tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5466: Butyrate effect on expression of quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 enzymes
Authors: Aron B. Tesfamichael
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Butyrate is a small chain fatic acid formed by bacterial fermentation of plant foods in guts. It has been shown to induce Quinone Oxidoreductase (NQO1) enzyme in tumor cell lines, which may contribute to the detoxification of dietary carcinogens with out any effect to the expression of carcinogen activation enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 CPY1A1 and epoxide hydrolase. The risk from chemical carcinogens and environmental toxins is dependent on the metabolic balance between bioactivation and detoxification enzymes. Cancer chemoprevention therefore may be achieved through alterations in the expression of these enzymes. There is substantial evidence that chemoprevention comprises multiple intervention methods to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis at various stages. Transcriptional regulation of activation and detoxification enzymes competing for the carcinogen substrate is strongly affected by intracellular oxidation reduction potential change. Treatment of cells with butyrate causes a change in intracellular redox potential which results in transcriptional regulation of activation and detoxification enzymes. Indicators of redox potential may include the concentration ratio of glutathione (GSH): glutathione disulfide (GSSG), cysteine (CYH): cystine (CYSS) and other redox couples. Treatment of human liver HepG2 cells with sodium butyrate (5mM, 48-72Hr) results in an oxidation of both GSH: GSSG and CYH: CYSS to approximately the same extent up on calculation based on Nernst equation of concentrations determined by HPLC analysis. The present study shows that both the steady-state redox potential of the cysteine/cystine couple (Eh = -155 mV) and GSH/GSSG couple (Eh = -255 mV) in cells are sufficiently oxidized (&amp;gt;40 mV) up on treatment of cells with butyrate. The GSH oxidation, in response to 5mM butyrate at 48 -72 Hr for HepG2 cells were associated with an approximately 3-4-fold increase in mRNA for NQO1 as measured by quantitative PCR and 40-85 fold increase as a luciferase measure for relative change in a of transcriptional activation of NQO1 as comparing to the control respectively. However, CYP1A1 expression was not significantly different from controls. Changes in redox potential may directly release transcriptional proteins from within the cytoplasm for traslocation to the nucleus or alter their affinity for transcription response elements. These possibilities are under investigation using nuclear extracts of HepG2 and HT29 cells treated to alter intracellular redox potential. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) allows rapid identification and quantitation of changes in transcription proteins in response to intracellular redox potential change. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5466. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5466
CATHETER BROKEN OFF IN PROSTATIC PORTION OF URETHRA—EXPEDITIOUS REMOVAL.
Authors: ARTHUR L. WORDEN
Journal: JAMA (1883)

The above cut represents an instrument which once helped me out of such a difficulty, without the patient ever knowing what had happened. I had occasion to pass a soft rubber catheter, No. II, into the bladder of a colored man. After drawing his urine and attempting to withdraw the catheter, imagine my dismay at having it break off in the prostatic region. Without mentioning the fact to my patient, I immediately passed the urethral forceps, and easily securing a grasp upon the broken end, al once withdrew the fragment entire. On another occasion I was unfortunate enough to have a pledget of absorbent cotton slip from my application plication, and remain in the cavity of the uterus. Again my alligator forceps came to my rescue, and I removed the foreign body without difficulty. The blunt end renders it as easy of introduction as an ordinary silver catheter. The cut
Mesenteric Cysts with Malrotated Intestine
Authors: J. F. R. Bentley, M. B. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Operative treatment is desirable, as appendicitis can then be excluded, or it may be found to be superimposed on mesenteric adenitis in association with ascariasis, particularly as worms may initiate inflammation by ulceration of the mucosa, obstruct the lumen of the organ, or cause the appendix to be involved in the lymphoid hyperplasia (see above).Therefore, until some more specific means for detecting hyperinfestation is available the wisest course appears to be to perform laparotomy, remove the appendix, and follow this with specific anthelmintic therapy.While it is possible that mesenteric adenitis is part of an allergic response to hyperinfestation, or is due to infection secondary to mucosal damage by the worms, there is at present insufficient evidence to substantiate these views.The clinical examples, however, show that there is a definite association between the two conditions.Summary The surgical complications of infestation with roundworms include intestinal obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis.The available literature makes no mention of an association between ascariasis and mesenteric adenitis.Five cases in which mesenteric adenitis was associated with hyperinfestation with roundworms are described; in only one of these was the correct diagnosis made before operation.The clinical features, the ope ative and histological findings, and the treatment of this clinical entity are discussed.Until a specific test is available for the detection of hyperinfestation, laparotomy and appendicectomy are recommended, followed by specific anthelmintic therapy.ADDENDUM.-Since this article was presented for publication two further cases have been encountered: it was possible to diagnose them correctly before operation, and they ran a similar clinical course.
Abstract 4630: Feedback dependent suppression of mitogenic signaling and its effect on RAF inhibition in BRAFV600E melanomas.
Authors: Piro Lito, Christine Pratilas, Eric Joseph, Madhavi Tadi, Ensar Halilovic, Matthew Zubrowski, Alan Huang, Elisa de Stanchina, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Poulikos Poulikakos, Neal Rosen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract RAF inhibitors have remarkable activity in melanomas harboring BRAFV600E mutations. We previously found that active Ras induces RAF dimers in tumors with wild-type RAF, and, that RAF inhibitors transactivate these dimers. Because BRAFV600E melanomas have enhanced ERK signaling, they are hypothesized to have feedback-mediated suppression of Ras in order to maintain monomeric and inhibitor-sensitive BRAFV600E. To test this hypothesis we evaluated the response of these tumors to RAF inhibitors over time. We found that in the treatment-naive state, BRAFV600E melanomas had suppressed RTK signaling and maintained a low level of Ras-GTP. This occurred through a multifactorial negative feedback process driven by active ERK. In this baseline state, BRAFV600E was sensitive to RAF inhibitors. After treatment with RAF inhibitors, however, inhibition of ERK signaling lead to loss of feedback, a process that restored signaling from RTKs and resulted in Ras activation. In turn, this diminished the effect of RAF inhibitors and lead to a partial, but sustained, reactivation of ERK signaling. In this post-treatment state, ERK signaling was insensitive to RAF inhibitors but sensitive to MEK inhibitors. Targeting the regulatory components of this new steady state, either through co-administration of a MEK inhibitor or a RTK inhibitor along with a RAF inhibitor resulted in improved antitumor activity. These results highlight the need to understand the adaptive response to ERK pathway inhibition in order to design better combinatorial therapies and achieve maximal antitumor effects. Citation Format: Piro Lito, Christine Pratilas, Eric Joseph, Madhavi Tadi, Ensar Halilovic, Matthew Zubrowski, Alan Huang, Elisa de Stanchina, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Poulikos Poulikakos, Neal Rosen. Feedback dependent suppression of mitogenic signaling and its effect on RAF inhibition in BRAFV600E melanomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4630
NHS hospitals should imitate Sainsbury's Local and Tesco Metro, hospital chief says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS is “close to being overwhelmed,” the UK shadow health secretary has said. Speaking at a meeting organised by the Reform think tank for the Shelford Group of leading academic hospitals, Andy Burnham said that problems in accident and emergency (A&E) departments were a barometer of wider pressures on health and social care as a whole.

“If there is a blockage anywhere, it will be seen in A&E,” he said. He noted that cuts to general practice and community care, as well as to local authorities and social care, had placed hospitals under increasing pressure.

“Can they carry on and never drop the ball?” Burnham asked, claiming that A&E targets had been missed for 35 weeks running and that more than a million patients had waited longer in A&E than the target maximum of four hours. “I think if you look at A&E it is telling you the system is close to …
Accumulation of intraepithelial mast cells with a unique protease phenotype in TH2-high asthma
Authors: Ryan H. Dougherty, Sukhvinder S. Sidhu, Kavita Raman, Margaret Solon, Owen D. Solberg, George H. Caughey, Prescott G. Woodruff, John V. Fahy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Probability of Successful Defibrillation at Multiples of the Defibrillation Energy Requirement in Patients With an Implantable Defibrillator
Authors: S. Adam Strickberger, Emile G. Daoud, Theresa Davidson, Raul Weiss, Frank Bogun, Bradley P. Knight, Marwan Bahu, Rajiva Goyal, K. Ching Man, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The probability of successful defibrillation has been determined in normal animals but not in patients undergoing defibrillator implantation. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective study was to determine the probability of successful defibrillation in humans on the basis of a step-down defibrillation energy requirement. Methods and Results Fifty-three consecutive patients underwent five separate inductions of ventricular fibrillation after the defibrillation energy requirement was determined with the use of small decrements and a step-down protocol (20, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.8 J). The first shock energy for defibrillation was either 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, or 2.0 times the defibrillation energy requirement, and the likelihoods of successful defibrillation were 70±27%, 84±12%, 86±25%, 80±29%, and 88±32%, respectively ( P =.03). The frequencies of uniformly successful defibrillation (5 of 5 defibrillation attempts) were 30%, 27%, 60%, 64%, and 73%, respectively ( P =.01). Seven patients in whom the defibrillation energy requirement was &lt;4 J had an overall rate of successful defibrillation of 54±20% compared with 86±20% in the remaining 47 patients ( P =.002). The likelihood of successful defibrillation at twice the defibrillation energy requirement was 98% in the 46 patients with a defibrillation energy requirement of &gt;4 J and 67% in the 7 patients with a defibrillation energy requirement of &lt;4 J ( P =.17). An absolute safety margin of 7 J was associated with a 96% probability of successful defibrillation. Conclusions The probability of successful defibrillation is 70% at the defibrillation energy requirement. The probability plateaus at 88%, at twice the defibrillation energy requirement. A 96% probability of successful defibrillation is achieved at an absolute safety margin of 7 J, and a 98% success rate is achieved at energies that are twice the defibrillation energy requirement if the defibrillation energy requirement is &gt;4 J. If the defibrillation energy requirement is &lt;4 J, larger multiples of the defibrillation energy requirement are needed to achieve a high probability of successful defibrillation.
Multiplex Cell and Lineage Tracking with Combinatorial Labels
Authors: Karine Loulier, Raphaëlle Barry, Pierre Mahou, Yann Le Franc, Willy Supatto, Katherine S. Matho, Siohoi Ieng, Stéphane Fouquet, Elisabeth Dupin, Ryad Benosman, Alain Chédotal, Emmanuel Beaurepaire, Xavier Morin, Jean Livet
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Fat-Modified Frozen Food Dietary Pattern
Authors: Marvin L. Bierenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE RELATIONSHIP between blood levels of cholesterol and coronary artery disease has been a subject of continued interest for the past several years. In October, 1959, a study was begun of the effects of a moderate fat diet (relatively high in polyunsaturated fatty acids) on the blood cholesterol levels and survival of men in the 20- to 50- year age bracket who had had documented myocardial infarctions. This work had been stimulated by that of Jolliffe and associates, who had reported the effect of a similar diet on blood cholesterol levels of high coronary-risk, middle-aged men in New York City, and by Stamler in his report on men prone to coronary disease. A review of the first 12 months of experience with the first 99 subjects on a 30% fat diet had shown that there was no difference in response between one group, who had a polyunsaturated to saturated fatty
A Fatal Thrombotic Disorder Associated with an Acquired Inhibitor of Protein C
Authors: C A Mitchell, J A Rowell, L Hau, J P Young, H H Salem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

PROTEIN C is a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant protein that inactivates the coagulation cofactors Va and VIIIa in a reaction that is enhanced by phospholipid and protein S.1 2 3 In order for protein C to serve as an anticoagulant, it must be activated by the thrombin–thrombomodulin complex to form activated protein C.4 A deficiency of protein C has been reported to be associated with recurrent venous thrombosis5 and warfarin-induced skin necrosis.6 A total lack of protein C in infants is associated with purpura fulminans neonatalis7 and massive thrombosis.8 We report a fatal thrombotic disorder in a patient with an IgG paraprotein who . . .
LINGO-1 negatively regulates myelination by oligodendrocytes
Authors: Sha Mi, Robert H Miller, Xinhua Lee, Martin L Scott, Svetlane Shulag-Morskaya, Zhaohui Shao, Jufang Chang, Greg Thill, Melissa Levesque, Mingdi Zhang, Cathy Hession, Dinah Sah, Bruce Trapp, Zhigang He, Vincent Jung, John M McCoy, R Blake Pepinsky
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
Nebulised salbutamol in life-threatening asthma.
Authors: J S Milledge
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients with severe depressions, and the expectation is that those patients with elevated 2-7 patterns will show more antidepressant responses to lithium than those with lower 2-7 patterns, our findings suggest that obsessional thinking might be as important as depression as a discriminator variable of antidepressant responses to lithium.For example, when scale 7 was used alone, our results approximated the 2-7 hit rate found by House and Martin (74",, v 8000 respectively) for the responders, suggesting that response to lithium is almost equally dependent on high scores on obsessional thinking almost as much as on depression.These suggestions from several studies seem worthy of further investigation, given the interest being taken in attempts to find patient subgroups and potential responders prior to the weeks of treatment usually required to evaluate response or non-response to psychoactive drugs.
Collateral Damage — Médecins sans Frontières Leaves Afghanistan and Iraq
Authors: Ingrid T. Katz, Alexi A. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On November 4, 2004, the Nobel Prize–winning humanitarian-aid organization Médecins sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors without Borders) announced that it was discontinuing operations in Iraq, owing to escalating violence against humanitarian-aid workers. This was MSF's second major departure from a war zone in four months. On July 28, the organization pulled out of Afghanistan after five of its workers were ambushed and murdered. The attack in Afghanistan was unprecedented for MSF, which has worked in some of the most dangerous war zones throughout the world for the past 33 years. The organization's decision to leave both countries was a dramatic . . .
Mechanochemistry of Cardiac Muscle
Authors: PETER E. POOL, BRIAN M. CHANDLER, SHIRLEY C. SEAGREN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The aim of this study was to evaluate utilization of chemical energy in relation to myocardial mechanics in variably afterloaded contractions of cardiac muscle by determining total energy utilization (∼P) in the absence of energy production. Right ventricular papillary muscles of cats were equilibrated at 26°C in a myograph in Krebs' solution while contracting isometrically (12/min). Following treatment with iodoacetate and N 2 to inhibit completely ATP production from glycolytic and aerobic metabolism, the muscles were stimulated to contract isotonically 20 to 75 times with varying after loads. They were then rapidly frozen in liquid N 2 -cooled isopentane, and concentrations of ATP, creatine phosphate, inorganic phosphate and creatine were measured. The efficiency of energy utilization for the performance of internal work was 0.0067 µmoles ∼P/g-cm of work and for external work was 0.0031 µmoles ∼P/g-cm. In addition, resting energy utilization was 0.662 µmoles/g/min and activation energy was estimated to be 0.040 µmoles/g/contraction. These findings provide a demonstration of the Fenn effect in cardiac muscle and explain the well-known discrepancy in energy cost when cardiac work is increased by increasing pressure load as opposed to increasing volume load.
Depression, violent suicide tied to low metabolite level
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Starting in the 1960s, investigators began to note several biologic characteristics associated with suicidal behavior: high excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in urine, low monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in blood platelets, blunted thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyroid releasing hormone and, finally, low levels of a dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), and of a serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Because low 5-HIAA levels were reported also in depressives and because patients are often both suicidal and depressed, more recent research has focused on the link between low 5-HIAA levels, depression, and suicidal behavior. At this year's Seventh World Congress of Psychiatry in Vienna, the nature of this link further unfolded. Eugene S. Paykel, MD, FRCP, FRCPsych, reported that major depression seems to precede "a moderately high proportion of [actual] suicides but a much lower proportion of attempted suicides." The latter behavior probably characterizes a distinct group, added
A NOTE ON PARAPSORIASIS.*
Authors: H. MacCORMAC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article A NOTE ON PARAPSORIASIS. Get access H. MacCORMAC, C.B.E., M.D. H. MacCORMAC, C.B.E., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 12, 1 December 1932, Pages 576–580, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09562.x Published: 01 December 1932
DEGENERATIVE CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN UTERINE FIBRO-MYOMATOUS GROWTHS.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The presence of uterine fibroid growths has for the past few years given rise to much discussion among gynecologists; the consideration of the surgical treatment they have demanded has received much attention, and measures of procedure, in some instances apparently opposite, have sometimes been adopted. The success attending the removal of fibroid growths either by partial or total hysterectomy has brought the subject of such neoplasms more prominently before the profession and has stimulated to such an extent inquiry into the necessity of adopting the more radical, surgical expedients that only the most careful clinical experience and pathologic investigation will be found capable of furnishing the data for determining the proper solution of the question. It was formerly believed that when a fibro-myomatous growth underwent a retrograde process from electrolysis, or from other measures of treatment, or from spontaneous action, the conditions thus induced were always favorable; later experiences have
Association of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and 2-h Postprandial Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Roger K. Schindhelm, Michaela Diamant, Henk J. Bilo, Robbert J. Slingerland
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

In their very elegant study, Stettler et al. (1) assessed the association between 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) and postprandial glucose during different time periods, varying from 3 days to 12 weeks long, in patients with type 2 diabetes. They found the strongest association during a 2-week period. Although the authors excluded patients with overt renal insufficiency or proteinuria, it is as yet unknown whether additional adjustments for …
DIAGNOSIS OF INTSTINAL PERFORATION BY MEANS OF ETHER INFLATION PER RECTUM.
Authors: E. M. SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

About two years ago I conceived the idea of utilizing ether vapor as a means of diagnosing intestinal perforation, and made some experiments therewith, the results of which were published in theJournal, vol. xxxi, p. 191. I now desire to report a practical application in the case of a gunshot wound of the abdomen. Mrs. S., on the morning of Sept. 1, 1899, was shot in the abdomen with a 32-caliber revolver, from a distance of about ten feet. The external wound was two inches below and one inch to the right of the umbilicus, taking an upward, inward course through the very thick walls. She suffered from shock, but not severely; after removal in the ambulance, to St. Francis Hospital, and placing her on the operating table, nausea developed. The bowels were then inflated with the vapor of ether and the infiltration continued until the patient belched ether
The Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: J. Nagano, T. Hara, T. Ideta, T. Hanai, A. Baba, N. Watanabe, T. Ohono, M. Shimizu, H. Tsurumi, H. Moriwaki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)