tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Dermatology: An Illustrated Textbook
Authors: Ernest B. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Rona M. MacKie is professor of dermatology at the University of Glasgow. Her aim in writing this book was "to introduce modern clinical dermatology in a stimulating manner both to undergraduate students and general practitioners who wish to update their dermatological knowledge." She has succeeded admirably. The more common dermatoses are described clearly, and the color photographs graphically complement the text. The tables, scientific illustrations, and electron micrographs are well done and effectively extend the written material. In a few instances the treatment recommended differs from that customarily used in the United States. For example, her antiacne regimen includes topical sulfur, salicylic acid, and resorcin, agents generally discarded here for acne, while topical vitamin A acid is not mentioned. Tetracycline is used commonly here in high dosage (1,000 to 1,500 mg daily) for long periods, whereas in Professor MacKie's clinic the dosage is reduced to 250 mg twice daily after
Can Thymidine Kinase Levels in Breast Tumors Predict Disease Recurrence?
Authors: K. L. O'Neill, M. Hoper, G. W. Odling-Smee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Our previous study of thymidine kinase (TK) levels in the serum of breast cancer patients demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation with cancer stage. In postsurgical follow-up studies of 20 patients with primary breast cancer, total serum TK levels rose with disease recurrence and continued to rise with disease progression but decreased with treatment response.This study was designed to examine whether TK levels in primary breast tumors can be used to predict recurrence and to establish the relationship between TK levels and estrogen receptor (ER) status and recurrence.Eighty-six patients with breast cancer were entered in this study. Tumors were assessed for ER status and TK levels, and the patients had follow-up for recurrence over a period of 41 months. By calculating the percent of TK activity in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or cytidine triphosphate (CTP), we estimated the relative contributions of TK isozymes TK1 and TK2 to total TK activity.Total TK (TK1 plus TK2) levels in tumors were significantly (P < .001) elevated in patients who subsequently had recurrence compared with levels in those who did not. Calculations of the percent of TK activity in the presence of ATP or CTP showed that this elevation was due to increased TK1 isozyme levels. ER-negative (ER-) patients had significantly (P < .001) increased TK1 levels relative to those in ER-positive (ER+) patients. ER- patients with recurrence had significantly (P < .001) elevated total tumor TK levels compared with levels in those who did not have recurrence, and calculation of percent of TK activity with ATP or CTP indicated elevated TK1 levels. A similar pattern of increased levels of total tumor TK and TK1 was observed in ER+ patients with recurrence.The results indicate that total tumor TK levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients who subsequently had recurrence than levels in those who did not. This finding appears to be largely caused by higher levels of TK1.Higher TK1 levels in tumors in patients who subsequently had disease recurrence almost certainly indicate a high rate of proliferation in such tumors at the time of excision. It appears that TK is a potentially useful marker in the management of breast cancer. With measurement of levels of TK, particularly TK1, in breast tumors and serum, it may be possible to predict recurrence of breast cancer.
Role of the Ankle-jerk in the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease
Authors: D. W. Miles, I. Surveyor
Journal: BMJ (1965)

C1q deficiency strongly predisposes to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in humans and mice. We used the model of accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis in C1q-deficient mice to explore the mechanisms behind these associations. C1q-deficient mice developed severe glomerular thrombosis within 4 days of induction of disease, whereas wild-type mice developed mild injury. These findings suggest that C1q protects from immune-mediated glomerular injury. This exacerbated thrombosis was also seen in mice triply deficient in C1q, factor B, and C2, excluding a major pathogenic role for the alternative pathway of complement in this phenomenon. However, these mice did not develop elevated creatinine levels. No exacerbation of accelerated nephrotoxic nephritis was observed in mice doubly deficient in factor B and C2, suggesting a protective role for C1q against renal inflammation that is proximal to C2 activation. There were increased murine IgG deposits, neutrophil numbers, and apoptotic cells in the glomeruli of C1q-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Renal expression of genes encoding procoagulant proteins was also enhanced in C1q-deficient mice. The increased IgG deposits and apoptotic cells in the glomeruli of C1q-deficient mice suggest that the exacerbation of disease may be due to a defect in the clearance of immune complexes and/or apoptotic cells from their kidneys.
Sigmoidoscopy: Rigid or Flexible?
Authors: Michael E. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Letter by Taylor et al,<sup>1</sup>the authors contend that patients with colonic carcinoma above 15 cm whose conditions are diagnosed using flexible sigmoidoscopy should, prior to surgical resection, undergo rigid sigmoidoscopy to rule out a more distal lesion missed by the flexible instrument. They base their contention on their clinical experiences with two patients— each of whom had distal colon carcinomas that were missed by flexible sigmoidoscopy and subsequently seen by rigid sigmoidoscopy. They suggest that rigid instruments may be better able to detect such lesions because of the straightened configuration that the bowel is forced to assume. While this was true in these two patients, overall there are no data of which we are aware that support this notion. In fact, the available data suggest that flexible sigmoidoscopy, in addition to examining more bowel, giving overall greater diagnostic yield, and being better tolerated
Teenagers and young adults with cancer need better access to clinical trials
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The number of teenagers and young adults dying from cancer in the United Kingdom has halved since the 1970s, show figures in a new report. But clinicians have said that too few people in this age group are being enrolled in clinical trials and that the development of new treatments has been poor as a result.

The report from Cancer Research UK said that each year cancer is diagnosed in around 2200 young people aged between 15 and 24 years and that around 310 die from it, down from about 580 deaths a year in the mid-1970s.1

The death rate from cancer in teenagers and young adults fell from 74.5 per million …
Adrenal Corticosteroids in Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Harvey E. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the article by Kazmierowski et al (1982;247:2547) with both a personal and professional interest. I would like to report an additional observation that may be of therapeutic interest in treating patients whose conditions are similar to those described by the authors. I first experienced an episode of Stevens-Johnson syndrome in 1957, and, during the next ten years, I experienced recurrent episodes of a similar syndrome, usually with severe stomatitis and conjunctivitis and, occasionally, including scattered skin lesions. By the time I finished medical school in 1962, these episodes were occurring more frequently, and it was clear that each one was preceded by about ten days to two weeks by an outbreak of typical herpes simplex labialis. Two of these episodes required hospitalization and prolonged corticosteroid therapy. By this time, an outbreak of herpes simplex labialis was followed by at least some stomatitis and conjunctivitis. I
Changing Patterns of Bacterial Infections and Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1972)

No one practicing medicine today can escape the conviction that, since the advent of the antibiotics, the treatment of the infectious diseases has become more complicated at the same time that it has become more rewarding. I am repeatedly being asked to recommend a book which could be read by practitioners and house officers to bring them up to date in this field. The symposium held at Letterman General Hospital last year and now edited by Harold Neu fills this need very well. The topics assigned to the speakers are particularly pertinent to today's needs. Several well-known investigators review their work and bring it up to date: Finland on changing patterns of infection as shown by a review of bacteremias; Jawetz on the therapy of infections with a combination of antibiotics; Stamey on urinary tract infections; Artenstein on the prevention of meningococcal infections; and Louris on superinfections. The last fits
ARTERIO-SCLEROSIS IN COAL MINERS
Authors: D. E. Dickson, W. A. Dickson
Journal: BMJ (1929)

AiTHOr.C(ifl it is now genierallv hecld that the condlitions connected with a miner's occupation, apart fromn its special risks, arec as favourable to health as those-of other mianiual wvorkers, it should noted that after the age of 55 coalI mniners in th-e aggregate die off mnore rapidly than othier occul)ied mnales, while between the ag~es of 25 and 55 the deathi rate is lower.TABLE: I.-
Interleukin 12 at the site of disease in tuberculosis.
Authors: M Zhang, M K Gately, E Wang, J Gong, S F Wolf, S Lu, R L Modlin, P F Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12), a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p40 and p35 chains, has potent immunologic effects in vitro. We used tuberculous pleuritis as a model to study the immunoregulatory potential of IL-12 in vivo at the site of human infectious disease. Messenger RNAs for p40 and p35 were detected in pleural fluid from six of six patients by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. By using an ELISA that detected both free p40 and heterodimeric IL-12, we found that mean concentrations were 585 +/- 89 pg/ml in pleural fluid of patients with tuberculous pleuritis, which were significantly higher than those in serum of the same patients (54 +/- 36 pg/ml), or in malignant pleural effusions (123 +/- 35 pg/ml). By using an ELISA specific for heterodimeric IL-12, we found that mean concentrations in pleural fluid of patients with tuberculous pleuritis were 165 +/- 28 pg/ml and undetectable in serum of the same patients, or in malignant pleural effusions. Bioactive IL-12 was detectable in five of five supernatants of pleural fluid cells stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Addition of anti-IL-12 antibodies suppressed proliferative responses of pleural fluid cells to M. tuberculosis by 36 +/- 7%. These data indicate that IL-12 may play a role in the human immune response to infectious agents in vivo. We hypothesize that IL-12 contributes to the antimycobacterial immune response by enhancing production of interferon-gamma, facilitating development of Th1 cells and augmenting cytotoxicity of antigen-specific T cells and natural killer cells.
Two doctors in Germany are convicted of taking bribes from drug company
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two doctors in Germany have been convicted of bribery for accepting money from a drug firm for prescribing its drugs. 

The two non-hospital doctors were found guilty at the district court in Ulm of accepting €19 000 (£16 400; $26 400) in return for prescribing generic drugs made by the company Ratiopharm. The two doctors have appealed against the suspended sentence of one year in prison and a fine of €20 000.

However, the court decision has been hailed as a breakthrough in the fight …
Compartmentation of cAMP in adult canine ventricular myocytes. Relation to single-cell free Ca2+ transients.
Authors: C M Hohl, Q A Li
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Isolated adult canine ventricular myocytes were used to study the role of compartmentation of cAMP in the diverse functional responses to various drugs that elevate cAMP. Myocytes presented with the beta-agonist isoproterenol accumulated cAMP with a half maximally effective concentration (EC50) of 3.55 x 10(-8) M. Approximately 45% of the total cAMP was recovered in the particulate fraction of digitonin-lysed myocytes under these conditions. With phosphodiesterase inhibition (10 microM isobutylmethylxanthine), isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production was up to 3.4-fold greater, but the proportion of total cAMP residing in the particulate fraction declined to less than 20%. Similar results were obtained with forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase. Treatment with isoproterenol shortened the duration at 50% maximum peak height (T 1/2) and increased the peak fluorescence ratio of electrically triggered single-cell free Ca2+ transients in fura-2-loaded canine myocytes. Isoproterenol dose-response curves gave EC50 values of 1.7 x 10(-9) and 4.4 x 10(-9) M for effects on T 1/2 and peak height, respectively. Alterations in peak height and T 1/2 of Ca2+ transients also showed a dose dependency on isobutylmethylxanthine and forskolin. Comparison of myocyte cAMP content with the corresponding changes in free Ca2+ transients demonstrated a close correlation between particulate cAMP and the extent of shortening or increase in peak height of the fura-2 Ca2+ transients (r = 0.92 for each). However, when these two parameters were plotted as a function of total cAMP, the resulting curves were nonlinear and divergent for each agent tested. The results support the hypothesis that differences in responses to agents that augment cAMP can be explained in part by compartmentation of cAMP. Furthermore, Ca2+ mobilization seems to be most affected by cAMP located in the particulate compartment of canine cardiac myocytes.
OX40 signaling directly triggers the antitumor effects of NKT cells
Authors: Dapeng Zhou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Pathways involving the costimulatory molecule OX40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) enhance tumor rejection. It was presumed that this effect was mediated by changes in DCs and/or T cells. In this issue of the JCI, Zaini et al. report that, in mice, intratumoral injection of DCs genetically modified to express OX40L suppressed the growth of a preexisting melanoma by directly triggering an antitumor NKT cell response (see the related article beginning on page 3330). This work suggests that the intratumoral NKT cell population may be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy and that OX40 costimulation may be used as a unique trigger of the antitumor activity of these cells.
Photodynamic Therapy of Experimental Choroidal Melanoma Using Lipoprotein-delivered Benzoporphyrin
Authors: Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Wendall Bauman, Evangelos Gragoudas, Thomas J. Flotte, Norman A. Michaud, Reginald Birngruber, Tayyaba Hasan
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)
Increased risk of death from measles in children with a sibling of opposite sex in Senegal.
Authors: G. Pison, P. Aaby, K. Knudsen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Longitudinal evidence on the relation between dietary intake of <i>n</i>-3 (ω-3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, <i>i.e.</i> eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in mid-childhood and asthma risk is scarce. We aimed to investigate whether a higher intake of EPA and DHA from fish in childhood is associated with a lower risk of incident asthma. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, dietary intakes of EPA and DHA from fish were estimated by food frequency questionnaire at 7 years of age. We used logistic regression, controlling for confounders, to analyse associations between intake of EPA and DHA (quartiles) and incidence of doctor-diagnosed asthma at age 11 or 14 years, and explored potential effect modification by a fatty acid desaturase (<i>FADS</i>) polymorphism (rs1535). Replication was sought in the Swedish BAMSE birth cohort. There was no evidence of association between intake of EPA plus DHA from fish and incident asthma overall (n=4543). However, when stratified by <i>FADS</i> genotype, the odds ratio comparing the top <i>versus</i> bottom quartile among the 2025 minor G allele carriers was 0.49 (95% CI 0.31–0.79; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.006), but no inverse association was observed in the homozygous major A allele group (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.83–2.46; p<sub>trend</sub>=0.19) (p<sub>interaction</sub>=0.006). This gene–nutrient interaction on incident asthma was replicated in BAMSE. In children with a common <i>FADS</i> variant, higher intake of EPA and DHA from fish in childhood was strongly associated with a lower risk of incident asthma up to mid-adolescence.
Animal Feed Antibiotic Use Raises Drug Resistance Fear
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Pathogenesis of Amniotic-Fluid Embolism
Authors: Olga C. Leary, Arthur T. Hertig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

SINCE Steiner and Lushbaugh1 reported the first series of cases of amniotic-fluid embolism in 1941, there has been increasing interest in the subject. The following study of 14 placentas is offered because these placentas show the presence of amniotic squamous cells in abnormal locations. Hence, these observations may throw some light on the manner in which amniotic fluid enters the maternal circulation.The placenta that first roused interest was sent to the Boston Lying-in Hospital from the delivery room at St. Margaret's Hospital by Dr. Edmund L. Carey because of its singular appearance. The membranes were intact except for a . . .
Experimental Study on Effect of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Bronchial Mucosa
Authors: E. E. Rockey, F. D. Speer, S. A. Thompson, K. J. Ahn, T. Hirose
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A study was undertaken to determine whether or not repeated applications of cigarette smoke condensate to the bronchial mucosa would be capable of producing progressive proliferative changes, including carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. One-fourth of 1 cc. of cigarette smoke condensate was applied to the mesial wall of the left primary bronchus of 130 dogs, 3 to 5 times weekly. In 25 dogs the same area was submitted to rubbing manipulations. The bronchial mucosa of 27 nontreated dogs was also examined. The changes were followed up by repeated mucosal biopsies and by autopsies. Papilloma was produced in 2, precancerous changes in 25, carcinoma in situ in 3, and invasive carcinoma in 1 of of the 130 dogs treated with cigarette smoke condensate.
Should "legal highs" be regulated as medicinal products?
Authors: M. Evans-Brown, M. A. Bellis, J. McVeigh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In the United Kingdom legislators are using the term “legal highs” as shorthand for emerging psychoactive substances that are not controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 but that in their opinion cause similar harm to those that are.1 It assumes defined causal links between the use of such substances and serious harm to individuals and society. This is compounded by anecdotal accounts in the media of widespread use and (suspected) serious adverse drug reactions that are presented as typical experiences. The term is misleading in defining the problem and its solution, to the exclusion of other policy measures that may be more effective and efficient, such as the medicines regulatory framework.

In such an environment fear and panic can weaken the ability to collect the valid and precise data needed for risk assessments—it is of limited value if we can’t discriminate between pharmacological effects, nocebo (undesirable placebo) effects, or other causes.2 3 The opportunity for rational debate and effective policy making is also limited.4 Policy measures that reflect such errors may be regarded as disproportionate and illegitimate by the sections of society that are the intended focus, which in turn could bring …
FORMULA FOR ESTIMATING NUMBER OF CUBIC CENTIMETERS OF STANDARDIZED BACTERIAL EMULSION TO MAKE BACTERIAL VACCINE OF KNOWN STRENGTH
Authors: Jennie G. Drennan
Journal: JAMA (1923)

As many bacteriologic workers are notoriously poor mathematicians, perhaps a formula for the estimation of the correct number of cubic centimeters of a standardized bacterial emulsion necessary to be added to a certain number of cubic centimeters of a saline or oil solution to make a vaccine of a known number of bacteria per cubic centimeter may be helpful. Example: Thirty cubic centimeters of a vaccine, each cubic centimeter of which shall contain 500,000,000 bacteria, is required to be made from an emulsion, each cubic centimeter of which contains 10,000,000,000 bacteria. By mathematical calculation it will be found that this vaccine must be made up to 28.5 c.c. of saline solution + 1.5 cc. of the 10,000,000,000 standardized bacterial emulsion. As the resulting vaccine must consist of 30 c.c., then this 1.5 c.c. must be subtracted from the 30 c.c., giving 28.5 cc. of saline, to which the 1.5 are added.