tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interaction of target cell-bound C3bi and C3d with human lymphocyte receptors. Enhancement of antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity.
Authors: H Perlmann, P Perlmann, R D Schreiber, H J Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The occurrence and distribution of distinct receptors for three C3 fragments on purified human blood lymphocytes were studied by rosette formation. Indicator cells were bovine, chicken, or sheep erythrocytes (E) bearing up to 100,000 molecules of human C3b (EC3b) without antibody. EC3b was converted to C3bi-bearing-E (EC3bi) with purified C3b inactivator (factor I) and beta1H (factor H), and to C3d-bearing E (EC3d) by treatment of EC3bi with trypsin. Using bovine E (Eb) as indicators, approximately 11% of the lymphocytes bound EbC3b, 6% bound EbC3bi and 2% bound EbC3d. Fractionation of the lymphocytes by adsorption to monolayers of C3-fragment-bearing Eb or by rosetting indicated that most of the cells with receptors for C3b were distinct from those having receptors for C3bi and/or C3d. Cells from two lymphoblastoid cell lines (Raji and Daudi) formed strong rosettes with EC3b, which were weak. 51Cr-labeled E was used as a target in antibody, C3-fragment-bearing E was not lysed by the lymphocytes. However, at suboptimal concentrations of IgG enhancing capacity of the fragments occurred in the order of C3bi greater than C3d greater than C3b. In addition, C3-fragment-bearing cells inhibited the lysis of antibody-coated cells not concluded that target cell bound C3 fragments enhance ADCC by improving contact between target cells and those effector cells which have C3 receptors. Cell-bound C3 effector cells. It is proposed that certain lymphocytes are capable of interacting with C3bi in addition to C3b and C3d and that C3bi and C3d have a greater regulatory effect on their cytolytic function than C3b.
FATIGUE AS A FACTOR IN THE CAUSE AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS DISEASE
Authors: H. A. PATTISON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The discovery of the bacillus of tuberculosis by Koch, in 1882, inspired the hope of a speedy solution of all the perplexities surrounding this illusive disease, tuberculosis, with its protean manifestations. Forty years of effort with hundreds of students of tuberculosis have served further to demonstrate the complexity of the problems to be solved. Krause,<sup>1</sup>on the one hand, claims great accretions to our knowledge, while Lawrason Brown 2 declares: "We are all impressed by the fact that many utterances relating to this subject, often ipse dixit in character, are sustained not by proof but by weight of authority. In fact, we have had thrust upon us so many half truths that, if we seriously consider the whole problem today, we find that students of pulmonary tuberculosis are in complete accord upon only one fact, established thirty-nine years ago; namely, that pulmonary tuberculosis is due always to the presence
VASCULAR SUPEROXIDE AS A SIGNALING MOLECULE TRIGGERING ADIPONECTIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN PERIVASCULAR ADIPOSE TISSUE, IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Constantinos Bakogiannis, Charalambos A. Antoniades, Alexis S. Antonopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Antigoni Miliou, Costas Triantafyllou, Nikolaos Sfyras, Costas Psarros, Keith M. Channon, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate on hypercalcemia produced by bone metastases.
Authors: M C Chapuy, P J Meunier, C M Alexandre, E P Vignon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) to reduce the hypercalcemia secondary to skeletal metastases and induced by stimulation of bone resorption by malignant cells. Five patients with hypercalcemia due to bone metastases of breast or renal cancer were treated orally for 4 wk with 3,200 mg of Cl2MDP and 4 wk with a placebo in a double blind, crossover study. During the Cl2MDP period of administration four patients experienced a rapid and significant decrease in serum calcium and urinary calcium excretion together with an increase in alkaline phosphatase. In the remaining patient who developed a sudden paraplegia at the onset of the therapy followed by a marked increase in serum calcium levels and urinary calcium excretion, Cl2MDP was able to reverse this worsening of hypercalcemia or to reduce serum and urinary calcium to normal values. For all patients, urinary hydroxyproline excretion was unchanged during the Cl2MDP period when compared with the prestudy or placebo periods. From these results, and because of the rapid relapse of hypercalcemia during the placebo period or after withdrawal of the treatment, we can conclude that Cl2MDP is capable of reducing excessive mobilization of calcium resulting from bone metastases.
Helping Smokers Quit Around the Time of Surgery
Authors: Dhruv Khullar, Steven A. Schroeder, John Maa
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Intravital microscopy identifies selectins that regulate T cell traffic into allografts
Authors: Thomas R. Jones, Nozomu Shirasugi, Andrew B. Adams, Thomas C. Pearson, Christian P. Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

T cell homing to sites of injury and inflammation is a critical step for adaptive immune responses. While much has been learned regarding T cell homing to lymphoid tissues, few studies have directly observed trafficking events during an effector response. In this study, we developed a model that uses intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy to determine the molecules critical to T cell rolling within skin allograft microvasculature during the effector phase of the rejection response. Additional studies were performed to quantify T cell infiltrates as rejection progressed. We found that P-selectin and E-selectin expressed on postcapillary venules play overlapping roles in the recruitment of activated T cells in a SCID reconstitution model of skin graft rejection and are important in T cell accumulation at the graft site. Surprisingly, we also found that naive T cells are recruited and accumulate via constitutive T cell L-selectin and upregulated L-selectin ligands on rejecting allograft vasculature. These data indicated that a specific retinue of molecules is upregulated during the rejection response, and they suggest potential future therapeutic targets.
Incidence and types of preventable adverse events in elderly patients: population based review of medical records
Authors: E. J Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the incidence and types of preventable adverse events in elderly patients. <b>Design:</b> Review of random sample of medical records in two stage process by nurses and physicians to detect adverse events. Two study investigators then judged preventability. <b>Setting:</b> Hospitals in US states of Utah and Colorado, excluding psychiatric and Veterans Administration hospitals. <b>Subjects:</b> 15 000 hospitalised patients discharged in 1992. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of preventable adverse events (number of preventable events per 100 discharges) in elderly patients (65 years old) and non-elderly patients (16-64 years). <b>Results:</b> When results were extrapolated to represent all discharges in 1992 in both states, non-elderly patients had 8901 adverse events (incidence 2.80% (SE 0.18%)) compared with 7419 (5.29% (0.37%)) among elderly patients (P=0.001). Non-elderly patients had 5038 preventable adverse events (incidence 1.58% (0.14%)) compared with 4134 (2.95% (0.28%)) in elderly patients (P=0.001). Elderly patients had a higher incidence of preventable events related to medical procedures (such as thoracentesis, cardiac catheterisation) (0.69% (0.14%) v 0.13% (0.04%)), preventable adverse drug events (0.63% (0.14%) v 0.17% (0.05%)), and preventable falls (0.10% (0.06%) v 0.01% (0.02%)). In multivariate analyses, adjusted for comorbid illnesses and case mix, age was not an independent predictor of preventable adverse events. <b>Conclusion:</b> Preventable adverse events were more common among elderly patients, probably because of the clinical complexity of their care rather than age based discrimination. Preventable adverse drug events, events related to medical procedures, and falls were especially common in elderly patients and should be targets for efforts to prevent errors.
WITHDRAWN: Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis among female students attending health units at three third level colleges
Authors: E.O'.C. O'Connell, F.L. Lysaght, J.O.D. O'Donnell, M.C. Cormican, M.G. Glacken, N.C. Cahill, W.M. Martin
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
[721] OVEREXPRESSION OF MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE TRIGGERS MITOCHONDRIA!. DAMAGE AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION IN MOUSE LIVER
Authors: I. Larosche, P. Letteron, B. Fromenty, A. Abbey-Toby, N. Vadrot, G. Feldmann, H. Van Remmen, A. Richardson, D. Pessayre, A. Mansouri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects
Authors: A. Milunsky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We examined the relation of multivitamin intake in general, and folic acid in particular, to the risk of neural tube defects in a cohort of 23,491 women undergoing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening or amniocentesis around 16 weeks of gestation. Complete questionnaires and subsequent pregnancy outcome information was obtained in 22,776 pregnancies, 49 of which ended in a neural tube defect. The prevalence of neural tube defect was 3.5 per 1000 among women who never used multivitamins before or after conception or who used multivitamins before conception only. The prevalence of neural tube defects for women who used folic acid-containing multivitamins during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy was substantially lower--0.9 per 1000 (prevalence ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.59 compared with never users). For women who used multivitamins without folic acid during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and women who used multivitamins containing folic acid beginning after 7 or more weeks of pregnancy, the prevalences were similar to that of the nonusers and the prevalence ratios were close to 1.0.
Inhibition of purified soluble guanylyl cyclase by ?-ascorbic acid
Authors: Astrid Schrammel, Doris Koesling, Kurt Schmidt, Bernd Mayer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective:l-Ascorbic acid has been described to exert multiple beneficial effects in cardiovascular disorders associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signalling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the most prominent physiological target of endogenous and exogenous NO, i.e. soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Methods: To address this issue we used a highly purified enzyme preparation from bovine lung (from the slaughterhouse). Enzymic activity was measured by a standard assay based on the conversion of [α-32P]GTP to [32P]cGMP and the subsequent quantification of the radiolabelled product. NO was quantified using a commercially available Clark-type electrode. Results: Stimulation of sGC by the NO donor 2,2-diethyl-1-nitroso-oxyhydrazine was inhibited by ascorbate with an IC50 of ∼2 μM. Maximal enzyme inhibition (∼70%) was observed at 0.1–1 mM vitamin C. Stimulation of sGC by the NO-independent activator protoporphyrin-IX was also inhibited with similar potency. The effect of ascorbate on sGC was largely antagonised by reduced glutathione (1 mM) and the specific iron chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (0.1 mM). Electrochemical experiments revealed that NO is potently scavenged by vitamin C. Consumption of NO by ascorbate was prevented by reduced glutathione (1 mM), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (0.1 mM) and superoxide dismutase (500 units/ml) whereas up to 5000 units/ml superoxide dismutase failed to restore sGC activity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that physiological concentrations of l-ascorbic acid diminish cGMP accumulation via both scavenging of NO and direct inhibition of sGC.
Participant satisfaction and value in American Academy of Dermatology and American Cancer Society skin cancer screening programs in Massachusetts
Authors: Alan C. Geller, Allan C. Halpern, Ting Sun, Susan A. Oliveria, Donald R. Miller, Robert A. Lew, Howard K. Koh
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)

More than 1 million Americans have attended the American Academy of Dermatology's Melanoma/Skin Cancer Screening Programs since 1985. However, there have been no reports of the participants' perceived value, satisfaction, and benefits of skin cancer screening.We attempted to measure the benefits and subsequent screening practices of persons with presumptive positive screening diagnoses.A self-administered questionnaire was sent to participants with positive screening diagnoses in Massachusetts.Of the 643 respondents, 81% rated their satisfaction as high and 84% had similar ratings for the value of the screening. Screenings apparently led to an increase in self-screening (60% before screening compared with 84% after screening).Although screening appears to have relatively strong benefits, further studies should be conducted nationally.
Mapping Diabetic Sensory Neuropathy by Current Perception Threshold Testing
Authors: Marc S Rendell, Daniel J Dovgan, Thomas F Bergman, Gregory P O'Donnell, Edward P Drobny, Jefferson J Katims
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Detailed clinical neurological examinations were conducted on 44 nondiabetic volunteers and 59 diabetic subjects. The examinations focused particularly on sensory symptomatic and physical evaluation. Standardized assessment of symptoms and physical testing of light touch, pain, vibratory, and thermal sensation was performed at the hand, wrist, elbow, foot, ankle, and knee. A total symptom score and physical score were defined by summing test scores at each site. Current perception threshold (CPT) testing that used constant sine-wave-alternating current was conducted at the same anatomic sites. CPT correlations with the physical score gave r values of .55 for 5 Hz, .60 for 250 Hz, and .62 for 2000 Hz (n = 618). Correlations with the symptom score were not as strong: r = .45 for 5 Hz, .46 for 250 Hz, and .51 for 2000 Hz. The correlation with symptom score was due primarily to a strong relationship for the symptom of numbness (r = .53 for all 3 frequencies). Correlations with pain and paresthesia were much lower. CPTs for diabetic subjects at the three frequencies were higher at most locations than for the nondiabetic volunteers. However, CPTs were no different from normal values in diabetic subjects without evidence of neuropathy. CPT testing appears to be a useful technique for assessment of diabetic sensory neuropathy.
Isoprenaline induced changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in regions of the rat heart
Authors: U R Tipnis, K Frasier-Scott, C Skiera
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Isoprenaline stimulated increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in cardiac tissues are implicated in macromolecular synthesis and cellular growth, but little is known about polyamine metabolism in functionally distinct regions of the heart. We therefore determined regional changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in the right and left ventricles, septum, and the right and left atria of the rat following the administration of isoprenaline. An increase in ornithine decarboxylase specific activity and tissue polyamine content occurred in all cardiac regions, but the highest ornithine decarboxylase activity was found in the septum. Propranolol inhibited the isoprenaline stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in all the regions. Putrescine increased and peaked between 6 and 8 h in right and left ventricles and septum and declined to a control level by 12 h. Following a peak increase at 8 h, spermidine and spermine contents of both ventricles were maintained at peak levels, while those in the septum declined to control values by 12 h. There was no detectable putrescine in the right atria from the control experiments and in either atrium at 2 h following isoprenaline administration. Putrescine content peaked at 6 h in the right atrium and at 8 h in the left atrium and then declined. In both atria there was a peak increase in spermidine and spermine contents between 4 and 8 h. These results show that there is a regional variation in the accumulation of polyamines in the rat heart following isoprenaline administration.
Permanent, Direct His-Bundle Pacing
Authors: Pramod Deshmukh, David A. Casavant, Mary Romanyshyn, Kathleen Anderson
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Direct His-bundle pacing (DHBP) produces synchronous ventricular depolarization and improved cardiac function relative to apical pacing. Although it has been performed transiently in the electrophysiology laboratory and persistently in open-chested canines, permanent DHBP in humans has not been achieved.A total of 18 patients aged 69+/-10 years who had a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, dilated cardiomyopathy, and normal activation (ie, QRS< or =120 ms) were screened for permanent DHBP using an electrophysiology catheter. In 14 patients, the His bundle could be reliably stimulated. Of these 14, permanent DHBP using a fixed screw-in lead was successful in 12 patients. Radiofrequency atrioventricular node ablation was performed in patients exhibiting a fast ventricular response. All patients received single-chamber rate-responsive pacemakers. Acute pacing thresholds were 2.4+/-1.0 V at a pulse duration of 0.5 ms. Lead complications included exit block requiring reoperative adjustment and gross lead dislodgment. Echocardiographic improvement in heart function was shown by reductions in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension from 59+/-8 to 52+/-6 mm (P</=0.01) and in the end-systolic dimension from 51+/-10 to 43+/-8 mm (P<0.01), with an accompanying increase in fractional shortening from 14+/-7% to 20+/-10% (P=0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 20+/-9% to 31+/-11% (P<0. 01), and the cardiothoracic ratio decreased from 0.61+/-0.06 to 0. 57+/-0.07 (P<0.01). Despite DHBP, 2 patients died at 8 and 36 months. Conclusions-Permanent DHBP is feasible in select patients who have chronic atrial fibrillation and dilated cardiomyopathy. Long-term, DHBP results in a reduction of left ventricular dimensions and improved cardiac function.
Serum basal tryptase may be a good marker for predicting the risk of anaphylaxis in children with food allergy
Authors: U. M. Sahiner, S. T. Yavuz, B. Buyuktiryaki, O. Cavkaytar, E. A. Yilmaz, A. Tuncer, C. Sackesen
Journal: Allergy (2013)

A relationship between serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels, anaphylactic reactions, and clonal mast cell diseases was shown recently in adults with venom allergy, but the relationship between sBT levels and IgE-mediated food allergy and anaphylaxis is not known. In this study, children with food allergy (FA; n = 167) were analyzed in two groups according to the presence (FA+/A+; n = 79) or absence of anaphylaxis (FA+/A−; n = 88) and were compared with a control group (n = 113). Median sBT values in FA+/A+, FA+/A−, and control groups were 4.0 ng/ml (2.8–5.8), 3.6 (2.3–4.5), and 3.3 (2.4–4.4), respectively (P = 0.022). sBT measurements higher than the cutoff values of 5.7 and 14.5 were associated with 50% and 90% predicted probabilities, respectively, of moderate to severe anaphylaxis. Children with tree nuts/peanut allergies had significantly higher levels of sBT than children with milk and egg allergy (P = 0.022). Results suggest that sBT levels may predict moderate to severe anaphylaxis in children with food allergy, which may follow a particular pattern according to the food allergy phenotype.
Focus: Washington: A new season for health reform
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The health system that Congress refused to reform in 1994 has been largely responsible for the reformation of Congress in 1995. The past year's health debate contributed in at least two ways to the rout of the Democrats and the rise of the Republicans in this month's congressional elections.

Firstly, the Democrats, despite holding a majority in the 1994 Congress, couldn't mobilise that majority to support even their No 1 priority - health reform. Secondly, and more importantly, the president became a liability. Bill Clinton was elected as a “new Democrat,” in support of the private sector and against big government. But his Health Security Act was seen as expanding the role of government. The Republicans successfully portrayed his plan …
Exercise-induced abdominal pain: an unusual presentation of chronic mesenteric ischaemia
Authors: Vias Demetriou, W Chuen Liong, D Warakaulle, Shaun Appleton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

Chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) typically causes post-prandial epigastric pain and weight loss, but can present with exclusively exerciseinduced pain.
A Study of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Northeastern Minnesota
Authors: John W. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Training in advanced cardiac life support and defibrillation and community programs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) had limited success in resuscitating patients with cardiac arrest in the Arrowhead region of Minnesota. Factors associated with survival included advanced cardiac life support within 16 minutes, ambulance traveling less than 1 mile (&lt;1.6 km), use of paramedics, CPR within four minutes, and a call for help within two minutes. The use of technicians trained in defibrillation was associated with a statistically significant increase in hospital admissions, but not in survivors. The study failed to confirm the findings of previous studies of resuscitation in some rural areas. It was consistent, however, with reports that associated poor survival in rural areas with poor response times. No victims of unwitnessed arrests survived. Of the hospital deaths, 80% were due to neurologic causes, and overall survival was low. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:477-483)
Patient groups must reveal corporate sponsorship, urges campaign group
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An international pharmaceutical campaign group is urging the European Medicines Agency to tighten its rules that require patient and consumer bodies that work with the agency to disclose any corporate funding they receive. This follows the group’s research findings that two thirds of the bodies advising the agency received “partial or significant” funding from pharmaceutical manufacturers or industry associations.

At the same time, fewer than half of these bodies met the agency’s own financial reporting guidelines, the report by Health Action International Europe shows.

The campaign group investigated the funding and disclosure of 23 organisations that were eligible to work …