tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Involvement in Patients With Sarcoidosis
Authors: YOSHIAKI HIROSE, YOSHIO ISHIDA, KOHEI HAYASHIDA, MASAKAZU MAENO, MAKOTO TAKAMIYA, FUMIO OHMORI, KUNIO MIYATAKE, TOSHIISA UEHARA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA, TERUO TACHIBANA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors studied 75 nonselected patients (30 men and 45 women; mean age 48 years) with sarcoidosis retrospectively to assess the applicability of nuclear examinations for detecting myocardial involvement. All patients were studied with TI-201 myocardial perfusion scan (TMPS), Ga-67 myocardial scan (GMS), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography. The positive GMS group had a significantly higher occurrence of abnormality on TMPS (100%) than the negative GMS group (41%). Patients with TMPS abnormality and positive GMS showed significantly lower LVEF (36.3%) than those of normal perfusion or negative GMS. When LVEF decreased, occurrences of TMPS abnormality and positive GMS increased. The authors demonstrate that in patients with sarcoidosis LVEF was closely related to TMPS and GMS, and LVEF reflected the progression of sarcoid heart disease and can be considered a reliable indicator of cardiac function. Patients with sarcoidosis with TMPS abnormality and positive GMS should be thought to have myocardial sarcoidosis and their cardiac functions can be assessed by ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography, while the remaining patients should be examined with TMPS and GMS periodically for detection of myocardial involvement.
Anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatoid patients treated with etanercept or conventional combination therapy: direct and indirect evidence for a possible association with infections
Authors: G Ferraccioli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

To assess the occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) (as well as of anti-DNA antibodies) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept or combination therapy.Eight patients treated with etanercept 25 mg twice weekly were studied for a period of 85 weeks. A control group of 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing combination treatment (methotrexate (MTX) + cyclosporin A or MTX + chloroquine) were studied for the same period of time. The occurrence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA-IgG) and anti-DNA was examined, together with the possible occurrence of infections due to bacteria capable of inducing B cell activation.In 5/8 patients receiving etanercept an increase of ACA-IgG was seen, while anti-DNA became positive in 3/8 patients. A nasal or bronchial infection due to Staphylococcus aureus (Staph aureus) or a urinary tract infection due to E coli, occurred in all five cases. Antibiotic treatment produced a return to normal of ACA-IgG, and also of anti-DNA, in all cases except one. The infectious agent was eradicated in all subjects but one. In the control group Staph aureus was found in the nasal swab in 10/39 subjects; ACA-IgM (followed by ACA-IgG) appeared at the same time as infection occurred in 6/10, while no infection related to the increased ACA-IgM was recorded in the other four.Bacterial DNA, especially that enriched in CpG motifs, is a powerful immunostimulant that may, in some cases, lead to ACA or anti-DNA positivity, once tumour necrosis factor alpha is blocked. Eradication of the infections leads to a rapid decrease of ACA-IgG and of anti-DNA levels.
ERCC1 and BRAC1 mRNA Expression Levels in the Primary Tumor Could Predict the Effectiveness of the Second-Line Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Pretreated Patients with Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chara Papadaki, Maria Sfakianaki, Georgios Ioannidis, Eleni Lagoudaki, Maria Trypaki, Kostas Tryfonidis, Dimitris Mavroudis, Efstathios Stathopoulos, Vassilis Georgoulias, John Souglakos
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence, substrate specificity, and immunoblotting in the diagnosis of pemphigus
Authors: Diane Jiao, Jean-Claude Bystryn
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

Background: Several assays are available to detect pemphigus antibodies. The most commonly used are indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoblotting (IB). Objective: Our purpose was to compare the sensitivity of these assays in detecting pemphigus antibodies. Methods: Fifty-two sera from 41 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 22 sera from 18 patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) were tested concurrently for the presence of pemphigus antibodies. The IIF studies were conducted with two different substrates: monkey and guinea pig esophagus. Results: Pemphigus antibodies were detected with equal sensitivity by IIF in patients with PV and PF (i.e., positive in 87% and 86% of sera, respectively). By contrast, IB assay was much less sensitive in PF than in PV (i.e., positive in 45% vs 83% of sera, respectively). The antibodies in PV generally reacted more strongly against monkey esophagus, whereas those in PF reacted more strongly against guinea pig esophagus. All patients with intercellular antibodies that reacted more strongly against monkey than guinea pig esophagus had PV, whereas all those with intercellular antibodies that reacted more strongly against guinea pig than monkey esophagus had PF. Conclusion: IIF is a more sensitive assay than IB for detecting antibodies associated with PF. The substrate specificity of the antibodies provides a simple means to distinguish between PV and PF. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:211-6.)
Significance of P16INK4A hypermethylation gene in primary head/neck and colorectal tumors: it is a specific tissue event? Results of a 3-year GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale) prospective study
Authors: V. Agnese, S. Corsale, V. Calò, C. Augello, L. Bruno, D. Calcara, A. Crosta, V. Rodolico, G. Rinaldi, G. Cicero, F. Latteri, A. Agrusa, V. Morello, V. Adamo, G. Altavilla, G. Di Fede, E. Fiorentino, N. Grassi, M.A. Latteri, M.R. Valerio, R.M. Tomasino, G. Colucci, V. Bazan, A. Russo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Cytotoxicity of human macrophages for tumor cells. Enhancement by human lymphocyte mediators.
Authors: D J Cameron, W H Churchill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Human macrophages, derived from peripheral blood monocytes, acquire enhanced cytotoxicity for human target cells after incubation in mediator-rich supernates from antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed after 24-h incubation in mediators. In comparison to normal macrophages, mediator-activated macrophages were cytotoxic to five of the six malignant cell lines tested but had no effect on five nonmalignant cell lines. In 20 experiments with one target (SK-BR-3), mean cytotoxicity was 23 +/- 2.7% and with another target (MA-160), was 29 +/- 3.4%. Macrophages became cytotoxic after 8-h incubation with mediators and the enhanced cytotoxicity persisted for at least 40 h after the lymphocyte mediators were removed. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that macrophages, activated by antigen-induced lymphocyte mediators, can contribute to the host resistance to tumor growth in man.
Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Infancy (Cot Deaths)
Authors: Lewis Leavitt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the United States as many as 15,000 infants a year are found dead in their cribs without a history of antecedent serious illness. Whether or not the majority of these infants were victims of one disease entity or succumbed to a variety of environmental, metabolic, or infectious agents has been the subject of increasing investigation and debate over the past decade. This short book transcribes a conference held in England in 1970, at which major British and American investigators summarized their work. Essentially all of the arguments and statistics have been presented elsewhere and in more detail. The strength of this book lies in the excellence of the summaries and in the informal questions and answers which arose during the four sessions of the conference. The bibliography is short but adequate. All pediatricians and pathologists who perform autopsies on infants should be familiar with the state of current knowledge
Problems of the Medically III: New Agents and Approaches to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is  collection of 29 papers on various aspects of internal medicine that were presented at  meeting of alumni and faculty of the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital in Philadelphia, apparently in late 1979.  The editors succeed in their announced purpose: to present a balanced review of some of the most important topics in general internal medicine and its subspecialties as  learning experience for their readers. They also succeed in what may possibly have been another intention: to build  showcase for some of Hahnemann's stars in which to display their wares. The merchandise is substantial if not spectacular and comes fairly well packaged.  The papers are divided into six categories: cardiovascular diseases, nephrology and hypertension, endocrinology, hematology and immunology, infectious diseases, and  catchall called patient management. They range from four to 14 pages in length. Tables, graphs, diagrams, and pictures are used appropriately. Each
A NEW TECHNIC FOR PERFORMING PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: ARTHUR B. CECIL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

It has for some time been my conviction that if Young's operation could be altered in such a manner as to rid it of technical difficulties, the procedure would lend itself to more general use. I therefore turned my attention toward the development of a technic which, it seemed to me, would rid perineal prostatectomy of any considerable technical difficulties and which would absolutely insure the integrity of the muscles of urinary control and at the same time protect the rectum from injury. In reviewing the technic of Young's procedure in relation to the anatomy of the perineum, it will be seen that it is necessary to make very accurate entrance to the membranous urethra just back of the external sphincter muscle. To the operator who is not thoroughly familiar with the anatomy of the perineum, this is somewhat difficult or at least uncertain, and my first problem therefore seemed
Sex Differences in Long Chain Fatty Acid Utilization and Fatty Acid Binding Protein Concentration in Rat Liver
Authors: Robert K. Ockner, David A. Burnett, Nina Lysenko, Joan A. Manning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Female sex and estrogen administration are associated with increased hepatic production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; the basis for this has not been fully elucidated. Inasmuch as hepatic lipoprotein production is also influenced by FFA availability and triglyceride biosynthesis, we investigated sex differences in FFA utilization in rat hepatocyte suspensions and in the components of the triglyceride biosynthetic pathway.
Exercise training and inspiratory muscle training in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: R S Goldstein
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Evidence for effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with bronchiectasis

Pulmonary rehabilitation is now recommended by many professional respiratory societies as the standard of care for patients with chronic lung disease.1–3 This has occurred because well designed prospective randomised controlled trials using valid responsive and interpretable outcome measures have convinced clinicians of its effectiveness. Benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation include improved health related quality of life, increased functional exercise capacity, and reduced healthcare resource utilisation.4–6 The key determinant of the success of rehabilitation, and the one best supported by clinical evidence, is exercise training.

A frequently encountered challenge in respiratory medicine is that of extending the clinical application of treatment modalities, for which evidence was derived from one clinical circumstance, to other circumstances or diagnostic categories. For example, we recognise that long term oxygen therapy is life extending for patients with stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have resting hypoxaemia, but still wrestle with the challenge of whether it should be provided for those with transient exercise or sleep hypoxaemia, or those with other diagnoses not involved in landmark multicentre clinical trials. Such decisions are made using a combination of scientific evidence and clinical judgement, the latter being a less well defined entity that includes knowledge, experience, and common sense.

The paper by Newall and colleagues7 in this issue of Thorax obliges us to consider the evidence in …
Prospective Evaluation of Treatment of Open Fractures
Authors: Marissa Srour, Kenji Inaba, Obi Okoye, Carney Chan, Dimitra Skiada, Beat Schnüriger, Mark Trump, Lydia Lam, Demetrios Demetriades
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

The standard practice of irrigation and debridement (I&D) of open fractures within 6 hours of injury remains controversial.To prospectively evaluate the effect of the time from injury to the initial I&D on infectious complications.A total of 315 patients who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center with open extremity fractures from September 22, 2008, through June 21, 2011, were enrolled in a prospective observational study and followed up for 1 year after discharge (mean [SD] age, 33.9 [16.3] years; 79% were male; and 78.4% were due to blunt trauma). Demographics, mechanism of injury, time to I&D, operative intervention, and incidence of local infectious complications were documented. Patients were stratified into 4 groups based on the time of I&D (<6 hours, 7-12 hours, 13-18 hours, and 19-24 hours after injury). Univariate and multivariable analysis were used to determine the effect of time to I&D on outcomes.Development of local infectious complications at early (<30 days) or late (>30 days and <1 year) intervals from admission.The most frequently injured site was the lower extremity (70.2%), and 47.9% of all injuries were Gustilo classification type III. There was no difference in fracture location, degree of contamination, or antibiotic use between groups. All patients underwent I&D within 24 hours. Overall, 14 patients (4.4%) developed early wound infections, while 10 (3.2%) developed late wound infections (after 30 days). The infection rate was not statistically different on univariate (<6 hours, 4.7%; 7-12 hours, 7.5%; 13-18 hours, 3.1%; and 19-24 hours, 3.6%; P = .65) or multivariable analysis (<6-hour group [reference], P = .65; 7- to 12-hour group adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [95% CI], 2.1 [0.4-10.2], P = .37; 13- to 18-hour group AOR [95% CI], 0.8 [0.1-4.5], P = .81; 19- to 24-hour group AOR [95% CI], 1.1 [0.2-6.2], P = .90). Time to I&D did not affect the rate of nonunion, hardware failure, length of stay, or mortality.In this prospective analysis, time to I&D did not affect the development of local infectious complications provided it was performed within 24 hours of arrival.
Letter: doubts and lignocaine.
Authors: P Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Myocardial Infarction in Epileptics SIR,-Patients on long-term phenytoin and/ or phenobarbitone therapy have a high in- cidence of osteomalacia.Tthey also have a lower than normal circulating concentration of vitamin D metabolites.1 2In a recent paper (14 September 1974, p.647) I reported a significant association be- tween vitamin D consumption and the in- cidence of myocardial infarction.In later studies I have found an association between vitamin D intake and serum cholesterol levels.3On these grounds we might expect epileptics to have a lower than normal in- cidence of myocardial infarction.Experienced neurologists in Norway say that they have not seen a single chronic epileptic die of myocardial infarction.I have so far been unaible to find any work concerning this in the literature.
Self-Reported Adverse Drug Reactions and Related Resource Use
Authors: Elizabeth A. Chrischilles, Ellen T. Segar, Robert B. Wallace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To describe the incidence and health resource consequences of self-reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their relation to self-perceived health, number of medications used, and age in a geographically based population 65 years of age and older.A survey of a defined population.Three thousand, one hundred seventy noninstitutionalized persons 65 years of age and older residing in two Iowa counties.Reports of ADRs (elicited using an open-ended questionnaire); names of drugs involved; descriptions of reactions and related health resource use; self-perceived health status (at the first annual follow-up); and number of medications (from the baseline interview).Ten percent (95% CI, 8.97 to 11.09) of respondents reported one or more ADRs. Three quarters of respondents who reported ADRs contacted a physician. Of these, half indicated that a laboratory test had been ordered, and 7% reported a hospitalization due to the reaction. Advanced age alone was associated with decreased risk in women; a similar trend in men was not statistically significant. However, persons with poorer health status and those who reported the greatest prior use of medications were most likely to report reactions.In this study of noninstitutionalized elderly persons, advanced age did not appear to be associated with increased risk for self-reported ADRs. We could not determine whether the decrease in ADR reports among the oldest respondents represented true diminished ADR occurrence or altered ADR detection and reporting capabilities. When projected to the elderly community-dwelling U.S. population, 2.2 million annual physician visits, 1.1 million laboratory tests, and 146,000 hospitalizations may result from ADRs.
Plasma Growth Hormone after Arginine Infusion
Authors: Thomas J. Merimee, David Rabinowitz, Lamar Riggs, John A. Burgess, David L. Rimoin, Victor A. McKusick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

INFUSION of arginine monochloride is followed by a rise in the plasma concentration of human growth hormone in normal subjects.1 , 2 The infusion is accompanied by modest changes in plasma glucose concentration. The subjects exhibit no discomfort, and in our experience, the procedure has been entirely without untoward effects. It occurred to us at the time of our initial report of arginine-initiated release of human growth hormone that this observation had potential clinical application.1 After the development of a sensitive immunoassay for measurement of this hormone in plasma by Berson and his colleagues3 the definitive demonstration of its deficiency became possible. . . .
Faecal mucus degrading glycosidases in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Authors: J M Rhodes, R Gallimore, E Elias, R N Allan, J F Kennedy
Journal: Gut (1985)

Because the normal faecal flora includes bacteria which can produce mucus-digesting glycosidases, it follows that increased digestion of colonic mucus by these bacterial enzymes could be important in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Faecal activities of potential mucus-degrading glycosidases have therefore been assayed in samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and normal controls. The enzymes alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-NAc-D-glucosaminidase alpha-L-fucosidase and neuraminidase were assayed. Considerable glycosidase activity was present in most faecal samples. Similar activities of all the enzymes assayed were found in faeces from patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn9s disease and normal controls and there was no significant correlation with disease activity. These results imply that relapse of ulcerative colitis is not initiated by increased degradation of colonic mucus by faecal glycosidases but do not exclude a role for bacterial mucus degradation in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Effectiveness of a Pragmatic Education Program Designed to Promote Walking Activity in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Thomas Yates, Melanie Davies, Trish Gorely, Fiona Bull, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a pragmatic structured education program with and without pedometer use is effective for promoting physical activity and improving glucose tolerance in those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Overweight and obese individuals with IGT were recruited from ongoing screening studies at the University Hospitals of Leicester, U.K. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received a 3-h group-based structured education program designed to promote walking activity using personalized steps-per-day goals and pedometers. Group 2 received a 3-h group-based structured education program designed to promote walking activity using generic time-based goals. Group 3 received a brief information leaflet (control condition). Outcomes included an oral glucose tolerance test, standard anthropometric measures, ambulatory activity, and psychological variables. Follow-up was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS A total of 87 individuals (66% male, mean age 65 years) were included in this study. At 12 months, significant decreases in 2-h postchallenge glucose and fasting glucose of −1.31 mmol/l (95% CI −2.20 to −0.43) and −0.32 mmol/l (−0.59 to −0.03), respectively, were seen in the pedometer group compared with the control group. No significant improvements in glucose control were seen in those given the standard education program. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a pragmatic structured education program that incorporates pedometer use is effective for improving glucose tolerance in those with IGT. This result is likely to have important implications for future primary care–based diabetes prevention initiatives.
'Eve' and 'Ecstasy'. A report of five deaths associated with the use of MDEA and MDMA
Authors: G. P. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1987)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"), a synthetic analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, has been the center of recent debate over its potential for abuse vs its use as a psychotherapeutic agent. Following its emergency classification in Schedule 1 by the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1985, 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA,"Eve") has appeared as MDMA's legal replacement. MDMA is thought to be safe by recreational users and by psychotherapists who support its use. The details of five deaths associated with the use of MDMA and MDEA are reported. In three patients, MDMA or MDEA may have contributed to death by the induction of arrhythmias in individuals with underlying natural disease. In another patient, use of MDMA preceded an episode of bizarre and risky behavior that resulted in accidental death. In another patient, MDMA was thought to be the immediate cause of death. Death as a consequence of the use of these drugs appears to be rare, but it does occur; this outcome may be more common in individuals with underlying cardiac disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1615-1617)