tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid through lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways
Authors: Xudong Wu, Luyong Zhang, Emily Gurley, Elaine Studer, Jing Shang, Tao Wang, Cuifen Wang, Ming Yan, Zhenzhou Jiang, Phillip B. Hylemon, Arun J. Sanyal, William M. Pandak, Huiping Zhou
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and affects millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, the exact molecular/cellular mechanisms remain obscure and effective therapeutic strategies are still limited. It is well-accepted that free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Inhibition of FFA-associated hepatic toxicity represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Glycyrrhizin (GL), the major bioactive component of licorice root extract, has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulating activities. GL has been used to treat hepatitis to reduce liver inflammation and hepatic injury; however, the mechanism underlying the antihepatic injury property of GL is still poorly understood. In this report, we provide evidence that 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the biologically active metabolite of GL, prevented FFA-induced lipid accumulation and cell apoptosis in in vitro HepG2 (human liver cell line) NAFLD models. GA also prevented high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipotoxicity and liver injury in in vivo rat NAFLD models. GA was found to stabilize lysosomal membranes, inhibit cathepsin B expression and enzyme activity, inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and reduce FFA-induced oxidative stress. These characteristics may represent major cellular mechanisms, which account for its protective effects on FFA/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. Conclusion: GA significantly reduced FFA/HFD-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by stabilizing the integrity of lysosomes and mitochondria and inhibiting cathepsin B expression and enzyme activity.
The Renal Circulation
Authors: Jay H. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THERE are few vascular beds with such unique anatomic and physiological characteristics as the renal circulation. Although our knowledge has advanced greatly in the past decade, it seems that we may need a man with the imagination and vision of Harvey to explain the multiplicity of unresolved issues in this area. It appears likely that alterations in renal hemodynamics may play a role in the regulation of sodium and water balance and in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure. In addition, the level of renal blood flow may be an important factor in various pathophysiological states. We summarize certain physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the renal circulation. <h3>REGULATION OF RENAL BLOOD FLOW</h3> Approximately 20% of the cardiac output perfuses the renal circulation, an extraordinary amount when one considers that the total weight of both kidneys in man is only 300 g. The maintenance of this blood flow is controlled by
Remission of Cushing's Syndrome After Phlebography
Authors: JOHAN VON KNORRING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 March 1972Remission of Cushing's Syndrome After PhlebographyJOHAN VON KNORRING, M.D.JOHAN VON KNORRING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-512_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their article, "Remission of Cushing's Syndrome After Unilateral Adrenal Phlebography," Fellerman, Dalakos, and Streeten (1) described a patient with this remission. I wish to describe a similar case.The patient, a 58-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital in January 1970 for evaluation of hypertension and a cushingoid habitus. Blood pressure was consistently above normal (mean, 180/110 mm Hg, recumbent). The serum potassium was 3.5 mEq/litre; serum sodium, 146 mEq/litre; chloride, 96 mEq/litre; carbon dioxide, 27 mEq/litre. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids (17-OHCS) excretion per 24 hours was normal. The plasma cortisol (2) level was normal at 8AM...References1. FELLERMANDALAKOSSTREETEN HTD: Remission of Cushing's syndrome after unilateral adrenal phlebography. Ann Intern Med 73:585-589, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SPENCER-PEETDALYSMITH JJV: A simple method for improving the specificity of the fluorimetric determination of adrenal corticosteroids in human plasma. J Endocrinol 31:235-244, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FISHERTURNERHORTON CFR: Remission of primary hyperaldosteronism after adrenal venography. N Engl J Med 285:334-335, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EAGANPAGE RM: Adrenal insufficiency following bilateral adrenal venography. JAMA 215:115-116, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. STREETENSTEVENSONDALAKOS DCT: The diagnosis of hypercortisolism. Biochemical criteria differentiating patients from lean and obese normal subjects and from females on oral contraceptives. J Clin Endocrinol 29:1191-1211, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fourth Department of Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital 00170 Helsinki 17 Finland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1972Volume 76, Issue 3Page: 512-513KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood pressureCarbon dioxideChloridesCortisolExcretionHypertensionPotassiumSodium Issue Published: 1 March 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lytic Granule Loading of CD8+ T Cells Is Required for HIV-Infected Cell Elimination Associated with Immune Control
Authors: Stephen A. Migueles, Christine M. Osborne, Cassandra Royce, Alex A. Compton, Rohan P. Joshi, Kristin A. Weeks, Julia E. Rood, Amy M. Berkley, Jonah B. Sacha, Nancy A. Cogliano-Shutta, Margaret Lloyd, Gregg Roby, Richard Kwan, Mary McLaughlin, Sara Stallings, Catherine Rehm, Marie A. O'Shea, JoAnn Mican, Beverly Z. Packard, Akira Komoriya, Sarah Palmer, Ann P. Wiegand, Frank Maldarelli, John M. Coffin, John W. Mellors, Claire W. Hallahan, Dean A. Follman, Mark Connors
Journal: Immunity (2008)
P19 embryonal carcinoma cells: a suitable model system for cardiac electrophysiological differentiation at the molecular and functional level
Authors: M VANDERHEYDEN, M VANKEMPEN, Y TSUJI, M ROOK, H JONGSMA, T OPTHOF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Murine P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells can differentiate into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes in vitro and have revealed important insight into the early molecular processes of cardiomyocyte differentiation. We assessed the suitability of the P19 cell model for studying cardiac ion channel regulation at the molecular and functional level. Methods: P19 cells were induced to differentiate towards cardiomyocytes. mRNAs for cardiac markers and ion channels were determined by RT-PCR at six timepoints during the differentiation process. Action potentials and individual ion currents were measured by whole cell patch clamp. Results: Ion channel mRNA expression of several channels is temporally regulated during differentiation, while others show little or no regulation. L-type calcium and transient outward channels are expressed from very early on, while sodium and delayed and inward rectifier channels are upregulated at somewhat later stages during differentiation, which mirrors the in vivo murine cardiomyocyte differentiation during embryogenesis. Spontaneous cardiomyocyte action potentials exhibit a low upstroke velocity, which often can be enhanced by hyperpolarizing the cells, hence activating thusfar dormant ion channels to contribute to the action potential upstroke. Action potential duration decreases considerably during the differentiation of spontaneously beating cells. In late stages, non-beating myocytes can be found which only generate action potentials upon electrical stimulation. Their shape is comparable to neonatal/juvenile ventricular mouse myocytes in culture. Finally, we show that P19-derived cardiomyocytes display a very complete set of functional ion channels. Conclusion: P19 cells represent a powerful model to study the regulation of myocardial electrophysiological differentiation at the molecular and functional level.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON INTRACUTANEOUS REACTIONS IN ALLERGIC ECZEMAS*
Authors: H. HAXTHAUSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1940)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON INTRACUTANEOUS REACTIONS IN ALLERGIC ECZEMAS Get access H. HAXTHAUSEN H. HAXTHAUSEN Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 52, Issue 6, 1 June 1940, Pages 191–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1940.tb09911.x Published: 01 June 1940
MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION DURING EXERCISE IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Authors: Wesley Covitz, Casimir Eubig, Raja Jerath, Ian Balfour, Bruce S Alpert, P Syamasundar Rao, William B. Strong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Covitz, Wesley; Eubig, Casimir; Jerath, Raja; Balfour, Ian; Alpert, Bruce S; Rao, P Syamasundar; Strong, William B. Author Information
A NEW VISUALIZING BLADDER NECK PUNCH WITH HIGH FREQUENCY COAGULATION ELECTRODE ATTACHMENT
Authors: Robert V. Day
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Since Guthrie in 1828 first accurately described its clinical and pathologic manifestations and ten years later Mercier devised such ingenious instruments for its cure (which no doubt would have survived had there been reliable means of accurate diagnosis such as the cystoscope), many procedures have been tried and many instruments devised by clinicians scattered over Europe and America for the relief of obstruction due to contracture of the bladder neck, often called median bar. Each has added something of value to the solution of the problem. Fundamentally Young's punch procedure seems the method that most nearly attains the objective. The addition, by McCarthy, of the accessories and refinements illustrated in<i>A</i>of the accompanying illustration make for maximum efficiency with easy workability and delicate control. Superb vision through a foroblique telescope coupled with the last word in construction, workmanship and improved materials, together with the ease by which the bleeding
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PERIPHERAL CONDUIT ARTERIES, BUT NOT PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE ARTERIES, IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Eshan A. Patvardhan, Kevin S. Heffernan, Craig A. Napolitano, Martin M. Maron, Richard H. Karas, Jeffrey T. Kuvin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ROENTGENOGRAPHY AND THERAPY WITH IODIZED OILS
Authors: W. T. BELFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Two proprietary iodine-oil compounds, lipiodol and iodipin, extensively used in recent years for roentgenography and therapy, are now known to produce two harmful effects which restrict their usefulness: first, because, virtually nonabsorbable, they may remain in the tissues for indefinite periods, for two years in one instance; and, second, they may cause by prolonged contact irritation and cicatrix formation.1  We have studied the therapeutic effects of these and other iodized oils after injection into the seminal ducts through vasotomy, usually bilateral, in sixty-seven men, with immediate roentgenograms in all; the viscosity of lipiodol and iodipin renders the filling of the vesicles difficult and at times incomplete (fig. 3). The failure of absorption, observed by others in various tissues, is shown in the persistence of lipiodol in the vesicles and in the connective tissue at the internal inguinal ring (Bogros' space), into which it was intentionally injected by way of
Scabies: another epidemic?
Authors: A. B. Shrank, S. L. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1967)

ConclusionsThe mortality in a series of 25 infants with myelomeningocele closed within the first 24 hours of birth was 12% over the first three months.Neurological assessment of the survivors with particular attention to leg movements has indicated that spinal reflex phenomena are common, and that, though there may be apparent improvement in some cases within the first few weeks after operation, the later results show that there is no significant increase in useful leg function compared with the preoperative levels.Early closure would appear to have prevented the death of these infants, and to have preserved the useful leg movements with which they were born, but not to have led to any significant recovery.
Prevalence of positive prick test to anaesthetic drugs in the surgical population
Authors: E. Tamayo, F. J. Álvarez, G. Rodríguez‐Ceron, J. I. Gómez‐Herreras, J. Castrodeza
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Prevalence of patients with positive prick tests to anaesthetics occurred in 4.7% of the surgical population.
Major pathways of the reno–cardiovascular link: the sympathetic and renin–angiotensin systems
Authors: Peter J. Blankestijn, Gerard London, Danilo Fliser, Kitty J. Jager, Bengt Lindholm, David Goldsmith, Andrzej Wiecek, Gultekin Suleymanlar, Rajiv Agarwal, Alberto Ortiz, Ziad Massy, Alberto Martinez-Castelao, Adrian Covic, Friedo W. Dekker, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2011)
Re-186 HEDP Conditioning Therapy in Patients With Advanced Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Before Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Natascha D??bert, Hans Martin, W. Tilman Kranert, Christian Menzel, Stefan A. Klein, Stephan Mose, Frank Gr??nwald
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The authors present their experience with dose calculation of Retin1,1-hydroxyethylidene-186-diphosphonate (Re-186 HEDP) therapy used as part of an intensified conditioning regimen before allogeneic stem cell transplantation in 2 patients with advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia during the second partial or third complete remission. Kidneys were shielded during total-body irradiation (TBI) to limit the TBI-mediated renal radiation dose to 7 Gy. The aim of this dose calculation of Re-186 HEDP therapy was to deliver additional radiotherapy to the red bone marrow without exposing more than an additional 5 Gy to the kidneys in addition to the TBI standard dose of 12.6 Gy. Pretherapeutic kidney scintigraphy (Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine) showed normal results. Thus, dynamic Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy was used to calculate the expected bone marrow and kidney doses. A total amount of 8.8 GBq (238 mCi) Re-186 HEDP was given to patient no. 1 and 14.3 GBq (387 mCi) Re-186 HEDP was given to patient no. 2. Re-186 HEDP activity was monitored based on its gamma radiation measurement daily for 5 days in patient no. 1 and 7 days in patient no. 2. Therapeutic Re-186 isotope distribution and biologic half-life correlated well with the prediction by a pretherapeutic Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate scan. The calculated effective Re-186 bone marrow dose was 3.3 Gy for patient no. 1 and 5.6 Gy for patient no. 2. Effective kidney doses were 1.6 Gy and 2.1 Gy respectively. No unexpected complications occurred after completing conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Posttransplant kidney function remained normal. Patient no. 1 remains in a second complete remission of his advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia 18 months after HEDP therapy. Patient no. 2 relapsed 5 months after transplantation and eventually died as a result of progressive disease. The authors conclude that Re-186 HEDP will be able to increase the total additional bone marrow dose. In patients in whom the kidney dose is limited to 5 Gy in addition to TBI, doses near 10 Gy can be achieved on the bone marrow.
The effect of hypodynamic endotoxin shock on myocardial high energy phosphates in the rat
Authors: R. M RAYMOND, J. GORDEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

High energy phosphate concentrations were determined in the isolated perfused (in vitro) and intact (in situ) heart preparations in the rat during a control period and at various time intervals (1,2,4,8 or 16 h) following the intraperitoneal injection of 4 mg·kg−1E coli endotoxin. Arterial glucose and lactate concentrations were determined just prior to excising the hearts. Following the induction of endotoxin shock, myocardial ATP and creatine phosphate decreased in both the in situ and in vitro preparations, while AMP increased only in the in situ group. There was no significant alteration in ADP in either group throughout the 16 h experimental period. Myocardial energy charge decreased at 1 h following endotoxin shock and remained depressed throughout the 16 h study period. Total heart weights as well as the wet/dry ratio were unaltered throughout the experiment. The reductions in ATP and creatine phosphate during endotoxin shock were a direct result of the shock state and not due to the loss of myocardial mass or the presence of oedema. One hour following the induction of endotoxin shock plasma glucose increased then returned to the control value by 2 h and remained at the pre-endotoxin level throughout the experimental protocol. Arterial lactate concentration increased following endotoxin administration and remained elevated until 16 h, where it was not different from the control value. Data from the present study clearly indicate a myocardial energy deficit during acute hypodynamic endotoxin shock in the rat and may provide a mechanism for the cardiac dysfunction normally associated with this shock paradigm.
Human health effects of air pollution.
Authors: L J Folinsbee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Over the past three or four decades, there have been important advances in the understanding of the actions, exposure-response characteristics, and mechanisms of action of many common air pollutants. A multidisciplinary approach using epidemiology, animal toxicology, and controlled human exposure studies has contributed to the database. This review will emphasize studies of humans but will also draw on findings from the other disciplines. Air pollutants have been shown to cause responses ranging from reversible changes in respiratory symptoms and lung function, changes in airway reactivity and inflammation, structural remodeling of pulmonary airways, and impairment of pulmonary host defenses, to increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the effects of a small group of air pollutants has advanced considerably, but the understanding is by no means complete, and the breadth of effects of all air pollutants is only partially understood.
The Belgian heart disease prevention project. Modification of the coronary risk profile in an industrial population.
Authors: M Kornitzer, G De Backer, M Dramaix, C Thilly
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project is a controlled, multifactorial prevention trial involving 19,390 males aged 40-59 years employed by 30 Belgian industries. These industries were paired and randomized into a control or intervention unit. In each intervention factory, the subjects from the two highest deciles of a coronary risk-score distribution curve were given individual advice twice a year. A health education campaign was also organized in each intervention factory. In the control group, 10% of randomly chosen subjects had the same baseline examination as the whole of the intervention group. After 2 years, high-risk subjects and random samples of the control and intervention group were compared regarding the coronary risk profile by means of a multiple logistic function (MLF). In the intervention high-risk group, the MLF showed a decrease of 20%, and in the control group there was an increment of 12.5% (p less than 0.001). Comparing the random samples an increment of 25% was found in the control group vs a drop of 2.26 in the intervention group (p less than 0.001). The coronary risk profile can be altered in a middle-aged male working population through mass media health education supplemented by face-to-face counseling in high-risk subjects.
Sensitivity and specificity of hemodynamic criteria in the diagnosis of acute right ventricular infarction.
Authors: J Lopez-Sendon, I Coma-Canella, C Gamallo
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To test the sensitivity and specificity of hemodynamic criteria for acute right ventricular infarction (RVI), two groups of patients with anatomically proved acute myocardial infarction and hemodynamic monitoring were studied. Group A included 22 patients acute RVI and group B, 38 with infarction confined to the left ventricle. In both groups, the closest relation between right atrial and pulmonary capillary pressures (RAP and PCP), as well as the presence of a severe noncompliant pattern (SNCP), were studied. A SNCP was defined as a y descent deeper than the x descent in RAP. RAP was equal to or higher than PCP in 10 patients from group A and in none from group B. In group B, a significant relation was found between RAP and PCP (r = 0.777, y = 0.43x + 0.18) (p less than 0.05), and the 95% confidence limits could be calculated. Above these limits, a closer relation between RAP and PCP was only found in patients with RVI. However, six patients with RVI showed an RAP/PCP relation within 95% confidence limits of group B (sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 100%). A SNCP was present in 12 patients with RVI and only in one without RVI (p less than 0.01) (sensitivity 54.5% and specificity 97.4%). When either criterion is present (close relation between RAP and PCP or SNCP), a high sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (97.4%) can be achieved in the diagnosis of acute RVI.
Patologia rara delle articolazioni
Authors: D. Preiskel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

DISEASESinduce an hypothalami-hypophyso-adrenocortical hyper- activity.In animals, especially in the rat, ACTH and sodium salicylate administered at sufficiently high doses induce the same haematological, biochemical, and histological modifications.These two drugs increase the level of the free and total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in the serum as well as reducing the steroids in the plasma.On the other hand, in man, the salicylates induce modifications similar to those occurring in a Cushing's syndrome, these changes being due to adrenocortical hyperactivity.They also cause a fall in the number of circulating eosinophils after the intake of 6 g., and (in patients who respond to the treatment) an increase in the free and total serum 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and the urinary 17-hydroxyand reducing steroids.This suggests that salicylates stimulate the hypophysoadreno-cortical axis.These drugs may have other specific pharmacodynamic activities on the peripheral tissues, which we have investigated in various experiments.
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Authors: Brian Kaineg, Patricia A Hudgins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

This 21-year-old woman has schizoaffective disorder and a four-month history of vomiting and weight loss. She was oriented only to person. She had ocular bobbing and an ataxic gait. The MRI shows hyperintensity of the mamillary bodies.