tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Slow regional clearance of myocardial thallium-201 in the absence of perfusion defect: contribution to detection of individual coronary artery stenoses and mechanism for occurrence.
Authors: A Abdulla, J Maddahi, E Garcia, A Rozanski, H J Swan, D S Berman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

As a result of the "spatially relative" nature of perfusion defect analysis of stress-redistribution thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigrams, hypoperfused myocardial segments may not appear as perfusion defects but they may demonstrate a slow washout rate of 201Tl that can be analyzed in a "spatially nonrelative" manner. Quantitative analysis of perfusion defects and slow washout rate of 201Tl was performed on scintigrams from 116 consecutive patients with adequate exercise tests, defined as achievement of 85% or more of age-predicted maximum heart rate or development of angina or ST segment depression. A total of 232 diseased and 116 nondiseased vessels were found in the patients. Additional analysis of slow washout rate significantly (p less than .05) improved sensitivity for detection of disease in the left anterior descending (from 74% to 82%), left circumflex (from 40% to 61%), and right coronary arteries (from 78% to 90%) without significant loss of specificity. This improvement resulted from the additional detection of 32 of 232 (14%) diseased vascular distributions when the isolated slow washout rate of 201Tl was also determined. In nine of these 32, isolated slow washout rate was associated with another region with isolated slow washout rate in the contralateral myocardial segment. Coronary arteriography revealed similar degrees of stenosis in the vessels supplying these segment pairs. In 13 of 32 cases, a perfusion defect and a slow washout rate were found in the contralateral segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cannabis and mental health
Authors: J. M Rey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To quantify acute injuries sustained during weightlifting that result in training restrictions and identify potential risk factors or preventative factors in Master athletes and to evaluate potentially complex interactions of age, sex, health-related and training-related predictors of injuries with machine learning (ML) algorithms. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 976 Masters weightlifters from Australia, Canada, Europe and the USA, ages 35–88 (51.1% women), completed an online survey that included questions on weightlifting injuries, chronic diseases, sport history and training practices. Ensembles of ML algorithms were used to identify factors associated with acute weightlifting injuries and performance of the prediction models was evaluated. In addition, a subgroup of variables selected by six experts were entered into a logistic regression model to estimate the likelihood of an injury. <h3>Results</h3> The accuracy of ML models predicting injuries ranged from 0.727 to 0.876 for back, hips, knees and wrists, but were less accurate (0.644) for shoulder injuries. Male Master athletes had a higher prevalence of weightlifting injuries than female Master athletes, ranging from 12% to 42%. Chronic inflammation or osteoarthritis were common among both men and women. This was associated with an increase in acute injuries. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Training-specific variables, such as choices of training programmes or nutrition programmes, may aid in preventing acute injuries. ML models can identify potential risk factors or preventative measures for sport injuries.
Absence of Complete Homologous Immunity in Hepatitis B Infection After Massive Exposure
Authors: CHRISTIAN G. TREPO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Evidence from prospective studies of human cases of posttransfusion hepatitis observed among 299 cardiac surgery patients, and from each of three experimentally challenged chimpanzees, indicates that immunity to hepatitis B infection can be overcome by massive challenge doses. However, all cases of hepatitis in patients with prior immunity have been subclinical. Chimpanzees developed hepatitis and HBs antigenemia when challenged with hepatitis B virus that had an antigenic subtype identical to that used in the primary infection. This response provides evidence against the role of differences in antigenic composition of initial and challenge strains of virus as an explanation for incomplete homologous immunity.
Influence of coronary artery disease on morbidity and mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy: A population-based study, 1971–1987
Authors: Veronique L. Roger, David J. Ballard, John W. Hallett, Philip J. Osmundson, Peggy A. Puetz, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Identification of Surface Residues on Niemann-Pick C2 Essential for Hydrophobic Handoff of Cholesterol to NPC1 in Lysosomes
Authors: Michael L. Wang, Massoud Motamed, Rodney E. Infante, Lina Abi-Mosleh, Hyock Joo Kwon, Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Israel places restrictions on health funds
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Israeli health minister is trying to cope with the country's growing healthcare deficit—which will reach 2bn shekels (£360m, $576m) by the end of this year—by placing stricter restrictions on the four public health funds.

The health minister, Yehoshua Matza, has in recent weeks launched several measures to prove that he is saving money, in the hope that these “sacrifices” …
The use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gold markers in image-guided radiation therapy of pancreatic cancers: a case series
Authors: S. Varadarajulu, J. Trevino, S. Shen, R. Jacob
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

While endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fiducial placement is technically feasible, its role in the delivery of image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of using EUS-guided fiducial markers for delivering IGRT in patients with pancreatic cancer. Following computed tomography (CT) simulation, a radiation therapy treatment plan was prepared for each patient. A kilovoltage (kv) image obtained before each treatment session was aligned with images generated during treatment planning, based on the position of fiducials. Radiation therapy was then delivered. Image analysis was also performed by alignment of bony landmarks (current standard of care). Daily shifts of fiducials between the two sets of images represented movement of the pancreas relative to the bony landmarks. EUS-guided fiducial placement was technically successful in all nine patients and no complications were encountered. The fiducials were easily identified for image fusion and IGRT was delivered successfully to all patients. The movement of the pancreas relative to bones was 0.2 cm (0.1 – 0.5 cm), 0.5 cm (0.2 – 1.5 cm), and 0.4 cm (0.2 – 0.9 cm) in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior, and left–right axes, respectively. This technique may have significant clinical implications in terms of radiation dosimetry.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Gallstone disease
Authors: I J Beckingham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The authors use neural networks to examine the power of Treasury term spreads and other macro-financial variables to forecast US recessions and compare them with probit regression. They propose a novel three-step econometric method for cross-validating and conducting statistical inference on machine learning classifiers and explaining forecasts. They find that probit regression does not underperform a neural network classifier in the present application, which stands in contrast to a growing body of literature demonstrating that machine learning methods outperform alternative classification algorithms. That said, neural network classifiers do identify important features of the joint distribution of recession over term spreads and other macro-financial variables that probit regression cannot. The authors discuss some possible reasons for their results and use their procedure to study US recessions over the post-Volcker period, analyzing feature importance across business cycles. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fixed income and structured finance, big data/machine learning, financial crises and financial market history <b>Key Findings</b> ▪ It is difficult to make the case that neural network classifiers greatly outperform traditional econometric methods such as probit regression when forecasting US recessions if performance is measured on the basis of forecast accuracy alone. ▪ That said, neural network classifiers identify important features of the joint distribution of recession over term spreads and other macro-financial time series that probit regression and other traditional methods cannot. ▪ The authors propose a three-step econometric process for conducting statistical inference on machine learning classifiers, with the goal of better explaining recession forecasts and enabling model outputs to be linked back to the instruments of monetary policy.
Primary clinical experience with the Hall-Kaster valve in the aortic position: results at 3 months including hemodynamic studies.
Authors: S Nitter-Hauge, I Enge, B K Sembe, K V Hall
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The Hall-Kaster pivotal disc prosthetic heart valve was introduced in 1977. The primary goal of the design was to obtain the least possible obstruction to flow. Toward this end, innovations in the tilting axis, disc guidance mechanisms, and disc translational freedom combine to improve flow through both orifice segments of the open valve. The present study reports the primary clinical and hemodynamic findings in 28 patients (mean age, 53.8 years) with aortic valve disease, examined 3 months after insertion of the Hall-Kaster pivotal disc valve. The hemodynamics findings displayed low gradients and high calculated orifice areas. Satisfactory flow was observed through both the major and minor openings of the prosthesis. There were no arterial thromboembolic episodes. The increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was moderate, indicating a slight-to-moderate intravascular haemolysis.
Clinical manifestations, antimicrobial therapy, and prognostic factors of monomicrobial Acinetobacter baumannii complex bacteremia
Authors: Nan-Yao Lee, Tsung Chain Chang, Chi-Jung Wu, Chia-Ming Chang, Hsin-Chun Lee, Po-Lin Chen, Ching-Chi Lee, Nai-Ying Ko, Wen-Chien Ko
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Chromosomal abnormalities clustering in multiple myeloma reveals cytogenetic subgroups with nonrandom acquisition of chromosomal changes
Authors: B Sáez, J I Martín-Subero, F Guillén-Grima, M D Odero, F Prosper, J C Cigudosa, L Harder, M J Calasanz, R Siebert
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
The Guillain-Barrù Syndrome
Authors: Leonard D. Osler, Alvin D. Sidell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE purpose of this paper is to clarify the diagA nosis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome. The diagnosis has been confused by inclusion of many types of acute polyneuritis under this title. We believe, however, that one group of cases obeying strict diagnostic criteria has a characteristic clinical picture, course and prognosis. We recommend that the title "Guillain-Barré syndrome" be restricted to this group.MaterialThe material consists of consecutive patients admitted to the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals, the Haynes Memorial Hospital and the Neurological Unit of the Boston City Hospital from April, 1956, to April, 1959, inclusive with diagnoses of acute . . .
Genomic portrait of resectable hepatocellular carcinomas: Implications of <i>RB1</i> and <i>FGF19</i> aberrations for patient stratification
Authors: Sung‐Min Ahn, Se Jin Jang, Ju Hyun Shim, Deokhoon Kim, Seung‐Mo Hong, Chang Ohk Sung, Daehyun Baek, Farhan Haq, Adnan Ahmad Ansari, Sun Young Lee, Sung‐Min Chun, Seongmin Choi, Hyun‐Jeung Choi, Jongkyu Kim, Sukjun Kim, Shin Hwang, Young‐Joo Lee, Jong‐eun Lee, Wang‐rim Jung, Hye Yoon Jang, Eunho Yang, Wing‐Kin Sung, Nikki P. Lee, Mao Mao, Charles Lee, Jessica Zucman‐Rossi, Eunsil Yu, Han Chu Lee, Gu Kong
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatic resection is the most curative treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but is associated with a high recurrence rate, which exceeds 50% at 5 years after surgery. Understanding the genetic basis of hepatocellular carcinoma at surgically curable stages may enable the identification of new molecular biomarkers that accurately identify patients in need of additional early therapeutic interventions. Whole exome sequencing and copy number analysis was performed on 231 hepatocellular carcinomas (72% with hepatitis B viral infection) that were classified as early-stage hepatocellular carcinomas, candidates for surgical resection. Recurrent mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Unsupervised genomic analyses identified an association between specific genetic aberrations and postoperative clinical outcomes. Recurrent somatic mutations were identified in nine genes, including TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1, RPS6KA3, and RB1. Recurrent homozygous deletions in FAM123A, RB1, and CDKN2A, and high-copy amplifications in MYC, RSPO2, CCND1, and FGF19 were detected. Pathway analyses of these genes revealed aberrations in the p53, Wnt, PIK3/Ras, cell cycle, and chromatin remodeling pathways. RB1 mutations were significantly associated with cancer-specific and recurrence-free survival after resection (multivariate P = 0.038 and P = 0.012, respectively). FGF19 amplifications, known to activate Wnt signaling, were mutually exclusive with CTNNB1 and AXIN1 mutations, and significantly associated with cirrhosis (P = 0.017).RB1 mutations can be used as a prognostic molecular biomarker for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Further study is required to investigate the potential role of FGF19 amplification in driving hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with liver cirrhosis and to investigate the potential of anti-FGF19 treatment in these patients.
Organisation and delivery of perinatal services
Authors: Janet Tucker, Gareth Parry, Peter W Fowlie, William McGuire
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Over the past 30 years advances in antenatal and perinatal care have improved outcomes for preterm infants greatly. In the United Kingdom the neonatal mortality rate for very low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1500 g) fell from about 50% in 1975 to less than 20% in 1995. Additionally, the incidence of preterm stillbirth has fallen so that it seems that many more preterm infants are born alive than would have been the case 20-30 years ago.

With these advances in care comes a higher demand for perinatal services, particularly for intensive care for preterm infants. Services such as neonatal intensive care, however, have a low throughput of patients, use complex and technical equipment, and are expensive. Organising the delivery of these services is not simple.

The level of additional care that preterm infants need varies. Broadly, the level of care is inversely related to the gestational age and birth weight.

Most infants born after about 32 weeks of gestation or with a birth weight > 1500 g need special care only while they establish oral feeding and grow to sufficient maturity so that they can be safely discharged. Often the infant's mother is a major carer. Neonatal nurseries may have transitional care facilities to allow mothers to stay with their infants, particularly when they are establishing breast feeding.

Less mature (or less well) infants may need high dependency care for days or weeks …
Periostin Promotes Invasion and Anchorage-Independent Growth in the Metastatic Process of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Yasusei Kudo, Ikuko Ogawa, Shojiro Kitajima, Masae Kitagawa, Hidehiko Kawai, Patrick M. Gaffney, Mutsumi Miyauchi, Takashi Takata
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer. Typically, HNSCC cells show persistent invasion that frequently leads to local recurrence and distant lymphatic metastasis. However, molecular mechanisms associated with the invasion and metastasis of HNSCC remain poorly understood. Here, we identified periostin as an invasion-promoting factor in HNSCC by comparing the gene expression profiles between parent HNSCC cells and a highly invasive clone. Indeed, periostin overexpression promoted invasion and anchorage-independent growth both in vitro and in vivo in HNSCC cells. Moreover, periostin-overexpressing cells spontaneously metastasized to cervical lymph nodes and to the lung through their aggressive invasiveness in an orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC. Interestingly, periostin was highly expressed in HNSCCs in comparison with normal tissues, and the level of periostin expression was well correlated with the invasiveness of HNSCC cases. In summary, these findings suggest that periostin plays an important role in the invasion and anchorage-independent growth of HNSCC. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 6928-35)
Vitamin B6 concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: S N Zaman, J M Tredger, P J Johnson, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Etude de 17 malades atteints de cirrhose dont 10 avec hepatome, 5 atteints d'hepatome sans cirrhose et 9 sujets sains. Les quantites totales de pridoxal plasmatique sont normales chez la plupart des malades. Une carence en pyridoxal-5-phosphate peut etre observee elle ne serait pas due a un apport insuffisant ni a un defaut d'absorption, mais plutot a un exces de degradation
Scope, Specifics of Maternal Drug Use, Effects on Fetus Are Beginning to Emerge From Studies
Authors: Suzann Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

LIMITED DATA are available on the number of women in the United States who use drugs during pregnancy or on the number of babies born with drugassociated defects. Studies conducted so far have been small and there has not been much uniformity of approach, according to Edgar Adams, PhD, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Rockville, Md. <h3>15% Substance Abuse?</h3> The NIDA researchers estimate that of 56 million American women between 15 and 44 years of age, 15% (or about 8 million) are currently substance abusers. These findings, organized for a New York Academy of Sciences conference (<i>NY Academy Sci</i>. 1988;3:1,10-11), are based on data extracted from the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, conducted by the NIDA on 8038 households (DHHS publication no.[ADM]88-1586). Drug use appears from the agency's data to be increasing. Of women aged 18 years and over, some 5 640 000 used marijuana in 1985—an
Abstract 4984: Phosporylation of eIF4E confer resistance to cellular stress
Authors: Santiago Ramon y Cajal, Trond Aasen, Alba Martínez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E mediates eIF4F association with the mRNA 5′ cap structure and is an essential factor for canonical protein translation. eIF4E can act as an oncogene when overexpressed in cell lines and high levels of eIF4E and phosporylated peIF4E have been described in a large number of human tumors. eIF4E has also been described as a component of cytoplasmic stress granules and processing bodies. Importantly, non-phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (often in response to stress) binds eIF4E to suppress protein translation. We demonstrated previously that high levels of peIF4E were associated with resistance to this suppressor effect in carcinoma cell lines. Because the role of peIF4E is not yet well established, we evaluated the role of eIF4E phosphorylation on in vitro stress resistance. Breast carcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB 231, MBA- MB 468 and HeLa cells) and an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were infected with retrovirus expressing wild type, hyperphosporylated (S209D) or hypophosporylated (S209D) mutants of eIF4E. Cells were subjected to different types of stress including oxidative (Arsenite), nutrient starving and cisplatin treatment. Immediate and long term response to stress was evaluated using colony formation, MTT cell proliferation assays, co-inmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence microscopy. A significantly greater recovery after all forms of stress was observed in all the cell lines expressing hyperphosporylated eIF4E-S209D. After treatment with arsenite there was an increase of peIF4E, 4E-T and Hur and importantly higher increase of levels of Hur, CyclinD1, Mcl-1 and eIF4G in eIF4E-S209D expressing cells. Under normal condition we observed a unique colocalitzation of 4E-T and eIF4E-S209D in cytoplasmic bodies. This complex colocalize with Ago2 but not with markers of the stress granules (TIA-1) and processing bodies (DCP1A). By co-immunopreciptation, we observed that peIF4E binds to its carrier protein 4E-T, Ago2 and Hur. Conclusions: Phosphorylated eIF4E confer resistance to several stress conditions, including oxidative stress, DNA damage and nutrient deprivation. The fact that there was a relevant and significant increase of proteins such as Cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and Hur suggests that phosporylated eIF4E has an important role in selectively stimulating RNA translation under stress conditions, possibly via the formation of a unique type of 4E-T/peIF4E cytoplasmic bodies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4984. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4984
Medical Adrenalectomy With Aminoglutethimide
Authors: Eugene P. Flannery
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Santen et al (230:1661, 1974) is certainly an excellent and useful contribution in regard to the pharmacology of aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone interaction. There are, however, points that deserve comment. The authors state that large doses of glucocorticoids are established in the treatment of breast cancer. A review of 12 of the cited references fails to establish either the efficacy or the dose response relationship of glucocorticoids (Table).<sup>1-12</sup>In addition, the cited studies did not utilize the now accepted criteria of objective partial remission, ie, greater than or equal to 50% reduction in the product of the two greatest diameters of palpable or measurable lesions. In regard to the response data cited for aminoglutethimide, the earlier series did achieve objective partial remissions in three of nine cases.<sup>13</sup>However, of the 22 patients reported by the authors of the current study, there were