tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma, Genes, and the Prevention of Cancer
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma, a tumor of the thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells) that secrete calcitonin, constitutes about 10 percent of all thyroid cancers, being considerably less common than papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma. It occurs as both a sporadic and a familial disease. Among families, it occurs alone or as a component of either multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN-2A), comprising medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism, or the rarer MEN-2B, comprising medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal neuromas. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was among the first cancers whose genetic features were exploited for prevention. This was achieved by recognizing that . . .
Purification and characterization of the major iron-regulated protein expressed by pathogenic Neisseriae.
Authors: T A Mietzner, G Bolan, G K Schoolnik, S A Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

This report describes a method to purify the major iron-regulated protein (MIRP) expressed by N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. This purification procedure involves maximal expression of the MIRP by growing the organisms on iron-limited media; cellular disruption by sonication followed by centrifugal fractionation; selective solubilization of the MIRP with the cationic detergent hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; cation-exchange chromatography in the presence of this detergent; and gel filtration chromatography. The MIRP purified by this technique migrates as a single band when analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The purified MIRP displayed an unusually basic isoelectric point, this value being greater than 9.35. Further biochemical analysis revealed the highly conserved nature of this protein isolated from the two pathogenic species of the genus Neisseria. For example, the amino acid composition of the meningococcal and gonococcal MIRPs were nearly identical and amino terminal sequence analysis showed that both shared the identical primary sequence through residue 48. Surprisingly, the first five NH2-terminal residues of the MIRPs exhibited homology with the first five residues of the gonococcal porin, protein I. Purified preparations of the MIRP exhibited a characteristic pink color reminiscent of the basic iron-binding protein lactoferrin. This observation coupled with the property of iron-regulation prompted us to analyze purified MIRP for iron-content. Approximately 0.5 mol iron per 1 mol of MIRP was detected. This study is the first to show that iron is associated with the MIRP, a property that may implicate this protein as playing a direct role in neisserial iron assimilation. While the precise function of the MIRP is not known, the availability of this protein in pure and biologically relevant quantities will allow further studies to elucidate its pathobiologic function.
Rates of Noncommunicable Diseases Increasing in Developing Countries
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Poisoning
Authors: Kennon J Heard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a toothache and is found to have been ingesting large quantities of acetaminophen. Although no acetaminophen is detectable in his blood, his serum alanine aminotransferase concentration is 750 IU per liter, and treatment with acetylcysteine is recommended. Acetylcysteine repletes glutathione stores in the liver. It helps to prevent hepatotoxicity in cases of acetaminophen overdose and also improves survival in patients with acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure.
Herd immunity from meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England: database analysis
Authors: M. E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (2003)

care were less likely to be vaccinated than those at home unless they were under 5 years of age in districts C, D, and E or aged 5-9 in district G (table).Retrieving data was difficult in all but one district, which had electronic records of looked after children.No district had a joint health and social services database.
A Laser Ophthalmoscope for Retinal Phototherapy
Authors: H. V. Ingram, N. Manson, D. Smart
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Vaccination Against Measles BmDInm 823The children given live vaccine alone, however, gave signifi- cantly higher antibody responses than when live vaccine was preceded by a single dose of inactivated vaccine.This preliminary trial has not given any information on protection against the disease; this is the aim of a second study now in progress.We are grateful to the following general practitioners for finding time in their busy practices to take part In the study:
Risk factors for death from asthma
Authors: S. F LANES
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Guite and colleagues1 recently attempted to identify risk factors for certain causes of death among patients admitted to hospital with asthma. The data were originally collected for a different purpose,2 however, and problems of data quality and completeness limit the conclusions that can be drawn from this analysis.

The current study is based on follow up of 2242 (68%) of the original cohort of 3292 patients. An expert panel identified 22 patients who died from asthma, 14 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases, and 14 from cardiovascular diseases.2 In the paper by Guite et al 1 the numbers of cases have changed significantly with 29 deaths from asthma, 21 from COPD, and 21 cardiovascular deaths. Because both papers relied on the same expert panel, these discrepancies raise fundamental questions about the interpretation of this paper.

The fact that drugs are prescribed to patients who differ according to baseline risk poses an extraordinary methodological challenge to any epidemiological study. Guite and colleagues1 concluded that “ipratropium bromide is associated with increased risk of death from asthma even after adjustment for a range of markers of COPD.” Even after including extra deaths not identified by the expert panel as asthma deaths and controlling for a marker of COPD co-morbidity but for no markers of asthma …
Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus with Synthetic Vasopressin
Authors: Anna R. Spiegelman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE CHRONIC NATURE of diabetes insipidus necessitates an indefinite course of treatment. Hormonal substitution is obviously the preferred form of therapy. Nevertheless some patients cannot tolerate the natural vasopressor substance or, for other reasons are unable to receive intramuscular injections of the hormone for months or years. The alternative nasal vasopressin frequently injures the nasal mucosa and may cause a distressing rhinorrhea. To overcome these difficulties other methods of treatment have been suggested. Aminopyrine and members of the chlorthiazide group have been found advantageous for short term therapy but their use is limited. A more suitable substance would be a vasopressin, relatively free of side effects, which could be administered by means other than injection. Such a preparation, 8-lysine vasopressin nasal spray, proved effective in a patient with diabetes insipidus who experienced generalized allergic reactions to the natural hormone. His favorable clinical response to the 8-lysine vasopressin nasal spray, a
Right atrial electrocardiography. A bedside method for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: L. S. Dreifus
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although a majority of disturbances of cardiac rhythm are easily identified by inspection, auscultation, or cholinergic stimulation, routine right atrial electrocardiography has raised serious doubts as to the precise interpretation of many simple and complex mechanisms. Early workers recognized the necessity to identify atrial and ventricular activity for the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias and in 1906 Cremer<sup>1</sup>first used semidirect esophageal leads to record atrial potentials. However, tracings taken by esophageal leads are often technically unsatisfactory and the method is often contraindicated in seriously ill patients. The use of a saline-filled catheter for the recording of intracavitary potentials was first introduced by Hellerstein et al<sup>2</sup>in 1949. Later, this method was modified by Dreifus et al<sup>3</sup>who used a polyethylene catheter filled with 5% saline which could be introduced percutaneously. The right atrial recordings are made by connecting the patient to an ordinary electrocardiograph. Ground wires are
937-6 Biphaslc Response to Dobutamlne Stimulation of Asynergic Myocardial Segments - An Uncommon Phenomenon
Authors: Ursula Klaar, Marianne Gwechenberger, Michael Wutte, Hans Domanovits, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Primate cultural worlds: Monkeys, apes, and humans
Authors: Frank E. Poirier, Lori J. Fitton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Monkeys and apes, inhabiting variable environments and subjected to K-selection, exhibit cultural behavior transmitted horizontally and vertically, like cetaceans. Behaviors enhancing better health and nutrition, predator avoidance, or mate selection, can affect differential reproduction.Furthermore, dominance hierarchies and social status not only affect the transmission and acceptance of new behaviors but they may also affect genetic inheritance.
Interaction between succinyl CoA synthetase and the heme-biosynthetic enzyme ALAS-E is disrupted in sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Kazumichi Furuyama, Shigeru Sassa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The first and the rate-limiting enzyme of heme biosynthesis is δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), which is localized in mitochondria. There are 2 tissue-specific isoforms of ALAS, erythroid-specific (ALAS-E) and nonspecific ALAS (ALAS-N). To identify possible mitochondrial factors that modulate ALAS-E function, we screened a human bone marrow cDNA library, using the mitochondrial form of human ALAS-E as a bait protein in the yeast 2-hybrid system. Our screening led to the isolation of the β subunit of human ATP-specific succinyl CoA synthetase (SCS-βA). Using transient expression and coimmunoprecipitation, we verified that mitochodrially expressed SCS-βA associates specifically with ALAS-E and not with ALAS-N. Furthermore, the ALAS-E mutants R411C and M426V associated with SCS-βA, but the D190V mutant did not. Because the D190V mutant was identified in a patient with pyridoxine-refractory X-linked sideroblastic anemia, our findings suggest that appropriate association of SCS-βA and ALAS-E promotes efficient use of succinyl CoA by ALAS-E or helps translocate ALAS-E into mitochondria.
Forced Expiratory Volume as a Test for Successful Treatment of Asthma
Authors: W. B. Thomson, P. Hugh-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1958)

This paper describes a method of interpreting measure- ments of "forced expiratory volume " so that they can be used not only as a quantitative measure of change in asthma but also to determine when maximum bene- fit from treatment is obtained and whether the patient is likely to have underlying emphysema. Forced Expiratory Volume Definidons and TerminologyIn asthma the maximum amount of air that a patient can breathe per minute (" maximum breathing capacity," or M.B.C.) is reduced.The severity of asthma is often assessed by measuring the vital capacity (V.C.), but this is unsatis-
Perinatal and neonatal mortality
Authors: P. E Polani
Journal: BMJ (1980)

criticism of what is being undertaken.At a recent meeting the regional advisers thought that the development was a useful one and Dr van't Hoff, regional adviser for the West Midlands, is helping the editor over this.It seems to me-writing as a general physician, and remembering well the amount of work involved-that audit on the lines described in this letter is much more likely to be acceptable to the people who actually do the work than is the bureaucratic approach.
HPV screening offers greater protection against invasive cervical cancer than cytology, finds analysis
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Screening for the human papillomavirus (HPV) is more effective at protecting against invasive cervical cancer than traditional cytology based screening, an analysis of four large trials has found.

Countries that currently screen for cervical cancer will probably incorporate HPV testing in their programmes in the future; and with a longer time between tests the cost of national programmes is likely to fall, commentators say.

In England women who have a borderline or abnormal result of a cytology (or smear) test are currently tested for HPV, but HPV screening is not used as the primary test in the screening programme.

Four large trials have compared the two methods of screening. These were conducted in England (the ARTISTIC trial), Sweden (Swedescreen), the Netherlands (POBASCAM), and Italy (NTCC), but all looked at precursors of cervical cancer. Because of small numbers of cases, none of the trials was sufficiently powered to detect whether screening for HPV was better than cytology at reducing the incidence of invasive cervical cancer.

To find out whether HPV testing offered any advantages over cytology in detecting invasive cancer, researchers combined the …
Perthes's disease.
Authors: A Catterall
Journal: BMJ (1977)

cedure is quite simple.I should mention here that general practice, in spite of there being a specialist training, is in a poor way.There is a great shortage of GPs, particularly in country areas and some suburbs, and the average age of existing GPs is high.Possibly a British doctor prepared to work hard in areas regarded as medically less attractive by his German colleagues would be given considerable encouragement and even financial support from the community to do so.In the interest of clarity I have omitted a great deal of detail.Someone who is seriously considering coming over should pay some attention to questions of health insurance, social security, superannuation, and medical defence insurance but what he should do about each of these depends on what he is planning to do.
Immunology and Protein Synthesis.
Authors: M. B. Hoagland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Immunology and Protein Synthesis.M. B. Hoagland, M.D.M. B. Hoagland, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-688_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNewer developments in understanding the mechanism of protein biosynthesis and its control have important implications for medicine. These findings are discussed with particular reference to the phenomenon of liver regeneration as an experimental system. Their potential significance for an understanding of the mechanism of antibody biosynthesis are discussed.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 688-688KeywordsBiosynthesisImmunologyLiverProtein synthesisProteinsRegenerative medicine Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
INTERAVASCULAR ULTARASOUND (IVUS) RADIO-FREQUENCY (RF) ANALYSIS OF IN-STENT NEOATEROSCLEROSIS FOLLOWING DRUG-ELUTING STENT (DES) IMPLANTATION
Authors: Yu Nomura, Kazuma Oyama, Koki Shishido, Yumiko Osaka, Kazuya Sugitatsu, Nobuhiro Okamura, Shingo Mizuno, Hidetaka Suenaga, Masato Murakami, Ken Arima, Yutaka Tanaka, Satoshi Takeshita, Shigeru Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Multivitamins, Folate, and Green Vegetables Protect against Gene Promoter Methylation in the Aerodigestive Tract of Smokers
Authors: Christine A. Stidley, Maria A. Picchi, Shuguang Leng, Randy Willink, Richard E. Crowell, Kristina G. Flores, Huining Kang, Tim Byers, Frank D. Gilliland, Steven A. Belinsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

One promising approach for early detection of lung cancer is by monitoring gene promoter hypermethylation events in sputum. Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary fruits and vegetables and the micronutrients they contain may reduce risk of lung cancer. In this study, we evaluated whether diet and multivitamin use influenced the prevalence of gene promoter methylation in cells exfoliated from the aerodigestive tract of current and former smokers. Members (N = 1,101) of the Lovelace Smokers Cohort completed the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire and provided a sputum sample that was assessed for promoter methylation of eight genes commonly silenced in lung cancer and associated with risk for this disease. Methylation status was categorized as low (fewer than two genes methylated) or high (two or more genes methylated). Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between methylation status and 21 dietary variables hypothesized to affect the acquisition of gene methylation. Significant protection against methylation was observed for leafy green vegetables [odds ratio (OR) = 0.83 per 12 monthly servings; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.74-0.93] and folate (OR, 0.84 per 750 microg/d; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99). Protection against gene methylation was also seen with current use of multivitamins (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.40-0.83). This is the first cohort-based study to identify dietary factors associated with reduced promoter methylation in cells exfoliated from the airway epithelium of smokers. Novel interventions to prevent lung cancer should be developed based on the ability of diet and dietary supplements to affect reprogramming of the epigenome.
How to investigate a patient with suspected interstitial lung disease
Authors: O. J. Dempsey, K. M. Kerr, H. Remmen, A. R. Denison
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Patients with interstitial lung disease often present with breathlessness, chronic cough, inspiratory crackles on auscultation, and abnormal spirometry.1 2 Over 200 different types of disease can cause thickening of the pulmonary interstitium, with the common final pathway for many of these being fibrosis (figs 1 and 2)⇓ ⇓.3 4 Some forms of interstitial lung disease can be life threatening, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, approximately 4000 new cases of which are diagnosed in England and Wales each year. Survival rates of 57% at three years and 43% at five years are worse outcomes than those for some cancers.5 About 3000 new cases of sarcoidosis are diagnosed each year in the UK.5 6

Early recognition and treatment of interstitial lung diseases may prevent progression to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. This review provides a guide to the initial investigation of patients with suspected interstitial lung disease and provides a summary of further investigations.



Fig 1 The pulmonary interstitium is the microscopic space between the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium and is crucial for gas exchange





Fig 2 Arrows indicate pulmonary interstitium in (left) healthy lung and (right) pulmonary fibrosis. The grossly thickened interstitium in pulmonary fibrosis impairs gas exchange.



We sought papers that were fully published between 1966 and April 2010 using appropriate index terms (interstitial lung disease, diffuse parenchymal lung disease) the National Library of Medicine’s computerised search service (providing access to Medline, PreMedline and other related databases). We also consulted Cochrane database systematic reviews and a personal archive of references.

Some forms of interstitial lung disease are idiopathic, whereas others are associated with connective tissue diseases, commonly prescribed drugs, smoking, and exposures to environmental factors such as dusts.7 The histopathological classification of interstitial lung diseases is complex, simplified in figure 3 …
US health spending reaches a sixth of gross domestic product
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Total spending on health care in the United States grew by 7.9% in 2004 and now accounts for 16% of the gross domestic product, says the National Health Statistics Group of the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Total health spending in the US in 2004 was $6280 (£3520; €5120) per person, or a total for the population of nearly 300 million of around $1.9 trillion, says the group's report ( Health Affairs 2006;25: 186-96).

The increase is largely due to new medical treatments, rising prices, and greater use of services, the report says. “Medical …
Hypercalcemic Response to Hydrochlorothiazide in Uremia: Evidence for an Extrarenal Effect on Calcium Metabolism.
Authors: M. H. Koppel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Hypercalcemic Response to Hydrochlorothiazide in Uremia: Evidence for an Extrarenal Effect on Calcium Metabolism.M. H. Koppel, (Associate), J. H. Shinaberger, M.D., S. G. Massry, M.D., M. Popovtzer, M.D., J. W. Coburn, M.D., F.A.C.P.M. H. Koppel, (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, J. H. Shinaberger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. G. Massry, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. Popovtzer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. W. Coburn, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-803_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThiazides may decrease urinary calcium, and in primary hyperparathyroidism such drugs may aggravate hypercalcemia, presumably because of reduced renal excretion of calcium. We have observed hypercalcemia during thiazide therapy in three uremic patients with clinically overt secondary hyperparathyroidism; serum calcium levels fell upon cessation of thiazide therapy. To further evaluate this phenomenon, studies were undertaken in 14 uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Hydrochlorothiazide, 200 mg/day, was given orally for 2 to 4 weeks; calcium was measured in predialysis and postdialysis blood samples, obtained twice weekly, before (control period), during, and after thiazide therapy. Serum calcium rose to levels above the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShort term effects and urinary excretion of the new diuretic, indapamide, in normal subjects 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 803-803KeywordsBloodCalciumDrugsExcretionHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidism Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...