tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial stiffness before and after moderate intensity exercise in athletes and controls: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: R Dulai, M Ahmed, D Morrissey, R Twycross-Lewis, S Greenwald
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. There has been no previous research comparing the acute effects of exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance and endurance athletes. This information would help to reveal how arterial function responds to exercise training. Objectives To measure and compare arterial stiffness and hemodynamic variables in resistance athletes, endurance athletes and controls, before and after moderate intensity exercise. Methods Central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using Doppler ultrasound and calculated by the ‘foot to foot’ method before and after exercise. PWV was initially measured at rest for a 1 min period. Thereafter subjects cycled for 30 min at moderate intensity (60% of maximum heart rate, based on age). PWV was measured at postexercise intervals of 3, 15 and 30 min. Blood pressure and heart rate measurement preceded all PWV measurements. Results Controls were significantly younger than both athletic groups (p&lt;0.05). Groups did not significantly differ in resting PWV. There was no change in central/peripheral PWV after exercise in the resistance and control groups. Central PWV significantly increased post exercise in endurance athletes (mean (sd) resting PWV: 8.0 (2.0) m/s; 3 min postexercise: 10.5 (4.0) m/s; p=0.027, 95% CIs: 0.30 to 4.42) and recovered to resting values by 15 min. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in the endurance group from 136 (16) g at rest to 151 (13) 3 min after exercise. Conclusions PWV in the endurance group significantly increased after exercise, possibly due to the concomitant rise in blood pressure. However, PWV did not change in response to exercise in the resistance or control groups. Lack of significant differences between the groups may be explained by problems with ultrasound measurement and a small sample size in the resistance group.
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice by Gd-DTPA- and rhodamine 123-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles in T1 magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Waralee Watcharin, Christian Schmithals, Thomas Pleli, Verena Köberle, Hüdayi Korkusuz, Frank Hübner, Oliver Waidmann, Stefan Zeuzem, Horst-Werner Korf, Andreas Terfort, Svetlana Gelperina, Thomas J. Vogl, Jörg Kreuter, Albrecht Piiper
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Motor function of the opossum sphincter of Oddi.
Authors: J Toouli, W J Dodds, R Honda, S Sarna, W J Hogan, R A Komarowski, J H Linehan, R C Arndorfer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We studied the opossum sphincter of Oddi (SO) because in this species the SO is approximately 3 cm in length and its extraduodenal location permits recording of motor activity with negligible interference from duodenal motor activity. The SO segment of 120 animals was evaluated by one or more of the following: (a) intraluminal manometry; (b) electromyography; (c) common bile duct (CBD) flow monitored by a drop counter; (d) cineradiography of intraductal contrast medium; and (e) histologic examination. SO pull-throughs using an infused catheter of 0.6-mm o.d. invariably showed a high pressure zone (HPZ) of 18 +/- 3 SE mm Hg in the terminal 4-5 mm of the SO segment. This HPZ had a narrow lumen, 0.5-0.7 mm in diam, and prominent circular muscle. The HPZ in the terminal SO had both active and passive components. HPZ with minimal amplitude and a paucity of underlying smooth muscle were present inconstantly at the junction of the SO segment with the CBD and pancreatic duct, respectively. The dominant feature of the SO segment was rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originated in the proximal SO and propagated toward the duodenum. These contractions occurred spontaneously at a rate of 2-8/min, ranged up to 200 mm Hg in magnitude, had a duration of approximately 5 s and were not abolished by tetrodotoxin. Concurrent myoelectric and manometric recordings showed that each phasic contraction was immediately preceded by an electrical spike burst. Simultaneous recordings of cineradiography, CBD inflow of contrast medium, SO manometry, and SO electromyography indicated that rhythmic peristaltic contractions stripped contrast medium from the SO into the duodenum. During SO systole, CBD emptying was transiently interrupted, whereas SO filling occurred during the diastolic interval between SO peristaltic contractions. SO distention increased the frequency of SO peristalsis. We conclude that (a) the dominant feature of the opossum SO is rhythmic peristaltic contractions that originate in the proximal SO and propagate toward the duodenum; (b) these forceful SO peristaltic contractions are myogenic in origin and serve as a peristaltic pump that actively empties the SO segment; (c) CBD outflow occurs passively during SO diastole, but is interrupted transiently during each SO peristaltic contraction; and (d) a short HPZ with active as well as passive components exists in the distal SO segment and acts as a variable resistor to SO outflow.
CD8 beta chain influences CD8 alpha chain-associated Lck kinase activity.
Authors: H Y Irie, K S Ravichandran, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The CD8 molecule plays an important role in the differentiation of CD8+ T cells in the thymus and in their normal function in the periphery. CD8 exists on the cell surface in two forms, the alpha alpha homodimer and the alpha beta heterodimer. Recent studies indicate an important role for the CD8 beta chain in thymic development of CD8+ T cells and suggest that signaling via CD8 alpha beta may be distinct from CD8 alpha alpha. To better understand these differences, we introduced the CD8 beta gene into a T cell hybridoma which only expressed the CD8 alpha alpha homodimer. In the parent hybridoma, cross-linking of the CD8 alpha chain led to minimal enhancement of CD8-associated Lck tyrosine kinase activity. In the CD8 beta+ transfectants, several observations suggested that CD8 beta modifies CD8 alpha-associated Lck tyrosine kinase activity: (a) in in vitro kinase assays, antibody-mediated crosslinking of CD8 alone, or CD8 cross-linking with the TCR, resulted in 10-fold greater activation of Lck kinase activity, compared to cells expressing CD8 alpha alpha alone; (b) in vivo, markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins was observed upon CD8 cross-linking with the TCR in CD8 alpha beta-expressing cells, compared to cells expressing CD8 alpha alpha alone; and (c) Lck association with CD8 alpha was stabilized by the coexpression of CD8 beta. Thus, the differential Lck kinase activation and tyrosine phosphorylation seen with CD8 alpha alpha vs. CD8 alpha beta may reflect the unique signaling capabilities of the CD8 beta molecule. These differences in signaling may, in part, account for the diminished ability to generate CD8 single positive thymocytes in mice bearing a homozygous disruption of the CD8 beta gene.
Neglect of speech therapy.
Authors: P Enderby
Journal: BMJ (1979)

weeks' gestation.During seven weeks of vomiting she lost 122 kg weight before the pregnancy was terminated.A further weight loss of 58 kg had occurred three months before the pregnancy, when she was vomiting in association with a urinary tract infection.This weight loss of 18 kg in six months before the spontaneous pneumomediastinum represents starvation.We consider that this feature of severe hyperemesis gravidarum was the predominating factor in this case.Cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with severe hyperemesis gravidarum may escape detection owing to a natural reluctance to use radiographs in early pregnancy.
Human MAIT cells are xenobiotic-resistant, tissue-targeted, CD161hi IL-17–secreting T cells
Authors: Mathilde Dusseaux, Emmanuel Martin, Nacer Serriari, Isabelle Péguillet, Virginie Premel, Delphine Louis, Maud Milder, Lionel Le Bourhis, Claire Soudais, Emmanuel Treiner, Olivier Lantz
Journal: Blood (2010)
FRAGMENTED SLEEP DUE TO FREQUENT LEG MOVEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND POOR CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES
Authors: Mahek Mirza, Aamir Sofi, Naoyo Mori, Canh Tran, Shishir Murarka, Uzma Khan, Ahad Jahangir, Maria Viqar, Win-Kuang Shen, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Partial pancreatectomy in the rat and subsequent defect in glucose-induced insulin release.
Authors: S Bonner-Weir, D F Trent, G C Weir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

To define the consequences of a known reduction of B cell mass in rats, 90% partial pancreatectomies were performed. For the 6 wk following surgery moderate hyperglycemia was maintained in the fed state but there were no differences in body weight nor plasma insulin concentrations compared with sham-pancreatectomized controls. 8-10 wk following surgery regeneration of the remnant was evident with remnant weight being 26%, B cell mass being 42%, and non-B cell mass being 47% of values found for control whole pancreas. There were comparable increases in the remnant content of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Following meal challenges, intraperitoneal and intravenous glucose tolerance tests and intravenous arginine challenge given 6-7 wk after surgery, the insulin responses to glucose were blunted or absent but the responses following the meals or arginine were intact. Similarly, when the pancreatic remnant was perfused in vitro, insulin release after challenge with 300 mg/dl glucose was markedly reduced whereas intact responsiveness to 10 mM arginine was retained. These data suggest that the chronic stimulation of a reduced B cell mass can lead to a selective loss of glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Despite Benefit, Physicians Slow to Offer Brief Advice on Harmful Alcohol Use
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Premarital Syphilis Serologies
Authors: Richard Rothenberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We support the general philosophy of disease control that Dr Felman espoused in his recent article calling for the abolition of mandatory premarital syphilis screening. He advocates screening of high-risk groups and prenatal screening to prevent congenital syphilis. While we agree that screening for syphilis in low-risk groups should not be advocated, we strongly believe that premarital screening should not necessarily be universally abandoned. Arbitrary decisions to maintain or abolish premarital screening make little sense. The decision to screen must rest on local epidemiologic circumstances rather than data from New York City or even national data. Several factors must be considered when deciding whether or not to screen: Local law and practice with respect to premarital syphilis testing. The geographic clustering of syphilis in a community. The distribution of syphilis cases by sexual preference (though almost one half of the infectious syphilis in 1976
Evolutionary analyses should include pluralistic and falsifiable hypotheses
Authors: Craig W. LaMunyon, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Andrews et al. attempt to clarify the standards for determining whether traits are adaptations. The authors argue that tests of adaptationist hypotheses best proceed by assessing the consistency of the traits with the proposed standards. Critical tests of such standards must assess inconsistency – hypotheses must be falsifiable. To fully understand trait evolution, we must consider both adaptive and nonadaptive hypotheses.
Closing the pain divide: the quest for effective universal health coverage
Authors: F M Knaul, A Bhadelia, H Arreola Ornelas, L de Lima, M del Rocio Sáenz Madrigal
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundMore than 5·5 billion people, most in low-income and middle-income income countries (LMICs), live with limited or no access to pain control and palliative care. This inequality—the pain divide—is a grave injustice. As a result, many patients around the world, especially those with chronic diseases, needlessly suffer pain. The Harvard Global Equity Initiative–Lancet Commission on Global Access to Pain Control and Palliative Care (GAPCPC) aims to address the pain divide through the promotion of effective universal health coverage (UHC) and by harnessing existing platforms for health systems strengthening.MethodsThe Commission has convened experts from the health systems, global health, and palliative care communities. It merges efforts between research, policy, and implementation partners at the global and national levels for policy-oriented research and evidence-based policy-making. The Commission is reviewing country cases of innovative reform and policy-making on palliative care in Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica, to identify the greatest opportunities and challenges for UHC.FindingsThe Commission noted examples of reforms in legislature, education, and health systems to improve access to pain relief in Mexico, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Such reforms include the development of palliative care curricula for undergraduate and post-graduate courses to expand protocols for prescription of opioids for pain control. The Commission focuses on the impact of contextual and enabling factors to producing equitable, effective, and affordable pain control and palliative care services in various LMICs, including these three Latin American countries. Further, it examines the policy, regulatory, and training barriers to achieving effective UHC and strategies for future reform. It aims to enhance knowledge exchange between experts and policy-makers in LMICs on pain policy, as well as on the training of different cadres of the health workforce and models of service delivery to meet palliative care needs across diseases, and throughout the life course.InterpretationPolicy-makers require guidelines for action and effective planning at the country level. A systematic guide and tool for drafting national pain and palliative care plans in LMICs is missing. Documenting the process and the development of guiding tools based on country cases of effective strategies can help other LMICs along their trajectories in making pain control and palliative care for all a reality.FundingThe HGEI-Lancet Commission on GAPCPC is primarily supported by Harvard University.
The Psychosomatic Theory of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: J.J. Groen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

The author discusses the development of the psychosomatic asthma theory as a paradigm of theory formation in psychomatic medicine. The first formulation of the theory was based on clinical and psychiatric observations. It was tested by psychological, physiological and experimental methods and as a result was reformulated and extended. In its present form it regards asthmatic breathing as a reaction of a predisposed personality structure (partly hereditary, partly acquired during a youth situation in which overprotection by a domineering parent played a large role), to an ambivalent conflict with a key figure. The resulting frustration is not acted out by aggressive, flight, or depressive behaviour, but inhibited; thereby the motoric and verbal discharges are displaced into (substituted by) a respiratory behaviour pattern, which is characterised by an abnormally forceful contraction of the abdominal muscles during the expiration. The resulting high intraabdominal pressure is transmitted into the thorax where it pushes the posterior membranaceous wall of the trachea and large bronchi forward into the lumen and thus produces a long stretched obstruction of the large airways. The passage of the air through the compressed large air passages under high pressure and low velocity is the mechanism which causes the typical wheeze and the other manifestations of the asthmatic airway obstruction. A hypothesis is suggested for the ways in which this psychoneurogenic respiratory behaviour contributes to the so-called bronchial hyper-reactivity and the secondary development of allergies.
683 Vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors in steatosis induced portal hypertension is related to a reduced cyclo-oxygenase activity in methionine-choline deficient diet fed rats
Authors: S. Francque, S. Wamutu, E. Chae, J.P. Bogers, E. Van Marck, A. Herman, P. Pelckmans, P. Michielsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Posttransfusion Hepatitis A in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Robert C. Noble
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A single unit of infected blood transfused into 11 neonates resulted in a large multistate outbreak of 55 cases of hepatitis A, 35 of which were symptomatic. The person who donated the blood to the 11 neonates became ill with hepatitis A one week after the donation. Hepatitis A infection was then acquired by nurses and physicians having direct contact with the neonates and by parents and relatives. Three additional newborns who had not received transfusions with the infected unit also acquired hepatitis A. The neonates with hepatitis A were all asymptomatic. The attack rate in susceptible nurses was 16%; in susceptible physicians, 4%. A survey of the relatives of the 11 newborns who received transfusions revealed eight symptomatic cases of hepatitis A in 32 immediate family contacts, ie, mother, father, and siblings, with a resulting attack rate of 25% uncorrected for prior immunity. The setting of the neonatal intensive care unit appears to be ideal for the transmission of hepatitis A. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2711-2715)
Aldosterone in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Karl T. Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The potent mineralocorticoid aldosterone has a multifaceted role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. In addition to its contribution to salt and water retention, it also promotes organ fibrosis. Although angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitors have important therapeutic benefit in heart failure, they do not eliminate the effects of aldosterone. Thus, recent studies have underscored the value of aldosterone-receptor antagonists, such as spironolactone, in the treatment of chronic heart failure. This review article gives an in-depth update on the mechanisms of action of aldosterone and their implications for therapy.
Role of the premature action potential in contractile potentiation: a study of paired stimulation
Authors: R. E. EDMANDS, K. GREENSPAN, J. C. BAILEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Isometric contractions and transmembrane action potentials, recorded simultaneously from canine ventricular tissue, revealed a consistent relation between action potential configuration and the intensity of the associated contractile performance during paired stimulation and the return to the control state. The nature of this association consisted of an inverse relation between the magnitude of the contractile response and the duration of phase two of the associated action potential. This relation persists despite a characteristically non-linear augmentation of contractile force effected by paired stimulation. A second correlation was also observed between the phase 2 duration of each premature action potential and the magnitude of the subsequent contractile increment. It is speculated, then, that the premature action potential may be indirectly implicated in this type of contractile augmentation. Variation in the phase 2 prolongation of premature action potentials may reflect a variable calcium influx which, in turn, yields the observed diversity of contractile increments in subsequent post-extrasystolic beats.
Measuring Adult Mortality Using Sibling Survival: A New Analytical Method and New Results for 44 Countries, 1974–2006
Authors: Ziad Obermeyer, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam, Chang H. Park, Emmanuela Gakidou, Margaret C. Hogan, Alan D. Lopez, Christopher J. L. Murray
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Julie Rajaratnam and colleagues describe a novel method, called the Corrected Sibling Survival method, to measure adult mortality in countries without good vital registration by use of histories taken from surviving siblings.
Quantitative assessment of the extent of myocardial infarction in the conscious dog by means of analysis of serial changes in serum creatine phosphokinase activity
Authors: William E. Shell, John K. Kjekshus, Burton E. Sobel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

This study was designed to develop a method for quantitative assessment of infarct size in the conscious animal based on serial changes of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. From 11 experiments in which myocardial CPK was injected intravenously in conscious dogs, the average CPK distribution space and average CPK fractional disappearance rate from serum were found to be 11.4% of body weight and 0.48% min respectively. In other experiments, myocardial infarction was produced in 22 conscious dogs by constriction of a left coronary artery snare and serum CPK activity was determined at frequent intervals for 24 hr. Since myocardial CPK depletion reflects infarct size, infarct size was determined directly by analysis of myocardial CPK content in the same animals 24 hr after coronary artery occlusion. CPK released from the infarct was determined from observed changes in serum CPK activity analyzed according to a model taking into account the fraction of CPK released from an infarct and the rates of appearance and disappearance of CPK activity from serum. Infarct size was calculated on the basis of observed changes in serum CPK and compared to infarct size determined directly by analysis of myocardial CPK depletion. Agreement was close and results from all experiments fit the equation: [infarct size (g) determined from serum CPK] = 1.13 × [infarct size (g) determined from myocardial CPK] - 1.3, r = 0.96, n = 22. The method described is useful for accurate assessment of infarct size in the conscious animal and for detection of modification of infarct size produced by pharmacologic interventions.
STANDARDISATION OF NOMENCLATURE FOR PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED ALPHA-2 GLYCOPROTEIN
Authors: BernardH. Berne, Hans Bohn, Rainhart Hofmann, Bernd Klausch, Wolfgang Straube, CharlesH.W. Horne, Reiji Kasukawa, CH. Rittner, W.H. Stimson, GaborN. Than
Journal: The Lancet (1975)
1165-104 Somatosensory stimulation as an alternative for exercise to enhance the arterial baroreflex
Authors: Cees A Swenne, Yiping Sun, Liming Han, Martin J Schalij, Henk J Van Exel, Caroline M.H.B Lucas, Arie C Maan, Harriette F Verwey, Hedde Van de Vooren, Ernst E Van der Wall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)