tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
De subitaneis mortibus. XII. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart.
Authors: T N James, T K Marshall
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Subjects with asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart are prone to sudden death. Neither the pathogenesis of the eccentric hypertrophy nor the mechanism of sudden death is fully understood. In this report we describe certain postmortem findings in the hearts of 22 subjects who died suddenly, silently and unexpectedly, and in whom the only significant abnormality at autopsy was asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart. Deep clefts were present in the septum in seven hearts, the small coronary arteries were abnormally narrowed in ten, the sinus node was sclerosed by fibrosis in 12, there was variable narrowing of the atrioventricular (A-V) node artery in many and the His bundle was too thin in three. There were multiple cysts or channels in the central fibrous body and of the adjacent A-V node and His bundle in four hearts. Most of the hearts displayed a fetal dispersion of the A-V node and His bundle throughout the central fibrous body, but this was particularly conspicuous in 13 hearts. These abnormalities in all parts of the conduction system suggest a variety of possible mechanisms by which the heart could become electrically unstable but do not indicate that one single mechanism is at fault in all. They offer some explanation for the reported high incidence of atrial fibrillation in such patients, and why they fare so badly with this arrhythmia. While the pathogenesis of asymmetrical hypertrophy may in some part be attributable to narrowed small coronary arteries or to an abnormal sequence or speed of septal and ventricular activation or to mechanical deficiency caused by deep septal clefts, none of these features was universally present in our series. Both asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart and the sudden death which so frequently accompanies it probably develop by a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms.
To Have Been or Not to Have Been
Authors: John Q. Cleveland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial writer suggests making<i>to have been a has been</i>. The haves and the have nots should agree on such passivity passing. This grammatic crusade deserves much accolade. While we're passing on passives, let's not be passe. Let's pass the passive passage into the past.
Evidence for direct estrogen regulation of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene.
Authors: S Radovick, C M Ticknor, Y Nakayama, A C Notides, A Rahman, B D Weintraub, G B Cutler, F E Wondisford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

This study is an attempt to determine whether estrogen could directly regulate human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression. Human GnRH expression vectors were constructed by fusing various 5' flanking regions of the human GnRH gene upstream of the luciferase reporter gene (LUC) or the thymidine kinase promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene (CAT). These constructs were transiently transfected into a human choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3) and LUC or CAT activity was measured after either no treatment or treatment with various concentrations of estradiol. A stimulatory estrogen response element (ERE) was localized to a 32-bp region between -547 and -516 bp. To determine whether estrogen receptor bound to this region of the gene, we performed DNase I footprinting using purified calf uterine estrogen receptor. DNase I footprinting demonstrates a strong footprint between -567 and -514 bp of the human GnRH gene. In addition, an avidin-biotin complex DNA-binding assay demonstrated that a biotinylated DNA fragment containing -541 to -517 bp of the human GnRH gene bound 35S-labeled estrogen receptor as well as a biotinylated DNA fragment containing the xenopus vitellogenin ERE. On the other hand, the negative control biotinylated DNA fragment derived from adenovirus 5 bound insignificant amounts of 35S-labeled estrogen receptor. Both the GnRH ERE and vitellogenin ERE bound 35S-labeled estrogen receptor with high affinity (approximately 1 nM). These data indicate that the human GnRH gene contains an ERE sufficient to mediate a stimulatory response to estrogen in heterologous cells. Based upon these data we hypothesize that the human GnRH gene might also be directly regulated by estrogen in the hypothalamus, and that this regulation may explain the GnRH hypersecretion observed at the time of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge.
Identification of a Transcriptional Signature Associated with Specific Immune Response to Cockroach Allergen
Authors: C. Cheadle, P.S. Gao, D. Grigoryev, N.M. Rafaels, J.M. Wright, B.A. Plunkett, Y.C. Chen, M. Stockton, A. Togias, T.H. Beaty
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Wells’ syndrome associated with recurrent giardiasis
Authors: D. Canonne, A. Dubost-Brama, M. Segard, F. Piette, E. Delaporte
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Wells’ syndrome associated with recurrent giardiasis Get access D. Canonne, D. Canonne Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Dubost‐Brama, A. Dubost‐Brama Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Segard, M. Segard Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Piette, F. Piette Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Delaporte E. Delaporte Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lille, France E.Delaporte. E‐mail: edelaporte@chru‐lille.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 2, 1 August 2000, Pages 425–427, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03675.x Published: 01 August 2000
Neurogenic inflammation: with additional discussion of central and perceptual integration of nonneurogenic inflammation.
Authors: R Bascom, W J Meggs, M Frampton, K Hudnell, K Killburn, G Kobal, M Medinsky, W Rea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The Working Group on Neurogenic Inflammation proposed 11 testable hypotheses in the three domains of neurogenic inflammation, perceptual and central integration, and nonneurogenic inflammation. The working group selected the term people reporting chemical sensitivity (PRCS) to identify the primary subject group. In the domain of neurogenic inflammation, testable hypotheses included: PRCS have an increased density of c-fiber neurons in symptomatic tissues; PRCS produce greater quantities of neuropeptides and prostanoids than nonsensitive subjects in response to exposure to low-level capsaicin or irritant chemicals; PRCS have an increased and prolonged response to exogenously administered c-fiber activators such as capsaicin; PRCS demonstrate augmentation of central autonomic reflexes following exposure to agents that produce c-fiber stimulation; PRCS have decreased quantities of neutral endopeptidase in their mucosa; exogenous neuropeptide challenge reproduces symptoms of PRCS. In the domain of perceptual and central integration, testable hypotheses included: PRCS have alterations in adaptation, habituation, cortical representation, perception, cognition, and hedonics compared to controls; the qualitative and quantitative interactions between trigeminal and olfactory systems are altered in PRCS; higher integration of sensory inputs is altered in PRCS. In the domain of nonneurogenic inflammation, testable hypotheses included: increased inflammation is present in PRCS in symptomatic tissues and is associated with a heightened neurosensory response; PRCS show an augmented inflammatory response to chemical exposure. The working group recommended that studies be initiated in these areas.
Malignant eccrine poroma: a study of twenty-seven cases
Authors: MARCIA SHAW, P.H. McKEE, D. LOWE, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Malignant eccrine poroma: a study of twenty‐seven cases Get access MARCIA SHAW, MARCIA SHAW Department of Histopathology, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School Dr Marcia Shaw, Department of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.H. McKEE, P.H. McKEE Department of Histopathology, St Thomas's Hospital Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. LOWE, D. LOWE Department of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. BLACK M.M. BLACK Department of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 6, 1 December 1982, Pages 675–680, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00527.x Published: 01 December 1982 Article history Accepted: 17 April 1982 Published: 01 December 1982
Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality After Procedure-Related or Spontaneous Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Peter Damman, Lars Wallentin, Keith A.A. Fox, Fons Windhausen, Alexander Hirsch, Tim Clayton, Stuart J. Pocock, Bo Lagerqvist, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Robbert J. de Winter
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— The present study was designed to investigate the long-term prognostic impact of procedure-related and spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI) on cardiovascular mortality in patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results— Five-year follow-up after procedure-related or spontaneous MI was investigated in the individual patient pooled data set of the FRISC-II (Fast Revascularization During Instability in Coronary Artery Disease), ICTUS (Invasive Versus Conservative Treatment in Unstable Coronary Syndromes), and RITA-3 (Randomized Intervention Trial of Unstable Angina 3) non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome trials. The principal outcome was cardiovascular death up to 5 years of follow-up. Cumulative event rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method; hazard ratios were calculated with time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Adjustments were made for the variables associated with long-term outcomes. Among the 5467 patients, 212 experienced a procedure-related MI within 6 months after enrollment. A spontaneous MI occurred in 236 patients within 6 months. The cumulative cardiovascular death rate was 5.2% in patients who had a procedure-related MI, comparable to that for patients without a procedure-related MI (hazard ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–1.20, P =0.17). In patients who had a spontaneous MI within 6 months, the cumulative cardiovascular death rate was 22.2%, higher than for patients without a spontaneous MI (hazard ratio 4.52; 95% confidence interval, 3.37–6.06, P &lt;0.001). These hazard ratios did not change materially after risk adjustments. Conclusions— Five-year follow-up of patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome from the 3 trials showed no association between a procedure-related MI and long-term cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, there was a substantial increase in long-term mortality after a spontaneous MI. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN82153174 (ICTUS); http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN07752711 (RITA-3).
Association of Weight Status With Mortality in Adults With Incident Diabetes
Authors: Mercedes R. Carnethon, Peter John D. De Chavez, Mary L. Biggs, Cora E. Lewis, James S. Pankow, Alain G. Bertoni, Sherita H. Golden, Kiang Liu, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Brenda Campbell-Jenkins, Alan R. Dyer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Type 2 diabetes in normal-weight adults (body mass index [BMI] <25) is a representation of the metabolically obese normal-weight phenotype with unknown mortality consequences.To test the association of weight status with mortality in adults with new-onset diabetes in order to minimize the influence of diabetes duration and voluntary weight loss on mortality.Pooled analysis of 5 longitudinal cohort studies: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, 1990-2006; Cardiovascular Health Study, 1992-2008; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, 1987-2011; Framingham Offspring Study, 1979-2007; and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2002-2011. A total of 2625 participants with incident diabetes contributed 27,125 person-years of follow-up. Included were men and women (age >40 years) who developed incident diabetes based on fasting glucose 126 mg/dL or greater or newly initiated diabetes medication and who had concurrent measurements of BMI. Participants were classified as normal weight if their BMI was 18.5 to 24.99 or overweight/obese if BMI was 25 or greater.Total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality.The proportion of adults who were normal weight at the time of incident diabetes ranged from 9% to 21% (overall 12%). During follow-up, 449 participants died: 178 from cardiovascular causes and 253 from noncardiovascular causes (18 were not classified). The rates of total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality were higher in normal-weight participants (284.8, 99.8, and 198.1 per 10,000 person-years, respectively) than in overweight/obese participants (152.1, 67.8, and 87.9 per 10,000 person-years, respectively). After adjustment for demographic characteristics and blood pressure, lipid levels, waist circumference, and smoking status, hazard ratios comparing normal-weight participants with overweight/obese participants for total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality were 2.08 (95% CI, 1.52-2.85), 1.52 (95% CI, 0.89-2.58), and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.55-3.48), respectively.Adults who were normal weight at the time of incident diabetes had higher mortality than adults who are overweight or obese.
Continuing Medical Education: A Primer
Authors: Michael I. Gannon
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>Continuing Medical Education: A Primer</i>was written, edited, and published under the auspices of the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education. The<i>Primer</i>is divided into six parts. The first serves as an introduction, briefly depicting the current scene and noting a few historical factors. The second part explains the elements of effective planning and evaluation, concentrating on the principles of adult education as applied to continuing medical education (CME). The third part focuses on management of a CME office in hospitals, medical schools, state and county medical societies, and specialty societies. The fourth part covers marketing and operational management of CME activities. The fifth part presents helpful information on CME resources, accreditation and credit systems, and peer review relationships to CME. The sixth part covers techniques and technology that have an impact on the provision of CME and will affect future developments in the field. The book is written with
An Address on Neurology and Therapeutics: Delivered before the Medical Society of London, April 10th, 1893
Authors: W. R. Gowers
Journal: BMJ (1893)

Concluded from p. 782.)BUT I must ask you to retrace your steps in order to gain a clear conception of the nature of the processes that take place in their relation to treatment.The first step in the process of analysis was that the white columns of the cord were re.solved into their functional constituent tracts-resolved by the distinction effected by process of disease and its con- sequent decay.But meanwhile another process of analysis was taking place.This process was one of extreme import- ance and extreme interest.It rested partly upon direct
Childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma near large rural construction sites, with a comparison with Sellafield nuclear site
Authors: L J Kinlen, M Dickson, C A Stiller
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether population mixing produced by large, non-nuclear construction projects in rural areas is associated with an increase in childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymhoma. <b>Design</b>: A study of the incidence of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma among children living near large construction projects in Britain since 1945, situated more than 20 km from a population centre, involving a workforce of more than 1000, and built over three or more calendar years. For periods before 1962 mortality was studied. <b>Setting</b>: Areas within 10 km of relevant sites, and the highland counties of Scotland with many hydroelectric schemes. <b>Subjects</b>: Children aged under 15. <b>Results</b>: A 37% excess of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma at 0-14 years of age was recorded during construction and the following calendar year. The excesses were greater at times when construction workers and operating staff overlapped (72%), particularly in areas of relatively high social class. For several sites the excesses were similar to or greater than that near the nuclear site of Sellafield (67%), which is distinctive in its large workforce with many construction workers. Seascale, near Sellafield, with a ninefold increase had an unusually high proportion of residents in social class I. The only study parish of comparable social class also showed a significant excess, with a confidence interval that included the Seascale excess. <b>Conclusion</b>: The findings support the infection hypothesis and reinforce the view that the excess of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma near Sellafield has a similar explanation. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Large construction projects in rural areas entail such mixing because the workforces are drawn from a wide area A significant excess of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma combined has been found in areas near large, non-nuclear construction projects in rural Britain over the past 50 years, similar to that near Sellafield The high incidence of these diseases in Seascale children appears to be due to the high proportion of susceptible subjects consequent on the unusually high social class and the regular addition of new children to the parish The findings are further evidence that the excess of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma near Sellafield is due to an infective process; probably the excesses found in the present study would have been noticed earlier had there been a local source of radiation
Population based endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: D A L Macafee
Journal: Gut (2003)

We propose that there should be a national colorectal cancer screening programme in the UK, and that there is a good case to base it on a single flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) at approximately 60 years of age, possibly supplemented by faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) after age 60 years, predominantly for the detection of early proximal cancers. CASE FOR SCREENINGThere is no longer doubt that screening is an effective method of reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates.The US Preventive Services Task Force 1 recently reviewed the evidence and gave a grade A recommendation that all men and women over the age of 50 years should be screened for CRC.In the UK, the Department of Health has demonstrated its commitment to CRC screening by funding a national demonstration pilot to assess the feasibility and acceptability of FOBT in the general population. 2 Together with the MRC it is also funding a randomised trial of a single FS screen offered at around age 60 years with colonoscopy for those found at FS to have high risk adenomas.The trial recently reported 3 that FS is acceptable, feasible, and safe but has yet to report on the magnitude and duration of efficacy.The FOBT pilot was completed in mid-2002 and results are due to be presented to ministers in early 2003.Colonoscopy is not considered a feasible option for mass screening in the UK because of the personal commitment required of the screenee, the risks of perforation, and manpower issues.
Osteoporosis Circumscripta Cranii A Cause for "Doughnut" Sign on Cerebral and Bone Scans
Authors: D DIONNE, R TAILLEFER, R LEBLOND, R CHARTRAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

DIONNE, D M.D.; TAILLEFER, R M.D.; LEBLOND, R M.D.; CHARTRAND, R M.D. Author Information
Composite and surrogate outcomes in randomised controlled trials
Authors: Nick Freemantle, Mel Calvert
Journal: BMJ (2007)

In this week's BMJ, Ferreira-Gonzalez and colleagues report that clinical trials may mislead if they use composite end points.1 For example, a statement that an intervention reduces a composite end point of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularisation procedures is misleading if revascularisation procedures were more common outcomes than death or infarction, or if the intervention had a large apparent treatment effect on revascularisation but not on death or infarction.1 It is not enough for people who use the research—doctors and patients—to be aware of such potential to mislead: pharmaceutical regulators should also examine their role.
Follicular lymphoma tumor–infiltrating T-helper (TH) cells have the same polyfunctional potential as normal nodal TH cells despite skewed differentiation
Authors: Shannon P. Hilchey, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Ollivier Hyrien, Shelley Secor-Socha, Matthew R. Cochran, Michael T. Brady, Jyh-Chiang E. Wang, Iñaki Sanz, W. Richard Burack, Sally A. Quataert, Steven H. Bernstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
Histamine concentration of gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative children.
Authors: D M Queiroz, E N Mendes, G A Rocha, A J Barbosa, A S Carvalho, J R Cunha-Melo
Journal: Gut (1991)

The histamine concentration was determined by enzymatic isotopic method in biopsy specimens of oxyntic mucosa from 37 children. Nineteen of the 37 had Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis (9 with duodenal ulcer). The histamine concentration in the H pylori negative group was mean (SD) 54.1 (23.1) micrograms/g fresh weight, and that in the H pylori positive group was 26.3 (14.2) micrograms/g (p less than 0.01). There was also a significant difference between H pylori positive patients with duodenal ulcer (19.8 (6.3) micrograms/g) and those without ulcer (31.4 (17.9) micrograms/g) (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that H pylori positive patients, especially those with duodenal ulcer, have reduced 9stored9 histamine, perhaps because of increased histamine liberation.
Monitoring Temperature During Anesthesia-Reply
Authors: Eugene H. Flewellen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

First, the use of oral pharyngeal or axillary temperature probes in our experience is a very benign procedure—the benefits far outweighing the disadvantages.  Second,although my letter implied that the only reason to monitor temperature routinely was to detect malignant hyperpyrexia, this is certainly not the case; hypothermia and hyperthermia have multiple etiologies certainly, and such monitoring allows the early detection of trends and appropriate changes in patient management. We see more problems from hypothermia secondary to cold operating room environments and the administration of unwarmed intravenous fluids and blood than problems with hyperthermia. An adequately functioning temperature-monitoring device is a much more effective method of assessing temperature than simply feeling a patient's skin in the operating room.  Third, even though elevation in temperature is a relatively late-developing sign in the syndrome of malignant hyperpyrexia, the early signs, such as tachycardia, tachypnea, arrhythmias and tightness have etiologies that may