tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal heterogeneity of myocardial blood flow in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: H L Falsetti, R J Carroll, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Temporal variation in perfusion to small segments of the myocardium was studied in 19 opened-chest dogs. In six control dogs, three or four differently labeled 7-10 mu microspheres were injected simultaneously into the left atrium to assess the variability in measured myocardial perfusion due to the microsphere technique. In 13 other dogs, microspheres were injected four times at 5 minute intervals while various hemodynamics parameters (mean aortic pressure, peak systolic pressure, heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and Vmax) were stable (less than 10% variation in any one parameter). The left ventricles were divided into 96 segments, the mean weight+/- SD of each segment was 0.95+/-0.17 grams. The flow to each segment was expressed as a percent of the mean flow of the three or four measured flows to that segment, and the difference between the largest and the smallest percent of each segment was taken as a measure of the variability of flow to that segment. The average variability of segmental flow (mean +/-SD) when the three to four differently labeled microspheres were injected was 14.0+/-4.7; and the variability when differently labeled microspheres injected sequentially was 31.0+/-10.8% (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, in the sequentially injected animals the magnitude of temporal variation was similar in various subdivisions of the ventricle (layers, walls, apex to base). The mean and standard deviation of the variability of flow to the endo, mid, and epicardial layers were 28.7+/-10.2, 30.0+/-11.3 and 34.5+/-12.4%, respectively. These changes may reflect either spontaneous or local autoregulatory changes in precapillary sphincters or arterioles.
Observations on the Hemodynamic Properties of a Thiophanium Derivative, Ro 2-2222 (Arfonad), in Human Subjects
Authors: N. S. ASSALI, ROY A. DOUGLASS, ROY SUYEMOTO
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Observations on the hemodynamic properties of a thiophanium derivative (Arfonad) have been made on normotensive nonpregnant and pregnant subjects and on patients with hypertensive complications of pregnancy. The drug was given by single intravenous injections and by intravenous drip infusion. The hypotensive effects of single injections where compared with those of a standard tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) test. The authors observed that the hemodynamic effects of Arfonad were similar in some respects to those of tetraethylammonium chloride or spinal anesthesia. A fall in the cardiac output occurred when the blood pressure fell following Arfonad administration. The authors discuss these hemodynamic effects in terms of differences in response to ganglionic blocking agents of the various groups of subjects studied.
NOTE ON A SPECIMEN OF TINEA MICROSPORON OF THE CAT
Authors: LESLIE ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1902)

Journal Article NOTE ON A SPECIMEN OF TINEA MICROSPORON OF THE CAT Get access LESLIE ROBERTS, M.D. LESLIE ROBERTS, M.D. Hon. Dermatologist to the Liverpool Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 14, Issue 9, 1 September 1902, Pages 327–332, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1902.tb16461.x Published: 01 September 1902
Corticosteroid treatment increases parasite numbers in murine giardiasis.
Authors: K V Nair, J Gillon, A Ferguson
Journal: Gut (1981)

Corticosteroid therapy is known to be hazardous in patients with occult infection but the mechanism by which the host parasite relationship is altered by steroids is not known.We have used an intestinal protozoal parasite, Giardia muris, to examine the effects of corticosteroids on the number of parasites in the intestine in the course of a primary infection. A single injection of cortisone acetate, subcutaneously, one day before oral inoculation of CBA mice with 1000 cysts of Giardia muris, resulted in significantly higher trophozoite counts in animals studied at one, two, three, four, and eight weeks post-infection, when they were compared with saline injected controls. Recrudescence of occult infection was also achieved by cortisone acetate treatment of mice which had been infected with Giardia muris eight months previously. Clinical studies are required to establish if recrudescence of occult protozoal infection is an important cause of morbidity when immunosuppressive therapy is given to patients in areas where giardiasis is endemic.
SPIROCHÆTA ICTEROHÆMORRHAGIÆ IN AMERICAN WILD RATS AND ITS RELATION TO THE JAPANESE AND EUROPEAN STRAINS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

The principal points brought out in the present article are the following. 1. Wild rats captured in this country carry in their kidneys a spirochete which possesses the morphological and pathogenic properties characteristic of Spirochata icterohamorrhagia discovered by Inada in the Japanese form of infectious jaundice. 2. Cultures of the American, Belgian, and Japanese strains of the spirochete were obtained by a special technique described, the first two strains having been cultivated artificially for the first time. 3. Animals actively immunized against the Japanese strain resist inoculation, not only of the same strain, but also of the Belgian and American strains. The Belgian strain produces immunity equally effective against all three strains. Experiments to. ascertain whether the immunity afforded by the American strain also protects against the Japanese and Belgian strains are in progress. 4. These findings warrant the conclusion that the spirochetes designated here as the Japanese, Belgian, and American strains are probably identical. 5. On account of its distinctive features, a new genus, Leptospira, has been suggested as the designation of this organism.
Book Review Consultative Hemostasis and Thrombosis Edited by Craig S. Kitchens, Barbara M. Alving, and Craig M. Kessler. 671 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 2002. $159. 0-7216-8264-2
Authors: Cynthia J. Rutherford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS BIOMARKER ASSESSMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE SAVOR-TIMI 53 TRIAL
Authors: Benjamin Scirica, Deepak Bhatt, Eugene Braunwald, Itamar Raz, Philippe Steg, Jaime Davidson, Matthew Cavender, Boaz Hirshberg, Amarachi Umez-Eronini, Kelly Im, Petr Jarolim, David Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
EVALUATION OF BRAIN TUMORS WITH TL-201 SPECT STUDIES: UPDATED CORRELATION WITH FDG PET AND HISTOLOGICAL RESULTS
Authors: A J Maass, C K Hoh, S Khanna, G C Harris, K L Black, D P Becker, J Maddahi, J C Mazziota, D M Marciano, R A Hawkins
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Maass, A. J.; Hoh, C. K.; Khanna, S.; Harris, G. C.; Black, K. L.; Becker, D. P.; Maddahi, J.; Mazziota, J. C.; Marciano, D. M.; Hawkins, R. A. Author Information
Role Of Inhibitory Antibodies For The Prevention Of IgE-allergen Complex Formation/CD-23 Antigen Uptake: Impact Of Antibody Affinity And Clonality Using Defined Ratios Of Recombinant IgE, IgG And Der p 2
Authors: J. Holm, L.H. Christensen, J. Skovsgaard, P.A. Wurtzen, K. Lund
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Antiviral drugs: distinguish treatment from prophylaxis
Authors: B. J Cowling, S. Ng, I. M Longini
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is an important transcription regulator that mediates a role in central tolerance via promoting the “promiscuous” expression of tissue-specific Ags in the thymus. Although several mouse models of Aire deficiency have been described, none has analyzed the phenotype induced by a mutation that emulates the common 13-bp deletion in human APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy) by disrupting the first plant homeodomain in exon 8. Aire-deficient mice with a corresponding mutation showed some disturbance of the medullary epithelial compartment, but at the phenotypic level their T cell compartment appeared relatively normal in the thymus and periphery. An increase in the number of activated T cells was evident, and autoantibodies against several organs were detected. At the histological level, lymphocytic infiltration of several organs indicated the development of autoimmunity, although symptoms were mild and the quality of life for Aire-deficient mice appeared equivalent to wild-type littermates, with the exception of male infertility. Vβ and CDR3 length analysis suggested that each Aire-deficient mouse developed its own polyclonal autoimmune repertoire. Finally, given the prevalence of candidiasis in APECED patients, we examined the control of infection with <i>Candida albicans</i> in Aire-deficient mice. No increase in disease susceptibility was found for either oral or systemic infection. These observations support the view that additional genetic and/or environmental factors contribute substantially to the overt nature of autoimmunity associated with Aire mutations, even for mutations identical to those found in humans with APECED.
ASCARIS TEXANA.A NOTE ON A HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED ASCARIS PARASITIC IN THE HUMAN INTESTINE.
Authors: ALLEN J. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The following note is based on two female specimens of an ascaris, submitted to Dr. Smith by Dr. Goeth, who had obtained them from Dr. Ferdinand Herff of San Antonio, Texas. Together with a number of other examples supposed to be of the same kind, they were passed in the intestinal discharge from an adult white man in care of the latter physician, the patient stating that for several years he had passed similar parasites from his bowel (some of which were slightly larger than the two samples given his physician, but apparently of the same type), and complaining of his inability to rid himself of the pests, which, however, gave him no particular physical inconvenience. Efforts to obtain other specimens since last year when these were passed have thus far been without success, and the absence of a male example renders the establishment of
Lovastatin and phenylacetate inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages.
Authors: K Pahan, F G Sheikh, A M Namboodiri, I Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

This study explores the role of mevalonate inhibitors in the activation of NF-kbeta and the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. Lovastatin and sodium phenylacetate (NaPA) were found to inhibit LPS- and cytokine-mediated production of NO and expression of iNOS in rat primary astrocytes; this inhibition was not due to depletion of end products of mevalonate pathway (e.g., cholesterol and ubiquinone). Reversal of the inhibitory effect of lovastatin on LPS-induced iNOS expression by mevalonate and farnesyl pyrophosphate and reversal of the inhibitory effect of NaPA on LPS-induced iNOS expression by farnesyl pyrophosphate, however, suggests a role of farnesylation in the LPS-mediated induction of iNOS. The inhibition of LPS-mediated induction of iNOS by FPT inhibitor II, an inhibitor of Ras farnesyl protein transferase, suggests that farnesylation of p21(ras) or other proteins regulates the induction of iNOS. Inhibition of LPS-mediated activation of NF-kbeta by lovastatin, NaPA, and FPT inhibitor II in astrocytes indicates that the observed inhibition of iNOS expression is mediated via inhibition of NF-kbeta activation. In addition to iNOS, lovastatin and NaPA also inhibited LPS-induced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in rat primary astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages. This study delineates a novel role of the mevalonate pathway in controlling the expression of iNOS and different cytokines in rat astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages that may be important in developing therapeutics against cytokine- and NO-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
Boxers—Computed Tomography, EEG, and Neurological Evaluation
Authors: Ronald J. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1983)

During the last three years, 40 ex-boxers were examined to determine the effects of boxing in regard to their neurological status and the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the brain. Thirty-eight of these patients had a CT scan of the brain, and 24 had a complete neurological examination including an EEG. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between the number of bouts fought and CT changes indicating cerebral atrophy. Positive neurological findings were not significantly correlated with the number of bouts. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were significantly correlated with the number of bouts fought. Computed tomography and EEG of the brain should be considered as part of a regular neurological examination for active boxers and, if possible, before and after each match, to detect not only the effects of acute life-threatening brain trauma such as subdural hematomas and brain hemorrhages, but the more subtle and debilitating long-term changes of cerebral atrophy. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:211-213)
Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: Antonis S. Manolis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator was conceived by Mirowski as an implantable device for detection and termination of ventricular fibrillation. Since the initial human implant of the defibrillator in 1980, there has been a dramatic expansion of the clinical experience with more than 5000 implants. The technology of the device, which is now capable of sensing and terminating both ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, has evolved rapidly. Although still not an ideal antiarrhythmic device, it has already had a major impact on arrhythmic mortality with a marked reduction in the sudden death rates in a high-risk patient population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1362-1368)
Treatment of subdural haematoma.
Authors: N V Todd
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Until recently our sister department in the Western General Hospital operated a 12 channel SMAC II system; neither uric acid concentration nor creatine kinase activity was included in its configuration.Thus SMAC configurations differ.Doctors should specify the measurements that they wish to have performed or that they recommend should be performed.It is not satisfactory to write SMAC on request forms or to describe the results of investigations by saying, for example, that "the patient's SMAC was normal."Such uses of the abbreviation should be actively discouraged, especially by those concerned in medical education as they make no allowance for the various SMAC configurations, nor for the fact that periodically one or more channels of the machine system may be "down."The "SMAC mentality" encourages an uncritical approach to requesting investigations, a practice so eloquently deplored by the late Dr Richard Asher.
Pulsus Paradoxus of the Airways
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In an age of complex diagnostic technology, any news of a new use for a simple old physical sign is bound to quicken the pulse. It is thrilling to see little David take on Goliath. Pulsus paradoxus was first named and described by Kussmaul in 1873. The name persisted, even though it has been shown since that the observed decrease in the amplitude of the pulse on deep inspiration is not a paradoxical phenomenon, but an exaggeration of the normal response.<sup>1</sup>The difference is that of degree. Normally, the decrease is less than 5 mm Hg, whereas in pulsus paradoxus it may well exceed 10, even 20, mm Hg and then be detectable without the aid of the sphygmomanometer by palpation alone. Not only did the name persist, but also its association with the originally described condition. Much as an actor who gets "typed" early in his career, pulsus
Intracoronary β-Radiation Therapy Inhibits Recurrence of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Ron Waksman, Balram Bhargava, Larry White, Rosanna C. Chan, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gary S. Mintz, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Martin B. Leon, Kenneth K. Kent
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Intracoronary γ-radiation therapy reduces recurrent in-stent restenosis (ISR). This study, BETA WRIST (Washington Radiation for In-Stent restenosis Trial) was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of the β-emitter 90-yttrium for the prevention of recurrent ISR. Methods and Results —A total of 50 consecutive patients with ISR in native coronaries underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, laser angioplasty, rotational atherectomy, and/or stent implantation. Afterward, a segmented balloon catheter was positioned and automatically loaded with a 90-yttrium, 0.014-inch source wire that was 29 mm in length to deliver a dose of 20.6 Gy at 1.0 mm from the balloon surface. In 17 patients, manual stepping of the radiation catheter was necessary for lesions &gt;25 mm in length. The radiation was delivered successfully to all patients, with a mean dwell time of 3.0±0.4 minutes. Fractionation of the dose due to ischemia was required in 11 patients. At 6 months, the binary angiographic restenosis rate was 22%, the target lesion revascularization rate was 26%, and the target vessel revascularization rate was 34%; all rates were significantly lower than those of the placebo group of γ-WRIST. Conclusions —β-Radiation with a 90-yttrium source used as adjunct therapy for patients with ISR results in a lower-than-expected rate of angiographic and clinical restenosis.
Follicular keratoses at amputation sites
Authors: S.H. IBBOTSON, N.B. SIMPSON, N.C.M. FYFE, C.M. LAWRENCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We describe two patients with painful follicular keratoses at lower limb amputation sites. Subsequent examination of 31 amputees revealed evidence of keratoses in four of 28 patients with lower limb stumps. Two of the four affected subjects experienced stump pain exacerbated by weight‐bearing. This problem is not well documented. Local treatment measures may be ineffective. Painful stump follicular keratoses many be a cause of significant morbidity in lower limb amputees, and may be the result of an ill‐fitting prosthesis.
From the Molecule to Public Health
Authors: Edison T. Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The syndrome of familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by the emergence of multiple (>100) colonic polyps early in life and by inevitable progression to colonic carcinoma. The gene responsible for this syndrome, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, is localized on chromosome 5q21 and encodes for a 300-kd protein whose function is still unknown. On the basis of standard genetic techniques, two thirds of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have mutations in the APC gene; however, the approaches currently used to identify these genetic lesions have been sufficiently cumbersome and insensitive to preclude their common use in clinical laboratories. This . . .
Glucose Transport and Glucose Transporters in Muscle and Their Metabolic Regulation
Authors: Amira Klip, Michel R Pâquet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Skeletal muscle is the primary tissue responsible for insulin-dependent glucose uptake in vivo; therefore, glucose uptake by this tissue plays an important role in determining glycemia. Glucose uptake in muscle occurs by a system of facilitated diffusion involving at least two distinct glucose transporters, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. Both bind the fungal metabolite and inhibitor of glucos transport cytochalasin B. In human skeletal muscle, both types of transporters are detected immunologically, and corresponding mRNA transcripts of both transporter forms are detected. In human skeletal muscle cells in culture, in which contamination by other tissues is ruled out, a 50,000-M, polypeptide is photolabeled with cytochalasin B. In rat skeletal muscle, acute treatment with insulin in vivo increases glucose-transport activity and the number of specific cytochalasin B-binding sites at the plasma membrane. In mildly diabetic (streptozocin-induced) rats, the number of cytochalasin B-binding sites is decreased in total membranes, and preferentially in the plasma membrane. In response to acute insulin treatment, however, there is still recruitment of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane from an intracellular membrane store. Hence, migration of transporters does occur in this form of diabetes. In L6 muscle cells in culture, acute treatment (1 h) with insulin causes recruitment of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane, and prolonged exposure to insulin or to glucose-deprived medium causes increased expression of GLUT-1 mRNA and GLUT-1 protein. Prolonged exposure (24 h) to high glucose in the medium causes a decrease in the number of glucose transporters in the plasma membrane. Hence, in those cells the expression of the GLUT-1 glucose transporter is modulated by insulin.
Parenteral penicillin before admission to hospital for meningitis
Authors: Duncan Keeley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The benefit remains uncertain despite new evidence 

G eneral practitioners worry about seeing—and even more about missing—meningococcal disease. We know that affected children can deteriorate very rapidly and that the disease has a high mortality. And we know that if we suspect this diagnosis we should give parenteral penicillin while arranging urgent transfer to hospital. This is the advice in the British National Formulary , the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin , and the guidelines for general practitioners from the Meningitis Research Foundation.1

It stands to reason that in a rapidly progressive bacterial infection the earliest possible administration of antibiotics should have a beneficial effect on outcomes. We carry the penicillin in our bags. But not everything that stands to reason proves to be the case—and the uncertainty of the evidence base for prehospital administration of penicillin in suspected meningococcal disease is added to by a paper published in this week's BMJ .2

This study (p 1295) is one of a series reporting a large national case-control study of the clinical management of 448 children aged 0-16 presenting between 1997 and 1999 with meningococcal disease. It compares fatal and non-fatal cases. Previous papers have identified early symptoms of sepsis that medical …
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Gensaburo Koga
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

A general review of the cases will, I think, indicate that the preparation greatly improves or apparently cures pulmonary and surgical tuberculosis in the first and second stages, and that it seems also to produce beneficial effects upon the disease in the third stage. The duration of these beneficial effects is still to be established by more numerous trials and many years of observation. The preparation must be given intravenously, and the doses must be increased or decreased according to the age and constitution of each patient (page 156). Moreover, it should be borne in mind that the pathological phenomena and the constitution of each patient have much to do with the determination of the dose. The manner of action of the preparation is not yet entirely clear. But if it acts primarily upon the tissues which bear the tubercular lesions and then indirectly against the germ, as I assume at present, the activity which the tissues exert will have much to do with the efficacy of the preparation. If this hypothesis is correct, the minimum doses (10 to 12 mg.) will be best suited to a patient who is greatly emaciated, and should be gradually increased as the reactions, pathological processes, nutrition, etc., indicate. In any case, the dose of the preparation must be determined by the condition and constitution of the patient. In animal experiments I have been fortunate enough to obtain results which no other preparation has given. The clinical application and the establishment of its full efficacy in human cases must be left to the physician.