tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The saga of 'artificial blood'
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Intraduodenal Glucose Administration on Hepatic Extraction of Insulin in the Anesthetized Dog
Authors: Melvin Kaden, Philip Harding, James B. Field
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Extraction of insulin by the liver after administration of glucose in the duodenum has been studied in fourteen anesthetized dogs. Plasma insulin and glucose were measured in the portal vein hepatic vein and hepatic artery. During the control period 40±3% of the approximately 11 mU of insulin presented to the liver/min was removed during a single transhepatic passage. Within 5 min after glucose administration, the amount of insulin reaching the liver increased significantly. In some animals this increase preceded any significant increase in the glucose concentration of the femoral artery. After glucose administration, hepatic extraction of insulin remained unchanged in five animals and rose significantly in nine. In five of the latter animals, the increase may have been more apparent than real due to nonrepresentative sampling of hepatic venous blood. However, for the whole group of animals, comparison of arterial insulin levels with the amount of insulin delivered to the liver suggested a transient increase in insulin extraction between 5 and 50 min after glucose administration. In no animal was there a decrease in the proportion of insulin extracted by the liver after glucose administration. The results indicate that the extraction process is not saturable at physiological insulin levels. Prior to glucose administration, net hepatic glucose output averaged between 30 and 40 mg/min. After glucose administration, the liver began to take up glucose and there was a significant correlation between hepatic glucose uptake and the amount of insulin reaching the liver. However, since the amount of glucose presented to the liver also increased, it is not established that the insulin was responsible for the change in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism.
A CASE OF UNILATERAL LENTIGINES WITH MENTAL DEFICIENCY
Authors: D. CAPPON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article A CASE OF UNILATERAL LENTIGINES WITH MENTAL DEFICIENCY Get access D. CAPPON, M.B., B.S., D.P.M. D. CAPPON, M.B., B.S., D.P.M. Formerly Psychiatrist and Physician, B.M.H., Poona, India Command Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 11, 1 November 1948, Pages 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb10953.x Published: 01 November 1948
IAMP tackles a void in medical education: leadership
Authors: Rebekah E Gee, Tero Jarvinen, Tanvira A Sultana, Raul Destura, Biljana Gjoneska
Journal: The Lancet (2012)

David Holmes's Profile (Oct 22, p 1455)1 quoted Steve Wesselingh, the dean of Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, as stating: "academic institutions have an enormous amount of expertise and knowledge, but rarely are they engaged in the process of health and social policy". The inaugural Inter Academy Medical Panel (IAMP) Young Physician Leaders (YPL) programme held during the third World Health Summit in Berlin, Germany, attempted to address this deficit.2 IAMP sent out a global call for nominations for physicians aged 40 years or younger with demonstrated leadership skills in medicine or public health, and 22 participants were chosen, representing 18 countries—low-income, middle-income, and high-income—and diverse physician specialties.
24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in the ACCOMPLISH Trial
Authors: Kenneth A. Jamerson, George L. Bakris, Michael A. Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

correspondence 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure in the ACCOMPLISH TrialTo the Editor: Although lowering blood pressure with any effective therapy reduces cardiovascular risk, the Avoiding Cardiovascular Events through Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial 1 showed a 20% greater reduction in cardiovascular events among patients receiving a combination of benazepril plus amlodipine than among those receiving benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazide, despite similar blood-pressure readings at study visits.However, some observers speculated that the two drug regimens may have exerted different effects on the 24-hour blood-pressure profile that favored the amlodi pine group. 2 Moreover, in previous trials of drugs for reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension, either hydrochlorothiazide was administered at higher doses (50 mg to 100 mg) than the doses of 12.5 mg to 25 mg used in the ACCOMPLISH trial or the diuretic chlorthalidone, which has a longer duration of effect than hydrochlorothiazide, was used. 3 In a substudy during year 2 of the ACCOMPLISH trial, 573 subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring.Subjects were recruited from the U.S. cohort and did not differ in baseline clinical characteristics from the overall study population.Between-group differences in
Paclitaxel Plus Ifosfamide Followed by High-Dose Carboplatin Plus Etoposide in Previously Treated Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: G. Varuni Kondagunta, Jennifer Bacik, Joel Sheinfeld, Dean Bajorin, Manjit Bains, Lillian Reich, John Deluca, Amy Budnick, Nicole Ishill, Madhu Mazumdar, George J. Bosl, Robert J. Motzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To evaluate the optimal dose of carboplatin as well as the efficacy and tolerability of sequential, dose-intense chemotherapy with paclitaxel and ifosfamide followed by carboplatin and etoposide (TICE) plus peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) support in patients with germ cell tumors (GCT) who are likely to experience treatment failure with conventional-dose salvage treatment. This prospective trial followed a similarly designed report of TICE, which used a different means of carboplatin dosing. Patients and Methods The 48 patients entered onto this trial had progressive GCT and unfavorable prognostic features after chemotherapy. Two cycles of paclitaxel plus ifosfamide were administered with leukapheresis, followed by three cycles of carboplatin plus etoposide with reinfusion of PBSC. Results Twenty-three (49%) of 47 assessable patients achieved a complete response (CR) to chemotherapy. An additional three patients (6%) achieved a CR to chemotherapy and surgery. The CR rate was 55%. Six patients experienced relapse, but 24 patients (51%) are alive and free of disease at a median follow-up time of 40 months. Four patients who experienced relapse or achieved an incomplete response were rendered disease free by salvage surgical resection. When combined with results of the prior trial of similar design, TICE chemotherapy yielded an overall CR of 56% (n = 84), with 50% of patients alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion TICE is an effective and tolerable dose-intense treatment for patients with previously treated metastatic GCT who have a poor predicted outcome to conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy.
Procedures in practice. Prostatic biopsy.
Authors: J R Rhind
Journal: BMJ (1980)

UrethraA diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate based purely on digital ~~,1 ~~examination will be correct in only 70% of cases.Transitional carcinoma E'ocutotory ducts may arise in the prostate, as may more rarely sarcoma.The "fibrous prostate," granulomatous prostatitis, and stones may also result in a prostate that feels firmer than normal.Qestrogens or orchidectomy will be ..of no benefit in these conditions and may cause harm.Histological or cytological proof of the diagnosis is essential.Examination of prostatic tissue obtained by biopsy has been used to judge the response of a tumour to either hormonal or cytotoxic and ~~~manipulation.Culture of the prostate may be useful in difficult cases of prostatitis.e...
Apartheid and the Academic Boycott of South Africa
Authors: Maurice McGregor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE liberal universities in South Africa, already under attack from persons on both the left and the right in their own country, now face a new challenge from overseas — the academic boycott. It is important that the causes and consequences of this boycott be clearly understood.Academic boycott means, in this context, the policy of deliberate isolation of South African universities and academics. It ranges from the refusal of foreign academics to visit South Africa or to evaluate a South African thesis to the refusal of institutions to receive South African students or academics, irrespective of their politics or . . .
Reliability of anergy skin testing in persons with HIV infection. The pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group.
Authors: D P Chin, D Osmond, K Page-Shafer, J Glassroth, M J Rosen, L B Reichman, P A Kvale, J M Wallace, W K Poole, P C Hopewell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Testing with antigens that elicit delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions is commonly used to evaluate immune competence in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; however, the reliability of such testing has not been determined. We performed serial testing with tuberculin, mumps, and Candida antigens in 491 HIV-infected persons and found that 30% of persons who initially had no reaction (0 mm) to any of the three antigens, and, thus, were considered to be anergic, had reaction to the mumps or Candida antigen when they were retested 12 months later. We also examined the results of mumps antigen tests in 50 subjects who had a negative tuberculin tests after an initial positive test. The mumps antigen test was positive in 39% of the subjects when the tuberculin test was falsely negative. We conclude that tests commonly used to define anergy cannot reliably identify the anergic state. Moreover, using the mumps antigen to aid in the interpretation of the tuberculin test will often lead to erroneous conclusions. These data indicate that the results of anergy testing should not be used to make individual patient decisions concerning preventive therapy for tuberculosis.
Immunohistochemical detection of advanced glycation end products in dialysis-related amyloidosis
Authors: Toshimitsu Niwa, Shigeru Miyazaki, Tomoyuki Katsuzaki, Noriyuki Tatemichi, Yoshifumi Takei, Takashi Miyazaki, Takashi Morita, Yoshihei Hirasawa
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
The Value of Routine Preoperative Chest Roentgenograms in Infants and Children
Authors: Peter B. Farnsworth, Edward Steiner, Robert M. Klein, Joseph A. SanFilippo
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The charts and routine preoperative roentgenograms of 350 children admitted for elective pediatric surgery were analyzed to evaluate the clinical importance of routine preoperative chest roentgenograms. This analysis, and a review of the literature, should indicate that routine preoperative roentgenograms for elective pediatric surgery are unnecessary. Indications for selected preoperative roentgenograms based on patients' history and clinical findings are enumerated. (<i>JAMA</i>244:582-583, 1980)
Doctors should be trained in understanding disability, commission is told
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Doctors and nurses should receive compulsory training in understanding disability, and disabled and mentally ill patients should be offered yearly check ups, the Disability Rights Commission heard last week as it launched the second phase of its research into health inequality.

The evidence came from Andrew Lee of the advocacy group People First. Over the next three months a panel of health experts headed by the barrister David Wolfe—a specialist in health law and disability at the law firm Matrix Chambers—will hear evidence from leading campaign groups and NHS professionals …
Publishing the results of sponsored clinical research.
Authors: A Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

positions and are concentrated in a narrower range of occupations than white people and in low paid jobs.5When regional health authorities consult voluntary organisations they are usually from the "traditional white" voluntary sector.3If people from ethnic minorities are recruited they may feel marginalised or isolated.They want to be recruited on merit and not as a token gesture to ensure a "black face" on the board.Equality Across the Board comes up with nearly 30 recom- mendations to ensure that recruitment to NHS boards is more equitable.The report is adamant that the lead must come from ministers, who should issue written guidance to regional health authorities on recruitment practices and consult the chairperson of these authorities about setting recruitment goals.Closer to home, ministers should look at the composition of the NHS Policy Board and the NHS Management Executive-neither includes anyone from an ethnic minority.Employing people from ethnic minorities in senior positions in the NHS gives a clear signal that the NHS values their contribution and can offer a good career path to able and well qualified young people from ethnic minorities.Ministers should establish a "corporate race initiative," a high profile unit that looks at all issues related to race in the NHS, from board membership to employment and the provision of services, says the report.To be effective the people working in the unit would need to have adequate power and resources.Ideally the person leading the initiative should report directly to the chief executive of the NHS Management Executive and be on the NHS Management Executive's board.The initiative should advise ministers on appointment procedures for non-executive members and advise authorities and trusts on implementing fair recruitment procedures.The report says that it should make links with various ethnic minority organisations and implement programmes of positive action for people from ethnic minorities such as fast track management courses.Health authorities and trusts should produce job descriptions for jobs at board level and advertise them in the black press.
Cytological Changes in the Sweat Gland in Hypothyroidism
Authors: Myron A. Means
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Biopsy specimens have been obtained from the skin of 28 patients with proven or suspected hypothyroidism. Specific cytologic changes were found in the eccrine sweat glands in all patients who were under treatment for less than 4 months and in some patients who had been treated for a year or longer. Skin biopsy may provide a simple and useful method for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, particularly when conventional tests are impracticable.
Postoperative Use of Hypnosis on a Cardiovascular Service
Authors: William P. Smedley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

HICCUPS are involuntary spasms of inspiratory movements of the diaphragm checked suddenly by closure of the glottis. Hiccups are of medical importance only when they are persistent. Persistent hiccups occur most often in a setting of serious illness, yet the causes are usually obscure. The center for the reflex is considered to be in the uppercervical segments of the spinal cord. Afferent stimuli are transmitted principally by the vagus nerves and by the phrenic nerves via sensory fibers. The efferent path is primarily the phrenic nerves, but the accessory muscles of respiration may also participate.<sup>1</sup> In considering the etiology of hiccups, several possibilities should be kept in mind. First, the stimulus mediated over the phrenic nerve to one hemidiaphragm or the other may be due to distention of the stomach. Therefore, the introduction of a nasogastric tube is in order. Second, if no gastric distention exists, plasma electrolyte determinations
Thyroid Function Testing in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Devina L. Willard, Angela M. Leung, Elizabeth N. Pearce
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Hypothyroidism is present in 1.4% to 13% of patients with hyperlipidemia.1 Overt hypothyroidism is a secondary cause of hyperlipidemia and associated coronary heart disease.2 Cholesterol profiles may be improved by treating overt hypothyroidism.
Prophylaxis should be considered even for trivial animal bites
Authors: M. S Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—In their report of a case of purpura fulminans caused by infection with Capnocytophaga canimorsus after a dog bite, D J Mellor and colleagues suggested that Pasteurella spp, Staphylococcus aureus , and anaerobic organisms were susceptible to erythromycin and tetracycline.1 Unfortunately, as few …
Radiologists Display Powerful New Tools
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THIS YEAR marks the 100th anniversary of Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of x-rays. Judging from the 80th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), held in Chicago, Ill, radiology's cornucopia of new tools for clinical research, diagnosis, and treatment is overflowing. Among the more noteworthy presentations were those on virtual reality technology to aid in diagnosing colon and lung cancer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—guided radiofrequency thermal ablation for destroying brain tumors, magnetic resonance techniques for imaging the entire body in as little as 18 seconds, insights into why human sperm have to "ride the wave," some very postmortem findings about Ötzi, the Bronze Age "Ice Man," and the unveiling of a downloadable cadaver. <h3>Have a Cadaver</h3> At the RSNA meeting, the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Bethesda, Md, unveiled for the first time the Visible Man, a cyberspace cadaver that is now available through the
Tissue response of gastric mucosa after ingestion of fluoride.
Authors: C. J. Spak, S. Sjostedt, L. Eleborg, B. Veress, L. Perbeck, J. Ekstrand
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Chez 12 temoins volontaires normaux, les endoscopies montrent que l'ingestion d'une solution de fluorure de sodium contenant 20 mg de fluor provoque dans tous les cas alterations de la muqueuse gastrique (petechies, erosions, deformation des cellules epitheliales, pertes de mucine). Il est possible que ces effets disparaissent apres traitement prolonges a doses faibles, qui sont souvent benefiques dans le traitement de l'osteoporose ou la prevention des caries
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Angiotensin II–Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Daisuke Nagata, Ryo Takeda, Masataka Sata, Hiroshi Satonaka, Etsu Suzuki, Tetsuo Nagano, Yasunobu Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a stress-activated protein kinase that works as a metabolic sensor of cellular ATP levels. Here, we investigated whether AMPK signaling has a role in the regulation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation signal in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results— Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat VSMCs and inhibited Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation but not that of p38 MAPK or Akt/PKB. Although Ang II activated AMPK, this activation was significantly inhibited by catalase, N -acetylcysteine, and diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Moreover, the observation that AMPK was activated by H 2 O 2 suggests that AMPK is redox sensitive. The Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan but not the Ang II type 2 receptor antagonist PD123319 significantly inhibited Ang II-induced AMPK activation, suggesting that Ang II-induced AMPK activation was Ang II type 1 receptor dependent. Whereas 3 H-thymidine incorporation by VSMCs treated with Ang II was significantly inhibited when the cells were pretreated with 1 mmol/L AICAR, the inhibition of AMPK by dominant-negative AMPK overexpression augmented Ang II-induced cell proliferation. Subcutaneous injection of AICAR (1 mg/g body weight per day) for 2 weeks suppressed neointimal formation after transluminal mechanical injury of the rat femoral artery. Conclusions— Our findings indicate that Ang II-induced AMPK activation is synchronized with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and that AMPK works as an inhibitor of the Ang II proliferative pathway. AMPK signaling might serve as a new therapeutic target of vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases.
Myocardial proteases and matrix remodeling in inflammatory heart disease
Authors: S RUTSCHOW, J LI, H SCHULTHEISS, M PAUSCHINGER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that myocardial inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of congestive heart failure. The myocardial inflammatory reaction not only affects myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis, but it has a major influence on the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover. The balance between collagen synthesis and degradation is of crucial relevance in maintaining the structural integrity of the heart. Therefore, the overwhelming inflammatory response, as seen in acute myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy, could lead to a breakdown of this tightly regulated system. This is an additional key factor in the development and progression of heart failure. This review summarizes the importance of myocardial inflammation in respect to extracellular matrix remodeling and its possible patho-physiological role in the development and progression of left ventricular dysfunction in inflammatory heart disease.
Vacuolar Myopathy in Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Patricia A. Lang, Garland H. Smith, William O. Green
Journal: JAMA (1965)

IN THE PAST, histological abnormalities of muscle in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus have been considered nonspecific.<sup>1-3</sup>Recent reports, however, have suggested that there may be a specific vacuolar myopathy associated with lupus erythematosus.<sup>4</sup>A patient having such an abnormality has been studied by us. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This white female was first seen at the University of Texas Medical Branch in 1957 at 45 years of age. At that time she had a 14-month history of low-grade fever, intermittent dysphagia, dull substernal chest pains, and fleeting joint pains. Physical examination showed a chronically ill individual with temperature, 99.6 F (37.7 C); pulse, 120 beats per minute; respirations, 24 per minute; and blood pressure, 114/80 mm Hg. A few scattered medium moist rales were heard over both lung bases, and dullness to percussion was present over the right base. Moderate cardiomegaly and a presystolic gallop were noted.
The DExD/H-box helicase Dicer-2 mediates the induction of antiviral activity in drosophila
Authors: Safia Deddouche, Nicolas Matt, Aidan Budd, Stefanie Mueller, Cordula Kemp, Delphine Galiana-Arnoux, Catherine Dostert, Christophe Antoniewski, Jules A Hoffmann, Jean-Luc Imler
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)