tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A poor start for the Health Education Authority.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Peripheral artery disease impairs walking and physical activity, resulting in further loss of skeletal muscle. However, peripheral artery disease can be treated with endovascular treatment. The thigh muscle has been shown to correlate with systemic skeletal muscle volume. We assessed the changes in the metabolism of apolipoproteins A1 and B, blood glucose, and thigh muscle mass after endovascular treatment in above-the-knee peripheral artery disease where vessels supply the thigh muscle. Mid-thigh muscle volume was measured with computed tomography before and at 6 months after endovascular treatment. Apolipoproteins A1 and B, fasting blood glucose, post-load (75 g oral glucose tolerance test) 2 h-blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured concomitantly. The relationships between changes in apolipoproteins A1, apolipoproteins B, blood glucose, post-oral glucose tolerance test 2 h-blood glucose, Rutherford classification, and gain or loss of thigh muscle were investigated. Thigh muscle mass did not correlate with changes in apolipoproteins A1, B, fasting glucose, post-oral glucose tolerance test 2 h-blood glucose, HbA1c, and Rutherford classification. Among patients with muscle gain post-endovascular treatment, apolipoproteins A1 increased significantly, while apolipoproteins B levels were similar. Post-oral glucose tolerance test 2 h-blood glucose levels decreased. Preferable metabolic changes were observed in patients with skeletal muscle gain contrasted with muscle loss.
Giant Diverticulum of the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: Anthony J. Marano, A.L. Loomis Bell, Charles F. Begg, Hugh F. Fitzpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ALTHOUGH DIVERTICULA of the small intestine commonly reach a diameter of several centimeters, it is rare for those involving the colon to reach a size greater than 1 to 2 cm in diameter.<sup>1</sup>A small number of true giant diverticula of the large bowel, however, have been reported in the literature.<sup>2-6</sup>All of these cases involved the sigmoid colon, with diverticula ranging from 10 to 25 cm in diameter, and were associated with smaller adjacent diverticula. A definite communication between the cyst and lumen of the bowel could be demonstrated in four of the five cases, but was large enough to permit barium filling on roentgenologic examination in only one patient. Duplications of the alimentary tract, which at times have been misnamed "giant diverticula," represent the main entity to be differentiated pathologically from true air-containing diverticula. The former are spherical or tubular structures which possess a well-developed smooth-muscle
England to start national bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A national screening programme for bowel cancer will be introduced in England from April 2006, the health secretary, John Reid, announced last week.

The government first announced its aim to introduce bowel cancer screening in the NHS plan in 2000. Pilots of a screening method based on looking for blood in stools then began in test sites in 2001, as a result of evidence that using this method could cut the death rate from bowel cancer by 15%. Two methods of screening were piloted—faecal occult blood testing, which looks …
Legalisation would be likely to result in increased use
Authors: E. A Voth
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—I strongly disagree with the numerous assertions by Richard Smith that legalising or decriminalising drugs is the answer to the drug problem.1 The first major misconception is that legalisation or decriminalisation would result in an overall decrease in the problems associated with drug use. As DuPont and I pointed out in our detailed consideration of drug policy, any reduction in the intensity of drug policy is likely to result in an increase in …
The Organization of the Missouri Board of Health; A Letter to the Governor by C. H. Hughes, M.D.
Authors: C. H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1897)

St. Louis, Mo., May 25, 1897. Hon. Lon. V. Stevens, Governor of Missouri: <h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —Yours of the 22d inst. is received. My idea about appointments on the State Board of Health from the standpoint of a chief executive acting for all the people would be that all interests should be represented in proper ratio. The preponderating interests should be the majority of the people through the medical men who represent them. Every lawfully recognized medical interest should have a place on the Board in proportion to ratio of population. The people who employ the regular medical methods of advanced modern medicine being preponderatingly ascendent, should have the majority. Regular modern medicine is in no sense a theoretic school of medicine, nor the "old school," nor allopathic school, as the homeopathists derisively term it. Its votaries administer treatment on the allopathic, contrapathic, homeopathic or any other principle. It is simply
Distinct role of endocytosis for Smad and non-Smad TGF-β signaling regulation in hepatocytes
Authors: Christoph Meyer, Patricio Godoy, Anastasia Bachmann, Yan Liu, David Barzan, Iryna Ilkavets, Patrick Maier, Carsten Herskind, Jan G. Hengstler, Steven Dooley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Marijuana and Heroin by Prescription?
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1979)

RECENTLY there has been an increased interest in research with two highly abused psychoactive drugs— marijuana and heroin. Neither drug is approved for marketing in this country, but both have been touted as medically useful or effective by the lay press. <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Early research with marijuana and its components (particularly tetrahydrocannabinol) has been promising. This development, combined with effective lobbying efforts, has persuaded some states to pass laws whose avowed purpose is the facilitation of research and treatment with those substances. These laws contain terminology that is an amalgam of research and treatment and permit prescription use under various conditions. Four states (New Mexico, Florida, Illinois, and Louisiana) have enacted such legislation. Press articles concerning these laws present a misconception that marijuana is now available as a prescription drug in those states and should be in others. Further, the stamp of legitimacy placed on marijuana by the passage of such
New anti-smoking campaign adopts shock tactics
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A hard hitting new government campaign warning about the “hidden dangers” of smoking may not be effective in targeting all smokers and should be used alongside other measures, say public health experts.

The campaign, launched this week by the Department of Health, includes a new TV advert featuring a tumour growing on a cigarette as it is smoked, which is designed to make the invisible damage caused by cigarettes visible. The government estimates that around 365 000 people will attempt to quit as a result of the campaign.

But public health experts said the shock tactics will benefit some more than others and called for other initiatives, such as standardised packaging of tobacco products and funding for smoking cessation schemes.

John Middleton, vice president of the Faculty of Public Health, said: “FPH welcomes this focus on the dangers of smoking as part of a broader strategy that it believes should …
A Theory of Addiction as an Artificially Induced Drive
Authors: NILS BEJEROT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author advances the hypothesis that while drug abuse may be a symptom of psychological or social disturbances, when addiction supervenes it is no longer a symptom but a morbid condition of its own; its development will not be affected by removal of the initiating factors. Addiction has the strength and character of a natural drive: it may be considered as an artificially induced drive developed through chemical stimulation of the pleasure center. The author observes that addiction occurs spontaneously among insects and can easily be induced in other animals.
Regarding the Effect of the Saline Ingredients of the Blood on the Contraction of the Heart
Authors: S. Ringer
Journal: BMJ (1885)

wish to avoid confusion of thought and speech, surely, if we wish to repre that noedles ever-changing nomenclature, that substitution of words for ideas, that reproduction of old thoughts disguised under freshly furbished raiment, which in knowledge 50 often begets move- ment without progress, we shall make sure that the name given shall be based on some physical characteristic of the thing named; so that, whilst theories of its nature may change, the name bestowed upon it, and by which it becomes everywhere and by everyone understood, remains unchanged.Now, my contention is, that our answers to all these questions should be in the affirmative.I contend that there is a general assemblage of pathological conditions upon whieh we mav bestow the generic term phthisis; that included in this term are subsidiary groups of states, which, differing each from the other in some essential points of their patholgical and clinical history, demand separate re- cognition; anid that, in naming them, we should have exclusive regard, not to the ephemeral theories of their nature, but to the abiding facts of their physical constitution.Guided by these considerations, I regard the ultimate condition of the lung invaded, altered, consolidated, and excavated by fibroid ma- terial, as a phthisis; and, seeing that the most obvious and unvary- ing fact in its physical constitution is the presence andl action of this very fibroid substance, I am bold enougIh to call it fibroid phthisis.This boldness will doubtless call down upon me a storm of reproba-
Reactivity of Antinuclear Factors with DNA-Nucleoproteins
Authors: P. J. Lachmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

AF AbuRahma, JH Khan, PA Robinson, et al.. Prospective randomized trial of carotid endarterectomy with primary closure and patch angioplasty with saphenous vein, jugular vein, and polytetrafluoroethylene: perioperative (30-day) results. J Vasc Surg. 1996 Dec;24:998–1007.
Hypercalcitoninemia, Pheochromocytoma, and C-Cell Hyperplasia
Authors: Madhira D. Ram
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN 1961, Sipple<sup>1</sup>reported an increased incidence of carcinoma of the thyroid in patients with pheochromocytoma and noted that this association was 14 times greater than in the general population. However, it was apparently not appreciated by Sipple that the carcinoma was of the medullary type. In 1962, it was reported that parathyroid adenomas also occur with some degree of frequency in this syndrome. Williams<sup>2</sup>reviewed the pathologic characteristics of the thyroid carcinomas and found that they were all of the medullary variety. Since then, Sipple's syndrome has been recognized as a form of multiple endocrine adenopathy, and in the last few years, other features, eg, familial incidence, carcinoid syndrome, mucosal neuromas, marfanoid habitus, megacolon, and Cushing's syndrome, have all been reported. We report a new variant of Sipple's syndrome in which the patient had a pheochromocytoma, hypercalcitoninemia, and C-cell hyperplasia. We believe this to be the first
Regulation by intracellular glutathione of TNF‐α‐induced p38 MAP kinase activation and RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells
Authors: S. Hashimoto, Y. Gon, K. Matsumoto, I. Takeshita, Y. Asai, Y. Asai, T. Machino, T. Horie
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Conclusions: These results indicated that TNF‐α‐induced p38 MAP kinase activation and p38 MAP kinase‐mediated RANTES production by human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells are inversely regulated by intracellular GSH levels.
The clinical application of the tunable dye laser in dermatology
Authors: J.A. Cotterill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article The clinical application of the tunable dye laser in dermatology Get access J.A. Cotterill J.A. Cotterill Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 26–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05247.x Published: 01 July 1984
Robust ZFN-mediated genome editing in adult hemophilic mice
Authors: Xavier M. Anguela, Rajiv Sharma, Yannick Doyon, Jeffrey C. Miller, Hojun Li, Virginia Haurigot, Michelle E. Rohde, Sunnie Y. Wong, Robert J. Davidson, Shangzhen Zhou, Philip D. Gregory, Michael C. Holmes, Katherine A. High
Journal: Blood (2013)
Morphometric studies in rectal biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis: effect of oral 5 amino salicylic acid and rectal prednisolone treatment.
Authors: A M Zaitoun, I Cobden, H al Mardini, C O Record
Journal: Gut (1991)

Morphometric measurements were performed on rectal biopsy specimens from 10 normal control subjects and 33 patients with a relapse of distal ulcerative colitis before and after treatment for four weeks in a double blind controlled trial with oral eudragit S coated 5 amino salicylic acid (n = 12) or rectal prednisolone enemas (n = 15). Measurements were assessed using a computer aided measuring system and a counting technique. When untreated patients were compared with the control group there were significant decreases in the area and height of the surface epithelium, in the area of crypt epithelium, and in the ratios of goblet cells to epithelial cells and of surface epithelium to lamina propria. The vascular and lamina propria areas and the number of intraepithelial polymorphs were increased. Treatment with 5 amino salicylic acid and corticosteroids resulted in similar morphological improvements: there was an increase in the area and height of the surface epithelium and the ratios of surface epithelium to lamina propria and of surface to crypt cell height. The ratio of goblet cells to epithelial cells also increased after treatment, while the numbers of polymorphs in the surface and crypt epithelium and lumen decreased. In conclusion, computerised morphometry is valuable for the assessment of the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis and that in the doses used both treatments were of similar efficacy.
ALLHAT: Setting the Record Straight
Authors: Barry R. Davis, Curt D. Furberg, Jackson T. Wright, Jeffrey A. Cutler, Paul Whelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

The findings of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) have generated worldwide reaction from clinicians and researchers, including a recent commentary in this journal. Such response was expected for a trial of ALLHAT's size and scope, especially since its results challenged some widely held beliefs. This paper reviews key aspects of the ALLHAT design, analyses, findings, and conclusions to provide a perspective on the commentary about the trial's results and implications for clinical practice. Several of the most frequent comments regarding the study's results are addressed, particularly with respect to heart failure and diabetes outcomes. Responses to these comments reinforce the investigators' original conclusion that thiazide-type diuretics should remain the preferred first-step drug class for treating hypertension and should generally be a part of any multidrug regimen.
β-Adrenergic Receptors in Pediatric Tumors: Uncoupled β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-Adrenergic Receptor in Ewing's Sarcoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Jeffrey Burdsall, Linda Workman, Bryan Hollinger, John Neely
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Journal Article β-Adrenergic Receptors in Pediatric Tumors: Uncoupled β1-Adrenergic Receptor in Ewing's Sarcoma Get access Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Jeffrey A. Whitsett 5 5Address reprint requests to Dr. Whitsett, the Newborn Division of Pediatrics, Medical Science Building, Room 6210, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Bethesda Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45267. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeffrey Burdsall, Jeffrey Burdsall Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Linda Workman, Linda Workman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bryan Hollinger, Bryan Hollinger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Neely John Neely Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 71, Issue 4, October 1983, Pages 779–786, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/71.4.779 Published: 01 October 1983 Article history Received: 29 November 1982 Accepted: 24 May 1983 Published: 01 October 1983
Screening for Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Samuel J. Mann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993Screening for Renovascular HypertensionSamuel J. Mann, MD and Thomas G. Pickering, MDSamuel J. Mann, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Thomas G. Pickering, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Two of our previous studies [1, 2] relate to Dr. Ruttimann and colleagues' interesting suggestion that smokers have a higher baseline renin value and an increased renin reactivity to captopril. First, we showed that smokers (also defined as persons who smoke 20 or more cigarettes per day) who are matched to nonsmokers for age, gender, and race had the same plasma renin activity values as nonsmokers [1]. In our recent second study, we showed that the bulk of false-positive captopril tests arise in patients whose baseline plasma renin activity value is elevated [2]. In contrast, among patients with ...References1. Mann SJ, James GD, Wang RS, Pickering TG. Elevation of ambulatory systolic blood pressure in hypertensive smokers. JAMA. 1991; 265:2226-8. Google Scholar2. Gerber LM, Mann SJ, Alderman MH, Pickering TG, Sealey JE, Muller FB. High specificity of the captopril test in all but high renin patients (Abstract). Am J Hypertens. 1992; 5:131A. Google Scholar3. Elmore JR, Ray FS, Dillihunt FC, Herbert WF. Renal failure and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Salvage by vascular reconstruction. Arch Surg. 1988; 123:610-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Simplified Captopril Test: An Effective Tool to Diagnose Renovascular Hypertension 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 905-906KeywordsAngioplastyPatientsPlasma renin activityRacial and ethnic issuesRenal diseasesRevascularizationSexual identitySodiumSpecificitySurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Public bodies should take more care in managing PFI contracts
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Public bodies in the NHS and elsewhere are not doing enough to ensure value for money in public finance initiative (PFI) contracts once they have been agreed, the backbench public accounts committee has declared.

PFI projects need better evaluation after contracts have been signed in order to maintain performance and value for money, concludes a report published by the committee this week.

Launching the committee's 42nd report, the Conservative chairman of the committee, Edward Leigh, complained: “Significant effort and expertise is deployed by public bodies in negotiating PFI contracts, but we are concerned that in some cases they seem to take their eye off the ball once the contract is set.” He added: “In too many cases value …
Abnormal plasma fibrinolysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and impaired endothelial fibrinolytic response in those complicated by vasculitis.
Authors: C S Lau, M McLaren, J Hanslip, M Kerr, J J Belch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--(a) To assess plasma fibrinolytic parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine whether there are differences between patients with RA alone and those with RA complicated by vasculitis. (b) To determine if patients with RA respond differently to venous occlusion compared with normal subjects and to assess whether such a response differs in patients with RA alone and those with rheumatoid vasculitis. (c) To determine the extent of vascular damage in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis and if this correlates with the levels of plasma fibrinolytic parameters. METHODS--Sixty three patients with RA (38 had RA only and 25 had evidence of rheumatoid vasculitis) were recruited. Plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA Ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, and factor VIII von Willebrand factor (vWF) were measured before and 10 minutes after venous occlusion. RESULTS--Patients with RA, with or without rheumatoid vasculitis, had higher baseline PAI levels than control subjects. The difference was statistically significant for patients with RA alone but was not statistically significant for patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. After venous occlusion, t-PA Ag levels increased significantly in normal subjects and patients with RA alone, but not in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. Plasma levels of vWF were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis than in normal subjects and those with RA alone. In patients with RA alone, baseline vWF correlated positively with t-PA Ag levels, whereas a negative correlation was found between these two parameters in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. A negative correlation between vWF and t-PA Ag levels after venous occlusion was also found in patients with rheumatoid vasculitis. CONCLUSIONS--Patients with rheumatoid vasculitis showed evidence of vascular damage with increased levels of vWF and impaired t-PA Ag release after venous occlusion, a useful measurement of endothelial reserve to remove fibrin. This may be of pathophysiological importance in the development of vasculitis in these patients.