tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Mitochondrial Porin, VDAC, Has Retained the Ability to Be Assembled in the Bacterial Outer Membrane
Authors: D. M. Walther, M. P. Bos, D. Rapaport, J. Tommassen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

β-Barrel proteins are present in the outer membranes (OMs) of Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Their assembly requires a machinery of which the central component, called Omp85 (BamA) in bacteria and Tob55 (Sam50) in mitochondria, is evolutionarily conserved. An open question is whether the signals in β-barrel OM proteins required for assembly via this multicomponent machinery are also conserved. To address this question, we have expressed in Escherichia coli the mitochondrial porin voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) from Neurospora crassa fused to a bacterial signal sequence for transport across the bacterial inner membrane. The protein was assembled in the bacterial OM where it formed pores. Assembly of VDAC was dependent on its β-signal, which is required for assembly in the mitochondrial OM, and on the bacterial Omp85 assembly machinery. These results demonstrate that the basic mechanism of β-barrel assembly in the OMs of bacteria and mitochondria is conserved.
Prothrombinfragment F1 + 2 predicts acute occlusion after intracoronary stenting
Authors: Holger Swars, Gerd Hafner, Raimund Erbel, Wolfram Ehrenthal, Hans-Jürgen Rupprecht, Winfried Prellwitz, Jürgen Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Screening for Abnormalities of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Pregnancy 1966–1977: The Belfast Experience
Authors: D R Hadden
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Of the 30,300 mothers who attended consecutively at the antenatal clinic during an 11-yr period, 3063 mothers screened positive using clinical criteria for potential diabetes in pregnancy. These 3063 mothers had a glucose tolerance test (GTT), of which 661 were judged abnormal. At different times an oral GTT, cortisone-stressed GTT, or i.v. GTT were used and several changes in the clinical screening criteria and interpretation of the GTT values were made. There was a steady fall in fetal loss in all groups of mothers during the period. Those mothers whose glucose intolerance was between one and three standard deviations above the mean had only slightly more pregnancy complications than those with a normal GTT. Apart from clicnial recognition of this state, no special management of these mothers was necessary. Long-term decompensation of glucose tolerance to frank or symptomatic diabetes was uncommon.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF ANTIVIRAL SERA
Authors: Hilary Koprowski, Gilbert Richmond, Dan H. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. Sera of animals immunized against Japanese B encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and Western equine encephalomyelitis viruses were fractionated by electrophoresis. 2. Electrophoretic patterns of rabbit sera before and after immunization against Japanese B virus showed no consistent change traceable to antibody formation. 3. To determine the antibody content, the electrophoretic fractions of the respective sera were mixed in varying dilutions with infected mouse brain suspensions, and the neutralizing titers of the fractions were compared. 4. In all instances serum fractions containing gamma-globulin were protective, whereas in no case did serum albumin show any virus-neutralizing activity. The Japanese B encephalitis antibody appeared to be associated entirely with the gamma-globulin. The Venezuelan and Western equine encephalomyelitis antibodies were associated with the beta- and gamma-globulins and probably possessed an average electrophoretic mobility between that of beta- and gamma-globulins. 5. Normal rabbit serum similarly separated electrophoretically showed no neutralizing properties. 6. Chickens, whose electrophoretic serum pattern is markedly different from that of rabbits, were also immunized against the Japanese B encephalitis virus. Their antisera were electrophoretically fractionated and similarly subjected to neutralization tests. The specific neutralizing capacity of chicken serum was considerably lower than that of rabbit serum and no neutralizing activity was found in the fractions containing the faster moving components. The antibody appeared to be associated with component 4 which had a mobility of approximately 2.3 x 10(-5) cm.(2)/volt/sec.
Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis — Time to Rethink the 6-Month “Rule”
Authors: Robert S. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease has been controversial since the advent of the procedure. The perception that alcohol-related liver disease is self-inflicted, combined with concerns about recidivism to alcohol use and poor adherence to post-transplantation care, has led the public and physicians to not support transplantation in patients with alcoholism. After initially avoiding transplantations in this group of patients, the majority of programs now restrict the procedure to those meeting a requirement of a 6-month period of abstinence from alcohol. Unfortunately, a subgroup of patients with severe, acute alcoholic hepatitis has little or no chance of surviving 6 months, . . .
BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF DIPLOCOCCUS INTRACELLULARIS AND GONOCOCCUS
Authors: Martha Wollstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

The most marked differences, exclusive of pathogenic effects in man, between gonococcus and Diplococcus intracellulans are cultural ones, and consist chiefly in abundance of growth and choice of medium. Relatively larger doses of gonococci than of diplococci are required to kill young guinea-pigs, but the lesions are very similar in the two cases, and both organisms lose pathogenic power rapidly when cultivated artificially. Agglutinins, aggressins, protective power, and the amboceptors developed in the serum of immunized animals seem to be largely common to both diplococcus and gonococcus. Neither other Gram negative cocci nor Streptococcus pyogenes have any receptors in common with intracellularis and gonococcus.
Microsomal Prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> Synthase-1 Modulates the Response to Vascular Injury
Authors: Miao Wang, Kaori Ihida-Stansbury, Devashish Kothapalli, Mathieu C. Tamby, Zhou Yu, Lihong Chen, Gregory Grant, Yan Cheng, John A. Lawson, Richard K. Assoian, Peter L. Jones, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Microsomal (m) prostaglandin (PG) E 2 synthase (S)-1 catalyzes the formation of PGE 2 from PGH 2 , a cyclooxygenase product that is derived from arachidonic acid. Previous studies in mice suggest that targeting mPGES-1 may be less likely to cause hypertension or thrombosis than cyclooxygenase-2–selective inhibition or deletion in vivo. Indeed, deletion of mPGES-1 retards atherogenesis and angiotensin II–induced aortic aneurysm formation. The role of mPGES-1 in the response to vascular injury is unknown. Methods and Results— Mice were subjected to wire injury of the femoral artery. Both neointimal area and vascular stenosis were significantly reduced 4 weeks after injury in mPGES-1 knockout mice compared with wild-type controls (65.6±5.7 versus 37.7±5.1×10 3 pixel area and 70.5±13.4% versus 47.7±17.4%, respectively; P &lt;0.01). Induction of tenascin-C, a proproliferative and promigratory extracellular matrix protein, after injury was attenuated in the knockouts. Consistent with in vivo rediversion of PG biosynthesis, mPGES-1–deleted vascular smooth muscle cells generated less PGE 2 but more PGI 2 and expressed reduced tenascin-C compared with wild-type cells. Both suppression of PGE 2 and augmentation of PGI 2 attenuate tenascin-C expression and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Conclusions— Deletion of mPGES-1 in mice attenuates neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury, in part by regulating tenascin-C expression. This raises for consideration the therapeutic potential of mPGES-1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention.
Diseases of the Nervous System: Clinical Neurobiology
Authors: Sidney Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

It is important to recognize that the subtitle of this set of two handsomely bound and printed volumes comes closer to characterizing it than its title. The clinician who samples it briefly without being aware of this is likely to come away bemused, perhaps even offended. The neurological examination and the standard diagnostic techniques of clinical neurology are not covered, and short shrift is given to such matters as the natural history of disease entities. As for clinical judgment—which, though not imparted by any book, is implicitly recognized in the traditional text—it is here ignored by the terse, sometimes flow-sheet-formatted expositions of diagnosis and treatment. One amusing, surely unintentional reflection of the true focus of this book appears in a passage concerned with normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Here, in view of the impossibility of distinguishing the ventricular enlargement in this disorder from that of degenerative disease, it is announced in an unthinking
Advanced Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Emil J. Ganem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

FOURTEEN years have now elapsed since Huggins and his co-workers1 , 2 reported on the treatment of prostatic carcinoma by antiandrogenic methods. Although it has become apparent that orchiectomy or estrogenic hormones or both have failed to cure the disease, it is generally agreed that life is prolonged, pain and suffering are relieved, and the size and consistence of the prostatic neoplasm and often its distant lymphatic, osseous or pulmonic metastases are remarkably influenced in a sufficiently significant percentage of cases to warrant the institution of this treatment in all cases of "advanced" prostatic carcinoma.3 Certainly, for "early" prostatic carcinoma, an attempt . . .
Emerging Applications of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family of Ligands and Receptors in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Anas Younes, Marshall E. Kadin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Abnormalities of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members have been linked to several human diseases, including cancer. Novel treatment strategies for cancer are emerging based on an understanding of the function of TNF family members. The advantage of these strategies is their potential to selectively target cancer cells, while sparing normal cells. Combining these new strategies with currently available treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy is under investigation, with promising results. However, because some TNF family members are toxic to normal mammalian cells when administered systemically, only a few TNF family members have potential therapeutic value. This concise review focuses on the clinical implications of four TNF family members for cancer treatment: CD30/CD30 ligand, CD40/CD40 ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) Apo-2L/TRAIL receptors.
Steroids for Treatment of Shock
Authors: G. E. Breen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Having been using the steroids, not only for shock but for the acute infections, for the past 13 years, I am bewildered by the extraordinary discrepancy between the opinions of various clinicians on this subject, and I feel that we are allowing our patients to suffer, and sometimes die, because of failure to recognize their remarkable capacity to reverse the febrile inflammatory reaction. No doubt much of this is due to a failure to understand the principles governing their use—a situation which I have done my best to remedy in this country. In your editorial "Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome" (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:569 [May 10] 1965) you say "Replacement of steroids in shock is sometimes life-saving when given in massive doses. Levin and Cluff suggest that the treatment of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome in this manner is worth a trial." May I point out that successful treatment of this condition with
The Role of Renin in the Exaggerated Natriuresis of Hypertension
Authors: LAWRENCE R. KRAKOFF, FRANK J. GOODWIN, LESLIE BAER, MANUEL TOMUES, JOHN H. LARAGH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Hypertensive patients were classified according to their plasma renin response when challenged by the potent diuretics, ethacrynic acid (50 mg IV), or furosemide (40 mg IV), into renin-unresponsive and renin-responsive groups. In the latter plasma renin activity rose by at least 0.5 ng of angiotensin/ml/hr after the diuretic. The response to volume expansion with 2 L of isotonic saline infused over 60 min was then studied. Peak rate of sodium excretion after saline loading was 994±186 µEq/min in the renin-unresponsive group and peak urine flow was 11.9 ± 2.1 ml/min. In the renin-responsive hypertensives peak sodium excretion was 448 ± 149 µEq/min and peak urine flow was 5.4 ± 1.5 ml/min. Both the sodium excretion and urine flow responses were significantly higher ( P &lt; 0.05) in the renin-unresponsive group. The degree of saline-induced diuresis and natriuresis was not related to the preexisting level of aldosterone production. Plasma renin changed little in either group during saline infusion but tended to be higher at all times in the renin-responsive subjects. The enhanced capacity of the renin-unresponsive hypertensive subjects to excrete a salt load suggests either a functionally significant degree of extracellular fluid volume expansion or a direct role for renin in the natriuresis accompanying volume expansion.
Metformin-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient With Glucose-6- Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Antopolsky Meir, Yosef Kleinman, Deborah Rund, Nael Da’as
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Metformin-induced hemolytic anemia has been reported only twice. Here we describe another case of hemolysis associated with the initiation of metformin therapy.

A 68-year-old married woman of North-African Jewish descent was admitted to our internal medicine department due to newly diagnosed diabetes, with weakness, presyncope, and blood glucose levels as high as 500 mg/dl. There was no acidosis, HbA1c was 14%, and C-peptide was below normal. A low-sugar diet was started, together with metformin 850 mg t.i.d. and repaglinide 1 mg t.i.d., in addition to ramipril 1.25 mg daily because of albuminuria …
264 COMMON GENETIC VARIATION IN NATURAL KILLER CELL RECEPTOR PROTEIN G2D DOES NOT MODIFY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SPORADIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: C.A. Wadsworth, P.H. Dixon, A.A. Zabron, J.H. Wong, M.H. Chapman, S.C. McKay, D.R. Spalding, S.P. Pereira, H.S. Wasan, H.C. Thomas, S.D. Taylor-Robinson, J.C. Whittaker, C. Williamson, S.A. Khan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Extradural haematoma: effect of delayed treatment.
Authors: G Teasdale, S Galbraith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

to expedite the delivery in only 16 60,, of the trial group compared with 29)0 of the control group.The fetal condition in the epidural series was improved, with 16 1",, having a pH of less than 7 25 compared with 34-3",, of the controls.The improved fetal condition in the second stage was also reflected by the difference in the Apgar scores.We proposed that this improvement in the epidural series resulted from the abolition of the bearing- down reflex, which caused a reduction in maternal expulsive efforts and a consequent improvement in the uteroplacental flow.We have been especially concerned about the well-known premature maternal expulsive efforts that occur in multigravida breech deliveries before full dilatation of the cervix.This is well illustrated in one of our eight patients who did not receive epidural analgesia (no anaesthetist available).This patient, a multigravida, started to bear down before full cervical dilatation, resulting in a traumatic delivery of the after-coming head through an incompletely dilated cervix.The baby died after 24 hours and was found to have an intracranial haemorrhage as a result of bilateral tentorial tears.We believe that a vaginal breech delivery is best achieved with a well-relaxed and cooperative patient with good analgesia, which is superior with an epidural.In addition, we did not see the precipitous spontaneous breech delivery that can often occur in grand multiparity.In conclusion, we agree with Crawford's review and would strongly recommend epidural analgesia in the manage- ment of all vaginal breech deliveries.We have shown that breech extraction is not increased, and the fetal condition, as shown by pH in the second stage of labour and Apgar scores, is greatly improved.
Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function
Authors: R C Henshaw
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and one at the American Forces Madigan Hospital to be built in Seattle) hospital wide projects are being implemented.Individual scientific evaluations of the various components that go to make up PACS are indeed vital but will never predict accurately the performance of a completely integrated system.The Wright brothers could have carried on analysing each individual component of their aeroplane for the rest of their lives, but at the end of the day the only way they could tell whether it would fly was to take to the air.We firmly believe, to pursue this aeronautical metaphor, that the time has come for digital radiology to take off; there will undoubtedly be one or two setbacks, but the fainthearted will remain forever earthbound.
Abstract A12: Differential micro-RNA expression in a multistage 5-fluorouracil resistant colon cancer model
Authors: Robert M. Mader, Matthias Wieser, Walter Berger, Maria Kalipciyan, Matthias Hackl, Guenther G. Steger, Johannes Grillari
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Among small non-coding RNAs, micro-RNAs have demonstrated a variety of essential functions under both physiological and pathological conditions such as cell cycle progression, oncogenic transformation and apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized that micro-RNAs may play a major role in cellular stress adaptation. Methods: To attain this aim, we evaluated a multi-stage colon cancer system with increasing degrees of resistance to the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil by i) differential expression profiling (micro-RNA arrays) and ii) subsequent validation of the candidate RNAs by quantitative PCR. Results: Among 15 differential expressed micro-RNAs in our model system, 9 were confirmed by qPCR and selected for further investigations. Noteworthy, for every level of drug resistance (low, intermediate, and high) specific micro-RNAs were identified indicating an individual response to escalating cytotoxic stress at the molecular level. With regard to micro-RNA functions, our findings point at an involvement - if not a regulatory function - of the recognized micro-RNAs in the following processes (data from the literature): doxorubicin resistance (miR-130a), survival signaling, DNA-oriented stress, and oncogenic properties (all miR-19), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (miR-141 and miR-200), as well as invasion and metastasis (miR-10b). Some of these features are currently under investigation by transfection of the corresponding micro-RNA precursors or antagomirs in the chemoresistant model in order to assess the contribution of the identified micro-RNAs to the resistance phenotype. Conclusions: Previous work from our team has demonstrated the orchestrated response of cancer cells to xenobiotics at the molecular level by global gene expression profiling. The investigated subclones, derived from the metastatic colon cancer cell line CCL 227, were characterized by stage dependent mRNA regulations affecting vital cellular functions such as cytoskeleton, cell-cell communication, signal transduction, cell cycle control and apoptosis. Remarkably, different degrees of chemoresistance addressed different cellular mechanisms, thus providing to the cancer cell the necessary flexibility to adapt to different levels of stress. Likewise, micro-RNAs seem to follow a similar behavior with different micro-RNA patterns reflecting the development of resistance to 5-fluorouracil. As micro-RNAs are very likely to play a decisive role in the cellular response to therapeutic stress, their regulation might offer novel starting points to understand and to oppose drug resistance. This work has been supported by the “Initiative Krebsforschung”, Austria. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A12
Comparison of different outcome measures for psoriatic arthritis in patients treated with infliximab or placebo
Authors: B Vander Cruyssen, F De Keyser, E Kruithof, H Mielants, F Van den Bosch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) shares features with the spondyloarthropathy (SpA) concept and with rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of PsA should target the skin, the SpA-like features and the rheumatoid arthritis-like features of the disease. Effects of treatment can be measured by one index covering different axes at once or by evaluating each axis separately.1 In this analysis, we evaluated different composite indices that have been validated in rheumatoid arthritis and compared them with the Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC).2

The study population consisted of 18 patients with PsA, previously enrolled in a randomised monocentre double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluating effect of infliximab in patients with SpA,3 of whom nine received placebo. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 6, 8 and 12, which included the evaluation of the single components included in the PsARC, the Disease Activity Score using 28 joint counts (DAS28)4 and the DAS response (http://www.das-score.nl). A …
Peripheral Neuritis in Myelomatosis
Authors: R. S. Crow
Journal: BMJ (1956)

In the right hands, the golf swing is a motion that inspires looks of awe from the public. It is a complex movement of the whole body to generate power to a golf ball to propel the ball great distances with accuracy. This movement relies on the coordinated sequence of muscle activation to produce a fluid and reproducible movement. This paper reviews the literature on golf swing related muscle activity. The phases of this activity are discussed with a view to assisting the practitioner in understanding the swing. Such understanding may help in the management of the injured golfer.
SCHIZOPHRENIA ON DUTY
Authors: THEODORE M. BADGLEY, HARRY C. HOLLOWAY, JAMES L. HEDLUND
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

In terms of percentage, given 100 men found to have schizophrenia while in military service and hospitalized at an Army neuropsychiatric treatment center, 93 improved sufficiently to be released to their own care; 25 were returned to active duty; 14 remained on the job until completion of obligated service or for more than 2 years; 12 of these were rated as average or better by the using agency in terms of effective work and adequate social adjustment.