tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Night of the Living Dead II: Slow Virus Encephalopathies and AIDS: Do Necromantic Zombiists Transmit HTLV-III/LAV During Voodooistic Rituals?
Authors: William R. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  A recent report concerning electron microscopy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) encephalopathy makes an association between the AIDS virus and the unconventional slow virus of scrapie. 1 Taxonomically, the human retroviruses, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/ LAV), are more closely related to the visna virus of sheep than to the sheep unconventional slow virus. However, I believe that sociological evidence may more strongly link AIDS clinically and epidemiologically with the human unconventional slow virus afflictions of kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. These data also suggest an answer different than that of simple promiscuous heterosexual transmission to the puzzle of the unusually high incidence of AIDS in Haitians, and possibly, of that in sub-Saharan Africans. This conclusion, if confirmed, could make the development of an animal model for subsequent investigations easier and more practical.  The answer is religious and cultural rather than biologic. In his
Mental healthcare in low and middle income countries
Authors: R. E. Drake, A. Binagwaho, H. C. Martell, A. G. Mulley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Should not replicate the inefficient, inaccessible, and insensitive Western model

The global burden of disease is shifting rapidly from infectious disease to chronic non-infectious disease, with mental and substance use disorders the leading cause of years lost to disability in 2010 worldwide.1 Meanwhile, the movement for global mental health, largely based on evidence based treatments from wealthy countries, has been rapidly gaining momentum.2 Evidence for the effectiveness of these treatments is, however, often silent on culture, context, and preferences of patients. The failure to listen to people and to consider context has led to substantial waste and harm in wealthy countries.3 These concerns should be central in the global mental health movement and will be emphasised at the Salzburg Global Seminar session on mental health in December 2014, which will include teams from more than 12 countries.

Wealthy countries, whether they have market driven or state planned systems, have created expensive and inefficient mental healthcare. Government, industry, and experts make decisions at the top, while people who are …
A theoretical model of regionally ischemic myocardium.
Authors: V B Elings, G E Jahn, J H Vogel
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The isometric tension development of a one-dimensional regionally ischemic muscle was analyzed theoretically. The model consist of a one-dimensional normal segment in series with a one-dimensional ischemic segment. Each segment is modeled as a three-element muscle. The inputs to the various elements, except the contractile element in ischemic segment, were obtained from published data for cat papillary muscles. To be consistent with segment length measurements on ischemic canine hearts, it was assumed that the ischemic contractile element contracted normally at the beginning of contraction and then at some tension, TM, fell behind in its rate of tension development compared to the contractile element in the normal segment. Rate of tension development of various lengths of the ischemic segment and strengths of the ischemic contractile element. At the tension, TM, the ischemic segment begins undergoing paradoxical expansion and, simultaneously, as a result of the expansion. the time derivative of the tension produced by the regionally ischemic muscle exhibits a sudden decrease.
Aging and Risk of Severe, Disabling, Life-Threatening, and Fatal Events in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Gregory T. Armstrong, Toana Kawashima, Wendy Leisenring, Kayla Stratton, Marilyn Stovall, Melissa M. Hudson, Charles A. Sklar, Leslie L Robison, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The first generation of childhood cancer survivors is now aging into their fourth and fifth decades of life, yet health risks across the aging spectrum are not well established.Analyses included 14,359 5-year survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, who were first diagnosed when they were younger than 21 years old and who received follow-up for a median of 24.5 years after diagnosis (range, 5.0 to 39.3 years) along with 4,301 of their siblings. Among the survivors, 5,604 were at least 35 years old (range, 35 to 62 years) at last follow-up. Severe, disabling, life-threatening, and fatal health conditions more than 5 years from diagnosis were classified using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, grades 3 to 5 (National Cancer Institute).The cumulative incidence of a severe, disabling, life-threatening, or fatal health condition was greater among survivors than siblings (53.6%; 95% CI, 51.5 to 55.6; v 19.8%; 95% CI, 17.0 to 22.7) by age 50 years. When comparing survivors with siblings, hazard ratios (HR) were significantly increased within the age group of 5 to 19 years (HR, 6.8; 95% CI, 5.5 to 8.3), age group of 20 to 34 years (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 3.2 to 4.5), and the ≥ 35 years group (HR, 5.0; 95% CI, 4.1 to 6.1), with the HR significantly higher among those ≥ 35 years versus those 20 to 34 years old (P = .03). Among survivors who reached age 35 years without a previous grade 3 or 4 condition, 25.9% experienced a subsequent grade 3 to 5 condition within 10 years, compared with 6.0% of siblings (P < .001).Elevated risk for morbidity and mortality among survivors increases further beyond the fourth decade of life, which affects the future clinical demands of this population relative to ongoing surveillance and interventions.
Smoking and health: a new generation of campaigners.
Authors: B Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Last month more than 1000 delegates from 79 countries converged on Winnipeg for the fifth world conference on smoking and health.It was a meeting with a difference.At previous conferences campaigners saw smoking as a largely medical problem to be resolved by "curing" smokers of their disease.This time participants were forced to recognise that the smoking and health campaign is a war that must be fought in the political arena-against the tobacco industry and not the smoker.The agents of the opposition were there in larger numbers than had ever attended before-keeping a low and anonymous profile and recording every statement that might prove useful for future ammunition.They inadvertently acted as a barometer of the key issues in smoking control: the more industry representatives that attended any one session, the more important it was likely to be for smoking control policy.Some of the conference rhetoric was not new but sadly needed restating.Despite more than 20 years of antismoking campaigns, smoking remains the single, largest preventable cause of ill health and premature death in the industrialised world and is being exported rapidly to the Third World.There can be no excuse for government inaction.There is a clear and proved policy for smoking control recommended by the World Health Organisation' and the International Union Against Cancer and endorsed by the British Medical Association and many other national medical and health organisations.It comprises legis- lative and political action, including a total ban on all cigarette promotion backed up with adequately funded education, infor- mation, and cessation programmes.Yet most governments- with notable exceptions such as Norway and Finland-still acquiesce, preferring to settle for ineffective voluntary agreements that protect government revenue and tobacco interests.In 1979 the fourth world conference summarised information on the major smoking and health issues and pointed to some of the areas where action was lacking-such as in the Third World and with women.Mike Daube, senior lecturer in health education, University of Edinburgh, summing up at that conference, said: "Perhaps the smoking and health campaign needs to change itself while it seeks to change others."2There was evidence of this change at Winnipeg.Some of the old expertise gave way to new issues led by new campaigners.The emphasis this year was on three topics: tobacco and the Third World, women, and children.For the first time in its history the conference recognised the importance of inviting many Third World and women speakers.A pity, therefore, that it was reluctant to incorporate many of their suggestions into major conference recommendations.
Donor lymphocyte infusions for the treatment of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia
Authors: Alida Dominietto, Sarah Pozzi, Maurizio Miglino, Flavio Albarracin, Giovanna Piaggio, Francesca Bertolotti, Raffaella Grasso, Simona Zupo, Anna Maria Raiola, Marco Gobbi, Francesco Frassoni, Andrea Bacigalupo
Journal: Blood (2007)
Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata after<i>in vivo</i>depletion of CD4+ T cells
Authors: None McELWEE, None SPIERS, None OLIVER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Alopecia areata (AA) is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease. Hair loss is associated with a peri‐ and intrafollicular inflammatory infiltrate of anagen hair follicles primarily composed of CD4 + and CD8 + cells. A previous investigation involved in vivo depletion of CD8 + cells in the DEBR rat model to examine the cells' potential pathogenic activity in AA. The rat model is used here in a comparable study of CD4 + cell pathogenic activity. Eight AA affected DEBR rats were given intraperitoneal injections of a CD4 + cell depleting OX‐35/OX‐38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail over a 15‐day therapy course. A further eight AA‐affected rats comprised a control group and were injected with equivalent volumes of an irrelevant MoAb, OX‐21. Changes in both CD4 + and CD8 + peripheral blood cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry, and macrophotography was used to record any changes in hair growth. Of the eight CD4 + cell‐depleted rats six responded with hair growth. The rats revealed significant hair growth within 23 days of treatment initiation. With rapid replacement of the CD4 + cell population the newly generated pelage hair was eventually lost. Two control rats also showed limited hair growth within the 112‐day study period. In vivo depletion of CD4 + cells partially restores hair growth in AA affected rats. The response suggests that CD4 + cells may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of AA. Further research may elucidate whether CD4 + cells have a direct effect on hair follicles or exert their influence through their classic T helper cell supporting role for CD8 + cells.
Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization
Authors: Lewis G. Sandy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters7 February 2012Reducing 30-Day RehospitalizationLewis G. Sandy, MD, MBALewis G. Sandy, MD, MBAFrom UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN 55343.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although Hansen and colleagues should be commended for compiling a well-written, thorough, and timely review (1), the final paragraph (particularly the last sentence) made me wince, raising a larger point about the evidence base—and sources of evidence needed—for system improvement and policy.In contrast to the published literature, my observation of hospitals and hospital systems that undertake work in this area is that they generally improve readmission rates, especially if they are focused, supported in their improvement efforts, and incentivized to do so.Well-studied interventions are mentioned in the article. The Society For Hospital Medicine and the ...Reference1. Hansen LO, Young RS, Hinami K, Leung A, Williams MV. Interventions to reduce 30-day rehospitalization: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:520-8. [PMID: 22007045] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lewis G. Sandy, MD, MBAAffiliations: From UnitedHealth Group, Minnetonka, MN 55343.Disclaimer: Comments are personal opinions of the author and not the opinions or position of UnitedHealth Group or affiliated companies.Disclosures: Dr. Sandy is an employee of UnitedHealth Group with stock/stock options. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInterventions to Reduce 30-Day Rehospitalization: A Systematic Review Luke O. Hansen , Robert S. Young , Keiki Hinami , Alicia Leung , and Mark V. Williams Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization Azeem Majeed Reducing 30-Day Rehospitalization Luke O. Hansen and Mark V. Williams Metrics 7 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 3Page: 251KeywordsBayesian methodConflicts of interestHealth careHospital medicineInpatientsMotivation ePublished: 7 February 2012 Issue Published: 7 February 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Communication of Intrahepatic Cavities with Bile Ducts: Demonstration with Tc-99m-Diethyl-IDA Imaging
Authors: CHRISTOPHER C. KUNI, WILLIAM C. KLINGENSMITH, LAWRENCE J. KOEP, ALAN R. FRITZBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Tc-99m-diethyl-IDA imaging demonstrated intrahepatic bile leaks in two patients. The first patient had an intrahepatic abscess associated with a common bile duct stone; he was successfully treated with common duct lithotomy and antibiotics, but without surgical drainage of the intrahepatic abscess. The second patient had bile leakage into an intrahepatic cavitary hematoma after abdominal trauma.
CYST OF PANCREAS FOLLOWING TRAUMA.
Authors: J. VAN DER LAAN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Growths, malignant or benign, pressing on or involv- ing the excretory duct of this gland, thereby causing re- tention of its physiologic secretions with probably cystic distension of its capsule, are excluded from consideration in this paper; and it is proposed to limit the discussion to such cysts of this organ as are preceded by a history of mechanic violence in this region, and offer strong pre- sumptive evidence of being due to such violence.That this gland, lying as it does, deeply in the upper abdominal zone and apparently well protected from me- chanical injury, should at times be subject to violence, which may so seriously interfere with its normal func- tions as to materially affect the health of the subject, seems, on superficial examination, quite improbable.On little reflection, it will be noted, however, that under fa- vorable conditions, when the stomach is empty and the
Abstract 14691: Statins Do Not Increase the Risk of Post Acute Myocardial Infarction Depression: Insights from PREMIER and TRIUMPH Registries
Authors: Firas J Al Badarin, Kensey L Gosch, Donna M Buchanan, John A Spertus, Paul S Chan
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: While statins are a cornerstone of prevention after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), some recent studies have suggested that they may be associated with subsequent depression. The association between statins and depression after AMI is unknown. Methods: Using data from 2 multi-center, prospective registries of AMI patients (PREMIER and TRIUMPH), we examined changes in depressive symptoms between the index hospitalization and 1-month later among 3058 statin-naive patients on admission and compared those who were and were not discharged on a statin. We excluded 2125 patients already on chronic statin treatment. Depressive symptoms were quantified with the validated 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), which rates depressive symptoms from 0 to 24 (with higher scores denoting more depressive symptoms). We also examined whether 1-month change in depressive symptoms were different between the statin groups using a matched propensity score analysis (C-statistic, 0.74), which incorporated b...
Experts call for concerted action on diabetes
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A group of leading medical professionals and experts on diabetes has called on the government to act to improve the diagnosis and management of diabetes, a disease it describes as “rapidly becoming the biggest health challenge of our time.”

In a letter to the Times George Alberti, chairman of Diabetes UK, Clare Gerada, chairwoman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, Martin Hadley-Brown, chairman of …
Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on right ventricular function in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: L Fierobe, F Brunet, J F Dhainaut, M Monchi, M Belghith, J P Mira, J Dall'ava-Santucci, A T Dinh-Xuan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) affects pulmonary circulation, thereby improving right ventricular (RV) function in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we studied 13 patients with both a lung injury severity score of 2.5 or more and a mean pulmonary artery pressure higher than 30 mm Hg. RV function was assessed by a thermodilution technique using a pulmonary artery catheter equipped with a rapid response thermistor before and 15 min after initiation of inhalation of NO (5 ppm). At baseline, stroke volumes were in a normal range (46 +/- 14 ml/m2), with a RV dilation (end-diastolic volume = 142 +/- 36 ml/m2). Inhaled NO was followed by an improvement in arterial oxygenation (PaO2/FIO2 = 103 +/- 47 versus 142 +/- 63, p < 0.05) and a drop in pulmonary artery pressure (36.1 +/- 4.5 versus 31.3 +/- 6.1 mm Hg, p < 0.01); stroke volumes and heart rates did not change. The resulting fall in pulmonary vascular resistance (211 +/- 43 versus 180 +/- 59 dyn-s/cm5, p < 0.05) was associated with an increase in RV, ejection fractions (32 +/- 5 versus 36 +/- 6%, p < 0.05), a trend toward decreased RV end-systolic (96 +/- 25 versus 85 +/- 19 ml/m2, NS) and end-diastolic (142 +/- 36 versus 131 +/- 27 ml/m2, NS) volumes, and a decrease in right atrial pressures (10.9 +/- 2.9 versus 9.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, p < 0.05). No relationship was seen between the improvement in arterial oxygenation and the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlation of Angiographic Late Loss With Neointimal Proliferation in Stents Evaluated by OCT and Histology in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Jung-Sun Kim, David Wallace-Bradley, Carlos L. Alviar, Gerard Conditt, Krzysztof Milewski, Maxwell E. Afari, Yanping Cheng, Catalina Gallego, Armando Tellez, Gregg W. Stone, Greg L. Kaluza, Juan F. Granada
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Abstract B78: Targeting the translational apparatus in MYCN-driven medulloblastoma
Authors: Justin G. Meyerowitz, W. Clay Gustafson, Erin Nekritz, Fredrik Swartling, Kevan M. Shokat, Davide Ruggero, William A. Weiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Amplification of MYCN is associated with high-risk SHH-driven and group 4 medulloblastoma, while mis-expression and amplification of MYC is associated with aggressive group 3 tumors. The biology of these tumors, particularly the group 3/4 tumors, is poorly understood, with no effective targeted therapies. We have recently developed a model of group 4 medulloblastoma in which high levels of mutationally-stabilized MYCN protein drive oncogenesis. We have shown in other tumor types that modulation of the translational apparatus downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is required for MYC-driven oncogenesis and that there is a synergistic relationship between MYC and the mTOR axis to promote tumor formation. mTOR signals through two primary outputs, rpS6 kinase (S6K) and the translation initiation factor eIF4E. A new class of clinical mTOR active site inhibitors disrupts signaling through both effectors, whereas the allosteric binder rapamycin disrupts only S6K. We describe genetic and therapeutic studies aimed at distinguishing the effects of S6K and eIF4E in both tumor formation and in therapy. These mechanistically distinct activities have enormous therapeutic implications, as in our medulloblastoma model, active site inhibitors of mTOR, but not rapamycin, demonstrate efficacy. Taken together, this supports the idea that signaling through S6K is dispensable, whereas eIF4E is required for MYC-driven oncogenesis. Citation Format: Justin G. Meyerowitz, W. Clay Gustafson, Erin Nekritz, Fredrik Swartling, Kevan M. Shokat, Davide Ruggero, William A. Weiss. Targeting the translational apparatus in MYCN-driven medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B78.
Fighting for the NHS, and research integrity
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Fighting for the NHS, and research integrity Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Familial Alzheimer disease–linked mutations specifically disrupt Ca2+ leak function of presenilin 1
Authors: Omar Nelson, Huiping Tu, Tianhua Lei, Mostafa Bentahir, Bart de Strooper, Ilya Bezprozvanny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Mutations in presenilins are responsible for approximately 40% of all early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases in which a genetic cause has been identified. In addition, a number of mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) have been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of frontal temporal dementia (FTD). Presenilins are highly conserved transmembrane proteins that support cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by γ-secretase. Recently, we discovered that presenilins also function as passive ER Ca2+ leak channels. Here we used planar lipid bilayer reconstitution assays and Ca2+ imaging experiments with presenilin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts to analyze ER Ca2+ leak function of 6 FAD-linked PS1 mutants and 3 known FTD-associated PS1 mutants. We discovered that L166P, A246E, E273A, G384A, and P436Q FAD mutations in PS1 abolished ER Ca2+ leak function of PS1. In contrast, A79V FAD mutation or FTD-associated mutations (L113P, G183V, and Rins352) did not appear to affect ER Ca2+ leak function of PS1 in our experiments. We validated our findings in Ca2+ imaging experiments with primary fibroblasts obtained from an FAD patient possessing mutant PS1-A246E. Our results indicate that many FAD mutations in presenilins are loss-of-function mutations affecting ER Ca2+ leak activity. In contrast, none of the FTD-associated mutations affected ER Ca2+ leak function of PS1, indicating that the observed effects are disease specific. Our observations are consistent with the potential role of disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
'Old Man in a VA Hospital': Shock and Dismay
Authors: Lloyd A. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The poem entitled "Old Man in a VA Hospital," by Robert S. McKelvey,<sup>1</sup>reminded me of Lionel Trilling's short story, "Of This Time, of That Place"—not because the pieces are similar, but because a subplot of Trilling's short story examines the thesis that even a poet should have a social conscience. McKelvey's poem is evocative, but I am not sure it is responsible. The smell of urine is rarely present in modern VA (Department of Veterans Affairs) hospitals; we have long since abandoned "dull gray-green" paint, and VA nurses are among the most caring, committed, professional people I have encountered anywhere. Furthermore, at the May 1990 meeting of the American Geriatric Society, 23% of all scientific abstracts presented were from VA staff members. A remarkable record, indeed! The point is that accentuation of the negative tends to propagate it. The VA, in my estimation, is