tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Volume Hormones and Blood Pressure
Authors: JACQUES GENEST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Four major volume hormones may be involved in human hypertension: aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, inhibitors of NA+/K+ ATPase activity, and the natriuretic factor from specific granules of atrial cardiocytes. Because there is no increase in either blood or extracellular fluid volumes, or total exchangeable sodium in patients with mild essential hypertension, the mechanism of action of the volume hormones must be through their effect on sodium regulation, intracellular concentration, and the related enhancement of arteriolar sensitivity and responsiveness. A review of the evidence relating these hormones to blood pressure regulation emphasizes inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and the potent natriuretic and diuretic factor found in homogenates of rat atria.
High-dose interferon-alpha induction treatment combined with ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in congenital coagulation disorders. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: K. Meijer, M.C. Kappers-Klunne, I.R.O. Novakova, E.P. Mausser-Bunschoten, M.M.W. Koopman, P.J. Voogt, F.W.G. Leebeek, E.B. HaagsmA, W.M. Smid, J. Schirm, N.J.G.M. Veeger, J. Van der Meer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Interaction Between Plastic Catheter Tubings and Regular Insulin Preparations Used for Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin-Infusion Therapy
Authors: Ernst Chantelau, Gisela Lange, Manfred Gasthaus, Michael Boxberger, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

In search of possible interactions between plastic tubings used for insulin-pump treatment and commercial regular insulin preparations, various catheter sets made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and nylon plastics were perfused at 30 degrees C in a laboratory setting for up to 72 h. The perfused insulin solutions were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Although no plasticizer, e.g., dioctyl phthalate, or nickel or chromium ions were found in the perfusates, substantial interactions between the plastics and the insulin solutions were detected, extraction of bacteriostatic additives from the insulin solutions in particular. The PVC retained up to 88% of the bacteriostatics from the insulin preparations, whereas PE tubings retained only 10-15%. Whether the loss of preservatives during perfusion through PVC catheters predisposes to cutaneous infections during insulin-pump therapy remains to be shown.
Study of device to treat severely injured soldiers in Iraq was fake, claims army
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A top surgeon has been charged by officials at Walter Reed Army Medical Center with falsifying data from a study about the efficacy of a surgical device used to treat soldiers in Iraq with blast injuries to the tibia. 

He is also charged with forging the signatures of all four of his coauthors in the study ( Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2008;90:1068-72).

The 48 year old surgeon, Timothy Kuklo, claimed a 92% success rate in treating open tibia fractures with the Infuse device, a small cage that contains protein used in the manufacture of new bone. The article, “Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 …
A programme of "compassionate conversations" to help staff cope
Authors: S. E. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (2014)

2013 was a terrible year for the NHS as a whole, and for nurses in particular.1 There is a dichotomy between most staff who remain compassionate in very challenging circumstances and those few who have lapses in compassion. Edmund Burke said that good men need only do nothing to allow evil to triumph (he was speaking of lapses rather than actual evil). Many may have known something, but …
Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Fractionated Total Lymphoid Irradiation in Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: David E. Trentham, James A. Belli, Ronald J. Anderson, Judith A. Buckley, Edward J. Goetzl, John R. David, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Ten patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were given 3000 rad of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in an uncontrolled therapeutic trial. Total lymphoid irradiation was associated with objective evidence of considerable clinical improvement in eight patients and with reduced blood lymphocyte counts in all 10. On completion of irradiation, there was an abrogation of lymphocyte reactivity in vitro in the patients with clinical responses, but abnormal antibody activities characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis and normal components of humoral immunity were not suppressed. Partial recrudescence of arthritis occurred shortly after a year after the completion of irradiation and was paralleled by a restitution of lymphocyte concentrations and responsiveness to mitogens to levels similar to those observed before irradiation. These data provide further evidence of T-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrate that total lymphoid irradiation can induce temporary relief, but they do not ascertain whether the natural history of this disease was altered.
Guggulsterone: A potent farnesoid X receptor antagonist and its rapidly evolving role as a systemic anticarcinogenic agent
Authors: Shailendra Kapoor
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The recent article by Frankenberg et al. about how the membrane protein adenosine triphosphatase class I type 8B member 1 signals through protein kinase C zeta to activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was highly though-provoking and fascinating.1 The authors have clearly illustrated the important role of FXRs in human physiology and pathology. Modulation of FXR function has been in focus recently, and an interesting new antagonist (guggulsterone) has been identified in this regards. The potential role of guggulsterone in clinical medicine has been highlighted by recent studies that have demonstrated its beneficial effects in diseases ranging from systemic malignancies to morbid obesity. For instance, guggulsterone has an antiproliferative effect not just on dermatologic malignancies2 such as malignant melanomas but also on a myriad number of other localized malignancies such as breast carcinomas as well as a number of systemic hematological malignancies such as leukemias.3 These antiproliferative effects are in part due to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.4 Guggulsterone also effectively and remarkably induces apoptosis in cell lines derived from Barrett's esophagitis. In fact, guggulsterone attenuates the expression of the FXR secondary to stimulation by bile acids in subjects with Barrett's esophagitis.5 Barrett's esophagitis is a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma and this inhibitory effect may have a major role to play in the near future in cancer chemoprevention in patients with Barrett's esophagitis.6 Guggulsterone performs these functions by the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation7 in tissues ranging from myeloma cells to pancreatic tissue.8 Besides anticarcinogenic properties, guggulsterone also has highly beneficial cardiovascular effects as a result of its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties9 and also prevents cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta cells.8 Guggulsterone also inhibits differentiation of adipocytes and may thus have a potential role in weight loss.10 Similarly, Lee et al. have recently shown that guggulsterone also blocks interleukin-1beta–mediated inflammatory responses in synoviocytes.11 The data from all these studies support the rapidly expanding evidence in support of the anti-inflammatory properties of guggulsterone. Clearly, guggulsterone may very well prove to be a major tool in the hands of physicians and oncologists in the fight against various systemic cancers as well as diseases such as obesity in the near future. Shailendra Kapoor*, * Chicago, IL.
Characterization of the dog lipocalin allergen <scp>C</scp>an f 6: the role in cross‐reactivity with cat and horse
Authors: O. B. Nilsson, J. Binnmyr, A. Zoltowska, T. Saarne, M. van Hage, H. Grönlund
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Allergy to the domestic dog ( C anis familiaris ) affects 5–10% of the population in affluent countries. Three of four patients are allergic to more than one pet, which can only partially be explained by cross‐reactivity between serum albumins. The lipocalin protein family harbours allergens in mammalian species. Methods We set out to clone and characterize a novel dog allergen, and investigate its potential role in cross‐sensitization between dog, cat and horse. The gene encoding C an f 6 was amplified from dog skin and bladder cDNA libraries. The corresponding allergen was produced and purified by recombinant techniques and evaluated by SDS‐PAGE , size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectra, ELISA and basophil activation test. Results I g E antibodies to C an f 6 were found in serum from 38% of dog‐sensitized subjects. Sequence similarities between the lipocalin allergens C an f 6, F el d 4 (cat) and E qu c 1 (horse) suggested a probability for cross‐reactivity, which was demonstrated by competitive ELISA . The biological relevance of C an f 6 was confirmed by basophil activation test in dog‐allergic patients. Conclusion C an f 6 is a new lipocalin dog allergen that cross‐reacts with lipocalins from horse and cat. C an f 6 and homologous allergens may contribute to multisensitization and symptoms in individuals allergic to mammals.
Gynaecologist admonished for removing ovaries without consent
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A leading consultant gynaecologist, John Studd, was last week found guilty of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council for removing a 35 year old patient's ovaries without her consent. But he was only admonished-the lowest penalty possible apart from taking no action.

Mr Studd, a consultant at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London and a pioneer of hormone replacement therapy, had told the professional conduct committee that he thought he had the “implied consent” of Jacqueline Bartley to take …
The Doctor and His Books
Authors: Arthur W. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THIS title was used by Harvey Cushing in his address at the opening of the Allen Memorial Building of the Cleveland Medical Library Association on November 13, 1926. That I should quote this great scholar, teacher and bibliophile seems appropriate, particularly since Cushing was greatly interested throughout his lifetime in the Boston Medical Library. He recognized the significance of such an institution in any teaching community, and was himself a great collector of medical literature. Associated as he was, in his formative years, with Osler, Welch, Halsted and Kelly, it is easy to speculate on the influence of these older . . .
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO POLYSACCHARIDES FROM TUBERCLE BACILLI AND FROM PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: F. R. Sabin, A. L. Joyner, K. C. Smithburn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Purified tuberculo-polysaccharides are relatively innocuous both to normal and to tuberculous guinea pigs. 2. Both tuberculo-polysaccharides and polysaccharides from pneumococci call larger numbers of leucocytes from the blood vessels than do saline and dextrose and trehalose. 3. The mechanisms controlling the delivery of lymphocytes and neutrophils into the blood stream are different. 4. Slight irritation of the peritoneal lining slows the delivery of lymphocytes to the blood stream. 5. There are two phases in the reaction of the bone marrow to intraperitoneal injections. Correlated with the draining of neutrophils from vessels to tissues, owing to the presence of foreign materials in the latter, there is a draining of young neutrophils from the marrow into the sinuses of the marrow as these same materials reach the sinuses. The subsequent disintegration of the neutrophils extravasated into the tissues is correlated with increased myeloid activity in the marrow.
Mumbai braces itself for leptospirosis and waterborne infections
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Fears of leptospirosis and waterborne infections intensified in Mumbai after unprecedented monsoon rains last week killed nearly 400 people in the city, choked water and sewage systems, and left hundreds of animal carcasses on the streets. Health officials have asked the public to drink boiled water, avoid consuming …
Trends in Hospital Admissions Among Children Aged 0–19 Years with Type I Diabetes in The Netherlands
Authors: Remy A Hirasing, H Maarten Reeser, Regina R M de Groot, Dirk Ruwaard, Stef Van Buuren, S Pauline Verloove-Vanhorick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To determine the number and duration of hospital admissions due to diabetes in children aged 0-19 years between 1980-1991.Secondary analysis of data collected by the SIG Health Care Information was based on the 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The subjects were all children in The Netherlands, aged 0-19 years. The main outcome measures were number and duration of hospital admissions due to type I diabetes (ICD 9 code 250.0-250.9).The hospital admission rate due to diabetes decreased > 30%. This decrease was statistically significant in all age subgroups. The total number of days in hospital due to diabetes decreased dramatically: from 24,961 in 1980 to 11,305 in 1991. The average duration of hospital stay length due to diabetes decreased as well from 14.5 days in 1980 to 11.9 days in 1991.The hospital admission rate and the length of hospital stay for diabetes in children aged 0-19 years have decreased, in spite of an increasing incidence. The hospital admission rate may decrease still further if more children with newly diagnosed diabetes can be adequately managed by team management at home in the initial phase.
Structure-activity relations: maximizing the usefulness of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity databases.
Authors: G Klopman, H Rosenkranz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The most important criteria for the development and analysis of databases for elucidating the structural bases of toxicological activity include the integrity of the databases with respect to uniformity of the experimental protocol and interpretation of the test results and inclusion of chemicals representing different chemical classes and differing mechanisms of action. Within these criteria, it is demonstrated that when the chemicals are chosen at random, the larger the database, the better the predictivity of chemicals not included in the learning set. It is shown however, that when chemicals are selected on the basis of structural features, that a learning set of approximately 180 chemicals is as informative as a database consisting of 800 chemicals chosen at random.
Angiographic findings and clinical correlates in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry
Authors: S.Chiu Wong, Timothy Sanborn, Lynn A Sleeper, John G Webb, Robert Pilchik, David Hart, Slawomir Mejnartowicz, Tracy A Antonelli, Richard Lange, John K French, Geoffrey Bergman, Thierry LeJemtel, Judith S Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
PTU-174 Low Faecal Elastase is not always Due to Pancreatic Insufficiency: Abstract PTU-174 Table 1
Authors: K H Smith, K Barnett, J Begley, E Crouch, S Weaver
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal elastase-1(FE-1) is a widely available, simple, cheap indirect pancreatic function test used in patients in whom pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is suspected. Sensitivity is 73–100% for moderate to severe, but 0–63% for mild PEI <sup>1</sup>. Specificity of the test (80–100%)<sup>1</sup> is compromised in patients who have other causes of diarrhoea or type 1 diabetes<sup>2,3</sup>. The aim of this observational study was to examine the causes of low faecal elastase in our hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of FE-1 tests performed between April 2010 and April 2012 was undertaken. The electronic medical notes of each patient with a low FE-1 (&lt; 300 ug/l) were examined. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 288 samples received by the laboratory, 23 patients had FE-1 of less than 100 ug/l (severe). 18 patients had FE-1 of 100–199 ug/l (moderate) and 19 patients had FE-1 of 200–299 ug/l (mild). The results were grouped as shown in Table 1. In 5 of the moderate PEI group there was insufficient information to determine the diagnosis. Non-pancreatic causes included microscopic colitis, coeliac disease, bile salt malabsorption, irritable bowel syndrome and infection. In 2 patients the FE-1 was repeated; in 1 when treatment failed and FE-1 was still &lt;100 ug/l (due to bile salt malabsorption), the other following treatment for coeliac disease and microscopic colitis (FE-1 147ug/l then normal). There was no difference in symptoms (steatorrhoea, diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal pain) between the groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that clinicians need to be aware that even in patients with FE-1 less than 100ug/l, the cause may be non-pancreatic in origin. FE-1 becomes a less reliable diagnostic tool in moderate to mild PEI parameters. FE-1 should be repeated if symptoms do not improve with pancreatic enzyme replacement. Symptoms may not be helpful in distinguishing pancreatic from non-pancreatic causes of low FE-1. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Tod J, Fine D. Fecal elastase: a useful test for pancreatic insufficiency? Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Oct; 55(10):2709–11 Carroccio A, Verghi F, Santini B, <i>et al.</i> Diagnostic accuracy of faecal elastase 1 assay in patients with pancreatic maldigestion or intestinal malabsorption: a collaborative study of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:1335 Hahn JU, Kerner W, Maisonneuve P, <i>et al.</i> Low faecal elastase 1 levels do not indicate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in type-1 diabetes mellitus. Pancreas 2008; 36:274
Progesterone Action in Endometrial Cancer, Endometriosis, Uterine Fibroids, and Breast Cancer
Authors: J. Julie Kim, Takeshi Kurita, Serdar E. Bulun
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2013)

Progesterone receptor (PR) mediates the actions of the ovarian steroid progesterone, which together with estradiol regulates gonadotropin secretion, prepares the endometrium for implantation, maintains pregnancy, and differentiates breast tissue. Separation of estrogen and progesterone actions in hormone-responsive tissues remains a challenge. Pathologies of the uterus and breast, including endometrial cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and breast cancer, are highly associated with estrogen, considered to be the mitogenic factor. Emerging evidence supports distinct roles of progesterone and its influence on the pathogenesis of these diseases. Progesterone antagonizes estrogen-driven growth in the endometrium, and insufficient progesterone action strikingly increases the risk of endometrial cancer. In endometriosis, eutopic and ectopic tissues do not respond sufficiently to progesterone and are considered to be progesterone-resistant, which contributes to proliferation and survival. In uterine fibroids, progesterone promotes growth by increasing proliferation, cellular hypertrophy, and deposition of extracellular matrix. In normal mammary tissue and breast cancer, progesterone is pro-proliferative and carcinogenic. A key difference between these tissues that could explain the diverse effects of progesterone is the paracrine interactions of PR-expressing stroma and epithelium. Normal endometrium is a mucosa containing large quantities of distinct stromal cells with abundant PR, which influences epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation and protects against carcinogenic transformation. In contrast, the primary target cells of progesterone in the breast and fibroids are the mammary epithelial cells and the leiomyoma cells, which lack specifically organized stromal components with significant PR expression. This review provides a unifying perspective for the diverse effects of progesterone across human tissues and diseases.
Biliary Leak Demonstrated on Delayed Scan From Tc-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Imaging
Authors: PERRY S. GERARD, ANITA MOALLEM, WEN Y. WANG, HERBERT LEHMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A 63-year-old woman underwent a cholecystectomy for a gangrenous gallbladder with calculi. A Jackson-Pratt drain was left in place. On postoperative day one the patient had chest pain and new T-wave inversions. On day two, the Tc-99m sestamibi heart scan confirmed anterior wall ischemia with isotope excretion into the small bowel and no evidence of bile leak. The following day epigastric pain occurred. The Jackson-Pratt apparatus did not drain bile. Initial positioning of the patient beneath the gamma camera before the hepatobiliary scan showed right upper quadrant Tc-99m sestamibi leakage not present the previous day. A subhepatic fluid collection was confirmed by CT scan and sonography. The drain was mobilized with subsequent drainage of bile. A common bile duct stent was placed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. There were no further complications.
Seat Belts and Safety
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The MEDICAL NEWS article on  belt syndrome (1981; 245:2282) focuses on seat belt-related injuries and states that physicians should be educated about the health risk in driving without safety belts. In 1979, the American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs reviewed the matter of seat belts and passive restraints. The Council's report pointed out that the efficacy of the lap belt in preventing serious injuries is 25% to 30% and that the efficacy of the lap belt-shoulder harness is 42% to 50%. The report also stated that serious injuries of persons using lap belts and involved in vehicular crashes are relatively rare, about 0.5%. 1   If injuries do occur in persons using lap belts, they are likely to be in those wearing their seat belts too loosely or too high. 1 To minimize the risk of such injuries and to maximize protection, the belt should be
Toxin and Enzyme Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients With and Without Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Patrick M. Schlievert, Michael T. Osterholm, Julia A. Kelly, Russell D. Nishimura
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Vaginal isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from 19 patients with menstrual toxic shock syndrome elaborated high concentrations of pyrogenic exotoxin C, but produced low amounts of hemolysin, lipase, and nuclease. In contrast, S. aureus vaginal isolates from women without a history of toxic shock syndrome, during menstruation (14 isolates) and at times other than menstruation (22 isolates), less frequently produced pyrogenic exotoxin C and could be differentiated from isolates associated with toxic shock syndrome by production of hemolysin, lipase, and nuclease. Also, isolates from the anterior nares of 11 healthy children, and from wounds, furuncles, or abscesses from 20 persons without toxic shock syndrome produced pyrogenic exotoxin C significantly less often than the isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome, and could be distinguished by the production of hemolysin, lipase, and nuclease.