tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cerebral Control of Movement
Authors: John F. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The book contains the eighth in a series of lectures in honor of Sir Charles Sherrington, the father of modern neurophysiology. Dr. Denny-Brown, former associate of Sherrington, has long been in the forefront of neurophysiologic research as well as clinical neurology, and is well chosen to join the distinguished list of Sherrington lecturers.  As a clinical observer, he has been concerned with the applications of Sherringtonian physiology to both normal motor function and such aberrations as tremor, dystonia, and spasticity. Reflex activity and its integration and control by suprasegmental influences was the subject of much of Sherrington's research, but the application of this material, so beautifully demonstrated in the experimental animal, to human function is exceedingly difficult. Observations on humans, on the other hand, are hampered by numerous uncontrollable variables, and in both human and animal work, the problem of distinguishing positive from negative effects of brain lesions confuses the
Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint
Authors: B. Bourke
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

excellent chapter on a rapidly advancing front, the immunology of joints, by Michael Elves.The rare apparent omissions (on a quick reading and index consultation) may well be remedied in the second volume, for example, the angiogenesis inhibition factor of cartilage (first described in 1975) and amyloidosis in the aging joint capsule (described in 1976), both pertinent
Comparison of a Trial of Labor with an Elective Second Cesarean Section
Authors: Michael J. McMahon, Edwin R. Luther, Watson A. Bowes, Andrew F. Olshan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In an attempt to reduce the rate of cesarean section, obstetricians now offer a trial of labor to pregnant women who have had a previous cesarean section. Although a trial of labor is usually successful and is relatively safe, few studies have directly addressed the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with this method of delivery.
Cost-effectiveness of oral treatments for chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Geoffrey M. Dusheiko
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Current treatment of hepatitis B has been facilitated with the advent of oral nucleoside analogues. These agents, at least in the short to medium term are generally safe drugs, given once daily, orally, usually with minimal toxicity. Chronic hepatitis B is a prolonged illness however, and the long-term efficacy and toxicity of oral nucleoside analogues remains unknown. Buti and coauthors in an analysis published in this issue of the Journal [1], review the cost-effectiveness of current nucleoside analogue therapy. The analysis is the result of collaboration between hepatologists, a health economist and Gilead Sciences. Their model has not included PEG interferon treatment, mainly because of reliance in the model on the assumption that the level of HBV DNA used to define virological response is higher than for oral antivirals [2]. This assumption would be disputed by some [3]. Lamivudine followed by adefovir after the onset of resistance has been the most widely applied nucleoside treatment option; this strategy has been shown to be cost-effective, even though it is now no longer considered clinically appropriate in many regions to begin lamivudine monotherapy for patients with high levels of HBV replication given the risk of multi-drug resistant hepatitis B and that fact that more potent agents with lower rates of resistance are available [4]. Recent guidelines have attempted to simplify and importantly optimise nucleoside analogue use. However these guidelines, including the EASL guidelines, seldom take
1000 A STUDY OF TELAPREVIR (TVR) WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (P) AND RIBAVIRIN (R) IN SUBJECTS WITH WELL-DOCUMENTED PRIOR P/R NULL RESPONSE, NON-RESPONSE OR RELAPSE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: F. Poordad, M. Shiffman, K. Sherman, J. Smith, M. Yao, S. George, N. Adda, J. McHutchison
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Review: Omalizumab added to corticosteroids reduces exacerbations and corticosteroid use in adults and children with asthma
Authors: Francis Thien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Rodrigo GJ, Neffen H, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous omalizumab vs placebo as add-on therapy to corticosteroids for children and adults with asthma: a systematic review. Chest. 2011;139:28-35. 20688929
THE SPIROCHETICIDAL ACTION OF PENICILLIN IN VITRO AND ITS TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
Authors: Harry Eagle, Arlyne D. Musselman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. Penicillin was found to be actively spirocheticidal in vitro against the Reiter, Kazan, Nichols, and Noguchi strains of so called S. pallida, and a strain of mouth spirochetes. The threshold concentration was 0.01 unit per Cc. (1-160,000,000 penicillin). The rate and degree of action increased with the concentration of penicillin up to a level of approximately 0.1 to 0.25 unit per cc., which rendered more than 99 per cent of the organisms non-viable within 12 hours. Higher concentrations did not appreciably accelerate the effect. 2. Within the range 4 x 10(4)-10(7) organisms per cc., the initial rate at which the spirochetes were killed was not affected by their number. Consistent with that observation, no demonstrable penicillin was bound or inactivated by thick suspensions. The amount of penicillin required to sterilize suspensions of varying density nevertheless varied to a large extent with the initial number of organisms. This was only in part due to the progressive deterioration of the penicillin with prolonged incubation; and the persistence of organisms resistant to the drug, and perhaps an adaptative change after prolonged exposure to penicillin, may be contributing factors. 3. The organisms remained actively motile for a period of 8 to 24 hours after they had been rendered non-viable by the action of penicillin. Even 500 units of penicillin per cc., or approximately 10,000 times an effectively spirocheticidal concentration, did not accelerate that delayed immobilization. It follows that, although penicillin rapidly renders the organisms non-viable, the metabolic system affected is not immediately essential to the life of the cell, and the motility and presumably other vital functions remain unaffected for a significant number of hours. 4. The rate at which the organisms were killed by penicillin increased with temperature in the range 8-40 degrees C. With an original inoculum of 10(6) spirochetes per cc., the percentage of organisms surviving after 24 hours at 39-40 degrees , 36-37 degrees , 32-33 degrees , 22-23 degrees , and 8 degrees C. was 0.02, 0.2, 1, 10, and 100 respectively; and those results were independent of the concentration of penicillin in the range 0.25 to 250 units per cc. If these observations with a non-pathogenic organism in vitro are applicable to the pathogenic organism in vivo, they suggest that the combined use of fever and penicillin in the treatment of syphilis may be more effective than either alone.
Advances in targeted therapies VI
Authors: F C Breedveld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

The papers brought together in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the Sixth International Symposium on Advances in Targeted Therapies, which was held from 28 April to 2 May 2004. As such these presentations represent the state of the art on the biology of mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) as well as other important mediators of inflammation. Current knowledge on the means and consequences of blocking TNF or other molecules is presented as well.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Furst, Feldmann, …
South Africa Warns of Emergence of “Totally” Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gouty Arthritis in Filipinos
Authors: John L. Decker, James J. Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN the course of three recent consecutive weekly meetings of the King County Hospital Arthritis Clinic 2 Filipino males appeared, both of whom were suffering from acute gouty arthritis. The low number of Filipinos and the relative rarity of gout in the population aroused our interest in this curious association.The charts of all males with gout coded by the record room from house-staff discharge diagnoses from 1954 to May 1, 1959, were examined. Race and place of birth were recorded in the charts by the admitting clerks. Cases were accepted into the study if there was a history of . . .
Gene expression and atrial natriuretic factor processing and secretion in cultured AT-1 cardiac myocytes.
Authors: N A Lanson, C C Glembotski, M E Steinhelper, L J Field, W C Claycomb
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Studies were carried out to characterize several biochemical features of cultured AT-1 cells.These cells were obtained from a transplantable atrial cardiomyocyte tumor lineage. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-based analyses demonstrated that the pattern of gene expression of cultured AT-1 cells was similar to that of adult atrial myocytes. AT-1 cells expressed atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain, alpha-cardiac actin, and connexin43. Radioimmunoassays verified that the cells synthesized, stored, and secreted ANF. Through size-exclusion, reversed-phase, and carboxymethyl-ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, it was shown that cultured AT-1 cells stored ANF as pro-ANF (ANF-[1-126]), which was cosecretionally processed quantitatively to ANF-(1-98) and the bioactive 28-amino-acid ANF-(99-126). In addition, cultured AT-1 cells secreted ANF at almost a sixfold greater rate in response to endothelin-1, a potent secretagogue of ANF. KCl, metenkephalinamide, isoproterenol, phenylephrine, and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate also stimulated ANF release.These studies, in combination with previous findings, demonstrated that cultured AT-1 cells, while maintaining the ability to proliferate, have retained functional, biochemical, and ultrastructural features that are characteristic of adult atrial myocytes.
PAR2 antagonists---the next generation of anti- inflammatories?
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

New understanding of how sensory nerve cells transmit their signals to the central nervous system has been reached by researchers at the University of California in San Francisco.

Nigel Bunnett, professor of surgery and physiology, and his team have shown that tryptase—a degradatory enzyme known to be involved in triggering the inflammatory process—works by activating a new class of receptor called PAR2 (proteinase activated 2 receptors).

Professor Bunnett's work suggests that substances that block these receptors could make good candidates for new anti-inflammatory drugs (Nature Medicine 2000;6:151-8).

When sensory …
Validation of pain and patient global scales in chronic gout: data from two randomised controlled trials
Authors: J. A. Singh, S. Yang, V. Strand, L. Simon, A. Forsythe, S. Hamburger, L. Chen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess validity of pain and patient global scales in gout. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors used data from pegloticase clinical trials in chronic refractory gout to examine the validity of visual analogue scale (VAS) pain, Short-Form 36 (SF-36) bodily pain subscale and VAS patient global assessment (all scales 0–100). Convergent/divergent validity with clinical characteristics was tested by using Spearman9s correlation coefficient. For discriminant ability, the authors compared the change at 6 months between placebo and pegloticase arms and calculated effect size (ES) and standardised response mean (SRM). <h3>Results</h3> 212 patients (mean age, 55.4 years, 82% men; 73% with tophaceous gout) provided data. VAS pain was statistically significantly correlated with tender joints (r=0.42), swollen joints (r=0.30), SF-36 physical (r=−0.56) and Mental Component Summary (r=−0.36) and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (r=0.54; all p-values &lt;0.0001), but not disease duration (r=−0.01; p=0.84), gout flares (r=0.12; p=0.08), comorbidities (r=0.05; p=0.47) or plasma urate (r=0.01; p=0.89). Similar and significant correlation coefficients with tender and swollen joints were noted for VAS patient global assessment (r=0.35 and 0.23; p&lt;0.0012 for both) and SF-36 pain subscale (r=−0.27 and −0.19; p&lt;0.006 for both). Pegloticase group had significantly more improvement than placebo at 6 months, mean (SD): VAS pain, −9.2 (29.3) versus 1.9 (26.4), p=0.0002; SF-36 pain, 14.6 (25.6) versus −0.04 (21.1), p&lt;0.0001; and patient global, −9.3 (26.5) versus 3.4 (22.8), p&lt;0.0001. ES and SRMs in pegloticase group were as follows: VAS pain, 0.34 and 0.30; SF-36 pain, 0.69 and 0.57; patient global, 0.49 and 0.44. <h3>Conclusion</h3> VAS pain, SF-36 pain and patient global VAS are valid outcome measures in patients with chronic gout.
The<i>Wendland</i>Case — Withdrawing Life Support from Incompetent Patients Who Are Not Terminally Ill
Authors: Bernard Lo, Laurie Dornbrand, Leslie E Wolf, Michelle Groman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Many patients do not have formal plans about who should make end-of-life decisions for them if they become unable to make such decisions themselves. This Sounding Board article reviews the case of a man who had informal conversations with his wife and children about end-of-life care, but who had not made a formal statement about either his wishes or who should act in his interest if he were unable to do so. Head trauma received in an automobile accident resulted in substantial but not life-threatening neurologic impairment. In an important decision, the Supreme Court of California sided with the patient's mother, who wished to keep him alive, rather than with his wife and daughter, who wished not to replace a feeding tube. The authors review the case and its implications for end-of-life decisions.
On the Use of Dog's Serum in the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: C. Beretta
Journal: BMJ (1891)

it is not an absolutely certain antipyretic, but it is commonly of decided advantage if persevered with in reducing the fever, and by so doing in diminishing the activity of the disease.3. That even where it fails within a reasonable time to modify the fever, it is still serviceable in most cases in dimi- nishing expectoration and in modifying the cough.4. Thlough it is serviceable in limiting waste by reducing temperature and by diminislhing expectoration, it cannot be said that this treatment is specially favourable to increase in body weight.5. The treatment is without risk with ordinary precaution.6.Its use does not prevent the development of other tuberculous outbreaks or extensions of tuberculous mischief, for tuberculous meningitis, pleurisy, haemoptysis, pneumothorax have been shown to occur after many injections.7. In interpreting the mode of action of these remedies, their antiparasitic action should not exclusively be thought of.It should not be forgotten that both remedies act, even in small doses, Upon the patient himself; that so long ago as 1867 Headland, in his Action of Medicines, described creasote as a sedative, a stimulant of mucous membranes, and as a true astringent.
The People's Health Assembly
Authors: Z. Chowdhury, M. Rowson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In 1978, 134 health ministers from around the world signed the Alma Ata declaration that set a deadline for the year 2000 for achieving a level of health that would enable all of the world's people to “lead a socially and econmically productive life.”1 The strategy to achieve the goal would be the implementation of primary health care, with its emphasis on community participation, and tackling the underlying causes of diseases, such as poverty, illiteracy, and poor sanitation. This week, at Gonoshasthya Kendra People's Health Centre (whose pioneering work formed a case study for the Alma Ata declaration), a People's Health Assembly will convene to discuss the failure to achieve “Health for All,” and plan what to do next.

Much of the problem lies in the persistence of poverty and a continuing lack of effective health services. Average per capita incomes in sub-Saharan Africa are lower than they were at the end of the 1960s, and half of the region's population must now survive on less than 40p (56 cents) a day.2 AIDS is ravaging a continent beset by rising levels of malaria and tuberculosis; many health services have …
Treatment of Baldness with -Pyridylcarbinol
Authors: V. E. L. Hart, D. S. Wilkinson, J. F. T. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1956)

In my case, despite the length of time the patient had been paralysed, complete neurological recovery took place.As the radiograph shows, considerable radiological change was already present in the vertebral bodies at the time of admission.Rankin and Flothow (1946) report a similar case in which, despite considerable delay in treatment after paralysis had set in, recovery took place.This is contrary to the malign results that attend epidural space infections in the lumbar region.The reasons presum- ably are that in the cervical region the tension is in front of the stout spinal ligament and that the cervical cord, receiving a large part of its blood supply from the cervical branches of the vertebral artery, is less dependent on inter- vertebral components.The diagnosis should not present great difficulty provided the possibility of the condition is borne in mind.But the condition is rare, and the striking neurological signs may fix attention to the cord, so that the aetiological cause of these signs escapes observation.
Alcohol consumption and risk of coronary heart disease.
Authors: R Jackson, R Scragg, R Beaglehole
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the hypothesis that the apparent protective effect of habitual alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease is due to drinkers at high risk of coronary heart disease becoming non-drinkers.Case-control population based study. Data were obtained from interviews with patients with non-fatal myocardial infarction and their controls and with the next of kin of those who had died of coronary heart disease and their controls.Auckland, New Zealand.Two groups of cases were studied. The first comprised 227 men and 72 women with non-fatal myocardial infarction identified from a population based surveillance programme for coronary heart disease; controls were 525 men and 341 women randomly selected from the same population group and matched for age and sex. The second group comprised 128 men and 30 women who had died of coronary heart disease and had been identified from the surveillance programme; controls were a sample of the previous control group and comprised 330 men and 214 women matched for age and sex. All participants were aged 25-64 years and without diagnosed coronary heart disease.Regular alcohol consumption; high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations.Men with myocardial infarction and men who had died of coronary heart disease were more likely to have been never drinkers (had never drunk more than once a month) than controls (18% v 12% and 23% v 13% respectively). After possible confounding factors had been controlled for, people in all categories of drinking (up to more than 56 drinks per week) had at least a 40% reduction in risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease compared with never drinkers. Former drinkers also had a lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction than never drinkers (relative risks 0.41 and 0.10 in men and women respectively) but a similar risk of death from coronary heart disease. The reduction in risk was consistently greater in women than in men in all drinking categories but there was no clear dose-response effect in either sex.The results support the hypothesis that light and moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. This protective effect in this population was not due to the misclassification of former drinkers with a high risk of coronary heart disease as non-drinkers.
Acute renal infarction in sickle cell disease
Authors: James Granfortuna, Kenneth Zamkoff, Enrique Urrutia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract End organ failure in sickle cell disease has classically been attributed to changes in the microvasculature. A case is reported in which sudden and complete loss of blood flow to the left kidney occurred during a painful crisis in a woman with homozygous SS disease. The findings are most consistent with occlusion of the renal artery.
Hsp72 up-regulates Epstein-Barr virus EBNALP coactivation with EBNA2
Authors: Chih-Wen Peng, Bo Zhao, Hong-Chi Chen, Min-Luen Chou, Chiou-Yan Lai, Shinn-Zong Lin, Hsue-Yin Hsu, Elliott Kieff
Journal: Blood (2007)
Use of skin thermometer to diagnose acute appendicitis.
Authors: V Jaffe, R T Mathie, B Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1990)

accordingly.The advent of HIV infection has obviously forced a reappraisal of this, but as yet we see no reason to alter a system that is working very well.In our experience, people who inject opiates can, and do, change their behaviour for the better, and our philosophy is to enhance and encourage this process; prescribing street drugs inhibits it and hinders the formation of useful therapeutic relationships.Prescribing also creates a situation in which it becomes very difficult or impossible to distinguish between reported and actual behavioural change.It is completely misleading and unjustified, therefore, to infer that, simply because a medical practitioner does not unquestioningly embark on Dr Greenwood's commonsense approach of prescribing maintenance drugs, there is no medical intervention or that no useful therapeutic work is being done.Quite the opposite, in fact.