tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in two patients with acquired factor V inhibitors
Authors: Emmanuelle de Raucourt, Christophe Barbier, Patrick Sinda, Mamoun Dib, Jean‐Yves Peltier, Catherine Ternisien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We report two patients who developed acquired factor V (FV) inhibitors not related to exposure to bovine thrombin. Associated conditions were found in one patient (surgery, antibiotic administration) but none in the other one. Bleeding complications occurred only in the patient with idiopathic FV inhibitor, leading to packed red cell infusion. Laboratory findings showed the presence of specific FV inhibitors with titers of 5.5 and 5 Bethesda units, respectively. These two patients received high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin and FV levels normalized within a few days with a concomitant disappearance of FV inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol. 74:187–190, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Transdiagnostic Community-Based Mental Health Treatment for Comorbid Disorders: Development and Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial among Burmese Refugees in Thailand
Authors: Paul Bolton, Catherine Lee, Emily E. Haroz, Laura Murray, Shannon Dorsey, Courtland Robinson, Ana M. Ugueto, Judith Bass
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

In a randomized controlled trial, Paul Bolton and colleagues investigate whether a transdiagnostic community-based intervention is effective for improving mental health symptoms among Burmese refugees in Thailand. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Binding of type 3 reovirus by a domain of the sigma 1 protein important for hemagglutination leads to infection of murine erythroleukemia cells.
Authors: D H Rubin, J D Wetzel, W V Williams, J A Cohen, C Dworkin, T S Dermody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The recognition of cellular receptors by the mammalian reoviruses is an important determinant of cell and tissue tropism exhibited by reovirus strains of different serotypes. To extend our knowledge of the role of reovirus-receptor interactions in reovirus tropism, we determined whether type 1 and type 3 reovirus strains can infect cells derived from erythrocyte precursors. We found that reovirus type 3 Dearing (T3D), but not type 1 Lang, can grow in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. This difference in growth was investigated by using reassortant viruses and we found that the capacity of T3D to infect MEL cells is determined by the viral cell-attachment protein, sigma 1. In experiments using murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to different sigma 1 regions, we show that T3D binding to MEL cells is inhibited by a mAb that identifies a domain important for hemagglutination (HA). We also determined that type 3 strains that can infect murine L cells but do not produce HA do not infect MEL cells. These results suggest that type 3 reovirus binds to and infects erythrocyte precursor cells via a sigma 1 domain important for HA. Moreover, this study suggests that different domains of some viral cell-attachment proteins are used to initiate productive infections of different types of cells.
SURGERY OF ANUS AND RECTUM
Authors: Z. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Objective</h3> To address clinical uncertainties about the effectiveness and safety of long-term antibiotic therapy for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review andmeta-analysis of randomised trials. <h3>Method</h3> We searched Medline, Embase, The <b>Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(</b>CINAHL), and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials from inception to August 2016. Eligible studies compared long-term antibiotic therapy with non-antibiotic therapy or placebo in men or women aged over 65, or in postmenopausal women, with recurrent UTIs. <h3>Results</h3> We did not identify any studies that included older men. Three randomised controlled trials compared long-term antibiotics with vaginal oestrogens (n=150), oral lactobacilli (n=238) and D-mannose powder (n=94) in postmenopausal women. Long-term antibiotics reduced the risk of UTI recurrence by 24% (three trials, n=482; pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.76; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.95, number needed to treat=8.5). There was no statistically significant increase in risk of adverse events (mild adverse events: pooled RR 1.52; 95% CI 0.76 to 3.03; serious adverse events: pooled RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.66). One trial showed 90% of urinary and faecal <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole after 1 month of prophylaxis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Findings from three small trials with relatively short follow-up periods suggest long-term antibiotic therapy reduces the risk of recurrence in postmenopausal women with recurrent UTI. We did not identify any evidence to inform several clinically important scenarios including, benefits and harms in older men or frail care home residents, optimal duration of prophylaxis, recurrence rates once prophylaxis stops and effects on urinary antibiotic resistance.
Phylogenetic Utility and Evidence for Multiple Copies of Elongation Factor-1α in the Spider Genus Habronattus (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Marshal C. Hedin, Wayne P. Maddison
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

In the continuing quest for informative genes for use in molecular systematics, the protein-coding gene Elongation factor–1α (EF-1α) has rapidly become one of the most prevalent "single-copy" nuclear genes utilized, particularly in arthropods. This paper explores the molecular evolutionary dynamics and phylogenetic utility of EF-1α in the salticid spider genus Habronattus. As has been reported for other arthropod lineages, our studies indicate that multiple (two) copies of EF-1α exist in Habronattus. These copies differ in intron structure and thus in size, making it possible to easily separate PCR amplification products. We present data for an intronless EF-1α copy for three Habronattus species. The presence of nonsense mutations and generally elevated rates of amino acid change suggest that this copy is evolving under relaxed functional constraints in Habronattus. A larger taxon sample (50 species plus outgroups) is presented for an EF-1α copy that includes both intron and exon regions. Characteristics of both regions suggest that this is a functional, orthologous copy in the species sampled. Maximum-likelihood relative-rate comparisons show that exon third codon sites are evolving more than 100 times as fast as second codon sites in these sequences and that intron sites are evolving about twice as fast as exon third sites. In combination, the EF-1α data provide robust, species-level phylogenetic signal that is largely congruent with morphologically well supported areas of Habronattus phylogeny. The recovery of some novel clades, and the unexpected fragmentation of others, suggests areas requiring further phylogenetic attention.
Sublethal Exposure to Microwave Radar
Authors: Milton M. Zaret
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Castillo and Quencer<sup>1</sup>are to be commended for their letter in the Jan 15 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. It details an interesting case report of a radiation injury following a single brief exposure to radar. What is not fully appreciated by our profession is that repeated irradiations at subclinical levels can produce pathology that appears only after delay. Bowers and Frey<sup>2</sup>reported how the general population is being exposed to an ever-increasing amount of spurious, nonionizing radiation from at least two different sources. The first relates to communitywide broadcast radiation from station transmitters such as radars and earth-satellite telecommunication networks, where achievable power output has doubled with every passing decade. The second relates to nearby personal-use devices such as faulty microwave ovens and video display terminals, which have increased in number exponentially during each decade. Unlike the rare case of Drs Castillo and Quencer, the
Methylprednisolone Injections for the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: José Luis Andreu, Domingo Ly-Pen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersDecember 17, 2013Methylprednisolone Injections for the Carpal Tunnel SyndromeJosé Luis Andreu, MD, PhD and Domingo Ly-Pen, MD, PhDJosé Luis Andreu, MD, PhDFrom Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.Search for more papers by this author and Domingo Ly-Pen, MD, PhDFrom Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read Atroshi and colleagues’ article (1) with great interest. This placebo-controlled trial shows that injections in CTS are useful and safe, at least in the short term. Symptoms of CTS in patients who received corticosteroid injections improved significantly more than those in patients who received placebo, and corticosteroid recipients had no relevant adverse effects.We were surprised at how frequently surgery was required at 1-year follow-up, with 73% of the 80-mg methylprednisolone group versus 92% of the placebo group needing wrist surgery. In our study comparing corticosteroid injections with surgery (2), only 15% of participants who ...References1. Atroshi I, Flondell M, Hofer M, and Ranstam J. Methylprednisolone injections for the carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:309-17 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Ly-Pen D, Andréu JL, de Blas G, Sánchez-Olaso A, and Millán I. Surgical decompression versus local steroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome: a one-year, prospective, randomized, open, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:612-9. [PMID: 15692981] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. O'Gradaigh D and Merry P. Corticosteroid injection for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:918-9. [PMID: 11053073] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: José Luis Andreu, MD, PhD; Domingo Ly-Pen, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L13-1074. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMethylprednisolone Injections for the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Isam Atroshi , Magnus Flondell , Manfred Hofer , and Jonas Ranstam Methylprednisolone Injections for the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Isam Atroshi and Jonas Ranstam Methylprednisolone Injections for the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Francisco Ramirez-Lafita Metrics December 17, 2013Volume 159, Issue 12Page: 858KeywordsComputed axial tomographyNeurologySurgery ePublished: 17 December 2013 Issue Published: December 17, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P735 ASSOCIATION OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS WITH FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AFTER FAILURE OF INTERFERON THERAPY
Authors: N. Tamaki, M. Kurosaki, Y. Yasui, S. Suzuki, T. Hosokawa, K. Tsuchiya, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Parents of disabled baby lose appeal against court order
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The parents of a severely disabled baby girl have lost their appeal against a court order allowing doctors not to resuscitate her in the case of respiratory arrest.Darren and Debbie Wyatt took the case of their 22 month old daughter, Charlotte, to the Court of Appeal last week in an attempt to overturn last October's High Court decision.This decision entitled doctors at St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth, not to ventilate her if she stopped breathing.Mr Justice Hedley accepted the argument of Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust that resuscitating Charlotte would be "pointless and possibly inhumane," given the condition of her lungs.Charlotte Wyatt was born three months prematurely, weighing less than 500 g and with severe damage to her kidneys, lungs, and brain.At the time of that ruling she was unable to survive outside an oxygen head box, supplying 95% oxygen.Her doc-
Similarities and Differences in the Oncology Drug Approval Process between FDA and European Union with Emphasis on <i>In Vitro</i> Companion Diagnostics
Authors: Adrian M. Senderowicz, Otmar Pfaff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Drug approval [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or market authorization for the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA)] is the most significant regulatory milestone for any drug, as drugs can only be marketed after marketing approval by a health authority. This article focuses on the main regulatory aspects of the drug approval process in the European Union (EU) and the United States. Although the procedures, requirements, and timelines for drug approvals are different between the EU and the United States, several global harmonization efforts have been developed during the past few years to have more consistent regulatory procedures/outcomes in different parts of the world. One of the most different procedures/requirements among these regions is co-development, also known as in vitro companion diagnostic. In the United States, it is expected that for a drug that requires an in vitro diagnostic test to select the population to be treated, the companion diagnostic should be already/concomitantly approved by the FDA. In the EU, these requirements are not as stringent as in the United States. However, it is anticipated that in the very near future, legislation changes in the EU will lead to similar requirements for the companion diagnostics for EMA. In summary, although the principles, procedures, and requirements for drug approvals may differ between the United States and EMA, novel efforts to harmonize them are being considered and implemented, thereby leading to simpler global drug development. It is of outmost importance that drug developers understand and appreciate differences in regional regulations. Otherwise, lack of understanding may lead to rejection or delays in drug approvals for useful anticancer agents. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "The Precision Medicine Conundrum: Approaches to Companion Diagnostic Co-development."
275 Immunogenecity of polyethylene glycol-modified bovine adenosine deaminase (PEG-ADA)
Authors: M.L. Nucci, J. Olejarczyk, M. Hershfield, R. Buckley, A. Rubinstein, R. Sorenson, R. Kobayashi, A.L. Kobayashi, A. Abuchowski
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation Risk
Authors: Catherine Laurin, Grégory Moullec, Simon L. Bacon, Kim L. Lavoie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Psychological DistressExacerbationsAnxiety and depression: p...Potential MechanismsLimitations Of The Litera...ConclusionReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Authors: Bernie J. O'Brien, Daren Heyland, W. Scott Richardson, Mitchell Levine, Michael F. Drummond
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> You recall from the first of our 2 articles<sup>1</sup>concerning economic analysis of clinical practice that your chief of medicine has asked you to review relevant economic evidence from the literature and report to the hospital's pharmacy and therapeutics committee, which is trying to decide on formulary guidelines for the use of streptokinase and tissuetype plasminogen activator (t-PA) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Your literature search identified 2 recent key cost-effectiveness studies: an analysis of economic data collected prospectively as part of the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) trial<sup>2</sup>of streptokinase vs t-PA by Mark et al,<sup>3</sup>and a decision-analytic model by Kalish et al.<sup>4</sup>In the first article of this 2-part series we showed you how to evaluate the validity of the different economic appraisal study methods. In this article, we will
Zafirlukast in Asthma
Authors: Peter K. Honig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 January 1998Zafirlukast in AsthmaPeter K. Honig, MD, Raymond Anthracite, MD, and John K. Jenkins, MDPeter K. Honig, MDU.S. Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857Search for more papers by this author, Raymond Anthracite, MDU.S. Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857Search for more papers by this author, and John K. Jenkins, MDU.S. Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Suissa and colleagues' article [1] illustrates potential limitations of peer review in evaluating manuscripts submitted for publication. It also reinforces the importance of a priori designation of the primary end points and statistical methods to be used in the conduct and analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.Zafirlukast was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on 26 September 1996 for prophylaxis and long-term treatment of asthma [2]. This approval was based, in part, on the results of the large, prospective, placebo-controlled trial (study 0029) [3] that is referenced in Suissa and colleagues' article and ...References1. Suissa S, Dennis R, Ernst P, Sheehy O, Wood-Dauphinee S. Effectiveness of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast for mild-to-moderate asthma. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:177-83. Google Scholar2. Zafirlukast product label. Wilmington, DE: Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. Google Scholar3. ICI Pharma. A multicenter double blind placebo controlled trial of Accolate in mild to moderate asthmatic patients needing chronic treatment. Trial number 9188IL/0029. Canada, 1992. Google Scholar4. Sackett DL. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis. 1979; 32:51-63. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Rockville, MD 20857 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1Page: 70KeywordsAsthmaClinical trial reportingClinical trialsFood and Drug AdministrationPeer reviewProphylaxisProspective studiesStatistical dataStatistical methods Issue Published: 1 January 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Role of Epinephrine-mediated β-Adrenergic Mechanisms in Hypoglycemic Glucose Counterregulation and Posthypoglycemic Hyperglycemia in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dennis A. Popp, Suresh D. Shah, Philip E. Cryer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Initially euglycemic (overnight insulin-infused) patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), compared with nondiabetic controls, exhibit similar, but somewhat delayed plasma glucose nadirs, delayed glucose recovery from hypoglycemia, and posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia after the rapid intravenous injection of 0.075 U/kg of regular insulin. These abnormalities are associated with and potentially attributable to markedly diminished glucagon secretory responses, partially reduced epinephrine secretory responses and delayed clearance of injected insulin in the diabetic patients. Because glucagon normally plays a primary role in hypoglycemic glucose counterregulation and enhanced epinephrine secretion largely compensates for glucagon deficiency, we hypothesized that patients with IDDM, who exhibit diminished glucagon secretory responses to hypoglycemia, would be more dependent upon epinephrine to promote glucose recovery from hypoglycemia than are nondiabetic persons. To test this hypothesis, glucose counterregulation during β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol was compared with that during saline infusion in both nondiabetic controls and in patients with IDDM. Glucose counterregulation was unaffected by β-adrenergic blockade in controls. In contrast, glucose recovery from hypoglycemia was significantly impaired during β-adrenergic blockade in diabetic patients. This finding confirms the hypothesis that such patients are more dependent upon epinephrine-mediated β-adrenergic mechanisms to promote glucose recovery from hypoglycemia and indicates that the measured deficiency of glucagon secretion is functionally important in patients with IDDM. Further, in the time frame of these studies, posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia was prevented by β-adrenergic blockade in these patients. There was considerable heterogeneity among the diabetic patients with respect to the degree to which β-adrenergic blockade limited the posthypoglycemic rise in plasma glucose. This rise was directly related to the degree of residual glucagon secretion and inversely related to plasma-free insulin concentrations.
Africa and North America have highest rates of preterm births
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Africa and North America have the highest rates of preterm births, the World Health Organization has found in a global overview.

The report’s authors estimate that in 2005 12.9 million births, or 9.6% of all births worldwide, were preterm, defined as occurring at less than 37 weeks of gestation ( Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010;88:31-8, doi:10.2471/BLT.08.062554). About 11 million (85%) of these preterm births were in Africa and Asia, while about 0.5 million occurred in each of Europe and North America (excluding Mexico) and …
`A Modern View of the Surgical Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease'
Authors: Carl Mankowitz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

MILLER and Griepp<sup>1</sup>presented a lucid description of the current state of the art in the surgery of peripheral vascular disease. Because of the authoritative nature of such an article, we believe that it is important to present a different point of view. The authors have fallen prey to two fallacies—one fairly subtle, the other a more usual type. In the first instance, they convey the impression that the peripheral arteries are all equivalent. Methods of diagnosis and treatment that work for one should work for all. This ignores the exceedingly important differences between the structures and organs those arteries supply. The brain, which is supplied by the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries, is totally different in its function and importance from either the foot or any of the viscera. In our opinion, transposing surgical methods that may be effective in preventing gangrene of the foot to the extracerebral vasculature