tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3298: Identifying a function for DHHC20 in breast cancer
Authors: Kristin B. Runkle, Samantha Terkowski, Ewa Stypulkowski, Eric Witze
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all cancers and is associated with a high propensity of metastasis, an increased risk of recurrence and a disproportionate number of deaths. Currently, therapeutic options are lacking in their ability to effectively treat TNBC; therefore, identification of novel, targetable signaling pathways is of great importance. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that expression of the palmitoyl transferase DHHC20 is altered in breast cancer. DHHC20 is one of 23 protein palmitoyl transferases identified in mammalian cells, which catalyze the transfer of palmitate to cysteine residues of target proteins. Protein palmitoylation is critical in the trafficking, localization and function of various proteins and alterations in the expression and function of several DHHC palmitoyl transferases have been observed in cancer. Surprisingly, substrate specificity remains largely unknown and with the exception of a few palmitoylated proteins including Ras and the sex steroid receptors, the function of DHHC proteins in cancer has been largely unexplored. We utilized a TNBC cell culture model system to characterize the function of DHHC20 in breast cancer. Suppression of DHHC20 using short-hairpin RNA silencing resulted in several phenotypes consistent with a role for DHHC20 in tumor dormancy and progression. Specifically, knockdown of DHHC20 in MDA-MB231 cells increased the expression of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27, slowed cell division rates from every 24 hours to every 72 hours and increased the proportion of cells undergoing cellular senescence. Additionally, suppression of DHHC20 increased chemotaxis and enhanced mitogenic signaling through the Erk pathway under nutrient deprivation conditions. Finally, DHHC20 expression was dramatically reduced following 24hr of serum deprivation and loss of DHHC20 expression enhanced the survival of MDA-MB231 cells under low nutrient conditions. These findings suggest that DHHC20-mediated protein palmitoylation regulates important aspects of breast cancer progression including cell cycle control, mitogenic signaling responses and cell migration. The implication of these findings is that targeting the DHHC20 pathway may be of therapeutic interest for TNBC. Citation Format: Kristin B. Runkle, Samantha Terkowski, Ewa Stypulkowski, Eric Witze. Identifying a function for DHHC20 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3298. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3298
Frances Felicity Kerr (née Gibbs)
Authors: Henry R Rollin
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Felicity Kerr (her preferred name) was born on 3 June 1923 into an affluent family in south Wales. It was traditional, in her class and at that time, to send children to boarding school, in Felicity’s case to West Heath School in Kent. Unfortunately, this coincided with the perils of the second world war and the onslaught of the Luftwaffe, which, too frequently, chose to cross the …
Detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA in chronic liver disease
Authors: J. Saldanha, F. di Blasi, C. Blas, J. Velosa, F.M. Ramalho, V. di Marco, I. Mora, M.Carneiro de Moura, V. Carreno, A. Craxi, H.C. Thomas, J. Monjardino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Preliminary Evaluation of Sonolaparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Liver Diseases
Authors: M. Fukuda, K. Hirata, S. Mima
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

A preliminary report is made on the use of sonolaparoscopy to overcome limitations of sonography and laparoscopy in the diagnosis of liver disease. The instruments used consisted of a sonolaparoscope with a mechanical radial scanner (LPSUMI/EUM1; Olympus) and the first prototype of an electronic sonolaparoscope (Olympus). Sonolaparoscopy was shown to be particularly suitable for detection and differentiation of occult liver lesions, cysts, tumors, various benign focal hyperplasias and various granulomata.
Spot PC ratio estimates of 24-hour proteinuria are more unreliable in lupus nephritis than in other forms of chronic glomerular disease
Authors: Daniel J Birmingham, Ganesh Shidham, Annalisa Perna, Derek M Fine, Michael Bissell, Roger Rodby, Giuseppi Remuzzi, Michele Petri, Paul Hebert, Brad H Rovin, Lee A Hebert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) is often used clinically to estimate 24-hour (24-h) proteinuria. However, urine PCR shows considerable hour to hour variability.1 ,2 In lupus nephritis (LN), spot PCR reveals this variability, while longer timed collections conceal it.3–5 Spot PCR performs well in cohort studies, where its variability is mitigated by averaging the data.6 However, spot PCR variability becomes a liability for individual patient management. This work is the first to compare spot PCR variability in LN and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

For LN, we used the published works (N=3, 165 patients) that documented the completeness (creatinine content) of the 24-h urine collections3–5 (LN studies A, B, and C, respectively). For CKD, we used a standard CKD cohort (ramipril efficacy in nephropathy (REIN) Trial, 98 patients), which documented completeness of the collections.6 Almost all spot PCRs were from morning collections.

As shown in the calibration …
Urine Cortisol/Creatinine Ratio in Controlled Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia
Authors: John F Seaworth, Barbara J Seaworth, Richard M Jordan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

An elevated urine cortisol/creatinine ratio has been presented as a simple laboratory method to detect nocturnal hypoglycemia. The present study examines the time course of the rise and fall of the urine cortisol/creatinine ratio in 11 patients following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The mean urine cortisol/creatinine ratios at 1 and 3 h after the onset of symptomatic hypoglycemia were 170 +/- 103 and 62 +/- 23, respectively. These were significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than the basal ratio of 13 +/- 7. By 5 h, the ratio had fallen to 19 +/- 11, which was similar to basal values. The study documents the sensitivity of the urine cortisol/creatinine ratio in detecting hypoglycemia but indicates that after 3 h, the ratio may return to normal despite a previous hypoglycemic episode.
Simulation of Tissue Properties in Irreversible Diffuse Obstructive Pulmonary Syndromes. ENZYME DIGESTION
Authors: C. J. Martin, T. Sugihara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The length-tension properties of alveolar wall from normal cats were studied before and after exposure to enzymes naturally found in mammals (elastase, trypsin, collagenase, hyaluronidase). Hyaluronidase effected little change while all the proteolytic enzymes altered the mechanical properties of lung tissue. Collagenase removed the “mechanical stop” and the alveolar walls fractured at low forces. The properties of wall exposed to trypsin resembled those of elastase-treated tissue. Elastase increased the extension necessary to reach a given force and increased the maximum length (Lmax) and resting length (Lo). Maximum extensibility (λmax), the ratio of Lmax to Lo, fell with both elastase and trypsin digestion. A reduction in λmax simulates the changes in alveolar wall properties seen in the lungs of the aged and in those with an irreversible diffuse obstructive pulmonary syndrome (DOPSI). Unlike these states, however, the energy loss in stretching alveolar wall increased with elastolysis. Furthermore, the changes in Lo necessary to effect a change in λmax of alveolar wall comparable to that seen in DOPSI were excessive. The altered tissue properties that occur in man with obstructive pulmonary syndromes could not be produced with these proteolytic enzymes or with hyaluronidase.
Abstract P4-06-12: The Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Is a Direct JAG1- Mediated Notch Target in Breast Cancer
Authors: MJ Reedijk, M Shimizu, B Cohen, P Goldvasser, H Berman, C. Virtanen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant activation of the Notch signaling system and over-expression of the Notch ligand JAG1 are associated with poor outcome in breast cancer. The plasminogen activator system, which includes urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), has been validated as a marker of recurrence, high metastasis risk and death in breast malignancy. By using microarray profiling of breast cancer cell lines that had undergone siRNA-mediated abrogation of Notch signaling we uncovered a link between activated Notch and uPA expression. An association between elevated expression of the Notch ligand JAG1, uPA and the basal breast cancer subtype was confirmed in breast cancer cell lines. The association between JAG1 and uPA expression persisted in a survey of primary carcinomas of the breast. We found that Notch knockdown reduced transcription of uPA and phenocopied uPA knockdown in breast cancer cells. Through mutational analysis we identified a CBF-1 binding site in the uPA promoter that is required for direct transcriptional regulation by Notch. These data suggest that JAG1-induced Notch activation results in breast cancer progression through up-regulation of the plasminogen activator system and directly links these two poor prognosis pathways. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-12.
Nonmarket cooperation in the indigenous food economy of Taimyr, Arctic Russia: Evidence for control and benefit
Authors: John Ziker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Empirical data on food sharing in native Dolgan, Nganasan, and Nenets communities in Siberia provide evidence for hunter control over big game and fish, as well as likely benefits of inter-household sharing. Most food sharing occurs with kin and, thus, kin-selection-based nepotism cannot be ruled out. Reciprocal interhousehold sharing at meals occurs less often. Social context is discussed.
Preoperative and Intraoperative Risk Factors for Side-Specific Positive Surgical Margins in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fernando P. Secin, Angel Serio, Fernando J. Bianco, Nicholas T. Karanikolas, Kentaro Kuroiwa, Andrew Vickers, Karim Touijer, Bertrand Guillonneau
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Molecular Pathways: The Basis for Rational Combination Using MEK Inhibitors in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Cancers
Authors: Shunsuke Okumura, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Mutations in RAS oncogenes are frequently observed in human cancers, and the mutations result in activation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, leading to cell proliferation and survival. The pathway is, therefore, a potent therapeutic target in the RAS-mutant cancers. MEK inhibitors can specifically block the pathway and are one of the key types of drugs for the treatment of the RAS-mutant cancers. As RAS proteins activate other downstream signaling proteins in addition to the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, combination therapeutic approaches with MEK inhibitors are also being evaluated. Moreover, MEK inhibitors can arrest cancer cells in G1 phase and repress prosurvival Bcl2 family proteins such as MCL1 and BCL2/BCLXL, and increase expression of Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only family protein. This mechanism may explain the efficacy of the combination of MEK inhibitors with cytotoxic agents or other targeted inhibitors. A better understanding of the pathway will help us with development of rational combinations for the treatment of the RAS-mutant cancers.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Post-Transfusion Hepatitis
Authors: Richard D. Aach, Cladd E. Stevens, F. Blaine Hollinger, James W. Mosley, David A. Peterson, Patricia E. Taylor, Rhonda G. Johnson, Luiz H. Barbosa, George J. Nemo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The causes of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis are still not fully defined, nor is it clear how accurate the tests are that are used to screen blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to diagnose post-transfusion hepatitis caused by infected blood.
Evidence of Autologous Immune-Complex Nephritis
Authors: Michael F. S. Douglas, Dana P. Rabideau, Melvin M. Schwartz, Edmund J. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE glomerular lesion of autologous immunecomplex nephritis in rats (Heymann nephritis) is analogous to that of membranous glomerulopathy in human beings.1 One of the components of the immune aggregates deposited along the glomerular basement membrane in this model is a renal tubular epithelial lipoprotein antigen (RTEα5) derived from the proximal renal tubular brush border.2 Although induction of autologous immune-complex nephritis can be achieved by active immunization with this antigen, the disease process can also be produced by passive immunization with antibody to renal tubular brush-border antigens (passive Heymann nephritis).3 This observation prompted the search for an alternative explanation to the . . .
Synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins by embryonic chick hepatocytes: changing patterns during the first three days of culture.
Authors: G Grieninger, S Granick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A simple model system is described for studying synthesis of plasma proteins. The system is based on chick embryo hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture which synthesize a broad spectrum of plasma proteins and secrete them into the culture medium. The secreted proteins are stable and consist almost exclusively of plasma proteins. The cultured cells are nonproliferating hepatic parenchymal cells whose cell mass remains constant in culture. By a modification of Laurell's rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the secreted plasma proteins can be detected in nanogram amounts in 3 microliter of unconcentrated culture medium. Kinetics of secretion are obtained by sequential assay of proteins accumulating in the medium. In this system it is demonstrated that: (a) intracellular plasma protein levels are equivalent to less than 5% of the daily secretion; (b) synthesis and secretion are continuous; and (c) the overall half-time for plasma protein movement along the secretory pathway is less than 10 min. From these results, it follows that the rate at which the plasma proteins are secreted gives a valid estimate of their rate of synthesis. This feature of the culture and the sensitivity of the assay allow routine measurements of plasma protein synthesis without disruption of the cells and without the use of radioisotopes. It is shown, furthermore, that the overall rate of plasma protein synthesis in cultured hepatocytes is constant over a 3-day period and is similar to that of the intact liver. 3,000,000 cells, containing 1 mg cell protein, synthesize 0.2 mg of plasma proteins daily, amounting to one-fifth of hepatocellular protein synthesis. Under the conditions used, albumin synthesis steadily decreases with culture time whereas the synthesis of many other plasma proteins increases. The observed phenotypic changes and reorganization of plasma protein synthesis illustrate how the system may be exploited for studying the regulatory processes governing plasma protein synthesis.
Not all itches arise in the skin
Authors: J.D. Bernhard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Not all itches arise in the skin.1 Take, for example, notalgia paraesthetica (NP) and brachioradial pruritus (BRP). Formerly considered rare, these two ‘named itches’ are in fact rather common. In NP there are itchy areas on the upper back; in BRP there are itchy areas mostly on the outer arms. There is no primary rash in either, but excoriations, scratch papules, pigmentary changes and scars from prior rubbing, scratching, picking and gouging are often seen, more often and more severely in BRP than in NP. The strange sensation in NP and BRP is not always a pure itch. Burning (in particular), stinging, prickling, tingling and even numbness may be present, if not predominant.2 It is now generally accepted that BRP and NP arise not in the skin but in the nervous system. NP and BRP are neurogenic in origin, neuropathic in character – although it would be fair enough to quibble over the extent to which these terms overlap one another, (a temptation I shall resist).
Primary Health Care: The Chinese Experience
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Primary Health Care: The Chinese Experience is a slender but useful paperback issued by the World Health Organization. The stimulus for the book was a two-week seminar on primary health care. Those in attendance were ministers of health, advisers, and health administrators from a wide spectrum of developing nations: Zimbabwe, Pakistan, Sudan, the Philippines, and Jamaica, to give but some examples. The organizers, sponsors, and underwriters were The United Nations' Children's Fund, World Bank, WHO, and the Ministry of Health of the host country. The seminar took place in China, Yexian County. This county, selected as the sample area for analyzing the primary health care system developed by China, is on the Shandong Peninsula. Geographically, the Shandong Peninsula is on the eastern edge of China, projecting up and out into an arm of the Pacific ocean, the Gulf of Chihli, and Yexian County is a coastal region surrounded on three
Commentary: controversies in NICE guidance on osteoarthritis
Authors: Nicola Dalbeth, Bruce Arroll
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The major focus of the guideline is management of established pain and disability in patients with existing osteoarthritis. It raises several conundrums for clinicians. Firstly, it identifies as core treatments those that are low risk and low cost. However, these treatments are also generally low in efficacy with low or negligible effect sizes.1 Of the core treatments, only exercise therapy has a moderate effect size for treating pain in osteoarthritis, which is similar to the effect size of the more risky and costly oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although these core treatments should be integrated into osteoarthritis management, in clinical practice they are rarely sufficient as …
Sigmund the Unserene: A Tragedy in Three Acts
Authors: Judd Marmor
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This short volume by a distinguished neurologist and neurosurgeon consists of three lectures about Freud originally presented at Northwestern University in April 1963. They are an expansion of his controversial Academic Lecture at the 1956 annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Bailey's thesis, in brief, is (1) that Freud was not really a man of science, or an experimenter, but essentially a "spiritual conquistador" who was determined to achieve greatness even if it meant abandoning the path of science; (2) that Freud was a "cryptamnesic sophist" whose basic ideas were not really new but were derived from sources which Freud had "forgotten"; and (3) that in the later years of his life Freud concentrated on "those external verities that are the proper concern of religion" but could offer nothing more than a faith in reason which is inadequate to deal with these verities. A good deal of what
Calcium antagonist-induced photo-exposed telangiectasia
Authors: T. Basarab, R. Yu, R. Russell Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Calcium antagonist‐induced photo‐exposed telangiectasia Get access T. Basarab, T. Basarab Ealing Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UBI 3HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Yu, R. Yu Ealing Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UBI 3HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Russell Jones R. Russell Jones Ealing Hospital, Uxbridge Road, Southall, Middlesex UBI 3HW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 6, 1 June 1997, Pages 974–975, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03952.x Published: 01 June 1997
Effects of Experimental Regional Ischemia and Levarterenol on the RS-T Segment and Baseline of Ventricular Surface Electrocardiograms Obtained by Direct-Coupled Amplification
Authors: A. H. KATCHER, G. PEIRCE, J. J. SAYEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Conventional electrocardiographie equipment (capacitance-coupled amplification) cannot distinguish between RS-T segment and baseline shifts of the ventricular complex. The so-called RS-T segment displacement is the net difference between the undetermined levels of those components. Using direct-coupled amplification, the absolute changes of baseline and RS-T segment on the surface of the exposed left ventricle during levarterenol administration and during regional ischemia, and release-recovery were studied in dogs. Ten significant patterns of displacement were observed. These permitted clear differentiation of the effects of levarterenol injection and hyperperfusion from those of ischemia. The centers and borders of an ischemic area could be distinguished and the change with prolonged ischemia described. The relationship of these observations to the literature and pertinent studies of intracellular action potentials are discussed.
Molecular characterization of contact urticaria in patients with melon allergy
Authors: M. Gandolfo-Cano, J. Bartra, E. González-Mancebo, F. Feo-Brito, E. Gómez, B. Bartolomé, E. Muñoz-García, A. Sanz Maroto, F. Vivanco, J. Cuesta-Herranz, C. Pastor-Vargas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The relevance of contact allergy to plant-related food has recently emerged. Oral allergy syndrome is one of the most characteristic symptoms of fruit allergy, although it also causes systemic reactions. Plant-food allergy is increasing at the same time as pollen allergy, and fruit-induced allergic contact urticaria could be rising as well.The present study was carried out in order to investigate whether one particular primary melon-peel allergen is responsible for contact urticaria.Fourteen patients presenting with contact urticaria after touching melon peel were evaluated. A melon-peel extract was prepared and analysed by immunoblotting using the patients' sera. Molecular characterization of IgE-binding bands was performed using mass spectrometry. Melon-peel lipid transfer protein (LTP) was purified. Inhibition studies and contact challenge with the protein were performed to confirm IgE reactivity to the purified allergen.An IgE-binding band of ~8-9 kDa was observed in an immunoblotting assay with all the patients' sera and was identified as an LTP. The melon-peel LTP was purified in two chromatography steps. Inhibition studies confirmed LTP as a major allergen in patients with melon-peel contact urticaria. Contact challenge with melon-peel LTP was performed in five patients, all of whom had positive results, exhibiting itchy erythema and hives in the area of contact.This study confirmed our previous findings that melon-peel LTP is a major allergen and is responsible for contact allergy. This knowledge may be used to improve both diagnosis and treatment of patients allergic to melon.