tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Glucose Tolerance and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Alberto C Frati, Felipe Iniestra, C Raul Ariza
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute effect of cigarette smoking on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This nonrandomized experimental control trial in a tertiary care center included 20 healthy chronic smokers and 20 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy volunteers. Two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed on each subject. Three cigarettes were smoked during the first 30 min in one of the tests. Serum glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured every 30 min; the area under the curve (AUC) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated; serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured at 0 and 180 min; and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every 5 min throughout 180 min. RESULTS Smoking acutely impaired glucose tolerance: the AUC for glucose in smokers was 25.5 ± 1.03 mmol/l (mean ± SE) (95% CI 22.9–28) during the smoking OGTT and 21.8 ± 0.85 mmol/l (CI 19.2–24.3) in the control OGTT (P &amp;lt; 0.01); in nonsmokers, it was 19.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l (CI 18.8–20.5) in the smoking OGTT and 18.7 ± 0.35 mmol/l (CI 17.8–19.5) in the control OGTT (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Smoking acutely increased serum insulin and C-peptide levels and decreased ISI only in smokers: ISI in smokers was 55 ± 2.8 (CI 47.4–62.6) in the control OGTT and 43 ± 2.7 (CI 35.4–50.6) in the smoking OGTT (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Smoking acutely caused a rise of serum total cholesterol levels in both groups and increased LDL cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels significantly only in smokers (P &amp;lt; 0.05). A significant rise of blood pressure and heart rate while smoking was present in all the subjects. CONCLUSIONS Smoking acutely impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, enhanced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and raised blood pressure and heart rate. These findings support the pathogenetic role of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular risk factors.
Timely Surgical Follow-up for Melanoma Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Elaine Lin, Jerry D. Brewer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Serum Glycoside Concentrations in Digitalis Toxic Patients.
Authors: Leonard W. Ritzmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Serum Glycoside Concentrations in Digitalis Toxic Patients.Leonard W. Ritzmann, M.D., Cameron C. Bangs, M.D., Diane Coiner, B.S., John M. Custis, B.S., John R. Walsh, M.D.Leonard W. Ritzmann, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Cameron C. Bangs, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Diane Coiner, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, John M. Custis, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, John R. Walsh, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1080_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of serum glycoside concentrations in assessing digitalis toxicity was studied. Lowenstein's method for glycoside levels was adapted for clinical use by modifications giving greater accuracy and rapidity. This assay is based on the observation that small concentrations of glycoside inhibit the erythrocyte uptake of radioisotope rhubidium-86 (86Rb). Dichloromethane extract of glycoside from the patient's serum was incubated 2 hr with a red cell suspension and86Rb. After five saline washings, the erythrocyte86Rb radiation was measured in a well counter. The serum glycoside level was then determined by comparison of the86Rb counts to standard curves obtained from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leonard W. Ritzmann, M.D.; Cameron C. Bangs, M.D.; Diane Coiner, B.S.; John M. Custis, B.S.; John R. Walsh, M.D.Affiliations: Portland, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNewer Concepts Regarding Digitalis Therapy 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1080-1080 Keywords Attention Glycosides Toxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Beta-Lactam Antibiotic Therapy in Febrile Granulocytopenic Patients
Authors: Drew J. Winston, Winston G. Ho, David A. Bruckner, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪ Objective: To compare the efficacy, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness of double beta-lactam therapy with monotherapy. ▪ Design: A randomized, controlled trial. ▪ Patients: Febrile, granulocytopenic patients (429). ▪ Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive iv cefoperazone (3 g every 12 hours) plus piperacillin (75 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours), ceftazidime (2 g every 8 hours) plus piperacillin (75 mg/kg every 6 hours), or imipenem alone (1.0 g or 0.5 g every 6 hours). Patients also received prophylactic vitamin K. ▪ Measurements: Clinical improvement, eradication of the infecting organism, and toxicity in 403 evaluable patients with one or more infections. ▪ Main Results: Cefoperazone and ceftazidime, when given in combination with piperacillin, were equally effective (response rates of 75% (104 of 138 patients) and 74% (101 of 137 patients), respectively). Monotherapy with imipenem had a response rate of 82% (111 of 136 patients) and was as effective as double beta-lactam therapy. Overall antibiotic-related toxicity was minimal, although seizures were associated with high doses of imipenem. Seizures occurred in 3 of 29 patients (10.3%) who were receiving 4 g/d of imipenem, in 3 of 136 patients (2.2%) who were receiving cefoperazone plus piperacillin, in 0 of the 132 patients who were receiving ceftazidime plus piperacillin, and in 1 of 106 patients (0.9%) who were receiving 2 g/d of imipenem (P < 0.005). The 2-g daily dose of imipenem was as effective as the 4-g daily dose. Diarrhea was more frequent in patients receiving cefoperazone, whereas nausea occurred more often with imipenem. No antibiotic-related hemorrhage or nephrotoxicity was observed. Superinfections caused by betalactam-resistant, gram-negative bacilli were uncommon but occurred more frequently with double beta-lactam therapy than with imipenem monotherapy (11 of 268 patients compared with 1 of 135 patients; P = 0.06). Xanthomonas maltophilia superinfections occurred only in patients receiving imipenem (3 of 135 patients compared with 0 of 268 patients; P = 0.03). Imipenem monotherapy was the least expensive therapy. ▪ Conclusions: Cefoperazone and ceftazidime were equally effective when used in combination antibiotic therapy with piperacillin. Twice-daily cefoperazone is less expensive than ceftazidime given three times daily. Monotherapy with imipenem, at a daily dose of 2 g, is as efficacious as double beta-lactam therapy and costs less than combination therapy.
Managing Systemic Mycoses in the Compromised Host
Authors: Stephen D. Codish
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE therapy is now being used more frequently as a result of its proved value in several areas of medicine. Infection secondary to impaired resistance is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients treated with these agents.<sup>1-5</sup>Fatal infections following immunosuppression are most often seen in patients with advanced malignant disease or after transplantation, and the incidence of infection is greater in patients receiving steroids, antilymphocyte serum, and combination antineoplastic chemotherapy.<sup>2,4,5</sup> <h3>Candida</h3> <i>Candida</i>is the most frequently encountered fungus in cancer and transplant patients.<sup>2,6,7</sup>Antibacterial agents have a special role in candidiasis since they increase colonization of the skin and mucous membranes with<i>Candida</i>species, particularly<i>C albicans</i>.<sup>8</sup>Localizing symptoms of candidiasis are usually confined to the distal esophagus or bladder but sometimes result from endophthalmitis, meningitis, arthritis, perforation of an abdominal viscus, or emboli from endocarditis.<sup>8,9</sup>Roentgenographic evidence of<i>Candida</i>pneumonitis typically
Polymorphic light eruption: an immunopathological study of evolving lesions
Authors: P.G. NORRIS, JENNY MORRIS, D.M. MCGIBBON, A.C. CHU, J.L.M. HAWK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) papules were successfully induced on previously affected sites in 11 out of 14 patients with PLE 4–20 h after single exposures to suberythemogenic doses of solar simulated radiation. Histological examination of biopsies performed 1 h, 5 h, 24 h, 72 h and 144 h post‐irradiation revealted onset within 5 h of perivascular cellular infiltration. The infiltrate was dominated by lymphocytes in both early and established lesions, without evident epidermal pathology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a predominance of CD4 + cells in lesions up to 72 h post‐induction, but later biopsies were dominated by a CD8 + infiltrate. Significantly increased numbers of dermal macrophages and CD1b + cells were detected 1 h and 5 h post‐irradiation, respectively. These findings are consistent with a delayed type hypersensitivity response underlying the pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption.
Tumor‐Targeting Multifunctional Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sook Hee Ku, Kwangmeyung Kim, Kuiwon Choi, Sun Hwa Kim, Ick Chan Kwon
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring regulatory process that controls posttranscriptional gene expression. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), a common form of RNAi‐based therapeutics, offers new opportunities for cancer therapy via silencing specific genes, which are associated to cancer progress. However, clinical applications of RNAi‐based therapy are still limited due to the easy degradation of siRNA during body circulation and the difficulty in the delivery of siRNA to desired tissues and cells. Thus, there have been many efforts to develop efficient siRNA delivery systems, which protect siRNA from serum nucleases and deliver siRNA to the intracellular region of target cells. Here, the recent advances in siRNA nanocarriers, which possess tumor‐targeting ability are reviewed; various nanoparticle systems and their antitumor effects are summarized. The development of multifunctional nanocarriers for theranostics or combinatorial therapy is also discussed.
98 OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF LIVER MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FIBROSIS STAGE AND DISTRIBUTION IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: R. Aparcero, E. Aranda-Guerrero, E. Gómez-González, L. Rojas, I. Moreno, D. Ramírez-Martínez, A. Fernández-Argüelles, R. Gallego-Durán, M.J. Pareja, R. Andrade, M. Romero-Gómez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Dermatologic Conditions Misdiagnosed as Evidence of Child Abuse
Authors: Peter J. Koblenzer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The report by Mss Herman-Giddens and Berson<sup>1</sup>documenting traumatic genital care practices in children emphasizes once more the many and varied forms of child abuse. The putative numbers are mind-boggling and the harm done is immeasurable. As physicians, we must strive to the utmost to alleviate this intolerable situation, but scientific objectivity must not be sacrificed. I refer to case 3 in the article by Mss Herman-Giddens and Berson. It is clear that the behavior of the father is inappropriate and potentially harmful to the girl's psychosexual development. Examination of the photograph, however, points to a diagnosis of juvenile lichen sclerosus et atrophicus rather than the steroid effect suggested in the text. Of unknown etiology, evolution of the lesions takes place over a period of years, and resolution might not be complete until puberty. Symptoms that include burning micturition and chronic pruritus are common. I
Trends in Bile Acid Reserch: Falk Symposium 52. Edited by G. Paumgartner, A Stiehl and W. Gerok, 385 pp. Boston and London:Kluwer Academic Publications, 1989. $89.00
Authors: Thomas R. Holzbach
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

HepatologyVolume 11, Issue 2 p. 330-331 Book ReviewFree Access Trends in bile acid reserch: Falk Symposium 52. Edited by G. Paumgartner, A Stiehl and W. Gerok, 385 pp. Boston and London:Kluwer Academic Publications, 1989. $89.00 R. Thomas Holzbach, R. Thomas Holzbach Head, Gastroinetestinal Reserch Unit, Cleveland Clinical Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44016Search for more papers by this author R. Thomas Holzbach, R. Thomas Holzbach Head, Gastroinetestinal Reserch Unit, Cleveland Clinical Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44016Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840110231AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume11, Issue2February 1990Pages 330-331 RelatedInformation
TCT-600 Six-Month Results of the DESolve Novolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold for the Treatment of Single, De Novo, Coronary Artery Lesions: Serial OCT Analysis from the Pivotal, Prospective Multicenter DESolve NX
Authors: Daniel Chamie, Stefan Verheye, Joachim Schofer, Jose D. Costa, Ricardo A. Costa, Andrea Abizaid, Yan John, Vinayak Bbhat, Lynn Morrison, Sara Toyloy, Alexandre Abizaid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Underrecognition of Dementia by Caregivers Cuts Across Cultures
Authors: Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article, Dr Ross and colleagues<sup>1</sup>showed that dementia frequently remains unrecognized by relatives of home-dwelling subjects with dementia. Among factors associated with unrecognized dementia, a few behavioral complications and functional disabilities are worthy of some comment. Indeed, we found that patients whose dementia was recognized on the occasion of an unrelated hospital stay continued to do some activity after retirement, were considered by their relatives to run a negligible risk in performing such activities, and could receive adequate informal support.<sup>2</sup>As hypothesized by Ross and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>poor awareness of the presentation of dementia and respect for the elderly contributed to prevent dementia recognition. Additionally, relatives of patients unrecognized to be demented thought that drugs and institutionalization could not help manage dementia.<sup>2</sup>Interestingly, these conditions clustered in rural areas: rural residence and low occupational role before retirement were independent correlates of unrecognized dementia. In this
Clinical trial results often overstate benefits of treatment
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Failings in the way that clinical trials are designed and presented may lead doctors to overstate the benefit of treatments, experts warned last week.

The conference on clinical trials, organised by the James Lind Alliance and the Lancet and held at the Royal Society of Medicine in London, also heard that key groups of participants were often excluded from clinical studies and as a result were denied the benefits of evidence based medicine. Stephen Holgate, professor of immunopharmacology at Southampton University, said that children and elderly people were “especially neglected” in this area.

As another …
Uncommon Scintigraphic Findings of Muitiple Hepatic Hemangiomas
Authors: MAHMOUD EL-DESOUKI, ISMAEL A. JOHARJY, AHMED M. AL-MUZRAKCHI, SAMI A. BASHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m labeled red blood cell scintigraphy is a valuable, noninvasive technique for differentiating hepatic hemangioma from other lesions by demonstrating a “perfusion blood pool mismatch.” The characteristic finding on dynamic CT scan of peripheral and subsequent central enhancement is not usually seen on Tc-99m RBC angiography, probably due to rapid mixing and dilution of the radionuclide and low resolution of the gamma camera. A case of multiple hepatic hemangioma is presented in which Tc-99m RBC dynamic angiography demonstrated peripheral enhancement with subsequent central filling. In addition, delayed static images showed more hepatic lesions.
Intestinal tolerability of nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen in rats.
Authors: S Somasundaram, S Rafi, M Jacob, G Sigthorsson, T Mahmud, R Sherwood, A B Price, A Macpherson, D Scott, J M Wrigglesworth, I Bjarnason
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are thought to be much less ulcerogenic than their parent compounds. AIM: To compare the effect and potency of flurbiprofen and nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen to uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (an early pathogenic event in NSAID enteropathy), increase intestinal permeability (transitional stage), and cause macroscopic small intestinal damage. METHODS: In vitro uncoupling potency was assessed using isolated coupled rat liver mitochondria and in vivo by electron microscopy of rat small intestinal mucosa (two hours after the drugs). A dose-response study with flurbiprofen (single doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) and equimolar doses of nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen was performed; assessing their effect on intestinal permeability (at 18-20 hours), with 51Cr EDTA, and the number of pointed (&lt; 5 mm) and longitudinal (&gt; 5 mm) small intestinal ulcers at 24 hours. RESULTS: Flurbiprofen, but not nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen, stimulated coupled respiration in vitro. Both drugs, however, uncoupled in vivo; in the case of nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen possibly because hydrolysis of its ester bond released free flurbiprofen. Intestinal permeability was uniformly and equally increased with both drugs compared with controls. The number of small intestinal ulcers, pointed and longitudinal, was significantly reduced with nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen apart from the number of longitudinal ulcers with the highest dose. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that nitroxybutyl-flurbiprofen is associated with significantly less macroscopic damage in the small intestine than flurbiprofen but was associated with mitochondrial damage in vivo and caused similar increases in permeability of the small intestine, suggesting that its beneficial effect is on the later pathogenic stages of the damage.
Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol Action in Lung Cancer Cells Using Dual Protein and Microarray Analyses
Authors: Lorna Whyte, Yuan-Yen Huang, Karen Torres, Rajendra G. Mehta
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Resveratrol, a natural phytoestrogen found in red wine and a variety of plants, is reported to have protective effects against lung cancer; however, there is little work directed toward the understanding of the mechanism of its action in this disease. In this study, we used a combination of experimental approaches to understand the biological activity and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol. Microarray gene expression profiling and high-throughput immunoblotting (PowerBlot) methodologies were employed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol action in human lung cancer cells. In this report, we confirm the up-regulation of p53 and p21 and the induction of apoptosis by the activation of the caspases and the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane complex. We show the arrest of A549 cells in the G1 phase of cell cycle in the presence of resveratrol and also report alterations in both gene and protein expressions of cyclin A, chk1, CDC27, and Eg5. Furthermore, the results indicated that resveratrol action is mediated via the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly through the Smad proteins. Results showed the down-regulation of the Smad activators 2 and 4 and the up-regulation of the repressor Smad 7 as a result of resveratrol treatment. Resveratrol is a potent inhibitor of A549 lung cancer cell growth, and our results suggest that resveratrol may be a promising chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):12007–17]
Newcastle centre gains licence for therapeutic cloning
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The United Kingdom has granted its first licence for researchers to create human embryonic stem cells by means of cell nuclear transfer, otherwise known as therapeutic cloning, prompting excitement among scientists—and anger among pro-life groups. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) granted the licence on 11 August to Professor Alison Murdoch and Dr Miodrag Stojkovic at the Newcastle Centre for Life, who will use the stem cells they generate to research diabetes, among other diseases.
PROTEIN AND PELLAGRA
Authors: M. HINDHEDE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

I have followed  discussion on pellagra and its causes in  American scientific periodicals with great interest. Here I shall simply discuss  question: Is  cause of pellagra  lack of animal food? Goldberger and Tanner,1from their observations, conclude that the dominating role of diet in  prevention and causation of pellagra must be referred primarily to  character of  protein (animo-acid) supply, this being  only other dietary factor at present known to be necessary to physiological wellbeing.  Is this conclusion correct? In my opinion, it is not. While I have not experimented with pellagra,  question of protein has been, in a way, my specialty. I was born and brought up in  country among farmers in  western part of Jutland. In my childhood—fifty years ago—the food consisted chiefly of bread, porridge, potatoes and milk, to which was added a little fat
ASSOCIATION OF HSCRP AND SIX MONTHS ANGIOGRAPHIC AND TWO YEARS CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF THE PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Seung Woon Rha, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Meera Kumari, Ji Young Park, Byoung Geol Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Occlusion studies are ambiguous
Authors: Philip Lempert
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The editorial1 and report2 about occlusion treatment for amblyopia include ambiguities. Loudon and Simonz did not consider anatomic defects as the aetiology for severe visual impairments, attributing poor outcomes solely to compliance failure.1

Amblyopia is a diagnosis of exclusion applied after eliminating organic causes of impaired vision. Optic nerve hypoplasia, for …