tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase 3 Trials of Solanezumab for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rachelle S. Doody, Ronald G. Thomas, Martin Farlow, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Bruno Vellas, Steven Joffe, Karl Kieburtz, Rema Raman, Xiaoying Sun, Paul S. Aisen, Eric Siemers, Hong Liu-Seifert, Richard Mohs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuronal loss. Solanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, preferentially binds soluble forms of amyloid and in preclinical studies promoted its clearance from the brain.In two phase 3, double-blind trials (EXPEDITION 1 and EXPEDITION 2), we randomly assigned 1012 and 1040 patients, respectively, with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease to receive placebo or solanezumab (administered intravenously at a dose of 400 mg) every 4 weeks for 18 months. The primary outcomes were the changes from baseline to week 80 in scores on the 11-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog11; range, 0 to 70, with higher scores indicating greater cognitive impairment) and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living scale (ADCS-ADL; range, 0 to 78, with lower scores indicating worse functioning). After analysis of data from EXPEDITION 1, the primary outcome for EXPEDITION 2 was revised to the change in scores on the 14-item cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog14; range, 0 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater impairment), in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease.Neither study showed significant improvement in the primary outcomes. The modeled difference between groups (solanezumab group minus placebo group) in the change from baseline was -0.8 points for the ADAS-cog11 score (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.1 to 0.5; P=0.24) and -0.4 points for the ADCS-ADL score (95% CI, -2.3 to 1.4; P=0.64) in EXPEDITION 1 and -1.3 points (95% CI, -2.5 to 0.3; P=0.06) and 1.6 points (95% CI, -0.2 to 3.3; P=0.08), respectively, in EXPEDITION 2. Between-group differences in the changes in the ADAS-cog14 score were -1.7 points in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (95% CI, -3.5 to 0.1; P=0.06) and -1.5 in patients with moderate Alzheimer's disease (95% CI, -4.1 to 1.1; P=0.26). In the combined safety data set, the incidence of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities with edema or hemorrhage was 0.9% with solanezumab and 0.4% with placebo for edema (P=0.27) and 4.9% and 5.6%, respectively, for hemorrhage (P=0.49).Solanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds amyloid, failed to improve cognition or functional ability. (Funded by Eli Lilly; EXPEDITION 1 and 2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00905372 and NCT00904683.).
Chlorpropamide Therapy of Diabetes
Authors: Robert C. Stewart, Eugene U. Piazza, Harris Hyman, David Hurwitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THIS report details our experiences with chlorpropamide in 56 ambulant diabetic subjects in the Diabetes Clinic of the Boston City Hospital who were placed on the drug between May and November, 1958.Methods and MaterialsSelection of PatientsThe primary consideration in the selection of patients for this study was that they co-operate fully in testing urines and in keeping all appointments. Since the clinic population is predominantly adult, only 3 of the patients were under twenty-four years of age. Neither the patient's sex nor his previous insulin requirement was taken into consideration. Patients with a history of acidosis were . . .
Synthesis, biophysical properties and pharmacokinetics of ultrahigh molecular weight tense and relaxed state polymerized bovine hemoglobins
Authors: Paul W. Buehler, Yipin Zhou, Pedro Cabrales, Yiping Jia, Guoyong Sun, David R. Harris, Amy G. Tsai, Marcos Intaglietta, Andre F. Palmer
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Tumour necrosis factor alpha secretion in leporine endotoxaemia: role of the liver and effects of hepatic ischaemia.
Authors: I L Badger, P Townsend, J A Buckels
Journal: Gut (1992)

A leporine model to investigate tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) secretion after peripheral vein or mesenteric vein lipopolysaccharide injection was devised. Mesenteric vein injection provoked lower arterial concentrations after 90 minutes (median (range), 2.81, (0.75-11.96) ng/ml) than peripheral vein injection (7.00 (4.27-14.95) ng/ml (p less than 0.05)). Mesenteric vein injection after 10 minutes' warm hepatic ischaemia, which impairs hepatic clearance, provoked higher median arterial TNF alpha values at 90 minutes (7.98 (2.85-21.48) ng/ml) than in normal animals (p less than 0.05). Portal vein endotoxaemia induced less TNF alpha production than systemic endotoxaemia unless hepatic clearance was impaired, thus the major source of TNF alpha in systemic endotoxaemia is probably extrahepatic.
Periodic Health Examinations Using an Automated Multitest Laboratory
Authors: Morris F. Collen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Automated multitest laboratories with automated, electronic, and computer equipment are used as an integral part of a routine periodic health examination for 4,000 patients a month. The automated multitest laboratory provides electrocardiography, anthropometry, chest and breast x-rays, visual acuity tests, tonometry, retinal photography, audiometry, vital capacity determinations, a health questionnaire on prepunched cards, and laboratory tests including eight blood chemistries done simultaneously with direct punched-card output. Before the patient leaves the multitest laboratory, additional indicated procedures are arranged in accordance with programmed computer "advice" rules. When all test reports are received, the computer prints out a summary report for the physician. The advent of automation and computers may introduce a new era of preventive medicine.
Infarct artery patency predicts outcome of serial electropharmacological studies in patients with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: J T Hii, M Traboulsi, L B Mitchell, D G Wyse, H J Duff, A M Gillis
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Surviving myocardial cells near the infarct border zone form the arrhythmogenic substrate for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) in humans. Infarct-related artery (IRA) patency may modulate the electrophysiological function of this arrhythmogenic substrate and its response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. We postulated that effective antiarrhythmic drug therapy selected during serial electrophysiological studies in patients with VT after a myocardial infarction would be identified more frequently when the IRA is patent than when chronically occluded. METHODS AND RESULTS Consecutive patients (n = 64) with documented coronary artery disease and remote myocardial infarction presenting with spontaneous sustained VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF) were studied. These patients underwent 4 +/- 2 electropharmacological studies identifying effective antiarrhythmic drug therapy in 16 (25%) patients. Drug responders did not differ significantly from nonresponders in demographic, electrocardiographic, angiographic, or hemodynamic measurements. A patent IRA was associated with antiarrhythmic drug response significantly more frequently than was an occluded IRA (45% versus 9%, p = 0.001). Patency of the IRA was the only independent predictor of response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in this study population. The sensitivity and specificity of using a patent IRA to predict successful drug testing were 81% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of electropharmacological studies was predicted by the patency of the IRA. A patent IRA was associated with a greater probability of finding effective drug therapy.
Oxygen treatment for acute severe asthma
Authors: D. Inwald, M. Roland, L. Kuitert, S. A McKenzie, A. Petros
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Deaths from asthma in England and Wales dropped by about 6% a year in people aged 5-64 from 1983 to 1995,1 but about 20 children and 1600 adults still die in the United Kingdom every year from acute asthma. Profound hypoxaemia may be a readily preventable cause of some of these deaths. The British Thoracic Society's asthma guidelines advise oxygen as first line treatment in hospital for all patients in cases of acute severe asthma.2 However, the guidelines do not advise treatment with oxygen in primary care in children and do not insist on its use in adults. The recent death of a child in a primary care setting after administration of salbutamol nebulised with air prompted us to question whether treatment with oxygen should be recommended in all cases of acute severe asthma, including those presenting in primary care.

#### Summary points

Asthma causes 1600 deaths in the United Kingdom every year

Progressive hypoxaemia is probably an important cause of death

Oxygen should be the first treatment given to any patient with acute severe asthma

Nebulisation of β2 agonists with air during severe attacks may worsen hypoxaemia

Patients with acute severe asthma should receive β2 agonists nebulised with oxygen

A systematic review was not possible as there have never been any randomised controlled trials of oxygen in acute severe asthma. We therefore present a traditional literature review and our opinion based on it. We selected 24 publications from our personal collections and from Medline searches. Using the search terms “asthma” and “hypoxaemia or hypoxemia or hypoxia or oxygen” and “salbutamol or albuterol” yielded 204 papers, of which 11 were included in this review. The other 13 papers that we evaluated were from our personal collections.

In acute severe asthma, narrowing of the airway occurs as a result of …
Physician, Nurse Relief Workers Killed in Rwanda
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A 3-MONTH project to shore up the beleaguered medical care system in Ruhengeri, Rwanda, has been suspended following the deaths of a Spanish physician and 2 other relief workers in an apparently deliberate attack on their compound in war-torn central Africa. The physician, Manuel Madrazo Osuna, 42, of Seville, Spain, was shot to death last month inside a house serving as the compound for Medicos del Mundo, the Spanish affiliate of the French medical relief group Médecins du Monde (MDM). "He came from a family of doctors and was committed to social causes since medical school," said Elizabeth Wagley, spokesperson for MDM's US affiliate, Doctors of the World (DOW). Also killed in the attack were nurse Maria Flors Sirera Fortuny, 35, of Lérida, Spain, and Luis Valtuena Gallego, 30, originally from Madrid, a photographer and logistician at the compound. Nitin Madhav, 28, of Pittsburgh, Pa, was wounded in the attack.
Please stop using word frequency data that are likely to be word length effects in disguise
Authors: Marc Brysbaert, Denis Drieghe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Reichle et al. claim to successfully simulate a frequency effect of 60% on skipping rate in human data, whereas the original article reports an effect of only 4%. We suspect that the deviation is attributable to the length of the words in the different conditions, which implies that E-Z Reader is wrong in its conception of eye guidance between words.
S6 Supermarket bakers asthma: a report of three successive rounds of surveillance
Authors: J. Cannon, J. Szram, J. Welch, C. Sharp, P. Cullinan, M. Jones
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3></h3> In 2006, we set up a surveillance programme with a large UK supermarket employing almost 4000 “scratch” bakers (who mix dough and bake bread from scratch using raw ingredients) in around 350 stores. We report here the analysis of the programme through to 2010. The company occupational health provider screened all bakery workers for respiratory symptoms every other year, using a initial questionnaire (Level 1), with positive responders completing a subsequent, more detailed telephone-administered questionnaire (Level 2). Those who reported work-related nasal or respiratory symptoms were asked to provide a serum sample for specific IgE to bakery antigens. Those with positive specific IgE to flour or α-amylase (&gt;0.35 kU/l) were directly referred for a specialist opinion. Abstract S6 table 1 shows the results of three surveillance rounds in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The frequency of work-related symptoms, sensitisation and disease across the three rounds of surveillance were remarkably constant. Measured prevalence is low (0.3–2 in 1000 bakers) although this figure is likely to be an underestimate; a previous study in the same workforce has demonstrated a reluctance to report symptoms and incomplete response rates.1 This system of surveillance is efficient but has thus far not been effective in reducing the incidence of occupational allergy.
Case 55-1966
Authors: Edgar Haber, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-two-year-old woman entered the hospital because of dyspnea.She had been well until the onset of exertional dyspnea, palpitation, orthopnea and peripheral edema two years previously. Treatment with a diuretic medication and digitalis caused symptomatic improvement, although she complained intermittently of pain beneath the left breast. Several months before admission, at a time of emotional strain, the pain became more frequent, and dyspnea and orthopnea recurred, with marked fatigue. One week before entry she was admitted to another hospital, where treatment resulted in only slight improvement, and she was transferred to this hospital.The . . .
A Clinical Trial of High Oxygen Pressure for the Respiratory-Distress Syndrome
Authors: William D. Cochran, Henry Levison, Donald M. Muirhead, R. Wesley Boston, Catherine C. S. Wang, Clement A. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE mortality of the respiratory-distress syndrome in the newborn infant (often called hyaline-membrane disease) has remained essentially unchanged. It is estimated that in the United States approximately 30,000 newborn infants die of it each year. At the Boston Lying-in Hospital, where some 6200 babies are delivered each year, hyaline-membrane formation and massive atelectasis were the major findings in 38 per cent of the 84 neonatal deaths per year during the period between 1955–1960.1 Attempts at therapy have taken two general directions, one attempting to reverse or abort the course of the disease (for example, by raising the serum albumin concentration . . .
Canicola Fever in Man Through Contact with Infected Pigs
Authors: J. D. Coghlan, J. Norval, H. E. Seiler
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Bmoi 257 Blood loss, blood and fluid replacement, and the con- trol of blood pressure are discussed.The technique of induced hypothermia by the method of surface cooling is described, and some relevant prob- lems are considered.The importance of maintaining a normal blood chemistry, with particular reference to the blood pH and pCO2, is stressed.I thank Professor Charles Rob for giving me access to case
Increasing US Mortality From Infectious Diseases-Reply
Authors: Robert W. Pinner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our recent analysis of death certificate data showed that the death rate from infectious diseases increased 58% in the United States between 1980 and 1992. We share Dr Randall's reservations about the quality of death certificate data, but we also agree with him that the conclusion that infectious disease mortality has been increasing recently in this country is inescapable. We focused on underlying cause-of-death data to present a conservative estimate of the burden of infectious disease, though infectious diseases often contribute to deaths even when they are not designated as the underlying cause. The HIV epidemic provides the most apparent contribution to recent increases in mortality from infectious diseases. Further, the fact that both underlying and multiple cause-of-death data showed comparable upward trends is also evidence that the increasing death rate from infectious diseases is not merely an artifact of changes in the way death certificates are completed.
Deleterious Effects of Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Bruce D. Lindsay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In this issue of the Journal, Yu et al. report results of the Pacing to Avoid Cardiac Enlargement (PACE) study, a prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial designed to determine whether biventricular pacing is superior to right ventricular apical pacing for the prevention of adverse changes in left ventricular function.1 The inclusion criteria focused on patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 45% or more who required pacing because of high-grade atrioventricular block or sinus-node dysfunction. The investigators observed significant differences in the primary end points of left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic volume. During a follow-up period that . . .
Hepatic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by tetracycline-regulated hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β
Authors: Kyoko Ishii, Yoko Yoshida, Yuji Akechi, Tomohiko Sakabe, Ren Nishio, Remina Ikeda, Kei Terabayashi, Yoshiaki Matsumi, Kazue Gonda, Hideharu Okamoto, Kazuko Takubo, Fumihito Tajima, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Yoshiko Hoshikawa, Akihiro Kurimasa, Akihiro Umezawa, Goshi Shiota
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are expected to be a potential source of cells for transplantation. Although recent reports have shown that isolated MSCs can differentiate into hepatocytes, the efficiency of differentiation is insufficient for therapeutic application. To circumvent this problem, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of hepatic differentiation of human BM-MSCs. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta (HNF3beta), a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor, is essential for liver development. In the present study, we established a tetracycline (Tet)-regulated expression system for HNF3beta in UE7T-13 BM-MSCs. HNF3beta expression significantly enhanced expression of albumin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), tyrosine amino transferase (TAT) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) genes. The differentiated cells showed hepatocyte-specific functions including glycogen production and urea secretion. During treatment with the Tet-on system for 8 days, over 80% of UE7T-13 cells turned out to express albumin. Furthermore, the combination of Tet with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) efficiently induced the genes such as albumin and TAT, which are associated with maturity of hepatocytes; however, it suppressed genes such as AFP and EpCAM, which are associated with immaturity of hepatocytes, suggesting that Tet-induced HNF3beta expression sensitizes BM-MSCs to bFGF signals. Finally, the results of the present study suggest that down-regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signals caused by translocation of beta-catenin to cytoplasmic membrane is associated with hepatic differentiation of human BM-MSCs.HNF3beta expression induced efficient differentiation of UE7T-13 human BM-MSCs.
Gilding the Lily
Authors: Charles Haines
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with pleasure and profit the erudite essays written by Dr. George X. Trimble. A letter from Dr. Trimble in the Nov 2, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>190</b>:474) has the following final paragraph: "For anyone to add to this would be akin to gilding the lily." Many a writer has for many a year been quoting "gilding the lily." The Earl of Salisbury, in<i>King John</i>, Act IV, scene 2, beginning line 9, says: Therefore, to be possess'd with double pomp, To guard a title that was rich before, To gild refined gold, to paint the lily... Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. May I suggest that we ought to stop "gilding the lily" and begin "painting the lily."
Intellectual impairment in chronic renal failure.
Authors: A English, R D Savage, P G Britton, M K Ward, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a dialysis centre with a high tap water aluminium content and a known high incidence of dialysis encephalopathy, 29 patients undertaking regular home dialysis, without clinical evidence of encephalopathy, were studied with a battery of psychological tests that have proved useful in detecting early organic intellectual deterioration in other conditions. Full-scale intelligence quotient, as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, did not differ significantly from that of the normal population, but the patients showed significant deficiencies in three tests of performance--namely, digit symbol, block design, and picture arrangement. The ability to acquire new information in relation to performance was impaired and the abnormality increased with time on dialysis. Such tests should be useful in early detection of dialysis dementia at a reversible stage.
Nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone concentrations in residential environments.
Authors: Kiyoung Lee, Jianping Xue, Alison S Geyh, Halûk Ozkaynak, Brian P Leaderer, Charles J Weschler, John D Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Nitrous acid (HONO) may be generated by heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen dioxide and direct emission from combustion sources. Interactions among nitrogen oxides and ozone are important for outdoor photochemical reactions. However, little is known of indoor HONO levels or the relationship between residential HONO, NO(2), and O(3) concentrations in occupied houses. Six-day integrated indoor and outdoor concentrations of the three pollutants were simultaneously measured in two communities in Southern California using passive samplers. The average indoor HONO concentration was 4.6 ppb, compared to 0.9 ppb for outdoor HONO. Average indoor and outdoor NO(2)concentrations were 28 and 20.1 ppb, respectively. Indoor O(3) concentrations were low (average 14.9 ppb) in comparison to the outdoor levels (average 56.5 ppb). Housing characteristics, including community and presence of a gas range, were significantly associated with indoor NO(2) and HONO concentrations. Indoor HONO levels were closely correlated with indoor NO(2) levels and were about 17% of indoor NO(2) concentrations. Indoor HONO levels were inversely correlated with indoor O(3) levels. The measurements demonstrated the occurrence of substantial residential indoor HONO concentrations and associations among the three indoor air pollutants.
Cardiac Symptoms in Women and Men
Authors: Donna R. Zwas, Puja K. Mehta, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal