tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of IL-5 and eotaxin-2 in the mouse lung mimics pathologies observed in asthma patients
Authors: S.I. Ochkur, C. Protheroe, T.L. Bichele, B. McElhinney, R.S. Pero, M.T. Borchers, K.R. O'Neill, D.C. Colbert, M.P. McGarry, Y. Janssen-Heininger, C.R. Irvin, H.H. Shen, N.A. Lee, J.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Progress in reducing inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction is slow
Authors: C D. Naylor, J. V Tu
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Progress in reducing inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction is slowEditor-Brown et al report a substantial increase in the use of beneficial interventions for patients admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction in Nottingham from 1982 to 1992. 1 However, they found no change in inpatient mortality adjusted for age and sex.This contrasts with findings in Ontario, Canada, where hospital discharge abstracts show that inpatient mortality fell from 1981 to 1991 2 and has since fallen further (data on request).Brown et al suggest that the disparate results may reflect coding errors in the Ontario administrative data.Our group has assessed the classification of deaths from acute myocardial infarction in inpatients in the Ontario discharge abstracts.Matching Ontario administrative data to data from the GUSTO-I and LATE trials, we found the specificity of the administrative data to be 100% (1403/1403 alive), with overall sensitivity of 94% (104/111 deaths detected). 3he classification of acute myocardial infarction itself is more problematic.The sensitivity of the primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is high, but specificity varies. 4 5There are two common reasons for false positive coding.Firstly, patients may be admitted to a coronary care unit with possible acute myocardial infarction but this diagnosis is ruled out and they are sent home quickly.Alternatively, patients recently admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction are readmitted for coronary angiography or with complications other than overt reinfarction, and the code for acute myocardial infarction is wrongly used again.Thus the analysis of outcomes in Ontario excluded both patients with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction who were discharged in under four days and patients who had been admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction in the preceding three months. 2t is therefore doubtful that imprecise coding explains the improving outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Ontario.Indeed, only systematic coding errors could explain the observed trends in inpatient mortality, and we have found neither evidence nor a rationale for this.Ontario's administrative data do mirror the findings of Brown et al in two respects 2 : admissions for acute myocardial infarction, particularly among elderly patients, increased over the period studied, and inpatient mortality ranged from 16% to 21%, which is much higher than in the large randomised trials of thrombolytic treatment.Thus while the trends in Ontario are more positive than those in Nottingham, we agree with Brown et al that the cardiovascular megatrials have been enrolling skewed patient populations 3 and that progress in the battle to reduce inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction remains slow.
348 IN THE RAT DEN MODEL OF HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS, THE RAS INHIBITOR FTS PREVENTS HEPATOCARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT BY APOPTOSIS INDUCTION VIA ACTIVATION OF THE FAS/FAS LIGAND SYSTEM
Authors: P. Starkel, N. Charette, I. Borbath, C. De Saeger, I. Leclercq, Y. Horsmans
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Key Issues in the Modes of Action and Effects of Trichloroethylene Metabolites for Liver and Kidney Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jane C. Caldwell, Nagalakshmi Keshava
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epidemiologic studies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE risk assessment concluded that it is difficult to determine which TCE metabolites may be responsible for these effects, the key events involved in their modes of action (MOAs) , and the relevance of these MOAs to humans. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we present a review of recently published scientific literature examining the effects of TCE metabolites in the context of the preceding questions. Studies of the TCE metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA) , trichloroacetic acid (TCA) , and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans. Studies of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) -l-cysteine have revealed a number of different possible cell signaling effects that may be related to kidney tumorigenesis at lower concentrations than those leading to cytotoxicity. Recent studies of trichloroethanol exploring an alternative hypothesis for kidney tumorigenesis have failed to establish the formation of formate as a key event for TCE-induced kidney tumors. Overall, although MOAs and key events for TCE-induced liver and kidney tumors have yet to be definitively established, these results support the likelihood that toxicity is due to multiple metabolites through several MOAs, none of which appear to be irrelevant to humans.
The Other Person
Authors: Paul Rousseau
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
National Environmental Public Health Tracking Program: Bridging the Information Gap
Authors: Michael A. McGeehin, Judith R. Qualters, Amanda Sue Niskar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

In January 2001 the Pew Environmental Health Commission called for the creation of a coordinated public health system to prevent disease in the United States by tracking and combating environmental health threats. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated the Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) Program to integrate three distinct components of hazard monitoring and exposure and health effects surveillance into a cohesive tracking network. Uniform and acceptable data standards, easily understood case definitions, and improved communication between health and environmental agencies are just a few of the challenges that must be addressed for this network to be effective. The nascent EPHT program is attempting to respond to these challenges by drawing on a wide range of expertise from federal agencies, state health and environmental agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the program's academic Centers of Excellence. In this mini-monograph, we present innovative strategies and methods that are being applied to the broad scope of important and complex environmental public health problems by developing EPHT programs. The data resulting from this program can be used to identify areas and populations most likely to be affected by environmental contamination and to provide important information on the health and environmental status of communities. EPHT will develop valuable data on possible associations between the environment and the risk of noninfectious health effects. These data can be used to reduce the burden of adverse health effects on the American public.
For the guidance of wise men and the obedience of fools?
Authors: B. Bury
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Spence’s article is one of the first things I turn (electronically) to each Friday morning. So it was disappointing to see him regurgitating the tired old complaints about clinical guidelines—stifling clinical freedom, imposing straitjackets, etc.1

I chair the clinical guidelines committee at one of the largest trusts in the country (and already I sense you smirking in that slightly tired …
Treatment of Growing Teratoma Syndrome
Authors: David J. Vaughn, Keith Flaherty, Priti Lal, Maryann Gallagher, Peter O'Dwyer, Keith Wilner, Isan Chen, Gary Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Growing teratoma syndrome consists of an enlarging mature teratoma arising during or after chemotherapy for a nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor, with normal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin.1 The preferred treatment is complete surgical resection2 because teratomas are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although embryonal carcinomas express little or no retinoblastoma protein (pRB),3 mature teratomas express high levels of pRB. Normally, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) stimulates cell growth by phosphorylating pRB. The development of selective CDK inhibitors,4 including PD0332991 (Pfizer), which selectively inhibits CDK4/6, suggests a new treatment for growing teratoma syndrome. We report on . . .
Potentiation by Acetylsalicylic Acid of Skin Weal Response to Compound 48/80 in ASA‐Sensitive Asthmatics
Authors: Miroslaw Szmidr, Marek L. Kowalski, Iwona Grzelewska‐Rzymowska, Jerzy Rozniecki
Journal: Allergy (1983)

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on skin response to intradermal injection of compound 48/80 and histamine was studied in order to determine whether ASA elicits any abnormalities also in the skin of asthmatics reacting with bronchoconstriction to ingestion of this drug. The applied ASA dose (mean dose 150 mg) elicited bronchoconstriction in all 16 patients with asthma and ASA sensitivity (mean fall of FEV1 34%) and increased the weal response to compound 48/80 to about 51% (P less than 0.05) as compared with the response before the ASA-challenge. In asthmatic persons without ASA sensitivity a 150 mg ASA dose did not influence the skin response to any of the reagents. On the other hand, a 600 mg dose decreased skin response to histamine and compound 48/80 in persons without ASA intolerance, although the decrease was statistically significant only in the flare after compound 48/80 (P less than 0.05). The authors believe that additional local defect is needed to reveal sensitivity to ASA in the skin of ASA-sensitive asthmatics, just as bronchial hyperreactivity is indispensible for revealing the action of ASA in the bronchi.
Hypoalbuminemia and Decreased Anion Gap-Reply
Authors: Donalo J. Cambell
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Keshgegian's point is valid and well taken. Although a correlation between the albumin concentration and anion gap would be expected, our study included patients with a narrow range of albumin values. With a wider range of albumin concentrations, say 1.0 to 5.0 g/dL, a positive correlation may be obtained. Also, the analytical error introduced in electrolyte measurements adds to the lack of correlation. We also correlated the total protein concentrations with the anion gap in the individual groups and all patients with hypoalbuminemia without a polyclonal gammopathy. No statistically significant correlation was obtained. Also, the contribution from the anionic proteins other than albumin is minor and would not be expected to contribute substantially to the decrease in the anion gap. Amin A. Nanji, MB, ChB Donald J. Campbell, PhD Morris R. Pudek, PhDVancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia
VALIDATION OF ACCURACY OF HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING DEVICES BY BLAND AND ALTMAN LIMITS OF AGREEMENT AND METHOD OF VARIANCE ESTIMATES RECOVERY
Authors: Shun Ling Kong, Wai Luen Stephen Lee, CS Glibert Lui, Wing Sze Carmen Chan, Aaron Fok, H Paul Lee, Ky Karl Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Statin Use and Risk of Gallstone Disease Followed by Cholecystectomy
Authors: Michael Bodmer, Yolanda B. Brauchli, Stephan Krähenbühl, Susan S. Jick, Christoph R. Meier
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Gallstone disease is a leading cause of morbidity in western countries and carries a high economic burden. Statins decrease hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and may therefore lower the risk of cholesterol gallstones by reducing the cholesterol concentration in the bile. Data on this association in humans are scarce.To study the association between the use of statins, fibrates, or other lipid-lowering agents and the risk of incident gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy.Case-control analysis using the UK-based General Practice Research Database. Incident patients between 1994 and 2008 and 4 controls per each patient were identified and matched on age, sex, general practice, calendar time, and years of history in the database. The study population was 76% women and the mean (SD) age was 53.4 (15.0) years at the index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing gallstones followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents, stratified by exposure timing and duration. The ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for smoking, body mass index, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and estrogen use.The adjusted OR (AOR) for developing gallstone disease followed by cholecystectomy in relation to exposure to lipid-lowering agents.A total of 27,035 patients with cholecystectomy and 106,531 matched controls were identified, including 2396 patients and 8868 controls who had statin use. Compared with nonuse, current statin use (last prescription recorded within 90 days before the first-time diagnosis of the disease) was 1.0% for patients and 0.8% for controls (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.95-1.27) for 1 to 4 prescriptions; 2.6% vs 2.4% (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93) for 5 to 19 prescriptions, and 3.2% vs 3.7% (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.59-0.70) for 20 or more prescriptions. The AORs for current use of statins defined as 20 or more prescriptions were similar (around 0.6) across age, sex, and body mass index categories, and across the statin class.Long-term use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of gallstones followed by cholecystectomy.
Performance Evaluation of Allergen Exposure Assessment using Fluorescent Multiplex Array Technology: - A Multi-Center Ring Trial
Authors: E.M. King, S. Filep, B. Smith, N. Metwali, P.S. Thorne, S. Versteeg, R. van Ree, S. Arbes, A. Calatroni, H. Mitchell, M.D. Chapman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Disease-Independent Skin Recruitment and Activation of Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells Following Imiquimod Treatment
Authors: Mirjana Urosevic, Reinhard Dummer, Curdin Conrad, Mirjam Beyeler, Elisabeth Laine, Günter Burg, Michel Gilliet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Imiquimod, an immune response modifier that is used topically to treat different types of skin cancer, induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines that stimulate an antitumor immune response. We assessed characteristics of the imiquimod-induced immune activation in epithelial and lymphoproliferative neoplasias of human skin. We focused on plasmacytoid predendritic cells (PDCs), the primary producer of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) after imiquimod activation in vitro.We used Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays to compare gene expression profiles from tumors from 16 patients, 10 with superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs), five with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs), and one with Bowen's disease, before and after topical imiquimod treatment. We used quantitative immunohistochemistry with PDC-specific antibodies against BDCA-2 and CD123 to characterize the PDC population before and after imiquimod treatment in these specimens. Activation status of PDCs from four sBCC patients was assessed by intracellular IFN-alpha staining and flow cytometry.Expression of various IFN-alpha-inducible genes (e.g., CIG5, G1P2, OASL, IFIT1, STAT1, IFI35, OAS1, ISG20, MxA, and IRF7), the so-called IFN-alpha signature, was increased similarly in both sBCC and CTCL lesions after imiquimod treatment. PDCs were recruited and activated in both lesion types, and they produced IFN-alpha after imiquimod treatment in vivo (mean percentage of PDCs producing IFN-alpha = 14.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.9% to 24%; range = 3.3%-27%, n = 4 lesions). Imiquimod induced similar immune activation patterns in all three diseases, and these patterns were associated with the number of PDCs recruited to the treatment site. Two imiquimod-treated sBCC patients who did not mount an inflammatory response to imiquimod and whose lesions lacked the IFN-alpha signature after treatment had fewer PDCs in treated lesions compared with other treated patients with such a response.Imiquimod induces immune activation patterns that relate to the number of the PDCs recruited to the treatment site, thus supporting the role of PDC in responsiveness to imiquimod in humans.
Addressing social determinants of health inequities: what can the state and civil society do?
Authors: Erik Blas, Lucy Gilson, Michael P Kelly, Ronald Labonté, Jostacio Lapitan, Carles Muntaner, Piroska Östlin, Jennie Popay, Ritu Sadana, Gita Sen, Ted Schrecker, Ziba Vaghri
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
489. Treatment for Hemophilia B Using Self- Complimentary AAV8 Vectors
Authors: Micheal L. Hebert, Dirk Grimm, Theresa A. Storm, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Hemophilia B is an X-linked hemorrhagic disease affecting about 1/30,000 males. The disease manifests as unpredictable, recurrent, and spontaneous bleeding in soft tissues and/or major joints. This recurrent bleeding disease is due to a defect in the blood coagulation factor IX (FIX). Recent clinical trials have showed promise in the safe use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) for gene replacement into muscle or liver. However, these studies showed FIX concentrations that either did not reach therapeutic levels, or were not sustained. New research into the use of alternative AAV serotypes for liver specific transduction and the use of self-complimentary adeno- associated virus (scAAV) for rapid and prolonged gene replacement may help to reach and maintain therapeutic levels of FIX. Recent studies have shown that double-stranded vectors are 10 to 30-fold more robust than their single-stranded counterparts. We have developed an expression cassette that fits within the size limitations (2.3kb) of a scAAV vector, which contains human and canine FIX genes under the control of the tissue specific transthyretin promoter combined with a liver specific synthetic enhancer. This enhancer/promoter combination was found to significantly increase liver specific expression of a reporter gene when compared in hepatoma and non-hepatic cells in tissue culture. Hydrodynamic tail vein injection of the plasmids containing the smaller expression cassette into C57/BL6 mice showed only a 2X lower expression of circulating FIX when compared to the larger ApoE(HCR)hAAT promoter enhancer, a common sequence used for robust liver-based gene expression. The amount of hFIX detectable in mouse serum was 19|[mu]|g/ml and 49|[mu]|g/ml for the TTR and ApoEhAAT constructs, respectively. Construction of a scAAV vector has been completed, and vector using a pseudotyped AAV-8 capsid is being produced. These scAAV-8 vectors will be administered to murine and canine models systems and compared to the ApoE(HCR)hAAT FIX constructs previously tested in dogs and used in a human clinical trial. We expect the new scAAV-8 vectors to be more robust requiring a substantially lower dose to reach sustained therapeutic levels of clotting factor IX.
STUDIES OF THE WHEAL REACTION OF NORMALS TO INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF SERUM FROM ALLERGIC SUBJECTS, WITH HOMOLOGOUS ALLERGEN ADDED
Authors: G. BERGQUIST
Journal: Allergy (1962)

SUMMARY When homologous allergen was added to serum from allergic patients and the mixture injected intradermally into normal subjects, wheal reactions resulted. The intensity of this edematigenous effect of certain sera showed individual variability. With the method here employed, the effect was thermostable.
HIGH CONCENTRATION OF INJECTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN ABDOMINAL LYMPH NODES
Authors: Charles B. Huggins, Jeffrey P. Froehlich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

In the rat the greatest accumulation, in any anatomical structure, of titanium dioxide following its intravenous injection was found in two small clusters of lymph nodes in upper abdomen behind the peritoneum. These are the lymph nodes of the liver. This extraordinary quantitative characteristic of the abdominal clusters is attributed to their topography which results in progressive filtration of particulate matter from hepatic lymph.
Role of the Physical Therapist
Authors: Joseph L. Pedicini
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An article appearing inThe Journalrequires clarification (<b>210:</b>1527, 1969). The statement is made: "Physical therapists evaluate the physical capabilities and disabilities of patients and plan treatment programs for patients. Physical therapists receive referrals for services to patients from licensed physicians, surgeons, and dentists." My position as president of the New Jersey Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and as spokesman for the membership of this organization necessitates my attempting to clarify the role of the physical therapist. According to the article, it might be construed that the therapist would be, or might be, involved in diagnosis and prescription writing. This is not the case. An ethical licensed physical therapist treats a patient only within the confines of the prescription given by the patient's physician. If the therapist develops an opinion or witnesses a reaction which does not meet the goals of the prescription, he conveys
Readability of British and American medical prose at the start of the 21st century
Authors: W. B Weeks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Articles published in the BMJ and JAMA are available on the internet, albeit for a fee in the case of JAMA . We wanted to determine whether the materials published by these two pre-eminent journals, while physically accessible to a broad population, are likely to be comprehensible to them.

We obtained electronic versions of articles from the BMJ and JAMA published in the first six months of 2001. We limited our analysis to articles that were published as “Papers” in the BMJ or “Original Papers” in JAMA , had structured abstracts, and had first authors with either British or US institutional affiliations. The BMJ published 42 such articles and JAMA 68.

For each article, we noted the national affiliation of the first listed author. We used Readability Calculations software from Micro Power and …