tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activated eosinophils in adult coeliac disease: evidence for a local release of major basic protein.
Authors: J F Colombel, G Torpier, A Janin, O Klein, A Cortot, M Capron
Journal: Gut (1992)

The eosinophil population is increased in the jejunal mucosa of patients with coeliac disease. Eosinophils may participate in the mucosal damage by releasing their granule components that have cytotoxic properties such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and major basic protein (MBP). This study aimed to assess the presence of ECP and MBP in the jejunal mucosa of 10 adult patients with active coeliac disease who presented with villous flattening. Endoscopic jejunal biopsy specimens were obtained from macroscopically flattened jejunal mucosa and were processed for ultrastructural study and immunogold labelling using anti-MBP, anti-ECP, and anti-IgA antibodies. Numerous eosinophils were found in the upper part of the lamina propria and showed two types of morphological change: some were lytic and others exhibited ultrastructural signs of activation, containing altered granules with fading of the central core. IgA plasma cells were intermingled with eosinophils and had dense deposits on the external side of their cytoplasmic membrane. MBP was detected in central cores of granules but also diffusely in their matrix and in tight association with dense extracellular deposits. Conversely, ECP was detected only in the matrix of eosinophil granules. This study showed that numerous eosinophils are in an activated state in the mucosa of patients with active coeliac disease and release cytotoxic proteins such as MBP, which could contribute to the mucosal damage. The observation that eosinophils and IgA plasmocytes were closely associated in the mucosa supports a role for IgA in eosinophil recruitment and activation in coeliac disease.
Sodium, Potassium, and Peripheral Resistance in the Rat Tail
Authors: SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN, MIYASHI NAKASHIMA, CONSTANCE L. FRIEDMAN, Elizabeth Vizsolyi
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The early effects of systematic changes of environmental Na + on vascular resistance and on cationic equilibration were studied using a closed circuit perfusion of the rat tail. The recirculating medium was monitored for Na + and K + with glass electrodes operating through a computer. The composition of a given medium perfusing the vascular bed is very rapidly altered as it comes into equilibrium with cells and interstitial tissue. Because exchanges begin quickly, only limited conclusions can be drawn from manipulation of a perfusing medium without close monitoring of the equilibration process. Reduction of sodium in the medium, using sucrose as osmotic replacement, is followed by a rapid efflux of Na + , some of which apparently comes from cells. This is associated with a fall of vascular resistance. Neither efflux nor fall in resistance occurs if choline or K + is used as replacement for Na + . Elevation of potassium in the medium is followed by a gradual fall during equilibration of the ion and, if K + is raised sufficiently, an increase in vascular resistance occurs. These findings support the view that the transcellular distribution of Na + and K + is causally involved in the maintenance of vascular tone.
Aberrant crypt foci and microadenoma as markers for colon cancer.
Authors: M C Archer, W R Bruce, C C Chan, D E Corpet, A Medline, L Roncucci, D Stamp, X M Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Foci of aberrant crypts similar to those seen in experimental animals exposed to colon carcinogens have been identified and quantified on the mucosal surface of fixed resections of human colon after methylene blue staining. Many of the foci in humans showed dysplasia on histologic examination and were considered to be microadenoma (MA). These lesions may be precursors for adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer. Rats and mice initiated with azoxymethane, then fed diets containing sucrose or casein heated at 180 degrees C to stimulate normal cooking conditions, had three to five times more large MA after 100 days than controls. Thus, cooked sugar and protein contain promoters of the growth of colonic MA. 5-Hydroxymethylfuraldehyde was identified as a promoter in cooked sugar.
Possible Diversifying Selection in the Imprinted Gene, MEDEA, in Arabidopsis
Authors: T. Miyake, N. Takebayashi, D. E. Wolf
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Coevolutionary conflict among imprinted genes that influence traits such as offspring growth may arise when maternal and paternal genomes have different evolutionary optima. This conflict is expected in outcrossing taxa with multiple paternity, but not self-fertilizing taxa. MEDEA (MEA) is an imprinted plant gene that influences seed growth. Disagreement exists regarding the type of selection acting on this gene. We present new data and analyses of sequence diversity of MEA in self-fertilizing and outcrossing Arabidopsis and its relatives, to help clarify the form of selection acting on this gene. Codon-based branch analysis among taxa (PAML) suggests that selection on the coding region is changing over time, and nonsynonymous substitution is elevated in at least one outcrossing branch. Codon-based analysis of diversity within outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea (OmegaMap) suggests that diversifying selection is acting on a portion of the gene, to cause elevated nonsynonymous polymorphism. Providing further support for balancing selection in A. lyrata, Hudson, Kreitman and Aguadé analysis indicates that diversity/divergence at silent sites in the MEA promoter and genic region is elevated relative to reference genes, and there are deviations from the neutral frequency spectrum. This combination of positive selection as well as balancing and diversifying selection in outcrossing lineages is consistent with other genes influence by evolutionary conflict, such as disease resistance genes. Consistent with predictions that conflict would be eliminated in self-fertilizing taxa, we found no evidence of positive, balancing, or diversifying selection in A. thaliana promoter or genic region.
Childhood sclerodermatomyositis: report of a case with the anti-PM/Scl antibody and mechanic's hands
Authors: V. GARCIA-PATOS, R. BARTRALOT, V. FONOLLOSA, C. ARNAL, M. BORONAT, C. GELPI, J.L. RODR, A. CASTELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a boy with overlap manifestations of systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis (sclerodermatomyositis) whose disease showed a changing clinical pattern, and who had mechanic's hands, which are a cutaneous marker of myositis. Serological studies revealed antinuclear antibodies with a homogeneous nucleolar pattern. The anti-PM-Scl antibody was demonstrated by immunoblotting. HLA typing was positive for HLA-DR3/4. After a follow-up period of 11 years, no progression to severe systemic involvement was detected, and aggressive treatment was not administered. The recognition of subsets of patients with homogeneous clinical features and serological markers should permit the recognition of separate conditions among overlap syndromes. This would have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Abstract 283: Vascular ageing as a modulator of tumor angiogenesis, antiangiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Brian Meehan, Dorota Kadlubowska, Alexander Dombrovsky, Janusz W. Rak
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ageing profoundly influences vascular homeostasis and impacts angiogenesis, including in cancer. This is rarely considered in preclinical studies, as mouse tumor models usually rely on animals between 1-6 months of age (5-25% of life expectancy), while the majority of adult cancer patients are diagnosed in later decades of life. Thus a better characterization of a pediatric, adult and geriatric state of the vascular system is badly needed to properly design age-appropriate antiangiogenic anticancer therapies. Using aged (over 12 months old), aged and atherosclerotic (ApoE-/-) and aged and diet induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mice we have demonstrated that model tumors (Lewis Lung Carcinoma) exhibit profoundly different angiogenic and metastatic patterns in those settings then in conventional syngeneic recipients. We documented age-related molecular differences in tumor blood vessels and have shown that the antitumor effects of several therapeutic agents (L-NAME, Sutent, AG28262, metronomic cyclophosphamide) are affected by vascular age and comorbidities. Age also changes the pattern of metastasis as aged mice tend to exhibit less aggressive metastatic growth. On the other hand metastasis following treatment with antiangiogenic agents (Sutent without chemotherapy) is more accentuated in young mice then in their aged counterparts. Finally, we report age-related changes in vascular characteristics of human kidney tumours, including a significantly higher expression of eNOS in tumours of younger patients. Overall, these observations suggest that age may play a significant role in modulation of angiogenesis, antiangiogenesis and metastasis in various tumor settings and agents more effective in adult patients may not have the same impact in the pediatric population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 283. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-283
The Effects of Enalapril and Nifedipine on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in NIDDM
Authors: Juliana CN Chan, Vincent T F Yeung, Denis H Y Leung, Brian Tomlinson, M G Nicholls, Clive S Cockram
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of nifedipine and enalapril oncarbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in Chinese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 12-week, double blind, ran domized study of plasma lipid levels and glycemie control in patients treated with nifedipine (n = 52) or enalapril (n = 50) was conducted. None of the patients were treated with insulin. Diet and dosages of oral hypoglycemie agents remained unchanged during the 12-week treatment period. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure was reduced more by nifedipine than by enalapril (23.1 vs. 11.1 mmHg, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Similar reductions in body mass index and plasma triglycerides and increases in apolipoprotein A-I were seen with both treatments, but HbA1 was reduced more during treatment with enalapril than with nifedipine (0.49 vs. 0.20%, P = 0.035) and serum apolipoprotein B (apoB) also declined more with enalapril than with nifedipine (8.2 vs. 2.3 mg/dl, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of treatment with enalapril in hypertensive NIDDM patients was associated with greater improvement in glycemie control and greater reduction in serum apoB concentration, although the reduction in blood pressure was less than with nifedipine. These changes in cardiovascular risk profile warrant investigation for a longer term.
STUDIES IN THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: H. B. WILMER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

There is no disease more mysterious and elusive than bronchial asthma, as to both cause and cure, and no disease in the practice of medicine requires more painstaking study if a partial or complete relief is hoped for. The successful treatment of bronchial asthma depends largely on the diagnosis of its cause, or at least the elimination of organic disease with dyspnea or dyspneic attacks. The course which I pursue and find most satisfactory is as follows:   A thorough and exhaustive history should be taken because much can be learned from the history as to the patient's habits, his environment, his occupation, his food, and whether his attacks are seasonal or perennial in type. He should be thoroughly questioned as to the previous medical history, as many cases of asthma have been preceded by acute attacks of bronchitis, influenza, pregnancy or chronic thyroidism.  A complete physical examination should be made
A CONVENIENT PILLAR RETRACTOR
Authors: Charles Everett Haines
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The pillar retractor in common use for tonsillectomy is unsatisfactory. Its straight handle many times brings the hand of the assistant who is wielding it directly into the line of the surgeon's vision, and, in any case, fills valuable space over the limited field of operation. Thus, the tonsillar fossa is not always satisfactorily exposed; bleeding points may remain undiscovered and unligated, and residual tabs of tonsillar tissue may be overlooked. With these things in mind, I had the handle of a Hurd retractor bent to an angle of 90 degrees. This was done in a few minutes by an electric welder. The new instrument thus formed is much more satisfactory than the straight-handled one; with it, the assistant's hand keeps well to one side, out of the surgeon's line of vision and out of the way of his hands. I have assisted and have been assisted with this new
Screening for Prevention Of Isoniazid-Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Reuben Tizes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The newly published data concerning isoniazid toxicity<sup>1</sup>and the guidelines received from the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee<sup>2</sup>prompted the Nassau County Department of Health to introduce a procedure to screen for the prevention of isoniazid-associated liver disease. Each candidate for isoniazid preventive treatment is interviewed and a detailed questionnaire, following the guidelines suggested by the ad hoc Committee, is completed. The initial screening is conducted by a public health nurse if there is an attending physician of record, or by a public health physician if there is no attending physician. The questionnaire contains five questions. If they are answered in the negative, isoniazid is issued. If the replies are affirmative, however, further clarification is obtained from the public health physician. After the initial screening procedure, the patient who is to receive isoniazid prophylaxis is interviewed monthly by a public health nurse, using the same questionnaire, before
Mechanism and treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia in gout.
Authors: T Gibson, K Kilbourn, I Horner, H A Simmonds
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Using the Intralipid lipid tolerance test we could not demonstrate any direct effect of serum triglyceride on uric acid or any influence of hyperuricaemia on triglyceride removal. This result supports previous studies suggesting that hyperuricaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia are linked through the association of obesity and alcohol excess rather than a direct cause and effect mechanism. It was possible to demonstrate significant reductions of serum triglyceride in patients with gout by reducing either their alcohol intake or body weight. Reduction of serum uric acid by probenecid had no effect on serum triglyceride or cholesterol. Similarly, allopurinol had no significant effect on serum triglyceride, but a significant fall of serum cholesterol was observed.
Analysis of copia sequence variation within and between Drosophila species.
Authors: A. K. Csink, J. F. McDonald
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

The sequences of the 5' long-terminal repeat (LTR) and adjacent leader regions of 27 full-length copia elements isolated from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. mauritiana are presented. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that although D. melanogaster copia elements are distinct from those of D. simulans and D. mauritiana, the elements of these latter two species are not distinguishable from one another. LTRs and adjacent 5' leader regions of elements isolated from D. simulans and D. mauritiana are structurally similar to one another and carry substantial deletional variation mapping to regions previously identified as being of potential importance for copia expression.
TLR8: the forgotten relative revindicated
Authors: Jorge L Cervantes, Bennett Weinerman, Chaitali Basole, Juan C Salazar
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2012)

The endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR3, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 are important in sensing foreign nucleic acids encountered by phagocytes. Because TLR8 was initially thought to be non-functional in mice, less is known about TLR8 than the genetically and functionally related TLR7. Originally associated with the recognition of single-stranded RNA of viral origin, there is now evidence that human TLR8 is also able to sense bacterial RNA released within phagosomal vacuoles, inducing the production of both nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), such as IFN-β. The functions of TLR8 extend beyond the recognition of foreign pathogens and include cross-talk with other endosomal TLRs, a process that may also have a role in the generation of autoimmunity.
Abstract 356: Role of the LMO1 oncogene in neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
Authors: Shizhen Zhu, Andrew Wood, Shuning He, Rebecca Stanton, Feng Guo, John Maris, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Neuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system (PSNS), accounts for 10% of all childhood cancer deaths. We recently developed a robust zebrafish model of neuroblastoma and demonstrated that activated ALK synergizes with MYCN by inhibiting a developmentally-timed apoptotic response that is otherwise induced by MYCN (Zhu et.al. Cancer Cell, 2012). We have now used this model to provide evidence in support of the results of a neuroblastoma genome-wide association study (GWAS) showing that common variation within the LIM domain-only 1 (LMO1) gene locus is highly associated with the development of advanced neuroblastoma and may function as an oncogene in established disease (Wang K et.al. Nature, 2011). We are collaborating because our zebrafish system provides a robust in vivo tumor model to investigate the underlying mechanisms through which LMO1 overexpression contributes to malignant transformation. Here we developed transgenic lines in which LMO1 is overexpressed in the PSNS under control of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (dβh) promoter. We observed that overexpression of LMO1 in three individual transgenic lines synergized with MYCN to accelerate the onset of neuroblastoma in the interrenal gland (IRG), the zebrafish analogue of the adrenal medulla. Tumors began to appear at 13 weeks in transgenic fish overexpressing MYCN alone and this latency was shortened dramatically to 5 weeks (p=0.02) and the penetrance was increased more than three-fold in the transgenic fish coexpressing both MYCN and LMO1. In addition, we found that coexpression of LMO1 with activated ALK induced neuroblastoma, which is the first time in our model system that neuroblastoma has been induced without MYCN overexpression. Thus, the zebrafish model system appears to be robust for “functional genomics analysis” to provide in vivo evidence and investigate mechanisms and pathways underlying new associations emerging from GWAS, tumor genome resequencing and other genome-wide technologies that are currently under intense investigation in human cancers. Citation Format: Shizhen Zhu, Andrew Wood, Shuning He, Rebecca Stanton, Feng Guo, John Maris, A. Thomas Look. Role of the LMO1 oncogene in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 356. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-356
Dermatomyositis-like syndrome due to toxoplasma
Authors: GIAN CARLO TOPI, LUCIANA D'ALESSANDRO, CATERINA CATRICALA, ORESTE ZARDI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

A woman had the typical clinical, cutaneous, and muscular picture of dermatomyositis but without some of the biochemical alterations of that disease. The positive serological investigations for toxoplasmosis, the pressure in muscles of very numerous toxoplasms and their culture in mice, and the improvement after treatment with pyrimethamine and sulphametoxypyridine demonstrated that the signs of dermatomyositis had been caused by infection with toxoplasmosis.
James Ronald Harries
Authors: A. D Harries
Journal: BMJ (2008)

James Ronald Harries, or “Jimmy” as he was known to his many friends throughout the world, was one of the leading tropical physicians of his day. He is credited with bringing the technique of “glossopharyngeal frog breathing” to assist patients with bulbar-respiratory paralysis during the polio epidemic in Kenya in the 1950s. In 1956 he was awarded a WHO fellowship to the United States to study respiratory poliomyelitis. While there he learnt and taught himself how to frog breathe, introducing the technique first into the United Kingdom and then into Kenya, where he was living and working as a specialist physician. His most famous patient was Ian Bompas, who contracted bulbar polio and respiratory paralysis at the age of 20. He taught Ian how to frog breathe, allowing this determined young man to spend hours out of the iron lung and develop his immense talents for painting by mouth. Jimmy had the honour of presenting one of Ian’s paintings to the Aga Khan during one of the Aga Khan’s visits to Kenya in the 1960s.

Jimmy was born into a coal mining fraternity in the town of Porth, South Wales, on 26 June 1919. After school education in the Welsh valleys, Jimmy and his brother Alan were sent …
THE NATURE, PATHOGENESIS AND STAINING PROPERTIES OF AMYLOID
Authors: MARTIN M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article THE NATURE, PATHOGENESIS AND STAINING PROPERTIES OF AMYLOID Get access MARTIN M. BLACK MARTIN M. BLACK Department of Histopathology, Institute of Dermatology, London W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 87, Issue 3, 1 September 1972, Pages 280–283, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb00319.x Published: 01 September 1972
Central-Nervous-System Effects of Ingestion of L-Tryptophan by Normal Subjects
Authors: Bushnell Smith, Darwin J. Prockop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

INTEREST in the action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors has focused attention on the effects that metabolites of naturally occurring amino acids may have on the function of the central nervous system. Lauer et al.1 found that combined therapy with tryptophan and iproniazid had more therapeutic effect on psychotic patients than iproniazid alone. Oates and Sjoerdsma2 showed that administration of tryptophan to subjects receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors produced hyperreflexia, clonus and euphoria. Pollin, Cardon and Kety3 observed hyporeflexia and extensive mood changes in schizophrenic patients who received tryptophan, or methionine in addition to a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.In conjunction with preliminary . . .
Sherley v Sebelius and the Future of Stem Cell Research
Authors: I. Glenn Cohen, Jeremy Feigenbaum, Eli Y. Adashi
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal