tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physiology of Reproduction, vols 1 &amp;amp; 2
Authors: Alan S. Penzias
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Editors-in-chief Ernst Knobil and Jimmy Neill and associate editors Gilbert Greenwald, Clement Markert, and Donald Pfaff, taking on the mammoth task of updating and revising their classic two-volume textbook<i>The Physiology of Reproduction</i>, have produced an extraordinary new edition that stands alone among its peers. The first edition, published in 1988, adroitly partitioned the subject of human and nonhuman mammalian reproduction into logical sections and chapters spanning 2413 pages. Six years have passed between editions, and in the research community six years is an eternity, as reflected in the prediction "If the exponential increase [in medical knowledge] seen in the decades 1950 through 1970 continues, then at some time during the next century<i>Index Medicus</i>will be growing faster than the generally accepted rate for the expansion of the universe."<sup>1</sup> The new edition has ably incorporated the changes in our understanding of reproduction. There are seven new chapters among
Inhibition of Functional Hyaluronan-CD44 Interactions in CD133-positive Primary Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells by Small Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides
Authors: Mark G. Slomiany, Lu Dai, Lauren B. Tolliver, G. Daniel Grass, Yiping Zeng, Bryan P. Toole
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

PURPOSE: CD44 is one of the most common markers used for identification of highly tumorigenic subpopulations of human carcinoma cells, but little is known about the function of CD44 or its major ligand, hyaluronan, in these cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of hyaluronan and its interaction with CD44 in the properties of a tumorigenic subpopulation of primary ovarian carcinoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A tumorigenic subpopulation was identified in ascites fluids from ovarian carcinoma patients by expression of high CD133 levels. Treatment with small hyaluronan oligosaccharides, which dissociate constitutive hyaluronan polymer-CD44 interactions, was used to test the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interaction in assembly of multidrug and monocarboxylate transporters and receptor tyrosine kinases in the plasma membrane of cells with high CD133 levels, and in the tumorigenic capacity of the CD133-high subpopulation. RESULTS: Although total CD44 levels were similar in cells with high or low CD133 expression, CD44 was present in close association with transporters, receptor tyrosine kinases, and emmprin (CD147) in the plasma membrane of cells with high CD133 levels. Treatment with small hyaluronan oligosaccharides reduced association of the transporters and receptor tyrosine kinases with CD44 in the plasma membrane, diminished drug transporter activity, and inhibited i.p. tumorigenesis in these cells. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hyaluronan-CD44 interaction plays an important role in the properties of highly tumorigenic cells by stabilizing oncogenic complexes in their plasma membrane, and that treatment with hyaluronan-CD44 antagonists provides a logical therapeutic approach for abrogating the properties of these cells. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7593-601).
Evidence for a functional defect of the lamina lucida in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa demonstrated by suction blisters*
Authors: M.J. TIDMAN, R.A.J. EADY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Suction blisters were raised in non‐lesional skin of sixteen patients with various types of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). The ultrastructural level of separation was found in each type to be within the lamina lucida of the epidermal basement membrane zone. Suction blister times were normal in EB simplex, dominant dystrophic and localized recessive dystrophic EB, but were markedly reduced in both junctional EB and severe generalized recessive dystrophic EB. These data indicate an unpredicted abnormality of adhesion within the lamina lucida in severe recessive dystrophic EB, in addition to the well‐recognized defect at a deeper level, beneath the lamina densa, in this condition. The use of suction blister times may prove valuable in the diagnosis of EB.
1017 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS CORRELATE WITH PATHOLOGICAL SUBTYPE CLASSIFICATION OF HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMAS
Authors: S.M. van Aalten, M.G. Thomeer, T. Terkivatan, R.S. Dwarkasing, J. Verheij, R.A. de Man, J.N. IJzermans
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
PTH-016 Diagnosis And Management Of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Is There A Need For An Urgent Update Of National Guidelines?: Abstract PTH-016 Table 1
Authors: A Goel, S Murugesan, MT Hendrickse
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and serious complication in cirrhotic patients with ascitis. Clinical guidelines have been published by the BSG, EASL and AASLD for the diagnosis and management of SBP. We carried out a survey of current practice in the diagnosis and management of SBP in the North West of England. <h3>Methods</h3> Survey questionnaires were sent to the Hepatology leads of NHS hospital trusts in the North West of England. <h3>Results</h3> 11 responses from a total of 18 hospitals are included in this analysis. Ascitic fluid total white cell count (WCC) is estimated in all hospitals but only 6 (54.5%) estimate neutrophil count in addition. However only 5 trusts out of these 6 base the diagnosis of SBP on neutrophil count &gt; 250 /mm<sup>3</sup>(0.25 × 10<sup>9 </sup>/L) which is in line with the recomendations of the above guidelines. Remaining use WCC &gt;250 /mm<sup>3 </sup>(0.25 × 10<sup>9 </sup>/L) as the criteria to diagnose SBP. Bedside inoculation of ascitic fluid for culture and sensitivity is practiced in most hospitals (10 of 11, 90.9%). First line antibiotic regimes used are listed in Table 1. All hospitals offer secondary prophylaxis, ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used (8/11, 72.7%). Septrin 960 mg o.d. is recommended in 2 hospitals (18.2%) and a choice of ciprofloxacin, septrin or rifaximin in another. The dose of ciprofloxacin used was also varied – 500 mgs o.d. in 6 hospitals (75%), 250 mgs o.d. in 1 (12.5%) and 250 mgs weekly in 1 hospital (12.5%). Primary prophylaxis is offered in only 2 hospitals (18.2%) based on ascitic fluid albumin concentration of &lt;20 g/L in one or &lt;10 g/L in those patients awaiting orthotropic liver transplant with no prior history of clostridium difficile infection in the other hospital. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is wide variation in practice in hospitals in the North West of England despite national and international guidelines. Varied criteria are used to diagnose SBP with fewer hospitals using ascitic neutrophil count which may lead to overdiagnosis and over use of antibiotics. There is a trend towards using tazocin and augmentin as first line antibiotics in the management of SBP even though the evidence is currently unclear. This probably reflects the underlying fear of Clostridium difficile infection associated with the use of quinolones and cephalosporins. Septrin is sparsely used for secondary prophylaxis despite being the preferred antibiotic of choice in regional liver transplant centre. An update of national guidelines regarding management of SBP including primary prophylaxis is urgently required. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Extraintestinal Manifestations in Patients with Diverticulitis
Authors: SAMUEL KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Three patients had diverticulitis and extraintestinal manifestations of arthritis and pyoderma gangrenosum. In each, a mistaken diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease was first made because of extraintestinal complaints associated with the gastrointestinal symptoms of diverticular disease. The joint and skin manifestations were refractory to various treatments, including oral and intradermal steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and hyperbaric oxygen. Segmental resection of the involved colon promptly and completely resolved all symptoms, without recurrence 26 to 38 months after surgery. Microscopic examination of the resected specimens showed only diverticulitis without any evidence of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with diverticulitis may have extraintestinal manifestations as do patients with other inflammatory diseases of the colon. The failure to recognize this relationship may result in misdiagnosis and prolonged medical therapy, whereas segmental colonic resection may be curative.
Efficacy of Enfuvirtide in Patients Infected with Drug-Resistant HIV-1 in Europe and Australia
Authors: Adriano Lazzarin, Bonaventura Clotet, David Cooper, Jacques Reynes, Keikawus Arastéh, Mark Nelson, Christine Katlama, Hans-Jürgen Stellbrink, Jean-François Delfraissy, Joep Lange, Les Huson, Ralph DeMasi, Cynthia Wat, John Delehanty, Claude Drobnes, Miklos Salgo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The T-20 vs. Optimized Regimen Only Study 2 (TORO 2) compared the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks of treatment with the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide in combination with an optimized background antiretroviral regimen with the efficacy and safety of the optimized background regimen alone.
Effect of peptide histidine isoleucine on water and electrolyte transport in the human jejunum.
Authors: K J Moriarty, J E Hegarty, K Tatemoto, V Mutt, N D Christofides, S R Bloom, J R Wood
Journal: Gut (1984)

Peptide histidine isoleucine, a 27 amino acid peptide with close amino acid sequence homology to vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin, is distributed throughout the mammalian intestinal tract, where it has been localised to intramural neurones. An intestinal perfusion technique has been used to study the effect of intravenous peptide histidine isoleucine (44.5 pmol/kg/min) on water and electrolyte transport from a plasma like electrolyte solution in human jejunum in vivo. Peptide histidine isoleucine infusion produced peak plasma peptide histidine isoleucine concentrations in the range 2000-3000 pmol/l, flushing, tachycardia and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Peptide histidine isoleucine caused a significant inhibition of net absorption of water, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate and induced a net secretion of chloride, these changes being completely reversed during the post-peptide histidine isoleucine period. These findings suggest that endogenous peptide histidine isoleucine may participate in the neurohumoral regulation of water and electrolyte transport in the human jejunum.
Informed Consent to Biomedical Research in Veterans Administration Hospitals
Authors: Henry W. Riecken
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To illuminate the process of obtaining informed consent to research in a medically dependent population, we interviewed 156 patients and 37 physicians involved in research projects at four Veterans Administration hospitals. Most patients knew they were research subjects, had voluntarily consented, and knew the details of their medical treatment, but few understood the research well. Readability analysis indicated that consent forms required college-level education. Twenty-eight percent of patients were not aware of their participation in research although they had signed consent forms. No single act, omission, or personal attribute completely explains this unawareness, but it is associated with incomplete consent forms, the identity of the person explaining the research, the manner of the explanation, and, in some cases, grave illness.Patients and physicians involved in research projects in four Veterans Administration hospitals were interviewed about their experiences with informed consent. Results showed that most patients knew that they were research subjects, had voluntarily consented, and knew details of their medical treatment, but few understood the research well. The nature of the consent forms, the person explaining the research and the manner of explanation, and, in some cases, the degree of illness were factors affecting subjects' awareness.
An Iron Oxide Nanocarrier Loaded with a Pt(IV) Prodrug and Immunostimulatory dsRNA for Combining Complementary Cancer Killing Effects
Authors: Javier Hernández‐Gil, Macarena Cobaleda‐Siles, Aintzane Zabaleta, Luca Salassa, Javier Calvo, Juan C. Mareque‐Rivas
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

There is major current interest in harnessing the immune system against cancer and in developing drugs that provide complementary cancer killing mechanisms. Although the recent advent of nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems has improved the efficacy of platinum drugs for chemotherapy, one of the fundamental paradigms in their design and use is evading surveillance by the immune system to enhance anticancer efficacy. However, new studies are showing that chemotherapy can profit from actively targeting stimulation of the immune system and that suitably functionalized nanomaterials might be ideal for overcoming some key challenges in immunotherapy. Pt(IV) prodrug–modified PEGylated phospholipid micelles that encapsulate biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as a new delivery system for cisplatin are reported. The Pt(IV)–IONPs are functionalized with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C))—a double stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog widely used as an adjuvant in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy. The Pt(IV)–IONPs and poly (I:C)–Pt(IV)–IONPs enhance by more than an order of magnitude the prodrug cytotoxicity in different tumor cells, while greatly increasing the ability of cisplatin and poly (I:C) to activate dendritic cells—the key cellular players in immunotherapy. The results suggest that these constructs hold promise for targeted chemoimmunotherapy.
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatitis A virus infection
Authors: Angelika Vallbracht, Peter Gabriel, Katharina Maier, Franz Hartmann, Hans Jörg Steinhardt, Claudia Müller, Alexis Wolf, Klaus Herbert Manncke, Bertram Flehmig
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

We studied cell-mediated cytotoxicity to hepatitis A virus-infected cells in seven patients with acute type A hepatitis and two controls. Skin fibroblast cultures obtained from the skin biopsies of seven patients after acute hepatitis A virus infection and from two persons without history of current or past hepatitis A virus infection were inoculated with hepatitis A virus. Infection of fibroblast cultures always resulted in an inapparent, persistent infection with production and release of infectious hepatitis A virus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from the same patients at different times after onset of icterus and were stored in liquid nitrogen. Cytolytic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by a microcytotoxicity assay using autologous 51 Cr-labeled hepatitis A virus-infected and uninfected target cells. Cytotoxic peripheral blood lymphocytes capable of lysing autologous hepatitis A virusinfected skin fibroblasts were detected in all patients with hepatitis A but were not demonstrable in the controls without antibodies against hepatitis A virus. The clinical course of the hepatitis A virus infection was normal in five patients; and in these patients, cytolytic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes against hepatitis A virus-infected autologous targets peaked 2 to 3 weeks after onset of icterus. A clinically protracted form of the disease with persistent elevation of aminotransferase for at least 5 months after onset was present in two patients. In these cases, the highest cytolytic activity was demonstrated in peripheral blood lymphocytes collected 8 to 12 weeks after onset of icterus. Natural killer cell activity, as measured by specific lysis of K562 cells, did not show peak activity during the acute or convalescent phases of the disease. Our experimental findings suggest that cytolytic T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis A virus infection.
Renovating acute wards in older hospitals.
Authors: F A Jones
Journal: BMJ (1977)

throughout this period of inquiry and have co-operated to the fullest extent with the unit.To obtain information concerning the inci- dence of ectopic pregnancy it is necessary to use studies which have a very large IUD data base.The pregnancy rate among IUD users is rarely above 4 0 per 100 users per year and the ectopic pregnancy rate has been estimated as being between 1 in 20 and 1 in 30 of these
Evidence-Based Treatment and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction—Reply
Authors: Tomas Jernberg
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Consult Guys - Blindness After Surgery: Can You See the Answer?
Authors: Geno J. Merli, Howard H. Weitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Web Exclusives15 April 2014The Consult Guys - Blindness After Surgery: Can You See the Answer?FREEGeno J. Merli, MD and Howard H. Weitz, MDGeno J. Merli, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Howard H. Weitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G14-3004 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Consult Guys bring a new perspective to the art and science of medicine with lively discussion and analysis of real-world cases and situations.For more videos from and information on The Consult Guys, visit www.annals.org/ConsultGuys. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Neil MehtaCleveland Clinic3 June 2014 CRAO - besides being unilateral - would usually have some fundus findings Right after 4.00 minutes on the video you discuss that CRAO is unlikely as it is usually unilateral. It would have been helpful to comment on the fact that the fundus examination was normal and what impact that had on the likelihood of this being CRAO (or not).http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17460582 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: Geno J. Merli, MD, reports the following: Research grants/contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, sanofi-aventis; Consultancies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, sanofi-aventis. Howard H. Weitz, MD, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 2014Volume 160, Issue 8Page: CG4KeywordsBlindnessConflicts of interestResearch grantsResearch reporting guidelinesSurgery ePublished: 15 April 2014 Issue Published: 15 April 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Price of blood.
Authors: A. J. Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1968)

foetal abnormality, is praiseworthy.But who can delude himself that these will be the main problems ?The majority will consist of per- fectly healthy women who are pregnant, in or out of wedlock, and who want to be rid of the baby.It is piously stated that " a doctor-patient relationship will be created and the doctor will then advise."What in fact will happen in these cases is that the woman will tell the doctor what she wants -an abortion, with the threat that if not she will go out of her mind and possibly kill her- self.I have, indeed, already had a request on these lines from a woman who believed the Act was already in force.She did not get her request, but I was told that she knew of others in similar circumstances, but nearer London, whose doctors had been more obliging.It must be admitted that without the word " grave " there is more strain and risk men- tally and physically in bearing a child and caring for it,-but I am sure the Act was not originated to relieve people of their responsibilities.If it was the idea that abortion is preferable to an unwanted child, then go ahead, abort, but do not be under any mis- conception that it is the doctor's decision.It is the woman's decision, and the doctor merely helps her carry it out.Abortion on demand ?Certainly, and without payment.
Psychiatrist vilified by UK newspapers is cleared of all charges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A psychiatrist who was accused in the tabloid press of wrongly diagnosing mental illness in mothers so that social services could take their babies away has been cleared of all charges by the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

George Hibbert, dubbed “the doctor who broke up families” in a front page story by the Daily Mail , ran Tadpole Cottage, a private centre in Wiltshire where mothers were sent with their babies for assessment of their parenting abilities.

In a case that echoed that of the child protection paediatrician David Southall, the newspaper took up the cases of mothers whose babies had been taken into care through the courts on Hibbert’s recommendation. The Daily Telegraph also ran similar stories.

The case took five and a …
Marcus Gunn phenomenon associated with synkinetic oculopalpebral movements.
Authors: S H Mosavy, M Horiat
Journal: BMJ (1976)

no improvement was observed in the other two patients in whom the G4CO2 breath output was normal.The response to 14C-GCA became normal after antibiotics (table II).The one patient (case 19) in whom faecal 14C output was raised had failed to respond to an earlier course of cholestyramine.