tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins in gel for mid-trimester abortion: a method to minimise nursing involvement.
Authors: D H Smith, H A Twigg, I L Craft
Journal: BMJ (1981)

CommentUse of porcine factor VIII concentrates has previously been severely restricted because of allergic reactions and thrombocytopenia.3Hyate :C is a highly purified preparation of porcine factor VIII that contains only trace amounts of non-factor VIII protein, thus reducing side effects.3Unfortunately, the severe reaction after its use in our patient suggests that, as with other porcine products, allergic reactions that might limit its usefulness may occur.A small test dose should therefore be administered before infusion of therapeutic doses to identify more clearly patients who might be at risk of developing such problems.
Assessing elderly incontinent patients
Authors: P J R Shah, C G Whiteside
Journal: BMJ (1981)

alcoholics with cirrhosis histologically un- related to their alcoholism show a very high percentage (9/15, 60%), significantly higher than that of patients with cirrhosis and alcoholic histological findings (12/45, 27%) (p=0 05).This last percentage is higher than that found among alcoholics with no liver disease (4/40, 10%) but the difference is not statistically significant.Among the healthy population 5% are positives.These results show a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus active infection in alcoholics with cirrhosis without histological signs typical of alcohol-induced liver disease.Although the percentage is also high in the subgroup of alcoholic cirrhosis, it is not significantly different from that in alcoholics with normal livers but the difference from the percentage in healthy controls does reach significance (p= 0-001).Two conclusions can be drawn: (1) In some alcoholics liver disease may be due to hepatitis B virus.(2) In alcohol-induced liver disease it is possible that hepatitis B virus may play a part.
PAVLOV AND PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE
Authors: MARSEILLE SPETZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 February 1968PAVLOV AND PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINEMARSEILLE SPETZ, M.D.MARSEILLE SPETZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-494 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The review by Kollar and Alcalay, "The Physiological Basis for Psychosomatic Medicine" (October 1967) ends with the authors calling for more inquiry into the relevance of Pavlovian psychophysiology. These authors further lament the unavailability of modern Pavlovian experiments to English-speaking researchers.The authors overlooked the excellent reports from the laboratory of the American Pavlovian scientist, W. Horsley Gantt (1). Based on meticulously designed experiments on dogs observed over a period of 15 to 20 years, Gantt has come up with concepts ofschizokinesis(a splitting of the skeletal from the autonomic responses, that is, heart rate and...Reference1. GANTT WH: Bibliography of the Pavlovian laboratory. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and The Psychophysiological Research Laboratory, Veterans Administration Hospital, Perry Point, Md., November 1962, 436 references. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARSEILLE SPETZ, M.D.Affiliations: 3240 Arden Way, Sacramento, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1968Volume 68, Issue 2Page: 494-495KeywordsHeart rateResearch laboratoriesScientists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Albert A. Epstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The most striking feature observed in this study is the extensive variation of the serum in relation to its proteins. It was found that in certain diseases the globulin fraction is markedly increased, whereas the total protein of the serum may be normal, or may fall far below normal in amount. The diseases in which an increase in the globulins takes place may be grouped as follows: (1) cardiac diseases associated with decompensation and serous effusions, (2) pulmonary or respiratory affections of inflammatory or non-inflammatory origin (pneumonia, emphysema, polycythemia), (3) diabetes mellitus, and (4) parenchymatous nephritis. In the serum of chronic parenchymatous nephritis the increase in the globulin content is most pronounced and may constitute nearly all the protein, or as much as 95 per cent. The globulin content of serum is normal or diminished in the following diseases: (1) simple achylia gastrica (short duration), (2) tuberculosis, (3) diabetes insipidus, and (4) chronic interstitial nephritis. Other ingredients of the sera analyzed showed variations which cannot be definitely classified; but in a general way it appears upon careful analysis that an accumulation of water and salt occurs in those diseases in which the globulin fraction of the blood serum is increased.
PRESENTATION OF THE JOHN PHILLIPS MEMORIAL PRIZE TO DR. WILLIAM CASTLE
Authors: F. M. POTTENGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 July 1933PRESENTATION OF THE JOHN PHILLIPS MEMORIAL PRIZE TO DR. WILLIAM CASTLEF. M. POTTENGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.F. M. POTTENGER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-1-1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedicine is an unfolding science. Great advances have been made by few; but the real test of our profession is its ability to follow its leaders.Doctor Castle, it has been your good fortune not only to be a follower in the first ranks, but to push forward into the unknown. Your work on the anemias has added organized knowledge where but a short while ago ignorance blocked our way. Your work has rendered so great a service to Medicine that the Committee on the John Phillips Memorial Prize of The American College of Physicians has designated it worthy of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American College of Physicians Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastric Biopsy in the Megaloblastic AnaemiasDie Krankheiten des MagensDie Erkrankungen des erythrocytären SystemsFluorescenzphänomen und Porphyringehalt der ErythrocytenSOME DEFICIENCIES OF NUTRITION AND THEIR RELATION TO DISEASEDie Krankheiten des MagensThe Liver Principle Active in Pernicious AnæmiaThe Etiology of Pernicious and Related Macrocytic AnemiasPhysiologie und Pathologie des AntiperniciosaprinzipsAllergy in clinical tuberculosis 1 July 1933Volume 7, Issue 1Page: 1-1KeywordsAnemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Risk of Cervical Cancer in Teen-aged Girls
Authors: William M. Christopherson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

CONSIDERABLE INTEREST was aroused by Ferguson's report, in the latter part of 1961, of an extraordinary large number of "positive cancer smears in teen-age girls."<sup>1</sup>The author pointed out that a cervical cell study should be included in their pelvic examination. However, our data on the prevalence of "positive cancer smears" in teen-aged girls differ so extremely from Ferguson's report, that I thought it important to record this conflicting experience, and place the relative risk in its proper perspective. <h3>Material</h3> We have performed cervical cell studies on 5,061 girls 19 years of age or less. Many have been studied at yearly intervals. Of these patients, 86% were medically indigent. The remainder worked in industry (290), or were private patients (438). (We have previously reported on the prevalence of cervical cancer in this low-income group as a whole.<sup>2</sup>) The vast majority of cells studied were obtained from patients in
Regulation of adiponectin receptor expression in human liver and a hepatocyte cell line
Authors: Akiko Shimizu, Toshinari Takamura, Naoto Matsuzawa, Seiji Nakamura, Satoko Nabemoto, Yumie Takeshita, Hirofumi Misu, Seiichiro Kurita, Masaru Sakurai, Masayoshi Yokoyama, Yoh Zen, Motoko Sasaki, Yasuni Nakanuma, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
SERIAL HIP BONE MINERAL DENSITY MEASUREMENTS TO DETECT INTERVAL CHANGES DURING THE COURSE OF MONITORING METABOLIC BONE DISEASES
Authors: J. J.S. Chen, N. D. LaFrance, J. K. Rhine, H. N. Wagner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Serial spinal bone mineral density (BMD) measurements to detect interval changes frequently influence management decisions in patients with metabolic bone diseases. To evaluate the role of serial hip BMD measurements, BMD of both spine and hip was measured serially by dual photon absorptiometry in 50 patients with metabolic bone diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa, hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, steroid use, GnRH therapy and chronic low protein intake. Interval changes in BMD in the femoral neck (FN), Ward's triangle (WT) and trochanteric region (TR) of the hip were compared with changes in L2-L4. Serial studies with intervals of 10.0 ± 3.6 months (mean ± SD) were analyzed with the same software by the same operator. Differences greater than 6% were considered to be significant interval changes. No significant interval changes in both spine and hip were found in 12 patients. Concordant increases or decreases in both sites were seen in 11 subjects. In 25 patients, changes were seen only in the hip, while in 2 subjects changes were found only in the spine. L2-L4 alone and hip alone detected changes in 26% and 72% of patients, respectively. Among three regions of the hip, FN alone, WT alone and TR alone showed changes in 32%, 50% and 28% of patients, respectively. Our data showed hip is more sensitive than spine in detecting interval changes. We suggest hip BMD be routinely included in serial BMD studies during the course of monitoring metabolic bone diseases.
Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Barry A. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The first hospital  care  evolved in the 1930s for managing poliomyelitis victims. After World War II special nursing and monitoring units developed for postanesthetic recovery and coronary care. Rapid scientific and technological advances in the past 30 years have led to the presence of surgical and medical intensive care units (ICUs) in most hospitals.  This relocation of patients with critical care needs to common areas has been reported to be associated with improved patient care and survival. 1-4 The reasons for such benefits include (1) advancements in medical technology for physiological monitoring; (2) improvements in the medical and surgical therapy of life-threatening disease; (3) availability of specially trained nurses and allied health personnel who, with concentrated exposure to such patients, have become highly proficient in their care; and (4) availability of physicians with special interest and training in the management of such patients. 5-9   Certification  On Sept 19,
GMC's revalidation plans don't tackle problem of poorly performing doctors, MPs say
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Research supports the use of exercise to improve quality of life and reduce the side effects of breast cancer treatment, such as fatigue and decreased aerobic capacity. Previously published reviews have focused on reporting the outcomes of exercise interventions, but have not critically examined the exercise prescriptions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescriptions reported in intervention studies for breast cancer survivors. <h3>Methods</h3> Databases were searched for randomised controlled trials of exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Data were extracted to evaluate the application of the principles of exercise training, the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription and the reporting of adherence to the exercise prescription. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 29 papers included, none applied all principles of exercise training. Specificity was applied by 64%, progression by 41%, overload by 31%, initial values by 62% and diminishing returns and reversibility by 7% of trials. No study reported all components of the exercise prescription. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The application of the principles of exercise training varied greatly, and reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed was incomplete. When principles of exercise training are applied to the development of exercise protocols, there is greater confidence that non-significant findings reflect lack of efficacy of exercise rather than deficiencies in the prescription. Incomplete reporting of the exercise prescription and adherence to the prescription limits the reproducibility of the intervention, and the ability to determine the dose of exercise received by participants.
Genetics of Hypertension, Target-Organ Complications, and Response to Therapy
Authors: S. T. Turner, E. Boerwinkle
Journal: Circulation (2000)

This issue of Circulation honors extraordinary achievements in cardiovascular disease research during the past half century and their impact on the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. One area of particularly noteworthy advancement has been that of hypertension, the most prevalent risk factor for diseases of the heart, brain, and kidneys and one of the most common indications for prescription medications. Because essential hypertension, defined by systolic blood pressure levels ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure levels ≥90 mm Hg, was the subject of a comprehensive 2-part review recently published in Circulation ,1 2 this article will focus on 3 frontiers of hypertension research that are undergoing particularly rapid advancement and are poised to experience further profound developments with completion of the Human Genome Project.3 These areas include new understanding of the genetic causes of hypertension, the genetic susceptibility to target-organ complications, and the pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive therapy. In each of these areas, our objectives are to review present knowledge by highlighting salient findings and to suggest where future advancements are likely to improve the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of hypertension.

Previous studies have yielded consistent and significant estimates of the genetic contribution to interindividual differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. For example, in a sample of 1266 individuals in 278 non-Hispanic white pedigrees, the heritability of systolic blood pressure level (that is, the proportion of interindividual variation attributable to genetic differences among individuals) was estimated to be 0.37.4 Similar values have been reported for diastolic blood pressure level.5 Contemporary genetics research has advanced from the general recognition that “genes are involved” to identifying and characterizing specific contributing genes and gene variants.

Blood pressure levels are controlled by a complex combination of processes that influence cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. …
Valsartan Restores Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Function With No Appreciable Effect on Resting Cardiac Function in Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Shinichi Okuda, Masafumi Yano, Masahiro Doi, Tetsuro Oda, Takahiro Tokuhisa, Masateru Kohno, Shigeki Kobayashi, Takeshi Yamamoto, Tomoko Ohkusa, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Although angiotensin II receptor blockade is considered to be useful for the treatment of human heart failure, little beneficial hemodynamic effect has been shown in some experimental failing hearts. In this study, we assessed the effect of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, defectiveness of which is a major pathogenic mechanism in heart failure.SR vesicles were isolated from dog left ventricular muscle (normal or exposed to 4-week rapid ventricular pacing with or without valsartan). In the untreated and valsartan-treated paced dogs, cardiac function showed similar deterioration (compared with before pacing). However, both the density of beta-receptors and the contractile response to dobutamine were greater in the valsartan-treated paced dogs than in the untreated paced dogs. In untreated paced hearts, the ryanodine receptor was protein kinase A-hyperphosphorylated, showed an abnormal Ca2+ leak, and had a decreased amount of ryanodine receptor-bound FKBP12.6. No such phenomena were seen in the valsartan-treated paced hearts. Both the SR Ca2+ uptake function and the amount of Ca2+-ATPase were decreased in the untreated failing SR, but both were restored in the valsartan-treated SR.During the development of pacing-induced heart failure, valsartan preserved the density of beta-receptors and concurrently restored SR function without improving resting cardiac function.
<i>HER2</i> Signatures in Breast Cancer: Ready to Go to Print?
Authors: Pieter J.A. Eichhorn, José Baselga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that is currently being classified into at least four main classes: basal-like, which is primarily progesterone receptor (PR) negative, estrogen receptor (ER) negative, and HER2 negative (ie, triple negative); luminal A (ER positive and low grade); luminal B (ER positive and high grade); and HER2 positive. 1Diagnosis of these subtypes is based on gene expression profiles and on traditional clinical and pathologic parameters, such as the status of ER, PR, and HER2, as well as histologic grade and the presence of specific proliferation markers.However, the ability of these criteria to predict disease progression or metastasis is imperfect, especially in tumors with intermediate histologic grade or intermediate ER expression.As such, clinicians are increasingly looking further into gene expression profiling to aid in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of the tumor.Recently, a number of studies linking gene expression profiles to clinical outcome in breast cancer have been demonstrated to outperform all of the known clinicopathologic parameters.This has lead to the clinical development of some of these signatures.For example, Mammaprint (Agendia, Huntington Beach, CA) has received US Food and Drug Administration approval to aid in the prognosis of patients with node-negative disease.Using DNA microarrays, this assay measures the expression of 70 genes and calculates a prognostic score that classifies the patients into a good or poor prognosis. 2,3Similarly, Oncotype DX (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA), which has received endorsement from the American Society of Clinical Oncology for classifying patients with ER-positive, node-negative disease treated with tamoxifen, analyzes the expression of 21 known cancer-related genes using quantitative reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction. 4The Oncotype DX system categorizes these measurements into a quantitative recurrence score to classify patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk, or high-risk groups.Although many gene expression signatures provide a link between diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcome in a substantial subset of breast cancers, present genomic signatures add only modest prognostic information for patients overexpressing HER2, who are usually classified as high risk in these signatures.The HER2 gene is amplified or overexpressed in 15% to 20% of invasive breast carcinomas and results in increased metastatic potential and poor clinical outcome. 5,6However, HER2-positive breast cancer is hardly a homogeneous disease, because a proportion of patients do not experience relapse or have a protracted clinical course.Likewise, although the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin, Roche
LINEAR NEVI.A FEW CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN REFERENCE TO NEVI IN PARTICULAR AND TO DERMATOLOGY IN GENERAL.
Authors: M. L. HEIDINGSFELD
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Inasmuch as the entire subject of nevi is still a dermatologic dark Africa, and linear nevus forms an intricate and obscure division, I will endeavor to confine myself in this paper to a few brief, chiefly histologic considerations, and their application to linear nevi in particular and dermatology in general. So many anomalies, e. g., pigmentations, albinism, hirsuties, angiomata, teratomata, keratomata, atheromata, port-wine stains, defects, etc., are included under the technical term nevus, that it is unfortunate that its original lay character should have acquired scientific value. Additional confusion has attended this unfortunate interchange of terms, by the fact that identical lesions escape classification if their distribution is general instead of limited, and that their development need not be coincident with birth, but months or even years after. Linear nevi not only share in the confusion which attaches itself to nevi
Income distribution and life expectancy.
Authors: R. G. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The relationship between income distribution and mortality is explored using data from published sources.  Specifically the author attempts to investigate the cross sectional relation between income distribution and mortality and its possible interactions with gross national product per head and to assess whether changes in income distribution over time are related to changes in mortality in developed countries. He concludes that there is clear evidence of a strong relation between a societys income distribution and the average life expectancy of its population.  (EXCERPT)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis — a wolf in sheep’s clothing
Authors: Elizabeth P. Henske, Francis X. McCormack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive lung disease of women. LAM is caused by mutations in the tuberous sclerosis genes, resulting in activation of the mTOR complex 1 signaling network. Over the past 11 years, there has been remarkable progress in the understanding of LAM and rapid translation of this knowledge to an effective therapy. LAM pathogenic mechanisms mirror those of many forms of human cancer, including mutation, metabolic reprogramming, inappropriate growth and survival, metastasis via blood and lymphatic circulation, infiltration/invasion, sex steroid sensitivity, and local and remote tissue destruction. However, the smooth muscle cell that metastasizes, infiltrates, and destroys the lung in LAM arises from an unknown source and has an innocent histological appearance, with little evidence of proliferation. Thus, LAM is as an elegant, monogenic model of neoplasia, defying categorization as either benign or malignant.