tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geographic differences in the epidemiological features of HCV infection in Korea
Authors: Kyung-Ah Kim, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Eun Sun Jang, Young Seok Kim, Youn Jae Lee, Eun Uk Jung, In Hee Kim, Sung Bum Cho, Mee-Kyung Kee, Chun Kang
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Background/Aims The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea exhibits significant geographic variation, with it being higher in Busan and Jeonam than in other areas. The reason for this intranational geographic difference was investigated in this study by conducting a comparative analysis of the risk factors related to HCV infection among three geographic areas: the capital (Seoul), Busan, and the province of Jeolla. Methods In total, 990 patients with chronic HCV infection were prospectively enrolled at 5 university hospitals located in Seoul (n=374), Busan (n=264), and Jeolla (n=352). A standardized questionnaire survey on the risk factors for HCV infection was administered to these three groups of patients, and a comparative analysis of the findings was performed. Results The analysis revealed significant regional differences in exposure to the risk factors of HCV infection. By comparison with patients in Seoul as a control group in the multivariate analysis, patients in Busan had significantly more experience of invasive medical procedures, acupuncture, cosmetic procedures, and multiple sex partners. In contrast, patients in Jeolla were significantly older, and they had a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma, a lower prevalence of multiple sex partners, and had experienced fewer invasive procedures. Conclusions There was a significant geographic difference in the exposure to potential risk factors of HCV infection between patients from the three studied regions. This may explain the regional variation of the prevalence of HCV infection in Korea, and should be taken into account when planning strategies for the prevention and management of HCV infection. Keywords: Hepatitis C; Korea; Epidemiology; Geographic variation
AUTOMATIC, OPERATOR VERIFIED QUANTITATIVE PROGRAM FOR. REST/STRESS TECHNETIUM-99m SESTAMIBI MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SPECT: A MULTICENTER TRIAL VALIDATION
Authors: K Van Train, J Areeda, B Garcia, H Klat, CD Cooke, GT Silagan, T Bateman, J Ziffer, EG DePuey, D Fink-Bennett, K Cloninger, J Maddahi, DS Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Van Train, K; Areeda, J; Garcia, B; Klat, H; Cooke, CD; Silagan, GT; Bateman, T; Ziffer, J; DePuey, EG; Fink-Bennett, D; Cloninger, K; Maddahi, J; Berman, DS Author Information
How Gravely Ill Becomes Dying
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"No win, no fee" system is proving costly to NHS, report says
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Around half the £195m (€233m; $306m) legal costs that the NHS in England paid out in 2010-11 for claimants who won clinical negligence cases went on “no win, no fee” lawyers’ success fees and refunds of premiums paid by claimants to insure against the cost of losing, calculations by the Ministry of Justice indicate.

The figures are based on a sample of cases that found that success fees accounted for 34% of claimants’ legal costs paid by the NHS and so called “after the event” insurance premiums for 17%.

If the figures for the sample are representative of cases in general—which …
Abstract 1700: An improved synthesis and mutagenicity studies of <i>O2</i>-[4-(3-pyridyl-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine, the major adduct formed by tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Krishnegowda Gowdahalli, Arun K. Sharma, Jacek Krzeminski, Dhimant Desai, Jyh-Ming Lin, A.S. Prakasha Gowda, Thomas E. Spratt, Shantu Amin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Among the four pyridyloxobutyl (POB)-DNA adducts formed in the lung and liver of rats treated with tobacco specific nitrosamines [N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)], the O2-[4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobut-1-yl]thymidine (O2-POB-dThd) has been found to be the most persistent. It is an important biomarker to assess the human exposure to these carcinogens and also serves as a useful precursor for the synthesis of site-specifically modified oligomers required for mutagenicity studies. The only synthetic method reported for O2-POB-dThd requires repeated HPLC purifications and could only be used to prepare an analytical standard due to very low yield (0.4%). Our continued efforts have now led to the development of an efficient method for the total synthesis of O2-POB-dThd and its site-specifically adducted oligonucleotides. The synthesis of O2-POB-dThd was achieved by optimizing reaction between O2-5′-anhydrothymidine and sodium salt of 4-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-ol, followed by deprotection of the dithiane group. The product was characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, and COSY spectra), MS, and HPLC analysis. This synthetic strategy provided for the first time a reliable method for a gram scale total synthesis of O2-POB-dThd that allowed for solid state site-specifically adducted oligomer synthesis. O2-POB-dThd was converted to its phosphoramidite and subsequently used for the synthesis of the oligomer by standard methods. The oligomer was characterized by MS and HPLC analysis. We examined the in vitro kinetics of the synthesized oligomer with the Klenow fragment of E. Coli DNA polymerase I with the exonuclease activity inactivated (Kf(exo-)) and human DNA polymerasesl eta, kappa, and iota). O2-POB-dThd was replicated in a mutagenic manner with with Kf(exo-)and human pol eta and was unreactive with pol kappa and iota. In summary, highly facile syntheses of O2-POB-dThd and its site-specifically adducted oligonucleotide are developed. The study will facilitate elucidation of mechanistic aspects and mutagenic potential of O2-POB-dThd adduct, and will provide further insight into the role it plays in inducing cancers in smokers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1700.
Population-Level Evidence for an Autoimmune Etiology of Epilepsy
Authors: Mei-Sing Ong, Isaac S. Kohane, Tianxi Cai, Mark P. Gorman, Kenneth D. Mandl
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Epilepsy is a debilitating condition, often with neither a known etiology nor an effective treatment. Autoimmune mechanisms have been increasingly identified.To conduct a population-level study investigating the relationship between epilepsy and several common autoimmune diseases.A retrospective population-based study using claims from a nationwide employer-provided health insurance plan in the United States. Participants were beneficiaries enrolled between 1999 and 2006 (N = 2 518 034).We examined the relationship between epilepsy and 12 autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, Sjögren syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and celiac disease.The risk of epilepsy was significantly heightened among patients with autoimmune diseases (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 3.6-4.0; P < .001) and was especially pronounced in children (5.2; 4.1-6.5; P < .001). Elevated risk was consistently observed across all 12 autoimmune diseases.Epilepsy and autoimmune disease frequently co-occur; patients with either condition should undergo surveillance for the other. The potential role of autoimmunity must be given due consideration in epilepsy so that we are not overlooking a treatable cause.
Abstract 24: A genetic model of metastatic evolution: Driver and passenger mutations affect metastatic fitness
Authors: Christopher D. McFarland, Jacob G. Scott, David Basanta, Alexander R. A. Anderson, Leonid A. Mirny
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The metastatic process requires that cells accomplish two feats: 1) migrate from the primary tumor into the blood stream and arrest in foreign stroma, and 2) grow from a colony of only a few cells into a metastasis of macroscopic size. This second step is highly inefficient for reasons not well understood. Our previous research in tumorigenesis found that many mildly deleterious passenger mutations accumulate in cancer and can influence neoplastic progression, yet the effect of these mutations in metastatic evolution has not been studied. Methods: We developed a model of somatic evolution of neoplastic progressions and metastatic growth. Using a modified Gillespie algorithm, individual cells in our model stochastically divide and die, occasionally acquiring advantageous driver mutations or mildly deleterious (for cancer) passenger mutations. The rate of cell division and death depend on the collective effect of accumulated passenger and driver mutations. Evolutionary pressures lead to clonal expansion and occasionally carcinogenesis. In our in silico experiments, aliquots of cells were taken from successful primary tumors and “injected” into a new micro-environment with new stromal interactions, where they were assayed for metastatic success. This allowed us to track the entire evolutionary history of metastatic cells and genomic determinants of their success. Results: Accumulation of passengers during tumorigenesis as well as metastatic progression frequently prevents initial colonies and micrometastases from developing into metastatic tumors. The population bottleneck experienced during colony formation accelerates the accumulation of deleterious passenger mutations in cancerous populations. We find that in the model, metastatic efficiency depends heavily on primary tumor size, age, and genetic diversity in a manner consistent with clinical observations. A favorable stromal environment was also critical for metastatic success. Surprisingly, we found that as the total number of mutations in neoplastic cells increased, metastatic efficiency, on average, decreased as many of these additional mutations were deleterious passengers. Conclusions: Accumulation of deleterious passenger mutations helps explain metastatic inefficiency after extravasation, as well as many other features of metastasis. Our model makes several novel predictions testable in vivo_most notably that increased mutational load may prevent or impede metastasis. Cancer treatments exploiting the deleterious effects of passenger mutations may prevent metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 24. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-24
Angiotensin II in essential hypertension.
Authors: D G Beevers, J J Morton, C S Nelson, P L Padfield, M Titterington, M Tree
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (PAC) were measured in a group of 146 hypertensive patients (diastolic pressure greater than 105 mm Hg) who had no apparent underlying cause for their condition and 113 randomly selected normotensive controls (diastolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg). There was no evidence of bimodality in the frequency distribution curves for plasma angiotensin II concentrations among the hypertensive patients. It was concluded that hypertension associated with low angiotensin II concentration and by implication "low-renin" hypertension is not a condition separate from essential hypertension.
The Use of Blood Cultures-Reply
Authors: Richard R. Wajbort
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the response to our article by Dr Gutow and wish to comment on the important point he makes concerning the appropriate utilization and cost of blood cultures. Although the blood culture is one of the most important and thoroughly studied clinical laboratory procedures and consensus recommendations exist for collection of specimens (two or three 20-mL samples in adults per septic episode), Schifman et al<sup>1</sup>published data from three teaching hospitals (including our hospital) showing poor compliance with the consensus recommendations. The data showed that only a single blood culture was collected in a significant number of patients (7.7%, 30.6%, and 52% in the three hospitals). In one of the hospitals, a survey of attending physicians, asking why the solitary blood culture was performed or if it was indicated, found that 30.2% of these solitary blood cultures were not indicated (conversely, 59.8% were indicated). One can
"Medical Clearance" and the "Last Hurdle"
Authors: SCOTT G. KIRBY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1988"Medical Clearance" and the "Last Hurdle"SCOTT G. KIRBY, M.D.SCOTT G. KIRBY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-495_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It is common practice to require "medical clearance" of any patient presenting to an emergency department with delirium or acute psychosis before psychiatric evaluation. This clearance is also frequently demanded for patients in whom there is only the remotest possibility of finding a medical cause for their abnormal behavior. The future for psychiatric medicine predicted by Dr. McHugh (1) has prompted me to reconsider this practice, and I now wonder if such arbitrarily sequential evaluation is still appropriate.I certainly recognize the practical concern of having a septic patient, who is coincidentally delirious, inadvertently admitted to a...Reference1. MCHUGH P. William Osler and the new psychiatry. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:914-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SCOTT G. KIRBY, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1988Volume 108, Issue 3Page: 495-495KeywordsBehaviorDeliriumEmergency departmentForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Measurement of Iron Stores Using Deferoxamine
Authors: STANLEY P. BALCERZAK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Deferoxamine (DFO)-induced urinary iron excretion was evaluated as a test for the measurement of iron stores. Iron stores were assessed by both phlebotomy and histologic techniques or by histologic methods alone. A close linear correlation was found between DFO-provoked sideruria and iron mobilizable by phlebotomy. Post-DFO urinary iron excretion greater than 2,200 µg/24 hr indicated iron excess with a high degree of probability. After DFO, sideruria less than 600 µg/24 hr frequently signaled iron deficiency. Most subjects with normal iron stores fell between these two extremes. Several findings, however, indicated that the amount of iron excreted in urine after DFO was not related entirely to iron store size. The iron stores of 11 normal men were measured by phlebotomy and were found to average 687 mg with a range of 130 to 1,900 mg.
An Address ON SOME LATTER-DAY INTRUSIONS OF THE SURGEON ON THE ABDOMEN: Delivered before the Southern Branch of the British Medical Association at Portsmouth
Authors: C. P. Childe
Journal: BMJ (1911)

IT has been customary for the president to inflict an -address on the members at the annual meeting.With *your permission I propose to take as my subject some warrantable intrusions of the surgeon on the abdomen of recent years-in other words, to define what appears to me to be the legitimate role of surgery in the more common abdominal diseases.Inasmuch as most ab- dominal cases in the first instance come under the care of the general practitioner, the proposition which I intend to submait to you to-day as to when and in whatcircum- *stanees the surgeon's assistance is indicated should be of interest to the majority of my audience.There is no doubt that during the last quarter of a century the surgeon has become a somewhat pushful intruder on every domain of medicine, and nowhere has his enterprise been more conspicuous than in the abdomen.If we cast back twenty-five years, the abdomen was almost exclu- sively the physician's preserve, practically the only surgical interference within it being the removal of ovarian cysts, and that so rarely that such operations were regarded .asquite an event in hospital practice, and would draw large .audiences to witness them.As soon, however, as the Listerian system of treating wounds revealed to the surgeon the safety of entering the abdomen, he proceeded without scruple to annex his neighbour's vineyard, and I think it cannot be gainsaid that the net result has been an enor- mlous saving of human life and alleviation of human suffer- ing.Nevertheless, all good things come to an end, and the ever-swinging pendulum of science seems destined in the not distant future to give the physician back his own, and that perhaps with compound interest.I allude, of course, to the recent introduction of serums and vaccines, and various other treatments of a character menacing to the surgeon, which, should they fructify to the extent their .advocatesbelieve them capable of, will not only restore to the physician and pathologist their stolen perquisites, but may even lead to the almost total extinction of the surgeon.The passing of the surgeon, should it occur, will, I think, .beacknowledged to be a great gain to the community at
TREATMENT OF CONTRACTIONS OR STENOSIS OF THE UTERINE CANAL.
Authors: WILLIAM A. B. SELLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Contracted condition of the uterine canal has been treated by various methods. The slitting up of the cervix is a very unsatisfactory operation, as well as a dangerous one. The enlargement of the canal by means of the sharp curette is uncertain in its results, as the instrument merely scrapes furrows in the tissues and the part soon returns to its previous small caliber. I have attempted to obviate this by imparting a circular motion to the instrument during the operation and, by this means, reaming out the dense tissue at the point of contraction. Hundreds, yes, thousands of women suffer from dysmenorrhea on account of the uterine canal being contracted at some point. The condition may be acquired or congenital. After amputation of the neck of the uterus, the external os frequently contracts to such an extent that we fail to pass our smallest probe. I intend in this
Psychosomatic Study of 60 Patients with Vertigo
Authors: M. Rigatelli, L. Casolari, G. Bergamini, G. Guidetti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The authors examined 60 consecutive patients hospitalized in Modena University Otorhinolaryngological Clinic for vertigo by means of an interview and of three self-rating scales (Zung's SDS, SAS and the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire). The control group was composed of an equal number of patients hospitalized in the same ward and period for different nonsurgical otiatric diseases; the two groups were matched for age, sex, residential area, sociocultural conditions, duration of hospitalization and disease. According to the clinical diagnosis carried out when discharged from hospital, the patients where divided into five groups (Ménière's disease, neuronitis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, neurosensorial deafness, nucleoreticular syndrome of Ararslan). The data regarding depression (MHQ and SDS), anxiety (MHQ and SAS), neuroticism, somatization (MHQ) and the prevailing of hysterical personality traits in women (MHQ) resulted particularly relevant from a statistical viewpoint (p less than 0.01).
Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia in Asymptomatic Hungarian and Italian Populations
Authors: R. Cheli, L. Simon, H. Aste, I.A. Figus, G. Nicolo, A. Bajtai, R. Puntoni
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

The histological patterns of the gastric mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy were evaluated in two different ethnic groups, each containing one hundred patients without gastro-intestinal diseases. The incidence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia increased with age in both groups, revealing a statistically significant difference above 60 years. The comparative study of gastric cancer death rates in the two population groups showed a significant prevalence in the Hungarians above 50 years. This fact seems to support the hypothesis that an ethnic group with high gastric cancer rate has a higher prevalence of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in the older age groups, and offers additional evidence for the association of chronic inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa with malignant gastric tumors.
Administration of interleukin-2 induces major histocompatibility complex class II expression on the biliary epithelial cells, possibly through endogenous interferon-γ production
Authors: Hiromi Himeno, Toshiji Saibara, Saburo Onishi, Yasutake Yamamoto, Hideaki Enzan
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

In various organ-specific autoimmune diseases, aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on each target epithelial cell has been reported. Some researchers have attempted to link this phenomenon to the antigen-presenting capacity and the induction of autoimmunity, whereas others think it might serve as a peripheral mechanism for the induction and the maintenance of self-tolerance in autoreactive T cells. In this study, we showed that intraperitoneal administration of interleukin-2 (1.2 x 10(6) IU/kg) to 4-wk-old male BALB/c mice for 35 consecutive days induced lymphocyte infiltration around bile ducts in the liver and major histocompatibility complex class II expression on biliary epithelial cells, which was immunoelectron microscopically confined to the luminal cell surface. Immunohistochemically, lymphocytes accumulating around bile ducts were mainly T cells, positive for CD3, L3T4 and H-2 class II molecules, and a few of them were positive for Lyt-2 and negative for immunoglobulin. Half of the infiltrates were positive for asialo GM1, and one-third was positive for interferon-gamma. Interferon-gamma-positive, L3T4-positive cells were detected in mirror sections. However, neither the destruction of biliary epithelial cells nor the presence of granulomas was observed. Autoantibodies were serologically undetectable. The existence of interferon-gamma-positive cells in the lesion and the fact that intravenous administration of anti-interferon-gamma twice a week completely inhibited the lymphocyte infiltration and the major histocompatibility complex class II expression on biliary epithelial cells suggested that these changes were induced through endogenous interferon-gamma production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)