tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Management of Endocrine-Related Cancer
Authors: Jacob J. Lokich
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Of all the mysteries of cancer biology, surely the role of hormones in treatment is one of the most complex and intriguing enigmas. In almost a century since oophorectomy was first used for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, we have developed an enormous background of observation with little understanding of the process. In the last decade, the identification of receptor proteins has generated the capacity to study biologic events at the cellular level, and new agents, specifically the antiestrogens and adrenal blockers, have changed the hormonal management of cancer for the first time in three decades or more. These developments have prompted Basil Stoll to develop a second-generation text from that previously published in 1972,<i>Endocrine Therapy in Malignant Disease</i>. The need for a comprehensive text on endocrine aspects of malignancy has been obvious, and the vacuum has existed in part because of our ignorance but also because of
CARRIAGE OF REDUCED-FUNCTION CYP2C19 ALLELE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF PERIPROCEDUAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH NON ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Kozo Okada, Kengo Tsukahara, Tsutomu Endo, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kazuaki Uchino, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Reproductive Endocrinology of the Mink (<i>Mustela vison</i>)
Authors: CHRISTER SUNDQVIST, LEGRANDE C. ELLIS, ANDRZEJ BARTKE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

THE MINK (Mustela vison) is a seasonally breeding, semiaquatic animal that is a delayed implanter belonging to the mammalian order Carnivora. It is not a traditional laboratory animal; nevertheless it is of great importance because it is a valuable fur-bearing animal bred and raised in captivity in significant numbers [25.9 million pelts produced 1982/1983 in the world (1)]. The animal has a short life cycle in that the period of time from breeding (early March) to pelting (late November and early December) is roughly 9 months. Few reviews exist on reproduction and endocrinology of the mink (2–5), although some books and book chapters have been written about their breeding (6–22). This review will, therefore, focus on the current knowledge on the reproductive endocrinology of mink. The hypothalamic-pituitary unit Anatomy. As in other animals, the mink hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a close anatomical and functional unit (23–26) in which the hypothalamus appears to secrete releasing factors.
Hydroxychloroquine therapy for Hydroa vacciniforme
Authors: V.S. Ramrakha-Jones, D. Bilsland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Hydroxychloroquine therapy for Hydroa vacciniforme Get access V.S. Ramrakha‐Jones, V.S. Ramrakha‐Jones Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Bilsland D. Bilsland Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Page 1292, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05524_5.x Published: 01 June 2003
A survey of fully haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults with high-risk acute leukemia: a risk factor analysis of outcomes for patients in remission at transplantation
Authors: Fabio Ciceri, Myriam Labopin, Franco Aversa, Jakob M. Rowe, Donald Bunjes, Philippe Lewalle, Arnon Nagler, Paolo Di Bartolomeo, João F. Lacerda, Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Emmanuelle Polge, Francesco Frassoni, Massimo F. Martelli, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2008)
Condylomata acuminata and risk of cancer: Authors' reply
Authors: B. Sigurgeirsson, B. Lindelof, G. Eklund
Journal: BMJ (1991)

a consequent lowering of the relative risk estimate.Further information on the cervical screening follow up protocols for women with condylomata acuminata and on treatment protocols for the various stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia would aid interpretation of these data.
Soluble suppressor factors in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and its prodrome. Elaboration in vitro by T lymphocyte-adherent cell interactions.
Authors: J Laurence, A B Gottlieb, H G Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from certain patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its prodrome were capable of depressing spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-driven B lymphocyte differentiation into plasmacytes, and the proliferative responses of T cells to specific antigen. These soluble suppressor factors (SSF) were present in uniquely high concentrations, with significant differences from healthy controls and from patients with various other conditions previously associated with factor-mediated immunosuppression. T cell-independent functions were not modified by SSF. Suppression was not genetically constrained, and did not appear to be mediated by cytotoxicity, prostaglandin, or alpha or gamma interferons. SSF was a product of the interaction of T lymphocytes with adherent cells. T cells or T cell factors from AIDS patients, but not from normal controls, could collaborate with control adherent cells in the formation of SSF. Restoration of DNA synthesis-independent differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasmacytes in SSF-treated cultures was realized by addition of reducing agents, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, on culture initiation. These data suggest inhibitory mechanisms possibly related to that of concanavalin A-induced soluble immune response suppression, and perhaps offer clues to clinically applicable substances which are potentially capable of mitigating such responses.
Clinical Evaluation of Iron Stores
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN iron-deficiency anemia the iron stores of the body are exhausted. In all other anemias the iron stores are augmented, some of the iron formerly in the red-cell mass shifting to the iron stores,1 no route of excretion being readily available.2 In hemochromatosis the iron stores are increased tremendously (Fig. 1). It is apparent, therefore, that evaluation of the iron stores affords a means of distinguishing between iron-deficiency anemia and all other anemias, and for aiding in the diagnosis of hemochromatosis.The clinician needs no further laboratory aid to recognize that the iron stores are exhausted in the heavily bleeding . . .
Risk behaviours for HIV infection among injecting drug users attending a drug dependency clinic.
Authors: G. J. Hart, C. Sonnex, A. Petherick, A. M. Johnson, C. Feinmann, M. W. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To study a range of possible risk factors for HIV among injecting drug user patients attending a clinic in London were interviewed from November 1986 to November 1987. Serum samples were tested for viral markers. Of 116 patients, 101 had shared injecting equipment, 75 on the first occasion of injecting and 76 during the past year. Seventy said that sharing was because equipment was not available. In the past year 102 had been sexually active, a third having two to 20 partners; a quarter of the women had exchanged sexual intercourse for money. The four patients who were positive for antibody to HIV antigen had shared equipment or had intercourse with drug users from areas with a high prevalence of HIV. Eleven patients had injected drugs while in prison. Despite a low prevalence of HIV infection this infection remains a threat to drug users in London; strenuous efforts are still needed to prevent its further transmission.
Troponin Release Overestimates Infarct Size in Presence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Pedro López-Romero, Aida Suárez-Barrientos, Juan Carlos García-Rubira, Antonio Fernández-Ortiz, Valentín Fuster, Carlos Macaya, Borja Ibañez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
South Africa's health minister rebuffs allegations of alcoholism
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Survival of UK patients after cancer is improving but still lags behind the European average, despite the United Kingdom spending more than other countries on cancer, different sources of data published this week show.Figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that between 1999 and 2004 survival rates for most cancers in England improved.However, two studies published in Lancet Oncology (
Clinical and Hemodynamic Studies in Patients with Homograft Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: ANTHONY F. GRAHAM, JOHN S. SCHROEDER, PAT O. DAILY, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Debate continues regarding the long-term clinical and hemodynamic benefit of homograft replacement of the diseased mitral valve. The results of valve replacement with mitral homografts in the 120 patients who have had operation at the Stanford Medical Center from May 1967 to November 1970 are given. The operative mortality rate has been 5% and the late mortality rate 6%. Anticoagulants were stopped 6 weeks following surgery and there has been only one thromboembolic complication. Ninety percent of the surviving patients are improved clinically. Thirteen of these patients have been restudied 25 to 41 months after receiving homograft mitral valve replacement. Hemodynamic studies showed a 43% decrease in mean left atrial pressure and 42% decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure with a 10% increase in mean resting cardiac output. Early diastolic gradients between the left atrium and left ventricle averaging 3.0 mm Hg at rest and 6.0 mm Hg during moderate exercise were present. Left ventricular angiography showed a trace of mitral insufficiency in three patients, moderate to severe in three others, and poor contractility in three other patients with normal homograft function. Mitral insufficiency, when present, was thought to result from poor mounting of the homograft on the metal strut rather than primary deterioration of the valve leaflets. These data indicate that fresh homograft replacement of the mitral valve provides good long-term clinical and hemodynamic benefit in most patients.
SOME OF THE ASPECTS OF RENAL INADEQUACY FROM A NEUROPATHIC STANDPOINT.
Authors: H. A. TOMLINSON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The subject of renal inadequacy, a term first used, I believe, by Sir Andrew Clark, has become of more and more importance as we have grown increasingly familiar with the effects of autointoxication, and have learned to recognize how great a part the retained products of metabolism—especially those which result from incomplete retrograde change—play in the inception of diseased conditions heretofore attributed either to other causes or looked upon as arising<i>de novo</i>. This condition of the kidneys, I believe to be represented in the inability of these organs to completely eliminate the waste products of the body, either because they are themselves the seat of disease or because the products of destructive metabolism come to the kidney in such form chemically, as to be unable to pass through the renal epithelium or to complete their elaboration into those compounds which can be secreted and excreted by the functional portion
Carpal tunnel syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis. A clinical and electrodiagnostic survey.
Authors: C G Barnes, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

The term carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) refers to the clinical condition presenting with paraesthesiae or dysaesthesiae in the median nerve distribution, and coincidental impairment of function of those muscles of the thenar eminence supplied by the median nerve, with or without objective motor and sensory signs.This was first adequately described by Brain, Wright, and Wilkinson (1947) and is attributed to partial or complete interruption of median nerve motor and sensory pathways at the wrist.While this syndrome may occur de novo in some patients, notably young and middle-aged women, certain causative or predisposing conditions are well known, including myxoedema, acromegaly, amyloid disease, ganglion formation (Robbins, 1963), pregnancy, and rheumatoid arthritis.Estimations of the incidence of CTS in rheumatoid arthritis vary and the true frequency of the associa- tion is unknown.Brewerton (1965) considered CTS to be common in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis, becoming less frequent later in the disease.Moritz (1964) found it an uncommon association.Clinically this diagnosis may easily be missed muscle wasting and hand pain being attributed, by both patient and physician, to the underlying rheumatoid arthritis.Yet it is an important diagnosis to make, for treatment is simple, and the function of the rheumatoid hand is probably excep- tionally vulnerable to even a mild superadded neurological defect (Currey, 1965).The diagnosis of the CTS has been aided by electrodiagnostic techniques, which include electromyography of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle and measurement of the motor latency in the segment of the median nerve between the wrist and this muscle, and of sensory conduction between the index finger and the wrist.
Errors in Cancer Diagnosis: Current Understanding and Future Directions
Authors: Hardeep Singh, Saurabh Sethi, Martin Raber, Laura A. Petersen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Errors in cancer diagnosis are likely the most harmful and expensive types of diagnostic errors. We reviewed the literature to understand the prevalence, origins, and prevention of errors in cancer diagnosis, focusing on common cancers for which early diagnosis offers clear benefit (melanoma and cancers of the breast, colon, and lung). Methods We searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed from 1966 until April 2007 for publications that met our review criteria and manually searched references of key publications. Our search yielded 110 studies, of which nine were prospective studies and the remaining were retrospective studies. Results Errors in cancer diagnosis were not uncommon in autopsy studies and were associated with significant harm and expense in malpractice claims. Literature on prevalence was scant. For each type of cancer, we classified preventable errors according to their origins in patient-physician encounters in the clinic setting, diagnostic test or procedure performance, pathologic confirmation of diagnosis, follow-up of patient or test result, or patient-related delays. Conclusion The literature reflects advanced knowledge of contributory factors and prevention for diagnostic errors related to the performance of procedures and imaging tests and emerging understanding of pathology errors. However, prospective studies are few, as are studies of diagnostic errors arising from the clinical encounter and patient follow-up. Future research should examine further the system and cognitive problems that lead to the many contributory factors we identified, and address interdisciplinary interventions to prevent errors in cancer diagnosis.
Review of the carcinogenic potential of gasoline.
Authors: G K Raabe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This review examines the animal, human, and mechanistic studies that precede the new studies reported in this volume. Wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline was found to produce a dose-dependent increase in renal carcinoma in male rats and an excess above background incidence of hepatocellular tumors in female mice in the high-dose group. Mechanistic studies suggest that gasoline is not mutagenic and that the probable mechanism for the male rat renal tumors involves a rat-specific protein, alpha 2u-globulin, whose binding with highly branched aliphatic compounds results in renal tubule cell death and, in turn, a proliferative sequence that increases renal tubule tumors. Human evidence generated predominantly from studies of refinery workers does not support a kidney or liver cancer risk in humans. The current epidemiologic database is inadequate to access leukemia risk from low-level benzene exposure from gasoline. Studies of gasoline-exposed workers that incorporate quantitative exposure information are needed.
The Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP2 Is Required for Cyclooxygenase 2–Mediated Mammary Hyperplasia
Authors: Sung-Hee Chang, Youxi Ai, Richard M. Breyer, Timothy F. Lane, Timothy Hla
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in breast cancer correlates with poor prognosis, and COX-2 enzyme inhibitors reduce breast cancer incidence in humans. We recently showed that COX-2 overexpression in the mammary gland of transgenic mice induced mammary cancer. Because prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the major eicosanoid and because the EP2 subtype of the PGE2 receptor is highly expressed in the mammary tumors, we tested if this G protein–coupled receptor is required for tumorigenesis. We crossed the MMTV-COX-2 transgenic mice with Ep2−/− mice and studied tumor development in bigenic mice. Lack of EP2 receptor strongly suppressed COX-2–induced effects such as precocious development of the mammary gland in virgins and the development of mammary hyperplasia in multiparous female mice. Interestingly, the expression of amphiregulin, a potent mammary epithelial cell growth factor was down regulated in mammary glands of Ep2−/− mice. Total cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were reduced in Ep2−/− mammary glands suggesting that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor activates the Gs/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. In mammary tumor cell lines, expression of the EP2 receptor followed by treatment with CAY10399, an EP2-specific agonist, strongly induced amphiregulin mRNA levels in a protein kinase A–dependent manner. These data suggest that PGE2 signaling via the EP2 receptor in mammary epithelial cells regulate mammary gland hyperplasia by the cAMP-dependent induction of amphiregulin. Inhibition of the EP2 pathway in the mammary gland may be a novel approach in the prevention and/or treatment of mammary cancer.
Incidence of gonorrhoea.
Authors: W F Felton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

lamines, might be fluctuating hypertensive filling of the atherosclerotic coronary vessels in a usually normotensive or hypertensive person.This may cause the trauma to the arterial wall which sets off changes leading to thrombus formation and cardiac in- farction.Treatment with 13-blocking or hypotensive agents might be used to prevent unnatural rises of blood pressure, level out fluctuations, and thus avoid repeated trauma to the vulnerable vessel wall.Many potential patients are not hypertensive, and a raised blood pressure is therefore not the only reason why this approach should be tried.-Iam, etc., ERIc
Malignant cerebral glioma--II: Perspectives of patients and relatives on the value of radiotherapy
Authors: E. Davies, C. Clarke, A. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To explore the experiences of patients and relatives after the diagnosis and treatment of malignant cerebral glioma. <b>Design</b>: Two year prospective study with home interviews. <b>Setting</b>: Six neurosurgery and radiotherapy centres in London. <b>Subjects</b>: 75 patients and 66 close relatives interviewed at diagnosis, 58 patients interviewed after radiotherapy, and 27 interviewed after recurrence. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Awareness of likely prognosis, distress, dissatisfaction with radiotherapy, and perception of severe problems in everyday life. <b>Results</b>: As they began radiotherapy most patients understood that they suffered from a brain tumour (95%; 71/75), but only one quarter (19/75) seemed fully aware of the poor prognosis. Others were unaware (43%; 32/75) or only partly aware (32%; 24/75). The more aware patients were more distressed. Relatives were three times more likely to be aware of the prognosis (67%; 44/66) and were more distressed. Although 39% (29/75) of patients initially made negative comments about radiotherapy, only 17% (13/75) were completely dissatisfied. The decision to accept radiotherapy could be discussed directly with 19 fully aware patients. Twelve found radiotherapy acceptable if it were medically advised or if it improved survival. Assessed by their own reports of problems only 40% of patients achieved a period of stability or remission, yet dissatisfaction with treatment did not increase. <b>Conclusion</b>: Most patients with malignant glioma initially seemed unaware or only partly aware of the poor prognosis. Relatives were more aware, more distressed, and often concerned to protect patients from full awareness, which made it difficult to explore with patients directly the possible trade off between quality and length of life. Conceptualising the question as a rational choice ignores the social and emotional context of life threatening disease. <h3>Key messages</h3> In general, relatives are more distressed than patients and more likely to be aware of the poor prognosis but tend to want to protect patients from this knowledge Communication with patients needs to take into account their need to make informed decisions about treatment and the implications of the disclosure of such information for communication with families Patients who initially have better WHO clinical performance status (0–1) are most likely to report improving or remaining stable after radiotherapy. Overall only 40% of a non-trial population thus achieve a remission
Spontaneous Tension Pneumothorax
Authors: Eli Ben-Chetrit, Ofer Merin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 19-year-old man presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and pain on the right side of the chest. He reported no history of trauma, smoking, or respiratory illness. On physical examination, his respiratory rate was 40 breaths per minute; oxygen saturation, 97%; and heart rate, 130 beats per minute.
THE ABILITY OF QUANTITATIVE 82-RUBIDIUM CARDIAC POSITRON TOMOGRAPHY TO DETECT ALTERATIONS IN REGIONAL MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW IN PATIENTS WITH ANGIOGRAPHIC CORONARY STENOSES
Authors: Andrew Van Tosh, Tracy Faber, John R. Votaw, Nathaniel Reichek, Chris Palestro, Kenneth J. Nichols
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Medical Outcomes Study. An application of methods for monitoring the results of medical care
Authors: A. R. Tarlov
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The Medical Outcomes Study was designed to (1) determine whether variations in patient outcomes are explained by differences in system of care, clinician specialty, and clinicians' technical and interpersonal styles and (2) develop more practical tools for the routine monitoring of patient outcomes in medical practice. Outcomes included clinical end points; physical, social, and role functioning in everyday living; patients' perceptions of their general health and well-being; and satisfaction with treatment. Populations of clinicians (n = 523) were randomly sampled from different health care settings in Boston, Mass; Chicago, Ill; and Los Angeles, Calif. In the cross-sectional study, adult patients (n = 22 462) evaluated their health status and treatment. A sample of these patients (n = 2349) with diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and/or depression were selected for the longitudinal study. Their hospitalizations and other treatments were monitored and they periodically reported outcomes of care. At the beginning and end of the longitudinal study, Medical Outcomes Study staff performed physical examinations and laboratory tests. Results will be reported serially, primarily inThe Journal. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:925-930)
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Ecallantide: an Update of the Clinical Trial Experience and Post-Market Surveillance for Treatment of Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: T.J. Craig, M. Riedl, H.H. Li, J.A. Bernstein, A.J. MacGinnitie, D.F. Soteres, W.R. Lumry, W.E. Pullman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)