tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Hepatic Visualization During I-131 Imaging for Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: R C ROSENBAUM, G S JOHNSTON, W A VALENTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Sixty-one total body I-131 scans performed on 29 patients who were post-thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of hepatic visualization. The liver was seen in 52% of the patients. Diffuse liver uptake was present on 5 of 38 (13%) diagnostic (10 mCi) scans and on 12 of 23 (52%) post-therapy (80-150 mCi) scans. None of these patients showed clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic metastases during a mean follow-up period of 18 months. We conclude that physiological diffuse liver activity is seen frequently on I-131 total-body scans.
Ricin Poisoning
Authors: Jennifer Audi, Martin Belson, Manish Patel, Joshua Schier, John Osterloh
Journal: JAMA (2005)

concern about ricin, a potent biologic toxin, as a possible terrorist weapon has necessitated a comprehensive review of this poison. 1The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes ricin as a Category B agent (second-highest priority), as it is moderately easy to disseminate, resulting in low mortality but moderate to high morbidity, and requires specific enhancement of the CDC's diagnostic and disease surveillance capacity. 2 Such agents are not routinely encountered, so heightened awareness in the health care community and a strong public health infrastructure are necessary for detection and response.We therefore have summarized the literature on ricin poisoning and provided recommendations for clinicians and public health professionals dealing with a ricin attack against a civilian population. EVIDENCE ACQUISITIONUsing PubMed, we searched MEDLINE and OLDMEDLINE databases from January 1950 to August 2005 using the keywords ricin, ricinus communis, ricinine, plant toxins, castor beans, castor dust, and castor oil.Keywords were used alone and with the modifiers toxicity, poisoning
Abstract 5347: Identification of differentially expressed proteins in breast cancer stem cells using proteomic profiling
Authors: Deepak P. Kanojia, Weidong Zhou, Jiajia Zhang, Pang-Kuo Lo, Jun Zhou, Hexin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are now recognized as pivotal entity in the development and progression of breast cancer. The CSCs are believed to be responsible for recurrence/relapse of cancer because of their ability to resist chemotherapeutic drugs. The present drugs in the clinics predominantly target the highly proliferating cells sparing the slow dividing and resistant cells. If the drugs targeting the cancer stem cells evolve, there is a possibility of eradication of cancer. In this direction it is imperative to understand the fundamental difference between the cancer stem cells and the non cancer stem cells. Hence, a basic understanding of genes expressed in CSCs vs non-CSCs needs to be explored. A large number of high throughput and extensive Micro array studies have been carried out to understand the normal and various breast cancer subtypes however, the RNA profiles does not necessarily match the protein profile, Therefore determination of protein levels is the key to identify the novel targets for cancer stem cells. To address this issue and to identify meaningful targets for breast cancer we have characterized breast cancer stem cells from primary cultures of Her2/Neu transgenic mice. We identified the altered proteins through LC-MS/MS using an LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometer and confirmed those results using quantitative RT-PCR. We further performed insilico analysis, using microarray datasets, for identification of group of genes, which in combination can provide prognostic importance. We identified PTMA, S100A4, S100A6, TNXRD1, COX-1, COX-2 and FTH1 as a group of genes, which in combination were significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. Among these genes FTH1 was identified as a novel protein associated with prognosis of breast cancer, which is overexpressed in enriched breast CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5347. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5347
Natalizumab and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Burt Adelman, Alfred Sandrock, Michael A. Panzara
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The Brief Reports on natalizumab were referred to Biogen Idec, the manufacturer, which offers the following response: After learning of one confirmed and one suspected case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients treated with natalizumab, Biogen Idec and Elan quickly notified the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory authorities. We worked closely with the FDA to understand the significance of these findings and to determine the appropriate action. On February 28, we voluntarily suspended all dosing and marketing of natalizumab; swift and decisive action was guided by our commitment to patient safety. Immediate efforts also included a . . .
Abstract 5542: Chronic TNF-α treatment augments malignant properties of HPV-immortalized oral keratinocytes
Authors: Hannah Hong, Jonathan Akhavan, Reuben Kim, Mo Kang, No-Hee Park, Ki-Hyuk Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract While acute inflammation is a part of the defense response, there have been emerging lines of evidence that suggest a strong link between chronic inflammation and cancer. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infection is one of key factors in cervical cancer development, and possible link between HPV and oral carcinogenesis have been proposed. However, mechanisms by which HPV and chronic inflammation contribute to oral carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chronic inflammation on malignant progression of HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis. We treated HPV-immortalized oral keratinocytes (HOK-16B) with a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α for 4 months and examined the effect of chronic TNF-α treatment on malignant behavior of HOK-16B. Chronic treatment of TNF-α resulted in reduction in differentiation potential, and induction in proliferation potential and in migration ability of the HPV-immortalized oral keratinocytes. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that a subset of genes was significantly downregulated in long-term TNF-α treated cells, and the genes that were involved in differentiation, tumor suppression, and cell-cell junction functions supported the three increased malignant phenotypes, respectively. Our results indicate that chronic inflammation promotes malignant behavior of HPV-immortalized oral keratinocytes, suggesting that chronic inflammation is an important co-carcinogenic factor for HPV-associated oral carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5542. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5542
Proteinuria, a target for renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: Lessons from RENAAL
Authors: Dick de Zeeuw, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Hans-Henrik Parving, William F. Keane, Zhongxin Zhang, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Steve Snapinn, Mark E. Cooper, William E. Mitch, Barry M. Brenner
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Heart lung transplantation in a patient with end stage lung disease due to common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: A T Hill, R A Thompson, J Wallwork, D E Stableforth
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The case history is presented of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency in whom heart lung transplantation has been carried out with success. Transplantation was the only long term therapeutic option in this patient due to the progressive respiratory failure resulting from bronchiectasis, emphysema, and granulomatous lung disease.
P65Myocardial miR-30 down-regulation caused by doxorubicin alters the beta-adrenergic system and mitochondrial death pathways
Authors: L Roca-Alonso, L Castellano, A Mills, S Harding, AR Lyon, J Stebbing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Rationale: The use of anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DOX) has improved mortality and morbidity in cancer patients, yet associated risks of cardiomyopathy have limited their clinical application. DOX-associated cardiotoxicity is frequently irreversible and typically progresses to heart failure (HF). However, our understanding of molecular mechanisms essential for development of cardioprotective strategies and to predict HF remain largely obscure.
Microparticles in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: M VANWIJK, E VANBAVEL, A STURK, R NIEUWLAND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Microparticles are membrane vesicles released from many different cell types. There are two mechanisms that can result in their formation, cell activation and apoptosis. In these two mechanisms, different pathways are involved in microparticle generation. Microparticle generation seems to be a well regulated process. Microparticles vary in size, phospholipid and protein composition. They have a potent pro-inflammatory effect, promote coagulation and affect vascular function. Since these processes are all involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and circulating microparticle numbers are altered in many cardiovascular diseases, a role for microparticles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is likely. Although hard evidence for a role of microparticles in cardiovascular diseases at present is still only limited, new evidence is accumulating rapidly to support this theory. Elucidation of the microparticle composition and the mechanisms involved in exertion of their effects will supply this evidence and enable us to develop additional intervention strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Hypercalcemia Associated with Increased Serum Calcitriol Levels in Three Patients with Lymphoma
Authors: NEIL A. BRESLAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

A radioreceptor assay for serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) was used to screen patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy. Three patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hypercalcemia (serum Ca, 12.0, 13.4, and 13.0 mg/dL, respectively) had increased serum calcitriol levels (56, 72, and 77 pg/mL, respectively; normal, < 50 pg/mL). Elevated levels of calcitriol, an active vitamin D metabolite, occurred in the presence of significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance, 8 to 19 mL/min) and relative parathyroid suppression (serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, 17 to 39 µL-eq/ mL; mean value in end-stage renal disease, 182 ± 39 µLeq/mL). Hypercalcemia and excessive serum calcitriol levels responded to glucocorticosteroid therapy. In two patients, the hypercalcemia and increased serum calcitriol level were related to a tumor, but not to the serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level. Fractional intestinal 47Ca absorption, measured in one patient, was increased (0.94; normal, < 0.61) and varied directly with the serum calcitriol level. No patient had evidence of sarcoidosis. Hypercalcemia associated with certain lymphomas may be caused by the increased synthesis of calcitriol by lymphoma cells.
Intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Authors: P. Kendall-Taylor, A. L. Crombie, A. M. Stephenson, M. Hardwick, K. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Eleven euthyroid patients with severe Graves' eye disease were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and followed up for six months or more by ophthalmological assessment, orbital computed tomography (CT), photographs, and antibody measurements. Papilloedema resolved in the single patient in whom it was present; visual acuity was abnormal in seven eyes initially and in only one eye after treatment; the intraocular pressure differential, which reflects muscle dysfunction, was initially abnormal in 18 eyes but showed a progressive and distinct improvement; nine patients showed substantial improvement in inflammatory signs. Exophthalmos improved early after treatment, but this improvement was not maintained. Orbital CT showed a pronounced reduction in the bulk of eye muscles after treatment in eight of nine patients. Autoantibodies to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor declined. Adverse effects were trivial. Thus eight patients showed a clear response to intravenous methylprednisolone as judged by ophthalmic assessment and CT scan. The two patients who showed little response and one who had none all had a long history (more than a year) of ophthalmopathy. Results were better than those with oral steroids and adverse effects less. Treatment of Graves' eye disease is more likely to be effective if given early; patients should be referred promptly to specialist centres, where treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone should be considered.
Hepatitis B virus subtypes and hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients with chronic liver disease in Nepal
Authors: Santosh Man Shrestha, Fumio Tsuda, Hiroaki Okamoto, Hajime Tokita, Minoru Horikita, Takeshi Tanaka, Yuzo Miyakawa, Makoto Mayumi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

A total of 145 patients with chronic liver disease, including 20 with chronic hepatitis, 63 with cirrhosis and 62 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma from Nepal were tested for markers of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection. HBsAg was detected in 57 (39%) and hepatitis C virus RNA in 12 (8%); the cause of liver disease was not known in the remaining 76 (52%). HBsAg was found in 5 (1.3%) of 379 normal controls, whereas hepatitis C virus-associated antibodies were detected in 13 (3.4%), none of whom was positive for serum hepatitis C virus RNA. Subtypes of 102 HBsAg samples, from patients and asymptomatic carriers, were adw in 35 (34%), adr in 4 (4%) and ayw in 48 (47%); the remaining 15 (15%) were of atypical subtypes such as ad, ay and a. Of 12 hepatitis C virus RNA samples, genotype I was detected in 1, genotype II in 5 and genotype V in 1; the remaining five samples were not to be classified by polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for genotypes I to V deduced from hepatitis C virus core sequences, despite high hepatitis C virus RNA titers in all of them. Sequences of 192 amino acids in the entire E1 region of unclassifiable hepatitis C virus isolates from five patients differed from each other in 17% to 23%, and varied from reported isolates of defined genotypes in 13% to 44%. These results indicate that atypical subtypes of hepatitis B virus and novel genotypes of hepatitis C virus would prevail in Nepal.
Gamma-delta T cells in sarcoidosis. Correlation with clinical features.
Authors: K Nakata, T Sugie, H Nakano, T Sakai, M Aoki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This study investigated the relationship between the clinical features of sarcoidosis and the level of peripheral blood gamma-delta (gamma delta) T cells. Both the mean percentage of T cells and the mean cell number of gamma delta T cells in the peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with clinically active sarcoidosis than in patients with inactive sarcoidosis or active tuberculosis and in normal subjects (active sarcoidosis: 18.9 +/- 17.2%, 142 +/- 130.4 cells/microliters, n = 29; inactive sarcoidosis: 7.0 +/- 3.7%, 48.7 +/- 35.0 cells/microliters, n = 16; active tuberculosis: 4.3 +/- 3.2%, 47.9 +/- 36.6 cells/microliters, n = 19; control subjects: 5.0 +/- 1.9%, 77.6 +/- 37.7 cells/microliters, n = 12). gamma delta T cells were significantly elevated in patients with sarcoidosis for 2 yr or more or those with Stage III radiographs. The level of gamma delta T cells, however, showed no correlation to the serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, a marker of active granuloma formation. gamma delta T cells were scarcely seen in bronchoalveolar lavages and in biopsy specimens, suggesting that these cells did not increase at the sites of inflammation. These findings suggest that increased levels of gamma delta T cells in the peripheral blood occur in active, long-term sarcoidosis, but that they are not directly related to granuloma formation.
G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by histone deacetylase inhibition in MLL-AF9 acute myeloid leukemia cells is p21 dependent and MLL-AF9 independent
Authors: R Tonelli, R Sartini, R Fronza, F Freccero, M Franzoni, D Dongiovanni, M Ballarini, S Ferrari, M D'apolito, G Di Cola, G Capranico, A Khobta, R Campanini, P Paolucci, S Minucci, A Pession
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
The Inheritance of Coronary Artery Anatomic Patterns in Rats
Authors: COLIN M. BLOOR, ARTHUR S. LEON, BERTRAM PITT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Coronary artery anatomic patterns were determined in 4,500 rats obtained from three unrelated inbred strains. Four basic patterns were defined based on the presence of one or two primary trunks arising from separate ostia on each side. The frequency distribution of these patterns was significantly different among the three strains. Breeding experiments showed that the patterns are polygenetically determined. Although the presence of asymmetrical patterns in each strain suggests independent determination of each side, some interaction between the factors determining the two sides was also demonstrated. These patterns may provide a model to test the hypothesis that such inherited differences in coronary patterns may be a factor in susceptibility or resistance to coronary atherogenesis and myocardial infarction.
The Norfolk Sausage
Authors: N.J. Levell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article The Norfolk Sausage Get access N.J. Levell N.J. Levell Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich NR4 7UY, U.K. E‐mail: nick.levell@nnuh.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 2, 1 August 2009, Pages 490–491, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09283.x Published: 01 August 2009
Thyroid Hormone and the Skeleton: A Bone of Contention
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In 1891, von Recklinghausen<sup>1</sup>reported severe skeletal demineralization in a 23-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis. Since then, numerous studies have detailed the abnormal bone and mineral dynamics in states of thyroid hormone excess. (See reference 2 for a review.) Briefly stated, thyroid hormones directly stimulate osteoclasts to enhance bone resorption. This leads to mild hypercalcemia, with concomitant suppression of serum parathyroid hormone levels, modest elevations in levels of bone alkaline phosphatase, and negative calcium balance. While clinically overt thyrotoxic bone disease is uncommon, numerous studies have demonstrated decreased bone mineral content in hyperthyroidism, using a variety of noninvasive techniques<sup>2</sup>; not surprisingly, postmenopausal women are the most severely affected. Several reports also document that the bone loss in hyperthyroidism may be partially reversible with treatment of the underlying thyroid disorder.<sup>3</sup> See also p 3137. Although the decline in skeletal mass associated with endogenous thyrotoxicosis is interesting from a pathophysiological
The multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenation disorders, glutaric aciduria type II and ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and electron transfer flavoprotein activities in fibroblasts.
Authors: B A Amendt, W J Rhead
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The multiple acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenation disorders (MAD) include severe (S) and mild (M) variants, glutaric aciduria type II (MAD:S) and ethylmalonic-adipic aciduria (MAD:M). Intact MAD:M mitochondria oxidized [1-14C]octanoate, [1-14C]palmityl-CoA, and [1,5-14C]glutarate at 20-46% of control levels; MAD:S mitochondria oxidized these three substrates at 0.4-18% of control levels. In MAD:M mitochondria, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ADH) activities were similar to control, whereas MAD:S ADH activities ranged from 38% to 73% of control. Electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) activities in five MAD:M cell lines ranged from 29 to 51% of control (P less than 0.01); ETF deficiency was the primary enzymatic defect in two MAD:M lines. In four MAD:S patients, ETF activities ranged from 3% to 6% of control (P less than 0.001); flavin adenine dinucleotide addition increased residual ETF activity from 4% to 21% of control in a single MAD:S line (P less than 0.01). Three MAD:S patients had ETF activities ranging from 33 to 53% of control; other investigators found deficient ETF-dehydrogenase activity in these MAD:S and three of our MAD:M cell lines.
Fluoride and osteoporosis.
Authors: J Dequeker, A Burssens
Journal: BMJ (1973)

glycaemia.1This insulin-induced hypogly- caemia activates the corticotrophin releasing factor-corticotrophin-glucocorticoid axis.This permanent stimulation is afterwards responsible for the steady hypercorticism in obesity.Glucocorticoids as well as other anti- insulin factors, involve tissue insulin resistance and hyperglycaeniia which, by stimulating the /-cells result in their hyperplasia.Thus the chain of pathogenesis of obesity may be shown as follows: :-cells hyper- sensitivity to carbohydrates-postprandial hyperinsulinism-postprandial hypoglycaem- ia-hypercorticism-tissue resistance to insulin and hyperglycaemia-A-cell hyperplasia.The energy imbalance with predom- inant intake is a result of intensive lipogenesis resulting from hyperinsulinism.Excessive insulin response to glucose load in obese subjects is well known.But for the successful prevention of obesity it is neces- sary to separate the "pre-obese" subjects.This group consists of the patients with normal weight and excessive insulin response to glucose load.-Weare, etc.,
Influenza Pandemics in Perspective
Authors: Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IT IS NOW nine months<sup>*</sup>since the recognition of an influenza epidemic caused by swine influenza virus in military personnel at Fort Dix, NJ. The gestation period of an influenza pandemic is unknown, but in this case, long labor has preceded the delivery. Whatever else may be said of our unprecedented national effort for the amelioration of a pandemic for the first time in history, we now have an overwhelming balance of vaccine doses available to manifest cases of disease—about 150 million to zero (sporadic cases occurred subsequently in January). The basis of the decision to act aggressively against swine influenza has been cited more frequently in the lay press than in professional journals. In brief, the decision rested on (1) expectation of the emergence of a new major virus variant within the next few years on the basis of decennial periodicity of pandemics,<sup>1</sup>(2) the unprecedented observation of
Revisiting the Revisited Football Team Hepatitis Outbreak-Reply
Authors: Lawrence S. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Fox's concern about the sensitivity of the assay for IgM anti-HAV and the possibility of false-negative results. However, the commercially available assay used in our analysis (HAVAB-M) has been shown to be extremely sensitive for the diagnosis of acute or recent HAV infection, regardless of whether the infection is icteric, anicteric, or subclinical.<sup>1,2</sup>To our knowledge, a confirmed case of acute hepatitis A associated with IgG anti-HAV seroconversion in the absence of an early IgM anti-HAV response has never been documented. The IgM anti-HAV usually appears within a few days of the onset of symptoms and biochemical abnormalities and can be detected for at least two to four months after acute illness. In light of the temporal relation of events described in our report, the absence of IgM anti-HAV in players at the time of the outbreak excludes a diagnosis of acute hepatitis A.