tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinodactyly Deformity Simulating Trisomy-18 Hand Malformation
Authors: Joseph M. Delgado
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In trisomy-18 syndrome the hand has a characteristic deformity. There is flexion of the fingers with overriding and medial deviation of the index and little fingers. The dermatoglyphics in these individuals is characterized by a high percentage of arches. A child had a hand deformity closely simulating that seen in trisomy-18 and an increased number of arches, but there were no other congenital defects and no chromosomal changes. The presence of a similar defect in the mother suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 6-week-old female child had the hand changes shown in Fig 1 and 2. There was clinodactyly of the index and fifth fingers which caused them to deviate medially and overlap the ring and middle fingers. The child could freely extend the fingers (Fig 2) indicating an absence of flexion contractures. The manner in which this deformity mimics that
111 In-Chloride Visualization of Soft Tissue Component of Bone Sarcomas
Authors: SALVATORE DeLUCA, FRANK P. CASTRONOVO, MAJIC S. POTSAID
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

DeLUCA, SALVATORE M.D.*; CASTRONOVO, FRANK P. Ph.D.†; POTSAID, MAJIC S. M.D.‡ Author Information
Duke Scandal Highlights Need for Genomics Research Criteria
Authors: M. Goozner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

In the wake of Duke University’s decision to cancel three cancer trials that used faulty gene-array screening tests to drive therapy, federal officials are stepping up efforts to educate researchers about when to seek regulatory approval before using experimental genomic and proteomic microarray tests in clinical trials. A Duke scientist involved in the trials told an Institute of Medicine panel in late March that the university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) thought it wasn’t necessary to seek an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before starting the trials, even though they used the tests to determine treatment choices and stratify patients. The National Cancer Institute will hold a two-day workshop in late June on criteria for using “‘omics-based predictors in clinical trials” where the FDA will outline the regulatory requirements for genomic and proteomic testing. The regulatory agency spelled out the requirements in a Draft Guidance on In Vitro
Carrier design: cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of synthetic branched polypeptides with poly(L-lysine) backbone
Authors: F. Hudecz, D. Gaál, I. Kurucz, Á. Lányi, A.L. Kovács, G. Mezö, É. Rajnavölgyi, M. Szekerke
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1992)
Determinants of the Increasing Cesarean Birth Rate
Authors: Geoffrey M. Anderson, Jonathan Lomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We analyzed the records of 454,668 births in Ontario in the years 1979 to 1982 and found that the cesarean birth rate increased from 16.5 per hundred deliveries in 1979 to 18.7 in 1982. Cesarean births were classified according to four indications: previous cesarean birth, breech presentation, dystocia, and fetal distress. The increase in the cesarean rate for each indication from 1979 to 1982 was calculated and expressed as a percentage of the total rate increase. Previous cesarean births accounted for 68 per cent of the increase, breech presentation for 14 per cent, dystocia for 4 per cent, and fetal distress for 14 per cent. The impact of previous cesarean births was indicated by an increase in the number of women presenting with this indication--from 5.8 to 7.8 per cent of all deliveries. Although the incidence of breech presentation remained stable, the cesarean birth rate increased from 54.8 to 65 per cent for this indication. There were no marked changes in either the incidence of or cesarean rates for dystocia. The incidence of fetal distress doubled (2.4 to 4.7 per cent of deliveries), but the rate of cesarean births in these cases fell from 50.5 to 32.7 per cent. These findings suggest that physicians may have begun to respond to rising professional and public concern over the increasing cesarean birth rate, but major advances in controlling this rate can be achieved only by addressing the question of vaginal deliveries for some patients who have previously had cesarean section.
JAMA 75 YEARS AGO
Authors: R. L. Larsen
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: findings of national cohort study.
Authors: C M Verity, E M Ross, J Golding
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To study outcome after lengthy febrile convulsions and status epilepticus in children. DESIGN--Population based birth cohort study. SETTING--The child health and education study (16,004 neonatal survivors born in one week in April 1970). SUBJECTS--Information available for 14,676 children. OUTCOME MEASURES--Clinical information and tests of intellectual performance at five and 10 years after birth. RESULTS--19 children had lengthy febrile convulsions and 18 had status epilepticus. Two children with status epilepticus died (one at 5 years old); neither death was directly due to the status epilepticus. Four of the 19 (21%) developed afebrile seizures after lengthy febrile convulsions compared with 14 of the 17 (82%) survivors after status epilepticus. Measures of intellectual performance were available for 33 of the 35 survivors: 23 were normal and 10 were not normal but eight of them had preceding developmental delay or neurological abnormality. CONCLUSION--The outcome in children after lengthy febrile convulsions and status epilepticus is better than reported from studies of selected groups and seems determined more by the underlying cause than by the seizures themselves.
T cell receptor-independent immunosuppression induced by dexamethasone in murine T helper cells.
Authors: M R Sierra-Honigmann, P A Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The immune and inflammatory responses are largely inhibited by glucocorticosteroids. In thymocytes, for example, glucocorticosteroids cause apoptosis, whereas they suppress the activity of phospholipase A2 and the production of eicosanoids in tissues actively engaged in inflammation. The immunosuppressive action of dexamethasone (DEX) was studied in vitro by employing a model cell system, namely the murine Th2 clone D10.G4.1 (D10) and its clonotypic anti-T cell receptor (TCR) mAb 3D3. Although the proliferative response of D10 cells to 3D3 stimulation was not affected by DEX, the costimulation provided by IL-1 was dramatically inhibited. Substitution of 3D3 by exogenous IL-4 (as the IL-1 costimulant) failed to prevent the inhibition of proliferation caused by DEX. Yet, when 3D3-mediated stimulation of TCR was supplemented with IL-2, D10 cells were capable of proliferating, even in the presence of DEX. Thus, TCR stimulation on D10 cells remained intact and their resulting propagation was not compromised by DEX treatment. These results provide evidence that immunosuppression caused by DEX is TCR independent and involves an early cytokine-signalling event.
THE USE OF INDIUM-111 LABELED LYMPHOCYTE IMAGING TO EVALUATE GRAFT REJECTION FOLLOWING CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION IN DOGS
Authors: I. Ross McDougall, James H. McKillop, John Wallwork, Bruce A. Reitz, Margaret E. Billingham, Richard Miller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

McDougall, I. Ross; McKillop, James H.; Wallwork, John; Reitz, Bruce A.; Billingham, Margaret E.; Miller, Richard Author Information
Euthanasia campaigner to stand in byelection
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A doctor who is a leading supporter of voluntary euthanasia is standing as an independent candidate in a London byelection in Kensington and Chelsea to campaign for legislation on living wills (advance directives on medical treatment).

Michael Irwin, a former medical director of the United Nations and vice chairman of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society, will be campaigning in the byelection caused by the death of the Conservative MP Alan Clark.

Election rules allow candidates to post a leaflet free of charge to each household in the constituency, saving about £12000 ($19200) on postal costs to the …
Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila.
Authors: F H Sobels, E Vogel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Drosophila offers many advantages for the detection of mutagenic activity of carcinogenic agents. It provides the quickest assay system for detecting mutations in animals today. Its generation time is short, and Drosophila is cheap and easy to breed in large numbers. The simple genetic testing methods give unequivocal answers about the whole spectrum of relevant genetic damage. A comparison of the detection capacity of assays sampling different kinds of genetic damage revealed that various substances are highly effective in inducing mutations but do not produce chromosome breakage effects at all, or only at much higher concentrations than those required for mutation induction. Of the different assay systems available, the classical sex-linked recessive lethal test deserves priority, in view of its superior capacity to detect mutagens. Of practical importance is also its high sensitivity, because a large number of loci in one fifth of the genome is tested for newly induced forward mutations, including small deletions. The recent findings that Drosophila is capable of carrying out the same metabolic activation reactions as the mammalian liver makes the organism eminently suitable for verifying results obtained in prescreening with fast microbial assay systems. An additional advantage in this respect is the capacity of Drosophila for detecting short-lived activation products, because intracellular metabolic activation appears to occur within the spermatids and spermatocytes.
Functional Conservation of Both CDS- and 3′-UTR-Located MicroRNA Binding Sites between Species
Authors: Guojing Liu, Rui Zhang, Jin Xu, Chung-I Wu, Xuemei Lu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate gene regulation posttranscriptionally through pairing of their seed (2-7 nt) to 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) or coding regions (coding sequences [CDSs]) of their target genes. CDS target sites generally show weaker repression effects than 3'-UTR sites. However, little is known about the conservation of the function, that is, repression effect, for these two groups of target sites. In addition, no systematic analysis of the evolutionary constraint on CDS sites exists to date. To address these questions, we performed RNA-sequencing to quantify the regulatory effect of miR-15a/miR-16 and miR-92a on their CDS and 3'-UTR targets in human and macaque cells. These miRs were knocked down transiently so the repression effect could be tracked immediately. Although on average CDS targets are less derepressed than 3'-UTR targets in both species, both the 3'-UTR targets and the CDS targets are functionally conserved. The evolutionary analysis of miRNA target sites shows that CDS sites are more conserved than nontarget control, albeit to a lesser extent than 3'-UTR sites. In conclusion, CDS target sites are functional, even though they are subject to less functional constraint than 3'-UTR target sites.
Distribution of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor protein and mRNA in the normal rat kidneys
Authors: Takahiko Nakagawa, Yoneko Hayase, Masakiyo Sasahara, Masakazu Haneda, Ryuichi Kikkawa, Shigeki Higashiyama, Naoyuki Taniguchi, Fumitada Hazama
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Typhoid Fever in Camp.
Authors: Solomon Solis-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Philadelphia, July 22, 1900. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Referring to the correspondence between Dr. Vaughan and Dr. F. R. Packard, in which my name occurs as an authority for the statement concerning the absence of typhoid fever from the camp of Col. Biddle Porter's regiment, I beg to add a word. I pretended at Washington, and pretend now, to no original information on the subject. I cited from memory, with a qualifying phrase as to want of exactness, and an appeal for correction to a fellow member of the Association, the record of this regiment as published by the junior surgeon —Dr. F. R. Packard. This record, as so published, and as repeated by the responsible author in his letter toThe Journal, is admitted by Dr. Vaughan to be correct. In the printed report of the discussion as correctly quoted by Dr. Vaughan, my remarks appear without qualification, and in
Dichloroacetate, a Metabolic Modulator, Prevents and Reverses Chronic Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats
Authors: Evangelos D. Michelakis, M. Sean McMurtry, Xi-Chen Wu, Jason R.B. Dyck, Rohit Moudgil, Teresa A. Hopkins, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Lakshmi Puttagunta, Ross Waite, Stephen L. Archer
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CH-PHT) is associated with suppressed expression and function of voltage-gated K + channels (Kv) in pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and a shift in cellular redox balance toward a reduced state. We hypothesized that dichloroacetate (DCA), a metabolic modulator that can shift redox balance toward an oxidized state and increase Kv current in myocardial cells, would reverse CH-PHT. Methods and Results — We studied 4 groups of rats: normoxic, normoxic+DCA (DCA 70 mg · kg −1 · d −1 PO), chronically hypoxic (CH), and CH+DCA. CH and CH+DCA rats were kept in a hypoxic chamber (10% Fi o 2 ) for 2 to 3 weeks. DCA was given either at day 1 to prevent or at day 10 to reverse CH-PHT. We used micromanometer-tipped catheters and measured hemodynamics in closed-chest rats on days 14 to 18. CH+DCA rats had significantly reduced pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and PA remodeling compared with the CH rats. CH inhibited I K , eliminated the acute hypoxia–sensitive I K , and decreased Kv2.1 channel expression. In the short term, low-dose DCA (1 μmol/L) increased I K in CH-PASMCs. In a mammalian expression system, DCA activated Kv2.1 by a tyrosine kinase–dependent mechanism. When given long-term, DCA partially restored I K and Kv2.1 expression in PASMCs without altering right ventricular pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that the beneficial effects of DCA occur by nonmetabolic mechanisms. Conclusions — DCA both prevents and reverses CH-PHT by a mechanism involving restoration of expression and function of Kv channels. DCA has previously been used in humans and may potentially be a therapeutic agent for pulmonary hypertension.
COMBINED PSYCHOPHARMACEUTICAL TREATMENT IN 460 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: VERONICA M. PENNINGTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

The combination of meprobamate, chlorpromazine, and nialamide appeared to effect the best results. Sixty-one percent of the group on these medicaments were greatly improved. Meprobamate, chlorpromazine, and tofrānil produced the next greatest improvement in 59%; meprobamate and chlorpromazine in 58%. Side effects showed a decreased percentage in multiple medication. This can be partially accounted for by the fact that in the single medication group larger doses were required. The ameliorating effect of meprobamate on side reactions was also considered to be a factor in reducing the side effects by decreasing anxiety, bettering sleep and thereby reducing the amount of phenothiazines necessary for improvement.
Comparison of laboratory tests used for identification of the lupus anticoagulant
Authors: Samuel C. L. Lo, Michael J. Oldmeadow, Margaret A. Howard, Barry G. Firkin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A comparison of the sensitivities of the ten most commonly used tests for the identification of the lupus anticoagulant (LA) and the lupus cofactor phenomenon was undertaken on 18 patients. All investigations, except the cardiolipin‐antibody ELISA assay, were carried out using patient's plasma alone followed by a 1:1 mix with control plasma. Dilution studies (1:3, 1:6, 1:9—patient:control) were also carried out. The kaolin clotting time (KCT) was the only test positive in all patients at all dilutions, while the dilute activated partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (Dil‐APTT) registered 17 of 18 positive at all dilutions. Both the dilute Russell viper venom time (Dil‐RVVT) and the tissue thromboplastin inhibition time (TTI) (1/500 thromboplastin) identified the LA in 17 of 18 patients on initial testing but were less sensitive in the dilution studies. The KCT is not a suitable test for routine laboratory use, as it requires an individual filtration step. Therefore a combination of either the Dil‐APTT or Dil‐RVVT together with the TTI (1/500 dilution thromboplastin) is recommended for routine LA screening, as all patients with LA in this study were identified using these easily automated tests. The lupus cofactor phenomenon was most frequently demonstrated using the Dil‐APTT.
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Hydropneumothorax
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1872)

GENTLEMEN,-I hlave already lectured more than once on the varying phases of the following case as they have presented themselves succes- sively during the life of the patient.I propose now, in the first place, to repeat the sumn and substance of my preceding lectures, and then to describe and commenit upon the mode of dying and the revelations of the dead-house.I use the term hydropneumothorax, in its widest acceptation, to denote the presence of fluid of any kind along with air in the pleural cavity.John Brygenshaw, aged 22, was admitted originally on the I2th of August last, under Dr. Cayley, to whom I am indebted for the pre- liminary notes up to the date of his discharge in October.His own antecedents and his family history were good; his appearance was that of a healthy and well-made man.On admission, the heart was found beating most distinctly in the third right interspace, just beyond the sternum; there was considerable apparent bulging on the left side, which was dull from apex to base, and failed to expand on deep inspiration.The breath-sound was feeble everywhere, quite inaudible towards the base of the lung, fairly blowing at the front apex, where there was comparatively little resonance.August I5th.The left side measured I84 inches, the right I7T. August I7th.Paracentesis was performed by Mr. Hulke between the sixth and severth ribs, and 98 ounces of clear serum, of specific gravity I020, were withdrawn.During the operation, the heart re- turned towards its normal position.August 2Ist.There was fair resonanice in front as far as the fourth rib; in the axilla, to the level of the fifth; and at the back, as far as the angle of the scapula.September i6th.Friction-sounds were audible over the left front.'There was diulness anteriorly below the fourth rib, and posteriorly from the base of the luing up to the middle of the scapula.Over the dull space, the breathingr was feeble and bronchial ; and there was an cgophonic twang with the voice.October 3rd.The patient left the hospital for Eastbourne without any signs of pneumothorax.October 23rd.Ile returned from Eastbourne.He never lost his
Immunofluorescence and histochemical studies of localized cutaneous amyloidosis
Authors: P. NOREN, P. WESTERMARK, G.G. CORNWFLL, WENDY MURDOCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Lichen amyloidosus (LA) and macular amyloidosis (MA) are two forms of localized cutaneous amyloidosis in which the amyloid occurs as larger and smaller deposits respectively in the papillary dermis. The histogenesis of the amyloid of these conditions is unknown. By using an indirect immunofluarescence technique we showed that LA and MA do not react with antibodies against different previously characterized amyloid fibril proteins. These results indicate that the amyloid of LA and MA is different from other known types of amyloid. Protein AP, which was demonstrated in amyloid of MA and LA, is known to be present in all forms of amyloid and is of unknown significance. Antiserum against keratin did not react with the larger homogeneous amyloid bodies, but showed a weak reaction with some small deposits. Histochemical staining failed to show keratin in any of the tissues containing LA or MA.
Psoriasis vulgaris treated successfully with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: None Haufs, None Beissert, None Grabbe, None SchUtte, None Luger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressive drug which non‐competitively and reversibly blocks the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides required for DNA and RNA synthesis during T‐ and B‐cell proliferation. This induces a selective inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. Thus MMF is currently used to prolong graft survival in renal transplant patients. In this communication we describe the first case of a man with severe psoriasis treated successfully with oral MMF without short‐term side‐effects. The psoriasis area and severity index score decreased during therapy (5 weeks) from 22.0 to 11.4. Thus MMF appears to be an effective therapeutic alternative in the treatment of severe psoriasis.
TCT-737 Relationship between post treatment platelet reactivity and ischemic and bleeding events at one year follow-up in acute coronary syndrome patients receiving prasugrel
Authors: Laurent Bonello, Laurence Camoin-jau, Françoise Dignat George, Gilles Lemesle, Luc Maillard, Julien Mancini, Franck Paganelli, Michel Pansieri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)