tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis: Effect of Interactive Communication Between Collaborating Primary Care Physicians and Specialists
Authors: Robbie Foy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Whether collaborative care models that enable interactive communication (timely, 2-way exchange of pertinent clinical information directly between primary care and specialist physicians) improve patient outcomes is uncertain. Purpose: To assess the effects of interactive communication between collaborating primary care physicians and key specialists on outcomes for patients receiving ambulatory care. Data Sources: PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Web of Science through June 2008 and secondary references, with no language restriction. Study Selection: Studies that evaluated the effects of interactive communication between collaborating primary care physicians and specialists on outcomes for patients with diabetes, psychiatric conditions, or cancer. Data Extraction: Contextual, intervention, and outcome data from 23 studies were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Study quality was assessed with a 13-item checklist. Disagreement was resolved by consensus. Main outcomes for analysis were selected by reviewers who were blinded to study results. Data Synthesis: Meta-analysis indicated consistent effects across 11 randomized mental health studies (pooled effect size, −0.41 [95% CI, −0.73 to −0.10]), 7 nonrandomized mental health studies (pooled effect size, −0.47 [CI, −0.84 to −0.09]), and 5 nonrandomized diabetes studies (pooled effect size, −0.64 [CI, −0.93 to −0.34]). These findings remained robust to sensitivity analyses. Meta-regression indicated studies that included interventions to enhance the quality of information exchange had larger effects on patient outcomes than those that did not (−0.84 vs. −0.27; P = 0.002). Limitations: Because collaborative interventions were inherently multifaceted, the efficacy of interactive communication by itself cannot be established. Inclusion of study designs with lower internal validity increased risk for bias. No studies involved oncologists. Conclusion: Consistent and clinically important effects suggest a potential role of interactive communication for improving the effectiveness of primary care–specialist collaboration. Primary Funding Source: RAND Health's Comprehensive Assessment of Reform Options Initiative, the Veterans Affairs Center for the Study of Provider Behavior, The Commonwealth Fund, and the Health Foundation.
Food, Micronutrients, and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Parul Christian, Robert E. Black
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Useful distraction: Ritualized behavior as an opportunity for recalibration
Authors: John L. Orrock
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Responding to potential hazards is likely to require precaution-related recalibration, the extensive integration of complex variables related to inferred risk and fitness. By swamping working memory with goal-demoted actions and focusing recalibration on the inferred threat, ritualized behaviors may serve to increase the efficacy of precaution-related recalibration. This benefit may be an important mechanism maintaining non-pathological ritualized behavior.
440 Increased TGFβ1 secretion via down-regulating NKG2D killer activator receptor expression results in impaired natural killer cell activity in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis
Authors: G. Par, T. Berki, L. Palinkas, L. Szereday, M. Halasz, J. Szekeres-Bartho, A. Miseta, G. Hegedíís, Zs. Fausts, Gy. Mozsik, B. Hunyady, A. Par
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Re: Mette Saksø Mortensen, Jakob Lauritsen, Maria Gry Gundgaard, et al. A Nationwide Cohort Study of Stage I Seminoma Patients Followed on a Surveillance Program. Eur Urol 2014;66:1172–8
Authors: Jorge Aparicio, Pablo Maroto, Javier Sastre, José R. Germà
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Thirty NHS trusts to merge
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The rundown of the NHS internal market in England will gather pace next year, with an accelerated programme of mergers between health care trusts.

So far it is proposed that 30 trusts should merge in April 1998, compared with only a handful in the past two years. A further reduction of the 420 NHS trusts created by the Conservatives is planned. Fewer …
Endogenous knockdown of survivin improves chemotherapeutic response in ALL models
Authors: D J Morrison, L E Hogan, G Condos, T Bhatla, N Germino, N P Moskowitz, L Lee, D Bhojwani, T M Horton, I Belitskaya-Levy, L M Greenberger, I D Horak, S A Grupp, D T Teachey, E A Raetz, W L Carroll
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
P1-04-04: Focal Adhesion Kinase Plays a Major Role in the Regulation of Human Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Stem Cell Activity.
Authors: KE Williams, NJ Bundred, G Farnie
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the regulation of normal mammary stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs) within mouse models. FAK is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancers but its role in human CSCs is not known. We aimed to investigate the role of FAK in human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) stem cells (SCs). We have used PF573228 to inhibit FAK activity in SUM225 (HER2−overexpressing) and MCF10DCIS.com (HER2−normal) DCIS cell lines. PF573228 inhibits the autophosphorylation of FAK at tyrosine 397 causing inactivation. Western blot analysis confirmed PF573228 (0.1-5 μM) caused a dose dependent inhibition of FAK activity in both cell lines. The in vitro mammosphere colony assay was used to measure CSC activity in both DCIS cell lines and primary DCIS samples (n=5) (LREC#01/012). Mammosphere-forming efficiency (MFE) was calculated as percentage colony formation (&amp;gt;60μm) in the presence or absence of PF573228 (0.1-5μM). MFE was reduced in both the SUM225 cell line (p=0.02) and in the MCF10DCIS.com cell line (p=0.04) by PF573228 at a dose concentration of ≥0.1 μM (see Table 1). PF573228 (1 μM) also reduced mammosphere formation in human primary DCIS cells (n=5) by 18.1±5.75% when compared to control (p=0.03). To measure the effect of PF573228 on DCIS SC self-renewal capacity we performed secondary generation mammosphere colony assays. Primary generation mammospheres that had been treated with PF573228 (0.1-5μM) were dissociated into a single cell suspension and reseeded out into mammosphere culture conditions with no additional PF573228. The mammosphere regeneration ratio (MRR) was calculated as the proportion of secondary mammospheres formed relative to the number of primary mammospheres. MRR was reduced in both the SUM225 (p=0.005) and MCF10DCIS. com (p=0.001) cell lines after treatment with ≥0.5μM or ≥1.0μM PF573228 respectively (see Table 2). Preliminary data in human primary DCIS cells (n=1) also shows a reduction in MRR, from 0.56 to 0.14 with 0.5μM PF573228. These results suggest that CSC self-renewal capacity is reduced by FAK inhibition. We conclude that FAK signalling is important in human DCIS SC activity measured by mammosphere growth and regeneration. Targeting FAK in the treatment of DCIS may reduce disease recurrence and improve patient outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-04.
The challenge of reducing neonatal mortality in middle-income countries: findings from three Brazilian birth cohorts in 1982, 1993, and 2004
Authors: Fernando C Barros, Cesar G Victora, Aluisio JD Barros, Ina S Santos, Elaine Albernaz, Alicia Matijasevich, Marlos R Domingues, Iândora KT Sclowitz, Pedro C Hallal, Mariângela F Silveira, J Patrick Vaughan
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
The lethal effects of cytokine-induced nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes are blocked by nitric oxide synthase antagonism or transforming growth factor beta.
Authors: D J Pinsky, B Cai, X Yang, C Rodriguez, R R Sciacca, P J Cannon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Inducible nitric oxide (NO) produced by macrophages is cytotoxic to invading organisms and has an important role in host defense. Recent studies have demonstrated inducible NO production within the heart, and that cytokine-induced NO mediates alterations in cardiac contractility, but the cytotoxic potential of nitric oxide with respect to the heart has not been defined. To evaluate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on cardiac myocyte cytotoxicity, we exposed adult rat cardiac myocytes to either cytokines alone or to activated J774 macrophages in coculture. Increased expression of both iNOS message and protein was seen in J774 macrophages treated with IFN gamma and LPS and cardiac myocytes treated with TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IFN gamma. Increased NO synthesis was confirmed in both the coculture and isolated myocyte preparations by increased nitrite production. Increased NO synthesis was associated with a parallel increase in myocyte death as measured by CPK release into the culture medium as well as by loss of membrane integrity, visualized by trypan blue staining. Addition of the competitive NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA to the culture medium prevented both the increased nitrite production and the cytotoxicity observed after cytokine treatment in both the isolated myocyte and the coculture experiments. Because transforming growth-factor beta modulates iNOS expression in other cell types, we evaluated its effects on cardiac myocyte iNOS expression and NO-mediated myocyte cytotoxicity. TGF-beta reduced expression of cardiac myocyte iNOS message and protein, reduced nitrite production, and reduced NO-mediated cytotoxicity in parallel. Taken together, these experiments show the cytotoxic potential of endogenous NO production within the heart, and suggest a role for TGF-beta or NO synthase antagonists to mute these lethal effects. These findings may help explain the cardiac response to sepsis or allograft rejection, as well as the progression of dilated cardiomyopathies of diverse etiologies.
Changes in the seroprevalence of IgG anti-hepatitis A virus between 2001 and 2013: experience at a single center in Korea
Authors: Sung Jun Chung, Tae Yeob Kim, Sun Min Kim, Min Roh, Mi Yeon Yu, Jung Hoon Lee, ChangKyo Oh, Eun Young Lee, Seung Lee, Yong Cheol Jeon, Kyo-Sang Yoo, Joo Hyun Sohn
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

The incidence of symptomatic hepatitis A reportedly increased among 20- to 40-year-old Korean during the late 2000s. Vaccination against hepatitis A was commenced in the late 1990s and was extended to children aged <10 years. In the present study we analyzed the changes in the seroprevalence of IgG anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) over the past 13 years.Overall, 4903 subjects who visited our hospital between January 2001 and December 2013 were studied. The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV was analyzed according to age and sex. In addition, the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV was compared among 12 age groups and among the following time periods: early 2000s (2001-2003), mid-to-late 2000s (2006-2008), and early 2010s (2011-2013). The chi-square test for trend was used for statistical analysis.The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV did not differ significantly between the sexes. Furthermore, compared to the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV in the early 2000s and mid-to-late 2000s, that in the early 2010s was markedly increased among individuals aged 1-14 years and decreased among those aged 25-44 years (P<0.01). We also found that the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV in individuals aged 25-44 years in the early 2010s was lower than that in the early 2000s and mid-to-late 2000s.The number of symptomatic HAV infection cases in Korea is decreasing, but the seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV is low in the active population.
Threshold of Biologic Responses of the Small Airway Epithelium to Low Levels of Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Yael Strulovici-Barel, Larsson Omberg, Michael O'Mahony, Cynthia Gordon, Charleen Hollmann, Ann E. Tilley, Jacqueline Salit, Jason Mezey, Ben-Gary Harvey, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Epidemiologic data demonstrate that individuals exposed to low levels of tobacco smoke have decrements in lung function and higher risk for lung disease compared with unexposed individuals. Although this risk is small, low-level tobacco smoke exposure is so widespread, it is a significant public health concern.To identify biologic correlates of this risk we hypothesized that, compared with unexposed individuals, individuals exposed to low levels of tobacco smoke have biologic changes in the small airway epithelium, the site of the first abnormalities associated with smoking.Small airway epithelium was obtained by bronchoscopy from 121 individuals; microarrays were used to assess genome-wide gene expression; urine nicotine and cotinine were used to categorize subjects as "nonsmokers," "active smokers," and "low exposure." Gene expression data were used to determine the threshold and induction half maximal level (ID₅₀) of urine nicotine and cotinine at which the small airway epithelium showed abnormal responses.There was no threshold of urine nicotine without a small airway epithelial response, and only slightly above detectable urine cotinine threshold with a small airway epithelium response. The ID₅₀ for nicotine was 25 ng/ml and for cotinine it was 104 ng/ml.The small airway epithelium detects and responds to low levels of tobacco smoke with transcriptome modifications. This provides biologic correlates of epidemiologic studies linking low-level tobacco smoke exposure to lung health risk, identifies the genes most sensitive to tobacco smoke, and defines thresholds at which the lung epithelium responds to low levels of tobacco smoke.
The Cost of Topical Drugs for Dermatophyte Infections
Authors: Irwin Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The recent article, A Cost Analysis of Topical Drug Regimens for Dermatophyte Infections, by Drs Chren and Landefeld, 1 which includes the  available effective drugs fails to take into serious consideration what many know to be a quite effective topical remedy, especially for tinea versicolor as well as tinea pedis—sodium hypochlorite. This comes in a 5% solution as Clorox at $0.89 per gallon at your corner grocery store. It is used at one part Clorox to four parts of water for tinea versicolor and at slightly stronger concentrations for tinea pedis and onychomycosis.
Smoking and Pregnancy
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tissue oxygenation and muscular substrate turnover in two subjects with high hemoglobin oxygen affinity.
Authors: B Wranne, G Berlin, L Jorfeldt, N Lund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Oxygen transport to and substrate turnover in leg muscle were studied at rest and during light and heavy upright bicycle exercise in two brothers with a hereditary hemoglobinopathy associated with high oxygen affinity (P50 = 13 mmHg). Femoral venous oxygen tension was below normal and femoral venous oxygen saturation above normal at rest and during exercise. Thus, the arterial-femoral venous oxygen saturation difference was decreased. Despite a compensatory increase in hemoglobin concentration, the arterial-femoral venous oxygen content difference tended to be below normal at heavy exercise. Approximately 25% of the oxygen was delivered via the abnormal hemoglobin at relative heavy exercise. Arterial lactate levels, lactate release, and muscle lactate concentration were not increased at any level of exercise. Glucose, alanine, pyruvate, and glycerol turnover were essentially normal, but the glycogen and creatine phosphate stores were abnormally depleted at the termination of heavy exercise. The exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) was normal, indicating that myocardial oxygenation was adequate. Muscle-surface oxygen pressure fields were normal at rest (not investigated during exercise). It is concluded that the high oxygen affinity of the hemoglobin in our two subjects did not lead to heart or skeletal muscle hypoxia during heavy exercise, as judged from the ECG and from the leg lactate turnover. Despite the lack of evidence for muscle hypoxia, the subjects experienced leg muscle fatigue and the creatine phosphate and glycogen stores were depleted more than normally.
Cancer Survivorship Care: Don't Let the Perfect Be the Enemy of the Good
Authors: Craig C. Earle, Patricia A. Ganz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

It has now been more than 5 years since the Institute of Medicine (IOM) laid out its bold vision of comprehensive survivorship care. Although there is clearly more attention paid to this phase of the cancer journey than previously, implementation of the IOM recommendations has proved difficult. In this article, we review some of the challenges to providing survivorship care and discuss efforts to prioritize the most essential elements.
Metastatic Calcinosis in Small Cell Ovarian Carcinoma, Hypercalcemic Type
Authors: Irfan M. Farukhi, William A. Erdman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type, can lead to metastatic calcinosis—the deposition of calcium in the alkaline walls of acid-secreting organs. The disease primarily affects young women and its course is rapidly progressive and invariably fatal. There is typically no elevation in parathormone levels noted, however, as increased serum calcium levels are the result of a paraendocrine phenomenon. Metastatic calcinosis can be seen when the calcium × phosphorous product exceeds 60 mg/dL. Precipitation of resultant calcium salts occurs in organs such as the stomach, kidneys, and lungs.
Leukocyte engagement of fibrin(ogen) via the integrin receptor αMβ2/Mac-1 is critical for host inflammatory response in vivo
Authors: Matthew J. Flick, XinLi Du, David P. Witte, Markéta Jiroušková, Dmitry A. Soloviev, Steven J. Busuttil, Edward F. Plow, Jay L. Degen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The leukocyte integrin alpha(M)beta(2)/Mac-1 appears to support the inflammatory response through multiple ligands, but local engagement of fibrin(ogen) may be particularly important for leukocyte function. To define the biological significance of fibrin(ogen)-alpha(M)beta(2) interaction in vivo, gene-targeted mice were generated in which the alpha(M)beta(2)-binding motif within the fibrinogen gamma chain (N(390)RLSIGE(396)) was converted to a series of alanine residues. Mice carrying the Fibgamma(390-396A) allele maintained normal levels of fibrinogen, retained normal clotting function, supported platelet aggregation, and never developed spontaneous hemorrhagic events. However, the mutant fibrinogen failed to support alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated adhesion of primary neutrophils, macrophages, and alpha(M)beta(2)-expressing cell lines. The elimination of the alpha(M)beta(2)-binding motif on fibrin(ogen) severely compromised the inflammatory response in vivo as evidenced by a dramatic impediment in leukocyte clearance of Staphylococcus aureus inoculated into the peritoneal cavity. This defect in bacterial clearance was due not to diminished leukocyte trafficking but rather to a failure to fully implement antimicrobial functions. These studies definitively demonstrate that fibrin(ogen) is a physiologically relevant ligand for alpha(M)beta(2), integrin engagement of fibrin(ogen) is critical to leukocyte function and innate immunity in vivo, and the biological importance of fibrinogen in regulating the inflammatory response can be appreciated outside of any alteration in clotting function.
Vamsi Mootha: Taking an inventory of mitochondria
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Text and Interview by Hema Bashyam

Combining his medical training with his love of computational biology, Mootha is compiling an exhaustive list of mitochondrial genes and networks.

Mitochondria, the energy reactors of the cell, are estimated to contain approximately 1,500 proteins, but the
Anatomical mapping of epidermal Langerhans cell densities in adults
Authors: B. BERMAN, V. L. CHEN, D. S. FRANCE, W. I. DOTZ, G. PETRONI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Anatomical mapping of epidermal Langerhans cell densities in adults Get access B. BERMAN, B. BERMAN Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, U. S. A. Dr Brian Berman, Dermatology Service, V. A. Medical Center, 150 Muir Road, Martinez, CA 94553, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. L. CHEN, V. L. CHEN Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. S. FRANCE, D. S. FRANCE Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. I. DOTZ, W. I. DOTZ Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. PETRONI G. PETRONI Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, U. S. A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue 5, 1 November 1983, Pages 553–558, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb07678.x Published: 01 November 1983 Article history Accepted: 15 March 1983 Published: 01 November 1983