tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distributions of birth weight in seven Dublin maternity units.
Authors: V M Dowding
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Differences in birthweight distribution among babies born to Dublin residents during one year in seven maternity units were analysed. Large differences were found between the hospitals. The evidence indicated that most of the difference was attributable to the differing socioeconomic profile of the mothers in the hospitals. The socioeconomic gradients shown by the hospitals in the proportions of babies weighing less than or equal to 2500 g, less than or equal to 3000 g, and 3001-4499 g diverged with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. Steepest gradients were found in hospitals where the socioeconomic disadvantage was greatest, and vice versa. The differences between the hospitals in the socioeconomic gradient of birthweight performance were tentatively ascribed to some sort of catchment area effect, which added to the disadvantage of the already most disadvantaged mothers. Differences in antenatal care and induction of labour between hospitals were not assessed but were thought unlikely to have made a major contribution to the differences in socioeconomic gradient.
FRACTURE THROUGH THE PELVIC RIM: REPORT OF A CASE, WITH SIMPLE METHOD OF TREATMENT
Authors: Henry Norris
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Fracture through the pelvic girdle is not common, and frequently proves fatal, owing to the shock and the accompanying visceral damage. The history, the usual physical signs, the use of the roentgen ray and the urine examination all make the diagnosis a simple one. The treatment is directed toward the immobilization of the point of fracture, while reduction is usually impossible. Until the method described below was employed, great difficulty was found in immobilizing the fracture with any degree of comfort to the patient. While on duty in France with Evacuation Hospital No. 1, Douglas P. Murphy, a member of the staff of the Rutherford Hospital, devised the treatment described here. It is so beautifully simple and effective that I think it should be more generally known. Jopson<sup>1</sup>of Philadelphia described it, giving due credit. Scudder<sup>2</sup>erroneously gives the credit to Jopson. The case reported here illustrates the
HUMAN IMMUNITY TO THE MENINGOCOCCUS
Authors: Irving Goldschneider, Emil C. Gotschlich, Malcolm S. Artenstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Results of the present study suggest that natural immunity to meningococcal disease is initiated, reinforced, and broadened by intermittent carriage of different strains of meningococci throughout life. In young adults, carriage of meningococci in the nasopharynx is an efficient process of immune sensitization. 92% of carriers of serogroup B, C, or Bo meningococci were found to develop increased titers of serum bactericidal activity to their own meningococcal isolate, and 87% developed bactericidal activity to heterologous strains of pathogenic meningococci. The rise in bactericidal titer occurred within 2 wk of onset of the carrier state, and was accompanied by an increase in titer of specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to meningococci. In early childhood, when few children have antibodies to pathogenic meningococci, active immunization seems to occur as a result of carriage of atypical, nonpathogenic strains. Immunity to systemic meningococcal infection among infants in the neonatal period is associated with the passive transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus. The antigenic determinants which initiate the immune response to meningococci include the group-specific C polysaccharide, cross-reactive antigens, and type-specific antigens.
Silencing β3 Integrin by Targeted ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles Inhibits EMT and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jenny G. Parvani, Maneesh D. Gujrati, Margaret A. Mack, William P. Schiemann, Zheng-Rong Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subcategory of breast cancer and currently lacks well-defined molecular targets for effective targeted therapies. Disease relapse, metastasis, and drug resistance render standard chemotherapy ineffective in the treatment of TNBC. Because previous studies coupled β3 integrin (ITGB3) to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, we exploited β3 integrin as a therapeutic target to treat TNBC by delivering β3 integrin siRNA via lipid ECO-based nanoparticles (ECO/siβ3). Treatment of TNBC cells with ECO/siβ3 was sufficient to effectively silence β3 integrin expression, attenuate TGFβ-mediated EMT and invasion, restore TGFβ-mediated cytostasis, and inhibit three-dimensional organoid growth. Modification of ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles with an RGD peptide via a PEG spacer enhanced siRNA uptake by post-EMT cells. Intravenous injections of RGD-targeted ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles in vivo alleviated primary tumor burden and, more importantly, significantly inhibited metastasis. In the span of 16 weeks of the experiments and observations, including primary tumor resection at week 9 and release from the treatment for 4 weeks, the mice bearing orthotopic, TGFβ-prestimulated MDA-MB-231 tumors that were treated with RGD-targeted ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles were free of metastases and relapse, in comparison with untreated mice. Collectively, these results highlight ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic regimen to combat TNBC. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2316–25. ©2015 AACR.
A sclerosing hemangioma of the liver
Authors: Ji Soo Song, Yo Na Kim, Woo Sung Moon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Sclerosing hemangioma of the liver is an unusual tumor type. Because of its rarity and atypical radiologic findings, sclerosing hemangiomas can be difficult to distinguish from other lesions such as hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastasis, and organized abscesses. In this issue, we present a case consisting of both hepatic sclerosing hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma in a 63-year-old woman and discuss the histopathologic findings.
TCT-337 Triple Antithrombotic Therapy After PCI:4-years FU
Authors: Roberto Del Castillo, Adriana De la Rosa Riestra, Ester Canovas Rodriguez, Alfonso Freites Esteves, Javier Alonso Bello, Pablo Salinas, Lorenzo Hernando Marrupe, Javier Botas Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Opposite regulation of human versus mouse apolipoprotein A-I by fibrates in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice.
Authors: L Berthou, N Duverger, F Emmanuel, S Langouët, J Auwerx, A Guillouzo, J C Fruchart, E Rubin, P Denèfle, B Staels, D Branellec
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The regulation of liver apolipoprotein (apo) A-I gene expression by fibrates was studied in human apo A-I transgenic mice containing a human genomic DNA fragment driving apo A-I expression in liver. Treatment with fenofibrate (0.5% wt/wt) for 7 d increased plasma human apo A-I levels up to 750% and HDL-cholesterol levels up to 200% with a shift to larger particles. The increase in human apo A-I plasma levels was time and dose dependent and was already evident after 3 d at the highest dose (0.5% wt/wt) of fenofibrate. In contrast, plasma mouse apo A-I concentration was decreased after fenofibrate in nontransgenic mice. The increase in plasma human apo A-I levels after fenofibrate treatment was associated with a 97% increase in hepatic human apo A-I mRNA, whereas mouse apo A-I mRNA levels decreased to 51%. In nontransgenic mice, a similar down-regulation of hepatic apo A-I mRNA levels was observed. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the increase in human apo A-I and the decrease in mouse apo A-I gene expression after fenofibrate occurred at the transcriptional level. Since part of the effects of fibrates are mediated through the nuclear receptor PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), the expression of the acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) gene was measured as a control of PPAR activation. Both in transgenic and nontransgenic mice, fenofibrate induced ACO mRNA levels up to sixfold. When transgenic mice were treated with gemfibrozil (0.5% wt/wt) plasma human apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol levels increased 32 and 73%, respectively, above control levels. The weaker effect of this compound on human apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol levels correlated with a less pronounced impact on ACO mRNA levels (a threefold increase) suggesting that the level of induction of human apo A-I gene is related to the PPAR activating potency of the fibrate used. Treatment of human primary hepatocytes with fenofibric acid (500 microM) provoked an 83 and 50% increase in apo A-I secretion and mRNA levels, respectively, supporting that a direct action of fibrates on liver human apo A-I production leads to the observed increase in plasma apo A4 and HDL-cholesterol.
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecule expression is normal on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: W Hao, P Gladstone, S Engardt, C Greenbaum, J P Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Recent work from one laboratory has shown, in both nonobese diabetic mice and humans, an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and quantitative difference in MHC class I molecule expression. This reported decrease in MHC class I molecule expression is very controversial in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of IDDM, but to our knowledge, it has not been evaluated by another group in human IDDM. To evaluate this question, we studied 30 patients with IDDM and 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls. MHC class I molecule expression was measured by flow cytometry with conformational-dependent MHC class I mAbs. The mean antigen density of MHC class I molecule expression in IDDM vs. normal control is 454+/-34 vs. 440+/-28 for lymphocytes and 1,440+/-117 vs. 1,494+/- 117 for monocytes, both P > 0.05. Three conformational-dependent MHC class I antibodies showed consistent results. To estimate the biological variation of MHC class I molecule expression in normal controls, we also studied 10 age- and sex-matched normal control pairs. Using X +/-SD of the percentage difference of mean antigen density in the normal control pairs as our definition of normal, we found that 70% (21/30) of IDDM patients had normal, 13% (4/30) of IDDM patients had decreased, and 17% (5/30) of IDDM patients had increased MHC class I molecule expression on lymphocytes. All IDDM patients showed normal MHC class I expression on monocytes. In conclusion, we find that there is no consistent decrease in MHC class I molecule expression on either lymphocytes or monocytes from patients with IDDM. The MHC class I molecule expression observed in IDDM patients is largely within the expected biological variation of MHC class I molecule expression that has been observed in normal controls.
Early Effect of PI3K-AKT-MTOR Blockade On in Vitro 18F-FDG Uptake in HER2+ Breast Cancer Resistant to Trastuzumab
Authors: Y. Dockx, C. Vangestel, S. Staelens, T. Van den Wyngaert, M. Huizing, S. Stroobants
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
PROLONGED FEVERS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN.
Authors: R. B. PREBLE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

There are a considerable number of organisms that normally, or at least frequently, cause prolonged fevers, which may be called obscure, only when the localization of the organism is unusual, or the disease appears in portions of the country in which the disease is exceptional. For example, the tubercle bacillus is a common cause of long-continued fevers, but the nature of the disease is usually manifest; the malarial organisms cause cases of prolonged fevers of obscure origin in portions of the country where malaria is not endemic. It is not my intention to consider these cases, nor do I plan to mention such obscure conditions as the chronic recurrent fever (Ebstein), commonly called pseudoleukemia, but to limit this paper to that very common and wonderfully polymorphous disease or group of diseases which Leube so aptly calls "kryptogenetic sepsis." Sepsis is too commonly considered a condition within the exclusive province of
Photodynamic therapy with meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin for basal cell carcinoma: a phase I/II study
Authors: P. Baas, A.E. Saarnak, H. Oppelaar, H. Neering, F.A. Stewart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a convenient and effective method of treating small superficial tumours. New second-generation photosensitizers offer some advantages over first-generation sensitizers such as haematoporphyrin derivatives. Objectives To define the optimal treatment parameters (drug dose, light dose and time interval) using meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) as a photosensitizer in patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Methods Light of 652 nm (100 mW cm−2) was used for illuminating different tumours (n = 187) with light doses of 5–15 J cm−2. Following an intravenous injection of 0·1 mg kg−1 mTHPC each patient (n = 5) was illuminated on 4 consecutive days. Each day at least three BCCs per patient were treated with PDT. Results Response evaluation at 6, 12 and 18 months showed maximum responses for illumination with 10 or 15 J cm−2 on days 1 or 2 after injection (86% complete responses). Normal tissue reactions (oedema and erythema) around the treatment site were more severe on day 1 than after longer intervals. Conclusions mTHPC is a very effective photosensitizer; short illumination times can result in long-term cures with good cosmetic healing and with skin phototoxicity of short duration.
Pulmonary vascular disease in transposition of the great vessels and intact ventricular septum.
Authors: E A Newfeld, M H Paul, A J Muster, F S Idriss
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Eight of 135 (6%) children with d-transposition of the great vessels and with intact ventricular septum and no patent ductus arteriosus had evidence of progressive pulmonary vascular disease. Seven of 101 (7%) patients for whom histologic data was available, had Heath-Edwards grades IV or V pulmonary vascular disease, six had grade II, and 88 had either normal or grade I findings. One of 34 patients for whom histologic data was not available had hemodynamic evidence of pulmonary vascular disease at cardiac catheterization after the Mustard operation. When infants younger than 3 months old were excluded, eight of 85 (9%) had advanced pulmonary vascular disease. Twenty-three patients had microthrombi in their pulmonary arteries and arterioles, and in one patient thrombi were observed before the development of pulmonary vascular disease. Clinically unrecognized pulmonary microthrombi are suggested as a possible etiologic agent in the development of pulmonary vascular disease in patients with transposition of the great vessels. Progressive pulmonary vascular disease can first be discovered after the Mustard operation, even in patients without preoperative evidence of pulmonary hypertension or elevated pulmonary vascular resistance.
Results of high-dose imatinib mesylate in intermediate Sokal risk chronic myeloid leukemia patients in early chronic phase: a phase 2 trial of the GIMEMA CML Working Party
Authors: Fausto Castagnetti, Francesca Palandri, Marilina Amabile, Nicoletta Testoni, Simona Luatti, Simona Soverini, Ilaria Iacobucci, Massimo Breccia, Giovanna Rege Cambrin, Fabio Stagno, Giorgina Specchia, Piero Galieni, Franco Iuliano, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Giuliana Alimena, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Baccarani, Gianantonio Rosti
Journal: Blood (2009)
Laboratory Capacity Building in Asia for Infectious Disease Research: Experiences from the South East Asia Infectious Disease Clinical Research Network (SEAICRN)
Authors: Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Pilaipan Puthavathana, Ngoc My Nghiem, H. Rogier van Doorn, Trung Vu Nguyen, Hung Viet Pham, Decy Subekti, Syahrial Harun, Suhud Malik, Janet Robinson, Motiur Rahman, Walter Taylor, Niklas Lindegardh, Steve Wignall, Jeremy J. Farrar, Menno D. de Jong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches
Value of beat-to-beat blood pressure changes, detected by pulse transit time, in the management of the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: DJ Pitson, None Stradling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Two important aspects of a respiratory sleep study are a measure of inspiratory effort and an estimate of the number of arousals. These can be derived from an indirect estimate of beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), pulse transit time (PTT). This study investigated the reproducibility of inspiratory BP falls (reflecting inspiratory effort), and BP arousals derived from PTT, and the contribution they could make to the management of the obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Overnight PTT was recorded at home in 40 patients being investigated for OSAHS, and a second PTT recording was made in the sleep laboratory with full polysomnography. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of their sleep disorder, and a third PTT recording was made at home in 13 patients subsequently established on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The reproducibility between the home and laboratory studies was reasonable (r=0.87 for inspiratory BP falls, r=0.81 for BP arousals). Both derivatives showed a clear progression through the three patient groups, which returned to normal on treatment. The differences between the groups were significant (p&lt;0.001 for inspiratory BP falls, p=0.0014 for BP arousals). Receiver operator characteristic curves, used to compare polysomnography variables and PTT variables, confirmed that the PTT variables were as good as apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), &gt;4% arterial oxygen saturation dip rate and electroencephalography micro-arousals at dividing patients into two groups, either requiring nasal CPAP or not requiring CPAP. Pulse transit time can provide a noninvasive estimate of inspiratory effort and a measure of arousals that together document disease severity and response to treatment and may be useful in managing obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Apparent increase in autism in children has stopped, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The apparent increase in the number of children with autism has levelled out after peaking in 1992, reports a UK cohort study published last week. The results show that the rise in the number of cases reported previously may have been due to greater awareness of autism and to changes in diagnostic criteria, and the plateau in the prevalence of autism provides further evidence against an association with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination ( Archive of Diseases of Childhood 2003;88:666-70).

The cohort study of 567 children in five districts in northeast London who were born between 1979 and 1998 and who were given a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder showed …
Bring back post-nominals
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Dear Editor,

Catching up with my back numbers (I have a pile of unopened BMJ s in the dining room) I was shocked to find in your issue of 4 April 1992 that letters like MB, MD, or FRCP will no longer appear after authors' names. You said: “The eagle-eyed will notice various small changes in this week's journal.” Indeed we have, and may I be the first to protest.

Alert readers realised something …
Cadavers as teachers: the dissecting room experience in Thailand
Authors: Andreas Winkelmann, Fritz H Güldner
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Thailand's approach to body donors offers a good model for resolving the ethical difficulties associated with student dissection Anatomical dissection is a time honoured part of medical education.Nevertheless, just as the use of human tissue for research has become controversial, 1 the use of human cadavers for teaching purposes is surrounded by ethical uncertainties. [2]3][4] McLachlan and colleagues cited ethical problems as one of their reasons for abandoning anatomical dissection altogether in the newly founded Peninsula Medical School in Plymouth. 5t the heart of such uncertainties lies the ambiguous status of the cadaver, which carries at the same time personal and material qualities.This ambiguity is not easily resolved, which explains why the dissecting room experience can be frightening and fascinating.In this paper, we look to Thailand for a refreshing view on this issue.On the basis of personal experience, mainly from working at Naresuan University in Phitsanulok, central Thailand, we describe how a Thai medical school handles anatomical dissection quite differently from what we (as Europeans) were accustomed to.Although our findings can be largely generalised to the whole of Thailand, we cannot speak for other Buddhist countries.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters5 June 2012Cardiovascular Mortality in Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure TreatmentThomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDFrom Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In 1980, the Coronary Drug Project (1) showed that among patients assigned to placebo, those who faithfully (at least 80% of the time) took the lactose placebo had a roughly 50% reduction in death compared with those who took the pill less faithfully. The authors note “the serious difficulty, if not impossibility, of evaluating treatment efficacy in subgroups determined by patient ... adherence ....” Adherent patients seem different from nonadherent patients in ways that are difficult to characterize.Campos-Rodriguez and colleagues (2) compared cardiovascular mortality rates in women “with OSA [obstructive sleep apnea] [who] were classified as ...References1. Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the coronary drug project. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:1038-41. [PMID: 6999345] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Campos-Rodriguez F, Martinez-Garcia MA, de la Cruz-Moron I, Almeida-Gonzalez C, Catalan-Serra P, Montserrat JM. Cardiovascular mortality in women with obstructive sleep apnea with or without continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:115-22. [PMID: 22250142] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCardiovascular Mortality in Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Francisco Campos-Rodriguez , Miguel A. Martinez-Garcia , Ines de la Cruz-Moron , Carmen Almeida-Gonzalez , Pablo Catalan-Serra , and Josep M. Montserrat Cardiovascular Mortality in Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea With or Without Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Francisco Campos-Rodriguez and Miguel A. Martinez-Garcia Metrics 5 June 2012Volume 156, Issue 11Page: 838KeywordsConflicts of interestContinuous positive airway pressureDeath ratesDrugsLactoseSleep apnea ePublished: 5 June 2012 Issue Published: 5 June 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Vesiculopustular Eruption With Mycoplasma Infection
Authors: Joel A. Teisch
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A widespread vesiculopustular eruption, initially resembling chickenpox, but evolving differently, associated with a febrile upper-respiratory tract illness which lasted two weeks developed in a 27-year-old man. A 16-fold rise in complement-fixation titer for<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>between the seventh and 15th day of his illness suggested the cause of the disease.