tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early targets of lithium in rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct include p38 and ERK1/2
Authors: Francesco Trepiccione, Trairak Pisitkun, Jason D. Hoffert, Søren B. Poulsen, Giovambattista Capasso, Søren Nielsen, Mark A. Knepper, Robert A. Fenton, Birgitte M. Christensen
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Bioelectrical and mechanical effects of tiapamil (Ro 11-1781) on isolated guinea pig myocardium
Authors: F. SPAH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

In isolated electrically stimulated guinea pig papillary muscles tiapamil exerts a negative inotropic action that corresponds to its presumptive inhibitory effects on the slow-channel-mediated transmembrane Ca2+ influx. However, contractile depression is always accompanied by marked alterations of the normal Na+-carried action potential. Thus Na+-dependent upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax) declines while the length of the plateau phase increases. These observations indicate that tiapamil, besides inhibiting Ca2+ inflow, also interferes with the fast inward Na+ current and possibly also reduces the repolarising K+ efflux. After partial depolarisation with a K+-rich tyrode solution (19 mmol X litre-1 K+). tiapamil lowers the Ca2+-dependent contractile force as it reduces the bioelectric parameters (upstroke velocity, amplitude, duration) of the Ca2+-mediated action potentials. Moreover, in partially depolarised myocardium, the Mg2+-induced bioelectric membrane activity is suppressed by tiapamil. Tiapamil probably operates as an agent with mixed Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-antagonistic effects and, in this respect, differs considerably from the more specific Ca2+ antagonists such as verapamil, D 600 (gallopamil), nifedipine (and other 1,4-dihydropyridines) or diltiazem. However, tiapamil by virtue of its combined damping actions on both transmembrane Na+ and Ca2+ conductivities (together with prolongation of the action potential plateau), is a drug which exerts, simultaneously, the fundamental myocardial membrane effects of antiarrhythmic agents of group I, III and IV, according to the classification of Singh and Vaughan Williams. Thus these bioelectrical observations are in accordance with the results of clinical studies on tiapamil, which have demonstrated directly its antiarrhythmic efficacy.
Selected new developments in computational chemistry.
Authors: T A Darden, L Bartolotti, L G Pedersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Molecular dynamics is a general technique for simulating the time-dependent properties of molecules and their environments. Quantum mechanics, as applied to molecules or clusters of molecules, provides a prescription for predicting properties exactly (in principle). It is reasonable to expect that both will have a profound effect on our understanding of environmental chemistry in the future. In this review, we consider several recent advances and applications in computational chemistry.
Increased Risk of Fibrosing Alveolitis Associated with Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: MOIRA WHYTE, RICHARD HUBBARD, RICCARDO MELICONI, MICHELLE WHIDBORNE, VANESSA EATON, COLIN BINGLE, JANINE TIMMS, GORDON DUFF, ANDREA FACCHINI, ANGELA PACILLI, MARIO FABBRI, IAN HALL, JOHN BRITTON, IAN JOHNSTON, FRANCESCO DI GIOVINE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Fibrosing alveolitis (FA) is characterized by persistent inflammation and elevated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β ), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in the lung. Single base variations at position + 2018 in the IL-1ra gene (IL-1RN) and position -308 in the TNF- α gene (TNF-A) are overrepresented in other chronic inflammatory disease populations. We have tested the hypothesis that predisposition to FA may also be influenced by these polymorphisms by genotyping 88 cases and matched controls from England and 61 cases and 103 unmatched controls from Italy. The rarer allele for IL-1RN and TNF-A was designated allele 2 in each case. For IL-1RN allele 2, in the English group, the relative odds of FA were increased in homozygous subjects by an odds ratio (OR) of 10.2 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.26 to 81.4; p = 0.03) and for carriers by an OR of 1.85 (95% CI, 0.94 to 3.63; p = 0.075). In the Italian population, the risk of FA was increased, in IL-1RN allele 2 homozygotes (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 0.68 to 9.50; p = 0.2) and in carriers (OR 2.40; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.60; p = 0.008). Carriage of TNF-A allele 2 was also associated with increased risk of FA in the English (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.94 to 3.63; p = 0.075) and Italian (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.47; p = 0.022) populations. These data suggest IL-1RN ( + 2018) allele 2 and TNF-A (-308) allele 2 confer increased risk of developing FA and, therefore, that unopposed IL-1 β and/or excessive TNF- α may play a pathophysiologic role in this condition.
Fine-Needle Aspiration of Peritumoral Lymph Nodes in Esophageal Cancer with Endobronchial Ultrasound
Authors: K. Noh, M. Wallace, J. Pascual, H. Wolfsen, M. Raimondo, T. Woodward
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 70-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for dysphagia and weight loss. Two islands of abnormal mucosa 22 cm from the incisors were biopsied and found to consist of squamous-cell carcinoma. Four-quadrant biopsies demonstrated severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ throughout the esophagus. The endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination did not reveal a discrete mass. In the mediastinum, 22 cm from the incisors, a diffusely hypoechoic round periesophageal lymph node with sharp margins, 5.2 mm in size, was identified (Figure [1]). This was positioned in the area adjacent to the previously documented patch of carcinoma. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was not carried out due to concern regarding contamination from the needle as it traversed the cancerous mucosa. Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) was therefore used to sample the suspicious lymph node (Figure [2]). With ultrasound guidance using the EBUS scope, the periesophageal lymph node was identified and sampled, and the cytology findings showed that it was negative for malignancy. The patient underwent a transhiatal esophagectomy. The final pathological assessment revealed severe dysplasia or squamous-cell carcinoma in situ in the esophagus. The periesophageal and perigastric lymph nodes were free of tumor.
Delirium: everyone's psychosis
Authors: M. Bowker
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I had been feeling jaded and mildly unwell but had attributed this largely to a normal reaction to the reforms in the NHS. Fairly acutely this psychosomatic explanation became less convincing. An abdominal appendix abscess was identified, leading to an immediate laparotomy and then tertiary referral as peritonitis developed with respiratory distress. There was further surgery, renal failure, and a continuing inability to sustain normal respiration.

While being ventilated in the intensive care unit, I do not recall sleeping or waking, except once when it seemed that I had opened my eyes after a nightmare and consciously tried to disengage from the dream, only to find that the dream and reality were identical. I had entered an oneroid state in which there were frightening delusional and hallucinatory experiences of a dramatic and fantastic kind. These incorporated uncomfortable personal existential truths, contemporary themes of serial killing, my recent correspondence with the editor of the BMJ, Satanism, and cruel fundamentalism, in which I, as an accused, would suffer horribly.

Although protesting my (real) innocence to declared crimes, seeds of doubt developed in the isolation of my delusions, and passive acceptance of my fate and even culpability became conceivable.

I was sure that my life was threatened in the most unpleasant way—reflecting Orwell's chilling concept of room 101 in his novel 1984* …
Levamisole-associated neutropenia and autoimmune granulocytotoxins.
Authors: S.I Drew, B.M Carter, D.S Nathanson, P.I Terasaki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

To investigate possible immune mechanisms responsible for levamisole-associated neutropenia we tested patients with bladder cancer on levamisole therapy. Autoimmune and complement-dependent granulocytotoxic antibodies were detected in 3 patients with levamisole-induced neutropenia. The granulocytopenia appeared to be causally related to the presence of autoantibodies in that pretreatment serum or serum obtained after the restoration of neutrophil counts showed diminished or no granulocytotoxic reactivity. In addition, granulocytotoxins were found in 6 out of 20 (30%) patients receiving levamisole compared to only 2 out of 28 (7.1%) patients on no levamisole or placebo (P less than 0.06). Hence, screening for granulocytotoxins may forewarn of neutropenia in patients receiving levamisole for a variety of clinical diseases.
A long term study comparing the safety (including growth) and efficacy of fluticasone propionate 100mcg bd with sodium cromoglycate 5mg qds in asthmatic children aged 12–47 months
Authors: Hans Bisgaard, David B Allen, Janusz Milanowski, Iiia Kalev, Patricia Davies, Lisa Willits
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Miscellanea: A health hazard
Authors: R. Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1982)

found decorative rather than useful.One is put in mind of the costly and over-elaborate hi-fi consoles and cameras of today, which seem to reveal more of the aspirations of the owner than anything else.So it is fitting that we should rehabilitate the reputation of the simple microscope.Through its diminutive lens were discovered the nucleus, bacteria, and a host of cellular structures that had widespread effects on the progress of medicine and biology.We owe it respect; and it might prove to be a useful ally for student use in the increasingly cost-effective era into which we are moving.
An Outbreak of Parainfluenza 2 (Croup-Associated) Virus Infection
Authors: Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

An outbreak of parainfluenza 2 (croup-associated) virus infection occurred during the spring of 1960 among a group of homeless but otherwise normal children who ranged in age from 6 to 53 mo. The outbreak was not recognized clinically but rather as a result of testing throat-swab specimens collected routinely three times weekly from all children whether ill or well. Ten of 15 children from whom parainfluenza 2 virus was isolated developed an acute undifferentiated febrile illness (with rectal temperatures of 38.1 C [100.6 F] or greater) at the time of initial infection. The association was such as to leave little doubt that it represented an etiologic relationship. Only one of the children infected with parainfluenza 2 virus developed croup, the syndrome from which the virus originally derived its name.
Avoidable referrals? Analysis of 170 consecutive referrals to secondary care
Authors: G J Elwyn, N C H Stott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To determine appropriateness of referrals from primary care to secondary care.Retrospective evaluation of appropriateness of referrals from a single-handed general practice: evaluations carried out independently by referring doctor and by second general practitioner who worked in same area and had access to similar secondary care services.168 referrals made between 1 October 1990 and 31 March 1991 and followed up for up to 12 months by matching with available information on outcome of episode of care.Appropriateness of referral and reasons for inappropriate referrals.110 referrals were agreed to be appropriate and 58 were considered avoidable. The reason for 32 of the inappropriate referrals was lack of resources: 10 were due to lack of information (mainly failure of hospitals to pass on information to general practitioner), nine were due to a deficient primary health care team; five were due to insufficient use of home care nurses, three were due to absence of direct access to day hospital, and five were due to lack of access to general practitioner beds or other facilities. Most of the remaining 26 avoidable referrals were because available resources had not been fully used, because recognised management plans had not been followed, or because of lack of skills to perform certain procedures.Many theoretically avoidable referrals were due to managers' and politicians' decisions about allocation of resources, but some inappropriate referrals could be avoided by assessment of general practitioners' needs for further knowledge and skills.
ISOLATION OF GRANULES FROM EOSINOPHIL LEUCOCYTES AND STUDY OF THEIR ENZYME CONTENT
Authors: Gordon T. Archer, James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Eosinophils were separated from other types of cells in horse blood or rat peritoneal fluid by centrifugation in concentrated albumin solutions. Eosinophils did not appear to be damaged by this separation procedure. A technique was also devised for isolation of cytoplasmic granules from eosinophils, thus allowing studies on enzyme content of the granules. Granules from both horse and rat eosinophils contained a number of hydrolytic enzymes, similar in variety and in concentration to those previously found in granules of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Eosinophil granules differed from those of the rabbit granulocyte in their high content of peroxidase and the absence of lysozyme and phagocytin. On disruption of eosinophil granules by repeated freezing and thawing in saline, cathepsin, ribonuclease, arylsulfatase and beta glucuronidase were released into solution, but phosphatases were partially and peroxidase completely bound to the insoluble granule residue. Peroxidase could be extracted from the granule residue with weak acid. Eosinophil granules thus are lysosome-like structures.
Selection of Patients for Portal-Systemic Shunts
Authors: Robert E. Hermann
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The proper selection of patients for portal-systemic shunts is essential for maximum survival and benefit to be achieved. The factors associated with increased mortality in 76 shunt procedures during the last 17 years at the Cleveland Clinic are poor hepatic function, urgent surgery, increasing age of the patient, and certain pathological types of cirrhosis. The type of shunt performed has not clearly influenced survival. The overall operative (30 days) mortality has been 26%; the five-year survival rate is 45%. The major cause of death after portalsystemic shunt is progressive hepatic failure. In a selected group of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and good hepatic function, who were less than 55 years of age, in whom elective portacaval shunt was performed, the operative (30 days) mortality was 12%.
Abnormalities in Cultured Muscle and Peripheral Nerve of a Patient with Adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Valerie Askanas, Jack McLaughlin, W. King Engel, Bruce T. Adornato
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY is a sex-linked recessive disease of childhood characterized by diffuse abnormality of cerebral white matter and adrenal atrophy.1 A syndrome of spastic paraparesis and hypoadrenalism has been recently described as adrenomyeloneuropathy and considered to be a clinically and genetically distinct variant of adrenoleukodystrophy.2 , 3 Biochemical studies of cerebral white matter obtained at autopsy from one person with adrenomyeloneuropathy showed increased amounts of very-long-chain fatty acids,3 a finding previously described as unique in adrenoleukodystrophy.4 We now report biochemical and morphologic abnormalities in biopsied and cultured muscle and peripheral nerve from a patient with adrenomyeloneuropathy. The cultured muscle fibers showed amorphous osmiophilic . . .
1063 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-βl EXPOSURE INCREASED THE EXPRESSION OF CYTOKERATIN 19 AND α-FETOPROTEIN IN HEPATIC OVAL CELLS DURING THE EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION PROCESS
Authors: P. Wang, T. Liu, M. Cong, H. Ma, J. Jia, H. You
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Dose adjustment in renal impairment: Response from <i>Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure</i>
Authors: George R Aronoff
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Vidal et al should be congratulated on the first scholarly, systematic review of secondary sources of prescribing information for patients with impaired renal function (p 263).1 That they found inconsistent and conflicting recommendations across multiple sources is not surprising. Their work underscores several problems with which we have struggled to compile our dosing recommendations in Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure .2

Early regulatory requirements did not include formal efficacy, safety, or pharmacokinetic studies for drugs in special populations, including patients with impaired kidney or liver function. Consequently, dosing recommendations for many older drugs are based on flimsy data, including sparse case reports, common usage, and …
A modification to facilitate end-to-side portacaval anastomosis in rats: Description of a modified technique
Authors: Fernando Sánchez-Patán, Raquel Anchuelo, María Ángeles Aller, Jaime Arias
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2007)

To describe a modified technique of end-to-side portacaval shunt in the rat in order to simplify this relevant microsurgical model of liver disease. A loop in the distal end of the suture makes it easier both, the beginning and the end, of the portacaval anastomoses. This surgical innovation decreases the technical difficulty of the portacaval shunt in the rat without adding complications, like portal hypertension related to anastomoses stenosis or hemorrhage.
Incidence, Predictive Factors, and Prognostic Value of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Ignacio J. Amat-Santos, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Marina Urena, Robert DeLarochellière, Daniel Doyle, Rodrigo Bagur, Jacques Villeneuve, Mélanie Côté, Luis Nombela-Franco, François Philippon, Philippe Pibarot, Eric Dumont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Total Cholesterol and Death from Coronary Heart Disease in Older Persons
Authors: Maria-Chiara Corti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 February 1998Total Cholesterol and Death from Coronary Heart Disease in Older PersonsMaria-Chiara Corti, MD and Jack M. Guralnik, MDMaria-Chiara Corti, MDNational Institute on Aging; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author and Jack M. Guralnik, MDNational Institute on Aging; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We were not surprised to see that crude results significantly differ from the fully adjusted results. This was the main hypothesis of our study, and the demonstration of how the direction of the association changed after we considered both traditional risk factors for heart disease and indicators of poor health status is the principal finding. In observational studies, crude analyses can lead to incorrect conclusions in the presence of important confounding. As shown in Table 1 in our report, persons with the lowest cholesterol levels had a greater prevalence of several indicators of poor health and more cardiovascular ...References1. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994; 334:1383-9. Google Scholar2. Gaziano JM, Hebert PR, Hennekens CH. Cholesterol reduction, heart disease, and mortality [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 196:661. Google Scholar3. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, McFariane PW, et al. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1301-7. Google Scholar4. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau JL, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholestrol levels. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:1001-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maria-Chiara Corti, MD; Jack M. Guralnik, MDAffiliations: National Institute on Aging; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 3Page: 242-243KeywordsCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseDeath ratesHypercholesterolemiaLongitudinal studiesMedical risk factorsObservational studiesRelative riskRisk managementStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fever in returned travellers presenting in the United Kingdom: Recommendations for investigation and initial management
Authors: Victoria Johnston, Jane M. Stockley, David Dockrell, David Warrell, Robin Bailey, Geoffrey Pasvol, John Klein, Andrew Ustianowski, Michael Jones, Nicholas J. Beeching, Michael Brown, Ann L.N. Chapman, Frances Sanderson, Christopher J.M. Whitty
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Pathology of the Kidney
Authors: David B. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The third edition of<i>Pathology of the Kidney</i>has appeared nine years after the previous edition. In this period, there have been many advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the normal and diseased kidney, and Dr Heptinstall and his five coauthors have done an admirable job of integrating this new information with that of the previous edition. The three volumes of the new edition contain 1,695 pages, an increase of 514 pages. Previous chapters have been updated and expanded, and new chapters on hypertension and adverse effects of pharmacologic agents on the kidney have been added. The bibliography is extensive, comprehensive, and contemporary. The task of combining in one text general medical renal disease, experimental renal disease, and diagnostic renal biopsy specimen pathology is carried out admirably. The chapters by Gary S. Hill (lupus erythematosus and dysproteinemias), Kim Solez (acute renal failure), John M. Kissane (congenital
Half of over 75s in US are taking cholesterol lowering drugs, report says
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly half (48%) of all US adults aged 75 or older are taking cholesterol lowering drugs, says a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics.1 However, some professional groups have challenged the report’s conclusion that “there is extensive and consistent evidence supporting the use of cholesterol-lowering medication, especially statins, in addition to lifestyle changes, to treat lipid disorders and reduce atherosclerotic [cardiovascular disease] events.”

The report found that from 2003 to 2012 the proportion of adults …
P305 BLOCKADE OF PD1/TIM3 RESTORES FAVOURABLE IFNγ/IL10 IMMUNE AXIS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: L.J.L. Markwick, A. Riva, J.M. Ryan, H. Cooksley, T.H. Tranah, G.K. Manakkat Vijay, N. Vergis, M. Thursz, A. Evans, R. Williams, D.L. Shawcross, S. Chokshi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)