tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and economic burden of viral hepatitis: an observational population based study
Authors: D T Steinke, T L Weston, A D Morris, T M MacDonald, J F Dillon
Journal: Gut (2002)

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and estimate the health resource use of patients with viral hepatitis in Tayside, Scotland, using record linkage techniques. Design: A retrospective observational study. Setting: Liver disease database, Tayside, Scotland. Patients: All subjects resident in Tayside in the study period 1989–1999 and registered on the Epidemiology of Liver Disease in Tayside (ELDIT) database. Main outcome measures: Incidence and prevalence of known viral hepatitis in Tayside, survival of subjects diagnosed with viral hepatitis, and the health resource use with respect to hospital admissions compared with the general population. Results: There were 4992 patients identified with viral hepatitis in the study period 1989–1999; 86 were IgM positive anti-hepatitis A, 187 patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, and 469 were anti-hepatitis C (HCV) positive. HCV and HBsAg seropositive patients were more likely to be hospitalised and stay in hospital longer, less likely to survive after six years, and used more drugs of potential abuse than the general population. There was an increase in cost per admission and per patient as a consequence of liver disease. Conclusions: A record linkage population based study of viral hepatitis allows outcomes to be identified and costed. Those at risk of viral hepatitis infection in the Tayside population should be informed about the future implication to their health and costs to society. The health service should investigate the cost effectiveness of vaccination and opportunity costs to the health service of viral hepatitis taking into consideration the increasing incidence and prevalence of disease.
Response to Comment on Sarkar et al. Exenatide Treatment for 6 Months Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:666–670
Authors: Gayatri Sarkar, May Alattar, Rebecca J. Brown, Michael J. Quon, David M. Harlan, Kristina I. Rother
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Chaudhuri et al. (1) raised the question of why exenatide increased insulin sensitivity in our patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes without simultaneously improving HbA1c (2). The authors expressed concern about the possibility that GLP-1 analogs might be dismissed as ineffective, which would counter their own positive experience with liraglutide in type 1 diabetes.

They speculated that we had attempted to safely introduce exenatide without increasing the frequency of hypoglycemia and thus had cautiously decreased insulin doses. This is correct; we initially lowered prandial insulin doses by 50% and thereafter increased insulin doses as needed (3). Thus, we were not surprised to observe an unchanged HbA1c. In our trial, the …
Comèl-Netherton Syndrome - New Insight Into The Molecular Basis of this Rare Syndrome Characterized by Atopic Diathesis and Immune Deficiency
Authors: E.D. Renner, S. Rylaarsdam, S. Anover, D. Hartl, A. Jayakumar, B.H. Belohradsky, U. Ermer, Y. Jin, G. Kleiner, F. Nagel, Q. Zhu, G.L. Claymann, T.R. Torgerson, H.D. Ochs
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Inhaled ds <scp>RNA</scp> and rhinovirus evoke neutrophilic exacerbation and lung expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergic mice with established experimental asthma
Authors: I. Mahmutovic‐Persson, H. Akbarshahi, N. W. Bartlett, N. Glanville, S. L. Johnston, A. Brandelius, L. Uller
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background Rhinovirus infection or dsRNA stimulation increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an upstream pro-allergic cytokine, in asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells. We hypothesized that dsRNA challenges superimposed on established experimental allergic asthma constitute a useful exacerbation model. We further hypothesized that TSLP is induced at dsRNA- and rhinoviral infection-induced exacerbations. Methods Allergic mice were challenged with OVA followed by three daily intranasal challenges with dsRNA or saline. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analysed for total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CXCL1/KC, CCL2/MCP-1 and differential cell counts. Lung tissue histology, neutrophils and TSLP, TNF-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ mRNA were examined. Alternatively, allergen-challenged mice received intranasal rhinovirus-(RV)-1B followed by lung TSLP immunostaining. Results In mice with allergic airway inflammation, dsRNA challenges caused a significant exacerbation increasing lung tissue inflammation score and tissue neutrophilia. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils, total protein, LDH, CXCL1/KC and CCL2/MCP-1 were also increased (P < 0.01), and so were lung tissue expressions of TNF-α, IFN-λ and TSLP (P < 0.01), but IFN-β was not increased. TSLP, IFN-λ and LDH were not increased by allergen or dsRNA challenges alone, but increased exclusively at exacerbations. RV1B infection-induced exacerbation also increased lung tissue TSLP (P < 0.05). Conclusions dsRNA-induced exacerbation in mice with experimental asthma involved general inflammation, cytokines and interferons, in agreement with previous observations in exacerbating human asthma. Additionally, both dsRNA and RV1B infection increased lung TSLP exclusively at exacerbations. Our data suggest that dsRNA challenges superimposed on allergic inflammation are suited for pharmacological studies of asthma exacerbations including the regulation of lung tissue TSLP, TNF-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ.
Dysarthria with tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: D Storer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

This is often improved if the patient can be persuaded to exercise the sphincters and pelvic muscles persistently and repeatedly.I have no claim to specialised knowledge in this field.But I have been consulted informally by embarrassed women and in many countries-and often with apparently good results-so that I feel the reference to the possibility of exercise should not be neglected.
A Defective Visual Pathway in Children with Reading Disability
Authors: Stephen Lehmkuhle, Ralph P. Garzia, Linda Turner, Tina Hash, John A. Baro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The possibility that reading disability in children is associated with visual problems is in dispute. We sought to test the existence of this association by using electrophysiologic techniques to measure the processing of visual information in the magnicellular and parvicellular visual pathways of the brain.
Veterinary public health
Authors: Cameron Stewart, John Cowden, Jim McMenamin, Bill Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2005)

We need an integrated medical and veterinary approach 

T he World Health Organization defines veterinary public health as, “The sum of all contributions to the complete physical, mental and social well-being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary medical science.”1 With this definition every veterinary surgeon contributes to public health, whether through provision of health care for pets, protection of animal welfare, biomedical research, or ensuring adequate food animal production and food safety.

Veterinary public health impacts on human health by reducing exposure to hazards arising from animals, animal products, and their environment. Examples of these hazards include zoonoses, vector borne infections and other communicable diseases, chemicals and drugs used in animals, envenomations, and injuries from exposure to animals.1

The concept of veterinary public health originates in ancient …
THE IRON CONTENT OF FINGER NAILS.
Authors: ALLAN JACOBS, D. J. JENKINS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article THE IRON CONTENT OF FINGER NAILS. Get access ALLAN JACOBS, M.D., ALLAN JACOBS, M.D. Department of Pathology, Paddington General Hospital, London, W.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. J. JENKINS, F.I.M.L.T. D. J. JENKINS, F.I.M.L.T. Late Department of Chemical Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond, Street, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 4, 1 April 1960, Pages 145–148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13863.x Published: 01 April 1960
Blockade of Na+/H+exchange during metabolic inhibition prevents reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiomyocytes
Authors: Marisol Ruiz-Meana, David García-Dorado, Margarita Julià, Javier Inserte, Miguel A. González, JoséA. Barrabés, J. Soler-Soler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
P1309 HCV MUTANTS RESISTANT TO MACROCYCLIC NS3-4A PROTEASE INHIBITORS SUPPRESS INTERFERON-β INDUCTION BY EFFICIENT MAVS CLEAVAGE
Authors: C. Welsch, K. Haselow, J. Gouttenoire, M. Schneider, K. Morikawa, Y. Martinez, S. Susser, C. Sarrazin, S. Zeuzem, I. Antes, D. Moradpour, C.M. Lange
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Diarrheal Deaths in the United States, 1979 Through 1987
Authors: Judy F. Lew
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--Diarrhea is an important cause of death among young children in both developing and developed countries, but little is known about diarrheal death among adults. In this study, we examined trends in diarrheal deaths among all age groups in the United States.--We reviewed national mortality data complied by the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md, which consists of information from all death certificates filed in the United States for the period 1979 through 1987. A death for which diarrhea was listed as an immediate or underlying cause was considered a "diarrheal death" and included in the analysis.--We found that 28,538 persons died of diarrhea cited as either an immediate or the underlying cause of death during the 9-year period. A majority of diarrheal deaths occurred among the elderly (older than 74 years of age, 51%), followed by adults 55 to 74 years of age (27%), and young children (younger than 5 years of age, 11%). For the elderly, adjusted risk factors for dying of diarrhea included being white, female, and residing in a long-term care facility. Only the elderly and young children had clear, distinct winter peaks of diarrheal deaths, suggesting that the diarrhea may, in part, be infectious in origin.--For the elderly, more directed studies of those at risk, such as nursing home residents, are needed to determine if oral rehydration therapy, vaccines, or other preventive measures might benefit this population.
Herbal Medicine Examined
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Mortality in a Cohort of More than a Million Adults in Rome
Authors: Giulia Cesaroni, Chiara Badaloni, Claudio Gariazzo, Massimo Stafoggia, Roberto Sozzi, Marina Davoli, Francesco Forastiere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Few European studies have investigated the effects of long-term exposure to both fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm; PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on mortality.We studied the association of exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and traffic indicators on cause-specific mortality to evaluate the form of the concentration-response relationship.We analyzed a population-based cohort enrolled at the 2001 Italian census with 9 years of follow-up. We selected all 1,265,058 subjects ≥ 30 years of age who had been living in Rome for at least 5 years at baseline. Residential exposures included annual NO2 (from a land use regression model) and annual PM2.5 (from a Eulerian dispersion model), as well as distance to roads with > 10,000 vehicles/day and traffic intensity. We used Cox regression models to estimate associations with cause-specific mortality adjusted for individual (sex, age, place of birth, residential history, marital status, education, occupation) and area (socioeconomic status, clustering) characteristics.Long-term exposures to both NO2 and PM2.5 were associated with an increase in nonaccidental mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.03) per 10-µg/m3 NO2; HR = 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05) per 10-µg/m3 PM2.5]. The strongest association was found for ischemic heart diseases (IHD) [HR = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.13) per 10-µg/m3 PM2.5], followed by cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. The only association showing some deviation from linearity was that between NO2 and IHD. In a bi-pollutant model, the estimated effect of NO2 on mortality was independent of PM2.5.This large study strongly supports an effect of long-term exposure to NO2 and PM2.5 on mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes. The results are relevant for the next European policy decisions regarding air quality.
Tumours in Children
Authors: Robert A. Goyer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The contributors to this volume of theRecent Results in Cancer Researchseries have reviewed their personal experiences with cancer in children. Most of the observations and data were derived from the work of the Manchester Children's Tumor Registry and include the rarer as well as the common tumors in childhood. The recording of firsthand information in this way permits the authors to correlate clinical management with specific pathology, therapy, and eventual outcome for individual patients. In addition, they frequently quote examples of unusual problems or complications. Since many of these tumors are quite rare the documentation of such experiences is extremely valuable. The authors bring attention to the growing importance of childhood cancer in relation to other pediatric diseases, stating that neoplasms now rank second among causes of death in children.  The chapter on acute leukemia reviews current approaches to chemotherapy reported from various centers in the world, with
Exercise response before and after termination of atrial tachycardia after congenital heart disease surgery.
Authors: H U Wessel, D W Benson, E A Braunlin, A Dunnigan, M H Paul
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We studied exercise performance before and after conversion of atrial tachycardia to sinus rhythm, atrial bradycardia, or junctional rhythm in 10 patients 9-25 years of age 8-20 years after congenital heart disease surgery (complete transposition of the great arteries, seven of 10 patients). The same maximal cycle (five of 10 patients) or treadmill (five of 10 patients) exercise protocol was performed in atrial tachycardia and sinus rhythm 1-232 days after atrial tachycardia (mean, 34 days). Electrocardiogram, heart rate, and pulmonary gas exchange were recorded. Sinus rhythm exercise increased peak VO2 (mean, 28.7 [sinus rhythm] vs. 24.7 [atrial tachycardia], p less than 0.01), exercise time (p less than 0.01), and O2 pulse at rest (p less than 0.01) and at peak exercise (NS). Mean resting heart rate decreased from 109 to 70 beats/min (p less than 0.01). In atrial tachycardia, peak exercise heart rate was low (80-163 beats/min) because of fixed conduction (six of 10 patients) or high as conduction approached 1:1 (176-252 beats/min) (four of 10 patients). In sinus rhythm, rest to peak exercise heart rate increased in six of 10 patients (p less than 0.05). The data show improved exercise performance in sinus rhythm primarily because of improved heart rate adaptation to exercise, by either permitting increased heart rate response or eliminating excessively high heart rate with inadequate diastolic filling.
526. Induction of Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines by the Noxa Gene
Authors: Mohamed Hassan, Amine Alaoui, Alireza Mirmohammadsadegh, Alessandra Marini, Sandeep Nambiar, Ulrich R. Hengge
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancers and has shown a dramatic increase in incidence over the past decades. Although new therapies have become available, unfortunately advanced tumors are invariably resistant to conventional treatment due to a dysregulation of apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of electroporation of the BH3-only gene Noxa to induce apoptosis in melanoma cell lines.
ACUTE TONSILLITIS AND SOME OF ITS SEQUELS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: J. A. Glover, Fred. Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1931)

The lethargic picture so closely resembling that of lethargic encephalitis has been associated with slow cere- bral haemorrhage ever since it was first reported in I824 in connexion with a leaking aneurysm.I have seen it in subdural haemorrhage, in subarachnoid haemorrhage, and in slow intracerebral haemorrhage where there has been much ploughing up of the convolutions at the base of the brairn.The distinction between these two conditions during life may be exceedingly difficult.Delirium, convulsion, pyrexia, albuminuria, glycosuria, and the retinal haemorrhages (both subhyaloid and flame- shaped) give wide scope for discussion of their causal origin.Delirium and convulsion may be the result of the extravasation of blood on the surface of the brain: both * Read in opening a discussion in
Aortic valve sparing procedures in young adults with marfan syndrome and annuloaortic ectasia: Serial echocardiographic assessment of postoperative valve function
Authors: Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, Paolo Masetti, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Suzan F. Murphy, Marc R. Moon, Alan C. Braverman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Physician Participation in Assisted Suicide
Authors: D. E. Heiselman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> David Rivlin won his court case and told reporters: "I'm surprised, I'm not scared. I feel rather peaceful. There's a little bit of fear—the fear of the unknown—but not much" (<i>USA Today</i>. July 21, 1989). Fifteen days later he was dead. The legal decision allowed him to determine the time, place, and manner of his death—sedation followed by termination of the respirator. David was competent, not in a persistent vegetative state, nor was he an advanced case of cardiac failure or dependent on advanced life support. He was not terminally ill and imminently dying. He was quadriplegic and respirator dependent and argued: "I can't see living like this for 20 more years. It could turn a person bitter toward life and toward people, and I don't want that to happen to me" (<i>USA Today</i>. July 7,1989). He said he was tired of being a burden on others
Effects of Nitroglycerin and Propranolol on the Distribution of Transmural Myocardial Blood Flow during Ischemia in the Absence of Hemodynamic Changes in the Unanesthetized Dog
Authors: Judith L. Swain, John P. Parker, Philip A. McHale, Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Chronically instrumented awake dogs were used to study the effects of nitroglycerin and propranolol on the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow during transient ischemia. Studies were carried out 7-14 d after implantation of an electromagnetic flowmeter probe and balloon occluder on the left circumflex coronary artery, placement of epicardial minor axis sonar crystals, and implantation of left atrial, left ventricular, and aortic catheters. The occluder was inflated to completely interrupt flow for 10 s followed by partial release to reestablish flow at 60% of the preocclusion level. During this partial release, which served as the control for the study, regional myocardial blood flow was measured with 7- to 10-μm radioactive microspheres. After control measurements, seven dogs were given nitroglycerin (0.4 mg i.v.) and eight dogs propranolol (0.2 mg/kg i.v.). 5 min later the occlusion and partial release sequence was repeated, and regional myocardial blood flow was measured when heart rate, aortic and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and minor axis diameter were unchanged from control values.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1 and E2 protein regions that specifically bind to HepG2 cells
Authors: Javier Eduardo Garcia, Alvaro Puentes, Jorge Suárez, Ramses López, Ricardo Vera, Luis Eduardo Rodrı́guez, Marisol Ocampo, Hernando Curtidor, Fanny Guzmán, Mauricio Urquiza, Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Sonic Hedgehog Expression in Cerebellar Neural Progenitor Cells Costimulate Medulloblastoma Initiation and Growth
Authors: Mandy J. Binning, Toba Niazi, Carolyn A. Pedone, Bachchu Lal, Charles G. Eberhart, K. Jin Kim, John Laterra, Daniel W. Fults
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Medulloblastomas are malignant brain tumors that arise by transformation of neural progenitor cells in the cerebellum in children. Treatment-related neurotoxicity has created a critical need to identify signaling molecules that can be targeted therapeutically to maximize tumor growth suppression and minimize collateral neurologic injury. In genetically engineered mice, activation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling in neural stem cells in the developing cerebellum induces medulloblastomas. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its cell surface receptor c-Met are highly expressed in human medulloblastomas, and elevated levels of c-Met and HGF mRNA predict an unfavorable prognosis for patients. HGF is neuroprotective for cerebellar granule cells and promotes growth of human medulloblastoma cells in culture and in murine xenografts. We modeled the ability of HGF to induce medulloblastomas in mice using a version of the RCAS/tv-a system that allows gene transfer to cerebellar neural progenitors during their postnatal expansion phase when these cells are highly susceptible to transformation. Here, we report a high frequency of medulloblastoma formation in mice after postnatal expression of HGF in cooperation with Shh. Some tumors showed neurocytic differentiation similar to that in human nodular medulloblastomas with activated Shh signaling. Systemic administration of a monoclonal antibody against HGF prolonged survival of mice bearing Shh + HGF–induced medulloblastomas by stimulating apoptosis. These findings indicate a role for HGF in medulloblastoma initiation and growth and show efficacy of HGF-targeted therapy in a mouse model of endogenously arising tumors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):7838–45]