tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diverse Effects of Increasing Lisinopril Doses on Lipid Abnormalities in Chronic Nephropathies
Authors: Piero Ruggenenti, Naobumi Mise, Roberto Pisoni, Federica Arnoldi, Anna Pezzotta, Annalisa Perna, Dario Cattaneo, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Dyslipidemia frequently complicates chronic nephropathies and increases the risk of renal and cardiovascular events. This might be ameliorated by drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which effectively reduce proteinuria.In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the extent to which uptitration of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril to maximum tolerated doses (median [range]: 30 [10 to 40] mg/d) ameliorated proteinuria and dyslipidemia in 28 patients with nondiabetic chronic nephropathies. Maximum lisinopril doses significantly and safely reduced proteinuria, serum total, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides without substantially affecting serum HDL and renal hemodynamics. Proteinuria already decreased at 10 mg/d. Serum lipids progressively and dose-dependently decreased during uptitration to maximum doses. Reduction in total and LDL cholesterol correlated with increases in serum albumin/total protein concentration and oncotic pressure, peaked at lisinopril maximum doses, and persisted after treatment withdrawal. Despite less proteinuria reduction, hypercholesterolemia decreased more (and reflected the increase in serum albumin) in hypoalbuminemic than in normoalbuminemic patients who, despite more proteinuria reduction, had less decrease in cholesterol and no changes in serum albumin. Changes in serum triglycerides were independent of changes in serum proteins, were strongly correlated with lisinopril doses (r=-0.89, P=0.003) and recovered promptly after treatment withdrawal. Lisinopril was well tolerated, did not affect renal hemodynamics, and caused symptomatic, reversible hypotension in only two patients.In chronic nephropathies, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor uptitration to maximum tolerated doses safely ameliorated hypertriglyceridemia by a direct, dose-dependent effect, and hypercholesterolemia through amelioration of the nephrotic syndrome, particularly in patients with more severe hypoalbuminemia.
A memorable patient: Compliments
Authors: Y. Choudhari
Journal: BMJ (2001)

During my specialist registrar rotation in obstetrics and gynaecology last year, I was posted to a busy district general hospital in Northern Ireland. One on call session was particularly busy. From Friday morning I attended more than 10 deliveries and performed four caesarean sections. By the early hours of Saturday morning, I was exhausted and praying that there would be no more operative deliveries before my replacement arrived. Unfortunately, a patient arrived at 6 am who needed almost immediate caesarean section. I hurriedly gulped a cup of tea while the spinal anaesthesia took effect and braced myself for another section.

The patient and her husband were told about the need for the operation and the risks involved before the procedure started. The husband was present in the operating room, sitting beside his wife and reassuring her. At the same time he was watching the operative procedure enthusiastically, though I did not notice his keen observation until he started talking to me.

Over the next half hour, he complimented me on my operative skills, starting with my preparation of the patient to the aesthetic wound closure using subcuticular stitches. He praised my speed of opening the abdomen, technique of delivering the baby, detailed knowledge of the anatomy, meticulous haemostasis, handling of instruments, tying of knots, and cosmetically beautiful closure. He was most impressed by my gentle tissue handling. Although tired, I was delighted with his explicit and generous compliments. His comments not only boosted my morale but also seemed to enhance my prestige among the other theatre staff, who were also listening to him.

With his knowledge of abdominal organs, I was sure that he belonged to the medical profession but could not tell what branch of surgery he was in. In my experience, surgeons are rarely so appreciative of other surgeons' technical skills, and I was pleasantly surprised by his kind gesture. At that moment, genuine appreciation by the patient and her relatives was possibly the biggest reward for an overworked and tired junior doctor like myself.

After completing the procedure, I had returned to the doctors' rest room when the husband walked in to thank me for a final time. I thanked him in return but could not resist asking him whether he was a doctor and which specialty he practised. Slightly embarrassed, he replied, “Oh no. I'm a butcher.”
West Nile virus deaths mount in US amid new concerns over renal damage
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The total number of cases of West Nile virus in the United States rose to 3142 and that of deaths to 134 in the latest set of national data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), on 18 September.1 More than half of the cases (1630) were of the more serious neuroinvasive form.

More recent data from Texas, the state hardest hit by the disease,2 3 list 1303 cases of infection,4 including 636 cases of neuroinvasive disease and 61 deaths.

West Nile virus in the United States was first identified in the New York area in …
Integrating Surgery with Targeted Therapies for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Ongoing Trials
Authors: Axel Bex, Eric Jonasch, Ziya Kirkali, Arnaud Mejean, Peter Mulders, Stephane Oudard, Jean-Jacques Patard, Thomas Powles, Hendrik van Poppel, Christopher G Wood
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Ian Urquhart Fraser
Authors: J. Cherry
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Rapid testing methods can identify outbreaks and trigger preventive strategies for slowing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The “gold-standard” detection method for SARS-CoV-2 is reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) performed on samples collected using a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab. While NP RT-qPCR provides high sensitivity, it requires trained personnel to administer and suffers from lengthy time-to-result. Recently, the testing community has turned to rapid saliva-based screening methods including saliva-to-RT-qPCR and/or saliva-to-RT-LAMP (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification) to identify infected individuals regardless of symptomatic presentation. Here, we report a simple and rapid RT-LAMP fluorometric assay performed directly on heat-inactivated saliva, without the addition of buffers or proteinase K treatments we call saliva LAMP (SLAMP). Over the course of two days, a total of 243 individuals were tested using NP RT-qPCR, saliva-based qPCR, and saliva-based RT-LAMP. Of the 243 NP RT-qPCR tests, 65 were positive, 178 were negative, and SLAMP demonstrated a 91% sensitivity and 98% specificity. SLAMP sensitivity becomes 95% when samples negative in saliva tests while positive in NP RT-qPCR are excluded from evaluation, potentially indicating significant differences in viral titer between collection sites on the body. SLAMP is performed in triplicates and takes 45 min to run in the laboratory, requiring less technician time and instrument run time than NP RT-qPCR. These results demonstrate that saliva-based RT-LAMP can enable frequent and rapid screening of large numbers of people to identify pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals thereby controlling outbreaks.
Abstract 411: PI3 Kinase gamma control of Arginase-1 expression promotes tumor immunosuppression
Authors: Michael C. Schmid, Philppe Foubert, Judith A. Varner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumor inflammation promotes angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and tumor growth. Tumor associated myeloid cells, which include incompletely differentiated myeloid derived suppressor cells, macrophages and granulocytes, establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumors through the expression of Arginase-1, which depletes the tumor microenvironment of arginine, thereby promoting T cell death and NK cell inhibition. Suppression of Arginase-1 expression and function could alter the course of cancer therapy by stimulating anti-tumor immunity to work in concert with anti-tumor vaccine or chemotherapeutic agents targeting tumor cell proliferation and survival. We found that myeloid cells express Arginase-1 in response to IL-6 stimulation in a Jak2/Stat3 and PI3Kinase gamma/mTORc1 dependent manner by promoting the activation of the transcriptional enhancer C/EBPbeta. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of Jak2, Stat3, PI3Kgamma, mTOR or C/EBPbeta suppressed expression of Arginase-1. Suppression of PI3Kgamma or Arginase-1 expression blocked myeloid cell induced death of T cells in vitro. PI3Kgamma inhibition blocked Arginase-1 expression in vivo, thereby increasing the number of CD8+ T cells in tumors, stimulating T cell-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells in vivo and suppressing growth and metastasis of implanted and spontaneous tumors. These studies reveal that suppression of Arginase-1 expression with PI3Kgamma or Jak2/Stat3 inhibitors can serve as an effective therapeutic strategy in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 411. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-411
A Case of Complete Rupture of the Urethra, with Extravasation of Urine
Authors: E. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1886)

descending from his warehouse, fell off the ladder astride the iron handle of a truck standing vertically.Shortly after the accident, in trying to relieve the desire for micturition, he noticed a stream of blood coming from his meatus, followed with difficulty in the passage of urine.He lost about two ounces of blood.October 5th, 1885.He at once sent for me, and on examination the perinnum was found to be slightly swollen, excessively tender, with a small skin-abrasion in the centre.He was ordered a hip-bath, and sent to bed.A few hours later, with the assistance of my father, all our attempts to pass a catheter failed, a quantity of blood followed these attempts.Warm fomentations were applied to the perinaum, which somewhat relieved the pain.October 6th.Micturition was difficult and painful; the urine was pre- cededby afew drops of blood, and followed by a "peculiar creeping, smart- ing sensation," referred by the patient to the perinneum.The swelling in the perinseum had increased, and become harder.There was no oozing from the skin-abrasion.Temperature 1000 Fahr.For the next three days, his temperature ranged between 100°Fahr.and 1010 Fahr.
Evaluation of CD83 antigen in the normal mammary epithelium and fibroadenoma human.
Authors: MN Borges, ID Silva, BB Silva, JT Araujo Neto, G Facina, AC Nazario
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2038 Background: The immune response initiation requests the capture and the presentation of the antigens to the specific lymphocytes. The cells that has this capacity are denominated antigen-presenting cells, and the dendritic cell (DC) is the one that has larger specialization degree for these functions. The DC maturation it is considered essential for the beginning of the immune response. The CD83 antigen is a co-stimulator, member of the immunoglobulin superfamily with 45Kd, and your expression is an important marker of the maturation of DC.&amp;#x2028; Objectives: To analyze the CD83 antigen expression in the human's breast fibroadenoma and in the adjacent breast tissue and to identify the clinical features that can influence this expression.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study where 29 histopathologic materials of breast fibroadenomas and the adjacent breast tissue, of 28 women in reproductive age, were analyzed. The immunohistochemistry method was used for analysis of the CD83 antigen expression and, subsequently, the cells were counted by light microscopy. A thousand epithelium cells of each case were analyzed (five hundred of the fibroadenoma and five hundred of the adjacent breast tissue) for statistical calculation of the expression or not of the antigen reaction in the cells. We used parametric test (t-Student) for statistical analysis of the results.&amp;#x2028; Results: The CD83 antigen expression positive in the fibroadenoma's cells (365.52 ± 133.13) in relation to the adjacent breast tissue's cells (189.59 ± 140.75) was statistically greater (p &amp;lt;0.001). Several clinical features were analyzed, however, only parity showed influence in the expression of the CD83 antigen in the adjacent mammary tissues, and the positive expression was more evident in nulliparous women (p=0.042).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: The CD83 antigen expression was statistically greater in the breast fibroadenoma's cells, when compared with the one of the adjacent breast tissue. No clinical variable influenced CD83 expression in the breast's fibroadenoma, however, it was significantly greater in the adjacent normal breast tissue of nulliparous women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2038.
Another First! My Kingdom for a First!
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The trenchant penchant for a<i>first</i>in medical research is a splendid aim, but more beautiful still is the glory of having described a rare disease, to which one's name becomes attached. This has become increasingly difficult, as diseases are replaced by syndromes, and science is now running out of syndromes. It is still possible, however, to describe the first case of a common disease, found west of the Mississippi in a Piute whose right ear was larger than his left. This permits vengeance to be taken by another discoverer who shows it to have been only the second case in a Piute, and that two cases had also been found in non-Piutes with larger<i>left</i>ears. Sweet is the Taste Of Love's First Kiss! But Sweeter yet Is Revenge. —Old Song These ripostes are delicious in the same way that Alice in Wonderland is tasteful. Let
Advances in the management of UVR-associated skin cancers: autoimmune diseases and UV protection
Authors: H.I. Lee, M. Worm
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Ultra violet radiation (UVR) is an important feature for the development or aggravation of several dermatologic diseases. In autoimmune skin diseases it has been suggested as an important cofactor in autoimmune bullous skin diseases and more importantly cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). The pathophysiological role of UVR in CLE is a result of several effects which are triggered by UVR. In detail UVR induces apoptosis of keratinocytes and an abnormal local immune response which triggers inflammation in the skin. These findings result in the clinical approach of a stringent UVR protection in affected patients. Currently UVR protection is advised to patients as a supportive measure but cannot be prescribed to patients as these products are not licensed. Well-defined prospective placebo controlled studies regarding UVR protection are missing.
Perfumery: The Psychology and Biology of Fragrance
Authors: Vincent P. Calabrese
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The editors of this book have attempted to bring together aspects of the biology and psychology of scents on a comprehensive though elementary level, and it should be pointed out right from the start what the book is not. It is not a comprehensive study of the neurophysiology or neuroanatomy of olfaction. It is clear from the language of the book that it is primarily directed toward perfumers or at least to those who are well versed in the perfumers' art. The book is divided into five parts; the first contains a discussion of the authors' teleologic theory of why humans have evolved with a poor sense of smell (so as to preserve the nuclear family) and why the use of fragrances has become acceptable. The second part is an interesting account of the response to natural human odors, in particular some of the "odorous steroids" secreted in sweat. The
P93 HYPOXIA UNDER SORAFENIB TREATMENT UPREGULATES SDF1a/CXCR4 RESULTING IN MYOFIBROBLAST ACTIVATION, GR1+ CELL INFILTRATION, AND DESMOPLASIA IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: T. Reiberger, Y. Chen, P. Huang, G.Y. Lauwers, A.X. Zhu, R.K. Jain, D.G. Duda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Heparanase-enhanced shedding of syndecan-1 by myeloma cells promotes endothelial invasion and angiogenesis
Authors: Anurag Purushothaman, Toru Uyama, Fumi Kobayashi, Shuhei Yamada, Kazuyuki Sugahara, Alan C. Rapraeger, Ralph D. Sanderson
Journal: Blood (2010)
Induction of apoptosis by transforming growth factor-β1 in the rat hepatoma cell line MCA-RH7777: A possible association with tissue transglutaminase expression
Authors: Kazunori Fukuda, Masamichi Kojiro, Jen-Fu Chiu
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We report here that transforming growth factor-β1 induces cell death in the Morris hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777. We assessed the type of cell death induced by transforming growth factor-β1 in this hepatoma cell line on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. Dying cells, which detached from the cell monolayer, showed morphological characteristics of apoptosis (programmed cell death) such as chromatin condensation, nuclear disintegration and cellular fragmentation into clusters of eosinophilic globules. DNA isolated from these cells showed a ladder pattern consisting of multimers of 180 to 190 bp, indicating extensive DNA cleavage into oligonucleosomal units by an endogenous endonuclease. Treatment of the dead cells with detergents and chaotropic agents resulted in formation of insoluble shells, so-called apoptotic bodies, suggesting extensive cross-linking of cell proteins by tissue transglutaminase. Furthermore, increased amounts of cytosolic tissue transglutaminase, which has been recognized as a possible marker of apoptosis, and extensive crosslinking of cytokeratin polypeptides was demonstrated in TGF-β1-treated hepatoma cells on immunoblot analysis. These results provide strong evidence that the cell death induced by TGF-β1 in McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells is mainly apoptotic. It also suggests that a specific induction of the cytosolic tissue transglutaminase may be involved in the TGF-β1-induced pathways of apoptotic cell death in McA-RH7777 hepatoma cells. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:945-953).
Strategies for dealing with loss of hearing in adulthood
Authors: A. J. Kvalsvig
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I greatly enjoyed Ibrahim’s account of hearing loss and cochlear implantation.1 While I suspect that a formal study along the lines of “The epidemiology of cochlear implantation in epidemiologists” would ultimately founder under sample size considerations, I find it interesting to consider one aspect where our preimplantation experience diverged.

If you lose your hearing in adulthood and don’t fancy the idea of hiding away from other people for ever, you have to choose between one of two strategies. Will you be a “nodder and smiler” or a “collar grabber”?

Nodders and smilers hope to “pass” as a hearing person: if they can’t follow the conversation, they just keep quiet and hope no one will notice. Collar grabbers, on the other hand, are forthright about expressing their communication needs. Ibrahim, …
The Three-Phase Bone Scan and Exercise Induced Lower-Leg Pain
Authors: DENNIS R. SAMUELSON, RICHARD L. CRAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The three-phase bone scan is finding increasing utility in acute and chronic pain syndromes in sports medicine settings. This useful technique may have significant clinical application in assessing the increasing numbers of patients with exercise induced lower leg or medial tibial pain. The authors present a case of exertional lower leg pain or medial tibial pain in which three-phase bone imaging exhibited a dramatic increase in early flow after a simple derived exercise stress. The three-phase bone scan should play a key role in the assessment of exercise pain, and may be enhanced by the addition of simple exercise intervention.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Adults 40 Years Old or Less: Young Age is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Cancer-Specific Survival
Authors: Xavier Taccoen, Antoine Valeri, Jean-Luc Descotes, Vincent Morin, Eric Stindel, Laurent Doucet, Vincent Joulin, Frederic Bocqueraz, Christian Coulange, Jean-Jacques Rambeaud, Georges Fournier, Arnaud Mejean
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Dispute over HIV ownership ends
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

High security patients need local care, says report Psychiatric care for patients who need to be in high security hospitals should be moved out of large isolated institutions into centres with only 200 places each, says a report published by the Department of Health.Care is currently concentrated in three special hospitals-Ashworth, Broadmoor, and Rampton-run by the Special Hospitals Service Authority.Recent reports into the quality of care in these hospitals, which together house nearly 1700 patients, have supported allegations of improper care and ill treatment.An inquiry into standards of care in Ashworth Hospital in 1992 made 90 recommendations for improvements, and its chairman, Sir Louis Blom-Cooper, wrote to the health secretary questioning the need for special hospitals.This report, from a working party chaired by Dr John Reed, senior principal medical officer at the Department of Health, says that, while such hospitals are likely to con- tinue to provide care for some time, patients should be increasingly cared for in the com- munity and close to their families.It argues that the centralisation of high security services is incompatible with providing patients with the best possible quality of life.Patients in the south west, west midlands, north east, and Wales are considered to be "unacceptably far from a special hospital."Over two thirds of patients in special hos- pitals are detained under court orders or directions of the home secretary.The report cites studies that suggest that up to half the patients in these hospitals do not need high security.It recommends increasing the num- ber of medium secure places, particularly for patients with long term needs, but says that sites for such units must be larger and have more educational activities than current medium secure units.The report recommends that all units offering high security care should become part of NHS trusts.It is adamant, however, that responsibility for purchasing such ser- vices should be retained centrally until safe- guards are set up to ensure that treatment is never delayed for financial reasons.MIND, the mental health charity, accused the government of sitting on the report, which was completed in April 1993 but published only last week.John Bowis, the junior health minister, said that officials from the Department of Health, Home Office, and Special Hospitals Service Authority would spend a further six months reviewing the report before reporting to ministers on its implications.Broadmoor hospital: too big and too isolated
Relative Frequency Vs Incidence
Authors: S. J. Standfast
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Philip Rubin can be commended in general for his presentation of the present knowledge and controversy in the study and management of breast cancer (<b>199</b>:732, 1967). However, he has made an error in interpretation of Fig 1, which he states as illustrating that "the age distribution of total cases of breast cancer is at variance with the annual incidence of all cancer, skewing the curve into a younger population." In the first place, these two curves are at variance by definition, since one is a<i>relative frequency distribution</i>of patients' ages and the other is a line graph of age-specific<i>inci-</i><i>dence rates;</i>the two curves are not comparable under any circumstances. Secondly, by referring back to Dr. Rubin's source, one discovers that he has borrowed Berkson's poorly labelled graph without the benefit of the statistician's accompanying text which clarifies and correctly describes the figure.