tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repetitive Ischemia by Coronary Stenosis Induces a Novel Window of Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: You-Tang Shen, Christophe Depre, Lin Yan, Ji Yeon Park, Bin Tian, Komal Jain, Li Chen, Yan Zhang, Raymond K. Kudej, Xin Zhao, Junichi Sadoshima, Dorothy E. Vatner, Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The hypothesis of the present study was that molecular mechanisms differ markedly when mediating ischemic preconditioning induced by repetitive episodes of ischemia versus classic first- or second-window preconditioning.To test this, chronically instrumented conscious pigs were subjected to either repetitive coronary stenosis (RCS) or a traditional protocol of second-window ischemic preconditioning (SWIPC). Lethal ischemia, induced by 60 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion, resulted in an infarct size/area at risk of 6+/-3% after RCS and 16+/-3% after SWIPC (both groups P<0.05, less than shams 42+/-4%). Two molecular signatures of SWIPC, the increased expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase and the translocation of protein kinase Cepsilon to the plasma membrane, were observed with SWIPC but not with RCS. Confirming this, pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor prevented the protection conferred by SWIPC but not by RCS. Microarray analysis revealed a qualitatively different genomic profile of cardioprotection between ischemic preconditioning induced by RCS and that induced by SWIPC. The number of genes significantly regulated was greater in RCS (5739) than in SWIPC (2394) animals. Of the 5739 genes regulated in RCS, only 31% were also regulated in SWIPC. Broad categories of genes induced by RCS but not SWIPC included those involved in autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The upregulation of these pathways was confirmed by Western blotting.RCS induces cardioprotection against lethal myocardial ischemia that is at least as powerful as traditional ischemic preconditioning but is mediated through radically different mechanisms.
Abstract 3294: The impact of occult nodal metastasis on the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Junya Morimoto, Hiroaki Tanaka, Naoshi Kubo, Masaichi Ohira, Kazuya Muguruma, Eiji Noda, Ryosuke Amano, Toru Inoue, Masakazu Yashiro, Nobuya Yamada, Kiyoshi Maeda, Tetuji Sawada, Teturou Ishikawa, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Esophageal cancer (ESC) is an aggressive disease with a poor overall prognosis. Survival rate of patients with cStage II/III ESC who underwerrt surgical resection have been improved, whereas half of these patients frequently caused recurrences. It has been thought that the lymph node metastasis was deeply related to the relapse of ESC. However, clinical signification of micrometastases in lymph nodes remain unclear because of complexity in the procedure to detect micrometastasis. Here we report that the impact of micrometastasis in lymph nodes on the recurrence of ESC. The aim of this study was to confirm the relation between noccult nodal metastasis and recurrence of in resected cStage II/III ESC. A total of 98 patients with ESC resected at Osaka City University hospital between January 2000 and January 2007 were targeted. Micrometastasis was investigated with one-level cytokeratin immunohistochemistry(IHC)and routine histological assessment by hematoxylin-eosin sections. Judgment of micrometastasis was done with discovery of cluster cells. Uni-and multivariate analyses of the independent recurrect facters were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A total of 6,172 lymph nodes(average 63) were examined from 98 patient, also 140 lymph nodes of micrometastasis(average 1.4) were detected. The micrometastasis was not possible to detect with routine histological assessment by hematoxylin-eosin sections. A clear difference of detected micrometastasis between relapse patients(45 patients,83%) and no relapse patient(15patients,34%) was admitted. In univariate analyses, curability(p=0.000),v facter(p=0.046),pN facter(p=0.026),pM facter(p=0.016),pStage(p=0.002),total metastatic lymph node count(p=0.000),total metastatic lymph node count added micrometastasis(p=0.000) were recurrence facters. In multivariate analyses, total metastatic lymph node count added micrometastasis were independent recurrence facters(Hazard ration 13.059,p=0.000) finally. Therefore, the number of total metastatic lymph nodes with micrometastasis have pivotal impact on the recurrence of ESC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3294.
Sylvia Helga Houghton
Authors: R. B. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sylvia Helga Houghton was born to a Midlands medical family. Three grandparents, both parents, two uncles and two brothers all qualified in medicine, so it was almost inevitable that Helga would read medicine. She was educated at Edgbaston High School and Sherborne School for Girls. After house jobs in Birmingham and a year as senior house officer at the Midland Nerve Hospital with Myre Sim, Helga and her husband, R B (“Bob”) Jones, a theoretical physicist, moved to London, where she researched the physiological effect of antidepressants with Ted Marley’s group at the Maudsley for two years.

With a young family, Helga trained …
The Clinical Significance of Some Peculiarities of the Circulation in the Kidneys, Liver, Lungs and Heart
Authors: William Dock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

REFLECTION on the functional significance of the valves in the veins and in the heart led Colombo and Cesalpino to postulate a circulatory system in place of the long-accepted tidal flow of blood from the liver and heart. These anatomic peculiarities of the vascular system were also emphasized by Harvey, who first gave a quantitative description of the motion of the blood, based on the structure of the human heart and on experiments on living animals. In the past three decades more progress has been made in the quantitative study of the circulation of the viscera of man and animals . . .
Antibacterial Activity of Serum of Normal Men after Oral Doses of Erythromycin Propionate and Triacetyloleandomycin
Authors: Hans A. Hirsch, Calvin M. Kunin, Maxwell Finland, Clare Wilcox, Ann Najarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

PREVIOUS studies in this laboratory have shown that, in vitro, erythromycin is four or more times as active as oleandomycin, weight for weight, against most strains of the pathogenic bacteria that were tested and found susceptible to both these antibiotics; also, after a dose of erythromycin, the antibacterial action of the serum against test strains of streptococcus and staphylococcus was several times greater than that after a comparable dose of oleandomycin, and this was true both when these antibiotics were given alone and when they were given in combination with tetracycline.1 Subsequently, triacetyloleandomycin became available2 and, although quite insoluble in . . .
Comorbidity of Severe Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Use Disorders Among Women in Jail
Authors: Karen M. Abram, Linda A. Teplin, Gary M. McClelland
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the prevalence, patterns, and sequences of severe psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders among female jail detainees. METHOD: Subjects were a randomly selected, stratified sample of 1,272 female arrestees awaiting trial at the Cook County Department of Corrections in Chicago. Independent clinical research interviewers administered the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule Version III-R to assess comorbid psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Eight percent of the women had both a current severe mental disorder and a current substance use disorder. Nearly three-quarters of those with severe mental disorders also met criteria for one or more substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Because most detainees return to their communities in a few days, these findings have implications for treatment of high-risk women throughout the mental health system.
Daytime gastro-oesophageal reflux is important in oesophagitis.
Authors: J S de Caestecker, J N Blackwell, A Pryde, R C Heading
Journal: Gut (1987)

Fifty two patients were studied to investigate the patterns of gastro-oesophageal reflux during ambulatory pH monitoring and the relationship of reflux to presence and severity of oesophagitis. Twenty nine had evidence of oesophagitis which was graded according to severity. Acid exposure (pH less than 4) was calculated in each case for the total study period, the recumbent and upright periods, and the three hour period after the evening meal. Exposure in the upright period correlated closet (r=0.92: p less than 0.001) with that during the total period. Recumbent exposure correlated with both upright and postprandial exposure (p less than 0.001). Acid exposure during all four periods correlated significantly with the severity of oesophagitis, but postprandial acid exposure correlated best and recumbent acid exposure least well. Although acid clearance in the total, recumbent and upright periods correlated with oesophagitis, postprandial clearance showed the closest relationship. Thus the magnitude of daytime reflux, especially postprandial reflux and acid clearance, is more closely related than nocturnal reflux to oesophagitis. The results do not support the contention that night time reflux is inherently more injurious than daytime reflux to the oesophageal mucosa.
An Unrecognized, Preventable Cause of Syncope, Malignant Arrhythmia, and Cardiac Death
Authors: Janelle Y. Gooden, Dawn Scantlebury, Samuel Asirvatham
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Are national qualifying examinations a fair way to rank medical students? Yes
Authors: C. Ricketts, J. Archer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Chris Ricketts</b> and <b>Julian Archer</b> argue that a national test is the only fair way to compare medical students, but <b>Ian Noble</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1279) believes that it will reduce the quality of education
Applying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic
Authors: Thomas R. Frieden, Moupali Das-Douglas, Scott E. Kellerman, Kelly J. Henning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Most HIV infections are spread by persons who do not know that they are infected. This article argues that it is time to adopt the proven strategies that have contained other epidemics: widespread voluntary screening, improved notification of the partners of infected persons, and case management with close monitoring. In the United States, this approach might have the potential to prevent at least half of all cases of HIV infection each year.
Infection of monocytes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 blocked by inhibitors of CD4-gp120 binding, even in the presence of enhancing antibodies.
Authors: C F Perno, M W Baseler, S Broder, R Yarchoan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Infection of monocyte/macrophages (M/M) by a variety of viruses (including HIV-1) has been shown to be enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of antiviral antibodies. This process has been hypothesized as occurring through binding of the virus-antibody complex to Fc or complement receptors followed by endocytosis. In the current study, we explored whether such a mechanism might provide a CD4-independent route of infection by HIV-1 for any of several populations of M/M. In the absence of anti-HIV antibodies, replication of HIV-1 in M/M was blocked by viral binding inhibitors such as soluble CD4 or OKT4A mAb. Furthermore, while infection of the M/M populations by a low multiplicity of infection of HIV-1 was found to be somewhat enhanced by the presence of very low concentrations of anti-HIV antibodies, this process was also consistently inhibited by recombinant soluble CD4 and by OKT4A antibody. These results suggest that under the variety of conditions studied, CD4 binding was an essential step in the infection of M/M by HIV. Moreover, they are consistent with the notion that "enhancing" antibodies may serve to concentrate HIV onto CD4 receptors or, alternately, may act at other steps in the process of viral entry and replication.
Allergenicity of major cow's milk and peanut proteins determined by IgE and IgG immunoblotting
Authors: I. Szabó, P.A. Eigenmann
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background : Specific IgG antibodies are frequently observed in food‐allergic patients. However, the allergen‐fraction specificity of IgG antibodies in relation to IgE antibodies is not well defined. Our aim was to determine the IgE and IgG antibody profile to major cow's milk and peanut antigen fractions in food‐allergic patients and tolerant individuals. Methods : Sera were collected from 10 patients allergic to cow's milk and 10 patients allergic to peanuts, as well as from 20 control subjects. Cow's milk and peanut proteins were migrated on SDS–PAGE and immunoblotted for IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibodies. Food‐specific IgE concentrations were measured by CAP System FEIA™, and IgG and IgG4 concentrations by ELISA. Results :In food‐allergic children, similar fraction‐specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibody‐binding profiles to the major cow's milk or peanut antigens were found. In nonallergics, the presence of fraction‐specific IgG antibodies was mostly dependent on regular ingestion of the food. The presence of specific antibody on immunoblots correlated with their quantitative measurement. The mean value for specific IgE in cow's milk‐allergic patients was 450±1326 IU/ml, and 337±423 IU/ml in peanut allergic patients. Specific IgG antibody values in milk‐allergic patients were not different (median OD 1.5, range 0.3–2.3) from controls (median OD 1, range 0.2–1.8). However, in peanut‐allergic patients, IgG concentrations were significantly higher than in controls (OD 1.2 [0.5–1.3] vs 0.5 [0.3–0.7]; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions : Similar fraction‐specific IgE and IgG antibody profiles in allergic individuals suggest a common switching trigger involving both isotypes. Intrinsic allergenicity might explain identical IgG antibody fraction specificity in nonallergics and in allergics. The presence of IgG antibodies in nonallergics was related to regular ingestion of the food.
Lawsuits for Malpractice
Authors: Cyril H. Wecht
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor. —  I hope that physicians will appreciate the philosophy of Mr Vaccarino's clear and incisive comments on malpractice and pay heed to them. Similar thoughts and findings have been expressed on numerous occasions in the past several years by knowledgeable medical-legal experts, researchers, and governmental agencies concerning the burgeoning problem of professional negligence lawsuits against physicians. For the most part, however, the results of their deliberations and specific recommendations have been either ignored or attacked with purely subjective, emotional vituperation by physicians who refuse to acknowledge the many well-substantiated concepts contained in Mr Vaccarino's commentary.  If medical schools, hospitals, defense attorneys, and insurance carriers would all spend more time in educating physicians about the cause of medical malpractice actions and would advise them that more sensitivity and understanding of their patients' needs as human beings not only would contribute to better medical care but also would provide
Crystals in Dried Smears of Synovial Fluid
Authors: Armin E. Good
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE TWO crystal deposition diseases are gout, the prototype disease, and pseudogout (articular chondrocalcinosis) a new entity delineated by Mc-Carty and associates. 1 The offending crystals are sodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate, respectively. When either gout or pseudogout presents as acute arthritis involving a joint accessible to aspiration, the physician has an unusual opportunity to establish the diagnosis quickly. Examined by means of polarized light microscopy, a drop of synovial fluid beneath a cover slip rimmed with material to retard evaporation should demonstrate birefringent, intracellular and extracellular crystals. 2   Fluid obtained intercritically or from a chronic effusion may not reveal urate or calcium pyrophosphate crystals and, if present, these are likely to be extracellular and few in number. 1,3 Confusing structures such as cartilaginous fragments, cholesterol crystals, and small numbers of other birefringent crystals of yet unknown significance are seen occasionally extracellularly. 2 However these present no problem in the
You can call me Des
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We all took turns introducing ourselves on the bus we were to be sharing on a two week trip around New Zealand. Scots, English, Irish, Canadians, Americans, and a smattering of confused looking Germans. An American with the usual unabashed confidence stood up. “Now, I know all you Brits will laugh, but my name is Randy.” A brief pause—then those British eyes met. A giggle escaped, then weeping, choking, gasping, excoriating, contorted spasms of spontaneous …
Computed Tomographic Premedication in Children
Authors: Warren Lo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Mitchell et al (1982;247:2385) illustrates the need for careful observation of children who require sedation for outpatient diagnostic or minor surgical procedures. Far too often, to which we may attest from personal observation, heavily sedated children are returned home without adequate instructions or precautions. In view of the morbidity and mortality reported by Mitchell and associates, physicians who order sedation of children should review their policies of observation for both hospital and outpatients. The data presented by Mitchell and co-workers indicate a substantial morbidity from sedation and may influence some physicians to avoid sedating agents. In contrast, we wish to present our experience with sedation of children for computed tomographic (CT) head scanning. Since 1978, intramuscular pentobarbital (4 to 6 mg/kg, repeated if necessary at 2 to 3 mg/kg; total, 250 mg) has been used almost exclusively for sedation at the University of California
George Godber at 100
Authors: D. Brindle
Journal: BMJ (2008)

As deputy chief medical officer from 1950 to 1960, and then chief medical officer until 1973, Sir George exercised an influence over health policy that has remained unmatched, writes David Brindle 

Of the many reasons to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the NHS this summer, not the least is that Sir George Godber—the last surviving member of the 1940s planning group at the Ministry of Health—is still with us to mark the occasion. Indeed, this week he has an exceptional cause for celebration of his own, in the form of his 100th birthday on 4 August.

Sir George, who became one of the greatest of all chief medical officers, was not strong enough to travel to London to attend the 60th anniversary service at Westminster Abbey. But he has had a keen interest in debate and discussion about the past six decades of free health care. According to his son, Dr Colin Godber, he particularly enjoyed reading the paper by Dr Donald Berwick, a self confessed NHS romantic from the United States, published in the BMJ last month.1

“He was in absolute agreement and Don …
Postglomerular vascular protein concentration: evidence for a causal role in governing fluid reabsorption and glomerulotubular balance by the renal proximal tubule
Authors: Barry M. Brenner, Julia L. Troy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

We tested the relationship between postglomerular microvascular protein concentration and rates of sodium and water transfer by rat proximal tubules. Using recently described microperfusion techniques, efferent arterioles and branch peritubular capillaries of normal hydropenic rats were perfused with colloid-free Ringer's solution, and isoncotic (9.0-10.0 g/100 ml) and hyperoncotic (15 g/100 ml) albumin-Ringer's solutions. Reabsorption in adjacent proximal tubules was studied using free-flow techniques, with initial collections obtained during normal blood perfusion, recollections during experimental microperfusion, and in some tubules, repeat recollections after microperfusion and spontaneous resumption of blood perfusion. Colloid-free perfusion resulted in a uniform inhibition of proximal reabsorption (absolute and fractional). Despite identical techniques, substitution of isoncotic and hyperoncotic perfusates resulted, on average, in unchanged and increased rates of reabsorption, respectively. These findings of direct linear changes in reabsorption in response to changes in postglomerular protein concentrations usually occurred in the absence of significant changes in filtered load, and were nearly always found to be reversible within minutes of cessation of experimental perfusion. Given this evidence of a causal relationship between postglomerular oncotic pressure and proximal reabsorption, we undertook to determine whether this relationship is responsible for the parallel adjustments in proximal reabsorption that follow changes in GFR (glomerulotubular balance). Using a separate group of hydropenic rats, proximal reabsorption was studied, initially during partial aortic constriction (during which renal perfusion pressure, single nephron GFR, absolute proximal reabsorption, and calculated filtration fraction all were reduced below levels prior to constriction), and again while adjacent efferent arteriolar and peritubular capillary protein concentrations, but not GFR, were restored to normal (preconstriction) levels by microperfusion with 9-10 g/100 ml albumin-Ringer's solution. During this dissociation of GFR and postglomerular protein concentration, absolute and fractional proximal reabsorption nearly always increased in parallel with the changes in the latter, thereby demonstrating that glomerulotubular balance is mediated, at least in part, by changes in postglomerular oncotic pressure brought about by changes in filtration fraction.