tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A positive FGFR3/FOXN1 feedback loop underlies benign skin keratosis versus squamous cell carcinoma formation in humans
Authors: Anna Mandinova, Vihren Kolev, Victor Neel, Bing Hu, Wesley Stonely, Jocelyn Lieb, Xunwei Wu, Claudia Colli, Rong Han, Mike Pazin, Paola Ostano, Reinhard Dummer, Janice L. Brissette, G. Paolo Dotto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are common, benign epithelial tumors of the skin that do not, or very rarely, progress into malignancy, for reasons that are not understood. We investigated this by gene expression profiling of human SKs and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and found that several genes previously connected with keratinocyte tumor development were similarly modulated in SKs and SCCs, whereas the expression of others differed by only a few fold. In contrast, the tyrosine kinase receptor FGF receptor-3 (FGFR3) and the transcription factor forkhead box N1 (FOXN1) were highly expressed in SKs, and close to undetectable in SCCs. We also showed that increased FGFR3 activity was sufficient to induce FOXN1 expression, counteract the inhibitory effect of EGFR signaling on FOXN1 expression and differentiation, and induce differentiation in a FOXN1-dependent manner. Knockdown of FOXN1 expression in primary human keratinocytes cooperated with oncogenic RAS in the induction of SCC-like tumors, whereas increased FOXN1 expression triggered the SCC cells to shift to a benign SK-like tumor phenotype, which included increased FGFR3 expression. Thus,we have uncovered a positive regulatory loop between FGFR3 and FOXN1 that underlies a benign versus malignant skin tumor phenotype.
The Prognostic Significance of the Histologic Pattern of Interstitial Pneumonia in Patients Presenting with the Clinical Entity of Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis
Authors: ANDREW G. NICHOLSON, THOMAS V. COLBY, ROLAND M. DUBOIS, DAVID M. HANSELL, ATHOL U. WELLS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is a progressive interstitial lung disease, with a median survival of 3 to 6 yr from the onset of dyspnea. CFA can be subdivided into prognostically significant histopathologic patterns, including nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). We reviewed 78 patients with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of CFA, biopsied between 1978 and 1989, to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of these histopathologic patterns, in particular NSIP. Biopsy appearances were reclassified by two pulmonary histopathologists as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (47%), NSIP (36%), or desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)/respiratory bronchiolitis–associated interstitial lung disease (RBILD) (17%). The kappa coefficient of agreement between pathologists was 0.49. In 67 cases, follow-up was complete to death or 10 yr after biopsy, with 50 deaths during a median follow-up of 42 mo (UIP, 89%; NSIP, 61%, DIP/RBILD, 0%). Survival was highest in DIP/RBILD and higher in NSIP than UIP, p < 0.0005. When analysis was confined to patients with UIP or NSIP, the mortality of UIP remained higher, p < 0.01, but the 5-yr survival in patients with fibrotic NSIP was only 45%, indicating that this histologic appearance is often associated with a poor outcome. A response to treatment was more frequent in DIP/RBILD than in NSIP (p < 0.01) or UIP (p < 0.0005). This study confirms the prognostic value of subclassifying patients with CFA according to histopathologic pattern. However, in patients with clinically typical CFA, a histologic diagnosis of fibrotic NSIP needs to be interpreted with caution and does not necessarily denote a good outcome.
Ethnicity as a Risk Factor for Inadequate Emergency Department Analgesia
Authors: Knox H. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine whether Hispanic patients with isolated long-bone fractures are less likely to receive emergency department (ED) analgesics than similar non-Hispanic white patients.Retrospective cohort study.The UCLA Emergency Medicine Center, a level I trauma center.All Hispanic and non-Hispanic white ED patients aged 15 to 55 years, seen between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1991, with isolated long-bone fractures, identified by ICD-9 codes 812, 813, 821, and 823, were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included injury more than 6 hours prior to presentation, "possible" or chip fractures only, altered mentation, or ethanol intoxication.Emergency department administration of analgesic or no analgesic.The study group consisted of 139 patients meeting inclusion criteria, of whom 31 were Hispanic and 108 non-Hispanic white. Non-Hispanic whites were significantly more likely to speak English, be insured, and suffer nonoccupational injuries. Hispanics were twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to receive no ED pain medication (crude relative risk [RR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 3.32; P = .003). The RR for ethnicity was similar and significant (P < .05) after controlling by stratification for covariates related to patient, injury, or physician characteristics. After controlling for several covariates simultaneously through multiple logistic regression, ethnicity remained the strongest predictor of ED analgesic administration (odds ratio [OR], 7.46; 95% CI, 2.22 to 25.04; P < .01).Hispanics with isolated long-bone fractures are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to receive no pain medication in the UCLA Emergency Medicine Center. No covariate measured in this study could account for this effect. An ethnic basis for variability in analgesic practice needs to be further characterized.
Phase II Multi-Institutional Randomized Trial of Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin With or Without Fluorouracil in Patients With Untreated, Advanced Gastric, or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Miguel B. Fodor, Sergei A. Tjulandin, Vladimir M. Moiseyenko, Yee Chao, Sebastiao Cabral Filho, Alejandro Majlis, Sylvie Assadourian, Eric Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to define the contribution of docetaxel to combination chemotherapy in the outcome of patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We compared the overall response rate (ORR) and safety of docetaxel plus cisplatin (DC) with DC plus fluorouracil (DCF) to select either DC or DCF as the experimental treatment in the ensuing phase III part of trial V-325. Patients and Methods In this phase II randomized study, untreated patients with confirmed advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received either DCF (docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 , cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1, and fluorouracil 750 mg/m 2 /d as continuous infusion on days 1 to 5) or DC (docetaxel 85 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 on day 1) every 3 weeks. An independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) was to select one of the two regimens based primarily on ORR and safety profile. Results Of 158 randomly assigned patients, 155 (DCF, n = 79; DC, n = 76) received treatment. The confirmed ORR was 43% for DCF (n = 79) and 26% for DC (n = 76). Median time to progression was 5.9 months for DCF and 5.0 months for DC. Median overall survival time was 9.6 months for DCF and 10.5 months for DC. The most frequent grade 3 and 4 events per patient included neutropenia (DCF = 86%; DC = 87%) and GI (DCF = 56%; DC = 30%). Conclusion Both regimens were active, but DCF produced a higher confirmed ORR than DC. Toxicity profiles of DCF were considered manageable. The IDMC chose DCF for the phase III part of V-325, which compares DCF with cisplatin plus fluorouracil.
Abstract P3-02-08: Is repetition of the contralateral mammogram of patients referred from breast cancer screening for unilateral findings necessary?
Authors: C Castro, R-J Schipper, L van Roozendaal, M van Goethem, M Lobbes, M Smidt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction - The Netherlands started a nationwide breast cancer screening program in 1989, including women from the age of 50 until 75. Screening mammograms are performed two yearly in a mobile unit and consist of a bilateral two-view mammogram of the breast (mediolateral oblique and craniocaudal views). If indicated, patients are referred to a breast clinic for diagnostic analysis. This work-up consist of among others repeating the bilateral two-view mammogram. Since the screening is digitalized, repeating of at least the mammogram of the non suspicious side might be unnecessary. The aim of this study is to determine the additional value of repeating the contralateral mammogram in patients referred for a suspicious unilateral lesion. Material and methods – 395 patients were referred from breast screening program to our institution for unilateral findings between October 2009 and August 2011. In all patients a bilateral mammogram was repeated and analyzed by an experienced breast radiologist. In the case of breast cancer a breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for preoperative staging. Anonymised data concerning the date of registration of the screening mammogram, the referred side (left/right or bilateral), age, screening's BI-RADS classification, breast density, biopsy results and breast MRI results were collected. Results - Of the 395 patients referred for a suspicious unilateral finding, a malignancy on the referred side was observed in 144 patients (36.5%). In five patients bilateral breast cancer was detected. In one patient no malignancy was detected on the referred side, though on the contralateral side. Three of these six contralateral malignancies were directly mammographically detected. All six malignancies were detected with preoperative breast MRI. Conclusion - Repetition of the two-view mammogram of the contralateral side in patients referred with a unilateral suspicious finding seems unnecessary, since all contralateral malignancies were depicted on the preoperative staging breast MRI recommended according to the EUSOBI-guidelines. Omission of the contralateral mammogram could lead to reduction of associated health care costs, radiation exposure, and patient discomfort caused by the exam. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-08.
Pigmenturia from Conga Drumming
Authors: BRUCE FURIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A young man developed pigmenturia after conga drumming. The pigmented urine contained myoglobin, identified by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion with rabbit anti-human myoglobin immune serum, and hemoglobin, identified by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion with goat anti-human hemoglobin immune serum and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. Concentrations of myoglobin and hemoglobin in the patient's urine were approximately 17 µg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The urine findings, a minimal rise in the serum creatine phosphokinase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase levels, a marked fall in serum haptoglobin, and a marked rise in serum hemoglobin during a planned drumming session suggest that myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria may be caused by the exercise and severe hand trauma associated with conga drumming.
Back Pain and Sciatica
Authors: J W Frymoyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

LOW back pain is usually a self-limiting symptom, but it costs at least $16 billion each year1 , 2 and disables 5.4 million Americans.3 The fact that a benign physical condition has such an important socioeconomic effect can probably be explained by complex psychological, societal, and legal factors. This article emphasizes that simple treatment is sufficient for most patients with low back pain and sciatica. Timely surgical intervention for the minority of patients with sciatica and neurologic claudication who do not respond to conservative care, and aggressive rehabilitation for those disabled by chronic low back pain, will favorably influence the outcome in . . .
Study of the Hemodynamic Effects of the Aorto-Coronary Sinus Graft Operation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: T. W. MOIR, W. H. PRITCHARD
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A group of patients with coronary artery disease have been studied preoperatively and after surgical creation of an arteriovenous fistula between the descending aorta and coronary sinus (Beck II, revascularization operation). Preoperatively, basal studies of cardiac output and blood volume were done with radioisotope technics. Postoperatively, catheterization studies of cardiovascular function were obtained and abnormalities, including heart failure, were found in patients with functionally significant arteriovenous fistulas.
Preventable blindness in giant cell arteritis.
Authors: S P Kelly, D A Robertson, C K Rostron
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Giant cell arteritis is an important cause of blindness in the elderly. Often vision may be lost because of a delay in diagnosis. The commonest ophthalmic presentation is anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy with optic disc pallor and swelling; also recognised are dipfopia, occlusion of the central retinal artery, and amaurosis fugax.1 These, in the presence of an increased erythrocyte sedi? mentation rate or plasma viscosity, require prompt steroid treat? ment. We report on two patients with unusual presentations in whom the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis was delayed, resulting in blindness.
Quality in Health Care
Authors: Glenn Laffel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The connection between generating new knowledge in medical research and putting that knowledge to use in medical practice is remarkably tenuous. In order to ensure and improve the quality of health care, the health care system apparently needs better ways to integrate the lessons of research into the routine activities of care. Recent investigations have focused on the degree to which physicians accept and apply new findings and on the methods by which health care organizations support the integration of new knowledge into routine care. Several research groups have illustrated how wide the gap is between technically possible quality and the quality actually achieved at the front line of medicine. In the Harvard Medical Practice Study,<sup>1-3</sup>for example, investigators reviewed 30 000 randomly selected records from acute care hospitals and found that adverse events (injuries caused by medical management that prolonged hospitalization or produced disability at the time of
Cullen's Sign Associated with Metastatic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Mark A. Marinella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: Cullen's sign, or periumbilical ecchymosis, is classically associated with hemorrhagic pancreatitis but may also occur with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, splenic rupture, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, and leaking aortic aneurysm.1–3 In fact, any process causing hemoperitoneum may lead to diffusion of blood along fascial planes and cause ecchymosis in the periumbilical area or over the flanks (Turner's sign).1 Cancer is not mentioned as a cause of Cullen's sign in a classic textbook on surgical physical diagnosis,1 but the sign has been reported on rare occasions in association with lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.2,3 I describe the case of a . . .
Is the ratio of transmitral peak E wave velocity to color flow propagation velocity useful for evaluating severity of heart failure in atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Rikimaru Oyama, Kazuya Murata, Nobuaki Tanaka, Kayo Ueda, Jinyao Liu, Yasuaki Wada, Nozomu Harada, Youko Hamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim for Infections in Cancer Patients
Authors: William E. Grose
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) was given orally to 35 cancer patients with infections. Thirty-two patients did not respond to an initial antibiotic regimen that consisted primarily of carbenicillin disodium and an aminoglycoside. There were 18 single-organism, Gramnegative infections. The overall cure rate was 54%. The most common infection was pneumonia (47% responded to treatment). Eighty percent of the cases of septicemia were cured. The most common infecting organism was<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>(45% with this infection responded). Eight cases of infection of unknown origin occurred (63% responded to treatment). Overall, 47% of the patients whose neutrophil count remained unchanged or decreased responded, while 61% of those whose neutrophil count remained unchanged or increased responded. There was no close correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the clinical responses. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim orally is a well tolerated and effective form of antimicrobial therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>237:352-354, 1977)
Eμ/miR-125b transgenic mice develop lethal B-cell malignancies
Authors: Y Enomoto, J Kitaura, K Hatakeyama, J Watanuki, T Akasaka, N Kato, M Shimanuki, K Nishimura, M Takahashi, M Taniwaki, C Haferlach, R Siebert, M J S Dyer, N Asou, H Aburatani, H Nakakuma, T Kitamura, T Sonoki
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
A FINAL REPORT ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS FROM THE SPUTUM BY THE METHOD OF PETROFF
Authors: Robert A. Keilty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

In summing up the practicability of the Petroff method which is in reality a refinement and improvement upon well known methods, it has possibilities both from the standpoint of diagnosis and the study of the tubercle bacillus. It is not a difficult technique, but requires considerable attention to detail. The results should be better in larger series of cases carried on in laboratories where more time is available for close observation of the cultures during the early periods of development. It is the early transplanting of minute colonies even in the presence of contaminations which results in pure cultures. As to the practical value of the method, my experience would lead me to conclude that where sputum is obtainable in suspected cases of tuberculosis in which the tubercle bacillus cannot be demonstrated, an opportunity for diagnosis would be missed if this technique were not applied. If the result is negative it means nothing; if positive an otherwise obscure case may be cleared up. The Petroff method offers an easy opportunity of isolating large numbers of pure cultures (Table I).
Evaluation of Revascularization Subtypes in Octogenarians Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Abdulhameed Aziz, Anson M. Lee, Michael K. Pasque, Jennifer S. Lawton, Nader Moazami, Ralph J. Damiano, Marc R. Moon
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Recent data suggest that octogenarians' long-term survival after complete coronary artery bypass graft revascularization is superior to incomplete revascularization. Discriminating between variable definitions of "complete" complicates interpretation of survival data. We aimed to clarify octogenarian long-term survival rates by stratifying revascularization subtypes.From 1986 to 2007, 580 patients 80 to 94 years of age underwent coronary artery bypass graft. Functional complete revascularization was defined as at least 1 graft to all diseased coronary vessels with >50% stenosis. Traditional complete revascularization was defined as 1 graft to each major arterial system with at least 50% stenosis. Incomplete revascularization was defined as leaving diseased, ungrafted regions. Revascularization was functional in 279 (48%), traditional in 181 (31%), and incomplete in 120 (21%). Long-term survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Of 537 operative survivors, there were 402 late deaths. Cumulative long-term survival totaled 2890 patient-years. Late survival (Kaplan-Meier) was similar between functional (mean, 6.8 years) and traditional (6.7 years) groups (P=0.51), but diminished with incomplete (4.2 years) revascularization (P=0.007). Survival by group at 5 years was: 59+/-3% functional, 57+/-4% traditional, and 45+/-5% incomplete. Survival at 8 years was: 40+/-3% functional, 37+/-4% traditional, and 26+/-5% incomplete. To minimize selection bias in patients with limited life expectancy, Kaplan-Meier analysis was repeated including only patients with survival >12 months. Survival was again impaired with incomplete revascularization (P=0.04), and there was no difference between functional and traditional complete revascularization (P=0.73).Bypassing all diseased arterial vessels after revascularization does not afford significant long-term survival advantage compared to a traditional approach. Incomplete revascularization, related to more extensive disease, is associated with an 18% decline in survival. These data suggest that it is important to avoid incomplete revascularization in octogenarians, but the supplementary endeavor required to perform functional complete revascularization does not improve survival.
Prospective Evaluation of Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients with Chronic Abdominal Pain of Suspected Pancreatic Origin
Authors: M. J. Wiersema, R. H. Hawes, G. A. Lehman, M. L. Kochman, S. Sherman, K. K. Kopecky
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Twenty asymptomatic paid volunteers (13 females, 7 males, mean age 34 years, range 21-52 years), underwent endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) to assess variation in the appearance of ductular and parenchyal features of the pancreas. Following this investigation, 69 patients with chronic abdominal pain of suspected pancreaticobiliary origin were evaluated with EUS followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and in 16 patients secretin stimulated intraductal pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) collection. Thirty patients were found to have chronic pancreatitis based on clinical, ERCP and/or PPJ data, and EUS was abnormal in 24 of these individuals. All of the 19 patients with abnormal pancreatograms also had an abnormal EUS. Twenty-two of the 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis had early disease (no or minimal changes on ERCP). In this subgroup of patients, the sensitivity of EUS was 86 % versus 50 % for ERCP (p = 0.01). For all patients, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis was 80 %, 86 % and 84 % respectively. Using logistic regression analysis eight EUS features were found to be indicative of chronic pancreatitis including echogenic foci within the gland, focal regions of reduced echogenicity within the gland, increased thickness/echogenicity of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) wall, accentuation of the gland's lobular pattern, cysts, an irregular contour or dilation of the MPD and side branch dilation (p ≤ 0.05). Generation of a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of EUS in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis based on the number of abnormal findings demonstrated that sensitivity and specificity were optimal when three or more abnormal parenchymal and/or ductular features were found. These results suggest that EUS can play an adjunctive role to ERCP and PPJ in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis.
STUDIES OF THE PLASMIN SYSTEM
Authors: Philip S. Norman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

A general assay method involving casein digestion is shown to be applicable for determination of several components of the plasmin system. Total plasminogen of human serum can be measured by use of sufficient streptokinase for instantaneous activation, accompanied by protection of the active plasmin with casein. Total plasminogen of guinea pig serum can be measured after complete activation with streptokinase in combination with human activator. The activator principle in whole human serum can be measured by its ability to activate guinea pig plasminogen.