tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of automatic neonatal brain segmentation algorithms: The NeoBrainS12 challenge
Authors: Ivana Išgum, Manon J.N.L. Benders, Brian Avants, M. Jorge Cardoso, Serena J. Counsell, Elda Fischi Gomez, Laura Gui, Petra S. Hűppi, Karina J. Kersbergen, Antonios Makropoulos, Andrew Melbourne, Pim Moeskops, Christian P. Mol, Maria Kuklisova-Murgasova, Daniel Rueckert, Julia A. Schnabel, Vedran Srhoj-Egekher, Jue Wu, Siying Wang, Linda S. de Vries, Max A. Viergever
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2014)
A Case–Control Study of Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Mark P. Purdue, Berit Bakke, Patricia Stewart, Anneclaire J. De Roos, Maryjean Schenk, Charles F. Lynch, Leslie Bernstein, Lindsay M. Morton, James R. Cerhan, Richard K. Severson, Wendy Cozen, Scott Davis, Nathaniel Rothman, Patricia Hartge, Joanne S. Colt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundPrevious epidemiologic findings suggest an association between exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated solvent primarily used for vapor degreasing of metal parts, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).ObjectivesWe investigated the association between occupational TCE exposure and NHL within a population-based case–control study using detailed exposure assessment methods.MethodsCases (n = 1,189; 76% participation rate) and controls (n = 982; 52% participation rate) provided information on their occupational histories and, for selected occupations, on possible workplace exposure to TCE using job-specific interview modules. An industrial hygienist assessed potential TCE exposure based on this information and a review of the TCE industrial hygiene literature. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating NHL and different metrics of estimated TCE exposure, categorized using tertiles among exposed controls, with unexposed subjects as the reference group.ResultsWe observed associations with NHL for the highest tertiles of estimated average weekly exposure (23 exposed cases; OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1) and cumulative exposure (24 exposed cases; OR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.0–5.0) to TCE. Tests for trend with these metrics surpassed or approached statistical significance (p-value for trend = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively); however, we did not observe dose–response relationships across the exposure levels. Overall, neither duration nor intensity of exposure was associated with NHL, although we observed an association with the lowest tertile of exposure duration (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0–4.7).ConclusionsOur findings offer additional support for an association between high levels of exposure to TCE and increased risk of NHL. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of confounding from other chlorinated solvents used for vapor degreasing and note that our exposure assessment methods have not been validated.
The Molecular Pathogenesis of Corticotroph Tumors
Authors: P. L. M. Dahia, A. B. Grossman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction A. Origin of tumors: hypothalamus vs. pituitary B. Clonality of pituitary tumors II. Protooncogenes III. Tumor Suppressor Genes A. p53 B. p16/CDKN2/MTS1/INK4 and Rb1 C. p27/KIP1/CDKN4 D. MEN1 E. hZAC F. NM23 G. Other tumor suppressor genes IV. Specific Genes A. Regulatory receptor genes B. Cytokines and growth factors C. Developmental genes V. Miscellaneous A. Other genes B. Methylation VI. Perspectives: Old and New Tools for Understanding Pituitary Pathogenesis A. Transgenic/knockout animal models VII. Conclusions
Abstract 1328: Replication inhibition and mutagenicity of 8,5’-cyclopurine-2’-deoxynucleosides in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ashis K. Basu, Vijay P. Jasti, Rajat S. Das, Savithri Weerasooriya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract 8,5’-Cyclopurine-2’-deoxynucleosides are unique tandem DNA lesions formed by oxidation or ionizing radiation, which are repaired only by nucleotide excision repair. They have been suspected to be responsible for neurodegeneration and other diseases. But their replication properties are little studied. In the current work, we have evaluated replication of a pMS2 plasmid containing a single (5's)-8,5’-cyclo-2’-deoxyadenosine (5's-cdA) or (5's)-8,5’-cyclo-2’-deoxyguanosine (5's-cdG) at a preselected site in Escherichia coli. In the wild type E. coli cells, viability of 5's-cdA and 5's-cdG plasmids dropped to approximately 1% and 0.5%, respectively, relative to control. The viability of each was further reduced in pol II-deficient strain, but it was most pronounced in a pol V-deficient strain, where it dropped ten-fold. By contrast, viability increased 4-7-fold in a pol IV-deficient strain. Upon induction of SOS functions, viability increased ten-fold in the wild type strain. Though less pronounced, viability increased in the other strains as well. We conclude that pol V is necessary for translesion synthesis of the cyclopurines and that it may work cooperatively with pol II, which is also needed for bypass. In addition, it appears that although pol IV competes with the other bypass polymerases, it is inefficient in bypassing these lesions. In the absence of SOS, 5's-cdA-to-G mutations occurred at a low frequency, whereas 5's-cdG-to-A events were detected at a much higher frequency. With SOS, 5's-cdA-to-T and 5's-cdG-to-T were also detected. [Supported by NIEHS grant ES-013324] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1328
Effect of Clarithromycin Regimen for <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Complex Pulmonary Disease
Authors: EISAKU TANAKA, TERUMI KIMOTO, KAZUNARI TSUYUGUCHI, ISAO WATANABE, HISAKO MATSUMOTO, AKIO NIIMI, KATSUHIRO SUZUKI, TAKAKO MURAYAMA, RYOICHI AMITANI, FUMIYUKI KUZE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We have investigated the efficacy of a clarithromycin-containing four-drug regimen for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease in 46 patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patients were 14 males and 32 females with a mean age of 60.9 ± 11.5 yr. Patients received 10 mg/kg/d of clarithromycin plus ethambutol, rifampin, and initial kanamycin and subsequent quinolone for 24 mo. Seven patients (15.2%) were dropped in the first 6 mo. Among 39 patients who received more than 6 mo of therapy, 28 patients (71.8%) converted their sputa to negative: 26 of 31 patients (83.9%) infected with clarithromycin-susceptible strains and two of eight patients (25.0%) with resistant or intermediate strains. The timing of sputum conversion was 3.6 ± 1.9 mo, with a range of 2 to 9 mo. The conversion rate was significantly lower in patients who were infected with clarithromycin-resistant or intermediate strains, who had had prior therapy (55.0% versus 89.5%), or who were acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear–positive at entry (60.7% versus 100%). The age and sex of patients, the species of pathogen (M. avium or M. intracellulare), type and extent of the disease, and the use of kanamycin did not significantly affect the conversion rate. Although the regimen was efficacious for newly treated patients, frequent adverse reactions and a low conversion rate of sputum in retreated patients are problems that remain to be solved.
Abstract 5085: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Retired National Football League Players: Implications for Coronary Risk of Large Body Size in Athletes
Authors: Alice Y Chang, Shannon J FitzGerald, John Cannaday, Song Zhang, Amit Patel, M. D Palmer, Arthur J Roberts, Gautham P Reddy, Arthur E Stillman, Warren Janowitz, Nina B Radford, Benjamin D Levine
Journal: Circulation (2008)

A high prevalence of obesity exists among national football league (NFL) players as classified by body mass index (BMI). It has not been established whether this elevated BMI is associated with a greater prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or coronary artery disease in former NFL players as in non-athletes. This study compared CV risk factors and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among retired NFL players versus community controls. The design was a case-control study of retired NFL players against matched controls from the population-based Dallas Heart Study (DHS) and a second physically active sample from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). CV risk factors were assessed by survey and health screening visit. Coronary atherosclerosis was determined with computed tomography measurements of coronary artery calcium (CAC). 201 NFL players completed measurements of CAC. Compared to DHS men, retired NFL players had a significantly lower prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, a sedentary lifestyle and the metabolic syndrome, yet a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and hyperlipidemia. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of positive CAC (46 v 48.3%, p=0.69) or the distribution across subgroups of CAC (0 –10, 10 –100, 100 – 400, 400+, p=0.11) between the retired NFL players and DHS men. These results were not significantly different when controlling for ethnicity or linemen status. When compared to physically active controls (ACLS), retired NFL players had a greater BMI, waist size and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, but no difference in other CV risk factors or CAC scores. Conclusions: Despite their large body size, former NFL players do not have a greater prevalence of CV risk factors or amount of CAC than community controls when matched by BMI and/or age. Age and hyperlipidemia, not body size, were the most significant predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among retired NFL players. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA National Center. CV Risk Factors, Retired NFL Players versus Dallas Heart Study Participants
As Clunkers Die, Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in Chicago Blood Donors Continue to Fall
Authors: Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Carbon monoxide (CO), produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material, is a major air pollutant with well-described adverse effects on human health. In a national survey of the range of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in blood donors representing various segments of the American population conducted in 1970, Stewart et al 1 found a mean COHb level for nonsmokers living in Chicago of 2.04% (90% confidence limits, 1.0% to 3.2%), with 74% having a level in excess of the 1.5% limit of the Air Quality Standards of 1971. By 1974-1975, the mean COHb level for Chicago nonsmokers had fallen to 1.53% (90% confidence limits, 0.7% to 2.4% ), a difference that was statistically significant ( P  2 The greatest reduction in COHb levels occurred in downtown Chicago, the area of highest automobile density, leading the authors to speculate that reduction in CO in automobile exhaust due to emission control laws
Venous air embolism associated with removal of central venous catheter.
Authors: P. Mennim, C. F. Coyle, J. D. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Tumurs <5 cm in diameter and at the anal margin have a more favourable prognosis. PrognosisFor prognostic purposes most information of clinical value is obtained by distinguishing tumours arising at the anal margin from those in the anal canal and separating them into those greater or less than 5 cm in diameter.The tumour is relatively uncommon so there have been relatively few large follow up studies, but the five year survival rate is about 50%.
Treatment of a benign colorectal anastomotic stricture with a biodegradable stent
Authors: E. Toth, J. Nielsen, A. Nemeth, G. Wurm Johansson, I. Syk, P. Mangell, P. Almqvist, H. Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

It is routine practice to use metal stents in the treatment of malign obstructions in the lower gastrointestinal tract [1]. However, metal stents are not suitable for benign conditions. Recently, treatment with biodegradable stents has been implemented for non-malignant diseases in the upper gastrointestinal tract [2] [3], but there is no case in the literature reporting on the use of biodegradable stents for benign conditions in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Here we describe a case with a benign stricture in a colorectal anastomosis, treated with a biodegradable stent.
Results of wearing test with two different latex gloves with and without the use of skin‐protection cream
Authors: X. Baur, Z. Chen, H. Allmers, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth
Journal: Allergy (1998)

A total of 109 subjects reporting symptoms indicating type I hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves was included in this study, and 66 of them had latex‐specific IgE antibodies. They underwent provocation tests by wearing two types of NRL gloves with high (n=103) and low ( n =75) allergen contents. The first glove type caused positive skin reactions in 30% of IgE‐positive and in 3% of IgE‐negative subjects. After application of a commercially available skin protection (barrier) cream, the frequencies of positive skin responses in wearing tests increased to 41% and 7%, respectively. The gloves with low allergen content did not cause hypersensitivity without skin‐protection cream but induced responses in 5% of IgE‐positive subjects when this cream was applied. Corresponding findings were obtained in intraindividual comparisons of test results, which were possible in 69 cases. Of all wearing‐test responders. 92% had latex‐specific IgE antibodies. Our results demonstrate that high allergen contents in latex gloves frequently elicite skin responses in NRL‐sensitized subjects, and that skin‐protection creams may favor the uptake of allergens from gloves, thus increasing allergic reactions. The stipulation of a legally binding threshold limit value (TLV) for allergens in NRL products is urgently needed. This TLV should not be set above 2 ng allergen/g rubber.
Variation in Hospital Mortality Associated with Inpatient Surgery — An S.O.S.
Authors: Danny O. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Health care organizations have appropriately begun to focus increased attention on the quality of medical services they provide to their patients.1 Reports from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have illustrated how frequently errors occur in our hospitals and have outlined many areas in which medical services could be improved. As long as a decade ago, the IOM was emphasizing the urgent need to monitor and improve the quality of health care in our society.2 However, it remains a challenge to decide how quality should best be defined.What is quality? The IOM has suggested that quality of care should reflect . . .
The Distal VH Gene Cluster of the Igh Locus Contains Distinct Regulatory Elements with Pax5 Transcription Factor-Dependent Activity in Pro-B Cells
Authors: Anja Ebert, Shane McManus, Hiromi Tagoh, Jasna Medvedovic, Giorgia Salvagiotto, Maria Novatchkova, Ido Tamir, Andreas Sommer, Markus Jaritz, Meinrad Busslinger
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Distribution of Nanoparticles in the See-through Medaka ( <i>Oryzias latipes</i> )
Authors: Shosaku Kashiwada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Because the environmental fate of manufactured nanoparticles is considered an emerging environmental concern, I used water-suspended fluorescent nanoparticles (solid latex solution) to investigate the distribution of nanoparticles in the eggs and bodies of see-through medaka (Oryzias latipes).Particles 39.4-42,000 nm in diameter were adsorbed to the chorion of medaka eggs and accumulated in the oil droplets; 474-nm particles had the highest bioavailability to eggs. Particles 39.4 nm in diameter shifted into the yolk and gallbladder during embryonic development. Adult medaka accumulated 39.4-nm nanoparticles mainly in the gills and intestine when exposed to a 10-mg/L nanoparticle solution. Nanoparticles were also detected in the brain, testis, liver, and blood. Concentrations of nanoparticles in the blood of male and female medaka were 16.5 and 10.5 ng/mg blood protein, respectively. These results suggest that nanoparticles are capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier and that they eventually reach the brain. Salinity-dependent acute toxicity was observed in medaka eggs exposed for 24 hr to nanoparticles.The bioavailability and toxicity of nanoparticles depend on environmental factors and multiple physicochemical properties. Further studies on the toxic effects of nanoparticles used in commercial products and their environmental relevance, are necessary to define the risks and benefit of nanomaterial applications.
Differential Behavioral Effects of Gonadal Steroids in Women with and in Those without Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Peter J. Schmidt, Lynnette K. Nieman, Merry A. Danaceau, Linda F. Adams, David R. Rubinow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The symptoms of women with premenstrual syndrome improve in response to suppression of ovarian function, although these women have no evidence of ovarian dysfunction. We undertook a study to determine the role of estrogen and progesterone in this syndrome.We first studied the effect of ovarian suppression with leuprolide, an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or placebo on symptoms in 20 women with the premenstrual syndrome. Ten women whose symptoms improved during leuprolide treatment were given estradiol and progesterone in a double-blind, crossover design, each for four weeks, during continued leuprolide administration. Women without premenstrual syndrome (normal women) participated in a similar protocol. Outcomes were assessed on the basis of daily self-reports by the patients and biweekly rater-administered symptom-rating scales.The 10 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given leuprolide had a significant decrease in symptoms as compared with base-line values and with values for the 10 women who were given placebo. The 10 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given leuprolide plus estradiol or progesterone had a significant recurrence of symptoms, but no changes in mood occurred in 15 normal women who received the same regimen or in 5 women with premenstrual syndrome who were given placebo hormone during continued leuprolide administration.In women with premenstrual syndrome, the occurrence of symptoms represents an abnormal response to normal hormonal changes.
Stage I and II Breast Cancer: What Type of Surgery?
Authors: Julian K. Quattlebaum
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Lazovich et al<sup>1</sup>in essence suggest devising methods to force surgeons to use breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rather than mastectomy for stage I and II breast cancer, as recommended by the National Institutes of Health. It strikes me that the thrust of this article is political rather than scientific, and I must wonder if this is a harbinger of the way health care is to be provided in this country in the future. While my intent is not to call into question the erudition of the Consensus Development Conference, given the fact that approximately one third of breasts with stage I and II cancers have occult lesions elsewhere that require therapy, and given the fact that the actuarial recurrence rate in breasts treated by lumpectomy and radiation (BCS) is 16% at 10 years, it has occurred to me and many of my colleagues that a treatment that
LEPRA, PSORIASIS, OR THE WILLAN-PLUMBE SYNDROME?
Authors: BRIAN RUSSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1950)

Journal Article LEPRA, PSORIASIS, OR THE WILLAN‐PLUMBE SYNDROME? Get access BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. BRIAN RUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 62, Issue 9, 1 September 1950, Pages 358–361, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1950.tb15477.x Published: 01 September 1950
Another Retroviral Disease of the Nervous System
Authors: Bruce J. Brew, Richard W. Price
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

ON the basis of studies in animal models it has been known for some time that retroviruses can cause central nervous system infection and chronic neurologic disease. Indeed, one of the prototypic "slow" infections of the brain providing the basis for Sigurdsson's pioneering concept in the 1950s is now known to be caused by a retrovirus, visna virus.1 However, only within the past three years has it been demonstrated that this group of RNA viruses, classified according to their capacity to produce a DNA provirus copy of their genome in the infected cell (reverse transcription), can cause similar diseases in . . .
On-line 3-D reconstruction of 2-D intravascular ultrasound images during balloon angioplasty: Clinical application in patients undergoing percutaneous balloon angioplasty
Authors: Kenneth Rosenfield, Douglas W. Losordo, Paul Palefski, R.Eugene Langevin, Syed Razvi, Daria Majzoubi, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Interinstitutional Variation in Management Decisions for Treatment of 4 Common Types of Cancer
Authors: Jane C. Weeks, Hajime Uno, Nathan Taback, Gladys Ting, Angel Cronin, Thomas A. D'Amico, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Deborah Schrag
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: When clinical practice is governed by evidence-based guidelines and there is consensus about their validity, practice variation should be minimal. For areas in which evidence gaps exist, greater variation is expected. Objective: To systematically assess interinstitutional variation in management decisions for 4 common types of cancer. Design: Multi-institutional, observational cohort study of patients with cancer diagnosed between July 2006 through May 2011 and observed through 31 December 2011. Setting: 18 cancer centers participating in the formulation of treatment guidelines and systematic outcomes assessment through the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Patients: 25 589 patients with incident breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Measurements: Interinstitutional variation for 171 binary management decisions with varying levels of supporting evidence. For each decision, variation was characterized by the median absolute deviation of the center-specific proportions. Results: Interinstitutional variation was high (median absolute deviation >10%) for 35 of 171 (20%) oncology management decisions, including 9 of 22 (41%) decisions for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 16 of 76 (21%) for breast cancer, 7 of 47 (15%) for lung cancer, and 3 of 26 (12%) for colorectal cancer. Forty-six percent of high-variance decisions involved imaging or diagnostic procedures and 37% involved choice of chemotherapy regimen. The evidence grade underpinning the 35 high-variance decisions was category 1 for 0%, 2A for 49%, and 2B/other for 51%. Limitation: Physician identifiers were unavailable, and results may not generalize outside of major cancer centers. Conclusion: The substantial variation in institutional practice manifest among cancer centers reveals a lack of consensus about optimal management for common clinical scenarios. For clinicians, awareness of management decisions with high variation should prompt attention to patient preferences. For health systems, high variation can be used to prioritize comparative effectiveness research, patient–provider education, or pathway development. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute and National Comprehensive Cancer Network.