tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging for Prostate Cancer: The Sixth Edition, 2002
Authors: S. S. Chang, M. B. Amin
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

The Sixth Edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system for prostate cancer attempts to provide a helpful staging paradigm for clinicians. Accurate staging is critical not only for managing individual patients, but also for ascertaining trends in disease pattern in a large population of patients with prostate cancer. Several modifications have been made in an attempt to improve the cohesiveness and uniformity of patient evaluation and to aid in future meaningful clinical research. As data are accumulated and analysis continues, ongoing critical evaluation of this staging system will undoubtedly incorporate new evidence-based factors and bring about future refinements to prostate cancer staging.
Activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is an oncogene that contributes to tumor progression in multiple myeloma
Authors: Marta Chesi, Leslie A. Brents, Sarah A. Ely, Carlos Bais, Davide F. Robbiani, Enrique A. Mesri, W. Michael Kuehl, P. Leif Bergsagel
Journal: Blood (2001)
<i>Propionibacterium</i>species and follicular keratinocyte activation in acneic and normal skin
Authors: A.C. Jahns, H. Eilers, R. Ganceviciene, O.A. Alexeyev
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial with increased sebum production, alteration in the quality of sebum lipids, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, follicular hyperkeratinization and Propionibacterium acnes-driven inflammation as major contributory factors. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes is believed to contribute to hypercornification and eventually leads to comedone development. While the distribution of P. acnes is relatively well documented in acneic and healthy skin, little is known about P. granulosum and P. avidum.To visualize directly the three major Propionibacterium in 117 control and 26 acneic skin samples. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation was evaluated.Propionibacteria were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy, and keratinocyte proliferation was assessed by Ki67, keratin (K) 16 and p63 immunochemistry.P. acnes was identified in 68 samples (48%), while P. granulosum was identified in 12 (8%) samples; P. avidum was not detected at all. Unexpectedly, acne samples did not show higher keratinocyte proliferation than controls, nor was there any association between bacterial colonization and expression of Ki67/K16/p63.Our findings do not support earlier notions of follicular keratinocyte hyperproliferation as a cause of ductal hypercornification in acneic facial skin. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying hypercornification in acne pathogenesis are needed.
Human rights group attacks Israeli government for violating medical ethics in its treatment of hunger strikers
Authors: T. Traubmann
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two Palestinian detainees held in Israeli prisons are at immediate risk of death as the hunger strike over administrative detention enters its 72nd day. The two detainees, Bilal Diab and Thaer Halahleh, are a part of the hunger strike that began on 17 April and now involves 1600-2000 detainees held in Israeli prisons, according to a report published on 8 May by Physicians for Human Rights—Israel.

The hunger strikers demand that Israel stops its practice of administrative detention (imprisoning people without indictment or trial, for an unlimited amount of time), solitary confinement, and other punitive …
P236 Cystic Fibrosis deaths in USA and UK: comparisons of registry and routine data
Authors: F. Chowdhury, M. J. Wildman, E. Gunn, D. Bilton
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> MDT care in dedicated centres has been a contributor to improved Cystic Fibrosis (CF) survival and in UK and USA outcomes for patients in centres, and is collected by national CF registries. Routine national death data using ICD-10 codes will identify all CF deaths giving an indication of how many deaths occur in patients not receiving centre care. It might be suspected that the UK health service with universal access might have a different mix of patients in the CF registry than the US insurance based health system despite the US CF foundation9s attempts to reduce barriers to care. This study compared registry and routine deaths in UK and USA. <h3>Methods</h3> UK and US routine deaths for ICD-10 E84 are provided in 5 year age bands and the age of death was taken as the midpoint age in the band. Medians were calculated with STATA. <h3>Results</h3> US routine data are not yet published for 2007 onwards. The Abstract P236 table 1 shows total deaths and median age at death derived from routine and registry data for USA and UK. <h3>Discussion</h3> Both the US and UK have around 20% of CF deaths occurring outside centres though in 2009 in the UK this fell to 4%. In 3 out of the 5 years that allow comparison the median age at death was higher in UK registry data compared to the USA. Contrary to expectation the median age at death derived from routine data are higher than the age of death from registry data in all years where comparison is possible. Interestingly, in the US routine data the distribution were different to the UK with many more very old (over 70) patients. The increased age at death in routine data may in part reflect the imprecision related to the routine data only providing age at death in 5 year bands. The apparent higher proportion of very elderly in the US is intriguing and invites further study.
Association of Mu-Opioid Receptor Variants and Response to Citalopram Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Holly A. Garriock, Michael Tanowitz, Jeffrey B. Kraft, Vu C. Dang, Eric J. Peters, Greg D. Jenkins, Megan S. Reinalda, Patrick J. McGrath, Mark von Zastrow, Susan L. Slager, Steven P. Hamilton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Objective Because previous preclinical and clinical studies have implicated the endogenous opioid system in major depression and in the neurochemical action of antidepressants, the authors examined how DNA variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene may influence population variation in response to citalopram treatment. Method A total of 1,953 individuals from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study were treated with citalopram and genotyped for 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 100-kb region of the OPRM1 gene. The sample consisted of Non-Hispanic Caucasians, Hispanic Caucasians, and African Americans. Population stratification was corrected using 119 ancestry informative markers and principal components analysis. Markers were tested for association with phenotypes for general and specific citalopram response as well as remission. Results Association between one SNP and specific citalopram response was observed. After Bonferroni correction, the strongest finding was the association between the rs540825 SNP and specific response. The rs540825 polymorphism is a nonsynonymous SNP in the final exon of the μ-opioid receptor-1X isoform of the OPRM1 gene, resulting in a histidine to glutamine change in the intracellular domain of the receptor. When Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Caucasians were analyzed separately, similar results in the population-corrected analyses were detected. Conclusions These results suggest that rates of response to antidepressants and consequent remission from major depressive disorder are influenced by variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene as a result of either an effect on placebo response or true pharmacologic response.
Arsenical Poisoning without Visible Anatomical Post-mortem Changes
Authors: A. S. Curry, H. Lederer
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDICBALJOURNALinvestigations.By the time he reached hospital in England his condition had undergone spontaneous remission, and observation and investigation failed to demonstrate anything further.He was accordingly returned to full normal duty.On examination at the time of admission he was a healthy young man of better than average physique, well nourished, and of good colour.Physical examination was completely negative.His blood pressure was 120/60, his optic fundi were normal, there was no visible or palpable lymphangiosis, lymphangitis, or lymphadenitis; there was no oedema, local or general.Both testes and cords were normal.Neither kidney was palpable.His urine was obviously opalescent and pale yellow in colour.Investigations.-Examination of the urine confirmed the findings of albumin, red cells, and white cells, but also showed the presence of fat in quantity, about 50 mg.per 100 ml..~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. ....After the injection of a small additional quantity of dye into both sides.The described leak is easily seen on the right side.
mRNA expression profiles for Escherichia coli ingested by normal and phagocyte oxidase-deficient human neutrophils
Authors: Benjamin J. Staudinger, Michele A. Oberdoerster, Patrick J. Lewis, Henry Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

To gain a better understanding of bacterial responses to complex and hostile environments generated within the neutrophil phagosome, we estimated mRNA abundance, using genomic arrays, in Escherichia coli cells ingested by normal and phagocyte oxidase-deficient human neutrophils. Genes regulated by the oxidant sensing transcription factor OxyR were among those strongly induced upon phagocytosis by normal, but not oxidase-deficient, neutrophils. Several genes related to nitrogen metabolism, especially those regulated by the NtrC and NAC proteins and transcribed via the ς54 alternative sigma factor, were suppressed by both normal and oxidase-deficient neutrophils. A ΔoxyRS mutant strain of E. coli was significantly more susceptible than the parent strain to neutrophil-mediated killing, which suggests that OxyR-regulated gene products contribute a measure of resistance to neutrophil antimicrobial systems. The hypersusceptibility of the ΔoxyRS mutant was attenuated when oxidase-deficient neutrophils were employed, suggesting that much of the protection afforded by the OxyR regulon is against oxidative antimicrobial factors. Expression profiling of phagocytosed bacteria appears to provide useful information about conditions in the phagocytic vacuole and about bacterial defenses mounted in response to this hostile environment.
The lingering death of the autopsy
Authors: Barry Monk
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Drs Ayoub and Chow are to be commended for their article in the April issue of JRSM (JRSM 2008;101:177–181) documenting the sad decline of the autopsy in modern medicine.1

I was a clinical medical student at Westminster Medical School (1972–1975) and attendance at the lunchtime postmortem demonstration was a most valuable learning experience. Seeing two postmortems a day with the relevant history was of immense educational value from the clinical point of view, but even more importantly it taught humility. Attending the postmortem of a patient who you had cared for in life was definitely felt to be performing a last act of respect to the deceased.

Furthermore I have known many occasions when the performance of a postmortem examination has been regarded as a very positive act by the family, allowing them a better understanding of the final illness.

Many doctors feel inhibited by asking for permission, but we abandon this cornerstone of medical practice at our, and our patients, peril.
Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability, Carotid Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Events in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Giuseppe Mancia, Rita Facchetti, Gianfranco Parati, Alberto Zanchetti
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— In high-cardiovascular-risk treated hypertensive patients, the incidence of cardiovascular events has been reported to relate to visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability. We investigated whether visit-to-visit BP variability is prognostically important in treated mildly to moderately hypertensive patients in whom treatment aims at avoiding events but also at preventing or delaying progression of organ damage. Methods and Results— We analyzed the pooled data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind 4-year trial of the effect of lacidipine or atenolol on echographic carotid intima-media thickness. Visit-to-visit BP variability was assessed by the coefficient of variation or the SD of the mean on-treatment systolic BP (SBP) obtained at 6- (clinic BP) and 12- (24 hours BP) month intervals, respectively (1521 and 1264 patients, respectively). In a multivariable linear regression model, mean on-treatment clinic or 24-hour SBP, but not SBP coefficient of variation or SD, was associated with end-of-treatment carotid intima-media thickness. Intima-media thickness increased progressively from the lowest to highest quartile of mean on-treatment clinic or 24-hour SBP (adjusted P for trend=0.046 and 0.048) but not along similar quartiles of SBP coefficient of variation or SD. In a multivariable logistic regression model, mean BP, but not variability, was associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions— In mildly to moderately hypertensive patients, carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular outcomes were related to the mean clinic or ambulatory SBP achieved by treatment but not to on-treatment visit-to-visit clinic or 24-hour BP variability. Thus, when BP is modestly elevated, inconsistency of BP control between visits plays a less important prognostic role than long-term average BP levels.
Practical Strategies in Pediatric Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Jonathan D. K. Trager
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Is another book on pediatric diagnosis and therapy really needed? Who has the time or energy to invest in another text? The answers are yes, if it's this one, and you had better, if you take care of children. This is a book to be reckoned with—it is the best and most practical one I have seen on the subject. The stated goal of<i>Practical Strategies in Pediatric Diagnosis and Therapy</i>is "to put into a written text the verbal teaching rounds-based approaches toward clinical problem solving of the many expert clinician-educators who present at teaching conferences." This is a worthy goal, as it is these clinicians, these mentors, to whom we gravitate because of their ability to teach, to make things clear, to demand attention to detail while not losing sight of the bigger picture. The editors have chosen their authormentors well, as the final product could not be
Telling the right patient.
Authors: J Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

for the immediate management of the patient, there is con- siderable room for a reduction in cost with no loss of effective- ness.Payments of over £20 000 were made for emergency biochemistry calls in this hospital in 1978-9.Although there is little published information, comparison with Scottish laboratories of similar size shows that we do not have a uniquely large out-of-hours work load in relation to total work load.3Perhaps these costs are not excessive: they amount to about £3 an hour for emergency cover outside normal laboratory hours for 365 days a year (including weekends and holidays), cost under 2 5%, of the total drug bill, and are of the same order as the annual expenditure in this hospital on cimetidine.Nevertheless, they can clearly be reduced with no loss of effectiveness.How may this be achieved?The number of emergency requests was not altered by the survey itself, nor by a poster demonstration of its results.Our survey showed that senior registrars and consultants were considerably more efficient than their junior staff in instigating effective investigations, although they may have seen a different type of patient.It has been suggested that greater teaching emphasis should be placed on the "patient care-laboratory interface" when training house staff.4There is impressive evidence from Harvard Medical School that a reduction of nearly one-half in all biochemical and serological tests requested by junior clinical staff was achieved by four one-hour sessions early in their internships, during which juniors discussed the case notes of their patients with their seniors; this reduction in requests for tests was sustained.5Previous studies have shown similar results.6We believe that this approach to postgraduate medical education will prove the most appropriate way to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of clinical investigation.Consultants in the clinical specialties should consider the evidence that they and those responsible to them are using the available resources inefficiently, and that a short period spent with newly appointed house staff on reviewing case notes will be both practically and intellectually rewarding.
Transient loss of consciousness and a heart murmur
Authors: C. Kiblbock, W. Schutzenberger, J. Kammler, J. Demmer, F. Leisch
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 28 year old white woman was admitted after transient loss of consciousness. She remembered repeatedly lifting her neighbour’s child and finding herself on the floor the next moment. She had no nausea, sweating, or blurred vision before or after the event. Her husband confirmed that she had suddenly stopped in her movement, fallen down, and fully recovered within moments. She had never experienced such an episode before. However, she had experienced chest pain during physical exertion in the past three months. She had no previous medical history, an unremarkable family history, and was not taking medication. On physical examination she was alert and oriented, with a heart rate of 70 beats/min and a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg. She had no signs of a tongue bite, injury, or incontinence. On auscultation, she had a midsystolic murmur over the right second intercostal space, with radiation into both carotid arteries. Electrocardiography showed a sinus rhythm with biphasic T-waves in III and aVF. Full blood count, electrolytes, glucose, renal function, liver function, and C reactive protein were normal. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 22 mm/h (normal <11 mm/h). ### Short answers
Laminin-5 stimulates hepatocellular carcinoma growth through a different function of α6β4 and α3β1 integrins
Authors: Carlo Bergamini, Concetta Sgarra, Paolo Trerotoli, Luigi Lupo, Amalia Azzariti, Salvatore Antonaci, Gianluigi Giannelli
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth severely affects prognosis. Ki-67, a known marker of cell proliferation, is a negative prognostic factor in HCC. Growth factors such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) induce HCC cell proliferation but do not explain the great heterogeneity of HCC growth. Laminin-5 (Ln-5) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) present in the tissue microenvironment of HCC. The two main receptors for Ln-5, integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4, are expressed on the cell surface of HCC cells. The aim of this study is to investigate an alternative mechanism of HCC growth whereby Ln-5 promotes HCC cell proliferation through alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4. HCC tissues containing Ln-5 display a larger diameter and higher number of positive cells for Ki-67, a well known proliferative index, as determined by double immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR on microdissected tissues. In vitro, Ln-5, but not collagen I, collagen IV or fibronectin, induces proliferation as much as EGF does, via Erk phosphorylation as a consequence of beta4 integrin phosphorylation. However, the two HCC cell lines do not proliferate in presence of Ln-5 despite beta4 integrin and Erk1/2 activation. After transfection with alpha3 integrin, in the presence of Ln-5 one of these HCC cell lines acquires a proliferative activity whereas one of the proliferative HCC cell lines, knocked-down for alpha3 integrin, loses its proliferative activity.Our study suggests a new mechanism of HCC growth whereby Ln-5 stimulates proliferation via a different function of alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1.
A structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain–containing protein is required for RNA-directed DNA methylation
Authors: Tatsuo Kanno, Etienne Bucher, Lucia Daxinger, Bruno Huettel, Gudrun Böhmdorfer, Wolfgang Gregor, David P Kreil, Marjori Matzke, Antonius J M Matzke
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Severe mosquito bite hypersensitivity, natural killer cell leukaemia, latent or chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection and hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruption
Authors: None Tokura, None Ishihara, None Ohshima, None Hidano, None Koide, None Seo, None Takigawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Severe mosquito bite hypersensitivity, natural killer cell leukaemia, latent or chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection and hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruption Get access Tokura, Tokura Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa‐cho, Hamamatsu 431–31, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ishihara, Ishihara Section of Paediatrics, Kashihara Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ohshima, Ohshima Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hidano, Hidano Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's College, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koide, Koide Section of Dermatology, Hamamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seo, Seo Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa‐cho, Hamamatsu 431–31, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takigawa Takigawa Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa‐cho, Hamamatsu 431–31, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 138, Issue 5, 1 May 1998, Pages 905–906, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02236.x Published: 01 May 1998
Let's talk about opting in or out of "not for resuscitation"
Authors: R. D. Anthony-Pillai
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It is disheartening to see a dignified death sabotaged by an ill considered attempt at resuscitation.1 Herein lies the problem—how many patients on palliative care registers actively have their resuscitation status considered? Hospitals make resuscitation decisions on all their patients, yet patients who are not for resuscitation in hospital can be discharged …
The Elusive Path to Health Care Sustainability
Authors: John C. Lewin, G. Lawrence Atkins, Larry McNeely
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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