tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of auranofin on plasma fibronectin, C reactive protein, and albumin levels in arthritic rats.
Authors: K M Connolly, V J Stecher, D J Pruden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Auranofin, a member of a class of compounds with disease modifying activity, was given to arthritic rats to determine if it could reverse the abnormal plasma concentrations of fibronectin (Fn), C reactive protein (CRP), and albumin, which were unaffected by treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When auranofin was orally administered for two weeks to adjuvant induced arthritic rats it significantly inhibited swelling of the injected and non-injected paws at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg. Rocket electroimmunoassay measurement of plasma proteins in normal, arthritic, and auranofin treated arthritic rats indicated that auranofin at 10 mg/kg significantly decreased (by 77%) the abnormally high concentration of arthritic rat plasma Fn, though it had no effect on Fn concentrations when administered to normal rats. CRP, which was raised approximately twofold above normal in arthritic rats, was reduced by 56% after treatment of arthritic rats with auranofin at 10 mg/kg, though CRP concentrations in normal rats were unaffected by auranofin treatment. Depressed albumin concentrations in arthritic rats were significantly enhanced (by 30%) by dosing with 10 mg/kg of auranofin. At the 3 mg/kg dose, auranofin did not significantly change plasma concentrations of Fn, CRP, and albumin in arthritic rats. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, however, auranofin, in addition to inhibiting chronic systemic paw inflammation, also altered abnormal concentrations of plasma Fn, CRP, and albumin in the adjuvant arthritic rat, thus distinguishing auranofin from standard NSAIDs we have previously tested.
Response to Comment on: Au et al. Body Composition Is Normal in Term Infants Born to Mothers With Well-Controlled Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2013;36:562–564
Authors: Cheryl P. Au, Camille H. Raynes-Greenow, Robin M. Turner, Angela E. Carberry, Heather E. Jeffery
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The comment letter by McElduff (1) acknowledges that our study (2) is an excellent example of the research needed to determine optimal glycemic targets for mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The primary objective of our study was to describe the body composition at birth of infants born to mothers with GDM compared with infants born to mothers with normal glucose tolerance using air-displacement plethysomography (2). Body composition at birth, measured accurately by air-displacement plethysomography, is a more sensitive marker of the intrauterine environment than weight alone, and includes estimates of fat mass and fat-free mass.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that infant body composition …
Indwelling pulmonary artery catheters. Their relationship to aspetic thrombotic endocardial vegetations
Authors: N. L. Pace
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To assess the incidence of aseptic thrombotic endocardial vegetations (TEV) after pulmonary artery catheterization with Swan-Ganz catheters we reviewed all autopsy reports for a two-year period in our hospital. In 413 autopsies there were five instances of aseptic TEV: 3 in 88 patients with Swan-Ganz catheters, 1 in 120 patients with central venous catheters, and 1 in the 205 patients without central vascular catheters. The incidence of TEV is significantly greater in patients with Swan-Ganz catheters than in other patients.
Critical Surgical Problems in the Treatment of Oral and Laryngopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Joseph E. Murray, Knowles Lawrence, Paul Kingsbury, Paul Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

FIVE hundred and sixty-six patients with cancer of the oral cavity, the pharynx and the larynx have been seen at the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital from its opening in July, 1952, through June 30, 1963. This report concerns 288 patients treated before June 30, 1958, with a five-year follow—up evaluation on 223. Eighty-seven additional patients were seen from June 30, 1958, to June 30, 1960, making a total of 375 cases, 290 of which are analyzed in a three-year follow-up study (Table 1). To obtain a complete study, the records of all patients treated with radiation therapy, surgery or a . . .
Availability of Economycin
Authors: M. C. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1964)

appear to overlook one important point.I am referring to the emotional distress and suffering which these patients undergo while they are waiting for the recovery which they may anticipate as the outcome of the " natural history " of their condition.Such suffering is particularly real and distressing in the anxiety, phobic, and depressive reac- tion-types.Cure and recovery are not the only objectives of treatment; relief of dis- tress and suffering is just as important in psychiatry as in other fields of medical prac- tice.The danger of neglecting therapeutic measures such as psychotherapy, medication, environmental changes, etc., because one knows that " natural " recovery will take place in 70% of cases, must at all costs be avoided.One would also like to know how many of the 70% " recovered " because they submitted to the life struggle at a lower level of achievement than might otherwise have been anticipated.-Iam, etc.,
INSANITY IN CHILDREN.Read in the Section of Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: HARRIET C. B. ALEXANDER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Moreau (de Tours) with equal force and truth, strikes at the grave psychiatric error involved in the denial by pediatrists, of intellectual, emotional and moral affections of physical origin in the child. Such disordered mental phenomena were explained as immoralities, as eccentricities, or as the result of defective-education and training. From the time of the great physician of Cos, instances have been cited reversing these opinions. Not, however, until school over-pressure became a burning question was the subject regarded as a topic of general medical interest. The psychological state of the normal child even is much misunderstood. Meynert, with exceeding fullness and subtlety, thus outlines the evolution of psychological processes in the child: Kussmaul has shrewdly indicated certain perceptions and movements common to the fetus in utero, which feeds itself, as it were, by swallowing amniotic fluid. He also indicates that there may be special motives, such as the more
Bad medicine: co-codamol
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK Home Office has recently highlighted the sharp rise in prescribing, misuse, and deaths linked to tramadol.1 We’ve known tramadol as a problem in general practice for years. And death from prescription drugs is but the merest tip of an addiction iceberg, with at least 800 other misusers for every death, according to US data.2 The UK has been slow to acknowledge misuse of prescription drugs, a problem described as an epidemic in the US, where prescribed opioids kill 15 000 people a year2 and misuse of prescription drugs …
Paraquat ingestion with methaemoglobinaemia treated with methylene blue.
Authors: L L Ng, R B NaiK, A Polak
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Nail dystrophy due to diabetic neuropathyNail changes may occur in diabetics in association with trophic changes or ischaemia.We describe a diabetic patient in whom fingernail dystrophy occurred as a result of a bilateral ulnar neuropathy. Case reportA 72-year-old man presented in 1979 with a two-year history of changes affecting the nails of the ring and little fingers of both hands.During this time he had experienced numbness and tingling of these fingers and some difficulty in moving them.He had also had numbness and tingling of both feet for 17 years and difficulty in moving the right foot for one year.A known diabetic since 1962 with retinopathy and glaucoma, when seen he was taking glibenclamide 15 mg daily, metformin 500 mg twice daily, and acetazolamide 500 mg daily.Examination showed shortening, fragility, and yellow discolouration of .ki~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Fingernails, showing the distribution of nail dystrophy the nails of the ring and little fingers of both hands (figure).Neurological examination showed wasting of the interossei, decreased ability to adduct and abduct the fingers, right foot drop, decreased pinprick and hght touch sensation over the ring and little fingers of both hands, decreased pinprick and light touch sensation up to the mid shin level on both sides, absent vibration sensation over the ankles, and absent ankle jerks.Mycological examination of clippings from the affected fingemnails gave negative results.It,was concluded that he had a mononeuritis multiplex affecting the ulnar and right popliteal nerves and that the fingernail dystrophy was related to the ulnar neuropathy.
Prevalence and Patterns of Morphological Abnormalities in Patients With Childhood Cancer
Authors: Johannes H. M. Merks, Heval M. Özgen, Jan Koster, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Huib N. Caron, Raoul C. M. Hennekam
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Constitutional gene defects predispose to cancer in children. Such tumor predisposition syndromes can be recognized by specific patterns of morphological abnormalities.To assess the prevalence of morphological abnormalities in a large cohort of patients with childhood cancer and to identify new tumor predisposition syndromes.Patients were recruited from Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between January 2000 and March 2003. A total of 1073 patients underwent a physical examination directed at 683 morphological abnormalities. The patient cohort consisted of 898 long-term survivors of childhood cancer and 175 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer. The control group consisted of 1007 schoolchildren examined in an identical way. Mean ages of patients and controls were 21.2 and 10.4 years, respectively.Prevalence and patterns of morphological abnormalities in patients compared with controls. To prevent age bias, only age-independent abnormalities were used for overall prevalence analysis. Patients younger than 9 years were excluded from the pattern analysis. The sample was restricted to white patients to prevent ethnicity bias.Morphological abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in pediatric patients with cancer. Major abnormalities were present in 26.8% of patients vs 15.5% of controls (P < .001) and minor anomalies in 65.1% of patients vs 56.2% of controls (P < .001). Three or more minor anomalies were detected in 15.2% of patients vs 8.3% in controls (P < .001). Forty-two patients were diagnosed with an established tumor predisposition syndrome. Multivariate analyses showed 14 morphological abnormalities to occur significantly more often in the patient group. For 2 of these (blepharophimosis and asymmetric lower limbs), we identified statistically significant patterns of co-occurring morphological abnormalities suggestive of new tumor predisposition syndromes. Thirty-four patients fit 1 of the 2 novel tumor predisposition patterns.Pediatric patients with cancer show a significantly higher prevalence of morphological abnormalities compared with controls. Specific patterns of morphological abnormalities indicate possible unrecognized tumor predisposition syndromes, but validation in an independent sample is needed.
Repression of the Transcription Factor Bach2 Contributes to Predisposition of IgG1 Memory B Cells toward Plasma Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kohei Kometani, Rinako Nakagawa, Ryo Shinnakasu, Tomohiro Kaji, Andrei Rybouchkin, Saya Moriyama, Koji Furukawa, Haruhiko Koseki, Toshitada Takemori, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Journal: Immunity (2013)
The Nineteenth Veterans Administration-Armed Forces Conference on the Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis
Authors: Emil Rothstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE Nineteenth Conference, like its predecessors, devoted the major portion of its time to the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. There was an increasing interest in the wider field of respiratory disease, however, reflecting the fact that, with the shortened hospital stay and decreased bed occupancy by tuberculous veterans, the staffs of the Veterans Administration hospitals are caring for more patients with chronic nontuberculous illnesses of the respiratory tract. (Witness, too, the evolution of the title of The American Review of Tuberculosis to the broader one of The American Review of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Diseases and more recently yet to The American . . .
Opium Smoking in Laos: A Survey of 40 Addicts
Authors: JOSEPH WESTERMEYER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

An intensive survey of 40 opium addicts in Laos showed that opium smoking, like narcotic usage in general, can be powerfully addicting. As is true of alcoholism in the United States, the families of the addicts appeared to have inordinately high rates of addiction. The sample showed an unusually high proportion of women addicts and addicts from rural areas, but a low rate of criminality. In addition, addiction in Laos was not regularly associated with the severe social incapacity reported among narcotic addicts elsewhere. Unlike narcotic addiction in the United States and Korea, opium addiction in Laos may be an endemic rather than epidemic phenomenon.
IN-HOSPITAL ARRHYTHMIAS AFTER CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY FOR ADULTS: INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Zeliha Koyak, Roel C.A. Achterbergh, Joris R. de Groot, Felix Berger, David R. Koolbergen, Mark G. Hazekamp, Nico A. Blom, Berto J. Bouma, Barbara J. M Mulder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Charity warns of climate impact on poorer nations
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The world's poorest people, in some of the most needy countries, are going to be hardest hit by the impact of climate change, warns a report from the charity Christian Aid. The effect could be so great that it would wipe out any attempts to build sustainable development in these countries.

“No other single issue presents such a clear and present danger to the future welfare of the world's poor,” …
Should terminally ill patients have the right to take drugs that pass phase I testing? Yes
Authors: Emil J Freireich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The United States is considering allowing experimental drugs to be given to people at the end of life. <b>Emil J Freireich </b>believes patients should be able to judge the risks for themselves, and <b>Dean Gesme</b> counters that use of such drugs outside trials will damage both individuals and science
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Leo R. Green
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The last three paragraphs of the editorial are excellent and the six concepts as guiding principles for developing programs are well taken. To quote you, "Most responsible educators now agree that the schools must accept appropriate responsibility to reinforce the efforts of parents to transmit knowledge about the values inherent in our family system and about the social,<i>moral</i>, and physical consequences of sexual behavior." Again. I have much to agree with you in the last three paragraphs. You are very wrong in the first paragraph. You have responded, as if programmed by a computer, to the trigger words "extreme right wing," and "sincerely motivated but uninformed." I imagine that you included the last, just to be kind and in the event that you might find some friends led astray by the "extreme right wing." If you would thoroughly investigate many of the sex education programs that
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression and activation mechanisms as potential targets for anti-tumor therapy and tumor imaging
Authors: Marlous Arjaans, Thijs H. Oude Munnink, Hetty Timmer-Bosscha, Michael Reiss, Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Carolina P. Schröder
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2012)
Abacterial Pyuria producing Bilateral Ureteric Stenosis
Authors: N. N. Gupta
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICjABML 1083 laparotomy was thought to be the traumatic factor, and the authors infer that an associated adhesive peritonitis might have been an additional aetiological factor in causing the haemorrhage.This patient, too, made a good recovery.Whatever the cause of the haemorrhage in the present case it is quite certain that the acute perforation masked the accompanying condition.This coincidence emphasizes one of the dangers of the adoption of conservative treat- ment for perforated peptic ulcer-laparotomy alone can clinch the diagnosis and exclude other possibilities.
Another task for harrassed doctors
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Stress, a BMA colleague remarked this week, is no longer news. Everyone, he said—policemen, teachers, farmers—suffered from it and increasingly were establishing services to help cope with it. Doctors are no exception, and the BMA will itself launch its stress helpline for doctors in a couple of weeks' time. In the meantime a report from the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust on taking care of doctors' health reminds us why it's necessary.

The Nuffield trust is one of those useful, privately funded bodies that produce well researched reports and do good quietly behind the scenes, often in areas which don't attract much other funding or attention. This time it brought together a working group to tackle the twin problems that underlie the issue of reducing avoidable stress and improving services for doctors who fall …
Recurrent Vomiting in a Child
Authors: Paul Gleich
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In the QUESTION AND ANSWER section1of the Sept 7, 1984, issue ofThe Journal, the evaluation of recurrent vomiting in a child is discussed.  When evaluating a child for recurrent vomiting, careful consideration should also be given to the possibility of intermittent hydronephrosis. A child with partial ureteral pelvic junction obstruction can produce hydronephrosis sufficient to cause vomiting that then resolves with dehydration. Examination while in the hospital often shows a normal collecting system bilaterally. A diuretic challenge of this collecting system is sometimes necessary to detect the inadequacy of the ureteral pelvic junction.
Comparison of Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David J. Wilber, Carlo Pappone, Petr Neuzil, Angelo De Paola, Frank Marchlinski, Andrea Natale, Laurent Macle, Emile G. Daoud, Hugh Calkins, Burr Hall, Vivek Reddy, Giuseppe Augello, Matthew R. Reynolds, Chandan Vinekar, Christine Y. Liu, Scott M. Berry, Donald A. Berry, for the ThermoCool AF Trial Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Antiarrhythmic drugs are commonly used for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) despite inconsistent efficacy and frequent adverse effects. Catheter ablation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for paroxysmal AF.To determine the efficacy of catheter ablation compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) in treating symptomatic paroxysmal AF.A prospective, multicenter, randomized (2:1), unblinded, Bayesian-designed study conducted at 19 hospitals of 167 patients who did not respond to at least 1 antiarrhythmic drug and who experienced at least 3 AF episodes within 6 months before randomization. Enrollment occurred between October 25, 2004, and October 11, 2007, with the last follow-up on January 19, 2009.Catheter ablation (n = 106) or ADT (n = 61), with assessment for effectiveness in a comparable 9-month follow-up period.Time to protocol-defined treatment failure. The proportion of patients who experienced major treatment-related adverse events within 30 days of catheter ablation or ADT was also reported.At the end of the 9-month effectiveness evaluation period, 66% of patients in the catheter ablation group remained free from protocol-defined treatment failure compared with 16% of patients treated with ADT. The hazard ratio of catheter ablation to ADT was 0.30 (95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.47; P < .001). Major 30-day treatment-related adverse events occurred in 5 of 57 patients (8.8%) treated with ADT and 5 of 103 patients (4.9%) treated with catheter ablation. Mean quality of life scores improved significantly in patients treated by catheter ablation compared with ADT at 3 months; improvement was maintained during the course of the study.Among patients with paroxysmal AF who had not responded to at least 1 antiarrhythmic drug, the use of catheter ablation compared with ADT resulted in a longer time to treatment failure during the 9-month follow-up period.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116428.
Reversible asynergy. Histopathologic and electrographic correlations in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: M M Bodenheimer, V S Banka, G A Hermann, R G Trout, H Pasdar, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Histopathologic-electrographic studies of ventriculography depicted nitroglycerin responsive and unresponsive asynergic areas were performed in 25 patients. Of 29 areas, 12 improved with nitroglycerin, showing less than 10% muscle loss. Seventeen unimproved zones demonstrated significant fibrosis. Epicardial electrograms showed R waves in eight of nine improved zones. Of 11 unimproved zones, eight had Q waves. Histopathologic-electrographic data from five responders showed less than 10% muscle loss, of whom four had epicardial R waves. Six unresponsive areas had significant fibrosis, with a QS over four. Thus, nitroglycerin responsive asynergic areas are generally comprised of histologically intact myocardium and are associated with epicardial R waves.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Sustained Benefit at 2 Years of Primary Femoropopliteal Stenting Compared With Balloon Angioplasty With Optional Stenting”
Authors: Martin Schillinger, Schila Sabeti, Petra Dick, Jasmin Amighi, Wolfgang Mlekusch, Oliver Schlager, Erich Minar, Christian Loewe, Manfred Cejna, Johannes Lammer
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Proteins and nucleic acids; structure and function. Eighth Weizmann Memorial Lecture Series, April 1961.
Authors: Roger M. Herriott
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Twenty years ago, little was known about the molecular nature of many of the basic processes of living cells. Enzymes had been found to be proteins, but the way in which they were synthesized was not visualized. No function could be ascribed to nucleic acids and their synthesis could not be traced. Even more baffling was the nature of hereditary processes. Watching chromosomes duplicate under the microscope had not provided cogent ideas about the molecular nature of this aspect of biology. Today, as will be found by the reader of this volume, each of these is now partially understood for a few species. M. F. Perutz is a pioneer in x-ray studies of protein structure. He is also the director of the Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, where so many of the recent discoveries were made. Dr. Perutz presents, in less than 200 pages, a
Potassium-Sparing Effects of Triamterene in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: RALPH E. SPIEKERMAN, KENNETH G. BERGE, DELORAN L. THURBER, STAFFORD W. GEDGE, WARREN F. MCGUCKIN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine) was employed alone and in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of patients with group 1 and 2 hypertension. In 21 patients, triamterene alone had an inconsistent antihypertensive effect on the systolic blood pressure, which was minimal in most patients. In 16 patients the combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide (2:1 by weight) reduced the systolic blood pressure slightly more than did hydrochlorothiazide alone. Triamterene alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide produced an increase in the concentration of potassium in serum. Side effects due to triamterene were similar to those noted with thiazide diuretics. In addition, five patients had a decrease in blood hemoglobin concentration, and two patients had reversible alterations in liver function during triamterene therapy. Triamterene may be a useful adjunct for thiazidetreated hypertensive patients by decreasing the likelihood of complicating hypokalemia.