tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global map of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three
Authors: N. Aït‐Khaled, N. Pearce, H. R. Anderson, P. Ellwood, S. Montefort, J. Shah
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global patterns of prevalence and severity of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children in 1993-1997.International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three was a cross-sectional survey performed 5-10 years after Phase One using the same methodology. Phase Three covered all of the major regions of the world and involved 1 059 053 children of 2 age groups from 236 centres in 98 countries.The average overall prevalence of current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was 14.6% for the 13- to 14-year old children (range 1.0-45%). Variation in the prevalence of severe rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was observed between centres (range 0.0-5.1%) and regions (range 0.4% in western Europe to 2.3% in Africa), with the highest prevalence being observed mainly in the centres from middle and low income countries, particularly in Africa and Latin America. Co-morbidity with asthma and eczema varied from 1.6% in the Indian sub-continent to 4.7% in North America. For 6- to 7-year old children, the average prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was 8.5%, and large variations in symptom prevalence were also observed between regions, countries and centres.Wide global variations exist in the prevalence of current rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, being higher in high vs low income countries, but the prevalence of severe symptoms was greater in less affluent countries. Co-morbidity with asthma is high particularly in Africa, North America and Oceania. This global map of symptom prevalence is of clinical importance for health professionals.
Hand-Washing and Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Donald Goldmann, Elaine Larson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Experts in infection control coax, cajole, threaten, and plead, but still their colleagues neglect to wash their hands. Consider, for example, the report by Doebbeling et al. in this issue of the Journal. 1 Presumably, everyone in the intensive care units (ICUs) at the University of Iowa knew of the hand-washing study. They participated in a special education program, including a videotaped demonstration, written instructions, in-service presentations, mailings, and refresher sessions. Observers monitored their compliance with hand-washing instructions and posted monthly summaries of the results of hand cultures. A more aggressive program can hardly be imagined. In addition, easy-to-use dispensers were . . .
Digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in severe acute liver disease due to viral hepatitis and paracetamol overdose
Authors: Sien-Sing Yang, Robin D. Hughes, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The levels of endogenous serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances were investigated during development of encephalopathy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. The 67 patients studied had varying degrees of hepatic failure as a result of viral hepatitis or paracetamol overdose. Serum levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances were significantly increased in both viral hepatitis and paracetamol overdose, with mean values of 0.42 ± S.D. 0.25 ng per ml (n = 36) and 0.53 ± 0.19 ng per ml (n = 31), respectively, as compared to normal control subjects with mean values of 0.01 ± 0.02 ng per ml (n = 21, p < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substances and the degree of encephalopathy in the viral hepatitis patients and with the serum creatinine in the paracetamol overdose patients where renal failure was more severe. No correlation was found with liver damage as assessed by the prolongation of the prothrombin time, serum AST or bilirubin values. Experiments with ultrafiltration and heating showed that both free nonprotein-bound digoxin-like immunoreactive substances and the total digoxin-like immunoreactive substances measured were increased. Column chromatography of ultrafiltrates of fulminant hepatic failure serum on Sephadex G-25 demonstrated at least two peaks with digoxin-like immunoreactive activity. Reduced renal function is an important factor in the increased serum level of digoxin-like digoxin-like immunoreactive substances, but their presence due to liver failure, where there is increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, could be relevant to the development of hepatic encephalopathy.
ABC of computing. Computer assisted medical decision making.
Authors: J Fox, P Alvey
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Remote patient doto interpretotion rronagement Patient interviewing systems Data drivenGoal driven relied on to reiterate faithfully every item which has been stored in it.A simple information retrieval system for the relevant checklists could be very useful: not for making decisions, but for providing the doctor with the basic Remote pat doto proces
The Corporate Organization of Hospital Work: Balancing Professional and Administrative Responsibilities
Authors: John D. Stoeckle, Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ The development of the hospital into a corporation has influenced the care of patients and the work of the professional staff. As a corporate enterprise, the modern hospital has a private agenda aimed at increasing growth and efficiency with an emphasis on technical services, professionals as employees, and patients as customers. These changes have resulted in a decrease in trustee and professional authority and an increase in administrative control. This shift in the control structure has continued in response to the need for accounting and regulation of services and in response to demands for increased growth and efficiency made by an increasingly competitive market environment. Strategies for the reorganization of hospital staff aimed at improving both inpatient and outpatient care are reviewed. The reorganization of the institution and staff, using either a staff group-practice corporation or an administrative staff model, is proposed. Clinicians have new responsibilities for developing collective arrangements for institutional governance, for allocating institutional resources, for providing public accountability regarding the use of these resources, and for defining the missions of care.
Radical Prostatectomy for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Following Initial Active Surveillance: Results From a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Meelan Bul, Xiaoye Zhu, Antti Rannikko, Frédéric Staerman, Riccardo Valdagni, Tom Pickles, Chris H. Bangma, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Points: Drug firms to blame for overlavish entertaining
Authors: L. Gerlis
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Presynaptic terminals contain several specialized compartments, which have been described by electron microscopy. We show in an identified <i>Drosophila</i> neuromuscular synapse that several of these compartments—synaptic vesicle clusters, presynaptic plasma membrane, presynaptic cytosol, and axonal cytoskeleton—labeled by specific reagents may be resolved from one another by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Using a panel of compartment-specific markers and<i>Drosophila shibire</i><sup>ts1</sup> mutants to trap an intermediate stage in synaptic vesicle recycling, we have examined the localization and redistribution of dynamin within single synaptic varicosities at the larval neuromuscular junction. Our results suggest that dynamin is not a freely diffusible molecule in resting nerve terminals; rather, it appears localized to synaptic sites by association with yet uncharacterized presynaptic components. In<i>shi</i><sup>ts1</sup> nerve terminals depleted of synaptic vesicles, dynamin is quantitatively redistributed to the plasma membrane. It is not, however, distributed uniformly over presynaptic plasmalemma; instead, fluorescence images show “hot spots” of dynamin on the plasma membrane of vesicle-depleted nerve terminals. We suggest that these dynamin-rich domains may mark the active zones for synaptic vesicle endocytosis first described at the frog neuromuscular junction.
Partial Inhibition of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current by Methoxyverapamil (D600) Reveals Spatial Nonuniformities in [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> During Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: H. Cheng, M. B. Cannell, W. J. Lederer
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The laser scanning confocal microscope was used in conjunction with the Ca 2+ indicator fluo 3 to examine the spatiotemporal properties of free Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) transients in isolated rat cardiac myocytes. We show that localized increases in [Ca 2+ ] i (Ca 2+ sparks) can be triggered by membrane depolarization in cardiac myocytes when the sarcolemmal Ca 2+ current amplitude is reduced by methoxyverapamil (D600). These depolarization-evoked Ca 2+ sparks are similar in amplitude and spatiotemporal properties to spontaneous Ca 2+ sparks previously observed at rest. These observations support the idea that Ca 2+ sparks are the result of the activation of functional elementary units of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ release. The synchronous activation of a large number of Ca 2+ sparks can explain the increased amplitude and slower time course of the electrically evoked [Ca 2+ ] i transient as well as the presence of spatial nonuniformities in [Ca 2+ ] i during its rise. The data shown here suggest a model for excitation-contraction coupling in which the amplitude of the [Ca 2+ ] i transient is regulated by variations in the probability of recruitment of elementary SR Ca 2+ release units as well as the amount of Ca 2+ released by each unit. Since the activation of each release unit will depend on the local amplitude of the Ca 2+ current, this model can explain the regulation of the amplitude of the [Ca 2+ ] i transient by the Ca 2+ current. In addition, these data indicate that caution should be applied to the interpretation of signals obtained with nonlinear Ca 2+ indicators during the rising phase of the [Ca 2+ ] i transient, when the nonuniformities in [Ca 2+ ] i are largest.
The Netherlands regulates ending the lives of severely ill neonates
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Dutch government is to introduce greater legal protection for doctors who end the life of severely ill and hopelessly suffering newborn babies. The country will set up a reporting mechanism that will scrutinise such decisions and ensure that doctors are not automatically investigated for murder.

Doctors who in exceptional circumstances intentionally end the lives of such babies will be judged by a committee of medical and legal experts to whom all cases must be reported.

Ending the life of a baby will remain illegal. But the committee's advice to the public prosecution service will be crucial. In practice, doctors adhering to detailed criteria drawn up by the profession are unlikely to be prosecuted. …
Practical and conceptual limitations of tissue Doppler imaging to predict reverse remodelling in cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Authors: Bart W.L. De Boeck, Mathias Meine, Geert E. Leenders, Arco J. Teske, Harry van Wessel, J. Hans Kirkels, Frits W. Prinzen, Pieter A. Doevendans, Maarten J. Cramer
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Hemoglobin Syracuse (alpha2beta2-143(H21)His leads to Pro), a new high-affinity variant detected by special electrophoretic methods. Observations on the auto-oxidation of normal and variant hemoglobins.
Authors: M Jensen, F A Oski, D G Nathan, H F Bunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Family members from four generations were found to have polycythemia and increased whole blood O2 affinity (P50; 11 mm Hg; normal, 27 mm Hg). No abnormal hemoglobin bands were seen after electrophoresis on starch gel at pH 8.6 or agar gel at pH 6.0. Analysis of the oxygenated hemolysate by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel revealed two closely spaced bands. When deoxygenated hemolysate was analyzed in oxygen-free gels, the two components were more widely separated. About 40% of the patient's hemoglobin focused at a more acid pH than hemoglobin A, indicating a hemoglobin variant with impaired Bohr effect. Chromatography of globin in 8 M urea revealed two beta-chain peaks, the first of which was eluted at a lower buffer molarity than normal beta chain. Fingerprints of tryptic digests of the aminoethylated chains were done on silica gel thin-layer plates. Tp 14 from the abnormal beta chain had slower electrophoretic mobility and a greater Rf value. Amino acid analyses of this peptide gave values identical with those of betaTp 14, except that it contained one proline residue and no histidine. Since the one His in betaTp 14 is in position 143, hemoglobin Syracuse in alpha2beta2-143 His leads to Pro. Native Hb Syracuse could be separated from hemoglobin A on a carboxymethylcellulose column. The inclusion of 0.1 mM EDTA in the preparative buffers proved very useful in reducing the formation of methemoglobin. Oxygen equilibria of purified hemoglobin Syracuse showed high oxygen affinity (P50 value 12% that of hemoglobin A) and lack of cooperativity between subunits (Hill's n equals 1.1). The alkaline Bohr effect was about half that of hemoglobin A. The proline substitution at betaH21 disrupts the helical configuration and probably prevents the formation of salt bonds that are important in stabilizing the deoxy structure and contribute to the alkaline Bohr effect. Since beta143 His is a binding site for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), it is not suprising that hemoglobin Syracuse had markedly impaired reactivity with 2,3-DPG. Hemoglobin Syracuse auto-oxidized more slowly than hemoglobin A, probably reflecting a slower rate of dissociation of oxygen from fully liganded hemoglobin.
Variation in Proficiency Testing Performance by Testing Site
Authors: Tina M. Stull
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Congress enacted the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) to promote uniform quality and standards among all testing sites in the United States. The performance indicators specified in the legislation are proficiency testing (PT) performance and periodic inspections.Objective.—To evaluate variation in PT performance by type of testing facility during the first year of compulsory participation under CLIA.Design.—All 1994 PT score data electronically reported to the Health Care Financing Administration as a component of compliance with the CLIA regulations were obtained. Over 1.2 million PT event scores from 17058 unique testing sites were sorted into 2 groups based on the type of testing facility: hospitals and independent laboratories (HI) and all other testing sites (AOT).Main Outcome Measures.—Satisfactory and unsatisfactory performance rates for HI and AOT for each analyte and/or test, according to the criteria specified by the CLIA regulations.Results.—The aggregate rates of satisfactory event performance for all regulated analytes, tests, and specialties were 97% and 91% for the HI and AOT groups, respectively. The aggregate odds ratio for unsatisfactory PT event performance for the AOT group compared with the HI group was 2.89, with a range of 2.19 to 7.51 for the individual analytes.Conclusion.—There was a consistent difference in PT performance during the first full year of compulsory PT under the CLIA regulations based on the type of testing facility performing the analysis. Traditional testing sites achieved higher rates of satisfactory performance than newly regulated, alternative testing sites.
Points: Treatment of cysticercosis
Authors: M. B Markus
Journal: BMJ (1985)

reiterated my comment' on the treatment of cysticercosis with metriphonate and by means of radioimmunotherapy.Some other advances should be mentioned.In addition to praziquantel2-4 the anthelmninthic flubendazole has recently been used in the management of neurocysticercosis, with apparent success.5 Injection of quinine sulphate in distilled water into subcutaneous cysticerci has also been reported to destroy the bladderworms, thus obviating the need for their surgical excision.6
Incidence of ulcerative colitis in Cardiff over 20 years: 1968-87.
Authors: E D Srivastava, J F Mayberry, T J Morris, P M Smith, G T Williams, G M Roberts, R G Newcombe, J Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1992)

The annual incidence of ulcerative colitis in the city of Cardiff was examined over a 20 year period. In the decade 1968-77, the mean annual incidence was 6.4 per 10(5) of the population compared with 6.3 for the period 1978-87. There was no difference in the distribution or extent of the disease between decades or between sexes. This contrasts with the increased incidence of Crohn9s disease during the same period. The study included a survey of family practitioners which identified a further 19 patients (11% of the total).
Hazards of Oral Anticoagulants During Pregnancy
Authors: Roger E. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Prenatal exposure to oral anticoagulants during pregnancy may result in defective fetal development or life-threatening hemorrhage. Fetal exposure during the first eight weeks of pregnancy may cause abnormal development of the facial structures, hypoplastic digits, strippled epiphyses, and mental retardation. Midtrimester exposure may result in optic atrophy, faulty brain growth, and developmental retardation. Third-trimester exposure may produce fetal anticoagulation, predisposing the infant to life-threatening hemorrhage in the perinatal period. Anticoagulation with heparin sodium does not provide a clearly safe alternative, since this therapy has been associated with excessive fetal loss.
Abstract 2608: Regulation of response to oxaliplatin by wnt/β-catenin in colon cancer cell lines.
Authors: Myung Ah Lee, Jin Hee Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Oxaliplatin is the standard treatment chemotherapy agent in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, most patients developed the progressive disease after treatment with oxaliplatin due to chemotherapy resistance. Unfortunately the mechanism of resistance of oxaliplatin is unclear. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a role in oncogenesis in many cancer and also involve in the control the cancer progression and metastasis throughout the interaction with the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the response to oxaliplatin regulated by wnt/β-catenin pathway in colon cancer cell line. Method: We used SNU-C2A and HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines. After comparing β-catenin expression in SNU-C2A and HCT116 cells through western blot, we exposed these two cell lines to gradient concentrations of oxaliplatin for 48hrs to examine the sensitivity. The viability was determined by Neutral Red uptake assay (NR assay). To construct a gene silenced cell line, a siRNA against β-catenin was transfected in HCT116 cells. Besides, we stimulated SNU-C2A cells with human recombinant Wnt3a (rhWnt3a) protein to up regulate the β-catenin and estimated the change of sensitivity for oxaliplatin,respectively. We also constructed a HCT116-cis cell line which showed oxaliplatin-resistance. It has been made by long-term exposure to oxaliplatin. Result: β-catenin was highly expressed in HCT116 cell line relatively higher than in SNU-C2A cell line. Through the sensitivity test to oxalipatlin, we confirmed that SNU-C2A cells were more sensitive to oxaliplatin than HCT116 cells. When we transfected β-catenin siRNA into the HCT116 cell line, the cell viability was decreased about 20-50% after oxaliplatin treatment. After rhWnt3a treatment,we confirmed the expression of β-catenin and c-myc was up regulated in SNU-C2A cell line by western blot. After treatment with oxaliplatin, we found that the cell viability was reduced in SNU-C2A cells with β-catenin overexpressing. Moreover,HCT116-cis, oxaliplatin-resistance induced cell line, showed not only the increased protein level of β-catenin but also the upper viability for oxaliplatin compared with HCT116. Conclusion Based on our data, β-catenin is one of the crucial factors to determine the resistance for oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells. Currently we are conducting the analysis with human tissue, and exploring the possible mechanism of resistance developmend to oxaliplatin. Citation Format: Myung Ah Lee, Jin Hee Park. Regulation of response to oxaliplatin by wnt/β-catenin in colon cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2608. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2608
Vascular Theory of Peptic Ulceration
Authors: Daniel H. Manfredi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> From my dissections of cadavers with peptic ulcerations, I suspect that the vascular anatomic pattern may be one of the etiological factors. The constant finding in these cases at dissection is an enlarged branch of the gastroduodenal artery either protruding through the ulcer crater or lying in close proximity to it. In non-ulcer cases the fine plexus of vessels in the gastric wall is finely capillary in nature, with no enlarged vessels. The following questions arise in my mind: Does the 50% to 75% gastric resection merely remove large arteries and allow the gastric remnant to obtain its new blood supply from the intramural finer capillary system? Should treatment of peptic ulcers be confined to ligation of all main enlarged arteries in order to allow the intramural capillary system to assume the chief nutrient role? Such postmortem findings have aroused my curiosity, and I believe that they
A Clinical Lecture ON PAROXYSMAL DYSPNOEA IN CARDIORENAL PATIENTS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO "CARDIAC" AND "URAEMIC" ASTHMA: Delivered at University College Hospital, London, November 12th, 1913
Authors: T. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1913)

DURING the past few years interest in the question of dyspnoea has awakened very considerably.I propose at the
RARE FORMS OF GOUT AND RHEUMATISM.Read before the New York State Medical Association, Oct. 11, 1893,
Authors: JAMES GRANT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Mr. President and Gentlemen</i>:—This I consider "a red letter day " in my professional life's work, and more particularly from the very fact of having received so generous an invitation, through the Secretary of your Association, to read a paper on this auspicious occasion. We Canadians, as a whole, delight in noting the advance of our American neighbors, in almost every line of thought in medical and surgical science. The assembled wisdom of this Association from the great State of New York, almost a kingdom in itself, is only an index to the intellectual power to-day at work in almost every State of your prosperous republic. How gratifying it must be to con over such names as Rush, Mott, McDowell, Sims, Gross, Pancoast, Flint, Sayre, Thomas,Emmett, DaCosta, Bowditch, Goodell, Pepper, Weir Mitchell, Bull, McBurney and a host of others equally great, but too numerous to mention, who by their skill
The History of Surgical Anesthesia
Authors: John B. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Garrison and Morton list four books under the section "History of Anaesthesia," but only two of the four were published in the present generation: they are<i>The History of Surgical Anesthesia</i>by Thomas Edward Keys (G. &amp; M. #5732) and<i>The Development of Inhalation Anaesthesia</i>by Barbara M. Duncum. The former has long been out of print. The republication of this valuable reference at a modest price warrants an accolade for the publishers. Keys develops his book in a very logical manner. He opens with a historical review of primitive anodynes and ancient literary excerpts that suggest the anesthetic state. The descriptions of the men who introduced modern anesthesia (and their fight to have it accepted) are followed by sections on different modes of administration of anesthetics. Newer anesthetic agents are discussed by the author with strong emphasis on the historical development of the agents. Carbon dioxide absorption (an American