tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Non-accidental injury" and wild parsnips.
Authors: A N Campbell, C E Cooper, M G Dahl
Journal: BMJ (1982)

age at successive deliveries and at last delivery (positively correlated); height and stature (weight:height) at biopsy (younger women were taller and slimmer); and concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the tumour.4Possibly less direct indicators of age were also positively related: the number of children, how long she had nursed them, whether she had a sister with breast cancer, and the time between discovery of disease and biopsy.To separate analytically the effects of aging from other causes that alter the age at diagnosis of breast cancer, data are needed on age- matched women of similar origins who do not have cancer.We thank Dr Robert L Egan for access to his data files, which permitted independent verification of parts of our data.
Effects of strong government measures against tobacco in Hong Kong.
Authors: J M Mackay, G T Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The government of Hong Kong grasped the political nettle of control of tobacco in the early 1980s, since when a comprehensive policy of legislation, education, and publicity, together with large increases in taxation on tobacco products, has been introduced. This has led to almost all of the population of Hong Kong having knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco and of antismoking measures taken by the government. From 1982 to 1984 the number of people who smoked daily fell appreciably from 888 300 to 744 500, a reduction of 16%, while the number of teenage smokers was halved (from 22 600 to 11 200). Government commitment is crucial in programmes against tobacco in developing countries; without it antismoking efforts are unlikely to be successful.
Testing the neural sensitization and kindling hypothesis for illness from low levels of environmental chemicals.
Authors: I R Bell, J Rossi, M E Gilbert, G Kobal, L A Morrow, D B Newlin, B A Sorg, R W Wood
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Sensitization in the neuroscience and pharmacology literatures is defined as progressive increase in the size of a response over repeated presentations of a stimulus. Types of sensitization include stimulant drug-induced time-dependent sensitization (TDS), an animal model related to substance abuse, and limbic kindling, an animal model for temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural sensitization (primarily nonconvulsive or subconvulsive) to the adverse properties of substances has been hypothesized to underlie the initiation and subsequent elicitation of heightened sensitivity to low levels of environmental chemicals. A corollary of the sensitization model is that individuals with illness from low-level chemicals are among the more sensitizable members of the population. The Working Group on Sensitization and Kindling identified two primary goals for a research approach to this problem: to perform controlled experiments to determine whether or not sensitization to low-level chemical exposures occurs in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) patients; and to use animal preparations for kindling and TDS as nonhomologous models for the initiation and elicitation of MCS.
Inverse association between circulating APRIL levels and serological and clinical disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: W Stohl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess longitudinal expression of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlation with B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) expression, serum anti-dsDNA titres, and clinical disease activity. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty eight patients with SLE were longitudinally followed up for a median of 369 days. At each visit the physician assessed disease activity by SLEDAI, and blood was collected for determination of serum APRIL and BLyS levels and of blood APRIL and BLyS mRNA levels. Fifteen normal control subjects underwent similar laboratory evaluation. <b>Results:</b> Dysregulation of APRIL was not as great as that of BLyS. Changes in serum levels of APRIL and BLyS over time were usually discordant, whereas blood levels of APRIL and BLyS mRNA strongly paralleled each other. Serum APRIL levels modestly, but significantly, inversely correlated with serum anti-dsDNA titres in anti-dsDNA positive patients analysed in aggregate. Moreover, serum APRIL levels modestly, but significantly, inversely correlated with clinical disease activity in all patients analysed in aggregate. <b>Conclusion:</b> Serum levels of APRIL and BLyS are differentially regulated. APRIL may serve as a down modulator of serological and/or clinical autoimmunity in patients with SLE. This may have important ramifications for BLyS targeted treatment, and it remains to be determined whether agents which neutralise only BLyS will be preferable to agents which neutralise both BLyS and APRIL.
Ceramide Triggers Weibel–Palade Body Exocytosis
Authors: Rinky Bhatia, Kenji Matsushita, Munekazu Yamakuchi, Craig N. Morrell, Wangsen Cao, Charles J. Lowenstein
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The sphingolipid ceramide mediates a variety of stress responses, including vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Activated endothelial cells release Weibel-Palade bodies, granules containing von Willebrand factor (vWF) and P-selectin, which induce leukocyte rolling and platelet adhesion and aggregation. We hypothesized that ceramide induces vascular inflammation and thrombosis in part by triggering Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. We added ceramide to human aortic endothelial cells and assayed Weibel-Palade body exocytosis by measuring the concentration of vWF released into the media. Exogenous ceramide induces vWF release from endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Activators of endogenous ceramide production, neutral sphingomyelinase, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha also induce Weibel-Palade body exocytosis. We next studied NO effects on ceramide-induced Weibel-Palade body exocytosis because NO can inhibit vascular inflammation. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine decreases ceramide-induced vWF release in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increases ceramide-induced vWF release. In summary, our findings show that endogenous ceramide triggers Weibel-Palade body exocytosis, and that endogenous NO inhibits ceramide-induced exocytosis. These data suggest a novel mechanism by which ceramide induces vascular inflammation and thrombosis.
Prevalence of Myocardial Viability as Detected by Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Martin Allen Auerbach, Heiko Schöder, Carl Hoh, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, Shariar Yaghoubi, Jim W. Sayre, Daniel Silverman, Michael E. Phelps, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Johannes Czernin
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Detection of myocardial viability is important in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Restoration of blood flow to viable myocardium is associated with improved left ventricular function and improved patient prognosis. However, the prevalence of viable myocardium in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Methods and Results —To determine the prevalence of myocardial viability, clinical [ 13 N]ammonia/ 18 F-deoxyglucose PET studies performed in 283 patients (age, 63±10 years) with ischemic heart disease (mean ejection fraction, 26±8%) were visually analyzed for the presence and extent of viable and nonviable myocardium. The myocardium was divided into 19 segments. The extent of viable myocardium was considered “functionally” significant if ≥5 segments (≈25% of the left ventricular myocardium) exhibited a blood flow/metabolism mismatch and “prognostically” significant if 1 to 4 left ventricular segments did so. Of all patients, 41% had no evidence of viable myocardium, 55% had viable myocardium, and 4% had normal blood flow and metabolism within an enlarged left ventricle. Functionally significant viability was found in 27% and prognostically significant viability in 28% of the patients. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of angina to be the only clinical parameter associated with the presence of functionally significant viability. Conclusions —Revascularization might improve patient prognosis in 55% and result in improved left ventricular function in 27% of all patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Hepatitis B virus infection and fatty liver in the general population
Authors: Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu, Angel Mei-Ling Chim, Arlinking Ong, David Ka-Wai Yeung, Karen Kar-Lum Yiu, Shirley Ho-Ting Chu, Hoi-Yun Chan, Jean Woo, Francis Ka-Leung Chan, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Engineered AAV vector minimizes in vivo targeting of transduced hepatocytes by capsid-specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Ashley T. Martino, Etiena Basner-Tschakarjan, David M. Markusic, Jonathan D. Finn, Christian Hinderer, Shangzhen Zhou, David A. Ostrov, Arun Srivastava, Hildegund C. J. Ertl, Cox Terhorst, Katherine A. High, Federico Mingozzi, Roland W. Herzog
Journal: Blood (2013)
Lesion of Upper Pole of Right Kidney
Authors: Donald L. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Luiz F. Mattoso: This was the first admission to the Massachusetts General Hospital of a 22-year-old woman with the chief complaints of dysuria and right flank pain of four days duration. During these four days she had noticed burning on urination, frequency, and nocturia, five to six times. The urine had a strong odor but was not bloody. On the day of admission she awoke at 4 AM with nausea, vomiting, and a dull, constant pain in the right flank. She was found to have costovertebral angle tenderness, a white blood cell count (WBC) of 14,800/cu mm, with 78% polymorphonuclear cells, and cloudy urine with 20 to 30 red blood cells and 50 to 70 white blood cells per highpowered field. It was felt that she had cystitis with early ascending pyelonephritis. Urine was obtained for culture, and she was sent home and told to take sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) and
The Cost-Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Intravenous Versus Oral Proton Pump Inhibitors in Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage
Authors: Brennan M.R. Spiegel, Gareth S. Dulai, Brian S. Lim, Neel Mann, Fasiha Kanwal, Ian M. Gralnek
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Anomalous Connection of Right Pulmonary Veins to Superior Vena Cava with Interatrial Communications
Authors: H. J. C. SWAN, JOHN W. KIRKLIN, LUIS M. BECU, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Anomalous connection of the right pulmonary veins to the superior vena cava associated with an interatrial communication in an unusually cephalad location has been diagnosed at cardiac catheterization in 8 patients. These patients had the clinical features seen in patients who have atrial septal defects in the region of the fossa ovalis. Differentiation was accomplished by (1) the roentgenographic position of the catheter in the right superior pulmonary vein, (2) demonstration of an abnormally high oxygen saturation of the blood in the superior vena cava, (3) the presence of a small right-to-left shunt from the superior vena cava and the absence of such a shunt from the inferior vena cava, and (4) demonstration of similar drainage of blood from the right superior pulmonary vein and superior vena cava. The syndrome is considered to be an anomaly of pulmonary venous development while the atrial septum forms normally.
Differential cytokine and transcription factor expression in patients with allergic reactions to drugs
Authors: J. A. Cornejo‐Garcia, T. D. Fernandez, M. J. Torres, M. Carballo, I. Hernan, C. Antunez, M. Blanca, C. Mayorga
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Allergic drug reactions (ADR) can be either immediate reaction (IR) (IgE mediated) or delayed reaction (DR) (T‐cell mediated). They follow the Th1/Th2 paradigm, with DR expressing interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) with down‐regulation of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IR expressing IL‐4 with down‐regulation of IFN‐γ. We studied the extension of this polarization in DR and IR by examining the cytokine and transcription factor profile in T‐cell subpopulations during the acute phase of an ADR. Methods: Expressions of cytokines [IL‐4, IFN‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)] and transcription factors (c‐maf, GATA‐3 and T‐bet) were analysed by semi‐quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in CD4 and CD8 subpopulations from ADR patients. Results: In DR, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and T‐bet increased significantly in both CD4 and CD8 subpopulations, depending on the clinical severity. In IR, IL‐4, c‐Maf and GATA‐3 were increased, but only significantly in CD4. A positive correlation existed between IFN‐γ and T‐bet in DR and between IL‐4 and c‐Maf and GATA‐3 in IR. In DR, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and T‐bet were increased during the acute phase in CD4 and CD8. In IR, IL‐4, c‐Maf and GATA‐3 were all increased in the acute phase, but only in CD4. Conclusions: These results support the Th1/Th2 paradigm in ADR, confirming previous findings that include the expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and extending the observation to the transcription factors involved in the polarization of the immune response. Monitoring the reactions in the cell populations implicated, could be an important tool for assessing the mechanisms involved in ADR.
Gamete donors for IVF should relinquish right of ownership to resulting embryos
Authors: M R Gazvani, A J M Thomson, S J Wood, C R Kingsland, D I Lewis-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITORőThe Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act states that gamete donors have rights over the destiny of their gametes and any embryos resulting from their use.1 Donors are volunteers, who are given a full explanation of the use of their gametes for clinical or research purposes. After counselling, donors proceed to donation only if they are in full agreement about the use of their gametes, which extends to deciding the fate of any resulting embryos from …
802 CELL SURFACE PANTETHEINASE, VANIN-1, INCREASES OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED LIVER INJURY VIA A REDUCTION IN GLUTATHIONE
Authors: H.C. Matthews, D. Concas, H. Kudo, Q. Anstee, H. Thomas, R. Cox, R.D. Goldin, M.R. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
The mean predicts the number of deviants
Authors: P. Skrabanek
Journal: BMJ (1990)

because they contain added iron and vitamin D and have limited saturated fat and sodium contents, without limiting energy content.Regarding cost we can quibble over figures, but let's accept an extra cost ofE l.43 a week of using a follow on milk (or infant formula) instead of cows' milk.This is the equivalent each day of one to two disposable nappies, or a newspaper, or two cigar- ettes, or 28 ml beer.Nevertheless, for some families even this extra cost may be the proverbial straw-but the answer to this is to change other aspects of public policy, not to continue to recom- mend substandard child feeding customs that are being abandoned by many other countries in the developed world.
PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS IN A PRIMIPARA DELIVERED OF TWINS: ADVANTAGES OF CHLOROFORM IN SUCH CASES
Authors: H. Rudge
Journal: BMJ (1853)

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTIES.AUGusT Ii, deodorize the place; but the remissness of the friends rendered this measure ineffectual.In Mrs. C.'s house there was nothing of an objectionable nature discovered; but it is possible that there was something faulty in the sanitary condition of the neighbourhood.It is worthy of remark, that the p)lacenta was in each case detached naturally, and within ten minutes.('hatbarn, Jul) 30Lh, 1tS3.
Systemic Hypertension and Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: H. I. Obeyesekere, M. Dulake, H. Demerdash, R. Hollister
Journal: BMJ (1965)

There are many conflicting reports concerning the frequency of systemic hypertension in patients suffering from mitral valve disease, and many theories concerning the relation between the two conditions. We have made a further study of the problem from the case records and necropsy reports of patients with
I-123 iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) metabolic imaging predicts improvement of global left ventricular function after coronary revascularization
Authors: Mario S. Verani, Raymond Taillefer, John J. Mahmarian, Zuo-Xiang He, Cesare Orlandi, Ami S. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
A Switch in Time Saves a Statistical Bind-Reply
Authors: Clayton T. Cowl
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —It is important to note that the statistics in the article are lifetime prevalence rates rather than annual incidence rates, a point that is easily confused. The American Cancer Society's annual publication, Cancer Facts and Figures , estimates that in 1991 approximately 175 000 women will develop breast cancer. 1 Overall, 1.1 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed this year, and 514 000 women will die from the disease (1400 women each day). The lifetime risk for women developing breast cancer has recently been determined to increase from one in 10 women to one in nine women, a change reflecting both a rising incidence of breast cancer and an aging population. 1 These results are compiled by the American Cancer Society using data collected through the National Cancer Institute's Survey of Epidemiological End Results, an accumulation of actual incidence rates from 10 US oncologic registries.
Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and diabetic complications.
Authors: H Ohlin, P Jerntorp, B Bergstrom, L O Almer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Many diabetics who take chlorpropamide (a sulphonylurea compound) experience facial flushing after drinking even small amounts of alcohol. These flushers have a noticeably lower prevalence of late complications of diabetes (microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, and neuropathy) than non-flushers. This flush reaction is accompanied by increased blood acetaldehyde concentrations, suggesting an inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the present study the activity of this enzyme in erythrocytes was assessed in the absence of chlorpropamide. Erythrocyte homogenates obtained from flushers and non-flushers were incubated with acetaldehyde and the rate of metabolism studies. Flushers eliminated acetaldehyde more slowly at a low range of concentrations (0--30 mumol/l), suggesting a difference in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Ugandan AIDS care workers realign strategies as Global Fund cuts grants
Authors: H. Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ugandan health workers are becoming worried about the future of their patients as the world’s largest donor for HIV and AIDS, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, announces cuts in grants.

Doctors and healthcare volunteers are working out strategies to handle the future crisis, as they already see interruptions in the delivery of much needed antiretrovirals.

“Our patients are already dying because sometimes they cannot get the drugs in time, and they cannot afford the required nutritious food because they are very poor. If donors cut the grants, we shall end up burying people every day,” Paulo Kigongo, who works for a group called Hospice Africa, told the BMJ .

The Global Fund announced recently that although it had disbursed $8.5bn (£5.4bn; …
"Penbritin": An Oral Penicillin with Broad-spectrum Activity
Authors: G. T. Stewart, H. M. T. Coles, H. H. Nixon, R. J. Holt
Journal: BMJ (1961)

rPENBRITIN," A NEW PENICILLIN BDICJOURNAL Experiment 6.-For comparative purposes, 10 sub- jects received two 250-mg.capsules of tetracycline and a similar procedure was adopted as in the previous experiments except that no half-hour specimen was taken.The results are set out in Table VII.Serum TABLE VII.-Serum Concentrations and Urinary Excretion of Tetracycline After a Single 500-mg.Dose Sub-Dose Serum Concentration (pg.'ml.)Urine ject mg.l h 2 h mg. in mg I hr. 2 hr. 4 hr.6 hr.6 hr.
King's Fund is to set up inquiry into quality of general practice
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An independent inquiry to identify good quality care in general practice and how to measure it has been launched by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund.

The comprehensive study, which is backed by GPs’ leaders, aims to draw up a set of measures of quality in some of the core activities of general practice in England, such as diagnosis, referral, and prescribing.

Health professionals will be able to use the standards to rate the quality of their care and to …
Prognostic Value of Chronic Kidney Disease After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Masanori Yamamoto, Kentaro Hayashida, Gauthier Mouillet, Thomas Hovasse, Bernard Chevalier, Atsushi Oguri, Yusuke Watanabe, Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé, Marie-Claude Morice, Thierry Lefèvre, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Extreme Hypermagnesemia as a Cause of Refractory Hypotension
Authors: JOHN P. MORDES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A 62-year-old woman with adequate renal function who consumed large quantities of magnesium citrate presented with lethargy and hypotension. The hypotension was refractory to all conventional therapy. Her serum magnesium was 12.5 meq/litre (normal, 1.5 to 2.5). She was found to have a perforated duodenal ulcer; peritoneal aspirate magnesium concentration was 12.2 meq/litre. Hypotension improved with intravenous calcium and peritoneal dialysis. This case shows that hypermagnesemia may be accompanied by severe refractory hypotension, and that intestinal disease may predispose to hypermagnesemia in patients ingesting large quantities of magnesium despite normal renal function. Dialysis removes excess magnesium and reverses its toxic effects.
Anesthesia and Major Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Thomas Killip
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Modern anesthesia is one of the wonders of our age. In the properly prepared patient, current techniques for anesthesia permit a wide range of surgical procedures in a hemodynamically stable subject with relatively rapid postoperative recovery of mental and physiologic function. But all forms of surgery associated with general anesthesia carry a risk that must be estimated, however imprecisely, by the physicians called on to evaluate the patient preoperatively.  Cardiac events including arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and death have long been recognized as major factors for poor postoperative outcome. Forty years ago, Wroblewski and LaDue, using newly applied serum enzyme activity techniques, pointed out that there was a high incidence of potentially lethal myocardial infarction postoperatively. 1 Subsequently, Topkins and Artusio, 2 in a landmark article, described the high postoperative risk of patients who had had a myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months. In 1961, Dripps and coauthors 3 devised
Cut the Noise
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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