tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Surgical Therapy of Extracardiac Anomalous Pulmonary Drainage
Authors: ROY R. VETTO, DAVID H. DILLARD, THOMAS W. JONES, LOREN C. WINTERSCHEID, K. ALVIN MERENDINO
Journal: Circulation (1961)

The English surgical literature was reviewed for a 10-year period between 1950 and 1960. A total of 166 patients with anomalous pulmonary venous drainage treated surgically was found. Of this number, 65 patients had total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (40 per cent). Ninety-five patients (57 per cent) had anomalous venous drainage via extracardiac channels. The over-all survival rate for 166 patients was 74 per cent. The single lesion with the lowest survival rate (35 per cent) was total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage via a persistent left anterior cardinal vein. Of the 34 patients in this category, only three (9 per cent) had a complete repair of the anomalous drainage with survival. A series of 10 patients with anomalous venous drainage via extracardiac channels operated on with the aid of extracorporeal circulation is reported. There were three deaths. Drainage occurred via the superior vena cava (six patients), the coronary sinus (two patients), and a persistent left anterior cardinal vein (two patients). Included in the series is a fourth instance of successful complete repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage via a persistent left anterior cardinal vein. The clinical features, methods of repair, and perfusion data are reviewed. An important aspect of treatment for total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is the realization that impedance of pulmonary venous outflow is extremely hazardous. It is suggested that pulmonary venous pressure be monitored when complete repair is contemplated. If complete occlusion of decompressive channels causes a significant increase in the pulmonary venous pressure, some avenue of decompression should be left; otherwise, venous infarction of the lungs with probable fatality will result.
The Physician's Role in Helping Smoke-Sensitive Patients to Use the Americans With Disabilities Act to Secure Smoke-Free Workplaces and Public Spaces
Authors: Wendy E. Parmet
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Many persons suffer from a variety of conditions that render them particularly vulnerable to injuries caused by environmental tobacco smoke. Fortunately, the Americans With Disabilities Act may provide such patients with a legal right to a smoke-free environment. We examine herein how the act can be used by these patients, how the act works, and how physicians, who often advise such patients to seek smoke-free environments, can help their patients obtain the clean air to which they are entitled under law.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN NZB/BL MICE
Authors: Noel L. Warner, Richard Wistar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Determination of serum immunoglobulin levels in NZB and normal mice has indicated that an elevation of the gammaM-globulin level occurs in NZB mice. This can be demonstrated in young NZB mice well before other autoimmune manifestations are observed. A slight elevation of gammaM-globulin was also observed in NZB hybrid mice. Erythrocyte autoantibodies were analyzed by the direct Coombs' test with specific antiimmunoglobulin reagents. Autoantibodies in NZB mice can be of all immunoglobulin classes, although predominantly of gammaG(1)-class. In (NZB x NZC)F(1) hybrid mice, although Coombs' positivity develops around the same age as in NZB mice, there is a greater restriction of the autoantibodies into gammaM- and gammaG(1)-classes. Preliminary attempts to quantitate immunoglobulins coating NZB red cells have shown that there are approximately 400 molecules of gammaM and 5000 molecules of gammaG-globulin per NZB mouse red cell.
Linking a computer with a microscopeQuestionAnswer <i>Q&amp;A</i> : Answer
Authors: Katpadi Varadarajan Arulalan, C S B R Prasad, Jonathan R Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2004)

# Question {#article-title-2}

Can a microscope be linked to a personal computer? The advantages would be larger images (improving the detection of malaria, for example) and the ability to print out images and email them for second opinions.

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/qa-display/short/bmj_el;56587

This exchange was posted on the Q&A section of bmj.com. If you want to respond to the question, or ask …
Fludarabine, cytarabine, and attenuated‐dose idarubicin (m‐FLAI) combination therapy for elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Inho Kim, Youngil Koh, Sung‐Soo Yoon, Seonyang Park, Byoung Kook Kim, Dae‐Young Kim, Jung‐Hee Lee, Kyoo‐Hyung Lee, June‐Won Cheong, Hong‐Kee Lee, Sung‐Hyun Kim, Hyuk Kim, Young Don Joo, Sang‐Min Lee, Jong‐Ho Won, Sung‐Kyu Park, Dae‐Sik Hong, Se‐Hyung Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn, Chul‐Soo Kim, Eunkyung Park, Min Kyoung Kim, Moo Rim Park, Je‐Hwan Lee, Yoo Hong Min
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

We performed a phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the modified fludarabine, cytarabine, and attenuated-dose idarubicin (m-FLAI) regimen in elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Elderly (≥60 years) AML patients who had not previously received chemotherapy were enrolled in the study. Patients received two consecutive cycles of m-FLAI chemotherapy as an induction. The m-FLAI regimen comprised fludarabine (25 mg/m(2) , days 1-4), cytarabine (1,000 mg/m(2) , days 1-4), and attenuated-dose idarubicin (5 mg/m(2) , days 1-3). The primary end point was complete remission (CR) rate. Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and treatment-related mortality (TRM). There were 108 patients (median age 68.4 years, M:F = 64:44) enrolled in the study. CR was achieved in 56.5% of patients, and the TRM rate was 21.3%. Median OS and median EFS were 10.2 and 6.6 months, respectively. The mortality at 30 and 60 days was 15 and 21%, respectively. Performance status and comorbidity did not have prognostic value in this patient cohort. Bone marrow expression of CD117 was associated with increased EFS and OS. m-FLAI is an effective induction regimen for previously untreated AML in elderly patients. In addition, bone-marrow CD117 expression is an independent favorable prognostic factor in elderly AML patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01247493).
Two Novel Determinants of Etoposide Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Malcolm H. Lawson, Natalie M. Cummings, Doris M. Rassl, Roslin Russell, James D. Brenton, Robert C. Rintoul, Gillian Murphy
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Patient survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is limited by acquired chemoresistance. Here we report the use of a biologically relevant model to identify novel candidate genes mediating in vivo acquired resistance to etoposide. Candidate genes derived from a cDNA microarray analysis were cloned and transiently overexpressed to evaluate their potential functional roles. We identified two promising genes in the DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase β and in the neuroendocrine transcription factor NKX2.2. Specific inhibition of DNA polymerase β reduced the numbers of cells surviving treatment with etoposide and increased the amount of DNA damage in cells. Conversely, stable overexpression of NKX2.2 increased cell survival in response to etoposide in SCLC cell lines. Consistent with these findings, we found that an absence of nuclear staining for NKX2.2 in SCLC primary tumors was an independent predictor of improved outcomes in chemotherapy-treated patients. Taken together, our findings justify future prospective studies to confirm the roles of these molecules in mediating chemotherapy resistance in SCLC.
IS OVERWEIGHT A RISK FACTOR FOR SPORTS INJURIES IN SPORTS PARTICIPANTS AGED 4–24 YEARS?
Authors: E Kemler
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Physical activity and sports participation are promoted to counteract the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and young adults. Both high BMI and physical activity level have been associated with an increased risk of sports injuries. Objective To determine the relationship between sports injuries and overweight in sports participants (4–24 years), taking physical activity into account. Design Data were obtained from the 2006–11 ‘Injuries and Physical Activity in the Netherlands’ (OBiN) retrospective survey. Setting OBiN is a continuously executed national survey among Dutch households on accidents, sports injuries and physical activity. Participants Analyses were based on a representative sample of 3 846 sports participants. Risk factor assessment A sports activity is a physical activity that, according to the respondent, is associated with the term ‘sports’. Respondents who confirmed that they had participated in any kind of sports activity at least once in the previous 12 months were regarded as sports participants. BMI (weight status) was based on self-reported individual weight and height and was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m) 2 . Main outcome measurements Sports injuries, the main outcome measurement, were included if they were in accordance with the following definition: 'Physical damage of a musculoskeletal nature, sustained in the recall period as a result of a sudden event during sports activities or as a result of a gradual process related to sports activities.'. Results Of all sports participants, 14.7% were overweight. Compared to normal-weight sports participants, the odds of sustaining a sports injury was 0.73 (CI:0.53–1.00, P=.050) for overweight sports participants; the odds for underweight sports participants was 0.80 (CI:0.56–1.15, P=.226). Conclusions There is some evidence that overweight sports participants (4–24 years) do not have an increased injury risk compared to normal-weight sports participants, even when the level of physical activity is accounted for.
Soap tackles stigma of schizophrenia
Authors: A. Reveley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Dr Adrianne Reveley has been a professional adviser to the National Schizophrenia Fellowship for many years. When the BBC soap opera Eastenders decided that a character would have schizophrenia, the charity asked Dr Reveley to help

Advising Eastenders on their schizophrenia story should be highlighted in red ink on my curriculum vitae. Everyone has been impressed. Our cleaner, Evelyn, long since promoted from cleaning my office to cleaning the neurosurgical unit, stopped me to ask if it were true. How did she know? The porters now greet me with a respect previously offered only to the chief executive. My teenage son, Tom, was disbelieving; I must really know my stuff if Eastenders used me as a source.

Of course, the downside is that every jarring nuance of the story and every inaccuracy is laid at my door, and there …
Abatement of cockroach allergens (Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) in low-income, urban housing☆Month 12 continuation results
Authors: Samuel J Arbes, Michelle Sever, Jigna Mehta, J.Chad Gore, Coby Schal, Ben Vaughn, Herman Mitchell, Darryl C Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Inhaled indomethacin prevents bronchoconstrictive response to distilled water but not to histamine in children with asthma.
Authors: T Shimizu, H Mochizuki, S Maeda, M Shigeta, A Morikawa, T Kuroume
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We evaluated the effect of inhaled indomethacin, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), against bronchoconstriction induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) in children with asthma. Ten children with asthma (eight males and two females, with a mean +/- SEM age of 10.7 +/- 0.7 yr), who had a decrease in FEV1 of at least 20% after UNDW inhalation, were enrolled in this study. These subjects were pretreated with inhaled indomethacin (3 mg/m2 body-surface area) or placebo (0.9% saline) according to a single-blind, randomized, crossover design, and underwent a UNDW challenge test 15 min after the pretreatment. Furthermore, to study the possibility that indomethacin has a direct effect on airway smooth muscle, bronchial provocation with histamine was performed in seven subjects on two further days after pretreatment with indomethacin or placebo. Inhaled indomethacin had no effect on baseline pulmonary function, but did prevent the UNDW-induced decline in FEV1 (p < 0.01). Inhaled indomethacin did not modify the bronchoconstrictor response to histamine, indicating that a direct effect of this agent on airway smooth muscle is unlikely. The inhibition of local prostaglandin synthesis in the airways may be involved in the effect of indomethacin.
H1N1: now entering the recrimination phase
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

If influenza was a rock band how would it rate its latest release, H1N1? Not too well, I suspect, despite the greatest prepublicity since—well, its previous release. And it all started so promisingly, in Mexico, whose population had been decimated by the very first outbreak of Spanish flu (and smallpox and measles), courtesy of Cortes and his conquistadores. 

The new lineup—two parts pig, one part human, and one part bird (The Chimerical Brothers?)—looked brilliant on paper. Once the international tour began, all eyes were on the southern hemisphere for pointers as to how things might play out in the northern hemisphere winter. So what happened …
Geriatric assessment predicts survival and toxicities in elderly myeloma patients: an International Myeloma Working Group report
Authors: Antonio Palumbo, Sara Bringhen, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Alessandra Larocca, Thierry Facon, Shaji K. Kumar, Massimo Offidani, Philip McCarthy, Andrea Evangelista, Sagar Lonial, Sonja Zweegman, Pellegrino Musto, Evangelos Terpos, Andrew Belch, Roman Hajek, Heinz Ludwig, A. Keith Stewart, Philippe Moreau, Kenneth Anderson, Hermann Einsele, Brian G. M. Durie, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Ola Landgren, Jesus F. San Miguel, Paul Richardson, Pieter Sonneveld, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2015)
Review Body's Report: Registrars' Pay
Authors: M. Knowles
Journal: BMJ (1966)

OURNALadded to his pay packet.It has been said that one of the sorrows of our time is the shortness of living memory.Do not let it be forgotten, therefore, that behind whatever award general practitioners are about to win lie 17 years of struggle and strife.The vaunted £1,000 wage increase may yet turn out to be another myth married to a breach of promise.And then there is the vexed question of the unpaid services of the general practitioner's wife-but that is another sad story.And finally, do not run away with the old idea that becoming a general practitioner is just a matter of putting up a plate.It takes a decade at least before you are a good 'un! -I am, etc., Cradley, Worcs.
Grammar School: Teat Found for Motherless Clause?-Reply
Authors: David Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I have a friend whose father, an English teacher, once stopped his motorcycle in the middle of the Mojave Desert, unhitched the sidecar, and drove off, stranding a fellow teacher with whom he was arguing (heatedly, no doubt) a point of grammar. Dr Gitlitz, who admits "lack of reverence for [his] elders" and accuses me of "leading innocents astray," generates so much heat (and so little light) in his letter that I'm half afraid to try to set him straight. Take these two sentences: (1) Dr Gitlitz is not the only one who makes that mistake. (2) Dr Gitlitz is one of many who make that mistake. In each sentence, there is a main (independent or principal) clause and a subordinate (dependent, modifying, or qualifying) clause. In both sentences, the subject of the main clause is Dr Gitlitz and the subject of the subordinate clause is who. In
PTH-070 Nurse Led One Stop Upper Gi Clinics Are Safe And Allow Rapid Assessment Of Patients With Suspected Gastro-oesophageal Malignancy
Authors: S Williams, B Ashall, G Cave, A Bassi, PK Flanagan
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Meeting 2 week referral targets presents a challenge to many hospitals. Commonly patients are seen in clinic prior to investigation with resultant additional delays in time to investigation. Nurse led one stop clinics where patients undergo clinical assessment and endoscopic and/or radiological assessment on the same day have the potential to shorten time to investigation, allow rapid complete clinical assessment and meet the demand for 2 week wait (2WW) referrals. <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Aims</h3> To assess the efficacy and safety of a nurse led one stop suspected upper GI cancer clinic in meeting 2 week targets. To determine outcomes for patients referred on a 2WW pathway. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred to Whiston Hospital on a two week upper GI pathway within the 6 month period from November 2012 to April 2013 were assessed. Additionally all upper GI cancers diagnosed in the same period were separately analysed. Patients were identified using hospital IT systems and data collated on demographics, referring symptoms, investigations and patient outcomes. Analysis was performed using StatsDirect v2.6.8. <h3>Results</h3> Complete data was available for 202 patients (61%). 40% of patients did not meet criteria for 2 week referral. One stop clinics enabled complete assessment and investigation of patients within 2 weeks (mean 11.6 ± 0.63 days). Time to first investigation was significantly quicker than patients seen in clinic (11.6 vs 18 days, p &lt; 0.005, ANOVA) and was no different than open access endoscopy (11 days, p = 0.96). Cancers were identified in 15 (7.4%), of which only 8 (57%) were upper GI. No significant differences in patient outcome (time to investigation/pathology identified) were seen between nurse led and physician led clinics. In the same time period 53 upper GI cancers were diagnosed meaning only 15% were referred on a two week pathway. The presence of dysphagia was the commonest presenting symptom in upper GI malignancy (87%) but had a poor positive predictive value (15%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nurse led one stop upper GI cancer clinics are safe, allow complete assessment and investigation of patients within 2 week wait (2WW) targets and improve time to test compared to standard clinics. Appropriateness of 2WW referrals remains low and many cancers are diagnosed outside this pathway. Further use of dedicated nurse led clinics may improve the ability for hospitals to meet service demands. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S. Williams: None Declared, B. Ashall: None Declared, G. Cave: None Declared, A. Bassi: None Declared, P. Flanagan Grant/research support from: Awarded a Shire innovation fund for SpRs.
Insulin Wastage in Ambulant Practice
Authors: Chiristian Berne, Ingegerd Agenäs, Gunnar Eriksson, Lars Wibell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The total insulin consumption in 162 insulin-requiring diabetic patients was calculated from the prescriptions of purchased insulin for 1979-80. The mean daily consumption was 58.6 U, whereas the actual dose injected was 41.7 U. A mean of 1.9 doses was injected daily, which yields a loss per dose of 8.9 U (SD +/- 7.9). The dose loss was independent of age and sex and only marginally dependent on insulin dose. Visual impairment increased the loss. From a direct study of 101 patients while drawing their usual morning dose of insulin into the syringe, the following major factors underlying insulin wastage emerged: (1) expulsion of surplus insulin into the air instead of into the vial, when adjustment of the insulin dose is made; (2) use of syringes with a separate needle instead of new low-dead-space syringes; and (3) unnecessary use of 2-ml syringes for doses of insulin less than or equal to 40 U (less than or equal to 1 ml).
Exposure Assessment in the National Children’s Study: Introduction
Authors: Larry L. Needham, Halûk Özkaynak, Robin M. Whyatt, Dana B. Barr, Richard Y. Wang, Luke Naeher, Gerry Akland, Tina Bahadori, Asa Bradman, Roy Fortmann, L-J. Sally Liu, Maria Morandi, Mary Kay O’Rourke, Kent Thomas, James Quackenboss, P. Barry Ryan, Valerie Zartarian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The science of exposure assessment is relatively new and evolving rapidly with the advancement of sophisticated methods for specific measurements at the picogram per gram level or lower in a variety of environmental and biologic matrices. Without this measurement capability, environmental health studies rely on questionnaires or other indirect means as the primary method to assess individual exposures. Although we use indirect methods, they are seldom used as stand-alone tools. Analyses of environmental and biologic samples have allowed us to get more precise data on exposure pathways, from sources to concentrations, to routes, to exposure, to doses. They also often allow a better estimation of the absorbed dose and its relation to potential adverse health outcomes in individuals and in populations. Here, we make note of various environmental agents and how best to assess exposure to them in the National Children's Study—a longitudinal epidemiologic study of children's health. Criteria for the analytical method of choice are discussed with particular emphasis on the need for long-term quality control and quality assurance measures.
Protective Regulatory T Cell Generation in Autoimmune Diabetes by DNA Covaccination with Islet Antigens and a Selective CTLA-4 Ligand
Authors: Yelena Glinka, Yigang Chang, Gérald J. Prud'homme
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

DNA vaccination of autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD mice with unmodified target islet antigens, i.e., preproinsulin (PPIns) or glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), is poorly protective. However, in this study, we demonstrate protection against disease by covaccination with a mutant B7-1 molecule (B7-1wa) that binds the negative T cell regulator CTLA-4 (CD152), but not CD28. Codelivery of plasmids encoding a PPIns-GAD65 fusion construct and B7-1wa protected against both insulitis and diabetes. In vitro, the T cells of covaccinated mice had negative responses to both insulin and GAD65, and this was restored by adding blocking antibodies to transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), suggesting a role for this cytokine. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that DNA vaccination generated protective CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tr) of either CD25(+) or CD25(-) phenotype. Furthermore, vaccinated mice had increased numbers of T cells with Tr-associated markers, such as CTLA-4, Foxp3, and membrane-bound TGF-beta1. Tr cells inhibited the responses of diabetogenic T cells to islet antigens, and depletion of T cells expressing membrane-bound TGF-beta1 abolished the suppressive effect. Thus, selective engagement of CTLA-4 during islet-antigen DNA vaccination induces Tr cells that protect against this autoimmune disease.
Prevalence of IgA2 Deposits in IgA Nephropathies
Authors: Claude André, François Claude Berthoux, Françoise André, John Gillon, Christian Genin, Jean-Charles Sabatier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

GLOMERULAR deposits of IgA are common and are thought to play an important part in the pathogenesis of several different diseases. Primary IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) is a common type of glomerulonephritis that occurs chiefly in early adult life; the patient presents with a history of recurrent episodes of macroscopic or microscopic hematuria. The onset of symptoms has been reported to coincide with or follow soon after an upper-respiratory-tract infection or gastroenteritis. Renal impairment is usually mild, but some patients progress to end-stage renal failure, and the disease tends to recur in grafted kidneys after transplantation.1 Glomerular lesions characterized by . . .
Calcification of Carotid Arteries
Authors: B. Albert Ring
Journal: JAMA (1963)

With proper technique, the standard 6-ft. posterior-anterior radiograph of the chest usually provides a satisfactory soft-tissue study of the cervical portion of the carotid arteries. In a random study of 1,000 chest radiographs of persons more than 40 years of age, 216 individuals demonstrated carotid calcification. There is a rising frequency with aging. For corresponding age groups, carotid calcification is somewhat more frequent in males than in females. In individuals more than 80 years of age, aortic arch calcification is practically universal, and carotid calcification is visible in 70% or more of both sexes.