tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunization with HIV-1 gp41 Subunit Virosomes Induces Mucosal Antibodies Protecting Nonhuman Primates against Vaginal SHIV Challenges
Authors: Morgane Bomsel, Daniela Tudor, Anne-Sophie Drillet, Annette Alfsen, Yonatan Ganor, Marie-Gaëlle Roger, Nicolas Mouz, Mario Amacker, Anick Chalifour, Lorenzo Diomede, Gilles Devillier, Zhe Cong, Qiang Wei, Hong Gao, Chuan Qin, Gui-Bo Yang, Rinaldo Zurbriggen, Lucia Lopalco, Sylvain Fleury
Journal: Immunity (2011)
TCT-179 Safety and Efficacy of Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Zotarolimus-Eluting Stents for 3-year of Follow-Up in Real-World Practice
Authors: Young Jin Youn, Sung Gyun Ahn, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Structure and function of the cardiac sodium channels
Authors: J Balser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

The coincident cloning of the voltage-gated Na channel from the electric eel electroplax and development of patch–clamp methodology has allowed an explosive phase of investigation into the structural basis of cardiac Na channel function. Recognizing the importance of structural motifs that underlie gating (charged S4 segments, III–IV linker) and permeation (P-loops) have complemented new molecular information surrounding inherited cardiac arrhythmias, such as the chromosome 3-linked form of the long QT syndrome. Although the proarrhythmic potential recognized in the CAST trial [1] slowed the development of class I antiarrhythmic agents, our emerging understanding of the molecular pharmacology of Na channels may motivate strategies for Na-channel drug discovery that involve targeting particular structural domains.
ASCERTAINING THE SPLENIC INDEX AND THE MOSQUITO FOCUS FROM SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: SAMUEL T. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Schoolchildren can be utilized by the epidemiologist and the health officer not only in estimating the amount of malaria in a community, but also, at times, to reveal the source of the anophelines responsible for their infection. A striking demonstration of this was made at Sao Paulo, Brazil, in one of the field surveys made by the Instituto de Hygiene in cooperation with the International Health Board.  Health officers and plantation managers and employers of labor in regions where there is endemic malaria not only require an index of the degree of malaria, as affected by control measures, but also need to know where the dangerous breeding places are, for often money is wasted in efforts on places in which malaria-bearing anophelines do not propagate at all or in but small and unimportant numbers.  In the survey in question, the customary method of spleen examination was pursued, and blood specimens
Screening for Sickle-cell Disease
Authors: J. R. B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

E.B. virus, like other viruses, sometimes does produce lymphomas in animals.I would not be frightened by the prospect of developing infectious mononucleosis after E.B. virus in- oculation and I would discount the danger of developing a Burkitt tumour in the short span of life left to me.The question I would regard as of the utmost importance to me is whether, by E.B. virus inoculation, my tumour could be made once more drugsensitive.The answer to this question is un- known but could, like many another scienti- fic problem, be elucidated by being put to the test.-I am, etc.,
Stressful life events, social support, and mortality in men born in 1933.
Authors: A Rosengren, K Orth-Gomer, H Wedel, L Wilhelmsen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine relations between stressful life events and mortality in middle aged men. DESIGN--Prospective population study. Data on stressful life events, social network, occupation, and other psychosocial factors derived from self administered questionnaires. Mortality data obtained from official registers. SETTING--City of Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS--752 men from a random population sample of 1016 men aged 50. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Mortality from all causes during seven years9 follow up. RESULTS--Life events which had occurred in the year before the baseline examination were significantly associated with mortality from all causes during seven years9 follow up. Of the men who had experienced three or more events during the past year 10.9% had died compared with 3.3% among those with no life events (odds ratio 3.6; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 8.5). The association between recent life events and mortality remained true after smoking, self perceived health, occupational class, and indices of social support were controlled for. Many of the deaths were alcohol related, but the number of deaths was too small to allow for analyses of specific causes of death. The association between life events and mortality was evident only in men with low emotional support. CONCLUSION--Stressful life events are associated with high mortality in middle aged men. Men with adequate emotional support seem to be protected.
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is up-regulated by oncostatin M and participates in oncostatin M signaling
Authors: Stefan Vollmer, Valérie Kappler, Jakub Kaczor, Daniela Flügel, Catherine Rolvering, Nobuyuki Kato, Thomas Kietzmann, Iris Behrmann, Claude Haan
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The interleukin-6-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) acts via the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway as well as via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and is known to critically regulate processes such as liver development and regeneration, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis, which are also determined by hypoxia with the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha) as a key component. Here we show that treatment of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells with OSM leads to an increased protein level of HIF1alpha under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the OSM-dependent HIF1alpha increase is mediated via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. OSM-mediated HIF1alpha up-regulation did not result from an increase in HIF1alpha protein stability but from increased transcription from the HIF1alpha gene. In addition, we show that the OSM-induced HIF1alpha gene transcription and the resulting enhanced HIF1alpha protein levels are important for the OSM-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene induction associated with several diseases.HIF1alpha levels increase significantly after treatment of hepatocytes and hepatoma cells with OSM, and HIF1alpha contributes to OSM downstream signaling events, pointing to a cross-talk between cytokine and hypoxia signaling in processes such as liver development and regeneration.
Transplantation Hazards— Perils to Dermatologists
Authors: Hillard H. Pearlstein
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Modern technology has eliminated many cutaneous stigmata once seen on the skin of artisans and laborers. However, the physician of today is occasionally reminded of older occupations; in 1964 Leider and Golomb reported on the callosities of the fingertips and irritation of the skin over the clavicle and angle of the mandible in a violist.<sup>1</sup>In addition to reminders of older crafts, the physician will see stigmata relating to modern technology and then, only rarely, in a fellow physician. Pronounced calluses developed on the right thumb and index finger of a dermatologist actively engaged in the hair autograft technique who had performed hair transplants daily for several years. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 35-year-old white male dermatologist was observed with marked digital cornifications on the ventrolateral aspects of the middle and distal phalanges of the right index finger and on the ventral aspect of the distal
Giant Pulsatile Coronary Aneurysms Associated With Pulmonary Atresia With an Intact Ventricular Septum After a Fontan Procedure
Authors: Ichiro Sakamoto, Masao Takemoto, Michinobu Nagao, Kenichiro Yamamura, Ken-ichi Hiasa, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Time course of functional improvement in stunned myocardium in risk area in patients with reperfused anterior infarction.
Authors: H Ito, T Tomooka, N Sakai, Y Higashino, K Fujii, O Katoh, T Masuyama, A Kitabatake, T Minamino
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The beneficial effect of coronary reflow on myocardial salvage may be assessed more accurately than in previous studies if the size of risk area is taken into account, particularly because the size of risk area varies significantly among patients. In this study, the risk area was determined with myocardial contrast echocardiography to investigate the time course of functional recovery of postischemic myocardium within the risk area in patients with reperfused anterior myocardial infarction.The study population consisted of 21 patients with anterior myocardial infarction who achieved coronary reflow within 6 hours of onset by means of thrombolysis or coronary angioplasty. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed with the injection of hand-agitated Haemaccel (5 ml) into the right and left coronary arteries before coronary reflow, and the risk area was defined as the area of contrast perfusion defect in the apical long-axis view. The ratio of the endocardial length of abnormal contraction (dyskinesis/akinesis) segment to that of contrast defect segment (AS/CD) was determined at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 28 of reflow. Before reflow, the length of contrast defect correlated well with the segment length of dyskinesis/akinesis. The values for AS/CD in patients with successful reperfusion significantly and progressively decreased until day 14; 1.00 +/- 0.02 at day 1, 0.93 +/- 0.11 at day 2 (p < 0.05 versus day 1), 0.84 +/- 0.16 at day 3 (p < 0.05 versus day 2), 0.80 +/- 0.13 at day 7 (p < 0.01 versus day 2), 0.73 +/- 0.10 at day 14, and 0.72 +/- 0.10 at day 28. Greater improvement in function was obtained in patients reperfused within 4 hours than in those reperfused at > or = 4 hours (AS/CD at day 28, 0.64 +/- 0.12 versus 0.75 +/- 0.09, p < 0.05).Thus, a significant amount of myocardium, an average of 28% in segment length of the risk area, is salvaged in patients with reperfused anterior myocardial infarction. Major functional improvement seems to be achieved within 14 days of reflow.
Patient-centered medicine
Authors: C. A. Reyes-Ortiz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Patient-centered medicine is an ideal. However, there is not evolution toward this goal in several critical areas of medical practice. 1 Studies show that physicians communicate inadequately with both elderly and seriously ill patients. Brennan et al 2 reported that hospitalized elderly patients had the higher risk for negligence-related adverse events. The SUPPORT project 3 showed that physicians often failed to communicate with seriously ill hospitalized patients. In addition, physicians failed to incorporate patients' perspectives, and high technology was a risk to patients' quality of life. To improve the patient-physician relationship, we must change the physician.  One strategy is teaching countertransference to reduce the potential harmful effect and enhance the positive effect of the physician on the patient. Physicians often have not wanted to treat elderly patients, have ignored normal aging, and have failed to recognize their own aging process. 4 Learning about normal aging and being
Cost Expansion versus Cost Control — Lessons from the Canadian System
Authors: Junlin Liao, Kent Choi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The health care reform effort in the United States is driven by the desires for cost control and expanded coverage. However, as Daniel Callahan recently wrote, “cost controls that are likely to be politically acceptable will not be very effective, and what might be effective will not be acceptable.”1 Unlike cost savings, which are often elusive, cost increases resulting from coverage expansion are always a reality. Proponents of universal coverage tend to point to the health care systems of other industrialized countries, especially Canada's, as alternative models. We would argue that the adoption of an approach focused on expanded coverage . . .
Elevated TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes of weight-losing COPD patients.
Authors: I de Godoy, M Donahoe, W J Calhoun, J Mancino, R M Rogers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), have been associated with accelerated metabolism and protein turnover following exogenous administration in normal humans. We hypothesized that these inflammatory cytokines might contribute to the weight-losing process in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD patients were identified prospectively as "weight losers" (WL; n = 10) if they reported > 5% weight loss during the preceding year or as "weight stable" (WS; n = 10) if their body weight fluctuated < or = 5%. Age-matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group (C; n = 13). Monocytes were isolated from a peripheral blood sample, cultured, and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentration of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the monocyte supernatant was measured using a four layer enhanced ELISA. No significant difference in LPS-stimulated IL-1 beta production was found in the three study populations. However, LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production (mean [range] ng/ml) by monocytes was significantly higher in the WL COPD patients (20.2 [6.3 to 44.8]), compared with WS patients (6.9 [1.5 to 16.6]), and C subjects (5.7 [0 to 61.8]). This difference was not maintained at 6 mo follow-up in the absence of ongoing weight loss. Definition of a causal relationship between TNF-alpha production and weight loss will require further understanding of the relationship between energy metabolism and TNF-alpha production in these patients.
Inherited hyperammonemia: An algorithm for diagnosis
Authors: Mark L. Batshaw
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Twenty-two patients with inherited hyperammonemic syndromes are presented. These patients represent 22 different families. The diagnosis was based mainly on family history, blood ammonium levels, acid base balance, urinary orotic acid, urinary and plasma amino acids and organic acids. The final diagnosis was confirmed by determination of liver enzyme activity. In 12 patients (54%), the first clinical manifestations were noticed after the neonatal period; 7 patients (31%) were diagnosed after infancy, and 8 (23%) after the age of 8 years. Two patients who represent the late-onset group of inherited hyperammonemic syndromes are presented in detail. The three most common diagnoses were ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency, and lysinuric protein intolerance, which comprised 59% of the diagnosed patients. Our data, based on one of the largest series reported, reveal a relatively large percentage of late-onset inherited hyperammonemic syndromes as compared with previous reports.
"Jacket" Respirator for the Treatment of Poliomyelitis
Authors: A. F. Burstall
Journal: BMJ (1938)

When an epidemic of poliomyelitis, in which the nerves of the respiratory muscles were severely attacked, occurred in Victoria in 1937 1 was called upon to assist in the local manufacture of respirators, which were required quickly and in large numbers.At the beginning of the outbreak, in May, there were two cabinet type respirators in Victoria-one at the Queen's Memorial Hospital for Infectious Diseases at Fairfield, manufactuLred by the Drinker Company, and the other at the Children's Hos- pital, Melbourne, bLiilt by the Acme Vacuum Cleaner Company with the collaboration of a hospital at Toronto.The latter respirator was purchased in Canada for the Children's Hospital by Dame Jean Macnamara in 1935, with a view to its being reproduLced if an epidemic made it necessary.
Levosimendan Enhances Force Generation of Diaphragm Muscle from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Hieronymus W. H. van Hees, P. N. Richard Dekhuijzen, Leo M. A. Heunks
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Levosimendan is clinically used to improve myocardial contractility by enhancing calcium sensitivity of force generation. The effects of levosimendan on skeletal muscle contractility are unknown. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from diaphragm weakness, which is associated with decreased calcium sensitivity.To investigate the effects of levosimendan on contractility of diaphragm fibers from patients with COPD.Muscle fibers were isolated from diaphragm biopsies obtained from thoracotomized patients with and without COPD (both groups n = 5, 10 fibers per patient). Diaphragm fibers were skinned and activated with solutions containing incremental calcium concentrations and 10 microM levosimendan or vehicle (0.02% dimethyl sulfoxide). Developed force was measured at each step and force versus calcium concentration relationships were derived. Results were grouped per myosin heavy chain isoform, which was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).At sub-maximal activation levosimendan improved force generation of COPD and non-COPD diaphragm fibers by approximately 25%, both in slow and fast fibers. Levosimendan increased calcium sensitivity of force generation (P < 0.01) in both slow and fast diaphragm fibers from patients with and without COPD, without affecting maximal force generation.Levosimendan enhances force generating capacity of diaphragm fibers from patients with and without COPD patients by increasing calcium sensitivity of force generation. These results provide a strong rationale for testing the effect of calcium sensitizers on respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Sven J. van den Hazel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 June 1997Antibiotic Prophylaxis before Endoscopic Retrograde CholangiopancreatographySven J. van den Hazel, MD, PhD, Peter Speelman, MD, PhD, and Dirk J. van Leeuwen, MD, PhDSven J. van den Hazel, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1105 AZUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Search for more papers by this author, Peter Speelman, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1105 AZUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Search for more papers by this author, and Dirk J. van Leeuwen, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1105 AZUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the comments of Drs. Byl and Deviere and do not disagree with their suggestion that the “inadvertent” use of antibiotics after ERCP may have masked some cases of cholangitis. However, the primary question addressed in our study was related to the need for antibiotic prophylaxis before ERCP in patients who have a low preprocedure risk for cholangitis after ERCP because they have conditions in which satisfactory drainage is usually obtained (such as distal common bile duct obstruction due to cancer or gallstone disease). Our study showed that the routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sven J. van den Hazel, MD, PhD; Peter Speelman, MD, PhD; Dirk J. van Leeuwen, MD, PhDAffiliations: Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1105 AZUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 12Page: 1001-1002KeywordsAntibiotic prophylaxisAntibioticsBile ductsEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF TRANSIENT HEMIPLEGIA
Authors: HOWARD W. FLEMING
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Transient hemiplegias are most often encountered in the aged and the sclerotic. The usual explanation of such an occurrence is that there has been a vessel spasm causing a temporary localized cerebral anemia (Langwill,<sup>1</sup>Edgeworth,<sup>2</sup>Heard,<sup>3</sup>Osler,<sup>4</sup>Allan,<sup>5</sup>Russell<sup>6</sup>and Parker<sup>7</sup>). There are facts supporting such a possibility, but also many points which make it seem unlikely and an unsatisfactory explanation. In support of the theory of vessel spasm, vasomotor nerves have been noted in cerebral vessels and cerebral arteries show muscular tissue. Certain clinical reports give presumptive evidence in support of vessel spasm as a possibility. Osler reports an instance in an individual with Raynaud's disease in whom vessel spasm in the extremities with characteristic manifestations alternated with transient cerebral attacks. The ophthalmologists report spasm of retinal arteries in certain cases of migraine. Florey<sup>8</sup>in recent work has demonstrated that cerebral
Computers in gastroenterology
Authors: D. Wingate
Journal: Gut (1988)

an important predisposing factor, but that progres- sive oesophageal mucosal damage may exacerbate the problem, thus establishing a vicious cycle.Fortunately, this latter component appears to be reversible by effective reflux control.In these circum- stances, the association of reflux oesophagitis, not only with abnormalities of oesophageal body motility, but also with impaired gastric emptying' and duo- denogastric reflux7 suggests that gastrooesophageal reflux may well be part of a diffuse upper gastro- intestinal motility disorder.
Nef Proteins of Epidemic HIV-1 Group O Strains Antagonize Human Tetherin
Authors: Silvia F. Kluge, Katharina Mack, Shilpa S. Iyer, François M. Pujol, Anke Heigele, Gerald H. Learn, Shariq M. Usmani, Daniel Sauter, Simone Joas, Dominik Hotter, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Lindsey J. Plenderleith, Martine Peeters, Matthias Geyer, Paul M. Sharp, Oliver T. Fackler, Beatrice H. Hahn, Frank Kirchhoff
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)