tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening tests for bacteriuria. A validity study
Authors: T. G. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An evaluation of numerous reported studies indicated that the most useful screening tests for significant bacteriuria appear to be a nitrite test (modified by adding nitrate and incubating at 37 C), the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and microscopic examination for bacteria. A study of 1,151 urine specimens submitted for routine culture showed that microscopic examination of the centrifuged deposit for organisms or pus cells, or both, was a more sensitive test for significant bacteriuria than the modified nitrite test. Microscopic examination detected 98% of 175 urine specimens with significant gram negative bacilluria, and 17 of 20 with significant numbers of gram positive cocci. The false positive rate was 13%. Microscopy may be better than the chemical screening tests in the selection of urine specimens for cultural examination.
A protocol for recording the sign of flexural dermatitis in children
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, H. FORSDYKE, G. BOODOO, R.J. HAY, P.G.J. BURNEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article A protocol for recording the sign of flexural dermatitis in children Get access H.C. WILLIAMS, H.C. WILLIAMS St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Dr Hywel Williams. Department of Dermatology. Queen's Medical Centre. University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. FORSDYKE, H. FORSDYKE St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. BOODOO, G. BOODOO St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. HAY, R.J. HAY St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.G.J. BURNEY P.G.J. BURNEY Department of Public Health Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 6, 1 December 1995, Pages 941–949, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06930.x Published: 01 December 1995 Article history Accepted: 20 February 1995 Published: 01 December 1995
Respiration and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: J. G. Widdicombe
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acnce of a factor in the marrow which might facilitate the action of erythropoietin.Dr. George Hudson contributes the chapter on eosinophil granulocyte reactions and brings quantitative methods to the study of the reactions of a cell in the voluminous literature about which few quantitative studies are to be found.The principal sphere of interest and use- fulness of this book must be to all those who are beginning to undertake researches in the field of experimental haematology.The author not only reports his own and other researches but writes in such a way that the reader is led rather than directed during the course of a first reading towards several profitable lines of research into cellular reactions.
Infectious Diseases (Bacterial)
Authors: E M Yow, R D Leachman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1958)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Celebrating 60 years of Thorax
Authors: J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The year 2006 is the 60th birthday and the Diamond Jubilee of Thorax , and I am delighted to welcome all our readers to this special edition of the journal to celebrate our successful 60 years.

About 6 months ago I raised the issue of this jubilee at one of our regular Thursday Editorial Committee meetings, and we decided that an insight into the way Thorax has developed and changed over the past 60 years would be interesting to our readers. I therefore decided to contact all the past medical editors of Thorax , with the exception of Guy Scadding (Editor 1946–1960) who had passed away, and I asked them for a contribution—either memories of their period of editorship or mention of landmark published papers that have considerably advanced our specialty. Within 24 hours of the letters being sent to the editors, I was surprised and delighted that John Robertson (Editor 1960–1971) called me on my mobile cell phone to discuss the celebrations. I never had the privilege of meeting John as I entered respiratory medicine after he retired, but I was struck with his sincere enthusiasm for Thorax , his vision and concern for our future, and wise counsel. He then sent in his contribution for this issue very quickly and was planning to attend the reunion of Thorax Editors arranged with the annual Associate Editors’ meeting and planned for 3 November 2006. Sadly and unexpectedly, John Robertson died a few weeks later, and thus we are also publishing in this special issue an appreciation of his life written by Anthony Seaton (Editor 1977–1982). Contributions from all the other editors follow this introduction, and I know you will all enjoy reading this unique collection of articles which provide an interesting perspective on the history of our journal.

Thorax was …
The Kidney in Hypertension — Villain and Victim
Authors: Saulo Klahr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The kidney has a dual role in hypertension. It may cause it, and it may suffer the untoward effects of an elevation in blood pressure. Primary or essential hypertension has been attributed in part to alterations in renal sodium excretion. Secondary hypertension is most commonly attributable to renal disease. Systemic hypertension, whether primary or secondary, may cause renal disease or may accelerate the loss of function in kidneys with established parenchymal disease. Several morphologic changes, collectively termed nephrosclerosis, have been described in the kidneys of patients with primary or essential hypertension.1 The way in which hypertension damages the kidney is . . .
Some Addenda on the Role of Today's Autopsy
Authors: Arthur A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the necropsy, we have gained competency in the gross art and supported it by a two-dimensional antiquated visual tool, the microscope. Our cloak of decency has been woven of empirical and qualitative stains and we have gloried in reliving Virchow's experiences. But, today, in a scientific community this is not enough! We can only begin to recapture our true role in the medical community if we recognize and utilize some of our advantages. First, in surgical pathology we have relatively unlimited access to fresh normal and diseased human material. Second, in each of our hospitals we have a large self-supporting primate colony. Each of these patients can be studied before and after the removal of tissues and fluids with the most sophisticated means in the institution. The tissues are fresh, and can be used for physiologic or pharmacologic studies at the organ or cellular level and
Cross sectional database analysis of antidepressant prescribing in general practice in the United Kingdom, 1993-5
Authors: J. Donoghue, A. Tylee, H. Wildgust
Journal: BMJ (1996)

retention of urine, possibly because of the anticholinergic effect of tricyclic drugs.These results are reassuring in that tricyclic antidepressants seem to be safe in the doses used in clinical practice.Although antidepressants are given for indications other than depression, the results are worry- ing because tricyclic antidepressants were mostly prescribed in low doses and both types of antidepressant were given only short term.These two factors mean that the treatment of major depression is less likely to be effective.Further research should determine why antidepressant drugs are prescribed in this way.
Social Networks in Health Care
Authors: Valerie A. Lewis, Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polymeric nanoparticle system to target activated microglia/macrophages in spinal cord injury
Authors: Simonetta Papa, Raffaele Ferrari, Massimiliano De Paola, Filippo Rossi, Alessandro Mariani, Ilaria Caron, Eliana Sammali, Marco Peviani, Valentina Dell'Oro, Claudio Colombo, Massimo Morbidelli, Gianluigi Forloni, Giuseppe Perale, Davide Moscatelli, Pietro Veglianese
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Diagnostic Signs in Compressive Cardiac Disorders
Authors: RAMON L. LANGE, JAMES T. BOTTICELLI, THEOFILOS J. TSAGARIS, JOHN A. WALKER, MUKHTAR GANI, RODRIGO A. BUSTAMANTE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Thirty patients with primary cardiac compression due to constrictive pericarditis, lax effusion, or cardiac tamponade and an additional seven patients with spurious evidence of cardiac compression or with pericardial effusion playing an unimportant role in the circulatory disorder were studied. Rather stringently defined physical findings were sought which might allow discrimination between cardiac disorders. The following conclusions are drawn from the results. 1. Constrictive pericarditis is associated with venous and auscultatory phenomena which do not allow separation from other forms of heart disease causing congestive heart failure. Kussmaul's sign is present in less than 40%; pulsus paradoxus as classically defined is rare. 2. In lax pericardial effusion, Kussmaul's sign and Friedreich's sign, along with third heart sounds, are not present. Pulsus paradoxus is inconstant with tranquil breathing but is regularly induced by deep inspiration. There is inspiratory decrease in venous pressure and pericardial pressure. Cardiac index is normal and venous pressure is less than 12 mm Hg. Circulatory distress is not apparent. 3. Tamponade induces signs of circulatory distress and is regularly characterized by pulsus paradoxus but Friedreich's sign, a third heart sound, as well as Kussmaul's venous sign, are absent. The venous pressure exceeds 12 mm Hg. There is an inspiratory decrease in venous pressure and pericardial pressure. The low cardiac index is usually relieved by tap. When aortic stenosis is present, respiratory variation in left ventricular systolic pressure may not be reflected by clinical pulsus paradoxus. 4. Spurious signs of cardiac compression may be due to (1) respiratory disease, (2) severe myocardial disease and incidental effusion, or (3) obesity. In the respiratory disease pulsus paradoxus, normal cardiac index, low venous pressure, and venous and pericardial-pressure decrease with inspiration are present. The second group does not show pulsus paradoxus and the elevated venous pressure, diastolic dip, and third heart sounds are due to heart failure. Obesity may cause pulsus paradoxus and increased peripheral venous pressure, which does not reflect central venous pressure. These findings seem related to inspiratory collapse of extrathoracic vessels.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and the CYP1A1 restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Authors: P G Shields, H Sugimura, N E Caporaso, S F Petruzzelli, E D Bowman, B F Trump, A Weston, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Human cancer risk assessment at a genetic level involves the investigation of carcinogen metabolism and DNA adduct formation. Wide interindividual differences in metabolism result in different DNA adduct levels. For this and other reasons, many laboratories have considered DNA adducts to be a measure of the biologically effective dose of a carcinogen. Techniques for studying DNA adducts using chemically specific assays are becoming available. A modification of the 32P-postlabeling assay for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts described here provides potential improvements in quantification. DNA adducts, however, reflect only recent exposure to carcinogens; in contrast, genetic testing for metabolic capacity indicates the extent to which carcinogens can be activated and exert genotoxic effects. Such studies may reflect both separate and integrated risk factors together with DNA adduct levels. A recently described restriction fragment length polymorphism for the CYP1A1, which codes for the cytochrome P450 enzyme primarily responsible for the metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has been found to be associated with lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. In a subset of individuals enrolled in a U.S. lung cancer case-control study, no association with lung cancer was found.
Phase 1b study of motesanib diphosphate (AMG 706) in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel for the treatment of locally recurrent, unresectable or metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: PA Kaufman, R de Boer, S White, P Mainwaring, B Koczwara, S Drury, Y Ye, Y Sun, R Sikorski, D Kotasek
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4117 Background: Motesanib is a novel oral angiogenesis inhibitor designed to selectively target the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF 1, 2 and 3; PDGF and Kit receptors. Here we report safety, preliminary efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) from an ongoing phase 1b dose-finding study of motesanib plus either paclitaxel (P) or docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) with advanced breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Eligible pts with ECOG 0 or 1 and ≤1 prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer received (until toxicity or disease progression) escalating doses of motesanib (50 or 125mg) QD orally continuously from day 3 of cycle 1 plus either P (Arm A) at 90mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of each 28-day cycle; or D (Arm B) at either 100mg/m2 on day 1 of every 21-day cycle or at 75mg/m2 with motesanib maximum tolerated dose (125mg QD). Objective response (OR) per RECIST was assessed every 8 (Arm A) or 6 wks (Arm B).&amp;#x2028; Results: To date, 33 pts have received ≥1 dose of motesanib: Arm A, n=10; Arm B, n=23. Median age is 51 (range, 28-66) years. There were 5 DLTs (all grade 3) in 4 pts: abnormal liver function tests and deep vein thrombosis (Arm A, 125mg QD), fatigue (Arm A, 125mg QD), gallbladder enlargement (Arm B, 125mg QD+75mg/m2 D) and migraine (Arm B, 125mg QD). 28 pts (85%) had motesanib-related AEs; the most common were (worst grade): diarrhea, Arm A/B 60%/61% (grade 3, 0%/13%); fatigue, 30%/26% (grade 3, 10%/4%); hypertension, 20%/22% (grade 3, 10%/4%); and nausea, 10%/26% (no grade 3). Treatment-related AEs of interest in Arm A/B included epistaxis (10%/18%; all worst grade 1) and deep vein thrombosis (10%/0%; all worst grade 3). There were no grade 4 or 5 related AEs. Two deaths on study occurred (Arm B; 50 and 125mg QD n=1 each); both were not considered to be motesanib related. Motesanib PK parameters were generally within the range previously described for single-agent motesanib. PK profiles of P and D showed high interpatient variability, with AUC higher in some pts after motesanib coadministration. In pts with measurable disease at baseline (Arms A&amp;B, n=7&amp;18), best OR at time of last data cut-off was: confirmed PR in Arm A n=2 (29%), in Arm B n=5 (28%); SD in Arm A n=2 (29%), in Arm B n=9 (50%); durable SD ≥24 wks in Arm A n=0, in Arm B n=3 (17%). Median (range) duration of response currently is 169 (58-169) days in Arm A and 198 (96-337+) days in Arm B.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Motesanib combined with P or D appears to be tolerable with evidence of antitumor activity in pts with advanced breast cancer. No marked effect on motesanib PK has been noted with coadministration of either P or D. Updated safety and efficacy data, including PFS, will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4117.
Computer Tomography Misses Intracranial Teratoma
Authors: ROBERT M. BROOKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Computer Tomography Misses Intracranial TeratomaROBERT M. BROOKS, M.D., J. BLAKE TYRRELL, M.D., THOMAS H. NEWTON, M.D., PETER H. FORSHAM, M.D.ROBERT M. BROOKS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. BLAKE TYRRELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS H. NEWTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PETER H. FORSHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-825_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent report on the diagnosis of intracranial atypical teratoma by use of computed tomography, Spiegel and associates (Ann Intern Med 85:290-293, 1976) suggest that "the great diagnostic usefulness" of this technique can permit irradiation without confirmation by biopsy. We report a case of intracranial atypical teratoma in which the computed tomography scan was negative.A 16-year-old girl presented with weight loss and excessive thirst. Amenorrhea had begun 16 months previously. Severe headaches and chronic vomiting led to hospitalization for suspected anorexia nervosa.Physical examination findings were normal except for minimal galactorrhea. Sedimentation rate was 42... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT M. BROOKS, M.D.; J. BLAKE TYRRELL, M.D.; THOMAS H. NEWTON, M.D.; PETER H. FORSHAM, M.D.Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Radiology University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntracranial embryonal carcinoma and precocious pubertyA nonmalignant teratoma secreting hCG: Expanding the spectrum of ectopic hormone productionChiasmal syndrome and Parinaud syndrome in a patient with a primary suprasellar germinoma 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 825-825KeywordsAnorexia nervosaBiopsyComputed axial tomographyComputersHospitalizationsTomographyVomitingWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Human and animal health: strengthening the link: Summary of webchat
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Methodological concerns about animal facilitated therapy with dolphinsEditor-We have the following concerns with Antonioli and Reveley's study of animal facilitated depression with dolphins in the treatment of depression. 1 The study was small (30 patients), only 13 people from the animal care programme and 12 from the outdoor nature programme completing the study.The authors used a conservative measure to estimate the number of patients required for this study, and even then fell short by 17%.Single women predominated in both arms.It is difficult to fathom how clinical raters can be blinded to the treatment hypothesis.The authors did not mention the ethnic group of the participants.Only people who could go to Honduras were able to take part in this study.Most people with mild depression will not be able to take a three week holiday.The findings are not generalisable as most people would not be able to afford to go to such a location and swimming and snorkeling are not necessarily favourite pastimes.There may be a vacation bias.If the study group sponsored the three week trip to Honduras we suspect that a free three week trip to a seaside location in Latin America would in itself be a powerful antidepressant.There may be a disappointment bias.If the control group were aware of the potential to be in a group where they could interact with dolphins for two weeks before they reached Honduras, they could be disappointed in missing out.People with depression perceive disappointment more intensely.The study could have been done in a more natural and plausible setting with common pets such as dogs or cats for a fraction of the cost.
Evaluation of Right-Heart Catheterization in the Critically Ill Patient without Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alfred F. Connors, D. Robert McCaffree, Barry A. Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

FLOW-directed right-heart catheterization is used extensively to monitor the hemodynamic status of critically ill patients. After acute myocardial infarction, measurements of the cardiac index and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are useful in several ways: they allow accurate assessment of short-term and long-term prognosis,1 help in directing immediate and subsequent therapy,2 3 4 and correlate well with the clinical assessment of the hemodynamic status.5 Although there is no evidence that right-heart catheterization reduces the mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction,6 the information it yields is sufficiently useful in assessing prognosis and directing therapy that the risks associated with catheterization7 , 8 are thought to . . .
DISEASE OF THE PANCREAS.
Authors: FRANKLIN E. WALLACE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The infrequency with which post-mortem examinations are made probably accounts for the apparent rarity of diseases of the pancreas. This organ belongs to the important system of secreting glands, and I feel that their relationship to the human economy is but imperfectly known. We know that there is a bond of some extent between these glands, through the sympathetic nervous system and the lymphatics, but is there not some bond existing which has control over the power whereby one gland assumes a function laid down by another? Does such a power exist in the human organism, or is the function, once destroyed, lost forever? Does the organism adjust itself to the loss of an organ through other organs, or does it live without this function being restored? There seems to be a close relationship between the pancreas and the central nervous system also, for microscopic examinations of the tissues of