tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hopelessness and Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Aaron T. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The relation of hopelessness to levels of depression and suicidal intent was explored both psychometrically and clinically. The results of an investigation of 384 suicide attempters support previous reports that hopelessness is the key variable linking depression to suicidal behavior. This finding has direct implications for the therapy of suicidal individuals. By focusing on reducing the sources of a patient's hopelessness, the professional may be able to alleviate suicidal crises more effectively than in the past.
Intraoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy is a Reasonable Option for Complete Single-Stage Minimally Invasive Biliary Stones Treatment: Short-Term Experience with 57 Patients
Authors: I. Cemachovic, J. C. Letard, G. F. Begin, D. Rousseau, J. M. Nivet
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

How to approach common bile-duct (CBD) stones discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is still a subject for debate. After sequential strategies, the natural trend is now towards single-stage therapy. The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) when CBD stones are discovered or strongly suspected on intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during LC.Out of a total of 2193 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, we reviewed 57 patients who, between 1991 and 1999, underwent IOES just after LC during the same anesthetic session. Under fluoroscopic guidance, one group of 32 patients (Dijon) underwent IOES in the prone position and a second group of 25 patients (Poitiers) in the left lateral position.IOES was successful in all cases (100%). CBD stones were definitively found in 49 cases (86%) but retrieved or released into the duodenum after IOES in only 46 cases (46/49, 93.9%). The mean duration of the intraoperative endoscopic procedure was 28 minutes (range 15-75). The short-term complication rate was 7%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.3 days (range 2-14).IOES performed after LC during the same anesthetic session is feasible with low risk and with good results. It offers the opportunity to treat in one stage both cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis without the need for surgical CBD exploration.
Effects of concentrated ambient particles on heart rate and blood pressure in pulmonary hypertensive rats.
Authors: Tsun-Jen Cheng, Jing-Shiang Hwang, Peng-Yau Wang, Chia-Fang Tsai, Chun-Yen Chen, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Chang-Chuan Chan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Epidemiologic studies have shown that increased concentrations of ambient particles are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that particulate air pollution exposure is associated with indicators of autonomic function including heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. However, this association has not been clearly demonstrated in animal studies. To overcome the problems of wide variations in diseased animals and circadian cycles, we adopted a novel approach using a mixed-effects model to investigate whether ambient particle exposure was associated with changes in heart rate and blood pressure in pulmonary hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with radiotelemetry devices and exposed to concentrated ambient particles generated by an air particle concentrator. The rats were held in nose-only exposure chambers for 6 hr per day for 3 consecutive days and then rested for 4 days in each week during the experimental period of 5 weeks. These animals were exposed to concentrated particles during weeks 2, 3, and 4 and exposed to filtered air during weeks 1 and 5. The particle concentrations for tested animals ranged between 108 and 338 micro g/m(3). Statistical analysis using mixed-effects models revealed that entry and exit of exposure chamber and particle exposure were associated with changes in heart rate and mean blood pressure. Immediately after particle exposure, the hourly averaged heart rate decreased and reached the lowest at the first and second hour of exposure for a decrease of 14.9 (p < 0.01) and 11.7 (p = 0.01) beats per minute, respectively. The hourly mean blood pressure also decreased after the particle exposure, with a maximal decrease of 3.3 (p < 0.01) and 4.1 (p < 0.01) mm Hg at the first and second hour of exposure. Our results indicate that ambient particles might influence blood pressure and heart rate.
Letter: Intermittent calf compression in prevention of deep venous thrombosis.
Authors: J R O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1974)

viscera" on a more specific basis, while it was Bourgeois et al.4 who identified the specific toxin and produced a plausible experimental model.On the other hand the mere com- bination of fatty changes in viscera with enoephalopathy was described much earlier (in 1929 to be precise) by Brain, Hunter, and Turnbull5 and therefore should be called Brain's syndrome, or Turnbull's syndrome as the late Lord Brain himself suggested.6Thus the confusion that Dr. Kang wishes to avoid can be averted by the use of two terms: (a) Brain-Turnbull syndrome to describe fatty degeneration of viscera with encephalopathy of undetermined cause and (b) Reye-Bourgeois syndrome to describe fatty degeneration of viscera and toxic en- cephalopathy due to a specific toxin.-Iam, etc.,
NDY1/KDM2B Functions as a Master Regulator of Polycomb Complexes and Controls Self-Renewal of Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Filippos Kottakis, Parthena Foltopoulou, Ioannis Sanidas, Patricia Keller, Ania Wronski, Benjamin T. Dake, Scott A. Ezell, Zhu Shen, Stephen P. Naber, Philip W. Hinds, Elizabeth McNiel, Charlotte Kuperwasser, Philip N. Tsichlis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The JmjC domain histone H3K36me2/me1 demethylase NDY1/KDM2B is overexpressed in various types of cancer. Here we show that knocking down NDY1 in a set of 10 cell lines derived from a broad range of human tumors inhibited their anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth by inducing senescence and/or apoptosis in some and by inhibiting G1 progression in all. We further show that the knockdown of NDY1 in mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines decreased the number, size, and replating efficiency of mammospheres and downregulated the stem cell markers ALDH and CD44, while upregulating CD24. Together, these findings suggest that NDY1 is required for the self-renewal of cancer stem cells and are in agreement with additional findings showing that tumor cells in which NDY1 was knocked down undergo differentiation and a higher number of them is required to induce mammary adenocarcinomas, upon orthotopic injection in animals. Mechanistically, NDY1 functions as a master regulator of a set of miRNAs that target several members of the polycomb complexes PRC1 and PRC2, and its knockdown results in the de-repression of these miRNAs and the downregulation of their polycomb targets. Consistent with these observations, NDY1/KDM2B is expressed at higher levels in basal-like triple-negative breast cancers, and its overexpression is associated with higher rates of relapse after treatment. In addition, NDY1-regulated miRNAs are downregulated in both normal and cancer mammary stem cells. Finally, in primary human breast cancer, NDY1/KDM2B expression correlates negatively with the expression of the NDY1-regulated miRNAs and positively with the expression of their PRC targets.
DASH Dietary Plan Could Benefit Many, but Few Hypertensive Patients Follow It
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

therefore to produce stronger and more complete muscle contractions. Researchers have recently developed asynthetic antisenseRNAmolecule that isdirectedagainstthehumanAChEgene. In a small study, 16 patients with myastheniagraviswere treatedwith thisRNA therapy,calledEN101(Monarsen).Starting 8 hours after the first treatment, 14 ofthepatientsexperiencedaclinicallysignificant response, so the therapy is now being investigated in a phase 2 clinical trial. “This open-label study seems to show good response, but we’ve got a few unanswered questions,” said Jon Sussman,MD,PhD,of theGreaterManchester Neuroscience Centre, in England. These include the duration of response to thedrugandwhether ithas long-term adverse effects. Suppression of myasthenia gravis may also be achieved through treatment with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) fragments. Because most antiAChR antibodies in patients with the disorder are against a highly conserved region of the receptor, it might be possible to promote tolerance to AChR by exposure to areas of the receptor less prone to cause disease if targeted by autoantibodies. Treating rats that have experimental myasthenia gravis with certain fragments of AChR seems to divert the autoantibody response to pathologically insignificant regions of the protein, said Jie Luo, PhD, of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, in Philadelphia. As research continues to reveal new insights into the genetics and immunology of myasthenia gravis, scientists are optimistic that they will identify additional targets that might have therapeutic utility.
Time course of left ventricular function after cardiac denervation in conscious dogs.
Authors: R Paré, R Parent, O Maamarbachi, J Laurier, M Lavallée
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The time course of left ventricular (LV) function was compared in normal (N) and cardiac-denervated (CD) dogs over an 8-week period after instrumentation with solid-state LV pressure gauges and three pairs of ultrasonic crystals to measure LV long and short axes and wall thickness. Baseline LV systolic, end-systolic, and end-diastolic pressures did not differ in N and CD dogs. Heart rate was higher (p less than 0.01) and LV dP/dt was lower (p less than 0.05) in CD dogs. LV short-axis shortening, shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and ejection fraction were consistently lower (p less than 0.01) in CD dogs. With angiotensin II to increase LV afterload, relations of LV short-axis shortening, shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and ejection fraction to average LV systolic wall stress were shifted downward (p less than 0.01) in CD dogs at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Relations of LV short-axis shortening to LV end-diastolic wall stress also differed (p less than 0.01) in N and CD dogs. Ganglionic blockade abolished differences in LV function between N and CD dogs during elevated LV systolic wall stress with angiotensin II. Thus, in conscious dogs, cardiac denervation results in a sustained reduction of LV function over a wide range of ventricular loading conditions.
Unregulated proliferation of primitive neoplastic progenitor cells in long-term polycythemia vera marrow cultures.
Authors: J D Cashman, C J Eaves, A C Eaves
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Marrow cells from seven untreated patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were used to initiate standard single inoculum long-term marrow cultures. The numbers, erythropoietin independence, and cycling behavior of all detectable classes of erythroid, granulopoietic, and multilineage progenitors were then evaluated and the results obtained compared with preculture values. Time course studies showed that the long-term marrow culture system supports the continuous proliferation of primitive neoplastic progenitor cells from PV patients for many weeks. However, these progenitors fail to respond to signals from the adherent layer that return their counterparts in normal long-term marrow cultures to a quiescent state 5-7 d after each medium change. This abnormal cycling behavior of PV cells in the long-term culture system appears to mimic that operative in vivo, where primitive hemopoietic progenitors are also in a continuous state of turnover, in contrast to similar primitive progenitor compartments in normal individuals, which are quiescent. The long-term marrow culture system thus offers new possibilities for the further analysis of abnormal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying clonal expansion at the stem cell level in PV.
Metal Content in Ayurvedic Medicines—Reply
Authors: Robert B. Saper
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relative risk reduction and absolute risk reduction
Authors: S. K Talluri
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It is easy, in hindsight, to conclude that all but a handful of investors were exuberantly bullish at the top of the market in 1999 and that all bullishness disappeared by 2002. But foresight is not hindsight, and today9s promises of sure market timing are as misleading as yesterday9s. Expectations of investors during the time of the bubble and its aftermath were different as reflected on Internet message boards, in the Gallup/UBS surveys of individual investors, and in the BusinessWeek surveys of Wall Street strategists. Yahoo postings show most investors were indeed bullish during the time of the bubble, but many were bearish, concerned about lofty valuations and wary of manipulation, hype, and insider trading. Bullishness subsided by 2002, but hope remained. Gallup surveys show many individual investors thought that the stock market was in a bubble in the late 1990s but most expected the bubble to inflate. By 2002, fewer investors thought the stock market was in a bubble, but fewer expected stock prices to inflate. BusinessWeek surveys show Wall Street strategists were more bearish than individual investors during the bubble, but when deflation of the bubble turned individual investors bearish, it turned Wall Street strategists bullish. By December 2002, individual investors expected a median stock market return of 5% in 2003, while Wall Street strategists expected more than 20%.
Carcinoma of the Male Breast
Authors: Richard F. LeBlond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993Carcinoma of the Male BreastRichard F. LeBlond, MDRichard F. LeBlond, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their otherwise excellent review of carcinoma of the male breast, Jaiyesimi and colleagues [1] state that synchronous or metachronous bilateral involvement of the breasts is rare. Although rare, second primary cancers are potentially lethal occurrences, and men may be less attuned than women to the need for regular follow-up after removal of a primary breast cancer.In 1981, I saw a 76-year-old man who presented with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pleura. His history showed that he had had a breast cancer removed from the right breast in the 1940s without subsequent follow-up. On physical examination, he ...REFERENCE1. Jaiyesimi IA, Buzdar AU, Sahin AA, Ross MI. Carcinoma of the male breast. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:771-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 749KeywordsAdenocarcinomaBreast cancerEmotions ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Breast-Cancer Management
Authors: Bernard Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The conclusions of the NIH consensus meeting on "The Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer" published in this issue of the Journal, deserve more consideration than mere acceptance or rejection depending on whether they support one's personal point of view. The report does not indicate the reasons for the conclusions, and they undoubtedly differed among the participants. I was a participant, and I should like to present my reasons for the recommendations and some personal thoughts about the meaning of the report.The recommendations that total mastectomy and axillary dissection should replace the Halsted radical mastectomy as the current treatment . . .
Brodie's Abscess and its Differential Diagnosis
Authors: J. F. Brailsford
Journal: BMJ (1938)

PROGESTERONE IN UTERINE BLEEDING MEDITCALJOURNALreactivation of ovarian function restores the normal hormonal balance, a continuation of which effects the regular menstrual rhythm.Comparatively few favourable results will follow the indiscriminate use of progesterone therapy, but in cases where its employment appears to be indicated by the histo- logical structure of the endometrium encouraging results can be obtained.Although radium therapy is successful in the treatment of metropathia haemorrhagica occurring at or near the menopause, a wider use of sprogesterone seems to be indicated as a more rational form of treat- ment.Summary 1. Two types of irregular uterine bleeding are described.2. Th'e mechanism of bleeding in metropathia haemor- rhagica is discussed.3. The results of treatment with progesterone are given, and the effect of this form of therapy on the uterine endometrium is illustrated by photomicrographs.4. The rationale of progesterone therapy in irregular uterine bleeding is discussed.1 wish to express my indebtedness and thanks to Dr. Douglas Miller for the privilege of investigating and treating cases under his care, and to Professor F. A. E.
Phase III Randomized Intergroup Trial of CHOP Plus Rituximab Compared With CHOP Chemotherapy Plus<sup>131</sup>Iodine-Tositumomab for Previously Untreated Follicular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: SWOG S0016
Authors: Oliver W. Press, Joseph M. Unger, Lisa M. Rimsza, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Michael LeBlanc, Myron S. Czuczman, Mark Kaminski, Rita M. Braziel, Catherine Spier, Ajay K. Gopal, David G. Maloney, Bruce D. Cheson, Shaker R. Dakhil, Thomas P. Miller, Richard I. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Advanced follicular lymphomas (FL) are considered incurable with conventional chemotherapy and there is no consensus on the best treatment approach. Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and Cancer and Leukemia Group B compared the safety and efficacy of two immunochemotherapy regimens for FL in a phase III randomized intergroup protocol (SWOG S0016) that enrolled 554 patients with previously untreated, advanced-stage FL between March 1, 2001, and September 15, 2008. Patients and Methods Patients were eligible for the study if they had advanced-stage (bulky stage II, III, or IV) evaluable FL of any grade (1, 2, or 3) and had not received previous therapy. In one arm of the study, patients received six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy at 3-week intervals with six doses of rituximab (CHOP-R). In another arm of the study, patients received six cycles of CHOP followed by consolidation with tositumomab/iodine I-131 tositumomab radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Results After a median follow-up period of 4.9 years, the 2-year estimate of progression-free survival (PFS) was 76% on the CHOP-R arm and 80% on the CHOP-RIT arm (P = .11). The 2-year estimate of overall survival (OS) was 97% on the CHOP-R arm and 93% on the CHOP-RIT arm (P = .08). Conclusion There was no evidence of a significant improvement in PFS comparing CHOP-RIT with CHOP-R. However, PFS and OS were outstanding on both arms of the study. Future studies are needed to determine the potential benefits of combining CHOP-R induction chemotherapy with RIT consolidation and/or extended rituximab maintenance therapy.
Abstract 3843: Targeting FACT complex suppresses mammary tumorigenesis in Her2/neu transgenic mice
Authors: Katerina V. Gurova, Henry Garcia, Mairead Commane, Alfiya Safina
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have recently found that expression of Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex consisting of SSRP1 and SPT16 protein subunits is elevated in many types of cancer comparing with normal tissues. Moreover, survival of tumor cell, but not normal cells is significantly compromised upon genetic knockdown of any of the FACT subunits. In our recent studies we have shown that FACT is essential for the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and Heat Shock Factor 1 and identified small molecules that inhibit activity of both transcription factors by causing functional inactivation of FACT. Since both NF-kB and HSF1 are activated in the process of transformation, we proposed that FACT may be involved in tumor transformation and that inhibition of FACT activity may prevent or reduce tumorigenesis. Objectives of our study were: (i) to check if FACT level is changed in the process of oncogene-induced transformation in vitro and in vivo; and (ii) to test safety and efficacy of anti-FACT therapy with Curaxin-137 in prevention of tumor formation in mice prone to cancer due to oncogene overexpression. We used in vitro (Ha-ras12V) and in vivo (MMTV-neu transgenic mouse model) models of transformation to monitor changes in FACT subunits. We treated the MMTV-neu transgenic mice, in which mammary carcinomas are spontaneously developed due to estrogen receptor-regulated expression of the Her2 proto-oncogene, with Curaxin-137 to determine whether the drug has any toxic effect on normal tissues and/or impact on mammary carcinogenesis. Expression of FACT was elevated in the process of transformation in all models tested. Chronic administration of Curaxin-137 to MMTV-neu mice at doses not having any toxic effect, inhibited tumor onset, delayed tumor progression, and prolonged survival of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Curaxin-137 induced much stronger changes in FACT in tumors than in normal organs, expressing FACT (spleen). Thus, Curaxin-137 may be considered as a potential preventive and/or early stage therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3843. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3843
INCREMENTAL SURVIVAL BENEFIT OF ONE, TWO AND THREE ARTERIAL BYPASS GRAFTING IN MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE EFFECT OF DIABETES
Authors: Thomas Schwann, Abdul-Karim M. El-Hage-Sleiman, Maroun B. Yammine, Robert Tranbaugh, Kamellia Dimitrova, Darryl Hoffman, Milo Engoren, Robert H. Habib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PPARγ in Vagal Neurons Regulates High-Fat Diet Induced Thermogenesis
Authors: Chen Liu, Angie L. Bookout, Syann Lee, Kai Sun, Lin Jia, Charlotte Lee, Swalpa Udit, Yingfeng Deng, Philipp E. Scherer, David J. Mangelsdorf, Laurent Gautron, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)