tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A6.36 Characterisation of anti-JO1 autoantibodies in myositis
Authors: C Fernandes-Cerqueira, I Lundberg, PJ Jakobsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo1) autoantibodies are the most common type of myositis specific autoantibodies, being present in 15%–30% of the patients. When myositis patients develop simultaneous interstitial lung disease the percentage of patients positive for anti-Jo1 autoantibodies can reach approximately 70%. These individuals are generally characterised by a condition called anti-synthetase syndrome known to present a particular clinical phenotype affecting the muscles, lungs, joints and skin. Little is known about the functional role of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to purify anti-Jo1 IgG from blood of myositis patients, determine the proportion in circulation and further characterise any molecular effects of these autoantibodies. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Sera (n = 42) samples from anti-Jo1 positive myositis patients were collected and used to affinity purify anti-Jo1 IgG. Recombinant human Jo1 (rJo1) was over-expressed in <i>E.coli</i> competent cells, purified from the cytosolic fraction using hydroxyapatite followed by strong anion exchange chromatography and coupled to an NHS activated pre-packed sepharose column. Anti-Jo1 IgGs were isolated from total IgGs extracted from pooled myositis sera using a ProteinG column and further purified using the Jo1 column. The abundance of anti-Jo1 IgG in serum from myositis patients was estimated by measuring the absorbance at 280 and 595 nm. Recovery/purity and reactivity against rJo1 was analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blot, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Anti-Jo1 IgGs were successfully purified from myositis serum using an in-house developed Jo1 affinity column. Among the total percentage of IgG 1.5% were Jo1 reactive (anti-Jo1 IgG). The total concentration of anti-Jo1 IgG in myositis serum was estimated to be 180 μg/ml. Anti-Jo1 IgG recognised both the monomer and the dimer structure of the enzyme. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anti-Jo1 IgGs were efficiently purified from myositis serum and the proportion and concentration was estimated. Affinity purified anti-Jo1 autoantibodies are currently being used as molecular tools in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments for the characterisation of functional effects and antigen/autoantibody dynamics in myositis.
Oral Contraceptives and Cervical Cancer
Authors: David D. Celentano
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Irwin et al<sup>1</sup>recently reported that women who used oral contraceptives had no increased risk of invasive cervical cancer compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives in a case-control study in Costa Rica. We recently concluded a case-control investigation of invasive cervical cancer in Maryland,<sup>2</sup>which demonstrates that oral contraceptive use is<i>protective</i>against invasive disease (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.95). We conclude that rather than there being a biologically plausible association between oral contraceptives and invasive cervical cancer, the protective effect reflects increased screening among those seeking contraceptives, as others have suggested.<sup>3,4</sup>Further, our data demonstrate that lifetime use of any type of contraceptive leads to protection from invasive disease (relative risk, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.72), with diaphragm use (relative risk, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.67) and vaginal spermicides (relative risk, 0.28;
Illness in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Afia Ali, Angela Hassiotis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Is common, underdiagnosed, and poorly managed

This week a report published report by the Joint Committee on Human Rights highlights the widespread denial of fundamental human rights to people with intellectual disabilities by mainstream public services.1 One reason why people with intellectual disabilities receive suboptimal care is diagnostic overshadowing, whereby a presenting symptom of mental illness or physical illness is incorrectly attributed to the person’s intellectual disability.2 Although people with intellectual disability have a higher prevalence of mental illness than people with a normal IQ,3 medical professionals are less likely to diagnose psychiatric problems in this group.2 People with intellectual disability are also more likely to have chronic disorders such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and genetic syndromes.4 5 However, their health needs are often unmet.5

Two recent reports by the Disability Rights Commission and MENCAP have highlighted the importance of diagnostic overshadowing in people with intellectual disability in England and Wales.6 7 They highlight the widespread inequalities encountered by people with …
Neuroendocrine effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats.
Authors: Maureen E Austin, Badrinarayanan S Kasturi, Matthew Barber, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Puliyur S MohanKumar, Sheba M J MohanKumar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a degradation product of sulfonyl-based fluorochemicals that are used extensively in industrial and household applications. Humans and wildlife are exposed to this class of compounds from several sources. Toxicity tests in rodents have raised concerns about potential developmental, reproductive, and systemic effects of PFOS. However, the effect of PFOS on the neuroendocrine system has not been investigated thus far. In this study, adult female rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 1, or 10 mg PFOS/kg body weight (BW) for 2 weeks. Food and water intake, BW, and estrous cycles were monitored daily. At the end of treatment, PFOS levels in tissues were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with electrospray mass spectrometry. Changes in brain monoamines were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and serum corticosterone and leptin were monitored using radioimmunoassay. Treatment with PFOS produced a dose-dependent accumulation of this chemical in various body tissues, including the brain. PFOS exposure decreased food intake and BW in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with PFOS affected estrous cyclicity and increased serum corticosterone levels while decreasing serum leptin concentrations. PFOS treatment also increased norepinephrine concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results indicate that exposure to PFOS can affect the neuroendocrine system in rats.
<i>Sleeping Beauty</i>–Mediated Somatic Mutagenesis Implicates <i>CSF1</i> in the Formation of High-Grade Astrocytomas
Authors: Aaron M. Bender, Lara S. Collier, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Christina Tieu, Jon D. Larson, Chandralekha Halder, Eric Mahlum, Thomas M. Kollmeyer, Keiko Akagi, Gobinda Sarkar, David A. Largaespada, Robert B. Jenkins
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system has been used as an insertional mutagenesis tool to identify novel cancer genes. To identify glioma-associated genes, we evaluated tumor formation in the brain tissue from 117 transgenic mice that had undergone constitutive SB-mediated transposition. Upon analysis, 21 samples (18%) contained neoplastic tissue with features of high-grade astrocytomas. These tumors expressed glial markers and were histologically similar to human glioma. Genomic DNA from SB-induced astrocytoma tissue was extracted and transposon insertion sites were identified. Insertions in the growth factor gene Csf1 were found in 13 of the 21 tumors (62%), clustered in introns 5 and 8. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we documented increased Csf1 RNAs in tumor versus adjacent normal tissue, with the identification of transposon-terminated Csf1 mRNAs in astrocytomas with SB insertions in intron 8. Analysis of human glioblastomas revealed increased levels of Csf1 RNA and protein. Together, these results indicate that SB-insertional mutagenesis can identify high-grade astrocytoma-associated genes and they imply an important role for CSF1 in the development of these tumors.
Should Atrial Fibrillation Patients With 1 Additional Risk Factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score (Beyond Sex) Receive Oral Anticoagulation?
Authors: Tze-Fan Chao, Chia-Jen Liu, Kang-Ling Wang, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Shih-Lin Chang, Li-Wei Lo, Yu-Feng Hu, Ta-Chuan Tuan, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A Cutaneous Manifestation of Systemic Candidiasis
Authors: Luis Balandran, Henry Rothschild, Newell Pugh, John Seabury
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Two patients with leukemia developed a disseminated, maculonodular rash as a manifestation of systemic candidiasis. Histological sections of these lesions from both patients showed subepidermal pseudohyphae, and Candida was cultured from one of these lesions. Recognition of such lesions may be helpful in making an early and appropriate diagnosis.
A Certain Gift, and a Question of Ethics
Authors: Shilpa Bhardwaj
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor15 May 2012A Certain Gift, and a Question of EthicsShilpa Bhardwaj, MD, MPHShilpa Bhardwaj, MD, MPHFrom Griffin Hospital and Yale University, Derby, CT 06418.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I studied undergraduate medicine at a university in Orissa, one of the eastern states of India. In this primarily rural, paddy-crop state, half of the population lives below the poverty line, with a yearly per capita income equal to about $100. This is one of the most impoverished states in India. Therefore, as an intern, I rotated in an extremely poorly funded state hospital. Unlike other state facilities in the country, the only thing that we could provide free to our patients was medical consultation. We had neither adequate supplies of medication in our pharmacy nor enough equipment in our ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Griffin Hospital and Yale University, Derby, CT 06418.Disclaimer: This is a fictionalized portrayal of a true event. The time and sequence of events mentioned in the article may not be exact.Corresponding Author: Shilpa Bhardwaj, MD, MPH, Department of Medical Education, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division Street, Derby, CT 06418; e-mail, bhardwaj.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 2012Volume 156, Issue 10Page: 750-751KeywordsBlood pressureHeart rateNursesNursing homesSaline solutionsTemperatureThoraxUndergraduates ePublished: 15 May 2012 Issue Published: 15 May 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sarcoidosis of the Pleura
Authors: E. LESLIE CHUSID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Among 950 patients with sarcoidosis at the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, 7 had pleural involvement. These seven patients, and 26 patients previously reported as having pleural sarcoidosis, and 22 other cases from 11 large studies of general aspects in sarcoidosis are reviewed. Pleural sarcoidosis was almost always associated with chronic sarcoidosis—extrathoracic involvement or extensive pulmonary parenchymal lesions. Pleural effusions were generally exudative and contained mostly lymphocytes (60% to 100%). Pleural lesions were granulomas, bulging into the pleural cavity, on both parietal or visceral surfaces. Pleural involvement in sarcoidosis appears to be part of the systemic disease and not an isolated process.
Editorial Comment on: Bladder Preservation in Selected Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer by Complete Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Plus Systemic Chemotherapy: Long-Term Follow-up of a Phase 2 Nonrandomized Comparative Trial with Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Eduardo Solsona, Miguel A. Climent, Inmaculada Iborra, Argimiro Collado, José Rubio, José V. Ricós, Juan Casanova, Ana Calatrava, Jose L. Monrós
Journal: European Urology (2008)
B cell stimulating factor 2/interleukin 6 is a costimulant for human thymocytes and T lymphocytes.
Authors: M Lotz, F Jirik, P Kabouridis, C Tsoukas, T Hirano, T Kishimoto, D A Carson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Growth and differentiation of thymocytes and mature T lymphocytes is regulated by cellular interactions that are in part mediated by soluble factors. We identify IL-6, formerly called B cell stimulating factor (BSF-2). IFN-beta 2, or hybridoma-plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF) as a novel T cell costimulant rIL-6 induced a six-to seven-fold increase in proliferation of human thymocytes stimulated with suboptimal doses of PHA. A similar effect with added IL-6 could be observed using peripheral blood T lymphocytes, but only if the cultures were first rigorously depleted of monocytes that release high levels of IL-6. Analysis of the mechanism of the IL-6 effect on thymocytes and T lymphocytes showed that IL-6 did not lead to an increase in IL-2-R expression. Concentrations of antibody to IL-2-R inhibiting IL-2 effects did not block the IL-6-induced proliferation, indicating that the IL-6 effect was relatively IL-2 independent. These results identify IL-6 as a novel costimulant of human thymocytes and mature T lymphocytes, and suggest that IL-6 is also an important regulatory of cellular immunity.
Effects of cyclosporin, FK506, and rapamycin on graft-vessel disease
Authors: B.M. Meiser, R.E. Morris, M.E. Billingham
Journal: The Lancet (1991)

Graft-vessel disease (GVD) limits the long-term survival of heart-transplant patients, and this effect has not been altered by use of cyclosporin for immunosuppression. We compared the effects of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin, FK506, and rapamycin on GVD in a rat-heart transplantation model. Allografted hearts from rats treated with 1 mg/kg FK506 for 50 days showed the same degree of myocardial rejection but a significantly worse (p<0·05) grade of GVD compared with grafted hearts from rats treated with 1·5 mg/kg cyclosporin for the same time. 2 mg/kg FK506 for 50 days prevented cellular rejection but GVD was as severe as that found with 1 mg/kg FK506. Moderate GVD was present in two of five allografted hearts after treatment with 4 mg/kg FK506. 1·5 mg/kg rapamycin for 50 days was an effective inhibitor of rejection and GVD. Based on our results in rats, the possibility that GVD may occur in human heart-transplant recipients treated with FK506 cannot be excluded.
Chimeric antigen receptors against CD33/CD123 antigens efficiently target primary acute myeloid leukemia cells in vivo
Authors: I Pizzitola, Fernando Anjosafonso, Kevin Rouaultpierre, Francois Lassailly, Sarah Tettamanti, O Spinelli, Andrea Biondi, Ettore Biagi, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Report calls for better collection of evidence
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A new drive for clinical effectiveness in the NHS is to be launched following a report that casts doubt on the impact of past initiatives.

Although the culture of clinical effectiveness has begun to permeate the NHS, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group after a two year study concludes that there is little sign of NHS trusts actively managing the dissemination of information. Implementation of clinical effectiveness projects …
Distractions During Resident Handoffs
Authors: Cristan E. Anderson, Grace A. Nicksa, Lygia Stewart
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Handoffs have significantly increased in number following Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work-hour restrictions. Studies have shown correlations between the number of handoffs and errors/patient harm. Distractions are common during handoffs and may interfere with handoff quality and effectiveness.To examine the frequency of distractions and their impact on handoff quality.In this prospective observational study, a total of 214 surgical resident handoffs (residents = 184; Bay area residents [moonlighters] = 30) were observed over 18 months (July 11, 2012-December 19, 2014) by 2 independent observers in 3 teaching hospitals (university, county, and veterans).Handoff quality (both giver and receiver) was assessed using a standardized scoring system. The number and types of distractions were recorded.Pages were the most common distraction (37.5%), followed by telephone calls (32.8%), residents/medical students (9.3%), talking (5.2%), and noise (4.1%). Distractions from attending physicians, electronics, nursing, consults, and room changes were less common (collectively 11%, each <3%). Distractions were present in 102 resident handoffs (48%) (16% with 1 distraction; 15% with 2; 6% with 3, and 11% with ≥4). Distractions occurred in 54% of junior resident handoffs (mean, 1.4/handoff), 30% of moonlighter handoffs (mean, 0.5/handoff), and 38% of senior resident handoffs (mean, 0.89/handoff) (P = .01, junior vs moonlighter/senior). Distractions were more common during evening than morning handoffs (52% vs 36%; P = .045) and during team vs individual handoffs (58% vs 44%; P < .10). Handoffs without distractions were shorter in length (13.2 minutes without distractions vs 21.5 minutes with distractions; P < .001) and minutes per patient (1.78 without vs 2.15 with distractions; P = .04). Handoff quality was not diminished by distractions, as measured by handoff giver score (15.41 without vs 15.47 with distractions; P = .90) and receiver score (7.42 without vs 7.25 with distractions; P = .45).To our knowledge, this is the largest study of distractions during surgical resident handoffs. Distractions were very common during handoffs; they were more common in the evening when junior residents more commonly performed the handoff and they increased the handoff length. However, distractions did not negatively affect the quality of resident handoffs. This may demonstrate the resilience of surgical residents to distractions.
The Development of the Vascular System (Vol 14 in Issues in Biomedicine)
Authors: E. RIVA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The Development of the Vascular System (Vol 14 in Issues in Biomedicine) Get access EMMA RIVA EMMA RIVA Istituto Mario Negri, Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 4, April 1992, Pages 430–431, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.4.430a Published: 01 April 1992
Detection of genuine anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in mice reveals their presence in BALB/c but not DBA/1 and SJL mice hyperimmunised with citrullinated collagen
Authors: T Cantaert, C A Teitsma, P P Tak, D L Baeten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Background Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) occur in 60-70% of all rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with a specifi city of 95%.The role of the immune response against citrullinated proteins in the pathophysiology of RA remains unknown, because studies in experimental models yielded contrasting results.It is unclear whether mice develop antibodies crucially dependent on citrullination of the epitope.The authors aimed to develop a reliable method to detect ACPA in mice and to assess the development of ACPA in different mouse strains.Methods Bovine collagen type II was citrullinated in vitro using peptidyl arginine deiminase enzyme (PAD).BALB/c, DBA/1 and SJL mice were immunised with 100 µg native or citrullinated collagen in complete Freud's adjuvant at day 0 and 40.Sera were analysed with ELISA and Western blotting, using different citrullinated substrates and their native counterparts as control.Results Sera were analysed by ELISA using a cyclic citrullinated peptide as coating, as used in the commercial anti-CCP ELISA (detecting ACPA in human sera).Positivity was observed in 7 out of 12 BALB/c mice immunised with citrullinated collagen versus 5 out of 12 BALB/c mice immunised with collagen.Using the arginine peptide as control yielded the same reactivity, indicating that the signal is not dependent on citrullination of the epitope.Therefore, the authors evaluated the use of vitro citrullinated proteins as ELISA coating.Control experiments using PAD coated plates indicated that mice immunised with in vitro citrullinated proteins developed anti-PAD reactivity.To distinguish between the reactivity against PAD and citrullinated epitopes, the authors used citrullinated versus native human fi brinogen as substrate on western blots.The authors could differentiate anti-PAD reactivity (70 kDa) and ACPA reactivity (58 kDa).The authors observed ACPA reactivity in BALB/c mice immunised four times with citrullinated collagen within 56 days.These mice did not develop arthritis and there was no difference in anticollagen antibodies in animals immunised with citrullinated versus native collagen.Both DBA/1 and SJL mice developed arthritis but no genuine ACPA.Both strains displayed no difference in incidence, severity of the arthritis, or anti-collagen antibodies in animals immunised with citrullinated versus native collagen.Conclusions The use of ELISA for ACPA detection leads to false positive fi ndings in mice.Using an optimised western blotting approach, the authors demonstrated the presence of genuine ACPA in BALB/c but not DBA/1 or SJL mice immunised multiple times with citrullinated bovine collagen type II.These ACPA were not associated with higher anti-collagen antibody levels or arthritis.
Ice hockey can lead to brain injury, experts warn
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Too many young Canadians risk the lasting effects of traumatic brain injury by “body checking”—physically blocking an opposing player—in Canada's national sport, ice hockey, writes Toronto neurosurgeon Michael Cusimano in the CMAJ (2003;169: 124-35 [PubMed]). Bodychecking accounts for 86% of all injuries among players aged 9 to 15 years, and this percentage is increasing. Some effects of the practice are not fully realised until the brain completes its maturation.​maturation.




Figure 1





Credit: JACQUES BOISSINOT/AP
Objections to the Statements of Dr. Fleming concerning the Action of Atropia upon the Eye
Authors: H. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1863)

JournaLlast twenty-four hours; and there was considerable distension of the abdomen.A large blister was applied to the abdomen.The calomel and opium pills were ordered to be taken again every two hours; and a turpen- tine enema, containing two ounces of tincture of assafcetida, to be administered in the evening.He was also directed to have a pinit of beef-tea daily; and the nutrient enemnata were omitted.June 1 th.The bowels had been freely moved, with the exptulsion of much flatus.The gums were slightly touched by the calomel.The pills were omitted.Vespere.The bowels being copiously moved all througrh the day, he was ordered an anodyne injection at night, and to have two pints of beef-tea.June 22nd.He was improving in every respect.Infusi quassime viij ; tincturme strychniBe 3 ss.Fiat mistura cujus capiat sj ter die.He was ordered common diet.He was
Health secretary pledges to continue NHS changes
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The traditional model of the NHS has to change if it is to continue to provide the best care for patients at the same time as maintaining its fundamental value of providing free care to all, the UK health secretary argued in a speech this week designed to quell alarm about threats of hospital closures.

The secretary of state for health in England, Patricia Hewitt, said that the traditional model of district general hospitals, which provide a range of care under one roof, was outdated. She argued that the next stage of development of the NHS was to put more power in the hands of patients and …