tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in CD4+ T Cells Derived from Lentiviral-Transduced CD34+ Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Stephen E. Braun, Fay Eng Wong, Michelle Connole, Gang Qiu, Lorrin Lee, Jackie Gillis, Xiaobin Lu, Laurent Humeau, Vladimir Slepushkin, Gwendolyn K. Binder, Boro Dropulic, R. Paul Johnson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We examined the ability of a HIV-1-based vector (VRX494) encoding a 937-bp antisense HIV-1 envelope sequence to inhibit the replication of chimeric SIV/HIV-1 viruses encoding the HIV-1 envelope. Challenge of VRX494-transduced CEMx174 cells resulted in potent inhibition of HIV-1 and several SHIV strains. To evaluate the potential efficacy of the VRX494 vector for stem cell gene therapy, rhesus CD34(+) bone marrow cells were transduced with VRX494 and then cultured on thymus stroma to induce T cell differentiation. Transduction conditions for CD34(+) cells were optimized to yield high transduction efficiency with minimal effective multiplicity of infection. Purified CD4(+) GFP(+) T cells derived from VRX494-transduced CD34(+) cells strongly inhibited SHIV HXBC2P 3.2 and SHIV 89.6P replication compared to controls. Southern blot analysis of VRX494-transduced T cell clones revealed a subset of cells with multiple proviral copies per cell. Expression of GFP and the antisense inhibitor in VRX494-transduced cells was upregulated by Tat. Analysis of HIV-1 envelope sequences in VRX494-transduced cells revealed modifications consistent with those mediated by double-stranded RNA-dependent adenosine deaminase. These results indicate that the macaque/SHIV model should serve as a useful preclinical model to evaluate this lentiviral vector expressing an HIV-1 antisense inhibitor for stem cell gene therapy for AIDS.
United Nations' dietary policies to prevent cardiovascular disease
Authors: D. Mozaffarian, S. Capewell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Modest diet changes could halve the global burden

On 19 September 2011, the United Nations General Assembly convenes a landmark high level meeting on non-communicable diseases. Cardiovascular disease will be high on the agenda. The potential health and financial benefits of cardiovascular disease prevention are astonishing. Each year, cardiovascular disease kills about 20 million people, including 10 million prematurely (before age 65 years) and inflicts high morbidity, disability, and socioeconomic costs.1 In high income countries, preventing or postponing 100 cases saves about $1m (£0.6m; €0.7).2

The relative socioeconomic savings of prevention are even higher in low and middle income countries, in which cardiovascular disease strikes at younger ages and there are fewer resources for care; this results in familial burdens, lost productivity, and cyclical escalation of poverty, which in turn contributes to cardiovascular disease.1

Diet is a powerful common determinant of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and several cancers.3 4 5 6 Natural experiments have shown rapid reductions in cardiovascular disease after dietary improvements in populations.7 Unfortunately, both the optimal dietary targets and evidence based interventions to achieve them have been unclear for decades. Numerous arrays of specific nutritional factors have been considered over time. This has caused confusion and often misguided dietary priorities. These challenges, compounded by resistance and misdirection by industry, have to date produced a …
Measuring gastric volume by dye dilution.
Authors: A Hurwitz
Journal: Gut (1981)

The double sampling method for measuring gastric volumes is analysed mathematically. It is shown to cause magnification of randomly occurring analytical errors in dye concentration. The errors which arise in calculated gastric volume depend on extent of analytical error, concentration of dye initially placed in the stomach, repetition of analysis cycle, and ratio of volume of added dye to gastric volume. By starting with dye-free water and doubling the concentration of dye added in serial volume determinations the error in calculated volume is markedly reduced and no longer increases with successive measurements. These modifications reduce the limitations inherent in the method as originally described.
Peptide histidine isoleucine: a secretagogue in human jejunum.
Authors: A A Anagnostides, N D Christofides, K Tatemoto, V S Chadwick, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1984)

Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) is a newly discovered peptide from porcine intestine, which has sequence homologies with VIP, an established intestinal secretagogue. To study the effects of PHI in human jejunum, natural porcine PHI was infused intravenously at 10.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/kg/min (mean +/- SEM) in normal volunteers during steady state perfusion of the jejunum with an isotonic bicarbonate-electrolyte solution. Plasma PHI concentrations rose to 279 +/- 26 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) in the first 20 minutes of the infusion reaching 417 +/- 45 at 40 minutes. At these concentrations PHI induced a net secretion of chloride and sodium and either decreased net absorption or increased net secretion of fluid and potassium, while bicarbonate transport remained unaffected. Peptide histidine isoleucine is a potent jejunal secretagogue in man.
ChIP-chip Comes of Age for Genome-wide Functional Analysis
Authors: Jiejun Wu, Laura T. Smith, Christoph Plass, Tim H-M. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract In the post-genome era, attention has focused on the functions of genome sequences and how they are regulated. The emerging epigenomic changes and the interactions between cis-acting elements and protein factors may play a central role in gene regulation. To understand the crosstalk between DNA and protein on a genome-wide scale, one emerging technique, called ChIP-chip, takes the strategy of combining chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray. This new high-throughput strategy helps screen the targets of critical transcription factors and profile the genome-wide distribution of histone modifications, which will enable the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study, such as the Human Epigenome Project. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 6899-902)
PERFORATION OF THE DUODENUM AND LIVER BY A FISHBONE
Authors: John Douglas
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A recent editorial comment inThe Journal<sup>1</sup>mentioned an article by Carl Bearse,<sup>2</sup>who reported three perforations of the intestine by a fishbone. In these two publications it was stated that the perforation usually occurred in the large intestine and that it may be impossible to make a diagnosis, as little or no shadow of the fishbone is shown by the roentgen ray. These comments should make a report of the following case of some interest, as the clinical observations differed materially. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. M. M., aged 36, admitted to St. Luke's Hospital, Dec. 16, 1929, was a native of Spain and spoke no English, her history, which made a diagnosis of acute gallbladder disease probable, being obtained through an interpreter. There was elevation of temperature, a high leukocyte count, and marked pain and tenderness and a mass in the right hypochondrium. A cholecystogram was taken
Engraftment of donor cells with germ-line integration of HHV6 mimics HHV6 reactivation following cord blood/haplo transplantation
Authors: Enkhtsetseg Purev, Thomas Winkler, Robert L. Danner, Gary A. Fahle, Linda Cook, Danielle M. Zerr, Keith R. Jerome, Richard W. Childs
Journal: Blood (2014)
Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care.
Authors: J Coope, T S Warrender
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A randomised trial of the treatment of hypertension in 884 patients aged 60 to 79 years at the onset showed a reduction of 18/11 mm Hg in blood pressure over a mean follow up period of 4.4 years. The principal antihypertensive agents were atenolol and bendrofluazide. There was a reduction in the rate of fatal stroke in the treatment group to 30% of that in the control group (95% confidence interval 11-84%, p less than 0.025). The rate of all strokes (fatal and non-fatal) in the treatment group was 58% of that in the control group (95% confidence interval 35-96%, p less than 0.03). The incidence of myocardial infarction and total mortality was unaffected by treatment. Questionnaires completed by the patients and their relatives failed to identify any differences in symptoms that were likely to be due to treatment.
Dispensing of Electronically Discontinued Medications
Authors: James A. Villier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters2 April 2013Dispensing of Electronically Discontinued MedicationsJames A. Villier, MDJames A. Villier, MDFrom Randolph Internal Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In almost 35 years of medical practice, I had never considered it my responsibility to notify patients' pharmacies of medication discontinuations. As a user of a robust electronic medical record (EMR) system for more than 5 years, I have become more aware of the problems that electronic prescribing has caused with inappropriate refilling of prescription medications, as noted in Allen and Sequist's article (1). Although notifying pharmacies of changing medication profiles would be desirable, the reality of dispensing practices makes this nearly impossible. The pharmacies' own practices of attempting to automate the process of refilling medications create ...Reference1. Allen AS, Sequist TD. Pharmacy dispensing of electronically discontinued medications. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:700-5. [PMID: 23165661] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James A. Villier, MDAffiliations: From Randolph Internal Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPharmacy Dispensing of Electronically Discontinued Medications Adrienne S. Allen and Thomas D. Sequist Dispensing of Electronically Discontinued Medications Adrienne S. Allen Metrics Cited byElectronic Medical Records and Quality of Cancer Care 2 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 7Page: 571KeywordsChartsConflicts of interestElectronic medical recordsMedical conditions ePublished: 2 April 2013 Issue Published: 2 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
“EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN ROLLER SPORTS (RS). FOUR YEARS OF STUDIES AND OBSERVATIONS ON ACCIDENTS OF ITALIAN FEDERATION (FIHP) SKATERS. PROBABLE CAUSES AND PREVENTION”
Authors: M Lollobrigida, A Pulcini, E Padua, M Varisco
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Roller sports (RS) have continuous spreading, not only a recreational activity. There are different sports modalities, ruled by national/international organizations. We investigated at the FIHP, being the world leader for RS, about the circumstance of accidents. Object To investigate if RS must be considered at risk for accidents or not. Design Retrospective study through observations of accidents occurred in Italian FIHP during the 2009–2012 Olympic term. Setting Collecting data, statistical analysis of accidents. Analysis-goal and technical-scientific anamnesis to detect risk factors. Participants 97 085 Italian skaters in 4 years, subdivided into modality, sex, time, affected part of body. Risk factor assessment Data comparison underlines high number of accidents when athlete is physically stressed. These seem to be connected with 1) effect of skate vibrations on Hoffmann reflex; 2) effect of eccentric contractions; 3) functional overload on lumbar muscles; 4) age, sex, modality, time. Main outcome measurements We suggest to increase: 1) recovering periods during in-skate and off-skate; 2) more specific physical training with special attention to core stability and proprioception; 3) better control of upper part of body. Results Accidents were overall 502, equaling to 0.52% of all analyzed member athletes. Accidents involved 305 women and 197 men. 75.3% of accidents happened in training and 24.7% in competition. Subdivided into modality, (number of accidents compared to the total number of members athletes FIHP) the accidental risk was 0.24 % for artistic athletes, 0.18 % for inline speed athletes, 0.04% for rink-hockey athletes, 0.05% for inline hockey athletes, 0.01% for freestyle athletes, and 0.001% for ski roll athletes. The proportion of involved body parts for accidents during training were: upper limbs 57.4%, lower limbs 22.5%, head 13.2%, shoulder 4.0%, other 2.4; during competition: upper limbs 44.3%, lower limbs 20.9%, head 20.1%, shoulder 13.7% other 1.0%. Conclusions RS, if practiced in sports clubs, presented few accidents. The knowledge of the risk factors should allow us to optimize training strategies by preventing further risks. Other risk factors were detected, independent of speed, obstacles, hard surfaces, and behavior. We confirm that the use of protections is useful, especially for the beginners.
Trisomies in multiple myeloma: impact on survival in patients with high-risk cytogenetics
Authors: Shaji Kumar, Rafael Fonseca, Rhett P. Ketterling, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, Morie A. Gertz, Suzanne R. Hayman, Francis K. Buadi, David Dingli, Ryan A. Knudson, Alexandra Greenberg, Stephen J. Russell, Steven R. Zeldenrust, John A. Lust, Robert A. Kyle, Leif Bergsagel, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2012)
Optimal Use of Organs for Transplantation
Authors: Oscar Salvatierra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE development of organ transplantation is one of the outstanding medical achievements of this century. It was only 34 years ago that surgeons at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston performed the first successful organ transplantation, transplanting a kidney between identical twins — a case in which there was no immunologic incompatibility. Subsequent successful transplantations of kidneys from cadaver donors were remarkable accomplishments when one considers not only the strong immunologic barriers against the survival of these grafts but also the minimal understanding at that time of how to circumvent the process of rejection.Cyclosporine, introduced as a new . . .
Effects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> Antagonist, Nicardipine, on Experimental Asthma With Special Reference to Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis
Authors: T. Koshino, M. Fujimura, S. Nishioka, K. Okafuji, S. Minami, K. Kanamori, T. Matsuda, T. Ishizaki, T. Saga, S. Miyabo
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is an important chemical mediator of bronchial asthma. Leukotriene C4 is a component of SRS-A and is synthesized from arachidonic acid. Its synthesizing and releasing processes are found to be Ca2+-dependent. We developed an in vivo inhalation asthma model, mainly mediated by SRS-A, and elucidated the relationship between a Ca2+-antagonist, nicardipine, and SRS-A. In the asthmatic model, mediated by endogenous SRS-A induced by antigen inhalation, continuous intravenous infusion of nicardipine 7 micrograms/kg/min depressed the open airway pressure by about 60% compared with the saline-treated group. Inhibition of mean pulmonary resistance (RL) was about 50% and that of the inverted value of dynamic compliance (1/Cdyn) about 36%. However, the same concentration of nicardipine did not significantly effect the airway response in the asthmatic model induced by the inhalation of leukotriene C4. These results suggest that nicardipine, at the concentration used in the present study. did not block the direct effect of SRS-A on the smooth muscle, but blocked the Ca2+ influx required for the synthesis of SRS-A and its release.
Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 Regulates Microglia and Macrophage Gene Expression in Response to Inflammatory Stimuli
Authors: James C. Cronk, Noël C. Derecki, Emily Ji, Yang Xu, Aaron E. Lampano, Igor Smirnov, Wendy Baker, Geoffrey T. Norris, Ioana Marin, Nathan Coddington, Yochai Wolf, Stephen D. Turner, Alan Aderem, Alexander L. Klibanov, Tajie H. Harris, Steffen Jung, Vladimir Litvak, Jonathan Kipnis
Journal: Immunity (2015)
TACI-Ig Neutralizes Molecules Critical for B Cell Development and Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Jane A Gross, Stacey R Dillon, Sherri Mudri, Janet Johnston, Alisa Littau, Richard Roque, Mark Rixon, Ole Schou, Kevin P Foley, Harald Haugen, Susan McMillen, Kim Waggie, Randy W Schreckhise, Kim Shoemaker, Tuyen Vu, Margaret Moore, Angelika Grossman, Chris H Clegg
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) among British air crew.
Authors: P. J. Chapman, P. R. Wilkinson, R. N. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Even brief visits abroad may bring travellers into contact with pathogens against which they have no immunity.Though returning home apparently well, the travellers may be incubating an exotic illness with which they then present to their local doctor.We report a recent outbreak of acute Schistosoma mansoni infection that occurred in this way.
Elevated depressive affect is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes among African Americans with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Michael J. Fischer, Paul L. Kimmel, Tom Greene, Jennifer J. Gassman, Xuelei Wang, Deborah H. Brooks, Jeanne Charleston, Donna Dowie, Denyse Thornley-Brown, Lisa A. Cooper, Marino A. Bruce, John W. Kusek, Keith C. Norris, James P. Lash
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
The Possible Role of Cytokeratin 8 in Cadmium-Induced Adaptation and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Andy T.Y. Lau, Jen-Fu Chiu
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Chronic exposures to cadmium compounds are carcinogenic. It was hypothesized that the development of resistance to cadmium may drive carcinogenesis. This is achieved by selection of resistant cells in which the apoptotic response is significantly attenuated. The induction of cadmium resistance in rat lung epithelial cells (LEC) was used to explore the mechanisms of cadmium-induced adaptation and carcinogenesis. Our previous results showed that LECs developed resistance to apoptosis during cadmium adaptation possibly due to perturbation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase pathway. Here, we further study these cells by comparative proteomics. Interestingly, we showed that two intermediate filament proteins, cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14), were increased significantly and stably maintained only in the adapted cells but not in cadmium-treated parental cells. It has been documented that CK8/cytokeratin 18 provided resistance to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis and CK14 may function as an inhibitor of TNF-TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling through an association with TNFR1-associated death domain protein, suggesting that up-regulation of CK8 and CK14 may be responsible for apoptotic resistance. Finally, we showed that small interfering RNA-specific knockdown of CK8 in cadmium-adapted cells attenuated the cadmium resistance, indicating the potential role of CK8 in cadmium resistance. This acquired self-resistance to apoptosis could account for cadmium-induced carcinogenesis, as this promotes neoplastic cell survival as well as subsequent clonal expansion and then progression of tumor development. Thus, increased expression of these cytokeratins represents an adaptive survival mechanism that resists cadmium-induced apoptosis and it is unprecedented that cells respond to long-term cadmium exposure by modulating keratin dynamics.
Developmental toxicity in the rat after ingestion or gavage of organophosphate pesticides (Dipterex, Imidan) during pregnancy.
Authors: R E Staples, R G Kellam, J K Haseman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The structural development of fetuses was altered when Dipterex was administered by diet to pregnant rats from days 6 through 15 of gestation. Major external and skeletal alterations occurred after consumption of 432 or 519 mg/kg body weight per day, only minor skeletal changes occurred in the 375 mg/kg dose group and the incidence of alterations in the 145 mg/kg dose group was not significantly different from that in the pair-fed controls. The malformations seen at the two highest doses did not result directly from the associated decrease in food consumed. Dipterex was not shown to have teratogenic potential when given for the same time span, once daily by gavage, even at levels that produced maternal lethality. Imidan was not teratogenic when similarly given, either by diet at concentrations that resulted in a 45% reduction in food consumption, or by gavage at dose levels that resulted in some maternal lethality. Data collected from pair-fed control females revealed that limitation of food consumption to 13--15 g/rat per day from days 6 through 15 of gestation did not result in increased fetal mortality or stunting. However, fetal weight was reduced slightly, and the incidence of minor skeletal changes was approximately three to four times that among fetuses of control dams that were not pair-fed.
Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Frank Moya
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Of a series of 1,141 patients who received ephedrine prophylactically, 46% had prepartum falls in blood pressure exceeding 20% of the preanesthetic level, and in more than half of the women the systolic pressure fell below 100 mm. Hg. No correlation was found between the incidence of hypotension and the level of sensory analgesia. In a comparable group of 64 patients methoxamine hydrochloride was found to be more effective as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent than ephedrine. However, there was also a significantly greater incidence of hypertension with methoxamine. It was found that spinal anesthesia did not impair the effectiveness of ventilation as measured by arterial blood<sub>p</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>provided small doses of the agent were used and blood pressure was maintained.
Diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. Induction and acceleration by spleen cell-conditioned media.
Authors: E S Handler, J P Mordes, J Seals, S Koevary, A A Like, K Nakano, A A Rossini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Injections of media conditioned by concanavalin A-activated spleen cells from acutely diabetic rats accelerated the appearance of diabetes in young Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. Activity was also found in media conditioned by spleen cells from nondiabetic, W-line Wistar Furth and Buffalo rats. Unconditioned media containing mitogen had no activity. Conditioned media also induced diabetes in resistant W-line BB/W rats but not in Wistar Furth rats. A soluble factor may activate a BB lymphocyte population that promotes diabetes.