tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Neomycin: A Possible Anaesthetic Hazard
Authors: E. D. T. Ross, J. A. D. Settle, A. B. M. Telfer
Journal: BMJ (1963)

fraction of Hb A in the baby at delivery at 34{ weeks suggests that roughly half the circulating blood was donor blood, for the normal proportions of Hb F and Hb A are not altered by haemolytic disease (Ponder and Levine, 1949).This case is the fourth pregnancy on which this pro- cedure has been performed.In the first two the foetus was already hydropic and death occurred within 24 hours of the transfusion.In the third case two transfusions were performed by the described technique at 31 and 33 weeks.Death occurred within a few hours of the second transfusion, and a mildly hydropic foetus was delivered.It is apparent that timely discovery and selection of these cases is critical, and only amniotic-fluid analysis can provide the necessary precision.Amniography can exclude gross ascites, and the persistence of swallowed dye in the foetal gut provides a convenient permanent marker which enables solid viscera to be avoided.There was no sign of trauma to abdominal viscera at post-mortem examination on the first three babies.In the absence of ascites the detection by needle of planes free from resistance to injection of saline has proved a simple method of locating the peritoneal cavity.The prompt introduction of a catheter with generous slack and withdrawal of the needle removes any risk of trauma from foetal or maternal movement or Braxton Hicks contractions.Reports on intraperitoneal transfusions in neonates and infants (Macdougall, 1958; Mollison, 1961; Scopes, 1963) suggest that both the rate of absorption and total proportion absorbed into the circulation are not entirely predictable.In foetal transfusion further uncertainty is added by a lack of knowledge of the combined blood volume of the foetus and placenta, and the possibility of some leakage from the puncture site on withdrawal of the catheter.For these reasons it cannot be expected that the procedure will restore the foetus to normal.The aim of the exercise is simply to arrest deterioration if possible and gain a few extra weeks of gestation so that the skilled paediatric care of severe haemolytic disease is not nullified by gross pre- maturity.
Review of Kerry Lynn Macintosh,<i>Illegal Beings. Human Clones and the Law</i>.<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Katrien Devolder
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Abstract 1. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 286 pp. $28.00, hardback. Notes 1. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 286 pp. $28.00, hardback.
Increased extravascular forces limit endothelium-dependent and -independent coronary vasodilation in congestive heart failure
Authors: Jay H Traverse, YingJie Chen, Melanie Crampton, Shauna Voss, Robert J Bache
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: The increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to endothelium-dependent vasodilators is reduced in congestive heart failure (CHF) suggesting endothelial dysfunction. However, increases in extravascular compressive forces secondary to elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in CHF might contribute to this abnormality. Methods: We measured CBF responses to intracoronary doses of the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine (ACH) and bradykinin (BK) and the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in the same eight dogs before (control) and after CHF was produced by 23±3 days of rapid ventricular pacing. In five of the dogs with CHF the zero-flow pressure (Pzf), which reflects extravascular compressive forces in the maximally vasodilated coronary circulation (adenosine) was measured and found to strongly correlate with LVEDP (r=0.91). Coronary vascular resistance (CVR) at each concentration of vasodilator before and after the development of CHF was corrected for estimated coronary back pressure: CVR=(PAo−LVEDP)/CBF, where PAo is mean aortic pressure. Results: CHF resulted in a significant decrease in CBF and increase in heart rate and LVEDP compared to control (P<0.05). The CBF responses to ACH, BK and SNP were all significantly reduced in the failing hearts (P<0.01). However, after correction for the elevated LVEDP in CHF, the response of CVR to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators was not different from normal. Conclusion: These findings suggest that endothelium mediated vasodilation is preserved in CHF, but that increased extravascular compressive forces act to limit the increase in CBF.
New consent form designed for release of medical records
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The BMA and the Law Society have produced a new consent form for patients to sign when asking, through a solicitor, for their medical records to be released. The form is designed to ensure that patients give informed consent to the disclosure of their records, amid concerns that patients bringing personal injury legal claims may not always appreciate what they have given permission for.

The BMA's head of science and ethics, Dr Vivienne Nathanson, said: “GPs routinely say to us that solicitors ask …
Tacit symmetry detection and explicit symmetry processing
Authors: Jennifer M. Gurd, Gereon R. Fink, John C. Marshall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Wynn's claims are, in principle, entirely reasonable; although, as always, the devil is in the details. With respect to Wynn's discussion of the cultural evolution of artifactual symmetry, we provide a few more arguments for the utility of mirror symmetry and extend the enquiry into the tacit and explicit processing of natural and artifactual symmetry.
Nicotine Induces Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression in Human Lung Cancer Cells via Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor–Mediated Signaling Pathways
Authors: Qunzhou Zhang, Xudong Tang, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Rita Velikina, Shihong Shi, Anh D. Le
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Nicotine, the major component in cigarette smoke, can promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in various cancers, including lung cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in human lung cancers, particularly in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), and is closely associated with an advanced tumor grade, increased angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotine on the expression of HIF-1α and its downstream target gene, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human lung cancer cells. Experimental Design: Human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H157 were treated with nicotine and examined for expression of HIF-1α and VEGF using Western blot or ELISA. Loss of HIF-1α function using specific small interfering RNA was used to determine whether HIF-1α is directly involved in nicotine-induced tumor angiogenic activities, including VEGF expression, cancer cell migration, and invasion. Results: Nicotine increased HIF-1α and VEGF expression in NSCLC cells. Pharmacologically blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptor–mediated signaling cascades, including the Ca2+/calmodulin, c-Src, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, significantly attenuated nicotine-induced up-regulation of HIF-1α protein. Functionally, nicotine potently stimulated in vitro tumor angiogenesis by promoting tumor cell migration and invasion. These proangiogenic and invasive effects were partially abrogated by treatment with small interfering RNA specific for HIF-1α. Conclusion: These findings identify novel mechanisms by which nicotine promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and provide further evidences that HIF-1α is a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.
Antinuclear Factor and Other Antibodies in Blood and Liver Diseases
Authors: E. J. Holborow, G. L. Asherson, G. D. Johnson, R. D. S. Barnes, D. S. Carmichael
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Auto-antibodies have been demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and other conditions.They include the anti-
Ozone depletion and its effects on human populations
Authors: R. Russell Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Concern about the ozone-depleting potential of man-made chemicals has led the United Nations to control their usage. Under the present arrangements, fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons, halons and carbon tetrachloride will be phased out by the year 2000, and methylchloroform by the year 2005. Even so, atmospheric chlorine is expected to rise to seven times its natural level, so further ozone losses and greater ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can be expected over heavily populated areas of the globe. Calculating changes in skin cancer incidence is a two-stage process which must take account of the increase in biologically effective UVB that results from an ozone loss of 1% (optical amplification factor, OAF) and the percentage increase in skin cancer incidence that results from a 1% increase in annual UV dose (biological amplification factor, BAF). Epidemiological data provide a BAF value of approximately 1.7 for basal cell carcinoma and 3.0 for squamous cell carcinoma. The absorption spectrum of ozone and the increased carcinogenic impact of UV radiation around 300 nm results in a value for OAF of approximately 1.6%; thus a 10% loss of ozone, if sufficiently sustained, would eventually increase the incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinomas by almost 30% and 50%, respectively. Dermatologists, therefore, need to look carefully at the environment in order to safeguard the health of future generations.
Are the Eyes of the Offspring of the Blind Affected? Are Their Marriages Fruitful?
Authors: S. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1886)

r-gg 7 lf6 I;ay 26th.Temperature 102.6'.He had no sleep at night, in spite of repeated op-um draughts and eiiemata.HIe was restless and delfirious.The 'uI,tioi, wesstill of a bright grass-groen colour and containipng uni6uis.PFule sniall' and thready.The, ab4omen -more tym,panitc anWd acutely painful on 'pressure.'5e,4#eS' at 3. 0 a.m.o May 8th.' Post mortem examination seven hours after deat,-The body was iibell nourished.Rigor moFtis was present and' well marked there wa,s some cadaveric lividity of the posterior dependent parts, On section, the muscular structures were loade'd with,dark-colo,ired olood.A very large quantity df suibcut;neous fat' was present, in the abao- minal region especially.Th'e peritoneal cavity contained from four to six,-pints of turbid serum with numerous flakes of lympl, floating in it.In plac6s, this sero-lymph had coagulated, and was adherent to. the omentum and 'in'testinal coils ;' the omental fat was very mich incre ed.On' lifting up the mesentery and intestines a cur'ious appearance was seen lying on the floor of the abdomen on the left of the,median line was a triangular shaped mass of venous and cellhlar tissue, 'in some respects resembling an longated and curiously,shaped placenta; this mass extended from about' the lee'l of the body of te fourth lumbar Xrteb'ra, up to; about an' inch below the diaphragm.In this mass tle aor,ta as's, artially 'embedded 'the aorta was otherwise nor'mal in 'sit\iation and gave'off th'e Vusual branches.'On more closely'examin4inga the venous.mass, it was seen that the' qiferiQr venacava joined it about an i,ch'below the diaphram, and, tien was'lost in'the mass: in fact' it appeared to split'upinto' this venouo anastomotic plexus.Up to the point 'where it joined the plexus, there was' no obstruction either in the channel'or. of the lumen of the inferior cava' The splenic, renal, and' portal veins also.joinedthe'venous plexus, and were'very much dilated.There were no *jue., 't' T>rsl*,,,¢o>?tSft;3fplra) 016' sJ044 0f-lo oe te, t.
An Unusual Case of a Foreign Body in the Neck
Authors: Richard H. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THIS report, which is extremely brief, is made chiefly because it presents an extraordinary traumatic episode. There is one lesson to be drawn from it that no member of this society needs to have told him.A few years ago, in June, a group of children were playing on the wide and high piazza surrounding their house. Suddenly a boy of six lost his balance and tumbled head foremost from the piazza into a thick mass of rosebushes. He could not get up and moaned with pain, and his head was twisted at such an unusual angle that some of . . .
Alcohol Consumption and Hemostatic Factors
Authors: Kenneth J. Mukamal, Praveen P. Jadhav, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Joseph M. Massaro, Murray A. Mittleman, Izabella Lipinska, Patrice A. Sutherland, Travis Matheney, Daniel Levy, Peter W.F. Wilson, R. Curtis Ellison, Halit Silbershatz, James E. Muller, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Moderate alcohol consumers have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than abstainers. One proposed mechanism is a beneficial effect on hemostatic parameters, but previous studies have provided conflicting results.We measured levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, von Willebrand factor, factor VII, plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen-1, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen in a cross-sectional analysis of 3223 adults free of cardiovascular disease enrolled in the Framingham Offspring Study. We assessed their alcohol consumption with a standardized questionnaire. Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower levels of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, von Willebrand factor, and factor VII. This association was most pronounced for consumers of 3 to 7 drinks weekly for viscosity and 7 to 21 drinks weekly for the other hemostatic measures. Alcohol intake of 7 to 21 drinks weekly or more was associated with impaired fibrinolytic potential, reflected by higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen-1 and tissue plasminogen activator antigen. Wine drinkers had lower plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen-1 levels than other drinkers, particularly at 3 to 21 drinks weekly, but beverage type did not otherwise consistently affect the results.Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of coagulatory factors, but higher intake is associated with impaired fibrinolytic potential. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a balance between hemostatic and fibrinolytic activity may contribute to the complex relation of alcohol use with coronary heart disease.
Pharmacokinetics of Ranibizumab after Intravitreal Administration in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion or Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Yi Zhang, Zhenling Yao, Nitin Kaila, Peter Kuebler, Jennifer Visich, Mauricio Maia, Lisa Tuomi, Jason S. Ehrlich, Roman G. Rubio, Peter A. Campochiaro
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Laying on of Hands
Authors: John J. Ballenger
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Idiopathic Benign Hyperglobulinemic Purpura
Authors: George E. Seiden, Harold A. Wurzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE term, hyperglobulinemic purpura, was used by Waldenström1 , 2 in 1943 to describe a syndrome consisting of benign recurrent nonthrombocytopenic purpura, high sedimentation rate and unexplained increase in serum gamma globulin. By the end of 1953, 13 cases had been reported, 12 from Europe and 1 from the United States. These cases were summarized recently by Taylor and Battle.3 Since 1953 occasional new cases have been presented by authors in Europe.4 , 5 This report describes what appears to be the second case of hyperglobulinemic purpura in the United States.Case ReportMrs. B. L. was first seen by us in June, 1955, . . .
Increased Urinary Endothelin-1 -Like Immunoreactivity Excretion in NIDDM Patients With Albuminuria
Authors: Yau-Jiunn Lee, Shyi-Jang Shin, Juei-Hsiung Tsai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the urinary endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity (ET- 1-LI) in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients and toinvestigate whether urinary ET-l-LI excretion is elevated in patients with albuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Urinary ET-l-LI substance was determined byradioimmunoassay in 45 normoalbuminuric and 28 albuminuric NIDDM patients. RESULTS The mean amounts of 24-h ET-1 -LI excretion in NIDDM patients with normoalbuminuria and albuminuria were 154.9 ± 13.5 and 174.4 ± 12.9 ng/day, respectively. The latter was significantly higher thanthat of the 40 normal control subjects (111.8 ± 7.9 ng/day, P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The increase in urinary ET-l-LI substance excretion in patients with albuminuria suggests that ET-1 may be a pathogenetic factor in diabetic nephropathy.
Differences in DNA Methylation Patterns and Expression of the CCRK Gene in Human and Nonhuman Primate Cortices
Authors: R. Farcas, E. Schneider, K. Frauenknecht, I. Kondova, R. Bontrop, J. Bohl, B. Navarro, M. Metzler, H. Zischler, U. Zechner, A. Daser, T. Haaf
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Changes in DNA methylation patterns during embryo development and differentiation processes are linked to the transcriptional plasticity of our genome. However, little is known about the evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation patterns and the evolutionary impact of epigenetic differences between closely related species. Here we compared the methylation patterns of CpG islands (CGIs) in the promoter regions of seven genes in humans and chimpanzees. We identified a block of CpGs in the cell cycle–related kinase (CCRK) gene that is more methylated in the adult human cortex than in the chimpanzee cortex and, in addition, it exhibits considerable intraspecific variation both in humans and chimpanzees. The species-specifically methylated region (SMR) lies between the almost completely methylated 5′ region and the completely demethylated 3′ region of the presumed CCRK CGI promoter. It is part of an Alu-Sg1 repeat that has been integrated into the promoter region in a common ancestor of humans and New World monkeys. This SMR is relatively hypomethylated in the rhesus monkey cortex and more or less completely methylated in the baboon cortex, indicating extraordinary methylation dynamics during primate evolution. The mRNA expression level of CCRK has also changed during the course of primate evolution. CCRK is expressed at much higher levels in human and baboon cortices, which display an average SMR methylation of 70% and 100%, respectively, than in chimpanzee and rhesus macaque cortices with an average SMR methylation of 35% and 40%, respectively. The observed evolutionary dynamics suggests a possibility that CCRK has been important for evolution of the primate brain.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies somatic mutations of BCOR in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype
Authors: Vera Grossmann, Enrico Tiacci, Antony B. Holmes, Alexander Kohlmann, Maria Paola Martelli, Wolfgang Kern, Ariele Spanhol-Rosseto, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Martin Dugas, Sonja Schindela, Vladimir Trifonov, Susanne Schnittger, Claudia Haferlach, Renato Bassan, Victoria A. Wells, Orietta Spinelli, Joseph Chan, Roberta Rossi, Stefano Baldoni, Luca De Carolis, Katharina Goetze, Hubert Serve, Rudolf Peceny, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Daniel Oruzio, Giorgina Specchia, Francesco Di Raimondo, Francesco Fabbiano, Marco Sborgia, Arcangelo Liso, Laurent Farinelli, Alessandro Rambaldi, Laura Pasqualucci, Raul Rabadan, Torsten Haferlach, Brunangelo Falini
Journal: Blood (2011)
The origins and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance
Authors: P. M Hawkey
Journal: BMJ (1998)

We frequently refer to bacteria as being resistant to antibiotics, but rarely do we consider what that means. Even the most resistant bacterium can be inhibited or killed by a sufficiently high concentration of antibiotic; patients, however, would not be able to tolerate the high concentration required in some cases. Bacterial species vary tremendously in their susceptibility to an antibiotic — for example, most strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Britain are inhibited by 0.01 mg/l of benzylpenicillin (the minimum inhibitory concentration), whereas for Escherichia coli 32-64 mg/l are required to inhibit growth, a level which cannot be achieved in the human body. This introduces the concept of clinical resistance, which is dependent on outcome and is all too often ignored. Clinical resistance is a complex concept in which the type of infecting bacterium, its location in the body, the distribution of the antibiotic in the body and its concentration at the site of infection, and the immune status of the patient all interact.

#### Summary points

The many mechanisms that bacteria exhibit to protect …
Insurance—Private and Public—a Payment Puzzle
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE ELDERLY shell out more money to cover nursing home expenses than any other aspect of their health care. Even so, a majority can't meet the staggering costs on their own, and Medicare coverage is limited. Faced with an average outlay of $30 000 a year, and double or triple that in some urban areas, many of the elderly in nursing homes are faced with watching a lifetime of savings evaporate within a few years. The prospect seems downright un-American to some people, who have carefully saved money they expected to be sufficient to provide for their old age. Others question why they should impoverish themselves when Medicaid, the federal-state health care program for low-income people, is already covering almost two thirds of the nation's 1.5 million nursing home residents. Attorneys advise the affluent to "spend down and juggle" (see article on p 2342) so they, too, can have the