tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway neutrophil inflammation in nonasthmatic patients with food allergy
Authors: B. Wallaert, P. Gosset, C. Lamblin, G. Garcia, T. Perez, A. B. Tonnel
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Patients with food allergy (FA) have been recently shown to develop bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), despite the absence of any concomitant asthmatic manifestation. In order to explain this observation, we sought to examine the presence of a bronchial inflammation in induced sputum of nonasthmatic patients with FA. Methods: Twelve nonasthmatic patients with FA (urticaria, digestive symptoms, anaphylaxis) were included in the study. Results were compared to these obtained from eight asthmatic patients without food allergy and eight healthy controls. Diagnosis of FA was based on double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge. Sputum cells and fluid‐phase eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were measured in induced sputum. BHR was evaluated using methacholine inhalation. Results: Sputum from asthmatics, in comparison with the sputum of healthy subjects and patients with FA contained a higher proportion of eosinophils and higher levels of ECP (&lt; 0.001). In marked contrast, patients with FA exhibited an increased proportion of neutrophils and IL‐8 in comparison with asthmatics and controls ( P &lt; 0.05 for neutrophils and P &lt; 0.001 for IL‐8). There was a significant correlation between sputum neutrophils and IL‐8 ( r = 0.68, P &lt; 0.001). MPO levels were not different between the groups. There was a trend toward higher levels of IL‐8 and ECP in food allergic patients with BHR in comparison with patients with FA without BHR. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that a subclinical neutrophil airway inflammation is present in patients with food allergy free of clinical respiratory symptoms and that IL‐8 may be an important mediator of this neutrophilia.
Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on active and passive transport in the human jejunum.
Authors: G R Davis, C A Santa Ana, S G Morawski, J S Fordtran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on normal transport mechanisms in the human jejunum in vivo was examined with the triple-lumen, steady-state perfusion technique. By using special test solutions that revealed different aspects of jejunal transport, we were able to evaluate the effect of VIP on specific transport processes, such as active bicarbonate absorption, active chloride secretion, and passive absorption or secretion of sodium chloride. At an infusion rate of 200 pmol/kg per h, VIP inhibited active bicarbonate absorption by approximately 42%, stimulated active chloride secretion to a slight extent, and slightly reduced passive sodium chloride absorption. A larger dose of VIP, 400 pmol/kg per h, had essentially the same effect on active bicarbonate absorption and active chloride secretion, but it markedly depressed passive sodium chloride absorption and also inhibited passive secretion induced by mannitol. VIP reduced the lumen-to-plasma unidirectional sodium and chloride flux rates, while the plasma-to-lumen flux rates were decreased to a lesser extent or remained unchanged. The potential difference became more lumen-negative with VIP, but the sodium diffusion and glucose-stimulated potential were not affected. We conclude that the major effect of VIP in the human jejunum is to decrease the normal absorption of water and electrolytes--not only active bicarbonate-mediated absorption, but also the passive absorption in response to osmotic forces generated by active or facilitated absorptive processes. Although an increase in chloride secretion does occur, this does not appear to be of major importance.
A case of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with a newly found missense mutation and polymorphism in the highly conserved helix termination motif among type I keratins, which was previously reported as a pathogenic missense mutation
Authors: N. Hattori, M. Komine, T. Kaneko, K. Shimazu, Y. Tsunemi, M. Koizumi, J. Goto, T. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: None declared. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a hereditary skin bullous disease caused by mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5) or keratin 14 (KRT14) genes. We report a case of EBS with two mutations, both of which were on the reported pathogenic loci.1, 2 One was revealed to be a polymorphism, and the other was considered pathogenic. An 11‐year‐old Japanese girl visited our department in July 2004. She had been suffering from blistering on her feet and body that repeatedly appeared as having been rubbed with shoes, underwear or adhesive tape during the summer since the age of 6 months. These blisters disappeared without any scarring in winter. She was otherwise healthy, and no‐one in her family had a similar complaint. She and her family hoped for a detailed examination of her disease. On physical examination, there were some blisters on her soles and waist (Fig. 1). A skin biopsy was taken from a blister on her waist. The histopathological examination showed subepidermal and intraepidermal bullae with degeneration of the basal and suprabasal cells, mild eosinophilic infiltration in the bullae, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the upper dermis. Electron microscopic examination of the sample revealed cytolysis and the degeneration of epidermal cells. We diagnosed this case as EBS (Koebner type) (EBS‐K) and performed DNA analysis after informed consent from her and her family. We extracted genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of the proband, her parents and brother, amplified all exons of KRT5 and KRT14 genes by polymerase chain reaction, and analysed the sequence by direct sequencing according to the reported method.3
A1-03: Rethinking prognostic factors in the era of combined modality therapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (LA-NSCLC): a retrospective analysis of RTOG Protocols 9410 and 9801
Authors: Corey J. Langer, Rebecca Paulus, Walter Curran, Benjamin Movsas, Maria Werner-Wasik, Ritsuko Komaki, Jin Soo Lee, Hak Choy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
A Family with Complete Resistance to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Marco Bonomi, Marta Busnelli, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Daniela Costanzo, Francesco Antonica, Claudia Dolci, Alba Pilotta, Fabio Buzi, Luca Persani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: We report on a family with recessive resistance to the action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) due to a nonsense homozygous mutation in the TRH receptor (TRHR) gene (p.R17X). W...
Rheology of Sickle Cells and the Microcirculation
Authors: Shu Chien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN homozygous sickle-cell disease, deoxygenation of red cells causes the polymerization of hemoglobin S and transformation of the intracellular fluid into a viscoelastic gel. This process is most prominent in particularly dense red cells that have a high concentration of hemoglobin S. The membrane of these dense red cells also has elevated viscoelastic moduli,1 , 2 probably as a result of mechanical stresses exerted during sickle–unsickle cycles. Therefore, the densest cells are most rigid and have the greatest effect on resistance3 in blood flow through the microcirculation. Studies of the retina of patients with sickle-cell disease4 and the microcirculation of animals receiving . . .
Childbed Fever—A Continuing Entity
Authors: John Figgis Jewell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A serious epidemic of puerperal sepsis in May 1965, without any evident breach of technique or good practice, was traced by modern bacteriologic methods for the first time to a single reservoir and the probable source of the infection. In the decade from 1935 to 1945, safety in childbirth gained a new horizon with the introduction of antimicrobial drugs. For this and other reasons, the resulting decrease in maternal mortality has conjured up the illusion both within the profession and out of it, that childbirth no longer entails appreciable risk to mother or fetus. The fear of infecting a parturient by cross-contamination, once considered the most likely source of puerperal fever epidemics, has evidently disappeared in the minds of many physicians and some hospital and health officials. This is reflected in the mixing of so-called "clean gynecologic" and obstetric patients on the same hospital floor. Such practice is predicated mainly
Human Infection with Pasteurella septica
Authors: R. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1944)

A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC MEDICBALOURNAL 725 contacts isolated. (4) No draft:ng of naval personnel, other than direct contacts, was stopped provided they had been vaccinated and showed good scars.Course of the Epidemic By March 2 (thirty-six days after the first case had occurred in the Navy) there had been six naval cases; of these, three showed no scars indicative of previous successful vaccination, and a fourth had only a very small scar.It was decided, there- fore, that the scheme was not working satisfactorily because all personnel were still not vaccinated, and that more drastic steps must be taken to obtain 100°o immunity.Consequently, all leave to and from the base was stopped, and liberty-men were not allowed ashore unless in possession of documentary evidence of vaccination within the past tWo years.These restrictions, especially the formner, had the desired effect of making all naval personnel, and particularly officers, smallpox-conscious and vaccination-minded.From this date onwards there was a noticeable increase in the numbers pre- senting themselves for vaccination, and the epidemic in the Navy rapidly subsided.It was possible to raise the ban on leave by March 12. Conclusions
Public Health Measures to Control the Spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome during the Outbreak in Toronto
Authors: Tomislav Svoboda, Bonnie Henry, Leslie Shulman, Erin Kennedy, Elizabeth Rea, Wil Ng, Tamara Wallington, Barbara Yaffe, Effie Gournis, Elisa Vicencio, Sheela Basrur, Richard H Glazier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Toronto was the site of North America's largest outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). An understanding of the patterns of transmission and the effects on public health in relation to control measures that were taken will help health officials prepare for any future outbreaks.We analyzed SARS case, quarantine, and hotline records in relation to control measures. The two phases of the outbreak were compared.Toronto Public Health investigated 2132 potential cases of SARS, identified 23,103 contacts of SARS patients as requiring quarantine, and logged 316,615 calls on its SARS hotline. In Toronto, 225 residents met the case definition of SARS, and all but 3 travel-related cases were linked to the index patient, from Hong Kong. SARS spread to 11 (58 percent) of Toronto's acute care hospitals. Unrecognized SARS among in-patients with underlying illness caused a resurgence, or a second phase, of the outbreak, which was finally controlled through active surveillance of hospitalized patients. In response to the control measures of Toronto Public Health, the number of persons who were exposed to SARS in nonhospital and nonhousehold settings dropped from 20 (13 percent) before the control measures were instituted (phase 1) to 0 afterward (phase 2). The number of patients who were exposed while in a hospital ward rose from 25 (17 percent) in phase 1 to 68 (88 percent) in phase 2, and the number exposed while in the intensive care unit dropped from 13 (9 percent) in phase 1 to 0 in phase 2. Community spread (the length of the chains of transmission outside of hospital settings) was significantly reduced in phase 2 of the outbreak (P<0.001).The transmission of SARS in Toronto was limited primarily to hospitals and to households that had had contact with patients. For every case of SARS, health authorities should expect to quarantine up to 100 contacts of the patients and to investigate 8 possible cases. During an outbreak, active in-hospital surveillance for SARS-like illnesses and heightened infection-control measures are essential.
Metabolic cost of the stimulated beating of isolated adult rat heart cells in suspension.
Authors: R A Haworth, D R Hunter, H A Berkoff, R L Moss
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Heart cells from adult rats were induced to beat in suspension by electric field stimulation. We have gained evidence that all the rod-shaped cells in suspension were indeed beating, and that the beat had dynamic characteristics similar to those of intact heart muscle contracting under zero load. The cells were undamaged in the process, as judged by maintenance of ATP levels, morphology, and ability to beat. In gaining such evidence, we also measured the metabolic cost to the cells of beating under zero load. In cells with oxidative phosphorylation inhibited by rotenone plus oligomycin (termed anaerobic), the rate of beat-dependent lactate production suggested an equivalent rate of ATP utilization of 0.126 +/- 0.013 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (plus isoproterenol), and 0.058 +/- 0.005 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (minus isoproterenol). In respiring cells, the rate of beat-dependent oligomycin-sensitive oxygen consumption gave an equivalent rate of ATP utilization of 0.198 +/- 0.009 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (plus isoproterenol), and 0.126 +/- 0.013 nmol ATP/beat per mg protein (minus isoproterenol). The cells beat with the same approximate maximum velocity whether isoproterenol was present or not. We calculate that--in the case of anaerobic cells without isoproterenol--this rate of ATP utilization can account for only about a 15% degree of activation of the contractile proteins. In addition, we have found an oligomycin-insensitive beat-dependent mitochondrial respiration of 0.023 +/- 0.006 nanoatom O/beat per mg. The cause of this respiration is not known. The total rate of oxygen consumption of cells and also the rate per beat was comparable to that measured in nonworking whole hearts.
Fully embodying the personal level
Authors: Francisco J. Varela, Pierre Vermersch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The target article concludes that it is essential to introduce the personal level in cognitive science. We propose to take this conclusion one step further. The personal level should consist of first-person accounts of specific, contextualized experiences, not abstract or imagined cases. Exploring first-person accounts at their own level of detail calls for the refinements of method that can link up with neural accounts.
Recent Advances in Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Hannah A. Valantine, John S. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The first decade of orthotopic heart transplantation featured the perfection of the surgical techniques, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and the introduction of endomyocardial biopsy. Improved survival rates of 85 percent and 70 percent after one and five years, respectively, during the second decade of transplantation were directly attributable to cyclosporine, which reduced mortality from infectious complications. Despite this progress, rejection and infection remain the most important predictors of mortality during the first year after transplantation, and accelerated coronary artery disease is the chief impediment to long-term survival.1 Two socioeconomic matters — limited supplies of organs and costs — are . . .
Tendinitis: its etiology and treatment.: William D Stanish, Sandra Curwin and Scott Mandell. (Pp 140; pound34.95) Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0 19 263582 2.
Authors: B Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

I must say that I liked this book. In a most logical and readable fashion it set about what can be a rather dour, but yet most clinically important topic. Opening chapters on the normal tendon and the etiology of tendinitis were followed by more …
EXAMINATION OF THE ACUTENESS OF VISION, COLOR PERCEPTION AND HEARING OF RAILWAY EMPLOYEES.
Authors: CHARLES H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

It is very essential that men engaged in the movement of railway trains, and in the quick reading of signals, by day and by night, should have such acuteness of vision as will enable them to correctly read the signals in use at the necessary distance; such perception of color that they will not, under any of the varying conditions of service, mistake a red signal for a green, or vice versa; and good hearing. On the head end of a train it is important that these essentials should be found in even a higher degree than will suffice for the safe performance of duty in other branches of the service, and the question arises, what are the standards that should be required for the different branches of the service, and what are the best and fairest methods of examining men to make sure they come up to these standards.
Effect of an immune-enhancing diet on lymphocyte in head-injured rats: What is the role of arginine?
Authors: Djamel Hamani, Christine Charrueau, Marie-José Butel, Valérie Besson, Linda Belabed, Ioannis Nicolis, Servane Le Plénier, Catherine Marchand-Leromp, Jean-Claude Chaumeil, Luc Cynober, Christophe Moinard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: a study of the long-term clinical course of recurrent pyogenic infections and the effects of etretinate treatment
Authors: R. BERGMAN, R. FRIEDMAN-BIRNBAUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

A family with a clinical variant of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), associated with recurrent pyogenic infections, has been followed up for more than 20 years. Of the five living siblings, four were treated with etretinate for a period of at least 21 consecutive months. Clinical follow-up showed that the course of recurrent infections in susceptible PLS patients, although usually more severe in childhood, can be variable and unpredictable. The etretinate therapy resulted in marked improvement of the keratodermas, and was associated with complete remission of the pyodermas on both keratotic and non-keratotic skin. It is, therefore, suggested that etretinate may have a primary role in the prevention of recurrent pyogenic infections in susceptible PLS patients.
Possible Problem With Optipen Pro-1
Authors: Damla Goksen, Sukran Darcan, Muammer Buyukinan, Emine Kurt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Insulin glargine is a modified basal insulin analog that has been recently introduced and is now available worldwide. Insulin glargine is available in 3-ml cartridges that can be used with the OptiPen Pro-1 (Sanofi-Aventis). The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA; executive agency of the Department of Health in the U.K., which enhances and safeguards the health of the public by ensuring the effectiveness of medicines and medical devices) has received a significant number of reports concerning difficulties in the operation and use of the OptiPen Pro-1 insulin pen injection system. …
Three-dimensional DEM–CFD analysis of air-flow-induced detachment of API particles from carrier particles in dry powder inhalers
Authors: Jiecheng Yang, Chuan-Yu Wu, Michael Adams
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Air flow and particle-particle/wall impacts are considered as two primary dispersion mechanisms for dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Hence, an understanding of these mechanisms is critical for the development of DPIs. In this study, a coupled DEM-CFD (discrete element method-computational fluid dynamics) is employed to investigate the influence of air flow on the dispersion performance of the carrier-based DPI formulations. A carrier-based agglomerate is initially formed and then dispersed in a uniformed air flow. It is found that air flow can drag API particles away from the carrier and those in the downstream air flow regions are prone to be dispersed. Furthermore, the influence of the air velocity and work of adhesion are also examined. It is shown that the dispersion number (i.e., the number of API particles detached from the carrier) increases with increasing air velocity, and decreases with increasing the work of adhesion, indicating that the DPI performance is controlled by the balance of the removal and adhesive forces. It is also shown that the cumulative Weibull distribution function can be used to describe the DPI performance, which is governed by the ratio of the fluid drag force to the pull-off force.
The adapter protein Grb10 associates preferentially with the insulin receptor as compared with the IGF-I receptor in mouse fibroblasts.
Authors: L Laviola, F Giorgino, J C Chow, J A Baquero, H Hansen, J Ooi, J Zhu, H Riedel, R J Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To identify receptor-associated proteins that may contribute to the specificity of insulin and IGF-I signaling responses, a mouse embryo library was screened using the yeast two-hybrid system. Multiple receptor-interactive clones encoding the SH2 domain of the adapter protein Grb10 were isolated. Subsequent cloning of the full-length Grb10 sequence from a mouse fat cDNA library defined a previously unknown Grb10 variant, that appears to be the predominant isoform in mouse tissues. Receptor-deficient R- cells (fibroblasts from mice with homologous disruption of the IGF-I receptor gene) and transfected R- cells expressing either insulin receptors (R-IR cells) or IGF-I receptors (R+ cells) were used to investigate the specificity of Grb10 interaction with the two related receptors. Hormone-activated insulin receptors in R-IR cells coprecipitated with three species, all recognized as Grb10 isoforms by specific Grb10 antibody. Under the same conditions, Grb10 was essentially undetectable in IGF-I receptor immunoprecipitates from stimulated R+ cells. Grb10 association with insulin receptors was maximal at 10 nM insulin stimulation and sustained from 5-10 min after hormone stimulation in R-IR cells. In conclusion, Grb10 interacts preferentially with insulin vs. IGF-I receptors in intact cells and, thus, may have a role in mediating insulin receptor-specific cellular responses.
“Best of five” questions
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Who led the rebel forces at the battle of Evesham?

1.  : Gilbert the Red

2.  : John Baliol

3.  : Simon de Montfort

4.  : Wat Tyler

5.  : Jack Cade

This is a “best of five” question—a question with five possible answers, only one of which is correct. The other …
Paneth cell function - Implications in pediatric Crohn disease
Authors: Julia Beisner, Eduard F. Stange, Jan Wehkamp
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

AbstractDefects in the intestinal barrier play a central role in disease pathogenesis. Recently we have demonstrated that children with ileal Crohn´s disease show a reduced expression of small intestinal HD-5 at the age of onset suggesting that a compromised mucosal barrier function might be a key factor in the early disease pathogenesis. We also identified a disturbance of the Wnt signaling transcription factor TCF-4 as a major mechanism for this deficiency in children which might result in a compromised innate immune function of small intestinal Paneth cells via defensin secretion. Here we provide a summary on our recent findings and discuss the data in more detail especially focusing on the role of Paneth cell differentiation and function in the pathogenesis of pediatric ileal Crohn’s disease.This article is related to: