tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination of clonidine and diuretic in cirrhotic ascites with activated sympathetic nervous system: Would it be a magical bullet?
Authors: Ramesh Roop Rai, Pankaj Jain
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We read with interest the article on the effects of clonidine on diuretic response in patients with ascites and cirrhosis and activation of sympathetic nervous system by Lenaerts et al. in a recent issue of HEPATOLOGY.1 We had certain queries while going through the article. (1) The exclusion criteria included a serum bilirubin concentration above 4.5 mg/dl, a prothrombin time below 40%, and a platelet count below 40 × 109/l. The basis for taking these parameters were not mentioned. (2) Ruiz-del-Arbol et al. showed that patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) developing renal failure showed significantly higher values of plasma renin activity and norepinephrine, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels.2 At what time the patients with SBP were enrolled in this study and whether antibiotics prophylaxis was given to them has not been mentioned. They may have had higher norepinephrine levels at the time of enrollment in the study due to increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6, because bacterial translocation occurs in patients with cirrhosis.3 So, determining TNF-α and IL-6 levels would have corrected for the cytokine-related increase in plasma renin activity and norepinephrine levels. (3) Because the half life of canrenone, the active product of spironolactone, is approximately 16.5 hours,4 we would like to know if the spironolactone dosage was given once daily or in a divided dosage. (4) Roulot et al. showed in their study that clonidine had no prolonged effect on systemic hemodynamics but it induced a significant decrease in the hepatic venous pressure gradient.5 In the present study, there was no significant difference in patients withregards to gastrointestinal hemorrhage on follow-up.This is in agreement with the previous study by Tincani et al.,6 who showed that clonidine had no effect on parameters of portal hemodynamics. So, it may not be helpful in preventing a first variceal bleed. On the basis of norepinephrine levels, it may be too early to recommend clonidine with diuretics as a primary mode of treatment. Further multicenter placebo-controlled trials that enroll patients in large numbers may be useful. Ramesh Rai*, Pankaj Jain*, * Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India.
Effects of Verapamil on Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Dogs
Authors: J. M. Bright, D. D. Buss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Effects of Verapamil on Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Dogs Get access Janice M. Bright, Janice M. Bright * Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL. *Correspondence to: Janice M. Bright, D.V.M., PO Box 1071, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37901-1071. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daryl D. Buss Daryl D. Buss Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 11, 6 June 1990, Pages 963–964, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.11.963 Published: 06 June 1990 Article history Received: 28 October 1989 Revision received: 19 December 1989 Accepted: 29 December 1989 Published: 06 June 1990
Bone Scan 14 Days After a Toxic Lignocaine Reaction
Authors: Greta Lange, Edna K. Venter, Bernard J. Meyer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Tc-99m methylenediphosphonate (MDP) is primarily used to assess patients for skeletal pathology. However, extraosseous accumulation of MDP can occur with many benign and malignant conditions. Such an incidental finding can be crucial to the diagnosis of conditions not apparent on clinical examination or on screening of other imaging studies. Indeed, information can be supplied, even about mechanisms underlying pathophysiological processes of soft tissues. This report is concerned with bone scan changes associated with a toxic lignocaine reaction.
Hypertension impairs doppler diastolic LV filling in the elderly: Results from a large community-dwelling cohort (The cardiovascular health study)
Authors: Dalane W. Kitzman, Alice Arnold, Vivienne E. Smith, Joao A.C. Lima, H.Sidney Klopfenstein, Diane E. Bild, Julius M. Gardin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
INTERMITTENT HIGH DOSE ORAL METHOTREXATE THERAPY IN PSORIASIS*
Authors: HARVEY BAKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— Eighteen patients with intractable or severe psoriasis have been treated for up to 28 months with intermittent large oral doses of methotrexate. The disease was completely controlled in 9 and partially controlled in 5 patients. Severe clinical side-effects were seen in 5 patients, in 4 of whom therapy had to he abandoned. These effects were severe abdominal pain and vomiting in 2; reactivation of colitis, serious ataxia, and epidermal necrolysis in 1 patient each. Concurrent administration of aspirin probably contributed to toxicity by potentiating the action of methotrexate in 2 of these cases. No serious haematological or biochemical abnormalities developed but mild transient leucopenia occurred in 2, thrombocytopenia in 1, and raised serum transaminases in 7.
Controlled enzyme-catalyzed degradation of polymeric capsules templated on CaCO3: Influence of the number of LbL layers, conditions of degradation, and disassembly of multicompartments
Authors: Irina Marchenko, Alexey Yashchenok, Tatiana Borodina, Tatiana Bukreeva, Manfred Konrad, Helmuth Möhwald, Andre Skirtach
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Glutamine Sensitivity Analysis Identifies the xCT Antiporter as a Common Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Therapeutic Target
Authors: Luika A. Timmerman, Thomas Holton, Mariia Yuneva, Raymond J. Louie, Mercè Padró, Anneleen Daemen, Min Hu, Denise A. Chan, Stephen P. Ethier, Laura J. van ‘t Veer, Kornelia Polyak, Frank McCormick, Joe W. Gray
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
What Is General Suppurative Peritonitis?
Authors: J. F. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 27, 1906.  To the Editor:  —In discussing any subject it is very essential that those who take part in the discussion shall agree on their definitions of the terms that are used. In this part of the country surgeons have been in the habit, I think, of limiting the diagnosis of  suppurative peritonitis to cases in which the entire peritoneum from the floor of the pelvis to the diaphragm is involved in the suppurative process. If the suppurative process is very limited, we have called the case one of local peritonitis; if the process is more widely diffused we call it diffuse peritonitis; but we do not use the word general unless the entire peritoneum is involved. In cases of general purulent peritonitis the process has been going on as a rule for five or six days, the abdomen is distended, peristalsis has ceased, the Hippocratic
The association of HLA-DR3 with specific IgE to inhaled acid anhydrides.
Authors: R P Young, R D Barker, K D Pile, W O Cookson, A J Taylor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We have undertaken a case referent study of the association between HLA allele frequency and specific IgE antibody to acid anhydride-human serum albumin (AA-HSA) conjugates among acid anhydride workers. Thirty cases with radio-allergosorbent test score versus AA-HSA conjugates > 2 were compared with 30 referents without specific IgE selected from the same factory sites as the cases and matched for age, sex, duration of exposure, atopic status, and smoking habit. We found a significant excess of HLA-DR3 in the cases with specific IgE to acid anhydrides when compared with the referents (50% versus 14%, Fisher's statistic = 8.4; odds ratio = 6, p = 0.05 corrected). The excess of HLA-DR3 was particularly associated with IgE versus trimellitic anhydride, with HLA-DR3 present in eight of 11 workers with and in two of 14 referents without IgE (Fisher's statistic = 8.5, odds ratio = 16, p = 0.004). The proportion of HLA-DR3 among the phthalic anhydride workers was not different in those with IgE (two of 12) from their referents (two of 14). These findings suggest MHC II proteins are an important determinant of the specificity of the IgE response to an inhaled hapten.
Ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic profiles in paediatric sepsis: how much ciprofloxacin is enough?
Authors: J. Lipman, A. Gous, L. Mathivha, S. Tshukutsoane, J. Scribante, H. Hon, M. Pinder, J. Riera-Fanego, L. Verhoef, H. Stass
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2002)
New Drugs for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Darren K. McGuire, Silvio E. Inzucchi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

T he cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) has become increasingly evident, accounting for Ϸ80% of deaths among patients with this disease 1 and making CVD risk modification a key therapeutic objective in diabetic patients.2][3][4] The rapidly increasing global burden of DM, 5 coupled with the associated CVD risk, underscores the imperative for continued generation and application of evidence-based therapies to reduce CVD risk in this high-risk cohort.In this 2-part series, we first review the CVD effects of the thiazolidinedione medications, the most broadly investigated class of antihyperglycemic drugs evaluated in the context of CVD risk.In the second part, we review the modulators of the incretin axis that have most recently achieved US Food and Drug Administration approval, with a focus on CVD considerations; introduce selected drugs in advanced development; summarize glucose control strategies for cardiovascular patients; and discuss the regulatory review of glucose-lowering medications.
Posterior shoulder dislocations
Authors: Robert C Jacobs, Nicole A Meredyth, James D Michelson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

After being tackled earlier that day, a 33 year old rugby player presented to a walk in clinic with diffuse left shoulder pain, limited abduction, and arm held in slight internal rotation, with a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated position (fig 1⇓). He was discharged and diagnosed as having a spontaneously reduced anterior shoulder dislocation after an anterioposterior view of the shoulder was read as normal (fig 2⇓).



Fig 1 Diagram of mechanism of posterior dislocation: arm flexed and adducted, with internal rotation at the shoulder





Fig 2 Pre-reduction anterioposterior radiograph of left posterior dislocation. The humeral head (H) appears to be concentrically located about the glenoid (G) and beneath the acromion (A). Slight internal rotation is present when appreciating the greater and lesser tuberosities. No fracture is seen. C=coracoid process, CL=clavicle, S=scapula



One week later he presented to the emergency department with continued symptoms and crepitus in his shoulder with attempted movement. A posterior shoulder dislocation was diagnosed when an orthogonal view (axillary) of the shoulder was taken (fig 3⇓). After conscious …
P5-14-03: Genomic Comparison of Paired Primary Breast Carcinomas and Macrometastatic Lymph Node Metastases Using Quantitative RT-PCR by Oncotype DX: Assessment of the Recurrence Score and Quantitative Single Genes.
Authors: SK Boolbol, L Kirstein, M Harshan, P Klein, J-M Cohen, M Chadha, FL Baehner, SC Malamud
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background NCCN guidelines now include consideration of the 21 gene RT-PCR assay in node negative, hormone sensitive breast cancers greater than 0.6 cm. Recent data suggests a potential role for testing of node positive(N1), hormone sensitive patients as well. Currently, no data exists on testing of metastatic lymph nodes. We sought to establish the feasibility of Oncotype DX® testing in the metastatic lymph nodes and, furthermore, to evaluate the genomic concordance between the primary tumor and the nodal deposit. These results may further our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and biological selectivity in the process of lymph node metastasis and ultimately systemic metastases. Methods: We examined the formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissues (FPET) from 100 breast cancer patients from our institution's pathology database with available paired primary tumor and macrometastic nodal deposits by Oncotype Dx® testing. Inclusion criteria included patients with macrometastatic lymph node disease, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative primary breast cancer. The testing laboratory was blinded from the clinical outcomes data available on these patients. All FPET samples had H&amp;E slides made which were reviewed by board certified surgical breast pathologists to determine if there was sufficient invasive tumor and to direct dissection of all lymph node samples. The Recurrence Scores and quantitative single gene values from the paired samples will be examined descriptively with scatterplots and Pearson correlation coefficients and reported at the meeting. Results: All 100 paired specimens were sent for Oncotype DX testing. 24 samples were found during standard H&amp;E review to not have sufficient tumor for the assay. Of the 176 samples created for RNA extraction 173 samples had sufficient RNA for the Oncotype DX assay: 85 lymph node and 88 primary breast carcinoma samples. Recurrence Scores and quantitative single gene values from the paired primary breast carcinoma and lymph node samples will be examined descriptively and reported at the meeting. Conclusion: Previous comparisons of paired primary and metastatic samples have used immunohistochemistry and FISH which are susceptible to variability in preanalytic variability such as delay to fixation, choice of fixative and duration in fixative. This study, using quantitative RT-PCR, will be one of the largest comparisons of tumor biology in paired samples yet reported in the era of genomic subtyping and may have implications for systemic adjuvant treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-03.
Post-Pneumonic Lung Abscess Resembling Lung Tumor*
Authors: GEORGE F. COOPER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 April 1932Post-Pneumonic Lung Abscess Resembling Lung TumorWith Case ReportGEORGE F. COOPER, M.D.GEORGE F. COOPER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-10-1308 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is difficult to differentiate an unresolved pneumonia from an encapsulated empyema in which the retained fluid is under pressure. It is also difficult, at times, to differentiate either of the two conditions mentioned above from a lung tumor. It is usually necessary to take into consideration not only the physical findings and x-ray examination, but the history of onset before an absolute diagnosis can be made.Middle lobe pneumonia, without involvement of the remainder of the lung, is a rare condition,1and may terminate in various ways. It may resolve and clear up in a very short time, or...Reference1 WESSLERJACHES HL: Clinical roentgenology of disease of the chest, page 233. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Corps United States Navy Canacao, P. I.Received for publication, July 18, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1932Volume 5, Issue 10Page: 1308-1312KeywordsAbscessesLungsPneumonia Issue Published: 1 April 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Scaling current and energy with body weight: requirements for the transthoracic ventricular defibrillation of calves as they grow from 50 to 150 kg.
Authors: J H Gold, J C Schuder, H Stoeckle, T A Granberg, J C Dettmer, D E Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To test the hypothesis that the effectiveness of a shock in achieving ventricular defibrillation is relatively independent of body weight if electrode diameter is proportional to the one-third power and current is proportional to the two-thirds power of weight, we studied defibrillation rates in 10 calves as they increased weight. At 50 kg, each calf was subjected to 20 fibrillation-defibrillation episodes using 10.3-cm diameter electrodes and 32-amp, 4-msec rectangular pulses for defibrillation. Two days after the original study, each calf underwent 20 additional episodes involving 44-amp pulses. With the specified scaling of electrode diameter and pulse amplitude, the two studies were repeated at weight intervals of 25 kg as the animals grew. Six calves survived. In the study that started with 32-amp pulses, first-shock success values of 28%, 49%, 66%, 51% and 23% were found in the six surviving calves at 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg, respectively. The corresponding values were 93%, 96%, 93%, 94% and 91% in the study that started with 44-amp pulses. While the results of the 32-amp study fail to support our initial hypothesis, those obtained in the 44-amp current study appear compatible with the hypothesis.
ARGININE-RICH PROTEINS OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE LYSOSOMES
Authors: H. I. Zeya, J. K. Spitznagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The cationic antibacterial proteins of rabbit PMN lysosomes have been resolved into at least five subfractions. Each of these showed substantial selectivity in its antibacterial action against several pathogenic bacteria, including two smooth and two rough Escherichia coli strains, three Staphylococcus aureus strains, one S. albus, three proteus species and four different cultures of streptococcus. Each of the subfractions possesses a different electrophoretic mobility. Amino acid analyses of the three most cationic components revealed high contents of arginine consistent with their relative electrophoretic mobilities and very high arginine to lysine ratios. Aromatic amino acids were present in very low concentrations in these proteins and their light absorption at 2800 A was correspondingly weak. The evidence of antibacterial specificity, along with marked differences in the arginine-lysine ratios, shows that the cationic antibacterial components of rabbit PMN lysosomes are biologically and chemically heterogeneous.
A survey of the ultraviolet radiation emissions of photochemotherapy units
Authors: B. L. DIFFEY, A. V. J. CHALLONER, P. J. KEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Measurements have been made of the spectral emission and irradiance from whole body ultraviolet irradiation units used in the treatment of psoriasis by photochemotherapy (PUVA). A total of ten units were studied, located at nine different treatment centres in England. The results showed that within the limits of experimental accuracy there was no significant difference in the profile of all spectra measured, although the measured value of irradiance compared with each centre's own UV-A meter showed wide discrepancies. There is poor documentation provided by manufacturers of UV-A meters on the meaning of the scale reading in mWcm-2, and it would seem expedient that some agreed calibration procedure for these instruments is forthcoming.
Has the mortality of male doctors improved with the reductions in their cigarette smoking?
Authors: P N Lee
Journal: BMJ (1979)

From 1951 to 1971 male doctors reduced their cigarette smoking more than did men in social classes I and II combined. In 1970-2, 665 male doctors died aged under 65. Had they shown the same improvements in cause-specific death rates over the 20 years as men in classes I and II, 699 deaths would have been expected. This "saving" of 34 deaths in the doctors comprised savings from coronary heart disease (83), stroke (16), and lung cancer (8) balanced by 60 "losses" from three stress-related causes--namely, accident, poisonings, etc (30); suicide (26); and cirrhosis of the liver (4)--plus 13 from other causes. As a relative reduction in mortality from heart disease in doctors (as compared with that in social classes I and II) also occurred during 1931-51--that is, before they began to give up smoking--some of the saving in heart-disease deaths in 1951-71 was probably not related to changes in smoking habits. The relative worsening in mortality from stress-related diseases may have been due partly to a possible adverse effect of giving up smoking if smoking had acted to reduce stress. From these findings, the benefits of giving up smoking may not be so great as has commonly been assumed.
Effect of a Guideline-Based Multicomponent Intervention on Use of Physical Restraints in Nursing Homes
Authors: Sascha Köpke, Ingrid Mühlhauser, Anja Gerlach, Antonie Haut, Burkhard Haastert, Ralph Möhler, Gabriele Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Despite unambiguous legal regulation and evidence for lack of effectiveness and safety, physical restraints are still frequently administered in nursing homes.To reduce physical restraint prevalence in nursing homes using a guideline- and theory-based multicomponent intervention.Cluster randomized controlled trial of 6 months' duration conducted in 2 German cities between February 2009 and April 2010. Nursing homes were eligible if they had 20% or more residents with physical restraints. Using external concealed randomization, 18 nursing home clusters were included in the intervention group (2283 residents) and 18 in the control group (2166 residents).The intervention was based on a specifically developed evidence-based guideline and applied the theory of planned behavior. Components were group sessions for all nursing staff; additional training for nominated key nurses; and supportive material for nurses, residents, relatives, and legal guardians. Control group clusters received standard information.Primary outcome was percentage of residents with physical restraints (bilateral bed rails, belts, fixed tables, and other measures limiting free body movement) at 6 months, assessed through direct unannounced observation by blinded investigators on 3 occasions during 1 day. Secondary outcomes included restraint use at 3 months, falls, fall-related fractures, and psychotropic medication prescriptions.All nursing homes completed the study and all residents were included in the analysis. At baseline, 30.6% of control group residents had physical restraints vs 31.5% of intervention group residents. At 6 months, rates were 29.1% vs 22.6%, respectively, a difference of 6.5% (95% CI, 0.6% to 12.4%; cluster-adjusted odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.97; P = .03). All physical restraint measures were used less frequently in the intervention group. Rates were stable from 3 to 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences in falls, fall-related fractures, and psychotropic medication prescriptions.A guideline- and theory-based multicomponent intervention compared with standard information reduced physical restraint use in nursing homes.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN34974819.
New estimates of fibre in the diet in Britain.
Authors: R W Wenlock, D H Buss, I B Agater
Journal: BMJ (1984)

New estimates of fibre in the diet in Britain Intakes of dietary fibre or its components have been (inversely) related to the prevalence of several diseases of the intestinal tract, including cancer, and to ischaemic heart disease, obesity, and diabetes.Recent reports on diet and health have accepted that benefit is likely to accrue from an increased intake of dietary fibre, particularly cereal fibre.Only the most recent of these reports has attempted to quantify the amount needed: it recommends that the average intake in Britain should rise from 20 g to 30 g/person/day, with a rise to at least 25 g