tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parvalbumin is reduced in the peripheral nerves of diabetic rats.
Authors: T Endo, T Onaya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Parvalbumin (PA), one of the Ca2+-binding neuronal marker proteins, has been revealed to exist in the myelinated axons of the posterior root of the spinal cord and the peripheral nerve of rats. To investigate the role of PA for the genesis of diabetic neuropathy, the levels of PA in the sciatic nerve of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PA. The immunohistochemical distribution of PA in the sciatic nerve from both groups was also studied. The RIA for PA revealed that the levels of PA in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats were significantly decreased when compared with those of normal rats. However, the contents of S-100 protein, another type of Ca2+-binding glial marker protein, did not show any significant difference in the sciatic nerve from both groups. Immunohistochemically, the amount of PA containing myelinated axons of the diabetic nerve was markedly decreased when compared with nondiabetic subjects. These results suggest that the decreased level of PA in the peripheral nerve might contribute to the genesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Development of the stratum corneum
Authors: S.B. Hoath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

In 2015, Professor Ronald (Ronnie) Marks will celebrate his 80th birthday and the 35th year since assuming the Chair of Dermatology at the University of Wales College of Medicine in Cardiff, Wales. Ronnie's long and prolific career is well deserving of a celebratory Festschrift. Among his many accomplishments, Marks was an early champion of quantitative measurements and the application of bioengineering methods to clinical skin science, with particular focus on stratum corneum biology and the measurement of skin appearance. Appealing to Ronnie's wry sense of humour, I would characterize his career in the words of the native Welshman, Dylan Thomas, who published an unfinished novel in 1955 entitled Adventures in the Skin Trade. Ronnie Marks has been a quintessential and imaginative adventurer in the 'skin trade', and he continues to forge new trails for others to follow. The areas highlighted below are emblematic of Ronnie's varied research interests and his impact on stimulating experimental questions for me and future investigators of epidermal differentiation and stratum corneum development.
VASOSTOMY—RADIOGRAPHY OF THE SEMINAL DUCT
Authors: WILLIAM T. BELFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Vas and vesicle usually accommodate from 4 to 6 c.c. of a non-irritant liquid, such as 5 per cent. argyrol solution, injected through a scrotal vasostomy. None of the solution escapes through the ejaculatory duct until vas and vesicle are filled, because this exit is closed by a sphincter. This muscle yields to overfilling of the seminal ducts, the solution passing into the prostatic urethra and thence usually backward into the bladder, b u t occasionally forward into the anterior urethra, escaping at the meatus. An unlimited quantity of solution may thus be used to irrigate vas, vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra and utricle; and this irrigation may be repeated at the discretion of the operator. For days after such filling of the seminal duct, peristalsis of vas and vesicle occurs, shown by the constant presence of argyrol in the
Changes in IgA Following Varying Degrees of Biliary Obstruction in the Rat
Authors: Jeffrey Rank, Dodd I. Wilson
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Polymeric IgA is rapidly transported from blood to bile by the rat liver. The effect of varying degrees of biliary obstruction on this transport process was studied. IgA concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum IgA concentrations increased progressively, and IgA output in bile declined with increasing bile duct obstruction. The decline in bile IgA output was explained by both diminished bile flow and decreased concentrations of IgA in bile. Very little polymeric IgA was present in normal rat serum. In contrast, using column chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 22, increases in serum IgA associated with cholestasis were shown to be due to increments in polymeric IgA. Serum IgA was a more sensitive indicator of cholestasis than was serum alkaline phosphatase. IgA and secretory component were found, using indirect immunofluorescence, surrounding bile canaliculi and on or adjacent to the hepatocyte plasma membrane lining the sinusoids. With biliary obstruction, staining for IgA and secretory component intensified markedly near the bile canaliculi. We conclude that: (a) polymeric IgA must be efficiently removed from serum by the normal rat liver; (b) even minimal cholestasis impairs IgA output into bile, and (c) impairment of IgA transport during cholestasis appears to occur at or near the canalicular membrane.
Developing intestine is injured during absorption of oleic acid but not its ethyl ester.
Authors: O R Velasquez, A R Place, P Tso, K D Crissinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Although lipids are essential nutrients in the mammalian diet, we have shown that fatty acids are injurious to epithelial cells of developing piglet intestine during luminal perfusion. Furthermore, the intestine of young animals sustains greater injury than that of older piglets. In an effort to understand the mechanism for this developmental injury, we investigated whether changes in the chemical configuration of oleic acid would alter this damage. Mucosal permeability, as quantitated by the plasma-to-lumen clearance of 51chromium EDTA, was evaluated during luminal perfusion with oleic acid as compared with its ethyl (ethyl oleate) and glyceryl (glycerol-1-mono-oleate) esters, solubilized with taurocholic acid, in jejunum of 1-d-, 3-d-, 2-wk-, and 1-mo-old piglets. 51Chromium EDTA clearance increased significantly during oleic acid and glycerol-1-mono-oleate perfusion, but did not increase during perfusion with ethyl oleate or saline. This result was not secondary to failure of absorption of ethyl oleate, as [14C]oleic acid and ethyl [1-14C]oleate were absorbed to a similar extent. Furthermore, developing intestine was able to remove the ethyl group and then re-esterify the fatty acid to form triacyglycerol. These studies indicate that oleic acid-induced mucosal injury can be abolished when the carboxylic group of the fatty acid is esterified with an ethyl, but not a glycerol, group. Since the ethyl ester is also absorbed and metabolized similarly to the free fatty acid, this may provide a means of supplying long-chain fatty acids to developing intestine without causing mucosal damage.
In Vivo Overexpression of IL-13 Receptor α2 Chain Inhibits Tumorigenicity of Human Breast and Pancreatic Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Koji Kawakami, Mariko Kawakami, Philip J. Snoy, Syed R. Husain, Raj K. Puri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R(alpha)2) chain is highly expressed on some tumor cell lines and primary cell cultures. This receptor chain plays an important role in ligand binding and internalization. To determine the functional significance of overexpression of this chain, we stably transfected IL-13R(alpha)2 chain in human breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (PANC-1) cancer cell lines that naturally do not express this chain. There was no difference in growth between vector only transfected and IL-13R(alpha)2 chain transfected cells in vitro. However, surprisingly, in immunodeficient mice, tumorigenicity was profoundly inhibited in IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors. Because breast tumors that grew later showed loss of IL-13R(alpha)2 gene expression, lack of tumorigenicity correlated positively with IL-13R(alpha)2 chain expression. Inflammatory cells including neutrophils and macrophages were identified in IL-13R(alpha)2 overexpressing regressing tumors and neutrophils were found to produce IL-13. IL-13 showed a modest antitumor activity to IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors constitutively produced IL-8 that has been shown to have antitumor effect. These results establish a novel function of a cytokine receptor chain and further suggest that the presence of this chain on tumor cells by itself may play a key role in tumorigenicity.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF PERCUTANEOUS MITRAL BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Shiro Miura, Takeshi Arita, Akihiro Isotani, Shinichi Shirai, Kouyu Sakai, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
906 INHIBITION OF TUMOR GROWTH AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF DENDRITIC CELLS ENGINEERED TO EXPRESS ANGIOGENESIS-RELATED FLK-1 ANTIGEN IN A MURINE HCC MODEL
Authors: A. Vogt, G. Decker, E. Raskopf, V. Schmitz, T. Sauerbruch, W.H. Caselmann, M.A. González-Carmona
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Specific IgE-dependent sensitization, atopy, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in apprentices starting exposure to protein-derived agents.
Authors: D Gautrin, C Infante-Rivard, T V Dao, M Magnan-Larose, D Desjardins, J L Malo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Atopy, specific IgE sensitization, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were examined in a cohort of 769 apprentices starting career programs in animal health or veterinary medicine (Group 1), pastry making (Group 2), and dental hygiene (Group 3). The hypothesis were that: (1) a proportion of subjects can be "sensitized" although no significant specific occupational exposure has occurred; and (2) there is a relationship between baseline specific sensitization to work-related antigens and host characteristics. Skin tests were administered using 11 common inhalants and specific allergens, including six laboratory animal extracts, three cereal antigens, alpha-amylase, and latex. Methacholine challenge tests were performed. The prevalence of atopy was 54.4% in Group 1, 58.1% in Group 2, and 52.5% in Group 3. Skin reactivity to work-specific proteins was as follows: laboratory animal proteins, 13.8% in Group 1, 14.0% in Group 2, and 15.6% in Group 3. No subject was sensitized to alpha-amylase, whereas 1.2% in Group 1, 5% in Group 2, and 4.1% in Group 3 were sensitized to flour. Five subjects reacted to latex. BHR (PC20 < or = 8 mg/ml) was present in 17.6%, 21.2%, and 14.8% of subjects in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Specific sensitization was associated with positive skin reactions to common allergens, work-related symptoms, and BHR. These results suggest that students starting career programs with exposure to high-molecular-weight allergens have a low but substantial frequency of specific sensitization to work-related allergens that is related to atopy and BHR.
Renal Transplantation for Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Shannon Ewing, David L. Crosby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In "Quality of Care -What Is It?" (Sept.19 issue), 1 the first article in the series on the quality of health care, Blumenthal asks the wrong question.He should have asked, "Who should be the judge?"Blumenthal discusses how the experts and central planners try to determine what is good health care.This top-down method will not work.Choices about quality in medicine are no different from choices about quality in other areas of life, such as purchasing an automobile.Would we turn over to auto makers the task of deciding which car is best for us?Of course not.Yet this is what we have done in medicine.This simplistic notion puts managed-care companies in charge of choosing quality.Our current tax system subsidizes job-based managed care to the point that it dominates.Instead of patients having the money, the insurance companies have the money.Instead of patients choosing quality, insurance companies are trying to do this impossible task.As long as this insane tax system persists, there will be central planners asking silly questions, such as "What is quality?"The answer is, quality is what patients choose.
South Africa's Health: Traditional healers in South Africa: a parallel health care system
Authors: R. Kale
Journal: BMJ (1995)

“Traditional healers are a very caring people, and extraordinarily skilled in psychotherapy and counselling. Some of them do a damn good job. Of course there are certain horrible ones who poison their patients at every turn,” said Professor Ralph Kirsch of the Department of Medicine in the University of Cape Town Medical School. Traditional healers existed in South Africa before its colonisation by the Dutch in the 17th century. They have flourished in the face of competition from modern medicine. About 200000 traditional healers practise in South Africa, compared with 25000 doctors of modern medicine; 80% of the black population use the services of traditional healers.1 Traditional healers are enshrined in the minds of the people and respected in their community, and they are often its opinion leaders.

The theory underlying traditional medicine in the several black ethnic groups of South Africa is essentially similar.2 Disease is a supernatural phenomenon governed by a hierarchy of vital powers beginning with a most powerful deity followed by lesser spiritual entities, ancestral spirits, living persons, animals, plants, and other objects. These powers can interact, and they can reduce or enhance the power of a person. Disharmony in these vital powers can cause illness. Thus, ancestral spirits can make a person ill. Ingredients obtained from animals, plants, and other objects can restore the decreased power in a sick person and therefore have medicinal properties.

Inyangas are herbalists and possess extensive knowledge about curative herbs and medicines of animal origin (table I). Ninety per cent of inyangas are male.

View this table:

TABLE I 
Traditional healing agencies in South Africa1



Isangomas are diviners; they determine the cause of illness by using ancestral spirits, and 90% of them are female. A person cannot choose to become a diviner. Only a person “called” by the ancestors can become one. …
C1q-Binding Antibodies in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Lorraine C. Racusen, Mary S. Leffell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Antibody-mediated injury is now recognized as a major cause of renal-allograft injury and loss. Antibodies can cause vascular injury that is acute or chronic as well as abrupt or progressive loss of function. The diagnosis of antibody-mediated injury is based most critically on the detection of donor-specific antibodies, along with evidence of complement activation in the graft and signs of tissue injury and inflammation.1 Methods of detecting antibodies have become increasingly sensitive and precise, and the repertoire of potentially pathogenic antibodies includes a broad range of anti–class I HLA antibodies and anti–class II HLA antibodies, as well as non-HLA antibodies. . . .
Letter: John Locke.
Authors: M V Jeffreys
Journal: BMJ (1975)

of us spotted that he had fainted; we all mistook the faint for the onset of smooth anaesthesia, and but for a warning cried out by the technician who was following the blood pressure on the recording apparatus the patient might well have died.In the boy's case outlined above, Dr. Tomlin (2 November, p. 288) somewhat surprisingly attributes the death to pul- monary oedema.I have pointed out3 that in cases of sudden collapse and death in the dental chair when fainting was the only rational explanation pulmonary oedema seems to be a constant necropsy finding.Indeed, Dr. Tomlin himself has reported this finding.6The case was that of a woman aged 22 sitting up in the dental chair who lost consciousness and collapsed during the injection within the mouth of 1-5 ml of a standard local analgesic solution.She died and "the post-mortem revealed acute pul- monary oedean."Discussing the cause of this death, Dr. Tomlin makes no mention of the pulmonary oedema.He attributes the death either to acute sensitivity to the analgesic agent or to "a severe dysrhythmina or a 'faint'."-Iam, etc.,
Transplacental Effect of Tetracyclines on Teeth
Authors: Allen H. Kline, Russell J. Blattner, Martin Lunin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PHYSICIANS are becoming increasingly aware that certain therapeutic agents (reserpine, cortisone acetate, vitamin K, sulfamethoxypyridazine, central nervous system stimulants, progesterone, propylthiouracil, busulfan, and thalidomide<sup>1</sup>), while relatively safe for administration to pregnant women, may have adverse effects on the fetus. Recently the tetracycline group of drugs has been added to this list. Because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum and low toxicity, tetracyclines have been demonstrated to be of great value clinically. In pregnancy, they have been found to be valuable in the treatment of a variety of disorders and have been well tolerated. The placental transmission of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline from maternal to fetal tissues was reported by Charles in 1954.<sup>2</sup>In this report no specific reference to adverseeffects on the fetus is made. In 1960, Gibbons et al<sup>3</sup>reported placental transmission of demethylchlortetracycline hydrochloride. In their report a definite statement is made that no harmful
Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis
Authors: D. Corradi, R. Maestri, A. Palmisano, S. Bosio, P. Greco, L. Manenti, S. Ferretti, R. Cobelli, G. Moroni, A.P. Dei Tos, C. Buzio, A. Vaglio
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
989-56 Serial Changes of Plasma Vitronectin Level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Possible Role of VN as a Scavenger of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1
Authors: Tomohiro Sakamoto, Hisao Ogawa, Hisakazu Suefuji, Koichi Kaikita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cancer researcher fails in court bid to unmask online critics
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A cancer researcher who wished to sue anonymous commentators on the online journal club PubPeer for defamation has failed in his court bid to unmask them. A circuit court judge in Wayne County, Michigan, largely upheld a motion by PubPeer’s lawyers to dismiss Fazlul Sarkar’s application on First Amendment grounds.

Sarkar, who worked at Wayne State University in Michigan, saw a lucrative job offer at Mississippi State University withdrawn after comments made on PubPeer that …
Study on the Effects of Tablet Colour in the Treatment of Anxiety States
Authors: K. Schapira, H. A. McClelland, N. R. Griffiths, D. J. Newell
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Forty-eight patients with anxiety states were treated with oxazepam (Serenid-D), which was administered in tablets of three different colours—red, yellow, and green. Every patient received one week9s treatment with each colour, according to a random programme. A latin square design was used to ensure complete balance between the colours and between the weeks. The patients9 symptoms were categorized and then assessed by both weekly physicians9 ratings and daily self-rating, which showed close agreement. Colour preference was shown on both these scales in that symptoms of anxiety were most improved with green, whereas depressive symptoms appeared to respond best to yellow. Such colour preferences, however, did not reach levels of statistical significance, except for phobias as rated on the physicians9 assessment. The results indicate that colour may play a part in the response to a drug.
Double-balloon enteroscopy for endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis
Authors: L. Aabakken, M. Bretthauer, P. Line
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has been proved to be effective for deep intubation of the small bowel. Patients with a Roux-en-Y enteroanastomosis and biliary problems have been a challenge in gastrointestinal practice because of the lack of endoscopic access to the biliary anastomosis. We report on the first case series of patients with Roux-en-Y anatomy who have been examined using DBE.Between September 2005 and May 2006, 18 endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedures were performed in 13 patients (median age 53, range 2 - 81 years) using the DBE technique at our hospital. Most of the cases (10/13) had had a liver transplant for primary sclerosing cholangitis. The Fujinon T-series DBE system was used in all cases.The entero-enteric anastomosis was reached easily in all 18 procedures, and the end of the Roux limb was reached in 17/18 procedures. The mean intubation time was 40 minutes (range 5 - 120 minutes). Adequate imaging was achieved in all but two cases, one of whom had a native papilla. Biliary stenting was performed in two patients, stent removal in three patients, and removal of a small stone in one patient.Endoscopic access and biliary cannulation in the setting of Roux-en-Y anatomy is safe and feasible using the new DBE system for enteral intubation. Adaptation of accessories would further improve the utility of the procedure.
Management of Dyspnea in Patients With Far-Advanced Lung Disease
Authors: Amy J. Markowitz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Response to Comment on: Stefanovski et al. Estimating Hepatic Glucokinase Activity Using a Simple Model of Lactate Kinetics. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1015–1020
Authors: Darko Stefanovski, Richard N. Bergman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We are pleased to respond to the comment by Loranne Agius (1) relating to our recent article in Diabetes Care (2). Overall, we are in agreement with Agius that further well-designed studies are needed to validate the underlying assumptions of the model. For that purpose, we are already performing studies that will help clarify these questions. Nevertheless, a point was raised in Agius’s letter that we wanted to comment on further.

As stated by Agius, one possible explanation for the 50% difference in our estimates of glucokinase activity and that of Iozzo et al. (3) may be …