tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potentiation of action of warfarin by itraconazole.
Authors: J Yeh, S C Soo, C Summerton, C Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the first recorded association of dysphagia with fluspirilene, although four episodes of dystonia and one dyskinetic reaction have occurred since 1975.Acute dystonic reactions are well recognised with neuroleptic drugs,' but acute dystonic dys- phagia has only recently been reported; Newton- John described the condition in two patients, the causal drug probably being metoclopramide, although prochlorperazine was implicated in one.'The treatment of choice for acute dystonic reactions is an anticholinergic drug.Persistent dystonia, however, may prove resistant to drugs.The treatment options include anticholinergic drugs, levodopa, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, tetrabenazine, and even phenothiazines or butyro- phenones.'Also, with the recognition of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin A in spasmodic dysphonia' this may offer an alternative acceptable solution to the problem of dystonic dysphagia when withdrawal of the causal neuroleptic is not clinically feasible.
Pulmonary Artery Banding
Authors: HAROLD M. ALBERT, RICHARD L. FOWLER, CLAUDE C. CRAIGHEAD, BERTRAM A. GLASS, MOHAMMAD ATIK
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The technic of banding the pulmonary artery is described. Twenty infants with intractable cardiac failure secondary to interventricular septal defects have had banding with one operative and one late death. The operation is palliative, and definitive surgery probably must be done when the child is 3 to 5 years of age. Banding the pulmonary artery is a relatively safe procedure but the mortality of banding plus ventricular closure and unbanding remains to be evaluated.
Ecto-adenosine triphosphatase deficiency in cultured human T and null leukemic lymphocytes. A biochemical basis for thymidine sensitivity.
Authors: R M Fox, S K Piddington, E H Tripp, M H Tattersall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Cultured leukemic T and null lymphocytes are highly sensitive to growth inhibition by thymidine, as well as the other deoxynucleosides, deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine. By contrast, Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes are relatively resistant to deoxynucleosides. Growth inhibition is associated with the development of high deoxyribotriphosphate pools after exposure to the respective deoxynucleotides. We show that malignant T and null lymphocytes are deficient in ecto-ATPase activity. We show this cell surface enzyme to be of broad specificity, capable of degrading both ribotriphosphates and deoxyribotriphosphates. High levels of this ecto-enzyme are found in deoxynucleoside-resistant, Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes. Ecto-ATPase deficiency may represent a mechanism for increased sensitivity to deoxynucleoside growth inhibition.
Relative Cost Comparison of Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease: The First Year Follow-Up of MASS II Study
Authors: Desiderio Favarato, Whady Hueb, Bernard J. Gersh, Paulo R. Soares, Luiz A. M. Cesar, Protásio L. da Luz, Sergio A. Oliveira, Jose A. F. Ramires
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Prior comparisons of costs following CABG and PTCA have demonstrated higher initial costs after CABG but following PTCA, recurrent symptoms and repeat revascularization result in increased late costs and over time their costs equilibrate. The MASS II trial provides an opportunity to compare the costs of CABG and PTCA in addition to a strategy of medical therapy. Methods— We studied the 611 patients of MASS II [Medical (203), Angioplasty (205), or Surgery (203) Study], a randomized study to compare treatments for multivessel CAD and preserved left ventricle function. The costs were: CABG US$ 10 650.00; PTCA US$ 6400.00; new AMI hospitalization AMI U$ 2550; angiography not followed-up of PTCA US$ 1900.00; and medication US$ 1200.00 for medical, and US$ 1000.00 for the other groups. We did adjustment for average event-free time, and angina-free proportion. The statistical analysis carried out was chi-square, t test, and analysis of variance. Results— After 1 year, 49% Medical, 79% PTCA, and 88% CABG became angina-free; P &lt;0.0001. There were 26 coronary angiograms (5 medical, 17 PTCA, and 4 CABG), 23 AMI (8 medical, 17 PTCA, and 6 CABG; P =0.03); PTCA was performed in 7 Medical, 17 PTCA, and 1 CABG, ( P =0.0003), CABG was performed in 15 Medical, 8 PTCA, and zero CABG; P =0.002. The event-free and event and angina-free-costs in the first year were US$ 2453.50 and US$5006.32 for Medical; US$ 10348,43; and US$ 13 099.31 for PTCA; and US$ 12 404.21 and US$ 14 095.09 for CABG group. An increase from expected costs of 317%, 77%, and 21%, respectively. Conclusion— PTCA effective costs were similar to CAGB costs, Medical treatment presented the lowest cost, and however, the greatest increment, and CABG presented the most stable costs.
Hemostasis, Antipyretics, and Mild Analgesics
Authors: C. Harold Mielke
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The effects of acetaminophen and aspirin on the hemostatic process were compared. First, a single 975-mg or 1,950-mg dose of acetaminophen had no effect on bleeding time, platelet aggregation, or platelet factor 3 release in normal volunteers, in contrast with the significant increase in bleeding time and abnormalities in platelet aggregation caused by aspirin. Second, a seven-day course of either aspirin or acetaminophen, 1,950 mg daily, had no effect on specific coagulation factors, platelet factor 3 availability, or the fibrinolytic mechanism. Finally, a six-week course of acetaminophen, 1,950 mg daily, had no effect on the bleeding time in three hemophiliac patients and no effect on bleeding time, platelet aggregation, or platelet adhesion in four normal subjects. Acetaminophen is an antipyretic and mild analgesic that may be useful when influence on hemostasis is undesirable. (<i>JAMA</i>235:613-616, 1976)
Abstract 1420: RRx-001 inhibits glucose erythrocyte and tumor glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Pedro Cabrales, Bryan Oronsky, Jan Scicinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer cells are characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which are balanced by high levels of glutathione (GSH) to protect against ROS-induced cytotoxicity. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), ensures NADPH supply for reduced glutathione regeneration. RRx-001, a novel redox active anticancer agent, derived from the aerospace industry, which has successfully completed a Phase 1 clinical trial and is scheduled to begin multiple Phase 2 studies, induces cell cycle-specific apoptosis through increase in intracellular ROS leading to free thiol depletion. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the mechanism by which RRx-001 targets the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is related to G6PD inhibition. Since red blood cells (RBC) are particularly dependent on G6PD synthesis, we initially explored the effects of RRx-001 on the erythrocytic PPP. Glucose consumption was higher for human RBC (hRBC) treated with RRx-001 (10 μM) compared to untreated cells. PPP was inhibited in RRx-001 treated hRBC. Methylene blue, which normally stimulates PPP flux, did not increase glucose utilization of treated cells. Analysis of PPP flux revealed that RRx-001 inhibits G6PD preventing conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone and reduction of NADP(+). Compared to G6PD inhibitors dehydroepiandrosterone and aminonicotinamide, RRx-001 was 10 fold more potent. Given the critical importance of G6PD and NADPH to fuel both the proliferation of tumor cells and to detoxify ROS, we secondarily investigated whether RRx-001 has anti-proliferative and viability effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT-29) cell lines. Through tetrazolium and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, performed as indicators of cellular proliferation, RRx-001 inhibited cell growth in a dose dependent (1 - 20 μM) manner. The suppression of growth of the RRx-001 incubated cells was correlated with inhibition of G6PD (r=0.81, n=9, P&amp;lt;0.05). RRx-001 also reduced viability of all carcinoma cell lines. Given the key roles of the PPP in GSH metabolism, and the observation that cell lines overexpressing G6PD are associated with the formation of tumors in mice, inhibition of G6PD by RRx-001 is an attractive target, particularly in combination with standard of care radiotherapy or cytotoxic drugs that also generate ROS or free radical intermediates either directly or indirectly. Citation Format: Pedro Cabrales, Bryan Oronsky, Jan Scicinski. RRx-001 inhibits glucose erythrocyte and tumor glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1420. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1420
Outcome Prediction in Node-Negative Breast Cancer Based on ASCO-Recommended Biomarkers uPA/PAI-1 Using the Final 10-Year Analysis of the Randomized Multicenter Chemo N0 Trial Compared to Adjuvant Online™.
Authors: N. Harbeck, C. Meisner, P. Ravdin, R. Kates, C. Friedel, M. Schmidt, M. Untch, B. Lisboa, F. Jaenicke, M. Schmitt, C. Thomssen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Based on interim analysis of Chemo N0, the first prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial using biomarkers uPA/PAI-1 for risk stratification and chemotherapy selection in N0 breast cancer, uPA/PAI-1 are now recommended for routine use by ASCO and AGO guidelines. Final 10-year follow-up of Chemo N0 has validated the clinically relevant long-term prognostic and predictive impact of uPA/PAI-1 in N0 breast cancer. To quantify the clinical utility of this impact, outcomes in subgroups defined by these biomarkers were compared to predictions of Adjuvant Online™, the leading validated tool based on established clinical factors. Methods: In Chemo N0, patients (n=647, 1993-98) were prospectively stratified according to uPA/PAI-1: High-risk patients were randomized (6x CMF vs. observation), low-risk patients observed. Retrospectively, we divided recruited patients into two groups (chemotherapy vs. no adjuvant therapy) and stratified using uPA/PAI-1 (low vs. high). Individual 10-year OS was calculated by www.adjuvantonline.org (Version 7.0); these estimated values were compared to the observed Chemo N0 10-year OS. Results: 383/647 patients have complete 10-year follow-up data. Median 10-year OS estimated by Adjuvant Online™ was 80.5% taking into account administered adjuvant therapy; 10-year Chemo N0 follow-up revealed observed 10-year OS of 74.7% (97/383 died). 77.8% (298/383) did not receive chemotherapy: In high-risk, untreated patients (n=137), 10-year OS was 72.3% vs. estimated 81.1%. In CMF-treated patients (all high-risk, n=85), observed OS was 61.2% vs. estimated 76.4%. Conclusions: For the first time, risk assessment by novel biomarkers is compared to that by Adjuvant Online™ in final data from a randomized prospective clinical trial. In patients with high uPA/PAI-1, the individual 10-year risk calculated by Adjuvant Online™ seems to be underestimated compared to observed patient outcome. Tumor-biological information provided by validated biomarkers thus has the potential of enhancing epidemiology-based risk estimation using only established factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4038.
Lung Tissue Mechanics and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: PATRICIA R. M. ROCCO, ELNARA M. NEGRI, PEDRO M. KURTZ, FERNANDA P. VASCONCELLOS, GABRIELA H. SILVA, VERA L. CAPELOZZI, PABLO V. ROMERO, WALTER A. ZIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

This study was undertaken to test whether there is structural remodeling of lung parenchyma that could lead to tissue mechanical changes at an early phase of varying degrees of acute lung injury (ALI). Tissue resistance (R), dynamic elastance (E), and hysteresivity ( η ) were analyzed during sinusoidal oscillations of rat lung parenchymal strips 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of saline (C) or paraquat (P [10, 15, 25, and 30 mg/kg]). These strips were also stained in order to quantify the amount of collagen and of three types of elastic fibers (elaunin, oxytalan, and fully developed elastic fibers) in the alveolar septa. E augmented progressively from C to P25, but the data from the P25 and P30 groups were not different (p < 0.0001). R and η increased from C to P10 and from P15 to P25 (p < 0.001). Collagen fiber content increased exponentially with the severity of the injury. Elaunin and fully developed elastic fibers remained unchanged in the five groups, while oxytalan fibers increased only in the P25 and P30 groups. In conclusion, the pronounced mechanical changes at the tissue level and fibroelastogenesis happened at an early phase of the disease and even in mildly abnormal lung parenchyma.Keywords: elastance; collagen fibers; elastin; paraquat
National Estimates of Blood Lead Levels: United States, 1976–1980
Authors: Kathryn R. Mahaffey, Joseph L. Annest, Jean Roberts, Robert S. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Data from the second National Health Nutrition Examination Survey showed that 22 per cent of persons six months through 75 years old had blood lead levels under 10 micrograms per deciliter; 1.9 per cent had elevated levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms per deciliter [greater than or equal to 1.45 mumol per liter]). Among children six months through five years old the prevalence of elevated levels was significantly higher (4 per cent) than previously predicted on the basis of fewer data. The prevalence of elevated lead levels was 12.2 per cent in black children and 2.0 per cent in white children. Mean levels of blood lead were higher in blacks than white among children and adults, among young children living in urban and rural areas, and among members of low-income, moderate-income, and higher-income families. These racial contrasts may reflect different lead exposure or absorption (or both). Young children from families (both white and black) whose incomes were under $6,000 had a significantly higher prevalence of elevated lead levels than those from households with incomes of $6,000 or more.
Evaluation of Parathyroid Tissue Transplants by TI-201 Scintigraphy
Authors: O. FRONISTAS, A. STAVRAKA-KAKAVAKI, A. GIOUGI, J. PAPATHEOPHANIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands usually is treated surgically by total parathyroidectomy, which would deprive the patient of the parathormone essential for calcium metabolism. The postoperative management of patients submitted to total parathyroidectomy consists either in oral administration of vitamin D and calcium, or in the transplantation of parathyroid tissue, which would produce the required parathormone. The purpose of this study is the scintigraphic assessment of parathyroid tissue transplantation patients. Eighteen patients were examined in the immediate and during a later postoperative period. The examination had three parts. The first one consisted of the assessment of the viability and function of the transplant by dynamic study, using TI-201. The second part consisted of the acquisition of static images of the transplant, and the third part was investigation for possible remnants of pathologic parathyroid tissue in the neck by dual tracer (TI-201/Tc-99m) subtraction imaging.
Immunological Aspects of the Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

complication in an otherwise satisfying opera- tion, yet the cause is still unknown and treat- ment difficult.This is a book for all surgeons doing breast surgery, plastic surgery, oncologists, almost anyone who can use a knife.It is expensive but surely worth the money.Beautifully produced and profusely illustrated, it is likely to become the standard work on the subject.
Liability for the Psychiatrist Expert Witness
Authors: Renée L. Binder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

An increasing number of general psychiatrists are acting as expert witnesses in the legal system. The purpose of this article is to help psychiatrists who are interested in doing forensic work by informing them of the risks entailed.The author reviews the medical and legal literature about expert witness immunity.The author explains the traditional concept of expert witness immunity and shows how a variety of factors have led to the erosion of this immunity. These factors include the proliferation of experts, the inadequacy of traditional safeguards of potential prosecution for perjury and cross-examination, the growth of attorney malpractice, the lack of protection of the injured party from unscrupulous witnesses, and the ineffectiveness of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. Examples are given of how expert witnesses are being held accountable by professional associations and state medical boards and through tort liability.The author provides risk-management strategies and guidelines for psychiatrists who are considering engaging in forensic work.
Augmentation of insulin secretion by leucine supplementation in malnourished rats: possible involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase/mammalian target protein of rapamycin pathway
Authors: Eliane Filiputti, Alex Rafacho, Eliana P. Araújo, Leonardo R. Silveira, Amon Trevisan, Thiago M. Batista, Rui Curi, Lício A. Velloso, Ivan Quesada, Antonio C. Boschero, Everardo M. Carneiro
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Spontaneous Tension Pneumopericardium
Authors: Robert L. Wegryn, Lawrence I. Zaroff, Robert S. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

SPONTANEOUS pneumopericardium itself is a rare entity that was first described in 1844 by Bricheteau.1 Rigler2 reviewed 72 cases in 1925, and Shackelford3 77 cases six years later, in great detail, and they classified the condition according to etiology. Harp and Peeke,4 in 1949, and Rosenbaum,5 in 1964, reported 22 additional cases.Benign gastric ulcers as a cause for spontaneous pneumopericardium was reviewed by Romhilt6 in 1965. He found a total of 11 cases, nine of which were due to abscess formation after perforation of an ulcer, with subsequent dissection through the diaphragm and pericardium. One case followed a direct . . .
Surgical resections in parous patients with distal ileal and colonic Crohn's disease.
Authors: C U Nwokolo, W C Tan, H A Andrews, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1994)

The surgical resection rates among parous women with distal ileal and colonic Crohn9s disease have been compared with resection rates among distal ileal (n = 197) and colonic (n = 332) Crohn9s disease patients. Thirty of 44 parous women with distal ileal Crohn9s disease and 28 of 44 with colonic Crohn9s disease had achieved their first pregnancy on average 8 years and 6.2 years respectively before the diagnosis of Crohn9s disease was established. Resections for each patient were negatively correlated with parity in both groups. (Distal ileal disease (p = 0.034, rs = 0.3207), colonic disease (p = 0.051, rs = -0.2960)). Patients with distal ileal Crohn9s disease and a history of pregnancy at diagnosis (n = 30, mean follow up = 15 years) had fewer resections/patient when compared with the published resection group: mean (SD); 1.17 (0.65) v 1.57 (1.05), p = 0.006. Patients with colonic Crohn9s disease and a history of pregnancy at diagnosis (n = 28, mean follow up = 16.5 years) had fewer resections/patient when compared with the published resection group: mean (SD); 0.68 (0.77) v 1.05 (0.77), p = 0.019. In summary, patients with distal ileal and colonic Crohn9s disease, who had been pregnant in the past subsequently need fewer surgical resections. Pregnancy could influence the natural history of Crohn9s disease either by decreasing immune responsiveness or by retarding fibrous stricture formation, which is the commonest indication for surgical intervention.
Calcified Leiomyoma of the Stomach
Authors: J. Garbarini, H. P. Price
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

A LARGE, circumscribed, radiologically opaque mass within the left upper quadrant of the abdomen presents an interesting diagnostic problem. The following case has taught us to include calcified leiomyoma of the gastrointestinal tract in the differential diagnosis of abdominal calcification.Case ReportJ. A. (J.C.M.C. 365,965), a 54-year-old mechanic, entered the Jersey City Medical Center on April 25, 1946, complaining of abdominal pain that had begun 3 weeks before admission, when he noted persistent dull pain in the left upper quadrant and constipation. He was placed on a soft diet by his physician, and the pain disappeared for approximately 10 . . .
Treating Hepatitis C in Lower-Income Countries
Authors: Channa R. Jayasekera, Michele Barry, Lewis R. Roberts, Mindie H. Nguyen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

With costs that may exceed $90,000 per course, effective new hepatitis C treatments seem beyond the reach of low- and middle-income countries. But the global rollout of HIV treatment teaches us that it's possible to make these agents broadly available and affordable.
Systemic Hypertension and the Relaxation Response
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Herbert Benson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The relaxation response is defined as a set of integrated physiologic changes that may be elicited when a subject assumes a relaxed position, often with closed eyes, within a quiet environment, engages in a repetitive mental action and passively ignores distracting thoughts. The physiologic changes that result include decreases in oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate and arterial blood lactate, and slight increases in skeletal-muscle blood flow and in the intensity of slow alpha waves on the electroencephalogram.1 2 3 4 These changes occur concomitantly and are different from those observed during quiet sitting or sleep.4 , 5 They are consistent with generalized decreased sympathetic-nervous-system . . .
Mental health of applicants seems to be deteriorating
Authors: Gregory J Lydall, Amit Malik, Dinesh Bhugra
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Organisms that experience large changes in body size during the life span often exhibit differences in resource use among life stages. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use reduce intraspecific competition and predation and are common in lotic organisms. Although information on the immature life stages of the Hellbender (<i>Cryptobranchus alleganiensis</i>) is limited, this aquatic salamander exhibits ontogenetic shifts in habitat use in some streams, with adults sheltering under large rocks and larvae utilizing interstitial spaces of gravel beds. Due to the geomorphology of Little River, Tennessee, however, limited interstitial spaces within the gravel are filled with sand. Therefore, we quantified microhabitat parameters for three life stages of Hellbenders (larvae, sub-adult, adult) to determine if an ontogenetic shift in microhabitat occurred in Little River. We found no significant differences in stream substrate at capture sites among the stages, but there was a positive correlation between rock shelters underlain with very coarse gravel and overall Hellbender occupancy. Although we found no difference in water quality parameters and streambed particle size among the stage classes at the sites of capture, there was a significant difference in the average shelter size among all stages, with larvae utilizing the smallest shelters. Based on these results, future Hellbender research and conservation efforts should consider differences in life stage habitat use as well as specific stream particle classes.