tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct contribution of human cord blood-derived endothelial colony forming cells to liver and gut in a fetal sheep model
Authors: Joshua A. Wood, Evan Colletti, Laura E. Mead, David Ingram, Christopher D. Porada, Esmail D. Zanjani, Mervin C. Yoder, Graça Almeida-Porada
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Although the vasculogenic potential of circulating and cord blood (CB)-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, little is known about the inherent biologic ability of these cells to home to different organs and contribute to tissue-specific cell populations. Here we used a fetal sheep model of in utero transplantation to investigate and compare the intrinsic ability of human CB-derived ECFC to migrate to the liver and to the intestine, and to define ECFC's intrinsic ability to integrate and contribute to the cytoarchitecture of these same organs. ECFCs were transplanted by an intraperitoneal or intrahepatic route (IH) into fetal sheep at concentrations ranging from 1.1–2.6 × 106 cells/fetus. Recipients were evaluated at 85 days posttransplant for donor (human) cells using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. We found that, regardless of the route of injection, and despite the IH delivery of ECFC, the overall liver engraftment was low, but a significant percentage of cells were located in the perivascular regions and retained the expression of hallmark endothelial makers. By contrast, ECFC migrated preferentially to the intestinal crypt region and contributed significantly to the myofibroblast population. Furthermore, ECFC expressing CD133 and CD117 lodged in areas where endogenous cells expressed those same phenotypes. Conclusion: ECFC inherently constitute a potential source of cells for the treatment of intestinal diseases, but strategies to increase the numbers of ECFC persisting within the hepatic parenchyma are needed in order to enhance ECFC therapeutic potential for this organ.
Planned and unplanned deliveries at home: implications of a changing ratio.
Authors: J F Murphy, M Dauncey, O P Gray, I Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The observation that perinatal mortality among babies delivered at home has tended to increase beyond that among babies delivered in consultant obstetric units has caused alarm and prompted recommendations that delivery at home should be further phased out. With data derived from the Cardiff Births Survey the possibility was investigated that this trend might reflect a changing ratio of planned to unplanned domiciliary births. At the beginning of the 1970s deliveries at home that were planned to be so outnumbered those that were not by nearly five to one. By 1979 unplanned deliveries at home outnumbered planned deliveries. The characteristics of the mothers, the health care they received, and the outcome of delivery differed strikingly between planned and unplanned deliveries at home. It is concluded, firstly, that every year the maternity services must try to meet the various needs of about 2000 women in England and Wales who give birth at home without planning to do so; and, secondly, that the heterogeneity of births at home and in hospital will continue to obstruct the search for unbiased estimates of the risks attributable to delivery in specialist obstetric units, general practitioner units, and at home.
Clocks in delivery wards may not be sufficiently accurate to validate birth of "millennium babies"
Authors: J. Round, N. Kennea
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—There has been much interest recently in “millennium babies” and the many couples who are attempting to have the first baby born in the new millennium. Validation of the “first baby” requires an accurate clock in the labour room, but this may not always be the case.

In …
Dynamic FDG-PET is useful for detection of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with PSC listed for liver transplantation
Authors: Hanne Prytz, Susanne Keiding, Einar Björnsson, Ulrika Broomé, Sven Almer, Maria Castedal, Ole Lajord Munk
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Five to 15% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) develop cholangiocarcinoma (CC) with a median survival of 5 to 7 months, an outcome not significantly improved by liver transplantation. However, if CC is found incidentally during the procedure or in the explanted liver, 5-year survival rates of 35% are reported. A noninvasive method to detect CC small enough to allow for intended curative surgery is needed. Unfortunately, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) have poor sensitivity for detection of CC in PSC; however, positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) differentiates well between CC and nonmalignant tissue. We examined whether PET findings are valid using a blinded study design comparing pretransplantation FDG-PET results with histology of explanted livers. Dynamic FDG-PET was performed in 24 consecutive patients with PSC within 2 weeks after listing for liver transplantation and with no evidence of malignancy on CT, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography. The PET Center staff was blinded to clinical findings, and surgeons and pathologists were blinded to the PET results. Three patients had CC that was correctly identified by PET. PET was negative in 1 patient with high-grade hilar duct dysplasia. In 20 patients without malignancies, PET was false positive in 1 patient with epitheloid granulomas in the liver. In conclusion, dynamic FDG-PET appears superior to conventional imaging techniques for both detection and exclusion of CC in advanced PSC. FDG-PET may be useful for screening for CC in the pretransplant evaluation of patients with PSC.
Fast and Furious
Authors: J. Bhar-Amato
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 65 year old man attended the accident and emergency department complaining of episodic palpitations associated with dizziness. He had a pulse of 250 beats/min with a regular rhythm and a blood pressure of 105/78 mm Hg. Physical examination was otherwise normal. He had a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and was taking flecainide 100 mg twice a day and warfarin. Electrocardiography was performed on admission (fig 1⇓). Subsequently, a 6 mg bolus of adenosine was administered and a continuous two lead rhythm electrocardiogram recorded (fig 2⇓). Fig 1 Electrocardiogram on admission Fig 2 A two lead electrocardiogram recorded during and after administration of an adenosine bolus. (A) Trace from the precordial leads during administration of an adenosine bolus; lead V1 at the top and lead II below. (B) Continuation of the trace from the precordial leads following administration of an adenosine bolus; lead V1 at the top and lead II below ### Short answers
Blood protein coating of gold nanoparticles as potential tool for organ targeting
Authors: Martin Schäffler, Fernanda Sousa, Alexander Wenk, Leopoldo Sitia, Stephanie Hirn, Carsten Schleh, Nadine Haberl, Martina Violatto, Mara Canovi, Patrizia Andreozzi, Mario Salmona, Paolo Bigini, Wolfgang G. Kreyling, Silke Krol
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Upregulation of the Hyperpolarization-Activated Current Increases Pacemaker Activity of the Sinoatrial Node and Heart Rate During Pregnancy in Mice
Authors: Nabil El Khoury, Sophie Mathieu, Laurine Marger, Jenna Ross, Gracia El Gebeily, Nathalie Ethier, Céline Fiset
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Pregnancy is associated with a faster heart rate (HR), which is a risk factor for arrhythmias. However, the underlying mechanisms for this increased HR are poorly understood. Therefore, this study was performed to gain mechanistic insight into the pregnancy-induced increase in HR.Using surface ECG we observed that pregnant (P) mice have faster HR (531±14 beats per minute [bpm]) compared with nonpregnant (NP) mice (470±27 bpm; P<0.03). Results obtained with Langendorff-perfused hearts showed that this difference persisted in the absence of autonomic nervous innervation (NP, 327±16 bpm; P, 385±18 bpm; P<0.02). Spontaneous action potentials of sinoatrial node cells from pregnant mice exhibited higher automaticity (NP, 292±13 bpm; P, 330±12 bpm; P=0.047) and steeper diastolic depolarization (NP, 0.20±0.03 V/s; P, 0.40±0.06 V/s; P=0.004). Pregnancy increased the density of the hyperpolarization-activated current (If) (at -90mV: NP, -15.2±1.0 pA/pF; P, -28.6±2.9 pA/pF; P=0.0002) in sinoatrial node cells. Voltage dependence of the If activation curve and the intracellular cAMP levels were unchanged in sinoatrial node cells of pregnant mice. However, there was a significant increase in HCN2 channel protein expression with no change in HCN4 expression. Maximal depolarizing shift of the If activation curve induced by isoproterenol was attenuated in pregnancy. This reduced response to isoproterenol may be attributable to the lower cAMP sensitivity of HCN2 isoform compared with that of HCN4.This study shows that an increase in If current density contributes to the acceleration of sinoatrial node automaticity and explains, in part, the higher HR observed in pregnancy.
Iontophoretic delivery of terbinafine in onychomycosis: a preliminary study
Authors: B. Amichai, B. Nitzan, R. Mosckovitz, A. Shemer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Onychomycosis is a common disease; topical treatment is usually poorly effective, while systemic treatment is more effective but may be associated with side‐effects. Iontophoretic drug delivery may improve drug penetration through the nail and lead to better therapeutic results. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical treatments with terbinafine HCl delivered with or without an iontophoretic patch in patients with onychomycosis of the toenails. Methods Patients enrolled into the study were divided randomly into two groups. Group A was treated with terbinafine and an iontophoretic patch (at a constant current density of 100 μA cm−2). Group B was treated with terbinafine without iontophoresis. Treatment was overnight wear, every day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Follow‐up period was 8 weeks from the end of treatment. Results A significant clinical response was recorded in patients of group A (active group). The percentage of patients having healthy toenail growth of more than 1·5 mm at the end of treatment was 40% compared with 11% in patients treated with terbinafine without current (passive group). The percentage of patients having fungal elements (KOH) in nail specimens decreased significantly at 8 weeks following the completion of treatment: 16% in the active group vs. 53% in the passive group. Patients in the active group reported a tingling sensation that is expected when using an iontophoretic drug delivery treatment. Conclusions The delivery of terbinafine under an electrical current of 100 μA cm−2 appears to be efficacious and safe and is well tolerated for the treatment of nail onychomycosis.
Hydrocele and Epididymitis Mimicking Testicular Torsion on Scrotal Scintigraphy
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J. PALESTRO, COLLEEN FINN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Because interruption of blood flow to the testicle for even a few hours can result in the loss of the spermatogenic capacity of this organ, testicular torsion is considered a surgical emergency. Scrotal scintigraphy is a well-established, readily available, highly accurate technique for evaluating individuals with scrotal pain. While intrascrotal photopenia is classically associated with torsion, and increased activity with inflammation, from time to time unusual scintigraphic patterns are encountered that may confound the interpretation of the study. We recently encountered just such an interpretive dilemma in a patient subsequently found to have both hydrocele and epididymitis, but no evidence of testicular torsion.
Use of a single pair of magnetometer coils to monitor breathing patterns in an intensive care unit
Authors: P J Rees, T W Higenbottam, T J H Clark
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The use of a single pair of magnetometer coils placed centrally on the trunk to record tidal volumes and breath times has been evaluated in five normal subjects in five positions. Breath times were accurate in all positions tested but tidal volumes were only reliable with the subjects lying and the backrest raised to 45° or in the supine position only for volumes up to 1000 ml. Using this system, recordings have been made in seven patients with barbiturate overdose, five with salicylate overdose, and five undergoing anaesthesia with thiopentone. The single pair of coils was satisfactory for measuring changes in the pattern of breathing in these patients. In barbiturate overdose in five patients there was initially an increase in respiratory frequency with a decrease in tidal volume. As these patients recovered the tidal volume increased and the respiratory rate slowed. In two patients who had a raised PaCO<sub>2</sub> there was initially reduction of both tidal volume and respiratory rate, both increasing as the patients recovered. Monitoring respiratory rate appears to be a useful guide in barbiturate overdose; a slowing of the rate without recovery of consciousness warrants further investigation to assess the need for ventilatory support. The single pair of coils were also satisfactory for measuring the increased tidal volume in salicylate overdose. As after other respiratory stimuli in man, increased ventilation occurred predominantly through changes in tidal volume and expiratory time while inspiratory time changed very little.
Distinguishing inhalers to aid blind people.
Authors: D. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

a large true association.In contrast, a weak confounding effect is hard to detect and can plague weak associations that is, associations with relative risks smaller than 2 0. It can either produce spurious associations or mask true associations.Therefore, the warning against confounding bias raised by Smith and Phillips applies really to the study of weak associations.It is certainly true that weak associations should be interpreted with caution because there is no certainty that all
Cilostazol in Raynaud s disease: A double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sanjay Rajagopalan, Dana Pfenninger, Christine Kehrer, Emily Somers, Anjan Chakraborti, William J. McCune, Debabrata Mukherjee, Robert D. Brook, Mariana Kaplan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Fraud and Abuse Law
Authors: William M. Sage
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2124: Comprehensive analysis of hormone receptor status during prostate cancer progression: A novel prognostic role for pAR and ERbeta
Authors: Christian Ruiz, Inti Zlobec, Susanna Stuerm, Silvia Rey, Sandra Schneider, Martin Oeggerli, Thomas Gasser, Tobias Zellweger, Alexander Bachmann, Lukas Bubendorf
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aims: Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PrCa) are usually treated with androgen withdrawal. Although this therapy is effective at the beginning, nearly all prostate cancers become refractory to it. Hormone receptors play a crucial role during this progression. Aim of this study was to analyze the genomic and expression status of hormone receptors in prostate cancer and the evolution of these markers in the development of castration-resistance. Methods: We selected 915 transurethral resection (TURP) specimens from 107 untreated PrCa and from 101 castration-resistant (CR) PrCa. These samples were used for the construction of a tissue microarray (TMA). In addition, we included 56 distant metastases. We analyzed the androgen receptor (AR) gene copy number by fluorescence in-situ hybridization and the expression profiles of AR, phosphorylated AR (pAR), ERβ, ERα and the proliferation marker Ki67 by immunohistochemistry. Results: AR gene amplification was almost restricted to PrCa and was significantly associated with increased AR protein expression (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and higher tumor cell proliferation (p=0.001). Interestingly, although pAR was predominantly found in the CR PrCa (p=0.003), pAR expression in untreated PrCa patients identified a subgroup of patients with poor survival (p&amp;lt;0.05). In contrast to ERα expression, which was restricted to CR PrCA cells (10%), ERβ was found in 40% of the PrCa, independent of treatment status. Similar to pAR, the presence of ERβ in untreated patients was significantly associated with adverse prognosis (p&amp;lt;0.005). Conclusions: This is the first comprehensive study comparing the hormonal receptor status in a large cohort of hormone-naïve and CR PrCa. Our results strongly suggest a major role for pAR and ERβ in untreated PrCa. Expression of these markers might be a mechanism of CR tumor growth. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2124. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2124
Retrospective study of doctors' "end of life decisions" in caring for mentally handicapped people in institutions in the Netherlands
Authors: G J M W van Thiel, J J M van Delden, K de Haan, A K Huibers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To gain insight into the reasons behind and the prevalence of doctors' decisions at the end of life that might hasten a patient's death ("end of life decisions") in institutions caring for mentally handicapped people in the Netherlands, and to describe important aspects of the decisions making process.Survey of random sample of doctors caring for mentally handicapped people by means of self completed questionnaires and structured interviews.89 of the 101 selected doctors completed the questionnaire. 67 doctors had taken an end of life decision and were interviewed about their most recent case.Prevalence of end of life decisions; types of decisions; characteristics of patients; reasons why the decision was taken; and the decision making process.The 89 doctors reported 222 deaths for 1995. An end of life decision was taken in 97 cases (44%); in 75 the decision was to withdraw or withhold treatment, and in 22 it was to relieve pain or symptoms with opiates in dosages that may have shortened life. In the 67 most recent cases with an end of life decision the patients were mostly incompetent (63) and under 65 years old (51). Only two patients explicitly asked to die, but in 23 cases there had been some communication with the patient. In 60 cases the doctors discussed the decision with nursing staff and in 46 with a colleague.End of life decisions are an important aspect of the institutionalised care of mentally handicapped people. The proportion of such decisions in the total number of deaths is similar to that in other specialties. However, the discussion of such decisions is less open in the care of mental handicap than in other specialties. Because of distinctive features of care in this specialty an open debate about end of life decisions should not be postponed.
Diabetes Mellitus as an Emerging Public Health Problem on Guam
Authors: Timothy T Kuberski, Peter H Bennett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The magnitude and impact of diabetes mellitus as a public health problem on Guam was assessed by retrospective analysis of birth and death certificates, as well as chart review of hospital deaths for complications. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is common on Guam; insulin-dependent diabetes is rare. Diabetes and diabetes-associated mortality rates were similar to those of the general United States population; however, the age-specific rates in persons aged 45 yr and over were two to three times greater. The mean age of the Guam population is only 18.9 yr, about 10 yr younger than the United States mainland. These circumstances could result in the number of persons aged 45 yr and over increasing disproportionately in the future, increasing dramatically the number of persons at risk to develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The population found to have the highest rates for diabetes and related complications was the Chamorros (indigenous Guamanians), who comprise the major population group of the Territory. This population experinced most of the complications associated with diabetes, heart disease and hypertension being important causes of morbidity and mortality on Guam. It is likely that many of the complications of pregnancy associated with diabetes go unrecognized. The cost of diabetes to the Territory was estimated to be at least 3 million dollars per year.
The Colonial Physician and Other Essays
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

While preparing his doctoral dissertation for the PhD degree in history, Whitfield J. Bell became interested in the physicians of 18th-century Philadelphia, and his subsequent work in medical history shows how an apparently narrow focus can brilliantly illuminate a vast area. Philadelphia we can regard as a microcosm, and careful study of a small geographic region, when carried out by a master, can lead us into the whole of 18th-century medical and cultural history. Bell performed a particular service by studying especially the lesser known physicians, the practitioners of the second and even the third rank who, nevertheless, revealed clearly the cultural levels, the social problems, and the intellectual struggles of that era. The various essays here reprinted cover a wide range of subjects, written over a span of 30 years. We might note a few of the physicians discussed. In the essay on Thomas Park (1749-1835), a practitioner for
Can 'artificial blood' live up to public billing?
Authors: Virginia Snodgrass Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The complex story of the substance known as "artificial blood" continues to unfold in the lay press, while the medical community wonders whether the compound can live up to its public billing and what function it should serve in blood banking. The group of compounds called perfluorochemicals, with their oxygen-carrying capacity, have been around for about two decades, but the first commercially produced one is Fluosol, distributed in the United States by Alpha Therapeutics Corp, a subsidiary of the Green Cross Corp of Osaka, Japan. The term artificial blood, so much used in the popular press, is universally disliked by those who work with the compound, which is not artificial blood at all but an oxygen transport medium and plasma expander. Fluosol only does the job of hemoglobin, its effects last only about 72 hours, and it lacks clotting factors and other properties of the real thing (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS]