tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocrine effects of adjuvant letrozole versus tamoxifen in hormone responsive postmenopausal early breast cancer patients: results from the HOBOE randomized trial.
Authors: A Morabito, E Rossi, F Di Rella, G Esposito, A Gravina, V Labonia, G Landi, F Nuzzo, C Pacilio, E De Maio, M Piccirillo, G De Feo, G D'Aiuto, G Botti, C Gallo, F Perrone, A de Matteis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1150 Purpose. We compared the endocrine effects of 6 and 12 months of adjuvant letrozole versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with hormone responsive early breast cancer, within an ongoing phase 3 trial (HOrmonal adjuvant treatment BOne Effects – HOBOE, ClinicalTrial.gov id: NCT00412022).&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods. Patients were randomised to receive tamoxifen or letrozole ± zoledronate. Serum values of 17-b-estradiol, FSH, LH, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-solphate, progesterone, and cortisol were measured at baseline, after 6 and 12 months of treatment. For each hormone, baseline, 6 and 12-month values were compared between treatment groups, by the exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.&amp;#x2028; Results. At December 31, 2006, 157 postmenopausal patients had been enrolled into the study; baseline data were available for 139 patients (88.5%), 43 assigned to tamoxifen and 96 assigned to letrozole. Median age was 61 and 62 years in the two groups, respectively. Baseline values were similar between the two groups for all hormones. At 6 and 12 months, levels of 17-b-estradiol were significantly lower with letrozole as compared with tamoxifen (p=0.0003 and p&amp;lt;0.0001, respectively). Patients treated with letrozole also showed higher levels of progesterone and testosterone at 6 (p=0.001 and p=0.01, respectively) and 12 months (p=0.004 and p=0.02, respectively) than those treated with tamoxifen. FSH and LH were lower (all p&amp;lt;0.0001 for both hormones), while cortisol was higher (p=0.003 at 6 and 0.001 at 12 months) with tamoxifen than with letrozole.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting on endocrine effects of letrozole as adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal early breast cancer and allowing a prospective comparison with tamoxifen. Adjuvant letrozole and tamoxifen result in significantly distinct endocrine effects. Such differences can explain the higher efficacy of letrozole as compared to tamoxifen. Long-term impact needs to be studied. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1150.
A Lecture on the Functional Cardiac Murmurs of Anaemia
Authors: B. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1883)

customary inielude term functional murmurs all 'which murmur depends upon temporary and curable conditions, which no distinct alteration in the valvular mechanism (it would, perhaps, be more correct to say in the valvulax segments) after death.Functional murmurs are always systolic time, and are generally heard at the base of the heart, commonly the left of the sternum, in the second interspace, i.e., region of the pulmonary artery.They are also heard aortic, mitral, and tricuspid areas.exact significance and mode of production of the functional murmurs, which are audible at the base of the heart, have given great debate, are among the most unsettled points in pathology.divides the so-called functional murmurs into two great groups, which he respectively terms hmmic and dynamic.Under former,places " murmurs originating within the heart and dependent upon an unnatural state of the blood ;" while, under the latter, includes "murmurs which result from abnormal action on part the heart," the proper valvular mechanism being healthy.And this division indicates the two great causes of functional mur- murs, viz.: (1) djfectivc muscular action allowing of mitral and tri- cuspid regurgitation; and (2) an altered condition of the blood, probably aids, at least, in the production of the pulmonarv murmurs which are met with in conditions of anmemia.it will be necessary to consider the subject in more detail.Anmmia, particularly those formsof anmmia (such as chlorosis, progressive pernicious anzemia, etc.) in which there is defective blood, is the chief clinical condition in which func- endocardial murmurs occur.Now, in cases of this description,
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 enhances expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 following ischemia-reperfusion of the liver in rats
Authors: Yasuo Yamaguchi, Fujio Matsumura, Motohiro Takeya, Osamu Ichiguchi, Jun-Ichi Kuratsu, Tadashi Horiuchi, Eiji Akizuki, Teishi Matsuda, Kazutoshi Okabe, Hajime Ohshiro, Jian Liang, Katsutaka Mori, Shinwa Yamada, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Michio Ogawa
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is important in neutrophil-dependent injury. We investigated the effects of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) produced by Kupffer cells on ICAM-1 expression after ischemia-reperfusion in rat liver by occluding the portal vein for 30 minutes. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 increased persistently. By Northern analysis, MCP-1 mRNA increased early and persisted. Kupffer cells harvested 6 hours after reperfusion also expressed this transcript. The transcript and protein also were produced by Kupffer cells from naive controls in response to reactive oxygen species. ICAM-1 mRNA transcripts increased, peaked 3 hours after reperfusion, and decreased gradually thereafter. The level of ICAM-1 mRNA transcripts in the WK-5 rat endothelial cell line were markedly enhanced by MCP-1. These results suggest that MCP-1 released by Kupffer cells early after ischemia-reperfusion modulates neutrophil-dependent tissue injury via ICAM-1.
Abstract 3266: Alpha2 and beta-adrenergic action on human breast cancer cells growing in nude mice
Authors: Cecilia Pérez Piñero, Frank Entschladen, Isabel Alicia Lüthy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer, the most common cancer amid women in the majority of countries, is among the most stressful of diseases. The principal effectors of the stress system include the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. The catecholamines bind to α1-, α2- and β-adrenoceptors (AR). Our group has recently described α2-adrenoceptors in human tumor and non-tumor breast cell lines by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, immunocytochemistry and binding assays. Moreover, the stimulation by α2-adrenoceptor agonists was associated with increased cell proliferation and tumor growth. On the other hand, we observed a reduction in tumor growth when the animals are treated with the pharmacological α2-antagonist RAUWOLSCINE (RAW). The expression of β2-AR has been described in different experimental models for breast cancer. The aims of the present work were: to assess the effect of β-adrenergic compounds in the human breast cancer cell lines growing in nude mice (IBH-4 and IBH-6); to study the migration potential of these cell lines using video microscopy in three dimensional collagen lattices knowing that migration of tumor cells is a prerequisite for invasion and metastasis development. The daily administration of 1,2mg/kg of the SALBUTAMOL (SALB) significantly diminished tumor growth. The same result was seen when using the α2-antagonist RAW (0,5mg/kg). As an example for tumor IBH-4 treated with SALB, on day 20: 444.16 ± 76.59mm3 vs. 843.40 ± 189.41 mm3, p&amp;lt;0.05; RAW on day 24: 775.04 ± 68.12mm3 vs 1237.84 ± 134.97mm3 p&amp;lt;0.01. Tumor IBH-6, on day 21: SALB: 125.40 ± 25.42mm3 vs. 579.40 ± 207.96mm3 p&amp;lt;0.01. The combined treatment of SALB + RAW did not exert any synergic or additive effect compared with each independent treatment. ERK phosphorylation is in agreement with tumor growth results. When analyzing the migration potential of the cells in response to adrenergic stimulation by three dimension video microscopy in collagen lattices, cell migration was decreased when the cells were treated with RAW, SALB and PROP and increased when treated with epinephrine. The migratory activity for each treatment was calculated as the portion of cells which was locomotory active (% locomoting cells). We conclude that both RAW, acting as α2-AR antagonist and SALB, acting through β-AR, inhibit tumor growth. Regarding cell migration, the results are promising and in agreement with the in vivo experiments. These compounds, devoid of serious side-effects, could eventually be employed to inhibit tumor growth. In the future, it might be useful to analyse the metastatic potential of the cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3266.
The Lumleian Lectures on the Sequels of Diseases: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, March 24th, 1896
Authors: D. Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1896)

LECTURE II.[PRESSURE on our space has compelled us to abridge some p ortions of this lecture, and we have therefore omitted the Drief remarks the lecturer devoted to the sequels of variola, parotitis, pertussis, erysipelas, dengue, epidemic cerebro- spinal meningitis
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis Resulting in Megacolon
Authors: Robert C. Shamberger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE TERM "scleroderma" retains general usage despite the well-known involvement by this disease of organs other than the skin. Goetz,<sup>1</sup>in 1945, first proposed its replacement by "progressive systemic sclerosis." The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is not spared, and esophageal disease initially seen as dysphagia or reflux is one of its most typical features. Small-intestinal involvement has also received its share of attention of late, with recognition of pseudo-obstruction, malabsorption, and diarrhea as possible manifestations. Characteristic radiological features have been described in the colon, and constipation may be a troublesome complaint in some patients. Rarely, however, does colonic involvement require more than symptomatic treatment. We report a case of progressive systemic sclerosis in which the GI tract was the major site of involvement and in which progressive colonic disease produced megacolon requiring resection, a previously unreported complication, to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old man was admitted to
A Short Textbook of Medicine.
Authors: J. Calvin Davis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The authors have attempted to provide the student with an "inexpensive short textbook... a convenient and expendable manual of current medical practice rather than a large and comprehensive work 'which he can use all his life.' " Justification for their unique effort is the rapidity with which scientific texts seem out of date. Although the book is not intended as a substitute for standard references, it is a broad survey with enough emphasis on recent developments to be of value to the practitioner and student alike. To the stated aim of writing "of medicine as we have seen it and practiced it" the authors bring the virtues of clinical proficiency and literary excellence. Anyone who sees patients will recognize a familiar pattern in the organization and classification of disease; and the descriptions of physical findings will be of interest to experienced clinicians. The style is exemplary in its clarity and economy
Recurrent episodes of hemiparesis and aphasia
Authors: R. Nandhagopal, A. Al-Asmi, G. R. Arunodaya, P. C. Jacob, F. Al-Azri
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> COVID-19 has emerged as global medical emergency in recentdecades. The spread scenario of this pandemic has shown many variations. Keeping all this in mind, this article is written after various studies and analysis on the latest data on COVID-19 spread, which also includes the demographic and environmental factors. After gathering data from various resources, all data are integrated and passed into different Machine Learning Models to check the fit. Ensemble Learning Technique,Random Forest, gives a good evaluation score on the test data. Through this technique, various important factors are recognised and their contribution to the spread is analysed. Also, linear relationship between various features is plotted through heatmap of Pearson Correlation matrix. Finally, Kalman Filter is used to estimate future spread of COVID19, which shows good result on test data. The inferences from Random Forest feature importance and Pearson Correlation gives many similarities and some dissimilarities, and these techniques successfully identify the different contributing factors. The Kalman Filter gives a satisfying result for short term estimation, but not so good performance for long term forecasting. Overall, the analysis, plots, inferences and forecast are satisfying and can help a lot in fighting the spread of the virus.
Clinical Inhibition of the Seven-Transmembrane Thrombin Receptor (PAR1) by Intravenous Aprotinin During Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: J.R.S. Day, P.P. Punjabi, A.M. Randi, D.O. Haskard, R.C. Landis, K.M. Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is the principal thrombin receptor in the vasculature, and antagonists against this receptor are in preclinical trials. Aprotinin, already approved for clinical use to reduce transfusion requirements in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, has been shown to inhibit PAR1 activation in vitro. Here, we exploit CPB as a model for thrombin generation in humans to examine whether aprotinin can inhibit platelet PAR1 activation clinically.PAR1 expression and function on platelets was examined in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients randomized into 2 groups: (1) those receiving saline infusion during CPB (n=17) and (2) those receiving aprotinin (2x10(6) kallikrein inhibitor units [KIU] in pump prime, 2x10(6) KIU loading dose, followed by 0.5x10(6) KIU/h [n=13]). Platelets in the saline group showed loss of PAR1-specific function at 2 hours after CPB, but this was preserved in the aprotinin group (P<0.001). These effects were most likely targeted at PAR1 receptor cleavage, because (1) the level of thrombin generated during CPB did not vary significantly between groups, (2) expression of SPAN12, which detects only uncleaved PAR1 receptors, was preserved in the aprotinin but not the placebo group (P<0.05), and (3) supporting evidence in vitro showed reduced thrombin-induced PAR1 cleavage (P<0.001) and platelet aggregation (P<0.001) in the presence of aprotinin.This study demonstrates that platelet PAR1 activation by thrombin can be inhibited by aprotinin. Our results extend the clinical mechanism of action of aprotinin and provide the first proof of principle that PAR1 can be inhibited clinically. This has implications beyond cardiac surgery for the development of therapeutic PAR1 blockade.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the pulmonary response to endotoxin in the awake sheep and upon in vitro granulocyte function.
Authors: G R Bernard, W D Lucht, M E Niedermeyer, J R Snapper, M L Ogletree, K L Brigham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Oxygen free radicals released during endotoxemia may contribute to the lung injury of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As this syndrome occurs frequently after gram-negative sepsis in humans, we studied the effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, upon the endotoxin (E)-induced model of ARDS in awake sheep. In vivo studies demonstrated that NAC attenuates the endotoxin-induced rise in pulmonary artery pressure (62 +/- 3 torr with E control vs. 43 +/- 3 torr for E + NAC), and markedly diminishes the rise in lymph flow at 1 h (8.5 +/- 1.2 vs 4.5 +/- 0.6 ml/15 min) and 4 h (5.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.4 ml/15 min), respectively, for E control vs. E + NAC. NAC also markedly attenuated the alterations in lung mechanics after endotoxemia. Dynamic compliance at 2 h after endotoxemia was 44 +/- 6% of base line for E vs. 76 +/- 10% of base line for E + NAC. Resistance to airflow across the lung at 1 h postendotoxin was 811 +/- 280% of base line for E vs. 391 +/- 233% of base line for E + NAC. NAC substantially reduced the 1 h postendotoxin rise in lymph concentrations of thromboxane B2 (8.29 +/- 3.28 vs. 2.75 +/- 1.93 ng/ml for E vs. E + NAC) and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (0.91 +/- 0.27 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.12 ng/ml for E vs. E + NAC). In addition, in vitro studies were performed which revealed NAC to be a potent free radical scavenger in both biologic and nonbiologic free radical generating systems. NAC decreased phorbol-stimulated granulocyte aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Minimal effects were observed, however, upon leukocyte degranulation at the concentrations of NAC achieved during the in vivo tests. Thus, NAC significantly attenuated all monitored pathophysiologic changes in the endotoxin model of ARDS in sheep, possibly by its ability to scavenge toxic oxygen free radicals. A direct impairment of the ability of inflammatory cells to generate oxygen radicals cannot be ruled out.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Pulmonary hypertension, defined as a mean pulmonary-artery pressure above 20 mm Hg or a pulmonary-artery systolic pressure above 30 mm Hg, can arise in a variety of cardiopulmonary conditions that increase pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary vascular resistance, and left heart impedance to blood flow. The pathophysiologic processes underlying different forms of pulmonary hypertension have traditionally been explained in hemodynamic terms. Pulmonary hypertension occurs in patients with mitral stenosis, for example, because of an increase in left atrial pressure that leads to an increase in pulmonary venous pressure and, consequently, to an increase in pulmonary-artery pressure. Patients with pulmonary thromboembolism may . . .
THORACIC ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ABSENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM
Authors: Yafim Brodov, Heidi Gransar, Sean Hayes, John Friedman, Louise Thomson, Damini Dey, James Min, Alan Rozanski, Leslee Shaw, Daniel Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Signaling through chemoattractant receptors in Dictyostelium
Authors: Mei-Yu Chen, Robert H. Insall, Peter N. Devreotes
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1996)

Dictyostellium discoideum displays chemoattractant-directed cell migration typical of many higher cell types. Signalling through chemoattractant receptors involves a standard G-protein-linked pathway. Genetic analysis has distinguished essential and dispensable components and demonstrated that some signaling events are independent of G proteins. Genetic analysis has also led to the identification of additional genes involved in chemosensory transduction. Further studies on the newly discovered components and pathways should help in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic chemotaxis.
Squatter Sam and Professionalism
Authors: David C. Dale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Editorials6 February 2007Squatter Sam and ProfessionalismDavid C. Dale, MDDavid C. Dale, MDFrom University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-3-200702060-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “Squatter Sam” (1) is a story worth reading and sharing. It is a physician's story, a story about the kind of patient we all remember well. In a few words this vignette goes deeply into the physician–patient experience. It speaks to critical professional qualities of caring, bonding, doing what's right, and reflecting on what we have done.Sam is a poor, tired, homeless, pitiful, and often hungry man struggling to live on the barest of resources in the harsh Alaskan environment. By contrast, he presents himself as independent, insightful, cheerful, resourceful, and reluctant to accept help from anyone. Although it ...References1. Grauman DS. Squatter Sam. Ann Intern Med. 2006; 146:227-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ABIM Foundation.. American Board of Internal Medicine.. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: a physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:243-6. [PMID: 11827500] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: David C. Dale, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356422, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSquatter Sam David S. Grauman Metrics 6 February 2007Volume 146, Issue 3Page: 226KeywordsAmphetaminesConflicts of interestFoodNursesTouch ePublished: 6 February 2007 Issue Published: 6 February 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1): a therapeutic target supporting growth and survival of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: C Rosilio, M Nebout, V Imbert, E Griessinger, Z Neffati, J Benadiba, T Hagenbeek, H Spits, J Reverso, D Ambrosetti, J-F Michiels, B Bailly-Maitre, H Endou, M F Wempe, J-F Peyron
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Reducing Cholesterol Levels in Elderly Persons
Authors: Carlos Brotons
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Drs Benfante and Reed 1 reported that serum cholesterol level is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease even among men older than 65 years, based on relative risk measures. This finding contrasts with reports from the Framingham study 2 and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial 3 that the effect of total serum cholesterol level diminishes with age and is not related to coronary heart disease in men studied after the age of 65 years. Several differences in methodology between those studies may have led to differences in the relationship between risk factor measurements and disease outcomes.  Whatever is true, I think that in terms of prevention and possible intervention in clinical practice it is better to use the attributable risk or, as has been suggested, 4 the practical attributable risk. The number of deaths or myocardial infarctions that might be prevented by a particular
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY MARKERS, HEMOSTATIC MARKERS AND TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS ON CORONARY ARTERY SPASM IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Nicolas F. Meneveau, Ailiman Mahemuti, Kailibinuer Abudureheman, Fiona Ecarnot, Shajidan Abudureyimu, Baopen Tang, Halmurat Upur, Francois Schiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The tetrapeptide AcSDKP, an inhibitor of primitive hematopoietic cell proliferation, induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jian-Miao Liu, Françoise Lawrence, Milica Kovacevic, Jérôme Bignon, Evangelia Papadimitriou, Jean-Yves Lallemand, Panagiotis Katsoris, Pierre Potier, Yves Fromes, Joanna Wdzieczak-Bakala
Journal: Blood (2003)
Criticism of study of childhood leukaemia near French nuclear reprocessing plant is unfounded
Authors: J.-F. Viel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Two weeks ago Dominique Pobel and I reported our case-control study of leukaemia among young people near La Hague reprocessing plant.1 Dr Jacqueline Clavel, of Unit 170 of Inserm, which is the French national institute of health and medical research, has been quoted in the French lay press as criticising our results.2 3 She argued that the geographical location of the homes of subjects who participated in the study could explain the significant results (use of local …