tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Smoking and Thiocyanate on Perchlorate and Thyroid Hormone Associations in the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Craig Steinmaus, Mark D. Miller, Robert Howd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Findings from a recent large study suggest that perchlorate at commonly occurring exposure concentrations may decrease thyroid hormone levels in some women. Decreases in thyroid hormone seen with perchlorate exposure could be even greater in people with concomitant exposure to agents such as thiocyanate that may affect the thyroid by mechanisms similar to those of perchlorate.We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess the impact of smoking and thiocyanate on the relationship between urinary per-chlorate and serum thyroxine (T(4)) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).In women with urinary iodine levels < 100 microg/L, the association between the logarithm of perchlorate and decreased T(4) was greater in smokers [regression coefficient (beta) = -1.66, p = 0.0005] than in nonsmokers (beta = -0.54, p = 0.04). In subjects with high, medium, and low cotinine levels, these regression coefficients were -1.47 (p = 0.0002), -0.57 (p = 0.03), and -0.16 (p = 0.59). For high, medium, and low thiocyanate tertiles they were -1.67 (p = 0.0009), -0.68 (p = 0.09), and -0.49 (p = 0.11). Clear interactions between perchlorate and smoking were not seen with TSH or with T(4) in women with urinary iodine levels > or = 100 microg/L or in men.These results suggest that thiocyanate in tobacco smoke and perchlorate interact in affecting thyroid function, and this effect can take place at commonly occurring perchlorate exposures. Agents other than tobacco smoke might cause similar interactions, and further research on these agents could help identify people who are particularly susceptible to perchlorate.
SYNERGY AMONG LYMPHOID CELLS MEDIATING THE GRAFT-<i>VERSUS</i>-HOST RESPONSE
Authors: Robert E. Tigelaar, Richard Asofsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

A mortality assay was used to quantitate graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions in sublethally irradiated (400 R) neonatal (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F(1) recipients of BALB/c lymphoid cells from various tissues. The probit of the 35 day cumulative per cent of mortality was a linear function of the logarithm of the cell inoculum for any tissue; reactivities of different tissues fell on a series of parallel lines. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), the most active cells, were about 30 times as active as thymocytes, the least active cells studied; femoral lymph node cells and spleen cells were about 23 and 8 times as reactive as thymocytes, respectively. The average survival time of recipients of thymocytes who eventually died was nearly a week longer than that of recipients of comparably lethal numbers of PBL, lymph node, or spleen cells. Mixtures of PBL and thymocytes gave levels of 35 day mortality significantly greater than those expected if the reactivities of the mixture had been merely the sum of the reactivities of the components measured separately, thereby confirming in any assay independent of host splenomegaly the synergistic interaction of thymocytes and PBL in the GVH reaction. Both populations of cells in the mixture had to be allogeneic to the host in order to observe this synergy. The kinetics of cumulative mortality observed for mixtures of PBL and thymocytes were indistinguishable from those seen with thymocytes alone, indicating activation of the latter cell type. Finally, comparison of the relative abilities of different cell populations to cause splenomegaly on the one hand and lethal runting on the other has raised the possibility that expression of different effector functions of cell-mediated immune reactions may in fact be initiated by distinct cells.
Effect of Exercise Intensity on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism in Obese Individuals and Obese NIDDM Patients
Authors: Jie Kang, Robert J Robertson, James M Hagberg, David E Kelley, Fredric L Goss, Sergio G Dasilva, Richard R Suminski, Alan C Utter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of exercise of differing intensity on plasma glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Six obese men and six obese men with NIDDM of similar age, weight, percentage body fat, and Vo2peak participated in the study. Each subject underwent two 7-day exercise programs in a counterbalanced order at 2-week intervals. During each 7-day exercise period, the subjects cycled every day at a power output corresponding to 50% Vo2peak for 70 min or 70% Vo2peak for 50 min. Muscle glycogen utilization was estimated during exercise on day 7 using a [3H]glucose infusion technique in conjunction with indirect calorimetry. During the day before and after each 7-day exercise period, a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was administered after a 12-h overnight fast. RESULTS The average caloric expenditure did not differ between exercise at 50 and 70% Vo2peak in both obese and obese NIDDM subjects. However, the carbohydrate oxidation was higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) during exercise at 70 than 50% Vo2peak in obese subjects (77 ± 5 vs. 68 ± 6 g) and obese NIDDM subjects (70 ± 4 vs. 58 ± 6 g). Muscle glycogen utilization was also higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) during exercise at 70 than 50% Vo2peak in obese subjects (59 ± 9 vs. 30 ± 7 g) and in obese NIDDM subjects (48 ± 5 vs. 24 ± 5 g). In obese subjects, plasma glucose response area during the OGTT did not change after 7 days of exercise at either 50 or 70% Vo2peak. Plasma insulin response area during the OGTT also did not change after 7 days of exercise at 50% Vo2peak. However, plasma insulin response area was reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) after 7 days of exercise at 70% Vo2peak (9,644 ± 1,783 vs. 7,538 ± 1,522 μ· ml"1 · 180 min"1). In obese NIDDM subjects, both plasma glucose and insulin response areas during the OGTT did not decrease after 7 days of exercise at either 50 or 70% Vo2peak. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity is influenced by exercise intensity in obese individuals. The improved insulin sensitivity after 7 days of exercise at 70% Vo2peak in obese individuals may be related to greater muscle glycogen utilization during exercise. The lack of improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after 7 days of exercise at either 50 or 70% Vo2peak in obese NIDDM patients may be due to the fact that the NIDDM patients selected in the present study were relatively hypoinsulinemic.
The Scientific Basis of Surgery
Authors: Samuel P. Harbison
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Scientific Basis of Surgery , edited by W. T. Irvine, is another text which emphasizes how essential it is today for surgeons to understand the known basic phenomena underlying their art.  difficulty in producing such a volume as this lies in determining how much to include, what is surgical, and what is likely to be of more than temporary usefulness. Indeed, the editor, speaking of contributors who did not meet the deadline by more than a year, comments, Any further delay would have diminished the usefulness of the other chapters.  However, this volume is an excellent reference for student, house officer, and practicing surgeon. Individual chapters are devoted to such timely subjects as The Role of Surgery in Myocardial Ischemia, Extracorporeal Circulation, Cardiac Arrest and Ventricular Fibrillation, Hypothermia, and Hyperbaric Oxygenation. Refreshingly, cancer is approached from the aspects of the biochemistry of the tumor cell, the immunologic reactions of
WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF IN-STENT THROMBOSIS?
Authors: Thibault Lhermusier, Michael Lipinski, Smita Negi, Nevin Baker, Ricardo Escarcega Alarcon, Sarkis Kiramijyan, Edward Koifman, Marco Magalhaes Pereira, Hideaki Ota, Won Yu Kang, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Subcellular features of calcium signalling in heart muscle: What do we learn?
Authors: E. Niggli, P. Lipp
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Subcellular features of calcium signalling in heart muscle: What do we learn? Get access Ernst Niggli, Ernst Niggli * University of Bern, Department of Physiology, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland *Correspondence to Dr Niggli. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Lipp Peter Lipp University of Bern, Department of Physiology, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 4, April 1995, Pages 441–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88517-8 Published: 01 April 1995 Article history Received: 13 September 1994 Accepted: 24 October 1994 Published: 01 April 1995
EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE RABBIT
Authors: R. Dominguez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

1. Van Leersum's range for the normal blood pressure in the rabbit, as recorded by his method, is confirmed. 2. Van Leersum's conclusion concerning the influence of a liver diet on the blood pressure of the rabbit is not substantiated by his data, since the fluctuations of blood pressure he obtained do not surpass his own recorded figures for normal animals. 3. Fluctuations of systolic blood pressure beyond the "normal" range are not necessary for the production of experimental atherosclerosis of the aorta in rabbits. Inversely, egg yolk feeding experiments in rabbits in which atherosclerosis of varying degree, even extreme, is obtained, are not accompanied by an elevation of blood pressure outside the "normal" range. 4. The fluctuations of blood pressure observed during experimental atherosclerosis do not simulate the condition of essential hypertension in man.
The Prospective Payment System: A Civic Good, Not a Civil War-Reply
Authors: James P. LoGerfo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Haruda has made a very serious error in interpreting the article by Keeler et al,<sup>1</sup>which deals with development of a sickness at admission score and its use to<i>predict</i>death rates. The predictions were made only to give readers an estimate of whether patients were more or less severely ill at admission during the post-PPS period. Keeler et al applied the severity of illness score to the patient populations and projected<i>an expectation</i>of an increased mortality of 1.6 percentage points. Their adjuster equation predicted a 180-day mortality of 28.5%, pre-PPS, and the actual was 29.6%; and they predicted a rate of 30.1% post-PPS, but the rate was only 29%. From these data, it can be concluded that patients were sicker in the post-PPS period and that the death rate should have gone up, but in actuality, it fell. However, the<i>actual</i>rates experienced by
Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization
Authors: Carlos Silvestre-Roig, Menno P. de Winther, Christian Weber, Mat J. Daemen, Esther Lutgens, Oliver Soehnlein
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Understanding the pathophysiology of atherogenesis and the progression of atherosclerosis have been major goals of cardiovascular research during the previous decades. However, the complex molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying plaque destabilization remain largely obscure. Here, we review how lesional cells undergo cell death and how failed clearance exacerbates necrotic core formation. Advanced atherosclerotic lesions are further weakened by the pronounced local activity of matrix-degrading proteases as well as immature neovessels sprouting into the lesion. To stimulate translation of the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms of plaque destabilization into clinical studies, we further summarize available animal models of plaque destabilization. Based on the molecular mechanisms leading to plaque instability, we outline the current status of clinical and preclinical trials to induce plaque stability with a focus on induction of dead cell clearance, inhibition of protease activity, and dampening of inflammatory cell recruitment.
In vivo dissociation of factor vii (ahf) activity and factor viii-related antigen in von willebrand's disease
Authors: Eric Chun‐Yet Lian, Daniel Deykin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract Using monospecific rabbit antihuman factor VIII antiserum, we have examined the amounts of factor VIII‐related antigen and compared these to the levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity in normal subjects and patients with von Willebrand's disease. We have observed that even without transfusion all nine probands with von Willebrand's disease and 20 of their 34 relatives possessed a significantly elevated factor VIII activity/factor VIII‐related antigen ratio when compared to that of 55 normal subjects. It is suggested that an elevated factor VIII activity/factor VIII‐related antigen ratio may be used for detection of the carriers of von Willebrand's disease.
Mutations in the CEL VNTR cause a syndrome of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction
Authors: Helge Ræder, Stefan Johansson, Pål I Holm, Ingfrid S Haldorsen, Eric Mas, Véronique Sbarra, Ingrid Nermoen, Stig Å Eide, Louise Grevle, Lise Bjørkhaug, Jørn V Sagen, Lage Aksnes, Oddmund Søvik, Dominique Lombardo, Anders Molven, Pål Rasmus Njølstad
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Infection of Human Herpes Virus type 8 (HHV8) in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Y. Morimoto, W.H. Wheat, C.D. Cool, P.R. Rai, C.H. Kirkpatrick, B.A. Lindenbaum, C.A. Bates, M.C. Ellison, A.E. Serls, K.K. Brown, J.M. Routes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Measures of Life Quality, Role Performance, and Functional Status in Asthma Research
Authors: James M. Richards, Mary Pat Hemstreet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Recently a consensus has emerged that health care research should address outcomes important to patients, especially quality of life, role performance, and functional status. The assessment of such outcomes is beset by conceptual and methodological difficulties that may be especially problematic for asthma. Nevertheless, several broad conclusions may be drawn about the use of measures of these outcomes in asthma research. Asthma usually is reasonably well controlled if patients are moderately adherent to their recommended regimens. Consequently, the beneficial impacts of interventions are likely to be small, and large samples are required to detect them. Outcome assessment should combine asthma-specific measures with generic measures applicable to a variety of conditions. Generic measures aimed at severely debilitating disease are less appropriate than measures designed for use in the general population. Asthma-specific measures should emphasize the incidence and impact of such symptoms as coughing, wheezing, sputum production, and shortness of breath. Current procedures for computing utility scores and cost-benefit ratios based on them have serious measurement limitations, and use of such scores should be postponed until those limitations are overcome. These assessment issues should be addressed separately for adults and children.
Small intestinal absorption of polyethylene glycol 400 to 1,000 in the portacaval shunted rat
Authors: Niclas Pantzar, Peter B. F. Bergqvist, Mogens Bugge, Gunnar Olaison, Stefan Lundin, Bengt Jeppsson, Björn Weström, Finn Bengtsson
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Functional changes of the intestinal barrier that may occur after the creation of a portacaval shunt (PCS) were investigated. After chronic PCS in the rat, the intestinal absorption of and the jejunal permeability to the inert polymer marker polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 400 to 1,000 g/mol were investigated. The PEG mixture was orally fed to PCS and sham-operated rats, and urine was collected for 24 hours to obtain the urinary recovery of the different PEG polymers as a measure of intestinal absorption. To study the intestinal permeability, segments from the proximal small intestine were incubated in diffusion chambers with the PEG mixture on the mucosal side, and samples were withdrawn from the serosal side for analysis. The urinary recovery for the PEGs increased (P < .01) while the tissue permeability decreased (P < .001) in the PCS group rats in comparison with Sham-operated rats. The increased absorption in vivo was caused neither by altered renal clearance, nor by changed portal blood pressure. The decreased jejunal permeability in the PCS rats could be explained by a reduction of the mucosal area by shortening of the microvilli. This discrepancy indicates that changes in permeability and absorption may not be parallel during PCS. It is possible that these changes also may be affected by nutritional factors, drug therapy, as well as toxic substances.
Kidney Function and Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: JOHN P. Hayslett
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Although alterations in renal function and hypertension constitute major causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women, systematic investigation of these important problems during gestation has been meager. Moreover, the correlation of current concepts of renal physiology, renal histopathology, and metabolism with clinical disturbances encountered in pregnancy has not been readily available to physicians involved in treating gravid women. The publication of this monograph by Lindheimer and Katz provides, therefore, an important contribution. The book is written in a concise and even style. The first half of the text reviews the changes in renal function and related endocrine function that occur in normal gestation and delineates the methods for estimating function in a clinical setting. Considerable attention is given to the special conditions introduced by pregnancy that influence interpretation of derived data. The second half of the monograph analyzes the important renal disorders of pregnancy, including urinary tract infection, acute
The Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: John J. Condemi
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ALTHOUGH this chapter is entitled "The Autoimmune Diseases," one can see that the diseases in which autoimmune phenomena contribute to pathogenesis are spread throughout this<i>Primer</i>. Since the earliest descriptions of the immune system, the ability of an individual to react to a wide variety of foreign insults, such as microorganisms and parasites, and internal changes, such as cancer cells, while not responding to one's own self, has intrigued researchers and is now attracting the attention of the clinician. Clinicians are interested because they encounter an increasing number of diseases and a wide range of clinical situations in which autoimmune phenomena apparently contribute to the symptoms. Clinical interest has been stimulated further by the therapeutic interventions that are now available or will be available in the near future to restore the function of the immune system to its major role in the prevention rather than production of disease. As early
A Controlled Double-Blind Study of Trimethobenzamide, Prochlorperazine, and Placebo
Authors: Philip A. Bardfeld
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE PHYSICIAN is commonly faced with the problem of patients with nausea and vomiting of varying degrees of severity. Among the antiemetic drugs that are now available to fill this need, prochlorperazine and trimethobenzamide hydrochloride have both been widely used, and both of these agents have individually been subjected to studies comparing their effects with placebo.<sup>1-3</sup> Most of the previous tests with these drugs have been performed in a hospital setting. Furthermore, there is very little information comparing the efficacy of trimethobenzamide and prochlorperazine after systemic administration. The present study will concern itself with a comparative evaluation of prochlorperazine, trimethobenzamide, and placebo given by the intramuscular route to a predominantly ambulatory group of patients. <h3>Method</h3> The subjects of this experiment were of both inpatient and outpatient status and were not restricted as to sex. The only limitations were the exclusion of gravidas and persons below the age of 13
Herpes zoster and multiple sclerosis.
Authors: G W Beebe, J F Kurtzke
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MzDIwSUNL 303time in a population of women.The pre- valence rates determined in this study are based on the first cytological examinations done on the women attending the Planned Parenthood clinics.This, however, may well not be the first cytological examination these women have ever had, and it is not at all unlikely that the study and control groups differ in their prior cytology experience before cytological examinations were introduced in the Planned Parenthood clinics.Carcinoma in situ prevalence rates build up rapidly in women through their twenties, continue at a high plateau through their thirties into their forties, and then decline.Carcinoma in situ incidence rates, on the other hand, peak in the 25-29 year age groups and decline thereafter.The age specific prevalence and incidence rates, for carcinoma in situ per 1,000 women to age 50, and their ratios, determined for British Columbia are as in the Table above.Prior cytology will have a considerable effect on the initial cytological findings at the
Osteopontin expression predicts overall survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients beyond the Milan criteria
Authors: Wolfgang Sieghart, Xiaowei Wang, Katharina Schmid, Matthias Pinter, Franz König, Martin Bodingbauer, Fritz Wrba, Susanne Rasoul-Rockenschaub, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Vascular Diseases: A Concise Guide to Diagnosis, Management, Pathogenesis, and Prevention
Authors: Ronald W. Busuttil
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Dr Sandor A. Friedman has edited a comprehensive general text on vascular diseases that are frequently seen by the general internist and surgeon. The goal of the book, as is stated in the introduction, is to review the management of major circulatory diseases and to summarize some of the newer concepts that have arisen in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of vascular disorders. The entire spectrum of vascular disease is covered, including occlusive disease of the lower extremities, arterial aneurysms, venous thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, thoracic outlet syndrome, and disorders affecting the renal, visceral, and cerebrovascular system. In addition, important topics such as diabetic neuropathy and an overview of the noninvasive and newer invasive radiological procedures are covered. Although this book is oriented toward the medical specialist, there is one chapter by Dr Anthony Imperato that covers the basic concepts and rationale behind the operative procedures used in vascular reconstructive surgery.
TREATMENT OF GONORRHEAL VAGINITIS IN IMMATURE GIRLS
Authors: Joseph Brown
Journal: JAMA (1934)

My purpose in this note on the treatment of gonorrheal vaginitis in immature girls is to corroborate the work and observations of Lewis.<sup>1</sup> Gonorrhea in young girls has always been the bugbear of the medical practitioner and seldom is cured short of months of intensive treatment. Because of the delicacy of the structures involved and the lack of cooperation on the part of the young patients, local treatment is difficult. At best, even in older girls, when cooperation is more readily obtained, treatment is long and tedious and highly unsatisfactory. Perhaps the reason for this is to be found in the peculiar microscopic changes in the generative tract of the immature girl, so splendidly shown by Schauffler and Kuhn.<sup>2</sup> It has long been known that gonorrhea in the mature female seldom attacks the vaginal wall per se or, if it does, it is of short duration. Allen<sup>3</sup>