tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: H. E. Durham
Journal: BMJ (1902)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Bacterial infection of the uterus is a normal event after parturition. While the healthy cow achieves uterine clearance early postpartum, cows unable to control the infection within 21 days after calving develop postpartum endometritis. Studies on the Microbial Ecology of the bovine reproductive tract have focused on either vaginal or uterine microbiomes. This is the first study that compares both microbiomes in the same animals. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA gene showed that despite large differences associated to individuals, a shared community exist in vagina and uterus during the postpartum period. The largest changes associated with development of endometritis were observed at 7 days postpartum, a time when vaginal and uterine microbiomes were most similar. 16S rRNA Pyrosequencing of the vaginal microbiome at 7 days postpartum showed at least three different microbiome types that were associated with postpartum endometritis. All three microbiome types featured reduced bacterial diversity. Taken together, the above findings support a scenario where disruption of the compartmentalization of the reproductive tract during parturition results in the dispersal and mixing of the vaginal and uterine microbiomes, which subsequently are subject to differentiation. This microbial succession is likely associated to early clearance in the healthy cow. In contrast, loss of bacterial diversity and dominance of the microbiome by few bacterial taxa were related to a delayed succession in cows developing endometritis at 7 DPP.
Dissociation between epicardial and transmural function during acute myocardial ischemia.
Authors: K P Gallagher, M C Stirling, M Choy, C A Szpunar, R A Gerren, M J Botham, J H Lemmer
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The relationship between epicardial and transmural function (measured with sonomicrometers) was examined in 13 anesthetized open-chest dogs. Systolic wall thickening was used as a standard of integrated transmural function to compare with epicardial function measured as segment shortening parallel to surface fibers. Three levels of coronary inflow restriction were produced by using decrements in systolic wall thickening as an index of changes in the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow (microspheres) in myocardium perfused by the left anterior descending artery (anterior-apical group, n = 7) or circumflex artery (posterior-basal group, n = 6). Levels 1 and 2 were characterized by reductions in systolic wall thickening of 35% and 80%, respectively, and marked decreases in deep myocardial blood flow. In the subepicardium, myocardial blood flow was minimally affected at levels 1 and 2 and there was no change in posterior-basal epicardial segment shortening, but anterior segment shortening decreased significantly (by 21% and 37%, respectively). At level 3 myocardial blood flow was reduced transmurally, producing systolic wall thinning and marked epicardial dysfunction in both groups. Parallel epicardial segment shortening underestimated the extent of transmural dysfunction in both groups at levels 1 and 2 but the degree of underestimation was greatest in the posterior-basal group. Anterior-apical segment shortening was impaired at levels 1 and 2, whereas posterior-basal segment shortening was unaffected, suggesting that significant regional variability exists in the epicardial response to nontransmural ischemia.
Lower Baseline Glycemia Reduces Apparent Oral Agent Glucose-Lowering Efficacy
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden, Regina Dodis, Catherine M. Viscoli, Eric S. Holmboe, Silvio E. Inzucchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Perusal of advertisements for oral hypoglycemic agents in this and many other medical journals shows an emphasis on the absolute reduction in HbA1c (A1C). Evidence linking reduction in A1C in diabetic patients to prevention of macrovascular events is weak. However, epidemiological evidence suggests that the risk for cardiovascular disease in this group may actually begin at A1C concentrations well within the normal range (1). This association has led a number of professional organizations to recommend that A1C levels be brought to levels <6.5% (2). An important question to be asked is whether the reduction in A1C differs at lower versus higher baseline levels of A1C. Expectations for the degree of reduction to be attained with a given agent may be excessively optimistic when a person’s initial A1C is already <7.5–8.0%.

Some of the deliberations of policy advisory groups are available. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products has published guidelines for diabetes product evaluation suggesting that the change in A1C be utilized as “primary analysis” of drug efficacy, although allowing the baseline A1C to be included as a covariate (3). A meeting of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that A1C should be the primary outcome variable for diabetes drugs and suggested an absolute decrease of 0.7% as the minimal acceptable level for approval (4). This may prevent acceptance of agents that are as effective as existing treatments at A1C levels …
Will it hurt, doctor? Factors predicting patients' experience of pain during double contrast examination of the colon.
Authors: S Steine
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Will it hurt, doctor?Factors predicting patients' experience of pain during double contrast examination ofthe colon Siri Steine Knowledge of patients' reactions is important when choosing among different examination procedures, and when informing patients beforehand.This study describes patients' pain during double contrast barium enema and identifies predictors for it in a consecutive series of patients referred from primary health care.
SYMPTOMLESS HAEMATURIA: A PLEA FOR EARLY INVESTIGATION
Authors: J. B. Macalpine
Journal: BMJ (1921)

A_xm 30 1 introduces a. special and serious factor.Even, therefore, if the results as regards cure of pain are still somewhat uncertain, and if we have more to leaxn as to the selec- tion of cases and-the scope of the operation, it is unques.tionably well worth while to give these-patients the considerable prospect of cure or relief offered by posterior rhizotomy.
Spread of multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage types 204 and 193 in Britain.
Authors: E J Threlfall, L R Ward, B Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Background/aims</h3> Clinical trials suggest anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is more effective than intravitreal dexamethasone as treatment for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. This study asks if ‘real world’ data from a larger and more diverse population, followed for a longer period, also support this conclusion. <h3>Methods</h3> Data collected to support routine care at 27 NHS (National Health Service) Trusts between February 2002 and September 2017 contained 5661 treatment-naive patients with a single mode of treatment for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion and no history of cataract surgery either during or recently preceding the treatment. Number of treatment visits and change in visual acuity from baseline was plotted for three treatment groups (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), intravitreal dexamethasone, macular laser) for up to 3 years. <h3>Results</h3> Mean baseline visual acuity was 57.1/53.1/62.3 letters in the anti-VEGF/dexamethasone/macular laser groups, respectively. This changed to 66.72 (+9.6)/57.6 (+4.5)/63.2 (+0.9) at 12 months. Adequate numbers allowed analysis at 18 months for all groups (66.6 (+9.5)/56.1 (+3.0)/60.8 (-1.5)) and for anti-VEGF at 36 months (68.0, +10.9) Mean number of treatments were 5.1/1.5/1.2 at 12 months, 5.9/1.7/1.2 at 18 months for all three groups and 10.3 at 36 months for anti-VEGF. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Visual acuity improvements were higher and more sustained with anti-VEGF. Higher treatment burden occurred with anti-VEGF but this reduced over 36 months. Patients with better vision at baseline than those in the clinical trials maintained high levels of vision with both anti-VEGF and dexamethasone.
Pilot bowel screening scheme to start in Britain
Authors: A. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A screening programme for bowel cancer will be piloted at two sites in Britain from April. The pilot schemes will run for two to three years, after which the national screening committee will decide whether a national screening programme for colorectal cancer would be feasible and acceptable to the public.

The two pilots, one in England and one in Scotland, will each cover a population of about one million. All men and women aged 50-69 will be sent …
AIDS in America — Forgotten but Not Gone
Authors: Wafaa M. El-Sadr, Kenneth H. Mayer, Sally L. Hodder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Over the past decade, limited attention has been paid to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. The global epidemic — particularly the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where approximately two thirds of the world's population living with AIDS resides — has rightfully received most of the focus. Meanwhile, however, the prevalence of HIV infection within some U.S. populations now rivals that in some sub-Saharan African countries (see graph). For example, more than 1 in 30 adults in Washington, D.C., are HIV-infected — a prevalence higher than that reported in Ethiopia, Nigeria, or Rwanda.1 Certain U.S. subpopulations are . . .
CONTROL OF VENEREAL DISEASES IN EGYPT
Authors: Joseph C. Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following is a translation of a summary prepared by Dr. Fakhry M. Farag, whose book on "Method of Combating Venereal Disease" has been recently published in Arabic. I have seen the film "Gift of Life" of the American Social Hygiene Society presented twice in the American University, each time to a large audience. Venereal diseases are increasing rapidly in Cairo and Alexandria, and the new leaders of the Egyptian medical profession are attempting to combat this evil. The Egyptians, like the Japanese, are waking up to the value of modern medicine. The following is the outline prepared by Dr. Fakhry M. Farag for the Egyptian government: <h3>METHODS OF COMBATING VENEREAL DISEASES IN EGYPT</h3> Combating the influence of prostitution on the progress of venereal diseases: Improvement of the system of medical examination of prostitutes. Locking up of diseased prostitutes until they get cured enough to be noninfectious
Treatment for Patients at Intermediate Risk of a Common Duct Stone
Authors: B. Joseph Elmunzer, Gregory A. Cote, Don C. Rockey
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modal Deoxyribonucleic Acid Value and Survival in Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: N. B. Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1972)

On the basis of their modal deoxyribonucleic acid values, 67 carcinomas of the breast fell into two discrete groups. The lower (near-diploid) group showed a significantly better eight-year survival rate than the higher (triploid-tetraploid) group. The four-year survival rates of 40 further cases classified in the same way showed similar trends.
Osteomalacia After Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Uremia
Authors: ARNOLD J. FELSENFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Five patients on maintenance dialysis had symptoms of osteomalacia, proven by biopsy, after parathyroidectomy. In all five patients clinical and radiographic manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism were present before surgery, and in two patients preoperative biopsy of bone confirmed the existence of osteitis fibrosa. Like previously described patients with osteomalacia all five had multiple fractures and normal or high serum calcium concentrations that rose to abnormally high values on treatment with vitamin D or dihydrotachysterol. Quantitative histomorphometry of biopsy after parathyroidectomy showed no residual parathyroid hormone effect and nearly complete cessation of mineralization. Four patients had forearm autografts of parathyroid tissue that appeared to be functioning at very low rates according to paired venous sampling, and all five patients had relatively low circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone. This and earlier experiences reported by others suggest that secondary hyperparathyroidism may have an important facilitative role in the mineralization of bone in uremic patients.
Methylmercury and the Developing Brain
Authors: Leonardo Trasande, Philip J. Landrigan, Clyde B. Schechter, Richard F. Bopp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ADHD in those subjects with low ferritin levels.Given that lead exposure may contribute to ADHD and iron deficiency may exacerbate deleterious effects caused by lead, we recommend systematically seeking for iron deficiency in children with ADHD.We also think that controlled studies assessing the potential effectiveness of iron supplementation on ADHD symptoms should be encouraged.Such studies could aid the understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying ADHD and provide effective therapeutic strategies for this disorder.
The changing relative prevalence of HCV genotypes is due to modification of route of contamination and evolution of genotypes distribution in intravenous drug users
Authors: M. Bourlière, J.M. Barberin, I. Portal, S. Benali, C. Boustiere, H. Perrier, M. Jullien, G. Lambot, H. Khiri, P. Halfon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Smoking is more dangerous for black Americans
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Estimating the COVID-19 infection fatality rate (IFR) has proven to be particularly challenging –and rather controversial– due to the fact that both the data on deaths and the data on the number of individuals infected are subject to many different biases. We consider a Bayesian evidence synthesis approach which, while simple enough for researchers to understand and use, accounts for many important sources of uncertainty inherent in both the seroprevalence and mortality data. With the understanding that the results of one’s evidence synthesis analysis may be largely driven by which studies are included and which are excluded, we conduct two separate parallel analyses based on two lists of eligible studies obtained from two different research teams. The results from both analyses are rather similar. With the first analysis, we estimate the COVID-19 IFR to be 0.37% (95% credible interval of (0.19%, 0.61%)) for a typical population where 9% of the population is aged over 65 years and where the GDP (at purchasing-power parity (PPP)) per capita is $17.8k (the approximate worldwide average). With the second analysis, we obtain 0.37% (95% credible interval of (0.22%, 0.55%)). Our results suggest that, as one might expect, lower IFRs are associated with younger populations (and may also be associated with wealthier populations). For a typical population with the age and wealth of the United States we estimate an IFR of 0.61% and 0.59%; and for a typical population with the age and wealth of the European Union, we obtain IFR estimates of 0.90% and 0.62%.
Activities of SYK and PLCγ2 Predict Apoptotic Response of CLL Cells to SRC Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Dasatinib
Authors: Zibo Song, Pin Lu, Richard R. Furman, John P. Leonard, Peter Martin, Lauren Tyrell, Francis Y. Lee, Daniel M. Knowles, Morton Coleman, Y. Lynn Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: B-cell receptor signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, blocking B-cell receptor signaling with dasatinib, an inhibitor of SRC kinase, produced variable results in preclinical and clinical studies. We aim to define the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential dasatinib sensitivity and to uncover more effective therapeutic targets in CLL. Experimental Design: Fresh CLL B cells were treated with dasatinib, and cell viability was followed. The CLL cases were then divided into good and poor responders. The cellular response was correlated with the activities of B-cell receptor signaling molecules, as well as with molecular and cytogenetic prognostic factors. Results: Among 50 CLL cases, dasatinib treatment reduced cell viability by 2% to 90%, with an average reduction of 47% on day 4 of culture. The drug induced CLL cell death through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediated by reactive oxygen species. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation of SRC family kinases was inhibited by dasatinib in good, as well as poor, responders. As opposed to SRC family kinases, activities of two downstream molecules, SYK and phospholipase Cγ2, correlate well with the apoptotic response of CLL cells to dasatinib. Conclusions: Thus, SYK inhibition predicts cellular response to dasatinib. SYK, together with phospholipase Cγ2, may serve as potential biomarkers to predict dasatinib therapeutic response in patients. From the pathogenic perspective, our study suggests the existence of alternative mechanisms or pathways that activate SYK, independent of SRC kinase activities. The study further implicates that SYK might serve as a more effective therapeutic target in CLL treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 16(2); 587–99
Poor housing continues to adversely affect heath of vulnerable groups
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Poor housing continues to adversely affect the health of some of the most vulnerable groups of people living in England, warned a report published this week by the BMA.

The report examined available evidence in relation to health and housing. It found that children living in bed and breakfast accommodation (temporary housing, often with relatively poor cooking and washing facilities) were at increased risk of behavioural problems, stress, poor sleep, infections, and gastrointestinal problems.

The health of the many elderly people who live alone in old, damp, and cold homes was also at risk, said the report. The authors suggested that the health of some of the most …
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor attenuates left ventricular remodelling after acute anterior STEMI: results of the single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled multicentre STem cEll Mobilization in Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEM‐AMI) Trial
Authors: Felice Achilli, Cristina Malafronte, Laura Lenatti, Francesco Gentile, Viola Dadone, Giuseppe Gibelli, Stefano Maggiolini, Lidia Squadroni, Claudio Di Leo, Ilaria Burba, Maurizio Pesce, Luca Mircoli, Maurizio C. Capogrossi, Alessandro Di Lelio, Paola Camisasca, Alberto Morabito, Gualtiero Colombo, Giulio Pompilio
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Transient Ischemic Attacks and the Prevention of Strokes
Authors: J. P. Mohr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Although surgically accessible carotid-artery atherothrombotic disease accounts for less than 15 per cent of all strokes, and atherothrombotic disease of large arteries including the carotid produces only 34 per cent of strokes, this group accounts for over 65 per cent of the patients who experience transient ischemic attack before the stroke.1 These facts should dispel any complacency produced by the well publicized finding that only 10 per cent of strokes are preceded by transient ischemic attacks, a figure that simply reflects the low incidence of large-artery atherothrombosis (34 per cent) as compared with embolism (31 per cent), lacunar infarctions (19 . . .
Apolipoprotein L1 gene variants associate with hypertension-attributed nephropathy and the rate of kidney function decline in African Americans
Authors: Michael S. Lipkowitz, Barry I. Freedman, Carl D. Langefeld, Mary E. Comeau, Donald W. Bowden, W.H. Linda Kao, Brad C. Astor, Erwin P. Bottinger, Sudha K. Iyengar, Paul E. Klotman, Richard G. Freedman, Weijia Zhang, Rulan S. Parekh, Michael J. Choi, George W. Nelson, Cheryl A. Winkler, Jeffrey B. Kopp
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Arkansas plans to reward healthy employees
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The state of Arkansas is launching cash incentives and lower rates of insurance for state employees who show measurable improvements in various health and medical variables, in an attempt to tackle obesity.

Arkansas is the third unhealthiest state in the United States, if levels of obesity, inactivity, and smoking are any indication. Only Mississippi and West Virginia rank worse than Arkansas, where 24% of the population is obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Increasing levels of obesity are adding to the burden of disease, …
Macrophage and epithelial cell H-ferritin expression regulates renal inflammation
Authors: Subhashini Bolisetty, Abolfazl Zarjou, Travis D. Hull, Amie M. Traylor, Anjana Perianayagam, Reny Joseph, Ahmed I. Kamal, Paolo Arosio, Miguel P. Soares, Viktoria Jeney, Jozsef Balla, James F. George, Anupam Agarwal
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
A gene for Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis maps to the long arm of chromosome 10
Authors: Robert A. Preston, J. Christopher Post, Bronya J.B. Keats, Christopher E. Aston, Robert E. Ferrell, Janice Priest, Nassim Nouri, H. Wolfgang Losken, Colleen A. Morris, Mark R. Hurtt, John J. Mulvihill, Garth D. Ehrlich
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)