tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of biliary cytology in 100 patients with bile duct strictures
Authors: Tomasz R. Kurzawinski, Alastair Deery, James S. Dooley, Robert Dick, Kenneth E. F. Hobbs, Brian R. Davidson
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tract stricture a tissue diagnosis is essential because of the varied treatment options available. Radiological imaging of a biliary stricture may suggest that it is malignant, but only a tissue diagnosis can be conclusive. The difficulty of obtaining biopsy tissue has encouraged the use of cytology in this field. This study prospectively analyzed the diagnostic value of exfoliative bile and brush cytology methods. One hundred consecutive patients with biliary strictures diagnosed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (60 men and 40 women; median age = 71 yr, range = 31 to 91 yr) underwent biliary cytology and were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised the first 47 patients, who were studied by means of bile cytology alone; and group 2 comprised the subsequent 46 patients, who were studied by means of bile and brush cytology techniques. Seven patients were excluded from analysis because of inadequate follow-up information. A single experienced cytologist examined all samples to determine whether they were neoplastic. Eighty-one patients had malignant strictures and 12 had benign strictures. Combined bile and brush cytology (group 2) was more sensitive than bile cytology alone (group 1) (69% [27 of 39] vs. 33% [16 of 42], p < 0.01). In the patients studied by means of bile and brush cytology methods (group 2), cytologic study of brushings was more sensitive (69% vs. 26%, p < 0.01). No false-positive results were reported in either group (specificity = 100%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients
Authors: R. RUDLINGER, I. W. SMITH, M. H. BUNNEY, J. A. A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Human papillomavirus infections in a group of renal transplant recipients Get access R. RÜDLINGER, R. RÜDLINGER Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. Dr R.Rüdlinger, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zürich, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. W. SMITH, I. W. SMITH Department of Bacteriology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. H. BUNNEY, M. H. BUNNEY Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. A. HUNTER J. A. A. HUNTER Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 6, 1 December 1986, Pages 681–692, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06649.x Published: 01 December 1986 Article history Accepted: 20 May 1986 Published: 01 December 1986
Abstract 5115: Inhibition of STAT-3 by piperlongumine induces anoikis in melanoma cells in vitro and blocks tumor formation potential in vivo.
Authors: Neel M. Fofaria, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The National Cancer Institute estimates that about 76,250 new cases of melanomas will be diagnosed in 2012 in the United States leading to at least 9810 related deaths. Metastasis of melanoma is the major challenge leading to the failure of its therapy. Hence, novel strategies to prevent metastasis are of prime importance. Anoikis is an anchorage independent cell death. Resistance to anoikis is one of the key features of a metastatic cell. In the current study, we show induction of anoikis by piperlongumine, a component of black pepper, by inhibition of STAT-3. Treatment of various melanoma cell lines in low attachment conditions with piperlongumine reduced the anoikis resistance in a concentration dependent manner. This decrease in anoikis resistance was associated with decrease in expression of STAT-3 and its phosphorylation at Y705. Significant down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, which are under the transcriptional regulation of STAT-3, was also observed by piperlongumine treatment indicating the role of STAT-3 in anoikis. Concentration dependent cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was observed by piperlongumine treatment in melanoma cells. AG 490, an inhibitor of STAT-3 phosphorylation, alone induced anoikis in melanoma cells further indicating the role of STAT-3. IL-6 treatment not only increased the phophorylation of STAT-3 at Y05 but also abrogated the anoikis induced by piperlongumine. Silencing STAT-3 by shSTAT-3 sensitized the cells to piperlongumine treatment. On the other hand, over-expression of STAT-3 in SK-MEL28 and SK-MEL-2 cells conferred resistance to anoikis induced by piperlongumine. STAT-3 -/- SK-MEL-28 cells were highly sensitive to anoikis upon piperlongumine treatment. Finally, our in vivo studies established that melanoma cells treated with piperlongumine in suspension condition lost their potential to form tumors in mice. Taken together, our study suggests that the decrease in anoikis resistance induced by piperlongumine was mediated by STAT-3 inhibition. Notably, STAT-3 has been shown to be constitutively upregulated in melanoma rendering it resistant to chemotherapy and potential to metastasize. [Supported in part by R01 grant CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: Neel M. Fofaria, Sanjay K. Srivastava. Inhibition of STAT-3 by piperlongumine induces anoikis in melanoma cells in vitro and blocks tumor formation potential in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5115
Differential adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human respiratory epithelial cells in primary culture.
Authors: M C Plotkowski, M Chevillard, D Pierrot, D Altemayer, J M Zahm, G Colliot, E Puchelle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Human nasal polyps in outgrowth culture were used to study the Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to respiratory cells. By scanning electron microscopy, P. aeruginosa were seen associated with ciliated cells, but by transmission electron microscopy, bacteria were never seen at the interciliary spaces or attached along cilia, but were identified trapped at the extremities of cilia, usually as bacterial aggregates. A fibronectin-containing fibrillar material was seen associated with aggregated bacteria. By time-lapse video microscopy, bacteria were seen to aggregate in the culture medium following their addition to the culture wells. Progressively, these aggregates were trapped by cilia or attached to migrating cells of a lower cell layer that protruded beneath the upper layer cells, at the outgrowth periphery. P. aeruginosa adhesion to these lower cell layer migrating cells was significantly higher than to ciliated or nonciliated cells of the upper cell layer. Migrating cells were intensely labeled by the complexes Con A and arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA)-FITC, in contrast to the other cells. The percentage of PNA-labeled cells with attached bacteria was significantly higher than that without bacteria. These results suggest that changes of cell surface glycoconjugates related with cell migration may favor P. aeruginosa adhesion to respiratory cells.
Gender difference of insecure attachment: Universal or culture-specific?
Authors: Nanxin Li, Jibo He, Tonggui Li
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Our research in China does not show gender differences in insecure attachment patterns. We believe that cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies may help to explain this phenomenon. Mating and parenting circumstances in China do not allow males to adopt a zero-investment strategy. In addition, attachment styles are transmitted across generations and last for the whole lifespan. Here, we argue that the influence of mating and parenting on the well-developed attachment patterns in childhood is relatively small.
Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in addition to albuminuria is important in managing type II diabetes
Authors: A.P.S. Kong, W.Y. So, C.C. Szeto, N.N. Chan, A. Luk, R.C.W. Ma, R. Ozaki, V.W.S. Ng, C.S. Ho, C.W.K. Lam, C.C. Chow, C.S. Cockram, J.C.N. Chan, P.C.Y. Tong
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Direct Binding Studies of Adrenergic Receptors: Biochemical, Physiologic, and Clinical Implications
Authors: ROBERT J. LEFKOWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Recently developed radioligand binding techniques permit direct investigation of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors for catecholamines in a wide variety of tissues. These techniques allow the receptors to be quantitated, characterized, and studied under varying conditions of physiologic and pathophysiologic interest. They are providing fresh insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous catecholamines and other hormones regulate the properties of the adrenergic receptors and, in turn, control tissue sensitivity to catecholamine action.
Urinary Hydroxyproline in the Elderly with Low Leucocyte Ascorbic Acid Levels
Authors: A. C. W. Windsor, C. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Fourteen elderly patients aged 58 to 91 with varying leucocyte ascorbic acid levels had urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios measured before, during, and after treatment with ascorbic acid 1 g. daily for six days. The ratio increased during treatment in those patients whose initial ascorbic acid levels were below 15mug./10(8) white blood cells. It is suggested that collagen metabolism may be impaired in these patients, and that all such patients should receive ascorbic acid supplements.
Very Dense Bones in a 57-Year-Old Man
Authors: N. Thorne Griscom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Richard Steckel: This patient was a 57-year-old restaurateur who complained of 5 years of intermittent pain in the right ankle. He had fallen down a flight of stairs 5 years previously and severely sprained his right ankle. He had pain and swelling for a few days thereafter, but roentgenograms were said to have shown no fracture. He had been in good health all his life except for vague pains for the last 4 or 5 years in the hips, buttocks, low back, and knees. About 4 years previously he had a 3-month episode of painful swelling of the left great toe, and he was considered to have gout. Nine months prior to admission to Massachusetts General Hospital he had a cholecystectomy; he felt that his musculoskeletal symptoms had improved since then. However, he continued to have fatty food intolerance. He maintained that both his mild abdominal and his musculoskeletal
Effects of rose bengal on bile secretion in the rabbit: inhibition of a bile salt-independent fraction
Authors: D. Dhumeaux, S. Erlinger, J.-P. Benhamou, R. Fauvert
Journal: Gut (1970)

The authors have studied the influence of rose bengal, and, by comparison, of uranin, on choleresis in the rabbit. Uranin induced an increase in bile flow and a decrease in bile salt concentration in bile. These results are consistent with an osmotic mechanism, as proposed by Sperber (1959). By contrast, rose bengal induced a marked decrease in bile flow and an increase in bile salt concentration. In rose bengal-treated animals (30 μmoles per kilogram body weight intravenously), bile flow was 65% lower and bile salt concentration 95% higher than in control animals studied during the same periods. The relationship between bile flow and bile salt excretion is consistent in the rabbit, with the existence of a bile salt-independent secretion of 60 mg per minute per kilogram body weight, that is, 60% of bile flow. In rose bengal-treated animals, this fraction was only 15 mg per minute per kilogram body weight. It is concluded that rose bengal inhibits the bile salt-independent fraction. Rose bengal, as other phtalein dyes, is excreted by the liver cells. Its effect on the bile salt-independent fraction suggests that this fraction is secreted by the hepatocytes.
Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Authors: J M Spalding
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Guillain-Barre syndromeThe Guillain-Barre syndrome is a subacute polyneuritis, sometimes causing very severe weakness.It was described in 1859 by Landry' and in 1916 by Guillain, Barre, and Strohl.2Apart from eponyms including two, three, or four of these authors' names it has been called polyneuritis or polyneuropathy, qualified as acute febrile, acute toxic, infective, postinfectious, and "with facial diplegia"; and syllables have been multiplied to acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis, polyneuronitis, and similar names.It develops over days or weeks, reaching its worst within two weeks in half the cases and within four weeks in 90,.3-5Most patients resume their normal occupation within six months, though their recovery may continue for as much as two years.Only a few patients are left with permanent weakness, and prediction is not possible in the early stages, complete paralysis being compatible with complete recovery.4Often the first symptom is numbness of the toes and fingers, but weakness of the legs and then the arms follows rapidly, all segments of the limbs being affected.There is usually facial weakness, and this may be an important sign if acute disease of the spinal cord is in the differential diagnosis.The facial weakness almost always is bilateral, so that the two sides of the face cannot be compared, but it is unlikely to be missed if the observer tries to open the patient's eyes while the patient tries to close them.In spite of the early numbness superficial sensory loss can be hard to demonstrate, but there is usually impairment of position sense of the joints.
Chronic lead intoxication mimicking motor neurone disease.
Authors: A. M. Campbell, E. R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDIBALRJURNAa sexual contact by gonorrhoea patients is a valid candidate for the procedure known as " epidemiologic treatment " even when cul- tures (which may miss 20%, or more of such gonococcal infections) are negative.If chemotherapy is adequate, a link in a chain of infection may thus be broken.A patient who would refuse a diagnosis of venereal disease may willingly accept this precautionary measure, just as chemoprophylaxis is accepted for ophthalmia neonatorum.-Iam, etc
715-3 Cost Implications of Aortic Counterpulsation in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: J. David Talley, E. Magnus Ohman, Barry S. George, Morton J. Kern, Christopher J. White, Conor Lundergan, Joseph R. Hartmann, Paul A. Gurbel, Harry R. Phillips, Lisa G. Berdan, Lai Choi Lam, Robert M. Califf, Daniel B. Mark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Antitumor effect in medulloblastoma cells by gefitinib: Ectopic HER2 overexpression enhances gefitinib effects in vivo
Authors: Daniela Meco, Tiziana Servidei, Anna Riccardi, Cristiano Ferlini, Gabriella Cusano, Gian Franco Zannoni, Felice Giangaspero, Riccardo Riccardi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

The effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor gefitinib on cell growth and signaling were evaluated in three medulloblastoma (MB) cell lines (D283, D341, Daoy), one supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell line (PFSK), and four MB primary cultures. Cell lines showed diverse expression of EGFR and human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2), with high levels of constitutively activated HER2 in the HER2-overexpressing D341 and D283 cells. Gefitinib sensitivity varied across lines and was not related to expression of HER receptors or receptor baseline activation. Gefitinib induced G(0)/G(1) arrest in all lines, whereas apoptosis was dose-dependently induced only in D283 and D341 cells. The molecular response to gefitinib was investigated in Daoy and D341 lines, which showed a higher (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 3.8 microM) and lower (IC(50), 6.6 microM) sensitivity to the agent, respectively. Gefitinib inhibited constitutive and EGF-triggered EGFR phosphorylation in both lines but was ineffective in constitutive activation of HER2 in D341 cells. Phosphorylated AKT inhibition paralleled that of phosphorylated EGFR, suggesting the presence of an autocrine gefitinib-sensitive EGFR/AKT pathway. On the whole, EGF-dependent signaling was less responsive to ligand stimulation and gefitinib inhibition in D341 cells, which correlated with the lower sensitivity to gefitinib's antiproliferative effect of this line. In vivo, the growth of D341 and Daoy xenografts treated with gefitinib at 150 mg/kg per day was inhibited by approximately 50%. Ectopically overexpressed HER2 in Daoy cells significantly increased sensitivity to gefitinib's antitumor effects in vivo (tumor volume inhibition = 78%). Our data indicate that gefitinib might be a molecularly targeted agent for the treatment of MB.
Myc-mediated repression of microRNA-34a promotes high-grade transformation of B-cell lymphoma by dysregulation of FoxP1
Authors: Vanessa J. Craig, Sergio B. Cogliatti, Jochen Imig, Christoph Renner, Stefan Neuenschwander, Hubert Rehrauer, Ralph Schlapbach, Stephan Dirnhofer, Alexander Tzankov, Anne Müller
Journal: Blood (2011)
Dietary recommendations for the community towards the postponement of coronary heart disease.
Authors: A G Shaper, J W Marr
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The public has recently been confronted with many, often conflicting, recommendations about diet and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary recommendations to the community designed to lower the risk of CHD should be specific, clear, and brief. People should be advised to reduce their intake of foods that are high in saturated fats and replace these partially with foods that are relatively high in polyunsaturated fats. This will lower both total fat and dietary cholesterol intakes and will also change the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats.
The Paneth Cell, Caloric Restriction, and Intestinal Integrity
Authors: Hans Clevers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A recent study shows that both caloric restriction and the drug rapamycin (now known as sirolimus) reshape the small intestine by inducing the proliferation of stem cells while retarding the rate of enterocyte differentiation and that this shift is mediated by the Paneth cell.
Psychologists allowed to prescribe drugs for mental illness
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

New Mexico has become the first US state to allow psychologists to prescribe drugs. The controversial move pits psychologists against psychiatrists and may be followed by similar legislation in other states.

Clinical psychologists hold doctoral degrees and have extensive training in psychotherapy but are not medically qualified. The American Psychological Association has been lobbying since 1984 to gain legislative support for bills that authorise psychologists to prescribe psychiatric drugs. The association argues that it is more cost effective for patients to receive their psychotherapy and drug treatment from one practitioner.

Before …
Phase I Trial of Erlotinib Combined with Cisplatin and Radiotherapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Angélica Nogueira-Rodrigues, Cláudio C. do Carmo, Célia Viegas, Felipe Erlich, Cláudia Camisão, Karina Fontão, Roberta Lima, Daniel Herchenhorn, Renato G. Martins, Giulliana M. Moralez, Isabele A. Small, Carlos G. Ferreira
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: This phase I trial was aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose and related toxicity of erlotinib (E) when administered concurrently with standard chemoradiation (CRT) for cervical cancer. Experimental Design: In a modified Fibonacci design, the study aimed to study three cohorts of at least three patients receiving escalating doses of erlotinib (50/100/150 mg) combined with cisplatin (40 mg/m2, weekly, 5 cycles) and radiotherapy (external beam 4,500 cGy in 25 fractions, followed by 4 fractions/600 cGy/weekly of brachytherapy) in squamous cell cervical carcinoma patients, stage IIB to IIIB. Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled, 3 at dose level (DL) 50 mg, 4 at DL 100 mg, and 8 at DL 150 mg. Patients presented median age 47 (36-59), stage IIB (46.2%) and IIIB (53.8%). Overall, E+CRT was well-tolerated. Three patients did not complete the planned schedule. One patient at DL 100 mg withdrew informed consent due to grade 2 rash; at DL 150 mg, 1 patient presented Raynaud's Syndrome and had C interrupted, and another patient presented grade 4 hepatotoxicity. The latter was interpreted as dose limiting toxicity and a new cohort of 150 mg was started. No further grade 4 toxicity occurred. Grade 3 toxicity occurred in 6 cases: diarrhea in 3 patients, rash in 2 patients, and leukopenia in 1 patient. E+CRT did not lead to limiting in-field toxicity. Conclusions: E+CRT is feasible to locally advanced squamous cell cervical cancer and is well tolerated. The maximum tolerated dose has been defined as 150 mg. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a combination of erlotinib, cisplatin, and pelvic radiotherapy.
Ambulatory Care Medical Records
Authors: Carmault B. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

System, or as I shall term it, the virtue of method, is the harness without which only the horses of genius travel.  Sir William Osler 1   IN AUGUST 1974, a group of consultants to the US National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics set forth and defined a minimum set of items that should be entered uniformly in ambulatory medical care records. 2 Their purposes included improvement of medical care regardless of the setting in which it was provided and reduction of the present burden on physicians with respect to redundant recording and reporting of data from their records.  Comparability in recording and definition has become much more important than in the past. 3 Fewer physicians are practicing alone. This increases the need for complete records comprehensible to colleagues. Second, physicians are being held more accountable since an increasing part of medical care cost is being paid by insurers (private