tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Copy-and-Paste
Authors: Robert E. Hirschtick
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Literature of Medicine
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Well-written history is good literature and always has been. Thucydides, Julius Caesar, and Gibbon were read in their times, just as Daniel Boorstin and Arthur Schlesinger are in ours. The course of human events seems always to have fascinated the literate mind. Practicing their craft, historians have informed and educated their fellow citizens, expanding the public horizon beyond the personalities and events immediately at hand. To do this well, historians have had to write creatively, capturing not only the hard facts of history but the imaginations of their readers as well. "I would like to suggest that the thought applied by the historian to his subject matter," writes the late Barbara Tuchman, "can be no less creative than the imagination applied by the novelist to his. And when it comes to writing as an art, is Gibbon necessarily less of an artist in words than, let us say, Dickens? or
Identification of concealed posteroseptal Kent pathways by comparison of ventriculoatrial intervals from apical and posterobasal right ventricular sites.
Authors: J D Martínez-Alday, J Almendral, A Arenal, J M Ormaetxe, A Pastor, J P Villacastín, O Medina, R Peinado, J L Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia with concentric atrial activation usually requires the inducibility of sustained tachycardia and needs a complex and time-consuming electrophysiological evaluation. To develop a simple test to establish if ventriculoatrial conduction uses a posteroseptal accessory pathway or the normal conduction system, we compared the ventriculoatrial intervals during right ventricular pacing from apical and posterobasal sites.Continuous pacing was performed from an apical and a posterobasal right ventricular site in 34 patients with retrograde conduction over the normal conduction system (group A) and in 22 patients with conduction over a posteroseptal accessory pathway (group B). During apical pacing, ventriculoatrial intervals in group A (176 +/- 40 milliseconds) were not significantly different than those in group B (197 +/- 47 milliseconds, P = NS). During posterobasal pacing, group B patients had significantly shorter ventriculoatrial intervals than group A patients (158 +/- 46 versus 197 +/- 39 milliseconds, P < .01). The difference between the ventriculoatrial interval obtained during apical pacing and that obtained during posterobasal pacing (ventriculoatrial index) discriminated between the two groups without overlapping: It was positive in all group B patients (39 +/- 19; range, +10 to +70 milliseconds) and negative in all except two group A patients (-21 +/- 13; range, -50 to +5 milliseconds; P < .001).This ventriculoatrial index can identify accurately and in the absence of tachycardia whether concentric retrograde conduction is proceeding over a posteroseptal accessory pathway or over the normal conduction system.
Crucial Role of MLL for the Maintenance of Memory T Helper Type 2 Cell Responses
Authors: Masakatsu Yamashita, Kiyoshi Hirahara, Ryo Shinnakasu, Hiroyuki Hosokawa, Satoko Norikane, Motoko Y. Kimura, Akihiro Hasegawa, Toshinori Nakayama
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Pemetrexed and Neutropenia: Effect of Vitamin Supplementation and Differences between Japanese and Western Patients
Authors: Jane E. Latz, Karen Lee Schneck, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Mary Alice Miller, Chris H. Takimoto
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The objectives of the analysis were to characterize the time course of neutropenia after pemetrexed administration using an established semimechanistic-physiologic model, characterize the relationship between pemetrexed exposure and neutropenia, and describe differences in neutropenic response by vitamin supplementation status and between Japanese and Western patients. Experimental Design: An eight-compartment population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model was used to describe the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)-time profile (neutropenic response) following pemetrexed doses of 300 to 1,400 mg/m2 administered every 21 days. The analyses pooled data from 13 studies including 279 patients (161 supplemented with oral folic acid and intramuscular vitamin B12, and 118 unsupplemented; 248 Western and 31 Japanese) who received 857 treatment cycles. Results: Vitamin supplementation status, ethnic origin, and drug exposure were the dominant predictors of neutropenic response. Vitamin supplementation diminishes neutropenic response to pemetrexed. Model-predicted ANC nadirs for the “typical” Western patient receiving 500 mg/m2 pemetrexed ± vitamin supplementation were 2.74 × 109/L and 1.70 × 109/L, respectively. Japanese patients had a less pronounced neutropenic response to pemetrexed relative to Western patients. The model-predicted ANC nadir for Japanese patients receiving 500 mg/m2 pemetrexed with vitamin supplementation was 2.66 × 109/L. Values for the 1,000 mg/m2 dose with vitamin supplementation were 1.91 × 109/L and 1.34 × 109/L for Japanese and Western patients, respectively. Increased albumin, decreased cystathionine, and decreased body surface area were also associated with increased neutropenic response. Conclusions: The neutropenic response to higher pemetrexed doses administered with vitamin supplementation is tolerable. All other factors equal, Japanese patients have a lesser neutropenic response to pemetrexed relative to Western patients.
TCT-351 Attenuated-Signal Plaque and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: A Serial Volumetric IVUS Study of Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kozo Okada, Hideki Kitahara, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Shigemitsu Tanaka, Yuhei Kobayashi, Paul Yock, Alan Yeung, Peter Fitzgerald, Hannah A. Valantine, Kiran K. Khush, William F. Fearon, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Granuphilin is activated by SREBP-1c and involved in impaired insulin secretion in diabetic mice
Authors: Toyonori Kato, Hitoshi Shimano, Takashi Yamamoto, Tomotaka Yokoo, Yuko Endo, Mayumi Ishikawa, Takashi Matsuzaka, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Shin Kumadaki, Naoya Yahagi, Akimitsu Takahashi, Hirohito Sone, Hiroaki Suzuki, Hideo Toyoshima, Alyssa H. Hasty, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroshi Gomi, Tetsuro Izumi, Nobuhiro Yamada
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Targeting Cancer Cells via the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response with a Novel Synthetic Polyphenol Conjugate
Authors: Soon Young Shin, Jong Min Lee, Mi So Lee, Dongsoo Koh, Hyeryoung Jung, Yoongho Lim, Young Han Lee
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The selective killing of tumor cells is an important strategy for cancer therapeutics. The aim of this study was to develop a novel antitumor agent that is safe for normal cells with the ability to selectively target cancer cells.On the basis of quantitative structure-activity relationship, we synthesized a novel polyphenol conjugate (E)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DPP-23). We evaluated the effect of DPP-23 on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in various tumor cells. We also assessed molecular targets of DPP-23 using genome-wide expression profiling by DNA microarray and real-time PCR array systems.DPP-23 effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo (xenografts in Balb/c nude mice). At a molecular level, DPP-23 targeted the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, resulting in selective killing of tumor cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis.The selective generation of ROS in cancer cells could be an attractive strategy for the selective killing of cancer cells, while maintaining negligible cytotoxicity to normal cells. DPP-23 represents a promising novel therapeutic agent for the selective production of ROS in cancer cells.
Intestinal ischemia preconditions myocardium: role of protein kinase C and mitochondrial KATP channel
Authors: Y Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that intestinal ischemia results in an early preconditioning against myocardial infarction and that the mechanism of the early preconditioning involves the activation of protein kinase C-mitochondrial K(ATP) channel signaling pathway in anesthetized rats.Rats were either preconditioned with a 25-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 15 min of reperfusion or underwent a 40-min sham period. Subsequently, all rats were subjected to a sustained 30 min of coronary occlusion and 180 min of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.In sham-operated rats receiving no pharmacological intervention, the percentage of myocardial infarct within the area at risk and left ventricle was 73+/-4% and 31+/-2%, respectively, and these were significantly reduced to 44+/-4% and 23+/-1% (P<0.01) after intestinal ischemia preconditioning. Intravenous injection of protein kinase C inhibitors chelerythrine (5 mg/kg) and staurosporine (50 microg/kg) or a specific mitochondrial K(ATP) channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5 mg/kg) 5 min before sustained myocardial ischemia abolished the preconditioning afforded by intestinal ischemia. However, hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, did not attenuate the preconditioning.These data provide pharmacological evidence that protein kinase C and mitochondrial K(ATP) channel are involved in the mechanism of the early preconditioning induced by intestinal ischemia.
Supporting patients to make the best decisions
Authors: M. Marshall, J. Bibby
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Must be a core component of what it means to be a health professional

Imagine an intervention designed to improve patient care that a systematic review has shown to be effective, does not seem to have any serious unwanted effects, has been a central component of health policy for more than a decade, is popular with patients, and which in principle is embraced by most clinicians.

Surprisingly, perhaps, an intervention that meets these criteria does exist, in the form of shared decision making. This is a process in which patients are encouraged to participate in selecting appropriate treatment or management options on the basis of the best available evidence.

For many years policy makers in the United Kingdom have advocated a stronger role for patients, most recently in the NHS constitution,1 and as a central part of the current health reforms, in which “nothing about me without me” has become a defining mantra.2 Other countries are equally committed to the agenda. In December 2010 a group of 58 international healthcare leaders and researchers published the Salzburg statement on shared decision making, calling for a stronger commitment to what they call “co-production of health.”3 To mark the signing of the Salzburg statement on shared decision making the BMJ brought …
Association between hypothyroidism and hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study in the United States
Authors: Manal M. Hassan, Ahmed Kaseb, Donghui Li, Yehuda Z. Patt, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Melanie B. Thomas, Steven A. Curley, Margaret R. Spitz, Steven I. Sherman, Eddie K. Abdalla, Marta Davila, Richard D. Lozano, Deena M. Hassan, Wenyaw Chan, Thomas D. Brown, James L. Abbruzzese
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Thyroid hormones play an essential role in lipid mobilization, lipid degradation, and fatty acid oxidation. Hypothyroidism has been associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; however, the association between thyroid diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in men and women has not been well established. We investigated the association between hypothyroidism and HCC risk in men and women in a case-control study, which included 420 eligible patients with HCC and 1104 healthy controls. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to control for the confounding effects of established HCC risk factors. A long-term history of hypothyroidism (&gt;10 years) was associated with a statistically significant high risk of HCC in women; after adjusting for demographic factors, diabetes, hepatitis, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and family history of cancer, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6.3). Restricted analyses among hepatitis virus–negative subjects, nondrinkers, nondiabetics, nonsmokers, and nonobese individuals indicated a significant association between hypothyroidism and HCC, with an approximate two-fold to three-fold increased risk of HCC development. We observed risk modification among women with diabetes mellitus (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 2.7-32.7) and chronic hepatitis virus infection (OR = 31.2; 95% CI = 6.3-153.2). A history of hyperthyroidism was not significantly related to HCC (OR = 1.7; CI = 0.6-5.1). We noted significant elevated risk association between hypothyroidism and HCC in women that was independent of established HCC risk factors. Experimental investigations are necessary for thorough assessment of the relationship between thyroid disorders and HCC. (Hepatology 2009;49:1563–1570.)
MODERN METHODS OF TREATING THE MAXILLARY AND OTHER SINUSES OF THE CRANIUM.
Authors: W. XAVIER SUDDUTH
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Pathology.</h3> —The diseases to which the sinuses of the head are liable are many. The most common, however, are empyema, tumors and necrosis of the walls from syphilis, mentioned in the order of their importance and frequency of occurrence. Empyema antri is a suppurative condition and arises in the maxillary sinus, in a large proportion of cases from infection through dental abscesses, although the records show a considerable number of cases that can be traced to the extension of disease from the nasal cavity. In some instances the local inflammation undoubtedly arises from occlusion of the osteum maxillare by polypi or inflammation and decomposition of the retained secretion of the cavity walls. The most common cause of obstruction of the natural outlets of the antri is nasal polypi situated around the opening. The final result in any case is suppuration within the cavity of the antrum. In chronic empyematous conditions
Family Planning in London Teaching Hospitals
Authors: A. Giles
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEBIClJOURNALtainly pointed to the atrophic kidney as the leading suspect.The history of polyuria (nocturia) at the onset of the patient's symp- toms, however, would suggest the possible role of increased aldosterone secretion.The values of serum sodium and potassium would therefore be of some interest.The malignant phase of the disease is against primary aldosteronism,' but would appear not to be completely inconceivable or incompatible.!
Detection of Antibody against Extractable Nuclear Antigen by an Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay.
Authors: J. Struckmann, P. Worning, R. Manthorpe, G. Bendixen
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Anti‐ENA antibody determination by ELISA technique may offer a valuable diagnostic help in the discrimination of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) from those with other chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Determination of this antibody was performed in a prospective designed investigation among 101 blood donors, 154 patients with various non‐rheumatic internal medical diseases, and 229 patients with chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases, including five patients with MCTD. A positive titre of anti‐ENA antibody was found in approximately 10% of blood donors and patients with various internal medical disorders. A highly positive anti‐ribonucleoprotein (RNP) titre was found in the patients with MCTD, but was also observed in patients with other chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases, giving a predictive value of 56 % for MCTD. We conclude that highly positive anti‐RNP antibody values do not automatically indicate the diagnosis MCTD. Other diagnostic possibilities should still be considered.
Falls in the Nursing Home
Authors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To review the epidemiology and causes of falls and fall-related injuries in nursing homes and to provide clinicians with a structured framework to evaluate and treat nursing home residents at risk for falls. Data Sources: All large-scale published studies documenting incidence, causes, risk factors, and preventive strategies for falls in nursing homes were reviewed. Results: The mean incidence of falls in nursing homes is 1.5 falls per bed per year (range, 0.2 to 3.6 falls). The most common precipitating causes include gait and balance disorders, weakness, dizziness, environmental hazards, confusion, visual impairment, and postural hypotension. The most important underlying risk factors for falls and injuries include some of these same items and others, such as lower-extremity weakness, gait and balance instability, poor vision, cognitive and functional impairment, and sedating and psychoactive medications. Many strategies for the prevention of falls have been tried, with mixed success. The most successful consider the multifactorial causes of falls and include interventions to improve strength and functional status, reduce environmental hazards, and allow staff to identify and monitor high-risk residents. Strategies that reduce mobility through use of restraints have been shown to be more harmful than beneficial and should be avoided. Conclusions: A focused history and physical examination after a fall can usually determine both the immediate underlying causes of the fall and contributing risk factors. In addition, regular evaluations in the nursing home can help identify patients at high risk who can then be targeted for specific treatment and prevention strategies.
THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEVERE ANAEMIA
Authors: J. C. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Twice in comparatively recent years has anaemia been the subject of discussions at Annual Meetings of the British Medical Association.At Edinburgh in 1927 Professor Gulland opened a discussion on " The Pathology and Treatment of Pernicious Anaemia," and was followed, among others, by Drs.Miriot and Murphy (of Boston) with a paper describing their success in the treatment of pernicious anaemia with " a diet rich in liver," of which they had first published an account in America in the previous year.The striking developments since thenthe practical isolation of the pernicious anaemia factor in both liver and stomach extracts, and the remarkable results obtained in the treatment of a disease previously regarded as hopeless-furnish ample justification for the prominence which is being given to the subject this year in Melbourne.In 1931, at Eastbourne, a discussion on " The Varieties of Secondary Anaemia and their Treat- ment" was opened by Dr. L. J. Witts with a paper entitled " Chronic Microcytic Anaemia." Classification of AnaemiasIn undertaking the responsible task of opening this discussion on " severe " anaemia, I am confronted by the length and complexity of the modern classification of the anaemias, any one of which may be " severe" at some stage of its development.In order to avoid confusion and to concentrate attention on essentials I suggest that for the present purpose the following classification will serve:1. Pernicious anaemia.2. Idiopathic hypochromic anaemia.3. Other deficiency anaemias-for example, scurvy, myxcedema.4. Anaemias characterized by haemolysis-acholuric jaundice, anaemias due to chemical poisons, etc. 5. Anaemias secondary to: (a) malignailt disease, especially that of the alimentary tract; (b) infections ; (c) haemorrhage, acute and chronic. 6. Aplastic anaemia. 7. Splenic anaemia.
Limited impact of IL28B genotype on response rates in telaprevir-treated patients with prior treatment failure
Authors: Stanislas Pol, Jeroen Aerssens, Stefan Zeuzem, Pietro Andreone, Eric J. Lawitz, Stuart Roberts, Zobair Younossi, Graham R. Foster, Roberto Focaccia, Andrzej Horban, Paul J. Pockros, Rolf P.G. Van Heeswijk, Sandra De Meyer, Don Luo, Martyn Botfield, Maria Beumont, Gaston Picchio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A Clinical Trial of a Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Homes
Authors: Teh-wei Hu
Journal: JAMA (1989)

One hundred thirty-three incontinent women in seven nursing homes were assigned randomly to a 13-week behavior therapy program for urinary incontinence or to a control group that received usual incontinence-related care. The therapy became effective after 6 weeks of training. By the final month of training, the treatment women's wet episodes had been reduced by 0.6 episodes per day, a 26% reduction over baseline. This reduction in the number of wet episodes was statistically significant, both with respect to this group's baseline levels of incontinence and in comparison with the performance of the control women. The number of wet episodes in the control group remained about the same throughout training and the 22-week follow-up period. The treatment women improved partly because they learned to request help, a response prompted and reinforced by the program. Trainees with a high frequency of incontinence during baseline, the more cognitively intact residents, and residents with normal bladder capacity responded better to this behavior therapy program.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMAN MONOCYTES AND RED CELLS
Authors: N. Abramson, A. F. Lo Buglio, J. H. Jandl, R. S. Cotran
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Red cells coated with IgG globulin were bound firmly to human mononuclear cells and formed rosettes. Rosette formation occurred when red cells were coated with IgG attached either immunologically (anti-D, anti-penicillin, or Donath-Landsteiner antibodies) or nonimmunologically with chromic chloride; no attachment was observed with cells coated with albumin. Rosette formation was blocked by pretreatment of white cells with sulfhydryl-binding reagents. Metabolic inhibitors did not prevent red cell adherence. White cells of other primates demonstrated a high degree of species specificity. Ultrastructural studies showed that the predominant leukocytes involved in rosette formation were monocytes, but some cells with characteristics of lymphocytes also formed rosettes. Considerable interdigitation of cell surfaces occurred at attachment sites and bound red cells appeared deformed. Thus, these studies confirm the presence of specific surface receptors for IgG on human monocytes and suggest that such receptors may provide a mechanism by which large numbers of red cells are eventually destroyed.