tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laboratory diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis in the European Union/European Economic Area: analysis of routine laboratory data, 2007 to 2011
Authors: A Sanchini, L Fiebig, F Drobniewski, W Haas, E Richter, V Katalinic-Jankovic, E Pimkina, G Skenders, D M Cirillo, Y Balabanova
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Laboratory confirmation of paediatric tuberculosis (TB) is frequently lacking. We reviewed the range of routine laboratory tests and their performance in different biological samples used to diagnose active TB in children. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the European Reference Laboratory Network for TB followed by collection of routine laboratory data on 10,549 paediatric samples tested in 2007 to 2011 at six reference laboratories (in Croatia, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania and the United Kingdom (UK)). The questionnaire showed that all laboratories used rapid assays. Non-respiratory samples were collected more often in Germany (135/275, 49.1%) and the UK (490/2,140, 22.9%) compared with Croatia (138/2,792, 4.9%), Latvia (222/2,401, 9.2%) and Lithuania (76/1,549, 4.9%). Overall laboratory positivity rates (isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and/or identification of its nucleic acids in a sample) were higher in lymph node and gastric aspirate samples (14/203 (6.9%) and 43/1,231 (3.5%)) than in sputum samples (89/4,684 (1.9%)). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of molecular assays assessed against solid or liquid culture were 79.2%, 93.6%, 67.1%, 96.5% and 91.6%, respectively. A more intensive approach in obtaining gastric aspirate and non-respiratory samples may increase laboratory confirmation of paediatric TB. Major effort is needed in optimisation and validation of molecular tests in these samples.
Plasma Renin Concentration in Human Hypertension. IV: Renin in Relation to Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: J. J. Brown, D. L. Davies, A. F. Lever, J. I. S. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

In previous papers we have seen that in clinical hypertension plasma renin concentration is inversely related to plasma sodium, and we have discussed this association from the aspects of aetiology and complications (Brown et al., 1965a, 1965b, 1965c, 1966a). The present paper is concerned with renin in relation to treatment and prognosis. As we shall show, treat ment apparently causes changes in renin mainly when altera tions in sodium balance are involved. The clinical material studied and the methods used are as given previously (Brown et al., 1965b, 1965c, 1966a). The rela tionship between plasma renin concentration and other com ponents of the renin-angiotensin system, such as substrate con centration, angiotensin concentration, and  renin activity, was also discussed in these earlier papers, and will not be considered further here.
Psychological aspects of lower urinary tract infections in women.
Authors: A. F. Mellon, M. G. Coulthard, J. Shaw, J. Millar
Journal: BMJ (1992)

resulting in inadequate monitoring of 21 patients.We have found that a mirrored counting chamber authors state that the difference in the means Secondly, urine output was not monitored in costing under £50 (Hawksley and Sons, Lancing, yielded a tstatistic of 1-998, which is significant. 34patients.Sussex) gives good definition and allows bacteria to Calculation of this statistic from their presented Thirdly, shocked patients (blood pressure be recognised easily even with a cheap light means and standard deviations, however, results in <100 mm Hg, postural drop in blood pressure, microscope.Phase contrast microscopy gives t= 1 8, which is not significant.thirst, tachycardia) were identified but not always optimum definition, and a relatively inexpensiveThe authors have assumed that patients pre- monitored as closely as they should have been.Of model is now available -namely, the updated senting with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract the eight shocked patients, four did not have a McArthur microscope (K W Kirk and Sons, who do not have a urinary tract infection have the urinary catheter, six received colloid in the first Milton, Cambridge), which has been around urethral syndrome.This is obviously incorrect as hour, and five received blood in the first four as a light microscope since 1974.This has the they have ignored the possibility of various other
Piperazine in the Treatment of Threadworms in Children
Authors: R. H. R. White, O. D. Standen
Journal: BMJ (1953)

ADRENAL HORMONE IN ASCITIC FLUIDEDIBALRNAL 755 authentic corticosterone was available for comparison.Corticosterone, however, is reported to have only a slight eosinopenic effect, which would not contribute appreciably to the biological activity detected in these ascitic fluid extracts.It may be concluded, therefore, that almost all of the biological activity observed is due to the content of 17- hydroxycorticosterone, and that this varies in different sam- ples of ascitic fluid from zero to about 5 jug.per 100 ml.Cortisone itself does not contribute to the biological activitv in significant degree.It is, of course, clear that one cannot assume that the hormone content of ascitic fluid is necessarily the same as that of circulating blood.Ascitic fluid may, however, be regarded as representing a form of extracellular fluid.Its hormone content may be indicative of the adrenal hormone content of extracellular fluid in general, a content which must be of more direct importance to living cells than is the hormone content of the blood.Our inability to demonstrate any hormonal activity in the two samples from patient Fr raises the possibility that conditions may sometimes exist in which adrenal cortical hormone diffuses with difficulty from the blood into the extracellular fluid.Such a state could account for the fact that rheumatoid arthritic tissues and joints respond promptly to cortisone or 17- hydroxycorticosterone therapy, although all the evidence suggests that adrenal cortical function is normal in this disease.While this suggestion is purely speculative at the present time, further investigation of the hormonal content of human ascitic fluid should prove of considerable interest, in so far as it is representative of an extracellular fluid. SummaryThe adrenal cortical hormone content of human ascitic fluid has been measured biologically, using the power of such hormones to lower the level of circulating eosinophil cells in adrenalectomized mice.Of ten samples of ascitic fluid tested, five showed activity equivalent to between 3 and 5 jug. of cortisone per 100 ml.In two samples from one patient no activity at all could be detected.In the remaining three activity was equivocal and less than 1.5 jttg.per 100 ml. 17-hydroxycorticosterone (compound F) was detected by chromatographic analysis in all four samples in which it was sought, but cortisone was found only as a faint trace in a single extract.The biological activity is appar- ently due almost entirely to the 17-hydroxycorticosterone, only a negligible part being due to cortisone.
Abstract 2630: Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Altered Atrial Ca2+ Signaling in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Niels Voigt, Andrew W Trafford, Ursula Ravens, Dobromir Dobrev
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background:  Chronic atrial fibrillation (cAF) is associated with abnormal atrial Ca 2+  signalling, causing remodeling, contractile dysfunction and triggered activity. The poorly understood molecular basis of impaired atrial Ca 2+  signaling in cAF was the object of this study.   Methods:  Membrane currents (whole-cell voltage clamp) and [Ca 2+ ] i  (Fluo-3) were measured in right atrial myocytes from sinus rhythm (Ctl) and cAF patients. Protein expression was quantified by immunoblotting.   Results:  In cAF L-type Ca 2+  current density and [Ca 2+ ] i  transient amplitude were 43% and 46% lower than in Ctl, whereas diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i  was unchanged (Figure). Despite reduced protein expression of Serca2a, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+  content calculated by integrating Na +  -Ca 2+  exchange current (I NCX ) during caffeine-induced Ca 2+  release was preserved in cAF, likely because of attenuated Serca2a inhibition by hyperphoshorylated phospholamban. The phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor channels at Ser2809 was 140% higher in cAF compared to Ctl, without protein changes in the major SR Ca 2+  buffer calsequestrin. The decay of the caffeine-evoked Ca 2+  transient is attributable to Ca 2+  transport by NCX and was 100% faster in cAF, consistent with the greater I NCX  amplitude in cAF. In addition, a given Ca 2+  release produced larger INCX current, possibly as a result of NCX protein upregulation.   Conclusions:  We conclude that reduced SR Ca 2+  release and enhanced NCX activity both contribute to atrial hypocontractility in cAF. The generation of a larger depolarising I NCX  for a given SR Ca 2+  release may cause delayed afterdepolarisations and triggered activity, contributing to AF maintenance.
Review: 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography accurately diagnoses coronary artery disease
Authors: Michael S. Lauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2008Review: 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography accurately diagnoses coronary artery diseaseMichael S. Lauer, MDMichael S. Lauer, MDNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.S.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationStein PD, Yaekoub AY, Matta F, Sostman HD. 64-slice CT for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2008;121:715-25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18691486Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Cardiology: Reference1 Lord SJ, Irwig L, Simes RJ. When is measuring sensitivity and specificity sufficient to evaluate a diagnostic test, and when do we need randomized trials? Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:850-5. [PMID: 16754927] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael S. Lauer, MDAffiliations: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.S.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: JC4-13KeywordsAngiographyComputed axial tomographyCoronary arteriesRandomized trialsSpecificityStable coronary artery diseaseStenosisStent implantationSystematic reviewsUltrasound imaging ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Host Factors Related to Poor Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Harold S. Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been recognized as a significant hazard for persons with occupational exposure to blood or body fluids, and vaccination of these individuals has been recommended by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee of the US Public Health Service.<sup>1</sup>Following licensure of hepatitis B vaccine in late 1981, programs to vaccinate health care workers were found primarily in larger hospitals, and the highest vaccination rates were in those hospitals that paid for this cost-effective prevention measure.<sup>2</sup>However, in 1985 it was estimated that fewer than 25% of health care workers had been vaccinated.<sup>2</sup>In 1991, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued regulations to ensure protection of workers from the hazards of infection with bloodborne pathogens, which included requiring employers to provide hepatitis B vaccination.<sup>3</sup>Because the proposed requirements were widely announced as part of the rule-making process of the Department
Notes from a Pregnancy Diagnosis Laboratory (1935)
Authors: F. A. E. Crew
Journal: BMJ (1936)

During 1935 6,031 pregnancy diagnosis tests were under- taken in this laboratory.Of these 3,014 belonged to the.local authority, insured, or hospital categories, the remain- ing 3,017 being " private " cases.The tests were distributed as follows: Number of Confirma-Errors Tests tions reported
ANTEPOSITION AND RETROPOSITION OF THE UTERUS: INCIDENCE AND SYMPTOMS
Authors: LEDA J. STACY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

able features of the bromids eliminated.If Dr. Grinker will add to the use of phénobarbital the removal of the causes of epilepsy, which produce the syndrome, or whatever they wish to call it, I think he will then cover the field of treat¬ ment quite well.Dr. A. L
<scp>l</scp>-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Prevents Endotoxin-induced Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: BETTY Y. POON, CHRISTOPHER M. GODDARD, CYNTHIA D. LEAF, JAMES A. RUSSELL, KEITH R. WALLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We tested the hypothesis that treatment with the glutathione repleting agent, l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), could prevent endotoxin-induced ventricular dysfunction. Rabbits were treated with OTZ 2.4 g/kg (10% solution subcutaneously), or an equal volume and osmolality of saline, 24 h prior to, and again (intravenously) just prior to, infusion of 1 mg/kg E. coli endotoxin (or vehicle control). Ventricular contractility was measured in isolated hearts perfused by support rabbits. Contractility did not change in control groups (Saline/Control [n = 7] or OTZ/Control [n = 7]) over 6 h. However, Emax decreased in the Saline/Endotoxin group ( − 16.1 ± 4.5% from baseline, n = 7, p < 0.05) and this was prevented by pretreatment with OTZ in the OTZ/ Endotoxin group ( + 6.3 ± 4.1%, n = 7, p < 0.05 by analysis of variance). To better understand the mechanism of this effect we measured myocardial glutathione concentration and found it to be greater in OTZ/Endotoxin animals (104 ± 4 ng/g) than in the Saline/Endotoxin animals (80 ± 3 ng/g, p < 0.05). OTZ did not appreciably alter the endotoxin-induced increase in serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or the endotoxin-induced increase in myocardial leukocyte content. We conclude that oxygen radicals contribute to the early decrease in left ventricular contractility after endotoxin infusion and this decrease may be prevented by OTZ.
A patient with simultaneous absence of “classical” natural killer cells (CD3−, CD16+, and NKH1+) and expansion of CD3+, CD4−, CD8−, NKH1+ subset
Authors: Zuhair K. Ballas, James M. Turner, Deborah A. Turner, Elizabeth A. Goetzman, John D. Kemp
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Uncertain etiologies of proteinuric-chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka
Authors: Nimmi T.C. Athuraliya, Tilak D.J. Abeysekera, Priyanie H. Amerasinghe, Ranjit Kumarasiri, Palitha Bandara, Upul Karunaratne, Abul H. Milton, Alison L. Jones
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Loss of MLL PHD Finger 3 Is Necessary for MLL-ENL–Induced Hematopoietic Stem Cell Immortalization
Authors: Jing Chen, Donna A. Santillan, Mark Koonce, Wei Wei, Roger Luo, Michael J. Thirman, Nancy J. Zeleznik-Le, Manuel O. Diaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Reciprocal chromosomal translocations at the MLL gene locus result in expression of novel fusion proteins, such as MLL-ENL, associated with leukemia. The three PHD finger cassette, one of the highly conserved domains in MLL, is absent in all fusion proteins. This domain has been shown to interact with Cyp33, a cyclophilin which enhances the recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDAC) to the MLL repression domain and mediates HOX gene repression. Insertion of the third PHD finger of MLL into MLL-ENL allows the recruitment of Cyp33 and, subsequently, HDAC1 to the fusion protein. Furthermore, expression of the fusion protein with the PHD finger insertion mediates the down-regulation of the HOXC8 gene expression in a Cyp33-dependent manner. Finally, the addition of the PHD finger domain or the third PHD finger alone into MLL-ENL blocks the hematopoietic stem cell immortalization potential of the fusion protein in serial plating colony assays. Insertion of only the first and second PHD fingers has no such effect. These data support the hypothesis that the binding of Cyp33 to the MLL third PHD finger switches the MLL function from transactivation to repression. In the immortalizing MLL fusion protein, the loss of the PHD fingers, in combination with the gain of the activation domain of ENL or of other partner proteins, makes the fusion protein a constitutive transactivator. This leads to constitutive overexpression of MLL target genes that block stem cell commitment and promote stem cell renewal, probably the first step in MLL-related leukemogenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6199–207]
Biracial study of arterial pressures in the first and second decades of life.
Authors: O O Akinkugbe, F M Akinkugbe, O Ayeni, H Solomon, K French, R Minear
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The blood pressures of young Black and White American schoolchildren were measured and compared with those of Nigerian children of similar ages. Both diastolic and systolic pressures were consistently higher in the Nigerian children than in the Americans, both Black and White. The White children had the lowest pressures at each age. The mean weights and heights at each age were not significantly different in the three groups. Although the blood pressure of African children was higher than that of Black Americans, mean adult pressures are known to be similar in both groups. This suggests that the difference in childhood pressures must be due more to environmental factors than to genetic ones.
Seven-Year Survival after Radiation Therapy in a Patient with Inoperable Cancer of the Lung
Authors: Harry W. Burnett, Israel Steinberg, Charles T. Dotter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

ALTHOUGH it has repeatedly been stated that surgical excision offers the only hope for the patient with cancer of the lung, well documented case reports1 2 3 4 5 have established the fact that radiation therapy can control such tumors. It is conceded that a resectable lesion can best be treated by extirpation, but the cases that are beyond the limits of surgical cure are also to be taken into account. The following case report illustrates the value of radiation therapy in nonresectable cancer of the lung.Case ReportA 42-year-old man (NYH 212160) was admitted to the hospital on May 3, 1945. He . . .
Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, vols 1-4
Authors: J. Schwappach
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tropical Splenomegaly Syndrome in Zambia: Further Observations and Effects of Cycloguanil and Proguanil
Authors: M. N. Lowenthal, E. C. O'Riordan, M. S. R. Hutt
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Nineteen Zambian patients with the tropical splenomegaly syndrome and sinusoidal lymphocytosis on liver biopsy were studied. The association of macrobulinaemia with the tropical splenomegaly syndrome has again been confirmed. Sixteen patients were treated with antimalarials-12 with cycloguanil pamoate alone, 3 with cycloguanil and proguanil, and 1 with proguanil alone. Twelve patients were observed for periods of sufficient length for the drug effect to be assessed, and in 11 there was a good response in terms of decrease in spleen size.Cycloguanil pamoate may be of value both for prophylaxis and treatment in areas where tropical splenomegaly syndrome is endemic.
Eruptive vellus hair cysts with sebaceous glands
Authors: T. NOGITA, H.-I. CHI, H. NAKAGAWA, Y. ISHIBASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Summary A patient is described who had eruptive vellus hair cysts with and without sebaceous glands in the cyst walls. An association is suggested between eruptive vellus hair cysts and the condition of steatocystoma multiplex.
Transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking is involved in the stabilization of extracellular matrix in human liver fibrosis
Authors: Pascale Grenard, Solange Bresson-Hadni, Saı̈d El Alaoui, Michèle Chevallier, Dominique A. Vuitton, Sylvie Ricard-Blum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
New models of healthcare will replace nearly three quarters of NHS by 2024, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS is in “a crisis of inaction” where the need for change is recognised but is judged too difficult to achieve, a new report for the think tank Reform has claimed.1 It said that false loyalty to existing models of healthcare delivery, high fixed costs of labour and real estate, and resistance to new entrants all worked against the changes that were needed and that had already revolutionised other industries.

The report—written by the former Labour health adviser Paul Corrigan and Mike Parish, chief executive of the …