tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Message From China
Authors: H. B. Collier
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— In the Dec 16 issue of The Journal, Dr. Moser wrote,  is tempting to place the Hippocratic Collection beside the Nei Ching, the classic that has served as the basis for traditional medicine in China for 5,000 years.Since that would take us back to the Neolithic period of China's history, from which we have no written records, one might question the figure of 5,000 years.Rumor has it that Huang Ti, the legendary author of the Nei Ching, was born of a miraculous conception. Is it conceivable that he vouchsafed a miraculous revelation to the practitioners of later generations?
Good Light and Bad
Authors: Richard J. Wurtman, Robert M. Neer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

WISER prophets than we have proclaimed that the 1970's will be the decade when human ecology attains its rightful place in the hierarchy of medical sciences. Spurred by mounting concern about the long-term consequences of smog, food additives, water pollution and, most recently, noise, broad public support is becoming manifest for programs to explore the effects of environmental inputs on human health, and to limit the ability of individuals to modify the environment in which all of us live.Coinciding with this general growth of interest in environmental factors, recent years have also witnessed a striking increase in our knowledge . . .
Cholesteryl-grafted functional amphiphilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxylmethylacrylamide): synthesis, temperature-sensitivity, self-assembly and encapsulation of a hydrophobic agent
Authors: Xue-Ming Liu, K.P. Pramoda, Yi-Yan Yang, Shue Yin Chow, Chaobin He
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Japan
Authors: Okio Hino, Tomoyuki Kitagawa, Katsuro Koike, Midori Kobayashi, Mitsuru Hara, Wataru Mori, Toshiro Nakashima, Nobu Hattori, Haruo Sugano
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and/or cirrhotic livers of Japanese patients in Japan was investigated by molecular hybridization utilizing a 32 P-labeled cloned HBV DNA of adr subtype. Among 24 HCC cases, 9 (37.5%) were positive for serum HBsAg and 10 (41.7%), including 2 cases which were negative for serum HBV markers, were positive for tissue HBsAg in noncancerous portions of the liver. In the latter 10 cases, integrated HBV DNA was detected in HCC. The restriction pattern of integrated viral DNA was different from one case to another. In the noncancerous portion of these 10 HCC cases, free (3/10), random integration (2/10), or clonal integration (1/10) of viral DNA was demonstrated; no hybridization was detected in the remaining 14 HCC cases, either in cancerous or noncancerous portions. Of 6 cases of liver cirrhosis, 2 were positive for serum and histochemical HBsAg; viral DNA was in free state. Viral DNA was not detected in pancreatic tissue in 5 HBsAg-positive cases. The present results are in agreement with previous reports indicating a high frequency of integrated viral DNA in HBV-associated HCC and heterogeneity in the mode of integration. Our results differ in finding no HBV DNA in HCC cases not associated with HBV markers and in finding clonal populations of hepatocytes with integrated HBV DNA less frequently in the noncancerous portion of the liver of HBsAg carriers.
Solomon Berson on His Work
Authors: WILLIAM S. MIDDLETON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1972Solomon Berson on His WorkWILLIAM S. MIDDLETON, M.D.WILLIAM S. MIDDLETON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-3-477_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The inclusion of several quotations by the late Solomon A. Berson in the June 1972 Annals of Internal Medicine constrains me to share a characteristic quotation from a recent personal letter, February 16, 1972, from Dr. Berson.In regard to your question concerning the impact of this work on our subsequent research activities and careers as a whole, I think it is fair to say that since 1960, most of our activities have been concerned with radioimmunoassay of one or another hormone (or virus, Australia antigen) and with other features of peptide hormone, that could be studied... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital Madison, Wis. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1972Volume 77, Issue 3Page: 477-477KeywordsAntigensCareers in researchPeptide hormonesRadioimmunoassays Issue Published: 1 September 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The iceman's worms
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Even in a country with the world's most inefficient health service, a patient would be unfortunate to wait 5000 years for his condition to be diagnosed. Yet that is what has happened to a young Austrian. His infestation with the whipworm Trichuris trichiura was confirmed recently by Horst Aspock and colleagues at the University of Vienna and is now documented in Parasitology Today (1996;12:255).

The delayed diagnosis has been possible because of the extraordinary circumstances under which the 25-30 year old man met his death 5200-5300 years ago. Whether as a hunter or shepherd, or for some other reason, he took the fateful step one autumn of climbing …
Possible Behçet Disease
Authors: J. D. O'Duffy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (227:1066, 1974), a 16-year-old youth with a nocturnal seizure disorder and canker sores was described. It is possible that this combination may be a manifestation of Behcet disease. Although not mentioned by the discussant, canker sores, along with an unexplained neurologic disease, should raise the suspicion of this entity. The youth resembled one (case 1) of our ten patients with Behcet disease described in the Annals of Internal Medicine 75:561, 1971. In our patient, the initial manifestations were aphthous stomatitis and grand mal seizure disorder. Subsequent events during a ten-year period were polyarthritis, colitis, erythema nodosum, thrombophlebitis, and quadriparesis, culminating in colectomy for ulcerative bowel disease.  Other clues to the diagnosis of Behcet disease, besides the originally described triad of oral ulceration, genital ulceration, and uveitis, are cutaneous vasculitis, nonerosive arthritis, colitis resembling that in Crohn disease, phlebitis, and rarely, arterial aneurysms.
Damage Suits against Medical Examiners for Authorized Autopsies
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The increasing vulnerability of physicians to damage suits, usually malpractice actions, has frequently been pointed out in this column. It now seems clear that medical examiners and coroners' physicians carrying out officially authorized or ordered medicolegal autopsies are also subject to these risks. A recent column discussed a suit in Maryland to prevent a medicolegal autopsy on religious grounds.1 The Maryland court upheld the constitutionality of conducting legally authorized medical-examiner autopsies without consent of the next of kin, even when the objection is religiously based.2 I now report on a much more personal attack on a chief medical examiner, this . . .
STUDIES ON INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall, Sidney Gaines, Maurice Landy, W. D. Tigertt, Helmuth Sprinz, R.-J. Trapani, Adrian D. Mandel, A. S. Benenson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

A disease resembling human typhoid fever has been induced by feeding live cultures of Salmonella typhosa to young chimpanzees, thus confirming the classical reports of Grünbaum and of Metchnikoff and Besredka. Detailed clinical observations, results of stool and blood cultures, and serological studies have confirmed the impression that the disease produced in chimpanzees closely resembles the mild form of human typhoid fever frequently seen in childhood. Gross and histologic examination of intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other organs of orally infected chimpanzees has demonstrated that the pathological findings are essentially indistinguishable from those seen in mild typhoid fever in man. The clinical spectrum of disease seen in chimpanzees ranged from moderately severe illness, through transitory illness, to afebrile infection with or without bacteriemia (but invariably with an antibody response), occasionally leading to the development of persisting biliary infection and the carrier state. Thus the range of illness observed in chimpanzees resembled that seen in man, except that the severe and complicated forms of typhoid fever were not observed in the chimpanzee. A reason for this difference is proposed and discussed. In contrast to the limitations imposed upon the interpretation of human epidemiologic observations, it has been possible to demonstrate in the chimpanzee that clinical variation in disease pattern from animal to animal may occur despite the administration of the same dose of the same bacterial strain simultaneously to an entire group of animals under study; in other words, variation in clinical pattern is dependent on inherent, non-specific host factors as well as on dose, strain or preceding state of immunity. Variation in dose and in challenge strain of S. typhosa employed also appeared to have an effect upon the likelihood of producing febrile as against afebrile infection in chimpanzees. The dose required to produce clinical disease, even with the more virulent strain, was excessively large compared to what is believed to be the dose required to produce illness in man; the limitations of this assumption, and suggested explanations for the findings, are discussed. The production of the spectrum of typhoid fever in the chimpanzee has made possible the study of basic problems in this disease which are not amenable to definitive study through the use of prevailing laboratory techniques.
MPs back guidance on assisted suicide in first Commons debate for 40 years
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The House of Commons has thrown its overwhelming support behind guidelines on assisted suicide from the director of public prosecutions, in the first full debate on assisted dying to take place on the floor of the UK’s elected chamber since 1970.

MPs taking part in the debate, which was allowed by the Commons backbench business committee, also backed the further development of specialist palliative care and hospice provision. But an amendment calling for the director of public prosecutions’ guidelines to be put on a statutory footing was withdrawn after it was widely opposed, with some MPs characterising …
Increased Thirst and Plasma Arginine Vasopressin Levels during 2-Deoxy-d-glucose-induced Glucoprivation in Humans
Authors: D. A. Thompson, R. G. Campbell, U. Lilavivat, S. L. Welle, G. L. Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia by unknown mechanism(s) increases plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in humans. Mechanisms for increased AVP levels during central nervous system glucoprivation were investigated by administering 20-min i.v. infusions of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (50 mg/kg), a competitive inhibitor of glucose utilization, or normal saline (sham), to 24 normal volunteers. Some of the infusions were administered in combination with neuropharmacological blocking agents (placebo). The behavioral, physiological, metabolic, and hormonal correlates of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG)-induced gluco-privation and AVP secretion were studied in a group (n = 5) pretreated for 1 wk with either mazindol (1 mg per os three times per day), a potent norepinephrine and dopamine-reuptake blocker, or placebo. A second group (n = 5) received either propranolol (3 mg/3 min followed by 80 μg/min) or normal saline infusion before and during 2DG administration. With 2DG alone, plasma AVP levels increased from 1.3±0.3 pg/ml at base line to a peak of 4.5±1.4 pg/ml at 60 min and remained elevated for 150 min. From 30 to 180 min after 2DG administration, the 2DG-infused volunteers increased their water intake in comparison with sham-infused volunteers. Marked increases in epinephrine and slight increases in norepinephrine were associated with increases in plasma glucose and renin activity and decreases in plasma potassium. Plasma sodium and osmolality increased transiently and mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell. These changes, however, were small and inconstant and could not account for the observed increases in thirst and AVP levels. Pretreatment with mazindol prevented the decrease in MAP and the increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) following 2DG infusions without modifying increased thirst, water intake, or AVP responses to glucoprivation. Pretreatment with propranolol effectively blocked β-adrenoreceptors as evidenced by increased MAP and plasma epinephrine, and abolition of the RPA increases during 2DG-induced glycoprivation, but did not suppress AVP and thirst responses. A cervical cord-sectioned patient lacking descending sympathetic out-flow had a potentiated thirst response to 2DG-induced glucoprivation in the absence of increases in sodium, catecholamines, and PRA. Thus 2DG administration activates mechanisms for increased thirst and AVP which are unrelated to changes in peripheral catecholamines, MAP, PRA, and osmolality.
The Algorithm in Medicine
Authors: Lewis B. Sheiner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> William H. Crosby, MD, in his recent editorial (238:2721, 1977) reacting to our article (238:2709, 1977), argues that we must not allow the totality of the clinical process to be usurped by bureaucratic prescriptions for practice in the form of clinical algorithms. We agree. We disagree that this merits the wholesale condemnation of algorithms. Procedural guidelines are the basis of any attempt to teach "clinical judgment" or, indeed, of any scheme of decision-making. According to<i>Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary</i>, "algorithm" is simply a conveniently short term for "a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem." Any such step-by-step diagnostic (or therapeutic) procedure must occasionally fail, as must any clinician adhering to his own, possibly unacknowledged, rules. We acknowledged in our article the problems with our algorithm for the workup of iron deficiency. We would not, however, advocate an iron and iron-binding procedure in every patient with anemia as
Newly Approved Does Not Always Mean New and Improved
Authors: Geoffrey M. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of fetomaternal hemorrhage
Authors: Yeowon A. Kim, Robert S. Makar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract The prevention of Rhesus D alloimmunization through Rh immune globulin (RhIg) administration is the major indication for the accurate detection and quantification of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). In the setting of D incompatibility, D‐positive fetal cells can sensitize the D‐negative mother, resulting in maternal anti‐D alloantibody production. These anti‐D alloantibodies may lead to undesirable sequelae such as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Since the widespread adoption of FMH screening and RhIg immunoprophylaxis, the overall risk of Rh alloimmunization and infant mortality from HDN has substantially decreased. The rosette screen, the initial test of choice, is highly sensitive in qualitatively detecting 10 mL of fetal whole blood in the maternal circulation. As the screen is reliant on the presence of the D antigen to distinguish fetal from maternal cells, it cannot be used to detect FMH in D‐positive mothers or in D‐negative mothers carrying a D‐negative fetus. The Kleihauer‐Betke acid‐elution test, the most widely used confirmatory test for quantifying FMH, relies on the principle that fetal RBCs contain mostly fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is resistant to acid‐elution whereas adult hemoglobin is acid‐sensitive. Although the Kleihauer‐Betke test is inexpensive and requires no special equipment, it lacks standardization and precision, and may not be accurate in conditions with elevated F‐cells. Anti‐HbF flow cytometry is a promising alternative, although its use is limited by equipment and staffing costs. Hematology analyzers with flow cytometry capabilities may be adapted for fetal cell detection, thus giving clinical laboratories a potentially attractive automated alternative for quantifying FMH. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carcinogenic risk assessment: comparison of estimated safe doses for rats and mice.
Authors: J J Chen, D W Gaylor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Data from the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) carcinogenesis bioassays were examined to compare cancer risks in rats and mice. Only those bioassays where chemicals were administered orally were used. The ratios for rats to mice of the virtually safe dose (VSD) levels associated with a risk of 10(-6) were compared. Comparisons of the ratios were made for those chemicals that NCI/NTP determined to be carcinogenic in at least one species and that showed a dose response trend in the same sex at the same tissue/organ site in the other species. In all, 69 comparisons from 38 carcinogens were performed. The overall geometric mean of the VSD ratios is 1.27 in terms of concentration (ppm); the mean and the standard deviation in logarithm are 0.24 and 1.83, respectively. The VSD ratios vary from 1:51 to 49:1. Without the restriction of the same sex and site, the geometric mean of the minimum VSDs is 1.38, and the standard deviation in logarithm is 1.79. By directly comparing the VSDs for rats and mice (as they are performed for risk assessment), this study showed a probability of 0.10 that the ratio of VSDs is greater than 10, and the ratio is greater than 20 with a probability of 0.05 when a chemical is carcinogenic in both species.
The exsorption characteristics of various sugars.
Authors: A T Axon, B Creamer
Journal: Gut (1975)

Various sugars were administered intravenously to rabbits and the rate of exsorption from plasma to intestinal lumen was measured. The exsorption rates of lactulose, mannose, and xylose were directly related to their plasma concentration but varied according to their molecular weight. Wglucose and galactose did not appear in the intestinal lumen until very high plasma concentrations were reached. The mucosal barrier which prevented glucose and galactose exsorption was abolished when luminal phlorizin M times 10-minus 2 or another actively absorbed sugar was placed in the lumen. 2:4 Dinitrophenol M times 10-minus 3 and the absence of the sodium ion did not impair the ffficiency of the barrier. When the plasma glucose concentration was raised to very high levels, glucose began to appear in the lumen; further increases in the glucose concentration then produced a rapid exsorption of glucose.
Successful Scientific Writing: A Step-By-Step Guide for the Biological and Medical Sciences
Authors: T. Albert
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Janice R Matthews, John M Bowen, Robert W Matthews Cambridge University Press, pounds sterling14.95, pp 181 ISBN 0 521 55948 0

On the day I sat down to write this review, a friend e-mailed me to draw my attention to a news story in the BMJ. It told of a doctor censured by the General Medical Council for falsifying letters from an ethical committee. The forged letters, described as “hopelessly inept,” contained grammatical errors and were couched in language that was difficult to understand. “Just the ticket for a …
Lack of Association Between Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Morbidity and All-Cause Mortality in Persons Older Than 70 Years
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether elevated serum cholesterol level is associated with all-cause mortality, mortality from coronary heart disease, or hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina in persons older than 70 years. Also, to evaluate the association between low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated ratio of serum cholesterol to HDL-C with these outcomes.Prospective, community-based cohort study with yearly interviews.A total of 997 subjects who were interviewed in 1988 as part of the New Haven, Conn, cohort of the Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) and consented to have blood drawn.The risk factor-adjusted odds ratios of the 4-year incidence of all-cause mortality, mortality from coronary heart disease, and hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina were calculated for the following: subjects with total serum cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 6.20 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL) compared with subjects with cholesterol levels less than 5.20 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL); subjects in the lowest tertile of HDL-C level compared with those in the highest tertile; and subjects in the highest tertile of the ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL-C level compared with those in the lowest tertile.Elevated total serum cholesterol level, low HDL-C, and high total serum cholesterol to HDL-C ratio were not associated with a significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, or hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factor-adjusted odds ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 2.69) for the group who had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 6.20 mmol/L (> or = 240 mg/dL) compared with the group that had levels less than 5.20 mmol/L (< 200 mg/dL); 1.00 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.70) for the group in the lowest tertile of HDL-C compared with those in the highest tertile; and 1.03 (95% CK, 0.62 to 1.71) for subjects in the highest tertile of the ratio of total serum cholesterol to HDL-C compared with those in the lowest tertile.Our findings do not support the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia or low HDL-C are important risk factors for all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, or hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina in this cohort of persons older than 70 years.