tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lineage-Specific T-Cell Responses to Cancer Mucosa Antigen Oppose Systemic Metastases without Mucosal Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Adam E. Snook, Peng Li, Benjamin J. Stafford, Elizabeth J. Faul, Lan Huang, Ruth C. Birbe, Alessandro Bombonati, Stephanie Schulz, Matthias J. Schnell, Laurence C. Eisenlohr, Scott A. Waldman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cancer mucosa antigens are emerging as a new category of self-antigens expressed normally in immunologically privileged mucosal compartments and universally by their derivative tumors. These antigens leverage the established immunologic partitioning of systemic and mucosal compartments, limiting tolerance opposing systemic antitumor efficacy. An unresolved issue surrounding self-antigens as immunotherapeutic targets is autoimmunity following systemic immunization. In the context of cancer mucosa antigens, immune effectors to self-antigens risk amplifying mucosal inflammatory disease promoting carcinogenesis. Here, we examined the relationship between immunotherapy for systemic colon cancer metastases targeting the intestinal cancer mucosa antigen guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) and its effect on inflammatory bowel disease and carcinogenesis in mice. Immunization with GCC-expressing viral vectors opposed nascent tumor growth in mouse models of pulmonary metastasis, reflecting systemic lineage-specific tolerance characterized by CD8+, but not CD4+, T-cell or antibody responses. Responses protecting against systemic metastases spared intestinal epithelium from autoimmunity, and systemic GCC immunity did not amplify chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, GCC immunization failed to promote intestinal carcinogenesis induced by germ-line mutations or chronic inflammation. The established role of CD8+ T cells in antitumor efficacy, but CD4+ T cells in autoimmunity, suggests that lineage-specific responses to GCC are particularly advantageous to protect against systemic metastases without mucosal inflammation. These observations support the utility of GCC-targeted immunotherapy in patients at risk for systemic metastases, including those with inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, and sporadic colorectal cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3537–44]
Rules for Research on Human Genetic Variation — Lessons from Iceland
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Research on genetic variation aims to understand how genes function and requires the comparison of DNA samples from groups of individuals to identify variations that might have importance for health or disease.1 This work is easier if the samples are linked to accurate medical records and genealogic information. Iceland has medical records for all its citizens going back to World War I and detailed genealogic information going back even further. Because Iceland's small population (270,000) has long been isolated and homogeneous, it is thought by many to be an ideal place to search for disease-related genes. Journalists have cavalierly labeled . . .
Record 5 million UK children expected to be living in poverty by 2020
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of children in the UK trapped in poverty is expected to climb to a record five million by 2020, research by Save the Children suggests.

In its report A Fair Start for Every Child , the charity examines the impact of poverty on the lives of children in the UK, what is driving child poverty and how many children are likely to be affected by poverty in the future.1

Although child poverty levels fell between 1998 and 2004, the report shows that ahead of the financial crisis they stalled. There is a cross party commitment to end child poverty by 2020, but Save the Children’s projections suggest that the number of children living in poverty is actually likely to increase by 1.4 million—a 41% rise on the 3.5 million children living in poverty now. To …
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perioperative Outcomes and Complications After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Raymond C. Rosen, Walter Artibani, Anthony Costello, James A. Eastham, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Hendrik Van Poppel, Filiberto Zattoni, Francesco Montorsi, Alexandre Mottrie, Timothy G. Wilson
Journal: European Urology (2012)
A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of suspended polymethylmethacrylate microspheres for the correction of atrophic facial acne scars
Authors: Jwala Karnik, Leslie Baumann, Suzanne Bruce, Valerie Callender, Steven Cohen, Pearl Grimes, John Joseph, Ava Shamban, James Spencer, Ruth Tedaldi, William Philip Werschler, Stacy R. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Patient Satisfaction as a Quality Metric Promotes Bad Medicine—Reply
Authors: Daniella Meeker, Mark W. Friedberg, Jeffrey A. Linder
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Dr Wexler is concerned that efforts to curtail unnecessary antibiotic use may lead to lower patient satisfaction with care. Our study, which did not measure patients’ experiences of care, does not address this concern directly.1 However, the intent of our intervention was to influence clinicians and patients in a way that might improve both antibiotic stewardship and patient experience. By publicly posting clinicians’ personal commitments to provide evidence-based care, we sought to enlist patients and clinicians in support of a common goal. Public commitments justify our future actions to others, leading naturally to understanding rather than dissatisfaction.2 And, people who show consistency with their public commitments are evaluated more positively than those who do not.3

On the broader issue that Dr Wexler raises, we can offer some encouragement. First, most patients who seek care for acute respiratory tract infections state that they want a diagnosis, reassurance, and relief from symptoms—not an antibiotic.4 This is true even when patients request antibiotics discordant with guidelines. Second, even in the face of such demand, several studies have shown that satisfaction does not increase with receipt of antibiotics.5 Third, critical methodological flaws have plagued recent studies linking better patient experience to adverse health outcomes and additional costs.6

To date, the evidence suggests that efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing do not result in significantly lower patient experience ratings. Improving patients’ experiences of care need not require that we abandon sound antibiotic prescribing principles.
Doctors and the drug industry
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Royal College of Physicians is looking at relations between doctors and the drug industry and wants to hear from you (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39428.617431.DB). In case you need them, here are some pointers from this week’s BMJ .

Firstly, should we fear for the integrity of medical research because clinical trials are overwhelmingly funded by industry? Yes, says Paulo Bruzzi (doi 10.1136/bmj.39416.559942.BE). Industry designs trials mainly to get new drugs registered as soon as possible, preferably with an unrestricted indication. The best trials for this—in large unselected populations—often leave key questions unanswered and, because of ethical constraints on subsequent trials, unanswerable.

Bruzzi is only …
Therapeutic Substitution—Usurpation of the Physician's Prerogative
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The prescription of a drug represents the culmination of a deliberative process between physician and patient aimed at the prevention, amelioration, or elimination of a disease or disorder. This deliberative process requires that the physician understand a broad spectrum of scientific and psychosocial issues germane to the success of treatment.<sup>1</sup>
Distribution of T serotypes of group A streptococci isolates from cellulitis lesions
Authors: K. Hayakawa, M. Kurata, A. Okazaki, M. Okazaki, M. Endo, T. Shiohara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Distribution of T serotypes of group A streptococci isolates from cellulitis lesions Get access K. Hayakawa, K. Hayakawa Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine 6‐20‐2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181‐8611, Japan E‐mail: haykaz@ks.kyorin‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kurata, M. Kurata Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine 6‐20‐2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181‐8611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Okazaki, A. Okazaki Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine 6‐20‐2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181‐8611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Okazaki, M. Okazaki Department of Clinical Laboratories, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Endo, M. Endo Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Shiohara T. Shiohara Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine 6‐20‐2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181‐8611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1416–1418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09473.x Published: 01 December 2009
CAUCASIANS WITH RENAL FAILURE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION HAVE HIGHER MORTALITY AS COMPARED TO BLACK OR HISPANICS PATIENTS: AN ACAP-RACE REGISTRY ANALYSIS
Authors: Alexandre M. Beno, Girish Nadkarni, Chaithanya Pamidimukala, Manpreet singh Sabharwal, Shiv K. Agarwal, Vijay Lapsia, Urvi Pai, Mayra Rodriguez, Joseph Bastawrose, Shuaib Mohamed, Joshua Aziz, Eyal Herzog, Emad Aziz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Dermatologist preferences for first-line therapy of moderate to severe psoriasis in healthy adult patients
Authors: Joy Wan, Katrina Abuabara, Andrea B. Troxel, Daniel B. Shin, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Bruce F. Bebo, Gerald G. Krueger, Kristina Callis Duffin, Joel M. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Bacterial DNA activates cell mediated immune response and nitric oxide overproduction in peritoneal macrophages from patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: R Frances
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Translocation of intestinal bacteria to ascitic fluid is probably the first step in the development of episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. We have recently reported the detection of bacterial DNA in blood and ascitic fluid from patients with advanced cirrhosis, what we consider as molecular evidence of bacterial translocation. Several studies have shown the immunogenic role of bacterial DNA in vitro, and we hypothesised that the presence of bacterial DNA could activate the type I immune response in peritoneal macrophages from these patients, leading to greater cytokine synthesis (interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12, tumour necrosis factor α, and interferon γ) and effector molecules such as nitric oxide. <b>Methods:</b> Peritoneal macrophages obtained from patients with cirrhosis and culture negative non-neutrocytic ascitic fluid were collected and characterised by flow cytometry. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide levels, and cytokine production were measured by immunoenzymometric assays in basal and harvested conditions according to the presence/absence of bacterial DNA. <b>Results:</b> The ability of peritoneal macrophages to synthesise nitric oxide and levels of all cytokines were significantly increased in patients with bacterial DNA. There was a positive correlation between inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> The presence of bacterial DNA in patients with decompensated cirrhosis is associated with marked activation of peritoneal macrophages, as evidenced by nitric oxide synthesising ability, together with enhanced cytokine production.
CASE FINDING IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: W. Palmer Dearing
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I desire to call attention to a statement on 35 mm. roentgenograms in the timely editorial entitled "Case Finding in Tuberculosis" (The Journal, May 17, p. 2278), which might well be amplified. Only projection is mentioned by the editor as a means of enlarging the fluorographic images for interpretation. Both theoretical physical considerations and practical experience indicate that viewing by transmitted light with suitable magnification is superior to projection. No opaque surface can reproduce the gradation and contrast in the originnal negative. Convenient viewers with excellent lenses permitting variable magnification are now commercially available, and a stereoscopic viewer is being developed which will permit stereoscopic fluorograms at a film cost of less than 1 cent a patient. In evaluating the 35 mm. technic, one should realize that methods and materials are still being improved under the stimulus of wide interest. It must be remembered that standard x-ray
Novel roles of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin in colon carcinoma cell adhesion, migration and in-vivo metastasis to the liver
Authors: Yunfei Zuo, Shuangyi Ren, Min Wang, Biao Liu, Juntao Yang, Xuezhang Kuai, Changwei Lin, Dianyuan Zhao, Li Tang, Fuchu He
Journal: Gut (2012)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand PET induces management changes in patients with prostate cancer. We aim to better characterize the impact of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 PET (<sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET) on management of recurrent prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort. <b>Methods:</b> We report management changes after <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET, a secondary endpoint of a prospective multicenter trial in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Pre-PET (Q1), post-PET (Q2), and posttreatment (Q3) questionnaires were sent to referring physicians recording site of recurrence and intended (Q1 to Q2 change) and implemented (Q3) therapeutic and diagnostic management. <b>Results:</b> Q1 and Q2 response was collected for 382 of 635 patients (60%, intended cohort), and Q1, Q2, and Q3 response was collected for 206 patients (32%, implemented cohort). An intended management change occurred in 260 of 382 (68%) patients. The intended change was considered major in 176 of 382 (46%) patients. Major changes occurred most often for patients with prostate-specific antigen of 0.5 to less than 2.0 ng/mL (81/147, 55%). By analysis of stage groups, management change was consistent with PET disease location, that is, a majority of major changes toward active surveillance (47%) for unknown disease site (103/382, 27%), toward local or focal therapy (56%) for locoregional disease (126/382, 33%), and toward systemic therapy (69% M1a; 43% M1b/c) for metastatic disease (153/382, 40%). According to Q3 responses, the intended management was implemented in 160 of 206 (78%) patients. In total, 150 intended diagnostic tests, mostly CT (<i>n</i> = 43, 29%) and bone scans or <sup>18</sup>F-NaF PET (<i>n</i> = 52, 35%), were prevented by <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET; 73 tests, mostly biopsies (<i>n</i> = 44, 60%) as requested by the study protocol, were triggered. <b>Conclusion:</b> According to referring physicians, sites of recurrence were clarified by <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET, and disease localization translated into management changes in more than half of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
Structure and dynamics of language representation
Authors: Don M. Tucker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The important Hebbian architecture for language may not be the phonological networks of perisylvian cortex, but rather the semantic networks of limbic cortex. Although the high-frequency EEG findings are intriguing, the results may not yet warrant a confident theory of neural assemblies. Nonetheless, Pulverm&amp;uuml;ller succeeds in framing a comprehensive theory of language function in the literal terms of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology.
Risk factors for mortality of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection: With investigation of the potential role of community-associated MRSA strains
Authors: Jann-Tay Wang, Jiun-Ling Wang, Chi-Tai Fang, Wei-Chu Chie, Mei-Shu Lai, Tsai-Ling Lauderdale, Chia-Min Weng, Shan-Chwen Chang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Glucagon Secreting Pancreatic Tumor: A New Entity.
Authors: Marvin E. Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Glucagon Secreting Pancreatic Tumor: A New Entity.Marvin E. Levin, M.D., F.A.C.P., Lillian Recant, M.D., Charles Kilo, M.D., Malcolm McGavran, M.D., Roger H. Unger, M.D.Marvin E. Levin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Lillian Recant, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles Kilo, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Malcolm McGavran, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roger H. Unger, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1176_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFunctional islet cell tumors have been described in association with syndromes of hypersecretion of insulin and possibly gastrin. To date no instance of a functioning alpha cell tumor secreting glucagon, the hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic hormone of the alpha cell, has been documented. The first such case demonstrated by electron-microscopy and specific radioimmunoassay, is the subject of this report.A 42-year-old white female presented with dermatitis, diabetes, and mild anemia. There was no known family history of diabetes. Resistant dermatitis, the major clinical problem, proved not to be of fungal origin. Diabetes was easily controlled by diet. Eighteen months later hepatomegaly was noted.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri, and Dallas, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1176-1177KeywordsAnemiaDietGastrinGlucagonHepatomegalyHormonesInsulinRadioimmunoassays Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dignity Therapy: Final Words for Final Days
Authors: Andrew R. Barnosky
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream...
Authors: Richard S. Blacher
Journal: JAMA (1979)

SHAKESPEARE'S musings about death in Hamlet's soliloquy encapsulate man's concerns through the ages with this most compelling topic. Such questions as "What does it feel like?" and "Is there a heaven and hell, where one can reunite with lost friends and family?" have bothered ecclesiastics and laymen alike throughout history and have been generally recognized as unanswerable. While heaven is thought of as a pleasant place, death itself is usually considered a painful state—a person is "cold in the grave," for example—and attempts are made to make the corpse as comfortable as possible, both in the grave and during the journey to an afterworld. Thus, the ancients placed food in the tomb, while modern man may bury someone in a silk-lined casket with an innerspring mattress.<sup>1</sup>Heaven becomes a reward for both the suffering of living and the pain of being dead. The idea of returning from death has
Radionuclide imaging of gastric emptying.
Authors: J Leiper
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

The development of hematopoietic neoplasms is often associated with mutations, altered gene expression or chromosomal translocations. Recently, the t(5, 9)(q33;q22) translocation was found in a subset of peripheral T cell lymphomas and was shown to result in an IL-2–inducible kinase–spleen tyrosine kinase (ITK-Syk) fusion transcript. In this study, we show that T cell–specific expression of the ITK-Syk oncogene in mice leads to an early onset and aggressive polyclonal T cell lymphoproliferation with concomitant B cell expansion and systemic inflammation by 7–9 wk of age. Because this phenotype is strikingly different from previous work showing that ITK-Syk expression causes clonal T cell lymphoma by 20–27 wk of age, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in more detail. We show that the reason for the severe phenotype is the lack of B-lymphocyte–induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) induction by low ITK-Syk expression. In contrast, high ITK-Syk oncogene expression induces terminal T cell differentiation in the thymus by activating Blimp-1, thereby leading to elimination of oncogene-expressing cells early in development. Our data suggest that terminal differentiation is an important mechanism to prevent oncogene-expressing cells from malignant transformation, as high ITK-Syk oncogene activity induces cell elimination. Accordingly, for transformation, a specific amount of oncogene is required, or alternatively, the induction of terminal differentiation is defective.
Vertigo as It Confronts the Internist
Authors: Mark Aisner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE term "vertigo" has been subjected to a great deal of abuse. It is not synonymous with "dizziness," which is an extremely common symptom encountered almost daily by the practitioner of general medicine. Vertigo implies a sense of rotation with reference to surrounding objects in space and a loss of the sense of equilibrium. The patient complaining of this symptom is aware of some difficulty in the postural mechanism, and has a feeling of insecurity, especially in the upright position, when a sensation of falling or veering to one side is present. It is often a disabling and alarming symptom, . . .