tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REFLEX ASTHMA: ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT: INCLUDING A REVIEW OF 337 CASES
Authors: H. H. Moll
Journal: BMJ (1934)

MEBRcTAISTI 299iritis the pain appears first in the eyeball-a ciliary pain -and next spreads to the brow and temple along the supraorbital nerve; it may be very severe, throbbing and stabbing, and increasing at night.Sometimes the
A PROPOSED AMERICAN MEDICAL BENEVOLENT FUND.
Authors: FREDERICK HORNER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Brief reference may be made to associations already in existence in the United States and in Great Britain, whose aim is to afford immediate pecuniary relief to distressed, qualified members of the medical profession, their widows and orphans, and to grant annuities to such after they have attained 60 years of age. First, "British Medical Benevolent Fund," President, Sir James Paget, Bart., F.R.S., was established in 1836. According to the late report furnished the writer by the courtesy of W. H. Broadbent, M.D., who is connected officially with the British Medical Benevolent Fund, a feature of this Fund is that the whole of the money subscribed is available for the objects of the charity, "£3,531 in 1891 was distributed in grants or annuities in the relief of cases of distress, many of them of utter destitution, and the relief given is not unfrequently all that stands between the recipient and
International debt, death squads, and children: Author's reply
Authors: D. Logie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

by the questionnaire, allowing treatment before admission.Surgical clinics fulfil three objectives: the diagnosis is considered, the patient's suitability for surgery and in particular anaesthesia is assessed, and diagnosis and treatment are discussed.Taking these points in reverse order, the implications of the diagnosis and treatment could easily be conveyed by letter, and the second objective could be covered by the questionnaire.I reviewed only patients admitted for operation and therefore did not address the first objective, but in most cases the diagnosis of hernia is obvious, and uncertain cases could still be assessed in outpatient clinics.Collins points out that general practitioners are usually willing to follow up surgical cases, and it seems that the function of the preoperative outpatient appointment could often be undertaken by the patient's general practitioner.This would help to allow more complex consultations the 20 minutes that Collins recommends and prevent unnecessary waiting in busy clinics for patients with straightforward problems.
Respite care on a children's ward.
Authors: D M Hall, R J West, C J Bungay
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In March 1984 a short term respite care facility for handicapped children was opened in a children's ward catering primarily for acute medical and surgical problems. The facility was based on a four bedded room designed so that if beds became short in the main ward it could revert immediately to the care of acutely sick children. Three nurses were appointed specifically to staff the facility, the nursing budget for the rest of the ward being reduced proportionately. Conversions were funded by charities and some of the conversion work done by volunteers. The main users were totally dependent children aged under 5 with severe mental and physical handicaps. Parents found the service invaluable, and in addition to planned admissions it was usually possible to accept a child at short notice--for example, when some domestic crisis occurred. Only very rarely was admission impossible because of the needs of acutely ill children. A short term respite care facility not only helps parents cope and may provide beneficial experience for a handicapped child but is also a useful training ground for medical students and junior staff.
The Problem of Abdominal Pain
Authors: F. R. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1942)

What is the problem ?Why have so many theories been formulated ?Morley (1931) has put the matter succinctly-:" The need for a theory of abdominal pain arose from the discovery that the gastro-intestinal tract and the other intra- peritoneal organs, when exposed to direct mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation, are incapable of.producingpainful sensations.This fact, when once realized, had to be reconciled with the universal experience that pain does result from various inflammatory or obstructive disorders of these organs.A further and more obvious difficulty was found -in the peculiar distribution of the pain in many abdominal diseases.Sometimes it would be central, some- times unilateral.In somecases it would be felt chiefly in the back, and occasionally it was most marked in so remote a region as the supra-acromial area of the shoulder.An explanation had to be found for this peculiar radiation of pain to regions more or less remote from the causal lesion.Further, in certain disorders of the abdominal viscera, it was found that the pain is associated with localized areas of tenderness on pressure, cutaneous hyperalgesia, and muscular rigidity, all in the abdominal Wall, while in other and equally painful disorders these superficial manifestations are absent.A theory had to be elaborated that would explain all these highly confusing manifestations of abdominal pain."In the present somewhat discursive paper there will be found much that is old and true, a good deal that is more recent, mainly speculative, but of great interest, and a little that is new.It is my hope that in the " new " something of interest may be found and perhaps even a grain or two of truth." Where do you feel the pain?" The purist may reply, " In my sensorium," but the ordinary patient clearly understands one's meaning, and will indicate, more or less exactly, where his pain is situated.Before approaching the problem of abdominal pain it is of course essential to have a clear conception of the development, anatomy, and physiology of the tissues concerned, as well as of the morbid and pathological conditions which may excite the sensation of pain.Especially must we know the 'peculiar nerve pathways present and to what particular stimuli they respond.We know that each special sensory apparatus or
Community care for the elderly 1976-84.
Authors: E Grundy
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The aging of the elderly population is of crucial importance as people who are over 80 make far greater use of health and social services than any other age group. Government guidelines on the provision of services, which are generally related to the whole population aged 65 and over, fail to take account of this change in the age structure of the elderly population and are no longer appropriate. Recent trends in the provision of domiciliary services, day care, specialist housing for the elderly, and residential care have been related to changes in the number of potential consumers. Ironically, despite the government's stated commitment to "community care," the chief growth area has been private institutional care. The number of day care places and sheltered housing units has also increased in real terms, but the provision of domiciliary services, such as home help and health visitor visits to the elderly, has either fallen behind or barely matched the increase in the number of very old people. If community care is to be made a reality and if the present inadequate levels of service are to be maintained, let alone improved, then additional resources, greater cooperation among agencies, and a more imaginative approach to the development and delivery of services are urgently needed.
Treatment with etidronate for men with idiopathic osteoporosis
Authors: P. GEUSENS, J. VANHOOF, J. RAUS, J. DEQUEKER, J. NIJS, J. JOLY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

In a recent overview of current and potential future drug treatments for osteoporosis, the therapies for osteoporosis in men were discussed briefly.1 Osteoporosis in men is a heterogeneous disease of which 50% of the cases are classified as idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP).2 Long term data on treatment of men with IOP are not yet available.

In an uncontrolled open study of 22 white men with IOP, we have studied prospectively, the effect of a two year treatment with cyclic etidronate (400 mg/d during two weeks every three months) and calcium (500 mg/d during 10 weeks every three months). …
Semen quality of Finnish men.
Authors: J Suominen, M Vierula
Journal: BMJ (1993)

be appropriately trained according to their position and specialty.3Basic life support training was held to be mandatory for all.The working party recommended that a resuscitation training officer be appointed in every acute hospital solely to ensure that training is implemented and cardiac arrests are regularly audited.It has been shown that cardiac arrest survival can be directly correlated with the availability of resuscitation equipment and the expertise of the team called to the arrest.4This sample of 30 MRCP candidates, of whom 63% went on to pass the MRCP examination, were unfamiliar with Resuscitation Council (UK) guidelines.Regular training and familiarisation with the revised (1992) European Council Resuscitation guidelines will save more lives.Resuscitation experience without feedback increases confidence, not skill.5There is no longer a question of whether it is necessary to train medical staff in these skills: it is imperative that they have regular, compulsory training in resuscitation.
A Simplified Low Iodine Diet in I-131 Scanning and Therapy of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: M LAKSHMANAN, A SCHAFFER, J ROBBINS, J REYNOLDS, J NORTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A simplified, low iodine diet was developed for outpatient use prior to I-131 scanning and therapy in thyroid cancer. Iodine intake of five subjects on the diet was approximately 50 micrograms a day and this level was maintained for four weeks. The diet required only minimal instruction to be followed reliably. This level of iodine intake may increase radioiodine uptake in thyroid carcinomas.
Chaos and the Transition to Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: James N. Weiss, Alan Garfinkel, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Zhilin Qu, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Abstract —Sudden cardiac death resulting from ventricular fibrillation can be separated into 2 components: initiation of tachycardia and degeneration of tachycardia to fibrillation. Clinical drug studies such as CAST and SWORD demonstrated that focusing exclusively on the first component is inadequate as a therapeutic modality. The hope for developing effective pharmacological therapy rests on a comprehensive understanding of the second component, the transition from tachycardia to fibrillation. We summarize evidence that the transition from tachycardia to fibrillation is a transition to spatiotemporal chaos, with similarities to the quasiperiodic transition to chaos seen in fluid turbulence. In this scenario, chaos results from the interaction of multiple causally independent oscillatory motions. Simulations in 2-dimensional cardiac tissue suggest that the destabilizing oscillatory motions during spiral-wave reentry arise from restitution properties of action potential duration and conduction velocity. The process of spiral-wave breakup in simulated cardiac tissue predicts remarkably well the sequence by which tachycardia degenerates to fibrillation in real cardiac tissue. Modifying action potential duration and conduction velocity restitution characteristics can prevent spiral-wave breakup in simulated cardiac tissue, suggesting that drugs with similar effects in real cardiac tissue may have antifibrillatory efficacy (the Restitution Hypothesis). If valid for the real heart, the Restitution Hypothesis will support a new paradigm for antiarrhythmic drug classification, incorporating an antifibrillatory profile based on effects on cardiac restitution and the traditional antitachycardia profile (classes 1 through 4).
Homotransplantation of a Cadaver Neoplasm and a Renal Homograft
Authors: Duncan A. McIntosh
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Success with human renal homografts in identical twins with renal failure and the development of better immunosuppressive techniques have resulted in more widespread application of this experimental mode to the treatment of end-stage kidney disease.<sup>1-3</sup>An increasing number of recipients with kidneys from related and unrelated donors are achieving one-year survival.<sup>1</sup> The source of donor kidneys has been a major concern because of a logical reluctance to subject healthy, living donors to a procedure with inherent immediate and potential long-range risks. To date, there have been no reports of serious sequelae in a living donor, but their occurrence would seem to be inevitable. The use of cadaver organs offers an acceptable alternative to living donors and has been attempted in a number of centers.<sup>1</sup>It has become apparent that such usage presents many problems including the medico-legal aspects, organ preservation, investigation of histocompatibility, and
Hematopoiesis and aging III: Anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to hemorrhage in aged mice
Authors: D. R. Boggs, K. D. Patrene
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Whether the hematocrit normally declines in the aged or whether such a decline represents inapparent disease in addition to aging is a matter of dispute. Female B 6 D 2 f 1 mice were studied at ages 3, 13, or 27‐28 months, and there was no difference in hematocrit between the younger groups. The hematocrit of 45 aged mice was slightly lower than that of 66 younger mice; mean 43 % vs 49% (p &lt; 0.001). However, rather unexpectedly, the total red cell mass was not decreased in the aged; rather, the plasma volume was expanded. Survival of mature red blood cells did not differ significantly between young and aged mice. Mice were bled 0.4 ml from the orbital sinus for 4 days, reducing the hematocrit of all groups to a nadir of 20‐25%. Recovery of hematocrit began more slowly in aged than in young mice. That this reflected a difference in erythropoiesis rather than a difference in plasma volume equilibration was suggested by studies with 59 Fe. 59 Fe was given following the second bleed, and 1 day later RBC 59 Fe was more than twice as high in young mice than in groups of aged mice. Aged mice that did not appear healthy had been excluded. Aged mice were divided into a group with significant amounts of gray hair and/or patches of hair loss and two groups with normal‐appearing hair; the latter was subdivided into those weighing less (25‐26 g) or more (30‐34 g) than most aged mice. Neither hair condition nor weight influenced hematocrit or response to bleeding. These results suggest, but do not prove, that a mild “dilutional” anemia and a blunted erythropoietic response to hemorrhage may be an expected part of the murine aging process.
THU0244 Additive value of scleroderma health assessment questionnaire (SHAQ) scores over haq disability index values for measuring disability and quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: C. Becker, D. Huscher, M.O. Becker, N. Hunzelmann, G. Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study aimed to examine the association of eczema, asthma and hay fever with mental health in a general child population and to assess the influence of parental socioeconomic position on these associations. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a cross-sectional health survey of children aged 3, 6, 11 and 15 years in the City of Copenhagen, Denmark. Individual questionnaire data on eczema, asthma, and hay fever and mental health problems assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was linked to register data on demographics and parental socioeconomic position. 9215 (47.9%) children were included in the analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Linear regression analyses showed that children with current eczema symptoms had higher SDQ scores (mean difference, 95% CI) of emotional problems (0.26, 0.12 to 0.39), conduct problems (0.19, 0.09 to 0.29) and hyperactivity problems (0.32, 0.16 to 0.48); children with current asthma symptoms had higher SDQ scores of emotional problems (0.45, 0.32 to 0.58), conduct problems (0.28, 0.18 to 0.38) and hyperactivity problems (0.52, 0.35 to 0.69); and children with current hay fever symptoms had higher SDQ scores of emotional problems (0.57, 0.42 to 0.72), conduct problems (0.22, 0.11 to 0.33), hyperactivity problems (0.44, 0.26 to 0.61) and peer problems (0.14, 0.01 to 0.26), compared with children without current symptoms of the relevant disease. For most associations, parental socioeconomic position did not modify the effect. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Children with eczema, asthma or hay fever had more emotional, conduct and hyperactivity problems, but not peer problems, compared with children without these diseases. Atopic diseases added equally to the burden of mental health problems independent of socioeconomic position.
Nail thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography and 20-MHz ultrasonography
Authors: M. Mogensen, J.B. Thomsen, L.T. Skovgaard, G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Nail diseases are often troubling to the patient and may present a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist. Biopsies from the nail may be required although often perceived uncomfortable by the patient and potentially scarring. Noninvasive technologies are therefore of particular interest in the study of nails. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging modality which may provide improved data. Objectives This study evaluates nail morphology and thickness in OCT images in comparison with high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) imaging of the nail. Methods Ten healthy volunteers were recruited for imaging and nail measurements; OCT and HFUS images were compared qualitatively. Nail thickness measurements with four different techniques were compared: ultrasound, OCT, polarization-sensitive (PS) OCT and callipers. The OCT system was developed at Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark. A commercially available 20-MHz ultrasound system (Dermascan; Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark) was used. Results In standard OCT the nail plate appeared as a layered structure containing a varying number of horizontal homogeneous bands of varying intensity and thickness. PS-OCT images of the nail plate also showed a layered structure. The refractive index of the nail was 1·47 ± 0·09. OCT and PS-OCT had low coefficients of variation, 6·31 and 6·53, respectively, compared with other methods: HFUS 12·70 and callipers 14·03. Conclusion PS-OCT has to our knowledge not been applied to OCT analysis of the nail, and offers some advantages in separation of the nail bed from the nail plate.
Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides Inhibit IgE Induction in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: SHIGEHARU FUJIEDA, SUMIKO IHO, YUICHI KIMURA, HIDEYUKI YAMAMOTO, HIDEKI IGAWA, HITOSHI SAITO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs have the capacity to stimulate T-helper (Th)1–type responses in mice. Th1 cytokines are known to act as downregulators of IgE production. In this study we investigated whether synthetic ODNs inhibited IgE production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal donors stimulated with interleukin (IL)-4 plus anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in vitro. Thirty-mer single-stranded ODNs were randomly selected from the complementary DNA encoding the MPB-70 of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guerin. Two ODNs, containing CGTACG or AACGTT inhibited IgE production by human PBMC. When other oligonucleotides were substituted in a portion of the sequence of the core or flanking oligonucleotides in the ODN containing CGTACG, ODNs containing NACGTTCG or A/CTCGTTCG sequences specifically inhibited IgE production by human PBMC in vitro. The inhibition of IgE production by certain ODNs was mediated by both interferon (IFN)- γ and IL-12, since the ODN-induced suppression was blocked by the addition of anti–IFN- γ or anti–IL-12 mAb. Also, the ODNs inhibited induction of ɛ germline transcripts by IL-4. Our findings indicate that synthetic ODNs appear to be candidates for the treatment of IgE-dependent allergic disease in humans.
Caring for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: S. E Straus
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In 1998, the chief medical officer of England and Wales commissioned a working group to advise on best practice guidelines to improve the quality of care and treatment for people with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Now issued, the group's report reflects the good efforts of the scholars, practitioners, patients, and advocates who joined to address this complex matter.1

Given the controversies surrounding chronic fatigue syndrome, it is not surprising that the report admits to broad domains of disagreement among its members. If anything, it is remarkable that most of the original group weathered the undertaking, as there were resignations both among patients who deemed the evolving product insufficiently sympathetic and among academic practitioners who chafed at recommendations untempered by data.

The report identifies the sentinel issues that concern patients and practitioners alike: how one makes the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome; the treatments to consider; and research that remains to be done. Unfortunately, despite more than 2000 relevant papers indexed on PubMed since chronic fatigue syndrome …
Drugs for Anxiety
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Among drugs prescribed by physicians in the United States, the minor tranquilizers lead the list, and diazepam (Valium) is a current favorite.<sup>1</sup>Indeed, our people have been characterized in news stories as a drug-taking society, without reference to the various "street" drugs obtained illicitly. An earlier editorial (225:517-518, 1973) commented on a study by Parry and his colleagues that demonstrated that American usage of pychoactive drugs is consonant with that of industrialized nations of Europe. The authors based their data on lengthy personal interviews (60 to 90 minutes) that sought information from persons 18 to 74 years old about their use of psychoactive drugs during the preceding year. About one third of all adults had used some type of psychotherapeutic agent, and the usage rate was substantially higher among women than among men. Minor tranquilizers were the most often prescribed drugs, and most prescriptions were written by general practitioners
Functional Classification of Amino Acid Decarboxylases from the Alanine Racemase Structural Family by Phylogenetic Studies
Authors: H. Kidron, S. Repo, M. S. Johnson, T. A. Salminen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are involved in the biosynthesis of putrescine, which is the precursor of other polyamines in animals, plants, and bacteria. These pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent decarboxylases belong to the alanine racemase (AR) structural family together with diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DapDC), which catalyzes the final step of lysine biosynthesis in bacteria. We have constructed a multiple-sequence alignment of decarboxylases in the AR structural family and, based on the alignment, inferred phylogenetic trees. The phylogenetic tree consists of 3 distinct clades formed by ADC, DapDC, and ODC that diverged from an ancestral decarboxylase. The ancestral decarboxylase probably was able to recognize several substrates, and in archaea and bacteria, ODC may have retained the ability to bind other amino acids. Previously, a paralogue of ODC has been proposed to account for ADC activity detected in mammalian cells. According to our results, this appears unlikely, emphasizing the need for more caution in functional assignment made using sequence data and illustrating the continuing value of phylogenetic analysis in clarifying relationships and putative functions.