tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Guglielmo Ardito, Luca Revelli, Erika Giustozzi, Massimo Salvatori, Guido Fadda, Francesco Ardito, Nicola Avenia, Alice Ferretti, Lucia Rampin, Sotirios Chondrogiannis, Patrick M. Colletti, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Background and Aim Papillary thyroid carcinomas smaller than 1 cm are classified as papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs). Papillary microcarcinomas are usually considered low-risk tumors; however in some cases, PMCs behave aggressively and metastasize early, giving rise to clinically metastatic disease. Debate exists in the literature about prognostic factors and therapeutic management to PMC. We report here the long-term experience of our referral center for malignant thyroid disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 149 consecutive patients with PMC who underwent surgery at our institution between 2000 and 2005; 49 of them (33% of cases) were treated also with radioiodine therapy. Clinical and histopathological parameters potentially predicting patient outcome and recurrent disease were statistically investigated, after a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Results After a median follow-up of 5.4 years (range, 5–11 years), 28 (19%) of 149 patients experienced recurrent disease. All of them were reoperated on and newly treated with radioiodine administration. Of these 28 patients, 27 are living without disease, whereas 1 patient died due to metastatic thyroid cancer to lungs. The multivariate statistical analysis identified extrathyroid invasion (odds ratio [OR], 58.54; P = 0.013), the solid pattern (OR, 25.77; P < 0.001), the tumor multifocality (OR, 15.80; P = 0.005), and the absence of tumor capsule (OR, 9.74; P = 0.015) as significant and independent risk factors for the appearance of PMC recurrences. Of note, in most patients who experienced recurrent disease, the PMC had been diagnosed preoperatively and often for the presence of cervical clinically evident lymphadenopathy. On the other hand, none of the PMC "incidentally" discovered at histopathological examination alone experienced recurrent disease during follow-up. Conclusions Although most PMCs have an indolent course, there is a fraction (19% in our series) of patients with PMC and aggressive behavior strongly correlated with some histopathological features (extrathyroid invasion, solid pattern, tumor multifocality, and absence of a capsule) who need to be individualized and for whom a radical therapeutic approach is recommended based on total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by radioiodine administration.
War and Public Health
Authors: Paul R. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

From<i>AIDS: Understanding Molecular Biology: Characterization of HIV Genome</i>, by P. Z. Taussig, 75+ pp, with illus, ISBN 1-889167-01-0, Angleton, Tex, Doctor Press (drpress@mastnet.net; 409-848-2704), 1997 (story book with college level glossary). Reproduced by permission. War It is axiomatic that war involves killing. But war also leaves wounds, infections, and suffering lingering for years, poisoning relationships, psyches, soils, forests, and underground water systems.<i>War and Public Health</i>addresses all these issues in a handsomely crafted text, replete with photographs, tables, and charts, and delivers an overwhelming indictment of war and its devastating impact on populations and public health. Beginning with a foreword by Jimmy Carter and stage-setting introductions by William Foege and the late James Grant, Barry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel have organized a tightly edited text, encompassing the civilian consequences of modern conflicts (90% of the deaths are now noncombatants) (Garfield and Neugut); the impacts of diverting
Experts urge action to stop animal diseases infecting humans
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Scientists have called on governments to take urgent action to prevent the emergence of new zoonotic diseases—ones that jump species from animals to humans—in the wake of recent fatal outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), believed to have been transmitted by civet cats, and avian flu from birds.

Experts told an international conference on zoonotic diseases hosted by the World Health Organization in Geneva on 3 to 5 May that over the past …
Fluticasone and budesonide inhibit cytokine release in human lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages
Authors: A Ek, K Larsson, S Siljerud, L Palmberg
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Glucocorticoids are potent anti‐inflammatory agents capable of influencing cytokine release in a number of cell types. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether glucocorticoids, frequently used in the treatment of asthma, interfere with cytokine secretion by lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in vitro . Inhalation of swine dust induces airway inflammation with influx of inflammatory cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Therefore, human lung epithelial cells (A549) and human alveolar macrophages were stimulated with swine dust or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the inhibitory effect of budesonide and fluticasone propionate on cytokine release was studied in a dose‐response (10 −13 –10 −8 M) manner. The time course for the steroid effect was also investigated. Both steroids caused a dose‐dependent, almost total, inhibition of swine dust‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 release from epithelial cells and LPS‐induced IL‐6 and TNF‐α from alveolar macrophages. The steroids only partially inhibited IL‐8 release from alveolar macrophages. Budesonide was approximately 10 times less potent than fluticasone propionate. Preincubation with the steroids did not inhibit cytokine release more than simultaneous incubation with stimulus and steroid. In conclusion, budesonide and fluticasone propionate, in concentrations that probably occur in the airway lining fluid during inhalational therapy, inhibited cytokine release from human lung epithelial cells (IL‐6, IL‐8) and alveolar macrophages (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8). In vitro , the onset of this effect was rapid.
Digital Vasospasm and Infarction Associated With Hepatitis B Antigenemia
Authors: Thomas M. Cosgriff
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE EXTRAHEPATIC manifestations of hepatitis B, many the result of immune complex disease, have been appreciated only in recent years. These manifestations can be grouped into two syndromes: (1) a transient, serum sickness-like illness, consisting primarily of polyarthritis and an urticarial or exanthematous skin rash,<sup>1,2</sup>and (2) periarteritis nodosa, with fever, skin rash, renal failure, hypertension, and central nervous system disease, which is associated with a persistent hepatitis B antigenemia and frequently proves fatal.<sup>3-6</sup>In addition, two cases of glomerulonephritis secondary to hepatitis B antigenemia with glomerular immune complex deposition have been reported.<sup>7,8</sup>We report a patient with hepatitis B antigenemia who had a serum sickness-like syndrome associated with digital vasospasm, striking cyanosis, and subsequent infarction of her fingertips one month before manifesting icteric hepatitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old woman was well until eight days prior to admission, when she complained of slight fever and
Altered resistive vessel function after coronary angioplasty is not due to reduced production of nitric oxide
Authors: N UREN, T CRAKE, D LEFROY, G DAVIES, A MASERI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The coronary vasodilator reserve with dipyridamole may be impaired immediately after successful angioplasty due to reduced endothelial production or release of nitric oxide. As the vasodilator response to exogenous nitrates is enhanced by endothelium removal or inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis, an increased vasodilator response to nitrovasodilators, such as nitroprusside, should occur. Methods: The coronary vasodilator reserve (maximal/basal coronary blood flow) with intravenous dipyridamole (0.56 mg/min for 4 min) was measured by Doppler catheterization before and after angioplasty in 10 patients with single-vessel coronary disease. At peak dipyridamole effect, incremental doses of nitroprusside (4–50 μg/min) were given intracoronary until systolic blood pressure fell by ≥ 5 mmHg. Results: Before angioplasty, the coronary blood flow increased from 19.7 ± 6.1 (mean ± s.d.) at basal to 30.1 ± 11.9 ml/min at the peak dipyridamole effect (P < 0.01), giving a coronary vasodilator reserve of 1.62 ± 0.39 (range 1.20–1.96). After angioplasty, the coronary blood flow increased from 32.4 ± 13.2 at basal to 53.4 ± 23.3 ml/min at the peak dipyridamole effect (P < 0.01), giving a coronary vasodilator reserve of 1.77 ± 0.64 (range 1.17–2.42). Sodium nitroprusside had no additional effect on coronary flow (49.5 ± 20.4 and 52.2 ± 18.0 ml/min) before and after a fall in systolic blood pressure, respectively. Conclusions: The vasodilator response to dipyridamole was markedly impaired immediately after successful angioplasty, and was not augmented by intracoronary nitroprusside. Thus, a reduced production or release of nitric oxide in the coronary circulation does not seem to be responsible for the impaired vasodilator response after angioplasty.
Arterial myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass. Early angiographic evaluation
Authors: Olivier Gurné, Michel Buche, Patrick Chenu, Patrick Evrard, Edith Collard, Philippe Eucher, Yves Louagie, Baudouin Marchandise, Erwin Schroeder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Intractable hiccuping in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: H Ikram, R T Orchard, S E Read
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Unfortunately our patient was too ill for studies of pancreatic function immediately before and after radiotherapy, but irradiation clearly resulted in a rapid inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion.The effect was transient: 12 weeks later pancreatic function was only slightly impaired.Though pancreatic ascites has resolved after conservative management and after diagnostic laparotomy (Barua et al, 1962; Cameron et al., 1969) the rapid cessation of pancreatic secretion after irradiation in our case clearly suggests a cause and effect relationship and that irradiation of the pancreas may be a useful treatment of pancreatic ascites, particularly when surgery is inadvisable or impossible.
Plasma and adipose tissue fatty acids of Diabetic Children On long-term corn oil diets
Authors: Eileen C. Albutt, Graham W. Chance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A method is described to determine the fatty acid composition of small samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and of fasting plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides. These analyses were carried out on samples from five normal children, six diabetic children consuming a standard diabetic diet, 17 diabetic children prescribed a diet rich in corn oil since diagnosis 4-7 years ago, and 2 brothers with familial hypercholesterolemia on a corn oil diet for 3 yr. The results obtained showed that: (1) The composition of adipose tissue triglycerides in the diabetic children on a standard diet was similar to that in the normal children. (2) The 17 diabetic children were consuming different quantities of corn oil. (3) There was a highly significant correlation between the percentage of linoleic acid present in adipose tissue and in the fasting plasma FFA fraction. It is therefore concluded that future assessments of the adherence of these diabetic children to their corn oil diet will be possible by examination of the fasting plasma FFA fraction, obviating the need for repeated adipose tissue biopsies. (4) The sum of the concentration of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of the same chain length in adipose tissue was similar to that in the fasting plasma FFA fraction, even though the proportions of individual acids were different in the two fractions.
Prostacyclin (PGI2) induces coronary vasodilatation in anaesthetised dogs
Authors: G. J. DUSTING, D. J. CHAPPLE, R. HUGHES, S. MONCADA, J. R. VANE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Prostacyclin (PGI2), the predominant metabolite of arachidonic acid in isolated hearts, relaxes strips of bovine coronary artery and is a potent vasodilator in isolated perfused hearts. We have examined the actions of prostacyclin on coronary blood flow in open chest dogs anaesthetised with chloralose. An electromagnetic flow probe was fitted to the left circumflex artery and phasic coronary flow, mean coronary flow (a measure of coronary volume flow over 4 s intervals), and coronary vascular resistance were recorded together with aortic pressure and heart rate. Intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (0.05 to 1.0 microgram.kg.1.min.1), reduced coronary vascular resistance and aortic pressure according to dose, but had only small effects on phasic coronary flow or mean coronary flow. Both tachycardia and bradycardia occurred during infusion of prostacyclin, but 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1alpha (infused at 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), the stable degradation produce of prostacyclin, had no cardiovascular effects. The coronary vasodilator effects of prostacyclin were clear when it was injected into the left circumflex artery via a fine catheter distal to the flow probe. Prostacyclin (0.05 to 0.5 microgram) increased phasic coronary flow and mean coronary flow up to 3 fold and reduced coronary vascular resistance without affecting aortic pressure or heart rate, although higher doses had systemic effects. Prostaglandin E1 (0.1 to 0.5 microgram), which also dilated the coronary vessels, had a longer lasting effect and was 1 to 4 times more potent than prostacyclin. Prostaglandin E2, (0.5 to 4 microgram) was less potent than prostacyclin. In four dogs prostacyclin (20 to 500 micrograms) applied epicardially to the left ventricle caused marked and prolonged coronary vasodilatation. Epicardial application of prostacyclin (10 to 25 micrograms) to the right ventricle increased coronary sinus oxygen content with minimal changes in blood pressure. The endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 was a coronary vasodilator of similar potency to prostacyclin, but its analogue U46619 is a vasoconstrictor. Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase with indomethacin (5 mg.kg-1 i.v.) or sodium meclofenamate (2 mg.kg-1 i.v.) potentiated the coronary dilator effects of prostacyclin given intravenously or into the coronary artery. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition did not alter the hypotensive effects and increased the coronary vasodilator potency of prostacyclin relative to prostaglandin E2. Thus the sensitivity of the coronary vascular bed to prostacyclin is enhanced when endogenous biosynthesis of prostaglandin-like substances is inhibited. Although the importance of arachidonic acid metabolites in the coronary circulation still requires validation in vivo, it is clear that prostacyclin, and not prostaglandin E2, is the prostaglandin most likely to be involved.
The Laying On of Hands
Authors: Richard B. Weinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor1 July 1992The Laying On of HandsRichard B. Weinberg, MDRichard B. Weinberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-1-83 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI had been dreading the call all day. I was in the library when my pager sounded and, as I walked to the wall phone, I had an ominous premonition. It was my brother. "They found abnormal lymph tissue on the chest x-ray," he said. "What does it mean?" Struck with an upwelling of nausea, I sagged against the wall. Healthy, active, he had gone for the x-ray at my urging, after complaining of fevers and strange chest pains for over a month. "Well, it could be lots of different things . . . ," I began, reassuring him; but... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Bowman Gray School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC 27157 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInconvenient truths about effective clinical teaching 1 July 1992Volume 117, Issue 1Page: 83-84KeywordsFeversIschemiaLibrariesLymphNauseaThorax Issue Published: 1 July 1992 Copyright© 1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF DownloadLoading ...
New Drugs for Hypertension, with Special Reference to Chlorothiazide
Authors: Robert W. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SINCE 1950 a virtual revolution has occurred in the use of drugs for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Within this period medical practice has moved from an era in which there was almost no effective drug treatment for hypertension to a time when a flood of new principles and their derivatives have been introduced and are being widely used, both alone and in combination, in the management of this disease. It is the purpose of the present report to consider for the general physician the different groups of drugs that are of use, along with their newly perfected derivatives or . . .
The Use of L-Lysine Monohydrochloride in Combination with Mercurial Diuretics in the Treatment of Refractory Fluid Retention
Authors: ALBERT L. RUBIN, NORTON SPRITZ, ALLEN W. MEAD, RICHARD A. HERRMANN, WARREN S. BRAVEMAN, E. HUGH LUCKEY
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Administration of large doses of L-lysine monohydrochloride at meal times has proved to be an efficient method, free of significant side effects, for the production of a hyperchloremic acidosis to restore responsiveness to mercurial diuretics in cardiac and cirrhotic patients with refractory fluid retention. Results obtained in a group of 14 patients are presented and advantages of L-lysine monohydrochloride over previously available acidifying chloride salts are discussed.
Mental health law
Authors: N Eastman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Responding to my paper on mental health law,1 the National Schizophrenia Fellowship writes2 that it supports supervised discharge orders.3 The form that such orders might take, however, has now been called into question by the recommendation by the Clunis inquiry that, within the order, “if the responsible medical officer considers that the patient has failed to comply with the plan, or that the patient's mental health is deteriorating, the patient may be recalled to hospital.”4 The Department of Health's original version of the order would allow only for urgent case review with a view to re-sectioning under the …
DIASTOLIC CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAIN RATE DURING ISOVOLUMIC RELAXATION: A NOVEL MEASURE OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION OBTAINED USING A PROTOTYPE RADIOFREQUENCY-BASED SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY SYSTEM
Authors: Theodore J. Kolias, Matthew O’Donnell, Nicole M. Kline, Lingling Zhang, James D. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cervical smears: new terminology and new demands.
Authors: H Fox
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Cervical smears: new terminology and new demands A report on a cervical smear indicates a course of action.The message must therefore be clear-for any confusion may lead to the wrong or even a dangerous response.Confusion should not occur if all reports used a common, clearly defined vocabulary, but, regrettably, they do not.A plethora of classifications, terminologies, and numerical rubrics is used.Doctors moving from one area to another-may encounter reports couched in totally different terms.To try to over-
Characterization of intraatrial reentrant tachycardia in patients after mustard operation for transposition of great arteries using electroanatomic and entrainment mapping
Authors: Bernhard Zrenner, Jun Dong, Jürgen Schreieck, Harald Kaemmerer, Michael Schneider, Gjin Ndrepepa, John Hess, Claus Schmitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Syndrome of Carcinoid and Acquired Valve Lesions of the Right Side of the Heart
Authors: WILLIAM B. BEAN, DAVID OLCH, HARRY B. WEINBERG
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Recent papers by Biörck and Rosenbaum have revived interest in the rare disease characterized pathologically by carcinoid of the small intestine, metastases to the liver, acquired nonrheumatic disease of the tricuspid and pulmonic valve, and angiomas in the skin. Clinically the condition is characterized by dramatic episodes of flushing, mottling of the skin, diarrhea, dyspnea and ultimately by congestive failure. Probably 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) liberated from the carcinoid tumors induces the vascular changes. The suggestion is set forth that an antagonist to this compound might reduce the symptoms and perhaps favorably affect the course of the disease. Two cases are reported.
Intradermal Immunization With Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine
Authors: Michael J. Burridge
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Intradermal administration of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) was investigated in an attempt to reduce the current high cost of preexposure rabies prophylaxis. The study population consisted of 240 volunteers from a veterinary hospital, 165 of whom had prior vaccination with duck embryo rabies vaccine (DEV). Vaccine safety was good; only minor reactions were experienced, all of which resolved spontaneously. Serological responses to intradermal HDCV were excellent; 209 (99.5%) of the 210 persons who completed the study produced rabies antibody titers of 0.50 IU/mL or greater (range, 0.50 to 40.00 IU/mL). Two 0.1-mL doses of HDCV given intradermally 28 days apart provide a safe, effective, and economical method for human preexposure prophylaxis against rabies, irrespective of the previous DEV vaccination history of the recipient. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1611-1614)
The Aurora kinase inhibitor VE-465 has anticancer effects in pre-clinical studies of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhong-Zhe Lin, Hey-Chi Hsu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Pei-Yen Yeh, Chi-Ying F. Huang, Yung-Feng Huang, Te-Jung Chen, Sung-Hsin Kuo, Chiun Hsu, Fu-Chang Hu, Yung-Ming Jeng, Ying Chung, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Characterization of AmphiF-spondin reveals the modular evolution of chordate F-spondin genes
Authors: S. M. Shimeld
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The F-spondin genes are a family of extracellular matrix molecules united by two conserved domains, FS1 and FS2, at the amino terminus plus a variable number of thrombospondin repeats at the carboxy terminus. Currently, characterized members include a single gene in Drosophila and multiple genes in vertebrates. The vertebrate genes are expressed in the midline of the developing embryo, primarily in the floor plate of the neural tube. To investigate the evolution of chordate F-spondin genes, I have used the basal position in chordate phylogeny of the acraniate amphioxus. A single F-spondin-related gene, named AmphiF-spondin, was isolated from amphioxus. Based on molecular phylogenetics, AmphiF-spondin is closely related to a particular subgroup of vertebrate F-spondin genes that encode six thrombospondin repeats. However, unlike these genes, expression of AmphiF-spondin is not confined to the midline but is found through most of the central nervous system. Additionally, AmphiF-spondin has lost three thrombospondin repeats and gained two fibronectin type III repeats, one of which has strong identity to a fibronectin type III repeat from Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). Taken together, these results suggest a complex evolutionary history for chordate F-spondin genes that includes (1) domain loss, (2) domain gain by tandem duplication and divergence of existing domains, and (3) gain of heterologous domains by exon shuffling.