tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous balloon valvotomy for patients with severe mitral stenosis.
Authors: I Palacios, P C Block, S Brandi, P Blanco, H Casal, J I Pulido, S Munoz, G D'Empaire, M A Ortega, M Jacobs
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Thirty-five patients with severe mitral stenosis underwent percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV). There were 29 female and six male patients (mean age 49 +/- 3 years, range 13 to 87). After transseptal left heart catheterization, PMV was performed with either a single- (20 patients) or double- (14 patients) balloon dilating catheter. Hemodynamic and left ventriculographic findings were evaluated before and after PMV. There was one death. Mitral regurgitation developed or increased in severity in 15 patients (43%). One patient developed complete heart block requiring a permanent pacemaker. PMV resulted in a significant decrease in mitral gradient from 18 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than .0001) and a significant increase in both cardiac output from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 4.6 +/- 0.2 liters/min (p less than .001) and in mitral valve area from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm2 (p less than .0001) Effective balloon dilating diameter per square meter of body surface area correlated significantly with the decrease in mitral gradient but did not correlate with the degree of mitral regurgitation. There was no correlation of age, prior mitral commissurotomy or mitral calcification with hemodynamic results. PMV is an effective nonsurgical procedure for patients with mitral stenosis, including those with pliable valves, those with previous commissurotomy, and even those with mitral calcification.
Intravenous tyramine response in migraine before and during treatment with indoramin.
Authors: K Ghose, A Coppen, D Carrol
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We studied the response of 31 migraine sufferers (20 women, 11 men) to intravenous tyramine (the tyraminedose)pressor response test). Patients were treated either with pacebo tablets or indoramin, and alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, in a double-blind crrossover trial. We found that patients with migraine required significantly less tyramine to increase their cystolic blod pressure by 30 mm Hg when compared with matched controls. Indoramin significantly increased the amount of tyramine needed to raise the systolic blood pressure among migraine suffers and reduced the incidence of posttyramine migraine for m 46% while patients were on placebo tablets to 8% when they were receiveing indoramin. There was no association between tyramine sensitivity and a history of premenstrual or dietary migraine, nor was there a significant difference in the indierenence in the incidence of post-tyramine migrain between men women. We conclude that the intravenous tyramine test may be valuable in assessing migraine suffers who will respond to an alpha-advenergic blocking agent such as indoramin.
Tyrosine Kinase and c-Jun NH <sub>2</sub> -Terminal Kinase Mediate Hypertrophic Responses to Prostaglandin F <sub>2α</sub> in Cultured Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: John W. Adams, Valerie P. Sah, Scott A. Henderson, Joan Heller Brown
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Myocardial infarction results in focal areas of ischemia, hypoxia, necrosis, and decreased contractile function. To compensate for loss of contractile function, remaining viable myocytes undergo hypertrophic growth. Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), which is released from cells of the myocardium during periods of stress such as hypoxia or ischemia/reperfusion, has recently been shown to stimulate hypertrophic growth in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. In the present study, we determine which growth-related intracellular pathways are required for PGF2alpha to induce morphological and genetic features characteristic of the hypertrophic phenotype. In cardiomyocytes, PGF2alpha increases the hydrolysis of inositol phosphates and induces the translocation of protein kinase C epsilon to the myocyte membrane, consistent with PGF2alpha receptor coupling to Gq. PGF2alpha also activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Surprisingly, studies using pharmacological inhibitors and transfection of dominant-interfering proteins demonstrate that PGF2alpha-induced myocyte hypertrophy occurs independent of either PKC, p38, or ERK pathways. Additional studies demonstrate that PGF2alpha stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activates c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and suggest that these pathways mediate hypertrophic growth in response to PGF2alpha.
Genotyping and Genomic Profiling of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Current and Future Therapies
Authors: Tianhong Li, Hsing-Jien Kung, Philip C. Mack, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Substantial advances have been made in understanding critical molecular and cellular mechanisms driving tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over the last decade, these findings have led to the discovery of a variety of novel drug targets and the development of new treatment strategies. Already, the standard of care for patients with advanced-stage NSCLC is shifting from selecting therapy empirically based on a patient's clinicopathologic features to using biomarker-driven treatment algorithms based on the molecular profile of a patient's tumor. This approach is currently best exemplified by treating patients with NSCLC with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors when their cancers harbor gain-of-function hotspot mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements. These genotype-based targeted therapies represent the first step toward personalizing NSCLC therapy. Recent technology advances in multiplex genotyping and high-throughput genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing technologies now offer the possibility of rapidly and comprehensively interrogating the cancer genome of individual patients from small tumor biopsies. This advance provides the basis for categorizing molecular-defined subsets of patients with NSCLC in whom a growing list of novel molecularly targeted therapeutics are clinically evaluable and additional novel drug targets can be discovered. Increasingly, practicing oncologists are facing the challenge of determining how to select, interpret, and apply these new genetic and genomic assays. This review summarizes the evolution, early success, current status, challenges, and opportunities for clinical application of genotyping and genomic tests in therapeutic decision making for NSCLC.
Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality — Clearing the Air
Authors: James H. Ware
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In the years after World War II, several episodes of severe air pollution in the United States and Britain aroused public concern about the effects on health of air pollutants produced by burning fossil fuels. The most dramatic, the London fog of December 1952, caused thousands of deaths. Responding to concern about air quality in the United States, Congress passed the Clean Air Act in 1970. This act directed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to identify pollutants that“may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health and welfare” and to issue criteria for air quality that, “allowing an adequate margin of . . .
Patients' accounts of calling the doctor out of hours: qualitative study in one general practice
Authors: J. Hopton, R. Hogg, I. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To investigate patients' accounts of calling the doctor out of hours.Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with two groups of patients who called their doctors out of hours from one general practice.23 people who had called the doctor on their behalf or on behalf of another adult and 23 people who had called on behalf of a child between 6 pm and 8 am on a week day (omitting the weekend from 6 pm on Friday to 8 am on Monday).although respondents described symptoms as the main reason for the call, they also described a range of other factors that led to the call, including their feelings, concerns about specific illnesses, their responsibility for others, and their previous attempts to manage the problem themselves. They also described past experiences with health services that were important in explaining the current out of hours call or explaining their general approach to using services.The pursuit of a model of out of hours care based on medical necessity that neglects the psychosocial context of illness may not be appropriate. The importance of previous experiences of health services and contacts with health professionals in explaining current service use requires wider acknowledgement by health professionals across sectors. Separate educational programmes to encourage patients to use out of hours services more appropriately that neglect these issues may be too simplistic.
A Shigella sonnei outbreak traced to imported basil – the importance of good typing tools and produce traceability systems, Norway, 2011
Authors: B R Guzman-Herrador, E Nilsen, K S Cudjoe, L Jensvoll, J M Kvamme, A Lindegård Aanstad, B A Lindstedt, K Nygård, G Severinsen, Ø Werner-Johansen, A L Wester, M Wiklund, L Vold
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Raised histamine concentrations in chronic cholestatic liver disease.
Authors: S D Gittlen, E S Schulman, W C Maddrey
Journal: Gut (1990)

Pruritus is a frequent symptom in chronic cholestatic liver disease. To date, no single causative mechanism has been identified. We examined venous plasma concentrations of the known pruritogen, histamine, using a highly sensitive radioenzymatic assay in 42 patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease, and in normal controls. The mean plasma histamine level was significantly greater in chronic cholestatic liver disease patients (275 (117) pg/ml; X (SD) than in controls (140 (72) pg/ml, n = 20) (p less than 0.0001). No significant differences were found between histamine concentrations in the two chronic cholestatic liver disease subgroups: primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis. Histamine concentrations were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the pruritic (319 (132) pg/ml) as compared with the non-pruritic (227 (75) pg/ml) chronic cholestatic liver disease patients. The histaminase activity was equivalent in patients and controls. The finding of raised histamine concentrations in chronic cholestatic liver disease suggests in vivo mast cell activation and a potential role for its mediators in the pruritus characteristic of these disorders.
Hepatitis B virus infection and renal transplantation
Authors: Gabriel Garcia, Blaine F. Hollinger
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may induce severe hepatitis and affect long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients. Persistent viral infection has been shown to occur despite the absence of usual serologic markers. The liver and serum HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) status of 90 patients were studied prospectively; recently transplanted patients, both hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and negative, with and without liver disease, were investigated with HBV serology, serum HBV DNA, and liver histology. Thirty-four patients had detectable HBsAg, and 21 had viral multiplication at the time of transplantation. Serial HBV DNA determinations performed in 57 of 90 patients disclosed (a) reactivation of HBV replication in 11 of 12 HBsAg-positive patients, (b) increase of viral replication when positive on the initial sample in 6 of 11 patients, and (c) development of HBV replication in 7 of 35 of the HBsAg-negative patients. Moreover, liver HBV DNA studies showed a statistical correlation between the presence of integrated liver HBV DNA and chronic hepatitis in HBsAg-negative patients. This study demonstrates prospectively the significant association of HBsAg-positive as well as HBsAg-negative HBV infection with chronic hepatitis and suggests that immuno-suppressive therapy may enhance the viral replication in both HBsAg-positive and negative subjects.
Chronic metabolic acidosis causes an adaptation in the apical membrane Na/H antiporter and basolateral membrane Na(HCO3)3 symporter in the rat proximal convoluted tubule.
Authors: P A Preisig, R J Alpern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The effect of chronic dietary acid on the apical membrane Na/H antiporter and basolateral membrane Na(HCO3)3 symporter was examined in the in vivo microperfused rat proximal tubule. Transporter activity was assayed with the epifluorescent measurement of cell pH using the intracellular, pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, (2'7')-bis(carboxyethyl)-(5,6)-carboxy-fluorescein (BCECF). BCECF was calibrated intracellularly, demonstrating similar pH-sensitivity of the dye in control and acidotic animals. In subsequent studies, lumen and peritubular capillaries were perfused to examine Na/H and Na(HCO3)3 transporter activity in the absence of contact with native fluid. The initial rate of change in cell pH (dpHi/dt) was 97, 50, and 44% faster in tubules from acidotic animals when peritubular [HCO3] was changed from 25 to 10 mM in the presence or absence of chloride, or peritubular [Na] was changed from 147 to 50 mM, respectively. dpHi/dt was 57% faster in tubules from acidotic animals when luminal [Na] was changed from 152 to 0 mM. Buffer capacities, measured using NH3/NH+4 addition, were similar in the two groups. The results demonstrate that chronic metabolic acidosis causes an adaptation in the intrinsic properties of both the apical membrane Na/H antiporter and basolateral membrane Na(HCO3)3 symporter.
Rape: Offenders and Their Victims
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Rape is a subject more apt to provoke emotion or cynicism than careful research. However, John Macdonald, associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Colorado and psychiatrist to the district courts of Colorado, has done a great deal of research and presented it in this interesting volume. He has interviewed rapists and their victims, has reviewed the literature, and evaluated the available statistics. He discusses the many circumstances under which rape may occur and gives verbatim accounts of the experiences of the girls and sometimes of their attackers. Incidentally, not all the victims can be called girls. He mentions one case of rape of an 85-year-old woman. He shows that in some instances victims provoked the attack or at least contributed to it by their unwise behavior. In other instances they were purely innocent victims. They were of all races, the majority single but some married, most of lower
Dietary arginine supplementation attenuates renal damage after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats1
Authors: Keiichi Ito, Jie Chen, Surya V. Seshan, Jonathan J Khodadadian, Rachel Gallagher, Maher E.L. Chaar, Edarracott Vaughan, D.I.X. P. Poppas, Diane Felsen
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Medical investigations among the Indians of Brazil.
Authors: P Hugh-Jones
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society 0.8 mg./kg., was given.Of the 10 patients treated, four were completely relieved, five were partially relieved, and only one showed no response.The speed of response varied from one to 10 days.Symptomatic improvement was notable.The duration of relief varied from four weeks to eight months.Recurrence of superior vena caval obstruction needing further treatment was seen in two of these patients, and another patient died of recurrent superior vena caval obstruction.It is felt that the results of this small series warrant further consideration of this readily available method of treatment as an alternative to radiotherapy.
Neuroblastoma Mass Screening in Late Infancy: Insights Into the Biology of Neuroblastic Tumors
Authors: Reinhold Kerbl, Christian E. Urban, Inge M. Ambros, Hans J. Dornbusch, Wolfgang Schwinger, Herwig Lackner, R. Ladenstein, V. Strenger, H. Gadner, Peter F. Ambros
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Neuroblastoma screening in early infancy has detected predominantly “favorable” tumors. We postponed screening to an age between 7 and 12 months to test whether this shift of screening age might influence the detection rate of genetically/clinically unfavorable tumors. Patients and Methods: In a 10-year period, 313,860 infants were screened by analysis of urine catecholamines. When a neuroblastoma was diagnosed, at least two different areas from every tumor were analyzed for genetic features (MYCN amplification, 1p status, ploidy). Furthermore, neuroblastoma incidence and mortality of the screened group and the cohort of 572,483 children not participating in the screening program were compared. Results: Forty-six neuroblastomas were detected by mass screening. In 17 tumors (37%) at least one of the biologic features was “unfavorable.” In 10 of 17 patients, one or more of these alterations were only focally present (tumor heterogeneity). In the screened cohort, neuroblastoma incidence was significantly higher when compared with unscreened children (18.2 v 11.2/100,000 births), while there was a trend towards lower incidence of stage 4 over 1 year (2.2 v 3.8). Mortality was not significantly different (0.96 v 1.57). Conclusion: In contrast to other neuroblastoma screening programs, more than one-third of patients were found with unfavorable genetic markers in our study. The high proportion of focal alterations suggests that biologically young neuroblastomas may consist of genetically favorable and unfavorable parts/areas/clones. We conclude that at least one-third of neuroblastomas detected by screening in late infancy are anticipated cases. This, however, does not result in significantly reduced mortality.
Safeguards in research are needed to protect patients privacy, says report
Authors: J. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Safeguards to protect patient information need to be built in to the use of secondary data in health research, but asking everyone whether it is acceptable for their information to be used in research that involves large databases is impractical.

That is the finding of a report, written by US policy consultant Dr William Lowrance and published by the Nuffield Trust, that seeks to provide guidance on using medical data for research purposes—the subject of a contentious debate.

Advocates claim that it is in the best interests of the public that personal data are collected and monitored. …
PUBLIC HEALTH INTELLIGENCE OF THE HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Authors: L. Rajchman
Journal: BMJ (1932)

To the Editor.  —May I through the courtesy of your columns bring to the notice of public health administrators the facilities that exist in the Health Organization of the League of Nations for the supply of information relating to the detailed application of different public health methods in various countries. In addition, comparative information is available with regard to epidemiologic statistics and public health legislation.  The Health Organization is willing to supply, as far as possible, data on these branches of preventive medicine.  Inquiries are, however, limited to those from the heads of large administrations or the heads of scientific institutions, who should indicate the purpose for which the information is required in view of the amount of work that unconsidered requests necessarily involve. Furthermore, inquiries should be limited to information that is not already in the medical press.  All inquiries should be addressed to the Medical Director, Health Section,
Letter from Moscow: Modern Russian poets
Authors: G E Falkowski
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Br M edjl990;300:455 Medicine and creative writing have always been asso? ciated in Russian culture. Chekhov and Veresayev at the beginning of the century, Bulgakov in the 1920s and '30s, and Aksyonov today?all were members of the medical profession. But to name someone who was both a poet and a doctor is more difficult. The authors mentioned above did not actually write poetry, though the language of some of Chekhov's and particularly Bulgakov's stories has a distinctly poetic flavour. On the other hand, poetry and poets have tradition? ally had an important role in Russian history, influencing public opinion through their verses? satirical, tragic, and basically critical of officialdom. A poet in Russia is more than just a  Yevgeny Yevtushenko, the well known Soviet poet, writes in one of his poems. The late 1960s saw a powerful upsurge of popular interest in poetry. On the crest of this wave many young poets and writers came to the fore, attracting large audiences and leading public discussions. Then the wave subsided as the country entered the dull, stagnant period of the 70s. That was the time when mediocrity flourished, a time of disillusionment, discouragement, and discontent. Paradoxically, that period, coming after the spiritual spring of the early '60s, was to see the birth of a new star in the poetic firmament: the winner of the 1988 Nobel prize for poetry, Joseph Brodsky, the great successor of the greats. In that period of stagnation official censorship viewed with suspicion every piece of writing that contained even a hint of criticism of the established order. Nevertheless, poetry still reached the people, not through official channels but through the use of tape recorders and other modern technical equipment. Poetry now took the form of songs or ballads written and sung by popular bards to the accompaniment of a guitar in clubs, in the homes of friends, and at similar informal gatherings. Like the ballads sung by the bards of old these songs carried a human message. They expressed the unspoken feelings, thoughts, doubts, and hopes of the people. Recorded at once on tapes, they spread their message all over the country with great speed. The songs composed and sung by the pioneer of the genre, Bulat Okudjava, and his famous but completely different contemporaries Alexander Galich and Vladimir Vysotsky could be heard in the homes of leading party officials and in village public meetings alike. They had a powerful appeal for every? one. Galich and Vysotsky are no longer alive, and it was only after 1985, which marked the beginning of perestroika, that they were recognised officially but posthumously; their discs and verses are now readily available in stores. But the tradition did not end there. In the '60s another name became popular?that of Alexander Rosenbaum. Born in 1951 in Leningrad, he graduated The dance of autumn