tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polycythemia: Erythrocytosis and Erythremia
Authors: WILLIAM N. VALENTINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A classification of polycythemia and three cases of demonstrating increased red cell mass are presented. Polycythemia may be relative or absolute, secondary to underlying disease, or an idiopathic dyscrasia of hematopoiesis. Accurate measurement of blood, red cell, and plasma volumes are essential to differentiate relative and absolute polycythemia. Dilution techniques may be misleading, due to escape of label from vascular spaces or differences between whole-body and venous hematocrits. Red-cell labeling offers a more precise method to differentiate between relative and absolute polycythemia but is not helpful in distinguishing primary from secondary causes. Hypoxia-sensitive receptors may mediate erythropoietin production where relative tissue anoxia exists for any reason. Certain tumors (benign and malignant), chemical agents, and physical factors also stimulate an increase in red cell mass, often through increasing elevation of erythropoietin. Erythropoietin levels (bioassay) are usually not demonstrably elevated in polycythemic states, since erythropoietin is constantly utilized in erythropoiesis. High levels are often seen with marrow aplasia and may be demonstrable in cyst fluid of erythropoietin-producing tumors. In addition to existing erythropoietin assay procedures, methods for determining turnover are badly needed. Biochemical, electrophoretic, molecular weight, and antibody neutralization studies suggest the similarity or sameness of tumor-produced and naturally occurring erythropoietin. Polycythemia rubra vera erythremia occurs more commonly in Caucasians and especially among Jewish peoples of Eastern European origin. Frequent symptoms are fatigue, dizziness, headache, and pruritus. Patients often seek care with symptoms related to peptic ulcer, varicose veins, gouty arthritis, and thrombotic episodes. Physical findings include plethora, splenomegaly, and, in 25% of cases, hepatomegaly as well as those associated with the complications. Elevation of packed cell volume, white cell and platelet counts, as well as elevated red cell mass are usual in erythremia. Proper hematologic control, with lessening of symptoms and complications, depends upon on-going evaluation as well as on phlebotomy and myelosuppression, as indicated. Controversy still exists as to optimal mode of myelosuppression.
Factor VII deficiency associated with nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: O Epstein, G Bevan, N Siddiqui, S Ardeman
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Results of haematological investigationsPatient Father Mother Haemoglobin (g/dl).46 14 0 13-0 Packed cell volume.0-17 0 42 0-38 Reticulocytes (¾,) .60 1-2 1-5 Plasma haemoglobin (°,,) 40-0 15-0 17-0 Fetal haemoglobin (%°O) 8-0 < 1-0 <1-0 Sickling test .Positive Positive Positive Solubility test ..Positive Not done Not done Haemoglobin electrophoresis .. SA, ASA, ASA, Haemoglobin-S quantification (°).89 26 29 GPD (mmol TPNH/h/g Hb) .. 231 601 527 PGD (mmol TPNH/h/g Hb) .. 724 362 329 GDP = Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.PGD = Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.TPNH = Dihydronicotinamide adenine
Rosiglitazone and Liver Failure
Authors: Lisa M. Forman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters5 September 2000Rosiglitazone and Liver FailureLisa M. Forman, MD and Robert H. Diamond, MDLisa M. Forman, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Forman, Diamond)Search for more papers by this author and Robert H. Diamond, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Forman, Diamond)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Isley and Oki's comments. The writers point out that our patient's liver dysfunction may be related to hypotension. A similar point was made by Freid and colleagues from SmithKline Beecham in a letter appearing in the same issue as our report (1). The SmithKline Beecham group describes the patient's hypotension and requirement of intensive support in detail. However, it is important to note that the patient's profound liver function abnormalities were documented as being present before the hypotension developed. At the time initial blood studies were obtained, the patient was normotensive and had no physical examination ...Reference1. Freid J, Everitt D, Boscia J. Rosiglitazone and hepatic failure [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:164. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lisa M. Forman, MD; Robert H. Diamond, MDAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104 (Forman, Diamond) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHepatic Failure in a Patient Taking Rosiglitazone Lisa M. Forman , David A. Simmons , and Robert H. Diamond Hepatocellular Injury in a Patient Receiving Rosiglitazone: A Case Report Jameela Al-Salman , Heider Arjomand , David G. Kemp , and Manoj Mittal Rosiglitazone and Hepatic Failure Jeffrey Freid , Daniel Everitt , and Jerome Boscia Rosiglitazone and Liver Failure William L. Isley and Julie C. Oki Metrics Cited byPharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 5 September 2000Volume 133, Issue 5Page: 393-394KeywordsCardiovascular therapyDrugsElderlyHeart failureHypotensionLiverLiver diseasesLongitudinal studiesTherapeutic drug monitoringThorax ePublished: 5 September 2000 Issue Published: 5 September 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hormones and Calcium for Bone Loss
Authors: MARK L. STILPHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Hormones and Calcium for Bone LossMARK L. STILPHEN, M.D.MARK L. STILPHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-149_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Recker, Saville, and Heaney (Ann Intern Med 87:649-656, 1977), "Effects of Estrogens and Calcium Carbonate on Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women," bases its findings on results of radiogammetry and photon absorptiometry. Whereas the results of radiogammetry clearly support the author's conclusions, I find the results of the photon absorptiometry, although reported in a similar light, less supportive of their conclusions.The problem comes in examining Table 5. Because this table shows that one cannot statistically differentiate between the three groups (the two treatment and the control), one cannot allow the conclusion that treatment benefited... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles San Fernando Valley Medical Program Sepulveda, CA 91343 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1Page: 149-149KeywordsBone resorptionCalciumCarbonatesEstrogensHormonesPhoton absorptiometry Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Salvage of a near-Transmetacarpal Amputation of the Hand
Authors: Stephen W. Meagher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SEVERAL important facts regarding the management of severe hand injuries are underscored by the following case.Case ReportJ.B., a 40-year-old cabinetmaker, was admitted to the Boston City Hospital on July 9, 1958, 10 minutes after sustaining an injury to the left hand on a shaping machine at work.Examination revealed a near-transmetacarpal amputation of the distal portion of a hand that remained attached to the proximal portion by a dorsal pedicle (Fig. 1 and 2). The wound was located at the level of the proximal palmar crease as illustrated in the accompanying drawing of the left hand.In the operating . . .
Cardiac Rate and Rhythm in Mice Affected by Haloalkane Propellants
Authors: John L. Egle
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Haloalkane gases, used as aerosol propellants, have been reported to cause death presumably by means of cardiotoxic reaction. The influence of these agents on cardiac activity and cardiac responses to asphyxia were studied in anesthetized mice. The animals were exposed to either nitrogen, propellant, propellant plus isoproterenol, or propellant plus albuterol, and then asphyxiated for two minutes. Exposure to propellant propellant plus isoproterenol, or propellant plus albuterol did not shorten the onset time nor increase the severity of the asphyxia-induced bradycardia. The frequency of 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block was not significantly altered by exposure to the propellant or propellant mixtures. Exposure to nitrogen hastened the development of bradycardia and increased the number of 2:1 AV events during asphyxia. These results suggest that inhalation of haloalkane propellants does not sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmias induced by asphyxia.
Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality (Cancer Surveys 19/20)
Authors: H A Valkenburg
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed R Doll, J F Fraumeni, C S Muir Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, pp 583 ISBN 0 87969 391 6

Temporal changes in the occurrence of disease may provide important clues to the pathogenesis of chronic conditions such as cancer. Geographical and ethnic variation in trends can further elucidate the role of putative risk factors. International mortality data from the World Health Organisation have long been used for studying the global variations of disease, but the interpretation of trends in mortality is confounded by the introduction of effective …
Scanning electronmicroscopic morphometry of emphysema in humans.
Authors: A Nagai, H Inano, K Matsuba, W M Thurlbeck
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We quantitated the holes in alveolar walls in 11 nonemphysematous lungs and in 11 lungs with mild emphysema, all of which were removed at surgery. We found that in the nonemphysematous lungs, 94.1% of the holes were smaller than 10 microns in diameter and only 0.2% were larger than 20 microns. In the lung parenchyma distant from emphysema, both the maximum diameter of the holes and the diameter of alveoli increased. In the parenchyma between emphysema, the areas of alveolar walls represented by holes also increased, as did the average hole area and number of holes per alveolus. We found that alveolar holes in the regions between emphysema correlated better with pulmonary function tests than did those in regions distant from emphysema. The maximum diameter of holes and the number of holes per alveolus correlated with functional residual capacity, residual volume, closing capacity expressed as a proportion of total lung capacity (CC/TLC), and static recoil pressure of the lung at TLC. Emphysema correlated with CC/TLC and with the transpulmonary pressure at 90% TLC. Bronchiolar lesions were not related to pulmonary function tests. Our data provide support for the hypothesis that the tissue surrounding emphysematous lesions contributes to loss of recoil.
Can inhaled steroids mend a broken heart in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: D. D. Sin, S. F. P. Man
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

This study examines the competence-related abilities of 120 psychiatrically hospitalized male juveniles age 10 to 17 years, using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Criminal Adjudication (MacCAT-CA), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored (BPRS-A), the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (MAYSI), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), and discharge diagnoses derived from file review. The findings indicate significant age-related differences across adolescence with a relatively strong performance for most of the youths on the competence measure. While intellectual and psychiatric factors were found to contribute substantially to deficits in legal decisional ability, they were modulated by age and the developmental factors associated with it. These findings, replete with caveats concerning both the dimensional structure of competence as measured by the MacCAT-CA and the interplay with the mental status and developmental factors affecting it, underscore the multifarious nature of legal decisional capacity in youths of varying ages. The relevance of these findings to the structuring of restoration services and the application of legal theory to the competence standard in juvenile court are discussed.
Reduced therapeutic activity of warfarin during treatment with oral isotretinoin
Authors: P. Fiallo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Reduced therapeutic activity of warfarin during treatment with oral isotretinoin Get access P. Fiallo P. Fiallo Department of Health Sciences, Section of Social Dermatology, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 7, I‐16132 Genoa, Italy E‐mail: paolo.fiallo@hsanmartino.liguria.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Page 164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05737.x Published: 01 January 2004
Epidemiology of preterm birth: Authors' reply
Authors: Janet Tucker, William McGuire
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs Cause or association?Editor-The study by Willis et al, testing whether dogs can detect signs of bladder cancer in urine, may be the occasion for an amusing cover for the BMJ but this should not be an excuse for relaxing intellectual rigor when assessing the experiment. 1 Neither the authors nor the commentator point out that the study design is unable to distinguish cause from association-a basic logical error.The dogs may be detecting "tumour related volatile compounds" or they may be detecting a substance in the urine that is associated with an increased risk of cancer.The most obvious candidate would be from cigarette smoking, which would be rather unoriginal, but it could also be other as yet unidentified substances.Furthermore, while the dogs may only be 41% accurate at detecting urine from people already diagnosed with cancer, the results would also be consistent with a higher accuracy for detecting patients at risk of cancer.The authors should follow up their interesting preliminary study rigorously and the BMJ should stick to the Christmas edition for letting down its usual standards of review.
Life and Death in the US Army
Authors: Joseph M. Rothberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Using standardized mortality ratios, this study compares the sex- and race-specific, age-adjusted death rates for all US Army soldiers with those for the entire US population. Results show that soldiers are currently dying at a rate that is only half that of their civilian counterparts. The most striking difference in death rates by cause is a markedly lower homicide death rate for Army black men; homicides among the civilian black male population are 12 times more frequent than in the Army. Some factors that might account for these lower mortality rates in the Army are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2241-2244)
Observations ON WAR SURGERY OF THE CHEST
Authors: A. L. Lockwood, J. A. Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1918)

IN nio otlher bralnch of war surgery is the technique of the operation more exacting, altlhough the manipulations themselves do not require any exceptional dexterity.A separate tlleatre is reserved for chest and abdominal operations and a uniform temperature of 800 is maintained.
MacBryde's Signs and Symptoms: Applied Pathologic Physiology and Clinical Interpretation
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This large, handsome book with a kelly green cover makes an excellent first impression. Dr Blacklow, the editor of the sixth edition, was coeditor with the late Cyril Mitchell Mac-Bryde of the fifth edition (1970). Dr Blacklow's name was not listed among the credits in the fourth edition (1960). There are 50 contributors to this textbook, roughly 20 of whom contributed to the previous (fifth) edition and a few to the fourth edition. The table of contents lists 40 sections, with headings such as "Growth and Sex Development"; "Sore Tongue and Sore Mouth"; "Problems of Communication: Speech and Hearing, Ear Pain"; "Constipation and Diarrhea"; and "Hematemesis and Melena." Some of these sections are excellent. I was especially impressed with those dealing with jaundice, constipation and diarrhea, fever, and pathologic bleeding. Most of the remaining sections are adequate. Unfortunately, several of the sections should not be published in a textbook of
Lenalidomide-mediated enhanced translation of C/EBPα-p30 protein up-regulates expression of the antileukemic microRNA-181a in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Christopher J. Hickey, Sebastian Schwind, Hanna S. Radomska, Adrienne M. Dorrance, Ramasamy Santhanam, Anjali Mishra, Yue-Zhong Wu, Houda Alachkar, Kati Maharry, Deedra Nicolet, Krzysztof Mrózek, Alison Walker, Anna M. Eiring, Susan P. Whitman, Heiko Becker, Danilo Perrotti, Lai-Chu Wu, Xi Zhao, Todd A. Fehniger, Ravi Vij, John C. Byrd, William Blum, L. James Lee, Michael A. Caligiuri, Clara D. Bloomfield, Ramiro Garzon, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Blood (2012)
Book Review Brain Cancer (American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology.) Edited by Michael Prados. 434 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. Hamilton, Ont., Canada, BC Decker, 2002. $199. 1-55009-098-4
Authors: Thomas A. Gennarelli, Wade M. Mueller, Hendrikus G. Krouwer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
Persistent Colonization by <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Timothy F. Murphy, Aimee L. Brauer, Andrew T. Schiffmacher, Sanjay Sethi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonizes the respiratory tract of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes intermittent exacerbations. Isolates of H. influenzae collected monthly in a prospective study were subjected to molecular typing. During a 7-year study spanning 345 patient-months of observation, 122 episodes of negative cultures lasting 1 month or more, and that were preceded and followed by isolation of an apparently identical strain of H. influenzae, were found. Seventeen such episodes of negative cultures, lasting 6 months or more and spanning 203 patient-months, were studied in detail to test the hypothesis that these periods of negative cultures represented continuous colonization by the same strain of H. influenzae. Molecular typing by three independent methods established that the strains preceding and following the episodes of negative cultures were indeed identical. Strain-specific H. influenzae DNA was detected in some of the sputum samples that had yielded negative cultures. These results indicate that some patients with COPD are persistently colonized with H. influenzae and that sputum cultures underestimate the frequency of colonization of the respiratory tract by H. influenzae in COPD. This observation has a significant impact on understanding bacterial colonization in COPD.
Decreased Expression of Early Growth Response-1 and Its Role in Uterine Leiomyoma Growth
Authors: Makio Shozu, Kouichi Murakami, Tomoya Segawa, Tadayuki Kasai, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Kazunori Shinohara, Masahiko Okada, Masaki Inoue
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Expression of early growth response (Egr)-1, a transcriptional factor implicated in growth regulation, is suppressed in several malignant tumors. The present study investigated the expression of Egr-1 and related genes in uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium to determine possible contributions of Egr-1 to neoplastic growth in leiomyoma cells. Levels of Egr-1 transcripts were decreased in all leiomyomas (n = 20) to approximately 10% of levels in corresponding myometrium, where basal expression was high. Preoperative leuprorelin acetate therapy increased levels of Egr-1 mRNA in normal myometrium only. Northern blot analysis using additional sample sets (n = 5) revealed the full-length Egr-1 transcript. Western blot analysis (n = 5) confirmed decreased expression of Egr-1 protein. Southern blot analysis of the Egr-1 gene and microsatellite analysis of the chromosomal location at 5q31 (D5S414, D5S500, and D5S476) revealed neither DNA recombination nor loss of heterozygosity in leiomyomas. Moreover, Egr-1 retained identical responsiveness to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in primary cultures derived from both leiomyoma and normal tissues. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis revealed that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced Egr-1 in leiomyoma cells retained DNA binding ability. Egr-1 thus appears functionally intact in leiomyoma cells. Finally, consistent with the role of Egr-1 in growth inhibition, transfection of Egr-1 expression vector into a myometrial cell line (KW) that expresses low levels of Egr-1 and displays rapid growth inhibited thymidine uptake in these cells. Egr-1 may display tumor-suppressing activity and offers a potential target for leiomyoma management.
Osler and Continuing Education
Authors: R. H. ROZENDAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 December 1970Osler and Continuing EducationR. H. ROZENDALR. H. ROZENDALSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-6-1042_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have just finished reading Dr. Gibson's review of McGovern and Roland'sWm. Osler: The Continuing Educationand would like to contribute my impressions of Osler as held by one fairly recent (1966) medical school graduate. I have not seen this book yet, but I have read and am readingAequanamitas, a book given to me by another physician just before I began medical school. It had been given to him by a pharmaceutical company on his graduation and was a gift of far greater value than the stethoscopes and medical bags that this same company gave... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: LCDR (MC) USN Subase Dispensary, Pearl Harbor c/o FPO, San Francisco, Calif. 96610 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1970Volume 73, Issue 6Page: 1042-1042KeywordsContinuing medical educationGraduate medical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...