tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Piperazine and Tetramisole in Treatment of Ascariasis
Authors: H. C. Seftel, H. J. Heinz
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Tetramisole, a new synthetic anthelmintic, was compared with piperazine in the treatment of ascariasis in African children. Of 100 children receiving tetramisole 94 were cured, and of 100 given piperazine 85 were cured (0.05&gt;P&gt;0.02). Tetramisole was free of side-effects.
The long intergenic noncoding RNA landscape of human lymphocytes highlights the regulation of T cell differentiation by linc-MAF-4
Authors: Valeria Ranzani, Grazisa Rossetti, Ilaria Panzeri, Alberto Arrigoni, Raoul J P Bonnal, Serena Curti, Paola Gruarin, Elena Provasi, Elisa Sugliano, Maurizio Marconi, Raffaele De Francesco, Jens Geginat, Beatrice Bodega, Sergio Abrignani, Massimiliano Pagani
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Modulating immunometabolism of tumor specific CD8 T cells to enhance T cell based therapy for cancer
Authors: Madhusudhanan Sukumar, Jie Liu, Gautam Mehta, Luca Gattinoni, Toren Finkel, Nicholas Restifo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The ability of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells to eradicate tumors following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlates with their capacity to proliferate and persist for long periods of time. These qualities are found predominantly in naive and less
Endotoxin–Induced Ascites Formation in the Rat: Partial Mediation by Platelet–Activating Factor
Authors: Francisco Guarner, John L. Wallace, Wallace K. Macnaughton, Geoffrey C. Ibbotson, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Systemic endotoxemia has been observed in patients with acute and chronic liver failure, and bacterial endotoxin is known to increase vascular permeability. We investigated in the normal rat the effects of intraportal endotoxin administration and the possible mediation of these effects by platelet–activating factor. Injection of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (10 and 25 mg per kg) in the rat resulted in rapid ascites formation, as well as systemic hypotension, hemoconcentration and acute erosions of the gastrointestinal mucosa. These effects were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with L652,731 and CF–3988, specific platelet–activating factor antagonists. Administration of 25 mg per kg endotoxin also resulted in significant elevations of plateletactivating factor biosynthesis in vitro by samples of duodenum, liver and lung. The effects of endotoxin were mimicked by intraportal infusion of platelet–activating factor (50 ng per kg per min), which induced ascites and gastrointestinal lesions. Platelet–activating factor reduced circulating plasma volume and increased peritoneal permeability to albumin as assessed by the ascites to plasma ratio of labeled albumin. These results, therefore, support a role for platelet–activating factor in mediating endotoxin–induced ascites and gastrointestinal erosions.
A Virus from Epidemic Vomiting Disease
Authors: S. K. R. Clarke, G. T. Cook, S. I. Egglestone, T. S. Hall, D. L. Miller, S. E. Reed, D. Rubenstein, A. J. Smith, D. A. J. Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An illness consisting of vomiting, fever, and mild diarrhoea after a short incubation period was observed in a boarding school and reproduced in volunteers who received filtered extracts of faeces from a typical case. The main discriminatory diagnostic feature of the illness in volunteers was vomiting. The faeces contained no pathogenic bacteria nor any virus that could be detected in tissue cultures and there was no evidence that an infective agent could be grown in organ cultures of human intestine. The agent was shown to be ether stable and passed a 50-nm filter. Laboratory studies on another agent of uncertain significance and obtained in other epidemics are briefly described.
P6 LIPIDOME INVESTIGATION OF DBD, DCD AND LRD LIVERS SHOWS DIFFERENCES IN LIPID MEDIATED INTRACELLULAR SIGNALLING PATHWAYS
Authors: A. Sen, M. Shkodra, M. Tena, E. Xystrakis, P. Srinivasan, H. Vilca-Melendez, N. Heaton, Y. Ma, W. Jassem, C. Legido-Quigley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Six feet over: Out-of-body experiences and their relevance to the folk psychology of souls
Authors: David Kemmerer, Rupa Gupta
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

During an out-of-body experience (OBE), one sees the world and one's own body from an extracorporeal visuospatial perspective. OBEs reflect disturbances in brain systems dedicated to multisensory integration and self-processing. However, they have traditionally been interpreted as providing evidence for a soul that can depart the body after death. This mystical view is consistent with Bering's proposal that psychological immortality is the cognitive default.
DNA Vaccines Increase Immunogenicity of Idiotypic Tumor Antigen by Targeting Novel Fusion Proteins to Antigen-Presenting Cells
Authors: Agnete B. Fredriksen, Inger Sandlie, Bjarne Bogen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Naked DNA vaccines have a number of advantages over conventional vaccines, but induce only weak immune responses. We have here investigated if this inadequacy may be overcome by inducing muscle to secrete fusion proteins with the ability to target antigen-presenting cells (APC). The novel targeted vaccines are homodimers with (i) two identical single-chain fragment variable (scFv) targeting units specific for MHC class II molecules on mouse APC, (ii) a human Ig hinge and C(H)3 dimerization unit, and (iii) two identical scFv tumor antigenic units (idiotypes) from B cell cancers. After plasmid injection and electroporation of mouse muscle, secreted vaccine proteins (vaccibodies) delivered idiotypic tumor antigen to APC in draining lymph nodes for induction of T and B cell responses that protected mice against tumor challenges with a multiple myeloma (MOPC315) and a B cell lymphoma (A20). Targeting to APC was essential for these effects. The results show that immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines can be increased by inducing muscle to secrete proteins that target antigen to APC.
Reasons or excuses for avoiding meta-analysis in forest plots
Authors: John P A Ioannidis, Nikolaos A Patsopoulos, Hannah R Rothstein
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Heterogeneous data are a common problem in meta-analysis. <b>John Ioannidis</b>, <b>Nikolaos Patsopoulos</b>, and <b>Hannah Rothstein</b> show that final synthesis is possible and desirable in most cases
Effectiveness of Right Heart Catheterization: Time for a Randomized Trial
Authors: Jeffrey L. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Editorial by Drs Dalen and Bone<sup>1</sup>regarding the use of PA catheters goes too far, especially in view of the widespread reporting by the lay press. None of the trials cited in the Editorial addressed the special problems of patients undergoing cardiac or vascular surgery. In the literature pertaining to surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms, there was an excessively high risk of perioperative renal failure (10%-20%) reported widely through the early 1970s,<sup>2,3</sup>in retrospect largely due to undertreatment of the crystalloid requirement that occurs during and immediately after these procedures. When surgeons adopted the routine use of PA catheters, we began to see rates of abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs reported with serious renal failure rates ranging around 2%, and the associated mortality dropped.<sup>4,5</sup>For the last 20 years, PA catheters have been routinely used for these procedures. Admittedly, with other improvements in surgical technique and in
Endoscopic mucosal resection for squamous premalignant and early malignant lesions of the esophagus
Authors: M. Ciocirlan, M. Lapalus, V. Hervieu, J. Souquet, B. Napoléon, J. Scoazec, C. Lefort, J. Saurin, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

BACK AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is used to treat premalignant and malignant digestive tract lesions. This report presents the efficacy and safety of EMR for squamous superficial neoplastic esophageal lesions.A retrospective cohort study presented data from 51 patients with 54 lesions over an 8-year period, between November 1997 and September 2005. Dysplasas or mucosal (m) T1 carcinomas were treated with repeated EMR until there was a complete local remission. Patients with submucosal (sm) T1 carcinomas were treated with repeated EMR until there was a complete local remission. Patients with submucosal (sm) T1 carcinomas or more advanced stage were offered surgery or chemoradiotherapy.There was no mortality, perforation, or major hemorrhage, and there were three easily dilated stenoses. Of the patients, 16 had lesions graded as T1sm or more advanced and one patient was found to have normal tissue post EMR. Complete local remission was achieved in 31 of the 34 patients with dysplasia or T1 m cancers (91%). There was no distant relapse and there was local disease recurrence in eight of the 31 patients (26%). The 5-year survival rate was 95%.EMR for squamous superficial neoplastic lesions of the esophagus is safe and provides satisfactory survival results.
Extensive venous/lymphatic malformations causing life-threatening haematological complications
Authors: J. Mazereeuw-Hautier, S. Syed, R.I. Leisner, J.I. Harper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Large venous/lymphatic slow-flow malformations (SFM) can be associated with a coagulopathy resulting in thrombosis and haemorrhage. Such potentially life-threatening complications of SFM have been reported only rarely.To better define the clinical characteristics of haematological complications associated with SFM, to highlight the importance of recognition and to discuss the management of these difficult-to-treat patients.A cohort of six children who presented with massive SFM associated with serious haematological complications was seen between January 1980 and June 2005 in the Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, U.K. (tertiary referral centre for vascular anomalies). Clinical and haematological characteristics were recorded.Patients were aged 1-20 years. All suffered with recurrent episodes of pain, localized skin necrosis and bleeding. All had intravascular coagulopathy and life-threatening complications. These included brain haemorrhage, massive bleeding from the uterus and colon, large and extensive thromboses of the deep vessels in the abdomen and pelvis and severe haemoptysis. One patient died suddenly at the age of 20 years from pulmonary thromboembolism and thrombosis within the deep vessels of the vascular malformation. The youngest patient underwent a leg amputation to remove the huge vascular malformation due to the major risk of complications and lack of limb function. Three of the patients underwent anticoagulation treatment and showed improvement in their coagulopathy.It is essential that patients with extensive SFM have their coagulation screened regularly to detect intravascular coagulopathy. This may progress to disseminated vascular coagulopathy and a serious risk of thrombosis and haemorrhage. Such patients require early anticoagulation in an attempt to prevent these secondary complications.
Serum Creatinine and Drug Half-Lives in Renal Failure
Authors: Donald Perrier
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Serum creatinine concentrations as well as creatinine clearances have been used as a basis for adjusting the dosage regimen of certain drugs in patients with impaired renal function. Although mathematical relationships have been developed by Dettli et al<sup>1</sup>relating the first-order elimination of a drug in renal failure to creatinine clearance, little has been done to relate the half-life or elimination rate of a drug to steady-state serum creatinine levels. Where serum creatinine has been employed to modify dosage regimens in patients with renal failure, it appears that the half-life of a drug was empirically assumed to be related directly to the steady-state serum creatinine concentration.<sup>2-4</sup> It can be demonstrated mathematically that creatinine clearance is inversely proportional to the steady-state serum creatinine concentration where the proportionality constant is the endogenous production rate of creatinine. The validity of this relationship can be illustrated by plotting creatinine
In vitro identification of different degrees of mitral valve disease by online evaluation of radiofrequency ultrasound signal
Authors: F. LATTANZI, E. PICANO, A. MAZZARISI, C. ARATARI, G. PELOSI, A. POZZOLINI, L. SALVATORE, L. LANDINI, A. DISTANTE, A. L'ABBATE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Sixty five mitral valves were studied in vitro with a 2.25 MHz transducer. Radiofrequency signals were analysed by a microprocessor system (implemented on an M-mode commercially available echocardiography) for online evaluation of ultrasonic backscatter (8 bits of amplitude resolution, 40 MHz sampling rate, 1 microsecond acquisition gate). The integrated value of the rectified signal amplitude was expressed as the integrated backscatter index (in db). The highest value recorded with ultrasonic scanning of each sample was taken as representative of that specimen. Calcification of mitral valves was assessed by radiography (24 mitral valves). Non-calcified mitral calves underwent pathological examination, and fibrotic valves (22 mitral valves) were differentiated from normal valves (19 mitral valves). A statistically significant (p less than 0.005) difference was recorded among the three groups for the index maximal value: calcific -7.4(3.1) db (mean(SD)), fibrotic -18.9(4.9) db, and normal -37.9(7.6) db. In conclusion, a microprocessor based system for online evaluation of radiofrequency ultrasonic signals, which may also be feasible for in vivo studies, provided a clear differentiation in vitro of calcific, fibrotic, and normal mitral valves.
Combined 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc 3PRGD2 SPECT/CT Imaging in a Case of Pituitary Metastases
Authors: Yuantao Hou, Zhaohui Zhu, Xiaona Jin, Renzhi Wang, Bing Xing
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We compare 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc 3PRGD2 SPECT/CT scans in a case of histologically proved pituitary metastases. The ratio of tumor to cerebellum (T/C) of 99mTc 3PRGD2 SPECT is much higher than that for 18F-FDG PET. We then conduct the same scans for a pituitary adenoma patient for better comparison. The T/C of 18F-FDG is not able to differentiate pituitary metastases from pituitary adenoma. However, The T/C of 99mTc 3PRGD2 observed in pituitary metastases was higher than that in pituitary adenoma.
Treatment Decisions About Cholesterol: What About Smoking?
Authors: James H. Lutschg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Irwig et al<sup>1</sup>noted, "In applying the NCEP [National Cholesterol Education Program] recommendations, it is inevitable that a proportion of those tested will be misclassified because of within-individual variability." Gwynne<sup>2</sup>editorialized on this matter in the same issue: "In this, as in most areas of medicine, we must make treatment decisions based on incomplete information." Is it, however, necessary to have to make treatment decisions based on misinformation? The NCEP reported on other risk factors for coronary artery disease in 1988.<sup>3</sup>In this report (Table 4), one risk factor was noted to be cigarette smoking (currently smoke &gt;10 cigarettes per day). It was gratifying to see that by 1990, the expert panel of the NCEP appreciated that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for coronary artery disease.<sup>4</sup>The mechanism by which they corrected their understanding of cigarette
Medical Ethics in Review
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I feel compelled to reply to the recent<i>JAMA</i>review of my book,<i>Medical Ethics: Evolution, Rights and the Physician</i>, by Dr DeGrazia.<sup>1</sup> Much of my intent was to challenge the medical ethics establishment on two grounds. First, they continue to eschew an empirical approach to the subject; and second, they continue to ignore the fact that down in the trenches, most physicians are pretty good seat-of-thepants ethicists. DeGrazia takes, as an example of "conceptual and logical conclusions," "thinking medical expertise makes one an expert in ethics." What I actually wrote was in criticism of the ethicists' attitude: "Presumably, expertise in a field had no bearing in the rationing of its product; and apparently physicians' ethics cannot be relied upon for rationing." DeGrazia's review never really came to terms with my thesis, which is that ethics can be seen as an ex post facto judgment of
The Effect of Indian or Anglo Dietary Preference on the Incidence of Diabetes in Pima Indians
Authors: Desmond E. Williams, William C. Knowler, Cynthia J. Smith, Robert L. Hanson, Janine Roumain, Aramesh Saremi, Andrea M. Kriska, Peter H. Bennett, Robert G. Nelson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—In short-term studies, adoption of a traditional diet is associated with reduction in metabolic abnormalities often found in populations experiencing rapid lifestyle changes. We examined the long-term effects of a self-assessed traditional or nontraditional dietary pattern on the development of type 2 diabetes in 165 nondiabetic Pima Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Dietary intake was assessed in 1988 by a quantitative food frequency method, and subjects were asked to classify their diet as “Indian,” “Anglo,” or “mixed.” The Indian diet reflects a preference for Sonoran-style and traditional desert foods. The Anglo diet reflects a preference for non-Sonoran–style foods typical of the remaining regions of the U.S. RESULTS—In women, the intake of complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, insoluble fiber, vegetable proteins, and the proportion of total calories from complex carbohydrate and vegetable proteins were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the Indian than in the Anglo diet. The mixed diet was intermediate in of all these constituents. In men, the intake for these nutrients was also higher in the Indian than in the Anglo group, but not significantly. Diabetes developed in 36 subjects (8 men and 28 women) during 6.2 years of follow-up (range 0.9–10.9). The crude incidence rates of diabetes were 23, 35, and 63 cases per 1,000 person-years in the Indian, mixed, and Anglo groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and total energy intake in a proportional hazards model, the risk of developing diabetes in the Anglo-diet group was 2.5 times as high (95% CI 0.9–7.2) and the rate in the mixed-diet group was 1.3 times as high (0.6–3.3) as in the Indian-diet group. CONCLUSIONS—This study suggests that the adoption of an Anglo diet may increase the risk of developing diabetes in Pima Indians, but it does not provide unequivocal evidence for or against this hypothesis.
THE LOCALIZATION OF THE MOTOR AREA BASED ON EXACT FARADIZATION.
Authors: ALFRED GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Faradization of the cortex is a scientific procedure unaccompanied by the slightest danger to the individual operated on. Valuable data concerning cerebral localizations have been obtained by various observers from faradization. The former results obtained by Hitzig, Ferrier, Horsley, Beevor and others can not at present be considered as absolutely accurate in view of the bipolar method which, as it was pointed out by Grünbaum and Sherrington, led to errors in localizations: diffusion of the electrical current caused a simultaneous stimulation of centers other than those experimented on. With the advent of the unipolar method advised by Grünbaum and Sherrington this difficulty is obviated and we are now able to obtain more accurate cerebral localizations. The question of the exact delimitation of the motor area is, for obvious reasons, one of unusual interest and importance. Pathologic material is not wanting for the demonstration of the approximate existence of the motor
Extinctions in ancient and modern seas
Authors: Paul G. Harnik, Heike K. Lotze, Sean C. Anderson, Zoe V. Finkel, Seth Finnegan, David R. Lindberg, Lee Hsiang Liow, Rowan Lockwood, Craig R. McClain, Jenny L. McGuire, Aaron O’Dea, John M. Pandolfi, Carl Simpson, Derek P. Tittensor
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2012)
Complications of Rubella Vaccination
Authors: James E. Speier
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In reference to MEDICAL NEWS article Fears about Rubella Vaccine Fade ( 213 :23, 1970). I would like to raise a question. On March 11 and 12, 1970, approximately 3,500 doses of rubella vaccine were administered in Navarro County, Texas. Four weeks after that program seven patients came to our attention because of nocturnal pain in the hand and forearm, paresthesias, and weakness. Four of these patients were examined and showed no objective evidence of arthritis in spite of pain intense enough to interfere with sleep. All complained of an itching and tingling sensation in the hand. All recovered spontaneously in two to five days. This could not be related to a single vaccine type or to the arm of injection. (One child had bilateral foot paresthesias.) These arm findings and complaints were most suggestive of a brachial neuritis and not suggestive of an arthritis or arthralgia. This
Zoonotic potential of emerging animal diseases
Authors: Samson S Y Wong, K Y Yuen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (acronymized as 5-MeO-DMT) is <i>sui generis</i> among the numerous naturally-occurring psychoactive substances due to its unparalleled ego-dissolving effects which can culminate in a state of nondual consciousness (which is phenomenologically similar to transformative peak experiences described in various ancient contemplative traditions, e.g., Advaita Vedānta, Mahāyāna Buddhism). The enigmatic molecule is endogenous to the human brain and has profound psychological effects which are hitherto only very poorly understood due to the absence of scientifically controlled human experimental trials. Its exact neuronal receptor binding profile is a matter of ongoing scientific research, however, its remarkable psychoactivity is presumably mediated via agonism of the 5-HT2A (serotonin) receptor subtype. Anthropological/ethnopharmacological evidence indicates that various cultures utilized 5-MeO-DMT containing plants for medicinal, psychological, and spiritual purposes for millennia. In this paper we argue that this naturally occurring serotonergic compound could be fruitfully utilized as a neurochemical research tool which has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the cognitive and neuronal processes which underpin cognition and creativity (downregulation of the default-mode network, increased neuronal functional connectivity, etc.). An eclectic interdisciplinary perspective is adopted, and we present converging evidence from a plurality of sources in support of this conjecture. Specifically, we suggest that 5-MeO-DMT has great potential in this respect due to its incommensurable capacity to completely disintegrate self-referential cognitive/neuronal processes (viz., "ego death"). The importance of unbiased systematic scientific research on naturally occurring endogenous psychoactive compounds is discussed from a Jamesian radical empiricism perspective and potential scenarios of abuse are discussed (particularly in the context of military torture).
TCT-570 Intravascular Ultrasound Predictor of Late Lumen Gain of the Distal Reference Segments after Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yoji Neishi, Hiroyuki Okura, Kenzo Fukuhara, Terumasa Koyama, Ryotaro Yamada, Teruyoshi Kume, Akihiro Hayashida, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)