tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Better a commitment to health and research than to missiles.
Authors: C Booth
Journal: BMJ (1986)

I wish first to thank the association for the honour that you do to me, and to the Medical Research Council whom I serve, in electing me as your president during the forthcoming year. Honour may be, as John Dryden put it,  empty bubble. Pleasure, however, is something else and it is for me a particular pleasure to be elected as your president on this occasion for we are meeting in Yorkshire, the loveliest of English counties. There are Yorkshiremen, like Texans, who boast about the size of their county, claiming proudly that the three ridings contain more acres than there are letters in the Bible. Some are even prepared to include the Apocrypha, but since Yorkshire in fact contains 3 897 940 acres and the Bible has only 3 566 480 letters it seems likely that the county could accommodate the Apocrypha quite comfortably. Yorkshiremen are also intensely loyal to their areas of natural beauty and you are wise not to question the enchantment of the countryside of the Yorkshire Dales or of the moors to the north of here. If you do you are impugning Holy Writ. This association has always been interested not only in promoting the highest standards of medical practice but also in encouraging research. When Sir Charles Hastings gave his Worcester address on the occasion of the founding in 1832 of our predecessor body, the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, he clearly envisaged that the association would be destined to exercise no inconsider? able influence on the future progress of medical science. He himself had gained a reputation for his research on the functions of nerves and on blood vessels and inflammation. The provincial practitioners ofthat era also had before them the shining example of that country practitioner, Edward Jenner, whose work of course in the late eighteenth century led to the total eradication of smallpox nearly two hundred years later. In our own time Pickles's research work in Wensleydale has been an example of what the dedicated and
Dispensing versus Prescribing.
Authors: Elisha Sears Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Princeton, Mass., Dec. 11, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A judgment made according to the merit of the argument in Dr. Fussell's article, "Dispensing versus Prescribing," inThe Journal, Dec. 1, 1906, would certainly maintain that prescribing is more advantageous than dispensing, both to the patient and the physician. If we allow that his statement purports the fact, we immediately claim that the grade of work done by the country physician is inferior to that done by the city physician. Dr. Fussell says: "I can see no way at present for the country doctor to work except by dispensing." Be it true or not that the average medical man in the city is superior to the professional man of the outlying districts, i is indeed not necessary that there should be any difference in progress between two equally ambitious persons. To counterbalance hospital opportunity, the man in the country continually faces
THE STUDY OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: HENRY M. BRACKEN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

My views upon the subject were given under this title in the<i>New York Medical Journal</i>, May 2, 1896. Some points set forth will be emphasized in this paper. The object of study is twofold: first, to train the mind; second, to give the student knowledge that he can make practical use of. In this age of utilitarianism, the first object is often lost sight of. Teachers of medicine and surgery may even speak of the study of materia medica as useless. Their opinion is based upon the fact that the older one is in the practice of his profession the smaller will be his list of therapeutic agents. They argue that a student will pick up the necessary knowledge relating to important drugs, in connection with his clinical studies. This is certainly a mistake. The best therapeutists are men who are thinkers, not machines. The practitioner who uses a therapeutic
Progressive melanosis of the skin
Authors: F. Ray Bettley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Progressive melanosis of the skin Get access F. Ray Bettley F. Ray Bettley Friary House, St Michael's Road, Winchester SO23 9JE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 3, 1 March 1980, Page 366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb08159.x Published: 01 March 1980
Empyema thoracis is still increasing in UK children
Authors: David A Spencer, Shaikh Mohammed Iqbal, Asif Hasan, Leslie Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—An increase in empyema thoracis complicating pneumonia in children was reported from the West Midlands in 19971 and has since been confirmed in several other centres in the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America. Most culture positive cases in the United States are related to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1.2 This is also the most common causative organism in the UK where most cases are culture negative as shown by using pneumococcal polymerase chain reaction and …
Sharing Unexpected Biomarker Results with Study Participants
Authors: Ann D. Hernick, M. Kathryn Brown, Susan M. Pinney, Frank M. Biro, Kathleen M. Ball, Robert L. Bornschein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers (BCERCs) include collaborators from basic sciences, epidemiology, and the community, conducting studies to investigate whether environmental exposures are associated with the timing of puberty. A pilot study of a subset of the study participants assessed the feasibility of measuring selected biomarkers of exposure in blood and urine in girls 6-8 years of age. In the Greater Cincinnati study population, we found an elevated serum concentration of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) among > 90% of young girls living in a small community.The research team deliberated whether and how to report the PFOA findings to our study families. We will address the issues considered in our decision, as well as the formats we used to present the findings.The results were verified as we searched for potential sources of the elevated PFOA levels. As a research team, we grappled with issues regarding the reporting of unexpected results, derived from unknown sources and with unknown clinical significance. Ultimately, we did decide to present these findings to the study families through a well-developed communication plan.Research team members came from a variety of experiences and backgrounds, which led to different interpretations about the clinical, ethical, and public health issues surrounding these findings. The ethical debates centered around the precautionary principle, the right to know, and do no harm.Given advances in environmental biomarker technologies and greater use of the transdisciplinary research model, a communication plan must be developed for those involved as study participants.
CD: The Human Face of Medicine
Authors: J. A R Willis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Peter Toon, Trisha Greenhalgh, Marcia Rigby, Geoff Wong, Will Coppola, Moira Sarsfield BMJ Publishing Group, personal rate £75 per CD (+ VAT), institutional rate £100 per CD (+ VAT) 2 CD Roms in the APOLLO (Advancing Professional Practice Through Online Learning Opportunities) series Further details, including free sample, at http://www.apollobmj.com/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Synthesis between art and science is much needed in medicine. The successful use of the CD Rom—a high tech medium—to present the medical humanities is symbolic of that synthesis. The authors are to be congratulated on a major achievement. This course offers the potential for significant … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Culture and clinical care. Folk illness beliefs and behaviors and their implications for health care delivery
Authors: L. M. Pachter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This article presents an approach to the evaluation of patient-held beliefs and behaviors that may not be concordant with those of biomedicine. Physicians and patients often hold discrepant models of health and illness that may affect the effectiveness of communication during the clinical visit. An extreme example of such a discrepancy exists when the patient feels that he or she has an illness that is not defined within the biomedical paradigm. These are commonly referred to as folk illnesses. An example of such an illness is provided in order to discuss the effects of folk beliefs on patient-held perceptions of health and sickness, treatment-seeking behavior, clinical care, and physician-patient communication. Guidelines for addressing clinical issues surrounding folk beliefs and behaviors in a culturally sensitive way are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:690-694)
URINARY RETENTION IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Howard M. Seidner
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In view of the large accumulation of literature concerning the upper part of the urinary tract during pregnancy, the little attention paid to the bladder under the same conditions seems remarkable. It is well known at about the fourth month of pregnancy ureteral dilatation begins, a condition of atonia that expresses itself as a relaxation of the smooth musculature of the ureters.<sup>1</sup>This dilatation is demonstrable by pyelography and includes the renal pelves. It is probably caused by the increased elaboration of progesterone at the beginning of the second trimester as the placenta takes over the functions of the corpus luteum. At this time the bladder undergoes changes in keeping with those in the upper part of the urinary tract. With the hyperemia affecting all the pelvic organs, plus a definite hyperplasia of muscular and connective tissue elements, there is an elevation of the trigone and a thickening of
Drug points: Erythromycin deafness and cimetidine treatment
Authors: N Mogford, A Pallett, C George
Journal: BMJ (1994)

GARTMANN (Swiss Drug Monitoring Centre, write: We describe five cases of arthralgia associated with ome- prazole.In all cases the patients were treated with 20-40 mg omeprazole daily.A 27 year old woman was given omeprazole for a duodenal ulcer that was unresponsive to ranitidine.After 10 days she developed swelling of her fingers, knees, and ankles, with pruritus and erythema over the metacarpal joints.Treatment was stopped and symptoms disappeared within 10 days.
Target to reduce child mortality is under threat from lack of progress on diarrhoea
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Two million children die every year from diarrhoea, the World Health Organization says, and more research is urgently needed to determine why mortality remains so high.

Despite the fact that diarrhoea continues to cause almost 20% of deaths among children worldwide, the amount of research into the disease has been steadily falling since the 1980s, says WHO. If childhood diarrhoea is not tackled urgently, the world will fail to achieve the United Nations’ fourth millennium development goal of reducing the number …
Combining PCI-24781, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, with Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Gonzalo Lopez, Juehui Liu, Wenhong Ren, Wei Wei, Suizhao Wang, Guy Lahat, Quan-Sheng Zhu, William G. Bornmann, David J. McConkey, Raphael E. Pollock, Dina C. Lev
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Histone deactylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a promising new class of anticancer therapeutics; however, little is known about HDACi activity in soft tissue sarcoma (STS), a heterogeneous cohort of mesenchymal origin malignancies. Consequently, we investigated the novel HDACi PCI-24781, alone/in combination with conventional chemotherapy, to determine its potential anti-STS-related effects and the underlying mechanisms involved.Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the effects of PCI-24781 on histone and nonhistone protein acetylation and expression of potential downstream targets. Cell culture-based assays were utilized to assess the effects of PCI-24781 on STS cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays helped elucidate molecular mechanisms resulting in PCI-24781-induced Rad51 repression. The effect of PCI-24781, alone or with chemotherapy, on tumor and metastatic growth was tested in vivo using human STS xenograft models.PCI-24781 exhibited significant anti-STS proliferative activity in vitro, inducing S phase depletion, G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, and increasing apoptosis. Superior effects were seen when combined with chemotherapy. A PCI-24781-induced reduction in Rad51, a major mediator of DNA double-strand break homologous recombination repair, was shown and may be a mechanism underlying PCI-24781 chemosensitization. We showed that PCI-24781 transcriptionally represses Rad51 through an E2F binding-site on the Rad51 proximal promoter. Although single-agent PCI-24781 had modest effects on STS growth and metastasis, marked inhibition was observed when combined with chemotherapy.In light of these findings, this novel molecular-based combination may be applicable to multiple STS histologic subtypes, and potentially merits rigorous evaluation in human STS clinical trials.
Nonredundant Roles of Sema4A in the Immune System: Defective T Cell Priming and Th1/Th2 Regulation in Sema4A-Deficient Mice
Authors: Atsushi Kumanogoh, Takashi Shikina, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Satoshi Uematsu, Kazunori Yukawa, Shin-Ichiro Kashiwamura, Hiroko Tsutsui, Midori Yamamoto, Hyota Takamatsu, Elizabeth P. Ko-Mitamura, Noriko Takegahara, Satoko Marukawa, Isao Ishida, Hiroshi Morishita, Durbaka V.R. Prasad, Manabu Tamura, Masayuki Mizui, Toshihiko Toyofuku, Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda, Masaru Okabe, Hitoshi Kikutani
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Severe, Acute Liver Injury and Khat Leaves
Authors: Michael H. Chapman, Mikio Kajihara, Gina Borges, James O'Beirne, David Patch, Amar P. Dhillon, Alan Crozier, Marsha Y. Morgan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: The chewing of khat leaves (Catha edulis) is a widespread recreational custom in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The plant contains the alkaloids cathine and cathinone, which have amphetamine-like properties and produce a variety of pleasurable effects. Khat is banned in the United States, but large quantities are nonetheless exported to North America from the United Kingdom, where it is freely available and used widely by immigrant populations. The detrimental personal and social effects of khat are well recognized.1 Both psychiatric illness2 and cardiovascular disease3 have been recorded. We report the results of our . . .
A Meta-analysis of Methods to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism Following Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, Theodore Speroff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —While several methods of prophylaxis have been shown to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement, the safest and most effective agent is unclear. To clarify this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of the randomized trials of methods used to prevent venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. <h3>Data Source.</h3> —English-language human studies articles from 1966 through 1993 were obtained from a MEDLINE database search with indexing terms including<i>thromboembolism, hip replacement</i>or<i>hip prosthesis</i>, and<i>randomized controlled trials</i>. Additional references were obtained from study bibliographies. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —The following criteria were used to select studies for inclusion: study design—randomized clinical trial; study population—patients undergoing elective total hip replacement; interventions—aspirin, warfarin, dextran, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, compression stockings; and outcomes— venous thromboembolism, major hemorrhage. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Methodological and descriptive data from each study were abstracted by one author who was blinded to quantitative outcomes data. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Ninety-one treatment groups and 25 control groups were identified from 56 trials. Four treatment groups were excluded because of rarely used combinations. Trial populations were clinically homogeneous. When compared with the control arm, all treatments except aspirin reduced the risk of all deep venous thromboses (risk differences range, 0.18 to 0.31; all<i>P</i>values &lt;.05). All treatments except aspirin reduced the risk of proximal venous thrombosis (risk differences range, 0.09 to 0.18; all<i>P</i>values &lt;.05). Only low-molecular-weight heparin and stockings reduced the risk of pulmonary embolism, both with risk differences equal to 0.02. The crude risks of clinically important bleeding as defined by the individual trials were 0% for stockings, 0.3% for controls, and 1.8% for low-molecular-weight heparin. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results suggest that low-molecular-weight heparin and compression stockings have the greatest relative efficacy in preventing venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. Low-molecular-weight heparin may be more effective, though at a small risk of clinically important bleeding. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1780-1785)
Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill patients.
Authors: C A Manthous, J B Hall, D Olson, M Singh, W Chatila, A Pohlman, R Kushner, G A Schmidt, L D Wood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Hyperthermic critically ill patients are commonly cooled to reduce their oxygen consumption (VO2). However, no previous studies in febrile humans have measured VO2 during cooling. We cooled 12 febrile, critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients while measuring VO2 and CO2 production (VCO2) by analysis of inspired and expired gases. All patients were mechanically ventilated for hypoxemic, hypercapneic, or shock-related respiratory failure and had a mean APACHE II score of 22.4 +/- 7.7. As temperature was reduced from 39.4 +/- 0.8 to 37.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, VO2 decreased from 359.0 +/- 65.0 to 295.1 +/- 57.3 ml/min (p < 0.01) and VCO2 decreased from 303.6 +/- 43.6 to 243.5 +/- 37.3 ml/min (p < 0.01). The respiratory quotient (RQ) did not change significantly, and calculated energy expenditure decreased from 2,481 +/- 426 to 1,990 +/- 33 kcal/day (p < 0.01). In 7 patients with right heart catheters, cardiac output decreased from 8.4 +/- 3.2 to 6.5 +/- 1.8 L/min (p < 0.01) as the oxygen extraction fraction also tended to decrease from a mean of 28.2 +/- 6.8 to 23.4 +/- 4.7% (p = 0.12) during cooling. Accordingly, cooling the febrile patient unloads the cardiorespiratory system and, in situations of limited oxygen delivery or hypoxemic respiratory failure, may thus facilitate resuscitation and minimize the potential for hypoxic tissue injury.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Chronic Gouty Arthropathy
Authors: Mori Schwartzberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

AN AXIOM of rheumatology holds that gout and rheumatoid arthritis rarely occur together. Indeed, only three histologically confirmed cases of such an association have been reported in America.<sup>1-3</sup>Our case history documents both chronic tophaceous gouty arthropathy and classical rheumatoid arthritis in the same patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old man was referred to the Arthritis Center in September 1976 for evaluation of his chronic polyarthritis. He had noted the gradual onset of arthritic symptoms in 1961 when pain, swelling, and stiffness developed in both ankles. This was followed by intermittent similar involvement of his right knee and both wrists. From 1965 to 1976, chronic symmetrical arthritis gradually developed, with progressive deformities of his right ankle and both wrists. This was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis. Chrysotherapy was begun in 1971. There had been no symptoms suggestive of podagra or of acute arthritis involving any other joints. During the
Fetal Deaths and Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites in Washington State
Authors: Beth A. Mueller, Carrie M. Kuehn, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Kay M. Tomashek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The in utero period is one of increased susceptibility to environmental effects. The effects of prenatal exposure to environmental toxicants on various adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal death, are not well understood.We examined the risk of fetal death in relation to maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites.We conducted a population-based case-control study using Washington State vital records for 1987-2001. Cases were women with fetal deaths at > or = 20 weeks (n = 7,054). Ten controls per case were randomly selected from live births. Locations of 939 hazardous waste sites were identified from the Department of Ecology registry. We measured distance from maternal residence at delivery to the nearest hazardous waste site, and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).The risk of fetal death for women residing < or = 0.5 miles, relative to > 5 miles, from a hazardous waste site was not increased (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25). No associations were observed for any proximity categories < or = 5 miles from sites with contaminated air, soil, water, solvents, or metals; however, fetal death risk increased among women residing < or = 1 mile from pesticide-containing sites (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.46).These results do not suggest that fetal death is associated with residential proximity to hazardous waste sites overall; however, close proximity to pesticide-containing sites may increase the risk of fetal death.
Chronic cutaneous cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: T.H. Cachafeiro, G.F. Escobar, L. Bakos, R.M. Bakos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Chronic cutaneous cytomegalovirus infection in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome Get access T.H. Cachafeiro, T.H. Cachafeiro Department of Dermatology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS 90035‐903 Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.F. Escobar, G.F. Escobar Department of Dermatology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS 90035‐903 Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Bakos, L. Bakos Department of Dermatology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS 90035‐903 Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.M. Bakos R.M. Bakos Department of Dermatology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS 90035‐903 Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 1, 1 January 2014, Pages 223–225, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12616 Published: 01 January 2014