tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Narrow-band imaging compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of dysplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis
Authors: E. Dekker, F. van den Broek, J. Reitsma, J. Hardwick, G. Offerhaus, S. van Deventer, D. Hommes, P. Fockens
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance is advised, but the detection of neoplasia by conventional colonoscopy is difficult. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of narrow-band imaging (NBI), a new imaging technique, with standard colonoscopy for the detection of neoplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis.This was a prospective, randomized, crossover study of 42 patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. All participants underwent NBI and conventional colonoscopy with at least 3 weeks between the procedures. Randomization determined the order of the examinations. Targeted biopsies were taken during both procedures; additional random biopsies were taken at conventional colonoscopy only. The number of patients with neoplasia detected by targeted biopsies was used to assess the sensitivity for each technique.With NBI, 52 suspicious lesions were detected in 17 patients, compared with 28 suspicious lesions in 13 patients detected during conventional colonoscopy. Histopathological evaluation of targeted biopsies revealed 11 patients with neoplasia: in four patients the neoplasia was detected by both techniques, in four patients neoplasia was detected only by NBI, and in three patients neoplasia was detected only by conventional colonoscopy ( P = 0.705). Aside from targeted biopsies, 1522 random biopsies were taken. These revealed one additional patient with dysplasia that was not detected by either technique.The sensitivity of the studied first-generation NBI system for the detection of patients with neoplasia seems to be comparable to conventional colonoscopy, although more suspicious lesions were found during NBI. We believe that it is still too early to stop taking additional random biopsies at surveillance colonoscopy in patients with ulcerative colitis.
A CASE OF CORTICAL HEMORRHAGES FOLLOWING SCARLET FEVER.
Authors: E. E. SOUTHARD
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The following case of hemiplegia developed in a boy during convalescence from scarlet fever. The basis of the cerebral symptoms was a markedly hemorrhage encephalitis focal in the parietal lobes. The reaction is histologicalhy characterized, aside from large areas of hemorrhage and a few superficial or meningeal areas of frank suppuration, by a tremendous proliferation of phagocytes. The phagocytes for the most part contain blood corpuscles and dilate or supplant the pial and adventitial meshes. In places, the phagocytes occupy the space of lost brain substance which has undergone acute fatty degeneration: <h3>CLINICAL HISTORY.</h3> G. N., an American boy of 5 years, was admitted to the South Department of the Boston City Hospital, Dec. 13, 1902, with a few hours' history of vomiting and sore throat. The boy was well developed and nourished and only moderately prostrated. The roof of the mouth was slightly reddened. The tongue was
Compensation urged for US radiation victims
Authors: R Rhein
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The US government should compensate people injured from medical testing of radioactive substances over three decades, says the energy secretary, Hazel O'Leary. In interviews with reporters last week O'Leary also suggested that the government's previous resistance to paying the claims of those exposed to fallout from open air atomic bomb tests was wrong.

O'Leary has reacted quickly to news stories detailing medical experiments funded by the Department of Energy's predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, from the late 1940s to the early 1970s. The experiments, which were also funded by the US Public Health Service, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Defense, affected up to 800 people, in some cases without their knowledge of the …
Half of Americans who buy their own health insurance will get tax credits, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many Americans buying health insurance themselves will qualify for substantial subsidies when they purchase coverage through the new health insurance exchanges created by the Affordable Care Act, a new study by the Kaiser Family Foundation has found.1

Critics of the controversial 2010 healthcare reform law have been warning that the cost of plans offered through the exchanges will be so high that consumers should prepare themselves for “sticker shock.”

The law’s defenders admit that on average premiums will be higher than the low cost, bare bones plans many individuals currently buy, but, they contend, the higher prices are largely because the new plans must offer …
Fatal Radiation Syndrome from an Accidental Nuclear Excursion
Authors: Joseph S. Karas, John B. Stanbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE acute radiation syndrome will almost surely be encountered from time to time as accidents occur in the rapidly expanding nuclear-energy industry. Nuclear power is already becoming economically competitive with conventional sources.1 In view of the present magnitude of these activities it is remarkable that there have been so few accidents already, a testament to the care that has been exercised in safety control of highly hazardous undertakings during the past twenty years or so.The first fatal accidental nuclear excursions occurred in 1945 and 1946 at Los Alamos.2 One of the victims died nine days, and the other twenty-four . . .
Abstract 861: Comparison of Three Different Doses of ACTH Stimulation During AVS For Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: GianPaolo Rossi, Teresa M Seccia, Diego Miotto, Franco Mantero, Gisella Pitter, Anna Patalano, Achille C Pessina
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. ACTH stimulation was proposed to overcome the potential biases associated with pulsatile aldosterone secretion during AVS. Different protocols and doses of synthetic ACTH have been used but no systematic comparison between them was available. Aim. To compare the effects of 3 different doses of ACTH on the selectivity (SI) and the lateralization index (LI). Patients and Methods. We prospectively tested the effect of a high dose (HD; 250 μg as an i.v. bolus, n=41), a very low dose (VLD, 250 pg as an i.v. bolus followed by 0.5 pg/min infusion, n=6) and an intermediate dose (ID 50 μg/hr; n=7) on the SI and LI in patient referred for primary aldosteronism. Blood sampling for the measurement of plasma aldosterone (PAC) and cortisol (PCC) concentration were obtained at baseline and 30 minutes after ACTH stimulation, using bilaterally simultaneous AVS. The SI was calculated as the ratio between cortisol levels in the right (C RAV ) or left (C LAV ) adrenal vein and the infrarenal inferior vena cava (C IVC ); the LI was assessed as the ratio of aldosterone to cortisol on the side with the higher ratio (A/C SIDE ) over the contralateral aldosterone to cortisol (A/C CTRL ). The diagnosis of APA was based on pathology and follow-up data. Results. The HD induced a highly significant increase of PCC in IVC (+83%, P&lt;0.003) and on the SI on both sides (SI RIGHT +120%; SI LEFT +122%, P&lt;0.001), as compared to baseline values. By contrast, no significant change of PCC in IVC and of the SI was seen with the VLD. The ID elicited a significant increase of PCC in the infrarenal IVC (+82%, P&lt;0.001), which was not significantly different from that seen with the HD. Likewise, the ID increased the SI (SI RIGHT +177%, P&lt;0.001; SI LEFT + 727%, P&lt;0.001). In the patients with an unequivocal diagnosis or APA based on the ‘four corners’ criteria, the HD and the ID led to wrong identification of the APA side in 28 and 25%, respectively. Conclusions. The HD and the ID improve the ascertainment of the selectivity of adrenal vein catheterization during AVS; by contrast, no significant effect of the VLD on either PAC or PCC was seen. The improvement in the assessment of selectivity with both the HD and the ID should be weighed against the confounding effect on correct identification of lateralized aldosterone excess to the APA side.
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1-immunoglobulin G1 immunoadhesin mediates phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes.
Authors: D E Staunton, C F Ockenhouse, T A Springer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We describe an immunoadhesin molecule containing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) molecularly fused to hinge and CH2 and CH3 domains of the human immunoglobulin G1 H chain that binds Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. This receptor-based immunoadhesin is an effective and specific inhibitor of P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adhesion to ICAM-1-bearing surfaces, but does not inhibit leukocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1) interaction with ICAM-1. Furthermore, the immunoadhesin promotes phagocytosis and destruction of parasitized erythrocytes by human monocytes. Each of these modes of action has potential for the therapy of malaria.
Acute Effects of Ambient Inhalable Particles in Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Children
Authors: SVERRE VEDAL, JOHN PETKAU, RICK WHITE, JIM BLAIR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Although increases in inhalable particle (PM10) concentrations have been associated with acute reductions in the level of lung function and increased symptom reporting in children, including children with asthma, it is not clear whether these effects occur largely in asthmatic children, or even whether asthmatic children are more likely to experience these effects than children without asthma. To address these points, the following subgroups of children were selected from a survey population of all 2,200 elementary school children (6 to 13 yr of age) in a pulp mill community on the west coast of Vancouver Island: (1) all children with physician-diagnosed asthma (n = 75 participated), (2) all children with an exercise-induced fall in FEV1 without diagnosed asthma (n = 57), (3) all children with airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0.76) without either of the above (n = 18), and (4) control children without any of the above (n = 56). The children were followed for as long as 18 mo with twice daily measurements of peak expiratory flow (PEF) and daily symptom diary recording. Maximum daily PM10 concentration was 159 μ m/m3 (median, 22.1), but only 8 d (1.2%) had concentrations above 100 μ g/m3. In an analysis that accounted for time-varying covariates, and serially correlated and missing data, for the entire sample of children, increases in PM10 were associated with reductions in PEF and increased reporting of cough, phlegm production, and sore throat. For the subgroup of children with diagnosed asthma, PEF in the time period with the highest PM10 concentrations fell by an estimated 0.55 L/min (95% CI, 0.06 to 1.05) for a 10 μ g/m3 PM10 increase above the mean daily PM10 concentration of 27.3 μ g/m3 and the odds of reported cough increased by 8% (95% CI, 0 to 16%); no consistent effects were observed in the other groups of children. It is concluded that children experience reductions in PEF and increased symptoms after increases in relatively low ambient PM10 concentrations, and that children with diagnosed asthma are more susceptible to these effects than are other children.
c-FLIP confers resistance to FAS-mediated apoptosis in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Mauricio P. Oyarzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Coralyn Atwell, Marianna Feretzaki, Vasiliki Leventaki, Elias Drakos, Hesham M. Amin, George Z. Rassidakis
Journal: Blood (2005)
The Dirty War Index: Statistical Issues, Feasibility, and Interpretation
Authors: Nathan Taback
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

In this issue of PLoS Medicine, Madelyn Hsiao-Rei Hicks and Michael Spagat propose a new quantitative tool [1] in the emerging field of human security sciences [2]. Quantitative data about people's insecurity can lead to objective knowledge about many of the contexts of violence in the world today. Thus developing quantitative tools for use in this domain is important.

Hicks and Spagat's tool is called the Dirty War Index (DWI), which “systematically identifies rates of particularly undesirable or prohibited, i.e., “dirty,” war outcomes inflicted on populations during armed conflict” [1]. After choosing a relevant public health outcome, a DWI is calculated as the ratio of “the number of dirty cases” of an outcome to the “total number of cases.” There are many moral and legal questions regarding the division of acts of violence in armed conflict into those that are “dirty” and those—presumably—that are not “dirty.” I am not addressing these questions here. Instead, I will discuss some statistical issues that may arise in calculating a DWI, and the feasibility and interpretation of DWIs.
John Anthony Guy Horton
Authors: J C Stoddart
Journal: BMJ (2008)

John Anthony Guy Horton (“Guy”) was the son of a naval surgeon, and after schooling at Dover College trained at Barts, qualifying in 1940. Following further training, during which he married a nurse from Barts, he was inducted into the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1942. His war service included taking part in the Rhine crossings and a period in the-then Palestine. In 1947 he returned to Barts, and …
Renal Function and Renal Failure
Authors: Louis G. Welt
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ABSTRACT Renal Function and Renal Failure: A Programmed Text, by Lionel M. Bernstein, Jerome S. Allender, Arthur S. Elstein, and Robert B. Epstein, published for the Office of Research in Medical Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 215 pp, 56 illus, paper, $7.50, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1965.The prose text presents the problems relating to renal function and renal failure, to help the readers understand the implications of normal renal physiology for disorders of renal function, and the impact this latter may have on composition of body fluids. The author has run the risk of presenting his material in such an oversimplified fashion that it suffers from inadequate descriptions which, in addition, are at times incompletely valid in terms of modern renal physiology and function.The author gives the impression that he is preoccupied with the function of the kidney as primarily related to the excretion of nitrogenous
Bolus somatostatin but not octreotide reduces hepatic sinusoidal pressure by a no-independent mechanism in chronic liver disease
Authors: E.A. Kouroumalis, E. Matrella, V. Valatas, G. Notas, H. Roumpaki, C. Xidakis, A. Hatzidakis, I. Mouzas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
SOLUBLE FMS-LIKE TYROSINE KINASE-1 (SFLT-1) AS A PREDICITVE MARKER FOR BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION AFTER RENAL SYMPATHETIC DENERVATION
Authors: Dörr Oliver, Christoph Liebetrau, Helge Möllmann, Daniel Sedding, Johannes Rixe, Christian Troidl, Franziska Hecker, Sebastian Szardien, Matthias Willmer, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of mucoadhesive polymers in enhancing delivery of nimodipine microemulsion to brain via intranasal route
Authors: Rudree Pathak, Ranjeet Prasad Dash, Manju Misra, Manish Nivsarkar
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Intranasal drug administration is receiving increased attention as a delivery method for bypassing the blood-brain barrier and rapidly targeting therapeutics to the CNS. However, rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity is a major hurdle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mucoadhesive polymers in enhancing the delivery of nimodipine microemulsion to the brain via the intranasal route. The optimized mucoadhesive microemulsion was characterized, and the in vitro drug release and in vivo nasal absorption of drug from the new formulation were evaluated in rats. The optimized formulation consisted of Capmul MCM as oil, Labrasol as surfactant, and Transcutol P as co-surfactant, with a particle size of 250 nm and zeta potential value of -15 mV. In vitro and ex vivo permeation studies showed an initial burst of drug release at 30 min and sustained release up to 6 h, attributable to the presence of free drug entrapped in the mucoadhesive layer. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that the use of the mucoadhesive microemulsion enhanced brain and plasma concentrations of nimodipine. These results suggest that incorporation of a mucoadhesive agent in a microemulsion intranasal delivery system can increase the retention time of the formulation and enhance brain delivery of drugs.
Mitochondrial DNA 3243 Mutation Is Infrequent in Japanese Diabetic Patients With Auditory Disturbance
Authors: Yasutomo Fukunaga, Nobuyuki Azuma, Hiroyuki Koshiyama, Daisuke Inoue, Hiroaki Sato, Yasunao Yoshimasa, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Expression by Tet-Inducible COX-2 Antisense cDNA in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Significantly Slows Tumor Growth and Improves Efficacy of Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Devendra S. Dandekar, Bal L. Lokeshwar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Overexpression of the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is associated with the progression of various malignancies; the role of COX-2 in prostate cancer is less clear. The significance of COX-2 in prostate cancer growth and response to chemotherapy was investigated in an androgen-refractory prostate cancer cell line using a Tet-inducible antisense COX-2 expression system. Experimental Design: An antisense COX-2 cDNA construct under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter was transfected into a prostate cancer cell line, PC-3ML. Modulations of cell growth, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity in the presence or absence of doxycycline were analyzed. Tumor incidence, growth rate, and response to two cytotoxic drugs, COL-3 [chemically modified tetracycline-3-(6-demethyl-6-deoxy-4-dedimethylamino-tetracycline)] and Taxotere (docetaxel), were investigated in tumor xenografts. Apoptotic incidences and tumor microvessel density in tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Conditional suppression of COX-2 in PC-3ML caused reduced cell proliferation, decreased levels of phosphorylated AKT, G0-G1 arrest, and increased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity. Suppression of COX-2 increased Bax protein and decreased Bcl-xL protein in vitro. COX-2 antisense-expressing PC-3ML tumors showed a 57% growth delay compared with nontransfected or vector controls. Oral administration of COL-3 (40 mg/kg, oral gavage) or Taxotere (2.3 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; 3× per week) in tumor-bearing mice further slowed tumor growth (65% and ∼94%, respectively). Compared with the control group, the occurrence of apoptosis in antisense COX-2 tumors was eight times higher, and the tumor microvessel density was three times lower. Conclusions: These results provide direct evidence that constitutive expression of COX-2 in prostate cancer has both angiogenic and cytoprotective functions. Suppression of tumor cell COX-2 is sufficient to enhance chemotherapy response in prostate cancer.
Moments With Diagnostic Radiology: vol 1, The Abdomen
Authors: James L. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This small, pamphlet-like volume is the first of a series designed to present radiologic diagnosis in short segments, each of which can be read in two to five minutes. In his presentation, the author illustrates and discusses the use of plain and contrast roentgenogram techniques in the evaluation of common intraabdominal problems. The format is designed for self instruction. For each problem there is an x-ray film reproduction, with a short clinical clue and question on one page, followed by appropriate interpretation and discussion on the back of the page. There are minifications of the roentgenograms on the discussion pages, and the reference numbers frequently are too small to read. The material is organized into a logical progression, and the discussions are concise and succinct. This is a valuable contribution which will be most useful to medical students and nonradiologic house officers and will also serve as a worthwhile review
The HIV Testing Policies of US Hospitals-Reply
Authors: Charles E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Henry and Mr Campbell raise several good questions with regard to the survey of HIV testing policies of US hospitals. The chief hospital administrator was defined as the chief executive officer, as listed in the directory of the American Hospital Association. Since we were concerned primarily about policies rather than practices, we sought to talk with the principal spokes-person for the organization. We believe that the chief executive officer of a hospital should be (and seemed to be) reasonably knowledgeable about the existence and content of a policy that often was a source of controversy within the institution. In this survey, we also interviewed chiefs of medical and surgical staffs about physicians' HIV testing practices, and, as Dr Henry and Mr Campbell indicate, their responses (within a single institution) beg the question, "Who really knows what goes on here?" Physicians' practices, in the face of these policies,
Tissue Engineering for Reconstruction of the Thumb
Authors: Vincent R. Hentz, James Chang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

For nearly two decades, surgeons have used cultured autologous cells for reconstructive surgery. The most notable successful application involved the removal of a specimen of skin from a badly burned patient, expansion of the keratinocytes in vitro, and subsequent application of the cultured epidermal autografts onto the burn wounds to resurface the skin.1 A recent report in the Journal described successful reconstruction of an occluded pulmonary artery in a young girl with a tissue-engineered vessel graft.2 Advances in cellular biology and biomaterials science have been brought together in a new discipline called “tissue engineering,” which has its own research centers, . . .
Tailoring the immune response by targeting C-type lectin receptors on alveolar macrophages using “pathogen-like” amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticles
Authors: Ana V. Chavez-Santoscoy, Rajarshi Roychoudhury, Nicola L.B. Pohl, Michael J. Wannemuehler, Balaji Narasimhan, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
1023. New Generation of shRNA for Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Donald D. Rao, David Taube, Padma Kumar, Phil Maples, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules are powerful mediators for post-transcrptional gene silencing known as RNA interference. Short hairpin (shRNA) encoded within an expression vector can effectively harnessing the RNA interference process in mammalian cells. RNA interference is implemented through the action of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Argonaute2 (Ago2) has been found to be the catalytic endonuclease of human RISC that mediates cleavage of targeted mRNA. Interestingly, the other Argonaute family of proteins (Ago1, Ago3, Ago4) lack of endonuclease activity, but are nonetheless capable of loaded with single-stranded guide RNAs. RISC assembled with Ago1, Ago3, or Ago4 may be cleavage-independent pathway for which mediates translational repressions. Translational repression via sequestration of mRNA in the P-body is proposed to be the major gene silencing pathway for micro RNAs (miRNAs). We are actively developing targeted cancer gene therapy strategy through the application of shRNAs. In the past, siRNA and shRNA design strategies have been focused on the RNA degradation pathway (Ago2 cleavage-dependent). In this study, we seek to expand the shRNA design strategy to simultaneously mediate targeted RNA degradation and translational repression. Simultaneously mediate RNA degradation and translational repression is predicted to produce much quicker and sustained knock-down effect on targeted mRNA. We will present data to support our novel shRNA design strategy, examine the efficacy of novel shRNA design process and compare knock-down efficiency with conventional shRNA molecules.