tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Science of Hair Care
Authors: Neil A. Fenske
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The editor, recognizing the indisputable interrelation between cosmetology and dermatology, has prepared a textbook designed to bridge the gap between these two disciplines. Physicians, in particular dermatologists, primarily provide such care as it relates to the treatment of diseases of the scalp and hair; cosmetologists are primarily concerned with enhancing the beauty of hair and scalp and improving hair hygiene. For many years a distinct line separated the types of care rendered by these professionals to their patients or clients. For obvious reasons, a fundamental understanding of scalp and hair pathology by cosmetologists and of the various hair-grooming and hygienic techniques by dermatologists is imperative, so that each group may render optimum care. However, the editor does not propose that cosmetologists administer treatment for diseases of the scalp and hair, nor does he intend for physicians and dermatologists to become proprietors of hair-care salons. I suspect such a textbook as
Measuring hospital clinical outcomes
Authors: H. M. Krumholz, Z. Lin, S.-L. T. Normand
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Methods matter 

The proliferation of information about hospital performance is a cause for consternation. We are drawn to data about performance, yet we are wary of their accuracy and reliability. We want information about the results that our acute care organizations achieve, yet we are often skeptical about whether what is important in medicine can be measured well.

Among the measures, those related to outcomes have taken center stage.1 Outcomes measures can fully capture the end result of healthcare; they can include all patients within a diagnostic category or even across an institution. In the United States these measures have financial consequences as a result of federal legislation.2 3 4 5 Consequently, hospitals and others affected by outcomes measures have focused intently on the validity of the methods that underlie these metrics.

The most common hospital outcomes measures use standardized outcome ratios, generally an observed value divided by an expected value (for example, observed mortality divided by expected mortality). The approach is intended to quantify how a hospital performs relative to other hospitals, after considering differences in case mix and sample size. The product is a ratio of whether …
Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance
Authors: A. Gordon, E. Hultman, L. Kaijser, S. Kristjansson, C. J. Rolf, O. Nyquist, C. Sylven
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Background: Cardiac creatine levels are depressed in chronic heart failure. Oral supplementation of creatine to healthy volunteers has been shown to increase physical performance. Aim: To evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on ejection fraction, symptom-limited physical endurance and skeletal muscle strength in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: With a double-blind, placebo-controlled design 17 patients (age 43–70 years, ejection fraction <40) were supplemented with creatine 20 g daily for 10 days. Before and on the last day of supplementation ejection fraction was determined by radionuclide angiography as was symptom-limited 1-legged knee extensor and 2-legged exercise performance on the cycle ergometer. Muscle strength as unilateral concentric knee extensor performance (peak torque, Nm at 180 °/s) was also evaluated. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken for the determination of energy-rich phosphagens. Results: Ejection fraction at rest and at work did not change. Performance before creatine supplementation did not differ between placebo and creatine groups. While no change was seen in the placebo group compared to baseline, creatine supplementation increased skeletal muscle total creatine and creatine phosphate by 17 ± 4% (P < 0.05) and 12 ± 4% (P < 0.05), respectively. Increments were seen only in patients with <140 mmol total creatine/kg d.w. (P <0.05). One-legged performance (21%, P < 0.05), 2-legged performance (10%, P < 0.05), and peak torque, Nm (5%, P < 0.05) increased. Both peak torque and 1-legged performance increased linearly with increased skeletal muscle phosphocreatine (P < 0.05). The increments in 1-legged, 2-legged and peak torque were significant compared to the placebo group, (P < 0.05). Conclusions: One week of creatine supplementation to patients with chronic heart failure did not increase ejection fraction but increased skeletal muscle energy-rich phosphagens and performance as regards both strength and endurance. This new therapeutic approach merits further attention.
Dynamics of ECT Normalization of Low G Protein Function and Immunoreactivity in Mononuclear Leukocytes of Patients With Major Depression
Authors: Sofia Avissar, Yakov Nechamkin, Gregori Roitman, Gabriel Schreiber
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Heterotrimeric G proteins were previously implicated in the biochemical mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Low function and immunoreactivity of G proteins were observed in patients with major depression. In the present study the authors evaluated the effects of ECT on the low measures of G proteins in patients with major depression.Repeated G protein measurements in mononuclear leukocytes of 10 patients with major depression were made. Each patient was examined while untreated and after successive sessions of ECT; 14 normal subjects were also studied. G protein function was evaluated through beta-adrenergic- and muscarinic-agonist-enhanced guanine nucleotide binding capacity, substantiated by quantitative measures of G proteins through immunoblot analyses using polyclonal antibodies against Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and G beta proteins.Mononuclear leukocytes of patients with depression showed immunoreactive levels of Gs alpha and Gi alpha that were significantly lower than those of normal subjects; the depressed patients also had markedly hypofunctional Gs and Gi. The low levels of G protein function and immunoreactivity were alleviated by ECT. Repeated measurements in the same patients after successive ECT sessions showed that the normalization of G protein measures preceded, and thus predicted, clinical improvement. The function and quantity of Gs and Gi proteins in patients given ECT were significantly correlated.These findings support the implication of G proteins in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. G protein measurements in patients with depression may potentially serve not only as a biochemical marker for affective state but also for biochemical prediction and evaluation of responses to ECT.
Factors associated with spousal physical violence in Albania: cross sectional study
Authors: Genc Burazeri, Enver Roshi, Rachel Jewkes, Susanne Jordan, Vesna Bjegovic, Ulrich Laaser
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To describe the prevalence of intimate partner violence and associated factors among married women in Albania. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b> Tirana, the capital city of Albania. <b>Participants</b> A representative sample of 1039 married women aged 25-65 living in Tirana and recorded in the 2001 census. <b>Methods</b> Questionnaire on intimate partner violence and social and demographic characteristics of the women and their husbands. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Women9s experience within the past year of being hit, slapped, kicked, or otherwise physically hurt by the husband. <b>Results</b> More than a third (37%, 384/1039) of women had experienced violence. Risk was greatest among women aged 25-34 (odds ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.09), women with tertiary education (3.70, 2.04 to 6.67), women in white collar jobs (4.0, 1.59 to 10.0), women with least educated husbands (5.01, 2.91 to 8.64), and women married to men raised in rural areas (3.31, 2.29 to 4.80). Women were at higher risk if they were more educated than their husbands (4.76, 2.56 to 9.09). <b>Conclusions</b> In transitional Albania, the risk of spousal violence is high, and more empowered women are at greater risk.
Disease Management Intervention on Quality and Outcomes of Dementia Care
Authors: Abid Iraqi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters3 July 2007Disease Management Intervention on Quality and Outcomes of Dementia CareAbid Iraqi, MDAbid Iraqi, MDFrom Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-1-200707030-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Vickrey and colleagues (1) highlight the substantial difference in care managers' adherence to dementia guideline–based disease management. In the study, the care managers were social workers. However, the authors did not mention how the physicians may have played a role in the difference.As the authors outline, providers in the intervention group had better knowledge of how to assess the patients' decision-making capacity and had a greater perception of the difficulty of dementia care management than did those in the usual care group. These physicians may have adhered more to the guidelines of dementia management than did ...Reference1. Vickrey BG, Mittman BS, Connor KI, Pearson ML, Della Penna RD, Ganiats TG, et al. The effect of a disease management intervention on quality and outcomes of dementia care: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:713-26. [PMID: 17116916] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Syracuse Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Effect of a Disease Management Intervention on Quality and Outcomes of Dementia Care Barbara G. Vickrey , Brian S. Mittman , Karen I. Connor , Marjorie L. Pearson , Richard D. Della Penna , Theodore G. Ganiats , Robert W. DeMonte Jr. , Joshua Chodosh , Xinping Cui , Stefanie Vassar , Naihua Duan , and Martin Lee Disease Management Intervention on Quality and Outcomes of Dementia Care Barbara G. Vickrey , Brian S. Mittman , and Joshua Chodosh Metrics Cited ByCommentary on “The Third Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, 2006.” Clinical guidelines are not enough: System‐wide, population‐based programs are needed to improve the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias 3 July 2007Volume 147, Issue 1Page: 69KeywordsCaregiversConflicts of interestDementiaHealth care qualityPerception ePublished: 3 July 2007 Issue Published: 3 July 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Evaluation of endogenous nitric oxide synthesis in congenital urea cycle enzyme defects
Authors: Hironori Nagasaka, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Tohru Yorifuji, Takashi Miida, Kei Murayama, Tomoko Tsuruoka, Tomozumi Takatani, Masaki Kanazawa, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki Okano, Masaki Takayanagi
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE COLON, AS SHOWN BY A CASE OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS TREATED BY OPERATION
Authors: M. S. Monier-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1906)

O*,-all the surgical diseases there are few, if any, which present the same constant similarity of symptoms, which result,in so many different pathological changes, and lead toisuch a variety of complications as acute appendicitis.The following is an illustration: Miss Z., a school teacher, aged 23, had been for several months failing in health, losing flesb, anaemic, suffering from
Bad blood? Survey of public's views on unlinked anonymous testing of blood for HIV and other diseases
Authors: A. Kessel
Journal: BMJ (2000)

to those with non-instrumental and uncomplicated deliveries.These strategies should limit the possibility that maternal factors or difficulties arising during delivery (that is, potential indications for episiotomy) are responsible for the observed associations. ConclusionsOur study raises concern about the efficacy of midline episiotomy in protecting the perineum and sphincters during childbirth and, moreover, implicates this procedure in the impairment of anal continence.For most end points in this study women who were given midline episiotomies were at a significantly higher risk than women who sustained spontaneous lacerations.Restriction of midline episiotomies to certain necessary indications 4 13 14 is reasonable in light of the procedure's documented association with high degree perineal tearing 6 15-18 and now evidence of a potential role in postpartum anal incontinence, independent of overt anorectal injury.Contributors: LBS had the original idea
High Blood Acetaldehyde Levels after Ethanol Administration
Authors: Mark A. Korsten, Shohei Matsuzaki, Lawrence Feinman, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Blood actaldehyde and ethanol levels were measured in 11 subjects, six with chronic alcholoism and five nonalcholic controls, after alcohol had been given intravenously. Despite a progressive fall in blood ethanol over a range of 54 to 33 mM/acetaldehyde did not decrease in any of the 11 subjects. The mean acetaldehyde plateau level was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in alcoholic (42.7 plus or minus 1.2 mum) than in nonalcoholic (26.5 plus or minus 1.5 mum) subjects. When the mean blood ethanol concentration reached 24 mM,the acetaldehyde plateau ended abruptly in each subject. The ethanol concentration at which this fall of blood acetaldehyde occurred suggests desaturation of an ethanol oxidizing system other than alcohol dehydrogenase and indicates that at high ethanol blood levels, such a system contributes to ethanol oxidation. The highet acetaldehyde levels in alcholism may result from both greater activity of this system and mitochondrial damage, and could contribut to the neurologic, hepatic and cardiac complications of alcoholism.
Influence of interleukin-8 challenge in the nasal mucosa in atopic and nonatopic subjects.
Authors: J A Douglass, D Dhami, C E Gurr, M Bulpitt, J K Shute, P H Howarth, I J Lindley, M K Church, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a major cytokine in the recruitment of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) to areas of inflammation. It also activates T lymphocytes and cytokine-primed basophils and eosinophils and therefore may be implicated as an effector in allergic inflammation. IL-8 has also been identified as a mediator in such inflammatory pulmonary conditions as cystic fibrosis, allergen challenge, and sarcoidosis. To investigate the bioactivity of IL-8 in humans, we examined the effects of nasal challenge with human recombinant IL-8 in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in which nasal resistance and rhinitic symptoms were monitored for 4 h after challenge. Cellular infiltration was quantified on differentially stained nasal smears obtained at hourly intervals. Cellular responses caused by in vivo priming were assessed by a comparison of atopic and nonatopic patient groups. A significant neutrophilic infiltrate in smear samples was observed in all patients challenged with IL-8 from 12 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) at baseline to 60 +/- 6% after 4 h; placebo challenge resulted in an increase in neutrophils to 30 +/- 4% (p < 0.04). Additionally, a significant increase in cumulative eosinophil recruitment occurred over the challenge period. Nasal resistance was significantly increased 10 min after instillation of IL-8 in all subjects compared with placebo, but there was no difference between atopic and nonatopic subjects. Nasal rhinitic symptoms were also increased in all subjects receiving IL-8 compared with placebo. In a further study in 19 subjects, nasal biopsy was performed 3 h after IL-8 or placebo challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Points from Letters: Sue or be Silent?
Authors: C. P. Rentoul
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1) That this commnittee agrees to ap- point an appropriate number of members to serve on its two District Medical Committees."(2) That if the General Medical Services Committee so advises, these members will not participate in-the work of the District Medical Committees until the ques- tion of remuneration or reimbursement for loss of earnings is agreed with the Depart- ment of Health and Social Security."-Weare, etc.,
The successful treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia with rituximab in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Gülsüm Emel Pamuk, Burhan Turgut, Muzaffer Demir, Fatma Tezcan, Özden Vural
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

The most frequent autoimmune complication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). There are various treatment modalities; however, there is not much experience with the use of the chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in the autoimmune complications of CLL. Here, we present our patient with CLL and AIHA whose AIHA was unresponsive to various treatment modalities. The administration of 375mg/m2/day rituximab weekly for four cycles halted hemolysis and resulted in resolution of the patient's anemia. One year after therapy, the patient is well with a normal blood count. Rituximab might be preferred over other treatment modalities in the autoimmune complications of CLL because it is effective and has fewer side effects than other therapies. Am. J. Hematol. 81:631–633, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Colonic Polyps in Acromegaly
Authors: Matthew B. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 August 1991Colonic Polyps in AcromegalyMatthew B. Smith, MDMatthew B. Smith, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-3-232 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In their recent article, Ezzat and colleagues (1) report the results of a prospective colonoscopic study of 23 acromegalic patients. Eight (35%) of these patients were found to have adenomatous polyps. The authors note that "this far exceeds the 12% (P < 0.01) frequency of polyps noted in normal persons." However, the study they cite as demonstrating the frequency of polyps in normal persons only estimated the prevalence of distal adenomas using a 60-cm sigmoidoscope (2).A more reasonable comparison would be to a sample of asymptomatic persons undergoing screening colonoscopy. Such a prospective study was recently...References1. Ezzat S, Strom C, and Melmed S. Colon polyps in acromegaly. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:754-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cannon-Albright L, Skolnick M, Bishop T, Lee R, and Burt R. Common inheritance of susceptibility to colonic adenomatous polyps and associated colorectal cancers. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:533-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Rex D, Lehman G, Hawes R, Ulbright T, and Smith J. Screening colonoscopy in asymptomatic average-risk persons with negative fecal occult blood tests. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:64-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. Ezzat S, Strom C, and Melmed S. Colon polyps in acromegaly. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:754-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Rex D, Lehman G, Hawes R, Ulbright T, and Smith J. Screening colonoscopy in asymptomatic average-risk persons with negative fecal occult blood tests. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:64-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Cannon-Albright L, Skolnick M, Bishop T, Lee R, and Burt R. Common inheritance of susceptibility to colonic adenomatous polyps and associated colorectal cancers. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:533-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Ituarte E, Petrini J, and Hershman J. Acromegaly and colon cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:627-8. LinkGoogle Scholar5. Pines A, Rosen P, Ron E, and Gilat T. Gastrointestinal tumors in acromeglic patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1985;80:266-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Matthew B. Smith, MDAffiliations: University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInsulin-Like Growth Factor I and the Development of Colorectal Neoplasia in Acromegaly*Does acromegaly really predispose to an increased prevalence of gastrointestinal tumours? 1 August 1991Volume 115, Issue 3Page: 232-233KeywordsAcromegalyAdenomasColonoscopyProspective studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypothyroidism Due to Ethionamide
Authors: Marie E. McDonnell, Lewis E. Braverman, John Bernardo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Ethionamide (Trecator-SC, Wyeth-Ayerst) is an antimycobacterial drug used as a second-line agent in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is structurally similar to m...
Abstract 2575: Differentiation of NUT midline carcinoma by epigenomic reprogramming
Authors: Brian Schwartz, Matthias Hofer, Madeleine Lemieux, Daniel Bauer, Michael Cameron, Nathan West, Elin Agoston, Tan Ince, Amanda Christie, Jon Aster, Stephen Sallan, Andrew Kung, James Bradner, Chris A. French
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a lethal tumor defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion proteins that act by arresting differentiation. Here, we explore the mechanisms underlying the ability of BRD4-NUT to prevent squamous differentiation. We find that overexpression of the twin bromodomains of BRD4 or a portion of NUT that binds the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) p300 induces NMC cells to differentiate, suggesting a model in which BRD4-NUT sequesters HATs in areas of acetylated chromatin. Consistent with this idea, knockdown of BRD4-NUT caused global increases in histone acetylation, whereas enforced expression of BRD4-NUT had the opposite effect. Sequestration of HATs appears to occur in nuclear BRD4-NUT foci, which correspond to specific genomic regions that are rich in acetylated histones but transcriptionally inactive. Of therapeutic interest, treatment of NMC cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) dispersed nuclear foci, restored histone acetylation, induced NMC cells to differentiate in vitro, and had anti-tumor effects in NMC xenograft models. The data suggest that this rational therapeutic approach merits further evaluation in patients with NMC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2575. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2575
Direct Admission to Hospitals Among Children in the United States
Authors: JoAnna K. Leyenaar, Meng-Shiou Shieh, Tara Lagu, Penelope S. Pekow, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

While a decade of research and policy interventions has begun to transform hospital discharge processes, research focused on hospital admissions is lacking. Emergency departments (EDs) are increasingly serving as portals of hospital admission, contributing to national concerns about ED volumes, wait times, and discontinuity of care.1Despite this, there is a paucity of research examining other options for hospital admission.

Direct admission, defined as admission to a hospital without receiving care in the hospital’s ED, is 1 alternative. Although direct admission has potential benefits for patients and health care systems, little is known about its use or effectiveness. To our knowledge, only 1 study has examined outcomes associated with pediatric direct admissions and there are no national statistics about the characteristics of this admission approach.2 To address this gap, we used a nationally representative data set to determine pediatric direct admission rates, characteristics, and costs relative to admission through EDs and characterize variation in direct admission rates across diagnoses and hospitals.