tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Calcification and Family History of Premature Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Erin Donnelly Michos, John A. Rumberger, Joel B. Braunstein, Wendy S. Post, Matthew J. Budoff, Roger S. Blumenthal
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The objective of the study was to assess the association of a family history (FH) of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in asymptomatic individuals and to compare the effects of sibling or parental FH on the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.CAC by electron beam tomography was performed in 8549 asymptomatic individuals (69% men; mean age, 52+/-9 years). The prevalence and odds of any CAC and extent of CAC stratified according to FH of premature CHD were determined. Those with (1) no FH of CHD, (2) FH of premature CHD in parents, or (3) FH in siblings had a prevalence of CAC of 55%, 64%, and 78% (P<0.0001) among men and 27%, 36%, and 56% (P<0.0001) among women, respectively. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the presence of CAC was 1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) among those with positive FH of premature CHD in parents only, 2.3 (1.7 to 3.1) and 2.5 (1.8 to 3.3) among those in siblings and a combined FH compared with those without FH of CHD in men, respectively. Among women, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8), 2.3 (1.7 to 3.6), and 1.9 (1.3 to 3.1), respectively. A similar trend was observed in the association of FH of premature CHD with increasing CAC scores.Our study demonstrates a highly significant association between FH of premature CHD and the presence and extent of CAC. Furthermore, within the limits of self-reporting of family history, our findings suggest that a sibling history is more strongly associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis than a parental history of premature CHD.
Stromal-Epithelial Cell Interactions and Androgen Receptor-Coregulator Recruitment Is Altered in the Tissue Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Patricia Cano, Alejandro Godoy, Rosalba Escamilla, Rajiv Dhir, Sergio A. Onate
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tissue recombination experiments show that prostate mesenchyma directs prostate epithelial cell growth and development in an androgen-dependent manner, and that functional differentiation of prostate epithelium requires androgen-driven processes in both epithelia and stroma. The androgen induction of target genes in primary cultures of prostate stromal and epithelial cells was determined using an adenoviral expression system, which employed the MMTV-enhancer driven luciferase reporter as an androgen receptor (AR)–mediated transcription assay. These studies indicate that both cell types contain functional AR. Androgen induction of luciferase reporter activity is 3-fold in stromal cells compared with 10-fold in epithelial cells. AR-mediated transcription activity in stroma cells was enhanced by coculture with epithelial cells or epithelial cell–conditioned media. The elevated AR-mediated transcription activity in stromal cells that were exposed to epithelial factors correlated with increased recruitment of coactivators to the AR transcriptional complex. Epithelial cells facilitated interactions of AR with SRC-1 in an androgen-dependent manner. However, AR-mediated transcriptional activity in stromal cells isolated from prostate cancer was reduced compared with stromal cells isolated from benign prostate and continued to be reduced when cocultured with tumor-derived prostate epithelial cells. The occupancy of AR and coregulators on target genes showed that androgen-bound AR in prostate cancer stromal cells was associated with the corepressor silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor. Thus, the ability of epithelial cells to modulate coregulator recruitment to the AR transcriptional complex on androgen-responsive genes seems altered in the stromal microenvironment of prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):511–9]
Suggestive Evidence for Genetic Linkage Between IgE Phenotypes and Chromosome 14q Markers
Authors: ADEL H. MANSUR, D. TIMOTHY BISHOP, ALEX F. MARKHAM, NEWTON E. MORTON, STEPHEN T. HOLGATE, JOHN F. J. MORRISON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Chromosome 14q was screened for loci modulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) phenotypes in 15 extended and 45 nuclear asthmatic families using a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. We examined the reported linkage between the TCR A/D locus on 14q11.2 and specific (cognate) allergic responses and observed supportive evidence for linkage between a general skin prick test reactivity trait (but not with total serum IgE) and TCRA microsatellite (in the total sample of informative sib-pairs p = 0.039, in selected sample of one or zero affected parent p = 0.017). We also show suggestive evidence for a novel linkage between markers D14S75 and D14S63 on 14q13–23 and log total serum IgE (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0029). The evidence for linkage with marker D14S63 on 14q23 is strengthened by the finding of association of allele 165 to log IgE (p = 0.0029). We conclude that chromosome 14q may contain a locus close to TCR A/D at 14q11.2 linked to skin prick reactivity and a locus at 14q13– 23 linked to total serum IgE.
Indications for Radiation Therapy
Authors: Franz Buschke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It is important to agree on what is meant by "advanced" Hodgkin's disease. Frequently, a situation beyond stages I and II, that is, a situation with clinically demonstrable involvement of more than two regional lymphatic areas, is considered to be an advanced stage. However, from the point of view of prognosis and therapy, two situations must be distinguished. The first concerns those patients who enter with widespread disease and have little or no history of the so-called earlier stages. The second concerns those patients who have passed through stages I and II and have developed what appears to be a truly later and more widespread stage of the disease. On the basis of this important clinical difference, Crosbie<sup>6</sup>has suggested that we call the former type "class III" instead of stage III. In these patients, the host resistance is generally so poor that effective treatment over a long period
194 THROMBELASTOGRAPHY BEFORE INVASIVE PROCEDURES REDUCES HEMODERIVATES REQUIREMENT IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH COAGULATION DISORDERS. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: L. De Pietri, M. Bianchini, R. Montalti, T. Di Maira, N. De Maria, B. Begliomini, G.E. Gerunda, E. Villa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
DNA Copy-Number Alterations Underlie Gene Expression Differences between Microsatellite Stable and Unstable Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Robert N. Jorissen, Lara Lipton, Peter Gibbs, Matthew Chapman, Jayesh Desai, Ian T. Jones, Timothy J. Yeatman, Philip East, Ian P.M. Tomlinson, Hein W. Verspaget, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Mogens Kruhøffer, Torben F. Ørntoft, Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Oliver M. Sieber
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: About 15% of colorectal cancers harbor microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI-associated gene expression changes have been identified in colorectal cancers, but little overlap exists between signatures hindering an assessment of overall consistency. Little is known about the causes and downstream effects of differential gene expression. Experimental Design: DNA microarray data on 89 MSI and 140 microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancers from this study and 58 MSI and 77 MSS cases from three published reports were randomly divided into test and training sets. MSI-associated gene expression changes were assessed for cross-study consistency using training samples and validated as MSI classifier using test samples. Differences in biological pathways were identified by functional category analysis. Causation of differential gene expression was investigated by comparison to DNA copy-number data. Results: MSI-associated gene expression changes in colorectal cancers were found to be highly consistent across multiple studies of primary tumors and cancer cell lines from patients of different ethnicities (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Clustering based on consistent changes separated additional test cases by MSI status, and classification of individual samples predicted MSI status with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 85%. Genes associated with immune response were up-regulated in MSI cancers, whereas genes associated with cell-cell adhesion, ion binding, and regulation of metabolism were down-regulated. Differential gene expression was shown to reflect systematic differences in DNA copy-number aberrations between MSI and MSS tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Our results show cross-study consistency of MSI-associated gene expression changes in colorectal cancers. DNA copy-number alterations partly cause the differences in gene expression between MSI and MSS cancers.
The Freudians and Imaginative Literature
Authors: Logan Clendening
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Dr. lsador Coriat's letter (The Journal., Feb. 8, 1913, p. 464) in reply to my letter entitled "The Excesses of the Freudian School" (The Journal, Jan. 25, 1913, p. 307), he discloses several points of view which seem to me to involve some principles so fundamental, not only for this, but also for every discussion of the subject, that I crave the indulgence of your columns once again to consider them. Dr. Coriat first quotes a portion of a sentence of mine as if it were the whole. What I wrote was: "How much of all that we have heard lately about the sexual etiology of psychoneuroses is true, I personally am frankly not in a position to judge." This is true for several reasons, to wit: Some years ago under the inspiration of a distinguished townsman of Dr. Coriat's, I became immensely interested in the
Conventional CT Signs in Staging Transitional Cell Tumors of the Upper Urinary Tract
Authors: F. Mill&aacute;n-Rodr&iacute;guez, J. Palou, P. de la Torre-Holguera, J.M. Vayreda-Martija, H. Villavicencio-Mavrich, J. Vicente-Rodr&iacute;guez
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Self-Reported Practices and Attitudes of US Oncologists Regarding Off-Protocol Therapy
Authors: Jeffrey Peppercorn, Harold Burstein, Franklin G. Miller, Eric Winer, Steve Joffe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Investigational cancer therapies being tested in clinical trials may be available outside of trials, or off-protocol (OPRx). We evaluated the practices and attitudes among US oncologists with regard to this controversial practice. Methods We mailed an anonymous survey to a random sample of US medical oncologists evaluating frequency and prevalence of OPRx and evaluated the correlation between demographic factors, attitudes, and practice. Results One hundred forty-six (31%) of 471 oncologists responded. Ninety-three percent reported ever discussing and 81% ever prescribing OPRx. Academic oncologists were more likely than community oncologists to have ever provided OPRx (89% v 75%; P = .06), to discuss OPRx at least once/month (41% v 19%; P = .0004), and to deny requests for OPRx at least once/month (16% v 2%; P = .004). While 61% of oncologists believed that patients should be discouraged from OPRx, only 31% felt it should not be available. With regard to trial recruitment, 53% felt that informed consent requires discussion of OPRx, 34% disagree, and 26% feel that patients should be provided OPRx on request, while 56% disagree. There was lack of consensus on access to OPRx in scenarios based on open trials at the time of the survey, such as adjuvant trastuzumab, which 41% would provide, 59% would not. Conclusion US oncologists report common discussion and use of OPRx, but attitudes and practices may vary substantially. There is need for greater debate regarding OPRx in oncology, further definition of the ethical and clinical issues at stake, and development of guidelines in this area.
Carcinoma in a Mediastinal Fifth Parathyroid Gland
Authors: David J. Kastan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

COMMONLY four parathyroid glands are located in the neck.<sup>1,2</sup>The incidence of a fifth supernumery parathyroid gland has been reported to be between 2% and 6%.<sup>1,2</sup>Most reports of a hyperfunctioning supernumery parathyroid gland have been adenomas.<sup>3-5</sup>There have been only a few reports of parathyroid gland carcinoma occurring outside of the cervical region,<sup>6-9</sup>none of which were in a supernumery parathyroid gland. We believe this is the first report of a carcinoma occurring in a supernumery parathyroid gland. The patient is free of recurrence seven years after surgical excision. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department with a sprained ankle. Roentgenograms of the ankle revealed no evidence of skeletal trauma, but because of marked osteopenia, testing for serum calcium levels was performed, with values of greater than 15 mg/dL (&gt;3.74 mmol/L). The patient's detailed history was normal, aside from
Protecting the Embryo from X-Rated Drugs
Authors: James L. Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

No one who attended the hearings on isotretinoin at the Maryland headquarters of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 1988 could have failed to notice that the physicians present were split into two camps. On one side sat the dermatologists. They showed slides of patients with disfiguring acne, some of whom had threatened to commit suicide. On the other side sat the pediatricians. They showed slides of patients ravaged by prenatal exposure to isotretinoin, now profoundly handicapped physically and mentally. The first group pleaded that isotretinoin be allowed to remain on the market, and the second group that . . .
Bleeding Is a Cause of False Positive Brain Tl-201 SPECT CT
Authors: Karim Farid, Pascal Monteil, Michele Allard, Philippe Fernandez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 30-year-old man with a history of cranial radio-surgery for arteriovenous malformation was admitted for acute brain hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a left thalamic hemorrhage associated with an intracranial mass. Brain Tl-201 SPECT CT demonstrated uptake (index uptake = 3.5) considered as a potential astrocytic malignant tumor. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET-CT) performed 1 month later revealed hypometabolism on early and delayed images considered as radionecrosis. The outcome history, surgical removal, and 2-year follow-up confirmed the diagnosis of radionecrosis. Bleeding could be a source of false-positive uptake of thallium. Brain Tl-201 SPECT CT should not be recommended in the early stage of parenchymal hemorrhage to differentiate malignancies from radionecrosis.
Performance of Multi-City Land Use Regression Models for Nitrogen Dioxide and Fine Particles
Authors: Meng Wang, Rob Beelen, Tom Bellander, Matthias Birk, Giulia Cesaroni, Marta Cirach, Josef Cyrys, Kees de Hoogh, Christophe Declercq, Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Marloes Eeftens, Kirsten T. Eriksen, Francesco Forastiere, Claudia Galassi, Georgios Grivas, Joachim Heinrich, Barbara Hoffmann, Alex Ineichen, Michal Korek, Timo Lanki, Sarah Lindley, Lars Modig, Anna Mölter, Per Nafstad, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Wenche Nystad, David Olsson, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Martina Ragettli, Andrea Ranzi, Morgane Stempfelet, Dorothea Sugiri, Ming-Yi Tsai, Orsolya Udvardy, Mihaly J. Varró, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Tarja Yli-Tuomi, Gerard Hoek, Bert Brunekreef
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Land use regression (LUR) models have been developed mostly to explain intraurban variations in air pollution based on often small local monitoring campaigns. Transferability of LUR models from city to city has been investigated, but little is known about the performance of models based on large numbers of monitoring sites covering a large area.We aimed to develop European and regional LUR models and to examine their transferability to areas not used for model development.We evaluated LUR models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM; PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) by combining standardized measurement data from 17 (PM) and 23 (NO2) ESCAPE (European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects) study areas across 14 European countries for PM and NO2. Models were evaluated with cross-validation (CV) and hold-out validation (HV). We investigated the transferability of the models by successively excluding each study area from model building.The European model explained 56% of the concentration variability across all sites for NO2, 86% for PM2.5, and 70% for PM2.5 absorbance. The HV R2s were only slightly lower than the model R2 (NO2, 54%; PM2.5, 80%; PM2.5 absorbance, 70%). The European NO2, PM2.5, and PM2.5 absorbance models explained a median of 59%, 48%, and 70% of within-area variability in individual areas. The transferred models predicted a modest-to-large fraction of variability in areas that were excluded from model building (median R2: NO2, 59%; PM2.5, 42%; PM2.5 absorbance, 67%).Using a large data set from 23 European study areas, we were able to develop LUR models for NO2 and PM metrics that predicted measurements made at independent sites and areas reasonably well. This finding is useful for assessing exposure in health studies conducted in areas where no measurements were conducted.
Automatic Urinometer to Measure and Record Hourly Urine Volume
Authors: Theodore Kurze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE need for accurate, consistent, hourly urinevolume observations has been established as essential to the proper management of the precariously ill surgical patient and does not require justification in this report.1 , 2 During a study of metabolic care in the neurosurgical patient, it became evident that a reliable, inexpensive, "people-proof" method of measuring and recording hourly urine volumes was not available. Therefore, the development of a urinometer with the following specifications was undertaken.The instrument must provide accurate, hourly urine-volume data automatically during a twelve-hour period. It must be able to function at the bedside, and the reliability of its performance . . .
ACC/AHA guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (subcommittee to develop guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction).
Authors: R M Gunnar, P D Bourdillon, D W Dixon, V Fuster, R B Karp, J W Kennedy, F J Klocke, E R Passamani, B Pitt, E Rapaport
Journal: Circulation (1990)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus (SLE) is no longer thought of as the dreaded killer of young women, the gory picture illustrated in older textbooks: disfiguring skin eruptions, depressed blood elements, polyserositis, and rapidly fatal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Instead, a spectrum of disease has emerged, recognizing that both sexes are at risk at almost all ages. Preliminary criteria,<sup>1</sup>evolved by a subcommittee of the American Rheumatism Association to aid in diagnosis, include the following: facial erythema (the classic butterfly rash); discoid lupus; Raynaud phenomenon; alopecia; photosensitivity; oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration; arthritis without deformity, involving one or more peripheral joints with pain on motion, tenderness, and effusion or periarticular soft tissue swelling in the absence of deformity; specific laboratory findings, including lupus erythematosus (LE) cells; chronic false-positive serologic test for syphilis; profuse proteinuria; cellular casts in the urine; hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia; and the associated characteristics of pleuritis or pericarditis and psychosis
DEFINING INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY COMBINED WITH MULTIDETECTOR CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Jaemin Shim, Hyuck-Jae Chang, Sung Woo Kwon, Dong-Won Kang, Mee-Eun Han, Young-Jin Kim, Byung-Wook Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Serum hepatitis in a haemophiliac.
Authors: J. A. Whittaker, M. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRITJsH 597 seven days and then reduce the dose to 45 mg.daily.Eleven days later she was readmitted with an acute psychotic illness characterized by paranoid delusions.She was febrile and her pulse rate varied between 110 and 145.Clinically she was considered to be euthyroid and the serum P.B.I. was 4-3 ltg.1100 ml.Serum urea, electrolytes, full blood count, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and urine culture were normal.Three days later her temperature was normal and she was transferred to a psychiatric hospital (Dr.J. G. Henderson).She was treated with chlorpromazine and benztropine and continued on carbi- mazole 20 mg.daily.Two months later she was mentally normal and during her illness she re- mained clinically and biochemically euthyroid.Subtotal thyroidectomy was carried out two months after her discharge (Mr. W. Michie), and at her most recent review, 10 months after operation, she was euthyroid and normal in all other respects.At the time of her first admission this patient was considered to have severe hyper- thyroidism, and the treatment rapidly altered her thyroid state towards normal.There was no evidence of hypothyroidism at any time during her illness.It is suggested that her psychiatric disturbance may have been due to either the acute change in her metabolic state, induced by the antithyroid drug, or to the drug itself.Similar findings have been reported previously.'-We are, etc.,
The Costs of HIV Infections
Authors: Tony W. Cheung
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Arno et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrated the high cost of early intervention and treatment in human immunodeficiency virus disease. However, their cost estimate did not take into account recent results of AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Clinical Trial Group protocols or the recent reduction in the price of zidovudine. These studies demonstrated that zidovudine slowed the progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection in asymptomatic infection and early AIDS-related complex (ARC) and that lower doses appeared as effective as standard doses. Using these data, we suggest a different cost estimate in taking care of these patients. Based on a prospective study of 288 seropositive men in San Francisco, Calif,<sup>2</sup>and the survey of the Greater New York Hospital Association,<sup>3</sup>the ratio of ARC to AIDS is approximately 1:1. As of July 1989, the number of patients living with AIDS in the United States is 41000 (lower-bound estimate).<sup>4</sup>