tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sick Sinus Syndrome: Experience of a Cardiac Pacemaker Clinic
Authors: D. J. Radford, D. G. Julian
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Out of a pacemaker clinic population of 182 patients 21 (11.5%) were found to have the sick sinus syndrome. Their ages ranged from 30 to 80 years and averaged 62. Ischaemic heart disease was more commonly an aetiological factor than in patients with chronic atrioventricular heart block. Other aetiologies were familial cardiomyopathy, postcardiac surgery, and dystrophia myotonica.Cardioversion before pacemaker insertion was a hazardous procedure. After insertion the occurrence of tachycardias and the need for drug therapy were reduced. One patient no longer required a pacemaker once atrial fibrillation became established.A high incidence of cerebral embolization was observed and the use of anticoagulant drugs therefore merits serious consideration.Failure of inhibition of demand-type pacemakers occurred in two patients. Two patients who exhibited competition with fixed-rate pacemakers died. Two patients were treated with electrodes surgically implanted on the right atrium. It is suggested that fixed-rate pacemakers may be contra-indicated and that sequential atrioventricular demand pacing is theoretically ideal.
Non-viral gene transfer in porcine myocardium enhanced by transmyocardial laser revascularization
Authors: U. Sayeed-Shah, M.J. Mann, S. Grachev, R. Reul, S.J. Ferzoco, R. Laurence, V.J. Dzau, L.H. Cohn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Effect of Sympathoinhibition on Exercise Performance in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Chim C. Lang, Glenn H. Rayos, Don B. Chomsky, Alastair J. J. Wood, John R. Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In patients with heart failure, excessive sympathetic activation during exercise could interfere with exercise performance by impairing arteriolar dilation in working muscle and by adversely altering skeletal muscle metabolic behavior. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of sympathoinhibition with clonidine, a central sympatholytic agent, on skeletal muscle blood flow and metabolism in patients with heart failure. Methods and Results Swan-Ganz and femoral venous catheters were inserted in 20 patients with chronic heart failure and exercise intolerance (peak exercise V̇ o 2 =9.3±1.4 [SEM] mL·min −1 ·kg −1 ). Central hemodynamic measurements, leg blood flow determined by thermodilution, and systemic and leg metabolic parameters were measured during maximal treadmill exercise before and 2 hours after clonidine 2 μg/kg IV (n=15) or 0.9% normal saline (n=5). During control exercise before the administration of clonidine, leg blood flow increased from 0.3±0.1 to 1.8±0.2 L/min and plasma norepinephrine increased from 485±61 to 2155±186 pg/mL (both P &lt;.01). Treatment with clonidine markedly suppressed norepinephrine levels during exercise (matched peak exercise workload: control, 2137±187 versus clonidine, 1430±161 pg/mL), increased leg blood flow (control, 1.8±0.2 versus clonidine, 2.3±0.4 L/min), reduced systemic oxygen consumption (control, 1002±70 versus clonidine, 966±68 mL/min), reduced pulmonary artery lactate concentration (control, 3.2±0.3 versus clonidine, 2.6±0.2 mEq/L), and decreased minute ventilation (control, 39.7±2.1 versus clonidine, 34.9±2.4 L/min) (all P &lt;.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that sympathetic activation during exercise reduces leg blood flow, increases muscle glycolysis, and decreases muscle efficiency in patients with heart failure.
Abstract 312: Autophagy mediates HIF2α degradation and suppresses renal tumorigenesis
Authors: Xian-De Liu, Jun Yao, Durga N. Tripathi, Zhiyong Ding, Yi Xu, Mianen Sun, Jiangwei Zhang, Shanshan Bai, Peter German, Anh Hoang, Lijun Zhou, Xuesong Zhang, Claudio J. Conti, Eleni Efstathiou, Tony N. Eissa, Gordon B. Mills, Cheryl L. Walker, Eric Jonasch
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Autophagy is a conserved process involved in lysosomal degradation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. The role of autophagy in cancer is a topic of intense debate, and the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Here we reported that the hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF2α), an oncogenic transcription factor implicated in renal tumorigenesis, was in part constitutively degraded by autophagy. HIF2α interacts with autophagy protein LC3, autophagy receptor p62, and lysosome protein LAMP1. Inhibition of autophagy results in HIF2α accumulation, while induction of autophagy promotes HIF2α degradation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is required for autophagic degradation of HIF2α. There is a complementary interaction between the proteasome and autophagy in HIF2α degradation. Autophagy inactivation in ATG5 knockout cells redirects HIF2α to proteasomal degradation, while proteasome inhibition induced autophagy and favored the HIF2α-p62 interaction. Importantly, we reported that clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) was frequently associated with mono-allelic loss and/or mutation of autophagy related gene ATG7, and low expression level of autophagy genes correlated with ccRCC progression. This study sheds light on the anticancer role for autophagy in ccRCC tumorigenesis, and reveals constitutive autophagic degradation of HIF2α as a novel tumor suppression mechanism. Citation Format: Xian-De Liu, Jun Yao, Durga N. Tripathi, Zhiyong Ding, Yi Xu, Mianen Sun, Jiangwei Zhang, Shanshan Bai, Peter German, Anh Hoang, Lijun Zhou, Xuesong Zhang, Claudio J. Conti, Eleni Efstathiou, Tony N. Eissa, Gordon B. Mills, Cheryl L. Walker, Eric Jonasch. Autophagy mediates HIF2α degradation and suppresses renal tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-312
The cardiac conduction system in situs ambiguus.
Authors: D F Dickinson, J L Wilkinson, K R Anderson, A Smith, S Y Ho, R H Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The cardiac specialized conduction tissue was studied by serial sectioning in 13 cases of situs ambiguus. In four cases of right isomerism, we found paired sinus nodes in relation to a crista terminalis, and in each case a sling of conduction tissue between two atrioventricular nodes was present regardless of the ventricular morphology or cardiac position. In the cases with left isomerism, the sinus node was hypoplastic and abnormally located. We saw two types of atrioventricular conduction systems. In the three cases in which the morphologically right ventricle lay to the right of the morphologically left ventricle (presumed d-loop), a single atrioventricular bundle arose from a normally located atrioventricular node. In the five cases in which the morphologically right ventricle lay to the left of the morphologically left ventricle (presumed l-loop) and in the one case with a univentricular heart, paired atrioventricular nodes were present, linked or potentially linked by a sling of conduction tissue.
Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity
Authors: Christian Dina, David Meyre, Sophie Gallina, Emmanuelle Durand, Antje Körner, Peter Jacobson, Lena M S Carlsson, Wieland Kiess, Vincent Vatin, Cecile Lecoeur, Jérome Delplanque, Emmanuel Vaillant, François Pattou, Juan Ruiz, Jacques Weill, Claire Levy-Marchal, Fritz Horber, Natascha Potoczna, Serge Hercberg, Catherine Le Stunff, Pierre Bougnères, Peter Kovacs, Michel Marre, Beverley Balkau, Stéphane Cauchi, Jean-Claude Chèvre, Philippe Froguel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Brain SPECT Findings in a Patient With Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
Authors: Esra Arzu Gencoglu, Fusun Alehan, Ilknur Erol, Aynur Koyuncu, Murat Aras
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) refers to distortions in body images and in the apparent size, shape, and spatial relations of objects seen. The authors present a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with AIWS. Fifteen days after she had had an upper respiratory tract infection and tonsillitis, she began to complain of several episodes in which the objects and the people around her seemed too small or too big. Brain SPECT with Tc-99m HMPAO performed during the acute stage of AIWS showed hypoperfusion in the right frontal and the right frontoparietal regions.
GPs, patients, and the distance between them
Authors: J Robson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The issue of coherent catchment areas for primary care is raised again by Murray and colleagues in this week's journal (p 100).1 The problem can be viewed from two perspectives: the distance that the patient is from the doctor and the distance that the doctor is from the patient.

For most people the convenience of the nearest surgery is the main determinant of where they register.2 Nevertheless, many go further afield, and historic factors may be important in their choice. When they move, those in urban areas often remain with the devil they know—“the desire to maintain a link with a doctor known to the family … appears to be stronger than any wish to minimise the distance travelled to the practice premises.”3 The availability of a woman doctor, and, for patients from ethnic minorities, …
Naturally occurring hypoallergenic Bet v 1 isoforms fail to induce IgE responses in individuals with birch pollen allergy
Authors: Stefan Wagner, Christian Radauer, Merima Bublin, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Tamara Kopp, Elli K. Greisenegger, Lothar Vogel, Stefan Vieths, Otto Scheiner, Heimo Breiteneder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Comparable Doses of Adrenal Corticosteroids
Authors: C. J. Falliers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The ratio of hydrocortisone to dexamethasone and betamethasone quoted by Dr. Max Michael (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:280 [July 27] 1963) has not been confirmed by others. In the administration of adrenal corticosteroids to patients with asthma, we have found that one tablet of 0.6 mg of betamethasone is equal in antiasthmatic potency to approximately 10 mg of prednisone, or 60 mg of cortisone acetate. The mean daily doses of the three compounds producing a similar clinical response in our experience have been 1 mg of betamethasone, 17 mg of prednisone, and 106 mg of cortisone acetate (<i>Amer J Dis Child</i><b>105</b>:127 [Feb] 1963;<i>Amer J Dis Child</i><b>106</b>: 388 [Oct] 1963).
The role of pharmacologically active microcarriers releasing TGF-β3 in cartilage formation in vivo by mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Carine Bouffi, Olivier Thomas, Claire Bony, Alexandra Giteau, Marie-Claire Venier-Julienne, Christian Jorgensen, Claudia Montero-Menei, Danièle Noël
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Piltdown--hoax or fraud?
Authors: S. F. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The BMJ ’s revelations about Wakefield and the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) scare are shocking. I am stunned by the BBC’s silence considering how much air time they gave Wakefield when the MMR scare was developing, especially on radio 4 news. This should prompt us to try to educate people about …
Pancreaticojejunostomy with double-layer continuous suturing is associated with a lower risk of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A comparative study
Authors: Weiping Ji, Zhuo Shao, Kailian Zheng, Juan Wang, Bin Song, Hongyun Ma, Liang Tang, Ligang Shi, Yang Wang, Xinxing Li, Bo Song, Yijie Zhang, Gang Jin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Accumulation of "small dense" low density lipoproteins (LDL) in a homozygous patients with familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 results from heterogenous interaction of LDL subfractions with the LDL receptor.
Authors: W März, M W Baumstark, H Scharnagl, V Ruzicka, S Buxbaum, J Herwig, T Pohl, A Russ, L Schaaf, A Berg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The interaction of LDL and LDL subfractions from a patient homozygous for familial defective apoB-100 (FDB) has been studied. His LDL cholesterol ranged from 2.65 to 3.34 g/liter. In cultured fibroblasts, binding, internalization, and degradation of the patient's LDL was diminished, but not completely abolished. The patient's apolipoprotein E concentration was low, and the amount of apolipoprotein E associated with LDL was not elevated over normal. LDL were separated into six subfractions: LDL-1 (1.019-1.031 kg/liter), LDL-2 (1.031-1.034 kg/liter), LDL-3 (1.034-1.037 kg/liter), LDL-4 (1.037-1.040 kg/liter), LDL-5 (1.040-1.044 kg/liter), and LDL-6 (> 1.044 kg/liter). LDL-5 and LDL-6 selectively accumulated in the patient's plasma. Concentrations of LDL-1 to 3 were normal. The LDL receptor-mediated uptake of LDL-1 and LDL-2 could not be distinguished from normal LDL. LDL-3 and LDL-4 displayed reduced uptake; LDL-5 and LDL-6 were completely defective in binding. When apolipoprotein E-containing particles were removed by immunoabsorption before preparing subfractions, LDL-3 and LDL-4, but not LDL-1 and LDL-2, retained some receptor binding activity. We conclude that in FDB, LDL-1 and LDL-2 contain sufficient apolipoprotein E to warrant normal cellular uptake. In LDL-3 and LDL-4, the defective apoB-100 itself displays some receptor binding; LDL-5 and LDL-6 are inable to interact with LDL receptors and accumulate in plasma.
Histoplasmosis in Cyprus: Report of Two Cases
Authors: D. J. Stoker
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MethodsA Leeds boys' school was visited and co-operation obtained from boys aged between 10 and 18 years.A medical history was taken and a physical examination made to assess develop- ment and exclude so far as possible those with a eunuchoid stature or a past or present disorder likely to be associated with gynaecomastia.The boys were classed as pre-pubertal, pubertal, or post-pubertal by examination of the size of the testes, the presence or absence of axillary, pubic, limb, and facial hair, acne, and the depth of the voice.The degree of sexual maturity was denoted by "immature," " partially mature," or " fully mature."Gynaecomastia was detected by the presence of a palpable disk beneath the nipple, the approximate size of which was noted.Twenty-four boys, seven of whom had some degree of gynaecomastia, collected all their urine for three consecutive days.Daily specimens were stored at 4°C., pooled for each on 26 July
Case 3-1985
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Simmons Lessell, E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Presentation of CaseA 33-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of facial weakness and ophthalmopleia without ptosis.He was well until 15 years earlier, when it was observed that he was unable to close his right eyelids fully when asleep. Two years later horizontal diplopia developed on left lateral gaze. During the next 10 years there was subtle progression of the diplopia. Eight years before entry he noticed that his smile was asymmetric, with a droop of the right side of the face, and an examiner found that the right palpebral fissure could be opened when he was . . .
Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Ashley Wazana
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextControversy exists over the fact that physicians have regular contact with the pharmaceutical industry and its sales representatives, who spend a large sum of money each year promoting to them by way of gifts, free meals, travel subsidies, sponsored teachings, and symposia.ObjectiveTo identify the extent of and attitudes toward the relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry and its representatives and its impact on the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of physicians.Data SourcesA MEDLINE search was conducted for English-language articles published from 1994 to present, with review of reference lists from retrieved articles; in addition, an Internet database was searched and 5 key informants were interviewed.Study SelectionA total of 538 studies that provided data on any of the study questions were targeted for retrieval, 29 of which were included in the analysis.Data ExtractionData were extracted by 1 author. Articles using an analytic design were considered to be of higher methodological quality.Data SynthesisPhysician interactions with pharmaceutical representatives were generally endorsed, began in medical school, and continued at a rate of about 4 times per month. Meetings with pharmaceutical representatives were associated with requests by physicians for adding the drugs to the hospital formulary and changes in prescribing practice. Drug company–sponsored continuing medical education (CME) preferentially highlighted the sponsor's drug(s) compared with other CME programs. Attending sponsored CME events and accepting funding for travel or lodging for educational symposia were associated with increased prescription rates of the sponsor's medication. Attending presentations given by pharmaceutical representative speakers was also associated with nonrational prescribing.ConclusionThe present extent of physician-industry interactions appears to affect prescribing and professional behavior and should be further addressed at the level of policy and education.
PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION OF RECENTLY DIAGNOSED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM THE RECORDAF &amp;ndash; US COHORT
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang, John Reeves, Chunfu Qiu, Pamela Davis, Mehul Jhaveri, Eric Prystowsky, Peter Kowey, William Weintraub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Medical Aspects of Ambulance Design
Authors: R. N. Seymour
Journal: BMJ (1973)

thromboembolism.Four of these patients had normal pulmonary "wedged" pressures (indirect left atrial pressures) and in one there was a slight increase.In the remaining six patients the pulmonary "wedged" pressure record could not be analysed because of difficulty in identifying an appropriate wave form.This could have been due to technical imperfection, but an alternative explanati might be pulmonary venous hypertension without left atrial hypertension.The occurrence of pulmonary venous con- striction following experimental pulmonary embolism was demonstrated by Daicoff et al.S This mechanism could account for pulmonary oedema in the absence of left heart failure and might also account for the difficulty in obtaining an adequate pulmonary "wedged" record.Although in man the mechanism is obscure, there is no doubt that pulmonary oedema can occur as a result of pulmonary thromboembolism.-Weare, etc.,
THE PROBLEM OF MEDICAL CARE FOR NAVAJO INDIANS
Authors: MICHEL PIJOAN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Recently, considerable comment has been made regarding the health services rendered to Navajo Indians, apparently because the Navajo tribe (numbering approximately 65,000 persons) is the largest Indian tribe in this country and the health services rendered are far from adequate. Several factors enter into this: that the geographic domain of this tribe is large, that travel is difficult, that their culture differs from ours and that the few physicians ordinarily employed have little or no conception of cultural differences or are insufficiently trained to carry out medical inquiry and care of the sick. These, and other similar or contingent criticisms, appear warranted. But statements made with reference to the scarcity of certain diseases among the Navajos are based on insufficient evidence or the lack of diagnostic procedures; such concepts are the cause for much speculation and concern and should be reconsidered in the light of modern medicine. Generally, physicians have
Relationship Between Changes in Left Ventricular Dimensions and the Ejection Fraction in Man
Authors: RICHARD P. LEWIS, HAROLD SANDLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Left ventricular length and calculated diameter were derived from angiocardiograms in 24 subjects with various heart diseases. Chamber diameter was noted to decrease an average of 27.5% from end-diastole to end-systole, and chamber length decreased 13%. Only subjects with calculations of left ventricular mass differing less than 25% from end-diastole to end-systole were accepted in order to avoid effects of spurious increases in end-systolic wall thickness on calculated diameter. Patients with localized disorders of contraction were also excluded. An extremely close linear relationship between the percentage change in diameter and the ejection fraction was demonstrated. Analysis of the radii of curvature showed that the lateral wall usually straightens during systole. However, if extreme ventricular dilatation is present, the lateral-wall curvature increases with systole. The possible implications of this alteration in contraction pattern and its effect upon the ejection fraction were discussed.
The Epidemiology of Diabetes in the Manitoba-Registered First Nation Population
Authors: Chris Green, James F. Blanchard, T. Kue Young, Jane Griffith
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—This study provides an overview of the epidemiology of diabetes in the Manitoba First Nation population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study uses data derived from the population-based Manitoba Diabetes Database to compare the demographic and geographic patterns of diabetes in the Manitoba First Nation population to the non–First Nation population. RESULTS—Although the prevalence of diabetes rose steadily in both the First Nation and the non–First Nation populations between 1989 and 1998, the epidemiological pattern of diabetes in these two populations differed significantly. The First Nation population was observed to have age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes up to 4.5 times higher than those found in the non–First Nation population. The sex ratio and the geographic patterning of diabetes incidence and prevalence in the two study populations were reversed. CONCLUSIONS—The results of the study suggest that diabetes prevalence will likely continue to rise in the Manitoba First Nation population into the foreseeable future, and that the impact of this rising diabetes prevalence can only be effectively managed through a population-based public health approach focusing on primary and secondary prevention. The dramatically higher rates of diabetes in Manitoba First Nation population as compared with the non–First Nation population highlight the urgency of this activity. These prevention efforts need to be supported by further research into the reasons for the unique epidemiological patterns of diabetes incidence and prevalence in the First Nation population observed in this study. These include investigating why First Nation populations living in the Northern areas of the province seem to be protected from developing high rates of diabetes and why First Nation women experience much higher rates of the disease.