tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grandparental altruism: Expanding the sense of cause and effect
Authors: Edmund Fantino, Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Grandparental altruism may be partially understood in the same way as other instances of altruism. Acts of altruism often occur in a context in which the actor has a broader sense of cause and effect than is evident in more typical behavioral interactions where cause and effect appear relatively transparent. Many believe that good deeds will ultimately produce good results.
Abstract 708: Clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Toshiki Hirakawa, Masakazu Yashiro, Tamami Morisaki, Naoki Aomatsu, Tatsunari Fukuoka, Mami Yoshii, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Junko Matsuoka, Hisashi Nagahara, Kenjiro Kimura, Eiji Noda, Ryosuke Amano, Naoshi Kubo, Hiroaki Tanaka, Kazuya Muguruma, Nobuya Yamada, Kiyoshi Maeda, Bunzo Nakata, Masaichi Ohira, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) reported to be overexpressed in some types of human carcinomas, including lung cancer, and breast cancer. However no report of the significance of IGF1R expression was available in pancreatic cancer. Most patients with pancreatic cancer die within 2 years at diagnosis even after curative resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of IGF1R expression in human pancreatic cancer. Material and Methods: A total 122 patients with pancreatic cancer was studied. Paraffin embedded species of pancreatic cancers were stained with antibodies against IGF1R. IGF1R expression was evaluated by intensity of staining. Semi-quantitative scores of zero (no staining), 1+ (weak staining), 2+ (moderate staining), or 3+ (strong staining) were assigned to each sample based on the intensity of staining. Scores of 2+ or 3+ were defined as IGF1R-positive staining. The association between IGF1R expression and clinicopathologic variables was examined. Results: IGF1R expression was positive in 50 (40.1%) of 122 cases. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated the prognosis of IGF1R-positive patients was significantly (p=0.0076) poorer than that of IGF1R-negative, and median survival time of patients with IGF1R-positive was 37.3 months, while that of patients with IGF1R-negative samples was 60.8 months. There were no associations between IGF1R overexpression and clinicopathological factors, including tumor location, tumor size, tumor differentiation, and T/N categories according to the International Union against Cancer. Multivariate analysis showed IGF1R expression and lymph node metastasis were independent predictors of worse prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: The expression of IGF1R might be a novel predictive prognostic marker for patients with pancreatic cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 708. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-708
Functional Renal Insufficiency During Long-Term Therapy with Captopril and Enalapril in Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer, Wai Hung Lee, Norma Medina, Madeline Yushak, Paul D. Kessler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Renal function was evaluated in 104 patients with severe chronic heart failure whom we treated with Captopril or enalapril. Seventy patients showed no change or an improvement in renal function (group A)1 and 34 patients developed functional renal insufficiency (group B). Before converting-enzyme inhibition, group B patients received higher doses of furosemide (p< 0.02) and had lower central venous pressures (p< 0.05) than group A patients. After 1 to 3 months of converting-enzyme inhibition, an excessive reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (to less than 15 mm Hg) or mean arterial pressure (to less than 60 mm Hg) was noted in 28 of 34 (82%) patients in group B but in only 22 of 70 patients in group A (31%) (p< 0.001). At the end of the study, drug-induced azotemia resolved after a reduction in the dosage of diuretics, despite unaltered treatment with Captopril and enalapril. Hence, the deterioration of renal function after converting-enzyme inhibition in heart failure is not a toxic or immunologic reaction to therapy but results from specific hemodynamic events that can be ameliorated by sodium repletion.
Covering for Impaired Residents
Authors: Brian J. Bohlmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 August 1992Covering for Impaired ResidentsBrian J. Bohlmann, MDBrian J. Bohlmann, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-3-267_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Our society and our profession emphasize alcohol as an integral part of mainstream social interaction, and as Aach and colleagues (1) observe, "abuse of alcohol . . . is a major societal problem."Shortly after the drinking age in Wisconsin was raised from 18 to 21 years of age, I met one of the deans of the medical school at a Friday afternoon party sponsored by the Alumni Association. He observed that the admissions committee might need to require that all students be 21 years of age at matriculation; otherwise, some students might not be able to...References1. AachGirardHumphreyMcCueReubenSmith RDHJDJ. Alcohol and other substance abuse and impairment among physicians in residency training. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:245-54. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bohlmann B. Pregnant surgical residents: Oh K?! [Letter]. JAMA. 1991;266:2222-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. AachGirardHumphreyMcCueReubenSmith RDHJDJ. Alcohol and other substance abuse and impairment among physicians in residency training. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:245-54. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPublic Perceptions of Alcohol Use by PhysiciansEarnings of Male and Female Physicians 1 August 1992Volume 117, Issue 3Page: 267-268KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsAlumni Issue Published: 1 August 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
The influence of the site of infection on the immune response to group A streptococci
Authors: Edward L. Kaplan, Bascom F. Anthony, S. Stephen Chapman, Elia M. Ayoub, Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The immune response after streptococcal infection of the skin and of the upper respiratory tract (URT) was studied prospectively in a group of normal children, ages 3-6 yr. The children were examined and cultures for group A streptococci were obtained weekly from the throat, nose, and skin lesions (when present). Paired sera were collected at the beginning and end of the study, and the changes in antibody titers were measured for three different streptococcal antigens: streptolysin O, deoxyribonuclease B (DNAse B), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase (NADase). The findings suggest that in contrast to infection of the URT antibody response to streptolysin O is relatively feeble after streptococcal infection which is limited to the skin. The response to NADase is also poor after cutaneous infection. Antibody responses to DNAse B are generally good regardless of the site of the infection. These and other studies indicate that anti-DNAse B is the antibody of choice in studying streptococcal infection of the skin and its complications.
Sodium Polystyrene-Sorbitol Enemas
Authors: Richard J. Burnett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1990Sodium Polystyrene-Sorbitol EnemasRichard J. Burnett, PharmDRichard J. Burnett, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-4-311_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In the report by Wootton and colleagues (1) describing colonic necrosis in a renal transplant recipient after receiving a sodium polystyrene sulfonate suspension (SPSS) in a sorbitol enema, the authors referenced an article by Lillemoe and colleagues (2) describing other similar case reports and a small study in rats showing colonic damage after instillation of SPSS in sorbitol enemas. The package insert (3) for SPSS recommends and highlights in bold letters that, if the product is to be used as an enema, after instillation and retention of SPSS, the colon then be irrigated with a nonsodium-containing solution...References1. WoottonRhodesLeeFitts FDWC. Colonic necrosis with Kayexalate-sorbitol enemas after renal transplantation. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:947-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LillemoeRomoloHamiltonPenningtonBurdickWilliams KJSLJG. Intestinal necrosis due to sodium polystyrene (Kay-exalate) in sorbitol enemas: clinical and experimental support for the hypothesis. Surgery. 1987;101:266-72. Google Scholar3. Product Information: Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Suspension. Roxane Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1988. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Francis Hospital and Health Center Blue Island, IL 60506 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAssociation of Prescription of Oral Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate With Sorbitol in an Inpatient Setting With Colonic Necrosis: A Retrospective Cohort StudySodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) aspirationCleansing Enemas after Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate EnemasKirk V. Shepard, MD 15 February 1990Volume 112, Issue 4Page: 311-312KeywordsColonNecrosisRenal transplantationSodium Issue Published: 15 February 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling mediates regranulation of rat nasal goblet cells
Authors: Heung-Man Lee, Lars Malm, Karim Dabbagh, Trang Dao-Pick, Iris F. Ueki, Suil Kim, Jae Jeong Shim, Jay A. Nadel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)

Mucus hypersecretion is a common response to inflammation in the lower airways and is a hallmark of chronic rhinitis.The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of regranulation (mucus production) of goblet cells in nasal epithelium.Because neutrophils induce an epidermal growth factor (EGFR) cascade, we induced degranulation of goblet cells in rat nasal respiratory epithelium by means of intranasal inhalation of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and we examined regranulation of the goblet cells and the role of EGFR inhibitors and neutrophils in the regranulation process.In the control state Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff and mucin MUC5AC staining was present. Degranulation was induced in the nasal septal epithelium 4 hours after intranasal inhalation of fMLP (10(-7) mol/L); 48 hours later, goblet-cell regranulation was complete. In the control state EGFR protein staining was absent in the epithelium, but after fMLP-induced degranulation, EGFR protein was expressed. After pretreatment with BIBX1522, a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, fMLP-induced degranulation was unaffected, but goblet-cell regranulation was prevented completely.These data suggest a role for the EGFR cascade in neutrophil-dependent production of goblet-cell mucins. Proving this theory will require the use of selective EGFR inhibitors in clinical studies of nasal hypersecretory states.
Famine-1975! America's Decision: Who Will Survive?
Authors: Robert W. Harkins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Within a very few years, America will be forced to decide who is to eat and who is to go hungry. America's agricultural resources are great, but limited—we will be unable to feed all of the hungry! To the dispenser of our agricultural resources will fall the obligation of deciding who will survive. Famine in many countries cannot be averted, the only question is when it will strike. The authors analyze current trends in population and productivity and suggest that food needs will exceed productivity in 1975! Who then will survive? The authors suggest that triage be applied to the hungry nations. The divisions would include (1) nations in which population growth has already passed agricultural potential —the "can't be saved" group, (2) nations with sufficient internal resources to cover importation of grain and which thus can survive without food aid — the "walking wounded," and (3) nations in which
Re: Thomas Hambrock, Caroline Hoeks, Christina Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, et al. Prospective Assessment of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Using 3-T Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Biopsies Versus a Systematic 10-Core Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Biopsy Cohort. Eur Urol 2012;61:177–84
Authors: Anton Ponholzer, Stephan Madersbacher
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Development of New Jet Injector for Insulin Therapy
Authors: Istvan Lindmayer, Karim Menassa, Jean Lambert, Albert Moghrabi, Lise Legendre, Claudine Legault, Michel Letendre, Jean-Pierre Halle
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

To improve diabetic patients' compliance to multiple injection protocols, we developed and tested a new insulin jet injector, the Preci-Jet 50. The prototype has the following features: small size (14 × 2 cm) and weight (160 g), capability of mixing two types of insulin, accuracy and reliability of the ejected volume (dose), ease of use and sterilization, simplicity of design, and capacity of adjusting jet pressure to individual skin resistance. The ejected volume, evaluated by gravimetry, was more accurate and more reliable with the injectors (N = 18) than with 0.5-cc disposable plastic syringes (N = 18). The dead space of the injectors (N = 16), as evaluated by isotopic recuperation of radioactive insulin, was minimal, allowing mixed insulin injections. The human-device interface evaluation demonstrated that diabetic patients (N = 13) learned easily to manipulate the injector and that their ability to use it properly improved after 1 mo of use. We conclude that this injector may be a practical tool for insulindependent diabetic patients.
Pulmonary-Function Tests
Authors: George L. Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article "Pulmonary-Function Tests" which appeared inThe Journal(<b>206</b>:2302, 1968) contains the following statement: "The level of arterial Pco<sub>2</sub>is governed solely by the alveolar ventilation. Elevated Pco<sub>2</sub>means alveolar hypoventilation, and reduced Pco<sub>2</sub>, alveolar hyperventilation." Such a statement ignores the ventilation to perfusion relationship in which a reduction in perfusion may commonly increase functional dead space, shuntlike effects, hypoxemia, and finally CO<sub>2</sub>retention. Ventilation-perfusion problems must be distinguished from alveolar hypoventilation, which caused decreased alveolar Po<sub>2</sub>together with increased arterial Pco<sub>2</sub>. While it is true that a diffusion barrier for CO<sub>2</sub>is for practical purposes almost nonexistent as compared to O<sub>2</sub>, the perfusion of alveoli has an important role in relationship to CO<sub>2</sub>elimination. This fact has clinical importance in the evaluation of pulmonary emboli in which the alveolar Pco<sub>2</sub>levels may be reduced
Cholecystokinin-Cholescintigraphy in Adults
Authors: John K. DiBaise, Bryan K. Richmond, Harvey A. Ziessman, Gregory T. Everson, Robert D. Fanelli, Alan H. Maurer, Ann Ouyang, Peter Shamamian, Richard J. Simons, Laura A. Wall, Thomas J. Weida, Mark Tulchinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy (CCK-CS) provides a physiologic, noninvasive, and quantitative method for assessing gallbladder contraction and calculation of a gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF). At present, it is used most commonly to identify patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder. However, the methodology of CCK infusion and normal values differ markedly among imaging centers.This document represents the consensus opinion of an interdisciplinary panel that gathered to assess the current optimal method for performing CCK-CS in adults, potential uses and limitations of CCK-CS, and questions that require further investigation.The panel recommended the use of a single, standardized, recently described CCK-CS protocol that involves infusion of 0.02 μg/kg of sincalide over 60 minutes with a normal GBEF defined as ≥38%. The panel emphasized the need for a large, multicenter, prospective clinical trial to establish the utility of CCK-CS in the diagnosis of functional gallbladder disease. Although not without controversy regarding its clinical utility, the primary indication for CCK-CS at present is the well-selected patient with suspected functional gallbladder disorder.Agreement was reached that the adoption of this standardized protocol is critical to improve how CCK-CS is used to direct patient care and will represent an improvement over the diverse methods currently in use by eliminating the current lack of uniformity and adding both reliability and credibility to the results.
Review of neonatal screening programme for phenylketonuria.
Authors: I Smith, B Cook, M Beasley
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To review the neonatal screening programme during 1984-8. DESIGN--Analysis of data from screening laboratories and paediatricians. SUBJECTS--All live births in United Kingdom. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Structure of programme; number of infants tested and number with phenylketonuria; number of infants missed; ages at testing and treatment. RESULTS--The proportion of infants tested approached 100%. The incidence of phenylketonuria was 11.7/100,000 births (445 subjects): 273 had classic phenylketonuria and three had defects of cofactor metabolism. One child with phenylketonuria was known to have been missed compared with three in 1979-83 and six in 1974-8. Seven subjects had been missed over the 15 years due to negative test results. All seven had been tested with the bacterial inhibition assay, although only 53% of infants had been so tested; the difference between the expected and observed proportion was significant (Fisher9s exact test, p = 0.017). Eleven infants with classic phenylketonuria were not tested by 14 days of age and 23 (8%) did not start treatment until after 20 days, an improvement compared with 36 (15%) in 1979-83. There were, however, wide regional variations (0% to 27% treated after 20 days). CONCLUSION--The screening programme achieves high coverage and effectiveness, although some children are still missed. A national practice for screening may help reduce regional variations.
Identification of a human-specific epitope in a conserved region of the La/SS-B autoantigen.
Authors: Y M Weng, J McNeilage, F Topfer, J McCluskey, T Gordon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Human anti-La/SS-B autoantibodies are known to react with highly conserved epitopes suggested to be functional or active sites on the La/SS-B polypeptide. This study was designed to determine whether the autoantibodies also react with poorly conserved regions of La/SS-B as predicted by an antigen-driven autoimmune response. Binding of human autoantibodies to purified human, mouse, and bovine recombinant fragments representing immunodominant regions of the La/SS-B polypeptide was compared using Western blotting and ELISA. A cross-reactive epitope was located in the highly conserved NH2-terminal region of La/SS-B. Significantly, human-specific epitopes were identified in both the conserved RNA-recognition motif and a poorly conserved COOH-terminal fragment, providing direct evidence for an autoantigen-driven response. The lack of autoantibody cross-reactivity with a conserved domain of mouse and bovine La/SS-B implies that a small number of residues in human autoepitopes may be critical for autoimmunogenicity.
Rapid screening of environmental chemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity.
Authors: R Bolger, T E Wiese, K Ervin, S Nestich, W Checovich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Over the last few years, an increased awareness of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their potential to affect wildlife and humans has produced a demand for practical screening methods to identify endocrine activity in a wide range of environmental and industrial chemicals. While it is clear that in vivo methods will be required to identify adverse effects produced by these chemicals, in vitro assays can define particular mechanisms of action and have the potential to be employed as rapid and low-cost screens for use in large scale EDC screening programs. Traditional estrogen receptor (ER) binding assays are useful for characterizing a chemical's potential to be an estrogen-acting EDC, but they involve displacement of a radioactive ligand from crude receptor preparations at low temperatures. The usefulness of these assays for realistically determining the ER binding interactions of weakly estrogenic environmental and industrial compounds that have low aqueous solubility is unclear. In this report, we present a novel fluorescence polarization (FP) method that measures the capacity of a competitor chemical to displace a high affinity fluorescent ligand from purified, recombinant human ER-[alpha] at room temperature. The ER-[alpha] binding interactions generated for 15 natural and synthetic compounds were found to be similar to those determined with traditional receptor binding assays. We also discuss the potential to employ this FP technology to binding studies involving ER-ss and other receptors. Thus, the assay introduced in this study is a nonradioactive receptor binding method that shows promise as a high throughput screening method for large-scale testing of environmental and industrial chemicals for ER binding interactions.
Congenital hip dislocation: an increasing and still uncontrolled disability?
Authors: J C Catford, G C Bennet, J A Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study of 178 cases of congenital dislocation of the hip in babies born between 1965 and 1978 in Southampton health district showed that the incidence had virtually doubled over this period. Established cases (persisting beyond the first birthday) had risen to around two cases per 1000 per live births. One-third of these were first diagnosed after the age of 1 year and one-fifth after 18 months. The findings are particularly disappointing as there were opportunities after the neonatal period for earlier diagnosis. Thus, neonatal screening appears to have failed to make a substantial impact on the morbidity of the disease, probably because of a combination of inherent difficulties in the neonatal screening test as well as failure in its proper application. Much greater vigilance is needed during the first year of life if congenital dislocation of the hip is to be detected and treated as early as possible. Perhaps this could be achieved if all health professionals were more aware of the problem and were encouraged to examine hips at every opportunity and health authorities periodically audited their results.
Spontaneous atlantoaxial subluxation: an unusual presenting manifestation of Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: R D Melsom, J C Benjamin, C G Barnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A male Sikh presented with spontaneous neck pain. Plain cervical radiography showed gross atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS). Computed tomography showed soft tissue anterior to a subluxed odontoid peg. A diagnosis of atlantoaxial tuberculosis was considered. Confirmation of this would have required a trans-oral anterior cervical biopsy. Despite the paucity of other rheumatic symptoms a diagnosis of Reiter9s syndrome with spondylitis was made, and the only surgical procedure required was posterior fusion of C1 and C2, with resultant spinal stability and pain relief. This is the first report of Reiter9s syndrome presenting with AAS.