tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of SnoN and Ski is increased in renal fibrosis induced by obstructive injury
Authors: H. Fukasawa, T. Yamamoto, A. Togawa, N. Ohashi, Y. Fujigaki, T. Oda, C. Uchida, K. Kitagawa, T. Hattori, S. Suzuki, M. Kitagawa, A. Hishida
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression
Authors: S. UTHAYAKUMAR, R. NANDWANI, T. DRINKWATER, A.T. NAYAGAM, C.R. DARLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A cross-sectional study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who attended the HIV clinic in Brighton over a 4-month period was carried out to describe the prevalence and severity of skin manifestations in HIV-positive patients and to elucidate their association with the peripheral CD4 cell count and with the HIV disease stage. The subjects were consecutively examined by an experienced dermatologist. Skin manifestations were classified into infections, dermatoses, pruritus and neoplasm. A severity index was derived by scoring each condition as either absent, mild, moderate or severe. One hundred and fifty-one patients were enrolled with a mean age of 38.3 years. One hundred and thirty-nine were homo/bisexual men; 58 were asymptomatic and 35 had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); 37 had CD4 counts below 200. Skin conditions were present in 138 of the 151 subjects (91.4%). The total number of events was 331. The most frequent problem was infection followed by dermatoses, pruritus and malignancy. The most frequent condition was seborrhoeic eczema followed by tinea and xerosis. We have demonstrated a statistically significant association between CD4 count, disease stage and skin manifestations in HIV-positive individuals.
Effects of Nutrition on Unconjugated Plasma Bilirubin Concentrations in Squirrel Monkeys†
Authors: Oscar W. Portman, Manfred Alexander, Charles E. Cornelius, Jayanta Roy Chowdhury, Namita Roy Chowdhury, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Bolivian squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ) have fasting unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (males: 2.0 ± 0.14; females: 3.0 ± 0.26 mg per dl) which resembles that of humans with Gilbert's syndrome. Closely related Brazilian squirrel monkeys have fasting levels (males: 0.29 ± 0.045; females: 0.36 ± 0.073 mg per dl) similar to normal people. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying mechanisms and the nutritional factors involved. Both Bolivian and Brazilian squirrel monkeys had higher plasma bilirubin concentrations after an 18 hr fast than 4 hr after feeding. The development of fasting hyperbilirubinemia was progressive for at least 24 hr. Both populations that received a semipurified diet containing 5% fat had lower fasting and postprandial plasma bilirubin concentrations than did animals receiving 0.3% fat but much lower than those receiving 20% fat. The emulsified complete meal, or glucose, sucrose, casein, or lactalbumin alone when given by intragastric tube lowered the plasma bilirubin levels of Bolivian monkeys to less than one-half of fasting values within 1 to 4 hr. Water or butter did not have a significant effect. Glucose or fructose, when given intravenously, lowered the plasma bilirubin levels to less than half of fasting values; the fat emulsion, Intralipid, did not have a statistically significant effect. Subcutaneous epinephrine increased plasma glucose concentrations and reduced plasma bilirubin concentrations. When glucose or glucose plus butter were given by stomach tube to Bolivian squirrel monkeys for 48 hr, a very low plasma bilirubin concentration resulted whereas butter given alone resulted in high values. Fasting Bolivian squirrel monkeys had impaired plasma clearance of [ 3 H]bilirubin; intravenous glucose normalized the pattern. Glucose administration markedly increased excretion of bilirubin into bile. Glucose or bilirubin given intravenously or sucrose administered by gastric tube lowered plasma bile acid concentrations. The complete ration or fat given alone by gastric tube raised plasma bile acid concentrations. Thus carbohydrate, but not fat, lowered fasting hyperbilirubinemia and increased bilirubin excretion in Bolivian squirrel monkeys. Exogenous glucose may increase the availability of UDP-glucuronate for hepatic conjugation of bilirubin in the fasting subject.
Clinical, demographic and histopathological features of symmetrical acral keratoderma
Authors: C.-X. Li, C.-L. Han, K. Zeng, X.-B. Zhang, Z.-L. Ma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

A series of cases of symmetrical acral keratoderma have been described recently in China. However, no studies about its demographic information and epidermal barrier function have been documented.To describe the clinical manifestation, demographic information and clinicopathological features of 71 cases with symmetrical acral keratoderma.Seventy-one cases with symmetrical acral keratoderma were retrospectively reviewed. Their demographic information, clinical manifestations, histopathology and epidermal barrier function were analysed.Among these patients, there were 64 males and seven females, ranging in age from 4 to 53 years with an average age at onset of 27 ± 8·9 years. Clinical manifestation was characterized by brown hyperkeratotic patches over the dorsum of the hands, palms and feet, dorsal digits and wrists, elbows, knees and ankles. The lesions became dramatically whitish with mild swelling immediately after soaking in water and resolved spontaneously in winter. In patients, a moderate increase of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) from 16·16 ± 6·15 to 9·9 ± 4·21 g m(-2) h(-1) (P = 0·0054) and a moderate decrease of skin hydration from 65·9 ± 5·06 to 42·58 ± 10·73 (P < 0·01) in comparison with the control group were observed. Histopathological examination revealed epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and papillomatous hyperplasia as well as dermal infiltration with a few lymphocytes.Symmetrical acral keratoderma is characterized by symmetry, acra, keratinization and marked seasonal changes. The epidermal barrier function of the skin was negatively affected.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE MOUTH, PHARYNX, AND LARYNX BY LOCAL APPLICATION OF ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS
Authors: A. Eidinow
Journal: BMJ (1933)

ME[ BCJITISUR Lfrequent failure of the physician to recognize cancer of the stomach sufficiently early for the surgeon to effect a cure will in the future be immaterial, owing to the success of the-practitioner in preventing its development.
Hepatitis A: A Potentially Serious Disease
Authors: Seminur Haznedaroglu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 September 1998Hepatitis A: A Potentially Serious DiseaseSeminur Haznedaroglu, MD, Esin Ozyilkan, MD, and Yasar Karaaslan, MDSeminur Haznedaroglu, MDFatih University School of Medicine; Ankara, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author, Esin Ozyilkan, MDFatih University School of Medicine; Ankara, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author, and Yasar Karaaslan, MDFatih University School of Medicine; Ankara, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Willner and coworkers [1] reported on 256 patients with acute hepatitis A virus infection [1]. They observed 5 deaths caused by complications of fulminant hepatic failure. One of the decedents was a 23-year-old man who developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome and died of cardiac arrest.We describe a 16-year-old girl with acute hepatitis A who developed fulminant hepatic failure, followed by the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and died of cardiac arrest. The patient was completely healthy until November 1997, when she was admitted to our hospital with fever, jaundice, and nausea. On admission, her body temperature ...References1. Willner IR, Uhl MD, Howard SC, Williams EQ, Riely CA, Waters B. Serious hepatitis A: an analysis of patients hospitalized during an urban epidemic in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:111-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fatih University School of Medicine; Ankara, Turkey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcute liver failure in children: observations in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil 15 September 1998Volume 129, Issue 6Page: 506KeywordsAcute liver failureAcute respiratory distress syndromeBacterial diseasesBilirubinHeartHepatitis AHepatitis A virusLiverProthrombin timeUltrasound imaging ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
UK government sets up inquiry into premature deaths in people with learning disabilities
Authors: J. Snell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK government has announced that it is setting up a confidential inquiry into premature deaths among people with learning disabilities to provide evidence for clinical staff and improve commissioning.

The NHS is one of the key priorities in the Valuing People Now report, a cross governmental strategy aimed at improving the lives of one of society’s most excluded groups.

In the report, published on Monday, the government accepts all 10 recommendations made by Jonathan Michael, former chief executive of Guy’s and St Thomas’s Hospital, after his independent inquiry last year into access to health care for people with learning disabilities.

These include the introduction of mandatory …
Treatment of Childhood Leukemias
Authors: Allan J. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have read with great interest "New Treatment Schedule With Improved Survival in Childhood Leukemia" (<b>194</b>:75, 1965) and wish to compliment the cooperative group on an excellent study stressing improved results with intermittent parenteral administration of methotrexate (amethopterin). The authors have been guarded in their conclusions regarding the induction phase of the study and state that "no superiority [of combined vincristine and prednisone] is claimed over combined administration of prednisone and mercaptopurine...." We wish to submit the following data which support this statement and indicate that oral administration of mercaptopurine (Purinethol) (Purinethol) or methotrexate combined with prednisone induced initial remission in the same percentage of children as did vincristine and prednisone in the reported study. In a recently completed study conducted by Group A, the accompanying results were obtained in children initially treated for acute lymphoblastic and acute undifferentiated leukemia with the specified drug combinations given
Special diets in hospitals: discrepancy between what is prescribed and what is eaten.
Authors: G J Davies, E Evans, A Stock, J Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1975)

An assessment has been made in four hospitals of the food eaten by 40 patients on special diets restricted in energy, carbohydrate, fat, protein, or sodium. The diets eaten by most patients were significantly different from those prescribed, partly because of patients' unrestricted access to food they possessed or could buy in the ward, but mainly because of the extra or alternative foods provided by ward staff. Not only may the patients, progress be prevented or hindered by excessive consumption but also the lack of progress may be interpreted as indicating that the dietary treatment has failed rather than that it has not been followed.
Distinct domains of syntaxin are required for synaptic vesicle fusion complex formation and dissociation
Authors: Yun Kee, Richard C Lin, Shu-Chan Hsu, Richard H Scheller
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Membrane fusion resulting in neurotransmitter secretion forms the basis of neural communication. Three multimeric complexes of the protein syntaxin are important in this process: syntaxin and n-sec1; syntaxin, VAMP, and SNAP-25; and syntaxin, VAMP, SNAP-25, alpha SNAP, and NSF (20S complex). In this report, we demonstrate that unique, yet overlapping, domains of syntaxin are required to form these complexes. The formation of higher order heteromultimers has a set of structural requirements distinct from those required for dimeric interactions. Dissociation of the 20S complex by NSF following ATP hydrolysis requires amino-terminal regions of syntaxin that are outside of the binding domains for the 20S constituent proteins. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that conformational changes in syntaxin, resulting from protein-protein interactions and ATP hydrolysis by NSF, mediate neurotransmitter release.
Role of sodium in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: K Lindpaintner, S Sen
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Cardiac hypertrophy in systemic hypertension may not result simply from increased afterload. Previous studies indicate that factors other than blood pressure may influence cardiac hypertrophy. We evaluated the effects of dietary sodium restriction in two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive rats. After the renal artery had been clipped, the rats received a normal diet until hypertension was established; thereafter, a sodium-deficient diet was instituted in one group. Clipped rats on a regular diet had significantly higher systolic blood pressures than sham-operated controls (205 +/- 9 vs. 129 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively). Sodium restriction did not reverse hypertension (190 +/- 8 mm Hg), but led to a significant reduction of relative heart weight compared to rats on the normal diet (2.94 +/- 0.24 vs. 3.86 +/- 0.23 mg/g, respectively; P less than 0.01). The hypertrophied hearts of animals on the regular diet showed depressed tissue catecholamines (significant only for norepinephrine); sodium restriction resulted in a restoration to normal levels. Thus, we demonstrated a dissociation of blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in the two-kidney one-clip model, similar to previous findings in other models. Our results support the concept that factors other than blood pressure contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Dietary sodium intake appears to be one such factor. In addition, a possible role of the sympathetic nervous system is suggested.
Phillip Vallentine Tobias
Authors: K. Somers
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Phillip Vallentine Tobias is best remembered as the paleoanthropologist who identified hominid sites in Africa. Having completed his medical studies he pursued preference for a scientific rather than a clinical career. Over the years his department became the world centre for research on fossil hominids and human evolution attracting post-graduate students from many parts of …
P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs.
Authors: A H Schinkel, E Wagenaar, C A Mol, L van Deemter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The mouse mdr1a (also called mdr3) P-GP is abundant in the blood-brain barrier, and its absence in mdr1a (-/-) mice leads to highly increased levels of the drugs ivermectin, vinblastine, digoxin, and cyclosporin A in the brain. We show here that the drugs loperamide, domperidone, and ondansetron are transported substrates for the mouse mdr1a P-GP and its human homologue MDR1. Phenytoin is a relatively weaker substrate for each, and the drugs haloperidol, clozapine, and flunitrazepam are transported hardly or not at all. Tissue distribution studies demonstrated that the relative brain penetration of radiolabeled ondansetron and loperamide (and their metabolites) is increased four- and sevenfold, respectively, in mdr1a (-/-) mice. A pilot toxicity study with oral loperamide showed that this peripherally acting antidiarrheal agent gains potent opiatelike activity in the central nervous system of mdr1a (-/-) mice. mdr1a (-/-) mice also showed increased sensitivity to neurolepticlike side effects of oral domperidone. These results point to the possible role that the drug-transporting P-GP(s) may play in the clinical use of many drugs, especially those with potential targets in the central nervous system.
Gastrointestinal Radiology in Pediatrics
Authors: James E. Crowe
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is the first complete radiology textbook dealing exclusively with the gastrointestinal tract of infants and children that has been published in this country since 1959. Individual chapters take up each segment of the intestinal tract, and there are sections on the abdomen and peritoneal cavity, the liver and biliary tract, and the pancreas. The final chapter, contributed by Dr. Eugene Klatte, is devoted to a brief discussion of the technical aspects of visceral angiographic procedures. Current references (some as recent as 1974) follow each chapter and are subdivided according to individual topics. The vast majority of the more than 400 illustrations are of good quality. This is a notable achievement when one takes into account the difficulties involved in obtaining highquality roentgenograms of the intestinal tract in young children. Excellent clinical and pathophysiological material is included. A few minor omissions include the following: The importance of a preliminary film
Inhibitors of Protein KinasesCGP 41251, a Protein Kinase Inhibitor with Potential as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Doriano Fabbro, Elisabeth Buchdunger, Jeannette Wood, Jürgen Mestan, Francesco Hofmann, Stefano Ferrari, Helmut Mett, Terence O’Reilly, Thomas Meyer
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999)
Mission, vision, and values statements in healthcare: what are they for?
Authors: N. Moghal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Healthcare organisations, probably the world over but certainly in the UK, have aped corporate behaviour in other sectors in establishing statements of mission, vision, and values that purport to describe why they exist and set aspirational direction. Their statements can be found on websites in the “about us” section, in glossy annual reports, on posters staring at you as you wait in the emergency department, on headed paper, and maybe even on corporate mugs. Some if not all of these statements will have been the result of earnest and meaningful executive and non-executive soul searching on away days.

What is the primary purpose of a healthcare provider? Why does a healthcare provider exist? To coin a phrase, “To provide healthcare, stupid.” Who provides that healthcare? “The clinicians, stupid.” Do the clinicians need mission, vision, and values statements to remind them why they do what they do, why they come to work, and why they exist? Perhaps. After all, there seem to be enough examples of troubled services that would be served by a mission statement to remind staff why they are there.

A review of one region’s collection of mission, vision, and values statements, filtered through a word cloud application, which gives …
Intraspinal Tumors of Childhood
Authors: Wallace B. Hamby
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Since the incidence of spinal cord tumors is roughly 1:5 in relation to intracranial tumors in adults, and perhaps 1:15 or 1:20 in children, few clinicians, or indeed neurosurgeons, ever develop a large personal experience with these lesions in children. This monograph provides a valuable concentration of widely scattered information about them, and presents detailed histories of 72 of the author's cases. The book is divided into 21 chapters, 19 of which discuss 8 groups of tumors of 24 different histological categories. Such complexity makes it difficult in a brief review to do justice to the material, which the authors have used very wisely. They emphasize that early diagnosis is necessary to prevent severe neurologic disability. This would be insured if every clinician promptly investigated the possibility of such lesions in children who have weak or painful legs or curving spines. The requisite diagnostic studies are outlined, and the authors
Polymorphisms of the human platelet alloantigens HPA‐1, HPA‐2, HPA‐3, and HPA‐4 in ischemic stroke
Authors: Sarra Saidi, Touhami Mahjoub, Lamia B. Slamia, Sofyan B. Ammou, Abeer M. Al‐Subaie, Wassim Y. Almawi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Polymorphism in human platelet antigen (HPA)-1 and HPA-3 (GPIIb/IIIa), HPA-2 (GPIb/IX), HPA-4 (GPIIIa), and HPA-5 (GPIa/IIa) was investigated in 329 stroke patients and 444 matched control subjects. HPA genotyping was done by PCR-SSP method. Lower HPA-1a (P < 0.001) and higher HPA-1b (P < 0.001) allele frequencies were seen in patients than control subjects, and homozygosity for HPA-1b (P < 0.001) alleles was more prevalent in stroke cases than in controls. The allele and genotype distributions of the other HPA polymorphic variants were similar between cases and controls. Select HPA combined genotypes comprising the 2121 (Pc = 0.008) and 2221 (Pc = 0.018) genotypes, which were positively associated, and the 1111 (Pc < 0.001), which was negatively associated with stroke, thereby conferred a disease susceptibility and protective nature to these genotype combinations. Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative association of the 1111 (P < 0.001) and the positive association of the 2121 (P = 0.017) combined genotypes with stroke, after adjustment for a number of covariates. This is the first evidence demonstrating differential association of the common 4 HPA gene variants and specific HPA genotype combinations with stroke.
Polyhydramnios in Anencephaly
Authors: John Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In a newborn infant with esophageal stenosis and atresia extending 9 cm, the amniotic fluid volume was found to be normal, yet this infant could not possibly have swallowed. In a case of anencephaly in which the infant had partial esophageal atresia and stenosis extending 1 cm, the infant swallowed sodium diatrizoate (Hypaque Sodium) injected into the amnion, yet the mother had polyhydramnios. Two more cases of anencephaly are presented in which the infants swallowed radiopaque media, yet both mothers had polyhydramnios. These findings emphasize that polyhydramnios is a complex phenomenon and indicate that "failure to swallow" cannot explain all such cases associated with esophageal atresia and anencephaly.
Long-stay care for elderly people: its continuing evolution.
Authors: J S Rodgers, J A Muir Gray
Journal: BMJ (1982)

needs to be provided for doctors and other workers likely to encounter these patients.Self-help organisations, such as the Amity groups, should be encouraged.Suicide is an eminently preventable cause of death, and we believe that prompt inter- vention and accurate assessment of the situation may save lives.
Statins and micronutrients: unanswered questions
Authors: M. McKee, S. J Moat, I. McDowell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In an accompanying paper (p. 461),1 Dr Thompson and Dr Temple offer several objections to the evidence underlying the widespread and growing use of statins. First, in the trials of effectiveness, statins were not compared with dietary management, which is the most appropriate alternative intervention. Second, the varying endpoints of such trials give the impression of having been chosen to yield favourable desired outcomes. Third, the evidence is presented in a way that exaggerates their apparent effectiveness (in terms of relative rather than absolute risk). They argue that, as statins are given to ever greater numbers of low-risk individuals, the economic case for their use diminishes. This provocative critique will doubtless generate debate but it begs a further question: who should be targeted for statin therapy? Paradoxically, as evidence of the effectiveness of these drugs has accumulated, this question has become more difficult to answer.
Book Review Atlas of Bronchoscopy: Technique —diagnosis — differential diagnosis —therapy By Heinrich D. Becker, Klaus Kayser, Volker Schulz, Siegfried Tuengerthal, and Hans-Hermann Vollhaber; translated by Thomas J. DeKornfeld and Heinrich D. Becker. 182 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, B.C. Decker, 1991. $120.
Authors: G. William Atkinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)