tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal Air after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with Sphincterotomy: Frecuency and Clinical Significance
Authors: M. A. Anselmi, J. G. Acosta, C. Flores, J. Schwanner, A. M. Gemmato
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> After successful medical management of a patient with a clinical picture suggestive of post sphincterotomy duodenal perforation, and in which the Computed Axial Tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed the presence of subcutaneous emphysema and retroperitoneal air, there was concern about the frequency of post ERCP with sphincterotomy pneumoretroperitoneum and if any procedure dependent factors were associated with this problem. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess the frequency and clinical significance of retroperitoneal air after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty consecutive patients, who had undergone ERCP with sphincterotomy, were submitted to abdominal CT examinations within 24 h after completion of the procedure. One patient with a large precut but a failed ERCP was also included. The ERCP findings were unknown to the radiologist. <h3>Results</h3> Seven (14%) of 50 patients showed CT findings of retroperitoneal air. All of them had uneventful postprocedural recovery. No clinical or laboratory abnormality was found in this group of patients. The presence of retroperitoneal air was not associated to the variables: precut, biliopancreatic disease type, endoscopic sphincterotomy length, additional endoscopic procedure (balloon exploration, gallstone extraction, stent insertion) or procedure duration. <h3>Conclusion</h3> After endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy, retroperitoneal air is frequently found. In absence of physical symptoms, retroperitoneal air is not clinically relevant and does not require specific treatment. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None.
Forced Expiratory Maneuvers - Most Of Healthy Children Do Not Meet ATS Criteria For Spirometry
Authors: G. Siergiejko, B.E. Nowowiejska, M.G. Kaczmarski, Z. Siergiejko
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)

RATIONALE: It is known that spirometry is difficult to perform in children and adolescent. The aim of the study was to evaluate how many children meet acceptability and repeatability ATS criteria for forced expiratory maneuvers. METHODS: Studies were performed on a group of 636 healthy children (without experience in perform MEFV) aged 5 to 18 years. All measurements were trying to meet ATS criteria. MasterscreenBody (Jeager, Germany) equipment was used to perform all examination. For each of the subjects 3 efforts should meet criteria of acceptability and at least 2 of them criteria of repeatability. If someone had not met these criteria, the maximum number of efforts could not exceed eight. The following parameters were used to evaluate an acceptability of measurement: backward extrapolated volume as a percentage of FVC < 5% (be%FVC<5%), and forced expiratory time < 6s or 3s (FET<6s or FET<3s), and for a repeatability evaluation ΔFVC and ΔFEV1 < 200ml. RESULTS: All ATS criteria meet only 0.95% of the subjects. The most difficult to achieve was FET<6s. It meet only 3 subjects (0.95%). If the cut point for FET was considered as 3s this criterion fulfiled 132 (20.8%) of the subjects. Eighty five percent of the children achieved be%FVC below <5%. Above 95% of the studied children was able to correctly perform forced expiratory maneuvers repeatedly. CONCLUSIONS: About 80% of children cannot achieve at least 3 s forced expiration time. With this reason they are not able to meet ATS requirements.
Abstract 4471: Novel PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, NVP-BGT226, displays potent inhibitory activity against human head and neck cancer cell growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Kwang-Yu Chang, Jang-Yang Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently observed in head and neck cancer, and often accounts for its tumorigenesis. To develop new treatment strategy in human head and neck cancer, we investigated the effect of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BGT226, in head and neck cancer cell lines and one nasopharygeal cancer cell line (HONE-1) with its cisplatin-resistant variants. The growth inhibition assay revealed that NVP-BGT226 was active against all tested tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranged from 7.4 to 27.8 nM. In addition, cross-resistance of this compound to cisplatin-resistant cell lines was not observed. The expression level of p-AKT (S473), p-mTOR (S2481) was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with a concurrent downregulation in the level of p-4E-BP1 and p-S6P70K. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cells treated with NVP-BGT226 resulted in a dose- and time-dependent accumulation in the Go/G1 phase with concomitant loss in the S phase. The observation in annexin V assay showed an increment of double-staining cells in a time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP was not noted. Further autophagy studies showed that NVP-BGT226 induced autophagy by the conversion of LC3-II from LC3-I. In addition, the accumulation of autophagosome by acridine orange staining was detected. Moreover, the treatment of cells by 3MA 1.25μM blocked the autophasome formation. Collectively, these data indicated that the growth inhibition effect induced by NVP-BGT226 was manipulated through the induction of autophagy. Notably, oral feeding of NVP-BGT226 5 mg/kg daily for 21 days showed potent activity against tumor growth in FaDu xenograft model. In conclusion, our studies suggested that NVP-BGT226 is a potent anti-cancer compound in head and neck cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4471.
The Conotruncus
Authors: DANIEL A. GOOR, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

A primitive form of double-outlet right ventricle is described clinically and anatomically. A long tubular conus, arising exclusively from the right ventricle emptied into the transposed great vessels. Together with the presence of A-V canal malformation this heart represented a developmental arrest in the embryonic stage of the bulboventricular loop seen in horizon XV. Diagnosis is made on the basis of right ventricular angiography and theoretically, if this lesion is isolated, this conus malformation is surgically correctable.
Predicting plasma concentrations of common biochemical values from residual peritoneal fluid in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: M K Chan, Y C Huang, Z Varghese, R A Baillod, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1978)

appear to be of the RII category.Though we have seen several other patients with apparent chloroquine resistance, either they have been too ill to delay alternative treatment or they have had several courses of chloroquine before testing for resistance and have finally responded to the test course.It is now our practice to use chloroquine by mouth in a dose of 10 mg/kg, repeated after six hours, then daily for three days.This is the general dosage by WHO recommended standards.2We believe that chloroquine resistance is appearing in Zambia and that clinicians must watch for this.In such cases we have had success with a combination of doxycycline and quinine or chloroquine.
Abstract 1111: Hypoxia inducible factor regulation of galectin3 expression in neuroblastoma cells:Implications in controlling malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Umadevi V. Wesley, Esat Resad, Robert J. Dempsey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extra cranial tumor arising from neural crest progenitor cells. Effective angiogenesis, or new blood vessel formation, is critical for NB tumor growth and progression. Elevated levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3), an angiogenic cytokine is extensively correlated with the malignant behavior and poor prognosis of many cancers. Our studies have shown that Gal-3 expression is significantly up-regulated in aggressive NB cells, and Gal-3 promotes angiogenesis and migration of microglial cells. We have also previously reported that Gal-3 expression is up regulated under low oxygen/hypoxic conditions. The specific mechanisms of Gal-3 induction in NB are not understood. Hypoxic microenvironment drives malignant phenotypes of cancer cells through the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1). Because NB cells reside in a low oxygen environment, we determined if the hypoxic status modulates Gal-3 expression. In this study, we utilized RT-PCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, RNA interference and biochemical approaches. The hypoxia-mimetic, cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-treated neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells showed enhanced levels of HIF 1 protein. In correlation with the increased HIF1 levels, Gal-3 expression was increased at both RNA and protein levels. Silencing of HIF1 expression by small hairpin interfering RNA in Neuro-2a cells blocked hypoxia induced Gal-3 expression indicating that HIF1 regulates Gal-3 expression in NB cells. Down regulation of Gal-3 resulted in decreased levels of the angiogenic factors IL-6 and urokinase plasminogen activator in association with decreased proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Thus our data suggest that HIF1alpha plays a role in the regulation of Gal-3 expression and malignant phenotype of NB cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Umadevi V. Wesley, Esat Resad, Robert J. Dempsey. Hypoxia inducible factor regulation of galectin3 expression in neuroblastoma cells:Implications in controlling malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1111
Antimicrobial Therapy-Reply
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  I am grateful to both Drs Rhodes and Le for carefully reviewing the guideline-audits on antimicrobial therapy and for their well thought out comments. First of all, I regret that I did not ask Dr Rhodes to proofread the draft when he was a fellow with us in infectious disease. His points are well taken concerning the proper dosage and duration of prophylaxis with rifampin for meningococcal meningitis and the greater importance of accumulation of lincomycin than clindamycin in patients with renal failure.  Dr Le's comments regarding compliance by dentists with the American Heart Association's recommendations on antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with valvular heart disease are of great interest. The only comment I can make is that this field is in great intellectual turmoil at this time because of experience of several workers with animal models of experimental endocarditis. 1   I must admit that I was unaware of
Survival outcomes with and without splenectomy in splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Adam J. Olszewski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The optimal management of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), a rare malignancy of the elderly, is not clearly defined. Splenectomy had been advocated in the past due to its palliative effect on abdominal discomfort, cytopenias, and prolonged remissions, even though most patients have disseminated disease in the bone marrow which subsequently relapses. No prospective studies compared outcomes after surgery or chemotherapy, so the choice of treatment is based on perception of individual benefits and risks. This study analyzed 1,251 cases of SMZL recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Effects of splenectomy on survival outcomes were evaluated after balancing confounders with a propensity score (PS).While 52% of patients underwent spleen removal, no significant impact of the procedure on the risk of lymphoma-related death (LRD) (P 5 0.66)or overall survival was detectable. The results strengthen the notion that, with the availability of safe and effective alternatives, splenectomy should no longer be considered the treatment of choice in SMZL.
Norethynodrel With Mestranol and Venous Blood Flow
Authors: Arnold Neistadt
Journal: JAMA (1966)

DEEP venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with the use of oral contraceptives have provoked concern. Over a century ago Virchow<sup>1</sup>categorized the three major factors predisposing to venous thrombosis as (1) vein wall damage, (2) increased coagulability of the blood, and (3) local stasis. Oral contraceptives have been implicated as the cause of alterations in the structure of the vein wall<sup>2</sup>and in the clotting mechanism.<sup>3-6</sup>The present study evaluates the effects of norethynodrel with mestranol (Enovid) on venous blood flow. <h3>Method and Materials</h3> One milliliter of norethynodrel with mestranol, containing 2 mg of norethynodrel and 0.030 mg of mestranol in corn oil, was administered intramuscularly daily to 18 adult female dogs. With the subjects under anesthesia with pentobarbital administered intravenously, the femoral venous flow was measured with a noncannulating probe and an electromagnetic square-wave flowmeter. Values were determined from the average of three sequential measurements.
Low-dose aspirin inhibits platelet-induced contraction of the human isolated coronary artery. A role for additional 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonism against coronary vasospasm?
Authors: W A Bax, G J Renzenbrink, E A van der Linden, F J Zijlstra, D van Heuven-Nolsen, D Fekkes, E Bos, P R Saxena
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of low-dose aspirin in the prevention of coronary vasospasm is well documented. In this study, we investigated the contractile effect of human washed platelets on the human isolated coronary artery. We concentrated on the effect of low-dose aspirin (40 mg/d) taken by the platelet donor and on the efficacy of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists. METHODS AND RESULTS Human coronary artery segments were suspended in an organ bath set-up for isometric tension measurement. Platelets (10(9) to 3 x 10(10)/L) elicited concentration-dependent contractile responses of the coronary artery segments, reaching 28.4 +/- 7.1% of contractions induced by 100 mmol/L K+. The contractile response tended to be decreased in vessel segments with histological signs of early atherosclerosis. Contraction was significantly attenuated after pretreatment of the vessel segments with ketanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist, 1 mumol/L) or SQ30741 (TXA2 receptor antagonist, 0.01 mumol/L), reaching 8.8 +/- 2.3% and 3.2 +/- 2.2% of contraction to 100 mmol/L K+, respectively. Platelets obtained from the same platelet donors after they had taken aspirin (40 mg/d for 7 to 13 days) caused significantly lower contractile responses (7.6 +/- 2.7% of 100 mmol/L K+) associated with an almost selective inhibition of the synthesis of thromboxane measured in the organ bath solution (untreated platelets, 2.19 +/- 0.43 nmol/L; aspirin-treated platelets, 0.66 +/- 0.05 nmol/L). The amount of 5-HT secreted in the organ bath remained unaltered (65.17 +/- 9.94 and 64.03 +/- 8.98 nmol/L, respectively). This explains why ketanserin significantly attenuated the residual contractile responses caused by platelets obtained from aspirin-treated subjects, whereas SQ30741 caused minor, nonsignificant additional attenuation. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study therefore suggest that additional antagonism of the contractile 5-HT receptors in the coronary artery may increase the efficacy of low-dose aspirin in vivo.
Risk of cot death in babies of British teen mothers is still high
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The rate of unexplained deaths of infants is much higher among teenage mothers than among older mothers, figures from the Office for National Statistics show.

The figures show that the number of cot deaths in England and Wales fell by about 20% from 2004 to 2008, to a total of 281.

In 2008 the rate was highest among babies of mothers …
Value Of Clavulanic Acid In Basophil Activation Test For Evaluating Immediate Reactions To The Combination Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid
Authors: Cristobalina Mayorga, Adriana Ariza, Inmaculada Doña, Maria Angeles Zambonino, Maria Isabel Montañez, Maria Salas, Maria Dolores Ruiz, Lidia Melendez, Maria D. Cañamero, Miguel Blanca, Maria J. Torres
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Helmut H. Hahn, S. Fai Cheuk, Douglas M. Moore, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Evidence has been presented that the release of active endogenous pyrogen from rabbit exudate granulocytes incubated in isotonic NaCl is a relatively prompt energy-dependent process that is preceded by a rise in intracellular pyrogen, and involves a rise in total intracellular cations and an increased permeability of the cell membranes, but does not require the synthesis of new proteins.
Sequence analyses of three immunoglobulin G anti-virus antibodies reveal their utilization of autoantibody-related immunoglobulin Vh genes, but not V lambda genes.
Authors: D F Huang, T Olee, Y Masuho, Y Matsumoto, D A Carson, P P Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Accumulated sequence analyses of the antibody repertoire have revealed that most autoantibodies and developmentally regulated antibodies share a small set of germline Ig-variable region (V) genes. The findings have prompted speculation that certain autoantibodies are of developmental importance and may be instrumental in maintaining homeostasis of the adult antibody repertoire. In order to evaluate this hypothesis critically, it is first necessary to determine the V gene usage in human antibodies against foreign substances. Unfortunately, only a few such antibodies have had their heavy and light chains characterized. To rectify the situation, we adapted the anchored polymerase chain reaction to clone and analyze rapidly the expressed V genes for three anti-virus IgG antibodies. The results show that all three heavy chain V (Vh) genes are highly homologous to the known autoantibody-related Vh genes. In contrast, two light chain V (VL) genes of the V lambda 1 subgroup are similar to a non-autoantibody-related germline V lambda 1 gene. Taken together with the reported Vh and VL sequences of several antibodies against viruses and bacteria, the data show that many antipathogen antibodies may use the same small set of Vh genes that encode autoantibodies, but diverse VL genes that are distinct from autoantibody-related VL genes. Thus, only a small portion of the potentially functional germline Vh genes are used recurrently to generate most antibodies in a normal antibody repertoire, regardless of their reactivities with either self or non-self.
Long-term follow-up and factors influencing outcomes after related HLA-identical cord blood transplantation for patients with malignancies: an analysis on behalf of Eurocord-EBMT
Authors: Andrée-Laure Herr, Nabil Kabbara, Carmem M. S. Bonfim, Pierre Teira, Franco Locatelli, Karin Tiedemann, Arjan Lankester, Jean-Pierre Jouet, Chiara Messina, Yves Bertrand, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Christina Peters, Wagnara Chaves, Samir K. Nabhan, Irina Ionescu, Eliane Gluckman, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2010)
EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ON ABSORPTION OF PHOSPHORUS
Authors: Smith Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The following comments on the effect of aluminum hydroxide on the absorption of phosphorus may be of interest in considering this topic in relation to ulcer therapy. In the January 3 issue ofThe Journal, Dick and Eisele state, in their article on "The Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Without Alkalis," that "therapeutic doses of aluminum hydroxide may interfere with the absorption of inorganic phosphorus from the intestinal tract, thereby deranging the calcium metabolism of the body." Two references were given in support of this statement. One was by Street and Barlow and told of the reduced rate of growth in rats fed a diet containing aluminum sulfate and only the minimal amount of phosphorus (0.24 per cent) necessary for normal growth. The other reference was to work that Willie Mae Freeman and I did on the use of aluminum hydroxide as an agent to reduce retention of
Uniting Physicians Against Smoking: The Need for a Coordinated National Strategy
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In the late 1960s, the Public Health Service produced and distributed a simple black-and-white poster that stated in bold letters, "100 000 Doctors Have Quit Smoking Cigarettes." Small print at the bottom of the poster explained that "maybe they know something you don't." Since that time, recognition has grown that physicians can play a major role in the campaign to achieve a smoke-free society. There are at least four major reasons why physicians are perceived as important participants in the antismoking campaign. First, physicians are among the most well-respected and trusted of all professionals. Smokers may ignore cajoling by concerned family members and may resent the stern looks of annoyed "passive" smokers. But they will accept with good graces strong words of advice from physicians, dignified in their white coats. Moreover, most physicians are good role models with respect to not smoking—a survey of 1000 randomly selected physicians conducted in
General practitioner and health promotion: what patients think.
Authors: P G Wallace, A P Haines
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Although there has been growing interest in general practitioners9 participation in promoting health, little is known about the attitudes of their patients. Thus we sent a copy of a self administered questionnaire (the Health Survey Questionnaire) to 3452 patients aged 17-70 who were registered with two practices in north west London. Questions about attitudes to and perceptions of general practitioners9 interest in weight, smoking, drinking, and fitness problems were included. The patients were also asked whether they thought that they had a problem in any of these areas. The response rate was 72%. Of those who responded, the proportions who thought that their general practitioners should be interested ranged from 72% in the case of fitness to 83% for weight, but only 38% thought that general practitioners had in fact been interested in fitness and only 48% thought so about weight. Forty one per cent of the respondents thought that they had a fitness problem, 42% a weight problem, and 59% of the smokers thought that they had a smoking problem. Four per cent of respondents stated that they had a drinking problem. Of those patients who said that they had a problem, the proportions who thought that their general practitioners had seemed interested ranged from 43% for fitness to 69% for smoking. The findings of this study suggest that greater participation by general practitioners in health promotion would be well received by most patients and that currently there may be considerable discrepancies between patients9 expectations and their perception of their general practitioner9s interest in these areas of preventive medicine.