tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinogen-mediated oxidant formation and oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Krystyna Frenkel
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1992)

This article reviews the experimental data that points to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative DNA base damage as being important contributors to cancer development. Particular emphasis is placed on the role they play in genetic changes occurring during tumor promotion. A number of structurally different anticarcinogenic agents inhibit ROS production and oxidative DNA damage as they inhibited inflammation and tumor promotion. This underlines the importance of ROS and oxidative genetic damage to the carcinogenic process. It also points to the possibility that some types of cancer may be preventable if the cycles of tumor promotion can be interrepted.
Re: Alessandro Sciarra, Valeria Panebianco, Stefano Salciccia, et al. Role of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging in the Detection of Local Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2008;54:589–600
Authors: Emanuele Casciani, Luca Bertini, GianFranco Gualdi
Journal: European Urology (2008)
EFFECT OF THE INTER-REPETITION REST LENGTH IN THE CAPACITY TO REPEAT PEAK POWER OUTPUT
Authors: Teresa Valverde-Esteve, Manuel García-Manso Juan, Ana Pablos-Monzó, Carlos Pablos-Abella, Manuel Martín-González Juan, David Rodríguez-Ruiz
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background High volumes of work affect the movement technical quality, reducing the muscular capacity to develop high magnitudes of force. One of the most important parameters that we can use to regulate the training loads are the inter-repetition rests (IRR). The purpose of this study was to compare the Peak Power output (PP) magnitudes in three different inter-repetition length sets with Optimal Load (OL) in Bench Press (BP). Methods Our sample was formed by 16 male physical education students (age: 23.6±2.1 years; height: 178.2±6.9 cm; mass: 78.3±7.2 kg; 1RM: 90.2±13.9 kg; 1RM/mass: 1.15±0.16), who performed the BP test with different IRR with OL (48.8±7.2% of 1RM; 44.2±11.5 kg). After establishing the bench press 1-RM and OL, all participants performed three sets of work: IRR15s (1 set×15 repetitions with 15 s inter-repetition rests), IRR10s (1 set×15 repetitions with 10 s inter-repetition rests) and IRR5s (1 set×15 repetitions with 5 s inter-repetition rests) separated by 15 min each. Results There were no mechanical significant differences among the 15 repetitions when performing the protocol with IRR15s, although there was a slight tendency to decrease the maximal values of PP (1st Rep.: 324.1±18.9 vs. 15th Rep.: 250.9±16.4 W). Significant decreases were observed from the second repetition in the IRR10s (1st Rep.: 346.2±82.2 vs. 2nd Rep.: 296.6±64.0 W) (13.8 %; p=0.002; ES: –0.60; IC 95%: 14.16–85.07) and IRR5s (1st Rep.: 348.2±70.9 vs. 2nd Rep.: 290.5±72.8) (16.8±11.4%; p=0.001; ES: -0.82; IC 95%: 18.57–96.93). Conclusions The longer IRR allows the higher number of efficient repetitions (IRR15s&gt;IRR10s &gt;= IRR5s). In our study, when performing IRR15s there were no significant PP decreases observed, while in IRR10s and IRR5s significant decreases were found from the second repetition.
Assay of Crystalline Insulin and of Serum Insulin-like Activity of Different Species on Adipose Tissue of the Rat, Mouse and Guinea Pig
Authors: Jurgen Steinke, Eishi Miki, George F. Cahill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MOST data concerning the measurement of serum insulin in human subjects and obtained by in vitro bioassays have employed the rat as experimental animal, using either the diaphragm or the epididymal adipose-tissue technics. Since these data have given rise to numerous speculations about the state of insulin in blood, and have furthermore contributed to current hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of early human diabetes,1 2 3 4 it appeared pertinent to test their validity by varying the species employed in the bioassay procedure. Moreover, it appeared of interest to study the effects of various available highly purified insulins (human, pork, beef, rat and tuna . . .
New NHS complaints procedure
Authors: M Forsythe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

not exist.Furthermore, the physical effects of growth hormone deficiency such as the increased proportion of body fat must be rigorously controlled for in studies of, for example, the effects of growth hormone deficiency on quality of life and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.Longer term studies of the effects of growth hormone replacement in adult life are also needed.Finally, not all adults with growth hormone deficiency who receive replacement feel better for it, and the biochemical, historical, and personality factors that influence the subjective response are not yet clear.For the immediate future, studies of growth hormone replacement in adults should concentrate on those with severe growth hormone deficiency.
Cephaloridine and Cephalothin: Pharmacodynamics in Uremia.
Authors: R. L. Perkins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Cephaloridine and Cephalothin: Pharmacodynamics in Uremia.R. L. Perkins, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. Smith, M.D., S. Saslaw, M.D., F.A.C.P.R. L. Perkins, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, E. Smith, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. Saslaw, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1175_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe high antibacterial activity of cephalosporins suggests their use in uremic patients. Preliminary reports indicate that high and prolonged, potentially toxic serum levels of cephalosporins may occur in uremia and that peritoneal dialysis may significantly reduce concentrations. Thus, the comparative pharmacodynamics of cephalothin and cephaloridine were evaluated in a crossover study in five chronically uremic patients before and during peritoneal dialysis. After single 1-g intramuscular injections, decay rates were determined for antibiotic concentrations and antibacterial activity (ABA) in serial serum, urine, and dialysate samples. Cupplate antibiotic assays were obtained usingSarcina lutea;ABA was determined against a penicillin-resistant staphylococcus, group... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1175-1175KeywordsAntibioticsAttentionIntramuscular injectionsPenicillinPeritoneal dialysisPharmacodynamicsStaphylococcusUrine Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Coronary artery to left atrium fistula requiring revascularisation: case report and literature review.
Authors: M Swank, D E Koepke
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Only 12 cases of coronary artery to left atrium fistula have been reported, with successful correction in at least seven. We describe a unique case of repair of a left main coronary artery to left atrium fistula using revascularisation with general discussion of the embryology, pathophysiology, complications, and diagnosis of these fistulae, indications for operation, and guidelines for surgical management.
Heme is a potent inducer of inflammation in mice and is counteracted by heme oxygenase
Authors: Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener, Andreas Eggert, Otto C. Boerman, Wim J. G. Oyen, Albert Verhofstad, Nader G. Abraham, Gosse Adema, Yvette van Kooyk, Theo de Witte, Carl G. Figdor
Journal: Blood (2001)
Dynamic acquisition of FLT3 or RAS alterations drive a subset of patients with lower risk MDS to secondary AML
Authors: K Takahashi, E Jabbour, X Wang, R Luthra, C Bueso-Ramos, K Patel, S Pierce, H Yang, Y Wei, N Daver, S Faderl, F Ravandi, Z Estrov, J Cortes, H Kantarjian, G Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
The Army Canteen.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Hartford, Conn, Dec. 6, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The American Public Health Association is composed of many very practical men, and it is reasonable to suppose that they knew what they endorsed by vote at a recent session. The following resolution was offered and considered in a committee, then unanimously passed in the general session of the Association: "Resolved, That this body deplores any action in curtailing the operation of army canteens or post exchanges and in the interest of general and military sanitation and temperance recommend their establishment<i>as formerly existing in the United States</i>." The spirit interests have circulated this resolution very widely as evidence that the canteens, with beer and spirits, are needed to keep the army temperate and sober. The "anticanteeners" are using the same resolution to demonstrate that the public health doctors want no change, but recommend the establishment of the canteen "as formerly existing
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Metastasis to the Internal Jugular Vein Demonstrated by 131I SPECT/CT
Authors: Beatriz Birelli do Nascimento, Elba Cristina de Sá Camargo Etchebehere, Lígia Vera Montalli Assumpção, Alfio José Tincani, Allan de Oliveira Santos, Jamal Baracat, Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann, Celso Dario Ramos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Cervical uptake detected by 131I whole body scintigraphy (131I-WBS) may be due to thyroid remnants or loco-regional metastases. We describe a patient with follicular carcinoma submitted to total thyroidectomy. 131I-WBS showed left cervical linear uptake and focal areas of uptake in the abdomen and pelvis. SPECT/CT images demonstrated a potential thrombus in the left jugular vein (confirmed by doppler neck ultrasound and MRI) as well as bone metastases. The patient was submitted to thrombectomy and histopathology confirmed metastasis of follicular carcinoma.
IMPACT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES ON SURVIVAL FOLLOWING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ISCHEMIC DISEASE
Authors: Tetsuari Onishi, Philip J. Habib, Olusegun Oyenuga, Stephanie C. Haberman, Toshinari Onishi, Evan Adelstein, Samir Saba, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Phylogenetic profiles: a graphical method for detecting genetic recombinations in homologous sequences
Authors: G. F. Weiller
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Phylogenetic profiles constitute a novel way of graphically displaying the coherence of the sequence relationships over the entire length of a set of aligned homologous sequences. Using a sliding-window technique, this method determines the pairwise distances of all sequences in the windows and evaluates, for each sequence, the degree to which the patterns of distances in these regions agree. This method is suited for exploring data consistency as well as detecting recombinant sequences. A computer program implementing the algorithm has been developed, and examples with simulated and natural sequences are given to demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy of the method for identifying recombinant sequences and their recombination junctions as well as detecting hot spots of recombinational activity.
The Treatment of Scabies in an Institution: Comparative Study
Authors: Bernard Appel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN 1924, when the late Dr. Arthur M. Greenwood1 called attention to the Danish polysulfide antiscabietic ointment, he introduced and popularized in this country the twenty-four-hour treatment for scabies. This was an advance over the previous three-day treatment with the customary sulfur preparations. The next advance in treatment came with the introduction of benzyl benzoate, and this achieved such extensive use that it became official in the United States Pharmacopoeia (thirteenth revision, April 1, 1947). With the reintroduction of DDT during World War II, another phase of insecticide study was initiated — namely, the co-ordination between insect toxicants in general . . .
Lack of a pharmacologic interaction between ATP-sensitive potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors in ischemic rat hearts
Authors: G. J. Grover, A. J. Baird, P. G. Sleph
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

An interaction between adenosine A1 receptors and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) has been hypothesized to mediate preconditioning in several species. Unlike other species tested, KATP blockers and A1 antagonists do not abolish preconditioning in rat hearts. The purpose of this study was to determine if KATP and A1 receptors are pharmacologically linked in rat hearts as they are in other species.Isolated rat hearts were given 0.03-1.00 microM R-PIA (adenosine A1 receptor agonist) with or without concomitant 0.3 microM glyburide starting 10 min pre-ischemia. After 25 min global ischemia, the hearts were reperfused for 30 min. Rat hearts were also treated with 1-30 microM cromakalim in the presence of 10 microM DPCPX (adenosine A1 antagonist).R-PIA produced a concentration-dependent bradycardia before ischemia which was blocked by DPCPX. R-PIA increased the time to onset of contracture in a concentration-dependent manner (EC25 = 0.13 microM) and this was unaffected by 0.3 microM glyburide (EC25 = 0.20 microM). This concentration of glyburide completely abolished the protective effects of 10 microM cromakalim. R-PIA also significantly enhanced post-ischemic recovery of function and reduced LDH release, and glyburide did not alter these responses. Cromakalim significantly increased the time to onset of contracture (EC25 = 4.5 microM) and 10 microM DPCPX had no effect on this (EC25 = 5.6 microM). Cromakalim also significantly enhanced post-ischemic recovery of function and reduced LDH release. DPCPX did not alter these cardioprotective effects while glyburide completely abolished the cardioprotective effects of cromakalim.While both cromakalim and R-PIA are cardioprotective in isolated rat hearts, they are not pharmacologically linked, possibly explaining why preconditioning may be different in this species.
Intralobar pulmonary sequestration in a patient with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A cause of confusion
Authors: H. Mehmet Turk, Suleyman Buyukberber, Celalettin Camci, Alper Sevinc, Bülent Tuncozgur, Cumhur Sivrikoz, Resat Kervancioglu, Ibrahim Sari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Pulmonary sequestration, a rare congenital pulmonary disorder, is characterized by nonfunctioning lung tissue that is separated from normal tracheobronchial tree. We present a 60-year-old woman with diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, paratracheal and aorticopulmonary lymphadenopathies had disappeared. However, the size of the pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe had persisted. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pulmonary mass was not diagnostic, so thoracotomy was applied. The lesion was defined as pulmonary sequestration, and basal segmentectomy was performed. After proper and sufficient chemotherapy, histopathological diagnosis of any persisting masses should be confirmed prior to overtreatment decision.
Comparison of oral prednisolone and intramuscular depot triamcinolone in patients with severe chronic asthma.
Authors: W Droszcz, B Piotrowska
Journal: Thorax (1985)

OBJECTIVE: YKL-40 is a major secretory protein from human chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. We evaluated the concentrations and localization of YKL-40 in hip joint diseases, and analyzed the possibility of YKL-40 as a new inflammatory joint marker. METHODS: The concentration of YKL-40 in synovial fluid (SF) was measured by a sandwich-type ELISA. SF samples were collected from 19 hips with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip joint, 21 hips with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and 5 hips with failed total hip arthroplasty (failed THA). In all cases of failed THA, cartilage tissue in hip joints was removed completely during the previous THA. The localization of YKL-40 was determined through immunohistochemical analysis using a specific antibody. RESULTS: The mean SF concentration of YKL-40 was significantly higher in ONFH and failed THA than in OA. Comparison by OA grade was not significantly different. In staging of ONFH, Ficat stage III with collapsed femoral head showed significantly higher YKL-40 concentrations than the other stages. Immunohistochemical studies showed that YKL-40 was localized in chondrocytes in the superficial and middle layers of the cartilage. In the synovium, YKL-40 was localized in fibroblasts and macrophages. CONCLUSION: YKL-40 reflects the degree of inflammation rather than cartilage metabolism. YKL-40 may be a useful inflammatory marker of hip joint diseases.
Women need better information on routine mammography: Framing is important in presenting risk information
Authors: T. P Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Thornton et al argue that women need better information on breast screening.1 A great deal of evidence is available on how risk should be presented to facilitate understanding.2

Absolute risks should be given more prominence than relative risks. The effects of the decision over the individual's lifetime should be presented rather than the effects in the next few years.

The way information is framed also influences the decisions people reach. Reductions in losses (such as “screening decreases mortality from 6% to 4%”) are more persuasive than increases in gains (such as “screening increases survival from 94% to 96%”).

Unless our aim is to manipulate, the influence of framing should be minimised by presenting risks of both gains (survival) and losses (mortality). People tend to understand data more easily if they are presented in the form of integers (3 in 10 people) rather than probabilities (30% of people). Any attempt to present risk information to women should make use of decision aids.3

Current breast cancer information leaflets do not contain information on absolute reduction in mortality or absolute risk of further investigation over the course of a screening career and do not use any decision aids.4 Decision aids for breast cancer screening have been published that meet at least some of these requirements.5 I hope they will be found in future leaflets.
Primary care trusts reverse advice to ophthalmologists to use cheaper drug for wet age related macular degeneration
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A group of primary care trusts in southern England has discontinued its policy of funding the anticancer drug bevacizumab (marketed as Avastin) as an alternative treatment for wet age related macular degeneration (wet AMD).

The U turn by the Southampton, Hampshire, Isle of Wight, and Portsmouth cluster of primary care trusts came after Novartis, which markets a licensed drug for the condition, ranibizumab (Lucentis), successfully sought a judicial review of the cluster’s policy.1

Bevacizumab is unlicensed for wet AMD but has a similar mode of action, works nearly as well, and is much cheaper. By allowing ophthalmologists to prescribe it rather than ranibizumab, the cluster of trusts had hoped to save as much as £5m (€6.4m; $8m) a year.

At a board meeting on 25 July the cluster revoked the policy after considering a review paper prepared for it by a team that included its medical director, Stuart Ward. The review listed a series of arguments for changing tack, which included the pending legal action, the reluctance of ophthalmologists to prescribe bevacizumab, guidance from the General Medical Council, and an offer by Novartis to negotiate a lower price for ranibizumab. The board accepted the advice.

In many parts of the world, including the United States, bevacizumab is used more commonly than …
Proximal and Distal Tubular Function in Salt-Deprived and in Salt-Loaded Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Escaped Rats
Authors: H. Sonnenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Proximal and distal tubular function was compared with urinary excretion in rats after chronic administration of salt and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or during salt deprivation. DOCA rats excreted significantly more sodium than did salt-deprived rats. Measurements of tubular fluid to plasma (TF/P) inulin ratios and concentrations of sodium and potassium in quantitative, timed collections, related to measured tubular length, allowed calculation of absolute reabsorption of fluid and ions in the different nephron segments. Proximal transport was not reduced in DOCA-treated rats compared with salt-deprived animals; in distal tubule the former group reabsorbed more sodium and secreted less potassium than the latter. Calculation of sodium transport in loop of Henle as the difference in flow between the end of the proximal convolution and the beginnings of the distal tubule indicated no inhibition of reabsorption in DOCA animals. Comparison of end-distal tubular flow with simultaneous urinary excretion suggested that sodium load was not the determining factor of enhanced natriuresis in DOCA-treated animals. The data are interpreted as indicating that DOCA-escape in the rat is associated with specific alteration of sodium transport in the collecting duct system.
Smoking and Cancer of the Mouth, Pharynx, and Larynx
Authors: Condict Moore
Journal: JAMA (1965)

One hundred and two smokers, all of whom had been cured of mouth or throat cancer, were divided into two groups: 65 who continued smoking, and 37 who stopped. Within approximately six years, 21 of the 65 patients who continued smoking acquired a second  area cancer; only two of 37 quitters developed second cancers in this same period. The highly significant difference in distribution of second cancers implicates tobacco in the formation of most mouth-throat cancers. Mouth-cancer patients with a fair prognosis will gain a considerable advantage from quitting the use of tobacco.
The Changing Face of Asthma
Authors: P. T. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The improved outcomes for low—birth-weight infants born in the 1970s might account for a portion of the increase in asthma morbidity and mortality in the United States for the period 1980 through 1987 as documented by Weiss and Wagener.<sup>1</sup> With the evolution of perinatal medicine and the widespread development of neonatal intensive care units, the neonatal death rate for very low—birth-weight infants plummeted (Table). However, many of these survivors of neonatal intensive care units were plagued with long-term disabilities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, that would put them at risk for chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma.<sup>2</sup> It is possible that, as this cohort of high-risk survivors, which was disproportionately poor, nonwhite, and urban (the location of the neonatal intensive care units), became young children in the 1980s, those who developed asthma experienced an increased morbidity and mortality because of decreased primary care access secondary
Work Status After Coronary Bypass Surgery-Reply
Authors: Albert Oberman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Time off from work prior to surgery does influence whether or not a patient returns to work afterwards. We found that almost half those patients not working three months prior to surgery did not work afterwards, compared with only 20% of those working prior to surgery. Our multivariate analyses demonstrated the hours worked before surgery best predicted hours worked after surgery. Work status before surgery remains difficult to evaluate, as some patients may work but with various constraints, including a decrease in responsibilities, physical exertion, and hours actually worked. Unfortunately, a number of patients in the study did not return to work, as stated in the article, for a variety of reasons, such as physical or mental demands of the job, fear of stress precipitating future problems, lack of any incentive, company-union policies, and inadequate relief of symptoms. It is our impression that many such persons are physically