tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Death from Chloroform: Its Prevention by Galvanism
Authors: T. Green
Journal: BMJ (1872)

Marshall Hall's discovery of the reflex function gave a new stimulus to think on the great importance of Bell's discovery, from which it had taken its origin.This doctrine of the reflex action of the nervous system can only be compared to the discovery of the blood-circulation.It gave an idea of the manner in which the nervous action is kept on day and night, one reflex action following the other.Trying to under.stand this action, I was led to assume a second principle, which is inti.mately blended with reflex action.I found that immoderate reflex ac.tion in muscles, or muscular organs, was generally combined with painful feelings, sometimes in the neighbourhood, sometimes rem9te
Onychofibroblasts induce hard keratin in skin keratinocytes<i>in vitro</i>
Authors: D-Y. Lee, J-M. Yang, G-H. Mun
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Onychofibroblasts induce hard keratin in skin keratinocytes in vitro Get access D‐Y. Lee, D‐Y. Lee Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐M. Yang, J‐M. Yang Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G‐H. Mun G‐H. Mun Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon‐dong, Kangnam‐gu, Seoul 135‐710, South Korea E‐mail: dylee@skku.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 4, 1 October 2009, Pages 960–962, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09392.x Published: 01 October 2009
Pop Bottle Explosions: Further Information
Authors: Ismael José Sousa-Lennox
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reference to Speer's information (238:2495, 1977) and the article by Bergeson et al (238:1048, 1977), their statement and appreciation about pop bottle explosions and the implicated perils are of up-to-date importance. I can add a few more cases. Almost all, if not all, the common brands of carbonated soft-drinks one would find in the United States are bottled down here for the local market. The explosion of bottles is a potential hazard and does cause physical injury. I have been personal witness to unexpected explosion and have dealt with patients who were victims of such explosions. An adult patient, who was injured some two years before, related in his clinical anamnesis how a soft-drink bottle exploded in his face at a birthday party as he lifted the bottle to upcap it. The fragments hit him in the face, injuring his right eye. Eventually he lost the
Nose Piercing: Historical Significance and Potential Consequences
Authors: Barry Ladizinski, F. N. U. Nutan, Kachiu C. Lee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
UK government should stop recruiting doctors from abroad
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> SARS-CoV-2 evolution threatens vaccine- and natural infection-derived immunity, and the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Herein we sought to predict Spike amino acid changes that could contribute to future variants of concern. We tested the importance of features comprising epidemiology, evolution, immunology, and neural network-based protein sequence modeling. This resulted in identification of the primary biological drivers of SARS-CoV-2 intra-pandemic evolution. We found evidence that resistance to population-level host immunity has increasingly shaped SARS-CoV-2 evolution over time. We identified with high accuracy mutations that will spread, at up to four months in advance, across different phases of the pandemic. Behavior of the model was consistent with a plausible causal structure wherein epidemiological variables integrate the effects of diverse and shifting drivers of viral fitness. We applied our model to forecast mutations that will spread in the future, and characterize how these mutations affect the binding of therapeutic antibodies. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to forecast the driver mutations that could appear in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. This modeling approach may be applied to any pathogen with genomic surveillance data, and so may address other rapidly evolving pathogens such as influenza, and unknown future pandemic viruses.
Randomised controlled trials: missing data
Authors: L. Marston, P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers assessed the effectiveness of a range of weight management programmes for weight loss. A randomised controlled trial study design, incorporating eight treatment arms, was used. Each intervention—Weight Watchers, Slimming World, Rosemary Conley, a group based dietetics led programme, general practice one to one counselling, pharmacy led one to one counselling, and a choice of any of the six programmes—lasted for 12 weeks. The control treatment consisted of 12 vouchers enabling free entrance to a local leisure (fitness) centre. Participants were 740 obese or overweight men and women identified from general practice records.1

The primary outcome was weight loss at the end of the programme (12 weeks). Secondary outcomes included weight loss at one year. Baseline characteristics were available for all participants, whereas follow-up data were available for 658 (88.9%) participants at the end of the programme and 522 (70.5%) at one year.

Analyses were performed according to intention to treat, using “baseline observation carried forward” to account for missing data. All treatment programmes achieved significant weight loss from baseline to programme end. When compared with the control treatment at 12 weeks, the only programmes that resulted in significantly more weight loss were Weight Watchers (mean difference 2.53 kg, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 3.76; P<0.001) and Rosemary Conley (2.18, 0.96 to 3.41; P=0.004). All programmes except general practice and pharmacy provision resulted in significant weight loss at one year. At one year, only the Weight Watchers programme resulted in significantly …
Effects of Rosiglitazone on Radioiodine Negative and Progressive Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma as Assessed by 124I PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Sandra Julia Rosenbaum-Krumme, Lutz Stefan Freudenberg, Walter Jentzen, Andreas Bockisch, James Nagarajah
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the redifferentiative and antiproliferative effects of rosiglitazone in patients with progressive differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) without or with negligible overall radioiodine uptake.A total of 9 patients with progressive DTC with either no or only negligible radioiodine accumulation were enrolled in this study. Oral rosiglitazone treatment was applied for 6 months (4 mg per day for 2 weeks followed by 8 mg per day). The compatibility of the medication was initially checked twice weekly and then weekly by laboratory tests and clinical evaluation of side effects. The assessments of alterations in the doses absorbed by the tumor and in lesion sizes over the course of rosiglitazone treatment were performed using serial ¹²⁴I positron emission tomography and computed tomography imaging. The assessment time points were before enrollment and 3 and 6 months posttreatment initiation.Lesion dosimetry indicated that 5 of 9 patients had an improved lesion absorbed dose per administered activity (LDpA), yielding in radioiodine therapy treatment in 4 patients. One third of the patients (3/9) were unchanged with regard to LDpA, and 1 of 9 had deteriorated LDpA. Volumetric analyses revealed that lesion sizes were regredient in 3 of 9 patients, stable in 4 of 9, and was progressive in 1 of 9. The medication was well-tolerated, and no patient developed clinically important toxicity associated with rosiglitazone treatment. In 2 of 9 of the patients, the medication was terminated after 3 months as a precaution due to progressive heart disease in one patient and bone fracture within a known osteolytic bone lesion in another patient. It is not clear that these complications were caused by rosiglitazone.Rosiglitazone appears to be suitable as off-label therapy in radioiodine-negative and progressive DTC that lacks therapy alternatives. In Europe, rosiglitazone was removed for label use because of reported side effects during diabetes treatment. Further investigations of other available glitazone compounds are necessary.
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aristides Volpato Cordioli, Elizeth Heldt, Daniela Braga Bochi, Regina Margis, Marcelo Basso de Sousa, Juliano Fonseca Tonello, Gisele Gus Manfro, Flavio Kapczinski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

The present study was designed to verify the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the intensity of overvalued ideas, as well as in improving the patient's quality of life.Forty-seven patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were randomly assigned to either 12 weekly CBGT sessions or a waiting list (control group). Treated patients were followed for three months.There was a significant reduction in the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (p < 0.001), in the National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (p < 0.001), in the Overvalued Ideas Scale (p < 0.001), and a significant improvement in the quality of life in the four domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Scale: physical (p < 0.001), psychological (p < 0.017), social (p < 0.018) and environmental (p < 0.04). No significant reduction was found in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (p = 0.111) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (p = 0.271). The concomitant use of anti-obsessional medications did not influence the results. The rate of improved patients was 69.6% in the treated group and 4.2% in the control group (p < 0.001). The therapeutic gains were maintained and an additional reduction in symptoms was observed during the 3-month follow-up period.The results suggest that CBGT is effective in reducing the intensity of OCD symptoms and of overvalued ideas, and that it improves the OCD patient's quality of life in a short period of time.
The Dimensions of Responsibility of the Team Physician
Authors: J. A. Bullard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1975)

Physicians have become increasingly involved in sports in recent years.No longer can this association be a casual one.It carried with it many responsibilities, the extent of which grow with the degrees of involvement.Some of these responsibilities are discussed as they apply to the Team Physicians.In an ideal situation, the responsibilities of a team physician begin with the first meeting of the club or organization.At that time the physician can discuss with the president of the club, athletic director, or committee members or coach, exactly and precisely where he stands in future arrangements.The termination of his responsi- bility comes at the end of the season with certain ex- ceptions.Some injuries occurring during the season may require continued supervision before the athlete can be considered to have made a maximal recovery and some very necessary planning must be made for the next season, particularly in areas of protective equipment and pre-season conditioning.Between the initial contact with the organization and final clearance with fitness of the athletes at the end of the season lies a wealth of responsibility.Many factors will influence the degree of acceptance of this considerable challenge by the physi- cian. ORGANIZATIONAL MEETINGFor a smooth running association with sports teams, whether they be involved in football, hockey, gym- nastics, track or dance, it is essential for all concerned to recognize their duties.In this I include coach, manager, trainer, physician, as well as athlete.At the university level we are obviously more fortunate, having a central core from which to work, as well as very knowledgeable coaches, trainers and a deeper involvement by athletes, many of whom may aspire to the professional ranks.At The University of Calgary we have developed administrative policies regarding athletic medicine, including an organizational chart which clearly tabulates the duties of each member.1. Totally Disqualifying Conditions' A. Absolute.Those unable to participate in contact, but usually fit for non-contact competition.
Critical Role of Notch Signaling in Osteosarcoma Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Pingyu Zhang, Yanwen Yang, Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay, Dennis P.M. Hughes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Notch signaling is an important mediator of growth and survival in several cancer types, with Notch pathway genes functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in different cancers. However, the role of Notch in osteosarcoma is unknown. Experimental Design: We assessed the expression of Notch pathway genes in human osteosarcoma cell lines and patient samples. We then used pharmacologic and retroviral manipulation of the Notch pathway and studied the effect on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, survival, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Results: Notch pathway genes, including Notch ligand DLL1, Notch1 and Notch2, and the Notch target gene HES1, were expressed in osteosarcoma cells, and expression of HES1 was associated with invasive and metastatic potential. Blockade of Notch pathway signaling with a small molecule inhibitor of γ secretase eliminated invasion in Matrigel without affecting cell proliferation, survival, or anchorage-independent growth. Manipulation of Notch and HES1 signaling showed a crucial role for HES1 in osteosarcoma invasiveness and metastasis in vivo. Conclusion: These studies identify a new invasion and metastasis-regulating pathway in osteosarcoma and define a novel function for the Notch pathway: regulation of metastasis. Because the Notch pathway can be inhibited pharmacologically, these findings point toward possible new treatments to reduce invasion and metastasis in osteosarcoma.
Cardiac manifestations in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: M Gyongyosi, G Pokorny, Z Jambrik, L Kovacs, A Kovacs, E Makula, M Csanady
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine cardiac manifestations in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS: Echocardiographic examination was undertaken in 64 patients (62 women, two men) with primary SS (54 definite (DSS) and 10 probable (PSS)) who had systemic symptoms. Twenty one healthy women volunteers of similar age acted as controls. RESULTS: Acute exudative pericarditis occurred in only one patient. An echogenic pericardium was demonstrated in 21 patients (19 DSS, two PSS) (33%) who had a previous symptom free pericarditis, but in none of the controls. Pulmonary pressure was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls (31 (SD 8) mm Hg compared with 24 (7) mm Hg), but there was no significant difference between the DSS and PSS groups. Left ventricular (LV) systolic function was similar in patients and controls. Twenty two patients (20 DSS, two PSS) and one control subject were excluded from LV diastolic function evaluation because of conditions likely to influence the parameters. Of the remaining 42 patients with SS (34 DSS, eight PSS), 21 (17 DSS, four PSS) had impaired diastolic function, confirmed by several diastolic parameters. LV diastolic dysfunction and echogenic pericardium occurred independently of each other, and there was no correlation between the occurrence of these silent cardiac abnormalities and the clinical and laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obvious cardiac involvement is rare in primary SS, but clinically silent manifestations (symptom free pericarditis and LV diastolic dysfunction) are common. The clinical and prognostic significance of these changes cannot yet be defined.
Abstract 1966: In vivo detection of nucleotide lesions preceding mutation fixation
Authors: Wilbur K. Mills, Lurdes Queimado, Ilangovan Ramachandran, Errol Friedberg, Antonio M. C. Reis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and Purpose: Unrepaired DNA damage likely originates a large fraction of human cancer. However, a direct correlation between DNA damage and specific mutations is lacking. To identify in vivo nucleotide lesions that can act as the precursors of neoplastic mutations, we investigated the origin of specific tumor signature mutations previously reported on codon 122 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene (Trp53) in UVB radiation induced mouse skin tumors. Methods: The dorsal skin of wild-type (WT) and repair defective (Xpc−/− Trp53+/−) mice was shaved and exposed to a single dose of 4.8 kJ/m2 UVB radiation. Skin from unirradiated and irradiated animals was excised surgically at specific time points (0, 24 and 48 h after irradiation) and used for DNA extraction. A novel primer-anchored PCR based damage-detection methodology developed in our laboratory was used to identify and map DNA damage on the transcribed (TS) and non-transcribed strand (NTS) of the Trp53 gene. Results: Twenty-four and 48 h after UVB-radiation, significant levels of unrepaired nucleotide lesions persisted in genomic DNA of Xpc−/− Trp53+/− compared with WT mice. We observed that most of the damage blocked the primer-extension, yielding early stops. Additionally, most of the damage affecting Trp53 codon 122 in Xpc−/− Trp53+/− mice occurred in the NTS and strictly localized to 2 nucleotides. Importantly, a small percentage of the damage observed at these nucleotides allowed DNA polymerase bypass with misincorporation. Significantly, these lesions were detected precisely in the two nucleotides of Trp53 codon 122 that were found mutated in 64% of all tumors arising in this genotype. These results support the model that the tumor mutations at this site arise from error-prone bypass of long-lasting, unrepaired DNA lesions. Conclusions: We demonstrate a significant correlation between the persistence of precisely localized nucleotide lesions and the later establishment of tumor mutations at those specific nucleotides. Using a novel primer-anchored DNA damage methodology, we identified and mapped for the first time in vivo polymerase by-passable nucleotide lesions. Given the mutagenic potential of these lesions, the wide application of this novel technique for the identification of those lesions and the quantification of in vivo DNA damage might have major implications for early detection of cancer precursor lesions and evaluation of prevention strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1966.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE IDENTITY OF PRECIPITINS AND PROTEIN SENSITIZERS (ALBUMINOLYSINS)
Authors: Hans Zinsser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

The experiments here recorded, as well as those preceding them and outlined in the introductory paragraphs, have had the purpose of analyzing the phenomenon of alexin fixation occurring when dissolved, unformed proteins are added to their specific antisera. The present experiments have shown that specific precipitates have the same relation to the complement fractions first described by Ferrata that are possessed by sensitized cells. In this they differ from indifferent suspensions, like kaolin, which fix alexin and its fractions indiscriminately, fixing the end-piece without dependence upon previous adsorption of the mid-piece. The writer believes this to be of theoretical importance since it seems to show, in the first place, that the fixation of alexin by precipitates is not merely a mechanical adsorption, and in that it renders more likely the supposition that the so called precipitin is actually a protein sensitizer by which a foreign protein is rendered amenable to the proteolytic action of the alexin. The visible precipitation in such reactions is merely secondary, occurring because of the colloidal nature of the reacting bodies, under conditions of quantitative proportions and environment which favor flocculation. It does not seem necessary to assume a structure for the so called precipitins essentially different from that of other sensitizers. Carried to its logical consequences, the acceptance of this view, taking the identity of agglutinins and precipitins at least as a possibility, leads to the conception that functionally there is but one variety of specific antibodies, and that is the sensitizer which makes possible the action of alexin or complement upon various antigens.
HLA class I and II, interferon, interleukin 2, and the interleukin 2 receptor expression on labial biopsy specimens from patients with Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: D Rowe, M Griffiths, J Stewart, D Novick, P.C Beverley, D.A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Labial biopsy specimens from eight patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 10 patients with secondary SS, and three healthy controls were studied with monoclonal antibodies identifying HLA class I and class II antigens; interferon-alpha, beta, and gamma; interleukin 2 (IL2); and the IL2 receptor (Tac) among others. In the normal biopsy specimens there was evidence of HLA class I and, to a lesser extent, class II antigens in both ducts and acini, though this was much less marked than in the Sjögren's biopsy specimens. Interferon-gamma staining, but not interferon-alpha or beta, was also considerably enhanced in the biopsy specimens from the patients with Sjögren's syndrome. These data support the view that in Sjögren's syndrome the release of interferon-gamma may be involved in the induction of class II determinants. Our observations were broadly similar in both primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome except that patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome tended to have more diffusely scattered T lymphocytes.