tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The rights and rewards of the medical witness and the medical and dental appraiser.
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This latest addition to a growing list of instructive books for the medical witness has the distinction of being the first written by a physician. Dr. Nordstrom, who is also a dentist, has had considerable experience as a medical witness and appraiser. This certainly qualifies him to advise others about what to expect when they assume that role. The advice on how a doctor or dentist should proceed in examining a party as to litigation and in preparing to appear as a witness in a court proceedings is sound. Those who face this experience for the first time can certainly profit from reading this advice. It is not a substitute for consultation with the attorney for the party who calls the witness, but it can be a valuable supplement to such consultation. Much of what the author says about fee is correct and practical. It should be useful to the
Studies of endotoxin-induced decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity.
Authors: M Kawakami, A Cerami
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

A variety of invasive stimuli have been shown to induce hyperlipidemia due to impaired removal of triglyceride from the circulation. The mechanism by which endotoxin induces a deficiency in the activity of the key enzyme of triglyceride metabolism, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), has been studied. In C3H/HeN (endotoxin-sensitive) mice, LPL activity in adipose tissue was markedly suppressed 16 h after endotoxin administration. In contrast, the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were less sensitive to the suppressive effect of endotoxin on LPL activity. After endotoxin administration, a transferable factor had been detected in the blood of C3H/HeN mice 2 h after the injection of endotoxin that causes a suppression of adipose tissue LPL activity in C3H/HeJ mice as well as in C3H/HeN mice. Conditioned medium from the cultures of peritoneal exudate cells of C3H/HeN mice incubated in endotoxin also suppresses adipose tissue LPL in C3H/HeJ mice. These studies demonstrate that exudate cells produce a humoral factor in response to endotoxin, which suppresses adipose tissue LPL.
New approaches in managing drug overdosage and poisoning.
Authors: L F Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The incidence of drug o ver dosage and poisoning has continued to increase over the past decade, and this form of self induced disease imposes a major burden on the health services. Un? fortunately, specific antidotes are available for very few drugs or poisons, and treatment (at least for the deeply unconscious patient) depends largely on supportive treatment based on the standard principles of intensive care. In this context there have been important advances with the spread of intensive care units and the general availability of facilities for comprehensive monitoring and cardiorespiratory support. New developments in drug treatment include the use of agents such as dopa mine for maintaining renal function in the presence of hypo? tension. With a better understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and the application of pharmacokinetic principles there have been other important advances in the management of poisoning, particularly in the use of specific antidotal treatment and specialised techniques for drug removal such as haemo perfusion. In addition, improvements in drug analytical methodology have allowed a more critical evaluation of estab? lished procedures for the enhancement of drug elimination. In one sense some advances in management have been negative. Thus physostigmine is no longer recommended for anticholinergic poisoning, and the general use of techniques such as forced diuresis and dialysis has declined greatly. The advantages of a conservative approach with a minimum of meddlesome medical interference are becoming more widely appreciated.
66 GROWTH OF LIVER VOLUME STOPS AFTER ONE YEAR OF LANREOTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC LIVERS
Authors: M. Chrispijn, L. van Keimpema, F. Nevens, R. Vanslembrouck, M.G.H. van Oijen, A.L. Hoffmann, H.M. Dekker, R.A. de Man, J.P.H. Drenth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Depolarization-stimulated 42K+ efflux in rat aorta is calcium- and cellular volume-dependent.
Authors: L Magliola, A W Jones
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors controlling membrane permeability to potassium of smooth muscle cells from rat aorta stimulated by depolarization. The increase 42K+ efflux (change in the rate constant) induced by depolarization (application of high concentrations of potassium chloride) was inhibited significantly by the calcium antagonists diltiazem and nisoldipine. Parallel inhibitory effects on contraction were observed. Diltiazem also inhibited potassium-stimulated 36Cl- efflux. The addition of 25-150 mM KCl to normal physiologic solution stimulated 42K+ efflux in a concentration-dependent manner. Diltiazem suppressed potassium-stimulated 42K+ efflux approximately 90% at 25 mM KCl and approximately 40% at 150 mM KCl. The ability of nisoldipine to inhibit 42K+ efflux also diminished as the potassium chloride concentration was elevated. The component of efflux that was resistant to calcium antagonists probably resulted from a decrease in the electrochemical gradient for potassium. Cellular water did not change during potassium addition. Substitution of 80 and 150 mM KCl for sodium chloride produced cellular swelling and enhanced potassium-stimulated 42K+ efflux compared with potassium chloride addition. The addition of sucrose to prevent cellular swelling reduced efflux response to potassium substitution toward that of potassium addition. A hypoosmolar physiologic solution produced an increase in the 42K+ efflux and a contracture that were both prevented by the addition of sucrose. We concluded that the depolarization-mediated 42K+ efflux has three components: one is calcium dependent; a second is dependent on cellular volume; and a third is resistant to inhibition by calcium antagonists.
CORONERS AND MEDICAL EXAMINERS IN CONNECTICUT.
Authors: GUSTAVUS ELIOT
Journal: JAMA (1883)

deter others from a procedure that would have the same result, if not teach them to improve on your methods or avoid your blunders and mistakes.At least I am certain if all operations in this compara¬ tively recent field-abdominal and pelvic surgery- or operations involving the opening of these cavities, were more faithfully and truthfully reported, not only the statistical tables would be more reliable than they are at present, but many might be prevented from encouraging the evident, bold, and often reckless tendency of the present day surgery.The case of
Interval bowel cancers may not be detected on faecal occult blood testing
Authors: A. T. George, S. Aggarwal, A. Fields, M. Vogler, A. Menon, M. Dube
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We report a high incidence of interval colorectal cancers that were not detected by the biennial faecal occult blood (FOB) screening test and highlight that a negative test result can falsely reassure patients and clinicians.1

We identified this problem after analysing data from the National Bowel Cancer Audit programme from a single centre catchment area (22 021 eligible patients) in the FOB testing age group (60-70 years) …
Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Combination with Laser Photocoagulation for the Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: David G. Callanan, Sunil Gupta, David S. Boyer, Thomas A. Ciulla, Michael A. Singer, Baruch D. Kuppermann, Ching-Chi Liu, Xiao-Yan Li, David A. Hollander, Rhett M. Schiffman, Scott M. Whitcup
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Role of vasopressin in regulation of renal kinin excretion in Long-Evans and diabetes insipidus rats.
Authors: M L Kauker, J T Crofton, L Share, A Nasjletti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To study the relationship between vasopressin and the renal kallikrein-kinin system we measured the rate of excretion of kinins into the urine of anesthetized rats during conditions of increased and decreased vasopressin level. The excretion of immunoreactive kinins in Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (24 +/- 3 pg min-1 kg-1) was lower than in the control Long Evans (LE) rats (182 +/- 22 pg min-1 kg-1; P less than 0.05). The DI rats also exhibited negligible urinary excretion of immunoreactive vasopressin, reduced urine osmolality, and increased urine flow and kininogenase excretion. In LE rats, volume expansion by infusion of 0.45% NaCl-2.5% dextrose to lower vasopressin secretion reduced (P less than 0.05) kinin excretion, vasopressin excretion, and urine osmolality to 41, 26, and 15% of their respective control values, while increasing (P less than 0.05) urine flow and kininogenase excretion. On the other hand, the infusion of 5% NaCl, which promotes vasopressin secretion, increased (P less than 0.05) the urinary excretion of kinins and vasopressin to 165 and 396% of control, while increasing (P less than 0.05) urine flow and kininogenase excretion. Infusion of vasopressin (1.2 mU/h, intravenous) enhanced (P less than 0.05) kinin excretion by two to threefold in DI rats and in LE rats during volume expansion with 0.45% NaCl-2.5% dextrose, while decreasing urine flow and increasing urine osmolality. This study demonstrates that the urinary excretion of immunoreactive kinins varies in relation to the urinary level of vasopressin, irrespective of urine volume and osmolality and of the urinary excretions of sodium and kininogenase. The study suggests a role for vasopressin in promoting the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the rat.
CD24 Is a Novel Predictor for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgery
Authors: Xin-Rong Yang, Yang Xu, Bin Yu, Jian Zhou, Jia-Chu Li, Shuang-Jian Qiu, Ying-Hong Shi, Xiao-Ying Wang, Zhi Dai, Guo-Ming Shi, Bin Wu, Li-Ming Wu, Guo-Huan Yang, Bo-Heng Zhang, Wen-Xin Qin, Jia Fan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

To investigate the role of CD24 in tumor invasion and prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).CD24 expression was measured in stepwise metastatic HCC cell lines, tumor, peritumoral tissues, and normal liver tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The role of CD24 in HCC was investigated by CD24 depletion using small interfering RNA. Tumor tissue microarrays of 314 HCC patients who underwent resection between 1997 and 2000 were used to detect expression of CD24, beta-catenin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests.CD24 was overexpressed in the highly metastatic HCC cell line and in tumor tissues of patients with recurrent HCC. Depletion of CD24 caused a notable decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in vitro. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CD24 was a significant predictor for overall survival and relapse-free survival. CD24 expression was correlated with poor prognosis independent of alpha-fetoprotein, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and Edmondson stage. High CD24 expression was significantly associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (P = 0.023), high tumor proliferative status (P = 0.018), and diffused intrahepatic recurrence and distant metastasis (P = 0.026). Adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization after surgery reduced the rate of early recurrence (<or=1 year) in CD24(+) HCC patients (P = 0.024) but had no significant effect in CD24(-) patients (P = 0.284).Overexpression of CD24 in HCC was associated with high invasiveness and metastatic potential, high tumor proliferation status, and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. CD24 may be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of HCC patients after surgery.
Abstract 4224: Sox2 control breast cancer stem-like cells in a breast carcinoma cell line
Authors: Olatz Leis, Lopez-Arribillaga Erika, Chrastek David, Angel G Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Many solid tumors, including breast cancer, exhibit a functional hierarchy of cells of which only a small subpopulation of stem-like cells can give rise to the differentiated cells that make the bulk of the tumor. Recently, a method for the culture of undifferentiated human mammary epithelial cells in non-adherent “mammospheres” has been described. Mammospheres are enriched in stem/progenitor cells giving rise to all three mammary cell types. Although gene profiling was used to compare sphere cells to differentiated cells, no specific markers were described. Three main transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, have probed responsible for maintaining the undifferentiated state of stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells. Ectopic introduction of these factors into differentiated cells is capable of reprogramming these cells into embryonic stem-like cells (called iPS, induced pluripotent stem cells). It has been shown recently that one of the main regulators of oncogenic transformation, the p53 tumor supressor, controls the induction of pluripotency, thus linking the process of reprogramming with the process of tumorigenesis. By characterizing factors that control mammosphere formation in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF7 we have identified Sox2 as a gene that is up-regulated upon sphere formation. Besides, ectopic expression of Sox2 is capable of inducing augmented sphere formation, suggesting that expression of Sox2 is a key regulator of breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Up-regulation of Sox2 expression is transcriptionally controlled at the level of the RR1 Sox2 promoter enhancer which is also involved in regulation of Sox2 expression in pluripotent stem cell lines. The recent observation that the tumor suppressor p53 pathway acts as a barrier for induced pluripotency reprogramming has lead to the speculation that cancer stem cells may arise through an altered reprogramming-like mechanism. Our data suggests that Sox2 expression may be such an event. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4224.
Syrian doctors risk arrest and deportation for treating fellow refugees in Lebanon and Jordan
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Syrian doctors who have fled the country’s civil war to Lebanon and Jordan are being prevented from treating fellow refugees despite their huge healthcare needs, because of laws protecting the livelihoods of local health professionals.

“Lebanon and Jordan are not allowing Syrian doctors to practise, even to treat Syrians,” said Redwan El Khayat, a UK based Syrian psychiatrist and member of the Paris based Union of Syrian Medical Relief Organizations.

Four years after the Syrian conflict began 3.8 million Syrian refugees are now living in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey in what the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has described as the biggest humanitarian crisis since the second world war. Their healthcare needs are huge, most cannot afford the cost of local health services, and aid agencies are struggling to care for them. …
The External Examination as an Evaluation of Teaching Performance and Student Learning
Authors: Donald R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The divisions of this symposium deal with the role of the external examination as a method of evaluation, and its application at the state and national level. My role, as I see it, is to make some comments about the functions of the external examination, and the influence they have in student learning and teaching performance.  The external examination as a measurement of medical competence is now a firmly established procedure both in the United States and in Canada.  Before proceeding any further with this subject, I think it would be safe to say that the authors of this symposium would agree in principle with Casberg's 1 comment that A consistently weak thread running through the warp and woof of the very fabric of medical education is our examination system. If our measurement techniques had reached the level where there was uniform agreement that they could satisfactorily measure the goals
EXTERNAL MULTICENTER VALIDATION OF THE MEHRAN RISK SCORE FOR CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY
Authors: John E. Reuter, Mohan Rao, Bhuvaneswari Ramkumar, Sagar U. Nigwekar, Praveen Kandula, Andrew Brenyo, Scott Hacking, Meghashyam Koti, Arun Chawla, Ravish Shah, Nishith Singh, Harry McCrea, John K. Hix, Gerald Gacioch, John P. Gassler, Ruth W. Kouides, Christopher J. Cove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Autopsy and The Cause of Death
Authors: Ira S. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent EDITORIAL by Dr. Hussey, entitled "The Cause of Death" (229:75, 1974), reminded me of a short essay, published inThe Journalten years ago, by Dr. Sigmund L. Wilens, "Why, Oh Why, Did He Die?" (187:1020, 1964). Dr. Wilens bemoaned the lot of the
Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population: reply from authors
Authors: A.A. Memon, J.A. Tomenson, J. Bothwell, P.S. Friedmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population: reply from authors Get access A.A. Memon, A.A. Memon School of Medicine, Allergy & Inflammation Sciences Division, Dermatopharmacology, Mailpoint 825, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton S16 6YD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Tomenson, J.A. Tomenson School of Medicine, Allergy & Inflammation Sciences Division, Dermatopharmacology, Mailpoint 825, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton S16 6YD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Bothwell, J. Bothwell School of Medicine, Allergy & Inflammation Sciences Division, Dermatopharmacology, Mailpoint 825, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton S16 6YD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. Friedmann P.S. Friedmann School of Medicine, Allergy & Inflammation Sciences Division, Dermatopharmacology, Mailpoint 825, Level F, South Block, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton S16 6YD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 437–438, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04056.x Published: 01 February 2001
Radiofréquence oesophagienne: – A propos de 7 cas
Authors: F Caillol, E Bories, C Pesenti, M Giovannini
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: Depuis quelques années la résection endoscopique est proposée comme traitement de l'endobrachyoesophage (EBO) avec dysplasie avec un succès estiméà 66%. Plus récemment est apparue la radiofréquence oesophagienne (système Halo) comme complément de traitement. Associée à la résection endoscopique il a été rapporté 98% de succès par Fleischer et al, et 70% par Sharm et al sans résection endoscopique. Nous rapportons notre expérience chez 7 patients comme traitement de l'EBO.
Comparison of terlipressin and noradrenalin on cerebral perfusion, intracranial pressure and cerebral extracellular concentrations of lactate and pyruvate in patients with acute liver failure in need of inotropic support
Authors: Martin Eefsen, Thomas Dethloff, Hans-Jorgen Frederiksen, John Hauerberg, Bent Adel Hansen, Fin Stolze Larsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Fibrinolysis Use Among Patients Requiring Interhospital Transfer for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care
Authors: Amit N. Vora, DaJuanicia N. Holmes, Ivan Rokos, Matthew T. Roe, Christopher B. Granger, William J. French, Elliott Antman, Timothy D. Henry, Laine Thomas, Eric R. Bates, Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Guidelines for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend timely reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) or fibrinolysis. Among patients with STEMI who require interhospital transfer, it is unclear how reperfusion strategy selection and outcomes vary with interhospital drive times.To assess the association of estimated interhospital drive times with reperfusion strategy selection among transferred patients with STEMI in the United States.We identified 22,481 patients eligible for pPCI or fibrinolysis who were transferred from 1771 STEMI referring centers to 366 STEMI receiving centers in the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines database between July 1, 2008, and March 31, 2012.In-hospital mortality and major bleeding.The median estimated interhospital drive time was 57 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 36-88 minutes). When the estimated drive time exceeded 30 minutes, only 42.6% of transfer patients treated with pPCI achieved the first door-to-balloon time within 120 minutes. Only 52.7% of eligible patients with a drive time exceeding 60 minutes received fibrinolysis. Among 15,437 patients with estimated drive times of 30 to 120 minutes who were eligible for fibrinolysis or pPCI, 5296 (34.3%) received pretransfer fibrinolysis, with a median door-to-needle time of 34 minutes (IQR, 23-53 minutes). After fibrinolysis, the median time to transfer to the STEMI receiving center was 49 minutes (IQR, 34-69 minutes), and 97.1% underwent follow-up angiography. Patients treated with fibrinolysis vs pPCI had no significant mortality difference (3.7% vs 3.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.94-1.36) but had higher bleeding risk (10.7% vs 9.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33).In the United States, neither fibrinolysis nor pPCI is being optimally used to achieve guideline-recommended reperfusion targets. For patients who are unlikely to receive timely pPCI, pretransfer fibrinolysis, followed by early transfer for angiography, may be a reperfusion option when potential benefits of timely reperfusion outweigh bleeding risk.