tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of leukaemia in young people in the vicinity of Hinkley Point nuclear power station, 1959-86.
Authors: P. D. Ewings, C. Bowie, M. J. Phillips, S. A. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The incidence of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in young people (aged under 25) living in a predefined area around the nuclear power station at Hinkley Point, Somerset, was examined for the period 1959-86 by using cancer registry data. During the period since Hinley Point began operations--that is, 1964-86--there were 19 cases in the area compared with 10.4 expected from national rates, giving a standardised registration ratio of 1.82 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.85). The incidence in the rest of Somerset was also high, however (standardised registration ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.41), and the high rate around Hinkley Point may simply have been reflecting the high local incidence (ratio of the two standardised registration ratio's 1.54; 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 2.52). Analysis of predetermined five year periods showed that the excess cases in the Hinkley Point area were concentrated in the 10 years 1964-73 after commissioning of the station, at a time when rates in the rest of Somerset were close to the national average. In particular the nine cases occurring in the five years 1969-73 were about four times the number expected from national rates (standardised registration ratio 3.96; 95% confidence interval 1.81 to 7.52). Rates in the Hinkley Point area after 1973 were fairly low, especially as compared with the rest of Somerset. In the five years 1959-63 (that is, before Hinkley Point was commissioned) rates throughout Somerset (including the Hinkley Point area) were higher than the national rate. These findings should be interpreted with caution, and further studies are required to test the plausibility of theories relating to radiation and viruses.
Abstract 1110: Effect of miR-29 on cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Pei-Ning Yu, Wen-Chi Lin, Chih-Chi Kuo, Rui-Lan Huang, Ming-De Yan, Yu-Lueng Shih, Yu-Ching Chou, Hung-Cheng Lai, Ya-Wen Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In clinical practice, the main dilemma to a successful ovarian cancer therapy is the development of drug resistance. The mounting evidence demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) not only controlled cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis but also therapeutic resistance of ovarian cancer cell. Recently, we isolated CP70sps(CP70 side population spheres) from CP70 ovarian cancer cell line and proved that CP70sps exhibited more resistant to cisplatin than CP70. This phenomenon was correlated to other study which supported that side population of cancer cells was responsible for chemoresistance. In this study, we compared the expression of miRNAs between CP70sps and CP70 to investigate the role of miRNAs in cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Our miRNA array and quantitative RT-PCR data showed that CP70sps expressed lower level of miR-29a/b/c family than CP70 cells and CP70sps4wks cells which were repopulation of CP70sps in attached condition. After knockdown of miR-29a/b/c family by miRNA inhibitors, reduction of miR-29a/b/c family enhanced cisplatin resistance of CP70 cells. However, there was no effect on cell cycle and proliferation rate in both CP70 cells and A2780, a parental cisplatin-sensitive cell line of CP70 cells. Downregulation of miR-29a/b/c family contributed cells to escape cisplatin-induced cell death through COL1A1 upregulation. Moreover, reduction of miR-29a/b/c increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and GSK3β to transduce survival signaling and reduced active form casepase-9 to avoid cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that either ectopic expression of miR-29 alone or combination of miR-29 with cisplatin treatment efficaciously reduced tumorigenicity of CP70 cells in immunodeficiency mice. Finally, we ascertained that the ovarian cancer patients with high expression of miR-29a had better overall survival rate. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the miR-29 family was a sensitizer for cisplatin treatment and might be associated with tumorigenecity of ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1110. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1110
Bronchogenic Carcinoma Simulating; Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Irving Karten
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A PATIENT with carcinoma of the lung who develops symmetrical swollen joints is usually suspected of having hypertrophie osteoarthropathy. The swollen joints can precede lung symptoms by many months and may be early signs of the presence of lung cancer. However, arthralgias which may also be present due to skeletal metastases do not usually produce the polyarticular rheumatoid symptoms typical of hypertrophie osteoartliropathy. This report presents a case of bronchogenic carcinoma in which the unusual occurrence of metastatic deposits in the fingers and knee was associated with a clinical picture resembling rheumatoid arthritis. Report of a Case A 59-year-old former longshoreman was admitted to the emergency ward of Bellcvue Hospital because of severe dyspnea of 5 hours' duration. He had had hypertension for 20 years and dyspnea on exertion for 6 years. For 6 weeks prior to admission he had orthopnea and a cough productive of bloody sputum. Physical examination
Restoration of Normal Intracardiac Pressures after Extensive Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: D. P. FITZPATRICK, E. M. WYSO, L. H. BOSHER, D. W. RICHARDSON
Journal: Circulation (1962)

In each of seven patients studied by cardiac catheterization more than 2 weeks after extensive pericardiectomy, performed because of constrictive pericarditis, normal right heart pressure-pulse contours were demonstrated. The extensiveness of pericardial removal seems the most likely explanation for the normal catheterization findings, which contrast with demonstration by other workers of persistence for periods up to 2 years of the "W"-shaped atrial pressures and high end-diastolic ventricular pressures characteristic of pericardial constriction. Clinical findings, abnormal right heart pressures, and surgical considerations are presented for a total of 11 patients with constrictive pericarditis who were subjected to pericardiectomy between 1955 and 1960.
1130. A Single-Component CD40-Targeted Adenoviral Vector for Efficient Transduction and Activation of Cutaneous Dendritic Cells
Authors: Nikolay Korokhov, Sam C. Noureddini, David T. Curiel, Saskia J. A. M. Santegoets, Rik J. Scheper, Tanja D. de Gruijl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor vaccination usually involves the administration of ex vivo generated autologous DC. Transduction of DC by viral vectors in vivo has been proposed as a more standardized, and easily clinically applicable approach. Previously, we have employed retargeting approaches to route adenoviral (Ad) vectors via the CD40 pathway as a means to circumvent the paucity of the Ad5 virus's primary receptor (CAR), on the surface of DC and to selectively target DC in situ. CD40-targeted Ad-mediated transduction of DC has been successfully realized through the use of bispecific adapter proteins. With these CD40-targeted Ad complexes we have shown an enhanced and more selective transduction as well as a simultaneous CD40-dependent maturation of DC. However, these approaches required the production of several components followed by physical association to form targeted vector complexes. Evidently for those techniques the presence of an excess of free targeting ligands in analyzed samples leaves open questions about the causal component of DC activation and the ability of targeting ligands as integral components of viral particles to induce this process with similar efficiency. Direct incorporation of the TNF-like domain of human CD40L into the Ad capsid, preserving the targeting ability of the genetically modified Ad vector, now allows us to answer these questions and offers a single-component targeted vector for direct clinical application. In the present study, we evaluate the ability of this vector to deliver transgenes in a stringent human substrate system. We report the capacity of this CD40-targeted vector to infect, with high efficiency, cutaneous DC resident in human skin explants, while simultaneously inducing their activation and maturation. This latest generation of single-component, fully targeted vectors should make feasible the clinical testing of in vivo DC-targeted vaccines.
How not to do things
Authors: Rajendra Kale
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The only thing I don't like about HINARI is its name. HINARI stands for Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative. I can't tell from the name that it is about meeting the information needs of researchers in developing countries. Notwithstanding its name HINARI is a success story that surprised even its organisers (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39293.711088.DE). It has inspired the world's leading publishers, the World Health Organization, Microsoft, Yale University, two individuals (Maurice Long and Barbara Aronson), and others to form a network in 113 poor countries and 2500 institutions that provides free access in these countries to 80% of Medline …
The critical early proinflammatory events associated with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in irradiated murine allogeneic recipients are due to donor T cell infusion and potentiated by cyclophosphamide.
Authors: A Panoskaltsis-Mortari, P A Taylor, T M Yaeger, O D Wangensteen, P B Bitterman, D H Ingbar, D A Vallera, B R Blazar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have hypothesized that lung damage occurring in the peri-bone marrow transplant (BMT) period is critical for the subsequent generation of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS), a major complication following human BMT. The proinflammatory events induced by a common pre-BMT conditioning regimen, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan(R)) (Cy) and total body irradiation, were analyzed in a murine BMT model. Electron microscopy indicated that Cy exacerbated irradiation-induced epithelial cell injury as early as day 3 after BMT. Allogenicity was an important contributing factor to lung injury as measured by lung wet and dry weights and decreased specific lung compliance. The most significant pulmonary dysfunction was seen in mice receiving both allogeneic T cells and Cy conditioning. IPS was associated with an influx of T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils early post-BMT. Hydroxyproline levels were not increased, indicating that the injury was not fibrotic early post-BMT. As early as 2 h after chemoradiation, host macrophages increased in number in the lung parenchyma. Continued increases in macrophages occurred if splenic T cells were administered with the donor graft. The expression of costimulatory B7 molecules correlated with macrophage numbers. Frequencies of cells expressing mRNA for the inflammatory proteins TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and TGFbeta were increased. Cy accelerated the upregulation of TGFbeta and increase in host macrophages. The exacerbation of macrophage activation and severity of IPS was dependent on allogeneic T cells, implicating immune-mediated mechanisms as critical to the outcome of IPS. This demonstration of early injury after BMT indicates the need for very early therapeutic intervention before lung damage becomes profound and irreversible.
Prejudice against doctors and students from ethnic minorities
Authors: S. Bhate
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Prejudice against doctors and students from ethnic minorities SIR,-As Dr Richard Smith states (7 February, p 328), doctors trained overseas have been dis- advantaged in competing for jobs in the National Health Service.The study by Smith in 1980 proved this beyond any measure of doubt.'The profession's concern about the competence of many such doctors led to the recommendations of the Merrison Committee, in 1975, which required a substantial proportion ofoverseas doctors to take the Professional and Linguistic Assessment Board examination (PLAB), a test of professional com- petence at the level of senior house officer and of formal and colloquial English.
Minoxidil in Scleroderma With Hypertension
Authors: John H. Felts
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Gavras and his associates 1 without naming the agent have suggested that a new potent vasodilator might be given in combination with β-adrenergic blockade to patients with what might be called malignant scleroderma because of the acute hypertensive process characteristic of the disease. We report our experience with such a patient given propranolol and minoxidil.  Report of a Case.—  A 47-year-old man was hospitalized May 6, 1976, because of a flu-like syndrome and hypertension for a month. During the preceding year he had been abnormally sensitive to cold, and dry gangrene had developed on the tips of his right thumb and first and second fingers. When seen by us, he exhibited a grade 4 Keith-Waggoner hypertensive retinopathy, cardiomegaly, evidence of Raynaud's phenomenon, microangiopathic anemia, thrombocytopenia, nephrotic syndrome (24-hour proteinuria was 6.8 g), and creatinine clearance of 3 ml/min. Before treatment his blood pressure hovered at 220/130 mm
Drug Lag in the United States
Authors: Ernest L. Lonbay
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  A TRENDS IN THERAPY article (231:635, 1975) implied that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) is a new introduction to the US medical profession. It was launched here in Britain in 1968, and seven years of usage have confirmed its invaluable and by-and-large danger-free contribution to medicine.  I am reminded that only a year or so ago it was possible to read American papers on the treatment of asthma without any mention of cromolyn sodium (Aarane, Intal), which revolutionized asthma treatment here from its introduction in 1968.  Seven years seems too long for the benefit of these drugs to be withheld from US patients. Whatever the reason, should not efforts be made to improve the situation?
Hemodynamics and wall shear rate in the abdominal aorta of dogs. Effects of vasoactive agents.
Authors: K C White, J F Kavanaugh, D M Wang, J M Tarbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Vasoactive drugs are known to affect impedance (pressure/flow) and vessel wall motion in arteries. The nonlinear theory of oscillatory flow in straight elastic vessels indicates that wall shear rate is affected by changes in impedance phase angle and wall motion. To test whether wall shear rate depends on impedance phase angle and wall motion in vivo, wall shear rate was measured in the abdominal aorta of anesthetized dogs by using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer, and the hemodynamic state was characterized by pressure, flow, and vessel dimension measurements. Vasodilators (nitroprusside and isoproterenol) and vasoconstrictors (angiotensin II and norepinephrine) were administered acutely, and the responses of wall shear rate and hemodynamics were determined. In the control state (no drugs), peak wall shear rate was 1835 +/- 153 s-1 (mean +/- SEM). The vasodilators induced large increases in impedance phase angle and wall motion concomitant with large increases in peak wall shear rate (62.4 +/- 20.4% for nitroprusside and 68.9 +/- 28.3% for isoproterenol), which were not predicted accurately by Womersley's theory of oscillatory flow in a rigid vessel or the nonlinear theory of oscillatory flow in an elastic vessel, with measured flow and vessel dimension used as inputs. The vasoconstrictors induced small decreases in impedance phase angle and wall motion and small changes in peak wall shear rate (increase, 30.5 +/- 8.0% for norepinephrine; decrease, 18.2 +/- 7.1% for angiotensin II), which were predicted accurately by Womersley's theory. The present study shows that vasoactive drugs, particularly vasodilators, can have significant effects on wall shear rate (stress) in the abdominal aorta that appear to be related to changes in impedance phase angle and vessel wall motion. However, the effects on wall shear rate are not predicted accurately by straight-tube theory.
London vaccination summit offers "unprecedented opportunity to save millions of lives"
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI) is holding a pledging conference in London on 13 June, hosted by Prime Minister David Cameron, in an attempt to raise $3.7bn (£2.26bn; €2.53bn) to scale up immunisation programmes between now and 2015.

Despite substantial progress made in reducing childhood mortality, the alliance says that nearly two million children die each year from diseases that could be prevented by vaccines. Most of these deaths occur in low income countries. Pneumonia and diarrhoea are the two leading killers, causing nearly 40% of all childhood deaths.

GAVI says the conference is an “unprecedented opportunity to save millions of lives” because, if fully funded, it will be able to immunise over 243 million children in the poorest countries with vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), hepatitis …
Disrupted Ventromedial Prefrontal Function, Alcohol Craving, and Subsequent Relapse Risk
Authors: Dongju Seo, Cheryl M. Lacadie, Keri Tuit, Kwang-Ik Hong, R. Todd Constable, Rajita Sinha
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing illness; stress, alcohol-related cues, and neutral-relaxing states significantly influence craving and relapse risk. However, neural mechanisms underlying the association between these states and alcohol craving and relapse risk remain unclear. <h3>Objectives</h3> To identify neural correlates associated with alcohol craving and relapse outcomes in 45 treatment-engaged, 4- to 8-week abstinent alcohol-dependent (AD) patients, and to compare brain responses of 30 demographically matched AD patients and 30 healthy control subjects during stress, alcohol, and neutral-relaxing cues. <h3>Design</h3> Functional magnetic resonance imaging study while participants were engaging in brief individualized script-driven imagery trials of stress, alcohol cues, and neutral-relaxing scenarios, and a prospective clinical outcome design to assess alcohol relapse 90 days postdischarge from inpatient treatment in the AD group. <h3>Settings</h3> Inpatient treatment setting in a community mental health center and hospital-based research unit. <h3>Patients</h3> Forty-five recovering AD patients in inpatient treatment for examining relapse, and 30 healthy control subjects demographically matched to 30 AD patients (subgroup of the relapse sample) for group comparisons. <h3>Intervention</h3> Twelve-step recovery–based addiction treatment for the patient group. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Brain response, alcohol craving, and relapse outcome measures (time to relapse and relapse severity). <h3>Results</h3> Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation during neutral-relaxing trials was correlated with high alcohol cue–induced and stress-induced craving in early recovering AD patients (x = 6, y = 43, z = −6;<i>P</i> &lt; .01, whole-brain corrected). This vmPFC/ACC hyperactivity significantly predicted subsequent alcohol relapse, with a hazards ratio greater than 8 for increased relapse risk. Additionally, vmPFC/ACC hyperactivation during neutral trials and reduced activity during stress trials were each predictive of greater days of alcohol used after relapse (<i>P</i> &lt; .01, whole-brain corrected). In contrast, matched control subjects showed the reverse pattern of vmPFC/ACC responses to stress, alcohol cues, and relaxed trials (<i>F</i> = 6.42;<i>P</i> &lt; .01, whole-brain corrected). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Findings indicate that disrupted vmPFC/ACC function plays a role in jeopardizing recovery from alcoholism and may serve as a neural marker to identify those at risk for alcohol relapse.
ALK/EML4 Fusion Gene May Be Found in Pure Squamous Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Anna Caliò, Alessia Nottegar, Eliana Gilioli, Emilio Bria, Sara Pilotto, Umberto Peretti, Stefania Kinspergher, Francesca Simionato, Serena Pedron, Sakari Knuutila, Giampaolo Tortora, Albino Eccher, Antonio Santo, Luca Tondulli, Giorgio Inghirami, Fabrizio Tabbò, Guido Martignoni, Marco Chilosi, Aldo Scarpa, Matteo Brunelli
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Pindolol acts as beta-adrenoceptor agonist in orthostatic hypotension.
Authors: G Nyberg
Journal: BMJ (1981)

finding of increased calcitonin concentrations in postmenopausal women by Cundy et a17 has not been confirmed.The same authors have recently reported that calcitonin in very low doses appears to have a definite effect on the skeleton.'Their suggestion that calcitonin remains a hormone seeking a function in man now seems increasingly naive.
Stat3 and MMP7 Contribute to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Initiation and Progression
Authors: Akihisa Fukuda, Sam C. Wang, John P. Morris, Alexandra E. Folias, Angela Liou, Grace E. Kim, Shizuo Akira, Kenneth M. Boucher, Matthew A. Firpo, Sean J. Mulvihill, Matthias Hebrok
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Not Just Pecs, Great Pecs: Feisty, Fast-Draw Feminist in Model Muddle-Reply
Authors: Ron Stanton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  The picture in question is that of a male torso, not a female. All of our advertising is reviewed by physicians prior to use to ensure that it is both medically accurate and in good taste. The male torso was chosen to illustrate the attributes of our product. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused.
THE SITE OF ACTION OF THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS ALPHA TOXIN
Authors: Alan P. Thal, Willadene Egner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

The present study concerns the site of action of the staphylococcus alpha toxin. This powerful necrotizing agent produced by pathogenic strains of staphylococcus is very probably important in the pathogenesis of localized staphylococcus disease and in the shock-like picture sometimes associated with staphylococcus septicemia. Our previous studies had suggested that the toxin has a selective effect on vascular smooth muscle. In investigating this problem further, the following observations were made. 1. The toxin produces an immediate hyperperistalsis and sustained increase in intraluminal tension progressing ultimately to atony and flaccid paralysis in the isolated smooth muscle preparation. 2. The addition of specific antitoxin prior to exposure to toxin prevents this reaction. However, when antitoxin is added after the toxin, no ameliorating effect is seen. 3. The toxin is rapidly and irreversibly bound to its substrate since washing the bowel segment 30 seconds after exposure to toxin fails to change the course of the reaction. 4. Vena caval segments exposed to toxin exhibit a similar initial rise in intraluminal tension followed by flaccid paralysis at which point they no longer respond to epinephrine stimulation. 5. When the toxin is infiltrated in the neighborhood of muscular blood vessels in the living rabbit selective necrosis of smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls is seen. 6. The selective effect on smooth muscle is emphasized by the failure of the toxin to affect the contractility of skeletal and cardiac muscle. 7. Perfusion of the isolated kidney and heart produces an increased resistance to flow after toxin is added to the perfusate. 8. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture exposed to high concentration of toxin for 2 hours are unaffected in their ability to recover and metabolise. This is in marked contrast to the effect on the smooth muscle preparation. The probability that the toxic effect on smooth muscle cells explains some of the local and systemic effects of staphylococcus infection is discussed.