tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review of the Use of Pattern Analysis to Differentiate True Drug and Placebo Responses
Authors: Rachel Rothschild, Frederic M. Quitkin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Placebo response in patients assigned active drug is a troubling source of variance in antidepressant studies. This paper summarizes a series of studies utilizing pattern analysis to distinguish between placebo and true drug responses. Analysis of the persistence, speed, and timing of onset of patients' improvement during antidepressant therapy reveals distinct patterns of response which are likely to be attributable to placebo and true drug effects. While true drug effects seem to be characterized by a 2-week delay in onset followed by persistent improvement, placebo effects seem to be characterized by abrupt, transient improvement. Gradual responses on placebo may be due to spontaneous remission. The heuristic and clinical implications of pattern analysis are discussed.
Group set up to facilitate mobility of patients between EU countries
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

European Union health ministers are backing moves to make it easier for patients to have medical treatment abroad, and be reimbursed for the costs involved, if they have to wait an undue length of time for an operation in their own country.

The prospect of being treated on the NHS in another EU country has been opened up by a series of judgments from the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.

But while respecting the new rights that the rulings have given patients, governments are insisting that nothing should undermine …
Cloning and expression of a major allergen from <i>Cupressus arizonica</i> pollen, Cup a 3, a PR‐5 protein expressed under polluted environment
Authors: I. Cortegano, E. Civantos, E. Aceituno, A. Del Moral, E. López, M. Lombardero, V. Del Pozo, C. Lahoz
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: This paper describes the cloning and expression of the Cupressus arizonica pollen protein Cup a 3. In addition, we present its modulation under polluted environmental conditions. Species of the Cupressaceae family are important because of their high sensitization prevalence. Methods: Cup a 3 cloning is based on the sequence of the homologous protein Jun a 3. Cup a 3 was expressed with good yield in the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris . Results: Recombinant Cup a 3 (rCup a 3) contains 199 amino acids, 10 potential phosphorylation sites and no glycosylation sites. By immunoblot 63% of cypress allergic patients had specific immunoglobulin E antibodies against rCup a 3 ( n = 104). This major allergen is homologous to members of the pathogenesis‐related proteins (PR‐5 group) and contributes to the overall allergenicity of C. arizonica pollen. Our results show that the increased expression of Cup a 3 is dependent on the pollution in the area where the pollen has been collected, being higher under polluted conditions. Conclusions: Cup a 3 is a PR‐5 protein derived from C. arizonica pollen. The expression of the protein under polluted conditions has a direct incidence on the pollen allergenicity, as has been demonstrated by skin tests and Radioallergosorbent test inhibition.
Sensitivity reaction to phenindione with urticaria, hepatitis, and pancytopenia.
Authors: S. D. Mohamed
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Background and Objectives:</h3> Depression is highly prevalent and persistent among survivors of stroke. It is unknown how treatment for depression among survivors of stroke has changed in the evolving context of stroke care and mental health care in the general United States (US) population, especially among vulnerable sociodemographic subgroups who bear higher risks for stroke and unfavorable post-stroke outcomes and experience disparities in access to and quality of stroke and mental health care. The study examined temporal trends in outpatient treatment for depression among survivors of stroke in the US between 2004 and 2017. <h3>Methods:</h3> The study sample consisted of 10243 adult survivors of stroke and 264645 adults without stroke drawn from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey in the US. Trends in outpatient treatment for depression and potential unmet needs in the stroke population, including variations across sociodemographic subgroups, were examined and compared with the non-stroke population. <h3>Results:</h3> The rate of receipt of outpatient treatment for depression among survivors of stroke was 17.7% in 2004-2005 and 16.0% in 2016-2017 (adjusted odds ratio for period change [aOR]=0.90, 95% CI=0.71-1.15). Older, male, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic survivors of stroke were less likely to receive treatment for depression. Approximately two-thirds of survivors of stroke that screened positive for depression received no outpatient treatment during a calendar year. The sociodemographic disparities and treatment gap persisted during the study period, which differed from the non-stroke population. Among survivors of stroke who received any treatment for depression, there was a remarkable increase in use of psychotherapy (aOR=2.26, 95% CI=1.28-4.01), despite its less frequent use compared with pharmacotherapy. <h3>Discussion:</h3> Although depression is common after stroke, the majority of survivors of stroke receive no mental health treatment. This gap has remained largely unchanged over the past decades, with substantial sociodemographic differences. Efforts are needed to improve depression care for survivors of stroke and reduce disparities.
SOME MECHANICAL CAUSES OF INTERFERENCE WITH THE ACTION OF THE STOMACH AND THEIR SURGICAL RELIEF.
Authors: W. J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1896)

the spot, and, as only half an hour is required for the whole procedure, it is also practicable.In urgent emergency cases a surgeon ought never to be taken by surprise and as time is valuable in such cases he should always have on hand a supply of sterilized articles.
HAGAR'S WELL at MECCA
Authors: E. H. Hankin
Journal: BMJ (1894)

Ã r1'-4 -.Fig. 7.-Case ii, biliary cirrhosis; a, remains of lobule replaced by connective tissue; b, lobules infiltrated with fine connective tissue and cells becoming atrophied; c, more healtlly lobule, but even in this one there is fine connective tissue between the cells; d, ves- sel compressed by contracting new growth.A Zeiss oc. 3.
Human TLR-7-, -8-, and -9-Mediated Induction of IFN-α/β and -λ Is IRAK-4 Dependent and Redundant for Protective Immunity to Viruses
Authors: Kun Yang, Anne Puel, Shenying Zhang, Céline Eidenschenk, Cheng-Lung Ku, Armanda Casrouge, Capucine Picard, Horst von Bernuth, Brigitte Senechal, Sabine Plancoulaine, Sami Al-Hajjar, Abdulaziz Al-Ghonaium, László Maródi, Donald Davidson, David Speert, Chaim Roifman, Ben-Zion Garty, Adrian Ozinsky, Franck J. Barrat, Robert L. Coffman, Richard L. Miller, Xiaoxia Li, Pierre Lebon, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Helen Chapel, Frédéric Geissmann, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Immunity (2005)
A Clinical Lecture ON ISCHAEMIC MYOSITIS
Authors: J. P. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1918)

CERTAIN injuries which in pre-war days were uncommon have become relatively mucll more frequent since tlhe present war.Amongst them is tlhe condition known as ischaemic myositis.Before referring to individual cases let me' remind vou of the chief points in its morbid anatomy and causation. MORBID ANATOMY.Ischaemic myositis, as its name implies, is an affection of a muscle, or part of a muscle, resulting from local limitation of its blood supply.It is not due to total cutting off of blood, whicil would result in gangrene, but the muscle fibres affected, suddenly deprived of an adequate circulation, undergo coagulation-necrosis. Thlere is an early or premonitory stage, during which oedemnatous swelling occurs in and around tlle affected muscles.Unless tlle blood supply is promnptly restored by removal of obstruction to the arterial flow, coagulation-necrosis supervenes, which is irreparable Later, the oedematous effusion becomes absorbed, and tlje coagulated muscle fibres.become replaced by young fibrous tissue wlichl rapidly contracts.Tlhus the affected muscles undergo shortening, become firm and dougihy to the feel, losing their normal elastic consistence, until at last they are hard and board-like.Unlike most othier forms of muscular atroplhy, the bulk of the muscle is only slightly, if at all, dirninishied.Together witlh the muscles, the adjacent nerve tr unks may have their blood supply reduced, and fibrous tissue may become deposited around them too.CAUSATION.
Growth-Differentiation Factor-15 Is a Robust, Independent Predictor of 11-Year Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lori B. Daniels, Paul Clopton, Gail A. Laughlin, Alan S. Maisel, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as a prognostic marker in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its prognostic value in community-dwelling adults has not been reported. We hypothesized that GDF-15 would add incremental power for prediction of mortality in a population of community-dwelling older adults without known heart disease.We measured plasma GDF-15, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and C-reactive protein levels in 1391 Rancho Bernardo Study participants, mean age 70 years, with no history of CVD and followed them for a mean of 11 years. In models adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, GDF-15 was a robust predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality. GDF-15 was a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality than either NT-proBNP or C-reactive protein (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] per SD log(10) units 1.5 [1.3 to 1.8], P<0.0001 for GDF-15 versus 1.3 [1.2 to 1.5], P<0.0001 for NT-proBNP; C-reactive protein was not a significant predictor). Among biomarkers considered, only GDF-15 predicted noncardiovascular death (hazard ratio 1.6 [1.4 to 2.0], P<0.0001). Growth differentiation factor-15 improved discrimination and modestly but significantly improved reclassification for all-cause and noncardiovascular mortality with borderline improvement for cardiovascular mortality; NT-proBNP significantly improved reclassification for all-cause and for cardiovascular mortality; C-reactive protein did not improve reclassification for any end point tested. Participants in the highest quartile of both GDF-15 and NT-proBNP had an increased risk of death compared with participants with only NT-proBNP elevated (hazard ratio 1.5 [1.1 to 2.0], P=0.01).Growth differentiation factor-15 is a strong predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older individuals, adding incremental value to traditional risk factors and to NT-proBNP and C-reactive protein levels.
Spiders and capillaries
Authors: Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Nailfold capillary microscopical and hormonal investigations were carried out in 25 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Several structural and functional capillary microscopical parameters were significantly different between the group of cirrhotics as a whole and the controls; no capillaroscopic feature helped to distinguish cirrhotics with spiders from those without. Serum estradiol and total testosterone were comparable in cirrhotics and controls; free serum testosterone was reduced in male cirrhotics, particularly in cirrhotics with spider nevi. The estradiol/free testosterone ratio was highest in male cirrhotics with spiders. Cirrhosis, thus, leads to both structural and functional effects on the cutaneous capillary system whether or not spider nevi are present. The presence of spider nevi is accompanied by an increased serum estradiol/free testosterone ratio in male cirrhotics. It remains to be determined whether the hormonal alterations described do indeed play a role in spider nevi formation.
Health policies in British medical schools
Authors: R Bhopal, M White, A L Crombie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

present trainees should attack this problem by insisting that vocational training is strengthened with at least two years' training in general practice -preferably by vocational training being extended to four years or, alternatively, by the present split of two years' training in hospital and one year as a trainee in general practice being reversedz-and by insisting that there is national summative assess- ment to the highest standards.I believe that the logical tool for that is the membership examination of the Royal College of General Practitioners.It may not be perfect, but it is a rigorous, tested assessment tool; none other exists.Present trainees should be able to say, "I believe passionately in general practice; I have been properly trained for general practice through a new lengthened and strengthened vocational training scheme; and I have the qualifications to prove it."Only when general practice sets its own standards high will others see it in the same light.
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: V. Comparison of Residents in Internal Medicine—Future Generalists and Subspecialists
Authors: Peter A. Weil, Mary Kay Schleiter, Alvin R. Tarlov
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Questionnaire III of the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower was directed to a random sample of residents (and subspecialty fellows) in the spring of 1977. Residents were classified according to whether they sought careers as predominantly general internists (49%) or subspecialty internists (51%), and the two groups were compared. Future generalists, more often, tended to be non-Jewish, to have incurred higher debts, and to have trained in medical schools in the states where they had spent their childhoods. Training experiences also were different. Future generalists, more than subspecialists, were attracted to the field because of the ability to retain independence in their work. Subspecialists, more often, intended to have academic careers and locate in the largest cities. Although subspecialists expected greater financial rewards, neither group selected their fields on this basis. By controlling for the main criterion used to select the medical school attended, we were able to explain several factors that differentiated the two groups.
Bone marrow as a priming site for T-cell responses to blood-borne antigen
Authors: Markus Feuerer, Philipp Beckhove, Natalio Garbi, Yolanda Mahnke, Andreas Limmer, Mirja Hommel, Günter J Hämmerling, Bruno Kyewski, Alf Hamann, Viktor Umansky, Volker Schirrmacher
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
THE MUFFLED ROOM IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE INSANITY
Authors: SANGER BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

By the muffled room I mean an apartment constructed in such a way that any noise made by the occupants may not be heard without it, and conversely, any noise made from without may not disturb those within. It should be large enough so that by employing forced ventilation the air may be kept pure in it at all seasons of the year. Its principal purpose is to facilitate  in the treatment of acute insanity.  By individualization in this connection I wish to imply that the physician in the treatment or management of a given case may be relieved from any obligation or necessity of making concessions to other cases. One of the most perplexing features a physician has to reckon with in the institutional treatment of acute insanity is to prevent the various manifestations of excitement incident to the disease from injuriously interacting on patients whose quarters are
Effect of Penicillin on Oral Bacteria
Authors: D. A. Long
Journal: BMJ (1947)

We believe this to be easier than abdominal total gastrectomy as practised by Lahey and others.Decrease in the time of anaesthesia alone would seem to justify it, because patients with this disease tolerate anaesthesia badly.Our preference is for inhalational anaesthesia with endo- tracheal intubation, and if controlled respiration is employed the lung should be inflated at half-hourly intervals to minimize the risk of post-operative collapse.Bronchoscopy at the end of operation may in some instances be a wise additional measure. ConclusionsThe present position of surgery in relation to carcinoma of the stomach is unsatisfactory.Immediate mortality from total gastrectomy for malignant disease is too high.A reduction in the time of operation might help to reduce morbidity and mortality.Synchronous combined excision through a thoracic and an abdominal wound is suggested as a& means of attaining it.We are indebted to Dr. John Hunter for his skill and care in anaesthetizing the patients, and to the staff of St. Andrew's Hospital, Dollis Hill, for much valuable help.
What exists in the environment that motivates the emergence, transmission, and sophistication of tool use?
Authors: Tetsushi Nonaka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In his attempt to find cognitive traits that set humans apart from nonhuman primates with respect to tool use, Vaesen overlooks the primacy of the environment toward the use of which behavior evolves. The occurrence of a particular behavior is a result of how that behavior has evolved in a complex and changing environment selected by a unique population.
When sex is a headache.
Authors: J W Lance
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Child health surveillance lists Doctors should decide criteria for admission to lists and standards ofpractice Many reasons exist why health services for children are best provided by the primary health care team.General practitioners and health visitors have a long tradition of caring for families and visiting them in their homes.The consultation in general practice is the ideal opportunity to offer preventive and therapeutic care.And general practice is based on local communities, accessible to 95% of the population, and cost effective.Recognition of this dates back to the Court report (1976), which advocated that child surveillance should increasingly take place in general practice (rather than in the community services).'Progress towards the two tier delivery recom- mended by Professor Court has, however, been slow.Milestones along the way include Healthier Children-Thinking Prevention,2 which advocated that child surveillance should be part of the core of general practice, and the Handbook of Preventive Care for Pre-school Children.'Later came Health for All Children, containing the views of a working party chaired by Dr David Hall, which looked critically at all aspects of child surveillance and recommended a core programme.4A second edition refining earlier recommendations and defining responsibility will be published soon.
The immunomodulatory effects of regulatory T cells: implications for immune regulation in the skin
Authors: K.E. Birch, M. Vukmanovic-Stejic, J.R. Reed, A.N. Akbar, M.H.A. Rustin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Regulatory T cells are thought to have a critical role in the suppression of immune responses. In addition to the prevention of the development of autoimmunity, they are also thought to have a role in the prevention of allergic responses to environmental allergens, immune responses to tumours and the development of memory responses to chronic infections. They have been isolated within the skin and have been shown to express surface markers that enable skin‐specific migration, suggesting that regulatory T cells have a functional role in the skin. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that regulatory T cells may be involved in numerous skin disorders and may also be modified by various therapeutic agents used to treat these disorders. We review the evidence for the presence of this T‐cell subset in humans, the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, and their role in the skin.
Quantitative Monitoring of Chemotherapy of Endocrine Tumors by Hormone Assay
Authors: Roy Hertz
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In the initial development of the Endocrinology Branch of the National Cancer Institute in 1947, a commitment was made to study hormone-producing tumors because of their production of uniquely quantitative indicators of tumor status. Notable among such tumors were the chorionic-gonadotropin-producing tumors arising in pregnancy and the steroid-hormone-producing tumors of the adrenal cortex. As these studies progressed, there evolved increasingly accurate techniques for measurement of the hormonal products of such tumors in the blood and urine of patients afflicted with these cancers. In 1956, Li, Hertz, and Spencer reported their initial observations on the use of a folic acid antagonist, methotrexate, in three women whose chorionic hormone titre permitted a strictly quantitative and highly sensitive assessment of the response to therapy. There followed a decade of concerted study of the response of such women to a variety of oncolytic agents under controlled conditions of clinical observation and follow-up. Most fortunately,
IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING OBLIQUE FRACTURE OF THE TIBIA
Authors: Edgar D. Oppenheimer
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The problem in treating oblique fractures of the tibia is in maintaining the reduction of the fragments—in other words, traction. The physiologic position is that in which the desiderata are most easily maintained and the objectionable muscle action is best avoided. Sixty degrees' flexion of the knee and 90 degrees of ankle is the position of choice. It is impossible to hold the foot by hand in the correct position while applying plaster. There is at present no apparatus that offers the following requirements: With flexion of the knee and dorsiflexion of the ankle, (1) to overcome overriding from muscle pull; (2) to obtain countertraction as well as traction; (3) to prevent rotation of the lower fragments; (4) to control eversion and inversion of the foot; (5) to control angulation and lateral displacements, and (6) to permit free application of plaster on obtaining all these corrections and to maintain the
Suli ("Pat") Patel
Authors: A. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner south London (b Pretoria 1919; q Sheffield University 1946), died from thyroid cancer on 10 May 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




As a second class citizen in Johannesburg, Suli was taught at the Christian Brothers of the Resurrection by, among others, the anti-apartheid campaigner Archbishop Trevor Huddleston. He met and married Mima, who qualified at Sheffield in 1949, and after house jobs, including anatomy demonstrating, he served in the Pakistan Army Medical Corps as a graded surgeon for five years. On return to England with a young family, Suli and Mima settled into general practice in south London. His whole life was centred around his four children and seven grandchildren and his home was always filled with family and friends.
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Fatal Hyperpyrexia Occurring in Acute Rheumatism
Authors: J. D. Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1874)

lut in others being seldom absent and always greatly increased at the periods.It originates in the ovarian region, and shoots down the thigh, often also downi the leg and round to the back.There is. also often present, especially on the accession of atrophy, the peculiar sub- mammary pain of ovarian disease, generally felt in the left side only.Ileadache, nausea, or even sickness and great general discomfort, are always present more or less.In the milder cases, treatment is generally successful in mitigating the sufferings, and often the ovary may be made, even in some very well marked cases of arrested development, to fulfil its functions completely.First of all therapeutic remedies there stands iron, which wrill be found in such cases to be of great use, even though there should be no general indications for its employment.There can be no doubt that many forms of this remedy have a specific power over the sexual organs, male and female ; for, in a case of chronic metritis or subinvolution, smart