tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of tricuspid regurgitation with two-dimensional echocardiography and peripheral vein injections.
Authors: W Lieppe, V S Behar, R Scallion, J A Kisslo
Journal: Circulation (1978)

"Contrast echocardiography", utilizing a two-dimensional ultrasound system and peripheral venous injections, was used for the detection of tricuspid regurgitation in 30 patients. The appearance of contrast in the inferior vena cava and the back and forth movement of contrast across the tricuspid valve were considered evidence for tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiographic findings were correlated with clinical and angiographic data. Patients were assigned on the basis of clinical data to one of three groups. Group I included five patients whose clinical findings were diagnostic for tricuspid regurgitation. Group II included patients (15) whose clinical findings were equivocal for tricuspid regurgitation and patients whose recognized primary problem is frequently associated with tricuspid regurgitation. Group III contained ten patients serving as controls. All group I patients had positive echocardiographic studies for tricuspid regurgitation, while all group III patients had negative studies, suggesting that this technique may be specific for tricuspid regurgitation. Among the group II patients were three who had positive echocardiographic studies despite the absence of specific clinical findings of tricuspid regurgitation, suggesting that this technique may be more sensitive than the methods in common use.
Adjunct Hospital Emergency Toxicology Service
Authors: Jerome P. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A feasibility demonstration with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/computer system (GC/MS) was initiated to provide a 24-hour (seven days/week) adjunct emergency toxicology service to the hospitals in the tricounty area comprising Metropolitan Detroit. During June 1, 1974, to April 1, 1975, more than 85 different drugs and other agents were identified in the body fluids of approximately 1,000 victims of accidental or deliberate poisonings. At least one toxic substance was identified in 57% of the cases, and the presence of two or more drugs was established in one of five (19%) of the victims. This study indicates that a centrally located GC/MS/computer system can provide an effective adjunct emergency toxicology service for an entire metropolitan community and thereby provide guidelines for a prompt and rational therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1708-1712, 1976)
Sickle Cell Anaemia in a Changing World
Authors: Edward Fottrell, David Osrin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Populations and their health are dynamic. Societal, environmental, and economic changes lead to changes in rates of birth, death, and disease, often described as transitions in mortality, demography, and epidemiology. The notion of epidemiologic transition provides an insight into the relationship between levels of overall mortality and the distribution of its causes [1–3], in which the greatest changes arise from the survival of children and young women. Recent falls in global child mortality are good news [4], but will lead
IMPACT OF GENDER ON MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY AFTER ISOLATED CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING: A PROPENSITY MATCHED ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES
Authors: Mahboob Alam, Vei-Vei Lee, McArthur A. Elayda, Vijay Nambi, Hani M. Jneid, James M. Wilson, Christie M. Ballantyne, Salim S. Virani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Aerosol Corticosteroids and Asthma
Authors: MARTIN H. BROWN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1982Aerosol Corticosteroids and AsthmaMARTIN H. BROWN, M.D.MARTIN H. BROWN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-253_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Williams in his article on beclomethasone dipropionate (1) consistently mentions, in his discussion of the treatment of acute asthma, supplementing aerosol therapy with oral or intravenous corticosteroid agents because of uncertain delivery of aerosol steroids in occluded airways. I believe that the use of this drug during an acute exacerbation of asthma may not only be hampered by its inability to reach the affected airway but also may be detrimental to the early reversal of bronchoconstriction.Beclomethasone dipropionate is marketed in the United States by two pharmaceutical companies. These products are identical and contain beclomethasone dipropionate, oleic...Reference1. WILLIAMS M. Beclomethasone dipropionate. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:464-7. LinkGoogle Scholar1. MACKAYDYSON AA. How important is the sequence of administration of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol in asthma. Br J Dis Chest. 1981;75:173-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN H. BROWN, M.D.Affiliations: The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1982Volume 96, Issue 2Page: 253-254KeywordsAsthmaCorticosteroid therapyDrugsSteroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tetanus — Forgotten but Not Gone
Authors: Jay P. Sanford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

With so much concern about threats from emerging new infections and from antimicrobial resistance in common organisms, it is easy to become complacent about infections that are under control and have become clinical rarities. In this issue of the Journal, Gergen and colleagues1 provide the good news that almost 70 percent of a random sample of Americans six or more years of age had protective levels of tetanus antibodies. The bad news is that by the age of 60 to 69 years the prevalence of protective antibodies is less than 50 percent and, by the age of 70, about 30 . . .
Expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members in human neutrophils: up-regulation of cIAP2 by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and overexpression of cIAP2 in chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: Taro Hasegawa, Kenichi Suzuki, Chikahiko Sakamoto, Kensuke Ohta, Saori Nishiki, Masayuki Hino, Noriyuki Tatsumi, Seiichi Kitagawa
Journal: Blood (2003)
Implications of Gene-Environment Interaction in Studies of Gene Variants in Breast Cancer: An Example of Dietary Isoflavones and the D356N Polymorphism in the <i>Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin</i> Gene
Authors: Yen-Ling Low, Alison M. Dunning, Mitch Dowsett, Robert N. Luben, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick J. Wareham, Sheila A. Bingham
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Studies to identify common genetic variants contributing to breast cancer risk often yield inconsistent results. Breast cancer is a complex disease involving both genetic and environmental determinants. Dietary isoflavones are thought to reduce breast cancer risk by stimulating circulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. The SHBG gene contains a D356N polymorphism and the N variant is associated with reduced SHBG clearance compared with the D variant. In this study, we show a significant gene-environment interaction between SHBG D356N polymorphism and dietary isoflavone exposure on circulating SHBG levels in 1,988 postmenopausal women. SHBG levels were positively associated with isoflavones in women carrying the N variant (ηp2 = 1.9%; P = 0.006) but not in women carrying only the D variant (ηp2 = 0.0%; P = 0.999; Pinteraction = 0.019). This finding shows that the subtle effects of some genetic variants may be magnified and only become detectable in the presence of certain exposures. This gene-environment interaction might explain heterogeneity in studies associating SHBG gene variants and soy consumption with breast cancer risk in Far East population exposed to high isoflavone levels compared with populations with lower levels. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 8980-3)
Rate of recurrent collapse after vaccination with whole cell pertussis vaccine: follow up study
Authors: P. E Vermeer-de Bondt, J. Labadie, H. C Rumke
Journal: BMJ (1998)

minimise the risk of personal and family breakdown.New service models will require evaluation.We thank all families who kindly participated in the study.We are grateful to the Housing Department of the Birmingham City Council, Mrs Daphne Agnew, the staff of the seven hostels, the head teachers of the schools involved in the selection
Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome.
Authors: N. Leporrier, M. Herrou, P. Leymarie
Journal: BMJ (1992)

refuse this we give 2 mg phytomenadione (vitamin KI) orally at birth and at 12 and 24 hours of age.We await information on the efficacy of this oral regimen.Recent work by Cornelissen et al will further fuel the controversy as they suggest that a single dose of vitamin K, whether given orally or intramuscularly, is insufficient to protect against late haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.'I wonder whether, in the meantime, the adverse publicity surrounding vitamin K will result in a resurgence of this preventable condition; I hope that it remains a condition that is rarely seen.
Urinary Levels of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Metabolites in Relation to Lung Cancer Development in Two Prospective Cohorts of Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh, Sharon E. Murphy, Yunhua Fan, Renwei Wang, Steven G. Carmella, Shaomei Han, Katie Wickham, Yu-Tang Gao, Mimi C. Yu, Stephen S. Hecht
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronides (sum of which is denoted as total NNAL) are metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). NNK and NNAL can induce lung cancer in laboratory animals but human data are limited. The association between prediagnostic levels of urinary total NNAL and risk of lung cancer development was evaluated in two prospective cohorts of Chinese cigarette smokers. We conducted a nested case-control study involving 246 cases of incident lung cancer and 245 cohort controls who were individually matched to the index cases by age, gender, neighborhood of residence at cohort enrollment, and date of urine collection. Urinary levels of total NNAL were significantly associated with risk of lung cancer in a dose-dependent manner. Relative to the lowest tertile, risks associated with the second and third tertiles of total NNAL were 1.43 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.86-2.37] and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.25-3.54), respectively (P for trend=0.005) after adjustment for self-reported smoking history and urinary total cotinine. Smokers in the highest tertiles of urinary total NNAL and total cotinine exhibited a 8.5-fold (95% CI, 3.7-19.5) increased risk for lung cancer relative to smokers with comparable smoking history but possessing the lowest tertiles of urinary total NNAL and total cotinine. Findings of the present study directly link NNK exposure to lung cancer development in humans.
Spot testing by GPs for bacterial infections reduces antibiotic use, study finds
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Testing patients for bacterial infections during GP appointments could reduce unnecessary prescriptions of antibiotics, a systematic review published by the Cochrane Library has concluded.1

Most patients who visit their GP with acute respiratory infections have a viral infection, against which antibiotics are useless. Testing kits have been developed to quickly identify whether an infection is bacterial or viral. Currently the only one available to GPs is the C reactive protein test. The test takes about three minutes …
Risk Factors from Childhood to Adulthood for Bronchial Responsiveness at Age 32–42 yr
Authors: MARION H. GROL, DIRKJE S. POSTMA, JUDITH M. VONK, JAN P. SCHOUTEN, BERT RIJCKEN, GERARD H. KOËTER, JORRIT GERRITSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Bronchial responsiveness (BR) is an important risk factor for the development and outcome of asthma. This study assessed childhood risk factors for both the severity of BR in adulthood and either improvement or worsening of BR over time. Finally, we studied cross-sectional risk factors of BR in adulthood. Between 1966 and 1969, 119 allergic asthmatic children (5–14 yr of age) were studied. Of these, 101 (85%) subjects were reinvestigated at age 22–32 yr (visit 2), and at age 32–42 yr (visit 3). Spirometry, PC10 histamine, skin tests, blood eosinophils, and serum total IgE were measured and a questionnaire was used. Higher FEV1 values in childhood were associated with less severe BR at age 32–42 yr independent of other potential risk factors. Larger increases in FEV1 values both from visit 1 to 2 and from visit 2 to 3, a longer time interval from visit 1 to 3, and having pets in childhood were associated with less severe BR at age 32–42 yr. The same factors were found to be associated with less deterioration of BR from visit 2 to 3. In nonsmokers a higher IgE level at visit 2 was a risk factor for an increase in BR. At age 32–42 yr, a low level of lung function and the presence of asthma symptoms were associated with more severe BR, and older age and having pets were associated with less severe BR. IgE was related to more severe BR only in nonsmokers. Conclusions: A lower lung function in childhood and less improvement in FEV1 over time were associated with more severe BR in adulthood.
Preoperative Detection of Gallbladder Perforation
Authors: JACQUELINE C. BRUNETTI, RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Tc-99m-hepatobiliary imaging is an excellent tool for noninvasive investigation of biliary tract perforation. This article documents a case in which this imaging method was employed to establish a preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder perforation.
Safety of Presurgical Targeted Therapy in the Setting of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brian F. Chapin, Scott E. Delacroix, Stephen H. Culp, Graciela M. Nogueras Gonzalez, Nizar M. Tannir, Eric Jonasch, Pheroz Tamboli, Christopher G. Wood
Journal: European Urology (2011)
THE PEPTIC ULCER: With a Review of Twelve Months' Surgical Treatment (1921)
Authors: K. W. Monsarrat
Journal: BMJ (1922)

T MxBRmo 553.heart,-Here-is where the great difficulty in interpreting variations of rate comes in.'lThe sino-auricular node witlhout vagus influence would cause an increase in the hleart's rate.Whien, then, we find an increase in rate, we have to ask whether it is due to the sino-auricular node being freed from vagal activity, or to an increase of tlhe sympathetic influence, or to a direct effect of some agent (temperature, toxins, drugs) on the sino-auricular node itself.These are tlhe types of questions that require settling before we can understand the action of remedies or the symptoms of disease.We know already a little, but that little indicates tlhat there is muclh more to be.known.,We know,-for instance, that the increased hjeart rate that follows tlle administration of atropine is due to a suspension of vagal activity, and tllat the increase in rate is different from tlhat wlich foliows a rise of temperature or effort, or the administration of alcolhol.It is also known that digitalis may lhave a definite effect on the vagus, stimulating it and so restrainina the activity of the sino-auricular node.Varied as are the effects of drugs diseased states lhave effects as distinctive, for aaents of disease affect the reflex systemn in diverse places and diverse ways, and it is by the recognition of t4ese diverse modifications tljat the different diseased states--can be recognized.We know that the reaction is different in pneumonia from that in typhoid fever, and these again from that in rhteumatic fever.During some infections thle conducting system may be affected, as shown by the temporary presence of partial.heart-block.But there is more than that, for the agent of disease modifies or counteracts the action of drugs.Thus, though in the 'normal heart atropine increases the rate, yet in certain diseased states it may slow the heart's rate.In some forms of disease diaitalis will slow the heart rate, in other diseased states it is witlhout effect.The recoanition of these facts explains tlle reason of the confusion wlliclh reigns in the tlerapeutic field.A great deal of work lhas been done in testing the action of drugs on the lhealtlhy leart, but it has iiot been realized that the diseased condition modifies the effects of the drug.Whlen it is realized that it is clhiefly oil; some part -of the reflex process tllat most drugs act tlhe.ixport:aie -of .abetter und4erstanding of tlis process will become,apparent, all the mote so when it is further realized that it is also by the modification of some parts of this process tlh)t.manysymptom3s of -disease arise.If these points are grasped it will be seen that in the sick man tlle agents of disease lhave affected-the parts on whichl the drugs act, and tlherefore we can state as a principle wlhiclh must be recognized in tlle investigation of the action of drugs tllat the efect of a remnedy i8 modified accordinig to the nature of the disease.It 1. Fcr gastric ulcer (evidence of operation on pylorus).
Diseases of Women: A Manual of Gynecology Designed Especially for the Use of Students and General Practitioners.
Authors: F. H. Davenport
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Absorption Kinetics and Biologic Effects of Subcutaneously Injected Insulin Preparations
Authors: M Berger, H J Cüppers, H Hegner, V Jörgens, P Berchtold
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

This paper describes systematic studies on the absorption kinetics of exogenous insulin from its subcutaneous tissue depot in 52 male nonobese volunteers (age 20–30 yr). Five experimental protocols were used: (1) effect of changing injection site, (2) effect of temperature change and local massage, (3) effect of aprotinin and human serum, (4) effect of mixing regular insulin with long-acting insulin preparations, and (5) effect of temperature change, muscular exercise, and local massage on the absorption of longacting insulin preparations. The fastest absorption of insulin occurred at the abdominal injection. Absorption after arm injection was faster than after thigh injection. A hot bath and local massage dramatically increased serum insulin levels in the first 90 min after injection; in contrast, a cold bath delayed absorption substantially. Both aprotinin and the subjects' own blood serum mixed with insulin caused a marked acceleration of the insulin absorption process. Absorption kinetics of two neutral regular insulins (Actrapid and Leo Regular) were virtually identical. Mixing Actrapid with Monotard caused higher serum insulin levels than the mixture of Leo Regular with NPH. A time lag of 5 min between the mixing of Actrapid and Monotard and the injection caused a delayed rise of serum insulin levels; in contrast, this delay could not be observed when Leo Regular and NPH were mixed. Volunteers performed bicycle exercise, applied a hot water bottle to the injection site, or rubbed the injection site 2 1/2 h after injection of long-acting insulin. Accelerated absorption of insulin was only observed after local massage of the injection site of Monotard, Leo NPH, and Mixtard. Local heat had no effect. Exercise caused only an increased absorption of insulin after the Mixtard injection but not after Monotard or NPH injection. These findings have clinical significance and should not be without potential benefit in the attempt to improve metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetic patients.
Plasticity of Inhibition
Authors: Dimitri M. Kullmann, Alexandre W. Moreau, Yamina Bakiri, Elizabeth Nicholson
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Until recently, the study of plasticity of neural circuits focused almost exclusively on potentiation and depression at excitatory synapses on principal cells. Other elements in the neural circuitry, such as inhibitory synapses on principal cells and the synapses recruiting interneurons, were assumed to be relatively inflexible, as befits a role of inhibition in maintaining stable levels and accurate timing of neuronal activity. It is now evident that inhibition is highly plastic, with multiple underlying cellular mechanisms. This Review considers these recent developments, focusing mainly on functional and structural changes in GABAergic inhibition of principal cells and long-term plasticity of glutamateric recruitment of inhibitory interneurons in the mammalian forebrain. A major challenge is to identify the adaptive roles of these different forms of plasticity, taking into account the roles of inhibition in the regulation of excitability, generation of population oscillations, and precise timing of neuronal firing.
Open-Label Trial of MABp1, a True Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Interleukin 1α, for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Kyle M. Coleman, Johann E. Gudjonsson, Michael Stecher
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Open-Label Trial of MABp1, a True Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Interleukin 1α, for the Treatment of Psoriasis MABp1is a true human monoclonal antibody specific for interleukin 1α (IL-1α), a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in sterile inflammation that is abundantly present in psoriatic skin lesions. 1 MABp1 differs from previous generations of therapeutic antibodies in that it was cloned from an Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized human B cell that was isolated from an individual with endogenous anti-IL-1α antibodies, and it has not undergone any in vitro affinity maturation. 2 Thus, there is potential for decreased antidrug antibody formation, which should lead to a profile of fewer adverse effects and less loss of effectiveness over time. 3
Methylphenidate and Risk of Serious Cardiovascular Events in Adults
Authors: Hedi Schelleman, Warren B. Bilker, Stephen E. Kimmel, Gregory W. Daniel, Craig Newcomb, James P. Guevara, Mark J. Cziraky, Brian L. Strom, Sean Hennessy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Methylphenidate treatment of ADHD in adults was associated with an increase in sudden death from ventricular arrhythmia, from 1 death per 1,000 person-years to 2 deaths. The effect was more marked at lower rather than higher doses, suggesting that lower doses may have been prescribed to individuals with preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. There was no increase in strokes or myocardial infarctions.