tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Statewide Early Defibrillation Initiative Including Laypersons and Outcome Reporting
Authors: Bruce E. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Rapid delivery of defibrillatory shocks increases survival in patients with cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator interprets cardiac rhythms and delivers electrical shocks, permitting appropriate defibrillation by persons with minimal training. California initiated a program for early defibrillation by basic emergency medical technicians, using manual or automated external defibrillators, and by public safety personnel (fire fighters, peace officers, and public lifeguards), using automated external defibrillators. The program includes a system for reporting outcomes statewide. In the first 46 months under this program, 1487 patients received defibrillatory shocks; 1009 (68%) of these patients had witnessed ventricular fibrillation. Of the latter group, 191 were discharged from the hospital, representing 19% of those with witnessed ventricular fibrillation and 13% of all patients who had had shocks applied. California also implemented a framework of training and medical direction for defibrillation by laypersons using automated external defibrillators. Early defibrillation by basic emergency medical technicians and public safety personnel, encouraged by appropriate regulatory changes, results in gratifying survival rates.
Engineering of a Stable Retroviral Gene Delivery Vector by Directed Evolution
Authors: Halong N Vu, Joshua D Ramsey, Daniel W Pack
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The lack of safe and effective delivery vectors continues to be a critical limitation facing human gene therapy. Viruses offer excellent efficiency but can be difficult and expensive to produce and purify. For example, the production and efficiency of murine leukemia virus (MLV) are limited by its inherent instability; the half-life of infectivity is 5-8 hours at 37 degrees C. In order to generate a stable MLV, we randomly mutated the virus genome and selected for infectivity after prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C. After seven rounds of incubation and infection, we isolated a pool of MLV variants with double the half-life of wild-type MLV. Remarkably, a single mutation in the viral protease (PR), G119E, was responsible for the enhanced stability. Saturation mutagenesis at residue 119 revealed variants with half-lives of approximately 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Double mutants combining the changes at position 119 of the PR and substitutions in the PR substrate-binding pocket exhibited half-lives of up to approximately 40 hours. MLV variants provided two- to fourfold higher viral titers and exhibited increased stability with various wild-type envelope proteins. The improved stability of the variant MLVs will provide more facile virus production and increased transduction efficiency.
Short-term Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide and Prone Position in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: GEMMA RIALP, ANTONI J. BETBESÉ, MANUEL PÉREZ-MÁRQUEZ, JORDI MANCEBO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and prone position (PP) are frequently used in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We compared the gas exchange and hemodynamic effects induced by the combination of NO inhalation and PP in patients with ARDS and analyzed whether or not pulmonary (Pu) and extrapulmonary (Epu) ARDS patients behave differently. Eight Pu and seven Epu ARDS patients were studied in four situations: supine position (SP); SP with NO inhalation at 5 ppm (SP + NO); PP; and PP with NO inhalation (PP + NO). In comparison with SP, NO inhalation and PP induced significant increases in PaO2 /Fi O2 (from 106 ± 58 in SP to 131 ± 69 mm Hg in SP + NO, p = 0.01, and to 184 ± 67 mm Hg in PP, p < 0.001). Pu and Epu ARDS showed a similar improvement in PaO2 /Fi O2 with PP. Only Pu ARDS patients showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in oxygenation induced by NO inhalation from 81 ± 45 to 100 ± 50 mm Hg in SP, and from 146 ± 53 to 197 ± 98 mm Hg in PP. In conclusion, PP is associated with a marked improvement in oxygenation, irrespective of the causes of ARDS, and additive effects of NO inhalation are mainly seen in patients with Pu ARDS.Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; nitric oxide; prone position
Health Statistics: Past and Present
Authors: Dorothy P. Rice
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

This month marks the 25th anniversary of the National Health Survey Act, the landmark legislation in the recent development of national health-information sources. The Act made possible the design and continuing operation of a series of sample surveys, collectively called the National Health Survey and administered by the National Center for Health Statistics, which were intended to elicit data from a society in which the infectious diseases were no longer the paramount threat to life and health.In authorizing the National Health Survey in 1956 the Congress continued an effort that predates the nation's founding. The earliest American settlements kept . . .
Abstract P4-15-08: Discovery of a potent inhibitor of CREB-mediated gene transcription that completely suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: X Xiao, B Li, F Xie, Q Fan, C Xue, D Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Breast cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct and complex mechanisms of pathogenesis. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) form a subgroup of breast cancers with poor prognosis. TNBCs lack the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or HER2 and no targeted therapies exist. The cyclic-AMP (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) is a stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by multiple extracellular signals through phosphorylation. The transcription activity of CREB depends on its phosphorylation at Ser133 by mitogen- and stress-activated protein serine/threonine kinases, which are often dysregulated in TNBCs. The phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) can then bind the mammalian transcription co-activator, CREB-binding protein (CBP), via the kinase-inducible domain (KID) in CREB and KID-interacting (KIX) domain in CBP. This binding event will further recruit other transcriptional machinery to the gene promoter to initiate CREB-dependent gene transcription. CREB is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to normal mammary tissues and the level of expression inversely correlates with disease-free survival. Genetic studies have shown that inhibition of CREB's activity leads to decreased breast cancer cell proliferation. We describe here the discovery of a potent small molecule inhibitor of CREB-mediated gene transcription with in vitro and in vivo activity in TNBCs. Methods: The small molecule inhibitor (compound 1) was reporter earlier by us (Li and Xiao ChemBioChem 2009). Starting from this lead compound, we designed and synthesized a more potent compound 2. The in vitro antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction were evaluated in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells with MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. In vivo activity was investigated in a human xenograft model of MDA-MB-468. The CREB target gene expression was investigated by Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Results: Starting from compound 1, which is a low micromolar and cell-permeable inhibitor of CREB-mediated gene transcription, we designed and synthesized compound 2. Compound 2 potently inhibited CREB-mediated gene transcription with IC50 ∼80 nM. In vitro, this compound inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells with concomitant activation of apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast, compound 2 was not toxic to normal human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo, compound 2 completely suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-468 cells at a dose not toxic to the mice. Conclusion: Compound 2 potently inhibited CREB-mediated gene transcription and TNBC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that CREB is a promising druggable target for TNBCs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-15-08.
A Pooled Analysis of Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and 70 Gy Daily Radiotherapy: CALGB 30904
Authors: Joseph K. Salama, Lydia Hodgson, Herbert Pang, James J. Urbanic, A. William Blackstock, Steven E. Schild, Jeffrey Crawford, Jeffrey A Bogart, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Therapy-Induced Tumor Apoptosis Detected by Caspase-3–Selective Molecular Imaging
Authors: Quang-Dé Nguyen, Ioannis Lavdas, James Gubbins, Graham Smith, Robin Fortt, Laurence S. Carroll, Martin A. Graham, Eric O. Aboagye
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Induction of apoptosis in tumors is considered a desired goal of anticancer therapy. We investigated whether the dynamic temporal and spatial evolution of apoptosis in response to cytotoxic and mechanism-based therapeutics could be detected noninvasively by the caspase-3 radiotracer [18F]ICMT-11 and positron emission tomography (PET). Experimental Design: The effects of a single dose of the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CPA or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide), or the mechanism-based small molecule SMAC mimetic birinapant on caspase-3 activation was assessed in vitro and by [18F]ICMT-11–PET in mice bearing 38C13 B-cell lymphoma, HCT116 colon carcinoma, or MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma tumors. Ex vivo analysis of caspase-3 was compared to the in vivo PET imaging data. Results: Drug treatment increased the mean [18F]ICMT-11 tumor uptake with a peak at 24 hours for CPA (40 mg/kg; AUC40–60: 8.04 ± 1.33 and 16.05 ± 3.35 %ID/mL × min at baseline and 24 hours, respectively) and 6 hours for birinapant (15 mg/kg; AUC40–60: 20.29 ± 0.82 and 31.07 ± 5.66 %ID/mL × min, at baseline and 6 hours, respectively). Voxel-based spatiotemporal analysis of tumor-intrinsic heterogeneity suggested that discrete pockets of caspase-3 activation could be detected by [18F]ICMT-11. Increased tumor [18F]ICMT-11 uptake was associated with caspase-3 activation measured ex vivo, and early radiotracer uptake predicted apoptosis, distinct from the glucose metabolism with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, which depicted continuous loss of cell viability. Conclusion: The proapoptotic effects of CPA and birinapant resulted in a time-dependent increase in [18F]ICMT-11 uptake detected by PET. [18F]ICMT-11–PET holds promise as a noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarker of caspase-3–associated apoptosis in tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3914–24. ©2013 AACR.
Upper oesophageal sphincter yield pressure in normal subjects and in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: C. Stanciu, J. R. Bennett
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Stanciu, C. and Bennett, J. R. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 459-462. <b>Upper oesophageal sphincter yield pressure in normal subjects and in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux.</b> Upper oesophageal sphincter yield pressure was measured in 26 normal subjects and in 69 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux, using a system of continuously perfused catheters. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Perfusion of the oesophagus with hydrochloric acid produced no change in sphincter pressure. The resting sphincter pressure was not related to the degree of oesophagitis nor to the severity of reflux as measured by 15-hour pH recordings. There were significant differences in sphincter pressure recorded by the three catheters either when their orifices were set 5 cm apart longitudinally or when they were at the same level, equidistant around the circumference of a circle. This indicates that spatial orientation of catheter tips influences the pressure recorded from a sphincter.
Evidence that enhanced nasal reactivity to bradykinin in patients with symptomatic allergy is mediated by neural reflexes
Authors: Margerita M. Riccio, David Proud
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine whether allergic inflammation induces nasal hyperreactivity to bradykinin by enhancing neuronal responsiveness.We compared the response to localized, unilateral nasal challenge with bradykinin in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and nonallergic subjects, and in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis challenged in and out of season. Weights of secretions from each nostril were recorded, and levels of albumin and lactoferrin in secretions recovered from each nostril were assayed. Contralateral administration of atropine (0.32 mg) was used to evaluate the role of cholinergic reflexes in nasal hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin.In patients with symptomatic allergy, bradykinin induced greater symptom scores than in asymptomatic atopic or nonallergic control subjects. Moreover, bradykinin caused sneezing in a majority of patients with symptomatic allergy but in none of the asymptomatic atopic or nonallergic control subjects. Only patients with symptomatic allergy showed dose-dependent bilateral increases in secretion weights and levels of the serous glandular marker, lactoferrin. In contrast, bradykinin induced similar increases in ipsilateral, but not contralateral, levels of albumin in all patient populations. Atropine inhibited contralateral secretion and lactoferrin production (p < 0.05) in patients with symptomatic allergy.The induction of sneezing and of atropine-inhibitable contralateral glandular secretion demonstrates that allergic inflammation causes nasal hyperreactivity to bradykinin, at least in part, by enhancing neuronal responsiveness.
Renal Effects of Demeclocycline
Authors: Michael Geheb
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Demeclocycline inhibits the hydroosmotic effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in humans<sup>1</sup>and in the toad urinary bladder,<sup>1,2</sup>the latter a classic in vitro model of the mammalian distal nephron. This effect is responsible for the development of a dose-dependent, reversible form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in humans<sup>1</sup>and for the therapeutic efficacy of demeclocycline in the treatment of the chronic hyponatremia associated with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion.<sup>3,4</sup>Demeclocycline has also been used to treat the hyponatremia often associated with pathologic edema-forming states, in which high circulating levels of ADH may contribute to the water retention characteristic of the severe forms of these disorders. Thus, in some patients with cirrhosis<sup>5-7</sup>or congestive heart failure,<sup>8-10</sup>demeclocycline causes a water diuresis and amelioration of the hyponatremia. The development of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in these patients was predictable; what was not expected was the frequent development of
Contact and photocontact allergy to musk ambrette
Authors: FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA, C.D. CALNAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Musk ambrette, a contact and photocontact allergen, is a synthetic fragrance present in aftershave lotions and many toiletries. Thirty-four patients with contact and photocontact allergy to musk ambrette were studied. All had a facial eczema. Four distinctive clinical pictures were seen. These were plaques of eczema, jawline (mandibular) dermatitis, acute contact dermatitis and chronic actinic dermatitis. Twenty-six patients were light sensitive by history and 10 were diagnosed by clinical criteria as having chronic actinic dermatitis. Patch and photopatch testing to musk ambrette showed that seven patients had pure photocontact dermatitis to musk ambrette. Eight patients had contact dermatitis to musk ambrette but this was exacerbated by irradiation. Cross reaction with moskene occurred. Scrupulous avoidance of musk ambrette has resulted in clinical resolution in most patients.
Closure of Peritoneum
Authors: Thomas E. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the answers by Goldenberg (240:1904, 1978) to the predisposing factors to formation of an incisional hernia, I would agree with all but one of his points. He implies that breaking of a peritoneal closure suture would be a predisposing factor and, therefore, by implication, that closing the peritoneum must be good. My associates and I have not closed the peritoneum for ten years, and I have been unable to find any evidence in the literature to suggest that peritoneal closure is important. In fact, all studies suggest that it is detrimental, causing more intraperitoneal adhesions. Besides the other factors mentioned, I believe that obesity, a larger suture site, sutures placed at least 1 cm back from the fascial edge, and sutures tied to approximate rather than strangulate (if a running suture is not used) should be added to Dr Goldenberg's list.
ASSOCIATION OF UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM INFECTION OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE AND DEATH IN VERY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: GailH Cassell, DennisT Crouse, KayC Canupp, KenB Waites, PeterT Rudd, Sergio Stagno, GaryR Cutter
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Intranuclear inclusions in myeloma cells in a case of nonsecretory multiple myeloma
Authors: Chi‐Shun Feng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Inclusions in the nucleus, compared with those in the cytoplasm, are rare in myeloma cells but have been reported in all electrophoretic varieties of multiple myeloma except the nonsecretory type. In this unusual case, a 54 year old Chinese woman had a pathological fracture of the left femur, and biopsy of the fracture site revealed a round cell tumor compatible with plasmacytoma. A bone marrow aspirate revealed 50% plasma cells, many of which contained intranuclear inclusions. Protein electrophoresis was normal with no paraprotein, and urine was free from Bence‐Jones protein. Under electron microscopy, the plasma cells showed electron‐dense spherules not circumscribed by a membrane. The absence of a membrane was unusual, because according to all reported cases, these intranuclear inclusions were invariably membrane‐bound. The association of nonsecretion of paraprotein in myeloma, which is rare, and the absence of a membrane enclosing the intranuclear inclusions, which is heretofore unreported, is probably not coincidental but causally related in that paraprotein produced in the nucleus of myeloma cells (stored in the form of intranuclear inclusions) fails to be detected in serum and urine because of noninteraction between these inclusions and the membranes of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.
Effect of beta and alpha adrenergic blockade on glucose-induced thermogenesis in man.
Authors: R A DeFronzo, D Thorin, J P Felber, D C Simonson, D Thiebaud, E Jequier, A Golay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

After intravenous glucose/insulin infusion there is an increase in oxygen consumption and energy expenditure that has been referred to as thermogenesis. To examine the contribution of the beta and alpha adrenergic nervous system to this thermogenic response, 12 healthy volunteers participated in three studies: (a) euglycemic insulin (plasma insulin approximately 100 microunits/ml) clamp study (n = 12); (b) insulin clamp study after beta adrenergic blockade with intravenous propranolol for 1 h (n = 12); (c) insulin clamp study after alpha adrenergic blockade with phentolamine for 1 h (n = 5). During the control insulin clamp study total glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and nonoxidative glucose uptake averaged 7.85 +/- 0.47, 2.62 +/- 0.22, and 5.23 +/- 0.51 mg/kg X min. After propranolol infusion, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was significantly reduced, 6.89 +/- 0.41 (P less than 0.02). This decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in glucose oxidation (1.97 +/- 0.19 mg/kg X min, P less than 0.01) without any change in nonoxidative glucose metabolism. Phentolamine administration had no effect on total glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, or nonoxidative glucose disposal. The increments in energy expenditure (0.10 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.01 kcal/min) and glucose/insulin-induced thermogenesis (4.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.5%) were reduced by 70% during the propranolol/insulin clamp study. The increments in energy expenditure (0.12 +/- 0.03 kcal/min) and thermogenesis (5.0 +/- 1.5%) were not affected by phentolamine. These results indicate that activation of the beta adrenergic receptor plays an important role in the insulin/glucose-mediated increase in energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In contrast, the alpha adrenergic receptor does not appear to participate in this response.
Introduction to Medical Biometry and Statistics.
Authors: Raymond Pearl
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the aorta in patients with aortitis.
Authors: M Khalilullah, S Tyagi, R Lochan, B S Yadav, M Nair, D S Gambhir, S K Khanna
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Four patients with aortitis and stenotic lesions of the aorta were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. The peak systolic gradient across the constrictions decreased from 82.5 +/- 35.7 to 37.5 +/- 18.5 mm Hg immediately after dilatation. Repeat angiography in the first three patients performed 2 months later showed a further decrease in the gradient to 13.8 +/- 9.5 mm Hg. There were no complications during or after the procedure, and all the patients have shown remarkable symptomatic relief during the follow-up.
Expression of hepcidin is down-regulated in TfR2 mutant mice manifesting a phenotype of hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Hiroshi Kawabata, Robert E. Fleming, Dorina Gui, Seo Y. Moon, Takayuki Saitoh, James O'Kelly, Yutaka Umehara, Yuji Wano, Jonathan W. Said, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2004)
THE INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: LESLIE T. GAGER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In order to secure a broad view of the problem of hypertension in the community—its epidemiology, in the sense used by Emerson, 1 in contrast with its genesis and course in the individual patient—it is necessary to determine arterial blood pressure in a group of persons who are as nearly as unselected as possible. The data of Theodore Janeway 2 showed the frequency of the association of high blood pressure with various pathologic conditions, and among the important studies which since have developed the knowledge of the incidence of hypertension are those by Alvarez 3 and Diehl and Sutherland 4 on blood pressure in university students; by Faber 5 and Stahl 6 in groups of soldiers; by Aubertin 7 and Wildt 8 in the obese and elderly; by Fisk and Kopf 9 among insurance policyholders; by Boas and Fineberg 10 and by Jones and White 11 in patients with heart
Control of angiogenesis by VEGF and endostatin-encapsulated protein microcrystals and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Goichi Matsumoto, Rie Hirohata, Kousuke Hayashi, Yoko Sugimoto, Eiji Kotani, Junji Shimabukuro, Tomoko Hirano, Yumiko Nakajima, Shin Kawamata, Hajime Mori
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)