tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of length of hospital stay after contemporary coronary stenting
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, Dean E. Smith, David Share, Michael O'Donnell, Anthony C. DeFranco, Eva Kline-Rogers, Ann Maxwell-Eward, John G. McGinnity, Kirit Patel, Vivian L. Clark, William L. Meengs, Diane Bondie, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Commentary: Age related exposure of patients to the agent of BSE should not be downplayed
Authors: S. M Gore
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To identify changes in the occurrence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease that might be related to the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Design: Epidemiological surveillance of the United Kingdom population for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on (a) referral of suspected cases by neurologists, neuropathologists, and neurophysiologists and (b) death certificates.Setting: England and Wales during 1970-84, and whole of the United Kingdom during 1985-96.Subjects: All 662 patients identified as sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Main outcome measures: Age distribution of patients, age specific time trends of disease, occupational exposure to cattle, potential exposure to causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Results: During 1970-96 there was an increase in the number of sporadic cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease recorded yearly in England and Wales.The greatest increase was among people aged over 70.There was a statistically significant excess of cases among dairy farm workers and their spouses and among people at increased risk of contact with live cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.During 1994-6 there were six deaths from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom in patients aged under 30.Conclusions: The increase in the incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the high incidence in dairy farmers in the United Kingdom may be unrelated to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.The most striking change in the pattern of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom after the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy is provided by the incidence in a group of exceptionally young patients with a consistent and unusual neuropathological profile.The outcome of mouse transmission studies and the future incidence of the disease in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, will be important in judging whether the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy has infected humans.
Typhoid Fever in Camps During the War with Spain.
Authors: Camp George H. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1900)

War Department: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Park Commission. Washington, July 12, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me to congratulate you on having published the most interesting and valuable article which has yet appeared regarding typhoid fever in the camps during the war with Spain. Every official of the government who has any military duties to perform, and every officer who served with troops should procure this article and give it careful study. I refer to the paper of Major Victor C. Vaughan, of the University of Michigan, late division surgeon, U. S. V., published in your issue of June 9. The report of the board of surgeons of which Major Vaughan was a member, with Major Walter Reed, U. S. A., chairman, and Major E. O. Shakespeare, U. S. V., has been awaited with deep interest, not only by all medical officers of the service, but by all the general,
A Lion in Our Village — The Unconscionable Tragedy of Cholera in Africa
Authors: Eric D. Mintz, Richard L. Guerrant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The ancient scourge of cholera rages on in Africa. Drs. Eric Mintz and Richard Guerrant write that preventable cases and deaths result from a lack of essential infrastructure, inadequate health care delivery, and the failure of the global community to muster the political will necessary to extend the benefits of the sanitary and treatment revolutions to all people.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: David T. Smith, Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

A common form of otitis media occurring in rabbits is described. The condition in the great majority of instances is associated with the inflammation of the upper respiratory tract known as snuffles and with the presence of Bacterium lepisepticum. This organism, when introduced into the external nares of rabbits hitherto protected from infection with it, is capable of inducing a purulent otitis media indistinguishable from the natural one. In the rabbit the connection between the nasal passages and the middle ear is such that a pathogenic agent introduced into the nose may readily invade the entire group of cavities connected with the upper respiratory tract.
Role of the adherence-promoting receptors, CR3, LFA-1, and p150,95, in binding of Histoplasma capsulatum by human macrophages.
Authors: W E Bullock, S D Wright
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The principal host cell of H. capsulatum (Hc) is the M phi within which the pathogenic yeast phase of the fungus multiplies during active disease. The initial interaction between Hc yeasts and M phi therefore is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis. In the present study, we have identified the major receptor mechanism that mediates the attachment of unopsonized Hc yeasts to human monocyte-derived M phi from peripheral blood. Binding of Hc yeasts by M phi is rapid, temperature dependent, and requires both Ca and Mg ions for optimum activity. Recognition of Hc yeasts does not require Fc receptors, mannosyl/fucosyl receptors, beta-glucan receptors, or secretion of C3 by M phi. Studies were performed on the effect of down regulating specific receptors of the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 adherence-promoting protein family from the apical portion of M phi to determine the effects upon binding of Hc yeasts. Anti-beta chain mAbs that recognize all three of these proteins blocked binding of yeasts. However, removal of individual receptors with antibodies against the alpha polypeptides caused negligible depression of binding, and removal of any pair caused only modest depression. Thus, each of the members of the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 family is independently capable of binding Hc. The delineation of this new mechanism for nonopsonic recognition by M phi that is exploited by Hc yeasts will aid in future studies to identify the Hc ligand, to elucidate the stoichiometry of CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 binding, and to determine triggering mechanisms for release of toxic oxygen metabolites.
Azelastine is more potent than olopatadine in inhibiting interleukin-6 and other mediator release from human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells
Authors: W Boucher, D Kempuraj, M Huang, K Kandere, R Letourneau, S Jeudy, K Fitzgerald, K Spear, A Athanasiou, C Theoharides
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Intraaortic spring coil loops: Early and late results
Authors: Rajiv Verma, Barbara G. Lock, Stanton B. Perry, Phillip Moore, John F. Keane, James E. Lock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

Our aim was to determine the late fate of intraaortic spring coil loops after embolization of aortopulmonary vessels. In some aortopulmonary collateral vessels and patent ductus arteriosi, the narrowest segment is close to the aorta; coils used to close such vessels will "straddle" the lesion, allowing one or more coil loops to protrude into the aortic lumen. The consequences of this procedure are unknown. We reviewed the cineangiograms of all patients who had at least one aortopulmonary collateral vessel or patent ductus arteriosus closure between January 1, 1988 and August 31, 1993. From this group, 53 patients had multiple-plane angiographic evidence of intraaortic coil loops. All subsequent cineangiograms were reviewed to determine coil position or movement and evidence of recanalization or endothelial coverage of the coil loop. We also reviewed each hospital record or communicated directly with referring physicians to identify any subsequent complications such as emboli or endocarditis. Of the 53 patients with intraaortic coil loops, 49 patients had closure of one or more aortopulmonary collateral vessels (59 vessels), and 4 had closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (4 vessels). Patient follow-up ranged from 1 day to 66 months (median 20 months); follow-up was not available in 6 patients. Five of the 53 patients (9.3%; 95% confidence limits [CL] 3.1% to 20.7%) died at operation or of end-stage heart failure. Patients with late angiography had no residual flow in 31of 35 aortopulmonary collateral vessels (88.6%; 95% CL 73.3% to 96.8%), and 0.5 mm separated the coil and aortic contrast column in all 12 coils with adequate angiography, suggesting endothelial coverage of the intraaortic coil loop. No episodes of stroke, embolic events, endocarditis or coil migration were reported. Although coil occlusion of aortopulmonary collateral vessels or patent ductus arteriosi may produce intraaortic coil loops, endothelialization appears routine. No late complications associated with intraaortic coil loops were observed.
Hepcidin and iron-related gene expression in subjects with Dysmetabolic Hepatic Iron Overload
Authors: Donatella Barisani, Sara Pelucchi, Raffaella Mariani, Stefania Galimberti, Paola Trombini, Daniela Fumagalli, Raffaella Meneveri, Elizabeta Nemeth, Tomas Ganz, Alberto Piperno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms and intrarenal gene expression in chronic allograft nephropathy in children
Authors: Anette Melk, Thomas Henne, Thorsten Kollmar, Jürgen Strehlau, Kay Latta, Gisela Offner, Gian S. Jhangri, Jochen H.H. Ehrich, Christian Von Schnakenburg
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Anaesthetists in training do not want new deal
Authors: P. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

population of 2 101 252 (1991 census data, Basque Institute of Statistics) with about 80000 children aged less than 5 in 1993-4.During 1993-4 H influenzae type b was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood from 42 children aged less than 5 with invasive disease, 29 of whom had meningitis.The annual incidence of bacteriologically confirmed invasive type b infections was 53, 59, and 26 per 100 000 children aged < 1, < 3, and < 5 years respectively.If there is any bias in our figures it is likely to be due to underdetection, as several small hospital centres do not have appropriate facilities for culturing bacteria.Of the 42 cases, 29 were recorded by the two main paediatric hospitals in the area.These hospitals saw 88 other cases of invasive disease in children aged less than 5 from 1986 to 1992; 49 of the children had meningitis.The proportion of the strains of H influenzae type b isolated from these children in Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia that produced ,B-lactamase was 59% and 53% respectively.More than a third of these strains, which are resistant to ampicillin, were also resistant to chloramphenicol.The incidence in the Basque region is similar to the incidences estimated for most western European countries before the introduction of conjugate vaccines.'The high proportion of strains of H influenzae type b that are resistant to antibiotics emphasises the need for the H influenzae type b conjugate vaccine to be given to Spanish infants, even when a regional variation in incidence within Spain is allowed for.
Another Treatment for Migraine Headache
Authors: Charles D. Magill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Frequently, a physician's viewpoint in regard to an illness can be valuable to others when the physician himself has the problem. This orthopedic surgeon, aged 38 years, has developed typical migraine attacks, approximately once every three months and related to going too long without meals. This typical attack will consist of a diffuse headache and nausea that is not responsive to a propoxyphene compound unless taken fairly quickly at the beginning of the headaches. The attacks are not nearly as severe as those that the patient's father has had for years. The attacks burn themselves out with a diffuse lack of color, so much that nurses will comment whether or not the patient has been insulted by a coronary artery deficiency or some other illness.  In the course of practice of orthopedic surgery, I have found benefit from a cold pack unit. This is a specially prepared
Cognitive Effects After Epidural vs General Anesthesia
Authors: William O. Witt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the article by Dr Williams-Russo and colleagues<sup>1</sup>regarding cognitive effects after epidural vs general anesthesia. However, since the overall effect on cognition is certainly most profound in the first few days after an anesthetic, it would seem imperative that the medications received by patients during that first week would need to be tightly controlled, and in fact they were not. For example, the epidural group received midazolam for sedation; the general anesthetic group did not. This drug is certainly capable of producing significant cognitive impairment, particularly in elderly patients, and this should have been considered. In addition, the type of postoperative analgesia was not controlled in the study. Again, medications that are routinely given for postoperative analgesia can have significant effects on cognition, and these too should have been controlled for if valid conclusions were to be drawn regarding the anesthetic technique
Pancytopenia Associated with Tolbutamide Therapy
Authors: Irving Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ASSOCIATIONS of blood dyscrasia and exposure to a specific chemical may be fortuitous or may have a cause-event relationship. A sufficient number of well documented experiences must be collected before a reasonable decision can be made. There are two reports of association of blood dyscrasia and long-term tolbutamide medication in diabetics. Jost<sup>1</sup>reported pancytopenia in one patient, and Brod<sup>2</sup>described an acute myeloblastic leukemia in another. A blood count had not been performed on either patient before the onset of the blood disease. We recently have observed a diabetic patient who developed a pancytopenia while on tolbutamide therapy. Inasmuch as this patient had a normal blood count approximately 16 months before the first possible symptom of the blood disease, we can limit the time of inception of the blood dyscrasia to when the patient was on tolbutamide therapy. Because of the fortunate happenstance of this blood count, and
SECOND ATTACKS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Howard A. Howe, David Bodian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. It was found in forty rhesus monkeys that intracerebral, intraocular, intracutaneous, intraperitoneal, intraspinal, and neural inoculations of poliomyelitis virus produced no lesions in the olfactory bulbs despite the fact that the animals contracted pronounced paralyses. This indicated that the virus could be restricted to certain neuronal systems. 2. Similarly intranasal inoculation of seven animals produced no lesions in the ciliary ganglia. 3. Two monkeys convalescent from an intracutaneous and an intracerebral inoculation respectively had further paralyses after intranasal inoculation of heterologous virus. A third animal convalescent from an intranasal inoculation showed extension of lesions after intranasal and intraocular inoculation with heterologous virus. 4. Two spinal animals in which an attack of poliomyelitis was limited to an isolated segment of spinal cord, contracted typical paralyses in the previously uninvaded portions of the CNS following intranasal inoculation of homologous virus. 5. Four of six convalescent monkeys showed extension of lesions but no clinical signs after homologous virus inoculation through a previously un-invaded portal. 6. Four animals convalescent from a unilateral intranasal inoculation showed evidence of new invasion in the opposite olfactory bulb but no extension of paralyses following a second inoculation of homologous virus into the appropriate nostril. 7. Two animals had second attacks after heterologous second inoculations. The intranasal portal was employed for both exposures. 8. It thus seems apparent that in the rhesus monkey a second attack of poliomyelitis, whether paralytic or not, seems to depend upon the strains of virus used and the degree to which virus is disseminated through the neuraxis during the first exposure. 9. The above experimental data emphasize the difficulty of utilizing the rhesus monkey for experiments seeking to elucidate the mechanisms of immunity in man and suggest that human immunity to poliomyelitis does not result from immunization of the nervous system but rather is the result of some process which prevents infective quantities of active virus from reaching nervous tissue.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Low Urinary Selenium Levels
Authors: Forbes H. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the recent report of selenium exposure and possible intoxication in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by Kilness and Hochberg (237:2843, 1977), the possibility of a coincidental association was noted, and we can report experience substantiating that interpretation. Twenty patients with well-established ALS, including ALS diagnoses by other neurologists prior to our investigation, had 24-hour urine collections analyzed for selenium. Bio-Science Laboratories, Van Nuys, Calif, measured selenium by a chemical reaction method; the Hine Laboratory, San Francisco, used atomic absorption and spectrometry. In 19 cases, both the concentration of the metal and its 24-hour excretion level were in the lower halves of the laboratories' ranges for unexposed persons. One of these patients lived near the South Dakota area reported by Kilness and Hochberg. In another the urine had a borderline elevation for selenium; this patient, had lived her entire life in areas not associated with
Surgeons Say Cutting Out Some TB and MOTT May Be the Answer in Multidrug-Resistant Infections
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MANY WOMEN with mycobacterial lung infection may be spared years of debilitating illness if physicians treating them can be persuaded to share their care with surgeons, according to a presentation at the American College of Surgeons annual meeting, held in New Orleans, La. <h3>Aggressive Approach</h3> More aggressive treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant infections must be considered now that<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>and the related organisms known as atypical tuberculosis or MOTT (mycobacterium other than tuberculosis) are resurgent, says Marvin Pomerantz, MD, chief of the General Thoracic Surgical Service and professor of surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver. Among the organisms that cause MOTT are<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i>complex,<i>M kansasii, M xenopi, M chelonei</i>, and<i>M malmoense</i>. One form of MOTT disease—isolated infection of the middle lobe and lingula— has been seen so far only in women, says the surgeon, although he says it may someday show up in men
Muscle length, shortening, myoplasmic [Ca2+], and activation of arterial smooth muscle.
Authors: C M Rembold, R A Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The effect of muscle length on smooth muscle contraction was evaluated by measuring myoplasmic [Ca2+] (with aequorin), myosin light chain phosphorylation, length, and isometric stress in histamine-stimulated swine carotid media preparations. Tissues were equilibrated at the optimal length for stress development (Lo). Isometric contractions at short tissue lengths (0.7 Lo) were associated with a decrease in maximal stress development. Isometric contraction at 0.7 Lo also reduced the sensitivity to histamine as measured by steady-state increases in [Ca2+], phosphorylation, or stress. This suggests that decreased agonist sensitivity at shorter lengths is caused by reduced Ca2+ mobilization. Isotonic shortening also led to decreases in histamine sensitivity. Isometric contractions at 1.2 Lo were not associated with significant changes in histamine-induced increases in [Ca2+]. The [Ca2+] dependence of phosphorylation was not altered at 0.7 or 1.2 Lo. Sinusoidal length changes from 0.95 to 1.05 Lo at 1 Hz were not associated with significant changes in the resting or histamine-stimulated [Ca2+]. These results suggest that Ca2+ mobilization and the resulting contraction is relatively independent of length changes near Lo. Inactivation occurs at lengths substantially below Lo where Ca2+ mobilization by agonists is impaired.
A CASE OF PSEUDOLEUKEMIA SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH X RAYS.
Authors: OSCAR W. STEINWAND
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Miss L. N., aged 15, school girl. Family history: mother died from heart disease two years ago; father well; 3 brothers, 2 well, 1 has chronic stomach trouble; 3 sisters, all well. No tubercular or syphilitic history. <h3>History.</h3> —About five or six years ago she noticed that the glands on the left side of the neck became enlarged, but not painful. During the succeeding three years they increased slowly but gradually, and there were occasional sharp pains on left side of abdomen (site of spleen). These were of a lancinating character and of momentary duration. Certain nervous symptoms made their appearance: inability to concentrate her thoughts on her studies, sleeplessness and pains in her legs, the latter causing some unsteadiness of gait. Her disposition likewise suffered, changing from a bright cheerful tone to one, at times, bordering on melancholy. Two years ago the glands along both
Oral Glucose Tolerance and Related Factors in a Normal Population Sample--II. Interrelationship of Glycerides, Cholesterol, and other Factors with the Glucose and Insulin Response
Authors: M. E. Abrams, R. J. Jarrett, H. Keen, D. R. Boyns, J. N. Crossley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The data available from the previous paper have been analysed to determine the interaction between the blood sugar and plasma insulin responses to oral glucose and a number of other biological variables. The total sugar and insulin responses were derived by calculating the total area and the incremental area under the curves.The blood sugar area was significantly correlated with age in both men and women, particularly the former. A striking degree of correlation was found in men between the level of fasting glycerides and the blood sugar area. There was a significant correlation also in women, but this was entirely due to the presence of the older, postmenopausal individuals. A lower degree of correlation was found in both sexes between fasting glycerides and the insulin area.Obesity, as defined by three interrelated factors-ponderal index, triceps fat-fold thickness, and arm girth -was significantly correlated with the insulin area (the association being stronger in the men) and with the blood sugar area only in men.The fasting cholesterol level was correlated with obesity in both sexes but with the blood sugar area and the insulin area only in men.