tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer patients unknowingly dosing themselves with estrogen by using topical moisturizers.
Authors: AC Olson, JS Link, TC Kupiec
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4087 Background: Topically applied estrogens are more efficiently absorbed into the body than estrogens administered orally, due to the first pass effect by the liver. Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients need to avoid exogenously administered estrogen to minimize chance of recurrence. This is especially significant for women on aromatase inhibitor treatment,where topical estrogen may overcome the therapeutic effect. Also, non breast cancer patients using estrogen containing topical moisturizers may be unknowingly dosing themselves daily with estrogen, often for years, increasing their chances of developing breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: Sixteen different topical moisturizers were purchased or donated from department stores or chain drugstores. None of the creams noted any estrogen content in their list of ingredients. Each of the sixteen commercial products was analyzed for estradiol, estriol and estrone utilizing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). HPLC is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to provide component analysis. Detection was carried out through use of a Variable Wavelength Detector (VWD) and a Diode Array Detector.&amp;#x2028; Results: Four samples contained greater than 0.40% estriol, one contained 0.17% estriol, and one contained 0.05% estrone, despite having no listing on the ingredient list.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Topical estrogens are considered effective in enhancing the “youthful look” of aging skin. Manufacturers are marketing incompletely labeled moisturizers containing estrogens. Consumers are unaware their moisturizer may be providing them with unwanted systemic estrogen exposure. The FDA cosmetics division is not presently testing for this potential risk for breast cancer patients. Other breast cancer advocacy groups and the FDA need to promptly repeat these procedures and also check for exotic "designer" estrogens.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4087.
THE RELATIVE RÔLES OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT IN GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: THOMAS R. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In presenting one's views as to the relative value of the nonsurgical and the surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, one cannot help feeling the essential and inherent difficulties of such a discussion. The enormous amount of literature on this subject of the past few years, with many conflicting articles trying to evaluate the various modes of therapy, some attempting to prove the wondrous merits or the hideous defects of some special operative procedure, or some selected diet or some drug, others trying to show that certain bacterial or neurogenic factors or vascular disturbances are the sole etiologic factor in the disease; others insisting that in the roentgen ray lies the sole hope of correct diagnosis; others that it is often unnecessary, and that the anamnesis or the utilization of certain special tests is the prime factor of importance in arriving at a true realization of the underlying condition;
Medical Intensive Care Unit Admissions for Syncope-Reply
Authors: Daniel E. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Once a syncopal event is over, there may be few clues to its cause. As Drs Martin and Moran understand, criteria for assigning cause are necessarily uncertain. Linking antecedent syncope to current ventricular ectopic activity is difficult, particularly at the relatively benign end of the spectrum. Does a couplet indicate causality? A triplet? Criteria are especially difficult to apply to the elderly, who are often initially seen with several possible causes of their syncope. Any criterion is probabilistic, and the chance of false-positives or false-negatives is acknowledged. Vasovagal syncope is too often a diagnosis of exclusion. We did not accept it as such and would not designate a case as vasovagal unless specific criteria were met. We do not doubt that persons older than 60 years can experience vasovagal syncope. However, the increased prevalence of more ominous diseases among older patients led us to drop the category of
Encouraging Trend on Prescription Drug Information
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE declared goal of providing adequate prescription drug information to 75% of patients by the year 2000 and to 95% by the year 2006 would seem to be within reach, if a trend that recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) surveys have shown continues. Since 1992, the agency has conducted a telephone survey every 2 years of about 1000 consumers asking them about the amount and type of written and oral information they receive about all drugs they are prescribed. In the FDA's first survey, done in 1992,24% of the respondents said they had been given written information about their prescription drugs. By 1994 that figure had risen to 54%. In the latest survey, done last year, 67% reported they had received more than brief written information about their prescription product. "This indicates that the response of American health care professionals to this thirst for knowledge is increasingly positive," said
Repair of a Splicing Defect in Erythroid Cells from Patients with β-Thalassemia/HbE Disorder
Authors: Thipparat Suwanmanee, Halina Sierakowska, Suthat Fucharoen, Ryszard Kole
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

A HeLa cell line stably expressing the human β-globin gene carrying thalassemic mutations βE/IVS1-6 served as a thalassemia model for repair of aberrant splicing of βE-globin pre-mRNA with antisense oligonucleotides. Treatment of βE/IVS1-6 HeLa cells with a morpholino oligonucleotide targeted immediately upstream of the aberrant 5′ splice site activated by the mutations resulted in an increase in the amount of correctly spliced βE-globin mRNA in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific fashion. The repaired βE-globin mRNA was stable and could be translated into full-length βE-globin polypeptide. Application of the same oligonucleotide to erythroid progenitor cells from two β-thalassemia/HbE patients resulted in an approximately 70% increase in correct βE-globin mRNA and 36% increase in hemoglobin E. The erythroid progenitor cells represent the actual targets for the clinical application of antisense repair of defective pre-mRNAs.
Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets in allergic asthma
Authors: H. Maazi, J. Lam, V. Lombardi, O. Akbari
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Plasmacytoid dendritic cells ( pDC s) are major type‐I interferon‐producing cells that play important roles in antiviral immunity and tolerance induction. These cells share a common DC progenitor with conventional DCs, and Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐3 ligand is essential for their development. Several subsets of pDC s have been identified to date including CCR9 + , CD9 + , and CD2 + pDC s. Recently, three subsets of pDC s were described, namely CD8α − β − , CD8α + β − , and CD8α + β + subsets. Interestingly, CD8α + β − and CD8α + β + but not CD8α − β − pDC s were shown to have tolerogenic effects in experimentally induced allergic asthma. These tolerogenic effects were shown to be mediated by the generation of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells through retinoic acid and the induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. These newly described subsets of pDC s show high potentials for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of allergic diseases. In this review, we will address the new progress in our understanding of pDC biology with respect to allergic disease, in particular allergic asthma.
Emergent Ethics Consultation Requested From the Operating Room
Authors: Courtenay R. Bruce
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Mr. N is a 45-year-old gentleman with a history of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. On September 1, 2011, Mr. N's cardiologist refers him to a tertiary facility due to refractory ventricular tachycardia...
Mittelschmerz. Sonographic demonstration
Authors: L. E. Hann
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ultrasonography of the pelvis at mid-menstrual cycle in normal women has demonstrated small quantities of free fluid in 40% of cycles. Two thirds of the cycles associated with pain had ultrasonically demonstrated fluid at ovulation. These sonographic findings at Mittelschmerz confirm the physiological trauma of ovulation.
MODERN EMPIRICAL INVENTIONS.
Authors: N. C. MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I desire to call your attention to some of the so-called modern empirical or quack inventions for the cure of disease, namely, the "electropoise," the "oxydonor victory," and the "oxygenor king." An old Indiana attorney made the assertion, many years ago, that "any proposition is good law in a justice court that is boldly asserted and plausibly maintained." What is true in a lower court of law, is, I think, equally applicable to the unthinking American people, who seem to find enjoyment in the purchase and use of every new medical "fad" or "fake" when forcibly and plausibly brought to their notice. The wearing of medical amulets, charms, etc., from the time of the "five golden mice" (I Sam., vi-4), down to the more modern "buckeye" or stolen "potato," or still later the use of the "rabbit's" foot and electric ring, furnish now, as of old, a certain amount of
PLASMA AND TISSUE PROTEINS PRODUCED BY NON-HEPATIC RAT ORGANS AS STUDIED WITH LYSINE-ϵ-C14
Authors: Leon L. Miller, C. G. Bly, William F. Bale
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

The non-hepatic tissues in a perfused "carcass" (caudal half of the rat) maintain some physiological functions for as long as 5 to 6 hours of perfusion, including good clearance of lysine-epsilon-C(14) and glucose from the perfusate, and synthesis of both tissue and plasma proteins. The perfused "carcass" tissues incorporate only small amounts of lysine-epsilon-C(14) into the plasma proteins to an extent not markedly affected by the presence of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, spleen, or kidneys. This activity is found only in the globulin fraction obtained by sodium sulfate fractionation. No significant activity was detected in the plasma fibrinogen or albumin fractions. C(14)-labeled plasma proteins obtained from the eviscerated surviving rat 6 hours after intravenous lysine-epsilon-C(14) have been separated by zone electrophoresis. The gamma globulins contain most of the C(14) activity, with small but measurable activity in the beta and alpha globulins, and no activity in the albumin fraction.
C1013G/CXCR4 acts as a driver mutation of tumor progression and modulator of drug resistance in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Authors: Aldo M. Roccaro, Antonio Sacco, Cristina Jimenez, Patricia Maiso, Michele Moschetta, Yuji Mishima, Yosra Aljawai, Ilyas Sahin, Michelle Kuhne, Pina Cardarelli, Lewis Cohen, Jesus F. San Miguel, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2014)
What Are Cancer Centers Advertising to the Public?
Authors: Laura B. Vater, Julie M. Donohue, Robert Arnold, Douglas B. White, Edward Chu, Yael Schenker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Although critics have expressed concerns about cancer center advertising, analyses of the content of these advertisements are lacking. Objective: To characterize the informational and emotional content of direct-to-consumer cancer center advertisements. Design: Content analysis. Setting: Top U.S. consumer magazines (n = 269) and television networks (n = 44) in 2012. Measurements: Types of clinical services promoted; information provided about clinical services, including risks, benefits, costs, and insurance availability; use of emotional advertising appeals; and use of patient testimonials were assessed. Two investigators independently coded advertisements using ATLAS.ti, and κ values ranged from 0.77 to 1.00. Results: A total of 102 cancer centers placed 409 unique clinical advertisements in top media markets in 2012. Advertisements promoted treatments (88%) more often than screening (18%) or supportive services (13%). Benefits of advertised therapies were described more often than risks (27% vs. 2%) but were rarely quantified (2%). Few advertisements mentioned coverage or costs (5%), and none mentioned specific insurance plans. Emotional appeals were frequent (85%), evoking hope for survival (61%), describing cancer treatment as a fight or battle (41%), and inducing fear (30%). Nearly one half of advertisements included patient testimonials, which were usually focused on survival, rarely included disclaimers (15%), and never described the results that a typical patient may expect. Limitation: Internet advertisements were not included. Conclusion: Clinical advertisements by cancer centers frequently promote cancer therapy with emotional appeals that evoke hope and fear while rarely providing information about risks, benefits, costs, or insurance availability. Further work is needed to understand how these advertisements influence patient understanding and expectations of benefit from cancer treatments. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SECRETION OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN INTO THE PORTAL CIRCULATION. IV. HEPATIC UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE DURING GLUCOSE INFUSION IN NON-DIABETIC DOGS*
Authors: Burton Combes, Reuben H. Adams, William Strickland, Leonard L. Madison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Recent studies from this laboratory (1) have shown that insulin has an immediate and pro- found effect upon net hepatic glucose balance.When insulin was administered at a rate (2) es- timated to minimize the counter-regulatory re- sponses to hypoglycemia, the decline in blood glu- cose which ensued was largely the consequence of a diminished hepatic release of glucose (1).Since, under physiologic circumstances, en- dogenous insulin secretion is stimulated by the rising blood glucose concentration (3, 4) which follows a carbohydrate meal, the effect of insulin in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism is best assessed in the presence of a glucose load.Whether or not hyperglycemia, with its attendant release of endogenous insulin, results in a de- crease or cessation of hepatic glucose output has been a controversial subject (5-13).However, in all but one of the previous studies (5), the conclusions were based upon inferential data, since net hepatic glucose balance was not meas- ured.The present studies were undertaken to determine the effect of hyperglycemia and the con- comitant release of endogenous insulin upon he- patic glucose metabolism.Hyperglycemia was produced by the intravenous infusion of glucose.The rate of glucose administration was varied in order to define better some of the factors that con- * This work was
Bill paves way for new round of NHS changes
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The structural framework on which the government plans to rebuild the NHS in England was set out in a bill introduced in parliament last week. It reforms the system of primary care and introduces executive control of clinical governance.

The health secretary, Frank Dobson, described the bill as a “landmark in the government's programme to address fundamental problems in the NHS.” But doctors' leaders criticised the bill's lack of specific detail. Professor Mike Pringle, chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said: “The bill is about structure-not function or process. It is also, …
Alcohol-induced liver injury in mice lacking Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase
Authors: Irina G. Kessova, Ye-Shih Ho, Swan Thung, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Because alcoholic liver disease has been linked to oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of a compromised antioxidant defense system, Cu, Zn–superoxide dismutase ( Sod1 ) deficiency, on alcohol–induced liver injury. C57BL/129SV wild–type ( Sod1 +/+ ) and Sod1 knockout ( Sod1 -/- ) mice were fed dextrose or ethanol (10% of total calories) liquid diets for 3 weeks. Histologic evaluation of liver specimens of Sod1 -/- mice fed ethanol showed the development of liver injury ranging from mild to extensive centrilobular necrosis and inflammation. Sod1 +/+ mice fed ethanol showed mild steatosis; both Sod1 +/+ and Sod1 -/- mice fed the dextrose diet had normal histology. Alanine transaminase levels were significantly elevated only in Sod1 -/- mice fed ethanol. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2e1) activity was elevated about 2–fold by ethanol in Sod1 +/+ and Sod1 -/- mice. Ethanol consumption increased levels of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation aldehydic products in the liver of Sod1 -/- mice. Hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was reduced dramatically in Sod1 -/- mice fed ethanol in association with a decrease in the mitochondrial reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activity of MnSOD. Immunohistochemical determination of 3–nitrotyrosine (3NT) residues in liver sections of the Sod1 knockout mice treated with ethanol showed a significant increase of 3NT staining in the centrilobular areas. In conclusion, a rather moderate ethanol consumption promoted oxidative stress in Sod1 -/- mice, with increased formation of peroxynitrite, protein carbonyls, and lipid peroxidation and decreased mitochondrial GSH and MnSOD. We speculate that the increased oxidative stress causes mitochondrial damage and reduction of ATP content, leading to alcoholic liver injury. This model may be useful in further mechanistic studies on alcohol–induced liver injury.
Robots don't perform surgery, surgeons do
Authors: D. M. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Over the past five years we have seen a huge rise in the number of robotically performed operations worldwide. Most patients who undergo radical prostatectomy in the United States, for example, now have “robotic surgery” or “robotically assisted surgery.” This trend is likely to continue despite the lack of evidence from multicentred randomised controlled trials to prove that it is safer than conventional surgery. Sceptics think that this development may be industry driven, because robotic surgery is now part of a billion dollar market in the United States. Attractive as they may appear, surgical robotic machines are very expensive. They cost between £1m (€1.2m, $1.6m) and £3m, have annual servicing fees of about £200 000, and have additional disposable costs of at least £1000 a procedure.

In addition to the risks, costs, and need for training, a fundamental problem remains with the definition of robotic surgery, because robots themselves do not perform any procedure independently. We are, therefore, misleading ourselves as clinicians …
Expression of the constitutive and inducible forms of heat shock protein 70 in human proximal tubule cells exposed to heat, sodium arsenite, and CdCl(2).
Authors: S Somji, J H Todd, M A Sens, S H Garrett, D A Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We determined the expression of the constitutive (hsc 70) and inducible (hsp 70) forms of heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein in human proximal tubule (HPT) cells exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cd(+2) under both acute and extended conditions of exposure. The HPT cells exhibited the classic heat shock response when subjected to a physical (heat) or chemical stress (sodium arsenite); hsc 70 mRNA and protein levels were constant or slightly increased, whereas hsp 70 mRNA and protein were greatly elevated. Acute exposure to 53.4 microM CdCl(2) for 4 hr failed to increase either hsc 70 mRNA or protein, a finding similar to that observed under classic conditions of stress. However, under identical conditions of acute exposure to Cd(2+), the expected increase in hsp 70 protein level was suppressed as compared to that found under classic conditions of physical or chemical stress. The decrease in hsp 70 protein level correlated to the reduced expression of mRNA from the hsp 70B gene. The expression of mRNA from the hsp 70A and hsp 70C genes was similar to that found when the cells were treated with heat shock or sodium arsenite. We modeled an extended exposure to Cd(2+) by treating the cells continuously with Cd(2+) at both lethal and sublethal levels over a 16-day time course. Chronic exposure to Cd(2+) failed to increase either hsc 70 mRNA or protein levels in the HPT cells at a nonlethal dosage level and decreased hsc 70 mRNA and protein levels late in the time course of lethal exposure. Under identical conditions, the expression of hsp 70 protein remained at basal levels that were only marginally detectable throughout the time course. Hsp 70A and hsp 70C mRNA levels were unaltered by extended exposure to Cd(2+), and hsp 70B mRNA was not detected during the 16-day time course. Cd(2+) is a poor inducer of hsc 70 and hsp 70 in the proximal tubule under both acute and long-term exposure. These results reinforce the fact that the expression of hsp 70 protein does not result from the transcription of a single gene, but is derived from what may be a complex interplay of several underlying genes.
882 PERIPORTAL HALO SIGN AND HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS: TWO ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN THE NON-INVASIVE EVALUATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: D. Alvarez, A. Villamil, C. Diaz, O. Galdame, J.C. Bandi, P. Casciato, A. Gadano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Endogenous regulation of a therapeutic transgene restores homeostasis in arthritic joints
Authors: A.V. Miagkov, A.W. Varley, R.S. Munford, S.S. Makarov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases is complicated by their unpredictable, relapsing clinical course. Here, we describe a new strategy in which an inflammation-regulated therapeutic transgene is introduced into the joints to prevent recurrence of arthritis. To this end, we designed a recombinant adenoviral vector containing a two-component, inflammation-inducible promoter controlling the expression of human IL-10 (hIL-10) cDNA. When tested in vitro, this system had a low-level basal activity and was activated four to five orders of magnitude by various inflammatory stimuli, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and LPS. When introduced in joints of rats with recurrent streptococcal cell wall–induced arthritis, the IL-10 transgene was induced in parallel with disease recurrence and effectively prevented the influx of inflammatory cells and the associated swelling of the joints. Levels of inflammation-inducible hIL-10 protein within the joints correlated closely with the severity of recurrence. An endogenously regulated therapeutic transgene can thus establish negative feedback and restore homeostasis in vivo while minimizing host exposure to the recombinant drug.
Duodenal Perforation by a Wallstent
Authors: V. K. Thumbe, A. D. Houghton, M. S. H. Smith
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Endoscopic and/or radiological insertion of metallic mesh stents has recently been described as an alternative to palliative bypass operation in patients with gastric outlet obstruction caused by advanced malignant disease. We report a complication caused by migration and late perforation of the duodenum by a Wallstent, which raised concerns about the place of this procedure as an alternative to surgical bypass. The Wallstents have sharp ends and could cause ulcers or perforation of the viscus. Modification of the current Wallstent design may be needed.
Poster session 1. Target identification &amp; validation
Authors: S. Crawford, C. P. Malvy, C. Vauthier, J. R. Bertrand, A. L. Ramon, J. Winkler, L. Burgess, E. Laird, D. Weaver, D. Chantry, J. C. Hernandez, C. A. Guerrero, O. Acosta, S. Granja, C.-T. Lee, M.-Y. Park, E. Y. Eo, J. H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)