tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular autonomic function is associated with (micro-)albuminuria in elderly Caucasian sujects with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study.
Authors: Y M Smulders, A Jager, J Gerritsen, J M Dekker, G Nijpels, R J Heine, L M Bouter, C D Stehouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether impaired cardiovascular autonomic function correlates with albuminuria in an age-, sex-, and glucose tolerance-stratified sample of an elderly (50-75 years of age) Caucasian population and to determine whether this association is independent of other determinants of albuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 536 subjects, 256 with normal glucose tolerance, 143 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 137 with type 2 diabetes. Microalbuminuria was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of &amp;gt; or =3.0 and &amp;lt; or =30 mg/mmol in an early morning urine sample. We used the deep-breathing test and the lying-to-standing test to obtain 4 measurements of cardiovascular autonomic function: 1) the heart rate (HR) variability during deep breathing, 2) the maximum HR within 15 s after standing up minus the mean HR before standing, 3) the maximum R-R interval between 15 and 30 s after standing up divided by the minimum R-R interval within 15 s after standing up, and 4) the systolic blood pressure in response to standing up. These 4 measurements were summarized in a single cardiovascular autonomic function score (CAFS). RESULTS: A total of 38 subjects with microalbuminuria and 3 subjects with macroalbuminuria (&amp;gt;30 mg/mmol) were grouped as having albuminuria. In bivariate analyses, albuminuria was associated with age, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, calculated glomerular filtration rate, and glucose tolerance status. The mean CAFS was higher in subjects with versus without albuminuria (7.5 vs. 5.9, P&amp;lt;0.001). Multiple logistical regression analyses revealed that the CAFS was independently associated with albuminuria in subjects with IGT or type 2 diabetes with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.19 (1.02-1.39) per point increase in the CAFS. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired cardiovascular autonomic function is independently associated with (and thus a possible contributor to) the presence of albuminuria in subjects with IGT or type 2 diabetes.
Autumn Books: Thoughts, theories, and facts
Authors: C. Booth
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Philosophy is almost as old as civilisation itself.Thales of Miletus, generally considered to be the first of the pre-Socratic philosophers, attempted a purely natural explanation of the origins of the world as early as the first half of the sixth century BC.Philosophy has come through the ages to reflect on virtually all of human experience, and it was out of philosophy that the methods of modern science were conceived.Men have turned to philosophy from as wide an area of different concerns and disciplines as the manifold experiences of man have encouraged.Some, like Plato, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, were inspired by the political problems of society, and others-for example, Pythagoras or, in our own era, Bertrand Russell-by mathematics.In the post-Christian period there were philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas and Bishop Berkeley who saw their duty to be the assertion of the truths of religion.Ethics, morality, logic, and linguistics have all been the concern of philosophers.An interest in the physical composition of the natural world, a feature of Thales philosophy, formed an important part of the philosophy of Aristotle and was later to be the main interest of the work of Sir Francis Bacon, the most outstanding of the proponents of Renaissance empiricism.For Bacon, knowledge concerned history, which depended on memory; poetry, which relied on the imagination; and philosophy, which called into play man's reason.
STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-ANTITOXIN IN PSOEIATIC ARTHROPATHY.
Authors: K. K. MUSTAKALLIO, A. LASSUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA‐ANTITOXIN IN PSOEIATIC ARTHROPATHY. Get access K. K. MUSTAKALLIO, K. K. MUSTAKALLIO Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Snellmanink 14, Helsink, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. LASSUS A. LASSUS Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Snellmanink 14, Helsink, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 12, 1 December 1964, Pages 544–548, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb15504.x Published: 01 December 1964
CALCULUS IN MAXILLARY SINUS
Authors: R. B. Sweet
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Mrs. S., aged 40, who complained of pain in the right eye, had had a nasal discharge for ten years. She had had all the upper right teeth extracted ten years before I saw her. I found maxillary sinusitis on the right side. A roentgenogram revealed the right maxillary sinus to be dark. I opened the sinus by way of the nose. It was filled with foul-smelling pus. I gave treatments by way of the nostril for six weeks, at the end of which time pus was still present. Another roentgenogram, reproduced herewith, disclosed a foreign body in the maxillary sinus which, on being removed by the Caldwell operation, proved to be a cuboid calculus, the size of a small die. The patient made a rapid recovery.
Pain in Xiphisternal Joint
Authors: George W. Fyler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the letter on Tietze's syndrome by Carl Jelenko III, MD (242:2556, 1979), he claims he described the "first reported cases of Tietze's syndrome affecting the xiphisternal joint" in 1974.<i>Current Therapy</i>, 1967 (Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co), page 108 has an article, "Rib Syndrome," by M. S. Rawlings, MD, which seems to describe the same syndrome, with appropriate therapy. Curiously, neither Jelenko's letter nor the article by Epstein et al (241:2793, 1979) cite<i>Current Therapy</i>as a reference.
Diagnostic dilatation and curettage: is it used appropriately?
Authors: A Coulter, A Klassen, I Z MacKenzie, K McPherson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine patterns of use of dilatation and curettage in Britain as compared with those in the United States; to examine variations in utilisation rates within one regional health authority. DESIGN--Analysis of routinely collected hospital inpatient statistics. SETTING--Statistics for England, Scotland, and the United States; local statistics for Oxford region. SUBJECTS--All inpatient episodes in which dilatation and curettage was performed but excluding those related to pregnancy. RESULTS--Dilatation and curettage rates remained stable in Britain between 1977 and 1990, whereas in the United States they declined dramatically. In 1989-90 the rate was 71.1 per 10,000 women in England as compared with only 10.8 per 10,000 in America. In 1989, 6936 women underwent diagnostic dilatation and curettage in the Oxford region, making it the most common elective operation. A total of 2726 (39%) of these women were under 40. There was a more than twofold variation in usage of the procedure among district health authorities within the region and even greater variation in rates in women under 40. The proportion of patients treated as day cases in the district general hospitals ranged from 22% to 82%. CONCLUSIONS--Dilatation and curettage may frequently be used inappropriately. The considerable variations in usage of dilatation and curettage internationally and nationally indicate differences in clinical perception of its appropriateness. This makes it suitable for audit. In developing guidelines it will be important to agree on the most appropriate patients and the relative merits of alternative methods of endometrial sampling. Probably this could result in considerable cost savings at no risk and possibly some benefit to patients.
REPORT OF THREE CASES OF POLYMYOSITIS ACUTA; WITH REPORT OF POST-MORTEM ON ONE CASE.
Authors: J. BAILLIE KELL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The report of a case of polymyositis acuta, by Dr. J. B. Herrick, in the<i>American Journal of the Medical Sciences</i>for April 1896, and his reference therein to the literature of the subject especially as to its bearings upon its etiology and the evident interest taken by the profession, relative to this feature of these cases, leads me to make the following brief report, which I take in the form of an abstract from my individual case report book, of the history of three cases, occurring simultaneously in the same locality, of what I at the time considered typical cases of polymyositis acuta. Subsequent study and observation of this class of cases have only tended to confirm the diagnosis made at the time. One of these cases terminated fatally within seven days after my attention was first drawn to the patient's condition; the remaining two terminated in a rapid
Diagnosis of recurrent rectal cancer deep into the vaginal wall by transvaginal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
Authors: P. Kongkam, J. LeBlanc
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Local recurrent rectal cancer may present with extraluminal lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is good for diagnosis of such an extraluminal lesion. A 51-year-old Asian female was diagnosed with uT3N0M0 rectal adenocarcinoma 31 months ago. She had undergone chemotherapy, radiotherapy and abdominoperineal resection (APR). Eight months ago, colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) were unremarkable. Carcinoembryonic antigen was 1.1 ng/ml. Pelvic examination revealed a 3 × 2 cm firm soft-tissue mass palpable through the left vaginal wall. EUS revealed a mass in the left lateral vaginal wall measuring up to 21 × 27 mm in cross section without invasion of adjacent pelvic structures. Transvaginal EUS-FNA was performed with a 22-gauge needle. Final cytology confirmed recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma. Subsequent surgery also confirmed a 2.3 cm grade II adenocarcinoma. The tumor focally extended to the inked margin. The uterus and ovary specimen were negative for disease. We herein report a successful role of transvaginal EUS-FNA for early detection of recurrent rectal cancer at the vaginal wall after abdominoperineal resection (APR).
Eeny, meeny, miny, mo..
Authors: C Edgell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The little advertisement in the BMJ was for two posts as senior house officer (junior) in obstetrics and gynaecology. After talking to someone who had worked on the unit, I decided to put in an application. Having sent off my curriculum vitae and covering letter, I was impressed to receive a postcard of acknowledgment within a week. This was followed several days later by an invitation to attend for interview. On the appointed date I arrived 10 minutes early. There were five other candidates in the waiting area, an alcove off a busy corridor. To begin with we sat in silence. Everyone was neatly turned out. The main distinguishing feature was the means used to carry the certificate of medical registration, which we had all been instructed to bring. One hopeful candidate had it protruding prominently from his breast pocket as if to signal his suitability. Another had a smart leather document holder, which looked so new that it must have been purchased for the occasion. After a few minutes somebody broke the silence and …
Heparin inhibits the induction of three matrix metalloproteinases (stromelysin, 92-kD gelatinase, and collagenase) in primate arterial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: R D Kenagy, S T Nikkari, H G Welgus, A W Clowes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Heparin inhibits the migration and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells and modifies the extracellular matrix. These effects may be the result of heparin's effects on proteinases that degrade the matrix. We have previously reported that heparin inhibits the induction of tissue-type plasminogen activator and interstitial collagenase mRNA. We have investigated the possibility that heparin affects other members of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Phorbol ester increased the levels of mRNA of collagenase, 92-kD gelatinase and stromelysin as well as the synthesis of these proteins. These effects were inhibited by heparin, but not by other glycosaminoglycans, in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of these matrix metalloproteinases was also inhibited by staurosporine and pretreatment with phorbol ester indicating the involvement of the protein kinase C pathway. In contrast, the 72-kD gelatinase was expressed constitutively and was not affected by phorbol ester or heparin. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was expressed constitutively and was slightly increased by phorbol ester. It was not affected by heparin. Thus, heparin inhibits the production of four proteinases (tissue plasminogen activator, collagenase, stromelysin and 92-kD gelatinase) that form an interdependent system capable of degrading all the major components of the extracellular matrix.
The Legal Status of Consent to Withhold Treatment
Authors: Fenella Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest Judith Areen's<sup>1</sup>excellent article concerning the rights of family members to make decisions to forgo treatment on behalf of incompetent adult patients. Recent important developments in courts and legislatures deserve to be brought to your readers' attention. Just prior to publication of Ms Areen's article, on June 24, 1987, the New Jersey Supreme Court—the first to rule on a right-to-die case (<i>Quinlan</i>1976<sup>2</sup>)— expanded on the family's authority to make treatment-termination decisions without going to court.<sup>3</sup>In<i>In re Jobes</i>, the court held that decisions about a patient's life-sustaining medical treatment are usually best made (when the patient cannot and has not made them) by family members or close friends designated by the patient. "Almost invariably," the court wrote, "the patient's family has an intimate understanding of the patient's medical attitudes and general world view and therefore is in
Western blot analysis of the antigen in pemphigoid gestationis
Authors: SUSAN E. KELLY, B.S. BHOGAL, FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA, P. WHITEHEAD, IRENE M. LEIGH, M.M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Using an immunoblotting technique, sera from 25 patients with pemphigoid gestationis were examined and tested against epidermal and dermal extracts of normal skin. The major antigen recognized by seven patients'sera was a molecule of 180 kDa, pemphigoid gestationis antigen, extractable only from the epidermis. Sera from 18 patients with bullous pemphigoid were studied as positive controls and the major antigen recognized was a larger molecule of 220 kDa. There was some degree of shared recognition of antigens with three patients with pemphigoid gestationis recognizing the 220 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen. In addition one bullous pemphigoid serum recognized the 180 kDa pemphigoid gestationis antigen. The dominant pemphigoid gestationis antigen, however, differs from bullous pemphigoid antigen.
Corrigendum to “Non-invasive Imaging in Gene Therapy”
Authors: Jani Kristian Räty, Timo Liimatainen, Minna Unelma Kaikkonen, Olli Gröhn, Kari Juhani Airenne, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy (2007) 15, 1579–1586. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300233 Following the publication of this article, the authors noted that Dr. Airenne's middle name was incorrect. The complete and correct author names are above.
The GILHT-E Syndrome?
Authors: Gerald B. Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The announcement of the new section in Diabetes Care (Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Resistance Syndrome/Pre-Diabetes) by Davidson (1) and the response by Vinicor and Bowman (2) point out that there is no consensus on the name, components, or treatment of the constellation of risk factors that is associated with cardiovascular disease. I would like to suggest that the constellation may be important primarily as an etiological concept—that the constellation implies the existence of a common underlying factor linking its components. Further, the presence of a common underlying factor, which could lead directly to myocardial infarction (MI), increases the possibility that any one or more of the components of the constellation could be incidental to the development of MI (3). An underlying factor, if identified, could define the components of the constellation and provide a focus for …
Hepatitis C virus among childbearing women in Scotland: prevalence, deprivation, and diagnosis
Authors: S J Hutchinson
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> (A) To examine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among childbearing women in Scotland; and (B) to determine the extent of maternal HCV infection diagnosed prior to birth. <b>Methods:</b> (A) Residual dried blood spot samples from routine neonatal screening, collected throughout Scotland during March-October 2000, were unlinked from identifiers and tested anonymously for HCV antibodies; and (B) electronic record linkage of Scotland's databases of births and diagnosed HCV infections was performed. <b>Results:</b> (A) Of 30 259 samples, 121 were enzyme linked immunosorbent assay repeat reactive and 88 of these were confirmed as anti-HCV positive in the recombinant immunoblot assay, representing a seroprevalence of 0.29–0.40%. HCV seroprevalence was high among 25–29 year olds (0.4–0.57%), in high deprivation areas (0.92–1.07%), and in Greater Glasgow (0.83–0.96%) and Grampian (0.38–0.62%). Adjusted relative risk for HCV infection was highest among residents in high deprivation areas of Glasgow (7.2 (95% confidence interval 2.0–25.5)). (B) Of 121 HCV infections found among women at delivery, 24% and 46% were estimated to have been diagnosed prior to pregnancy and birth, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> HCV prevalence among Scottish childbearing women is consistent with that expected from injecting drug use. Based on reported rates of mother to child transmission, 8–11 paediatric infections are expected per annum. Diagnosis in only 24% of infected women prior to pregnancy indicates the extent to which HCV goes unrecognised in the injecting community. The current HCV screening approach—to test only those with a history of injecting drug use (or other risk factors for infection)—identifies approximately a quarter of previously undetected infections among pregnant women.
Glucose metabolism and cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: S. C. Kolwicz, R. Tian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

The most notable change in the metabolic profile of hypertrophied hearts is an increased reliance on glucose with an overall reduced oxidative metabolism, i.e. a reappearance of the foetal metabolic pattern. In animal models, this change is attributed to the down-regulation of the transcriptional cascades promoting gene expression for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in adult hearts. Impaired myocardial energetics in cardiac hypertrophy also triggers AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to increased glucose uptake and glycolysis. Aside from increased reliance on glucose as an energy source, changes in other glucose metabolism pathways, e.g. the pentose phosphate pathway, the glucosamine biosynthesis pathway, and anaplerosis, are also noted in the hypertrophied hearts. Studies using transgenic mouse models and pharmacological compounds to mimic or counter the switch of substrate preference in cardiac hypertrophy have demonstrated that increased glucose metabolism in adult heart is not harmful and can be beneficial when it provides sufficient fuel for oxidative metabolism. However, improvement in the oxidative capacity and efficiency rather than the selection of the substrate is likely the ultimate goal for metabolic therapies.
Social Class Gradient of Serum Uric Acid Levels in Males
Authors: James P. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of serum uric acid levels in normal males and to present evidence for a social class gradient as reflected by occupation and education. Executives had a mean serum uric acid level of 5.73 mg% compared with 4.77 mg% for craftsmen. Forty-three per cent of executives had a serum urate value greater than 6.0 mg%. Factors of individual variability, age, disease, and drug ingestion were not responsible for this difference. An association of obesity with elevation of serum urate level was found in both groups. Additional studies on scientists, medical school students, and high school students showed some degree of association of serum urate with intelligence and excellence of all-round performance, but not with social class of family of origin. The factor of achieved social class warrants further investigation.
Improvements needed in cervical screening in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The National Audit Office says that although improvements have been made in the cervical screening programme in England, considerable scope remains for improving the service that women receive.

Their report points in particular to serious failings in the quality of the interpretation and reporting of smears at a small number of laboratories. The most serious case was at the Kent and Canterbury Hospitals NHS Trust, where problems in the trust's former smear …
"ARE MITOCHONDRIA IDENTICAL WITH BACTERIA?"
Authors: Ivan E. Wallin
Journal: JAMA (1922)

of its claims.After a lapse of more than six months, the company offered a new report.This report presented no specific evidence on the questioned points ; the letters sent from physicians were irrelevant or at best failed to indicate that any "rigidly controlled experiments" such as the Council had said were necessary had been performed.A few revi¬ sions, such as abandoning the penetration claim, were made, but on the whole they were not comprehensive enough, since the fundamental contentions in the Council's report were left untouched.The Council declared Collene not acceptable for New and Nonofficial Remedies (1) because its composition is not correctly declared and (2) because of the extravagant and misleading tenor of the advertising.
Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany
Authors: M. Forssbohm, M. Zwahlen, R. Loddenkemper, H. L. Rieder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to determine the demographics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany. Data on 26,302 tuberculosis cases from a national survey carried out during the period 1996-2000 were analysed. The crude proportion of tuberculosis patients with extrapulmonary manifestations was 21.6%. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was most likely among females, children aged <15 yrs and persons originating from Africa and Asia. Females tended to be more likely to have any form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis than males, except pleural tuberculosis. The strength of this association was strongest in the age range 25-64 yrs and less pronounced amongst the oldest patients. Children were particularly prone to the development of lymphatic and meningeal tuberculosis, whereas the likelihood of genitourinary tuberculosis increased with increasing age. Asian and African patients were generally more likely than persons from other areas to have lymphatic, osteoarticular, meningeal and miliary tuberculosis. The analysis shows important differences, by age, sex and origin, in the likelihood of a tuberculosis patient presenting with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Since the relative contribution of the foreign-born to tuberculosis in low-prevalence countries is rising, extrapulmonary tuberculosis must be taken into account more often in the differential diagnostic work-up of these patients, particularly among those originating from Asia and Africa.