tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH UNILATERAL RENAL DISEASE
Authors: REED M. NESBIT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Recent advances in our knowledge of the underlying causes of hypertension are increasing the interest of the entire medical profession in that often fatal disease.  Evidence is accumulating which suggests that many patients with essential hypertension may be improved or perhaps cured by neurosurgical operations. In this group of patients the neurophysiologic background of the disease is little understood, and certainly the manner in which improvement or cure is effected after operation has not been elucidated. Certain failures after these operations may occasionally be traced to errors in diagnosis in that the hypertension is not of the so-called essential type but is found to result from a definite organic lesion.  Since Goldblatt's demonstration of a renal origin for hypertension clinicians have sought to demonstrate a causal relationship between various organic lesions of the kidney and abnormal elevations of the blood pressure. The clinical demonstration that such causal relationships do exist
Night Calls: The Personal Journey of an Ob/Gyn
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1988)

According to its publicist, first serial rights for this little tome have been reserved for<i>Cosmopolitan, the New York Times Magazine</i>, and the<i>Star</i>, and, as I interpret it, the work is a self-analysis of the life and dreams of a Syracuse, NY, obstetrician-gynecologist and a narrative of his transformation from "a God" to an empathic, humanistic physician.<i>Night Calls</i>is indeed an autobiography, which takes the first author through high school, college, medical school, postgraduate training, and, ultimately, private practice in our specialty. It is obviously geared to a lay readership. Dr Eisenberg with his coauthors describes his evolution from an unyielding, authoritarian figure to a compassionate physician so changed in his conduct of patient management as to bring him peace and contentment—well and good. I have, however, some problems with his story. Our central figure is a typical product of the midcentury medical education with which so many
Commentary on "Taurine and the heart"
Authors: R. J HUXTABLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Commentary on “Taurine and the heart” Get access RYAN J HUXTABLE RYAN J HUXTABLE Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 8572, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Page 537, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.537 Published: 01 March 1993
Immunocytochemical Detection of Desmin in Fat-Storing Cells (Ito Cells)
Authors: Yukio Yokoi, Toshihiko Namihisa, Hlroyuki Kuroda, Ikutoshi Komatsu, Akihisa Miyazaki, Sumio Watanabe, Koh Usui
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Desmin is a smooth muscle protein consisting of intermediate filaments. It is also present in other cell types. We obtained desmin antibodies from New Zealand white rabbits which were immunized with desmin following its extraction from chicken gizzard smooth muscle. By immunocytochemical methods, the antibody stained the Z-line of rat skeletal myofibrils and produced only one band with chicken gizzard desmin by immunoblotting. The antibody was specific for desmin, but was not tissue-specific. Wistar rat liver was studied by indirect immunoperoxidase and immunofluo-rescent methods using the antibody. Cells which reacted were diffusely distributed in the hepatic lobule, had stellate shape, bore elongated cytoplasmic extensions and contained few fat droplets. The fat droplets increased in size and amount after administration of vitamin A, and contained vitamin A as determined by ultraviolet exposure and gold impregnation. The fat-containing cells did not phagocytose carbon particles after injection of colloidal carbon and were, therefore, classified as fat-storing cells (Ito cells).
Ischaemic colitis and drug abuse.
Authors: A R Turnbull, P Isaacson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Renal venous renin concentrations before and after 200 mg of intravenous diazoxide, before and 25 days after repair of the ligated ureter.Renin expressed as ng/ml/min.Obstructed ureter After obstruction Before After Before After diazoxide diazoxide diazoxide diazoxide Right renal venous renin .
Exaggerated prostaglandin biosynthesis and its influence on renal resistance in the isolated hydronephrotic rabbit kidney.
Authors: K Nishikawa, A Morrison, P Needleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Basal and hormone-stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis was compared in isolated perfused rabbit kidneys with and without ureteral obstruction. At 72 h there was enhanced responsiveness to bradykinin in the ureter-obstructed hydronephrotic kidney. The amount of prostaglandin-like substance released from the perfused kidneys by 25 ng of bradykinin was 533+/-163 ng from the ureter-obstructed, 28+/-4 ng from the contralateral, and 26+/-3 ng from the normal kidney. The enhanced response was also noted with angiotensin II and with norepinephrine. This exaggerated responsiveness by the ureter-obstructed kidney could not be explained by decreased prostaglandin (PG) destruction or by decreased renal peptide inactivation (bradykinin or angiotensin). There was no enhanced PG biosynthesis with exogenous arachidonate, suggesting there was no increase in cyclo-oxygenase activity in the ureter-obstructed kidney. Renal tubular transport of PG from medulla to cortex was apparently not essential for the enhanced PG biosynthesis to hormone stimulation since the same exaggerated responses were noted during perfusion with the ureter ligated. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, increased basal perfusion pressure in the obstructed kidney and enhanced the magnitude and duration of the renal vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II in the hydronephrotic kidney. These results suggest that the local exaggerated biosynthesis of PG may be occurring in the cortical resistance vessels and may be important to the alteration in blood flow and excretory function that occur in ureteral obstruction.
Caring for the Poor: The Altruism of Physicians
Authors: Anne Scheetz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his commentary on financing medical care for the poor, Dr Ginzberg<sup>1</sup>says, "In many states physician reimbursement for Medicaid patients is so low... that only a small minority of physicians, and surely not the best trained, treat them." He goes on to admit that some competent physicians may be willing to care for the poor. Why does he make any link between training and competence on the one hand and willingness to provide poorly reimbursed care on the other? For those of us who choose to work in poor areas of the country it becomes a source of bitterness that some of our colleagues and some better-off patients assume that we would work for more money if we could. The reluctance of some patients either to associate with poor patients or to go to a physician who can do no better than to practice among
Expression of the recombinant group 2 allergen from Blomia tropicalis: Comparison of the immunoreactivity of Blo t 2 and Blo t 5
Authors: J Jared Christophel, Nadezda Hozic, L Karla Arruda, Fook Tim Chew, Thomas AE Platts-Mills, WL Wang, KT Kuay, Martin D Chapman, Alisa M Smith
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Extended Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation With the Orally Active Platelet Inhibitor SC-54684A
Authors: James A. Szalony, Neal F. Haas, Anita K. Salyers, Beatrice B. Taite, Nancy S. Nicholson, Devan V. Mehrotra, Larry P. Feigen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Platelet aggregation is important in thrombotic events, and platelets play a major role in the etiology of several cardiovascular diseases. Platelet aggregation requires the binding of fibrinogen (fgn) to activated platelets. Synthetic peptides modeled after the RGD binding sequence on the fgn α-chain block the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor for fgn and effectively inhibit aggregation. SC-54684A (SCp, orally active prodrug of the active moiety SC-54701, SCa) is a mimetic of the RGD-containing peptide sequence that is recognized by the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor. SCa blocks the binding of fgn to the platelet and therefore prevents platelet aggregation in response to all agonists. Methods and Results SCp was administered orally at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg in a single-dose, dose-ranging study. Blood samples were taken periodically for 24 hours, and platelet-rich plasma was prepared and tested for inhibition of ex vivo collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The plasma concentration of active moiety was determined by bioassay. The time, inhibition, and concentration data were used to predict two doses that would result in minimum daily inhibition levels of 30% and 70% when administered twice daily (0.6 and 2.4 mg/kg, respectively). SCp was administered orally to conscious dogs twice daily for 14 days (after dose adjustment). Blood samples were obtained at daily peak and trough plasma levels (predicted from dose-ranging study). Inhibition of ex vivo collagen-induced platelet aggregation and concentration of active moiety in the plasma were determined. Average inhibition of platelet aggregation and plasma concentration of active moiety amounted to approximately 21% and 14 ng/mL at 1.5 mg/kg BID and 75% and 24 ng/mL at 2.4 mg/kg BID at daily minimum plasma levels (trough) in steady state. Platelet counts in the 2.4-mg/kg group declined from 3.2×10 5 /μL to 2.5×10 5 /μL in the first 9 days of dosing, with no further decline despite continued administration of compound. No changes were observed in the animals receiving 1.5 mg/kg. Conclusions The results of the dose-ranging study show that oral administration of SCp results in dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. As shown in the 14-day administration, this dose-dependent inhibition can be maintained for an extended period while exhibiting no adverse effects. SCp is a leading candidate for development and is currently in clinical trials.
A Study of Human Leukocyte D Locus Related Antigens in Graves' Disease
Authors: Nadir R. Farid, Laura Sampson, Elke P. Noel, John M. Barnard, Robert Mandeville, Bodil Larsen, William H. Marshall, Nicholas D. Carter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

An association between Graves' disease and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has previously been reported. The disease was more strongly associated with the HLA D locus antigen Dw3 than with HLA B8. Products of the HLA D locus are determined by the interaction of test cells with standard typing lymphocytes, a technically difficult procedure. Recently, it has been possible to type serologically for D locus related (DRw) specificities on peripheral bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes. Blood B lymphocytes from 50 unrelated controls and 41 patients with Graves' disease were typed for seven HLA DRw specificities. 28 patients with Graves' disease (68%) were positive for DRw3, in contrast to 14 controls (28%); whereas only 21 patients (50%) were HLA B8 positive, compared with 13 (26%) controls. Thus, positivity for DRw3 afforded a relative risk for Graves' disease of 5.5, whereas that for HLA B8 amounted to 3.0. Additionally, a family with multiple cases of Graves' disease in which the disease was previously shown to be inherited with the haplotype, was linked to DRw2, which suggests that the susceptibility to the disease was inherited in association with that antigen. Two HLA B/glyoxalase recombination events were observed in this family; in both instances HLA DRw followed HLA B. This study thus demonstrates that the disease susceptibility gene for Graves' disease is in strong linkage disequilibrium with DRw3; however, it may be associated with other DRw specificities and inherited within family units in association with them.
Randomized Comparison of Metabolic Control Achieved by Intraperitoneal Insulin Infusion With Implantable Pumps Versus Intensive Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy in Type I Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jean-Louis Selam, Denis Raccah, Nathalie Jean-Didier, Jim L Lozano, Ken Waxman, M Arthur Charles
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To compare intraperitoneal implantable insulin infusion (IP) to subcutaneous (SC) intensive insulin therapy. Research Design and Methods –Twenty-one insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients aged 24–61 yr underwent a 3-mo treatment optimization using multiple SC daily injections or external pumps. Patients were then randomized (time 0 mo) to IP infusion using Infusaid-programmable pumps or continuation on SC intensive insulin for 6 mo. Results –No differences were noted between study and control group data. However, longitudinal within-group comparisons from baseline showed that glycosylated hemoglobin improved to near-normal in both groups: IP, 9.0 ± 0.5 vs. 7.8 ± 0.6% (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and SC, 8.4 ± 0.5 vs. 7.5 ± 0.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.5) at 0 and 4 mo, respectively (normal &amp;lt; 6.9%). The percentage of blood glucose tests &amp;gt; 11 mM at 0 and 6 mo was 28 ± 5 vs. 16 ± 4% in the IP group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and 22 ± 5 vs. 24 ± 7% in the SC group (NS). At 0 and 6 mo, the standard deviation of blood glucose values, an index of glycemic fluctuations, was 4.3 ± 0.4 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 mM in the IP group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and 3.7 ± 0.3 vs. 4.0 ± 0.4 mM in the SC group (NS). Weight, insulin dosages, circulating lipid levels, and the frequency of severe hypoglycemic reactions and biochemical hypoglycemias were similar and did not change in the two groups. Conclusions –IP-implantable pumps compared with SC intensive insulin therapy have similar effects on most metabolic variables and are equally effective at achieving near-normal glycemic levels. Only longitudinal data suggest that IP treatment may be more effective at limiting glycemic fluctuations.
Spontaneous Arteriovenous Fistula Secondary to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Detected by Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: JUNICHI TAKI, TERUHIKO TAKAYAMA, SYOZOU ISHISE, RYOZOU TATAMI, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A spontaneous arteriovenous fistula secondary to an abdominal aortic aneurysm was demonstrated with radionuclide angiography. In view of these findings, radionuclide angiography should be considered as a first choice for the diagnosis of various abdominal arteriovenous fistulae because it can be performed easily and noninvasively.
Disinvestment in health care
Authors: C. Cooper, K. Starkey
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A shared vocabulary, language, and narrative of change is needed

Four linked BMJ articles consider disinvestment in health care.1 2 3 4 They suggest several ways in which disinvestment can be promoted, including better evidence based clinical decision making; better alignment of health services between primary and secondary care providers; better integration of the health system with the social care system and community care; new technology; a culture of collaboration rather than competition; a better managed system of skill development; changes in working practice; the empowerment of patients; reductions in administrative costs; and greater dialogue to promote knowledge and understanding, so that policy options can be better discussed and agreed between relevant stakeholders. All of these are valuable insights into possible actions to promote change. However, they tend to underestimate the factors that promote resistance to the kinds of change a …
Trk receptors use redundant signal transduction pathways involving SHC and PLC-γ1 to mediate NGF responses
Authors: Robert M. Stephens, David M. Loeb, Terry D. Copeland, Tony Pawson, Lloyd A. Greene, David R. Kaplan
Journal: Neuron (1994)

In response to NGF, the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase forms a complex with SHC, a protein that couples receptor tyrosine kinases to p21ras. Complex formation between Trk and SHC, SHC tyrosine phosphorylation, and association of SHC with Grb2 were mediated by autophosphorylation at Y490 in Trk (NPQYFSD). To determine the role of SHC and other Trk substrates in NGF signaling, Trk receptors with mutations in Y490 and Y785 (the PLC-γ1 association site) were introduced into PC12nnr5 cells. NGF treatment of PC12nnr5 cells expressing Trk with mutations in either substrate-binding site resulted in normal neurite outgrowth and Erk1 activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. However, PC12nnr5 cells expressing Trk with mutations at both sites failed to stably extend neurites and efficiently induce Erk1 activity and tyrosine phosphorylation in response to NGF. We postulate that TrK receptors can activate Erk1 by either SHC- or PLC-γ1-dependent signaling pathways. These results suggest a model whereby Trk receptors utilize at least partially redundant signal transduction pathways to mediate NGF responses.
Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of Chemosensitivity in Cancer Cells
Authors: N. E. Matthews, M. A. Adams, L. R. Maxwell, T. E. Gofton, C. H. Graham
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Hypoxia in tumors is associated with malignant progression, metastatic spread, and increased resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Molecular O(2) is required for the cellular production of nitric oxide (NO) by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), and NO may block components of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Hence, we hypothesized that hypoxia increases drug resistance in tumor cells by inhibiting endogenous NO production.Human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells were pre-exposed to 20% O(2), 5% O(2), or 1% O(2), incubated with a pharmacologic inhibitor of endogenous NO production, and then treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Resistance was assessed by colony-formation assays, and western blot analysis was used to measure NOS protein levels. All P values were two-sided.Incubation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in 1% O(2) maximally increased their resistance to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil by 8.5-fold (P =.002) and 2.3-fold (P =.002), respectively, compared with incubation in 20% O(2). B16F10 mouse melanoma cells preincubated in 1% O(2) (versus 20% O(2)) for 12 hours exhibited a twofold increase in resistance to doxorubicin (P<.001). The rapid acquisition of drug resistance after exposure to 1% O(2) could be mimicked by incubating the MDA-MB-231 cells for 12 hours with the NOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-Larginine (fivefold increase; P<.001). Conversely, replacement of NO activity by use of the NO-mimetic glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and diethylenetriamine NO adduct produced statistically significant attenuations in the development of resistance of 59% (P<.001) and 40% (P<.001), respectively, in MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment of B16F10 cells with GTN produced a 58% reduction in resistance (P<.001). MDA-MB-231 cells expressed all three isoforms of the NOS enzyme at levels that were not altered by exposure to hypoxia.NO mediates chemosensitivity in tumor cells, and hypoxia-induced drug resistance appears to result, in part, from downstream suppression of endogenous NO production. These results raise the possibility that administration of small doses of NO mimetics could be used as an adjuvant in chemotherapy.
Substrate- and Isoform-Specific Proteome Stability in Normal and Stressed Cardiac Mitochondria
Authors: Edward Lau, Ding Wang, Jun Zhang, Hongxiu Yu, Maggie P.Y. Lam, Xiangbo Liang, Nobel Zong, Tae-Young Kim, Peipei Ping
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: Mitochondrial protein homeostasis is an essential component of the functions and oxidative stress responses of the heart. Objective: To determine the specificity and efficiency of proteome turnover of the cardiac mitochondria by endogenous and exogenous proteolytic mechanisms. Methods and Results: Proteolytic degradation of the murine cardiac mitochondria was assessed by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial proteases demonstrated a substrate preference for basic protein variants, which indicates a possible recognition mechanism based on protein modifications. Endogenous mitochondrial proteases and the cytosolic 20S proteasome exhibited different substrate specificities. Conclusions: The cardiac mitochondrial proteome contains low amounts of proteases and is remarkably stable in isolation. Oxidative damage lowers the proteolytic capacity of cardiac mitochondria and reduces substrate availability for mitochondrial proteases. The 20S proteasome preferentially degrades specific substrates in the mitochondria and may contribute to cardiac mitochondrial proteostasis.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia -- Progress in Children, Less in Adults
Authors: Dieter Hoelzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), rates of complete remission ranging from 90 to 95 percent and rates of long-term disease-free survival approaching 70 percent can now be achieved. In this issue of the Journal, Rivera and colleagues1 show convincing improvement in disease-free survival, from 9 to 71 percent, over a period of nearly 30 years. The development of effective antileukemic combination chemotherapy, the introduction of prophylactic treatment for relapse of leukemia in the meninges, and recent, more aggressive strategies involving the earlier use of intensive therapy (thereby probably avoiding multidrug resistance) are among the reasons for this success. . . .
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen in Blood Donor Populations
Authors: Howard F. Taswell
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Blood-donor serum samples from five medical centers, tested for hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA), showed widely varying incidence (0.06% to 1.47%). The incidence of HAA in the donor population correlated excellently with that of overt posttransfusion hepatitis. The sensitivity of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test was evaluated by study of the serum of 92 blood donors highly implicated in the transmission of hepatitis. Seventeen percent of these implicated donors were found to be HAA-positive, compared to 0.2% of 13,049 normal donors.
Role of contrasuppression in the adoptive transfer of immunity.
Authors: M Iverson, W Ptak, D R Green, R K Gershon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The data presented in this paper show that the population of cells that adoptively transfer contact hypersensitivity are Lyt-1+ 2-, I-J- and nonadherent to V. villosa lectin. However, the adoptive transfer of immunity by this population of cells is successful only when the recipient has been treated in such a way as to impair the host immunosuppression mechanism. This population cannot, on its own, transfer immunity to adult, untreated naive recipients unless an additional population of immunoregulatory cells is present. This immunoregulatory population does not itself adoptively transfer immunity. This latter population is differentiated from the immune cells in that they are Lyt-1+ 2-, I-J+ and are adherent to V. villosa lectin. Both populations are required to adoptively transfer immunity to adult untreated naive recipients.
Antidepressants and suicide
Authors: E Vuori, J Lonnqvist, T Klaukka
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Making clinical informatics workEDrTOR,-We do not agree with Paul Lelliott's view that no existing hospital information system works.'At Burton Hospitals NHS Trust we have a totally integrated hospital information support system, which has been operating since April 1992.It provides many benefits for patients' care and for the wide range of staff who use it.We have married clinical activity (except for the doctor's record) with electronic recording on a hospitalwide basis and are now looking towards including doctors' notes.Our system is clinically biased as it is used by all clinical staff; it also provides all the information needed for administration, management, and