tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression: case-control study
Authors: M. Cheasty, A. W Clare, C. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the association between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression in women. <b>Design:</b> Two stage, case detection and case identification design, using the 30-item general health questionnaire and the Beck depression inventory for screening and the affective items relating to current functioning on the schizophrenia and affective disorders schedule to identify depressed cases. Details of sexual abuse in childhood were elicited retrospectively by semistructured interview, and social problems by the social problems questionnaire. <b>Setting:</b> Three general practices, in middle class suburban, deprived inner city, and rural areas. <b>Subjects:</b> 1189 women were screened and 237 subsequently interviewed; 132 were depressed. <b>Results:</b> 49 (37%) of the depressed interviewees and 24 (23%) of the non-depressed interviewees reported experience of sexual abuse when they were aged under 16 years. A positive association existed between the more severe abuse and depression-all those who had experienced penetration were depressed as adults. A relation was also found between sexual abuse in childhood and sexual problems, housing problems, and problems with their children at school. <b>Conclusion:</b> A positive association between child sexual abuse and depression was confirmed, but this was confined to more severe abuse (penetration or attempted penetration). <h3>Key messages</h3> Most researchers agree that a significant association exists between childhood sexual abuse and increased psychopathology as an adult The relation between sexual abuse in childhood and adult depression, however, has been unclear This study shows a positive association between severe sexual abuse (penetration or attempted penetration) in childhood and depression in adult life Women who had experienced more minor sexual abuse in childhood, however, were no more likely to be depressed than those with no history of sexual abuse
41 Ischemic preconditioning protects hepatocytes against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury via oxygen radicals derived from Kupffer cells
Authors: K TEJIMA, M ARAI, H IKEDA, T TOMIYA, M YANASE, Y INOUE, K NAGASHIMA, N WATANABE, M OMATA, K FUJIWARA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Abstract 1551: Targeting myeloid derived suppressor cells as novel strategy to enhance immunotherapy in murine prostate cancer models
Authors: Li Shen, Michael Ciesielski, Kiersten M. Miles, Leigh Ellis, Robert Fenstermaker, Roberto Pili
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major component of the immunosuppressive environment responsible for immune tolerance in cancer. These cells facilitate carcinogenesis and tumor progression by impairing T and NK cells activation and contributing to regulation of angiogenesis. In current study, we evaluated whether accumulation of MDSCs occur in two murine prostate cancer models: a castrate resistant, syngenic transplantable tumor (CR Myc-Cap) and the Hi-myc transgenic tumor models. Tasquinimod is an anti-angiogenic agent tested in prostate cancer and has been found to bind to an inflammatory protein S100A9 and therefore have the potential to affect accumulation and function of MDSCs. We investigated whether tasquinimod affects the induction and function of MDSCs and facilitate vaccine therapy in these castrate resistant prostate cancer models. Experimental design: Splenocytes and blood cells were isolated from naïve and CR Myc-Cap tumor bearing mice. Blood samples were taken from Hi-myc transgenic mice and age-matched littermates at different ages. All these splenocytes and blood samples were subjected to staining with MDSCs markers, Gr1 and CD11b, and to flow cytometry analysis. CR Myc-Cap tumor bearing mice were treated with either vehicle, tasquinimod (1mg/kg), modified survivin vaccine peptide SurVaxM, or combination. Tumor growth, MDSCs accumulation and function upon treatments were monitored. Results: The peripheral MDSCs (in blood and spleen) significantly increased in tumor bearing mice. The MDSCs number increase correlated with disease progression in the transgenic model. Low doses of tasquinimod (1-5mg/kg) did not change the CD11b+Gr1high MDSCs number, but CD11b+Gr1high, CD11b+Gr1int, CD11b+Gr1− cells were differently accumulated in vehicle or tasquinimod treated mice. Tasquinimod in vivo treatment reduced peripheral CD11b+Gr1int, CD11b+Gr1− cells number. Low doses of tasquinimod have minimal effect on CD11b+Gr1high MDSCs function and did not enhance the SurVaxM vaccine therapy in CR Myc-Cap model.Conclusions: In summary, our study demonstrates MDSCs accumulation in two prostate cancer models and suggests that MDSCs may contribute to immune tolerance in prostate cancer. The study also suggests low dose tasquinimod affect maturation of MDSCs into other immunosuppressive cell types (CD11b+Gr1int, CD11b+Gr1−). Higher doses of tasquinimod (≥10mg/kg) are being tested for their potential to affect MDSCs accumulation and function in prostate cancer models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1551. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1551
ECT may be better than drugs for short term depression
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is more effective than drug treatment for short term depressive illness but may be associated with memory impairment, according to a systematic review published last week in the Lancet (2003;361:799-808).

Researchers at the University of Oxford reviewed randomised trials comparing ECT with a range of other treatments in patients with depressive illness. The main outcome measures they assessed were depressive symptoms, cognitive function (including memory), and mortality.

Results from 18 trials (comprising 1144 participants) showed that ECT was significantly more effective than drug treatment (standardised effect size −0.80, 95% confidence interval −1.29 to −0.29). These trials compared ECT with …
Benethamine Penicillin: A New Salt with a Prolonged Action
Authors: M. G. Nelson, J. M. Talbot, T. B. Binns
Journal: BMJ (1954)

In this article, early career members of the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) summarise a selection of five sessions from the ERS 2020 Virtual International Congress. The topics covered include risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases over the life course, from early life origins to occupational exposures in adulthood, and the interplay between these risk factors, including gene–environment interactions. Novel results were also presented on smoking prevention and potential risks of vaping. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for epidemiological and environmental research brought by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were a major topic of this year9s congress.
Weather forecast: hot, sunny--and cover up!
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

SUN WORSHIPERS in 58 US cities no longer need guess about avoiding overexposure to skin cancer—promoting ultraviolet (UV) light. The National Weather Service is testing a program whereby local weather reports include a daily solar warning index: the likely exposure to UV radiation at noon each day in specific locations. The service will eventually cover the United States.  The effort, developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is in response to the increasing incidence in Americans of skin cancer, cataracts, and other harmful effects of too much sun.  The American Cancer Society estimates that 700 000 cases of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancer will be diagnosed here this year (leading to 2300 deaths, although such cancers are highly treatable) and 32000 cases of malignant melanoma (leading to 6900 deaths).  Malignant melanoma, which occurs ten times as
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration using a stand-alone blood pump for acute kidney injury in field hospitals in Syria
Authors: A. Oussama Rifai, Lina B. Murad, Mohamed A. Sekkarie, Akram A. Al-Makki, Abdul R. Zanabli, Anas A. Kayal, Khaldoun A. Soudan
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Repairing critical-sized calvarial defects with BMSCs modified by a constitutively active form of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and a phosphate cement scaffold
Authors: Duohong Zou, Zhiyuan Zhang, Jiacai He, Siheng Zhu, Shaoyi Wang, Wenjie Zhang, Jian Zhou, Yuanjin Xu, Yan Huang, Yuanyin Wang, Wei Han, Yong Zhou, Shuhong Wang, Sulan You, Xinquan Jiang, Yuanliang Huang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Survivin Expression Is Regulated by Coexpression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hiroko Asanuma, Toshihiko Torigoe, Kenjiro Kamiguchi, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Tousei Ohmura, Koichi Hirata, Masaaki Sato, Noriyuki Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, is widely expressed in a variety of human cancer tissues. Survivin inhibits activation of caspases, and its overexpression can lead to resistance to apoptotic stimuli. In this study, survivin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of 195 invasive breast cancer specimens. Overall, 79.5% of the tumors were positive for survivin. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and EGFR, was also examined in 53 cases, and consequently, it was indicated that survivin positivity might be correlated with the coexpression of HER2 and EGFR. To clarify the regulatory mechanism of survivin expression in breast cancer cells, the effect of HER2 and/or EGFR expression on the survivin levels was examined. It was revealed that the survivin protein level was up-regulated by the coexpression of HER2 and EGFR, leading to the increased resistance against etoposide-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Conversely, survivin levels and apoptosis resistance were decreased when cells were treated with HER2-specific inhibitor, Herceptin. Although Herceptin could down-regulate both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signal and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1)/ERK signal in HER2-positive breast cancer cells, PI3K-specific inhibitor but not MEK1-specific inhibitor could decrease the survivin levels. The present study clarified the regulatory mechanism of HER2 in the expression of survivin protein in breast cancer cells.
A Chilean boy with severe photosensitivity and finger shortening: the first case of homozygous variegate porphyria in South America
Authors: P. Poblete-Gutiérrez, C. Wolff, R. Farias, J. Frank
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

A 7‐year‐old Chilean boy presented with severe photosensitivity, blistering, erosions and scarring on sun‐exposed areas of the body since the age of 6 months. Additionally, he showed a short stature and shortening of the fingers. Laboratory examination revealed greatly elevated protoporphyrin levels in the blood. Such biochemical findings can be observed in homozygous variants of usually autosomal dominantly inherited acute porphyrias such as variegate porphyria (VP) and hereditary coproporphyria, which usually do not become manifest before the second or third decade of life in heterozygotes. Using polymerase chain reaction‐based techniques we identified a missense mutation in exon 7 on the paternal allele and a frameshift mutation in exon 13 on the maternal allele of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene that harbours the mutations underlying VP. This is the first homozygous case of VP in South America. As VP represents the most frequent type of acute porphyria not only in Chile but also in South Africa, more such cases could be expected in the future, particularly because a founder mutation for this disease has already been described in the Chilean and South African population.
"We Wish to Hire a Medical Statistician. Have You Any Advice to Offer?"
Authors: Donald Mainland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

From time to time I am asked this question by the head of a department in a medical school or other health organization. When the advice requested is more than the naming of a possible candidate, I remember an attempt that I made seven years ago to organize my thinking about the situation of persons who are expected to give help in a miscellany of problems brought to them from any or all departments in a medical school. Such statisticians might be called "all-purpose statisticians" or "statisticians at large," even if they are based in a particular department such as preventive medicine or pharmacology. I presented the results of my thinking at the Fourth International Biometric Conference held in Ottawa, in 1958, in a paper entitled "Some Non-statistical Problems Met By Medical School Statisticians." I read it again recently and asked myself: "Have some or all of these problems disappeared
Prevalence of obstructive lung disease in a general population: relation to occupational title and exposure to some airborne agents.
Authors: P S Bakke, V Baste, R Hanoa, A Gulsvik
Journal: Thorax (1991)

BACKGROUND: The importance of occupational exposure to airborne agents in the development of obstructive disease is uncertain. Studying the relation in a community population has the benefit of reducing the healthy worker effect seen in studies of working populations. METHODS: The prevalence of obstructive lung disease was examined in a Norwegian general population aged 18-73 in a two phased cross sectional survey. In the second phase a stratified sample (n = 1512) of those responding in the first phase was invited for clinical and spirometric examination (attendance rate 84%). Attenders were asked to state all jobs lasting greater than 6 months since leaving school and to say whether they had been exposed to any of seven specific agents and work processes potentially harmful to the lungs. RESULTS: The prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease was 2.4% and 5.4%, respectively; spirometric airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC less than 0.7 and FEV1 less than 80% of predicted values) was observed in 4.5% of the population. All jobs were categorised into three groups according to the degree of potential airborne exposure. Having a job with a high degree of airborne exposure increased the sex, age, and smoking adjusted odds ratio for obstructive lung disease (asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease) by 3.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 9.9) compared with having a job without airborne exposure; the association with spirometric airflow limitation was 1.4 (0.3 to 5.2). Occupational exposures to quartz, metal gases, aluminium production and processing, and welding were significantly associated with obstructive lung disease after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking habit, the adjusted odds ratios varying between 2.3 and 2.7. Occupational exposure to quartz and asbestos was significantly related to spirometric airflow limitation in people older than 50. CONCLUSION: Occupational title and exposure to specific agents and work processes may be independent markers of obstructive lung disease in the general population.
Prominent Lymphatic Channels Simulating Sentinel Nodes: The Use of Standing and Delayed Views in Delineating the True Number and Position of Nodes and the Implications for Further Morbidity Reduction
Authors: Susanne Kim, Irini Youssef, Chun K. Kim, Josef Machac, Borys R. Krynyckyi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 52-year-old woman with breast carcinoma underwent lymphoscintigraphy. Initial and supine views at 70 minutes showed 3 grouped foci of similar intensity in the left axilla that appeared to represent nodes. Standing views with multiple arm positions revealed prominent lymphatic channels of a unique geometry that on supine views simulated sentinel nodes in 2 of the 3 grouped foci. Views at 4 hours confirmed the findings on early standing views. These findings illustrate the use of early standing views in conveying to the surgeon the true number of sentinel nodes and their potential role for further morbidity reduction.
Effects of cGMP on L-type calcium current of adult and newborn rabbit ventricular cells
Authors: R KUMAR, T NAMIKI, R JOYNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Cyclic GMP has been shown to be in some respects an inhibitory modulator of heart function. Various studies on the modulation of cardiac L-type calcium current ( I Ca ) by cGMP in different species show inconsistency and the role of cGMP remains unclear and controversial. The present study was focused on the differences in the modulation of basal I Ca by cGMP in adult and newborn rabbit ventricular cells. Methods: Enzymatically isolated adult and newborn (1–4-day-old) rabbit ventricular myocytes were used to measure I Ca under whole-cell voltage clamp conditions with internal perfusion of isolated cells. Results: We have shown that in adult ventricular cells, the intracellular perfusion of 8BrcGMP did not produce any effect on basal I Ca , while intracellular perfusion of 8BrcGMP or 8CPT-cGMP in newborn ventricular cells significantly and reversibly increased basal I Ca without changing the voltage dependence for activation of I Ca . Both methylene blue and LY-83583 (which inhibit guanylyl cyclase and thus lower cGMP levels), in adult ventricular cells, failed to produce any significant effect on basal I Ca , while in newborn ventricular cells the application of methylene blue or LY-83583 produced irreversible inhibition of basal I Ca . Similarly, KT-5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, also inhibited basal I Ca in newborn ventricular cells but not in adult ventricular cells. However, extracellular application of methylene blue during the intracellular perfusion of 8BrcGMP was unable to inhibit I Ca . Extracellular application of nitrosoglutathione which releases nitric oxide produced a significant increase in I Ca in newborn but not in adult ventricular cells. Intracellular application of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor peptide blocked the stimulatory effect of cAMP but not of 8CPT-cGMP, while the stimulatory effect of nitrosoglutathione on I Ca was not blocked by the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (isobutylmethyl-xanthine). Conclusions: We propose that, for newborn rabbit ventricular cells, cGMP plays a crucial role in maintaining basal I Ca by a mechanism mediated via protein-kinase-G-dependent phosphorylation of calcium channels or some associated protein.
HLA in Chileans with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Humberto Reyes, María E. Wegmann, Nelly Segovia, Miguel Cuchacovich, Enrique Jadresic, Mónica Contador, Cecilia Fuentes, Mireya Melendez
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

A possible association between intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and human–leukocyte histocompatibility (HLA) antigens-used as genetic markers-was studied in 100 women with ICP compared to 100 multiparous women without a past history of the disease. Because we previously found a higher frequency of ICP in women with an overt Araucanian Indian descent than in Chilean Caucasoids, women from both ethnic groups were studied. Among the 37 specificities of the HLA system studied (17 of HLA–A, 16 of HLA–B, and 4 of HLA–C series), only HLA–BW16 showed a tendency to be more frequent in women with ICP rather than in control women. This finding appears to be related with ethnic origin and not ICP, HLA–BW16 was significantly more frequent in women with Araucanian Indian descent (43.4%) than in Chilean Caucasoids (16.3%) (p &lt; 0.01). The high frequency of HLA–BW16 in the predominantly Caucasoid population in Chile, in comparison with Caucasians in Europe and in North America, may be another indicator of their ethnic admixture with aborigine groups. The high frequency of HLA–BW16 reported in North American Indian–admixed groups (16%) suggests that HLA–BW16 may be a genetic characteristic common to some aboriginal populations in North and South America.
Privacy of patients' information in hospital lifts: observational study
Authors: S. N Vigod
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Respect for the confidentiality of patients' information is a basic principle of ethical and effective medical practice. It ensures individual patients' privacy, and, more broadly, it upholds public perception of the quality of the healthcare system and its professionals. Observational studies have shown that breaches of patients' confidentiality by healthcare professionals occurred in 3%-7% of lift rides in hospitals.1 2

Even though most healthcare professionals know the limits of confidentiality well, they have trouble applying them to their behaviour, particularly in hospital lifts where discussions of patients' information may be overheard.3 To decrease the risk of compromising patients' confidentiality in public spaces in hospitals, we investigated the number and nature of …
Cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant membranous nephropathy: A randomized trial
Authors: Daniel C. Cattran, Gerald B. Appel, Lee A. Hebert, Lawrence G. Hunsicker, Marc A. Pohl, Wendy E. Hoy, Douglas R. Maxwell, Cheryl L. Kunis, None for the North American Nephrotic Syndrome
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Helicobacter pylori infection in spouses of patients with duodenal ulcers and comparison of ribosomal RNA gene patterns.
Authors: S D Georgopoulos, A F Mentis, C A Spiliadis, L S Tzouvelekis, E Tzelepi, A Moshopoulos, N Skandalis
Journal: Gut (1996)

In recent studies, familial coinfection with the same Helicobacter pylori strains has been indicated, but more data are necessary to confirm intra-familial spread of the micro-organism.The aim of this study was (a) to assess the frequency of H pylori infection in spouses of patients with duodenal ulcers and (b) to investigate the possibility of intraspousal typing of the respective strains.Sixty four patients with duodenal ulcer and their spouses were included in the study.The H pylori infection was confirmed after endoscopy by culture and histological examination of biopsy specimens, and CLO test. The isolates were compared on the basis of their rRNA gene patterns (ribopatterns) after digestion of chromosomal DNA by the restriction endonucleases HaeIII or HindIII.Of the patients, 54 were found to be H pylori positive. Of the respective spouses, 42 (78%) were also H pylori positive. In contrast, only two out of 10 (20%) partners of H pylori negative patients were infected. Ribopatterns of H pylori strains derived from 18 patients and their spouses showed that in each of eight couples a single strain had colonised both partners, while in the remaining 10 couples each partner was colonised by a distinct H pylori strain.These data suggest person to person transmission within couples or exposure to a common source of infection.
All of a Piece: A Life With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is an extraordinary book written by a highly intelligent, introspective young woman who discusses her struggles with adjusting to her disease and its social and cultural implications.  It is certainly not a  to live with your MS type of book, nor is it anywhere near a recital of problems, complaints, and suggestions for other patients afflicted with the same disease. This is an extraordinarily personal baring of the soul, a most admirable intellectual catharsis, but at the same time an indictment, remarkably free of bitterness, of the many physicians who ignored her complaints, failed to accept them as being significant, and thus caused a great deal of harm by not recognizing their reality. In fact, the author points out how being given the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was, in itself, a positive factor in accepting her disease. It is, unfortunately, a common experience for patients with multiple sclerosis