tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of Impact of the Loss of Constitutive Folate Receptor α Expression, Achieved by RNA Interference, on the Activity of the New Generation Antifolate Pemetrexed in HeLa Cells
Authors: Shrikanta Chattopadhyay, Yanhua Wang, Rongbao Zhao, I. David Goldman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Pemetrexed [PMX (Alimta)] is a new generation antifolate with activity in a variety of solid tumors. It is an excellent substrate for most folate transporters, notably the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and folate receptor (FR)-α. The role of FR-α in PMX pharmacological activity is uncertain. Whereas high-level expression may enhance the activity of this agent, it is not clear what role constitutive levels of this transporter contribute to PMX activity. In this study, constitutive levels of FR-α expression were abolished by small interfering RNA-induced silencing in HeLa cells and RFC-null HeLa R5 cells as confirmed by Northern blotting, immunohistochemistry, and cell surface binding. PMX growth inhibition was unchanged in HeLa and R5 cells in the absence of FR-α expression. Loss of FR-α expression did not decrease net accumulation of PMX in either wild-type or RFC-null HeLa cells. Likewise, folate pools in wild-type HeLa cells were not decreased by FR-α gene silencing and were negligibly affected in the RFC-null R5 subline grown with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. FR-α surface binding in HeLa cells was shown to be greater than that in a variety of other human solid tumor cell lines. Hence, constitutively expressed FR-α in HeLa cells does not contribute to PMX activity in the presence or absence of RFC function. This is likely the case in many human solid tumor cell lines.
The Role of a Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery in Hospital Practice
Authors: Merrill O. Hines
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Organization of an independent Section on Proctology of the American Medical Association represents another milestone in the recognition of our specialty. As chairman of the section's first meeting, I feel at the same time greatly honored and sincerely humble when I recall the arduous work and victorious struggles of the many whose notable contributions have advanced our specialty to its present recognized position. On this occasion it seems fitting that we pause to review our precious heritage, delineate our present status, and consider our future needs and goals. <h3>History</h3> Joseph MacDowell Mathews has been called "the first proctologist."<sup>1</sup>Yet in 1887, when this pioneer became interested in specializing in proctology, he was compelled to go abroad to obtain postgraduate education in the field. The status of proctology in this country at that time is candidly revealed in a letter by Mathews to the American Proctologic Society in 1920: Forty
Increasing Mastectomy Rates for Early-Stage Breast Cancer? Population-Based Trends From California
Authors: Scarlett Lin Gomez, Daphne Lichtensztajn, Allison W. Kurian, Melinda L. Telli, Ellen T. Chang, Theresa H.M. Keegan, Sally L. Glaser, Christina A. Clarke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Small-Airways Function in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Charles A. Hales, Homayoun Kazemi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Small-airways function was measured by closing volumes in 40 patients after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction who had no evidence of congestive heart failure by physical or radiologic examination. Mean value for closing volume was 125 per cent predicted in 25 patients studied in the first two weeks after infarction as opposed to a mean value of 104 per cent in 14 patients studied in the second two-week period after infarction (p<0.01). Seven patients with elevated closing volumes in the first two weeks after infarction had normal values when re-evaluated four to 12 months later. Acute diuresis with furosemide reduced the elevated closing volumes to normal in two patients studied in the first week after infarction. These findings suggest the occurrence, even in uncomplicated myocardial infarction, of transient left ventricular failure with pulmonary vascular congestion and transudation of fluid into the interstitial space, leading to premature airway closure. (N Engl J Med 290:761–765, 1974)
Gas gangrene and hyperbaric oxygen.
Authors: T T Irvin
Journal: BMJ (1972)

sharply.Indeed there was one fewer in 1963 than in 1953, though there had been some increase in 1961 and 1962.The 10 years' operative mortality was 0-87 % and the morbidity due to chest infection, wound infection, and deep venous thrombosis was 9-8%.I can confirm the finding of a high proportion of stones at operation (97 4% in 1960), whereas only 29% had been demonstrated radiologically preoperatively in tiat year.The most striking feature of 1960 was that there were no operative cholangiograms carried out.Indeed, 1961 was the first year they were done at Frenchay, though only 11 were done in the subsequent three years.This led to 37-6% of all common bile ducts being explored, half of these unnecessarily.As operative cholangiography is now routine during all cholecystectomies at that hospital it would be interesting to compare the 1960 and 1970 total figures with special reference to the problem of recurrent common-bile-duct stones.-Iam, etc.,
Shwachman's syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Authors: M J Strevens, J S Lilleyman, R B Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

normal haemoglobin and in the anaemic patients reported here and elsewhere3 argues against a causative role for glucagon in the anaemia of end-stage renal disease.We are grateful to Dr Nina C Mendoza for allowing us to study patients under her care.
PEG-IFN alfa-2a (40kd) (Pegasys) plus amantadine (AMA) or ribavirin (RBV) in naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)
Authors: G. Ideo, A. Attili, G. Ruggiero, A. Craxi, G. Di Perri, A. Mangia, A. Picciotto, M. Rizzetto, F. Suter, M. Sarracino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Does This Patient With Palpitations Have a Cardiac Arrhythmia?
Authors: Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Many patients have palpitations and seek advice from general practitioners. Differentiating benign causes from those resulting from clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia can be challenging and the clinical examination may aid in this process.<h3>Objective</h3>To systematically review the accuracy of historical features, physical examination, and cardiac testing for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia in patients with palpitations.<h3>Data Source, Study Selection, and Data Extraction</h3>MEDLINE (1950 to August 25, 2009) and EMBASE (1947 to August 2009) searches of English-language articles that compared clinical features and diagnostic tests in patients with palpitations with a reference standard for cardiac arrhythmia. Of the 277 studies identified by the search strategy, 7 studies were used for accuracy analysis and 16 studies for diagnostic yield analysis. Two authors independently reviewed articles for study data and quality and a third author resolved disagreements.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>Most data were obtained from single studies with small sample sizes. A known history of cardiac disease (likelihood ratio [LR], 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.11), having palpitations affected by sleeping (LR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.33-3.94), or while the patient is at work (LR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19-3.96) slightly increase the likelihood of a cardiac arrhythmia. A known history of panic disorder (LR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-1.01) or having palpitations lasting less than 5 minutes (LR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.63) makes the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia slightly less likely. The presence of a regular rapid-pounding sensation in the neck (LR, 177; 95% CI, 25-1251) or visible neck pulsations (LR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.25-5.78) in association with palpitations increases the likelihood of a specific type of arrhythmia (atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia). The absence of a regular rapid-pounding sensation in the neck makes detecting the same arrhythmia less likely (LR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03-0.19). No other features significantly alter the probability of clinically significant arrhythmia. Diagnostic tests for prolonged periods of electrocardiographic monitoring vary in their yield depending on the modality used, duration of monitoring, and occurrence of typical symptoms during monitoring. Loop monitors have the highest diagnostic yield (34%-84%) for identifying an arrhythmia.<h3>Conclusions</h3>While the presence of a regular rapid-pounding sensation in the neck or visible neck pulsations associated with palpitations makes the diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia likely, the reviewed studies suggest that the clinical examination is not sufficiently accurate to exclude clinically significant arrhythmias in most patients. Thus, prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring with demonstration of symptom-rhythm correlation is required to make the diagnosis of a cardiac arrhythmia for most patients with recurrent palpitations.
Sphingolipids, Transcription Factors, and Conserved Toolkit Genes: Developmental Plasticity in the Ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
Authors: Lukas Schrader, Daniel F. Simola, Jürgen Heinze, Jan Oettler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Developmental plasticity allows for the remarkable morphological specialization of individuals into castes in eusocial species of Hymenoptera. Developmental trajectories that lead to alternative caste fates are typically determined by specific environmental stimuli that induce larvae to express and maintain distinct gene expression patterns. Although most eusocial species express two castes, queens and workers, the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior expresses diphenic females and males; this provides a unique system with four discrete phenotypes to study the genomic basis of developmental plasticity in ants. We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of 28 individual C. obscurior larvae of known developmental trajectory, providing the first in-depth analysis of gene expression in eusocial insect larvae. Clustering and transcription factor binding site analyses revealed that different transcription factors and functionally distinct sets of genes are recruited during larval development to induce the four alternative trajectories. In particular, we found complex patterns of gene regulation pertaining to sphingolipid metabolism, a conserved molecular pathway involved in development, obesity, and aging.
CASE OF POISONING BY CREASOTE; WITH REMARKS
Authors: J. D. Jeffery
Journal: BMJ (1853)

situation is th6 garden of the north of England.Before the apearance of the cholera, there was a stout fight for the Public Health Act, and the obstructivres wrere beaten.Some of the medical men opposed the introduction of the act.Mr. Fairbridge, surgeon, has died at Hexham.There are thirteen deaths in that town.The cholera has visited nearly all the villages by the side of the Tyne.There have been four deaths at Howdon and Willington; four at
Replacement of heart valves with frame-mounted tissue grafts
Authors: M. I. Ionescu, B. C. Pakrashi, D. A. S. Mary, I. T. Bartek, G. H. Wooler
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Ionescu, M. I., Pakrashi, B. C., Mary, D. A. S., Bartek, I. T., and Wooler, G. H. (1974)</b>. <i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 56-67. <b>Replacement of heart valves with frame-mounted tissue grafts</b>. Between April 1969 and March 1973, 213 patients had heart valve replacement with frame-mounted autologous or homologous fascia lata or with heterologous pericardial grafts. There were 111 single aortic, 95 single mitral, and seven tricuspid valve replacements. The incidence of hospital and late mortality was each 10% for the entire series and the main causes were myocardial failure and infective endocarditis. The majority of patients obtained significant symptomatic improvement. In patients with aortic replacement there was a statistically significant reduction in cardiothoracic ratio and in the voltage of the electrocardiogram. Regurgitant murmurs developed in 11·6% of aortic patients and in 51·6% after mitral replacement (in 37·5% the murmur has not increased in intensity while in 14·1% it has gradually progressed). None of these mitral patients requires reoperation. Grafts in the tricuspid position have not shown signs of dysfunction or failure. Graft failure has not occurred in the aortic replacement series. From the mitral position six grafts have been removed due to failure. All six were made of autologous fascia and all showed varying degrees of thickening and retraction of cusps. There were six episodes of peripheral embolization (five transient) and one left atrial thrombosis. All seven patients are alive. Anticoagulants were not used. The results of haemodynamic studies and <i>in vitro</i> hydrodynamic experiments are discussed and an explanation for graft dysfunction in the mitral position is presented. The actuarial analysis of this series of patients over a period of up to 54 months post-operatively has shown encouraging results.
1116-31 Induction of marked changes in serum lipids and apolipoprotein A-1 expression in human Apo A-1 transgenic mice by a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist LY518674
Authors: Jai Pal Singh, Raymond Kauffman, Guoming Wang, Pam McClelland, William Bensch, Chahrzad Montrose, Chahrzad Montrose, Nathan Mantlo, Asavari Wagle, Eli Lilly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Immediate Skin Test Reactions to Spices
Authors: A. Niinimäki, M. Hannuksela
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Scratch tests with common spices were performed in 1,120 atopic and 380 non‐atopic patients. Positive skin test reactions were seen almost exclusively in atopics. Curry and paprika produced positive reactions most frequently, and when the components of curry were tested separately, coriander, caraway, cayenne and mustard were responsible for the vast majority of the skin reactions. A high correlation between positive skin test reactions to spices, especially to curry and its components, and tree pollens, fruits and vegetables was demonstrated, suggesting that there may be a group of cross allergies. Clinical symptoms from ingested spices were noticed by five patients. When small amounts of spices were spread on the oral mucosa, local reactions, especially in the mouth and nasopharynx, were found in 14 out of 35 unselected patients with positive skin test reactions. Peroral challenges with spices in gelatine capsules were negative in 20 non‐selected patients.
Epidemiological and experimental aspects of metal carcinogenesis: physicochemical properties, kinetics, and the active species.
Authors: L Magos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The carcinogenic properties of selected metals and their compounds are reviewed to provide a useful reference for existing knowledge on relationships between physical and chemical forms, kinetics and carcinogenic potential and between epidemiology, bioassays, and short-term tests. Extensive consideration is given to arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, lead, and nickel. Other metals such as antimony, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc are discussed briefly.
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF TRACHOMA
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann, Arnold Pillat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

A bacillus which corresponds closely with the description of B. granulosis Noguchi was isolated from 1 of 5 typical cases of trachoma in Chinese. Inoculation of suspensions of this bacillus into the eyelids of M. sinensis monkeys produced scarring and contraction of the tarsal cartilages with the development of a few conjunctival follicles in 2 out of 5 animals. The possible relations of the observed lesions with human trachoma have been discussed.
A Role for cis Interaction between the Inhibitory Ly49A Receptor and MHC Class I for Natural Killer Cell Education
Authors: Anick Chalifour, Léonardo Scarpellino, Jonathan Back, Petter Brodin, Estelle Devèvre, Frédéric Gros, Frédéric Lévy, Georges Leclercq, Petter Höglund, Friedrich Beermann, Werner Held
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Take politics out of day to day running of NHS, says BMA
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The BMA has recommended an independent board of governors to run the NHS in England, to put an end to what its chairman describes as the constant “political dabbling” in the day to the day running of the health service.

Although politicians would continue to make important decisions about the health service (such as what core services should be provided across the country), set priorities, and allocate resources, it would be the board—appointed by parliament—that would implement the policies and set standards and ensure these were delivered “without any further political interference,” said James Johnson, chairman of the BMA.

“It is absolutely right that politicians should set the general direction for the NHS. But the day to day …
Review of the management of sudden cardiac arrest on the football field: Figure 1
Authors: Efraim Kramer, Jiri Dvorak, Walter Kloeck
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Football is the most popular sport on earth. When a young, fit popular player suddenly collapses and dies during play, the tragic event is frequently screened and publicised worldwide. The reported incidence of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) varies from 1:65 000 to 1:200 000 athletes. A broad spectrum of cardiac and non-cardiac causes have been implicated, and regular precompetition medical assessments are recommended as a preventive measure. Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early defibrillation is the treatment for SCA. High success rates can be achieved if this is initiated promptly, preferably within seconds of the arrest. Trained medical responders must be allowed to respond, ideally with a defibrillator (manual or automated) in hand, to a player who suddenly and unexpectedly collapses and remains unresponsive on the field. Immediate defibrillation of a pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, within 1 to 2 min of onset, has a successful cardioversion rate exceeding 90%. Medical responders should be well trained and rehearsed in the recognition of SCA, including distractors such as seizures, myoclonic jerks and agonal (gasping) breathing. Prompt initiation of chest compressions on the field, together with early defibrillation, will result in many athletes' lives being saved by immediate implementation of these simple recommendations.
THREE CASES OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION TREATED BY ABDOMINAL SECTION.1. Intussusseption—2. Volvulus of Sigmoid—3. Strangulation by Meckel's Diverticulum.
Authors: A. J. OCHSNER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In reporting these cases of acute intestinal obstruction, due to mechanical causes, I am awrare that so small a number of cases cannot have any definite influence upon the plans of treatment which have been discussed with so much vigor in the medical societies in all parts of the world, especially since the general introduction of antiseptic surgery has made surgical treatment, theoretically at least, very attractive. The fact that individualization is of especial importance in cases of intestinal obstruction makes each additional observation of some value. I need not detain you by discussing the general subject of intestinal obstruction. This has been done so thoroughly by men of great experience in almost every civilized country, and especially well by our own Professor Senn, that I can certainly not improve upon it. I will consequently at once proceed to consider the cases which I have treated: <i>Case 1</i>.—December 15, 1892,
Surfactant free preparation of biodegradable dendritic polyglycerol nanogels by inverse nanoprecipitation for encapsulation and release of pharmaceutical biomacromolecules
Authors: Dirk Steinhilber, Madeleine Witting, Xuejiao Zhang, Michael Staegemann, Florian Paulus, Wolfgang Friess, Sarah Küchler, Rainer Haag
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Resistance to Therapy in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Jacqueline Lehmann-Che, Cecile Bally, Hugues de Thé
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

to genetic testing; interpreting complex results, including incidental findings; and communicating about risk. 2,3Genetic counselors also assist in obtaining third-party reimbursement for tests and provide an ongoing resource for reanalysis of negative results or interpretation of unknown variants.Implementation of CGES provides important opportunities for fruitful partnerships between physicians and genetic counselors.Such partnerships, which warrant explicit attention, support physicians and enhance patient satisfaction with care.
Prolonged antifibrinolysis: an effective non-surgical treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms?
Authors: R S Maurice-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The outcome of treatment with an antifibrinolytic agent (tranexamic acid) for six weeks after rupture of an intracranial aneurysm was assessed in a randomised controlled trial. Twenty-two out of 25 (88%) treated patients survived at follow-up of three to 33 months compared with 14 out of 25 (56%) control patients. Among the patients who did not undergo operation the survival rate was 81% (13 out of 16) in treated patients and 42% (8 out of 19) in controls. Antifibrinolytic treatment has so far been assumed merely to postpone rebleeding and has been used to enable surgery to be deferred. These findings suggest that tranexamic acid may actually prevent rebleeding without operation. Prolonged antifibrinolysis may therefore prove useful in those patients in good condition whose aneurysms do not lend themselves to surgical obliteration.
Robotic rectal resection for cancer: A prospective cohort study to analyze surgical, clinical and oncological outcomes
Authors: Amilcare Parisi, Jacopo Desiderio, Stefano Trastulli, Roberto Cirocchi, Francesco Ricci, Federico Farinacci, Antongiulio Mangia, Carlo Boselli, Giuseppe Noya, Angelo Filippini, Vito D'Andrea, Alberto Santoro
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)