tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical roles of a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SK3) in the repolarization process of atrial myocytes
Authors: Xiao-Dong Zhang, Valeriy Timofeyev, Ning Li, Richard E. Myers, Dai-Min Zhang, Anil Singapuri, Victor C. Lau, Chris T. Bond, John Adelman, Deborah K. Lieu, Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsSmall conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2 or SK channels) have been reported in excitable cells, where they aid in integrating changes in intracellular Ca2+ (⁠⁠) with membrane potentials. We have recently reported the functional expression of SK channels in human and mouse cardiac myocytes. Additionally, we have found that the channel is highly expressed in atria compared with the ventricular myocytes. We demonstrated that human cardiac myocytes expressed all three members of SK channels (SK1, 2, and 3); moreover, the different members are capable of forming heteromultimers. Here, we directly tested the contribution of SK3 to the overall repolarization of atrial action potentials.
HUMAN CONSTITUTION:
Authors: WALTER FREEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 January 1934HUMAN CONSTITUTION:A STUDY OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE BODY AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CERTAIN DISEASES*WALTER FREEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.WALTER FREEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-7-7-805 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is a saying: One man's meat is another man's poison. This will be recognized as a crude statement of the constitutional peculiarities and differences of various members of the human species, and is another indication of the penetrating insight of the folk-lore poet that precedes the slow march of science. Where science goes beyond the philosopher is in asking why and then proceeding to find the answer.For the purposes of this study we may paraphrase the saying somewhat as follows: The more nearly two individuals resemble each other, the greater are their chances of developing the same disease....References1. DRAPER G: Disease and the man, 1930, Macmillan Company, New York. Google Scholar2. PENDE N: Constitutional inadequacies (translated by S. Naccarati), 1928, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Google Scholar3. FREEMAN W: Psychological panel in diagnosis and prognosis; correlation of personality type with susceptibility to disease, based on 1400 necropsies, ANN. INT. MED., 1930, iv, 29-38. LinkGoogle Scholar4. KRETSCHMER E: Physique and character, 1925, Harcourt, Brace, and Company, New York. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WALTER FREEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Washington, D. C.*Presented before the American College of Physicians, Montreal, Canada, February 9, 1933.From Blackburn Laboratory; the Department of Neurology, George Washington University; and the Department of Biology of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Aided by a grant from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byConstitution, genetics, and body form in peptic ulcer: A reviewKonstitutionErkrankungen des PerikardDas Herz bei Myxödem und HypothyreoseMeasurement and Interpretation of Subcutaneous fat, with Norms for Children and Young Adult MalesA Further Study of A-B-O Blood Groups and Differential Fertility among Women in Two Australian Maternity HospitalsVegetative und endokrine FunktionenDas Herz bei endokrinen StörungenDas Herz bei endokrinen StörungenELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN CRETINSMYXOEDEMA WITH PERICARDIAL EFFUSIONPERSONALITY AND THE ENDOCRINES; A STUDY BASED UPON 1400 QUANTITATIVE NECROPSIES*WALTER FREEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 January 1934Volume 7, Issue 7Page: 805-811KeywordsHygieneMeatNeurologyPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reply to Athanassios Kyrgidis, Zisis Teleioudis and Konstantinos Vahtsevanos’ Letter to the Editor re: Christian Walter, Bilal Al-Nawas, Knut A. Grötz, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Prostate Cancer Patients with Advanced Disease Treated with Zoledronate. Eur Urol 2008;54:1066–72
Authors: Christian Walter, Bilal Al-Nawas, Knut A. Grötz, Christian Thomas, Joachim W. Thüroff, Viktoria Zinser, Heinold Gamm, Joachim Beck, Wilfried Wagner
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Psychiatric Morbidity in Long-term Renal Transplant Recipients and Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Thomas P. Kalman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This study assessed and compared psychiatric morbidity in long-term (five years or longer) renal transplant recipients and patients undergoing hemodialysis. Fifty-seven of 98 transplant recipients and 44 of 89 patients undergoing dialysis returned questionnaires designed to collect demographic information and to detect psychiatric morbidity. The two groups differed significantly only in that the patients undergoing dialysis were both older and medically sicker than the transplant recipients. Forty-six percent of the transplant group and 48% of the dialysis group could be identified as psychiatrically impaired either by their scores on the General Health Questionnaire or by a history of prior psychiatric treatment. The finding of nearly equivalent psychiatric morbidity in these two groups does not support the often-held notions about psychological advantages of transplantation over dialysis. We conclude that psychiatric morbidity in patients with chronic renal failure is high and appears not to be related to the choice of treatment.
Anti-inflammatory HDL becomes pro-inflammatory during the acute phase response. Loss of protective effect of HDL against LDL oxidation in aortic wall cell cocultures.
Authors: B J Van Lenten, S Y Hama, F C de Beer, D M Stafforini, T M McIntyre, S M Prescott, B N La Du, A M Fogelman, M Navab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We previously reported that high density lipoprotein (HDL) protects against the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by artery wall cells causing these cells to produce pro-inflammatory molecules. We also reported that enzyme systems associated with HDL were responsible for this anti-inflammatory property of HDL. We now report studies comparing HDL before and during an acute phase response (APR) in both humans and a croton oil rabbit model. In rabbits, from the onset of APR the protective effect of HDL progressively decreased and was completely lost by day three. As serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in acute phase HDL (AP-HDL) increased, apo A-I levels decreased 73%. Concomitantly, paraoxonase (PON) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) levels in HDL declined 71 and 90%, respectively, from days one to three. After day three, there was some recovery of the protective effect of HDL. AP-HDL from human patients and rabbits but not normal or control HDL (C-HDL) exhibited increases in ceruloplasmin (CP). This increase in CP was not seen in acute phase VLDL or LDL. C-HDL incubated with purified CP and re-isolated (CP-HDL), lost its ability to inhibit LDL oxidation. Northern blot analyses demonstrated enhanced expression of MCP-1 in coculture cells treated with AP-HDL and CP-HDL compared to C-HDL. Enrichment of human AP-HDL with purified PON or PAF-AH rendered AP-HDL protective against LDL modification. We conclude that under basal conditions HDL serves an anti-inflammatory role but during APR displacement and/or exchange of proteins associated with HDL results in a pro-inflammatory molecule.
MicroRNA signature in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, reversibility with glucocorticoids, and assessment as disease biomarkers
Authors: Thomas X. Lu, Joseph D. Sherrill, Ting Wen, Andrew J. Plassard, John A. Besse, Juan Pablo Abonia, James P. Franciosi, Philip E. Putnam, Michael Eby, Lisa J. Martin, Bruce J. Aronow, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Activation of MAPK Pathways due to DUSP4 Loss Promotes Cancer Stem Cell-like Phenotypes in Basal-like Breast Cancer
Authors: Justin M. Balko, Luis J. Schwarz, Neil E. Bhola, Richard Kurupi, Phillip Owens, Todd W. Miller, Henry Gómez, Rebecca S. Cook, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive disease that lacks a clinically approved targeted therapy. Traditional chemotherapy is effective in BLBC, but it spares the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like population, which is likely to contribute to cancer recurrence after the initial treatment. Dual specificity phosphatase-4 (DUSP4) is a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that is deficient in highly aggressive BLBCs treated with chemotherapy, leading to aberrant MAPK activation and resistance to taxane-induced apoptosis. Herein, we investigated how DUSP4 regulates the MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) and c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) pathways in modifying CSC-like behavior. DUSP4 loss increased mammosphere formation and the expression of the CSC-promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. These effects were caused in part by loss of control of the MEK and JNK pathways and involved downstream activation of the ETS-1 and c-JUN transcription factors. Enforced expression of DUSP4 reduced the CD44(+)/CD24(-) population in multiple BLBC cell lines in a MEK-dependent manner, limiting tumor formation of claudin-low SUM159PT cells in mice. Our findings support the evaluation of MEK and JNK pathway inhibitors as therapeutic agents in BLBC to eliminate the CSC population.
Systemic Infection Related to Endocarditis on Pacemaker Leads
Authors: Didier Klug, Dominique Lacroix, Christine Savoye, Luc Goullard, Daniel Grandmougin, Jean Luc Hennequin, Salem Kacet, Jean Lekieffre
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Endocarditis related to pacemaker (PM)-lead infection is a rare but serious complication of permanent transvenous pacing. To determine in which situations the diagnosis should be evoked and to determine optimal management, we reviewed our experience with endocarditis related to PM-lead infection. Methods and Results Fifty-two patients were admitted for endocarditis related to PM-lead infection. The presentation was acute in 14 patients, with onset of symptoms in the first 6 weeks after the last procedure on the implant site, and chronic in 38 patients. Fever occurred in 86.5%. Clinical and/or radiological evidences of pulmonary involvement were observed in 38.4%. Pulmonary scintigraphy disclosed pulmonary infarcts in 31.2%. Local complications were found in 51.9%. Elevated C-reactive protein was found in 96.2%. A germ was isolated in 88.4% of patients and was a Staphylococcus in 93.5%. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated vegetations in only 23% of patients, whereas transesophageal echocardiography disclosed abnormal appearances on the PM lead in 94%. We systematically tried to ablate all the material. Two techniques were used: percutaneous ablation or surgical removal during extracorporeal circulation. All patients were treated with antibiotics after removal of the infected material. Two patients died before lead removal and 2 after surgical removal; the predischarge mortality was 7.6%, and the overall mortality was 26.9% after a follow-up of 20.1±13 months. Conclusions The diagnosis of endocarditis related to PM-lead infection should be suspected in the presence of fever, complications, or pulmonary lesions after PM insertion. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed to look for vegetations. Staphylococci are involved in the majority of these infections. The endocardial system must be entirely removed and appropriate antibiotic therapy pursued for 6 weeks.
Successful treatment of pain in two patients with cutaneous leiomyomata with the oral alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist, doxazosin
Authors: R.J. Batchelor, C.C. Lyon, A.S. Highet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, We describe two patients with multiple, painful cutaneous leiomyomata whose pain completely resolved with oral doxazosin. Patient 1. A 52‐year‐old woman was referred with a 24‐year history of a nodular, initially asymptomatic, rash over her forehead and arms. Histology was consistent with leiomyomata. Over 4–5 years the lesions became more numerous, extending to the legs and trunk, and she complained of pain affecting her cheeks when the weather was cold. She was treated with oral propranolol with partial relief but did not tolerate nifedipine due to headache. Following reports of benefit from alpha‐blockers in this condition, she was commenced on doxazosin 1 mg daily, gradually increasing to 4 mg daily. Within 4 weeks the patient reported a dramatic improvement in her symptoms, which was sustained 6 months later on 3 mg daily without side‐effects. Patient 2. A 35‐year‐old woman presented with a 14‐year history of an increasing number of frequently tender dermal nodules and papules affecting the trunk, neck and limbs. Histology was consistent with leiomyomata. Ten years previously, she had had two of the more painful lesions excised and had also had carbon dioxide laser treatment to lesions on her arms. However, they became far too numerous for this treatment to be practical. In view of the success in patient 1, this woman was treated with doxazosin 1 mg daily with complete relief of the discomfort in the lesions, without side‐effects.
THE ACUTE PAINFUL BACK AMONG INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES ALLEGING COMPENSABLE INJURY
Authors: HAROLD R. CONN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The surgical consideration of alleged traumatic backache involves primarily a query as to whether a backache actually exists and secondarily an almost equally essential question as to the traumatic element in a lesion admitted to exist. The answer to both these questions remains a matter of diagnosis, an admittedly difficult problem when confronted, as we are, with a variety of etiologic factors covering a field which extends from congenital malformations to the chronic infections of old age. <h3>MALINGERING</h3> The investigations of recent years have made the answer to the first question far easier and have forced us to acknowledge the existence of pain and disability sometimes previously denied. Despite, however, the pleas for more careful examinations and for more hesitancy in denying the alleged existence of pain, the traumatic back still enjoys an unenviable notoriety as a sort of rock-bound refuge for malingerers, a reputation which we believe is unmerited.
USE OF AMPHETAMINE (BENZEDRINE) SULPHATE IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: MILTON ROSENBAUM, LOUIS LAMS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

The use of benzedrine sulphate in the treatment of a series of 24 general hospital patients all suffering from severe chronic alcoholism and alcoholic addiction yielded poor results. Some of the possible reasons for these results have been discussed.
Mass spectrometry proves under-O-glycosylation of glomerular IgA1 in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Yoshiyuki Hiki, Hiroko Odani, Mami Takahashi, Yoshinari Yasuda, Akeyo Nishimoto, Hitoo Iwase, Toru Shinzato, Yutaka Kobayashi, Kenji Maeda
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
On the Cause of Death in Fever
Authors: R. T. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1844)

Manchester Lying-in Hospital.The fatal termination of many cases of fever evi- dentWrdepends upon structural lesions, which can be dispilyed by dissection.In some instances, it seems a question whether the morbid appearances discovered are sufficteit to account for death-; whilst, in others, the mot careful and deliberate post-mortem examina- tion gives no evidenee of any decided change of struc- ture which can be considered as the product of disease.The following observations are intended to have reference, principally, to the last class of cases, but will to A certaih extent be found applicable to the others also.The morbid appearances which occur in the exanthemnata, or eruptive fevers, are usually so different, that the consideration of them will not with propriety come under the present view, which will be confined to an examination into the cause of death in continued typhous and bilious fevers.Wherk dissection displays no structural lesion suffi- cient to account for death, to what must the fatal termination be attributed ?Is it owing to the length- ened continuance of the fever?? Does the depraved state of the jinctiou, which constitutes fever, or, at least, which accompanies this disease, tend, essentially, to such a conclusion ?Are the patient's stamina broken up, and the tone of his nervous system utterly destroyed ?Is he in fact worn oUt by fever?If such be the case, the enquiry into the manner in
NI-18 * MULTIMODAL NAVIGATION IN ENDOSCOPIC TRANS-SPHENOIDAL RESECTION OF PITUITARY TUMORS USING IMAGE-BASED VASCULAR AND CRANIAL NERVE SEGMENTATION: A PROSPECTIVE VALIDATION STUDY
Authors: P. Dolati, M. Raber, A. Golby, E. Laws
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Trans-Sphenoidal surgery (TSS) is a well-known approach for treatment of pituitary tumors. However, in inexperienced hands, the risk of lateral misdirection and vascular damage, intraoperative CSF leakage, and optic nerve injury are all well-known complications of this procedure. This prospective study was conducted to validate the accuracy of image-based segmentation in localization of neurovascular structures during TSS. METHODS: Eight patients with pituitary tumor underwent preoperative 3TMRI, which included thin sectioned 3D space T2, 3D Time of Flight and MPRAGE sequences. Images were reviewed by an expert independent neuroradiologist. Imaging sequences were loaded in BrainLab iPlanNet (6/8) and Stryker (2/8) for segmentation and pre-op planning. After patient registration to the intra-op neuronavigation system and surgical exposure, each segmented neural or vascular element was validated by manual placement of the navigation probe. The pulses of the bilateral ICA were confirmed using micro-Doppler. RESULTS: Pre-operative segmentation of the ICA and cavernous sinus matched with the intra-operative endoscopic and micro-Doppler findings in all cases (Dice-coefficient =1). This information reassured surgeons regarding the lateral extent of bone removal at the sellar floor and the limits of lateral explorations. Perfect correspondence between image-based segmentation and endoscopic view was also found at the surface of the tumor and tumor-normal gland interfaces. This helped in preventing unnecessary removal of the normal pituitary gland. Image-guidance helped surgeon to localize the optic nerve and chiasm in 63% of case and Diaphragma sella in 50% of cases, which helped to determine the limits of upward exploration and decrease the risk of CSF leakage. CONCLUSION: Image-based pre-operative vascular and neural element segmentation especially with 3D reconstruction is highly informative preoperatively and helps young and inexperienced neurosurgeons to prevent vascular and neural injury during trans-Sphenoidal surgeries. This novel preliminary study is encouraging for future prospective intraoperative validation with larger numbers of patients.
A New Approach to the Bile Duct via Needle Puncture of the Papillary Roof
Authors: E. L. Artifon, F. Y. Hondo, P. Sakai, S. Ishioka
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Precut is an alternative technique for bile duct access when the conventional cannulation method has failed, although it is considered to be associated with a high risk of complication by acute pancreatitis [1] [2].
Differential roles of Mac-1+ cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in primary nonfunction and classic rejection of islet allografts.
Authors: D B Kaufman, J L Platt, F L Rabe, D L Dunn, F H Bach, D E Sutherland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The high rate of persistent hyperglycemia, termed primary nonfunction, after islet allotransplantation in C57BL/6 mice recipients of B10.BR strain islets, as compared with B10.BR recipients of C57BL/6 islets, led to a series of experiments to determine whether islet allograft primary nonfunction was attributable to technical aspects of the transplant procedure or whether it was a consequence of alloimmunity. Primary nonfunction was prevented by systemic pharmacologic immunosuppression of the host with cyclosporine. Selective immunodepletion of host CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes significantly extended the time of classic rejection but did not significantly affect the rate of primary nonfunction. However, modulation of macrophages by administration to the host of silica completely abolished primary nonfunction. These observations, in conjunction with the immunohistological findings of intense macrophage infiltration in islet allografts from recipients exhibiting persistent post-transplant hyperglycemia, support the hypothesis that primary nonfunction results from a cell-mediated host-immune response of rapid onset that is dependent on macrophages or macrophage byproducts as the main effectors.
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Brain: A Stereo Atlas
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This atlas of stereoscopic views of the human brain has been developed as an unusual learning opportunity primarily for use by neurosurgeons in training or in practice. It can also be an excellent guide for others who need, or want, to know the intricacies of gross anatomy of the brain and its coverings, nerves, and vessels. The atlas consists basically of stereoscopic views of the interior of the head, taken from dissections of embalmed cadavers in which colored latex has been injected into the arteries and veins. The views are made from color film exposed through a Zeiss operating microscope with a beam-splitting device to produce stereo pairs of images to be observed through an accompanying three-dimensional "View Master." The films are in pairs on 32 circular cardboard reels, numbered consecutively, with seven pairs per reel. The viewer is held up to external light sources for study. Identification of the
10,000 Just so stories can't all be wrong
Authors: Gary F. Marcus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract The mere fact that a particular aspect of mind could offer an adaptive advantage is not enough to show that that property was in fact shaped by that adaptive advantage. Although it is possible that the tendency towards positive illusion is an evolved misbelief, it it also possible that positive illusions could be a by-product of a broader, flawed cognitive mechanism that itself was shaped by accidents of evolutionary inertia.
VALUE OF CHLORIN IN THE TREATMENT OF COLDS
Authors: HAROLD S. DIEHL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Few announcements in recent years have occasioned more hope in the minds of the medical profession and the laity than did the report on chlorin as a therapeutic agent in certain respiratory diseases made by Vedder and Sawyer1about a year ago. Although usually considered trivial, acute colds cause more disability and loss of time from work and school than the more serious diseases.  Recently, Dr. Taylor-Jones2reported that more than one fourth of the absences of 3 A grade children in Washington were due to common  and Dr. Collins,3in the study of morbidity among school children in Hagerstown, Md., found that about one third of the cases of illness in school children are due to colds, and that in a school year of 180 days the average amount of time lost per child on account of colds was 1.86 days. At the University of