tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human and animal health: strengthening the links
Authors: Caroline J Hewson, Tim Lang
Journal: BMJ (2005)

E DITOR—The avian flu threat shows the importance of links between the medical and veterinary professions, but the debate needs to extend into the hidden costs of current food policy.

Food policy is still excessively reliant on market efficiencies, by minimising price and maximising choice.1 Although the obesity epidemic has brought the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) together …
Stem cell membrane engineering for cell rolling using peptide conjugation and tuning of cell–selectin interaction kinetics
Authors: Hao Cheng, Marta Byrska-Bishop, Cathy T. Zhang, Christian J. Kastrup, Nathaniel S. Hwang, Albert K. Tai, Won Woo Lee, Xiaoyang Xu, Matthias Nahrendorf, Robert Langer, Daniel G. Anderson
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Scintigraphic Findings in Renal Malakoplakia
Authors: JOSEPH E. COX, ROBERT J. COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The scintigraphic findings in a rare case of bilateral renal malakoplakia are presented. Markedly increased Ga-67 activity was present in both kidneys in sites corresponding to focal cortical defects on Tc-99m gluceptate (glucoheptonate) imaging. Interestingly, there was no abnormal renal activity with In-111 leukocyte scanning.
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry: An Annual Review
Authors: H. Houston Merritt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book, the 15th in an annual review series, presents the advances in the basic sciences and clinical fields related to neurology and psychiatry. The editor, who is Professor of Experimental Neurology at Temple University, Philadelphia, was assisted in the preparation of this volume by individuals who have expert knowledge of various aspects of this subject. The book is divided into 35 chapters and has 66 contributors. The extent of the literature in the field of neurology and psychiatry is attested by the fact that the authors have selected 4,400 publications for review and analysis. The book has 4 main divisions—basic sciences, neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. This makes it possible for the specialist in each of the clinical fields to concentrate on his particular interest. As was the case in all previous editions, the contributors have made an excellent summary and analysis of most, if not all, of the pertinent
Features of autoimmune hepatitis in primary sclerosing cholangitis: An evaluation of 114 primary sclerosing cholangitis patients according to a scoring system for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: K M Boberg, O Fausa, T Haaland, E Holter, O J Mellbye, A Spurkland, E Schrumpf
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Overlapping features between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have previously been noted. To assess systematically similarities between these disorders, we have evaluated 114 PSC patients (36 women; 78 men), all confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), according to a scoring system proposed by The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group for the diagnosis of AIH. The scoring system attributes positive or negative scores to the parameters sex, ratio of elevation of serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) vs. aminotransferase, serum levels of immunoglobulins and autoantibodies, viral markers, history of drug and alcohol intake, genetic factors, liver histology, and response to therapy. Two of the PSC patients (2%) obtained scores above 15 before treatment, satisfying the diagnostic criterion of "definite" AIH. Thirty-eight patients (33%) scored between 10 and 15 points and could be classified as "probable" AIH. The serum level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was elevated in 68 patients (61% of 111 cases tested), and positive titers of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) or smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) were detected in 24 patients (22% of 111 cases tested). Thirty-five of the PSC patients (33% of 105 evaluable biopsy specimens) obtained positive scores for histological features similar to those of AIH, but the total score for histology was in the negative range in 72 patients (69%) because of the presence of biliary changes. The frequent finding of high scores in PSC patients underlines the similarities PSC may have with AIH. A modification of the scoring system, in particular by increasing the negative score for histological biliary changes, would improve its potential to discriminate between AIH and PSC.
Plasma Norepinephrine Levels in Essential Hypertension
Authors: William J. Louis, Austin E. Doyle, Sadanand Anavekar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In 31 patients with essential hypertension there was a close relation between resting diastolic blood pressure and basal plasma norepinephrine concentrations (r = 0.741, p < 0.001). After ganglionic blockade there was a highly significant correlation between change in resting blood pressure and change in plasma norepinephrine (r = 0.813, p < 0.001). Moreover, patients with the highest resting blood pressure had the largest falls in blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine. These results suggest that the level of the blood pressure in essential hypertension is at least in part dependent on excess sympathetic activity.
Gender Disparities in Health Care-Reply
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Ms Jung raises important concerns that must be addressed in the ongoing exploration of gender disparities. There has been inadequate study of, and concern about, the role of physician gender in clinical decision making. The Council did not include a full discussion of physician gender in its report because of space considerations. Nonetheless, the Council did not ignore the possibility that physician gender may influence gender disparities and concluded that gender disparities may be mitigated by "increasing the number of female physicians in leadership roles... in teaching, research, and the practice of medicine." The Council did not assume that all physicians are men, and gender bias is not confined to them. In the Weisman and Teitelbaum<sup>1</sup>review cited by Jung, the authors observed that "male and female<i>patients</i>[emphasis added] are perceived differently, but to date there is no evidence that male and female<i>physicians</i>[emphasis added]
Chemical behavior of aluminum and phosphorus during dissolution of glass fibers in physiological saline solutions.
Authors: P Baillif, J C Touray
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The dissolution of textile glass fibers of four different compositions has been investigated at 37 degrees C. In these glasses, which are isolation type, the P2O5 contents scatter between 0 and 2 wt% and Al2O3 from 0.12 to 3.4 wt%. Both static (30-mg fibers; 250-ml solution) and dynamic (50-mg fibers; 40 ml/day flow rate) conditions with or without bubbling of a gas mixture (95:5, N2-CO2) have been used. Two physiological solutions, one proposed by Kanapilly and the other by Scholtze, were used. After each run (1, 3, 7, 14, and sometimes 30, 62 days) the solutions were analyzed for B and Si by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), the weight losses were determined, and the residual solid were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Static runs give a better agreement between measured and calculated weight losses from solution analyses than dynamic experiments. SEM examinations indicate diameter reduction and formation of a hydrated Si-rich layer. Sometimes hollow tubes, suggesting the detachment of these layers, are observed. XPS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicate the formation of a veneer of calcium phosphate for the most rapidly dissolving glass. In other cases an Al increase is observed at the solid solution interface. Whatever experimental conditions are used, the relative dissolution rates of the four glasses are identical. The kinetics may be modeled with variable dissolution rates from initial high values to final low ones. The latter reflect the very low solubility of the residual product.
Effect of colesevelam on liver fat quantified by magnetic resonance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thuy-Anh Le, Joshua Chen, Christopher Changchien, Michael R. Peterson, Yuko Kono, Heather Patton, Benjamin L. Cohen, David Brenner, Claude Sirlin, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Bile acid sequestrants (BAS) lower plasma low density lipoprotein levels and improve glycemic control. Colestimide, a BAS, has been claimed by computed tomography to reduce liver fat. Therefore, we examined the efficacy of colesevelam, a potent BAS, to decrease liver fat in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver fat was measured by a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, the proton-density-fat-fraction (PDFF), as well as by conventional MR spectroscopy (MRS). Fifty patients with biopsy-proven NASH were randomly assigned to either colesevelam 3.75 g/day orally or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change in liver fat as measured by MRI-PDFF in colocalized regions of interest within each of the nine liver segments. Compared with placebo, colesevelam increased liver fat by MRI-PDFF in all nine segments of the liver with a mean difference of 5.6% ( P = 0.002). We cross-validated the MRI-PDFF-determined fat content with that assessed by colocalized MRS; the latter showed a mean difference of 4.9% ( P = 0.014) in liver fat between the colesevelam and the placebo arms. MRI-PDFF correlated strongly with MRS-determined hepatic fat content ( r 2 = 0.96, P &lt; 0.0001). Liver biopsy assessment of steatosis, cellular injury, and lobular inflammation did not detect any effect of treatment. Conclusion: Colesevelam increases liver fat in patients with NASH as assessed by MRI as well as MRS without significant changes seen on histology. Thus, MRI and MRS may be better than histology to detect longitudinal changes in hepatic fat in NASH. Underlying mechanisms and whether the small MR-detected increase in liver fat has clinical consequences is not known.
Reply to Kwang Hyun Kim and Koon Ho Rha's Letter to the Editor re: Steven Joniau, Laura Van den Bergh, Evelyne Lerut, et al. Mapping of Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2013;63:450–8
Authors: Lorenzo Tosco, Laura Van den Bergh, Steven Joniau
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Edmund Henry Hemsted
Authors: J B Hemsted
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant pathologist Royal Berkshire Hospital (b Kintbury 1914; q Cambridge/ London 1941; DCP, FRCPath), d 27 September 2002.

After house posts at Greenwich and the Royal Berkshire Hospital, he was conscripted into the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and served from 1942 to 1946. He then did house posts at Miller General and the Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, with a view to going into his father's practice, but instead he accepted one of 10 places on a one year course at Hammersmith Hospital to study pathology. He then was a senior hospital medical officer in haematology before becoming a consultant at the Royal Berkshire Hospital, and finally pathologist to East Berks coroner at East Hampstead Park Mortuary and Crematorium. Predeceased by his only son, he leaves a wife, Joyce; two daughters; and three grandchildren.
Compliance of adolescents with coeliac disease with a gluten free diet.
Authors: M Mayer, L Greco, R Troncone, S Auricchio, M N Marsh
Journal: Gut (1991)

A cohort of 123 patients with coeliac disease, diagnosed in the first three years of life and followed up for at least 10 years, was reevaluated during the teenage period in terms of compliance with the diet and clinical state. Mucosal structure and lymphocytes were assessed in small intestinal biopsy specimens obtained from 36 subjects, by computerised image analysis. Of these adolescents with coeliac disease, 65% were adhering to a strict gluten free diet, 11.4% were on a gluten free diet but with occasional gluten intake, and 23.6% were on a gluten containing diet. Clinical symptoms occurred more frequently in patients on a gluten containing diet, but not in patients on a semi-strict diet. Occasional intake of small amounts (0.06-2 g/day) of gluten did not produce increased concentrations of antigliadin antibodies but resulted in an appreciably increased crypt epithelial volume and expanded crypt intraepithelial lymphocyte population.
Preventive and Community Medicine
Authors: Edward A. Lichter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

It is uncertain whether the plethora of new books and new editions on preventive medicine results from recent statements of public policy, interest from health professionals, or competitive marketing by publishers. It is sufficient to note that a new edition of this book has appeared in 1981. Fourteen years is a long time gap for a major textbook in a rapidly evolving field like preventive medicine. The early classic (1967) has now been updated by the original editors without an increase in pages. Eighteen of the original 39 contributors have returned to join 22 new contributors for a modern, topically selective overview of the field. The book follows the earlier design with a section on "Methods in Preventive and Community Medicine," a large section on "Disease Etiology and Prevention," a shorter section on "Prevention in Practice," and a critically important section on "Health Services and Health Legislation," which have changed
Molecular biology and respiratory disease. 2-- Applications to the study and treatment of respiratory disease: methods in molecular biology.
Authors: C A Owen, R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1990)

In the first article in this series we covered basic gene structure and function.The aim of this second introductory article is to provide an outline of the techniques commonly used in molecular biology and to provide examples of the application of these techniques to the investigation and diagnosis of respiratory disease.
Enhanced Antitumor Immunity Elicited by Dendritic Cell Vaccines Is a Result of Their Ability to Engage Both CTL and IFNγ-producing NK Cells
Authors: Khalil Karimi, Jeanette E Boudreau, Katie Fraser, Hongju Liu, Jordan Delanghe, Jack Gauldie, Zhou Xing, Jonathan L Bramson, Yonghong Wan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a primary goal of many cancer vaccination therapies. We have evaluated two vaccination platforms, dendritic cells (DCs) and recombinant adenoviruses (rAds), for their ability to elicit CTL response and antitumor protection. Although rAd was more potent in CTL priming, DC vaccination provided greater protective and therapeutic antitumor activity. Subsequent analyses ruled out the possibility that the two vaccines elicit qualitatively distinct CTL, and demonstrated instead that DCs could better engage natural killer (NK) cells as an additional effector mechanism. We demonstrated that, although both DCs and rAd can stimulate rapid NK expansion, only DC-activated NK cells are able to produce interferon-γ (IFNγ) and mediate antitumor protection. Moreover, our data showed that exogenously delivered DCs preferentially engaged the Mac-1highCD27high NK subset, thereby suggesting that this NK population plays a predominant role in NK:DC interaction. Interestingly, at least 3 days were required for DC-triggered NK cells to acquire effector functions, indicating that a similar priming process operates between T cells and NK cells. Our results suggest that the nature of the vaccine platform can determine the relative involvement of NK and T cells in antitumor immunity, and that methods to augment NK function should be included in vaccination strategies in order to complement CTL-mediated control of tumor growth.
Hb Warsaw (β42 Phe → Val): An unstable hemoglobin with decreased oxygen affinity. I. Hematologic and clinical expression
Authors: George R. Honig, Margaret C. Telfer, Barnett B. Rosenblum, Loyda N. Vida
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Four members in two generations of a Polish‐American family exhibited findings of congenital Heinz‐body hemolytic anemia accompanied by cyanosis. Two of the affected family members have also developed severe pulmonary hypertension, with a fatal outcome in one of them. Blood from the affected individuals showed decreased oxygen affinity and contained elevated levels of methemoglobin. An unstable hemoglobin fraction underwent rapid precipitation following exposure of the red cell lysates to isopropyl alcohol or heat. This hemoglobin contained a newly identified abnormal β chain with an amino acid substitution at the same position as that of Hb Hammersmith and Hb Bucuresti‐Louisville.
Platelet von Willebrand factor in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Laurie P. McKeown, Kristin E. Hansmann, Olga Wilson, William Gahl, Harvey R. Gralnick, Kathryn E. Rosenfeld, Stephen J. Rosenfeld, McDonald K. Horne, Margaret E. Rick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, tissue accumulation of ceroid pigment, and a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis attributed to storage-pool deficient (SPD) platlets. Patients have platelet aggregation and release abnormalities. In addition, low levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen in some HPS patients have been associated with a greater bleeding tendency than would be predicted from either condition alone. Other HPS patients have severe bleeding despite normal levels of plasma vWF, suggesting that at least one additional factor is responsible for their bleeding diathesis. Because platelet vWF levels have been well correlated with clinical bleeding times in patients with von Willebrand's disease, we have measured the platelet vWF activity and antigen levels in 30 HPS patients and have attempted to correlate their clinical bleeding with these values. The platelet vWF activity levels in patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (P < 0.0001). The patients as a group also had slightly lower values of plasma vWF activity when compared with normals (P ∼ 0.03). In 11 of the HPS patients, the multimeric structure of plasma vWF showed a decrease in the high molecular weight multimers and an increase in the low molecular weight multimers. In correlating the platelet and plasma vWF values with the bleeding histories, we were not able to show a predictable relationship in the majority of the patients. Am. J. Hematol. 59:115–120, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Patrick C Walsh, Theodore L DeWeese, Mario A Eisenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 68-year-old man presents with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Over the past 3 years, his prostate-specific antigen level has slowly and steadily increased. His digital rectal examination is normal, the estimated prostate volume is 48 ml, and a needle-biopsy specimen reveals an adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 6 involving 10% of 1 of the 12 cores. He otherwise is well. How should his case be managed?
Trends in Out-of-Hospital Deaths Due to Coronary Heart Disease in Sweden (1991 to 2006)
Authors: Kerstin Dudas, Georg Lappas, Simon Stewart, Annika Rosengren
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Case fatality associated with a first coronary event is often underestimated when only those who survive to reach a hospital are considered. Few studies have examined long-term trends in case fatality associated with a major coronary event that occurs out of the hospital. Methods and Results— Record linkage documented all case subjects 35 to 84 years of age in Sweden during 1991 to 2006 with a first major coronary event (out-of-hospital coronary death or hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction). Of the 384 597 cases identified, 111 319 (28.9%) died out of the hospital, and another 36 552 (9.5%) died in the hospital or within 28 days of hospitalization. From 1991 to 2006, out-of hospital deaths as a proportion of all major coronary events declined from 30.5% to 25.6% (adjusted mean annual decrease 2.2%, 95% confidence interval 2.1% to 2.4%), however, with a larger decline in 28-day case fatality in hospitalized cases (adjusted mean annual decrease 5.8%, 95% confidence interval 5.5% to 6.0%). As a result of the faster decline in in-hospital deaths, the relative contribution of out-of-hospital deaths to overall case fatality increased, particularly among younger individuals (eg, among those 35 to 54 years of age, no more than 10.8% of all deaths occurred in hospitalized cases during 2003–2006). Although female sex (odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.87) and older age (odds ratio 0.972, 95% confidence interval 0.971 to 0.974 per year) were associated with lower risk for initial out-of-hospital death, each successive calendar year was associated with increased risk (odds ratio 1.041, 95% confidence interval 1.038 to 1.044). Conclusions— The great majority of all fatal coronary events occur outside the hospital, and this proportion is increasing, particularly among younger individuals.
Isolated Varices of the Gastric Fundus – Endoscopic Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment
Authors: J. Králík, B. Vavroš
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Isolated gastric varices in patients with portal hypertension are a relatively rare source of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is a very valuable method of diagnosis in such cases. The authors report their own observation of gastric varices, well documented with the endoscopic technique before and after surgery. Varices of the gastric fundus are always an indication to surgical management. On the basis of their own experiences made with 5 patients, the authors recommend a direct intervention in form of an extragastric suture or resection of the convolution of the varicose veins, in selected patients simultaneously complete with a portasystemic shunt.
Certolizumab Pegol in Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease and Secondary Failure to Infliximab
Authors: William J. Sandborn, Maria T. Abreu, Geert D'Haens, Jean–Frédéric Colombel, Severine Vermeire, Krassimir Mitchev, Corinne Jamoul, Richard N. Fedorak, Martina E. Spehlmann, Douglas C. Wolf, Scott Lee, Paul Rutgeerts
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
A fifth of Americans contact their doctor as a result of drug advertising
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

One in five Americans says that direct to consumer advertising prompted them to call or visit their doctor to discuss an advertised drug, a new consumer survey has found.

The August PharmTrends survey by the US market research firm Ipsos-NPD also shows that 50% of consumers recalled seeing advertising for prescription drugs in the previous 12 months. This was up from 47% in the first PharmTrends survey, conducted in February 2002.

Sildenafil (Viagra) tops …
Campaigners call for restrictions on remote controlled weapons
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The increasing military deployment of armed robotic systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles known as drones, has led to calls for restrictions on their use.

A report by the Fellowship of Reconciliation, one of Britain’s oldest pacifist groups, says the use of armed drones has “increased significantly” in recent years. The new British “Reaper” drone had been deployed 97 times in Afghanistan by July 2010. The budget allocation for drones in the United States increased from $1.7bn in 2006 to $4.2bn in 2010.

The report says a “PlayStation mentality” surrounds drone killings, whereby the geographical and psychological distance between operator and target lowers the threshold for launching an attack. “Young military personnel raised on a diet of video games …
Primary hyperparathyroidism resembling rickets of late onset.
Authors: H. M. Lloyd, R. E. Aitken, T. M. Ferrier
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Important aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood were encountered in the patient described in this report.The osseous manifestations were of unusual interest, compris- ing osteitis fibrosa cystica, osteosclerosis, and metaphysial changes simulating rickets.There was a neurological disturb- ance resembling chorea.