tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symposium on Microsurgery
Authors: James W. May
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Since the 18 authors are primarily plastic and reconstructive surgeons, this book deals chiefly with microsurgical approaches to technical and clinical problems in replantation and reconstruction surgery. Appropriate microsurgical application to the fields of neurosurgery, free bone transfer, and otorhinolaryngologic, urologic, ophthalmic, and gastrointestinal surgery are not discussed. In part 1, the introductory chapter gives a sensitive description of the development of microsurgery and imparts a real feeling for the infancy of the subject. Succeeding chapters deal with technical aspects of microvascular anastomoses and problems related to maintaining patency and blood flow in the microcirculation. Several contributions review clinical donor sites for free flap and free neurovascular tissue transfers, and also the pitfalls in this type of surgery, based on each author's extensive personal experience. Part 2, devoted to upper extremity replantation, contains a wealth of information. Yet of the 44 pages given to this subject, only two pages concentrate
PLEOMORPHISM AND PLEOBIOSIS OF BACILLUS BIFIDUS COMMUNIS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

From the foregoing experiments, the conclusion may be drawn that B. bifidus communis of Tissier has an aerobic phase, in which it resembles B. mesentericus fuscus. Numerous intermediate phases can occur between these two extremes; and their morphological and biological variabilities demand the utmost attention in order to interpret more intelligently the various phases of a given organism, constantly found in the stools of sucklings, and to avoid the artificial creation of two or more organisms from a single microbic type.
Abstract 2104: Frequent inactivation of A20 and its prognostic significance in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Jehad Abubaker, Prashant Bavi, Shahab Uddin, Zeenath Jehan, Maqbool Ahmed, Nasser Al-Sanea, Alaa Abduljabbar, Luai H. Ashari, Samar Alhomoud, Fouad Al-Dayel, Mehar Sultana, Wael Al-Haqawi, Maha Al-Rasheed, Nurul Hassan, Zeeshan Qadri, Thara George, Sarita E. Prabhakaran, Valorie Balde, Abdul K. Siraj, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A20, also known as TNF alpha induced protein3 (TNFAIP3), is a tumor suppressor gene and a well-known negative regulator of the NF-kB pathway in hematolymphoid neoplasms. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), aberrant NF-kB regulation has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. However, role of A20 gene in CRC is unknown. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the biological role of A20, mechanism of its inactivation and its prognostic role in colorectal carcinoma. We investigated the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of A20 gene in CRC. In a tissue microarray cohort of 434 CRC, we studied loss of A20 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and A20 deletions by FISH. We also screened 116 random CRC and 14 CRC cell lines for mutations in A20 gene and A20 promoter methylation. Of the 116 CRC samples, A20 deletions were seen in 15.3% and incidence of A20 mutation was 2.5%; most of the mutations (4/5) were missense mutations. A20 promoter hyper-methylation was seen in 50.8% and was correlated with loss of protein expression (p=0.0079). A20 inactivation, defined as loss or reduced expression of protein was observed in 63% of CRC and A20 inactivation was an independent prognostic marker for poor survival in all CRC. In addition A20 expression retained its prognostic value in the following subgroups: Stage III; Stage II and III; and Stage III and IV. A20 was inactivated in majority of the CRC due to promoter methylation and can be targeted to modulate NF-κb expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2104. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2104
Increased Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Tumor Expression and Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGF-R) Inhibitor Erlotinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Wolfgang M. Brueckl, Anja Schoeberl, Ralph M. Wirtz, Samuel Murray, Eckhart G. Hahn, Gunther H. Wiest
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Immunologic Studies of Gastrin
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, James E. McGuigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

RAPID advances in our understanding of anti-body specificity and in the sensitivity of immunologic methods have provided powerful tools for the study of basic mechanisms in normal and abnormal physiology. I should like to discuss the application of these technics to the study of the gastrointestinal polypeptide hormone gastrin. In an earlier seminar,1 some of the historical aspects of gastrin and its physiologic effects were described in detail. The current discussion will be concerned with the use of gastrin as an antigenic substance, the use of immunofluorescent technics to determine its cell of origin and the development of a radioimmunoassay . . .
A CASE OF PUERPERAL ECLAMPSIA.
Authors: W. F. Hertzog
Journal: JAMA (1883)

I was called to see Mrs. A. R., aged 17 years, primipara, on the morning of Aug. 5, 1883. I found her deeply comatose, and just having a frightful convulsion. On inquiry I learned from her husband that she had complained of severe headache all night, and that she frequently micturated. Towards morning she vomited. She had anasarca, especially in the face and extremities. She expected to be confined towards the last of the month. On examination I found no dilatation of the os. I gave a hypodermic injection of 6 grs. of hydrate of chloral, which rendered her conscious. I then left, and at noon found her having convulsions again. I gave another injection of chloral hydrate, and as soon as she could swallow, I gave her 20 gtts. of tinct. verat. viride. This caused severe nausea and vomiting for a while, and then she became quiet. Before midnight
Hypogonadism precedes liver feminization in chronic alcohol-fed male rats
Authors: Stasa D. Tadic, Mary S. Elm, Vladimir M. Subbotin, Patricia K. Eagon
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Men who chronically abuse alcohol may display a spectrum of endocrine abnormalities including hypogonadism and feminization, with elevated serum estradiol and low serum testosterone. We examined factors that may result in disruption of hepatic sex hormone homeostasis in alcohol-fed male rats and possible consequences of such changes. Rats were fed alcohol-containing or isocaloric diets for 30, 60, and 90 days. In alcohol-fed rats, serum testosterone levels and hepatic activity of 2 androgen-dependent estrogen metabolizing enzymes were reduced ( P &lt; .05) at all times, as was activity of androgen receptor. There was also a significant early and progressive decrease in testes/body ratio in alcohol-fed rats. Compared with this early decrease in testosterone-related parameters, there was a significant increase in serum estrogen levels (at 30 and 90 days, 132% and 168% of control values, respectively). An increase in serum ceruloplasmin, an estrogen-responsive liver protein, was apparent at 60 and 90 days, but not at 30 days of alcohol exposure, suggesting that hypogonadism precedes liver feminization. Hepatic estrogen receptor activity was decreased in alcohol-fed rats at 60 and 90 days, the latter despite elevated serum estrogen levels. Hepatic aromatase was slightly increased in alcohol-fed rats, an elevation probably not sufficient to account for observed increases in serum estrogen. Taken together, these data suggest that (1) alcohol induces profound reduction of serum testosterone, resulting in loss of androgen-regulated hepatic functions such as estrogen-metabolizing enzyme activity and activity of androgen receptors; and (2) such alcohol-induced hypogonadism precedes changes in hepatic sex hormone homeostasis and subsequent feminization.
NOTES OF A CASE OF DERMATITIS REPENS
Authors: J. H. STOWERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1896)

Journal Article NOTES OF A CASE OF DERMATITIS REPENS Get access J. H. STOWERS, M.D. J. H. STOWERS, M.D. Physician to the Department for Diseases of the Skin at the North‐West London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 8, Issue 1, 1 January 1896, Pages 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1896.tb16874.x Published: 01 January 1896
Killing the Quality and Outcomes Framework won't decrease prescribing for depression
Authors: T. Kendrick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Gillam and Steel imply that the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) has contributed to increased prescribing of antidepressants.1 Where is the evidence? Prescriptions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have risen steadily since their introduction in several countries,2 only one of which has a QOF.

We found that prescription increased due to small increments in the proportion of patients put on long term treatment over …
Dixarit overdose: the problem of attractive tablets.
Authors: B Stein, G N Volans
Journal: BMJ (1978)

without TCA, compared with 6/10 patients during treatment.Minor arrhythmias, such as occasional atrial premature beats (APBs) and occasional unifocal ventricular premature beats (VPBs), occurred in 2/10 patients without treatment and in 3/10 patients with treatment in groups 1 and 2.More significant arrhythmias, such as multifocal or frequent VPBs; VPBs in a row; paroxysmal atrial tachycardia; or runs of APBs, were found in 4/10 patients not having treatment and in 1/10 patients having treatment (groups 1 and 2).Of eight additional patients (group 3) who had had a long-term ECG only during treatment with TCA, seven had no arrhythmias and one showed occasional APBs with one couplet of APBs.
Abstract 3778: Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) promotes cell motility by regulating actin cytoskeletal and adhesion remodeling in invasive breast cancer cells.
Authors: Ashley L. Wilson, Randy S. Schrecengost, Michael S. Guerrero, Keena S. Thomas, Amy H. Bouton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer is currently incurable and associated with a 5-year survival rate of only 23%. Thus it is critical to develop a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate metastasis and the underlying process of cell motility in order to improve patient survival. The adaptor molecule Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) functions in cellular processes that contribute to cell motility. Previous work from our group has shown that elevated BCAR3 protein levels enhance breast cancer cell motility, while depletion of BCAR3 decreases cell motility and invasion in vitro. Here, we show BCAR3 controls membrane protrusion, Rac1 activity, and adhesion disassembly in invasive breast cancer cells in response to adhesion signals. Conversely, RhoA signaling pathways appear to predominate when BCAR3 is depleted from these cells, as evidenced by an increase in ROCK-mediated myosin light chain phosphorylation and the presence of stress fibers and large ROCK/mDia1-dependent focal adhesions. Thus, through its ability to tip the balance in favor of Rac1 signaling, BCAR3 functions as a positive regulator of cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion turnover in invasive breast cancer cells, thereby promoting a more invasive, pro-migratory phenotype. Interestingly, we demonstrate that BCAR3 also controls actin cytoskeletal and adhesion remodeling in invasive breast cancer cells in response to epidermal growth factor. Considering that BCAR3 protein levels are elevated in advanced breast cancer cells lines, we propose that BCAR3 functions in the transition to advanced disease by triggering intracellular signaling events that are essential to the metastatic process. BCAR3 function is intimately linked to two other proteins, the adaptor molecule p130Cas (Cas) and the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src. While BCAR3 protein levels have yet to be thoroughly assessed in human breast tumors, high expression of Cas and/or c-Src is associated with more aggressive breast cancer behaviors. Future work will determine whether this BCAR3/Cas/c-Src signaling network serves as a useful biomarker for invasive disease, and whether BCAR3 promotes breast tumor progression and metastasis in mouse models of human breast cancer. Citation Format: Ashley L. Wilson, Randy S. Schrecengost, Michael S. Guerrero, Keena S. Thomas, Amy H. Bouton. Breast Cancer Antiestrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) promotes cell motility by regulating actin cytoskeletal and adhesion remodeling in invasive breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3778. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3778
Health care: what's science got to do with it?
Authors: M. Peckham, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

An international conference on the scientific basis of health services will take place in October at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in London (see advertisement in this issue). Its purpose is to review the applications of science to health service problems, to consider the influence of scientific and technological advances on health care, and to examine the effect of changes in the health service on the organisation and conduct of research. The conference is being organised by the NHS research and development programme with the help of the BMJ.

Ensuring a strong and productive relation between health services …
SYNDROME OF RUPTURED DEEP EPIGASTRIC VESSEL
Authors: David Krapin
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The clinical picture of bleeding into the rectus abdominis muscle, though infrequent, is important in the differential diagnosis of acute intra-abdominal catastrophe. The conditions simulated may be legion, and the correct diagnosis depends primarily on the examiner's awareness of this disease. Recent observation of two cases, the condition in one simulating twisted ovarian cyst and in the other ruptured diverticulitis, has emphasized the necessity of knowledge of this condition.  The classical concept of the syndrome of ruptured deep epigastric vessel is that of the sudden or insidious development of a tender palpable mass, usually in the lower part of the abdomen, initiated by trauma, as in cough, and occurring most frequently in the aged, obese, or debilitated. Strain, acute or chronic, initiates the vessel rupture. The severity of the attendant trauma, and the anatomic limitations1determine the extent of hemorrhage and the subsequent signs and symptoms. These are often
pH-dependent electrophysiological effects of quinidine and lidocaine on canine cardiac purkinje fibers.
Authors: S Nattel, V Elharrar, D P Zipes, J C Bailey
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We used standard microelectrode techniques to evaluate the effects of lidocaine and quinidine on canine Purkinje fibers at normal pH (7.3) and in the presence of acidosis (pH 6.9). Acidosis alone reduced resting potential, action potential amplitude, and Vmax, while increasing APD90 and conduction time. Lidocaine concentrations of 6 x 10(-6) to 1.5 x 10(-5) M had minimal effect on resting potential, action potential amplitude, and Vmax at pH 7.3. At pH 6.9, the same lidocaine concentrations significantly reduced resting potential (3-10%), action potential amplitude (3-8%) and Vmax (14-22%). Quinidine (6 x 10(-6) to 1.5 x 10(-5) M) reduced resting potential (3-5%), action potential amplitude (4-9%), and Vmax (19-34%) at pH 7.3. At pH 6.9, quinidine produced significantly greater reductions in resting potential (4-15%), action potential amplitude (5-18%), and Vmax (22-49%). These changes were associated with much more quinidine- and lidocaine-induced prolongation of interelectrode conduction time at acidic than at normal pH. Inexcitability occurred at pH 6.9 in four of 14 experiments with 1.5 x 10(-5) M quinidine and in two of 10 with 1.5 x 10(-5) M lidocaine, and was reversed at the same drug concentration by normalizing pH. Acidosis did not alter the Vmax-resting potential relationship in either the absence or presence of antiarrhythmic agents. Furthermore, changes in ionization did not account for the alterations in electrophysiological effects of quinidine and lidocaine produced by acidosis. Our data suggest that extracellular pH changes may modify importantly the effects of antiarrhythmic agents.
Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid: Potential for enhanced topical photodynamic therapy
Authors: Ryan F. Donnelly, Desmond I.J. Morrow, Paul A. McCarron, A. David Woolfson, Anthony Morrissey, Petras Juzenas, Asta Juzeniene, Vladimir Iani, Helen O. McCarthy, Johan Moan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Trends in Medical Use and Abuse of Opioid Analgesics
Authors: David E. Joranson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextPain often is inadequately treated due in part to reluctance about using opioid analgesics and fear that they will be abused. Although international and national expert groups have determined that opioid analgesics are essential for the relief of pain, little information has been available about the health consequences of the abuse of these drugs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the proportion of drug abuse related to opioid analgesics and the trends in medical use and abuse of 5 opioid analgesics used to treat severe pain: fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, and oxycodone.Design and SettingRetrospective survey of medical records from 1990 to 1996 stored in the databases of the Drug Abuse Warning Network (source of abuse data) and the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (source of medical use data).PatientsNationally representative sample of hospital emergency department admissions resulting from drug abuse.Main Outcome MeasuresMedical use in grams and grams per 100,000 population and mentions of drug abuse by number and percentage of the population.ResultsFrom 1990 to 1996, there were increases in medical use of morphine (59%; 2.2 to 3.5 million g), fentanyl (1168%; 3263 to 41,371 g), oxycodone (23%; 1.6 to 2.0 million g), and hydromorphone (19%; 118,455 to 141,325 g), and a decrease in the medical use of meperidine (35%; 5.2 to 3.4 million g). During the same period, the total number of drug abuse mentions per year due to opioid analgesics increased from 32,430 to 34,563 (6.6%), although the proportion of mentions for opioid abuse relative to total drug abuse mentions decreased from 5.1% to 3.8%. Reports of abuse decreased for meperidine (39%; 1335 to 806), oxycodone (29%; 4526 to 3190), fentanyl (59%; 59 to 24), and hydromorphone (15%; 718 to 609), and increased for morphine (3%; 838 to 865).ConclusionsThe trend of increasing medical use of opioid analgesics to treat pain does not appear to contribute to increases in the health consequences of opioid analgesic abuse.
A third of Americans had problems paying medical bills in 2012
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Nearly half of all working age Americans—84 million people—were uninsured or underinsured for health coverage in 2012, the Commonwealth Fund has found in its latest analysis of the Biennial Health Insurance Survey.1

The bright spot in the survey was an improvement in health insurance coverage for young adults aged 19 to 25 years. The number not insured in 2012 declined by 1.9 million, from 13.6 to 11.7 million. However, 41% of this group remained without health insurance coverage.

Sara Collins, lead author of the report, said: “This is likely the result of the [Accountable Care Act (ACA)] requirement that allows young adults to stay on their parent’s policy to age 26.” There are no data …
O64 EFFECT OF BASELINE NS5A POLYMORPHISMS ON VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO THE ALL-ORAL COMBINATION OF DACLATASVIR + SOFOSBUVIR ± RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: F. McPhee, N. Zhou, X. Yang, D. Hernandez, J. Chiarella, M. Kozal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Effect of Oral Glucosamine on Pain-Related Disability in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Jos Runhaar, Johannes C. van der Wouden
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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e Antigen-antibody system as indicator of liver damage in patients with hepatitis-B antigen.
Authors: N El Sheikh, I L Woolf, R M Galbraith, A L Eddleston, I W Dymock, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The clinical relevance of the e antigen-antibody system was investigated in 61 people persistently positive for hepatitis-B surface antigen, including 22 healthy carriers. The e antigen was not detectable in any of the healthy carriers, whereas it was found in 15 out of 28 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and two out of 11 with chronic persistent hepatitis. Its presence therefore indicates chronic liver disease but its absence does not exclude it. It may prove to be a particularly useful prognostic aid in chronic persistent hepatitis, since one of the two patients in whom it was found later developed aggressive hepatitis. In contrast, e antibody is of little diagnostic help, for, though it was found mostly in healthy carriers (18;82%), it was also detectable in 9 (23%) of the patients with chronic hepatitis. In 13 (76%) of the patients positive for e antigen Dane particles were seen on electron microscopy, but these were also present in 5 (19%) of the patients positive for e antibody. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting that e antigen is not a surface component of the Dane particle, but rather an independent soluble protein manufactured by the host in response to infection with the hepatitis-B virus.