tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COPD detected with screening: impact on patient management and prognosis
Authors: Loes C.M. Bertens, Johannes B. Reitsma, Yvonne van Mourik, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Karel G.M. Moons, Arno W. Hoes, Frans H. Rutten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

It is uncertain whether screening of older persons for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is worthwhile because the effects on patient management and prognosis are unknown. We aimed to assess the short-term consequences of detecting COPD in frail elderly subjects with dyspnoea, considering pulmonary drug use, hospitalisations and all-cause mortality. Community-dwelling frail elderly subjects, aged 65 years and older, with dyspnoea, participating in a screening study on COPD and heart failure were included. Final diagnoses were assigned by an expert panel based on all data from the screening strategy, including spirometry. Follow-up data were collected from the general practitioners. Of the 386 patients, 84 (21.8%) were received a new diagnosis of COPD. Overall, changes in pulmonary drug prescription during 6 months of follow-up were infrequent (n = 53, 13.7%; among new cases of COPD, 15 (17.9%) out of 84). Of all participants, 25.9% were hospitalised in the first year of follow-up, with the highest rate in patients with newly detected COPD (32.1%). Many new cases of COPD could be detected by screening frail elderly subjects with dyspnoea, but the impact on patient management seems limited. Our study underlines the importance of obtaining follow-up data to assess the true impact of a (screen-detected) diagnosis of COPD on patient management and outcome.
Long Term Efficacy of Class I Antiarrhythmic Agents and Amiodarone* in Patients with Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: G. Schmidt, L. Goedel-Meinen, G. Jahns, R. Linné, U. Schaudig, G. Kein, W. Baedeker, A. Wirtzfeld
Journal: Drugs (1985)
Labour promises further targets for health care if re-elected
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Further process targets will be rolled out if Labour wins the forthcoming general election, health secretary Andy Burnham has promised. This marks a clear difference from the Conservatives, who have pledged to phase them out.

Speaking at the health policy think tank the King’s Fund the day after Prime Minister Gordon Brown announced a 6 May general election, Mr Burnham said that removal of national standards takes power away from patients and returns it to the system.

“I believe that in a national health service there must be national standards that every single patient has the right to expect when they arrive at the door of the [NHS],” he …
A Textbook of X-ray Diagnosis by British Authors
Authors: Robert N. Cooley
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The first edition (1939) had three volumes, the present fourth edition six volumes. The editorship over this 30-year period has been continuous so that the format has remained essentially the same, retaining the qualities which created the appeal of previous editions—concise style, orderly presentation, strong clinical orientation, and for the most part excellent reproductions of roentgenograms.  In the present volume the various sections, written by seven contributors, are undoubtedly representative of British radiologic practice. This is generally quite similar to that in the United States but differs in a number of details and in emphasis on technique. The preference for the use of water-soluble contrast substances in the place of barium seems more evident than is the usual practice in the United States.  Such subjects as cecal stasis, rectal constipation, and the use of the barium meal as a test for constipation receive considerable space in the text. On the
COMPARISON OF ALLERGENICITY OF A PERFUME IN ANIMALS (GUINEA PIG MAXIMIZATION TEST) AND IN HUMANS (USAGE TEST)
Authors: ALF BJÖRNBERG, LARS HELLGREN
Journal: Allergy (1974)

Using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test, the sensitization rate of a perfume was shown to be 10 per cent, which means a mild allergenicity rate. A usage sensitization trial was performed with the same perfume included in a soap, on 300 persons for 2-3 months. Seventy-five of these, all house-wives, were randomly selected and tested epicutaneously, after the trial. One woman reacted allergically towards the perfume. This means a sensitization rate of 1.3 per cent, which is a maximum value, as she could, theoretically, have been sensitized before.
Leukotriene biosynthesis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from two patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
Authors: S J Feinmark, A M Udén, J Palmblad, C Malmsten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) isolated from two patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) were tested for their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid to lipoxygenase products including 5(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-6,14-cis-8,10-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid (LTB4). Analyses of incubations of these PMNL with arachidonic acid and the calcium ionophore A23187 did not differ from simultaneous controls in the production of LTB4, other 5,12-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, or monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids. The clinical diagnosis of CGD was confirmed in both cases by determination of PMNL chemiluminescence. Leukocytes from both patients failed to generate active oxygen species in response to either LTB4 or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The observation of arachidonic acid oxidation in the absence of superoxide anion precludes a role for the active oxygen species in this metabolic process. These studies clearly dissociate the ionophore-induced leukocyte respiratory burst from the oxidation of arachidonate to the leukotrienes. In addition, the defect of CGD appears to be unrelated to the ability of PMNL to carry out arachidonate oxygenation.
Performance in Omics Analyses of Blood Samples in Long-Term Storage: Opportunities for the Exploitation of Existing Biobanks in Environmental Health Research
Authors: Dennie G.A.J. Hebels, Panagiotis Georgiadis, Hector C. Keun, Toby J. Athersuch, Paolo Vineis, Roel Vermeulen, Lützen Portengen, Ingvar A. Bergdahl, Göran Hallmans, Domenico Palli, Benedetta Bendinelli, Vittorio Krogh, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Jos C.S. Kleinjans, Theo M.C.M. de Kok, Martyn T. Smith, Soterios A. Kyrtopoulos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

The suitability for omic analysis of biosamples collected in previous decades and currently stored in biobanks is unknown.We evaluated the influence of handling and storage conditions of blood-derived biosamples on transcriptomic, epigenomic (CpG methylation), plasma metabolomic [UPLC-ToFMS (ultra performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry)], and wide-target proteomic profiles.We collected fresh blood samples without RNA preservative in heparin, EDTA, or citrate and held them at room temperature for ≤ 24 hr before fractionating them into buffy coat, erythrocytes, and plasma and freezing the fractions at -80oC or in liquid nitrogen. We developed methodology for isolating RNA from the buffy coats and conducted omic analyses. Finally, we analyzed analogous samples from the EPIC-Italy and Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study biobanks.Microarray-quality RNA could be isolated from buffy coats (including most biobank samples) that had been frozen within 8 hr of blood collection by thawing the samples in RNA preservative. Different anticoagulants influenced the metabolomic, proteomic, and to a lesser extent transcriptomic profiles. Transcriptomic profiles were most affected by the delay (as little as 2 hr) before blood fractionation, whereas storage temperature had minimal impact. Effects on metabolomic and proteomic profiles were noted in samples processed ≥ 8 hr after collection, but no effects were due to storage temperature. None of the variables examined significantly influenced the epigenomic profiles. No systematic influence of time-in-storage was observed in samples stored over a period of 13-17 years.Most samples currently stored in biobanks are amenable to meaningful omics analysis, provided that they satisfy collection and storage criteria defined in this study.
Hormone Therapy and In-Hospital Survival After Myocardial Infarction in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Michael G. Shlipak, Brad G. Angeja, Alan S. Go, Paul D. Frederick, John G. Canto, Deborah Grady
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Although postmenopausal hormone therapy (HRT) commonly is used in hope of preventing coronary heart disease, the effect of HRT on case fatality of myocardial infarction has never been studied. We evaluated HRT as a predictor of survival after MI in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results The present study was performed with 114 724 women of age ≥55 years with confirmed myocardial infarction who presented between April 1998 and January 2000 to 1 of 1674 hospitals participating in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-3. Presenting characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome data were obtained by chart review. At time of hospitalization, 7353 (6.4%) women reported current use of HRT, defined as use of estrogen, progestin, or estrogen/progestin for reasons other than contraception. Unadjusted mortality was 7.4% in users of HRT and 16.2% in nonusers (odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.43). After adjustments were made for prior medical history, clinical characteristics, treatments received in-hospital, and likelihood of receiving HRT, HRT remained associated with an improved rate of survival (odds ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.72). Significant association of HRT with decreased mortality after myocardial infarction was observed in all age strata. Conclusions Postmenopausal HRT appears to be associated with reduced mortality after myocardial infarction. This finding could be caused by therapeutic effect of HRT, selection and adherence bias, or some combination of both.
Analysis of the protein network of cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Marco Segatto, Pamela Rosso, Sandra Moreno, Valentina Pallottini
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Cholesterol plays essential roles in the physiology of the central nervous system, ranging from axonal transport to synaptic plasticity [1,2]. Cholesterol metabolism maintenance is guaranteed by an intricate regulatory protein network, and imbalances in this fragile homeostatic regulation can easily lead to neurodegenerative disorders [3]. Molecular genetic evidence on apolipoprotein E isoforms has implications for cholesterol in the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [4]. Moreover, a plethora of data suggest that statins, HMG CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibitors widely used in therapies against hypercholesterolemia, could reduce the risk of developing AD [5]. Despite this evidence, no systematic research is being done to study the putative deregulation of cholesterol homeostasis in AD. Here, we analyzed the main proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in Tg2576 mouse model of AD.
Abstract P2-05-03: Role of tumor immune environment in tumor initiation and growth rates in mouse mammary tumor models
Authors: S Stanton, E Gadd, L Rastetter, M Slota, M Koehnlein, P Treuting, M Disis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The role of the tumor immune environment is critical in human breast cancer tumorigenesis and response to therapy: tumors with a Th1 immune activating environment (high cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and low FoxP3 and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC)) show improved response to chemotherapy and improved disease free survival and prognosis, where tumors with a Th2 immune suppressive environment (increased FoxP3, increased MDSC, and decreased CD8 T cells) shows poor response to chemotherapy and worse disease free survival and prognosis. There has not been good correlation with animal models of mammary tumorigenesis and human response to chemotherapy because in mouse models (1) tumor implant models do not show the tumor immune infiltration seen in human tumors (2) xenograph models are not immunocompetent (3) the tumor immune infiltration has not been evaluated the spontaneous mouse mammary models. We evaluated the tumor immune environment in relation to time to tumor development and rate of tumor growth in two commonly used transgenic mouse models: TgMMTV-neu and C3(1)Tag to better define role of the tumor immune environment in tumorigenesis in spontaneous mouse mammary tumor models. Spontaneous tumorigenesis was studied in 80 TgMMTV-neu and 58 C3(1)Tag mice who were observed for tumor development from 6 weeks until tumor ∼1000 mm3. Differences in (1) time to tumor development (2) rate of tumor growth (3) tumor immune environment were evaluated. Between the transgenic mouse models, TgMMTV-neu mice (n = 10) developed tumors later, around 35.0 weeks, and the tumors grew slower with an average growth rate of 47.9 mm3/week than C3(1)Tag mice which developed tumors around 18.2 weeks with an average growth rate of 88.1 (p = 0.006). The tumor infiltration of MDSC inhibitory cells were higher in the C3(1)Tag mice than the TgMMTV-neu mice and approaches significance (17.4% of all lymphocytes in C3(1)Tag and 4.1% in TgMMTV-neu p = 0.08). Furthermore, there are increased CD8+ T cells in TgMMTV-neu mouse tumors than in C3(1)Tag (34.08% CD3+ cells in TgMMTV-neu mice and 22.38% in C3(1)Tag mice, p = 0.07) with similar FoxP3 levels (6.4% in TgMMTV-neu and 10.2% in C3(1)Tag mice p = 0.2) therefore the CD8/FoxP3 ratio in TgMMTV-neu mice is 5.3 where the CD8/FoxP3 ratio in C3(1)Tag mice is 2.2. These data demonstrate that C3(1)Tag mice have more aggressive tumorigenesis than the TgMMTV-neu mice and a more immunosuppressive tumor environment (higher MDSC, lower CD8, and smaller CD8/FoxP3 ratio) supporting the tumor immune environment plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-05-03.
Painless non-itching yellow-white spots on genital mucosa
Authors: M. Mohrenschlager, R. Engst, J. Ring
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 28 year old white man presented to the dermatology clinic because of raised, yellow-white coloured skin lesions on the glans of his penis that had been increasing in number over two years. Repeated attempts had been made to cure the affected areas with topical antimycotic drugs, antibiotics, and virostatic agents. Macroscopic inspection showed a penile mucosa covered by densely aggregated yellow-white, minute papules (figure⇓). Lesional swabs to look for colonisation with bacteria, fungi, or viruses were unremarkable.
'Window to Tobacco-Free World' Clouded Slightly
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

WORLD No-Tobacco Day is next Monday and it might have been a good idea for the World Health Organization to combine this year's slogan with the one for 1994. The theme of the sixth annual World No-Tobacco Day on May 31 is "health services—window to a tobacco-free world." Next year's theme is "media against tobacco." But it's this year that the media are having most of the say about tobacco and the news in the United States is not good. For example, it's currently being reported that in 1991, the latest year for which data have been compiled, 25 years of steady decline in the nation's rate of smoking suddenly halted (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993; 269:1932) and there even was a slight increase in the reported percentage of the US population that smokes—from 25.5% in 1990 to 25.7% in 1991. <h3>Discouraging Developments</h3> Michael P. Eriksen, ScD, director, Office on Smoking and Health,
Recent Advances in Surgery: No. 9
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ABSTRACT The British often conceal the contents of a perfectly delightful publication by an inappropriate title. Recent Advances in Surgery: No. 9 is, in fact, a compilation of exactly 19 subjects, only loosely related, and not entirely in keeping with the American concept of surgical literature. The 1973 predecessor, Recent Advances in Surgery: No. 8, presented 19 other topics by the same editor, each a complete review from the earliest information to the current ideas on the subject.It is a reader's delight to glance down the table of contents in either of these volumes, choosing interesting chapters through which to browse before settling down to a careful study of each monograph.One could retitle the book The ABCs of... and among the first chapters list Apudomas, Back pain, and Coronary artery surgery. However, the authors' basic treatment of these three chapters is transformed into a rich and
Propranolol in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: HILTRUD S. MUELLER, STEPHEN M. AYRES, ANNA RELIGA, ROBERT G. EVANS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Improvement of myocardial oxygenation is a major goal in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg intravenously, was administered to 20 patients in the acute state of myocardial infarction without clinical evidence of left ventricular failure. The most important hemodynamic response was a substantial decrease in myocardial contractility. This was reflected by a fall i cardiac index (average of 0.6 L/min/M 2 , P &lt; 0.001) and of arterial mean pressure (average of 16 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.001) with little change in systemic vascular resistance. Decrease in cardiac index was due mainly to decrease in stroke volume. Heart rate, not strikingly increased at the control state in the majority of patients, decreased an average of 7 beats/min ( P &lt; 0.001). Pulmonary wedge pressure rose an average of 2 mm Hg ( P &lt; 0.05). It remained unchanged or decreased in three patients. These varying but small changes in wedge pressure in the presence of decreased contractility may be related to improved left ventricular compliance, produced by propranolol. Propranolol markedly improved myocardial metabolism. Arterial - coronary sinus oxygen difference decreased an average of 0.72 ml/100 ml ( P &lt; 0.001); coronary sinus oxygen tension increased an average of 2 mm Hg. Myocardial lactate production shifted to extraction (average of -8% to 14%) or the rate of lactate extraction increased (average of 20% to 29%). Coronary blood flow decreased an average of 13 ml/100 g/min ( P &lt; 0.001). Both decrease in mean aortic pressure and decrease in myocardial oxygen requirements probably contributed to the fall in coronary blood flow. The finding, that myocardial metabolism improved, suggests that reduction in myocardial oxygen demand outweighed the decrease in coronary blood flow. None of the 20 patients developed left ventricular failure or other complications related to beta-adrenergic blockade. Severe chest pain, unresponsive to conventional therapy in four patients, was relieved by propranolol. These findings demonstrate that acutely administered propranolol improves myocardial oxygenation in patients with uncomplicated acute infarction without endangering perfusion of other vital organs.
Reactive oxygen species regulate FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) and susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes
Authors: J Nitobe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Fas ligand (FasL) is a key cytokine which initiates apoptosis when FasL binds to its receptor, Fas. Cardiac myocytes are generally resistant to Fas-induced apoptosis. However, sublethal dose of doxorubicin (Dox) can sensitize cardiac myocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis. We investigated the molecular mechanism by which Dox sensitizes cardiac myocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis. FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP) is a key molecule for blocking Fas-induced apoptosis by functioning as a caspase-8 dominant negative.FLIP was constitutively expressed in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. FLIP protein levels were markedly down-regulated by Dox in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Next, we examined the relation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Dox to the expression of FLIP. Both of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the combination of superoxide dismutase and catalase restored the decreased FLIP in Dox-treated cardiac myocytes to the basal level. NAC also restored the increased formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance after Dox-treatment. Concurrently, the susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis disappeared with the treatments of the antioxidant agents. Hydrogen peroxide down-regulated FLIP in a dose-dependent fashion and also sensitized cardiac myocytes to Fas-induced apoptosis.FLIP, an inhibitor of apoptosis induced by cytokines of TNF family, contributes at least partly to Dox-induced sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. The expression of FLIP in cardiac myocytes is regulated by ROS.
Leukopenia in Negroes
Authors: Goronwy O. Broun, Francis K. Herbig, John R. Hamilton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE accepted normal values for white blood cells in the peripheral blood as stated in the various medical textbooks are based on several studies of large groups of apparently normal persons.1 2 3 4 For various reasons the authors have utilized almost exclusively white populations in deriving these normal values.5 , 6 The possible existence of significant racial differences in "normal values" for these parameters has thus received little attention, in spite of the fact that such differences are known to exist in other peripheral blood measurements such as the erythrocyte count, and in situations directly affecting the white blood cells such as the incidence . . .
The Timing of Surgery for Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: John Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In this issue of the Journal, Ling et al.1 present a retrospective study of long-term clinical outcomes in a large group of patients with mitral regurgitation diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic. Because the study included only patients with a diagnosis of partial flail mitral leaflet, echocardiography could be used to document severe regurgitation in most patients (in earlier reports, the degree of mitral regurgitation was often uncertain); a valve-repair procedure was feasible in two thirds of the patients treated surgically. Although 71 percent of the 229 patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II when . . .
ABC of Palliative Care
Authors: J. Cameron Muir
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 May 1999ABC of Palliative CareJ. Cameron Muir, MDJ. Cameron Muir, MDNorthwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. (Muir)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Fallon M, O'Neill W; eds. 68 pages. London: BMJ; 1998. $27.00. ISBN 072790793X. Order phone 44-171-387-4499.Field of medicine: Palliative care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and students seeking a general overview of pertinent issues in palliative care.Purpose: To provide a concise overview of the practice of palliative care.Content: This short book covers both the prevalent symptom control issues in palliative care and the nonphysical aspects of “whole person care,” which is characteristic of the field. It begins with a brief introduction to the principles of palliative care, followed by colorful, well-written chapters on the broad ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois. (Muir) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 9Page: 787KeywordsAIDSCaregiversChildrenHIVMouthNauseaPalliative carePatientsPharmacistsVomiting Issue Published: 4 May 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...