tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atenolol: side effects in a newborn infant
Authors: A. M Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

As long as the cervix is unfavourable, oxytocin is of doubtful value and the high dosages required may lead to water intoxication.Therefore, systemic or local administration of prostaglandins is preferred.We have obtained excellent results with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E,,1 and others have reported successes with intracervical instillation of a single dose of 0 5 mg prostaglandin E, sus- pended in viscous gel.2Intravaginal prostaglandin F2e (2-5 mg) gel shortens labour con- siderably without increasing fetal distress or hypertonicity.3Once the membranes have ruptured, however, insertion of a catheter into the extra-amniotic space is technically impossible (A Calder, personal communica- tion), and the results obtained with oral prostaglandin E2 are contradictory.4One new technique that might reduce the risk of infection deserves mention-that is, continuous intravaginal infusion (lavage) of a weak solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine (Iso-Betadine).This method was originally proposed by Saling,6 and prelimin- ary results are encouraging.
Memory CD4+ T cells protect against influenza through multiple synergizing mechanisms
Authors: K. Kai McKinstry, Tara M. Strutt, Yi Kuang, Deborah M. Brown, Stewert Sell, Richard W. Dutton, Susan L. Swain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Memory CD4+ T cells combat viral infection and contribute to protective immune responses through multiple mechanisms, but how these pathways interact is unclear. We found that several pathways involving memory CD4+ T cells act together to effectively clear influenza A virus (IAV) in otherwise unprimed mice. Memory CD4+ T cell protection was enhanced through synergy with naive B cells or CD8+ T cells and maximized when both were present. However, memory CD4+ T cells protected against lower viral doses independently of other lymphocytes through production of IFN-γ. Moreover, memory CD4+ T cells selected for epitope-specific viral escape mutants via a perforin-dependent pathway. By deconstructing protective immunity mediated by memory CD4+ T cells, we demonstrated that this population simultaneously acts through multiple pathways to provide a high level of protection that ensures eradication of rapidly mutating pathogens such as IAV. This redundancy indicates the need for reductionist approaches for delineating the individual mechanisms of protection mediated by memory CD4+ T cells responding to pathogens.
Oregon's plans to legalise suicide assisted by a doctor
Authors: M. A Lee, S. W Tolle
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Oregon voters' approval of Ballot Measure 16 in last November's election marked the first time that suicide assisted by a doctor had been legalised anywhere in the world. Although an injunction currently bars the law, its passage by the electorate suggests that American attitudes towards suicide assisted by a doctor are shifting gradually towards acceptance.1 Surveys suggest that the attitudes of American doctors2 3 4 5 are also shifting—as they are in many other countries.

If the injunction is lifted the new law in Oregon will allow a primary care doctor to prescribe a lethal dose of drugs for a terminally ill adult patient who asks for it in order to give himself or herself an overdose. The doctor has the right to decline. The patient must be a resident of Oregon who is competent, informed, and expected to die within six months. A second doctor must confirm the prognosis. The patient must make two oral requests, separated by a 15 day waiting period, and one written request. …
Presence of epidermal-derived thymocyte activating factor/interleukin 1 in normal human stratum corneum.
Authors: L C Gahring, A Buckley, R A Daynes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Keratinocytes produce a molecule, epidermal-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), which is biologically and physiochemically similar to the polypeptide hormone interleukin 1 (IL-1). Because the stratum corneum (SC) is composed of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, we questioned whether ETAF/IL-1 could be isolated from this tissue. The extraction of normal human SC with a physiologic saline solution yielded a large amount of ETAF/IL-1 activity, as measured by the in vitro thymocyte co-stimulator assay. SC-derived ETAF/IL-1 (scETAF/IL-1) eluted from a sizing column with an approximate molecular weight of 15,000, and demonstrated three isoelectric point forms after separation on a chromatofocusing column. By these physiochemical characteristics, scETAF/IL-1 was found to be similar, if not identical to human keratinocyte- and macrophage-derived ETAF/IL-1. Further, a number of biologic effects known to occur in vivo after the administration of ETAF/IL-1, such as fever, neutrophilia, and an increase in plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, were all induced by the injection of scETAF/IL-1 into endotoxin-nonresponsive mice. scETAF/IL-1 was also found to stimulate collagenase production by human fibroblasts in vitro. In summary, our studies have established that normal human SC contains a large quantity of scETAF/IL-1. Whether scETAF/IL-1 integrates into the earliest afferents phases of local inflammatory responses, or merely represents a means of disposal of excessively produced hormone is currently unresolved.
"Taken from this place and hanged by the neck...".
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

or as absolute values at 12 weeks, showed a surprising lack of correlation with long term survival.This study does, however, have some important limitations.The most obvious is that the sample size is too small to support reliable conclusions about the relative importance of the different markers considered, particularly given the variability of marker measurements.A second limitation is that all patients were treated with zidovudine, preventing direct assessment of the degree to which marker changes were therapeutically induced.Thirdly, these results may not apply at all to drugs that have different mechanisms of action.None the less, these data do begin to suggest that for zidovudine or similar drugs biological markers may be useful in establishing therapeutic efficacy.Additional investigations of this sort are urgently needed.Particularly important will be analyses on the ever growing bodies of data from completed clinical trials, especially those trials with placebo controls.Careful examination of larger data sets will be needed to confirm the general principle suggested here-that marker values can serve as meaningful end points in drug trials -and to clarify the roles of the various markers that have been studied.
Liver X receptor mediates hepatitis B virus X protein-induced lipogenesis in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tae-Young Na, Young Kee Shin, Kyung Jin Roh, Shin-Ae Kang, Il Hong, Sae Jin Oh, Je Kyung Seong, Cheol Keun Park, Yoon La Choi, Mi-Ock Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Although hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been implicated in abnormal lipid metabolism in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–associated hepatic steatosis, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Liver X receptor (LXR) plays an important role in regulating the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis. Here we demonstrate that LXRα and LXRβ mediate HBV-associated hepatic steatosis. We have found that HBx induces the expression of LXR and its lipogenic target genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and this is accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets. RNA interference with LXR expression decreases the amount of lipid droplets as well as the expression of the lipogenic genes, and this indicates that HBx-induced lipogenesis is LXR-dependent. LXRα and HBx colocalize in the nucleus and are physically associated. HBx induces the transactivation function of LXRα by recruiting CREB binding protein to the promoter of the target gene. Furthermore, we have observed that expression of LXR is increased in the livers of HBx-transgenic mice. Finally, there is a significant increase in the expression of LXRβ ( P = 0.036), SREBP-1c ( P = 0.008), FAS, and stearoyl–coenyzme A desaturase-1 ( P = 0.001) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison with adjacent nontumorous nodules in human HBV-associated HCC specimens. Conclusion: Our results suggest a novel association between HBx and LXR that may represent an important mechanism explaining HBx-induced hepatic lipogenesis during HBV-associated hepatic carcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2009.)
Adverse drug reactions as cause of admission to hospital: Alcohol and other non-prescribed drugs may have impact on adverse drug reactions
Authors: Edwina R L Williams, Ruth E Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Competing interests: At the time of the study, AMB was chairman of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and now is chairman of the MHRA.MP is a member of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and of the subcommittee on pharmacovigilance.
Management of Unresolved Hypnotic Trances as Forms of Acute Psychiatric Emergencies
Authors: BRUCE L. DANTO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Two cases of hypnotic subjects who had to be "rehypnotized" to be brought out of their trances are described. Some background information regarding their cases as well as observations about hypnotic subjects are reviewed to help understand why they remained in fixed trances. The method of bringing them out of their trances is described, and recommendations for post-treatment follow-up care are made.
Coronary Vasoconstrictive Effects of Neuropeptide Y and Their Modulation by the ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel in Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: Etsuro Tanaka, Hidezo Mori, Mitsuaki Chujo, Akihiko Yamakawa, Minhaz U Mohammed, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Kosuke Tobita, Takafumi Sekka, Kunihisa Ito, Hiroe Nakazawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Prafulla Kumar Ganguli
Authors: S. G. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Prafulla Kumar Ganguli was born on the 21 December 1925 in Calcutta, India. His father was a sports writer for a Calcutta newspaper, but it was his grandfather, a headmaster of a local school, who encouraged the young Prafulla to aim for a university education and career in medicine. He attended the Mitra Institution in Calcutta, from where he went …
Lumbar disc surgery.
Authors: R Austin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

pharyngeal wall or uvula, and an anterior lingual polyp of this kind was reported by Miller and Owens.'It should probably be regarded as a congenital malformation, as was the nasopharyngeal nodule described by Kesson,2 rather than as a teratoma, which is a true tumour or neoplasm composed of multiple tissues of kinds foreign to the part in which it arises.The midline of the posterior part of the tongue is certainly a most unusual site for such a polyp and probably gave rise to the polyhydramnios by interfering with fetal swallowing.It is worth noting that solid tumours in the mouth occasionally cause problems of resuscitation in the newborn infant and, if pedunculated, may readily be removed in the delivery room.
A Remarkable Medicine Has Been Overlooked
Authors: James J. Brophy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>The Broad Range of Clinical Use of Phenytoin: Bioelectrical Modulator, Bibliography and Review, by Barry H. Smith, Samuel Bogoch, and Jack Dreyfus, 252 pp, Dreyfus Medical Foundation, 1988</h3> . There are no certainties as to the ultimate role of phenytoin in the practice of medicine, but there is no doubt that Jack Dreyfus merits unqualified esteem for his philanthropy. These two books, recently sent to all physicians in the United States, are the culmination of 25 years of efforts to increase the awareness of the multiple uses of phenytoin beyond that of an anticonvulsant drug. <i>A Remarkable Medicine Has Been Overlooked</i>was initially published in 1981 and, now reissued, is a recounting of the author's personal experiences in the use of phenytoin. This highly personalized iteration started with a depression in 1957 that lasted for about a year and remitted within several days after moderate doses of phenytoin were administered. The
Economic and Policy Implications of Early Intervention in HIV Disease
Authors: Peter S. Arno
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Early medical intervention in human immunodeficiency virus disease has far-reaching implications for the health care system of the United States. Several factors are enabling the medical community to begin intervention prior to a patient's diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These factors include an understanding of the biologic markers of disease progression; advances in antiviral therapeutics; and an improved ability to control the most common presenting opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Providing adequate ambulatory care for large numbers of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals and coordinating inner-city health care facilities will become critical. Important questions regarding service provision need to be adequately addressed. The cost of yearly treatment, estimated to be $5 billion per year, will require a major financial commitment at all levels of government and the private sector. Effective early intervention in human immunodeficiency virus disease may alter the course of one of the most devastating epidemics in modern history. Planning for its implementation should begin immediately.The promise of early intervention in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease to slow or prevent its progression to AIDS has far-reaching implications for health care in the United States. Medical advances could bring tens of thousands of asymptomatic seropositive individuals into the health care system. The demand for HIV testing, counseling, laboratory monitoring, medications, and overall primary health care will be great, particularly among previously underserved groups such as intravenous drug users and the urban poor. Treatment of HIV positive patients could cost as much as $5 billion per year, and would require a major financial commitment from all levels of government as well as from the private sector. The authors call for rational planning for early intervention in HIV disease to avoid the crisis-driven policy making that has characterized the AIDS epidemic until now.
Dysregulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: C Desbois-Mouthon
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

It has been reported that upstream components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis could be overexpressed during hepatocarcinogenesis in humans and rodents. However, the signal transduction pathways activated downstream have been poorly studied. Here, we examined whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) could be a target in human hepatoma cell lines and transgenic ASV mice with hepatic expression of the SV40 large T antigen. In HuH7, Mahlavu, and Hep3B cells, basal levels of GSK-3βSer9 phosphorylation were strongly elevated, indicating that GSK-3β was inhibited. GSK-3β phosphorylation was insensitive to exogenous IGFs and was blocked with an IGF-1 receptorneutralizing antibody in Mahlavu and Hep3B cells. By using LY294002 and ML-9, which act as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and Akt inhibitors, respectively, we showed that GSK-3β phosphorylation required P13-K activation in both cell lines whereas downstream Akt activation was required only in Mahlavu cells. However, in the 2 cell lines, GSK-3βSer9 phosphorylation was controlled by protein kinase C (PKC)ξ because it was blocked by an inhibitory PKCξ peptide. The blockage of GSK-3β phosphorylation markedly inhibited glycogen synthesis and decreased β-catenin expression. In addition, the overexpression of a constitutively active GSK-3β reduced AP-1-mediated gene transcription in Hep3B cells. Finally, we observed that reexpression of IGF-2 in tumoral livers from ASV mice was associated with a marked phosphorylation of GSK-3β. In conclusion, our results identify GSK-3β as a molecular target of the constitutive activation of the IGF axis in in vitro and in vivo models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Persistent phosphorylation of GSK-3β could be critical for regulation of glycogen metabolism and cell growth in hepatoma cells. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1528–1536).
Hyperfibrinolysis in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome with leukemic spread of mast cells
Authors: F. Wimazal, W.R. Sperr, H.-P. Horny, V. Carroll, B.R. Binder, C. Fonatsch, S. Walchshofer, M. F�dinger, I. Schwarzinger, P. Samorapoompichit, A. Chott, A.M. Dvorak, K. Lechner, P. Valent
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Mast cells (MC) are multipotent hemopoietic effector cells producing diverse mediators like histamine, heparin, or tissue type plasminogen activator. We report a 75-year-old male patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) of recent onset (3 months' history) associated with a massive leukemic spread of immature tryptase+ MC (tentative term: myelomastocytic leukemia). The patient presented with pancytopenia, bleeding, hypofibrinogenemia, and an increased cellular tryptase level. Moreover, an excessive elevation of plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (9,200 ng/ml; normal range: 10–150), an elevated D-dimer, and an increase in thrombin-antithrombin III complexes were found. The identity of the circulating MC was confirmed by immunophenotyping (CD117/c-kit+, CD123/IL-3Rα−, CD11b/C3biR−), biochemical analysis (cellular ratio [ng:ng] of tryptase to histamine >1), and electron microscopy. Bone marrow (bm) examination showed trilineage dysplasia (17% blasts), 30% diffusely scattered MC, and a complex karyotype. No dense, compact MC infiltrates (mastocytosis) were detectable in bm sections. Despite hyperfibrinolysis and mediator syndrome (flushing, headache), the patient received remission induction polychemotherapy (DAV) followed by two cycles of consolidation with intermediate dose ARA-C (2 × 1 g/m2/day on days 1, 3, and 5). He entered complete remission after the first chemotherapy cycle without evidence of recurring MDS. Moreover, in response to chemotherapy, the hyperfibrinolysis and mediator syndrome resolved, and the circulating c-kit+ MC disappeared. We suggest consideration of polychemotherapy as a therapeutic option in patients with high-risk MDS of recent onset, even in the case of MC lineage involvement. Am. J. Hematol. 61:66–77, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CONGENITALLY ABSENT GALLBLADDER
Authors: William Lintz
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —In his article on congenitally absent gallbladder inThe Journal, August 27, Dr. Golob refers to my article entitled Cholecystography and Lyon Meltzer Test in a Patient with a Congenitally Absent Gallbladder ( Am. J. M. Sc . 173 :682 [May] 1927). I sincerely appreciate the honor Dr. Golob confers on me by quoting my article, but I believe that he missed the crux of the situation, because the surgeon, as I had stated in my article, had very carefully examined for dilatation of the biliary ducts, but no dilatation of the ducts could be found. The B bile (the bile which is supposed to come from the gallbladder) could therefore not have come from dilated ducts.
Abstract 4344: Ionizing radiation induces adhesion of breast cancer cells to fibronectin through upregulation of integrin alpha5beta1
Authors: Shinhee Lee, Huiwen Cheng, Shiyong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastatic cancer is marked by the loss of integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion of tumor cells to the ECM mediated by integrins on the surface of the tumor cells is a key step in the initial phase of metastasis. Since ionizing radiation (IR), which is commonly used for cancer therapy can induce alterations of the cell surface, we investigated the effect of IR on the adhesion of breast cancer cells to ECM proteins. Results showed that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, IR induced significant increase in both integrin expression and integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin, laminin, collagen I and IV. Soluble Arg-Gly-Asp peptide fragments or function-blocking antibodies directed against integrin alpha5beta1 inhibited IR-induced adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to fibronectin, indicating that IR-induced adhesion is caused by up-regulation of alpha5beta1 integrin fibronectin receptors. In contrast to MDA-MB-231 cells harboring mutant p53 (R280K), MCF-7 cells (WT p53) were unable to increase adhesion and up-regulation of alpha5beta1 integrin. Interestingly, knockdown of mutant p53 abrogated IR-induced integrin alpha5 integrin expression and adhesion to fibronectin. Our results indicate that mutant p53 coordinates breast cancer cell adhesion through up-regulation of alpha5beta1 integrin. This study suggests that alpha5beta1 integrin might be an effective target to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in mutant p53 expressing cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4344. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4344
Liposomal PGE-1 adjunctive treatment for acute myocardial infarction: final results of the LIFT pilot trial
Authors: R.W. Smalling, R.P. Karlsberg, R. Werner, D.G. Ebersole, U. Thadani, E. Bates, G.B. Habib, D. Moliterno, Y.C. Park, J.J. Freitag
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Mitochondria as common endpoints in early and late preconditioning
Authors: G TAIMOR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

See article by Rajesh et al. [5] (pages 297–307) in this issue.

Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which short periods of non-lethal ischemia protect the heart against subsequent prolonged ischemic periods. This protective effect, caused by ischemic preconditioning (IPC), has two windows: The early window protects the heart against damage caused by an immediately subsequent, prolonged ischemia and lasts up to 2 to 3 hours, whereas the second window of IPC protects against prolonged ischemia, reappearing 24 hours after the preceding IPC and lasting 3 to 4 days. This extended duration of late preconditioning makes it an ideal target for therapeutic use, and its underlying mechanisms have therefore been the subject of extensive research during recent years.

It became obvious that late preconditioning can be induced by a wide variety of stimuli, i.e. … 

*Tel.: +49-641-9947-246; fax: +49-641-9947-219. gerhild.taimor{at}physiologie.med.uni-giessen.de
The Relevance of Sensitivity to Chromate in Women
Authors: E. J. Feuerman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article The Relevance of Sensitivity to Chromate in Women Get access E. J. Feuerman E. J. Feuerman Department of Dermatology, Beilinson Hospital, Tel Aviv University Medical School Petah Tikva, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 2, 1 February 1970, Pages 205a–206, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15017.x Published: 01 February 1970
Pressure group pleads for a healthy planet
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Supplies of drinking water to nearly 1 in 10 people in Britain have a lead content higher than the safety standard set by the World Health Organisation, says the environmental pressure group Friends of the Earth in its latest report aimed at persuading the government to do more towards achieving sustainable development.

The British government, along with other governments around the world, has stated its commitment to sustainable development--defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development as “meeting the needs of the present generation without …