tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Male Primary Breast Cancer Found on FDG-PET/CT
Authors: James C. McEachen, Phillip H. Kuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a case of male primary breast cancer found incidentally on whole body FDG-PET/CT scanning with mammographic and histologic correlation. The relative lack of glandular activity in the male breast potentially increases the sensitivity of FDG-PET/CT for detection of male breast cancer. As in this case, even mild uptake in a male breast lesion should be regarded with suspicion. Although the incidental detection of breast masses on whole body FDG-PET/CT requires great vigilance, the modality provides both anatomic and physiologic data to help characterize primary breast cancer.
UK regulator is to take lighter approach to drug advertisements
Authors: E. Sukkar
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK regulator of medicines is going to take a “light touch” approach to the pre-publication vetting of material that advertises new drugs if drug companies have a good track record in complying with the law.

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) started to check that advertising material for all new drugs complied with the law before the advertising was launched—known as pre-vetting—after a recommendation by the House of Commons Select Committee in its landmark 2005 report on the influence of the industry.1

At the time the committee said that intensive marketing that encouraged inappropriate prescribing of drugs “must be curbed” and noted that 80% of drug advertising was aimed at doctors, with an increasing amount targeting nurses with new prescribing powers. 

June Raine, the MHRA’s director of vigilance and risk management of medicines, said that the regulator had given a commitment to continue to pre-vet advertising materials for all new drugs but that there was now some flexibility.

“The room for manoeuvre is to make [assessment times] shorter and more proportionate to risk if the company has an excellent compliance record,” she said. Instead of assessing many advertising pieces for these companies, …
Assessment of Macular Choroidal Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiographic Changes in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Pichai Jirarattanasopa, Sotaro Ooto, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Kenji Yamashiro, Masanori Hangai, Masaya Hirata, Akiko Matsumoto, Nagahisa Yoshimura
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Firefighting and Death from Cardiovascular Causes
Authors: Linda Rosenstock, Jorn Olsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Linda Rosenstock on firefighters' risk of death from cardiovascular causes. (05:50)Download Among the approximately 1.1 million firefighters in the United States (of whom about 70% are volunteers and 30% are paid career personnel), about 100 die each year in the line of duty.1 With the exception of 2001, when 344 firefighters died as a result of the events of September 11 at the World Trade Center in New York City, the number of deaths per year has stayed relatively steady, even though the number of structural fires in the United States has been steadily decreasing. Nearly half of the deaths that occur while firefighters are on duty are related to cardiovascular . . .
Substructure of intercellular junctions in freeze-fractured alveolar-capillary membranes of mouse lung.
Authors: E E Schneeberger, M J Karnovsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The purpose of this study was to examine by freeze-fracture the ultrastructure of intercellular junctions between mouse pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells, and to relate this fine structure to that deduced from previous physiological and ultrastructural studies using tracer techniques. Junctions between capillary endothelial cells consist of one to three interconnected rows of particles which show occasional discontinuities. Small gap junctions are associated with these rows of particles in the arteriolar end of the capillary bed. At the venular end, the junctions consist of low profile ridges on the protoplasmic fracture (PF) face or complimentary grooves on the exoplasmic fracture (EF) face some of which have a sparse number of associated particles. The vascular junctions are similar to those of vessels in rat omentum and mesentery, and resemble "leaky" junctions described in renal proximal convoluted tubular cells. Tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) between type I pneumocytes or between types I and II pneumocytes consist of a band of interconnecting ridges on the PF face and complimentary interconnecting grooves on the EF face. These continuous epithelial junctions have a structure that is typical of tight occluding junctions. Occasionally zonulae occludentes between type I and type II pneumocytes are discontinuous; this may be the result of cell translocation as pneumocytes are shed into the alveolus. Intravascular perfusion fixation at high pressure (140 cm H2O) had no discernible effect on the structure of endothelial or epithelial junctions. The appearance in our study of freeze-fractured pulmonary endothelial and epithelial junctions reveals clearly the physical basis for the results of ultrastructural tracer and physiological studies which have suggested that it is the alveolar epithelium rather than the endothelium that is the chief permeability barrier to small, water-soluble molecules.
Dr. Dobell's Paper at the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society
Authors: H. Dobell
Journal: BMJ (1874)

As the recent inaugural Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) 2.0 conference made clear, the effects of information communication technology (ICT) are pervasive in biomedical research. Data initiatives are arising in all corners of biomedicine. Data sharing efforts already promised to surpass even the ambitious goals of the National Human Genome Research Institute, only 5 years after publication of its 10-year vision. ELSI research was established, in part, to address challenges of open data access and data sharing. However, by and large, ELSI research projects address particular concerns of a given population, jurisdiction, type of research practice or type of data. This does not necessarily facilitate coherent data policy for sustainable data stewardship. Forward-looking, data friendly strategies need to be considered. Orchestration strategies are needed which overcome barriers to collective action. Here we present challenges policymakers face, and suggest three basics steps towards meeting them. First, policymakers must recognise the systematic change that occurs when ICT enables dataflow itself to become an organising principle of biomedical research. Second, methods for identifying and gathering types of metadata suitable for ELSI research ought to be developed and regulated. Third, policymakers need to organise in ways that mirror the new vision for data-enabled research that data technologies are making possible, as ELSI 2.0 encourages researchers to do. Taking these steps will help ensure research evolves in ways that warrants trust of the public while still supporting widespread ethical access to necessary data, research subjects, samples and findings.
REMARKS ON SERUMTHERAPY.
Authors: EDWARD K. DUNHAM
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I conceive it to be my function in this discussion to lay before you some of the theories advanced in explanation of the facts on which the practice of serumtherapy is based. It seems, at the present time, quite impossible to assign to any of these theories the value of well-established fundamental principles, but they are of use as working hypotheses which correlate numerous facts and enable the mind to include many details in a single general conception. It is through the employment of such general conceptions, suggestive in character, that experimental investigation is most easily furthered. They are a necessary part of the inductive method of exploring the unknown, but it is needless to say that the utmost caution must be exercised not to regard them as expressions of invariable natural relations until the most extended observation and experimentation have demonstrated that they possess this character. Only then can
Anaphylaxis during anesthesia: results of a 12‐year survey at a French pediatric center
Authors: C. Karila, D. Brunet‐Langot, F. Labbez, O. Jacqmarcq, C. Ponvert, J. Paupe, P. Scheinmann, J. de Blic
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Following adverse reactions to anesthesia, tests are carried out to determine the mechanism of the reaction and to identify the agent responsible. No specific data are available in France concerning such skin tests in children. Methods: Between 1989 and 2001, we assessed hypersensitivity reactions to general anesthesia in 68 children. Thirty underwent more than one operation, for congenital malformations. Immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated anaphylaxis was diagnosed on skin tests combined with the clinical history. Results: Grade I, II and III reactions were observed in 20, 27 and 21 children, respectively. IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis was diagnosed in 51 children: 31 (60.8%) for neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA), 14 (27%) for latex, seven (14%) for colloids, five (9%) for opioids and six (12%) for hypnotics. Vecuronium was the NMBA causing the largest number of reactions. Cross reactivity to NMBA available in France was observed in 23 of 30 children (76%), particularly for vecuronium and atracurium or pancuronium. The estimated frequency of IgE mediated anaphylactic reactions was one in 2100 operations. Based on our results, 25 children subsequently received a different anesthetic with no adverse reaction. Conclusions: As in adults, NMBA, then latex were responsible for most anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia. Our results confirm that skin tests with anesthetic agents are feasible and safe in children and improve the safety of subsequent anesthetic procedures.
Power cut to hospitals in Gaza for 8-12 hours a day
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The economic and humanitarian situation in Gaza is worse now than at any time since Israel occupied the area in 1967, claims a report by eight leading charities that calls for direct negotiations with Hamas and an end to Israel’s “blockade policy.”

The report was published on the day a seminary in Jerusalem was attacked, killing eight people. Early reports suggested the killer acted alone, but later several Palestinian and Lebanese organisations claimed responsibility, including Hamas.

The report also followed two incursions by Israeli armed forces into Gaza that killed about 120 people. One Israeli air attack last week destroyed a clinic and medical equipment maintained in Gaza city by Oxfam, one of the charities that compiled the report.

The charities’ report about conditions in Gaza said that hospitals are without electricity, and the number of patients allowed to leave Gaza for treatment has steadily declined. The other charities that compiled the report were Amnesty International, Save the Children UK, Care International UK, Christian Aid, the Catholic Agency for Overseas Development, Medecins du Monde UK, and the Irish development charity Trocaire.

“The Gaza …
Carlos Finlay, Cuban Physician
Authors: Enrique Huertas
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is with pleasure that I write in my capacity as president of the Cuban Medical Association in Exile to thank you for what you have published in your Dec 12, 1966, issue about the great Cuban scientist and physician Carlos J. Finlay. We have enjoyed reading the essay about Dr. Finlay which appears in that issue and want to express again our sincere gratitude as Cubans and as doctors for its publication. We take advantage of this occasion to send you and all the members of the American Medical Association and<i>JAMA</i>our best wishes for a successful 1967.
Andrew James Stanford
Authors: M. Stanford, J. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Andrew James Stanford’s early career was very varied and completely different from the regulated pathways that have to be followed now. Born in Sutton on Hull, he studied medicine at Kings College, London, where he also gained his associateship or Associate of King’s College (AKC) qualification. He spent time in Nigeria during the Biafran crisis. He then undertook house jobs in London, after which he worked his passage on a ship to Australia, during which time he also acquired his steerage certificate. Andrew worked as a general practitioner in Werribee; then he joined his brother as medical adviser …
202 CIRRHOSIS IS A MAJOR PROGNOSTIC FACTOR OF SURVIVAL DIALYZED PATIENTS: THE NEPHRONORD NETWORK STUDY
Authors: H. Castel, S. Bellati, M. Hazzan, C. Noel, S. Dharancy, F. Wartel, A. Louvet, V. Canva, P. Deltenre, M. El Nady, V. Lemaître, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The performance of BRCA1 immunohistochemistry for detecting germline, somatic, and epigenetic BRCA1 loss in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: J.L. Meisel, D.M. Hyman, K. Garg, Q. Zhou, F. Dao, M. Bisogna, J. Gao, N.D. Schultz, R.N. Grisham, M. Phillips, A. Iasonos, N.D. Kauff, D.A. Levine, R.A. Soslow, D.R. Spriggs
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The mechanisms of cytotoxicity of urethane dimethacrylate to Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Hsiao-Hua Chang, Mei-Chi Chang, Li-Deh Lin, Jang-Jaer Lee, Tong-Mei Wang, Chun-Hsun Huang, Ting-Ting Yang, Hsueh-Jen Lin, Jiiang-Huei Jeng
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
OP11 * ATYPICAL MENINGIOMA: IS ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY NECESSARY?
Authors: M. Waqar, M. Javadpour, G. M. V. Barbagallo, R. McManus, F. Certo, M. D. Jenkinson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: WHO grade II meningiomas have a greater propensity to recur than benign meningioma and the benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy are unclear. Existing studies report conflicting results. This study evaluated the role of early adjuvant radiotherapy following gross total resection of atypical meningioma. METHOD: Triple centre case-note review of adults with WHO grade II meningioma (2007 classification) diagnosed between 2001-2010. Multiple meningioma, NF2 and radiotherapy-induced meningioma were excluded. Extent of resection was defined as gross total resection (GTR: Simpson I-III) or subtotal resection (STR: Simpson IV-V). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: 136 patients were identified; median age 62 years (22-86) and median follow-up 57.3 months (0.1-152.2). Tumours were mostly located in the convexity (50.0%) or falcine/parasagittal regions (27.2%). Institutional differences in overall survival (OS) (log-rank = 1.33, p = 0.514) and progression-free survival (PFS) (log-rank = 0.478, p = 0.788) were not significant. GTR (achieved in 84.6%) was associated with longer PFS (5-year PFS 80.7% vs. 41.8%, log-rank = 9.334, p = 0.002) and a trend towards longer OS (5-year OS 76.1% vs. 40.4%, log-rank = 3.087, p = 0.079). After GTR, 29.6% received adjuvant radiotherapy, which did not improve OS (5-year OS 77% vs. 74%, Breslow's test = 0.312, p = 0.577) or PFS (5-year PFS 82 vs. 78%, Breslow's test = 0.804, p = 0.370). CONCLUSION: Extent of resection is an important prognostic variable. Adjuvant radiotherapy did not improve PFS or OS following gross total resection of atypical meningioma. Prospective randomized controlled trials are planned.
Bronchoscopy findings in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
Authors: H Verea-Hernando, M T Martin-Egana, C Montero-Martinez, J Fontan-Bueso
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Abstract Two patients with invasive aspergillosis had unusual endobronchial appearances at fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Diagnosis was achieved by endobronchial biopsy.
Hot Pants Syndrome
Authors: Stephen D. Sholkoff
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Our x-ray film identification apparatus recently became intermittently inoperative. I replaced the battery and put the old one (a 9-volt transistor battery with exposed posts) in my pocket, planning a follow-up examination later, since the cause of the problem was obscure. After approximately 15 minutes, a slight heat sensation was noted along the upper lateral aspect of my left thigh. The heat sensation continued intermittently and definitely increased in intensity. It became unbearable after approximately 30 minutes, and an examination of the area was definitely indicated.  My pants pocket felt quite warm as I began removing loose change before undressing. I withdrew five pennies, four nickels, four dimes, and two quarters, and then burned my hand on an extremely hot battery.  A focal area of erythema of approximately 3.5 cm in diameter was present on the thigh immediately beneath the inferior aspect of my left-front pants pocket.
Corn Oil in Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: G. A. Rose, W. B. Thomson, R. T. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1965)

(3) Absence of heart failure, and also of any non-cardiac disease likely to threaten life within two years. (4) Absence of personal or geographical factors likely to interfere with clinic attendance or the taking of oil. When a new patient was accepted for the trial a sealed envelope was opened containing the allocation instructions. In the case of patients allocated to an oil group the instructions referred only to a code number. Thus the physicians in charge knew which patients were receiving oil, but they did not know until the end of the trial the kind of oil that they were receiving. All patients received conventional treatments, at the discre tion of the physicians. At the time when the trial started long-term anticoagulant therapy was seldom used. Later it became more popular, especially for patients suffering reinfarction. To avoid confusion by possible interactions between treatments a few patients already receiving this treat ment were excluded from entry to the trial ; and in addition the occurrence of infarction after entry was taken as an end point, the patient being then withdrawn from the trial. Patients in both oil groups were instructed to avoid fried
Lords worry over Warnock
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Britain's House of Lords is described as having begun what promises to be a long debate on the recommendations published by the Warnock Committee in its report on human reproduction and embryology. Some Members immediately called for a ban on experimentation with human embryos, although government representatives cautioned against hasty regulatory action. Other Members urged that a moratorium be placed on embryo research until legislation could be introduced and a licensing body established. Concern was expressed by many that advances in reproductive technologies were taking place without proper consideration of the social implications.
Menarche and reproduction after treatment for African Burkitt's lymphoma.
Authors: J E Neequaye, J Byrne, P H Levine
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The prevalence of otitis media with effusion is highest where social conditions are poor,4 and children of non-manual workers have significantly better hear- ing than do those of manual workers.5 Cigarette smoking is commoner in those from the poorer socioeconomic classes but it is unlikely to be a risk factor for otitis media effusion, although it may have an association.
Adjunctive Divalproex Versus Placebo for Children With ADHD and Aggression Refractory to Stimulant Monotherapy
Authors: Joseph C. Blader, Nina R. Schooler, Peter S. Jensen, Steven R. Pliszka, Vivian Kafantaris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of divalproex for reducing aggressive behavior among children 6 to 13 years old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a disruptive disorder whose chronic aggression was underresponsive to a prospective psychostimulant trial.Children received open stimulant treatment during a lead-in phase that averaged 5 weeks. Agent and dose were assessed weekly and modified to optimize response. Children whose aggressive behavior persisted at the conclusion of the lead-in phase were randomly assigned to receive double-blind, flexibly dosed divalproex or a placebo adjunctive to stimulant for 8 weeks. Families received weekly behavioral therapy throughout the trial. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of children whose aggressive behavior remitted, defined by post-trial ratings of negligible or absent aggression.A significantly higher proportion of children randomly assigned to divalproex met remission criteria (eight out of 14 [57%]) than those randomly assigned to placebo (two out of 13 [15%]). Divalproex was generally well tolerated.Among children with ADHD whose chronic aggressive behavior is refractory to optimized stimulant treatment, the addition of divalproex increases the likelihood that aggression will remit. A larger trial is necessary to specify with greater precision the magnitude of benefit for adjuvant divalproex.
THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD
Authors: Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

A procedure is described for the isolation and crystallization from human serous fluids of the C-reactive protein, a substance which appears in the blood especially in the early phase of certain acute infectious diseases. Immunological studies confirm earlier work in showing that the protein is highly antigenic and serologically specific, and demonstrate that crystallization of the protein effectively separates it from normal serum proteins.
The utility of bronchoalveolar lavage beta-D-glucan testing for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections
Authors: Stacey R. Rose, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula, Miguel G. Velez, Daniel P. Fedorko, Mark J. VanRaden, Juan C. Gea-Banacloche, Michail S. Lionakis
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Chemoradiotherapy in Malignant Glioma: Standard of Care and Future Directions
Authors: Roger Stupp, Monika E. Hegi, Mark R. Gilbert, Arnab Chakravarti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Glioma has been considered resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Recently, concomitant and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide has become the standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Conversely (neo-)adjuvant PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine) failed to improve survival in the more chemoresponsive tumor entities of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Preclinical investigations suggest synergism or additivity of radiotherapy and temozolomide in glioma cell lines. Although the relative contribution of the concomitant and the adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, cannot be assessed, the early introduction of chemotherapy and the simultaneous administration with radiotherapy appear to be key for the improvement of outcome. Epigenetic inactivation of the DNA repair enzyme methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) seems to be the strongest predictive marker for outcome in patients treated with alkylating agent chemotherapy. Patients whose tumors do not have MGMT promoter methylation are less likely to benefit from the addition of temozolomide chemotherapy and require alternative treatment strategies. The predictive value of MGMT gene promoter methylation is being validated in ongoing trials aiming at overcoming this resistance by a dose-dense continuous temozolomide administration or in combination with MGMT inhibitors. Understanding of molecular mechanisms allows for rational targeting of specific pathways of repair, signaling, and angiogenesis. The addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors vatalanib (PTK787) and vandetinib (ZD6474), the integrin inhibitor cilengitide, the monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and cetuximab, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus, and the protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin, among other agents, are in clinical investigation, building on the established chemoradiotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.