tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sport as a setting for promoting health
Authors: Alex Donaldson, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The settings approach to health promotion has received increasing support as socio-ecological perspectives on the complexity of systems and the societies in which people make health choices have become recognised as key influences of their health-related behaviours.1,–,3 Sport has been suggested as one such setting for promoting social good, particularly health,4 5 and for delivering health promotion messages.6 7 Like other social institutions, sports clubs are mediating institutions providing an interface between private and public life.8 Although the primary role of sports clubs is to organise and provide opportunities for competition and participation in sport, community sports clubs are also considered by those actively involved in them, to be social organisations for promoting social good, particularly health.5 9,–,11

Internationally, the concept of health promoting sports clubs has been interpreted broadly to include constructs such as ‘coaches/instructors interaction skills’; ‘collaboration with other clubs and/or …
Interaction between cholinergic and nitrergic vasodilation: a novel mechanism of blood pressure control
Authors: Mattia Lepori, Claudio Sartori, Hervé Duplain, Pascal Nicod, Urs Scherrer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Cholinergic vasodilation has been thought to play little if any role in the regulation of blood pressure in humans. Autonomic denervation potentiates the vasoconstriction evoked by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans, but the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that this may be related to loss of neuronal, non-nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of cholinergic blockade on blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral vascular responses to systemic infusion of the nitric-oxide-dependent vasoconstrictor l-NMMA (0.5 mg/kg/min over 15 min) in eight normal subjects. Results: The l-NMMA-induced increase in mean (±S.E.) arterial pressure was roughly three times larger (P=0.002) in the presence than in the absence of cholinergic blockade (38±6 vs. 13±2 mmHg). Similarly, the increase in systemic and calf vascular resistance was more than twofold larger during l-NMMA–atropine. This potentiation was specific for nitric-oxide-dependent vasoconstriction, because atropine did not alter the responses to phenylephrine infusion. Cholinergic blockade also altered (P=0.004) the heart rate response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition; during l-NMMA alone heart rate decreased by 10±2 beats/min, whereas during l-NMMA–atropine infusion it increased by 14±4 beats/min. Conclusion: Cholinergic mechanisms play an important hitherto unrecognized role in offsetting the hypertension and cardiac sympathetic activation caused by nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans. Decreased parasympathetic activity and impaired nitric oxide synthesis characterize several cardiovascular disease states, as well as normal aging. The conjunction of these two defects could trigger sudden death and contribute to the hypertension of the elderly.
Abstract 4197: Discovering FUS-CHOP targets: A Chip-Seq approach
Authors: Elena Tonin, Francesco G. Sirocco, Sabrina Rossi, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Massimo Libra, Gregory J. Hannon, Roberta Maestro
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Myxoid liposarcoma (M-LS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. Approximately 90% of cases show the characteristic t(12;16)(q13;p11) translocation, which produces the FUS-CHOP (FC) oncogene. FUS is a RNA-binding protein expressed in several tissues; CHOP a bZIP transcription factor involved in adipocyte differentiation. Although it is known that CHOP bZIP region is essential for FC-induced transformation, little is known about FC transcriptional targets and how FC participates in the development and progression of M-LS. Moreover, it is unclear whether FC controls the transcription of a set of genes different from the set controlled by CHOP. Understanding how the FUS-CHOP fusion protein causes M-LS will aid in the development of novel targeted therapies. To shed light on this issue we sought to exploit the ChIP-Seq technique (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing). To this end, chromatin immunorecipitation was performed on cell lines expressing FC (endogenous or ectopic). DNA co-precipitated together with the FC protein was analyzed by using an Illumina GAIIX platform. FC-bound DNA was mapped to the genome using the aligner Bowtie and the enriched regions were identified by using the MACS peak caller. ChIP-Seq data were combined with RNA-seq analysis to screen for the potential targets. Our approach was validated by the identification of LONP1, CLCN3 and GADD34, which have been previously reported to be modulated by CHOP. The most interesting candidates will be further investigated for their implication in FC development and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4197. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4197
Predictors of Technical Success and Postnatal Biventricular Outcome After In Utero Aortic Valvuloplasty for Aortic Stenosis With Evolving Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Doff B. McElhinney, Audrey C. Marshall, Louise E. Wilkins-Haug, David W. Brown, Carol B. Benson, Virginia Silva, Gerald R. Marx, Arielle Mizrahi-Arnaud, James E. Lock, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Aortic stenosis in the midgestation fetus with a normal-sized or dilated left ventricle predictably progresses to hypoplastic left heart syndrome when associated with certain physiological findings. Prenatal balloon aortic valvuloplasty may improve left heart growth and function, possibly preventing evolution to hypoplastic left heart syndrome.Between March 2000 and October 2008, 70 fetuses underwent attempted aortic valvuloplasty for critical aortic stenosis with evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome. We analyzed this experience to determine factors associated with procedural and postnatal outcome. The median gestational age at intervention was 23 weeks. The procedure was technically successful in 52 fetuses (74%). Relative to 21 untreated comparison fetuses, subsequent prenatal growth of the aortic and mitral valves, but not the left ventricle, was improved after intervention. Nine pregnancies (13%) did not reach a viable term or preterm birth. Seventeen patients had a biventricular circulation postnatally, 15 from birth. Larger left heart structures and higher left ventricular pressure at the time of intervention were associated with biventricular outcome. A multivariable threshold scoring system was able to discriminate fetuses with a biventricular outcome with 100% sensitivity and modest positive predictive value.Technically successful aortic valvuloplasty alters left heart valvar growth in fetuses with aortic stenosis and evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome and, in a subset of cases, appeared to contribute to a biventricular outcome after birth. Fetal aortic valvuloplasty carries a risk of fetal demise. Fetuses undergoing in utero aortic valvuloplasty with an unfavorable multivariable threshold score at the time of intervention are very unlikely to achieve a biventricular circulation postnatally.
The Epidemiology of Murder-Suicide
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To review the epidemiology, patterns, and major determinants of murder-suicide and to discuss the clinical and research strategies for identifying the individuals at greatest risk for this type of violence.Data were obtained from English-language articles based on searches using MEDLINE (from 1966), PsychINFO (from 1967), and EMBASE (from 1974) programs. In addition, relevant articles, books, and monographs identified from the reference list of retrieved articles were reviewed.Case-control studies, descriptive epidemiologic surveys, and case series were chosen for review.Because of the limited scope of the pertinent research literature, all data relevant to the incidence, demographics, circumstances, and precipitants of murder-suicide were summarized by the authors.Murder-suicide occurs with an annual incidence of 0.2 to 0.3 per 100,000 person-years and accounts for approximately 1000 to 1500 deaths yearly in the United States. The annual incidence of these events is relatively constant across industrialized nations and has not significantly changed over several decades. The principal perpetrators are young males with intense sexual jealousy, depressed mothers, or despairing elderly men with ailing spouses. The principal victims are female sexual partners or consanguineous relatives, usually young children. Clinical depression, specific motivations such as male sexual proprietariness or maternal salvation fantasies, and a history of previous suicide attempts are important in explaining underlying psychopathological mechanisms.Murder-suicide occupies a distinct epidemiological domain that overlaps with suicide, domestic homicide, and mass murder. These events may be categorized into one of only several phenomenologic typologies that share similar demographics, motivations, and circumstances. Despite the disruption of families and communities caused by murder-suicide, there are no standardized operational definitions, validated taxonomic systems, or national surveillance networks for these events, all of which are needed to develop prevention strategies.
New Trends Aimed at Healing by Design
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

WHEN Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City opened a Planetree unit, Steven F. Horowitz, MD, was grateful that he didn't have to make "apology rounds" any longer. Gone were patients' complaints of no extra blankets, frigid rooms, or being treated disrespectfully. The Planetree concept of providing a personalized, nurturing environment not only helps patients heal physically but cushions the emotional jarring that can occur during hospitalization, says Horowitz, Beth Israel's chief of cardiology and director of the 3-year-old, 34-bed unit. "Hospitals are concerned about continuous quality improvement. I've watched pathology departments proudly proclaim that they get most reports back [the same day]. But at the top of their algorithm is drawing blood at 5:30 AM. They might come [to the patient's bedside] unannounced and sometimes they're very callous. That experience can be traumatizing for the patient for the rest of the day." What's needed, say Horowitz and other
Prevention of excess neonatal morbidity associated with group B streptococci by vaginal chlorhexidine disinfection during labour
Authors: L.G. Burman, B. Fryklund, A.-M. Helgesson, P. Christensen, K. Christensen, N.W. Svenningsen, K. Tullus, None The Swedish Chlorhexidine Study Group
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
How encompassing is the effect of negativity bias on political conservatism?
Authors: Ariel Malka, Christopher J. Soto
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We argue that the political effects of negativity bias are narrower than Hibbing et al. suggest. Negativity bias reliably predicts social, but not economic, conservatism, and its political effects often vary across levels of political engagement. Thus the role of negativity bias in broad ideological conflict depends on the strategic packaging of economic and social attitudes by political elites.
Goblet Cell Increase in Rat Bronchial Epithelium after Exposure to Cigarette and Cigar Tobacco Smoke
Authors: D. Lamb, L. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Both cigar and cigarette tobacco produce an increase in the number of goblet cells in the rat trachea and intrapulmonary airways over a six-week period. The increase in goblet cells is similar for the two types of tobacco; in both it is proportional to increase in dose and greatest in the proximal intrapulmonary airways.
Glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of albumin in preproteinuric and proteinuric diabetic rats.
Authors: B J Tucker, R Rasch, R C Blantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Microalbuminuria (26-250 mg/d) is considered to be an indicator of incipient diabetic nephropathy in humans in insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). However, before microalbuminuria is observed, glomerular alterations, such as glycosylation of the glomerular basement membrane and glomerular hyperfiltration, in IDD may result in increased filtration of albumin before any observed increase in albumin excretion. Glomerular and tubular albumin kinetics were examined in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body wt, i.v.) diabetic, Munich-Wistar rats at 7-10 (untreated) and 50-70 d (poorly controlled with small doses of insulin) after the onset of diabetes and compared with nondiabetic controls. Additional rats in each condition received acute lysine treatment to prevent tubular protein reabsorption. Urinary albumin excretion and nonvascular albumin distribution volumes were measured in the renal cortex and compared with morphometric measurements of interstitial space and the proximal tubule to assess intracellular uptake of albumin in the proximal tubule. Urinary albumin excretion under anesthesia was not different in 7-10-d IDD versus controls (19 +/- 3 vs. 20 +/- 3 micrograms/min) but increased in the 50-70-d IDD (118 +/- 13 micrograms/min, P < 0.05). Lysine treatment resulted in increased albumin excretion compared with respective nontreatment in 7-10-d IDD (67 +/- 10 micrograms/min, P < 0.05) but not in controls (30 +/- 6 micrograms/min) or in 50-70-d IDD (126 +/- 11 micrograms/min). Glomerular filtration rate was increased both in 7-10-d IDD (2.7 +/- 0.1 ml/min, P < 0.05) and in 50-70-d IDD (2.6 +/- 0.1 ml/min, P < 0.05) compared with control (2.2 +/- 0.1 ml/min). Calculated urinary space albumin concentrations increased early in IDD with 2.5 +/- 0.4 mg% in 7-10-d IDD and 4.9 +/- 0.6 mg% in 50-70-d IDD compared with control (1.4 +/- 0.3 mg%). The increase in filtration of albumin is in excess of that attributable to hyperfiltration before increased albumin excretion early in diabetes. In 50-70-d IDD, absolute tubular reabsorption of albumin is decreased, correlating to the decrease in brush border height of the proximal tubule.
Validation of transgenic mice carrying the human prototype c-Ha-ras gene as a bioassay model for rapid carcinogenicity testing.
Authors: S Yamamoto, K Urano, H Koizumi, S Wakana, K Hioki, K Mitsumori, Y Kurokawa, Y Hayashi, T Nomura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Carcinogenicity testing is indispensable for identifying environmental carcinogens and for evaluating the safety of drugs in the process of development. Conventional 2-year rodent bioassays are one of the most resource-consuming tests in terms of animals, time, and costs. Development of rapid carcinogenicity testing systems that can assess carcinogenicity within a short period has become a social demand and is essential to improve efficacy in the identification of environmental carcinogens as well as in the development of new drugs. In this review we introduce the rapid carcinogenicity testing system using transgenic (Tg) mice carrying the human prototype c-Ha-ras gene, namely rasH2 mouse (CB6F1-TgHras2 mouse is the same mouse). The studies have been conducted to validate the rasH2 mouse as a model for the rapid carcinogenicity testing system. Our current validation studies revealed that rasH2 mice are able to detect various types of mutagenic carcinogens within 6 months. The rasH2 mice may also be able to detect various nonmutagenic carcinogens. The validation studies also revealed that rasH2 mice are generally much more susceptible to both mutagenic and nonmutagenic carcinogens than control non-Tg mice. No significant tumor induction has been observed in rasH2 mice with either mutagenic or nonmutagenic noncarcinogens. More rapid onset and higher incidence of more malignant tumors can be expected with a high probability after treatment with various carcinogens in the rasH2 mice than in control non-Tg mice. The rasH2 mouse appears to be a promising candidate as an animal model for development of a rapid carcinogenicity testing system.
758 PREDICTING THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C AND PERSISTENTLY NORMAL TRANSAMINASES: A LONGITUDINAL, LONG-TERM STUDY WITH DUAL BIOPSIES
Authors: C. Smirne, C. Vandelli, C. Colletta, M. Vandelli, E.M.C. Tesini, E. Mossio, L. Franzosi, P. Toniutto, C. Fabris, M. Pirisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Halothane Hepatitis: Benign Resolution of a Severe Lesion
Authors: DENIS J. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Three patients with halothane hepatitis were studied during the acute phase of their illness and for 10 to 14 months thereafter. Clinical, biochemical, and histologic data were obtained initially and during the course of follow-up. Despite initially severe clinical and biochemical presentations, with extensive bridging hepatic necrosis on liver biopsy, all three patients resolved completely and had minimally abnormal liver biopsy appearances at last follow-up. The results of this study suggest that hepatic necrosis associated with halothane hypersensitivity is self-limited and that despite the initial severity of the hepatic lesion, postnecrotic cirrhosis does not develop. Based on these three patients' courses, survival of the acute bout of halothane hepatitis is apparently accompanied by an excellent prognosis ultimately, provided that reexposure to halothane is avoided.
Thyroglobulin in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Disease
Authors: Paul Lo Gerfo
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a 19S glycoprotein produced by normal thyroids and almost all nonmedullary thyroid cancers. Radioimmunoassays measure serum levels of TG, and these levels are abnormally elevated in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. Data from our study show that TG measurement is not effective in screening high-risk populations for thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, serum TG determinations are useful for assessing the presence and possibly the extent of residual or recurrent nonmedullary thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy.
Immunisation state of children born before term in the Northern region.
Authors: U. Wariyar, S. Richmond, P. Morrell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Preterm infants are often followed up by paediatricians trying to audit the activities of neonatal units.Contact with senior paediatricians might be expected to result in higher uptake of immunisations in this group of vulnerable children than in the general population.We carried out a study to assess this.
Prognostic value and physiological correlates of heart rate variability in chronic severe mitral regurgitation.
Authors: K M Stein, J S Borer, C Hochreiter, P M Okin, E M Herrold, R B Devereux, P Kligfield
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND A variety of measures of heart rate variability have been devised to measure high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz), low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz), or ultralow-frequency (&lt; 0.0033 Hz) fluctuations in sinus cycle length. Although measures of low-frequency and ultralow-frequency heart rate variability have been shown to correlate with prognosis in several populations with ischemic heart disease, their relevance to patients with primary valvular heart disease remains to be determined. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with nonischemic causes of chronic severe mitral regurgitation who were in sinus rhythm underwent 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography as part of a prospective study of the natural history of regurgitant valvular heart disease. Patients were followed for as long as 9.2 years, and end points of mortality, progression to mitral valve surgery, and development of chronic atrial fibrillation were tabulated. Time- and frequency-domain measurements of high-frequency, low-frequency, and ultralow-frequency heart rate variability were computed and compared with resting ventricular function by radionuclide cineangiography and outcome. The standard deviation of the 5-minute mean RR intervals (SDANN), a measure of ultralow-frequency heart rate variability, was correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.49, p = 0.002) and right ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.43, p = 0.007), whereas low-frequency and high-frequency heart rate variabilities were not. Heart rate, ultralow-frequency heart rate variability, and, to a lesser extent, high-frequency heart rate variability exhibited significant diurnal variation, but low-frequency heart rate variability did not. Heart rate and ultralow-frequency, low-frequency, and combined low- and high-frequency heart rate variability predicted mortality and total events. The most powerful predictor of subsequent events was SDANN: Patients with reduced SDANN were significantly more likely to develop end-point events (p &lt; 0.001) with increased progression to mitral valve surgery (p &lt; 0.001) as well as increased early mortality (p = 0.02). In a multivariate proportional hazards model, SDANN retained independent predictive power (p = 0.001). Likewise, SDANN was the only variable that was significantly associated with the subsequent development of atrial fibrillation (relative risk, 3.1; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Ultralow-frequency heart rate variability, as measured by SDANN, correlates with right and left ventricular performance and predicts development of atrial fibrillation, mortality, and progression to valve surgery in patients with chronic severe mitral regurgitation.