tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful endoscopic extraction of a double uncovered expandable metal stent
Authors: M. Lahlal, J.-F. Gigot, L. Annet, P. Deprez
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Extraction of covered metal stents has been previously described [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report the case of a young patient in whom we removed two uncovered Wallstents that had been placed in the left and right liver lobes because of an unresectable Klatskin tumor 6 years earlier.
Diabetes management in a health maintenance organization. Efficacy of care management using cluster visits.
Authors: C N Sadur, N Moline, M Costa, D Michalik, D Mendlowitz, S Roller, R Watson, B E Swain, J V Selby, W C Javorski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To evaluate the effectiveness of a cluster visit model led by a diabetes nurse educator for delivering outpatient care management to adult patients with poorly controlled diabetes.This study involved a randomized controlled trial among patients of Kaiser Permanente's Pleasanton, CA, center who were aged 16-75 years and had either poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8.5%) or no HbA1c test performed during the previous year. Intervention subjects received multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes care management delivered by a diabetes nurse educator, a psychologist, a nutritionist, and a pharmacist in cluster visit settings of 10-18 patients/month for 6 months. Outcomes included change (from baseline) in HbA1c levels; self-reported changes in self-care practices, self-efficacy, and satisfaction; and utilization of inpatient and outpatient health care.After the intervention, HbA1c levels declined by 1.3% in the intervention subjects versus 0.2% in the control subjects (P < 0.0001). Several self-care practices and several measures of self-efficacy improved significantly in the intervention group. Satisfaction with the program was high. Both hospital (P = 0.04) and outpatient (P < 0.01) utilization were significantly lower for intervention subjects after the program.A 6-month cluster visit group model of care for adults with diabetes improved glycemic control, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction and resulted in a reduction in health care utilization after the program.
Functional Left Ventricular Aneurysm Formation after Acute Anterior Transmural Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jay L. Meizlish, Harvey J. Berger, Michael Plankey, Diane Errico, William Levy, Barry L. Zaret
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Functional Left Ventricular Aneurysm Formation after Acute Anterior Transmural Myocardial Infarction — Incidence, Natural History, and Prognostic Implications
Ancestral Exonic Organization of FUT8, the Gene Encoding the α6-Fucosyltransferase, Reveals Successive Peptide Domains Which Suggest a Particular Three-Dimensional Core Structure for the α6-Fucosyltransferase Family
Authors: Christophe Javaud, Fabrice Dupuy, Abderrahman Maftah, Jean-Claude Michalski, Rafael Oriol, Jean-Michel Petit, Raymond Julien
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Based on PCR strategies and expression studies, we define the genomic organization of the FUT8b gene. This gene encodes the only known mammalian enzyme transferring fucose in an α1→6 linkage on the asparagine-branched GlcNAc residue of the chitobiose unit of complex N-glycans. The intron/exon organization of the bovine coding sequence determines five successive functional domains. The first exon encodes a domain homologous to cytoskeleton proteins, the second presents a proline-rich region including a motif XPXPPYXP similar to the peptide ligand of the SH3-domain proteins, the third encodes a gyrase-like domain (an enzyme which can bind nucleotides), and the fourth encodes a peptide sequence homologous to the catalytic domain of proteins transferring sugars. Finally, the last exon encodes a domain homologous to the SH3 conserved motif of the SH2-SH3 protein family. This organization suggests that intramolecular interactions might give a tulip-shaped scaffolding, including the catalytic pocket of the enzyme in the Golgi lumen. Deduced from the published sequence of chromosome 14 (AL109847), the human gene organization of FUT8 seems to be similar to that of bovine FUT8b, although the exon partition is more pronounced (bovine exons 1 and 2 correspond to human exons 1–6). The mosaicism and phylogenetic positions of the α6-fucosyltransferase genes are compared with those of other fucosyltransferase genes.
A quantitative scale of acanthosis nigricans.
Authors: J P Burke, D E Hale, H P Hazuda, M P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To develop and validate a scale for acanthosis nigricans (AN).Subjects were participants from the San Antonio Family Diabetes Study and the San Antonio Family Heart Study. A total of 406 subjects were independently examined for AN by at least two observers. Five locations were examined: the neck, axilla, elbows, knuckles, and knees. Interobserver concordance and kappa statistics were calculated to determine replicability of the scale. Comparisons of diabetes-related risk factors by AN score were also calculated.Only the neck had consistently high kappa statistics, and thus, other locations were excluded from further analyses. Elevated AN was strongly associated with elevated fasting insulin and BMI in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Elevated AN was also strongly associated with elevated fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, and with decreased HDL in nondiabetic subjects. In diabetic subjects, elevated AN was associated with elevated total cholesterol.We have developed a scale for AN that is easy to use, has high interobserver reliability in Mexican Americans, and correlates well with fasting insulin and BMI. This scale will permit longitudinal and cross-sectional evaluation of AN and will permit the evaluation of AN as a trait in genetic studies.
Does home oxygen benefit people with chronic heart failure?
Authors: A. L. Clark, M. J. Johnson, I. Squire
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Patients with chronic heart failure are often prescribed home oxygen therapy for intractable breathlessness, usually via a nasal cannula at a concentration of 24-28% oxygen. A Cochrane Review concluded that long term home oxygen therapy improved survival (although not quality of life) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who had severe hypoxaemia (arterial PaO2 <55 mm Hg (8.0 kPa)).1 However, little evidence exists that patients with treated chronic heart failure have hypoxaemia. A complicating factor is that a third of patients with chronic heart failure may have episodic hypoxia overnight due to sleep disordered breathing,2 which might respond to nocturnal oxygen therapy. Sleep disordered breathing can be either obstructive sleep apnoea (common in patients with and without heart failure) or central sleep apnoea (common only in patients with chronic heart failure). Both types of sleep disordered breathing lead to episodic hypoxia, but only obstructive sleep apnoea responds well to continuous positive pressure airways support.3

A systematic review in 2004 identified only three randomised studies of oxygen therapy for breathlessness in patients with chronic heart failure.4 We searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases for randomised controlled trials comparing oxygen therapy with either placebo or no treatment in adults with chronic heart failure, using the search terms “oxygen”, “home” or “domiciliary” or “long-term”, and “heart (or cardiac) failure”, and we found no further studies.

Thus, despite the wealth of evidence supporting medical treatment in patients with chronic heart failure, unanswered questions remain about the …
5′ CpG island hypermethylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of the p21CIP1/WAF1/SDI1 gene and confers poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jose Roman-Gomez, Juan Antonio Castillejo, Antonio Jimenez, Maria Gracia Gonzalez, Fernanda Moreno, Maria del Carmen Rodriguez, Manuel Barrios, Juan Maldonado, Antonio Torres
Journal: Blood (2002)
Diagnosis in histopathology: A multidisciplinary affair
Authors: G M Steiner
Journal: BMJ (1993)

manifestations of lupus erythematosus resistant to topical steroids and antimalarial drugs.Thalidomide has been reported to be of benefit in subacute cutaneous and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus as well as lupus erythematosus profundus.2AThe mode of action of thalidomide is unclear, although its teratogenicity is well recognised.Care must be taken to monitor for the development of possible peripheral neuropathy.Despite these side effects thalidomide is useful in combating the often disfiguring cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus.
Government publishes strategy to improve diabetes care
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Severely disabled children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to low trauma fractures, which are associated with reduced bone mineral density. <b>Aims:</b> To determine whether participation in 50% longer periods of standing (in either upright or semi-prone standing frames) would lead to an increase in the vertebral and proximal tibial volumetric trabecular bone mineral density (vTBMD) of non-ambulant children with CP. <b>Methods:</b> A heterogeneous group of 26 pre-pubertal children with CP (14 boys, 12 girls; age 4.3–10.8 years) participated in this randomised controlled trial. Subjects were matched into pairs using baseline vertebral vTBMD standard deviation scores. Children within the pairs were randomly allocated to either intervention (50% increase in the regular standing duration) or control (no increase in the regular standing duration) groups. Pre- and post-trial vertebral and proximal tibial vTBMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). <b>Results:</b> The median standing duration was 80.5% (9.5–102%) and 140.6% (108.7–152.2%) of the baseline standing duration in the control group and intervention group respectively. The mean vertebral vTBMD in the intervention group showed an increase of 8.16 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> representing a 6% mean increase in vertebral vTBMD. No change was observed in the mean proximal tibial vTBMD. <b>Conclusion:</b> A longer period of standing in non-ambulant children with CP improves vertebral but not proximal tibial vTBMD. Such an intervention might reduce the risk of vertebral fractures but is unlikely to reduce the risk of lower limb fractures in children with CP.
Enhanced generation of hydroxyl radical and sulfur trioxide anion radical from oxidation of sodium sulfite, nickel(II) sulfite, and nickel subsulfide in the presence of nickel(II) complexes.
Authors: X Shi, N Dalal, K S Kasprzak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping was utilized to investigate the generation of free radicals from oxidation of sodium sulfite, nickel(II) sulfite, and nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2) by ambient oxygen or H2O2 at pH 7.4. The spin trap used was 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Under ambient oxygen, a solution of sodium sulfite alone generated predominantly sulfur trioxide anion radical (.SO3-) due to the autoxidation of sulfite. Addition of nickel(II) chloride [Ni(II)] enhanced the .SO3- yield about 4-fold. Incubation of sulfite with Ni(II) in the presence of chelators such as tetraglycine, histidine, beta-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine (anserine), beta--L-histidine (carnosine), gamma-aminobutyryl-L-histidine (homocarnosine), glutathione, and penicillamine did not have any significant effect on that enhancement. In contrast, albumin, and especially glycylglycylhistidine (GlyGlyHis), augmented the enhancing effect of Ni(II) by factors of 1.4 and 4, respectively. Computer simulation analysis of the spin-adduct spectrum and formate scavenging experiment showed that the mixture of sodium sulfite, Ni(II), and GlyGlyHis generated both hydroxyl (.OH) radical and .SO3- radical, in the ratio of approximately 1:2. The free-radical spin adduct intensity reached its saturation level in about 5 min. The yield of the radical adducts could be slightly reduced by deferoxamine and very strongly reduced by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Aqueous suspensions of sparingly soluble nickel(II) sulfite in the presence of air and GlyGlyHis generated surface-located .SO3- and .OH radicals. The same radicals were generated in Ni3S2 suspension in the presence of GlyGlyHis and H2O2, indicating sulfite production by oxidation of the sulfide moiety of this compound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Concussion and Hypertension
Authors: D. Engel
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Pulmonary edema is a major complication of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which is associated with higher mortality. AP301 is a synthetic peptide whose structure is based on the lectin-like domain of human Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha. The water soluble peptide can be administered into the lung by oral inhalation. AP301 was designed to activate the pulmonary epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in type II alveolar cells to accelerate alveolar liquid clearance. We report the early clinical development of AP301: In the Phase I monocentric FiM trial “Dose escalation study in healthy male subjects to investigate safety, tolerability and systemic exposure of orally inhaled single-doses of AP301” the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of AP301 was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study that started in April 2011 and was completed in October 2011 at the General Hospital in Vienna. 48 healthy young males received escalating doses of aerosolized AP301 in 6 dose groups between 0.07 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg AP301 per inhalation. Lung function parameters like FEV1 or PEF were not affected by AP301. Exhaled nitric oxide did not increase. Physical examinations showed no inhalation-related clinical signs or symptoms of paradoxical bronchospasm. No local reactions in the mouth like severe xerostomia or burning sensation were described. Vital signs, ECG and safety laboratory parameters showed no pathological findings. AP301 did not accumulate in plasma. This phase I trial demonstrated that orally inhaled AP301 was safe and well-tolerated by all study subjects.
Psychology behind optimal performance
Authors: Gurpreet Kaur, R R Kotwal, Soumi Awasthy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Human behaviour is studied across a wide range of people from the emotionally disturbed to the healthy. Study of human behaviour helps to break through the mental barriers, facilitating the performance and enhancing consistency of performance. Psychology has traditionally been identified and studied as a trilogy of the mind: cognition, affect and conation. Cognition refers to concentration, attention, alertness, focus and other mental attributes. Affect includes anxiety, fear and stress proneness. Conation refers to the striving component (the mental processes) which causes an individual to act, react and interact according to an innate pattern of behaviour. It includes the psychomotor abilities which characterise mental processes that have motor consequences. Conation thus includes psychomotor abilities and motivation of the individual, which can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. These three domains viz. cognition, affect and conation affect an individuals performance. For example a small event, even a minor injury, on the match day can make a sportsperson doubt his ability. Thus affecting his concentration (cognition), by causing anxiety (affect) enhancing/degrading his reaction time to perform (conation). Under undue stressful conditions sportspersons tend to have a narrow attention span, often referred to as ‘Tunnel Vision’. Attention may also focus on the athlete's internal thought process which can lead to ‘choking’ under pressure. The present paper is an approach to help understand the effective latent processes active within a sportsperson in terms of his cognitive, affective and conative ability that results in enhancing his confidence, attention span and composure to perform optimally in adverse situations.
Genetic and Environmental Factors for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Onorato Frongia, Cristiana Pascutto, Giuseppe M. Sechi, Miriam Soro, Rosa M. Angioi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The exact role of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in determining type 1 diabetes has not been clarified. The island of Sardinia has one of the highest rates of type 1 diabetes in the world (1). The contribution of genetic susceptibility to the etiology of type 1 diabetes has been investigated in several studies of migrants of Sardinian origin who live in various regions of Italy (2,3,4). However, few data are available on the risk of type 1 diabetes among immigrants of mainland origin who live in Sardinia (5).

To further examine the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to type 1 diabetes in Sardinia, we enrolled all incident cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in the province of Oristano aged 0–29 years between 1993 and …
TCT-668 Everolimus Eluting Stents Versus First Generation Drug Eluting Stents (Sirolimus or Paclitaxel) for Treatment of Drug-Eluting Stent In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Sachin Goel, Wael El-Mallah, Mobolaji Ige, Supriya Gupta, E. Murat Tuzcu, Stephen Ellis, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Mutational Analysis of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational Pathology Study
Authors: Vicky S. Sabine, Cheryl Crozier, Cassandra L. Brookes, Camilla Drake, Tammy Piper, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Annette Hasenburg, Dirk G. Kieback, Christos Markopoulos, Luc Dirix, Caroline Seynaeve, Daniel W. Rea, John M.S. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Deregulation of key PI3K/AKT pathway genes may contribute to endocrine resistance in breast cancer (BC). PIK3CA is the most frequently mutated gene in luminal BC (35%); however, the effect of mutations in helical versus kinase domains remains controversial. We hypothesize that improved outcomes occur in patients with estrogen receptor–positive (ER positive) BC receiving endocrine therapy and possessing PIK3CA mutations.DNA was extracted from 4,540 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC samples from the Exemestane Versus Tamoxifen-Exemestane pathology study. Mutational analyses were performed for 25 mutations (PIK3CAx10, AKT1x1, KRASx5, HRASx3, NRASx2 and BRAFx4).PIK3CA mutations were frequent (39.8%), whereas RAS/RAF mutations were rare (1%). In univariable analyses PIK3CA mutations were associated with significantly improved 5-year distant relapse-free survival (DRFS; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.91; P = .003). However, a multivariable analysis correcting for known clinical and biologic prognostic factors failed to demonstrate that PIK3CA mutation status is an independent prognostic marker for DRFS (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.12; P = .4012). PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in low-risk luminal BCs (e.g., grade 1 nodev 3, node-negative v -positive), confounding the relationship between mutations and outcome.PIK3CA mutations are present in approximately 40% of luminal BCs but are not an independent predictor of outcome in the context of endocrine therapy, whereas RAS/RAF mutations are rare inluminal BC. A complex relationship between low-risk cancers and PIK3CA mutations was identified. Although the PI3K/AKT pathway remains a viable therapeutic target as the result of ahigh mutation frequency, PIK3CA mutations do not seem to affect residual risk following treatment with endocrine therapy.
Systems and strategies for managing the drugs budget in Glasgow
Authors: K. Beard, E. Forrester, A. Lee, H. Burns, M. J Brodie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The proportion of NHS expenditure allocated to pharmaceutical products has risen annually for the past five years to 13.6% in 1997 (£4.7 billion).1 Reasons for this include greater spending on disease prophylaxis, the high cost of new products for previously untreatable diseases, demands of an ageing population, greater public expectations, and increased pressure on prescribers from the pharmaceutical industry. The need for efficient use of resources, which has spawned the new discipline of pharmacoeconomics, is constantly emphasised.2Many prescribers view economic evaluation of drugs with suspicion, seeing it as an unacceptable intrusion into their right to make the “best” decisions for patients on clinical grounds. Alternatively, economic analyses carried out by the pharmaceutical industry are sometimes seen as thinly veiled marketing strategies.3 Furthermore, when new medicines have not been widely used by doctors because of limited evidence of their effectiveness, the media have been quick to accuse them of “rationing.” 4 However, not controlling the introduction of expensive new drugs has had a major impact on health expenditure in Spain.5

The idea of cost effectiveness addresses the more useful concept of obtaining value for money from prescribed drugs within the limited budget of the NHS. Viewed in this way, it would be unethical not to consider the economic consequences of decisions on drug treatment. In this paper we discuss the systems and strategies that are evolving in Glasgow to help manage the drugs budget.

### Summary points

Purchasers and providers work closely in Glasgow to manage an annual drugs budget of around £130 million

Particular emphasis is placed on the Glasgow Formulary and a series of prospective pragmatic outcome studies

Decisions are inevitably compromises based on evidence, clinical need, and availability of funding

The programme involves many doctors in hospital and general practice and promotes a “seamless” approach to …
Evaluation of Therapeutic Response of Tuberculoma Using F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: I-Nae Park, Jin-Sook Ryu, Tae Sun Shim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Background: Monitoring the response to antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment can be difficult in patients with tuberculoma. We have retrospectively assessed the ability of F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to evaluate the response to anti-TB treatment in patients with tuberculoma. Methods: Two patients with tuberculoma underwent repeat PET scans during anti-TB treatment. Changes in maximal standard uptake value (SUV) of the tuberculoma on PET images were analyzed between 2 scans. Initial PET scans were performed before the start of anti-TB treatment (T0), and later scans were performed after completion of treatment (T1). Results: In a 57-year-old female patient with clinical TB, maximal SUV of tuberculoma on PET scan decreased from 2.6 (at T0) to an undetectable value (at T1) at an interval of 187 days. In a 60-year-old woman with biopsy-proven TB, maximal SUV of tuberculoma on PET scan decreased from 4.8 (at T0) to 1.1 (at T1) at an interval of 192 days. Conclusion: PET scans may be useful for monitoring responses to anti-TB treatment in patients with tuberculoma.
Protective value of synovial cysts in rheumatoid knees.
Authors: G.R Genovese, M.I Jayson, A.S Dixon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

Subatmospheric or small positive pressures occur within the normal knee during walking (Dixon, 1966; Jayson and Dixon, 1970a).However, in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis and an effusion, very high positive pressures are produced.It has been shown that a synovial cyst reduces the volume of effusion within the rheumatoid knee by means of its valvular connection (Jayson and Dixon, 1970b).This limits the increase of intra-articular pressure and should therefore protect the knee against pressure damage.We have tested this hypothesis by relating the radiological evidence of damage to the knee to the size of associated synovial cysts. Subjects studiedA series of 24 patients (17 females and 7 males) with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959) affecting one or both knees for at least 5 years were randomly chosen from those admitted to the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases during the period October, 1970, to January, 1971 inclusive.Twelve had both knees involved, giving a total of 36 knees studied.copyright.