tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physiologic Studies of Pulmonary Edema at High Altitude
Authors: HERBERT N. HULTGREN, CESAR E. LOPEZ, EINAR LUNDBERG, HARRY MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Cardiac catheterization studies have been performed in four patients during acute pulmonary edema at an elevation of 12,300 feet in the central Peruvian Andes. Pulmonary hypertension, low cardiac output, arterial unsaturation, and low normal pulmonary artery wedge pressures were observed. Oxygen breathing was accompanied by a prompt, marked fall in pulmonary artery pressure and a slight rise in wedge pressure, indicating the presence of anoxic pulmonary arteriolar constriction. In one patient, pulmonary artery wedge pressures were not elevated during added hypoxia nor during exercise. The blood pressure response to the Valsalva maneuver was normal. Similar studies were carried out in four subjects after recovery from pulmonary edema. One 9-year-old boy had persisting pulmonary hypertension. None had evidence of underlying cardiac disease. An abnormal rise in pulmonary artery pressure during induced hypoxia was observed in three of four patients. It is concluded that pulmonary edema at high altitude is a unique form of pulmonary edema produced by hypoxia under certain conditions of exposure at high altitude. Severe pulmonary hypertension due to anoxic pulmonary arteriolar constriction is present. There is no evidence that pulmonary venous constriction and cardiac failure are causative mechanisms.
TCT-436 Impact of a Mechanical Circulatory Support Program in the Survival of Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Primary Angioplasty.
Authors: Gabriela Veiga Fernandez, Virginia Burgos Palacios, Cristina Castrillo, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Jose M. De la Torre Hernandez, Manuel Cobo Belaustegui, Angela Canteli, Marta Ruiz Lera, Dae-Hyun Lee, Miguel Llano, Natalia Royuela, Fermin Sainz Laso, Javier Zueco, Jesus Gutierrez Morlote
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
RELATIONSHIP OF SYPHILIS AND YAWS
Authors: D. B. Blacklock
Journal: BMJ (1933)

I MHE BRITISFT 97 seen on August 4th the discharge was slight, and a week later the ear was quite dry.M. D. Lederman3 describes the iodine powder as an intimate association of iodine with boric powder pre- pared by mixing an iodine solution with dry, finely powdered boric acid and evaporating the solvent.I have found the following method simple and effective: I Iodi resublimatae ... ... ... gr.3.6 Pulv.acid.boric.... ... ... ad Mj Sig.Iodine 0.75 per cent. in boric powder; use in a powder blower as directed.Rub down the iodine with a few drops of spirit.vini rect.until solution is effected, and gradually incorporate the finely powdered boric acid.The preparation should be freshly prepared and kept in a well-closed container to avoid, as far as possible, loss of iodine by volatilization.Practitioners and hospital colleagues to whom I have introduced the method have taken it up with enthusiasm.At one institution for children which I visit as a con- sultant, ionization was formerly the favourite method of treating ear suppuration, but it is now discarded in favour of this newer, much simpler, and more effective treatment.
A COMPARISON OF VASCULAR INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PSORIASIS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS BY FDG-PET/CT: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Nehal N. Mehta, Nikhil H. Sheth, Joshua Baker, Alexis Ogdie, Anna Raper, Babak Saboury, Thomas J. Werner, Preethi Thomas, Abby Van Voorhees, Abass Alavi, Drew Torigian, Joel Gelfand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Standardizing Benchmark Dose Calculations to Improve Science-Based Decisions in Human Health Assessments
Authors: Jessica A. Wignall, Andrew J. Shapiro, Fred A. Wright, Tracey J. Woodruff, Weihsueh A. Chiu, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Ivan Rusyn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling computes the dose associated with a prespecified response level. While offering advantages over traditional points of departure (PODs), such as no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAELs), BMD methods have lacked consistency and transparency in application, interpretation, and reporting in human health assessments of chemicals.Objectives: We aimed to apply a standardized process for conducting BMD modeling to reduce inconsistencies in model fitting and selection.Methods: We evaluated 880 dose–response data sets for 352 environmental chemicals with existing human health assessments. We calculated benchmark doses and their lower limits [10% extra risk, or change in the mean equal to 1 SD (BMD/L10/1SD)] for each chemical in a standardized way with prespecified criteria for model fit acceptance. We identified study design features associated with acceptable model fits.Results: We derived values for 255 (72%) of the chemicals. Batch-calculated BMD/L10/1SD values were significantly and highly correlated (R2 of 0.95 and 0.83, respectively, n = 42) with PODs previously used in human health assessments, with values similar to reported NOAELs. Specifically, the median ratio of BMDs10/1SD:NOAELs was 1.96, and the median ratio of BMDLs10/1SD:NOAELs was 0.89. We also observed a significant trend of increasing model viability with increasing number of dose groups.Conclusions: BMD/L10/1SD values can be calculated in a standardized way for use in health assessments on a large number of chemicals and critical effects. This facilitates the exploration of health effects across multiple studies of a given chemical or, when chemicals need to be compared, providing greater transparency and efficiency than current approaches.Citation: Wignall JA, Shapiro AJ, Wright FA, Woodruff TJ, Chiu WA, Guyton KZ, Rusyn I. 2014. Standardizing benchmark dose calculations to improve science-based decisions in human health assessments. Environ Health Perspect 122:499–505; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307539
Estimated plasma stearoyl co-A desaturase-1 activity and risk of incident diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Lisa S. Chow, Shuzhen Li, Lynn E. Eberly, Elizabeth R. Seaquist, John H. Eckfeldt, Ron C. Hoogeveen, David J. Couper, Lyn M. Steffen, James S. Pankow
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Efficiency of Steam Sterilizers
Authors: H. R. Rishworth
Journal: BMJ (1938)

The Middlesex County Council has resolved to rebuild the North Middlesex Hospital at a cost of £1,219,000.The original scheme for a building costing £1,680,208 did not meet with the approval of the Ministry of Health.To provide the hospital accommodation needed the Council will erect a new building at Theobalds Park and add 100 beds to the proposed new hospital at Finchley.
Surgical Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders
Authors: Andrew Kingsnorth
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Sometimes when picking up a book, perusing the contents list and browsing through the illustrations and subject headings one gets a feeling of promise with regard to the detailed content. I had this experience with Poston and Blumgart's book and was not disappointed. This is a work of high quality in both information and production. The editors aimed at a problem-based approach rather than didactic descriptions and this is nicely done with a format of frequently asked questions followed by answers backed up by detailed review of the published work. Editorial control has been sufficient to give a uniform approach while allowing the authors to retain individual character.

A special feature is the way anatomical descriptions and operative techniques are illuminated by computer assisted diagrammatic representations and in some chapters image reconstruction techniques in three dimensions. I would pick out the chapters on hepatic resection, bilobar metastatic colon cancer and non-resectional treatment of colorectal cancer as particularly hard to beat in any competing textbook, in their detailed descriptions and reviews of recent work. Towards the end are two excellent chapters that will appeal to the general surgeon, on management of trauma of the duodenum, pancreas and liver. Expertly handled they offer solutions to management of these rare but critical injuries.

Inevitably there are a few gaps where the editors have been selective, and it seems odd to have a chapter on management of carcinoma of the head of pancreas involving the portal vein without another describing the standard pancreatic resectional procedures. Neither of the chapters dealing with neuroendocrine tumours mentions the significant advances in the genetics of these conditions, which can profoundly affect patient management.

In general, the editors and authors have done an excellent job. Here is the evidence base for day-to-day management and decision making in hepatobiliary diseases. I recommend the book to any general or specialist surgeon who manages these diseases, and to trainees approaching examinations at completion of surgical training.
The Oxford Medical Companion
Authors: Frank Iber
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This medical companion first appeared in 1986 with the purpose of covering the knowledge base and practice of medicine for both health professionals and laypersons and was quite popular. The 1994 companion has new and highly qualified editors, has been reduced to one volume, and is almost completely rewritten with the same purpose in mind. The entries are alphabetically arranged with prominent scientists noted, most currently used terms defined, and some world-famous institutions discussed. There are in-depth, remarkably farseeing, and mature essays on approximately 200 subjects that each fill two to eight pages, covering the most important advances and trends in today's medicine. Some photographic and chart illustrations and many tables embellish these, and some have short current bibliographies to further enhance. The entries are not only well written, but are often prepared by leaders writing about their own fields. The strength of this volume is in the in-depth essays.
Health Status of Urban American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: David C. Grossman, James W. Krieger, Jonathan R. Sugarman, Ralph A. Forquera
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To use vital statistics and communicable disease reports to characterize the health status of an urban American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population and compare it with urban whites and African Americans and with AI/ANs living on or near rural reservations.Descriptive analysis of routinely reported data.One metropolitan county and seven rural counties with reservation land in Washington State.All reported births, deaths, and cases of selected communicable diseases occurring in the eight counties from 1981 through 1990.Low birth weight, infant mortality, and prevalence of risk factors for poor birth outcomes; age-specific and cause-specific mortality; rates of reported hepatitis A and hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases.Urban AI/ANs had a much higher rate of low birth weight compared with urban whites and rural AI/ANs and had a higher rate of infant mortality than urban whites. During the 10 years, urban AI/AN infant mortality rates increased from 9.6 per 1000 live births to 18.6 per 1000 live births compared with no trend among the other populations. Compared with rural AI/AN mothers, urban AI/AN mothers were 50% more likely to receive late or no prenatal care during pregnancy. Relative to urban whites, urban AI/AN risk factors for poor birth outcomes (delayed prenatal care, adolescent age, and use of tobacco and alcohol) were more common and closely resembled the prevalence among the African-American population except for a higher rate of alcohol use among AI/ANs. Compared with urban whites, urban AI/AN mortality rates were higher in every age group except the elderly. Differences between urban whites and AI/ANs were largest for injury- and alcohol-related deaths. All-cause mortality was lower among urban AI/ANs compared with rural AI/ANs and urban African Americans, although injury- and alcohol-related deaths were higher for AI/ANs. All communicable diseases studied were significantly (P < .05) more common among urban AI/ANs compared with whites. Tuberculosis rates were highest in the urban AI/AN group, but rates of sexually transmitted diseases were intermediate between urban whites and African Americans.In this urban area, great disparities exist between the health of AI/ANs and whites across almost every health dimension we measured. No consistent pattern was found in the comparison of health indicators between urban and rural AI/ANs, though rural AI/ANs had lower rates of low birth weight and higher rates of timely prenatal care use. The poor health status of urban AI/AN people requires greater attention from federal, state, and local health authorities.
BMA demands more responsible media attitude on body image
Authors: H. Morant
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Broadcasters and magazine publishers should “adopt a more responsible editorial attitude towards the depiction of extremely thin women as role models,” the BMA's board of science and education said this week.

In a report entitled Eating Disorders, Body Image and the Media it calls on the media to “portray a more realistic range of body images.” Dr Ian Bogle, BMA chairman of council, attacks the cult of “bodily perfection” perpetuated by the media in contemporary society. The report also suggests that the Independent Television Commission should review its policy on the use of thin women in advertisements …
Less than 10% of patients with Alzheimers disease diagnosed in Hungary
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Although awareness of Alzheimer's disease has increased in Hungary in recent years, only about 5-10% of the estimated 100 000 Hungarians with the disease are diagnosed and treated, a leading Hungarian neurologist said this week.

Dr Peter Tariska, a psychiatrist, neurologist, and gerontologist and head of the memory clinic at the National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in …
Clinical patterns and results of radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and skin tests in penicillin allergy
Authors: D. KRAFT, L. WIDE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Seventy-nine patients with acute or former reactions to penicillin were investigated by a benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)-specific RAST and/or by skin tests with penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL), benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid and the results were correlated with the different clinical pictures. Positive RAST and skin test results could be found in patients with anaphylactic shock, urticaria and serum sickness-like reaction and sometimes in a special group of exanthems, which are characterized by the existence of many different lesions at the same time, therefore called 'polymorphic exanthems', and often observed after high-dosage penicillin therapy. In cases of scarlatiniform or morbilliform exanthems no positive results were found. The BPO-specific RAST showed an overall correlation of 95-I% with skin tests using PPL. However, some patients with positive skin tests to benzylpenicillin and penicilloic acid did no have detectable circulating IgE antibodies to BPO. This emphasizes the need for including these antigens in in vitro methods. The RAST was informative even at the allergic reaction or in the first 15 days afterwards and seems to be very valuable for early diagnosis of penicillin allergy especially in cases when many drugs have been given.
1085-167 Dose-response study of the efficacy and safety of fosinopril in children with hypertension: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Jennifer S Li, Katherine Y Berezny, Rakhi Kilaru, Lydia Hazen, Ronald Portman, Ronald Hogg, Randall Jenkins, Prapti Kanani, Carol M Cottril, Tej K Mattoo, Ludmila Zharkova, Ludmila Kozlova, Irit Weisman, David Deitchman, Robert Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Common Genetic Variation, Residential Proximity to Traffic Exposure, and Left Ventricular Mass: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Victor C. Van Hee, Sara D. Adar, Adam A. Szpiro, R. Graham Barr, Ana Diez Roux, David A. Bluemke, Lianne Sheppard, Edward A. Gill, Hossein Bahrami, Christina Wassel, Michele M. Sale, David S. Siscovick, Jerome I. Rotter, Stephen S. Rich, Joel D. Kaufman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Elevated left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong predictor of negative cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. A relationship between close (< 50 m compared with > 150 m) residential proximity to major roadways and higher LVM has previously been described, but the mechanistic pathways that are involved in this relationship are not known. Understanding genetic factors that influence susceptibility to these effects may provide insight into relevant mechanistic pathways.
Gallium Uptake in Pericardial Fat Necrosis
Authors: Hidemasa Takao, Kou Yamahira, Toshiaki Watanabe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 45-year-old man was hospitalized with hemoptysis. Medical history included decortication for right chronic hemopneumothorax of unknown origin and chronic pancreatitis. Bronchoscopy revealed bleeding from the right B7, but the etiology of bleeding was unknown. Hemoptysis continued despite conservative treatment. He underwent embolization of the right bronchial artery. Ga-67 scintigraphy was performed as a diagnostic screening test. Increased gallium uptake in the pericardial fat was seen. A biopsy of the pericardial fat revealed fat necrosis. Malignancy was not evident.
Clinical features of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis vs. colonization in COPD patients distributed by gold stage
Authors: Jose Barberan, Francisco Sanz, Jose-Luis Hernandez, Silvia Merlos, Eduardo Malmierca, Francisco-Javier Garcia-Perez, Eloy Sanchez-Haya, Mar Segarra, Francisco Garcia de la Llana, Juan-Jose Granizo, Maria-Jose Gimenez, Lorenzo Aguilar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Patterns of presentation of the shaken baby syndrome:Subdural and retinal haemorrhages are not necessarily signs of abuse
Authors: James LeFanu, Rioch Edwards Brown
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The “serious data gaps, flaws of logic, and inconsistency of case definition” shown up by the evidence based case report of the shaken baby syndrome (p 754) and highlighted in the accompanying editorials (pp 719 and p 720) will be of interest to the many parents who over the past 10 years have maintained that they have been wrongly accused and convicted of causing their children's injuries.1–3

Furthermore, the recent evidence emphasised by Geddes and Plunkett that trivial falls and other minor injuries can give rise to the allegedly characteristic signs of subdural and retinal haemorrhages is consistent with a triad of possible alternative explanations for shaken baby syndrome. This triad has emerged from an analysis of 98 …
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: Recent Advances and Future Development
Authors: Clare L. Scott, Elizabeth M. Swisher, Scott H. Kaufmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promising activity in epithelial ovarian cancers, especially relapsed platinum-sensitive high-grade serous disease. Consistent with preclinical studies, ovarian cancers and a number of other solid tumor types occurring in patients with deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 seem to be particularly sensitive. However, it is also becoming clear that germline BRCA1/2 mutations are neither necessary nor sufficient for patients to derive benefit from PARP inhibitors. We provide an update on PARP inhibitor clinical development, describe recent advances in our understanding of PARP inhibitor mechanism of action, and discuss current issues in the development of these agents.
Proteomic Identification of Urinary Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Paturi V. Rao, Xinfang Lu, Melissa Standley, Patrick Pattee, Gundupalle Neelima, Gudige Girisesh, K.V. Dakshinamurthy, Charles T. Roberts, Srinivasa R. Nagalla
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and, unless arrested, leads to end-stage renal disease. Current diagnosis consists of urine assays of microalbuminuria, which have inadequate specificity and sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used proteomic analyses to identify novel biomarkers of nephropathy in urine from type 2 diabetic patients with demonstrated normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria. Samples were analyzed by fluorescence two-dimensional (2-D) differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and protein identification was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS—2-D DIGE analysis of the urinary proteome in diabetes with nephropathy identified 195 protein spots representing 62 unique proteins. These proteins belonged to several functional groups, i.e., cell development, cell organization, defense response, metabolism, and signal transduction. Comparisons between control and diabetic subjects with different stages of renal dysfunction revealed the differential expression of several proteins. Spot volume quantification identified 7 proteins that were progressively upregulated with increasing albuminuria and 4 proteins that exhibited progressive downregulation. The majority of these potential candidate biomarkers were glycoproteins. CONCLUSIONS—These data demonstrate the ability of proteomic analyses to reveal potential biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy in urine, an important step forward in advancing accurate diagnosis and our understanding of disease mechanisms.
Myocardial Revascularization — Bypass Surgery or Angioplasty?
Authors: Maarten L. Simoons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

N this issue of the Journal, the results of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI), a large clinical trial comparing coronaryartery bypass grafting (CABG) with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), are presented. 1BARI enrolled 1829 patients who were followed for an average of 5.4 years.The authors concluded that for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease and suitable anatomy who prefer to avoid major surgery, "angioplasty offers a reasonable alternative with an expectation of similar overall survival rates and survival rates free of Q-wave myocardial infarction."This carefully worded conclusion is similar to that derived from a recent meta-analysis of eight smaller trials with a total of 3371 patients with single-vessel coronary disease (732 patients) or multivessel disease (2639 patients) followed for 1 to 4.7 years. 2 Readers may interpret these collective data to mean that PTCA and CABG have equivalent outcomes.The choice of procedure for individual patients may then be based on other factors, such as shorter hospital stays and avoidance of major surgery with PTCA, or lower rates of subsequent procedures and recurrent angina after CABG. [1]2][3][4][5][6] But is such a simple conclusion acceptable?The aim of BARI was to determine whether an initial strategy of PTCA, as compared with CABG, compromises clinical outcome. 7 The primary end point was mortality at five years, which was found to be 13.7 percent for PTCA and 10.7 percent for CABG.The observed survival advantage at five years with CABG was 2.9 percentage points, with a 95 percent confidence interval of Ϫ 0.2 to 6.0. 1 Thus, the study did not establish with certainty that an initial strategy of PTCA is actually equivalent to CABG in patients with multivessel disease and clinically severe angina or objective evidence of ischemia.In fact, the confidence interval is consistent with the possibility that the survival rate with CABG may be superior by as much as 6 percentage points.Stated differently, the data are consistent with a 50 percent higher mortality rate with PTCA.Although not statistically significant, a somewhat higher mortality rate with PTCA was also reported in two other trials, the Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial (EAST) 5 and the Coronary Angioplasty versus Bypass Revascularization Investigation. 8Combining all available data, 1,2 my colleagues and I calculated the risk ratios for mortality to be 1.25 (95