tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Fever and Streptococcal Bacteremia in Granulocytopenic Patients With Cancer
Authors: S. Zinner, T. Calandra, F. Meunier, H. Gaya, C. Viscoli, J. Klastersky, M. P. Glauser, John Langenaken, Marianne Paesmans
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Objective.  —To determine the effect of oral penicillin V combined with a fluoroquinolone (pefloxacin) on the occurrence of fever and streptococcal and other gram-positive coccal bacteremic infections in granulocytopenic patients with cancer.  Design.  —Prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled prophylactic trial.  Setting.  —Inpatient setting in multiple cooperating cancer centers.  Subjects.  —Convenience sample with a total of 551 granulocytopenic patients, 95% of whom had leukemia or underwent bone marrow transplantation.  Interventions.  —Penicillin V (500 mg twice a day) vs placebo given in combination with oral pefloxacin (400 mg twice a day).  Main Outcome Measures.  —Occurrence of fever and/or infection.  Results.  —Fever or infection (without fever) developed in 190 (71%) of 268 evaluable patients in the penicillin arm compared with 213 (80%) of 268 evaluable patients in the placebo arm ( P =.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference, -16% to -1%). Bacteremia occurred in 58 (22%) of 268 placebo-treated patients and in 38 (14%) of 268 penicillin-treated patients ( P =.03; 95% CI for the difference, -14% to -1%), primarily due to a reduction in streptococcal bacteremic episodes that occurred in 14 penicillin-treated patients (5%) and in 27 placebo-treated patients (10%) ( P =.05; 95% CI for the difference, -9% to -0.3%). Gram-negative rod bacteremias occurred in only two patients (1%) and in five patients (2%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis also supported the treatment effect on the development of bacteremia.  Conclusions.  —These results demonstrate that the addition of penicillin V to fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in granulocytopenic patients with cancer effectively reduces febrile episodes and the incidence of bacteremia, especially that due to streptococcal species.  ( JAMA . 1994;272:1183-1189)
In situ expression and localization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae opacity proteins in infected epithelial cells: apparent role of Opa proteins in cellular invasion.
Authors: J F Weel, C T Hopman, J P van Putten
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

During natural infection, gonococcal opacity proteins (Opa) undergo rapid phase variation, but how this phenomenon contributes to the virulence of the bacteria is not well understood. In the present immunomorphological study we examined the actual Opa status of individual gonococci during various stages of gonococcal infection of Chang epithelial cells, by probing ultrathin sections of infected specimens with Opa-specific monoclonal antibodies. Our results demonstrate a heterogeneous Opa expression during the initial interaction of the bacteria, but an almost 100% expression of one of the probed Opas during their secondary attachment and entry into the host cells, suggesting a role for distinct Opas in cellular penetration. The association between Opa expression, tight attachment, and bacterial invasion into the host cells could be confirmed with isogenic variants that expressed different Opa proteins. Once inside the epithelial cells, both morphologically intact, Opa positive and morphologically disintegrated, Opa negative bacteria were observed. The loss of Opa immunoreactivity in intracellular gonococci could not be related to the presence of a particular Opa protein, but could be mimicked by incubating the organisms with extracts of sonicated uninfected epithelial cells, suggesting that it was caused by host cell proteolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that Opa phase transitions confer a functional adaptation of the bacteria enabling host cell penetration.
A DEATH FROM TETANUS
Authors: Donald J. Anneser
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  On Nov. 1, 1959, Connecticut had another tetanus death. It represented one more unnecessary loss of life from a completely preventable disease. The victim was said to have spread petroleum jelly over the wound, effectively sealing out the air. He had incurred deep lacerations while climbing a barbed wire fence. Bleeding presumably followed, and the petroleum jelly would seem to have been used to check this bleeding. There are numerous soothing, antiseptic creams on the market for home use on wounds; also, plastic sprays to stop bleeding are being offered to the public. To my knowledge, none of the products in either category claim to kill tetanus spores. It seems that the trusting use of these by mothers and other administrators of first aid would set up ideal anerobic conditions for the development of tetanus in unvaccinated persons. With the fairly widespread immunization of children nowadays this
Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay and pollen tube chromatid aberration test for in situ monitoring and mutagen screening.
Authors: T H Ma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The meiotic pollen mother cells (PMC) of Tradescantia (spiderwort) are highly synchronized in their prophase I and tetrad stages. Chromosomes of this stage are sensitive to physical or chemical mutagens. Thus high frequency of acentric fragments or sticky chromosomes can be induced with very low level of mutagens. These induced chromosome aberrations become micronuclei (MCN) in the synchronized tetrads and they can be easily identified and scored. Based upon these features, the Tradescantia micronucleus bioassay was established. This bioassay involves the exposure of PMC in the young inflorescences of the plant cuttings to gaseous agents through diffusion, to liquid agent through absorption and dialysis from the stem to flower buds, or to radiation. The exposed samples are fixed in aceto-alcohol (1:3) and prepared into microslides by using the aceto-carmine squash method. Frequencies of MCN in a large population of synchronized tetrads are the indications of genetic damage caused by the agents. Mature pollen grains of Tradescantia are free cells which can be cultured in lactose-agar medium. The generative cells in the cultured pollen tubes can carry out mitosis similar to the in vivo condition. The G2 interphase chromosomes of pollen mitosis are highly sensitive to gaseous or liquid chemicals and radiation. Treatments can be applied to these mitotic generative cells of the mature pollen or the mitotic generative nuclei of the developing pollen tube. The mitotic chromosomes of the generative cells are allowed to proceed through mitosis in the culture medium and slides are prepared for metaphase figures. Frequencies of various types of chromatid aberrations can be scored and used as the indices of genetic damage.
Acute Benign Dermatomyositis
Authors: D. Leys
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Silicogis in a Chert-minerThe following case seems to be worthy of record in that it is, so far as I am aware, the first case of silicosis occurring in a chert-miner to be definitely acknowledged by the Silicosis Board, and in fact the only undisputed case of silicosis due to chert yet reported-a recent case having proved negative on post-mortem findings although compensation was paid during life.Che,rt, or petrosilfx as it was formerly called, is a very hard rock or flint stone.It can be of various colours-blue, black, or white.In some cases chert is solid all the way through; in others it is in layers with the limestone, and is called roof chert.It is a compound of silica and limestone, and 80% is mined in Bakewell, Derbyshire.The proportion of silica varies in different specimens, being within the wide ranges of 30%.and 90%.Chert is used for grinding all pottery materials, and in glazing; it is ground into paste in the Potteries.Before this war it was constantly being exported.CASE HISTORY I first sent this man in Jan., 1934, to see Dr. P. Heffernan, who was unable to find any signs of tuberculosis in his chest.Although periodical radiographs have been taken regularly and the sputum has been examined for the tubercle bacillus the results have always been negative.The first, taken in 1934,
PEG-SOD and myocardial protection. Studies in the blood- and crystalloid-perfused rabbit and rat hearts.
Authors: M Galiñanes, Y Qiu, A Ezrin, D J Hearse
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Polyethylene glycol, covalently linked to superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD), has a long plasma half-life (greater than 30 hours) and has been proposed as an effective agent for reducing free radical-mediated injury ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an isolated rabbit heart perfused with arterial blood from a support rabbit, we have demonstrated that pretreatment with PEG-SOD (30,000 units/kg, intravenous bolus, 12-24 hours before 60 minutes of normothermic global ischemia), combined with addition of PEG-SOD to the blood perfusion circuit (30,000 units/kg to the support rabbit) and inclusion of PEG-SOD (150 micrograms/ml) in a cardioplegic solution, enhanced the postischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) from 51 +/- 6 to 74 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.05; n = 9 per group). In further studies we showed that, whereas maximum protection was obtained when PEG-SOD was given as a combined pretreatment and additive to both the cardioplegic and the reperfusate solutions (postischemic LVDP recovery increased from 44 +/- 4% in the control group to 70 +/- 3% in the PEG-SOD group), the administration of PEG-SOD during pretreatment plus cardioplegia or during reperfusion alone also resulted in a significant improvement in postischemic function (62 +/- 7% and 60 +/- 3%, respectively). However, the use of PEG-SOD as a cardioplegic additive alone failed to afford protection (47 +/- 4% recovery of LVDP). In dose-response studies (with 0, 3,000, 6,000, 12,000, 30,000, or 60,000 units/kg; n = 8 per group), maximum recovery of LVDP was obtained with the administration of 12,000 units/kg of PEG-SOD. Studies of the plasma activity of PEG-SOD confirmed its long half-life and showed that the treatment with PEG-SOD either 1 hour or 12-24 hours before the study resulted in similar levels of plasma activity. In an attempt to assess any involvement of blood-borne elements in the protection afforded by PEG-SOD, studies were also carried out in the crystalloid-perfused rabbit heart, and no protection was observed. Similarly, no protection was observed at any one of a variety of doses in the crystalloid-perfused rat heart. CONCLUSIONS PEG-SOD can afford protection in the blood-perfused rabbit heart; this protection is dose dependent and probably involves some action of PEG-SOD on blood-borne elements, possibly leukocytes.
A rampant non-epidemic
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The non-epidemic of necrotising fasciitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which hit Britain in the week of 16 May, was hardly unprecedented as media hype based on misinformation and misunderstanding. But it was surely unique for the failure of commentators, day after day, to check elementary facts and the reluctance of experts to still public anxiety.

The furore began towards the end of the preceding week. A mysterious and horrific “flesh-eating bug” had emerged in Gloucestershire. It was variously described as a virus or bacterium, and doctors were baffled. Resistant to antibiotics, the “superbug” was destroying human flesh at the rate of an inch an hour. Then further cases came to light, some in Scotland, and the bug was said to be “rampant.” People throughout the country became frightened. Abroad, holiday plans for Britain …
Randomized, controlled pilot trial of interferonα (IFN) with or without thymosinα1 (TA1) in naive chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: A. Gramenzi, L. Di Giammarino, C. Cursaro, F. Felline, S. Talarico, A. D'Errico, R. Carella, M. Biselli, P. Andreone, M. Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Level, trend, and variability of blood pressure during childhood: the Muscatine study.
Authors: R M Lauer, W R Clarke, R Beaglehole
Journal: Circulation (1984)

On alternate years from 1970 to 1981 blood pressure has been measured in school children living in Muscatine, Iowa. A total of 4313 children beginning at 5 to 14 years of age have been examined on three to six occasions. To compare blood pressures throughout the period of observation, each value was expressed as a percentile rank. For each subject the average percentile rank (level), the trend in rank, and the variability over time were calculated. Values for height, weight, relative weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were expressed in the same fashion. The relationship between average rank of blood pressure and average rank of body size as well as between trend of blood pressure and trend of body size percentiles were significant (p less than .05). These observations indicate the importance of relative rate of growth in the establishment of the rank order of blood pressure. Using the variables of level, trend, and variability, we identified groups of children who appear to be consistently tracking toward future hypertension: 233 (5.4%) children, whose systolic levels were in the upper quintile with either a flat or rising trend and low variability, and 280 (6.0%) children with systolic levels in the lower four quintiles with high trend and low variability. In addition there were 321 (7.4%) children whose mean systolic levels were in the upper quintile with high variability and who thus resemble adults with labile hypertension. There were similar numbers of children with diastolic pressures showing these features.
Registration of 3D fetal neurosonography and MRI
Authors: Maria Kuklisova-Murgasova, Amalia Cifor, Raffaele Napolitano, Aris Papageorghiou, Gerardine Quaghebeur, Mary A. Rutherford, Joseph V. Hajnal, J. Alison Noble, Julia A. Schnabel
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2013)

We propose a method for registration of 3D fetal brain ultrasound with a reconstructed magnetic resonance fetal brain volume. This method, for the first time, allows the alignment of models of the fetal brain built from magnetic resonance images with 3D fetal brain ultrasound, opening possibilities to develop new, prior information based image analysis methods for 3D fetal neurosonography. The reconstructed magnetic resonance volume is first segmented using a probabilistic atlas and a pseudo ultrasound image volume is simulated from the segmentation. This pseudo ultrasound image is then affinely aligned with clinical ultrasound fetal brain volumes using a robust block-matching approach that can deal with intensity artefacts and missing features in the ultrasound images. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrates good performance of the method for our application, in comparison with other tested approaches. The intensity average of 27 ultrasound images co-aligned with the pseudo ultrasound template shows good correlation with anatomy of the fetal brain as seen in the reconstructed magnetic resonance image.
Effects of vitamin C on nitric oxide/L-arginine pathway in patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Dimitris Tousoulis, Graham Davies, Costas Tentolouris, George Tousoulis, George Goumas, Costas Xenakis, Christos Pitsavos, Stella Brilli, Charalambos Antonlades, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Rhinophototherapy: A new therapeutic tool for the management of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Andrea I. Koreck, Zsanett Csoma, Laszlo Bodai, Ferenc Ignacz, Anna Szabo Kenderessy, Edit Kadocsa, Gabor Szabo, Zsolt Bor, Anna Erdei, Barnabas Szony, Bernhard Homey, Attila Dobozy, Lajos Kemeny
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
TB Control in Russia
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial cell hypertrophy after myocardial infarction with reperfusion in dogs.
Authors: M Kambayashi, T Miura, B H Oh, K Murata, H A Rockman, G Parra, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The potential role of myocardial cell hypertrophy in the ischemic zone in the mechanism of late recovery of regional contractile function after myocardial infarction followed by reperfusion has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight chronically instrumented, conscious dogs were subjected to 90-120 minutes of circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. The thickness and function of the anterior (AT) and posterior (PT) walls was measured by ultrasonic gauges at control, during occlusion, and after reperfusion. After 3 weeks, cross-sectional areas of surviving cells were determined from subepicardial (epi), midwall (mid), and subendocardial (endo) regions in six dogs and compared with those from six animals without infarction, including three sham-operated control dogs. PT systolic wall thickening showed dyskinesia during occlusion but recovered after reperfusion to 48% of control at 1 week and 67% at 3 weeks. End-diastolic thickness of the PT wall increased markedly after reperfusion, but AT and PT walls were only slightly thicker (p = NS) than in control dogs at 3 weeks. Cross-sectional areas of reperfused dogs in the infarct region averaged 279 (PTepi), 291 (PTmid), and 317 microns 2 (PTendo) and were significantly larger than in control animals (237 [PTepi], 241 [PTmid], and 233 microns 2 [PTendo]). PT cell areas were significantly larger than AT cells, ENDO cell areas were larger than EPI cells (both p &lt; 0.05), and ENDO cells of the AT wall were larger than those of noninfarcted dogs (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In dogs with myocardial infarction followed by reperfusion, the cross-sectional areas of cells in the infarcted PT wall were larger than those in the noninfarcted AT wall, and within both the infarcted and noninfarcted zones, cell areas were larger in the endocardial than the epicardial region. In all regions of the infarcted wall and in the ENDO region of the noninfarcted wall, cell areas were generally larger than those of control dogs without infarction, and the control dogs showed no transmural differences in cell areas. The mechanisms responsible for this significant remodeling of the reperfused infarcted zone, which involves myocardial cellular hypertrophy, are unknown, but it is possible that hypertrophy of surviving regions of the infarcted wall played a role in the late recovery of regional function that accompanied this hypertrophic response.
44 SUCCESFUL ISOLATION, CULTURING AND DIFFERENTATION OF HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELLS (HPC) FROM HUMAN FOETAL LIVERS
Authors: D. Alvaro, R. Semeraro, A. Torrice, C. Napoli, R. Gentile, U. Di Tondo, R. Brunelli, M.M. Anceschi, A. Franchitto, P. Onori, G. Carpino, E. Gaudio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Anti-Myeloma Effects of the Novel Anthracycline Derivative INNO-206
Authors: Eric Sanchez, Mingjie Li, Cathy Wang, Cydney M. Nichols, Jennifer Li, Haiming Chen, James R. Berenson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Doxorubicin has shown efficacy especially in combination treatment for the treatment of multiple myeloma; however, its side effects limit its use. INNO-206 is an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin, which is released from albumin under acidic conditions. Because INNO-206 has not been previously evaluated in any hematologic malignancy, we determined its anti-multiple myeloma effects.The anti-multiple myeloma effect of INNO-206 at different pH levels on multiple myeloma cell proliferation using multiple myeloma cell lines with the MTS assay and antiangiogenic activity using the chorioallantoic membrane/feather bud assay were determined. The anti-multiple myeloma effects and toxicity of INNO-206 were also compared with conventional doxorubicin and PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) alone, and in combination with bortezomib, using our multiple myeloma xenograft models.INNO-206 inhibited blood vessel formation and reduced multiple myeloma cell growth in a pH-dependent fashion. INNO-206 alone produced marked anti-multiple myeloma effects in vivo at doses that doxorubicin was toxic, and the combination of INNO-206 plus bortezomib produced increased anti-multiple myeloma effects compared with either agent alone. In contrast, all mice receiving bortezomib with doxorubicin or PLD died.These findings show that INNO-206 produces anti-multiple myeloma effects in vitro and in vivo. It also enhances the antitumor effects of bortezomib. These results suggest that INNO-206 may provide patients with multiple myeloma with an anthracycline that may be administered safely at higher doses compared with free doxorubicin, resulting in superior efficacy compared with the currently available anthracyclines to treat this B-cell malignancy.
CTLA-4 genotype and relapse incidence in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission after induction chemotherapy
Authors: A Pérez-García, S Brunet, J J Berlanga, M Tormo, J Nomdedeu, R Guardia, J M Ribera, I Heras, A Llorente, M Hoyos, J Esteve, J Besalduch, J Bueno, J Sierra, D Gallardo
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Five amino acids in three HLA proteins explain most of the association between MHC and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Soumya Raychaudhuri, Cynthia Sandor, Eli A. Stahl, Jan Freudenberg, Hye Soon Lee, Xiaoming Jia, Lars Alfredsson, Leonid Padyukov, Lars Klareskog, Jane Worthington, Katherine A. Siminovitch, Sang Cheol Bae, Robert M. Plenge, Peter K. Gregersen, Paul I W De Bakker
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Stayin' alive with quantum physics
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Discos have always been rather an ordeal for me. I am musically dyslexic and, in the tribal society of adolescence, I should rightly have been considered disabled. Instead, at school I played rugby and read “nerdish” books. One was the incisive Chance and Necessity by Jacques Monod. Man is a machine, he asserted, and free will an illusion

Later, when I made the crossover from theoretical physics to medicine, I was surprised …
Generalized Bullous Eruption Following Testing for Sulfonamide Hypersensitivity
Authors: David A. Straus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ERYTHEMA multiforme exudativum is a well recognized clinical entity, but despite extensive investigation its etiology is obscure.1 2 3 4 Eruptions due to drug idiosyncrasy, which are compatible with the clinical picture of erythema multiforme exudativum, are not uncommon and have frequently been described.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The sulfonamides are among the drugs that have been incriminated.5 6 7 8 9 There is no real agreement, however, regarding whether such an eruption, although morphologically and clinically indistinguishable from the idiopathic erythema multiforme exudativum, should be classified as truly part of the syndrome.2 , 4 Regardless of how this drug reaction is classified, the importance of establishing or excluding the sulfonamides as etiologic . . .