tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HFE C282Y homozygotes are at increased risk of breast and colorectal cancer
Authors: Nicholas J. Osborne, Lyle C. Gurrin, Katrina J. Allen, Clare C. Constantine, Martin B. Delatycki, Christine E. McLaren, Dorota M. Gertig, Gregory J. Anderson, Melissa C. Southey, John K. Olynyk, Lawrie W. Powell, John L. Hopper, Graham G. Giles, Dallas R. English
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The evidence that mutations in the HFE gene for hemochromatosis are associated with increased cancer risk is inconsistent. The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study is a prospective cohort study that commenced recruitment in 1990. Participants born in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or Ireland (n = 28,509) were genotyped for the HFE C282Y (substitution of tyrosine for cysteine at amino acid 282) variant. Incident cancers were ascertained from Australian cancer registries during an average of 14 years follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs), confidence intervals (CIs), and P values were obtained from separate Cox regression analyses for colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, all other solid cancers, and all cancers. Compared to those with no C282Y variant, C282Y homozygotes were at increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.22, 4.25; P = 0.01) and female C282Y homozygotes were at increased risk of developing breast cancer (HR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.24, 4.61; P = 0.01), but male C282Y homozygotes were not at increased risk for prostate cancer (HR = 0·96; 95% CI = 0·43, 2·15; P = 0.92). C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes were not at increased risk for colorectal cancer (HR = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.80, 2.01), breast cancer (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.74, 1.84), or prostate cancer (HR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.68, 1.70). Conclusion: HFE C282Y homozygotes have twice the risk of colorectal and breast cancer compared with those individuals without the C282Y variant. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
Small children may consume perfumed body sprays after mistaking them for soft drinks
Authors: D. Moore, R. Gronow, M. Mccabe
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Cheap perfumes have long been misused as a source of alcohol. Generally they contain 70-80% alcohol by volume, which equates with being 120-140° proof. This high alcohol concentration is necessary because a non-toxic volatile agent is needed to deliver the scent. There have been …
OVERCROWDING OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
Authors: R. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1906)

Overcrowding in the Medical Profession.The reports of the American Consuls at Chemnitz and Frankfort on overcrowding of the medical profession in Germany will b3 read with interest by every medical man in the United Kingdom.Mr. Monaghan, writing from Chemnitz, says that the overcrowding ia the medical profession in Germany is yearly growing worse, yet more and more
The Croonian Lectures ON TRYPANOSOMES CAUSING DISEASE IN MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN CENTRAL AFRICA: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: D. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (1915)

4. Free circulation of air about the wound.5. Easy dressing.6.. By-utilizindgit in the transverse position it miiay be of tse in cases of inicontinence of urine and faeces.The apparatus is inu use at the Royal Herbert Hospital, Woolwichl, ancd Major
The GMC's other general expenditure
Authors: T J D McConnell
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Teaching hospitals tend to have a welldeveloped pecking order.Original thought may be stifled owing to fear of stepping out of line.On the other hand, if in all branches of medicine a few doctors are encouraged to look critically at established procedures the results can be very stimulating.What better way to do this than to encourage all doctors to attempt some research, even if only a few are prepared to try ?Many of us are aware that professorial units have a stranglehold on appointments, but we should not allow them to have the same control over new ideas.Doctors at the periphery should not have their noses permanently stuck to the grindstone-if they did we would still be cupping and bleeding.
Morbidity due to asthma.
Authors: P. T. White
Journal: BMJ (1992)

drugs should aim at an even larger number of patients and continue longer.The planning of this study started in 1985 after our first results2 were available; at this time there were no human data suggesting a renal protective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.Peter T Sawicki and Michael Berger seem to recommend a comparison of enalapril and metoprolol treatments during the follow up period from six months onwards, and that only patients with follow up times of one year or more be included.A total of 18 patients treated with enalapril and 13 treated with metoprolol are evaluable in this respect.During this period the mean (SD) rate of change in glomerular filtration rate was 0-8 (4 7) ml/min/year in the enalapril treated and -3 3 (4 2) ml/min/year in the metoprolol treated patients (p= 0 016).The mean arterial blood pressures (mean of supine and standing pressures) were 102 (5) mm Hg and 103 (4) mm Hg, respectively.Multiple regression analysis shows that enalapril or metoprolol treatment was correlated to the rate of fall in glomerular filtration rate (p=002) but mean arterial blood pressure was not (p=0 8).If supine or standing mean arterial blood pressure is used, neither result is significant (p=026 and 0-4, respectively).Thus, in our enalapril treated patients there was no fall in glomerular filtration rate after the first six months.Blood pressure was less important for the prognosis of renal function than type of antihypertensive treatment in these patients with well controlled blood pressure.
The Scalded Skin Syndrome
Authors: Kenneth M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The infant shown in Fig 1 and the adult in Fig 2 had much in common. Both had fever and would not allow the skin to be touched; in both a bright erythema suddenly erupted. From its early beginnings around the mouth, the redness spread within hours to cover most of the body and intensified to the color of a scald. As the redness extended to the limbs, large flaccid blisters appeared on the older areas and quickly ruptured or filled with pus. Moderate lateral pressure on unblistered skin caused the epidermis to slide off, leaving an oozing reddened denuded surface. Both were treated with antibiotics, steroids, and supportive measures. (Both had remissions in the fever.) Both showed improvement of the skin within four to five days. Both died within a week of the onset of the red reaction. The acute diffuse erythema and blistering described above is aptly called
Meeting Report: Mode(s) of Action of Asbestos and Related Mineral Fibers
Authors: Maureen R. Gwinn, Danielle DeVoney, Annie M. Jarabek, Babasaheb Sonawane, John Wheeler, David N. Weissman, Scott Masten, Claudia Thompson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Although asbestos in general is well known to cause a range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic human health effects, not all asbestos fiber types have the same disease-causing potential, and the mode of action (MOA) of specific types of asbestos and related fibers for various health outcomes are not well understood.A workshop was held to discuss the state of the science of the MOA for asbestos-related disease. The objective was to review the range of asbestos-induced health effects (including those at sites remote to the respiratory tract). We sought to identify existing knowledge gaps and define what research is needed to address these gaps and advance asbestos research.Discussions centered on areas of uncertainty in the field, including the ways asbestos is defined and characterized, the role of different fiber characteristics (e.g., length and mineralogy) in disease, and the impact of low-dose exposures on human health. Studying the dosimetry and mode of action of multiple fiber types would enhance our understanding of asbestos-related disease. To better elucidate the MOA of specific asbestos fibers, the risk assessor requires data as to specific characteristics of asbestos in determining fiber toxicity (e.g., surface area, mineral type), which may inform efforts to assess and control exposures and prevent adverse human health outcomes for the diverse range of fiber types. Specific research aims were defined for these topics and for overarching issues to be addressed, including the use of standardized terminology, test materials, and better experimental models to aid in data extrapolation to humans.To resolve these and other issues, participants agreed that diverse scientific disciplines must coordinate to better understand the MOA leading to the various asbestos-related disease end points.
Biochemical Observations of Human Atheromatosis
Authors: NANCY L. NOBLE, ROBERT J. BOUCEK, KUNG-YING TANG KAO
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Atherosclerosis develops chiefly in the intima of the artery. Biochemical changes associated with atheromatosis were studied serially in human aortic intima by a gross division of the intima into normal tissue, early and advanced atheromata. Earliest alterations observed are increases in collagen concentration and in binding of hexosamine with scleroprotein. Elevation of lipids occurs only after development of the atherosclerotic lesion. There appear to be more biochemical alterations in female intima with atheromatosis and age than in male tissue. Calcium concentration does not increase with age in normal intimal tissue.
?Turkey ear?: a diagnosis or a physical sign?
Authors: C. Williams, A. Mitra, S. Walton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article 'Turkey ear': a diagnosis or a physical sign? Get access C. Williams, C. Williams Department of Dermatology, Princess Royal Hospital, Saltshouse Road, Hull HU8 9HE, U.K. E‐mail: tinawilliams@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Mitra, A. Mitra Department of Dermatology, Princess Royal Hospital, Saltshouse Road, Hull HU8 9HE, U.K. E‐mail: tinawilliams@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Walton S. Walton Department of Dermatology, Princess Royal Hospital, Saltshouse Road, Hull HU8 9HE, U.K. E‐mail: tinawilliams@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 4, 1 October 2007, Pages 816–818, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08077.x Published: 01 October 2007
Outcomes of Older Patients Receiving Chronic Dialysis-Reply
Authors: Christopher R. Blagg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to the letters by Dr Kutner and Dr Lundin, both of these letters support the concern we expressed in our Editorial about the interpretation of the results in the articles by Dr Ifudu and colleagues and Dr Byrne and colleagues. As anticipated, when the media picked up on these articles, the emphasis was, as Lundin notes, on dialysis as the cause of these patient problems. We agree with Kutner about the use of the "modified Karnofsky scale" in the articles by Ifudu et al. The Karnofsky scale is quite good and widely used, but the modifications in this article are such that it would not be useful to compare their results with those in other studies. Overall, these articles and the response to them reemphasize the need for much greater efforts in the rehabilitation of patients with ESRD and for education of the public that dialysis
THE USE AND ABUSE OF ELECTRICITY IN THE TREATMENT OF THE SO-CALLED NEUROSES.
Authors: L. HARRISON METTLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Of all the therapeutic measures employed to combat disease, electricity is probably the most abused. This is due partly to ignorance, partly to indifference. The extreme diversity of opinion in regard to it as an agent for good is ample testimony of the widespread ignorance concerning its powers. It is a fact that electricity is beneficial in the treatment of disease or it is not; it can not possess two dissimilar qualities at one and the same time. It is absolutely inconceivable that electricity should be at once perfectly neutral and most curative under similar conditions. Therefore, the differences of opinion held in regard to it can not be attributed to anything in the agent itself. The differences of opinion, must have their source in those who use the agent. The users themselves must differ either in their knowledge or in their methods of handling it. These assertions, I admit,
Cochrane review finds no proved benefit in drug treatment for patients with mild hypertension
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Treating patients with stage 1 (mild) hypertension has no benefit, a Cochrane review of studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States has found.1

Data from four randomised controlled trials, involving 8912 patients with stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg or diastolic 90-99 mm Hg, or both) and treated for four to five years, found that drug treatment did not reduce total mortality (risk ratio 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 1.15)), coronary heart disease (1.12 (0.8 to 1.57), or stroke (0.51 (0.24 to 1.08)). Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study.

David Cundiff, one of the reviewers, said that he believes that the analysis should lead to dramatic changes in the way doctors treat mild hypertension, allowing patients to throw away their blood pressure pills and focus instead on far more effective as well as evidence based approaches, such as exercising, smoking cessation, and eating a DASH (diet against systolic hypertension) or Mediterranean diet. 

Cundiff told the BMJ that “in light of the negative results of the trials in the literature” further clinical …
Abstract 4418: ENMD-1198, a new microtubule-targeting agent with potent anti-vascular properties
Authors: Eddy Pasquier, Snega Sinnappan, Marcia Munoz, Maria Kavallaris
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The formation of a new vascular network, by a process called angiogenesis, is a key driver in tumor growth and metastasis, making this an attractive therapeutic target in the fight against cancer. Different strategies are being developed to either prevent tumor angiogenesis (anti-angiogenic therapy) or disrupt the tumor vasculature already in place (vascular-disrupting therapy). ENMD-1198 is a new analogue of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), a microtubule-targeting agent that has shown promising results in the treatment of multiple myeloma, hormone refractory prostate cancer and recurrent ovarian cancer. Pre-clinical in vivo studies have shown that ENMD-1198 displayed improved metabolic stability as compared to its parental compound (2-ME2) and retained potent anti-tumor activity [1, 2]. We hypothesized that ENMD-1198 may also exhibit improved anti-angiogenic and/or vascular-disrupting properties. Using both bone-marrow derived and dermal microvascular endothelial cell lines, we thus analyzed and compared the effects of ENMD-1198 and 2-ME2 on the different functions of endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis. In both cell lines, ENMD-1198 was more potent than 2-ME2 at inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, motility, migration and morphogenesis. In addition, videomicroscopy experiments revealed that ENMD-1198 was able to completely disrupt pre-formed vascular structures within 2 hours. This vascular-disrupting activity was associated with extensive depolymerisation of microtubules, accumulation of actin stress fibers and alteration in focal adhesions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that this new compound displays improved anti-vascular properties and this study provides important insights into the mechanism of action of ENMD-1198, a promising new anti-cancer drug. 1. LaVallee T.M, Burke P.A, Swartz G.M et al. (2008) Mol Cancer Ther.7: 1472-82. 2. Moser C., Lang S.A., Mori A. et al. (2008) BMC Cancer 8:206. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4418.
Definitions of histocompatibility typing terms
Authors: Eduardo Nunes, Helen Heslop, Marcelo Fernandez-Vina, Cynthia Taves, Dawn R. Wagenknecht, A. Bradley Eisenbrey, Gottfried Fischer, Kay Poulton, Kara Wacker, Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Harriet Noreen, Nicoletta Sacchi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Hemoglobin S‐C disease revisited: Clinical study of 106 adults
Authors: Prasad Rao Koduri, Bernard Agbemadzo, Sunita Nathan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

We describe the clinical features of S-C hemoglobin disease in 106 adults seen during the years 1972-2000 and followed for a mean period of 6.8 years (range 1-27 years). The median age of the patients was 50 years. Common clinical features were pain crisis (65%), avascular necrosis of the hip (23%), proliferative sickle retinopathy (34%), and splenic infarction/splenic sequestration syndrome (19%). Acute splenic sequestration crisis occurred in 10 patients and was the presenting feature in two. Obesity (19.8%), essential hypertension (20.7%), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (10.3%) were common. The frequent occurrence of these co-morbidities among patients with hemoglobin S-C disease has not been reported previously.
Double-Blind Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide on Early-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Cynthia M Lewis, Damiel M Canafax, J Michael Sprafka, Jose J Barbosa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective —To determine the efficacy of nicotinamide in inducing remission in early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Research Design and Methods —This study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Results —Nicotinamide failed to induce remission or differences on β-cell secretion between the two groups.
Abstract PD05-06: Is ERα a Tamoxifen Predictive Factor in ERα Negative Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women?
Authors: A-C Källström, M Fernö, PE Jönsson, G Landberg, B Nordenskjöld, O. Stål
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor positive, defined as estrogen receptor (ERα) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive. Adjuvant tamoxifen decreases the risk of recurrence and improves survival in hormone positive breast cancer, irrespective of age. Still some do not respond to tamoxifen. The clinical significance of ERα is still unclear, even if studies indicate that ERα might be of importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the tumor expression of ERα in premenopausal women with breast cancer and the relationship to other clinical and pathological parameters and if there is any prognostic or predictive value. This is the first study of ERα based on a randomized study including only premenopausal women. Material and Methods: Premenopausal women (n=564) with breast cancer, Stage II (UICC), were randomized to either two years of adjuvant tamoxifen (n=276) or no tamoxifen (n=288). The median follow-up was 13.9 years. The expression of ERα (n=303) and ERα (n=309) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays (TMA). ERα was considered positive if more than 50% of the cells were stained (n=174). ERα was scored according to number of positive cells and the intensity of the staining. ERα negative (n=70) score 0, 1-49% (n=137) score 1, 50-100% (n=102) score 2 and the intensity negative (n=70) score 0, weak (n=119) score 1, strong (n=120) score 2. ERα summary score 4 was considered positive (n=118). Results: ERα was correlated with lymph node status (p=0.024), ERα (p=0.00016), PR (p=0.0084), Ki67 (p=0.035), cyclin D1 (P&amp;gt;0.00001) but showed a negative correlation to HER2 (p=0.042). Patients with ERα+/ERα- tumors showed significant benefit from 2 years of tamoxifen compared to those with ERα-/ERα — tumors (table1). In the control group ERα showed no prognostic value. Recurrence free survival (RFS) at 10 years tamoxifen vs control Discussion: ERα might be a tamoxifen predictive factor in ERα negative premenopausal breast cancer. If so, further studies are motivated to explore whether a subset of patients with triple negative breast cancer could benefit from endocrine therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD05-06.
Margaret McCartney: Patients and professionals: all in this together?
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2015)

What does partnership mean? Together. On the same side. Working as one. At least, that’s what it means to me, so the tone of some of the recent debate on patient empowerment has surprised me. Many articles in the medical press are telling doctors to get out of the driving seat—saying that we oppress patients, who need “emancipation.”

Much of medicine is still grounded in paternalism; this is true. And it’s true that services are often designed for the healthiest middle classes rather than for people with multimorbidity or who lack internet access or have poor literacy, for example.

Doctors are not the enemy, though. I want emancipation, too: I am working for the government rather than patients, and this system leaves me drained and …
Complete remission of a radio-resistant cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp by systemic treatment with liposomal doxorubicin
Authors: S. Eiling, S. Lischner, J-O. Busch, D. Rothaupt, E. Christophers, A. Hauschild
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary We report an 80-year-old man suffering from an angiosarcoma of the scalp. Because of the wide extent of the lesions, surgery was not performed. Instead, the patient was treated with electron-beam radiation. Later, the patient failed to benefit from radiotherapy demonstrated by a local relapse and new malignant lesions. Additionally, a cervical lymph node metastasis appeared for the first time. Subsequently, we successfully administered liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx®). Shortly after administration of two cycles the scalp angiosarcoma showed a clear regression. Following six cycles, the patient clinically showed a complete remission of all skin lesions and the cervical lymph node; metastasis was confirmed by histology and fine needle aspiration, respectively. Liposomal and pegylated doxorubicin, a cytostatic drug belonging to the anthracyclines, has already shown to be effective and mostly well tolerated in the therapy of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma and very recently in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, too. Caelyx® appears to be a promising alternative to conventional treatment of cutaneous angiosarcoma.