tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US Senate makes "critical progress" towards endorsing health reform bill
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Senate moved closer to a health reform bill with a compromise on 9 December that eliminated the proposed “public option” of a government run health insurance scheme. The compromise was developed by the Democratic leader, Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, and 10 centre and left leaning Democratic senators.

Senator Reid did not reveal all the details of the proposed compromise, which awaits review of its budgetary implications by the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office. The office’s review may come within days.

The proposed compromise came after Barack Obama held a closed meeting with Senate Democrats on Sunday 6 December. He later praised the compromise, saying …
THE DEATHS OF CALMETTE AND ROUX
Authors: Konrad E. Birkhaug
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Within but a few days' interval the illustrious Institut Pasteur at Paris has lost its two most distinguished leaders. On October 29, Prof. Albert Calmette died at the age of 70 years and on November 3, Dr. Emile Roux, director of the institute, died at the age of 79 years. This double loss to medical science can be fully grasped only by those interested in the progress of science. By their personal charm and creative genius they seemed surrounded by a preciousness wholly different from that of other mortals. Professor Calmette's keen intelligence was clearly portrayed in his distinguished looking face. But rarely is one fortunate to encounter such mild and radiant eyes. Pure goodness shone through them and betrayed the presence of an even and placid conscience. Always modest and quiet in his manners, he seemed to exist solely for the interests of science and the
A comparative study of the effectiveness of the Rinkel method and the current standard method of immunotherapy for ragweed pollen hay fever
Authors: Thomas E. Van Metre, N.Franklin Adkinson, Frank J. Amodio, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Michael R. Mardiney, Philip S. Norman, Gary L. Rosenberg, Anne K. Sobotka, Martin D. Valentine
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1980)
Hepatic Sirt1 deficiency in mice impairs mTorc2/Akt signaling and results in hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and insulin resistance
Authors: Rui-Hong Wang, Hyun-Seok Kim, Cuiying Xiao, Xiaoling Xu, Oksana Gavrilova, Chu-Xia Deng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The protein encoded by the sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) gene, which is a mouse homolog of yeast Sir2, is implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, using mice with a liver-specific null mutation of Sirt1, we have identified a signaling pathway involving Sirt1, Rictor (a component of mTOR complex 2 [mTorc2]), Akt, and Foxo1 that regulates gluconeogenesis. We found that Sirt1 positively regulates transcription of the gene encoding Rictor, triggering a cascade of phosphorylation of Akt at S473 and Foxo1 at S253 and resulting in decreased transcription of the gluconeogenic genes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck). Liver-specific Sirt1 deficiency caused hepatic glucose overproduction, chronic hyperglycemia, and increased ROS production. This oxidative stress disrupted mTorc2 and impaired mTorc2/Akt signaling in other insulin-sensitive organs, leading to insulin resistance that could be largely reversed with antioxidant treatment. These data delineate a pathway through which Sirt1 maintains insulin sensitivity and suggest that treatment with antioxidants might provide protection against progressive insulin resistance in older human populations.
SPECIAL ARTICLE
Authors: FREDERICK H. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

This review article deals with the relation between hyperglycemia and myocardial infarction as observed after recovery from the acute attack or, to the extent that such data are available, antedating it. Hyperglycemia must be added to the various forms of hyperlipemia, positive caloric balance, hypertension, smoking, and others as a risk factor toward the development of manifest atherosclerosis. It remains to be established to what extent hyperglycemia, as one of multiple predisposing influences, is a predictive indicator in its own right. One part of this answer must come from prospective, epidemiological studies, the other from investigations of the interrelationships between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the different forms of hyperlipemia and the mechanisms by which hyperglycemia is produced.
Similar T helper Th2‐like cytokine mRNA expression in vernal keratoconjunctivitis regardless of atopic constitution
Authors: P. G. Montan, A. Scheynius, I. Van Der Ploeg
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Many patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), a severe chronic allergic eye disease in children, exhibit IgE‐sensitization, but about 40% of cases lack this immunologic trait. As a disease factor in VKC, IgE is thus not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are any differences in the conjunctival cytokine messenger (m)RNA pattern related to IgE‐sensitization in children suffering from VKC. Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from 16 symptomatic VKC subjects with sub‐tarsal disease and six control subjects. Expression of mRNA for interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and interferon (IFN)‐γ was investigated with a semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technique. The presence of T cells, IgE + cells, mast cells, and eosinophils was analyzed with immunohistochemical methods. Allergen‐specific IgE antibodies were assessed in serum and with skin prick testing. Results: Ten out of the 16 VKC subjects showed evidence of IgE‐sensitization. No differences were detected for any tissue variable between VKC subjects with and without IgE‐sensitization. Statistically significant increases over controls were found for both VKC groups with regard to all cell markers. Conclusions: The amount of messenger RNA encoding cytokines and inflammatory cell markers in VKC did not correlate with IgE‐sensitization. Tissue changes in all patient samples were characterized by a prevalence of T cells, eosinophils, mast cells and cell‐bound IgE molecules. However, the role of cell‐bound IgE molecules in VKC patients lacking IgE‐sensitization remains to be determined.
Methotrexate and Hepatic Disease
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several reports have related methotrexate to hepatic disease.<sup>1-2</sup>An apparent increase lately may be due to its widespread use in the treatment of psoriasis. The importance of persistent inquiry in the use of hepatotoxic drugs in liver disease is illustrated in a case recently encountered. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 70-year-old white woman was admitted with jaundice of two months', weakness and weight loss of four months' duration. Four months earlier, the patient had been admitted to another hospital where a diagnosis of Laennec's cirrhosis had been made. The patient was obviously icteric. No skin lesions were noted. The finger nails were well groomed and appeared normal. The liver edge was palpated 8 cm below the right costal margin. The splenic tip was felt. There was slight edema of the ankles. Laboratory studies revealed a hematocrit value of 24% and white blood cell count of
Survey of School Meals
Authors: A. E. Bender, P. Magee, A. H. Nash
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A Survey of 48 schools in South-east England showed that the protein and energy contents of the school meals were well below the standards set by the Department of Health. It was found that 7.4% of the children did not have breakfast. One school provided meals twice the average size, and the food was eaten. About 10% of the food offered was wasted.
UK nuclear medicine is close to collapse, experts warn
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Many cancer patients in the United Kingdom are getting a substandard service because of a shortage of modern scanners and appropriately trained doctors, say specialists.

Nuclear medicine services are close to collapse, they warn. Unless more doctors train in the specialty, they say, already fragmented services for mainly cancer and cardiac patients will get worse.

With just four full positron emission tomography (PET) scanning facilities, the United Kingdom lags behind the United States and most of Europe in its provision of nuclear medicine, says the Intercollegiate Standing Committee on Nuclear Medicine.

The scanners, …
Contraception and Prevention of HIV Infection
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PYORRHEA ALVEOLARIS.Read in the Section on Dental and Oral Surgery at the Forty fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, Cal., June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: W. J. Younger
Journal: JAMA (1894)

By this name, I mean that condition in which there exist patches of a slate-colored calculus partially or entirely encrusting the roots of the teeth, with the alveolus more or less destroyed and the surrounding gums deep red, retracted and congested—though sometimes attenuated; usually yielding pus at the cervical margin between it and the tooth, but this feature is sometimes absent. This incrustation is firmly adherent to the cementum, for no pericemental tissue is ever found between it and the cementum. When removed it comes off in scales, leaving the portions of root from which it is detached, clean and white. This is true of the calculus on the shaft of the root, but that which is found around the apex of the fang is very difficult of removal, as it does not scale but has to be dragged off piecemeal or dissolved by chemicals. This is not in consequence
Reflections From Across the Atlantic on SUPPORT, Disclosure, Consent, and the Need for Neonatal Research
Authors: Thor Willy Ruud Hansen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

The discussion following the publication of the SUPPORT trial (Drazen, Solomon, and Greene 2013; Hudson, Guttmacher, and Collins 2013; Macklin and Shepherd 2013; Magnus and Kaplan 2013; Rich et al....
Vagal control of pacemaker periodicity and intranodal conduction in the rabbit sinoatrial node.
Authors: V A Slenter, J J Salata, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Effects of brief vagal bursting on pacemaker periodicity and intranodal conduction were studied by recording transmembrane potentials in isolated rabbit sinoatrial preparations. Postganglionic vagal terminals were activated by applying brief (50- to 150-msec) trains of pulses (duration, 100 mu sec; frequency, 200 Hz) to the endocardial surface of the node. Sympathetic effects were prevented by superfusion with Tyrode's solution containing propranolol (1 microgram/ml). Vagal trains applied singly every 10 seconds produced brief hyperpolarizations in "true" pacemaker and transitional cells, and induced phasic changes in periodicity and conduction. These changes were out of phase with each other, and were dependent on the magnitude and duration of the vagal train, as well as on its position within the pacemaker period. When similar trains were applied repetitively at cycle lengths (200-1200 msec) that were independent of the pacemaker period, complex patterns of vagus-sinoatrial node interactions resulted. Hence, depending on the vagal stimulus cycle length, the sinoatrial pacemaker was forced to beat at stable and predictable harmonic (i.e., 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, etc.), subharmonic (3:2, 4:3, etc.), or more complex entrainment ratios. At some of these ratios, arrhythmic sinus patterns coexisted with intranodal conduction disturbances, including first- and second-degree block, Wenckebach phenomena, or combinations thereof. At other entrainment ratios, arrhythmias occurred in the absence of conduction changes. At still other ratios, conduction disturbances developed in the presence of apparently undisturbed sinus rhythm. These results provide insight into the mechanism of the dynamic vagal control of sinoatrial periodicity and conduction, and may have clinical implications as well.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes With Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Coronary Stents
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Sunil Kumar, Mario Fusaro, Nicholas Amoroso, Michael J. Attubato, Frederick Feit, Deepak L. Bhatt, James Slater
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been in clinical use for nearly a decade; however, the relative short- and long-term efficacy and safety of DES compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) and among the DES types are less well defined. Methods and Results— PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized clinical trials, until March 2012, that compared any of the Food and Drug Administration–approved durable stent and polymer DES (sirolimus-eluting stent [SES], paclitaxel-eluting stent [PES], everolimus-eluting stent [EES], zotarolimus-eluting stent [ZES], and ZES-Resolute [ZES-R]) with each other or against BMS for de novo coronary lesions, enrolling at least 100 patients and with follow-up of at least 6 months. Short-term (≤1 year) and long-term efficacy (target-vessel revascularization, target-lesion revascularization) and safety (death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis) outcomes were evaluated and trial-level data pooled by both mixed-treatment comparison and direct comparison analyses. From 76 randomized clinical trials with 117 762 patient-years of follow-up, compared with BMS, each DES reduced long-term target-vessel revascularization (39%–61%), but the magnitude varied by DES type (EES∼SES∼ZES-R&gt;PES∼ZES&gt;BMS), with a &gt;42% probability that EES had the lowest target-vessel revascularization rate. There was no increase in the risk of any long-term safety outcomes, including stent thrombosis, with any DES (versus BMS). In addition, there was reduction in myocardial infarction (all DES except PES versus BMS) and stent thrombosis (with EES versus BMS: Rate ratio, 0.51; 95% credibility interval, 0.35–0.73). The safest DES appeared to be EES (&gt;86% probability), with reduction in myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis compared with BMS. Short-term outcomes were similar to long-term outcomes, with SES, ZES-R, and everolimus-eluting stent being the most efficacious and EES being the safest stent. Conclusions— DES are highly efficacious at reducing the risk of target-vessel revascularization without an increase in any safety outcomes, including stent thrombosis. However, among the DES types, there were considerable differences, such that EES, SES, and ZES-R were the most efficacious and EES was the safest stent.
Comparison of the Moorfields Classification Using Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy and Subjective Optic Disc Classification in Detecting Glaucoma in Blacks and Whites
Authors: Christopher A. Girkin, Julio E. DeLeon-Ortega, Aiyuan Xie, Gerald McGwin, Stella N. Arthur, Blythe E. Monheit
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Risk of internal cancers from arsenic in drinking water.
Authors: K H Morales, L Ryan, T L Kuo, M M Wu, C J Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is under a congressional mandate to revise its current standard for arsenic in drinking water. We present a risk assessment for cancers of the bladder, liver, and lung from exposure to arsenic in water, based on data from 42 villages in an arseniasis-endemic region of Taiwan. We calculate excess lifetime risk estimates for several variations of the generalized linear model and for the multistage-Weibull model. Risk estimates are sensitive to the model choice, to whether or not a comparison population is used to define the unexposed disease mortality rates, and to whether the comparison population is all of Taiwan or just the southwestern region. Some factors that may affect risk could not be evaluated quantitatively: the ecologic nature of the data, the nutritional status of the study population, and the dietary intake of arsenic. Despite all of these sources of uncertainty, however, our analysis suggests that the current standard of 50 microg/L is associated with a substantial increased risk of cancer and is not sufficiently protective of public health.
To use or not to use: Expanding the view on non-addictive psychoactive drug consumption and its implications
Authors: Christian P. Müller, Gunter Schumann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Proposing a change to the view on psychoactive drug use in non-addicts touches a sensitive issue because of its potential implications to addiction prevention, therapeutic practice, and drug policy. Commentators raised nine questions that ranged from clarifications, suggested extensions of the model to supporting data previously not regarded, to assumptions on the implications of the model. Here, we take up the suggestions of the commentators to expand the model to behavioral addictions, discuss additional instrumentalization goals, and review the evidence from laboratory animal studies on drug instrumentalization. We consider further the role of sociocultural factors and individual development in the establishment in drug instrumentalization and addiction. Finally, we clarify which implications we think this model may have. We conclude that drug instrumentalization theory can be further applied to other behaviors but will require a sensitive debate when used for drug and addiction policy that directly affects prevention and treatment.
Advanced Hand Speech
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have taken the advice of Dr. John R. Platt and placed 19 electrodes in the 19 bones in each of my hands, to develop a hand language as advanced over speech as speech is over grunts. The only difficulty is that my right and left hands now converse together, and wake me up at night. What do you suggest I do?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in plasma lipid fractions in cirrhotics with and without chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE)
Authors: E. Cabré, J. González, F. Glez-Huix, J.L. Periago, A. Abad-L, A. Gil, F. Sanchez-Medina, M. Esteve, F. Fdez-Banares, R. Planas, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Abnormal concentrations of esterified carnitine in bile: A feature of pediatric acute liver failure with poor prognosis
Authors: Benjamin L. Shneider, Piero Rinaldo, Sukru Emre, John Bucuvalas, Robert Squires, Michael Narkewicz, Gabriel Gondolesi, Margret Magid, Raffaella Morotti, Linda S. Hynan
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The etiology of acute liver failure in children is unknown in a large number of cases. Defects in fatty acid oxidation have been shown to lead to severe liver injury. This retrospective analysis examined the bile acylcarnitine profiles of 27 children with acute liver failure who underwent liver transplantation or died. Results were compared with 758 postmortem samples from individuals without acute liver failure. Cumulative amounts of free carnitine, medium- or long-chain species in excess of the 95th percentile of the control group were considered abnormal. Fourteen samples had normal profiles. Three had markedly elevated concentrations of free carnitine, whereas ten showed elevations in medium- or long-chain species. The relative risk of death was 2.86 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-7.54, P = .01) in the 10 children with elevated concentrations of medium- or long-chain species compared with those with normal analyses. Overall, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were increased in those patients who died compared with survivors, (dead vs. alive; medium-chain, 187 +/- 74 vs. 32 +/- 12 micromol/L, P = .008; long-chain, 146 +/- 74 vs. 15 +/- 8 micromol/L, mean +/- standard error of the mean, P = .018). These studies describe biliary free and esterified carnitine profiles in children with acute liver failure. In conclusion, the findings raise the hypothesis that abnormalities in fatty acid oxidation may predispose to a worse outcome in acute liver failure.
Redirection of allergen-specific TH2 responses by a modified adenine through Toll-like receptor 7 interaction and IL-12/IFN release
Authors: Lucia Filì, Simona Ferri, Francesco Guarna, Salvatore Sampognaro, Cinzia Manuelli, Francesco Liotta, Lorenzo Cosmi, Andrea Matucci, Alessandra Vultaggio, Francesco Annunziato, Enrico Maggi, Antonio Guarna, Sergio Romagnani, Paola Parronchi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Use of predeposit autologous blood transfusion varies greatly
Authors: F G Rushambuza, V J Martlew
Journal: BMJ (1996)

but zygosity has no effect on the risk of disease for either male (P=0-23) or female twins (P=0-63).John A Davis's points about environmental factors such as infection and diet are important.In fact, in our paper we argued against uncritical use of estimates of heritability and for in depth studies of concordance according to zygosity and the co-occurrence of immunological markers and susceptibility genes.Davis's points about monozygotic twins being reared differently from dizygotic twins and being of a lower birth weight would imply a higher prevalence of disease in monozygotic than dizygotic twins.However, we have found exactly the same prevalence of disease in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, similar to that in the general population.
The Significance of the Suicide Gesture in the Military
Authors: GARY J. TUCKER, E. R. GORMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The suicide gesture is most frequently a communicative act directed at the patient's environment. This study describes a group of military patients who have chosen this dramatic form of communication and highlights two important factors in their personality make-up: their intense need to resolve their perceived conflict and their sense of social isolation. Other distinctive demographic characteristics are also described.
American Medical Association backs health reform despite challenges from some members
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The American Medical Association, which now represents less than a quarter of US doctors, last week beat back an attempt to revoke its support for the health reform bill passed on 21 March 2010 ( BMJ 2010;340;c1635, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1635).

The AMA’s support of health reform, which it had opposed in the past, was crucial to passage of the bill last year. The association has taken a position in favour of President Barack Obama’s health reform since July 2009.

By a two to one vote and after some angry discussions, members of the AMA’s house of delegates, meeting in Chicago on 20 June, defeated a proposal to rescind …