tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Locked-in" Syndrome: Report of Seven Cases
Authors: C. H. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Seven cases of the "locked-in" syndrome are described. This is a disorder in which a conscious, mute patient is completely paralysed apart from some form of eye movement, usually as a result of an infarct in the ventral pons. Such patients are often assumed to be in coma and as a result may be distressed by inappropriate conversation around the bedside.
The Antidote for Unprepared Patients
Authors: Daniel D. Matlock, John M. Mandrola
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Chromosomal instability and cancer: a complex relationship with therapeutic potential
Authors: Samuel F. Bakhoum, Duane A. Compton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of human neoplasms. Despite its widespread prevalence, knowledge of the mechanisms and contributions of CIN in cancer has been elusive. It is now evident that the role of CIN in tumor initiation and growth is more complex than previously thought. Furthermore, distinguishing CIN, which consists of elevated rates of chromosome missegregation, from aneuploidy, which is a state of abnormal chromosome number, is crucial to understanding their respective contributions in cancer. Collectively, experimental evidence suggests that CIN enables tumor adaptation by allowing tumors to constantly sample the aneuploid fitness landscape. This complex relationship, together with the potential to pharmacologically influence chromosome missegregation frequencies in cancer cells, offers previously unrecognized means to limit tumor growth and its response to therapy.
Reappraisal of the secretory potency and disappearance rate of pure human minigastrin.
Authors: D C Carter, I L Taylor, J Elashoff, M I Grossman
Journal: Gut (1979)

The secretory potency and disappearance rates of pure synthetic human non-sulphated minigastrin (HG-14-I) and pure natural human non-sulphated heptadecapeptide (HG-17-I) were compared in five dogs with gastric fistulas and Heidenhain pouches. Intravenous infusion of equimolar doses of the two gastrins produced equimolar increases over basal of serum immunoreactive gastrin and no statistically significant differences in acid output. Also HG-14-I and HG-17-I did not differ significantly in half-times for disappearance, clearance rates, calculated volumes of distribution, or mean plateau serum levels.
Recombinant lys-plasminogen, but not glu-plasminogen, improves recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced coronary thrombolysis in dogs
Authors: Jawahar L. Mehta, Liying Chen, Wilmer W. Nichols, Marie Johannesen, Claus Bregengrd, Ulla Hedner, Tom G.P. Saldeen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Gogarty and Joyce
Authors: J. B. Lyons
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Some of my best friends in the United States are Joyce scholars. I am sure that Michael D. Decker, MD (242:1139, 1979), will be added to their number if he looks me up when he makes the obligatory pilgrimage to the Martello Tower in Sandycove. Meanwhile, however, his views and mine on the Joyce-Gogarty quarrel are not exactly in accord. Decker is hardly correct in saying that James Joyce "originally secured" the Martello Tower; the enterprise was Oliver St John Gogarty's, and he leased it from the War Office. Joyce was not really "expelled"; a timid soul in many ways, he fled into the night but was, in any case, a transient. I know of no evidence to suggest "professional rivalry" between the young men. Neither had made other than the most tentative steps toward literary careers in the early 1900s. They were at a stage when
Strangulated Umbilical Hernia: Removal of Six Inches of Small Intestine: Recovery
Authors: W. H. Folker
Journal: BMJ (1885)

THE BRITISH MEDICAATURKAZ.appearance.The fxcal discharge, however, continued more or less for twelve days, and then stopped, the wound discharging only a little pus, and the cavity caused by the sinking of the stump lessening every day.The patient daily improved in appearance; but eight days later, that is, on July 17th, a small quantity of faecal discharge again came through the lower angle of the wound; but she was able to leave her bed and lie upon a sofa, and is now almost quite con- valescent.The PRESIDENT, in inviting discussion, expressed his own opinion that, in cases in which no other treatment availed, and in which the woman's life was threatened, it was obviously correct to remove the appendages.Dr. PLAYFAIR (London) said that every one would fully acknowledge the great value of Mr. Tait's paper.It was impossible not to recog- nise the enthusiasm with which he worked at this subject, and the value of the results he had to show.He would venture.tosuggest, however, that Mr. Tait had first made his enemy, and constructed his opposition, which he had demolished with such knock-down blows.So far as he knew, all advanced gynaecologists fully recognised the importance of this operation in all suitable cases of bleeding myomata,
Frequency of Surveillance for Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Todd LarRieu Sack
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Low-Birth-Weight Infant — Evolution of a Changing Outlook
Authors: Maureen Hack, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Irwin R. Merkatz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IMPROVED survival of neonates at high risk, particularly those with a very low birth weight (less than 1500 g), has now been described in this country and abroad.1 , 2 A major concern persists, however, that this improved survival may be accompanied by an increase in the number of permanently handicapped and damaged children. Since the costs of sustaining life for such small and immature infants are enormous,3 the investment of money and manpower would be difficult to justify if, indeed, the long-term outlook was less than favorable. Reassuringly, most current follow-up studies demonstrate that accompanying the improved survival there is a . . .
Perifosine and sorafenib combination induces mitochondrial cell death and antitumor effects in NOD/SCID mice with Hodgkin lymphoma cell line xenografts
Authors: S L Locatelli, A Giacomini, A Guidetti, L Cleris, R Mortarini, A Anichini, A M Gianni, C Carlo-Stella
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
How the Sacrum Got Its Name
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The os sacrum (sacred bone) was so named by the Romans as a direct translation from the older Greek<i>hieron</i>osteon. Explanations of the attribute "sacred" or "holy" in the past have included misinterpretation of the Greek word<i>hieron</i>, use of the bone in sacrificial rites, the role of the bone in protecting the genitalia (themselves considered sacred), and the necessity for the intactness of this bone as a nidus for resurrection at the Day of Judgment. A more plausible explanation may be that the holiness of the sacral bone was an attribute borrowed from the ancient Egyptians, who considered this bone sacred to Osiris, the god of resurrection and of agriculture. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2061-2063)
Proline is not useful as a chemical probe to measure nitrosation in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with gastric disorders characterised by anacidic conditions.
Authors: B Adam, P Schlag, P Friedl, R Preussmann, G Eisenbrand
Journal: Gut (1989)

Aspirated fasting gastric juice from patients with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and from healthy controls was analysed for nitrite before and after (30, 90, and 240 min) oral administration of 200 mg nitrate. Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests showed no significant differences in fasting gastric juice nitrite concentrations between healthy controls and patients after proximal gastral vagotomy or with gastric/duodenal ulcer (median less than or equal to 0.7 ppm NO-2) and only moderate increases after nitrate administration. Chronic atrophic gastritis patients and patients with Billroth I or II gastric resections showed median concentrations of 2 ppm NO-2 which increased to 20 ppm (up to 200 ppm in one Billroth II patient) after administration of nitrate. Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline using the NPRO-test was determined in two groups with low (healthy control and proximal gastral vagotomy patients) and high (Billroth I and II patients) gastric nitrite concentrations. After 12 h fasting, 200 mg nitrate was orally administered, followed 30 min later by 500 mg L-proline. Endogenously formed N-nitrosoproline which is quantitatively excreted in urine was determined in urine over the following 24 hours. In over 80% of the urine samples collected from Billroth I and II patients no detectable NPRO was found whilst in over 85% of the healthy controls and proximal gastral vagotomy patients up to 33.5 micrograms NPRO was detected. In vitro nitrosation kinetics showed that at gastric pH greater than 4 present in both, patients with Billroth I and II resections and with chronic atrophic gastritis, nitrosation of proline does not occur. As alternative chemical probes for quantifying potential endogenous nitrosation in hypoacidic patients the methyl and ethyl esters of proline were investigated. In vivo nitrosation of these two new probes was established in animal experiments using rats and was shown to occur in vitro at pH 4-5. During incubation in human gastric juice, however, almost 30% ester cleavage by non-specific gastric esterases occurred within the first five minutes, thus further limiting the use of these compounds in determining endogenous nitrosation in hypoacidic patients.
Antitoxin in Malignant Diphtheria: A Comparative Test
Authors: B. A. Peters
Journal: BMJ (1938)

BRDTISH ' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MIEDICAL JOU1RNALduring which period there was no fever.She was compara- tively well for a month, when pyelitis set in, with eventual heart failure and uraemia.Case 16.-A boy aged 12 was diagnosed as suffering from undulant fever, and this was confirmed by the positive blood- serum reaction.His temperature at the beginning of treat- ment was 104°F., and he had a considerable amount of bronchial catarrh; this improved with an expectorant and with poultices, but the fever remained high and was still 103' F. on the evening of the tenth day, although he had been given six tablets of prontosil red daily.This was now suspended, as albuminuria and casts appeared in the urine, and it was feared that prontosil, if not the actual cause, might still further accentuate the renal condition.After a month the boy gradually improved and his appetite returned.Albumin
Substance Use and Abuse-Reply
Authors: John J. Ambre
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —The well-known and widely available publication of the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition  1 provides guidelines in terms of diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between psychoactive substance use and abuse or dependence . In an introductory section, there is discussion of the fact that use of certain substances under certain circumstances in our society is generally considered normal and that the diagnostic term abuse is applied to a maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by continued use in the face of social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems caused or aggravated by that use or recurrent use in situations when use is physically hazardous.  I am not certain of the meaning in Ms Thomson's letter because it is not stated directly, but I assume she is saying that she thinks the term use rather than abuse was applied to the data in the
Therapeutic Advantage of Hypoxic Cells in Tumors: A Theoretical Study
Authors: J. M. Brown, A. Koong
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The presence of hypoxic cells in solid tumors has long been considered a problem in cancer treatment, particularly for radiation therapy but also for treatment with some anticancer drugs. Three general strategies are being actively explored to overcome the problem: oxygenating the tumor, sensitizing the hypoxic cells to radiation (or chemotherapy), or killing the hypoxic cells (with a hypoxic cell cytotoxin). In the present study, we have examined the impact of each of these three strategies on a standard radiation therapy regimen (30 doses of 2 Gy), using either of two major assumptions: full reoxygenation or no reoxygenation of the tumor cells. We demonstrate that a hypoxic cell cytotoxin can produce a level of tumor cell killing higher (by several orders of magnitude) than that produced by full oxygenation of a tumor or by use of an optimum hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, provided the cytotoxin kills more than approximately 50% of the hypoxic cells each time it is given. The only assumption that makes a difference is whether reoxygenation occurs: In the worst case (ie, no reoxygenation), the hypoxic cell cytotoxin performs only as well as an optimum radiosensitizer. The analysis shows that hypoxic cells in tumors can be a major therapeutic advantage. Therefore, we recommend that research efforts be concentrated on development of superior hypoxic cell cytotoxins rather than improved hypoxic cell radiosensitizers and that, in parallel, emphasis be placed on development of agents to increase hypoxia. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:178–185, 1991]
When the Blood Glucose and the HbA1c Don’t Match: Turning Uncertainty Into Opportunity
Authors: Robert M. Cohen, Christopher J. Lindsell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Acentral principle in science and medicine is that the more independent pieces of evidence there are that agree, the more convincing it is that a hypothesis—or diagnosis—is valid. The opposite is also true: discordant information leads to uncertainty. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for clinicians caring for people with diabetes to encounter individuals in whom HbA1c and blood glucose simply do not match. Sometimes, there is an obvious explanation such as hemolytic anemia. But when it occurs in people with reliable blood glucose records and ostensibly normal peripheral blood and reticulocyte counts, without evidence of hemoglobinopathy, hemolytic disorder, blood loss/transfusion, or nutritional deficiency such as iron, folate, or vitamin B12, we are left with the questions of how the discordant information should be treated and what it means for patient care.

Part of the challenge is that even the best characterization of the association between HbA1c and blood glucose shows an imperfect relationship in populations. For example, at an HbA1c of 6.0%, the mean blood glucose has a 95% CI ranging from 100 to 152 mg/dL. This overlaps with the 95% CI for the mean blood glucose at an HbA1c of 7.0%, which is 123–185 mg/dL (1). Such wide variation reinforces the notion that HbA1c and blood glucose are not exactly equivalent. Moreover, it raises the question of whether a binary cut point for HbA1c in the diagnosis of diabetes, such as 6.5% (2), is an adequate representation of blood glucose and suggests that reliance only on HbA1c could miss persons with diabetes and falsely diagnose those without (3,4). But, if we obtain both glucose measurements and HbA1c, we are left with what to do with discordant information.

Three explanations are commonly advanced to explain the spread in the …
Vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein promotes activation of hepatic stellate cells by regulating Rab11‐dependent plasma membrane targeting of transforming growth factor beta receptors
Authors: Kangsheng Tu, Jiachu Li, Vikas K. Verma, Chunsheng Liu, Daniel D. Billadeau, Georg Lamprecht, Xiaoyu Xiang, Luyang Guo, Renumathy Dhanasekaran, Lewis R. Roberts, Vijay H. Shah, Ningling Kang
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Liver microenvironment is a critical determinant for development and progression of liver metastasis. Under transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) stimulation, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are liver‐specific pericytes, transdifferentiate into tumor‐associated myofibroblasts that promote tumor implantation (TI) and growth in the liver. However, the regulation of this HSC activation process remains poorly understood. In this study, we tested whether vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) of HSCs regulated the TGF‐β‐mediated HSC activation process and tumor growth. In both an experimental liver metastasis mouse model and cancer patients, colorectal cancer cells reaching liver sinusoids induced up‐regulation of VASP and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in adjacent HSCs. VASP knockdown in HSCs inhibited TGF‐β‐mediated myofibroblastic activation of HSCs, TI, and growth in mice. Mechanistically, VASP formed protein complexes with TGF‐β receptor II (TβRII) and Rab11, a Ras‐like small GTPase and key regulator of recycling endosomes. VASP knockdown impaired Rab11 activity and Rab11‐dependent targeting of TβRII to the plasma membrane, thereby desensitizing HSCs to TGF‐β1 stimulation. Conclusions : Our study demonstrates a requirement of VASP for TGF‐β‐mediated HSC activation in the tumor microenvironment by regulating Rab11‐dependent recycling of TβRII to the plasma membrane. VASP and its effector, Rab11, in the tumor microenvironment thus present therapeutic targets for reducing TI and metastatic growth in the liver. (H epatology 2015;61:361–374)
Variations in Hematologic Responses to Increased Lead Absorption in Young Children
Authors: J. Julian Chisolm, E. David Mellits, Julian E. Keil, Maureen B. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

In the study of human populations, much emphasis is placed on the concentration of lead in whole peripheral blood. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that this measurement reflects recent and current assimilation of lead. While broad ranges in blood lead concentration have been associated with differing risks of toxicity for groups, it is not a precise index of adverse effect per se, even at elevated levels. Within the red blood cell itself there is not a close association between the concentration of lead and such adverse metabolic effects as the increased loss of potassium caused by lead. Above the apparent "threshold zone" of approximately 30–50 μg Pb/100 ml whole blood, equivalent metabolic effects on heme synthesis may be seen over an interval of at least 20 μg Pb/100 ml whole blood. This variation will be examined with particular reference to the interrelationship between the concentrations of lead and protoporphyrin in peripheral blood. The data indicate that limitations in both precision and accuracy of measurement account for a relatively small fraction of the observed variations. Together with other experimental and clinical information, they suggest that concurrent dietary deficiency of iron may be one of the important modifying factors in the responses of subjects with increased lead absorption. It is suggested that suspected adverse effects upon the various organ systems associated with increased lead absorption be measured directly and that the CaEDTA mobilization test for lead should be more fully explored as a measure of the "metabolically active" fraction of the total body lead burden.
Application of Bayes' theorem to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis from radioisotope bone scans.
Authors: B L Diffey, B Pal, C J Gibson, C B Clayton, I D Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The ratio of the uptake of radioactivity in each sacroiliac joint to the uptake in the sacrum has been measured in 57 patients with early ankylosing spondylitis and in 51 control subjects. The distribution of ratios of uptake obtained in each of these two groups shows appreciable overlap, and it is shown that the specification of a 'normal range' in this sort of situation can be misleading in the interpretation of the uptake ratio obtained in a given subject. An alternative approach described here is to use Bayes' theorem, which combines a probability based on the numerical value of the measured ratio with the pretest clinical impression about the likelihood of ankylosing spondylitis to yield a post-test probability of the presence of the disease.
Rapid point of care diagnostic tests for viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections—needs, advances, and future prospects
Authors: Alimuddin Zumla, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq, Virve I Enne, Mike Kidd, Christian Drosten, Judy Breuer, Marcel A Muller, David Hui, Markus Maeurer, Matthew Bates, Peter Mwaba, Rafaat Al-Hakeem, Gregory Gray, Philippe Gautret, Abdullah A Al-Rabeeah, Ziad A Memish, Vanya Gant
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)

Respiratory tract infections rank second as causes of adult and paediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Respiratory tract infections are caused by many different bacteria (including mycobacteria) and viruses, and rapid detection of pathogens in individual cases is crucial in achieving the best clinical management, public health surveillance, and control outcomes. Further challenges in improving management outcomes for respiratory tract infections exist: rapid identification of drug resistant pathogens; more widespread surveillance of infections, locally and internationally; and global responses to infections with pandemic potential. Developments in genome amplification have led to the discovery of several new respiratory pathogens, and sensitive PCR methods for the diagnostic work-up of these are available. Advances in technology have allowed for development of single and multiplexed PCR techniques that provide rapid detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens. Microarray-based multiplexing and nucleic-acid-based deep-sequencing methods allow simultaneous detection of pathogen nucleic acid and multiple antibiotic resistance, providing further hope in revolutionising rapid point of care respiratory tract infection diagnostics.