tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW TO INVESTIGATE THE RELIABILITY OF ULTRASOUND IMAGING IN MEASURING TENDON THICKNESS
Authors: S Mc Auliffe, K O'Sullivan, K Mc Creesh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Pathological tendons are known to increase their AP diameter. Ultrasound is an important complementary technique to MRI for assessment of musculoskeletal disorders. Although systematic reviews have confirmed its reliability for the measurement of muscle thickness, no such reviews exist to examine the reliability of US measures of tendon dimensions. Objective To systematically review the literature on the reliability of Real-time ultrasound to assess tendon dimensions including thickness and cross sectional area in human limbs. Design A comprehensive review of electronic databases was performed by two reviewers using agreed range of keywords. Randomised clinical trials which investigated inter or intra rater reliability of real time ultrasound was included in this review. The Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist was used to assess risk of bias. Setting Included studies performed ultrasound analysis in a range of clinical settings. Participants 698 Symptomatic and asymptomatic participants, mean age range: 17.5–73 years. Interventions Tendon thickness of a range of upper and lower limb tendons was assessed using real time ultrasound in both transverse and longitudinal planes by physiotherapists, sonographers and other unspecified investigators. Main outcome measurements Inter and Intra rater reliability of tendon thickness measures using estimates of both reliability and precision using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's) and coefficients of variation (CVs), coefficient of variation (CV%) limits of agreement (LOA), pearsons correlation coefficient (r2) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Assessment of the risks of bias indicated 15/16 chosen studies was of high quality. ICC values for inter and intra rater reliability ranged from (0.55–0.99), LOA ranged from (0.35–3.50 mm), r2 ranged from (0.43–0.92), 95% CI ranged from (0.43–0.98), CV% ranged from (0–14.44%). Conclusion The use of real time ultrasound method for assessing upper and lower limb tendon thickness has moderate-to-good level reliability. The findings of which may have important implications for management of tendon disorders.
Neurohumoral responses to chronic myocardial infarction in rats.
Authors: G P Hodsman, M Kohzuki, L G Howes, E Sumithran, K Tsunoda, C I Johnston
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In chronic cardiac failure, various neurohumoral mechanisms are activated to sustain blood volume, blood pressure, and organ perfusion. Using the coronary artery ligation model of heart failure in the rat, we have measured changes in vasoactive hormone secretion and related these changes to salt and water status during a 1-month period. When compared with controls, rats with infarction had a marked rise in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (294 +/- 59 vs. 79 +/- 10 pg/ml, p less than 0.001) although there was no increase in total exchangeable body sodium. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentrations were the same for both rats with infarction and controls. Similarly, there were no significant differences in plasma arginine vasopressin, plasma osmolality, or plasma sodium concentration in rats with infarction. Ventricular norepinephrine levels were reduced in animals with infarction (p less than 0.01). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels were raised in this model of chronic left ventricular failure. However, there was no salt retention and little stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or vasopressin. The results suggest that high circulating atrial natriuretic peptide levels may prevent or limit salt and water retention, either directly or indirectly, by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Ras and Its Signals Diffuse through the Cell on Randomly Moving Nanoparticles
Authors: Barak Rotblat, Ofer Yizhar, Roni Haklai, Uri Ashery, Yoel Kloog
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Spatiotemporal modulation of Ras signaling from different intracellular compartments requires mechanisms allowing Ras and its signals to navigate across cells. Here, we describe one mechanism by which clusters of palmitoylated H-Ras and N-Ras isoforms but not nonpalmitoylated K-Ras diffuse through the cytoplasm, independently of ATP, on fast, randomly moving, small cytosolic nanoparticles (“rasosomes”). Rasosomes forced to diffuse out of live cells and trapped by Ras antibody beads appear as round structures of 80- to 100-nm diameter. Association of H-Ras with rasosomes requires Ras palmitoylation and the hypervariable sequence (hvr) upstream of the palmitoylated cysteines. H-Ras hvr mutants that fail to interact with rasosomes are biologically inactive. Epidermal growth factor stimulation rapidly increases active H-Ras-GTP and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on rasosomes. Similarly, rasosomes carrying H-Ras(G12V) but not H-Ras are loaded with active ERK. Thus, the rasosome represents a hitherto unknown particle that enables Ras signal information to spread rapidly across cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1974-81)
NORADRENALINE, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN HINDBRAINS OF SUICIDAL PATIENTS
Authors: HenryR. Bourne, WilliamE. Bunney, RobertW. Colburn, JohnM. Davis, J.N. Davis, D.M. Shaw, A.J. Coppen
Journal: The Lancet (1968)
Comparison of 2-D intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy to 3-D echocardiography in sizing trial septal defect for percutaneous device closure
Authors: Zheng Liu, Satish Surabhi, Bassam Roukoz, Tammana Nahar, Timothy Puri, Sheldon Goldberg, Mani A. Vannan, Daniel McCormick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Classification and Clinical Impact of Restenosis After Femoropopliteal Stenting
Authors: Atsushi Tosaka, Yoshimitsu Soga, Osamu Iida, Takayuki Ishihara, Keisuke Hirano, Kenji Suzuki, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Shinsuke Nanto, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients
Authors: Yves Benhamou, Marie Bochet, Vincent Di Martino, Frederic Charlotte, Felipe Azria, Anne Coutellier, Michel Vidaud, François Bricaire, Pierre Opolon, Christine Katlama, Thierry Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has never been studied according to the concept of liver fibrosis progression. The aim of this work was to assess the fibrosis progression rate in HIV-HCV coinfected patients and in patients infected by HCV only. A cohort of 122 HIV-HCV coinfected patients was compared with a control group of 122 HIV-negative HCV-infected patients. Groups were matched according to age, sex, daily alcohol consumption, age at HCV infection, and duration and route of HCV infection. The fibrosis progression rate was defined as the ratio between fibrosis stage (METAVIR scoring system) and the HCV duration. The prevalence of extensive liver fibrosis (METAVIR fibrosis scores 2, 3, and 4) and moderate or severe activity were higher in HIV-infected patients (60% and 54%, respectively) than in control patients (47% and 30%, respectively; P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .001, respectively). The median fibrosis progression rate in coinfected patients and in control patients was 0.153 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.117-0.181) and 0.106 (95% CI, 0.084-0.125) fibrosis units per year, respectively ( P &lt; .0001). HIV seropositivity ( P &lt; .0001), alcohol consumption (&gt;50 g/d, P = .0002), age at HCV infection (&lt;25 years old, P &lt; .0001), and severe immunosuppression (CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL, P &lt; .0001) were associated with an increase in the fibrosis progression rate. In coinfected patients, alcohol consumption (&gt;50 g/d), CD4 count (≤200 cells/μL), and age at HCV infection (&lt;25 years old) ( P &lt; .0001, respectively) were associated with a higher fibrosis progression rate. HIV seropositivity accelerates HCV-related liver fibrosis progression. In coinfected patients, a low CD4 count, alcohol consumption rate, and age at HCV infection are associated with a higher liver fibrosis progression rate.
Haemodynamic and myocardial effects of hyperbaric oxygen in dogs subjected to haemorrhage
Authors: I. McA. Ledingham, J. R. Parratt, G. Smith, J. P. Vance
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Haemodynamic and myocardial effects of hyperbaric oxygen in dogs subjected to haemorrhage Get access I. McA. Ledingham, I. McA. Ledingham From the Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Surgery, (University of Glasgow), Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Parratt, J. R. Parratt 1 From the Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Surgery, (University of Glasgow), Western Infirmary, Glasgow 1Usual address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow C. I . Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Smith, G. Smith From the Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Surgery, (University of Glasgow), Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. P. Vance J. P. Vance From the Hyperbaric Unit, Department of Surgery, (University of Glasgow), Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 277–285, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.3.277 Published: 01 July 1971
Lymphatic obstruction in rheumatoid arthritis: a cause for upper limb oedema.
Authors: R T de Silva, D M Grennan, D G Palmer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

AbstractPeripheral lymphatic obstruction has been demonstrated by lymphangiography as a cause of upper limb oedema in 2 patients with seronegative rheumatoid disease.
Continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnoea: compliance increases with time in continuing users
Authors: M. Sucena, G. Liistro, G. Aubert, D. O. Rodenstein, T. Pieters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the best treatment for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). In the 1990s, many authors reported on daily compliance, but all of the studies utilised relatively short periods of follow-up that did not exceed a few years. The mean annual rate of CPAP use in patients with SAS was prospectively recorded. In the current study, the results are presented along with compliance data from patients who started CPAP between 1991 and 1998 and were still using it by the end of 2003. The cohort was chosen in order to obtain ≥5 yrs of follow-up for each patient. In total, there were 204 patients. For the whole group, mean± sd compliance reached 321±90 and 393±84 min after 1 and 10 yrs, respectively. There was no significant change in the first 2 yrs, with a significant increase from the third year onwards. Compliance, or its evolution over time, was not correlated either to the baseline polysomnographical data (except slightly for the CPAP pressure), to the difference of these data before and under CPAP therapy, to the age of retirement or to changes in the marital status. In conclusion, very long-term compliance with continuous positive airway pressure increases by a mean of 8 min·day −1 per year of follow-up in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome.
Cohort study of bacterial species causing urinary tract infection and urinary tract abnormalities in children
Authors: O. Honkinen, O.-P. Lehtonen, O. Ruuskanen, P. Huovinen, J. Mertsola
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An elderly woman presented with dyspnoea secondary to extensive mediastinal invasion by a primary well differentiated liposarcoma of the mediastinum. Five years after partial resection and postoperative radiotherapy (45 Gy) she is alive and well. To our knowledge, long term survival has not previously been reported for a non-encapsulated mediastinal liposarcoma treated by incomplete resection and subsequent radiation therapy.
NT-04 * THE Jak2 SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR, G6, REDUCES THE TUMORIGENIC POTENTIAL OF T98G GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: R. Baskin, S. Park, G. Keseru, K. Bisht, H. Wamsley, P. Sayeski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. Jak2 is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in proliferative signaling through its association with various cell surface receptors. Hyperactive Jak2 signaling has been implicated in numerous hematological disorders as well as in various solid tumors including GBM. Our lab has developed a Jak2 small molecule inhibitor known as G6. It exhibits potent efficacy in vitro and in several in vivo models of Jak2-mediated hematological disease. Here, we hypothesized that G6 would inhibit the pathogenic growth of GBM cells expressing hyperactive Jak2. To test this, we screened several GBM cell lines and found that T98G cells express readily detectable levels of active Jak2. We found that G6 treatment of these cells reduced the phosphorylation of Jak2 and STAT3, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, G6 treatment reduced the migratory potential, invasive potential, clonogenic growth potential, and overall viability of these cells. The effect of G6 was due to its direct suppression of Jak2 function and not via suppression of off-target kinases, as these effects were recapitulated in cells that received Jak2 specific shRNA. G6 also significantly increased the levels of caspase-dependent apoptosis in T98G cells, when compared to cells that were treated with vehicle control. Lastly, when T98G cells were injected into nude mice, G6 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and this was concomitant with significantly decreased levels of phospho-Jak2 and phospho-STAT3 within the tumors themselves. Lastly, tumors harvested from mice that received G6 had significantly less vimentin protein levels and significantly increased fibrosis when compared to tumors from mice that received vehicle control solution. Overall, these combined in vitro and in vivo results indicate that G6 may be a viable therapeutic option against GBM exhibiting hyperactivation of Jak2.
Effects of Isoniazid on Patients with Tuberculosis and Mental Illness
Authors: Blair Hunt, Joseph D. Wassersug
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

AFTER the favorable early reports1 , 2 on the use of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid) for the treatment of tuberculosis, therapy with this drug was begun for a group of psychotic patients in the tuberculosis isolation building of the Boston State Hospital. In earlier descriptions of the mood change of patients incident to isoniazid therapy, "a subtle, general stimulation" of the mood was noted.2 One could not tell, however, from the initial investigations, whether the "stimulating" effect was secondary to reduction in patients' toxicity or whether isoniazid, in itself, had a euphoric action. The question was therefore raised whether some of the . . .
Reproductive toxicity of the industrial solvent 2-ethoxyethanol in rats and interactive effects of ethanol.
Authors: B K Nelson, W S Brightwell, J V Setzer, T L O'Donohue
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The solvent, 2-ethoxyethanol, induced complete embryomortality in pregnant rats exposed to three times the current Federal permissible exposure limit (PEL). Following exposure to ethoxyethanol at a concentration only one-half the current PEL, the offspring evidenced behavioral and neurochemical deviations from controls. Subsequent studies found that ingestion of ethanol with concomitant inhalation of ethoxyethanol vapors early in pregnancy appeared to reduce the number of both behavioral and neurochemical deviations found for ethoxyethanol. In contrast, the concomitant exposure to ethanol and ethoxyethanol later in gestation potentiated the behavioral and neurochemical effects of ethoxyethanol. This research indicates that the industrial solvent 2-ethoxyethanol presents an occupational reproductive hazard and raises the issue of the importance of an interaction of social habits with occupational exposure to such hazards. The results would suggest that occupational physicians should advise pregnant workers in the chemical industry of the adverse effects of ethanol during pregnancy and of the possible interactions with other chemicals and should encourage them to be especially cautious with ethanol consumption since they may be at greater risk.
P16.19 * THE EFFECTS OF BEVACIZUMAB ON MR-IMAGING AND 1H-MR-SPECTROSCOPY (MRS) IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS
Authors: U. Knecht, J. Slotboom, A. Ochsenbein, J. Beck, A. Pica, R. Wiest
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: This prospective study is derived from a framework investigating effects of tumor progression on MRI/MRS-parameters in high grade gliomas (WHO III-IV) in patients undergoing different types of neuro-oncologic therapies. Preliminary data are presented here. We aim to identify MR-related parameters that segregate a. real tumor progression from pseudo tumor progression and b. real tumor response from pseudo-response, two effects which complicate appropriate tumor diagnostics. Forty-nine patients are currently enrolled into the study. The MRI/MRS findings of a subgroup of 9 patients who received a combined irradiation (39.9 Gy in 15 fractions) with the angiogenesis inhibitor Bevacizumab are discussed here. METHODS: All patients received multi parametric MRI encompassing DWI (ADC & DTI), Perfusion Imaging (PI), unenhanced and Gd-enhanced 3D-T1w, 3D-T2w, T2w-FLAIR, and MRS (Single Voxel Spectroscopy (SVS) and Chemical Shift Imaging (CSI), both at TE 30ms and TE135ms) before and after administration of Bevacizumab. The effects of Bevacizumab on PI, Gd-enhanced T1w and MRS was examined. For the evaluation of the MRS we used the Cho/Cr and the Cho/NAA peak-area ratio of qualitative MRS, for the Gd-enhanced T1w and PI we used a semi-quantitative classification. For statistical analysis T-Tests was performed. The study was approved by our local ethics committee. RESULTS: Pre-treatment with Bevacizumab, three and six month follow up MRIs revealed significant reductions in Gd-enhanced T1w MRI (p < 0.03). No significant differences were detected for MRS and PI (regional cerebral blood volume, rCBV). Statistical significant differences were also detected between preoperative and postoperative MRI for Gd-enhanced T1w and rCBV for all five time points during follow up (p < 0.011). However, MRS findings showed no improvement in all MRS parameters during follow up. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: No significant improvements in spectroscopic parameters could be observed in response to Bevacizumab treatment. In contrast, the improvement in Gd-enhanced T1w MRI as well as MRI Perfusion does not reflect the true tumor response state in Bevacizumab treated patients. MRS findings seem to reflect tumor progression state better than MRI under Bevacizumab treatment. Our findings are in keeping with the current literature.
Second person neuroscience needs theories as well as methods
Authors: Antonia F. de C. Hamilton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Advancing second-person neuroscience will need strong theories, as well as the new methods detailed by Schilbach et al. I assess computational theories, enactive theories, and cognitive/information processing theories, and argue that information processing approaches have an important role to play in second-person neuroscience. They provide the closest link to brain imaging and can give important insights into social behaviour.
Medication Assistance Programs
Authors: Marie A. Chisholm, Joseph T. DiPiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters3 July 2001Medication Assistance ProgramsMarie A. Chisholm, PharmD and Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmDMarie A. Chisholm, PharmDUniversity of Georgia College of Pharmacy; Athens, GA 31062 (Chisholm, DiPiro)Search for more papers by this author and Joseph T. DiPiro, PharmDUniversity of Georgia College of Pharmacy; Athens, GA 31062 (Chisholm, DiPiro)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Prescription medications are the most rapidly expanding component of national health care expenses. Ninety billion dollars were spent on prescription drugs in 1998, and this number is projected to increase to $171 billion by 2007, representing 8% of total national health care expenditures (1). Approximately 16% of the U.S. population does not have health insurance, and a greater percentage has health insurance that does not include a prescription medication benefit (2). Therefore, it is becoming increasingly difficult for some segments of the population to purchase the prescription drugs that they need.Many pharmaceutical companies offer assistance by ...References1. Smith S, Freeland M, Heffler S, McKusick D. The next ten years of health spending: what does the future hold? The Health Expenditures Projection Team. Health Aff Millwood. 1998;17:128-40. [PMID: 0009769576] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. . Current population reports. Health insurance coverage, 1998. Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1999. Google Scholar3. Windisch P, Webb J. Reimbursement assistance programs sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. Chicago: University Health System Consortium Services Corporation; 1997. Google Scholar4. . Directory of Prescription Drug Patient Assistance Programs 1999–2000. Washington, DC: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America; 1999. Google Scholar5. The top 200 prescriptions for 1998 by number of US prescriptions dispensed. Available at www.rxlist.com/98top.htm. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Georgia College of Pharmacy; Athens, GA 31062 (Chisholm, DiPiro) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 69KeywordsAnticoagulantsDrugsEstradiolEstrogensHealth careHealth insuranceInsulinProstaglandinRespiratory system proceduresThyroxine ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sickle Cell Trait and Nonhypoxic Splenic Infarction-Reply
Authors: Donald T. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the opportunity afforded by the letter of Drs Castro and Winter to restate the main point of our recent report, which was summarized in the abstract, ie, splenic infarction may occur in persons with the sickle cell trait without clinical conditions or circumstances associated with a decreased Po<sub>2</sub>. We apologize that arterial Po<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>saturation were not specifically stated. They were consistently unremarkable during the patient's hospitalization. However, the fact that the arterial oxygen content was not decreased does not imply that there was not hypoxia in the spleen. In fact, the "Po<sub>2</sub>in the larger peripheral vessels does not accurately reflect the oxygen tension in areas of vascular stasis, such as the sinusoids of the spleen, in which hypoxia is common and sickling is likely to occur."<sup>1</sup> Hereditary spherocytosis in this patient seems unlikely, since microspherocytes were not seen
The homeobox gene CDX2 is aberrantly expressed and associated with an inferior prognosis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S Thoene, V P S Rawat, B Heilmeier, E Hoster, K H Metzeler, T Herold, W Hiddemann, N Gökbuget, D Hoelzer, S K Bohlander, M Feuring-Buske, C Buske
Journal: Leukemia (2009)