tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Monoclonal Nature of Lymphocytes in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: NABIH I. ABDOU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Despite the increased amounts of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) in multiple myeloma, the percentage of bone marrow-dependent (B) cells carrying surface Ig in the peripheral blood compartment were decreased, when compared with that in control patients with polyclonal gammopathy or with that in normals (5 ±2% in patients with multiple myeloma and 19 ±5% or 22 ±7% in controls). Most circulating B cells in patients with multiple myeloma were shown to carry individually specific idiotypic Ig. The monoclonal idiotypic nature of the surface Ig was shown by using antiserums raised against the monoclonal Ig. The idiotypic antiserum was capable of actively binding to and stimulating the idiotypic lymphocytes to divide in vitro. Commercial anti-Ig antiserums raised against normal Ig did not bind to the myeloma lymphocytes. After chemotherapy, lymphocytes carrying the idiotypic Ig decreased in numbers, and this correlated with other variables of clinical improvement. Its role in the pathogenesis of myeloma and its importance for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with myeloma are discussed.
Acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who live in Britain.
Authors: M Brozovic, S C Davies, A I Brownell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

All acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who lived in the London borough of Brent and attended this hospital were analysed for a period of one year. Sixty three of the 211 patients who were followed up by the haematology department required 161 acute admissions during the year. Most admissions (126) were for the 42 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease; 147 (91%) were for vaso-occlusive episodes, 142 of which were for painful crises, three for cerebrovascular accidents, and two for renal papillary necrosis. Preschool children with sickle cell disease were admitted predominantly with limb pain, whereas in schoolchildren and adults the incidence of trunk pain was higher. Twenty four of the 93 episodes of trunk pain culminated in an episode of severe visceral sequestration usually affecting the lungs, the liver, or the mesenteric circulation. Two patients died: an 18 month old baby with an acute splenic sequestration crisis and a 19 year old man with a severe girdle syndrome (sickling in the mesenteric circulation, liver, and lungs). Infective episodes were rare (11 episodes) but severe: one haemophilus meningitis, two salmonella infections, and three aplastic crises due to parvovirus infections. The average duration of the hospital stay was 7.4 days per admission. It is concluded that because sickle cell disease causes appreciable morbidity in older children, adolescents, and adults a systematic approach to management is needed to deal with acute episodes such as sequestration syndromes.
Incidence of congenital rubella in Greece has decreased
Authors: G Giannakos
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Childhood obesity Breast feeding is importantEditor-Frühbeck does not consider the role of infant feeding in the aetiology of childhood overweight and obesity. 1 Dewey et al found that formula fed infants were heavier than those who received no milk other than breast milk in the first 12 months, although they were of similar length and head circumference. 2 The study also found that the energy intake of breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants, even after the introduction of solids, and suggested that relatively low energy intakes are a function of self regulation in breastfed infants.Von Kries et al found in children aged 5 and 6 years a substantial, dose dependent, protective effect of breast feeding on obesity and overweight: three to five months of exclusive breast feeding was associated with a 35% reduction in obesity at the age of 5 to 6 years.They discuss the evidence for a programming effect of breast feeding in preventing obesity and overweight in later life. 3 Breast feeding mothers lose weight after pregnancy more effectively than those who feed artificially, an advantage seen over at least the first 12 months of breast feeding. 4t seems that promoting and supporting breast feeding should be part of the initiative to tackle the "epidemic of obesity." 5
Fluorescence-guided laser-assisted balloon angioplasty in patients with femoropopliteal occlusions.
Authors: M B Leon, Y Almagor, A L Bartorelli, L G Prevosti, P S Teirstein, R Chang, D L Miller, P D Smith, R F Bonner
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In 12 patients (aged 64 +/- 10 years) with femoropopliteal occlusions (1-27 cm; average, 8.4 cm length) that could not be recanalized by standard guidewire-balloon angioplasty techniques, percutaneous laser-assisted balloon angioplasty was performed by use of a new fluorescence-guided dual-laser system. Plaque detection by 325-nm laser-excited fluorescence spectroscopy provided real-time feedback control to a 480-nm pulsed dye laser (2-microseconds pulses) for atheroma ablation. By means of a common 200-microns optical fiber, after diagnostic fluorescence sensing, computer algorithms directed a fire or no-fire signal (5 Hz) to the treatment laser for selective plaque removal. Laser recanalization (15-50 mJ/pulse) was successful in 10 of 12 patients; this procedure was followed by definitive balloon angioplasty in seven of 12 patients with increased ankle/arm indexes (from 0.60 +/- 0.12 at baseline to 0.84 +/- 0.11 after treatment, p = 0.0043). In laser and balloon angioplasty failures, all femoropopliteal occlusions were heavily calcified, and there were two mechanical guidewire perforations without clinical sequelae. Ablation of calcified lesions required higher pulse energies and greater total energy per centimeter of recanalized tissue (1,837 +/- 1,251 mJ/cm vs. 90 +/- 39 mJ/cm, p = 0.0036). Fluorescence spectroscopy (n = 219 sites) was helpful in flush occlusions and correctly identified plaque, underlying media, and thrombus by changes in fluorescence intensity, shape, and peak position. Thus, when fluorescence-guided laser angioplasty was used in a subgroup of patients refractory to standard angioplasty techniques, primary recanalization and subsequent balloon angioplasty of femoropopliteal occlusions was successful in 83% and 58% of the patients, respectively. Importantly, treatment of heavily calcified lesions accounted for all of the failures and will require modified delivery systems to create larger primary channels and to increase catheter-tip control, which should improve clinical results in the future.
Adherence of human basophils to cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Authors: B S Bochner, P T Peachell, K E Brown, R P Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The mechanism by which circulating human basophils adhere to vascular endothelium and migrate to sites of allergic reactions is unknown. Agents have been identified which stimulate the adherence of purified basophils to cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HuVEC). Treatment of HuVEC with interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), bacterial endotoxin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in time and dose-dependent increases of adhesiveness for basophils. Coincubation of basophils and HuVEC for 10 min with C5a, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, the calcium ionophore A23187, platelet-activating factor, TNF, and TPA also resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in basophil adherence; this effect resulted from activation of the basophil. Adherence of basophils to HuVEC was time and temperature dependent, required divalent cations, and was unaffected by glucocorticoids. Monoclonal antibody 60.3, directed against the beta-subunit of the leukocyte adherence complex CD18, inhibited the binding of basophils to HuVEC. Adherence of basophils to vascular endothelium may be important in initiating basophil infiltrates in vivo.
Hippocampus, space, and memory
Authors: David S. Olton, James T. Becker, Gail E. Handelmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1979)

Abstract We examine two different descriptions of the behavioral functions of the hippocampal system. One emphasizes spatially organized behaviors, especially those using cognitive maps. The other emphasizes memory, particularly working memory, a short-term memory that requires iexible stimulus-response associations and is highly susceptible to interference. The predictive value of the spatial and memory descriptions were evaluated by testing rats with damage to the hippocampal system in a series of experiments, independently manipulating the spatial and memory characteristics of a behavioral task. No dissociations were found when the spatial characteristics of the stimuli to be remembered were changed; lesions produced a similar deficit in both spatial and nonspatial test procedures, indicating that the hippocampus was similarly involved regardless of the spatial nature of the task. In contrast, a marked dissociation was found when the memory requirements were altered. Rats with lesions were able to perform accurately in tasks that could be solved exclusively on the basis of reference memory. They performed at chance levels and showed no signs of recovery even with extensive postoperative training in tasks that required working memory. In one experiment all the characteristics of the reference memory and working memory procedures were identical except the type of memory required. Consequently, the behavioral dissociation cannot be explained by differences in attention, motivation, response inhibition, or the type of stimuli to be remembered. As a result of these experiments we propose that the hippocampus is selectively involved in behaviors that require working memory, irrespective of the type of material (spatial or nonspatial) that is to be processed by that memory.
Expression of multiple β1 integrins on circulating monoclonal B cells in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Gitte S. Jensen, Andrew R. Belch, Michael J. Mant, Bernard A. Ruether, Bruce R. Yacyshyn, Linda M. Pilarski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We have previously reported the presence of monoclonal, tumor‐related B lineage cells in the blood of myeloma patients. The cells are continuously differentiating, and the majority are at a very late stage of B cell differentiation into plasma cells, consistent with the hypothesis that they comprise a precursor cell subset responsible for disseminating and possibly for relapse of the disease. The pattern of β1 integrin expression on monoclonal B lineage cells from blood and bone marrow of myeloma patients was evaluated using multiparameter flow cytometry in comparison to normal blood or tissue B cells and malignant B cells from B‐CLL, B lymphoma, or plasma cell leukemia. The α4 and β1 chains were found on the majority of normal B cells, usually with a higher expression of α4 compared to β1. α5 was detectable at low density on B cells from lymph node, bone marrow, and lamina propria. The α2 and α6 chains are absent on B cells localized in normal lymphoid tissues as well as on normal blood B cells and in vitro activated B cells. In myeloma, the blood B cells express α2, α5 and α6, suggesting important functional differences between these tumor‐related B cells and their normal counterparts. The plasma cells located in myeloma bone marrow express no α2, and almost no α6, although they have variable expression of α4, α5, and β1. Thus the end‐stage plasma cells appear to lack receptors that would support a propensity for invasion of basement membranes and exit to extravascular spaces. In contrast, the circulating plasmablasts in a patient with plasma cell leukemia make up a large subset of early plasma cells expressing all integrin receptors analyzed, including α2 and α6. Malignant cells from B‐CLL and B lymphoma express only the α4 and β integrins, and some B‐CLL have very low levels of α3, but no α2, α5, or α6, suggesting that they may be limited to the vascular spaces and do not extravasate, at least for the stages of disease analyzed here. Our results are therefore consistent with a working hypothesis that invasive capacity in myeloma is to be found within the abnormal monoclonal B cells in peripheral blood, which alone among B cells or plasma cells, and like plasma cell leukemia, express multiple β1 integrins, including the α2 and α6 integrin receptors, necessary for cellular translocation across the endothelial basement membranes and into extravascular spaces. This study raises the possibility that expression of, in particular, the α2 and α6 integrins may underlie the invasiveness of these diseases and offers a new perspective for future avenues of clinical intervention.
The Right Care
Authors: Stephen Jencks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The yawning chasm between what we know and what we do for patients is no longer news; indeed, the repeated evidence is somewhat numbing. We are far less sure what to do next.In this light, two articles in this issue of the Journal take on a special interest. In one, Petersen et al.1 examine the relation between the presence of angiography facilities in individual Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals and whether patients with class I indications for angiography undergo the procedure. In brief, they find that rates of appropriate care in VA hospitals with angiography facilities are similar . . .
Reasons and Remedies for Underinsurance for Child and Adolescent Vaccines
Authors: Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lymph node chemokines promote sustained T lymphocyte motility without triggering stable integrin adhesiveness in the absence of shear forces
Authors: Eilon Woolf, Irina Grigorova, Adi Sagiv, Valentin Grabovsky, Sara W Feigelson, Ziv Shulman, Tanja Hartmann, Michael Sixt, Jason G Cyster, Ronen Alon
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Identification of a new gene mutated in Fraser syndrome and mouse myelencephalic blebs
Authors: Shalini Jadeja, Ian Smyth, Jolanta E Pitera, Martin S Taylor, Mieke van Haelst, Elizabeth Bentley, Lesley McGregor, Jason Hopkins, Georges Chalepakis, Nicole Philip, Antonio Perez Aytes, Fiona M Watt, Susan M Darling, Ian Jackson, Adrian S Woolf, Peter J Scambler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
An Unusual Pathologic Fracture in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: JANE A. E. DUTTON, GARY J. R. COOK, SUSAN E. M. CLARKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A Tc-99m MDP bone scan and pelvic radiograph were performed in a 73-year-old man with prostate cancer. The bone scan showed widespread skeletal metastases and an unusual appearance in the left hemipelvis with apparent separation of the lateral ilium. The radiograph showed multiple sclerotic metastases and a vertical fracture through the left ilium that in the absence of severe trauma would be most unusual. The patient had no pain in his pelvis and walked without difficulty. He was taking opiates for back pain and gave a history of several minor falls at home, such as tripping over the family dog.
Nicotinic Acid Treatment of Hypercholesteremia
Authors: Norman A. Christensen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Three different  preparations of nicotinic acid have been compared with plain nicotinic acid in the treatment of 28 patients with hypercholesteremia. The hypocholesteremic effects were similar with the 4 preparations. The most significant difference was the greater frequency and severity of side effects during treatment with the 3 sustained-action preparations, and this precluded the majority of patients from completing a 3-month period of treatment. Gastrointestinal symptoms predominated and impairment of tests of liver function were more numerous in these 3 groups. Two patients developed jaundice while on treatment with one of the sustainedaction preparations. In most instances treatment with plain nicotinic acid has been resumed without difficulty.
Website of experiences with new name hopes to reach more patients
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The award winning website of patients’ experiences, DIPEx, has changed its name and added three more sets of patients’ stories to its database, one related to Parkinson’s disease and two to autism.

DIPEx, which stood for database of individual patient experiences, is replaced by the new name Healthtalkonline (www.healthtalkonline.org), which the organisers think states its purpose more clearly. The site covers almost 50 illnesses and general health topics, including cancer, heart disease, chronic pain, bereavement, diabetes, epilepsy, and women’s health. For each topic 30-50 people from different backgrounds and …
Comparison of ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance in infants and children.
Authors: E A Fisher, I W DuBrow, A R Hastreiter
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Ejection phase indices of left ventricular myocardial performance, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf), mean systolic ejection rate (mSER), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined in 248 pediatric patients, utilizing left ventricular projections of cineangiograms. Heart rate significantly affected mVcf and mSER values in the normal group (r=0.74, 0.79, respectively). A method for heart rate compensation was presented, utilizing a ratio of actual value to expected normal value (A/E) for that heart rate. All indices were significantly lower in the myocardial disease group (12 patients) than in the normal (NI) group (55 patients), but only mVcf (A/E) gave complete separation. There was complete or nearly complete overlap of right ventricular volume and pressure load and left ventricular (LV) pressure load groups (20, 38, and 28 patients each) with NI. For LV volume load (95 patients) mVcf, and mVcf (A/E) mean values were low (P less than 0.025, less than 0.001, resp.). Patients with patent ductus arteriosus had high mVcf and mSER values (P less than 0.05, less than 0.025). MVcf (A/E) was superior to the other indices in identifying patients with depressed myocardial performance.
Liver and Biliary Tract Surgery: Embryological Anatomy to 3D-Imaging and Transplant Innovations
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Man-made superantigens: Tumor-selective agents for T-cell-based therapy
Authors: Thomas N Brodin, Robert Persson, Morten Soegaard, Lennart Ohlsson, Roland d'Argy, Jesper Olsson, Anna Molander, Per Antonsson, Per-Olov Gunnarsson, Terje Kalland, Mikael Dohlsten
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1998)
Low doses of scopolamine increase cardiac vagal tone in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Authors: B Casadei, A Pipilis, F Sessa, J Conway, P Sleight
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Reduced cardiac vagal tone in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with a high risk of sudden death. Muscarinic blocking agents in small doses induce a paradoxical increase in cardiac vagal activity in normal subjects. We tested whether low doses of scopolamine delivered transdermally enhance tonic and reflex cardiac vagal activity in patients in the acute phase of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were randomized to a scopolamine (n = 17) or a placebo patch (n = 19) in a double-blind fashion 4.20 +/- 0.18 days after acute MI. Cardiac vagal activity was assessed by testing the arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) using the phenylephrine method and by power spectral analysis of the RR interval variability. Twenty-four hours after scopolamine, we found a significant increase in BRS (from 7.05 +/- 1.21 to 13.99 +/- 2.33 ms/mm Hg, P &lt; .05) and in RR variability, expressed as the mean standard deviation of 512 normal consecutive RR intervals (from 18.09 +/- 2.64 to 31.16 +/- 4.16 milliseconds, P &lt; .05). The amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, measured by the absolute power of the high-frequency spectral component, was also enhanced (from 62.55 +/- 21.49 to 305.33 +/- 95.68 milliseconds squared, P &lt; .05), whereas the power in the low-frequency spectral component of the RR variability, which results from the interaction between cardiac sympathetic and vagal activity, did not change significantly (from 73.12 +/- 24.44 to 126.46 +/- 44.29 milliseconds squared, P = .93). CONCLUSIONS In patients in the acute phase of MI, low doses of scopolamine cause a sustained increase in cardiac vagal tone and improve the autonomic indices associated with mortality.
Outcome of Pregnancy in Survivors of Wilms' Tumor
Authors: Frederick P. Li
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Outcome of pregnancy was reported by 99 patients who were cured of childhood Wilms' tumor at seven pediatric cancer centers during 1931 to 1979. These patients carried or sired 191 singleton pregnancies of at least 20 weeks in duration. Among the 114 pregnancies in women who had received abdominal radiotherapy for Wilms' tumor, an adverse outcome occurred in 34 (30%). There were 17 perinatal deaths (five in premature low-birth-weight infants) and 17 other low-birth-weight infants. Compared with white women in the United States, the irradiated women had an increased perinatal mortality rate (relative risk, 7.9) and an excess of low-birth-weight infants (relative risk, 4.0). In contrast, an adverse outcome was found in two (3%) of the 77 pregnancies in nonirradiated female patients with Wilms' tumor and wives of male patients. The high risk of adverse pregnancy outcome should be considered in the counseling and prenatal care of women who have received abdominal radiotherapy for Wilms' tumor. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:216-219)