tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic acid in trauma: we need stronger global health policy
Authors: J. C. Alvarado, Y. Dewan, H. F. Elsayed,, T. Gogichaishvili, S. Gupta, B. J. Hunt, P. Iribhogbe, M. Izurieta, H. Khamis, E. O. Komolafe, J. H. M. Mantilla, J. Miranda, C. H. M. Uribe, O. Olaomi, F. Olldashi, P. Perel, P. V. Ramana, R. R. Ravi,, I. Roberts, H. Shakur
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Tranexamic acid substantially reduces death in bleeding trauma patients. So why are the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the World Bank, and Unicef not ensuring global implementation, ask <b>Ian Roberts and colleagues</b>
Interleukin-13 Receptor α2, EphA2, and Fos-Related Antigen 1 as Molecular Denominators of High-Grade Astrocytomas and Specific Targets for Combinatorial Therapy
Authors: Jill Wykosky, Denise M. Gibo, Constance Stanton, Waldemar Debinski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

We investigated the expression of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R alpha 2), EphA2, and Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) in astrocytomas and normal brain. We sought to document whether the expression of the three factors changed with progression to higher grade malignancy and whether two or three targets in combination might be sufficient to target all patients with high-grade astrocytomas.Immunohistochemistry was done for IL-13R alpha 2, EphA2, and Fra-1 using human brain tumor tissue microarrays containing 30 specimens of WHO grades II and III astrocytomas, 46 glioblastoma multiformes (GBM), and 9 normal brain samples. Sections were scored based on frequency and intensity of expression. Western blotting was done for all three markers using GBM tumor specimens and xenograft cell lines. Two cytotoxins, IL-13.E13K.PE38QQR and ephrinA1-PE38QQR, which target IL-13R alpha 2 or EphA2, respectively, were tested for cytotoxicity against human GBM primary explant cells and established cells.Expression of all three proteins was significantly higher in GBM compared with normal brain, low-grade, and anaplastic astrocytomas. Greater than 95% of GBM overexpressed at least two of the three markers. Importantly, every GBM overexpressed at least one marker. Human GBM primary explant cells and cell lines were potently killed by IL-13.E13K.PE38QQR and ephrinA1-PE38QQR, in accordance with their level of expression of IL-13R alpha 2 and EphA2, respectively.IL-13R alpha 2, EphA2, and Fra-1 are attractive therapeutic targets representing molecular denominators of high-grade astrocytomas. One hundred percent of GBM tumors overexpress at least one of these proteins, providing the basis for rational combinatorial targeted therapies/diagnostics suitable for all patients with this disease.
284 COMPREHENSIVE PHENOTYPING OF IMMUNE CELLS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS DELTA
Authors: J. Grabowski, P.V. Suneetha, V. Schlaphoff, J. Jaroszewicz, K. Port, J. Kirschner, B. Bremer, M.P. Manns, M. Cornberg, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Andreas Vesalius: The Making, the Madman, and the Myth
Authors: Jason M. Organ
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Capsule endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study
Authors: I. Gralnek, J. Ching, I. Maza, J. Wu, T. Rainer, S. Israelit, A. Klein, F. Chan, H. Ephrath, R. Eliakim, R. Peled, J. Sung
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Capsule endoscopy may play a role in the evaluation of patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the emergency department. <b>Patients and methods:</b> We evaluated adults with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting to the emergency departments of two academic centers. Patients ingested a wireless video capsule, which was followed immediately by a nasogastric tube aspiration and later by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). We compared capsule endoscopy with nasogastric tube aspiration for determination of the presence of blood, and with EGD for discrimination of the source of bleeding, identification of peptic/inflammatory lesions, safety, and patient satisfaction. <b>Results:</b> The study enrolled 49 patients (32 men, 17 women; mean age 58.3 ± 19 years), but three patients did not complete the capsule endoscopy and five were intolerant of the nasogastric tube. Blood was detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract significantly more often by capsule endoscopy (15 /18 [83.3 %]) than by nasogastric tube aspiration (6 /18 [33.3 %]; <i>P</i> = 0.035). There was no significant difference in the identification of peptic/inflammatory lesions between capsule endoscopy (27 /40 [67.5 %]) and EGD (35 /40 [87.5 %]; <i>P</i> = 0.10, OR 0.39 95 %CI 0.11 – 1.15). Capsule endoscopy reached the duodenum in 45 /46 patients (98 %). One patient (2.2 %) had self-limited shortness of breath and one (2.2 %) had coughing on capsule ingestion. <b>Conclusions: </b>In an emergency department setting, capsule endoscopy appears feasible and safe in people presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Capsule endoscopy identifies gross blood in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the duodenum, significantly more often than nasogastric tube aspiration and identifies inflammatory lesions, as well as EGD. Capsule endoscopy may facilitate patient triage and earlier endoscopy, but should not be considered a substitute for EGD.
Transformation of epithelioma adenoides cysticum into multiple rodent ulcers: fact or fallacy.
Authors: J. HOWELL, DAVID E. ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

This historical study has examined the persistent controversy about the propensity of epithelioma adenoides cysticum (EAC) to transform into multiple rodent ulcers, by reviewing cases reported through the years that seemed to support the idea. After focusing on the biological behaviour and natural history of the tumours and comparing them with our present knowledge of the behaviour of EAC, we believe that these cases were incorrectly diagnosed. Rather than EAC, they were probably examples of the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The latter syndrome was actually established by the recognition that patients who have multiple rodent ulcers that appear early in life and behave aggressively usually have a constellation of associated developmental defects and that the tumours sould be classified as genetically determined basal cell carcinomas and not as EAC.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Cancer
Authors: LEO R. ZACHARSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1982Antithrombotic Therapy for CancerLEO R. ZACHARSKI, M.D.LEO R. ZACHARSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-258_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Karpatkin and Pearlstein (1) have directed well deserved attention to the interaction between platelets and neoplastic cells. Evidence from experimental tumor sytems suggests that at least certain kinds of neoplastic cells possess the capacity to induce fibrin formation or to sequester platelets; therapeutic blockade of either fibrin formation by means of anticoagulation or platelet activation by means of platelet-inhibitory drugs in different experimental tumor systems has resulted in amelioration of the growth and spread of certain tumors. (ZACHARSKI LR. Biologic basis for anticoagulant treatment of cancer. Submitted for publication.) These findings have led to the hypothesis that...References1. KARPATKINPEARLSTEIN SE. Role of platelets in tumor cell metastasis. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:636-41. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ZACHARSKI L. Anticoagulation in the treatment of cancer in man. In: DONATI MB, DAVIDSON JF, GARATTINI S, eds. Malignancy and the Hemostatic System. New York: Raven Press; 1981;113-27. Google Scholar3. ZACHARSKIHENDERSONRICKLES LWF. Effect of sodium warfarin on survival in small cell carcinoma of the lung: VA Cooperative Study #75. Jama. 1981;245:831-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ZACHARSKIRICKLESHENDERSON LFW. Platelets and malignancy: rationale and experimental design for the VA Cooperative Study of RA-233 in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Clin Trials. 1982. In press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH Veterans Administration Hospital White River Junction, VT 05001 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1982Volume 96, Issue 2Page: 258-258KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyAnticoagulantsBiologicsCancer treatmentCellsDrugsFibrinPlatelet activationPlatelets Issue Published: 1 February 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 4586: Essential role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in tumorigenesis of human cancers with activated FGFR2 signaling demonstrated by functional blocking antibodies
Authors: Ailin Bai, Kristan Meetze, Nhi Y. Vo, Sriram Kollipara, Elizabeth K. Mazsa, William M. Winston, Solly Weiler, Laura L. Poling, Ting Chen, Sara Haserlat, Sandra Abbott, Hamid Tissire, Michael DiPrima, Nesreen S. Ismail, Jinwei Jiang, Lorena Lerner, Jeno Gyuris, Zhigang Weng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) signaling, through overexpression of FGFR2 and/or its ligands, mutations, and receptor amplification have been found in a variety of human tumors. We generated monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular ligand binding domain of FGFR2 to address the role of FGFR2 in tumorigenesis and to explore the potential of FGFR2 as a novel therapeutic target. We identified a broad panel of human cancer cell lines with dysregulated FGFR2 signaling and examined the sensitivity of these human cell lines to monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting FGFR2. These FGFR2 antibodies potently suppressed ligand-induced phosphorylation of FGFR2 and downstream signaling, as well as cell proliferation in vitro. The administration of FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies in mice significantly inhibited the growth of human cancer xenografts harboring activated FGFR2 signaling. Our findings support that dysregulated FGFR2 signaling is one of the critical oncogenic pathways involved in the initiation and/or maintenance of tumors. Cancer patients with aberrantly activated/amplified FGFR2 signaling could potentially benefit from therapeutic intervention with FGFR2-targeting antibodies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4586. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4586
ACUTE EPIPHYSITIS CAUSING A CONDITION SUBSEQUENTLY SIMULATING CONGENITAL HIP MISPLACEMENT.
Authors: JOHN PRENTISS LORD
Journal: JAMA (1903)

etiology was doubtful were probably due to malaria, and Jû eleven the etiology was unknown.Metastatic.abscesses have been reported following osteomyelitis, gunshot Wound of the knee and amputations.Grand-Moursel reports 57 cases, 20 of which were due to malaria; 9 of them diagnosticated, with 8 recoveries, while 11 were recognized only at autopsy.Prom this it Would seem that more cases occur than we are led to be- lieve, which are not diagnosed either before or after death.ETIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS.The hyperemia of the spleen during malaria and ty- phoid renders it particularly susceptible to inflammation and abscess formation.All writers agree that the diagnosis is extremely difficult.The chief diagnostic symp- toms are history of infectious disease, pain in left hypochondrium which may radiate to left shoulder, night sweats, anemia, loss of appetite and usually chills.Fever may or may not be present ; if present, it is of little significance, as it may be due to the original disease.Occasionally extreme constipation is present, but more often diarrhea.Blood count shows increase of leucocytes Appearances indicated congenital misplacement of the right hip.Indeed, all the conditions were typical of this condition.
TCT-427 Transradial access for primary percutaneous coronary interventions in octogenarian patients with acute myocardial infarction. The ORA-STEMI (Octogenarians Radial Access in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) registry
Authors: Guillermo Bastos, Antonio A. de Miguel, Victor A. Jimenez, Ivan T. Gomez, Alberto Ortiz, Josue Ponce, Jorge Sepúlveda, Jose A. Baz, Andres Iñiguez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Aerosol Propellants Are Toxic to the Heart
Authors: Willard S. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Using mice, workers at DuPont,<sup>1</sup>Allen and Hanburys Ltd,<sup>2</sup>and Riker Laboratories,<sup>3</sup>and, most recently, Egle and associates,<sup>4</sup>were unable to demonstrate cardiotoxicity of aerosol propellants. They did<i>not</i>do the same experiments described by Taylor and Harris,<sup>5</sup>which revealed that the fluorocarbons, or freons, used to propel aerosols are toxic to the heart. Errors by these authors and Silverglade<sup>6</sup>need correction. We did not apply complete asphyxia in our experimental mouse model. The essence of our technique' is to apply a degree of asphyxia that otherwise untreated mice will tolerate for four minutes without developing bradyarrhythmias. Without propellants, the degree of partial, or mild, asphyxia that we apply causes tachycardia at both 25 seconds and four minutes of asphyxia, not bradycardia. In contrast, after the mice inhale three breaths of propellant, application of exactly the same partial asphyxic challenge now
Genetic Testing in Diverse Populations
Authors: Dezheng Huo, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ORE THAN 10 YEARS AFTER BRCA1 AND BRCA2 werediscoveredasmajorbreastcancersusceptibility genes, the medical community is just beginningtogetaglimpseofhowgermlinemutations in these genes might be distributed among racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. While a growing body of evidence documents the benefits of preventive measureshavingminimalriskforwomenwithidentifiableBRCA1 andBRCA2mutations,genetictestingservicesremainunderutilized by minority women. In this issue of JAMA, John and colleagues 1 provide information regarding the prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 mutations in a population-based study among5USracial/ethnicgroupsinNorthernCalifornia.PrevalencewasparticularlyhighamongyoungAfricanAmericans, a group that has long been recognized as having a disproportionate burden of aggressive young-onset breast cancer. With more than 200000 women estimated to be diagnosed with breast cancer and more than 40000 deaths from the disease each year, 2 a renewed emphasis on prevention for control of breast cancer is warranted. Women with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes face dramatically increased risks of breast and ovarian cancers. The decision to pursue genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2, with its associated costs, depends on 2 prerequisites: valid mutation detection methods for the test and effective cancer prevention strategies for mutation carriers. Regarding the first prerequisite, the specificity of genetic testing for BRCA mutations is believed to be 100% and sensitivity is estimated at 85%, 3 although recent studies have shown that analysis of genomic rearrangements,whichwasnotperformedintheUnitedStates until2006,maysignificantlyincreasesensitivity. 4,5 Forthesecond prerequisite, mutation carriers now have the option of choosingfromaspectrumofevidence-basedpreventionstrategies,includingintensivebreastcancersurveillanceusingmag
Elevated serum levels of interleukins 5, 6, and 10 in a patient with drug-induced exanthem caused by systemic corticosteroids
Authors: N. Yawalkar, Y. Hari, A. Helbling, S. von Greyerz, A. Kappeler, L.R. Braathen, W.J. Pichler
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)
Minimally Invasive Radio-Guided Surgery for Recurrent Thyroid Cancer Using Iodine-123
Authors: Robert Mansberg, Bronwyn Crawford, Roger F. Uren, John F. Thompson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery is widely used in the setting of sentinel node biopsy for breast, melanoma, and other malignancies, as well as in minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. A 20-year-old woman with recurrent papillary carcinoma of the thyroid underwent minimally invasive radio-guided surgery after localization of recurrent disease using I-123.
Portal venous bile acids in cholesterol gallstone disease: Effect of treatment with chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids
Authors: Kurt Einarsson, Jon Ahlberg, Bo Angelin, Ingemar Björkhem, Staffan Ewerth
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We determined the serum concentrations of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids in portal and peripheral venous blood in 9 gallstone-free patients and 39 patients with cholesterol gallstones during standardized cholecystectomy. An accurate and specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique was used. The portal venous concentration of total bile acids was similar in gallstone-free and untreated gallstone patients (n = 20); there was no evidence of a reduced hepatic uptake of bile acids in the latter. Treatment with cholic acid (n = 10) was associated with a 70% increase in cholic acid and normal concentration of total bile acids. In chenodeoxycholic acid-treated patients (n = 9), the portal venous concentration of this bile acid was increased 3-fold; total bile acids were increased about 60%. The estimated hepatic uptake of cholic acid was slightly decreased during chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. The results indicate that neither bile acid inflow to the liver nor hepatic bile acid uptake is reduced in fasting patients with cholesterol gallstones, and treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid increases fasting inflow of bile acids to the liver. The latter may contribute to unsaturation of fasting hepatic bile during treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.
Left Ventricular Ejection Time in Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ROBERT J. BACHE, YANG WANG, JOSEPH C. GREENFIELD
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Hemodynamic data obtained at cardiac catheterization from 40 patients with valvular aortic stenosis demonstrated that, although left ventricular ejection time was prolonged, the usual linear inverse relationship between heart rate and ejection time was preserved at a longer than normal mean ejection time. In contrast to this, the direct linear relationship between ejection time and stroke volume which exists in normal human subjects was totally obliterated in patients with aortic stenosis so that ejection time appeared to be totally unrelated to stroke volume. However, the degree of prolongation of left ventricular ejection time above that predicted from stroke volume (ΔLVET) was closely correlated with aortic valve area (AVA), so that aortic valve area could be predicted as AVA = 0.91 – 3.6 ΔLVET within 95% confidence limits of ± 0.16 cm 2 . Alternatively, if ejection time was not abnormally prolonged, it was possible to predict with 95% confidence that the aortic valve area was greater than 0.75 cm 2 in cross-sectional area and thus not within the range generally requiring surgical therapy.
Problem-Oriented Medical Record
Authors: Donald F. Kent
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While reluctant to add fuel to the controversial fire of the advantages of the Weed system's problem-oriented medical record, I cannot let a misconception of the method persist unanswered. I still hear remarks of how more time is required to implement the system, and Dr. Waisbren's letter (230:38, 1974) is about the same complaint. Speaking from the vantage point of one who has made the change to the problem-oriented medical record and thus knows firsthand the advantages and disadvantages of both systems, I can unequivocally state that the Weed system definitely does not require more doctor time in its daily use. I shall not enumerate the many advantages of the Weed method for both the practicing physician and his patients. These points have been made elsewhere. What about start-up time, or the problem of making the switch and the time spent in filling out all "those forms"?
HBSAG level at time of olt determines hepatitis B immunoglobulin dose required for elimination of HBSAG after olt in patients with HBV cirrhosis
Authors: J. Rosenau, T. Solga, M.J. Bahr, S. Haeussermann, G. Michel, B. Nashan, E.R. Kuse, C. Trautwein, C.P. Strassburg, H.L. Tillmann, J. Klempnauer, M.P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Drug-taking in delinquent boys.
Authors: P J Noble
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A retrospective survey was conducted on 67 boys in a London remand home during the years 1965-7 inclusive who were known to have taken drugs.The boys were divided into a "hard" and a "soft" group according to whether or not there was evidence of narcotic taking.The groups were compared and the hard group showed a significantly greater incidence of abnormal personality, family history of psychiatric illness, and disturbed relationships within the family.The sub- sequent drug careers of all boys were followed by means of Home Office records.Nine boys in the soft group had progressed to hard drugs by June 1969.
Right-to-Left Pulmonary Shunting in Pediatric Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Authors: JAMES W. MURAKAMI, DAVID M. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

An 8-year-old boy with cavernous transformation of his portal vein and liver cirrhosis was hospitalized for cyanosis and polycythemia. A lung perfusion scan, performed with 10,000 particles Tc-99m–labeled MAA, showed a 37% right-to-left shunt. Chest CT showed no vascular malformations, and cardiac ultrasound showed no intracardiac shunt. A pulmonary arteriogram revealed innumerable tiny arteriovenous fistulae with extremely rapid transit of contrast to the pulmonary veins. A diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was made and he is awaiting liver transplantation.
The Lymphotoxin LTα1β2 Controls Postnatal and Adult Spleen Marginal Sinus Vascular Structure and Function
Authors: Carlene L. Zindl, Tea Hyun Kim, Meiqin Zeng, Angela S. Archambault, Mitchell H. Grayson, Kyunghee Choi, Robert D. Schreiber, David D. Chaplin
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Common Infections in Ambulatory Patients
Authors: HUGH L. MOFFET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Most illnesses in ambulatory patients are infections; most of these are upper, middle, or pararespiratory infections. Although these diseases are rarely serious, they result in immense amounts of time lost from work and incalculable expense for over-the-counter medications. Guidelines for antibiotic and other drug therapy for these diseases need a better scientific foundation.