tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NHS needs to do more to meet UK targets on greenhouse gases
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The policy of paying hospitals for the activity they undertake, which encourages patients to be treated in hospital rather than the community, needs to be reviewed to improve the environmental sustainability of the NHS, says the health policy think tank the King’s Fund.

The NHS needs to cut greenhouse gas emissions by a further 4% a year up to 2020 if the United Kingdom’s international commitments on the environment are to be met, the fund has calculated. Although the NHS has made much progress to make it more environmentally responsible ( BMJ 2012;344:e1689, 7 Mar, doi:10.1136/bmj.e1689), concerted action to reduce emissions is not yet on the scale it needs …
Association of germ-free mice with a simplified human intestinal microbiota results in a shortened intestine
Authors: Kathleen Slezak, Zuzana Krupova, Sylvie Rabot, Gunnar Loh, Florence Levenez, Amandine Descamps, Patricia Lepage, Joël Doré, Sylvain Bellier, Michael Blaut
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Genetic, nutritional, and gut microbiota-derived factors have been proposed to play a role in the development of the whole intestine that is around 40% longer in PRM/Alf mice compared with other mouse strains. The PRM/Alf genotype explains 60% of this length difference. The remaining 40% are due to a maternal effect that could depend on the gut microbiota transmitted by the mother to their pups. Germ-free PRM/Alf mice and C3H/He mice were associated with a simplified human microbiota (SIHUMI) to study its impact on gut length. The small intestines of the SIHUMI-associated mice were 16.4% (PRM/Alf) and 9.7% (C3H/He) shorter than those of the corresponding germ-free counterparts. Temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR revealed differences in microbiota composition between both SIHUMI-associated mouse strains. Anaerostipes caccae was one log lower in PRM/Alf mice than in C3H/He mice. Since polyamines and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important intestinal growth factors, their concentrations were explored. Cecal concentrations of putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and N-acetylspermine were 1.5-fold, 3.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 1.4-fold higher, respectively, in the SIHUMI-C3H/He mice compared with the SIHUMI-PRM/Alf mice. In addition, cecal acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations in SIHUMI-C3H/He mice were 1.4-fold, 1.1-fold, and 2.1-fold higher, respectively, than in SIHUMI-PRM/Alf mice. These results indicate that polyamines and SCFAs did not promote gut lengthening in any of the two mouse strains. This suggests that as yet unknown factors provided by the SIHUMI prevented gut lengthening in the SIHUMI-associated mice compared with the germfree mice.
Combined oesophageal adenocarcinoma and carcinoid in Barrett's oesophagitis: potential role of enterochromaffin-like cells in oesophageal malignancy.
Authors: N R Cary, D J Barron, J P McGoldrick, F C Wells
Journal: Thorax (1993)

A case of combined adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumour which occurred in a patient with a Barrett9s oesophagus is presented. Its significance is discussed in relation to the potential role of enterochromaffin-like cells in the development of oesophageal malignancy, and the possibility is raised that long term treatment with omeprazole, commonly used in this condition, could promote this.
AMA, joint commission urge physicians become part of solution to family violence epidemic
Authors: T. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE AMERICAN MEDICAL Association (AMA) is urging all physicians to help stop the epidemic of family violence that has reached staggering proportions in the United States. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, has designated interpersonal violence as a major public health problem that rivals cancer and heart disease in terms of loss of life and cost to society. Physicians in all specialties are already treating the consequences of domestic violence, sexual abuse, and child and elder abuse. Now the AMA is asking physicians to be aware that violence may be a cause of these injuries and to inform their patients (who are victims) of resources that can help them. To heighten physician awareness of this major health problem, and to increase knowledge regarding its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, the AMA specifically has launched the National Campaign Against Family Violence. Details of the campaign were revealed in a press
THE ROLE OF NUCLEIN IN THE ANIMAL ECONOMY.WITH A STUDY OF URIC AND PHOSPHORIC ACID EXCRETION IN ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINE CASES.
Authors: G. W. McCASKEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The motive for presenting this clinical study was found in some statements coming from respectable but forgotten quarters of current medical literature to the effect that the excretion of uric and phosphoric acids rose and fell together, statements contrary to my own observations. While I soon found that the simple refutation of these careless propositions would be very much like setting up a man of straw for the pleasure of knocking it over, yet the absolute and relative excretions of these final products of metabolism, under average conditions of diet in chronic nutritional disease, seemed to me to be of both practical and scientific interest. I therefore asked my assistant to glean from my notes the necessary data from about one hundred unselected cases. The result, as shown in the appended table, was 192 analyses in 129 cases, comprising 36 different diseases. With reference to the exact diagnosis of these
CD40L expression permits CD8+ T cells to execute immunologic helper functions
Authors: Marco Frentsch, Regina Stark, Nadine Matzmohr, Sarah Meier, Sibel Durlanik, Axel R. Schulz, Ulrik Stervbo, Karsten Jürchott, Friedemann Gebhardt, Guido Heine, Morgan A. Reuter, Michael R. Betts, Dirk Busch, Andreas Thiel
Journal: Blood (2013)
Randomized Clinical Trials Need to Be More Clinical
Authors: Peter P. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It is tempting to despair that scientific conditions can ever be substituted for clinical circumstances. Randomized trials were first developed for agricultural research in an attempt to account for the natural variability in plots of ground and species. The results of those trials have been used to produce consistent increases in crop yields.<sup>1</sup> While random allocation of treatments and isolation of variables appear natural in agriculture, it can be an invasive procedure in clinical medicine. The randomized clinical trial requires clinicians to set aside their own judgments, asks patients to accept a treatment that may be substandard, introduces arbitrary definitions of disease, encourages recruitment of patients, and requires aggressive follow-up and unusual efforts to ensure compliance. But the clinical milieu is complex and refractory; seldom does the randomized clinical trial succeed in eliminating or bypassing "extraneous" clinical variables. More than two years after the publication of the β-blocker heart
Hysterectomy Among Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Sylvain Fribourg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The report by Dicker et al entitled Hysterectomy Among Women of Reproductive Age inThe Journal(1982;248:323) did little, in my opinion, except document the number of such hysterectomies performed and document interregional differences in the numbers and types of hysterectomies. Without any documentation of the indication for the hysterectomy, eg, anatomical disease, functional disorder, sterilization, or patient desire correlated with histologic conditions, the report does little more than document numbers without any understanding.  The report perpetuates questions of the possible overuse of hysterectomy and whether the hysterectomies are  operations. One person's unjustified or unnecessary may well be another person's justified or necessary surgery. The woman who has completed her childbearing may desire not only to have surgical sterilization, but also not to menstruate for the next two or more decades of her life. She is as free to make such a decision, in a fully
Relationship of receptor affinity to the modulation of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor levels and growth hormone synthesis by L-triiodothyronine and iodothyronine analogues in cultured GH1 cells.
Authors: H H Samuels, F Stanley, J Casanova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have previously demonstrated that L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) induces an increase in growth hormone synthesis and messenger RNA in cultured GH1 cells, a rat pituitary cell line. In addition to regulating the growth hormone response, L-T3 elicits a time- and dose-dependent reduction in the level of its nuclear receptor, which is a direct function of the occupancy of the receptor binding site. In this study we have compared the relative affinity of L-T3, triiodothyroacetic acid, D-triiodothyronine (D-T3), and L-thyroxine (L-T4) for the receptor with the induction of the growth hormone synthesis and the ability of these compounds to elicit a reduction in thyroid hormone nuclear receptor levels. Triiodothyroacetic acid and D-T3 were specifically examined because the biologic effect of these compounds in the intact rat is significantly lower than predicted by their affinity for the receptor using isolated rat liver nuclei in vitro. In intact cells each compound demonstrated an excellent relationship between the relative receptor affinity, the induction of growth hormone production, and the concentration-dependent reduction in nuclear receptor levels. With the exception of D-T3, the relative affinity of iodothyronine was identical for the receptor using intact cells in serum-free media, or isolated GH1 cell nuclei in vitro. The apparent receptor affinity of D-T3 with intact cells was 5.5-fold lower than with isolated nuclei, which suggests a decrease in cell entry of D-T3 relative to the other iodothyronines. Quantitation of the [125I]iodothyronine associated with the receptor in GH1 cells after a 36-h incubation with L-125I-T4 was 90% L-T4 and 10% L-T3, which indicates that the major effect of L-T4 in GH1 cells is a result of intrinsic L-T4 activity. Studies with dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells demonstrated that L-T3 induces growth hormone synthesis and elicits a reduction in nuclear receptor levels in the same fashion as GH1 cells. The observation that thyroid hormone influences dispersed rat pituitary cells in a fashion qualitatively similar to GH1 cells may have implications for the growth hormone response of the somatotroph cell in vivo to different thyroidal states.
Sex Differences in the Relation between Body Mass Index and Asthma and Atopy in a Birth Cohort
Authors: Robert J. Hancox, Barry J. Milne, Richie Poulton, D. Robin Taylor, Justina M. Greene, Christene R. McLachlan, Jan O. Cowan, Erin M. Flannery, G. Peter Herbison, Malcolm R. Sears
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Several studies have identified an association between asthma and obesity in women. It remains unclear if this association is due to genuine asthma or to symptoms caused by overweight, at what age the association develops, and whether it is confined to females.To explore the relations between body mass index, asthma, and atopy in a birth cohort of approximately 1,000 individuals.Information on asthma and measurements of lung function, airway responsiveness, and atopy were obtained on multiple occasions between ages 9 and 26. Associations between these outcomes and body mass index were analyzed using generalized mixed linear regression models. Further analyses adjusted for potential covariates including breastfeeding, birth order, parental asthma, and personal and family smoking history.Body mass index was positively associated with asthma, wheeze, asthma treatment, atopy, immunoglobulin E, and inversely with the FEV(1)/FVC ratio in females. There was no significant association with airway responsiveness to methacholine or salbutamol. There was little evidence of an association between body mass index and asthma or atopy in males. Analyses adjusting for potential covariates showed similar findings. Asthma was not associated with a raised body mass index in childhood and childhood asthma did not lead to being overweight as an adult.A raised body mass index is associated with asthma and atopy in women but not men. Population attributable fraction calculations estimate that 28% (95% confidence interval 7-45) of asthma developing in women after age 9 is due to overweight.
Aortic Insufficiency Unmasked by a Peritoneovenous Shunt
Authors: Hanan Gur, Meir Shalit, Daniel Shouval
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1983Aortic Insufficiency Unmasked by a Peritoneovenous ShuntHANAN GUR, M.D., MEIR SHALIT, M.D., DANIEL SHOUVAL, M.D.HANAN GUR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MEIR SHALIT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DANIEL SHOUVAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-129_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The peritoneovenous LeVeen shunt is an effective procedure for treatment of intractable ascites (1). However, fluid volume overload and pulmonary edema, bleeding from esophageal varices, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia and possible shunt occlusion have been reported after the shunt (1-3). We have recently seen an unusual complication after the successful placement of a peritoneovenous shunt.A 52-year-old man had alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver complicated by portal hypertension and intractable ascites. His history did not include any symptoms or signs of rheumatic or ischemic heart disease. Physical examination showed a mild blowing apical systolic murmur (grade 2)....References1. LEVEENBROWNDOVIDIO HTG. Surgical treatment of ascites. Adv Surg. 1980;14:107-50. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GREENLESTANLEYREINHARDT HMG. Intractable ascites treated with peritoneovenous shunt (LeVeen). Arch Surg. 1981;116:518-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FRYHALLGRENROBERTSON PRM. Current status of the peritoneovenous shunt for the management of intractable ascites. Can J Surg. 1979;22:557-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HANAN GUR, M.D.; MEIR SHALIT, M.D.; DANIEL SHOUVAL, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1983Volume 99, Issue 1Page: 129-129KeywordsAscitesCirrhosisDisseminated intravascular coagulationEdemaHemorrhageLiverPortal hypertensionSepsisSigns and symptomsSystolic ejection murmur ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-68: Comparative analysis of the miRNome in tumors and plasma from colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Søren J. Nielsen, Nana Jacobsen, Jacob U. Fog, Hanni Willenbrock, Adam Baker, Torben F. Ørntoft, Hans J. Nielsen, Claus L. Andersen, Søren Møller
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a recently discovered class of small cellular RNAs (typically 21-23 nt) that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression through binding of miRNA target sequences in mRNA 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Current estimates indicate that at least one third of the cellular transcriptome is regulated by miRNAs, and that each miRNA has the potential to regulate hundreds of different mRNAs. As a consequence, miRNAs have been proposed to be master regulators of cellular state. This hypothesis has been borne out by a large number of studies demonstrating a causal link between miRNA dys-regulation and numerous disease states, including a diverse array of human cancers. Furthermore, the high relative stability of miRNA in common clinical source materials (e.g. FFPE blocks, plasma, urine, saliva, etc.) and the ability of miRNA expression profiles to accurately classify discrete tissue types and disease states have positioned miRNA quantification as a promising new tool for a wide range of diagnostic applications. To facilitate discovery and clinical transfer of miRNA-based diagnostic markers, we developed a genome-wide LNA™-based miRNA q-rt-PCR platform with unparalleled sensitivity and robustness. The platform uses a universal RT system and thus allows high-throughput profiling of miRNAs from important clinical sources without the need for pre-amplification. Using this system, we profiled samples relevant to colorectal cancer: tumor samples from colorectal cancer patients, normal adjacent tissue (NAT) from the same patients, plasma from the same patients from blood drawn on the day before surgery, and plasma from matched healthy volunteers. Both principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the most variable miRNAs accurately classified tumor samples away from the set of NAT samples, suggesting that the single most important distinguishing factor between the two sets of samples is related to neoplastic transformation. We also define miRNAs that are differentially expressed in the plasma of healthy volunteers versus colorectal cancer patients and we will present an analysis of the overlap between differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma and tissue. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-68.
709 ROLE OF THE SEROTONIN RECEPTOR 3 (5-HT3R) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) IN OBESE OB/OB MICE
Authors: S. Haub, I. Bergheim, A. Spruss, A. Hubert, S.C. Bischoff
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Strategy of acne therapy with oral antibiotics
Authors: Bronwyn R. Hughes, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Oral antibiotics remain the conventional treatment for clinical acne. Greenwood et al.1 showed that on 0·5 g/day of erythromycin certain sub-groups of patients did less well and that 1·0 g/day gave significantly better results. Our aim in this investigation was to assess whether using this higher dose, the risk factors had been eliminated, and to as certain effects of even longer courses of oral treatment. 502 patients (mean age 19 years) were treated with erythromycin 1·0 g daily and topical benzoyl peroxide. The overall improvement of the acne grade after 6 months of treatment was 67·8%. In contrast to lower doses (0·5 g/day), neither age at presentation, duration, severity, nor site of acne was found to affect the therapeutic response to 1·0 g/day. However, male patients did significantly worse than female (P < 0· 01). After 6 months of treatment patients were continued on one of two options for a further 6 months: benzoyl peroxide alone, or erythromycin 1·0 g/day, plus benzoyl peroxide. Patients in Group 2 did not improve significantly during the second 6 months of therapy nor were they improved compared to Group 1. We also investigated 60 patients whose treatment had failed (< 50% improvement) at 6 months. Half were treated with erythromycin (1 g/day) and half with minocycline (100 mg b.d.), Both these groups improved after a second 6 months of therapy but those on minocycline did significantly better (P<0·05), Side-effects on all regimes were minimal. We conclude that with the now recommended dose schedule of 1 g/day all risk factors with the exception of the patients'sex are eliminated, and that if after 6 months therapy there is a successful outcome, there is no justification in continuing oral therapy. Some patients (11·9%) ‘fail’; many of these patients are slow responders and continuation of therapy with either the same or preferably a change of antibiotics is justified.
Early hominins, utterance-activity, and niche construction
Authors: Stephen J. Cowley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Falk's argument takes for granted that “protolanguage” used a genetic propensity for producing word-forms. Using developmental evidence, I dispute this assumption and, instead, reframe the argument in terms of behavioral ecology. Viewed as niche-construction, putting the baby down can help clarify not only the origins of talk but also the capacity to modify what we are saying as we speak.
Septal Infarction Demonstrated on Technetium-99m PYP SPECT
Authors: Charles M. Intenzo, Young B. Koh, Mark T. Madsen, Chan H. Park
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The case of a 62-year-old man with an acute myocardial infarction detected by planar Tc-99m PYP imaging is presented. The use of SPECT imaging provided more information with regard to infarct localization by demonstrating uptake by the septum, a finding not apparent on the conventional planar images.
Women in medicine: the changing pattern over the past 50 years
Authors: Vivian Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The attitude to women in medicine has radically changed over the years. I qualified in the mid 1950s, having previously gained state registration in nursing.

While a schoolgirl, I had seen so many sixth form girls being rejected for medical training, so I decided to take up nursing. After qualification, still dreaming about medicine, I sought an interview with matron to say that I had decided to apply for a place at medical school. Anger was expressed. She gave no support. Luckily I was offered an interview at a London teaching hospital. The candidates were mainly men.

During my interview, the basic contents of matron's reference were revealed. They were damning. Eventually the dean asked where I would live during training. I replied that, for financial reasons, I would remain in my parent's suburb home; I was told that rail travel would limit the time I could spend on studying. I was questioned about my marital status, whether I was still unattached. I was …
Phantom Kidney on Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: DEREK D. M. CHU, ALLAN S. BELZBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 56-year-old woman with a history of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction and previous left nephrectomy underwent renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m DTPA for assessment of right renal function. This study demonstrated a phantom left kidney due to displacement of the spleen into the left renal fossa. A rehogram performed 1year earlier showed the spleen in its normal location in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Cardiac Arrhythmias Following Condenser Discharges Led Through an Inductance:
Authors: BOHUMIL PELEšKA, Z. Blažk, M. Rábl, E. Sládková
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

In order to evaluate the significance of an inductance in the condenser discharge circuit of defibrillators, additional experiments were performed by methods similar to those reported previously. 1 An inductance of 0.29 henry was connected in series with the condenser. It was shown that this modification results in a much higher threshold for arrhythmias than the threshold found earlier with pure condenser discharges. The differences were highly significant and show that functional damage to the heart, evaluated by the number and severity of arrhythmias produced, is less with an inductive resistance than without it. Inductive damping reduced the incidence of fibrillation by two-thirds. In 2160 damped discharges, ventricular fibrillation occurred only 36 times, all in the relative refractory period of the cardiac cycle. Fibrillation did not appear when the discharge was applied in the absolute refractory period or in the excitable period.