tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Celebrating 150 Years of the AMA and the First 100 Years of JAMA
Authors: Brian P. Pace
Journal: JAMA (1996)

On May 7, 1847, the American Medical Association (AMA) was founded in Philadelphia, Pa, during the National Medical Convention. The AMA was initially established "for cultivating and advancing medical knowledge, for elevating the standard of medical education, for promoting the usefulness, honour, and interests of the Medical Profession; for enlightening and directing public opinion in regard to the duties, responsibilities and requirements of medical men."<sup>1</sup>Many of these goals were accomplished by the AMA's early achievements in establishing a higher standard for medical education and more consistent and demanding licensing requirements for physicians. Since that time the AMA has grown in size and function, yet the initial goal to provide the most current scientific and clinical information to physicians and the public continues. See also pp 841 and 845. <i>JAMA</i>has had the privilege to participate in this mission by publishing some of the finest scientific information and clinical reports
Role of health secretary in future NHS is still unclear, says Liberal Democrat peer
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“Profound ambiguities” still remain concerning the responsibilities of the secretary of state for health and the role of competition, despite amendments to the proposed Health and Social Care Bill, the Liberal Democrat peer Shirley Williams warned last week at the annual meeting of the NHS Confederation.

And the fact that the parliamentary process allowed for only five days to consider these “huge and far reaching amends” was, she said, a matter of “very great concern.”

Speaking as part of a panel discussion on how the NHS would navigate the healthcare reforms, Baroness Williams welcomed the greater levels of openness, transparency, and public accountability that would now be written into the forthcoming legislation, prompted by the NHS listening exercise.

But serious issues remained, she said. “There are profound ambiguities . . . …
Respiratory Mechanics Following Open-Heart Surgery for Acquired Valvular Disease
Authors: ANTONIO A. GARZON, BERNARD SELTZER, KARL E. KARLSON
Journal: Circulation (1966)

1. Pulmonary mechanics were determined preoperatively and postoperatively in 20 patients following open-heart surgery for acquired valvular disease. 2. The surviving patients had minimal increase of the work of breathing, associated with an increase in nonelastic resistance during the early postoperative period. These changes in pulmonary mechanics are insufficient to explain the respiratory difficulties experienced by these patients. 3. In the fatal cases compliance decreased to half the preoperative level, and respiratory work increased to five times the preoperative value. In these individuals excessive work of breathing produces a significant demand on physiological resources, and controlled mechanical ventilation is indicated.
Tale of two hospitals.
Authors: F Godlee, A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1990)

London has lost a further 1000 hospital beds this year, and waiting lists in England may soon hit 1 million.According to the National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts (NAHAT), the pay and prices shortfall in government funding for 1990 to 1991 stands at £235m.The rush to bring spending into line with revenue budgets in time for the setting up ofthe internal market in the new financial year is compounded by the need to pay off existing debts.All hospitals are battling in the same unforgiving economic climate, and the Department of Health is looking to establish its "level playing field" before the competition starts.But not all hospitals have had the same build up to the changes now being imposed.Two hospitals, both very much in the public eye, present themselves for comparison.Guy's, the government flagship for self governing status, seems eager to confront the realities of the new NHS.St Thomas's, in contrast, is seen by some as fighting for its life after years of burying its head in the sand.To examine this contrast we spoke to junior and senior doctors, managers, general practitioners, and community health councils in both districts.St Thomas's, considered by many as the hospital with the silver spoon, ended 1989 with a projected overspend for the financial year of £2-8m.A manage- ment inquiry into West Lambeth Health Authority concluded that the members of the authority were "part prisoners, part creators, of a culture in which spending drift became a way of life."It spoke of "a dangerous sense of complacency" that had allowed the authority to get by year on year.The publication of this report in April 1990, with its suggestions for radical change, launched a traumatic year for St Thomas's.Down the river, Guy's has been living in a climate of cuts for the past five years.It was one of six hospitals to experiment with devolved responsibility in 1985 based on the model of Johns Hopkins in Baltimore: resource management was introduced, and 13 clinical directorates were set up giving doctors control over
Point 2: If Not Now, When?
Authors: M. A. Friedman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Point 2: If Not Now, When? Get access Michael A. Friedman Michael A. Friedman Executive Plaza North, Rm. 742F, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Pages 106–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.106 Published: 17 January 1990 Article history Received: 15 December 1989 Accepted: 15 December 1989 Published: 17 January 1990
Effect of Orally Administered Neomycin on the Absorption of Penicillin V
Authors: Samuel H. Cheng, Arthur White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A TRANSITORY and reversible state of gastrointestinal malabsorption has been described during the oral intake of neomycin.1 2 3 4 5 Clinically and histopathologically this malabsorptive state is similar to that seen in nontropical sprue.4 , 5 The present communication reports the effect of orally administered neomycin on the gastrointestinal absorption of penicillin V (potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin) in 5 normal human subjects. Absorption of penicillin was studied by the bioassay of its concentrations in serum and urine before, during and after oral administration of neomycin, each subject serving as his own control.Materials and MethodsFive young, healthy male medical students served as volunteer subjects of . . .
A QTL influencing F cell production maps to a gene encoding a zinc-finger protein on chromosome 2p15
Authors: Stephan Menzel, Chad Garner, Ivo Gut, Fumihiko Matsuda, Masao Yamaguchi, Simon Heath, Mario Foglio, Diana Zelenika, Anne Boland, Helen Rooks, Steve Best, Tim D Spector, Martin Farrall, Mark Lathrop, Swee Lay Thein
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Hemophilia with Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: RICHARD S. STEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

A 16-year-old hemophiliac with a circulating inhibitor to factor VIII was treated with cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and large doses of factor VIII concentrates. Therapeutic levels of factor VIII were obtained, the patient responded clinically, and the inhibitor disappeared completely by the 19th day. When bleeding episodes recurred on two separate occasions, infusions of factor VIII failed to provide a reappearance of the antibody despite the absence of further immunosuppressive treatment. Providing that the titer is such that antigen excess can be obtained, this therapeutic approach may be useful not only in eliminating factor VIII inhibitors but also in preventing the usually observed anamnestic response.
Pocket Guide to Vaccination and Prophylaxis
Authors: Donald J. Kennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 September 1999Pocket Guide to Vaccination and ProphylaxisDonald J. Kennedy, MDDonald J. Kennedy, MDSaint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. (Kennedy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Jenson HB. 336 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. $19.95. ISBN 0721679935. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Infectious diseases and primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Infectious disease physicians, primary care physicians, and others involved in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Purpose: To provide quick access to the recommended use of vaccines, immunoglobulin products, and antimicrobial agents in children and adults.Content: This pocket-sized guide summarizes recommended immunizations for children, adolescents, adults, health care workers, and persons with altered immunity. Routine indications, contraindications, precautions, and methods of administration are summarized for each vaccine. Recommended prophylaxis with immune globulins, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. (Kennedy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 6Page: 479-480KeywordsAdultsAntimicrobialsChildrenInfectious diseasesOpportunistic infectionsPediatricsPrimary care physiciansProphylaxisSoftware toolsVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 September 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Epicardial Real-Time 3-Dimensional Echocardiography During Septal Myectomy for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patrick J. Nash, Deborah A. Agler, Joon-Han Shin, Jianxin Qin, Nicholas G. Smedira, Harry M. Lever, Takahiro Shiota, James D. Thomas
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Walter Hewitt Toms
Authors: J K Anand
Journal: BMJ (2005)

invented the Swan-Ganz cardiac catheter and was at the forefront of advances in cardiology for 40 years.A former president of the American College of Cardiology, Swan was an intellectual maverick who had vision, compassion, and wit.His cardiac catheter, made with a student of his called Willie Ganz, revolutionised heart surgery at its invention in 1968.It enabled bedside monitoring in critically ill patients by measuring heart output and capillary pressure in the lungs.This hugely improved the survival of patients with heart attacks, serious burns, acute respiratory failure, and many other conditions.Swan was born in Sligo Town, Ireland, the son of two general practitioners, and educated at Castle Knock School.From there he went to St Vincent's College, Dublin, but his studies were soon interrupted by meningitis and he lapsed into a coma.Penicillin was not yet available, but his mother gave him sulfa drugs, which saved his life.He recovered completely, both as a scholar and as a middle weight boxer.At St Thomas' Hospital Medical School his fellow students regarded him as a genius, and indeed, he was allowed to take his MRCP exams after six months instead of the usual two years.After six months as a casualty surgeon he did two years' war service with the Royal Air Force, mainly stationed at a military hospital in Iraq.Returning to St Thomas', he spent three years as physiology lecturer and was awarded a PhD for his early work on cardiac catheterisation and pharmacology, researching under Henry Barcroft, a historic figure in heart physiology.
The Effects of Sodium Allopurinol in Digitalis Toxicity.
Authors: Richard A. DeWall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Effects of Sodium Allopurinol in Digitalis Toxicity.Richard A. DeWall, M.D., Kent A. Vasko, D.V.M.Richard A. DeWall, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kent A. Vasko, D.V.M.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-819_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAllopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that has the potential of preserving nucleotide base and, therefore, both energy and electrolytic activity in cells. Digitalis toxicity was produced in experimental animals, using oubain and lanatoside C (Cedilanid®). These agents were infused until dysrhythmia developed. Sodium allopurinol was then administered by intravenous infusion until a level of 100 mg/kg body weight was reached. Measurements of the ECG and arterial and central venous pressures were obtained. Blood samples were collected from a systemic artery and vein and coronary sinus for measurement of pH, PO2, PCO2, K+, inorganic phosphorous, and glucose. The measurements were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kettering, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 819-819KeywordsAllopurinolBody weightCellsCoronary arteriesGlucosePartial pressure of carbon dioxidePartial pressure of oxygenSodiumToxicityVeins Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
“Grammar box” in the brain
Authors: Valéria Csépe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Brain activity data prove the existence of qualitatively different structures in the brain. However, the question is whether the human brain acts as linguists assume in their models. The modular architecture of grammar that has been claimed by many linguists raises some empirical questions. One of the main questions is whether the threefold abstract partition of language (into syntactic, phonological, and semantic domains) has distinct neural correlates.
Commentaries on the IK1 blockade controversy (March Issue) From L H Opie
Authors: L H Opie
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Commentaries on the IK1 blockade controversy (March Issue) From L H Opie Get access L H Opie L H Opie Heart Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Page 1119, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.1119a Published: 01 July 1994
Oncologic Outcomes and Survival in pT0 Tumors After Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Results from of a Large Multicenter International Collaborative Study
Authors: Morgan Rouprêt, Evanguelos Xylinas, Pierre Colin, Luis Kluth, Pierre Karakiewicz, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2012)
A cutaneous manifestation of intra-abdominal disease
Authors: L. Burland, B. L. Green
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 49 year old man presented to the emergency department with acute onset pain in the right upper quadrant and epigastric pain radiating to his back. Over the past 24-36 hours he had experienced nausea and vomiting as well as dark urine and pale stools, and he had developed several painful lumps on his abdomen and upper limbs. On examination his abdomen was soft but notably tender in the epigastrium and right upper quadrant, with no palpable intra-abdominal masses or organomegaly. Tender, erythematous, subcutaneous nodules were noted across the trunk and upper limbs. Blood tests on admission showed that he had deranged liver function tests, as well as a raised amylase (20.8 µkat/L; reference range <1.67) and C reactive protein (1181 nmol/L; <95). His full blood count and urea and electrolytes were normal. Urine analysis was positive for bilirubin and protein. Abdominal ultrasound showed a thick walled gallbladder containing several small calculi. Magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed a contracted gallbladder containing several stones (fig 1⇓), a common bile duct dilated to a maximal diameter of 6 mm with no visible stones or filling defects, and areas of likely subcutaneous fat necrosis throughout the abdominal wall and upper limbs. Fig 1 Magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram showing the descending duodenum (A), gallstones within the contracted gall bladder (B), a cystic duct (C), the right hepatic duct (D), left hepatic duct (E), common hepatic duct (F), and common bile duct (G)
Assessment of Intra-arterial Injected Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Distribution by Radioactive Labeling in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Patricia Lavatori Correa, Claudio T. Mesquita, Renata M. Felix, Jader C. Azevedo, Gustavo B. Barbirato, Carlos Henrique Falcão, Constantino Gonzalez, Maria Lucia Mendonça, Aquiles Manfrim, Gabriel de Freitas, Cristina C. Oliveira, Daniel Silva, Dione Ávila, Radovan Borojevic, Suzana Alves, Amarino C. Oliveira, Hans F. Dohmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of monitoring the autologous mononuclear bone marrow (ABMMN) cells implanted into the brain after acute ischemic stroke by the technique of labeling with Tc-99m-HMPAO. Case Report: A 37-year-old man presented with aphasia, right-side hypoesthesia, and right homonymous hemianopsia after an acute ischemic stroke of the left middle cerebral artery. He was included in an autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell-based therapy research protocol about the safety of intra-arterial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation for acute ischemic stroke. Nine days after the stroke he received 3.0 × 107 ABMMN cells delivered into the left cerebral middle artery via a balloon catheter. Approximately 1% of these cells were labeled with 150 MBq (4 mCi) Tc-99m by incubation with hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Results: Brain perfusion images with Tc-99m ECD demonstrated hypoperfusion in the left temporal and parietal regions. The perfusion brain images were compared with tomographic views of the brain obtained 8 hours after ABMMN-labeled cell delivery, revealing intense accumulation of the ABMMN-labeled cells in the ipsilateral hemisphere. A whole-body scan was done and showed left brain, liver, and spleen uptake. Conclusions: Our results showed that Tc-99m HMPAO can be used to label ABMMN cells for in vivo cell visualization, and that brain SPECT imaging with labeled ABMMN cells is a feasible noninvasive method for studying the fate of transplanted cells in vivo. Additionally, our findings demonstrate the localization of these intra-arterially injected cells.
Abstract P3-10-22: Prognostic Significance of Aurora Kinase A Expression in Three Cohorts of Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: M Schmidt, IB Petry, D Boehm, S Gebhard, A Lebrecht, H Koelbl, M Gehrmann, JG Hengstler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is important for cell cycle progression. Inhibitors that target AURKA are currently in clinical development. We examined the prognostic impact of AURKA in three cohorts of node-negative breast cancer patients without adjuvant systemic therapy (n=766). Methods: AURKA (probe set ID 204092_s_at) was analysed utilizing microarray based gene-expression data of three independent and previously published cohorts of node-negative breast cancer patients (Mainz, Rotterdam, TRANSBIG). In addition to AURKA, we examined the prognostic impact of age, histological grade, tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) was analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Results: AURKA displayed a strong positive correlation with grade (P&amp;lt;0.001), tumor size (P&amp;lt;0.001), HER2 (P&amp;lt;0.001), and a negative correlation with ER (P&amp;lt;0.001), respectively. Patients with higher expression of IGKC showed shorter MFS in the Mainz cohort (HR 1.629, 95% CI 1.243-2.134, P&amp;lt;0.001), Rotterdam cohort (HR 1.567, 95% CI 1.271-1.933, P&amp;lt;0.001), and TRANSBIG cohort (HR 1.331, 95% CI 1.081-1.640, p=0.007), respectively. Accordingly, AURKA was significant in univariate analysis in the whole cohort of patients (HR 1.523, 95% CI 1.343-1.726, P&amp;lt;0.001). Using multivariate Cox regression, only tumor size retained its independent prognostic significance (HR 1.818, 95% CI 1.196-2.765, p=0.005). AURKA (HR 1.221, 95% CI 0.987-1.511, p=0.065) and histological grade (HR 1.551, 95% CI 0.955-2.520, p=0.076) showed only borderline significance for MFS. Conclusion: AURKA has prognostic relevance in three independent cohorts of node-negative breast cancer patients making it a suitable target for therapy with Aurora kinase inhibitors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-22.
Measurement of Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs with Normal and Abnormal Myocardial Oxygenation and Function
Authors: THOMAS W. MOIR
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Common left coronary blood flow was measured simultaneously by a recording rotameter and by the Rb 86 chloride clearance method in anesthetized, open chest dogs, and compared over a wide range of flow rates and under conditions of both normal and abnormal myocardial oxygenation and function. Although the Rb 86 clearance method reflected the same directional changes as metered flow, a systematic underestimate was found which ranged from 27% at ischemic flow rates to 54% at hyperemic rates. Myocardial extraction studies supported the view that coronary flow rate and the resultant time that the isotope was in the capillary bed was the major determinant of the underestimate by the Rb 86 method even under conditions of myocardial hypoxia. It was concluded that the Rb 86 method gave an accurate estimate of directional change in coronary blood flow but that the magnitude of the underestimate of actual flow limits its use as a quantitative index.
Global Health Interdependence
Authors: Robert K. Crone
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Throughout much of their history, civilized countries have supported programs to improve the health care of people in developing regions of the world. In recent times, nations traditionally considered as "third world" have been the recipients of support in the form of direct medical care, supplies, equipment, and education from many different private and public sources as a matter of course. The recent economic and political events in Central and Eastern Europe and Asia have drastically changed how "third world" has been traditionally defined and has mobilized citizens of Western societies in unprecedented numbers to provide help to the peoples of both developing as well as<i>distressed</i>countries in new and meaningful ways. See also p 1441. One of the more notable failures of the former Soviet Union at the time of its dissolution was its health care system. The already undercapitalized medical infrastructure was suddenly dealt a nearly fatal
Expanding Treatment Options for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Mario A. Eisenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Prostate cancer is an androgen-receptor–dependent disease, and the blocking of androgen-receptor signaling is a hallmark of prostate-cancer therapeutics. Although most patients initially benefit from therapy involving deprivation of gonadal androgen, the disease eventually progresses after 12 to 48 months, depending on the disease burden, host factors, and inherent tumor biology. After progression, the disease evolves into a new clinically and molecularly heterogeneous state known as castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is invariably fatal.The clinical course of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has changed considerably, primarily because of factors such as earlier diagnosis, stage migration, and changes in practice patterns. Earlier initiation . . .