tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advanced Glycation End Products Activate Endothelium Through Signal-Transduction Receptor RAGE
Authors: Giuseppina Basta, Guido Lazzerini, Marika Massaro, Tommaso Simoncini, Piero Tanganelli, Caifeng Fu, Thomas Kislinger, David M. Stern, Ann Marie Schmidt, Raffaele De Caterina
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), form under diverse circumstances such as aging, diabetes, and kidney failure. Recent studies suggested that AGEs may form in inflamed foci, driven by oxidation or the myeloperoxidase pathway. A principal means by which AGEs alter cellular properties is through interaction with their signal-transduction receptor RAGE. We tested the hypothesis that interaction of AGEs with RAGE on endothelial cells enhances vascular activation. Methods and Results — AGEs, RAGE, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin are expressed in an overlapping manner in human inflamed rheumatoid synovia, especially within the endothelium. In primary cultures of human saphenous vein endothelial cells, engagement of RAGE by heterogeneous AGEs or N ε(carboxymethyl)lysine–modified adducts enhanced levels of mRNA and antigen for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin. AGEs increased adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to stimulated endothelial cells in a manner reduced on blockade of RAGE. Conclusions — AGEs, through RAGE, may prime proinflammatory mechanisms in endothelial cells, thereby amplifying proinflammatory mechanisms in atherogenesis and chronic inflammatory disorders.
Edward Jenner's Inquiry after 200 years
Authors: D. Baxby
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Voiding-If there are difficulties with voiding, use clean intermittent catheterisation.Postoperative use-Semi-rigid prostheses may be used after four weeks.Patients can be taught how to pump up an inflatable prosthesis after four to six weeks. Postoperative problemsInfection occurs in 1-10% of cases, depending on the difficulty of the procedure.Repeat operations are more prone to infection.It is usually necessary to remove the infected part or complete prosthesis, and, although difficult, it is possible to replace it six months later.Erosion is usually due to infection or to an unsuspected breach of the urethra at surgery.Glans ischaemia occurs with vascular compression or damage.Supersonic transport (SST) deformity (also known as Concorde deformity) with glans droop may be unsightly but may not matter if there is an additional glandular erection.Mechanical problems are now uncommon.If they occur the part should be replaced.
Managing women with epilepsy
Authors: S. Wiebe
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In the mid-1800s Sir Charles Locock first used the earliest antiepileptic drug of modern times, potassium bromide, to treat a group of women with catamenial epilepsy. Such gender selection unintentionally pointed to the future recognition that gender matters in epilepsy. We now know about important interactions between epilepsy and its treatment and women's sexuality, conception, pregnancy, motherhood, and menopause; we also know that the offspring's health and heredity may be affected. Literature for clinicians on women with epilepsy has grown steeply in recent years. The Medline database alone contains over 40 review articles published in English in the past 25 years, almost half of which were published within the past five years. Has this expansive literature resulted in better care for women with epilepsy?

The evidence suggests that information has been slow to influence clinical practice. European and American surveys consistently show that clinicians either lack familiarity with or fail to advise epileptic women on issues as common as contraception, drug interaction, and teratogenicity.1–3 Clinical practice guidelines are an attempt to bridge the gap between evidence and …
Risk Factors for Superficial vs Deep/Organ-Space Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Elise H. Lawson, Bruce Lee Hall, Clifford Y. Ko
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the focus of numerous quality improvement initiatives because they are a common and costly cause of potentially preventable patient morbidity. Superficial and deep/organ-space SSIs differ in terms of anatomical location and clinical severity.To identify risk factors that are uniquely predictive of superficial vs deep/organ-space SSIs occurring after colectomy procedures.Retrospective cohort study.American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.Patients undergoing colectomy procedures in 2011 were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes.Colectomy procedures.We compared rates of superficial SSI and deep/organ-space SSI associated with perioperative variables of interest: demographics; preoperative clinical severity, risk factors, and comorbidities and variables related to the hospitalization or procedure. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify risk-adjusted predictors of each SSI type.Among 27 011 patients identified from 305 hospitals, 6.2% developed a superficial SSI and 4.7% developed a deep/organ-space SSI. Risk factors common to the occurrence of both SSI types were identified: open surgery (vs laparoscopic) and current smoker. Risk factors with differential effects on each SSI type included specific postoperative diagnoses, disseminated cancer, and irradiation therapy, which were all associated with increased odds of deep/organ-space SSI only. The graded relationship between increasing body mass index and SSI occurrence appeared to be stronger for superficial SSI.Risk factors for superficial SSI and deep/organ-space SSI vary in terms of magnitude and significance, suggesting that these SSI types are somewhat different disease processes. Groups interested in preventing SSIs might improve success by considering these SSI types independently for root-cause analyses and development of best practices and interventions.
Assay of a placental protein to determine fetal risk.
Authors: G Hughes, P Bischof, G Wilson, A Klopper
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Plasma concentrations and total amounts of pregnancy associated plasma protein A were determined in 272 patients at 34 weeks9 gestation by immunoelectrophoretic assay. The mean plasma concentration and mean total amount of this protein were closely related (r = 0.9643) and were significantly raised in patients who subsequently developed pre-eclampsia (28 patients), went into premature labour (12), or suffered from antepartum haemorrhage (10). Mean values in all patients delivering growth-retarded babies were also raised, but when the results for such patients who also had other complications were excluded there were no differences between the sets of means. The assays were easily performed, and they may be a useful technique for screening pregnant women to detect those at risk of developing pre-eclamptic toxaemia, although the full potential of these assays cannot be realised until the protein9s function is known.
On the Cause of Death after Using Perchloride Uterine Injections for Post Partum Haemorrhage
Authors: E. J. Tilt
Journal: BMJ (1875)

I must insist that this part of the operation should be done by the sur- geon himself, and that an enema-syringe is calculated to pump the fluid into the uterus with unnecessary and even dangerous force.From this risk the Higginson's syringe is comparatively free.The propelling force, even when the ball is firmly compressed, is small.Further, if the finger guiding the injection-tube be kept in the os uteri, information is given as to the effect produced in checking the bleeding, and the closure of the os upon the tube is obviated.As I have ex- plained in my work on the Diseases of Women, when the os uteri is closed, the uterus, contracting concentrically upon fluid contents, tends
The Rights of the Mentally Retarded and Mandatory Screening for the AIDS Virus-Reply
Authors: Ronald Bayer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ABSTRACT In Reply.— Mr Tashjian has misinterpreted our concern for  health of mentally retarded people as an affront to their dignity. We are keenly aware of  rights of mentally retarded citizens; one of us (S.M.W.) has participated in litigation on their behalf.We did not advocate  screening of mentally retarded people living in institutional settings; we suggested only that because of their reduced competence and diminished autonomy, screening might be ethically acceptable to protect them. Any specific screening program would have to fulfill all of our ethical prerequisites, which fully recognize  principle of respect for persons. We clearly stated that even if such a proposal were to pass ethical scrutiny, the need to provide extra supervision for those who are seropositive does not warrant isolation, stigmatization, or  deprivation of services.In advocating  rights of mentally retarded people, Mr Tashjian appears to deny their sexuality. Like
CRK proteins selectively regulate T cell migration into inflamed tissues
Authors: Yanping Huang, Fiona Clarke, Mobin Karimi, Nathan H. Roy, Edward K. Williamson, Mariko Okumura, Kazuhiro Mochizuki, Emily J.H. Chen, Tae-Ju Park, Gudrun F. Debes, Yi Zhang, Tom Curran, Taku Kambayashi, Janis K. Burkhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Effector T cell migration into inflamed sites greatly exacerbates tissue destruction and disease severity in inflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). T cell migration into such sites depends heavily on regulated adhesion and migration, but the signaling pathways that coordinate these functions downstream of chemokine receptors are largely unknown. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that T cells lacking the adaptor proteins CRK and CRK-like (CRKL) exhibit reduced integrin-dependent adhesion, chemotaxis, and diapedesis. Moreover, these two closely related proteins exhibited substantial functional redundancy, as ectopic expression of either protein rescued defects in T cells lacking both CRK and CRKL. We determined that CRK proteins coordinate with the RAP guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G and the adhesion docking molecule CASL to activate the integrin regulatory GTPase RAP1. CRK proteins were required for effector T cell trafficking into sites of inflammation, but not for migration to lymphoid organs. In a murine bone marrow transplantation model, the differential migration of CRK/CRKL-deficient T cells resulted in efficient graft-versus-leukemia responses with minimal GVHD. Together, the results from our studies show that CRK family proteins selectively regulate T cell adhesion and migration at effector sites and suggest that these proteins have potential as therapeutic targets for preventing GVHD.
Acquisition of the contractile phenotype by murine arterial smooth muscle cells depends on the Mir143/145 gene cluster
Authors: Thomas Boettger, Nadine Beetz, Sawa Kostin, Johanna Schneider, Marcus Krüger, Lutz Hein, Thomas Braun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

VSMCs respond to changes in the local environment by adjusting their phenotype from contractile to synthetic, a phenomenon known as phenotypic modulation or switching. Failure of VSMCs to acquire and maintain the contractile phenotype plays a key role in a number of major human diseases, including arteriosclerosis. Although several regulatory circuits that control differentiation of SMCs have been identified, the decisive mechanisms that govern phenotypic modulation remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the mouse miR-143/145 cluster, expression of which is confined to SMCs during development, is required for VSMC acquisition of the contractile phenotype. VSMCs from miR-143/145-deficient mice were locked in the synthetic state, which incapacitated their contractile abilities and favored neointimal lesion development. Unbiased high-throughput, quantitative, mass spectrometry-based proteomics using reference mice labeled with stable isotopes allowed identification of miR-143/145 targets; these included angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which might affect both the synthetic phenotype and contractile functions of VSMCs. Pharmacological inhibition of either ACE or the AT1 receptor partially reversed vascular dysfunction and normalized gene expression in miR-143/145-deficient mice. We conclude that manipulation of miR-143/145 expression may offer a new approach for influencing vascular repair and attenuating arteriosclerotic pathogenesis.
High cut‐off hemodialysis and bortezomib‐based therapy to rescue kidneys in myeloma‐dependent cast nephropathy
Authors: Marjatta Sinisalo, Raija Silvennoinen, Ole Wirta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Myeloma-dependent cast nephropathy (MCN) is a medical emergency where prompt medical intervention is essential to rescue the kidneys from irreversible damage and the patient from lifelong dialysis. Evidence of the benefit of plasma exchange in removing serum free light chains (sFLC) has been controversial [1,2]. According to our recent experience, high cut-off hemodialysis (HCOD) with specially designed dialyzers reduces the level of sFLC concentration within hours and improves renal function in MCN in the long term when combined with effective bortezomib-based chemotherapy.
Prognostic Relevance of Tumour Size in T3a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicentre Experience
Authors: John S. Lam, Tobias Klatte, Jean-Jacques Patard, Rakhee H. Goel, François Guillè, Bernard Lobel, Clement-Claude Abbou, Alexandre De La Taille, Jacques Tostain, Luca Cindolo, Vincenzo Altieri, Vincenzo Ficarra, Walter Artibani, Tommaso Prayer-Galetti, Luigi Schips, Richard Zigeuner, Allan J. Pantuck, Robert A. Figlin, Arie S. Belldegrun
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Rotational ablation with adjunctive low-pressure balloon dilatation in diffuse in-stent restenosis: immediate and follow-up results
Authors: H.J. Büttner, C. Müller, J.McB. Hodgson, A.W. Frey, N. Jander, H.P. Bestehorn, J. Petersen, H. Roskamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Tenascin expression in hyperproliferative skin diseases
Authors: J. SCHALKWIJK, IVONNE VLIJMEN, BRIGIT OOSTERLING, C. PERRET, R. KOOPMAN, J. BORN, ELEANOR J. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The expression of tenascin, a recently discovered extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was studied by immunohistochemistry in normal human skin and in a number of skin diseases with epidermal hyperproliferation such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease and solar keratosis. Tenascin expression in the upper dermis of normal skin was found to vary from almost absent to patchy along the basal membrane. Staining was continuous and intense around blood vessels, hair follicles and eccrine sweat ducts. In basal cell carcinoma a marked expression of tenascin was found in the tumour stroma, especially adjacent to the basal membrane surrounding the tumour cell nests. In Bowen's disease and solar keratosis, tenascin expression was found in the dermis next to the keratinocytes. In psoriasis the dermal papillae of clinically involved skin were intensely stained and a continuous band of tenascin was present in the upper dermis along the basal membrane. The distribution of tenascin differed from other known extracellular matrix components.
Body mass index, weight gain, and other determinants of lung function decline in adult asthma
Authors: Alessandro Marcon, Angelo Corsico, Lucia Cazzoletti, Massimiliano Bugiani, Simone Accordini, Enrique Almar, Isa Cerveri, David Gislason, Amund Gulsvik, Christer Janson, Deborah Jarvis, Jesús Martínez-Moratalla, Isabelle Pin, Roberto de Marco
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Physical activity and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Hong Kong.
Authors: E. Lau, S. Donnan, D. J. Barker, C. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1988)

In Hong Kong physical activity and calcium intake of 400 Chinese men and women with hip fractures were compared with those of 800 controls. Daily walking outdoors, upstairs, uphill, or with a load protected against fracture. This was independent of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Higher levels of reported activity in middle life were also protective. Average calcium intake was around one quarter that in Britain because of the low consumption of dairy products. Differences in calcium intake depended mainly on consumption of green vegetables and small fish. High intake protected against hip fracture. These findings point to the importance of maintaining daily physical activity and calcium intake in urbanised Chinese populations.
IMPACT OF LEFT–VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION ON OUTCOME AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Fadi Al–Rashid, Thomas Konorza, Björn Plicht, Polykarpos–Christos Patsalis, Heike Hildebrandt, Daniel Wendt, Matthias Thielmann, Heinz Jakob, Raimund Erbel, Philipp Kahlert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pulmonary and Left Ventricular Decompression by Artificial Pulmonary Valve Incompetence During Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Bypass Support in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Karl H. Scholz, Hans R. Figulla, Thomas Schröder, Jens P. Hering, Herbert Bock, Marcus Ferrari, Heinrich Kreuzer, Gerhard Hellige
Journal: Circulation (1995)

In cardiac arrest, use of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support (PCPS) may lead to left ventricular loading, with deleterious effects on the myocardium, and is often accompanied by an increase in pulmonary artery pressure. The present study was designed to assess the potential of artificially induced pulmonary valve incompetency to retrogradely decompress the left ventricle during PCPS in ventricular fibrillation.Studies were performed using a standardized experimental animal model in sheep (n = 12; body weight, 77 to 112 kg). When PCPS was used during fibrillation, an increase in left ventricular pressure (from 21.4 +/- 5.0 mm Hg after 1 minute to 28.4 +/- 9.5 mm Hg after 10 minutes of fibrillation) was observed in all animals, with a simultaneous increase in pulmonary artery pressure in 6 animals, from 15.5 +/- 3.8 to 24.3 +/- 5.4 mm Hg (group A). In these animals, artificial pulmonary valve incompetency, which was induced by a special "pulmonary valve spreading catheter," led to effective decompression of both the pulmonary circulation (decrease in pulmonary artery pressure from 24.3 to 11.3 mm Hg) and the left ventricle (decrease in left ventricular pressure from 30.5 to 17.7 mm Hg). We simultaneously measured a decrease in the myocardial release of lactate (increase in arterial coronaryvenous difference in lactate content from -0.01 to 0.14 mmol/L), demonstrating the myocardial protective effect of the procedure. In contrast, in 6 animals without an increase in pulmonary artery pressure during PCPS (group B), artificial pulmonary valve incompetency did not reduce left ventricular loading, which was probably because of competent mitral valves in these animals.In case of increasing pulmonary artery pressure during PCPS in cardiac arrest, artificial pulmonary valve incompetency might be a useful tool for effective pulmonary and retrograde left ventricular decompression.
Management of infertility: one stop clinic may offer solution
Authors: M. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Suturing v conservative management of hand lacerationsAll lacerations need to be examined thoroughly Editor-Quinn et al show that conservative treatment is faster and less painful for small uncomplicated lacerations of the hand. 1 However, we think that lacerations to the hand, no matter how small, must be examined thoroughly to exclude injuries to tendons, nerves, or joints.The authors make no comment on the mechanism of injury, which is extremely important.A knife stab laceration or glass injury to the hand would make exploration of the wound mandatory.An unimpressive skin wound may hide a remarkable amount of damage to deep structures. 2 Similarly, injuries caused by thin slivers of glass produce unimpressive skin wounds but commonly divide flexor tendons and nerves in the forearm. 3 In emergency settings we think that it is crucial to take a good history from the patient about the mechanism of injury and to examine the patient thoroughly before deciding on further management of hand lacerations, albeit suturing or conservative management.In our plastic surgery unit the nurse practitioners who refer cases of hand trauma to us have all been on a hand trauma study day organised by our department.If the mechanism of injury raises any suspicion of a tendon or nerve injury, patients are referred to us and their wounds formally explored in an operating theatre.
Differential Myocardial Infarct Repair with Muscle Stem Cells Compared to Myoblasts
Authors: Hideki Oshima, Thomas R. Payne, Kenneth L. Urish, Tetsuro Sakai, Yiqun Ling, Burhan Gharaibeh, Kimimasa Tobita, Bradley B. Keller, James H. Cummins, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Thrombospondin-4 Regulates Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis
Authors: Ella G. Frolova, Elzbieta Pluskota, Irene Krukovets, Tim Burke, Carla Drumm, Jonathan D. Smith, Lauren Blech, Maria Febbraio, Paul Bornstein, Edward F. Plow, Olga I. Stenina
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale: Thrombospondin (TSP)-4 is an extracellular protein that has been linked to several cardiovascular pathologies. However, a role for TSP-4 in vascular wall biology remains unknown. Objective: We have examined the effects of TSP-4 gene ( Thbs4 ) knockout on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE −/− mice. Methods and Results: Deficiency in TSP-4 reduced atherosclerotic lesions: at 20 weeks of age, the size of the aortic root lesions in Thbs4 −/− / ApoE −/− mice was decreased by 48% in females and by 39% in males on chow diets; in mice on Western diets, lesions in the descending aorta were reduced by 30% in females and 33% in males. In ApoE −/− mice, TSP-4 was abundant in vessel areas prone to lesion development and in the matrix of the lesions themselves. TSP-4 deficiency reduced the number of macrophages in lesions in all groups by ≥2-fold. In addition, TSP-4 deficiency reduced endothelial cell activation (expression of surface adhesion molecules) and other markers of inflammation in the vascular wall (decreased production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and activation of p38). In vitro, both the adhesion and migration of wild-type macrophages increased in the presence of purified recombinant TSP-4 in a dose-dependent manner (up to 7- and 4.7-fold, respectively). These responses led to p38-MAPkinase activation and were dependent on β 2 and β 3 integrins, which recognize TSP-4 as a ligand. Conclusions: TSP-4 is abundant in atherosclerotic lesions and in areas prone to development of lesions and may influence the recruitment of macrophages by activating endothelial cells and directly interacting with macrophages to increase their adhesion and migration. Our observations suggest an important role for this matricellular protein in the local regulation of inflammation associated with atherogenesis.
LAPAROTOMIES PERFORMED DURING THE PAST YEAR.
Authors: THOMAS OPIE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Mr. President and Members of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association: It is with no little diffidence and apprehension that I offer this Society a paper which is the beaten track and the hackneyed theme of a narration of cases, especially since it has been made up little by little as the fragments could be wrested from the busy activities of the practical doctor. I do not come before you with the promise to present new, and therefore interesting facts; all of us might admit the paucity of facts, even in the great province of medicine, yet all are earnestly looking and longing for them. Every statement, proposition or theory in any department of medicine before it can be reckoned among settled facts, must be submitted to a calm judicial consideration, publicly and openly, before the bar of the medical profession. In new fields the caution and deliberation of the