tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravenous immunoglobulins suppress T-cell priming by modulating the bidirectional interaction between dendritic cells and natural killer cells
Authors: Thanyalak Tha-In, Herold J. Metselaar, Hugo W. Tilanus, Zwier M. A. Groothuismink, Ernst J. Kuipers, Robert A. de Man, Jaap Kwekkeboom
Journal: Blood (2007)
Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Ned Calonge, Diana B. Petitti, Thomas G. DeWitt, Allen J. Dietrich, Leon Gordis, Kimberly D. Gregory, Russell Harris, George Isham, Rosanne Leipzig, Michael L. LeFevre, Carol Loveland-Cherry, Lucy N. Marion, Virginia A. Moyer, Judith K. Ockene, George F. Sawaya, Barbara P. Yawn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Description: New U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations about behavioral counseling of adolescents and adults to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of counseling. The review included studies evaluating behavioral counseling interventions conducted in primary settings, those judged feasible in primary care, and those to which patients might be referred from primary care. Recommendations: The USPSTF recommends high-intensity behavioral counseling for all sexually active adolescents and for adults at increased risk for STIs. (B recommendation) Current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of behavioral counseling to prevent STIs in non–sexually active adolescents and in adults not at increased risk for STIs. (I statement)
Methaqualone Abuse In Europe
Authors: Harry Silsby
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While products containing methaqualone (especially Mandrax [Britain], which also contains diphenhydramine hydrochloride) were available for many years to US troops in Europe, especially from the German economy, very little evidence of abuse of this drug existed until 1972. From 1972 to the present, Mandrax abuse by US Army troops has steadily increased. For example, about ten admissions per month during 1972 were related to the toxic effects or overdose of that particular drug. This represented 5% of the total drug-abuse admissions at that time. During 1973, the admissions increased to an average of 60 per month (12% of the total drug-abuse admissions), while the first half of 1974 showed similar rates, but with a slightly downward trend of total drug abuse. Urinalysis testing for methaqualone was developed by the US Air Force Laboratory in West Germany during 1973, using a thin-layer chromatography procedure for screening the urine
Intestinal obstruction complicating orphenadrine treatment.
Authors: P Daggett, S Z Ibrahim
Journal: BMJ (1976)

information centres.Nevertheless, the onset of recovery was rapid.The important late effect of the poisoning was the development of jejunal ulceration and diverticula formation, and hence the formation of strictures remains a real possibility.The induction of a diuresis seemed to play a particularly important part in preventing acute renal damage.The prognosis in methylene chloride poisoning theh is far from hopeless.With scrupulous intensive care recovery may be anticipated.
The Wolfenden Report
Authors: K. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1959)

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione. It is reported that N-acetylcysteine could be effective in conditions with such oxidative stress.However,there are no clinical studies to show its efficacy in PTB patients.Hence this study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate if supplementation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) adjuvant to DOTS-1 regimen reduces the oxidative stress in these patients and has a beneficial treatment outcome.Also to co-relate glutathione levels with correction of immune dysregulation in pulm.tuberculosis and role of glutathione in immunopathogenesis of PTB. MATERIAL &amp; METHOD: Prospective, randomized, double–blind, placebo controlled study in patients with newly diagnosed sputum positive PTB,divided into 2 groups. Gr.A (n=33) received tablet NAC 600mg while Gr.B (n=34) received placebo, two times a day for 2 months (intensive phase of chemotherapy). Both the study groups received (DOTS category I).48 patients completed study. RESULTS : NAC significantly caused early sputum negativity (p=0.0019), radiological improvement (p&lt;0.05) and reduced DTH response (p=0.003). Serum Glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher in NAC group than in placebo group.Co-relation is seen in the severity of disease and low Glutathione peroxidase levels. CONCLUSION: NAC as an adjuvant appears to be an effective agent in terms of early bacteriological and radiological improvement in treatment of pulm.tuberculosis. Its antioxidant and immunological effect are contributory in early clinical cure in these patients.
Recombinant human CD40 ligand stimulates B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin E secretion.
Authors: M K Spriggs, R J Armitage, L Strockbine, K N Clifford, B M Macduff, T A Sato, C R Maliszewski, W C Fanslow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Signaling through the cell surface molecule, CD40, is known to play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Using the thymoma cell line EL4, we recently identified and cloned a cDNA encoding a murine ligand for the CD40 molecule (mCD40-L) and showed that it has biological activity in vitro. A cDNA encoding a human homologue of the mCD40-L was isolated using crosshybridization techniques from an activated peripheral blood T cell library. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that this human ligand for CD40 (hCD40-L) is a 261 amino acid type II membrane protein that exhibits 78% amino acid identity with its murine counterpart. Northern blot and FACS analyses suggest that the hCD40-L is restricted in its expression to T lymphocytes, and that it is most abundant on the CD4+ T cell subpopulation. Cells transfected with hCD40-L caused the proliferation of human tonsil B cells in the absence of costimuli and, in the presence of interleukin 4, induced immunoglobulin E secretion from purified human B cells. A comparison of the efficacy of the hCD40-L and mCD40-L in these assays is presented.
IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS OF EXTRATHYROIDAL TISSUES*
Authors: Richard W. Heninger, Frank C. Larson, Edwin C. Albright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Several methods, giving values essentially in agreement, are now available to determine the iodine content-of plasma.Attempts to quanti- tate the iodine content of tissues have not yielded consistent results.The purpose of our paper is to report the application to this problem of a method based on isotopic equilibrium and using 1125 as a radioactive tracer.With this procedure, it is possible to measure the concentration of total iodine, iodide, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and some unidentified iodine-containing substances in plasma, selected tissues, and excreta of the rat.METHODS Diets.Rats were fed two separate diets differing in their iodine content.The first, designated "high-iodine," consisted of a standard laboratory diet 1 containing 1.7 ,ug of iodine 2 per g of ration; the second, designated "low-iodine," was a special low-iodine ration 3 containing 0.06 /Ag of iodine 2 per g.To avoid the possibility of producing iodine deficiency (1), we added enough po- tassium iodide to raise the iodine content to 0.22 /Ag per g.The amount of iodine added to the diets as I"5 was negligible.The two diets, therefore, differed approximately tenfold in iodine concentration.Enough feed was obtained from the manufacturers to complete all the experiments with one lot, avoiding variations in the stable-iodine content.I"25 was obtained carrier free from a commercial source.4Its purity was confirmed by chromatography and by decay analysis.Uniform distribution of I"2 within the diet simply by mixing the feed with the iso- tope as iodide proved impossible, even with extensive
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: F. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A worthwhile 10 minutes

I was fully booked and running late when the receptionist asked me to fit a patient in. She said that he insisted on seeing me. No one else would do. She had offered appointments for other doctors that day or with me the next day but these were unacceptable. I had finally given in with bad grace.

He is 91, but fully alert, an ex-banker with the attention to detail (or obsessionalism) that I have observed in other retired financial advisers. He has carcinoma of the bronchus, diagnosed two years ago. Despite radiotherapy he continues to cough up blood. He knows his diagnosis and has faced the future calmly. He copes with the slow deterioration bravely and in a matter of fact manner. He always …
Judge overturns New York's ban on supersize sweet drinks
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has vowed to appeal against a court ruling, which struck down his ban on large sugary drinks this week.1

The ban on sugary drinks larger than 16oz was due to come into force today (12 March), but Justice Milton A Tingling Jr of the State Supreme Court in Manhattan called the limits “arbitrary and capricious,” and said that they …
Treatment of Asthma with Drugs Modifying the Leukotriene Pathway
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Elliot Israel, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In 1979 and 1980, the chemical structures of the material previously known as slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis were elucidated as 5(S)- hydroxy- 6(R)-glutathionyl- 7,9-trans-11,14- cis - eico- satetraenoic acid1 and its cysteinyl-glycyl and cysteinyl congener (also known as leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, respectively). These molecules were so named because the parent molecule was originally isolated from leukocytes, and its carbon backbone contained three double bonds in series, which constitutes a triene. This structural information provided the key to the oxidative pathway of lipid metabolism known as the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.One of . . .
Failure is not fatal: long-term remission in refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after graft failure of cord blood stem cells
Authors: J A Burger, N S Velev, E J Jabbour, W G Wierda, F Ravandi, J E Cortes, H Kantarjian, Y L Nieto, E J Shpall, J L Jorgensen
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
England's public health reorganisation could hamper response to a flu pandemic, report says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government’s overhaul of the NHS has left England dangerously unprepared for a flu pandemic, a new report has claimed.

The analysis by the Centre for Health and the Public Interest, a health think tank, warns that the coalition government’s restructuring of the NHS in England has led to a fragmented system and a loss of institutional memory that could seriously hamper a response to any potential flu pandemic.1

Pandemic flu is identified as one of the four highest-priority risks on the government’s national risk register of civil emergencies.

But the report warns that changes to the NHS—which included replacing managerial structures across England, moving public health administration from the NHS …
Sublingual Isosorbide Dinitrate Therapy Versus Sublingual Placebo in Angina Pectoris
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW, HERMAN M. CHESLUK
Journal: Circulation (1970)

A double-blind crossover study comparing the effects of 5 mg of isosorbide dinitrate given sublingually four times daily for 4 weeks to those of a placebo also administered sublingually four times daily for 4 weeks was performed on 20 male patients with classical exertional angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. Isosorbide dinitrate, compared to placebo, significantly reduced the number of anginal episodes requiring nitroglycerin in only one of 17 patients (6%), did not significantly improve exercise tolerance in any of 17 patients, and did not improve the resting or exercise electrocardiograms in any of 17 patients. Isosorbide dinitrate produced headaches in 12 of 19 patients (63%), and two of these patients (11%) were unable to tolerate the drug. Isosorbide dinitrate administered sublingually is no more effective than placebo in treating angina pectoris.
Allopurinol and Nitric Oxide Activity in the Cerebral Circulation of Those With Diabetes
Authors: Jesse Dawson, Terry Quinn, Craig Harrow, Kennedy R. Lees, Christopher J. Weir, Stephen J. Cleland, Matthew R. Walters
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes increases risk of stroke, perhaps because of impaired cerebrovascular basal nitric oxide (NO) activity. We investigated whether this activity is improved by a 2-week course of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. We measured the response to infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (l-NMMA) in males with type 2 diabetes before and after allopurinol or placebo. The primary end point was the change in internal carotid artery flow following l-NMMA infusion, expressed as the area under the flow-per-time curve. RESULTS—We enrolled 14 participants. Allopurinol improved responses to l-NMMA when compared with responses associated with placebo (P = 0.032; median reduction in internal carotid artery flow following l-NMMA of 3,144 ml [95% CI 375–7,143]). CONCLUSIONS—Xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol appears to improve cerebral NO bioavailability, as evidenced by a greater response to infusion of l-NMMA.
Some Neurophysiologic Differences Between Schizophrenia and Depression
Authors: GEORGE B. WHATMORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Fatigue of neurons after a prolonged hyperponesis (measurable electromyographically) may be one factor in the production of depressive states. On the other hand, in acute schizophrenic episodes a disorganization of activity in neuronal networks may take place before fatigue of neurons has time to develop—occurring shortly after the onset of hyperponesis.
Control of Alimentary Symptoms in Far Advanced Cancer
Authors: Emil J. Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This subject is approached from the perspective of care in the hospice setting, and the authors are experienced in hospice care. It is based on British experiences and written primarily for a British audience. Thus, included as an appendix is a "limited list of drugs" (Britain). A quarter of the pages are devoted to two of the 15 chapters, on nausea and vomiting and constipation. Although the introduction points out that this is the companion volume to<i>Symptom Control in Far Advanced Cancer: Pain Relief</i>(1983), they devote 35 additional pages to the topic of pain with an orientation toward the alimentary system. Those three chapters constitute one third of the book. The style of this book is largely anecdotal, with specific case reports illustrating the types of management advocated by the authors. Each paragraph deals briefly with physiology and pathology. The dominant portion of each chapter discusses practical steps
Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer: cohort study among people receiving antihypertensive drugs in UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: K. Bhaskaran, I. Douglas, S. Evans, T. van Staa, L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To investigate whether there is an association between use of angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of cancer.Cohort study of risk of cancer in people treated with angiotensin receptor blockers compared with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Effects were explored with time updated covariates in Cox models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes and metformin/insulin use, hypertension, heart failure, statin use, socioeconomic status, alcohol, smoking, and calendar year. Absolute changes in risk were predicted from a Poisson model incorporating the strongest determinants of risk from the main analysis.UK primary care practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database.377,649 new users of angiotensin receptor blockers or ACE inhibitors with at least one year of initial treatment.Adjusted hazard ratios for all cancer and major site specific cancers (breast, lung, colon, prostate) by exposure to angiotensin receptor blockers and by cumulative duration of use.Follow-up ended a median of 4.6 years after the start of treatment; 20,203 cancers were observed. There was no evidence of any increase in overall risk of cancer among those ever exposed to angiotensin receptor blockers (adjusted hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.06, P = 0.10). For specific cancers, there was some evidence of an increased risk of breast and prostate cancer (1.11, 1.01 to 1.21, P = 0.02; and 1.10, 1.00 to 1.20, P = 0.04; respectively), which in absolute terms corresponded to an estimated 0.5 and 1.1 extra cases, respectively, per 1000 person years of follow-up among those with the highest baseline risk. Longer duration of treatment did not seem to be associated with higher risk (P>0.15 in each case). There was a decreased risk of lung cancer (0.84, 0.75 to 0.94), but no effect on colon cancer (1.02, 0.91 to 1.16).Use of angiotensin receptor blockers was not associated with an increased risk of cancer overall. Observed increased risks for breast and prostate cancer were small in absolute terms, and the lack of association with duration of treatment meant that non-causal explanations could not be excluded.
A piece of my mind. Aging and caring
Authors: P. E. Ruskin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

I was invited to present a lecture to a class of graduate nurses who were studying the "Psychosocial Aspects of Aging." I started my lecture with the following case presentation: The patient is a white female who appears her reported age. She neither speaks nor comprehends the spoken word. Sometimes she babbles incoherently for hours on end. She is disoriented about person, place, and time. She does, however, seem to recognize her own name. I have worked with her for the past 6 months, but she still does not recognize me. She shows complete disregard for her physical appearance and makes no effort whatsoever to assist in her own care. She must be fed, bathed, and clothed by others. Because she is edentulous, her food must be puréed, and because she is incontinent of both urine and stool, she must be changed and bathed often. Her shirt is generally soiled
Abstract 5063: PSCA as a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for common cancer
Authors: Koichi Matsuda, Chizu Tanikawa, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract SNP rs2294008 in PSCA was shown to be associated with bladder and gastric cancer risk among European and Asian. PSCA was upregulated in various cancer tissues, and PSCA expression level was associated with tumor stage and poor prognosis. Thus PSCA is consider as promising therapeutic target of cancers. Our group revealed that T allele of rs2294008 encodes a translation initiation codon upstream of the reported site and changes protein localization from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. To further investigate the role of this variation in Japanese population, we genotyped using bladder and lung cancer samples. As a result, we found the significant association with bladder and lung cancer risk (OR=1.20 and 1.09 with P-value of 0.0092 and 0.0126). In addition, we found that T allele was associated with higher level of mRNA expression and T type of PSCA protein was secreted into the culture medium. These finding suggest that PSCA genotype and serum PSCA protein would be good biomarkers of disease risk, prognosis, and response to treatment using anti-PSCA antibody, implicating the clinical usefulness of genomic analysis for the treatment of common cancer. Citation Format: Koichi Matsuda, Chizu Tanikawa, Yusuke Nakamura. PSCA as a potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for common cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5063
Cell-mediated Immunity to Intrinsic Factor in Autoimmune Disorders
Authors: D. James, G. Asherson, I. Chanarin, N. Coghill, S. Hamilton, R. L. Himsworth, D. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Evidence of cell-mediated immunity to gastric intrinsic factor was present in 86% of patients with pernicious anaemia and in at least 13% of patients with hyperthyroidism, 21% of patients with atrophic gastritis, and four out of nine (46%) patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. Controls gave negative results. The four patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia and cell-mediated immunity to intrinsic factor had evidence of impaired gastric function.
Science and Practice in Anesthesia
Authors: William H. L. Dornette
Journal: JAMA (1966)

At first glance the title of this little book may appear misleading, for its contents cover but a small portion of the known scientific and practical (if one is justified in separating the two) aspects of anesthesiology. The material contained therein was presented at a Reunion Refresher Course held at the Department of Anesthesiology of the University of Pennsylvania. It was prepared by alumni of the department and current staff members, and represents the interests and activities of "only a small segment of these" men. The contents cover "areas of interest to practicing anesthetists, fields of endeavor of academic anesthetists and, in many instances, a posing of some of the challenges that face the specialty." Despite the limitations posed by the size of the volume, the editor has assembled a goodly amount of material, all current, on 18 varied subjects related to anesthesiology. The 22 authors present their timely discourses
Regular inspections of NHS trusts to be dropped, in favour of self reporting
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

NHS trusts in England will no longer be subjected to week long inspections every three years unless there is evidence of a problem, under new rules for assessing healthcare services launched this week by the Healthcare Commission.

Instead all health service providers will have to publish annual figures showing how they performed against standards and targets set by the government. These performance figures will be compared across hospitals to form a league table, although the star ratings …