tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4881: Polycomb protein EZH2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote hepatocellular carcinoma development
Authors: Alfred S. Cheng, Suki Lau, Yangchao Chen, Yutaka Kondo, May Li, Hai Feng, Arthur Ching, Paul Cheung, Kenneth Wong, Hongchuan Jin, Richard Choy, Jun Yu, Ka F. To, Nathalie Wong, Tim Huang, Joseph J. Sung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway due to accumulation of β-catenin occurs in approximately 70% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and contributes to their initiation, development and progression. Genetic mutations in the components of this pathway account for only a subset of HCCs with β-catenin accumulation, suggesting that an alternative mechanism for Wnt/β-catenin activation is prevailing. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is known to promote tumorigenesis by down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes; however, whether EZH2 regulates oncogenic pathways is unclear. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray, we uncovered 12 Wnt/β-catenin signal antagonists whose promoters were concordantly occupied by EZH2 and repressive histone modifications in hepatocellular HCC cells. EZH2 over-expressed in 42% (75/179) of human HCCs and significantly associated with β-catenin accumulation. Concomitant inhibition of EZH2 and histone deacetylase transcriptionally activated Wnt/β-catenin signal antagonists, suppressed T-cell factor-dependent transcriptional activity and down-regulated β-catenin transcriptional targets in HCC cells. Conversely, ectopic EZH2 over-expression in nontumorigenic hepatocytes increased cellular proliferation in a β-catenin-dependent manner and promoted tumorigenicity. This study uncovers an EZH2-mediated epigenetic mechanism that leads to Wnt/β-catenin signaling dyregulation in human HCC and suggests that therapeutic interventions targeting EZH2 may confer a clinical benefit in β-catenin-driven malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4881.
Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Patricia Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The first edition of this book,<i>Basic Pediatrics for the Primary Health Care Provider</i>, was written specifically for nonphysician members of the pediatric health care team. According to the author, "the target audience for this new edition is expanded to include primary care physicians." This is the major problem of the text. The practicing-physician reader would find the presentations oversimplified and somewhat verbose. This is especially true of the chapters on interviewing techniques and the physical examination. In the section on signs, symptoms, and diseases, some topics are discussed in detail, but the majority are superficially presented. In addition, clinical problems frequently encountered by primary care physicians, such as failure to thrive, short stature, chronic diarrhea, and coagulation disorders, to name a few, are omitted from the text. There are some excellent chapters, notably the ones on nutrition, developmental behavior problems, schoolrelated problems, and adolescent health care. The practical aspects
Gwyneth Geraldine Seymour (nee Allen)
Authors: I. V Allen, G. E Allen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

After graduating from Queen’s University, Belfast, Gwyneth Geraldine Seymour (nee Allen) held house appointments in Lurgan Hospital (later Craigavon Area Hospital), Northern Ireland, before starting her training in psychiatry in Holywell Hospital. After a family …
During development, 17alpha-estradiol is a potent estrogen and carcinogen.
Authors: R A Hajek, A D Robertson, D A Johnston, N T Van, R K Tcholakian, L A Wagner, C J Conti, M L Meistrich, N Contreras, C L Edwards, L A Jones
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Neonatal administration of estradiol-17beta (E2-17beta) increases the nuclear DNA content in the mouse reproductive tract. Similar responses have been demonstrated for synthetic estrogens such as diethylstilbestrol. One of the questions raised regarding environmental estrogens such as organochlorines is whether they are potent enough to result in abnormal changes such as those demonstrated by both natural and synthetic estrogens. To test this hypothesis, female BALB/c mice were treated neonatally (days 1-5) with either E2-17beta or estradiol-17alpha (E2-17alpha), an inactive stereoisomer in adult reproductive tissues. We also proposed whether neonatal administration of (E2-17alpha) was tumorigenic and whether the effects were age dependent. To answer these questions, one set each of 10 day-old treated and control mice received short-term secondary administration of E2-17beta, E2-17alpha, or cholesterol. Cervicovaginal tracts from intact BALB/c mice were examined histologically and by flow cytometry at 70 days of age and by histology alone at 18 to 22 months of age. The results include several important findings: a) like E2-17beta, neonatal E2-17alpha treatment induced persistent vaginal cornification, hypospadias, vaginal concretions, and hyperproliferation in nearly 100% of the animals regardless of the secondary treatment for most groups; b) neonatal E2-17alpha treatment increased the nuclear DNA content of cervicovaginal epithelium at one-half both the level (mean DNA index of 1.02 vs 1.04) and incidence (22 vs 46% of the animals) of E2-17beta; c) short-term secondary treatment with E2-17alpha, unlike E2-17beta, did not significantly augment the increase in DNA content (13% for E2-17alpha vs 37 and 56% for control and E2-17beta, respectively); and d) neonatal administration with E2-17alpha induced adenosquamous tumors in the reproductive tract in 25% of the animals. Therefore, the biological effects (estrogenic potency) of E2-17alpha may be age dependent.
Cellular Immunity to Sperm in Infertile Women
Authors: Patricia M. McShane
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To investigate further whether immunity to sperm contributes to some cases of infertility in women, the production of leukocyte inhibitory factor by blood mononuclear cells challenged with human sperm in vitro was measured in women with infertility associated with poor results of postcoital tests or long-term unexplained infertility. Five (36%) of 14 infertile patients but none of nine fertile volunteers responded significantly to sperm in this assay. No study subject had serum IgG or IgM antibodies to sperm detected. These data provide additional evidence consistent with the possibility that cellular immunity to sperm-specific antigen(s) functions in the primary pathogenesis of infertility in some women.
Prevalence of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy in Chile
Authors: HUMBERTO REYES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was studied immediately postpartum in 869 women from three distant Chilean cities differing in climate and food supply. Cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy was detected in 2.4% and pruritus gravidarum in 13.2%, without significant differences between the three cities. Every woman was then ethnically classified as predominantly Caucasoid, Araucanian Indian, or Aimara Indian. A significantly higher prevalence of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy (5.5%) and pruritus gravidarum (22.1%) was found in Araucanians than in Caucasoids (2.5% and 12.6% respectively) or in the Aimaras (0 and 11.8% respectively). The prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in Araucanians increased directly with the degree of "ethnic purity." Recurrence of the disease in multiparous women was also greater in Araucanians (13.8%) than in Caucasoids (5.5%) or in the Aimaras (3.9%). We propose that an ethnic predisposition to develop intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is present in Araucanian women and that the high prevalence of the disease in Chile is mainly influenced by ethnic admixture with this South American Indian (ethnic) group.
Classification of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions With In Vivo Multicontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jian-Ming Cai, Thomas S. Hatsukami, Marina S. Ferguson, Randy Small, Nayak L. Polissar, Chun Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Recent studies demonstrated that in vivo and ex vivo MRI can characterize the components of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque, such as fibrous tissue, lipid/necrotic core, calcium, hemorrhage, and thrombus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether in vivo high-resolution multicontrast MRI could accurately classify human carotid atherosclerotic plaque according to the American Heart Association classification. Methods and Results— Sixty consecutive patients (mean age 70 years; 54 males) scheduled for carotid endarterectomy were imaged with a 1.5-T scanner after informed consent was obtained. A standardized protocol was used to obtain 4 different contrast-weighted images (time of flight and T1-, PD-, and T2-weighted) of the carotid arteries. Best voxel size was 0.25×0.25×1 mm 3 . Carotid plaques were removed intact and processed for histological examination. Both MR images and histological sections were independently reviewed, categorized, and compared. Overall, the classification obtained by MRI and the American Heart Association classifications showed good agreement, with Cohen’s κ (95% CI) of 0.74 (0.67 to 0.82) and weighted κ of 0.79. The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of MRI classification were as follows: type I-II lesions, 67% and 100%; type III lesions, 81% and 98%; type IV-V lesions, 84% and 90%; type VI lesions, 82% and 91%; type VII lesions, 80% and 94%; and type VIII lesions, 56% and 100%. Conclusions— In vivo high-resolution multicontrast MRI is capable of classifying intermediate to advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the human carotid artery and is also capable of distinguishing advanced lesions from early and intermediate atherosclerotic plaque.
Cocaine Use and HIV Infection in Intravenous Drug Users in San Francisco
Authors: Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We assessed risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 633 heterosexual intravenous drug users. The HIV seroprevalence was 26% in blacks, 10% in Hispanics, and 6% in whites. Intravenous cocaine use significantly increased the risk of HIV infection, with a seroprevalence of 35% in daily cocaine users (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 3.0 to 13.3). Black subjects were more likely to use cocaine regularly. Drug use in shooting galleries and sharing of drug injection equipment were also associated with HIV infection and were more common in cocaine users. By multivariate analysis, black race, daily cocaine injection by blacks and Hispanics, all other cocaine injection, heavy use prior to entry into methadone treatment by blacks, and use of drugs in shooting galleries were independent predictors of HIV infection. Methadone therapy was associated with substantial reductions in heroin use and some reduction in cocaine use, but 24% of cocaine users receiving methadone began or increased cocaine injection after entry into treatment.
Hypertonic saline-induced abortion. Correlation of fetal death with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: H. I. Glueck
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Earlier studies of the coagulation mechanism in patients undergoing hypertonic saline-induced abortion yielded data ranging from a normal clotting mechanism to evidence of frank disseminated intravascular coagulation. Because of this wide variability, patients were monitored to determine the moment of fetal death and the relationship of this episode to the appearance of circulating soluble fibrin and fibrin split products. Circulating soluble fibrin measured by a new technique was detected in seven of eight patients at the time of fetal death. Elevation of the level of fibrin split products, as well as modest depressions of factor VIII and fibrinogen were detected somewhat later. Values for factor VIII and fibrinogen did not fall to levels usually associated with hemorrhage. Thus, disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur without the classically described changes in the clotting mechanism.
UN says countries must learn to cope with more urbanisation
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

NHS Employers, the organisation responsible for employment procedures in the NHS, defended its vetting practices this week after seven doctors and medical students-six in the United Kingdom and one in Australia-were held by police in connection with the failed car bombings in London and Glasgow.One doctor, Iraqi born Bilal Abdullah, who worked as a locum doctor at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, in Paisley, near Glasgow, was arrested at the scene of Saturday's attempt to blow up a jeep packed with gas cylinders at Glasgow airport.Another man detained at the scene with 90% burns is thought to be a junior hospital doctor.He is in the Royal Alexandra Hospital.Later that day, the 26 year old Jordanian born doctor Mohammed Asha and a 27 year old woman, thought to be his wife, were arrested in Sandbach, Cheshire, northwest England.Dr Asha, whose family comes originally from Palestine, had worked as a junior doctor at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital and the Princess Royal Hospital, in Telford.In a statement NHS Employers said that all NHS hospitals "carry out rigorous checks before they appoint any member of staff, including verification of identity, qualifications, registration, and eligibility to work in the UK."The nature of their work means that staff are dealing with people who are vulnerable, and we need to be confident that patients are safe."It added, "While doing all they can to prevent unsuitable people taking up employment in the NHS, employers also have a duty to look after the rights of their staff, and this includes not discriminating against employees in any way on the grounds of their religion or belief." NHS defends vetting after doctors held for bombing bidsUK NEWS Economist says NICE should approve fewer costly drugs, p11 World NEWS �ost US surgeons in training get needlestic�� in�uries, few report them, p1� �ost US surgeons in training get needlestic�� in�uries, few report them, p1� , p1� bm�.comEgypt tightens ban on female genital mutilation after 1�� year old girl dies Egypt tightens ban on female genital mutilation after 1�� year old girl dies
Computer Lets Doctor Fly Through the Virtual Colon
Authors: T. Parkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Computer Lets Doctor Fly Through the Virtual Colon Get access Troy Parkins Troy Parkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 14, 20 July 1994, Pages 1046–1047, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.14.1046 Published: 20 July 1994
Chelating agents in biological systems.
Authors: J Schubert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Chelation enables metals to be transported to or from vulnerable target sites, and to hinder or facilitate their carcinogenic potential. In the reverse sense, metals are capable of ligand scavenging via complexation or mixed complex formation--the latter being the result of interaction with binary complexes. Consequently, metal complexes can be utilized for the transport of selected organic chemotherapeutic drugs to target organs, or for the decorporation of those toxic organic compounds which are able, before or after metabolic activation, of reacting with metals or 1:1 metal complexes. It is emphasized that the degree to which metal ions interact in vivo should employ the conditional constants which take into account competition from other ions, especially Ca2+, H+, and OH-. The genotoxic consequences of the various chemical factors involved in chelation, along with examples: kinetics, stabilization of oxoidation states, lipophilicity, and mixed ligand formation, are discussed.
In-Hospital and One-Year Economic Outcomes After Coronary Stenting or Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: David J. Cohen, Harlan M. Krumholz, Craig A. Sukin, Kalon K.L. Ho, Richard B. Siegrist, Michael Cleman, Richard R. Heuser, Jeffrey A. Brinker, Jeffrey W. Moses, Michael P. Savage, Katherine Detre, Martin B. Leon, Donald S. Baim
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Coronary stenting has been shown to improve initial success, reduce angiographic restenosis, and reduce the need for repeat revascularization compared with conventional balloon angioplasty (PTCA). Although previous studies have demonstrated that initial hospital costs for stenting are considerably higher than those for conventional PTCA, the impact of coronary stenting on long-term medical care costs remains unknown.Between January 1991 and June 1993, 207 consecutive patients with symptomatic coronary disease requiring revascularization of a single coronary lesion were randomized to receive initial treatment by either PTCA (n = 105) or Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation (n = 102) in the multicenter STRESS trial. Detailed resource utilization and cost data were collected for each patient's initial hospitalization and for any subsequent hospital visits for 1 year after randomization. Compared with conventional angioplasty, coronary stenting resulted in additional catheterization laboratory costs, increased vascular complications, and longer length of stay. Initial hospital costs were thus approximately $2200 higher for stenting than for PTCA ($9738 +/- 3248 versus $7505 +/- 5015; P < .001). Over the first year of follow-up, however, patients assigned to initial stenting were less likely to require rehospitalization for a cardiac condition and underwent fewer subsequent revascularization procedures. Follow-up medical care costs thus tended to be lower for stenting than for conventional angioplasty ($1918 +/- 4841 versus $3359 +/- 7100, P = .21). Nonetheless, cumulative 1-year medical care costs remained higher for patients undergoing initial stenting ($11,656 +/- 5674 versus $10,865 +/- 9073, P < .001). Even after adjustment for the higher incidence of vascular complications in the stent group, total 1-year costs were $300 higher for stenting than for balloon angioplasty.Elective coronary stenting, as performed in the randomized STRESS trial, increased total 1-year medical care costs by approximately $800 per patient compared with conventional angioplasty. Future studies will be necessary to determine whether ongoing refinements in stent design, implantation techniques, and anticoagulation regimens can narrow this cost difference further by reducing stent-related vascular complications or length of stay.
Comparison of wheat and rye flour skin prick test solutions for diagnosis of baker's asthma
Authors: I. Sander, R. Merget, P. O. Degens, N. Goldscheid, T. Brüning, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Skin prick tests (SPTs) play an important role in the diagnosis of baker's asthma and in the investigation of sensitization frequencies in field studies. It was the aim of our study to compare different SPT solutions for wheat and rye flour sensitization and to assess the validity of test results. Methods: Skin prick tests with wheat and rye flour were performed in parallel with extracts from different companies and compared with the results of bronchial challenge tests with both flours (69 rye flour and 51 wheat flour challenge tests). Additionally, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to wheat and rye flour were tested. SPT solutions were analysed for protein content and by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Results: Skin prick test solutions for diagnosis of wheat and rye flour sensitization from three companies differed in protein concentrations and composition with the consequence of widely differing SPT results. Sensitivity of SPTs in comparison with allergen‐specific bronchial challenge as a gold standard was between 40 and 67%, specificity was between 86 and 100%, the positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 81 to 100% and the negative predictive value (NPV) from 44 to 70%. These numbers were only marginally affected by using a combination of challenge test result and sIgE value as a more specific gold standard. Conclusion: Improvement and standardization of SPT extracts for wheat and rye flour is highly recommended.
THE MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF EXPLORATORY LAPAROTOMY.Read in the Section of Medical Jurisprudence at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: W. C. WILE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

All abdominal operations which involve section of the peritoneum are in a measure exploratory. The parts we seek are out of sight, and it is only from the signs, symptoms and history of the case that we can make a diagnosis; and the diagnosis warranting it, we are justified in entering the cavity. We are justified in entering the abdominal cavity, I say, for in the present light of antiseptic surgery, and with the statistics which we have to-day of successful laparotomies, hesitation on the part of the surgeon to attempt<i>e.g.</i>to free an obstructed intestine when the symptoms pointing to it are manifest; or to proceed to surgical interference in a case of appendicitis when the indications for such interference are clear; or to explore in cases of abdominal tumors where diagnosis is probable and the life of the patient is endangered; or
Goal of eradicating tuberculosis is under threat from rise in HIV infection in Africa and eastern Europe
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A charity's goal to reduce by 2015 the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis and mortality from the diseases is being threatened by increasing coinfection with HIV in eastern Europe and Africa, say the authors of a review article.

Wing Wai Yew and Chi Chiu Leung of the tuberculosis and chest unit at Grantham Hospital in Hong Kong say in a review in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006;173:491-8) that the Stop TB Partnership's global plan to eradicate tuberculosis faces major challenges.

The authors report that studies on tuberculosis epidemiology in Africa may be relevant to other areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and increasing rates of HIV infection. …
TWO CASES OF EXTENSIVE EXCISION OF THE ELBOW JOINT, WITH REMARKS.
Authors: GEORGE FRANKLIN SHIELS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In the following report of cases and observations thereon, no description of the various operations for excision of the elbow joint will be introduced, since the writer is of the opinion that the time of the Surgical Section is too valuable to be used in placing before its members a résumé of that which may be found in any work on general or operative surgery. It will be sufficient to say that in both cases the single posterior median incision was used, and that the customary care was taken in clearing the bones and sawing them through. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Miss F., aged 24, of Jacksonville, Ill., was April 27, 1892, thrown from a buggy, sustaining a severe comminuted fracture of the condyles of the right humerus, which extended to the elbow joint, as well as a fracture of the olecranon process of the ulna. The doctor who first saw the