tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Savvas Nicolaou, Nizar A. Al-Nakshabandi, Nestor L. Müller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Soon after returning from Hong Kong, a previously healthy 48-year-old man began to have fever, malaise, dyspnea, and a nonproductive cough. His temperature was 38.5°C (101.3°F), and his arterial oxygen saturation was 92 percent while he was breathing room air. Laboratory tests revealed elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, a normal white-cell count, and lymphopenia. He was treated with oxygen, intravenous ribavirin, prednisone, and levofloxacin. He was in stable condition one week after treatment.An initial computed radiograph of the chest showed hazy opacities with a ground-glass appearance in the right upper and left lower lobes (Panel A, arrows). High-resolution . . .
Report of Relief Committee of Physicians of San Francisco.
Authors: Emmet Rixford
Journal: JAMA (1906)

San Francisco, Oct. 25, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I regret to notice that in its report, published inThe Journal, Oct. 20, 1906, page 1311, the relief committee of physicians of San Francisco has omitted numerous contributions of books and surgical instruments made by physicians in various parts of the United States. I would mention also that the firm of Saunders &amp; Co., of Philadelphia, donated books to the value of about $1,200. The instrument dealers and book dealers of San Francisco made liberal discounts, practically to the value of their own commissions, for the benefit of physicians accredited by the physicians' committee. The above gifts were appreciated by the physicians quite as much as contributions in money.
SUBSTITUTE FOR URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Mordant E. Peck
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Occasionally it becomes desirable to develop a new outlet for urinary drainage. The indications for such an operation are not numerous but have been increasing in scope with our ability to perform successfully more extensive and radical surgical resections. Currently the most commonly used procedure is ureterosigmoidal anastomosis; however, the incidence of obstruction and ascending infection among adults is high with this procedure, and at best it has not proved to be ideal. Surgeons have made numerous attempts in the past to create an artificial substitute for the bladder, hoping thereby to overcome difficulties inherent in the transplantation of the ureters to the bowel, which is left in continuity. Gilchrist described a procedure in which the terminal ileum and ascending colon were isolated and the ileocecal valve was utilized as a sphincter mechanism.<sup>1</sup>This report reviews the subject of substitutes for the urinary bladder and describes our experiences with
Statement From AMA's General Counsel
Authors: Kirk B. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The statement on the opposite page is an order issued last month by federal District Judge Susan Getzendanner in an antitrust case that four chiropractors brought against the American Medical Association (AMA) entitled<i>Wilk et al. v. AMA.</i>The judge found that the AMA had violated the antitrust laws with respect to those chiropractors and she required, among other things, that her order be published in<i>JAMA</i>. The AMA is appealing this order. See also p 81. The AMA defended this case on the ground that our positions on chiropractic were based on a genuine concern for patients—not on economic gain or anticompetitive motive. Significantly, the judge agreed. She found, however, that the AMA's former statement that declared it unethical to associate with chiropractors because they were unscientific practitioners had been too broad. For the last decade, the AMA's ethical guidelines have left it up to individual physicians to judge
Why the Queen's Speech on 19 May should include a bill to reinstate the NHS in England
Authors: Allyson M Pollock, Peter Roderick
Journal: BMJ (2015)

US healthcare “solutions” are the death knell for the NHS 

The Health and Social Care Act 2012 marked the end of the NHS in England. But you wouldn’t know it from the election debates, as cries for more funding compete with differing claims about privatisation. Politicians seem to be deliberately avoiding the elephant in the room.

This isn’t surprising. At the last election the Tories remained silent about their plans to break up the NHS, knowing full well that most people would reject them. The coalition agreement reneged on its promise to protect the NHS. Labour is still in denial about the consistent Blairite embrace of the market, which provided the platform for the 2012 act to take the commercial thinking to its logical conclusion.1

What do we have now? NHS trusts struggling with deficits triggered by the private finance initiative (PFI) and reductions in NHS funding.2 A health secretary with no legal duty to provide hospitals, community services, ambulances, and doctors and nurses throughout England. Local clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) with no duty to provide, only to contract and tender in the marketplace—but not for everybody in their area, only for “persons for whom they are responsible” (except for emergency care). Compulsory market tendering diverting billions of pounds of NHS …
Non-Drug Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: NORMAN M. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

As more people with mild hypertension are treated, non-drug therapies should be used more frequently and effectively. These therapies include weight reduction; sodium restriction; potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplementation; other dietary changes; exercise; relaxation; and moderation of alcohol use. Such therapies have been inadequately used, in part because of a lack of confidence in their effectiveness and overconfidence in the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy. Evidence about the effectiveness, mode of action, safety, and patient acceptance of the various non-drug therapies is reviewed, and practical guidelines to their use are provided. Non-drug therapies may provide enough antihypertensive effect to lower blood pressure of many patients with mild hypertension to a safe level without the need for antihypertensive drugs.
Abstract 3922: 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-aglycone inhibition of the development and growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Bo Cao, Xichun Liu, Zhenggang Xiong, Lijuan Zhao, Haitao Zhang, Yan Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recurrence with lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen deprivation therapy remains the major challenge in treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The main mechanism for the development of castration resistance is continuous androgen receptor signaling via promiscuous or hypersensitive androgen receptor, ligand-independent androgen receptor activation, expression of androgen receptor splice variants lacking the ligand-binding domain but remaining constitutively active, and/or de novo androgen synthesis in the prostate. Several new drugs targeting androgen receptor reactivation, such as abiraterone acetate, are showing benefit in prolonging survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, even this potent inhibitor of androgen synthesis has a relatively short time to disease progression. One potential mechanism is the prevalent upregulation of constitutively active, ligand-binding-domain-truncated androgen receptor splice variants in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Therefore, therapeutic approaches that can diminish the availability of both the full-length and the splice variants of androgen receptor should offer considerable benefit in preventing and inhibiting prostate cancer recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy. In the present study, we show that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-aglycone (PPD), a steroidal saponin from ginseng, effectively downregulates the abundance and activity of both the full-length and the splice variants of androgen receptor. The effect is manifested by an immediate drop in androgen receptor proteins, followed by a reduction in androgen receptor mRNAs. The initial decrease in androgen receptor proteins could be attributed to PPD induction of proteasome-mediated degradation, possibly as a result of disrupted androgen receptor N-C interaction. Our xenograft studies show that PPD inhibits not only the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer after androgen deprivation but also the growth of prostate tumors that are already castration resistant. The inhibition is accompanied by a pronounced decrease of tumor androgen receptor and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Our findings therefore provide strong justification and lay the groundwork for an effective treatment modality to improve the therapeutic outcome of androgen deprivation therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3922. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3922
Ingested Carbohydrates and Blood Glucose in Diabetics
Authors: Thomas M. Flood
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An otherwise excellent recent<i>JAMA</i>article on the treatment of insulin reactions<sup>1</sup>contains one glaring overstatement that merits correction. The authors reference an article by Paz-Guevara et al,<sup>2</sup>who reviewed the complications of insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in patients treated at the Joslin Clinic. Dr Brodows and colleagues comment, "Since the introduction of insulin in 1922, hypoglycemia has accounted for 2.8% of patient deaths at that institution." The article in question says nothing of the kind. It reports 782 "juvenile diabetics" diagnosed before Dec 31, 1927. From this group of patients with IDDM diagnosed prior to or within the first five years of available insulin therapy, there were 457 deaths. Of the 249 deaths in the postinsulin era, seven (2.8%) were reported to be caused by hypoglycemia. One cannot extrapolate from the experience of this group of IDDM patients treated in the early days of insulin
Neonatal Death Due to Embolism
Authors: James R. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Neonatal death after delivery by cesarean section due to air embolus in the fetal vasculature has never been reported to our knowledge. For this reason, the following case is reported. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 27-year-old white woman, gravida 5, para 3, abortus 1, with expected date of confinement of July 8, 1968, was admitted to the Ochsner Foundation Hospital on June 22, with the chief complaint of painless passage of bright-red blood per vagina. The patient had had three previous low transverse cesarean sections. The presentation was breech and floating. Fetal heart tones were strong and regular. Preoperative examination suggested possible partial separation of the low-lying placenta. The maternal hemoglobin value preoperatively was 10.8 gm/100 ml. A cesarean hysterectomy had been planned in advance. When the abdomen was opened, the surgeon noted that the uterus was rotated to the left, the round ligament lying anteriorly. A
Neurological Injury After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Selma O. Algra, Nicolaas J.G. Jansen, Ingeborg van der Tweel, Antonius N.J. Schouten, Floris Groenendaal, Mona Toet, Wim van Oeveren, Ingrid C. van Haastert, Paul H. Schoof, Linda S. de Vries, Felix Haas
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Complex neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with cerebral injury. In particular, aortic arch repair, requiring either deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) or antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), entails a high risk of perioperative injury. It is unknown whether ACP results in less cerebral injury than DHCA. Methods and Results— Thirty-seven neonates with an aortic arch obstruction presenting for univentricular or biventricular repair were randomized to either DHCA or ACP. Preoperatively and 1 week after surgery, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 36 patients (1 patient died during the hospital stay). The presence of new postoperative cerebral injury was scored, and results were entered into a sequential analysis, which allows for immediate data analysis. After the 36th patient, it was clear that there was no difference between DHCA and ACP in terms of new cerebral injury. Preoperatively, 50% of patients had evidence of cerebral injury. Postoperatively, 14 of 18 DHCA patients (78%) had new injury versus 13 of 18 ACP patients (72%) ( P =0.66). White matter injury was the most common type of injury in both groups, but central infarctions occurred exclusively after ACP (0 vs 6/18 [33%]; P =0.02). Early motor and cognitive outcomes at 24 months were assessed and were similar between groups ( P =0.28 and P =0.25, respectively). Additional analysis revealed lower postoperative arterial P co 2 as a risk factor for new white matter injury ( P =0.04). Conclusions— In this group of neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in the incidence of perioperative cerebral injury after ACP compared with DHCA. Both techniques resulted in a high incidence of new white matter injury, with central infarctions occurring exclusively after ACP. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01032876.
<i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i>35624 administration induces Foxp3 T regulatory cells in human peripheral blood: potential role for myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Patrycja Konieczna, David Groeger, Mario Ziegler, Remo Frei, Ruth Ferstl, Fergus Shanahan, Eamonn M M Quigley, Barry Kiely, Cezmi A Akdis, Liam O'Mahony
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Intestinal homoeostasis is dependent on immunological tolerance to the microbiota. <h3>Objective</h3> To (1) determine if a probiotic could induce Foxp3 T cells in humans; (2) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the induction of Foxp3 T cells by human dendritic cells. <h3>Design</h3> Cytokine secretion and Foxp3 expression were assessed in human volunteers following <i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> feeding. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were incubated in vitro with <i>B infantis</i> and autologous lymphocytes. Transcription factor expression, costimulatory molecule expression, cytokine secretion, retinoic acid and tryptophan metabolism were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> Volunteers fed <i>B infantis</i> displayed a selective increase in secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 and enhanced Foxp3 expression in peripheral blood. In vitro, MDDCs, mDCs and pDCs expressed indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and secreted IL-10, but not IL-12p70, in response to <i>B infantis</i>. MDDC and mDC IL-10 secretion was Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/6 dependent, while pDC IL-10 secretion was TLR-9 dependent. In addition, MDDCs and mDCs expressed RALDH2, which was TLR-2 and DC-SIGN dependent. <i>B infantis</i>-stimulated MDDCs, mDCs and pDCs induced T cell Foxp3 expression. TLR-2, DC-SIGN and retinoic acid were required for MDDC and mDC induction of Foxp3 T cells, while pDCs required indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>B infantis</i> administration to humans selectively promotes immunoregulatory responses, suggesting that this microbe may have therapeutic utility in patients with inflammatory disease. Cross-talk between multiple pattern-recognition receptors and metabolic pathways determines the innate and subsequent T regulatory cell response to <i>B infantis</i>. These findings link nutrition, microbiota and the induction of tolerance within the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Lorna Martin McPhail
Authors: L. Notaras
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Dr Lorna Martin McPhail died peacefully from natural causes on 17 December 2009 at her home in Suffolk. She was 72.

Born in Glasgow, Lorna Martin McPhail attended Hutchesons’ Grammar School before her family moved to Bracknell, Berkshire. She trained at St Bartholomew’s Medical School in London, graduating as a doctor in November 1963. There she met and married a fellow doctor, Mitchell Notaras, who was later to become a surgeon. They had three daughters.

They divorced in …
Tacalcitol ointment in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris:a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on efficacy and safety
Authors: P.C.M. VAN DE KERKHOF, T. WERFEL, U.F. HAUSTENIN, T. LUGER, B.M. CZARNETZKI, R. NIEMANN, V. PLÄNITZ-STENZEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Tacalcitol is a vitamin D analogue which ahs been developed for the therapy of psoriasis vulgaris. The treatment with a twice daily application of 2 micrograms/g ointment is efficacious and safe in Japanese patients. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, intraindividual right-left comparison was to investigate the efficacy and safety of 8 weeks' therapy with a once daily application of a 4 micrograms/g tacalcitol ointment in Caucasian psoriatics. The data on 122 male and female patients were analysed. The score sum of erythema, infiltration and desquamation was influenced significantly more by tacalcitol ointment than by placebo (P < 0.0001) at every control point, starting from week 2. With regard to the individual symptoms of desquamation, infiltration and erythema, the treatment with tacalcitol was also superior to placebo treatment beginning at week 2. Qualitatively, the same results were obtained with the preference assessment of both treated body sides and also the global assessments of efficacy and benefit. Symptoms of local skin irritation which may be related to the active compound or the ointment base were reported by 12.3% of patients. In only one patient, irritation required discontinuation of tacalcitol treatment. Laboratory criteria, including serum calcium, serum phosphate and serum levels of calcitonin, parathormone, 1 alpha, 24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, did not reveal any changes of clinical relevance during or after treatment. Furthermore, the global assessment of tolerance was good or very good in more than 90% of cases. The results of this study demonstrate that the once daily application of a 4 micrograms/g tacalcitol ointment is an efficacious therapy for psoriasis vulgaris in Caucasian patients, and that its tolerance is good, wherever the lesion is located, including on the face.
Corticosteroid‐responsive pure red cell aplasia in rheumatoid arthritis and its association with pregnancy: A case report
Authors: S. D. Banavali, P. M. Parikh, B. S. Charak, S. Agarwala, A. Modi, R. Iyer, T. Saikia, R. Gopal, S. H. Advani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) often occurs secondary to drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, idiopathic PRCA in RA is very rare. Though different immunosuppressive therapies have been tried in the past with variable responses, there has been no case report in adults of favourable response to corticosteroids alone. We report a rare case of PRCA in RA, which responded to steroid therapy. Subsequently, the patient relapsed twice, during the first trimester of consecutive pregnancies. The association of PRCA with RA and pregnancy is discussed.
PREMATURE AORTIC AND CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: WHICH ONE IS FIRST OR WORSE?
Authors: Paola C. Roldan, Leonardo Macias, Alex Schevchuck, Clifford R. Qualls, Wilmer Sibbitt, Richard E. Greene, Julia Middendorf, Carlos Roldan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Auditing audits: use and development of the Oxfordshire Medical Audit Advisory Group rating system
Authors: M Lawrence, K Griew, J Derry, J Anderson, J Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To assess the value of the Oxfordshire Medical Audit Advisory Group rating system in monitoring and stimulating audit activity, and to implement a development of the system.Use of the rating system for assessment of practice audits on three annual visits in Oxfordshire; development and use of an "audit grid" as a refinement of the system; questionnaire to all medical audit advisory groups in England and Wales.All 85 general practices in Oxfordshire; all 95 medical audit advisory groups in England and Wales.Level of practices' audit activity as measured by rating scale and grid. Use of scale nationally together with perceptions of strengths and weaknesses as perceived by chairs of medical audit advisory groups.After one year Oxfordshire practices more than attained the target standards set in 1991, with 72% doing audit involving setting target standards or implementing change; by 1993 this had risen to 78%. Most audits were confined to chronic disease management, preventive care, and appointments. 38 of 92 medical audit advisory groups used the Oxfordshire group's rating scale. Its main weaknesses were insensitivity in assessing the quality of audits and failure to measure team involvement.The rating system is effective educationally in helping practices improve and summatively for providing feedback to family health service authorities. The grid showed up weakness in the breadth of audit topics studied.Oxfordshire practices achieved targets set for 1991-2 but need to broaden the scope of their audits and the topics studied. The advisory group's targets for 1994-5 are for 50% of practices to achieve an audit in each of the areas of clinical care, access, communication, and professional values and for 80% of audits to include setting targets or implementing change.
Lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (Jessner): a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: R. WILLEMZE, A. DIJKSTRA, C. J. L. M. MEIJER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Recent studies have suggested that Jessner 's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and lymphocytoma cutis both represent pseudo-B-cell lymphomas. We have now done immunohistochemical studies on frozen skin sections of six patients with lymphocytic infiltration of the skin. In all cases a predominance of T lymphocytes was observed and B lymphocytes were sparse or completely absent. These results indicate that Jessner 's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease which, unlike lymphocytoma cutis, cannot be regarded as a pseudo-B-cell lymphoma.
Hazard to Health — Liquid Lye
Authors: Luian L. Leape, Keith W. Ashcraft, Dante G. Scarpelli, Thomas M. Holder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The development and promotion of a concentrated sodium hydroxide drain cleaner has resulted in a marked increase in esophageal injury due to accidental ingestion. Unlike granular-lye drain cleaners, this type causes severe injury even when only a small amount is ingested. In seven patients treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center its ingestion resulted in severe strictures that were refractory to dilatations, so that colonic Substitution was required in all seven patients. Experimentally, quantities as little as 1 ml and duration of contact of only one second are sufficient to cause full-thickness esophageal necrosis. The small amounts and the brief contact required make effective treatment impossible once ingestion has occurred. This product is sufficiently hazardous that it should be removed from the market to prevent further injuries.