tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ouabain and low extracellular potassium inhibit PTH secretion from bovine parathyroid cells by a mechanism that does not involve increases in the cytosolic calcium concentration
Authors: Edward M. Brown, Edward J. Watson, Joseph G. Thatcher, Richard Koletsky, Bess F. Dawson-Hughes, James T. Posillico, Dolores M. Shoback
Journal: Metabolism (1987)
Cancer-Reducing Lifestyle Factors Probed
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

den from parents while allowing the CMS to document the child’s citizenship status would be to allow newborns whose births were covered by emergency Medicaid to receive presumptive coverage until the CMS receives a bill from the hospital documenting the birth, Michaels suggested. He emphasized that these children, who are US citizens, had no say in where they were born nor in US policies regarding immigration or enforcement, and that they should not be held responsible for the decisions made by their parents or officials. “It’s the innocent baby who ends up potentially suffering harm in a case where a parent is deterred by the atmosphere of fear,” he said. Others added that many physicians, hospitals, clinics, and other health care sources are likely to provide care for these patients regardless of their Medicaid status and also should not be left holding the bag for unreimbursed care. “I don’t think physicians want to be in a situation where they are enforcing the [immigration] law,” Kellerman said. “It’s not fair to put either the physicians or children in the middle of US immigration policy.”
Normal Th1 development following long-term therapeutic blockade of CD154-CD40 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Laurence M. Howard, Serge Ostrovidov, Cassandra E. Smith, Mauro C. Dal Canto, Stephen D. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS with similarities to multiple sclerosis. We and others have shown that a short-term course of anti-CD154 mAb treatment to block CD154-CD40 interactions can be used to prevent or even treat ongoing PLP139-151-induced relapsing EAE. However, little is known of the long-term effects of CD154 blockade on the development of antigen-specific T cell function. Here, we show that short-term treatment with anti-CD154 at the time of PLP139-151/CFA immunization inhibits clinical disease for up to 100 days after immunization. At this point, comparable numbers of Th1 cells are observed in anti-CD154 and control Ig-treated mice, as assessed by antigen-specific ELISPOT assays. Thus, the long-term Th1/Th2 balance is largely unaffected. Inflammatory responses are diminished in anti-CD154-treated mice, as indicated by reduced in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity and reduced levels of splenic IFN-gamma secretion in vitro. However, upon adoptive transfer of T cells isolated from the spleens of anti-CD154-treated mice, these cells contributed as effectively to clinical disease as those obtained from control-treated mice. Thus, anti-CD154 therapy leads to long-term therapeutic efficacy without exerting a long-term influence on Th1 development.
ARE INEBRIATES CURABLE?
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Any satisfactory or reliable answer to this question must come from a scientific study of the nature of drunkenness. Fortunately, recent advances of science have furnished many facts and data from which to determine this question, apart from personal opinions and theories. A very curious chapter of psychological literature could be written on the popular theories of the day concerning drunkenness and its curability. Thus persons who believe inebriety to be a vice and sin, are confident that conversion will cure every one. Many so-called gospel temperance advocates claim to have cured thousands of inebriates, and assert with great emphasis that the grace of God through a change of heart will make sober men of all such persons in all conditions of life. Another class believe drunkenness to result from a weak will power, with absence of plan and purpose in life; the great remedy of which is the pledge.
New Technique for Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Gastric Ulcer
Authors: N. Soehendra, B. Werner
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

In two patients with bleeding gastric ulcer hemorrhage could be stopped by submucous infiltration around the lesion without any complication. This simple method using a selfconstructed needle seems to guarantee good results especially in bleeding little arteries. Infiltration was performed with a 1.5% solution of Aethoxysklerol® (Kreussler, Wiesbaden-Biebrich) using 3–5 ml totally for treatment.
Congenital Discoid Internal Cartilage
Authors: F. C. Dwyer, C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1945)

ERYTHEMA NODOSUM AND TUBERCULOSIS MEDBRIALJOURNAL 287 definite family history; but the child frequently visited a house where somebody had a bad cough and swollen glands in the neck.Case 8.-Boy, 6 years; referred because a lodger in the house had been found suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis with a positive sputum.The left tonsillar gland was enlarged, and a tuberculin patch test was found positive for human and bovine tests.A chest film showed a primary complex on the left side.He had had an attack of erythema nodosum in Jan:, 1944, diagnosed as rheumatism.Case 9.-Boy, 7 years; referred with erythema nodosum, corneal ulcers, and phlyctenular conjunctivitis.Tuberculin patch test posi- tive for both human and bovine tests.A chest film showed an enlarged right hilar gland, suggesting a primary complex.Rhonchi were heard in the right lung, and there has been loss of weight.He visits a house where one of the family died of tuberculosis.
Unanswered Questions about the Periodic Health Examination
Authors: WALTER O. SPITZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The periodic health examination in its application as a screening procedure in asymptomatic, ostensibly healthy persons is explored with a focus on the following issues: (a) the impact on health, (b) the content of a beneficial health examination, and (c) the effect of the examination on the physician-patient relation. The application discussed is distinct from use of the examination as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic planning for patients with a specific illness. The discussion also shows a relatively recent change in the goal for the clinical assessment. There has been a shift in emphasis from establishing a diagnosis as the main outcome event of the periodic "checkup" to the identification of an intervention of value to the patient. Evidence from various studies that throw some light on related questions is considered. Special ethical issues surrounding the unsolicited medical assessment are identified. Finally, some ground rules for decisions about the periodic health examination are proposed.
Triggering of TLR7 and TLR8 expressed by human lung cancer cells induces cell survival and chemoresistance
Authors: Julien Cherfils-Vicini, Sophia Platonova, Mélanie Gillard, Ludivine Laurans, Pierre Validire, Rafaele Caliandro, Pierre Magdeleinat, Fathia Mami-Chouaib, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Wolf-Herman Fridman, Diane Damotte, Catherine Sautès-Fridman, Isabelle Cremer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Compelling evidence suggests that inflammation, cell survival, and cancer are linked, with a central role played by NF-kappaB. Recent studies implicate some TLRs in tumor development based on their ability to facilitate tumor growth; however, to our knowledge, involvement of neither TLR7 nor TLR78 has yet been demonstrated. Here we have demonstrated expression of TLR7 and TLR8, the natural receptors for single-stranded RNA, by tumor cells in human lung cancer in situ and in human lung tumor cell lines. Stimulation with TLR7 or TLR8 agonists led to activated NF-kappaB, upregulated expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, increased tumor cell survival, and chemoresistance. Transcriptional analysis performed on human primary lung tumor cells and TLR7- or TLR8-stimulated human lung tumor cell lines revealed a gene expression signature suggestive of chronic stimulation of tumor cells by TLR ligands in situ. Together, these data emphasize that TLR signaling can directly favor tumor development and further suggest that researchers developing anticancer immunotherapy using TLR7 or TLR8 agonists as adjuvants should take into account the expression of these TLRs in lung tumor cells.
THE DEPOSITION AND SUBSEQUENT COURSE OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL (MANGANESE DIOXIDE AND MANGANESE META-SILICATE) ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO CATS AND TO RABBITS
Authors: Cecil K. Drinker, Louis A. Shaw, Katherine R. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. Suspensions of manganese dioxide given intravenously to the cat are virtually eliminated from the body in 1 week (168 hours). 2. As this process of removal goes on, there is a transfer of manganese from lungs to liver. 3. Similar suspensions of manganese dioxide given intravenously to rabbits are excreted more rapidly, owing to the fact that in these animals the lungs are not involved and the whole process of removal from the blood is carried on by the liver. 4. A method for the quantitation of rhodonite (manganese metasilicate) is given. 5. Three different suspensions of rhodonite, varying in the size of the largest particles from 1.3 to 0.2µ, when injected intravenously into cats show a greater and greater tendency toward arrest in the liver as the size of the individual particles becomes smaller. 6. When rhodonite suspensions containing particles averaging 1.1µ in diameter are injected intravenously into cats, the primary sites of deposition are similar to those observed for manganese dioxide suspensions similarly injected. The disappearance of rhodonite is exceedingly slow and is apparently completed in about 50 days following injection. 7. Rhodonite should prove a suitable substance with which to attempt the production of lung fibrosis in cats through the medium of intravenous injection. Manganese dioxide, while a useful agent for studying the immediate sites of localization of particulate material carried by the blood, lacks permanency after deposition and is consequently unsuitable for studies upon chronic changes induced by foreign substances.
CCN5/WISP-2 Expression in Breast Adenocarcinoma Is Associated with Less Frequent Progression of the Disease and Suppresses the Invasive Phenotypes of Tumor Cells
Authors: Snigdha Banerjee, Gopal Dhar, Inamul Haque, Suman Kambhampati, Smita Mehta, Krishanu Sengupta, Ossama Tawfik, Teresa A. Phillips, Sushanta K. Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Although previous in vitro studies predicted that CCN5/WISP-2 may act as an anti-invasive gene in breast cancer, the distribution pattern of CCN5 in breast cancer samples is conflicting. Thus, we systematically investigated the CCN5 expression profile in noninvasive and invasive breast tumor samples and its functional relevance in breast cancer progression. The studies showed that CCN5 expression is biphasic, such that in normal samples CCN5 expression is undetectable, whereas its expression is markedly increased in noninvasive breast lesions, including atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ. Further, CCN5 mRNA and protein levels are significantly reduced as the cancer progresses from a noninvasive to invasive type. Additionally, we showed that CCN5 mRNA and protein level was almost undetectable in poorly differentiated cancers compared with the moderately or well-differentiated samples and its expression inversely correlated with lymph node positivity. The result was further supported by evaluating the RNA expression profile in microdissected sections using real-time PCR analysis. Therefore, our data suggest a protective function of CCN5 in noninvasive breast tumor cells. This hypothesis was further supported by our in vitro studies illuminating that CCN5 is a negative regulator of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, and these events could be regulated by CCN5 through the modulation of the expression of genes essential for an invasive front. These include Snail-E-cadherin signaling and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2. Collectively, these studies suggest that the protective effect of CCN5 in breast cancer progression may have important therapeutic implications.
Effect of Posture on Renal Vein Renin Activity in Hypertension
Authors: Andrew M. Michelakis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The effect of posture on renal venous plasma renin activity was studied in a group of hypertensive patients. In patients with essential hypertension and in patients with renal artery stenosis bilaterally, upright posture did not augment the renin ratio in the two renal veins, but the rise in renin levels was greater in the patients with renal artery stenosis bilaterally. With one exception, all patients in upright posture who had unilateral arterial lesions exhibited a marked augmentation of the disparity in plasma renin activity values in the two renal veins. It is suggested that determination of plasma renin activity in renal venous blood procured from both kidneys while the patient is in the recumbent and then in the upright position may become of potential value in ascertaining the functional significance of renal arterial lesions especially in cases of renal artery branch stenosis.
Is Staging Laparotomy Routinely Indicated in Hodgkin's Disease?
Authors: RALPH E. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Staging laparotomy facilitates the radiotherapeutic management of patients with Hodgkin's disease when and only when the treatment approach is modified by the surgical findings. For disease clinically limited to lymph nodes above the diaphragm, as is commonly the initial presentation, surgical exploration of the abdomen rarely contributes to treatment decision-making and is not routinely justified. This conclusion is based on the observations that [1] the surgical findings have not yet been shown adequately reliable to determine the need for prophylactic abdominal irradiation; [2] unsuspected disease in sites outside the standard prophylactic treatment fields (for example, liver or lymph nodes in the porta hepatis or mesentery) is extremely uncommon; and [3] with proper field localization, irradiation of nonenlarged spleens is an effective and safe alternative to splenectomy. For patients presenting with clinical evidence of disease in the upper abdomen, exploratory laparotomy is routinely indicated. A positive lymphogram or splenomegaly, or both, implies a substantial risk of unrecognized disease in either the liver or atypically located lymph nodes. Identification of the latter alters the therapeutic approach with sufficient frequency in these selected cases to justify routine laparotomy, unless medically contraindicated.
THE PULMONARY RETENTION OF AEROSOLS: A QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF MEASUREMENT USING SODIUM PARA-AMINO HIPPURATE
Authors: William Franklin, Clarence Denton, Francis C. Lowell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The increasing importance of aerosols in industry, in the treatment of pulmonary conditions and more recently in the diagnosis and experimental study of bronchial asthma has intensified the need for a method permitting measurement of the amount of aerosol retained in the human lung. This problem has been approached in various ways. Landahl and Hermann (1) measured the difference in concentration of aerosol in the inspired and expired air. They showed that the relative amount of aerosol removed is markedly influenced by the size and physical properties of the particles and also by the rate and depth of respiration. Using aerosols containing radioactive sodium, Talbot, Quimby, and Barach (2) estimated the quantity of aerosol retained by using a Geiger counter over the axilla and the foot. Wilson and LaMer (3) extended this method to include the use of aerosol droplets of uniform size. They determined the total amount of radioactive sodium retained by the subject by measuring the difference in the amount delivered to the subject and the amount in the expired air. The quantity absorbed was estimated from the concentration of radioactive sodium in the blood. The use of blood concentrations as an index of the amount absorbed from the lungs requires assumptions regarding the distribution of the substance in the body. By assuming that the concentration of radioactive sodium in the interstitial fluid was 25 per cent of that found in the blood 15 minutes after exposure, Wilson and LaMer estimated that between 31 and 63 per cent of an inhaled aerosol composed of particles 0.7 microns in diameter was retained in the alveoli. In these experiments, 71 to 80 per cent of the administered aerosol was removed by the subject, the difference presumably being trapped in the upper respiratory tract. More direct methods for measuring the amount of material retained in the lung have not been described. In the experiments to be described, we determined the pulmonary retention of inhaled aerosols by measuring the difference between the amount in the inspired and expired air and also by measuring the amount absorbed. By using two methods simultaneously, it was hoped that possible errors in measurement would be more easily detected and the validity of both methods could be determined.
Travel websites should highlight malaria risks
Authors: J. Widdrington, J. Williams, D. R. Chadwick, B. McCarron
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We are concerned about three recent cases of imported malaria in travellers returning from the Gambia. All three were UK nationals who had booked holidays to the Gambia using the same travel website (two had made late bookings). They had failed to take adequate medical advice before travelling …
Carcinoembryonic Antigen in the Urine of Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: R. R. Hall, D. J. R. Laurence, D. Darcy, U. Stevens, R. James, S. Roberts, A. M. Neville
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Increased amounts of carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) or C.E.A.-like material are found in the urine of many patients with transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder, including those presumed to be at an early stage of development. It is suggested that measurement of urinary C.E.A. is of clinical diagnostic value in the detection and follow-up of urothelial carcinomas.
The Immunologic Response of the Colon
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

As in other diseases of obscure etiology, allergy and autoimmunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this paper is to evaluate briefly the present status of this concept. <h3>Exogenous Allergy</h3> Allergic reactions to foods such as milk, eggs, cheese, and wheat, to pollens and other inhalants have been inferred in the activity of ulcerative colitis, chiefly on the basis of increased symptoms upon exposure to the suspected allergen, and their subsidence after its removal. Since gastrointestinal manifestations of nervous or other origin also fluctuate, under circumstances not allergic in nature, empirical evidence of this type is not entirely convincing. Withdrawal of cow's milk from the diet diminishes and its reintroduction increases the abdominal discomfort and diarrhea in occasional patients. However, similar trends can be attributed to mechanical or chemical irritation of the intestinal tract; and many colitis patients tolerate milk without difficulty. Milk
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Soluble P-Selectin and D-Dimer in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Y.M. El-Gamal, N.M. Heshmat, E.M. Hossny, H.M. Afifi, A.M. El-Shibiny, Z.E. Hasan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Risk of hypoglycemia with antihypertensive medication
Authors: S. Suissa
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —We read with interest the study by Dr Shorr and colleagues, which suggests that antihypertensive drug therapy has little impact on the risk of hypoglycemia in older diabetic patients. Three reasons may have led to these results. First, the authors express concern about the possibility of confounding by contraindication in relation to β-blocker use, which may have resulted in an underestimate of the risk. The concern is appropriate, since β-blockers have a well-recognized hypoglycemia-masking effect, and caution is usually recommended regarding their use in diabetic patients. A history of hypoglycemic episodes may reduce the likelihood that a patient will be prescribed β-blockers and is a risk factor for future episodes of hypoglycemia. In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the number of prior episodes of hypoglycemia was the strongest predictor of the risk of future hypoglycemic episodes in insulin-treated diabetic patients. 2 It would have been interesting to measure
Abstract 5339: Deterministic in silico modeling predicts sensitivity of glioblastoma to targeted therapy
Authors: Sandeep C. Pingle, Sandra Pastorino, Rajesh Muktharavam, Pengfei Jiang, Ying Chao, Taher Abbasi, Shireen Vali, Santosh Kesari
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive disease associated with poor survival. The key to developing better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is accounting for the complexity of GBM biology. This challenge of integrating vast genomic and proteomic data can be addressed by a comprehensive systems modeling approach. To this end, we employ an in silico modeling approach, wherein we utilize genomic and proteomic data to simulate tumor cells and predict drug responses. Using our in silico model, we replicated findings from a recent hypothesis-independent, empirical study that analyzed the sensitivity of hundreds of profiled cancer cell lines to 130 different anticancer agents. Among the drug-mutation associations reported in this study, our in silico model validated ∼85% of the associations. We also used the tumor model to predict sensitivity of patient-derived GBM lines to different targeted therapeutic agents. These analyses showed ∼75% agreement of in silico drug sensitivity with in vitro experimental findings. We aim to use this model to stratify patients for clinical trials. By accurately predicting responses of patient cancer cells to targeted agents a priori, the in silico tumor model provides an innovative approach to personalizing therapy for GBM and promises to improve clinical management of cancers. Citation Format: Sandeep C. Pingle, Sandra Pastorino, Rajesh Muktharavam, Pengfei Jiang, Ying Chao, Taher Abbasi, Shireen Vali, Santosh Kesari. Deterministic in silico modeling predicts sensitivity of glioblastoma to targeted therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5339
James Shearer Frew
Authors: J. S. G. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Born in Dollar, where his father was head mathematics teacher at Dollar Academy, James Shearer Frew had an outstanding undergraduate career, being awarded the Brunton medal in 1941 for the best graduate of his year. He joined the Royal Air Force in 1942, and met Margaret (“Peggy”) Trechman, who was a WRAF officer, and was interviewed in 1943 …