tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular energetics: heat production by the human heart
Authors: J T Stewart, I A Simpson, R E Smith, C Callicott, H H Gray, A J Camm
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to examine the effect of coronary artery disease on human left ventricular energetics by a comparison of left ventricular oxygen consumption and heat production. The usefulness of measurement of left ventricular heat production for the detection of the expected change in left ventricular energetics produced by atrial pacing to a faster heart rate was also assessed. Methods: Forty six patients (mean age 57 years; 31 men) undergoing cardiac catheterisation and coronary arteriography for the investigation of chest pain were studied. Normal left ventricular function and normal coronary arteries were present in eight and 38 had atheromatous coronary artery disease. Left ventricular heat production was calculated from coronary blood flow, the coronary arteriovenous (aorta-coronary sinus) temperature difference, and the areas under thermodilution curves recorded in the aorta and coronary sinus after injection of cold saline into the pulmonary artery. Mean external left ventricular power was calculated from mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. Left ventricular mechanical efficiency was derived from heat production and the energy value of myocardial oxygen use, assuming aerobic metabolism. In 27 patients studies were repeated during atrial pacing from the coronary sinus. Results: At rest under basal conditions left ventricular heat production was 2.4(SD 1.0) W in patients with normal hearts and 3.1(1.4) W in patients with coronary disease (NS). Mechanical efficiency was 44.2(9.7)% in the normal patients and 30.7(10.9)% in those with coronary disease (p=0.003). During atrial pacing to a faster heart rate left ventricular energy supply increased from 4.6(2.7) W to 5.9(3.3) W (p<0.0005), and heat production increased from 3.0(1.6) W to 4.6(2.4) W (p<0.0005), but mean external power was not altered. As the extra energy used during pacing was “wasted” as heat, there was a significant fall in left ventricular mechanical efficiency with pacing from 33.9(13.5)% to 18.9(15.2)% (p<0.0005). Conclusions: These results show the effect of coronary artery disease on the energetics of left ventricular function. They also show that the method and equipment can detect the expected alteration in left ventricular energetics produced by atrial pacing. The measurement of left ventricular heat production and oxygen consumption allows assessment of the total left ventricular energy flux, and may be useful for the evaluation of drug treatment with such as inotropes and vasodilators, and for the investigation of the functional consequences of left ventricular disease. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1024-1032
Interleukin 1 beta markedly stimulates nitric oxide formation in the absence of other cytokines or lipopolysaccharide in primary cultured rat hepatocytes but not in Kupffer cells
Authors: H Kitade
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To investigate whether a single inflammatory cytokine could stimulate nitric oxide formation in the absence of other cytokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NO was measured by the redox chemiluminescence method in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and in rat Kupffer cells. Interleukin (IL) 1 beta, but neither IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), nor LPS stimulated NO formation in a dose-dependent manner and induced half-maximal effects at 30 pmol/L. Maximal stimulation was achieved at 12 to 16 hours after the addition of 1 nmol/L of IL-1 beta, and was 50- to 60-fold above basal levels in rat hepatocytes. The combined effect of these cytokines with LPS or IFN-gamma on NO formation was also examined. Neither LPS nor IFN-gamma affected the IL-1 beta-induced NO formation. TNF-alpha, however, stimulated IL-1 beta-induced NO formation, while IL-6 inhibited it, although independently these cytokines had no effect on NO formation. None of the cytokines tested stimulated NO formation in cultured rat Kupffer cells. In hepatocytes, the NO formation induced by IL-l beta was blocked by both the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Furthermore, IL-1 beta markedly increased NOS activity, and this increase in activity was accompanied by the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA). This study clearly demonstrated that IL-1 beta markedly stimulates NO formation in hepatocytes, in the absence of other cytokines or LPS. (Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):797-802)
Impaction of a Penny in the Larynx for Six Years: Laryngoscopic Diagnosis and Successful Removal
Authors: J. Petrie
Journal: BMJ (1870)

always louder on inspiration, and very often heard only then.This point alone would be diagnostic between the two.What is this murmur?Has it any relation to the hremoptysis?If so, what?That it is an arterial murmur in some large vessel there can be no doubt; its character and the time of its occurrence admit of no other interpretation.Its situation is exactly over the left pzulmonary artery, Diagram of heart and great vessels, in situ, shewing their relations to the ribs, and the point (A), on the second left rib, at which the murmur was heard, immediately over the left pulmonary artery.
Aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 is inherited in both pediatric IgA nephropathy and Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors: Krzysztof Kiryluk, Zina Moldoveanu, John T. Sanders, T. Matthew Eison, Hitoshi Suzuki, Bruce A. Julian, Jan Novak, Ali G. Gharavi, Robert J. Wyatt
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Not for wimps
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

What can we expect in old age, assuming we are lucky enough to make it that far? We may hope for physical and mental well being, independence, fun, dignity, and a peaceful death, but what are the prospects?

Based on current trends, it's hard to say. There will be more of us, with proportionately fewer younger people to finance our longer lives. The expansion of private provision in health care (p 1172) raises fears that the old and chronically ill will be increasingly poorly served. And yet recent reports and initiatives suggest that new targets are improving outcomes and changing attitudes.

Jacqueline Morris …
Lactic acidosis and Fanconi's syndrome due to degraded tetracycline.
Authors: J Montoliu, M Carrera, A Darnell, L Revert
Journal: BMJ (1981)

complexes and low C3 concentrations have been shown in the past,'3 but only one other patient has been treated by plasma exchange.This patient also responded.4These reports suggest that in some patients with autoerythrocyte sensitisation there may be a specific immunological abnormality, but its exact nature and that of the myriad of psychological symptoms remain unexplained.Gardner FH, Diamond LK.Autoerythrocyte sensitisation.A form of purpura producing painful bruises following autosensitisation to red blood cells in certain women.
Prognostic Value of Body Mass Index in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Shaheenah Dawood, Kristine Broglio, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Shu-Wan Kau, Rabiul Islam, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Massimo Cristofanilli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the association and prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) at the time of initial diagnosis in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The analysis includes the subsets of inflammatory (IBC) and noninflammatory (non-IBC LABC) breast cancer. Experimental Design: We identified 602 patients who had LABC treated on prospective clinical trials. BMI was divided into three groups: (a) ≤24.9 (normal/underweight), (b) 25.0 to 29.9 (overweight), and (c) ≥30 (obese). Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazards were used to determine associations between survival and BMI and to test for an interaction between BMI and breast cancer type. Results: Eighty-two percent had non-IBC LABC and 18% had IBC. Obese patients tended to have a higher incidence of IBC compared with overweight and normal/underweight groups (P = 0.01). Median follow up was 6 years for all patients. Median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 8.8 and 5.9 years, respectively. Patients with LABC who were obese or overweight had a significantly worse OS and RFS (P = 0.001) and a higher incidence of visceral recurrence compared with normal/underweight patients. In a multivariable model, BMI remained significantly associated with both OS and RFS for the entire cohort. The interactions between BMI and LABC subsets and between BMI and menopausal status were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients with LABC and high BMI have a worse prognosis. Evaluation of the biological factors associated with this observation can provide tools for additional therapeutic interventions.
Diagnosis of Established Deep Vein Thrombosis with the 125I Fibrinogen Uptake Test
Authors: N. L. Browse, W. F. Clapham, D. N. Croft, D. J. Jones, M. L. Thomas, J. O. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

One hundred and two patients with clinical signs indicating a possible diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis were studied with the fibrinogen uptake test and phlebography to assess the reliability of the test as a means of diagnosing established venous thrombosis. The test gave a correct diagnosis in 78% of the 85 legs shown to contain thrombus by phlebography and only 19 (10%) false-negative results in the 195 legs examined. The duration of the symptoms, the administration of anticoagulants, and mild leg swelling did not affect the accuracy of the test. Very old thrombus, phlebographically more than 11 days old, was associated with an increased false-negative rate.The fibrinogen uptake test is accurate enough to make it a valuable method of clinical investigation.
Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An astonishingly satisfying instant book, Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine was printed within only four months after its content, a special symposium, was presented by the Royal College of Physicians to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the birth of William Harvey. Linking today's cardiology with its historical foundations, including not only William Harvey's epochal revelation but also the crucial new principles added during the fruitful four centuries since his time, 30 internationally distinguished scientists show the physical, chemical, anatomic, physiological, and metabolic foundations for the complicated, and expensive but rewarding modern cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy.  The book provides a broad overview without belaboring working details but unfortunately penetrates current cardiology somewhat unevenly as some have come to expect from multiauthored texts. Up-to-the-minute data are presented on the atrial receptors that promote urine flow, including information not yet in print elsewhere. On the other hand, the gross anatomy of the muscle bundles
Unilateral Leg Edema
Authors: Larry Kurz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to add a caveat to the recent article by Hawkins et al (1980;244:2640) on unilateral leg edema as a symptom of lymphoma. This is the kind of article that is seized on by modern house officers as an excuse for ordering an extensive workup (ie, gallium scan, bone scan, skeletal survey, venogram, and lymphangiogram) when it is not indicated. The most common cause of unilateral leg edema is any edema-forming state in the presence of underlying disease of the veins or lymphatic channels (ie, old fracture, old phlebitis, and old surgery). When the edema of any fluid overload state (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pregnancy, or long-standing diabetes mellitus with leaky vessels) is just beginning, it is not infrequently unilateral. Simple questioning about old disease in the extremity is usually all that is required to explain the unilaterality of the edema. While it
Drugs which alter nitric oxide homeostasis are unlikely to provide therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular disease
Authors: D C Lefroy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Drugs which alter nitric oxide homeostasis are unlikely to provide therapeutic benefit in cardiovascular disease Get access David C Lefroy David C Lefroy Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY: Dr D C Lefroy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Page 2105, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2105 Published: 01 December 1993
The Role of Medicaid in Ensuring Children's Access to Care
Authors: Paul W. Newacheck
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Congress enacted a series of laws beginning in the mid 1980s to expand Medicaid eligibility for children, especially those in poor families. As a result, Medicaid enrollment of children has nearly doubled over the past decade.To assess the effectiveness of Medicaid in improving access to and use of health services by poor children.Analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey. Poor children with Medicaid were compared to poor children without insurance and nonpoor children with private insurance.A total of 29711 children younger than 18 years (3716 poor children with Medicaid, 1329 poor children without insurance, 14609 nonpoor children with private insurance, and 10057 children with other combinations of poverty and insurance status) included in a nationally representative stratified probability sample of the US noninstitutionalized population.Usual source of care, access to a regular clinician, unmet health needs, and use of physician services.Poor children with Medicaid compared to poor children without health insurance experienced superior access across all measured dimensions of health care, including presence of a usual source of care (95.6% vs 73.8%), frequency of unmet health needs (2.1 % vs 5.9%), and use of medical services (eg, > or =1 physician contact in past year) (83.9% vs 60.7%). Poor children with Medicaid compared to nonpoor children with private insurance used similar levels of physician services (83.9% vs 84%), but were more likely to have unmet health needs (2.1 % vs 0.6%) and were less likely to have a usual source of care (95.6% vs 97.4%).Medicaid is associated with improvements in access to care and use of services. However, there remains room for improvement when Medicaid is judged against private health insurance. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 contains several Medicaid provisions that could stimulate further improvements in access for poor children.
Multiple Slowly Growing Nodular Lesions on the Lower Legs in a 78-Year-Old Obese Woman
Authors: Birka Brauns, Martin Mempel, Michael P. Schön, Cornelia S. Seitz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
DOUBLE‐BLIND TRIAL WITH STANDARD DOSES OF FENOTEROL AND SALBUTAMOL IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN
Authors: VIGGO GRAFF‐LONNEVIG
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The broncho-dilating effect of fenoterol in aerosol form was studied in 16 children with asthma. The drug was compared with salbutamol in standard doses in a double-blind trial. Dynamic spirometric tests (FEV1.0 and VC) were performed before and up to 8 h after inhalation. There was a significant increase in the expiratory flow 5 min after inhalation of the two drugs. Maximal values were reached in 60-120 min. After 7-8 hours the increase was no longer significant. There were no significant differences between the two drugs tested. As no cardio-vascular side-effects or subjective discomfort was noted, fenoterol will be of great value in the routine treatment of children with asthma bronchiale.
Abstract P4-01-13: Fusion imaging using opto-acoustics and ultrasound to differentiate breast mass histopathology
Authors: P Lavin, AT Stavros, FL Tucker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Opto-acoustics (OA) is a true fusion imaging technology that combines dual energy laser optic functional imaging with real time gray scale ultrasound morphologic imaging. The laser optic component uses two wavelengths that have been chosen to optimally demonstrate oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. The color-coded laser optic images are co-registered and temporally interleaved with real time gray scale images. OA fusion imaging benefits from the combination of the high contrast resolution of dual wavelength laser optics and the higher spatial resolution and penetration of gray scale ultrasound. OA can demonstrate both tumor neovascularity and the relative degrees of oxygenation-deoxygenation within breast mass and within the surrounding tissues. Methodology: A series of 68 prospective patients with undiagnosed breast masses going to biopsy were evaluated before biopsy with a handheld device combining ultrasound co-registered with OA for the visualization of pre-defined internal and external features. The internal features included vascularity (V), blush (BU), and blood (BL) accumulation while external features included boundary zone vascularity and blush (BZ) and peri-tumoral radiating vessels (RV); each were scored on a 0-5 ordinal scale and were summed to get a total internal score, total external score, and a total score. A two-sided exact Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to test the relationship between increasing scores and higher cancer grade. Results: The study population consisted of 29 fibroadenomas (FAs) as well as 10 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), grade 1, 11 IDC grade 2, and 18 IDC grade 3 cases. OA Total (two-sided p = 3×10−8) and OA Total Internal (two-sided p = 6×10−9) were highly significant but OA Total External was not statistically significant; OA Total and OA Total Internal Features were highly related to histology with lower scores for FAs increasing progressively to highest scores for IDC 3. Moreover, all three internal OA features were highly significant: (1) V (two-sided p = 10−7), BU (two-sided p = 3×10−8), and BL (two-sided p = 5×10−6). Cumulative contribution of each internal feature to the total internal score was also assessed for each histopathology subgroup to confirm independent contribution to the OA Total Internal Score. Pairwise correlations explained no more than 56% of the total variance. Conclusions: We have established the prognostic value of OA Total and OA Internal Features as well as the validation of the contributions of each OA Internal Feature. Using the combination of individual internal and external OA features not only helps distinguish benign from malignant masses, but helps stratify malignant lesions by histologic grade. These abilities could be useful both for diagnosis and for monitoring non-surgical treatment of malignant masses. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-13.
NICE to issue faster guidance on use of drugs by NHS
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which advises the NHS in England on the use of medical treatments, has developed a more rapid process for assessment that will be used initially for lifesaving medicines, including several cancer drugs.

The new “single technology appraisal” process will enable NICE to develop guidance on drugs selected for rapid assessment within eight weeks—much more quickly than the current average of 18 months. It will initially be applied to lifesaving drugs that have already been licensed and to new lifesaving medicines close to the time that they first become available.

In the faster appraisal …
POISONING BY BUTTER OF ANTIMONY
Authors: W. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1922)

M THx Lnrrism 9g17 slhortly afterwards.Since then I have been able to investi- gate the fluid in about a dozen other cases either shortly before or shortly after death had occurred.In every case.theapproaclh or occurrence of death led to a large increase in the n-itrogenous contents of the cerebro-spinal fluid.For example, Case No. 20 lhad been sufferina from general paralysis for fourteen months and hlis nitrogen nutuber had.gradually increased from 25 to 39.He died eleven days after this, and his fluid, withdrawn by lumbar puncture tlhirty minutes after death, gave NN 109.In anotlher case (No. 3), diagnosed seizures.Nitrogen number 30.
Management of Crohn's disease
Authors: C. A. Lamb, R. A. Speight, S. Needham, J. Y. Graham, J. C. Mansfield
Journal: Gut (2010)

This is an introduction to the Gut tutorial ‘Management of Crohn's disease’ hosted on BMJ Learning—the best available learning website for medical professionals from the BMJ Group.

This interactive module is focused around a case of Crohn's disease and its medical and surgical management over a period of …
THE OCULAR ORIGIN OF "MIGRAINE."
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Does not remember having seen many diseased animals.To- ward the end of 1903 a large cold abscess developed on left side of his chest which was opened in March, 1904.Two ribs were resected.The wound remained open ever since.Large soft fluctuating swellings developed on both sides of his neck.Dr. Weil curetted the open sinus and removed some diseased bone.Microscopic examination of the granulation tissue showed miliary and submiliary chronic abscesses, some with giant cells in their wall.In these abscesses the para- sites were found.Many sporulating forms.Cultures ob- tained.Case 12 (New case).-Chinesepatient, of City and County Hospital, June, 1905.The external condyle of the right humerus was resected for caries which involved the joint.Microscopic examination of the specimen showed fibrous thickening and cellular infiltration of the periosteum and ad- joining muscle; extensive destruction of bone with formation of granulation tissue full of tubercle-like nodules with large giant cells of Langhans' type.In other places there were submiliary abscesses.One section showed a large area of dif- fuse caseation.In the latter many large adult parasites and some empty shells.In one of abscesses a typical sporulating form.The patient suffered from a chronic pulmonary trouble with much purulent expectoration, no tubercle bacilli could be found.There was also a paraplegia of both legs.The patient spoke Chinese only, so no history could be obtained.He died within a short time, but unfortunately no autopsy was obtained.
INTERLOBAR EMPYEMA AND OTHER SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF THE THORAX
Authors: W. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1918)

i INTERrIOBAR EMPYEMA.[ITin 529 6. Education.-Thelast, but certainly not least important, method is the education of officers and men as to the habits of the mosquito and the means of avoiding infection.Pamphlets, posters, lectures, lantern slides, cinema films, all have their place according to circumstance and opportunity.