tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does constitutional hypotension exist?
Authors: J. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project 1981-1986. I. Methodology, demography, and incident cases of first-ever stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988,51:1373-80. 8 Hatano S. Experience from a multicenter stroke register: a preliminarv report. Bull WHO 1976;54:541-53. 9 Rankin J. Cerebrovascular accidents in patients over 65 vears of age. 2. Prognosis. Scott MedJ 1957;2:200-15. 10 Office of Population Censuses and Survevs. Population projections. London: HMSO, 1985. (Senes PP2, No 13.) 11 Skilbeck C, Wade D, Langton-Hewer R, Wood V. Recovery after stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983;46:5-8. 12 Office of Population Censuses and Survevs. Mortality statistics. Area: England and Wales. London: HMSO, 1984. (Series DH5, No 10.) 13 Haberman S, Capildeo R, Rose F. Epidemiological aspects of stroke. In: Greenhalgh R, Rose F, eds. Progress in stroke research I. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman 1979:3-14. 14 Fratiglioni L, Massey E, Schoenberg D, Schoenberg B. Mortality from cerebrovascular disease. Neuroepidemwlogy 1983;2:101-16. 15 Whelton P. Declining mortality from hypertension and stroke. South MedJ 1982;75:33-8. 16 Garraway W, Whisnant J, Drury I. The continuing decline in the incidence of stroke. Mayo Clin Proc 1983;58:520-3. 17 Acheson R, Williams D. Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease: some un? answered questions. In: Rose F, ed. Clinical neuroepidemiology. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman, 1980:88-104. 18 Haberman S, Capildeo R, Rose F. Diverging trends in cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease mortality. Stroke 1982;13:582-9. 19 Broderick JP, Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP, O'Fallon WM. Stroke incidence in Rochester, Minnesota: the end of decline in stroke? Neurology 1988;38 (suppl 1):146. 20 Terent A. Increasing incidence of stroke amongst Swedish women. Stroke 1988;19:598-603. 21 Van Swieten JC, Koudstaal PJ, Visser MC, Schouten HJA, van Gijn J. Interobserver agreement of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1988;19: 604-7.
On the integration of expert knowledge into the machinery of government.
Authors: H Himsworth
Journal: BMJ (1980)

To those who were members of  Medical Planning Com mission of 1941-2  present state of  National Health Service cannot but give rise to concern. That a plan, essentially similar to that then produced, should have sufficed in 1948 to get such a radically new undertaking off  ground, and sustain it for more than a decade, is a good indication that, so far as it went, it was on  right lines. Over more recent years, however,  Service has experienced a diversity of difficulties. This state of affairs is usually attributed primarily to financial stringency. That is a comforting thought, for it implies that our difficulties will largely disappear when this ameliorates. But is not this too facile a diagnosis ? Shortage of funds may create problems for a service; but it does not create problems in it. It merely aggravates those that, actually or potentially, were already there. Is it not possible, therefore, that  difficulties under which  NHS is now labouring derive from something more fundamental ? Might it not be that those who originally planned  service, in their preoccupation with what seemed to them  most pressing questions, overlooked some basic requirement and that  consequences of their having done so are now coming home to roost ? Looking back with this possibility in mind, I have been repeatedly reminded of a consideration which that wise old man, Dawson of Penn, persistently pressed on our attention. This was, so he contended, that the greatest problem facing modern civilisation is that of integrating expert knowledge into  machinery of government. At  time, however, we were so obsessed with overcoming  obstacles to transforming what was then a parochially based service into a national one and ensuring that this provided a full career in clinical, as distinct from administrative, medicine that  significance of what he was saying did not register with us. As a result we failed?or so I now think?to pay sufficient attention to  central organisation required by  service we were bent on creating. Accordingly, even at this late date, it may be worthwhile to look again at this aspect of  matter.
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Breast Cancer
Authors: David C. G. Skegg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Although depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) (Depo-Provera) has now been approved for marketing as a contraceptive in the United States, there are still unresolved issues about the relation between DMPA and risk of breast cancer. The two substantial case-control studies of this association yielded similar but inconclusive results. Because their designs were compatible, these studies were pooled to obtain more adequate data for analysis. <h3>Design.</h3> —Pooled results from two case-control studies. <h3>Setting.</h3> —New Zealand (entire country), Thailand (three centers), Mexico (one center), and Kenya (one center). <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 1768 women with breast cancer and 13905 controls, most of whom were younger than 55 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Relative risk (RR) of breast cancer in women who had used DMPA. <h3>Results.</h3> —The RR of breast cancer for women who had ever used DMPA was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.4). There was no increase in risk with increasing duration of use of DMPA, but RR estimates were higher in certain subgroups of women. Further analyses suggested that recent (or current) use was the key factor, with women who had started using DMPA within the previous 5 years estimated to have an RR of 2.0 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The increased risk of breast cancer observed in recent (or current) users could be due to enhanced detection of breast tumors in women using DMPA or to acceleration of the growth of preexisting tumors. Women who had used DMPA more than 5 years previously had no increase in risk of breast cancer, regardless of their duration of use. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:799-804)
Danazol and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Michael Phillips
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 March 1990Danazol and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraMichael Phillips, MDMichael Phillips, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-474 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Does long-term treatment with danazol really benefit patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia? Unfortunately, Dr. Ahn and colleagues (1) have not answered this question convincingly because their study did not incorporate controls who were not treated with danazol. The improved platelet counts observed in this uncontrolled "before and after" experiment could possibly have been due to factors other than danazol alone, for example, spontaneous improvement, placebo response, potentiation of the effects of glucocorticoids, or a combination of these effects.A study incorporating a placebo control group would answer these objections and would also be completely ethical because all subjects...References1. AhnRochaMylvaganamGarciaDuncanHarrington YRRRRW. Long-term danazol therapy in autoimmune thrombocytopenia: unmaintained remission and age-dependent response in women. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:723-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. McEvoy G Androgens. In: , ed. American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information 89. Bethesda, Maryland: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. 1989:1685-7. Google Scholar1. AhnMylvaganamRochaGarciaDuncanHarrington YRRRRW. Long-term danazol therapy in autoimmune thrombocytopenia: unmaintained remission and age-dependent response in women. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:723-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RochaAhnMylvaganamHarrington RYRW. Danazol therapy for cyclic thrombocytopenia [Abstract]. Blood. 1988;72:1254a. Google Scholar3. HoseaSantaellaBrownBergerKatushaFrank SMEMKM. Long-term therapy of hereditary angioneurotic edema with danazol. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:809-12. LinkGoogle Scholar4. MadanesFarber AM. Danazol. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:625-30. LinkGoogle Scholar5. AhnRochaAntunezGarciaMylvaganamHarrington YRJRRW. Long term danazol therapy for idiopathic secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemias [Abstract 700]. Blood. 1989;74:187a. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Phillips, MDAffiliations: St. Vincent's Medical Center of Richmond Staten Island, NY 10310-1699 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUpdate on diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopeniaTargeted-immunosuppression with vincristine infusion in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia 15 March 1990Volume 112, Issue 6Page: 474-475KeywordsIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraPlatelets ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 March 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Its First Century: 1862-1962
Authors: Arthur C. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The author, a historian, has achieved a remarkably good and painstaking result in compiling and evaluating the facts about the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, and its triumphs and frustrations. The organization began on May 21, 1862, during the trying days of the Civil War, when the monetary allotment for the collection of specimens was equivalent to the salary of a typist nowadays. The story thereafter is important not merely for the intrinsic accomplishments of the Institute over the years, but especially for the many basic lessons to be learned concerning the mode of its growth, the obstacles to progress, and the leaders responsible for its periodic climbs and advances. The first curator was Dr. John H. Brinton, who visited the battlefields where he dug out of the trenches, in which they had been buried, "many and many a putrid heap of legs and arms on which he went to
John Francis Gerard McCaughan
Authors: K. Addley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

John Francis Gerard McCaughan was born in Belfast, the son of a local school teacher. He was educated at St Malachy’s College, Belfast. After qualifying he trained in general practice before entering a career in occupational medicine, serving as area medical adviser with British Telecom (1991-92) and industrial medical officer to the Belfast shipbuilding firm Harland and Wolff (1987-92)—he was the last “shipyard doctor.” A decade in the occupational health …
The role of cytoskeletal proteins in neutrophil emigration during pneumonia in rabbits.
Authors: G A Mueller, W M Quinlan, N A Doyle, C M Doerschuk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The cytoskeletal proteins, actin and tubulin, are critical in modulating many aspects of the structural, mechanical, and biochemical properties of cells. This study determined if rearrangements of microtubules or filamentous actin were necessary for neutrophil margination within the pulmonary microvasculature or emigration into the alveolar spaces in response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microtubule assembly was inhibited using colchicine, and F-actin depolymerization was inhabited using phalloidin. Anesthetized rabbits received an intrabronchial instillation of S. pneumoniae either after intravenous pretreatment with colchicine (1 mg/kg every 2 h) or combined with TRITC-phalloidin (2 microM in instillate). Four hours later, the lungs were fixed and removed. The results show that the intravenous injection of colchicine caused a rapid decrease in circulating neutrophil counts, most likely caused by sequestration within the pulmonary microvasculature, that gradually recovered. In the pneumonic region, colchicine inhibited neutrophil emigration by 74 +/- 5%, but it did not prevent the stimulus-induced increase in margination. Phalloidin inhibited neutrophil emigration by 83 +/- 4%. These studies suggested that microtubule reassembly occurs during neutrophil transit through the normal pulmonary microvasculature and that it is required for migration but not sequestration during pneumonia. Rearrangement of actin filaments in lung cells but not neutrophils are required for neutrophil emigration induced by S. pneumoniae.
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Diarrheas
Authors: George F. Grady, Gerald T. Keusch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

NO less than a renaissance has emerged in studies of diarrhea, in spite of the unattractive attributes of feces, the difficulty in identifying pathogens among a sea of other bacteria, and the consequent belief that identification may come too late to influence therapy. The increasing apposition of the interests of temperate and tropical countries has prompted an awareness of the global importance of enteric diseases and has attracted considerable research support. In the information explosion that has followed, the traditional concerns of microbiologists and epidemiologists have been influenced by immunologists and physiologists belatedly recognizing the unique experiments of nature that . . .
Action of propranolol on the dog heart
Authors: J. D. HARRY, C. T. KAPPAGODA, R. J. LINDEN, H. M. SNOW
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The relationship between free heart rate and dP/dt max in the left ventricle induced by isoprenaline in the dog was changed by propranolol so that, for a given free heart rate, dP/dt max measured less in the presence of propranolol than in its absence. This effect of propranolol was not present in dogs previously depleted of catecholamines by treatment with reserpine. Propranolol and catecholamine depletion reduced the control dP/dt max by about 800 mm Hg/sec with no effect on the heart rate. It is concluded that propranolol (given intravenously) is a pure β-adrenoreceptor blocking drug unless the dose exceeds 1-2 mg/kg.
Clinical, Molecular, and Genetic Correlates of Lymphatic Spread in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nils Kroeger, David B. Seligson, Tobias Klatte, Edward N. Rampersaud, Frédéric D. Birkhäuser, P. Nagesh Rao, John T. Leppert, Nazy Zomorodian, Fairooz F. Kabbinavar, Arie S. Belldegrun, Allan J. Pantuck
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Charity Commission censures British cancer charities
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Charity Commission, the government organisation that oversees all British charities, last week censured the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) and the Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) for inadequacies in their mechanisms for supervising and evaluating research. The commission plans to consult the medical reseach community and draw up guidance on good practice for the funding of medical research by charities.

The commission began its investigation into the two charities, which between them have an annual income of pounds sterling 100m ($150m), after the publication of research that they had funded into the effectiveness of the complementary treatments offered by the Bristol Cancer Help Centre. The research, which was published in the Lancet in September 1990, showed that patients with breast cancer who attended the centre did worse than control patients who did not. The patients had not been randomised, and Sir …
Noninvasive detection of myocardial fibrosis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy using delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Harikrishna Tandri, Manoj Saranathan, E. Rene Rodriguez, Claudia Martinez, Chandra Bomma, Khurram Nasir, Boas Rosen, João A.C. Lima, Hugh Calkins, David A. Bluemke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
475. In Vivo Targeting of MLV(HIV) Pseudotype Vectors to T Lymphocytes in a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Silke Schuele, Stefanie Steidl, Sylvia Raupp, Cheick Coulibaly, Ulrich Kalinke, Klaus Cichutek, Matthias Schweizer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Retroviral vectors derived from murine leukemia virus (MLV) and pseudotyped with the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein enable specific gene transfer into CD4+ cells and may therefore be suitable for in vivo gene transfer for the treatment of various inherited or acquired disorders involving T cells including severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), AIDS or T cell lymphoma. In cell culture, MLV(HIV) vectors are not only specific for CD4, but also for HIV coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4, depending on the particular HIV Env protein used for pseudotyping.

Here we tested the in vivo distribution of a CD4/CCR5-specific MLV(HIV) pseudotype vector transferring the EGFP gene in a transgenic mouse strain expressing human CD4 and CCR5 under control of the murine CD4 promoter. At first, gene transfer specificity was demonstrated by ex vivo transduction of a mixed population of spleen lymphocytes. Only cells from double transgenic CD4+/CCR5+ mice were transduced by CD4/CCR5-tropic vectors, whereas gene transfer into lymphocytes from single transgenic CD4+or CCR5+ mice or double transgenic CD4+/CXCR4+ mice was not detectable. Subsequently, MLV(HIV) vectors were administered intravenously or intraperitoneally, and various tissues were analyzed for successful vector transfer. EGFP expression and vector sequences could be detected exclusively in lymphocytes from CD4+/CCR5+ mice, but neither in CD4+/CXCR4+mice nor in single transgenic CD4+, CXCR4, or CCR5+mice. In contrast, when using MLV control vectors pseudotyped with VSV-G, EGFP-expressing lymphocytes were readily detected in mice of all genotypes described.In summary, the suitability of MLV(HIV) vector particles for in vivo gene transfer and their specific tropism for CD4+/CCR5+ lymphocytes was demonstrated.
The Jak2V617F oncogene associated with myeloproliferative diseases requires a functional FERM domain for transformation and for expression of the Myc and Pim proto-oncogenes
Authors: Gerlinde Wernig, Jeffrey R. Gonneville, Brian J. Crowley, Margret S. Rodrigues, Mamatha M. Reddy, Heidi E. Hudon, Christoph Walz, Andreas Reiter, Klaus Podar, Yohan Royer, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Michael H. Tomasson, James D. Griffin, D. Gary Gilliland, Martin Sattler
Journal: Blood (2008)
Treatment of Intractable Lupus Nephritis with Total Lymphoid Irradiation
Authors: SAMUEL STROBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Ten patients with lupus nephritis and marked proteinuria (3.9 g or more/d) that did not respond adequately to treatment with prednisone alone or prednisone in combination with azathioprine were treated with total lymphoid irradiation in an uncontrolled feasibility study. Within 6 weeks after the start of total lymphoid irradiation, the serum albumin level rose in all patients in association with a reduction in the serum level of anti-DNA antibodies, an increase in the serum complement level, or both. Improvement in these variables persisted in eight patients followed for more than 1 year, with the stabilization or reduction of the serum creatinine level. Urinary leakage of albumin was substantially reduced in all patients. Side effects associated with radiotherapy included transient constitutional complaints in ten patients, transient blood element depressions in three, localized viral and bacterial infections in four, and ovarian failure in one. The results suggest that total lymphoid irradiation may provide an alternative to cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of lupus nephritis.
Multiple-Embryo Pregnancies
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Cryptorchidism: Main et al. Respond
Authors: Katharina M. Main, Jorma Toppari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Main et al. (2007) reported that elevated levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk, but not placenta, were associated with congenital cryptorchidism in Danish and Finnish boys.For the Danish cohort, the researchers used a case-cohort design in which biological samples were collected from all study participants, whereas for the Finnish cohort, they used a nested case-control design.The matching criteria used for Finnish mothers who gave birth to boys with cryptorchidism (measured at birth) and matched Finnish controls included the following: parity, smoking (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), gestational age (± 7 days), and date of birth (± 14 days).However, Main et al. (2007) did not provide information on adjustments made to account for the type/severity of diabetes (Virtanen et al. 2006), smoking habits (Kurahashi et al. 2005), alcohol consumption (Damgaard et al. 2007), cesarean section (Hjertkvist et al. 1989;Kurahashi et al. 2005), and other factors that may be associated with cryptorchidism.Interestingly, Main et al. did note that approximately 12% and 18% of breast milk samples and placentas, respectively, were obtained from diabetic Finnish mothers of cryptorchid boys, compared with 0% of controls (Main et al. 2007), but they conducted no further inquiry on this discrepancy.Damgaard et al. (2007) previously evaluated this same Danish-Finnish cohort and adjusted for confounders and effect modifiers for differences observed based on country, smoking, caffeine intake, alcohol consumption (including binge-drinking episodes), social class, maternal age, parity, maturity, and birth weight.Damgaard et al. (2007) noted an association between maternal alcohol consumption (≥ 5 drinks/week) and transient cryptorchidism.Despite these findings, Main et al. (2007) provided no information on stratified alcohol consumption or other potential confounders, such as caffeine intake or social class.Main et al. (2007) concluded that an association exists between PBDE levels in breast milk and cryptorchidism in boys, but we should be cautious of this interpretation, given that Main et al. (2007) may not have adequately addressed potential confounders.