tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Furosemide inhibits glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes via direct inactivation of carrier proteins.
Authors: D B Jacobs, B K Mookerjee, C Y Jung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Furosemide inhibits 3-O-methyl-D-glucose equilibrium flux in isolated adipocytes. The inhibition is saturable with an increasing concentration of furosemide and shows a noncompetitive type of kinetics. Both basal and insulin-stimulated fluxes are equally affected by the inhibition. Hydrochlorothiazide and piretanide also inhibit the flux with a similar potency, whereas bumetanide, a more potent diuretic, is much less potent. To understand the molecular basis of this inhibition, effects of furosemide on the glucose-sensitive cytochaslasin B binding activities of adipocytes were studied. Furosemide inhibits the glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding of both microsomal and plasma membrane preparations. For both preparations, the inhibition is time dependent and only slowly reversible, is saturable with an increasing concentration of furosemide, shows a noncompetitive type of kinetics with apparent Ki (the inhibitor concentration that gives the half-maximum effect) of 3.5 and 0.7 mM after 2 and 18 h incubation, respectively, and is essentially identical between the basal and insulin-stimulated adipocytes. The inhibition develops with a first-order rate constant of approximately 0.12/h at 4 degrees C. These results indicate that furosemide inhibits glucose transport in adipocytes by directly inactivating transport carriers of both plasma membranes and microsomal reserve pool. This inactivation of glucose carrier may play a part in the diuretic-induced glucose intolerance frequently observed during diuretic therapy.
Comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations and their prognostic impacts in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: R Kihara, Y Nagata, H Kiyoi, T Kato, E Yamamoto, K Suzuki, F Chen, N Asou, S Ohtake, S Miyawaki, Y Miyazaki, T Sakura, Y Ozawa, N Usui, H Kanamori, T Kiguchi, K Imai, N Uike, F Kimura, K Kitamura, C Nakaseko, M Onizuka, A Takeshita, F Ishida, H Suzushima, Y Kato, H Miwa, Y Shiraishi, K Chiba, H Tanaka, S Miyano, S Ogawa, T Naoe
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: Favorable outcome after complete surgical resection
Authors: Maryam Fouladi, Jesse Jenkins, Peter Burger, James Langston, Thomas Merchant, Richard Heideman, Stephen Thompson, Alex Sanford, Larry Kun, Amar Gajjar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2001)

To describe the clinical features, histologic characteristics, and management of patients with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), we reviewed data on 13 children who had histologically confirmed PXA and were referred to the neuro-oncology service between 1985 and 1999. Neuro-imaging with CT and/or MRI documented the anatomic location, tumor extent, and degree of resection. There were 3 males and 10 females; median age was 12.9 years (range, 8.2-17.2 years). The most frequent presentations included seizures (n = 8) and headache (n = 5). Tumor sites included temporal (n = 5), parietal (n = 3), frontal (n = 1), frontoparietal (n = 1), parietooccipital (n = 1), and temporoparietal (n = 1) lobes and the spinal cord (n = 1). CT/MRI revealed a cystic component in 6 patients, with cyst wall enhancement in 3 patients. The solid component was uniformly enhancing in 11 patients. Vasogenic edema was present in 9 patients, and calcification was noted in 4 patients. Histopathologic findings included meningeal invasion in 12 patients, calcifications in 4, and necrosis in 2. Mitotic figures (1-12 per high-power field) were seen in 8 patients. Gross total resection was achieved in 8 patients, near total resection in 1, and subtotal resection in 4. Ten patients were alive with a median follow-up of 41 months at this writing. Two patients died of progressive disease, and 1 died of an unrelated cause. In conclusion, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare neoplasm in childhood, commonly presenting with seizures. Gross total resection without adjuvant therapy provides prolonged disease control, as seen in 6 of 7 patients (85%) in our series.
Cell of origin, germinal center versus nongerminal center, determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray, does not correlate with outcome in patients with relapsed and refractory DLBCL
Authors: Craig H. Moskowitz, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Tarun Kewalramani, Paul Hamlin, Simone Lessac-Chenen, Jane Houldsworth, Adam Olshen, Raju Chaganti, Stephen Nimer, Julie Teruya-Feldstein
Journal: Blood (2005)
Molecular Aspects of Narcotic Addiction.
Authors: Avram Goldstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Molecular Aspects of Narcotic Addiction.Avram Goldstein, M.D.Avram Goldstein, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-813_7 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo understand fully the way any drug produces its pharmacologic effects, we have to learn not only where it acts (what organs, tissues, and cells are primarily affected) but also exactly what it does at the site(s) of action. Considerable progress is being made in identifying and isolating drug receptors-the macro-molecules with which drugs interact to initiate the sequence of biochemical changes that ultimately produce the characteristic drug effect in the whole organism.The opioid narcotics are of particular interest for their ability to produce tolerance and physical dependence, which play a role in the addiction process. In this lecture... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 813-813KeywordsCellsDrugsOpioid addictionOpioids Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Serum Inflammatory Markers and Preeclampsia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mei Du, Arpita Basu, Dongxu Fu, Mingyuan Wu, Michael Centola, Alicia J. Jenkins, Kristian F. Hanssen, Satish K. Garg, Samar M. Hammad, James A. Scardo, Christopher E. Aston, Timothy J. Lyons
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been associated with the immunobiology of preeclampsia (PE), a significant cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of PE is elevated several fold in the presence of maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although cross-sectional studies of pregnancies among women without diabetes have shown altered inflammatory markers in the presence of PE, longitudinal studies of diabetic women are lacking. In maternal serum samples, we examined the temporal associations of markers of inflammation with the subsequent development of PE in women with T1DM.We conducted longitudinal analyses of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), adhesion molecules, and cytokines during the first (mean ± SD, 12.2 ± 1.9 weeks), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy (visits 1-3, respectively). All study visits took place before the onset of PE. Covariates were BMI, HbA1c, age of onset, duration of diabetes, and mean arterial pressure.In women with T1DM who developed PE versus those who remained normotensive, CRP tended to be higher at visits 1 (P = 0.07) and 2 (P = 0.06) and was significantly higher at visit 3 (P < 0.05); soluble E-selectin and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were significantly higher at visit 3; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and eotaxin were higher and lower, respectively, at visit 2 (all P < 0.05). These conclusions persisted following adjustment for covariates.In pregnant women with T1DM, elevated CRP, soluble E-selectin, IL-1ra, and IP-10 and lower eotaxin were associated with subsequent PE. The role of inflammatory factors as markers and potential mechanisms of the high prevalence of PE in T1DM merits further investigation.
Estimation of Cholesterol and Bile Acid Turnover in Man by Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Steven H. Quarfordt, Mary F. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The kinetics of cholesterol and bile acid turnover were determined from an analysis of the biliary lipids after a single intravenous injection of labeled cholesterol. A compartmental model was designed for the system, and the fractional metabolic rates and fluxes were determined in one lean and two obese normal humans. Each of the normals converted about 3% per day of their rapidly miscible cholesterol pool to cholic acid and 1% per day or less to chenodeoxycholate. Cholate was catabolized at about twice the rate of the dihydroxy bile acids in these normals. Two of the normals were fed corn oil with little change in their kinetic parameters from the control state. The other normal received cholestyramine and dramatically increased the bile acid flux with little change in neutral sterol catabolism. A cirrhotic patient was also studied by this technique and noted to have kinetic parameters quite different from the normals.
Guidelines for management of Bowen's disease: 2006 update
Authors: N.H. Cox, D.J. Eedy, C.A. Morton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

This article represents a planned regular updating of the previous British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) guidelines for management of Bowen's disease. They have been prepared for dermatologists on behalf of the BAD. They present evidence‐based guidance for treatment, with identification of the strength of evidence available at the time of preparation of the guidelines.
Functional Trajectories Among Older Persons Before and After Critical Illness
Authors: Lauren E. Ferrante, Margaret A. Pisani, Terrence E. Murphy, Evelyne A. Gahbauer, Linda S. Leo-Summers, Thomas M. Gill
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Little is known about functional trajectories of older persons in the year before and after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) or how pre-ICU functional trajectories affect post-ICU functional trajectories and death. <h3>Objectives</h3> To characterize functional trajectories in the year before and after ICU admission and to evaluate the associations among pre-ICU functional trajectories and post-ICU functional trajectories, short-term mortality, and long-term mortality. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Prospective cohort study of 754 community-dwelling persons 70 years or older, conducted between March 23, 1998, and December 31, 2012, in greater New Haven, Connecticut. The analytic sample included 291 participants who had at least 1 admission to an ICU through December 2011. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Functional trajectories in the year before and after an ICU admission based on 13 basic, instrumental, and mobility activities. Additional outcomes included short-term (30 day) and long-term (1 year) mortality. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (SD) age of participants was 83.7 (5.5) years. Three distinct pre-ICU functional trajectories identified were minimal disability (29.6%), mild to moderate disability (44.0%), and severe disability (26.5%). Seventy participants (24.1%) experienced early death, defined as death in the hospital (50 participants [17.2%]) or death after hospital discharge but within 30 days of admission (20 participants [6.9%]). Among the remaining 221 participants, 3 distinct post-ICU functional trajectories identified were minimal disability (20.8%), mild to moderate disability (28.1%), and severe disability (51.1%). More than half of the participants (53.4%) experienced functional decline or early death after critical illness. The pre-ICU functional trajectories of mild to moderate disability and severe disability were associated with more than double (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.41; 95% CI, 1.29-4.50) and triple (adjusted HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.84-8.03) the risk of death within 1 year of ICU admission, respectively. Other factors associated with 1-year mortality included ICU length of stay (adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), mechanical ventilation (adjusted HR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.91-4.37), and shock (adjusted HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.63-4.38). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among older persons with critical illness, more than half died within 1 month or experienced significant functional decline over the following year, with particularly poor outcomes in those who had high levels of premorbid disability. These results may help to inform discussions about prognosis and goals of care before and during critical illness.
Rupture of a Popliteal Cyst Visualized by Radionuclide Venography and Confirmed by Radionuclide Arthrography
Authors: WAN-YU LIN, SHYH-JEN WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 64-year-old woman had an acutely painful, swollen right calf. A Tc-99m labeled RBC venogram performed to rule out deep vein thrombosis in the right lower leg showed an area devoid of radioactivity in the medial posterior aspect of the right calf. Rupture of a popliteal cyst was suspected. A radionuclide arthrogram and subsequent surgery confirmed the diagnosis.
LABORATORY TESTS IN CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Benjamin Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The wide use of anticoagulants in the management of thromboembolic disease, and the likelihood of continuation as this disorder becomes increasingly prominent as a major cause of crippling and death, makes reexamination of adequate guiding principles necessary. The therapeutic objective is to block coagulation to prevent in vivo clotting without at the same time endangering hemostasis. To attain this by anticoagulants, the physician must recognize that he is thereby tampering with one of the most important and complicated homeostatic mechanisms of the body. Despite notable recent advances in this area, many vexatious problems continue to beset the physician. First, let us examine the goal posts—on the one hand the so-called therapeutic range, and on the other, the safe level, of clotting factors. The former term is used rather loosely in the conviction (as yet unproved) that evidence of interference with in vitro clotting truly reflects prevention of in vivo coagulation.
827-3 Women with diabetes mellitus have the greatest reduction in myocardial infarction mortality over the past decade: Evaluation of 1,428,596 patients enrolled in the national registry of myocardial infarction 2, 3, and 4 from 1994–2002
Authors: Darren K McGuire, Amit Khera, James A de Lemos, Eric D Peterson, John J Warner, Lori S Parsons, William J Rogers, John G Canto, None National Registry of Myocardial Infarctions Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Battle for Hospital Privileges
Authors: William J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1983)

IN RECENT years, the facilities of the modern hospital have become increasingly scarce but crucial resources to the physician. As a consequence, the hospital institution has become an arena in which bitter struggles for access to essential technologies and services have been waged. Often these conflicts reflect the tensions between the economic and social interests of individual physicians and those of the institution itself. Their resolution affects public interests as well, leading some courts to conclude that even the staff privilege decisions of private hospitals should be subject to judicial oversight (<i>JAMA</i>1983; 249:526-527). Traditionally, the standards to which staff selection decisions have been subjected are drawn from substantive and procedural "due process" principles. <h3>Substantive Due Process</h3> Whether derived from federal constitutional law or from state common law principles, substantive due process requires that the standards by which applicants are evaluated be reasonable, in that they comport with the legitimate
Educational inequalities in mortality over four decades in Norway: prospective study of middle aged men and women followed for cause specific mortality, 1960-2000
Authors: B. H. Strand, E.-K. Groholt, O. A. Steingrimsdottir, T. Blakely, S. Graff-Iversen, O. Naess
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To determine the extent to which educational inequalities in relation to mortality widened in Norway during 1960-2000 and which causes of death were the main drivers of this disparity.Nationally representative prospective study.Four cohorts of the Norwegian population aged 45-64 years in 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990 and followed up for mortality over 10 years.359 547 deaths and 32 904 589 person years.All cause mortality and deaths due to cancer of lung, trachea, or bronchus; other cancer; cardiovascular diseases; suicide; external causes; chronic lower respiratory tract diseases; or other causes. Absolute and relative indices of inequality were used to present differences in mortality by educational level (basic, secondary, and tertiary).Mortality fell from the 1960s to the 1990s in all educational groups. At the same time the proportion of adults in the basic education group, with the highest mortality, decreased substantially. As mortality dropped more among those with the highest level of education, inequalities widened. Absolute inequalities in mortality denoting deaths among the basic education groups minus deaths among the high education groups doubled in men and increased by a third in women. This is equivalent to an increase in the slope index of inequality of 105% in men and 32% in women. Inequalities on a relative scale widened more, from 1.33 to 2.24 among men (P=0.01) and from 1.52 to 2.19 among women (P=0.05). Among men, absolute inequalities mainly increased as a result of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases. Among women this was mainly due to lung cancer and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases. Unlike the situation in men, absolute inequalities in deaths due to cardiovascular causes narrowed among women. Chronic lower respiratory tract diseases contributed more to the disparities in inequalities among women than among men.All educational groups showed a decline in mortality. Nevertheless, and despite the fact that the Norwegian welfare model is based on an egalitarian ideology, educational inequalities in mortality among middle aged people in Norway are substantial and increased during 1960-2000.
The Prevalence of NIDDM and Associated Risk Factors in Native Canadians
Authors: Stewart B Harris, Joel Gittelsohn, Anthony Hanley, Annette Barnie, Thomas M S Wolever, Joe Gao, Alexander Logan, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To determine the true prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), NIDDM, and associated risk factors by age and sex in an isolated native community.A community-wide prevalence survey using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was undertaken in the remote native reserve of Sandy Lake, Ontario, Canada. Measurements for obesity included waist-to-hip circumference, BMI, and percentage body fat.A total of 728 individuals were enrolled, representing a community participation rate of 72%. The overall crude prevalence of NIDDM was 17.2% (18.1% females and 16.0% males) and increased to 26.1% overall (28.0% females and 24.2% males) when age-standardized. The prevalence of IGT was higher in females compared with males (age-standardized prevalence of 19.8 vs. 7.1%, respectively). Females had a higher prevalence of obesity, IGT, and NIDDM occurring at younger ages. Measures of obesity and fasting insulin levels were significantly associated with NIDDM in the 18-49 age-group.The prevalence rates of NIDDM in this study population are the highest reported to date in a Canadian native population and among the highest reported in the world. Females appear to be at much higher risk of developing obesity, IGT, and NIDDM and at a younger age. Due to the high prevalence rates of IGT and NIDDM in this young population, there is urgent need to develop culturally appropriate community-based public health intervention programs before the long-term complications of diabetes have a devastating effect on the residents.
Unusual case of lymphoedema praecox.
Authors: C P Malpass, C A Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1976)

minutes but cramps persisted for an hour.Examination immediately after- wards was normal with a blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg.Brain scan, EEG, blood urea, and serum sodium, potassium, and calcium were normal; serum magnesium was low at 0-32 mmol/l (0-78 mg/100 ml).All drugs except metolazone were continued without recurrence of symptoms.The patient recalled an episode of syncope two years previously, when not taking any drug, which lasted for "seconds."This was preceded by a leg cramp but there was no incontinence.
Follow-up study of disability among elderly patients discharged from hospital with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Authors: H Peach, M S Pathy
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Chronic bronchitis is a common reason for admitting an old person to hospital. Government statistics measure the impact of admission only in terms of mortality. A follow-up study of disability among the elderly admitted to hospital wih an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is described. One month after discharge about 30% of patients were unable to walk as far on the flat or climb as many steps as they did before admission and 90% were unable to do all previous household chores or social activities. After a further two months, although the proportion of patients unable to do all previous household chores or social activities had decreased significantly the proportion with restricted ambulation or ability to climb stairs had not decreased. The proportion of patients admitting to anxiety or depression and being dissatisfied with their progress also remained high. We conclude that there is a need for graduated rehabilitation programmes, which have been shown to increase the walking distance of elderly bronchitics, to be extended to cover all aspects of disability and for home rehabilitation to become an integral part of the care of all elderly bronchitics discharged from hospital.
Inpatient Treatment of Alcoholism — New Life for the Minneapolis Plan
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IN 1949 a group of wealthy Minnesotans bought a white farmhouse northeast of Minneapolis and named it Hazelden Farm. Thus was born the Minneapolis plan for the treatment of alcoholism. It took a while for the plan to catch on, but eventually it did, and in the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of similar inpatient treatment programs for alcoholism came into existence. These programs involved a fixed period of hospitalization — usually 28 days. What happened during the 28 days varied somewhat from program to program, but a strong emphasis on Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was almost universal. The providers were usually . . .
Dexamethasone Suppression Test in Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: J. D. H. Slater, M. Hartog, R. Fraser, B. Rantzen
Journal: BMJ (1962)

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Study of the efficacy of Coated VICRYL Plus® Antibacterial suture (coated Polyglactin 910 suture with Triclosan) in two animal models of general surgery
Authors: A. Gómez-Alonso, F.J. García-Criado, F.C. Parreño-Manchado, J.E. García-Sánchez, E. García-Sánchez, A. Parreño-Manchado, Y. Zambrano-Cuadrado
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)