tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body weight, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms among college students, 1982 to 1992
Authors: T F Heatherton, P Nichols, F Mahamedi, P Keel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors sought to examine changes in prevalence of dieting behavior and eating disorder symptoms from 1982 to 1992.In 1982, 625 women and 276 men participated in a study examining body weight, eating habits, dieting tendencies, and eating disorder symptoms. Ten years later 564 women and 235 men at the same college completed a nearly identical survey. Similar random sampling methods were used for both studies. All respondents were classified into one of five groups (nondieter, dieter, problem dieter, subclinical eating disorder, or eating disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria).On almost all measures there were significant reductions of problematic eating behaviors and disordered attitudes about body, weight, and shape from 1982 to 1992. The estimated prevalence of bulimia nervosa dropped from 7.2% to 5.1% for women and from 1.1% to 0.4% for men. Binge eating, vomiting, diuretic use, and diet pill use also declined for women during this period. Significantly fewer women and men reported chronic dieting in 1992 than in 1982, and there was evidence of improved body image for both sexes. Subjects in 1992 also reported healthier eating habits in terms of dietary intake and meal regularity. Finally, women in 1992 were more likely to be overweight and were, on average, five pounds heavier than their 1982 counterparts.The prevalence of problematic eating behaviors and eating disorder symptoms appears to be abating. However, they remain a significant problem that affects a substantial segment of this population.
More frequent screening would improve detection of colon cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Examining the colon more frequently than is currently recommended may improve detection and prevention of cancer, according to the preliminary results of a large study.

The prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial is a randomised controlled, community based study that is evaluating the effect of cancer screening on mortality from site specific cancers. Sponsored by the US National Cancer Institute, the trial is being conducted in 10 screening centres in the United States.

Between 1993 and 2001 the trial enrolled more than 154000 people aged 55 to 74 years. They will be followed until 2013. The …
Optimal Diets to Prevent Heart Disease
Authors: John McDougall
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interferon-induced differentiation of U937 cells. Comparison with other agents that promote differentiation of human myeloid or monocytelike cell lines.
Authors: T Hattori, M Pack, P Bougnoux, Z L Chang, T Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Effects of human fibroblast (beta) or leukocyte (alpha) interferon (IFN) on differentiations of a human histiocytic lymphoma-derived cell line (U937) or promyelocytic leukemia-derived cell line (HL-60) were studied. When cultured with beta-IFN (400-1,000 U/ml), U937 cells showed gross morphologic and microscopic changes consisting of clumping, increased cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio, enhanced prominence of cytoplasmic granules, and membrane ruffling. After culture with beta-IFN, the number of U937 cells reactive with B43.4.1 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for human monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, increased from less than 10% of U937 cells to 47% beta-IFN treatment also enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against chicken erythrocytes by U937 cells. The same morphologic, phenotypic, and functional changes were also observed when U937 were treated with recombinant or natural alpha-IFN. The effects of alpha-IFN were totally abolished by anti-alpha-IFN serum. In contrast, HL-60, which differentiates toward cells of the monocyte lineage in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (based on the above criteria), and toward granulocytes in response to dimethyl sulfoxide, did not differentiate when cultured with alpha- or beta-IFN. No consistent relationship between induction of differentiation and changes in phospholipid methylation were observed.
The Internship
Authors: Edithe J. Levit, Charles F. Schumacher, John P. Hubbard
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IT IS INDEED SIGNIFICANT, although not surprising, that this congress should devote one fourth of its program to discussion of the shortest single phase of medical education today—that space of time in a doctor's life which Eugene O'Neill might have called Strange Interlude and which Noel Coward might have called Brief Encounter —but which we call The Internship Year.  And it is this very interlude—relatively undefined —that has been the subject of extensive studies which have evaluated the internship by means of nationwide surveys, questionnaire responses, interviews, and on-the-spot study by qualified investigators.1,2Considerable information has also accumulated from annual results of the National Intern Matching Plan (NIMP).3  We at the National Board have endeavored to study the internship from a different and rather unique vantage point, drawing upon objective data derived from factual measurement of the interns themselves. Our Part 2 examination, given to more than 5,000
839-2 Mechanism of systolic anterior motion and regurgitation post septal ablation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Francesca Nesta, Danita M Yoerger, Michael H Picard, Michael A Fifer, Igor F Palacios, Gus J Vlahakes, Robert A Levine, Judy Hung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus — There before You Know It
Authors: Robert H Shmerling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Autoantibodies are an integral part of the process of classifying, detecting, and, at least in some cases, mediating autoimmune diseases. Since the discovery of the antinuclear antibody more than 40 years ago, it has been closely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Yet the antinuclear antibody is not just one antibody but, actually, many different antibodies associated with a variety of diseases and disease manifestations. For example, a positive test for antinuclear antibodies due to the presence of antibodies to double-stranded DNA is highly associated with lupus nephritis (and these autoantibodies are probably pathogenic in some cases); antibodies to single-stranded . . .
A Second-Opinion Program for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: William F. Renner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Historically, the internist when confronted with a medical vs a surgical option in the management of his patient has tended to have a conservative bias. In the 1940s, when Dr Lester Dragstedt at the University of Chicago was a pioneer with his vagotomy for peptic ulcer disease, it was a rare event when he was able to extricate a patient from the gastrointestinal services of his colleague, Dr Walter L. Palmer.  It was disheartening to learn in the article entitled Results of a Second-Opinion Program for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery 1 that in the case of 88 patients who had been advised by both their primary physicians and the consultants to submit to coronary artery bypass graft surgery, after a second opinion (usually requested by the patient or by his insurance company) it was considered in 74 (84%) to be in the patient's interest to continue
Journal's Aversion to Prepublication Publicity Silences Researchers at Human Genetics Meeting
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ONE OF the most eagerly anticipated presentations at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) in October never made it to the podium. The eleventh-hour withdrawal resulted from pressure by the editor of a journal, who threatened to cancel plans to publish the new findings if news accounts of the presentation by reporters covering the public meeting appeared before the journal's November 30 publication date. Officials of ASHG said that the presentation, "Isolation of the Bloom's Syndrome Gene Identifies It as a Member of the DNA/RNA Helicase Gene Family," was canceled by a team of investigators from the New York (NY) Blood Center and the University of Cincinnati (Ohio) College of Medicine after they received a fax from the publisher of<i>Cell</i>warning that prepublication publicity would jeopardize the paper's appearance in the journal. Bloom's syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by stunted growth;
Severe Side Reaction to Therapeutic Dosage of Perphenazine
Authors: Garth K. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

WITH the advent of the clinical popularity of the use of phenothiazine derivatives in organic diseases and in psychochemotherapy, reports of profound side effects are beginning to appear.1 2 3 4 The following severe reaction to perphenazine was recently observed.Case ReportS.G., a 20-year-old pregnant woman, had been essentially well and was enjoying good health, except for moderately severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Three or four weeks previously, her obstetrician had placed her on perphenazine in dosage ranging from 4 mg. daily to as high as an 8-mg. tablet twice daily. During this period the dosage had varied considerably; however, during . . .
MY OPERATIVE EXPERIENCE IN "PUS CASES."
Authors: I. S. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The following brief recital of a personal experience includes only cases selected from those occurring in my service at Columbia Hospital during the past year. In that time twenty-five cases have been referred to me for operation in which pus in varying amounts was found in the pelvis or abdomen. It will be therefore understood that this is not an account of my "year's work in gynecology," for I shall not mention other surgery for the present. Of these twenty-five cases three have died. But if I add to these the remainder of my pelvic cases I would have nearly fifty without added mortality. I shall limit myself to the consideration of these pus cases alone and shall not mention oöphorectomy, ovariotomy or any other surgery. The organic law of the Columbia Hospital demands that all cases requiring a laparotomy shall be submitted to a consultation of the visiting staff,
Interleukin-6 is an important mediator for mitochondrial DNA repair after alcoholic liver injury in mice
Authors: Xiuying Zhang, Shingo Tachibana, Hua Wang, Masayuki Hisada, George Melville Williams, Bin Gao, Zhaoli Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We investigated the hypothesis that a prominent effect of chronic ethanol consumption is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) injury and compared this injury in IL-6 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Ethanol feeding for 4 weeks resulted in steatosis and oxidative mtDNA damage (8-OHdG) in both IL-6KO and WT mice. However, the WT mice were able to repair the injury by increased production of mtDNA repair enzymes (OGG-1, Neil 1) and check point (p21, p53) proteins and avoid the mtDNA mutations. By contrast the IL-6 KO mice were unable to repair mtDNA resulting in deletions and diminished transcription of the mtDNA encoded protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I (COI). The mitochondrial injury was reflected by decreased membrane potential, reduced levels of ATP, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-induced apoptosis.IL-6 plays a critical role in allowing the liver to recover from significant mtDNA oxidation caused by alcohol. The data suggests that IL-6 activates mtDNA repair enzymes and induces cell cycle arrest allowing time for mtDNA repair.
Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility
Authors: Judy Witt
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The article Postpartum Assessment of Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility, which recently appeared inThe Journal(235:2530, 1976), was most informative. However, I believe that a very important test, the Fetaldex Test, has been omitted and should be integrated in the format prior to compatibility testing and administration of immune anti-D serum.
[218] BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION INDUCES PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND WORSENS SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ASCITES
Authors: P. Bellot, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, R. Frances, J.G. Abraldes, J.M. Gonzalez-Navajas, M. Navasa, M. Perez-Mateo, J. Such, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Stroke and heart attack admissions are linked to cold weather
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cold weather can increase the number of women being admitted to hospital for stroke or heart attack. Researchers who looked at hospital admissions among women aged under 50 years in 17 countries found links between lower temperatures and a higher risk of hospitalisation.

Overall, a 5°C drop in temperature was associated with a 7% increase in admissions for stroke (incidence rate ratio 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.97)) and a 12% increase in admissions for heart attack (incidence rate ratio 0.88 (0.8 to 0.97)), say the authors of the study ( Journal of …
Significance of matrix metalloproteinases in norepinephrine-induced remodelling of rat hearts
Authors: Wilfried Briest, Alexander Hölzl, Beate Rassler, Alexander Deten, Hideo A Baba, Heinz-Gerd Zimmer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Norepinephrine (NE) induced hypertrophy and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the left ventricle (LV) of the rat heart with resulting fibrosis. However, there was no increased collagen deposition in the right ventricle (RV). To test the hypothesis that lack of RV fibrosis is the result of elevated cleavage of collagens we inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) by doxycycline (Doxy) and then measured function and collagen metabolism in the RV as compared to the LV. Methods: Female Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with 30 mg/kg per day doxycycline alone or in combination with i.v. infusion of NE (0.1 mg/kg per h). The activity of MMP-2 was increased both in the LV and RV after 3 days of NE infusion and reduced after concomitant doxycycline treatment which also caused inhibition when given alone. Results: After 14 days of NE infusion in combination with doxycycline there was an additional increase in the NE-induced elevation of collagen accumulation in the LV (interstitial collagen fraction: NE-Doxy 1.797%, P<0.05 versus control and NE; NE 1.113%, P<0.05 versus control) and significant fibrosis in the RV (2.105%, P<0.05 versus control). This correlated with the prevention of the NE-induced elevation of RV systolic pressure (NE: 71.3 mmHg, P<0.05; NE-Doxy: 36.4 mmHg) and RV dP/dtmax (NE: 5500 mmHg/s, P<0.05; NE-Doxy: 2550 mmHg/s). Also in the NE-stimulated LV, the doxycycline-induced collagen accumulation was associated with reduced LV dP/dtmax (NE-Doxy: 13169 mmHg/s; NE: 18849 mmHg/s, P<0.05). Conclusion: MMP inhibition leads to myocardial stiffness with negative functional consequences for the RV and LV in NE-treated rat hearts.
Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection regimens using insulin lispro in type 1 diabetic patients on intensified treatment: a randomized study. The Study Group for the Development of Pump Therapy in Diabetes.
Authors: H Hanaire-Broutin, V Melki, S Bessières-Lacombe, J P Tauber
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 intensified insulin regimens, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI), by using the short-acting insulin analog lispro in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 41 C-peptide-negative type 1 diabetic patients (age 43.5+/-10.3 years; 21 men and 20 women, BMI 24.0+/-2.4 kg/m2, diabetes duration 20.0+/-11.3 years) on intensified insulin therapy (MDI with regular insulin or lispro, n = 9, CSII with regular insulin, n = 32) were included in an open-label randomized crossover study comparing two 4-month periods of intensified insulin therapy with lispro: one period by MDI and the other by CSII. Blood glucose (BG) was monitored before and after each of the 3 meals each day. RESULTS: The basal insulin regimen had to be optimized in 75% of the patients during the MDI period (mean number of NPH injections per day = 2.65). HbA1c values were lower when lispro was used in CSII than in MDI (7.89+/-0.77 vs. 8.24+/-0.77%, P&amp;lt;0.001). BG levels were lower with CSII (165+/-27 vs. 175+/-33 mg/dl, P&amp;lt;0.05). The SD of all the BG values (73+/-15 vs. 82+/-18 mg/dl, P&amp;lt;0.01) was lower with CSII. The frequency of hypoglycemic events, defined as BG levels &amp;lt;60 mg/dl, did not differ significantly between the 2 modalities (CSII 3.9+/-4.2 per 14 days vs. MDI 4.3+/-3.9 per 14 days). Mean insulin doses were significantly lower with CSII than with MDI (38.5+/-9.8 vs. 47.3+/-14.9 U/day. respectively, P&amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: When used with external pumps versus MDI, lispro provides better glycemic control and stability with much lower doses of insulin and does not increase the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.
The natural history of respiratory symptoms in preschool children.
Authors: A M Brooke, P C Lambert, P R Burton, C Clarke, D K Luyt, H Simpson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We studied the natural history of preschool respiratory symptoms in a population-based sample of children followed during the early school years. Current symptoms, ventilatory function, bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (BR), atopic status, and peak expiratory flow variability (PEFV) were assessed. Among those initially asymptomatic (210 subjects), 83.3% remained symptom-free, 6.7% started to wheeze, and 10% developed recurrent cough. Nearly half (46.9%) of the initial wheezing group (145 subjects) became symptom-free, 37.9% continued to wheeze, and 15.2% reported recurrent cough. Over half (56.0%) of the cough group (127 subjects) became symptom-free, 7.2% developed wheeze, and 36.8% reported continuing cough. Preschool wheezers showed the greatest BR (geometric mean 1.91 mg/ml) and the highest atopic prevalence (AP) (43.6%) when compared with the preschool asymptomatic group (BR: 3.39 mg/ml; AP: 23.8%) and the cough group (BR: 2.62 mg/ml; AP: 26.7%) (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.006 respectively). Children whose wheeze had persisted from the preschool period exhibited the poorest ventilatory function, the highest BR, a high AP, and high PEFV. The study shows that fewer than half of preschool wheezy children continued to wheeze in the early school years but those with persistent wheeze display many of the clinical characteristics consistent with a diagnosis of asthma.
The “sum” of my fears
Authors: Ajit Singh Kashyap, Kuldip Parkash Anand
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I was driving hurriedly to hospital, as I was already a few minutes late after having dropped my son off to school. I could indistinctly hear my passenger, my professor (KPA), cursing me under his breath. I was preoccupied with thoughts of irate patients whom we had called to the outpatients department. I increased my speed to the maximum permissible, 60 km/hour, which was most unusual for me, my usual speed being about 30 km/hour. Indeed, I was …
Intracoronary basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in patients with severe ischemic heart disease: results of a Phase I open-label dose escalation study
Authors: Roger J Laham, Nicholas A Chronos, Marilyn Pike, Mark E Leimbach, James E Udelson, Justin D Pearlman, Roderic I Pettigrew, M.J Whitehouse, Carl Yoshizawa, Michael Simons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Reduced heart rate variability and mortality risk in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study.
Authors: H Tsuji, F J Venditti, E S Manders, J C Evans, M G Larson, C L Feldman, D Levy
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The prognostic implications of alterations in heart rate variability have not been studied in a large community-based population. METHODS AND RESULTS The first 2 hours of ambulatory ECG recordings obtained on original subjects of the Framingham Heart Study attending the 18th biennial examination were reprocessed to assess heart rate variability. Subjects with transient or persistent nonsinus rhythm, premature beats &gt; 10% of total beats, &lt; 1 hour of recording time, processed time &lt; 50% of recorded time, and those taking antiarrhythmic medications were excluded. The associations between heart rate variability measures and all-cause mortality during 4 years of follow-up were assessed. There were 736 eligible subjects with a mean age (+/- SD) of 72 +/- 6 years. The following five frequency domain measures and three time domain measures were obtained: very-low-frequency power (0.01 to 0.04 Hz), low-frequency power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz), high-frequency power (0.15 to 0.40 Hz), total power (0.01 to 0.40 Hz), the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power, the standard deviation of total normal RR intervals, the percentage of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals that are &gt; 50 milliseconds, and the square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals. During follow-up, 74 subjects died. In separate proportional hazards regression analyses that adjusted for relevant risk factors, very-low-frequency power (P &lt; .0001), low-frequency power (P &lt; .0001), high-frequency power (P = .0014), total power (P &lt; .0001), and the standard deviation of total normal RR intervals (P = .0019) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. When all eight heart rate variability measures were assessed in a stepwise analysis that included other risk factors, low-frequency power entered the model first (P &lt; .0001); thereafter, none of the other measures of heart rate variability significantly contributed to the prediction of all-cause mortality. A 1 SD decrement in low-frequency power (natural log transformed) was associated with 1.70 times greater hazard for all-cause mortality (95% confidence interval of 1.37 to 2.09). CONCLUSIONS The estimation of heart rate variability by ambulatory monitoring offers prognostic information beyond that provided by the evaluation of traditional risk factors.
TCT-434 Effectiveness and Safety Beyond 10 Years of Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Ablation in the Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Results from a Multicenter Registry.
Authors: Jose M. De la Torre Hernandez, Monica Masotti, Piedad Lerena Saenz, Angel Sanchez-Recalde, Federico Gimeno, Pablo Piñon, Diego Fernández Rodríguez, Marta Sitges, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Javier Zueco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)