tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Intensive Group Psychotherapy with Psychiatric Residents as Part of Residency Training
Authors: BENJAMIN J. SADOCK, HAROLD I. KAPLAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

At New York Medical College—Metropolitan Hospital Center all psychiatric residents may participate in psychotherapy groups. The significant success of the program is related to "structured interaction," the therapist's creation of a structural matrix within which interaction occurs. The group experience enables the resident to become aware of his emotional problems and to correct them. In addition, it eases the transition between the first and second years of the residency—the period when recognition of the limitations in psychiatric knowledge often causes disillusionment and personal disequilibrium.
A case of Behcet's disease aggravated by gingival infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Y. SUGA, R. TSUBOI, S. KOBAYASHI, H. OGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report a case of Behcet's disease aggravated by gingivitis and carious teeth infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Recurrent severe ulcers in the mouth, and on the genitalia and legs were closely linked with the infection, and dramatically improved after extraction of the carious teeth and administration of systemic vancomycin hydrochloride.
Pivotal Role of Timely Basal Insulin Replacement After Metformin Failure in Sustaining Long-Term Blood Glucose Control at a Target in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Geremia B. Bolli, Paola Lucidi, Francesca Porcellati, Carmine G. Fanelli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Type 2 diabetes over time associates with the development of vascular complications (1). The causative role of long-term elevation of blood glucose is well established, at least for microvascular complications, since intervention strategies directed at reducing hyperglycemia lower onset and/or progression of microangiopathy (1,2). The role of hyperglycemia and its treatment in the development of macrovascular complications is less well established. In fact, it takes a longer time to observe a positive effect of better blood glucose control (in addition to reducing the multiple risk factors often associated with type 2 diabetes such as hypertension, visceral obesity, and hyperdyslipidemia) on macroangiopathy compared with microangiopathy (1,3,4). Today’s understanding of the complex relationship between hyperglycemia and complications in type 2 diabetes predicates that only an early and aggressive blood glucose–lowering intervention (in addition to reduction of the above mentioned risk factors), successfully sustained over time, will translate into benefits on macrovascular complications several years later (likely 10–15 years) (1,3–5). Thus, the present recommendation is to intensively treat people with type 2 diabetes from the clinical onset of the disease, particularly subjects with short diabetes duration who likely have not yet developed vascular complications and who presumably have a long life-expectancy (6).

At present, the question is not whether to intensively treat people with type 2 diabetes at onset of the disease to prevent long-term complications. The question rather is how to intensively treat type 2 diabetes over the many years and decades of the progression of the disease to consistently keep A1C levels <7.0% over the entire cycle of type 2 diabetes. At present, this question is difficult to answer, primarily because of the lack of evidence of long-term effects of one specific intervention, compared with several other possible intervention strategies …
Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: PETER C. FUNG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

An adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland origin metastasized to the abdomen four years after the initial diagnosis. It showed heavy uptake of Ga-67 citrate and hypervascularity. The clinical and pathologic features are discussed. Gallium scan and arteriography (usually external carotid artery injection) may prove helpful in the early diagnosis and management in the various phases of the disease.
Quitting Smoking: Nicotine vs Placebo Gum-Reply
Authors: John R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Dr Jacobson implies that if our sample size were adequate we would have shown an effect of nicotine gum. We would remind our readers that the 2% to 5% increases in quit rates with nicotine gum in our study were not reliable. In addition, if one uses meta-analytic techniques 1 to combine the results from ours and the two prior studies with 1-year follow-ups 2,3 to increase the sample size, the combined results do not show a significant difference between nicotine and placebo gum. To detect a small increase in quit rates with adequate power (β =.80) and a conservative type II error (a =.05) would require very large sample sizes (eg, 2840 for the 7% vs 10% difference reported in our trial) and this is why we decided not to try to detect such a difference. 4   Dr Jacobson states that more intensive treatment and follow-up increase quit
The Best Screening Test for Colorectal Cancer — A Personal Choice
Authors: Steven H. Woolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

It is well established that screening for colorectal cancer with the fecal occult-blood test significantly lowers the rate of death from the disease.1 The report by Mandel et al.2 in this issue of the Journal suggests that it also prevents cancer, reaffirming prior research about the benefits of detecting adenomatous polyps.3 The mounting evidence that early detection saves lives has sharpened the consensus among professional groups that screening for colorectal cancer should begin routinely at the age of 50.4 The current debate centers on which tests to use, at what ages, and how often. Each of the tests — fecal . . .
The role of platelet activating factor in a neonatal piglet model of necrotising enterocolitis
Authors: A K Ewer
Journal: Gut (2004)

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially devastating disorder of preterm infants but its aetiology remains unclear. The aim of these studies was to develop a neonatal piglet model for NEC and to then use the model to investigate the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in its pathogenesis.Anaesthetised newborn piglets were divided into six groups: (i) controls, and groups subjected to (ii) hypoxia, (iii) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), (iv) hypoxia+LPS, (v) hypoxia+LPS and the PAF antagonist WEB 2170, and (vi) PAF. Arterial blood pressure (ABP), superior mesenteric artery blood flow (MBF), mesenteric vascular conductance (MVC), and arterial blood gases were recorded, and intestinal histology was evaluated.Exposure to LPS, hypoxia+LPS, or PAF all caused haemorrhagic intestinal lesions associated with varying degrees of intestinal injury. PAF caused a significant initial decrease in both MVC and MBF whereas hypoxia+LPS caused a significant late reduction in ABP and MBF with a trend towards a decrease in MVC. The effects of hypoxia+LPS on both haemodynamic changes and intestinal injury were ameliorated by WEB 2170.Administration of hypoxia and LPS or of PAF in the neonatal piglet induces haemodynamic changes and intestinal lesions that are consistent with NEC. These effects are ameliorated by prior administration of WEB 2170, indicating an important role for PAF in the pathogenesis of NEC.
Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma, Prostaglandins, and Nutmeg
Authors: J. A. Barrowman, A. Bennett, P. Hillenbrand, K. Rolles, D. J. Pollock, J. T. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1975)

have been both surprised by the low plasma levels of prostaglandinlike activity reported (pg/1) and jealous of the sensitivity of our assay.The values before and after surgery were 1 million times higher and should have read 5-4 and 0 5 ng prostaglandin E2 equivalents/ml respectively.
Glucocorticoids Antagonize Estrogens by Glucocorticoid Receptor–Mediated Activation of Estrogen Sulfotransferase
Authors: Haibiao Gong, Michael J. Jarzynka, Timothy J. Cole, Jung Hoon Lee, Taira Wada, Bin Zhang, Jie Gao, Wen-Chao Song, Donald B. DeFranco, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Wen Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Glucocorticoids and estrogens are two classes of steroid hormones that have essential but distinct physiologic functions. Estrogens also represent a risk factor for breast cancer. It has been suggested that glucocorticoids can attenuate estrogen responses, but the mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit estrogenic activity is unknown. In this study, we show that activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by dexamethasone (DEX) induced the expression and activity of estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1 or EST), an enzyme important for the metabolic deactivation of estrogens, because sulfonated estrogens fail to activate the estrogen receptor. Treatment with DEX lowered circulating estrogens, compromised uterine estrogen responses, and inhibited estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth in vitro and in a xenograft model. We further showed that the mouse and human SULT1E1 genes are transcriptional targets of GR and deletion of Sult1e1/Est in mice abolished the DEX effect on estrogen responses. These findings have revealed a novel nuclear receptor–mediated and metabolism-based mechanism of estrogen deprivation, which may have implications in therapeutic development for breast cancers. Because glucocorticoids and estrogens are widely prescribed drugs, our results also urge caution in avoiding glucocorticoid-estrogen interactions in patients. [Cancer Res 2008;68(18):7386–93]
Extension of Fundal Gastritis Studied by Endoscopic Congo Red Test
Authors: M. Tatsuta, T. Saegusa, S. Okuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

The extension and histological changes of fundal gastritis were investigated by endoscopic congored test, combined with gastric biopsy under direct vision, and obtained the following results. 1. Atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia was extended with advancing years. – 2. The mode of extension of gastritis was speculated to take 3 courses; a) from the lower corpus to the cardia, b) from the cardiac portion to the lower corpus, and c) combined form of (a) and (b). – 3. Follow-up studies on 24 cases of gastritis for 2 years and one month, on average, using congo red test, indicated that: a) Extension of atrophic gastritis was found in no case during the observation period. Atrophic gastritis appeared to progress very slowly. b) Superficial gastritis was changed markedly with the course of the disease. This may play a major role in the extension and shrinkage of the discolored area.
The Case against Persuasive Advertising by Health Maintenance Organizations
Authors: A S Brett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ADVERTISING by health maintenance organizations (HMOs) has become increasingly common in the United States. But unlike advertising by private physicians, which has generated considerable controversy,1 2 3 4 5 6 advertising by HMOs has been virtually ignored. The reasons for this relative silence are unclear. Perhaps it is that HMOs are regarded as businesses, for which the use of advertising is widely accepted, whereas private physicians are more likely to be viewed as professionals whose integrity would be tarnished by advertising.Whatever the reasons for this disparity, I wish to show that much HMO advertising is problematic. Although some of my points are applicable to . . .
BCOR and BCORL1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes and related disorders
Authors: Frederik Damm, Virginie Chesnais, Yasunobu Nagata, Kenichi Yoshida, Laurianne Scourzic, Yusuke Okuno, Raphael Itzykson, Masashi Sanada, Yuichi Shiraishi, Véronique Gelsi-Boyer, Aline Renneville, Satoru Miyano, Hiraku Mori, Lee-Yung Shih, Sophie Park, François Dreyfus, Agnes Guerci-Bresler, Eric Solary, Christian Rose, Stéphane Cheze, Thomas Prébet, Norbert Vey, Marion Legentil, Yannis Duffourd, Stéphane de Botton, Claude Preudhomme, Daniel Birnbaum, Olivier A. Bernard, Seishi Ogawa, Michaela Fontenay, Olivier Kosmider
Journal: Blood (2013)
Anomalous lung cancer cell carriage: A historical review with present prospects
Authors: W.I.B. Onuigbo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)

It is a scientific axiom that anomalous findings may imply imperfections in current concepts and are often a stimulus to discovery. Therefore, this article surveys the publications extending from 1818 to 1897 in order to quantify the experiences of the medical masters because they were perturbed that, at autopsy, lung cancer cells usually failed to cross the midline to the opposite lung. Accordingly, there is need to recognize that this is actually an anomalous phenomenon which requires explanation. In all probability, the anomaly is explicable on the basis of the workings of a hitherto hidden Factor which originates in lung parenchyma. Therefore, it is argued that the Factor would perform best in the contralateral lung. Finally, it is hypothesized that its conspicuous effect in the contralateral lung is what explains the anomaly of low or no colonization of that most eligible site in the body. Incidentally, surgical cannulation and videomicroscopic retrieval of dying and living cancer cells will provide subsets for research on the phenomenon proper.
98 EXTENDED (2 YEARS) TREATMENT WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A [40KD] IMPROVES SUSTAINED RESPONSE RATES IN GENOTYPE D PATIENTS WITH HBEAG NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: P. Lampertico, M. Vigano, G. Di Costanzo, E. Sagnelli, M. Fasano, V. Di Marco, S. Boninsegna, P. Farci, S. Fargion, T. Giuberti, C. Iannacone, B. Massetto, P. Fedeli, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease
Authors: W.H. Wilson Tang, Stanley L. Hazen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine (TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. A meta-organismal pathway was elucidated involving gut microbiota-dependent formation of TMA and host hepatic flavin monooxygenase 3-dependent (FMO3-dependent) formation of TMA-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite shown to be both mechanistically linked to atherosclerosis and whose levels are strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Collectively, these studies reveal that nutrient precursors, gut microbiota, and host participants along the meta-organismal pathway elucidated may serve as new targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
TCT-49 Comparison Of Stent Thrombosis Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Across Different Clinical Presentations
Authors: Joshua P. Loh, Salem Badr, Israel Barbash, Fang Chen, Kenneth Kent, Hironori Kitabata, Marco A. Magalhaes, Sa'ar Minha, Al Fazir Omar, Hideaki Ota, Lakshmana Pendyala, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Stimulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Prevents Cigarette Smoke–induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Emphysema
Authors: Norbert Weissmann, Borja Lobo, Alexandra Pichl, Nirmal Parajuli, Michael Seimetz, Raquel Puig-Pey, Elisabet Ferrer, Víctor I. Peinado, David Domínguez-Fandos, Athanasios Fysikopoulos, Johannes-Peter Stasch, Hossein A. Ghofrani, Núria Coll-Bonfill, Reiner Frey, Ralph T. Schermuly, Jéssica García-Lucio, Isabel Blanco, Mariola Bednorz, Olga Tura-Ceide, Elsa Tadele, Ralf P. Brandes, Jan Grimminger, Walter Klepetko, Peter Jaksch, Robert Rodriguez-Roisin, Werner Seeger, Friedrich Grimminger, Joan A. Barberà
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death worldwide. No therapy stopping progress of the disease is available.To investigate the role of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cGMP axis in development of lung emphysema and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and to test whether the sGC-cGMP axis is a treatment target for these conditions.Investigations were performed in human lung tissue from patients with COPD, healthy donors, mice, and guinea pigs. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for up to 6 months and treated with BAY 63-2521. Guinea pigs were exposed to CS from six cigarettes per day for 3 months, 5 days per week and treated with BAY 41-2272. Both BAY compounds are sGC stimulators. Gene and protein expression analysis were performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Lung compliance, hemodynamics, right ventricular heart mass alterations, and alveolar and vascular morphometry were performed, as well as inflammatory cell infiltrate assessment. In vitro assays of cell adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis have been done.The functionally essential sGC β1-subunit was down-regulated in patients with COPD and in CS-exposed mice. sGC stimulators prevented the development of PH and emphysema in the two different CS-exposed animal models. sGC stimulation prevented peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis of alveolar and endothelial cells, reduced CS-induced inflammatory cell infiltrate in lung parenchyma, and inhibited adhesion of CS-stimulated neutrophils.The sGC-cGMP axis is perturbed by chronic exposure to CS. Treatment of COPD animal models with sGC stimulators can prevent CS-induced PH and emphysema.
Health and physical fitness
Authors: P. N. Sperryn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

lactate oxidation and/or gluconeogenesis from lactate to a greater extent than the musculature involved during Cy exercise.All of these factors could directly affect the rate of lactate clearance from muscle tissue and blood.In conclusion, the steady state V02 at OBLA was signifi- cantly higher during Tr than during Cy exercise.This difference was greater than could be accounted for by the difference between exercise modes in peak V02.Consequently, OBLA occurred at a higher % peak °02 during Tr running than during Cy exercise.There are indications that this difference may be due, at least partially, to differences in the metabolic profile of the exercising musculature, as reflected by the ratio of key oxidative to glycolytic enzyme activities, in addition to the established differences in certain cardiovascular variables associated with Tr and Cy exercise.
Cardiac Emergencies and Related Disorders: Their Mechanism, Recognition and Management
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1961)

According to the author, this monograph is a synthesis of the medical thinking at the Brigham Hospital on left ventricular failure, shock and hypotension, chest pain and coronary emergencies, pulmonary infarction and cor pulmonale, refractory congestive failure, electrolyte disturbances, digitalis intoxication, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, Adams-Stokes disease, syncope, cardiac arrest and resuscitation, and miscellaneous emergencies. It covers more than the emergencies, however. It is written primarily for the internist, general practitioner, and medical intern. The monograph is weak in its description of the surgical aspects of cardiac emergencies. There is, for example, no reference to a fundamentally different concept which concerns generalized and localized anoxia in the heart. The author states that "a respectable proportion of Demerol addiction has its roots in the soil of refractory coronary insufficiency." It is scarcely believable that a scientist would prefer meperidine addiction to surgical operation.
CEREBRAL PROTECTION DURING CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY
Authors: Jesse E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Carotid endarterectomy has assumed an increasingly important role in the definitive management of patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency syndromes whose lesions are located in the extracranial vasculature. With proper selection of cases and careful attention to details of intraoperative management, endarterectomy can be performed with low morbidity and with operative mortality approaching 1%. Since no unnecessary risks should be taken in these patients, especially those with transient cerebral ischemic attacks and asymptomatic carotid bruits, some method of monitoring the adequacy of cerebral blood flow or a reliable means of cerebral protection during endarterectomy must be employed if strokes are to be prevented and aggravation of neurological deficits is to be avoided. Elsewhere in this issue (p 1023) White and associates report on the anesthetic management for carotid artery surgery. Their regimen includes hypercapnia, general anesthesia with halothane, spontaneous respiration, maintenance of each patient's normal blood pressure using phenylephrine if necessary, and
Abstract P5-18-09: A Phase I Study of MM-302, a HER2-targeted Liposomal Doxorubicin, in Patients with Advanced, HER2- Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: T Wickham, K Futch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Anthracyclines have been an effective backbone of breast cancer therapies for decades. However, cardiotoxicity issues associated with free anthracyclines have limited their effective use. While liposomal doxorubicin formulations have succeeded in reducing cardiotoxicity, they have failed to demonstrate clear-cut efficacy advantages. To address these safety and efficacy limitations, we have designed a pegylated liposomal doxorubicin formulation, MM-302, with anti-HER2 antibody fragments coupled to its surface. MM-302 specifically targets tumor cells overexpressing HER2 with minimal uptake into normal cells such as cardiomyocytes which express low levels of HER2. This first-in-human Phase 1 study evaluates the safety of MM-302 in patients with HER2+ advanced breast cancer (ABC). Methods: Patients aged &amp;gt; 18 years with histologically confirmed HER2+ advanced breast cancer that have progressed or recurred on standard therapy or for which no standard therapy exists who have adequate performance status, bone marrow reserve, and organ function, were eligible for the study. A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design is used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) followed by expansion arms to evaluate activity. The primary endpoint is determination of the MTD. Secondary endpoints included determination of dose-limiting toxicity, adverse event(s), and pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity profiles of MM-302, as well as overall response and clinical benefit rates of MM-302. MM-302 is administered intravenously weekly in 4-week cycles. Results: We report current findings containing data from four cohorts (8, 16, 30 and 40 mg/m2 Q4W). 14 patients have been enrolled in these cohorts; median age 55 (range 34–65), median cycles 2 (range 1–6). The most frequent AEs were constipation (53.8%), Fatigue (69.2%) and decreased appetite (46.2%). Five patients have achieved SD and one patient has achieved a PR. A pharmacokinetic analysis indicates a half-life of approximately 50 hours. Conclusions: To date, results suggest that single agent MM-302 administered to patients with ABC is tolerable, without cardiotoxicity, in patients up to 40 mg/m2 Q4W. Updated data on additional dosing cohorts and expansion arms will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-09.
Formulation of a geldanamycin prodrug in mPEG-b-PCL micelles greatly enhances tolerability and pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: May P. Xiong, Jaime A. Yáñez, Connie M. Remsberg, Yusuke Ohgami, Glen S. Kwon, Neal M. Davies, M. Laird Forrest
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)