tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effectiveness of zanamivir and oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A and B
Authors: Naoki Kawai, Hideyuki Ikematsu, Norio Iwaki, Tetsunari Maeda, Hideo Kanazawa, Takashi Kawashima, Osame Tanaka, Satoshi Yamauchi, Kenichi Kawamura, Toru Nagai, Satsuki Horii, Nobuo Hirotsu, Seizaburo Kashiwagi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Coarctation of the Aorta and Other Late Sequelae of Administration of Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)
Authors: GURDARSHAN S. THIND, RICHARD N. HARNER, LEON KASEFF
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Coarctation of the aorta secondary to a cervicomediastinal thorotrastoma developed in a 30-year-old man 25 years after carotid arteriography. Other local manifestations of the thorotrastoma included occlusion of the left common carotid artery and partial occlusion of the left vertebral and left subclavian arteries, bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis, periesophageal adhesions, and multiple traction diverticula of the esophagus. There was no evidence of hepatic neoplasm or malignant transformation of the thorotrastoma. The major risk for this patient in the future, even though small, would be the development of a malignant hepatic neoplasm. Surgery may be indicated if local symptoms, enlarging tumor mass, or signs of increasing aortic obstruction develop.
High Glucose–Induced Apoptosis in Human Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Sequential Activations of c-Jun NH <sub>2</sub> -Terminal Kinase and Caspase-3
Authors: Feng M. Ho, Shing H. Liu, Chiau S. Liau, Por J. Huang, Shoei Y. Lin-Shiau
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Diabetes mellitus causes multiple cardiovascular complications. High glucose can induce reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms in high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.We elucidated the signaling pathway of high glucose-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with media containing 5.5, 19, or 33 mmol/L of glucose in the presence or absence of an antioxidant, ascorbic acid. The level of intracellular H(2)O(2) was measured by flow cytometry. For detection of apoptosis, the cell death detection ELISA assay and the morphological Hoechst staining were used. High glucose was capable of inducing the activity of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase during the treatment periods, as evidenced by immunocomplex kinase assay. Moreover, we found that the interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)/CED-3 family protease (caspase-3) became activated in high glucose-induced apoptosis. Caspase-3/CPP32-specific inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO, could inhibit high glucose-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that JNK1 specific antisense oligonucleotide could suppress caspase-3 activity but not affect H(2)O(2) generation and could block apoptosis induced by high glucose. Also, H(2)O(2) generation, JNK activity, caspase-3 activity, and the subsequent apoptosis induced by high glucose could be suppressed by ascorbic acid.The present study indicates that reactive oxygen species induced by high glucose may be involved in JNK activation, which in turn triggers the caspase-3 that facilitates the apoptosis in HUVECs.
Idiopathic Hypocitraturic Calcium-Oxalate Nephrolithiasis Successfully Treated with Potassium Citrate
Authors: Charles Y. C. Pak, Cindy Fuller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The effects of long-term treatment with potassium citrate, 30 to 80 meq/d over 2.13 ± 0.76 (SD) years, were examined in 37 patients with "idiopathic" hypocitraturic calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis, in whom the main causes of hypocitraturia (renal tubular acidosis, chronic diarrhea, urinary tract infection, or hypokalemia) were excluded or considered unlikely. Potassium citrate treatment produced a sustained increase in urinary citrate excretion from initially low values (223 to 253 mg/d) to within normal limits (470 to 620 mg/d). Urinary pH rose significantly and was maintained at 6.5 to 7.0. Along with these changes, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate declined significantly to normal limits. Further stone formation ceased in 89.2% of patients during treatment, and the stone formation rate declined from 2.11 ± 5.68 to 0.28 ± 1.30 stones/patient-year (p < 0.01).
Differential effects of somatostatin on tnf receptors and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: M. Georgiadou, G. Notas, I. Drigiannakis, O. Sfakianaki, S. Klironomos, M. Frangaki, E. Kouroumalis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Somatostatin has antitumour activity in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. In human studies both favourable and unfavourable results have been reported. A 40% fraction of treated patients are benefited. Since its action may be through apoptosis, the authors tested the hypothesis that somatostatin may act differently in different hepatocellular cell lines. <h3>Methods</h3> The somatostatin synthetic analogue octreotide was tested for its effect on the expression of TNF receptors (RT-PCR and Western blot) and the TNFα-induced apoptosis (NF-kB nuclear translocation, P65 phosphorylation, DNA fragmentation and TUNEL cytochemistry) The HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells and the Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were used. <h3>Results</h3> TNFR1 but no TNFR2 receptor was constitutively expressed in both cell lines. Octreotide caused an early (within 1 h) reduction of both mRNA and TNFR1 protein in HepG2 and a late (at 6 and 12 h) reduction in Hep3B cells. TNFα induced NF-kB nuclear translocation, stronger in Hep3B which was not influenced by octreotide. Octreotide significantly increased P65Ser536 and P65Ser468 phosphorylation, more pronounced in Hep3B cells. Octreotide significantly decreased TNFα-induced Ser536 phosphorylation only in HepG2 cells. Octreotide or TNFα alone had no effect on apoptosis in HepG2 cells but TNFα greatly increased apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Co-incubation with Octreotide and TNFα increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells and decreased TNFα induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells, <h3>Conclusion</h3> (1) The differential effect of somatostatin on apoptosis may be due to its different effect on TNFR1 expression in the two cell lines. (2) Somatostatin may have no direct effect on apoptosis but it may indirectly act through TNF induced apoptosis. (3) This differential effect may in part explain the conflicting results of human HCC studies.
Therapy of Burkitt's Lymphoma in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Elliott Perlin, Peter Nielsen, David Karp, Alvin Watne, John L. Ziegler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 September 1974Therapy of Burkitt's Lymphoma in the Central Nervous SystemELLIOTT PERLIN, PETER NIELSEN, DAVID KARP, ALVIN WATNE, M.D., JOHN L. ZIEGLER, M.D.ELLIOTT PERLINSearch for more papers by this author, PETER NIELSENSearch for more papers by this author, DAVID KARPSearch for more papers by this author, ALVIN WATNE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN L. ZIEGLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-3-408 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Meningeal extension of Burkitt's lymphoma is particularly dreaded because it presages a poor prognosis. Although many patients initially respond to therapy, relapse is common (1).We have treated a patient who had Burkitt's lymphoma, in the central nervous system, with combined systemic, intrathecal, and cranial radiation therapy. We report our results because experience with this disease in the United States has been limited.The patient was a 17-year-old white woman who was living in Bitburg, Germany, when she noted an enlarged lymph node in the left axilla. A biopsy specimen taken on 6 February 1973 showed lymphosarcoma,...References1. ZIEGLERBLUMING JA: Intrathecal chemotherapy in Burkitt's lymphoma. Br Med J 3:508-512, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. IVERSENIVERSENZIEGLER UOJ: Cell kinetics in African cases of Burkitt's lymphoma: a preliminary report. Eur J Cancer 8:305-508, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NORINCLIFFORDEINHORN TPJ: Conventional and superfractionated radiation therapy in Burkitt's lymphoma. Acta Radiol Scand 10:545-557, 1971 Google Scholar4. SULLIVANVIETTIFERNBACH MTD: Clinical investigations in the treatment of meningeal leukemia: radiation therapy regimens vs conventional intrathecal methotrexate. Blood 34: 301-319, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. SULLIVAN M: Prognosis in central nervous system leukemia, in Seventh National Cancer Conference Proceedings. Philadelphia, J. P. Lippincott Co., 1973, pp. 594-596 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELLIOTT PERLIN; PETER NIELSEN; DAVID KARP; ALVIN WATNE, M.D.; JOHN L. ZIEGLER, M.D.Affiliations: National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1974Volume 81, Issue 3Page: 408-409KeywordsBiopsyBurkitt lymphomaCentral nervous systemLymph nodesRadiation therapy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pathology of Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Alan S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This 353 page monograph is a beautifully illustrated atlas of the author's extensive personal experience with the gross and microscopic pathology of selected rheumatic diseases. The bulk of the book deals with rheumatoid arthritis (about 130 pp) and rheumatic fever (about 60 pp), while short sections (10 to 25 pp) illustrate osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, nonarticular rheumatism, and experimental arthritis, with very brief sections on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome. Thus, despite the title, the book is not a pathology text of all rheumatic diseases, for such commonly recognized disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, various types of vasculitis, and polymyositis are not discussed. The author is a student of Klinge's, and some of the most interesting parts of the book delineate the latter's contributions to rheumatic disease pathology as extended by Fassbender's vast experience. In general, the selected light microscopic sections are well chosen and
The effect of particle agglomeration on the formation of a surface-connected compartment induced by hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in human monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Karin H. Müller, Michael Motskin, Alistair J. Philpott, Alexander F. Routh, Catherine M. Shanahan, Melinda J. Duer, Jeremy N. Skepper
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Agglomeration dramatically affects many aspects of nanoparticle–cell interactions. Here we show that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles formed large agglomerates in biological medium resulting in extensive particle uptake and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in human macrophages. Particle citration and/or the addition of the dispersant Darvan 7 dramatically reduced mean agglomerate sizes, the amount of particle uptake and concomitantly cytotoxicity. More surprisingly, agglomeration governed the mode of particle uptake. Agglomerates were sequestered within an extensive, interconnected membrane labyrinth open to the extracellular space. In spite of not being truly intracellular, imaging studies suggest particle degradation occurred within this surface-connected compartment (SCC). Agglomerate dispersion prevented the SCC from forming, but did not completely inhibit nanoparticle uptake by other mechanisms. The results of this study could be relevant to understanding particle–cell interactions during developmental mineral deposition, in ectopic calcification in disease, and during application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle vectors in biomedicine.
Screening for HIV: Systematic Review to Update the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation
Authors: Roger Chou, Shelley Selph, Tracy Dana, Christina Bougatsos, Bernadette Zakher, Ian Blazina, P. Todd Korthuis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: A 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) review found good evidence that HIV screening is accurate and that antiretroviral therapy (ART) for immunologically advanced disease is associated with substantial clinical benefits, but insufficient evidence to determine the effects on transmission or in less immunologically advanced disease. Purpose: To update the 2005 USPSTF review on benefits and harms of HIV screening in adolescents and adults, focusing on research gaps identified in the prior review. Data Sources: MEDLINE (2004 to June 2012) and the Cochrane Library (through the second quarter of 2012). Study Selection: Randomized trials and observational studies that compared HIV screening strategies and reported clinical outcomes, evaluated the effects of starting ART at different CD4 cell count thresholds and long-term harms, or reported the effects of interventions on transmission risk. Data Extraction: 2 authors abstracted and checked study details and quality using predefined criteria. Data Synthesis: No study directly evaluated the effects on clinical outcomes of screening versus no screening for HIV infection. A randomized trial and a subgroup analysis from a randomized trial found that ART initiation at CD4 counts less than 0.250 × 109 cells/L was associated with a higher risk for death or AIDS-defining events than initiation at CD4 counts greater than 0.350 × 109 cells/L (hazard ratios, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5] and 5.3 [CI, 1.3 to 9.6]). Large, fair-quality cohort studies also consistently found that ART initiation at CD4 counts of 0.350 to 0.500 × 109 cells/L was associated with lower risk for death or AIDS-defining events than delayed initiation. New evidence from good-quality cohorts with longer-term follow-up confirms a previously observed small increased risk for cardiovascular events associated with certain antiretrovirals. Strong evidence from 1 good-quality randomized trial and 7 observational studies found that ART was associated with a 10- to 20-fold reduction in risk for sexual transmission of HIV. Limitations: Only English-language articles were included. Observational studies were included. Studies done in resource-poor or high-prevalence settings were included but might have limited applicability to general screening in the United States. Conclusion: Previous studies have shown that HIV screening is accurate, targeted screening misses a substantial proportion of cases, and treatments are effective in patients with advanced immunodeficiency. New evidence indicates that ART reduces risk for AIDS-defining events and death in persons with less advanced immunodeficiency and reduces sexual transmission of HIV. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
PTH-022 Safety And Efficacy Of Day Case Therapeutic Paracentesis For Malignant Ascites
Authors: A Xiarchou, BR Disney, C Hammond, E Sung, S Raman, GM Wood
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ascites is a common consequence of cancer, occurring in 15–50% of patients, and causes symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, anorexia, nausea and a reduced quality of life. Therapeutic paracentesis is the most often utilised and the most effective treatment for malignant ascites. It can improve the patient's symptoms and quality of life, and has a low risk of complications. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of day case paracentesis in the context of malignant ascites. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with malignant ascites admitted as a day case to our Ambulatory Care Unit (ACU) for therapeutic paracentesis. Drains were placed without ultrasound guidance by doctors experienced in the procedure. Drains were left <i>in situ</i> for a maximum of 6 h. Albumin or fluids were not given. Data on blood pressure and heart rate before and after the procedure, the volume of fluid removed, duration of stay, any complications and any fluids given, were recorded. Data such as age, albumin levels, having chemotherapy at that time and if they are still alive were collected for all the patients. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 20 ascitic drains, performed in 9 patients, were identified. Of these, 19 drains were performed successfully as day-case procedures at ambulatory care unit (ACU). Mean age of patients was 75 years (range 45–85 years). All patients had cancer of gastrointestinal origin. Five patients were having chemotherapy at the time of the procedure. The average albumin was 31.3 g/L (range 23–41). The mean volume of ascites drained was 8.3 L (range 4.0–14.8 L). There were no significant changes in either mean arterial pressure or heart rate before and after paracentesis. Heart rate: before 82 ± 18 bpm, after 82 ± 13 bpm (p = 0.95). Mean arterial pressure: before 91 ± 10 mmHg and after 84 ± 11 mmHg (P = 0.07). The maximum time of staying in ACU was 8.5 h (mean time &lt;7 h). Six patients have since died from cancer related deaths. There was one failed paracentesis; this patient subsequently underwent uncomplicated ultrasound guided placement. One drain was delayed by 48 h due to neutropenia. There were no serious complications and no patients required hospital admission. One minor complication was reported (skin haematoma) and one patient required intravenous fluids. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Day case paracentesis is both safe and effective in the management of malignant ascites. It is not necessary to routinely replace fluid or albumin during the procedure. This approach can avoid unnecessary hospital admissions and provides rapid improvement in patient's symptoms and patient quality of life. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection: An Overview of the Value of Different Techniques
Authors: C S Shim
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Two articles in this issue of Endoscopy advocate the use of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), in a new treatment technique for intramucosal gastric tumors using an insulated-tip diathermic knife [1], and a novel approach to endoscopic colorectal mucosal resection using a three-channel outer tube and multiple forceps in an experimental assessment [2]. EMR, which is a recently introduced therapeutic method for resection of flat or depressed lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, has come to play an increasingly important role in the treatment of early cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Most importantly, long-term studies which demonstrated EMR outcomes similar to those of surgery have led to the acceptance of EMR as a standard procedure [3].
Is 81-mg Aspirin Associated With Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk?
Authors: David L. Keller
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
PTU-069 The Effect of Faecal Calprotectin on the use of Colonoscopy at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Authors: E Shuttleworth, A Poppleton, E Lim, A Sharma
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal calprotectin is a sensitive measure of neutrophilic intestinal inflammation; use in gastroenterological screening has been proposed, reducing invasive and costly lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, particularly when functional disorders are suspected [1]. We reviewed all faecal calprotectin results and available patient records over a six month period to determine whether a normal faecal calprotectin resulted in subsequent avoidance of lower GI endoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> The paper and/or electronic medical records for patients with calprotectin requests over a 6 month period were accessed and reviewed by a Specialty Trainee in gastroenterology at Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Demographic data, symptoms, and recent or subsequent lower GI endoscopy were recorded. Endoscopy was considered ‘spared’ if the diagnosis was anticipated to be functional and a normal faecal calprotectin resulted in avoidance of lower GI endoscopy; or in patients with known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) where the notes intimated a normal calprotectin would result in avoidance of further endoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> 122 patients (73 female, mean age 41yrs, range 16–89yrs) had faecal calprotectin requests sent from the Royal Preston Hospital and Chorley and South Ribble Hospital. 4 samples were not received or processed. 90.2% were outpatient requests, and the most common indications were loose stools (54.1%) and abdominal pain (28.7%). 45 samples (36.9%) had a raised calprotectin (≥51μg/g), of which 20 patients had known IBD. In those with a normal calprotectin (n = 73), 56 had an unclear diagnosis of which 4 (7.1%) eventually went on to have lower GI endoscopy with no major findings, and 20 patients (35.7%) had previously undergone lower GI endoscopy. In 13 patients there were insufficient records available to be able to comment. According to the criteria mentioned 35 patients were spared lower GI endoscopy within the 6 month period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Over a 6 month period 35 lower GI endoscopies were avoided representing both a reduction in patient exposure to the risks of endoscopy and a significant financial saving. Our results suggest that faecal calprotectin is a valuable and cost effective resource in helping to exclude significant organic pathology in selected patients given its proven high negative predictive value in excluding gastrointestinal inflammation [2]. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Licata A <i>et al.</i> J Clin Gastroenterol. 2012; 46:504–8. Meucci G <i>et al.</i><i></i> Dig Liver Dis. 2010; 42:191–5
Mutant LRRK2R1441G BAC transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yanping Li, Wencheng Liu, Tinmarla F Oo, Lei Wang, Yi Tang, Vernice Jackson-Lewis, Chun Zhou, Kindiya Geghman, Mikhail Bogdanov, Serge Przedborski, M Flint Beal, Robert E Burke, Chenjian Li
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
Recommendations for Antioxidants: How Much Evidence Is Enough?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE STEW of data describing antioxidants' disease prevention potential is coming to a boil. "This issue is going to get hotter before it gets resolved," says Elizabeth Yetley, PhD, acting director of the Office of Special Nutritionals at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). At issue is whether existing data are thorough enough to support the routine use of antioxidant vitamins and minerals to ward off such illnesses as cancer and cardiovascular disease that have been associated with oxidative cell damage. Agencies including the FDA and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), which advises the US Department of Agriculture on changes in the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for nutritional intake, say such a recommendation is premature. But last month, the Washington, DC-based Alliance for Aging Research furthered the debate. A scientific advisory panel convened by the alliance, an 8-year-old nongovernmental, nonprofit group working to advance medical research on human aging,