tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Putting the research into practice
Authors: N. A Rigotti
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Tobacco use is common and is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States and the United Kingdom. Smoking cessation benefits virtually every smoker, regardless of age, disease state, or years of smoking.1 Smoking persists because of physical dependence on nicotine and psychological dependence on cigarettes as part of the daily routine, and as a way of coping with stress.2 Smokers, even those with tobacco related disease, are often ambivalent about quitting, discouraged by failed attempts to stop, and unaware of effective treatments. Tobacco use is best regarded by doctors as a chronic condition requiring long term management rather than just one-time advice to quit.2 3

Pharmacotherapy and counselling are each effective for treating tobacco …
Personality correlates of the dopaminergic facilitation of incentive motivation: Impulsive sensation seeking rather than extraversion?
Authors: Alan D. Pickering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Depue &amp; Collins associate dopaminergically mediated incentive motivational processes with extraversion. In this commentary I consider dopaminergic indices from neuroimaging investigations which correlate more closely with impulsive sensation seeking personality traits than with extraversion. Measures of relevant behavioural processes also appear to correlate with personality measures other than extraversion.
Adiponectin and Lipoprotein Particle Size
Authors: Kokoro Tsuzaki, Kazuhiko Kotani, Shinji Fujiwara, Naoki Sakane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We read with great interest the recently published study by Weiss et al. (1) on adiponectin and lipoprotein particle size. They indicate that adiponectin is favorably associated with the lipoprotein particle size and subclass distribution independent of adiposity and insulin sensitivity in young adults (1). However, they did not check lifestyle-related factors, such as smoking status, which affect the lipoprotein particle size. Although adiponectin levels are not independently associated with stroke or brain infarction (2), adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of initial-onset coronary heart disease in older people (3). Moreover, adiponectin gene single nucleotide …
Demographic and clinical predictors of excessive anticoagulation following initiation of warfarin therapy
Authors: Henock Saint-Jacques, Anne S. Hellkamp, David E. Kandzari, Christopher M. O'Connor, Robert M. Califf, Valentin Fuster, Stephen L. Kopecky, Anatoly Langer, Patrick T. O'Gara, David A. Vorchheimer, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Transcriptional Repressor ZEB1 Promotes Metastasis and Loss of Cell Polarity in Cancer
Authors: Simone Spaderna, Otto Schmalhofer, Mandy Wahlbuhl, Arno Dimmler, Katja Bauer, Aneesa Sultan, Falk Hlubek, Andreas Jung, Dennis Strand, Andreas Eger, Thomas Kirchner, Jürgen Behrens, Thomas Brabletz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Invasion and metastasis are the hallmarks of malignant tumor progression and the main cause of death in cancer. The embryonic program “epithelial-mesenchymal transition” (EMT) is thought to trigger invasion by allowing tumor cell dissemination. Here, we describe that the EMT-inducing transcriptional repressor ZEB1 promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis and loss of cell polarity. Thereby, ZEB1 suppresses the expression of cell polarity factors, in particular of Lgl2, which we found reduced in colorectal and breast cancers. We further show that retention of Lgl2 expression is critical for the epithelial phenotype and that its loss might be involved in metastasis. Thus, by linking EMT, loss of polarity, and metastasis, ZEB1 is a crucial promoter of malignant tumor progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):537–44]
THE COURSE OF NT-PROBNP IN REAL-LIFE PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSFEMORAL AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Sabine Scherzer, Lisa Krenn, Christian Roth, Cemens Gangl, Daniel Dalos, Gerald Maurer, Raphael Rosenhek, Thomas Neunteufl, Thomas Binder, Jutta Bergler-Klein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
DIFFERENTIAL JUGULAR BLOOD CULTURES IN SINUS THROMBOSIS
Authors: REUBEN OTTENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Since my preliminary publication1on differential jugular blood cultures, I have used the procedure in eleven more cases, making a total of fifteen cases so treated. The practical value of the procedure is beginning to be more clearly defined. Perhaps of more importance than its diagnostic use is the new light which the method throws on the mechanism of blood stream infection in sinus thrombosis.  It will be remembered that the principle of the procedure consists in aspirating blood simultaneously from the two internal jugular veins, carefully plating it out in petri dishes of nutrient agar, and comparing the number of colonies of bacteria per cubic centimeter of blood obtained from the two sides.2In a case of otitic infection, a very marked difference in the number of micro-organisms in the two sides is regarded as evidence of thrombus on one lateral sinus or the other.  The results
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Features of Rosai Dorfman Disease
Authors: Sellam Karunanithi, Harmandeep Singh, Punit Sharma, Niraj Naswa, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Rosai Dorfman disease (RDD) or sinus histiocytosis is a rare non-neoplastic idiopathic disease characterized by massive lymphadenopathy in young adults. Extranodal involvement is seen in 25%–43% cases. RDD is usually self-remitting. However, it mimics lymphoproliferatve disorders clinically as well as on imaging. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in a 46-year-old female patient with nodal RDD.
Temsirolimus and bevacizumab, or sunitinib, or interferon alfa and bevacizumab for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (TORAVA): a randomised phase 2 trial
Authors: Sylvie Négrier, Gwenaëlle Gravis, David Pérol, Christine Chevreau, Rémy Delva, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Ellen Blanc, Céline Ferlay, Lionnel Geoffrois, Frédéric Rolland, Eric Legouffe, Emmanuel Sevin, Brigitte Laguerre, Bernard Escudier
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
The diagnostic value of TAT value for early detection of thrombosed false lumen in acute aortic dissection
Authors: Kazuhisa Mori, Yasushi Itoh, Tetsuro Shoji, Masanobu Mitani, Shuji Yamamoto, Takeshi Ichimura, Keisuke Hatamoto, Satoshi Nara, Yasufumi Asai, Masamitsu Kaneko
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Multicentre study of cancer pain and its treatment in France
Authors: F. Larue, S. M Colleau, L. Brasseur, C. S Cleeland
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To describe the treatment of cancer pain in France and to evaluate the predictive factors for inadequate management. <b>Design</b>: Multicentre, representative cross sectional survey. <b>Setting</b>: 20 treatment centres, including cancer centres, university hospitals, state hospitals, private clinics, and one homecare setting (in which patients are supported at home). <b>Subjects</b>: 605 patients with cancer. <b>Main measures</b>: Patients rated prevalence and severity of pain and functional impairment related to pain. Doctors reported patients9 cancer characteristic, performance status, pain severity, and analgesic drugs ordered. <b>Results</b>: 57% (340/601) of patients with cancer reported pain due to their disease, and, of those with pain, 69% (224/325) rated their worst pain at a level that impaired their ability to function. 30% (84/279) were reported as receiving no drugs for their pain. Of the 270 patients in pain for whom information on treatment was available 51% (137/270) were not receiving adequate pain relief, according to an index based on the World Health Organisation9s guidelines. French doctors were found to underestimate the severity of their patients9 pain. Younger patients, patients without metastatic disease, patients with a better performance status, and patients who rated their pain as more severe than their doctors did were at greater risk for undertreatment of their pain. <b>Conclusions</b>: In the light of the high prevalence and the severity of pain among patients with cancer, the assessment and treatment of cancer pain in France remain inadequate, emphasising the need for changes in patient care. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Data on prevalence, severity, and treatment of pain in patients with cancer are fragmentary This national French study shows that pain is present in over half of cancer patients, that more than two thirds rate their worst pain as impairing their ability to function, and that half of patients in pain do not receive adequate treatment Doctors underestimate the severity of their patients9 cancer pain and provide inadequate treatment These results are useful baseline data against which to evaluate future programmes for the control of cancer pain in France
Acquired Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: KENNETH B. BABCOCK, RICHARD D. JUDGE, JOSEPH J. BOOKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Acquired pulmonic stenosis is rare. A well-documented case of pulmonary infundibular stenosis due to mediastinal lymphoma has been described. Complete disappearance of the heart murmur followed therapy with nitrogen mustard. Other causes of acquired pulmonic stenosis have been discussed.
Dynamic Classification of Bone Dysplasias.
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Fortbildungskurse. Vol 11-12. By E. Rossi. Price, $7.00. Pp 158, with 41 illustrations, 25 tabulations. S. Karger, A. G., c/o Albert J. Phiebig, American Representative of Foreign Publishers, Box 352, White Plains, NY 10602, 1964. This volume, the latest in Karger's series of Postgraduate Courses in Pediatrics, consists of nine short reviews of selected topics pertinent to pediatric hematology, each by a recognized authority in the field. The scope of the contents is best presented by listing the subjects and authors : 1. Leukemias of Childhood, J. Bernard. 2. Lymphocytosis and Lymphopenia in Children, C. Gasser. 3. Metabolic Abnormalities of the Erythrocyte, K. Betke. 4. Morphogenesis of Erythrocytes as a Basis for Classification of Anemias, H. Weicker. 5. Mechanisms of Hemolysis, M. Jeannet. 6. Aplastic Anemias, U. Bucher. 7. Structural Abnormalities of Human Hemoglobin, O T\l=o\nz. 8. Platelet Function, E. F. L\l=u\scher. 9. Thrombocytopenia in Children, E. Gugler. Clearly it was not the intention of the editor to make this a comprehensive textbook of pediatric hematology. Erythroblastosis and serologic problems are among the topics conspicuously missing from the volume. Most of the papers are selective within their subjects as well, with emphasis upon the particular research interests of the author. There is little information here that has not been published previously, though much of it will be new to the reader who con¬ fines his reading to the English language. Unfortunately for that same reader, all the papers in this volume are in German, except for those by Bernard and Jeannet, which are in French. As these are review articles, summaries and abstracts are not included, either in the original tongue nor in the usual multilingual format common to Swiss publications. Karger's usual high standards of publication are e\ddent, though this is not a sumptuous volume. It is paper-backed, with margins which seem unnecessarily narrow. I was able to find only three typographical errors, one on 11 and two on 69, all of which are minor. Photographs
High altitude exposure reduces bronchial responsiveness to hypo-osmolar aerosol in lowland asthmatics
Authors: L Allegra, A Cogo, D Legnani, PL Diano, V Fasano, GG Negretto
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

It is well-known that many patients with asthma undergo clinical improvement during a stay at high altitude. At high altitude, the atmospheric and climatic conditions (such as hypoxia, cold and dry air inhalation) could modify the bronchial responsiveness in asthmatics. Our study was designed to assess the difference in bronchial responsiveness to hypotonic aerosol between sea level and high altitudes in nonresident asthmatic subjects. The results were obtained during two mountaineering expeditions above 4,000 m i.e. at 4,559 m on Mt Rosa, Italy; and at 5,050 m near the Mt Everest base camp in Nepal. Eleven mild asthmatics performed standard bronchial challenges with ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (5 min inhalation, delivery 2 mL-min-1) at sea level and after staying at least 72 h at the above mentioned altitudes. The decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from baseline was used as index of bronchial response. There was no significant difference in pre-challenge FEV1 between sea level and high altitude in either study. However, the bronchoconstriction response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water was significantly reduced at high altitude in both studies. At sea level the mean FEV1 decrease was 22.2% (range 15-35%), whereas as the maximal altitude it was 6.7% (range 2-11%). Our results indicate that there is a reduction in bronchial responsiveness to hypoosmolar aerosol at high altitude. This suggests that atmospheric and climatic conditions, or physiological adaptations, via mediators such as atrial natriuretic peptide, are beneficial to patients with asthma at high altitude.
IMPACT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION ON THE OUTCOME OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Saki Ito, Sorin Pislaru, Soo Wern Miin, Vuyisile Nkomo, Jae Oh, Kevin Greason, Verghese Mathew, Rakesh Suri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Deciding authorship order
Authors: P. M. Brennan, A. Jubb, J. K. Baillie, R. W. Partridge
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> A statute enacted in 2005 modified the legislative framework of the rights of terminally ill persons in France. Ten years after the EURONIC study, which described the self-reported practices of neonatal caregivers towards ethical decision-making, a new study was conducted to assess the impact of the new law in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and compare the results reported by EURONIC with current practices. <h3>Setting and design</h3> The study was carried out in the same two NICU as in the EURONIC qualitative study. A third centre was added to increase the sample size. From February to October 2007, 19 physicians and 17 nurses participated in semistructured interviews very similar to those for EURONIC. Content analysis identified the recurring themes emerging from the interviews. <h3>Results</h3> Compared with the EURONIC results, the caregivers reported that they pay greater attention to the views of parents and provided respectful support to the neonates when life-sustaining treatment is withdrawn. Active termination of life has become exceptional. The possibility of withdrawal of treatment, the administration of sedatives to control pain even at the risk of hastening death, the emphasis on sparing parents the burden of decision, and the relative ignorance of the law were very similar to the EURONIC findings. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Both the medical and the legal regulation of practices has allowed more dialogue with the parents and more humane care for dying newborns. A new European study is necessary to investigate the possible changes in practices and attitudes also in other countries.
Identification of rifampin-inducible P450IIIA4 (CYP3A4) in human small bowel enterocytes.
Authors: J C Kolars, P Schmiedlin-Ren, J D Schuetz, C Fang, P B Watkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Enzymes within the P450IIIA (CYP3A) subfamily appear to account for significant "first pass" metabolism of some drugs in the intestine. To identify which of the known P450IIIA genes are expressed in intestine, enterocyte RNA was hybridized on Northern blots with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to hypervariable regions of hepatic P450IIIA4, P450IIIA5, and P450IIIA7 cDNAs. Hybridization was detected only with the P450IIIA4-specific oligonucleotide. The identity of the hybridizing mRNA was confirmed to be P450IIIA4 by direct sequencing of a DNA fragment amplified from enterocyte cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction. To determine if enterocyte P450IIIA4 is inducible, biopsies of small bowel mucosa were obtained from five volunteers before and after they received 7d of treatment with rifampin, a known inducer of P450IIIA4 in liver. Rifampin treatment resulted in a five- or eightfold mean increase (P < 0.05) in the biopsy concentration of P450IIIA4 mRNA when normalized for content of sucrase isomaltase or intestinal fatty acid binding protein mRNAs, respectively. Rifampin also induced P450IIIA immunoreactive protein in enterocytes in each of the subjects, as judged by immunohistochemistry, and resulted in a 10-fold increase in P450IIIA4-specific catalytic activity (erythromycin N-demethylation) in the one patient studied. Our identification of inducible P450IIIA4 in enterocytes may in part account for drug interactions characteristic of P450IIIA4 substrates and suggests a strategy for controlling entry into the body of a major class of xenobiotics.
Hypoxia regulates the adenosine transporter, mENT1, in the murine cardiomyocyte cell line, HL-1
Authors: N Chaudary
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Objective: Adenosine is an important paracrine hormone in the cardiovascular system. Adenosine flux across cardiomyocyte membranes occurs mainly via equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). The role of the ENTs in adenosine physiology is poorly understood, particularly in response to metabolic stress such as hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic hypoxia on ENT1, the predominant ENT isoform in cardiomyocytes. Methods: HL-1 cells (immortalized murine cardiomyocytes) were exposed to hypoxia (2% O2) for 0–20 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, glucose uptake, GLUT1 and GLUT4 protein, adenosine uptake, PKC activity, translocation profiles of PKCδ and ε, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI) binding and mENT1 mRNA levels were measured. The role of PKC in regulating mENT1 was further investigated using phorbol ester (100 nM, 18 h) and a dominant negative PKCε construct, pSVK3PKCε1-401. Results: HL-1 cells have typical cardiomyocyte responses to hypoxia based on cell viability, LDH release, glucose uptake and GLUT protein levels. Hypoxia (8–20 h) down-regulates mENT1-dependent adenosine uptake, NBTI-binding and PKCε but not PKCδ in HL-1 cells. Abrogation of PKCε activity using chronic phorbol ester or a dominant negative PKCε mimicked the effect of hypoxia on adenosine uptake suggesting that PKCε is involved in regulation of mENT1. Hypoxia (4 h) decreases mENT1 mRNA, which returns to basal levels by 20 h. Conclusions: Chronic hypoxia down-regulates mENT1 activity possibly via PKCε. Hypoxia and PKC also regulate mENT1 RNA levels. Cardiomyocytes may regulate mENT1 (via PKCε) to modulate release and/or uptake of adenosine. However, the relationship between mENT1 mRNA levels, protein levels and functional transport is complex.
Imaging Cortical Dopamine Concentrations, At Last! Application to the Neurobiology of Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Gwenn S. Smith
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Over the past three decades, progress in radiotracer chemistry and instrumentation for positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled us to test mechanistic hypotheses of psychiatric illness generated by integrating clinical observations, animal models, and postmortem data.A major advance in the early 1990s was the development and validation of PET methods to directly measure changes in endogenous dopamine (1, 2).Initially, serial PET scans with radiotracers for the dopamine (D 2/3 ) receptor were performed after administration of a placebo or drugs that increased (e.g., d-amphetamine, methylphenidate) or decreased (e.g., reserpine, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine) dopamine concentrations.The majority of studies were performed with the substituted benzamide class of radiotracers: [ 11 C]raclopride for PET.In fact, raclopride was developed originally as an antipsychotic drug.These antagonist radiotracers bind to the D 2/3 receptor and compete with dopamine so that a pharmacologic increase in endogenous dopamine concentrations would produce a decrease in [ 11 C]raclopride binding; or vice versa, a decrease in dopamine would increase [ 11 C]raclopride binding.For the first time, the role of dopamine in many psychiatric and neurological conditions could be evaluated in vivo, and the variability in response could be interpreted in the context of behaviors or symptoms, such as craving, attention, impulsivity, and psychosis, of treatment response, and of genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine neurotransmission (3-7).The method was also used to study neurotransmitter interactions in vivo by investigating the effect of drugs that affect serotoninergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic systems (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, ketamine) on dopamine concentrations (8,9).Importantly, the method has been used to study changes in endogenous dopamine during performance of cognitive tasks, induction of behavioral states, or brain stimulation (10-12).Dopamine agonist radiotracers that image receptors in the high affinity state have also been evaluated and, as expected, show greater sensitivity to changes in dopamine concentrations than the dopamine antagonist tracers (13).The applications of these methods seemed endless and the results very intriguing, but we were left with a major limitation: we could only measure changes in the basal ganglia where dopamine D 2/3 receptor concentrations are high.It was not possible to visualize cortical and limbic regions that are involved in cognition and emotion because of the relatively low concentration and relatively rapid radiotracer washout of cortical D 2/3 receptors.The research conducted by Narendran et al. represents a major advance in the molecular brain imaging field.
All cause and disease specific mortality in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis: population based cohort study
Authors: E. Nuesch, P. Dieppe, S. Reichenbach, S. Williams, S. Iff, P. Juni
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To examine all cause and disease specific mortality in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> General practices in the southwest of England. <b>Participants</b> 1163 patients aged 35 years or over with symptoms and radiological confirmation of osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Age and sex standardised mortality ratios and multivariable hazard ratios of death after a median of 14 years’ follow-up. <b>Results</b> Patients with osteoarthritis had excess all cause mortality compared with the general population (standardised mortality ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.41 to 1.70). Excess mortality was observed for all disease specific causes of death but was particularly pronounced for cardiovascular (standardised mortality ratio 1.71, 1.49 to 1.98) and dementia associated mortality (1.99, 1.22 to 3.25). Mortality increased with increasing age (P for trend &lt;0.001), male sex (adjusted hazard ratio 1.59, 1.30 to 1.96), self reported history of diabetes (1.95, 1.31 to 2.90), cancer (2.28, 1.50 to 3.47), cardiovascular disease (1.38, 1.12 to 1.71), and walking disability (1.48, 1.17 to 1.86). However, little evidence existed for increased mortality associated with previous joint replacement, obesity, depression, chronic inflammatory disease, eye disease, or presence of pain at baseline. The more severe the walking disability, the higher was the risk of death (P for trend &lt;0.001). <b>Conclusion</b> Patients with osteoarthritis are at higher risk of death compared with the general population. History of diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease and the presence of walking disability are major risk factors. Management of patients with osteoarthritis and walking disability should focus on effective treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, as well as on increasing physical activity.