tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemochromatosis and venesection.
Authors: W H Crosby
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICAL JOURNA-L even more liberal in that its stipulation is three A levels, one of which is to be in chemistry.Nearly a quarter of a century ago when I entered the medical school at Birmingham I was able to do so with a background of Higher School Certificate in English, French, and History.This was made possible by the existence of a First M.B. course, now a rapidly disappearing institution in English medical schools.Surely there would be advantages in the inclusion of such a course or of an appropriate content of physics, chemistry, and biology in the first years of the medical course-I am, etc.,
Abstract 343: Molecular markers for detection of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes from patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Oddmund Nordgård, Mona Ulas, Gurpartap Singh, Thomas Fleischer, Camilla M. Sagerup, Rune Småland, Odd Terje Brustugun, Åslaug Helland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PURPOSE: Lung cancer retains its status as the most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.5 million cases diagnosed in 2007, accounting for about 12% of all cancers. Identifying microscopic lynph-node metastases, could have clinical importance in selecting patients for adjuvant treatment. The purpose of this study wasis to Iidentify and evaluate molecular markers for detection of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes from patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Candidate micrometasis markers were selected based on digital transcript profiling in EST and SAGE databases, searching for transcripts with high levels in lung cancers and very low levels in normal lymph nodes. Surfactant protein C (SFTPC) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA levels in tumor biopsies and resected regional lymp nodes (N=38) from 24 patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. A control material consisting of 22 normal mesenterial lymph nodes from patients undergoing surgery for benign colon disorders was analyzed in parallell. RESULTS: The median relative CK19SFTPC mRNA level in the non-small cell lung tumor biopsies were 446 times higher than the highest level in normal control lymph nodes. SFTPC mRNA was not detectable in the normal lymph nodes, whereas the tumor levels were high (Cq-values ranging from 17-25). Using the highest CK19 mRNA level in the normal lymph nodes as a cut-off, four out of five (80%) lymph nodes from patients with known lymph node metastases (by routine histology) had elevated CK19 levels. Accordingly, 5 (15%) of 33 lymph nodes from patients without known metastases (node-negative) had elevated levels of CK19 mRNA. SFTPC mRNA were detectable in 31 of the 33 lymph nodes from node-negative patients, although the median relative level was 7.1 times higher in the 5 lymph nodes from node-positive patients (P=0.002, Mann-Witney test). Elevated CK19 and SFTPC mRNA levels in regional lymph nodes without known metastases may reflect the presence of micrometastases. CONCLUSION: SFTPC and CK19 mRNA are promising surrogate markers for detection of micrometastases in regional lymph nodes from non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, clinical follow-up in a larger cohort is needed to eludicate the prognostic value of such findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-343
Fluconazole Prophylaxis in Patients with Leukemia
Authors: Hidecki Akiyama
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 November 1993Fluconazole Prophylaxis in Patients with LeukemiaHidecki Akiyama, MD, Hisashi Sakamaki, MD, and Yasusuke Onozawa, MDHidecki Akiyama, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Hisashi Sakamaki, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Yasusuke Onozawa, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Winston and coworkers [1] describe a prophylactic effect of fluconazole against colonization and superficial infections caused by Candida species other than Candida krusei in patients with acute leukemia. They observed an increased incidence of colonization by C. krusei but not by Torulopsis glabrata in the fluconazole group. We use fluconazole (200 mg/d) from the day of initiation of chemotherapy until the day when the neutrophil count exceeds 0.5 109/L in patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Between January 1991 and October 1992, we obtained surveillance cultures of the stool in 31 patients with acute leukemia who were receiving fluconazole ...References1. Winston DJ, Chandrasekar PH, Lazarus HM, Goodman JL, Silber JL, Horowitz H, et al. Fluconazole prophylaxis of fungal infection in patients with acute leukemia: results of a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 495-503. Google Scholar2. Stark A, Dale B, Toolis F. Fluconazole chemoprophylaxis in neutropenic patients (Letter). Br J Haematol. 1993; 83:348. Google Scholar3. Meunier F, Aoun M, Janssens M, Dekoster C, Paesmans M. Chemoprophylaxis of fungal infections in granulocytopenic patients using fluconazole vs oral amphotericin B. Drug Invest. 1991; 3:258-65. Google Scholar4. Rozenberg-Arska M, Dekker AW, Branger J, Verhoef J. A randomized study to compare oral fluconazole to amphotericin B in the prevention of fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1991; 27:369-76. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySensibilité au fluconazole de 164 souches de Candida spp. isolées d'hémocultures ou de prélèvements oropharyngés chez des patients recevant ou non une chimioprophylaxie par fluconazoleOne stop mycology 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 951-952KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaAmphotericinCandidaChemotherapyNeutropeniaNeutrophilsProphylaxisRisk managementSepsis Issue Published: 1 November 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Consensus statement on criteria for the persistent vegetative state is being developed
Authors: B. Jennett, R. Cranford, N. Zasler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Clare Dyer reports on a patient in a persistent vegetative state who the English High Court said should be allowed to die, and she refers to concern about the diagnostic criteria drawn up by the Royal College of Physicians.1 2 Although all three medical experts in the case testified that the patient was, in their opinion, in a persistent vegetative state, she did not …
TCTAP A-006 Impact of Polypharmacy on Adherence to Evidence-based Medications in Patients who Underwent Percutenous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Shaban Mohammed, Abdulrahaman Arabi, Ayman El-Menyar, Sabir Abdulkarim, Ahmed Awaisu, Awad Alqahtani, Khalid Al Siyabi, Tarek Aboughazala, Salah Arafa, Amina Sadiq, Rajvir Singh, Jassim Al suwaidi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A father's letter to his internist son
Authors: M G Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Dear Dave,

Last September I attended the biennial congress of the British congress of the British Society of the History of Medicine in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where I graduated 50 years ago.

After my presentation an elderly lady came over to me and asked, “Dr Jacoby, were you at Monkwearmouth Hospital?” I replied that I was and she said, “You treated me for diphtheria.”

I immediately remembered her — my first patient on my first day as a real doctor, 1 July 1943. I had been called to the outpatient department from the house staff's quarters. I walked down the long corridor, with windows bricked up in case of bomb blasts, wearing a long white starched coat, my stethescope dangling around …
Comment on Underwood et al. Preoperative A1C and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgical Procedures. Diabetes Care 2014;37:611–616
Authors: Ketan Dhatariya
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

I read with interest the paper by Underwood et al. (1). Their data give credence to the recommendations made by 2011 Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group national guideline on the management of people with diabetes undergoing surgery or procedures (2). The U.K. document suggests a cutoff HbA1c of 8.5% (69 mmol/mol) before proceeding to elective surgery to minimize the …
THE ROLE OF LEFT ATRIAL SHAPE IN PREDICTING EMBOLIC EVENTS IN MITRAL STENOSIS: INSIGHTS FROM 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Maria Pereira Nunes, Mark Handschumacher, Marcia Barbosa, Robert Levine, William Esteves, Vinicius Carvalho, Luis Rincon, Timothy Tan, Xin Zeng, Judy Hung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Blinded controlled trial comparing image recognition, diagnostic yield and management advice by doctor and nurse capsule endoscopists
Authors: K. Drew, R. Sidhu, D. Sanders, M. McAlindon
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The authors have previously shown that experience improves lesion identification1 in capsule endoscopy (CE) and that a nurse reader overcalled lesions but did not miss significant pathology.2 Diagnostic nurse endoscopy is widely accepted in the UK but there is little data regarding proficiency in diagnostic capsule endoscopy (CE). <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive CE videos read and reported by the nurse were examined by the doctor and vice versa in a blinded fashion and differences were arbitrated by a panel of both participants and two additional experts. The nurse is an experienced conventional endoscopist who had preread over 200 CE procedures; the doctor had read over 2000 CE videos. Gut symptoms refer to abdominal discomfort ± altered bowel habit and symptoms 'plus' with 'alarm' features (clinical or other investigation). Findings were considered 'insignificant' if they did not contribute to diagnosis or management. Data was analysed using a paired t test. <h3>Results</h3> Indications (95 patients, mean age 55 years, 35 male) included obscure bleeding (n=44), symptoms 'plus' (24), symptoms (12), coeliac disease (7), Crohn9s disease (5) and other (3). The number of thumbnails did not differ (p=0.24) but the doctor read more quickly (17 vs 24 min, p&lt;0.001). Of 262 landmarks recorded by both, 259 (99%) were identical (arbitrarily decided as within 10 frames). Diagnoses were made in 30 (32%) patients: both identified Crohn9s disease (n=9); NSAID enteropathy (6); active bleeding (4); coeliac disease (2); tumour (2); angioectasia, anastamotic ulcer, biopsy site, pouchitis and infectious enteropathy (1 each). The nurse, but not the doctor, commented on altered blood in the stomach felt by the panel to be significant. The doctor diagnosed an ulcerated Meckel9s diverticulum described by the nurse as an ulcerated stricture. A diverticulum was noted by the doctor but not the nurse in a patient presenting with anaemia who also had Crohn9s disease. Of 35 management decisions, 27 (77%) were identical. Of the remaining decisions, both nurse (n=2) and doctor (n=2) failed to suggest what the panel considered appropriate actions. The nurse suggested repeating CE after aspirin cessation when deemed unnecessary by the panel and both nurse (n=3) and doctor (n=1) suggested one form of endoscopy when another was felt more appropriate. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was no difference in landmark recognition or diagnostic yield between an experienced nurse endoscopist and a doctor CE reader. Moreover, management advice was not demonstrably different and varied only in the advised use of different endoscopes to target areas of the small bowel, for which there is no evidence on which to base practice.
Changing climate seen in efforts to tell public about smoking, health
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A few days ago, President Reagan signed into law the Smoking Prevention and Health Education Act. "This is an indication that those who are concerned about smoking and health are gaining strength. This bill could never have passed Congress three years ago," declares Matthew L. Myers, JD, a Washington, DC, lawyer and director of the Coalition on Smoking or Health. An even more realistic assessment of the bill's passage comes from David N. Sundwall, MD, a professional staff member of the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources chaired by Sen Orrin G. Hatch of Utah, one of the bill's sponsors. "It's astonishing it got through at all," Sundwall says. The legislation represents a "national public education effort designed to improve our awareness about what the surgeon general has said is the No. 1 preventable cause of death—cigarette smoking," Sen Hatch said during the final debate on the bill. "This
Nicotinic acid treatment of skin disorders
Authors: Jonathan K. Wilkin, Teresa B. Bentley, Dana L. Latour, E.William Rosenberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Nicotinic acid treatment of skin disorders Get access Jonathan K. Wilkin, Jonathan K. Wilkin The University of Texas Medical School at Houston 1194 Department of Dermatology, Houston, Texas 77030 Dr. J.K.Wilkin, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 1194 Medical School Main Building 6431 Fannin, Houston, Texas 77030, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teresa B. Bentley, Teresa B. Bentley The University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences Division of Dermatology Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dana L. Latour, Dana L. Latour The University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences Division of Dermatology Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.William Rosenberg E.William Rosenberg The University of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences Division of Dermatology Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 4, 1 April 1979, Pages 471–473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb01652.x Published: 01 April 1979
CONSORT statement requires closer examination
Authors: D. G Altman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Several correspondents have criticised the HOPE investigators for focusing on relative effects when the absolute benefit was very small. Twisselmann, in her summary of many responses on the website, comments: “It was noted that only the relative risk reduction was given in the study. This should have been accompanied by data on absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat and even number needed to harm (as per CONSORT guidelines).”1

This sentence may …
Early minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis during treatment of Philadelphia chromosome/Bcr-Abl–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Abl-tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571)
Authors: Urban J. Scheuring, Heike Pfeifer, Barbara Wassmann, Patrick Brück, Johannes Atta, Eduard K. Petershofen, Brigitte Gehrke, Harald Gschaidmeier, Dieter Hoelzer, Oliver G. Ottmann
Journal: Blood (2002)
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults
Authors: Neil J. Stone, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alice H. Lichtenstein, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Conrad B. Blum, Robert H. Eckel, Anne C. Goldberg, David Gordon, Daniel Levy, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Patrick McBride, J. Sanford Schwartz, Susan T. Shero, Sidney C. Smith, Karol Watson, Peter W. F. Wilson
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Semaphorin-3B Is an Angiogenesis Inhibitor That Is Inactivated by Furin-Like Pro-Protein Convertases
Authors: Asya Varshavsky, Ofra Kessler, Sivan Abramovitch, Boaz Kigel, Shelly Zaffryar, Gal Akiri, Gera Neufeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Semaphorin-3B (sema3B) and semaphorin-3F (sema3F) are secreted tumor suppressors of lung cancer. Sema3F functions as an antiangiogenic factor that repels endothelial cells and compromises their proliferation/survival. However, tumor cells expressing either endogenous or recombinant sema3B fail to repel endothelial cells efficiently. Sema3B found in the conditioned medium of such cells is almost completely cleaved by furin-like pro-protein convertases, generating inactive 61- and 22-kDa fragments. We have generated a sema3B variant that was point mutated at the cleavage site (sema3B-m), thereby conferring partial resistance to cleavage. Conditioned medium from HEK293 cells expressing sema3b-m and conditioned medium of HEK293 cells expressing sema3B contained similar concentrations of semaphorin but sema3B-m was cleaved much less than sema3B. In contrast to HEK293 cells expressing native sema3B, cells expressing sema3b-m strongly repel endothelial cells. Conditioned medium from sema3B-m–expressing cells rapidly caused disassembly of focal adhesions and a collapse of the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor–induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, induced apoptosis of endothelial cells, and inhibited the formation of tubes from endothelial cells in an in vitro angiogenesis assay more potently than conditioned medium from cells expressing sema3B. Furthermore, HEK293 cells expressing sema3B-m inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor–induced angiogenesis in vivo much more potently than cells expressing sema3B. Repulsion of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells by sema3B-m was mediated primarily by the neuropilin-1 (np1) receptor but sema3B-m was also able to transduce signals via neuropilin-2 (np2). These results suggest that up-regulation of furin-like pro-protein convertases in malignant cells may enable tumors to evade the antiangiogenic effects of sema3B. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):6922–31]
The Death of Ivan Ilych
Authors: B. Lichterman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate, overall and by organism, the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in the community, presenting to general practice (GP) and reported to national surveillance. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective, community cohort study and prospective study of GP presentation conducted between April 2008 and August 2009. <h3>Setting</h3> Eighty-eight GPs across the UK recruited from the Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework and the Primary Care Research Networks. <h3>Participants</h3> 6836 participants registered with the 88 participating practices in the community study; 991 patients with UK-acquired IID presenting to one of 37 practices taking part in the GP presentation study. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> IID rates in the community, presenting to GP and reported to national surveillance, overall and by organism; annual IID cases and GP consultations by organism. <h3>Results</h3> The overall rate of IID in the community was 274 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 254 to 296); the rate of GP consultations was 17.7 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 14.4 to 21.8). There were 147 community cases and 10 GP consultations for every case reported to national surveillance. Norovirus was the most common organism, with incidence rates of 47 community cases per 1000 person-years and 2.1 GP consultations per 1000 person-years. <i>Campylobacter</i> was the most common bacterial pathogen, with a rate of 9.3 cases per 1000 person-years in the community, and 1.3 GP consultations per 1000 person-years. We estimate that there are up to 17 million sporadic, community cases of IID and 1 million GP consultations annually in the UK. Of these, norovirus accounts for 3 million cases and 130 000 GP consultations, and <i>Campylobacter</i> is responsible for 500 000 cases and 80 000 GP consultations. <h3>Conclusions</h3> IID poses a substantial community and healthcare burden in the UK. Control efforts must focus particularly on reducing the burden due to <i>Campylobacter</i> and enteric viruses.
SARS genome chip available to scientists
Authors: Helen Frankish
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

The NIAID hopes that widespread access to the SARS genome chip will catalyse research into effective treatments for the virus The US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hopes to spur on research into severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by making available a SARS genome “chip” free of charge to researchers around the world. The SARS array, which consists of the 29 700 DNA base pairs of the SARS coronavirus, was designed from data from institutes in the USA, Canada, and Asia that had sequenced the complete SARS coronavirus genome. “Through this collaboration, NIAID has quickly responded to make this genomic resource widely available to the SARS research community”, said NIAID director Anthony Fauci. “This powerful tool will help us better understand this newly recognised pathogen and its spread, and will provide new leads in our search for effective SARS countermeasures.” Announcing the decision on June 23, the government agency said it hoped the SARS array would enable researchers to construct a “family tree” of the SARS coronaviruses; to establish which SARS strains are most dangerous; and to trace how the virus evolves as it spreads to different populations. The SARS array distribution programme will be coordinated by the NIAID's Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center (PFGRC)—a centralised facility that provides researchers with the resources needed to do functional genomics studies on pathogens for which genomic sequence information is available. Researchers can request the SARS array through the NIAID's websire (see http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/genomes/pfgrc). Proposals to obtain the SARS array are being accepted and reviewed continually, and the PFGRC will provide up to 20 arrays per request.
Thyroid Carcinoma Masquerading as a Solitary Benign Hyperfunctioning Nodule
Authors: M P SANDLER, B FELLMETH, K E SALHANY, J A PATTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Focal hot nodules on iodine thyroid images are associated with an exceedingly low incidence of malignancy. Most previously reported hot carcinomas represent the coexistence of small malignancies in or adjacent to a benign hot lesion. Described here is a 3-cm papillary carcinoma that fulfilled the criteria for benignancy on Tc-99m and I-123 imaging. Coincidental carcinoma within a benign lesion was excluded by detailed scintigraphic-pathologic correlation of the tumor. The implications of this case on the management of the solitary hot nodule are discussed and the literature reviewed.