tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Distribution of M Cells in Arterially Perfused Canine Left Ventricular Wedge Preparations
Authors: Gan-Xin Yan, Wataru Shimizu, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Much of the characterization of the M cell to date has been accomplished using isolated tissues and cells. This study uses an arterially perfused wedge preparation to examine the characteristics and distribution of M cells within the anterior wall of the canine left ventricle under more physiological conditions. Methods and Results —Floating microelectrodes were used to record transmembrane action potentials simultaneously from epicardial, M region, and endocardial or subendocardial Purkinje sites in isolated arterially perfused canine left ventricular wedge preparations. A transmural ECG was recorded concurrently. M cells with the longest action potentials were found in the deep subendocardium in wedge preparations isolated from the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Fairly smooth transitions in action potential duration (APD) were observed except in the region between epicardium and deep subepicardium. Tissue resistivity increased 2.8-fold in this region and much more modestly in the deep subendocardium. Dispersion of APD 90 across the left ventricular wall averaged 51±19 and 64±25 ms at basic cycle lengths of 1000 and 2000 ms, respectively, whereas transmural dispersion of repolarization time was smaller (34±18 and 45±25 ms), owing to the endocardial to epicardial activation sequence. Conclusions —We conclude that the qualitative differences between the 3 ventricular cell types previously described in isolated tissues and cells are maintained in intact canine left ventricular wall preparations in which the myocardial cells are electrically well coupled. As anticipated, differences in APD are quantitatively smaller because of electrotonic interactions among the 3 cell types. Our data indicate that transmural dispersion of repolarization is the result of intrinsic differences in APD of cells spanning the ventricular wall as well as a heterogeneous distribution of tissue resistivity across the wall.
The choice of, and the decision to apply, disease modifying drugs.
Authors: C G Barnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Biofilm-forming microbial communities on plastics and textile fibers are of growing interest since they have potential to contribute to disease outbreaks and material biodegradability in the environment. Knowledge on microbial colonization of pollutants in the marine realm is expanding, but metabolic responses during substrate colonization remains poorly understood. Here, we assess the metabolic response in marine microbial communities to three different micropollutants, virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) microbeads, polysorbate-20 (Tween), and textile fibers. Intertidal textile fibers, mainly cotton, virgin HDPE, and Tween induced variable levels of microbial growth, respiration, and community assembly in controlled microcosm experiments. RAMAN characterization of the chemical composition of the textile waste fibers and high-throughput DNA sequencing data shows how the increased metabolic stimulation and biodegradation is translated into selection processes ultimately manifested in different communities colonizing the different micropollutant substrates. The composition of the bacterial communities colonizing the substrates were significantly altered by micropollutant substrate type and light conditions. Bacterial taxa, closely related to the well-known hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria <i>Kordiimonas</i> spp. and <i>Alcanivorax</i> spp., were enriched in the presence of textile-waste. The findings demonstrate an increased metabolic response by marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial taxa in the presence of microplastics and textile waste, highlighting their biodegradation potential. The metabolic stimulation by the micropollutants was increased in the presence of light, possibly due to photochemical dissolution of the plastic into smaller bioavailable compounds. Our results suggest that the development and increased activity of these unique microbial communities likely play a role in the bioremediation of the relatively long lived textile and microplastic pollutants in marine habitats. <h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>
Onychomadesis: literature review
Authors: J. Hardin, R.M. Haber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Onychomadesis: literature review Get access J. Hardin, J. Hardin Division of Dermatology Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre University of Calgary 1820 Richmond Road SW Calgary AB T2T5C7 Canada Correspondence Jori Hardin. E‐mail: jorihardin@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Haber R.M. Haber Division of Dermatology Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre University of Calgary 1820 Richmond Road SW Calgary AB T2T5C7 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 3, 1 March 2015, Pages 592–596, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13339 Published: 01 March 2015
EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder of CNS associated with the use of mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Brian Patrick O'Neill, Steven Vernino, Ahmet Dogan, Caterina Giannini
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations are a well-recognized complication of congenital or acquired systemic immunosuppression. The CNS is a frequent site for development of such lymphoid proliferations. We describe the clinical, imaging, and pathologic observations of a CNS disorder histologically similar to posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder that occurred in four patients with autoimmune disease treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MM). Two patients had polymorphous lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of brain parenchyma, and two had monomorphous infiltrations consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA was positive in all four patients. All patients improved after MM withdrawal and the use of rituximab. Because of a favorable toxicity profile, MM is now being used as steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy in autoimmune disorders. Based on our experience presented herein, we recommend caution in patient selection for MM and strict surveillance of those patients with autoimmune disorders who receive MM.
Clinical Evaluation of Verapamil in Angina Pectoris
Authors: G. Sandler, G. A. Clayton, S. G. Thornicroft
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A controlled double-blind study of verapamil in 16 anginal patients used two dose levels—40 mg. t.d.s. and 120 mg. t.d.s.—and was compared with propranolol 100 mg. t.d.s. At the higher dosage verapamil produced a significant improvement in frequency of angina, trinitrin consumption, and exercise tolerance, and had a favourable and significant effect on the amount and duration of ischaemic S–T depression occurring in the electrocardiogram during exercise. In the lower dose verapamil produced significant subjective improvement but no objective benefit in the electrocardiogram. No significant differences were found between the favourable results with the higher dosage of verapamil and propranolol. The action of verapamil is not fully understood, but its favourable effects in angina may be due to a direct action on the myocardium, possibly with accompanying coronary vasodilatation.
Adrenal Epinephrine Increases Alveolar Liquid Clearance in a Canine Model of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema
Authors: SUSAN M. LANE, KAY C. MAENDER, NANCY E. AWENDER, MICHAEL B. MARON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Case reports of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) often indicate that the edema resolves quickly. Because plasma epinephrine concentration may be elevated in NPE, and epinephrine has been shown to increase the rate of alveolar liquid clearance (ALC), we determined if ALC was increased in a canine model of NPE produced by the intracisternal administration of veratrine. ALC was determined by instilling autologous plasma into a lower lung lobe and using the increase in instillate protein concentration after 4 h to calculate the volume of fluid cleared from the airspaces by mass balance. To prevent pulmonary hypertension and edema, which would confound the mass balance analysis, carotid arterial blood was allowed to drain into a reservoir as pulmonary arterial pressure started to rise after veratrine administration. ALC in animals administered veratrine (n = 6) was 30.4 ± 1.6 (SE)% of the instilled volume compared with 14.1 ± 2.1% observed in control animals. The increase in ALC could be inhibited by adrenalectomy, β2-adrenergic blockade using ICI 118,551, or sodium channel blockade using amiloride and could be duplicated by infusing epinephrine to increase plasma epinephrine concentration to levels observed in NPE. These data indicate that the increased ALC was mediated by adrenal epinephrine and suggest that edema resolution in patients with NPE might be accelerated by endogenous epinephrine.
Endocrinological Disorders and Celiac Disease
Authors: Pekka Collin, Katri Kaukinen, Matti Välimäki, Jorma Salmi
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

Celiac disease is a permanent intolerance to dietary gluten. Its well known features are abdominal symptoms, malabsorption of nutrients, and small-bowel mucosal inflammation with villous atrophy, which recover on a gluten-free diet. Diagnosis is challenging in that patients often suffer from subtle, if any, symptoms. The risk of clinically silent celiac disease is increased in various autoimmune conditions. The endocrinologist, especially, should maintain high suspicion and alertness to celiac disease, which is to be found in 2-5% of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or autoimmune thyroid disease. Patients with multiple endocrine disorders, Addison's disease, alopecia, or hypophysitis may also have concomitant celiac disease. Similar heredity and proneness to autoimmune conditions are considered to be explanations for these associations. A gluten-free diet is essential to prevent celiac complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and infertility. The diet may also be beneficial in the treatment of the underlying endocrinological disease; prolonged gluten exposure may even contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The diagnosis of celiac disease requires endoscopic biopsy, but serological screening with antiendomysial and antitissue transglutaminase antibody assays is an easy method for preliminary case finding. Celiac disease will be increasingly detected provided the close association with autoimmune endocrinological diseases is recognized.
Complex realities require complex theories: Refining and extending the network approach to mental disorders
Authors: Angélique O. J. Cramer, Lourens J. Waldorp, Han L. J. van der Maas, Denny Borsboom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The majority of commentators agree on one thing: Our network approach might be the prime candidate for offering a new perspective on the origins of mental disorders. In our response, we elaborate on refinements (e.g., cognitive and genetic levels) and extensions (e.g., to Axis II disorders) of the network model, as well as discuss ways to test its validity.
Frequency of the first heart sound in the assessment of stiffening of mitral bioprosthetic valves.
Authors: P D Stein, H N Sabbah, J B Lakier, D J Magilligan, D Goldstein
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The frequency spectrum of the first heart sound (S1) was measured noninvasively in 54 patients with porcine bioprosthetic valves inserted in the mitral position. Phonocardiograms were recorded on magnetic tape on line with a signal processor with which the frequency spectrum and peak frequency of S1 were determined. In 19 patients with normal natural mitral valves, the apparent peak frequency within the range of measured frequencies of S1 was 46 +/- 2 Hz (mean +/- SEM). In 11 patients with porcine bioprosthetic valves implanted in the mitral position for less than or equal to 11/2 years, the apparent peak frequency of S1 was 43 +/- 3 Hz, which was not significantly different from S1 in patients with normal mitral valves. However, in 33 patients with porcine bioprosthetic valves in place 5-7 years, the apparent peak frequency of S1 was higher, 67 +/- 2 Hz (p &lt; 0.001). In patients in whom the porcine bioprosthetic valve was implanted 5 years or longer, the frequency spectrum of S1 showed a greater proportion of sound energy at frequencies between 50-200 Hz compared with patients in whom the prosthetic valve was implanted 11/2 years or less. changes of the frequency of S1 in these patients may be a manifestation of stiffening of the valve as a result of early degenerative changes.
Guidelines for collaboration with industry should be transparent
Authors: B. Goldacre, D. Carroll, E. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Ben Goldacre and colleagues on the failings of a defunct doctor-industry partnership

This week a secretive organisation representing almost all doctors in the UK seems to have disbanded, but even this much is hard to know. The Ethical Standards in Health and Life Sciences Group (ESHLSG)1 included most major medical professional bodies in the UK, co-chaired by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industries (ABPI) and the Royal College of Physicians. It produced two documents, on collaboration with the drug industry2 and clinical trial transparency,3 both of which were endorsed and co-badged by almost all leading medical organisations, Royal Colleges, faculties, and societies.

The ESHLSG’s positive claims about the benefits of industry sponsored education, and of seeing drug company sales representatives, were criticised almost immediately for going against the best available evidence on the impact of industry promotional activity.4 5 But much more worryingly, the ESHLSG documents make a series of factually incorrect claims about transparency and clinical trials, giving false reassurance on one of the biggest challenges for evidence based medicine today: the …
TCT-218 Impact of Admission Anemia on Coronary Microcirculation and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yasuhiro Uchida, Satoshi Ichimiya, Hideki Ishii, Hideo Oishi, Yusuke Miki, Toshijiro Aoki, Hiroaki Mori, Toshiki Kawamiya, Hitoshi Ichimiya, Junji Watanabe, Masaaki Kanashiro, Susumu Suzuki, Tetsuya Amano, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Discontinuing drug treatments
Authors: D. Gnjidic, D. G. L. Couteur, S. N. Hilmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We need better evidence to guide deprescribing

Deprescribing is the process of withdrawing drugs in an attempt to improve patient outcomes. Emerging evidence from studies of patients with multimorbidity and older people, who are a large and growing proportion of the population, shows that deprescribing may be linked to improvements in survival and quality of life.1 2 While it is sometimes asserted that patients are unwilling to have their drugs withdrawn, in a recent survey over 90% of patients reported that they would be willing to stop taking one or more of their medicines.3 Deprescribing should be considered during every regular review of a patient.

The principles of prescribing and deprescribing are highly comparable,4 although with obvious differences. Prescribing new drugs involves diagnosing a problem and establishing an indication; deprescribing involves establishing which drug may be causing a problem (an adverse drug event) or which drug does not have a current indication. Prescribing involves applying specific disease based guidelines to a patient; deprescribing involves optimising all treatments to achieve individual care goals. While prescribing for people with multimorbidity is commonly driven by guidelines that are based on single diseases, the …
ADIPOSITY ASSOCIATED MORTALITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: YOEL KORENFELD, Felipe Albuquerque, Virend K. Somers, Rui Qin, Simona Boarin, Vijaykumar Jarsania, Abel Romero-Corral, Randall J. Thomas, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A highly compact epitope-based marker/suicide gene for easier and safer T-cell therapy
Authors: Brian Philip, Evangelia Kokalaki, Leila Mekkaoui, Simon Thomas, Karin Straathof, Barry Flutter, Virna Marin, Teresa Marafioti, Ronjon Chakraverty, David Linch, Sergio A. Quezada, Karl S. Peggs, Martin Pule
Journal: Blood (2014)
Report on Use of "Dionosil" in Bronchograms in Children
Authors: J. Rendle-Short
Journal: BMJ (1953)

of the uterus.Vaginal mucosa formed the inner lining of the membrane, and erectile tissue was present between this and the outer lining of modified vulval skin.There was no bluish discoloration of the hymen as is usually seen in imperforate hymen.The vagina and the uterus were packed with iodoform gauze.The patient made an uneventful recovery, and was discharged in a fortnight.Comnment.-The points of interest in this case are: (a) The unusually large haemato-colpo-salpinx; it is amazing that the blood did not spill over the fimbriated end of the tubes.Probably the tubal ostia got closed by low-grade infection.It will be of interest to know if the patient becomes preg- nant at a later date.At the time of writing she is menstruating regularly. (b) The extraordinary thickness of the hymenal membrane.It consisted of a vaginal mucosal lining on the inside and modified vulval skin on the outside, with connective and muscle tissue, intermingled, lying in between.(c) The large size of the external urethral meatus.This was remarked upon also by an English sister who was work- ing in the theatre.In some reported cases it has been stated to be owing to attempts at intercourse through the urethra, the mucous membrane of which had been injured.CASE 2. PINHOLE HYMEN
Simultaneous Uvulitis and Epiglottitis
Authors: Richard H. Rapkin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ACUTE swelling and inflammation of the uvula (uvulitis) has rarely been reported in association with acute epiglottitis.<sup>1-3</sup>The classic reports of epiglottitis in childhood note that pharyngitis is frequently found, but do not describe the uvula specifically.<sup>4-6</sup>Rabe<sup>4</sup>did note a "true membrane" covering the uvula in one of his patients. In a recent report of extraepiglottic complications of epiglottitis, tonsillitis was noted in 8% of patients but inflammation or swelling of the uvula was not mentioned.<sup>7</sup>Cellulitis of the tongue (glossitis) has recently been reported.<sup>8</sup>We saw a patient with pharyngitis and remarkable uvulitis whose underlying epiglottitis was nearly missed. This uncommon but potentially important association is the basis for this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 5-year-old girl was well until one week prior to admission when symptoms of mild upper respiratory infection developed for which she took no medication. On the day
653 MULTIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA &gt;5CM IN DIAMETER: TOLERANCE AND RESULTS AT 3 YEARS
Authors: O. Seror, G. Nkontchou, A. Mahmoudi, Q. Cao, I. Charif, N. Ganne Carrie, V. Grando, V. Boucier, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Oral Clearance and Pathogenic Oropharyngeal Colonization in the Elderly
Authors: LUCY B. PALMER, KIRAM ALBULAK, SUZANNE FIELDS, ANN MARIE FILKIN, SANFORD SIMON, GERALD C. SMALDONE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The elderly have an increased incidence of oropharyngeal colonization with respiratory pathogens, a well-known risk factor for the development of pneumonia. Changes in the oral milieu may occur secondary to decreased salivary production and abnormalities in swallowing. These abnormalities, common in the elderly, may result in impaired clearance of organisms, allowing pathogenic colonization. To test this hypothesis, we performed a prospective cross-sectional analysis of 75 elderly institutionalized patients and measured oral clearance using (99m)Tc-human serum albumin (HSA) administered to the oropharynx. Oropharyngeal cultures, salivary cell populations, elastase activity, and clinical parameters were measured simultaneously. Retention of radiolabel ranged from 100% to 2.3% over 120 min of observation. Clearance in the oropharynx was significantly decreased in those patients who had oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli (GNB), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), or yeast compared with those demonstrating normal flora by 95% confidence intervals. Decreased clearance was also seen in patients on antidepressants by 95% confidence levels. The absolute number of salivary lymphocytes/ml and buccal cells/ml was increased in colonized patients versus noncolonized persons (mean +/- SEM, 128 x 10(3) +/- 49 x 10(3), 25.4 +/- 11.6 x 10(3)). Elastase activity was elevated in patients who had GNB compared with patients without GNB (mean +/- SEM, 10.6 nM +/- 5.7, versus 2.2 nM +/- 1.2, p = 0.036). We conclude that a decrease in salivary clearance of potentially pathogenic organisms may be a major risk factor for the development of colonization in the elderly.
THE RADIO FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
Authors: James M. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The public prefers good health to poor health; it also prefers good physicians to poor physicians. The public patronizes cults and quackery even, because it is not sufficiently enlightened with regard to matters medical to seek the right help in cases of illness. Various national agencies are engaged in disseminating popular medical information through the public press. Plain facts about disease and health are also being given wide publicity through<i>Hygeia</i>, the excellent health journal of the American Medical Association. In this connection, it is my desire to call attention to another way in which to educate the public in questions bearing on human ills and individual and public health. It seems to me that the American Medical Association, either alone or in cooperation with other national health and welfare organizations, might reach the masses, who are in the greatest need of popular medical information, most successfully
Synovial Visualization During Tc-99m MDP Bone Scanning in Septic Arthritis of the Knee
Authors: JOSEPH W. YON, K M SPICER, LEONIE GORDON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

During Tc-99m medronate (MDP) bone scintigraphy, visualization of the synovium during blood flow and blood pool phases was present in a patient with septic arthritis of the left knee. Inflammation with hyperemia of the synovium was the cause for radionuclide localization, which was enhanced by the large photondeficient effusion distending the suprapatellar bursa. The synovium was not seen on delayed images after redistribution of the radionuclide from blood pool to bone phase.
The Yellow Fever Epidemic.
Authors: J. C. Ballard
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Natchez, Miss., Aug. 15, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 12, you did a palpable injustice to some of the best people in the South when you refer to the quarantines as relics of the middle ages. Please let me call your attention to the report of the president of the Louisiana State Board of Health, in which he admits that he was aware of the existence of the fever on the 13th, but waited eight days before admitting it, thus allowing the people from the infected area time to scatter all over the states of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. It is this continued failure to keep faith with the people that has forced the present harsh measures. We know that non-intercourse with infected areas will prevent the introduction of the disease into the healthy towns, and propose to follow up the plan that has proved safe in
MK2 SUMOylation regulates actin filament remodeling and subsequent migration in endothelial cells by inhibiting MK2 kinase and HSP27 phosphorylation
Authors: Eugene Chang, Kyung-Sun Heo, Chang-Hoon Woo, Hakjoo Lee, Nhat-Tu Le, Tamlyn N. Thomas, Keigi Fujiwara, Jun-ichi Abe
Journal: Blood (2010)