tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of outpatient clinics as a health indicator for communities around a coal-fired power plant.
Authors: A I Goren, S Hellmann, E D Glaser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The permit to operate the first coal fired power plant in Israel was issued with the condition that a comprehensive network to monitor its effects on the environment, health, and agriculture must be installed and operated around the plant. The health monitoring system consists of four studies, which started 1 year prior to the operation of the plant and were carried out for 10 years. In the framework of the health monitoring system, a study of requests for health services was carried out. In this survey, 8 clinics of the Sick Fund, served by 16 physicians, were followed up. The clinics were located as near as possible to air pollution monitoring stations and represent expected different levels of pollution. A health recorder summarized each day's visits to each physician and tabulated the total visits for each day and the visits due to respiratory tract complaints. Multivariate stepwise regressions on total as well as on respiratory complaints were carried out. The independent variables in the regressions were sulfur dioxide, meteorological parameters (such as temperature and humidity), and flu epidemics. Temperature was almost always significantly correlated with respiratory complaints, but less correlated with total visits among, adults and children. Sulfur dioxide, most meterological parameters and flu epidemics were not meaningful explanatory factor in the regressions. Ambient air pollution levels did not exceed the Israeli air quality or the more stringent local air quality standards, the monthly and annual average sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides values were very low.
Iron absorption in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis: relationship with serum ferritin concentration.
Authors: G O Walters, A Jacobs, M Worwood, D Trevett, W Thomson
Journal: Gut (1975)

In 52 normal subjects there was an inverse relationship between serum ferritin concentration and iron absorption. In 21 measurements in 15 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis there was a similar inverse relationship but absorption was higher in relation to iron stores at all levels. Haemochromatotic patients with normal serum ferritin levels had abnormally high values for desferrioxamine chelatable iron and there was no correlation between chelatable iron and iron absorption.
Dutch doctors call for all pregnant women to be screened for Down's
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dutch researchers are calling for all pregnant women to be offered screening for Down's syndrome in the first trimester on the basis of ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency and maternal serum markers in addition to maternal age.

Currently, the only legal screening programme in the Netherlands for Down's syndrome is based on maternal age. All women aged over 36 years are offered prenatal diagnostic testing by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling, but only 45% accept. Most babies with Down's syndrome, however, are born to younger women.

In the United Kingdom most screening for Down's syndrome …
ABNORMALITIES OF THE VISUAL FIELDS
Authors: SAMUEL D. INGHAM
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our object in this paper is to discuss methods of examination of the visual fields, to emphasize the value of graphic records, and to stimulate neurologic interest in an ophthalmologic field, as well as to present in outline certain clinical cases. Knowledge of the physiology of vision and its relation to the anatomy of visual pathways has been established on a sound and eminently practical basis. Lesions interrupting different parts of the visual tracts can frequently be localized with almost mathematical accuracy. This can be accomplished, however, only by means of accurate observations, which in turn depend on the use of methods of precision. Notwithstanding the immense value of visual field examination as an aid to neurologic diagnosis, careful routine work in this line is being done only by a few enthusiasts. In theory, the charting of the visual field is relatively simple, but in clinical practice many difficulties are
Dr Isadore Dyer
Authors: Mark S. Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Government promises new money for cancer drugs after NICE rejects liver cancer treatment
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The new coalition government has reiterated its pre-election promise to give patients access to expensive treatments by emphasising the advisory nature of guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) after the agency rejected a drug for the treatment of advanced liver cancer for use on the NHS because of its cost.

NICE guidance on sorafenib (Nexavar) for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma says the drug should not be used in the NHS because its high cost cannot be justified by the small benefit it gives patients.

In response to the guidance the department of health said that primary care trusts should “consider carefully whether there are particular local or individual circumstances that would make it appropriate to fund sorafenib, or other …
Risking Big Changes with Small Reforms
Authors: Stuart M. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

As the prospects for health care reform ebb and flow by the day, one school of thought holds that making modest adjustments rather than enacting large-scale reform could help to avert controversy and command more broad support. Perhaps — but seemingly modest changes could also unleash huge pressures that would profoundly alter the system's future structure and function. Since perceptive lawmakers and congressional staff members recognize this fact, there may well be bitter debate over the enactment of certain apparently modest elements of a smaller reform package submitted to Congress.History shows that changing even seemingly minor features of legislation . . .
Reforming the Swedish health services
Authors: C Ham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In common with many other countries, Sweden is reviewing options for reforming its health services. The report of an expert group set up by the government to examine alternative ways of financing and delivering health services was published last year.1 In line with the brief provided by the minister of health, the report analysed three models for the future. These models seek to build on the strengths of the existing system while at the same time tackling its weaknesses. A period of debate is now under way, and decisions are unlikely to be taken until after the election in September.

Sweden exemplifies the integrated approach to the provision of health services.2 This entails a combination of public finance and public provision. At a local level county councils raise most of the resources for health care through income taxes, and they also manage the provision of hospital and primary care services. Swedish people enjoy ready access to a full range of services, and there is a strong commitment to equity in the delivery of services. Within this system democratic control of health services and accountability to the local public are particularly emphasised. Administrative costs are low, and this enables most of the available resources to be spent on direct patient care.

Against these strengths, several weaknesses have become increasingly apparent in recent years. These include the existence of waiting lists for some hospital procedures, a perceived lack …
The self controlled case series method
Authors: H. Whitaker
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A way to study the relation between antipsychotics and stroke

The study by Douglas and Smeeth (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1227) uses the self controlled case series method to study the association between exposure to antipsychotics and the risk of stroke.1 The study found that use of any antipsychotic agent significantly increased the risk of stroke (relative risk 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.60 to 1.87). The risk of stroke in people with dementia taking any antipsychotic was higher (3.50, 2.97 to 4.12) than in people without dementia taking similar medication (1.41, 1.29 to 1.55).

The self controlled case series method, or case series method for short, can be used to study the association between an acute event and a transient exposure using data only on cases; no separate controls are needed.2

The method uses exposure histories that are retrospectively ascertained in cases to estimate the relative incidence. That is, the incidences of events within risk periods—windows of time during or after experiencing the exposure when people are hypothesised to be at greater risk—relative to the incidences of …
Symptom Changes during the Psychotherapy of Patients with Myasthenia gravis
Authors: M. Kütemeyer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Four patients with myasthenia gravis were treated psychotherapeutically: two who suffered from generalized myasthenia gravis were treated without additional medical treatment. During the course of the therapy a clear correspondence of the patients' behavior and the severity of symptoms could be observed. The symptoms would improve, or even disappear, depending on the developed 'ego-strength' and the possibility of being aggressive and creative during therapy and also depending on the degree to which the 'meaning' of the symptoms could be understood. There seems to be a possibility of influencing decisively the course of myasthenia gravis by psychotherapy.
Dehydration in older adults
Authors: J. L. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The recent recommendations on dehydration in older adults 1 highlight the need for increased awareness of dehydration as a serious problem in the elderly. However, the American Medical Association recommendations are largely targeted toward the institutionalized population. Research in progress at the National Institute on Aging shows that approximately 1.5% of community-dwelling elderly will be hospitalized with dehydration annually. Applying this rate to data from a national study of hospitalizations for patients with dehydration among Medicare beneficiaries in 1991, 2 we estimate that 456 000 of the 731695 cases reported to Medicare occurred among community-dwelling elderly (assuming that 95% of elderly persons live in the community). Thus, we would encourage that emphasis also be placed on the risk of dehydration for community-dwelling elderly.  The analysis of data from Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with dehydration in 1991 identified specific acute illnesses as a frequent underlying condition. For example, 28%
Positive Liver Scan in Clonorchiasis
Authors: Wei-Jen Shih
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is well recognized that there are multiple causes of positive radiocolloid liver scintigrams. To this list of causes, I add another— clonorchiasis. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 22-year-old man was admitted on Aug 21, 1974, with a chief complaint of sudden onset of right upperquadrant abdominal pain of four days' duration. The pain was sharp and persistent in nature. About one month prior to admission, he had eaten raw freshwater fish called grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>). He had eaten uncooked sea fish in the past. The patient was well-developed and moderately nourished, with no evidence of jaundice. Tenderness over the right upperquadrant of the abdomen was noted. Laboratory values included the following: hemoglobin, 14.7 gm/100 ml; hematocrit, 44%; red blood cells, 5.9 m/cu mm, white blood cells, 22,250/cu mm, with 84% eosinophils. Liver function test results were normal except for an increase of alkaline phosphatase (170
Arterial uptake indices of low density lipoproteins after fatty streak formation in Cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: S. GHOSH, M. L ARMSTRONGS, M. B MEGAN, F. H CHENG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Arterial uptake indices of low density lipoproteins after fatty streak formation in Cynomolgus monkeys Get access SANTIBRATA GHOSH, SANTIBRATA GHOSH ** From the Biochemistry Program, Northwestern University Medical and Dental Schools, Chicago, Illinois Address for reprints: Dr ML Armstrong, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARK L ARMSTRONGS, MARK L ARMSTRONGS † From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARJORIE B MEGAN, MARJORIE B MEGAN † From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRANK H CHENG FRANK H CHENG ‡ From the Department of Radiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 14–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.1.14 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Received: 28 March 1986 Accepted: 07 July 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Radiation Therapy for Paraplegia Due to Multiple Myeloma
Authors: William E. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SPINAL CORD compression has been reported to occur in 6% to 18% of patients with multiple myeloma.<sup>1,2</sup>Since paraplegia may be the first manifestation of multiple myeloma, it is important to consider this diagnosis in every patient with cord compression. Paraplegia in multiple myeloma has frequently been regarded as a strong indication for surgical intervention.<sup>3,4</sup>The successful use of radiation therapy alone has been occasionally reported<sup>3</sup>but not sufficiently stressed. It is the purpose of this report to reemphasize the potentialities of the latter approach in this clinical situation. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 54-year-old Negro male was admitted on June 29, 1960, because of backaches of 11 months' duration and weakness and numbness of the lower extremities which began two weeks prior to admission and progressed rapidly. On admission he was well developed and well nourished. The blood pressure was 125/95 mm Hg. He had
ATP receptor regulation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C activity in cultured renal LLC-PK1 cells.
Authors: R J Anderson, R Breckon, B S Dixon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In cultured intact LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells, a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, ATP gamma S, inhibits AVP-stimulated cAMP formation. In LLC-PK1 membranes, several ATP analogues inhibit basal, GTP-, forskolin-, and AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The rank order potency of inhibition by ATP analogues suggests that a P2y type of ATP receptor is involved in this inhibition. The compound ATP gamma S inhibits agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in solubilized and in isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) and quinacrine pretreated membranes, suggesting that ATP gamma S inhibition occurs independent of AVP and A1 adenosine receptors and of phospholipase A2 activity. The ATP gamma S inhibition of AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity is not affected by pertussis toxin but is attenuated by GDP beta S, suggesting a possible role for a pertussis toxin insensitive G protein in the inhibition. Exposure of intact LLC-PK cells to ATP gamma S results in a significant increase in protein kinase C activity. However, neither of two protein kinase C inhibitors (staurosporine and H-7) prevents ATP gamma S inhibition of AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting that this inhibition occurs by a protein kinase C independent mechanism. These findings suggest the presence of functional P2y purinoceptors coupled to two signal transduction pathways in cultured renal epithelial cells. The effect of P2y purinoceptors to inhibit AVP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity may be mediated, at least in part, by a pertussis toxin insensitive G protein.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor gene therapy affects cellular immune responses in collagen induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Paramita Mukherjee, Shang-You Yang, Bin Wu, Zheng Song, Linda K Myers, Paul D Robbins, Paul H Wooley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) amenable to immunotherapy directed against tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate whether local TNF receptor (TNF-R) gene therapy in DBA/1 mice exerts an influence beyond anti-inflammatory effects. Two measures of CIA pathogenesis were investigated—namely, immunity to collagen II (CII) 245–270 peptide (the major immunodominant epitope within bovine CII) and the preferential activation of T cell Vβ8.2 variable region receptors in arthritic DBA/1 mice. <b>Methods:</b> DBA/1 mice received single periarticular injections of media or retroviral vectors containing LacZ or human TNF-R into affected arthritic paws at disease onset. Disease severity was monitored, immune responses towards the immunodominant bovine CII 245–270 and subdominant CII 334–360 peptide epitopes were assessed by ELISA, and T cell Vβ usage was analysed by real time polymerase chain reaction for the LacZ transduced, TNF-R, and viral-free media treated control animals. The therapeutic influence of TNF-R gene transduction was compared with other groups at different times after treatment. <b>Results:</b> Reduced disease severity was seen 15–35 days after treatment, with a concomitant increase in immunity towards the subdominant CII 334–360 peptide epitope rather than the immunodominant CII 245–270 peptide in TNF-R treated animals. Early in the disease, TNF-R treated animals demonstrated a reduction of bias towards the otherwise predominant Vβ8.2 T cell subset. <b>Conclusions:</b> TNF-R gene therapy influences cellular immunity in CIA, leading to overall disease amelioration, thus suggesting that TNF inhibition may have therapeutic potential beyond the control of inflammation in RA.
One in 12 teenagers self harm but most stop spontaneously
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

One in 12 adolescents self harm but only a tenth of these continue to do so into adulthood, says a longitudinal study based in Australia.

The research, published in the Lancet , is the first population based study to chart the incidence of self harm during the transition from late adolescence through to adulthood (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61141-0).

A stratified random sample of 1943 adolescents were recruited from 44 schools in the state of Victoria, Australia, and followed up at nine points from 1992 to 2008. The mean age at the starting point was 15 years and 29 years during the final wave of follow-up.

A total of 1802 responded in the adolescent phase with 149 (8%) reporting self harm. More girls (10%) …
Howard Rusk, MD: an equal chance
Authors: Nancy Yanes-Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Although some people, Ronald Reagan among them, call Howard Rusk "The Father of Rehabilitation Medicine," he declines that honor. "Minnesota's Dr Frank Krusen deserves that title," he says. "He was far ahead of me. He succeeded in getting the AMA to recognize physical medicine as a specialty when most doctors made no bones about brushing it off as a `social service boondoggle'." Rusk<i>will</i>admit, however, to being "father, midwife, and pediatrician" to the modern concept of rehabilitation, the radical who argued that physicians should treat the "whole person," not just the ring finger or the toe. At 80, Howard A. Rusk, MD, a Nobel Peace Prize nominee in this Year of the Disabled, embodies the best of America. With his native American optimism, his tinker-repairer tradition, and his quirks, Rusk also incorporates some of America's questions about itself: What are society's responsibilities to the individual? What do we mean
Brain damage found in victims of Bhopal disaster
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An international medical commission has found evidence of long term brain damage in survivors of the gas disaster in Bhopal in 1984. The commission, which has just completed a 12 day study in the Indian city, said that many victims have considerable neurological problems, in addition to respiratory complaints, directly related to the effects of the gas. It criticised the evaluation of the survivors and the existing health care system.

* Bhopal survivors complain of multiple health problem

(Fig Omitted)

The commission emerged from the recommendations of the session of the Permanent Peoples Tribunal held in Bhopal in October 1992. Invited by organisations set up …
Alcoholism Treatment and Total Health Care Utilization and Costs
Authors: Harold D. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This study examines the effect of alcoholism treatment services on overall health care utilization and costs for health insurance enrollees under the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program with Aetna Insurance Company, 1980 through 1983. Claims filed by 1697 treated alcoholics (and their family members) continuously enrolled with Aetna during the study period were examined. In the years prior to initial alcoholism treatment, alcoholics incurred gradually increasing total health care costs on the average. These costs rose dramatically in the six months prior to treatment, began to decline after treatment initiation, and continued to fall during several follow-up years. For alcoholics less than 45 years of age, costs eventually declined to a point comparable with the lowest pretreatment levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1456-1460)
Book Review Occupational Disorders of the Lung: Recognition, Management, and Prevention Edited by David J. Hendrick, P. Sherwood Burge, William S. Beckett, and Andrew Churg. 638 pp., illustrated. London, W.B. Saunders, 2002. $159. 0-7020-2507-0
Authors: Lee S. Newman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Expression of the liver Na+-independent organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp-1) in rats with bile duct ligation
Authors: Micheline Dumont, Emmanuel Jacquemin, D'Hont Corinne, Christine Descout, Cresteil Danielle, Delphine Haouzi, Marc Desrochers, Bruno Stieger, Michelle Hadchouel, Serge Erlinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)