tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE STATE CIVIL MEDICAL SERVICES: With Special Reference to the Poor Law and the Reorganization of the Home Civil Medical Service
Authors: J. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1910)

tion of the religious foundations was to bring into- prominence the presence in the country of those who were unable to provide themselves, through mis- fortune or disease, with sufficient food, clothing, and shelter.This evil grew to great proportions, and in the forty-third year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth an Act was passed by Parliament to meet the evil and to- provide relief for the poor.The organization for distributing this relief was first constructed at this time, and to-day the same organization with minor modifications is still in force.In this reign provision was made only for relief in- the way of food and shelter to the poor, and it did not occur to the authorities then, nor for some 150 to. 200years after, that the poor, in addition to help
Extra money for NHS will bring underfunded areas closer to target level, NHS England announces
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A £1.5bn additional investment in frontline NHS services earmarked for next year will be targeted towards the most distressed local health economies, NHS England has announced.

The money, which will be invested through clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England in 2015-16, forms the bulk of the £2bn cash injection to the NHS announced by the chancellor, George Osborne, in his recent autumn statement.1 The remaining £480m will be used to support transformation in primary care, mental health, and local health economies.

At its meeting on Wednesday 17 December NHS England’s …
Antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine increases engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells in immune-deficient mice
Authors: Linping Hu, Hui Cheng, Yingdai Gao, Ming Shi, Yanfeng Liu, Zheng Hu, Jing Xu, Lugui Qiu, Weiping Yuan, Anskar Yu-Hung Leung, Yong-Guang Yang, Tao Cheng
Journal: Blood (2014)
Intolerance to Aspirin
Authors: MAX SAMTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Angioedema and rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and bronchial asthma of aspirin-sensitive patients are acquired diseases that develop, as a rule, after middle age in predominantly nonatopic patients. In many instances, nasal and bronchial symptoms precede the development of intolerance to aspirin by months or even by years. Salicylates other than acetylsalicylic acid fail to produce symptoms in aspirin-sensitive patients. Exposure to several chemicals, on the other hand, that are structurally unrelated to aspirin can induce comparable "aspirin-like" symptoms. The structural dissimilarity of these compounds is so pronounced that immunological cross-reactivity appears most unlikely. The substances that have been found to induce aspirin-like symptoms have one characteristic in common—they are strong minor analgesics and include pyrazolones and indomethacin as well as aspirin. Peripheral analgesics might act on peripheral chemoreceptors and initiate a series of reflexes that might produce either angioedema, or rhinitis and bronchial asthma, or all of these.
P17.57 * COMBINED CHEMORADIATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA: COMPARISON OF TWO RADIATION SCHEDULES
Authors: G. Minniti, C. Scaringi, T. Falco, G. Lanzetta, V. De Sanctis, R. Maurizi Enrici
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Current treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) in the elderly population includes surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy, however the optimal management of disease remains a matter of debate. Both standard and hypofractionated RT in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) have been employed with reported survival benefit; however, aggressive treatments in this population may be associated with high risks of neurological toxicity. We have compared the efficacy of concomitant and adjuvant TMZ in combination with standard RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) or short-term RT (40 Gy in 15 fractions) in patients aged 70 years and older with a newly diagnosed GBM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-five consecutive patients ≥ 70 years old with a newly diagnosed GBM were treated with standard RT plus TMZ at the dose of 75 mg/m2 per day followed by adjuvant TMZ (150-200 mg/m2 for 5 days during each 28-day cycle) up to 12 cycles. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity were evaluated and compared with the results observed in a prospective trial of elderly patients with GBM treated with an abbreviated course of RT. RESULTS: Median OS was 12 months in patients treated with standard chemoradiation and 12.4 months in those treated with short-term RT plus TMZ (p= 0.2), and respective 1-year survival rates were 50% and 58%. The median and 1-year PFS rates were 6 months and 23% in standard RT plus TMZ group and 6 months and 20% in short-term RT plus TMZ group, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 hemathological toxicity was similar in both groups. Neurological grade 2/3 toxicity occurred in 35% of patients treated with standard RT/TMZ and 10% of those treated with short-term RT/TMZ. MGMT promoter methylation was associated with longer survival in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of an abbreviated course of RT plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ is associated with similar survival benefit as for standard chemoradiation, although with potential lower risks of neurological deterioration. Future randomized studies need to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different schedules of RT in association with chemotherapy.
High-Calorie-Expenditure Exercise
Authors: Philip A. Ades, Patrick D. Savage, Michael J. Toth, Jean Harvey-Berino, David J. Schneider, Janice Y. Bunn, Marie C. Audelin, Maryann Ludlow
Journal: Circulation (2009)

More than 80% of patients entering cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are overweight, and >50% have metabolic syndrome. Current CR exercise protocols result in little weight loss and minimal changes in cardiac risk factors. We sought to design an exercise protocol that would lead to greater weight loss and risk factor change.We performed a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of high-calorie-expenditure exercise (3000- to 3500-kcal/wk exercise-related energy expenditure) compared with standard CR exercise (7 to 800 kcal/wk) on weight loss and risk factors in 74 overweight patients with coronary heart disease. Both groups were counseled for weight loss and taking evidence-based preventive medications. High-calorie-expenditure exercise resulted in double the weight loss (8.2+/-4 versus 3.7+/-5 kg; P<0.001) and fat mass loss (5.9+/-4 versus 2.8+/-3 kg; P<0.001) and a greater waist reduction (-7+/-5 versus -5+/-5 cm; P=0.02) than standard CR exercise at 5 months. High-calorie-expenditure exercise reduced insulin resistance, measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, along with the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and components of the metabolic syndrome, more than standard CR exercise (each P<0.01). Overall, fat mass loss best predicted improved metabolic risk, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 59% to 31%. Changes in cardiac risk factors included decreased insulin resistance, increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreased measures of insulin, triglycerides, blood pressure, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (each P<0.05). Significant weight loss was maintained at 1 year.High-calorie-expenditure exercise promotes greater weight loss and more favorable cardiometabolic risk profiles than standard CR for overweight coronary patients.
Structure of the granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor gene in patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jacqueline Boultwood, Gail Abrahamson, Veronica J. Buckle, Katrina Rack, David G. Oscier, James S. Wainscoat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

DNA samples from 76 patients with the myelodysplastic syndromes, including 10 cases with a partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q-), were examined for structural rearrangements of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene. No abnormalities were detected, indicating that structural aberrations of this gene are not a feature of the myelodysplastic syndromes.
Tumor necrosis factor $alpha; as an endogenous stimulator for circulating coupling factor 6
Authors: S SASAKI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: We recently showed that mitochondrial coupling factor 6 (CF6) is present as a pressor substance and a prostacyclin inhibitor in systemic circulation. However, the regulation mechanism for circulating CF6 is unknown. We investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the generation and release of CF6. Methods and results: We used two kinds of cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and ECV-304. The concentration of CF6 in the medium increased with time in both ECV-304 and HUVEC. Treatment of ECV-304 and HUVEC with TNF-α enhanced the release of CF6 in a dose-dependent manner concomitantly with the decrease in CF6 content in the mitochondria at 24 h. The released CF6 was characterized to be an active full-length peptide by Western blot. The ratio of CF6 to GAPDH mRNA, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, was 1.7 fold increased at 1 h after exposure to TNF-α in ECV-304 and HUVEC. This enhanced gene expression and release was blocked or suppressed by 70% by stable transfection of dominant negative mutant IκB kinase α whose efficacy was confirmed by blockade of translocation of NF-κB p65 protein and of degradation of IκBα protein. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell surface-associated CF6 was significantly increased at 24 h after TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: TNF-α stimulates the gene expression of CF6 via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, and promotes the release of CF6 from ECV-304 and HUVEC.
TCT-253 The Deleterious Implications of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Vascular Intervention: Observations from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium Vascular Interventions Collaborative (BMC2 VIC)
Authors: Paul M. Grossman, Yeo Jung Park, Michael J. Boros, Timothy J. Nypaver, Herbert Aronow, Theodore Schreiber, Peter Henke, Hitinder S. Gurm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Human tissue-type plasminogen activator: from the laboratory to the bedside.
Authors: D Collen
Journal: Circulation (1985)

AUGUST 1983, it was anticipated from biochemical observations and physiologic results in experimen- tal animals that human tissue-type plasminogen activa- tor (t-PA) held considerable promise as a clot-specific, coronary thrombolytic agent for patients with acute myocardial infarction.'This anticipation has been ful- filled remarkably promptly by clinical research.2-1Re- cently reported results from several randomized clini- cal trials3-1 punctuate a long series of antecedent laboratory, preclinical, and clinical investigations.Ac- cordingly, research focused on t-PA serves as a par- ticularly good example of productive, sequential de- velopments and collaborations involving investigators from disparate disciplines in academe and industry.This report summarizes some of the seminal studies in the development and characterization of native t-PA and the recombinant DNA-produced t-PA used in multicenter trials reported recently.3-5Although t-PA was identified in the 1 940s, its isola- tion and characterization were hampered by inad- equate sources and purification procedures.In 1980, an attractive procedure for the isolation of human t-PA was developed by Rijken et al. ,6 yielding approximately 1 mg of t-PA from 5 kg of human uterine tissue.Subsequent development of t-PA and its application to coronary thrombolysis has progressed along four main lines: (1) isolation and characterization of t-PA from the Bowes melanoma cell line, (2) cloning and expres- sion of the human t-PA gene, (3) delineation of the efficacy of purified t-PA in experimental animals with induced coronary thrombosis, and (4) evaluation of the coronary thrombolytic efficacy of t-PA in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Isolation and characterization of t-PA from the Bowes melanoma cell line.The Bowes melanoma cell line was provided to us by
What can auditory neuroethology tell us about speech processing?
Authors: David R. Moore, Andrew J. King
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

A systematic relationship between the acoustic structure and phonemic content of speech raises the possibility that processing strategies similar to those described in animals with highly specialized hearing may also operate in the human brain. This idea could be tested by analyzing animal communication calls into locus equations and using those as stimulus tools in neurophysiological studies of auditory neurons.
Targeted TLR9-activation/STAT3-blocking abrogates immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells from late-stage prostate cancer patients
Authors: Dewan Md Sakib Hossain, Dayson Moreira, Qifang Zhang, Stephen J Forman, Sumanta Pal, Marcin Kortylewski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Recent clinical advances underscored that elimination of tumor-induced immunosuppression is prerequisite for successful therapy of advanced human cancers. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major populations limiting T cell-mediated antitumor immune
AML with 11q23/MLL abnormalities as defined by the WHO classification: incidence, partner chromosomes, FAB subtype, age distribution, and prognostic impact in an unselected series of 1897 cytogenetically analyzed AML cases
Authors: Claudia Schoch, Susanne Schnittger, Mirjam Klaus, Wolfgang Kern, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Torsten Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2003)
SAT0462 Experience with Tocilizumab in 29 Patients with Systemic Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: G. Horneff, N. Onken, A. Hospach, G. Ganser, H. I. Huppertz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Since Tocilizumab has been approved for systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (soJIA) for ages 2 to 18 in 2011, children treated with Tocilizumab have been monitored prospectively in the German Biologics Register (BiKeR). <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and safety in soJIA patients treated with Tocilizumab. <h3>Methods</h3> Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and disease activity parameters have been documented. Efficacy was determined using the PedACR 30/50/70 response criteria and JADAS. Safety assessments were based on adverse events reports from the primary responsible physician. <h3>Results</h3> 29 sJIA patients (55% male) have been identified. Treatment with tocilizumab started at a mean (±SD) age of 9.9±5.3 years (1.5-19 years) after a disease duration of 5.8±4.7 years. Less than 30% started early, during the first 2 years of the disease. Numerous pre-treatments consisted of 39 courses of several immunosuppressive drugs (methotrexate 23, cyclosporine A 9, others 7) and 29 courses of several biologics (etanercept 18, anakina 7, canakinumab 2, abatacept 1, adalimumab 1 in 17 patients. Tocilizumab was the first biologic in 12 patients. A high proportion of patients showed a significant response to treatment. Upon Tocilizumab, the number of swollen joints decreased by 91%, active joints by 78%, the patient's global by 54%, physician's global by 54%, the CHAQ-DI by 55%, the ESR by 79% and the CRP by 96%. At last observation after a mean (median) of 16 (11) months, the pedACR30/50/70 score was reached by 66%/66%/45% of patients. The percentage of patients who met the criteria of 30%/50%/70% improvement at last documentation when Tocilizumab was the first introduced biological agent was 55%/55%/46% compared to 77%/77%/70% when Tocilizumab was initiated after failing to another biologics. 23 adverse events have been observed, mostly non-serious, including 3 medically important infections (herpes zoster, influenza, pneumonia), two cases with cytopenias, 2 patients with generalized urticaria. There were 3 serious adverse events (2 MAS, 1 herpes zoster), all resolved completely. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tocilizumab was efficacious in systemic JIA as a first and also as a second introduced biological agent. No new safety signals were noted. Infections, cytopenias and macrophage activation syndrome have been observed. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study would not have been possible without the collaboration of numerous German and Austrian pediatric rheumatologists, patients and their parents. The German Registry is supported by Abbott, Pfizer and Roche, Germany. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> G. Horneff Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbott, Roche, N. Onken: None Declared, A. Hospach: None Declared, G. Ganser: None Declared, H. Huppertz Consultant for: for Abbott, Pfizer, Roche, Swedish Orphan, Speakers bureau: Pfizer
India has widespread drug problem, report says
Authors: Sanjay Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Millions of Indians are dependent on alcohol, cannabis, and opiates, and drug misuse is a pervasive phenomenon in Indian society, says a new report, published jointly by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and India's Ministry of Social Justice.

The report was completed more than 18 months ago but was only recently published because its findings were not acceptable to the government of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which was in power until May this year.

“They [the previous government] did not want to admit the magnitude of the problem indicated by the national household survey and that this …
Bone marrow transplantation prolongs life span and ameliorates neurologic manifestations in Sandhoff disease mice.
Authors: F Norflus, C J Tifft, M P McDonald, G Goldstein, J N Crawley, A Hoffmann, K Sandhoff, K Suzuki, R L Proia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of severe, neurodegenerative conditions that include Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and the GM2 activator deficiency. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was examined as a potential treatment for these disorders using a Sandhoff disease mouse model. BMT extended the life span of these mice from approximately 4.5 mo to up to 8 mo and slowed their neurologic deterioration. BMT also corrected biochemical deficiencies in somatic tissues as indicated by decreased excretion of urinary oligosaccharides, and lower glycolipid storage and increased levels of beta-hexosaminidase activity in visceral organs. Even with neurologic improvement, neither clear reduction of brain glycolipid storage nor improvement in neuronal pathology could be detected, suggesting a complex pathogenic mechanism. Histological analysis revealed beta-hexosaminidase-positive cells in the central nervous system and visceral organs with a concomitant reduction of colloidal iron-positive macrophages. These results may be important for the design of treatment approaches for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
Predicting psychiatric admission rates.
Authors: B. Jarman, S. Hirsch, P. White, R. Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the numbers of actual and expected psychiatric admissions for the residents of the district health authorities of England and to develop a model to indicate which social, health status, and service provision factors best explain the variation of the actual from the expected psychiatric admissions; to use this model to predict psychiatric admission for district health authorities as an aid to resource allocation. DESIGN--The actual psychiatric admission for district health authority residents were extracted from data of the 1986 Mental Health Enquiry. Expected admissions were calculated using the age, sex, and marital status structure of each district health authority and the national psychiatric admission rates related to age, sex, and marital status. Standardised psychiatric admission ratios were calculated as the ratios of the numbers of actual to expected psychiatric admissions. A wide range of social, health status, and service provision data were used as the explanatory variables in regression analyses to determine which combination of factors best explained the variation between districts of standardised psychiatric admission ratios. SETTING--The 168,652 psychiatric admissions recorded for the 1986 Mental Health Enquiry, after exclusion of mental handicap and psychogeriatric admissions. RESULTS--The actual number of psychiatric admissions varied from 79% above to 54% below the expected number of admissions from age, sex, and marital status for the districts of England. The most powerful variables to explain this variation were the rate of notification of drug misusers, standardised mortality ratios, and levels of illegitimacy in each district. A complex model was developed which could be used to predict district psychiatric admissions as an aid to resource allocation. A simpler model was also developed (which was less powerful than the more complex model) based on the underprivileged area score. One advantage of this model was that it could be used at the level of electoral wards as well as district health authorities.
Lack of Improvement in Patients With Acute Stroke After Treatment With Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Gustavo Saposnik, Bryan Young, Brian Silver, Silvia Di Legge, Fiona Webster, Vadim Beletsky, Vivek Jain, Yongchai Nilanont, Vladimir Hachinski
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextThe focus of thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke has been on favorable outcome at 3 months.Few studies have analyzed outcome at 24 hours.An early and reliable prediction of poor outcome has implications for clinical management and discharge planning.Objective To evaluate predictors of lack of improvement at 24 hours after receiving alteplase and their relationship with poor outcome at 3 months.Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with acute stroke who received alteplase and were admitted to a university hospital from January 1999 to March 2003.Participants were recruited from 2 academic centers in a major city in Ontario and 33 affiliated hospitals from 7 counties.Main Outcome Measures Lack of improvement defined as a difference between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline and at 24 hours of 3 points or less.Poor outcome at 3 months defined by a modified Rankin Scale score of 3 to 5 or death. ResultsAmong 216 patients with acute stroke who were treated with alteplase, 111 (51.4%) had a lack of improvement at 24 hours.After adjusting for age, sex, and stroke severity, baseline glucose level on admission (odds ratio [OR] 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-5.99for a glucose level Ͼ144 mg/dL [Ͼ8 mmol/L]), cortical involvement (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.36-5.20),and time to treatment (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.0-1.02for each 1 minute increase in time to treatment) were independent predictors of lack of improvement.At 3 months, 43 patients (20.2%) had died; of the 170 survivors, 75 patients (44%) had poor outcomes.After adjusting for age, sex, and stroke severity, lack of improvement at 24 hours was an independent predictor of poor outcome (OR, 12.9; 95%CI, 5.7-29.6)and death (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.9-19.6).Patients with a lack of improvement had longer lengths of hospitalization (14.5 vs 9.6 days; P=.02).Conclusions Among patients with acute stroke treated with thrombolytic therapy, lack of improvement at 24 hours is associated with poor outcome and death at 3 months.Elevated glucose level, time to thrombolytic therapy, and cortical involvement were predictors of lack of improvement.