tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5572: Prognostic significance of TS, TK, OPRT and DPD activities in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yoichi Mizutani, Hiroshi Uehara, Yutaka Fujisue, Shizuko Takagi, Takeshi Nishida, Teruo Inamoto, Takanobu Ubai, Hayahito Nomi, Haruhito Azuma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) are the key enzymes in the de novo and salvage DNA synthetic process, respectively. Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) plays an important role in the de novo pathway of DNA and RNA synthesis. In contrast, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a key enzyme involved in degradation of DNA and RNA. We examined the activities of TS, TK, OPRT and DPD in 83 renal cell carcinomas and normal kidneys and evaluated the clinical significance. Methods: TS, TK, OPRT and DPD activities in non-fixed fresh frozen renal cell carcinomas and normal kidneys were determined enzymatically by the FdUMP binding assay, the DEAE cellulose disc method, the 5-FU phosphorylation assay and the 5-FU degradation assay, respectively. Results: TS activity was 5-fold higher in renal cell carcinoma compared to normal kidney. TS activity in Stage III/IV renal cell carcinoma was 3-fold higher than that in Stage I/II renal cell carcinoma. In addition, the level of TS activity in Grade 3 renal cell carcinoma was 2-fold higher than that in Grade 1 and Grade 2 carcinomas. TK activity was approximately 4-fold higher in normal kidney compared with renal cell carcinoma. TK activity in Stage IV renal cell carcinoma was 2-fold higher than that in Stage I-III renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, the level of TK activity in Grade 3 renal cell carcinoma was 2-fold higher than that in Grade 1 and Grade 2 carcinomas. OPRT activity was approximately 7-fold higher in renal cell carcinoma compared to normal kidney. OPRT activity in Stage III/IV renal cell carcinoma was 2-fold higher than that in Stage I/II renal cell carcinoma. The level of OPRT activity in Grade 3 renal cell carcinoma was 3-fold higher than those in Grade 1 and Grade 2 carcinomas. DPD activity was approximately 2-fold higher in normal kidney compared to renal cell carcinoma. The higher stage and grade of renal cell carcinoma was, the lower DPD activity was observed. The level of OPRT activity correlated with those of TS and TK activities. However, DPD activity was not associated with TS activity. High TS, TK, OPRT activities and low DPD activity predicted worse prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma.Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated that TS, TK, OPRT and DPD activities in renal cell carcinoma correlated with the stage/grade status of renal cell carcinoma. In addition, the levels of TS, TK, OPRT and DPD activities were prognostic parameters in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5572. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5572
Colonic fermentation of complex carbohydrates in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Authors: D M Bradburn, J C Mathers, A Gunn, J Burn, P D Chapman, I D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1993)

Decreased production of butyric acid by colonic carbohydrate fermentation may predispose to colonic carcinogenesis, with the implicit assumption that the decrease in faecal butyrate found predates the development of the tumour. The influence of the genetic predisposition to colonic tumours and the presence of colonic polyps on in vitro fermentation of carbohydrates was examined. Stool samples from 11 normal controls and 20 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were incubated anaerobically with a range of carbohydrates. Fermentation patterns were similar for glucose and raffinose. These sugars produced different short chain fatty acid (SCFA) patterns from the two polysaccharides, starch and arabinogalactan, which differed one from the other. The FAP gene carriers with polyps produced less butyrate than normal controls (p &lt; 0.005) and gene carriers without polyps (p &lt; 0.05). There were corresponding decreases in the molar ratios of butyrate. Gene carriers without polyps produced less absolute amounts of acetate than normal controls (p &lt; 0.05) and slightly less total SCFAs (p &lt; 0.05) but were otherwise not significantly different. The decreased production of butyrate noted by other workers may be secondary to the tumours rather than a contributory cause.
A Surgeon's Travels
Authors: Z. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Objective</h3> Protracted international conflict has seen escalating numbers of displaced and resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugees, raising concerns for their health and well-being. This paper describes the demographic and clinical profiles of recently resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugee children and adolescents across physical, psychosocial, developmental and educational domains using standardised multidisciplinary assessments. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken of initial specialist paediatric multidisciplinary Refugee Health Service assessments completed at the tertiary paediatric hospital (Western Australia) between June 2015 and September 2019. <h3>Results</h3> Three hundred and twenty-seven children and adolescents (264 Syrian, 63 Iraqi) were assessed following resettlement. Witnessed trauma (86%) and disclosed adversity (median Refugee Adverse Childhood Experiences score 3, range 1–14) were universally high. Almost all patients had health issues identified across physical (99%), psychosocial (76%) and developmental/educational (75%) domains. Interrupted education (65%) and death of a family member (16%) were significantly associated with psychological morbidities. Common comorbidities included dental caries (78%), non-infectious disease (76%), vitamin D deficiency (72%), malnutrition (46%; overweight/obesity 23%), and psychological (32%; post-traumatic stress disorder 4.3%) and developmental (9.5%) concerns. Emerging and alarming child protection concerns were prevalent (17%), with females demonstrating especially high risks. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the largest comprehensive study demonstrating the complex and cross-dimensional health needs and specific vulnerabilities of resettled Syrian and Iraqi refugee children and adolescents. Early comprehensive standardised multidisciplinary paediatric assessments, and culturally safe, trauma-informed interventions and follow-up are required to optimise resettlement outcomes and promote well-being.
Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma. a physiologic cause for "choking" during athletic activities.
Authors: E R McFadden, D K Zawadski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Exercise-induced bronchospasm is a common clinical problem that is particularly troubling for patients who engage in strenuous physical activity, such as athletes. When such individuals develop this condition, the associated airway narrowing can materially interfere with performance; however, events other than asthma can also produce these symptoms and their differentiation is essential for proper treatment. The present report describes seven elite athletes with psychogenic vocal cord dysfunction who presented with acute dyspnea during sporting competitions. Although the combination of exertion and wheezing suggested the diagnosis of exercise-induced asthma, the patients' histories were sufficiently unique so as to represent a recognizable syndrome. The patients underwent clinical physiologic evaluations including bronchoprovocations with isocapnic hyperventilation of frigid air, methacholine and/or exercise. Direct laryngoscopy was also performed in some subjects. The findings that differentiated these patients from asthmatics were a lack of consistency in the development of symptoms when exposed to identical stimuli, the onset of breathing difficulties during exercise, and poor therapeutic and prophylactic responses to anti-asthma medications. The clinical impression of a functional disorder was confirmed by bronchoprovocations that demonstrated the variable extrathoracic airway obstruction of vocal cord dysfunction. Patients with atypical exertional complaints require careful clinical and physiologic evaluation. The mere association of exercise and airway obstruction is not sufficient to establish the diagnosis of asthma.
Maternal nutrition, breast feeding, and contraception.
Authors: J Dobbing
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Breastfeedings contraceptive action is accomplished by the inhibition of ovulation by raised amounts of prolactin in the circulation.  This contraceptive effect although inefficient is a crucial element in the demography of poor populations where sustained lactation is the norm.  In such societies lactation is usually terminated by the conception of the next child.  Thus breastfeeding is an inadequate contraceptive by itself.  The author suggests that chronic maternal malnutrition during prolonged lactation may contribute to the delay in ovulation.  The kind of study needed to confirm the effect of malnutrition on ovulation would have to combine specificity of nutritional intake suckling frequency blood prolactin activities lactational and reproductive performance and infant growth and development.  All of these elements have not yet been combined into the same project.  Nearest to this type of study are surveys of women in a village in the Gambia whose diets were supplemented.  There was little effect on lactation probably because supplementation from birth onwards is not as effective as prenatal supplementation.  However the circulating prolactin activities were altered comparable to levels of women in developed countries.  This study also shows substantially earlier ovulation in dietarily supplemented mothers inferred from changes in the circulating concentrations of estradiol and progesterone.  The study concludes that there is a real risk that improving the diet of malnourished lactating women can cause a shortening of birth intervals and birth rate increases.  It seems that prolonged breastfeeding by women in developing countries while possibly being beneficial for the babies must be coupled with nutritional improvement of the mothers and a contraceptive method that is less damaging.
Abstract A16: Thrombin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via mediating osteopontin-dependent tumor growth and adhesion activity
Authors: Yu-Hua Xue, Xiao-Fei Zhang, Qiong-Zhu Dong, Qing-Hai Ye, Lun-Xiu Qin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In our previous study, osteopontin (OPN) was identified as one of the leading genes that promote the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a potential therapeutic target for HCC metastasis. The serine protease thrombin can interact with OPN and modify its biologic activity. To explore the role of thrombin alone or collaborating with OPN in HCC, we investigated the thrombin level and its correlation to the prognosis of 72 HCCs with different OPN backgrounds using real-time PCR and Western blot, and evaluated the effects of OPN fragments formed by thrombin cleavage on in vitro proliferation and adhesion of HCC cells. We found that the expression level of thrombin was positively related to the metastatic potentials of HCC cell lines, and was remarkably overexpressed in HCCs compared with the adjacent nontumor tissues. In addition, HCC tissues from patients with recurrent disease displayed much higher thrombin levels, particularly in those with OPN overexpressed. In the immunohistochemical study of 230 HCCs, only in those with a higher OPN level, a significant association was found between the higher thrombin level and the overall survival (OS; P &amp;lt; 0.01) and time to recurrence (TTR; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) of patients. Assays in vitro demonstrated that thrombin could promote the proliferation and adhesion of OPN+ HCC cells. And N-terminal of OPN showed better effects on the proliferation and adhesion abilities of HCC cells than the intact protein. Thrombin treatment could activate FAK pathway of OPN+ HCC cells, and this activation was blocked by the inhibition of integrin β1. Conclusions: Thrombin plays an important role in OPN-mediated aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of HCC, which may be through the activation of the integrin β1 -FAK signaling. So, thrombin might be a potential therapeutic target to combat HCC progression in thrombin+/OPN+ patients. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A16.
One-week therapy with oral terbinafine in cases of tinea cruris/corporis
Authors: A. FARAG, M. TAHA, S. HALIM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article One‐week therapy with oral terbinafine in cases of tinea cruris/corporis Get access A. FARAG, A. FARAG Department of Dermatology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Egypt Dr A.Farag, 188, EI Nozha Street, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11361, Egypt. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. TAHA, M. TAHA Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. HALIM S. HALIM Sandoz Scientific Office, Cairo, Egypt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 684–686, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04983.x Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Accepted: 14 January 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Richard Jordan Gatling, M.D.
Authors: Edward Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

AMONG historians there may be some dispute whether Richard Gatling, M.D., the inventor of the machine gun known by his name, was a doctor afield or an inventor afield. However, in Dr. Gatling's mind there was no question. Although he was thirty years old before he entered medical school and never actually practiced the healing art, he was ever afterward, by personal preference, known and addressed as "Doctor." In military textbooks and popular magazines, as far back as Harper's Weekly of 1898 and as recent as Life of 1955, references to his name are invariably prefixed by his medical title . . .
Doctors have no time for alcohol screening.
Authors: N Rowland, A Maynard, A Beveridge, P Kennedy, W Wintersgill, W Stone
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Alcohol and death certification: a survey of current practice and attitudes Official estimates ofall deaths from cirrhosis in England and Wales are lower than those in other countries with similar levels of alcohol consumption.'In addition, officially recorded death rates from alcoholic cirrhosis appear lower than rates suggested by results of clinical surveys.2These discrepancies are thought to be due largely to underrecording on death certificates, perhaps to avoid the statutory obligation (waived in July 1984) to report deaths related to alcohol to the coroner.3We have examined the recording of alcohol abuse on death certificates and factors influencing such recording. Methods and resultsAll 125 death certificates signed by the 43 preregistration housemen at Middlesex and University College Hospitals over a three month period were examined.Those with a diagnosis in which alcohol may have been aetiologically important (n=40) were selected for review of the case notes (table).Thirty eight case notes were available and were reviewed (a) to establish the accuracy of certification with special reference to alcohol and (b) to assess the adequacy of the history of alcohol consumption recorded.Diagnoses on death certificates selected for review of case notes DiagnosisNo of cases Cirrhosis of the liver (two patients certified as alcoholic) 4 Carcinoma of the tongue 2 Carcinoma of the oesophagus
Spironolactone reverses myocyte disarray and interestitial fibrosis in the cardiac troponin T transgenic mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rainikant Patel, Shintaro Nemoto, Gilberto DeFreitas, Tripti Halder, Silvia Lutucuta, Natalia Tsyboulev, Lorraine Salek, Robert Roberts, Blase Carabello, Ali J. Marian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mutations in Krüppel-like factor 1 cause transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia and persistence of embryonic globin gene expression
Authors: Vip Viprakasit, Supachai Ekwattanakit, Suchada Riolueang, Nipon Chalaow, Chris Fisher, Karen Lower, Hitoshi Kanno, Kalaya Tachavanich, Sasithorn Bejrachandra, Jariya Saipin, Monthana Juntharaniyom, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Voravarn S. Tanphaichitr, Duantida Songdej, Christian Babbs, Richard J. Gibbons, Sjaak Philipsen, Douglas R. Higgs
Journal: Blood (2014)
Extreme weather worsens global hunger
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

As Britain is been buffeted by freak weather events, from Boscastle in Cornwall to the Scottish highlands, the UN World Food Programme warns that weather related disasters worldwide are having a devastating impact on global hunger.



Extreme weather and other natural disasters, from the locust plague in west Africa to freezing weather in Peru, are presenting unique challenges, says the World Food Programme, already overstretched by the crisis in Darfur.

“Our people on the ground are struggling to combat the effects of these disasters on millions of hungry people,” states John Powell, the programme's deputy executive …
Tumor burden influences exposure and response to rituximab: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling using a syngeneic bioluminescent murine model expressing human CD20
Authors: David Daydé, David Ternant, Marc Ohresser, Stéphanie Lerondel, Sabrina Pesnel, Hervé Watier, Alain Le Pape, Pierre Bardos, Gilles Paintaud, Guillaume Cartron
Journal: Blood (2008)
Assessment of atopic eczema: clinical scoring and noninvasive measurements
Authors: E.A. Holm, H.C. Wulf, L. Thomassen, G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Clinical scoring systems are widely used in clinical trials of atopic eczema (AE), while noninvasive methods are more often used for research purposes. Positive correlations between the two types of methods may be used in support of the validity of both in a clinical context. Few studies are available of the association between clinical scores and instrumental assessment of disease severity obtained with noninvasive instruments.To compare clinical scores in AE with biometric data in AE.Transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, erythema, scaling and subepidermal oedema were measured. 'Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD)', 'Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI)' and 'Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index (ADSI)' were used for clinical scores. Two assessments at 6-month intervals at the antecubital fossa, dorsal forearm and popliteal fossa in 101 patients with AE and 30 controls were carried out.Significant correlations were found within the clinical scores (P < 0.0001 and r = 0.85-0.91) and between instruments and clinical scores (P < 0.0001 and r = 0.61-0.79).The various instruments and clinical scores showed internal agreement and noninvasive methods correlated significantly with the three different clinical scorings systems. This observation suggests that both methods provide data of clinical (scores) and biological (instrumental measures) relevance, and may be useful in future studies of AE. It is speculated that combined measures including scores and selected instruments may be particularly useful.
Letter: Chronic peritoneal dialysis for diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: M J Blumenkrantz, J E Bailey, M Yaron, J W Cburn
Journal: BMJ (1976)

frequently be avoided if the subjects show the fixity of purpose described here; their determination to minimise the wind-chill factor (by digging a substantial snow cave) and to overcome the urge to sleep undoubtedly prevented a serious outcome for this party, which carried no specific equip- ment to spend a night out near the summit of Everest.
A Colour Atlas of Physical Signs in General Medicine
Authors: R. A Wood
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Bacteria were isolated from 19·6% of left atrial catheter tips from open-heart surgical patients when incubation of the culture was prolonged to eight days and the prophylactic antibiotic given to the patient (flucloxacillin) was specifically neutralised with beta-lactamase. This compares with the previous estimate of 9·9% when a standard culture method was employed. Additionally, diphtheroid organisms were recovered from left atrial catheter tips using this new technique.
THE PERSEUS WORKHORSE RANDOMIZED TRIAL OF THE NOVEL PLATINUM-CHROMIUM THIN-STRUT TAXUS ELEMENT PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT VERSUS THE TAXUS EXPRESS STENT IN DE NOVO CORONARY STENOSES
Authors: Louis A. Cannon, Dean J. Kereiakes, Ira M. Dauber, Michael W. Ball, Ameer Kabour, Manu Sondhi, Keith D. Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A critical role of IL-17 in modulating the B-cell response during H5N1 influenza virus infection
Authors: Xiaohui Wang, Chris CS Chan, Min Yang, Jun Deng, Vincent KM Poon, Virtual HC Leung, King-Hung Ko, Jie Zhou, Kwok Yung Yuen, Bo-Jian Zheng, Liwei Lu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2011)
Maintenance drugs to treat opioid dependence
Authors: M. Farrell, A. Wodak, L. Gowing
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 39 year old woman started injecting heroin when she was 18 but soon found she could not control her drug intake or her life in general. At age 30, she sought help and did well with methadone treatment, taking no illicit drugs for three years. However, she then relapsed to heroin use and spent a year in prison, where she continued to inject heroin. After being released, she went to a residential rehabilitation centre. Subsequently in the community her general practitioner started her on buprenorphine. Her life became more stable. She did well with buprenorphine treatment for a few years but restarted injecting heroin after stopping buprenorphine. She restarted buprenorphine and now takes no non-prescribed medication. She works as a waitress and lives with her non-drug using partner.

This article is intended for practitioners who occasionally manage patients with opioid dependence. Methadone, a mu opioid agonist, and buprenorphine, a partial agonist, are the main drug treatments for dependence on opioids (which include heroin, morphine, and oxycodone, as well as the other pharmaceutical opioids1 2) for detoxification, maintenance, and ultimately abstinence. Treatment with maintenance goals is referred to as opioid substitution treatment or opioid agonist pharmacotherapy.3 Such treatment is reserved for patients with clearly established opioid dependence and prolonged daily opioid use (by either smoking or injecting). In some countries the combination of buprenorphine and naloxone is preferred (and is now becoming available as a film taken sublingually). Prescription heroin, known in the United Kingdom as heroin assisted treatment or injectable opiate treatment, is used in some countries but is not discussed in this article.4 5 6 Naltrexone blocks the effects of heroin on the mu receptor,2 but oral naltrexone treatment has had low adherence and high discontinuity rates.7 8 Use of naltrexone in the …
Radiation Therapy of Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: John D. Reeves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THROUGHOUT most of the medical world radiation therapy is the treatment of choice in carcinoma of the cervix.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 In a few centers the surgical approach is being re-evaluated with a view to ascertaining whether modern technics have reduced the excessive morbidity and mortality that prohibited the use of surgery in the past. Although the results of surgery in early cases have compared favorably with those of radiation, these results were obtained in highly selected cases, and no comparable series of radiation-treated patients exists. There is every reason to expect that if a comparable series were studied, the results of radiation . . .