tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile Duct Leakage After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Diagnosed by Radioisotopic Scanning
Authors: E J POLITOSKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is fast becoming the procedure of choice for removal of the gallbladder. It offers advantages over traditional cholecystectomy with shorter hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and lowered hospital costs. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been shown to be a safe procedure when performed by experienced surgeons, but a higher incidence of injury to the bile duct has been noted. Nuclear scintigraphy offers a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of traumatic injury to the bile duct. A case is presented in which a patient developed a major bile duct leak after undergoing an apparent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The complication was promptly diagnosed through the use of nuclear scintigraphy. Radioisotopic scanning should be considered when evaluating patients who manifest abdominal pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
<i>Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studirende und Aerzte.</i>Von Dr. Emil Kraepelin, Professor in Heidelberg. Fünfte vollständig umgearbeitete Auflage. Mit 10 Lichtdrucktafeln, 13 Curven und 13 Schriftproben. Leipzig: Verlag von J. A. Barth, 1896. Price, $5
Authors: A. Meyer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1896)
First Drug for Penicillin-Resistant Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Jane E. Henney
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elastic Stump Socks
Authors: L. Gillis
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Motivation</h3> In recent years, the well-known Infinite Sites Assumption (ISA) has been a fundamental feature of computational methods devised for reconstructing tumor phylogeny trees and inferring cancer progression. However, recent studies leveraging Single Cell Sequencing (SCS) techniques showed evidence of a number of recurrence and mutational loss in several tumor samples, an observation which essentially violates a strict ISA (e.g. [17].) <h3>Results</h3> We present the SASC (Simulated Annealing Single Cell inference) tool, a new model and a robust framework based on Simulated Annealing for the inference of cancer progression from the SCS data. Our main objective is to overcome the limitations of the Infinite Sites Assumption by introducing a version of the Dollo parsimony model which indeed allows the deletion of mutations from the evolutionary history of the tumor. We demonstrate that SASC achieves high levels of accuracy when tested on both simulated and real data sets and in comparison with other available methods. <h3>Availability</h3> The Simulated Annealing Single Cell inference tool (SASC) is open source and available at https://github.com/sciccolella/sasc. <h3>Contact</h3> s.ciccolella@campus.unimib.it
Health Resorts—The Patient—Home and Resident Physicians.
Authors: William F. Bernart
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Hot Springs, Ark., Sept. 5, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The number of people visiting health resorts increases yearly. Among them are those suffering from chronic ailments and whose search is strictly for health; in such cases the question arises, how and under what circumstances will the patient derive the greatest benefit? Without a doubt the attending physician at the patient's home has the key to the situation, and it is on this basis that I formulate my deductions. Dr. James K. Crook, in an article read before the section on general medicine of the New York Academy of Medicine, May 20, 1902, stated that we have within our borders springs that equal and excel those of Europe, with the exception of the sulphated salines, yet this is a matter not generally known, and one to which but little attention has been given by the general worker in medicine. Frequently is
Analgesic Risks and Pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Gerald A. Faich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Knowledge of uncommon adverse drug reactions ordinarily derives from case reports based on clinical observations. Size limitations of clinical trials preclude identification of rare adverse reactions.<sup>1</sup>Yet individual case reports have two problems. First, an observed clinical event may be coincidental to a particular drug exposure, be linked to the disease being treated, or be due to other drugs. Only in the unusual instance when rechallenge and reappearance of the event are described can causality be clearly inferred from a case report. Second, individual case reports cannot generally provide a basis for incidence estimates.<sup>1</sup>For prospective clinical decisions, the issue is not whether a drug might cause a reaction, but how often this happens. Thus, the extraordinary study of the relationship between analgesics and aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis in this issue ofThe JOURNALis most welcome and important.<sup>2</sup>Because these conditions are rare, a case-control study
Letter: Plasma levels of antidepressants and anticonvulsants.
Authors: E H Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Anticonvulsant Osteomalacia and Vitaniln D SIR,--Controversial data concerning the effect of vitamin D on anticonvulsant osteomalacia have recently been reported in the B.M.7.1-3In 1971 we reported a preliminary study using photon absorptiometry in which we found de- creased bone mineral content (B.M.C.), decreased serum calcium values, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in nine epileptic patients treated with anticonvulsants as compared with 10 psychiatric patients resident in the same epileptic colony.4 5 Six months' treatment with 50 000 IU vitamin D2 daily was unable to affect the mean values of B.M.C. in any of the groups.6In the following year both groups were given a reduced dose of 2400 IU vitamin D2 daily without dietary calcium supplements, but the B.M.C. values re- mained constant.In the following six months a dietary calcium supplement of calcium lactate 3 g/day was added to the vitamin D treatment, B.M.C. values remaining unaltered.The serum calcium values gradually returned to normal and have remained normal since the eighth month of vitamin D treatment.Serum alkaline phosphatase levels remained elevated in the epileptic patients during the whole period of treatment.Our results of long-term treatment with varying doses of vitamin D and calcium intake in a small group of epileptic patients are in some respects in disagreement with those of Clristiansen et al.,' who were able to demonstrate a 4% increase in B.M.C. following three months' treatment with 2000 IU vitamin D2 and calcium supplements in a large group of epileptics.Our finding of unaltered serum alkaline phosphatase values for more than two years of treatment seem to support the assumption of Rowe and Stamp2 that the elevated levels in adult epileptics are mainly due to increase in the hepatic isoenzyme.We have been unable to relate variations in serum calcium to B.M.C. values, but we agree with the statement of Christiansen et al. that prophylactic vitamin D supplements might prove to be beneficial to antiepileptic- treated patients.-Weare, etc.,
HLA-DP as specific target for cellular immunotherapy in HLA class II-expressing B-cell leukemia
Authors: C E Rutten, S A P van Luxemburg-Heijs, M Griffioen, E W A Marijt, I Jedema, M H M Heemskerk, E F M Posthuma, R Willemze, J H F Falkenburg
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Increasing Options for the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Sundeep Khosla
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

More than a decade ago, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was identified as the key molecule mediating osteoclast development, activity, and survival.1 Since osteoporosis results, in part, from increased osteoclastic bone resorption, the inhibition of RANKL activity has been an obvious therapeutic target. In this issue of the Journal, two articles2,3 report pivotal studies that reflect more than 10 years of drug development and that establish the efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, denosumab, in reducing fractures.Cummings et al.2 enrolled 7868 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and randomly assigned them to receive either 60 . . .
Ontogeny of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid antigens in human skin
Authors: H.K. MULLER, RENATE KALNINS, R.C. SUTHERLAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The development of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid antigens in twenty‐nine human foetuses aged 9–40 weeks has been examined by immunofiuorescence. Pemphigus antigen was weakly demonstrable in the epidermal intercellular area at 9 weeks and strongly after 12 weeks, Bullous pemphigoid antigen was weak and patchy at 12 weeks and only consistently demonstrable with bright linear immunofiuorescence of the basement membrane zone after 23 weeks. Morphologically detectable epidermal basement membrane is already present by 9 weeks gestation.
Ga-67 Scintigraphy Evaluation of a Posterior Mediastinal Abscess in a Neonate
Authors: JOHN R. STY, ROBERT J. STARSHAK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

The complimentary role of Ga-67 scintigraphy and body computed tomography in the evaluation of a posterior mediastinal mass in an infant is demonstrated. The mass was an abscess which had extended both anteriorly and posteriorly from a disc space infection.
Heritable mental disorders: You can't choose your relatives, but it is they who may really count
Authors: Ester Ivonne Klimkeit, John Lockyer Bradshaw
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Keller &amp; Miller (K&amp;M) briefly mention and promptly dismiss the idea that genes for harmful mental disorders may confer certain advantages to affected individuals. However, the authors fail to consider that the same genes (in low doses or reduced penetrance) may be adaptive for relatives, and that this may in part explain why they are retained in the gene pool.
Serious Recurrent Injuries of Athletes
Authors: Augustus Thorndike
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

CIVILIZATION is undergoing rapid changes.This is an age of ever-increasing speed and change in the multiple aspects of human existence — whether it is speed of a vehicle, on the ground or in the air, or the speed of an electronic calculator. By comparison, organized college athletics change slowly, although, in the past twenty-five years the colleges have become more conscious of their responsibilities for student health.Among the problems of health in the student population is a large group of diagnoses concerned with trauma. In the experience at Harvard University1 these represent over 20 per cent of the . . .
Confirmed Case and Diagnosis of Pseudocarpal-Tunnel (Sublimis) Syndrome
Authors: Richard C. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE carpal-tunnel syndrome is well known. The following case describes a new area of mediannerve compression labeled a "pseudocarpal-tunnel syndrome."Case ReportA tire fell on the dorsum of the left hand of a 21-year-old soldier that was palm down on the ground. Under the palm were several stones. The initial trauma was considered trivial to the palm of the hand. There was no trauma to the wrist, forearm or any other part of the upper extremity. Thirty-six hours later the patient had complete loss of sensation in the median distribution and complete paralysis of the opponens-pollicis and abductor-pollicis-brevis muscles . . .
Government to offer MMR vaccine to all children in England
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Department of Health has launched a campaign to raise the rate of take-up of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in England as concern grows about the outbreak of a measles epidemic.

The government has asked all primary care trusts to offer the vaccination to all children up to the age of 18 who are not yet fully protected.

In a letter to all primary care trusts, the chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, asked health service managers to urge parents to have their child immunised.

The measure has been introduced after warnings from the …
Determinants of Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Spencer Van B. Wilking
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<i>Isolated systolic hypertension</i>(ISH), defined as systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater when the diastolic pressure is less than 95 mm Hg, is a common form of hypertension among the elderly. We collected incidence and prevalence data on ISH and evaluated several potential factors for its occurrence in the Framingham Heart Study during 16 biennial examinations. The factors evaluated were age, sex, all components of the blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure), Metropolitan relative weight, serum cholesterol level, serum uric acid level, cigarette smoking, ventricular heart rate, glucose intolerance, and hematocrit. The population at risk (1687 men and 1992 women) were those members of the Framingham cohort with a systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg in the first four biennial examinations. Results showed ISH in 14.4% of the men and 22.8% of the women. Cumulative incidence rates were 418 per 1000 in men and 533 per 1000 in women. Significant risk factors for ISH were age, sex, all components of the blood pressure, and increased relative weight in women. We conclude that ISH is a highly prevalent disorder. Its major determinants are age, sex, increasing levels of blood pressure, and obesity in women. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3451-3455)
Smoking and Cervical Cancer: Cause or Coincidence
Authors: Warren Winkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In an editorial<sup>1</sup>accompanying the recently published article on cigarette smoking and cervical cancer,<sup>2</sup>Dr Layde raises two important issues. First, he correctly indicates that adjusting an observed association (in this case smoking with cervical cancer) by a confounding variable (number of sexual partners) reduces the strength of the association, and, because the confounder is a surrogate measure, the resulting adjusted estimate may overestimate the true risk. Second, he states that resolving the issue of the causal nature of the smoking—cervical cancer association is not urgent because smoking cessation already is justified by a variety of established harmful consequences. Both of these points deserve comment. A confounding variable is, by definition, a factor that is associated with both the variable under study and the outcome variable and that, therefore, accounts for all or part of the observed association between the study variable and the
Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: William S. Fields
Journal: JAMA (1976)

One cannot now predict with accuracy the degree of deficit that may be anticipated following a carotid occlusion even when the condition of the opposite artery is known. When symptoms and signs occur, they are most likely related to the hemisphere or eye on the side of the occlusion. In patients with carotid occlusion, a higher rate of severe complications and mortality was encountered following arteriography than in the general study population. Among randomized patients with a carotid occlusion and a contralateral carotid stenosis, 63% of medically treated patients were alive at the end of a 66-month follow-up, whereas only 34% of surgically treated patients were still living. Surgical mortality was extremely high in patients with a carotid occlusion. Sixty-seven percent mortality occurred in patients undergoing surgery within one week of a cerebral infarction. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2734-2738, 1976)
Antioxidant gene therapy and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Hartmut Jaeschke
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase (SOD) overexpression in an acute model of hepatic oxidative stress.Oxidative stress was established using a warm ischemia-reperfusion model, where nearly 70% of the liver was made hypoxic by clamping the hepatic artery and a branch of the portal vein for 1 hr followed by restoration of blood flow.Animals were infected i.v. with 1 ؋ 10(9) plaque-forming units (PFU) of adenovirus containing the transgene for cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD (Ad.SOD1), mitochondrial Mn-SOD (Ad.SOD2), extracellular Cu/Zn-SOD (Ad.SOD3), or the bacterial reporter gene for betagalactosidase (Ad.lacZ) 3 days prior to experiments.Ad.SOD1 and Ad.SOD2 caused a three-fold increase in SOD expression and activity in liver compared to Ad.lacZ-treated control animals.Intravenous administration of Ad.SOD3 increased SOD activity slightly in serum but not in liver.Increases in serum transaminases and pathology due to ischemia-reperfusion were blunted by Ad.SOD1 and Ad.SOD2; however, extracellular SOD had no significant effect.Moreover, lipid-derived free radical adducts (a(N) ‫؍‬ 15.65 G and a(H)(beta) ‫؍‬ 2.78 G) were increased by ischemia-reperfusion.This effect was blunted by about 60% in Ad.SOD1-and Ad-.SOD2-infected animals, but was unaffected by Ad-.SOD3.However, when high doses of Ad.SOD3 (3 ؋ 10(10) PFU) were administered.serum SOD activity was elevated three-fold and was protective against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury under these conditions.These data demonstrate that adenoviral delivery of superoxide dismutase can effectively reduce hepatic oxidative stress.
ROLE OF OSCILLATORY BREATHING DURING CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST FOR PROGNOSTIC STRATIFICATION OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Angela Beatrice Scardovi, Renata De Maria, Alessandro Ferraironi, Andrea Celestini, Silvia Forte, Marina Parolini, Laura Gatto, Loretta Bordi, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Roberto Ricci, Marco Guazzi, Roberto Ricci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
S127 Is healthcare associated pneumonia a distinct clinical phenotype?
Authors: Jane Taylor, J. Chalmers, A. Singanayagam, A. Akram, G. Choudhury, P. Mandal, A. Hill
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> US Guidelines define healthcare associated pneumonia (HCAP) as patients with regular contact with healthcare (eg, nursing home residents, patients with recent hospital admissions or regular outpatient clinics). It is argued that such patients are more likely to develop infection with resistant organisms and require broader spectrum antibiotics. UK guidelines do not distinguish between HCAP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether HCAP is a distinct clinical phenotype. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied consecutive patients aged 18+ presenting to an emergency department with CAP according to current UK definitions (NHS Lothian 2006–2009). Exclusion criteria included hospital acquired pneumonia, immunosupressed patients, and patients not actively treated (palliative). Cases were reviewed by two investigators and HCAP patients were defined according to 2005 ATS/IDSA guidelines. Survival was analysed by Kaplain–Meier analysis and logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> This study analysed 1111 consecutive patients. Of these, 224 (20.2%) met the criteria for HCAP (39.3% hospitalised within 3 months, 37.5% nursing home residents, 10.7% recent outpatient appointments, 12.5% ‘other’). 96.4% of HCAP patients received standard ‘CAP’ antibiotic therapy without coverage of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> or MRSA. Demographic comparison of HCAP and CAP patients showed HCAP patients were significantly older (median age 76 vs 64, p&lt;0.0001) and more likely to have co-morbidities, for example, congestive cardiac failure (30% vs 17%, p&lt;0.0001), COPD (33.5% vs 20.8%, p&lt;0.0001). HCAP patients had higher markers of severity and worse outcomes on univariate analysis. Mean admission CURB65 score was greater (2.32 vs 1.78, p&lt;0.0001), median length of stay was longer (7 vs 5 days, p=0.01) and 30-day mortality was double that of CAP patients (16.5% vs 8.2%, p=0.0004). Kaplain–Meier analysis showed higher mortality for HCAP patients (Log rank test χ<sup>2</sup> 13.24 df=1, p=0.0003) as shown in Abstract S127 Figure 1. On multivariate analysis, however, after adjustment for age, co-morbidities and initial pneumonia severity, HCAP was not independently associated with increased 30-day mortality AOR 1.13 (0.69–1.84, p=0.6). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Healthcare associated pneumonia is common, with around 20% of CAP patients meeting the definition. Although HCAP patients are older and have more co-morbidities, HCAP is not independently associated with 30-day mortality.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Childhood Leukemia and Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure
Authors: Donald T. Wigle, Michelle C. Turner, Daniel Krewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of childhood leukemia and parental occupational pesticide exposure.Data sourcesSearches of MEDLINE (1950–2009) and other electronic databases yielded 31 included studies.Data extractionTwo authors independently abstracted data and assessed the quality of each study.Data synthesisRandom effects models were used to obtain summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was no overall association between childhood leukemia and any paternal occupational pesticide exposure (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88–1.34); there were slightly elevated risks in subgroups of studies with low total-quality scores (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.99–1.95), ill-defined exposure time windows (OR = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00–1.85), and exposure information collected after offspring leukemia diagnosis (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05–1.70). Childhood leukemia was associated with prenatal maternal occupational pesticide exposure (OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.51–2.88); this association was slightly stronger for studies with high exposure-measurement-quality scores (OR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.68–3.58), higher confounder control scores (OR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.56–3.62), and farm-related exposures (OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.53–3.89). Childhood leukemia risk was also elevated for prenatal maternal occupational exposure to insecticides (OR = 2.72; 95% CI, 1.47–5.04) and herbicides (OR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.28–10.3).ConclusionsChildhood leukemia was associated with prenatal maternal occupational pesticide exposure in analyses of all studies combined and in several subgroups. Associations with paternal occupational pesticide exposure were weaker and less consistent. Research needs include improved pesticide exposure indices, continued follow-up of existing cohorts, genetic susceptibility assessment, and basic research on childhood leukemia initiation and progression.
Abstract 15968: Reducing Time to Intervention for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Through Critical Care Transport
Authors: Damon M Kralovic, Roberta E Cwynar, Andrew p Reimer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: Several approaches have been utilized by transport programs to decrease the door-to-balloon (D2B) time for patients experiencing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The p...