tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5407: The novel roles of BRCA1/ATM-associated BRAT1 in glucose/mitochondrial metabolism and tumor cell growth.
Authors: Eui Young So, Toru Ouchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BRAT1 (BRCA1-associated ATM activator) was identified as a novel DNA-damage response protein. It physically interacts with both BRCA1 and ATM, and is required for ATM-activation under conditions of cell stress. We have recently discovered that it also binds to DNA-PKs, implicating the broad role of BRAT1 in DNA repair as well as in DNA damage response. By taking advantage of BRAT1 knockdown HeLa and U2OS cells, we found that loss of BRAT1 expression significantly decreased cell proliferation and tumorigenecity both in vitro and in vivo. Cell motility is remarkably lowered when BRAT1 is depleted. These results demonstrate novel function of BRAT1 in cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis of cancer cells. Interestingly, glucose uptake and production of mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species) are highly increased in BRAT1 knockdown. These findings suggest novel functions of BRAT1 in regulating glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. Functional interaction of BRCA1/ATM pathway and glucose/mitochondria metabolism are discussed. Citation Format: Eui Young So, Toru Ouchi. The novel roles of BRCA1/ATM-associated BRAT1 in glucose/mitochondrial metabolism and tumor cell growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5407. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5407
A randomized comparison of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2 in AML induction: results from the UK NCRI AML17 trial in 1206 patients
Authors: Alan K. Burnett, Nigel H. Russell, Robert K. Hills, Jonathan Kell, Jamie Cavenagh, Lars Kjeldsen, Mary-Frances McMullin, Paul Cahalin, Mike Dennis, Lone Friis, Ian F. Thomas, Don Milligan, Richard E. Clark
Journal: Blood (2015)
WHO pledges to tackle failings over handling of Ebola
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The World Health Organization has issued a strongly worded criticism of itself over its handling of the outbreak of Ebola virus disease, pledging to take steps to ensure that such a failure did not happen again.

In its statement, issued in response to criticisms voiced at its executive board meeting in January,1 WHO said that it would increase the number of staff working on disease outbreaks, enabling it to respond rapidly and effectively to humanitarian emergencies. It promised to increase the number of staff working on diseases “with outbreak potential and health emergencies, so we will have skilled staff always available.” Reserve teams will also be created so that extra staff can …
RATIONAL TREATMENT OF BURNS
Authors: H. L. FANCHER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A burn is an injury to or destruction of tissue by heat, the rational treatment of which is based on certain definite principles which are too often partially or wholly ignored. If the tissue is only injured or without positive cell destruction, such injured tissue must be protected from foreign or external matter until Nature can repair the injury. If there is positive cell destruction the tissue dies; this dead tissue must be thrown off, and the underlying delicate structure must be protected until new tissue can be supplied by natural processes or by transplantation of tissue by the surgeon. When an area of the surface of the body is burned there is either a partial or a complete paralysis of the vasoconstrictor nerves, or a direct stimulation to the vasodilator nerves, either of which will produce a dilatation of the immediate blood-vessels, and a consequent congestion or hyperemia is produced.
Angiotensin II upregulates LDL receptor-related protein (LRP1) expression in the vascular wall: a new pro-atherogenic mechanism of hypertension
Authors: J. Sendra, V. Llorente-Cortes, P. Costales, C. Huesca-Gomez, L. Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Hypertension is a risk factor for atherothrombotic vascular events. Angiotensin II (Ang II), one of the main vasoactive hormones of the renin–angiotensin system, has been associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, it is not fully known how Ang II contributes to lipid-enriched atherosclerotic lesion formation. In human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP1) internalizes cholesteryl esters (CE) from extracellular matrix-bound aggregated LDL (agLDL). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ang II on LRP1 expression and function in VSMC. Here, we report for the first time that Ang II induces the upregulation of LRP1 expression in VSMC. Ang II (1 μM) induced maximal LRP1 mRNA expression at 12 h and maximal protein overexpression (by 4.10-fold) at 24 h in cultured human VSMC. Ang II effects were functionally translated into an increased CE accumulation from agLDL uptake (by two-fold at 50 μg/mL) that was prevented by the LRP1 ligand lactoferrin and by siRNA-LRP1 treatment. Ang II-LRP1 upregulation and excess CE accumulation from agLDL were prevented by losartan (an AT1 blocker) but not by PD123319 (a specific AT2 blocker). Additionally, in a normolipidaemic rat model, Ang II infusion produced a significant increase in aortic LRP1 expression and lipid infiltration in the arterial intima. The in vitro and in vivo data reported here indicate that Ang II upregulates LRP1 receptor expression and LRP1-mediated aggregated LDL uptake in vascular cells.
Analysis of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Responses in Treated Hemophiliacs
Authors: Sarah H. Cheeseman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

One hundred hemophiliacs were studied for serological evidence of infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B virus. Ninety-eight percent had markers of hepatitis B infection, while 69% had antibody to EBV and only 42% had antibody to CMV, suggesting that factor VIII preparations do not transmit EBV and CMV efficiently. Seventy-one percent of those seropositive to EBV had an antibody pattern suggestive of active infection, as compared with 23% of healthy young adult blood donors. These findings make the patients with hemophilia an unusually favorable population for the study of the role of persistent viral infection in the immunodeficiency now found to be widespread in groups at high risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and for the contribution of CMV and EBV to AIDS itself.
The Detail Man and the Thoughtless Physician.
Authors: J. L. Tracy
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Toledo, Ohio, Dec. 28, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Recently the representative of a wholesale drug house was in my office. The man is, I think, a truthful man. Two years ago he had with him a powder, which he said had been tested by competent physicians and had proved itself an almost unfailing cure for cancer. About a year later he had with him some tablets which he said were a compound, of which the original powder was the base, and that extensive and scientific tests had proved the tablets to be a sure cure for tuberculosis. He showed a formula with each of these articles, but what they were made of, of course, does not matter. The matter for wonder is that a man with such a layout could make a living soliciting among physicians. Knowing the man and believing him to be honest, I believe him when he
No evidence that FLT3 status should be considered as an indicator for transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): an analysis of 1135 patients, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia, from the UK MRC AML10 and 12 trials
Authors: Rosemary E. Gale, Robert Hills, Panagiotis D. Kottaridis, Sivatharsini Srirangan, Keith Wheatley, Alan K. Burnett, David C. Linch
Journal: Blood (2005)
Phosphorus Poisoning in Children
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Popularly known is the fact that children are likely to ingest almost anything that comes readily to hand. Unfortunately, some of the available materials are potentially poisonous and run the gamut from bottles of medications to rat poison. Of the latter, in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1343), Simon and Pickering tell the story of the noxious effects of acute yellow phosphorus or the smoking stool syndrome.  Elemental phosphorus occurs in two forms, red and yellow (white). The former is nontoxic, while the latter is a deadly poison. In earlier times, yellow phosphorus was readily available in match tips, fireworks, and quack remedies; now the substance has been eliminated from these sources by legislation and international trade agreements. However, due to the increasing resistance of rodents to warfarin-containing substances, yellow phosphorus has come back on the market as a rodenticide paste recommended for use by spreading on crackers or
Abstract 1259: c-Myc influences mitochondrial structure and function by regulating fusion and fission
Authors: J. Anthony Graves, Kristi D. Rothermund, Yudong Wang, Jennifer Elster, Jerry Vockley, Bennett Van Houten, Edward V. Prochownik
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: c-Myc (Myc) is a global transcription factor that controls the expression of a large part of the human genome. The numerous Myc target genes function in a variety of normal cellular processes whose collective expression of these processes is referred to as the “Myc phenotype”. One such cellular process is the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Objectives: To understand the specific influence that Myc has on mitochondrial structure and function. We hypothesize that Myc is involved in the regulation of both the production and destruction of mitochondria, and that the ability of Myc to maintain this balance has an impact on cellular transformation. Design/Method: Various cell lines that allow for the manipulation of Myc levels have been used. These include cells that have been engineered to have inducible Myc over-expression as well as inducible expression of Myc shRNA. These strains were used in a series of assays that measured different aspects of the Myc effect on mitochondrial structure and function. Most notably, metabolic pathways were measured by an extracellular flux analyzer and electron and confocal microscopy was performed to examine the structure of the mitochondria in detail. Results: The induction of Myc results in dramatic increases in overall mitochondrial mass, as well as increasing individual mitochondrial size and cristae density. This increase in recognizable mitochondria correlates to increases in oxidative phosphorylation and decreased mitochondrial loss through mitophagy. Finally, Myc levels correlate to increased mitochondrial inter-connectivity. This appears to be related to the ability of Myc to influence the expression of the mitochondrial fusion protein, Opa1 and the fission protein, DLP1. Conclusions Reached: The changes in mitochondrial structure and function are directly influenced by the expression of Myc. There appear to be multiple pathways involved in maintaining a specific mitochondrial mass, which emphasizes the importance of this organelle in cellular homeostasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1259. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1259
On Ingestion of Razor Blades
Authors: Herman Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The razor blade case that I reported of a prisoner at the New Jersey State Prison is well documented. This prisoner swallowed two double-edge razor blades broken into 15 fragments. The progress of the forward motion was observed by repeated x-ray films. I did not intend to imply that the ingesting of sharp or pointed objects is a relatively innocuous pastime. These individuals must be hospitalized and kept under constant observation. Dr. Weisenberger suggested that there should be contraction of the smooth muscle with trauma to the mucous membrane and underlying structures. I did not state that there was trauma. I mentioned that there was a protective reflex relaxation of the smooth muscle on contact of a sharp object with the mucosa. If there was contraction rather than relaxation, I would have had many more than 12% perforations in my series. Relaxation impedes peristalsis and also centers
The development of new functional features by instruction: The case of medical education
Authors: Lee R. Brooks
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Medical education provides many examples of the development of functional features, but as a response to deliberate instruction. These features require so much specificity and context sensitivity that they seem likely to require the development of new categories of appearances rather than just reweighting old features. A suggested implication is that feature development may help to explain the problematic noticing of features in diagnosis.
Enhanced ex vivo expansion of adult mesenchymal stem cells by fetal mesenchymal stem cell ECM
Authors: Chee Ping Ng, Abdul Rahim Mohamed Sharif, Daniel E. Heath, John W. Chow, Claire BY. Zhang, Mary B. Chan-Park, Paula T. Hammond, Jerry KY. Chan, Linda G. Griffith
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Large-scale expansion of highly functional adult human mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) remains technologically challenging as aMSCs lose self renewal capacity and multipotency during traditional long-term culture and their quality/quantity declines with donor age and disease. Identification of culture conditions enabling prolonged expansion and rejuvenation would have dramatic impact in regenerative medicine. aMSC-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to provide such microenvironment which promotes MSC self renewal and "stemness". Since previous studies have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic potential of human fetal MSCs (fMSCs), we hypothesize that their ECM may promote expansion of clinically relevant aMSCs. We demonstrated that aMSCs were more proliferative (∼ 1.6 ×) on fMSC-derived ECM than aMSC-derived ECMs and traditional tissue culture wares (TCPS). These aMSCs were smaller and more uniform in size (median ± interquartile range: 15.5 ± 4.1 μm versus 17.2 ± 5.0 μm and 15.5 ± 4.1 μm for aMSC ECM and TCPS respectively), exhibited the necessary biomarker signatures, and stained positive for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic expressions; indications that they maintained multipotency during culture. Furthermore, fMSC ECM improved the proliferation (∼ 2.2 ×), size (19.6 ± 11.9 μm vs 30.2 ± 14.5 μm) and differentiation potential in late-passaged aMSCs compared to TCPS. In conclusion, we have established fMSC ECM as a promising cell culture platform for ex vivo expansion of aMSCs.
449 TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A THERAPEUTIC VACCINE TO TREAT CHRONIC HBV INFECTION: AD5-BASED VACCINES ENCODING MULTIPLE HBV ANTIGENS INDUCE STRONG T-CELL RESPONSES IN PRE-CLINICAL MODELS
Authors: P. Martin, A. Evlachev, D. Olivier, C. Beny, C. Dubois, A. Findeli, Y. Schlesinger, C. Ledoux, R. Brandely, T. Menguy, N. Silvestre, A. Fournillier, J.-Y. Bonnefoy, G. Inchauspé
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Physical Activity, Dyspnea, and Chest Pain Before ana After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Relation to a History of Diabetes
Authors: Johan Herlitz, Maria Haglid, Marianne Hartford, Björn W Karlson, Thomas Karlsson, Björn Lindelöw, Kenneth Caidahl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To describe the limitation of physical activity and symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in relation to a history of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All patients in western Sweden in whom CABG was performed between 1988 and 1991 were asked to complete a questionnaire before 3 months and 2 years after the operation. The questionnaire evaluated limitation of physical activity and symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea. RESULTS In all, 2,121 patients participated in the evaluation, of whom 13% had a history of diabetes. The overall 2-year mortality was 14% among patients with a history of diabetes and 6% among patients without such a history (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The proportion of patients with a limitation of physical activity caused by chest pain decreased from 76% before CABG to 19% 2 years after in diabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and from 79 to 17% in nondiabetic patients (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The proportion of diabetic patients without dyspnea increased from 13% before to 31% 2 years after CABG (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The corresponding figures for nondiabetic patients were 12 and 43% (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Symptoms of angina pectoris were reported in 94% of diabetic patients before CABG versus 35% after 2 years (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Corresponding figures for nondiabetic patients were 93 and 29% (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Aggregate data confirmed differences between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, with more symptoms in the diabetic patients, particularly with regard to dyspnea. CONCLUSIONS Mortality during 2 years of follow up was more than twice as high in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients. Limitation of physical activity, dyspnea, and angina pectoris improved markedly and similarly in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after CABG. Whereas limitation of physical activity and dyspnea was more frequent in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients, the occurrence of angina pectoris was more similar in the two groups.
Doctors mistrust systems for reporting medical mistakes
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

UK doctors do not trust NHS monitoring systems designed to report medical mistakes, a representative survey of 2500 doctors has found.

The survey, carried out by the doctors' online network, Doctors.net.uk, indicates that although eight out of 10 respondents had witnessed a colleague making a mistake, few were apparently willing to use the available systems to report it.

One in 10 of the 100 000 strong membership of Doctors.net.uk were surveyed in June to gauge their views on reporting medical mistakes. The survey, which was designed …
Fitness and Health in Industry
Authors: Raja K. Khuri
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"Program benefits range from increased worker satisfaction through productivity gains, reduction of absenteeism and turnover to improvements of health, reduction of injuries, favorable changes of life-style and enhanced geriatric prospects." I have heard this conclusion in many a talk and read it in a variety of articles, but have never been so thoroughly convinced as when I read it at the end of Dr Shephard's book. This extensively referenced work (917 references, including 45 articles authored by Shephard) evaluates the theoretical and practical benefits of physical fitness and life-style change programs in industry. The book is divided into three sections. "Perspectives in Work, Health and Leisure" presents the history of industrial fitness and the attitudes of military authorities and governments toward physical fitness. Costs of disease and current morbidity and mortality are analyzed, along with the potential for reducing them through life-style changes. The concepts and causes of job stress,
Use of healthcare resources in the last six months of life
Authors: Robert I Rudolph
Journal: BMJ (2004)

National Programme for Information Technology (NPfIT), has highlighted the lack of clinicians' engagement with this £6bn project.The advisory board represents a much needed injection of resources to NHS information technology systems, which could bring many benefits to care for patients and clinicians' working practices.The Wanless reports have emphasised the importance of information technology in the future of healthcare in the United Kingdom. 1 A national programme could avoid the problems around interoperability associated with past failures in NHS information technology systems.However, the secrecy surrounding the procurement phase of the programme has led to an increasing feeling of unease among clinician end users.Anxieties prevail about changes in working practices, usability of systems, training needs, and the possibility that political expediency will overshadow clinical needs.Aidan Halligan, the deputy chief medical officer, has been charged with ensuring clinical engagement with the programme. 2 The good news for the Department of Health comes from its survey, carried out by Medix, which shows that many doctors are enthusiastic about the potential of the national programme, with three quarters of respondents endorsing it as an important NHS priority. 3 Only 4% of respondents thought, however, that they had been adequately consulted.The recently announced new Front Line Support Academy aims to correct omissions at the leadership level.
Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus
Authors: J.M Saavedra, N.A Bauman, J.A Perman, R.H Yolken, J.M Saavedra, N.A Bauman, I Oung
Journal: The Lancet (1994)

Acute diarrhoea is a serious cause of infant morbidity and mortality, and the development of preventive measures remains an important goal. Bifidobacteria (which constitute the predominant intestinal flora of breastfed infants), as well as other lactic-acid-producing organisms such as Streptococcus thermophilus, are thought to have a protective effect against acute diarrhoeal disease. However, their efficacy has not been assessed in controlled trials. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, infants aged 5-24 months who were admitted to a chronic medical care hospital were randomised to receive a standard infant formula or the same formula supplemented with Bifidobacterium bifidum and S thermophilus. Patients were evaluated daily for occurrence of diarrhoea, and faecal samples, obtained weekly, were analysed for rotavirus antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Faecal samples were also obtained during an episode of diarrhoea for virological and bacteriological analyses. 55 subjects were evaluated for a total of 4447 patient-days during 17 months. 8 (31%) of the 26 patients who received the control formula and 2 (7%) of 29 who received the supplemented formula developed diarrhoea during the course of the study (p = 0.035, Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). 10 (39%) of the subjects who received the control formula and 3 (10%) of those who received the supplemented formula shed rotavirus at some time during the study (p = 0.025). The supplementation of infant formula with B bifidum and S thermophilus can reduce the incidence of acute diarrhoea and rotavirus shedding in infants admitted to hospital.
Clinical Application of Electronic Data Processing Apparatus
Authors: Joseph E. Schenthal
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Digital computer techniques have been developed which appear to permit automation of the medical record. A system which employs magnetic tape information storage and a new type of self-encoding form was tested and found satisfactory on more than 2,000 current outpatient records in eight clinical specialties. The system accepts the English language, produces a clinically usable printed record on standard size paper, and provides direct computer access to the information for selection and scientific processing. Future applications of the system may permit regional medical record centers, electronic transmission of case histories for the treatment of patients who have moved or are traveling, and early detection of drug toxicities and the onsets of infectious disease epidemics.