tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet B radiation was increased at ground level in Scotland during a period of ozone depletion
Authors: H. MOSELEY, R.M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The potentially harmful effects associated with stratospheric ozone depletion are widely acknowledged. As the ozone layer principally absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation of wavelengths below 290 nm, reductions in stratospheric ozone levels are likely to result in increased UVB at the earth's surface, with the risk of increased incidence of skin cancer. Measuring the sun's spectrum at ground level requires sophisticated and reliable spectral instruments. Results are reported for this for the first time in the U.K. using spectral instruments, showing a significant increase in short wavelength UV radiation at a time of depleted stratospheric ozone. If this trend increases, future ozone depletion could contribute to known risks for cutaneous malignancies of all types.
Medicine and Social Policy — Exhibition of Medical Photography — 25-Year Follow-up Report
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

PRESENT-DAY discussions on medicine and social policy are so often clouded by the political aspects of the problem as they affect the doctor and his patients that it was refreshing to hear Professor F. A. E. Crew, F. R. S., treat the subject in a purely objective and philosophic manner in the Sir Charles Hastings Memorial Lecture at B. M. A. House.Professor Crew traced the State's growing appreciation of its responsibility for the health of the people from the time that a commission was appointed in 1832 to enquire into the Poor Laws right up to the formation of . . .
G8 cancels debt of the world's poorest countries
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The world's richest countries will assume the debt burden of 18 of the world's poorest countries—about $40bn (£22bn; €33bn)—after a final agreement reached in London last weekend by finance ministers meeting ahead of next month's summit of the G8 (the world's most industrialised countries) in Scotland.

The deal will include all debts owed by the qualifying countries to the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. Fourteen of the countries included in …
Early diet of preterm infants and development of allergic or atopic disease: randomised prospective study.
Authors: A Lucas, O G Brooke, R Morley, T J Cole, M F Bamford
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of early diet on the development of allergic reactions in infants born preterm. DESIGN--Two randomised prospective trails. In trail A infants were randomly allocated banked donor milk or preterm formula as their sole diet or (separately randomised) as a supplement to their mother9s expressed breast milk. In trial B infants were allocated term or preterm formula. A blind follow up examination was done 18 months after the expected date of birth. SETTING--Neonatal units of hospitals in Cambridge, Ipswich, King9s Lynn, Norwich, and Sheffield. Outpatient follow up. PARTICIPANTS--777 Infants with a birth weight less than 1850 g born during 1982 to 1984. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Development of eczema, allergic reactions to food or drugs, and asthma or wheezing by nine and 18 months after term. Whenever possible the observations were confirmed by rechallenge or clinical examination. RESULTS--At 18 months after term there was no difference in the incidence of allergic reactions between dietary groups in either trial. In the subgroup of infants with a family history of atopy, however, those in trial A who received preterm formula rather than human milk had a significantly greater risk of developing one or more allergic reactions (notably eczema) by 18 months (odds ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 9.1). CONCLUSIONS--Feeding neonates on formulas based on cows9 milk, including those with a high protein content, did not increase the overall risk of allergy. Nevertheless, in the subgroup with a family history of atopy early exposure to cows9 milk increased the risk of a wide range of allergic reactions, especially eczema.
Vulval and Vaginal Haematomata
Authors: J. H. Scudamore
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In obstetric practice haemorrhage continues to be the second greatest cause of maternal death.This paper draws attention to a particularly elusive and therefore dangerous type of haemorrhage which takes place with the formation of pelvic haematomata.Case Reports Case 1.-Mrs.A, a 29-year-old multipara, was delivered normally at term.No episiotomy had been made nor was there any perineal tear.A haematoma of the left labium developed soon after delivery and the obstetric flying squad was called.A large haematoma was found beginning to break through the skin.A blood transfusion was set up and the patient transferred to hospital.Under general anaesthesia the haematoma was evacuated, haemostasis secured, and the cavity obliterated with catgut sutures.The vagina was packed and the bladder drained with a self-retaining catheter.Penicillin and sulphadimidine were given.The post- operative course was uneventful.Her ante-partum haemoglobin was 69%, and although she was given 6 bottles (3,240 ml.) of blood the level was only 63% on discharge from hospital.Case 2.-Miss B, a primigravida, had a normal labour and an uneventful delivery, save that a small left postero-lateral episiotomy was performed.Before this could be repaired a haematoma of the left labium.began to form, causing intense pain.A transvaginal pudendal block was introduced; this relieved the pain immediately, allowing-the haematoma to be evacuated through the episiotomy wound.Haemostasis was secured and the cavity obliterated with catgut sutures.The episiotomy was repaired in the usual way.The puerperium was normal and the wound healed well.Case 3.-Mrs.C, a primigravida aged 35, was delivered with forceps under pudendal-block anaesthesia.An episiotomy was repaired with catgut.Two hours later she complained of pain in
Detecting Digitalis Toxicity-Reply
Authors: James E. Doherty
Journal: JAMA (1978)

I would like to thank Mr Tideiksaar for his comments, which certainly reinforce the thrust of the article. Digitalis toxicity must not be based only on the serum level of the drug. A feature of the CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY series is its brevity, and I regret that I did not make the points stated in the letter clear. I agree with all of Mr Tideiksaar's remarks.
Are CSF Biomarkers Ready for Prime Time as Diagnostics for Alzheimer Disease?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperbaric Oxygenation in Treatment of Gas Gangrene
Authors: David R. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

GAS GANGRENE is the term applied to grave infections produced by a group of anaerobic bacteria of the clostridial group. The clostridial group are ubiquitous and are found in soil, dust, feces, plaster, etc. They require an anaerobic environment to flourish and are easily killed by several antibiotics. Their great tenacity in in vivo infection lies in their ability to dissolve and destroy the surrounding tissues forming a wide enough buffer zone so that no antibiotics can reach them. The characteristic sickly sweet odor and gas of these infections is due to the anaerobic proteolysis with formation of protein breakdown products. Almost all clinicians feel that the usual cause of death in these infections is localized massive electrolyte shifts that are finally unable to be tolerated by the individual. The patient to be presented gave a hint of this during her clinical course.  These infections usually make themselves apparent about
Further Experience with Azathioprine in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. Harris, J. D. Jessop, D. M. C. de Saintonge
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Azathioprine has been shown to reduce the steroid requirements of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Twenty-seven patients treated with azathioprine have now been followed up for 30 months. At the end of this period only 10 were still taking the drug. Maximum steroid reduction occurred within the first 12 months of treatment. Some steroid-sparing effect seemed to persist after the drug was stopped. There was no evidence that azathioprine prevented radiological deterioration. No deaths occurred and toxic effects always reversed on stopping the drug.
NO and cholinergic signalling in the heart: divergent routes to regulatory phosphorylation of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel
Authors: K Groschner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Voltage-gated cardiac L-type channels (CaV1.2a) are a pivotal signalling element involved in the control of myocardial function by the autonomic nervous system. Dual control of Ca2+ entry into cardiac myocytes by sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli is likely to converge on reversible phosphorylation of CaV1.2a channels, a process that is governed by cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. The molecular basis of this regulation, and in particular the role cGMP-dependent phosphorylation in cholinergic suppression of Ca2+ entry, is still obscure. In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Schroder et al. [1] report that transgenic over-expression of cGMP-dependent kinase I (PKG I) promotes the inhibitory modulation of cardiac Ca2+ channels by the NO/cGMP pathway but not channel inhibition via muscarinic receptor stimulation. The study confirms the role of cGMP-dependent phosphorylation as an important pathway for downregulation of CaV1.2a channels, but provides also a strong argument against involvement of this mechanism in the control of cardiac Ca2+ entry by the autonomic nervous system.

At the level of intracellular messengers, the opposing modulation of cardiac function by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system has been attributed to opposing effects of the two cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP, according to the “yin-yang” hypotheses proposed in 1975 [2]. This principle was repeatedly demonstrated to govern cardiac (CaV1.2a) Ca … 

*Tel.: +43-316-380-5570; fax: +43-316-380-9890. Email address: klaus.groschner{at}uni-graz.at
Benign Cystic Mesothelioma
Authors: Marie Meyer, Yann Godbert, Isabelle Soubeyran, Anne-Laure Cazeau, Francoise Bonichon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Whole-body (131I) scintigraphy (WBS) is used to detect residual or metastatic tissue during treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in combination with thyroglobulin (Tg) and ultrasonography of the neck. It is a highly sensitive method, but there is a high rate of false positives. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with false-positive iodine accumulation in a benign cystic mesothelioma discovered during treatment for a oncocytic follicular thyroid carcinoma (stage pT2 pNx Mx). This lesion was detected by WBS and confirmed by surgery and histopathologic analysis.
1027-186 High angiotensin II responsiveness relates to decreased endothelium dependent relaxation in human arteries
Authors: Peter Paul van Geel, Yigal M Pinto, Hendrik Buikema, Adriaan A Voors, Margreeth Oosterga, Dirk Jan van Veldhuisen, Wiek H van Glist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Update in Lung Transplantation 2008
Authors: Vibha N. Lama
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Studies in lung transplantation in 2008 extended many of the advances made during the previous year (1). A summary of trends in adult lung transplantation was provided by the Twenty-fifth Official Report from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) registry (2). The number of lung transplantations, which has steadily increased since the beginning of this decade, demonstrated stabilization near its peak. Some notable observations in the past year included a new high in both average donor and recipient age and a continuing increase in the proportion of bilateral lung transplantation. Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema (COPD) is still the major indication for lung transplantation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) now accounts for 26% of pretransplant diagnoses. Benchmark survival rates were reported as 78% at 1 year, 63% at 3 years, 51% at 5 years, and 28% at 10 years. The survival half-life continues to be approximately 5 years, and no significant change was noted in the reported half-life of 7.3 years among 1-year survivors.
Anticoagulant therapy for prevention of spontaneous abortion in a patient with a lupus anticoagulant
Authors: A. Mark Joffe, Christopher F. Hoskins, Sandra C. Ghitter‐Mannes, Michael J. Mant
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Lupus anticoagulants are associated with venous and arterial thrombosis and with recurrent spontaneous abortion resulting from placental infarction. Treatment with high‐dose pred‐nisone and aspirin has been reported to reduce the otherwise very high frequency of spontaneous abortion in affected women. We report the case of a young woman with an idiopathic lupus anticoagulant who had a history of arterial and venous thrombosis and of previous spontaneous abortion; anticoagulation throughout pregnancy was associated with normal fetal growth and with an absence of placental infarction. We conclude that anticoagulation without concurrent prednisone or aspirin may provide an alternative approach to prevention of habitual abortion in some women with lupus anticoagulants.
Abstract LB-324: The cancer risks and life shortening effect of low and very low cholesterol among Asians
Authors: Chi-Pang Wen, Xifeng Wu, Yi Chen Yang, Min Kuang Tsai, Chung Yi Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Attention has been focused on the increased risk of high cholesterol, but the effect of low cholesterol remains unclear and receives little attention. Method: The study cohort, 537,430 adults in Taiwan who went through a medical screening program between 1996 and 2008, was followed up for an average of 8.5 years for mortality and cancer incidence, with 18,745 deaths and 17,714 cancer cases identified. Low and very low cholesterol or LDL were defined as &amp;lt; 180 and &amp;lt;160, or &amp;lt;110 and &amp;lt;90 mg/dL, respectively. Cox proportionate model was used for hazard ratio (HR) calculation, by controlling for all relevant risk factors (Age, gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, blood pressure, blood sugar, physical activity and anemia) Results: One out of four (24.6%) had low cholesterol and 7.5% had very low cholesterol, in contrast to 10.4% with high cholesterol. Increases in all cancer mortality were found for those with low cholesterol (HR:1.41, with 95% 1.3-1.5) and very low cholesterol (HR: 1.58 with 95% 1.4-1.7), with 180-239 mg/dL as reference. Similar results were seen for cancer incidence. The increase came prominently from liver cancer (HR:2.86), and the increases remained after all deaths or all cancer incidences within the first 3 years were excluded (HR: 1.31), or after HBV carriers were excluded (HR: 1.33). All cancer mortality increased by 1% for every unit decrease of cholesterol across all levels. With 60% increase in all-cause mortality, the life span of very low cholesterol was shortened by 5-6 years. Conclusion: Found in 1/4 of adult Asians, subjects with low cholesterol (&amp;lt;180 mg/dL), a level commonly reached by those taking statins or on vegetarian diet, had approximately 50% increase in cancer risks. The inverse relationship existed across all levels of cholesterol, with 10% increase for every 10-unit decrease. Those with very low cholesterol had their life span shortened by 5-6 years. While reverse causation with pre-clinical cancer cases could be responsible, the fact that the cancer risks remained after excluding first three years of cancer implied low cholesterol is an independent risk factor or risk marker for all cancer. In this Asian community, low cholesterol should receive as much attention as high cholesterol. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-324. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-324
Acute endotoxin tolerance downregulates superoxide anion release by the perfused liver and isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells
Authors: Abraham P. Bautista, John J. Spitzer
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

This work is based on the hypothesis that low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppresses the stimulatory and priming effects of a subsequent high-dose endotoxin on the formation of toxic oxygen-derived radicals by the perfused liver and isolated hepatic nonparenchymal cells. Such effects may in turn contribute to hyposensitivity to the lethal effect of large doses of endotoxin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a nonlethal ("low-dose") intravenous injection of Escherichia coli LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 12 to 120 hours before they were challenged by a "large dose" of endotoxin (10 mg/kg). Three hours after LPS challenge, the livers were perfused, and superoxide release was determined. Nonparenchymal cells were also isolated for the determination of superoxide anion formation in vitro. There was a low rate (0.14 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/g liver weight) of superoxide generated by the perfused livers from rats that received the low-dose LPS 1 to 5 days previously. Control livers generated less than 0.08 nmol superoxide. A high rate (1.3 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/g) of superoxide release was measured in the perfused liver 4 hours after treatment of previously untreated control rats with large-dose LPS. This was attenuated to 0.7 +/- 0.04 nmol/min/g by an injection of low-dose LPS before challenge. This attenuation was time dependent; it failed to manifest at 12, 24, or 120 hours after low-dose LPS. Isolated endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and sequestered hepatic neutrophils from rats given a high-dose LPS also generated significant amounts of superoxide both in the presence or absence of agonists, i.e., phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events
Authors: Hisako Tsuji, Martin G. Larson, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Emily S. Manders, Jane C. Evans, Charles L. Feldman, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Although heart rate variability (HRV) is altered in a variety of pathological conditions, the association of reduced HRV with risk for new cardiac events has not been studied in a large community-based population.The first 2 hours of ambulatory ECG recordings obtained on subjects of the Framingham Heart Study who were free of clinically apparent coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure were reprocessed to assess HRV. Five frequency-domain measures and three time-domain measures were obtained. The associations between HRV measures and the incidence of new cardiac events (angina pectroris, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or congestive heart failure) were assessed with proportional hazards regression analyses. There were 2501 eligible subjects with a mean age of 53 years. During a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, cardiac events occurred in 58 subjects. After adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and other relevant risk factors, all HRV measures except the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power were significantly associated with risk for a cardiac event (P = .0016 to .0496). A one-standard deviation decrement in the standard deviation of total normal RR intervals (natural log transformed) was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.47 for new cardiac events (95% confidence interval of 1.16 to 1.86).The estimation of HRV by ambulatory monitoring offers prognostic information beyond that provided by the evaluation of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Low Birth Weight as a Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes, Diabetes, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy
Authors: David J. Pettitt, Lois Jovanovic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Small size at birth as a risk factor for the development of diabetes or other metabolic disorders has been described in numerous populations over the past 2 decades (1–12). Most studies dealing with children or nonpregnant adults have reported an inverse linear relationship between birth size and the prevalence of disease (1–4,6–10), but the relationship among the Pima Indians from Arizona has been described as “U-shaped” because the high risk is seen in individuals with high birth weight as well as low birth weight (5). Several reasons for this relationship have been proposed (13) and a similar finding was subsequently reported among schoolchildren in Taiwan (11). Since the 4th International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, where the association between a woman's birth weight and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pregestational diabetes was first presented (14), there have been several similar reports in the literature. The purpose of this article is to review some of the recently published data on this relationship, which is well described in the general population but still less studied among pregnant women.

Table 1 presents results of studies presenting data on a woman's birth weight as a risk factor for GDM (14– …
Cardiovascular complications of recreational drugs
Authors: A Ghuran, L R van der Wieken, J Nolan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The consumption of recreational drugs has reached epidemic proportions. Forty five million European Union citizens have used cannabis at some time, with proportionately higher use among younger people.1 The consumption of harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin is rising, with an estimated 1.5 million problem users in the European Union. Drug use is commonly associated with complications, including an increased risk of premature death. 1 2 In particular, recreational drugs have profound effects on cardiovascular function. Some studies suggest that adverse cardiac events are relatively uncommon, 1 3-5 though recent data from the United States indicate that one in four myocardial infarcts in people aged 18-45 years can be linked to cocaine use, suggesting that variation in definitions may contribute to under-reporting. 1 6

Many physicians will encounter patients with cardiovascular problems related to recreational drug misuse. In addition to the problems posed by self administration, massive overdoses may occur in individuals who attempt to smuggle illegal drugs by ingesting packets which rupture in the gastrointestinal tract; and inadvertent ingestion of recreational drugs by children has been reported. …
Noninvasive imaging of cardiag transplantation rejection in primates using two new antimyosin imaging agents
Authors: Robert A. Vaccarino, Juan E. Sanchez, Lynne L. Johnson, Theodore S.T. Wang, David W. Seldin, Charles Marboe, Patrick Egbe, Ketan Bhatia, Eric A. Rose, Ban A. Khaw
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)