tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lewy Body Pathology and Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Paolo Liberini, Maurizio Memo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A primary goal of research related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to characterize subtypes of the disease amenable to specific therapeutic interventions. Recent investigations indicated that concomitant or independently occurring Lewy body (LB) pathology represents one of the largest variants of clinically diagnosed AD. This neuropathological entity is characterized by eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies disseminated in the neocortex, limbic areas, and brain stem nuclei and usually occurring with pathologic changes characteristic of moderate AD. Although clinical criteria for the identification of LB dementia (fluctuation in impairment of cognitive functions, hallucinations often leading to paranoid delusions, unexplained falls and/or loss of consciousness, extrapyramidal features, and neuroleptic hypersensitivity) are not firmly established, interest in LB dementia as an independent nosographic entity<sup>1</sup>is growing. The postmortem examination of LB-affected brains provides a set of neuropathological features<sup>2</sup>that more clearly, although not unequivocally, differentiate LB dementia from typical, neuropathologically
Acute Acetone Poisoning Caused by Setting Fluid for Immobilizing Casts
Authors: L. C. Harris, R. H. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Butt et al., 1948). Wolfson et al. (1949) use a colorimetric method in which the normal ranges are stated to be 9-25 mg. per 24 hours for males and 7-12 mg. per 24 hours for females.These figures agree well with those of Hamburger (1948), who studied the variation of 17-K.S. excretion with age and sex in normal individuals.The urate estimations were performed colorimetrically by Brown's (1945) method. ResultsThe excretion of 17-K.S. was measured in 29 male and 4 female patients suffering from gout.The average age of the subjects was 54.4 years, and the range of 17-K.S. was 1.4-18 mg. per 24 hours, with an average of 9.51 mg. per 24 hours.The Graph shows the normal variation of 17-K.S. output (for males) with age (Hamburger, 1948).Normal outputs'by our method all lie within this range: male cases in this series are plotted in the Graph.The outputs in the four female cases are within the corresponding female range.MG. HRS. 25) ' . 20,X 15 0.
Reducing drug errors in anaesthesia
Authors: P. Board
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Merry and colleagues’ new system to reduce drug errors in anaesthesia had an error rate of 9.1 per 100 administrations.1 This seems high, although the most common errors were in drug recording, such as a discrepancy between recorded and observed total dose. These may not be drug errors. Patients probably received the correct dose, but …
AMA Auxiliary Activities 1981-1982
Authors: ISOBEL F. DVORSKY
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The celebration of the 60th anniversary of the American Medical Association Auxiliary in June 1982 marked another milestone for the organization. It reminded us of the events that fashioned this nationwide network of physicians' spouses—an organization unique in myriad volunteer accomplishments, in ability to change and grow as circumstances demand, in grass roots involvement to meet all manner of community needs, in democratic structure that permits every member a voice. The 1982 Annual Meeting marked the beginning of another decade of Auxiliary history in which the purposes of the organization continue to live through the work of our members. When I took office as president of the AMA Auxiliary in June 1981, my concern was for unity of the federation. For many years we fragmented ourselves by considering the AMA Auxiliary as three separate organizations—county, state, and national. We are not separate; we are one federation. And unity is vital
Transplantation of adipose derived stromal cells is associated with functional improvement in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction
Authors: Manuel Mazo, Valérie Planat‐Bénard, Gloria Abizanda, Beatriz Pelacho, Bertrand Léobon, Juan José Gavira, Iván Peñuelas, Arantxa Cemborain, Luc Pénicaud, Patrick Laharrague, Carine Joffre, Marie Boisson, Margarita Ecay, Maria Collantes, Joaquin Barba, Louis Casteilla, Felipe Prósper
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Release of Platelet Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Whole Blood Is Increased in Patients With Type II Diabetes
Authors: Rudolf Jokl, Richard L Klein, Maria F Lopes-Virella, John A Colwell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To compare platelet plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) release in type II diabetic patients and healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied a group of 27 diabetic patients and a group of 16 nondiabetic control subjects. Whole-blood platelet aggregation, defined as a decrease in platelet count during shaking (180 rpm) of blood samples at 37°C, and plasma PAI-1 antigen concentrations were measured in parallel at time 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. RESULTS Platelet aggregation did not differ significantly between the two groups at any time period. However, the increase in plasma PAI-1 antigen concentration over basal levels at time 0 was higher for the group of diabetic patients when compared with their matched control subjects. The increment of PAI-1 antigen was 61.8 ± 29.4 vs. 35.9 ± 13.4 ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.005, means ± SD) after 180 min for the diabetic and control subjects, respectively. Platelet PAI-1 release was correlated to very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels, but not to HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Platelets of patients with type II diabetes release significantly more PAI-1 than platelets of healthy subjects at the same level of platelet aggregation. This may contribute to enhanced thrombosis in diabetes.
Improved control of mealtime glucose excursions with coadministration of nateglinide and metformin.
Authors: Y Hirschberg, A H Karara, A O Pietri, J F McLeod
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Nateglinide, a new short-acting D-phenylalanine derivative for treating type 2 diabetes, reduces mealtime blood glucose excursions by physiologic regulation of insulin secretion. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of nateglinide and metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 12 type 2 diabetic subjects with the following baseline characteristics were enrolled: age, 56 +/- 13 years; BMI, 28.7 +/- 4.5 kg/m2; HbA1c, 8.4 +/- 1.3%; and fasting plasma glucose 13 +/- 2.8 mmol/l. All subjects had been previously treated with glyburide and were switched to metformin monotherapy for 3 weeks before study start. Subjects then randomly received, in combination with 500 mg metformin, either 120 mg nateglinide or placebo before meals for 1 day, followed by the alternate treatment 7 days later. After 1 week of washout from both drugs, subjects received 1 day of open-label nateglinide treatment. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nateglinide, and metformin were assessed frequently during inpatient periods. RESULTS: Postmeal plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in subjects treated with nateglinide plus metformin than in those treated with either drug alone (P &amp;lt; 0.001), especially after lunch and dinner. Coadministration of nateglinide and metformin did not affect the pharmacokinetics of either drug. All treatments were safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with nateglinide and metformin was more effective than either treatment alone and did not result in any pharmacokinetic interactions. Coadministration of nateglinide and metformin appears to be an excellent option for treating patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with monotherapy.
P1043 REAL-LIFE PERSISTENCE AND ADHERENCE IN ETV TREATED CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS: RESULTS OF A GERMAN PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: J. Petersen, T. Wilke, S. Mauss, R. Heyne, C. Herold, M. Wiese, K. Boeker, T. Pichl, D. Hueppe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Missense Mutations of the Glycoprotein (GP) Ibβ Gene Impairing the GPIb α/β Disulfide Linkage in a Family With Giant Platelet Disorder
Authors: Shinji Kunishima, Jose A. Lopez, Sentaro Kobayashi, Nobuaki Imai, Tadashi Kamiya, Hidehiko Saito, Tomoki Naoe
Journal: Blood (1997)
Recapitulation of the embryonic cardiovascular progenitor cell niche
Authors: Katja Schenke-Layland, Ali Nsair, Ben Van Handel, Ekaterini Angelis, Jessica M. Gluck, Miriam Votteler, Joshua I. Goldhaber, Hanna K. Mikkola, Michael Kahn, William R. MacLellan
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Dedicated outreach service for hard to reach patients with tuberculosis in London: observational study and economic evaluation
Authors: M. Jit, H. R. Stagg, R. W. Aldridge, P. J. White, I. Abubakar
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of the Find and Treat service for diagnosing and managing hard to reach individuals with active tuberculosis. <b>Design</b> Economic evaluation using a discrete, multiple age cohort, compartmental model of treated and untreated cases of active tuberculosis. <b>Setting</b> London, United Kingdom. <b>Population</b> Hard to reach individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis screened or managed by the Find and Treat service (48 mobile screening unit cases, 188 cases referred for case management support, and 180 cases referred for loss to follow-up), and 252 passively presenting controls from London's enhanced tuberculosis surveillance system. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Incremental costs, quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and cost effectiveness ratios for the Find and Treat service. <b>Results</b> The model estimated that, on average, the Find and Treat service identifies 16 and manages 123 active cases of tuberculosis each year in hard to reach groups in London. The service has a net cost of £1.4 million/year and, under conservative assumptions, gains 220 QALYs. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio was £6400-£10 000/QALY gained (about €7300-€11 000 or $10 000-$16 000 in September 2011). The two Find and Treat components were also cost effective, even in unfavourable scenarios (mobile screening unit (for undiagnosed cases), £18 000-£26 000/QALY gained; case management support team, £4100-£6800/QALY gained). <b>Conclusions</b> Both the screening and case management components of the Find and Treat service are likely to be cost effective in London. The cost effectiveness of the mobile screening unit in particular could be even greater than estimated, in view of the secondary effects of infection transmission and development of antibiotic resistance.
Epistaxis in Sickle-cell Anaemia
Authors: M. I. Ogbeide
Journal: BMJ (1965)

years later, none of these could claim a com- plete absence of homosexual desires.A critical review of behaviour therapy tech- niques in the treatment of sexual deviations' concluded that techniques using faradic aver- sion and operant conditioning achieved better results than those using chemical aversion and classical conditioning.The results to date of our own series of 32 homosexual patients treated by faradic aversion and operant conditioning indicate that one-half are now actively heterosexual, and a further sixth have ceased homosexual practices and are utilizing heterosexual fantasy.The range of follow-up is 3 months to 2j years, and we have published detailed reports of the method used,4' together with physiological and psychological data recorded during treatment.Finally, while reports have appeared con- cerning the physical dangers of chemical aversion, there have been no such adverse reports concerning faradic aversion.-Weare, etc.,
Interrelations Between Total Exchangeable Sodium, Potassium, Body Water, and Serum Sodium and Potassium Concentrations in Hyponatremic and Normonatremic Heart Disease
Authors: KNUD H. OLESEN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Interrelations between total body water, total exchangeable cation (sodium + potassium), and cation (sodium + potassium) concentration of serum water were examined in 20 normonatremic and 11 hyponatremic edematous cardiac patients. The total exchangeable cation and total body water were highly significantly correlated in the normonatremic and hyponatremic groups. However, for the combined groups the correlation coefficient was lower than that found in the individual populations, and in covariance analysis the cation content in relation to total body water was significantly lower in the hyponatremic than in the normonatremic group. When it is assumed that the total exchangeable cation differs little from the total osmotically active cation, and that the cation concentrations of the extracellular and intracellular water are approximately equal, the ratio: total exchangeable cation ÷ cation concentration in serum water, that is, the cation space, should reflect the total body water. The cation space and total body water were highly significantly correlated in the normonatremic and hyponatremic groups, and the correlation coefficient remained at the same high level for the combined groups. The relationship between cation space and body water was very close to unity, and in covariance analysis no significant difference was found in cation space in relation to total body water. These results were confirmed in 10 sequential studies. It is concluded that the cation space in hyponatremic and normonatremic cardiac patients has proved to reflect the total body water very closely, and the implications of this finding are discussed.
Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets
Authors: Steven B. Heymsfield, George L. Blackburn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The new genetics: Implications for clinical services in Britain and the United States
Authors: A. L. Kinmonth, J. Reinhard, M. Bobrow, S. Pauker
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the third of four articles discussing the broader implications of advances in genetics

Meeting the rising demand for genetic information and advice will require a major reorganisation of genetic services. In the United States, demand has led to the growth of private genetics services that are marketed directly to the public. In the United Kingdom, specialist genetic services are struggling to cope with increased workloads and it is acknowledged that some genetics services will have to be incorporated into mainstream clinical medicine, particularly at primary care level. A range of pilot schemes has been set up to establish how to do this, but few schemes have been fully evaluated. A broad educational effort is needed to increase awareness of the scope and potential of genetic information among health professionals and the public. This article reviews current developments and argues that contrasting approaches in Britain and the United States each offer special opportunities in innovation and evaluation.

#### Summary points

Advances in genetics underpin the need to equip primary care teams with skills to assess genetic risk of disease, discuss the implications of gene testing, and control access to specialist services

Involvement of primary care teams will vary with public awareness and uptake of tests, type and prevalence of disorder, precision of genetic tests, and therapeutic choices available

Despite increasing availability of genetic tests, it is premature to offer population screening for genetic predisposition (such as to breast cancer), and even the case for screening carriers for cystic fibrosis through primary care is uncertain

Different cultures of American and British health care may lead to faster innovation in United States but greater opportunity for development within a research framework in Britain

The organisation of genetic services in the United Kingdom is currently based on regional centres. These mainly deal with relatively uncommon …
Pulmonary reaction to Hytrast
Authors: A. R. Morley
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Hytrast, a new bronchographic medium of high iodine content, provides excellent radiographic contrast. A number of clinical, pathological, and experimental studies have revealed inflammatory changes after pulmonary retention of Hytrast. Examination of 43 unselected pneumonectomy specimens after Hytrast bronchography revealed typical crystals in 15 instances. The pulmonary reaction included macrophage and foreign body giant cell accumulation, neutrophil leucocyte exudation, and fibrosis within terminal bronchioles and alveoli. It was concluded that these changes were associated with Hytrast retention.
Biliary glutathione promotes the mucosal metabolism of luminal peroxidized lipids by rat small intestine in vivo.
Authors: T Y Aw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We previously found that exogenous GSH enhances mucosal GSH and promotes lipid hydroperoxide metabolism by rat small intestine (AW, T. Y., and M. W. WIlliams, 1992. Am. J. Physiol. 263:G665-G672). In this study, we have developed an in vivo bile and lymph fistula rat model to test the hypothesis that biliary GSH is an important luminal source of GSH. Peroxidized fish oil was infused into the proximal intestine, and hydroperoxide accumulation in lumen, mucosa, and lymph was determined. Diversion of bile decreased mucosal GSH and increased hydroperoxide accumulation in all fractions. Supplementation with GSH, but not with GSSG, increased tissue GSH and attenuated hydroperoxide accumulation (50-60%), consistent with enhancement of hydroperoxide removal by exogenous GSH. Addition of native bile deficient in GSH, but not cysteine, cystine, or GSSG, decreased luminal and lymph hydroperoxide levels by 20-30%. Amino acid supplementation concurrently attenuated hydroperoxide recoveries in these fractions by 30-40% and increased mucosal GSH by 40%, indicating a role for biliary amino acids in hydroperoxide elimination. The effect of amino acids was abolished by buthionine sulfoximine, confirming their role in GSH biosynthesis. Collectively, the results demonstrate that bile is a rich source of reductant for maintaining mucosal GSH to promote intestinal metabolism of luminal peroxidized lipids.
24/7 surgery to cut NHS waiting lists
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

“Even in the more efficient trusts, it is rare to find operating theatres in use on Friday afternoons, let alone at the weekends. There are some good, practical reasons for this. Operating theatres require deep cleaning on a regular basis if methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is not to become even more prevalent than at present. And staffing up for such round the clock surgery would add enormously to the NHS's already gargantuan wage bill.

“On a more prosaic note, who among us would want to undergo a tricky surgical procedure at three in the …
Incidence of compensatory enlargement and paradoxical shrinkage in diseased coronary arteries: an intracoronary ultrasound study based on multiple cross-section analysis per artery
Authors: F. Prati, E. Camenzind, M.T. Mallus, A. Parma, N. Bruining, A. Santoboni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Inadequate Functional Health Literacy-Reply
Authors: David W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Drs Gottesman and Kelly raise an interesting question about the root causes of low literacy. We agree that some people who have low literacy skills may have specific learning disabilities (eg, dyslexia) that prevented them from learning to read. However, we believe the vast majority of the problem stems from lack of access to education or poor-quality education during critical developmental periods. The higher prevalence of low literacy among older adults and Spanish-speaking patients, many of whom were unable to go to school or attended schools with very poor facilities, supports this explanation and argues against learning disabilities as the dominant cause. Labeling low literacy as a learning disability is also extremely dangerous because many children from racial and ethnic minorities in the United States have been cast aside into handicapped classes because their language abilities were behind their peers.  Nevertheless, we agree that many patients with low
Nutrition and immunology Contemporary issues in clinical nutrition II
Authors: S. Strobel
Journal: Gut (1989)

butors from other institutions to provide a balanced picture of childhood motility disorders, and their diagnosis and management.The emphasis is on infancy, but that is only to be expected; for the most part, children are born with these disorders and it is only to be expected that they will be diagnosed in early life.The chapters vary in scope from reviews to accounts of single research projects, but this is the state of the art in this field, and (almost) none of the chapters are dull.The only discordant note in the book is a chapter on 'pro-kinetic drugs' by two authors from the 'Janssen Research Foundation'.Half of the chapter is devoted to the discussion of two drugs (one not yet licensed in the USA, the other neither in the UK nor the USA) that, by an amazing coincidence, are manufactured by a pharmaceutical company that shares the name and address of the research foundation.Perhaps a firmer editorial hand was needed here....This is a slim volume, but like its topic, the subject is relatively infant.It is the more unfortunate that the price of the book is precociously mature; one can only hope that this will not deter both paediatricians and gastroenterologists from buying this book.
A Good Taste of Bioethics Around the Globe: Review of Catherine Myser, ed.,<i>Bioethics Around the Globe</i>
Authors: Darryl R. J. Macer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

With 200 countries around the world and more than 4,000 population groups, it is a challenging task for any book to tackle an ambitious target such as Bioethics Around the Globe, the collection edi...
Intravascular photopoint photodynamic therapy with a new photosensitizer (MV0633) reduces smooth muscle cell proliferation without compromising vessel wall mechanical strength
Authors: Ron Waksman, Ian Leitch, Ray Hunter, John Roessler, Tom Bulinski, Hamid Yazdi, Jana Fourdnaijiev, Edouard F. Cheneau, Allister Wilson, Kevin Flores, Jane Yamada, Erik Petersen, Robert Scott, John Hill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)