tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microparticulate-Induced Phlebitis
Authors: Kenneth H. Falchuk, Lynn Peterson, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We carried out a double-blind prospective study of the effect of a filter on the incidence of phlebitis associated with intravenous infusion in 541 patients. A total of 277 patients received infusions through intravenous sets with 0.22-μm IVEX-HP filters, and 264 received infusions without filters. Each infusion was evaluated daily for a maximum of three days. The incidence of phlebitis on Days 1, 2, and 3 of the study was 14.3, 31.1, and 27 per cent for patients receiving infusions without filters and 6.8, 9.7, and 11.3 per cent for those receiving infusions through the filters (P<0.001). Thus, the incidence was reduced by approximately two thirds in the patients who received infusions through the IVEX-HP filters. We conclude that infusion-related phlebitis is a pervasive problem in hospitalized patients, and that it is usually caused by microparticulate components that are present in the infusion fluids and can be removed by in-line filtration. (N Engl J Med 1985;312:78–82.)
Book Review The Politics of Public Health in the United States By Kant Patel and Mark E. Rushefsky. 346 pp. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe, 2005. $84.95 (cloth); $29.95 (paper). 0-7656-1135-X (cloth); 0-7656-1136-8 (paper).
Authors: Kurt Darr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Race- and gender-related variation in natural killer p46 expression associated with differential anti-hepatitis c virus immunity
Authors: Lucy Golden-Mason, Amy E.L. Stone, Kiran M. Bambha, Linling Cheng, Hugo R. Rosen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Major racial and gender differences have been documented in the natural history and treatment responses of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, distinct mechanisms have remained enigmatic. We hypothesized that racial- and gender-related differences in natural killer (NK) cell populations may explain altered natural history and treatment responses. Our study cohort consisted of 29 African-American (AA; 55% male) and 29 Caucasian-American (CA; 48% male) healthy uninfected control subjects. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize levels, phenotype with respect to 14 NK receptors, and lymphokine-activated killing (LAK) function. Gene expression was assessed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after 6-hour in vitro stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The ability to control HCV infection was assessed in the Huh-7.5/JFH-1 coculture system. NK expression of natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 was strongly associated with CA race and female gender and correlated positively with LAK activity (P = 0.0054). NKp46(high) NKs were more efficient at controlling HCV than their NKp46(low) counterparts (P < 0.001). Similarly, ligation of NKp46 on isolated NK cells resulted in a significant reduction in the HCV copy number detected in Huh-7.5/JFH-1 coculture (multiplicity of infection: 0.01) at an effector:target ratio of 5:1 (P < 0.005). After TLR stimulation, genes involved in cytotoxicity, but not cytokine genes, were significantly up-regulated in NKp46(high) NKs. Cytokine stimulation (interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-15) demonstrated that NKp46(high) NK cells have significantly higher interferon-gamma production than NKp46(low) cells. TLR stimulation significantly induced degranulation as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Fas, and TNF-α protein expression in NKp46(high) NKs. NKp46 ligand was induced on HCV-infected hepatocytes.NKp46 expression may contribute to differential HCV responses. NKp46 expression correlates with anti-HCV activity in vitro and thus may prove to be a useful therapeutic target.
Ethacrynic Acid Butyl-Ester Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells through a Hydrogen Peroxide–Mediated Pathway Independent of Glutathione<i>S</i>-Transferase P1-1 Inhibition
Authors: Rui Wang, Chunmin Li, Dandan Song, Guisen Zhao, Linxiang Zhao, Yongkui Jing
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Ethacrynic acid (EA), a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor and diuretic agent, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. To improve the activities, the structure of EA has been modified, and it has been shown that EA esters had an increased cell growth inhibitory ability compared with nonesterified analogue. EA butyl-ester (EABE) was synthesized, and its apoptosis induction ability was studied. The efficacy of EABE was compared with that of EA, and the mechanisms of action were studied in HL-60 leukemia cells. EABE exhibited greater cell growth inhibitory and apoptosis induction abilities than did EA. EABE-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells correlated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, the death receptor 5 (DR5), and caspase activation and decreased levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Pretreatment with antioxidants, either N-acetylcysteine or catalase, completely blocked EABE-induced apoptosis, H2O2 accumulation, and up-regulation of DR5 levels. RG19, a subclone of Raji cells stably transfected with a GSTπ expression vector, and K562 cells with high endogenous GSTP1-1 activity were less sensitive to EABE-induced apoptosis. EABE was more rapidly taken up than EA by HL-60 cells as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of intracellular concentrations. These results suggest that (a) H2O2 production is a mediator of EABE and EA-induced apoptosis; (b) GSTP1-1 plays a negative role in EABE and EA-induced apoptosis; and (c) the activity of EABE is greater than EA due to its more rapid entry into cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7856–64]
Mitral annular motion assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is related to left ventricular function defined by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: None Jian Xin Qin, Takahiro Shiota, Richard D. White, Lisa A. Cardon, Xiyi Hang, Neil L. Greenberg, William J. Stewart, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
SPIRIT POSSESSION IN HAITI
Authors: ARI KIEV
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Possession as seen in Haiti is a culturally sanctioned, heavily institutionalized and symbolically invested means of expression in action for various ego dystonic impulses and thoughts. It provides a behavioral outlet for much of the impoverished and suppressed peasantry of Haiti. For those who are Voodoo devotees it provides legitimized public roles for private repressed impulses and needs. It serves different needs for different people. For the hungan it provides a flexible and recognizable set of ideas which makes possible the translation of private needs into a publically acknowledged religious chosenness. For the hunsi it is an opportunity for the expression of behavior and emotions. The last type of individual "possessed by a loa" would seem to be unable to channel his uncontrollable impulses into such an acknowledged and useful role for various reasons, usually ones which have alienated him from the mainsprings of the Voodoo cult. In essence, possession is a useful and culturally sanctioned form of role playing which serves public as well as private needs and is legitimized only insofar as it occurs in the context of Voodoo and in the correct proportions. For those who are out of touch with Voodoo or for those whose possessions last longer than the ceremonials warrant it is not legitimized and is considered a form of fobie. The similarity of possession phenomena and psychiatric illness plus the identical explanations for loa possession and supernatural fobie suggests a strong relationship between the two and adds weight to our formulation of ritual possession as an acceptable form of "going crazy."
Clinical Prediction Rules
Authors: Thomas D. Mendez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 January 1991Clinical Prediction RulesThomas D. Mendez, MDThomas D. Mendez, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-2-172_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:As a practicing emergency physician and recent graduate of an academically oriented internal medicine residency, I am primed to see support for clinical decision rules that help to make sense of diagnostic work-ups. As Dr. Epstein points out in a recent editorial (1), there is a difficulty in implementing such practices, even when they seem to be well substantiated. He gives several possible explanations but fails to explicitly mention an additional important factor. Specifically, public opinion, the tort system, and individual patients all indicate that there is an unwillingness to accept a diagnostic accuracy of less than...Reference1. Epstein P. Cassandra and the clinician: are clinical prediction rules changing the practice of medicine? Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:646-7. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Epstein P. Cassandra and the clinician: are clinical prediction rules changing the practice of medicine? Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:646-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Heckerling P, Tape T, and Wigton R. Clinical prediction rule for pulmonary infiltrates. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:664-70. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Tierney W, McDonald C, Hui S, and Martin D. Computer predictions of abnormal test results: effects on outpatient testing. JAMA. 1988;259:1194-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Tierney W, Martin D, Hui S, and McDonald C. Using clinical data to predict abnormal serum electrolytes and blood cell profiles. J Gen Intern Med. 1989;4:375-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas D. Mendez, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorrection: Spelling of Author's Name 15 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 2Page: 172-172KeywordsClinical decision support systemsDiagnostic medicineGraduate medical educationResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Embargoes, boring but beneficial
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Most BMJ readers probably associate the word “embargo” with its traditional meaning of “an order of government prohibiting the movement of merchant vessels from or into its ports.” But within the murky world where medical journals meet the mass media “embargo” means the block that journals put on their material being used by the mass media until a particular time. For years both the BMJ and the Lancet have embargoed their material until 00.01 on Friday mornings. Editors believe that this system benefits doctors, patients, the public, journalists, and the journals themselves, but the system is becoming to crack. Last week the BMJs embargo was breached (p 305), and there have been several examples in recent months of the embargos of medical journals being breached.

The BMJs first commitment is to doctors and their patients. Many doctors would prefer that information reached them before it reached the mass media—so that they were prepared for any rush or scare that the stories in the mass media might provoke. Sadly, this is unachievable while journals are distributed in paper form through the post, because the electronic media can break a story in minutes. Without a fair embargo, journalists will break a …
A Follow-Up Study of Those Who Called a Suicide Prevention Center
Authors: JAMES WILKINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Reports concerning the number of suicides among those who have called suicide prevention centers have varied considerably in methods and in results. It is therefore difficult to determine the relevance or effectiveness of such centers. The author points out some of the desiderata for more useful studies and reports the results of his own study in Chicago: out of about 1,300 callers, there were eight suicides, four equivocal deaths, and five "suicides" by alcohol.
Response by women aged 65-79 to invitation for screening for breast cancer by mammography: a pilot study.
Authors: P Hobbs, C Kay, E H Friedman, A S St Leger, C Lambert, C R Boggis, T M Howard, A W Owen, D L Asbury
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine whether there is sufficient benefit to be gained by offering screening for breast cancer with mammography to women aged 65-79, who are not normally invited for screening.Pilot study of women eligible for screening but not for personal invitation. The results of this study were compared with the results of routinely screened younger women (aged 50-64) from the same general practice.One group general practice in south Manchester.The 631 women aged 65-79 on the practice list. A total of 42 (7%) were excluded by the general practitioner, and 22 (4%) invitation letters were returned by the post office.Response rates to invitation for screening assessed by three indices: crude population coverage ratio, crude invited population coverage ratio, and corrected invited population coverage ratio.344 Patients aged 65-79 (61% of those invited, excluding those who could not be traced) were screened compared with 77% of women aged 50-64. The three response indices were higher for younger women than older: crude population coverage ratio = 66.5%, crude invited population coverage ratio = 69.3%, corrected invited population coverage ratio = 76.8% for women aged 50-64, compared with 54.5%, 58.4%, and 60.7% respectively for women aged 65-79. All four biopsies done in the older women gave positive results, giving a cancer detection rate of 11.6/1000 compared with 4.1/1000 among younger women.These results show that there is a potential for high attendance at routine screening by older women if they are invited in the same way as younger women. If these results are found elsewhere the costs and benefits of screening older women should be reassessed.
Abstract 320: New metastatic murine prostate cancer cell lines and preclinical model of human prostate cancer.
Authors: Xiaoming Ju, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Defining oncogene-specific molecular pathways required for the induction and maintenance of prostate cancer is essential for the rational design of new therapies. Identifying molecular predictors of prostate cancer patient survival is important for patient therapeutic substratification. We generated murine prostate cancer cell lines via selective transduction with a single oncogene (c-Myc, Ha-Ras, NeuT, and v-Src). These cell lines demonstrate contact-independent growth characteristics in soft agar, and have the substantial growth advantage over primary prostate epithelial cells. Each of the prostate lines grew tumor in immune competent mice after subcutaneous injection, and develop lung metastasis in c-Myc, Ha-Ras, and v-Src cell line groups. RNA samples were prepared from the these cell lines, Microarray analysis identified a total of 2635 out of 22115 genes that were significantly altered in expression (at least two-fold change) in oncogene over-expressing cell lines when compared with prostate epithelial cell control samples. The distinct oncogene expression signature was compared to gene signatures obtained from other published databases to identify similarities to human prostate cancer phenotypes. Comparisons were performed against gene signatures representative of differential expression in advanced state vs. early stage prostate cancer, high grade vs low grade prostate cancer, recurrent vs. nonrecurrent, the results indicate a significant degree of similarity between the prostate oncogene expression signature and high-grade disease; between the oncogene expression signature and the advanced stage disease phenotype. Interrogation of two distinct cohorts of Prostate cancer patient samples using the oncogene signature demonstrated an ability to distinguish tumor from normal prostate with a predictive value for prostate cancer of 98 - 99%. The signature provided in blinded study independent substratification of reduced recurrence free survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The generation of new oncogene-specific prostate cancer cell lines that recapitulate human prostate cancer gene expression, that metastasize in immune-competent mice, are a valuable new resource for testing targeted therapy. The molecular signatures identified herein provide further value over current markers of prediction and outcome. Citation Format: Xiaoming Ju, Richard G. Pestell. New metastatic murine prostate cancer cell lines and preclinical model of human prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 320. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-320
Temporal and Spatial Variations in Structural Protein Expression During the Progression From Stunned to Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: V.L.J.L. Thijssen, M. Borgers, M.-H. Lenders, F.C.S. Ramaekers, G. Suzuki, B. Palka, J.A. Fallavollita, S.A. Thomas, J.M. Canty
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Dysfunctional and normally perfused remote regions show equal myolysis and glycogen accumulation in pig hibernating myocardium. We tested the hypothesis that these arose secondary to elevations in preload rather than ischemia. Methods and Results— Expression of structural protein (desmin, desmoplakin, titin, cardiotin, α-smooth muscle actin, lamin-A/C, and lamin-B2) in viable dysfunctional myocardium was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We performed blinded analysis of paired dysfunctional left anterior descending coronary artery and normal remote subendocardial samples from stunned (24 hours; n=6), and hibernating (2 weeks; n=6) myocardium versus sham controls pigs (n=7). Within 24 hours, cardiac myocytes globally reexpressed α-smooth muscle actin. In stunned myocardium, cardiotin was globally reduced, whereas reductions in desmin were restricted to the dysfunctional region. Alterations progressed with the transition to hibernating myocardium, in which desmin, cardiotin, and titin were globally reduced. A qualitatively similar reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins occurred 3 hours after transient elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to 33±3 mm Hg. Conclusions— Qualitative cardiomyocyte remodeling similar to that in humans with chronic hibernation occurs rapidly after a critical coronary stenosis is applied, as well as after transient elevations in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the absence of ischemia. Thus, reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins in patients with viable dysfunctional myocardium appears to reflect chronic and/or cyclical elevations in preload associated with episodes of spontaneous regional ischemia.
The need for climate-compatible development: a reminder from the Uttarakhand floods
Authors: Gulrez Shah Azhar
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

Recent floods in the hill state of Uttarakhand in north India, which caused the deaths of thousands of people and millions of Rupees' worth of damage, are a stark reminder of the potential negative effects of unplanned development on public health. In response, the state government has implemented a blanket ban on all construction on river banks. Climatic disasters like these floods are projected to increase because of climate change, but developing countries are ill prepared to deal with them effectively. Planning is becoming increasingly difficult because of the complex interplay of various factors, including growth, population, disaster frequency, trade, and (disruptive) innovations. Measures to ensure the success of these climate-compatible development strategies include an appropriate governance framework that incorporates legislative and regulatory measures; that integrates resilience building, developmental risk reduction, and low emission growth strategies; that ensures the transition to resilient low emission growth is beneficial to poor people; and checks that the processes for planning for threats and opportunities are in line with international frameworks. In view of the health costs of disasters, disaster risk reduction needs to be seen through a global health lens and integrated tightly with global public health. I declare that I have no conflicts of interest.
LOCAL RECOVERY IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCUS LOBAR PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG
Authors: O. H. Robertson, L. T. Coggeshall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

An investigation has been made of the process of local recovery occurring in the pulmonary lesions of dogs with experimental pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. Six animals showing simultaneous healing and spread of the pathological process in different parts of the lungs were sacrificed during the active stage of the disease for bacteriological and histological study. It was found that with few exceptions the clearing (resolving) lesions as revealed by x-ray during life were sterile on culture while the young, metastatic processes yielded an abundant growth of pneumococci. The resolving areas which represented the older lesions were characterized by the presence of a well developed macrophage reaction, whereas the early lesions consisted of alternating areas of edema and polymorphonuclear infiltration and contained usually many pneumococci both free and in the cells. The only pneumococci found in the areas of macrophage mobilization were intracellular forms, for the most part in the process of digestion. In several instances these striking differences in the cellular picture and the numbers and distribution of pneumococci were observed in different parts of a single lobe lesion. Tests on the blood serum failed to reveal any evidence of acquired antipneumococcal humoral immunity. The significance of these findings in relation to the mechanism of recovery is discussed.
Immediate neuroendocrine signaling after partial hepatectomy through acute portal hyperpressure and cholestasis
Authors: Isabelle Doignon, Boris Julien, Valérie Serrière-Lanneau, Isabelle Garcin, Gérard Alonso, Alexandra Nicou, François Monnet, Michelle Gigou, Lydie Humbert, Dominique Rainteau, Daniel Azoulay, Denis Castaing, Marie-Christine Gillon, Didier Samuel, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Thierry Tordjmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)