tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in inhaled therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: C B Cooper, D P Tashkin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> The eosinophilic COPD phenotype is associated with greater airway remodelling, exacerbation risk and steroid responsiveness. However, little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in this patient population. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of COPD patients with right heart catheterisation (RHC) data at a university hospital between January 2011 and May 2019 and compared the pulmonary vascular profile and prevalence of PH between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic patients using a definition of eosinophilic COPD as at least three blood eosinophil values ≥300 cells·µL<sup>−1</sup>. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between eosinophilic COPD and various PH categories adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%), smoking status and use of supplemental oxygen. <h3>Results</h3> Among 106 COPD patients with RHC data and at least three blood eosinophil values, 25% met the definition of eosinophilic COPD. Fewer patients among the eosinophilic group required long-term oxygen therapy (69% <i>versus</i> 93%, p=0.001) and total lung capacity was significantly lower in the eosinophilic group (p=0.006). This group had higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (median (interquartile range) 30 (27–41) mmHg <i>versus</i> 25 (22–30) mmHg, p=0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (4 (2.8–5.1) Wood units <i>versus</i> 2.9 (2.1–4.1) Wood units, p=0.018). On multivariable logistic regression analyses, eosinophilic phenotype was associated with PH (adjusted (a)OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.4–30.7; p=0.018) and pre-capillary PH (aOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1–9; p=0.027), but not severe PH (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 0.6–7.2; p=0.219). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Eosinophilic COPD was associated with higher mPAP and PVR and increased likelihood of PH. More studies are needed to further explore this finding.
Thyroid Lymphoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:
Authors: Walter K. Jung, James D. Slavin, Richard P. Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Two women who had known Hashimoto's thyroiditis developed large neck masses, which proved to be primary thyroid lymphomas. The occurrence of thyroid lymphomas with a background of automimmune disease was noted, as well as the possible origin of these tumors from “mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.” The thyroid lymphomas presented as cold defects on Tc-99m pertechnetate imaging and as areas of increased uptake on Ga-67 citrate scans.
Cumene hydroperoxide, an agent inducing lipid peroxidation, and 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal, a peroxidation product, cause coronary vasodilatation in perfused rat hearts by a cyclic nucleotide independent mechanism
Authors: A M M van der Kraaij, H R de Jonge, H Esterbauer, J de Vente, H W M Steinbusch, J F Koster
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE - The aim of the study was to determine whether cumene hydroperoxide, a substance known to induce lipid peroxidation through free radical action, and 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (4-hydroxynonenal), a major aldehyde formed during lipid peroxidation, induce coronary vasodilatation by changing cyclic nucleotide levels. DESIGN - The study involved Langendorff perfused rat hearts, using different concentrations of cumene hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynonenal, with sodium nitroprusside for comparison. Coronary flow was measured indirectly as retrograde aortic flow, with constant perfusion pressure. Information about the precise localisation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the heart was obtained by immunocytochemistry, using a new cGMP antiserum. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL - Hearts were from male Wistar rats, body weight 200-250 g. MEASUREMENTS and RESULTS - Both cumene hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynonenal caused a dose dependent and reversible increase in coronary flow comparable with sodium nitroprusside. With sodium nitroprusside there was a good correlation between extent of vasodilatation and total heart cGMP concentration. Vasodilatation induced by cumene hydroperoxide or 4-hydroxynonenal was not accompanied by increase in total heart cGMP or cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) concentration. Isoprenaline was used as a positive control for cAMP. cGMP immunostaining was found in coronary vascular smooth muscle after vasodilatation with sodium nitroprusside, but no immunostaining was found in vascular smooth muscle after vasodilatation with cumene hydroperoxide or 4-hydroxynonenal. CONCLUSIONS - Cumene hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynonenal can provoke reversible coronary vasodilatation in isolated perfused rat hearts by a cyclic nucleotide independent mechanism.
Differential Expression of a Set of Genes in Follicular and Classic Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yusuf Ziya Igci, Ahmet Arslan, Ersin Akarsu, Suna Erkilic, Mehri Igci, Serdar Oztuzcu, Beyhan Cengiz, Bulent Gogebakan, Ecir Ali Cakmak, A. Tuncay Demiryurek
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
The Continuing Challenge of Turning Promising Observational Evidence About Risk for Dementia to Evidence Supporting Prevention
Authors: Carole Dufouil, Carol Brayne
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Orthopaedic surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a shift towards more frequent and earlier non-joint-sacrificing surgery
Authors: A Boonen, G A Matricali, J Verduyckt, V Taelman, P Verschueren, A Sileghem, L Corluy, R Westhovens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) aims at controlling synovitis and arresting erosive disease. Orthopaedic surgery deals with joint destruction, reflecting the severity of damage, but also deals with local persistent synovitis and tenosynovitis. Along with altering medical treatment strategies, rheumatologists and surgeons feel they have changed the type and timing of surgery in recent years. We performed a cross sectional study on the use of orthopaedic surgery in RA, to provide data on types of procedures and evolution of timing and type of surgery.

A cross sectional study (January to April 2004) was carried out in two university and three non-university outpatient clinics. Consecutive outpatients with RA1 (n = 285) were considered, except for one centre that included patients attending the day care centre for treatment with …
780. Efficient Adenovirus-Mediated Human Interferon-gamma Transfer into C6 Glioma Cells
Authors: Lizhi Wu, Xiuju Wu, Wenlin Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

CNS tumors remain an incurable disease for immunological as well as anatomical reasons. Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) plays an important role in immune response, apoptosis and anti-tumor activity. In this study, we constructed a replication deficient adenoviral vector encoding human IFN-gamma. Employing RT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA assays, we demonstrated that Ad-hIFN-gamma was effectively expressed on infected cells, which lasted for at least 1 week with a peak at day 3, while CPE assay demonstrated that the expressed hIFN-gamma have anti-virus (VSV) activity. Treatment of C6 cells caused growth inhibition as assayed by MTT method. These preliminary results suggest that the newly constructed Ad-hIFN-gamma is promising for the treatment of CNS glioma and other malignancies. The bioactivity and bio-availability of adenovirus carrying human interferon-gamma compared with bacteria expressed interferon is under experiment in our lab.
Reticular-thalamic activation of the cortex generates conscious contents
Authors: James Newman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Gray hypothesizes that the contents of consciousness correspond to the outputs of a subicular (hippocampal/temporal lobe) comparator that compares the current state of the organism's perceptual world with a predicted state. I argue that Gray has identified a key contributing system to conscious awareness, but that his model is inadequate for explaining how conscious contents are generated in the brain. An alternative model is offered.
Expiratory Resistance of Oxygen Catheters in Patients With Tracheostomies
Authors: Ira P. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PRIMARY AIM of tracheostomy is to increase the efficiency of respiration while minimizing the work required for breathing. The purpose of oxygen therapy is to provide optimum tissue oxygenation by increasing arterial oxygen saturation. Therefore, in those patients requiring tracheostomy and oxygen therapy, the method of administration of oxygen should be one that not only increases the arterial oxygen saturation but also does not impose a greater work requirement for breathing and, consequently, a greater need for oxygen. With these points in mind, we decided to investigate the resistance factors associated with the procedure of inserting a catheter into a tracheostomy tube for the administration of oxygen. That this procedure is frequently used is evidenced by a report of "errors" in oxygen administration by Kracum.<sup>1</sup>He reported that over 50% of 45 civilian hospitals he surveyed between 1956 and 1958 used the catheter method for oxygen administration to
The effect of mite allergen-impermeable covers in adult asthma: The SMAC study
Authors: A. Woodcock, L. Forster, E. Matthews, J. Martin, L. Letley, M. Vickers, J. Britton, D. Strachan, P. Howarth, D. Altmann, C. Frost, A. Custovic
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
The Atheist and the Holy City: Encounters and Reflections
Authors: Richard J. Ugoretz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In this highly personal memoir, a distinguished scientist freely mixes anecdote, philosophical musings, and a layperson's guide to virology and the new biology. With a lifetime of international experience ranging from adolescence in Nazi-occupied Hungary to a career that spans the transition from classical microbiology to molecular genetics, George Klein is prepared to comment on the connections between scientific research, human behavior, and society from a unique perspective. The anecdotes are at times charming and at times dreary. (Leo Szilard bargained scarce disposable razor blades for world peace with Khrushchev. Sol Spiegelmann was moody and given to depression.) The format of this work is unstructured—more a series of essays than a book. At times the style is quite effective. Klein draws subtle parallels between innocent and not so innocent scientific error and the heinous crimes of Nazi medical "research." In later chapters this style is distracting. An account of being
Periarticular bone mineral density at the knee joint
Authors: O R MADSEN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Periarticular bone mineral density at the knee jointRecently, dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) was presented by Murphy et al as a new method for assessing periarticular bone mineral density (BMD) at the knee joint. 1 Precision errors for BMD measured at the patella, femur, and tibia were reported for 14 subjects.The paper highlights the emerging importance of measurement of radiological data and attention to regional density characteristics in bone and joint diseases.Subchondral bone mineral density of the proximal tibia has previously been assessed by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA)-the precursor of DXA.Relations between subchondral BMD of the proximal tibia and age, height, weight, and BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were examined by Bohr and Schaadt. 2 Petersen et al presented subchondral BMD values for a large number of healthy subjects and for patients with various orthopaedic conditions. 3Bohr and Lund and Petersen et al examined changes in BMD at the proximal tibia after knee arthroplasty. 4 5Petersen et al examined subchondral BMD after meniscectomy, 6 and Madsen et al reported data for subchondral BMD measured in several subregions of the proximal tibia in healthy subjects and in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. 7Moreover, Petersen et al studied relations between bone strength and BMD assessed by DPA and DXA in the proximal tibia. 8Other related studies could be mentioned.Unfortunately, none of these studies was referred to by Murphy et al.
When Helping Starts to Hurt
Authors: D Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

William N Grosch, David C Olsen Norton, £19.50, pp 189 ISBN 0–393–70167–0

Overwork is a serious problems for most health care professionals these days. Demands for improved clinical care exceed improvements in resources, and maintaining a balance between the two can be demoralising and exhausting. However, working long hours has become almost a badge of honour among some professional people, whose complaints about overwork are often mixed with a sense of pride in their dedication and importance; and perhaps a sense of entitlement - namely, that their hard work justifies avoidance and indulgence in other …
EXPERIMENTAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Emil R. Unanue, Frank J. Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Nephrotoxic serum nephritis was studied in rats receiving variable amounts of kidney-fixing antibody and active or passive immunization to the heterologous gamma globulin of the species supplying the nephrotoxic antibody. Rats injected with a moderate to a large amount of kidney-fixing antibody (180 to 380 µg) and immunized to the heterologous gamma globulin developed a more severe nephritis than rats receiving similar amounts of antibody without further immunization. Rats injected with minimal amounts of kidney-fixing antibody (2 to 45 µg) and immunized to the heterologous gamma globulin developed a moderate nephritis in contrast to rats receiving similar amounts of antibody without further immunizations which showed no evidence of renal injury. In the rats receiving small doses of kidney-fixing antibody and immunization to the heterologous gamma globulin a lag period existed between the appearance of circulating antibody and kidney-fixed host antibodies and the appearance of renal injury. This delay apparently reflects the need for a continuing antigen-antibody reaction for some time in order to produce detectable injury with the small amounts of reactants involved. From these data it appears that, in the presence of excess circulating antibody, antigens occupying at most a few per cent of the glomerular capillary surface can provide an antigen-antibody interaction which will over a period of time cause detectable morphological and functional alterations of the glomerulus.
England's cancer networks in danger of missing targets
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The 34 cancer networks in England need to work harder to plan their services if targets on earlier diagnosis and treatment are going to be met, the public spending watchdog, the National Audit Office (NAO), has warned.

Although some networks have made “substantial progress” in implementing recommendations set out in the Cancer Plan, they are not as effective as they could be, says the NAO.

The plan to modernise cancer services, which was published in 2000, set out a 10 year programme of improving cancer services and outcomes in England ( BMJ 2000;321: 850). But …
Life on Two Tracks
Authors: Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

The second modern synthesis of biology [1] must start with new stratifications and conceptualizations, as well as new ways to connect all of them [2], which are to be perfected through in-depth discussions that may be provoked by seemingly controversial ideas. And new paradigms can thus be built upon the novel thoughts that may eventually converge. As knowledge accumulates based on either newly generated data or frequent visits to old datasets, the new generation of scientists will digest, scrutinize, and cast doubts on the novel thoughts, and all these activities will lead to acceptance or rejection of the new synthesis and its essentials. The knowledge network may either keep growing in multiple dimensions or end temporarily at a single vortex.

Trained as a biochemist in college and then a cell biologist early in my scientific career, I only used molecular biology tools to manipulate genes as “parts” and use them to “assemble” certain “operations” and never worried about the genetic background of the cells and animals we used. Some of the tissues (organs) for primary cultures were actually collected from a local slaughter house as byproducts of steaks and sausages and individual samples were often used as a pool. Working on genetics, genomics, and bioinformatics for a couple of decades, I have encountered problems in extending classic concepts of genetics and evolution to explain biological phenomena, especially those defined based on basic concepts of cell biology and biochemistry. My typical example is how to look for genotype-phenotype relationship for indel selection found in the mammalian minimal introns when the selection not only exists in significant numbers but also is predicted to be weak and lacks definable phenotypes in the context of classic genetics [3], [4], [5], although variations of the splice site are often considered as deleterious and attributable to certain inherited diseases [6], [7]. While believing that we still have a long way from the understanding of the Rules of Life, I also reckon we better get started now before it is too late as we always say—a journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step.

We now have two tracks of fundamental thinking in biology—geneticists on the one side and cell biologists/biochemists and alike on the other side—informational and operational. The former constructs phenotype-genotype relationship relying on sequence changes in the contexts of populations, species, and lineages, and the latter seeks molecular details leveraging on model systems, such as model organisms and cell lines with less concerns about their generic backgrounds. The future genomics or the modern synthesis of genome biology is to unite the two tracks, of course after some exhaustive discussions. In addition, the differentiation of the two tracks is not to simply draw the boundaries of the two but to seek common grounds for the integration of more information into a knowledge network that connects scientific facts from all fields of biology in a unified realm.
COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY AS APPLIED TO DERMATOLOGY AND SYPHILOLOGY.
Authors: W. S. GOTTHEIL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The correct picturing of the manifold lesions of the skin is a matter of interest to those engaged in the study of dermatology. It is important, first, to secure a permanent record of a rare dermal lesion. Only by plastic or pictorial representation can the evanescent forms of skin disease be fixed and held; for a verbal description, no matter how exhaustive or how carefully made, is necessarily insufficient as regards form and distribution, and more especially as regards color; and second, the multiplication of such reproductions is of importance to us for the purposes of journal and book illustration. For record or demonstration, models or casts in plaster, wax, or paper, are undoubtedly most satisfactory; for shape, location, color, all the factors necessary for diagnosis, with the exception of those perceptible to the touch, can be reproduced with an exactitude and a verisimilitude that leaves nothing to be desired.
Abstract P4-07-04: A distinctive miRNA profile highlights breast cancer in very young women (BCVY) as a new molecular subgroup
Authors: M Peña-Chilet, MT Martinez, JA Perez-Fidalgo, L Peiro-Chova, B Bermejo, J Ferrer, E Alonso, O Burgues, A Bosch, A Lluch, G Ribas
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Although less frequent (1% of all breast cancer) than in older women, breast cancer (BC) in very young women (BCVY),(≤35 years old) often exhibits larger tumor sizes, high pathological grade, high proliferation percentage, nodal involvement, and greater HER2+ percentage, usually associated with a poorer prognosis. BC and BCVY might arise as different disease entities derived from different underlying mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules with post-transcriptional regulatory function, usually silencing targeted mRNAs. Recently, miRNA profiling has arisen as major approaching study technique, demonstrating a widespread miRNA deregulation in various tumor types. In this study we offer a miRNA profile of a subset of BCVY patients and evaluate whether there are any miRNA deregulated pointing out some pathway to better understand the ongoing mechanism and characterize BCVY as a new molecular entity. Material and methods: We performed a comprehensive study of miRNA expression using miRNA Affymetrix 2.0 array. We extracted RNA from FFPE tumor tissue of both 44 BC patients ≤35years (BCVY) and 46 older than 45years in two age groups (45-65 and &amp;gt;65), we used normal breast tissue as control and evaluated the differences in expression of each age group. We tried to validate most interesting miRNA by qRT-PCR. We performed enrichment analysis of multiple miRNA target genes (DIANA mirpath) to search for putative pathways that could be deregulated by the miRNAs. Results: We obtained a differential and unique miRNA expression profile of 121 miRNAs (p-value&amp;lt;0.05), 96 of those with FDR&amp;lt;0.05. After hierarchical clustering, samples were unsupervised grouped according to their age, neither by subtype nor by tumor characteristics. Of the 11 miRNA selected for validation, we were able to validate differences in the expression of 6 miRNAs: miR-1228*, miR-3196, miR-1275, miR-92b, miR-139, miR-1207, moreover, all of the miRNAs maintained the expression's trend. The validated miRNAs pointed out pathways related with cell motility and invasion (adherens junction, chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis, cell adhesion molecules) and cell proliferation (calcium signaling, wnt signaling). Conclusion: We performed a comprehensive study of the miRNA expression on a total of 89 BC patients, detecting a differential molecular profile in BCVY patients, suggesting that there might be a different underlying mechanism and that BCVY could be identified as a different entity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-07-04.
Limitations of PET and lesion studies in defining the role of the human cerebellum in motor learning
Authors: D. Timmann, H. C. Diener
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

PET studies using classical conditioning paradigms are reported. It is emphasized that PET studies show "cerebellar involvement" and not "specific function" in learning paradigms. The importance of dissociating motor performance and learning deficits in human lesions studies is demonstrated in two exemplary studies. The different role of the cerebellum in adaptation of postural reflexes and learning of complex voluntary arm movements is discussed, [THACH]