tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A METHOD FOR THE IMMEDIATE TREATMENT OF FRACTURE OF THE FEMUR ON THE BATTLEFIELD AT THE SITE OF THE CASUALTY
Authors: F. B. Chavasse
Journal: BMJ (1918)

coapt the edges of the mucosa there will result a great addition to the remnants of the perineal body.The operation here described may be looked upon as the most extensive ever found necessary, and therefore has only to be modifie(d to suit lesser degrees of prolapse, when amputation of the cervix nearly always ceases to be necessary.The results are almost invariably excellent, even in very stout women, and the operation can be carried out without fear of preventing pregnancy or interfering with delivery.Retroversion, uterine prolapse, cystocele, and rectocele, whiclh are each in turn dealt with during this operation, are corrected and cured.
Book Review Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract Edited by Si-Chun Ming and Harvey Goldman. 945 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1992. $185. 0-7216-6398-2 Gastrointestinal Pathology and Its Clinical Implications By Klaus J. Lewin, Robert H. Riddell, and Wilfred M. Weinstein. 1395 pp., illustrated. New York, Igaku-Shoin, 1992. $295. 0-89640-153-7
Authors: Jeffrey S. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Studying lung cancer in the laboratory--2: Chemosensitivity testing.
Authors: R J Fergusson, J F Smyth
Journal: Thorax (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spontaneous mutations can alter tissue dynamics and lead to cancer initiation. While large-scale sequencing projects have illustrated processes that influence somatic mutation and subsequent tumour evolution, the mutational dynamics operating in the very early stages of cancer development are currently not well understood. In order to explore mutational dynamics in the early stages of cancer evolution we exploited neoplasia arising spontaneously in the <i>Drosophila</i> intestine. We analysed whole-genome sequencing data through the development of a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline to detect structural variants, single nucleotide variants, and indels. We found neoplasia formation to be driven largely through the inactivation of <i>Notch</i> by structural variants, many of which involve highly complex genomic rearrangements. Strikingly, the genome-wide mutational burden of neoplasia - at six weeks of age - was found to be similar to that of several human cancers. Finally, we identified genomic features associated with spontaneous mutation and defined the evolutionary dynamics and mutational landscape operating within intestinal neoplasia over the short lifespan of the adult fly. Our findings provide unique insight into mutational dynamics operating over a short time scale in the genetic model system, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.
Low-Dose Aspirin Affects the Small Bowel Mucosa: Results of a Pilot Study With a Multidimensional Assessment
Authors: Edgardo Smecuol, Maria Ines Pinto Sanchez, Alejandro Suarez, Julio E. Argonz, Emilia Sugai, Horacio Vazquez, Nestor Litwin, Elena Piazuelo, Jonathan B. Meddings, Julio C. Bai, Angel Lanas
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Inhaled prazosin in asthma.
Authors: P J Barnes, P W Ind, C T Dollery
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Prazosin, a potent and selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist, was given by inhalation to nine asthmatic subjects aged 25-48 years (six with positive skin tests). Prazosin 0.5 mg, salbutamol 1 mg, or placebo were given by nebuliser in randomised double-blind fashion on separate days. Although all subjects showed a significant increase in FEV1, vital capacity, and maximum expiratory flow at 70% of total lung capacity after salbutamol, there was no significant difference between prazosin and placebo. This suggests that alpha-adrenergic receptors are not important in the control of bronchial tone in asthma. The weak bronchodilatation ascribed to alpha-antagonists in previous studies could be explained by other pharmacological actions of the drugs used.
Quantitative studies of in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat induced by planted, cationized antigen
Authors: T Oite, SR Batsford, MJ Mihatsch, H Takamiya, A Vogt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Cationized human IgG can bind to the rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM), act as planted antigen, and induce in situ immune complex formation accompanied by severe glomerulonephritis. Perfusion of highly cationized human IgG (isoelectric point {more than} 9.5) via the left renal artery resulted in preferential localization within the perfused kidney (up to 56 percent of dose injected); after intravenous administration, only 4 percent was bound to the kidneys. The planted antigen was localized along the glomerular capillary walls and was accessible for antibody administered intravenously 1 h after perfusion, when virtually no antigen remained in the circulation. Persistence of cationized human IgG in the perfused kidney was markedly prolonged when complexed with antibody; one-half the cationized human IgG was still present after 12 d. There was a difference in the disappearance rates of antigen and antibody, as cationized human IgG was removed faster from the kidney than the antibody, the binding of which remained almost unchanged during the first week. Renal perfusion of a minimum of 20 mug of cationized human IgG, followed by intravenous injection of antibody, regularly induced severe glomerulonephritis with a proteinuria of at least 100 mg/24 h. The degree and the persistence of proteinuria induced depended on the dose of cationized human IgG perfused. Experiments using radiolabeled antigen and antibody showed that after renal perfusion of 20 mug cationized human IgG, 11.1 mug was kidney bound at the time of antibody injection. At the onset of proteinuria, 4.0 mug of antigen and 31.9 mug of anti-human IgG antibody were present in the perfused kidney. Immunofluorescence revealed immune deposits consisting of cationized human IgG and rabbit IgG (anti-human IgG) along the GBM. The staining pattern was linear (confluent) during the first 2 d and became granular during the course of the disease. Electronmicroscopically, a prominent finding was the accumulation of dense deposits, mainly in the subepithelial space and beneath the slit pores.
Managing acute limb ischaemia
Authors: M Dennis
Journal: BMJ (1989)

doIestic life it iS nlOt much more of an effort to wvork full time.A career in medicine is full of choices, but be flexible and prepared to change.I began as a paediatrician but changed to haematology when the only job available had no scheduled time off.'T'he restriction of other interests bv a career is not unique to medicine.The challenge of being a woman with a demanding career and a family is no easier in other professions.You have to be committed and organised; stress is present, but the return in terms of job satisfactioni is enormous.MORAG CHISHOIM D)cpari trut (1 o f flacintology, 5iihIniupton (Tencral IHospital SouthamipP(on,S9 )5 4XY \tMCr-M1.D)OI' p!\t r VUdaughter illto imiedicine.
Immunologic Distinction between I.H. and S.H.
Authors: Alfred M. Prince
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Infectious hepatitis and serum hepatitis have been distinguished in the past largely on epidemiologic grounds, the former being characterized by a shorter incubation period, high rate of contact transmission and presence of the infectious agent in the stool, and the latter by a longer incubation period and dissemination of the agent by parenteral means. Krugman and his associates1 have identified two infectious agents capable of producing hepatitis: MS-1, which causes a highly contagious short-incubation disease; and MS-2, which produces a long-incubation disease having a low rate of contact transmission. In the article appearing in the current issue of the Journal . . .
Biomarkers and Response to Bevacizumab—Letter
Authors: Chiara Cremolini, Fotios Loupakis, Guido Bocci, Alfredo Falcone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

We read with interest the proteomic study by Collinson and colleagues ([1][1]), proposing a biomarker signature with promising ability in predicting benefit from the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The identification of predictors of benefit from
Arteriosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupturing into the Intestine
Authors: Robert A. Baumler
Journal: JAMA (1961)

RUPTURE of an arteriosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm into the gastrointestinal tract is an unusual syndrome; only 52 cases could be found in a careful search of the medical literature published in English. These all ended fatally, but a review of these cases and the experience provided by the case reported here suggest that surgical salvage is possible if this diagnosis is given due consideration in cases of unexplained severe gastrointestinal bleeding in the older patient. Similarly, rupturing aneurysms of other than arteriosclerotic origin have also been reported, such as syphilitic aortitis, mycotic aneurysm, tuberculous adenitis, metastatic carcinoma, and trauma, but these were not included in this review, since they commonly gave evidence of the primary disease and were lesser diagnostic problems. <h3>Report of a Case</h3><h3>History.—</h3> A 74-year-old man was admitted to the Buffalo General Hospital on Sept. 30, 1959, because of 2 weeks of severe pain centering about the
Basic Cutaneous Surgery: A Primer in Technique
Authors: Keyoumars Soltani
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<b>Electrosurgery of the Skin</b>, by Sheldon V. Pollack (<i>Practical Manuals in Dermatologic Surgery</i>, R. C. Grekin, ed), 93 pp, with illus, paper $24.95, ISBN 0-443-08683-4, New York, NY, Churchill Livingstone, 1991. <b>Cosmetic Surgery of the Skin: Principles and Techniques</b>, edited by William P. Coleman III, C. William Hanke, Thomas H. Alt, and Saul Asken, 387 pp, with illus, ISBN 1-55664-176-1, Philadelphia, Pa, BC Decker Inc, 1991. Cutaneous surgery has increasingly become an integral part of the dermatology specialty. Residents in dermatology acquire the necessary surgical skills during their training, as mandated by the specialty board, and apply these skills in their practice. Their in-depth familiarity with the structure and function of the skin provides an extremely valuable base for preoperative and postoperative considerations and for proper selection of therapeutic modalities for the patient such as electrosurgery, cryosurgery, laser surgery, excisional procedures, and Mohs micrographic surgery. <i>Basic Cutaneous Surgery</i>, which is
Aldosterone, Not Estradiol, Is the Physiological Agonist for Rapid Increases in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Michael Christ, Andreas Günther, Marina Heck, Bernhard M. W. Schmidt, Elisabeth Falkenstein, Martin Wehling
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Steroid-induced gene regulation in the endocrine tissues and vascular wall is achieved through the interaction of specific receptor proteins and promoters of target genes. In addition to these delayed steroid actions, rapid effects of steroids have been reported in various tissues that were clearly incompatible with the classic theory of genomic steroid action. Methods and Results —Because high doses of 17β-estradiol have been shown to modulate intracellular cAMP levels in vascular smooth muscle cells, steroid-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase stimulation and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein was investigated in porcine coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Aldosterone induces a ≈1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in intracellular cAMP levels (EC 50 ≈0.01 to 0.1 nmol/L) within 1 minute, whereas 17β-estradiol and hydrocortisone act only at supraphysiological concentrations (10 μmol/L). Aldosterone-induced changes in intracellular cAMP are calcium dependent; they are not blocked by inhibitors of mineralocorticoid receptors, transcription, or protein synthesis. In addition, aldosterone induces a time-dependent phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein with potential transcriptional importance. Conclusions —A nongenomic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells by aldosterone is consistent with the data that aldosterone, not estrogen, is the physiological stimulus for cAMP.
UK consultants warn of overwork and general demoralisation
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Representatives of the United Kingdom's 23000 senior hospital doctors say that they are demoralised and disillusioned by an increasing workload.

At the BMA's senior medical staffs conference last week they expressed their concern that the implementation of the working time directive, clinical governance, peer review, and continuing professional development will decrease clinical time and …
Determinants of left ventricular aneurysm formation after anterior myocardial infarction: A clinical and angiographic study
Authors: Mervyn B. Forman, H. Wade Collins, Harry A. Kopelman, William K. Vaughn, James M. Perry, Renu Virmani, Gottlieb C. Friesinger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Biologic Basis of Wound Healing
Authors: George H. Barrows
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This assemblage of basic reviews in the health sciences is loosely organized around a central concept of wound healing. According to the editor, the book is intended as a general text for health sciences students and a review for practicing physicians. Eighteen sections cover topics ranging from hemostasis and immunology to nutrition. Each section is followed by a summary, glossary of terms, and a list of selected references. The 21 section authors are, with two exceptions, faculty members of the University of Alabama School of Medicine and Dentistry. Although the title of the text implies a central concept of wound healing, the relationship of each discussion to wound healing usually appears to be an afterthought. As with most multiauthored texts, the style of each chapter varies considerably. The glossaries following each chapter are helpful but in some sections oversimplified. The references following each section are mostly general review material and
The Physiologic Approach to Education.
Authors: Frieda E. Lippert
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New York City, Sept. 1, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some one has said recently that there are three avenues to the approach of education, the physiologic, the sociologic and the psychologic. The college settlement and university settlement laborers are grappling with possible social reform in education; the pedagogue and psychologist with their respective portions of the same great problem. Who will best develop and clear the physiologic pathway? In a generation's time the aim of education has been completely transformed. In years past our boys and girls were trained for too circumscribed spheres, the one for the special trade or profession perchance selected, the other for lines far narrower, the purely domestic or social routine. Today the projectors of education are satisfied with no scheme that aims not at the development of every faculty, lurking or alert. There has been achieved great advance in the true direction, but there are
Problems of disabled students.
Authors: A D Gunn
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the use of bacterial cultures, and the etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of common high-priority bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a hospital-wide cross-sectional study of all inpatients receiving systemic antibiotic treatment (WHO ATC J01) in six hospitals in 2019, capturing routine data on antibiotic treatment and cultures. We reported bug-drug combinations for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and the ESKAPE group of bacteria. <h3>Results</h3> 562 patients (52% women, median age 46 years) had 587 diagnoses, with pneumonia (258, 44%) most common. One or more culture specimens were taken in 38% (215/562) overall, a sputum culture in 25% (64/258) of pneumonia patients; and a blood culture in 52% (16/31) of sepsis patients. 50% of positive blood culture results were reported after 4 days. From 670 culture specimens, 279 bacteria were isolated, 214 (77%) were Gram-negative, including <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (70, 25%), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (36, 13%), and <i>E. coli</i> (21, 11%). Resistance included third-generation cephalosporin-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (77%), <i>E. coli</i> (65%) <i>and Enterobacter spp</i> (81%); carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (26%), <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (24%), <i>E. coli</i> (33%), <i>Acinetobacter spp</i> (57%), and <i>Enterobacter spp</i> (60%); and meticillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (71%). Vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (0%) and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (12%) were uncommon. Multi-drug resistance was 30% for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, 29% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, 49% for <i>E. coli</i>, 42% for <i>Acinetobacter spp</i>, and 71% for <i>S. aureus</i>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In Indonesian hospitals, bacterial cultures were underused and antibiotic resistance is at alarming levels. Enhanced context-specific infection prevention, diagnostic and antibiotic stewardship interventions are urgently needed.
Preemptive Use of High-Dose Fluticasone for Virus-Induced Wheezing in Young Children
Authors: Francine M. Ducharme, Chantal Lemire, Francisco J.D. Noya, G. Michael Davis, Nathalie Alos, Hélène Leblond, Cheryl Savdie, Jean-Paul Collet, Lyudmyla Khomenko, Georges Rivard, Robert W. Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Although virus-induced wheezing is common in preschool-age children, optimal management remains elusive. We examined the efficacy and safety of preemptive treatment with high-dose fluticasone in reducing the severity of recurrent virus-induced wheezing in children.We randomly assigned 129 children who were 1 to 6 years of age to receive 750 microg of fluticasone propionate (ex-valve [manufacturer-measured] dose) or placebo twice daily, beginning at the onset of an upper respiratory tract infection and continuing for a maximum of 10 days, over a period of 6 to 12 months. The primary outcome was rescue oral corticosteroid use. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, use of beta(2)-agonists, acute care visits, hospitalizations, discontinuation of the study drug, change in growth and bone mineral density, basal cortisol level, and adverse events.Over a median period of 40 weeks, 8% of upper respiratory tract infections in the fluticasone group led to treatment with rescue systemic corticosteroids, as compared with 18% in the placebo group (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30 to 0.83). Children who were treated with fluticasone, as compared with those who were given placebo, had smaller mean (+/-SD) gains from baseline in height (6.23+/-2.62 cm [unadjusted value]; z score, -0.19 +/-0.42 vs. 6.56+/-2.90 cm [unadjusted value]; z score, 0.00+/-0.48; difference between groups in z score from baseline to end point, -0.24 [95% CI, -0.40 to -0.08]) and in weight (1.53+/-1.17 kg [unadjusted value]; z score, -0.15+/-0.48 vs. 2.17+/-1.79 kg [unadjusted value]; z score, 0.11+/-0.43; difference between groups in z score from baseline to end point, -0.26 [95% CI, -0.41 to -0.09]). There were no significant differences between the groups in basal cortisol level, bone mineral density, or adverse events.In preschool-age children with moderate-to-severe virus-induced wheezing, preemptive treatment with high-dose fluticasone as compared with placebo reduced the use of rescue oral corticosteroids. Treatment with fluticasone was associated with a smaller gain in height and weight. Given the potential for overuse, this preventive approach should not be adopted in clinical practice until long-term adverse effects are clarified. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00238927.)
Ameliorating effects of compounds derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza root extract on microcirculatory disturbance and target organ injury by ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Jing-Yan Han, Jing-Yu Fan, Yoshinori Horie, Soichiro Miura, De-Hua Cui, Hiromasa Ishii, Toshifumi Hibi, Hiroshi Tsuneki, Ikuko Kimura
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2007)
A simulation study of the effects of cardiac anatomy in ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Fagen Xie, Zhilin Qu, Junzhong Yang, Ali Baher, James N. Weiss, Alan Garfinkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In ventricular fibrillation (VF), the principal cause of sudden cardiac death, waves of electrical excitation break up into turbulent and incoherent fragments. The causes of this breakup have been intensely debated. Breakup can be caused by fixed anatomical properties of the tissue, such as the biventricular geometry and the inherent anisotropy of cardiac conduction. However, wavebreak can also be caused purely by instabilities in wave conduction that arise from ion channel dynamics, which represent potential targets for drug action. To study the interaction between these two wave-breaking mechanisms, we used a physiologically based mathematical model of the ventricular cell, together with a realistic three-dimensional computer model of cardiac anatomy, including the distribution of fiber angles throughout the myocardium. We find that dynamical instabilities remain a major cause of the wavebreak that drives VF, even in an anatomically realistic heart. With cell physiology in its usual operating regime, dynamics and anatomical features interact to promote wavebreak and VF. However, if dynamical instability is reduced, for example by modeling of certain pharmacologic interventions, electrical waves do not break up into fibrillation, despite anatomical complexity. Thus, interventions that promote dynamical wave stability show promise as an antifibrillatory strategy in this more realistic setting.
Antagonism of Levodopa By Papaverine
Authors: Donald M. Posner
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I thought it might be worthwhile commenting on Dr. Duvoisin's note (231:845, 1975) concerning the antagonism of levodopa by papaverine. I have come across roughly one patient per year in whom the beneficial effects of levodopa have in some way been inadvertently negated by papaverine. Interestingly enough, I have had two patients, both of whom were approximately 71 years old, female, and white and had long-standing classical Parkinson disease that responded well to levodopa therapy, and both of whom suffered not only reversal of response but also reappearance of adventitious movements when inadvertently given papaverine by their family physicians. In both instances, gait difficulty increased markedly, rigidity and bradykinesia definitely increased, and there was a definite deterioration in handwriting. Speech also deteriorated. Indeed, the only difference between these two patients and the woman reported by Dr. Duvoisin would seem to be the return of adventitious movements to
Increased Wave Reflection Rather Than Central Arterial Stiffness Is the Main Determinant of Raised Pulse Pressure in Women and Relates to Mismatch in Arterial Dimensions
Authors: Marina Cecelja, Benyu Jiang, Karen McNeill, Bernet Kato, James Ritter, Tim Spector, Phil Chowienczyk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)