tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isocyanate-conjugated human lung epithelial cell proteins: A link between exposure and asthma?
Authors: Adam V. Wisnewski, Ranulfo Lemus, Meryl H. Karol, Carrie A. Redlich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> Isocyanates are a group of highly reactive cross-linking chemicals that cause airway inflammation and asthma in exposed individuals. Isocyanates have been detected along the airway epithelia of exposed workers and animals, prompting the hypothesis that isocyanates can directly bind to epithelial cell proteins. <b>Objective:</b> We tested the hypothesis that hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) binds directly to lung epithelial cell proteins and initiated studies to evaluate the immunostimulatory potential of HDI-conjugated lung epithelial cell proteins. <b>Methods:</b> Human lung epithelial cell lines were exposed to vapor- and liquid-phase HDI, and the cellular proteins were analyzed for HDI conjugation by Western blotting and tested for the ability to induce lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. <b>Results:</b> A number of epithelial cell polypeptides, ranging from 25 to 110 kd in apparent molecular weight, were conjugated with HDI after exposure of the human lung epithelial cell lines (A549 and NCI-H292) to HDI concentrations greater than 0.005% (vol/vol) in the liquid phase. Vapor-phase HDI exposure resulted in a more restricted HDI conjugation pattern, with major HDI-conjugated polypeptides migrating at 47, 71, and 91 kd. HDI-conjugated epithelial cell proteins specifically stimulated proliferation of PBMCs from subjects with isocyanate-induced asthma but not HDI-exposed nonasthmatic individuals or atopic subjects with nonisocyanate-related asthma. <b>Conclusions:</b> The data demonstrate that epithelial cell proteins readily react with HDI and that HDI-conjugated epithelial cell proteins can stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. Further characterization and evaluation of HDI-conjugated epithelial cell proteins will elucidate their potential role in the pathogenesis of isocyanate-induced asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:341-7.)
Prognostic Value of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Erik Schelbert
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alterations in Serum Enzymes in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: George L. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and amylase levels were determined in 76 chronically uremic patients. Serum LDH was increased in 77% of 486 determinations, and only 10% of the abnormal levels could be accounted for by pathological conditions known to increase LDH. Serum GOT levels were generally normal. Serum amylase was increased in 32% of 175 determinations. There is a high incidence of abnormal LDH and amylase levels in uremic patients. We caution against overinterpretation of these findings and the costly and often unnecessary search for their significance.
Metoclopramide in Pregnancy and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Fetal Death
Authors: Björn Pasternak, Henrik Svanström, Ditte Mølgaard-Nielsen, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2013)

IMPORTANCE Metoclopramide, a drug frequently used for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, is thought to be safe, but information on the risk of specific malformations and fetal death is lacking.OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety of metoclopramide use in pregnancy.Register-based cohort study in Denmark, 1997-2011.From a cohort of 1 222 503 pregnancies, metoclopramide-exposed and unexposed women were matched (1:4 ratio) on the basis of age, calendar year, and propensity scores. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were major congenital malformations overall, 20 individual malformation categories (selected according to power criteria), spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth.In matched analyses, logistic regression was used to estimate prevalence odds ratios of malformations and Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of spontaneous abortion.RESULTS Among 28 486 women exposed to metoclopramide in the first trimester, 721 had an infant with a major congenital malformation (25.3 [95% CI, 23.5-27.1]cases per 1000 births), compared with 3024 among 113 698 unexposed women (26.6 [95% CI, 25.7-27.5]per 1000 births).There were no significant associations between metoclopramide use and malformations overall (prevalence odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-1.02])or any of the 20 individual malformation categories, eg, neural tube defects, transposition of great vessels, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, coarctation of the aorta, cleft lip, cleft palate, anorectal atresia/stenosis, and limb reduction (upper limit of 95% CI below 2.0 for 17 of 20 categories).Metoclopramide was not associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion (757 cases [20.0 {95% CI, 18.5-21.4}per 1000] among 37 946 metoclopramide-exposed women and 9414 cases [62.1 {95% CI, 60.9-63.3}per 1000] among 151 661 unexposed women; HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.33-0.38])and stillbirth (142 cases [3.5 {95% CI, 2.9-4.1} per 1000] among 40 306 metoclopramide-exposed women and 634 cases [3.9 {95% CI, 3.6-4.2}per 1000] among 161 098 unexposed women; HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.74-1.08]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Metoclopramide use in pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of major congenital malformations overall, any of the 20 individual malformation categories assessed, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth.These safety data may help inform decision making when treatment with metoclopramide is considered in pregnancy.
Serum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine, macrophage‐derived chemokine and eotaxin as markers of severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: K. Jahnz‐Rozyk, T. Targowski, E. Paluchowska, W. Owczarek, A. Kucharczyk
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Expression of CCR4 ligands, such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), leads to preferential influx of T-helper (Th) 2-type lymphocytes to the lesional skin in atopic dermatitis (AD). Eotaxin, like the CCR3 ligand, is an important contributor of eosinophils recruitment in the course of AD. These chemokines are assumed to play an important role in the pathomechanism of AD.In this study, the serum concentration of TARC, MDC, eotaxin and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in AD patients and healthy people were compared. Correlation between the studied indices and activity of AD was established. Severity of AD was assessed according to the SCORAD score. The study comprised 44 healthy people and 43 patients with AD. The serum concentrations of TARC, MDC, eotaxin and IgE were measured with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.The serum levels of TARC, MDC, eotaxin and IgE appeared to be significantly higher in patients with AD than in healthy people. A strong positive correlation was revealed between the levels of TARC, MDC, total IgE in serum of patients with AD and SCORAD. In contrast, no significant relationship was found for the serum eotaxin concentration and TARC, MDC, IgE or disease severity.Our findings indicate that TARC and MDC are actively involved in the pathogenesis of AD and their expression, opposite to that of eotaxin, is strongly associated with clinical picture of atopic dermatitis.
The Evaluation of Hematuria in Adults
Authors: Thomas J. White
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have the following comments on the radiological evaluation of adults with hematuria, the subject of the excellent review by Sutton.<sup>1</sup> The radiology department should take responsibility for evaluation of the urinary tract above the bladder. To that end, two studies are preferred. First, for kidney parenchyma, computed tomography is the present gold standard for renal imaging, allowing diagnosis, staging, or confident exclusion of renal cell carcinoma. Second, the excretory urogram can usually diagnose urothelial neoplasm above the bladder, particularly if the entire collecting system and ureter are well distended by opaque contrast material. I propose that combining the two examinations is the most effective way to evaluate the urinary tract above the bladder. Combining the two examinations would probably modify the diagnostic algorithm. Such a combined study would begin with a recent plain roentgenogram as a preliminary to an excretory urogram, followed by a
Evidence based policy or policy based evidence?
Authors: Michael G Marmot
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Congenital malformations may present as meningitis caused by enteric organisms, but this is extremely rare and occurs almost exclusively in the paediatric population. We report an unusual case of a young man with chronic constipation presenting with spontaneous Gram-negative meningitis due to an underlying congenital spinal malformation known as the caudal regression syndrome.
Prevalence of Sensitization to Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTP) and Profilins in a Population of 430 patients in the center of Spain
Authors: E. Gonzalez-Mancebo, D. Gonzalez-de-Olano, M. Trujillo, S. Santos, M. Gandolfo-Cano, A. Melendez, R. Juarez, P. Morales, A. Calso, O. Mazuela
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
258 The WNT-inducible signaling pathway 1 variant (WISP1V) is a novel oncogenic molecule that mediates invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: S TANAKA, K SUGIMACHI, S MAEHARA, K SHIRABE, M SHIMADA, J WANDS, Y MAEHARA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood and lymphatic vessels. In mice, only tumors of the blood vessel endothelium (haemangiomas) have been thus far reported. Here we describe a highly reproducible method for the induction of benign tumors of the lymphatic endothelial cells (lymphangiomas) in mice by intraperitoneal injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Morphological and histopathological studies of the lesions revealed the presence of cells at various levels of vascular development. The lymphangiomas developed in the peritoneal cavity and expressed the endothelial markers CD31/PECAM (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule), CD54/ICAM-1 (InterCellular Adhesion Molecule-1), and CD102/ICAM-2, as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1, the endothelial cell specific receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 and the lymphatic endothelial cell specific Flt4 receptor as shown byin situhybridization. The Flk-1 and Flt4 receptors were also identified in immunoblots of the tumors and in cells cultured from them. When induced in β-galactosidase knock-in Flt4+/−mice, the tumor endothelia could be stained blue in a number of tumor cells although the staining was of lower intensity than in normal lymphatic vessels. The tumor-derived cells could be propagatedin vitroand they spontaneously differentiated, forming vessel-like structures. Murine lymphangiomas thus represent a highly reproducible and convenient source of lymphatic endothelial cells.
Early trials of Ebola vaccine show immune response
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Small, phase I trials in Africa and Europe of an experimental vaccine against Ebola virus disease have shown an immune response in all of the healthy adults vaccinated, preliminary results reported in the New England Journal of Medicine have shown.1

The Zaire variant candidate vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV uses live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), a livestock disease that generally causes no or only mild illness in humans, to carry DNA from Zaire ebolavirus with the aim of stimulating …
Curbing medical enthusiasm
Authors: Elizabeth Loder
Journal: BMJ (2007)

It's easy to feel contempt for deluded practitioners of the past who advocated bloodletting and tonsillectomies for all. Easy, that is, until one considers emerging evidence that coronary stenting and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy may well be the contemporary equivalents of those now discredited practices. These and other cautionary tales abound in this week's BMJ , reminding us of the dangers of medical enthusiasm for interventions and treatments—however well intentioned—that have not been subjected to careful scrutiny.

A recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine concluded that patients with stable coronary artery disease do just as well with medical therapy as they do with percutaneous revascularization procedures. Susan Mayor interviews (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39174.633403.DB) a British physician who wrote …
Upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor-A and -B gene expression in alveolar macrophages of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: I Nagaoka, B C Trapnell, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by accumulation of alveolar macrophages spontaneously releasing exaggerated amounts of the potent mesenchymal cell growth factor platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). To evaluate the relative contribution of the two PDGF genes to this process, PDGF-A and -B gene transcription rates and mRNA levels were examined in normal and IPF alveolar macrophages. While normal alveolar macrophages constitutively transcribe both PDGF-A and PDGF-B genes, LPS stimulation increases the transcription of both genes more than threefold. Importantly, IPF alveolar macrophages spontaneously transcribe both genes at a rate similar to that observed for normal macrophages after in vitro stimulation. Consistent with the transcription data, normal macrophages contain mRNA for both PDGF-A and -B, but PDGF-B mRNA is 10-fold more abundant. Strikingly, in IPF, both PDGF-A and -B mRNA levels were markedly increased, with persistence of the 10-fold dominance of PDGF-B mRNA. Thus, the exaggerated release of PDGF by IPF alveolar macrophages is likely modulated by upregulated PDGF gene transcription rates and concomitantly increased mRNA levels and the persistent 10-fold excess of B greater than A PDGF mRNA suggests that the PDGF released by alveolar macrophages is likely mostly of the potent B-chain homodimeric form.
Effectiveness and Safety of Tocilizumab, an Anti–Interleukin-6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in a Patient With Refractory GI Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Usama Gergis, Jon Arnason, Rhonda Yantiss, Tsiporah Shore, Usama Wissa, Eric Feldman, Thasia Woodworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Family clustering of PBB and DDE values among Michigan dairy farmers.
Authors: M S Wolff, N Haymes, H A Anderson, I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Family clustering of varying levels of serum PBB and DDE was evaluated for 62 Michigan families by using the mean and standard deviation for family units, ranked percentile comparison of family members, and correlation by linear regression of family members. The results indicate that levels of serum PBBs cluster within family units and for children within families. Serum DDE clustering within families occurs only for children. These findings are consistent with recent, interim PBB exposure, perhaps from a common dietary source for families. Serum DDE represents a lifetime, low-level exposure to DDT-DDE which has been both less prolonged and less intense for children. Thus similar levels, or clustered serum DDE, was observed for children within families.
Renal Distribution Volumes of Indocyanine Green, [51Cr]EDTA, and 24Na in Man during Acute Renal Failure after Shock. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PATHOGENESIS OF ANURIA
Authors: F. C. Reubi, C. Vorburger, J. Tuckman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The mechanism responsible for the anuria in acute renal failure after shock is still controversial. Suppressed glomerular filtration and/or tubular back-diffusion of the filtrate are major possible causes. In the present investigation, seven patients with acute anuria, three of these seven again in the polyuric phase, six patients with moderate renal impairment, four patients with chronic renal failure, and eight subjects with normal renal function were studied by a multiple indicator-dilution method in which the total renal blood flow and renal distribution volumes of indocyanine green, [51Cr]EDTA, and 24Na were determined. In normal subjects the average values for one kidney were 582 ml/min, 42 ml, 92 ml, and 139 ml, respectively. The measurements in the patients with moderate renal impairment were similar to those in the normal subjects, but were decreased in chronic renal failure. In acute anuria, the average values were 269 ml/min, 40 ml, 101 ml, and 114 ml and the kidney volume, estimated radiographically, was increased by 40%. When expressed as milliliters per milliliters kidney, the average distribution volume of 24Na was decreased from 0.64 to 0.38. This decrease is consistent with the hypothesis that suppressed filtration is largely responsible for the anuria and that back-diffusion is, at most, a contributory factor. The apparent contradiction between the relatively well-preserved total blood flow and the suppressed filtration may be due to a combination of afferent vasoconstriction and efferent vasodilatation. This view is supported by the observation that low filtration fractions were found in clearance measurements performed during the polyuric phase.
THE EXTENT OF THE CAPILLARY BED OF THE HEART
Authors: Joseph T. Wearn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

By means of injections made into the coronary arteries of beating hearts it has been possible to determine the number of capillaries in the normal heart muscle. This study has shown a very rich blood supply with an average of approximately one capillary for each muscle fibre in the ventricular walls and papillary muscles, and a less abundant supply in the auricular muscle and Purkinje system. The number of capillaries per sq. mm. of ventricular wall or papillary muscle is about twice that found by Krogh in skeletal muscle. Capillaries were not found constantly in the valves of hearts in which there was apparently a complete injection of the capillary bed. The method described for injecting the capillaries of the heart also provides a means of studying the blood supply to the muscle, valves and aortic wall in pathological hearts.
Autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells, a potential tool for immune-tolerance reconstitution in type-2 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Maria Serena Longhi, Munther J. Hussain, William W. Kwok, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Yun Ma, Diego Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Effector CD4 and CD8 T cell immune responses to cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6), the autoantigen of autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2), are permitted by a numerical and functional impairment of CD4(pos) CD25(high) regulatory T cells (T-regs). We aimed to investigate whether T-regs specific for CYP2D6 immunodominant regions and restricted by the appropriate human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR molecule can be generated in patients with AIH-2 and can control CD4 and CD8 T cell effectors targeting identical or overlapping CYP2D6 regions. CYP2D6-specific regulatory T cells (CYP2D6 T-regs) were obtained from peptide-pulsed monocyte-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 patients with AIH-2, who were positive for the predisposing HLA-DR7 and/or HLA-DR3 alleles. Their antigen specificity was assessed by cytofluorimetry using HLA class II tetramers and their cytokine profile by intracellular staining. T-reg ability to suppress was ascertained by measuring reduction of CD4(pos) CD25(neg) cell proliferation/effector cytokine secretion and of CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. The most efficient suppression of effector T cell proliferation, inflammatory cytokine release, and cytotoxicity was obtained by coculturing T-regs with CYP2D6-peptide-loaded semimature dendritic cells (smDCs), and smDC-CYP2D6 T-regs also expressed high levels of FOXP3 (forkhead box P3). Possession of the appropriate HLA-DR molecule and recognition of the CYP2D6 autoantigenic sequence were critical to the synergistic smDC-CYP2D6 T-reg immunoregulatory functions, and lack of either element led to poor control of responder cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. Moreover, interferon-γ neutralization significantly boosted the suppressive ability of CYP2D6 T-regs.T-regs generated under CYP2D6-specific conditions and cocultured with smDCs are highly effective at controlling autoreactive T cells, thus providing the basis for a powerful and tailored form of immunotherapy for AIH-2.