tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
No Association between Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Yu Chen, Habibul Ahsan, Vesna Slavkovich, Gretchen Loeffler Peltier, Rebecca T. Gluskin, Faruque Parvez, Xinhua Liu, Joseph H. Graziano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The long-term effects of arsenic exposure from drinking water at levels < 300 microg/L and the risk of diabetes mellitus remains a controversial topic.We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using baseline data from 11,319 participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Araihazar, Bangladesh, to evaluate the associations of well water arsenic and total urinary arsenic concentration and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucosuria. We also assessed the concentrations of well water arsenic, total urinary arsenic, and urinary arsenic metabolites in relation to blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in subsets of the study population.More than 90% of the cohort members were exposed to drinking water with arsenic concentration < 300 microg/L. We found no association between arsenic exposure and the prevalence of diabetes. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes were 1.00 (referent), 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-2.02], 1.24 (0.82-1.87), 0.96 (0.62-1.49), and 1.11 (0.73-1.69) in relation to quintiles of time-weighted water arsenic concentrations of 0.1-8, 8-41, 41-91, 92-176, and > or = 177 microg/L, respectively, and 1.00 (referent), 1.29 (0.87-1.91), 1.05 (0.69-1.59), 0.94 (0.61-1.44), and 0.93 (0.59-1.45) in relation to quintiles of urinary arsenic concentrations of 1-36, 37-66, 67-114, 115-204, and > or = 205 microg/L, respectively. We observed no association between arsenic exposure and prevalence of glucosuria and no evidence of an association between well water arsenic, total urinary arsenic, or the composition of urinary arsenic metabolites and HbA1c level.Our findings do not support an association of arsenic exposure from drinking water and a significantly increased risk of diabetes mellitus in the range of levels observed. Further prospective studies would be valuable in confirming the findings.
Human Life Bill
Authors: James A. McGregor
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The eclectic views of Harriet S. Meyer, MD, in her COMMENTARY Science and the 'Human Life Bill', (1981;246:837) clarify the muddy waters surrounding Congressional Bill S 158 and reinforce the observation that earnest scientific testimony can be choreographed to pursue direct political goals, personal biases, and absolute moral or religious beliefs. The fatuity of lining up selected scientific experts to correlate embryologic observation with one group's preconceived conclusions about what constitutes the legal or religious definition of a person represents witting or unwitting cooperation with political legerdemain. Surely the essential answer or truth of sciences lies in the process of searching and testing, not in proclaiming specific answers that suit the purposes of specific political groups. Today's specific scientific opinions are unlikely to be immutable and are not easily applicable to legal or social realities. Leon Rosenberg's insistence on the committee's coming to terms with embryologic, religious,
Family planning prospects
Authors: L. D Naismith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

but the effect on glucose metabolismn of severe intoxication has not been reported.In rodents glucose appears to enhance the toxic effects of fenfluramine, which suggests that it is unlikely to have a therapeutic role in severe intoxication in humans.Although appetite suppressants cost the NHS over £2m in 1973, their efficacy in the long term remains somewhat dubious.Their dangers, however, even when in- dividually wrapped, continue to be demon- strated.
Myocardial Uptake An Unexpected Finding in an Oncology Follow-up
Authors: ROBERT A. BOEDECKER, DAVID G. BLAKE, JOHN R. STY, MARY BETH RIEGERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

BOEDECKER, ROBERT A. M.D.; BLAKE, DAVID G. M.D.; STY, JOHN R. M.D.; RIEGERT, MARY BETH CNMT Author Information
Ablation of the tumor suppressor histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 is protective against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Juliette Martin, Pamela Romanque, Olivier Maurhofer, Karin Schmitter, Caroline Hora, Gisèle Ferrand, Jean-François Dufour
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The identification of cellular pathways capable of limiting ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a frontier in medicine, and its clinical relevance is urgent. Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a tumor suppressor that influences apoptosis. Because apoptotic pathways are a feature of I/R injury, we asked whether Hint1 influences hepatic I/R injury. Hint1 −/− and C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 70% liver ischemia followed by reperfusion for 3 or 24 hours or to a sham operation. The serum aminotransferase levels, histological lesions, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and expression of B cell lymphoma 2–associated X protein (Bax), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor - a , Src, nuclear factor kappa B (p65/RelA), and c-Jun were quantified. The responses to toll-like receptor ligands and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in Kupffer cells were compared in Hint1 −/− mice and C57BL/6 mice. After I/R, the levels of serum aminotransferases, parenchymal necrosis, and hepatocellular apoptosis were significantly lower in Hint1 −/− mice versus control mice. Furthermore, Bax expression decreased more than 2-fold in Hint1 −/− mice, and the increases in reactive oxygen species and HO-1 expression that were evident in wild-type mice after I/R were absent in Hint1 −/− mice. The phosphorylation of Src and the nuclear translocation of p65 were increased in Hint1 −/− mice, whereas the nuclear expression of phosphorylated c-Jun was decreased. The levels of the protective cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were increased in Hint1 −/− mice. These effects increased survival after I/R in mice lacking Hint1. Hint1 −/− Kupffer cells were less activated than control cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. Conclusion: The Hint1 protein influences the course of I/R injury, and its ablation in Kupffer cells may limit the extent of the injury. (Hepatology 2011)
Abstract IA25: Metastasis pathways
Authors: Joan Massagué
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The mechanisms that turn disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) into metastasis-initiating seeds are largely unknown. We recently identified molecular sensors and stromal factors that amplify cell survival and stem cell pathways in DTCs from breast, lung, and renal cancers. These mechanisms prime tumor cells for metastasis in animal models and are associated with relapse in patients. For example, SRC primes triple-negative (TN) breast cancer DTCs for a robust response of the PI3K-Akt pathway to CXCL12 and IGF1 in the bone marrow. The leukocyte-tethering receptor VCAM-1 primes TN DTCs for PI3K-Akt activation in the lungs. For stem cell fitness, the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (TNC) forms micrometastatic niches that amplify WNT and NOTCH signaling in TN breast cancer cells. A CXCL1-S100A8 paracrine loop protects DTCs from the stresses of metastasis and chemotherapy, suggesting a link for the clinically coupled phenomena of relapse and chemoresistance. Though encouraging, this progress has only accentuated an old puzzle: How do organ-specific metastatic traits emerge in primary tumors? We identified a role of the breast tumor stroma in selecting cancer cells in TN breast cancers that are primed for metastasis to bone. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TN breast tumors skew heterogeneous cancer cell populations towards a predominance of clones that thrive on the CAF-derived factors CXCL12 and IGF1. Carcinoma clones selected in this manner are primed for metastasis in the CXCL12-rich microenvironment of the bone marrow. Coupled with processes of tumour self-seeding, whereby DTCs may recirculate, reseed and expand in their tumors of origin, the process of metastatic seed pre-selection may further sway the organotropic metastatic traits of tumors. We conclude that stromal signals resembling those of a distant organ select for cancer cells that are primed for metastasis in that organ, thus illuminating the evolution of metastatic traits in a primary tumour and its distant metastases. In related studies we identified mediators of brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Citation Format: Joan Massagué. Metastasis pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
The diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia can be established by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood, even in patients with low levels of circulating malignant cells
Authors: Dennis B. Cornfield, Debra M. Mitchell Nelson, Lisa M. Rimsza, Danielle Moller‐Patti, Raul C. Braylan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract The diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has traditionally been based on microscopic means. Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood by flow cytometry is not widely recognized as a method for diagnosing HCL, perhaps due to the expectation of low yield of neoplastic cells in patients who are characteristically leukopenic. The abnormal coexpression of CD103, CD25, and intense CD11c and CD20 on monotypic, slightly large B‐lymphocytes has previously been shown to be highly characteristic of HCL. We wished to determine if this pattern was valuable in the diagnosis of HCL in leukopenic patients with low levels of neoplastic cells in the peripheral blood. The abnormal immunophenotype above was observed in 25 peripheral blood specimens from patients with unexplained cytopenias or suspected lymphoproliferative processes. Ten of the 25 blood samples exhibited this abnormal phenotype in less than 5% of circulating leukocytes (ranging from &lt;1% to 4%). All 10 patients had other manifestations of HCL, including cytopenias (mean white blood cell count, 1.8 × 10 3 /mm 3 ; hemoglobin, 11.0 gm/dl; platelets, 74 × 10 3 /mm 3 ), splenomegaly, and typical bone marrow morphologic changes. Eight of the 10 patients achieved an excellent response to one course of 2‐CDA, with significant improvement of cytopenias (mean white blood cell count: 5.3 × 10 3 /mm 3 ; hemoglobin: 14.4 g/dl; platelets: 181 × 10 3 /mm 3 ) and regression of splenomegaly. One patient had a partial response to alpha interferon and a subsequent complete response to 2‐CDA, and one died during treatment. In conclusion, flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood is capable of detecting low levels of circulating malignant cells in HCL, even in leukopenic patients. As such, it can be a very useful, non‐invasive tool in the diagnosis of this disorder. Am. J. Hematol. 67:223–226, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rheumatology and Rehabilitation: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The first 170 pages are a pell-mell rush through rheumatology. Actually, even more than that is covered, as the standard rheumatologic disorders comprise only the first 103 pages, which are followed by discussions of low-back pain, the painful shoulder, neck pain, and sports medicine. A very brief chapter on drug therapy in rheumatology is followed by one on radiology. The chapter on drug therapy is disappointing because it mixes trade names with generic names, does not really provide a guide to use of the drugs, and devotes much of the text to how to do drug studies. It contains some misspellings ("pirprofen" is spelled "purprofen," for example) and the single reference is incorrectly cited (the publisher is FK Schattauer, although it is one of the Symposia Medica Hoechst, specifically, No. 16). The editors have contributed so much to clinical investigative rheumatology, especially in the field of drug study, that it
Imaging Active Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Aaron M. LeBeau, Natalia Sevillano, Kate Markham, Michael B. Winter, Stephanie T. Murphy, Daniel R. Hostetter, James West, Henry Lowman, Charles S. Craik, Henry F. VanBrocklin
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The increased proteolytic activity of membrane-bound and secreted proteases on the surface of cancer cells and in the transformed stroma is a common characteristic of aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. We describe here the development of an active site-specific probe for detecting a secreted peritumoral protease expressed by cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. Using a human fragment antigen-binding phage display library, we identified a human antibody termed U33 that selectively inhibited the active form of the protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA, PLAU). In the full-length immunoglobulin form, U33 IgG labeled with near-infrared fluorophores or radionuclides allowed us to noninvasively detect active uPA in prostate cancer xenograft models using optical and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging modalities. U33 IgG labeled with 111In had a remarkable tumor uptake of 43.2% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) 72 hours after tail vein injection of the radiolabeled probe in subcutaneous xenografts. In addition, U33 was able to image active uPA in small soft-tissue and osseous metastatic lesions using a cardiac dissemination prostate cancer model that recapitulated metastatic human cancer. The favorable imaging properties were the direct result of U33 IgG internalization through an uPA receptor–mediated mechanism in which U33 mimicked the function of the endogenous inhibitor of uPA to gain entry into the cancer cell. Overall, our imaging probe targets a prostate cancer–associated protease, through a unique mechanism, allowing for the noninvasive preclinical imaging of prostate cancer lesions. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1225–35. ©2015 AACR.
Comparison of indirect calorimetry and thermodilution cardiac output measurement in children.
Authors: A Capderou, D Douguet, J Losay, M Zelter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We validated experimentally the ability of hood indirect calorimetry to measure accurately VO2. For this purpose we compared cardiac output calculated from the Fick equation Q = VO2/(Ca(O2) - CV(O2)), in which VO2 was obtained by hood indirect calorimetry, to thermodilution cardiac output (Qth) measured simultaneously during cardiac catheterization in children (n = 16). Because FI(CO2) is a critical factor in hood indirect calorimetry calculations, we also assessed the consequence of taking into account measured FI(CO2) rather than using the usual standard value of 0.0004. We found a good agreement between Q and Qth whether we used experimentally measured FI(CO2) in ambient air (Qth = 0.89 Q + 0.39, r = 0.941) or standard FI(CO2) (Qth = 0.84 Q + 0.55, r = 0.930). However, VCO2 and R computed from standard FI(CO2) differed significantly (p < 0.001) from values derived from measured FI(CO2). This demonstrates that indirect calorimetry allows reasonable estimates of Q, VO2, VCO2, and R provided that the actual values of FI(CO2) are used.
Phase I-II Trial of Gemcitabine-Based First-Line Chemotherapies for Small Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients with Performance Status 0-2: The G-Step Trial
Authors: Cesare Gridelli, Ciro Gallo, Alessandro Morabito, Rosario Vincenzo Iaffaioli, Adolfo Favaretto, Luciano Isa, Santi Barbera, Teresa Gamucci, Anna Ceribelli, Virginio Filipazzi, Paolo Maione, Antonio Rossi, Emiddio Barletta, Simona Signoriello, Ermelinda De Maio, Maria Carmela Piccirillo, Massimo Di Maio, Gaetano Rocco, Aldo Vecchione, Francesco Perrone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
THE EFFECT OF MERATRAN ON TWENTY-FIVE INSTITUTIONALIZED MENTAL PATIENTS
Authors: J. W. SCHUT, H. E. HIMWICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

A study was conducted on 25 institutionalized psychotic patients with chronic courses, selected because of their depressive and/or regressive symptoms. Meratran was found to be a central nervous system stimulant useful in the field of psychiatry and with certain indications and contraindications: (1) indications: (a) schizophrenics without delusions having restriction of interest and activity and with depressant features, (b) psycho-motor retardation and/or blocking of communication, (c) long-term hospitalized schizophrenics with severe deterioration; (2) contraindications: (a) patients with delusions, (b) patients with anxiety, (c) disturbed patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis.
1110-217 Autologous fibroblast transplantation into myocardial infarcts in pigs: Effects on arrhythmogenesis and arrhythmic threshold
Authors: Fernando Tondato, Keith Robinson, Jianhua Cui, James Sanzo, Traci Goodchild, Melissa Fowlkes, Randall Lee, Mark Maciejevski, Nicolas Chronos, Nicholas Peters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Difficulty with spacer devices
Authors: M J Connolly
Journal: BMJ (1994)

there are few published data to support these claims.In a prospective randomised trial in 140 patients that compared laparoscopic and open appendicectomy Tate et al found no significant differences between the groups in pain score, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, or time to return to work.2The only significant finding was that the operating time was nearly twice as long in the laparoscopic group.In addition, conversion to an open operation was necessary in a fifth of the patients undergoing laparoscopy.Further prospective randomised trials are needed to establish the place of laparoscopic surgery.Without such data the current enthusiasm for laparoscopic surgery may be unfounded.
Lactulose may help prevent urinary tract infections
Authors: M Battle, T Martin, J Fulton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The study by Kontiokari et al did not show a significant reduction in the prevalence of urinary tract infection in women using a lactobacillus drink, but it did show a benefit of cranberry-lingonberry juice.1 They concluded that this lack of benefit may have been because they were unable to induce periurethral colonisation with lactobacilli.

Most urinary tract infections are caused …
Accuracy of bile duct changes for the diagnosis of chronic liver allograft rejection: Reliability of the 1999 Banff schema
Authors: Mylène Sebagh, Karin Blakolmer, Bruno Falissard, Bruno Roche, Jean-Francois Emile, Henri Bismuth, Didier Samuel, Michel Reynès
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Chronic rejection (CR) after liver transplantation is thought to be a dynamic and potentially reversible process. The Banff working group has developed recommendations for its histopathologic staging. The 1999 Banff classification of CR (i.e., bile duct dystrophy >50% and/or bile duct loss >20%) was applied to: 1) biopsies from patients retransplanted for CR (N = 19) and pathologies other than CR (N = 21) to evaluate its specificity and sensitivity, especially of the early stage lesions of CR; and 2) biopsies from nonretransplanted patients (N = 21) to evaluate the evolution of CR lesions. Atypical forms of CR were also described. Including an early stage into the definition of CR has resulted in a much higher sensitivity for its diagnosis, as compared with the former classification (i.e., bile duct loss >50%) (89% vs. 33%; P =.0001), while keeping an acceptable specificity (74% vs. 100%; P =.03). In 55% of the nonretransplanted patients, CR lesions were reversible. No histologic feature reliably predicted CR outcome. Transient lobular hepatitis, unrelated to viral infection, and veno-occlusive disease were seen significantly more often in the CR group (P =.04 and P =.03, respectively). We conclude that the application of the 1999 Banff classification is superior to the previous classification for the diagnosis of CR. However, limited information can be drawn regarding the outcome of CR based on histology alone. Transient lobular hepatitis, unrelated to viral infection and veno-occlusive disease, may be an unusual expression of CR.
Specificity Revisited and Updated
Authors: J.W. Paulley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Typicality is probably a better representation of Alexander, Dunbar and others' conclusions than specificity, which was always too absolute a term. As such it became a valid cause of objection by opponents. No genuine attempts to repeat the original studies have been made and most of the original opposition to the concept is now acknowledged as invalid. Typicality (specificity) in psychosomatic disorders appears to be conferred by coping mechanisms acquired through interaction with mother and early surrogates in infancy and childhood as a means of reducing tensions and restoration of homeostatic emotional equilibrium. Psychosomatic medicine patients share one such mechnism, notably superstability/ alexythymia, but contained within it are coping mechanisms typical for differing disorders. Examples are listed, and also mention of typicality of recurrently provocative life events/ situations. Until typicality is appreciated, taught, learned and practised, success in management of psychosomatic disorders will be limited. The current bio-psycho-social approach is too imprecise.
INTERPLEURAL SINUS OR MEDIASTINAL HERNIA?
Authors: Ephraim Korol
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the interesting and rare case reported by Drs. C. R. Smith and H. S. Willis inThe Journal, Oct. 14, 1933, page 1224, there evidently was no communicatio̧n between the two pleural cavities, contrary to the conclusions of the authors. Instead there was a mediastinal hernia of the right lung invading the left hemithorax to an unusual extent; the pneumothorax needle repeatedly inserted into the left side of the chest was really in the right pleural cavity each time. The roentgenograms submitted by the authors show the mediastinal hernia of the right lung—it nearly reaches the left axilla. The roentgen examinations following the injection of air into the left side of the chest showed "no collapse of the left lung, but the right lung was entirely separated from the chest wall." The manometric readings made with two needles, one in the left side and one in