tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Grade (FGFR3/MIB-1) and EORTC Risk Scores Are Predictive in Primary Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Tahlita C.M. Zuiverloon, André N. Vis, François Radvanyi, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Bert C.M. Ooms, Wim J. Kirkels, Gina A. Lockwood, Egbert R. Boevé, Adriaan C. Jöbsis, Ellen C. Zwarthoff, Theo H. van der Kwast
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Sexuality and Medicine, vol 1 : Conceptual Roots
Authors: Marc H. Hollender
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This volume, part of the large series<i>Philosophy and Medicine</i>, is the first of two volumes devoted to<i>Sexuality and Medicine</i>. In the introduction, Shelp states that the essays (13 in number) are intended to help bridge analytic philosophy and theories of medicine. He adds, "Some subjects are discussed generally and others are more narrowly focused. In both instances, however, the contributors have attempted to demonstrate the importance of conceptualizations and empirical findings to understandings of human sexual function, identity, and expression." In the preface to this volume, Soble raises several questions. Among them are the following: If the clinical approach to understanding and treating homosexuality is no longer in favor because homosexuality is no longer conceptualized as an individual pathology, then how are medicine and biomedical ethics relevant? If sexual concepts are always in the process of change, can these disciplines be assured of more than passing significance in
Detection of continuing gluten ingestion in treated coeliac patients.
Authors: P G Baker, R E Barry, A E Read
Journal: BMJ (1975)

To assess the incidence and effects of continuing gluten ingestion in coeliac disease 51 adult coeliac patients were studied after four to 132 (mean 63) months on a prescribed gluten-free diet. Each patient completed a prospective dietary questionnaire, underwent a repeat jejunal biopsy, and gave serum for gluten antibody estimation. Altogether 65% of patients were still ingesting gluten, often inadvertently. Direct questioning on dietary habits had failed to uncover most of this consumption. The gluten antibody test proved a useful screening test for detecting continuing gluten ingestion and patients with both persistent subtotal villous atrophy and gluten antibodies were almost certain to be taking large amounts ( more than 2 g/day). The presence of persistent partial villous atrophy was found, however, to be an unreliable guide to gluten intake.
Use of the Internal Mammary Artery Graft and In-Hospital Mortality and Other Adverse Outcomes Associated With Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Bruce J. Leavitt, Gerald T. O’Connor, Elaine M. Olmstead, Jeremy R. Morton, Christopher T. Maloney, Lawrence J. Dacey, Felix Hernandez, Stephen J. Lahey
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —There is clear evidence that patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgeries with an internal mammary artery (IMA) have better long-term survival. Some studies have suggested a short-term protective effect as well but, because older and sicker patients are less likely to receive an IMA graft, there has been concern that the apparent protective effect of the IMA on short-term mortality has been confounded by other risk factors. This study was intended to examine the independent effect of IMA grafts on in-hospital mortality while adjusting for patient and disease factors. Methods and Results —We studied the use of the left IMA (LIMA) in 21 873 consecutive, isolated, first-time coronary artery bypass graft procedures from 1992 through 1999. A total of 87% of the patients received a LIMA graft. LIMA graft use was associated with a significantly decreased risk of mortality. The crude odds ratio for death (LIMA versus no LIMA) was 0.26 (95% confidence intervals, 0.22, 0.31; P &lt;0.001). LIMA grafts were protective across all major patient and disease subgroups. The odds ratios by subgroup ranged from 0.13 to 0.48. After adjustment for all major risk factors, the odds ratio for death was 0.40 (95% confidence intervals, 0.33, 0.48; P &lt;0.001). Rates of cerebrovascular accident, return to cardiopulmonary bypass, return to the operating room for bleeding, and mediastinitis or sternal dehiscence requiring surgery were also less in the LIMA group, although not significantly so. Conclusions —These data suggest that in addition to its well-documented patency and long-term beneficial effect, LIMA grafting has a strong protective effect on perioperative mortality.
Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study
Authors: R. Kuepper, J. van Os, R. Lieb, H.-U. Wittchen, M. Hofler, C. Henquet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether use of cannabis in adolescence increases the risk for psychotic outcomes by affecting the incidence and persistence of subclinical expression of psychosis in the general population (that is, expression of psychosis below the level required for a clinical diagnosis). <b>Design</b> Analysis of data from a prospective population based cohort study in Germany (early developmental stages of psychopathology study). <b>Setting</b> Population based cohort study in Germany. <b>Participants</b> 1923 individuals from the general population, aged 14-24 at baseline. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incidence and persistence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms after use of cannabis in adolescence. Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed at three time points (baseline, T2 (3.5 years), T3 (8.4 years)) over a 10 year follow-up period with the Munich version of the composite international diagnostic interview (M-CIDI). <b>Results</b> In individuals who had no reported lifetime psychotic symptoms and no reported lifetime cannabis use at baseline, incident cannabis use over the period from baseline to T2 increased the risk of later incident psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (adjusted odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1; P=0.021). Furthermore, continued use of cannabis increased the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (2.2, 1.2 to 4.2; P=0.016). The incidence rate of psychotic symptoms over the period from baseline to T2 was 31% (152) in exposed individuals versus 20% (284) in non-exposed individuals; over the period from T2 to T3 these rates were 14% (108) and 8% (49), respectively. <b>Conclusion</b> Cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of incident psychotic symptoms. Continued cannabis use might increase the risk for psychotic disorder by impacting on the persistence of symptoms.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Early Repolarization: Electrocardiographic Phenotypes Associated With Favorable Long-Term Outcome”
Authors: Jani T. Tikkanen, M. Juhani Junttila, Samuli Luttinen, Heikki V. Huikuri, Olli Anttonen, Aapo L. Aro, Tuomas Kerola, Solomon J. Sager, Robert J. Myerburg, Harri A. Rissanen, Antti Reunanen
Journal: Circulation (2011)
[607] A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ADHERENCE WITH VIRAL HEPATITIS C TREATMENTS (CHEOBS): IMPACT OF PAST PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ON SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE (SVR)
Authors: J.P. Lang, P. Melin, D. Ouzan, L. Cattan, M. Chousterman, M. Rotily, T. Fontanges, P. Marcellin, P. Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Abstract P6-11-09: FAK Inhibitor VS-4718 Attenuates Breast Cancer Stem Cell Function In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: VN Kolev, CM Vidal, IM Shapiro, M Pavdal, M Keegan, Q Xu, JA Pachter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that mediates signal transduction by integrins as well as growth factor receptors. FAK has been implicated in multiple steps of carcinogenesis including tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. Amplification and overexpression of FAK have been observed in aggressive human cancers including breast cancer. We have now observed that VS-4718, a selective FAK kinase inhibitor, exhibits preferential inhibitory effects on breast cancer stem cells. VS-4718 is a potent and selective FAK kinase inhibitor that blocks fibronectin-stimulated FAK autophosphorylation at Tyr397 at low nanomolar concentrations. To determine if FAK plays a role in the biology of breast cancer stem cells, VS-4718 was evaluated in a multitude of cancer stem cell assays both in vitro and in vivo. In parallel, treatment of SUM159 triple negative breast cancer cells in vitro with FAK shRNA inhibits tumorsphere formation. These data taken together indicate a role of FAK in breast cancer stem cell renewal. Similarly, pre-treatment of SUM159 cells with VS-4718 in matrigel attenuated secondary tumorsphere formation. Furthermore, VS-4718 reduced the side population (SP) and the percentage of ALDEFLUOR+ cancer stem cells in SUM159 breast cancer cells in vitro. In direct contrast, standard-of-care agent paclitaxel increased the percentage of ALDEFLUOR+ cancer stem cells in all three assays. The in vivo effect of VS-4718 on cancer stem cells was evaluated in SUM159 and MDA-MB-231 human triple negative breast cancer xenograft models. Following systemic administration, VS-4718 induced significant reduction of cancer stem cells in tumors as assessed by a decrease in ALDEFLUOR+ cells and tumorsphere-forming efficiency relative to vehicle-treated tumors. In summary, our results indicate the importance of FAK in the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and support the clinical development of the selective FAK inhibitor VS-4718 to target cancer stem cells for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-09.
Selective regulation of intrinsic membrane proteins in HepG2
Authors: Janna C. Collins, Allan W. Wolkoff, Anatol G. Morell, Richard J. Stockert
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Expression of three hepatocellular membrane proteins—the asialoglycoprotein receptor (hepatic binding protein) the insulin receptor and organic anion binding protein—have been studied in the HepG2 cell line. HepG2 grown in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum maximally expressed hepatic binding protein and insulin receptor only at confluence while organic anion binding protein appeared independent of the state of cellular proliferation. When cells were grown in medium supplemented with dialyzed fetal bovine serum, adult bovine serum or in chemically defined medium, expression of hepatic binding protein and insulin receptor but not organic anion binding protein was reduced by 60 to 80%. Immunoblotting techniques revealed that cells grown in dialyzed fetal bovine serum contained virtually no mature, glycosylated 45 kD hepatic binding protein, but a small amount of 36 kD protein. Metabolic labeling of cells grown in dialyzed fetal bovine serum with [ 35 S ] methionine indicated reduced synthesis of the 45 kD hepatic binding protein and the absence of the 36 kD protein. Restoration of normal expression of hepatic binding protein and insulin receptor was achieved by addition to dialyzed fetal bovine serum of: fetal bovine serum; 2,000 dalton ultrafiltrate of fetal bovine serum, or 300 to 350 dalton fraction of the ultrafiltrate. The normal concentration of organic anion binding protein demonstrable in cells grown in dialyzed fetal bovine serum indicates that the low molecular weight factor(s) is not a generalized modulator of plasma membrane biogenesis. However, its effect on the steady-state level of the hepatic binding protein and insulin receptor, characteristic of mature hepatocytes, suggests a role for this fetal serum factor in hepatocellular differentiation.
Nongenomic Mechanisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by the Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Raloxifene
Authors: Tommaso Simoncini, Andrea R. Genazzani, James K. Liao
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Nontranscriptional signaling through estrogen receptors (ERs) is important in the cardiovascular system. In particular, estrogen stimulates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene is effective for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but its ability to activate eNOS via PI3K is unknown. Methods and Results — Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in estrogen-deprived, phenol red-free medium. Raloxifene stimulated eNOS in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Activation of eNOS by raloxifene was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 but not by transcriptional or translational inhibitors. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that, in a ligand-dependent manner, raloxifene increased ERα-associated p85α, p110α, and PI3K activity. This correlated temporally with increases in the serine and threonine phosphorylation and activation of protein kinase Akt. Conclusions — Our findings indicate that nongenomic ER signaling triggered by a SERM leads to a rapid activation of NO synthesis in human endothelial cells. The ability of raloxifene to facilitate ERα-PI3K interaction may provide additional insight into the structure-function relationship of specific SERMs, which promote the nontranscriptional effects of ER.
Peter Driscoll Booker
Authors: F. Potter
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Peter Driscoll Booker was an expert paediatric cardiac anaesthetist through an era during which the complexity of work undertaken increased greatly, outcomes improved, and paediatric cardiac surgery came under ever greater scrutiny. He made important contributions to the study of the use of inotropic drugs in such surgery and coedited the textbook Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia. 1 He was a superb clinical …
First UK patents for cloning issued to creators of Dolly the sheep
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The first UK patents for cloning methods were issued last week to researchers at the Roslin Institute, near Edinburgh, Scotland, covering critical aspects of the technology used to create Dolly the sheep.

The patents cover the use of quiescent cells in nuclear transfer and any cloned animals produced as a result. They include claims that cover the possible use of the technology in therapeutic cloning of human cells.

The patents (numbered GB2318578 and GB2331751) are jointly owned by the institute where the technology was developed (the Roslin Institute)and the bodies that funded the …
Hazards of epilepsy.
Authors: J Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Hazards of epilepsy SIR,-I was interested to read your leading article on this subject (3 June, p 1436), especially that section in which you state that "from the infrequency of reports of death during sleep apparently due to suffocation during a fit the hazard may be presumed rare-especially in comparison with the frequency of nocturnal fits in children.Even so, substitution of a firm pillow might be a wise safeguard."This statement is certainly contrary to the conclusions drawn by my colleague Dr H J A Longmore and myself in 1970, when three patients with grand mal epilepsy who had died by suffocation in their pillow were reported.'This article stimulated the reply from Dr C Worster-Drought2 on which was based the comment referred to above.Dr Worster-Drought had, during his 45 years as a neurologist in Harley Street, seen no such cases and considered them uncommon.
Global Climate Controversy
Authors: J. S. Gray, M. Depledge, A. Knap
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Patz and colleagues 1 suggests a link between outbreaks of cholera and marine algal blooms. We believe such a link is speculative in the extreme. Cockburn and Cassanos 2 first suggested that seasonal fluctuations in cholera were associated with growths of bluegreen algae in freshwater ponds. Oppenheimer et al 3 postulated that Vibrio cholerae was retained within the mucous sheath of the alga, was released into the water, and multiplied vigorously in the rich nutrients derived from the decayed bloom. The pond water was then used by humans, and cholera spread. Yet these authors performed no statistical analyses. The data presented showed that the number of cholera cases increased from just above zero in July and August to a peak of more than 700 between October and November, while the water temperature decreased from 32°C to 20°C. The peak algal bloom was 290
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis: A long-term follow-up study of two patients
Authors: Charles M. A. Bijleveld, Roel J. Vonk, Folkert Kuipers, Rick Havinga, John Fernandes
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Two brothers with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis were studied over a period of 6 years. During this period, 11 episodes of cholestasis were observed, with a mean duration of 2.6 months (range: 2 weeks to 6 months). Once, both brothers developed cholestasis simultaneously. There was a prevalence for episodes of cholestasis in wintertime. The postprandial rise in serum sulfated glycolithocholic acid was increased in the patients, and the bile acid pool was enriched with secondary bile acids. In periods prior to cholestasis, the urinary 3αOH-bile acid concentration was often elevated (&gt;50 μmoles per liter) without a clear correlation with the clinical prodromata. However, it could not be used as a predictor of cholestasis. In contrast, the postprandial rise in serum 3αOH-bile acids was always grossly elevated in periods just before cholestasis. An increase both in fecal bile acid excretion as well as secondary bile acids in the bile acid pool indicated an increased spillover of bile acids into the large bowel. Cholestyramine administered directly after the first signs of cholestasis appeared to shorten an episode of cholestasis. On the other hand, withdrawal of cholestyramine in a cholestasis-free period may have resulted in an episode of cholestasis. Neither taurine supplementation for 3 and 7 weeks nor calcium phosphate, which binds sulfated bile acids in vitro , for 3 weeks could prevent an episode of cholestasis, although the latter normalized the bile acid pool composition. There is a rationale for a fat-restricted diet and cholestyramine therapy only as maintenance treatment. However, unpredictable patient compliance in permanent cholestyramine therapy entails an increased risk for cholestasis due to reduced bile acid pool.
A school perspective on injury prevention in children
Authors: K Klein Wolt, E Verhagen, L Adriaensens
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background In the Netherlands annually 39 000 children aged 8–12 years have to be treated medically due to a fall incident. The number of wrist fractures in this age group has increased with 32% over the period 2004–2008. Objective Primary objective is to describe the effectiveness of a school-based programme aimed at the prevention of physical activity (PA) related fall injuries in Dutch primary school children. Design In a prospective randomised control trial 35 primary schools were assigned to the intervention group (n=19) and control group (n=16). Randomisation took place at school level. Setting Physical education classes in school. Participants Children attending PA classes in grades 4, 5 and 6 participated in the study: 1539 in the intervention group and 1920 children in the control group. Intervention A teaching package with exercises. It includes a teacher's manual, teaching aids, a DVD with exercises, an exercise ball and a book on fall techniques. During 8 weeks, children learn exercises from different levels of difficulty. The first four lessons form the base of the program, with one lesson to be taught each week. The second part consists of follow-up lessons, in which the core is extended in difficulty. Main outcome measurements The number of injuries due to fall accidents, knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy in relation to falling and fall techniques. Results The results will be available in October 2010. First indications show children in the intervention group have less accidents and better knowledge of how to fall safely than children in the control group. There seem to be no differences in risk perception or self-efficacy. Conclusions Although the overall results are not yet available, first indications suggest that the teaching package is effective: the incidence of injuries due to falls is lower in the intervention group than in the control group.
Dietary and environmental determinants of blood and bone lead levels in lactating postpartum women living in Mexico City.
Authors: M Hernandez-Avila, T Gonzalez-Cossio, E Palazuelos, I Romieu, A Aro, E Fishbein, K E Peterson, H Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Despite the recent declines in environmental lead exposure in the United States and Mexico, the potential for delayed toxicity from bone lead stores remains a significant public health concern. Some evidence indicates that mobilization of lead from bone may be markedly enhanced during the increased bone turnover of pregnancy and lactation, resulting in lead exposure to the fetus and the breast-fed infant. We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of the interrelationships between environmental, dietary, and lifestyle histories, blood lead levels, and bone lead levels among 98 recently postpartum women living in Mexico City. Lead levels in the patella (representing trabecular bone) and tibia (representing cortical bone) were measured by K X-ray fluorescence (KXRF). Multivariate linear regression models showed that significant predictors of higher blood lead included a history of preparing or storing food in lead-glazed ceramic ware, lower milk consumption, and higher levels of lead in patella bone. A 34 micrograms/g increase in patella lead (from the medians of the lowest to the highest quartiles) was associated with an increase in blood lead of 2.4 micrograms/dl. Given the measurement error associated with KXRF and the extrapolation of lead burden from a single bone site, this contribution probably represents an underestimate of the influence of trabecular bone on blood lead. Significant predictors of bone lead in multivariate models included years living in Mexico City, lower consumption of high calcium content foods, and nonuse of calcium supplements for the patella and years living in Mexico City, older age, and lower calcium intake for tibia bone. Low consumption of milk and cheese, as compared to the highest consumption category (every day), was associated with an increase in tibia bone lead of 9.7 micrograms Pb/g bone mineral. The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that patella bone is a significant contributor to blood lead during lactation and that consumption of high calcium content foods may protect against the accumulation of lead in bone.
Computer-Based and Computer-Planned Continuing Medical Education for the Future
Authors: James G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In view of the vast amount of information presently flowing from medical centers and laboratories around the world today, we face an almost insurmountable task in even defining the dimensions of the problem of providing continuing firm communications to professionals in the health disciplines. The new information-processing technologies offer promise of helping to solve the problem. It is my intention here to outline some new approaches to lifetime education in the health sciences, with use of these technologies which deserve serious consideration. When Ward Darley, MD, was executive director of the Association of American Medical Colleges, he saw clearly that recent developments in computers, television, networks, and other new information-processing media might enable continuing education.in the health fields to progress more rapidly and effectively. This interest, developed when few other medical educators had a vision of this potential, led him to bring together a small group of medical educators, particularly