tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update
Authors: Linda Cox, Harold Nelson, Richard Lockey, Christopher Calabria, Thomas Chacko, Ira Finegold, Michael Nelson, Richard Weber, David I. Bernstein, Joann Blessing-Moore, David A. Khan, David M. Lang, Richard A. Nicklas, John Oppenheimer, Jay M. Portnoy, Christopher Randolph, Diane E. Schuller, Sheldon L. Spector, Stephen Tilles, Dana Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Abstract 545: Frameshift mutations of chromosome cohesion-related genes SGOL1 and PDS5B in gastric and colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability
Authors: Min Sung Kim, Youn Jin Choi, Min Gwak, Hyerim Oh, Mi Ryoung Choi, Sun Yong Hwang, Nam Jin Yoo, Sug Hyung Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cohesin is a protein complex that regulates chromatid cohesion and plays a role in preventing aneuploidy and maintaining chromosomal stability. SGOL1 encodes a cohesin protector, and PDS5B encodes a regulatory cohesion factor. Both SGOL1 and PDS5B are considered putative tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this study was to explore whether SGOL1 and PDS5B genes are mutated and expressionally altered in gastric and colorectal cancers. A genome database indicated that both genes possessed mononucleotide repeats in coding sequences, which could be mutation targets in cancers with microsatellite instability. We analyzed mutations in 91 gastric cancers and 100 colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability or stable/low microsatellite instability by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. We also analyzed SGOL1 and PDS5B expression by immunohistochemistry. Overall, we found 21 SGOL1 frameshift mutations in 21 cases and 18 PDS5B frameshift mutations in 16 cases. SGOL1 and PDS5B frameshift mutations were detected in 26.6% and 20.3%, respectively, of high microsatellite instability but not in stable/low microsatellite instability (0/112). By immunohistochemistry, losses of SGOL1 and PDS5B were identified in 19% to 47% of the gastric and colorectal cancers irrespective of microsatellite instability status. The losses were more common in those with frameshift mutations or high microsatellite instability than those without mutations or high microsatellite instability. The data indicate that frameshift mutations of SGOL1 and PDS5B and the loss of their expression may be a feature of gastric and colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability. In addition, the data suggest that these alterations might contribute to cancer pathogenesis by deregulating cohesin-related functions. Citation Format: Min Sung Kim, Youn Jin Choi, Min Gwak, Hyerim Oh, Mi Ryoung Choi, Sun Yong Hwang, Nam Jin Yoo, Sug Hyung Lee. Frameshift mutations of chromosome cohesion-related genes SGOL1 and PDS5B in gastric and colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 545. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-545
Inhibition of T Cell Proliferation by Macrophage Tryptophan Catabolism
Authors: David H. Munn, Ebrahim Shafizadeh, John T. Attwood, Igor Bondarev, Achal Pashine, Andrew L. Mellor
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

We have recently shown that expression of the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) during murine pregnancy is required to prevent rejection of the allogeneic fetus by maternal T cells. In addition to their role in pregnancy, IDO-expressing cells are widely distributed in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Here we show that monocytes that have differentiated under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor acquire the ability to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro via rapid and selective degradation of tryptophan by IDO. IDO was induced in macrophages by a synergistic combination of the T cell-derived signals IFN-gamma and CD40-ligand. Inhibition of IDO with the 1-methyl analogue of tryptophan prevented macrophage-mediated suppression. Purified T cells activated under tryptophan-deficient conditions were able to synthesize protein, enter the cell cycle, and progress normally through the initial stages of G1, including upregulation of IL-2 receptor and synthesis of IL-2. However, in the absence of tryptophan, cell cycle progression halted at a mid-G1 arrest point. Restoration of tryptophan to arrested cells was not sufficient to allow further cell cycle progression nor was costimulation via CD28. T cells could exit the arrested state only if a second round of T cell receptor signaling was provided in the presence of tryptophan. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which antigen-presenting cells can regulate T cell activation via tryptophan catabolism. We speculate that expression of IDO by certain antigen presenting cells in vivo allows them to suppress unwanted T cell responses.
Proteinase-3 mRNA expressed by glomerular epithelial cells correlates with crescent formation in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Andreas Schwarting, Daniela Hagen, Margarethe Odenthal, Holger Brockmann, Hans-Peter Dienes, Eveline Wandel, Hans-Joachim Rumpelt, Karl-Herrmann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Peter Robert Galle, Werner Mayet
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN THE SELECTION AND PLACEMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC AIDES
Authors: EDGAR C. YERBURY, JULES D. HOLZBERG, SALVATORE L. ALESSI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

This paper describes the utilization of 2 psychological tests (Revised Beta Examination and Multiple Choice Rorschach) in the prediction of successful psychiatric aides. Psychiatric aides, 113 in number, were first classified into good and poor employees. Psychological tests were unsuccessful in discriminating between these 2 groups. However, when these 2 groups were refined into a definitely good group and a definitely poor group by eliminating marginal employees, psychological tests selected 32% of these very poor employees while only 5% of the very good employees were falsely identified. An attempt was also made to identify the charge attendant group but this was unsuccessful. Present findings indicate that further research utilizing a more extensive battery of psychological tests should lead to even more fruitful results in the problem of selection and placement of psychiatric aides.
INVERSION OF THE UTERUS, WITH REPORT OF TWO CASES REPLACED BY LAPAROTOMY.
Authors: L. V. FRIEDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Inversion of the uterus is that form of displacement in which the uterus is turned inside out. For some hundreds of years<sup>1</sup>it has been the custom to describe two forms—partial and incomplete. In the partial form the fundus, though indented, does not pass through the os externum; in the complete form the fundus has been expressed through the os, so that the entire uterine cavity is obliterated. As both the method of diagnosis and the treatment vary with the degree of inversion, I would suggest that the first be called "initial," the term "partial" being reserved for those cases in which, although the fundus has passed through the os externum into the vagina, the inversion has not proceeded far enough to obliterate the uterine cavity. This is in accord with the German terminology.<sup>2</sup> From a study of reported cases and from my own experience in the two
Immediate improvement of dysfunctional myocardial segments after coronary revascularization: Detection by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Eric J. Topol, James L. Weiss, Pablo A. Guzman, Sandra Dorsey-Lima, Thomas J.J. Blanck, Linda S. Humphrey, William A. Baumgartner, John T. Flaherty, Bruce A. Reitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Comparison of weight, depth, and diagnostic adequacy of specimens obtained with 16 different biopsy forceps designed for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Authors: B J Danesh, M Burke, J Newman, A Aylott, P Whitfield, P B Cotton
Journal: Gut (1985)

The influence of endoscopic forceps variables (size, design, and make) on biopsy specimen weight, depth, and diagnostic adequacy has been studied in vitro on normal human stomach, and in vivo at endoscopy in dog and in patients. Greater pressure during the biopsy procedure yielded significantly heavier, deeper, and histologically more acceptable specimens. Standard sized forceps (diameter 2.4 mm) and those with ellipsoid cups consistently produced larger specimens than the smaller 9paediatric9 forceps (1.8 mm) and those with round cups. Deeper specimens were also obtained using the standard forceps. In vitro and in vivo in the dog, the standard sized forceps also produced specimens of greater diagnostic adequacy than the paediatric forceps. At endoscopy in patients, however, we could not detect any influence of the size, shape, and presence of forceps spike or fenestration on the diagnostic adequacy of the specimens.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Response to Angry Faces in Men With Histories of Suicide Attempts
Authors: Fabrice Jollant, Natalia S. Lawrence, Vincent Giampietro, Michael J. Brammer, Miguel A. Fullana, Dominique Drapier, Philippe Courtet, Mary L. Phillips
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: The authors sought to elucidate the functional neural basis of the neurobiological abnormalities underlying the vulnerability to suicidal behavior. Method: Event-related functional MRI was used to measure neural activity in response to angry and happy versus neutral faces. Thirteen currently euthymic men with a history of major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior were compared with 14 currently euthymic men with a history of major depressive disorder but not of suicidal acts (affective comparison subjects) and 16 healthy male comparison subjects. Results: Relative to affective comparison subjects, suicide attempters showed greater activity in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann’s area 47) and decreased activity in the right superior frontal gyrus (area 6) in response to prototypical angry versus neutral faces, greater activity in the right anterior cingulate gyrus (area 32 extending to area 10) to mild happy versus neutral faces, and greater activity in the right cerebellum to mild angry versus neutral faces. However, activation in these frontal regions did not differ between healthy individuals and either patient group. Relative to healthy comparison subjects, both patient groups showed reduced activity in the right cerebellum to neutral faces and to mild happy versus neutral faces. Conclusions: Suicide attempters were distinguished from nonsuicidal patients by responses to angry and happy faces that may suggest increased sensitivity to others’ disapproval, higher propensity to act on negative emotions, and reduced attention to mildly positive stimuli. These patterns of neural activity and cognitive processes may represent vulnerability markers of suicidal behavior in men with a history of depression.
Aflatoxins in breast milk, neonatal cord blood, and serum of pregnant women
Authors: S M Lamplugh, R G Hendrickse, F Apeagyei, D D Mwanmut
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Aflatoxins in breast milk, neonatal cord blood, and serum of pregnant women Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites commonly found as toxic contaminants of food commodities in the tropics.'Aflatoxins have been detected in breast milk from mothers in the Sudan.2A study in the United States has shown that aflatoxins cross the complex porcine placenta and exert adverse biological effects on neonatal pigs.3Investigations conducted in Accra, Ghana, and Jos, Nigeria, therefore, sought to confirm the presence of aflatoxins in human breast milk and explored the possibility that aflatoxins cross the human placental membrane.
Platelet nitric oxide synthesis in uremia and malnutrition: A role for l-arginine supplementation in vascular protection?
Authors: T BRUNINI, A MENDESRIBEIRO, J ELLORY, G MANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

l-arginine is the physiological precursor for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and availability and transport of l-arginine modulate the rates of NO biosynthesis in circulating blood cells and the vasculature. NO is involved in many vascular functions such as vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation and adhesion. We have established that reduced plasma l-arginine and NO production and increased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein levels in malnourished uremic patients are associated with increased aggregability of platelets. Our findings may explain the increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with deficient nutritional status, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired l-arginine–NO signalling, and platelet activation. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether disturbances in the l-arginine–NO signalling pathway in chronic renal failure and atherosclerosis are affected by malnutrition and inflammation. We have included a brief overview of membrane transporters mediating influx of l-arginine and other cationic amino acids, as these transporters are involved in the potential benefits of l-arginine supplementation and platelet function in malnourished uremic patients.
Will screening individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events deliver large benefits? No
Authors: Rod Jackson, Sue Wells, Anthony Rodgers
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Department of Health is planning to identify and treat all adults over 40 at high risk of a cardiovascular event. <b>Rod Jackson and colleagues</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1371) argue that a well targeted programme will save many lives, but <b>Simon Capewell</b> thinks whole population approaches would be more cost effective
Beyond balance: To understand “bias,” social psychology needs to address issues of politics, power, and social perspective
Authors: Alexander Haslam, Tom Postmes, Jolanda Jetten
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Krueger &amp; Funder's (K&amp;F's) diagnosis of social psychology's obsession with bias is correct and accords with similar observations by self-categorization theorists. However, the analysis of causes is incomplete and suggestions for cures are flawed. The primary problem is not imbalance, but a failure to acknowledge that social reality has different forms, depending on one's social and political vantage point in relation to a specific social context.
862 Inhibition of jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) enhances CD95/FAS mediated apoptosis and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in liver cells
Authors: C KUNTZEN, A GERBES, S EICHHORST
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNKs) form one subfamily of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) group of serine/threonine protein kinases. The JNKs were first identified by their activation in response to a variety of extracellular stresses and their ability to phosphorylate the N-terminal transactivation domain of the transcription factor c-Jun. One approach to study the function of the JNKs has included in vivo gene knockouts of each of the three JNK genes. Whilst loss of either JNK1 or JNK2 alone appears to have no serious consequences, their combined knockout is embryonic lethal. In contrast, the loss of JNK3 is not embryonic lethal, but rather protects the adult brain from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. This latter example has generated considerable enthusiasm with JNK3, considered an appropriate target for the treatment of diseases in which neuronal death should be prevented (e.g. stroke, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). More recently, these gene knockout animals have been used to demonstrate that JNK could provide a suitable target for the protection against obesity and diabetes and that JNKs may act as tumour suppressors. Considerable effort is being directed to the development of chemical inhibitors of the activators of JNKs (e.g. CEP-1347, an inhibitor of the MLK family of JNK pathway activators) or of the JNKs themselves (e.g. SP600125, a direct inhibitor of JNK activity). These most commonly used inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy for use in vivo, with the successful intervention to decrease brain damage in animal models (CEP-1347) or to ameliorate some of the symptoms of arthritis in other animal models (SP600125). Alternative peptide-based inhibitors of JNKs are now also in development. The possible identification of allosteric modifiers rather than direct ATP competitors could lead to inhibitors of unprecedented specificity and efficacy.
REDUCTION OF DISLOCATED SHOULDER
Authors: Joseph Nash
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 24, 1932, page 2181, is presented "a new method" for reduction of dislocated shoulder, consisting essentially of lateral traction by means of a bandage passed over the left shoulder and under the right arm of the operator and then across the flexor aspect of the semiflexed elbow of the patient; the operator's palms rest against the patient's anterior and posterior axillary folds, his thumbs serving to push the head of the humerus into its socket. Success is reported in one case in which roentgen observations are not mentioned. It is stated that "a search of the literature has failed to reveal any similar method." Among others, the methods described by H. A. Lawton (Dislocation of Shoulder Joint,<i>Lancet</i><b>1</b>:525, 1881) and Hans Spitzy (Einfaches Einrenkungsverfahren bei Schulterluxationen,<i>Zentralbl. f. Chir.</i><b>43</b>:934, 1916) might be considered "similar." Recently, in a fairly complete
A Memorable Patient
Authors: Stephen Goldfinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor21 January 2003A Memorable PatientStephen Goldfinger, MDStephen Goldfinger, MDFrom Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA 02114Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-2-200301210-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The few of us who examined 2 years of correspondence before Mr. J.'s arrival at Massachusetts General Hospital were even more interested in meeting the man than in validating the exotic diagnosis we had made from his letters.Herman J., a native of Rumney, New Hampshire, announced himself to us in March 1958, using a lined sheet of paper, green ink, and handwriting from an earlier century. His request triggered a series of remarkable exchanges with Dr. Charles Clay, our hospital's assistant director at the time. Charlie Clay had grown up in rural New Hampshire within a few miles of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA 02114Corresponding Author: Stephen Goldfinger, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 January 2003Volume 138, Issue 2Page: 154-155KeywordsAppendectomyCarcinomatosisChartsChiropracticHeart murmursInflammationLiverSleepSurgeonsTouch ePublished: 21 January 2003 Issue Published: 21 January 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Story on smoking and poor people is incomplete
Authors: P. Jha, P. Musgrove, F. J Chaloupka, D. Yach
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Wiltshire et al have added to the tobacco control debate by documenting that smokers in deprived areas perceive a lack of support for cessation.1 Their findings need to be interpreted in the totality of the evidence.

Firstly, the study did not pose or answer the key question: “If the government were to subsidise nicotine replacement or other cessation programmes, would they take advantage of the subsidy and try to quit?” A “yes” answer would deserve respect and a public response, …
Villous Adenomas of the Large Intestine with Fluid and Electrolyte Depletion
Authors: Charles W. Findlay
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Mucorrhea was first noticed by a woman patient at the age of 39; in the ensuing 10 years it worsened until there were occasional discharges of mucus from the rectum during sleep. At the age of 50, serious electrolyte imbalance was manifested by neuromuscular symptoms including convulsions and coma, and the diagnosis of villous adenoma was made. The soft tumor, its surface covered with villous projections, was actively secreting mucus and completely lined the rectum. The affected segment of intestine was removed surgically, a temporary colostomy was made, and an anastomosis was established between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal. No signs of malignancy werefound. The colostomy was closed two months later, and the patient recovered normal gastrointestinal function as well as normal electrolyte balance.
Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width with Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Özgül Malçok Gürel, Ayse Bilgic, Bora Demirçelik, Mahmut Güneş, Ömer Çağlar Yılmaz, Fadime Bozduman, Kemal Kahyalar, Yusuf Selcoki, Aslı Atar, Beyhan Eryonucu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract B46: Proliferative suppression of anthraquinone derives emodin and aloe-emodin through selective targeting in prostate and breast cancer cells
Authors: Pao-Hsuan Huang, Ho Lin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Emodin and aloe-emodin are the main bioactive components of anthraquinones found in Chinese herbal medicine, Rhubarb (Rheum palmatum), and aloe-emodin is also abundant in the leaves of aloe vera. Although emodin and aloe-emodin are capable of inhibiting cancer cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis, the recent studies suggest that the molecular targets of these two anthraquinones are different. Emodin has been reported to suppress HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer cells proliferation through decreasing HER-2 tyrosine kinase activity. Besides, emodin affected androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity by preventing AR nuclear translocation and promoted AR degradation. Aloe-emodin has been found the antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells which is through estrogen receptor (ER)-modulating ability. Interestingly, emodin and aloe-emodin share similar structure with different functions by hitting different targets. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of aloe-emodin causing cancer cell death are interesting to explore. Here, three cancer cell lines were used in our experiments: LNCaP, a human prostate cancer cell line with AR expression; two human breast cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-453 with high expressions of HER-2 and AR; MCF-7 with low expressions of HER-2 and AR. In which, MCF-7 cells contain high expression level of ERα. Cells were treated with emodin or aloe-emodin for different time intervals and proliferation was determined. The results indicated that emodin decreased the proliferation of LNCaP and MDA-MB-453 which express high AR protein; however, MCF-7 with low AR protein were relatively insensitive to emodin treatment. Oppositely, aloe-emodin decreased cell proliferation in ER-positive MCF-7 cells but had no effects on LNCaP and MDA-MB-453 cells. Furthermore, the morphology of MCF-7 was dramatically changed after aloe-emodin treatment and cell death was apparently observed. The protein levels of HER-2, phospho-HER-2, and ErbB3 were decreased after aloe- emodin treatment while ERK was unaffected. In addition, the protein levels of ERα were reduced by aloe-emodin in dose-dependent manner; however, AR protein seems unaffected. In conclusion, our findings indicate that aloe-emodin selectively attacks targets in cancer cells and had potentials to treat HER-2/ER-positive breast cancer in the future. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B46.
Yin-Yang Activities and Vicious Cycles in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Isaac P. Witz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

A solid tumor is an ecosystem composed of tumor cells, resident and infiltrating nontumor cells, and molecules present in proximity to these cells. This ecosystem can be collectively described as the tumor microenvironment. Both the tumor cells as well as the neighboring nontumor cells take part in