tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ability of the xid gene to prevent autoimmunity in (NZB X NZW)F1 mice during the course of their natural history, after polyclonal stimulation, or following immunization with DNA.
Authors: B J Steinberg, P A Smathers, K Frederiksen, A D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

F1 hybrid offspring of New Zealand Black mothers and New Zealand White fathers [(NZB X NZW)F1] female mice develop antibodies to single-stranded (ss) and native DNA, immune complex glomerulonephritis, massive proteinuria, and premature death with renal failure. By a series of matings, congenic (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid mice were prepared. These mice were different from (NZB X NZW)F1 mice in having the X chromosome-linked immune deficiency gene, xid, in homozygous form. Such congenic (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid females failed to develop antibodies to single-stranded or native DNA. They also failed to develop fatal renal disease as measured by proteinuria, glomerular histology, glomerular immunofluorescence, and survival. To control for unknown genetic factors, studies were performed with littermates that were derived by mating NZB . xid/+ females with NZW . xid/Y males such that the resulting offspring were either (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/xid (and therefore "defective") or (NZB X NZW)F1 . xid/+ [phenotypically like (NZB X NZW)F1]. In these and in additional studies, mice were housed in the same cages and identified by ear tagging so as to avoid possible environmental variations from cage to cage. In these studies, xid/xid mice failed to develop the characteristic signs of autoimmunity, whereas the controls did. Similar results were also obtained with (NZW X NZB)F1 xid/xid mice compared with (NZW X NZB)F1 xid/+ mice. The effect of xid/xid upon (NZB X NZW)F1 mice was further investigated by assessing responses to immunization and polyclonal B cell activation in vivo. The xid/xid mice failed to produce anti-ssDNA following immunization with ssDNA complexed to a protein carrier in fluid form or even emulsified in adjuvant. Finally, the xid/xid mice failed to produce antiDNA in response to multiple injections of the polyclonal activator, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or the polyclonal activator, polyribose inosinic acid . polyribose cytidylic acid. However, the xid/xid mice were neither generally hyporesponsive nor unable to recognize LPS because they made normal antibody responses following immunization with LPS to which multiple trinitrophenyl groups were chemically attached. We conclude from these studies that xid/xid, which is known to cause the deletion of a B cell subset, has a profound affect upon (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, rendering them insusceptible to the naturally occurring autoimmune disease characteristic of (NZB X NZW)F1 mice, and preventing them from producing antibodies to DNA despite purposeful immunization and polyclonal B cell activation. These results force a reevaluation of previous concepts regarding the mechanisms by which xid/xid might interfere with the development of autoimmunity, and a consideration of therapeutic implications.
Abstract 4909: Calcitriol and arsenic trioxide synergistically inhibited proliferation of HL-60 cell line mainly through apoptosis pathway
Authors: Ji-Yeon Bae, Ji-Won Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Yoojoo Lim, June Koo Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Sung-Soo Yoon, Seonyang Park, Byoung Kook Kim, Inho Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has shown substantial efficacy in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, since not all patients could achieve complete remission after As2O3 treatment, it is necessary to investigate a novel treatment method overcoming the resistance of current treatment. However, the therapeutic role of calcitriol against APL has not yet been fully elucidated. In our study, we investigated the anti-leukemic effect of calcitriol in combination with As2O3 on the human APL cell line HL-60. Inhibition of proliferation rate of HL-60 cells was measured by the trypan blue exclusion test was resulted in dose, time- dependent expressions. To evaluate the effects of combination treatment of As2O3 and calcitriol on the cell proliferation, we analyzed the combined effects of As2O3 and calcitriol using CalcuSyn software (BioSoft, Ferguson, MO, USA), which is based on the multiple drug-effect equation of Chou and Talalay (Chou TC, et al. Adv Enzyme Regul 1984): a combination index (CI) of &amp;lt;1, 1, or &amp;gt;1 is defined as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic, respectively. In all combinations, the CI values calculated were less than 1. To investigate the effects of these treatments on the apoptosis pathway, we analyzed the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Bcl-2 with the Western blot and the RT-PCR. In the Western blot analysis, lower Bcl-2 and higher Bax and Caspase-3 expressions were observed in the As2O3 or calcitriol-treated groups compared to the control group. The combination treatment decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax and Caspase-3 expressions more prominently than the single treatment using either As2O3 or calcitriol. In the RT-PCR analysis, these trends were validated again with the same results. These cells were then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), and analyzed with flow cytometry to differentiate whether the main cause of cell death was apoptosis or necrosis. To resultsze, calcitriol in combination with As2O3 synergistically inhibited proliferation of the human APL cell line HL-60. In addition, calcitriol combined with As2O3 more prominently activated the apoptosis pathway than single treatment using either calcitriol or As2O3. The main cause of cell death was also apoptosis. Our results suggest that these novel findings could be applied to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients with APL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4909. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4909
Pregnancy outcome after inadvertent ivermectin treatment during community-based distribution
Authors: M. Pacqué, B. Muñoz, G. Poetscke, J. Foose, H.R. Taylor, B.M. Greene
Journal: The Lancet (1990)

Ivermectin is the drug of choice for community-based treatment of onchocerciasis. Since pregnancy testing during mass distribution campaigns is not feasible, the safety of ivermectin in pregnancy must be established. During a 3-year study, ivermectin was distributed to the population of a rubber plantation (14 000 people) in Liberia. Only 31% of women were aware of their pregnancy status during the first month; it was calculated that about half of women in the first trimester of pregnancy are likely to be treated inadvertently. 203 children born to women inadvertently treated during pregnancy were identified. In this limited sample, there was no significant difference in birth defects between treated and untreated mothers in the same population or compared with a reference population. Children of treated and untreated mothers showed no difference in developmental status or disease patterns. Further surveillance is necessary; however, since no major effects of ivermectin on pregnancy outcome were detected, there seems no need to change existing strategies of ivermectin distribution.
Diagnosis of prosthetic mitral valve malfunction with combined echo-phonocardiography.
Authors: B R Brodie, W Grossman, L McLaurin, P J Starek, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Fifty-three patients were studied with combined echo-phonocardiography or phonocardiography alone following prosthetic valve replacement. In sixteen of these patients, clinical deterioration developed, and all subsequently underwent cardiac catheterization and/or surgery. Two patients came to autopsy. Included in this group of sixteen patients were five with obstructed prosthesis, six with paravalvular regurgitation, and five with left ventricular dysfunction. Measurements were made of the time interval from the aortic valve closure sound to the peak opening of the mitral prosthesis determined echocardiographically or to the mitral prosthetic opening click (A2-MVO). Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion were also performed. The A2-MVO interval was significantly shortened (P less than 0.01) with prosthetic valve obstruction (.05 +/- .02 sec) and paravalvular regurgitation (.05 +/- .01 sec) compared with normally functioning prostheses (Starr-Edwards ball valves .10 +/- .02 sec, Lillehei-Kaster tilting disc prostheses .09 +/- .01 sec). Shortening of this interval was not specific for these conditions because it was sometimes shortened with left ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiographic studies of left ventricular wall motion were helpful in distinguishing among prosthetic valve obstruction, paravalvular regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. The combined echo-phonocardiographic technique was especially helpful in detecting malfunction of tilting disc prostheses, because the technique enables measurement of the A2-MVO interval in the absence of an audible opening click.
Net gain for Arab health?
Authors: Yasser Shehata, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The internet remains a relatively new development within much of the Arab world. Although access and use are rapidly increasing, particularly amongst the young, it still figures relatively little in the day to day life of most Arabs. Where used, it is primarily for social reasons. Very few are likely to log on for health information and advice.

Given this background, the recent launch of Sehetna (www.sehetna.com), Jordan's first Arabic health portal, is therefore somewhat surprising. Also unusual for …
Pathogenesis of cholestatic hepatitis C
Authors: Geoffrey W. McCaughan, David G. Bowen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Recurrence of hepatitis C in the hepatic allograft occurs within 24h of reperfusion, but usually does not result in any HCV-specific pathology in the first three weeks post-transplantation [1]. Acute hepatitis (biochemical and histological) generally subsequently occurs in the first 3–4months, before the establishment of chronic hepatitis and its sequelae [1]. An uncommon variant of this early recurrence is a cholestatic injury termed cholestatic hepatitis C [2].
Increment of CD8S6F1 cells in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Y Ueki, K Eguchi, S Miyake, S Nagataki, Y Tominaga
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of CD8 cell subsets in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the phenotypes of T cells adherent or non-adherent to the target cells (endothelial cells and synovial cells) pre-treated with IL-1 beta. METHODS--The expression of S6F1 on CD8 cells and that of an activation marker on CD8 cells and CD8 cell subsets was evaluated in specimens of peripheral blood and synovial fluid obtained from 15 patients with RA and 10 with osteoarthritis (OA) using a two- or three-colour immunofluorescence method for analysis. RESULTS--The percentage of CD8S6F1 cells among CD8 cells in synovial fluid was significantly greater than that of peripheral blood. Synovial fluid from RA patients had a greater percentage of CD8S6F1 cells compared with either peripheral blood of matched patients or synovial fluid of OA patients. The percentage of CD8HLA-DR cells in synovial fluid was markedly greater than that in paired samples of peripheral blood in patients with RA. In the CD8S6F1 cells from both groups of patients, synovial fluid showed an increased percentage of HLA-DR cells compared with peripheral blood. Similar results were observed in CD8 cells lacking S6F1 expression (CD8S6F1-) from both groups of patients. There was no significant difference in the percentage of HLA-DR cells between CD8S6F1 and CD8S6F1- cell populations in peripheral blood. In contrast with peripheral blood, in synovial fluid of RA patients the percentage of HLA-DR cells in the CD8S6F1 cell population was markedly greater than that in the CD8S6F1- population. However, the percentage of HLA-DR cells in both cell populations was similar in synovial fluid of OA patients. In both the endothelial and the synovial cell adhesion assays, the percentage of CD8S6F1 among CD8 cells and the mean fluorescence intensity of S6F1 antigen on CD8S6F1 cells were significantly greater in the adherent T cell population than that in the non-adherent T cell population. CONCLUSION--These results suggest that increased expression of S6F1 antigen and the increased percentage of HLA-DR cells on CD8 cells in synovial fluid may be responsible for the migration of these cells into inflamed synovial tissues, and for cellular interactions between these cells and synovial cells or the extracellular matrix.
Avidity of anti-P aeruginosa antibodies during chronic infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: O. Ciofu, T. D Petersen, P. Jensen, N. Hoiby
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In order to study the impact on the lung function of patients with cystic fibrosis of the avidity of antipseudomonal antibodies, the avidity of antibodies against the chromosomal β-lactamase of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (aβab) and against the 60–65 kDa heat shock protein of <i>P aeruginosa</i> (anti-GroEL) were measured in serum samples collected longitudinally during chronic infection with <i>P aeruginosa </i>from a group of patients with poor and good lung function. <h3>METHODS</h3> The thiocyanate elution method in which the molarity of potassium thiocyanate required to elute 50% bound antibody under conditions of antigen excess in ELISA was used to measure the relative avidity. <h3>RESULTS</h3> All patients developed increasing levels of aβab and anti-GroEL antibodies during the follow up period but no maturation of the avidity of these antibodies was observed. In patients with good lung function the avidity of aβab was higher than in patients with poor lung function (p = 0.018). No significant difference in the avidity of the anti-GroEL antibodies was observed between the two groups of patients. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> In patients with cystic fibrosis a high avidity of aβab could contribute to a more efficient inhibition of the β-lactamase by these antibodies, resulting in the better lung function seen in this group. The immunopathological implication of the failure in avidity maturation of antibodies in chronic infection is discussed.
Hypokalemia periodic paralysis
Authors: B. H. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Androgen binding proteins of testis, epididymis, and plasma in man and monkey.
Authors: R A Vigersky, D L Loriaux, S S Howards, G B Hodgen, M B Lipsett, A Chrambach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Androgen-binding protein (ABP) has been found in the cytosol of testicular and epididymal homogenates of several sub-primate species. In those species which had the plasma androgen binding protein, testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG), ABP and TeBG were found to be physically similar. We investigated the possibility that ABP might exist in monkey and man using the cytosol of testicular and epididymal homogenates and aspirates obtained by direct micropuncture of the rete testis. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, pH 7.8, testicular and epididymal cytosols of monkey and man were found to contain several binding proteins of different size and net charge that bind dihydrotestosterone. These binding proteins were either indistinguishable from TeBG or could be related to TeBG as size and/or charge isomers. No ABP was detectable in up to 200 mul of monkey rete testis fluid obtained by direct micropuncture, though ABP is detectable in as little as 5 mul of rat rete testis fluid. The data suggest that the ABP's detected in the testicular and epididymal cytosols in monkey and man represent isomeric forms of plasma TeBG, and their presence in testicular cytosol most likely derives from blood contamination.
Recent Advances in Immunization Against Viral Diseases
Authors: JOSEPH STOKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The first Thorvald Madsen Memorial Lecture commemorates the 100th anniversary, 18 February 1970, of Madsen's birth. The nature of his work at the State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, and as President of the Health Section, League of Nations (now WHO), particularly in the control of infectious diseases, is memorialized by this overview of viral diseases that produce permanent or semipermanent immunity. Emphasis is placed on the use of attenuation of certain viruses to produce an image of immunity to the natural diseases by greatly modified infections with mitigation of the severe symptoms. Particular attention is given to the work of the author and his colleagues on attenuated virus vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella, and on the use of a single injection of combined dual vaccines (measles and mumps, mumps and rubella) and of a combined triple vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella). Denmark's contribution to the comity of nations and Thorvald Madsen's share in that contribution are stressed.
Abstract 5021: Physical health scores and breast cancer outcomes in the ABC Pooling Project
Authors: John P. Pierce, Shirley W. Flatt, Loki Natarajan, Xiao O. Shu, Sarah Nechuta, Wei Lu, Bette Caan, Wendy Y. Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Of the two health-related quality of life domains measured by the SF-36 (mental health and physical health), the physical health score (PHS) has been associated with all cause mortality, and recently with additional breast cancer events. This PHS includes subscales for self-perceived physical functioning, general health, bodily pain, and role limitations due to physical problems and is known to be a marker for a number of co-morbidities. Methods: Three of the four cohorts that form the After Breast Cancer (ABC) Pooling Project measured health-related quality of life using the SF-36 after cancer diagnosis. These cohorts were the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), and the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study (SBCSS). Using Cox proportional hazards models controlled for cancer stage and grade, we examined the relationship between PHS with disease-free and overall survival in 9387 early stage (I-III) breast cancer survivors. The post-diagnosis SF-36 measurement took place between 1991 and 2006 and the median follow-up time was 7.8 years. Poor physical health was defined as a non-normalized score of 76.4 as previously published by the WHEL study. We also report the association between PH and co-morbidities. Results: The pooled HR (95% CI) for additional breast cancer events was 1.27(1.12, 1.44) with significant findings in each of the two US cohorts: Nurses’ Health Study 1.31(1.07-1.61) and WHEL study 1.28(1.08-1.51). A similar effect size was seen in SBCSS only, with the measurement taken during or immediately after cancer treatment. However, mostly likely due to the much shorter follow-up in this study, it did not reach statistical significance (HR=1.22 95% CI 0.80-1.86). In all cohorts, low PHS was strongly associated with higher BMI. In overweight/obese WHEL participants, low compared to adequate PHS scores were significantly associated with much lower levels of physical activity (p&amp;lt;.0001), 64% higher reported insomnia, a 50% higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and a twofold higher prevalence of arthritis. Conclusion: The importance of the PHS as a predictor of future breast cancer events and overall survival appears to be confirmed in these observational studies. Interventions to improve the PHS and prognosis might target weight control, physical activity and sleep management. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5021. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5021
Observations on Sludging
Authors: Harold D. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

To the Editor: The article by Comer and Fred in the September 10, 1964, issue of the Journal was most provocative. This concerned the recognition, with the use of the + 40 lens of the ordinary ophthalmoscope, of certain vascular changes in the bulbar conjunctiva of patients with sickle-cell anemia. It occurred to me that this very technic would provide a remarkably simple and available bedside tool for studying intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes (sludging), a phenomenon that the authors of the paper cited above were at pains to differentiate from the vascular changes of sickle-cell disease. I have therefore examined . . .
UK's attempt to provide free personal care for most vulnerable is defeated in House of Lords
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Plans by the United Kingdom’s Labour government to provide free personal care at home for the most vulnerable older people in England have been dealt what may be a fatal blow by the House of Lords.

Peers defeated the government four times on the Personal Care at Home Bill, voting through an amendment that would delay implementation until an independent study into costing had been carried out, and a sunset clause that would cause the bill to lapse after two years unless implemented in the meantime.

The Lords also supported an amendment that would require a debate in …
Antibodies to cultured rat heart cells in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R More, Z Stern, Y Galon, A Laufer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Since heart lesions occur in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sera from these patients were tested with an indirect fluorescent technique for antibodies reactive with rat heart cell cultures. Of 27 sera 22 had reactivity with non-muscle (nM) cells and 3 reacted with cultured beating muscle cells (M). Positive sera reactive with nM cells exerted complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity towards M cells. The nM antibodies were found to belong predominantly to the IgG class. They displayed no cross-reactivity with bovine collagen, human and bovine serum proteins, or human and sheep red blood cells. The relationship of these antibodies to the pathogenesis of RA heart lesions remains to be determined.