tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in mice.
Authors: K Shiota, H Nishimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were mixed with diet at graded levels of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2. 0.4 and 1.0 wt-% and given to pregnant ICR mice throughout gestation. Maternal weight gain was suppressed and fetal resorption increased at 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0% levels of DEHP and 1.0% level of DBP. All the implanted ova died early in rats fed 0.4 and 1.0% levels of DEHP. External malformations increased significantly by 0.2% DEHP, and 1.0% DBP showed borderline significance. The major malformations in treated groups were neural tube defects (exencephaly and myeloschisis), suggesting that the phthalic acid esters (PAEs) affect neural tube closure in developing embryos. Treatment with the compounds caused intrauterine growth retardation and delayed ossification with an apparently dose-related response pattern. These results indicate that a high dose of DEHP and DBP might be embryotoxic and teratogenic in mice. The maximum nonembryotoxic doses of PAEs in mice were more than 2000 times the estimated level of human intake through the food chain. Thus it is assumed that the current "normal" exposure level of PAEs dose not pose an imminent threat to human fetal development.
Transaortic occlusion of collateral arteries to the lung by detachable valved balloons in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: V S Grinnell, C M Mehringer, G B Hieshima, P Stanley, P R Lurie
Journal: Circulation (1982)

A 5-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot, near-atresia of the right ventricular outflow tract and large collateral arteries to the lungs underwent an infundibulectomy without closure of the ventricular septal defect. Further surgery required preliminary reduction of the collateral circulation. The collateral arteries were successfully occluded by metrizimide-filled balloons. There was no change in arterial oxygen saturation, nor were there any complications. This new technique has significant advantages over existing alternatives.
Mechanisms for increased expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) in lactating rats
Authors: Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Donna J. Coy, Antony T. Athippozhy, Tianyong Zhao, Brett R. Jones, Mary Vore
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and the bile acid pool size are increased 2 to 3-fold in lactating postpartum rats. We investigated the interaction of nuclear receptors with the Cyp7a1 proximal promoter and the expression of regulatory signaling pathways in postpartum rats at day 10 (PPd10) versus female controls to identify the mechanisms of increased expression of Cyp7a1, which is maximal at 16 hours. Liver X receptor (LXRalpha) and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) recruitment to Cyp7a1 chromatin were increased 1.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, at 16 hours on PPd10. Expression of nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR), LXRalpha, liver receptor homolog (LRH-1), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), and short heterodimer partner (SHP) messenger RNA (mRNA) and coactivator peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA was unchanged in PPd10 versus controls at 16 hours, whereas chicken ovalbumin upstream transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) was decreased 40% at 16 hours. Investigation of a repressive signaling pathway, the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in PPd10 versus controls, showed decreased mRNA expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF; decreased 60% at 16 hours) and tyrosine kinase receptor c-Met (decreased 44%-50% at 16 hours), but these were not accompanied by decreased expression of phosphorylated c-Jun. Importantly, expression of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) mRNA in the ileum was decreased 70% in PPd10 versus controls, whereas phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) protein expression in liver was decreased 88% at 16 hours.The increased recruitment of LXRalpha, a Cyp7a1 stimulatory pathway, and decreased expression of FGF15 and phosphorylated Erk1/2, a Cyp7a1 repressive pathway, combined to increase Cyp7a1 expression during lactation.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Authors: Rahul Sangal
Journal: JAMA (1985)

NEUROLEPTICS are useful medicines widely used to control psychosis and agitation. They have numerous side effects, including little-understood ones such as tardive dyskinesia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The latter is a rare side effect of most neuroleptics, including haloperidol, fluphenazine decanoate, and chlorpromazine. The occurrence of NMS does not seem to be related to dose or drug interactions. It is more likely to occur in young men, patients with brain disorders, and persons treated with depot-injection preparations, while heat stress, physical exhaustion, or dehydration may predispose to the syndrome.<sup>1-3</sup>Findings include hyperpyrexia, rigidity, dysphagia, dyskinesia, akinesia, delirium, sialorrhea, tachypnea-dyspnea, tachycardia, labile hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, elevation in creatine kinase and liver function values, and respiratory acidosis.<sup>3</sup>Death rates range from 20% to 38%, and death may occur because of complications such as cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, aspiration pneumonia, respiratory failure, and rhabdomyolysis with myoglobinuria and acute renal
Review: A dichotomized ABCD2 score has limited ability to predict stroke risk ≤ 90 days after TIA
Authors: Michael D. Hill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club16 April 2013Review: A dichotomized ABCD2 score has limited ability to predict stroke risk ≤ 90 days after TIAMichael D. Hill, MDMichael D. Hill, MDUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.D.H.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-8-201304160-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSanders LM, Srikanth VK, Blacker DJ, et al. Performance of the ABCD2 score for stroke risk post TIA: meta-analysis and probability modeling. Neurology. 2012;79:971-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22700810Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Neurology: References1 Wu CM, McLaughlin K, Lorenzetti DL, et al. Early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Int Med. 2007;167:2417-22. [PMID: 18071162] Google Scholar2 Perry JJ, Sharma M, Sivilotti ML, et al. Prospective validation of the ABCD2 score for patients in the emergency department with transient ischemic attack. CMAJ. 2011;183:1137-45. [PMID: 21646462] Google Scholar3 Coutts SB, Sylaja PN, Choi YB, et al. The ASPIRE approach for TIA risk stratification. Can J Neurol Sci. 2011;38:78-81. [PMID: 21156434] Google Scholar4 Coutts SB, Modi J, Patel SK, et al; Calgary Stroke Program. CT/CT angiography and MRI findings predict recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: results of the prospective CATCH study. Stroke. 2012;43:1013-7. [PMID: 22302109] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael D. Hill, MDAffiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.D.H.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 April 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 8Page: JC12KeywordsBrainDiabetes mellitusIschemiaIschemic strokeLesionsNeuroimagingNeurologySpecificityStrokeTransient ischemic attacks ePublished: 16 April 2013 Issue Published: 16 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Let's abandon hope
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In essence it’s a very simple recipe. First, typically, are the rodents. Photogenic mice seem particularly popular, but hamsters or even rats will do. Next to go in is the mysterious new substance with its wonderfully complicated code name. And then concocting this mix are the men and women in white coats, who really ought to be filmed in a lab, against a backdrop of fancy glassware.

These are standard elements of many a “drug breakthrough.” So predictable is their appearance that it’s easy to turn …
A CASE OF LINEAR NAEVUS APPEARING AFTER X-RAY THERAPY
Authors: GODFREY BAMBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article A CASE OF LINEAR NÆVUS APPEARING AFTER X‐RAY THERAPY Get access GODFREY BAMBER, M.D.Cantab., M.R.C.P. Lond. GODFREY BAMBER, M.D.Cantab., M.R.C.P. Lond. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Pages 411–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09823.x Published: 01 October 1935
Effectiveness of Endoscopic Treatment Modalities in Complicated Hepatic Hydatid Disease after Surgical Intervention
Authors: ü. Saritas, E. Parlak, M. Akoglu, B. Sahin
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Hepatic hydatid cyst is a common disease in Turkey and the rupture of the cyst into the biliary tract is the most common complication which is difficult to detect and to manage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment modalities in hydatid cyst patients with biliary complications who had previously undergone surgery.Over the last 8 years, by means of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), we have examined 87 patients with postoperative biliary symptoms who had previously undergone surgery for hepatic hydatid disease of the liver. Endoscopic treatment modalities were as follows: endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and nasobiliary drainage in patients with biliary fistula; balloon and or bougie dilation and stenting in patients with biliary stricture; and ES and balloon extraction in patients with residual hydatid material within the bile duct.Findings from ERCP included biliary fistula in 55 patients (63.2 %), biliary stricture in 16 (18.4 %), and residual hydatid material within the bile duct in 14 (16.1 %). Two patients had normal findings on ERCP. In total, 85 patients were treated by means of endoscopic modalities. The time to closure of fistula was 17.8 +/- 5 days and the rate of fistula closure was 81 %. Biliary stenting was performed in 13 patients with biliary stricture. Endoscopic removal of hydatid material was achieved in 14 patients. The overall success rate of endoscopic treatment was 86 %, and a second surgical intervention was required only in six patients. No serious complication was encountered after endoscopic procedures.Endoscopic treatment modalities are safe and helpful methods for the treatment of biliary complications of hepatic hydatid cyst in the postoperative period.
Concurrent Zidovudine Levels in Semen and Serum Determined by Radioimmunoassay in Patients With AIDS or AIDS-Related Complex
Authors: Keith Henry, Barbara J. Chinnock, Richard P. Quinn, Courtney V. Fletcher, Paulo de Miranda, Henry H. Balfour
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Zidovudine was present in the semen and serum of six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or the related complex who were receiving 200 mg of the drug orally every four to six hours. Mean semen zidovudine levels (as measured by a new radioimmunoassay) in samples collected 0.75 to 1.25 hours after oral dosing were 3.63 to 7.19 mumol/L. Levels in semen samples collected 3.0 to 4.5 hours after oral dosing were 1.68 to 6.43 mumol/L. These values are above the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Mean serum concentrations at the early and late times after oral dosing were 0.22 to 3.07 mumol/L and 0.10 to 1.42 mumol/L, respectively. Ratios of semen/serum zidovudine levels ranged from 1.3 to 20.4. It is possible that a pH-dependent trapping mechanism, which has been described in the prostate for other antibiotics, was responsible for the relatively high semen levels observed.
Next steps in trial registration
Authors: Kamran Abbasi, Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Minimum criteria have been agreed, and intentions restated 

Last year medical journals responded to the growing clamour for greater transparency in the conduct of clinical trials by deciding to require registration of trials that are submitted for publication.1 Various groups have proposed criteria to clarify the implementation of this policy.2 3 These moves have received a mostly positive response from the public, regulators, and industry. Associations of pharmaceutical companies have signalled their support for registration of trials and recording of results although, regrettably, registration will only be voluntary.4 Individual pharmaceutical companies have announced their own initiatives, albeit under pressure from lawmakers and the needs of the market. 5

Now the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has announced …
Ethnic Origin and Serum Levels of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> Are Independent Predictors of Coronary Calcium Mass Measured by Electron-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Terence M. Doherty, Weiyi Tang, Steven Dascalos, Karol E. Watson, Linda L. Demer, Robert M. Shavelle, Robert C. Detrano
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Blacks have been found to have lower amounts of coronary calcium as well as higher levels of the osteoregulatory steroid 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] than whites. We sought to determine if racial differences in coronary calcium mass could be explained by differences in serum levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Methods and Results We evaluated standard coronary risk factors, quantified coronary calcium mass with electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT), and measured serum 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 with radioimmunoassay in 283 high-risk subjects (51 [18%] black, 232 [82%] white). Black subjects had lower masses of coronary calcium than whites (14 versus 47 mg; P =.003). Serum 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels were slightly higher in blacks (41 versus 38 pg/mL; P =.05). Log 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels were inversely proportional to log-transformed calcium mass ( r =−.19; P =.001) in both races. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that both black race ( P =.02) and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels ( P =.007) contributed inversely and independently to coronary calcium mass. However, an interaction term of race×1,25(OH) 2 D 3 did not significantly contribute to coronary calcium mass, indicating that other undetermined factors in addition to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 are responsible for ethnic differences in coronary calcium mass. Conclusions Both black race and serum levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 are independent negative determinants of coronary calcium mass. Nevertheless, diminished amounts of coronary calcium in blacks are not accounted for by higher 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels.
THE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLIOVIRUS-NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY
Authors: Sven-Eric Svehag, Benjamin Mandel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Rapid formation of poliovirus-neutralizing antibody was observed in the rabbit. 19S type antibody was detectable 8 to 12 hours following a single intravenous virus injection and the induction period was of the order of 4 to 5 hours or less. The production of 7S antibody had a longer lag phase (1(1/2) to 2 days) and it was formed at slower rate. The observed rate of early 19S and 7S antibody formation as well as the peak titers of the two antibodies were antigen dose dependent. Normal rabbit sera showed low neutralizing activity to several viral antigens in a sensitive assay system. Following intravenous inoculation of poliovirus either transitory ( 1 month) or enduring ((3/4) to 1(1/2) year) antibody formation resulted depending upon the dose of antigen employed. In transitory responses, which could be induced by a single small antigen dose, only 19S antibody was demonstrable and there was an abrupt cessation of antibody synthesis on day 4 or 5. In enduring responses, both 19S and 7S antibody were formed and the minimum antigen dose required for initiation of such a response was equal to the dose needed for induction of 7S antibody formation. Thus, enduring antibody formation was an all-or-none phenomenon depending upon whether or not 7S antibody formation was induced. The antigen dose requirement for induction of 7S antibody was much higher (by 50-fold or more) than that for 19S antibody. This allowed a determination of antigen dose regions, within which predictably transitory (19S) or enduring (19S + 7S) antibody formation was obtained. These pronounced differences in antigen dose requirement for induction and kinetics of formation of 19S and 7S antibody suggest that the same cells do not participate in the formation of the two antibodies.
Endothelial lipase provides an alternative pathway for FFA uptake in lipoprotein lipase–deficient mouse adipose tissue
Authors: Dagmar Kratky, Robert Zimmermann, Elke M. Wagner, Juliane G. Strauss, Weijun Jin, Gerhard M. Kostner, Guenter Haemmerle, Daniel J. Rader, Rudolf Zechner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is thought to be the only enzyme responsible for the catabolism of triglycerides (TGs) associated with TG-rich lipoproteins in adipose tissue (AT). However, LPL deficiency in humans and induced mutant mice is not associated with decreased fat mass. We investigated whether endothelial lipase (EL), a recently discovered phospholipase, might represent an alternative mechanism for the uptake of phospholipid-derived fatty acids in murine lipoprotein-deficient AT. When LPL was expressed in AT and isolated murine adipocytes, EL mRNA was not detectable. In contrast, mouse AT and isolated adipocytes that lacked LPL expressed large amounts of EL mRNA. The cellular phospholipase activity in LPL-deficient fat pads was increased 4-fold compared with control fat pads and could be inhibited to control levels by a specific EL antibody. Fatty acids produced by EL activity were absorbed by adipocytes and incorporated into the TG moiety of AT. Our results suggest that EL activity in AT and other peripheral tissues might contribute to the tissue uptake of free fatty acids, which could have important implications for the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins.
Geoffrey Edward Heald
Authors: J. Heald
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Geoffrey Edward Heald chose to work in an inner city area and took singlehanded practice in Hulme, Manchester. He joined up with four neighbouring practices and, in the early days for such ventures, a group practice was formed. They bought a piece of land from the city council and built Hulme House in 1962, one of the very first custom-built doctors’ premises in the North. The close-knit, neighbourly society, living in the Lowry-like crowded streets, …
Effects of tissue factor induced by oxygen free radicals on coronary flow during reperfusion
Authors: Paolo Golino, Massimo Ragni, Plinio Cirillo, V. Enrico Avvdimento, Antonio Feliciello, Nicolino Esposito, Annalisa Scognamiglio, Bruno Trimarco, Guido Iaccarino, Mario Condorelli, Massimo Chiariello, Giuseppe Ambrosio
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Oral Fluoroquinolone Therapy for Clostridium difficile Enterocolitis
Authors: Ronald V. Loge
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  In a letter to the editor by Dr Lettau 1 and the reply by Drs Gerding and Gebhard, 2 it was suggested that oral fluoroquinolones may be a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea. This suggestion was made despite the acknowledgment that ciprofloxacin has relatively limited in vitro activity against C difficile . However, one might anticipate that the potent fluoroquinolones would join the great number of broad-spectrum antibiotics implicated in antibiotic-associated C difficile diarrhea. The following case shows that this is so.  Report of a Case.—  A 61-year-old woman with diabetes presented with acute paronychia as a result of an ingrown toenail. The nail spicule was removed and she was given ciprofloxacin (500 mg orally twice daily for 7 days). After 1 week she developed diarrhea, with mushy frequent stools. The diarrhea persisted for 2 weeks, at which point a surgeon performed a
DISTURBED SURFACE AREA PROPORTIONS IN A CASE OF SUSPECTED OVARIAN HYPERFUNCTION
Authors: SAMUEL GORDON BERKOW
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A previous report<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that the surface area proportions of the head, trunk, upper extremities and lower extremities are nearly constant in adults, and that in infants and children the proportions of these parts are different, varying with age until, gradually, adult proportions are assumed. The head, it was demonstrated, decreased from 18 per cent of the total area at birth to 6 per cent in the adult; the lower extremities increased from 25 per cent at birth to 38 per cent in the adult. The trunk and upper extremities varied less progressively. The extremes of variation from the average proportions of seventeen adults of various physical conformation were: head, +0.8 and -0.4; upper extremities, +1 and -2.9; trunk, +6 and -2.3, and lower extremities, +2 and -4.2. The component parts of the upper extremities were: arms, 26 per cent; hands, 73 per cent; lower extremities: thighs, 50 per
A Realistic Journal Reading Plan: Quality as Well as Quantity-Reply
Authors: William E. Scheckler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Drs Kaplan and Caldroney make valid suggestions. I agree with them. As a practical matter, however, the practicing physician needs to depend on the skill of the journal editors and their outside consultants (peers, referees) to review the methodology, statistical tests, and discussions of published original articles as an aid in verifying their validity. Therefore, you must select your journals with care!  A good example of this peer-review process in action has recently been published in a series of articles and editorials on multiple sclerosis.1-4
Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases
Authors: Ila Joshi, Lisa M. Minter, Janice Telfer, Renée M. Demarest, Anthony J. Capobianco, Jon C. Aster, Piotr Sicinski, Abdul Fauq, Todd E. Golde, Barbara A. Osborne
Journal: Blood (2008)
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Human Lymphoid Neoplasms
Authors: THOMAS A. WALDMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Immunoglobulin genes responsible for individual antibodies are organized as discontinuous DNA segments in their germline form. As an uncommitted stem cell develops into an antibody-synthesizing plasma cell, rearrangements of these immunoglobulin gene segments serve to activate the genes and to generate the virtually unlimited capacity to synthesize antibodies that recognize potential antigens. The analysis of immunoglobulin gene structure and arrangement has been of immense value in the study of human lymphoid neoplasms. Recombinant DNA technology involving analysis of immunoglobulin gene arrangement has been used to classify neoplasms of previously uncertain lineage, aid in the diagnosis of neoplasms of the B-cell series, and define the state of differentiation of neoplastic B-cell precursors. Furthermore, the demonstration of translocation of a particular transforming gene, the c-myc oncogene, into the immunoglobulin gene locus in Burkitt's lymphoma has provided a major insight into the cause of malignant transformation of these lymphoid cells.