tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary Concentrations of Four Parabens in the U.S. Population: NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, Lee-Yang Wong, Amber M. Bishop, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundParabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage processing.ObjectivesWe assessed exposure to methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens in a representative sample of persons ≥ 6 years of age in the U.S. general population from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe analyzed 2,548 urine samples by using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution–high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsWe detected methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP) in 99.1% and 92.7% of the samples, respectively. We detected ethyl (42.4%) and butyl (47%) parabens less frequently and at median concentrations at least one order of magnitude lower than MP (63.5 μg/L) and PP (8.7 μg/L). Least-square geometric mean (LSGM) concentrations of MP were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) among non-Hispanic blacks than among non-Hispanic whites except at older ages (≥ 60 years). Adolescent and adult females had significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) LSGM concentrations of MP and PP than did adolescent and adult males. Females were more likely than males [adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): MP, 3.2 (2.99–5.27); PP, 4.19 (2.34–7.49)] and non-Hispanic blacks were more likely than non-Hispanic whites [MP, 4.99 (2.62–9.50); PP, 3.6 (1.86–7.05)] to have concentrations above the 95th percentile.ConclusionsThe general U.S. population was exposed to several parabens during 2005–2006. Differences in the urinary concentrations of MP and PP by sex and race/ethnicity likely reflect the use of personal care products containing these compounds.
Significant downregulation of transforming growth factor-? signal transducers in human skin following ultraviolet-A1 irradiation
Authors: T. Gambichler, M. Skrygan, N.S. Tomi, S. Breuksch, P. Altmeyer, A. Kreuter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Despite the significant role of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad pathway in cell growth and extracellular matrix regulation, relatively little is known regarding the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the TGF-beta/Smad signalling in human skin.We aimed to investigate the impact of UVA1 and UVB on the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-beta/Smad signal transducers in human skin in vivo.Fifteen subjects were exposed to 1.5 minimal erythema doses (MED) (4.5 MED cumulative) of UVA1 and UVB over a 3-day period. Skin biopsies were obtained at 24 and 72 h after the last UV exposure. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistology were performed.In the UVA1-exposed sites (24 h, 72 h), mRNA expression of TGF-beta1 and Smad3/4/7 was significantly downregulated as compared with nonirradiated skin sites (P < 0.05). At 24 h, immunohistology revealed significantly reduced TGF-beta1 protein levels in fibroblasts (P < 0.05). However, mRNA and protein expression of TGF-beta/Smad proteins observed in UVB-irradiated sites did not differ significantly from control sites (P > 0.05).In contrast to UVB, UVA1 significantly downregulates the expression of TGF-beta/Smad proteins in human skin in vivo. The extent to which the acute effects of TGF-beta/Smad signalling reported in the present paper are related to the beneficial effect of UVA1-based phototherapy of fibrotic skin conditions and/or to the chronic effects of UV that result in photoaging and cancer remains to be established.
Half of whistleblowers who raised work concerns with charity were sacked or resigned
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than half the whistleblowers who contacted the UK charity Public Concern at Work for advice in 2012 were sacked or resigned after raising concerns about wrongdoing, risk, or malpractice, the organisation’s annual report for 2013 shows.1

A third (33%) were dismissed, 21% resigned, and 22% were victimised or disciplined by their employers. Only 6% reported that their workplace improved.

The main organisation advising whistleblowers in …
Nanotechnology Applications in Surgical Oncology
Authors: Sunil Singhal, Shuming Nie, May D. Wang
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

Surgery is currently the most effective and widely used procedure in treating human cancers, and the single most important predictor of patient survival is a complete surgical resection. Major opportunities exist to develop new and innovative technologies that could help the surgeon to delineate tumor margins, to identify residual tumor cells and micrometastases, and to determine if the tumor has been completely removed. Here we discuss recent advances in nanotechnology and optical instrumentation, and how these advances can be integrated for applications in surgical oncology. A fundamental rationale is that nanometer-sized particles such as quantum dots and colloidal gold have functional and structural properties that are not available from either discrete molecules or bulk materials. When conjugated with targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, or small molecules, these nanoparticles can be used to target malignant tumor cells and tumor microenvironments with high specificity and affinity. In the “mesoscopic” size range of 10–100 nm, nanoparticles also have large surface areas for conjugating to multiple diagnostic and therapeutic agents, opening new possibilities in integrated cancer imaging and therapy.
STUDIES ON PATHOGENIC B. COLI FROM BOVINE SOURCES
Authors: Theobald Smith, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The relatively young bouillon filtrates, 24 and 48 hours old, of certain strains of B. coli obtained directly from the ileum of scouring calves, were highly toxic for calves about 1 month old, as well as for older calves and cows when given into a vein. The symptoms, of panting followed by dyspneic and jerky respiration, indicate some at first obstructive action upon the alveolar and endothelial cells, followed by a greater permeability and eventual filling up of the air spaces with a serous, fibrinous, and hemorrhagic exudate. Similar effects are produced in other organs, such as liver and kidneys, if the toxin reaches them or is formed there by multiplying bacteria. There are no immediate or remote effects resembling those on calves following the intraperitoneal or the intracardiac injection of B. coli filtrates into guinea pigs even when the dose represents many multiples, per body weight, of the dangerous or even fatal calf dose. The administration of the filtrate subcutaneously is without visible effect. Similarly, feeding large numbers of living bacilli produced no manifest disturbances. In support of the hypothesis of a genetic relation between the group of B. coli and of paratyphoid, a similar but less severe effect was produced in a calf by the intravenous injection of a bouillon filtrate of a paratyphoid strain.
Inhaled corticosteroids and long term outcome in adults with asthma
Authors: P J F M Merkus, J C de Jongste
Journal: Thorax (2006)

The concept that treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may improve long term lung function by reversing or minimising the effects of airway remodelling remains an attractive one but, until now, unproven. It is therefore with much interest that we read the publications of two observational studies by Lange et al 1 and by Dijkstra et al .2 Both groups of authors hypothesised that asthmatic individuals continuously treated with ICS would have a less pronounced decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) than those not treated with …
Altered Gene Expression Patterns in MCF-7 Cells Induced by the Urban Dust Particulate Complex Mixture Standard Reference Material 1649a
Authors: Brinda Mahadevan, Channa Keshava, Tamara Musafia-Jeknic, Arta Pecaj, Ainsley Weston, William M. Baird
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Human exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) occur in complex mixtures. Here, gene expression patterns were investigated using standard reference material (SRM) 1649a (urban dust). MCF-7 cells were exposed to SRM 1649a alone or SRM 1649a with either benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) for 24 hours. Global analyses of the gene expression data revealed alterations of 41 RNA transcripts with at least 2-fold change (signal log ratio ≤ −1 or ≥ 1) in response to SRM 1649a exposure. Increase in expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes was observed in response to BP exposure (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1; signal log ratio of 4.7 and 2.5, respectively). An additive induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was observed with cotreatment of SRM 1649a and BP. On the contrary, no change in gene expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was observed when the cells were exposed to DBP. Furthermore, to study the effect of complex PAH mixtures on the metabolic activation of carcinogenic PAH to DNA-binding derivatives and to relate this with gene expression studies, PAH-DNA adduct formation was determined. SRM 1649a decreased the total level of BP-DNA adducts in comparison with BP alone. No significant difference in adduct levels was observed in response to either DBP alone or in combination with SRM 1649a. These results provide a transcriptional signature for chemical carcinogen exposure; in addition, they suggest a major factor in carcinogenic activity of PAH within complex mixtures is their ability to promote or inhibit the activation of carcinogenic PAH by the induction of CYP enzymes.
Foods that fuel performance
Authors: Carole A Conn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

This presentation will discuss the physiological mechanisms that convert food to energy required for powerful performance. Nutrition science will be translated to practical food choices for maximising energy utilisation for training and competition in endurance and resistance sports. Issues to be discussed include the fundamental importance of carbohydrates and hydration, the role of fats in daily training, how proteins optimise tissue growth and repair, and current theories of timing of nutrient intake for optimal competition. Dr Conn is a Board Certified Specialist in Sports Dietetics. She teaches nutrition science and sports nutrition to both undergraduate and graduate students. She provides lectures internationally on the effects of exercise and nutrition for maintaining health and optimising performance. Her published research includes the effects of exercise and nutrition on growth, immune function and chronic disease. She serves as a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.
Abstract 471: Transcriptional coactivator CBP regulates hTERT expression through the cooperation with Sp1/AP-2β and predicts poor prognosis in human lung cancers
Authors: Wei Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is linked to tumorigenesis and development. However, how hTERT is upregulated in tumor cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified CBP as a transcriptional coactivator that specifically binds to hTERT promoter through co-anchoring with transcriptional factors Sp1 and AP-2β and promotes hTERT expression in human lung cancer cells. Streptavidin-agarose pulldown and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed the tumor-specific binding of CBP, Sp1 and AP-2β on the hTERT promoter. The colocalization and interaction between CBP and Sp1 or AP-2β in lung cancer cells were detected. High expression levels of CBP and hTERT in lung cancer cells and tissues were also detected compared to normal lung cells and adjacent normal lung tissues. Tissue array immunohistochemistry of lung adenocarcinomas showed a strong postive correlation between CBP and hTERT expression, and demonstrated the patients with high CBP and hTERT expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with low CBP and hTERT expression. Ectopic expression of CBP activated hTERT promoter-driven luciferase gene and endogenous hTERT gene expression in lung cancer cells. Inhibition of CBP expression by CBP-specific siRNA or chemical inhibitor attenuated hTERT promoter-driven luciferase expression and the endogenous hTERT activity, and abrogated the binding of Sp1 and AP-2β on hTERT promoter region. Moreover, CBP knockdown by siRNA significantly inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, whereas CBP overexpression promoted cell proliferation. These results therefore indicate overexpression of CBP contributes to hTERT upregulation through its cooperation with transactivators Sp1 and AP-2β and predicts poor prognosis in human lung cancers. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Wei Guo. Transcriptional coactivator CBP regulates hTERT expression through the cooperation with Sp1/AP-2β and predicts poor prognosis in human lung cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 471. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-471
EU agrees to continue funding stem cell research
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Funding from the European Union will be available for research involving human embryonic stem cells for at least the next seven years, under an agreement reached in Brussels this week.

The decision was taken only after the European Commission gave a firm guarantee that “projects which include research activities which destroy human embryos, including for the procurement of stem cells,” would not be eligible for EU funding.

The commission’s statement continued: “The exclusion of funding of this step of research will not prevent [European] Community funding of subsequent steps involving human embryonic stem cells.”

The two sentence declaration does not change existing policy. The EU already refuses to fund activities where embryos would be destroyed. It is currently financing nine projects involving embryonic stem cell projects, all of which would satisfy the rules of the new multi-annual European research framework programme, which will come into force in January.

Janez Potoenik, the EU’s commissioner for research and one of the main architects of the agreement, noted: “We clarified what we are doing and committed ourselves to continue in that direction in future.”

The pledge was sufficient to satisfy Germany, Italy, and Luxembourg, which had originally opposed the funding deal. Other opponents—Poland, Austria, Slovakia, Lithuania, and Malta—stood their ground but did not have enough votes at the Brussels meeting of EU science ministers to block the agreement.

The legislation lists three other areas that will not qualify for EU funding: research aimed at human cloning for reproductive purposes, research intended to modify the genetic heritage of human beings, and research to create human embryos solely for the purpose of research.

The agreement, which must now be formally approved by the European parliament after its summer recess, will not change the status of stem cell research in Europe. Under the principle of ethical subsidiarity it is up to each individual government, not the EU, to determine whether such research may or may not take place in each country.

In Ireland such research is banned and will remain so, but its representative, Micheal Martin, endorsed the agreement. “We have to face up to the challenges of contemporary science, and we have to respect the rights of other member states. It is a delicate but workable compromise between different viewpoints,” he said.

David Sainsbury, Britain’s science minister, also welcomed the deal, describing it as “symbolically very significant.” He said that it may increase the number of disillusioned scientists in the field of regenerative medicine leaving the United States for Europe.

The amount of EU money expected to be available for stem cell experimentation between 2007 and 2013 is likely to be €50m (£34m; $63m), out of a total research budget €54bn. Each application for an EU grant will have to be individually approved by national representatives.
Transitioning Pediatric Surgical Patients to Adult Surgical Care
Authors: Stefano Giuliani, Dean M. Anselmo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 1085: TGFBR2-dependent alterations of glycosylation in MSI colorectal cancer
Authors: Jennifer Lee, Kai Schoenig, Claudia R. Ball, Hanno Glimm, Juergen Kopitz, Johannes Gebert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of many malignancies including colorectal cancers. About 15% of colorectal cancers show the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype that is associated with a high frequency of biallelic frameshift mutations in the exon 3 coding mononucleotide microsatellite of the Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) gene. If and how disruption of normal TGFBR2 signaling in these MSI colorectal cancer cells is linked to altered glycan pattern is largely unexplored. To address this issue we used the TGFBR2-deficient MSI colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 as a model system. Stable clones enabling doxycycline-inducible expression of wildtype TGFBR2 transgene were generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). In two independent clones dox-inducible expression of wildtype TGFBR2 protein and functional reconstitution of TGFBR2-mediated signal transduction as recognized by target gene regulation (SMAD7, SERPINE, c-myc) and Phospho-SMAD2 analysis was confirmed by Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Metabolic labeling experiments using the sialic acid precursor 3H-N-acetyl-mannosamine revealed a significant decline of 30% and hence newly synthesized sialoglycoproteins in TGFBR2 expressing cells. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that this model system can be used as a versatile tool to study TGFBR2-dependent effects. Furthermore, our data reveal a TGFBR2 gene-dependent aberrant glycosylation pattern in the MSI colon cell line HCT116. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1085. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1085
Endoscopic Management and Follow Up of Dieulafoy Lesion in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Y. Sone, T. Kumada, H. Toyoda, Y. Hisanaga, S. Kiriyama, M. Tanikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Dieulafoy's lesion is an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment have been widely accepted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic management, including hemoclipping and injection methods, for bleeding Dieulafoy lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract.Between 1995 and 2003, 61 patients with bleeding Dieulafoy lesions underwent endoscopic treatment. The available hemostatic methods were hemoclipping, hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection, and pure ethanol injection. Clinical data, endoscopic features, and treatment outcome were analyzed retrospectively.Comorbid conditions were present in 39 patients (64 %). Active bleeding was noted in 20 patients (33 %). Hemoclipping was a selected treatment in 48 patients (79 %). Initial hemostasis was achieved in 61 patients (100 %). One patient had rebleeding 6 days after the initial procedure but was successfully treated endoscopically. The 30-day mortality was 0 %. During follow-up, for a mean of 47 months, 15 patients (25 %) died of causes unrelated to the Dieulafoy lesion. Two patients had recurrent bleeding due to non-Dieulafoy gastric ulcer, and responded to endoscopic therapy. We encountered no patients who required surgery.Dieulafoy lesion can be successfully managed by endoscopic treatment. The long-term outcome is acceptable.
PEGylated poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)/DNA polyplex micelles decorated with phage-displayed TGN peptide for brain-targeted gene delivery
Authors: Yong Qian, Yuan Zha, Bing Feng, Zhiqing Pang, Bo Zhang, Xiyang Sun, Jinfeng Ren, Chi Zhang, Xiayan Shao, Qizhi Zhang, Xinguo Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Gallium Scans In Paget??s Sarcoma
Authors: SAMUEL D.J. YEH, GERALD ROSEN, RICHARD S. BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Bone and gallium scans were performed in twelve patients with Paget's sarcoma. Most of these patients had polyostotic Paget's disease. The lesions with sarcomatous changes were usually associated with less Tc- 99m MDP uptake as compared with Pagetoid bone which was not sarcomatous. Gallium uptake in the tumor area was proportionally higher than the MDP uptake and appeared quite irregular. Follow-up scans were available in a limited number of patients. Temporary response to chemotherapy was reflected by the decreased gallium uptake in trie tumor area. Gallium scans appear to be useful in confirming the diagnosis of Paget's sarcoma and may be valuable in monitoring therapeutic response.
Aging Patients Are Advised "Stay Active to Stay Alert"
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal