tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2910: Suppressing excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation by RIP1 potentiates BPDE-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
Authors: Qiong Wang, Wenshu Chen, Xiuling Xu, Bilan Li, Weiyang He, Mabel T. Padilla
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cell survival signaling is important for the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. Although the role of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) in cell survival signaling is well documented, whether RIP1 is directly involved in cancer development has never been studied. In this report, we found that RIP1 expression is substantially increased in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. RIP1 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) was significantly induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), the active form of the tobacco-specific carcinogen benzo (a) pyrene (BaP). In RIP1 knockdown HBECs, BPDE-induced cytotoxicity was significantly increased, which was associated with induction of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including JNK, ERK and p38. Scavenging ROS suppressed BPDE-induced MAPK activation and inhibiting ROS or MAPKs substantially blocked BPDE-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting ROS-mediated MAPK activation is involved in BPDE-induced cell death. The H2O2-reducing enzyme catalase is destabilized in an ERK- and JNK-dependent manner in RIP1 knockdown HBECs and application of catalase effectively blocked BPDE-induced H2O2 accumulation and cytotoxicity. Importantly, BPDE-induced transformation of HBECs was significantly reduced when RIP1 expression was suppressed. Altogether, these results strongly suggest an oncogenic role for RIP1, which promotes malignant transformation through protecting DNA-damaged cells against carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity associated with excessive ROS production. Citation Format: Qiong Wang, Wenshu Chen, Xiuling Xu, Bilan Li, Weiyang He, Mabel T. Padilla. Suppressing excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation by RIP1 potentiates BPDE-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2910. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2910
Ultrasound in Prostatic Cancer
Authors: William H. Cooner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  — The article cited by Dr Palmer in CONTEMPO '87, 1 from which apparently stems his opinion that ultrasound examination appears to be of little use in the diagnosis of early cancer, was accepted for publication in December 1984, more than three years ago. Since that time, there have been dramatic improvements in the instruments with which these examinations are currently performed. Better visualization of the prostate is now possible with the use of transducers that are of higher frequency (7.0 MHz) than those in older equipment. In addition, biplane imaging, which permits examination of the prostate in an unlimited number of both transaxial and sagittal views, far surpasses the imaging possible with the older equipment, which allowed  transaxial visualization at sequential cuts of 5 mm.  A detection rate of only 71% by prostate ultrasonography is far from disappointing. The inaccuracy of rectal examination of the
Emergency departments should not be default option for people with mental health crisis, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Hospital emergency departments should not be seen as the default option or “holding pen” for vulnerable people experiencing a mental health crisis, the College of Emergency Medicine has said, after a survey highlighted poor service provision for people detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act.1

Recently the plight of people experiencing a mental health crisis who are detained in police cells has received much attention.2 3 The college pointed out that an emergency department was also a poor environment for such people, as the noise and bustle can be agitating, frightening, and disorienting to vulnerable people. In addition, confidentiality is usually …
Propoxyphene: Is It a Hazard to Health?
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

I wish to express dismay over the methods being employed to deal with a scientific problem. I refer specifically to the petition of Dr Sidney Wolfe of the Health Research Group (a Ralph Nader affiliate) to have the widely used analgesic agent, propoxyphene (Darvon), banned as an imminent hazard to the public health. This petition was based on an observation that propoxyphene was frequently mentioned in reports of fatalities due to gross drug overdose as one of the agents ingested with or without suicidal intent. I do not quarrel with the accuracy of these reports, but disagree strongly with their being made a cause célèbre in the political arena to force a decision that is purely scientific in nature. As the result of the wide publicity given the Wolfe petition, Senator Gaylord Nelson made propoxyphene the subject of hearings before his Senate subcommittee. These sessions were characterized by rancor, innuendo,
Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and their relationship to clinical features in patients following nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Hongfeng Guo, Zhenhua Qiao, Lei Zhu, Hongwei Wang, Liping Su, Yujin Lu, Yuee Cui, Bo Jiang, Qioujuan Zhu, Lianrong Xu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

An imbalance in helper T-cell type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) cytokines is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The aim of this study was to investigate the cytokine bias acquired by T cells after transplantation and its possible influence on relapse of original malignancy. Cytokine levels by peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells were tested at various pre- and post-transplant time points with fluorescein isothiocyanate-based intracellular cytokine assay after short-term in vitro mitogenic stimulation (phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin). In both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing cell populations increased, indicating a shift to a Th1 cytokine profile with aGVHD. IFN-gamma-producing T cells was significantly lower in patients who experienced relapse of original disease compared to those who showed no signs of relapse and compared to normal controls. Our studies demonstrate that aGVHD correlates with a Th1 bias and that Th1 response may potentiate an effective immune surveillance.
Relationship of Ascorbic Acid to Blood Lead Levels
Authors: Joel A. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextSome animal studies suggest that orally administered ascorbic acid may chelate lead and decrease the risk of the toxic effects of lead. However, results from several small studies in humans have yielded inconclusive evidence of a beneficial effect of ascorbic acid on lead toxicity.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between serum ascorbic acid levels and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analysis of a probability sample of the US population enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (4213 youths aged 6-16 years and 15,365 adults aged ≥17 years) without a history of lead poisoning.Main Outcome MeasuresElevated and log blood lead levels by serum ascorbic acid level.ResultsA total of 22 youths (0.5%) and 57 adults (0.4%) had elevated blood lead levels (defined as ≥0.72 µmol/L [15 µg/dL]) and ≥0.97 µmol/L [20 µg/dL], respectively). After controlling for the effects of age, race, sex, income level, and dietary energy, fat, calcium, iron, and zinc intake, youths in the highest serum ascorbic acid tertile had an 89% decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels compared with youths in the lowest serum ascorbic acid tertile (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.35; P for trend=.002). Adults in the highest 2 serum ascorbic acid tertiles had a 65% to 68% decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels compared with adults in the lowest serum ascorbic acid tertile (P for trend=.03). As a continuous predictor, serum ascorbic acid level was independently associated with decreased log blood lead levels among adults (P&lt;.001), but not among youths (P=.14).ConclusionsOur data suggest that high serum levels of ascorbic acid are independently associated with a decreased prevalence of elevated blood lead levels. If these associations are related causally, ascorbic acid intake may have public health implications for control of lead toxicity.
Ban sale of cigarettes to people born after 2000
Authors: T. Crocker-Buque
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a serious global health problem compounded by antibiotic overuse and limited investment in new antibiotic research. Inappropriate perinatal antibiotic exposure is increasingly linked to lifelong adverse outcomes through its impact on the developing microbiome. Antibiotic stewardship may be the only effective preventative strategy currently available. As the first tertiary neonatal unit in the UK to collaborate in an international quality improvement programme (QIP) with Vermont Oxford Network (VON), we present the results of our antibiotic stewardship initiative. The QIP was officially launched in January 2016 and aimed to reduce antibiotic usage rate (AUR) by 20% of baseline by 31st December 2016 without compromising patient safety. A multidisciplinary team of professionals and parent representatives shared good practices and improvement strategies through international webinars and local meetings, devised uniform data collection methodology and implemented a number of carefully selected ‘Plan–Do–Study–Act’ cycles. Run charts were used to present data and, where appropriate, statistical analysis undertaken to compare outcomes. The QIP resulted in a sustained reduction in AUR from a baseline median of 347 to 198 per 1000 patient-days (a reduction of 43%). The proportion of culture-negative sepsis screens where antibiotics were stopped within 36–48 hours increased consistently from a baseline of 32.5% to 91%. The antibiotic days per patient at discharge reduced from a median of 3 to 2 days, and there was a reduction in practice variation. Our annual mortality and necrotising enterocolitis rates for the VON cohort (&lt;30 weeks or &lt;1500 g) were the best ever recorded, 5.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Audits confirmed a high level of staff and family awareness of the QIP. The QIP achieved a sustained reduction in antibiotic use without compromising patient safety. Our challenge is to sustain this improvement safely.
Engineering Mechanics for Successive States in Canine Left Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: DANIEL D. STREETER, WILLIAM T. HANNA
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The relations between end-diastolic ( D ) and end-systolic (S) cavitary volumes ( V c ), wall volumes ( V 10 ), and cavitary dimensions have been studied in the canine and human left ventricle. However, the models selected for left ventricular myocardium do not represent the real heart adequately for a fiber-by-fiber analysis of fiber orientation and sarcomere length during successive states of the ejection cycle. In this study, the endocardial and epicardial surfaces were postulated to be a nested set of truncated ellipsoidal shells of revolution where wall volumes were preserved from D to S. Shell dimensions on the semiminor and semimajor axes, R and Z , respectively, were related to V c and V w by two representations: confocal and nonconfocal. If the focal length C = ) 1/2 and C is the same for each shell, then the shells are confocal, otherwise they are nonconfocal. From measured V c , V w , and epicardial Z in D , shell dimensions were calculated for states D and S, using both confocal and nonconfocal representations, and compared with the measured dimensions. When no empirical corrections were made, the calculated endocardial R in S underestimated the measured R in S by 12%; moreover, the calculated epicardial R in S overestimated the measured R in S by 4%. Endocardial and epicardial C measured 3.73 ± 0.33 (SE) cm and 3.79 ±0.34 cm, respectively, in D and 3.77±0.11 cm and 3.71 ±0.10 cm, respectively, in S.
Management of ovarian cysts
Authors: J Salat-Baroux, P. Merviel, F Kuttenn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ovarian cysts are present in 6% of asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Most of these cysts are benign or functional, and the physician's role is largely to exclude cancer, which has a prevalence of 61 per 100 000 in women aged 68 years.1 Needle aspiration of ovarian cysts has been proposed as an alternative to laparoscopic and conventional surgical excision, especially when the cyst is believed on clinical grounds to be benign. Needle aspiration has the important advantage over surgical excision that it can be performed under local anaesthetic and does not require admission to hospital. Nevertheless, there are several important questions concerning needle aspiration of ovarian cysts.

Firstly, how easy is it to predict whether a cyst is benign or malignant? Clinical examination, ultrasonography, and serum concentrations of CA 125 are the main approaches available. Clinical examination is often disappointing, with 30–65% of ovarian tumours (in particular those less then 40–50 mm in diameter) being overlooked. Vaginal …
Patient reported measures are needed
Authors: K. Stewart, V. Kirthi, L. Patterson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Patients carrying <i>TP53</i> germline mutations develop Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare genetic disorder with high risk of several cancers, most notably breast cancer, sarcoma, and brain tumors. A noncoding polymorphism (rs78378222) in <i>TP53</i>, carried by scores of millions of people, was associated with moderate risk of brain, colon, and prostate tumors, and other neoplasms. We found a positive association between this variant and soft tissue sarcoma (odds ratio [OR] = 4.55, <i>P</i> = 3.3 x 10<sup>−5</sup>). In sharp contrast, this variant was protective against breast cancer (OR = 0.573, <i>P</i> = 0.0078). We generated a mouse line carrying this variant and found that this variant accelerated spontaneous tumorigenesis and tumor development at the brain, prostate, colon, and skeletal muscle, but strikingly, it significantly delayed mammary tumorigenesis. The variant created a miR-382 targeting site and compromised a miR-325 targeting site. Their differential expression resulted in p53 downregulation in the brain and several other tissues, but p53 upregulation in the mammary gland of the mutant mice compared to that of wild-type littermates. Thus, this <i>TP53</i> variant is at odds with LFS mutants in breast cancer predisposition yet consistent with LFS mutants in susceptibility to soft tissue sarcoma and glioma. Our findings elucidate an underlying mechanism of cancer susceptibility that is conferred by genetic variation and yet altered by microRNA expression.
Successful treatment of crusted (Norwegian) scabies with ivermectin in two patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: P. Delgiudice, M. Caries, P. Couppie, E. Bernard, J.P. Lacour, P. Marty, R. Pradinaud, J.P. Ortonne, P. Dellamonica, Y. Lefichoux
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)
Influence of Hospital Volume on Mortality Following Major Cancer Surgery
Authors: Christopher M. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risks from cannulae used to maintain intravenous access.
Authors: J T Macfarlane, M J Ward, D C Banks, R Pilkington, R G Finch
Journal: BMJ (1980)

0 96 mmol/l (2 9 mg/100 ml), alkaline phosphatase 150 IU/l, and urea 3 8 mmol/I (23 mg/lO0 ml).Serum immunoassayable parathyroid hormone Local inflammation absent 67 18t 68 ±40 24-243+ *Significant difference (p < 0005; xI test).tNo significant difference.
The inhibitory effects of topically active glucocorticoids on IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-γ production by cultured primary CD4+ T cells☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Shelby P. Umland, D.Kyle Nahrebne, Shad Razac, Andrew Beavis, Kenneth J. Pennline, Robert W. Egan, M.Motasim Billah
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
P1304 HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 2–6 VIRUSES WITH PROTEASE SUBSTITUTIONS IMPLICATED IN GENOTYPE 1 RESISTANCE SHOW COMPLEX PATTERNS OF RESISTANCE TO 8 CLINICALLY RELEVANT PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Authors: S.B. Jensen, S.B. Serre, Y.-P. Li, D.G. Humes, S. Ramirez, J. Bukh, J.M. Gottwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and the outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children
Authors: Yaacov Frishberg, Rachel Becker-Cohen, David Halle, Elad Feigin, Bella Eisenstein, Raphael Halevy, Danny Lotan, Isam Juabeh, Nathan Ish-Shalom, Daniella Magen, Yigal Shvil, Levana Sinai-Treiman, Alfred Drukker
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
D1-03: Treatment with irinotecan plus carboplatin prolongs survival without compromising quality of life in patients with small cell lung cancer, extensive disease (SCLC-ED). Results of a randomized phase III trial
Authors: Andreas Hermes, B Bergman, R Bremnes, L Eks, S Fluge, C Sederholm, S Sundstrøm, L Thaning, J Vilsvik, U Aasebø, S Sörenson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of cardiovascular disease prevention in whole populations: modelling study
Authors: P. Barton, L. Andronis, A. Briggs, K. McPherson, S. Capewell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To estimate the potential cost effectiveness of a population-wide risk factor reduction programme aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease.Economic modelling analysis.England and Wales. Population Entire population. Model Spreadsheet model to quantify the reduction in cardiovascular disease over a decade, assuming the benefits apply consistently for men and women across age and risk groups.Cardiovascular events avoided, quality adjusted life years gained, and savings in healthcare costs for a given effectiveness; estimates of how much it would be worth spending to achieve a specific outcome.A programme across the entire population of England and Wales (about 50 million people) that reduced cardiovascular events by just 1% would result in savings to the health service worth at least £30m (€34m; $48m) a year compared with no additional intervention. Reducing mean cholesterol concentrations or blood pressure levels in the population by 5% (as already achieved by similar interventions in some other countries) would result in annual savings worth at least £80m to £100m. Legislation or other measures to reduce dietary salt intake by 3 g/day (current mean intake approximately 8.5 g/day) would prevent approximately 30,000 cardiovascular events, with savings worth at least £40m a year. Legislation to reduce intake of industrial trans fatty acid by approximately 0.5% of total energy content might gain around 570,000 life years and generate NHS savings worth at least £230m a year.Any intervention that achieved even a modest population-wide reduction in any major cardiovascular risk factor would produce a net cost saving to the NHS, as well as improving health. Given the conservative assumptions used in this model, the true benefits would probably be greater.
Medical Ethics or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons
Authors: D. K Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It is commonly believed that the field of medical ethics is a recent one, emerging from various societal and technological changes in the middle of the 20th century. Before then, the belief goes, medical ethics was little more than medical etiquette: how to get patients to pay consultation fees, how to examine a lady, and so on. This, at least, was what I was taught when studying the subject.

Percival’s Medical Ethics is the first textbook of medical ethics and reputedly the first appearance of the phrase “medical ethics” in the literature. To modern eyes, Percival adopts a holistic approach to patient care: “The feeling and emotions of …
Genetic and Pharmacologic Evidence Links Oxidative Stress to Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Srinivas Papaiahgari, Adi Yerrapureddy, Swetha R. Reddy, Narsa M. Reddy, Jeffery M. Dodd-O, Michael T. Crow, Dimitry N. Grigoryev, Kathleen Barnes, Rubin M. Tuder, Masayuki Yamamoto, Thomas W. Kensler, Shyam Biswal, Wayne Mitzner, Paul M. Hassoun, Sekhar P. Reddy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an indispensable therapy for critically ill patients with acute lung injury and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which conventional MV induces lung injury remain unclear.We hypothesized that disruption of the gene encoding Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates the induction of several antioxidant enzymes, enhances susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and that antioxidant supplementation attenuates this effect.To test our hypothesis and to examine the relevance of oxidative stress in VILI, we assessed lung injury and inflammatory responses in Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wild-type (Nrf2(+/+)) mice after an acute (2-h) injurious model of MV with or without administration of antioxidant.Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of lung alveolar and vascular permeability and inflammatory responses to MV as compared with Nrf2(+/+) mice. Nrf2 deficiency enhances the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of VILI. We found diminished levels of critical antioxidant enzymes and redox imbalance by MV in the lungs of Nrf2(-/-) mice; however, antioxidant supplementation to Nrf2(-/-) mice remarkably attenuated VILI. When subjected to a clinically relevant prolong period of MV, Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of VILI than Nrf2(+/+) mice. Expression profiling revealed lack of induction of several VILI genes, stress response and solute carrier proteins, and phosphatases in Nrf2(-/-) mice.Our data demonstrate for the first time a critical role for Nrf2 in VILI, which confers protection against cellular responses induced by MV by modulating oxidative stress.
Evaluating connectionism: A developmental perspective
Authors: Claire F. O'Loughlin, Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

This commentary questions the applicability of the Newell Test for evaluating the utility of connectionism. Rather than being a specific theory of cognition (because connectionism can be used to model nativist, behaviorist, or constructivist theories), connectionism, we argue, offers researchers a collection of computational and conceptual tools that are particularly useful for investigating and rendering specific fundamental issues of human development. These benefits of connectionism are not well captured by evaluating it against Newell's criteria for a unified theory of cognition.