tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Following Correction of Hyponatremia
Authors: Richard H. Sterns, Jack E. Riggs, Sydney S. Schochet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The treatment of hyponatremia is controversial: some authorities have cautioned that rapid correction causes central pontine myelinolysis, and others warn that severe hyponatremia has a high mortality rate unless it is corrected rapidly. Eight patients treated over a five-year period at our two institutions had a neurologic syndrome with clinical or pathological findings typical of central pontine myelinolysis, which developed after the patients presented with severe hyponatremia. Each patient's condition worsened after relatively rapid correction of hyponatremia (greater than 12 mmol of sodium per liter per day)--a phenomenon that we have called the osmotic demyelination syndrome. Five of the patients were treated at one hospital, and accounted for all the neurologic complications recorded among 60 patients with serum sodium concentrations below 116 mmol per liter; no patient in whom the sodium level was raised by less than 12 mmol per liter per day had any neurologic sequelae. Reviewing published reports on patients with very severe hyponatremia (serum sodium less than 106 mmol per liter) revealed that neurologic sequelae were associated with correction of hyponatremia by more than 12 mmol per liter per day; when correction proceeded more slowly, patients had uneventful recoveries. We suggest that the osmotic demyelination syndrome is a preventable complication of overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia.
Pharmacology of the Cerebral Circulation
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This multiauthored book, extremely broad in scope, is divided into 12 informative chapters, useful to both the clinician and the researcher. It is unusual for a text concerned with pharmacology to be largely directed to the physiological, physiopathological, and clinical therapeutic aspects of brain circulation. These discussions emphasize the void still existing in the pharmacology of brain circulation. The editor points out that central nervous system stimulants or depressants are known to cause obvious changes in cerebral blood flow; however, the mechanisms involved in these effects are not always clearly defined. Nonetheless, the discussions of the pharmacology involved in brain circulation is extensive, detailed, complete, and accompanied by more than adequate bibliographies. Of particular interest to the neurologist, neurosurgeon, and pharmacologist, the book has value for other medical specialists. The chapter on central nervous system depressants with its excellent discussions of the cerebrovascular effects of anesthetics should appeal to the
Abstract P5-12-07: Triple-negative breast cancer in African American women - How women in New Orleans compare to the rest of Louisiana and the Nation
Authors: M Loch, X Li, J Estrada, T Reske, V Chen, X-C Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: For years clinicians have made the empirical observation that there is an unusually high number of African American women (AAW) with triple-negative (Tneg) breast cancer (BC) in New Orleans (NO). Knowing the rate of Tneg BC in AAW is higher than white women (WW), we explored the hypothesis that AAW in NO have a higher rate of Tneg BC when compared to AAW in the rest of Louisiana (LA) and the US. Methods: We analyzed data from the Louisiana Tumor Registry, one of the NCI funded SEER registries, for the tumor characteristics of invasive female BC diagnosed in 2010, focusing on racial disparities; HER2 status was not available prior to 2010. We explored the association of HER2 status with age, race, ER, PR, T, N and M status to determine crude and adjusted odds ratios and rate distribution of subtypes using SEER*Stat and SAS programs. With the recent release of SEER 18 data including HER2 status in cases diagnosed in 2010 we also looked at national rates of Tneg BC in WW compared to AAW and compared these findings to NO and LA. Results: Overall age-adjusted incidence rate of Tneg BC in AAW was 34.0 per 100,000 in NO, 27.2 per 100,000 in AAW in the rest of LA and 20.4 per 100,000 in SEER 18. This translates into a statistically significant increase in incidence rates of Tneg BC in AAW in NO by 67% (p = &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to SEER 18. The rates in WW were 11.3 per 100,000 in all 3 locations. AAW with Tneg BC in NO were more likely to have more aggressive BC. Young age, black race, large tumor size, higher grade and TNM stage were significantly associated with the high risk of Tneg BC. After adjusting for age, geographic area, and other tumor characteristics, the higher risk of Tneg BC in AAW remained in NO compared with the rest of LA and locations of the SEER 18 registries. Table 1: 2010 Tneg rates per 100,000 in NO, LA and SEER 18 RateCountRate RatioRate Lower CIRate Upper CIWhiteSEER 1811.33884154 LA11.30512000.99700.85731.1543 NO11.2441320.99160.66501.4340BlackSEER 1820.39961094 LA27.18622041.33271.13841.5534 NO34.0092611.66721.25822.1711 Conclusions: The incidence rates of Tneg BC in AAW in NO and LA are significantly higher than in SEER 18, with rates in NO being the highest. Rates of Tneg BC in WW in all data sets were similar. SEER 18 analysis also confirms a higher incidence of Tneg BC in AAW compared with WW as previously reported in smaller case series. AAW in NO are more likely to have poorly differentiated and Tneg BC compared to AAW in the rest of LA. This newly identified disparity in the AAW population in NO has clinical implications and translational research potential as it enables us to broaden the understanding and treatment of this aggressive disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-12-07.
Transbronchial lung biopsy: A review of 85 cases.
Authors: R A Clark, P B Gray, R H Townshend, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Transbronchial lung biopsy using the fibreoptic bronchoscope was carried out in 85 patients. There were no serious complications; two patients had a 10% pneumothorax and 17 had slight haemoptysis lasting less than 24 hours. The problems of interpreting small biopsy specimens are considered. Satisfactory specimens were obtained without fluoroscopic guidance, particularly in diffuse and lobar lesions. A histological diagnosis was made in 62% of diffuse lesions and compatible histology was found in a further 22%. In a further case Pneumocytis carinii infection was diagnosed. Blind biopsy of discrete periheral lesions was less successful with only one positive diagnosis in 12 patients.
Austrian woman sues doctor and hospital for sterilising her without consent
Authors: Michael Leidig
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A woman who was sterilised by doctors without her consent when she was 19 is suing her parents and health officials so that she can afford treatment to help her have a child.

The 33 year old Austrian woman from Leibnitz, south of Graz, discovered she had been sterilised only after seeking medical advice at Graz Regional Hospital about her failed attempts to get pregnant.

The woman said she was horrified when she heard she had undergone a sterilisation operation. She later discovered that it had been carried out by a doctor at the Bad Radkersburg Hospital where she had been admitted as a teenager for an abortion.

The woman claims that her father told doctors she was mentally retarded and should be sterilised.

The woman, who has learning difficulties, is taking not just her parents but also the doctor involved in the operation and the company that …
Letter Regarding Article by Okoshi et al, “Neuregulins Regulate Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity: Muscarinic Modulation of β-Adrenergic Activity in Myocytes From Mice With Neuregulin-1 Gene Deletion”
Authors: Katrien Lemmens, Vincent F.M. Segers, Gilles W. De Keulenaer
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Medical school: The Middlesex gnomes
Authors: D W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

When I went to the Middlesex Hospital in 1948 the courtyard was a delight. Stone flagged it was shaded by tall plane trees, a pleasant oasis in which to walk or sit. In 1949 the site was vandalised, stone flags were replaced by a lawn, and some of the trees were felled. Popular theory held that those in charge were trying to disburse …
Extent of early ST segment electron resolution in acute myocardial infarction and rowing ventricular dissinergy and stress induced myocardial limb and viability
Authors: R. Ricci, A. Galati, C. Coletta, A. Sestili, N. Aspromonte, F. Rulli, G. Guagnozzi, M. Burattini, V. Ceci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb A24) directed against the transferrin receptor induces apoptosis of tumor T lymphocytes from ATL patients
Authors: Ivan C Moura, Yves Lepelletier, Bertrand Arnulf, Patrick England, Cedric Baude, Carole Beaumont, Ali Bazarbachi, Marc Benhamou, Renato C Monteiro, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Blood (2003)
Right Ventricular Wall “Ischemia” Findings Using a Dual Isotope Protocol
Authors: Ivana Moura Abuhid, Nilton Alves de Rezende
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 74-year-old man with a history of diabetes and arterial hypertension, presented with right ventricular failure, remarkable jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, and swelling of the lower extremities. He was complaining of atypical chest pain and was referred for an echocardiogram and a myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging study. The echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular function with a dilated right atrium and right ventricle, severe tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and an atrial septal defect with bidirectional shunt. The SPECT images showed normal left ventricular function with no areas of induced ischemia but an impressive right ventricle with severe dilatation and hypertrophy. A right ventricular “perfusion abnormality,” consistent with ischemic changes, seen on stress but less evident on rest images was demonstrated on the dual isotope (Tl-201 rest/Tc-99m MIBI stress) protocol but not seen on the single isotope study (rest/stressTc-99m MIBI). Coronary angiogram showed diffuse coronary atherosclerosis but without significant obstruction.
Oncogenic properties of PPM1D located within a breast cancer amplification epicenter at 17q23
Authors: Jing Li, Ying Yang, Yue Peng, Richard J. Austin, Winfried G. van Eyndhoven, Ken C. Q. Nguyen, Tim Gabriele, Mila E. McCurrach, Jeffrey R. Marks, Timothy Hoey, Scott W. Lowe, Scott Powers
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Genetic factors of susceptibility and of severity in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Raoul Poupon, Chen Ping, Yves Chrétien, Christophe Corpechot, Olivier Chazouillères, Tabassome Simon, Simon C. Heath, Fumihiko Matsuda, Renée E. Poupon, Chantal Housset, Véronique Barbu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
FDG Accumulation in Aortic Walls
Authors: YUKIHITO MOCHIZUKI, HIROFUMI FUJII, SEIEI YASUDA, TADAKI NAKAHARA, WAKOH TAKAHASHI, MICHIRU IDE, SHIROSAKU KOIDE, AKIRA SHOHTSU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 65-year-old woman with no symptoms underwent whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for cancer screening. FDG accumulation was detected incidentally in her arterial walls, including the aortic wall. She had no history of inflammatory or cardiovascular disease. Although accumulation of FDG is well recognized in the aortic wall when vasculitis is present, this patient showed no symptoms of active vasculitis during the 22-month follow-up period after the PET study. The aortic wall might be a site where FDG accumulates physiologically in elderly persons.
A NOTE ON CLOSED METHODS OF ANAESTHESIA IN THE SURGERY OF THE CHEST
Authors: J. Halton
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The above case is still a surgical one, but it is recorded here to illustrate the marked healing power of histidine, even in a case complicated by pyloric stenosis.So far the lapse of time sinice these cases were treated is too short to make dogmatic statements.One case has already relapsed, but it is interesting to note that only four injections have been necessary to effect again a clinical cure, and there is no radiological evidence of ulcer in less than three weeks' time.A question that obviously arises is: If there is an absence of histidine, or a failure of its utilization, is cure at all likely to be permanent?It seems that some means of maintaining the supply of histidine must be considered, and that relapse will only be prevented by a continued administration either orally or by injection.Treatment by hiistidine has some beneficial action, however that is brought about, and further trial and study are inidicated.7i 4 2.Treatment ..basedon a new.aetio.ogca.theory. 5.The h e a l i n g p o w e
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Large Gastric Folds
Authors: G. Caletti, P. Fusaroli, P. Bocus
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Large gastric folds are seen in a great number of benign and malignant conditions. Diagnosis is a clinical challenge because the etiology may be extremely varied and standard biopsies are often inconclusive. The gastric wall is considered thickened at endosonography when it is more than 3.6 mm in width. Different diseases show different levels of infiltration of the gastric wall. When abnormalities involve the second layer only, benign conditions can be considered and standard endoscopic biopsies are often diagnostic. When abnormalities involve layers two and three, different diseases can be suspected, including Helicobacter pylori infection and lymphoma; in this case large-particle biopsy should be considered. When abnormalities involve layer four, malignancy should be strongly suspected even if standard or large-particle biopsies are negative. Endosonography, always in combination with fine-needle or guillotine-needle biopsy, should be able to rule out malignancies and to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis with Associated Retroperitoneal Air
Authors: Gordon J. Culver
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE LAST FEW YEARS it has been noted by several authors that pneumatosis intestinalis occurs in lung disease, particularly in asthma, more often than can be accounted for by chance. Doub and Shea,<sup>1</sup>in 1960, reported 16 cases of pneumatosis intestinalis, 15 in patients with asthma and one in conjunction with pulmonary fibrosis. They suggested the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between allergy or asthma and air in the intestinal wall. In 1961, Keyting et al<sup>2</sup>reported seven cases of pneumatosis intestinalis, six of which were associated with pulmonary disease. The concept was advanced that alveolar rupture, pneumomediastinum, and retroperitoneal air advancing along vascular routes to the bowel wall probably accounted for most cases of so-called "primary pneumatosis." They referred to Macklin's<sup>3</sup>work which clearly showed that alveolar rupture could result in pneumomediastinum, which gas could then dissect in several directions, one of which was to
The areal extent of dermatophyte infection
Authors: E.A. KNUDSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

After stripping with vinyl tape, dermatophytes may be cultured throughout the depth of the stratum corneum. In the present study skin strippings were used to investigate the horizontal spread of the dermatophyte infection. In five cases of tinea cruris and in twenty-two cases of tinea corporis, fungi could be cultured not only from the visible lesion, but in the majority of cases also from the normal-looking skin up to 6 cm from the margin of the lesion. No relationship could be found between the size and age of the lesion and the invasion of surrounding, normal-looking skin.
HIV-associated nephropathy in African Americans11The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The publisher or recipient acknowledges right of the U.S. Government to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering the article.
Authors: Jeffrey B. Kopp, Cheryl Winkler
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Detection of Treatment-Induced Changes in Signaling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Using Transcriptomic Data
Authors: Michael F. Ochs, Lori Rink, Chi Tarn, Sarah Mburu, Takahiro Taguchi, Burton Eisenberg, Andrew K. Godwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cell signaling plays a central role in the etiology of cancer. Numerous therapeutics in use or under development target signaling proteins; however, off-target effects often limit assignment of positive clinical response to the intended target. As direct measurements of signaling protein activity are not generally feasible during treatment, there is a need for more powerful methods to determine if therapeutics inhibit their targets and when off-target effects occur. We have used the Bayesian Decomposition algorithm and data on transcriptional regulation to create a novel methodology, Differential Expression for Signaling Determination (DESIDE), for inferring signaling activity from microarray measurements. We applied DESIDE to deduce signaling activity in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell lines treated with the targeted therapeutic imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). We detected the expected reduced activity in the KIT pathway, as well as unexpected changes in the p53 pathway. Pursuing these findings, we have determined that imatinib-induced DNA damage is responsible for the increased activity of p53, identifying a novel off-target activity for this drug. We then used DESIDE on data from resected, post-imatinib treatment tumor samples and identified a pattern in these tumors similar to that at late time points in the cell lines, and this pattern correlated with initial clinical response. The pattern showed increased activity of ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 transcription factors, which are associated with the growth of side population cells. DESIDE infers the global reprogramming of signaling networks during treatment, permitting treatment modification that leverages ongoing drug development efforts, which is crucial for personalized medicine. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9125–32]
New Insight into Intrachromosomal Deletions Induced by Chrysotile in the <i>gpt</i> delta Transgenic Mutation Assay
Authors: An Xu, Lubomir B. Smilenov, Peng He, Ken-ichi Masumura, Takehiko Nohmi, Zengliang Yu, Tom K. Hei
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Genotoxicity is often a prerequisite to the development of malignancy. Considerable evidence has shown that exposure to asbestos fibers results in the generation of chromosomal aberrations and multilocus mutations using various in vitro approaches. However, there is less evidence to demonstrate the contribution of deletions to the mutagenicity of asbestos fibers in vivo.In the present study, we investigated the mutant fractions and the patterns induced by chrysotile fibers in gpt delta transgenic mouse primary embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and compared the results obtained with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in an attempt to illustrate the role of oxyradicals in fiber mutagenesis.Chrysotile fibers induced a dose-dependent increase in mutation yield at the redBA/gam loci in transgenic MEF cells. The number of lambda mutants losing both redBA and gam loci induced by chrysotiles at a dose of 1 microg/cm(2) increased by > 5-fold relative to nontreated controls (p < 0.005). Mutation spectra analyses showed that the ratio of lambda mutants losing the redBA/gam region induced by chrysotiles was similar to those induced by equitoxic doses of H2O2. Moreover, treatment with catalase abrogated the accumulation of y-H2AX, a biomarker of DNA double-strand breaks, induced by chrysotile fibers.Our results provide novel information on the frequencies and types of mutations induced by asbestos fibers in the gpt delta transgenic mouse mutagenic assay, which shows great promise for evaluating fiber/particle mutagenicity in vivo.
Expansion of HIV-specific T follicular helper cells in chronic HIV infection
Authors: Madelene Lindqvist, Jan van Lunzen, Damien Z. Soghoian, Bjorn D. Kuhl, Srinika Ranasinghe, Gregory Kranias, Michael D. Flanders, Samuel Cutler, Naomi Yudanin, Matthias I. Muller, Isaiah Davis, Donna Farber, Philip Hartjen, Friedrich Haag, Galit Alter, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Hendrik Streeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

HIV targets CD4 T cells, which are required for the induction of high-affinity antibody responses and the formation of long-lived B cell memory. The depletion of antigen-specific CD4 T cells during HIV infection is therefore believed to impede the development of protective B cell immunity. Although several different HIV-related B cell dysfunctions have been described, the role of CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells in HIV infection remains unknown. Here, we assessed HIV-specific TFH responses in the lymph nodes of treatment-naive and antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected individuals. Strikingly, both the bulk TFH and HIV-specific TFH cell populations were significantly expanded in chronic HIV infection and were highly associated with viremia. In particular, GAG-specific TFH cells were detected at significantly higher levels in the lymph nodes compared with those of GP120-specific TFH cells and showed preferential secretion of the helper cytokine IL-21. In addition, TFH cell expansion was associated with an increase of germinal center B cells and plasma cells as well as IgG1 hypersecretion. Thus, our study suggests that high levels of HIV viremia drive the expansion of TFH cells, which in turn leads to perturbations of B cell differentiation, resulting in dysregulated antibody production.
GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balance
Authors: Henriette Kirchner, Jesus A Gutierrez, Patricia J Solenberg, Paul T Pfluger, Traci A Czyzyk, Jill A Willency, Annette Schürmann, Hans-Georg Joost, Ronald J Jandacek, John E Hale, Mark L Heiman, Matthias H Tschöp
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
SATB1: a 'master genome organizer' in mammary carcinogenesis.
Authors: D Worku, WG Jiang, RE Mansel, K Mokbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3070 Background: SATB1 is a nuclear protein that has been recently reported to be a 'genome organizer' that delinates specific epigenetic modifications at target gene loci, directly up-regulating metastasis-associated genes while down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. This study aimed to examine the level of mRNA expression of SATB1 gene in normal and malignant breast tissue and correlate the level to the clinico-pathological parameters.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: One hundred and fifteen breast cancer tissue and 31 normal breast tissues were analyzed. Levels of transcription of SATB1 were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and were analyzed against TNM stage, nodal involvement, tumor grade and clinical outcome.&amp;#x2028; Results: The levels of SATB1 mRNA were significantly higher in malignant compared with normal breast tissue (p=0.0167). The expression of SATB1 mRNA was demonstrated to increase with increasing TNM stage (TNM1 vs. TNM2, p=0.0264; TNM2 vs. TNM3, p=0.024) and increasing tumor grade (grade 1 vs. grade 3, p=0.017; grade 2 vs. grade 3, p=0.0437; grade 1 vs. grade 2&amp;3, p=0.021). After a median follow up of 10 years, there was a trend for tumors with higher SATB1 expression levels to be associated with shorter overall survival times.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: These results are consistent with the notion that SATB1 acts as the 'master genome organizer' in tumorigenesis of human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3070.