tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Dialysis for Methanol Intoxication
Authors: Alfred K. Pfister
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE TOXIC effects of methanol in man are well recognized. The most severe consequences are blindness and a profound metabolic acidosis, which occur characteristically after a latent period of several hours or days after ingestion. Success in treatment depends on the correction of the acidosis and the prevention of the metabolism of methanol. The following report describes the combined use of early extracorporeal dialysis with alkalization and anhydrous alcohol (ethanol) therapy in a case of methanol poisoning, with an uneventful recovery. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 59-year-old white man was referred to the Charleston Memorial Hospital six hours after drinking about 16 oz of a commercial paint thinner containing methanol. The patient had a 40-year history of heavy alcohol intake, and he admitted having consumed 2 pt of whiskey daily during the week prior to admission. Results from physical examination revealed that
Acute acalculous cholecystitis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review.
Authors: C R Swanepoel, A Floyd, H Allison, G M Learmonth, M J Cassidy, M D Pascoe
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A case of acalculous cholecystitis presented as an acute abdominal emergency in a 22 year old woman with severe systemic lupus erythematosus. At the time of presentation the patient was receiving high doses of prednisone and cyclophosphamide to control her underlying disease. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen from the gall bladder showed lupus vasculitis. This complication of systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported before. Laboratory studies and changes in lupus activity may fail to predict the onset of cholecystitis.
Introductory Lecture to the Course of Clinical Ophthalmology at St. Thomas's Hospital
Authors: R. Liebreich
Journal: BMJ (1871)

GENTLEAIEN,-Ophthalmology was formerly considered a subordinate branch of surgery.By its astonishing progress, however, during the last twenty years, it has risen to the rank of a separate science.The most eminent physiologists, surgeons, and physicians, have, by perse- vering study and attention, developed the science and practice 'of ophthalmology until they have given it a scientific independence.Spe- cial studies and special training have become a necessary consequence of its high development.The treasurer, the governors, and the medical staff of this hospital and medical school have promptly recognised the importance of the subject.With the greatest care and liberality, the governors have fitted up a special department for the treatment of the diseases of the eye, and for instruction therein.The completeness of all the arrangements of this institution justly entitles us to indulge the pleasant expectation that it will not turn out inferior to similar departments of other general hospitals, nor even to any special eye infirmary.I hope, gentlemen, you will be anxious to derive all possible benefit from those favourable circumstances.For some time, however, there will, no doubt, be some difficulties arising out of my incomplete com- mand over the English language ; but 1 trust they will soon be dimin- ished.Indulgence on vour part, and my best intentions, assisted by long experience in teachina, will speedily help us over these difficulties.The teaching of ophthalmology aims at two widely different objects.
Modification of the amount of cholesterol in hepatic steatosis induced in susceptible and resistant mice infected with MHV3: A biochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Annick Bingen, Jean-Pierre Martin, François Klein, Marcia Pessah
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

A mouse hepatitis virus-3 strain subcultured in our laboratory is a unique experimental model in which to study virus-induced liver steatosis. This strain produces massive lipid deposition not only in sensitive adult BALB/c mice but also (though less extensive) in virus-resistant adult A/J mice. Biochemical determinations have shown that this steatosis is characterized by an increased amount of neutral lipids (sterols and triglycerides) in infected livers of BALB/c mice and by a smaller increase in those of A/J mice. However, the relative percentage of cholesterol and triglycerides is similar in both strains. Liver phospholipid content was significantly decreased in both strains of mice. To discriminate between cytoplasmic and membrane cholesterol content in different types of liver cells, an ultrastructural study was performed with filipin, a specific cholesterol marker. This study shows on one hand an important increase in the cholesterol in the hepatocytes of BALB/c mice and a smaller increase in those of A/J mice, in agreement with biochemical data. However, marked cholesterol decrease and abnormal cholesterol distribution were observed in the endothelial liver cells of infected BALB/c mice. This decreased cholesterol content probably led to higher fluidity of these membranes, which could be related to the important drop in the number of endothelial cell fenestrae observed after mouse hepatitis virus-3 infection. Because in A/J infected mice neither a decrease in the amount and distribution of cholesterol nor decreased fenestration were observed in endothelial liver cells, these findings could be correlated with the resistance of these mice to the infection.
The pathology of wear in the Beall model 104 heart valve prosthesis.
Authors: M D Silver, G J Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

We examined 13 Beall model 104 prostheses recovered at surgery or autopsy 10 to 84 1/2 months after insertion and observed the pattern of prosthesis wear. We defined wear as "mild" when the disc was notched but neither the metal of the struts was exposed not the cloth seat torn. In "moderate" wear the disc was notched, the Teflon coating of the struts was worn away exposing the underlying metal but the cloth of the set was not torn. The cloth seat was torn in "severe" wear, exposing the metal seat and causing a different pattern of disc erosion. In one case this allowed the disc to tilt into the valve lumen and, later, to escape from its cage. Most of the prostheses studied showed "moderate" or "severe" wear. We believe that some degree of wear is inevitable. Clinical signs and symptoms were not specific but a rough correlation existed between the severity of hemolysis, as indicated by serum LDH levels, and the degree of prosthesis wear. When wear was "severe", the results of cardiac catheterization studies usually mirrored the change, but there were a few exceptions. All patients with the Beall model 104 prosthesis may eventually develop "severe" wear, and we recommend regular reassessment with a view toward prosthesis replacement.
Healthcare in US will consume a fifth of GDP by 2020
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To explore patient, caregiver and physician perceptions and attitudes regarding the balance of benefit and risk in using antibacterial drugs developed through streamlined development processes. <h3>Design</h3> Semistructured focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to elicit perceptions and attitudes about the use of antibacterial drugs to treat multidrug-resistant infections. Participants were given background information about antibiotic resistance, streamlined drug development programmes and FDA drug approval processes. Audio recordings of focus groups/interviews were reviewed and quotes excerpted and categorised to identify key themes. <h3>Participants</h3> Two primary stakeholder groups were engaged: one comprising caregivers, healthy persons and patients who had recovered from or were at risk of resistant infection (N=67; 11 focus groups); and one comprising physicians who treat resistant infections (N=23). <h3>Results</h3> Responses from focus groups/interviews indicated widespread awareness among patients/caregivers and physicians of the seriousness of the problem of antibacterial resistance. Both groups were willing to accept a degree of uncertainty regarding the balance of risk and benefit in a new therapy where a serious unmet need exists, but also expressed a desire for rigorous monitoring and rapid, transparent reporting of safety/effectiveness data. Both groups wanted to ensure that &gt;1 physician had input on whether to treat patients with antibiotics developed through a streamlined process. Some patients/caregivers unfamiliar with exigencies of critical care suggested a relatively large multidisciplinary team, while physicians believed individual expert consultations would be preferable. Both groups agreed that careful oversight and stewardship of antibacterial drugs are needed to ensure patient safety, preserve efficacy and prevent abuse. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Groups comprising patients/caregivers and physicians were aware of serious issues posed by resistant infections and the lack of effective antibacterial drug therapies and shared a consensus that streamlined development programmes represent a necessary response to the resistance crisis, but one that requires enhanced safeguards and risk communication.
Respiratory and heart rate patterns in infants destined to be victims of sudden infant death syndrome: average rates and their variability measured over 24 hours.
Authors: A J Wilson, V Stevens, C I Franks, J Alexander, D P Southall
Journal: BMJ (1985)

From a prospective study in which 24 hour recordings of the electrocardiogram and respiratory activity (abdominal wall movement) were made on a population of full term infants, 22 recordings were obtained from 16 infants who later were victims of the sudden infant death syndrome. The average heart rate, average heart rate variability, average breath to breath interval, and average breath to breath interval variability over the whole of each recording for the 22 recordings were compared with those from a control group of 324 infants selected at random from the rest of the population. No significance was found in the number of recordings from those infants who suffered the sudden infant death syndrome which lay outside the 5th-95th percentile range of the control group for the four variables studied. In a group comparison no difference was found between the sudden infant death syndrome group and the controls either in terms of the respiratory variables studied or in terms of the average heart rate variability. The results did, however, suggest that there may be a group difference in terms of the average instantaneous heart rate.
Bony Ghosts — Residual Effects of Severe Growth Arrest
Authors: Jörg Pförtner, Matthias Hövel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Universitatsklinikum Essen 45122 Essen, Germany 16-year-old boy reported a two-to-three-month history of back pain during sports activities. The pain radiated to the buttocks, but without signs of sciatica. The patient had no history of trauma. His parents had noticed that he had had a growth spurt several months previously. The clinical examination revealed isolated shortening of the hamstrings. Intensive physical therapy resolved the pain. At nine years of age, the patient had undergone a five-month course of corticosteroid therapy for a relapse of severe Schonlein–Henoch purpura with acute nephritis and hematuria, arthralgia, and gastrointestinal involvement. The disease caused a global growth arrest with increased mineralization of the compact substance of bones. After he had recovered, the outlines of dense mineralization were still visible in radiographs of the growing lumbar vertebrae (Panel A, anteroposterior view, with patient standing; Panel B, lateral view) and the pelvic girdle (Panel C, anteroposterior view); they look like annular rings or “bony ghosts.” The appearance of “bone in bone” resembles the lines of retarded growth (Harris lines) in long bones. This phenomenon has no clinical significance, but it is a reminder of a severe growth arrest during juvenile bone maturation. The density of the bony ghosts is related to the severity and duration of the growth arrest and disappears slowly with further trabecular remodeling.
Abnormal haemoglobins in zambia. A new haemoglobin zambia 60 (E9) lysine-&gt;Asparagine
Authors: G. P. T. Barclay, D. Charlesworth, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey for abnormal haemoglobins in Zambia has demonstrated Haemoglobin S—including 187 cases of sickle-cell anaemia, Haemoglobin J Oxford on one occasion, and a new Haemoglobin Zambia in four unrelated families. No evidence for β-thalassaemia was found, but Haemoglobin H disease and other evidence for α-thalassaemia were found.
Hypertension and the Red Cell
Authors: John C. Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Because of their availability and ease of manipulation, red cells have long been a favorite subject for students of membrane structure and function and many transport pathways have been identified in the red cell.1 The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger, for example, is uniquely suited to the specialized role of red cells in respiration and blood buffering.2 Other, more generally distributed transport systems in red cells, such as the pumps for sodium-potassium and calcium, are vital components of almost all animal cells. Finally, red cells are capable of a host of transport activities of unknown physiologic importance: sodium-sodium exchange, lithium-sodium exchange, and sodium-potassium . . .
T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Cells Express High Levels of BCL2, S1P1, and ICAM1, Leading to a Blockade of Tumor Cell Intravasation
Authors: Hui Feng, David L. Stachura, Richard M. White, Alejandro Gutierrez, Lu Zhang, Takaomi Sanda, Cicely A. Jette, Joseph R. Testa, Donna S. Neuberg, David M. Langenau, Jeffery L. Kutok, Leonard I. Zon, David Traver, Mark D. Fleming, John P. Kanki, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Cellular Microenvironments: A Versatile Approach to Engineering Biomolecule‐Presenting Cellular Microenvironments (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2013)
Authors: Philipp S. Lienemann, Maria Karlsson, Ana Sala, Hanna M. Wischhusen, Franz E. Weber, Roland Zimmermann, Wilfried Weber, Matthias P. Lutolf, Martin Ehrbar
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Biomimetic hydrogels are engineered to mimic extracellular microenvironments, as reported by Martin Ehrbar and co-workers on page 292. The cover image shows schematically how these matrices can selectively capture proteins from solution and present them to target cells in close proximity, triggering a desired cellular response.
GONORRHEAL INFLAMMATION OF STERNO-CLAVICTJLAR ARTICULATION.IN ONE CASE COMPLICATING FRACTURE OF CLAVICLE.
Authors: R. L. LARSON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —John S., aged 20, came to me a few weeks ago with the following history: <h3>History.</h3> —Three days previous he fell off a horse's back, striking on his left shoulder, apparently receiving only a slight contusion of the soft parts around the shoulder girdle. He paid no attention to it until great soreness and tumefaction ensued. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I found well-marked evidences of simple, oblique fracture of the clavicle at its middle point. At the junction of the middle and inner thirds there was a hard, bony swelling, which he stated was the result of a fracture about a year ago, for which he was treated at the Alexian Brothers' Hospital. There was good union at this point. I noticed a prominent swelling at the sternal articulation of the clavicle, which I did not think was concomitant with the recent fracture. The patient stated that he had an
Meconium ileus equivalent in adults with cystic fibrosis of pancreas: a report of six cases.
Authors: M E Hodson, M B Mearns, J C Batten
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Eleven episodes of "meconium ileus equivalent" have been seen in six adults with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Three patients were initially treated surgically; one died and the other two developed serious postoperative chest infections. Six episodes were successfully treated medically with acetylcysteine orally and by enema, nasogastric suction, and intravenous fluids. Operation should be avoided if possible, and maintenance treatment with acetylcysteine may be necessary to prevent relapse.
Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in Jamaican schoolchildren
Authors: T. E Forrester, R. J Wilks, F. I Bennett, D. Simeon, C. Osmond, M. Allen, A. P Chung, P. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine relation between schoolchildren9s blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, and cholesterol concentration and their anthropometry, socioeconomic status, and birth measurements. <b>Design</b>: Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b>: 27 schools closest to University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. <b>Subjects</b>: 2337 children aged 6-16 years who were born at university hospital were recruited, and their birth records were recovered: 1610 had suitable records, 659 had records including birth length, and 610 of these were prepubertal. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, serum cholesterol concentration, anthropometry at birth, current anthropometry, and socioeconomic status. <b>Results</b>: Multiple regression analysis showed that children9s systolic blood pressure was inversely related to their birth weight (P&lt;0.0001) and directly related to their current weight. Glycated haemoglobin level was higher in children with thicker triceps skinfolds (P&lt;0.001) and who had been shorter at birth (P=0.003). Serum cholesterol concentration was inversely related to current height (P=0.001) and to length at birth (P=0.09) and was directly related to triceps skinfold thickness and higher socioeconomic status (P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Blood pressure in childhood was inversely related to birth weight and directly to current weight. Glycaemic control and serum cholesterol were related to short length at birth, height deficit in childhood, and childhood obesity.
Release-Dependent Variations in Synaptic Latency: A Putative Code for Short- and Long-Term Synaptic Dynamics
Authors: Sami Boudkkazi, Edmond Carlier, Norbert Ankri, Olivier Caillard, Pierre Giraud, Laure Fronzaroli-Molinieres, Dominique Debanne
Journal: Neuron (2007)
In vivo noninvasive detection and age definition of arterial thrombus by MRI
Authors: Roberto Corti, Julio I. Osende, Zahi A. Fayad, John T. Fallon, Valentin Fuster, Gabor Mizsei, Elisha Dickstein, Burton Drayer, Juan J. Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Recent studies on biomethylation and demethylation of toxic elements.
Authors: W P Ridley, L Dizikes, A Cheh, J M Wood
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Methylcobalamin (methyl-B12) has been implicated in the biomethylation of the heavy metals (mercury, tin, platinum, gold, and thallium) as well as the metalloids (arsenic, selenium, tellurium and sulfur). In addition, methylcobalamin has been shown to react with lead, but the lead-alkyl product is unstable in water. Details of the kinetics and mechanisms for biomethylation of arsenic are presented, with special emphasis on synergistic reactions between metal and metalloids in different oxidation states. This study explains why synergistic, or antagonistic, processes can occur when one toxic element reacts in the presence of another. The relative importance of biomethylation reactions involving methylcobalamin will be compared to those reactions where S-adenosylmethionine is involved.
An Analysis of Time of Presentation After Stroke
Authors: Mark J. Alberts
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The recent development of potential therapies for acute stroke has focused attention on the time delay between stroke onset and presentation. We used the Duke/Veterans Administration stroke registry to collect data about this delay. Results were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test and ridit analysis. Data from 457 patients at two hospitals were used. Only 42% (192/457) of patients presented within 24 hours of stroke onset, while 25% (116/457) presented within 48 hours and 33% (149/457) presented after 48 hours. Presentation time varied significantly with stroke type. A majority of patients with infarcts (64% [176/276]), stroke-in-evolution (54% [44/81]), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (54% [25/46]) did not present within 24 hours of stroke onset. Most patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (63% [34 of 54]) did present within 24 hours. Reasons for this delay may include patients' lack of awareness about the symptoms of stroke and lack of recognition of early signs by medical personnel. Because of this delay in presentation, a majority of patients may not be candidates for some therapies for acute stroke.
Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Russell S. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

POST-MORTEM DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUSOccasionally the medical examiner or the hospital pathologist is required to investigate a case in which the probability of death from diabetic acidosis must be evaluated. Inasmuch as no absolute pathological criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes are available and post-mortem chemistry is subject to somewhat different interpretation than ante-mortem studies, the following items should be considered. Urine Starvation as well as diabetes may produce acetone and other ketone bodies in the urine. The finding of large amounts of ketone bodies substantiates acidosis but not necessarily diabetic acidosis. Sugar determinations on post-mortem urine prior to . . .
Perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis: correlation with rhinologic risk factors
Authors: S Berrettini, A Carabelli, S Sellari‐Franceschini, L Bruschini, F Quartieri, F Sconosciuto, A Abruzzese
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The reported association of allergy and sinusitis varies greatly between study, and the exact role of allergy in predisposing to sinusitis is not clear. We attempted to determine whether patients with perennial allergic rhinitis are at greater risk of developing sinusitis with respect to a control group, and to determine whether there is a correlation between rhinomanometry, endoscopy, and nasal swab, and computed tomography (CT) findings.Forty adult patients with perennial allergic rhinitis underwent CT scans of the paranasal sinuses, and the results were then compared to CTs of the paranasal sinuses of 30 control subjects. All allergic patients underwent nasal endoscopy, nasal swab, and active anterior rhinomanometry, and the results were studied in relation to the CT findings.We found sinusitis in 67.5% of the allergic patients and in 33.4% of the controls, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.017). Twenty-three patients had a positive nasal swab; 22 showed increased nasal resistance on rhinomanometry, and 36 had positive endoscopy, but the association of CT findings with endoscopy, rhinomanometry, or nasal swab was not statistically significant (P = 0.583, P = 1.00, P = 0.506, respectively).Allergic rhinitis is often associated with sinusitis, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be determined. Evidently, factors other than classical pathogen growth and mechanical factors, such as the association of the various factors and immunologic mechanisms, may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis in allergic patients.
Cephalosporin-lnduced Diffuse Pulmonary Inflammation Depicted by Ga-67 Scintigraphy
Authors: ARTHUR Z KRASNOW, MARY MCNAMARA, RASHI AKHTAR, EGIL HOLANDERS, B DAVID COLLIER, ALI T. ISITMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 62-year-old male who was recieving intravenous a caphalosporin antibiotic (ceftriaxone) for sternal osteomyelitis developed respiratory symptoms and diffuse pulmonary uptake of Ga-67 citrate. Repeat exam following discontinuation of the medication revealed a return to normal pulmonary uptake. Ga-67 seems to be an excellent radiopharmaceutical for detecting drug-induced inflammatory reactions in the lungs before chest x-ray and irreversible pathological changes occur.