tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transferable residues from dog fur and plasma cholinesterase inhibition in dogs treated with a flea control dip containing chlorpyrifos.
Authors: J S Boone, J W Tyler, J E Chambers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We studied chlorpyrifos, an insecticide present in a commercial dip for treating ectoparasites in dogs, to estimate the amount of transferable residues that children could obtain from their treated pets. Although the chlorpyrifos dip is no longer supported by the manufacturer, the methodology described herein can help determine transferable residues from other flea control insecticide formulations. Twelve dogs of different breeds and weights were dipped using the recommended guidelines with a commercial, nonprescription chlorpyrifos flea dip for 4 consecutive treatments at 3-week intervals (nonshampoo protocol) and another 12 dogs were dipped with shampooing between dips (shampoo protocol). The samples collected at 4 hr and 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment in the nonshampoo protocol averaged 971, 157, 70, and 26 microg chlorpyrifos, respectively; in the shampoo protocol the samples averaged 459, 49, 15, and 10 microg, respectively. The highest single sample was about 7,000 microg collected at 4 hr. The pretreatment specific activities in the plasma of the dogs were about 75 nmol/min/mg protein for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and 9 nmol/min/mg protein for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). BChE was inhibited 50-75% throughout the study, and AChE was inhibited 11-18% in the nonshampoo protocol; inhibition was not as great in the shampoo protocol. There was no correlation (p<or= 0.05) between length of hair and residues measured that would explain the residue differences among dogs. Transferable residues had largely dissipated during the three weeks after treatment, with the largest decrease occurring during the first week. Greater plasma ChE inhibition was observed at 7 days than at 4 hr, probably reflecting the bioactivation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon. Plasma cholinesterase activity did not return to control levels during the 3-week period. The differences between the shampoo and nonshampoo protocols were explained by differences in the techniques of the dip applicators.
<i>ADAM-33</i>Surfaces as an Asthma Gene
Authors: Steven D Shapiro, Caroline A Owen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A recent study identified ADAM-33 as an asthma gene. ADAMs are a subfamily of metalloproteinases, originally identified as proteins on the cell surface, that have two functional domains, a disintegrin and a metalloprotease domain (hence, the acronym ADAM). The authors speculate on the ways in which an excess or deficiency of ADAM-33 could result in the expression of the asthma phenotype.
Outpatient Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: John P. Swenson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The work of Dr Poretz et al (1982;248:336) is certainly timely in this era of fiscal constraint, well done, and corroborates the earlier work of Stiver and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>Antoniskis and colleagues,<sup>2</sup>and Kind and colleagues.<sup>3</sup>However, all four studies have emanated from large, teaching-affiliated hospitals. Dr Frame, in his editorial (1982;248:356), stated "To make such a program worthwhile to the hospital, an adequate number of patients must be treated to make the effort cost-effective. In the study reported in this issue, 150 patients were treated during a period of 18 months, for an average of two patients per week." "If the number of patients were much smaller, the program would not be cost-effective and thus would be disadvantageous for the hospital to operate." At our 256-bed, nonteaching, primary care hospital, we have not found this idea to be true. We have made a home
HAEMATURIA AS SEEN BY THE SURGEON
Authors: A. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1921)

5. Subglottic cancers are very unpromisina as regards lasting cure by laryngo-fissure.They are frequently associated witlh impaired mobility or complete fixation of a cord.As Regards Operation.1.In every case, however limited tlle growth, the entire vocal cord should be excised from tlle anterior commissure up to and including the vocal process of the arytenoid.2. The growtlh, with as wide a margin as possible of apparently hlealthy tissue all round it, slhould be removed in one mass; tlle excision should tlherefore go down to the lower edge of the subolottic area; above, it should pass tllrough the healthy ventricular band; and externally it must include tlle pericllondrium lining the thyroid ala.3. To facilitate this the thyroid ala slhould be removed so that a larvngo-fissure is really a partial hemi- laryngectomy.
Medical Oncologists' Views on Communicating With Patients About Chemotherapy Costs: A Pilot Survey
Authors: Deborah Schrag, Morgan Hanger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

As chemotherapy costs escalate, financial concerns have become relevant for more cancer patients. Yet, little is known about how oncologists communicate with patients about coping with chemotherapy treatment costs.To understand how medical oncologists view these issues, we developed a survey eliciting their attitudes and behaviors surrounding discussing costs of therapy in the context of treatment decision making. The survey was piloted at a national meeting and then mailed to a random sample of actively practicing 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology members in the 50 United States. Survey items used a 5-point Likert scale designed to elicit oncologists' practices and attitudes regarding discussion of chemotherapy costs with patients. The first survey wave also included two clinical vignettes about hypothetical patients contemplating treatment with high-cost regimens.Of 530 mailed surveys, 167 were returned for an overall response rate of 31.5%. Most oncologists reported knowledge of their patients' financial well-being: 15% all of the time, 39% most of the time, 33% some of the time, and 13% rarely/none of the time. There was substantial variation in oncologists' attitudes toward discussing chemotherapy costs with patients: 42% did so always or most of the time, 32% sometimes did, and 26% rarely or never did. Most oncologists (80%) felt that it was important to be explicit about the impact of treatment choices on patients' finances. However, 20% maintained that costs play no role in clinical encounters, and 31% reported a high degree of discomfort in discussing costs with patients. Referral to support staff for these discussions was common. Only a few oncologists (16%) acknowledged omitting treatment options on the basis of their perceptions of patients' ability to afford treatment.There is important heterogeneity in medical oncologists' attitudes toward discussing chemotherapy treatment costs with patients. Mismatch between physician and patient viewpoints has the potential to result in miscommunication and suboptimally informed treatment decisions.
Role of a neurokinin B receptor antagonist in the regulation of ovarian function in healthy women
Authors: Karolina Skorupskaite, Jyothis George, Richard A Anderson
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

Patients with loss-of-function mutation in neurokinin B (NKB) and its receptor show hypogonadotropic hypogonadism characterised by failure to progress through puberty, indicating the involvement of this newly described hypothalamic peptide in human reproduction. However the role of NKB in regulating ovarian function in adult women is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a NKB antagonist would decrease gonadotropin secretion and inhibit folliculogenesis in healthy women.Six healthy women with regular menstrual cycles were administered the NKB antagonist AZD4901 (AstraZeneca, London, UK) 40 mg orally twice daily for 5 days from cycle days 4-5. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed at the end of drug administration, and serum gonadotropins and oestradiol measured. Cycle-day-matched results were compared with seven women who received no treatment (controls). The study received ethics committee approval, and all women gave written informed consent.The diameter of the largest follicle was significantly smaller in women treated with NKB antagonist than in controls (mean 8·8 mm [SD 1·2] vs 11·9 [2·1], p=0·01). Serum oestradiol concentrations were also significantly reduced in the NKB antagonist group (mean 112·7 pmol/L [SD 56·0] vs 240·1 [73·6], p=0·005): in keeping with this finding endometrial thickness was also reduced (mean 3·5 mm [SD 0·5] vs 6·4 [3·2], p=0·05). Concentrations of luteinising hormone were not significantly altered after 5 days of NKB antagonist (mean pretreatment luteinising hormone 5·2 IU/L [SD 2·1] vs post-treatment 6·7 [3·8], p=0·2) or when compared with control women (6·0 [2·4], p=0·7). One woman had minimal vaginal bleeding; there were no adverse events.We have shown for the first time, to our knowledge, that NKB antagonist is a potent suppressor of follicle development and oestradiol secretion in women. This effect is likely to be mediated by reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and our results support the involvement of NKB in the control of human reproduction: further analysis will explore in detail effects on secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone. Our findings have potential for translational application, for example in endometriosis and contraception.Wellcome Trust through the Scottish Translational and Therapeutics Initiative.
Correlation of HER2/neu antibody response to clinical response in a Phase II trial of the ae37+gm-csf her2 peptide vaccine
Authors: Julia Greene, Erika Schneble, Jonathan Martin, Maddie Flores, Alfred Trappey, John Berry, Timothy Vreeland, Diane Hale, Guy Clifton, Sonia A Perez, Michael Papamichail, George Peoples, Elizabeth Mittendorf, Sathibalan Ponniah
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts We are conducting a Phase II clinical trial of the HER2 peptide vaccine AE37+GM-CSF for prevention of breast cancer recurrence in disease-free, node-positive or high-risk node-negative patients, who have completed standard of care therapy. AE37, an Ii-Key hybrid of the HER2/ neu
COORDINATION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: R. BARDEEN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Medicine may be looked on as an experimental biologic science. It may also be looked on as a social science. Hitherto in discussing problems of medical education our attention has been focused mainly on the relations of medicine to the basal sciences. The entrance requirements to the medical school have been increased chiefly for the purpose of gaining more time for preparation in chemistry, physics and biology. The first reform insisted on in the medical schools was better provision for the basal sciences and for full-time scientists to man them. Most of the money spent in recent years on clinical development has gone into providing laboratory facilities for the clinical branches and for salaries for laboratory trained men to head the clinical work. Flexner's<sup>1</sup>recent scholarly work on medical education takes the subject up largely from the standpoint of laboratory methods applied to medicine. No one disputes the indispensable
Two Cases of Auto-immune Haemolysis and Aplasia
Authors: J. Burston, O. A. N. Husain, M. S. R. Hutt, E. I. Tanner
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MENIERE'S SYNDROME MEDiMI.iMURNAL83 and that pressure in this way is responsible for the sudden distension of the endolymph system in cases of Meniere's syndrome. SummaryReports are given of a number of cases in which a lesion of the stomach or duodenum was associated with Mdni&re's syndrome.The latter usually followed the symptoms of the gastro-intestinal lesions, and onset or exacerbation of the labyrinthine disturbance was associated with increase in those of the gastro-intestinal lesion.Medical or surgical treatment of the latter relieved the symptoms of the former, suggesting the labyrinthine disturbance was secondary.The significance of the observations in relation to the aetiology of Mdniere's syndrome is discussed.
Statin promotes coronary collateral circulation and induces the regression of left ventricular mass in patients with angina
Authors: Shin-ichiro Miura, Hiroaki Nishikawa, Masahiro Fujino, Bo Zhang, Hideki Shimomura, Hidekazu Arai, Akira Kawamura, Yoshihiro Tsuchiya, Kunihiro Matsuo, Keijiro Saku
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Transcriptional control in keratinocytes and fibroblasts using synthetic ligands.
Authors: R A Freiberg, S N Ho, P A Khavari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The skin is an attractive tissue for regulated target gene expression by virtue of its accessibility to topical regulating stimuli. We have used synthetic ligand-driven intracellular oligomerization to accomplish specific target gene regulation in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. GAL4 DNA binding domains and VP16 transactivation domains, each linked to the FK506 binding protein, were expressed in normal human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. These hybrid proteins underwent heterodimerization via the novel intracellular dimerizing agent FK1012 to generate a heterodimeric activator of target gene expression in vitro. Dimeric FK1012, but not monomeric FK506M induced target gene expression in a dose-dependent fashion. FK1012 exerted no detectable nonspecific effects on expression of cutaneous genes and did not alter cellular proliferation kinetics. Controlled oligomerization of hybrid transcription activators offers a potential approach to target gene regulation in cells of normal human skin.
Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Authors: W R Hiatt, J G Regensteiner, M E Hargarten, E E Wolfel, E P Brass
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities have impaired walking ability due to exercise-induced muscle ischemia and the resultant pain of intermittent claudication. To evaluate the benefit of exercise training as a treatment for patients with PAD, as well as possible mechanisms associated with improvement, we randomly assigned 19 men with disabling claudication to treated and control groups. Treatment consisted of supervised treadmill walking (1 hr/day, 3 days/wk, for 12 weeks) with progressive increases in speed and grade as tolerated. Graded treadmill testing was performed to maximal toleration of claudication pain on entry and after 12 weeks of training to define changes in peak exercise performance. After 12 weeks, treated subjects had increased their peak walking time 123%, peak oxygen consumption 30%, and pain-free walking time 165% (all p less than 0.05). Control subjects had no change in peak oxygen consumption, but after 12 weeks, peak walking time increased 20% (p less than 0.05). In treated subjects, maximal calf blood flow (measured by a plethysmograph) increased 38 +/- 45% (p less than 0.05), but the change in flow was not correlated to the increase in peak walking time. Elevated plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with the functional impairment of PAD and may reflect the metabolic state of ischemic skeletal muscle. In treated subjects, a 26% decrease in resting plasma short-chain acylcarnitine concentration was correlated with improvement in peak walking time (r = -0.78, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Roy Austen Glover
Authors: D. R. Glover
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Roy Austen Glover (“Cherry”) was born in Birmingham and educated at King Edward VI Five Ways School, where he was head boy. He started at the local medical school immediately after the second world war, where he met Mary Cooksey, a fellow medical student, who became his future wife. He was known as “Cherry” throughout his time at medical school and for many years thereafter.

The year after qualifying he married Mary and then did his national service, which included rescuing a number of people in the floods in …
P891 FULMINANT PRESENTATION OF AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS: PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND STEROID RESPONSE
Authors: M. Mendizabal, S. Marciano, M.G. Videla, M.M. Anders, A. Zerega, D.C. Balderramo, M.R. Tisi Baña, M. Barrabino, O. Gil, R. Mastai, S. Yantorno, A. Gadano, M.O. Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
INFLUENCE OF SEA-AIR AND SEA-WATER BATHS ON DISEASE.
Authors: W. BLAIR STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The purest air in nature is that found on the high sea after traversing hundreds and thousands of miles of pure sea-water, uncontaminated by smoke, dust, and the exhalations of cities. Saline mists and fogs clarify, purify, ozonize, and vitalize the air. Sea-air is tempered by its surroundings; in summer it is cooled by radiation from the lower water-temperature and in winter warmed by the higher water-temperature. Moisture is also taken up by it and a doubtful infinitesimal per cent, of salt. The so-called trace of iodin is very questionable and can not be positively demonstrated. Sea-air is classed as an alterative by some, but not on account of its supposed iodin. Outside of an island in mid-ocean, Atlantic City is probably situated in the best location for pure sea-air; better than any point on the eastern coast of the United States. Its geographical location is on an island of
Capsaicin in Albino Rats Prevents Contralateral Testis from the Damaging Effects Posed by Ipsilateral Testis That Underwent Torsion
Authors: A. Sarioglu, G. Gedikoglu, M. Bingol-Kologlu, N. B&uuml;y&uuml;kpamuk&ccedil;u, F.C. Tanyel
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Stimulation of water and sodium secretion and inhibition of glucose absorption from the rat jejunum during intraarterial infusions of prostglandins.
Authors: I M Coupar, I McColl
Journal: Gut (1975)

The effect of prostaglandins, isoprenaline and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibut cAMP) on the net transfer of water and Na+ and glucose absorption have been studied in the anaesthetized rat. The lumen of the jejunum was recirculated with a solution of normal saline containing D (+) glucose and phenosulphonphthalein. The superior mesenteric artery was perfused extracorporeally and drugs were infused into the arterial blood. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) at infusion rates of 2-5 X 10(-9) and 10(-8) mol/min induced a net secretion of water and Na+ which was significantly different from the infused control mean. Both water and Na+ secretion were dose-related. PGE1 induced slight but significant inhibition of glucose absorption at 10(-8) mol/min. This could either be a direct effect or secondary to solvent drag. PGE2 (2-5 X 10(-9) mol/min) and PGF2alpha (8 X 10(-9) mol/min) induced water and Na+ secretion, and inhibited glucose absorption but not significantly. Isoprenaline (10(-9) mol/min) and dibut cAMP (8 X 10(-9) mol/min) did not alter water, Na+ or glucose absorption.
A Rogue's Gallery of Medical Manuscripts
Authors: Lawrence d. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Poorly written and executed clinical studies, like boomerangs and bad pennies, turn up just when you think you have gotten rid of them. Fortunately, bad research is usually detected and rapidly rejected by competent medical editors. More dangerous to conscientious physicians wishing to keep abreast of medical developments are the clinical articles artfully crafted to confuse and mislead the reader. On the surface such manuscripts may be attractive, well written, and convincing. Often they are authored by leading clinical researchers with impressive academic affiliations. They may be accepted by prestigious journals. Yet, these articles befuddle clinicians and turn the already confused medical literature into a morass. To alert our readers I have compiled a partial list of the types of identifiable outlaw manuscripts. The CLONE arises from a small part of a large, controlled study. An author uses the same data base to study dozens of closely related questions. Rather
Monitoring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Authors: D. Lyons, C. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> A variety of studies have suggested that low-complexity domains (LCDs) tend to be intrinsically disordered and are relatively rare within structured proteins in the protein data bank (PDB). Although LCDs are often treated as a single class, we previously found that LCDs enriched in different amino acids tend to exhibit substantial differences in protein metabolism and function. Therefore, we wondered whether the structural conformations of LCDs are likewise dependent on which specific amino acids are enriched within each LCD. Here, we directly examined relationships between enrichment of individual amino acids and secondary structure preferences across the entire PDB proteome. Secondary structure preferences varied as a function of the identity of the amino acid enriched and its degree of enrichment. Furthermore, divergence in secondary structure profiles often occurred for LCDs enriched in physicochemically similar amino acids (e.g. valine vs. leucine), indicating that LCDs composed of related amino acids can have distinct secondary structure preferences. Comparison of LCD secondary structure preferences with numerous pre-existing secondary structure propensity scales resulted in relatively poor correlations for certain types of LCDs, indicating that these scales may not capture secondary structure preferences as sequence complexity decreases. Collectively, these observations provide a highly resolved view of structural preferences among LCDs parsed by the nature and magnitude of single amino acid enrichment. <h3>Author Summary</h3> The structures that proteins adopt are directly related to their amino acid sequences. Low-complexity domains (LCDs) in protein sequences are unusual regions made up of only a few different types of amino acids. Although this is the key feature that classifies sequences as LCDs, the physical properties of LCDs will differ based on the types of amino acids that are found in each domain. For example, the sequences “AAAAAAAAAA”, “EEEEEEEEEE”, and “EEKRKEEEKE” will have very different properties, even though they would all be classified as LCDs by traditional methods. In a previous study, we developed a new method to further divide LCDs into categories that more closely reflect the differences in their physical properties. In this study, we apply that approach to examine the structures of LCDs when sorted into different categories based on their amino acids. This allowed us to define relationships between the types of amino acids in the LCDs and their corresponding structures. Since protein structure is closely related to protein function, this has important implications for understanding the basic functions and properties of LCDs in a variety of proteins.