tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
To Err With Air
Authors: Homer V. Hartzell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE POPULARITY of the air contrast barium enema depends on two asserted reasons: (1) its ability to detect polyps that can be discovered by no other method and (2) the clarity of studies which result. When this method was used to the exclusion of others several serious mistakes caused us to question its worth. We recall other air contrast studies, such as air myelography, air hysterosalpingography, and air arthrography, that were at first enthusiastically accepted and later abandoned. We believe that perhaps this should be the fate of the air contrast barium enema. Numerous problems arise when the air contrast method is used. The most important of these are superimposition of redundant, distended loops of bowel, which causes confusing shadows; sessile lesions (which are the important ones) not adequately demonstrated; numerous artefacts and the attempt, by repetition of the study to tell true from false lesions. These problems are for
Update in Cardiology
Authors: Javier Sanz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Updates15 June 2010Update in CardiologyJavier Sanz, MD and Valentín Fuster, MD, PhDJavier Sanz, MDFrom Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.Search for more papers by this author and Valentín Fuster, MD, PhDFrom Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-12-201006150-00246 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This update summarizes 9 cardiology articles published in 2009 that were selected because of novelty, quality, and potential impact on clinical practice. Advances were particularly significant in the fields of antithrombotic therapy and management of multivessel coronary artery disease. Risk StratificationPrediction of Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk Pencina MJ , D'Agostino RB Sr , ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; the Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.Article relevant to primary care general internistsArticle relevant to hospitalistsDisclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M10-0267.Corresponding Author: Valentín Fuster, MD, PhD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029; e-mail, valentin.[email protected]edu.Current Author Addresses: Drs. Sanz and Fuster: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTime-dependent study entries and exposures in cohort studies can easily be sources of different and avoidable types of bias 15 June 2010Volume 152, Issue 12Page: 786-791KeywordsAspirinC-reactive proteinsCardiovascular therapyHeart failureInsulinLow density lipoproteinMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionPercutaneous coronary interventionRevascularization ePublished: 15 June 2010 Issue Published: 15 June 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cognitive Processes in Insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: Massimo Franceschi, Roberta Cecchetto, Fabio Minicucci, Salvatore Smizne, Giuseppina Baio, Nicola Canal
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Cognitive processes in a group of neurologically asymptomatic patients with relatively severe but uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied. In comparison with a homogeneous group of normoglycemic controls, the diabetic group performed significantly worse in global memory, abstract reasoning, and eye-hand coordination tests. The two groups scored similarly in intelligence, concentration and attention, spatial, visual, and psychomotor tests. The neuropsychological deficits did not correlate with the duration or the severity of the disease. Whether these mild neuropsychological deficits are transient or stable or whether they are caused by central nervous system vascular or metabolic dysfunctions or by the emotional influence of the chronic illness on the intellectual and educational development of patients remains unclear. Our findings need to be cautiously interpreted and perhaps could not be extended to diabetic patients with better metabolic control.
Coupling growth arrest and adipocyte differentiation.
Authors: G Ailhaud, C Dani, E Z Amri, P Djian, C Vannier, A Doglio, C Forest, D Gaillard, R Négrel, P Grimaldi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The complete differentiation program of preadipose cells can be divided into early and late events. The expression of early markers takes place at growth arrest (G1/S boundary), whereas that of late markers, leading to terminal differentiation, takes place after a limited number of mitoses of early marker-containing cells. Only terminal differentiation requires the presence of growth hormone and triiodothyronine and results in the formation of triacylglycerol-filled, nondividing cells. The events of adipose cell differentiation which take place in vitro allow a better understanding of the development of adipose tissue in vivo.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is induced by respiratory syncytial virus–infected airway epithelial cells and promotes a type 2 response to infection
Authors: Hai-Chon Lee, Mark B. Headley, Yueh-Ming Loo, Aaron Berlin, Michael Gale, Jason S. Debley, Nicholas W. Lukacs, Steven F. Ziegler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Functional changes of monocytes due to dialysis membranes
Authors: Dario Roccatello, Gianna Mazzucco, Rosanna Coppo, Giuseppe Piccoli, Cristiana Rollino, Berta Scalzo, Maria Grazia Guerra, Guido Cavalli, Osvaldo Giachino, Alessandro Amore, Fabio Malavasi, Luigi Massimino Sena
Journal: Kidney International (1989)
Southall defends keeping private case files for child protection work
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The paediatrician David Southall this week defended his practice of keeping “special case files” separately from patients' medical records, at a General Medical Council hearing in London. Professor Southall is facing the GMC's fitness to practise committee, accused of serious professional misconduct. 

He is accused of “keeping what amounted to secret medical records” on four children in his care and of failing to respect the privacy and dignity of their mothers. 

Earlier this month a woman named only as Mrs M testified that Professor Southall accused her of murdering her son, who was found hanging in his bedroom ( BMJ 2006;333:1036). An inquest into the child's death ended in an open verdict. 

As Professor Southall opened his defence, he argued that the “special case files” contained documents relating to …
Malaria diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
Authors: D E Bidwell, A Voller
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detecting malarial parasites in blood were tested on uninfected monkeys and in monkeys infected with Plasmodium falciparum. A double antibody sandwich ELISA detected one malarial cell per 10(3) uninfected cells, and an inhibition ELISA detected on infected cell per 10(4) uninfected erythrocytes. These methods are not yet as sensitive as conventional blood-film examinations, in which a well-trained microscopist might be expected to detect one malarial cell per 10(6) erythrocytes. Nevertheless, ELISA offers an objective means of detecting malaria and is particularly advantageous since up to 100 samples may be processed simultaneously.
Report of the NHLBI Working Group on Research in Coronary Heart Disease in Blacks.
Authors: C Lenfant
Journal: Circulation (1994)

D espite impressive progress over the past several decades, diseases of the heart remain the leading cause of death for US men and women, and coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for the largest share of deaths within that category.CHD is particularly important in blacks due to the higher prevalence of major CHD risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and left ventricular hypertrophy.Recent technological advances in the basic sciences provided unprecedented opportunities for new re- search to elucidate the pathogenesis of CHD in blacks, to improve management and treatment, and, ulti- mately, to develop effective preventive strategies.To identify these new opportunities and chart a course for future research efforts, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened the Working Group on Coronary Heart Disease in Blacks in 1992.Comprising national experts in basic, clinical, population-based, behavior, and prevention research, the Working Group was charged to review the state of knowledge over the past 5 years; explore the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie CHD in blacks; identify opportunities for development and assessment of new and improved approaches for clin- ical interventions and preventive and educational measures; and develop a specific plan, including sci- entific priorities, for NHLBI support of research on CHD in blacks during the next several years.The summary that follows was prepared by the Working Group to highlight its overall findings.Re-
Disseminated North American Blastomycosis
Authors: David E. Eberle
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Adrenal involvement in cases of disseminated North American blastomycosis occurs frequently, but clinically substantive adrenal insufficiency is rare. An unusual case of disseminated blastomycosis with clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency was found. One should be alert to the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency that may develop in patients with disseminated mycoses. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2629-2630, 1977)
Mutations in the cyclin family member FAM58A cause an X-linked dominant disorder characterized by syndactyly, telecanthus and anogenital and renal malformations
Authors: Sheila Unger, Detlef Böhm, Frank J Kaiser, Silke Kaulfuß, Wiktor Borozdin, Karin Buiting, Peter Burfeind, Johann Böhm, Francisco Barrionuevo, Alexander Craig, Kristi Borowski, Kim Keppler-Noreuil, Thomas Schmitt-Mechelke, Bernhard Steiner, Deborah Bartholdi, Johannes Lemke, Geert Mortier, Richard Sandford, Bernhard Zabel, Andrea Superti-Furga, Jürgen Kohlhase
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Fatal Agranulocytosis During Treatment with Amodiaquine
Authors: L. Glick
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA BEDICAsJOURNALin the series of 12 intussusceptions referred to above, appendicectomy was performed in five cases, with no dele- terious effects on post-operative recovery.No reference has been found to intussusception precipitating acute appendicitis by obstructing the lumen of the appendix.In view of the outwardly innocuous appearance of the appendix in the case described, it is felt justified to urge appendicectomy in intussusception if the appendix shows the slightest abnor- mality.This should apply especially to children over the age of 2. Gross (1953) states that "mere engorgement and swelling of an ap"endix is not a sufficient indication for appendicectomy....The cautious operator will not remove the appendix unless it is gangrenous and its vessels throm- bosed."A plea is entered to modify this attitude.I should like to thank Mr. A.
The Role of Data Audits in Detecting Scientific Misconduct
Authors: Wilbert S. Aronow
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  In reply to Dr Rennie's editorial, 1 which makes some excellent points, I wish to make the following comments:  All of my published research data are scientifically valid.  During a Food and Drug Administration audit in 1979, while under emotional stress, I made and later retracted the statement that I had falsified the interpretation of chest x-ray films that were interpreted without knowledge of whether double-blind drug or placebo was administered. Dr Henry A. Swett, chief of Clinical Radiology at Yale University School of Medicine, reviewed these chest x-ray films in 1979 on a blinded basis for an independent third party and found no significant differences between his interpretations and our reported data, thereby confirming the validity of my data.  To add to the general discussion, I would also like to suggest that published reports and editorials in scientific journals not be based on secondhand news
Cinefluorographic and Hemodynamic Studies of Patients with Obstruction to the Outflow of the Left Ventricle.
Authors: H. D. McIntosh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Cinefluorographic and Hemodynamic Studies of Patients with Obstruction to the Outflow of the Left Ventricle.H. D. McIntosh, M.D. (Assoc.), R. E. Whalen, M.D., A. I. Cohen, M.D., R. G. Sumner, M.D.H. D. McIntosh, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, R. E. Whalen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. I. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. G. Sumner, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-669_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNo Longer is it feasible to consider the presence of a gradient between the left ventricle and aorta as evidence of aortic valvular stenosis. Obstruction to outflow from the left ventricle may occur at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular level. The valvular obstruction may be acquired or congenital. The subvalvular stenosis may be due to a diaphragm or to muscular obstruction which is apparent only during systole. Supravalvular obstruction is due to a narrowing of the aorta just above the sinuses of Valsalva.Determination of the exact type of left ventricular outflow obstruction is imperative, since each lesion carries a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. D. McIntosh, M.D. (Assoc.); R. E. Whalen, M.D.; A. I. Cohen, M.D.; R. G. Sumner, M.D.Affiliations: Durham, N. C. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4 Page: 669-670 Keywords Aorta Hemodynamics Left ventricle Lesions Stenosis Systole ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Learning Theories and Medical Lectures: Add Little to Little and There Will Be a Big Pile
Authors: Robert C. Wallach
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  I was disappointed by the commentary in JAMA entitled  Theories Implicit in Medical School Lectures. 1 After pointing out correctly that medical school faculty rarely are trained as educators and that their lecture styles derive from personal experiences, Dr Cook goes on to name and describe four styles. He gives us two similes and two naive psychological styles and implies that medical school lecturers view learning as a passive process, while he waits for help from educational researchers and the evolution of new styles.  Learning by medical students is of overriding importance to our society, and this commentary is a smoke screen hiding the real issues. With all the throubles that beset the various aspects of medicine today, and in the past, the spectacular advances in the art, science, and provision of medical care cannot be denied. The vigor and productiveness of the discipline always
Helminthic infections among Peace Corps volunteers in Nepal
Authors: R. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  From February 1986 to December 1987 our clinic analyzed stool specimens from 209 Peace Corps volunteers. Volunteers are posted to villages in rural areas throughout Nepal. Most volunteers spend 27 months in the country. Approximately 30% live in the Terai (subtropical lowlands) and the rest live in the middle hill region of the country. The predominant illness in volunteers is diarrheal disease, which accounts for more than 50% of clinic visits.  In this study, we estimated the prevalence of helminthic infection and reviewed the length of time in the country prior to infection.  Study.—  A total of 209 volunteers submitted 994 specimens during their tours. Forty-one specimens were positive for helminths, 2 of which represented recurrent infections. There were no mixed helminthic infections, although helminths were found in association with other pathogens in 8 samples. Of the 209 volunteers, 29 (14%) had positive stool samples for
Prophylactic Treatment of Very Premature Infants with Human Surfactant
Authors: T. Allen Merritt, Mikko Hallman, Barry T. Bloom, Charles Berry, Kurt Benirschke, David Sahn, Thomas Key, David Edwards, Anna Liisa Jarvenpaa, Maija Pohjavuori, Kaisa Kankaanpaa, Marjatta Kunnas, Heikki Paatero, Juhani Rapola, Jaakko Jaaskelainen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We undertook a randomized, controlled trial to determine whether human surfactant administered endotracheally at birth to very premature infants (gestational age, 24 to 29 weeks) would prevent the respiratory distress syndrome or reduce its severity. Thirty-one treated infants (birth weight, 938 +/- 286 g) were compared in a blinded fashion with 29 control infants (birth weight, 964 +/- 174 g). The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was less than 2 in all infants, and phosphatidylglycerol was not present in amniotic fluid or tracheal fluids at birth, indicating a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs. The principal dependent variables were neonatal death, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the infant's requirement for respiratory support (and its complications). The surfactant-treated group had significantly fewer deaths than the control group (16 percent vs. 52 percent, P less than 0.001), fewer cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (16 percent vs. 31 percent), and significantly fewer cases of pulmonary interstitial emphysema (P less than 0.001) and pneumothorax (P less than 0.02). Prophylactic treatment with human surfactant also substantially reduced the period of neonatal intensive care. We conclude that treatment with human surfactant offers promise for improving the survival of very premature infants with a surfactant deficiency and for reducing the pulmonary sequelae of the respiratory distress syndrome.
Screening with spiral CT did not reduce lung cancer mortality in older male smokers
Authors: Andrea Bezjak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Infante M, Cavuto S, Lutman FR, et al. A randomized study of lung cancer screening with spiral computed tomography: three-year results from the DANTE trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180:445−53. 19520905
Abnormal Pancreatic Alpha-Cell Function in Bacterial Infections
Authors: Dalva Marreiro Rocha, Fausto Santeusanio, Gerald R. Faloona, Roger H. Unger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To determine the effect of infection on pancreatic alpha-cell function, plasma glucagon was measured in 22 nondiabetic patients hospitalized with bacterial infection. Glucagon averaged 409 ± 129 pg per milliliter(mean ± S.E.M.) in six patients with severe infection and 185 ± 31 pg per milliliter in 11 with moderate infection, values significantly greater than the mean fasting concentration of 75 ± 4 pg per milliliter found in healthy subjects. The elevated value in all groups returned to normal with recovery. Experimental pneumonococcal pneumonia in dogs was also associated with hyperglucagonemia. Hyperglucagonemia induced in alloxan-diabetic dogs by zinc glucagon given in addition to their usual insulin produced hyperglycemia, glycosuria and an increase in urine volume and urea excretion. Thus, in man and in dogs, infection appears to be accompanied by hyperglucagonemia. In diabetic dogs the glucagon elevation can cause worsening of the diabetic state. This effect may explain infection-induced deterioration frequently observed in diabetic patients.
Abstract PD08-03: Competing Causes of Mortality vs. Breast Cancer Mortality at 5-Years among 9766 Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor Positive Early Breast Cancer Treated on the TEAM Study of Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy
Authors: SE Jones, H Putter, A Hasenburg, CJH van de Velde, D Rea, J-M Vannetzel, R Paridaens, C Markopoulos, Y Hozumi, C. Seynaeve
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The TEAM (Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational) trial is a contemporary multinational study of the effects of 5 years of adjuvant hormonal therapy, either exemestane (E) or tamoxifen switching to E (TàE). Five-year results were presented at SABCS 2009 showing no difference in outcome between E vs TàE (Rea D, SABCS Abstract 11), thus giving us the opportunity to analyze the causes of mortality in the entire population of 9766 women. Methods: Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC) were randomized to E or TàE for 5 years after completion of surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy (when indicated), and radiation therapy based on local guidelines. All data were collected and analyzed at the Central Data Center in Leiden. The primary outcome of DFS as well as safety and other secondary outcomes were analyzed in 2009 after 1285 events had occurred to trigger the analysis. Results: Between 2001 and January 2006, 9766 women were randomized; 100% were HR+, 50% had node negative disease, 68% received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 36% received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 5.1 years with over 60% of women having been followed for 5 or more years. Among 961 deaths, 568 (59%) were caused by BC and 393 (41%) by causes other than BC. The cumulative incidence of death from BC vs. other causes at 5-years for all women and by nodal status is as follows (see table): There was a general relationship with non-breast cancer deaths and increasing age at diagnosis (≥70 years), as expected. Non-breast cancer causes of mortality included second malignancy (105); cardiac (71), cerebral (33), or pulmonary (28) events; miscellaneous other causes (105); and unknown (51). Conclusions: Among 9766 postmenopausal women with HR+ BC treated with contemporary hormonal strategies following standard primary treatment, the probability of death from causes other than BC was nearly as high as the probability of dying from BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD08-03.