tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Best books on bacteriology: a personal choice
Authors: M Farrington
Journal: BMJ (1994)

This is a highly selective list, focusing on books with substantial coverage of the clinical aspects of bacteriology.

** A new Short Textbook on Microbial and Parasitic Infection. B I Duerden, T M S Reid, J M Jewsbury, D C Turk. (pounds sterling 16.95.) Edward Arnold, 1987. ISBN 0 340 40178 8.

* Medical Bacteriology. 3rd edn. J D Sleigh, M C Timbury. (pounds sterling13.95.) Churchill Livingstone, 1990. ISBN 0 443 04147 4.

* Medical Microbiology. C A Mims, J H L Playfair, I M Roitt, D Wakelin, R Williams. (pounds sterling 24.95.) Mosby, 1993. ISBN 0 397 44631 4.

\***| Diseases of Infection. 2nd edn. N R Grist, D O Ho-Yen, E Walker, G R Williams. (pounds sterling 22.50.) Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0 19 262307 9.

** Infection. R G Finch, P Ball. (pounds sterling 55.) Blackwell Scientific, 1991. ISBN 0 632 09144.

* Microbiology in Clinical Practice. 2nd edn. D S Shanson. (pounds sterling22.50.) Wright, 1989. ISBN 0 7236 1403 2.

\***| Medical Microbiology. 14th edn. D Greenwood, R Slack, J Peutherer. (pounds sterling 26.50.) Churchill Livingstone, 1992. ISBN 0 443 04256 X.

The New Short Textbook is adequately structured and clinically based. There are only five illustrations in over 400 pages, but the text is surprisingly detailed and readable. This is a good book for exploring the background to a student lecture course, …
EFA6A Enhances Glioma Cell Invasion through ADP Ribosylation Factor 6/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Signaling
Authors: Ming Li, Samuel Sai-ming Ng, Jide Wang, Lihui Lai, Suet Yi Leung, Michel Franco, Ying Peng, Ming-liang He, Hsiang-fu Kung, Marie Chia-mi Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract EFA6A, or Pleckstrin and Sec7 domain protein, is a member of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6). Whereas EFA6A is specifically expressed in the brain, little is known about its function in glial cells or glioma. Here we show that elevated EFA6A expression is detectable in both low-grade and high-grade human glioma tissues samples. To investigate the role of EFA6A in glioma carcinogenesis, we generated a human glioblastoma cell line which conditionally overexpresses EFA6A (U373-EFA6A). We showed that overexpression of EFA6A had no effect on cell proliferation, apoptosis, or cell cycle control. However, as shown by wound healing and in vitro cell invasion assays, it significantly enhanced the cell motility and invasiveness whereas silencing EFA6A by its dominant negative mutant EFA6A(E242K) produced opposite effects. We further showed that ARF6/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is required for the EFA6A-mediated cell invasion because both EFA6A(E242K) and ARF6 dominant negative mutant ARF6(T27N) markedly reduced the phosphorylated ERK level and EFA6A-mediated invasive capacity. Consistently, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor U0126 could abolish the EFA6A-induced cell invasion. These results suggest for the first time a potential role of EFA6A/ARF6/ERK signal cascade in glioma cell migration and invasion. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1583-90)
Ectopic pregnancy rates in IUD users.
Authors: R Aznar, C L Berry, I D Cooke, A Cuadros, R Gray, G P McNicol, J R Newton, E Pizarro, P J Rowe, S T Shaw, T Wagatsuma, F Webb, E Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Ambulance personnel and casualty staff in 62 London casualty departments were asked in a questionnaire survey for their recommendations for the management of cases of deliberate self-poisoning.From the 1350 questionnaires distributed, 1248 (92 %) were returned, of which 858 were completed by doctors and nurses.Among this group 88% believed that these patients should never be discharged without full psychiatric evaluation,
Thromboxane synthase is preferentially conserved in activated mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Authors: C S Tripp, K M Leahy, P Needleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Resident macrophages isolated from uninfected animals produce large quantities of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. Immunizing animals with protein antigens or bacteria activates macrophages and causes an 80% reduction in the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites relative to resident cells. Since some products have been shown to modulate immune functions, we examined how the AA metabolic enzyme activities regulate the products that are synthesized. We demonstrate that the cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, prostacyclin synthase, and probably prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide E-isomerase activities were decreased in activated peritoneal macrophages. In sharp contrast, thromboxane synthase activity was selectively unchanged or enhanced in the activated macrophages. Thus the immune response appears to modulate the activity of the AA and PG endoperoxide-dependent enzymes, thus dictating a major shift in the profile of metabolites synthesized by macrophages.
Ureteral Re-implantation and Bladder Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Guy W. Leadbetter
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In the course of 4 1/2 years, 35 children have been treated surgically for ureterovesical reflux and obstruction of the bladder neck. Revision of the bladder neck was carried out in 20 patients. Ureteroneocystostomy was carried out in 45 ureters among 28 patients. Good clinical results, namely elimination of residual urine, pyuria, and other evidence of infection, were obtained in 31 (90%) of the 35 patients. Some failures were ascribed to inherent myogenic or neurogenic difficulties. The authors recommend ileal loop diversion rather than reconstructive surgery when there is evidence of severe renal damage or underlying neurogenic dysfunction.
Physical and genetic mapping of the Salmonella dublin virulence plasmid pSDL2. Relationship to plasmids from other Salmonella strains.
Authors: P R Beninger, G Chikami, K Tanabe, C Roudier, J Fierer, D G Guiney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Plasmids of approximately 80 kb in size are found in nearly all clinical isolates of Salmonella dublin and are believed to be essential for virulence. We have shown previously that the 80-kb plasmid pSDL2 is required for the S. dublin Lane strain to establish a lethal systemic infection in BALB/c mice after oral or intraperitoneal inoculation. We now present a physical and genetic characterization of pSDL2. We have established a complete restriction endonuclease cleavage map of pSDL2 for five enzymes: Xba I, Bam HI, Xho I, Sal I, and Hind III. The region specifying autonomous replication has been localized to a 10.5-kb region of the Sal I A fragment by subcloning on the vector pBR322. Using transposon insertion mutagenesis with Tn5-oriT, a region encoding the virulence phenotype has been mapped within a 6.4-kb portion of the Sal I B fragment. Deletions generated by partial Eco RI restriction digestion demonstrate that at least 50 kb of the plasmid DNA are not required for replication or virulence functions, confirming the map location of these phenotypes. Plasmids of different sizes and restriction patterns were found in mouse virulent strains of S. dublin Vi+, S. enteritidis, and S. choleraesuis. By Southern hybridization, these putative virulence plasmids share a common 4-kb Eco RI fragment with the virulence region of pSDL2, and the plasmids from S. dublin Vi+ and S. enteritidis were shown to express mouse virulence comparable to pSDL2.
Ischaemic preconditioning limits infarct size in the rat heart
Authors: D. M Yellon, A. M Alkhulaifi, E. E Browne, W. B Pugsley
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

One of the mechanisms by which ischaemic preconditioning is thought to protect against later prolonged ischaemia is via a reduction in ATP utilisation during ischaemia. The ATP "wastage" that occurs during ischaemia is thought to be due to mitochondrial ATPase activity, which may be prevented in ischaemic preconditioning by the binding of a specific inhibitor protein. As the rat is known to have less inhibitor protein than other species, this study was designed to determine whether the rat heart could be ischaemically preconditioned.Rats were anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, the chest opened and the hearts ischaemically preconditioned with a 5 min occlusion of the left main coronary artery followed by 10 min reperfusion. The hearts were then subjected to a 45 min occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion. Control hearts were treated identically but without ischaemic preconditioning. Infarct size was measured using triphenyl tetrazolium and expressed as a percentage of the region at risk, measured with fluorescent particles.Infarct size as a percent of the risk area in the ischaemically preconditioned group (n = 8) was 31.4(SEM 6.1)%, versus 61.0(4.8)% in control hearts (n = 8) (p < 0.005).These results show that rat hearts can be ischaemically preconditioned and suggest that the protective mechanism involved in this phenomenon is not mediated through the endogenous inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase. An overall reduction in mitochondrial ATP "wastage" may not be the sole mechanism in the protection seen in ischaemic preconditioning.
Cell-mediated immunity to the mycelial phase of<i>Malassezia</i>spp. in patients with pityriasis versicolor and controls
Authors: M.R. Saadatzadeh, H.R. Ashbee, W.J. Cunliffe, E. Ingham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

BackgroundMalassezia is the aetiological agent of pityriasis versicolor. The mycelial phase of the organism predominates in lesions of pityriasis versicolor.
Tubular Duplication of the Oesophagus in a Child: Clinical, Radiologic and Endoscopic Features
Authors: P. Granelli, G.P. Angelini, A.M. Tambussi, A. Nicolini, L. Celli
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

A case of tubular duplication of the oesophagus in a 10-year-old boy is presented. The boy, previously healthy, experienced dysphagia of sudden onset after an episode of pharyngitis. The clinical, radiologic and endoscopic findings are described. A twelve-month follow-up is reported.
The Monoglyceride Pathway of Fat Absorption in Man*
Authors: Herbert J. Kayden, John R. Senior, Fred H. Mattson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The absorption of fat was studied in five male subjects with cannulation of the thoracic duct in the neck by the administration of doubly labeled monoglycerides, or triglyceride as well as labeled free glycerol or labeled free oleic acid, by gastric or duodenal intubation.Total recoveries of the administered glyceride radioactivity from the lymph lipids ranged from 35 to 53% for the glycerol label (tritium) and from 35 to 57% for the fatty acid label ((14)C). The recovery of administered radioactive free glycerol in lymph lipids was only 4.1%, even when given in mixture with bile salts, fatty acid, and monoglyceride.A comparison of the isotope ratios of the two components (glycerol and fatty acid) of the lymph glycerides with the ratios of these components of the original meal glyceride showed little change during the initial period of fat absorption, indicating that the doubly labeled monoglycerides passed into the lymph intact. During the later part of the period of major fat absorption, the ratios in lymph lipids changed due to loss of glycerol representation, indicating monoglyceride hydrolysis and portal venous diversion of free glycerol. Confirmation of the intact nature of 2-monoglyceride during absorption was made by analyzing the amount and position of the labeled fatty acid in the lymph triglycerides. The percentage of labeled fatty acid in the various positions of the lymph triglycerides was virtually identical with that of the meal during the initial period of fat absorption and then changed reflecting isomerization of fatty acids and subsequent complete hydrolysis of the glycerides.The 2-monoglyceride pathway appears to be the major route of fat absorption for man during normal digestion and absorption of dietary triglyceride.
Hyperkalemia Following Intestinal Revascularization
Authors: John J. Bergan, Vincent Gilliland, Charles Troop, Marion C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Recently, intestinal revascularization following mesenteric artery occlusion has become a recognized surgical accomplishment. Before 1957, successful restoration of mesenteric arterial flow after abrupt embolic occlusion was unknown despite prophetic reports by Klass and by Connors of near successes in mesenteric embolectomy. 2-5 In 5 years, the number of accomplished embolus extractions has reached 13, indicating that the features of early diagnosis and technical factors of operative management are understood. 6   Early diagnosis and immediate celiotomy make possible conservation of ischemic bowel rather than resection of gangrenous intestine. But, as intestinal blood flow has been restored, the development of systemic abnormalities have occurred. These poorly understood alterations have contributed to a high post-revascularization mortality. 7 Problems of immediate hypotension after splanchnic revascularization have been managed effectively in the operating room by use of conventional techniques, but later cardiovascular collapse has been difficult to control because of its obscure etiology. This study
Genetics in Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<b>Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue,</b>by Victor A. McKusick, ed 3; 499 pp, 192 illus, $18.50, St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co., 1966. The role of genetics in medicine is so important that the physician in practice will feel lost without at least some basic knowledge of the subject.<i>Genetics in Medicine</i>, written primarily for medical students, considers the principles of genetics as they apply to medicine, and furnishes a background for appreciating the growing literature. The authors are to be congratulated on the result. The exposition of principles and concepts achieves a high order of clarity. The relatively short text, splendidly economical, hews to essentials, with concise yet clear prose, excellent illustrations, and admirable explanatory diagrams. In the first few chapters the authors provide the fundamentals of modern genetics, discussing cytology, molecular structure, the nature of chromosomes and genes. Then, in a skillfully arranged pattern, the authors present the
A marked increase of calcium uptake in the ATP‐depleted red cells of patients with iron deficiency
Authors: Masaoo Shimoda, Yoshihito Yawata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Calcium (Ca) uptake was markedly increased in ATP‐depleted red cells of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) compared to ATP‐depleted normal red cells. The extent of increased Ca uptake was related to the severity of iron deficiency as judged by decreased mean cell volume. Moreover, the increased Ca uptake returned to normal levels after oral iron supplementation therapy. The net calcium content of fresh red cells from iron‐deficient individuals was the same as in red cells from normal subjects. Sodium influx and ferric ion uptake appeared to be virtually unaffected in the iron deficient red cells.
Transport of Methylmercury and Inorganic Mercury to the Fetus and Breast-Fed Infant
Authors: Karolin Ask Björnberg, Marie Vahter, Birgitta Berglund, Boel Niklasson, Mats Blennow, Gunilla Sandborgh-Englund
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

It is well established that methylmercury (MeHg) and mercury vapor pass the placenta, but little is known about infant exposure via breast milk. We measured MeHg and inorganic mercury (I-Hg) in blood of Swedish mothers (n = 20) and their infants, as well as total mercury (T-Hg) in breast milk up to 13 weeks postpartum. Infant blood MeHg was highly associated with maternal blood MeHg at delivery, although more than twice as high. Infant MeHg decreased markedly until 13 weeks of age. Infant blood I-Hg was associated with, and about as high as, maternal blood I-Hg at delivery. Infant I-Hg decreased until 13 weeks. In breast milk, T-Hg decreased significantly from day 4 to 6 weeks after delivery but remained unchanged thereafter. At 13 weeks, T-Hg in breast milk was associated with infant MeHg but not with maternal MeHg. Conversely, T-Hg in breast milk was associated with maternal I-Hg but not with infant I-Hg. From the findings of the present study in which the exposure to both MeHg and I-Hg was low, we conclude that the exposure to both forms of mercury is higher before birth than during the breast-feeding period, and that MeHg seems to contribute more than I-Hg to infant exposure postnatally via breast milk.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression after repeated intra-articular steroid injections.
Authors: D M Reid, C Eastmond, J A Rennie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Table 1 Side effects in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with D-penicillamine Side effect Males Females Anti-Ro positive Anti-Ro negative Proteinuria (> 1-5 g/24 h) 4 5 3 6 Thrombocytopenia (<100 000) 1 1 0 2 Rash
Endoscopic Removal of an Atypical Common Bile Duct Foreign Body
Authors: P. Sakai, S. Ishioka, M. Zambrano, P. Marone, C. Zitron
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

See also: Successful Endoscopic Removal of a Common Bile Duct Foreign BodyEndoscopy 1982; 14(01): 26-27DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1021568
Time to consider the role of epoetin
Authors: Y. Zhang, M. Thamer
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

To the Editor: The recently published article by Robinson et al.,1.Robinson B.M. Joffe M.M. Berns J.S. et al.Anemia and mortality in hemodialysis patients: accounting for morbidity and treatment variables updated over time.Kidney Int. 2005; 68: 2323-2330Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (96) Google Scholar along with numerous other publications repeatedly evaluating the relationship between hematocrit and patient survival with different statistical analyses, has reached the same conclusion: increased hematocrit is associated with decreased mortality. Once again, hematocrit was used implicitly as a surrogate end point for survival among end-stage renal disease patients relying on epoetin treatment to correct anemia, even though both clinical trial and observational data suggest that hematocrit may not be a valid surrogate.2.Besarab A. Bolton W.K. Browne J.K. et al.The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin.N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 584-590Crossref PubMed Scopus (1879) Google Scholar, 3.Furuland H. Linde T. Ahlmen J. et al.A randomized controlled trial of haemoglobin normalization with epoetin alfa in pre-dialysis and dialysis patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003; 18: 353-361Crossref PubMed Scopus (195) Google Scholar, 4.Cotter D.J. Stefanik K. Zhang Y. et al.Hematocrit was not validated as a surrogate end point for survival among epoetin-treated hemodialysis patients.J Clin Epidemiol. 2004; 57: 1086-1095Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar We believe that it will be more interesting and important if the authors would shift their focus from the intermediate outcome (hematocrit) to the intervention (epoetin treatment). We appreciate the authors’ efforts in trying to examine a causal link between anemia and survival by adjusting for time-dependent hematocrit values and many comorbid conditions that may contribute to epoetin resistance. However, the causal effect of hematocrit must be evaluated in the context of the particular intervention, specifically, the level of epoetin dose. The authors controlled for the level of epoetin dose in their Cox regression analyses, but they did not report the impact of epoetin dose on survival. We can infer from the clear inverse relationship between hematocrit and epoetin dose that there will be a negative effect of higher epoetin doses on patient survival, which is consistent with our previously published findings.5.Zhang Y. Thamer M. Stefanik K. et al.Epoetin requirements predict mortality in hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis. 2004; 44: 866-876Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (225) Google Scholar In fact, the independent effect of epoetin dose on survival further confirms that the observed association between hematocrit and survival should not be interpreted as causal. It is time to investigate the direct impact of epoetin, not just the intermediate outcome (hematocrit), on the real clinical end point (survival).
Many behavioral tendencies associated with right-leaning (conservative) political ideologies are malleable and unrelated to negativity
Authors: Christopher Y. Olivola, Abigail B. Sussman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Recent research has identified several judgment and decision making tendencies associated with right-leaning political ideologies that are difficult (if not impossible) to explain in terms of stable, negative affective appraisals because they (1) are uncorrelated with the negativity of the stimuli being considered, (2) do not reflect divergent affective evaluations, and (3) can be eliminated by superficial manipulations and interventions.
Oral Cholera Vaccine Development and Use in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Duc Anh, Anna Lena Lopez, Hung Thi Mai Tran, Nguyen Van Cuong, Vu Dinh Thiem, Mohammad Ali, Jacqueline L. Deen, Lorenz von Seidlein, David A. Sack
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Anna Lena Lopez and colleagues give an overview of the cholera situation in Vietnam and discuss how an oral cholera vaccine was developed and used as a component of a public health strategy against the disease. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary