tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-Measurement of Blood Glucose: Accuracy of Self-Reported Data and Adherence to Recommended Regimen
Authors: Linda A Gonder-Frederick, Diana M Julian, Daniel J Cox, William L Clarke, William R Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Reflectance meters containing memory chips were used in a study that addressed several questions concerning routine use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), including accuracy of patient blood glucose (BG) diaries, reliability of self-reported frequency of SMBG, and adherence to recommended SMBG regimen. Thirty adults with insulin-dependent diabetes used memory meters and recorded test results in diaries for 2 wk while performing their normal SMBG regimen. Analysis of glucose diaries showed that only 23% of the subjects had no diary errors and 47% had clinically accurate diaries (&amp;gt;10% error rate). The most common types of errors were omissions of values contained in meter memory and additions of values not contained in meter memory, with significantly more omissions than additions. Alterations of test values (e.g., changing a 300-mg/dl reading to 200 mg/dl) were extremely rare. There was no difference in the rate of errors that resulted in a more positive clinical profile (omitting unacceptable values and adding acceptable values) or a more negative clinical profile (omitting acceptable values and adding unacceptable values). Examination of the actual frequency of SMBG showed that most subjects (56.6%) measured their BG an average of two to three times each day. Self-report of SMBG frequency correlated with both actual frequency and HbA1. Although actual frequency of SMBG was not related to physicians' recommendations, the majority (64%) of subjects were self-testing as often or more often than they had been instructed.
Cardiovascular effects of angiotensin mediated by the central nervous system of the rabbit
Authors: C. Rosendorff, R. D. Lowe, H. Lavery, W. I. Cranston
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

In rabbits, injection of angiotensin II into the lateral cerebral ventricle caused a rise of blood pressure, bradycardia, and tachypnoea. Vertebral artery infusions of angiotensin caused tachycardia and a larger increase in blood pressure than the same dose infused intravenously. Angiotensin produces cardiovascular effects by activation of the central nervous system and one site of action is within the area of distribution of the vertebral artery.
Interleukin 1 immunoreactivity in sebaceous glands
Authors: H. S. I. ANTTILA, S. REITAMO, J-H. SAURAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) immunoreactivity in sebaceous glands was studied in paraffin sections of normal human skin. A panel of antibodies against IL-1 alpha and beta was tested using an immunoperoxidase labelling method. All the antibodies showed a similar specific labelling pattern: both glandular and ductal cells were immunoreactive for both IL-1 alpha and beta, provided optimal tissue fixation was used.
Testosterone increases thromboxane A2 receptors in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: A Masuda, R Mathur, P V Halushka
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated increased contractile responses to thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimetics in aortas obtained from male rats compared with those obtained from females. This study was designed to determine the effects of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol treatment on TXA2 receptors in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). TXA2 receptor affinity and density were determined through equilibrium binding experiments using the TXA2/prostaglandin H2 mimetic [1S-(1 alpha,2 beta(5Z),3 alpha(1E,3R*),4 alpha)]-7-[3-(3- hydroxy-4-(4'-125iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hep tan-2-yl]- 5-heptenoic acid (125I-BOP). Incubation with testosterone (100 nM) for 24 or 48 hours resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) 31% and 48% increase in TXA2 receptor density without any change in affinity. 17 beta-Estradiol (100 nM) had no significant effect on either the density or affinity of TXA2 receptors. Coincubation with the testosterone receptor antagonist hydroxyflutamide (1 microM) blocked the testosterone-induced increase in TXA2 receptor density. The maximum increase in intracellular free calcium induced by I-BOP was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in testosterone-treated RASMCs than controls. Similarly, increases in inositol trisphosphate induced by the TXA2/prostaglandin H2 mimetic U46619 were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in testosterone-treated RASMCs compared with controls. The results demonstrate that testosterone increases vascular TXA2 receptor density and support the notion that sex steroid hormones modulate the expression of this receptor.
Pro- and Anti-Sleep Cytokines Regulate Attention and Sleep Disorders in Older Children and Adolescents with Advanced HIV Disease
Authors: S.B. Foster, M.E. Paul, D.G. Glaze, J.M. Reuben, L.L. Harris, E.N. Cohen, B. Lee, C.A. Kozinetz, S.G. Cron, H.L. Schwarzwald, M.W. Kline, C.D. Jackson, A.J. Loeb, P.R. Frerking, P.Y. Brouwers, W.T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Learning, development, and synaptic plasticity: The avian connection
Authors: Johan J. Bolhuis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Quartz &amp; Sejnowski's target article concentrates on the development of a number of neural parameters, especially neuronal processes, in the mammalian brain. Data on learning-related changes in spines and synapses in the developing avian brain are consistent with a constructivist interpretation. The issue of an integration of selectionist and constructivist views is discussed.
The effects of procainamide on conduction in anisotropic canine ventricular myocardium.
Authors: A H Kadish, J F Spear, J H Levine, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Although conduction velocity in cardiac tissue is dependent on fiber orientation, the influence of commonly used antiarrhythmic agents on conduction longitudinal and transverse to such fibers is unknown. We evaluated the effects of procainamide on conduction velocity and intracellular potentials in vitro during conduction longitudinal and transverse to fiber orientation in epicardial strips obtained from areas of uniform fiber orientation from 15 adult mongrel dogs. Ventricular epicardial strips demonstrated marked anisotropy. At a pacing cycle length of 1000 msec, mean conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation averaged 0.602 +/- 0.051 m/sec and mean conduction velocity transverse to fiber orientation was 0.186 +/- 0.024 m/sec, resulting in a ratio of longitudinal to transverse conduction velocities of (theta L/T) 3.27 +/- 0.38. After the addition of procainamide, conduction velocity decreased to 0.532 +/- 0.062 m/sec longitudinal to fiber orientation and to 0.174 +/- 0.023 m/sec transverse to fiber orientation resulting in a decrease of theta L/T to 3.09 +/- 0.37 (p less than .05 vs control). Before the addition of procainamide, when pacing at progressively shorter cycle lengths, conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation was relatively unchanged, whereas conduction velocity transverse to fiber orientation decreased resulting in an increase in theta L/T. After the addition of procainamide, conduction velocity at shorter pacing cycle lengths decreased both longitudinal and transverse to fiber orientation demonstrating the well-known use-dependent effect of procainamide. However, in contrast to control conditions, conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation was slowed by a greater extent than the conduction transverse to fiber orientation, resulting in an even greater decrease in theta L/T. To investigate the effect of differences in drug binding during propagation in different directions, we examined conduction velocity during alternations in pacing direction and compared it with velocity during steady-state pacing. At a pacing cycle length of 1000 msec, no difference was observed between the initial conduction velocity after changing pacing directions and the steady-state conduction velocity. At pacing cycle lengths shorter than 1000 msec, when changing from transverse to longitudinal conduction, there was an initial drop in normalized conduction velocity that was present on the first beat of longitudinal conduction; however, with continued pacing in a longitudinal direction there was a further decrease in conduction velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TCT-70 Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between Sirolimus, Paclitaxel, Everolimus-Eluting Stent and SeQuent™ Please, a Drug-Eluting Balloon on the Outcome of Patients with Diffuse In-Stent Restenosis after Bare Metal Stent Implantation
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 5085: Less tumor engraftment after anti-VEGF therapy in pediatric low grade astrocytoma.
Authors: Mariska Sie, Arend H. Sikkema, Frank J.G. Scherpen, Arja ter Elst, Kim R. Kampen, Eelco W. Hoving, Wilfred F.a. den Dunnen, Eveline S.j.m. de Bont
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction. Low grade astrocytomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children. Although children can benefit from treatments including neurosurgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, still children die due to tumor progression. Furthermore, morbidity can be serious. So new therapeutic strategies are warranted for these patients. Previously, we showed that angiogenesis is a characteristic of pediatric low grade astrocytoma (Sie et al, NAN 2010). Therefore, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the most critical angiogenic factor, may be a potential therapeutic target. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of VEGF inhibition in vitro and in vivo in pediatric low grade astrocytoma. Materials and methods. Three different pediatric low grade astrocytoma cell lines were used: Res-186 (WHO grade I astrocytoma), Res-259 and UW-467 (WHO grade II astrocytoma). Effects in vitro of the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies, bevacizumab (0 - 50 ug/ml, Avastin®, anti human VEGF) and B20-4.1.1 (0 - 200 ug/ml, anti human and mouse VEGF) were studied using a WST-1 cell viability assay and a cell proliferation assay with BRDU. Res-259 cells were orthotopically implanted in NOD-scid IL2Rgnull mice. After 6 weeks of treatment intraperitoneal twice weekly with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), B20-4.1.1 (5 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline as control group, mice were euthanized and tumor engraftment was studied in brain slides using Aperio's imagescope viewer. Results. In vitro cell growth was not changed as measured by WST-1 and BRDU incorporation. In vivo results showed less tumor engraftment in bevacizumab (n = 10) and B20-4.1.1 (n = 9) treated mice compared with the control group (n = 10) (resp. 70%, 44%, 100%). In the bevacizumab and B20-4.1.1 treated mice tumor mass was lower as compared with controls (resp. P = 0.062, P = 0.001). Conclusion(s). This study showed less tumor engraftment after anti-VEGF therapy in a newly developed pediatric low grade astrocytoma mouse model. In these tumors anti-VEGF seems to work especially on tumor microenvironment. Suggesting that anti-VEGF could have a potential role in the therapeutic strategy for children with low grade astrocytoma, thoughtfulness on possible tumor escape mechanisms that may arise will be crucial. [W.F.A. den Dunnen and E.S.J.M. de Bont shared senior authorship.] Citation Format: Mariska Sie, Arend H. Sikkema, Frank J.G. Scherpen, Arja ter Elst, Kim R. Kampen, Eelco W. Hoving, Wilfred F.a. den Dunnen, Eveline S.j.m. de Bont. Less tumor engraftment after anti-VEGF therapy in pediatric low grade astrocytoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5085
Thoracic Spinal Origin of Pain From Cord Compression Due to Disk Prolapse
Authors: T. K. F. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The contribution of Drs. Langfitt and Elliott (<b>200</b>:382, 1967) emphasizes the clinical significance of low back and leg pain in cervical spinal cord compression. In this region of the spine, true disk prolapse, namely the "soft" sequestrated disk, is quite uncommon, and usually a spondylotic bar is the offending agent. Comparable peripheral symptoms are also prominent, and often misleading, when there is medullary involvement by posterior displacement of<i>thoracic</i>intervertebral disk tissue, which is also a relatively infrequent but important cause of spinal cord compression. Inasmuch as the pain patterns associated with thoracic disk prolapse received limited emphasis from Love and Schorn,<sup>1</sup>it is appropriate to call attention to the diagnostic importance of low back and leg pain in disease involving vertebral disk prolapse. The pain patterns in 18 surgically treated patients with spinal cord compression due to prolapse of a thoracic intervertebral disk have
Edema in Hot Weather
Authors: Milton Kissin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Nov 25 issue of The Journal (230:1201, 1974), a correspondent wrote to inquire about the physiological basis for puffiness of the feet and ankles of women during hot weather. It may be pointed out that men, too, have swelling of the lower extremities during hot weather. In the days when men wore circular garters, it was common to note that they were too tight at the end of a hot day. The best explanation that I know was given by Eugene Landis in "The Mechanism of Edema Formation," which appeared in<i>Modern Concepts of Cardiovascular Disease</i>, vol 4, No. 11, November 1935: Heat produces peripheral vasodilation, raises capillary blood pressure conspicuously and, through relaxation of capillaries, increases the area of endothelium available for filtration. Patients frequently observe spontaneously that warm weather and local heat accentuate their edema.
Breast feeding and HIV infection.
Authors: W. A. Cutting
Journal: BMJ (1992)

There are considerable data suggesting that breast milk and colostrum transmit HIV. The European Collaborative Study shows the risk of transmission of HIV from breast milk to infant to be about 28%. A study in Rwanda indicates that transmission is more likely to take place during viremia which occurs during primary HIV infection and later with progression to AIDS. Postnatal transmission in this study stood at about 60%. Breast feeding protects against diarrhea and respiratory infections. A study in Brazil demonstrates that infants who were not breast fed were at 14.2 and 3.6 higher risk of death from diarrhea and respiratory infections, respectively, than breast-fed infants. These risks are especially great where poverty, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene predominate. A study in Malaysia shows that infants living in a household with no piped water and no toilet and were not breast-fed faced a 5-fold risk of death after 1 week of age than breast-fed infants living under the same conditions. This risk continued to be high (2.5) for non-breast-fed infants living in a household with piped water and a toilet. In developed countries, affordable formula, clean water, and adequate facilities for sterilizing bottles allows HIV positive mothers to bottle feed their infants which should reduce the vertical transmission rate. In developing countries, however, bottle feeding is expensive and hazardous. Governments often cannot provide potable water and sanitation services. In addition, mathematical models demonstrate that for HIV positive mothers, the risk of infant death is lower in infants who breast feed than in those who do not. Thus, in those areas of the world where infectious diseases and malnutrition are the leading causes of infant death, health workers should promote breast feeding regardless of HIV status of the mothers.
Thrombocytopenic purpura in patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, successfully treated with mercaptopurine.
Authors: M. H. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Medical MemorandaJouBA 93 (Doriden), methyprylone (Noludar), ethchlorvynol (Arvynol), and meprobamate (Miltown, Equanil) (Brit.med.7., 1964; Wood and Flippin, 1965).The clinical features described in these studies correspond very closely with those found in our patient.Methaqualone has been shown to be a potent hypnotic (Parsons and Thomson, 1961 ; Duchastel, 1962).It is marketed in the United Kingdom as Melsedin, and in combination with diphenhydramine as Mandrax.It is sold in the U.S.A. as Quaalude.Melsedin was described as a non-barbiturate hypnotic that "produces natural sleep" and to which neither tolerance nor addiction had been attributed.The makers have told us that they now know of four cases of addiction, in addition to the one reported here, three of the patients con- cerned having a history of addiction also to barbiturates or alcohol (J.W. Buckler, personal communication, 1966).Mandrax is claimed to have an action that is " quite different from that of the barbiturates and almost all other hypnotics."No addiction had been reported to the makers, who pointed out (February 1966) that their product had been generally available for only four months (A.L. Macnair, personal communication, 1966).Though recent neurophysiological methods of investigation of the action of drugs on sleep (Oswald and Thacore, 1963; Oswald and Priest, 1965) may eventually clarify the relevance of withdrawal syndromes, at present the clinical picture of delirium tremens is one means of categorizing the pharmacological action of psychotropic drugs.Apart from the remarkabk experiments of Isbell and his colleagues it seems that at present we must rely on those patients who abuse their drugs to assist us in this classification.
Guidelines for local research ethics committees.
Authors: P. C. Moodie, T. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Appointing authority and responsibilityAs before, the district health authority will appoint the committee, but the committee's responsibility has been extended to reviewing research on humans undertaken by any NHS body-that is, including the family health services authorities, special health authorities, or trusts, as well as NHS patients treated elsewhere.However, the committee now has only an advisory role in relation to the research, and the NHS body
A memorable patient: A question of confidence
Authors: T. Stammers
Journal: BMJ (2001)

She took so long in answering the door and was so breathless when she did so, that I immediately thought that Agnes should be in hospital. A brief chat and examination in her cramped sitting room confirmed that she was in severe left ventricular failure, which had been worsening for nearly a week. I had never met her before, and she was obviously distressed that my partner, who usually sees her, could not come.

“I think we should send for an ambulance to get you into hospital for a few days,” I ventured.

Her face froze with fear: “Oh, no. Hospitals are such awful places—noisy, dirty, and, of course, you read about so many mistakes being made and old people being so badly treated nowadays.” She wouldn't hear of it.

Sadly, this has been a common enough reaction from older patients in my experience for a long time. What followed, however, was completely new to me.

“Never mind then, we'll try an injection of some medicine instead to get all this fluid off your lungs.” I was already reaching for the ampoule when the look of horror flashed over her for a second time.

“Isn't there a tablet I can have instead, doctor?”

I seemed to read her mind and thought I could see her reading mine. “Well, I could give you the same medicine in tablets. Have you got anyone who can get it for you quickly?” (I do not usually carry frusemide tablets with me).

Her nephew was on his way, and she was expecting him in about 20 minutes, so I left her with the prescription. The next day her regular doctor went in to review her and told me she was much better.

But I was not. Though his name was never mentioned, I was deeply troubled that Agnes might have worried that I could be another Harold Shipman when I wanted to inject her. Months later, I was still wondering if I wanted to carry on practising in a so called health service where elderly patients are not only alarmed by the standard of care they assume they will get in hospital but now also fear that any general practitioner they have not seen before cannot be trusted to give them an injection. What a sad commentary on the current climate in which we practise.

As the Elijah mood grew upon me, I thought that this would make a good story for the BMJ. But first it was essential to find out if my hunch had been correct. My longsuffering partner agreed to visit Agnes once more and ask her about it. “Oh, no,” she smiled, “I've always had a mortal fear of needles. That was all.”

But, of course, it wasn't quite all. Though delighted to discover my interpretation of events was unfounded, I remain unsettled by this episode. It shows that, even though Shipman's legacy may not have destroyed the confidence of my patients in me, it has substantially reduced my confidence in treating them.
Urine Radiography of Excreted Iodide
Authors: Burton P. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Excretory urine radiography is a technique which measures quantitatively the amount of organic iodine contained in a urine sample collected after the intravenous injection of a contrast medium. It can be employed as an adjunct to intravenous pyelography. The procedure simply requires inspection of a roentgenogram of urine voided 30 minutes after the injection of 30 cc. of a renal contrast agent. The shadow of the specimen is compared with that of a standard with respect to film density. The standard consists of an x-ray exposure of an aluminum stepladder wedge so machined that its film densities fall within the anticipated density range of excreted iodine in the urine. The validity of this method has been established by comparing the results with those obtained by two other methods of measuring the urinary excretion of iodine.