tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barrett’s Esophagus, Colorectal Adenomas and Carcinomas - What’s the Connection? Reply to Vieth &amp; Stolte
Authors: H. Wolfsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

I thank Drs Vieth and Stolte for their report of another patient with Barrett’s disease and an adenomatous colorectal polyposis syndrome. I suspect many investigators around the world are also looking for a connection between the dysplasia-carcinoma sequences of Barrett’s esophagus and colorectal adenomas [1]. Such a connection may be related to cytogenetic abnormalities, such as the loss of heterozygosity at tumor suppressor genes (DCC, APC, TP16 and TP53) found in both diseases [2]. Other investigators have studied clinical factors, such as the decreased use of aspirin or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in patients with esophageal and colonic neoplasms [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Perhaps of most concern are the pleiomorphic changes observed in Barrett’s glandular mucosa induced by hypergastrinemia in patients treated chronically with acid suppressive drugs [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]. Investigations into the association of Barrett’s disease with adenomatous colon polyposis syndromes, including genomic studies, may yield important clues regarding germ-line and somatic cell abnormalities and the variability in genotype-phenotype correlations, the effect of modifying genes, and the contribution of environmental influences [13] [14].
Bone Disease in Alcohol Abuse
Authors: DANIEL D. BIKLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

We evaluated bone disease in eight white men between the ages of 49 and 61 years who had been abusing alcohol for at least 10 years. The mean density of vertebral cancellous bone was 58% of normal, whereas the mean density of appendicular cortical bone was 90% of normal. Marked reduction in active bone resorption and bone formation was seen without evidence of osteomalacia. Serum levels of calcium and magnesium were in the lower range of normal; serum levels of phosphorus, calcifediol, and calcitriol were normal; and serum levels of parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate were in the higher range of normal. These data suggest that bone disease in these subjects is not due to inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion or function, or abnormal vitamin D metabolism, but to an inhibition of bone remodeling by a mechanism independent of the calciotropic hormones.
Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Howard N. Hodis, Wendy J. Mack, Roger A. Lobo, Donna Shoupe, Alex Sevanian, Peter R. Mahrer, Robert H. Selzer, Chao-ran Liu, Ci-hua Liu, Stanley P. Azen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Although observational studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women, use of unopposed ERT for prevention of coronary heart disease in healthy postmenopausal women remains untested. Objective: To determine the effects of unopposed ERT on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy postmenopausal women without preexisting cardiovascular disease. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: University-based clinic. Patients: 222 postmenopausal women 45 years of age or older without preexisting cardiovascular disease and with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 3.37 mmol/L or greater (≥ 130 mg/dL). Intervention: Unopposed micronized 17β-estradiol (1 mg/d) or placebo. All women received dietary counseling. Women received lipid-lowering medication if their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level exceeded 4.15 mmol/L (160 mg/dL). Measurements: The rate of change in intima–media thickness of the right distal common carotid artery far wall in computer image processed B-mode ultrasonograms obtained at baseline and every 6 months during the 2-year trial. Results: In a multivariable mixed-effects model, among women who had at least one follow-up measurement of carotid intima–media thickness (n = 199), the average rate of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis was lower in those taking unopposed estradiol than in those taking placebo (−0.0017 mm/y vs. 0.0036 mm/y); the placebo–estradiol difference between average progression rates was 0.0053 mm/y (95% CI, 0.0001 to 0.0105 mm/y) (P = 0.046). Among women who did not receive lipid-lowering medication (n = 77), the placebo–estradiol difference between average rates of progression was 0.0147 mm/y (CI, 0.0055 to 0.0240) (P = 0.002). Average rates of progression did not differ between estradiol and placebo recipients who took lipid-lowering medication (n = 122) (P > 0.2). Conclusions: Overall, the average rate of progression of subclinical atherosclerosis was slower in healthy postmenopausal women taking unopposed ERT with 17β-estradiol than in women taking placebo. Reduction in the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis was seen in women who did not take lipid-lowering medication but not in those who took these medications. * For a list of members of the Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial Research Group, see the Appendix.
Mutations in genes encoding the cadherin receptor-ligand pair DCHS1 and FAT4 disrupt cerebral cortical development
Authors: Silvia Cappello, Mary J Gray, Caroline Badouel, Simona Lange, Melanie Einsiedler, Myriam Srour, David Chitayat, Fadi F Hamdan, Zandra A Jenkins, Tim Morgan, Nadia Preitner, Tami Uster, Jackie Thomas, Patrick Shannon, Victoria Morrison, Nataliya Di Donato, Lionel Van Maldergem, Teresa Neuhann, Ruth Newbury-Ecob, Marielle Swinkells, Paulien Terhal, Louise C Wilson, Petra J G Zwijnenburg, Andrew J Sutherland-Smith, Michael A Black, David Markie, Jacques L Michaud, Michael A Simpson, Sahar Mansour, Helen McNeill, Magdalena Götz, Stephen P Robertson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Chronic Alcohol Consumption and Menstruation
Authors: Ralph S. Ryback
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Research efforts have only recently begun to unravel ethanol's effect on endocrine functions and sexual behavior. It is disturbing that this information is largely confined to the male alcoholic and problem drinker, as approximately 4% of American women have severe drinking problems.<sup>1</sup>There are known alcohol-related endocrinologic and sexual dysfunctions in male alcoholics with and without overt liver disease.<sup>2</sup>It is likely that alcoholrelated endocrinologic dysfunction also occurs in female alcoholics, for many of the hormonal systems involved are not unique to men, eg, estrone, estradiol. Experiments presently underway by the author and collaborators in the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse have found that an intragastric dosage of ethanol, 8 g/kg/day, will block the normal estrus cycle in 80% of rats exposed. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Two middle-class women were seen for inpatient detoxication and rehabilitation. They were
My Addison's disease
Authors: K. Hilditch
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A striking paradox of our time is that, for many conditions, medical resources are not allocated to the most pressing conditions.One of these conditions is, of course, HIV infection.In addition to the extraordinarily limited resources for diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection and its associated complications in the developing world, there is also a lack of basic information available to community health workers in these regions.Thus, although less than 5% of HIV infected people live in industrialised countries, almost all information regarding this epidemic is generated in and aimed at these countries.A quick Medline search, using the term "HIV," yielded more than 80 000 articles, most of little relevance to most people living with HIV worldwide.It is distressing that the scanty information available to the developing world leads to inevitable misunderstandings and mistaken beliefs.Granich and Mermin have made a valuable effort to address this information imbalance.Their book is a useful and concise treatise on HIV infection, targeted at community health and social workers working mainly, but not exclusively, in the poorest communities of the globe.Using clear and understandable language, the authors summarise aspects of aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and related conditions.They also provide some practical guidelines for the development of social projects.To facilitate the readability of the book to non-specialised people, each chapter begins with an imaginary story to introduce the topic.Illustrations and boxes with key points help to summarise their guidelines.Apart from the basic information provided in the main body of the book, an appendix has been added in which the authors briefly review the conditions associated with HIV infection and their manifestations and management.This appendix is more specialised than the rest of the book and, as the authors recognise, it has been influenced by their training in Western medicine.As a consequence, the treatments outlined for these conditions unfortunately are beyond the possibilities of the poorest communities.A useful glossary of terms and a detailed index complete this eminently practical book created to fill a gap in the information accessible to most of the social and health workers in this field around the world.
ENLARGED TUBERCULOUS TRACHEOBRONCHIAL GLANDS SIMULATING ASTHMA
Authors: M. MURRAY PESHKIN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Of several hundred children under observation in the asthma clinic the last four years, three were encountered in whom enlarged tuberculous tracheobronchial glands produced symptoms markedly simulating asthma. This condition, judging from the literature, is comparatively infrequent in this country. Because so much attention is being focused on protein hypersensitiveness as an exciting cause of asthma, these cases are likely to be and no doubt are frequently overlooked. This condition is a definite clinical entity and of grave prognostic import. Particularly in large cities with congested immigrant settlements are children prone to develop tuberculous gland infection. According to Schick, these cases are very contagious, and it is therefore important that an early diagnosis be made, so that they can be differentiated from the noncontagious condition of true asthma.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —A. M., a girl, aged 2, referred to the asthma clinic, Sept. 27, 1924, was a full-term
Skin necrosis following warfarin therapy
Authors: JOHN D. KIRBY, PHILIP J. MARRIOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Skin necrosis following warfarin therapy Get access JOHN D. KIRBY, JOHN D. KIRBY Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA 7BE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PHILIP J. MARRIOTT PHILIP J. MARRIOTT Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECIA 7BE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 1, 1 January 1976, Pages 97–99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04349.x Published: 01 January 1976
Narrative Review: Ventilator-Induced Respiratory Muscle Weakness
Authors: Martin J. Tobin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Clinicians have long been aware that substantial lung injury results when mechanical ventilation imposes too much stress on the pulmonary parenchyma. Evidence is accruing that substantial injury may also result when the ventilator imposes too little stress on the respiratory muscles. Through adjustment of ventilator settings and administration of pharmacotherapy, the respiratory muscles may be rendered almost (or completely) inactive. Research in animals has shown that diaphragmatic inactivity produces severe injury and atrophy of muscle fibers. Human data have recently revealed that 18 to 69 hours of complete diaphragmatic inactivity associated with mechanical ventilation decreased the cross-sectional areas of diaphragmatic fibers by half or more. The atrophic injury seems to result from increased oxidative stress leading to activation of protein-degradation pathways. Scientific understanding of ventilator-induced respiratory muscle injury has not reached the stage where meaningful controlled trials can be done, and thus, it is not possible to give concrete recommendations for patient management. In the meantime, clinicians are advised to select ventilator settings that avoid both excessive patient effort and excessive respiratory muscle rest. The contour of the airway pressure waveform on a ventilator screen provides the most practical indication of patient effort, and clinicians are advised to pay close attention to the waveform as they titrate ventilator settings. Research on ventilator-induced respiratory muscle injury is in its infancy and portends to be an exciting area to follow.
Advances in Nd:YAG Laser Surgery
Authors: George M. Bohigian
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is truly the multidisciplinary and multispecialty tool of the 1980s. This book illustrates that it is multinational as well. Nearly half of the book is written by Japanese authors, making it easy to ascertain the high degree of knowledge that the Japanese have attained in this important biotechnological field. American physicians will certainly be impressed and possibly surprised by the exquisite application of Nd:YAG laser by Japanese physicians and scientists. The editors, Dr Stephen Joffe and Dr Yanao Oguro, have compiled a 368-page text with 45 chapters written by experts in their fields with a multitude of clear photographs and diagrams on the use of Nd:YAG lasers in multiple specialties. A variety of subjects are covered from endoscopic laser use in gastrointestinal applications to gynecology, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, dentistry, and plastic surgery and setting up ambulatory-care laser centers. Many of the chapters dealing with surgical
Studies Utilizing the Portable Electromagnetic Ballistocardiograph
Authors: HARRY MANDELBAUM, ROBERT A. MANDELBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1953)

One hundred patients, who had survived their first episode of myocardial infarction, were studied by serial ballistocardiograms which provided a reliable index in determining myocardial functional recovery. The degree of ballistocardiographic reversion toward normal, as judged by an 18-month or longer follow-up period, has proved to be a valuable standard for prognosis.
Effect of Vagotomy on Ascorbic Acid Nutrition in Patients with Peptic Ulcer
Authors: J. A. E. MacDonald, M. M. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In 33 patients undergoing surgery for peptic ulcer it was found that both the dietary and the leucocyte ascorbic acid levels fell below the accepted normal values. Although after vagotomy the dietary intake improved dramatically, this was accompanied by only a small rise in leucocyte ascorbic acid levels. Evidence has been presented that the reduction in gastric acid output after vagotomy might be responsible for this paradox.
Blast Cell Crisis in Acute Leukemia
Authors: Jen-Yih Chu
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> We were very interested in the article on the management of blast cell crisis in leukemia by Hoagland and Perry (235:1888-1889, 1976). In pediatrics, some additional problems should be considered in the leukemic infant and child with a very high WBC count. <h3>Hypocalcemia and Tetany.—</h3> Leukemic patients with very high WBC counts have been shown to be more susceptible to hypocalcemia as well as hyperuricemia during the induction therapy.<sup>1</sup>However, we also recently encountered an adolescent girl in whom tetany and renal failure developed prior to any chemotherapy for leukemia. The mechanism of hypocalcemia is still not well understood. Some feel that high phosphate load from the lysis of leukemic cells is the cause,<sup>1</sup>while others consider renal shutdown responsible.<sup>2</sup>Coexistence of hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia may also cause a dilemma in the management of the case. Administration of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate will
P993 EASL AND MRECIST RESPONSE TO COMBINATION THERAPY OF SORAFENIB AND TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION PREDICTS SURVIVAL IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: W. Wang, W. Bai, Y. Zhao, Z. Yin, C. He, J. Niu, L. Liu, H. Chen, D. Fan, G. Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Palliative Day Care
Authors: C. Regnard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Ronald A Fisher, Pearl McDaid Edward Arnold, £16.99, pp 259 ISBN 0 340 62521 X

Although many patients wish to die at home, in Britain only half of patients with cancer achieve their wish, despite the emphasis on palliative care at home. Palliative day care is a low cost addition to community support services and it is surprising that so little has been written on the subject. Palliative Day Care is a welcome and thorough look at this important …
Systematic Evaluation of AAV Vectors for Liver directed Gene Transfer in Murine Models
Authors: Lili Wang, Huan Wang, Peter Bell, Robert J McCarter, Jianping He, Roberto Calcedo, Luk H Vandenberghe, Hiroki Morizono, Mark L Batshaw, James M Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being evaluated for use in liver-directed gene therapy. Candidates have been preselected on the basis of capsid structure that plays an important role in determining performance profiles. We describe a comprehensive and statistically powered set of mouse studies designed to compare the performance of vectors based on seven novel AAV capsids. The key criteria used to select candidates for successful gene therapy are high level and stable transgene expression in the absence of toxicity. Based on these criteria, the best performing vectors, AAV8, AAVhu.37, and AAVrh.8, will be further evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs).
A Survey of the Bacteriophage WO in the Endosymbiotic Bacteria Wolbachia
Authors: L. Gavotte, H. Henri, R. Stouthamer, D. Charif, S. Charlat, M. Bouletreau, F. Vavre
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Bacteriophages are common viruses infecting prokaryotes. In addition to their deadly effect, phages are also involved in several evolutionary processes of bacteria, such as coding functional proteins potentially beneficial to them, or favoring horizontal gene transfer through transduction. The particular lifestyle of obligatory intracellular bacteria usually protects them from phage infection. However, Wolbachia, an intracellular alpha-proteobacterium, infecting diverse arthropod and nematode species and best known for the reproductive alterations it induces, harbors a phage named WO, which has recently been proven to be lytic. Here, phage infection was checked in 31 Wolbachia strains, which induce 5 different effects in their hosts and infect 25 insect species and 3 nematodes. Only the Wolbachia infecting nematodes and Trichogramma were found devoid of phage infection. All the 25 detected phages were characterized by the DNA sequence of a minor capsid protein gene. Based on all data currently available, phylogenetic analyses show a lack of congruency between Wolbachia or insect and phage WO phylogenies, indicating numerous horizontal transfers of phage among the different Wolbachia strains. The absence of relation between phage phylogeny and the effects induced by Wolbachia suggests that WO is not directly involved in these effects. Implications on phage WO evolution are discussed.
Association of Hospital Primary Angioplasty Volume in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Quality and Outcomes
Authors: Dharam J. Kumbhani
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Earlier studies indicate an inverse relationship between hospital volume and mortality after primary angioplasty for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, contemporary data are lacking.To assess the relationship between hospital primary angioplasty volume and outcomes and quality of care measures in patients presenting with STEMI.An observational analysis of data on 29,513 patients presenting with STEMI and undergoing primary angioplasty in the American Heart Association's Get With the Guidelines registry. Patients were treated between July 5, 2001, and December 31, 2007, at 166 angioplasty-capable hospitals across the United States. Hospitals were divided into tertiles (<36 procedures per year, 36-70 procedures per year, and >70 procedures per year) based on their annual primary angioplasty volume.Door-to-balloon (DTB) times, length of hospital stay, adherence with evidence-based quality of care measures, and in-hospital mortality.Compared with low- and medium-volume centers, high-volume centers had better median DTB times (98 vs 90 vs 88 minutes, respectively; P for trend < .001). High-volume centers were more likely than low-volume centers to follow evidence-based guidelines at discharge. Length of stay was similar between the 3 groups (P for trend = .13). There was no significant difference in the crude mortality between the tertiles of volume (incidence rate, 3.9% vs 3.2% vs 3.0% for low-, medium-, and high-volume centers, respectively; P = .26 and P = .99 for low- and medium- vs high-volume hospitals, respectively). Sequential multivariable modeling using generalized estimating equations revealed no significant association between hospital primary angioplasty volume and in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.91; P = .38 and adjusted OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.78-1.66; P = .49 for low- and medium- vs high-volume hospitals, respectively).In a contemporary registry of patients with STEMI, higher-volume primary angioplasty centers vs lower-volume centers were associated with shorter DTB times and more use of evidence-based therapies, but not with adjusted in-hospital mortality or length of hospital stay.
"Congresses on Tuberculosis."
Authors: Clark Bell
Journal: JAMA (1904)

New York City, Dec. 14, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —... The American Congress on Tuberculosis was founded by the Medicolegal Society in 1900, and has held its annual meetings and elected its officers each year since that time at the City of New York. This congress is not, nor was it ever, for a moment, considered as a strictly medical organization. It was composed of legal and medical men, scientists, and publicists, because the medical profession, as such, in this country failed to organize such a congress, although all the leading powers of christendom had moved and acted. Sweden, Italy, Germany, France and England had done so. The Medicolegal Society, because of the inaction of the medical profession of America, considered that if consumption was a communicable disease, as their medical members believed and advised, that the highest questions in forensic medicine ever submitted to the two great professions of