tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced bone mineral content and normal serum osteocalcin in non-steroid-treated patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: C Polito, C G Strano, L Rea, M Alessio, C S Iammarrone, N Todisco, A Marotta, E Iaccarino, M Pirozzi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To distinguish the effects of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) on bone mineralisation from those possibly caused by steroid therapy.Bone mineral status was evaluated in 20 children (five boys and 15 girls) with active JRA who never received steroids. Seven had oligoarticular, nine had polyarticular, and four had systemic JRA. Bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed by single beam photon absorptiometry and expressed as a Z score relative to normal values in healthy children. Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase were measured by colorimetric methods. Whole parathyroid hormone was assayed by Immuno Radiometric Assay. Serum osteocalcin was measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Nutrient intake was assessed by a 24 hours dietary recall. BMC and nutrient intake were also assessed in an age and sex matched control group.BMC was -1.5 (SEM 0.8) Z scores in patients and 0.4 (0.3) in the control group (p = 0.02). BMC averaged -4.9 (2) Z scores in the systemic JRA group, -1 (0.6) in the polyarticular group and 0.3 (0.7) in oligoarticular JRA patients. Serum calcium, phosphate and osteocalcin values were normal in all patients. No significant difference was found between JRA patients and controls in calcium, phosphate, energy, and protein intake.JRA subjects have significantly reduced BMC even in the absence of any steroid therapy. Bone demineralisation appears to depend more on disease activity and on reduced motility than on reduced nutrient intake.
Necrotizing Cutaneous Vasculitis in a Patient with Infective Endocarditis and Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dilek Ersil Soysal, Sezin Hızar Turan, Emrah Koc, Mete Pekdiker, Mustafa Ozmen, Ebru Tekesin, Hamza Duygu, Aylin Calli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prospective randomized comparison between axial- and lateral-viewing capsule endoscopy systems in patients with obscure digestive bleeding
Authors: Mathieu Pioche, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Philippe Jacob, Clothilde Duburque, Rodica Gincul, Bernard Filoche, Jacques Daudet, Jérôme Filippi, Jean-Christophe Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aim: </b>Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is recommended as the first exploration in obscure digestive bleeding. The efficiency of the PillCam SB2 (Given Imaging) has been widely reported. The CapsoCam capsule (Capsovision) has four cameras allowing the exploration of the small bowel through 360° lateral viewing. This system does not include a recording system so the capsule has to be retrieved by the patient after expulsion in order for the film to be downloaded. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic concordance (kappa value) of the PillCam SB2 and CapsoCam capsules in the same patients. <b>Methods: </b>This was a prospective comparative study in four French referral endoscopy units. Consecutive patients ingested the two capsules 1 hour apart and in a randomized order. <b>Results:</b> In the 73 included patients there were 13 technical issues (11 CapsoCam, 2 PillCam SB2). Of the 60 patients with analyzable data, and following expert review of all discordant cases, a concordant positive diagnosis was obtained in 23 (38.3 %) and a negative diagnosis was obtained and 26 patients (43.3 %). Concordance was good, with a kappa value of 0.63 in analyzable patients, and 46.7 % diagnosis with CapsoCam vs. 48.3 % with PillCam SB2. CapsoCam and PillCam SB2 procedures identified 81.8 % (27 /33) and 84.8 % (28 /33) of positive patients, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.791). In a per lesion analysis, the CapsoCam capsule detected significantly more lesions (108 vs. 85 lesions; <i>P</i> = 0.001). Reading time was longer for CapsoCam procedures (32.0 vs. 26.2 minutes; <i>P</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusion: </b>This study shows comparable efficiency of the CapsoCam and PillCam SB2 capsule systems in terms of diagnostic yield and image quality.
A Reexamination of the PPAR-α Activation Mode of Action as a Basis for Assessing Human Cancer Risks of Environmental Contaminants
Authors: Kathryn Z. Guyton, Weihsueh A. Chiu, Thomas F. Bateson, Jennifer Jinot, Cheryl Siegel Scott, Rebecca C. Brown, Jane C. Caldwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundDiverse environmental contaminants, including the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are hepatocarcinogenic peroxisome proliferators in rodents. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation and its sequelae have been proposed to constitute a mode of action (MOA) for hepatocarcinogenesis by such agents as a sole causative factor. Further, based on a hypothesized lower sensitivity of humans to this MOA, prior reviews have concluded that rodent hepatocarcinogenesis by PPAR-α agonists is irrelevant to human carcinogenic risk.Data synthesisHerein, we review recent studies that experimentally challenge the PPAR-α activation MOA hypothesis, providing evidence that DEHP is hepatocarcinogenic in PPAR-α–null mice and that the MOA but not hepatocarcinogenesis is evoked by PPAR-α activation in a transgenic mouse model. We further examine whether relative potency for PPAR-α activation or other steps in the MOA correlates with tumorigenic potency. In addition, for most PPAR-α agonists of environmental concern, available data are insufficient to characterize relative human sensitivity to this rodent MOA or to induction of hepatocarcinogenesis.ConclusionsOur review and analyses raise questions about the hypothesized PPAR-α activation MOA as a sole explanation for rodent hepatocarcinogenesis by PPAR-α agonists and therefore its utility as a primary basis for assessing human carcinogenic risk from the diverse compounds that activate PPAR-α. These findings have broad implications for how MOA hypotheses are developed, tested, and applied in human health risk assessment. We discuss alternatives to the current approaches to these key aspects of mechanistic data evaluation.
Restructuring the NIH
Authors: Samuel O. Thier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The President has proposed a budget for the 1995 fiscal year that reduces discretionary spending but increases support for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to $11 billion -- an increase that exceeds the rate of inflation and an amount that is more than three times the $3.2 billion proposed for the National Science Foundation. Biomedical science is progressing and opportunity is expanding at a stunning pace; well-trained scientists abound, new methods fuel scientific advances, the biotechnology industry has been spawned, and new products are greatly improving the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Why, then, when they should take pleasure . . .
Lymphoid malignancies: many tumor types, many altered genes, many therapeutic challenges
Authors: Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The lymphoid tissues, including both the B and T cell lineages, are characterized by a unique level of biological complexity due to the anatomical organization of functionally distinct cell subpopulations and complex processes of genetic alteration required to generate immune responses. Not surprisingly, this physiological diversity and complexity is mirrored by the broad spectrum of malignancies derived from lymphocytes. The articles in this Review Series highlight recent progress in selected common lymphoid malignancies, with a focus on the genetic alterations that drive malignant transformation, including those identified by genome-wide analyses. These genetic alterations represent the basis from which cellular pathways of therapeutic relevance can be identified, studied, and eventually targeted.
AN INSTRUMENT (DRILL) TO FACILITATE THE CORRECTION OF CERTAIN TYPES OF EXTERNAL DEFORMITIES OF THE NOSE
Authors: Sidney Israel
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In the correction or reduction of certain types of external deformities of the nose, those of us that have labored with the rasps, saws and chisels realize the limitations occasionally encountered of certain of these instruments, and the difficulties necessary to overcome. As a result of work on the cadaver, as well as on the living patient, a drill or burr has been devised, by the use of which I have succeeded in meeting and correcting these difficulties. The drill is especially indicated in the correction of lateral displacement, or deformity of the bony nasal framework, when it is necessary to mobilize the nose completely previous to replacement in the corrected position. Its use in this type of deformity renders the need for saws or chisels unnecessary. In the reduction of bony prominences, exostoses, or the like it is invaluable, and with it one can smooth, round or bevel the
PATTERN OF DISCHARGE FROM NORWEGIAN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
Authors: ORNULV ODEGARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

The first admissions to all psychiatric hospitals in Norway 1955-59 have been followed with regard to pattern of discharge and readmission until the end of 1960. These patients, whose entire hospital stay falls within the era of the psychotropic drugs, are compared with a control group of "pre-drug" patients admitted in 1948-52 and followed until the end of 1953. There is a slight increase in the discharge rates and a tendency towards shorter hospital stay. It is shown, however, that a far more marked improvement of the therapeutic results took place between 1936 and 1950. The writer feels that the lack of unemployment since 1945 may be an important factor in facilitating the social rehabilitation of our psychiatric patients. The impact of drug therapy appears to have been modest, but varies remarkably from one hospital to another with an improvement of 33% and a decrease of 23% as extremes.
What's in a Review?
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Sharp-eyed readers of the Journal will notice that something new has been added in this issue. For the first time we are soliciting book reviews by volunteers from our readership (see page 854).Each year the Journal receives almost 2000 new titles from book publishers the world over. Publishers are encouraged to send us their products, but they should be aware that less than one quarter of these books can be reviewed. We surely overlook some pearls hidden between hard covers. We do our best to open the shells and look inside them all, but sometimes we may be digging . . .
Are international medical conferences an outdated luxury the planet can’t afford? No
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Every year thousands of doctors and scientists fly to meetings at distant locations. <b>Malcolm Green</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a358) argues that this is no longer justifiable or necessary, but <b>James Drife</b> believes face to face contact is hard to replace
An Evaluation of<i>Echinacea angustifolia</i>in Experimental Rhinovirus Infections
Authors: Ronald B. Turner, Rudolf Bauer, Karin Woelkart, Thomas C. Hulsey, J. David Gangemi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Echinacea has been widely used as an herbal remedy for the common cold, but efficacy studies have produced conflicting results, and there are a variety of echinacea products on the market with different phytochemical compositions. We evaluated the effect of chemically defined extracts from Echinacea angustifolia roots on rhinovirus infection.Three preparations of echinacea, with distinct phytochemical profiles, were produced by extraction from E. angustifolia roots with supercritical carbon dioxide, 60 percent ethanol, or 20 percent ethanol. A total of 437 volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either prophylaxis (beginning seven days before the virus challenge) or treatment (beginning at the time of the challenge) either with one of these preparations or with placebo. The results for 399 volunteers who were challenged with rhinovirus type 39 and observed in a sequestered setting for five days were included in the data analysis.There were no statistically significant effects of the three echinacea extracts on rates of infection or severity of symptoms. Similarly, there were no significant effects of treatment on the volume of nasal secretions, on polymorphonuclear leukocyte or interleukin-8 concentrations in nasal-lavage specimens, or on quantitative-virus titer.The results of this study indicate that extracts of E. angustifolia root, either alone or in combination, do not have clinically significant effects on infection with a rhinovirus or on the clinical illness that results from it.
SPECIMENS DEMONSTRATING THE OPERATION OF GASTRO-CHOLECYSTOTOMY, END-TO-END ANASTOMOSIS OF GUT, AND THE CONNECTING OF THE GALL BLADDER WITH THE ALIMENTARY TRACT.AS PERFORMED WITH THE MURPHY BUTTON,· AND BY THE MAUNSELL OPERATION. Read before the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: B. MERRILL RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I am sorry, indeed, that circumstances would not permit of my being with you this morning as announced on the program. However, I must content myself with the time allotted to me this afternoon, a duly appreciated courtesy granted by the chairman. Dr. Murphy having demonstrated his gall bladder operation upon the dog prevents me from making anything more than a passing remark upon this operation. However, I wish to speak more fully upon the various other anastomoses. No. 1. That I might simplify matters both in my remarks and demonstrations I have, with the assistance of an artist been able to give charts that are more instructive than words. No. 2. Six of these fully illustrate an end-to-end anastomosis, while four show the operation upon the stomach as suggested by Maunsell of New Zealand, some eleven years ago, but which was not published and made known until one year
Synovial membrane in experimentally-produced chronic haemarthrosis.
Authors: S Roy, F N Ghadially
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

<h3>Background</h3> Pharmacotherapeutic complexity and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) negatively affect therapeutic goals in HIV +adult patients and increase frailty and risk of falls. The POINT study carried out in Spain in 2017 alerted polypharmacy and pharmacotherapeutic complexity, and low adherence in HIV +adults. <h3>Purpose</h3> To describe treatment complexity, fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) burden, and the presence of PIM in middle-aged and elderly HIV +patients in our clinical setting. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the referral hospital for HIV infection of our region in April 2018. We selected patients aged ≥45 y. Exclusion criteria: no medication information available in electronic clinical history. Age, gender and active chronic medication were collected. We calculated: overall treatment complexity and complexity due to concomitant one (MRCI-E tool); FRIDs with the most consistent association with a higher risk (antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, loop diuretics, opioids, antiepileptics and polypharmacy, according to the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the EUGMS Task and Finish Group on FRIDs); anticholinergic drug burden (DBI score); and STOPP criteria. Polypharmacy was defined as ≥5 medications. Fix-dose combinations were counted as one drug. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 143 HIV +patients were included, all of them on antirretroviral treatment (ART), 92.3% received concomitant non-HIV drugs (non-ART). Median age: 54y (SD 7.6; range 45 to 84y) and 94 (65.7%) male. Eighty-two patients (57.3%) received ≥1 FRID (35.7%≥1 benzodiazepine), 71 (49.7%) had ≥1 anticholinergic drug and at least one STOPP criteria was detected in 55 patients (38.4%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The impact of non-HIV drugs on overall pharmacotherapeutic complexity, and the frequent use of PIM in patients≥45 y justifies the need for periodical reassessment of the treatment in order to optimise adequacy and benefit/risk balance. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> POINT study. https://ejhp.bmj.com/content/25/Suppl_1/A249.2 No conflict of interest.
Renal Failure in Combined Gentamicin and Cephalothin Therapy
Authors: R. R. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1973)

1) The authors fail to mention the work of Schultze et al.,1 who described six patients developing acute renal failure which was attributed to gentamicin therapy though all six were receiving cephalothin siomul- taneously.(2) The choice of antibiotic therapy in the three cases they quote gives cause for alarm.
Long-term Cancer-specific Outcomes of TaG1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Malte Rieken, Evanguelos Xylinas, Luis Kluth, Joseph J. Crivelli, James Chrystal, Talia Faison, Yair Lotan, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Sten Holmäng, Marek Babjuk, Harun Fajkovic, Christian Seitz, Tobias Klatte, Armin Pycha, Alexander Bachmann, Douglas S. Scherr, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Colonic Microbiota, Nutrition and Health.
Authors: I SEGAL
Journal: Gut (2000)

Colonic Microbiota, Nutrition and Health. Edited by G R Gibson, M B Roberfroid (Pp 304; illustrated; £93) The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999. ISBN 0412798808.

I was taught as a medical student that the major function of the colon was that of a storage organ. Since then, premises about the colon have evolved and the complexities of colon function is much better understood, as described by Gibson and Roberfroid's multi-authored book Colonic Microbiota, Nutrition and Health .

Although the authors state that the purpose of the book is to overview current knowledge of the activities and functions of the gut microflora, the scope goes beyond these boundaries and takes us on an ecological journey into the exciting life of gut microflora and their impact on colon function in health and disease, and the intimate critical relationship between diet, bacteria, and quality of life.

Gastroenterologists are still recovering from the impact that a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori , has had on upper gastrointestinal …
Abstract 486: Uncovering novel PERK signaling pathways through chemical-genetic screening
Authors: Nancy L. Maas, Rebecca Levin, Nickpreet Singh, Kevan Shokat, J. Alan Diehl
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The ER kinase PERK, a key mediator of the Unfolded Protein Response, is known to promote tumorigenesis, cell migration, and metastasis, as well as inhibit anoikis. Though PERK has these and other important cellular functions, only a handful of its direct substrates are currently known. Therefore, in order to provide an expanded view of PERK function and further definition of its signaling networks, we have used a chemical-genetic approach to screen for additional PERK substrates. We find that a mutation in the PERK ATP binding pocket renders it sensitive to bulky ATP analogs both in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, bulky ATPγS analogs were used exclusively by the analog-sensitive version of PERK to label substrates with thiophosphate. After labeling, thiophosphopeptides were affinity purified by covalent capture and subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Utilization of this analog-sensitive PERK allele for substrate characterization will be discussed. Citation Format: Nancy L. Maas, Rebecca Levin, Nickpreet Singh, Kevan Shokat, J. Alan Diehl. Uncovering novel PERK signaling pathways through chemical-genetic screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 486. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-486
Erratum to: “The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score: Normal values, influence factors and proposed cut-off values” [J Hepatol 2013;59:236–242]
Authors: Ralf Lichtinghagen, Daniel Pietsch, Heike Bantel, Michael P. Manns, Korbinian Brand, Matthias J. Bahr
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Proposed Changes in Britain's Health Service Stir Varied Reactions, Widespread Controversy
Authors: John F. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

BY ANY MEASURE, the proposed National Health Service changes are massive and have become the subject of widespread controversy among British physicians, nurses, patients, and all shades of political opinion. A British Medical Association spokeswoman says that the association, which represents about three quarters of the United Kingdom's 100 000 physicians, has strong reservations about many points of the proposed changes. Among the proposed changes are the following: Most pertinent to the Guy's Hospital management scheme, 320 of England's 2000 hospitals will be given the opportunity to "opt out" of health authority control (the National Health Service) and operate mainly on a freemarket basis. They will be able to set their own salary schedules, while receiving partial payment for their operations from the National Health Service, from contracts with general practitioners for treatment, and from other hospital trusts. . One hundred new consultants. cialist hospital physicians) will be appointed within the
Management of Persistently Recurring Ventricular Fibrillation With Propranolol Hydrochloride
Authors: Edwin L. Rothfeld
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Propranolol hydrochloride suppressed persistently recurring ventricular fibrillation in a patient with acute myocardial infarction after lidocaine, procainamide hydrochloride, and multiple electric shocks had failed. Propranolol must be used with care in the presence of acute myocardial infarction because of its negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Propranolol should be administered by slow intravenous infusion if procainamide and lidocaine fail to suppress ventricular fibrillation. Rate of flow must be carefully monitored to avoid bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac failure.
Scintigraphic Portrayal of the Syndrome of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type-2B
Authors: JONATHAN J. YOBBAGY, ROSS LEVATTER, JAMES C. SISSON, BARRY L. SHULKIN, THEO POLLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The scintigraphic appearance of the neoplasms in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN-2B) and the interpretations of the image patterns are described. An 18-year-old male patient with the MEN-2B syndrome underwent TI-201 imaging that showed concentrations of TI-201 in the primary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) tumor and in cervical lymph node metastases. After total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection, the TI-201 image was normal. Catecholamine levels in the blood and urine were only borderline elevated. Yet, greater than normal concentrations of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) were present in both adrenal glands. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed normal adrenal glands. These results were consistent with the diagnosis of adrenal medullary hyperplasia, a precursor of pheochromocytoma. No operation was indicated to remove the adrenal glands. Imaging with TI-201 appears to be useful in identifying sites of MTC in patients with the MEN-2B syndrome. I-131 MIBG imaging, in conjunction with computed tomography of the adrenal glands and appropriate catecholamine measurements, should be performed in patients with the MEN-2B syndrome to determine the status of the adrenal medullae, which then may be classified as normal, hyperplastic, or tumorous with pheochromocytoma.