tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orchidectomy alone for stage I testicular teratoma.
Authors: R Stout, R D Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Orchidectomy alone for stage I testicular teratomaIt has been common practice in the United Kingdom to recommend abdominal lymph node irradiation after orchidectomy for malignant teratoma of the testis, even in the absence of demonstrable abdominal disease.We present the details of 21 men whose only treatment at the time of presentation was orchidectomy.Their subsequent survival and pattern of relapse were compared to a similar group of irradiated patients to determine the benefits of prophylactic irradiation. Patients, methods, and resultsAll patients were referred after radical orchidectomy.Clinical examination and chest radiography were the only staging procedures consistently adopted and no evidence of metastases was found.Twenty-one men seen between 1946 and 1973 received no further treatment at the time of referral.Histological specimens were reviewed at this hospital.Eighteen were malignant teratoma intermediate, two were malignant teratoma undifferentiated, and one was malignant teratoma trophoblastic.Between 1961 and 1970 100 men received postoperative lymph node irradiation.Thirty-three had malignant teratoma intermediate, 39 malignant teratoma undifferentiated, two malignant teratoma trophoblastic, two mixed teratoma and trophoblastic, and 24 mixed teratoma and seminoma.In more than two-thirds of the untreated patients radiotherapy was deferred because of recurring doubts about its efficacy.One patient was receiving peritoneal dialysis for unrelated chronic renal failure and another was severely mentally retarded.Two refused further treatment, and one was not referred until six months after orchidectomy.Fourteen patients remained alive and well.All deaths (7 of 21) occurred within two years of presentation and were due to metastatic disease.One patient died with uncontrolled para-aortic disease, six with widespread metastatic disease, and five with definite lung metastases.Analysis of deceased patients from the untreated group Time Case Age
Cavernous Haemangioma of the Lung
Authors: W. Whitaker
Journal: Thorax (1947)

Cavernous haemangiomata of the lung are rare, and a survey of the French, American, and English literature on the subject has revealed only five cases.In 1936 Bowers reported the case of a baby boy who, two days after birth, became extremely dyspnoeic and died within a few minutes.At autopsy there were many branching raised areas on the surface of both lungs.These were filled with blood and histologically proved to be angiomatous masses.Death was due to the rupture of one of these angiomata into the left pleural cavity.Further details of the autopsy were not reported, and whether or not other haemangiomata existed in this child is unknown.Rodes, in 1938, described the case of a man aged twenty-five whose symptoms had been dyspnoea and cyanosis.Clubbing of the fingers had been noted at the age of fifteen.When he was seen shortly before his death the lips were dark and purplish, with several small spots on each, resembling haemangiomata.No abnormal physical signs were detected in the heart or lungs.A blood count showed a polycythaemia, the haemoglobin content being 118 per cent and the red cell count 7,540,000 per c.mm. Radiography of the chest showed nodular opacities in the left middle zone.Five months after the patient had been first seen, he had two small haemoptyses followed by a severe pulmonary haemorrhage and died.At autopsy there were multilocular haemangiomata of both lungs, and death was due to rupture of one of these into a bronchus.Another case of haemangioma of the lung in a girl of seventeen was pub- lished by Duvoir and others in 1939.She had been observed clinically and radiologically over a period of six years.She was known to have congenital syphilis, and had a bilateral asymmetrical congenital abnormality of her hands, multiple lipomata, and a history of paroiiysma1 dyspnoea.Death was due to pneumonia, and at autopsy a haemangioma was found to occupy the whole of the lower lobe of the left lung.There were similar tumours in other viscera.In 1942 Hepburn and Dauphinee reviewed the three cases described above and repored one other.This woman, aged twenty-three, presented dyspnoea, cyanosis, and clubbing of the fingets./ Radiographic examination of the chest."revealed an infl}trating process in the right middle and lower lobes."Examination of the blood showed a polycythaemia, the haemoglobin content being 140 to 146 per on July 20, 2023 by guest.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Heparin Dosage
Authors: Ben M. Lomaestro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1990Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Heparin DosageBen M. Lomaestro, RPhBen M. Lomaestro, RPhSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-7-549_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Kase and colleagues (Intracranial hemorrhage after use of tissue plasminogen activator for coronary thrombolysis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:17-21) recently presented six cases of patients who had intracranial hemorrhage after receiving treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute myocardial infarction. They reported a 5% incidence of intracerebral bleeding (3 of 60 patients) in tPA recipients from one institution. At the time of their intracranial events, all six patients had excessively prolonged partial thromboplastin times (PTTs) which was described as one of the possible risk factors for the bleeding episodes seen.The data offered by Kase and...References1. CaliffStumpThornton RDD. Hemorrhagic complications after tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1987;76:IV-1. Google Scholar2. TopolGeorgeKereiakes EBD. Comparison of two dose regimens of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:723-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CipolleSeifertNeilanZaskeHaus RRBDE. Heparin kinetics: variables related to disposition and dosage. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:387-93. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Estes J. Application of the kinetics of heparin to the formulation of dosage schedules. In: Bradshaw RA, Wessler S, eds. Heparin. New York: Plenum Publishing Co.; 1975:181-91. Google Scholar5. AlterMarekSperber BMS. Interventional therapy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: thrombolysis with and without angioplasty. Cardiol Clin. 1985;3:29-36. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical Center Albany, NY 12208 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1990Volume 112, Issue 7Page: 549-549KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionHemorrhageHeparinMedical risk factorsPartial thromboplastin timeTissue plasminogen activator Issue Published: 1 April 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hunger and Malnutrition
Authors: Therese Mondeika
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  It has been established by the Bureau of Indian Affairs that the average annual income for a typical Indian reservation family (five to six members) is between $1,500 and $1,700, approximately $300 per individual. According to the 1967 report of the US Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare entitled  Migratory Farm Labor Problem in the United States, it is estimated that the average yearly income of the migrant farm worker is approximately $1,737. This figure is far below the $3,000 income level under which families are commonly considered to be living in poverty. At these levels of income it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to obtain sufficient food to prevent hunger.  A recent article inThe Journal( 213 :739,1970) reported on a nutrition survey of preschool children from impoverished black families in Memphis. The extremely low family incomes, together with information gained by
Initial Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment Accounts for Thalidomide Activity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eleni Efstathiou, Patricia Troncoso, Sijin Wen, Kim-Anh Do, Curtis A. Pettaway, Louis L. Pisters, Timothy J. McDonnell, Christopher J. Logothetis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Disruption of stromal-epithelial interactions favoring prostate cancer progression may affect the phenotype of the disease. We did a preoperative study to test the hypothesis that thalidomide, an active agent in metastatic disease, is a modulator of the tumor microenvironment. Experimental Design: Eighteen men with high-risk prostate cancer were given thalidomide at doses escalated to 600 mg for 12 weeks, followed by radical prostatectomy. We constructed tissue microarrays from prostatectomy specimens from 15 treated patients and 15 matched untreated control subjects to assess effects of thalidomide on the tumor microenvironment. We compared the immunohistochemical expression of three groups of markers linked to angiogenesis, stromal-epithelial interactions, or the epithelial compartment. Levels of circulating basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor were also assessed. Results: Thalidomide was well tolerated and induced a median reduction in prostate-specific antigen of 41% without affecting testosterone. Tissue microarray analyses indicated modulation of vascular marker expression accompanied by a reduction in microvessel density in the treated group. Comparison of broader stromal-epithelial interaction markers between treated and control groups suggested a transition to a less aggressive phenotype as a result of thalidomide treatment. Hedgehog signaling was attenuated and the ratio of matrix metalloproteinases to E-cadherin shifted to favor E-cadherin. No differences were noted in proliferation or apoptosis in the epithelial compartment. Conclusions: These findings are the first clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that the reported thalidomide clinical efficacy is attributable to early modulation of the tumor microenvironment and suggest that stromal-targeting therapies will be effective against prostate cancer.
Effects of High-Protein Versus High-Carbohydrate Diets on Markers of β-Cell Function, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, and Adipokines in Obese, Premenopausal Women Without Diabetes
Authors: Abbas E. Kitabchi, Kristin A. McDaniel, Jim Y. Wan, Frances A. Tylavsky, Crystal A. Jacovino, Chris W. Sands, Ebenezer A. Nyenwe, Frankie B. Stentz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on various metabolic end points (glucoregulation, oxidative stress [dichlorofluorescein], lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde], proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6], adipokines, and resting energy expenditure [REE]) with high protein–low carbohydrate (HP) and high carbohydrate–low protein (HC) diets at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited obese, premenopausal women aged 20–50 years with no diabetes or prediabetes who were randomized to HC (55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein) or HP (40% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 30% protein) diets for 6 months. The diets were provided in prepackaged food, which provided 500 kcal restrictions per day. The above metabolic end points were measured with HP and HC diet at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. RESULTS After 6 months of the HP versus HC diet (12 in each group), the following changes were significantly different by Wilcoxon rank sum test for the following parameters: dichlorofluorescein (−0.8 vs. −0.3 µmol/L, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), malondialdehyde (−0.4 vs. −0.2 μmol/L, P = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (−2.1 vs. −0.8 mg/L, P = 0.0003), E-selectin (−8.6 vs. −3.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0007), adiponectin (1,284 vs. 504 ng/mL, P = 0.0011), tumor necrosis factor-α (−1.8 vs. −0.9 pg/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), IL-6 (−1.3 vs. −0.4 pg/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), free fatty acid (−0.12 vs. 0.16 mmol/L, P = 0.0002), REE (259 vs. 26 kcal, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (4 vs. 0.9, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and β-cell function (7.4 vs. 2.1, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report on the significant advantages of a 6-month hypocaloric HP diet versus hypocaloric HC diet on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in normal, obese females without diabetes.
Abstract 4520: Nanotechnology based drug delivery in childhood leukemia therapy: A novel approach to reduce side-effects.
Authors: Vinu Krishnan, Xian Xu, Sonali Barwe, Xiaowei Yang, Scott A. Waldman, Robert W. Mason, Xinqiao Jia, Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite attaining 5-year survival rates of 90%; more than 60% of pediatric cancer survivors are affected by at-least one life threatening event in their lifetime. Childhood leukemia is currently treated with a combination of chemotherapeutics that are effective in combating the disease. However, these drugs also affect the normal growing cells in children causing devastating side-effects. The goal of this study is to develop nanosized drug delivery formulations that deliver drugs specifically to leukemic cells and ultimately reduce treatment related side-effects in children. Multi-step chemical transformations were employed to construct amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of hydrophilic polyether (PEG) and hydrophobic polyester (PCL) bearing pendent cyclic ketals. The functional block copolymers self-assemble into micelles with a core-shell architecture comprising a segregated PCL core that encapsulates the steroid drug (Dexamethasone) and a sterically stabilized PEG shell that provides a platform to conjugate targeting moieties. Dexamethasone (Dex) and fluorescent-dye encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated by a nanoprecipitation method. The size and morphology of all formulations were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The non-toxic nature of the blank-NPs was confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. The drug encapsulated NPs (Dex-NPs) are endocytosed into leukemic cells and induced cytotoxicity similar to that of free Dex, but at reduced doses. The Dex-NPs significantly improved survival in preclinical mouse models of leukemia. A second generation drug encapsulated targeted NPs with transferrin as the targeting moiety improved NP uptake in leukemic cells by comparison to non-targeted NPs. The demonstrated efficacy of such novel nanotherapeutic systems in vitro and in pre-clinical mouse models of acute leukemia have provided the foundation to successfully create novel therapeutic delivery systems that target and treat pediatric hematological malignancies with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Citation Format: Vinu Krishnan, Xian Xu, Sonali Barwe, Xiaowei Yang, Scott A. Waldman, Robert W. Mason, Xinqiao Jia, Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran. Nanotechnology based drug delivery in childhood leukemia therapy: A novel approach to reduce side-effects. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4520
Dual Virus Infections
Authors: C. Alan Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1966)

During the summer of 1964, Houston recorded its first epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis; a significant number of enteroviral infections also occurred, mostly in children. A total of 31 enteroviruses were identified. At a charity hospital, specimens from 15 of 50 children (30%) with acute febrile central nervous system (CNS) disease yielded enteroviruses. Seven of these 15 also had laboratory confirmed St. Louis encephalitis infections. No enteroviruses were found in specimens from 51 adults in the same hospital with acute CNS disease. In other (private) hospitals, specimens from 11 of 23 children (48%) and 5 of 28 adults (18%) yielded enteroviruses. During the summer months, enteroviruses and other neurotropic viruses such as arboviruses must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any acute febrile CNS disease. Although the clinical picture may suggest arboviral, enteroviral, or dual infection, final determination of etiology rests with the laboratory.
Don't forget pets in PVL positive Staphylococcus aureus infection
Authors: K. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In their overview of Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive Staphylococcus aureus skin infections Fogo and colleagues note the emergence and rapid spread of multiresistant strains in North America and Australia.1 Household pets may have a role in transmission or act as reservoirs of infection. Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) …
Permanent Pacemakers: 8-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: VICTORIA BERNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Experience over 8 years with patients who had permanent pacemakers is reported. Eighty-five of the 112 patients investigated are alive, and 27 have died. The majority of deaths occurred within the first year. The complication rate in the 112 patients was fairly high; 63 patients required 1 or more interventions for correction of problems. Perforation of the myocardium by the transvenous electrode catheter occurred in eight patients. Symptoms, signs, methods of diagnosis, and treatment of perforation are described with special reference to ECG changes that may aid in diagnosis. Attempts were made to assess whether implantation of a pacemaker improved the prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
Book Review Platelets Edited by Alan D. Michelson. 956 pp., illustrated. San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 2002. $249.95. 0-12-493951-1 Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics Edited by Paolo Gresele, Clive P. Page, Valentin Fuster, and Jos Vermylen. 1101 pp., illustrated. Cambridge, United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2002. $350. 0-521-80261-X
Authors: James N. George
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Lack of timely data is hampering payment by results
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The policy of payment by results has helped to make hospitals more businesslike but has so far failed to improve the efficiency of the NHS, says a report from the public spending watchdog in England.

Payment by results, which was introduced four years ago, was designed to improve efficiency by paying hospitals a nationally set price for each treatment and procedure. It has led to shorter hospital stays, with more patients treated as day cases, the Audit Commission …
Identification of K-ras Mutations in Pancreatic Juice
Authors: Andres A. Gutierrez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 June 1996Identification of K-ras Mutations in Pancreatic JuiceAndres A. Gutierrez, MD, Francisco Martinez, MD, and Jaime Mas-Oliva, MD, PhDAndres A. Gutierrez, MDUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico School of Medicine; Mexico 04510Search for more papers by this author, Francisco Martinez, MDUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico School of Medicine; Mexico 04510Search for more papers by this author, and Jaime Mas-Oliva, MD, PhDUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico School of Medicine; Mexico 04510Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We are concerned that the brief communication by Berthelemy and colleagues [1] may have overstated the clinical implications of a K-ras mutation found in the pancreatic juice of patients with chronic abdominal pain leading to pancreatic cancer.No doubt exists that the authors brought out a powerful approach for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by combining endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with a sensitive diagnostic tool such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated restriction fragment-length polymorphism. It is well known, however, that tumorigenesis is a multistep process in which several genetic alterations must accumulate before the malignant phenotype is ...References1. Berthelemy P, Bouisson M, Escourrou J, Vaysse N, Rumeau JL, Pradayrol L. Identification of K-ras mutations in pancreatic juice in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:188-91. Google Scholar2. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. The multistep nature of cancer. Trends Genet. 1993; 9:138-41. Google Scholar3. Cho KR, Vogelstein B. Genetic alterations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Cancer. 1992; 70(6 Suppl):1727-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Andres A. Gutierrez, MD; Francisco Martinez, MD; Jaime Mas-Oliva, MD, PhDAffiliations: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico School of Medicine; Mexico 04510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMolecular Relationships Between Chronic Pancreatitis and Cancerp53 and DPC4 alterations in the bile of patients with pancreatic carcinoma 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11Page: 1014KeywordsColorectal cancerGeneticsMutationOncogenesPancreatic cancerPathogenesisPhenotypesPolymerase chain reactionPopulation geneticsTumor suppressor genes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cord serum immunoglobulin E related to the environmental contamination of human placentas with organochlorine compounds.
Authors: E Reichrtová, P Ciznár, V Prachar, L Palkovicová, M Veningerová
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Allergic diseases are on the rise in both prevalence and severity, especially in industrialized countries. The process of allergic sensitization needs an understanding of the role environmental factors play in its development. In addition to traditionally considered air pollutants, various persistent organochlorine pollutants, which accumulate in the human body over a lifetime via food intake, are toxic in humans. Placental contamination by chemicals may act as a biologic marker for the exposure of the mother or for the fetus via transplacental transfer. Placentas were collected from term deliveries in two Slovak regions. The samples were then analyzed for 21 selected organochlorine compounds. Specimens of cord blood from 2,050 neonates were gathered for the determination of levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE). The regions were chosen according to their environmental characteristics: a city polluted with organic chemical industry versus a rural region devoid of industrial sources of pollution. In addition, data regarding the incidence rate of atopic eczema cases in the regions were considered. Comparisons between regions revealed that both the placental contamination with 16 of 21 organochlorine compounds and the cord serum IgE levels were significantly higher in the industrial region. The findings pointed to an association between organochlorine compounds and the higher levels of total IgE in newborns, signaling a higher allergic sensitization in the industrial region. This association was supported by the higher incidence rate of atopic eczema cases in the population registered in the industrial region.