tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON THE GENESIS OF CANCER
Authors: A. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1913)

gelleral effect obtained is more striliing, anid partly becalUse iC is.bleaneY and more permianent, requiring reniewal abotut once every thlree montlhs only, as the lair groNvs.A nmember of tllis class is paraphenylenediamin, whN-bich prodtuces a reddish tinit and is very poisonous.Miany other preparations are in vogue, thle comlipositions of which atre trade secrets, anid emanate mainly from France.The great majorlty are chelieical combinations of silver, lead, or mercuiry with pyrogallic and nitric acids.Potassitum perm-laiuganate and hlydrogen peroxide are also used, but are apparently less often the cause of acute inflamnlation.Tlleir main effect is to bleach tlle lair.Tlhe treatlent of a "llair-dye" dermatitis is usnally a simple matter, and a dilute soltution of lead or aluminiunm acetate in water (1 in 100), frequently applied on a mask of lint witlh the patient reclining, is all that is required in the early stages.Zinc creamis witlh a trace of iclltllyol (iltx ad ,x) will be found soothing for the face after two or tlhree days, wlhen exfoliation will have begun, but they are ustually not tolerated at first.;Alcoliol and stimiiulants of all kIinds are, of course, colntraindicated.Aspirin is very useful.It is needless to enmphasize the imiiportance of warning tlle patient never to use the offending substance again, for each succeeding attack is muore severe and less amenable to treatment than the last.
Senator questions $2m NIH grant to disgraced psychiatric researcher
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT:</h3> Four functional forms were investigated to determine their usefulness in estimating the relationship between soil erosion and crop yields. These functional forms were as follows: linear, polynomial, Cobb-Douglas, and Mitscherlich-Spillman. The Mitcherlich-Spillman method best met the theoretical requirements of making such estimates. A variable defined as the mechanical composition of the plant rooting zone was a superior prediction variable to topsoil depth. Soybean yield data for Cecil soils in Georgia were fitted to a Mitscherlich-Spillman function.
The Bench and Me: Teaching and Learning Medicine
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In this slender volume Dr Hurst distills his thoughts from a long career about medical teaching and learning. The bench in his title refers to the legendary bench of Mark Hopkins, which, in a log cabin with a student on one end and a teacher on the other, was said in 1871 to contain the essence of what is needed for the educational process. Hurst's central formulation is the idea of the true teacher, who has the ability to stimulate students to learn. The true teacher contrasts with the ordinary teacher, who may be considered as essentially an announcer of facts. "True teachers understand the teaching-learning process, which includes facts, then thinking, and then usage, and encourage their students to appreciate the joy and importance of learning." "Hurst thinks there is a gene, as it were, for true teaching..." Hurst divides medical teaching into the lecture method and the Socratic
Bleeding peptic ulcer
Authors: O M P Jolobe
Journal: Gut (2003)

We read with interest the paper on prediction of therapeutic failure after adrenaline injection plus heater probe treatment in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer by Wong and colleagues ( Gut2002;50:322–5 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ). Even though the authors qualified their generalisation, the statement that “elderly patients often succumb to their concomitant illnesses rather than the bleeding itself” needs to be challenged as being unnecessarily defeatist, given the fact that timeliness of surgical intervention1 and, as shown below, postoperative management at the intensive care level, may be more crucial … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DWong%26rft.auinit1%253DS%2BK%2BH%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D322%26rft.epage%253D325%26rft.atitle%253DPrediction%2Bof%2Btherapeutic%2Bfailure%2Bafter%2Badrenaline%2Binjection%2Bplus%2Bheater%2Bprobe%2Btreatment%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bbleeding%2Bpeptic%2Bulcer%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.50.3.322%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11839708%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=50/3/322&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F52%2F2%2F315.1.atom
Macroglossia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Heather R. McKee, Edward Escott, Douglas Damm, Edward Kasarskis
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

We encountered 2 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with tongue enlargement and protrusion outside the oral cavity (macroglossia). To our knowledge, the relationship between macroglossia and ALS has not been reported in the literature. The objective of this article was to describe the clinical characteristics, imaging, and pathology of macroglossia in ALS and to develop a hypothesis regarding its pathophysiology.Two patients developed progressive weakness at age 54 and 40 years. Both patients exhibited dysarthria, dysphagia, tongue atrophy, neck extensor weakness, and weakness of jaw closure during a 1-year period. Both required tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation and afterward developed macroglossia. A 3-dimensional-reconstructed sagittal computed tomographic image confirmed tongue protrusion outside the oral cavity with focal compression and showed the transition from the atrophied part of the tongue in the oropharynx to the edematous part outside the mouth. Tongue biopsy demonstrated fatty replacement and fascicles of degenerative muscle.We are unaware of previous reports of macroglossia in ALS/motor neuron disease. Given the paucity of case material, we speculated that this is an extremely rare complication of ALS. Based on this series, we propose a pathophysiological mechanism by reviewing imaging and tongue biopsy.
Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: GERBAIL T. KRISHNAMURTHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous ThrombosisGERBAIL T. KRISHNAMURTHY, M.D., JAMES F. MORRIS, M.D., VISHNU V. R. BOBBA, M.D.GERBAIL T. KRISHNAMURTHY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES F. MORRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VISHNU V. R. BOBBA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-412_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The prospective study of Hull and associates (1) evaluated traditional "gold standards" of contrast venography and pulmonary angiography in patients with abnormal perfusion lung scans and clinically suspected pulmonary embolism. The authors would do contrast venography after obtaining an abnormal perfusion study. We suggest an alternative to their approach. At this and many U.S. medical centers, an initial approach to suspected deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both, includes bilateral radionuclide venography, thromboscintigraphy, and perfusion and ventilation lung imaging. The first three tests are done by injecting99mTc macroaggregated albumin into the dorsal pedal veins (2)....References1. HULLHIRSHCARTER RJC. Pulmonary angiography, ventilation lung scanning, and venography for clinically suspected pulmonary embolism with abnormal perfusion lung scan. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:891-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NELPLARSONHAMILTON WSG. Radionuclide venography. In: BERMAN DS, MASON DT, eds. Clinical Nuclear Cardiology. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1981:365-80. (Clinical Cardiology Monograph Series). Google Scholar3. ALBRECHTSSONOLSSON UC. Thrombosis following phlebography. Acta Radiol [Diagn] (Stockh). 1979;20:46-52. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. GROLLMANWEBBERGOMES JMA. Phlebography and radionuclide clot localization in the lower extremities. Radiol Clin North Am. 1976;14:371-85. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SINGHALHENDERSONHORSFIELD SRK. Morphometry of the human pulmonary arterial tree. Circ Res. 1973;33:190-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDiagnosis of Pulmonary EmbolismJames F. Morris, MD, Gerbail T. Krishnamurthy, MD 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 412-413KeywordsAlbuminsAngiographyDeep vein thrombosisLungsProspective studiesPulmonary embolismVeins Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES
Authors: James M. Neill, William L. Fleming, Emidio L. Gaspari
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The investigation deals with the immunological differentiation of the hemotoxin and the "protein fraction" of Pneumococcus, and with a like differentiation of the antihemotoxin and the antiprotein precipitins. The distinction is made upon the basis of the following evidence: (1) The antigenic (antibody-invoking and antibody-combining) properties of the hemotoxin were destroyed by heat and oxidation treatments which did not cause the loss of the antigenic effectiveness of the "protein fraction." (2) The removal of the hemotoxin from pneumococcus solutions by combination with erythrocytes caused no loss in the capacity of the solution to invoke the production of antiprotein precipitins nor in its capacity to react with antiprotein immune serum. Titrations of the antihemotoxin content of antipneumococcus horse serum (both diagnostic and therapeutic) indicated that the heating treatment of the immunization material is the most important factor in determining the antihemotoxin content of the immune sera obtained from horses, as well as of that from rabbits. A distinction was also made between the hemotoxin and the toxic substances ("endotoxin") which cause the acute anaphylactoid death of rabbits.
First demonstration in humans of systemic neutral endopeptidase and endothelin converting enzyme inhibition using a new orally active dual metalloprotease inhibitor SLV 306
Authors: Alison Seed, Rhoda Kuc, Anthony Davenport, Michael Ashby, Chris Hillier, Hanka De Voogd, Hans Essers, John McMurray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
122 GENOME-BASED MODELING PROGNOSIS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: PROLIFERATION-G3 AND ADJACENT POOR SIGNATURES INDEPENDENTLY PREDICT RECURRENCE
Authors: A. Villanueva, Y. Hoshida, V. Tovar, D. Sia, H. Cornella, C. Alsinet, J. Peix, S. Roayaie, S. Thung, J. Bruix, M. Schwartz, V. Mazzaferro, J.M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
PARAURETHRITIS.AN ANATOMIC REVIEW, WITH A REPORT OF TWO CASES.
Authors: J. W. CHURCHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The recent occurrence within ten days of two rather unfamiliar forms of gonorrheal infection seemed to offer material of enough clinical interest to be worth recording and of enough anatomic interest to warrant detailed study of the structural features illustrated; and at the suggestion of Dr. Young,<sup>1</sup>in whose practice the cases occurred, the following report has been prepared: The urethra may be roughly described as a tubular structure, with dependent glandular adjuncts; for throughout its whole extent, from meatus to internal sphincter, and even beyond in the trigone, glands or crypts are to be found occupying a "para-position" in relation to it. All of these are of clinical interest as haunts of infection; some, like the prostate and vesicles, have, beside, a very definite pathologic and physiologic interest of their own; but many (most of them, though small, by no means insignificant) bear so intimate a relation
Hypoxia and hydrothoraces in a case of liver cirrhosis: correlation of physiological, radiographic, scintigraphic, and pathological findings
Authors: N. N. Stanley, A. J. Williams, C. A. Dewar, L. M. Blendis, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1977)

<b>Stanley, N. N., Williams, A. J., Dewar, C. A., Blendis, L. M., and Reid, Lynne (1977).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>32</b>, 457-471. <b>Hypoxia and hydrothoraces in a case of liver cirrhosis: correlation of physiological, radiographic, scintigraphic, and pathological findings.</b> A case is reported of liver cirrhosis complicated by cyanosis and recurrent right hydrothorax. A diagnostic pneumoperitoneum demonstrated that direct movement of ascites through a diaphragmatic defect was responsible for the hydrothoraces. Pulmonary function tests between episodes of hydrothorax showed severe arterial hypoxaemia, a 23% right-to-left shunt, and a reduction in the carbon monoxide transfer factor to less than half of the predicted value. Evidence of abnormal intrapulmonary arteriovenous communications was obtained by perfusion scanning. At necropsy the central tendon of the diaphragm showed numerous areas of thinning which were easily ruptured. Injection of the pulmonary arterial tree demonstrated precapillary arteriovenous anastomoses and pleural spider naevi. A morphometric analysis provided quantitative evidence of pulmonary vasodilatation limited to the intra-acinar arteries, consistent with the effect of a circulating vasodilator. The scintigraphic and pathological findings suggested that shunting had been greater in the right than the left lung. Examination of thin lung sections by light microscopy showed that the walls of small veins were thickened, and electron microscopy showed that this was due to a layer of collagen. The walls of capillaries were similarly thickened, which caused an approximately two-fold increase in the minimum blood-gas distance and contributed to the reduction in transfer factor.
Traditional Healers in Southern Africa
Authors: Mariana G. Hewson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

One task of medical anthropologists is to search for similarities and differences among cultural conceptions of illness and healing.This search may identify common, if not universal, characteristics of healing and effective patient care. This paper describes traditional healing practices in southern Africa as related by six traditional healers. Despite the seemingly exotic nature of their practice, the traditional healers' underlying strategies (probing deeply into the psychological, spiritual, and social contexts of illness and using healing ceremonies and natural medicinal preparations) seem to be effective in certain circumstances. Perhaps more important, these strategies can leave both patient and practitioner with a sense of connection and satisfaction. A study of these strategies reveals some general qualities of the healing process that are more apparent in the absence of sophisticated technology.
Association of polymorphism of human alpha oestrogen receptor gene with coronary artery disease in men: a necropsy study
Authors: T. A Kunnas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The higher oestrogen concentrations in women have been suggested as the reason for their slower development of atherosclerosis compared with men. Oestrogen receptors have been located on macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in women and men, but it is not known whether the protective effect at the level of the arterial wall is mediated by these receptors. It has been reported that premenopausal women have fewer α oestrogen receptors in atherosclerotic than in normal coronary arteries.1 The gene for human α oestrogen receptor contains a polymorphism in the regulatory (upstream) region of the gene: this polymorphism consists of a dinucleotide (thymine and adenine) repeat, the length of which has been associated with bone mineral density, suggesting an effect on oestrogen receptor transcription.2 This prompted us to study whether this polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in men.

The associations of the polymorphism with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction were studied in the Helsinki sudden death study, a prospective …
C5-06: Final analysis of a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) plus bevacizumab (B) or placebo (P) in patients with malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Hedy L. Kindler, Theodore Karrison, David R. Gandara, Charles Lu, Tamara L. Guterz, Katharine Nichols, Helen Chen, Walter M. Stadler, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Therapist guided internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: E. Hedman
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Can be highly effective and is used to increase access to psychological treatment

There are two main forms of internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy—fully automated open access programmes without therapist contact and programmes guided by a therapist, which are conducted in a context similar to that of regular healthcare. This editorial focuses on therapy that is guided by a therapist, with scheduling that mirrors face to face treatment.1

Because the mechanisms for improvement are the same for internet delivered cognitive behavioural therapy as for face to face therapy, the patient should be exposed to the same interventions. So, if exposure to a feared object—such as snakes in patients with a phobia about snakes—is important in face to face therapy, then it is equally important in internet delivered therapy. In essence, internet delivered therapy is not a new treatment in itself but rather a new framework for providing psychological treatments.

The patient accesses the treatment through a personal account in a secure internet based treatment platform. The most important elements of the treatment are modules, often eight to 15, whose content reflects that of sessions in face to face therapy and provides …
Hypertrophy of the Heart
Authors: Norbert Frey, Hugo A. Katus, Eric N. Olson, Joseph A. Hill
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Recent studies call into question the necessity of hypertrophic growth of the heart as a “compensatory” response to hemodynamic stress. These findings, coupled with recent progress in dissecting the molecular bases of hypertrophy, raise the prospect of suppressing hypertrophy without provoking circulatory insufficiency. In this article, we focus on signaling pathways that hold promise as potential targets for therapeutic intervention. We also summarize observations from animal models and clinical trials that suggest benefit from an antihypertrophic strategy.
THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF TRUE HERNIA OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: DONALD P. ABBOTT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

True hernias of the diaphragm are those which have a sac of peritoneum, or pleura or both. The nontraumatic type occur through preformed openings or at their margins. Their occurrence is probably dependent on an acute or chronic increased intra-abdominal pressure. The preformed openings are as follows: The esophageal foramen. The foramen of Morgagni, at the junction of the sternum and the seventh costal cartilage on either side. The foramen of Bochdolek, posteriorly between the lumbar and costal division of the diaphragm. The point of entrance for the sympathetic nerve, between the external and median crura. Hernias through, or at the side of, the esophageal opening are much the most common. In no case has a hernia passed through the orifices of the aorta or vena cava. In most cases, the hernia enters the left pleural cavity. Often it is found in the posterior mediastinum, especially in early hernia, but
Unintentional Intraluminal Small Bowel Catheter Placement Detected by Tc-99m SC Scan Obtained Before Planned Intraperitoneal Phosphorus-32 Therapy
Authors: LYNDON S. GRITTERS, RALPH LELLE, GEORGE W. MORLEY, RICHARD L. WAHL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Intraperitoneal instillation of colloidal phosphorus-32 is a useful adiuvant therapeutic option for early-stage ovarian cancer. Intraperitoneal Tc-99m SC scans are obtained routinely to ensure correct catheter placement before phosphorus-32 instillation. A case of unintentional intraluminal small bowel catheter placement is described, redemonstrating the necessity of pretherapy scanning to ensure intraperitoneal delivery of phosphorus-32. Delayed planar views and SPECT can be helpful in such cases
Points from Letters: Treatment of Fissure-in-ano
Authors: A. D. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRTSw=Hcomings of others-presumably they hope their own virtues will show up better by contrast; but, really, 800 purple hearts a day are too much for any of us to swallow, literally or figuratively.No details have been given, so far as I know, of how many were in the family or how long the tablets were supposed to last, or whether the circum- stances justified the prescribing of purple hearts in any quantity.This statement has been so damaging to the profession in lay eyes and so surprising and shocking to the vast majority of doctors in general practice who never prescribe more than two Drinamyl a day-and these with some diffidence-that the Ministry should justify the statement of the official by supply- ing details to the profession by way of Prescribers' Notes or in the B.M.7.
Liberia faces a humanitarian catastrophe, warn aid agencies
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Humanitarian agencies are warning that cholera and dysentery could be out of control as conditions deteriorate in Liberia's beleaguered capital, Monrovia. A rebel assault on the city that has killed hundreds of civilians has left hundreds of thousands more without access to food or clean water.​water.




Figure 1





Relatives of a man with cholera rush him to a clinic in Monrovia

Credit: EPA/PA




With 200 000 displaced people crammed alongside the city's one million inhabitants, there is concern that an outbreak of cholera could run unchecked amid the squalor and carnage of the siege. Medecins Sans Frontieres had been treating 350 patients a week until its cholera clinics were overrun by rebel forces in the latest attack, when the town's only water treatment plant was also destroyed.

Health workers fear that conditions will continue to deteriorate until a proposed US/Nigerian peacekeeping force arrives.

“The epidemic of cholera now raging through Monrovia will only worsen if water and sanitation services are not provided immediately,” says Sam Nagbe, who works in Monrovia for Oxfam. “People here are really suffering, but as long as the fighting continues we are unable to help them. If peace-keepers do not come, there will be a doomsday scenario.”

The recent fighting started on 20 July, and insurgents rapidly reached the outskirts, allowing them to shell the town centre. On 28 July the UN secretary general, Kofi Annan, accused the rebels of “reckless behaviour that is killing many innocent Liberians and making it impossible for us to deliver humanitarian assistance.”

Justin Bagirishya, the World Food Programme's director for Liberia, said that the crisis was “rapidly turning into a humanitarian catastrophe.” He said: “What makes it worse is that we have food stocks already in Monrovia but it is far too dangerous to try to distribute them.”

On 25 July, shells landed in central Monrovia's Mamba Point, where Medecins Sans Frontieres has been running two hospitals since the city's public hospital was forced to close in June. One shell exploded only 10 metres from the hospital. Teams from Medecins Sans Frontieres received more than 50 wounded and 11 dead.