tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measuring Race and Ethnicity: Why and How?
Authors: Margaret A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Matrix Revisited
Authors: Andrew N. Carley, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Metabolic signaling mechanisms are increasingly recognized to mediate the cellular response to alterations in workload demand, as a consequence of physiological and pathophysiological challenges. Thus, an understanding of the metabolic mechanisms coordinating activity in the cytosol with the energy-providing pathways in the mitochondrial matrix becomes critical for deepening our insights into the pathogenic changes that occur in the stressed cardiomyocyte. Processes that exchange both metabolic intermediates and cations between the cytosol and mitochondria enable transduction of dynamic changes in contractile state to the mitochondrial compartment of the cell. Disruption of such metabolic transduction pathways has severe consequences for the energetic support of contractile function in the heart and is implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Deficiencies in metabolic reserve and impaired metabolic transduction in the cardiomyocyte can result from inherent deficiencies in metabolic phenotype or maladaptive changes in metabolic enzyme expression and regulation in the response to pathogenic stress. This review examines both current and emerging concepts of the functional linkage between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix with a specific focus on metabolic reserve and energetic efficiency. These principles of exchange and transport mechanisms across the mitochondrial membrane are reviewed for the failing heart from the perspectives of chronic pressure overload and diabetes mellitus.
Secondary hemochromatosis as a long-term complication of the treatment of hematologic malignancies
Authors: Stuart M. Lichtman, Lori Attivissimo, Ira S. Goldman, Michael W. Schuster, Aby Buchbinder
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The increased cure rate of hematologic malignancies including the use of bone marrow transplantation has focused attention on the chronic toxicity and quality of life of the survivors. We have observed five patients who have been diagnosed with clinically significant iron overload, presumably due to packed red blood cell transfusions, ≥12 months after transplant for a hematologic malignancy. In these patients, there is no history of veno-occlusive disease or family history of hemochromatosis. The allotransplant patient has been free of chronic graft versus host disease. Family screening has been negative. No patient developed clinically significant endocrinopathy, arthropathy, or cardiac disease. The patients have been treated with phlebotomy to bring the transferrin saturation and ferritin levels to normal. The long-term follow-up of patients treated for a hematologic malignancy should include analysis of hepatitis C virus and iron status. This may prevent the development of clinically significant chronic liver disease and possibly malignancy. Am. J. Hematol. 61:262–264, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nrf2 deficiency impairs the barrier function of mouse oesophageal epithelium
Authors: Hao Chen, Yuhui Hu, Yu Fang, Zorka Djukic, Masayuki Yamamoto, Nicholas J Shaheen, Roy C Orlando, Xiaoxin Chen
Journal: Gut (2013)

As a major cellular defence mechanism, the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway regulates expression of genes involved in detoxification and stress response. Here we hypothesise that Nrf2 is involved in oesophageal barrier function and plays a protective role against gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Human oesophageal biopsy samples, mouse surgical models and Nrf2(-/-) mice were used to assess the role of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in oesophageal barrier function. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured with mini-Ussing chambers. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine tissue morphology, while gene microarray, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis were used to assess gene expression.Nrf2 was expressed in normal oesophageal epithelium and activated in GERD of both humans and mice. Nrf2 deficiency and gastro-oesophageal reflux in mice, alone or in combination, reduced TEER and increased intercellular space in oesophageal epithelium. Nrf2 target genes and gene sets associated with oxidoreductase activity, mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production were downregulated in the oesophageal epithelium of Nrf2(-/-) mice. Consistent with the antioxidative function of Nrf2, a DNA oxidative damage marker (8OHdG) dramatically increased in oesophageal epithelial cells of Nrf2(-/-) mice compared with those of wild-type mice. Interestingly, ATP biogenesis, Cox IV (a mitochondrial protein) and Claudin 4 (Cldn4) expression were downregulated in the oesophageal epithelium of Nrf2(-/-) mice, suggesting that energy-dependent tight junction integrity was subject to Nrf2 regulation. ChIP analysis confirmed the binding of Nrf2 to Cldn4 promoter.Nrf2 deficiency impairs oesophageal barrier function through disrupting energy-dependent tight junction.
C5-04: Exploring alternate methods to monitor therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM): comparing Radiological Response with Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) and Patient-reported Outcomes (PROs) using the LCSS-Meso Instrument. A study based on 410 patients from the EMPHACIS trial
Authors: James T. Symanowski, Richard J. Gralla, Astra M. Liepa, Patricia J. Hollen, Massimo Pistolesi, Nicholas J. Vogelzang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Quality of life and disease severity are correlated in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M.A. Ben-Gashir, P.T. Seed, R.J. Hay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) in children may affect their daily activities and normal development. It can have a negative impact on the child's behaviour. Little is known about the quality of life (QOL) in children and its relationship to disease severity, especially from a community-based study.To document the impact of AD on children's QOL and its relationship to disease severity.The targeted population, before recruitment, comprised children with AD aged 5-10 years from a primary care setting. Their general practitioners identified potential patients and the U.K. diagnostic criteria for AD were used to verify the diagnosis. Eczema severity was assessed using the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) index. The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was used to quantify the impact of AD on children's QOL. These two parameters were evaluated on two occasions 6 months apart. The Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used in statistical analysis.Of the 116 children attending the first QOL assessment visit, 78 (mean age 8.6 years, 44 girls and 34 boys) were able to complete the CDLQI. Of these 78 children, 71 (91%) attended the second visit, and were included in the analysis. The children's QOL was affected in 65 (92%) and 55 (77%) children attending the first and second visits, respectively. The CDLQI was significantly correlated with the SCORAD at the first and second visits (r=0.52, P<0.001 and r=0.59, P<0.001, respectively). Each unit change in the SCORAD was associated with a 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04-0.19, P=0.004) unit change in the children's QOL.We have shown a positive correlation between children's QOL and disease severity on cross-sectional and over time observation. This highlights the impact of AD on children's life. It also draws attention to the long-term effect on children's behaviour and development. In addition, these findings may imply that the CDLQI could be used as an extra measure of disease assessment in clinical practice and research studies.
Effect of single high dose infusions of aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate on hypercalcaemia caused by cancer.
Authors: B M Cantwell, A L Harris
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Single intravenous infusions of 30 mg aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate were given to 16 patients who had malignant hypercalcaemia to assess host tolerance and the effect on serum calcium concentration. Ten of these patients also received intravenous rehydration or corticosteroids, or both. The serum calcium concentrations decreased significantly after treatment with aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate. Ten patients became normocalcaemic (normal range, adjusted for serum albumin, 2.25-2.75 mmol/l), two became hypocalcaemic, three showed decreases in serum calcium concentrations of more than 0.75 mmol/l, and one showed a decrease of more than 0.55 mmol/l. Only one patient had a minimum concentration greater than 2.77 mmol/l. Aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate was effective in metastatic and non-metastatic hypercalcaemia, and its hypocalcaemic effect was prolonged in some cases. There were no appreciable side effects. Single high dose infusions of aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate could replace conventional daily lower dose infusions, but the optimum frequency of high dose infusions remains to be determined.
TCT-734 Percutaneous Implantation of Stent Grafts in the Management of Vascular Complications in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jaclyn Chan, Alaide Chieffo, Roberto Chiesa, Enrico Maria Marone, Daniele Mascia, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Threatened surgeon has case reconsidered
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A consultant heart surgeon threatened with compulsory retirement from Killingbeck Hospital in Leeds has dropped a High Court action to try to force hospital management to let him carry out heart surgery.

Lawyers for Duncan Walker, aged 54, asked Mr Justice Laddie to dismiss his application for an injunction after Stuart Ingham, chief executive of the United Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, agreed to reconsider his case.

Mr Walker, who sued the trust for …
P71 Training of junior doctors into thoracic ultrasound and pleural procedures–impact of a dedicated respiratory consultant –supervised advanced nurse practitioner-supported session
Authors: F Thaivalappil, D O’Neill, A Ionescu
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> The BTS made recommendations on pleural services. In order to stream-line the elective pleural procedures (other than thoracoscopy) a mid-week session was initiated on the pleural unit at a teaching hospital providing for over 500,000. <h3>Aims</h3> To review the impact of a mid-week dedicated pleural session (DPS) Consultant –led and advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) -supported on the ward –based thoracic ultrasound (US) and pleural procedure training of respiratory trainees and impact on other hospital services. <h3>Methods</h3> This is an analysis of data collected prospectively at the time of the US and procedures over 1 year. US referred to radiology were obtained from a search on radiology database. Changes over a period of six months after the DPS was started were assessed against the six months before. SPSS programme and Chi<sup>2</sup> test were used. <h3>Results</h3> The numbers of US and procedures over 6 months was similar before and after the DPS (N = 297 vs. 260). Procedures performed on a Monday were less after DPS (Chi<sup>2</sup> = 9.21, p &lt; 0.01), but not for Thursdays and Fridays. Procedures done by trainees under Consultant supervision increased with the DPS (Chi<sup>2</sup> = 5.45, p = 0.019), so did those performed by the ANP (from 25 to 66 procedures, Chi<sup>2</sup> = 23.4, p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of chest drains inserted out of hours was 1.8% all were done by trained respiratory juniors. 20% US and procedures were referred by other departments. US performed in radiology were 4%, 0.7% referred by the respiratory teams and the rest mainly from intensive care. No major complication (death, organ injury, empyema, bleeding) occurred. All specialist registrars reached level 1 US. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A dedicated mid-week pleural procedures session improved the training and supervision for respiratory trainees and provides a safe service. This session reduced the burden of procedures performed on Mondays but was not sufficient to reduce the numbers performed before the weekend. An additional session is planned for Fridays. A level 1 thoracic US trained ANP assisted the training of juniors and the provision of service. Most pleural US and procedures are performed on the pleural unit, which reduced the burden on radiology department.
Noncoronary Cardiac Abnormalities Are Associated With Coronary Artery Dilation and With Laboratory Inflammatory Markers in Acute Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Beth F. Printz, Lynn A. Sleeper, Jane W. Newburger, L. LuAnn Minich, Timothy Bradley, Meryl S. Cohen, Deborah Frank, Jennifer S. Li, Renee Margossian, Girish Shirali, Masato Takahashi, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Efficacy of Lifestyle Education to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kazue Yamaoka, Toshiro Tango
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle education for preventing type 2 diabetes in individuals at high risk by meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, as assessed by incidence and a reduced level of plasma glucose 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose load (2-h plasma glucose). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Through an electronic search, 123 studies were identified. A literature search identified eight studies that met strict inclusion criterion of meta-analysis for 2-h plasma glucose and five studies for the incidence of diabetes. All were randomized controlled trials of ≥6 months with lifestyle education that included a dietary intervention. Subjects were adults diagnosed as being at high risk for type 2 diabetes. The difference in mean reduction of 2-h plasma glucose from baseline to the 1-year follow-up and relative risk (RR) of the incidence of diabetes in the lifestyle education group versus the control group were assessed. Overall estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. Those estimates were confirmed by several models, and the possibility of selection bias was examined using a funnel plot. RESULTS—Lifestyle education intervention reduced 2-h plasma glucose by 0.84 mmol/l (95% CI 0.39–1.29) compared with the control group. The 1-year incidence of diabetes was reduced by ∼50% (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44–0.69) compared with the control group. Results were stable and little changed if data were analyzed by subgroups or other statistical models. Funnel plots revealed no selection bias. CONCLUSIONS—Lifestyle education was effective for reducing both 2-h plasma glucose and RR in high-risk individuals and may be a useful tool in preventing diabetes.
Carotid artery stenosis - hemodynamic significance and clinical course
Authors: R. W. Busuttil
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two hundred fifteen patients with a history of either stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or asymptomatic carotid bruit underwent noninvasive carotid artery testing using oculopneumoplethysmography. Of patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis, 51 (40.8%) underwent endarterectomy, and 74 (59.2%) were treated nonoperatively. The incidence of stroke in the nonoperated group was 12/74 (16.2%) compared with only 1/51 (1.9%) in the operated group. Similarly, recurrent TIA occurred in 29/74 (39.2%) of the nonoperated group vs 9/51 (17.6%) of the operated. In nonhemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, the risk of cerebrovascular death and stroke was exceedingly low: 2/90 (2.2%). Patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis treated nonoperatively have a greater risk of cerebrovascular death, stroke, and TIA than patients treated with carotid endarterectomy.
Recent Puerperal Epidemic at Coventry
Authors: M. A. Fenton
Journal: BMJ (1875)

Feb. I3, i875.-ht body should for a molmient be exposed to cold, or for some other equally cogenlt or perhaps unknownii reason, the separation is mysteri- ously accomplished.It is better to avoid such subtegumentary pro- ceedinlgs, involving as they do the expenditure of critical time and a r-isk of the mutilation of a peniis or a finger; and also if it be wished p io prevent that bane of infant wvell-doing, "atelectasis pulmonum'.It may be expected that something should be said about the binder.I have little to say, except in its condemnation, if used for the purpose of restraining uterinie haxmorrhage.If appliedl when the uterus is well cooti-acted, it is useless; if wheni relaxed, it will be injurious by cover- nlg oxver and concealing the source of danger.Its great use is as a sur >,ical appliance in giving support to the relaxed abdominal parietes, iccurli their equable adaptation to the abdominal contenits, and thus Cmcilltating their contractioni and timely involution.On this account, it scither Nvell nor fitting to pull the patient about, when quiet is so -enssetial, t3 adapt the nicely made banidage.An easily applied slip is 1' t-at is needful for the first twenty-four hours.
Preventive pediatrics; child health and development.
Authors: Daniel J. Pachman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The author is a pediatrician who has made the transition from private practice to a full-time professorship of maternal and child health at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Harper states that the purpose of the book is "to bring together in one place as much as possible of the information and research which are pertinent to the health supervision of growing children and to describe the health services, which are, or should be, available to them." Admittedly, the scope of the book is comprehensive, but Dr. Harper has succeeded in writing a valuable and informative book. The entire text is very readable and contains a carefully selected bibliography. Each of the twelve chapters has been reviewed by one or more accepted authorities in the special field under discussion. The first five chapters, "Growth and Behavior," "Growth and Development," "Developmental Physiology," "Nutrition," and "Immunization," should be especially instructive to medical students, interns,
Retrospective comparison of iloprost with other treatments for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Authors: H R Watson, G Belcher
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

One hundred and twenty seven patients who had Raynaud9s attacks secondary to connective tissue disease received intravenous infusions of iloprost in controlled clinical trials. Results of previous treatments for Raynaud9s attacks had been recorded by clinicians in 84 of these cases, allowing a comparison to be made with the response to iloprost treatment. Iloprost was reported by the patients as beneficial in 49 (58%) of 84 cases, whereas only 36 (43%) of the 84 patients had previously found any other treatment to be useful. Twenty four of 48 (50%) patients who had not responded to any previous treatment found iloprost to be of benefit. Success or failure of treatment with iloprost was not accurately predicted by the result of treatment with any other drug, except prostacyclin. This survey suggests that iloprost is a useful treatment for patients with severe secondary Raynaud9s phenomenon and can be effective in patients unresponsive to other treatments.
Secondary and Tertiary Rediversion of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Alexander Brunschwig
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Among 840 patients who received pelvic exenterations which entail total diversion of the urinary tract, a second or even third urinary tract rediversion was deemed necessary to preserve life-sustaining urinary tract function in 72. In those who lived more than five years after pelvic exenteration for advanced cancer, the most frequent cause of death was uremia or urinary tract sepsis. Once urinary diversion is done, constant surveillance is obligatory for evidence of progressing urinary tract deterioration. Rediversion is indicated under certain conditions as a life-saving measure in spite of its substantial risks. The variables in each case preclude the elaboration of hard and fast rules and the patient's management must be highly individualized. Among 58 patients in whom rediversion was done five or more years ago, 24 survived at least five years. Among 14 patients so operated upon within the past five years, three are living. All of the patients originally had advanced cancer.
More on Desert Storm
Authors: Albert P. Sarno
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —We read the article by Keeler et al 1 with great interest. We were deployed in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with the 1st Infantry Division and the 1st Cavalry Division. We were responsible for the medical care of thousands of soldiers who were taking pyridostigmine bromide during the preparation for the ground war and during the ground war.  Unfortunately, the article suffers from retrospective analysis of data collected in a poorly designed and uncontrolled fashion. No prospective, detailed assessment specific for pyridostigmine effects or the temporal relationship of dosing to such effects was undertaken during Operation Desert Storm. Perhaps this would have been logistically impossible. In fact, the querying of only 30 medical officers is probably insufficient to draw conclusions and accurately assess the overall incidence of general physiologic response to pyridostigmine and potential adverse effects.  Within the XVIII Airborne Corps (the group
Physical Risks of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Rudolph Kaldeck, William F. McLaughlin, José Gurri, Joseph I. Wassersug
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ELECTROSHOCK therapy is the most widely used of the somatic methods for the treatment of mental diseases. It is not the purpose of this investigation to describe the therapeutic result achieved or to compare its relative value with other procedures, both somatic and psychotherapeutic. We wish only to evaluate the physical risks involved in this form of treatment. Many papers have been written in the past few years about the subject. Kalinovsky and Hoch,1 in their excellent textbook, summed up their own experiences and reviewed the literature up to 1945. We hope the close co-operation of our medical and psychiatric . . .