tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Surgery in Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: WILLIAM B. STASON, ROMAN W. DESANCTIS, ARNOLD N. WEINBERG, W. GERALD AUSTEN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Open heart surgery has been performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital in 13 patients less than 6 months after the initiation of treatment for acute or subacute bacterial endocarditis. The endocarditis involved the aortic valve in 12 cases and a mitral valve prosthesis in the other. In two patients there was concomitant rupture of chordae tendineae of the mitral valve. One patient received no preoperative antibiotics, and four were still receiving their initial course of therapy at the time of surgery. The primary indication for surgery in all cases was progressive or intractable congestive heart failure. Ten underwent replacement of the aortic valve alone, two had both aortic and mitral valves replaced, and one had a mitral prosthesis replaced. Of the 13 patients, 10 are alive and doing well, although paraprosthetic insufficiency developed in three, two of whom required subsequent surgical repair. Three patients died, two in the early postoperative period, and one, 8 months after surgery from paraprosthetic regurgitation with hemolysis and heart failure. Antibiotics were given during and after surgery for as long as 6 weeks. In no case has recurrent sepsis been a problem. Our experience indicates that open heart surgery, when necessitated by progressive congestive heart failure due to valve destruction, can be safely and effectively performed during or shortly after treatment of bacterial endocarditis.
Cystic fibrosis. 7. Management of cystic fibrosis in different countries. Cystic fibrosis in Copenhagen.
Authors: C Koch, N Hoiby
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Cystic fibrosis in Copenhagen In older patients chronic infection with P aeruginosa is the main problem.'In 1975-6 we changed from "on demand" antibiotic treat- Christian Koch, Niels H0iby ment to regular two week courses every three months for all patients with chronic P aerugi- nosa infection,5 giving a combination of The past 30 years have witnessed a dramatic intravenous tobramycin and a suitable # lactam improvement in life expectancy and quality or oral fluoroquinolone.The rationale for this of life for patients with cystic fibrosis.This was based on studies of the immune mechan- can be ascribed to improved management of isms leading to tissue damage in patients with bronchopulmonary infections, which cause chronic infections.67This change was followed premature loss of pulmonary function.The by an improved prognosis from a five year basis of management is a high level of clinical survival rate of 54% after the onset of chronic P and microbiological surveillance coupled with aeruginosa infection before regular treatment to aggressive antimicrobial treatment.In this a 10 year survival of 90%.8 Pulmonary function article we summarise the key features of the can now be maintained in most patients.8In current approach at the cystic fibrosis centre in patients whose condition is unstable prolonged Copenhagen, which manages 239 of the 291 courses, shortened intervals, and oral Danish patients with cystic fibrosis and all five of fluoroquinolone treatment between courses are the patients from the Faroe Islands.
Infective Sarcomata in Dogs
Authors: G. B. Smith, J. W. Washbourn
Journal: BMJ (1898)

olemic, the fact that I am in the position of locally depreciating what may to some extent be.regarded as a commercial article is extremely distasteful to me.At the same time, I should be the last to fail to appreciate that M. Calmette's pro- duction of antitoxin is the outcome of pure enthusiasm for science and humanity.The tiresomeness, expense, and great patience required to produce a serum of any considerable antitoxic power against snake venom I know from personal experience, and I can only congratulate M. Calmette on having shown that it was possible to do this, and on having gained some measure of success.I doubt not that he will soon succeed in procuring a serum possessed of greater po- tency, and I assure him that I shall be delighted to hear of his success, and to do what may be in my power to encourage its use in Australia.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D genotype and renal ACE gene expression
Authors: Sonoo Mizuiri, Hiromichi Hemmi, Haruko Kumanomidou, Masateru Iwamoto, Moriatsu Miyagi, Ken Sakai, Atsushi Aikawa, Takehiro Ohara, Kanae Yamada, Hiroyuki Shimatake, Akira Hasegawa
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Graft and systemic disease in long-term survivors of liver transplantation
Authors: G. I. Slapak, R. Saxena, B. Portmann, E. Gane, J. Devlin, R. Calne, R. Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In this clinicopathological study, we have examined the prevalence of biochemical and histological graft abnormalities in 116 patients who have lived for longer than five years since orthotopic liver transplantation (mean, 8.4 years [range, 5.2-19.5 years]). In each patient, the protocol biopsy was carried out in addition to full clinical, biochemical, and immunological evaluation. The renal function was preserved in most patients (mean creatinine, 86 micromol/L [0.95 mg%]) with only 35% showing any degree of impairment, and only one patient with pretransplant renal failure required dialysis. Forty one (35%) of the patients had normal biochemical liver function tests (LFTs); 19 of these patients had histologic abnormalities. Of the remaining 75 patients with abnormal LFTs, 65 were found to have histological abnormalities on liver biopsy. Some of the 84 patients with an abnormal histology had more than one finding but were placed into 6 categories according to the main change as follows: chronic hepatitis in 27; primary biliary cirrhosis-like changes in 8; cholangitis in 15; structural anomalies in 26; chronic rejection in 2; mild acute cellular rejection in 1; and miscellaneous in 5. The recurrence of B, C, or autoimmune hepatitis accounted for 14 cases of chronic hepatitis, whereas, in 13 cases, no cause could be detected. The latter cases included 8 patients who had liver transplants for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), leaving suboptimally treated rejection or disease recurrence as possible causes. Characteristic histological features of PBC were observed in 8 additional cases that had liver transplantations for this disease. Of the 26 cases with structural anomalies, various types of occlusive vasculopathy were detected during pre- or posttransplantation in 12 cases. All but one of these were maintained on azathioprine, the only possible etiological factor in the 14 other cases, 5 of whom showed stabilization or clinical and histological improvement following withdrawal of the drug. De-novo malignancy was seen in 3.4% of cases, causing mortality in only one patient to date. This study demonstrates an unexpectedly high prevalence of histological abnormalities that is found often in the presence of normal biochemical liver-function in liver grafts of long-term survivors. Although graft loss at this time is rare, protocol liver biopsies at 5 years, and thereafter at 2-year intervals, may allow for earlier beneficial therapeutic intervention.
George and Sam
Authors: Michael Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Having seen a newspaper excerpt from Charlotte Moore's account of her autistic sons, some parents wrote to complain that she had neglected the “grittier realities” of life as a single parent caring for children with autism. In fact, the book reveals a household smeared with excrement, olive oil, and ketchup, and details all manner of bizarre behaviours. What seems to have rankled is that Moore describes her family in a positive and often humorous way, and that she does not seem to feel sorry for herself.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating methotrexate treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors: Karynne O. Duncan, Suguru Imaeda, Leonard M. Milstone
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)

Low-dose methotrexate is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and in psoriasis and other cutaneous diseases. 1 Dicken CH. Treatment of classic pityriasis rubra pilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994; 31: 997-999 Abstract PubMed Scopus (95) Google Scholar , 2 Knowles WR Chernosky ME. Pityriasis rubra pilaris. Arch Dermatol. 1970; 102: 603-612 Crossref PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar The complication rate is low, with the benefits of its use far outweighing the risks. 3 Goodman TA Polisson RP. Methotrexate: adverse reactions and major toxicities. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1994; 20: 513-529 PubMed Google Scholar However, there have been a number of opportunistic infections associated with the increasing use of methotrexate for chronic inflammatory conditions. 4 Lemense GP Sahn SA. Opportunistic infection during treatment with low dose methotrexate. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150: 258-260 Crossref PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a man treated with methotrexate for pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). We also review the other reported cases of P. carinii pneumonia associated with low-dose methotrexate therapy.
AN APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING AND HOLDING THE HEAD AND SHOULDERS IN CEREBELLAR AND HIGH SPINAL OPERATIONS
Authors: HOMER B. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

then if the rhinologisl thinks there is plenty of room the operation should not be undertaken.It is important that as much mucous Burface should remain in the nose ¡is possible.Dr. M. H. Fletcher, »Cincinnati: In my ow.ind there is ¡i question as to the solidity of the tissues when pressure ,.ia put on them.A suture, particularly of the skull, is par¬ ticularly strong in its indentation.Is it always sine that division will occur in the suture between those two bones and divide in the nose Y Have any of von had any experi¬ ence in having separation at any other place than where you desired?It is impossible for us to see the thickness of the
Are the media running elderly drivers off the road?
Authors: Alan Martin, Lucy Balding, Desmond O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2005)

D rivers over the age of 65 are the safest drivers of any age group. Even the commonly cited statistic of a higher risk of crash per kilometre among this group has been shown to be an artefact: low mileage is intrinsically risky, and studies show that when this is controlled for the older drivers perform as well as, if not better than, younger drivers ( Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 2002;5: 271-4). Despite this evidence many European governments have enacted restrictive legislation directed at them.

The negative perception extends to the American Medical Association's 2003 guideline Assessing Fitness to Drive in Older People . Although the guideline is clinically useful, its preface still emphasises …
A NOTE ON THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: J. H. ETHERIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The improvement in the condition of several cases of uterine cancer under the treatment herein described seems to me worthy of record. The idea of curing cancer by means of remedial agents has never found lodgment in my mind. Many patients have inoperable cancers; many others can not pay for the surgical operations in vogue for cancer today, and remain at home and suffer horribly till death comes to them as a welcome visitor. To such people, the treatment by the carbid of calcium will be a blessing. In two cases, the first ones treated by this agent, there was such a complete abolition of the trilogy of symptoms so characteristic of uterine cancer, viz.: discharge, odor and hemorrhage, one could easily be tempted to call them cures, did I not feel that I ought to wait at least two years for a possible return
A new strategy for the assessment of viable myocardium and regional myocardial blood flow using 15O-water and dynamic positron emission tomography.
Authors: Y Yamamoto, R de Silva, C G Rhodes, L I Araujo, H Iida, E Rechavia, P Nihoyannopoulos, D Hackett, A R Galassi, C J Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND We have developed a new measure of myocardial viability, the water-perfusable tissue index (PTI), which is calculated from transmission, C15O, and H2(15)O positron emission tomography (PET) data sets. It is defined as the proportion of the total anatomical tissue within a given region of interest (ROI) that is capable of rapidly exchanging water and has units g (perfusable tissue)/g (total anatomical tissue). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of PTI in predicting improvement in regional wall motion after successful thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to measure the myocardial blood flow to the perfusable tissue (MBFp, ml/min/g [perfusable tissue]). Furthermore, PTI was compared with 18FDG metabolic imaging in patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI). METHODS AND RESULTS PET scans were performed in healthy volunteers (group 1, n = 8), patients with OMI (group 2, n = 15), and in patients who were successfully thrombolysed after an AMI (group 3, n = 11). Systolic wall thickening was measured by two-dimensional echocardiography within 2-4 days of AMI and after 4 months to assess contractile recovery. In the healthy volunteers, MBFp was 0.95 +/- 0.13 ml/min/g (perfusable tissue). PTI in these regions was 1.08 +/- 0.07 g (perfusable tissue)/g (total anatomical tissue), which was consistent with all normal myocardium being perfusable by water. In the OMI group, the ratio of the relative 18FDG activity to the relative MBFp defect (metabolism-flow ratio) was calculated for each asynergic segment. Regions in which the metabolism-flow ratio was greater than or equal to 1.20 were considered reversibly injured, whereas those in which the ratio was less than 1.20 were deemed irreversibly injured. PTI in the former group of regions (n = 9) was 0.75 +/- 0.14 g (perfusable tissue)/g (total anatomical tissue) and was significantly higher than in irreversibly injured regions (n = 6) (0.53 +/- 0.12 g [perfusable tissue]/g [total anatomical tissue], p less than 0.01). Values of MBFp were similar in these segments. Seven of 12 segments in the AMI patients showed improved systolic wall thickening on follow-up. PTI in these recovery segments was 0.88 +/- 0.10 g (perfusable tissue)/g (total anatomical tissue) (p = NS versus control). PTI in the nonrecovery regions was 0.53 +/- 0.11 g (perfusable tissue)/g (total anatomical tissue), which was similar to the segments in group 2 in which 18FDG uptake was absent. MBFp was similar in both the recovery and nonrecovery segments in the subacute phase. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that PTI may be a good prognostic indicator for the recovery of contractile function after successful thrombolysis and show that myocardial viability may be assessed by PET without metabolic imaging.
GPs take funding cuts petition to Downing Street
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of GPs and MPs have handed a petition featuring 20 000 signatures to 10 Downing Street in protest against cuts to general practice funding.

GPs from east London were joined by Rushanara Ali, MP for Bethnal Green and Bow; Jim Fitzpatrick, MP for Poplar and Limehouse; and supporters of the Save Our Surgeries campaign, to protest against changes to the GP funding formula.

In 2013, as part of the agreement on the GP contract in England for 2013-14, the government decided to start phasing out the minimum practice income guarantee (MPIG) over a seven year period from April 2014.1 And earlier this year the BMA announced that NHS England had identified 98 practices that would lose “substantial levels of funding that could place their long term survival in question” as a result of phasing out the MPIG.2

The group’s petition called on the government to “fund general practices fairly, and reverse the effects of your decision to withdraw the …
Difficult Hypertension: Practical Management and Decision Making
Authors: P. F Semple
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Martin J Kendall, Norman M Kaplan, Richard C Horton, Martin Dunitz, pounds sterling49.95, pp 330 ISBN 1 85317 214 6

Comedians and comedy writers often use repetition of a line or phrase to good effect. The recurrent appearance of the editorial interjection in Lord Gnome's famous organ is one such device that continues to entertain readers. Faced with another book on hypertension, one is tempted to borrow the device: “(that's enough hypertension—ed).” There are innumerable publications on …
Book: Refugee Health: An Approach to Emergency Situations
Authors: C Ronald, D Southall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Médecins Sans Frontières Macmillan Education, £5.85, pp384 ISBN 0333722108 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> In armed conflicts that force the populations of villages and towns to hurriedly abandon their homes, children are often the first to suffer the consequences and the least able to endure them. Groups managing such situations must specifically address the traumas suffered by child refugees. Refugee Health provides invaluable information in this respect. The size of this yearly human disaster is staggering. Figures from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) indicate that in 1994there were 23million refugees worldwide. News pictures of feeding … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Abstract 3831: Sodium butyrate induces differential expression of Th17 and inflammatory cytokines during apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells
Authors: Stephanie Pulliam, Roland S. Copper, Samuel Evans Adunyah
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a sodium salt of butyric acid. It is a strong HDAC1 inhibitor, which has been implicated in many studies as a potential therapy for various forms of cancer including prostate cancer. Also, it has been suggested as a potential therapy for hemoglobin disorders including sickle cell diseases and leukemia because of its ability to promote both total globin and gamma globin synthesis during erythroid differentiation. Previously NaB has been shown to active apoptosis in several cancer cell lines including U937 and K562 leukemia cell lines. However, it is not known whether it has the capability to modulate cytokines expression in cancer cells and alter the cancer microenvironment, which was the purpose of this study. We exposed U937 leukemia cells to NaB at 5 mM or 10 mM for 24 or 48 hours, conditions under which NaB is known to induce apoptosis in these cells. The culture media of the cells were harvested and analyzed by Human Multi-Analyte Cytokine ELISArray method and by protein/antibody cytokine arrays for levels of TH17-type and Inflammatory cytokines. We also monitored cells for caspase 3 activation and cell viability as evidence of apoptosis. Our results indicate that NaB induces differential expression of several TH17-type and Inflammatory cytokines from 2 to 10-fold within 24 hours. The ranking order of induction of TH17-type cytokines by NaB was IL-17A&amp;gt;IL-5&amp;gt;IL-4&amp;gt;G-CSF&amp;gt;IL-10&amp;gt;TNF&amp;gt;IL-12&amp;gt;IFNγ while induction of inflammatory cytokines was of the ranking order: IL-1A&amp;gt;IL-8&amp;gt;IL-10. Also within 24 hours, NaB treatment caused at least 2-fold activation of caspase 3 and reduced the cell viability by 60 %. These observations indicate that NaB induces differential expression of both TH17 and Inflammatory cytokines during induction of apoptosis. The data also suggest that while promoting cancer cell death by apoptosis, NaB also has the potential to influence cancer microenvironment by inducing differential expression and secretion of cytokines. Such an effect could influence the biology of both the normal and cancer cells and could alter the status of the patient who is receiving NaB therapy. Further studies are in progress to determine whether NaB has similar effects in human monocytes. Supported by NCI U54 cancer grants # 5 U54 CA091408-09. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3831.
Statistics in Medicine: Calculating confidence intervals for some non-parametric analyses
Authors: M. J Campbell, M. J Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Gardner and Altman1 described the rationale behind the use of confidence intervals and gave methods for their calculation for a population mean and for differences between two population means for paired and unpaired samples. These methods are based on sample means, standard errors, and the t distribution and should strictly be used only for continuous data from Normal distributions (although small deviations from Normality are not important2). For non-Normal continuous data the median of the population or the sample is preferable to the mean as a measure of location. Medians are also appropriate in other situations?for example, when measurements are on an ordinal scale. This paper describes methods of calculating confidence intervals for a population median or for other population quantiles from a sample of observations. Calculations of confidence intervals for the difference between two population medians or means (a non-parametric approach rather than the parametric approach mentioned above) for both unpaired and paired samples are described. Worked examples are given for each situation. Because of the discrete nature of some of the sampling distribu? tions involved in non-parametric analyses it is not usually possible to calculate confidence intervals with exactly the desired level of confidence. Hence, if a 95% confidence interval is wanted the choice is between the lowest possible level of confidence over 95% (a  interval) and the highest possible under 95%. There is no firm policy on which of these is preferred, but we will mainly describe conservative intervals in this paper. The exact level of confidence associated with any particular approximate level can be calculated from the distribution of the statistic being used. The methods outlined for obtaining confidence intervals are described in more detail in textbooks on non-parametric statistics.3 The calculations can be carried out using the statistical computer package MINITAB.4 A method for calculating confidence intervals for Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is given in an accom? panying paper.5 A confidence interval indicates the precision of the sample statistic as an estimate of the overall population value. Confidence intervals convey the effects of sampling variation but cannot control for non-sampling errors in study design or conduct. They should not be used for basic description of the sample data but only for indicating the uncertainty in sample estimates for population values of medians or other statistics.
A STUDY OF BODY TEMPERATURE IN PARALYTIC DEMENTIA
Authors: A. B. Coleburn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1910)

intervals, with specimens of temperature of some of the subjects of this study.Professor Benedict states that of the large number of temperature curves he has since obtained practically all follow the same variations as those quoted (6).While mental work has less effect on the body temperature than muscular, Mosso (7) and others have maintained that intense psychical processes may set free so much heat in the brain that its temperature may rise .20 to .4#{176} C. (.36#{176} to .72#{176}F.). Pembrey (8) regards this local rise of temperature as due to vascular changes rather than to mere active combustion in the ganglion 1910]