tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using Patient-Initiated Study Participation in the Development of Evidence for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Laurie Fenton Ambrose, Jamie Freedman, Kenneth Buetow, Stephen Friend, Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Personalized cancer therapy offers the promise of delivering the right treatments to the right patients to improve patient outcomes and quality of life, while reducing exposure to ineffective therapies and the cost of cancer care. Realizing this promise depends in large part on our ability to generate timely and sufficiently detailed information regarding factors that influence treatment response. Generating this evidence through the traditional physician investigator-initiated clinical trial system has proved to be challenging, given poor recruitment rates and low compliance with requests for biospecimen collection. As a result, our current understanding of treatment response is inadequate, particularly for cancer therapies that have been in use for many years. Patient-initiated study participation may offer a new model for evidence generation that capitalizes on strong patient interest in furthering research to inform better and more tailored cancer therapies. In this approach, patients are engaged and recruited directly by the sponsor of an Institutional Review Board-approved study, and patients subsequently drive the participation of their health care providers to facilitate collection of required data and tissue samples. The ultimate goal of these studies is to generate evidence of sufficient quality to inform regulatory decisions (i.e., labeling changes for marketed therapies to reflect populations most likely to respond) and treatment selection. Here, we describe a hypothetical prospective observational study in non-small cell lung cancer that could serve as a model for patient-initiated study participation applied to understand molecular determinants of treatment response. Key elements discussed include study design, patient engagement, and data/biospecimen collection and management principles.
Psychiatric Illness in Physicians
Authors: Kim Alan Keeley
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The eye-catching title of this book is a reminder that physicians are not invulnerable to the effects of stress and anxiety, however shielded from these common forces society may deem them to be. In his preface, the author warns the physician with symptoms against following the ancient advice, "Physician, heal thyself." This nostrum has been updated to read, "Doctor, find professional help." As a group at high risk for psychiatric impairment, physicians are advised that prevention and early case finding are extremely important. Unfortunately, aside from the preface, the book consists of previously published material. Chapters such as those dealing with narcotic addiction and the use of mood altering drugs could stand a fresh approach, since they were printed originally in 1964 and 1970. One also wonders if suicide rates for female physicians are still as high as those reported in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This book compiles
Pharmacogenetics of asthma
Authors: I.P. Hall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Pharmacogenetics offers the potential to optimize treatment for individual patients by using genetic information to improve efficacy or avoid side effects. While there are a number of examples in which the approach is already in routine clinical usage, exploitation of this approach in asthma is still under development. A number of examples of possible pharmacogenetic approaches that may prove of value in the management of asthma are discussed.
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma with Signet Ring Cell Morphology: Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Alfredo E. Romero-Rojas, Julio A. Diaz-Perez, Melina Mastrodimos, Sandra I. Chinchilla
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
Gold — An Occult Cause of Low Serum Protein-Bound Iodine
Authors: Aron B. Fisher, Richard P. Levy, Waide Price
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ELEVATION of the serum protein-bound-iodine level (PBI) from extraneous causes not related to thyroid disease has received considerable attention; false depression of this valuable index has received less notice. Although administration of androgens, tri-iodothyronine, diphenylhydantoin and salicylates are known to cause moderate depression of PBI levels, only mercury administration is commonly recognized as a cause of very low values.1 We were recently called upon to interpret the meaning of a PBI measurement of 1.3 microgm. per 100 ml. obtained from a patient two days after intravenous urography had been performed. A review of her history revealed that she had received . . .
Resection of the carina and oesophagus for malignant tumours of the oesophagus or tracheobronchial tree.
Authors: T Ikeda, T Sakai, S Sakai, S Kaseda, R Obitsu, M Iwatsuka
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Resection of the oesophagus together with the bifurcation of the trachea has been performed in three patients with oesophageal carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma of bronchial origin. Two patients had an uneventful recovery and survived five and 10 months but one patient died in the immediate postoperative period from aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure. There has been no report of combined resection of the oesophagus and carina since Thompson9s paper in 1973, but it appears to be indicated occasionally in patients with tracheobronchial or oesophageal malignancy, particularly when it is associated with an oesophagobronchial fistula.
Transient Receptor Potential Canonical-3 Channel–Dependent Fibroblast Regulation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Masahide Harada, Xiaobin Luo, Xiao Yan Qi, Artavazd Tadevosyan, Ange Maguy, Balazs Ordog, Jonathan Ledoux, Takeshi Kato, Patrice Naud, Niels Voigt, Yanfen Shi, Kaichiro Kamiya, Toyoaki Murohara, Itsuo Kodama, Jean-Claude Tardif, Ulrich Schotten, David R. Van Wagoner, Dobromir Dobrev, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Fibroblast proliferation and differentiation are central in atrial fibrillation (AF)-promoting remodeling. Here, we investigated fibroblast regulation by Ca(2+)-permeable transient receptor potential canonical-3 (TRPC3) channels.Freshly isolated rat cardiac fibroblasts abundantly expressed TRPC3 and had appreciable nonselective cation currents (I(NSC)) sensitive to a selective TPRC3 channel blocker, pyrazole-3 (3 μmol/L). Pyrazole-3 suppressed angiotensin II-induced Ca(2+) influx, proliferation, and α-smooth muscle actin protein expression in fibroblasts. Ca(2+) removal and TRPC3 blockade suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation inhibition reduced fibroblast proliferation. TRPC3 expression was upregulated in atria from AF patients, goats with electrically maintained AF, and dogs with tachypacing-induced heart failure. TRPC3 knockdown (based on short hairpin RNA [shRNA]) decreased canine atrial fibroblast proliferation. In left atrial fibroblasts freshly isolated from dogs kept in AF for 1 week by atrial tachypacing, TRPC3 protein expression, currents, extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix gene expression were all significantly increased. In cultured left atrial fibroblasts from AF dogs, proliferation rates, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation were increased and were suppressed by pyrazole-3. MicroRNA-26 was downregulated in canine AF atria; experimental microRNA-26 knockdown reproduced AF-induced TRPC3 upregulation and fibroblast activation. MicroRNA-26 has NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) binding sites in the 5' promoter region. NFAT activation increased in AF fibroblasts, and NFAT negatively regulated microRNA-26 transcription. In vivo pyrazole-3 administration suppressed AF while decreasing fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix gene expression.TRPC3 channels regulate cardiac fibroblast proliferation and differentiation, likely by controlling the Ca(2+) influx that activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. AF increases TRPC3 channel expression by causing NFAT-mediated downregulation of microRNA-26 and causes TRPC3-dependent enhancement of fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. In vivo, TRPC3 blockade prevents AF substrate development in a dog model of electrically maintained AF. TRPC3 likely plays an important role in AF by promoting fibroblast pathophysiology and is a novel potential therapeutic target.
Malpractice Arbitration and Conditional Medical Treatment
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Several of the malpractice-law reform measures enacted by state legislatures in the past few years have included methods for arbitration of claims. The National Center for Health Services Research has published a useful report on the present statutory provisions of the 50 states.1 Under an arbitration agreement, the parties agree to submit their dispute (a malpractice claim) to an impartial arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators for resolution. The regular court system is not used. The hearing before the arbitrator is less formal than before a court; the technical rules of evidence law do not apply. The decision of the . . .
Dynamic appraisals: A paper with promises
Authors: Nico H. Frijda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The proposed dynamic systems model of emotion generation indeed appears considerably more plausible and descriptively adequate than traditional linear models. It also comes much closer to the complex interactions observed in neurobiological research. The proposals regarding self-organization in emerging appraisal-emotion interactions are thought-provoking and attractive. Yet, at this point they are more in the nature of promises than findings, and are clearly in need of corroborating psychological evidence or demonstrated theoretical desirability.
Episodic use of an inhaled corticosteroid or leukotriene receptor antagonist in preschool children with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing
Authors: Leonard B. Bacharier, Brenda R. Phillips, Robert S. Zeiger, Stanley J. Szefler, Fernando D. Martinez, Robert F. Lemanske, Christine A. Sorkness, Gordon R. Bloomberg, Wayne J. Morgan, Ian M. Paul, Theresa Guilbert, Marzena Krawiec, Ronina Covar, Gary Larsen, Michael Mellon, Mark H. Moss, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Lynn M. Taussig, Robert C. Strunk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Influence of Metabolic Control on Splanchnic Glucose Uptake, Insulin Sensitivity, and the Time Required for Glucose Absorption in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Petra Georg, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Katja Mahdjoobian, Astrid Hofer, Rudolf Prager, Giovanni Pacini, Bernhard H. Ludvik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The relationship between splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU) after oral glucose administration and metabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients is controversial. We estimated SGU as well as peripheral glucose uptake and the time required for glucose absorption by a validated method, the oral glucose (OG) clamp, in type 1 diabetic patients with different levels of long-term glycemic control.An OG clamp (which combines a hyperinsulinemic clamp [120 mU. m(-2). min(-1)] with an OR load [75 g] during steady-state glucose uptake) was performed in eight type 1 diabetic patients with good metabolic control (DG) (HbA(1c) 6.1 +/- 0.2%, BMI 23.1 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2)), eight type 1 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control (DP) (HbA(1c) 8.5 +/- 0.3%, BMI 25.4 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)), and eight healthy matched control subjects (C) (HbA(1c) 5.1 +/- 0.1%, BMI 25 +/- 1.3 kg/m(2)) to determine SGU, glucose uptake, and glucose absorption.Glucose uptake calculated from 120 to 180 min during the clamp was 9.13 +/- 0.55 mg. kg(-1). min(-1) in C, 8.18 +/- 0.71 mg. kg(-1). min(-1) in DG, and 7.42 +/- 0.96 mg. kg(-1). min(-1) in DP (NS). Glucose absorption was 140 +/- 6 min in C, 156 +/- 4 min in DG, and 143 +/- 7 min in DP (NS). The respective calculated SGU was 14.5 +/- 5.6% in C, 17.8 +/- 3.1% in DG, and 18.8 +/- 4.2% in DP (NS) and did not correlate with HbA(1c) values.Peripheral glucose uptake, SGU after oral glucose administration, and the glucose absorption time were not different in type 1 diabetic patients independent of glycemic control when compared with healthy subjects.
A Novel Missense Mutation in the Homeodomain of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 α/Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young 3 in a Japanese Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetic Patient and Time-Course of Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
Authors: Takuya Awata, Susumu Kurihara, Kiyoaki Inoue, Ikuo Inoue, Shin-Ichiro Takei, Chikara Ishii, Kiyohiko Negishi, Kazuyuki Namai, Yasunori Kanazawa, Takeshi Kuzuya, Shigehiro Katayama
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)
A Physician's Guide to Adoption-Reply
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —A Physician's Guide to  was not intended to be exhaustive. As indicated by the article's introduction, we focused on those components of adoption that are most relevant to physicians who care for women with unintended pregnancies and for infertile couples. References cited in our article, particularly the Adoption Fact-book , 1 cover many facets of adoption that we did not address. If our article stimulates others to expand the medical literature on adoption, we would be delighted.
ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE DURING ACUTE LOADING WITH RUBIDIUM CHLORIDE*†
Authors: Anne T. Lambie, Arnold S. Relman, William B. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Previous studies have shown that administration of rubidium to normal or potassium-depleted rats results in a) metabolic acidosis (1), and b) ac- cumulation of rubidium in muscle tissue where it attains final concentrations considerably higher than that of potassium (2).Since it was found that rubidium was at least as effective as potas- sium in lowering the plasma CO2 content of po- tassium-deficient nephrectomized animals (1), it was suggested that administered rubidium, like potassium, probably exchanges with intracellular hydrogen.'In view of these facts it was deemed of inter- est to obtain information about the simultaneous renal and tissue exchanges of electrolytes during loading with rubidium.Short term balance stud- ies were therefore carried out on rats given 40 mEq.per Kg. of RbCl over two days, and the results compared with those in control animals given an equivalent amount of KC1.The data to be reported show that acute loading resulted in the rapid accumulation of very large amounts of rubidium in tissues with the simultaneous displacement of an almost equal amount of intracellular cation.Approximately half of the estimated cellular content of potas- sium was excreted in the urine together with a
Kinetocardiographic Findings of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: SOON KYU SUH, E. E. EDDLEMAN
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A study of the precordial pulsations (kinetocardiograms) in patients with acute myocardial infarctions is presented. A paradoxic pulsation (bulge) over either the precordium or the epigastric area was noted in all patients studied.
THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN COMBATING THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN DEFICIENCY ON PSYCHIC PROCESSES WITH REMARKS ON THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC REACTIONS
Authors: Ernst Gellhorn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

A systematic study was undertaken to investigate to what degree the inhalation of CO2 combats the effects of a certain degree of O2-deficiency on more complex cortical processes. It was shown that the typical effect of O2-deficiency on the association process, consisting in the increased number of individual responses and the occurrence of perseverations and dissociations, is completely absent in the same experimental subjects when the same O2 concentration is inhaled in the presence of 3 per cent CO2. The results with regard to memory are similar. Memory is greatly reduced under O2-deficiency, but practically normal in the corresponding experiment involving the same degree of O2-deficiency +3 per cent CO2. Severe changes in handwriting and misspelling occurring under O2-deficiency are described. They are absent if the same O2 concentration + 3 per cent CO2 is inhaled. The time needed to carry out the number cancellation and addition tests is increased under O2-deficiency but no such change occurs if under the same circumstances 3 per cent CO2 is inhaled together with the oxygen-deficient air-N2-mixture. In general, it is found that memory is the most sensitive process suffering from O2-deficiency. As to the relationship to each other of the other processes studied, it may be stated that occasionally muscular coordination, as shown by the handwriting test, is greatly interfered with in spite of the fact that the associative response appears unchanged, whereas in other subjects the disturbances in associations are more pronounced. The characteristic subjective phenomena observed under O2-deficiency are more or less absent in the corresponding O2-deficiency experiment with 3 per cent CO2. The experiments prove conclusively that the complex "psychic" processes described in this paper depend on, and are modified by, the same physiologic factors which determine ordinary physiologic functions.
Legionnaires' Disease Acquired Within the Homes of Two Patients
Authors: Janet E. Stout
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Two patients with sporadic community-acquired legionnaires' disease are described. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from sputum specimens, and seroconversion of antibody titers was demonstrated for both patients. Legionella pneumophila was also recovered from the residential water supply of both patients. In each case, the serogroup of the environmental organism matched that of the infecting organism. In one patient, serogroup 3 was isolated--a rare cause of legionnaires' disease, and in the second case, monoclonal antibody testing confirmed that the serogroup 1 organisms isolated from sputum and residential water supply samples were identical. The incubation period of legionnaires' disease is presumed to be up to two weeks. Because of medical problems, both patients had been confined to their homes for the entire two weeks before the onset of symptoms. This is the first report that links acquisition of community-acquired legionnaires' disease to contaminated water supplies within the homes of susceptible patients.
Identification of atrial natriuretic factor within ventricular tissue in hamsters and humans with congestive heart failure.
Authors: B S Edwards, D M Ackermann, M E Lee, G S Reeder, L E Wold, J C Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In normal mammals, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is present within atrial myocardial cells but is absent from ventricular myocardium. In primitive organisms ANF is present within both atria and ventricle, suggesting that the ventricle may participate both in the synthesis and release of the hormone. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that ventricular ANF develops as a homeostatic response to intravascular volume overload. Studies were performed on cardiac tissue obtained from (i) normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters, (ii) autopsied humans with and without cardiac disease, and (iii) living humans with congestive heart failure (CHF) undergoing diagnostic right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. The myocardium was examined for the presence of immunoreactive ANF using a two-stage immunohistochemical technique, with nonimmune rabbit sera used as a negative control. There was unequivocal evidence of focal subendocardial deposits of immunoreactive ANF present in both of the ventricles of all six cardiomyopathic hamsters, four of five autopsied human subjects with CHF, and five of seven biopsied humans. No immunoreactive ANF was observed within the ventricular myocardium of control hamsters or normal humans. Utilizing crude tissue homogenates and radioimmunoassay techniques, the quantity of ANF was determined in cardiac atria, ventricles, and noncardiac skeletal muscle. Heart failure is characterized by a reduction in atrial ANF and an increase in ventricular ANF. This study demonstrates immunoreactive ANF is present within the ventricular myocardium in cardiomyopathic hamsters and humans with CHF, and suggests that the ventricle may be capable of responding to chronic volume overload by producing ANF.
Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems
Authors: David R. Shanks, Mark F. St. John
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1994)

Abstract A number of ways of taxonomizing human learning have been proposed. We examine the evidence for one such proposal, namely, that there exist independent explicit and implicit learning systems. This combines two further distinctions, (1) between learning that takes place with versus without concurrent awareness, and (2) between learning that involves the encoding of instances (or fragments) versus the induction of abstract rules or hypotheses. Implicit learning is assumed to involve unconscious rule learning. We examine the evidence for implicit learning derived from subliminal learning, conditioning, artificial grammar learning, instrumental learning, and reaction times in sequence learning. We conclude that unconscious learning has not been satisfactorily established in any of these areas. The assumption that learning in some of these tasks (e.g., artificial grammar learning) is predominantly based on rule abstraction is questionable. When subjects cannot report the “implicitly learned” rules that govern stimulus selection, this is often because their knowledge consists of instances or fragments of the training stimuli rather than rules. In contrast to the distinction between conscious and unconscious learning, the distinction between instance and rule learning is a sound and meaningful way of taxonomizing human learning. We discuss various computational models of these two forms of learning.
Hepatorenal Polycystic Disease and Fever: Diagnostic Contribution of Gallium Citrate Ga 67 Scan and Fluorine F 18 FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Julio Francisco Jiménez-Bonilla, Remedios Quirce, Emilio Rodrigo Calabia, Ignacio Banzo, Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez, José Manuel Carril
Journal: European Urology (2009)
JAMA, Korean Edition
Authors: Irving Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1986)

You may have laughed along with millions of other Americans at the characters of the 4077 Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, M.A.S.H., the entertaining and successful television series of the 1970s that introduced many to Korea. Or perhaps, as a participant, friend, or relative of the many casualties of the Korean conflict, your thoughts and memories are more sober.  This peninsula was the subject of worldwide attention during that war of the early 1950s. With the summer Olympic games of 1988 to be held in Seoul, the media are again focusing on Korea with increasing frequency and scope. Many comparisons can and will be made, such as the ever-present tensions between North and South. The result is a display of military presence. We will see Seoul as a city booming with modern construction contrasted against the backdrop of traditional shrines, palaces, and gardens. The skyscrapers of the city exemplify the thriving