tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Immunotargeting to Endothelial Surface in a Specific Macrodomain in Alveolar Capillaries
Authors: JUAN CARLOS MURCIANO, D. WIN HARSHAW, LUCIAN GHITESCU, SERGEI M. DANILOV, VLADIMIR R. MUZYKANTOV
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

A novel 85 kD glycoprotein (gp85) is a marker of the avesicular zone, a thin part of pulmonary endothelial cells separating alveolar and vascular compartments and lacking vesicles. This report presents the first evaluation whether mAb 30B3, a monoclonal antibody to gp85, can be used for targeting of drugs to the surface of lung endothelium. 125I-mAb 30B3 accumulated in isolated perfused lungs (IPL) (22.8 +/- 1.1 versus 0.5 +/- 0.1 %ID/g for 125I-IgG) and accumulated preferentially in the lungs after intravenous or intraarterial injection (10.9 +/- 0.7 and 11.0 +/- 1.5 versus 0.9 +/- 0.2 %ID/g for 125I-IgG). 125I-mAb 30B3 uptake in IPL was rapid (T1/2 15 min), saturable (Bmax appr. 10(5) molecules/cell), specific (inhibited by nonlabeled mAb 30B3) and temperature independent (26.3 +/- 2.1 versus 22.8 +/- 1.1 %ID/g at 6 degrees C versus 37 degrees C). Biotinylated mAb 30B3 permitted subsequent accumulation of perfused avidin derivative in IPL. Because these data indicated that mAb 30B3 binds to an accessible, poorly internalizable antigen in the lung, we conjugated mAb 30B3 with a plasminogen activator, 125I-tPA. After intravenous injection in rats, lung-to-blood ratio was 8.4 +/- 0.9 for mAb 30B3/125I-tPA versus 0.4 +/- 0.1 for IgG/125I-tPA, indicating that mAb 30B3 may deliver drugs, which was supposed to exert therapeutic action in the vascular lumen (e.g., antithrombotic proteins), to the surface of pulmonary endothelium.
Metastasizing atrial myxoma: a case with multiple subcutaneous tumours
Authors: N. OKADA, T. YAMAMURA, Y. KITANO, T. NAKAMURA, H. KAMIDO, Y. MATSUZAWA, S. KATAYAMA, K. OHARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

We report a case with rapidly growing subcutaneous and intra-muscular tumours that were identical histopathologically to a pre-existing left atrial myxoma. No invasion of visceral organs or skeleton was found. This is a very rare case of metastasizing myxoma with wide dissemination and rapid metastastic growth, despite the benign appearance of the original tumour.
Lesson of the week: Bilateral renovascular disease causing cardiorenal failure
Authors: A. Brammah
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consider renovascular disease in patients with cardiorenal failure 

The association between heart failure and bilateral renovascular disease was first recorded in 1988 and has since been the subject of numerous reports.1–12 Acute or “flash” pulmonary oedema is most commonly described, but chronic heart failure can also occur. Heart failure is thought to arise when the kidneys, “protected” by bilateral stenoses, fail to mount a pressure natriuresis to high arterial pressure. The syndrome is therefore characterised by fluid retention rather than ventricular failure. Clinical clues include the association of cardiac and renal failure with hypertension, widespread vascular disease, inequality of renal size (1.5 cm difference) on ultrasonography, and a reversible increase in serum creatinine concentrations after taking an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.13 A proportion of patients with this clinical syndrome may be cured by renal revascularisation. We report on such a case.

A 75 year old woman with moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an inferior myocardial infarction required temporary haemodialysis when she became moribund with cardiorenal failure while receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Blood pressure was 102/58 mm Hg, and she had gross pulmonary and peripheral oedema. Her serum creatinine concentration was 731 µmol/l (reference range 70-120 µmol/l). She had had three less severe episodes of cardiorenal failure in the previous 15 months, each associated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (fig 1). On ultrasonography the left kidney measured 7.0 cm and the right kidney 9.5 cm. Arteriography showed occlusion of the …
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Admixture in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: W. K. ELTRINGHAM, R. SCHRÖDER, M. JENNY, J. M. MATLOFF, R. M. ZOLLINGER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for mitral insufficiency develop significant hypoxemia after surgery. This is due mostly to true shunt, but there is a significant contribution due to ventilation-perfusion abnormalities. The condition persists for eight to ten days but is reversible. Breathing 100% oxygen in the postoperative period reduced cardiac output and pulmonary artery pressure and increased arteriovenous oxygen content differences. A redistribution of pulmonary blood flow is suggested by these findings, and accordingly the value for true shunt may vary with changing inspired oxygen concentrations.
Hydrolysis of β-naphthyl acetate by plasma and by skin extracts from normal and atopic subjects
Authors: D.W.K. COTTON, JOSE J.M.A. HURK, P.D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Hydrolysis of β‐naphthyl acetate by plasma and by skin extracts from normal and atopic subjects Get access D.W.K. COTTON, D.W.K. COTTON Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOSÉ J.M.A. VAN DEN HURK, JOSÉ J.M.A. VAN DEN HURK Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. MIER P.D. MIER Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 June 1973, Pages 575–578, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08021.x Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Accepted: 28 November 1972 Published: 01 June 1973
Patients' experience of obtaining self-samples to diagnose curable sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review
Authors: Priyamvada Paudyal, Carrie Llewellyn, Jason Lau, Mohammad Mahmud, Helen Smith
Journal: The Lancet (2014)

BackgroundRoutine screening is key to prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections. Evidence suggests that clinic-based screening programmes capture only a small proportion of people with these infections. Self-sampling using non-invasive or or minimally invasive techniques might be beneficial for people who are reluctant to engage with conventional methods. We systematically reviewed studies of patients' experiences of obtaining self-samples to diagnose curable sexually transmitted infections.MethodsWe seached Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, BNI, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify relevant articles published in English between Jan 1, 1980, and March 28, 2014. Key words used were "self-sampl*" or "home-sampl*" or "self-test*" or "home-test*" or "self-swab*" or "home-swab*" or "self-collect*" or "home-collect*" and were combined with "acceptab*" or "prefer*" or "experience*" or "feasib*". Studies were included if participants self-sampled for the diagnosis of a curable sexually transmitted infection and had specifically sought participants' opinions of their experience, acceptability, preferences, or willingness to self-sample.Findings45 studies were eligible for inclusion. Many variations existed, particularly of screening methods, settings of self-sampling (ranging from specialist centres to non-specialist health-care settings), and methods of ascertaining acceptability. 22 studies reported that the self-sampling experience was generally well received, highly acceptable, or comfortable. The 28 studies describing ease of self-sampling reported it as an easy procedure. Self-sampling was favoured over clinician sampling, and home sampling was preferred to clinic-based sampling. Female and older participants were more accepting of self-sampling than male and younger participants. Only a small minority of participants reported pain during self-sampling. Participants were willing to undergo self-sampling and recommend others to use self-sampling in the future. Safety was the most common concern followed by confidentiality and privacy. Only six studies used validated questionnaires.InterpretationOur systematic review found that self-sampling for diagnostic testing is well accepted, with most people having a positive experience and willingness to use it again. Most studies were conducted in non-specialist health-care settings, making the findings of our review more generalisable. Standardisation of self-sampling procedures and rigorous validation of outcome measurement will lead to better comparability across studies. Future studies need to conduct rigorous economic evaluations of self-sampling to develop an effective policy for the management of sexually transmitted infections.FundingNone.
Use of chloramphenicol as topical eye medication: time to cry halt?
Authors: M. Doona, J B. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Chloramphenicol accounts for over half the general medical services prescriptions for ocular antibiotics in the Republic of Ireland, while in the United Kingdom 55% of patients presenting to general practitioners with “red eyes” are treated with chloramphenicol eye ointment.1 The British National Formulary currently recommends chloramphenicol as the drug of choice for superficial eye infections. It has the advantage that it has a broad spectrum of activity and rarely causes local irritation or hypersensitivity, which may be a problem with other antibiotics. Yet on our wards we no longer prescribe topical ocular chloramphenicol. Why?

Since 1950, when Rich et al highlighted the relation between oral chloramphenicol and bone marrow aplasia,2 doctors have been well aware of this side effect. The first death resulting from bone marrow aplasia induced by chloramphenicol eye drops was described by Rosenthal and Blackman in 1955.3 Numerous subsequent …
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide facilitates atrioventricular nodal conduction and shortens atrial and ventricular refractory periods in conscious and anesthetized dogs.
Authors: D F Rigel, D A Lathrop
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Our study was designed to determine the cardiac electrophysiological influence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in conscious dogs. Dogs (n = 8) were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters, cervical vagal cooling coils, and right atrial and right ventricular bipolar epicardial pacing and recording electrodes. After autonomic blockade (10 mg/kg i.v. hexamethonium, 0.11 mg/kg i.v. atropine, and vagal cold blockade), VIP (50 and 100 pmol/kg/min i.v.) or isoproterenol (ISO) (250 and 500 pmol/kg/min i.v.) increased heart rate (maximum increases: VIP, 81.1 +/- 4.2 beats/min; ISO, 61.3 +/- 8.5 beats/min), decreased the atrial-ventricular interval (during constant atrial pacing) (VIP, -41.9 +/- 6.3 msec; ISO, -34.6 +/- 7.4 msec), shortened the atrial effective refractory period (VIP, -24.4 +/- 2.1 msec; ISO, -30.6 +/- 4.4 msec) and ventricular effective refractory period (VIP, -4.2 +/- 0.7 msec; ISO, -10.0 +/- 2.4 msec), and decreased mean arterial pressure (VIP, -51.9 +/- 4.0 mm Hg; ISO, -26.1 +/- 2.4 mm Hg). beta-Adrenergic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) eliminated the positive chronotropic and atrioventricular nodal dromotropic responses to bolus doses of ISO (30, 100, 300, and 1,000 pmol/kg i.v.) but did not affect the responses to VIP (10, 30, 100, and 300 pmol/kg i.v.). Comparable blood pressure decreases produced by sodium nitroprusside caused only minimal changes in heart rate, atrial-ventricular conduction times, and atrial and ventricular refractory periods. In three additional anesthetized dogs, after vagotomy and beta-adrenergic blockade (1 mg/kg i.v. propranolol), VIP (100 pmol/kg/min i.v.) shortened the atrial-His interval but did not alter intra-atrial, intraventricular, or His-Purkinje conduction. Our findings combined with the demonstration by others of VIP-immunoreactive nerves innervating canine sinus nodal cells, atrioventricular nodal cells, and atrial and ventricular myocardial cells suggest that endogenous VIP may directly alter the electrical properties of the heart.
Biphasic redistribution of muscarinic receptor and the altered receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription are underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during sepsis
Authors: L Dong
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate intracellular redistribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (m2AChR) and the roles of receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription as underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis. Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The density of m2AChR in the sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was studied using [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB). Phosphorylation of m2AChR was studied by labeling of the myocardial ATP pool by perfusing isolated hearts with [32P]H3PO4 followed by identification of the phosphorylated m2AChR with SDS–PAGE. The steady-state level of m2AChR mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis. Results: Septic rat hearts exhibit an initial hypercardiodynamic (9 h after CLP, early sepsis) and a subsequent hypocardiodynamic (18 h after CLP, late sepsis) state. During early sepsis, the Bmax for [3H]-QNB binding was increased in sarcolemma (+69%) but decreased in light vesicles (−22%), whereas during late sepsis, the Bmax was decreased in sarcolemma (−20%) but increased in light vesicles (+32%). The sum of Bmax for sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was increased during early sepsis (+43%) but decreased during late sepsis (−14%). The phosphorylation of m2AChR was decreased during early sepsis (−73%) but increased during late sepsis (+36% to +90%). The m2AChR mRNA abundance was increased during early sepsis (+52%) but decreased during late sepsis (−28%). Conclusions: The m2AChR in the rat heart was externalized from light vesicles to sarcolemma (overexpression) during early sepsis but internalized from surface membranes to intracellular sites (underexpression) during late sepsis. Furthermore, changes in the receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription are responsible for the biphasic redistribution and the altered expression of m2AChR in the rat heart during the progression of sepsis.
Diagnosis of Chronic Manganese Intoxication by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Antonio Arjona, Marina Mata, Macarena Bonet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Manganese intoxication is a well-known cause of parkinsonism and dementia. It affects miners, welders, steelworkers, pyrotechnists, and workers in other occupations. The diagnostic hallmarks are occupational exposure, a compatible clinical syndrome, and high levels of manganese in blood or urine.1 Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of manganese intoxication.2 We describe a case of manganese encephalopathy that began with a drop attack and that was diagnosed with cranial MRI. A 54-year-old building worker who was frequently in contact with welders reported having sudden unprovoked falls without loss of consciousness . . .
Recommendations of the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine
Authors: Milton C. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop consensus-based recommendations for the conduct of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). This article, the second in a 3-part series, describes the basis for recommendations constituting the reference case analysis, the set of practices developed to guide CEAs that inform societal resource allocation decisions, and the content of these recommendations. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, a nonfederal panel with expertise in CEA, clinical medicine, ethics, and health outcomes measurement, was convened by the US Public Health Service (PHS). <h3>Evidence.</h3> —The panel reviewed the theoretical foundations of CEA, current practices, and alternative methods used in analyses. Recommendations were developed on the basis of theory where possible, but tempered by ethical and pragmatic considerations, as well as the needs of users. <h3>Consensus Process.</h3> —The panel developed recommendations through 21/2 years of discussions. Comments on preliminary drafts prepared by panel working groups were solicited from federal government methodologists, health agency officials, and academic methodologists. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The panel's methodological recommendations address (1) components belonging in the numerator and denominator of a cost-effectiveness (C/E) ratio; (2) measuring resource use in the numerator of a C/E ratio; (3) valuing health consequences in the denominator of a C/E ratio; (4) estimating effectiveness of interventions; (5) incorporating time preference and discounting; and (6) handling uncertainty. Recommendations are subject to the "rule of reason," balancing the burden engendered by a practice with its importance to a study. If researchers follow a standard set of methods in CEA, the quality and comparability of studies, and their ultimate utility, can be much improved.
TCT-654 Effects of Bioabsorbable Versus Durable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stent on Neoatherosclerosis : Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis
Authors: Cheol woong Yu, Jae Young Cho, Hyung Joon Joo, Jae Hyoung Park, Soon Jun Hong, Do-Sun Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Interferon-αCon1 suppresses proliferation of liver cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Toru Hisaka, Hirohisa Yano, Sachiko Ogasawara, Seiya Momosaki, Naoyo Nishida, Yumi Takemoto, Sakiko Kojiro, Yuno Katafuchi, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Control of Prolactin in Man
Authors: W. P. VanderLaan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The isolation of human growth hormone, an important event of nearly 20 years ago, was followed by the observation that unusual lactogenic activity resided in this polypeptide. As a result the notion became widespread that evolution to the primate form had entailed incorporation of prolactin into the growth hormone molecule. As noted elsewhere,1 this hypothesis posed difficult problems in hormonal control. Although the physiology of growth hormone and prolactin release remain complex, they can now be approached separately. The pioneering work of Pasteels2 , 3 over several years forced reconsideration of the earlier notion, which dying hard, gasped its last when Lewis . . .
Recent National Trends in the Use of Adolescent Inpatient Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Deirdre C. Kelleher, Chaya T. Merrill, Linda T. Cottrell, Evan P. Nadler, Randall S. Burd
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To determine the current rate of inpatient bariatric surgical procedures among adolescents and to analyze national trends of use from 2000 to 2009.Retrospective cross-sectional study.Discharge data obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database, 2000 through 2009.Adolescents (defined herein as individuals aged 10-19 years) undergoing inpatient bariatric procedures.Inpatient bariatric surgery.The primary outcome measure was the national population-based bariatric procedure rate. The secondary outcome measures were trends in procedure rates and type, demographics, complication rate, length of stay, and hospital charges from 2000 through 2009.The inpatient bariatric procedure rate increased from 0.8 per 100 000 in 2000 to 2.3 per 100 000 in 2003 (328 vs 987 procedures) but did not change significantly in 2006 (2.2 per 100 000) or 2009 (2.4 per 100 000), with 925 vs 1009 procedures. The use of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding approached one-third (32.1%) of all procedures by 2009. The cohort was predominantly female and older than 17 years. The prevalence of comorbidities increased from 2003 (49.3%) to 2009 (58.6%) (P = .002), while the complication rate remained low and the in-hospital length of stay decreased by approximately 1 day (P < .001). Increasing numbers of patients had Medicaid as their primary payer source; however, most (68.3% in 2009) had private insurance.Despite the worsening childhood obesity epidemic, the rate of inpatient bariatric procedures among adolescents has plateaued since 2003. The predominant procedure type has changed to minimally invasive techniques, including laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Trends show low complication rates and decreasing length of stay, despite increasing comorbid conditions among patients.
Kidney, splanchnic, and leg protein turnover in humans. Insight from leucine and phenylalanine kinetics.
Authors: P Tessari, G Garibotto, S Inchiostro, C Robaudo, S Saffioti, M Vettore, M Zanetti, R Russo, G Deferrari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The rate of kidney protein turnover in humans is not known. To this aim, we have measured kidney protein synthesis and degradation in postabsorptive humans using the arterio-venous catheterization technique combined with 14C-leucine, 15N-leucine, and 3H-phenylalanine tracer infusions. These measurements were compared with those obtained across the splanchnic bed, the legs (approximately muscle) and in the whole body. In the kidneys, protein balance was negative, as the rate of leucine release from protein degradation (16.8 +/- 5.1 mumol/min.1.73 m2) was greater (P < 0.02) than its uptake into protein synthesis (11.6 +/- 5.1 mumol/min. 1.73 m2). Splanchnic net protein balance was approximately 0 since leucine from protein degradation (32.1 +/- 9.9 mumol/min. 1.73 m2) and leucine into protein synthesis (30.8 +/- 11.5 mumol/min. 1.73 m2) were not different. In the legs, degradation exceeded synthesis (27.4 +/- 6.6 vs. 20.3 +/- 6.5 mumol/min. 1.73 m2, P < 0.02). The kidneys extracted alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, accounting for approximately 70% of net splanchnic alpha-ketoisocaproic acid release. The contributions by the kidneys to whole-body leucine rate of appearance, utilization for protein synthesis, and oxidation were approximately 11%, approximately 10%, and approximately 26%, respectively; those by the splanchnic area approximately 22%, approximately 27%, and approximately 18%; those from estimated total skeletal muscle approximately 37%, approximately 34%, and approximately 48%. Estimated fractional protein synthetic rates were approximately 42%/d in the kidneys, approximately 12% in the splanchnic area, and approximately 1.5% in muscle. This study reports the first estimates of kidney protein synthesis and degradation in humans, also in comparison with those measured in the splanchnic area, the legs, and the whole-body.
Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunal mucosa of malnourished rats.
Authors: H V Maffei, M A Rodrigues, J L De Camargo, A O Campana
Journal: Gut (1980)

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) have been counted in the jejunal mucosa of adult Wistar rats submitted to a protein-free diet for 84 days and of a control group receiving a 20% casein diet, in order to evaluate the effect of protein deprivation. Relative counts (IEL/100 epithelial cells), absolute counts (number of IEL per millimetre of muscularis mucosae), and the proportion of lymphocytes crossing the basement membrane have been evaluated. Both relative and absolute IEL counts were diminished but the proportion of crossing lymphocytes was greatly increased in the malnourished group. The low number of IEL seemed to be related to lymphatic vessel dilatation in the lamina propria. The possibly primary effect of malnutrition on IEL counts in our experimental model and the eventual role of the observed lymphatic dilatation have been discussed.