tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public less worried about MMR vaccine than many other issues
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine may not be as great a bogeyman as recent media coverage suggests.

Research by the market research organisation MORI shows that people worry more about biological weapons, the genetic modification of food and animals, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, organ transplants from animals to humans, gene therapy, and health problems from mobile phones.

MORI …
Ambiguity in the U.K. guidelines for the management of cutaneous melanoma: reply from authors
Authors: J.A. Newton Bishop, P.G. Corrie, J. Evans, M.E. Gore, P.N. Hall, N. Kirkham, D.L.L. Roberts, A.V. Anstey, R.J. Barlow, N.H. Cox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)
Determinants of survival and left ventricular performance after mitral valve replacement. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease.
Authors: M H Crawford, J Souchek, C A Oprian, D C Miller, S Rahimtoola, J C Giacomini, G Sethi, K E Hammermeister
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To determine how survival and clinical status were related to left ventricular (LV) size and systolic function after mitral valve replacement, 104 patients (48 mitral regurgitation [MR], 33 mitral stenosis [MS], and 23 MS/MR) with isolated mitral valve replacement were evaluated before and after surgery. Preoperative hemodynamic abnormalities by cardiac catheterization were improved 6 months after surgery in all three patient groups. The patients with MR exhibited reductions in LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (117 +/- 51 to 89 +/- 27 ml/m2, p less than 0.001) and ejection fraction (EF) (0.56 +/- 0.15 to 0.45 +/- 0.13, p less than 0.001); however, the ratio of forward stroke volume to end-diastolic volume increased (0.32 +/- 0.21 to 0.45 +/- 0.17, p less than 0.001) because of the elimination of regurgitant volume. Survival analysis revealed that mortality was significantly higher in MS or MS/MR patients with postoperative EDVI more than 101 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.042, respectively) and in MR patients with postoperative EF less than or equal to 0.50 (p less than 0.031). Also, the majority of patients with MR or MS/MR and postoperative EDVI more than 101 ml/m2 and EF less than or equal to 0.50 were in New York Heart Association class III or IV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis in the patients with MR revealed that the strongest predictor of postoperative EF was preoperative EF (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Longitudinal Associations Between Changes in Physical Activity and Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in Older British Men
Authors: Barbara J. Jefferis, Peter H. Whincup, Lucy Lennon, S. Goya Wannamethee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To determine how much physical activity (PA) is needed to protect against diabetes onset in older adults, whether protection is greater among overweight individuals, and whether taking up moderate activity in later life is beneficial.Men (4,252) from a U.K. population-based cohort self-reported usual PA (regular walking and cycling, recreational activity, and sport) in 1996 and in 1998-2000, alongside other health behaviors and medical history. Fasting blood lipids were measured. Median follow-up was 7.1 years, during which 135 cases of type 2 diabetes (validated self-report) occurred.Among 3,012 men free from cardiovascular disease and diabetes in 1998-2000, 9% reported no usual leisure-time PA, 23% occasional PA, and 15% vigorous PA. Compared with men reporting no activity, men reporting occasional, light, moderate, moderately vigorous, and vigorous PA had lower diabetes risks: hazard ratio (HR) 0.58 (95% CI 0.33-1.02), 0.39 (0.20-0.74), 0.38 (0.19-0.73), 0.39 (0.20-0.77), and 0.33 (0.16-0.70), respectively; P (trend) = 0.002, adjusted for age, social class, tobacco, alcohol, diet, and blood lipids. Adjustment for BMI, waist circumference, or fasting insulin attenuated HRs. HRs were stronger in men with BMI ≥28 vs. <28 kg/m(2) (interaction P = 0.02). Compared with men reporting light activity or less in 1996 and 2000, men who became at least moderately active by 2000 or remained at least moderately active at both times had adjusted HRs of 0.62 (0.34-1.12) and 0.51 (0.31-0.82), respectively.Even light PA markedly reduced diabetes risk in older men, especially among the overweight or obese. Taking up or maintaining at least moderate PA in older adulthood strongly protected against diabetes.
Massive Hematemesis Resulting from Rupture of a Gastric-Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Gordon A. Donaldson, Edward Hamlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN RECENT years there has been an increasing interest in early operation as the most satisfactory treatment of acute massive bleeding from the upper intestinal tract. As a result of improvements in anesthesia, operative technic, blood replacement and general postoperative care the mortality in certain cases is lower than that resulting from conservative supportive measures.Various investigators have attempted to clarify the factors that influence the result and determine whether one patient will stand a better chance of survival if treated by conservative measures while another will be less likely to succumb if a surgical effort is made. As long . . .
The hypoxia imaging agent CuII(atsm) is neuroprotective and improves motor and cognitive functions in multiple animal models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lin W. Hung, Victor L. Villemagne, Lesley Cheng, Nicki A. Sherratt, Scott Ayton, Anthony R. White, Peter J. Crouch, SinChun Lim, Su Ling Leong, Simon Wilkins, Jessica George, Blaine R. Roberts, Chi L.L. Pham, Xiang Liu, Francis C.K. Chiu, David M. Shackleford, Andrew K. Powell, Colin L. Masters, Ashley I. Bush, Graeme O’Keefe, Janetta G. Culvenor, Roberto Cappai, Robert A. Cherny, Paul S. Donnelly, Andrew F. Hill, David I. Finkelstein, Kevin J. Barnham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, chronic disease characterized by dyskinesia, rigidity, instability, and tremors. The disease is defined by the presence of Lewy bodies, which primarily consist of aggregated α-synuclein protein, and is accompanied by the loss of monoaminergic neurons. Current therapeutic strategies only give symptomatic relief of motor impairment and do not address the underlying neurodegeneration. Hence, we have identified CuII(atsm) as a potential therapeutic for PD. Drug administration to four different animal models of PD resulted in improved motor and cognition function, rescued nigral cell loss, and improved dopamine metabolism. In vitro, this compound is able to inhibit the effects of peroxynitrite-driven toxicity, including the formation of nitrated α-synuclein oligomers. Our results show that CuII(atsm) is effective in reversing parkinsonian defects in animal models and has the potential to be a successful treatment of PD.
Association Between Fish Intake and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: Differences in normoglycemic and glucose intolerant elderly subjects
Authors: Edith J M Feskens, Carel H Bowles, Daan Kromhout
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To compare the association of habitual fish intake with 17-yr mortality of coronary heart disease between normoglycemic and glucose intolerant elderly subjects.In 1971, 272 men and women, 64-87 yr of age, were examined in a general practice in the town of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus) was observed in 83 subjects, and 189 subjects were found to be normoglycemic and free of clinically diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Information on usual dietary intake was obtained using the cross-check dietary history method.Fish consumption was found in 58.7% of the normoglycemic population and in 62.4% of the glucose intolerant population. Among normoglycemic subjects, the age- and sex-adjusted 17-yr mortality for coronary heart disease was 10.9/1000 person-yr for those who ate fish and 25.1/1000 person-yr for those who did not. For the glucose intolerant population, the rates were 20.6/1000 and 31.2/1000 person-yr, respectively. Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, intake of energy, polyunsaturated fat, and carbohydrates, the risk ratio for normoglycemic population was 0.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.72). For glucose intolerant subjects, an adjusted risk ratio of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.31-2.05) was observed.These results suggest that in a glucose intolerant population the possible protective effect of fish intake on coronary heart disease may be smaller than in normoglycemic subjects.
Forebrain GABAergic Neuron Precursors Integrate into Adult Spinal Cord and Reduce Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: João M. Bráz, Reza Sharif-Naeini, Daniel Vogt, Arnold Kriegstein, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, John L. Rubenstein, Allan I. Basbaum
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Minors' Rights to Consent to Medical Care
Authors: Angela R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The author reviews the legal trend in the United States during the last 25 years toward allowing adolescents greater freedom to make decisions regarding their health care. She discusses courts' use of the "mature minor" rule; state statutes permitting treatment of venereal disease and drug and alcohol abuse without parental knowledge; constitutional rights of adolescents to contraception at federally funded facilities; state requirements for parental or judicial involvement in adolescents' abortion decisions; and treatment refusal of elective as opposed to lifesaving treatment. Holder suggests that physicians consult their state or county medical societies for the specific laws that apply where they practice.
Key role of the sympathetic microenvironment for the interplay of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 in normal but not in inflamed mouse colon mucosa
Authors: R H Straub
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> In the intestinal tract, the role of sympathetic neurotransmitters has been largely ignored in mucosal neuroimmunology. <b>Aim:</b> Our aim was to investigate the influence of the sympathetic microenvironment on the mucosal interplay of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). <b>Methods:</b> Colon strips of normal and colitic BALB/c mice were superfused in vitro. Tissue was electrically stimulated to investigate the influence of endogenous norepinephrine (NE) on secretion of IL-6, with or without anti-TNF antibodies (anti-TNF) and adrenoceptor antagonists. IL-6 was secreted from macrophages. <b>Results:</b> Superfusion with anti-TNF stimulated IL-6 secretion in normal but not in colitic colon (p&lt;0.005). Parallel superfusion with a β-adrenergic antagonist abrogated this phenomenon. Anti-TNF increased release of NE from normal colonic strips (p&lt;0.05), which demonstrates TNF induced inhibition of preterminal NE release. In colitic mice, anti-TNF did not change NE release. In the presence of anti-TNF, exogenous and endogenous NE stimulated colonic IL-6 secretion via β-adrenoceptors in normal (p&lt;0.001) but not in colitic mice. In the absence of anti-TNF, endogenous and exogenous NE inhibited IL-6 secretion via the β-adrenoceptor in normal but not in colitic mice (p&lt;0.01). Colitic mice demonstrated loss of sympathetic nerve fibres. <b>Conclusions:</b> Modulation of mucosal IL-6 is largely dependent on the sympathetic microenvironment and availability of local TNF in normal but not in colitic mice. Anti-TNF strategies may lead to an increase in the proinflammatory cytokine depending on adrenergic tone. This would be relevant with normal sympathetic innervation, which is lost in colitic mice. We present a model of sympathetic regulation of colonic macrophage TNF and IL-6 secretion.
Exercise induced compartment syndrome in a professional footballer
Authors: E Cetinus, M Uzel, E Bilgiç, A Karaoguz, M Herdem
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Recurrent pain in the lower leg caused by exercise is a common problem in athletes. The main causes are exercise induced compartment syndrome, periostitis of the tibia, stress fracture, venous diseases, obliterative arterial diseases, and shin splints. Exercise induced compartment syndrome is the least common. A recurrent tightening or tense sensation and aching in anatomically defined compartments is pathognomonic. The symptoms are caused by abnormally high pressure in compartments of the leg during and after exercise. In this report, a case of exercise induced compartment syndrome in a professional footballer is described.
TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS BETWEEN PNEUMOCOCCUS AND THREE STRAINS OF STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Richard M. Bracco, Marjorie R. Krauss, Amy S. Roe, Colin M. MacLeod
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Reciprocal transformation reactions to streptomycin resistance have been demonstrated between pneumococcus and 2 strains of viridans streptococci, which by the usual bacteriological criteria are distantly related to pneumococcus. Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracts of a strain of streptomycin-resistant Streptococcus salivarius have been found capable of transforming pneumococcus and two strains of viridans streptococci but the strain itself was not transformed by autologous or heterologous DNA extracts. The two strains of viridans streptococci were more efficient than pneumococcus as receptors of both autologous and heterologous transforming principles. It is inferred, therefore, that efficiency of transformation does not necessarily indicate closeness of relationship among bacteria. The efficiency of transforming principles (TP's) from three streptococcal strains to induce streptomycin resistance in pneumococcus increased following their reduplication in pneumococcus. At the same time the efficiency of two of these TP's to transform streptococcus was reduced. Resistance to optochin (ethylhydrocupreine), a characteristic of most streptococci, can be transferred to pneumococcus, a naturally susceptible species, by transformation reactions.
732. Defining Tropism of Oncolytic Vectors by Protease Availability: Measles Viruses Selectively Fusing Matrix-Metalloproteinase Expressing Cells
Authors: Christoph Springfeld, Veronika von Messling, Christian Buchholz, Roberto Cattaneo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Measles virus (MV) is oncolytic: wild type MV infection occasionally induces lymphoma regression in humans, and the MV vaccine strain has been used to eliminate different types of human cancer xenografts in mice. Towards enhancing the MV specificity for different tumor types we are operating at different levels, including selective viral activation by tumor-specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We report here the engineering of a recombinant MV which fusion (F) protein is selectively cleaved and activated by a MMP. The F protein of wild type and vaccine MV is produced as an inative precursor F0 that is cleaved into an amino-terminal F2 subunit and a membrane-anchored F1 subunit bearing a fusion peptide. MV F0 is activated intracellularly by furin, but we have previously engineered a F protein activated by the extracellular protease trypsin (J. Gen. Virol. 81, 441-9, 2000).
Renal Disease in Acute Rheumatic Fever.
Authors: Seymour Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Renal Disease in Acute Rheumatic Fever.Seymour Cohen, M.D., Mardoqueo L. Salomon, M.D., Edith Grishman, M.D., Donald Gribetz, M.D., Jacob Churg, M.D.Seymour Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Mardoqueo L. Salomon, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edith Grishman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Donald Gribetz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jacob Churg, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1093_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough antecedent streptococcal infection is involved in the pathogenesis of both rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis, their simultaneous appearance and even their occurrence at different times in the same individual have been considered rare. Therefore, a study was undertaken by renal biopsy to determine the extent to which renal disease occurs in patients with acute rheumatic fever. Twenty-six patients were studied. Almost all had an elevation of antistreptolysin 0 antibody titer above 500 Todd units. Five of 10 adults and 9 of 16 children had clinical or laboratory evidence, or both, of renal disease. Of these, all had some proteinuria, two... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Seymour Cohen, M.D.; Mardoqueo L. Salomon, M.D.; Edith Grishman, M.D.; Donald Gribetz, M.D.; Jacob Churg, M.D.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1093-1094KeywordsBiopsyChildrenClinical laboratoriesGlomerulonephritisPathogenesisProteinuriaRenal diseasesResearch laboratoriesRheumatic feverStreptococcal infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Minimizing Tuberculosis Risk to Hospital Personnel and Students Exposed to Unsuspected Disease
Authors: ROBERT B. CRAVEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A 15-month prospective study of the personnel and students exposed to initially unsuspected active cases of tuberculosis was undertaken to define the risk of their acquiring infection. Eight of 484 (1.65%) personnel exposed to 17 initially unsuspected tuberculosis patients and 5 of 2013 (0.25%) unexposed personnel with similar risk but no known exposures developed positive tuberculin skin tests. This greater than sixfold increase in conversion rate for the exposed group was significant (chi-2=14.83; P=0.0003). Delay in making the diagnosis in these patients was associated with failure to apply a tuberculin skin test on admission in 14 patients and radiologic misinterpretation in 15. A comprehensive surveillance method involving the Employee and Student Health Departments as well as the Public Health Department is suggested to minimize the risk of undiagnosed tuberculosis.
The Scintigraphic Definition of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Pulmonary scintigrams were analyzed in conjunction with matched pulmonary angiograms for perfusion patterns, relation of perfusion to ventilation, and changes, with time, in the perfusion pattern. Eighty percent of the patients with lobar defects seen on scan and 30% with segmental or subsegmental defects had angiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism. Patients with lobar defects and pulmonary embolism had a lower incidence of findings on chest roentgenograms than did the other groups. Of the 20 patients with mismatched abnormalities of perfusion and ventilation, 19 had pulmonary emboli; none of the five patients with matched perfusion and ventilation had emboli. A rapidly changing perfusion pattern was found in ten patients with acute pulmonary embolism while a fixed pattern was found in five patients who did not have emboli. The data indicate that a large perfusion defect and a ventilation-perfusion mismatch correlate strongly with pulmonary embolism.
Euthanasia in the Netherlands — Good News or Bad?
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Euthanasia (the deliberate administration of a lethal drug to hasten death in a suffering patient) is officially a crime in the Netherlands, punishable by up to 12 years in prison, but its practice has been accepted there for over 20 years, protected by a body of case law and strong public support. Adding to the legal ambiguity, the Royal Dutch Medical Association issued guidelines for the practice of euthanasia in 1984, and they were endorsed by a government-appointed commission on euthanasia a year later.1,2 The guidelines require that four conditions be met before euthanasia is performed: (1) the patient . . .
Drug intake during Ramadan
Authors: N Aadil, I E Houti, S Moussamih
Journal: BMJ (2004)

During Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, adult Muslims are required to refrain from taking any food, beverages, or oral drugs, as well as from sexual intercourse, between dawn and sunset. Ramadan can occur in any of the four seasons, and the hours spent fasting vary accordingly from 11 hours to 18 hours a day. Rhythms of life and habits during this fasting period differ from one country to another. In Morocco, two to three meals daily are eaten within a short overnight span during this month. The first meal might be taken immediately after sunset (Iftar) and the second one around three hours later (dinner); the last meal might be taken shortly before dawn (Sohour). Intake of drug doses is therefore not easy, and its adjustment to the life rhythm of Ramadan is often not rational.

Aslam et al surveyed 81 patients to determine the alterations they made to their drug regimens during the fasting period of Ramadan.1 They found that 42% of the patients adhered to their usual treatment, and 58% changed their intake pattern. Among the second group, 35 patients stopped their treatments, eight changed the administration schedule, and four took all the daily doses in one intake. Another survey of 325 outpatients in a Kuwaiti hospital found that most of them changed their drug regimens during Ramadan.2 Sixty four per cent of the patients changed their therapeutic scheme during the month; 18% took their daily medicines in a single intake, either before the first meal (sunset) or straight after the last one (before dawn). The authors warned about the high risk of drug interactions in such cases. In fact, a 57 year old woman with heart failure experienced side effects of digitalis after being treated with both a thiazide diuretic and …
Facial skin fluorescence as a marker of the skin's response to chronic environmental insults and its dependence on age
Authors: G.N. Stamatas, R.B. Estanislao, M. Suero, Z.S. Rivera, J. Li, A. Khaiat, N. Kollias
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Throughout life facial skin is exposed to a variety of adverse environmental conditions and is constantly required to repair itself. The rate of epidermal cell proliferation is indicative of the skin's repair rate and can be monitored noninvasively in vivo using skin intrinsic fluorescence markers.The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of ageing, geographical region, ethnic origin and season on the ability of facial skin to repair itself in the presence of chronic environmental insults using in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy.Skin fluorescence emission was measured on the cheeks of 522 individuals in winter and repeated in summer in five different geographical locations in the Asia-Pacific region. Fluorescence emission was also measured from 80 caucasians of fair complexion in the United States (New Jersey area) on the face and on a relatively protected area (upper inner arm). The age range of the participants was 14-75 years.We found that epidermal proliferation rates decrease monotonically with age, while the fluorescence of collagen and elastin cross-links increases with age indicating accumulation of advanced glycation end-products. These trends were independent of geographical region, ethnic origin and season of measurement. Epidermal proliferation rates of facial skin were higher than those of unexposed sites; they may be 10 times higher in younger (second decade) than in older (seventh decade) individuals, and they decrease with age at rates 10 times faster compared with those of unexposed sites.This is the first time that epidermal proliferation and its dependence on ageing have been measured noninvasively on the human face. The higher tryptophan fluorescence values on the face vs. the protected site are indicative of accelerated rates of epidermal proliferation in the presence of chronic environmental insults. The repair potential of facial skin, i.e. its ability to maintain high proliferation rates, is maximal in younger populations and gradually decreases with age.