tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology and Biological Efficacy of a Recombinant, Humanized, Single-Chain Antibody C5 Complement Inhibitor in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Jane C. K. Fitch, Scott Rollins, Louis Matis, Bernadette Alford, Sary Aranki, Charles D. Collard, Michael Dewar, John Elefteriades, Roberta Hines, Gary Kopf, Philip Kraker, Lan Li, Ruth O’Hara, Christine Rinder, Henry Rinder, Richard Shaw, Brian Smith, Gregory Stahl, Stanton K. Shernan
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory response that causes substantial clinical morbidity. Activation of complement during CPB contributes significantly to this inflammatory process. We examined the capability of a novel therapeutic complement inhibitor to prevent pathological complement activation and tissue injury in patients undergoing CPB. Methods and Results —A humanized, recombinant, single-chain antibody specific for human C5, h5G1.1-scFv, was intravenously administered in 1 of 4 doses ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/kg before CPB. h5G1.1-scFv was found to be safe and well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a sustained half-life from 7.0 to 14.5 hours. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of complement hemolytic activity for up to 14 hours at 2 mg/kg. The generation of proinflammatory complement byproducts (sC5b-9) was effectively inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Leukocyte activation, as measured by surface expression of CD11b, was reduced ( P &lt;0.05) in patients who received 1 and 2 mg/kg. There was a 40% reduction in myocardial injury (creatine kinase–MB release, P =0.05) in patients who received 2 mg/kg. Sequential Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) demonstrated an 80% reduction in new cognitive deficits ( P &lt;0.05) in patients treated with 2 mg/kg. Finally, there was a 1-U reduction in postoperative blood loss ( P &lt;0.05) in patients who received 1 or 2 mg/kg. Conclusions —A single-chain antibody specific for human C5 is a safe and effective inhibitor of pathological complement activation in patients undergoing CPB. In addition to significantly reducing sC5b-9 formation and leukocyte CD11b expression, C5 inhibition significantly attenuates postoperative myocardial injury, cognitive deficits, and blood loss. These data suggest that C5 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing complement-mediated inflammation and tissue injury.
Massive Subaponeurotic Haemorrhage in Infants Born by Vacuum Extraction
Authors: G. L. Ahuja, M. L. N. Willoughby, M. M. Kerr, J. H. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Nine out of 232 infants on whom the vacuum extractor was employed developed subaponeurotic haemorrhage and two of these infants died. In a further 78 infants born by vacuum extraction, all of whom received intramuscular vitamin K<sub>1</sub>, four sustained subaponeurotic haemorrhage and one died. This type of haemorrhage was not encountered in over 12,000 infants born by other methods. Its relationship to vacuum extraction was found to be significantly more frequent when the thrombotest level was 10% or below of normal adult activity. It is suggested that infants born by vacuum extraction and with a thrombotest level of 10% or below might be protected from subaponeurotic haemorrhage by the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.
Bargaining for Life: A Social History of Tuberculosis, 1876-1938
Authors: Daniel Leigh Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A history of the medical and social approach to the problem of tuberculosis at a time when the disease was poorly understood and society was threatened with an epidemic of major proportions is a daunting challenge for identifying of resources and analyzing multiple types of information. Questions about the proper role of society in dealing with the concepts of care and welfare, while developing new ideas about health and hygiene, demand a wide breadth of information. An inquiry into the views of patients about their own disease and care is especially difficult. Dr Bates has managed to do all of these and more by presenting a microcosm of the medical, institutional, and social responses to "consumption" in Philadelphia and to a lesser extent in Pennsylvania generally, based largely on the correspondence and records of one major physician, Dr Lawrence Flick. By this approach, Dr Bates has illuminated the quandary that
OVOL2 is a critical regulator of ER71/ETV2 in generating FLK1+, hematopoietic, and endothelial cells from embryonic stem cells
Authors: Ju Young Kim, Ra Ham Lee, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wook Kim, Young-Joo Jeon, Sung-Ho Huh, Se-Yeong Oh, Michael Kyba, Hiroshi Kataoka, Kyunghee Choi, David M. Ornitz, Jung-Il Chae, Changwon Park
Journal: Blood (2014)
III. METHOD FOR DETECTING POLIOMYELITIC VIRUS IN SEWAGE AND STOOLS
Authors: Sven Card
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. The active agent in sewage and aqueous suspensions of human stools, capable of producing poliomyelitis in rhesus monkeys after intraperitoneal inoculation, can be precipitated by 50 per cent saturation with ammonium sulfate, and no loss of activity seems to occur during this procedure. 2. The precipitated virus is not consistently "redissolvable" in water. 3. By precipitation and subsequent dialysis of the precipitate, a preparation is obtained which may be smaller in volume, and is less toxic for monkeys, than was the original material. 4. The procedure can be applied in tests on the infectivity of stools, and sewage specimens.
Nuclear Role of WASp in the Pathogenesis of Dysregulated T <sub>H</sub> 1 Immunity in Human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: Matthew D. Taylor, Sanjoy Sadhukhan, Ponnappa Kottangada, Archana Ramgopal, Koustav Sarkar, Sheryl D’Silva, Annamalai Selvakumar, Fabio Candotti, Yatin M. Vyas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Nuclear role for WASp in T-BET transcription.
Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis and Investigation of Endocrine Function
Authors: A. R. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Material prepared from taped lectures by more than 30 clinicians for a University of California postgraduate course forms the basis of this compact handbook of endocrinology. Updated ten years after the original publication, the second edition outlines methods of testing various functions of each organ, including appropriate indications and interpretations. Since the contributors in many cases summarize their own research work, the chapters cover the biochemical principles both accurately and authoritatively. The practical applications for diagnostic investigation provide essential expertise for a well-rounded internist, and apply to every specialty field in which he consults, but are often too complex for the general practitioner. One must understand the feedback systems operating in normal pituitary and adrenal function before he may assess the pathological changes in disease. Unfortunately, the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency, exogenous corticoid administration for therapeutic purposes, is hardly mentioned. The academic professors would render both patients and
Ablation of Cbl-b provides protection against transplanted and spontaneous tumors
Authors: Jeffrey Y. Chiang, Ihn Kyung Jang, Richard Hodes, Hua Gu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

A significant challenge to efforts aimed at inducing effective antitumor immune responses is that CD8(+) T cells, which play a prominent role in these responses, may be unable to respond to tumors that lack costimulatory signals and that are protected by an immune suppressive environment such as that mediated by TGF-beta produced by tumor cells themselves or by infiltrating Tregs, often resulting in tolerance or anergy of tumor-specific T cells. Here we show that the in vitro activation of Cblb(-/-) CD8(+) T cells does not depend on CD28 costimulation and is resistant to TGF-beta suppression. In vivo studies further demonstrated that Cblb(-/-) mice, but not WT controls, efficiently rejected inoculated E.G7 and EL4 lymphomas that did not express B7 ligands and that introduction of the Cblb(-/-) mutation into tumor-prone ataxia telangiectasia mutated-deficient mice markedly reduced the incidence of spontaneous thymic lymphomas. Immunohistological study showed that E.G7 tumors from Cblb(-/-) mice contained massively infiltrating CD8(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer of purified Cblb(-/-) CD8(+) T cells into E.G7 tumor-bearing mice led to efficient eradication of established tumors. Thus, our data indicate that ablation of Cbl-b can be an efficient strategy for eliciting immune responses against both inoculated and spontaneous tumors.
Impact of peer review on reports of randomised trials published in open peer review journals: retrospective before and after study
Authors: S. Hopewell, G. S. Collins, I. Boutron, L.-M. Yu, J. Cook, M. Shanyinde, R. Wharton, L. Shamseer, D. G. Altman
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effectiveness of open peer review as a mechanism to improve the reporting of randomised trials published in biomedical journals. <b>Design</b> Retrospective before and after study. <b>Setting</b> BioMed Central series medical journals. <b>Sample</b> 93 primary reports of randomised trials published in <i>BMC</i>-series medical journals in 2012. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Changes to the reporting of methodological aspects of randomised trials in manuscripts after peer review, based on the CONSORT checklist, corresponding peer reviewer reports, the type of changes requested, and the extent to which authors adhered to these requests. <b>Results</b> Of the 93 trial reports, 38% (n=35) did not describe the method of random sequence generation, 54% (n=50) concealment of allocation sequence, 50% (n=46) whether the study was blinded, 34% (n=32) the sample size calculation, 35% (n=33) specification of primary and secondary outcomes, 55% (n=51) results for the primary outcome, and 90% (n=84) details of the trial protocol. The number of changes between manuscript versions was relatively small; most involved adding new information or altering existing information. Most changes requested by peer reviewers had a positive impact on the reporting of the final manuscript—for example, adding or clarifying randomisation and blinding (n=27), sample size (n=15), primary and secondary outcomes (n=16), results for primary or secondary outcomes (n=14), and toning down conclusions to reflect the results (n=27). Some changes requested by peer reviewers, however, had a negative impact, such as adding additional unplanned analyses (n=15). <b>Conclusion</b> Peer reviewers fail to detect important deficiencies in reporting of the methods and results of randomised trials. The number of these changes requested by peer reviewers was relatively small. Although most had a positive impact, some were inappropriate and could have a negative impact on reporting in the final publication.
Consumer watchdog criticises pharmacy staff
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A report by the British consumer watchdog guide Which? has found that half of the staff of pharmacies in a survey sold the wrong drugs or did not give the correct advice to customers. The wrong drug was sold 14 out of 30 times—in six of the 14 cases, claims Which?, this was despite the pharmacists having the necessary information to know that …
Malaria Transmission by Platelet Concentrate Transfusion
Authors: Mark D. Garfield
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MALARIA is a well-recognized complication of transfusion therapy that is being encountered with increasing frequency in nonmalarious areas of the world.1Most cases have derived from administration of infected whole blood or packed RBCs,1-3but reports have also implicated leukocyte concentrates4and even fresh plasma.5-7Platelet concentrates have been ascribed as the source of one case of transfusion malaria8; however, neither confirmatory data nor clinical details were provided. We report a well-documented case ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria transmitted by platelet concentrate transfusion.  Report of a Case  A 57-year-old woman with acute myelomonocytic leukemia was readmitted to the hospital on June 27, 1977, in leukemic relapse. Between December 1976 and June 1977, she had received no blood products and she had never traveled outside the United States. Physical findings were unremarkable except for pallor, and she was afebrile. The hematocrit level was 32%; the WBC count, 7,100/cu
Ethnic and sex bias in discretionary awards
Authors: J. Raftery
Journal: BMJ (2003)

See Papers p 687 

George Bernard Shaw, in his preface to The Doctor's Dilemma , summarised his conclusions as follows: “Nothing is more dangerous than a poor doctor.” His solutions included making doctors into “civil servants with a dignified wage paid out of public funds” and “municipalise Harley St.”1 Shaw's reaction to the NHS, which arguably made hospital doctors into civil servants, is not recorded. Although he was aged 92 in 1948, he would probably have pointed to the implications of failing to municipalise Harley St.

The United Kingdom is unusual in the extent to which the state employs hospital consultants in state owned hospitals. International trends towards greater autonomy for local organisations have been partly reflected in the United Kingdom with the development of NHS hospital trusts from 1991 and, more recently, the plans for foundation hospitals.

Any economist reviewing how hospital doctors in the United Kingdom are paid would be struck by the following. Firstly, NHS national pay scales, which have survived the shift of consultants' contracts from regions to hospital trusts, make up 71% of consultants' income (table). These pay scales take no account of performance, let alone regional differences in the costof living, nor of the costs of qualifying and remaining up …
Jessica in the Well: Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Shelton Viney
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As one of the specialists attending to Jessica McClure after her dramatic rescue from the open water well in Midland, Tex, I feel a response to Dr Benke's<sup>1</sup>letter is indicated. The night Jessica was removed from the well, she was found to have compromised circulation to the right lower extremity from just below the ankle and further distally. This was an ischemic injury caused by compression. Our immediate concerns, of course, were hydration and correction of metabolic acidosis. We were dealing with acute peripheral posttraumatic ischemia and we were worried about the survival of the right foot and possible compartment syndrome within the right foot. Her condition was too unstable to proceed with early surgical intervention; because of studies indicating that hyperbaric oxygen was helpful in compartment syndromes,<sup>2</sup>we proceeded with this therapy. In the early morning hours of the first day of her
THE TREATMENT OF TRIFACIAL NEURALGIA BY MEANS OF DEEP INJECTIONS OF ALCOHOL.REPORT OF SIXTEEN CASES.
Authors: HUGH T. PATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

To dwell on the atrocious pain of trifacial neuralgia, tic douloureux, and emphasize the chronicity of the disease were a work of supererogation. To rehearse the uncertainties and failures of the several forms of medical treatment and detail the difficulties and dangers of the operation for radical cure were to repeat familiar history. This paper relates simply to my own clinical experience with the deep injection of alcohol. In the spring of 1906 I had an opportunity to see some of the cases treated by Lévy and Baudouin at the Salpêtrière, and a few days later Dr. Lévy kindly demonstrated their method to me on a new patient. Their results were so gratifying and the operation itself apparently so simple that I resolved to give future patients the benefit of it and, indeed, began to make the injections a few days after my return. I have adopted entire the method
It's Too Early to Tell, but Polypeptide Growth Factor Research Already Generates Some Enthusiasm
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

POLYPEPTIDE GROWTH factors probably have tremendous potential. But, despite the biotechnology industry's enthusiasm, participants at a recent conference on growth factors and wound healing generally agreed the work is still in its very early stages. The conference, which is sponsored by the Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, is a yearly event designed to address what planners believe are the more important upcoming developments in reconstructive surgery. Participants say it is specifically intended to be a skeptical forum. As a result, the participants' assessments of the state of the art in growth factors tended to be reserved and circumspect—"optimistic but guarded," said one. That contrasts with the enthusiasm voiced by some industry spokespersons. Surveys indicate that there are almost 60 biotechnology companies in this country actively pursuing growth factor research. Worldwide, more than 100 are involved. <h3>On Market in Early 1990s?</h3> Many of them predict that a
THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MYXEDEMA
Authors: Willard Owen Thompson, Phebe K. Thompson, Esther Silveus, Mary Elizabeth Dailey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1928)

Measurements have been made of the concentration of protein in the spinal fluid3 in myxedema, before and after the administration of thyroid extract.These measurements are summarized in table 1.They show two things:
Pain and the Individual
Authors: Dana L. Farnsworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IF modern man suddenly had to give up any of his hard-won and cherished gains over the forces of nature during the past century and a half, I suggest that the one he would part with most reluctantly, even with fear or abject terror, is the art of relieving pain by anesthesia. He has become so accustomed to the thousands of daily miracles of relief of pain during surgical operations and other similar procedures that he takes them for granted — at least those outside the specialty of anesthesiology do. Furthermore, increasingly complicated miracles are expected, and it is assumed . . .
A PATIENT WHO CHANGED OUR PRACTICE
Authors: O R Dearlove, W J Wooldridge
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Cockayne syndrome is a rare, worldwide, autosomal recessive condition.1 2 It presents most commonly in childhood as a progressive failure of growth and development. Few patients exceed 20 kg in weight or 115 cm in height. Typically the syndrome produces a thin, dwarfed child with deep set eyes, prominent teeth, and a narrow receding chin. The skin is dry, scaly, highly photosensitive, and seems prematurely aged. Neurological impairment is universal owing to generalised brain atrophy. These children are mentally retarded with impaired or absent speech. Mobility is diminished because of a combination of spasticity, ataxia, and limb contractures. Convulsions occur in 5–10% of patients.

Increasing visual loss is expected because of …
The Prostaglandins: Clinical Applications in Human Reproduction
Authors: Bernard Cantor
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<b>The Prostaglandins</b>, vol 1, edited by Peter W. Ramwell, 400 pp, with illus, $29.50, Plenum Press, 1973. Although the titles of these volumes are quite similar, they actually complement one another with regard to the subject matter covered. <i>The Prostaglandins</i>, edited by Dr. Southern, is a compendium of papers and discussion presented at the Brook Lodge Symposium on Prostaglandins held in June 1972, dealing almost exclusively with the uses of the prostaglandins for termination of pregnancy. It is thus primarily a text useful to the clinician. It summarizes completely the experiences of a large number of clinical research groups, many of whom have been subsidized in part by the Upjohn Company in their work with these compounds. It is a "progress report" and it fulfills this purpose quite well. For the reader looking for a short summary of prostaglandin basic science and an in-depth summary of the clinical experience with
HALOPERIDOL IN THE TREATMENT OF 120 PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: J. J. DANIK, M. GOVERDHAM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The results of treatment with haloperidal at the Towers Hospital, Leicester, England, confirm those of Continental workers in the same field. We agree with their opinions (3, 4, 11, 12), that haloperidol is without any doubt a major advance in the management and treatment of paranoid-type schizophrenics as well as recent mania. Its clinical usefulness and importance are dependent upon: 1. The fact that it is a long acting drug and needs to be administered only once a day; 2. The fact that no serious toxic reactions have been reported and frequent laboratory referrals can be avoided; 3. The combination of minimal soporific effects and maximum tranquilisation so that the patient is alert and yet his management presents no nursing difficulties; 4. Helping to cut expenses of inpatient treatment due to quick recovery and duration of hospitalisation; and 5. Its reaction on the disturbed patient eliminating the need for locked wards or locked rooms.
Effect of Evidence-Based Feeding Guidelines on Mortality of Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Gordon S. Doig
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Evidence demonstrates that providing nutritional support to intensive care unit (ICU) patients within 24 hours of ICU admission reduces mortality. However, early feeding is not universally practiced. Changing practice in complex multidisciplinary environments is difficult. Evidence supporting whether guidelines can improve ICU feeding practices and patient outcomes is contradictory.To determine whether evidence-based feeding guidelines, implemented using a multifaceted practice change strategy, improve feeding practices and reduce mortality in ICU patients.Cluster randomized trial in ICUs of 27 community and tertiary hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Between November 2003 and May 2004, 1118 critically ill adult patients expected to remain in the ICU longer than 2 days were enrolled. All participants completed the study.Intensive care units were randomly assigned to guideline or control groups. Guideline ICUs developed an evidence-based guideline using Browman's Clinical Practice Guideline Development Cycle. A practice-change strategy composed of 18 specific interventions, leveraged by educational outreach visits, was implemented in guideline ICUs.Hospital discharge mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital length of stay, organ dysfunction, and feeding process measures.Guideline and control ICUs enrolled 561 and 557 patients, respectively. Guideline ICUs fed patients earlier (0.75 vs 1.37 mean days to enteral nutrition start; difference, -0.62 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -0.82 to -0.36]; P < .001 and 1.04 vs 1.40 mean days to parenteral nutrition start; difference, -0.35 [95% CI, -0.61 to -0.01]; P = .04) and achieved caloric goals more often (6.10 vs 5.02 mean days per 10 fed patient-days; difference, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.12 to 2.22]; P = .03). Guideline and control ICUs did not differ with regard to hospital discharge mortality (28.9% vs 27.4%; difference, 1.4% [95% CI, -6.3% to 12.0%]; P = .75) or to hospital length of stay (24.2 vs 24.3 days; difference, -0.08 [95% CI, -3.8 to 4.4]; P = .97) or ICU length of stay (9.1 vs 9.9 days; difference, -0.86 [95% CI, -2.6 to 1.3]; P = .42).Using a multifaceted practice change strategy, ICUs successfully developed and introduced an evidence-based nutritional support guideline that promoted earlier feeding and greater nutritional adequacy. However, use of the guideline did not improve clinical outcomes. Trial Registration anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12608000407392.