tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 in Airway Nerves of Chronic Cough
Authors: David A. Groneberg, Akio Niimi, Q. Thai Dinh, Borja Cosio, Mark Hew, Axel Fischer, K. Fan Chung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Transient receptor potential vanniloid-1 (TRPV-1) mediates the cough response induced by the pepper extract capsaicin and is expressed in sensory nerves that innervate the airway wall. We determined the expression of TRPV-1 in the airways of patients with chronic persistent cough of diverse causes and with an enhanced capsaicin cough response. We obtained airway mucosal biopsies by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 29 patients with chronic cough and 16 healthy volunteers without a cough. Immunostaining for nerve profiles with anti-protein gene product (PGP)-9.5 antibody showed no increase in nerve profiles in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic cough; however, with an anti-TRPV-1 antibody, there was a fivefold increase of TRPV-1 staining nerve profiles (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between capsaicin tussive response and the number of TRPV-1-positive nerves within the patients with cough. Our findings indicate that TRPV-1 receptors may contribute to an enhanced cough reflex and the cough response in chronic persistent cough of diverse causes.
Relation Between the Assessment of Microvascular Injury by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Coronary Doppler Flow Velocity Measurements in Patients With Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alexander Hirsch, Robin Nijveldt, Joost D.E. Haeck, Aernout M. Beek, Karel T. Koch, José P.S. Henriques, Rene J. van der Schaaf, Marije M. Vis, Jan Baan, Robbert J. de Winter, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Albert C. van Rossum, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Protease nexin 1 inhibits hedgehog signaling in prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chad M. McKee, Danmei Xu, Yunhong Cao, Sheheryar Kabraji, Danny Allen, Veerle Kersemans, John Beech, Sean Smart, Freddie Hamdy, Adrian Ishkanian, Jenna Sykes, Melania Pintile, Michael Milosevic, Theodorus van der Kwast, Gaetano Zafarana, Varune Rohan Ramnarine, Igor Jurisica, Chad Mallof, Wan Lam, Robert G. Bristow, Ruth J. Muschel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) patients are classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups that reflect relative survival categories. While there are accepted treatment regimens for low- and high-risk patients, intermediate-risk patients pose a clinical dilemma, as treatment outcomes are highly variable for these individuals. A better understanding of the factors that regulate the progression of CaP is required to delineate risk. For example, aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is implicated in CaP progression. Here, we identify the serine protease inhibitor protease nexin 1 (PN1) as a negative regulator of Hh signaling in prostate. Using human CaP cell lines and a mouse xenograft model of CaP, we demonstrate that PN1 regulates Hh signaling by decreasing protein levels of the Hh ligand Sonic (SHH) and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, we show that SHH expression enhanced tumor growth while overexpression of PN1 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. Finally, using comparative genome hybridization, we found that genetic alterations in Hh pathway genes correlated with worse clinical outcomes in intermediate-risk CaP patients, indicating the importance of this pathway in CaP.
Aprotinin Therapy as Prophylaxis Against Postoperative Pancreatitis in Humans
Authors: David B. Skinner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Pancreatitis of mild to severe degree developed in 16 of 99 patients after surgical procedures, such as exploration of the common bile duct, transduodenal sphincterotomy, and gastric resection for duodenal ulcer, were performed in the vicinity of the pancreas. The incidence of this complication was higher in younger patients. The use of the proteinase inhibitor, aprotinin, did not prevent pancreatitis from occurring postoperatively in comparison to a placebo in a prospective double-blind study.
The oesophageal obturator airway: a new device in emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: T A Michael, A S Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Experience with 29 000 cases in which the oesophageal obturator airway has been used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation indicates its safety, efficacy, and ease of use. Blood gases, fractional inspired oxygen, and pH were measured in 18 patients given both the oesophageal obturator airway and the endotracheal tube; there was no significant difference between the two. The former was found to be inserted more rapidly and reliably; moreover, paramedical staff are quickly trained to use it. It is concluded that the oesophageal obturator airway provides the technique of choice whenever ideal conditions and facilities--and trained staff--for endotracheal intubation are not immediately available.
Role of changes in insulin and glucagon in glucose homeostasis in exercise.
Authors: R R Wolfe, E R Nadel, J H Shaw, L A Stephenson, M H Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

This experiment was performed to determine if plasma glucose homeostasis is maintained in normal human volunteers during light exercise (40% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max]) when changes in insulin and glucagon are prevented. Hormonal control was achieved by the infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon. Glucose kinetics and oxidation rates were determined with stable isotopic tracers of glucose, and by indirect calorimetry. Two different rates of replacement of insulin and glucagon were used; in one group, insulin was clamped at 19.8 +/- 2.6 microU/ml (high-insulin group), and in the other group insulin was clamped at 9.2 +/- 1.3 microU/ml (low-insulin group). Glucagon was maintained at 261 +/- 16.2 and 124 +/- 6.4 pg/ml, respectively, in the high-insulin and low-insulin groups. Without hormonal control, plasma glucose homeostasis was maintained during exercise because the increase in glucose uptake was balanced by a corresponding increase in glucose production. When changes in insulin and glucagon were prevented, plasma glucose concentration fell, particularly in the high-insulin group. Glucose uptake increased to a greater extent than when hormones were not controlled, and glucose production did not increase sufficiently to compensate. The increase in glucose uptake in the hormonal control groups was associated with an increased rate of glucose oxidation. When euglycemia was maintained by glucose infusion in the hormonal control subjects, the modest increase in glucose production that otherwise occurred was prevented. It is concluded that during light exercise there must be a reduction in insulin concentration and/or an increase in glucagon concentration if plasma glucose homeostasis is to be maintained. If such changes do not occur, hypoglycemia, and hence exhaustion, may occur.
Gastroscopic Brush-Cytology — a Supplement to Gastric Biopsy in Earlier Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: H. Wiendl, E. Maass, G. Becker, A. Piger, L. Stötter
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

The still not very widespread cytological examination of a gastric mucosal smear, taken under visual control, is a valuable addition to customary gastrobiopsy in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. The advantages lie in the superficial and rapidly carried out removal of cell material. Histological and cytological findings complement each other to their mutual advantage so that in 84 cases of gastric carcinoma the diagnostic accuracy of the combined examination method, gastroscopy – histology – cytology, could be increased to 98.5%. Supplemental cytology was justified especially in 7 cases of early carcinoma.
Nanoengineered Particles for Enhanced Intra‐Articular Retention and Delivery of Proteins
Authors: Ankur Singh, Rachit Agarwal, Carlos A. Diaz‐Ruiz, Nick J. Willett, Peiyi Wang, L. Andrew Lee, Qian Wang, Robert E. Guldberg, Andrés J. García
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Localized intra-articular delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins can reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis but poses a challenge because of raid clearance within few hours of injection. A new class of polymer is developed that forms self-assembled nanoparticles ranging from 300 to 900 nm and demonstrates particle size dependent prolonged retention in intra-articular joint spaces compared to bolus protein over a period of 14 d.
Successful bronchial artery embolization for refractory esophageal bleeding after failed endoscopic therapy
Authors: E. Kim, J. Lee, J. Sung, S. Kang, J. Kim, H. Moon, B. Lee, S. Kim, H. Jeong
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 51-year-old man with chronic alcoholism was admitted to the emergency unit with hematemesis (750 mL). Emergency endoscopy revealed active bleeding from a longitudinal laceration in the lower esophageal wall. The laceration was approximately 3.5 cm long and located 35 cm from the incisor teeth ([Fig. 1]). Despite the application of more than 30 hemoclips and several rubber bands, bleeding was not controlled. As he was hemodynamically unstable, a transfemoral angiogram was performed to find the bleeding artery. The celiac angiogram showed that the left gastric or other arteries did not supply the area being clipped. We found dye leakage from a small branch of the right bronchial artery ([Fig. 2 a]). We embolized the bronchial artery with two 2-cm-long helical coils (Hilal Embolization Microcoils™, Cook, Bloomington, Indiana, USA). A follow-up angiogram revealed an occluded bronchial artery with no leakage ([Fig. 2 b]). Follow-up endoscopy 3 days later showed a healed ulcer at the laceration site ([Fig. 3]). The patient was discharged without further complications.
Short-term delivery of anti-PlGF antibody delays progression of atherosclerotic plaques to vulnerable lesions
Authors: C. Roncal, I. Buysschaert, N. Gerdes, M. Georgiadou, O. Ovchinnikova, C. Fischer, J.-M. Stassen, L. Moons, D. Collen, K. De Bock, G. K. Hansson, P. Carmeliet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsPlacental growth factor (PlGF), a homologue of vascular endothelial growth factor, is a pleiotropic cytokine with a pro-inflammatory activity. Previous gene-inactivation studies revealed that the loss of PlGF delays atherosclerotic lesion development and inhibits macrophage infiltration, but the activity of an anti-PlGF antibody (αPlGF mAb) has not been evaluated yet.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SAME SITTING HYBRID CORONARY ARTERY REVASCULARIZATION VERSUS OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS IN MULTI-VESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: William Bachinsky, Murad Abdelsalam, Gouthami Boga, Lukasz Kiljanek, Mubashir Mumtaz, Christine McCarty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Photodynamic Therapy in Normal Pig Stomach: Protective Effect of Octreotide
Authors: E. Mallas, G. Karamanolis, M. Zissis, E. Karvouni, G. Kostopanagiotou, M. Macropoulou, A. Serafetinidis, S. Ladas, S. Raptis
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Many factors, such as oxygen and vasculature, are involved in the cytotoxic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is known that somatostatin and its analog octreotide decrease the splanchnic blood flow and have multiple inhibitory effects in different functions of the peptic system. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of octreotide administration on PDT outcome in normal pig stomach.28 healthy pigs, randomly assigned to two groups, A and B, were studied. Pigs in both groups were sensitized with 0.3 mg/kg intravenous meta-tetra (hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (m-THPC), and 48 hours later light of wavelength 650 nm was delivered from a 50-mW diode laser for 300 s (energy fluence 15 J/cm (2)) through a gastroscope to the gastric mucosa. Group A underwent PDT without octreotide and group B had PDT with administration of octreotide. At 72 h after light delivery, all the animals were sacrificed for macroscopic and histological evaluation of the irradiated site.The macroscopic images and the histology of the stomach PDT lesions (inflammation, ulceration, necrosis) showed significantly less severity in the group of animals with octreotide injection (group B). In this group, full-thickness necrosis was observed in 28.5 %, compared with over 71.4 % in group A; this was statistically significant ( P < 0.05).Octreotide may have a modulating effect on m-TPHC PDT in normal gastric tissue in pigs, probably due to alterations of hemodynamics in the stomach and to suppression of the inflammatory process.
Systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment-related complications superimposed on chronic disease
Authors: J. H. Klippel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

SELECTED CASE  A 40-YEAR-OLD black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been followed up in the arthritis clinic at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center throughout most of the 19 years of her illness. The initial manifestations of her illness developed in the postpartum period of a pregnancy that had been complicated by proteinuria believed to be caused by toxemia.  Proteinuria (2.8 g/24 h) accompanied by hematuria and red blood cell casts prompted a renal biopsy that revealed diffuse, proliferative glomerulonephritis (activity index, 6; chronicity index, 0). Other manifestations of her disease included polyarthralgias; erythematous rashes of the face, arms, and legs; and alopecia. Laboratory studies disclosed the following values: serum creatinine, 70 μmol/L; creatinine clearance, 1.75 mL/s; antinuclear antibody, 1:1280 (rim pattern); antibodies to DNA, 98% (Farr assay); and C3, 0.77 g/L. A daily 60-mg dose of prednisone was started, and during the next 2 years the
Organ trafficking prompts UK review of payments for donors
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two high profile cases of organ trafficking being dealt with by the General Medical Council have stimulated calls for a review of official policy on the donation of organs for financial gain. The Department of Health is considering softening the rules against payments to donors, in a bid to clear the backlog of patients awaiting transplants.

As the consultation process ended on the government's document The Future Law on Human Organs and Tissue in England and Wales: Human Bodies, Human Choices , senior doctors and surgeons added to the chorus calling for new thinking in organ donation. …
Pitfalls of Cholescintigraphy A Case Report
Authors: S STRICKLER, H M PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A Tc-99m PIPIDA scan was performed in a young auto accident victim who had a transient rise in serum bilirubin level. Initially, the stasis of activity in the right ureter was mistaken for activity in the common bile duct. Misinterpretation of biliary imaging studies can be prevented with awareness of pitfalls and readiness to obtain delayed images and additional images in different projections.
It's Almost Over— More Letters on Debbie
Authors: Verne M. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Seldom has an article sparked more pontification than the recent "It's Over Debbie."<sup>1</sup>Ordinary physicians and "authorities" have weighed in with their opinions of the piece, usually adverse<sup>2</sup>; ethicists, with their monopoly on "revealed truth," have damned the writer out of hand.<sup>3</sup>Some see in the article a ray of hope for suffering, dying patients. Nowhere, however, have I seen the suggestion that the whole thing is a hoax. Several points merit consideration. For example, the resident did not know this particular patient prior to the night in question (unless he omitted that fact in his essay). I suggest that no physician would take that extraordinary step the first time he met a patient. The essay suggests that the resident had two witnesses to his unorthodox treatment, a nurse and the middle-aged companion who may have been the patient's mother. Who in his right
Surgery and the Reduction of Mortality from Prostate Cancer
Authors: Patrick C. Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

More than ever, it is important to establish definitively whether aggressive management of localized prostate cancer reduces the rate of death due to prostate cancer, because this tumor is now the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States.1 The treatment of early prostate cancer, which has been the subject of great controversy for years, was well summarized by a question raised by Whitmore: “Is cure necessary in those in whom it may be possible, and is cure possible in those in whom it is necessary?”2 In this issue of the Journal, a landmark study conducted . . .
Searching for papal scapegoats is pointless
Authors: Amin Abboud
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genome-wide random mutagenesis screens using transposon sequencing (TnSeq) have been a cornerstone of functional genetics in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) for decades. TnSeq has been used to identify essential genes in a wide diversity of experimental conditions. We recently compiled a large number of standardized TnSeq screens <sup>1</sup>, opening up the possibility of systematically searching for pairwise correlations in gene conditional essentiality profiles - known as co-essentiality or co-fitness analysis - to reveal clusters of genes with similar function. Here we harness the Mtb TnSeq database and a recent statistical method to detect co-fitness correlations to search for significant co-essentiality signals across the <i>Mtb</i> genome. We find strong co-essential clusters containing both well-established and novel protein complexes and metabolic modules. We describe selected functional modules identified by our GLS pipeline, review the literature supporting their associations, and propose hypotheses about novel associations. We then focus on a strongly correlated cluster of seven enzymes for downstream experimental validation, characterizing it as an enzymatic arsenal that helps <i>Mtb</i> counter the toxic effects of itaconate, one of the host’’s key antibacterial compounds. Finally, using AlphaFold2 structure predictions and a protein complex quality scoring function, we design a virtual screen to detect and rank potential interacting heterodimers from protein pairs with strong TnSeq profile correlations. As co-essentiality analysis of the <i>Mtb</i> genome could help accelerate gene functional discovery in this important human pathogen, we share our repository of correlation signals with the research community.
Development and Testing of the Helex Septal Occluder, a New Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Atrial Septal Defect Occlusion System
Authors: Evan M. Zahn, Neil Wilson, Warren Cutright, Larry A. Latson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — A variety of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) occluders are currently in use around the world. Although for the most part effective, all of these devices lack features that would be desirable in a “perfect” device. The Helex septal occluder is a new type of device designed to improve the results of transcatheter ASD closure. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness and safety of this occluder in an animal model. Methods and Results — The Helex was implanted into 24 dogs with surgically created ASDs. Procedural details focusing on deployment, removal, and early closure rates were examined. Follow-up consisted of sequential transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy as well as epicardial contrast echocardiography and angiography at the time of death. Specimens were examined grossly and histologically, and devices were tested for metal fatigue. All animals had successful ASD closure. Implantation was uncomplicated (mean fluoroscopy time 11.7 minutes), and removal or repositioning was always possible. Closure rate as judged by transesophageal echocardiography was 88% initially and 100% at 2-week follow-up. Devices rapidly became infiltrated with connective tissue without inflammation and were endothelialized over time. There were no instances of thromboembolism. A single wire-frame fracture occurred secondary to a prototype delivery system malfunction. Conclusions — The Helex septal occluder proved safe and effective for ASD closure. Several advantages over currently available devices were evident in this model. Controlled prospective clinical trials are needed.
&lt;italic&gt;Mima Polymorpha&lt;/italic&gt;—Causative Agent in Acute and Chronic Meningitis
Authors: George A. Sprecace
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A NEW TRIBE of organisms, the Mimeae, was proposed by DeBord<sup>1</sup>in 1939; this tribe, composed of short, gram-negative rods or diplococci, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, and growing well on simple media, is noted especially for its ability to mimic neisseriae.<i>Mima polymorpha</i>, the only species of the genus, shows no fermentation of sugars, but some strains are oxidase positive. The clinical importance of this organism has become increasingly apparent in recent years. It has been incriminated in a variety of conditions including fulminating septicemia,<sup>2</sup>subacute bacterial endocarditis,<sup>3,4</sup>dermatitis,<sup>5</sup>urethritis and other urinary tract infections,<sup>6,7</sup>infection of brain substance secondary to head trauma,<sup>8</sup>and meningitis. Inadequate differentiation from Neisseria is possibly a basis for current reports of penicillin-resistant gonorrhea diagnosed by smears.9,10 Since the appearance in 1948 of the first reported case of meningitis caused by this organism,<sup>11</sup>6 other cases have been reported in
Diversity in representations; uniformity in learning
Authors: David Danks, David Rose
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Henrich et al.'s conclusion that psychologists ought not assume uniformity of psychological phenomena depends on their descriptive claim that there is no pattern to the great diversity in psychological phenomena. We argue that there is a pattern: uniformity of learning processes (broadly construed), and diversity of (some) mental contents (broadly construed).
Risk of thrombosis is raised for 12 weeks after giving birth, finds US study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The risk of thrombosis after giving birth is significantly raised for at least 12 weeks after delivery, although the risk is highest in the first six weeks, a US study has found.

Researchers from Columbia University and Weill Cornell Medical College in New York looked at how long the risk of thrombotic events remained raised, after isolated case reports suggested that this may be longer than the traditional postpartum period of six weeks.

The researchers said that current guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians on the prevention of thrombosis during the postpartum period—which recommend …
Serendipitous Gallbladder Uptake in a Bone Scan
Authors: Parul Bhatnagar, Kanti Lal Chakraborti, Poonam Sachdev, K Sawroop, Aseem Bhatnagar, Ravi Kashyap
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Ectopic or serendipitous uptake of radiotracer can be a source of diagnostic confusion. A case is presented in which a bone scan showed accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in the gallbladder that initially was interpreted as the right kidney. The exact cause of gallbladder excretion of derivatives of Tc-99m MDP is not known. Our experience suggests that this is a rare finding and is not the result of the quality of radiopharmaceutical injected because none of the other patients injected with the same batch of Tc-99m or MDP kit showed gallbladder or abnormal intestinal excretion.