tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Loring Park-Reply
Authors: Frederic L. Coe
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Last spring, our poetry class encountered "The Prioress's Tale,"<sup>1</sup>altogether ignorant, altogether repugnant. The attitudes and biases that led to such a tradition harmed my kind, and still do, although one line in it the critic Matthew Arnold singled out as perhaps the most pure in our language. How much fault was Chaucer's? Should that poem be deleted, as it is a vile insult to a people? Certainly, being at court, Chaucer knew no Jew had been in England since the expulsion of 1280. But he shared, I believe, the resonant and horrid vision of child murdering fostered by the church and found convenient by occasional kings. By sharing, I mean he moved under its influence, like a sail that has caught the wind, for lies and mistruths and prejudice have such power if they tap into whatever silent and deep-running sources drive poetry. The cripple, the
Guidelines for Policy Statements: the Explicit Approach
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE FIRST obligation of a policymaker is to design a policy that, if accepted and applied correctly, will improve patients' lives. The second obligation is to present the policy in a way that ensures it will be accepted and applied correctly. The first obligation is addressed through the choice of methods for designing a policy.<sup>1</sup>The second obligation is addressed through the policy statement. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objectives for policy statements are similar to the objectives for methods: accuracy, accountability, predictability, defensibility, and usability.<sup>1</sup>The pertinence of these objectives to policy statements can be appreciated by viewing the policy statement from the perspective of the people who will be affected by it—practitioners, patients, and payers. Begin with the primary audience of a policy statement— practitioners. The purpose of a practice policy is to modify the behavior of practitioners to steer their decisions toward actions that the policymakers consider desirable.
Abstract 14441: Betareceptor Blocker Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results from the Double-Blind Randomized Nebivolol or Metoprolol in Arterial Occlusive Disease (NORMA) Trial
Authors: Christine Espinola-Klein, Gerhard Weisser, Annika Jagozinski, Savvas Savvidis, Tommaso Gori, Ascan Warnholtz, Mir-Abolfazl Ostad, Christoph Wissmann, Roger Limberg, Thomas Munzel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: Their impact on vasomotor tone complicates the use of betareceptor blockers in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The betareceptor blocker Nebivolol possesses additional va...
Independent Effect of Ethnicity on Glycemia in South Asians and White Europeans
Authors: Samiul A. Mostafa, Melanie J. Davies, David R. Webb, Balasubramanian Thiagarajan Srinivasan, Laura J. Gray, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

HbA(1c) levels are higher in most ethnic groups compared with white Europeans (WEs) independent of glycemic control. This comparison has not been performed between South Asians (SAs) and WEs. We analyzed the independent effect of ethnicity on HbA(1c) and fasting and 2-h plasma glucose (FPG and 2 hrPG, respectively) between these groups.Analysis of the ADDITION-Leicester study, in which 4,688 WEs and 1,352 SAs underwent oral glucose tolerance testing, HbA(1c), and other risk factor measurements.Significant associations with HbA(1c) included ethnicity, FPG, 2 hrPG, and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (P < 0.001); age and sex (P < 0.01); and fasting insulin and potassium (P < 0.05). After adjusting for these and other risk factors, SAs demonstrated higher HbA(1c) (6.22 and 6.02%, mean difference 0.20%, 0.10-0.30, P < 0.001), FPG (5.15 and 5.30 mmol/L, mean difference 0.15 mmol/L, 0.09-0.21, P < 0.001), and 2 hrPG (5.82 and 6.57 mmol/L, mean difference 0.75 mmol/L, 0.59-0.92, P < 0.001) compared with WEs, respectively.HbA(1c), FPG, and 2 hrPG levels were higher in SAs independent of factors affecting glycemic control.
A randomized comparison of dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Madhu K. Natarajan, Graham A. Turpie, Dominic L. Raco, James L. Velianou, Shamir R. Mehta, Rizwan Afzal, David R. Goodhart, Jeffrey S. Ginsberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Improving Single Injection CSF Delivery of AAV9-mediated Gene Therapy for SMA: A Dose–response Study in Mice and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Kathrin Meyer, Laura Ferraiuolo, Leah Schmelzer, Lyndsey Braun, Vicki McGovern, Shibi Likhite, Olivia Michels, Alessandra Govoni, Julie Fitzgerald, Pablo Morales, Kevin D Foust, Jerry R Mendell, Arthur H M Burghes, Brian K Kaspar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most frequent lethal genetic neurodegenerative disorder in infants. The disease is caused by low abundance of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein leading to motor neuron degeneration and progressive paralysis. We previously demonstrated that a single intravenous injection (IV) of self-complementary adeno-associated virus-9 carrying the human SMN cDNA (scAAV9-SMN) resulted in widespread transgene expression in spinal cord motor neurons in SMA mice as well as nonhuman primates and complete rescue of the disease phenotype in mice. Here, we evaluated the dosing and efficacy of scAAV9-SMN delivered directly to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) via single injection. We found widespread transgene expression throughout the spinal cord in mice and nonhuman primates when using a 10 times lower dose compared to the IV application. Interestingly, in nonhuman primates, lower doses than in mice can be used for similar motor neuron targeting efficiency. Moreover, the transduction efficacy is further improved when subjects are kept in the Trendelenburg position to facilitate spreading of the vector. We present a detailed analysis of transduction levels throughout the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord of nonhuman primates, providing new guidance for translation toward therapy for a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most frequent lethal genetic neurodegenerative disorder in infants. The disease is caused by low abundance of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein leading to motor neuron degeneration and progressive paralysis. We previously demonstrated that a single intravenous injection (IV) of self-complementary adeno-associated virus-9 carrying the human SMN cDNA (scAAV9-SMN) resulted in widespread transgene expression in spinal cord motor neurons in SMA mice as well as nonhuman primates and complete rescue of the disease phenotype in mice. Here, we evaluated the dosing and efficacy of scAAV9-SMN delivered directly to the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) via single injection. We found widespread transgene expression throughout the spinal cord in mice and nonhuman primates when using a 10 times lower dose compared to the IV application. Interestingly, in nonhuman primates, lower doses than in mice can be used for similar motor neuron targeting efficiency. Moreover, the transduction efficacy is further improved when subjects are kept in the Trendelenburg position to facilitate spreading of the vector. We present a detailed analysis of transduction levels throughout the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord of nonhuman primates, providing new guidance for translation toward therapy for a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders.
Abstract 259: Novel biliary tract cancer stem cell biomarker TAGLN2 regulates migration via c-met signaling cascades in biliary tract cancer cells.
Authors: Soo Been Park, Sun A Kim, Si Young Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background/Aims : Biliary tract cancer is one of the lethal malignancy. Most biliary tract cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages and have poor prognosis. Currently, there are no standard biomarkers and chemotherapeutic agents for biliary tract cancers. In order to find the biomarkers and therapeutic targets for biliary tract cancer, we have focused on the cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor initiating/self renewing/metastatic capacity and chemo/radio-resistance. In this study, we investigated the function of biliary tract CSC related biomarker TALGN2 discovered from comparision of cDNA microarray between sphere and adherent cell populations of biliary tract cancer cell lines. Methods : Analysis using cDNA microarray between sphere and adherent cell populations and selection of CSC specific biomarkers were performed. Among them, we selected TAGLN2 as a biliary CSC related gene. TAGLN2 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. To evaluate the function of TAGLN2 in biliary carcinogenesis, we performed targeted knockdown via siRNA in SNU1196 biliary tract cancer cell line. Results : The expression of stemness and c-met signaling cascades were up-regulated in sphere cells compared with adherent cells. TAGLN2 was also up-regulated in sphere cells. TAGLN2 was highly expressed in most of biliary tract cancer cell lines and biliary tract cancer tissues. TAGLN2 knockdown cells showed decreased cell migration and increased chemosentitivity compared with mock cells. In addition, we found that c-met signaling cascades including PI3K and MAPK were inactivated in TAGLN2 knockdown cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that biliary tract CSC biomarker TAGLN2 is implicated in biliary tract cancer progression and TAGLN2 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for biliary tract cancer. Citation Format: Soo Been Park, Sun A Kim, Si Young Song. Novel biliary tract cancer stem cell biomarker TAGLN2 regulates migration via c-met signaling cascades in biliary tract cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-259
Provision of sex education and early sexual experience: the relation examined
Authors: K Wellings, J Wadsworth, A M Johnson, J Field, L Whitaker, B Field
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>:To explore the relation between receipt of sex education and experience of first intercourse. <b>Subjects and design</b>:The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles is based on a sample of 18876 respondents aged 16-59, randomly selected from the Post Office9s small-user postcode address file. Data were collected between May 1990 and November 1991 by personal interviews combining a self administered questionnaire with a face to face interview. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Age at first intercourse, use of contraception at first intercourse, actual and preferred source of sex education (including school based lessons). <b>Results</b>: Median age at first intercourse fell by four years for women and three years for men over the past four decades, to 17 for both men and women aged 16-19 at the time of interview. Of those respondents for whom school was the main source of information about sexual matters, men were less likely, and women no more likely, to have had intercourse before the age of 16 than were those citing other main sources, such as friends and the media. Both men and women were more likely to have used some method of contraception. In multivariate analysis, these effects remained after controlling for the effect of current age, educational attainment, and religious affiliation. <b>Conclusions</b>: These data provide no evidence to support the concern that provision of school sex education might hasten the onset of sexual experience. These findings have important implications for the provision of sexual health education and highlight the need to carry out prospective and randomised studies of the impact of sex education.
Enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes
Authors: D. Hober, F. Sane
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Are clearly linked, but the mechanism is yet to be explained

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease of the endocrine pancreas that results in impairment of insulin producing pancreatic β cells. Inflammation of the pancreas correlates with the onset of symptoms, and susceptibility to the disease is influenced by genetic factors⇓.1



Coxsackie B3/AMI Images/SPL

The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes has increased over the past 25 years at an annual rate of 3%, but this cannot be explained only by genetic modifications in the population. It has therefore been suggested that environmental factors—such as drugs; toxins; nutrients (for example, cows’ milk); and viruses like rotaviruses, adenoviruses, retroviruses, reoviruses, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, mumps virus, or rubella virus—can play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Viruses of the enterovirus genus, which have an RNA genome, are the most likely candidates, especially serotypes like coxsackie B virus belonging to the …
Impaired vitamin E status in patients with parenchymal liver cirrhosis: Relationships with lipoprotein compositional alterations, nutritional factors, and oxidative susceptibility of plasma
Authors: Natalia Ferr[eacute], Jordi Camps, Eduard Prats, Josefa Girona, Frederic G[oacute]mez, Mercedes Heras, Josep M. Sim[oacute], Josep Ribalta, Jorge Joven
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
A Study of a Case of Green Urine.
Authors: E. M. Hummel
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Jackson, La., March 8, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Apropos of the article of Dr. Cooper with the above title, inThe JournalMarch 5, page 638, is the following case: While an interne of the Charity Hospital, New Orleans, during 1901, I was called about 2 o'clock one morning to a patient suffering from urinary retention. I found a young negro man with a greatly distended bladder. He was easily catheterized, and an unusually large quantity of urine of a beautiful light-green color was withdrawn. He informed me that he had been taking some pills which he had purchased at a nearby drug store, and which had been recommended to him by the druggist for the cure of "lost manhood." He showed me several of the pills, together with the vial containing them. They were coated with some white substance, and the essential substance was in appearance not unlike methylene
A Primer of Electrocardiography
Authors: Ernest O. Theilen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This monograph is precisely what it is stated to be. It is an excellent elementary textbook which presents the fundamentals of electrocardiography in a concise and lucid manner. This book is designed for the beginning student, although it might be quite valuable for review by general practitioners and internists who see only limited numbers of tracings. It is not intended as a reference work, however. The presentation tends to be somewhat dogmatic at times. Discussion of many of the controversial issues in electrocardiography has been omitted. An unusual feature of this text is the lack of any reproductions of actual tracings. Clear line drawings of electrocardiograms have been substituted instead. These have an advantage over actual tracings in that it is possible to omit confusing or irrelevant details and to emphasize important areas. The text is profusely illustrated with other line drawings which are well integrated with the text and
RESIDUA AND SEQUELAE OF EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: S. PHILIP GOODHART
Journal: JAMA (1925)

An intensive stimulus to biologic inquiry has been given to neuropsychiatry since epidemic encephalitis made evident the need of a recasting of clinical modalities and their interpretations with reference to pathologic findings. The psychotic manifestations of encephalitis, those that accompany or are a part of the acute illness, are now definitely recognized as of the nature of acute organic reactions; that is to say, are of the type of psychic symptoms produced in the deliria of etiologically toxic basis. In nearly all cases of epidemic encephalitis, there seems to be, at least in some degree, an involvement of the psyche. The form and degree of clouding of the sensorium in more profound cases vary from active deliria to stupor and even profound coma. The so-called occupational delirium, as is well known, is more often seen, and the tendency to "push of talk" is more frequent in epidemic encephalitis than in
The Blood-Brain Barrier-Why the Brain Dies First
Authors: W. James Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The medical literature relating to the blood-brain barrier contains relatively little on the probable role of plasma protein in this phenomenon. My interest in the osmotic behavior of the protein molecule began in 1932<sup>1</sup>when experiments were undertaken in an attempt to explain the latent interval that characterizes the syndrome of chronic subdural hematoma. These tests showed that measured amounts of the animal's blood contained in a cellophane sac increased in volume when immersed in cerebrospinal fluid or when placed beneath the dura. This effect was attributed to the osmotic tension of plasma protein acting across a membrane impermeable to this molecule. A point frequently overlooked is the difference between osmolality and osmotic tension. As succinctly pointed out by Doemling,<sup>2</sup>relative osmolality concerns only the total concentration of osmotically active molecules or ions on the two sides of an interposed membrane, while relative tonicity concerns
Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis
Authors: Itzhak Brook
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the excellent article by Schwartz et al (1981; 246:1790) and the editorial by Patricia Ferrieri, MD (1981;246:1813). These presentations dealt with the most important issue of the adequate length of treatment of group A streptococci pharyngitis. However, both the article and the review mentioned the enigma of the failure of penicillin to eradicate the streptococci in 18% of the patients. This was noted in the article by Schwartz et al in a rate similar to the one found by Gastanaduy et al,<sup>1</sup>who also described the higher failure rates (30% to 50%) in the second and third courses of penicillin therapy. The reasons for that phenomenon are still unknown and speculative. I would like to present the data we have obtained that may shed some light on this phenomenon and may suggest a new approach of resolving this enigma. We have been studying the
Abstract 5509: Liver cancer risk prediction model from a large prospective cohort in Taiwan
Authors: Chi-Pang Wen, Jie Lin, Yi-Chen Yang, Chwen-Keng Tsao, Carol Etzel, Maosheng Huang, Min-Kuang Tsai, Yuanqing Ye, Mishra Lopa, Ernest Hawk, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Models predicting liver cancer are only available for the high risk population with hepatitis carriers but not for the general population. we developed risk prediction models for liver cancer using data collected from a large health screening program in Taiwan with long term follow up. The cohort included 444,023 subjects at baseline. During a median follow up time of 7.4 years, 1,668 subjects developed liver cancer. Epidemiologic data, medical history and routine blood panel including serum transaminases data were collected with optional additional testing for HBV or HCV status. Liver cancer cases were ascertained by computerized record linkage with both the National Cancer Registry and the National Death Certification profiles in Taiwan. Stepwise Cox regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors in the multivariate models. Individualized risk of developing liver cancer in 10 years was calculated from baseline probability and relative risk profile estimated from the Cox regression model. Models were developed separately to provide risk prediction for subjects who chose to have HCV tested (130,533 subjects at baseline and 416 liver cancer cases) and who chose otherwise (313,490 subjects and 1,252 liver cancer cases). Since the results for both sub-cohorts are comparable and we only reported results for the sub-cohort with HCV tested. In the sub-cohort with HCV tested, the model with only questionnaire data identified significant main effects for male gender, older age, prior history of diabetes, pack year of smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity. This epidemiologic model had an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI=0.772-0.815) for 10-year risk prediction. With only data from measures of Transaminases, the model achieved an AUC of 0.927 (95% CI=0.911-0.938), a significant increase as compared to the model with only epidemiologic variables. The addition of HBV improved the AUC to 0.936 (95% CI=0.913-0.958). Similar results were obtained for sub-cohort without HCV testing. The addition of HCV status in combination with HBV status, the AUC improve to 0.941 (95% CI=0.918-0.967). Among models using key history and blood panels, the use of serum Transaminases only, available in routine health check-ups, was able to provide most information needed in predicting liver cancer in the general public. Additional testing of HBV and /or HCV further increased the prediction power. This simple transaminase-based model for the general public can be valuable in clinical practice for identifying high risk individuals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5509. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5509