tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The critics rebutted: A Pyrrhic victory
Authors: Stephan Lewandowsky, Murray Maybery
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We take up two issues discussed by Chow: the claim by critics of hypothesis testing that the null hypothesis (H 0 ) is always false, and the claim that reporting effect sizes is more appropriate than relying on statistical significance. Concerning the former, we agree with Chow's sentiment despite noting serious shortcomings in his discussion. Concerning the latter, we agree with Chow that effect size need not translate into scientific relevance, and furthermore reiterate that with small samples effect size measures cannot substitute for significance.
Laser Treatment of Tumors of the Papilla of Vater
Authors: R. Lambert, T. Ponchon, A. Chavaillon, F. Berger
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Tumors of the papilla of Vater, should be separated from periampullary tumors. They are not always malignant, and recent data from endoscopy series, and pathology studies, supports the adenoma-carcinoma sequence at this level. Adenomas are tubular or villous and are classified according to the degree of dysplasia. The endoscopic pattern separates exophytic tumors, sessile and easily detected, from intracanalar tumors usually detected after sphincterotomy. The malignancy of an exophytic tumor is suspected when it is ulcerated or large (over 3 cm), and is easily confirmed by biopsies. The typing of intracanalar tumors is more difficult. In a 5-year period, an ampullary tumor was detected by ERCP in 52 patients: the tumor was exophytic in 33 and intracanalar in 19. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed in 26 and adenoma in 26, resulting in a 50% ratio. Among the adenomas, 18 were fully benign and 8 had a superficial cancer focus. Therapeutic procedures included: laser photodestruction in 16, snare resection in 16, sphincterotomy in 47, stenting in 8, surgical bypass in 7, cephalic duodenopancreatectomy in 16. The 16 patients treated by laser (Nd:YAG mainly) included 8 adenomas: a complete tumor destruction was obtained in 7 (follow up from 14 to 53 months). Adenomatous recurrence was observed at 2 years in one patient. In 8 other patients the tumor was an adenocarcinoma; Laser photodestruction failed to completely destroy the tumor in 1 patient (operative control), in 7 others it was adopted as a complement to sphincteromy and stenting in palliation, but was not found very effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Open Sarcolemmal Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel Is Necessary for Detrimental Myocyte Swelling Secondary to Stress
Authors: Angela D. Sellitto, Ashraf S. Al-Dadah, Richard B. Schuessler, Colin G. Nichols, Jennifer S. Lawton
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Stress (exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia, metabolic inhibition, or osmotic) results in significant myocyte swelling and reduced contractility. In contrast to wild-type mice, these detrimental consequences are not observed in mice lacking the Kir6.2 subunit of the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (sK(ATP)) channel after exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. The hypothesis for this study was that an open sK(ATP) channel (Kir6.2 and SUR2A subunits) is necessary for detrimental myocyte swelling to occur in response to stress.To investigate the role of the sK(ATP) channel in stress-induced myocyte swelling, high-dose pharmacological sK(ATP) channel blockade and genetic deletion (knockout of Kir6.2 subunit) were used. Myocytes were exposed sequentially to Tyrode control (20 minutes), test (stress) solution (20 minutes), and Tyrode control (20 minutes). To evaluate pharmacological channel blockade, myocytes were exposed to hyperkalemic cardioplegia (stress) with and without a K(ATP) channel blocker. To evaluate the effects of genetic deletion, wild-type and sK(ATP) knockout [Kir6.2(-/-)] myocytes were exposed to metabolic inhibition (stress). Myocyte volume was recorded using image-grabbing software. Detrimental myocyte swelling was prevented by high-dose sK(ATP) channel blockade (glibenclamide or HMR 1098) but not mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blockade (5-hydroxydecanoate) during exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia. Genetic deletion of the sK(ATP) channel prevented significant myocyte swelling in response to metabolic inhibition.K(ATP) channel openers prevent detrimental myocyte swelling and reduce contractility in response to stress through an unknown mechanism. Paradoxically, the present data support a role for sK(ATP) channel activation in myocyte volume derangement in response to stress.
Interrelationships between regional left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocellular necrosis during the initial 24 hours and 1 week after experimental coronary occlusion in awake, unsedated dogs.
Authors: P G Roan, L M Buja, C Izquierdo, H Hashimi, S Saffer, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

This study examined the relationships between the left ventricular (LV) regional function, regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF), and myocellular necrosis after sudden proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 36 awake, unsedated dogs. Net wall thickening during systole (NET) was used to assess regional LV function, was expressed as percent control, and was measured with chronically implanted ultrasonic crystals. RMBF was measured with 8- to 10-micrometer radioactive microspheres. In regions with a moderate degree of functional loss, NET fell to 35.3 +/- 2.2% of control at 5 minutes when RMBF fell from 1.9 +/- 0.08 to .086 +/- 0.09 ml/g per min (P less than 0.05). No significant change occurred in midwall or epicardial RMBF. The relationship between endocardial flow and NET was non-linear (r = 0.69, P less than 0.0001). In these segments, subsequent changes in RMBF were unrelated to corresponding functional alterations through 24 hours. In segments with paradoxic systolic wall thinning RMBF fell in endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers; endocardial ischemia was most severe (0.30 +/- 0.05 ml/g per min). Segmental myocellular necrosis was most severe in the endocardial layer and correlated significantly with both RMBF and segmental function. Myocellular necrosis increased in severity as flow was reduced below 70-75% of normal. Thus, in this model of LV ischemia, (1) regional LV functional loss is most sensitive to reductions in endocardial RMBF; (2) subsequent increases in RMBF are largely unassociated with functional recovery; (3) transmural ischemia results in paradoxical systolic wall thinning.
Reporting scheme leads to cut in central line infection rates
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A nationwide scheme in England to cut the number of infections from central venous catheters in intensive care has had a major effect over the past year. But it is unlikely to deliver the cost savings originally envisaged.

Jeanette Beer, from the National Patient Safety Agency, told the annual risk and patient safety conference organised by Healthcare Events that she was asked by the Department of Health to head a two year project to try to match the dramatic savings made in Michigan, where infection rates were cut from 7.7 per 1000 catheter days to 1.4 per 1000.

If those savings were replicated across the United States, it was estimated …
Disagreeing with NICE's evaluation of evidence is not grounds for a CCG to deny recommended treatment, judge rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 25 year old woman with Crohn’s disease whose imminent treatment is expected to leave her infertile has been offered free egg freezing by a private London clinic after losing her legal challenge to a refusal of NHS funding.1

Elizabeth Rose is to have the procedure at the Assisted Reproduction and Gynaecology Centre, with her travel and accommodation expenses paid by Thanet Clinical Commissioning Group, which refused to pay for the egg freezing.

At the High Court in London Mr Justice Jay ruled that the refusal in March by the commissioning group to pay the £4050 (€5000; $6800) cost of egg freezing for Rose was not unlawful.

But Thanet …
Cases of Extrauterine F tation, Detected at an Early Stage of Gestation
Authors: E. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1869)

T-HE-,MIMZLS'ff MEDICAL _7URTAL.small to occlude; but then it should be recollected> -that-tiresvessels had been forcibly torn from the convolutions; and thwt;thelstr.iniexertedupon them, communicated to the fluid with which th-lWere distended, would be quite adequate to dislodge many of -them frdm the situations in which they had been impacted.It is, of course, obvious that such masses as those seen in Fig. i, if they had not previowsly been im- pacted in an artery, must have been on the very eve of being so at the time of the man's death.Vessels from all parts of the convolutional grey matter showed similar occluding masses within.An examination of portions of the liver showed the cells of the organ to be uniformly large and distended with granules.;whilst.hereand there were to be seen areas in which actual fatty degeneration had taken place.In the thin sections which were made, several of the hetic arteries were seen to contain masses of white blood-corpuscles-similr to those in the vessels of the brain; and a condition of thromboalvawa een in many of the portal veins; that is to say, in the sections of so-e'^these, there was seen within them (instead of the well-forned re blood-corpuscles, mixed with masses of white corpuscles, which were recognisable in others) only a dark reddish granular dibris, such as results from the breaking up of red blood-corpuscles, together with intermixed single and aggregated white blood-corpuscles.The kidneys presented appearances in every way analogous.Both -organs were extremely congested.The renal epithelium throughout was granular and swollen, so as almost completely to fill the tubules; and many of the vessels were blocked up with aggregated white cor- puscles, like those in the liver; whilst others showed evidences of a mere arrest of blood, and subsequent disintegration of red blood-cor--puscles.
Prehospital Coronary Care
Authors: Charles A. Polnitsky
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Prehospital coronary care is becoming a common feature of community emergency medical systems. To date, results have been reported in a variety of formats, making meaningful comparison and aggregate analysis impossible. A flexible patient encounter form and data analysis scheme are proposed for universal adoption in future published accounts. (<i>JAMA</i>237:134-137, 1977)
Abstract A65: Heterogeneous response of H460 non-small lung carcinoma cells to CPI-613, a novel compound that selectively alters tumor energy metabolism
Authors: Candida N. Perera, Robert Rodriguez, Robert Shorr
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The high prevalence coupled with the high death rate and current lack of effective therapy against this type of cancer have spurred research on the characteristics of tumor cells and the search for novel strategies to prevent and treat lung cancer. The relationship between the degree of heterogeneity of tumor cells vs. the tumor cells sensitivity to anti-cancer agents may reflect the presence of cancer causing stem cells. The H460 non-small cell lung cancer cell line has been documented to have a great degree of heterogeneity with various degrees of responsiveness to the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel. The objective of this investigation was to assess the phenotypic heterogeneity of the H460 cell line following treatment with CPI-613. CPI-613 is a novel anti-cancer agent that selectively targets the altered form of mitochondrial energy metabolism utilized by tumor cells, that illicit changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities and cellular redox status leading to apoptosis, necrosis, and/or autophagia of tumor cells, without affecting normal cells. Different populations of H460 cells were generated following treatment of these cells with 1-2 rounds of CPI-613. The IC50 for the sub-population of H460 cells was approximately twice higher than that of parent H460 population (52±8 vs. 29±3 μM), suggesting the H460 cell line have CPI-613-sensitive and less sensitive sub-populations. Gene expression profiling revealed a difference in the metabolic and signaling pathways altered by CPI-613 among the different sub-populations. The cellular morphology observed under the microscope and up-regulation of SNAI2 and mesenchymal markers suggested that the sub-population consisted of cells with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Recent evidence suggests that cells that undergo EMT gain stem cell-like properties, thus giving rise to cancer stem cells. We were able to demonstrate that treatment of parent H460 cells with CPI-613 at 50 μM for 24 hrs eliminated the sensitive population and treatment for 48 hrs was able to completely eliminate the resistant population containing cells with stem cell-like properties. Citation Format: Candida N. Perera, Robert Rodriguez, Robert Shorr. Heterogeneous response of H460 non-small lung carcinoma cells to CPI-613, a novel compound that selectively alters tumor energy metabolism. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A65. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A65
1007-19 Transesophageal Echocardiography is a Useful Technique in Localizing Pericardial Thickening in Patients with Diastolic Dysfunction Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Maria Paola Canale, Ali Nihad Al-Assaad, Richard D. White, R. Daniel Murray, Dave P. Miller, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Commentary: False dichotomy hinders global health
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Global health in recent years has been characterised by bitter debates, with each side marshalling a mixture of evidence and moral arguments to prove that their approach is the one that will save more lives. Witness, for example, the never ending disputes over whether the best way to reduce avertable deaths is through strengthening health delivery systems (a “horizontal” approach) or targeting individual diseases like HIV/AIDS or malaria (a “vertical” approach).1 Or take the rancorous debate over whether the private sector should be engaged or marginalised when it comes to tackling health challenges in low and middle income countries.2 Now Jocalyn Clark sets up yet another binary view of global health, arguing that a focus on biomedical approaches limits success; what we need, she says, is to follow social and political pathways to improve the health of the world’s poor. 

However, the complexity of the challenges in global health—and their multifactorial origins in poverty, inequity, and lack of access to health services, education, and safe and …
Time for action on hepatitis B immunisation.
Authors: M S Gatley
Journal: BMJ (1987)

bearing in mind that no delay could be attributed to efforts to provide advanced trauma or cardiac life support.It would be a blow to the care of the seriously ill and injured if the impressions put forward in this article, which are based on theoretical supposition from an area with no experience of extended training, were allowed to override the experience of others who have produced hard data to the contrary.
Gene dose-dependent atrial arrhythmias, heart block, and brady-cardiomyopathy in mice overexpressing A3 adenosine receptors
Authors: L FABRITZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

An increased expression of adenosine receptors is a promising target for gene therapy aimed at protecting the myocardium against ischemic damage, but may alter cardiac electrophysiology. We therefore studied the effects of heart-directed overexpression of A(3) adenosine receptors (A(3)ARs) at different gene doses on sinus and atrio-ventricular (AV) nodal function in mice.
The Impact of a Color-Classified HbA1c Graph for Self-Monitoring and Self-Adjustment of Long-Term Glycemic Control
Authors: Seiho Nagafuchi, Keizo Anzai, Kouhei Akazawa, Yasushi Yokogawa, Yasuko Ito, Mikiko Shigemitsu, Toshimitsu Okeda, Yoshiaki Nose, Yoshiyuki Niho, Toshiie Sakata, Junko Ono
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)
Marketing in sports: a tool for developing sports
Authors: Indranil Ghosh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in products or services. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication and business development. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves. In sports such marketing strategies are effective tools, which give a company the opportunity to leverage on the passion that consumers have for sports. The reach of sporting organisations into community makes them an ideal vehicle through which they promote health and fitness to general population. There are various agencies which are promoting sports through marketing and sponsorships like Ministry of Youth Affairs &amp; Sports, International Sports Federations, National Sports Organisations, National Institute of Sports, etc. Such agencies play different role in enhancing sports performance through sponsoring the players, equipments, clubs, etc. For example (A) providing platform to budding sports person to build up their career. (B) Duly take care of the market equipment in the field of sports. (C) Fabrication of marketing mix involved organising of an event. (D) Governments aid for sports promotion should be equalised. Here the role of the government is also very important which is to create the infrastructure and promote capacity building for broad-basing sports as well as for achieving excellence in various competitive events at the national and international levels. The Ministry's schemes are geared towards achieving these objectives. So we can conclude that government along with the sports marketing field can provide ample amount of opportunity to the sports organisations as well as to the sports agencies for developing, boosting and re-energising the sports arena.
THE INFLUENCE OF A SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME ON PROGNOSIS AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Jan-Malte Sinning, Viktoria Adenauer, Hannah Steinhäuser, Alexander Ghanem, Christoph Hammerstingl, Georg Nickenig, Nikos Werner, Medizinische Klinik II
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Structural Characterization and Biological Functions of Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: D. GOSPODAROWICZ, N. FERRARA, L. SCHWEIGERER, G. NEUFELD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

BASIC AND acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are closely related molecules that show a similar range of biological activities. They differ, however, in some of their physical and chemical properties and in their tissue distribution (1). Basic FGF [bFGF isoelectric point (pi) 9.6] was first identified by its ability to cause the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts (2, 3). Acidic FGF (aFGF, pi 5.6) was first identified by its ability to cause proliferation and delayed differentiation of myoblasts (4); it was later rediscovered on the basis of its ability to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation (5, 6). As expected from their structural relationship, both FGF and aFGF interact with the same receptor (7), thereby having similar, if not identical, properties. In contrast to aFGF, which has a cellular distribution more restricted than bFGF, many different cells synthesize bFGF, and essentially all have a specific high affinity receptor for this peptide. bFGF is thus a fundamental regulatory molecule, acting by both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Recent studies indicate an important role for both bFGF and aFGF in cells of vascular, nervous, and connective tissue. bFGF and aFGF are multifunctional, since they can either stimulate proliferation and induce or delay differentiation (8). They stimulate other critical processes in cell function as well. As is true for most peptide growth factors, the basic molecular mechanism of action of FGFs is at present unknown. Nevertheless, so many new and varied functions have now been described for bFGF and could be extrapolated to aFGF that, at present, one must consider these two closely related peptides to be general mediators of regulation in the cell, and one of special importance for positive control of cell growth and differentiation.
Did the government ignore criticisms of the NHSin the run up to the Mid Staffs scandal?
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

What was it about three reports into NHS care quality that led the government to shelve them quietly, only for them to resurface at the Mid Staffs public inquiry? And was the depiction of a shame and blame culture pervading the NHS a caricature? <b>Nigel Hawkes</b> reports
Estrogen Plus Progestin Use, Microsatellite Instability, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Authors: Polly A. Newcomb, Yingye Zheng, Victoria M. Chia, Libby M. Morimoto, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Allyson Templeton, Stephen N. Thibodeau, John D. Potter
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Current users of postmenopausal hormones (PMH) have ∼30% to 40% lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although associations with specific types of hormones have been inconsistent. Further, it is not clear whether some tumor types have a different risk. We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship between PMH and CRC. Cases (n = 1,004), ages 50 to 74 years, were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registry in Washington from 1998 to 2002; controls (n = 1,062) were randomly selected from population lists. Case tissue samples were obtained for microsatellite instability (MSI) analyses. Interviews collected risk-factor data for CRC, including detailed information on PMH. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Current use of any PMH was associated with a 20% reduction in CRC risk (95% CI 0.6–0.9). This reduction in risk was limited to women who had taken estrogen plus progestin (EP) preparations only (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.9); there was no association with estrogen-only (E alone) use (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.1). For women with MSI-low or MSI-stable tumors, there was a statistically significant 40% reduction in CRC risk associated with EP use (95% CI 0.4–0.9); there was no clear association with MSI-high tumors. EP use was associated with a decreased risk of CRC; however, there seemed to be no association with E alone data that are consistent with the recent Women's Health Initiative findings. Progestin may enhance the estrogenic effect of conjugated estrogen so the combination may be more biologically active in the colon than E alone. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7534–9]
Chemical Findings in Poisonings
Authors: Arthur J. McBay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ALL who must decide whether the amount of toxic material in a specimen is sufficient to have caused death are aware of the difficulty of finding information to guide their decision. This article is intended only to serve as a guide. It must be recognized that individual responses to overdoses of drugs and poisons will vary greatly. "What's one man's poison, is another's meat or drink." A toxicologic analysis will never take the place of an autopsy followed by chemical analysis. In some obvious cases a determination of alcohol, carbon monoxide or barbiturate may be all that is necessary to . . .
Cell proliferation in the human gallbladder epithelium: effect of distension.
Authors: P Putz, G Willems
Journal: Gut (1979)

DNA synthesis activity in the epithelium of the human gallbladder was studied through in vitro labelling of mucosal specimens with 3H-thymidine and autoradiography. The specimens were taken at the time of a surgical operation. Eight 'normal' gallbladders and six distended gallbladders from patients with carcinomatous obstruction of the common bile duct were examined. Proliferative activity was very low in the normal and significantly higher in the distended gallbladders.