tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing and big endothelin plasma levels to predict short-term prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Martin Hülsmann, Brigitte Stanek, Bernhard Frey, Barbara Sturm, Dinah Putz, Thomas Kos, Rudolf Berger, Wolfgang Woloszczuk, Gerald Maurer, Richard Pacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Smoking and Personality
Authors: H. J. Eysenck, M. Tarrant, M. Woolf, L. England
Journal: BMJ (1960)

A study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that smoking is related to 1) extraversion;  2) neuroticism;  and 3) rigidity in order to illuminate the theory that genotypic personality features determine both smoking behavior and proneness to lung cancer.  A survey was designed so that 400 men in 6 smoking categories with 100 of these men in each of 2 socioeconomic class subgroups and 2 age subgroups (40-59 years old and 60-70 years old) would be interviewed.  Data were obtained from 2360 subjects and were prorated where necessary.  It was found that cigarette smokers are more extraverted not as rigid (to a lesser degree) and neither more nor less neurotic than nonsmokers.  In addition pipe smokers were the most interverted group studied.  It is concluded that smoking habits are related to genotypic personality differences.
Impaired Interaction (Adhesion-Aggregation) of Platelets with the Subendothelium in Storage-Pool Disease and after Aspirin Ingestion
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss, Thomas B. Tschopp, Hans R. Baumgartner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Possible defects in the interaction of platelets with the subendothelial surface were evaluated in six patients with storeage-pool disease, nine patients with von Willebrand's disease and seven normal subjects who ingested aspirin. Citrated blood was perfused through a chamber containing everted segments of rabbit aorta previously denuded of endothelium by means of a ballon catheter. With normal blood, 83.3 +/- 1.9 per cent (S.E.M.) of the surface was covered by adherent platelets. Platelet adhesion was normal after aspirin ingestion (89.7 +/- 4.6 per cent) and decreased in some patients with storage-pool disease. The most striking defect in both circumstances was the virtual absence of platelet thrombi. In contrast, decreased adhesion (57.3 +/- 3.4 per cent), but normal thrombus formation, was characteristic of von Willebrand's disease. These types of defects in platelet adhesion and aggregation may account for the hemostatic defects in a variety of bleeding disorders. The findings further suggest the possible usefulness of aspirin as an antithrombotic agent.
Silver poisoning associated with an antismoking lozenge.
Authors: D Macintire, A L Mclay, B W East, E D Williams, K Boddy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Traditionally, these contain silver or gold, or both, but, as the table shows, substitution of base metals-including lead-may not be uncommon.Reputed aphrodisiacs are widely advertised in the Urdu language newspapers in Britain.The compounds taken by our patient were purchased in Bangladesh, but lead poisoning from aphrodisiacs may be an unrecognised health hazard in some immigrants in Britain.We thank the Laboratories of the Health and Safety Executive for lead and coproporphyrin levels, the Laboratory of the Government Chemist for analysis of the powders, Dr D Barltrop for erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and Professor P Lawther for his guidance.
FALSE DIVERTICULA OF THE JEJUNUM
Authors: WILLIAM M. SHEPPE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Helvestine<sup>1</sup>recently compiled twenty-seven cases of false diverticula of the intestine, and reported two additional cases from the pathologic service of the University of Virginia Hospital. Since the appearance of this article, a third case has occurred in the same service, bringing the total number of such cases recorded to thirty. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white man, aged 75, had undergone a prostatectomy six years before. He returned to the hospital again, complaining of symptoms of urethral obstruction. Death occurred shortly after admission, presumably from uremia. The necropsy showed the bed of the prostate occupied by a carcinomatous growth of considerable dimensions, extending up both sides of the pelvic wall and involving the pelvic lymph nodes. Both ureters were obstructed by the new growth, with a resultant hydro-ureter and hydronephrosis on both sides. A moderate degree of sclerosis of both mitral and tricuspid valves was noted, and the lungs
Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Jacob J. Lokich
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Six of 18 patients with sarcomatous tumors metastatic to the lung had hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO), and, in three patients in whom tumor regression was achieved by cytotoxic chemotherapy or surgery, the clinical and radiologic changes of HPO were reversed. All six patients had large mass lesions (greater than 5 cm) that impinged on the pleural surface, and the pathophysiologic mechanism resulting in the clinical syndrome of HPO may be related to the anatomic relationship of the tumor and the pleura. The use of radionuclide scanning to detect HPO in the absence of roentgenographic signs or clinical symptoms is discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>238:37-39, 1977)
Hypotensive Anesthesia in Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Thomas H. Mallory
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Controlled hypotensive anesthesia using pentolinium tartrate has been beneficial in total hip replacement. Hypotensive anesthesia in hip replacement was first advocated by John Charnley in England. Jennings et al recently advocated its use at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Meeting in 1973. My personal experience with hypotensive anesthesia has been similarly favorable. Forty patients undergoing total hip replacement were operated on under general anesthesia using pentolinium to lower the blood pressure to the diastolic level. A similar group of patients were operated on under normal tensive anesthesia as a basis of comparison. Patients with a history of coronary insufficiency, advanced arteriosclerosis, or previous renal disease were not included in this study. The patients' blood volumes were evaluated preoperatively in order to assure an adequate volemic state prior to the use of pentolinium. The agent was started prior to the skin incision and maintained throughout the operative
Re: Rodolfo Montironi, Liang Cheng, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, et al. Original Gleason System Versus 2005 ISUP Modified Gleason System: The Importance of Indicating Which System Is Used in the Patient’s Pathology and Clinical Reports. Eur Urol 2010;58:369–73
Authors: Kiril Trpkov, Asli Yilmaz
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Serum Adenosine Deaminase in the Differential Diagnosis of Jaundice
Authors: D. M. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Mesothelioma of carcinoma of the bronchus and mesothelioma of the pleura.Asbestos bodies were found in the lungs of about 20% of patients dying with carcinoma of the lung.They were found in more than 80% of men dying of mesothelioma of the pleura.A history of an industrial occupation with exposure to asbestos was obtained from relatives, neighbours, or friends of about three-quarters of patients in whom asbestos bodies were found in the lungs at necropsy.Such a history was obtained for one-quarter of patients in whom asbestos bodies were not found in the lungs at necropsy.It is concluded that there is evidence that exposure to asbestos, even though it may have been transient and many years previous, is an important factor in the aetiology of mesothelioma of the pleura.This conclusion gives cause for anxiety because of the increasing commercial use of asbestos.We wish to thank Mrs. Yvonne Dudgeon and Mrs. Marion Simpson who worked untiringly with patience and tact to obtain occupational histories from patients or their relatives, friends, or neighbours.We are grateful to the records officers of Belfast hospitals for their help in searching out old notes and to many colleagues who have helped by referring patients to us.
Exosomes from red blood cell units bind to monocytes and induce proinflammatory cytokines, boosting T-cell responses in vitro
Authors: Ali Danesh, Heather C. Inglis, Rachael P. Jackman, Shiquan Wu, Xutao Deng, Marcus O. Muench, John W. Heitman, Philip J. Norris
Journal: Blood (2013)
IS THE USE OF THE TERM "TYPHOID PNEUMONIA" JUSTIFIABLE? A CASE IN POINT.
Authors: H. D. TULEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The title of this paper was suggested by the following case, the postmortem findings of which made the original diagnosis recorded incorrect: The child was a robust girl, 13 years of age; seen first on Jan. 30, 1898, she having had a chill on the two previous days, with a maximum temperature on the first day of 101½ degrees and on the second day 103½. From this time to the eleventh day, all of the symptoms were those of typhoid fever, and the diagnosis was so recorded. There had been a general malaise for several days before the first chill; the headache was quite severe, gradually improving as the second week approached; the tongue was heavily coated a brownish yellow, with red edges and tip, but was moist; slight abdominal tenderness at first low down and a little to the left of the median line, right sided tenderness with gurgling
Inhibitors of monocyte responses to chemotaxins are present in human cancerous effusions and react with monoclonal antibodies to the P15(E) structural protein of retroviruses.
Authors: G Cianciolo, J Hunter, J Silva, J S Haskill, R Snyderman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Individuals with cancer have previously been shown to have abnormal chemotactic responsiveness. Surgical removal of the tumor often resulted in normalization of monocyte function, which suggests that human neoplasms might inhibit monocyte chemotaxis by release of soluble mediators. We therefore examined the effects of cancerous effusions on monocyte polarization, i.e., the rapid change in monocyte morphology from round to a triangular "motile" configuration in response to chemoattractants. All 17 malignant effusions, representing 15 tumor types, inhibited monocyte polarization induced by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine by 45-89% (mean 55.9 +/- 12.7%, P less than 0.01) in blinded assays. None of 17 benign effusions signigicantly inhibited polarization (0-15%, mean 6.2 +/- 4.2%). Dilutions of cancerous effusions as low as 1:200 produced inhibition that was time, temperature, and dose dependent . Monocyte polarization induced by activated serum or by chemotactic lymphokine was also blocked by cancerous effusions. The inhibitory activity affected the monocyte directly, and did not destroy the chemoattractant or block the polarization of granulocytes to chemotactic factors. High pressure liquid chromatography of five cancerous fluids revealed three peaks of inhibitory activity: greater than or equal to 200,000, 46,000 +/- 13,000, and 21,000 +/- 3,000 daltons. Fractionation of noncancerous effusions revealed only small amounts of the highest molecular weight inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity in cancerous effusion was heat stable (56 degrees C, 30 min), trypsin sensitive, and could be absorbed by three different monoclonal antibodies reactive to P15(E), a structural component of type C retroviruses. In contrast, six monoclonal antibodies with other specificities had no effect on the inhibitors of polarization. This study demonstrates that human cancerous effusions contain novel proteins that are potent inhibitors of monocyte function and that are recognized by antibodies reactive to the P15(E) component of retroviruses. By producing such factors, tumor cells may subvert monocyte-mediated surveillance.
How obstetricians manage hypertension in pregnancy.
Authors: G V Chamberlain, P J Lewis, M De Swiet, C J Bulpitt
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> This study aims to assess and compare demographic and psychological factors and sleep status of frontline HCWs in relation to non-frontline HCWs <h3>DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS</h3> This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from the 8<sup>th</sup> to the 17<sup>th</sup> of April 2020 across varied health care settings in Oman accruing 1139 HCWS. <h3>MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES</h3> Mental health status was assessed using <i>Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales</i> (DASS-21), and insomnia was evaluated by the <i>Insomnia Severity Index</i> (ISI). Samples were categorized into the frontline and non-frontline groups. Chi-square, odds ratio, and independent t-tests were used to compare groups by demographic and mental health outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> This study included 1139 HCWs working in Oman. There was a total of 368 (32.3%), 388 (34.1%), 271 (23.8%), and 211 (18.5%) respondents reported to have depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia, respectively while working during the pandemic period. HCWs in the frontline group were 1.4 times more likely to have anxiety (OR=1.401, p=0.007) and stress (OR=1.404, p=0.015) as compared to those working in the non-frontline group. On indices of sleep-wake cycles, HCWs in the frontline group were 1.37 times more likely to report insomnia (OR=1.377, p=0.037) when compared to those working in the non-frontline group. No significant differences in depression status between workers in the frontline and non-frontline groups were found (p=0.181). <h3>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE</h3> To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on different grades of HCWs. This study suggests that frontline HCWs are disproportionally affected compared to non-frontline HCWs. The problem with managing sleep-wake cycles and anxiety symptoms were highly endorsed among frontline HCWs. As psychosocial interventions are likely to be constrained owing to the pandemic, mental health care must first be directed to frontline HCWs. <b>Article Summary</b> <b>Methods</b> The study accrued 1139 participants of which 574 were working as frontline HCWs (565 non-frontline workers) serving patients with COVID-19 in different categories of healthcare settings in Oman. The following tools used were used alongside the collection of demographic information: The depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index. Strengths: This nationally representative study is the first of its kind to investigate the differences in magnitude and the covariates of stress and distress between frontline and non-frontline healthcare workers in Oman. Limitations: The use of an online survey and the use of symptom checklists (DASS, ISI) which are typically no match for the ‘gold-standard’ interviews. It is also not clear whether the observed mental health outcomes constitute adjustment disorders/ acute stress reaction or present a chronic-type and thus irreversible psychological distress.
Contrasting effects of phorbol esters on serotonin- and vasopressin-evoked contractions in rat aorta and small mesenteric artery.
Authors: H Shima, M P Blaustein
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Phorbol esters, which activate protein kinase C, modulate vasoconstrictor-induced tension in vascular smooth muscle. We examined the effects of phorbol esters (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate [PDBu] and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [TPA]) on receptor agonist (serotonin [5-HT] and arginine vasopressin [AVP])-, high K(+)-, and caffeine-induced contractions in rings of rat aorta and a small (second-order) branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). PDBu and TPA significantly augmented agonist-evoked contractions in aorta but diminished those in SMA. For example, 30 nM PDBu increased 5-HT- and AVP-evoked contractions 2.0-2.5-fold in aorta (p less than 0.01) but decreased 5-HT- and AVP-induced contractions by 40-60% in SMA (p less than 0.01). In contrast, PDBu and TPA amplified high K(+)- and 10 mM caffeine-induced contractions in both aorta and SMA. Augmentation of agonist-induced contractions by PDBu was greater in endothelium-denuded aorta than in intact aorta. Two protein kinase C antagonists, H-7 and staurosporine, inhibited 5-HT-evoked contractions in the absence as well as in the presence of PDBu in both types of arteries. The augmentation of contractile responses to caffeine and K+ by phorbol esters in both types of arteries suggests that the phorbols increase the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+, probably by activating protein kinase C. However, the inhibitory effects of phorbols on 5-HT- and AVP-evoked responses in SMA suggest that under these conditions the dominant effect of the phorbols is a marked reduction in the availability of Ca2+ in the SMA but not in the aorta.
Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma of the Mandible: Findings on Tc-99m HMDP Bone and Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy
Authors: Tomoko Takahashi, Manabu Oguchi, Gencho Kuga, Kotaro Higashi, Hisao Tonami, Itaru Yamamoto, Natsuki Segami, Takayuki Nojima
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 25-year-old woman presented with a disturbance in the opening of her mouth 5 months before admission. On admission, painful swelling of the right preauricular region was revealed. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a soft tissue density mass around the right condylar process of the mandible. Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) bone scintigraphy and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy showed avid uptake in the mass. The tumor was histologically identified as an osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the right mandible. There are few reports of Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy findings of osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible. The accumulation patterns on Tc-99m HMDP bone scintigraphy and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy are possibly characteristic of osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible.
Overweight and obesity in China
Authors: Yangfeng Wu
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The once lean giant has a weight problem that is increasing rapidly 

A bout one fifth of the one billion overweight or obese people in the world are Chinese. China was once considered to have one of the leanest populations,1 but it is fast catching up with the West in terms of the prevalence of overweight and obesity; disturbingly, this transition has occurred in a remarkably short time.2

Data from the 2002 national nutrition and health survey showed that 14.7% of Chinese were overweight (body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) ≥ 25) and another 2.6% were obese (BMI ≥ 30), such that there are currently (2002) 184 million overweight people, and a further 31 million obese people, in China, out of a total population of 1.3 billion (table).3 Although the prevalence of obesity in China is relatively low compared with Western countries such as the United States, where over half of adults are either overweight or obese, it is the rapid increase of the condition,4 especially among children, that is particularly alarming. Data from the China national surveys on the constitution and health in school children …
Rectus abdominis rhabdomyolysis after sit ups: unexpected detection by bone scan
Authors: P F Kao, K Y Tzen, J Y Chen, K J Lin, M F Tsai, T C Yen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

Uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate by the rectus abdominis muscle was unexpectedly found in a 29 year old man who had started to perform 30 to 40 sit ups a day for five days before the bone scan. After a week of rest, serum creatine kinase activity was still abnormal but muscle uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate had ceased. This specific muscle injury after short term sit ups as well as the resolution of the phenomenon within a week are of interest.
Word-sentences and an interaction-based account of language evolution
Authors: Bipin Indurkhya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Considerations from an interaction-based approach to the evolution of language and the role of word-sentences therein show that the object-attribute ontology is arrived at a much later stage. Therefore, Hurford's arguments, by focusing on the predicate-argument structure, seem to miss out on most of the interesting aspects of the early stages in language evolution.
What is the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy?
Authors: John Paul
Journal: BMJ (2006)

For some infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia or enterococcal endocarditis, clear evidence favours prolonged treatment to prevent relapse. Conversely, for some situations such as surgical prophylaxis and the treatment of gonorrhoea and of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, roles for short courses of antibiotics are well established. In this issue, El Moussaoui et al present evidence in favour of a total of three days' treatment for uncomplicated cases of community acquired pneumonia.1 This suggests that current guidelines recommending 7-10 days should be revised.2 In fact, the lack of evidence to support short course therapy for many common infections …
Two-year assessment of effect of topical corticosteroids on bone mineral density in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sara G.A. van Velsen, Inge M. Haeck, Mirjam J. Knol, Marnix G.E.H. Lam, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Fatal postlymphoma chemotherapy hepatitis B reactivation secondary to the emergence of a YMDD mutant strain with lamivudine resistance in a noncirrhotic patient
Authors: Joanna K. Law, Jaber Al Ali, P. Richard Harrigan, Christopher H. Sherlock, Kerry J. Savage, Eric M. Yoshida
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Hepatitis B reactivation is a well‐known complication during or after chemotherapy in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) carriers. The current practice guidelines in Canada and the United States recommends patients receive antiviral prophylaxis prior to the onset of chemotherapy in chronic HBV carriers with lamivudine. We report a case of a 57‐year‐old man with follicular lymphoma on lamivudine prophylaxis and no clinical evidence of cirrhosis, and developed fatal HBV reactivation after the emergence of a YMDD mutant strain of HBV that confers lamivudine resistance. Fatal reactivation secondary to the development of lamivudine resistance has not, to date, been well‐ reported. Our experience indicates the need to carefully monitor patients for suspected drug‐ resistant HBV mutants with the addition of anti‐viral agents effective against the YMDD mutational strain, when lamivudine resistance emerges. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.