tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PARALYSIS IN A DOG SIMULATING POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Paul F. Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

A pet dog developed a form of paralysis simulating the paralysis of epidemic poliomyelitis. The autopsy showed changes in the spinal cord and intervertebral ganglia, resembling, but not identical with, the lesions of poliomyelitis in man. Inoculation of the affected spinal cord into the nervous system of young dogs and Macacus rhesus monkeys was not followed by the production of paralysis or other obvious symptom of disease.
Review of publication bias in studies on publication bias: Mandatory publication of data may help
Authors: Jeffrey Mann
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
Accuracy of echocardiography in assessing left ventricular dimensions and volume.
Authors: D R Bhatt, J B Isabel-Jones, G J Villoria, M Nakazawa, S M Yabek, R A Marks, J M Jarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The accuracy of determining left ventricular function from echocardiography was assessed in 26 children (group I) with cineangiographically-determined normal left ventricular volume (LVV) and 28 children (group II) with large left ventricular volumes. Conventional LV echo dimensions were compared to the cineangiographic LV anterior-posterior minor axis (LVmA) and LVV. Very good correlations were found in group I between LV end-diastolic echo dimensions (LVEDD) and cine LVmA (r = 0.91) and between LVEDD and LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) by cine in group I (r = 0.86). In group II correlations were less accurate between LVEDD and diastolic LVmA and between LVEDD and LVEDV. There was poor correlation between the cine and echo percent of shortening (r = 0.41) and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) (r = 0.51). This study demonstrates that M-mode echocardiography is a very useful method for determining LV dimensions in children with normal LV volume, but is less accurate in children with left ventricular volume overload or with abnormal septal orientation or postoperative status after ventriculotomy.
A CASE OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL INFECTION IN A TYPHOID CARRIER
Authors: T. H. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1910)

BUxff3MuDZa.o.UA 110 'Notwithstanding the fact that rigors took place and that ihe temperature fell by crisis from 103.50 to 101.5°and the respirations from 40 to 32, and also that in the course of -twelve hours he coughed up two large basins-full of -expectoration whieh cleared the lung in a short time, it is noteworthy that with the crisis the temperature did not -come down to normal.The great amount of septic -mischief in the arm no doubt accounted for this.I regret that the patient lived in an outlandish -district and a most inaccessible place, so that more details -cannot be given.I believe, however, that my thorough irrigation with lysol "of all the wounds and pus pouches would have been better omitted, for there is no doubt in cny mind that the subsequent exacerbation was due to this.The patient consulted me twice during April.His -arm is in a weak condition, so weak that there was no response to slight electrical current, but with a fairly %strong current the condition of the arm has greatly improved.
Salmonella colonies in a bone marrow film
Authors: Niharendu Ghara, Sophie Portsmore, Anne Yardumian, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

A 27-year-old, previously well, Ghanaian man presented with high fevers, limb pains and a history of diarrhea some days earlier. His spleen was palpable 4 cm below the left costal margin. He was thrombocytopenic (platelet count 26 x 109/l) and mildly anemic (hemoglobin concentration 102 g/l, having been 122 g/l a year previously) with C-reactive protein of 265 mg/l and bilirubin of 83 μmol/l. Cultures were taken and he was started on piperacillin/tazobactam. A computed tomography scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis showed hepatosplenomegaly (splenic length 17.7 cm) with variegated splenic architecture and bony changes suggesting avascular necrosis in the right humerus and both femoral heads. A day later he was still febrile with progressive pancytopenia (neutrophil count 0.7 x 109/l, having been 3.6 x 109/l on presentation) and was referred to Hematology. His blood film showed numerous target cells, and a few nucleated red blood cells and sickle cells. A bone marrow aspirate showed many necrotic cells and, in addition, numerous bacilli, both single and in clumps (images); contamination was excluded as a possible explanation. Subsequently Salmonella typhimurium was demonstrated in the blood culture taken on admission. High performance liquid chromatography showed 47.2% haemoglobin S and 43.1% haemoglobin C. The patient had a stormy course with cerebral, pulmonary, hepatic and renal impairment. He required prolonged antibiotic therapy, blood transfusion, ventilatory support and hemodialysis, and subsequently draining of a massive splenic abscess, which also grew salmonella; at the time of writing he remains on oral ciprofloxacin as an outpatient, and is well. Patients with compound heterozygosity for haemoglobins S and C not infrequently present in adult life. As in other forms of sickle cell disease, there is susceptibility to salmonellosis. Infarcted bone marrow provides a rich culture medium for micro-organisms but it is extra-ordinary for such a large number of organisms to be visualised in the bone marrow, and for the patient to recover from such a severe infection.
Treatment of tooth fracture by medium energy CO2 laser and DP-bioactive glass paste: compositional, structural, and phase changes of DP-bioglass paste after irradiation by CO2 laser
Authors: Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei Lin, Ya-Chun Tseng, Sang-Heng Kok, Wan-Hong Lan, Jiunn-Der Liao
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Secondary Myelofibrosis Associated with Prostatic Cancer Before and After Hormone Therapy
Authors: JUNJI ISHIMURA, MINORU FUKUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A patient with secondary myelofibrosis associated with prostatic cancer gained hematologic remission after hormone therapy. Before treatment, a bone scan with Tc-99m MDP showed diffuse, increased uptake in the axial skeleton without visualization of the appendicular skeleton; a bone marrow scan with In-111 chloride revealed decreased uptake in the central marrow. Following hormone therapy, a bone scan showed an almost normal distribution with visualization of the appendicular skeleton and bone marrow scan indicating improved uptake of the central marrow. Radionuclide bone and bone marrow imaging was thus useful not only in diagnosing secondary myelofibrosis but also in evaluating the effects of therapy.
White Coat Hypertension
Authors: Susan Wyatt
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article entitled "How Common is White Coat Hypertension?" Pickering et al<sup>1</sup>attempted to estimate the percentage of patients with elevated blood pressures in the clinic who have normal pressures at other times. Although they identified 21% of the borderline hypertensives and 5% of the established hypertensives as having "white coat" hypertension, their patient selection and results should be subjected to careful scrutiny. The selection bias is overwhelming. The normotensive group was subject to response bias. The authors fail to state from what population the normotensive group was drawn and also the criteria for selection, other than no previous history of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. Was there random selection among the volunteers? Or, are we to assume the first 37 volunteers were chosen as the normotensive group? The criteria for selection of both the borderline hypertensives and the established hypertensives are also unclear. Did all
The Chief: Doctor William Osler
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To say anything more about the life of Sir William Osler, I believed, was impossible. Yet, Dr Palmer Howard has managed to do so by writing a very nice, concise sketch of Osler's active life, juxtaposing it to the life and work of his own grandfather and father, both eminent Montreal and McGill medical teachers. The first R. Palmer Howard was one of Osler's teachers and colleagues. He does not figure very prominently in his grandson's book. The older Palmer Howard's son, Campbell Howard, was not only Osler's godson, but he was a favorite pupil as well. He came to Johns Hopkins and afterward rejuvenated the Department of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, between 1910 and 1924, before returning to McGill. The younger Dr Howard gracefully traces his father's career, using the correspondence within the family and with William Osler, the Chief, to very good advantage. The
Case 9-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Robert S. Schwartz, Nancy L. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 68-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of anemia and fever.She was well until 3 1/2 weeks earlier, when malaise occurred, accompanied by a rise of the temperature to 38.3°C daily. One week later she saw a physician, who prescribed tetracycline, without improvement; orthostatic dizziness developed, and she became unable to walk. Nine days before admission she was seen at another hospital, where physical examination showed pallor, questionable cervical lymphadenopathy, and discomfort on palpation in the left upper abdominal quadrant. The urine was normal. The hematocrit was 28 per cent. A stool . . .
Letter: Hazards of monocomponent insulins.
Authors: S Holt
Journal: BMJ (1976)

abscess and varied from 0-7 to 1 2 g'g/ml.This suggests a very effective level in the empyema drainage fluid.Unfortunately, our earlier samples were destroyed before assaying, but we feel that even this isolated assay may be of interest to other physicians faced with similar problems.We would like to thank May and Baker Ltd for their help in assaying the drug.
Neural control of the sphincter of Oddi. A physiological role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the regulation of basal sphincter of Oddi motor activity in the cat.
Authors: J Behar, P Biancani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the sphincter of Oddi (SO) was studied in the cat. The SO had two motor responses to 5-HT: the most common was an initial contraction followed by a more prolonged relaxation, and the other was an exclusive relaxation. Tetrodotoxin did not impair the magnitude of the net contraction induced by 5-HT, but it completely blocked the relaxation. Methysergide partially inhibited the SO contraction in response to submaximal doses of 5-HT (5-20 micrograms/kg). Atropine decreased the SO excitatory response to all doses of 5-HT. The combination of atropine and methysergide completely antagonized the 5-HT excitatory effect, which changed the SO biphasic response to an exclusive relaxation. After tetrodotoxin, the effect of 5-HT was almost completely antagonized by methysergide alone. The SO contraction and relaxation caused by 5-HT were almost completely blocked by 5-HT tachyphylaxis. In contrast, a 5-HT depletion with reserpine enhanced the sensitivity of the SO to 5-HT, responding to doses a thousand times smaller than in control animals. Hexamethonium, phentolamine, propranolol, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine did not antagonize the 5-HT-induced contraction or relaxation. These findings indicate that 5-HT caused SO contraction by stimulating postganglionic cholinergic neurons and the smooth muscle directly and caused relaxation by stimulating postganglionic, noncholinergic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons. 5-HT blockade or depletion resulted in a significant reduction in basal tonic pressures and in the amplitude of phasic contractions, which suggested that serotonergic neurons may play a physiologic role in the regulation of basal SO motor activity.
THE DEVELOPMENT, FEASIBILITY AND EFFICACY OF HYDRATION GUIDELINES IN ELITE CRICKET
Authors: C Rosimus, K Currell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The aim was to establish a self assessed, pre-exercise hydration guideline, using urine osmolality as an indicator of hydration status in male elite cricketers and to use this as a guide for fluid intake. Thirteen elite male cricketers (Age: 23±2 y) participated in this study. Data were collected during a seven day training camp at the English National Cricket Centre, Loughborough. Participants provided a urine sample and body weight was recorded 30 minutes prior to the first training session of the day. Participants were then asked to drink a set amount of fluid dependent on their urine osmolality and body weight. The amount of fluid was set from guidelines based on guidelines available in the current literature. A one way ANOVA was used to compare pre-training urine osmolality on each of the seven days of data collection. There was a difference in urine osmolality between days (F 6,105 =3.494, P=0.003), with urine osmolality on day three being 32% greater than day five and 27% greater than day six. Mean urine osmolality at baseline was 747±142 mOsmol.kg −1 , rising to 910±151 mOsmol.kg −1 by day 3 and returning back to baseline 764±199 mOsmol.kg −1 by day 7. Guidelines were demonstrated to be easy to use with 100% compliance. Self-assessment of hydration can feasibly be carried out 30 minutes before exercise. The decline compared to baseline, in pre-exercise urine osmolality by day 5, suggests self-directed management of hydration contributed to improved fluid intake over a prolonged period. The ease of use, and apparent efficacy of the regimen, requires further evaluation at competition level.
Twin study shows that genetic factors influence the development and timing of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Alzheimer's disease seems to be highly heritable, and genetic factors may also influence the timing of the disease, concludes a large study of twins published this week.

The study involved 11 884 pairs of twins aged 65 years or older in the Swedish twin registry, including 392 pairs in which one or both members had Alzheimer's disease ( Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:168-74). All individuals were screened for cognitive dysfunction. Participants with suspected dementia …
Postchemotherapy Ejaculatory Azoospermia: Fatherhood With Sperm From Testis Tissue With Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: M. N. Damani, V. Masters, M. V. Meng, C. Burgess, P. Turek, R. D. Oates
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

To define the success of testis sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in azoospermic men with a history of chemotherapy.In a retrospective study, 23 men with ejaculatory azoospermia and a history of chemotherapy underwent TESE in a search for usable spermatozoa. In six patients cryopreserved tissue and in nine patients fresh tissue provided sperm for an ICSI cycle. Histologic analysis of the testis was performed in all patients. The presence or absence of sperm, fertilization rates with ICSI, and final outcomes of pregnancy were recorded.Spermatozoa were found on TESE in 15 (65.2%) of 23 men. On histopathology, the predominant pattern observed was Sertoli cell only (47.8%), followed by hypospermatogenesis (30.4%), mixed (17.4%), and late maturation arrest (4.3%). The fertilization rate was 65.2%, and ongoing/delivered pregnancies occurred in 30.8% of cycles. Six healthy boys and four healthy girls have been born to date.Men who are azoospermic and have had prior cytotoxic therapy make up a small subgroup of males with nonobstructive azoospermia. It is important to define and characterize this subgroup and better define their true fertility potential. Approximately two thirds of these men have retrievable testis sperm, which may be used with ICSI to have healthy offspring. This exciting avenue for paternity has heretofore not been available to such patients.
Frontier Doctor: William Beaumont, America's First Great Medical Scientist
Authors: Stefan C. Schatzki
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Frontier Doctor <i>Frontier Doctor</i>is a fascinating biography of William Beaumont, a colorful early 19th-century physician whose fame is based on his pioneering experiments in gastric physiology. The book, based on careful research and abundantly annotated, describes in great detail the life of America's first physiologist. Professor Horsman clearly portrays the evolution of Beaumont's personality and career. Born on a farm in Connecticut, Beaumont was driven to improve his status throughout his life. Travelling as a teacher to Plattsburg, NY, he then moved to a small Vermont town to serve as apprentice to a physician, his only formal medical training. After the War of 1812 and a brief medical career in Plattsburg, he became an Army surgeon. In 1812, while Beaumont was serving at lonely Fort Mackinac in the Michigan territory, a Canadian voyageur, Alexis St Martin, was accidentally shot at close range in the abdomen. The healed wound left
Disclosure of Authors' Conflicts of Interest: A Follow-up
Authors: Marcia Angell, Robert D. Utiger, Alastair J.J. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

18 issue 1 that Dr. Vera Price, the author of a Drug Therapy article published in the September 23 issue, 2 had received major research support through her university from companies that manufactured drugs discussed in her article and that she had recently consulted for those companies.Although she informed us of these arrangements at the time her article was solicited, we failed to respond in accordance with our conflict-ofinterest policy, which would have disqualified her.Because of the inconsistency between our stated policy and practice in this case, we reviewed the files and spoke with the authors of the Drug Therapy articles published since January 1, 1997, to determine whether there were similar inconsistencies.We have now completed our review.We found 18 instances in which one or more authors of Drug Therapy articles received major research support through their institutions from relevant companies or served as consultants for those companies at the time they were invited to prepare their articles.The authors had informed us of these arrangements, and the editors in Boston were aware of them and approved them.
Spain launches campaign to stop health professionals smoking
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Spain's Ministry of Health has launched a major initiative to encourage health professionals to stop smoking.

The programme started earlier this month. It will be carried out in collaboration with the National Committee for Smoking Prevention and is directed at all doctors and nurses working at the 82 public hospitals and 1115 primary care centres directly managed by the Spanish Public Health Service, covering about half the country. As part of the programme educational materials are being …
266 Mobilization of pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells occurs in alcoholic hepatitis and is associated with an improved clinical outcome
Authors: E DALAKAS, P NEWSOME, L QING, R BROWN, S MCCALL, P HAYES, D HARRISON, J PLEVRIS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Impaired immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is attributed in part to impaired thymopoiesis. Recent data suggest that precursor input may be a point of regulation for the thymus. We hypothesized that administration of FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) would enhance thymopoiesis after adoptive transfer of aged, FLT3L-treated bone marrow (BM) to aged, Lupron-treated hosts by increasing murine HSC (Lin[minus]Sca1+c-Kit+ [LSK] cells) trafficking and survival. In murine models of aged and young hosts, we show that FLT3L enhances thymopoiesis in aged, Lupron-treated hosts through increased survival and export of LSK cells via CXCR4 regulation. In addition, we elucidate an underlying mechanism of FLT3L action on BM LSK cells—FLT3L drives LSK cells into the stromal niche using Hoescht (Ho) dye perimortem. In summary, we show that FLT3L administration leads to: (1) increased LSK cells and early thymocyte progenitor precursors that can enhance thymopoiesis after transplantation and androgen withdrawal, (2) mobilization of LSK cells through downregulation of CXCR4, (3) enhanced BM stem cell survival associated with Bcl-2 upregulation, and (4) BM stem cell enrichment through increased trafficking to the BM niche. Therefore, we show a mechanism by which FLT3L activity on hematopoeitic and thymic progenitor cells may contribute to thymic recovery. These data have potential clinical relevance to enhance thymic reconstitution after cytoreductive therapy.
Population structure, differential bias and genomic control in a large-scale, case-control association study
Authors: David G Clayton, Neil M Walker, Deborah J Smyth, Rebecca Pask, Jason D Cooper, Lisa M Maier, Luc J Smink, Alex C Lam, Nigel R Ovington, Helen E Stevens, Sarah Nutland, Joanna M M Howson, Malek Faham, Martin Moorhead, Hywel B Jones, Matthew Falkowski, Paul Hardenbol, Thomas D Willis, John A Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Death Following Carotid Sinus Pressure
Authors: Richard J. Greenwood
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A 66-year-old man with infectious and therapeutic toxicities developed ventricular fibrillation after less than 4 seconds of diagnostic carotid sinus pressure. This is illustrated by an electrocardiogram. A 70-year-old woman with posterior infarction of the heart had carotid sinus pressure applied to correct a tachycardia and developed total cardiac standstill. Both patients died. If the application of pressure to the carotid sinus is being considered for either therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, the authors urge that it be unilateral only, limited to 5-second periods, monitored by auscultation or preferably by electrocardiography, used with special care in elderly patients receiving cardioactive drugs for known cardiovascular disease, and avoided altogether if the initial systolic pressure is below 100 mm. Hg.