tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage
Authors: P E Hay, R F Lamont, D Taylor-Robinson, D J Morgan, C Ison, J Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To find out whether women with bacterial vaginosis detected early in pregnancy are at increased risk of preterm delivery. <b>Design</b> : Prospective description cohort study. <b>Setting</b> : Antenatal clinic in a district general hospital. <b>Subjects</b> : 783 women examined during their first antenatal clinic visit and screened for recognised risk factors for preterm delivery and the presence of bacterial vaginosis or intermediate abnormal flora detected by examination of a vaginal smear stained by Gram9s method. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Gestational age at delivery classified as late miscarriage (16-24 weeks9 gestation), preterm delivery (24-37 weeks9 gestation), term delivery (&gt;=37 weeks9 gestation). <b>Results</b> : Multiple logistic analysis showed that there was an increased incidence of preterm delivery in women with a previous preterm delivery (9/24; odds ratio 25; 95% confidence interval 9 to 70; P&lt;0.001) and bacterial vaginosis (9/115; 2.8; 1.1 to 7.4; P=0.04). A further logistic analysis of data from women recruited before 16 weeks9 gestation showed that preterm deliveries or late miscarriages occurred more often in women with bacterial vaginosis (12/77; 5.5; 2.3 to 13.3; P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> : Late miscarriage and preterm delivery are associated with the presence of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. This is independent of recognised risk factors such as previous preterm delivery.
Synthesis, characterization and therapeutic efficacy of a biodegradable, thermoresponsive hydrogel designed for application in chronic infarcted myocardium
Authors: Kazuro L. Fujimoto, Zuwei Ma, Devin M. Nelson, Ryotaro Hashizume, Jianjun Guan, Kimimasa Tobita, William R. Wagner
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Health-related quality of life as a prognostic factor of survival in critically ill patients
Authors: Sebastián Iribarren-Diarasarri, Felipe Aizpuru-Barandiaran, Tomás Muñoz-Martínez, Ángel Loma-Osorio, Marianela Hernández-López, José María Ruiz-Zorrilla, Carlos Castillo-Arenal, Juan Luis Dudagoitia-Otaolea, Sergio Martínez-Alutiz, Cristina Vinuesa-Lozano
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Long or Highly Irregular Menstrual Cycles as a Marker for Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Caren G. Solomon, Frank B. Hu, Andrea E Dunaif, Janet Rich-Edwards, Walter C. Willett, David J. Hunter, Graham A. Colditz, Frank E. Speizer, Joann E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Although oligomenorrhea has been associated cross-sectionally with insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, it is not known whether oligomenorrhea is a marker for increased future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).To prospectively assess risk of type 2 DM in women with a history of long or highly irregular menstrual cycles.The Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective observational cohort study.A total of 101 073 women who had no prior history of DM and who reported their usual menstrual cycle pattern at age 18 to 22 years on the baseline (1989) questionnaire.Incident reports of DM, with follow-up through 1997, compared among women categorized by menstrual cycle length (5 categories).During 564 333 person-years of follow-up, there were 507 cases of type 2 DM. Compared with women with a usual cycle length of 26 to 31 days (referent category) at age 18 to 22 years, the relative risk (RR) of type 2 DM among women with a menstrual cycle length that was 40 days or more or was too irregular to estimate was 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-2.66), adjusting for body mass index at age 18 years and several other potential confounding variables. The RR of type 2 DM associated with long or highly irregular menstrual cycles was greater in obese women, but was also increased in nonobese women (at body mass indexes at age 18 years of <25, 25-29, and >/=30 kg/m, RRs were 1.67 [95% CI, 1.14-2.45], 1.74 [95% CI, 1.07-2.82], and 3.86 [95% CI, 2.33-6.38], respectively).Women with long or highly irregular menstrual cycles have a significantly increased risk for developing type 2 DM that is not completely explained by obesity.
Oral Immunotherapy by Hypoallergenic Heated and Ovomucoid-Reduced Egg White in Subjects with Hen's Egg Allergy
Authors: A. Urisu, M. Naruse, J. Ahn, R. Komatsubara, S. Suzuki, H. Ando, Y. Kondo, I. Tsuge, K. Yamada, S. Kobayashi, M. Kimura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Illinois Nurses' Bill Vetoed.
Authors: Geo. W. Webster
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Chicago, May 26, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An editorial bearing the above caption appeared inThe Journal, May 16. As the information therein is incorrect, and as an injustice has, doubtless unwittingly, been done Governor Richard Yates of Illinois, an executive whom the Illinois State Medical Society took occasion to highly compliment in formal resolutions adopted less than a month ago, I beg leave to state the facts in the case. The editorial states that the bill was vetoed "simply on the ground that the examining board was to be appointed from names selected by the Illinois State Medical Society." Again, "the governor objects to this as taking from the executive his prerogative, and, we might add, his political perquisites." The above must be a mistake, as the Illinois State Medical Society is not mentioned in the bill (Senate Bill No. 147). The bill provided for the appointment of an
Identification of the Gene for a Novel Liver-Related Putative Tumor Suppressor at a High-Frequency Loss of Heterozygosity Region of Chromosome 8p23 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Liao, Mujun Zhao, Hai Song, Kiyoshi Uchida, Kazunari K. Yokoyama, Tsaiping Li
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Human chromosome 8p23 is known as a region that is associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which is frequently deleted in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. We report here the characterization of a gene for a liver-related putative tumor suppressor (LPTS) localized at 8p23, that was isolated by allelic-loss mapping and positional candidate cloning. The expression of the gene for LPTS was ubiquitous in normal human tissues, albeit at relatively low levels, whereas levels appeared to be significantly reduced, or sometimes undetectable in HCC cells and neoplastic tissues. Thus, it appeared that LPTS might be involved in the control of cell proliferation. Indeed, we observed the significant suppression of growth and growth arrest of SMMC-7721 HCC cells after introduction of the gene for LPTS. We also used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) to suppress the expression of LPTS in normal liver cells L02. Several AS-ODNs specific for LPTS mRNA significantly enhanced cell growth, whereas control oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) did not. Our results suggest that LPTS might be a growth-inhibitory protein in human hepatocytes.
Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on the regulation of rat hepatic organic anion transporters during toxic liver injury and cholestasis
Authors: A. Geier, C.G. Dietrich, S. Voigt, S.-K. Kim, T. Gerloff, G.A. Kullak-Ublick, S. Matern, C. Gartung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Low‐dose nitroglycerin improves microcirculation in hospitalized patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Corstiaan A. den Uil, Wim K. Lagrand, Peter E. Spronk, Martin van der Ent, Lucia S.D. Jewbali, Jasper J. Brugts, Can Ince, Maarten L. Simoons
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
PREPARATION OF A SERUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Authors: S. P. BEEBE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The serum treatment of exophthalmic goiter, or Graves' disease, is not new. In addition to the ordinary medicinal measures which have been employed, many attempts have been made to obtain some specific of animal origin which would work as beneficially in exophthalmic goiter as thyroid extract does in myxedema. A few of these attempts have been partially successful, and since I wish to compare the serum which we have used with that tried in previous experiments, I will outline briefly the present condition of the problem. The fundamental ideas for serum therapy in this disease are, first, that the symptoms are caused by an hyperactivity of the thyroid gland, and, second, that the physiologic action of the thyroid secretion is to neutralize some toxin arising in the course of metabolism. With our present knowledge the thyroid origin of the symptoms of the disease seems the most rational of any thus
Infants of Low Birth Weight
Authors: William A. Silverman, John C. Sinclair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

MANY infants who are small at birth have simply not remained in the uterus long enough to achieve expected size. In such cases it is assumed that maternofetal relations have been normal until the occurrence of an event or the development of an (acute) state resulting in the early delivery of an infant whose overall size, body composition and functional development are fairly representative of coeval fetuses whose gestations are undisturbed. By contrast, some neonates are smaller than expected for gestational age because normal antenatal growth has been retarded as the result of a pathologic process primarily involving the fetus, . . .
MERS coronovirus has probably been present in bats for many years, research shows
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A1 London

Genetic detective work indicates that the respiratory virus responsible for 58 deaths in the Middle East has infected bats over a considerable period of time. How exactly it made the jump from bats to humans, however, remains uncertain.

A team from Australia aided by a colleague in Singapore studied mutations in the DPP-4 genes in a variety of mammals, from cats to killer whales.1 The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which is responsible for …
Inching Toward a Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccine for Infants
Authors: Amanda C. Cohn, Nancy E. Messonnier
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal Diagnosis Using DNA Polymorphisms
Authors: Corinne D. Boehm, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, John A. Phillips, Gail Stetten, Haig H. Kazazian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

DNA polymorphisms are normal inherited variations in DNA that can often be used to document the inheritance of genes that produce disease. In this report we summarize our experience with prenatal diagnosis in 95 pregnancies in which the fetus was at risk for a hemoglobinopathy; the diagnosis was performed with use of DNA polymorphisms located so near the β-globin gene that they are inherited along with that gene. Of the 95 pregnancies, 57 involved fetuses at risk for sickle-cell anemia, 32 fetuses at risk for β-thalassemia, and 6 fetuses at risk for other β-chain hemoglobinopathies. Diagnosis was achieved solely by analysis of DNA polymorphisms in cells recovered by amniocentesis in 82 cases (86 per cent) and was completed by fetoscopy and fetal-blood study in an additional 6 cases (6 per cent). Prenatal diagnosis was proved correct in all 78 cases that have been available for confirmation to date. Our experience demonstrates that DNA polymorphisms can be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases in which the basic defect cannot be directly detected. (N Engl J Med 1983; 308:1054–8.)
When do pregnant women attend for antenatal care?
Authors: G Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1980)

criticism of what is being undertaken.At a recent meeting the regional advisers thought that the development was a useful one and Dr van't Hoff, regional adviser for the West Midlands, is helping the editor over this.It seems to me-writing as a general physician, and remembering well the amount of work involved-that audit on the lines described in this letter is much more likely to be acceptable to the people who actually do the work than is the bureaucratic approach.
Comparison of airway reactivity induced by histamine, methacholine, and isocapnic hyperventilation in normal and asthmatic subjects.
Authors: A T Aquilina
Journal: Thorax (1983)

In an investigation of a rapid screening test for airway reactivity using isocapnic hyperventilation with room air and cold air the results of this test were compared with the airway response to histamine and methacholine challenge. Twelve non-atopic, non-smoking normal subjects and 11 subjects with stable asthma who had an FEV1 above 74% of the predicted value were studied. In the normal subjects isocapnic hyperventilation with room air (75 l/min; 22 degrees C (SEM 0.2 degrees); 10 mg H2O/l air) and isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (77 l/min; -10 degrees C (0.9 degrees); 2.4 mg H2O/l air) produced no significant change in FEV1. In the asthmatic subjects, hyperventilation with room air (71 l/min; 22 degrees C (0.8 degrees); 10 mg H2O/l air) caused a mean fall in FEV1 of 11.7%; cold air hyperventilation (70 l/min; -10 degrees C (0.9 degrees); 2.4 mg H2O/l air) caused a mean fall in FEV1 of 20.4%. Cold air hyperventilation produced greater separation between normal and asthmatic subjects than room air. The provocative concentration of histamine required to reduce the FEV1 by 20% (PC20) correlated closely with the PC20 for methacholine (r = 0.95; p less than 0.001). Both tests separated normal from asthmatic subjects. PC20 for both histamine and methacholine correlated with the fall in FEV1 after cold air hyperventilation (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001; r = 0.87, p less than 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the results of a rapid screening test based on hyperventilation with cold air correlate well with a standard pharmacological challenge.
Recommendations for Standardization of Electrocardiographic and Vectorcardiographic Leads
Authors: FRANK N. WILSON, CHARLES E. KOSSMANN, GEORGE E. BURCH, EMANUEL GOLDBERGER, ASHTON GRAYBIEL, HANS H. HECHT, FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON, EUGENE LEPESCHKIN, GORDON B. MYERS
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Great Britain and Ireland on the Standardi- zation of Precordial Leads' were published.The report, expertly done by selected committees of each of these organizations, was received with considerable enthusiasm by most clinicians, with some misgivings by a few.The latter included those individualists to whom the word standardization is anathema, and to whom conventionalization is synonymous with stultification of thought.In the years since the report appeared, the
Can We Now Agree to Use the Same Definition to Measure Response According to CA-125?
Authors: Gordon J.S. Rustin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

Oncologists use measurement of response as an indicator that the therapy they are administering is effective. This information can then be used to decide whether to continue, change, or stop therapy and may also be used as a surrogate end point in a clinical trial. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1 have been accepted as the standard methodology for measuring response. Many patients with ovarian cancer do not have measurable disease, so response cannot often be measured using RECIST criteria. Oncologists have therefore considered using the tumor marker CA-125 as an alternative method for monitoring the treatment of patients with ovarian carcinoma. Serum levels of CA-125 are elevated in more than 90% of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. 2,3 Several different definitions of response based on CA-125 have been proposed, which has led to a variation in the response rate to a particular agent from 10% to 62% in the same group of patients, depending on which definition is used. 4 The Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) consists of representatives from the major gynecologic cancer trial groups around the world. After considerable debate—and after several versions—the GCIG has proposed a precise but simple definition for response according to CA-125, based on a 50% reduction in CA-125 levels that is confirmed and maintained for at least 28 days. 5 This definition, with examples demonstrating its implementation, is posted on the GCIG Web site (http://ctep.info.nih.gov/ resources/gcig/index.html). There are difficulties in validating a new response definition based on a tumor marker, as some patients are only assessable by scans and some are only assessable by the tumor marker. In some patients, scans might classify the response differently from the tumor marker. If a patient is classified as having stable disease by scans but as a responder according to the tumor marker, which is correct? The simplest method used to validate definitions of response based on CA-125 has been to compare response rates according to CA-125 with response rates according to standard criteria and calculate the proportion of patients in whom the CA-125 prediction agrees or differs with the response determined by standard criteria. 6 The accuracy of the definition for response according to CA-125 has also been determined by examining how accurate the CA125‐ defined response was in predicting the activity of drugs in phase II trials, compared with response rates obtained by standard criteria. 7
Expression of mutant p53 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: J D Collier, M Carpenter, A D Burt, M F Bassendine
Journal: Gut (1994)

p53 mutations are a common genetic finding in hepatocellular carcinoma from areas of high aflatoxin exposure. Recent small studies have shown that p53 gene mutations may be less common in areas with a low prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma such as Great Britain. The protein product of mutant p53 can be detected immunohistochemically because of its longer half life in comparison with native protein. This study used a novel monoclonal antibody DO-7, raised against recombinant p53 and effective in routinely processed biopsy specimen tissue, to detect the mutant protein in a series of 45 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in white subjects resident in the United Kingdom. Focal nuclear labelling was seen in four cases (9%); surrounding cirrhotic tissue in one of these was negative for p53 expression. This study shows that p53 mutations are a rare event in hepatocarcinogenesis in Great Britain, an area of low aflatoxin exposure, and supports the concept of geographical variations in the cause and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
AIDS in Russia—glasnost arrives at last
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<i>This week, Moscow played host to the first ever regional conference on HIV/AIDS to be held in Eastern Europe. The event marks a turning point in a country that has been reluctant to admit the disease is a problem. <b>Zosia Kmietowicz</b> looks at efforts to prevent a pandemic</i>
GPs face a 400m "black hole" as a result of cuts over the past three years
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

General practice needs a cash injection to preserve services and keep patients safe after cuts of £400m (€476m; $648m) over the past three years, the Royal College of General Practitioners has said.

Figures compiled by the college show that the amount spent in general practice per person in England fell by 7% in real terms from £8865m in 2009-10 to £8459m in 2012-13, because of a combination of funding cuts and population growth.

Meanwhile hospitals have seen extra investment, with the government recently announcing an extra £500m for emergency departments in England over the next two years.

The figures, which were …
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Visualizing Gastric Submucosal Tumors Diagnosed by Endosonography: Can Surveillance Be Simplified?
Authors: M. Polkowski, J. Palucki, E. Butruk
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Management options for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) include tumor removal or surveillance. If the latter is chosen, it requires repeated measurements of the tumor diameter. Although this can be achieved using endoscopy or endosonography (EUS), a less invasive and cheaper method would be welcome. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the proportion of gastric SMTs that can be visualized using transabdominal ultrasound of the water-filled stomach. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients with endosonographically diagnosed gastric SMTs underwent transabdominal ultrasound examinations of the water-filled stomach performed immediately after EUS; both procedures were carried out by the same investigator. Transabdominal ultrasound was considered positive only if: firstly, the tumor was visualized unequivocally; secondly, its dimensions could be measured; and thirdly, photographic documentation could be recorded. In each case, a positive result had to be confirmed by an independent investigator, who reviewed the photographic documentation. Results: The median size of SMTs on EUS was 25 mm (range 4 - 55 mm). Twelve tumors were located in the antrum, 25 in the gastric body, and 14 in the gastric fundus or cardia. Transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated the tumor in 35 of 51 patients (69 %). For tumors ≤ 30 mm, the visualization rate was 61 % (22 of 36). The location of the tumor and its EUS features did not significantly affect the sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasound. Conclusions: In 69 % of patients with endosonographically diagnosed gastric SMTs, the tumor can also be visualized (and measured) using transabdominal ultrasound of the water-filled stomach. This noninvasive and inexpensive method may potentially be useful for surveillance in patients with SMTs, and further evaluation in this setting is warranted.
Presentation of the Henry Jacob Bigelow Gold Medal
Authors: Joe V. Meigs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THIS evening we meet to do honor to one of our own. Elliott Carr Cutler received his degree in 1913 from Harvard Medical School, where he was a member of the Boylston Medical Society, Alpha Omega Alpha Society and the Aesculapian Club. Thus, characteristically, at the start of his medical career he was a member of the school's literary society, its honor society and its social society. After graduation he went to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital as surgical house officer. Before the United States entered World War I he was a member of the Harvard Unit, serving with the . . .