tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Nicotine Transdermal Patch: A Cautionary Note
Authors: Glen D. Morgan, Victor G. Villagra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 March 1992The Nicotine Transdermal Patch: A Cautionary NoteGlen D. Morgan, PhD, Victor G. Villagra, MDGlen D. Morgan, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, Victor G. Villagra, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-424_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The nicotine transdermal patch, the newest pharmacologic adjunct for smoking cessation, has recently been introduced in the United States. Two recent reviews of this product concluded that it is effective (1, 2). The reviewers raised concerns about its long-term effectiveness and the generalizability of results (1), and they pointed out the importance of concomitant behavioral modification (2). Based on our experience with nicotine gum, we would add an additional concern: its potential for misuse.The results of early nicotine gum trials raised unrealistic expectations (3, 4). Nicotine replacement was often overprescribed or used without behavioral modification. Disappointing...References1. Prochazka A. Commentary on "Transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation." ACP J Club. 1991;Nov-Dec:85. (Ann Intern Med. vol 115, suppl 1). Google Scholar TonnesenNorregaardSimonsenSawe PJKU Comment on: . A double-blind trial of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:311-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Schorling J. Commentary on "Transdermal nicotine delivery for smoking cessation." ACP J Club. 1991;Sep-Oct:51. (Ann Intern Med. vol 115, suppl 2). Google Scholar DaughtonHeatlyPrendergast DSJ Comment on: . Effect of transdermal nicotine delivery as an adjunct to low-intervention smoking cessation therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:749-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LamSzeSachsChalmers WPHT. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of nicotine chewing-gum. Lancet. 1987;2:27-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HughesGustKeenanFenwickHealey JSRJM. Nicotine vs placebo gum in general medical practice. JAMA. 1989;261:1300-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FagerstromSchneider KN. Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. J Behav Med. 1989;12:159-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 424-424KeywordsMotivationNicotineSmoking cessation Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is required for maximum elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: S. KONDO, T. KONO, W.R. BROWN, S. PASTORE, R.C. MCKENZIE, D.N. SAUDER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are known to play an important role in cell‐mediated immunity and inflammation. To investigate the importance of one of the CAMs, lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a specific anti‐LFA‐1 monoclonal antibody was injected into the ears of mice after sensitization but prior to challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). BALB/c mice were sensitized on the dorsal skin with DNFB, and challenged on the ears 6 days later. The effect of the antibody on the elicitation phase of contact sensitization was determined by its intradermal injection into the pinnae of the mice at doses of 1–40μg. At 24 and 48 h after challenge, ear swelling was dose‐dependently suppressed by injection of LFA‐1 antibody at doses of 2–40 μg, which are less than 10% of the systemic dose required for effective suppression of delayed‐ type hypersensitivity in previous studies. Maximal inhibition of ear swelling (44%) was observed after injection of 20 μg of anti‐LFA‐1 antibody. Inhibition of ear swelling was accompanied by a reduction in dermal oedema and leucocyte infiltration into the dermis. Our results suggest that LFA‐1 plays a significant role in the elicitation of ACD reactions, and also that our test system is a sensitive and useful means of evaluating the blocking effect of antibody to adhesion molecules thought to be involved in the elicitation phase of ACD.
Fraud, Irresponsible Authorship, and Their Causes
Authors: ROBERT G. PETERSDORF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Using a recent case of research fraud as a basis, this article examines the pathogenesis of fraud in medical science and suggests some remedies. Among causative factors are the "pre-med syndrome," the extraordinary size of science (which makes supervision of young investigators difficult), and competition, both professional and economic. Remedies include more careful selection of personnel, reduction of excessively large research groups, and closer examination of work at all levels--the laboratory, the academic department, and the institution. Each institution should have in place mechanisms to investigate research fraud when it is uncovered.
Mononeuritis multiplex associated with prolonged vancomycin treatment.
Authors: G Leibowitz, D Golan, D Jeshurun, M Brezis
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the meninges and abducens nerve on its long intracranial course.The sixth nerve occupies a superficial position in relation to the fourth ventricle, which communi- cates directly through the foramina of Magendie and Luschka with the subarachnoid space.Dye studies have shown that agents introduced into the spinal canal frequently reach the medulla, which may explain the peculiar affinity of the sixth nerve to palsy.4The contrast agents introduced in the procedure of myelography have a toxicity of their own, and the incidence of cranial nerve palsy is higher than after merely dural puncture.5This may be due to a previously unreported direct neurotoxicity of the contrast agent iopamidol itself.1 Lamb IT.Iohexol versus lopamidol for myelography.
Pancreatic Amylase and Lipase Plasma Concentrations Are Unaffected by Increments in Endogenous GLP-1 Levels Following Liquid Meal Tests
Authors: David P. Sonne, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. Knop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Recent findings have suggested that incretin-based therapies promote pancreatic inflammation and possibly cell proliferation within the endocrine and exocrine pancreas (1). However, these studies have been met with substantive criticism based on technical and methodical issues (2). Nevertheless, incretin-based therapies seem to result in small increases (within normal range) in plasma concentrations of amylase and lipase in patients receiving these treatments. For example, in the SCALE Maintenance study (3), which examined the efficacy of high-dose liraglutide (3.0 mg once daily) for maintenance of weight loss achieved with low-calorie diet in obese/overweight individuals without diabetes, median lipase concentration was increased throughout the treatment period. The nature of the increase in amylase and lipase concentrations in patients receiving incretin-based therapies is at present not known. It has been speculated that elevated GLP-1 receptor agonist concentrations may be the direct cause. Interestingly, it has never been shown whether plasma concentrations of pancreas-specific …
Sn-protoporphyrin blocks the increase in serum bilirubin levels that develops postnatally in homozygous Gunn rats.
Authors: T R Sisson, G S Drummond, D Samonte, R Calabio, A Kappas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Administration of Sn-protoporphyrin to Gunn rats that are characterized by a genetically determined absence of UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity for bilirubin, 24-30 h after birth, prevented the marked increase in serum bilirubin concentration that occurs in these animals in the postnatal period. A second administration of Sn-protoporphyrin at day 6 maintained serum bilirubin levels in the neonates at the initial level for an additional 6 d. In contrast, in untreated Gunn neonates, serum bilirubin levels increased substantially as expected during the immediate 2-wk period after birth. Studies in adult Gunn rats demonstrated that Sn-protoporphyrin administration diminished biliary bilirubin output, decreased tissue heme oxygenase activity, and did not alter hepatic cytochrome P450 levels. These findings raise the possibility that Sn-protoporphyrin may prove clinically useful in maintaining low levels of serum bilirubin in congenitally jaundiced individuals, such as patients with the Crigler-Najjar syndrome.
Bone marrow stem and progenitor cell contribution to neovasculogenesis is dependent on model system with SDF-1 as a permissive trigger
Authors: Gerard J. Madlambayan, Jason M. Butler, Koji Hosaka, Marda Jorgensen, Dongtao Fu, Steven M. Guthrie, Anitha K. Shenoy, Adam Brank, Kathryn J. Russell, Jaclyn Otero, Dietmar W. Siemann, Edward W. Scott, Christopher R. Cogle
Journal: Blood (2009)
Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Hypertension and Renal Disease in the Elderly
Authors: James F. Burris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 September 1993Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Hypertension and Renal Disease in the ElderlyJames F. Burris, MDJames F. Burris, MDGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00052 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hypertension and Renal Disease in the ElderlyManuel Martinez-Maldonado; ed. 368 pages. Boston: Blackwell; 1992. $79.95.Why would one writeor reada book about hypertension and renal disease in the elderly? Dr. Manuel Martinez-Maldonado has assembled a distinguished cadre of more than 30 authors to produce a 22-chapter text on these subjects. Individual chapters are outstanding, but the book as a whole lacks the unifying purpose and focus needed to answer that why question.Hypertension and Renal Disease in the Elderly falls into two equal parts: The first 11 chapters cover hypertension in the elderly, and the remaining chapters cover renal disease. The principal ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 445-446KeywordsDrug therapyElderlyHealth careHypertensionKidneysPharmacokineticsPrimary care physiciansRenal diseasesRenal failureUrinary tract infections ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
99mTc-Oxidronate Uptake Within Urothelial Carcinoma Confirmed With SPECT/CT Imaging
Authors: Ryan D. Niederkohr, Edison Chiu, Jed A. Katzel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 63-year-old woman with recurrent urothelial carcinoma was referred for skeletal scintigraphy to evaluate for osseous metastatic disease. The bone scan showed no osseous metastatic disease, but did show intense focal radiotracer accumulation along the left aspect of the urinary bladder. SPECT/CT images localized this uptake to a calcified bladder wall mass corresponding with the biopsy-proven (via cystoscopy) recurrent tumor. This case demonstrates that (a) some tumors may accumulate radionuclide bone tracer, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation of nonosseous structures during bone scan interpretation; (b) SPECT/CT is useful for clarifying potentially confusing findings and preventing misdiagnosis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Epiretinal Membranes in a Multi-Ethnic United States Population
Authors: Ching Hui Ng, Ning Cheung, Jie Jin Wang, Amirul F.M. Islam, Ryo Kawasaki, Stacy M. Meuer, Mary Frances Cotch, Barbara E.K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Basal Cell Carcinoma and Its Development
Authors: Mariateresa Mancuso, Simonetta Pazzaglia, Mirella Tanori, Heidi Hahn, Paola Merola, Simonetta Rebessi, Michael J. Atkinson, Vincenzo Di Majo, Vincenzo Covelli, Anna Saran
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Loss-of-function mutations in Patched (Ptch1) are implicated in constitutive activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway in human basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and inherited Ptch1 mutations underlie basal cell nevus syndrome in which a typical feature is multiple BCC occurring with greater incidence in portals of radiotherapy. Mice in which one copy of Ptch1 is inactivated show increased susceptibility to spontaneous tumor development and hypersensitivity to radiation-induced tumorigenesis, providing an ideal in vivo model to study the typical pathologies associated with basal cell nevus syndrome. We therefore examined BCC development in control and irradiated Ptch1neo67/+ mice. We show that unirradiated mice develop putative BCC precursor lesions, i.e., basaloid hyperproliferation areas arising from both follicular and interfollicular epithelium, and that these lesions progress to nodular and infiltrative BCCs only in irradiated mice. Data of BCC incidence, multiplicity, and latency support the notion of epidermal hyperproliferations, nodular and infiltrative BCC-like tumors representing different stages of tumor development. This is additionally supported by the pattern of p53 protein expression observed in BCC subtypes and by the finding of retention of the normal remaining Ptch1 allele in all nodular, circumscribed BCCs analyzed compared with its constant loss in infiltrative BCCs. Our data suggest chronological tumor progression from basaloid hyperproliferations to nodular and then infiltrative BCC occurring in a stepwise fashion through the accumulation of sequential genetic alterations.
SIMPLE CATARACT EXTRACTION AND SOME THOUGHTS ON PROLAPSUS OF THE IRIS.
Authors: BOERNE BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Since the introduction of Daviel's flap operation for cataract in 1748, numerous methods for the extraction of opaque lenses have been introduced, modified and abandoned. The innovation of antisepsis was followed by the rejection of Graefe's modified linear extraction and the re-introduction of the corneal flap. Most of the leading oculists the world over, now make the corneal incision either within the corneo-scleral margin or at the limbus. The important question which has interested oculists with reference to cataract extraction since 1888 is whether to do the simple extraction or the combined operation. The war has been waged fierce and hot. The literature on the subject is extensive. The annals devote separate chapters to the discussion of the two methods. After these years of probation some authorities who first advocated simple extraction have returned to that first love and do an iridectomy. Foremost among these stands Stellwag von Carion. Such
1101-45 Contribution of stent underexpansion to target lesion revascularization after sirolimus-eluting stenting for in-stent restenosis
Authors: Kenichi Fujii, Yoshio Kobayashi, Gary S Mintz, Hideo Takebayashi, Takenori Yasuda, David Jacoboff, Issam Moussa, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Alexandra Lansky, Edward Kreps, Michael Collins, Gregg W Stone, Martin B Leon, Jeffrey W Moses
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Zonal heterogeneity of the effects of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Manuel Guzman, José Castro
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were isolated from rats fed a high-fat, ethanol-containing diet to investigate the acinar heterogeneity of the effects of prolonged ethanol administration on lipid metabolism. Chronic feeding of ethanol caused a rather selective accumulation of triacylglycerols in the perivenous zone of the liver. In control animals the rate of lipogenesis and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase were higher in perivenous than in periportal hepatocytes, whereas the rate of fatty acid oxidation and the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I were higher in periportal than in perivenous cells; however, no zonation was evident for very-low-density-lipoprotein-lipid secretion. Prolonged ethanol administration abolished the zonal asymmetry of the lipogenic process and inverted the acinar distribution of the fatty acid—oxidative process (i.e., in ethanol-fed animals the rate of fatty acid oxidation and the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I were higher in perivenous than in periportal hepatocytes). Moreover, chronic feeding of ethanol led to a marked and selective inhibition of very-low-density-lipoproteintriacylglycerol secretion by the perivenous zone of the liver. Nevertheless, no zonal differences were observed between control and ethanol-fed animals with respect to the effects of acute doses of ethanol and acetaldehyde on lipid metabolism. In conclusion, our results show that chronic ethanol intake produces important alterations in the acinar distribution of the different fatty acid—metabolizing pathways. (HEPATOLOGY 1990; 12:1098-1105).
Television Viewing and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Anders Grøntved
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Prolonged television (TV) viewing is the most prevalent and pervasive sedentary behavior in industrialized countries and has been associated with morbidity and mortality. However, a systematic and quantitative assessment of published studies is not available.<h3>Objective</h3>To perform a meta-analysis of all prospective cohort studies to determine the association between TV viewing and risk of type 2 diabetes, fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.<h3>Data Sources and Study Selection</h3>Relevant studies were identified by searches of the MEDLINE database from 1970 to March 2011 and the EMBASE database from 1974 to March 2011 without restrictions and by reviewing reference lists from retrieved articles. Cohort studies that reported relative risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest were included.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Data were extracted independently by each author and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random-effects model.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>Of the 8 studies included, 4 reported results on type 2 diabetes (175 938 individuals; 6428 incident cases during 1.1 million person-years of follow-up), 4 reported on fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease (34 253 individuals; 1052 incident cases), and 3 reported on all-cause mortality (26 509 individuals; 1879 deaths during 202 353 person-years of follow-up). The pooled relative risks per 2 hours of TV viewing per day were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.14-1.27) for type 2 diabetes, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06-1.23) for fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular disease, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07-1.18) for all-cause mortality. While the associations between time spent viewing TV and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were linear, the risk of all-cause mortality appeared to increase with TV viewing duration of greater than 3 hours per day. The estimated absolute risk differences per every 2 hours of TV viewing per day were 176 cases of type 2 diabetes per 100 000 individuals per year, 38 cases of fatal cardiovascular disease per 100 000 individuals per year, and 104 deaths for all-cause mortality per 100 000 individuals per year.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Prolonged TV viewing was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.
Improving Survival From Intentional Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Lenworth M. Jacobs, Karyl J. Burns
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Dental health and acute myocardial infarction: Author's reply
Authors: K. J Mattila
Journal: BMJ (1989)

incidence of myocardial infarction are related to social class.It would have been sensible to match cases and controls for social class as well as for age and sex.Dr Mattila and colleagues went to great lengths to discount social class as a confounding variable, including the use of logistic regression, but they did not include a table to compare the dental indexes for cases and controls within each social class, which would have been very informative.The two methods of assessing dental health are innovative, to say the least, and neither is referenced.The total dental index and the pantomography index included measurements of both caries and periodontal disease.It is more appropriate and more usual to examine for factors associated with caries, a disease predominantly related to diet, with the DMF (delayed, missing, and filled teeth) index,2 and to measure periodontal disease, traditionally related to oral hygiene and age, with the community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN index).'Whatever index ofdental health is used, it should have been applied by. a single, blinded observer.There are also several misuses of statistics in the paper.Dr Mattila and colleagues claimed that the "high correlation" (r=069) between the pantomography index (which was assessed blind) and the total dental index (which was not) suggests that the total dental index assessment was not biased.The use of correlation is not appropriate in this context,4 nor in assessing the strength of the association between the total dental index and a discrete variable such as social class.In view of these.design flaws, we remain unconvinced of the clinical relevance of the observed association between poor dental health and myo- cardial infarction, which can probably be explained by study bias or, more possibly, by the known association of low social class with both disorders.
Indeterminate third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Jérôme Lamoril, Françoise Lunel, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Christine Defer, Pascale Loiseau, Jean-Jacques Lefrère, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Patrick Marcellin, Françoise Bouchardeau, Marc Bogard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)