tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUINSY; THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
Authors: J. HOMER COULTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The fact that many presumable authorities use indiscriminately the terms tonsilitis and quinsy, has led me to attempt, if possible, to emphasize the differentiation so clearly brought out by Bosworth in his late work. He was, I believe, the first to make prominent the difference between the two conditions. Admitting that the symptoms are often analagous, even more so than are usually seen in other contiguous structures, yet because the pathology is comparatively open to inspection, the diagnosis should in the ordinary case be made with approximate certainty. Let us briefly observe the comparative anatomy of the parts; it may add somewhat to our etiologic theories. I do not find by dissection nor by any anatomic authority, that any of the muscular fibers from the palatoglossus or palatopharyngei muscles leave the striations of those muscles and branch off into the body of the tonsil; nor do they anastomose with each
A Practical Approach to Fasting Hypoglycemia
Authors: Kenneth S. Polonsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

FASTING hypoglycemia is a serious condition with the potential to cause substantial morbidity and even death. Because it has numerous causes, the approach to patients who have low plasma glucose levels during fasting may be confusing. This confusion can be obviated through an understanding of the physiologic principles that govern overall glucose economy.In resting adults, approximately two thirds of glucose use occurs in the central nervous system and the remainder in other tissues such as muscle, bone marrow, and kidney. During fasting, plasma glucose concentrations are maintained because the liver produces glucose, either by breaking down stored glycogen (glycogenolysis) . . .
Der p 1–induced CD4+FOXP3+GATA3+ T cells have suppressive properties and contribute to the polarization of the TH2-associated response
Authors: Lieke Reubsaet, Jenny Meerding, Rianne Giezeman, Ismé de Kleer, Bert Arets, Berent Prakken, Jeffrey Beekman, Femke van Wijk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Suicide After Restoration of Sight (Continued)
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a previous LETTER (<b>216</b>:678, 1971) I reported information sent to me by readers responding to my request for information about suicidal behavior in those to whom sight had been restored. This letter reports further communications I have received, both to those letters and to one I wrote to the<i>Sight-Saving Review</i>.<sup>1</sup> Dr. Marc Hollender (Nashville, Tenn) reported a case of a woman who became psychotic and suicidal following operations that restored an appreciable amount of vision that had been lost in early childhood. The response of this patient to cortisone has been published.<sup>2</sup>Dr. Harry Unfug (Fort Collins, Colo) reported the case of a man who received an occipital lobe injury from a car crash that resulted in temporary blindness. While he was blind, he confabulated to hide his blindness and would describe what he was "seeing." Later when his sight began to return
Orally administered polypodium leucotomos extract decreases psoralen-UVA–induced phototoxicity, pigmentation, and damage of human skin
Authors: Maritza A Middelkamp-Hup, Madhu A Pathak, Concepcion Parrado, Tomas Garcia-Caballero, Francisca Rius-Díaz, Thomas B Fitzpatrick, Salvador González
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology
Authors: Charley J. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

During the remarkable period of the evolution of rheumatology over the past 45 years, this comprehensive textbook has won a preeminent position as the classic and standard American treatise on arthritis and allied connective-tissue diseases. This well-earned reputation for excellence has not only been maintained but improved in this latest revised tenth edition. The editor, Daniel J. McCarty, MD, an esteemed rheumatologist highly respected for his research on crystal-induced synovitis and an experienced writer, has been assisted by 116 universally respected authors. This prestigious one-volume source book has been largely rewritten, brought up-to-date, and enlarged by the additions of 30 new contributors and 16 new chapters. The long list of distinguished contributors reads like Who's Who in the rapidly expanding specialty of American rheumatology.  The organization of this volume into clear sections has followed that used in previous editions but has been vastly expanded to incorporate the complete spectrum of
PROGNOSIS; ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE.ORATION ON MEDICINE AT THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 7 TO 10, 1904.
Authors: GEORGE DOCK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The topic I have ventured to bring before you is "Prognosis; Its Theory and Practice." As a text, let me quote from the oldest work we have on this subject,<sup>1</sup>which, though old, still has the freshness and modernism that genius gives to human productions: It appears to me [said the Father of Medicine] a most excellent thing for the physician to cultivate prognosis; for by foreseeing and foretelling, in the presence of the sick, the present, the past and the future, and explaining the omissions which patients have been guilty of, he will be the more readily believed to be acquainted with the circumstances of the sick; so that men will have confidence to entrust themselves to such a physician. And he will manage the cure best who has foreseen what is to happen from the present state of matters. For it is impossible to make
The nuclear industry family study: linkage of occupational exposures to reproduction and child health
Authors: N. Maconochie, P. Doyle, E. Roman, G. Davies, P. G Smith, V. Beral
Journal: BMJ (1999)

participated in data collection, and contributed to the paper.FOSF participated in the design and execution of the study, collected data, and discussed the interpretation of the findings.CMSM initiated the project, discussed ethical issues of the study and its design, collected data, and contributed to the paper.RAF participated in study design, data collection, and interpretation of results and contributed to the paper.RDGT initiated the formulation of the primary study hypothesis, discussed core ideas, and participated in the protocol design, analysis, and interpretation of the data and editing the paper.DAW initiated and coordinated the formulation of the main hypothesis, discussed core issues, participated in the design of the protocol, discussed the interpretation of the findings, and participated in the writing of the paper.
Use of tiotropium Respimat versus HandiHaler and mortality in patients with COPD
Authors: Christian N. Meyer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Verhamme et al. [1] recently compared the possible mortality effect of two delivery systems of tiotropium in their Dutch observational cohort study of 11 287 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) first-time users of tiotropium in primary care. They concluded that “until further data become available, physicians should be aware that patients with arrhythmia or a history of cardiovascular disease might be particularly at risk” when using tiotropium Respimat [1]. Although arrhythmia, renal disease and certain cardiac diseases are relative contraindications of tiotropium and, clinically, it may be important to consider whether an increased mortality risk in such patients with these relatively contraindicative comorbidities overrides the additional well-being of the bronchodilatation effect of tiotropium therapy. The evidence on this question is sparse or not available; thus independent randomised trials may be needed. Several publications have considered the pro-arrhythmogenic character and possible detrimental dose-dependent effects of anticholinergics in COPD patients with co-incident cardiac disease or renal disease (assigned to decreased drug excretion). A recent publication found that a large proportion of real life COPD patients (38%) may have such comorbidity and, therefore, be ineligible for inclusion in the previously performed randomised controlled trials [2].

In the Dutch study [1], no statistical significant difference in mortality rate was found in patients …
The Bourbaki Gambit
Authors: Charles Radey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>The Bourbaki Gambit</i>is a novel about the doing of 20th-century molecular science. It is also an excursion by a distinguished scientist into the country of the humanities. If science is the world of outer objective reality, then art is the domain of inner subjective reality. The two worlds do not easily blend, as thinking and feeling sometimes seem divergent and immiscible. So in this book we have the experience and sensibilities of a scientist directed toward the inner motivations of human behavior, toward characters in action, toward an unfolding narrative. This "science in fiction" story is told through the voice and mind of one Max Weiss, a Princeton researcher who has just been ungraciously nudged toward what he sees as the ignominy of emeritus status. Through an apparent chance meeting on a beach with Diana Doyle-Ditmus, an erstwhile humanist with a penchant for French history, the pair hatch a
Quality standards for deputising services
Authors: D. Cragg, L. Hallam
Journal: BMJ (1994)

New proposals for remunerating general practitioners for out of hours services seem likely to reverse the decline in the use of deputising services that followed the introduction in 1990 of two rates of fees for night visits.In 1989, 46% of night visits were undertaken by deputies.'By 1993 only 34% of night visits attracted the lower fee paid for calls made by deputies or those in a cooperative service.
Monitoring Metabolic Control in Diabetic Outpatients with Glycosylated Hemoglobin
Authors: GUENTHER BODEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The usefulness of HbA1 as a monitor of metabolic control was studied in 15 diabetic outpatients during periods of stable, deteriorating, and improving control. Mean fasting concentrations of HbA1 and plasma glucose during a 3-month period of stable control were 12.6% ± 0.8% and 120 ± 8 mg/dL, respectively. One week after discontinuation of oral hypoglycemic therapy, blood glucose had risen to 172 ± 23 mg/dL and HbA1 to 14.1% ± 0.7% (P < 0.025). Reinstitution of therapy resulted in a significant fall of blood glucose within 2 weeks. A significant decline in HbA1 (from 15.3% ± 0.8% to 14.1% ± 0.9%, P < 0.025) occurred 2 weeks later. The data show that the rate of formation of HbA1 is considerably faster than its rate of disappearance. Thus, HbA1 is likely to reflect disproportionally recent episodes of poor control. We conclude that HbA1 is useful to monitor diabetic outpatients during periods of stable and rapidly deteriorating control but is not suited to detect rapid metabolic improvements.
Older people and the “patient centred” NHS: Choice for mentally ill patients will be even less with new legislation
Authors: David G Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Rowland and Pollock highlight another of the inequities of the NHS plan, with its heavy emphasis on acute hospital waiting and admission times, and the consequent impact on frail and chronically ill elderly people.1

Elderly mental health beds will not be included in the delayed …
Itch, sneeze and wheeze: the genetics of atopic allergy
Authors: A. Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In many developed countries over one-fifth of the population are affected by one or more atopic allergic disorders. Several time-trend studies indicate that the prevalence and severity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma is rapidly increasing1,2,3; and this observation, coupled with the widespread geographical variations in disease prevalence noted by the International Studies of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, points to the strong contribution of environment to the aetiology4. However, the tendency of atopic allergic conditions to cluster both within individuals and within families suggests that genetic factors are also important.

Asthma is a condition characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and lower airway hyper-responsiveness, which results in episodic cough, wheeze and shortness of breath5. Inflammation of the nasal passages, manifesting as sneezing, nasal blockage and itchy rhinorrhoea, is the symptom complex known as rhinitis6. Eczema is the commonest cause of dermatitis in developed countries and affects approximately 20% of the general population7. The distribution of eczematous lesions varies with age, the face and trunk being most affected in infants whereas the flexor aspects of the limbs are typically affected in older children and adults. Advances in our understanding of the immunobiology of these disorders have shown them to have a common pathophysiological basis—an exaggerated and inappropriate IgE-mediated inflammation in response to allergen exposure—referred to as atopy8. The absence of objective and reliable criteria for defining either atopy or the atopic allergic conditions (eczema, rhinitis and asthma) has been and continues to be a major obstacle to establishing the genetic basis of atopic disorders.

This review is based in the main on articles retrieved by searching Medline, EMBASE and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) electronic databases. Key websites of possible relevance were also searched9, including those of the British Society for Human Genetics10, the European Society for Human Genetics11, and the Human Mutation Database12. Allergy and genetic texts were consulted, and the analysis was helped by personal contacts with several experts on human genetics.
Tuberculous Broncho-oesophageal Fistula in a Child
Authors: E. A. Danino, C. J. Evans, J. H. Thomas
Journal: Thorax (1955)

The development of a fistula between the oeso- phagus and a stem bronchus or one of its sub- divisions is rare when malignant disease is excluded.Of the 670 cases of broncho-oesophageal fistula collected from the literature by Monserrat (1941) only 41 were due to infection and 40 to trauma, while 367 were due to neoplasm and 222 to congenital defect.Coleman and Bunch (1950) suggest the following classification:A. Congenital.
Interurban Clinical Clubs—A Suggestion.
Authors: William Osler
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Baltimore, May 12, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The remarkable success which has attended the Society of Clinical Surgery suggested to me the organization of a small clinical club among a few of the younger men in the eastern cities. I write now to urge the formation of similar clubs in different parts of the country. The objects should be: The promotion of the scientific study of disease among the younger men. Demonstration of methods of teaching and of work. The encouragement of good fellowship among men working at the same problems. The clubs should be small, not more than twenty or thirty members, so that all could see the demonstrations, etc. No papers should be read. Methods of work and of teaching should be specially dealt with, and as far as possible the men visiting a city should follow the routine of the day in the school at which the
MANAGEMENT OF COUGH IN DAILY PRACTICE
Authors: Andrew L. Banyai
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Cough is one of the most frequent symptoms for which the patient seeks medical attention. Although cough can be produced voluntarily, it is, in its spontaneous form, a reflex function of the body. Its purpose is the removal of accumulated mucus, inflammatory exudates, products of circulatory stagnation, extravasated blood, or foreign bodies from the respiratory tract and to rid the body of irritation of any sort originating in the air passages. Its most frequent sources are diseases of the lung, the throat, and the heart. For the intelligent and efficient treatment of cough, it is mandatory to search for its cause and institute appropriate measures accordingly. The multiplicity of lesions that may elicit cough should be recognized. Pathological changes in any part of the respiratory system, whether of mechanical, toxic, infectious, allergic, neoplastic, or other origin, may provoke cough.  It is reasonable to assume that the forces of coughing are
Factors Influencing Adenovirus-Mediated Airway Transduction in Fetal Mice
Authors: S.M.K. Buckley, S.N. Waddington, S. Jezzard, L. Lawrence, H. Schneider, M.V. Holder, M. Themis, C. Coutelle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Intra-amniotic injection of adenovirus allows transduction of the fetal airways following natural fetal breathing movements. This administration method is promising for use in gene therapy for cystic fibrosis and other diseases for which the main target for exogenous gene expression is the lung. Here we have investigated factors that may affect the efficacy of gene transfer to the murine fetal lung. We examined marker compound distribution and transgene expression (from a first-generation adenoviral vector) at different stages of development. This demonstrated that fetal breathing movements at 15-16 days of gestation are of sufficient intensity to carry marker/vector into the fetal lungs. These movements can be significantly stimulated by the combination of intra-amniotic theophylline administration and postoperative exposure of the dam to elevated CO(2) levels. However, the most important factor for efficient and consistent pulmonary transgene delivery is the dose of adenoviral vector used, as both the degree of transduction and the percentage of lungs transduced increases with escalating viral dose.
Delayed-Enhanced MR Scar Imaging and Intraprocedural Registration Into an Electroanatomical Mapping System in Post-Infarction Patients
Authors: Sanjaya Gupta, Benoit Desjardins, Timir Baman, Karl Ilg, Eric Good, Thomas Crawford, Hakan Oral, Frank Pelosi, Aman Chugh, Fred Morady, Frank Bogun
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
What is it acceptable to die of?
Authors: N. W Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The issue of 15 February was indeed thought provoking. Having had a recent series of four articles in the journal, the Rationing Agenda Group aired yet more of its ideas,1 2 while authors of letters showed just how impossible it will be to reach any consensus. In one of these letters J Dunstan asked that a minimum requirement for a civilised health system should be that people …
Inhibition of EGFR Signaling: All Mutations Are Not Created Equal
Authors: Adi F Gazdar, John D Minna
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Tyrosine kinases (TKs) are found only in metazoans, where they regulate multiple critical multicellular functions, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion, and mobility [ 1]. As these functions also play critical roles in tumorigenesis, TKs are the prototypical class of oncogenes involved in many human malignancies. Of the 90 TKs, 58 are receptor TKs grouped into 20 subfamilies, while the others are non-receptor TKs grouped into ten subfamilies.
GEOMETRY OF ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITANT JET: A COLOR DOPPLER REAL-TIME THREE DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Eiji Kuwahara, Masaki Izumo, Yoko Fukuoka, Takeji Saito, Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert J. Siegel, Chuwa Tei, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Clinical epidemiology of 960 patients with invasive aspergillosis from the PATH Alliance registry
Authors: William J. Steinbach, Kieren A. Marr, Elias J. Anaissie, Nkechi Azie, Shun-Ping Quan, Herwig-Ulf Meier-Kriesche, Senu Apewokin, David L. Horn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Report of the Working Party of the Endoscopy Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology on the reuse of endoscopic accessories
Authors: M WILKINSON, N SIMMONS, M BRAMBLE, R LEICESTER, J D’SILVA, R BOYS, R GRAY
Journal: Gut (1998)

There is a long tradition in the UK of reusing all endoscopic accessories until they break or are degraded to an unusable extent, regardless of manufacturers’ recommendations. This has stemmed largely from a desire to eke out the meagre funds generally allotted to gastroenterology/endoscopy departments for equipment. This attitude has been changing gradually, with the increasing sale of single use items, for example, varices injection needles, but the scene has been changed completely since the publication of the Medical Devices Agency Bulletin, MDA DB 9501, in January 19951 and the implementation of the European Medical Devices Directive.2 

The former bulletin states that products labelled as single use: “...should not be reprocessed and reused unless the reprocessor:





 Users who disregard this information and prepare single use products for further use, without due precautions, may be transferring legal liability for the safe performance of the product from the manufacturer to themselves, or to the organisation that employs them. ”

The EEC document examined the whole question of the suitability of medical devices for their purposes and promulgated the system of CE marking which has been implemented from 1 January 1995 and, following a transition period, will be mandatory from 14 June 1998. This directive refers in Annex IX, 1.3 to a reusable surgical instrument as one: …
SOME OBSERVATIONS, LARGELY PESSIMISTIC, ON THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: HENRY A. CHRISTIAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In past years, much work has been done with a view to developing methods for the early diagnosis of cancer of the stomach, but it would seem fair to say that very little real progress has been made, in the sense of perfecting methods that give a diagnosis of these cases when the disease is actually in an early stage. No one would question that we make more accurate diagnoses, largely aided by the roentgen ray; but, unfortunately, the bulk of our cases of cancer of the stomach, when diagnosed, are too advanced for there to be any great hope of cure, and often they are too advanced for surgery to offer any real help in amelioration of symptoms. In passing over in a mental review my own hospital experience with patients having stomach disturbances productive of symptoms, two things impress me: (1) that most cases of cancer of the
PDE-5 inhibitors lower portal and pulmonary pressure in portopulmonary hypertension
Authors: P. Deibert, H. Bremer, M. Roessle, A-K. Kurz-Schmieg, W. Kreisel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

association.Another explanation could be the higher prevalence of ACE inhibitor-induced cough in Chinese subjects, as shown by CHAN et al. [6].It is possible that ACE inhibitors are also protective in non-Asian populations.However, larger populations may be necessary to confirm such an effect.Further studies on the relationship between angiotensinconverting enzyme and pneumonia in predominantly white populations are currently being undertaken in our department.