tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes, cost and long term survival of patients referred to a regional weaning centre
Authors: David V Pilcher, Michael John Bailey, D F Treacher, S Hamid, Alan J Williams, A C Davidson
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Regional weaning centres provide cost effective care for patients who have undergone prolonged mechanical ventilation. There are few published European data on outcomes in these patients. <b>Methods:</b> Patients admitted for weaning to the Lane Fox Respiratory Unit (LFU) between January 1997 and December 2000 were identified. The proportion weaned from mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality, and subsequent survival after discharge were examined. <b>Results:</b> A total of 153 patients had been ventilated for a median of 26 days before transfer. The daily cost per patient stay was €1350. Fifty eight patients (38%) were fully weaned, 42 (27%) died, and 53 (35%) required ventilatory support at discharge from hospital of whom 36 (24%) required only nocturnal ventilation. Univariate analysis showed increasing age (OR 1.06, p&lt;0.001), length of ICU stay (OR 1.02, p = 0.001), APACHE II predicted risk of death score (OR 1.02, p = 0.05), and a surgical cause for admission (OR 4.04) were associated with mortality. Neuromuscular/chest wall conditions were associated with low mortality (OR 0.36) but low likelihood of weaning from ventilation (OR 0.28). Female sex (OR 2.13, p = 0.03) and COPD (OR 2.81) were associated with successful weaning. Overall survival at 3 years from admission was 47%. Long term survival was lowest in patients with COPD. <b>Conclusions:</b> Most patients survived to leave hospital, the majority having been liberated from ventilatory support. Survivors were younger and spent less time ventilated in the referring ICU. The underlying diagnosis determined success of weaning, hospital survival, and long term outcome.
Cross-linking of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 induces death of activated T cells
Authors: Shu-Ching Chen, Chiu-Chen Huang, Chung-Liang Chien, Chung-Jiuan Jeng, Ho-Ting Su, Evelyn Chiang, Meng-Ru Liu, C. H. Herbert Wu, Chung-Nan Chang, Rong-Hwa Lin
Journal: Blood (2004)
Mimetic Features of Rheumatic-Fever Recurrences
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein, Mario Spagnuolo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

UNLIKE certain other common diseases of childhood, rheumatic fever leaves no known immunity and seems to create an increased susceptibility to recurrent attacks. The effects of these recurrent attacks have been unpredictable. Previous studies1 2 3 4 5 6 7 have demonstrated that many patients whose only initial major manifestation of the disease was arthritis or chorea or both had new attacks that resembled the previous ones and did not affect the heart. Although this repetitive pattern predominated, it was not universal. Other patients seemed to escape heart disease with their first episode but acquired evidence of it at later attacks. In another group, heart disease . . .
Thrombus embolization as a cause of acute myocardial infarction: its frequency and implication of treatment
Authors: Katsuaki Asano, Hiroshi Ito, Shigeo Kawano, Katsuomi Iwakura, Akinobu Katoh, Masashi Ikushima, Koji Tanaka, Yoshiaki Inoue, Tadashi Kuroda, Atsunori Okamura, Kenshi Fujii
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
P458 VALIDATION OF EncephalApp_stroop FOR MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY SCREENING: A MULTI-CENTER US STUDY
Authors: S. Allampati, A. Duarte-Rojo, L. Thacker, M. White, N. Noble, A. Unser, R.S. O'Shea, C.R. Flud, J.S. Klair, J.S. Bajaj
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Mithramycin selectively inhibits collagen-alpha 1(I) gene expression in human fibroblast.
Authors: M C Nehls, D A Brenner, H J Gruss, H Dierbach, R Mertelsmann, F Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The products of the collagen-alpha 1(I) and -alpha 2(I) genes form the triple helical molecule collagen type I, which constitutes the major ECM protein in tissue fibrosis. The collagen-alpha 1(I) gene is mainly transcriptionally regulated, and its promoter activity depends on the interaction of the transcription factors NF-I and Sp1 with a tandem repeat of evolutionary conserved NF-I/Sp1 switch elements. An increased affinity of Sp1 to these elements has been observed in experimental liver fibrosis. Here, we demonstrate that the DNA binding drug mithramycin displays a high affinity binding to the GC-rich elements in the collagen-alpha 1(I) promoter as measured by DNAse I protection and gel retardation assays. Mithramycin interferes with Sp1 but not with NF-I binding to these sites. At a concentration of 100 nM, mithramycin efficiently reduces basal and TGF-beta-stimulated alpha 1(I) gene expression in human primary fibroblasts. The transcriptional activity and mRNA steady state levels of other genes, including the collagenase gene, as well as the growth rate of fibroblasts remained unchanged on exposure to this drug. Taken together, our results indicate that the transcriptional activity of the type I collagen gene highly depends on its GC-rich regulatory elements, and further, that these elements can be differentially blocked, thereby changing the balance between ECM structural and degrading gene activities in human fibroblasts.
Gold nanoparticle–DNA aptamer composites as a universal carrier for in vivo delivery of biologically functional proteins
Authors: Sang-Mi Ryou, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Hyo Jung Kang, Miae Won, Jin-Sik Kim, Boeun Lee, Maeng-Je Seong, Nam-Chul Ha, Jeehyeon Bae, Kangseok Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
A piece of my mind. Baptism
Authors: C. M. Callahan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P87 Evidence-based emergency oxygen guidelines are not being followed in the emergency department
Authors: S. M. Wallace, L. E. Doy, E. N. Kedgley, W. M. Ricketts
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> The first Emergency Oxygen Guidelines were published by the BTS in October 20081 and were endorsed by 21 professional bodies, including the College of Emergency Medicine. The 2009 BTS audit2 showed improvement in the use of target saturations in the inpatient setting. We are concerned that uptake has been less impressive in the emergency department (ED). <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective cohort study was performed in a London Hospital of patients aged 16–70 attending the ED. Three time periods were chosen; immediately prior to and after guideline publication (1/7/08–30/9/08 and 1/11/08–31/1/09, respectively) and 18 months after publication (1/4/10–30/6/10). Oxygen use was reviewed for all patients attending the ED with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or with a known diagnosis of COPD. Patients requiring emergency intubation or on home long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) were excluded. Patients with known COPD with a diagnosis of ACS/stroke/TIA on that attendance were included in ACS/stroke/TIA category to avoid double counting. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 253 individual attendances were reviewed. Initial observations of 58 (23%) patients were performed on oxygen. Abstract P87 Table 1 summarises the use of oxygen in the groups studied. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Oxygen is frequently used inappropriately in the ED and there has been no improvement since the guideline publication. Excess use of oxygen is the most common reason for not following the guidelines. This is consistent with historical practice in the ACS/stroke/TIA group, although there appears to be a non-significant (p=0.09) trend towards improvement. One third of COPD patients also inappropriately received excess oxygen. Many patients have their first recorded saturations performed on oxygen which may suggest that guideline adherence within the ambulance service is also sub-optimal. Uptake of the guidelines has not been as good as in the inpatient setting. This may be due to lack of awareness outside the medical specialities. This trust currently has no oxygen champion, and this appointment should improve the situation, as would a programme of education within the ED, which we intend to instigate.
Alcohol and heart disease: the implications of the U-shaped curve.
Authors: J Kemm
Journal: BMJ (1993)

surgery.When operation is imperative, splenorrhaphy, partial splenectomy, or heterotopic autotransplantation should be considered.'7Autotransplantation may lead to the return of functioning splenic tissue and provide some protection against subsequent overwhelming infection.'8Animal studies have shown, however, that the immune function of autotransplanted tissue is inferior to that of normal splenic tissue.'9Vaccination and prophylaxis with antibiotics are still required after autotransplantation.The absence of a spleen leads to impaired resistance to bloodborne protozoal infection.Malaria and babesiosis (infections transmitted by ticks) have a high mortality in people without spleens.20Such people should therefore avoid areas where malaria is endemic and those who work with animals should be aware of the dangers of tick bites.
Arthritis of Leukemia.
Authors: Isaias Spilberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Arthritis of Leukemia.Isaias Spilberg, M.D., Gerd J. Mayer, M.D.Isaias Spilberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gerd J. Mayer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-882 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPolyarthritis may occur in acute leukemia. Knowledge of its occurrence in chronic leukemia and prevalence studies are lacking. The frequency and characteristics of arthritis in a group of adult patients with leukemia are described. Arthritis related to leukemia was seen in 10 of 72 consecutive patients seen primarily for leukemia, two of 12 acute and eight of 62 chronic. An additional two patients had gout; two had rheumatoid arthritis; and nine, degenerative joint disease. Analysis of these 10 patients plus 18 additional ones known to have leukemic arthritis showed the following characteristics. The arthritis of acute leukemia was usually asymmetrical,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Mo. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 882-882KeywordsArthritisDegenerative joint diseaseGoutRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prognosis in Severe Angina Pectoris with Medical Versus Surgical Therapy.
Authors: Henry I. Russek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Prognosis in Severe Angina Pectoris with Medical Versus Surgical Therapy.Henry I. Russek, M.D., F.A.C.P., Burton L. Zohman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Henry I. Russek, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Burton L. Zohman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-781_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe response of 100 patients with severe angina pectoris under long-term treatment with propranolol and isosorbide dinitrate has been determined by controlled objective evaluation and compared with the results obtained in 86 comparable patients treated surgically by means of double arterial implants. Both series were similar with regard to severity of angina, prevalence of previous myocardial infarction, and angiographic observations. A higher prevalence of seriously ill patients was present in the medically treated group. The dosage of propranolol was 20 to 100 mg, orally, t.i.d. before meals, and that of isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg sublingually t.i.d. after meals. During 2... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 781-781KeywordsAnginaMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Resistance and Escape From Antiangiogenesis Therapy: Clinical Implications and Future Strategies
Authors: Justin N. Bottsford-Miller, Robert L. Coleman, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Angiogenesis has long been considered an important target for cancer therapy. Initial efforts have primarily focused on targeting of endothelial and tumor-derived vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. As evidence emerges that angiogenesis has significant mechanistic complexity, therapeutic resistance and escape have become practical limitations to drug development. Here, we review the mechanisms by which dynamic changes occur in the tumor microenvironment in response to antiangiogenic therapy, leading to drug resistance. These mechanisms include direct selection of clonal cell populations with the capacity to rapidly upregulate alternative proangiogenic pathways, increased invasive capacity, and intrinsic resistance to hypoxia. The implications of normalization of vasculature with subsequently improved vascular function as a result of antiangiogenic therapy are explored, as are the implications of the ability to incorporate and co-opt otherwise normal vasculature. Finally, we consider the extent to which a better understanding of the biology of hypoxia and reoxygenation, as well as the depth and breadth of systems invested in angiogenesis, may offer putative biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Insights gained through this work may offer solutions for personalizing antiangiogenesis approaches and improving the outcome of patients with cancer.
Sleep-wake processes play a key role in early infant crying
Authors: Oskar G. Jenni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The crying curve across early infancy may reflect the developing interaction between circadian and homeostatic processes of sleep-wake regulation. Excessive crying may be interpreted as a misalignment of the two processes. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, excessive crying may be an honest signal of need, namely, to elicit parental resources to modulate the behavioral state.
Experimental balloon valvuloplasty of fibrotic and calcific mitral valves.
Authors: N Reifart, B Nowak, D Baykut, P Satter, W D Bussmann, M Kaltenbach
Journal: Circulation (1990)

This study evaluated the mechanism of valvular area expansion during single- and double-balloon valvuloplasty in fibrotic and calcific mitral valves. Special interest was focused on the morphological features of the valves treated. Mitral valves that appeared unsuitable for commissurotomy were excised in toto at the time of mitral valve replacement in 15 patients. The excised valves were mounted in a fluid-filled chamber with a window for photographic evaluation. The chamber was perfused continuously to ensure maximal valvular opening. The valve was photographed, and the orifice area was measured before and after balloon expansion. In addition, the specimens were examined macroscopically and radiographically with regard to calcium content and degree and localization of fibrosis. These data were correlated with splitting of commissures and with rupture of leaflets. Nine valves were fibrotic, and six were calcific. Dilatation was performed first with a single-balloon catheter (diameter, 2 cm) and then with a double-balloon catheter (diameter, 2 and 1.5 cm). After dilatation with one balloon, the average mitral valve area increased from 0.79 to 1.09 cm2, and with two balloons, average area increased to 1.59 cm2. The single-balloon technique caused commissural splitting in nine valves, stretching in three, partial leaflet rupture in one, and no change in two. After the double-balloon technique, commissural splitting occurred in 12 valves and three leaflets were ruptured where severe fibrosis and calcification were mainly located within the commissures. As a rule, after dilatation with the single-balloon technique, the remaining stenosis was still severe, and after dilatation with the double-balloon technique, the remaining stenosis was moderate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Energy expenditure estimates of the Caltrac accelerometer for running, race walking, and stepping
Authors: P D Swan, W C Byrnes, E M Haymes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

To examine the accuracy of the Caltrac accelerometer for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during three exercise modes.A subset of 31 women (mean (SEM) age 22.6 (5) years) as selected from a training study comparing various physiological parameters during race walking, running, and stepping. Subjects each performed mode specific graded exercise tests to peak VO2. Regression equations for VO2 v heart rate (HR) were generated from each individual's test data. EE (kcal and kJ) was estimated for each VO2 value based on the respiratory exchange ratio, and kcal v HR regression equations were generated to predict EE from each subject's HR data (EE-HR). HR in the field was monitored by telemetry, and two Caltrac monitors, one set for EE and one to give counts, were attached to a belt over opposite hips.EE-HR was not significantly different across exercise modes. Caltrac overestimated EE (P < 0.01) in runners (14%) and walkers (19%) but underestimated EE in steppers by about 10% (P = 0.12).The Caltrac is a reliable instrument but it did not accurately distinguish EE in running, race walking, or stepping in a group of young women.
Correlation of Trabeculae and Papillary Muscles With Clinical and Cardiac Characteristics and Impact on CMR Measures of LV Anatomy and Function
Authors: Michael L. Chuang, Philimon Gona, Gilion L.T.F. Hautvast, Carol J. Salton, Susan J. Blease, Susan B. Yeon, Marcel Breeuwer, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Warren J. Manning
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Mortality: Patient Risk or Physician Practice?-Reply
Authors: Patrick S. Romano
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In their letter, Hartz et al note that some data elements in our risk-adjustment model for coronary bypass graft mortality may actually be consequences of care rather than risk factors. Other variables in our model, such as the use of internal mammary artery grafts, may reflect physician practice patterns. Our model might have had less predictive power if such variables had been excluded. We fully agree with these comments. Designing a risk-adjustment model is not a simple task. The investigator must make reasoned judgments about which variables are likely to represent underlying patient characteristics and which variables are more likely to represent the quality of care. The latter variables should not be used as predictors in a risk-adjustment model. In this case, we felt that the duration of time between a cardiac catheterization and a subsequent coronary artery bypass graft was more likely to reflect the findings of
Effects of gastrointestinal hormones on the growth of human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.
Authors: C Simopoulos, J D Gaffen, A Bennett
Journal: Gut (1989)

The growth of cultured epithelium like cells from human normal embryonic intestine was studied in response to various hormones using a method that quantifies the number of cells by the amount of dye that they bind after fixation. Gastrin and neurotensin in the pg/ml range and higher caused small increases in cell growth. Glucagon and VIP were stimulatory in the low ng/ml range, whereas somatostatin and bombesin had no effect at the lower concentrations but were stimulatory at the highest concentration tested (10 and 100 ng/ml respectively). Secretin and pancreozymin (cholecystokinin) seemed to be ineffective.
Use of Oral Contraceptives by Women With Epilepsy
Authors: Richard H. Mattson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Oral contraceptives have not been associated with exacerbation of epilepsy despite warnings in package inserts. No clinical study has provided scientific evidence of worsening of seizures in epileptic women who use oral contraceptives, and improvement in seizure control has occurred in some cases. The main concern about use of oral contraceptives in this population is their effectiveness in preventing conception. Failure rates are higher in groups of women taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs. The degree of increased metabolism of estrogen and progestin components is highly variable and unpredictable among individuals. Use of higher doses increases protection against conception but also increases the risk of side effects, particularly in patients in whom no enzyme induction occurs. The strength of hormones in the pill should be selected individually when initiating use. Some women may require higher doses for full contraceptive effect.
BMD and airways disease
Authors: C Elmer
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Tattersfield et al 1 and Walsh et al 2 offer important information about the possible adverse affects of corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD).Tattersfield and her colleagues reported no change in BMD with inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, while Walsh et al found a dose related increase in the incidence of fractures in those taking oral corticosteroids.We would like to report our study of BMD in patients with airways disease, which reinforces these findings and highlights men as being particularly at risk.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive outpatients (44 men) with steroid responsive airways disease.The formulation and cumulative dose of corticosteroid was recorded in each individual, together with all prescribed prophylaxis for osteoporosis.Bone mineral density was measured in the non-dominant forearm.We found no relationship between inhaled corticosteroid dose and BMD.Mean BMD was significantly reduced in those on oral as opposed to inhaled steroids.In men the mean Z scores for those on inhaled and oral corticosteroids were 0.1 and -0.6, respectively (p=0.07), while women had mean Z scores of 0.5 and -0.3 for inhaled and oral corticosteroids, respectively (p=0.016).Our patient numbers were insufficient to confirm a dose response.The surprising result was that men were more likely to meet the WHO criteria for osteoporosis than women (25% v 12.5%).This result is explained at least in part by the use of prophylaxis which was prescribed to 21 women but to only two men.Of those on regular oral steroids, only 5.5% of men received prophylaxis compared with 62.5% of women.Similar results have been reported in other chronic diseases, with a greater reduction in BMD being reported in men with cystic fibrosis. 3 Unfortunately it appears to have been assumed that men are protected from osteoporosis by virtue of their gender.When chronic disease is treated with oral corticosteroids, both men and women are equally at risk of osteoporosis and all should be considered for prophylaxis.