tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may hold promise in studying metabolites, tissues
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ALMOST 15 years ago, in a basement at Chicago's University of Illinois Medical Center, Michael Barany, MD, PhD, measured phosphorus metabolites in an intact frog muscle using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Prior to that, chemists used spectroscopy solely to analyze the contents of test tubes. Only a British group preceded Barany in proving that it would work in tissue as well. Today, he does spectroscopy clinically, one day a week, at the Greenberg Radiology Institute in Highland Park, Ill, north of Chicago. Barany says that he can distinguish malignant from benign tumors in the living brain. The tool he uses is a standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine. While MRI capabilities have forged ahead, human MRS has been awaiting improvements in magnet and computer technology. Barany is one of a number of researchers who, since the early 1980s, have been developing MRS technology and techniques so that it can be
HEREDITARY OSTEOPETROSIS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The results of x-ray, hematologic, and chemical studies on cases of hereditary osteopetrosis of the rabbit are described and the resemblance of the findings to those of the severe juvenile form of human osteopetrosis is pointed out. The outstanding feature of the x-ray examinations was the homogeneous dense appearance of the entire skeleton. This condition was present at birth. In older cases there was evidence of some differentiation of bone structure. The hematologic studies showed that the disease was characterized by the development of a macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a moderate myeloid leucocytosis. Other abnormal findings included high reticulocyte and normoblast counts, anisocytosis and poikllocytosis, and degenerative changes of the neutrophiles and lymphocytes. The chemical studies showed very low serum calcium values; serum phosphorus values were low during the first 4 weeks of life but were somewhat higher than normal levels in older cases. The serum phosphatase values were elevated. The blood sugar content was generally low. The blood cholesterol values were generally high. The liver glycogen values were small especially in older cases and those for muscle glycogen were somewhat smaller than normal values.
Etiology of Tetanus.
Authors: H. C. Markham
Journal: JAMA (1889)

years, part of the time in the northwest portion of the State known as the Panhandle, and the last five and one-half years in Lampasas.I have treated four cases of bites from poisonous reptiles.My practice and acquaintance extend over a re¬ gion of from fifteen to twenty miles in either di¬ rection from town.Two of my cases were in the
Reversing Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Growth Hormone: Is This Possible
Authors: Daniel de Luis Roman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 May 1997Reversing Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Growth Hormone: Is This PossibleDaniel de Luis Roman and E. Romero BobilloDaniel de Luis RomanAlcala de Henares University, Madrid 28034, SpainValladolid University, Valladolid, Spain and E. Romero BobilloAlcala de Henares University, Madrid 28034, SpainValladolid University, Valladolid, SpainAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive dilatation of the left and sometimes the right ventricle with compensatory wall thickening [1]. No definitive therapy is available for this disease. The observation that growth hormone (GH) is a physiologic regulator of myocardial growth and performance [2] provided a rationale for the use of GH to treat idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.The first patient was a man with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in whom cardiac transplantation was contraindicated because of disseminated prostate cancer.The second patient was a 68-year-old man admitted to the hospital with heart failure. Echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy. ...References1. Dee GW, Fuster V. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:1564-75. Google Scholar2. Sacca L, Fazio S. Cardiac performance: growth hormone enters race. Nature Med. 1996; 2:29-31. Google Scholar3. Mayoux E, Ventura-Clapier R, Timsit J, Behar-Cohen F, Hoffman C, Mercadier JJ. Mechanical properties of rat cardiac skinned fibers are altered by chronic growth hormone hypersecretion. Circ Res. 1993; 72:57-64. Google Scholar4. Fazio S, Sabatini D, Capaldo B, Vigorito C, Giordano A, Guida R, et al. A preliminary study of growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1996; 28:809-14. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Alcala de Henares University, Madrid 28034, SpainValladolid University, Valladolid, Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySevere growth hormone deficiency and empty sella in obesity: a cross-sectional studyGrowth hormone therapy in heart failure: a novel therapy worthy of further consideration? 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 834KeywordsCardiac transplantationDilated cardiomyopathyGrowth hormoneHeart failureHematologic testsHemodynamicsMyocarditisPatientsProstate cancerRight ventricle Issue Published: 15 May 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Silent brain infarcts are rare in Kuwaiti children with sickle cell disease and high Hb F
Authors: A.D. Adekile, F. Yacoub, R. Gupta, T. Sinan, M.Z. Haider, Y. Habeeb, M. Al‐Bloushi, A. Moosa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Overt stroke is rare among sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in Kuwait. However, there are no previous studies of silent cerebral infarcts, which have been described in up to 20% of American children with Hb SS. We have carried out a prospective brain MRI study among otherwise normal SCD patients, who were consecutive patients seen in a 1‐year period to document the prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts in children with sickle cell disease in Kuwait. Any patient with a previous seizure or other neurological abnormality was excluded. MRI was done with a 1.5 Tesla unit with super‐conducting magnet. T1‐ and T2‐weighted sagittal and axial sections and proton density axial images were obtained in 5‐mm thick sections. The study group consisted of 30 (23 SS and 7 Sβ 0 Thal) patients—19 males and 11 females—whose ages ranged from 6 to 17 (mean of 9.8 ± 3.5) years. Hb F ranged from 11% to 35% with a mean of 22.8% ± 5.7%. Only one patient, a 10‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old boy with Hb SS, showed hyperintense signals in the parietal white matter, consistent with small infarcts, thus giving a prevalence of 3.3%. Silent brain infarcts are uncommon in our patients, and the protective factors remain to be fully elucidated. Am. J. Hematol. 70:228–231, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of depot tranquillisers in psychiatric disorders.
Authors: M Trimble
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Developmental screening of preschool children SIR,-I was intrigued by the article by Dr D J G Bain on "Methods used by general practitioners in developmental screening of preschool children" (6 August, p 363) in its revelation of such free-for-all methodology."Examination forms," "visual charts," "alter- native screening forms"-you think of it, the examining doctors choose it.Why are they
DISEASES OF THE EYE CAUSED BY DISEASES OF THE NOSE.
Authors: ALLEN T. HAIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There are no organs of the human body more closely connected than the eye and the nose. No organ suffers more from reflexes than the eye from the nose. The slightest offense to the mucous membrane of the nasal chambers will instantly cause suffering to the eye. Let one come in contact with smoke or other irritants to the Schneiderian membrane and the eye will soon respond to its danger and shed tears. The reason for this is clear, as the eye is directly connected with the nose by the nasal duct, the same mucous membrane, histologically connected, continues to cover the eye lids, the globe and the orbits. The lachrymal artery with its branch, the anterior ethmoid, supplies blood nourishment to both the lachrymal sac and the nasal duct. The nerve supply is received in common from branches of the ophthalmic nerve and Gasserian ganglion. The lachrymal sac, the
Abstract 4049: Early prediction of response to targeted drugs treatment in malignant lymphoma and sarcoma using in vivo proliferation marker 18F-FLT
Authors: Zhoulei Li, Nicolas Graf, Ken Herrmann, Sabine Pirsig, Markus Schwaiger, Klemens Scheidhauer, Andreas Buck, Ulrich Keller, Tobias Dechow
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Last year we have shown that 18F-FLT is superior surrogate marker than 18F-FDG for very early response assessment to therapy in malignant Lymphoma. In this study, we use FLT-PET to predict the response of ewing sarcoma to different cancer therapy and investigate its relation to cancer cell death, especially apoptosis. Methods: FLT and/ or FDG PET were performed prior and early in each therapeutic course on SCID mice bearing with various tumor cells. Ewing sarcoma A673 was applied for investigation of the response to sorafenib treatment or Radiotherapy. GFP labelled Lymphoma cells (Myc449, Myc665) with or without transportation of Bcl2 gene was employed for the observation of cell death especially apoptosis after the treatment with aura kinase inhibitor or chemotherapy. Tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) of FLT-PET were compared to that of FDG-PET. PET findings were correlated with optical Imaging, histopathology and in vitro data comprising cellular tracer uptake, cell cycle related protein expression, cell cycle distribution and viability assessment. Results: In vitro study shows that sarcoma A673 cells were sensitive to all therapy. For in vivo studies, tumor volume of sorafenib treated animals showed modest increase of 0.1cm3 (range 0.02cm3 to 0.2cm3, SD=0.09) within the first week as opposed to a 15-fold increase in control mice. Median TBR of FLT-PET decreased significantly to 30.1% compared to baseline as early as 5d after therapy (range 11.3-53.5%, n=12, p=0.0004). On the other side, TBR in FDG-PET also showed the similar tendency (median TBR 74.6%, range 28.1%-131.8%, n=12, p=0.02). But the reduction of TBR in FLT was significantly stronger than that in FDG (p&amp;lt;0.001). In vitro study of lymphoma cells with Bcl2 transduction showed a strong anti- cell death ability, which will be served for the link between FLT PET and cell death. Conclusion: Compared with FDG-PET, FLT-PET is able to predict the response in the early therapeutic course and has a high specificity for the detection of ewing sarcoma. Continuing studies are intensively carried out to investigate FLT and FDG PET in relation to therapy-induced cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4049. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4049
Is nudge an effective public health strategy to tackle obesity? No
Authors: G. Rayner, T. Lang
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Adam Oliver</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.d2168) maintains that nudges may help people to make healthier choices, but <b>Geof Rayner</b> and <b>Tim Lang</b> worry that government proposals are little more than publicly endorsed marketing
On drinking from a poisoned chalice
Authors: R. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For a period in the late 1990s there were repeated headlines about research on children in North Staffordshire NHS Trust using continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP). They alleged that excessive deaths had occurred. As regional director of public health I had already commented to the media that premature babies of that age had a significant mortality and that the children in the trial had fared no worse that expected. Public health passed the story to the research and development directorate.

The story did not go away and local MPs took it up. A meeting with the relevant minister and one of the MPs took place. The director of research and development should have gone, but he was in America. The minister wanted someone from the regional office to be present. I went.

By the time of the meeting formal complaints had already been made both to the General Medical Council and to the trust. To my surprise the minister asked a new, though not unreasonable, question: could there be a problem with the governance system, at that trust or in general? I was the regional director of public health, and I came out of …
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Septicemia
Authors: J. M. Naftalin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Because we have been unable to find a case report of isolation of<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>from blood, we report the following. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient, a man aged 71 years, fell ill, complaining of sore throat followed by pain and swelling of his large joints. After the tenth day of illness, mitral valve incompetence appeared, followed by brief episodes of atrial flutter and of bundle-branch block. On the 17th day, a small right-sided diaphragmatic effusion was diagnosed. Clinically, the case resembled acute rheumatic fever with concomitant pericarditis and pleuropneumonia. The patient died on the 26th day. The pertinent postmortem findings were as follows: massive serofibrinous pericarditis; enlarged heart (500 gm, including fibrinous exudate); no gross valvular lesion; minimal atheroma of coronary arteries; soft myocardium but no infarction; massive bilateral (about 1 liter each side) serofibrinous pleuritis; small areas of consolidation in lungs; slight right subdiaphragmatic
PMO-124 Oxidative stress induces alternative splicing and nuclear translocation of kruppel like factor 6
Authors: G Patman, K Y Hui, Q M Anstee, H L Reeves
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Progression of simple steatosis to NASH is attributed to inflammation and oxyradical overload (“oxidative stress”). Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor, KLF6, which up-regulates p21 and glucokinase, is increased in whole liver as disease progresses. KLF6 is regulated by alternative splicing and we propose that the balance of KLF6 alternative splice forms in different cellular compartments within the liver may influence the rate of NAFLD progression. We have therefore studied the impact of oxidative stress on KLF6 splice isoform expression. <h3>Methods</h3> HepG2 cells were treated with either tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide or angiotensin II, in the presence/absence of the anti-oxidant N-acteyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Reactive oxygen species were quantified by DCFDA and lucigenin chemiluminescence. KLF6 isoform expression and subcellular localisation was determined using variant specific real-time PCR/western blotting and immunofluorescence (IF). <h3>Results</h3> While mRNA expression of both KLF6 full length (KLF6-FL) and its SV1/SV2 variants was markedly increased (10–50-fold) after exposure to oxidative stress, this occurred at 8 h and was unaffected by NAC. Expression of the little characterised KLF6-SV3 variant, however, was dramatically increased by over 30-fold at just 15 min. Furthermore, this increase was significantly attenuated by 50% in the presence of NAC. Western blotting confirmed protein accumulation of both KLF6-FL and KLF6-SV3 at 30 min, falling after 4 h, with a sixfold increase in the KLF6 target gene, p21, at 4–8 h. KLF6 IF studies confirmed that both KLF6-FL and KLF6-SV3 in HepG2 cells translocate to the nucleus after exposure to oxidative stress. In human NAFLD, a modest 1.5–2-fold increase in KLF6-FL mRNA contrasted sharply with a dramatic ninefold increase in KLF6-SV3 mRNA (p&lt;0.01) in tissues with inflammation (n=16) compared to those without (n=7). <h3>Conclusion</h3> While KLF6-FL clearly accumulates in the nucleus of HepG2 cells in response to oxidative stress, it is the little characterised KLF6-SV3 isoform which is redox sensitive at the level of transcription and which is dramatically increased in association with inflammation in NAFLD. This variant retains the NLS and the first zinc finger of the DNA binding domain. Further characterisation of its functions and targets will help us to understand its role in NAFLD progression. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
AIDS and ethics in Birmingham.
Authors: M. Wood, C. J. Ellis, J. A. Innes, S. Drake, M. Shahmanesh, K. Radcliffe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

repeatability of only one scale point on a range 0-100, which seems unlikely for a score derived from responses to questions concerning subjective symptoms.They say they have used the method of Bland and Altman,2 but the results given-the mean difference and the distribution of the differ- ences-are not good measures of reliability.Moreover, Bland and Altman proposed that the limits of agreement should be used to assess repeatability.For example, twice the standard deviation of the differences gives a range within which 95% of the differences will lie.A mean difference of zero implies that there is no consistent trend affecting test and retest results (all the patients getting better, for example).It does not imply that the measure is reliable.The table gives some hypothetical data to show how you can get a mean difference of 0 and still have widely different test and retest scores, because differences in different directions cancel each other out what- ever their absolute size.Obtaining a mean difference ofzero
New inquest into infant's death is ordered after coroner's verdict is quashed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new inquest has been ordered into the death in hospital of a 14 month old boy after a High Court judge reviewed evidence that raised “very serious questions indeed” about the quality of his care.

Mr Justice Kenneth Parker quashed a deputy coroner’s verdict that Thomas Duffy had died of natural causes at Alexandra Hospital in Redditch, Worcestershire, less than six hours after he was admitted with respiratory problems.

A six day inquest had been scheduled, and many witnesses were due to give evidence. But the deputy coroner decided after hearing only the pathologist and the court appointed expert witness, the retired consultant paediatric cardiologist Elliot Shinebourne, that Thomas …
Pemphigus vulgaris treated with photopheresis
Authors: Grace Liang, George Nahass, Francisco A. Kerdel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1992)

A 31-year-old man had a 4-year history of severe pemphigus vulgaris confirmed by histologic examination and direct and indirect immunofluorescence. His disease had been resistant to maximal doses and varying combinations of prednisone, oral gold, cyclosporine,methotrexate, azathioprine, pulse steroids, and pulse cyclophosphamide with methylprednisolone. Many adverse effects complicated his medical therapy, including renal insufficiency, hypertension, and a cushingoid appearance. At the time of initiation of photopheresis the patient had pemphigus lesions on 70% of his body surface (Fig. I). His treatment regimen included intramuscular methotrexate 20 mg weekly, azathioprine 100 mg daily, and oral prednisone 240 mg daily. He had been taking these medications for I month after failing to respond to monthly (eight) pulses of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Photopheresis was started with treatments on two consecutive days every 2 weeks. By the seventh cycle new blister formation had ceased and treatment frequency was reduced to every 3 weeks. His medications were slowly tapered with a greater than 80% reduction in his daily prednisone, discontinuation of methotrexate, and maintenance of azathioprine and gold at pretreatment doses. The patient tolerated photopheresis without complications and eventually all skin lesions healed with the exception of a few crusted erosionson his face (Fig. 2). Although the patient had one episode of a disseminated cutaneous herpetic infection that required intravenous acyclovir, he had had
Cost of Antibiotic Resistance and the Geometry of Adaptation
Authors: Ana Sousa, Sara Magalhães, Isabel Gordo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

The distribution of effects of beneficial mutations is key to our understanding of biological adaptation. Yet, empirical estimates of this distribution are scarce, and its functional form is largely unknown. Theoretical models of adaptation predict that the functional form of this distribution should depend on the distance to the optimum. Here, we estimate the rate and distribution of adaptive mutations that compensate for the effect of a single deleterious mutation, which causes antibiotic resistance. Using a system with multiple molecular markers, we estimate the distribution of fitness effects of mutations at two distances from the adaptive peak in 60 populations of Escherichia coli. We find that beneficial mutations, which can contribute to compensatory evolution, occur at very high rates, of the order of 10(-5) per genome per generation and can be detected within a few tens of generations. They cause an average fitness increase of 2.5% and 3.6%, depending on the cost of resistance, which is expected under Fisher's geometrical model of adaptation. Moreover, we provide the first description of the distribution of beneficial mutations, segregating during the process of compensatory evolution, to antibiotic resistances bearing different costs. Hence, these results have important implications to understanding the spread and maintenance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Screening for gastric carcinoma in coal miners.
Authors: J D Harrison, D L Morris, J D Hardcastle
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyspeptic symptoms and premalignant gastric lesions in coal miners and sex matched population control subjects. Retired coal miners and men from the general population in north Nottinghamshire were sent a dyspepsia questionnaire to fill in, and those with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were invited for gastroscopy and biopsy. A total of 1272 men from the general population and 2099 retired coal miners aged 50-75 years took part in the study. Some 977 of 1272 (76.8%) control subjects and 1715 of 2099 (81.7%) miners replied to the questionnaire. A total of 308 of 977 (31.5%) controls and 620 of 1715 (36.2%) miners were positive for at least one symptom. There was a highly significant difference between the numbers of surface mine and underground workers who reported dyspeptic symptoms (66 of 300 (22%) v 425 of 1083 (32.2%) of p < 0.0001). Histology showed that significantly more miners than controls had acute on chronic gastritis (22 v 11%; p = 0.01) and intestinal metaplasia (23 v 8%; p = < 0.0001). Coal miners may be a suitable group for gastric premalignancy screening using an upper gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening of Competitive Athletes
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Paul D. Thompson, James C. Puffer, Christopher A. McGrew, William B. Strong, Pamela S. Douglas, Luther T. Clark, Matthew J. Mitten, Michael H. Crawford, Dianne L. Atkins, David J. Driscoll, Andrew E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1996)