tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does endocardial endothelium mediate positive inotropic response to angiotensin I and angiotensin II?
Authors: A L Meulemans, L J Andries, D L Brutsaert
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The positive inotropic response to angiotensin I and II in cardiac tissue of most mammalian species, as well as the exact site in the heart for conversion of local and systemic angiotensin I into angiotensin II, remains to be elucidated. In isolated cat papillary muscles, angiotensin I and angiotensin II (0.1 nM to 1 microM, 35 degrees C, 1.25 mM Ca2+) increased, in a dose-dependent manner, peak twitch tension with typical slight prolongation of twitch duration. This typical response did not necessitate the presence of an intact endocardial endothelium (EE), as a similar response was observed in muscles where the EE had been damaged by a 1-second exposure to 0.5% Triton X-100. After addition of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, the positive inotropic response to angiotensin I was completely abolished, both in the presence and the absence of an intact EE. Hence, the heart possesses angiotensin converting enzyme, which mediates the positive inotropic response to angiotensin I. An intact EE was not a prerequisite for this response; thus, myocytes as well as nonmyocytes may be possible locations (in addition to the EE) for angiotensin converting enzyme. In the presence of an intact EE, and after addition of captopril, the positive inotropic response to angiotensin II was significantly diminished (desensitization). By contrast, in the absence of an intact EE, but also after addition of captopril, the positive response to angiotensin II was potentiated (sensitization). Both desensitization and sensitization (in the presence or absence of an intact EE, respectively) of the response to angiotensin II induced by the addition of captopril were inhibited by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, suggesting a role for prostaglandins.
Dynamics of the Orifices of the Venae Cavae Studied by Cineangiocardiography
Authors: FRANK L. CAMPETI, GEORGE H. RAMSEY, RAYMOND GRAMIAK, JAMES S. WATSON, Vivian A. Palladoro
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Closure of the caval orifices of the right atrium and dynamics of the venae cavae have been studied by an analysis of high-speed cineangiocardiographic records. The influence of respirogenic and cardiogenic factors on venae cavae dynamics was demonstrated. Findings indicated that mechanical and hemodynamic factors interact in directing the atrial blood forward and in preventing its reflux into the venae cavae. Relative narrowing of the caval orifices was demonstrated during atrial systole. The degree of narrowing, however, was insufficient to produce a mechanical closure and thus to prevent caval refluxes when the pressure gradients were altered. The findings are illustrated and discussed.
Ciba Foundation symposium on the exocrine pancreas; normal and abnormal functions.
Authors: Ruven Levitan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book presents the records of the proceedings of the first Ciba Foundation symposium on the exocrine pancreas, the first Ciba symposium devoted to any part of the alimentary tract. It was held in London, between May 30 and June 1, 1961. Present were 28 distinguished workers in the field from both sides of the Atlantic, representing the US, Britain, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Germany, and Hungary; the chairman was Dr. Sheila Sherlock. The record of the symposium comprises lectures and a panel discussion. Each presentation is followed by adequate debate. The topics of the formal presentations are broad, and deal with "Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the pancreas," "Nature of pancreatic secretions," "Physiologic control of pancreatic secretion," "Assessment of pancreatic function," and "Genetic and metabolic aspects of pancreatic diseases." The general panel discussion is presented in a very lively and interesting manner and is probably the most stimulating part of
Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Pathologically Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen, Jorge Paradelo, M. Scott Lucia, Gary Miller, Dean Troyer, Edward Messing, Jeffrey Forman, Joseph Chin, Gregory Swanson, Edith Canby-Hagino, E. David Crawford
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextDespite a stage-shift to earlier cancer stages and lower tumor volumes for prostate cancer, pathologically advanced disease is detected at radical prostatectomy in 38% to 52% of patients. However, the optimal management of these patients after radical prostatectomy is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether adjuvant radiotherapy improves metastasis-free survival in patients with stage pT3 N0 M0 prostate cancer.Design, Setting, and PatientsRandomized, prospective, multi-institutional, US clinical trial with enrollment between August 15, 1988, and January 1, 1997 (with database frozen for statistical analysis on September 21, 2005). Patients were 425 men with pathologically advanced prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy.InterventionMen were randomly assigned to receive 60 to 64 Gy of external beam radiotherapy delivered to the prostatic fossa (n = 214) or usual care plus observation (n = 211).Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was metastasis-free survival, defined as time to first occurrence of metastatic disease or death due to any cause. Secondary outcomes included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse, recurrence-free survival, overall survival, freedom from hormonal therapy, and postoperative complications.ResultsAmong the 425 men, median follow-up was 10.6 years (interquartile range, 9.2-12.7 years). For metastasis-free survival, 76 (35.5%) of 214 men in the adjuvant radiotherapy group were diagnosed with metastatic disease or died (median metastasis-free estimate, 14.7 years), compared with 91 (43.1%) of 211 (median metastasis-free estimate, 13.2 years) of those in the observation group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.55-1.02; P = .06). There were no significant between-group differences for overall survival (71 deaths, median survival of 14.7 years for radiotherapy vs 83 deaths, median survival of 13.8 years for observation; HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.58-1.09; P = .16). PSA relapse (median PSA relapse–free survival, 10.3 years for radiotherapy vs 3.1 years for observation; HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31-0.58; P&lt;.001) and disease recurrence (median recurrence-free survival, 13.8 years for radiotherapy vs 9.9 years for observation; HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.82; P = .001) were both significantly reduced with radiotherapy. Adverse effects were more common with radiotherapy vs observation (23.8% vs 11.9%), including rectal complications (3.3% vs 0%), urethral strictures (17.8% vs 9.5%), and total urinary incontinence (6.5% vs 2.8%).ConclusionsIn men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer, adjuvant radiotherapy resulted in significantly reduced risk of PSA relapse and disease recurrence, although the improvements in metastasis-free survival and overall survival were not statistically significant.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00394511
Acute Glomerulonephritis in the Guillain-Barré-Strohl Syndrome
Authors: Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, Rafael García, Lírimo Rubio, José Zabala, Guillermo Moros, Rolando Torres
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

From February 1969 through March 1972, nine cases of the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome were seen. In all nine patients there was evidence of acute glomerulonephritis, and in eight histological confirmation was obtained. The clinical manifestations of renal disease were hypertension or microscopic hematuria, or both, found only after repeated examinations. In one patient who showed clear-cut histologic changes, there were no clinical or laboratory findings of nephritis. The patients were followed for up to 3 years after the initial episode, and control biopsies in two patients showed progressive changes towards chronicity. The data suggest that acute nephritis is frequently associated with idiopathic polyneuroradiculitis.
Predisposing Factors in Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Authors: N. Hurwitz
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Predisposing factors were sought in 118 patients who developed adverse drug reactions in hospital. Significantly more patients of 60 years and over, and more women than men, developed adverse drug reactions. Patients with reactions had more drugs before the development of the reaction than patients who did not develop reactions. A previous adverse drug reaction and a history of allergic disease were significant factors, while a history of jaundice or the presence of diabetes mellitus and renal disease was not.
TSC-22 contributes to hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and repopulation and is epigenetically silenced in large granular lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Jianhua Yu, Maxim Ershler, Li Yu, Min Wei, Björn Hackanson, Akihiko Yokohama, Takeki Mitsui, Chunhui Liu, Hsiaoyin Mao, Shujun Liu, Zhongfa Liu, Rossana Trotta, Chang-gong Liu, Xiuping Liu, Kun Huang, Jan Visser, Guido Marcucci, Christoph Plass, Alexander V. Belyavsky, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Blood (2009)
TCT-4 Impact of Catheter Fragmentation followed by Local Intrapulmonary Thrombolysis in Acute High risk Pulmonary Embolism as Primary Therapy: Acute and Long term outcomes
Authors: Bishav Garg, Shibba Chhabra, Naved Aslam, Rohit Tandon, Naresh Sood, Gurpreet Wander
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Comparative Evaluation of Dynamic Abdominal Sonography for Hernia and Computed Tomography for Characterization of Incisional Hernia
Authors: Rebeccah B. Baucom, William C. Beck, Sharon E. Phillips, Michael D. Holzman, Kenneth W. Sharp, William H. Nealon, Benjamin K. Poulose
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Previous work has demonstrated that dynamic abdominal sonography for hernia (DASH) is accurate for the diagnosis of incisional hernia. The usefulness of DASH for characterization of incisional hernia is unknown.To determine whether DASH can be objectively used to characterize incisional hernias by measurement of mean surface area (MSA).A prospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 109 adults with incisional hernia were enrolled between July 1, 2010, and March 1, 2012. Patients with a stoma, fistula, or soft-tissue infection were excluded.DASH was performed by a surgeon to determine the maximal transverse and craniocaudal dimensions of the incisional hernia. A separate surgeon, blinded to the DASH results, performed the same measurements using computed tomography (CT).The MSA was calculated, and the difference in MSA by DASH and CT was compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Subset analysis was performed with patients stratified into nonobese, obese, and morbidly obese groups. We hypothesized that there was no significant difference between MSA as measured by DASH compared with CT.A total of 109 patients were enrolled (mean age, 56 years; mean body mass index, 32.2 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]; and 67.0% women). The mean (SD) MSA measurements were similar between the modalities: DASH, 41.8 (67.5) cm2 and CT, 44.6 (78.4) cm2 (P = .82). The MSA measurements determined by DASH and CT were also similar for all groups when stratified by body mass index. There were 15 patients who had a hernia 10 cm or larger in transverse dimension. The mean body mass index of this group was 39.2, and the MSA measurements by DASH and CT were similar (P = .26).DASH can be used to objectively characterize hernias by MSA, with accuracy demonstrated in the obese population and in patients whose hernias were very large (≥10 cm in diameter). DASH offers the advantages of real-time imaging and no ionizing radiation and may obviate the need for the patient to schedule additional imaging appointments.
Presence of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Is Associated With Reduced Tissue Factor Activity
Authors: Noel M. Caplice, Cheryl S. Mueske, Laurel S. Kleppe, Robert D. Simari
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Plaque disruption and exposure of subendothelial procoagulants such as tissue factor (TF) to circulating factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa) lead to intravascular thrombosis. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous inhibitor of TF-induced coagulation that binds to factor Xa and the TF-FVIIa catalytic complex in a two-step process. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TFPI within human atherosclerotic plaque and its role in modulation of TF activity. Methods and Results —We measured the level of TFPI antigen in human carotid plaque and determined the relationship between TFPI and TF activity within plaque. Furthermore, we examined the biological activity and immunolocalization patterns of TFPI within carotid plaque. TFPI was detectable (TFPI+ group) in 22 of 34 specimens (mean±SEM, 404.4±91.8 pg/mg) and undetectable (TFPI− group) in 12 of 34 specimens. In the TFPI− group, normalized TF activity was significantly greater than that in the TFPI+ group (0.28±0.04 vs 0.14±0.02 U/pg, P =0.002). Furthermore, neutralization of TFPI activity using a polyclonal antibody resulted in an 8-fold increase in TF activity in the TFPI+ group ( P =0.001) but had no effect in the TFPI− group. Immunostaining for TFPI showed localization to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells within the fibrous cap region of the plaque, and macrophages within the shoulder region of the plaque. Conclusions —Taken together, these data suggest that biologically active TFPI is present within human atherosclerotic plaque and is associated with attenuated TF activity.
Effectiveness of Congesting Cuffs ("Rotating Tourniquets") in Patients with Left Heart Failure
Authors: PHILIP A. HABAK, ALLYN L. MARK, J. MICHAEL KIOSCHOS, DONALD R. MCRAVEN, FRANCOIS M. ABBOUD
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Congesting cuffs or "rotating tourniquets" are often used to treat patients with acute pulmonary edema secondary to left heart failure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of congesting cuffs in pooling blood in the extremities and decreasing pulmonary congesting pressures in patients with left heart failure and to define optimal congesting cuff pressures. Congesting cuffs on three extremities were inflated to 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm Hg in 16 patients with left heart failure and in 7 normal subjects. The extremities were elevated to collapse the veins before inflating the cuffs. The amount of venous pooling was measured with mercury-in-silastic strain gauge plethysmographs. Inflation of the cuffs produced significantly less venous pooling in patients with heart failure than in normal subjects. Decreases in right atrial pressure during inflation of the cuffs were also significantly less in the patients with heart failure than in the normal subjects. In patients with heart failure, pulmonary congesting pressure (left ventricular diastolic pressure or mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure) averaged 24.2 ± 1.5 ( se ) mm Hg in the control period and 24.6 ± 2.2, 22.9 ± 1.9, 23.2 ± 2.1 and 20.3 ± 1.6 mm Hg during inflation of the cuffs at 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm Hg, respectively. The decreases in pulmonary congesting pressure (PCP) were not significant ( P &gt; 0.05) at cuff pressures of 20, 40 and 60 mm Hg. Decreases in PCP were statistically significant at a cuff pressure of 80 mm Hg, but only 6 of 16 patients had decreases greater than 4 mm Hg. The results suggest that in patients with heart failure the effectiveness of congesting cuffs is limited by decreases in venous distensibility which are characteristic of heart failure.
Tumor Hypoxia Imaging
Authors: Inna Serganova, John Humm, Clifton Ling, Ronald Blasberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Rajendran et al. ([1][1]) have assessed the value of pretherapy fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, an indicator of tissue hypoxia, in predicting survival of 73 patients with head and neck cancers. In this study, the
Dietary Feeding of Dibenzoylmethane Inhibits Prostate Cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Model
Authors: Tin Oo Khor, Siwang Yu, Avanthika Barve, Xingpei Hao, Jin-Liern Hong, Wen Lin, Barbara Foster, Mou-Tuan Huang, Harold L. Newmark, Ah-Ng Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Dibenzoylmethane (DBM), a minor β-diketone constituent of licorice, has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic effects in prostate cancer cell lines by induction of cell cycle arrest and regulation of androgen receptor expression. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of DBM using TRAMP-C1 cell lines and TRAMP mice. DBM was found to arrest TRAMP-C1 cells at G2-M phase of cell cycle and suppressed phosphorylated retinoblastoma, cyclin D1, and cyclin A. Importantly, DBM was found to be equally effective in suppression of prostate tumor progression in TRAMP mice. At 8 or 12 weeks of age, mice were fed control or 1% DBM-supplemented diets until 24 weeks of age. Our results show that DBM-fed groups had a lower incidence of palpable tumor and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Subsequent mechanistic studies show that the expression of phosphorylated retinoblastoma, c-myc, cyclin D1, cyclin A, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated PDK-1, and phosphorylated S6 was significantly reduced by DBM. Our findings suggest that DBM blocks the growth and progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice via modulation of tumor cell cycle regulation and therefore merits its consideration for future clinical intervention of human prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(17):7096–102]
A clinical index: A new method to assess efficacy of allergen immunotherapy
Authors: S. M. McHugh, P. W. Ewan
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Assessment of efficacy in immunotherapy trials is difficult: a number of parameters can be measured; these may give conflicting results and it is not clear which best represents the clinical state. We therefore derived a Clinical Index (CI), by combining five individual parameters‐diary card symptom score, visual analogue symptom score, drug score, nasal challenge and skin prick test‐by rank analysis. The CI has been used to express the results in a trial of house dust mite ( D. pteronyssinus ) immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis, comparing two active treatments, Pharmalgen® and Allpyral®, with placebo. The derived index correlated well with all parameters measured. Correlations between the five individual parameters were variable: with the exception of the skin test, good correlations were seen, each parameter correlating with two or three of the others, but the visual analogue showed the closest association with other parameters. Results from a single parameter taken alone could be misleading, e.g. in the Allpyral group, nasal challenge improved significantly, but symptoms assessed either by visual analogue or diary card score did not. The CI showed significant improvement in the Pharmalgen group but not in the Allpyral group. The CI gave a more reliable measure of outcome than individual parameters.
Treatment of Snakebite
Authors: William E. Lockhart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Treatment of snakebite is controversial because there is no completely successful method. With conventional procedures, ie, tourniquet, excision, incision and suction, antivenin, and antibiotics, we have come to accept some permanent disability, especially if the hand is involved. Cryotherapy added to conventional methods can prevent most disability. Better antivenins are needed, more species-specific, and free of the disadvantages of horse serum.
Prospective population-based study on the survival of patients with lung cancer
Authors: R. Mäkitaro, P. Pääkko, E. Huhti, R. Bloigu, V.L. Kinnula
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change, over 20 yrs, in the survival of lung cancer patients in a population-based study. Information on all patients with lung cancer in a defined geographical area during 1990-1992 (n=602) was prospectively gathered. The survival of these patients was assessed and also compared with the results of a similar study in the same area during the years 1968-1971 (n=446). The 5-yr survival had improved during 20 yrs from 4% to 12%. The 5-yr survival of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma had increased from 6% to 16%, and adenocarcinoma from 4% to 19%, whereas the survival of small cell carcinoma had remained the same (2% and 3%, respectively). Even though the recent patients were older than those of the earlier series the proportion of surgically treated patients had remained the same (16% and 20%), but the 5-yr survival of patients who had been operated on had increased significantly from 23% to 48%. The differences in survival in the second cohort (1990-1992) between histological types (Chi-squared logrank=59.2), tumour, node, metastasis stages (Chi-squared logrank=199.6), symptomatic stages (Chi-squared logrank=120, p<0.001) and treatment (Chi-squared logrank=277) were significant. Based on this study the independent prognostic factors for better survival of lung cancer patients are tumour, node, metastasis stages I and II, surgical treatment and Feinstein's symptomatic stages I and II.
Recurrent Lymphangiomyomatosis after Transplantation
Authors: Magdalena Karbowniczek, Aristotelis Astrinidis, Binaifer R. Balsara, Joseph R. Testa, James H. Lium, Thomas V. Colby, Francis X. McCormack, Elizabeth Petri Henske
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells and cystic degeneration of the lung. LAM affects almost exclusively young women. Although lung transplantation provides effective therapy for end-stage LAM, there are reports of LAM recurrence after lung transplantation. Whether these recurrent LAM cells arise from the patient or the lung transplant donor is an area of controversy. We used microsatellite marker fingerprinting and TSC2 gene mutational analysis to study a patient with recurrent LAM after single-lung transplantation. The DNA microsatellite marker pattern indicated the presence of patient-derived LAM cells in the allograft. A somatic one base pair deletion in exon 18 of the TSC2 gene was identified in pulmonary and lymph node LAM cells before transplantation. The same mutation was in the recurrent LAM, demonstrating that the recurrent LAM was derived from the patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that cells immunoreactive with the monoclonal antibody HMB-45 did not contain a Y chromosome. These data indicate that histologically benign LAM cells can migrate or metastasize in vivo to the transplanted lung. In addition, the patient had no evidence of a renal angiomyolipoma at autopsy and therefore demonstrated for the first time that somatic TSC2 mutations cause LAM in patients without angiomyolipomas.
Letter: Safer cigarettes.
Authors: M A Russell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

41an acute admitting hospital is selom far away.But in the coming years of financial stringency the population must dhoose be- tween this luxury of convenience and rather opt for a streamlined, rationalized, and efficient service.For example, for every 5 acute hospitals at present open 24 hours a day, in the future one ihospital only in that district should be adequately staffed and equipped to deal with all emergencies.At present ithere is great variation in work load between hospitals of comparable staffing and beds.Such a scheme would give junior staff no less exnperience but a more concentrated training and indeed would assist in reducing the present very long periods of post- graduate medical training which have long