tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vein Bypass Graft and Carbon Dioxide Gas Endarterectomy For Coronary Artery Occlusive Disease
Authors: Harold C. Urschel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A combination of a vein bypass graft from the aorta to the left anterior descending coronary artery for stenosis of the proximal part of the coronary artery and carbon dioxide gas endarterectomy for total obstruction of a right coronary artery was successfully performed in two patients. This demonstrates the value of direct reconstructive surgery for patients with coronary artery occlusive disease.
TNF concentration in fatal cerebral, non-fatal cerebral, and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: D. Kwiatkowski, I. Sambou, P. Twumasi, B.M. Greenwood, A.V.S. Hill, K.R. Manogue, A. Cerami, J. Castracane, D.R. Brewster
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Interaction of immunoglobulins with liposomes.
Authors: G Weissmann, A Brand, E C Franklin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Liposomes were used as model targets to test the effect of immunoglobulins on biomembranes. Heat-aggregated immunoglobulins (Ig) exceeded native immunoglobulins in their capacity to release anions and glucose from model liposomes (either lecithin-dicetyl-phosphate-cholesterol or lecithin-stearylamine-cholesterol in molar ratios of 7:2:1). This interaction was not dependent upon the presence of cholesterol in the membrane. Mild heat-aggregation (10 min at 61.5 degrees C) increased the membrane-perturbing activity of certain Ig. Activity varied among classes and subclasses: IgG1 > pooled IgG > IgG4 > IgA1 > IgG3. IgG2, IgA2 and IgM were inert. Fc fragments of IgG were as active as IgG1, whereas Fab fragments were inactive. Prolonging aggregation to 60 min destroyed the activity of Ig. Membrane-activity could not be induced in non-Ig molecules (such as bovine serum albumin) by 10 or 60 min heat-aggregation. Density gradient centrifugation of IgG1 molecules indicated that membrane perturbing activity was associated with 15-20-s aggregates. Sepharose 4B chromatography demonstrated preferential interaction between cationic membranes and aggregated Ig, whereas anionic membranes interacted nonselectively with both native and aggregated Ig via salt-like interactions. One explanation for these data is that heat aggregation induces a conformational change in the Fc regions of certain Ig permitting them to interact with liposomes, presumably by enhancing their hydrophobic associations with membrane phospholipids.
Identification of Candidate Genes Downstream of TLR4 Signaling after Ozone Exposure in Mice: A Role for Heat-Shock Protein 70
Authors: Alison K. Bauer, Elizabeth A. Rondini, Kristin A. Hummel, Laura M. Degraff, Christopher Walker, Anne E. Jedlicka, Steven R. Kleeberger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary hyperpermeability and inflammation, although the downstream signaling events are unknown.Objectives: The aims of our study were to determine the mechanism through which TLR4 modulates O3-induced pulmonary responses and to use transcriptomics to determine potential TLR4 effector molecules.Methods: C3H/HeJ (HeJ; Tlr4 mutant) and C3H/HeOuJ (OuJ; Tlr4 normal) mice were exposed continuously to 0.3 ppm O3 or filtered air for 6, 24, 48, or 72 hr. We assessed inflammation using bronchoalveolar lavage and molecular analysis by mRNA microarray, quantitative RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction), immunoblots, immunostaining, and ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays). B6-Hspa1a/Hspa1btm1Dix/NIEHS (Hsp70–/–) and C57BL/6 (B6; Hsp70+/+ wild-type control) mice were used for candidate gene validation studies.Results: O3-induced TLR4 signaling occurred through myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent pathways in OuJ mice and involved multiple downstream pathways. Genomewide transcript analyses of lungs from air- and O3-exposed HeJ and OuJ mice identified a cluster of genes that were significantly up-regulated in O3-exposed OuJ mice compared with O3-exposed HeJ mice or air-exposed controls of both strains; this cluster included genes for heat-shock proteins (e.g., Hspa1b, Hsp70). Moreover, O3-induced inflammation, MyD88 up-regulation, extracellular-signal–related kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation, and kerotinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) protein content were significantly reduced in Hspa1a/Hspa1btm1Dix (Hsp70–/–) compared with Hsp70+/+ mice (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: These studies suggest that HSP70 is an effector molecule downstream of TLR4 and is involved in the regulation of O3-induced lung inflammation by triggering similar pathways to TLR4. These novel findings may have therapeutic and preventive implications for inflammatory diseases resulting from environmental exposures.
Councils must start work on new NHS scrutiny role
Authors: Alex Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Audit Commission issued advice this week to local authorities, who are to have an expanded role in overseeing local health matters next year. The commission said that the expanded scrutiny role will “play a key role in improving local health, and health services,” provided that “realistic aims and clear ground rules” are agreed.

The report examined the critical issues facing local authorities and NHS bodies as they prepare to …
X-Ray Mammography: Silent Treatment for a Troublesome Report
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

When a major organization with a percussive public-relations section chooses only to whisper about relevant big news — well, that's akin to the Sherlock Holmes watchdog that didn't bark or Admiral Nelson responding to retreat signals with a telescope held to his blind eye.The major organization of interest here now is the National Cancer Institute (NCI), bankroll for and presumed leader of the so-called War on Cancer, which, among many other undertakings, includes a five-year breast-cancer screening project that has drawn in some 270,000 women since its inception in 1974.Though it's no secret — secrecy being anathema in . . .
Mechanisms of sinoatrial pacemaker synchronization: a new hypothesis.
Authors: D C Michaels, E P Matyas, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

A model of electrically coupled sinus node cells was used to investigate pacemaker coordination and conduction. Individual cells were simulated using differential equations describing transmembrane ionic currents. Intrinsic cycle lengths (periods) were adjusted by applying constant depolarizing or hyperpolarizing bias current, and cells were coupled through ohmic resistances to form two-dimensional arrays. Activation maps of 81-225 coupled cells showed an apparent wavefront conducting from a leading pacemaker region to the rest of the matrix even though the pattern actually resulted from mutual entrainment of all spontaneously beating cells. Apparent conduction time increased with increasing intercellular resistance. Appropriate selection of pacemaker cycle lengths and intercellular resistances permitted the accurate simulation of the activation sequence seen experimentally for the rabbit sinus node. Furthermore, a simulated acetylcholine pulse applied to a randomly selected 20% of the cells in this model produced a pacemaker shift that lasted several beats. These results support the hypothesis that sinus node synchronization occurs through a "democratic" process resulting from the phase-dependent interactions of thousands of pacemakers.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and peripheral arthritis: a first!
Authors: L E Graham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Anterior and intermediate uveitis are inflammatory processes of diverse causes, including among others, infections, trauma, lymphoproliferative disorders, and ischaemia.The remainder are considered to have an immune pathogenesis with an autoimmune component.For example, uveitis is a common manifestation of spondyloarthropathy (SpA), a related group of disorders, with common clinical, biological, genetic, and therapeutic characteristics. 1 Within the SpA group of diseases, considerable overlap between the different disease entities can occur-for example, during the course of ankylosing spondylitis, 40% of the patients will develop acute anterior uveitis (AUU). 2 In addition, in patients with AUU, SpA is the most commonly identified systemic disease. 3 Moreover, as is true for other diseases within the SpA group, subclinical gut inflammation has been found in patients with AUU. 4 5 From a therapeutic perspective, the management of patients with AAU is targeted at stopping the inflammatory process, in the shortest time possible, as otherwise it might result in irreversible damage leading to impaired visual acuity.Most attacks can be managed by topical steroids and mydriatic agents; in severe episodes of iritis periocular injection of corticosteroids may be beneficial.Occasionally, oral administration of steroids is necessary, sometimes in combination with immunosuppressive agents.However, in some patients the uveitis appears to be treatment resistant; in others, the use of steroids is restricted owing to a lack of response, intolerance, or side effects.The beneficial effects of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockade with infliximab (Remicade) are well established in Crohn's disease and, more recently, open and placebo controlled studies indicated a significant improvement of articular symptoms of this treatment in patients with SpA. [6]7][8] Considering the disease overlap within the SpA group and the promising therapeutic results of TNFα blockade in this group of diseases, we suggested that this treatment might possibly provide a clinical benefit in SpA related uveitis.Here, we report the effect of TNFα blockade with infliximab on chronic treatment resistant uveitis in a patient with SpA.. . . .
A CASE OF HÆMOCHROMATOSIS.—THE RELATION OF HÆMOCHROMATOSIS TO BRONZED DIABETES
Authors: Eugene L. Opie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1899)

(1) There exists a distinct morbid entity, haemochromatosis, characterized by the widespread deposition of an iron-containing pigment in certain cells and an associated formation of iron-free pigments in a variety of localities in which pigment is found in moderate amount under physiological conditions. (2) With the pigment accumulation there is degeneration and death of the containing cells and consequent interstitial inflammation, notably of the liver and pancreas, which become the seat of inflammatory changes accompanied by hypertrophy of the organ. (3) When chronic interstitial pancreatitis has reached a certain grade of intensity diabetes ensues and is the terminal event in the disease.
Abstract 2185: Identification of novel compounds that preferentially kill repair deficient cells using high-throughput screening
Authors: Elizabeth Peterson-Roth, Laura Abriola, Jane Merkel, Peter Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Loss of functional DNA repair pathways is a common occurrence in cancer cells and discovery of novel drugs that selectively kill repair deficient tumors cells could identify new cancer therapies. In this work we describe the use of high-throughput screening to determine chemicals that sensitize cells deficient in the fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2. Cell growth of human fibroblasts proficient (PD20+D2) and deficient (PD20) for FANCD2 were screened using two libraries containing over 1000 bioactive compounds and kinase inhibitors. The cells were treated with compounds continuously for 3 days and cell growth was assessed using a luciferase-based assay measuring ATP levels. The initial screen identified numerous compounds inducing differential survival in cells with and without FANCD2 and follow-up testing will be required to confirm these potential hits. However, it is promising that, in addition to novel compounds, several crosslinking agents, including mitomycinC, which are known to sensitize fanconi anemia cells to cell death are among the positive hits. Our results validate chemical screening as a tool to discover potential new cancer therapies targeting repair deficient cells lines. In addition, other than their role in crosslink repair, there is still not much known about the fanconi anemia protein family and the discovery of novel compounds involved in FANCD2 dependent cell survival could lead to the discovery of new functions of this protein family. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2185.
Autoantibody-associated kappa light chain variable region gene expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with little or no somatic mutation. Implications for etiology and immunotherapy.
Authors: T J Kipps, E Tomhave, P P Chen, D A Carson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Recently the minor B cell subpopulation that expresses the CD5 (Leu-1) antigen has been implicated as a source of IgM autoantibodies. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in humans, represents a malignancy of small B lymphocytes that also express the CD5 antigen. However, little is known concerning the antibody variable region genes (V genes) that are used by these malignant CD5 B cells. We have found that a relatively high frequency of CLL patients have leukemic B cells with surface immunoglobulin (sIg) recognized by 17.109, a murine mAb specific for a kappa light chain associated crossreactive idiotype (CRI) associated with rheumatoid factor and other IgM autoantibodies. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the relative expression of the 17.109-CRI by circulating leukemic B cells was directly proportional to the levels of sIg kappa light chain, indicating that there exists stable idiotype expression in the leukemic population. To examine this at the molecular level, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the Ig kappa light chains of two unrelated patients with CLL bearing sIg with the 17.109-CRI were determined. Analyses of multiple independent kappa light chain cDNA clones did not reveal any evidence for sequence heterogeneity in the CLL cell population. Furthermore, the nucleic acid sequences expressed by the leukemic cells of these two patients were identical or very homologous to a germline V kappa gene isolated from placental DNA, designated Humkv 325, or "V kappa RF" because of its association with IgM autoantibodies. This study suggests; (a) that the malignant CD5+ B lymphocytes in CLL use the same V kappa gene that has been highly associated with IgM autoantibodies and (b) that the expression of V genes is stable in CLL, in contrast to other B cell malignancies examined to date. We propose that many CLL cases represent malignancies of autoreactive CD5 B cells that use a restricted set of conserved V genes. This property may render CLL particularly amenable to immunotherapy with antiidiotypic antibodies.
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
Authors: John H. Stone
Journal: JAMA (2004)

A 56-year-old man with a history of Wegener granulomatosis presented with 6 days of sinus congestion, fever, malaise, myalgias, episcleritis, and a morbilliform rash. An exacerbation of Wegener granulomatosis was the principal concern because of the frequency of flares in that disease. The patient developed acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, and, finally, severe myocarditis that led to congestive heart failure. Additional history-taking and the evolution of his clinical features led to empirical treatment with doxycycline for human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). The diagnosis of HME was confirmed by both a polymerase chain reaction assay for Ehrlichia chaffeensis and by the demonstration of morulae within peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The patient improved promptly following institution of doxycycline, and his cardiac function returned to normal over a period of 4 months.
Chemokine-induced eosinophil recruitment. Evidence of a role for endogenous eotaxin in an in vivo allergy model in mouse skin.
Authors: M M Teixeira, T N Wells, N W Lukacs, A E Proudfoot, S L Kunkel, T J Williams, P G Hellewell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Selective eosinophil recruitment into tissues is a characteristic feature of allergic diseases. Chemokines are effective leukocyte chemoattractants and may play an important role in mediating eosinophil recruitment in various allergic conditions in man. Here, we describe a novel mouse model of eosinophil recruitment in which we have compared the in vivo chemoattractant activity of different C-C chemokines. Furthermore, we describe the use of antibodies to chemokines and receptor blockade to address the endogenous mechanisms involved in eosinophil recruitment in a late-phase allergic reaction in mouse skin. Intradermal injection of mEotaxin and mMIP-1alpha, but not mMCP-1, mRANTES, mMCP-5, or mMIP-1beta, induced significant 111In-eosinophil recruitment in mouse skin. Significant 111In-eosinophil recruitment was also observed in an active cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. Pretreatment of skin sites with antieotaxin antiserum, but not an antiMIP-1alpha antibody, suppressed 111In-eosinophil recruitment in this delayed-onset allergic reaction. Similarly, desensitization of the eosinophil eotaxin receptor CCR3 with mEotaxin, or blockade of the receptor with metRANTES, significantly inhibited 111In-eosinophil recruitment in the allergic reaction. These results demonstrate an important role for endogenous eotaxin in mediating the 111In-eosinophil recruitment in allergic inflammation, and suggest that blockade of the CCR3 receptor is a valid strategy to inhibit eosinophil migration in vivo.
Self reported health of people in an area contaminated by chromium waste: interview study
Authors: P. McCarron
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To compare the self reported health of a group of individuals living in an area contaminated by chromium (chromium group) with a group living in an uncontaminated area (control group), and to assess the effects of perception of risk from exposure to chromium on health. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional study using the SF-36 validated quality of life questionnaire. Further questions were added to examine the relations between perceptions about living on or near land contaminated with chromium and the effects on self reported health. <b>Setting:</b> An area contaminated with chromium (Cambuslang, Carmyle, and Rutherglen) and a control area (Barrmulloch and Pollok). <b>Participants:</b> Residents of an area containing chromium landfill and residents of an uncontaminated control area. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Scores on SF-36. <b>Results:</b> Little difference was found in health scores between the two groups, and only for general health was there a significantly higher score in the chromium group. Health scores for the chromium group were significantly worse across all dimensions for those who believed that chromium adversely affected health. Most of the chromium group (68%) would prefer money to be spent on improving amenities rather than on chromium remediation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Similar self reported health among residents of the chromium and control groups indicates that there is no evidence of harm to health from exposure to chromium in this setting. Noticeably lower scores in participants who believed chromium to be harmful to health point to the potential importance of perception and possible anxiety. Given the overall greater desire for better amenities rather than remedial action, policy makers and planners should discuss with residents how best to spend resources before instigating expensive cleaning up programmes.
Sedentary Habits of Modern Man
Authors: E. S. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Reviewsance.Dermabrasion, once so popular, receives minor reference, and rightly so, but no results are illustrated.Finally, indications are given for Z-plasty, V-Y procedures, and for the use of local flaps (p.108).All of these look fine in diagram, but in practice these manceuvres increase the total length of scar lines.The use of full-thickness skin grafts is often pre- ferable.In spite of these criticisms this book is full of information and help, and the bibliography is a comprehensive one.
Byssinosis in Cotton Mill Workers.
Authors: R. L. Wolfson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Byssinosis in Cotton Mill Workers.R. L. Wolfson, M.D., D. W. Horner, M.D., J. D. Brain, Ph.D., E. Zuskin, M.D., A. Bouhuys, M.D., F.A.C.P.R. L. Wolfson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. W. Horner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. D. Brain, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. Zuskin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Bouhuys, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1099_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe studied the prevalence rate of byssinosis in cotton carders and spinners. Disabling byssinosis occurs among retired cotton workers (New Eng. J. Med. 277: 170, 1967), but byssinosis prevalence among active workers has not been investigated. Also, byssinosis is thought to occur only after 8 to 20 years' dust exposure. The present study yields data on prevalence and induction period in a mill where labor turnover is unusually rapid. Respiratory symptoms were recorded by questionnaire in 214 men, and lung function tests (forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) and maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves) were performed before and after work on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia; and New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1099-1100KeywordsDustForced expiratory volumeLungsQuestionnaires Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...