tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angina in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. A clinical correlate of regional left ventricular dysfunction: a videometric and echocardiographic study.
Authors: M G Sutton, A J Tajik, H C Smith, E L Ritman
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Angina, dyspnea and syncope often occur in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), but have not hitherto been correlated with conventional measures of left ventricular (LV) function.We assessed regional and global LV function in 18 patients with IHSS by roentgen videometric analysis of biplane left ventriculograms and M-mode echocardiography to investigate 1) whether any relationship could be demonstrated between symptoms and global or regional LV function, and 2) how normal or supernormal global function could be maintained in the presence of severe septal hypokinesis.Syncope occurred in four patients with IHSS, angina in seven and dyspnea in 11.No correlation was demonstrable between any symptom and any measure of global LV function, or between syncope and dyspnea and regional LV function.However, a correlation was shown between angina and regional function in that peak rates of systolic thicken- ing and diastolic thinning of the anterior LV wall in these patients were significantly (p < 0.01) less than in patients without angina.In view of the documented relationship between myocardial ischemia and regional wall dynamics, we conclude that angina in IHSS in the absence of coronary artery disease is strongly associated with impaired wall dynamics, although which is cause and which is effect is unresolved.Angina may therefore be useful as an indicator of regional LV dysfunction.Furthermore, the normal pump function is maintained by increased cavity emptying.
Measurements of Plasma Lipopolysacharide (LPS), Endotoxin Core IgM Antibody (EndoCAb), Soluble CD14 (sCD14), TNFα, and Soluble CD62L (sCD62L) Levels to Assess Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents
Authors: S. Chinratanapisit, M.A. Wallet, S.R. Saporta, G. Ghaffari, C.A. Rodriguez, M.M. Goodenow, J.W. Sleasman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The Reliability of Medical Record Review for Estimating Adverse Event Rates
Authors: Eric J. Thomas, Stuart R. Lipsitz, David M. Studdert, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The data used by the U.S. Institute of Medicine to estimate deaths from medical errors come from a study that relied on nurse and physician reviews of medical records to detect the errors. Objective: To measure the reliability of medical record review for detecting adverse events and negligent adverse events. Design: Medical record review. Setting: Hospitalizations in Utah and Colorado in 1992. Measurements: After three independent reviews of 500 medical records, the following were measured: reliability and the effect of varying criteria for reviewer confidence in and reviewer agreement about the presence of adverse events. Results: For agreements in judgments of adverse events among the three sets of reviews, the κ statistics ranged from 0.40 to 0.41 (95% CIs ranged from 0.30 to 0.51) for adverse events and from 0.19 to 0.23 (CIs, 0.05 to 0.37) for negligent adverse events. Rates for adverse events and for negligent adverse events varied substantially depending on the degree of agreement and the level of confidence that was required among reviewers. Conclusion: Estimates of adverse event rates from medical record review, including those reported by the Institute of Medicine in its 2000 report on medical errors, are highly sensitive to the degree of consensus and confidence among reviewers.
Is there a “People are Stupid” school in social psychology?
Authors: John F. Kihlstrom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentary notes the emergence of a “People are Stupid” school of thought that describes social behavior as mindless, automatic, and unconscious. I trace the roots of this “school,” particularly in the link between situationism in social psychology and behaviorism in psychology at large, and suggest that social psychology should focus on the role of the mind in social interaction.
Achieving national service framework standards for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention
Authors: H. M Dalal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem:</b> Integrated care for patients who survive a myocardial infarction is lacking. Many patients are not offered cardiac rehabilitation, and secondary prevention is not optimal. <b>Design:</b> 12 month audit of 106 patients who survived an acute myocardial infarction. <b>Background and setting:</b> Carrick Primary Care Trust in Cornwall (population 98 500) and one district general hospital. <b>Key measures for improvement:</b> Proportion of patients who complete a cardiac rehabilitation programme after a myocardial infarction. Proportion of patients with optimal secondary prevention, as measured by smoking status, body mass index, cholesterol &lt;5.0 mmol/l, and blood pressure &lt;140/85 mm Hg. <b>Strategies for change:</b> We set up a novel, integrated, and seamless system for cardiac rehabilitation. We employed a cardiac liaison nurse to identify and assess in hospital all patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. The nurse offered patients the choice of home based rehabilitation with the <i>Heart Manual</i> or hospital based rehabilitation. The nurse gave discharge details to the patient9s general practice; these were to be included on a practice based register of coronary heart disease. <b>Effects of change:</b> All 106 eligible patients were offered cardiac rehabilitation and were included in a practice based register of coronary heart disease to facilitate long term follow up in primary care. 47 (44%) patients chose home based rehabilitation with the <i>Heart Manual</i>, and 41 (87%) of these completed the programme; 35 (33%) patients chose hospital based rehabilitation, and 17 (49%) of these completed the programme. The numbers of patients achieving secondary prevention targets improved significantly: those with serum cholesterol &lt;5.0 mmol/l at discharge increased from 28% at baseline to 75% at 12 months. Optimal care (at least 80-90% uptake of an intervention) was seen with antiplatelet and statin treatments and with smoking cessation. Significantly more patients were prescribed statins at follow up than at baseline (77/106 <i>v</i> 80/91, P=0.005). <b>Lessons learnt:</b> National service framework targets for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention can be achieved in patients who survive a myocardial infarction by integrating rehabilitation services (home and hospital) with secondary prevention clinics in primary care. Nurse led clinics in primary care facilitate long term structured care and optimal secondary prevention.
REPORT OF A TOXIC MANIFESTATION DUE TO "DINITRENAL"
Authors: Sidney Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  The need for caution in the use of dinitrophenol as repeatedly suggested in recent issues ofThe Journalprompts me to submit the following report:  A white woman, aged 32, entered my office, February 15, complaining of violent itching of the palms of the hands of five days' duration. Her previous history was completely negative. She stated that she had had a generalized mottled eruption ten days previous to the onset of the itching. The rash had lasted three days. She further stated that about ten days before the appearance of the eruption she had begun to take two capsules of Dinitrenal daily on the advice of a friend who told her that she could reduce this way without dieting. At the end of a week she increased the daily dosage to four capsules, according to the instructions on the label of this proprietary product. Physical examination
Prenatal Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene-Contaminated Drinking Water and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes
Authors: Ann Aschengrau, Janice Weinberg, Sarah Rogers, Lisa Gallagher, Michael Winter, Veronica Vieira, Thomas Webster, David Ozonoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Prior studies of prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) have shown mixed results regarding its effect on birth weight and gestational age.In this retrospective cohort study we examined whether PCE contamination of public drinking-water supplies in Massachusetts influenced the birth weight and gestational duration of children whose mothers were exposed before the child's delivery.The study included 1,353 children whose mothers were exposed to PCE-contaminated drinking water and a comparable group of 772 children of unexposed mothers. Birth records were used to identify subjects and provide information on the outcomes. Mothers completed a questionnaire to gather information on residential histories and confounding variables. PCE exposure was estimated using EPANET water distribution system modeling software that incorporated a fate and transport model.We found no meaningful associations between PCE exposure and birth weight or gestational duration. Compared with children whose mothers were unexposed during the year of the last menstrual period (LMP), adjusted mean differences in birth weight were 20.9, 6.2, 30.1, and 15.2 g for children whose mothers' average monthly exposure during the LMP year ranged from the lowest to highest quartile. Similarly, compared with unexposed children, adjusted mean differences in gestational age were -0.2, 0.1, -0.1, and -0.2 weeks for children whose mothers' average monthly exposure ranged from the lowest to highest quartile. Similar results were observed for two other measures of prenatal exposure.These results suggest that prenatal PCE exposure does not have an adverse effect on these birth outcomes at the exposure levels experienced by this population.
QFracture is better than FRAX tool in assessing risk of hip fracture
Authors: A. Johansen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Cooper and Harvey’s editorial supports the World Health Organization’s FRAX tool as better than the QFracture algorithm in identifying osteoporotic fracture risk.1 2 However, the impact of osteoporosis is dominated by hip fracture, so these tools’ ability to predict who will sustain this devastating injury needs to be examined.

We assessed 101 patients (79 women; mean age 82.5 …
The ABCs of biliary cholesterol secretion and their implication for gallstone disease
Authors: Silvana Zanlungo, Juan Francisco Miquel, Attilio Rigotti, Flavio Nervi
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Two ATP–binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, have been proposed to limit sterol absorption and to promote biliary sterol excretion in humans. To test this hypothesis, a P1 clone containing the human ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes was used to generate transgenic mice. The transgenes were expressed primarily in the liver and small intestine, mirroring the expression pattern of the endogenous genes. Transgene expression only modestly affected plasma and liver cholesterol levels but profoundly altered cholesterol transport. The fractional absorption of dietary cholesterol was reduced by about 50%, and biliary cholesterol levels were increased more than fivefold. Fecal neutral sterol excretion was increased three– to six–fold and hepatic cholesterol synthesis increased two– to four–fold in the transgenic mice. No significant changes in the pool size, composition, and fecal excretion of bile acids were observed in the transgenic mice. Transgene expression attenuated the increase in hepatic cholesterol content induced by consumption of a high cholesterol diet. These results demonstrate that increased expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 selectively drives biliary neutral sterol secretion and reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, leading to a selective increase in neutral sterol excretion and a compensatory increase in cholesterol synthesis.
Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Therapy in Patients With STEMI
Authors: Lionel H. Opie
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in ischemic blood flow distribution and dynamic severity of a coronary stenosis induced by beta blockade in the canine heart.
Authors: J D Buck, H F Hardman, D C Warltier, G J Gross
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effects of equipotent beta 1-receptor-blocking doses of propranolol, metoprolol and sotalol on distal coronary pressure, stenosis resistance and regional myocardial blood flow (endo/epi) were studied in anesthetized dogs with a severe noncircumferential stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery. No significant differences between the three beta blockers were observed for overall hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow. After drug treatment, subendocardial blood flow (0.47 +/- 0.05 to 0.78 +/- 0.05 ml/min/g) and endo/epi (0.67 +/-0.04 to 1.18 +/- 0.04) increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the ischemic region. These changes were associated with a marked increase in distal coronary perfusion pressure and a decrease in heart rate. Resistance across the stenosis decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after beta-receptor blockade (3.2 +/- 0.3 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 units). Atrial pacing to control heart rate only partially attenuated these changes. These results suggest that a favorable redistribution of ischemic blood flow after beta blockade is the result of an increase in distal diastolic pressure-time index and an autoregulation-induced increase in distal bed vascular resistance due to a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand associated with beta blockade. The latter effect also resulted in a decrease in the dynamic severity of a proximal coronary stenosis.
Prevalence of dust mites in the homes of people with asthma living in eight different geographic areas of the United States
Authors: Larry G. Arlian, David Bernstein, I.L. Bernstein, Stuart Friedman, Andrew Grant, Philip Lieberman, Manuel Lopez, James Metzger, Thomas Platts-Mills, Michael Schatz, Sheldon Spector, Stephen I. Wasserman, Robert S. Zeiger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)
Peter Alwyn-Smith
Authors: D. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former medical administrator (b 1916; q London 1942; KStJ, FFCM; FRCP), d 31 July 2002.

Peter Alwyn-Smith started a career in medical administration at the Ministry of Health in 1946. He moved to Wales in 1949 as medical officer at the Welsh Regional Hospital Board, becoming senior administrative medical officer in 1960 and overseeing the development of the district general hospitals in Wales. When the health service in Wales was reorganised in 1974 he became a principal medical officer at the Welsh Office and was later appointed by the secretary of state as medical officer for complaints. In retirement, Peter became a postgraduate student at the University College of Wales, Swansea, and gained the diploma in the philosophy of health care. He leaves a wife, Alison; a daughter; and two grandchildren.
A fibrin-supported myocardial organ culture for isolation of cardiac stem cells via the recapitulation of cardiac homeostasis
Authors: Jong-Tae Kim, Hye Jin Chung, Ji-Yeon Seo, Young-Il Yang, Min-Young Choi, Hyeong-In Kim, Tae-Hyun Yang, Won-Jin Lee, Young Chul Youn, Hye Jung Kim, Yeon Mee Kim, Hyukjin Lee, Yang-Soo Jang, Seung-Jin Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Development of Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: Roberta G. Williams, R. Curtis Ellison, Alexander S. Nadas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A 70 mm Hg left ventricular outflow obstruction developed in a 15-year-old girl over a period of five years. Initial cardiac catheterization showed the absence of a left ventricular gradient during isoproterenol stimulation. In addition, left-ventricular-function studies revealed a left ventricular mass of 269 g per square meter (normal, 50 to 90 g per square meter), an end-diastolic volume of 66 ml per square meter (normal, 50 to 80 ml per square meter) and an injection fraction of 0.89 (normal, 0.60–0.75). Five years later, after the development of classic findings of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, repeat catheterization demonstrated a 70-mm Hg fixed obstruction across the subaorta area. Left-ventricular-function studies at that time showed an increase in end-diastolic volume to 108 ml per square meter and a decrease in ejection fraction to 0.41. These findings suggest that a hypertrophic and hyperkinetic state precedes the development of obstruction in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. (N Engl J Med 288:868–871, 1973)
Functional VEGF and VEGF receptors are expressed in human medulloblastomas
Authors: M. Liliana Slongo, Beatrice Molena, Anna Maria Brunati, Martina Frasson, Marina Gardiman, Modesto Carli, Giorgio Perilongo, Angelo Rosolen, Maurizio Onisto
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key regulators of tumor neoangiogenesis. It acts through two types of high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGF receptor-1 [VEGFR-1]/fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 [Flt-1] and VEGFR-2/kinase domain receptor [KDR]) expressed on endothelial cells. VEGFRs have also been detected on cancer cells, suggesting a possible autocrine effect of VEGF on their growth. We studied the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in human medulloblastoma cell lines (DAOY, D283Med, and D341Med) and investigated the possible autocrine mechanisms of VEGF on medulloblastoma cell proliferation. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed the presence of VEGF and VEGFR mRNAs in all cell lines studied. Of the three VEGF isoforms, VEGF121 and VEGF189 were detected by Western blot analysis in all three medulloblastoma cell lines, whereas VEGF165 was identified only in DAOY cells. Medulloblastoma cell lines expressed both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. We also demonstrated expression of VEGF and its receptors in medulloblastoma tumor specimens. Exogenous VEGFR-2 inhibitor reduced the VEGF-dependent cell proliferation of DAOY and D283Med cells. In DAOY cells, VEGF165 induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-2/KDR and of downstream proteins in the signal transduction pathway. These data suggest a possible autocrine role for VEGF in medulloblastoma growth. Targeting VEGF signaling may represent a new therapeutic option in the treatment of medulloblastoma.
Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: John Eager Howard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

It is with much appreciation that I acknowledge the signal honor you have bestowed upon me to join in commemoration of one of America's greatest medical statesmen. Dr. Frank Billings was a man of great size and endowed as well with a powerful personality; his presence was dominant in any gathering. A bedside doctor primarily, he had the scope of vision to see that, for the discipline of medicine to progress, effort must be made for an ever closer understanding of disease at the more basic levels. It was through his influence and persuasion that money for the great Billings Clinic was provided by another member of his family. His medical hobby was the relation between focal infection and general disorders, a subject still highly controversial in our time. An elegant teacher, adored by his students, I would that it might have been my pleasure to meet him and to
Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: S. Kapetanakis, M.T. Kearney, A. Siva, N. Gall, M. Cooklin, M.J. Monaghan
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) has emerged as a therapeutic target using cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in selected patients with chronic heart failure. Current methods used to evaluate LVMD are technically difficult and do not assess LVMD of the whole LV simultaneously. We developed and validated real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) as a novel method to assess global LVMD. Methods and Results— Eighty-nine healthy volunteers and 174 unselected patients referred for routine echocardiography underwent 2D echocardiography and RT3DE. RT3DE data sets provided time-volume analysis for global and segmental LV volumes. A systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) was derived from the dispersion of time to minimum regional volume for all 16 LV segments. Healthy subjects and patients with normal LV systolic function had highly synchronized segmental function (SDI, 3.5±1.8% and 4.5±2.4%; P =0.7). SDI increased with worsening LV systolic function regardless of QRS duration (mild, 5.4±0.83%; moderate, 10.0±2%; severe LV dysfunction, 15.6±1%; P for trend &lt;0.001). We found that 37% of patients with moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction had significant dyssynchrony with normal QRS durations (SDI, 14.7±1.2%). Twenty-six patients underwent CRT. At long-term follow-up, responders demonstrated reverse remodeling after CRT with a significant reduction in SDI (16.9±1.1% to 6.9±1%; P &lt;0.0001) and end-diastolic volume (196.6±17.3 to 132.1±13.5 mL; P &lt;0.0001) associated with an increase in LV ejection fraction (17±2.2% to 31.6±2.9%; P &lt;0.0001). Conclusions— RT3DE can quantify global LVMD in patients with and without QRS prolongation. RT3DE represents a novel technique to identify chronic heart failure patients who may otherwise not be considered for CRT.
Factor VIII and other hemostasis variables are related to incident diabetes in adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Authors: B B Duncan, M I Schmidt, S Offenbacher, K K Wu, P J Savage, G Heiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate whether selected hemostasis variables, some of which may reflect inflammation or endothelial dysfunction, are independently associated with the development of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied a biethnic cohort of 12,330 men and women, 45-64 years of age, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. New cases of diabetes were diagnosed by a reported physician diagnosis, hypoglycemic medication use, or a casual or fasting serum glucose level of &amp;gt; or = 11.1 or &amp;gt; or = 7 mmol/l, respectively. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up of 7 years, 1,335 new cases of diabetes were detected. The odds ratios (4th versus 1st quartile) of developing diabetes, adjusted by logistic regression for age, sex, race, study center, family history of diabetes, fasting glucose, physical activity, and smoking, were 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.5) for fibrinogen and 1.4 (1.1-1.6) for factor VII. Associations for factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, and activated partial thromboplastin time were found to be 1.8 (1.3-2.3), 1.4 (1.1-1.8), and 0.63 (0.49-0.82), respectively, in women. Although further adjustment for BMI and waist-to-hip ratio diminished the relationships, a highly statistically significant association (P = 0.001) remained for factor VIII (1.6 [1.2-2.1]) in women. CONCLUSIONS: Factor VIII and other hemostasis variables are associated with the development of diabetes in middle-aged adults. These findings support a role for inflammation and, particularly in women, endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.