tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Unfavorable Sympathetic Hyperactivity Induced by Long-Term Physical Training in Postinfarction Patients: Fact or Speculation?
Authors: A. Tenenbaum, J. Shemesh, P. Giannuzzi, U. Corra
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Recently, Giannuzzi et al 1 eloquently described the beneficial effect of long-term exercise training on left ventricular remodeling in postinfarction patients.An earlier report from Coats et al 2 demonstrated that training can improve autonomic function (mainly in terms of RR variability and norepinephrine spillover) in patients with chronic heart failure but failed to show significant changes in resting catecholamine levels after a short-term exercise program.In an attempt to explain their findings, Giannuzzi et al used a series of reports describing the reduction of catecholamine levels by exercise training in subjects with normal left ventricular function 3,4 and speculated that this effect exists in patients with left ventricular dysfunction as well.However, this phenomenon is no longer conjectural because it has been demonstrated clearly in postinfarction patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction after long-term exercise rehabilitation. 5Moreover, that study 5 also showed a beneficial effect of the rehabilitation program on atrial natriuretic peptide.We hope that clarification of these points will provide additional support for the findings of Giannuzzi and his team.
Removal of Foreign Body from Trachea.
Authors: A. J. Horn
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Denver, Colo., June 26, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As I am under obligations to some of the members of theAmerican Medical Associationto report to them the progress and final results of the following case, I would like very much, with your permission, to useThe Journalas a medium through which to reach those who became interested in the case during their attendance at theAmerican Medical Associationhere in Denver. <h3>History of case.</h3> —I was called May 8, 1898, to see George S., aged 12 years, and found him with temperature of 103 degrees, rapid breathing and a hacking cough, with occasional paroxysms of severe coughing, which would leave him almost exhausted. The mother informed me that he had swallowed a pin on May 25, 1898, and that he had coughed very hard ever since that date. By physical examination the presence of a pin in the
289. Adenoviral-Mediated p53 Gene Therapy (Advexin) in a Patient with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome with a Mixed Germ Cell Tumor: Tolerability and Response
Authors: Neil Senzer, Jeffrey Lamont, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by familial clustering of malignancies, predominantly sarcomas, breast cancer, brain tumors and adrenocortical carcinoma; an inordinate pattern of multiple primaries; and occurrence at a young age. Approximately 70% of the cases can be attributed to TP53 germ-line mutation 73% of which are located in the coding regions of exons 5 to 8. The index patient is a 25 year old woman presenting in 2002 with abdominal pain, anorexia and vomiting leading to the diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor confirmed by IHC-the second such case reported with the syndrome. TP53 sequencing showed 151delG, a frameshift mutation in exon 4. The mutation results in a stop codon downstream. Results of IHC for gene expression are pending. She was initially treated with bleomycin, cisplatin and velban. Following recurrence in 2004, the patient was received Ifosfamide, cisplatin and etoposide followed by the substitution of paclitaxel for Ifosfamide after development of encephalopathy. Disease progression eventuated in pelvic radiation and, with the development of CNS metastases, whole brain radiation. She was transferred to the Mary Crowley Medical Research Center, Dallas, for evaluation for compassionate protocol administration of Advexin, a replication-defective adenoviral vector containing a CMV promoter, wild-type human p53 cDNA, and an SV40 polyadenylation signal in a minigene cassette inserted into the E1-deleted region of adenovirus-5. Following stabilization of her medical condition to ECOG 1, the patient qualified for an IRB- approved compassionate protocol in accord with which she received intratumoral Advexin, 2×1012 vp/injection, twice weekly every 28 days. Reactions were limited to grade 1 edno injection pain and grade 1 cytokine flare. After 5 injections there was a significant change in tumor resistance to needle insertion and a repeat PET scan confirmed a complete loss of 2,3-FDG at the injection target site. Biopsy results and p53 expression data will be reviewed. This is the first case of malignancy in Li-Fraumeni syndrome treated with adenoviral-mediated p53 gene therapy.
Defective lipoxin-mediated anti-inflammatory activity in the cystic fibrosis airway
Authors: Christopher L Karp, Leah M Flick, Kiwon W Park, Samir Softic, Todd M Greer, Raquel Keledjian, Rong Yang, Jasim Uddin, William B Guggino, Sowsan F Atabani, Yasmine Belkaid, Yan Xu, Jeffrey A Whitsett, Frank J Accurso, Marsha Wills-Karp, Nicos A Petasis
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Brown spots in the bowel
Authors: D R Gaya
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: Multiple treatment strategies for subjects with high grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's oesophagus (BO) have been suggested.However, it is unclear which of these strategies provides the greatest life expectancy, and the costs associated with the management strategies are unknown.Aim: To compare the efficacy and cost effectiveness of competing management strategies for BO with HGD.Methods: We created a decision analysis model in Data 4.0 to assess possible treatment strategies for BO with HGD.The strategies included: (1) no preventative strategy, (2) elective surgical oesophagectomy, (3) endoscopic ablation, and (4) surveillance endoscopy.The base case was a healthy 50 year old White male with an initial diagnosis of BO with HGD.The model allowed for complications of surgery, including death.Ablative therapy could cause stricture or perforation.Pathological misinterpretation was allowed, and modelled after reported rates.Estimates were derived from the literature for the rate of progression of HGD to cancer and for complication rates for the various treatment modalities.The endoscopic ablation arm was modelled as photodynamic therapy.Sensitivity analyses were performed over a wide range of cancer incidences, complication rates, and procedure costs.Results: Endoscopic ablation was the most effective strategy, yielding 15.5 discounted quality adjusted life years (dQALY), compared with 15.0 for endoscopic surveillance and 14.9 for oesophagectomy.No preventative strategy was the most inexpensive option, yielding an average cost per quality adjusted life year of $54 (J44) per dQALY, but resulted in high rates of cancer.Endoscopic surveillance dominated oesophagectomy, being both less costly and more effective.The condition of extended dominance occurred when comparing endoscopic ablation to endoscopic surveillance because, although the total costs of ablation were greater than those of surveillance, it was less expensive to buy an additional life year using endoscopic ablation than endoscopic surveillance.The incremental cost effectiveness ratio when moving from no therapy to ablative therapy was a reasonable $25 621/dQALY (J21 009/dQALY).Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when yearly rates of progression to cancer from HGD exceeded 30%, oesophagectomy became the most cost effective option.Conclusions: A strategy of endoscopic ablation provided the longest quality adjusted life expectancy for BO with HGD.Although endoscopic surveillance was less expensive than endoscopic ablation, it was associated with shorter survival.Optimal utilisation of healthcare resources may be achieved with endoscopic ablative therapy for BO with HGD.
Role of Coronary Collateral Vessels During Transient Coronary Occlusion During Angioplasty Assessed by Hemodynamic, Electrocardiographic and Metabolic Changes
Authors: Kyoichi Mizuno, Kenji Horiuchi, Hirosuke Matui, Akira Miyamoto, Ko Arakawa, Toshio Shibuya, Akira Kurita, Haruo Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Cohort study of risk of fracture before and after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: P. Vestergaard
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To study whether fracture risk before and after surgery was increased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Three Danish university hospitals. <b>Participants:</b> 674 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (median age 61, range 13–89 years) operated on during the period 1 January 1979 to 31 December 1997; 2021 age and sex matched controls from national patient register. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Fractures. <b>Results:</b> The cases had an increased relative rate of fractures compared with the controls before surgery (1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.3) but not after surgery (1.0, 0.8 to 1.3). The risk of fracture was increased for the vertebrae (3.5, 1.3 to 9.7), the distal part of the lower leg and ankles (2.3, 1.2 to 4.3), and the non-distal part of the forearm (4.0, 1.5 to 10.6) before surgery but not after. The increase in risk of fracture began about 10 years before surgery. Risk peaked 5–6 years before surgery and remained raised, although at a lower level, in the five years immediately before surgery. A small increase in risk of fracture of the distal forearm emerged more than 10 years after surgery (2.9, 1.3 to 6.7). <b>Conclusions:</b> Risk of fracture is increased up to 10 years before surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The risk returns to normal after surgery.
LANGE'S COLLOIDAL GOLD CHLORID TEST ON THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
Authors: C. G. GRULEE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Anyone who had much experience with the Wassermann reaction and other laboratory tests as applied to diagnosis of congenital syphilis must feel that such reactions are entirely inadequate, and this especially applies to those cases in which they are most needed, that is, in very young infants. Zsigmondy<sup>1</sup>has shown that certain albuminous bodies when brought in contact with a solution of colloidal gold in the presence of an electrolyte, would, in certain concentrations, cause a clumping together of the small collodial particles producing various changes in color and even precipitation. He also found that when these albuminous substances were in less dilute solutions they possessed a protecting power which prevented precipitation. Furthermore, it was noted that the point at which protection ceased and precipitation began was different for each albumin. Lange, therefore, concluded to try the effect of spinal fluids on colloidal gold solutions. Very shortly Lange found that when
Oesophageal Stenosis - A Complication of Sclerotherapy of Oesophageal Varices
Authors: H. Schellong, Ph. v. Maercke, G. Bueß, H. Pichlmaier
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

A total of 246 non-selected patients with oesophageal variceal haemorrhage were treated with the intravascular high-pressure injection technique. Approximately 200 ml of the sclerosant were injected in three sessions. Reliable destruction of the varices in the absence of necrosis/ulceration along the variceal "column" must be considered doubtful. Owing to misplaced (paravasal) injection, 11 patients (4.4%) developed an oesophageal stenosis. All these stenoses were curatively treated with the ESKA-Buess multiple-diameter bougie. The stenosis can be negotiated under endoscopic vision, and, in the immediately following bougienage procedure, dilated up to 16 mm. The presence of mucosal bridges in the stenotic oesophagus is essential for curative bougienage. The use of a circular paravascular injection technique in the distal oesophageal mucosa is not to be recommended.
Response to Comment on: Pantalone et al. The Risk of Overall Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Glipizide, Glyburide, or Glimepiride Monotherapy: A Retrospective Analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1224–1229
Authors: Kevin M. Pantalone, Michael W. Kattan, Brian J. Wells, Robert S. Zimmerman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We kindly thank Dr. Khalangot for his comments (1). The literature contains conflicting results regarding whether an increased overall mortality (or cardiovascular mortality) risk accompanies the various sulfonylureas (2–5). The reason for this discrepancy is likely multifactorial as these reports differ in terms of their design and study populations, as well as their choice of variables for which adjustments were made, many of which can result in considerable confounding if not properly adjusted. Failure to adjust for variables such as socio-economic status, smoking status, as well as other medications (cholesterol lowering, antiplatelet, and antihypertensive) and comorbidities can result in …
Allergic respiratory diseases and environmental pollution: experience in the printing/paper-manufacturing industry
Authors: G. Papa, D. Quaratino, M. Fonso, F. Giuffreda, A. Romano, A. Venuti
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Several studies have shown a correlation between airborne pollutants and respiratory disorders. To determine whether professional exposure to industrial pollution might represent a risk factor for allergic respiratory diseases, we administered allergologic tests to 275 workers employed in a paper-making/printing factory and to a control population composed of 160 office workers from the same urban area. All subjects were evaluated on the basis of personal and family histories, the results of prick tests with common airborne allergens, specific serum IgE levels, pulmonary function test, and standard chest radiography. The percentage of subjects with allergies in the factory-worker group (67/275; 24.4%) was significantly higher than that observed among the office workers (20/160; 12.5%) (chi-square test: 8.17; P < 0.01). Of the 67 factory workers with allergies, 94% had histories of daily exposure to aliphatic hydrocarbons. The results of this study indicate that exposure to the latter type of industrial pollutants is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases.
A History and Theory of Informed Consent
Authors: Arthur L. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Not too long ago I witnessed an incident in a large teaching hospital in which consent to perform an amputation was secured from a patient in a particularly disturbing manner. A senior attending physician had been trying for a few days to persuade an older patient suffering from diabetes to give permission for a below-the-knee amputation of his gangrenous left leg. While taking a group of residents on rounds he mentioned that he had had an especially hard time obtaining permission for an operation that he believed was absolutely essential to save the patient's life. He pointed to one of the residents and said "part of the job of being a physician is to deal with problems like this—get the damn consent." The young resident trotted off to find the reluctant patient. About 20 minutes later he emerged triumphant from the patient's room waving a signed consent form for all
An Evaluation of Evaluations
Authors: S. MOUCHLY SMALL, PETER F. REGAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Physicians will be subject to periodic reexamination in the course of their professional careers. There is an urgent need to determine correlations between test results on examinations now being used and the actual competence of physicians in their clinical practice situations. The authors review several facets of the present status of testing: the internal reliability of tests, their content, and various testing methodologies. Data in all of these areas illustrate the difficulties involved in testing clinical competence and emphasize the need for research and action.
How often does surgery for peptic ulceration eradicate Helicobacter pylori? Systematic review of 36 studies
Authors: J. Danesh, P. Appleby, R. Peto
Journal: BMJ (1998)

ratio for microalbuminuria was only 1.8 in a recent overview. 5 The question arises why analysis of QT interval should be able to predict cardiac death.QT dispersion may be a composite term reflecting electrical inhomogeneity as a result of ischaemia, left ventricular dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and autonomic neuropathy.Each one of these individually confers increased cardiac risk, and this may be why QT dispersion, as a composite of them, is highly predictive of cardiac death.The clinical value of analysing the QT interval may therefore be that it could be used as a screening test to select diabetic patients for more extensive cardiac investigations.Importantly, the time between measuring a prolonged QT interval and the subsequent cardiac death is many years, which provides ample opportunity to intervene.
Theodore Edward Waine
Authors: H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant anaesthetist Coventry hospitals (b Dublin 1910; q St George's 1937; FRCA), d 1 February 2002. 

Theodore qualified as a dental surgeon before training as a doctor. During the second world war he was a singlehanded general practitioner at Byfield, Northamptonshire. A person of strong opinions, during his 25 years in Coventry he was very involved in anaesthetic and medical management. He developed the widely used Cape-Waine ventilator. Predeceased by his wife, Goody, he leaves two sons and three grandchildren.
Abstract 3614: Humanin Analog Improves Myocardial Survival and Cardiac Function via Activation of AMPK and Regulation of Apoptosis
Authors: John Calvert, Derek Huffman, Saurabh Jha, Yoni Weinberg, Susheel Gundewar, Lingguang Cui, Sang Li, Anjana Nemkal, David Lefer, Radhika Muzumdar
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Humanin, an endogenous anti-apoptotic peptide, has been shown to protect against Alzheimer’s disease and various cellular insults. We evaluated the potential of a potent analog of human...
Applying low disease activity criteria using the DAS28 to assess stability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: H J M Vrijhoef
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

To examine whether low disease activity criteria using the disease activity score (DAS28) can be applied to identify a reasonably large number of patients with stable low disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a six month period, with the ultimate intention of including these patients in a substitution based, shared care model. Additionally, to assess the reliability of the DAS28 for selecting patients with stable disease from an outpatient population.Patients regularly seen at the rheumatology outpatient department of the university hospital Maastricht, were invited for assessment of the stability of their RA. The shared care model was intended to provide care to patients with stable, low disease activity of RA by nurse specialists. For this, patients underwent assessments using the DAS28 criteria at entry and three and six months later. Test-retest reliability was assessed for composing measures as well as for the DAS28.Of the 97 outpatients included, one third (31 patients) did not complete the study. Patients with missing data were older and assessed their disease activity as greater than patients with complete data. Applying the low disease activity criteria to assess stability over a period of six months (DAS28(T0)</=3.2 and DAS28(T6)-DAS28(T0)</=1.2) resulted in identification of 22/56 (39%) patients with stable, low disease activity of RA. A good similarity score (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.82) for the DAS28 was found.The low disease activity criteria using the DAS28 can be used to select patients with stable, low disease activity of RA from a rheumatic outpatient population.
Ghrelin and hypothalamic development: too little and too much of a good thing
Authors: Jenny Tong, David D’Alessio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Neural centers in the hypothalamus regulate food intake and body weight in response to hormones and other neural stimuli, and dysfunctional communication between the brain and gut underlies metabolic disorders, including obesity. In this issue of the JCI, Steculorum and colleagues present evidence that the gastric peptide ghrelin mediates neural fiber growth in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus during the neonatal period. Neonatal mice subjected to either increased or decreased ghrelin action during this developmental period had an increased risk of obesity in adulthood. Together, the results of this study support a model whereby neural organization at key stages of development sets the foundation for metabolic health later in life.
The pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor and the corticotroph phenotype in ectopic ACTH syndrome.
Authors: Y de Keyzer, F Lenne, C Auzan, S Jégou, P René, H Vaudry, J M Kuhn, J P Luton, E Clauser, X Bertagna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Ectopic ACTH secretion occurs in highly differentiated and rather indolent tumors like bronchial carcinoids or, in contrast, in various types of aggressive and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. We explored this phenomenon using the recently cloned human pituitary V3 vasopressin receptor as an alternate molecular marker of the corticotroph phenotype. Expression of V3 receptor, corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) receptor, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) genes was examined in tumors of pituitary and nonpituitary origin. A comparative RT-PCR approach revealed signals for both V3 receptor and CHR receptor mRNAs in 17 of 18 ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, and 6 of 6 normal pituitaries; in six growth hormone- or prolactin-secreting adenomas, a very faint V3 receptor signal was observed in three cases, and CRH receptor signal was undetected in all. Six of eight bronchial carcinoids responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome had both POMC and V3 receptor signals as high as those in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas; in contrast, no POMC signal and only a very faint V3 receptor signal were detected in six of eight nonsecreting bronchial carcinoids. Northern blot analysis showed V3 receptor mRNA of identical size in ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoids and pituitary tumors. Other types of nonpituitary tumors responsible for ectopic ACTH syndrome presented much lower levels of both POMC and V3 receptor gene expression than those found in ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoids. In contrast with the V3 receptor, CRH receptor mRNA was detected in the majority of neuroendocrine tumors irrespective of their POMC status. These results show that expression of the V3 receptor gene participates in the corticotroph phenotype. Its striking association with ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoids defines a subset of nonpituitary tumors in which ectopic POMC gene expression is but one aspect of a wider process of corticotroph cell differentiation, and opens new possibilities of pharmacological investigations and even manipulations of this peculiar ACTH hypersecretory syndrome.
Relationship between Urinary Phthalate and Bisphenol A Concentrations and Serum Thyroid Measures in U.S. Adults and Adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008
Authors: John D. Meeker, Kelly K. Ferguson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Limited animal, in vitro, and human studies have reported that exposure to phthalates or bisphenol A (BPA) may affect thyroid signaling.
The volume of embolic particles retrieved via distal protection is similar with either occlusion balloon or filter, but markedly lower in carotid arterial than saphenous vein graft interventions
Authors: Arun Kuchela, Andrew C. Eisenhauer, Rany Huynh, Bernard Chevalier, Joachim Schofer, Philip A. Seifert, Natalie D. Macon, Campbell Rogers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)