tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress in understanding the human microbiome
Authors: Karen Nelson
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
C-Peptide Assay
Authors: MARSHALL B. BLOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1979C-Peptide AssayMARSHALL B. BLOCK, M.D.MARSHALL B. BLOCK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-1-131_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing in response to an article by Rendell and associates in the February issue (1). It contains the following statement: "It is interesting that normal fasting and postprandial C-peptide levels were found before tolbutamide administration." The authors then speculate that since C-peptide levels reflect endogenous insulin secretion in normal subjects, in their patient normal endogenous insulin secretion was occurring but that perhaps "an extra pancreatic factor" may have hindered the action of the endogenous insulin.Unless fractionated C-peptide determinations were done in Dr. Rubenstein's laboratory, it would be extremely difficult to ascertain whether most of...References1. RENDELLSLEVINMELTZSIMPSONBARQUET MDGJA. A case of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus resistant to insulin but responsive to talbutamide. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:195-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BLOCKMAKOSTEINERRUBENSTEIN MMDA. Circulating C-peptide immunoreactivity: studies in normals and diabetic patients. Diabetes. 1972;21:1013-26. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. KUZUYABLIXHORWITZSTEINERRUBENSTEIN HPDDA. Determination of free and total insulin and C-peptide in insulin-treated diabetics. Diabetes. 1977;26:22-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Endocrinology Associates, P.A. Phoenix, AZ 85013 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExacerbation of Diabetes Mellitus by Antibodies to Exogenous Insulin 1 July 1979Volume 91, Issue 1Page: 131-131KeywordsInsulin secretionInsulin-like growth factorsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 July 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Low serum concentration of apolipoprotein A-I is an indicator of poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients with severe sepsis
Authors: Ming-Hung Tsai, Yun-Shing Peng, Yung-Chang Chen, Jau-Min Lien, Ya-Chung Tian, Ji-Tseng Fang, Hsu-Huei Weng, Pang-Chi Chen, Chih-Wei Yang, Cheng-Shyong Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Relationship of Intrinsic Renal Pathology to Efficacy of Surgery for Renovascular Hypertension.
Authors: Diane W. Crocker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Relationship of Intrinsic Renal Pathology to Efficacy of Surgery for Renovascular Hypertension.Diane W. Crocker, M.D., Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D., A. Richard Christlieb, M.D., Roger B. Hickler, M.D., F.A.C.P., Gustave J. Dammin, M.D.Diane W. Crocker, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Richard Christlieb, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roger B. Hickler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Gustave J. Dammin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1153_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe long-term postoperative effect of surgery on the hypertension of 29 patients with renal artery stenosis has been determined and correlated with the renal pathology. In 20 patients bilateral and in 9 patients ipsilateral (stenotic side) open biospies were obtained. Average duration of postoperative follow-up was 19 months. A successful result was obtained in 14 patients, defined as attainment of a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or less, or a decrease in mean pressure of 20 mm Hg or more (on no therapy or less than preoperatively). Type of surgery (nephrectomy or vascular repair) was not a factor in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypertension, Adrenal Abnormalities, and Alterations in Plasma Renin ActivityJ. CAULlE GUNNELLS JR., M.D., F.A.C.P., W. L. MCGUFFIN JR., M.D., R. R. ROBINSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., C. E. GRIM, M.D., SAMUEL WELLS, M.D., DONALD SILVER, M.D., J. F. GLENN, M.D. 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1153-1153KeywordsBlood pressureHypertensionNephrectomyRenal arteriesStenosisSurgeryVascular surgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fluid absorption during transurethral resection.
Authors: D E Osborn, P N Rao, M J Greene, R J Barnard
Journal: BMJ (1980)

During transurethral prostatectomy 1-5% glycine in water is commonly used to irrigate the bladder. Absorption of small quantities of this solution is inconsequential. Occasionally, however, large amounts may be absorbed, leading to severe hyponatraemia. Such severe sodium depletion is associated with electrocardiogram (ECG) changes that include a widened and increased amplitude of QRS complex, T wave inversion,1 and bradycardia. We report on three patients in whom absorption of irrigation fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate led to the death of one and cardiovascular collapse in the other two.
9 TMC435 IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1 WHO HAVE FAILED PREVIOUS PEGYLATED INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT: VIROLOGIC ANALYSES OF THE ASPIRE TRIAL
Authors: O. Lenz, B. Fevery, L. Vijgen, J. Verbeeck, M. Peeters, M. Beumont-Mauviel, S. Zeuzem, G. Picchio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Reducing the Risks of Malpractice Liability: the Illinois Court Takes an Important Step
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

IN recent years, nearly all efforts to establish more sensible legal policies in the field of medical malpractice have been directed at the legislatures, particularly the state legislatures. Much has been accomplished in regard to the availability of insurance, the reduction of statutes of limitation, more effective patient-risk management by hospitals, and the modification of a few key legal doctrines.1 2 3 Progress in changing attitudes in the courts, however, has been much slower. Most appellate court judges still cling to traditional policies, and when patients have been injured in some identifiable way as a result of the actions (or lack of . . .
INCIDENCE AND TREATMENT OF ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA INFECTION AT WALTON HOSPITAL
Authors: C. Dobell
Journal: BMJ (1916)

I 2 u,trHrcAr alm ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA INFECTION AT WALTON EOSPITAL.{NoV.-, i916Spealiinga personally, I lhave derived inestimable benefit from mieeting with and hearing here the clinical side of thle subject.Those responsible-for the management of this setion of the Royal Society of Medicine have.vealized tllis, and in lhaving elected this vear a president who is a laboratory person they lhave shown thlat they see the value of the entente [h ave alluded to; and I can only trust that my year of office may not be detrimental to those wlio form the larger contingent in the Neurological Section-namely, those who pursue, more specially the study of disease by the bedside.
Platelet Microparticles Enhance the Vasoregenerative Potential of Angiogenic Early Outgrowth Cells After Vascular Injury
Authors: Sebastian F. Mause, Elisabeth Ritzel, Elisa A. Liehn, Mihail Hristov, Kiril Bidzhekov, Gerhard Müller-Newen, Oliver Soehnlein, Christian Weber
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Angiogenic early outgrowth cells (EOCs) have been reported to contribute to endothelial regeneration and to limit neointima formation after vascular injury. Vascular pathologies comprise platelet activation and concomitant generation of platelet microparticles (PMPs). We hypothesized that PMPs may interact with EOCs in the context of vascular injury and modulate their regenerative potential.Using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the binding of thrombin/collagen-induced PMPs to EOCs with subsequent membrane assimilation and incorporation. This interaction promoted phenotypic alterations of EOCs with increased expression of endothelial cell markers and transfer of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to EOCs with enhanced responsiveness to its ligand CXCL12/SDF-1alpha. In addition, PMPs augmented the adhesion of EOCs to extracellular matrix components and to the injured vessel wall and accelerated cytoskeletal reorganization and migration of EOCs. PMPs induced changes in the EOC secretome toward a more proangiogenic profile and amplified the EOC-mediated induction of proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation by mature endothelial cells. Compared with untreated EOCs, the injection of PMP-treated EOCs resulted in accelerated reendothelialization after arterial denudation injury in athymic nude mice, whereas the EOC-mediated reduction of neointima formation remained unchanged.Our data provide evidence that PMPs can boost the potential of EOCs to restore endothelial integrity after vascular injury. Major mechanisms involve the enhancement of EOC recruitment, migration, differentiation, and release of proangiogenic factors.
The Rise of the Term “Prehypertension”
Authors: Tom Marshall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters20 January 2009The Rise of the Term “Prehypertension”Tom Marshall, MBChB, MSc, PhDTom Marshall, MBChB, MSc, PhDFrom the University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article, Pletcher and colleagues (1) use the term “prehypertension.” A quick search of MEDLINE reveals that this term was rarely used before 2003. It was largely invented by the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Since 2004, many articles have mentioned it. What exactly does “prehypertension” mean, and why is its use so persistent? Prehypertension means blood pressure within or slightly above the normal range—in other words, it is a way of categorizing what is a continuous variable (blood pressure). I speculate that this term has come ...Reference1. Pletcher MJ, Bibbins-Domingo K, Lewis CE, Wei GS, Sidney S, Carr JJ, et al. Prehypertension during young adulthood and coronary calcium later in life. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:91-9. [PMID: 18626048] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrehypertension during Young Adulthood and Coronary Calcium Later in Life Mark J. Pletcher , Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo , Cora E. Lewis , Gina S. Wei , Steve Sidney , J. Jeffrey Carr , Eric Vittinghoff , Charles E. McCulloch , and Stephen B. Hulley Metrics 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: 145KeywordsBlood pressureCardiovascular disease riskCardiovascular diseasesConflicts of interestDrugsElectronic medical recordsHypertensionPrimary hypertensionVascular diseases ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A post-mortem study of gastric and duodenal peptic lesions: Part I Frequency and distribution by age and sex
Authors: I. S. Levij, A. A. De La Fuente
Journal: Gut (1963)

The overall incidence of peptic lesions in the reported series was 24·3%. Chronic peptic lesions were much higher in males (22·9%) than in females (12·2%). The incidence in males increased gradually from 19·6% in 1940-43 to 26·5% in 1956-58; in females there was an increase in the last few years only. Acute peptic lesions were approximately of the same incidence in males (6·3%) and in females (5·6%). In both sexes there was a sudden increase in frequency after 1949. Correlations have been demonstrated between acute peptic lesions and acute pathological conditions of the central nervous system, and between both acute and chronic lesions and chronic pulmonary diseases.
Infarct distribution in subhuman primates after acute coronary occlusion
Authors: B. BARKER, M. D ROSARIO, V. GRANT, J J. McNAMARA, G. T SUEHIRO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The extent of epicardial, endocardial and septal infarct was determined in 24 monkeys and five baboons 1 week after acute left anterior descending or diagonal branch coronary artery ligation. All 24 Macaca cynmologous monkeys had non-dominant left anterior descending coronary arteries. A snare ligature was placed just distal to the first diagonal branch for varying time periods (1, 2, 4, and 6 h followed by reperfusion or left in place permanently). In five baboons a chronic ligature was placed around a diagonal branch. All animals lived and were killed a week later. Histological mapping and planimetry of serial cross-sections were employed to quantify the extent and distribution of the infarct. All infarcts were transmural. The extent of epicardial infarct was significantly greater than the extent of endocardial infarct for the 2 h ligations (3.5 ± 0.87% of the left ventricle versus 2.4 ± 0.58% of the left ventricle, P <0.05), the chronic left anterior descending coronary artery ligations (5.4 ± 1.06% of the left ventricle versus 4.5 ± 0.92% of the left ventricle, P <0.05 and for the chronic diagonal branch ligations (4.06 ± 0.66% of the right ventricle + left ventricle versus 2.64 ± 0.51 % of the right ventricle + left ventricle, P <0.02). It is evident, however, that the magnitude of this epicardial preponderance was not great and that, in general, the infarcts were transmural and rectangular in configuration.
Effect of hyperventilation on airway mucosal blood flow in normal subjects.
Authors: H H Kim, C LeMerre, C M Demirozu, A D Chediak, A Wanner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hyperventilation (40 L/min) with room air (25 degrees C; 70% relative humidity) and frigid air (-10 degrees C; 0% relative humidity) on airway mucosal blood flow (Qaw) in normal subjects (n = 7; 26 to 54 yr of age). Qaw was measured with the dimethyl ether uptake technique, which reflects blood flow in the mucosa of large airways corresponding to a 50-ml anatomic dead space segment extending distally from the trachea. Mean (+/- SE) baseline Qaw during quiet (room air) breathing was 6.6 +/- 0.6 ml/min (range, 3.9 to 10.9). Qaw failed to change significantly during and after eucapnic hyperventilation with room air (thermal stress, 224 cal/min). In contrast, eucapnic hyperventilation with frigid air (thermal stress, 720 cal/min) increased Qaw in every subject, with the peak value occurring either during or over a 30-min period after hyperventilation; by 60 min, Qaw had returned toward baseline. The mean maximal Qaw was 310 +/- 49% of baseline (p < 0.05). Neither type of hyperventilation had an effect on airway resistance. We conclude that in normal subjects, Qaw increases during and/or after eucapnic hyperventilation with frigid air, and that this response is related to the magnitude of the thermal stress rather than to the level of ventilation.
The multi‐faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa
Authors: K. Golebski, K. I. L. Röschmann, S. Toppila‐Salmi, H. Hammad, B. N. Lambrecht, R. Renkonen, W. J. Fokkens, C. M. van Drunen
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Airway epithelial cells are the first to encounter aeroallergens and therefore have recently become an interesting target of many studies investigating their involvement in the modulation of allergic inflammatory responses. Disruption of a passive structural barrier composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allergen penetration into local tissues and additionally affect chronic and ongoing inflammatory processes in respiratory tissues. Furthermore, the ability of rhinoviruses to disrupt and interfere with epithelial tight junctions may alter the barrier integrity and enable a passive passage of inhaled allergens through the airway epithelium. On the other hand, epithelial cells are no longer considered to act only as a physical barrier toward inhaled allergens, but also to actively contribute to airway inflammation by detecting and responding to environmental factors. Epithelial cells can produce mediators, which may affect the recruitment and activation of more specialized immune cells to the local tissue and also create a microenvironment in which these activated immune cells may function and propagate the inflammatory processes. This review presents the dual role of epithelium acting as a passive and active barrier when encountering an inhaled allergen and how this double role contributes to the start of local immune responses.
A BIRD'S EYE VIEW OF NEW MEXICO.Read in the Section of State Medicine at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: FRANCIS H. ATKINS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

My doubt lest any audience I might have in Detroit might know more of New Mexico than I myself after a dozen years' residence within its borders was measurably lulled last evening when a member exclaimed on learning my home, Oh! that is just above Peru.  I am sure the gentleman did not pertain to the Section on State Medicine, but the incident emboldens me in displaying this bird's-eye view of the territory I represent, the land of the undying sun, the purple grape and the plaintive burro.  There being no apparent provision for climatology in the several sections, by the courtesy of the officers of the Section on State Medicine, I am permitted to read here a few notes upon the characteristics of New Mexico and their climatic bearing upon the great problems of the prevention of disease.  Since the Hon. Jacob H. Gallinger of New Hampshire, less than
High susceptibility to liver injury in IL-27 p28 conditional knockout mice involves intrinsic interferon-γ dysregulation of CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells
Authors: Song Zhang, Ruifang Liang, Wei Luo, Chang Liu, Xiaoli Wu, Yanan Gao, Jianlei Hao, Guangchao Cao, Xi Chen, Jun Wei, Siyuan Xia, Zheng Li, Ti Wen, Yunyun Wu, Xinglong Zhou, Puyue Wang, Liqing Zhao, Zhengzhou Wu, Sidong Xiong, Xiaoming Gao, Xiang Gao, Yongyan Chen, Qing Ge, Zhigang Tian, Zhinan Yin
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-27, a newly discovered IL-12 family cytokine, is composed of p28 and EBI3. In this study, CD11c-p28 f/f conditional knockout mice were generated to delete p28 specifically in dendritic cells (DCs). We demonstrated that in the absence of DC-derived p28, these mice were highly susceptible to both low and higher concentrations of concanavalin A (ConA) (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), with extremely early and steady high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in sera. Neutralizing IFN-γ prevented ConA-induced liver damage in these mice, indicating a critical role of IFN-γ in this pathological process. Interestingly, the main source of the increased IFN-γ in CD11c-p28 f/f mice was CD4+ T cells, but not natural killer T (NKT) cells. Depletion of CD4+, but not NK1.1+, cells completely abolished liver damage, whereas transferring CD4+ T cells from CD11c-p28 f/f mice, but not from wild-type mice or CD11c-p28 f/f - IFN -γ−/− double knockout mice to CD4−/− mice, restored the increased liver damage. Further studies defined higher levels of IFN-γ and T-bet messenger RNA in naïve CD4+ T cells from CD11c-p28 f/f mice, and these CD4+ T cells were highly responsive to both low and higher concentrations of anti-CD3, indicating a programmed functional alternation of CD4+ T cells. Conclusion : We provide a unique model for studying the pathology of CD4+ T cell–mediated liver injury and reveal a novel function of DC-derived p28 on ConA-induced fulminant hepatitis through regulation of the intrinsic ability for IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells.
Does a Detailed Explanation Prior to Gastroscopy Reduce the Patient's Anxiety?
Authors: N. Levy, L. Landmann, E. Stermer, M. Erdreich, A. Beny, R. Meisels
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The object of this study was to investigate the assumption that a detailed explanation and description of gastroscopy to a patient reduces his fears of the procedure. In order to check this assumption, 243 consecutive patients who underwent elective gastroscopy were randomly distributed to 4 groups: Group A received a standard brief description of upper G-I endoscopy by the treating physician; Group B patients were given a detailed description by the endoscopist himself; Group C was given a comprehensive explanation and was shown an album of pictures illustrating each stage of the procedure; Group D saw a specially prepared video film of the procedure. A fifth group, E, consisted of patients who had previously undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patient anxiety was measured using the “Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Scales”. According to the scoring on these scales there was no significant difference between the groups, thus showing that increasingly detailed description of the procedure did not diminish patients' fear. Neither did ethnic background or age have any significant influence on these results. Higher education had marginal influence on patients' apprehension about the procedure. However, female patients had significantly higher anxiety state and trait anxiety scoring than men. If endoscopy can be taken as typically representative of all invasive procedures, these results may have a much more general application.
Points: A grim experiment--children in cars
Authors: D. D Knox
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Hyperlipidaemia advances and retreatsDr A LEWIS (London WlN 1FJ) writes: How long will it be before the hazards of eating dairy foods (23 August, p 564) are remembered with amusement like those of eating meat.This dangerous stuff (especially red meat) "caused" kidney disease, hypertension, rheumatism, and gout because it was a source of uric acid and urea, with which these conditions were thought to be associated. Drugs and rheumatoid arthritisDr JACK BOURNE (Hornchurch, Essex) writes: In his letter on the effect of corticosteroids on the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis,