tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Convulsions and apnoea in a patient infected with New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 Escherichia coli treated with colistin
Authors: Herbert D. Spapen, Patrick M. Honore, Nicolas Gregoire, Patrice Gobin, Jouke de Regt, Geert A. Martens, Denis Pierard, William Couet
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Treating Paget's disease.
Authors: D A Heath
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Background</h3> Transgender women (TGW) are significantly impacted by HIV in the Southeastern U.S., where HIV prevalence is the highest in the nation. Uptake of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is low among TGW nationwide. We aimed to explore barriers to PrEP awareness and uptake among TGW in the Southeastern U.S. <h3>Methods</h3> HIV-negative TGW ≥18 years old in Alabama participated in virtual focus groups (FGs) exploring barriers and beliefs related to HIV risk and PrEP among TGW in the Southeastern U.S. Participants were recruitment via social media, community outreach, and financial incentives to participants for referrals. A trained qualitative researcher coded transcripts after each FG and iteratively amended the FG protocol as new themes emerged. <h3>Results</h3> Between July 2020 and December 2020, 17 TGW participated in 4 FGs. Mean participant age was 28.1±8.5 years. Black, non-Hispanic and white, non-Hispanic TGW represented 41% (n=7) and 47% (n=8) of participants, respectively. Fifteen participants had heard of PrEP but only one had ever taken PrEP. Participants identified several barriers to PrEP use, including frustration regarding the conflation of transgender identity and HIV risk, lack of appropriate transgender representation in PrEP advertising, concerns for drug-drug interactions between PrEP and hormone replacement therapy, the perception that PrEP is primarily meant for cisgender men who have sex with men, and limited trans-affirming healthcare resources. Participants expressed that sexual risk behaviors, rather than transgender identity, should be central to healthcare providers’ discussion of PrEP with TGW. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nuanced messaging from healthcare providers and media is necessary to properly educate and engage TGW in HIV prevention strategies such as PrEP. A one-size-fits-all approach is inappropriate given the diversity among TGW regarding sexual behaviors and HIV risk factors. Discussions between TGW and healthcare providers should focus on individual HIV risk and patient concerns when determining whether or not PrEP is appropriate.
OC-018 Validation of two APC-dependent potential biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: S A Ibrahim, K R Reed, F Song, A Hammoudi, D M Pritchard, J R Jenkins
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Most cases of sporadic colorectal cancer develop via the adenoma carcinoma sequence and <i>APC</i> mutation is a key early molecular event. APC regulates B-catenin function and the WNT signalling pathway to control intestinal homeostasis. However, mutation or loss of <i>APC</i> gene results in translocation of B-catenin into the nucleus, where it forms a heterodimeric transcriptional factor complex with TCF and results in altered cell fate. We have previously performed a proteomic analysis of changes which occur in murine intestinal epithelium following acute b-napthoflavone-induced deletion of Apc expression (Apc<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice). Several proteins showed increased abundance following intestinal Apc deletion and we hypothesised that some of these may represent potential biomarkers for the serological detection of the early stages of human colorectal cancer. <h3>Aims</h3> To investigate whether two proteins which were demonstrated to be upregulated in Apc<sup>fl/fl</sup> intestinal epithelium by proteomic analysis, namely serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) and ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) show altered expression in murine and human intestinal tumours. <h3>Methods</h3> The expression patterns of SRSF2 and RPL6 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and RTqPCR in intestinal and colonic tumour samples obtained from Apc<sup>Min/+</sup> mice aged 1, 3 and 6 months and 15 human subjects with colorectal cancer. <h3>Results</h3> RTqPCR demonstrated a 3.0-fold increase in SFRS2 expression and a 2.8-fold increase in RPL6 expression in colonic polyp tissue from 6-month old Apc<sup>Min/+</sup> mice relative to colonic tissue from Apc<sup>+/+</sup>wild-type mice of the same age. Immunohistochemistry showed nuclear rather than cytoplasmic localisation of both SFRS2 and RPL6 in intestinal and colonic polyps from Apc<sup>Min/+</sup> mice aged 3 months and 6 months. The alteration in subcellular localisation of SFRS2 and RPL6 appeared to occur in adenomatous cells which also displayed nuclear translocation of B-catenin. Statistically significant increases in the relative expressions of SFRS2 (1.2-fold) and RPL6 (1.9-fold) mRNAs were also observed in human colorectal cancer tissue samples relative to adjacent unaffected colonic tissue from the same patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> RPL6 and SFRS2 both showed altered expression in murine and human intestinal/colonic tumours. Both these proteins are involved in regulating cell cycle progression—RPL6 regulates the G1-S transition via cyclin E and SFRS2 affects the G2/M transition via CDC5, possibly through alternative splicing. The altered expressions of PRL6 and SFRS2 may therefore deregulate cell cycle control and promote cellular proliferation, a characteristic phenotype of the intestinal epithelium of Apc<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice as well as intestinal tumours. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Melanoma Drug Resistance
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

A new study reveals that pigment-containing components within skin cells can retain various cancer drugs, a finding that may explain how melanomas can develop drug resistance (Chen KG et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600213103 [published online ahead of print June 15, 2006]).
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for the treatment of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer
Authors: I.-L. Lee, P. Y. Lin, S.-Y. Tung, C.-H. Shen, K.-L. Wei, C.-S. Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Subepithelial tumors of the stomach used to be considered as benign, but they do have malignant potential, especially when they originate from the muscularis propria layer. The aims of this study were to determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the removal of subepithelial tumors from the muscularis propria layer and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD for this indication.A total of 12 lesions in 11 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study during the period between December 2004 and February 2006. ESD using an insulated-tip knife was used to remove gastric subepithelial tumors from the muscularis propria where this was possible. Endoscopic mucosal resection using a suction and cap method ("EMR-c") was used to obtain a sufficiently large specimen for tissue diagnosis if complete resection by ESD was not possible.Nine tumors were resected completely by ESD (success rate 75 %). The mean tumor size as determined by endoscopic ultrasound as 20.7 mm (range 6 - 40 mm). The histological diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumor for eight lesions and leiomyoma for four tumors. The mean operation time was 60.9 minutes (range 20 - 170 minutes), and the average blood loss was 30 ml. No patient developed perforation or massive hemorrhage requiring surgical treatment, and there were no other immediate postprocedure complications.ESD can be used for the resection of intraluminal gastric subepithelial tumors and could replace treatment by surgical resection in some cases. EMR-c is an alternative method that can be used to obtain sufficient tumor tissue for histological diagnosis if complete resection by ESD fails.
454 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED ALPHA AGONIST TREATMENT INCREASES TREFOIL FACTOR FAMILY 3 EXPRESSION AND ATTENUATES APOPTOSIS IN THE LIVER TISSUE OF BILE DUCT LIGATED RATS
Authors: T. Karakan, M. Cindoruk, M. Kerem, B. Salman, D. Engin, M. Alper, O. Akin, S. Unal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cutaneous Sinuses of Dental Origin
Authors: Howard L. Stoll
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of cutaneous sinuses of dental origin are illustrated by analysis of 22 new cases. Unfamiliarity with this entity frequently is responsible for failure to recognize the dental cause of the cutaneous sinus. The most common cause of the cutaneous lesion was a periapical abscess. Sixteen patients presented a nodule at the cutaneous orifice of the sinus, and 6 patients showed a scar from previous treatment. Intraoral radiographs confirmed the clinical diagnosis in all cases. Previous surgical, electrosurgical, or radiation therapy of the skin lesion in 15 patients was not curative and was often disfiguring. In the 18 patients treated by removal of the involved tooth or retained roots and by curettage of the alveolar abscess, 17 sinuses healed with no direct treatment of the cutaneous lesion.
Vulvo-cervico-vaginal manifestations and evaluation of Papanicolaou smears in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Natasha D. Fairbanks Barbosa, Lana M. de Aguiar, Celina W. Maruta, Valéria Aoki, Miriam N. Sotto, Glaucia H.O. Labinas, Alexandre M. Perigo, Claudia Giuli Santi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Delta-Like 1 (Dlk-1), a Novel Marker of Prostate Basal and Candidate Epithelial Stem Cells, Is Downregulated by Notch Signalling in Intermediate/Transit Amplifying Cells of the Human Prostate
Authors: Jens A. Ceder, Linda Jansson, Leszek Helczynski, Per-Anders Abrahamsson
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Patients are overoptimistic about PCI
Authors: J. Whittle, R. Fyfe, R. D. Iles, J. Wildfong
Journal: BMJ (2014)

They should be equal partners in our efforts to improve understanding

Experts agree that, compared with optimal medical therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) do not improve survival or risk of myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary artery disease, but they do improve angina. Guidelines therefore recommend PCI for patients with stable coronary artery disease only if there are unacceptable symptoms in the face of adequate medical therapy, or if patients cannot tolerate medical therapy.1

In a linked paper, Kureshi and colleagues report that at 10 US hospitals the vast majority of patients undergoing elective PCI, presumably for stable coronary artery disease, believed that the procedure was being done to extend life or to prevent myocardial infarction.2

Although this finding is not new,3 4 the inclusion of patients treated at multiple hospitals allowed the authors to show that patients were more likely to believe that PCI reduced mortality or the risk of myocardial infarction at some hospitals than at others, though, even where such mistaken beliefs were least likely, 4 out of 5 patients reported these as benefits. Among the nearly 1000 patients surveyed, just 1% correctly reported that the relief of symptoms—not mortality and myocardial infarction risk reduction—was the expected benefit. …
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Perrie E. Pardee, Joel E. Lavine, Aaron K. Blumkin, Stephen Cook
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver disease in children, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD and cardiovascular risk factors in children is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the association between NAFLD and the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children. Methods and Results— This case-control study of 150 overweight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 150 overweight children without NAFLD compared rates of metabolic syndrome using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Cases and controls were well matched in age, sex, and severity of obesity. Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure than overweight and obese children without NAFLD. Subjects with NAFLD also had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than controls. After adjustment for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and hyperinsulinemia, children with metabolic syndrome had 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 9.7) times the odds of having NAFLD as overweight and obese children without metabolic syndrome. Conclusions— NAFLD in overweight and obese children is strongly associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The identification of NAFLD in a child should prompt global counseling to address nutrition, physical activity, and avoidance of smoking to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
ENCEPHALO-MYELITIS IN VIRUS INFECTIONS AND EXANTHEMATA: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: J. McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (1928)

terimi " dissemliinated eiiceplialo-myelitis of the post-vaccinal type."The qtuestion of the relation between acute dis- selminated eucep)lialo-mvelitis of the post-vaccitial type, acute anid chlrioic disseminiated sclerosis, and encephalitis periaxialis diffusa is one which others helre are more com- petenit to (di.SCUSS.In the above remarks I have placed in one groupj) the cases of post-vaccinal encephalitis -ith tlios wlhiel aippear to lhav-e shown essentially the samiie histological pictuie, and lhave separate(d this groiup from acute dis- seiillate(d seh mosis.AVoIlwill (1928) has poinite(d out the cardinial point of rlifl'e-entiation: the wlhole lenigth of a vessel i, surrI'Folunde(l by (lemvelination in the former and ouly a sennilci) t in the latter.But the pathogeniic proces,ses are esseiftially sinillar; conisequenltly the different picturies iniiasimply represenit modified reactionis to a single agenit, -ind tihe hiistological differentiation.be arti- ficial.1: fidl it iIii)ossible to consider acute anid cbhronic (lissemninoted sclerosis to be other than varieties of onie Con(lition1; ti.mansitions betweeni the tWo and mixtures of thle tw-o hoave been the rule rather than the exceptionl in m ly experience
Treatment Failure With Nitroglycerin
Authors: Richard H. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The single most useful agent in the treatment of angina pectoris is nitroglycerin, administered sublingually. We would like to report an unusual cause of treatment failure with sublingually administered nitroglycerin in a patient with coronary artery disease.  Report of a Case.—  A 69-year-old man had a ten-year history of rheumatoid arthritis and a four-year history of Sjogren syndrome. In October 1974, typical angina pectoris developed and the patient was hospitalized for evaluation. He was given nitroglycerin repeatedly but had no clinical response. During one episode of chest pain he was again given nitroglycerin, 0.4 mg sublingually, still with no relief. After 15 minutes, an oral examination revealed an undissolved nitroglycerin tablet under the patient's tongue. When water was given, the tablet rapidly dissolved, and the patient noted prompt relief of his chest pain. Future episodes of angina were easily controlled with nitroglycerin and water.  Comment.—  Nitroglycerin in
Ectopic Luteinizing Hormone Secretion and Anovulation
Authors: Boaz Hirshberg, P. Michael Conn, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Keith L. Blauer, Bradly D. Clark, Lynnette K. Nieman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 40-year-old woman referred for evaluation of markedly elevated levels of luteinizing hormone — identified in the course of an infertility workup — is the subject of this Brief Report. Investigation showed ectopic secretion of luteinizing hormone from a neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor, the removal of which led to the normalization of luteinizing hormone levels and the return of ovulation.
A feeder-free, defined three-dimensional polyethylene glycol-based extracellular matrix niche for culture of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Mi Jang, Seung Tae Lee, Jae Won Kim, Ji Hye Yang, Jung Ki Yoon, Joo-Cheol Park, Hyun-Mo Ryoo, André J. van der Vlies, Ji Yeon Ahn, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Yong Sang Song, Gene Lee, Jeong Mook Lim
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
PECULIAR PIGMENTATION FOLLOWING THE USE OF A PURGATIVE CONTAINING PHENOLPHTHALEIN
Authors: G. GORDON CAMPBELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1931)

Journal Article PECULIAR PIGMENTATION FOLLOWING THE USE OF A PURGATIVE CONTAINING PHENOLPHTHALEIN Get access G. GORDON CAMPBELL, B.Sc., M.D. G. GORDON CAMPBELL, B.Sc., M.D. Consultant in Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 43, Issue 4, 1 April 1931, Pages 186–187, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1931.tb09488.x Published: 01 April 1931
Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis: Comparing C and non-C hepatitis
Authors: Ronald L. Koretz, Maria Brezina, Alan J. Polito, Stella Quan, Judith Wilber, Robert Dinello, Gary Gitnick
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Using assays to detect antibodies against antigens (C-100, 5-1-1, C-22 and C-33) of the hepatitis C virus, we tested stored sera from 40 patients prospectively identified as having non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis. The 28 patients who demonstrated seroconversion ("documented hepatitis C") had more severe initial disease; all 20 cases of chronic hepatitis occurred in this subgroup. Only 2 of the 12 patients who did not demonstrate such seroconversion even had symptoms. In the group of patients with documented hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis was more commonly seen in men (89%) than in women (40%). The patients in whom antibody to the C-100 antigen developed were younger and had received more blood than had those patients who had hepatitis C diagnosed by demonstration of antibodies to the 5-1-1, C-22 or C-33 antigen (or all three). The proportion of cases of posttransfusion hepatitis that could be associated with antibody sero-conversion decreased around the time that blood banks switched to an all-volunteer system. The hepatitis seen in patients who failed to demonstrate serological evidence of hepatitis C virus exposure was usually clinically unimportant; it may or may not have been due to viral infection.
Pill claimants accuse defendants' witness of "cavalier" attitude
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cells change their cytology in response to environmental cues and stress. Notably, large changes in nuclear architecture are accompanied by transcriptional reprogramming. When starved of nitrogen, <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> cells become rounder and they enter a quiescent “G0” state. These cells have smaller nuclei and undergo near-global transcriptional repression. Here we use electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) and cell-biology approaches to investigate the structural and biochemical changes of G0 <i>S. pombe</i> nuclei. We find that G0 cells have a denser nucleoplasm and fewer chromatin-associated multi-megadalton globular complexes (megacomplexes) than proliferating cells. These structural changes are correlated with mild histone deacetylation. Induced histone hyperacetylation in G0 results in cells that have larger nuclei and less condensed chromatin. However, these histone-hyperacetylated G0 cells still have repressed transcription, few megacomplexes, and a dense nucleoplasm. Like in budding yeast, <i>S. pombe</i> G0 nuclear phenotypes are controlled by multiple biochemical factors.
Clinicopathological features of the triple-negative tumors in Chinese breast cancer patients.
Authors: W Yin, G Di, Y Lin, J Lu, G Liu, J Wu, Z Shen, Z Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6080 Background: Triple negative breast cancers are defined by a lack of expression of estrogen, progesterone, and Her-2 receptors. A number of studies suggested that the triple-negative phenotype could contribute to an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. However, similar data is still not available for Chinese populations. We sought to analyze the clinicopathological features of this subgroup in our hospital in order to get characteristics for Chinese breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 2028 female unilateral breast cancer patients undergoing surgery in our hospital from February 1991 to December 2003. ER, PR and Her-2 status were assessed using immunohistochemical staining. Survival curves were performed with Kaplan-Meier method and annual recurrence hazard was estimated by hazard function.&amp;#x2028; Results: According to different combinations of hormone receptor (HR) and Her-2 status, 2028 patients were categorized into the three subgroups as follows: Her-2+ (32.25%), HR+/Her-2- (48.92%) and triple-negative (18.83%). Triple-negative tumors were larger (greater than 2 cm in diameter) than HR+/Her-2- tumors, but smaller than Her-2+ tumors (70.03%, 66.15% and 76.15% respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In addition, 21.99% of patients whose tumors were triple-negative had four or more axillary nodes involved compared with 27.37% of patients with Her-2+ tumors and 22.78% with HR+/Her-2- tumors (P = 0.004). There were statistical differences in the distribution of TP53 mutation and Cathepsin-D status (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). In the univariate analysis, we found a statistical significance for recurrence-free survival (RFS) among the three subgroups (P = 0.0036), with the rate of 72.89% for Her-2+ tumors, 78.26% for HR+/Her-2- tumors and 75.61% for triple-negative tumors at the 11th year respectively. When it came to the time of hazard peaks, discrepancies existed in different subgroups. Triple-negative patients showed an early major recurrence surge peaking at the 2.5th year after surgery, followed by a gradual decline until year 6.5 and then a modest increase. As to HR+/Her-2- patients, the hazard plot exhibited a wide initial plateau-like wave covering at least 4 years and a subsequent rise. The hazard rate for Her-2+ patients displayed a tapering sharp at the 1st year and a second rise. Furthermore, the first peak of triple-negative tumors was higher than that of HR+/Her-2- patients, but lower than that of Her-2+ ones.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The recurrence pattern for triple-negative tumors was intermediate between Her-2+ and HR+/Her-2- counterparts.Our findings suggested that biological characteristics and prognosis of Chinese triple-negative breast cancer might be more favorable and somewhat different from those in Western populations. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6080.
More drug studies need to include pregnant women, says bulletin
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors too often say “no” or “don’t know” to pregnant women who ask whether they can take certain drugs when pregnant because of a lack of evidence on the drugs’ safety and effectiveness, an editorial in the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin has said.1

The number of “indirect” deaths of new mothers in the United Kingdom—where pregnancy worsens a new or pre-existing medical or mental health problem—has almost doubled over the past 20 years and now exceeds the number of deaths directly caused by pregnancy by 50%, it said. The figures show that in 1985-7 there were 139 direct deaths (6.1 per 100 000 pregnancies) and …