tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An In Vivo Human-Plasmablast Enrichment Technique Allows Rapid Identification of Therapeutic Influenza A Antibodies
Authors: Gerald Nakamura, Ning Chai, Summer Park, Nancy Chiang, Zhonghua Lin, Henry Chiu, Rina Fong, Donghong Yan, Janice Kim, Juan Zhang, Wyne P. Lee, Alberto Estevez, Mary Coons, Min Xu, Patrick Lupardus, Mercedesz Balazs, Lee R. Swem
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
The Doctors' Tale: Professionalism and Public Trust
Authors: C. George
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Sir Donald Irvine was president of the General Medical Council between 1995 and 2002. The Doctors' Tale has been written “for anyone… who is interested in what may be seen as an important moment in the history of medicine in the UK.” Sir Donald aims to give the reader an insight into the medical profession, its culture, and what makes it tick. Consequently, he devotes the first few chapters to the origins of the “medical tribes,” the development of professional self regulation, and the introduction of the NHS. Donald Irvine Radcliffe Medical Press, £21.95, pp 247 ISBN 1 85775 977 X Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Born the son of a progressive, singlehanded general practitioner in Ashington, Northumberland, Sir Donald studied medicine at Durham, qualifying in 1958. After house jobs and vocational training, he joined his father in general practice before teaming up with colleagues in two other practices to form the Lintonville Medical Group—a multidisciplinary teaching practice. Later he became regional adviser in general practice, was a member of the Merrison Committee of Inquiry into the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Three-dimensional echocardiography is useful in the detailed assessment of valvular, subvalvular and annular morphology in rheumatic mitral valve disease-clinical experience in 130 cases
Authors: Ajay Kanojia, Sanjay Mittal, Ravi Kasliwal, Ashok Omar, Tsui-Lieh Hsu, Shuenn-Jinn Ho, D. Elangovan, Lissa Sugeng, Alain Delabays, Naresh Trehan, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
ECHINOCOCCUS CYST OF APPENDIX
Authors: Francis Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A Chinese soldier, aged 32, had three attacks of abdominal pain in the past ten years. The present, or fourth, attack lasted about twenty-four hours, with severe colic in the epigastrium, vomiting once, and constipation. Examination showed deep tenderness at McBurney's point, but no rigidity. The temperature was 99.4; the total white count, 13,800. Appendectomy relieved the symptoms.  The proximal half of the appendix was bound down to the ileocecal junction by peritoneum. It was 8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter, with a smooth, white surface, tightly distended, fluctuating, and possessing hydatid fremitus. When opened, a cyst cavity was revealed containing many secondary and tertiary cysts. This cavity extended from the tip to the narrowed base of the appendix, where the lumen was obliterated. A small, incompletely separated compartment at the tip suggested that the process may have started here in the wall of the appendix.
Presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Joseph Katz, Mairelys D Onate, Kaleb M Pauley, Indraneel Bhattacharyya, Seunghee Cha
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

Periodontal disease has been recently linked to a variety of systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery, and oral cancer. The most common bacteria associated with periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has not yet been studied in the malignant gingival tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis in specimens from squamous cell carcinoma patients. We have performed immunohistochemical staining to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii), a non invasive oral bacteria, in paraffin embedded samples of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (n=10) and normal gingiva (n=5). Staining for P. gingivalis revealed the presence of the bacteria in normal gingival tissues and gingival carcinoma, with higher levels (more than 33%, P<0.05) detected in the carcinoma samples. The staining intensity was also significantly enhanced in the malignant tissue by 2 folds (P<0.023) compared to specimens stained for the non‐invasive S. gordonii. P. gingivalis is abundantly present in malignant oral epithelium suggesting a potential association of the bacteria with gingival squamous cell carcinoma.
Gates Foundation and UN urge emphasis on positive benefits of vaccination
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The United Nations’ secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, has emphasised the importance of vaccination to the agency’s strategy to improve the health of hundreds of millions of women and children.

He was speaking at the launch in New York last week of the replenishment process of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation. The GAVI Alliance is a worldwide public-private partnership bringing together governments of developing and donor countries, the World Health Organization, Unicef, the World Bank, the vaccine industry, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and others. 

By providing vaccines and strengthening health systems, the alliance says that 5.4 million premature deaths have been averted …
Electronic Fetal Monitoring
Authors: Sylvain Fribourg
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report from the Council on Scientific Affairs on "Electronic Fetal Monitoring" (1981; 246:2370) may well have had temporal constraints that prevented it from citing the report by Ingemarsson et al.<sup>1</sup>This report analyzed three time periods, one with only selected high-risk patients electronically monitored, a second with all high-risk patients so monitored, and a third with 90% of patients monitored. The conclusion was, "The improved short-term and long-term fetal outcomes seem to be largely a result of routine fetal monitoring with all its implications for obstetric and neonatal management; the significant reduction in neurological sequelae, even after correction for other changes in obstetric routines, supports this suggestion." However, the report by Mueller-Heubach et al<sup>2</sup>revealed similar benefits for the fetus as in the previously mentioned report and also commented, "Only 15% of the overall increase in cesarean section rate was because of a greater
Endoscopic Incision of Zenker's Diverticula
Authors: S. Ishioka, P. Sakai, F. Maluf Filho, J. M. Melo
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

The endoscopic treatment of symptomatic pharyngoesophageal diverticula (PED) with rigid instruments involves the incision of the septum between the diverticulum and the esophageal lumen, within which the cricopharyngeal muscle is present. The aim of this study is to report on the feasibility and efficacy of our method using flexible endoscopy and an electro-surgery system with minimal trauma to the patients.Forty-two patients (13 female, 29 male) with symptomatic pharyngoesophageal diverticula underwent endoscopic treatment. The average age of the patients was 68.4 years (range 46 to 102 years) and 26 of them (61%) had concomitant cardiopulmonary diseases. The procedure consisted of endoscopic incision of the septum with a needle knife, using cutting/coagulation current. It was performed under preparation for routine endoscopic examination. All patients were clinically and endoscopically evaluated at two and four weeks, and afterwards followed clinically at 12, 24, and 60 months after the procedure.The endoscopic incision was performed in one to live sessions (mean of 1.8 session per patient). Two complications (one cervical emphysema, and one hemorrhage) were managed clinically. Dysphagia disappeared in all patients soon after the treatment, although the post-operative radiological and endoscopic controls revealed the presence of a remaining diverticulum. Manometric findings disclosed a significant reduction in upper esophageal sphincter pressures in all five patients after endoscopic incision. Mean follow-up was 38 months. There was recurrence of dysphagia in three patients (7.1%) at 12, 22, and 60 months after the procedure. They experienced relief of dysphagia after a repeated endoscopic incision.Endoscopic incision of PED using flexible equipment proved to be a highly efficient and safe method of treating symptomatic disease. It should be considered as an alternative therapy for Zenker's diverticula, especially for patients at a high surgical risk.
Claims of Sex-Gene Interactions—Reply
Authors: Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Athina Tatsioni, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Error in Medicine
Authors: Theodore Ganiats
Journal: JAMA (1995)

I can remember my first "error." It might not be the first mistake that I made as a clinician, but it is the first I remember where I saw the immediate cause and deadly effect. The truth is that even on the day it happened I realized that I might not be to blame and certainly should not carry the sole burden. On the order of my resident we dialyzed a critically ill patient and failed to re-administer an antibiotic. Within a few hours the patient was dead. We never ascertained whether the death was a result of the lack of antibiotic or whether the multisystem organ failure was too much for the frail body. Still, with that experience I realized how potentially deadly any one of our decisions might be. There was an error, that is certain. Whether the error caused harm is unknown. It is clear, however, that
Interferon response factor 3 is essential for house dust mite–induced airway allergy
Authors: Thomas Marichal, Denis Bedoret, Claire Mesnil, Muriel Pichavant, Stanislas Goriely, François Trottein, Didier Cataldo, Michel Goldman, Pierre Lekeux, Fabrice Bureau, Christophe J. Desmet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Report of the Committee of the British Medical Association to Investigate the Antagonism of Medicines
Authors: J. H. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1875)

TItE general results obtained from the investigations detailed in the preceding report are the following.I. As to the Antagonism between Strychnia and Chloral Hydrate.In this investigation, one hundred and fourteen experiments were performed.I. After a fatal dose of strychnia, life may be saved by bringing the animal under the influence of chloral hydrate.2. Chloral hydrate is more likely to save life after a fatal dose of strychnia, than strychnia is to save life after a fatal dose of chloral hydrate.3. After a dose of strychnia has produced severe tetanic convulsions, these convulsions may be much reduced both in force and in frequency by the use of chloral hydrate, and consequently much suffering saved.4. The extent of physiological antagonism between the two sub- stances is so far limited, that (i) a very large fatal dose of strychnia may kill before the chloral hydrate has had time to act; or (2) the dose of chloral hydrate must be so large in such a case to antagonise the fatal dose of strychnia, that there is danger of death from the effects of the chloral hydrate.5. Chloral hydrate mitigates the effects of a fatal dose of strychnia * The instrument is made by
Echocardiographic predictors of functional class changes during cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from the MIRACLE trial
Authors: Martin St.John Sutton, Ted Plappert, William T. Abraham, Andrew L. Smith, David B. Delurgio, Evan Loh, Dusan Z. Kocovic, Alfred L. Clavell, David L. Hayes, Kathryn E. Hilpisch, Ed Chinchoy, Michael R. Hill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Dopaminergic defect of enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease patients with chronic constipation
Authors: C Singaram, E.A Gaumnitz, C Torbey, W Ashraf, E.M.M Quigley, A Sengupta, R Pfeiffer
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

SummaryClinical studies suggest that gut disorders are common in Parkinson's disease, but the morphological basis is unknown. Depletion of dopamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system is a basic defect in Parkinson's disease. We compared colonic tissue from 11 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, 17 with adenocarcinoma (normal tissue was studied), and five who underwent colectomy for severe constipation.Immunohistochemistry was used to stain myenteric and submucosal neurons for dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Each class of neurons was quantified as a percentage of the total neuronal population stained for the marker protein gene product 9·5. Nine of the 11 Parkinson's disease patients had substantially fewer dopaminergic myenteric neurons than the other subjects (mean 0·4 [SE 0·2] vs 6·9 [2·3] in controls and 5·7 [2·0] in constipated subjects). There was very little difference between the groups in numbers of tyrosine-hydroxylase and VIP neurons. Two Parkinson's disease patients had similar distributions of all types of neurons, including dopaminergic myenteric neurons, to the controls. High-performance liquid chromatography showed lower levels of dopamine in the muscularis externa (but not mucosa) in four Parkinson's disease patients than in four controls (7·3 [5·1] vs 24·2 [4·6] nmol per g protein), but levels of dopamine metabolites were similar in the two groups.The identification of this defect of dopaminergic neurons in the enteric nervous system in Parkinson's disease may lead to better treatment of colorectal dysfunction in this disease.
Histoid leprosy: a retrospective study of 40 cases from India
Authors: I. Kaur, S. Dogra, D. De, U.N. Saikia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Rare variants of leprosy pose a diagnostic challenge even to astute clinicians and histoid leprosy is one such form of disease with unique clinical and histopathological features. There are very few large series on this entity, mainly reported from India. Objectives To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with histoid leprosy. Methods We undertook this retrospective study including patients registered with the leprosy clinic of our tertiary care referral centre from January 1991 to December 2006. Data regarding demographic details, clinical features, treatment, complications and course following treatment were extracted from the records of the leprosy clinic. Results The incidence of histoid leprosy among the registered patients of our clinic was 1·8% (40 of 2150). There was a significant male preponderance with a male/female ratio of 5·7 : 1. The anatomical areas of involvement were thighs/buttocks (67·5%), arms (62·5%), back (52·5%), face (47·5%), forearms (47·5%) and legs (35%) in descending order of frequency. This variety of leprosy was found most commonly in patients with a primary diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy (40%). De novo histoid lesions, i.e. lesions of histoid leprosy developing without evidence of lesions of other types of leprosy in the Ridley–Jopling classification, appeared in 12·5% of patients only. Only three patients had received antileprosy treatment before presentation. Episodes of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) had occurred in 40% of patients, although only one patient manifested ENL after the diagnosis of histoid leprosy. The disease responded satisfactorily to the respective World Health Organization multidrug therapy regimens in all except in one patient who relapsed with borderline lepromatous leprosy. Conclusions As the bacillary load is very high in these patients, they can form a potential reservoir of the infection in the community especially in the postleprosy elimination era. Contrary to the earlier belief in the dapsone era, most of our patients manifested disease without any history of inadequate or incomplete antileprosy therapy.
Anicteric Hepatitis Presenting as Polyarthritis
Authors: David P. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In two patients polyarthritis was the presenting symptom of anicteric viral hepatitis. Hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA, Australia antigen) was found in the sera of both patients during the acute illness. Hepatitisassociated antigen was not found in the sera of 82 patients with other connective tissue disorders. When acute polyarthritis is unexplained, evaluation of liver function and testing for HAA may be rewarding even when the patient is not jaundiced.
When things go wrong
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The claim that “4% of human activity is error” may be one of those statistics made up on the spur of the moment, but it seems about right to me. Systems can be engineered to minimise the consequences of these errors—think aviation—but not to do away with them completely. The question for us is how best to handle the inevitable cock-ups that occur in the delivery of health care.

It goes almost without saying that the first step should be a comprehensive explanation of what went wrong, followed by an apology if warranted. And yet patients or their aggrieved relatives often complain to us that healthcare providers stick with misinformation …
Exposure to Polybrominated Biphenyls
Authors: Gregory G. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Twenty-one persons exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) were compared with hospital volunteers on a battery of tests measuring memory, motor strength and coordination, cortical-sensory perception, personality, and higher cognitive functioning. Patients exposed to PBB were selected for this study only if they had persistent medical complaints. The PBB adipose levels did not correlate with performance on any test in the battery. The two groups did differ on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, suggesting an adjustment reaction with depressive symptoms and somatizing defenses. Persons exposed to PBB were also impaired relative to control subjects on tests of prose recall, short-term memory, concentration, and cognitive flexibility. However these differences vanished when group differences on education and personality were statistically held constant. The selective admission criteria for this study limit the generalizability of these findings.
The familial nature of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: C M Deighton, D J Walker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Considerable emphasis is currently being placed on the immunogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).The observation that inherited factors are important in RA is by no means new, however.As far back as 1806 William Heberden in discussing 'chronical rheumatism' asked, 'Is this not in some degree hereditary?'.'The first published attempt to answer this question was by Kroner in 1928,' who reported RA in four generations of women in one family.Like Kroner, all rheumatologists can quote families with a marked occurrence of RA.Yet a 1984 study concluded that 'familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis is weak'.2How can these apparently contradictory observations be explained?How large is the genetic contribution to RA? What are the inherited susceptibility factors in RA?Why does RA seem to congre- gate in some families and not in others?
Evidence for association of an interleukin 23 receptor variant independent of the R381Q variant with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: J E Hollis-Moffatt, M E Merriman, R A Rodger, K A Rowley, P T Chapman, N Dalbeth, P J Gow, A A Harrison, J Highton, P B B Jones, J L O'Donnell, L K Stamp, T R Merriman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The rare allele of a non-synonymous interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) <i>rs11209026</i> (p.Arg381Gln) confers strong protection against Crohn disease (CD) and psoriasis. Other <i>IL23R</i> variants also exhibit association with CD, genetically independent of <i>rs11209026</i>. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IL23 is an important determinant of the production of IL17A, a cytokine of consequence in inflammation and bone destruction. While there is no previous support for strong association of <i>IL23R</i> with RA, the possibility of a weaker role for <i>IL23R</i> variants in the aetiology of RA cannot be eliminated. <h3>Methods:</h3> A New Zealand RA cohort was tested for association with six IL23R SNPs and the resulting data combined with a reanalysis of the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium data and a previously published Spanish data set. The combined data set totals over 3000 Caucasian cases and 3800 controls, which has sufficient power to detect a risk of as low as odds ratio (OR) = 1.2. <h3>Results:</h3> Our data emphasise the lack of association of <i>rs11209026</i> with RA (OR 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 1.16, p = 0.86). However there was some evidence for association of <i>rs1343151</i> with RA (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.22, p = &lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> While requiring further replication, these data further support a role for the IL17A/IL23 pathway in RA. Understanding how different variants of <i>IL23R</i> associate, at varying levels of strength, with contrasting groups of immune-mediated diseases (CD, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, RA) will enhance knowledge on the aetiology of these diseases.