tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human insulin-like growth factor I receptor function in pituitary cells is suppressed by a dominant negative mutant.
Authors: D Prager, H Yamasaki, M M Weber, S Gebremedhin, S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Hybrid receptors were studied in GC rat pituitary cells overexpressing either wild-type 950Tyr (WT) human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors or mutant human IGF-I receptors truncated at position 952 in the beta subunit transmembrane region (952STOP). 125I-IGF-I binding was increased in both 950Tyr (WT) (14-fold) and truncated human IGF-I receptor (952STOP) stable transfectants (50-fold), when compared to untransfected cells that contained endogenous rat IGF-I receptors. Metabolic cell labeling followed by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal alpha and beta subunit-specific antibodies revealed the presence of hybrid rat/truncated human receptors, truncated transfected human receptors, and WT human IGF-I holotetramers. Both mutant and hybrid receptors were degraded slower than 950Tyr (WT) receptors (> 16 h). Despite their markedly increased ligand binding and prolonged receptor half-life, 952STOP transfectants failed to transduce the IGF-I signal to suppress growth hormone (GH). Also, they neither underwent autophosphorylation nor phosphorylated endogenous proteins. The expected suppression of GH by endogenous rat IGF-I receptors was completely abrogated in 952STOP transfectants (P < 0.001 compared to untransfected cells). Mutant 952STOP cells were therefore completely devoid of biological signaling to GH despite the presence of endogenous rat IGF-I receptors. Thus mutant IGF-I receptors block ligand-mediated endogenous rat IGF-I signaling by functioning as a dominant negative forming nonfunctional human/rat hybrid receptors. Defective IGF-I receptors may function therefore as dominant negative phenotypes which suppress normal receptor responses in pituitary cells.
Dreams, mnemonics, and tuning for criticality
Authors: Barak A. Pearlmutter, Conor J. Houghton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

According to the tuning-for-criticality theory, the essential role of sleep is to protect the brain from super-critical behaviour. Here we argue that this protective role determines the content of dreams and any apparent relationship to the art of memory is secondary to this.
Alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances the delayed rectifier K+ current of guinea pig ventricular cells through the activation of protein kinase C.
Authors: N Tohse, H Nakaya, M Kanno
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The effect of alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation on the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) was examined in isolated guinea pig ventricular cells by use of the patch-clamp method. IK was evoked by a 3-second depolarizing pulse from a holding potential of -30 mV in a Na(+)- and K(+)-free solution containing 3 microM nifedipine. Phenylephrine (30 microM) in the presence of propranolol (1 microM) produced an increase in IK. In five cells, phenylephrine increased the tail current of IK by 23 +/- 5%. This effect of phenylephrine was blocked by prazosin (0.3 microM), a selective alpha 1-blocker. Phenylephrine produced only a small effect on the voltage and time dependence of IK. Pretreatment with 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7, 10 microM) abolished the phenylephrine-induced increase in IK. In addition, pretreatment with a maximally effective concentration of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (100 nM) abolished the phenylephrine-induced increase in IK. In conclusion, alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation increases IK in guinea pig cardiomyocytes. This alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated response may be related to an activation of protein kinase C. The increase in IK may explain a shortening of action potential duration observed after alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation in guinea pig cells.
Natural fluctuations of hepatitis C viral load in a homogeneous patient population: A prospective study
Authors: Liam Fanning, Elizabeth Kenny-Walsh, John Levis, Kingshuk Roy Choudhury, Bridin Cannon, Margaret Sheehan, Michael Whelton, Fergus Shanahan
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The aim of this study was to determine the variation in hepatitis C viral load over an extended period of patient follow up. Serum samples were collected from 49 female individuals who were identified as having been infected from the same source of hepatitis C-contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin during the period from 1977 (May) to 1978 (November). All patients attended the hepatitis C clinic at Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland. The study group was homogeneous with respect to gender, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (1b), and duration of infection. None of the patients had received antiviral therapy at the time of completion of study. Viral load quantifications were assessed using the Roche Monitor (F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) assay. The mean age of the study group at time of infection was 30.3 years (SD +/- 6.1) with a range from 18.5 to 43 years. The mean time of follow-up was 4. 1 years (SD +/- 1.0) with a range from 1.2 to 5 years. The mean rate of change of viral load per year was 0.23 log(10) viral copies per mL serum for the study group (SD +/- 0.19) with a range of -0.18 to 0.78 that was significantly different from zero, P < 10(-10). The rate of change of viral load per year was negatively correlated with viral load at first determination, r = -.35, P =.01. Age at infection did not correlate with the slope of change of viral load, P =.10. In conclusion, most women infected with HCV 1b will have an increase in viral load over time but a few patients who acquire infection early in adult life will show a decrease in viral load.
Intrauterine growth and neonatal weight gain in babies of women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: J L Treasure, G F M Russell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

populations who are heterogeneous with regard to risk susceptibility.The patient with above average susceptibility may develop risk factors, though his or her behaviour may not be aberrant in statistical terms.The first approach confirms the importance of individual prevention and care, whereas the second shows that prevention is necessary also at the level of populations.We thank Ms G Cohier, M Lagrost, C Chabert, H Eydoux, C Marcoul, and S Perles for collecting the survey data and Dr B Krajevitch for examining the children.
The Clinical Behavior and Management of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Gordon McNeer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The pigmentation of melanomas may be a primary or secondary phenomenon. A striking change in color and size with itching, ulceration, and a tendency to bleed suggest underlying activity. The congenital form may remain dormant for 1 to 50 years. The presence of metastasis may be the first warning of danger. Surgical removal, for prophylaxis and histologic study, is recommended for moles situated at anatomic pressure points. Wide excision with dissection of the adjacent lymphatics offers the soundest technique for eradicating malignant melanoma. The outlook in the primary stage is promising compared with many other forms of cancer. When the adjacent lymphatic system contains metastatic melanoma the outlook becomes less favorable.
George Walter Scott
Authors: M G Thorne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

George Scott was a physician who will be remembered by a generation of doctors and who admired his outstanding clinical skill and his charm, his sense of humour, and his ability to impart knowledge and understanding in an entirely painless way. He was also a man who not only enjoyed life himself but led others to enjoy life too.

After his schooling at Epsom College, George went to Guy's Hospital as a wartime medical student—a reserved occupation so that doctors could qualify quickly and help the war effort. Characteristically, he left to enlist in the Fleet Air Arm following the death of his brother on active service. He survived the hazards of working as a pilot in South East Asia and returned to Guy's to complete his training. After qualifying in 1949 he worked on the house at …
Building-Associated Risk of Febrile Acute Respiratory Diseases in Army Trainees
Authors: John F. Brundage
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Airborne transmission of infectious agents and associations of indoor air pollutants with respiratory illnesses are well documented. We hypothesized that energy conservation measures that tighten buildings also increase risks of respiratory infection among building occupants. At four Army training centers during a 47-month period, incidence rates of febrile acute respiratory disease were compared between basic trainees in modern (energy-efficient design and construction) and old barracks. Rates of febrile acute respiratory disease were significantly higher among trainees in modern barracks (adjusted relative risk estimate, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 1.56), and relative risks were consistent at the four centers. These results support the hypothesis that tight buildings with closed ventilation systems significantly increase risks of respiratory-transmitted infection among congregated, immunologically susceptible occupants.
Quantitative Approach to the I131 Renogram
Authors: Frank A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Radioactive isotope renography has been a useful clinical procedure but, with only qualitative interpretation of the renogram, it is subject to diagnostic error. A statistical analysis of an approach to quantitation using the criteria of T<sub>max</sub>and T<sub>½</sub>has been performed. With upper limits of normal set at 4 min and 7 min, respectively, for these criteria, 2 of 22 normal subjects showed false-positive results and 18 of 114 patients with proved renal disease had false-negative results. The analysis indicated that this simple and rapid quantitative approach led to a reasonable degree of accuracy.
Dietary Supplement Labeling More Informative
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Orally Administered Unfractionated Heparin With Carrier Agent Is Therapeutic for Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Mark D. Gonze, Khashayar Salartash, W. Charles Sternbergh, Robert A. Baughman, Andrea Leone-Bay, Samuel R. Money
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Orally administered heparin (OHEP) is unreliable because of poor absorption. Sodium N- (8[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino) caprylate (SNAC) is an amido acid that facilitates the gastrointestinal absorption of heparin. We evaluated the effectiveness of OHEP combined with SNAC (OHEP/SNAC) in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods and Results —An internal jugular DVT was produced in 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to 6 different groups for 7 days of treatment: untreated control, subcutaneous heparin (SC HEP) (300 U/kg SC TID), SNAC only (300 mg/kg PO TID), OHEP only (30 mg/kg PO TID), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (enoxaparin 5 mg/kg SC QD), and OHEP/SNAC (30 mg/kg:300 mg/kg PO TID). The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti–factor X (anti-Xa) levels were measured. The incidence of residual DVT after 1 week of treatment was 100% (9 of 9) in the control group versus 10% (1 of 10) in the OHEP/SNAC and 10% (1 of 10) in the LMWH groups ( P &lt;0.001). There was also a significant reduction in clot weights between these groups. Compared with controls, there were no significant differences in the residual DVT in the SNAC-only (6 of 6), OHEP-only (9 of 9), or SC HEP (8 of 10) groups. Combination OHEP/SNAC was as effective in the resolution of the clot and reducing clot weight as LMWH. The aPTT levels in the OHEP/SNAC group peaked at 30 minutes and were significantly higher than in all other groups ( P &lt;0.01). Anti-Xa levels were elevated at 15 minutes after dosing in the OHEP/SNAC group and remained significantly elevated at 4 hours ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions —OHEP combined with a novel carrier agent (SNAC) successfully treated DVT in this rat model.
Immunohistochemical localisation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in follicle associated epithelium of Peyer's patches.
Authors: Y Fujimura, T Kihara
Journal: Gut (1994)

The epithelium covering domes of lymphoid follicles in Peyer9s patches includes membranous cells, which are sites of entry for various macromolecules, absorptive cells, a few goblet cells, and many migrating lymphoid cells. The mechanism of migration of lymphoid cells into the follicle associated epithelium of lymphoid follicles in Peyer9s patches is still unknown. This study investigated the relation between localisation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the follicle associated epithelium of Peyer9s patches immunohistochemically. It was found that subepithelial fibroblasts expressed ICAM beneath the follicle associated epithelium on lymphoid follicles, but not on surrounding villi. The results show that the massive lymphocytic traffic between follicle associated epithelium and lymphoid follicles may be related to ICAM-1 expression.
A Study of Rheumatic Disease in a Canadian Indian Population : II. Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Haida Indians
Authors: J. P. Gofton, H. S. Robinson, G. E. Price
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

A) 1958 Criteria- (Ropes and others, 1959) (1) Serological.-Thesheep cell agglutination test (SCAT) of Ball (1950) was used in both the Haida and W.-L. studies.All tests were conducted in Ball's labora- tory on frozen sera.(2) Radiological.-Froman initial comparison of read- ings in an exchange of films, it was apparent that Law- rence's interpretations in the W.-L. study (1961) were more "sensitive" than ours.With the generous cooperation of Lawrence, we were able to obtain his interpretation and grading of our Haida films.These we applied directly to the score ofcriteria for each respondent and recalculated the totals.This resolved the differences in interpretation between Lawrence and the authors, although it may involve secular changes in grading in Lawrence's readings of the two sets of films.Cervical spine findings were excluded in both studies.(3) Clinical.-Allclinical gradings are those of the Vancouver observers.
Risk of perforation during dilation for esophageal strictures after endoscopic resection in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: H. Takahashi, Y. Arimura, S. Okahara, S. Uchida, S. Ishigaki, H. Tsukagoshi, Y. Shinomura, M. Hosokawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de H. Takahashi et al., pp. 184Endoscopy 2011; 43(03): 248-248DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291804
Case of Sterility from Anteflexion of the Uterus, and Constriction of the Internal Os Uteri, Cured
Authors: H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRITISH MfflEDICAL _OURNAL.7 lead from ignorance to perfect knowledge, minds that might have con- tinued to be busied and puzzled with the unsettled problem of the cir- 'culation, would be set free to engage in other and more profitable in- quiries; that no one could henceforth devote himself to the study of any matter relating to the physiology of the human frame, but must own himself in some degree his debtor; that every physician every time he felt a pulse, would have a more intelligent appreciation of its indications, every surgeon who should staunch a hzemorrhage, or tie an artery, or perform an operation, would do it with a firmer hand, in consequence of his discovery of the circulation.And these annual orations !-may we not venture to hope that in as far as, year by year, they faithfully pourtray Harvey, in his studious youth, busy manhood, and serene old age, they promote the objects he had in view, supplying with motive, example and encouragement, all who are now striving to render the life that now is longer, healthier, pleasanter, happier, by manifold methods of cure, palliation and pre- vention ; in full assurance that true knowledge is real power ; and that, if we make the discovery of truth our motive, and use intelligent in- *dustr-y as our means, we shall not miss some portion of that rich reward which fell in unwonted measure to the lot of him whose " immortal memory" we honour this day, for this among other reasons, that he conferred upon us, in the full practical sense of the words, the Dis- vovery of the Cir-cuelationt of the Blood.
Oral Co-Administration Of Peanut and Cholera Toxin Subunit B During Pregnancy and Lactation Blocks Anaphylaxis and Induces Epigenetic Modifications In Peanut Allergic Murine Mothers
Authors: Ying Song, ChangDa Liu, Kamal D. Srivastava, Jia Chen, Rachel L. Miller, Xiu-Min Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Authors' reply to Stevens and McManus
Authors: A. D. Shah, E. Herrett, R. Boggon, S. Denaxas, L. Smeeth, T. van Staa, A. Timmis, H. Hemingway
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We thank Stevens and McManus for pointing out that using unlinked primary care databases may underestimate the absolute risk of myocardial infarction because these databases fail to capture all events.1 2 Non-differential under-recording may not cause bias in studies solely focusing on relative effects, …
Resection of Some—But Not All—Clinically Uninvolved Adjacent Viscera As Part of Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Peter W.T. Pisters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology includes two retrospective studies evaluating aggressive surgery with wide margins (including resection of clinically uninvolved organs) in patients with primary and recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas. 1,2 These reports are thought provoking and should be carefully considered as we evaluate treatment options for patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas. Issues that warrant further discussion in interpreting these findings include the underlying hypothesis, methodologies used, and case selection. The underlying hypothesis behind both reports is that a surgical approach designed to achieve wide macroscopically negative surgical margins may lead to lower rates of microscopically positive surgical margins and presumably lower risks for local recurrence. In the retroperitoneal space, the only way to achieve this objective is to resect clinically uninvolved adjacent organs in an en-bloc fashion. In both studies, patients generally underwent resection of uninvolved ipsilateral kidney, colon, and/or psoas muscle. It is well accepted that the kidney and segments of the colon can usually be resected with relatively low morbidity and that the psoas muscle can be resected with low morbidity if care is taken to preserve the femoral nerve and its roots. However, retroperitoneal sarcomas are also often situated adjacent to other uninvolved retroperitoneal and intra-abdominal viscera (such as the pancreas, spleen, duodenum, and liver), large blood vessels (such as the inferior vena cava, aorta, and portal vein), and functionally significant muscles (such as the rectus abdominis and diaphragm). These adjacent viscera, vessels, and muscles can also be resected when they are clinically involved, but not without substantially greater risks for morbidity and death. The authors of the two retrospective reports did not perform routine resection of these other adjacent viscera, vessels, and muscles, even though these structures were likely just as close to the primary tumor as the colon, kidney, and psoas. Thus the approach of resecting uninvolved adjacent organs was used only selectively—some adjacent organs and muscles were resected en-bloc, but not all adjacent structures that affect final microscopic margins were resected. This is a critical point that is underemphasized in both articles. This strategy extends some, but likely not all, resection margins around sarcomas in the anatomically complex retroperitoneum—a fundamental limitation of the technique that makes it unlikely to confer a clinical benefit for many if not the majority of patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas. Both studies are retrospective and thus have limitations related to the methodology used. Bonvalot et al 2 abstracted data from operative reports, pathology reports, and other medical records of 382 patients who underwent surgery at an unspecified number of institutions