tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Global Psychosomatic Study of 16 Consecutive Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. Rigatelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

The author reports the results of a global psychosomatic study conducted upon a consecutive series of 16 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), by means of an anamnestic biographic interview plus a projective test (TAT) in association with the usual clinical research applied. The most significant data deal with: the relationship with parental figures during infancy; the 'changes' in life during the period which preceded the clinical onset of UC; the presence of a latent or manifest depressive condition; the alexithymic characteristics; the lack of 'intermediate sphere'; the correlation between the reactivation of UC and certain environmental situations; the defence mechanisms; the type of object relationship.
SPECT Gallium Imaging in Abdominal Lymphoma
Authors: Kim A. Adcock, Geoffrey D. Friefeld, James A. Waldron
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the abdomen studied by gallium SPECT imaging is reported. The tomographic slices accurately demonstrated the location of residual disease after chemotherapy in the region of the transverse mesocolon. Previous transmission CT had shown considerable persistent retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, but was not helpful in determining the presence of viable lymphoma.
Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide Regulates Postischemic Myocardial Oxygenation and Oxygen Consumption by Modulation of Mitochondrial Electron Transport
Authors: Xue Zhao, Guanglong He, Yeong-Renn Chen, Ramasamy P. Pandian, Periannan Kuppusamy, Jay L. Zweier
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Nitric oxide (NO) production is increased in postischemic myocardium, and NO can control mitochondrial oxygen consumption in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the role of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-derived NO on in vivo regulation of oxygen consumption in the postischemic heart.Mice were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary ligation followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial oxygen tension (Po2) was monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. In wild-type, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-treated (with 1 mg/mL in drinking water), and eNOS knockout (eNOS-/-) mice, no difference was observed among baseline myocardial Po2 values (8.6+/-0.7, 10.0+/-1.2, and 10.1+/-1.2 mm Hg, respectively) or those measured at 30 minutes of ischemia (1.4+/-0.6, 2.3+/-0.9, and 3.1+/-1.4 mm Hg, respectively). After reperfusion, myocardial Po2 increased markedly (P<0.001 versus baseline in each group) but was much lower in L-NAME-treated and eNOS-/- mice (17.4+/-1.6 and 20.4+/-1.9 mm Hg) than in wild-type mice (46.5+/-1.7 mm Hg; P<0.001). A transient peak of myocardial Po2 was observed at early reperfusion in wild-type mice. No reactive hyperemia was observed during early reperfusion. Endothelial NO decreased the rate-pressure product (P<0.05), upregulated cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) mRNA expression (P<0.01) with no change in CcO activity, and inhibited NADH dehydrogenase (NADH-DH) activity (P<0.01) without alteration of NADH-DH mRNA expression. Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration was higher in hearts from wild-type mice than in eNOS-/- or L-NAME-treated hearts.eNOS-derived NO markedly suppresses in vivo O2 consumption in the postischemic heart through modulation of mitochondrial respiration based on alterations in enzyme activity and mRNA expression of NADH-DH and CcO. The marked myocardial hyperoxygenation in reperfused myocardium may be a critical factor that triggers postischemic remodeling.
Phylogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An Analysis of Divergence and Outcrossing
Authors: D. R. Denver
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

This study establishes a phylogenetic framework for the natural geographic isolates of the widely studied nematode species Caenorhabditis elegans. Virtually complete mitochondrial genomes are sequenced from 27 C. elegans natural isolates to characterize mitochondrial divergence patterns and to investigate the evolutionary history of the C. elegans hermaphrodite lineages. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial sequences reveals the presence of two major C. elegans hermaphrodite clades (designated clade I and clade II). Fifty-six nuclear loci, widely distributed across the five autosomes and the X chromosome, are also analyzed in a subset of the C. elegans isolates to evaluate nuclear divergence patterns and the extent of mating between different strains. A comparison of the phylogenetic tree derived from mitochondrial data with the phylogenetic tree derived from nuclear data reveals only one inconsistency in the distribution of isolates into clades I and II, suggesting that mating between divergent C. elegans strains is an infrequent event in the wild.
Abstract SY16-04: Contrasting effects of TGF-β signaling in the proangiogenic tumor stroma
Authors: Kristian Pietras
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancer results from the concerted performance of tumor cells interacting with their microenvironment. The formation of a reactive stroma evidently contributes to tumor initiation, growth and progression by providing growth-regulatory factors, supporting tumor angiogenesis, and facilitating invasion. As a rich source of cancer-promoting factors, the tumor stroma is an underestimated target for the development of novel therapeutics. Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family have been linked to vascular formation through mouse genetic studies. However, contradictory reports on the role of TGF-β signaling in physiological and pathological angiogenesis make the need for mechanistic studies apparent. Here, we describe functional studies on the role of the TGF-β receptor activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1 and its co-receptor endoglin in tumor angiogenesis. We demonstrate by genetic and pharmacological means that diminution of ALK1 gene dosage, or systemic treatment with an ALK1-Fc fusion protein, retarded tumor growth and progression by inhibition of angiogenesis. Moreover, we uncovered an unexpected synergy through which the combined action of different ALK1 ligands primed endothelial cells to respond to prototypical angiogenic stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. In parallel studies, genetic targeting of endoglin was revealed to give rise to an initial block in the angiogenic switch of tumors, which was overcome through acquired resistance characterized by an increased metastatic spread. The rise in metastatic dissemination was consequential to a loss of junctional patency in the endoglin-deficient vasculature due to ongoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our studies delineate a decisive role for signaling by TGF-β family members in tumor angiogenesis and offer mechanistic insight for the forthcoming clinical development of drugs blocking TGF-β signaling in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY16-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY16-04
Treatment with granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor and the adult respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Gregor Verhoef, Marc Boogaerts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We report a case of a patient who developed a fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during treatment with rh granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM‐CSF) (250 mcg/m 2 /day s.c.) and low‐dose cytosine‐arabinoside (Ara‐C) (20 mg/m 2 /day s.c.). Several mechanisms which might explain the lung tissue damage in this patient were explored. GM‐CSF increased the expression of the glycoproteins CD11 B and CD18 on the surface of his neutrophils, which may have increased the adhesiveness of neutrophils to the pulmonary endothelium. In addition, GM‐CSF primed the neutrophils of the patient to an enhanced release of superoxide anions. Both findings may at least partially explain why GM‐CSF exerted a deleterious action on the pulmonary endothelial integrity in this patient. Other factors, such as increased platelet‐activating factor production by the neutrophils or tumor necrosis factor‐mediated mechanisms, may also have played a role. ARDS as a complication of low‐dose Ara‐C seems less plausible.
Landmark article Feb 10, 1923: Roentgenography of urinary tract during excretion of sodium iodid. By Earl D. Osborne, Charles G. Sutherland, Albert J. Scholl, Jr. and Leonard G. Rowntree
Authors: E. D. Osborne
Journal: JAMA (1983)

There is need of a simple and painless method of depicting the urinary tract, bladder, kidneys and ureters. By the use of catheters and various opaque mediums, success has been attained so far as the bladder, ureters and pelves of the kidney are concerned. Cystography and urography, while of great importance, are not without drawbacks and limitations. The use of the urethral or ureteral catheter is subject to obvious objections from both the physician's and the patient's standpoint. Technically, ureteral catheterization is at times very difficult, and it often subjects the patient to excruciating pain and occasionally to serious reactions. While pyelography may clearly delineate the renal pelves, it may fail to reveal the outline of the kidney itself. In surgical and medical diseases of the kidney, information concerning the size and location of these organs is of paramount interest. In nephritis, for example, it would be of decided value
COLITIS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
Authors: EDWARD ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Colitis, in the adult, often occurs as a primary disease, but this is rarely the case in infancy. At an early age it usually begins as an enteritis and is most always caused by indigestible substances irritating and obstructing the small intestine. Bottle-fed infants are particularly prone to this disease and I believe that most of those who die, waste away from its effects. Intussusception is spoken of, as of frequent occurrence in connection with it. I have never seen it, though obstruction more or less complete, I believe, is always present. Heat is an important factor in its causation, as is proved by its being confined almost exclusively to the hot months of the year. A heated atmosphere not only renders the infant's bowels incapable of digestion, but also its food unfit for use, even when we can not perceive it by the taste. An enteritis sometimes runs into
Reminiscences of a Recent Visit to the Twelfth International Medical Congress at Moscow, Russia.
Authors: Augustus P. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 26, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The International Medical Congress at Moscow, August 19-26, was under the high protection of His Majesty, the Emperor Nicholas II. and the August Patronage of His Imperial Highness, the Grand Duke Sergius Alexandrovitch. There were held three general sessions, which took place in the Grand Théâtre Impérial. Admission to a session was by card, which was issued by the committee having the matter under control. The number of delegates and registered members was so great that the invitations had to be limited to the seating capacity. Most of the members, however, had during one or more of the three sessions an opportunity of witnessing the manner in which the general work was conducted. I was fortunate in receiving a card that admitted me to all the exercises. The opening session was the most important, on account of the presence of the Grand
Highly Active Macromolecular Prodrugs Inhibit Expression of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome in the Host Cells
Authors: Pau Ruiz‐Sanchis, Benjamin M. Wohl, Anton A. A. Smith, Kaja Zuwala, Jesper Melchjorsen, Martin Tolstrup, Alexander N. Zelikin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Efficacious, potent, and at the same time nontoxic macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin are designed taking advantage over prodrug activation by the intracellular milieu. Activity of these prodrugs is illustrated in the cells hosting hepatitis C virus replication and also in the cells implicated in the inflammatory response to the viral infection. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Serological Studies on Nephrotic Syndrome of Quartan Malaria in Uganda
Authors: J. W. Kibukamusoke, A. Voller
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Ugandans with high malarial antibody titres have been found also to have higher IgM levels. Patients with active nephrotic syndrome have higher IgM and malarial antibody levels than both controls and nephrotics in remission, an extreme increase in these factors being found in patients in whom immune complexes were present.
Early On–Cardiopulmonary Bypass Hypotension and Other Factors Associated With Vasoplegic Syndrome
Authors: Matthew A. Levin, Hung-Mo Lin, Javier G. Castillo, David H. Adams, David L. Reich, Gregory W. Fischer
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Vasoplegic syndrome is a form of vasodilatory shock that can occur after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that the severity and duration of the decline in mean arterial pressure immediately after CPB is begun can be used as a predictor of patients will develop vasoplegia in the immediate post-CPB period and of poor clinical outcome. We quantified the decline in mean arterial pressure by calculating an area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve. Methods and Results— We retrospectively analyzed 2823 adult cardiac surgery cases performed between July 2002 and December 2006. Of these 2823, 577 (20.4%) were vasoplegic after separation from CPB. We found that 1645 patients (58.3%) had a clinically significant decline in mean arterial pressure after starting CPB (area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve &gt;0) and were significantly more likely to become vasoplegic (23.0% versus 16.9%; odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.43; P &lt;0.001). These patients were also far more likely either to die in hospital or to have a length of stay &gt;10 days (odds ratio, 3.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.44 to 7.57; P =0.005). Additional risk factors for developing vasoplegia that were identified included the additive euroSCORE, procedure type, prebypass mean arterial pressure, length of bypass, administration of pre-CPB vasopressors, core temperature on CPB, pre- and post-CPB hematocrit, the preoperative use of β-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and the intraoperative use of aprotinin. Conclusions— The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to predict vasoplegia intraoperatively before separation from CPB and that the presence of a clinically significant area above the mean arterial blood pressure curve serves as a predictor of poor clinical outcome.
Study supports link between low vitamin D and dementia risk
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Being severely deficient in vitamin D is associated with a more than twofold increased risk of developing dementia, a new study has found.1 The study appeared in the journal Neurology , and the lead author was Thomas J Littlejohns of the University of Exeter Medical School in the United Kingdom.

In the study the researchers analysed data from 1658 elderly US residents who had participated in the Cardiovascular Health Study—a prospective, population based study conducted in the 1990s to look at cardiovascular disease risks.

The participants selected for the new analyses had all been ambulatory when they enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study, they had been free of dementia, cardiovascular disease, and any history of transient …
Erythropoietin in the treatment of delayed immune hemolysis of a major ABO‐incompatible bone marrow transplant
Authors: J. López, J. L. Steegmann, G. Pérez, M. J. Otero, M. Berberana, R. Cámara, M. Lamana, M. J. Fernández Villalta, J. M. Fernández‐Rañada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Delayed immune hemolysls can be observed after major ABO‐incompatible bone marrow transplants (BMT). The management of these hemolytic eplsodes Includes transfuslofi of group O red blood cells and increases of immunosuppression. Here we report the case of a 25‐year‐old patient who developed overt immune hemolysis on day +50 after a HLA‐identical ABO‐incompatible BMT. To avoid added immunosuppression, erythropoietin was started: an Increase in reticulocytes sufficlent to maintain hemoglobin despite perslstent hemolysis was observed. We conclude that erythropoletin may have a role In the management of delayed‐onset hemolysis of major ABO‐incompatible BMT, especially when added Immunosuppresslon is undesirable. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Incentive-Based Formularies on Prescription-Drug Utilization and Spending
Authors: Haiden A. Huskamp, Patricia A. Deverka, Arnold M. Epstein, Robert S. Epstein, Kimberly A. McGuigan, Richard G. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Many employers and health plans have adopted incentive-based formularies in an attempt to control prescription-drug costs.We used claims data to compare the utilization of and spending on drugs in two employer-sponsored health plans that implemented changes in formulary administration with those in comparison groups of enrollees covered by the same insurers. One plan simultaneously switched from a one-tier to a three-tier formulary and increased all enrollee copayments for medications. The second switched from a two-tier to a three-tier formulary, changing only the copayments for tier-3 drugs. We examined the utilization of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, proton-pump inhibitors, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins).Enrollees covered by the employer that implemented more dramatic changes experienced slower growth than the comparison group in the probability of the use of a drug and a major shift in spending from the plan to the enrollee. Among the enrollees who were initially taking tier-3 statins, more enrollees in the intervention group than in the comparison group switched to tier-1 or tier-2 medications (49 percent vs. 17 percent, P<0.001) or stopped taking statins entirely (21 percent vs. 11 percent, P=0.04). Patterns were similar for ACE inhibitors and proton-pump inhibitors. The enrollees covered by the employer that implemented more moderate changes were more likely than the comparison enrollees to switch to tier-1 or tier-2 medications but not to stop taking a given class of medications altogether.Different changes in formulary administration may have dramatically different effects on utilization and spending and may in some instances lead enrollees to discontinue therapy. The associated changes in copayments can substantially alter out-of-pocket spending by enrollees, the continuation of the use of medications, and possibly the quality of care.
Endoscopic mucosal resection as curative therapy for esophageal cancer is inappropriate and should be discouraged
Authors: B. Rahden, H. Stein
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The recent paper by Pech and colleagues [1] requires some critical comment regarding the oncologic adequacy of the proposed endoscopic therapy for early esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC). The Wiesbaden group around Professor Ell are known for their vigorous advocacy of their approach to esophageal neoplasms with endoscopic mucosa resection (EMR), which they now characterize as “curative.” Introducing the topic, the authors state that EMR is already “…considered to be a safe and effective alternative treatment to radical surgery in cases where the neoplasia is intraepithelial or limited to the mucosal layer.” In the discussion they even state that EMR has been “established as a standard treatment for patients with early squamous-cell neoplasia over the past few years.”
Haematoma of rectus abdominis associated with dialysis.
Authors: N G De Santo, G Capodicasa, N Perna, C De Pascale, C Giordano
Journal: BMJ (1972)

LIMITATIONSColonoscopy subjects the patient to inconvenience and some discomfort.It is time-consuming for the operators and oc- cupies x-ray facilities for long periods, though we estimate that even in the most difficult cases we have used under 45 seconds of screening time.The instrument is costly, requires careful maintenance, and is subject to wear and tear which may lead to damage of the fibre bundle or of the mechanical parts.For these reasons it seems likely that colonoscopy will be a specialist service provided in a few centres.Examination of the whole colon is not to be recommended as an oc- casional procedure for those with a limited interest in endoscopy.We wish to thank Sister B. Quaid for her skill in preparing the patients and are indebted to Dr.
Long-term tocainide therapy for ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: R A Winkle, P J Meffin, D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Long-term tocainide therapy has been evaluated in 17 patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation was recurrent and sustained in nine patients, and symptomatic but unsustained in three others. Five patients had frequent but only mildly symptomatic ventricular irritability. In all patients, arrhythmias could not be managed with quinidine, procainamide or propranolol. Tocainide doses ranged from 300 to 700 mg every 8 hours (mean steady-state plasma concentrations ranged from 5.75 to 12.18 microgram/ml). Tocainide therapy was unsuccessful in eight patients; three died during therapy and five had no antiarrhythmic response. The data suggest that evaluation of long-term drug efficacy, using the criterion of reduction of asymptomatic arrhythmias, is best documented by multiple sequential ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings, both on and off the drug. Tocainide controlled arrhythmias in nine patients (53%), with criteria of success being continued reduction of ectopic beats and/or control of symptomatic recurrences. Seven patients remain on therapy. Side effects generally have been minor and well-tolerated.
Treatment of Mushroom Poisoning
Authors: Kent R. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The review of mush-room poisoning by Hanrahan and Gordon 1 provides a timely reminder that foraging in the wild for food and fun can be extremely dangerous. Those bent on finding wild mushrooms for the dinner table are well advised to do so only in the company of an experienced mycologist.  We would like to disagree with some of the authors' advice on diagnosis and treatment of amatoxin poisoning. Their treatment algorithm implies that patients with early-onset symptoms do not have amatoxin poisoning and also recommends a grab bag of unproved antidotes.  It is true that if the onset of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is delayed by more than six to eight hours, ingestion of amatoxin is likely. However, the early onset of symptoms due to poisoning by a simple GI tract irritant, such as Entoloma lividum , does not rule out concomitant ingestion of an amatoxin-containing mushroom. Frequently