tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Esophageal Gastric Tube Airway-Reply
Authors: Edward C. Geehr
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank each of the authors for their thoughtful comments. Dr Mangold has succinctly reiterated our observations concerning the functional inadequacy of the EGTA. We commend his community for the establishment of endotracheal intubation training for paramedical personnel. We are unaware of any data that support Mr Fluck's contention that ventilation-perfusion matching improves spontaneously as cardiac resuscitation proceeds over time. In full cardiac arrest, cardiac output and perfusion deteriorate in a time-dependent fashion. Improvement in ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a concept that may be supported in surfactant-deficient neonates or victims of submersion incidents but cannot be supported in routine resuscitations, wherein atelectasis plays an exceedingly minor role. Certainly, it cannot account for significant improvement over a five-minute period following a 20-minute resuscitation. As we noted in our discussion, no conclusion can be drawn from patients who cannot be adequately oxygenated or ventilated following endotracheal intubation, since they
Low Birth Weight, Prematurity, and Postpartum Endometritis
Authors: Stuart M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We studied associations of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections with pregnancy outcomes, controlling by logistic and multiple linear regression for known risk factors and for the presence of the other two infections. A sample of 1204 Navajo women enrolling for prenatal care had endocervical C trachomatis, M hominis, and U urealyticum cultures and serum samples taken at enrollment and when possible after 30 weeks. Low birth weight (less than 2500 g) was associated with M hominis infection among women with a history of spontaneous abortion. Mycoplasma hominis infection was also associated with postpartum endometritis, but only among women undergoing a cesarean section (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence intervals, 1.22 to 18.3). Although women with recent C trachomatis infection (IgM titer greater than 1:32 on either sample or IgG seroconversion) were at greater risk of low birth weight (19% [3/16]) than women with chronic infection (4.5% [6/133]; relative risk, 4.2), this subgroup at risk was small (11% of women with classifiable C trachomatis infection). Mycoplasma hominis and C trachomatis infections may be important preventable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes in identifiable subgroups of women.
Gonads are the key to a long life
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To examine the agreement between parents’ and children’s reports on four items of family affluence: number of cars, own bedroom, number of family holidays and number of computers, and to analyse predictors of disagreement. <h3>Design:</h3> Cross-sectional child–parent validation study of selected items from an internationally standardised questionnaire. <h3>Setting:</h3> Survey conducted in schools in Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Scotland. <h3>Participants:</h3> 972 11-year-old children and their parents responded to the questionnaires. <h3>Results:</h3> The child item response rates were high (above 93%). The per cent agreement was low for holidays spent with family (52.5%), but high for the other three items of family affluence (76.2–88.1%). The kappa coefficients were good or excellent for all items (between 0.41 and 0.74) and the gamma coefficients were strong for all items (between 0.56 and 0.96). Children from single-parent families were more likely to over-report family affluence (OR 2.67; CI 1.83 to 3.89). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Young adolescents’ self-reports of family affluence are fairly valid across the six countries. This finding suggests that the variables measured can be used in epidemiological studies that aim at ranking children according to socioeconomic position.
Unrecognized Adult Salicylate Intoxication
Authors: Robert J. Anderson, Daniel E. Potts, Patricia A. Gabow, Barry H. Rumack, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Adult salicylate intoxication has been considered to be easily recognized and associated with low morbidity and mortality. In the present study of 73 consecutive adults hospitalized with salicylate intoxication, 27% of patients were undiagnosed for as long as 72 h after admission. The initial physical findings and laboratory data in patients not diagnosed on admission did not markedly differ from the findings in patients diagnosed on admission, and included tachypnea and acid-base disturbances as well as the frequent occurrence of neurologic abnormalities. However, patients with a delayed diagnosis of salicylate intoxication were older, rarely had a previous history of drug overdose, and more often became accidentally intoxicated while ingesting salicylate for associated medical illnesses when compared with patients diagnosed on admission. Mortality was encountered with significantly greater frequency in patients with delayed diagnosis, and, consequently, delayed therapy, when compared with patients diagnosed on admission.
An antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF-A contributes to impaired vascularization in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Ryosuke Kikuchi, Kazuto Nakamura, Susan MacLauchlan, Doan Thi-Minh Ngo, Ippei Shimizu, Jose Javier Fuster, Yasufumi Katanasaka, Sumiko Yoshida, Yan Qiu, Terry P Yamaguchi, Tadashi Matsushita, Toyoaki Murohara, Noyan Gokce, David O Bates, Naomi M Hamburg, Kenneth Walsh
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Medical Malpractice Suits and Autopsies
Authors: Cyril Wecht
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the March 6 A Piece of My Mind entitled "Coming Home,"<sup>1</sup>Goldstein comments on the psychological pressures associated with a medical malpractice lawsuit. I believe him. Are there some untoward events that could be prevented from developing into malpractice lawsuits? Yes, there are, especially in many situations involving a death that was not expected and is not understood. A complete, thorough, and timely autopsy by a competent, experienced forensic pathologist will, more often than not, provide a definitive and objective explanation that the attending physician can relate to the family. While this approach does not guarantee that the family will not sue the physician or hospital, it markedly diminishes the likelihood of such a hostile undertaking. Goldstein tells us about "the case of the elderly man who died unexpectedly the day before planned discharge. There was no autopsy...." Evidently, there was a subsequent malpractice lawsuit
A STUDY OF GONOCOCCUS METASTASIS; WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: JAMES McCOLGAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Gonorrhea, as the term is ordinarily understood, is usually thought of as an affection of the urethra, or at most as a urethritis complicated by affection of the eye or joints, but the possibility of its being complicated by metastatic abscesses in various other parts of the body is not so generally kept in mind. It has only been within the last half century that practitioners as a whole have recognized the connection which exists between gonorrheal infection of the urethra and certain joint affections, and a thorough understanding of the nature of this connection has been possible for a much less time. It is generally admitted that Selle and Swediaur<sup>1</sup>were the first to recognize in the coincident urethritis the cause of what is now known as gonorrheal arthritis. Swediaur describes this complication of gonorrhea in his work entitled "Practical Observations on the More Obstinate Venereal Complaints," which
Manuscript Review From a Statistician's Perspective
Authors: Naomi Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1985)

People often ask me to define the function of a statistical review within the overall manuscript peer review process. Specifically, they are most curious about the contribution of the statistician in determining the publication fate of scientific reports. What follows is not an archetypal model congruent with some universal editorial philosophy, but rather my personal conviction as a long-term statistical reviewer for<i>JAMA</i>about the processes involved in statistical review, as well as the rationale underscoring decisions to accept or reject submitted papers. In a<i>JAMA</i>editorial entitled "A Pillar of Medicine," it was pointed out that "the biostatistician is not a worrisome censor, but a valuable ally," and that "biostatistics, far from being an unrelated mathematical science, is a discipline essential to modern medicine—a pillar in its edifice."<sup>1</sup>Along the same lines, we can think of a scientific study as an edifice of hypotheses built on the foundation
Mice Deficient in Golf Are Anosmic
Authors: Leonardo Belluscio, Geoffrey H Gold, Adrianna Nemes, Richard Axel
Journal: Neuron (1998)

We have used gene targeting to examine the role of the Gα subunit, Golf, in olfactory signal transduction. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in Golf show a striking reduction in the electrophysiological response of primary olfactory sensory neurons to a wide variety of odors. Despite this profound diminution in response to odors, the topographic map of primary sensory projections to the olfactory bulb remains unaltered in Golf mutants. Greater than 75% of the Golf mutant mice are unable to nurse and die within 2 days after birth. Rare surviving homozygotes mate and are fertile, but mutant females exhibit inadequate maternal behaviors. Surviving homozygous mutant mice also exhibit hyperactive behaviors. These behavioral phenotypes, taken together with the patterns of Golf expression, suggest that Golf is required for olfactory signal transduction and may also function as an essential signaling molecule more centrally in the brain.
Influence of Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy on Sphincter of Oddi Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: M. Takezawa, Y. Kida, M. Kida, K. Saigenji
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aim: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) is assumed to have a theoretical advantage over endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in preserving sphincter of Oddi function because it does not involve cutting the biliary sphincter. Although attempts have been made to study the influence of EPBD and EST on sphincter of Oddi function, there is little agreement on this issue. In this study we used a method different from those described in previous reports to clarify whether EPBD or EST preserves sphincter of Oddi function better. Patients and Methods: 200 patients with bile duct stones who met the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to EPBD (n = 104) or an EST (n = 96) group. Sphincter of Oddi function was estimated by measurement of the activity of pancreatic enzymes in the common bile duct (CBD). Pure bile was collected immediately before EPBD or EST, at 1 week and at 1 year after the procedure. We also statistically investigated 14 factors other than EPBD or EST that might have the potential to affect sphincter of Oddi function. Results: There was no significant difference between the baseline characteristics of the EPBD and EST groups. A total of 91 patients (46 in the EPBD group and 45 in the EST group) remained in the trial. Pure bile was collected from the CBD of 86 patients (43 EPBD and 43 EST) 1 week after the procedure. CBD stones were extracted successfully in all cases. Before the procedure, there were no significant differences in the levels of the five pancreatic enzymes between the EPBD and EST groups. At 1 week after the procedure, in both groups, there were significant increases in the levels of the five pancreatic enzymes. At 1 year after the procedure a complete series of pancreatic enzyme analyses was done in 33 patients (12 EPBD and 21 EST). There was no significant difference between the levels of the five pancreatic enzymes immediately before and 1 year after EPBD and EST. When the pancreatic enzyme levels of the two groups were directly compared, there was no significant difference at 1 year after the procedure, but the EPBD group had significantly higher levels at 1 week following the procedure. Conclusion: In this study it was found that in patients with CBD stones both EPBD and EST preserve sphincter of Oddi function.
Platelet Activation during Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Laurence H. Green, Eduardo Seroppian, Robert I. Handin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Because platelet activation may be important in the worsening of coronary atherosclerosis, we used a radioimmunoassay for platelet factor 4 to study platelet behavior in patients with coronary-artery disease. Forty patients had paired blood samples withdrawn for measurement of the plasma level of platelet factor 4 before and after a standardized exercise-tolerance test. Twenty patients had positive tests, and 19 of those 20 had clinical or angiographic evidence of coronary-artery disease. Eleven of the 20 had a greater than 50 per cent increase in platelet factor 4 after exercise. The remaining nine had positive exercise tests without rises in platelet factor 4. Elevated levels returned to normal within 15 minutes of exercise. Eighteen of 20 patients with negative exercise tests had no rise in platelet factor 4 after exercise. We conclude that a subset of patients with coronary-artery disease and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia had evidence of platelet activation and secretion. (N Engl J Med 302:193-197, 1980).
Two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of segmental left ventricular wall motion before and after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: D S Rubenson, C R Tucker, E London, D C Miller, E B Stinson, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Twenty patients with coronary artery disease were studied with two-dimensional echocardiography the day before saphenous vein bypass graft surgery. Serial studies were obtained 7.4 +/- 2.5 (+/- SD) and 43.4 +/- 13.1 days postoperatively to qualitatively assess the effect of bypass surgery on regional wall motion. Changes in segmental wall motion were assessed semiquantitatively by assigning a segmental wall motion score to each of nine echocardiographically defined segments. Preoperatively, 18% of the segments moved abnormally. The mean overall segmental wall motion score did not change significantly, as shown by comparing the postoperative studies with the preoperative study. However, there was a significant worsening in the septal motion (apical and basal) and a significant improvement in posterior wall motion (apical and basal) after bypass surgery. Anterior and lateral wall motion were not significantly changed. Nonseptal segments that were normal preoperatively usually remained normal; abnormal nonseptal segments usually improved or were unchanged by surgery. The motion of septal segments, however, generally worsened postoperatively whether they were normal or abnormal preoperatively. We conclude that segmental wall motion assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography may improve after revascularization surgery, but the interventricular septum shows impaired motion. This effect of coronary artery bypass on wall motion is better demonstrated relatively late after operation than early in the postoperative course, as has been done in some previous studies.
Chloramphenicol Resistance in Meningococci
Authors: William V. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The familiar triad of pathogens responsible for most cases of bacterial meningitis was first shown to yield to treatment with β-lactam antibiotics and chloramphenicol over four decades ago. Chloramphenicol proved to be an effective alternative for the treatment of pneumococcal and meningococcal disease in patients who were allergic to penicillin and was particularly effective in treating meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Chloramphenicol's loss of favor began in the 1960s, when it was shown to have two distinct toxic effects on hematopoiesis: a frequently observed, dose-dependent anemia, reversible on cessation of therapy, and an irreversible, “idiosyncratic” aplastic anemia, which had an . . .
Letter Regarding Article by Nallamothu et al, “Times to Treatment in Transfer Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States”
Authors: Bruce R. Brodie, Cindy L. Grines, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2005)

is inferior when compared with fibrin-specific agents.Some protocols also called for higher-than-currently-recommended heparin dosing and repeat fibrinolytic therapy rather than rescue PCI for failed reperfusion.Most important, randomization-toballoon times were 90 to 100 minutes.In contrast, the NRMI data we reported demonstrated that only 4% of US transfer patients received PPCI within 90 minutes, and only 15% were treated within 120 minutes.Rather than arguing from an ideological perspective that patients should undergo PPCI, we would suggest that process improvements be made by institutions that want to deliver evidence-based PPCI therapy but have unacceptably long door-to-balloon times.
Follicular mucinosis associated with scarring alopecia, oligoclonal T-cell receptor V? expansion, and Staphylococcus aureus: When does follicular mucinosis become mycosis fungoides?
Authors: Clotilde M. Jackow, Elektra Papadopoulos, Bruce Nelson, Jaime A. Tschen, George Heatherington, Madeleine Duvic
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)
Multiple lentigines, myxoid tumours and endocrine overactivity; four cases of Carney's complex
Authors: J. HANDLEY, D. CARSON, J. SLOAN, M. WALSH, C. THORNTON, D. HADDEN, E.A. BINGHAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Four patients with Carney's complex, one sporadic and three familial, are described. The sporadic case was a young male with centrofacial lentigines, who developed cyclical Cushing's syndrome secondary to bilateral pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, two separate left atrial myxomas, and buccal mucosal myxomas. The three familial cases, who all had varying degrees of centrofacial/mucosal lentigines and cutaneous myxoid tumours, were a woman with myxoid mammary fibroadenomatosis and a left atrial myxoma, her daughter who developed a prolactin‐secreting pituitary adenoma, and her son who had bilateral large‐cell calcified Sertoli cell testicular tumours, and an axillary psammomatous melanotic schwannoma.
Nationwide Review of Autopsy Utility Suggested
Authors: Roland D. Paegle
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The latest round of discussion about the utility of postmortem examinations (233:441, 1975; 235:21, 1976) mentioned many factors pertaining to this very complex question. The following were omitted or reviewed in a cursory fashion: (1) the need for a qualitative and quantitative comparison of missed diagnoses in different types and sizes of hospitals, (2) the relationship of falling autopsy rates to fear of malpractice suits, (3) the skewing of review results by postautopsy clinical chart notes, (4) the effect of scanty textbook material about iatrogenic and environmental diseases on the quality of autopsies, (5) the extent of autopsy use for teaching students, nurses, and physicians, (6) the effect of low prosector morale on autopsy quality, and (7) the use of necropsies for professional standards review organization work.  The cost of performing autopsies is about $100 million a year. (Assuming that 2 million people die each year in the
ANEURYSM OF THE ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
Authors: Walter E. Dandy
Journal: JAMA (1942)

During the past decade intracranial aneurysms have been added to the group of lesions that are curable by operation. I now have cured 15 patients with aneurysms of the internal carotid artery arising in the cavernous sinus and along the intracranial course of this vessel. The treatment of aneurysms of the internal carotid artery is relatively simple, it being necessary only to isolate the aneurysms between ligatures or silver clips, or to clip the neck of the aneurysms when they lie within the cranial chamber. Herewith is a report of an aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. As it is one of the most common aneurysms of the brain, and one with a fairly easy approach, the hope is entertained that the surgical attack will become increasingly more frequent. Up to the present aneurysms of other arteries in the brain have not been cured, but doubtless with time the list
Effects of Adrenalectomy and Corticosterone Administration on Mouse Lung Tumor Susceptibility and Histogenesis
Authors: K. A. Droms, C. A. Fernandez, L. G. Thaete, A. M. Malkinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

The effects of adrenalectomy (Ax) on urethan-induced lung tumors were determined in strains of mice that vary in their respective tumor susceptibilities: A/J (sensitive), BALB/cByJ (intermediate), and C57BL/6J (B6, resistant). Ax increased tumor number in both A/J (by 25%) and B6 mice (by 400%), but not in BALB/cByJ mice. The relative proportions of adenomas exhibiting the alveolar or papillary histological growth patterns were unchanged. Implantation of corticosterone-containing pellets into adrenalectomized B6 mice restored tumor multiplicity to that of sham-operated mice and into adrenalectomized A/J mice reduced multiplicity below that of sham-operated mice. Corticosterone, therefore, regulates neo-plastic development of mouse lung epithelial cells.
DOES BARIATRIC SURGERY AMELIORATE THE DYSLIPIDEMIA OF OBESITY? OBSERVATIONS FROM FIVE YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP AFTER GASTRIC BANDING
Authors: Amita Singh, Sean Heffron, Jonathan Zagzag, Heekoung Youn, George Fielding, Christine Ren-Fielding, James Underberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Case number 32: Thiemann's disease
Authors: P Mangat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Thiemann's disease A 19 year old man attended hospital after his recent discharge from the navy owing to his hand arthropathy.His symptoms began aged 14 years with swelling but no pain or disability of his distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger joints.At the age of 17 he joined the navy and 1 year later began to experience considerable pain in his hands while carrying out his duties.He was reassigned and after 3 months of light duties was symptom free, although his joints remained swollen and deformed (fig 1).Flexion at the PIP and DIP joints was limited (fig 2), and the hands were functionally normal with an average grip and pinch strength.He continued to work as a gardener with no joint symptoms.Both his father and paternal grandfather had had the same condition.Blood tests showed normal haemoglobin, white cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).A hand x ray
Antigen- and Cytokine-Driven Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Lean Mice
Authors: Dmitriy Kolodin, Nicolas van Panhuys, Chaoran Li, Angela M. Magnuson, Daniela Cipolletta, Christine M. Miller, Amy Wagers, Ronald N. Germain, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Response to Commentators on “Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Promises and Perils?”
Authors: Paul Root Wolpe, Kenneth R. Foster, Daniel D. Langleben
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

"Response to Commentators on “Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Promises and Perils?”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 5(2), p. W5
Development of an allele-specific minimal residual disease assay for patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Sophie Archambeault, Nikki J. Flores, Ayami Yoshimi, Christian P. Kratz, Miriam Reising, Alexandra Fischer, Peter Noellke, Franco Locatelli, Petr Sedlacek, Christian Flotho, Marco Zecca, Peter D. Emanuel, Robert P. Castleberry, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Peter Bader, Mignon L. Loh
Journal: Blood (2007)