tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Technology for development: innovation is not enough
Authors: Alice C Thomson, Alexander ET Finlayson, Faisal R Ali
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

In their editorial,1 Bhala et al. suggest that novel technology is a short-term alternative to building strong healthcare systems and can remove focus from important issues such as the global shortage of healthcare workers and the brain drain from developing countries.

While the mere idea of innovation is insufficient to bring about a revolution in global health, when coupled with effective implementation, the impact can be real and the effect sustainable. Specifically, new technology has been demonstrably used to facilitate the progress of high-quality healthcare systems in developing countries. This can be using ICT to help support isolated healthcare professionals, and for educational and research capacity building.

Novel web-based technologies allow organizations such as MedicineAfrica to provide ongoing educational and clinical support in real time to remote healthcare professionals and students in Somaliland through times of conflict and crisis.2 UK healthcare professionals are able to contribute their time and expertise on a sustainable basis, for example through giving a one-hour live, online teaching session per week to trainees where adequate in country support is not readily available. Partnerships like this not only help train healthcare professionals, but also build upon existing frameworks to increase educational capacity in developing countries.

Furthermore, the use of technology to connect people can also go a long way towards increasing research capacity. Access to current medical journals through HINARI and correspondence with the global community are essential for conducting high-quality pioneering research but require ongoing oversight.3, 4 New technologies can be used to provide long-term North–South and South–South communication, mentoring and idea sharing to help advance a new generation of research leaders in developing countries.5

With planning, implementation and evaluation in mind, the global community can address the global shortage of healthcare workers and brain drain through the use of innovative technologies.
Allocating Limited Resources
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Medical progress is made at the interface between the biologic and physical sciences and clinical practice. Traditionally, physician-scientists have worked at this interface, providing the expertise to fill the gap between the art and science of medicine. Since the number of physicians who pursue full-time investigative careers is declining, a number of programs have been established to help attract and retain such physician-scientists. Among these programs is one established by the National Institutes of Health under congressional mandate through the Public Health Improvement Act, also known as Public Law 106-505. The law provides educational-debt relief for physicians embarking on investigative . . .
Noninvasive Assessment of Pulmonary Artery Flow and Resistance by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Diseases With Unrestricted Left-to-Right Shunt
Authors: Aaron Bell, Philipp Beerbaum, Gerald Greil, Sanjeet Hegde, André Michael Toschke, Tobias Schaeffter, Reza Razavi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
IL-21R is essential for epicutaneous sensitization and allergic skin inflammation in humans and mice
Authors: Haoli Jin, Michiko K. Oyoshi, Yi Le, Teresa Bianchi, Suresh Koduru, Clinton B. Mathias, Lalit Kumar, Séverine Le Bras, Deborah Young, Mary Collins, Michael J. Grusby, Joerg Wenzel, Thomas Bieber, Marianne Boes, Leslie E. Silberstein, Hans C. Oettgen, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of intense pruritus, scratching, and epicutaneous (e.c.) sensitization with allergens. To explore the roles of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) in AD, we examined skin lesions from patients with AD and used a mouse model of allergic skin inflammation. IL-21 and IL-21R expression was upregulated in acute skin lesions of AD patients and in mouse skin subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching. The importance of this finding was highlighted by the fact that both Il21r–/– mice and WT mice treated with soluble IL-21R–IgG2aFc fusion protein failed to develop skin inflammation after e.c. sensitization of tape-stripped skin. Adoptively transferred OVA-specific WT CD4+ T cells accumulated poorly in draining LNs (DLNs) of e.c. sensitized Il21r–/– mice. This was likely caused by both DC-intrinsic and nonintrinsic effects, because trafficking of skin DCs to DLNs was defective in Il21r–/– mice and, to a lesser extent, in WT mice reconstituted with Il21r–/– BM. More insight into this defect was provided by the observation that skin DCs from tape-stripped WT mice, but not Il21r–/– mice, upregulated CCR7 and migrated toward CCR7 ligands. Treatment of epidermal and dermal cells with IL-21 activated MMP2, which has been implicated in trafficking of skin DCs. These results suggest an important role for IL-21R in the mobilization of skin DCs to DLNs and the subsequent allergic response to e.c. introduced antigen.
Improved method of transvenous liver biopsy.
Authors: I T Gilmore, R D Bradley, R P Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

She was treated with Triplopen (benethamine and procaine penicillin with benzyl penicillin sodium) 1-2 megaunits intramuscularly daily for ten days.Two weeks after treatment she could drink alcohol without adverse effect.The lymphadenopathy resolved within three weeks.At six months her Wassermann test result was negative and she had had no recurrence of the pain with alcohol.Her regular consort was treated for early latent syphilis but had no history of alcohol-induced pain.
Rapid Estrogen Receptor Signaling Is Essential for the Protective Effects of Estrogen Against Vascular Injury
Authors: Sophie J. Bernelot Moens, Gavin R. Schnitzler, Moriah Nickerson, Huiming Guo, Kazutaka Ueda, Qing Lu, Mark J. Aronovitz, Heather Nickerson, Wendy E. Baur, Ulla Hansen, Lakshmanan K. Iyer, Richard H. Karas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Clinical trial and epidemiological data support that the cardiovascular effects of estrogen are complex, including a mixture of both potentially beneficial and harmful effects. In animal models, estrogen protects females from vascular injury and inhibits atherosclerosis. These effects are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs), which, when bound to estrogen, can bind to DNA to directly regulate transcription. ERs can also activate several cellular kinases by inducing a rapid nonnuclear signaling cascade. However, the biological significance of this rapid signaling pathway has been unclear.In the present study, we develop a novel transgenic mouse in which rapid signaling is blocked by overexpression of a peptide that prevents ERs from interacting with the scaffold protein striatin (the disrupting peptide mouse). Microarray analysis of ex vivo treated mouse aortas demonstrates that rapid ER signaling plays an important role in estrogen-mediated gene regulatory responses. Disruption of ER-striatin interactions also eliminates the ability of estrogen to stimulate cultured endothelial cell migration and to inhibit cultured vascular smooth muscle cell growth. The importance of these findings is underscored by in vivo experiments demonstrating loss of estrogen-mediated protection against vascular injury in the disrupting peptide mouse after carotid artery wire injury.Taken together, these results support the concept that rapid, nonnuclear ER signaling contributes to the transcriptional regulatory functions of ER and is essential for many of the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. These findings also identify the rapid ER signaling pathway as a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Case Clusters of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Just over three weeks ago, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a worldwide notice about the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). It described a rapidly progressive, sometimes fatal pneumonia that appears to have arisen from Guangdong Province in southern China. At the time of the WHO notice, there were known SARS cases in China (both the mainland and the special administrative region of Hong Kong), Vietnam, Singapore, and Canada. As of the end of March, there are more than 1600 cases and more than 50 deaths in over a dozen countries. At this time, it is impossible to forecast how . . .
Sirolimus after kidney transplantation
Authors: A. Sharif
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cell size asymmetries are often linked to cell fate decisions, due to cell volumes and cell fate determinants being unequally partitioned during asymmetric cell divisions. A clear example is found in the sea urchin embryo, where a characteristic and obvious unequal 4th cleavage generates micromeres, which are necessary for mesendoderm cell fate specification. Unlike sea urchin development, sea star development is generally thought to have only equal cleavage. However, subtle cell size asymmetries can be observed in sea star embryos; whether those cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star development and if they are involved in cell fate decisions remains unknown. Using confocal live imaging of early embryos we quantified cell size asymmetries in 16-cell stage embryos of two sea star species, <i>Patiria miniata</i> and <i>Patiriella regularis</i>. Using photoconversion to perform lineage tracing, we find that the position of the smallest cells of <i>P. miniata</i> embryos is biased toward anterior ventral tissues. However, both blastomere dissociation and mechanical removal of one small cell do not prevent dorsoventral (DV) axis formation, suggesting that embryos compensate for the loss of those cells and asymmetric partitioning of maternal determinants is not strictly necessary for DV patterning. Finally, we show that manipulating cell size to introduce artificial cell size asymmetries is not sufficient to direct the positioning of the future DV axis in <i>P. miniata</i> embryos. Our results show that although cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star early cleavage and may be predictive of the DV axis, they are not necessary to instruct DV axis formation.
Outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma in a large cohort inside a phase 1 clinic department
Authors: J.-M. Michot, L. Benajiba, C. Baldini, L. Faivre, A. Danu, A. Hollebecque, C. Massard, A. Varga, R. Bahleda, A. Gazzah, J.-C. Soria, V. Ribrag
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
63 In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of HCV polymerase inhibitors as potential drug candidates for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: S. Dagan, E. Ilan, S. Aviel, O. Nussbaum, E. Arazi, O. Ben-Moshe, D. Slama, I. Tzionas, Y. Shoshany, S.W. Lee, J.J. Han, S.J. Park, G.H. Lee, E.Y. Park, J.C. Shin, J.W. Suh, J.W. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Dobutamine Echocardiography Predicts Improvement of Hypoperfused Dysfunctional Myocardium After Revascularization in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Leonardo Pace, Mariella Prastaro, Federico Piscione, Sandro Betocchi, Fiorenzo Squame, Pasquale Vezzuto, Andrea Soricelli, Ciro Indolfi, Marco Salvatore, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Circulation (1995)

In patients with coronary artery disease, dysfunctional hypoperfused myocardium at rest may represent either necrotic or viable hibernating myocardium. The accuracy of inotropic stimulation in identifying hypoperfused, reversibly dysfunctional myocardium has not been extensively investigated.Eighteen patients with stable chronic coronary artery disease underwent, while off drugs, quantitative 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography after rest injection (2 to 3 mCi), two-dimensional echocardiography at rest and during dobutamine (5 to 10 micrograms/kg per minute i.v.), and radionuclide angiography. Single-photon emission computed tomography and echocardiography at rest were repeated 34 +/- 10 days after coronary revascularization, and radionuclide angiography was repeated 45 +/- 13 days after revascularization. Resting hypoperfusion was defined as 201Tl uptake < 80% of maximal activity. Systolic function was scored from 1 (normal) to 4 (dyskinesia), and functional improvement was defined as a score change > 1 grade. Of 79 dysfunctional hypoperfused segments, 48 (61%) improved function after revascularization. In 42 (88%) of these latter segments, function had improved during dobutamine. Conversely, systolic function after revascularization did not improve in 31 segments, and in 27 (87%), it had not improved during dobutamine. Functional improvement after revascularization was observed in 42 (91%) of 46 segments manifesting an improvement during dobutamine as opposed to 6 (18%) of 33 segments that did not improve during dobutamine. Resting 201Tl uptake (% of maximal activity) before revascularization (65 +/- 9%) significantly increased at follow-up in segments where function improved (70 +/- 12%, P < .005), whereas it did not change significantly in segments with unchanged systolic function after revascularization (from 57 +/- 13% to 60 +/- 17%, P = NS). In 10 patients with prerevascularization ejection fraction < 45%, left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased from 36 +/- 7% before revascularization to 42 +/- 7% at follow-up (P < .05).Inotropic stimulation using dobutamine echocardiography identifies hypoperfused reversibly dysfunctional myocardium. Functional improvement during dobutamine is highly predictive of improvement after revascularization.
Ultrasound guided injection of plantar fasciitis
Authors: S M WONG
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3></h3> CROSS-AUS (Confidential Reporting on Structural Safety – Australasia) is a confidential reporting system established in Australasia in 2018 to capture and share lessons learned from structural safety issues which might not otherwise get public recognition, with the aim of preventing future failures. Confidential reporting is a well-established safety procedure, especially in aviation, and CROSS-AUS builds on the success of CROSS-UK, the unique UK based system which has been operating since 2005 and is part of a growing network of CROSS programmes internationally. The Shergold Weir report, Building Confidence, published in 2018, highlighted a wide range of problems in the Australian construction industry and concluded 'It is our considered view that the nature and extent of the problems put to us are significant and concerning. They are likely to undermine public trust in the health and safety of buildings if they are not addressed in a comprehensive manner.' It is important that the structural engineering community plays it part in restoring confidence in our industry, and CROSS-AUS provides a vehicle whereby everyone can contribute towards improving quality and safety by sharing safety issues and disseminating advice on good practice. The paper will describe the processes used by CROSS-AUS and provide examples of instances where beneficial changes have resulted. Ultimately the intention is to have a global freely available database to be used by the construction industry anywhere to improve the safety of their buildings, structures, and national infrastructure.
Aging and antimicrobial immunity. Impaired production of mediator T cells as a basis for the decreased resistance of senescent mice to listeriosis.
Authors: P J Patel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Immunity to infection of mice with the facultative, intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was employed as a model system to investigate the immunological basis for the age-associated decline in anti-microbial immunity. In response to a sublethal immunizing infection, aged (24-mo old or more) mice displayed a smaller increase in spleen weight, spleen cellularity, and splenic T cell content than young (3- to 4-mo-old) mice. Aged mice also generated a smaller number of anti-Listeria protective T cells at the time of a peak response, in that their spleen cells were 1,000-fold less protective than equivalent numbers of spleen cells from the young donors, even when enriched T cell populations were employed. These results suggest that the impaired ability of aged mice to produce protective T cells is mainly responsible for decreased resistance of these mice to infection with Listeria.
928 EFFECTIVENESS OF TENOFOVIR DF (TDF) MONOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR EXPERIENCE TO NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES BY DIFFERENT PATTERN OF PRE-EXISTING MUTATIONS
Authors: F. van Bömmel, R. deMan, J. Reijnders, P. Ferenci, H. Wedemeyer, K. Deterding, J.P. Bronowiki, A. Erhardt, D. Hüppe, P. Buggisch, J. Petersen, M. Bourlière, M. Schuchmann, C. Sarrazin, J. Trojan, U. Spengler, S. Brost, K. Rutter, A. Pariente, H. Wasmuth, B. Fülöp, H.-H. Feucht, B. Wiedenmann, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
7q11.23 dosage-dependent dysregulation in human pluripotent stem cells affects transcriptional programs in disease-relevant lineages
Authors: Antonio Adamo, Sina Atashpaz, Pierre-Luc Germain, Matteo Zanella, Giuseppe D'Agostino, Veronica Albertin, Josh Chenoweth, Lucia Micale, Carmela Fusco, Christian Unger, Bartolomeo Augello, Orazio Palumbo, Brad Hamilton, Massimo Carella, Emilio Donti, Giancarlo Pruneri, Angelo Selicorni, Elisa Biamino, Paolo Prontera, Ronald McKay, Giuseppe Merla, Giuseppe Testa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
DEMONSTRATION OF HEAVY AND LIGHT CHAIN ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON THE CELL-BOUND RECEPTOR FOR ANTIGEN
Authors: Curla S. Walters, Hans Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

High-rate antibody-forming cells and immunological memory cells can be selectively retained if filtered through a column coated with relevant antigen. This trapping can be blocked if the cells are incubated with an anti-immunoglobulin serum prior to column passage. A similar blocking is not observed when cells are treated with an anti-lymphocyte serum, thereby excluding the possibility that any antibodies combining with surface structures could cause this effect. By the use of antisera specific for heavy or light chain antigens, it was possible to locate such antigens in the antigen-binding receptor areas of immune cells. Criss-cross studies using antisera specific for gamma 1 or gamma 2a heavy chains showed that the membrane receptor has the same heavy chain as will be present in the eventual product of that cell, the humoral antibody.
Aetiology of acute diarrhoea in adults.
Authors: J Jewkes, H E Larson, A B Price, P J Sanderson, H A Davies
Journal: Gut (1981)

We have studied 73 adults with acute diarrhoea and identified a micro-organism or toxin likely to be the cause in 58%. In addition to routinely cultured bacteria, Campylobacter coli/jejuni and Clostridium difficile were important pathogens in the community. Patients who developed diarrhoea after antibiotic use had a distinctive clinical syndrome and comprised the third largest group of cases. Clinical, epidemiological, and histological features in an additional group with negative cultures and no antibiotic history suggest that an additional bacterial pathogen remains to be identified as a cause of acute diarrhoea in adults.
Day hospital rehabilitation--effectiveness and cost in the elderly: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: M A Tucker, J G Davison, S J Ogle
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The effectiveness and cost of day hospital care in rehabilitation were studied in a randomised controlled trial in 120 elderly patients who were assessed at referral and six weeks and five months later in activities of daily living skills and mood. Day hospital patients were compared with a control group, who were managed as they would have been before the availability of day hospital care. Day hospital patients showed a significant improvement in performance of activities of daily living at six weeks but not at five months; however, they had a sustained improvement in mood. The cost of day hospital rehabilitation was one third greater than that of rehabilitation by alternative means. In its current form the geriatric day hospital is not a cheap alternative to other means of rehabilitation. Expensive components of the day hospital should be critically re-examined and renewed emphasis placed on sufficient inpatient beds, domiciliary services, and day care centres.
Couple allowed to select an embryo to save sibling
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A couple whose son suffers from a rare blood disorder have been become the first parents in the United Kingdom to be given the go ahead to use preimplantation tissue typing solely to try to create a donor sibling who could save their child's life.

Joshua Fletcher's case is the first to be approved since the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) relaxed its rules in July (31 July, p 251).

Before then, under rules made in 2001, tissue typing could be carried out only …
Sirolimus Therapy in Tuberous Sclerosis or Sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: D. Mark Davies, Simon R. Johnson, Anne E. Tattersfield, J. Chris Kingswood, Jane A. Cox, Deborah L. McCartney, Tim Doyle, Frances Elmslie, Anand Saggar, Petrus J. de Vries, Julian R. Sampson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomatous growths in many organs and caused by inherited mutations of the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. Acquired (somat...
Serum Lipid Levels in Angiographically Defined Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: PETER F. COHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

To evaluate the association between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and angiographically determined coronary artery disease, two selected groups of 100 patients each were compared. The coronary artery disease group had significantly higher serum levels of both cholesterol and triglyceride. However, several types of analyses based on the quartile distribution of serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride showed that the serum cholesterol level was more significantly associated with coronary artery disease than was the triglyceride level. This was especially true in relation to multivessel disease, the most severe form of coronary artery disease, and most marked in men. Association with coronary artery disease appeared to be continuous, rather than being related to any critical serum level, thus re-emphasizing the need to distinguish between desirable and average levels of serum cholesterol in countries with a high dietary intake of saturated fat.
Hb leiden‐β° thalassemia in a chinese with severe hemolytic anemia
Authors: Luan Eng Lie‐Injo, Z. I. Randhawa, J. Ganesan, D. Peterson, J. P. Kane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract The first case of Hb Leiden (α 2 β 2 6 or 7 Glu→0 )‐β° thalassemia in a young patient with chronic severe hemolytic anemia, which improved after splenectomy, is described. His parents were Chinese. The patient's blood showed no Hb A or normal β chains when no blood transfusion was given. His mother was heterozygous for β° thalassemia, and his father and brother had the trait for the unstable Hb Leiden. The Hb Leiden level of the father was 22.6% and that of the brother was 19.3%. It is probable that the abnormal hemoglobin in this Chinese family resulted from an independent gene mutation, unrelated to the one found in 2 Caucasian families reported earlier.