tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abbie's abduction and the psychiatric silly season
Authors: K McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

It is difficult to understand what psychiatrists commenting on the abduction of Abbie Humphries thought they were doing. In the days after the abduction there seemed to be a procession of them ready to offer sound bites and happy to speculate on the motives, psychological profile, and even the current thinking of an abductor they had never met and knew little about. Their supply of easily digested but speculative comment to the media did little for the public or for the image of psychiatry.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists is worried about the opinions that some of its members give to the press. The president, Dr …
A 47-Year-Old Woman With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: Kenneth R. Blank
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Morrow's<sup>1</sup>otherwise excellent review of treatment options for a 47-year-old patient with DCIS is marred by the statement that mastectomy is "clearly the safest choice." It is our contention that this statement is based on outdated literature and no longer reflects the standard of care. That lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy is an equivalent choice in terms of overall cure rate—and a superior choice in terms of cosmetic and functional outcome— for many if not most women with DCIS is supported by a substantial and growing body of literature. Indeed, the National Cancer Institute's PDQ "up-to-date" online database<sup>2</sup>on cancer treatment lists standard treatment for DCIS as total mastectomy or lumpectomy with radiotherapy. Morrow reasons that women undergoing lumpectomy followed by radiation will retain an intact breast that retains a 10% to 15% chance for developing recurrent breast cancer, that about half of patients
Quality assurance of drugs used in clinical trials: proposal for adapting guidelines
Authors: Paul N Newton, David Schellenberg, Elizabeth A Ashley, Raffaella Ravinetto, Michael D Green, Feiko O ter Kuile, Patricia Tabernero, Nicholas J White, Philippe J Guerin
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Paul Newton and colleagues propose that clinical trial guidelines should include a requirement to assess and state the quality of the drugs and other medical products used
A MicroRNA Processing Defect in Rapidly Progressing Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Enteral Omega-3 Fatty Acid, γ-Linoleic Acid, and Antioxidant Supplementation in ALI; and Management of Asthma in Pregnancy Guided by Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Bhakti K. Patel, Rekha Vij, Shruti B. Patel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone in the Pancreas and Brain of the Rat Is Regulated by Central Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Pathways
Authors: Dennis Engler, David Chad, Ivor M.D. Jackson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

These studies have been undertaken to evaluate the role of the brain noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways in the regulation of the secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreas of the neonatal rat. When CNS stores of norepinephrine (NE) were selectively reduced by the subcutaneous administration of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63, TRH concentrations were significantly reduced throughout the brain. However, when CNS stores of both NE and dopamine (DA) were depleted by the subcutaneous administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methyl-ρ-tyrosine (α-MT), TRH concentrations in the brain were not significantly altered.
Abstract 3279: Potential beneficial effects of the BRCA1 mutation carrier state on bone strength
Authors: Ying Liu, Hai-Yun Yen, Yankel Gabet, Nancy Wu, Malcolm C. Pike, Baruch Frenkel, Robert Maxson, Louis Dubeau
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We previously suggested, based on observations in a mouse model in which we conditionally inactivated Brca1 in ovarian granulosa cells, that mutant mice are exposed to higher estradiol levels and also have prolonged estradiol exposure unopposed by progesterone due to an increase in the proestrus phase of their estrus cycle relative to metestrus. We sought to examine the biological significance of increased hormonal stimulation in homozygous Brca1 conditional knockout mice and to test the hypothesis that the effect is also present in mice with a heterozygous mutation such as present in human BRCA1 mutation carriers. We use endometrial cellular proliferation as an indicator for short-term effects of a Brca1mutation. Long-term effects were examined by measurements of long bone parameters using micro-computed tomography. The relative effects of heterozygous versus homozygous Brca1 mutations were evaluated by measuring the expression of enzymes involved in estradiol biosynthesis in granulosa cells. Mutant mice synchronized in the proestrus phase of their estrus cycle showed an increase in endometrial stromal cell proliferation in (P = .01). Mutant mice also showed an increase in trabecular bone density (P = .01) and femoral length (P = .02). Protein expression of aromatase and Hsd3B was higher in granulosa cells of mice carrying a heterozygous mutation in their ovarian granulosa cells compared to wild type littermates (P = .005 and .006 respectively). Our results provide a potential explanation for epidemiological observations to the effect that height is associated with increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. The results also suggest that BRCA1 mutations, while associated with increased cancer risk, may also have some inherent advantages such as increased bone strength that may have contributed to the maintenance of mutated BRCA1 alleles in the human gene pool. Heterozygous Brca1 mutations such as present in human BRCA1 mutation carriers are not silent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3279. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3279
Electrical activity of sinoatrial node cells of the rabbit surviving a long exposure to cold Tyrode's solution.
Authors: K Nishi, Y Yoshikawa, F Takenaka, N Akaike
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The right atrium including the sinoatrial node was excised from the rabbit heart, immersed in Tyrode's solution, and kept at 0-3 degrees C for several days. The tissue then was warmed to 36-37 degrees C in well oxygenated Tyrode's solution. Transmembrane potentials from cells in the sinoatrial node region and the right atrium were recorded with microelectrodes. After 3 days of storage, the maximum diastolic potential of cells in the sinoatrial node region decreased, but the configuration of the action potential was identical to that of the pacemaker pacemaker potential in the fresh preparation. After 5-7 days of storage, the sinoatrial node tissues in some preparations showed well preserved membrane potentials and pacemaker activity, while in others, the cells were electrically quiescent, or showed subthreshold oscillatory potentials of low amplitude. Transmembrane potentials could not be recorded from the right atrial tissue after storage for this period. Sinoatrial node action potentials with normal configuration were recorded from preparations stored for longer than 10 days. The sinoatrial cells in these preparations responded well to norepinephrine and acetylcholine, indicating that the reactivity of receptors was well preserved. The results provide electrophysiological evidence that cells in the sinoatrial node region can withstand long exposure to cold and retain their sensitivity to neuromediator action, but atrial myocardial cells cannot.
How many neutrophils are enough (redux, redux)?
Authors: Samuel C. Silverstein, Raul Rabadan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Many chemotherapeutic regimens produce neutropenia, which predisposes to microbial infection. However, not all neutropenic individuals develop infections, so the ability to predict this outcome would be a powerful clinical tool. In this issue of the JCI, Malka et al. describe a dynamic system model of neutrophil bactericidal activity that confirms and extends the concept of critical neutrophil concentration. The authors demonstrate that when the neutrophil concentration approaches the critical concentration, bacterial populations in contact with them exhibit bistability. Their experimental findings raise the intriguing possibility of greater variability in bactericidal activity of neutrophils from healthy adults than heretofore recognized; their model predicts that this could have life-and-death consequences.
Limitation of myocardial infarct size in pigs with a dual lipoxygenase-cyclooxygenase blocking agent by inhibition of neutrophil activity without reduction of neutrophil migration
Authors: Ezra A. Amsterdam, Hui-Lin Pan, Stephen V. Rendig, J.David Symons, Mark P. Fletcher, John C. Longhurst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Decreased Gallium Uptake in Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Authors: JOSEPH G. P. ANG, MICHAEL J. GELFAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake was noted on both bone and gallium scans in the case of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the right ilium (acetabular roof). This combination of findings is probably rare. The mechanism of decreased gallium uptake is unknown, but may be related to decreased blood flow.
Local Angiotensin II Generation in the Rat Heart
Authors: Dominik N. Müller, Walter Fischli, Jean-Paul Clozel, Karl F. Hilgers, Jürgen Bohlender, Joël Ménard, Andreas Busjahn, Detlev Ganten, Friedrich C. Luft
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —To elucidate the local effects of renin in the coronary circulation, we examined local angiotensin (Ang) I and II formation, as well as coronary vasoconstriction in response to renin administration, and compared the effects with exogenous infused Ang I. We perfused isolated hearts from rats overexpressing the human angiotensinogen gene in a Langendorff preparation and measured the hemodynamic effects and the released products. We also investigated cardiac Ang I conversion, including the contribution of non-angiotensin-converting enzyme–dependent Ang II–generating pathways. Finally, we studied Ang I conversion in vitro in heart homogenates. Renin and Ang I infusion both generated Ang II. Ang II release and vasoconstriction continued after renin infusion was stopped, even though renin disappeared immediately from the perfusate. In contrast, after Ang I infusion, Ang II release and coronary flow returned to basal levels. Ang I conversion (Ang II/Ang I ratio) was higher after renin infusion (0.109±0.027 versus 0.026±0.003, 15 minutes, P &lt;.02) compared with infused Ang I. Remikiren added to the renin infusion abolished Ang I and II; captopril suppressed only Ang II, whereas an AT 1 receptor blocker did not affect Ang I and II formation. All the drugs prevented renin-induced coronary flow changes. Total cardiac Ang II–forming activity was only partially inhibited by cilazaprilat (4.1±0.1 fmol · min −1 · mg −1 ) and on a larger extent by chymostatin (2.6±0.3 fmol · min −1 · mg −1 ) compared with control values (5.6±0.4 fmol · min −1 · mg −1 ). We conclude that renin can be taken up by cardiac or coronary vascular tissue and induces long-lasting local Ang II generation and vasoconstriction. Locally formed Ang I was converted more effectively than infused Ang I. Furthermore, the comparison of in vivo and in vitro Ang I conversion suggests that in vitro assays may underestimate the functional contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to intracardiac Ang II formation.
5′-Flanking region polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and their relationship to S-warfarin metabolism in white and Japanese patients
Authors: Harumi Takahashi, Ichiro Ieiri, Grant R. Wilkinson, Gail Mayo, Toshitaka Kashima, Sosuke Kimura, Kenji Otsubo, Hirotoshi Echizen
Journal: Blood (2004)
Decreased Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity in Poorly Controlled IDDM: Influence of ketone bodies
Authors: Harilaos Candiloros, Sylvaine Muller, Nezha Zeghari, Mireille Donner, Pierre Drouin, Olivier Ziegler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To examine the factors that might alter the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients.The subjects were 10 health men and 30 IDDM mem: 10 with good blood glucose (BG) control (HbA1c 5.88 +/- 0.60% [mean +/- SD]), 10 with poor BG control (HbA1C 9.48 +/- 1.05%), and 10 with poor BG control and mild to moderate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (HbA1C 9.12 +/-2.25%, strongly positive ketonuria 3+ and elevated plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate). Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was determined by fluorescence polarization using 6-(9-anthroyloxy stearic acid as fluorescent probe.Membrane fluidity was normal in the diabetic patients with good BG control but significantly lower in the two groups of patients with poor BG control than in the healthy subjects (P < 0.01). The membrane fluidity in the poor BG control groups was also lower in the patients with DKA than in those without DKA (P < 0.01).The factors that most influence membrane fluidity in IDDM patients appear to be hyperglycemia and ketone bodies.
Subacute Constrictive Uremic Pericarditis
Authors: Veerasamy K. G. Pillay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Uremic pericarditis progressed to subacute constriction despite intensive medical treatment in two patients with concomitant metabolic stress of surgery and infection. Total pericardiectomy was successful and should be done as soon as medical measures fail to resolve the pericarditis. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1351-1352, 1976)
Screening for cervical cancer Graphs may mislead
Authors: C M Anderson, J G Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The cost-benefit ratio for cervical screening is less favourable in younger women than older women. Cervical cancer is less common in younger women, and the anxiety generated and the likelihood of unnecessary treatment or of an adverse effect on fertility are greater. Because screening young women may do more harm than good, those who advocate it should not mislead themselves or others about the facts.

Readers should compare the two graphs of death rate for cervical cancer by age shown in …
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT BY PROGNOSTIC NUTRITIONAL INDEX PROVIDES THE ADDITIONAL LONG-TERM PROGNOSTIC INFORMATION TO BODY MASS INDEX IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Takahisa Yamada, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Shunsuke Tamaki, Yusuke Iwasaki, Masato Kawasaki, Atsushi Kikuchi, Takumi Kondo, Tsutomu Kawai, Satoshi Takahashi, Masashi Ishimi, Hideyuki Hakui, Tatsuhisa Ozaki, Yoshihiro Satoh, Masahiro Seo, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Interstitial Emphysema during Labour
Authors: C. W. F. Burnett
Journal: BMJ (1943)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Interstitial Emphysema during Labour Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Towards a Vaccine against Plasmodium vivax Malaria
Authors: James G Beeson, Brendan S Crabb
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

There is little doubt that effective interventions against Plasmodium vivax are needed. An estimated 2.6 billion people live in areas endemic for P. vivax [1], and P. vivax carries a substantial burden of disease with 50–70 million clinical episodes each year [2].
Corticotropin (ACTH) in Heart Disease: Its Paradoxical Effect on Sodium Excretion in Resistant Congestive Failure
Authors: AUGUSTO A. CÁMARA, FERDINAND R. SCHEMM
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Since the spring of 1952 we have undertaken a clinical trial of corticotropin in 21 cardiac patients with resistant edema. Of these, there were eight with arteriosclerotic, eight with chronic rheumatic, and three with hypertensive heart disease, while two had cor pulmonale. Beneficial results were obtained in 17, or 81 per cent of the cases. These consisted of a spontaneous diuresis either during corticotropin administration or after its withdrawal, or an alteration of response to mercurials, the patients subsequently responding favorably, whereas they had previously been completely refractory to the mercurial diuretics.
Health Issues at the US-Mexican Border
Authors: David C. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1991)

With a rapidly growing population, increasing manufacturing activity, and increased interdependence, health issues on the US-Mexican border are demanding greater attention. It is unlikely that any other border in the world separates two nations having such variety in health status, entitlements, and utilization. Binational initiatives in the areas of environmental health and sanitation are clearly needed. Further cooperation between the United States and Mexico in provision of health services is warranted and will probably require enhanced federal funding or subsidies to be successful. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:242-247)
How Physicians Communicate about Advance Directives
Authors: Bruce Leff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters4 May 1999How Physicians Communicate about Advance DirectivesBruce Leff, MDBruce Leff, MDJohns Hopkins Geriatrics Circle; Baltimore, MD 21224 (Leff)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Tulsky and colleagues (1) believe that their study of discussions about advance directives supports a particular explanation for their ineffectiveness: that the discussions have not been of the “quality necessary to improve the abilities of physicians, patients, and families to make decisions in difficult cases.” Although their data suggest that these conversations occur in a sterotyped manner, the findings in no way clearly support the notion that the nature of these conversations is to blame for the ineffectiveness of advance directives. Fortunately, the authors outline several alternative explanations for the lack to effectiveness of advance directives.As ...References1. Tulsky JA, Fischer GS, Rose MR, Arnold RM. Opening the black box: how do physicians communicate about advance directives? Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:441-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Leff B, Zieman S. End of life planning and site of death among frail elderly followed in a house call program [Abstract]. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:S58. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bruce Leff, MDAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Geriatrics Circle; Baltimore, MD 21224 (Leff) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOpening the Black Box: How Do Physicians Communicate about Advance Directives? James A. Tulsky , Gary S. Fischer , Mary R. Rose , and Robert M. Arnold How Physicians Communicate about Advance Directives Jean R. Pascoe How Physicians Communicate about Advance Directives James A. Tulsky , Gary S. Fischer , and Robert M. Arnold Metrics 4 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 9Page: 781KeywordsDecision makingHospitalistsPatient advocacy ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 May 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Somatic mutation creates diversity in the major group of mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chains.
Authors: G Heinrich, A Traunecker, S Tonegawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Using a cloned cDNA of a mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain synthesized in a myeloma MOPC321 (V kappa-21 subgroup C) as a probe we could detect 13 germ line V kappa gene segments. 11 of these were isolated. Using a set of overlapping cloned segments, we showed that nine of these germ line V kappa genes are arranged in two linkage clusters and that they all have the same transcriptional orientation (11, 12, 22). These two clusters occupy 90 and 30 kb of chromosomal DNA and contain six and three V kappa's, respectively. We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of five germ line V kappa's and showed that three of them encode the prototype sequence of V kappa-21 subgroups B, C, and E. None of these five germ line V kappa's encodes the variant amino acid sequences of known V kappa-21 subgroups. We thus conclude that, as in the lambda 1 light chains, the variant V regions are encoded by gene segments derived by a few somatic mutations from the corresponding germ line DNA. Such somatic mutations are not restricted to sequences encoding the hypervariable regions: they also occur in sequences encoding framework regions.
Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma
Authors: Sandra Y. Lin, Nkiruka Erekosima, Julia M. Kim, Murugappan Ramanathan, Catalina Suarez-Cuervo, Yohalakshmi Chelladurai, Darcy Ward, Jodi B. Segal
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Allergic rhinitis affects up to 40% of the US population. To desensitize allergic individuals, subcutaneous injection immunotherapy or sublingual immunotherapy may be administered. In the United States, sublingual immunotherapy is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, some US physicians use aqueous allergens, off-label, for sublingual desensitization.To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of aqueous sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma.The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through December 22, 2012. English-language randomized controlled trials were included if they compared sublingual immunotherapy with placebo, pharmacotherapy, or other sublingual immunotherapy regimens and reported clinical outcomes. Studies of sublingual immunotherapy that are unavailable in the United States and for which a related immunotherapy is unavailable in the United States were excluded. Paired reviewers selected articles and extracted the data. The strength of the evidence for each comparison and outcome was graded based on the risk of bias (scored on allocation, concealment of intervention, incomplete data, sponsor company involvement, and other bias), consistency, magnitude of effect, and the directness of the evidence.Sixty-three studies with 5131 participants met the inclusion criteria. Participants' ages ranged from 4 to 74 years. Twenty studies (n = 1814 patients) enrolled only children. The risk of bias was medium in 43 studies (68%). Strong evidence supports that sublingual immunotherapy improves asthma symptoms, with 8 of 13 studies reporting greater than 40% improvement vs the comparator. Moderate evidence supports that sublingual immunotherapy use decreases rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, with 9 of 36 studies demonstrating greater than 40% improvement vs the comparator. Medication use for asthma and allergies decreased by more than 40% in 16 of 41 studies of sublingual immunotherapy with moderate grade evidence. Moderate evidence supports that sublingual immunotherapy improves conjunctivitis symptoms (13 studies), combined symptom and medication scores (20 studies), and disease-specific quality of life (8 studies). Local reactions were frequent, but anaphylaxis was not reported.The overall evidence provides a moderate grade level of evidence to support the effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but high-quality studies are still needed to answer questions regarding optimal dosing strategies. There were limitations in the standardization of adverse events reporting, but no life-threatening adverse events were noted in this review.