tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of transforming growth factorβ prevents progression of liver fibrosis and enhances hepatocyte regeneration in dimethylnitrosamine-treated rats
Authors: Toru Nakamura, Ryuichiro Sakata, Takato Ueno, Michio Sata, Hikaru Ueno
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We investigated whether anti-transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) molecular intervention can halt the progression of liver fibrosis in rats. To block TGF-β action in a specific manner, we prepared an adenovirus expressing a truncated type II TGF-β receptor (AdTβ-TR), which specifically inhibits TGF-β signaling as a dominant-negative receptor. We also used an adenovirus expressing bacterial β-galactosidase (AdLacZ) as a control adenovirus. Rats were treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 weeks; then, AdTβ-TR, AdLacZ, or saline was intravenously applied once, followed by an additional 3-week DMN treatment. The ratio between the truncated receptor and the wild-type receptor at the mRNA level was 15 at 1 week and 10 at 3 weeks after gene transfer. Immunohistostaining analysis showed that the truncated receptor was expressed mainly in septal cells including hepatic stellate cells. Liver fibrosis, as assessed by histology, hydroxyproline content, and the serum level of hyaluronic acid, progressed during the additional 3-week DMN treatment. However, in rats infected with AdTβ-TR, the fibrosis remained at the level seen in rats given DMN for only 3 weeks. All AdTβ-TR-treated rats remained alive, whereas DMN-treated rats infused with either AdLacZ or saline died of liver dysfunction. In the livers of AdTβ-TR-treated rats, electron microscopy showed: 1) less accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the Disse’s spaces; 2) regenerated hepatocytes; and 3) fat droplet-rich “quiescent” hepatic stellate cells. Our results demonstrate that TGF-β plays a critical role in the progression of liver fibrosis, and suggest that anti-TGF-β intervention should be therapeutic in already-established fibrotic livers, not only by suppressing fibrosis, but by facilitating hepatocyte regeneration.
Hospital equipment "Which"?
Authors: P V Scott
Journal: BMJ (1978)

in the Netherlands, issues about 8000 wheelchairs of all types annually, as part of the provisions within the handicap insurance bill.Poor comfort can be drawn from the fact that despite all efforts similar delays, of up to six months, occurred in Holland.In some cases delays were due to the too complicated administrative procedures, a source of much frustration.These are now brought down to a bare minimum, as fraud rarely occurs in these requests.On the other hand expectations are too high and not realistic.Most people believe that issuing a wheelchair is "just an over-thecounter business."In fact, the adequate fitting of a wheelchair is a laborious and time- consuming occupation.This point is poorly understood and rarely stressed.Outcries are therefore not always justified.Only strenuous efforts and large funds may shorten delivery times.
Racial bias unlikely to be a factor in the differential performance of candidates in the MRCGP exam
Authors: M. Graham, R. Tsisi, G. Cowley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

As representatives of the Royal College of General Practitioners’ panel of examiners, we would like to respond to the suggestion that subjective bias “could be a factor” in the differential performance of candidates in the clinical skills assessment exam.1 2 When discussing the sensitive subject of bias, care is needed in the choice of language, and use of the phrase “could be a factor,” without substantiation, seems ill judged …
TOTAL EXTIRPATION OF THE THYROID GLAND.
Authors: GEORGE F. COTT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

On Sunday morning, July 15, 1900, I was hurriedly summoned to attend a male, aged 16, and found him breathing heavily while sitting on the edge of a bed. His voice was clear, indicating that the obstruction was below the subglottic region. As he was quite cyanotic, he was placed in a chair with his head tilted back and a 2 per cent. eucain solution injected under the skin. The trachea was easily opened and a silver tube introduced. There was, however, no relief. Then a soft-rubber catheter was run down into the trachea, with instantaneous relief. His heart was in very bad shape, but he was watched closely during the night and strychnin and stimulants were freely administered. I left word that if the patient rallied I would remove the gland causing the obstruction. Next morning, Dr. Bingham, who had the case in charge, telephoned that the boy was
PROTECTION OF THE INNOCENT.
Authors: EDWARD L. KEYES
Journal: JAMA (1906)

What is the conclusion to be drawn from the previous papers on this subject? It is, I think, twofold. First, as regards those who assume the rôle of protectors of innocence: let them beware of their ignorance, for, unhappily, they are not all-wise. Even supposing that those who speak here to-day and who have contemplated gravely the duty of our profession to womankind are, in some degree, competent to advise and to guard the innocent, we can not serve for all; our authority must be delegated. And strange and various will, doubtless, be the doctrines taught by those whose chief qualification as protectors of innocence is their boundless enthusiasm and a superficial knowledge of what wiser men have spoken. Witness current school instruction on the effects of alcohol. Hence our mistrust of the old-fashioned patriarchal methods of protecting innocence by enshrouding it in ignorance. Our forefathers so confused the two
Electrocardiographic changes in "elite" athletes
Authors: Richard Godfrey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Editor,—I am constantly amazed that authors of refereed articles in sports science and medicine journals get away with dictating to the reader. I refer specifically to the use of the term “elite”. I think this is particularly inappropriate when used in the title of a paper, because it presupposes that the population studied is elite when in reality it is the reader who should make such a judgement.

If, in the body of the text, the author(s) wish to refer to the population in question as elite, then they should present their definition in the opening introduction. Clearly, there are many instances where the term elite can be questioned, but I think most reasonable scientists and doctors would agree that there cannot be 1000 elite junior athletes in the United Kingdom. I refer to the paper of Sharma et al .1 I do not intend to victimise one research group, as I have seen many papers that “transgress” in this way. However, I have noticed that an earlier paper of Dr Sharma's, published as the result of a presentation at the European College of Sports Medicine Conference, Manchester 1998, also used the term “elite” when referring to junior athletes. Perhaps those of us who act as reviewers are also guilty here and should take a greater stand in the …
Prevention of Rh Hemolytic Disease — Ten Years' Clinical Experience with Rh Immune Globulin
Authors: Vincent J. Freda, John G. Gorman, William Pollack, Edward Bowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

10 years' clinical experience with Rh immune globulin in the prevention of Rh hemolytic disease is reported. The data show a steady decline in the actual numbers of sensitized mothers and affected babies for each successive year after the initiation of treatment with Rh immune globulin. It is concluded that all Rh-negative women who are at any risk of becoming sensitized to Rh must be protected with Rh immune globulin irrespective of whether they have had a term pregnancy (Rh-positive infant), an abortion or an accidental transfusion with Rh-positive blood.
Abstract 974: New target discovery for oncology utilizing phenotypic selection and primary NSCLC patient tumors
Authors: Nicholas M. Holoweckyj, Alan Sandercock, Sandrine Guillard, Steven Rust, Carl Hay, Erin Brand, John Meekin, Qihui Huang, Kris Sachsenmeier, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Ralph Minter, Emma Bowden
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer, with approximately 222,000 new cases expected each year in the United States. Approximately 72% of the individuals diagnosed with lung cancer will fall victim to the disease. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, but current treatments will not cure the disease for most patients. In an effort to identify novel therapeutics to address this unmet need, a phenotypic screening campaign was initiated. This type of target identification approach allows the discovery of novel drug targets by selection of antibodies based on their ability to elicit a specific desired phenotype. Once antibodies with the desired function are isolated, the targets to which the “hit” antibodies bind can be identified using a variety of approaches including IP-mass spec. Although phenotypic screens have been performed previously, the current effort has important advantages over those described previously. Specifically, this included the use of several unique screening assays run in parallel to allow the evaluation of multiple phenotypes simultaneously. Also unique was the use of primary material from NSCLC patients for both selection and functional screening. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of primary tumor cells in high throughput screening assays. We show the utility of incorporating novel screening assays including anoikis and spheroids with multiple endpoint readouts. Finally we provide data describing a series of “hit” antibodies isolated in the screen which had a variety of activities across the screening assays. These studies show the utility of function-first screening in the identification of unique potential therapeutic targets for oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 974. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-974
Ombudsmen (Medical-Psychiatric) Rounds
Authors: JAMES J. STRAIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Ombudsmen rounds conducted jointly by a medical attending physician (ombudsman) and a psychiatrist bring the entire staff on each of the medical wards of Montefiore Hospital together weekly. An attempt is made to address both staff and patient needs on an inpatient medical service. Through group discussions and patient interviews, in which the patient has an opportunity to express his own feelings about his illness and his care, the staff becomes aware of the psychosocial issues that are universally evoked by illness and hospitalization. All staff members are also encouraged to relate their reactions to the patient and their interactions with each other. The ombudsmen-rounds concept maximizes the use of the internist and liaison psychiatrist, and makes psychosocial-medical teaching routine on the medical service in a contemporary teaching hospital where the practice of holistic medicine has been so difficult to implement.
Strategic, at a pan-Auchendreich level
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Cautiously optimistic as ever, our chief executive tried to sum up our day's work so far. There were things we all knew we needed to move forward on, and ideas for dealing with the issues around them within the balance of priorities we were trying to juggle; so real delivery was nearer than ever before, at least in low-fruit terms.

Our nursing director was suspicious of what she called a pitfall of the broad-brush approach, reminding …
THE BACTERIAL INDUCTION OF HOMOGRAFT SENSITIVITY
Authors: Felix T. Rapaport, Randolph M. Chase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Heat-killed strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus albus can induce in guinea pigs a state of altered reactivity to skin homografts which is indistinguishable from that which results from sensitization with homologous tissues or Group A streptococci. Challenge of suitably prepared recipients with first-set skin homografts obtained from unrelated randomly selected donors elicits white graft reactions or accelerated rejection of such grafts. Other bacteria tested included Lancefield streptococcal groups B, C, D, E, G, H, L, and O, pneumococcus Types II, III, XIV and a rough strain, Corynebacterium xerosis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, Neisseria catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and two human virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. None of these microorganisms was active in the induction of homograft sensitivity in the guinea pig. Pretreatment of recipients with Gram-negative bacterial suspensions was associated with a slight increase in the mean survival time of first-set skin homografts. Results of this study suggest the presence in staphylococci, as well as in Group A streptococci, of antigens related in their biologic effects to tissue transplantation antigens.
AIDS and Heterosexual Anal Intercourse
Authors: Bruce Voeller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their valuable report on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women, Guinan and Hardy<sup>1</sup>infer that heterosexual anal intercourse plays little part in the sexual spread of the AIDS virus (the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), a viewpoint editorially echoed in the same issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>2</sup>However, inasmuch as<i>receptive</i>anal intercourse carries the highest relative risk by far for homosexual men, we underestimate the practice among heterosexuals at some peril. Sex researchers, unlike most physicians, are familiar with data indicating that about one fourth of American women occasionally engage in anal intercourse and about 10% do so regularly for pleasure.<sup>3,4</sup>We find that such information is obtained from most women only after repeated personal interviews and development of strong trust in the interviewer.<sup>5</sup>Thus, standard medical or field interviews are unlikely to reveal such activity, reinforcing the mistaken impression that anal intercourse is
Detection of Elevated Plasma Levels of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Before Breast Cancer Diagnosis among Hormone Therapy Users
Authors: Sharon J. Pitteri, Lynn M. Amon, Tina Busald Buson, Yuzheng Zhang, Melissa M. Johnson, Alice Chin, Jacob Kennedy, Chee-Hong Wong, Qing Zhang, Hong Wang, Paul D. Lampe, Ross L. Prentice, Martin W. McIntosh, Samir M. Hanash, Christopher I. Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Applying advanced proteomic technologies to prospectively collected specimens from large studies is one means of identifying preclinical changes in plasma proteins that are potentially relevant to the early detection of diseases such as breast cancer. We conducted 14 independent quantitative proteomics experiments comparing pooled plasma samples collected from 420 estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer patients ≤17 months before their diagnosis and matched controls. Based on the more than 3.4 million tandem mass spectra collected in the discovery set, 503 proteins were quantified, of which 57 differentiated cases from controls with a P value of <0.1. Seven of these proteins, for which quantitative ELISA assays were available, were assessed in an independent validation set. Of these candidates, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was validated as a predictor of breast cancer risk in an independent set of preclinical plasma samples for women overall [odds ratio (OR), 1.44; P = 0.0008] and particularly for current users of estrogen plus progestin (E + P) menopausal hormone therapy (OR, 2.49; P = 0.0001). Among current E + P users, the EGFR sensitivity for breast cancer risk was 31% with 90% specificity. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of EGFR are insufficient for a clinically useful early detection biomarker, this study suggests that proteins that are elevated preclinically in women who go on to develop breast cancer can be discovered and validated using current proteomic technologies. Further studies are warranted to examine the role of EGFR and to discover and validate other proteins that could potentially be used for early detection of breast cancer.
Abstract of a Lecture on the Therapeutic Uses of Electricity
Authors: S. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1873)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Antiandrogens were shown to be effective in mild-tomoderate COVID-19 male patients, supported by the SARS-CoV-2 dependency on transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is solely modulated by androgens, for cell entry. While women with hyperandrogenism experiment more symptoms in COVID-19 compared to women without hyperandrogenism, and the chronic use of an antiandrogen seemed to mitigate these symptoms, whether the benefits would be observed in overall females is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of proxalutamide as a treatment for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in females. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm, parallel study on COVID-19 female outpatients, that compared the use of proxalutamide versus placebo. The primary outcome was hospitalization rates throughout 30 days after randomization. Patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 not hospitalized were recruited in two sites in Brasilia, Brazil, between January 4 and February 28, 2021, were randomized on a 2:3 ratio between proxalutamide and placebo, and were administered proxalutamide 200mg/day or placebo for seven days, in addition to usual care. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 177 women were randomized, including 75 in the proxalutamide arm and 102 patients in the placebo arm. None of the patients lost follow-up or discontinued treatment. The 30-day hospitalization rate was 2.7% in the proxalutamide arm and 18.6% in the placebo arm (p&lt;0.001), with a hospitalization risk ratio (RR) of 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03-0.59]. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings suggest that treatment of COVID-19 patients with proxalutamide in combination with standard of care was reduced hospitalization rate by 86% (p &lt; 0.001), with no safety concerns. (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04853134)
Electrosurgical Hazards In Laparoscopy
Authors: M. F. Deppen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The picture used in the letter illustrated types of telescope and forceps discontinued almost two years ago. In place of these items, we offer totally insulated forceps, nonconductive eyepieces, and fiberglass on all trocar sleeves. More than a year ago, we notified all known users of Wolf equipment that we would change eyepieces, insulate handles on the forceps, and put fiberglass on the trocar sleeves on all existing equipment. The laparoscope does not become electrically hot unless there is contact with the metal shaft of the instrument by the operating instrument as current is being applied. The insulating material on the forceps is the finest available for this application, and only heat from excessive electrical current put out by the misuse of high-frequency units employing the spark-gap principle will eventually cause an insulation breakdown. The connecting cables that we manufacture for use with our forceps have totally
New Population, New HIV Vaccine in Clinical Trials
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CLINICAL TRIALS of vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are picking up steam after a slow start. Officials at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, predict that the current phase I studies, which are designed to evaluate safety and immunogenicity, may be completed in a year. The first vaccine approved for clinical testing, based on gp160, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope precursor protein, and produced by MicroGeneSys, Inc, West Haven, Conn, went into trials in September. Since then the biotechnology firm, in conjunction with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Md, has been working to recruit 81 volunteers for phase I studies. The investigators have announced that they are looking for healthy seronegative homosexual men who will agree to practice safe sex with uninfected partners. The protocol specifies that the study population be assigned to four equal groups, each of which would receive
Comparison of Effects of Deoxycorticosterone and Dexamethasone on Cardiovascular Responses to Norepinephrine *
Authors: Phillip G. Schmid, John W. Eckstein, François M. Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Cardiovascular responses to graded iv infusions of norepinephrine were observed in 24 dogs that had been treated for 1 week with either placebo, dexamethasone, or deoxycorticosterone. Eight dogs served as control and received daily iv injections of placebo; eight dogs received the mineralocorticoid, deoxycorticosterone; and eight received the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. The three groups did not differ with respect to base-line hemodynamic variables either before administration of norepinephrine or after autonomic reflexes had been inhibited by ganglionic blockade. Comparisons of the three groups' hemodynamic responses to norepinephrine were made both before and after ganglionic blockade with the parallel line bioassay as a statistical test.
DENTAL FACULTIES IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Authors: RICHARD GRADY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There is a sentiment abroad that some dental schools have not the equipment of faculties and instructors that they should have. It is a prerequisite for admission to the National Association of Dental Faculties, that the applicant shall have the endorsement of the board of dental examiners of the State in which it is located; and it is the rule of the National Association of Dental Examiners that an application for recognition by that body must come from a member of the Association of Dental Faculties. "Dental schools are not being formed now from an educational necessity. Two impulses control this matter: 1, personal ambition to have a position in and be connected with a dental school, for the prominence it is supposed to give; and 2, a purely commercial spirit on the part of medical schools. Over 60 per cent, of our schools are appendages to medical institutions; and
TCT-523 Complete Coronary Occlusion of the Infarct-Related Artery in Patients Presenting with Acute Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Role of the GRACE risk score
Authors: Alexander Joost, Volkhard Kurowski, Marko Remmel, Julia Beyer, Sebastian Wolfrum, Heribert Schunkert, Peter Radke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
High-affinity neurotrophin receptors and ligands promote leukemogenesis
Authors: Zhixiong Li, Gernot Beutel, Mathias Rhein, Johann Meyer, Christian Koenecke, Thomas Neumann, Min Yang, Jürgen Krauter, Nils von Neuhoff, Michael Heuser, Helmut Diedrich, Gudrun Göhring, Ludwig Wilkens, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Arnold Ganser, Christopher Baum
Journal: Blood (2008)
[350] EFFECT OF STAT3 INHIBITOR PICEATANNOL ON HUMAN DENDRITIC CELL HOMEOSTASIS AND GROWTH OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN VITRO
Authors: V.R. Cicinnati, J. Kang, C.G. Klein, C.E. Broelsch, G. Gerken, S. Beckebaum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)