tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do interventions that improve immunisation uptake also reduce social inequalities in uptake?
Authors: R. Reading, A. Colver, S. Openshaw, S. Jarvis
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To investigate whether an intervention designed to improve overall immunisation uptake affected social inequalities in uptake.Cross-sectional small area analyses measuring immunisation uptake in cohorts of children before and after intervention. Small areas classified into five groups, from most deprived to most affluent, with Townsend deprivation score of census enumeration districts.County of Northumberland.All children born in country in four birth cohorts (1981-2, 1985-6, 1987-8, and 1990-1) and still resident at time of analysis.Overall uptake in each cohort of pertussis, diphtheria, and measles immunisation, difference in uptake between most deprived and most affluent areas, and odds ratio of uptake between deprived and affluent areas.Coverage for pertussis immunisation rose from 53.4% in first cohort to 91.1% in final cohort. Coverage in the most deprived areas was lower than in the most affluent areas by 4.7%, 8.7%, 10.2%, and 7.0% respectively in successive cohorts, corresponding to an increase in odds ratio of uptake between deprived and affluent areas from 1.2 to 1.6 to 1.9 to 2.3. Coverage for diphtheria immunisation rose from 70.0% to 93.8%; differences between deprived and affluent areas changed from 8.6% to 8.3% to 9.0% to 5.5%, corresponding to odds ratios of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 2.6. Coverage for measles immunisation rose from 52.5% to 91.4%; differences between deprived and affluent areas changed from 9.1% to 5.7% to 8.2% to 3.6%, corresponding to odds ratios of 1.4, 1.4, 1.7, and 1.5.Despite substantial increase in immunisation uptake, inequalities between deprived and affluent areas persisted or became wider. Any reduction in inequality occurred only after uptake in affluent areas approached 95%. Interventions that improve overall uptake of preventive measures are unlikely to reduce social inequalities in uptake.
Governments call on WHO to improve cholera control
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Governments want the World Health Organization to take the lead on measures to control and prevent cholera, in response to the ongoing outbreak of the disease in Haiti.

At its meeting last week in Geneva WHO’s governing executive board said that cholera “is not being adequately addressed despite its prevalence in epidemic form in many areas.” Member states called on WHO’s head, Margaret Chan, to respond “expeditiously and effectively” to the needs of nations affected by or at risk of cholera outbreaks.

The board …
Lymph Chylomicron Formation during the Inhibition of Protein Synthesis. STUDIES OF CHYLOMICRON APOPROTEINS
Authors: R. M. Glickman, K. Kirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The effect of impaired intestinal protein synthesis on chylomicron apoprotein composition was studied in mesenteric lymph fistula rats. Lymph was obtained from animals with impaired protein synthesis given intraperitoneal acetoxycycloheximide (ACH), a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis. Lymph chylomicrons were then isolated by ultracentrifugation and purified on agarose columns. Purified chylomicrons from control and ACH-treated animals were delipidated, and their apoprotein pattern was examined on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels. Because we had previously demonstrated a markedly increased lymph chylomicron size during the inhibition of protein synthesis, it was first necessary to determine whether chylomicron apoprotein composition normally varied with chylomicron size. Chylomicrons of varying sizes were prepared by differential ultracentrifugation, and their apoprotein composition was determined densitometrically on SDS polyacrylamide gels. No significant difference in apoprotein composition was found normally with varying chylomicron size. In contrast, however, chylomicrons from ACH-treated animals showed a 50% decrease in a major apoprotein band with R(1) 0.67. Other chylomicron apoproteins were not decreased as a result of impaired protein synthesis, suggesting differing rates of synthesis of the various chylomicron apoproteins. In vivo incorporation studies of [(3)H]leucine into the various apoproteins of lymph chylomicrons demonstrated that this apoprotein (R(1) 0.67) had the most rapid synthesis rate and suggested that it seemed most affected by impaired intestinal protein synthesis. Immunologic studies indicated that this apoprotein was immunologically related to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and was present in chylomicrons isolated directly from small intestinal mucosa. These studies demonstrate that impaired intestimal protein synthesis is associated with a deficiency in one of the major chylomicron apoproteins and may in part explain the impaired lipid absorption seen during states of impaired protein synthesis.
Prognostic significance of combined analysis of ZAP‐70 and CD38 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Giovanni D'Arena, Michela Tarnani, Carlo Rumi, Tiziana Vaisitti, Semra Aydin, Rosaria De Filippi, Francesco Perrone, Antonio Pinto, Patrizia Chiusolo, Silvia Deaglio, Fabio Malavasi, Luca Laurenti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract The clinical heterogeneity that characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) poses critical questions concerning the identification of high risk patients. Unmutated IgV H genes, CD38 and ZAP‐70 expression have emerged as the most useful tools in identifying aggressive CLL. The simultaneous expression of ZAP‐70 and CD38 in 157 patients with CLL has been evaluated. Fifty‐seven patients (36%) were positive for ZAP‐70 and 46 patients (29%) were positive for CD38. Both molecules were highly correlated and predictive of the clinical course of the disease. According to the simultaneous evaluation of ZAP‐70 and CD38, patients were divided into three groups. In 81 patients (52%), there was a negative concordance of both molecules (ZAP‐70 − /CD38 − ); in 27 patients (17%) there was a positive concordance (ZAP‐70 + /CD38 + ); in 49 patients (31%) there was a discordant expression (ZAP‐70 + /CD38 − and ZAP‐70 − /CD38 + ). A comparison of the clinical and laboratory data showed in ZAP‐70 + /CD38 + patients a significantly higher bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytosis, lower hemoglobin levels, more advanced clinical stage, and higher number of unmutated IgV H status with respect to the other two groups. Furthermore, ZAP‐70 + /CD38 + patients displayed a much shorter treatment‐free interval (median 12 months vs 42 months in discordant patients and not reached in ZAP‐70 − CD38 − patients). These results prove that the concomitant evaluation of ZAP‐70 and CD38 expression allows the separation of CLL patients in prognostic subgroups and suggest that their simultaneous assessment should become an integral component of the CLL diagnostic grid. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Don't save the ball!
Authors: D M Macgregor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objectives: To identify, over a period of 12 months, all attendances at an accident and emergency department by children over the age of 5 years with an injury to a wrist, hand, or finger, and to examine those sustained as a result of a blow from a ball. Methods: The case notes of all children aged 6–13 years attending the Accident and Emergency Department of the Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital in the year 2001 as a result of a wrist, hand, or finger injury sustained from a blow by a ball were reviewed, and the cause, type, and severity of the injury noted. Results: A total of 187 children were identified; 69% were boys and football was the main sport involved. Most (93%) were radiographed, and 40% were positive; most fractures were sustained outwith school. Hand dominance was not significant. Conclusions: These injuries are common and may be preventable with modification of rules, equipment, and coaching. A register of youth sporting injuries may show if there are any detrimental long term effects.
Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-6 in Diffuse Large-cell Lymphoma
Authors: H. Alejandro Preti, Fernando Cabanillas, Moshe Talpaz, Susan L. Tucker, John F. Seymour, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Interleukin-6 has important lymphoid bioregulatory effects, and serum levels of interleukin-6 are often elevated in patients with lymphoma. Objective: To determine the relation between serum levels of interleukin-6 before treatment and outcome in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis with multivariate analysis. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Participants: 118 untreated patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma who were enrolled in frontline chemotherapy protocols and 45 healthy controls. Measurements: Serum levels of interleukin-6 were measured by using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels below the upper limit of the range for controls were considered normal. Outcomes were complete response, failure-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Serum levels of interleukin-6 were higher in patients with lymphoma (median, 4.6 pg/mL [range, undetectable to 224 pg/mL]) than in controls (median, undetectable [range, undetectable to 4.3 pg/mL]) (P = 0.009). The complete response rate was 95% for persons with normal interleukin-6 levels and 66% for persons with high interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.001). Patients with high interleukin-6 levels had inferior failure-free and overall survival rates (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The actuarial 4-year failure-free and overall survival rates were 72% and 85%, respectively, for persons with normal interleukin-6 levels and 37% and 46%, respectively, for persons with high interleukin-6 levels. In multivariate analysis, interleukin-6 was selected as the most significant predictor of complete response and failure-free survival. Failure-free and overall survival of patients stratified according to International Prognostic Index score could be further stratified by interleukin-6 level (P ≤ 0.03 for all comparisons). Conclusion: In patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma, serum interleukin-6 levels are an independent prognostic factor for complete response and failure-free survival.
Can We Treat Cancer for a Dollar a Day? Guidelines for Low-Income Countries
Authors: David J. Kerr, Rachel Midgley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In 2002, approximately 7.6 million people worldwide died of cancer. These deaths accounted for 13% of all deaths worldwide in that year and, perhaps surprisingly, exceeded the number of deaths from HIV–AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined (which totaled approximately 5.6 million). The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that if current trends continue, the global cancer burden will increase from 10 million new cases per year in 2000 to 16 million by 2020. Remarkably, 70% of these cases will be in the developing world, where the number will grow from 5.2 million annually to 8.8 million by 2020.1 Currently, a . . .
The Expression of Inflammatory Genes Is Upregulated in Peripheral Blood of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yulan Jin, Ashok Sharma, Colleen Carey, Diane Hopkins, Xiaoxiao Wang, David G. Robertson, Bruce Bode, Stephen W. Anderson, John Chip Reed, R. Dennis Steed, Leigh Steed, Jin-Xiong She
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression changes in diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGH AND METHODS: We performed high-throughput real-time RT-PCR to validate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a large sample set of 928 T1D patients and 922 control subjects.Of the 18 genes analyzed here, eight genes (S100A8, S100A9, MNDA, SELL, TGFB1, PSMB3, CD74, and IL12A) had higher expression and three genes (GNLY, PSMA4, and SMAD7) had lower expression in T1D patients compared with control subjects, indicating that genes involved in inflammation, immune regulation, and antigen processing and presentation are significantly altered in PBMCs from T1D patients. Furthermore, one adhesion molecule (SELL) and three inflammatory genes mainly expressed by myeloid cells (S100A8, S100A9, and MNDA) were significantly higher in T1D patients with complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3-2.6, adjusted P value = 0.005-10(-8)), especially those patients with neuropathy (OR 4.8-7.9, adjusted P value <0.005).These findings suggest that inflammatory mediators secreted mainly by myeloid cells are implicated in T1D and its complications.
Prednisolone retention in integrated liposomes by chemical approach and pharmaceutical approach
Authors: Mugen Teshima, Shigeru Kawakami, Koyo Nishida, Junzo Nakamura, Toshiyuki Sakaeda, Hideyuki Terazono, Takashi Kitahara, Mikiro Nakashima, Hitoshi Sasaki
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Amiodarone and Thyroid Function
Authors: Kishore J. Harjai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 October 1997Amiodarone and Thyroid FunctionKishore J. Harjai, MD and Angelo A. Licata, MD, PhDKishore J. Harjai, MDOchsner Medical Institutions; New Orleans, LA 70121Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author and Angelo A. Licata, MD, PhDOchsner Medical Institutions; New Orleans, LA 70121Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Biddle raises an appropriate question about the use of replacement therapy with triiodothyronine or triiodothyronine and thyroxine (rather than thyroxine alone) in patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, given that amiodarone inhibits peripheral deiodination of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. We know of no clinical studies that have used triiodothyronine or triiodothyronine and thyroxine in patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism.We do wish to point out that serum total and free triiodothyronine concentrations are within the normal range in about half of all patients, and serum thyroxine (total and free) concentrations are usually decreased in patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism [1]. Hence, this ...References1. Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Mariotti S, Bartalena L, Lenziardi M, Ceccarelli C, et al. Amiodarone iodine-induced hypothyroidism: risk factors and follow-up in 28 cases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987; 26:227-37. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ochsner Medical Institutions; New Orleans, LA 70121Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 653 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diagnostic Value of Plasma Levels of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: Kiyotaka Matsuo, Toshio Nishikimi, Chikao Yutani, Takashi Kurita, Wataru Shimizu, Atsushi Taguchi, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Kenji Kangawa, Makoto Takamiya, Katsuro Shimomura
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is characterized by local or diffuse wall motion abnormalities in the right ventricle (RV), associated with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) of RV origin. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was first isolated from a porcine brain extract. In humans, BNP is expressed predominantly in the ventricles of failing hearts, and its expression has been observed primarily in myocytes in the interstitial fibrous area in dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that BNP is increasingly secreted from the residual myocytes within the atrophic tissue in patients with ARVD. Methods and Results —Plasma BNP levels were measured in 17 patients with ARVD, 12 patients with idiopathic RV outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT), and 120 control subjects. We performed cardiac catheterization, RV endomyocardial biopsy, electron- beam CT, and biventricular endomyocardial mapping in the ARVD patients. There was a significant increase in plasma BNP levels in the ARVD patients compared with the RVOT patients and control subjects (61.4±59.6 pg/mL versus 8.3±5.5 pg/mL and 9.3±5.8 pg/mL; P &lt;0.0001, respectively). The plasma BNP levels had no correlation with any of the hemodynamic data, but they had a significant correlation with the RV ejection fraction ( r =−0.588, P =0.025) and with the fractionated-area scores ( r =0.705, P =0.005). Light microscopic immunohistochemistry showed strong BNP immunoreactivity in residual myocytes with fibrofatty replacement. Conclusions —These results suggest that plasma BNP levels were not increased in RVOT patients but were increased in ARVD patients, and that the increased BNP levels indicate the severity of both the RV dysfunction and the arrhythmogenic substrate.
464 CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSIS OF FIBROSING CHOLESTATIC HEPATITIS AFTER LIVER TRANPLANTATION IN A LARGE COHORT OF HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: T.M. Antonini, M. Sebagh, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, E. Teicher, B. Roche, D. Azoulay, R. Adam, D. Vittecoq, D. Castaing, D. Samuel, J.-C. Duclos-Vallee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
EZH2 Mutations in Follicular Lymphoma from Different Ethnic Groups and Associated Gene Expression Alterations
Authors: Shuangping Guo, John K.C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal, Timothy McKeithan, Kai Fu, Bin Meng, Yi Pan, Wah Cheuk, Donglan Luo, Ruian Wang, Weiwei Zhang, Timothy C. Greiner, Wing C. Chan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Gain-of-function mutations of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) occur frequently in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and in follicular lymphomas. However, the frequency of EZH2 mutation in Chinese follicular lymphomas and the potential targets affected by this mutation are unknown.We determined EZH2 codon 641 mutations in Chinese follicular lymphomas (n = 124) and compared them with Western follicular lymphomas (n = 70) using a sensitive pyrosequencing assay. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed to determine differential gene expression between the mutated versus unmutated subgroups, and selected genes were validated using immunohistochemistry.Our results showed similar frequencies of EZH2 codon 641 mutations in Chinese and Western follicular lymphoma cohorts (16.9% vs. 18.6%, χ(2) test, P = 0.773), including all five reported mutation variants. We observed significant association of EZH2 mutation with low morphologic grade follicular lymphomas (grade 1-2, 23.6% vs. grade 3, 7.7%, χ(2) test, P = 0.02). EZH2 mutations also showed significant association with BCL2 rearrangement in the Chinese cohort (26.8% vs. 8.8%, χ(2) test, P = 0.008) and combined cohorts (26.3% vs. 9.1%, χ(2) test, P = 0.002). GEP analysis identified several genes, including TCF4, FOXP1, TCL1A, BIK, and RASSF6P, with significantly lower mRNA expression (P < 0.01) in mutated cases, and the potential target TCL1A showed consistent results at the protein level.Similar prevalence of EZH2 mutation in two ethnic groups suggests shared pathogenetic mechanisms. The much lower frequency of EZH2 mutation in cases without BCL2 translocation suggests a different pattern of evolution of this subtype of follicular lymphoma. GEP studies showed a set of differentially expressed genes and suggested that EZH2 mutation may help to lock the tumor cells at the germinal center stage of differentiation.
312 PRAZOSIN AN ALPHA1 ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONIST PROTECTS LIVER FROM ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY AND EXPANDS THE PROGENITOR CELL POPULATION
Authors: J. Soeda, A. Mouralidarane, S. Ray, A.M. Diehl, J.A. Oben
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The effect of Ankaferd blood stopper on severe radiation colitis
Authors: E. Ozaslan, T. Purnak, A. Yildiz, T. Akar, U. Avcioglu, I. Haznedaroglu
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a standardized herbal extract obtained from five different plants Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), Vitis vinifera (grape), Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal), and Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) [1] [2] [3]. Here, we present the first case of successful ABS usage in the therapy of radiation colitis.
Fas-induced Pulmonary Apoptosis and Inflammation during Indirect Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Mario Perl, Chun-Shiang Chung, Ulrike Perl, Joanne Lomas-Neira, Monique de Paepe, William G. Cioffi, Alfred Ayala
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Indirect acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. No specific therapies have been developed, because the underlying pathophysiological processes remain elusive. To investigate the contribution of Fas-induced apoptotic and nonapoptotic/inflammatory signaling to the pathology of indirect ALI. A mouse model of indirect ALI, induced by successive exposure to hemorrhagic shock and cecal ligation and puncture, was used. Quantification of active caspase-3 and the short splice variant of FLICE-inhibitory protein, (FLIP)short, was performed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and cytokines/chemokines were assessed by cytometric bead array or ELISA. M30 immunostaining was done to evaluate epithelial cell apoptosis. Lung injury was assessed on the basis of myeloperoxidase activity, bronchoalveolar lavage protein, and lung histology. Twelve hours after insult, lung monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 were increased and FLIP(short) was decreased. Fas- and Fas ligand-deficient mice showed marked protection from lung inflammation and apoptosis and decreased ALI. This was associated with a 10-day survival benefit. Similarly, 4 hours after pulmonary instillation of Fas-activating antibody in vivo, lung chemokines were markedly elevated in background mice and, interestingly, to a similar degree in macrophage-deficient animals. Fas activation on lung epithelial cells in vitro led to chemokine production that was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Activation of apoptotic and nonapoptotic/inflammatory Fas signaling is an early important pathophysiological event in the development of indirect ALI after hemorrhagic shock and sepsis, in which lung epithelial cells appear to play a central role.
NIH Outlines Needs for Ongoing Care of Longer-Living Patients With HIV
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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