tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo appearances of gallbladder carcinoma under magnifying endoscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy after endosonographic gallbladder drainage
Authors: Anthony Teoh, Anthony Chan, Philip Chiu, James Lau
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

An 87-year-old man with multiple medical co-morbidities was admitted for right upper quadrant pain and fever. Computed tomography showed a distended gallbladder with gallstones and pericholecystic fluid compatible with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. There was no gallbladder mass. Since the patient had sepsis and was unfit for surgery, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) drainage of the gallbladder was performed with a lumen-apposing stent (10 × 15 mm, AXIOS; Xlumena, Mountain View, California, USA) as an alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy ([Fig. 1 a, b]). The patient had an uneventful recovery.
Blood lymphocyte subsets in rats with adjuvant arthritis.
Authors: A Franch, C Castellote, M Castell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To determine the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes during the time-course of adjuvant arthritis (AA) to detect alterations that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the arthritic process. Phenotype analysis was performed on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after arthritis induction using monoclonal antibodies to CD5, CD4 and CD8 subsets, and flow cytometry. The proportion of activated lymphocytes and lymphocytes was also assessed with monoclonal antibodies to IL-2R (CD25), to Ia antigen and by polyclonal antibodies to rat Ig. Adjuvant arthritis produced leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Rats with AA showed a marked increase in the number of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The ratio CD4/CD8 decreased because the rise in CD8+ cells was more pronounced than the increase in CD4+ cells. Changes in lymphocyte counts showed two well-defined periods: the first, from day 14 to day 28, during which the inflammation of the joints reached a maximum and changes in lymphocyte subsets were more pronounced, that is, there was a threefold increase in CD8+ lymphocytes over normal counts, and the second, from day 42 to day 70, in which modified parameters improved considerably but remained different from controls. Alterations were detected in the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes in AA, which provides an additional marker of disease activity.
984-27 Arterial Remodeling Contributes to Restenosis After Angioplasty, but is Prevented by Stenting in the Atherosclerotic Micropig
Authors: Mark J. Post, Bart J. de Smet, Yvonne J. van der Helm, Richard E. Kuntz, Cornelius Borst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Congenital PCB poisoning: a reevaluation.
Authors: R W Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A review of the literature reveals a need to clarify the pathologic physiology of congenital polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning, which is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, brown staining of the skin and mucous membranes, as in Addison's disease, natal teeth, widely open fontanelles and sagittal suture and apparent overgrowth of the gingiva. The skull abnormalities may represent irregular calcification, with natal teeth appearing because the bone of the mandible is penetrated more easily than usual. Some fetuses were poisoned at the time the mothers ingested the oil; others were affected in the subsequent years from residual contamination in the mothers' bodies. The misadventure in Japan was repeated in Taiwan in 1979. The seven congenital cases in Taiwan reported thus far seem to differ from those in Japan. In Taiwan the noses were somewhat black, two of the infants did not have low birth weight and the osseous abnormalities of the skull and gingival hyperplasia were not observed. Systematic followup studies should be made in Taiwan of the children born within 2 years of maternal poisoning with PCBs. Special attention should be given to age at first dentition and skull X-rays for spotty calcification, among other measures of physical, neurologic and intellectual development.
Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Sporadic Ventricular Ectopic Arrhythmias
Authors: MICHAEL V. JELINEK, LEIF LOHRBAUER, BERNARD LOWN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Exercise stress testing and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring have been employed to evaluate antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with sporadic ventricular ectopic arrhythmias (VEA). Twenty-three patients with often recurring VEA were exercised 123 times and subjected to 66 ambulatory monitoring sessions during control periods and while receiving either procaine amide or quinidine. Two dose schedules were employed; procaine amide, 3.0 and 6.0 g daily and quinidine, 1.2 and 1.8 g daily. Though adequate and even high drug blood levels were reached, an effective antiarrhythmic response was observed in only eight patients receiving procaine amide and in seven of those taking quinidine. These modest successful results were associated with a high incidence of troublesome adverse effects which were noted in 11 patients receiving procaine amide and six of those receiving quinidine. It is concluded that these antiarrhythmic drugs should not be employed in the patient with episodic VEA unless the arrhythmias are symptomatic and are clearly life-threatening.
Treatment by Plasma Exchange of a Patient with Autoantibodies to the Insulin Receptor
Authors: Michele Muggeo, Jeffrey S. Flier, Ross A. Abrams, Len C. Harrison, Albert B. Deisserroth, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

WE recently described two groups of patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes and acanthosis nigricans.1 In these patients the defect of insulin action could be correlated with markedly abnor...
Free holiday is offered to volunteers willing to test diarrhoea vaccine
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Summary</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (<i>ACE2</i>) serves as the host receptor for SARS-CoV-2, with a critical role in viral infection. We aim to understand population level variation of nasopharyngeal <i>ACE2</i> expression in people tested for COVID-19 and the relationship between <i>ACE2</i> expression and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load, while adjusting for expression of the complementary protease, Transmembrane serine protease 2 (<i>TMPRSS2)</i>, soluble <i>ACE2</i>, age, and biological sex. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional study of n=424 participants aged 1-104 years referred for COVID-19 testing was performed in British Columbia, Canada. Participants who tested negative or positive for COVID-19 were matched by age and biological sex. Viral and host gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression were performed to understand the role of nasopharyngeal <i>ACE2</i> expression in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The <i>ACE2</i> gene was targeted to measure expression of transmembrane and soluble transcripts. <h3>Findings</h3> Analysis shows no association between age and nasopharyngeal <i>ACE2</i> expression in those who tested negative for COVID-19 (P=0·092). Mean expression of transmembrane (P=1·2e-4), soluble <i>ACE2</i> (P&lt;0·0001) and <i>TMPRSS2</i> (P&lt;0·0001) differed between COVID-19-negative and -positive groups. In bivariate analysis of COVID-19-positive participants, expression of transmembrane <i>ACE2</i> positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load (P&lt;0·0001), expression of soluble <i>ACE2</i> negatively correlated (P&lt;0·0001), and no correlation was found with <i>TMPRSS2 (P=</i>0·694<i>)</i>. Multivariable analysis showed that the greatest viral RNA loads were observed in participants with high transmembrane <i>ACE2</i> expression (<i>B</i>=0·886, 95%CI:[0·596 to 1·18]), while expression of soluble <i>ACE2</i> may protect against high viral RNA load in the upper respiratory tract (<i>B</i>= −0·0990, 95%CI:[−0·176 to −0·0224]). <h3>Interpretation</h3> Nasopharyngeal <i>ACE2</i> expression plays a dual, contrasting role in SARS-CoV-2 infection of the upper respiratory tract. Transmembrane <i>ACE2</i> positively correlates, while soluble <i>ACE2</i> negatively correlates with viral RNA load after adjusting for age, biological sex and expression of TMPRSS2. <h3>Funding</h3> This project (COV-55) was funded by Genome British Columbia as part of their COVID-19 rapid response initiative.
Competition between α-actinin and Ca2+-Calmodulin Controls Surface Retention of the L-type Ca2+ Channel CaV1.2
Authors: Duane D. Hall, Shuiping Dai, Pang-Yen Tseng, Zulfiqar Malik, Minh Nguyen, Lucas Matt, Katrin Schnizler, Andrew Shephard, Durga P. Mohapatra, Fuminori Tsuruta, Ricardo E. Dolmetsch, Carl J. Christel, Amy Lee, Alain Burette, Richard J. Weinberg, Johannes W. Hell
Journal: Neuron (2013)
S9. Proffered paper: Identification of novel immune checkpoints as targets for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: G Cojocaru, G Rotman, O Levy, A Toporik, L Dassa, I Vaknin, S Sameah-Greenwald, I Barbiro, E Neria, Z Levine
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Members of the B7/CD28 family of immune checkpoints, such as CTLA4, PD1 and PDL-1, play critical roles in T cell regulation and have emerged as promising drug targets for cancer immunotherapy. We hypothesize that additional novel members of the B7/CD28 family play a role as
Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Camilla Krogh
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Pyloric stenosis is the most common condition requiring surgery in the first months of life. Case reports have suggested familial aggregation, but to what extent this is caused by common environment or inheritance is unknown.To investigate familial aggregation of pyloric stenosis from monozygotic twins to fourth-generation relatives according to sex and maternal and paternal contributions and to estimate disease heritability.Population-based cohort study of 1,999,738 children born in Denmark between 1977 and 2008 and followed up for the first year of life, during which 3362 children had surgery for pyloric stenosis.Familial aggregation of pyloric stenosis, evaluated by rate ratios.The incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) of pyloric stenosis in the first year of life was 1.8 for singletons and 3.1 for twins. The rate ratios of pyloric stenosis were 182 (95% confidence interval [CI], 70.7-467) for monozygotic twins, 29.4 (95% CI, 9.45-91.5) for dizygotic twins, 18.5 (95% CI, 13.7-25.1) for siblings, 4.99 (95% CI, 2.59-9.65) for half-siblings, 3.06 (95% CI, 2.10-4.44) for cousins, and 1.60 (95% CI, 0.51-4.99) for half-cousins. We found no difference in rate ratios for maternal and paternal relatives of children with pyloric stenosis and no difference according to sex of cohort member or sex of relative. The heritability of pyloric stenosis was 87%.Pyloric stenosis in Danish children shows strong familial aggregation and heritability.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma: a clinicopathological review of 14 cases with reference to antidesmin staining and nuclear DNA patterns studied by flow cytometry
Authors: G. F. OLIVER, H. M. REIMAN, N. J. GONCHOROFF, S. A. MULLER, I. J. UMBERT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Among 14 patients (11 female and three male) with cutaneous and subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas, metastatic spread occurred in six of the 13 patients with adequate follow-up. The tumours were classified with regard to tumour grade, number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields, reactivity to antidesmin antibodies, and DNA pattern as assessed by flow cytometry. Antidesmin antibody staining was present in only six cases and seemed to be less common in the higher-grade tumours. The DNA pattern was aneuploid in five cases and non-classifiable in one case: all of these cases had metastatic spread. None of the eight remaining diploid cases had metastatic spread. DNA content was a strong predictor of metastatic potential.
The IRP1-HIF-2α Axis Coordinates Iron and Oxygen Sensing with Erythropoiesis and Iron Absorption
Authors: Sheila A. Anderson, Christopher P. Nizzi, Yuan-I. Chang, Kathryn M. Deck, Paul J. Schmidt, Bruno Galy, Alisa Damnernsawad, Aimee T. Broman, Christina Kendziorski, Matthias W. Hentze, Mark D. Fleming, Jing Zhang, Richard S. Eisenstein
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Use of the sirolimus-eluting Bx VELOCITYtmstent for failed brachytherapy in recurrent in-stent restenosis: Results from the SECURE Registry
Authors: Paul S. Teirstein, John Kao, Theodore A. Bass, Marco A. Costa, Steven Yakubov, Andrew J. Carter, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Tim A. Fischell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Party for NHS says it will meet funding gap of 30bn by 2020
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The National Health Action Party has promised to increase funding to the NHS in England with an immediate cash injection of £4.5bn (€6.3bn; $6.6bn) by raising income tax by a penny in the pound, followed by a level of funding sufficient to meet the £30bn NHS funding gap by 2020.

In its manifesto, released on 15 April, the party said that NHS funding needed to match that of health spending in other industrialised countries. Currently it is the lowest of all the G7 richest countries.

As well as bolstering the NHS budget, the party said that it would also abolish competition between parts of the NHS, which it estimated would save £4.5bn a year. The internal market would be replaced by cooperation and collaboration. Privatisation would have no …
Artificial Surfactant (Surfactant TA) Modulates Adherence and Superoxide Production of Neutrophils
Authors: AKIRA SUWABE, KAZUHISA OTAKE, NAOSHI YAKUWA, HIROKI SUZUKI, MIYUKI ITO, HITONOBU TOMOIKE, YASUSHI SAITO, KEIJI TAKAHASHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Neutrophils cause lung injuries by releasing proteases and active oxygen radicals in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Artificial surfactant is used to replace native surfactant whose functions are deteriorated by serum-derived inhibitors in these patients. We investigated potential interactions between exogenous surfactant (Surfactant TA) and neutrophils in in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Neutrophil alveolitis was induced in hamster lungs by the intratracheal administration of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) on Day 0. Some of the animals were followed by replacement with Surfactant TA (5 and 10 mg/100 g body weight) on Day 1. Alveolar cells were harvested by lung lavage on Day 2. The numbers of the neutrophils obtained from the lungs treated with bleomycin and Surfactant TA were unchanged, but the superoxide production from these cells was significantly decreased when compared with control animals (no Surfactant TA). From the in vitro experiments, Surfactant TA was shown to inhibit adherence and superoxide production of human neutrophils. These effects were derived from the heat-resistant components of Surfactant TA and were mimicked by treatment with liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Surfactant-TA-treated neutrophils were demonstrated to have picnotic nuclei and to express Fas antigens, which were characteristic of apoptotic cells. These results suggest that exogenous Surfactant TA may play an important role not only in improving surfactant functions but in preventing neutrophils from further activation, probably through enhancing apoptosis.
Development and validation of a simplified predictive index for major complications in contemporary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty practice
Authors: Stephen E. Kimmel, Jesse A. Berlin, Brian L. Strom, Warren K. Laskey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study was designed to determine the preprocedural risk factors for major complications (emergent coronary bypass surgery, myocardial infarction or death) of coronary angioplasty and to derive and validate a simplified index that predicts patients' a priori risk of complications. Previous studies of risk factors for complications after coronary angioplasty may not be generalizable to current, broad-based angioplasty practice. Furthermore, to our knowledge a clinically useful predictive index has not been derived and independently validated. From data collected prospectively for the Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions for 1992, multivariable logistic regression was used to determine which variables were independently associated with complications in 10,622 first angioplasty procedures. Stepwise regression and receiver operating characteristic curves then were used in this registry to develop a predictive index for complications that was validated using 5,250 first angioplasty procedures in the 1993 registry. Predictors of major complications were multivessel disease, unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, type C lesion or left main angioplasty, shock, age, geographic region and absence of previous coronary bypass surgery. The derived predictive index consisted of the first six of these variables plus aortic valve disease and classified patients into four risk groups: low (1.3% complications), moderate (2.8%), high (12.7%) and very high (29.7%) risk. This index demonstrated consistent reliability and discriminatory ability when applied to the 1993 data. Predictors of major complications identified in selected populations also apply currently in broad-based practice. From these variables, a predictive index can stratify patients into risk groups before angioplasty, thus aiding in risk assessment, resource allocation and risk adjustment.
Aggressive subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma with hemophagocytosis in two children (subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma)
Authors: Mark Jean-Aan Koh, Sapna P. Sadarangani, Yuin-Chew Chan, Mei-Yoke Chan, Ah-Moy Tan, Suat-Hoon Tan, Yong-Kwang Tay, Siok-Bian Ng
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Pharmacologic effects of autacoids on subsets of T cells. Regulation of expression/function of histamine-2 receptors by a subset of suppressor cells.
Authors: M M Khan, P Sansoni, E G Engleman, K L Melmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Autacoids (principally histamine, beta adrenergic catecholamines, and prostaglandins E and A) have only recently been recognized as substantive moderators of a number of immune functions. If autacoids are to be considered as potential therapeutic immunomodulators, it is necessary to understand their effects on subsets of T cells while they are and are not in contact with each other. This report demonstrates that autacoid receptors are nonrandomly distributed on phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of human T cells. Each human T cell subset responded to both histamine and isoproterenol, but the dose response curve and maximal efficacy varied widely between the subsets. The suppressor T cells were more responsive to both histamine and isoproterenol than helper/inducer T cells (TH) or cytotoxic T cells (Tc). We found that after mitogenic stimulation the response to histamine, but not isoproterenol, was greatly increased only in TH (Leu 3+) and Tc (Leu 2+, 9.3+) subsets, and that this effect may be regulated by suppressor T cells (Leu 2+, 9.3-). The dramatic rise in cAMP accumulation in response to histamine in mitogen-treated TH and Tc was totally blocked by an H2 antagonist (cimetidine), but not by an H1 antagonist (mepyramine). These findings indicate interdependence of (a) immunologically uncommitted subsets in their response to selected drugs, and (b) control of basal- and autacoid-induced cAMP production, as well as (c) increased qualitative and quantitative selectivity, which is caused by mitogen. If we had performed these experiments only on unseparated cells we would not have observed the remarkable selectivity of autacoid effects on subsets of T cells.
Congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations: clinical application of a simple anatomical approach in 25 cases.
Authors: B S Clements, J O Warner, E A Shinebourne
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Congenital malformations of the bronchopulmonary airway and related arterial blood supply are a complex group of lesions in which abnormalities of venous drainage and lung parenchyma may coexist. Twenty five cases have been analysed, by a method whereby each anatomical component is separately considered. All 25 patients had abnormalities of the tracheobronchial tree, with no connection to the abnormal segment in nine cases. The aberrant arterial blood supply was single in 16 cases and multiple in nine cases, one patient from the latter group having a mixed pulmonary and systemic arterial supply to a part of the abnormal segment. Seventeen patients had anomalous venous drainage. In nine of these the vein or veins (they were multiple in four cases) drained the major part or the whole of the lung, whereas the aberrant arterial supply was limited to the right lower zone--that is, mismatched anomalous venous drainage. Abnormalities of lung parenchyma included changes within the lesion (for example, cysts, foregut inclusions) and associated abnormalities of surrounding lung (for example, hypoplasia, abnormal lobation). This information, together with the clinical features and haemodynamic data, was found to be essential for decisions on appropriate management. Patients presenting in infancy with haemodynamic disturbance continue to present major management problems (50% mortality), particularly if there are associated congenital heart defects. The role of aberrant systemic artery occlusion or ligation as a first stage procedure is well established in patients with haemodynamic abnormalities. There may be a place for this procedure in selected patients who have no haemodynamic disturbance at presentation.
ON012380, a putative BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action in imatinib-resistant cells
Authors: J Wu, F Meng, Y Ying, Z Peng, L Daniels, W G Bornmann, A Quintás-Cardama, D Roulston, M Talpaz, L F Peterson, N J Donato
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: J.-P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The hereditary transmission of psoriasis is suggested by epidemiological data and familial association, but remains incompletely defined, not appearing to follow simple autosomal dominant or recessive patterns. The confusion may be due to a multifactorial inheritance, or to inheritance of only a 'predisposition' to disease which requires an environmental stimuli for expression. Recent advances in genetic mapping indicate genetic heterogeneity, and suggest that definition of psoriasis at the level of the gene may soon be possible. Two of the three major pathogenic features of psoriasis—abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes—are secondary to altered growth and maturation kinetics related to the normal wound healing process. The third major pathogenic feature—infiltration of inflammatory components into the skin—can be explained by keratinocyte release of a wide variety of cytokines, immune and inflammatory modulators. Three theories have been proposed for the relationship between epidermal keratinocyte and immunocyte activation. The first theory proposes direct activation of epidermal keratinocytes by physical, chemical, or ultraviolet injury, increasing the synthesis and release of cytokines. which trigger T-lymphocyte activation in an antigen-independent fashion. The other two theories propose persistent T-lymphocyte stimulation as a result of either antigen/superantigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, or as a result of autoreactivity. One or more of these mechanisms may he operative in different patients, at different times, or in response to different environmental stimuli. Also, the genetic heterogeneity of psoriasis suggests that different mechanisms could be linked to different genetic loci. Advances in understanding the aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis suggest the possibility of innovative, targeted therapies.