tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
O02 * THE INCIDENCE AND OUTCOME FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA IN ENGLAND: 2007 - 2011
Authors: D. Greenberg, T. Winters, A. Brodbelt, M. Williams, S. Vernon, J. Flowers, P. Collins
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Routine collection of data through hospital MDTs, and the recent amalgamation in a single national centre has allowed analysis of patient demographics and outcome nationally for patients with Gliablastoma Multiforme (GBM) for the first time. METHOD: A search strategy encompassing all patients coded with a GBM and treated between 2007 - 2011 was obtained from data linkage between Encore (National Cancer registration Service), HES (Hospital Episode Statistics), and RTDS (Radiotherapy Data Service, 2010 onwards). RESULTS: There were 10743 patients coded with GBM in this 5 year period, (6451 male, 4292 female) giving an overall national incidence of 4.1/100,000/year. Incidence increases with age, and is slowly increasing. Median survival was 5.6 months for women, 6.5 months for men and decreased significantly with increasing age. A diagnosis of GBM is more likely in the least deprived quintile. CONCLUSION: Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis. Men do better than women, and younger patients do better than the elderly. Lower incidences in deprived groups may relate to detection and reporting. The data presented can be used to examine individual regions, hospitals, surgeons, or oncologists, but care is required to ensure that this level of detail represents an accurate representation.
Review: GPs accurately diagnose about 50% of patients with depression and accurately classify 81% of nondepressed patients
Authors: Kurt Kroenke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club20 April 2010Review: GPs accurately diagnose about 50% of patients with depression and accurately classify 81% of nondepressed patientsKurt Kroenke, MDKurt Kroenke, MDRegenstrief Institute and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (K.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMitchell AJ, Vaze A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;374:609-19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19640579Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: References1 Helzer JE, Kraemer HC, Krueger RF. The feasibility and need for dimensional psychiatric diagnoses. Psychol Med. 2006;36:1671-80. [PMID: 16907995] Google Scholar2 Tyrer P. Are general practitioners really unable to diagnose depression? Lancet. 2009;374:589-90. [PMID: 19640580] Google Scholar3 Löwe B, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, et al. Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30:191-9. [PMID: 18433651] Google Scholar4 Williams JW Jr, Pignone M, Ramirez G, Perez Stellato C. Identifying depression in primary care: a literature synthesis of case-finding instruments. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2002;24:225-37. [PMID: 12100833] Google Scholar5 US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:784-92. [PMID: 19949144] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (K.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 April 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 April 2010Volume 152, Issue 8Page: JC4-13KeywordsAnxietyDepressionDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth editionLikelihood ratioPatientsPrimary care physiciansPsychiatry and mental healthQuestionnairesSpecificity ePublished: 20 April 2010 Issue Published: 20 April 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Infectious disease, the innate immune response, and fibrosis
Authors: Alessia Meneghin, Cory M Hogaboam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The unrelenting and destructive progression of most fibrotic responses in the pulmonary, cardiovascular, integumentary, and alimentary systems remains a major medical challenge for which therapies are desperately needed. The pathophysiology of fibrosis remains an enigma, but considerable research and debate surrounds the question of whether chronic inflammation is the key driver of unrestrained wound healing (i.e., the fibrotic response) in these and other organ systems. This Review describes how infectious pathogens, chronic inflammation, and unrestrained fibroproliferation are likely to be part of a dynamic, unrelenting process propelling human fibrotic diseases.
Helicobacter pylori and functional dyspepsia: review of previous studies and commentary on new data
Authors: F Bazzoli, L De Luca, P Pozzato, R. Zagari, S Fossi, L Ricciardiello, G Nicolini, D Berretti, E Roda
Journal: Gut (2002)

Many studies have attempted to prove a link between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection and functional dyspepsia but the results have been conflicting. Several mechanisms have been postulated for how <i>H pylori</i> associated inflammation disturbs antral and duodenal function but no pathophysiological explanation of how <i>H pylori</i> may cause dyspeptic symptoms is presently available.
Synergistic action of metolazone with "loop" diuretics.
Authors: J M Allen, C R Hind, H B McMichael
Journal: BMJ (1981)

excluded in this study.If a clinical decision is made that even this improvement, the most one could hope for with 95 ", confidence, is not important then the study has made a contri- bution to existing knowledge.If the upper limit of the confidence interval is the same as or greater than the improvement which is considered clinically important then the out- come is equivocal.Larger numbers are required to resolve this problem.This use of the upper limit of the confidence interval can be extended to other epidemiological studies.Risks greater than the upper limit can be excluded with the chosen degree of confidence.This can provide at least some valuable information from what could other- wise be a "negative" study.
Genomic instability after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is frequent in oral mucosa, particularly in patients with a history of chronic graft-versus-host disease, and rare in nasal mucosa
Authors: Faisal M. Khan, Sarah Sy, Polly Louie, Alejandra Ugarte-Torres, Noureddine Berka, Gary D. Sinclair, Douglas A. Stewart, James A. Russell, Jan Storek
Journal: Blood (2010)
Analysis of synovial biopsy samples: opportunities and challenges
Authors: P P TAK
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

It has become clear in recent years that the synovium is the primary site of inflammation and a major effector organ in a variety of joint diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a result, there has been increased interest in studies of the pathological changes of the synovium.1 There are, however, several caveats that need to be recognised. Many of the older studies have examined synovial tissue obtained at surgery. In these patients inflammation is not necessarily a prominent feature. Moreover, patients requiring joint surgery obviously represent a highly selective group, in whom specific pathogenetic mechanisms may be operative that are associated with the process of destruction. For instance, mutations in the tumour suppresser gene p53 were demonstrated in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from synovium of patients with RA with longstanding, destructive disease.2 It has been suggested that the resulting loss of p53 function may contribute to the autonomous progression of pannus and joint destruction. Conceivably, p53 mutations are not present in earlier, less destructive phases of the disease,3 4though this remains to be determined. In line with this hypothesis, intimal lining layer hyperplasia and p53 expression by fibroblast-like synoviocytes also seem to be more pronounced in tissue obtained at surgery than in arthroscopic samples.5 6 In addition, synovial tissue from patients with end stage, destructive RA may be distinct as a result of other mechanisms. For instance, the release of fragments secondary to the degradation of bone and articular cartilage may theoretically influence the synovial infiltrate. The advent of blind needle biopsy techniques and needle arthroscopy has created the opportunity to obtain synovial tissue samples of patients with active synovial inflammation in earlier stages of …
A Case of Loreta's Operation for Dilatation of the Pyloric Orifice of the Stomach
Authors: W. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1889)

The rainfall is, as clearly shown in the last table, considerable, but owing to the character of the geological formation all round Falmouth, it is remarkable how soon the roads and paths dry up, a point of great importance to invalids or holiday makers, and Mr. Kitto confirms my previously recorded impression by stating that there is an almost entire absence of dense fog.To this he adds that the inhabitants of Falmouth experience more bright sunshine throughout the year than almost any other place in the kingdom.The following table will enable your readers to judge for them- selves how far Mr. Kitto's opinion is justified.Mean Monthly and Yearly Amount of Bright Sunshine Recordled at Falmouth for Eight Y-ears-1881 to 1888.
Intensity Modulating and Other Radiation Therapy Devices for Dose Painting
Authors: James M. Galvin, Wilfried De Neve
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The introduction of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the early 1990s created the possibility of generating dramatically improved dose distributions that could be tailored to fit a complex geometric arrangement of targets that push against or even surround healthy critical structures. IMRT is a new treatment paradigm that goes beyond the capabilities of the earlier technology called three-dimensional radiation therapy (3DCRT). IMRT took the older approach of using fields that conformed to the silhouette of the target to deliver a relatively homogeneous intensity of radiation and separated the conformal fields into many subfields so that intensity could be varied to better control the final dose distribution. This technique makes it possible to generate radiation dose clouds that have indentations in their surface. Initially, this technology was mainly used to avoid and thus control the dose delivered to critical structures so that they are not seriously damaged in the process of irradiating nearby targets to an appropriately high dose. Avoidance of critical structures allowed homogeneous dose escalation that led to improved local control for small tumors. However, the normal tissue component of large tumors often prohibits homogeneous dose escalation. A newer concept of dose-painting IMRT is aimed at exploiting inhomogeneous dose distributions adapted to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor regions of increased radiation resistance receive escalated dose levels, whereas radiation-sensitive regions receive conventional or even de-escalated dose levels. Dose painting relies on biologic imaging such as positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This review will describe the competing techologies for dose painting with an emphasis on their commonalities.
VIOSTEROL (IRRADIATED ERGOSTEROL) IN TREATMENT OF PARATHYROID TETANY
Authors: JOHN C. BROUGHER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In some previous work I<sup>1</sup>found that cod liver oil raised the serum calcium and relieved tetany in parathyroidectomized dogs. In a further study cod liver oil and yeast was used to relieve tetany, and because of the favorable results the treatment was applied clinically to three patients and a report<sup>2</sup>was made. Viosterol (irradiated ergosterol), having more potent vitamin D action than cod liver oil, was substituted in the treatment of experimental parathyroid tetany in dogs.<sup>3</sup>The results were such that it was then given to the patients previously reported on instead of the cod liver oil. Since that time two other patients have been added, so that this report includes five patients who are receiving viosterol. Tetany in four of the patients was the result of parathyroid deficiency following subtotal lobectomy. Two of these developed tetany soon after operation, while the other two developed symptoms
Intracellular Killing of Bacteria
Authors: Paul G. Quie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

DRAMATIC morphologic changes occur in polymorphonuclear leukocytes during bacterial phagocytosis. Cytoplasmic granules disappear, and the granular membranes fuse with phagocytic vacuoles. These granules (lysosomes) containing hydrolytic enzymes and cationic proteins with specific antimicrobial properties are solubilized during phagocytosis and surround the bacteria in phagocytic vacuoles. Despite identification of bactericidal factors (for example, muramidase and phagocytin) and knowledge of their shift to the phagocytic vacuole, the functional mechanism of intracellular bacterial killing is still uncertain. Peritoneal mononuclear leukocytes without muramidase or phagocytin are able to kill bacteria rapidly, and in a reverse situation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease . . .
Take Heart: The Life and Prescription for Living of Dr. Paul Dudley White
Authors: John Archer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

It is particularly appropriate that Dr Oglesby Paul should write a biography of the world's best-known cardiologist, Dr Paul Dudley White (1886-1973). Dr Paul is an outstanding cardiologist in his own right, and Dr White had been his early mentor in a variety of capacities. The book is thoroughly documented by a wealth of sources: White's family, professional colleagues, former secretaries, patients, and friends—plus a large volume of correspondence and manuscripts. The author has acknowledged that such voluminous material forced him to be highly selective in the presentation: "... in 87 years, Paul White was extraordinarily active and involved, and to recount or even summarize all that transpired in his life would be to prepare an encyclopedia." In a similar vein, this review can do little more than hint at the vast experience covered in the book. White became famous among the general public as "President Eisenhower's doctor," although the designation
Pulmonary Diseases and Anomalies of Infancy and Childhood: Their Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Montgomery C. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A book which deals exclusively with pulmonary disease in children is long overdue. In the present volume the authors have prepared an encyclopedic text which reflects their extensive clinical experience. The stated aim was to provide a clinical source of information for pediatricians, roentgenologists, and medical students. No attempt was made to cover the physiology, biochemistry, or pathology of pulmonary disease. There are 15 chapters. The first, little more than an introduction, describes the normal lung. The next four concern malformations and anomalies of the lung and related structures. The final chapter describes diagnostic procedures for pulmonary disease in infancy and childhood, while the others deal with various diseases and conditions in which pulmonary involvement may be primary or secondary. A skeletal outline preceding each chapter is useful for quick information retrieval. The chapter dealing with useful diagnostic techniques for pulmonary disease is well written. The illustrations and radio-grams are
Glaucoma Presenting as Hiccups
Authors: Cynthia Carmichael
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  In a busy family practice clinic I was confronted recently by a middle-aged man who presented with a complaint of hiccups of two days standing. He was distressed by his inability to sleep and eat and had vomited on several occasions. After a thorough physical examination that was entirely negative, I put him through a course of hiccup terminating maneuvers (rebreathing from a paper bag, rapidly drinking a glass of water, holding his breath, and so on)—all for naught.  From the depths of my memory I recalled a technique employed by my father, a family physician of the old school. I placed both of my thumbs over his ocular globes and pressed firmly but gently. The hiccups persisted, but it was apparent that his intraocular pressure was increased greatly: my first case of glaucoma presenting as hiccups.  The patient's hiccups finally subsided when he was given
Consultants should deliver care all week whatever the cost, says review
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Consultants should be at the forefront of delivering care in hospitals throughout the week, including at weekends, because of the known benefits to patients, says a review from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges.

Although round the clock consultant care will cost more, viewing this change through just a “financial lens would be a significantly missed opportunity to improve the quality of care,” it says.

Delivering a consultant led service will require changes to models of service delivery and the working patterns …
Syringomyelia
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1967)

SYRINGOMYELIA in the cervical region of the spinal cord usually is not difficult to diagnose. "Dissociated" sensory loss is characteristic; the term refers to loss of pain and temperature perception over the distribution of several dermatomes, with preservation of touch and other forms of sensory perception in these areas. Atrophy of muscles of the upper extremities, distal and often asymmetric, usually accompanies the syndrome. Brisk reflexes in the lower extremities are often present, but at the time the physician is consulted, subjective or objective evidence of dysfunction in the lower extremities usually is minimal. Except for differentiation from an intramedullary tumor during early months of the disease, cervical syringomyelia is not easily confused with other lesions of the spinal cord. Occasionally, however, the typical sensory pattern of syringomyelia is not apparent, and in such cases the neurologic signs may be misleading. This report describes a case of cervical syringomyelia in
Inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 components in myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Joannah Score, Claire Hidalgo-Curtis, Amy V. Jones, Nils Winkelmann, Alison Skinner, Daniel Ward, Katerina Zoi, Thomas Ernst, Frank Stegelmann, Konstanze Döhner, Andrew Chase, Nicholas C. P. Cross
Journal: Blood (2011)
Researchers create human sperm using embryonic stem cells
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Researchers have created human sperm using embryonic stem cells for the first time, in research aiming to improve the understanding of male infertility and the transmission of genetic disorders.

A team from the NorthEast England Stem Cell Institute developed the new technique, which enables human sperm cells to be produced in the laboratory. They used human embryonic stem cells with male and female chromosomes (XY and XX) to develop male germline stem cells. Only XY cells were then prompted to complete meiosis—cell division that halves the number of chromosomes. These cells then developed into fully mature, functional sperm, called in vitro derived sperm (IVD sperm) ( Stem Cells and Development 2009;8 Jul online, doi:10.1089/scd.2009.0063)

“While the full potential of the human embryonic stem cell derived sperm remains …
Notes on the Treatment of Chronic Gout, Based on Experimental and Clinical Investigation
Authors: W. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1900)

BitJorA1 1401 tremens the mortality is very high.The prognosis is un- favourable when such diseases as diabetes, chronic nephritis, advanced heart disease, and cirrhosis are pre-existent.Apical pneumonia is generally looked upon as more serious than basal, and as a rule the greater the amount of lung tissue involved the more unfavourable the case.Herpes labialis is often looked upon as a favourable omen, but some of the worst cases I have seen bave had this sign.When there is evidence of a thrombus in the heart it is quite the exception to get a recoverv, but I have such a case at present under my care in this infirmary.
Anteroposterior radiograph of a barium examination of the oesophagus
Authors: M.-H. Zheng, K.-H. Pan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Introduction</b> Measuring small airway function is difficult. Current measures do not test gas transfer. We set out to establish if the A-a oxygen gradient differed with asthma severity. <b>Methods</b> Normal controls, mild/moderate people with asthma, and people with severe asthma (by ATS criteria) were recruited. Asthma was defined as; Methacholine PC<sub>20</sub>&lt;8mg/ml, 15% FEV<sub>1</sub> reversibility or PEF variability &gt;20%. Mild/moderate asthma was diagnosed if no major and only one minor criterion for severe asthma were met. Controls had normal spirometry and Mch PC<sub>20</sub>. A-a gradient was measured on ear lobe capillary blood, taken on room air, and calculated using the ideal air equation, corrected for barometric pressure. 5 flow FeNO was also measured. <b>Results</b> The A-a oxygen gradient was higher in severe asthma compared with controls (mean difference 2.15 KPa, p=0.01 [95% CI 0.95 to 3.3]) and was also higher in mild/moderate asthma compared with normal controls (mean difference 1.29 KPa, p=0.024 [95% CI 0.17 to 2.4]). There was a trend for increased A-a gradient with increasing asthma severity independent of age, spirometry and gender; p=0.012 for trend by severity, effect size 0.82KPa, (95% CI 0.19, 1.6). <b>Conclusion</b> Severe asthma is associated with an increasing A-a gradient. The A-a gradient may reflect distal airway inflammation in severe asthma.
Specialty Journals in Philosophy and Ethics
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Medical Journals devoted to clinical subspecialties appeal to limited interests, but no matter how telescopic their view, a goodly proportion of subspecialty-journal readers takes care of patients. Journals of this type thus influence some physicians on how they diagnose and how they treat. But to what degree do the following publications influence the way a patient is managed? The Hastings Center Report (February, 1975)* Journal of Medical Ethics (April, 1975) Man and Medicine (Autumn, 1975) Ethics in Science and Medicine (May, 1976) The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (March, 1976) Bioethics Northwest (Winter, 1976) Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry (announced June, . . .
Targeted depletion of tumour-associated macrophages by an alendronate–glucomannan conjugate for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xiudan Zhan, Lixin Jia, Yiming Niu, Haixia Qi, Xiuping Chen, Qingwen Zhang, Junfeng Zhang, Yitao Wang, Lei Dong, Chunming Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
MULTISLICE SPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IS A RELIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CONVENTIONAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY FOR LEFT MAIN STENT SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Asim N. Cheema, Kushal Dighe, Danny Marcuzzi, Dehghani Payam, Ian Billingsley, Ravi Bajaj, Warren Ball, Michael Kutryk, John Graham, Neil Fam, Robert Chisholm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)