tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inactivated Sendai Virus Particles Eradicate Tumors by Inducing Immune Responses through Blocking Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Masayuki Kurooka, Yasufumi Kaneda
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract UV-inactivated, replication-defective Sendai virus particles [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E)] injected into murine colon carcinoma (CT26) tumors growing in syngeneic BALB/c mice eradicated 60% to 80% of the tumors and obviously inhibited the growth of the remainder. Induced adaptive antitumor immune responses were dominant in the tumor eradication process because the effect was abrogated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Murine and human dendritic cells underwent dose-dependent maturation by HVJ-E in vitro. Profiles of cytokines secreted by dendritic cells after HVJ-E stimulation showed that the amount of interleukin-6 (IL-6) released was comparable to that elicited by live HVJ. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that HVJ-E induced a remarkable infiltration of dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into tumors. In addition, CT26-specific CTLs were induced with the evidence of enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation in a CD4+CD25− T cell–dependent manner. On the other hand, conditioned medium from dendritic cells stimulated by HVJ-E rescued CD4+CD25− effector T-cell proliferation from Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg)–mediated suppression and IL-6 was presumably dominant for this phenomenon. We also confirmed such rescue in mice treated with HVJ-E in vivo. Moreover, antitumor effect of HVJ-E was significantly reduced by an in vivo blockade of IL-6 signaling. This is the first report to show that HVJ-E alone can eradicate tumors and the mechanism through which it induces antitumor immune responses. Because it can enhance antitumor immunity and simultaneously remove Treg-mediated suppression, HVJ-E shows promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):227–36]
C-reactive protein and insulin resistance in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Mitsuo Fukushima, Masahiko Sakai, Takahide Okumura, Satoru Yoshii, Toshiki Watanabe, Masahito Ogura, Noriko Yamadori, Kazuko Nin, Akira Kuroe, Yuichiro Yamada, Yutaka Seino, Yoshikatsu Nakai
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Temporal dynamics and transcriptional control using single-cell gene expression analysis
Authors: Tsukasa Kouno, Michiel de Hoon, Jessica C Mar, Yasuhiro Tomaru, Mitsuoki Kawano, Piero Carninci, Harukazu Suzuki, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Jay W Shin
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Background Changes in environmental conditions lead to expression variation that manifest at the level of gene regulatory networks. Despite a strong understanding of the role noise plays in synthetic biological systems, it remains unclear how propagation of expression heterogeneity in an endogenous regulatory network is distributed and utilized by cells transitioning through a key developmental event. Results Here we investigate the temporal dynamics of a single-cell transcriptional network of 45 transcription factors in THP-1 human myeloid monocytic leukemia cells undergoing differentiation to macrophages. We systematically measure temporal regulation of expression and variation by profiling 120 single cells at eight distinct time points, and infer highly controlled regulatory modules through which signaling operates with stochastic effects. This reveals dynamic and specific rewiring as a cellular strategy for differentiation. The integration of both positive and negative co-expression networks further identifies the proto-oncogene MYB as a network hinge to modulate both the pro- and anti-differentiation pathways. Conclusions Compared to averaged cell populations, temporal single-cell expression profiling provides a much more powerful technique to probe for mechanistic insights underlying cellular differentiation. We believe that our approach will form the basis of novel strategies to study the regulation of transcription at a single-cell level.
Radiation proctitis after prostate carcinoma therapy
Authors: S. S. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early diagnosis of cancer in the head and neck.
Authors: H J Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Malignant tumours of the head and neck account for only 10% of all human cancers, when the more common skin cancers in the region are excluded.In addition the management of these tumours is the concern of several different specialties whose interests overlap and in some degree still compete within the head and neck region.Add to this the comparative rarity of the appearance and detection of these tumours in general practice and it will be seen that important factors weigh against their early diagnosis and satisfactory management despite their relative accessibility and often manifest presence.Over 90% of them are squamous carcinomas, mainly well differentiated and usually slow growing. Why early diagnosis?Early diagnosis remains the greatest factor in securing im- proved cure rates.Despite much concentration of clinical effort and advances in diagnostic technique the practical difficulties of access to many of the more common intrathoracic and abdominal neoplasms combined with their aggressive natural history continue to render their early diagnosis an intractable and continuing problem.By contrast the whole of the head and neck region is ?eadilyaccessible.Furthermore, the nature of these tumours is such that they tend to remain localised for long periods within their tissue of origin, and even when metastasis occurs it usually remains confined to lymphatics in the head and neck region for many months.Metastasis below the clavicles is relatively rare for most tumours until the later stages of the disease.But despite the ease with which the mouth, for example,
Acute Aortic Dissection Presenting With Congestive Heart Failure: Results From the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: James L. Januzzi, Kim A. Eagle, Jeanna V. Cooper, Jianming Fang, Udo Sechtem, Truls Myrmel, Arturo Evangelista, Jae K. Oh, Alfredo Llovet, Patrick T. O'Gara, Christoph A. Nienaber, Eric M. Isselbacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Autologous rosette formation by human blood monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphocytes
Authors: Humberto R.A. Cabral, Ivon T.C. Novak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The formation of rosettes between human blood monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphocytes (MLR) in samples harvested from total leukocyte (TL) cell cultures, was confirmed. Experiments with leukocytes obtained from human blood of healthy individuals (n = 17) and prepared under various conditions, were performed. Cytopreparations of each experiment were used for classical staining procedures or for immunohistochemical methods with monoclonal lymphocyte surface markers. Recently obtained blood leukocytes were unable to form MLR, whereas cultured samples of the same cells started to form MLR 15 hr after culturing. At that time, the number of MLR in pelleted samples was 1.18%, reaching a peak of 15.7% at 120 hr of culturing. In cultured but nonpelleted samples, only a few MLR were formed. With monoclonal antibodies, the lymphocytes forming MLR reacted mainly as CD4 positive and much less as CD8 (the ratio was 18:1). Monocyte-derived macrophages were able to form MLR when they underwent transformation into macrophages. The finding that the lymphocytes involved are T-cells, mainly CD4 positive, suggests that in the cell–cell interaction, macrophages could be presenting antigens to the lymphocytes. Besides, because the highest number of MLR occurred in TL samples, whereas few rosettes were formed in the mononuclear cell samples, the existence of some particular mechanism(s) acting on TL samples is suggested. Am. J. Hematol. 60:285–288, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New Bayesian Discriminator for Detection of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Weichao Xu, Hung-Fat Tse, Francis H.Y. Chan, Peter Chin Wan Fung, Kathy Lai-Fun Lee, Chu-Pak Lau
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Accurate, rapid detection of atrial tachyarrhythmias has important implications in the use of implantable devices for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. Currently available detection algorithms for atrial tachyarrhythmias, which use the single-index method, have limited sensitivity and specificity. Methods and Results— In this study, we evaluated the performance of a new Bayesian discriminator algorithm in the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), and sinus rhythm (SR). Bipolar recording of 364 rhythms (AF=156, AFL=88, SR=120) at the high right atrium were collected from 20 patients who underwent electrophysiological procedures. After initial signal processing, a column vector of 5 features for each rhythm were established, based on the regularity, rate, energy distribution, percent time of quiet interval, and baseline reaching of the rectified autocorrelation coefficient functions. Rhythm identification was obtained by use of Bayes decision rule and assumption of Gaussian distribution. For the new Bayesian discriminator, the overall sensitivity for detection of SR, AF, and AFL was 97%, 97%, and 94%, respectively; and the overall specificity for detection of SR, AF, and AFL was 98%, 98%, and 99%, respectively. The overall accuracy of detection of SR, AF, and AFL was 98%, 97% and 98%, respectively. Furthermore, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this algorithm were not affected by a range of white Gaussian noises with different intensities. Conclusions— This new Bayesian discriminator algorithm, based on Bayes decision of multiple features of atrial electrograms, allows rapid on-line and accurate (98%) detection of AF with robust anti-noise performance.
S23 Role of Transoesophageal Fine-Needle Aspiration Using an Ultrasound Bronchoscope in Mediastinal Staging and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Authors: LM Nicol, KM Skwarski
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the role of transoesophageal fine-needle aspiration using an ultrasound bronchoscope (EUS-B-FNA) as an alternative means of diagnosing and staging lung cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective analysis of 132 cases of EUS-B-FNA between July 2008 and March 2012 in a large tertiary centre for respiratory medicine. EUS-B-FNA was performed with an OLYMPUS linear ultrasonic bronchoscope (BF-UM40) using a 21 Gauge needle. Samples were deposited into Cytolyte for cytological examination. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 132 patients, 76 were male and 56 were female. The mean age was 69 years (range 40–86 years). No patients had a tissue diagnosis of malignancy prior to the procedure. 86 patients had a peripheral mass on CT, 43 had a mediastinal mass, and 3 patients had a new pleural effusion on CXR and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on CT scanning. EUS-B was used to sample subcarinal (n=100), L4 (n=46), R8 (n=4), R4 (n=2), R2 (n=2), L8 (n=1), L9 (n=1) and paragastric (n=1) lymph node stations. It was also used to sample RLL (n=4), RUL (n=3), LUL (n=3), LLL (n=1), paraoesophageal (n=2) and anterior mediastinal (n=1) masses. A left adrenal mass was sampled in 1 patient. EUS-B was used as a first line procedure in patients with enlarged lower mediastinal lymph nodes, reduced oxygen saturations (SpO2&lt;90%) or FEV1 (&lt;1.0L), and those with a poor performance status. It was also used as a second line procedure in patients who could not tolerate bronchoscopy or EBUS procedures, and those with normal brocnhoscopy or EBUS procedure. There were no complications and the procedure was well tolerated. Of the 132 cases, a tissue diagnosis was obtained in 100 patients. Samples revealed no malignant cells in 22 patients. Samples were insufficient for diagnosis in only 2 cases. Of the 22 negative samples, 11 patients were referred to Thoracic Surgery, all of these patients also had a negative staging mediastinoscopy and so underwent surgical resection. 6 patients went on to have a CT guided biopsy which provided a tissue diagnosis. 3 patients were not fit for further investigation and so were treated on the basis of a radiological diagnosis of lung cancer. <h3>Conclusion</h3> EUS-B-FNA should be considered as a safe and effective investigation in the diagnostic and staging algorithm in lung cancer. It allows sampling of stations L4, 7 and 8, and is effective as a first line procedure in patients with reduced oxygen saturations or FEV1, and a poor performance status.
The toxic shock syndrome: Author's reply
Authors: G. R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1990)

sixfold to eightfold increase in the prevalence of coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease in 187 subjects examined during the recall phase of the Islington diabetes survey, associations that seemed to be independent of hypertension and diabetes.'During the three and a half years of follow up microalbuminuric subjects had an excess mortality of about 24-fold compared with those with normal urinary albumin excretion.'It is possible, therefore, that screening for microalbuminuria, rather than proteinuria, would be preferable if the test is to be used as a prognostic indicator, but in the absence of evidence of benefit from intervention this type of information may be of greater interest to life insurance companies than to the medical profession.It must be said, however, that lack of evidence of benefit has never previously constrained this government in its efforts to introduce change and innovation in the NHS.
Further Observations on the Natural History of Isolated Ventricular Septal Defects in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: RENE A. ARCILLA, MAGNUS H. AGUSTSSON, J. PEDRO BICOFF, JOSHUA LYNFIELD, MILTON WEINBERG, EGBERT H. FELL, BENJAMIN M. GASUL
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Serial cardiac catheterization has been performed in 75 patients with isolated ventricular septal defect. At the time of the first cardiac catheterization, 39 were under 1 year of age, 19 were between 1 to 3 years, 14 between 3 to 10 years, and three over 10 years. In 68 patients the second catheterization was performed 1 to 7 years after the first, and in seven patients a third cardiac catheterization was performed 2 to 5 years after the second. Normal pulmonary artery pressure was observed at the initial study in 25 patients. Of these, only one revealed a slight rise in pulmonary artery systolic pressure by 19 mm. Hg; the rest revealed no significant hemodynamic changes. Mild pulmonary hypertension (31 to 59 mm. Hg systolic pressure) was noted in 28 patients at first catheterization, at which time moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension (60 mm. Hg or more systolic pressure) was present in 22 patients. In 33 of these 50 cases, the initial investigation was done during infancy and not later than the second year. In three fourths of the cases with mild pulmonary hypertension, and in two thirds of those with moderate or severe hypertension studied at this very early age, a significant drop in pulmonary pressure and flow was observed at the subsequent catheterization. This was interpreted to indicate most likely relative reduction of the functional size of the defect during early childhood. In eight patients hemodynamic and angiocardiographic evidence of the ventricular septal defect disappeared, indicating probable functional closure. Progressive pulmonary vascular obstruction was observed in six patients, one of whom already had Eisenmenger's complex at the initial examination. All but one, an 11-month-old infant, had significantly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance already present during the first cardiac catheterization. In seven patients with similar findings at the initial examination, striking reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed. The progressive pulmonary vascular obstruction is interpreted to indicate failure of the pulmonary vascular bed to undergo maturation, whereas the diminution in pulmonary resistance observed in the other group is interpreted to indicate delayed onset of pulmonary vascular maturation. The therapeutic significance of these findings is discussed.
Prognosis in Follicular Lymphoma — It's in the Microenvironment
Authors: Ralf Küppers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Considerable clinical heterogeneity and wide variation in survival among patients are characteristic of many B-cell lymphomas. Prognostic markers that predict the clinical behavior of such tumors with greater accuracy than is currently possible are urgently needed to permit management decisions based on the prognosis in individual cases. Moreover, the variable course of some types of B-cell lymphomas may indicate that they are actually a mixture of distinct cancers that are not distinguished by the current classification schemes. In recent years, several large-scale studies involving microarray-based gene-expression profiling have identified novel lymphoma subtypes and improved the accuracy of predictions of outcome. . . .
Diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in general practice.
Authors: D. B. Johnson, C. J. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To audit the first five years of a colposcopy and treatment service for cervical dysplasia established within a general practice.A cervical smear register was established to determine which women were "at risk" of dysplasia. The results of colposcopy and treatment of dysplasia were analysed.A large rural general practice with community hospital facilities in mid-Wales.4437 Women at risk in a total practice population of 14,100.Colposcopy of women with dyskaryotic smear results, persistent inflammatory smear results, or vulval warts. Treatment of women with proved dysplasia by electrodiathermy of the cervix or cone biopsy.138 Women with dysplasia were diagnosed over five years: 36 mild, 97 moderate or severe, and five with microinvasion. Despite a 78% smear rate of at risk women over five years, nine invasive cancers still occurred.The results of treatment are acceptable. Cervical dysplasia has become very common, the risk of a dysplasia in women aged 20-39 who had smear tests being one in 14 over five years.
Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lut Van Damme, Gita Ramjee, Michel Alary, Bea Vuylsteke, Verapol Chandeying, Helen Rees, Pachara Sirivongrangson, Léonard Mukenge Tshibaka, Virginie Ettiègne-Traoré, Charn Uaheowitchai, Salim S Abdool Karim, Benoît Mâsse, Jos Perriëns, Marie Laga
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
The Confusing Law of Informed Consent
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A physician seeking specific guidance on what information he or she should give a patient to obtain informed consent for a particular medical or surgical procedure is confronted by legal confusion. There are at least 17 different rules of law on the question, each of which applies in one or more states. 1 A few states have not, as yet, adopted any rules of law on the subject.  Any physician who undertakes the medical care of a patient unavoidably assumes certain legal risks. He may be held liable for an injury to the patient for any one or more of various reasons. The legal risk arising from lack of informed consent is only one of those reasons. No physician can eliminate all legal risks. At most, he can minimize those risks by exercising his professional judgment and discretion. Whatever legal risks remain, he must accept them if he is to
Screening for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Young Athletes
Authors: Domenico Corrado, Cristina Basso, Maurizio Schiavon, Gaetano Thiene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

For more than 20 years in Italy, young athletes have been screened before participating in competitive sports. We assessed whether this strategy results in the prevention of sudden death from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a common cardiovascular cause of death in young athletes.
Prevalence of Harassment and Discrimination Among 1996 Medical School Graduates: A Survey of Eight US Schools
Authors: R. S. Mangus
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Harassing and discriminating behaviors on the part of instructors or supervisors are known to affect the quality of work performed by medical students, influence their career decisions, and have other undetermined long-term consequences.To assess the prevalence and forms of harassment and discrimination experienced by 1996 medical school graduates.A self-administered survey of harassment and discrimination mailed to graduating medical students.A total of 1001 graduating medical students at 8 US medical schools (4 public and 4 private), chosen from each of the 4 regions designated by the Association of American Medical Colleges for geographic categorization.The number of reported experiences of various forms of harassment and discrimination while attending medical school.Of 1001 surveys, 548 (55%) were returned. Overall, 46% of the students reported experiencing some form of harassment and 41% some form of discrimination from instructors or supervisors while attending medical school. Nonsexual verbal harassment was reported by 41%; sexual verbal harassment was reported by 10%. Discrimination based on gender was reported by 29% of students; discrimination based on race was reported by 12%.Harassment and discrimination of medical students by instructors and supervisors continue to occur frequently, and new approaches are needed to address these problems.