tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Secretion: Effect of Cyclic Amp and Its Role in Cholera
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Michael Field
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

ALTHOUGH we usually think of the small intestine in terms of its absorptive functions, it also has the capacity to secrete water and electrolytes. Its secretory capacity is impressively demonstrated by the diarrhea of cholera, which is almost entirely of small-bowel origin.1 An afflicted person at the height of his disease may excrete by rectum more than 1 liter of fluid every hour. It is not uncommon for patients to require fluid replacement in excess of their body weight over a period of several days.2 Probably an even greater amovint of fluid passes from the ileum into the colon, as . . .
Anti–β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies and heart failure: causation, not just correlation
Authors: Neil J. Freedman, Robert J. Lefkowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Antibodies specific for the β1-adrenergic receptor are found in patients with chronic heart failure of various etiologies. From work presented in this issue of the JCI, we can now infer that these antibodies actually contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. This commentary discusses mechanisms by which these antibodies may engender cardiomyopathy.
A Paper on NERVOUS AND MENTAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE CLIMACTERIC
Authors: G. Riddoch
Journal: BMJ (1930)

THE climacteric or involutional period is that phase of life during which the reproductive funcetionis diminish and become finally extinct.The most obvious manifestationis of it in women are the disappearance of menstruation and power of connceptioii; but associated with it, anid, in formlling ani essential part of it, are a series of bodily and Iiieimtal chaiiges, the appearance of which frequently pie- ce(les the onset of menstrual irregularity, and which often continue for a time after menstruation has stopped.Those of thiem which will form the basis of this discussion are more or less transient, butt others are permanent, and are the hall-marks of middle age.Such are wrinkles, grey hair, and a calmer, if more conservative and less romanitic, outlook on life.The majority of womeni pass through the climacteric with its psycho-physiological adj ustments without great dis- comiforts, and in somie, who are specially favoured perhaps with a balaiiced natural equipment and a happy env-iron- nment, it hardly causes a ripple in theirliv-es.O(thers, how- ever, (are less fortunate, and to the ilervous and ineital disorders which beset them special attentioii will be given.Men, as we11 as women, are compelled by iiature to experience this period of involution, but in them it begins about ten years later, and on the whlole the reactions are less initense.It is an easier transition, unaccompanied by fluslhes a.n(l otlher' discomforts of vasomotor origin, and althlough thlei waist line increases, ajid they lose their youtlhful vigour, nlii(dle age is apt to bSe accepted mnore philosophically, perhaps because their interests are more diffuse and absorbing, and the loss of the power of repro- dutction means less to them thani to womeni.But, general, the mental and physical changes at the climatteric are of the same order innen as in women, although, because of time later age at wh-lich it occurs, and the greater liability to arterial degemleration, complicatinig psychoses more often merge into the pre-senile degenerative mental -states.I propose, therefore, to confine my contribution to the dis- cuission to thenervous and mental phenomena in women at the natural climacteric, and to do niomore than indicate, when occasion arises, features that distinguish the artificial menop.usefromii o-ariectomiiy in younIg womnieii.
Cell-specific STORM super-resolution imaging reveals nanoscale organization of cannabinoid signaling
Authors: Barna Dudok, László Barna, Marco Ledri, Szilárd I Szabó, Eszter Szabadits, Balázs Pintér, Stephen G Woodhams, Christopher M Henstridge, Gyula Y Balla, Rita Nyilas, Csaba Varga, Sang-Hun Lee, Máté Matolcsi, Judit Cervenak, Imre Kacskovics, Masahiko Watanabe, Claudia Sagheddu, Miriam Melis, Marco Pistis, Ivan Soltesz, István Katona
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Review: Dabigatran does not differ from vitamin K antagonists for mortality or major bleeding
Authors: Alex Gallus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club15 April 2014Review: Dabigatran does not differ from vitamin K antagonists for mortality or major bleedingAlex Gallus, MB, FRACP, FRCPAAlex Gallus, MB, FRACP, FRCPASA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (A.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-8-201404150-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBloom BJ, Filion KB, Atallah R, Eisenberg MJ. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the risk of bleeding with dabigatran. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1066-74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24440332Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Hematology: References1 Majeed A, Hwang HG, Connolly SJ, et al. Management and outcomes of major bleeding during treatment with dabigatran or warfarin. Circulation. 2013;128:2325-32. [PMID: 24081972] Google Scholar2 Wasserlauf G, Grandi SM, Filion KB, Eisenberg MJ. Meta-analysis of rivaroxaban and bleeding risk. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112:454-60. [PMID: 23642380] Google Scholar3 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139-51. [PMID: 19717844] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alex Gallus, MB, FRACP, FRCPAAffiliations: SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (A.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 April 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 2014Volume 160, Issue 8Page: JC5KeywordsAnticoagulantsAtrial fibrillationHemorrhageMortalityNumber needed to treatRelative riskSafetyVenous thromboembolismVitamin K ePublished: 15 April 2014 Issue Published: 15 April 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Commentary: major defects are overestimated
Authors: M Bonduelle, P Devroey, I Liebaers, A Van Steirteghem
Journal: BMJ (1997)

After reclassification of birth defects according to the system used by the Western Australian Birth Defects Registry, Kurinczuk and Bower's reanalysis of our data suggests that the 420 live born infants conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection were twice as likely to have a major birth defect as the general population of Western Australia. This result is considered unlikely to be due to chance.

For the cardiac malformations in particular, we think that the authors overestimate the number of major malformations. They do not take into account the fact that these malformations were found as part of an ultrasound research screening programme for the infants conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Kurinczuk and Bower made conservative estimates about the patent ductus arteriosus in six children, since we had given insufficient information to determine whether they should be included as major defects according to Australian criteria. In fact, …
Deadly legacy of GMC's Southall hearings fiasco
Authors: L. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Professor David Southall must have been investigated more than any other doctor.1 He has appeared before the General Medical Council on five separate charges, and has been investigated by the police, his trust, and his strategic health authority. He has been cleared at every stage. He has been compared to Dr Mengele in parliament and vilified by the media, …
Abstract 3290: Overexpression of <i>Aurora B</i> kinase is correlated with vascular invasion and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhong-Zhe Lin, Yung-Ming Jeng, Fu-Chang Hu, Hung-Wei Pan, Hsin-Wei Tsao, Hey-Chi Hsu, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We previously demonstrated that Aurora B overexpression correlated well with higher histology grade and more advanced stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we sought to analyze the association between Aurora B overexpression and vascular invasion/metastasis of HCC, as well as the potential of AZD1152, a novel and selective Aurora B kinase inhibitor in preventing vascular invasion and metastasis of HCC. Method: Aurora B mRNA levels were measured in HCC and paired non-tumorous liver tissues by reverse transcription-PCR. One hundred and sixty surgically resected, primary unifocal HCCs were selected for this study. Vascular invasion was determined by pathologic examination. All 160 patients had been followed for more than 5 years or until death. Forty-nine patients developed extrahepatic tumor metastasis. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the significance of Aurora B overexpression on vascular invasion and metastasis of HCC. The effects of AZD1152 on tumor invasiveness were tested in Huh-7 and HA-27T HCC cell lines by migration and invasion assays. Results: Overexpression of Aurora B was found in 98 of the 160 (61%) primary HCC. Univariate analysis showed that vascular invasion and metastasis were both associated with younger age (≤ 55 years, P = 0.027 and P = 0.003, respectively), high α-fetoprotein levels (&amp;gt; 200 ng/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P = 0.008), large tumor size (&amp;gt; 5 cm, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher tumor grade (grade III-IV, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P = 0.025), as well as Aurora B overexpression (P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P &amp;lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that Aurora B overexpression was an independent risk factor associated with vascular invasion (odds ratio, 2.659; P = 0.0183) and metastasis (odds ratio, 4.195; P = 0.0027). AZD1152, 5-125 nM, induced dose-dependent inhibition on migration and invasion in Huh-7 and HA-27T cells. Conclusions: Overexpression of Aurora B correlates well with vascular invasion and metastasis of HCC. Inhibition of Aurora B kinase by small molecular inhibitors may suppress invasion and metastasis of HCC. Grant support: Grant NSC96-2628-B-002-054-MY3 from the National Science Council (Taiwan), Grant DOH97-TD-B-111-001 from the Department of Health (Taiwan), and Grant NSC98-3112-B-075A-001 from the National Science Council (Taiwan). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3290.
Occult Vitamin D Deficiency in Postmenopausal US Women With Acute Hip Fracture
Authors: Meryl S. LeBoff
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextLow vitamin D levels may contribute to hip fractures in women, although limited data are available on vitamin D levels in US women admitted with acute hip fractures.ObjectiveTo determine whether postmenopausal women with hip fractures have low vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels compared with nonosteoporotic and osteoporotic women admitted for elective joint replacement.DesignComparative case series conducted between January 1995 and June 1998.Setting and PatientsNinety-eight postmenopausal community-dwelling women with no secondary causes of bone loss admitted for hip replacement, of whom 30 women had acute hip fractures and 68 women were admitted for elective joint replacement. Of the women admitted for elective joint replacement, 17 had osteoporosis and 51 did not. Women with comorbid conditions or who were taking medications that affect bone density and turnover were excluded.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary measures were levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone; secondary measures were body composition and markers of bone turnover.ResultsWomen with hip fractures had lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than women without osteoporosis admitted for elective joint replacement (P=.02) and than women with osteoporosis admitted for elective joint replacement (P=.01) (medians, 32.4, 49.9, and 55.0 nmol/L, respectively; comparisons adjusted for age and estrogen intake). Parathyroid hormone levels were higher in women with fractures than women in the nonosteoporotic control group (P<.001) or than elective osteoporotic women (P=.001) (medians, 5.58, 3.26, and 3.79 pmol/L, respectively; comparisons adjusted for age and estrogen intake). Fifteen patients (50.0%) with hip fractures had deficient vitamin D levels (≤30.0 nmol/L) and 11 (36.7%) had a parathyroid hormone level greater than 6.84 pmol/L. Levels of N-telopeptide, a marker of bone resorption, were greater in the women with hip fractures than in the elective nonosteoporotic controls (P=.004).ConclusionsPostmenopausal community-living women who presented with hip fracture showed occult vitamin D deficiency. Repletion of vitamin D and suppression of parathyroid hormone at the time of fracture may reduce future fracture risk and facilitate hip fracture repair. Because vitamin D deficiency is preventable, heightened awareness is necessary to ensure adequate vitamin D nutrition, particularly in northern latitudes.
Can Patient Navigation Improve Receipt of Recommended Breast Cancer Care? Evidence From the National Patient Navigation Research Program
Authors: Naomi Y. Ko, Julie S. Darnell, Elizabeth Calhoun, Karen M. Freund, Kristin J. Wells, Charles L. Shapiro, Donald J. Dudley, Steven R. Patierno, Kevin Fiscella, Peter Raich, Tracy A. Battaglia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose Poor and underserved women face barriers in receiving timely and appropriate breast cancer care. Patient navigators help individuals overcome these barriers, but little is known about whether patient navigation improves quality of care. The purpose of this study is to examine whether navigated women with breast cancer are more likely to receive recommended standard breast cancer care. Patients and Methods Women with breast cancer who participated in the national Patient Navigation Research Program were examined to determine whether the care they received included the following: initiation of antiestrogen therapy in patients with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer; initiation of postlumpectomy radiation therapy; and initiation of chemotherapy in women younger than age 70 years with triple-negative tumors more than 1 cm. This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter quasi-experimental study funded by the National Cancer Institute to evaluate patient navigation. Multiple logistic regression was performed to compare differences in receipt of care between navigated and non-navigated participants. Results Among participants eligible for antiestrogen therapy, navigated participants (n = 380) had a statistically significant higher likelihood of receiving antiestrogen therapy compared with non-navigated controls (n = 381; odds ratio [OR], 1.73; P = .004) in a multivariable analysis. Among the participants eligible for radiation therapy after lumpectomy, navigated participants (n = 255) were no more likely to receive radiation (OR, 1.42; P = .22) than control participants (n = 297). Conclusion We demonstrate that navigated participants were more likely than non-navigated participants to receive antiestrogen therapy. Future studies are required to determine the full impact patient navigation may have on ensuring that vulnerable populations receive quality care.
Abstract 4989: Desmocollin 2 suppresses lung cancer cell migration and invasion through down-regulation of NDRG1 expression
Authors: Yu-Chih Hsu, Po-Chun Ou, Yu-Yi Chen, Meng-Feng Tsai
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Desmocollin-2 (Dsc2), a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein, is the most widely distributed form of desmocollins that plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal tissue architecture in epithelia. Reduced expression of Dsc2 has been reported in colorectal carcinomas, suggesting that Dsc2 may play a role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Recently, down-regulated of Dsc2 expression was also found in breast, esophageal, and lung carcinomas. Dsc2 may act as tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, the role of the Dsc2 in lung cancer cells is still unclear. In this study, we report that knockdown Dsc2 expression using small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach can promote lung cancer cell migration and invasion abilities. Consistent with these findings, ectopic expression of Dsc2 inhibited cell migration and invasion in lung cancer cells. Additionally, we also suggested that Dsc2 inhibited lung cancer cells motility and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through down-regulate NDRG1 and Slug expression. Citation Format: Yu-Chih Hsu, Po-Chun Ou, Yu-Yi Chen, Meng-Feng Tsai. Desmocollin 2 suppresses lung cancer cell migration and invasion through down-regulation of NDRG1 expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4989. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4989
A CASE OF ARGYRIA
Authors: DOUGLAS FIRTH, G. A. HARRISON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1924)

Journal Article A CASE OF ARGYRIA Get access DOUGLAS FIRTH, M.D., F.R.C.P., DOUGLAS FIRTH, M.D., F.R.C.P. Junior Physician, King's College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. A. HARRISON, B.A., M.B., B.Ch. G. A. HARRISON, B.A., M.B., B.Ch. Bio‐Chemist, King's College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 36, Issue 3, 1 March 1924, Pages 105–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1924.tb09166.x Published: 01 March 1924
General practitioners' perceptions of the tolerability of antidepressant drugs: a comparison of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: R. M Martin, S. R Hilton, S. M Kerry, N. M Richards
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine inceptions and discontinuations of antidepressants in general practice. <b>Design:</b> An observational study analysing data from an ongoing cross sectional postal survey. Every three months a representative sample of 250 doctors recorded prescribing activity for four weeks. This provided 4000 general practitioner weeks of recording per year. <b>Setting:</b> A representative panel of general practitioners in England, Wales, and Scotland. <b>Subjects:</b> Patients who began a new course of an antidepressant or had their treatment stopped or changed by the general practitioner between 1 July 1990 and 30 June 1995. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Numbers of patients prescribed a new course of antidepressant; numbers discontinuing treatment; the ratio of antidepressant discontinuations to antidepressant inceptions; reasons for discontinuation; proportion of switches to another antidepressant. <b>Results:</b> There were 13 619 inceptions and 3934 discontinuations of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants during the study. The number of newly prescribed courses of antidepressants increased by 116%, mostly due to an increase in prescribing of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ratio of total discontinuations to inceptions was significantly lower for serotonin reuptake inhibitors (22%) than for tricyclic antidepressants (33%). Differences persisted when controlled for age and sex of patients and severity of depression. However, there was more switching away from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when they failed (72%) than from tricyclic antidepressants (58%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are less likely than tricyclic antidepressants to be discontinued. A prospective study is needed in general practice to assess the implications of differences in discontinuation rates and switches on clinical and economic outcomes. <h3>Key messages</h3> The number of new prescriptions for antidepressants increased by 116% between 1990 and 1995, mostly due to increased prescribing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors In an observational study in general practice the ratio of antidepressant discontinuations to antidepressant inceptions was lower for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors than for tricyclic antidepressants Data suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are tolerated better in the general practice setting than tricyclic antidepressants However, there may be more switching away from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when they fail (72% in this series) than from tricyclic antidepressants (58%) Prospective studies are required in general practice to evaluate the implications of differences in discontinuation rates and switching on clinical and economic outcomes
Moments of truth
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The “ethics” strand that runs through this week’s BMJ starts with Nicholas Wright’s editorial on whether or not autistic enterocolitis is a real condition (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1807). He is commenting on Brian Deer’s dissection of the histopathological findings in the now-retracted Lancet paper on autism and the MMR vaccine (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1127). With the paper discredited and the original biopsy specimens not available, Wright concludes that it is hard to tell whether the condition exists: he relies on time to resolve the question, but he also reminds us that coauthorship “means bearing responsibility for what is written.”

Silvio Garattini and Vittorio Bertele’ think that responsibility and accountability in drug regulation are best fostered by transparency, and they argue in their Analysis article that the move of the European Medicines Agency from the EU’s Industry Directorate …
Health Care–Associated Hepatitis C Virus Infections Attributed to Narcotic Diversion
Authors: Walter C. Hellinger, Laura P. Bacalis, Robyn S. Kay, Nicola D. Thompson, Guo-Liang Xia, Yulin Lin, Yury E. Khudyakov, Joseph F. Perz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Three cases of genetically related hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that were unattributable to infection control breaches were identified at a health care facility.To investigate HCV transmission from an HCV-infected health care worker to patients through drug diversion.Cluster and look-back investigations.Acute care hospital and affiliated multispecialty clinic.Inpatients and outpatients during the period of HCV transmission.Employee work and narcotic dispensing records, blood testing for HCV antibody and RNA, and sequencing of the NS5B gene and the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene.21 employees were recorded as being at work or as retrieving a narcotic from an automated dispensing cabinet in an area where a narcotic was administered to each of the 3 case patients; all employees provided blood samples for HCV testing. One employee was infected with HCV that had more than 95% NS5B sequence homology with the HCV strains of the 3 case patients. Quasi-species analysis showed close genetic relatedness with variants from each of the case patients and more than 97.9% nucleotide identity. The employee acknowledged parenteral opiate diversion. An investigation identified 6132 patients at risk for exposure to HCV because of the drug diversion. Of the 3929 living patients, 3444 (87.7%) were screened for infection. Two additional cases of genetically related HCV infection attributable to the employee were identified.Of the living patients at risk for HCV exposure, 12.3% were not tested.Five cases of HCV infection occurring over 3 to 4 years were attributed to drug diversion by an HCV-infected health care worker. Studies of drug diversion and assessments of strategies to prevent narcotics tampering in all health care settings are needed.None.