tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NHS England's chief executive sets out thinking on new models of care
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2014)

He has the opportunity to make changes that in normal times would be impossible

In a series of speeches and interviews, culminating in an address to the annual conference of the NHS Confederation this week, the new chief executive of NHS England, Simon Stevens, has begun to describe his priorities for the NHS.1 Foremost among these priorities is a desire to be radical about how services are provided. This entails further concentrating specialist services where evidence shows this will bring benefits, while continuing to provide access to local hospital services for the growing number of older people who need these services.

Stevens’s radicalism extends to how hospitals will be staffed in his questioning of the assumption that almost all NHS acute hospitals need a full complement of trainee doctors to keep service afloat. With a 76% increase in the number of consultants working in the NHS since 2000, he has raised the prospect of some hospitals emulating what happens in parts of Europe, where medical care is delivered by consultants only. He has also advocated more emphasis on generalism in medicine, echoing the work of the Royal College of Physicians on the future hospital.2 …
Aqueous Bile Salt-Lecithin-Cholesterol Systems: Equilibrium Aspects
Authors: Martin C. Carey
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Cholesterol is solubilized by bile salt and bile salt-lecithin micelles without appreciable alteration in preexisting micellar size or structure. In dilute (˜ 3 gm per dl) model bile, but not in concentrated (˜ 10 gm per dl) systems, supramicellar concentrations of cholesterol are also solubilized in “stable” microdispersions of small lecithin-cholesterol vesicles (˜ 200 to 400 A in radius). Under physical-chemical conditions of physiological importance, the micellar solubilities of cholesterol are influenced by the total lipid concentrations, lecithin-to-bile salt ratio and bile salt species. The hydro-philic-hydrophobic balance of the bile salt monomer also influences the number and composition of precipitate phases coexisting in equilibrium with saturated micelles. When diluted below the critical micellar concentration (more correctly, the intermicellar concentration) of the bile salt species, the systems no longer contain micelles, but cholesterol remains dispersed in unilamellar liposomes that form spontaneously from the mixed micellar concentrations of the biliary lipids.
No practice will lose out under new GP contract, agreement says
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Family doctors who stand to lose money under the new GP contract have been given a guarantee that their income will be permanently protected.

Under a deal hammered out between ministers, the BMA, and the NHS Confederation a proposed minimum practice investment guarantee has been worked out that will ensure that no practice loses out under the new arrangements.

The deal was agreed by the BMA's General Practitioners Committee last week after a fraught couple of weeks for the association's team of negotiators. They had been forced to abandon the original ballot on …
The Medical Society of the County of New York.
Authors: John Van Doren Young
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New York, Jan. 23, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 236 ofThe Journalfor Jan. 19, 1907, among items grouped under the head of New York City is one which states as follows: The by-laws of the Medical Society of the State of New York, just published, show that the membership in the year 1806 was 371, while in the year 1906 it was 2,303. This, I presume, is a misprint as it is not in accordance with fact. The by-laws issued and above referred to were those of the Medical Society of the County of New York, which had its origin in New York City, Nov. 14, 1794. It was then called the Medical Society of the State of New York, which name it retained until 1806, when it was incorporated under the laws of New York State, but the name was changed by the vote
Bioadhesive microspheres: III. An in vivo transit and bioavailability study of drug-loaded alginate and poly(fumaric-co-sebacic anhydride) microspheres
Authors: D.E Chickering, J.S Jacob, T.A Desai, M Harrison, W.P Harris, C.N Morrell, P Chaturvedi, E Mathiowitz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
Effect of nitric oxide on iron-mediated oxidative stress in primary rat hepatocyte culture
Authors: O. Sergent, B. Griffon, I. Morel, M. Chevanne, M. Dubos, P. Cillard, J. Cillard
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

An iron–mediated oxidative stress caused by an increase of the intracellular pool of low molecular weight complex of iron (LMWC) can be observed with iron overloading or ethanol metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) behaved as a pro–oxidant or an antioxidant in such an iron–mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes. The cells were set up in primary cultures and incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and γ–interferon (IFN) for 18 hours to induce NO synthase and to trigger NO production. Then 20 μmol/L iron or 50 mmol/L ethanol were added. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring lipoperoxidation using two markers: malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes. Simultaneously, NO production was followed by the quantitation of nitrites in the culture medium, dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) and mononitrosyl iron complexes (MNICs) in intact hepatocytes. DNIC and MNIC, evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), corresponded to NO bound to iron–containing molecules and to free NO, respectively. In cultures preincubated with LPS and IFN before iron or ethanol addition, a net decrease of lipid peroxidation induced by either NO, iron, or ethanol was noted. Moreover, an elevation of iron–bound NO and a decrease of free NO were observed in these cultures compared with the cultures incubated with only LPS and IFN. These data support the idea that there is a relationship between the changes of NO pool and the inhibition of oxidative stress. In addition, using NG–monomethyl–l–arginine (l–NMMA), a NO synthase inhibitor, NO was shown to be involved in the inhibition of oxidative stress induced by iron or ethanol. Addition of the chelator of LMWC iron, deferiprone, was followed by the inhibition of the increase of iron–bound NO and the reincrease of lipid peroxidation extent, which was as high as in cultures incubated only with LPS and IFN. Thus LMWC iron appeared to be involved also in the inhibition of oxidative stress induced by NO. All the results favor the conclusion that NO acts as an antioxidant in iron–mediated oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes. NO reacted with LMWC iron to form inactive iron complexes unable to induce oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes. Thus NO played a critical role in protecting the liver from oxidative stress.
901–85 Lp(a) is a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Pre-menopausal but not in Post-menopausal Women
Authors: Satoshi Sunayama, Hiroshi Mokuno, Hiroshi Miyano, Hisashi Yokoi, Hiroyuki Daida, Hiroshi Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Diagnostic Value of Tc-99m (V) DMSA for Chondrogenic Tumors With Positive Tc-99m HMDP Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: HISATAKA KOBAYASHI, YOSHIHIKO KOTOURA, MARIKO HOSONO, HARUMI SAKAHARA, MAKOTO HOSONO, ZHENG-SHENG YAO, TADAO TSUBOYAMA, TAKAO YAMAMURO, KEIGO ENDO, JUNJI KONISHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Technetium-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy was performed in 17 patients with 37 chondrogenic tumors (13 osteochondromas, 14 enchondromas, and 10 chondrosarcomas) that had previously shown uptake of Tc-99m HMDP. Technetium-99m (V) DMSA showed high uptake by all chrondrosarcomas, but low or no uptake always indicated benign chondrogenic tumors. Technetium-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy may be superior to Tc-99m HMDP scintigraphy for distinguishing benign and malignant chondrogenic tumors, and could also be useful for diagnosing the malignant transformation of chondrogenic tumors.
Commission calls for city planners to consider health issues
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

City governments need to do more to meet the health needs of city dwellers through better urban planning, concludes a commission on healthy cities.

The joint commission set up by University College London and the Lancet examined the many complex factors, other than health services, that contribute to the health outcomes of city dwellers. These include sanitation and waste water management, transport, building standards, and air quality.1

“There has been a widespread failure of governments to address urban health adequately,” said the lead author of the commission’s report, Yvonne Rydin, chair of planning environment and public policy at UCL. “While cities have the potential to be …
Between Strangers: Surrogate Mothers, Expectant Fathers, and Brave New Babies
Authors: Myron W. Conovitz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This is really two books in one: an exposition of the case for surrogate parenthood by one who is well versed in its recent history and current controversies and a series of life stories of individuals (given pseudonyms) who have been surrogates. The narrative is written in a breezy style reminiscent of a novel or a Sunday newspaper supplement, interspersed with significant facts about the surrogate movement as it has evolved in this country during the past few years. The author is a lawyer and the medical-law project director of the American Bar Foundation and has been very much involved in this evolution herself, having testified in pertinent hearings and been a source person for committees active in the area. Her two previous books include a "Consumer's Guide" to the newer reproductive technologies and a book entitled<i>Medical Genetics: A Legal Frontie</i>r. The author gives a reasonably balanced history
TWO CASES OF VULVITIS CAUSED BY THE ACCUMULATED SECRETION OF TYSON'S GLANDS
Authors: J. D. Malcolm
Journal: BMJ (1918)

PNEUTMOTHORAX IN PI-ITHISIS.N,lcT.it L 55 In these various ways anmass of data could be obtained which, beinig collected by a siugle observer, shiould be free from differences of personal equation, and wliich on analysis slhould yield really valuable and wvell founded information.
DETECTION OF FREE ACID IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED ANACIDITY
Authors: Heinrich Necheles
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In examining a great number of patients with peptic ulcer or with subtotal gastrectomies, one is often faced with the problem of an apparently complete anacidity and a lack of response of the acid secretion of the stomach even to histamine, in patients who complain about heartburn, belching of sour material, and the like. Sometimes examination of the stomach contents of such persons right after sampling but before filtration reveals a strong positive reaction for free acid (Töpfer's reagent) on the surface of the mucous material only. This soon disappears, especially after filtration. Such cases cannot be called anacid but under the conditions of an ordinary stomach test would so appear. Evidently the little free hydrochloric acid that is present combines quickly with the mucus, which in most of these cases is abundant. In other cases, regurgitation from the duodenum is the neutralizing factor. We therefore devised a method by
Retention Catheterization and the Bladder Defense Mechanism
Authors: Clair E. Cox
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A dichotomy of opinion exists regarding the incidence of infection after urinary instrumentation. Determinants of infection exist which explain these opposing viewpoints. That the condition of the urinary bladder is a major variable in the incidence of infection was demonstrated by a low incidence of retention catheter-induced infection in 80 patients with normal bladders. Further studies on the bladder indicated that the normal bladder is resistant to infection and that this resistance is a function of two bladder defense mechanisms: (1) voiding, and (2) intrinsic antibacterial activity.
Primary Intrathoracic Neural Tumours
Authors: B. T. Le Roux
Journal: Thorax (1960)

Primary intrathoracic neural tumours are the commonest lesion of the posterior mediastinum, and, next to retrosternal goitre, they are the commonest form of mediastinal neoplasm.Most series.CLINICAL FEATURES More than half the cases reported in the literature are chance radiographic findings in symptomless patients submitted to routine chest copyright.
The Influence of Living Near Roadways on Spirometry and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Robert Dales, Amanda Wheeler, Mamun Mahmud, Anna Maria Frescura, Marc Smith-Doiron, Elizabeth Nethery, Ling Liu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Living near major roadways has been associated with an increase in respiratory symptoms, but little is known about how this relates to airway inflammation.We assessed the effects of living near local residential roadways based on objective indicators of ventilatory function and airway inflammation.We estimated ambient air pollution, resolved to the level of the child's neighborhood, using a land-use regression model for children 9-11 years of age. We also summed the length of roadways found within a 200-m radius of each child's neighborhood. We had measurements of both air pollution exposure and spirometry for 2,328 children, and also had measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) for 1,613 of these children.Each kilometer of local roadway within a 200-m radius of the home was associated with a 6.8% increase in eNO (p = 0.045). Each kilometer of any type of roadway (local, major, highway) was also associated with an increase in eNO of 10.1% (p = 0.002). Each microgram per cubic meter increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 3.9% increase in eNO (p = 0.058) and 0.70% decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) expressed as a percentage of predicted (p = 0.39). Associations between roadway density and both forced expired volume in 1 sec and FVC were negative but not statistically significant at p < 0.05.Traffic from local neighborhood roadways may cause airway inflammation as indicated by eNO. This may be a more sensitive indicator of adverse air pollution effects than traditional measures of ventilatory function.
Plan for new science research centre to go ahead despite spending cuts
Authors: J. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An ambitious new biomedical research centre in London is to go ahead, despite expected cuts in public spending.

The building of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation in Somers Town, north London, in 2011, will not be affected by government cuts, which are expected to apply only to new projects, said John Cooper, the centre’s chief operating officer and interim chief executive officer, last week.

The centre is protected partly because it combines the work of two established projects that have their organisational costs accounted for: the Medical Research Council’s National Institute for Medical …
Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Platelet Transfusion
Authors: STUART E. LIND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1987Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Platelet TransfusionSTUART E. LIND, M.D.STUART E. LIND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-478_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare disease characterized by extensive microvascular thromboses. Although the case report of Harkness and colleagues ( 1 ) suggested that platelet transfusions could worsen the clinical course of this disorder, little has been written about this point in the past 5 years. A patient seen at this hospital recently raised the question once again of the dangers of platelet transfusions in this disorder.A 22-year-old woman was transferred with the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 4 days after giving birth. She had entered her local hospital in labor on her due date...Reference1. HARKNESSBYRNESLIANWILLIAMSHENSLEY DJEWG. Hazard of platelet transfusion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. JAMA. 1981;246:1931-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPostinfectious Hemolytic Uremic SyndromeAre platelet transfusions harmful in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura at the acute phase? experience of the French thrombotic microangiopathies reference centerPostoperative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after aortofemoral bypassThrombotische Mikroangiopathien nach extrakorporaler ZirkulationClinical outcomes after platelet transfusions in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraWhen Are Platelet/Plasma Transfusions Indicated?Platelet transfusionsPlatelet transfusion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: between Scylla and CharybdisPost-operative thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A reviewPlatelet transfusion and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraDelayed thrombocytopenia following abciximab therapy14 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: diagnosis, pathogenesis and modern therapyThe changing course of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and modern therapy 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 478-478KeywordsBirthPlateletsThrombosisThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
How dangerous are falls in old people at home?
Authors: S Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Chlorpromazine, amylobarbitone sodium, and haloperidol, as mentioned by Dr Short, may be use- ful but I was surprised to find no mention of droperidol.This can be given intramuscularly, or orally, in a dose of 5-10 mg and produces a calming effect without sedation within a few minutes.It is also safe in patients suffering from epilepsy.Another useful standby is paraldehyde (5-10 ml intra- muscularly or orally), which in spite of its pene- trating smell is safe, effective, and rapidly acting.If no more than 5 ml is given at any one injection site it is unlikely to produce sterile abscesses.Some of the more modern plastic syringes do not appear to be affected by paraldehyde, but it is wise to check this first.
Left-sided Amoebic Liver Abscess with Pulmonary Involvement, Pericarditis, and Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency
Authors: D. P. Mullan, N. E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1965)

k .('2' Medical Memoranda Left-sided Amoebic Liver Abscess with visible on bronchoscopy (175 mg. of thiopentone with 40 mg.Oa \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~suxa nim wvas used to induce anaesthesia).Following Ad Fulmonary ]Involvement, Pericarditis, and "aScoline apnoea " oued for 50 minutes.The A t day i fl,!,Y serum pseudocholinesterase activity' was only 5 micromols/ml./hoAur;Pseudocholinesterase LD 1Iy and five days later it was still only 20 micromols/ml./hour.He deteriorated, and a further radiograph of the chest (see Fix), showed a gas-filled cavity in the left lower zone.He died Xo
Implementing guidance on hepatitis B for applicants to medical school is time consuming
Authors: S. Williams, C. Ellinghouse, B. Griffiths, A. Cockcroft
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
Personal Use of Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy by Women Physicians in the United States
Authors: Sally E. McNagny
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Women physicians' use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is unknown. Objective: To study use of HRT by women physicians in the United States. Design: Stratified random-sample mail survey. Setting: United States. Participants: 1466 postmenopausal women U.S. physicians in the Women Physicians' Health Study. Measurements: Self-reported personal use of HRT and information on demographic, professional, and behavioral characteristics and medical history. Results: Overall, 47.4% of participants currently use HRT; the prevalence of use is 59.8% in women 40 to 49 years of age, 49.4% in women 50 to 59 years of age, and 36.4% in women 60 to 70 years of age (P < 0.001). In an adjusted logistic regression model, current users were significantly more likely to be gynecologists, to be younger, to be white, to be sexually active, to be previous users of oral contraceptives, to live in Pacific or Mountain states, to have had a hysterectomy, and to have no personal or family history of breast cancer. Conclusions: Women physicians have a higher rate of HRT use than that reported in cross-sectional U.S. surveys. This may presage greater use of HRT for U.S. women in the future.