tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can We Prevent IDDM?
Authors: Edwin A M Gale, Polly J Bingley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

Diabetes always has been a defensive specialty for the physician. The treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) aims to mimic normal physiology, minimize hazards, palliate late complications, and offer guidance and support. It is essentially an exercise in damage limitation. Much can be achieved with current therapy, and microvascular complications can be prevented— or at least delayed—by improved glycemic control. Even so, current means of achieving safe near normoglycemia remain limited at best. Many of us hope and believe that, as the next millenium approaches, it will for the first time prove possible to assume the offensive, whether by restoring insulin secretion or halting the incipient disease process before clinical onset of IDDM. New and safer means of restoring normoglycemia are high on the research agenda for the established diabetic patient, but progress remains frustratingly slow. In contrast, work into the pathogenesis of IDDM continues to gather momentum 20 years after its human leukocyte antigen associations (1,2) and islet cell antibodies (ICAs) (3) were discovered.
The clinical safety of H<sub>1</sub>‐receptor antagonists: An EAACI position paper*
Authors: G. Passalacqua, J. Bousquet, C. Bachert, M. K. Church, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, L. Nagy, P. Szemere, R. J. Davies, S. R. Durham, F. Horak, K. Kontou‐Fili, H.‐J. Malling, P. van Cauwenberge, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (1996)
Tendoperiostitis in the lateral femoral condyle in long-distance runners.
Authors: P. H. Staff, S. Nilsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

In the thigh, muscle tears are uncommon amongst joggers, but muscle sheath tears with herniation are frequent, but insignificant.In the hip, trochanteric bursitis is very common.Avulsion fractures of the hamstring origin have been seen in young runners, as have avulsions of the sartorius origin.Osteoarthrosis of the hip joint is not infrequent among older joggers.Even after hip replacement, jogging may be resumed.If jogging is worth its complications, two quotations may be remembered: "It's a treat being a long-distance runner".(Alan Sillitoe) "In the long run, we are all dead".(John Maynard Keynes).
Increased &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/emph&gt; Virulence Demands New Treatment Approach
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

THE RAPID SPREAD OF A PARTICUlarly virulent strain of Clostridium difficile has prompted the development of new clinical guidelines that focus on how physicians should tailor treatment based on patients’ disease severity. Earlier guidelines, published 15 years ago, suggested that metronidazole and vancomycin were equally effective treatment for patients with C difficile infection. But clinical data that have emerged following recent reports of increased incidence, more severe symptoms, and higher death rates from C difficile demonstrated the need to reexamine existing treatment recommendations. The new guidelines, compiled by an expert panel from the Society of Healthcare Epidemiology (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, recommend that patients with mild to moderate symptoms receive metronidazole, but that those with severe disease be given oral vancomycin (http: //www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf /10.1086/651706).
Only half of British acute care hospitals stock all essential antidotes to poisons, survey shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Only half of acute care hospitals in Britain stock all the antidotes that national guidance recommends as essential for immediate availability to treat life threatening poisoning incidents, a survey shows.1

Researchers found “substantial variation” when they surveyed all 224 acute care hospitals in England, Wales, and Scotland on their stocks of the 29 antidotes that national guidance recommends should be available at all hospitals treating serious cases of poisoning.2

Only half—100 of the 196 hospitals that responded—held all the 11 antidotes that the guidance says should be immediately available (category A antidotes).

Most hospitals (90%) stocked commonly used category A antidotes. These included acetylcysteine (for paracetamol overdose), activated charcoal (to treat a range of swallowed …
B-type natriuretic peptide predicts cardiac injury and dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Poyee P. Tung, Alexander Kopelnik, Nader M. Banik, Michael Lawton, Daryl Gress, Barbara Drew, Elyse Foster, William Young, William Parmley, Jonathan G. Zaroff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Lessons from a pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Cathie Sudlow
Journal: BMJ (2005)

M y day job is as a neurologist and clinical researcher with a particular interest in stroke. I am also the mother of a healthy daughter, now 2 years old. There was nothing extraordinary about my experience of pregnancy and childbirth. However, the experience illustrated rather well to me three fundamental challenges facing health care and research: inequality in access and resources, the commercialisation of health and disease, and well meaning but misguided attempts to protect participants in medical research that can in fact harm both the participants and the research.

I received an impressive amount of easily accessible health care during an uncomplicated pregnancy: antenatal checks and classes, postnatal home visits from the midwife and health visitor, and regular drop-in sessions with the health visitor for advice, baby weighing, and socialising. If only we could provide patients who have some of the commonest neurological conditions (strokes, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis) and their carers with this kind of access to advice, information, and …
Office of Fair Trading is to look into private healthcare market in UK
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) is to investigate whether anticompetitive practices exist in the private healthcare market in the United Kingdom, as NHS reforms open the way to more use of private providers in the state health service in England.

The consumer watchdog said that its initial consultation indicated that “consumers of private healthcare may not be receiving the benefits of a fully competitive market.”

Despite its comprehensive state system of healthcare the UK has a mixed market of state and private providers. In 2009 the total value of the private healthcare market in the UK was estimated …
Social Workers in Hospitals
Authors: C. R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1973)

device.We have in fact described a device which meets these reauirements in full.1The first part, operated by the pressure of the oxygen supply, comes into operation when the oxygen is turned on and cannot be turned off.When the oxygen pressure begins to fall the device sounds a warning, then cuts off other vanours or eases and opens the breathing circunt to atm here.However, after failure little or no air is drawn in because rebreathing occurs to and from the reservoir bag and this could result in asvhyxia.The second Loart of the device is essential to Prevent this rebreathing.The whole device will ooerate whether the system is semi-open or closed and whether the rebreathing is spontaneous or artificial.The device is manufactured by the British Oxygen Conmany and the first part is al- ready freely available.However, the manu- facturer cannot yet give us a supply date for the complete devices, which have been on order now for more than two years.-Weare, etc.,
Actions of Cardiac Glycosides on the Vessels of the Forearm and Hand
Authors: W. E. Glover, M. J. D. Hanna, R. N. Speden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Ouabain given intravenously to normal subjects in therapeutic doses (0·5 mg) had little effect on blood flow or venous tone in the forearm or hand. Comparable doses given into the brachial artery also had no consistent effect; much larger doses caused constriction of the resistance but not of the capacity vessels.
Royal college calls for new policies to improve health outcomes of 11 million children
Authors: E. Parish
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health has called for the next UK government to “value our children” and reduce health inequality, in a new manifesto launched on Tuesday 18 November.1

Vision2015 aims to make health outcomes among the 11 million children in the United Kingdom similar to the best countries in the world. In the manifesto’s foreword, Hilary Cass, the college’s president, outlines five key areas for targeted improvement in child health. She wants an “equal focus given to our younger population,” to “improve the health of the nation as a whole.”

The manifesto says that early intervention is crucial, maintaining that “healthy children are more likely to be healthy adults.” Childhood obesity, unsurprisingly, features prominently. Current figures show that 26% of boys and 29% of girls in the …
Adrenergic effects on exocrine secretion of rat submandibular epidermal growth factor.
Authors: P S Olsen, P Kirkegaard, S S Poulsen, E Nexo
Journal: Gut (1984)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists on secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) from the rat submandibular glands and to test the possibility of intestinal absorption of EGF. Alpha-adrenergic agonists increased the concentration of salivary EGF by approximately a hundred times, while the serum concentration of EGF was unchanged. The contents of EGF in the submandibular glands decreased upon administration of the alpha-adrenergic agonist noradrenaline, and this was confirmed on immunohistochemical investigation of the glands. Beta-adrenergic agonists had no effect on secretion of EGF from the submandibular glands. Intestinal absorption of EGF could not be confirmed, as stimulation by noradrenaline with free passage of saliva to the gastrointestinal tract and intrajejunal infusion of EGF had no influence on the concentration of EGF in serum. This study shows that alpha-adrenergic agonists stimulate exocrine secretion of submandibular EGF and that EGF in physiological amounts are not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.
Tired and anxious
Authors: C. Gale, O. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 55 year old accountant presented to you three weeks ago. He said that he was tired, sad, tense, and had little enjoyment in life. His sleep had worsened and he had little energy. He reported that he had found some aspects of his work difficult during the past 15 years, especially formal presentations and work related social functions. He had been married for 27 years, and his two children were now at university. He did not recall anyone in his family having any serious mental health problems, although his mother was quite anxious, and his wife had been treated for depression three years ago. He could not think of any stressor in his life other than his work. His wife confirmed this and said that he has always avoided social events. His general health was unremarkable, and he was taking no drugs. He said he drank between two and five glasses of wine a day. You prescribed him a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and referred him to a counsellor, but she has advised him to see you again because he drinks up to five glasses of wine before any social situation. ### Short answers
Improving Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Neil M. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pyrexial Reactions during Haemodialysis
Authors: P. J. A. Robinson, S. M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The characteristics, circumstances, and treatment of 450 pyrexial reactions occurring in 468 patient-months over a period of two and a half years, using a warm single-pass Kiil system, were studied. There is a wide variation in severity of symptoms and morbidity. The incidence of pyrexial reactions has an epidemic pattern within the hospital unit. Patients on dialysis at home have reactions much less often than patients in hospital.Blood cultures taken from patients during each of the 450 reactions showed a growth on 38 occasions, but this was not significantly different from the incidence of positive cultures taken simultaneously from control patients during haemodialysis. Reactions were not correlated with bacterial growth from the blood compartment of the kidney before dialysis. There was no difference in incidence of reactions when using different types of equipment which were either a central tank distribution system with bedside monitors or chemically- or heat-sterilized individual proportioning pump systems. Reactions were also noted with the disposable coil kidney and recirculating single-pass (R.S.P.) system, but presented different features from those of the Kiil kidney.The incidence of reactions was not related to the albuminoid nitrogen content of the water supply. Reactions were not abolished by deionization of the tap-water.
Stress-Induced Fracture Involving a Nonossifying Fibroma
Authors: Laura A. Drubach, Susan A. Connolly, S Ted Treves, Leonard P. Connolly
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) is a common benign lesion in adolescents. NOF typically is replaced with normal bone during growth and is not clinically significant. In the presented case, fracture occurred through an NOF in the proximal tibial metadiaphysis of a 14-year-old male basketball player. Skeletal scintigraphy was instrumental in fracture diagnosis.
Book: Medicine Matters After All: Measuring the Benefits of Medical Care, a Healthy Lifestyle, and a Just Social Environment
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Which should we spend more on: medicine, health promotion, or social reform? In this monograph, John Bunker attempts to show why the government should make greater investments in medicine in order to improve the nation's health. But the author's aims are arguably less engaging than his methods. Selecting a handful of individual medical interventions and using data for disease incidence and intervention efficacy, Bunker calculates the decreases in population-level mortality and morbidity that … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Electron microscopic study of rheumatoid synovial vasculature. Intimate relationship between tall endothelium and lymphoid aggregation.
Authors: T Iguchi, M Ziff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The relationship between (a) "tallness" and (b) cross-sectional area of the endothelial cells (EC) of postcapillary venules (PCV) and capillaries and the cellular composition of adjacent perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates in rheumatoid (RA) synovial membrane has been examined by electron microscopy. "Tallness" of the EC was measured as the ratio of the height of the EC to its base (H/B). H/B showed a strong positive correlation with the number and percent of perivascular lymphocytes, i.e., the denser the lymphoid aggregation, the taller the EC. In contrast, H/B showed negative correlations with percent perivascular plasma cells, macrophages, and fibroblast(cyte)s. No such correlations were observed with pericapillary infiltrates. A computer-based morphometric technique yielded similar relationships between the cross-sectional area of the EC and the composition of the perivascular infiltrates. These results indicate that the EC of PCV in lymphocyte-rich areas of synovium tend to be tall and to occupy an increased fraction of the cross-sectional area of the vessel. In contrast, in areas rich in macrophages and plasma cells, EC tend to be flat and to occupy a smaller fraction of the cross-sectional area. PCV in uninfiltrated interstitial areas and in normal synovium had flat EC, and capillaries had flat EC regardless of the character of the surrounding infiltrate. Finally, PCV in lymphocyte-rich areas closely resembled those of tonsil in appearance. Our findings indicate that the PCV of the RA synovial membrane from which lymphocytes emigrate to form perivascular lymphoid aggregates resemble those of lymphoid tissue. They suggest that chronic inflammatory tissue and normal lymphoid tissue share mechanisms of lymphocyte emigration.
Deciphering the molecular and biologic processes that mediate histone deacetylase inhibitor–induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mark J. Bishton, Simon J. Harrison, Benjamin P. Martin, Nicole McLaughlin, Chloé James, Emma C. Josefsson, Katya J. Henley, Benjamin T. Kile, H. Miles Prince, Ricky W. Johnstone
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mortality From Abortion and Childbirth-Reply
Authors: David A. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  The Lanskas and Dr Rimm suggest that because cesarean delivery is more hazardous for women than vaginal delivery, 1  mortality caused by abortion should be compared with both vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery separately. Precise national data required to calculate these rates are unavailable; nevertheless, existing data 2 do not support the hypothesis that 90% of all maternal deaths are related to cesarean delivery.  Moreover, the suggested comparison would not be clinically useful. Approximately 16% 3 of women in the United States who give birth do so by cesarean delivery; a pregnant woman choosing between abortion and childbirth usually cannot predict which type of delivery she will have. A woman who chooses to carry her pregnancy to delivery is subject to the risks inherent in the process, regardless of their source. Hence, the appropriate comparison is between the mortality rate associated with all methods of abortion and
Effectiveness of AFP and ultrasound tests on hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in HCV-infected patients in the USA
Authors: H. B. El-Serag, J. R. Kramer, G. J. Chen, Z. Duan, P. A. Richardson, J. A. Davila
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> The effectiveness of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the USA is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of HCC surveillance in a national Veterans Administration (VA) practice setting, using the national VA hepatitis C virus (HCV) Clinical Case Registry. <h3>Method</h3> The cohort consisted of 1480 HCV-infected patients who developed HCC during 1998–2007. The timing and intensity of receiving α-fetoprotein (AFP) and abdominal ultrasound (US) for HCC surveillance were evaluated. Overall mortality risk was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for demographics, clinical features and receipt of HCC-specific treatment. <h3>Results</h3> The mean survival was 1.8 years following the HCC diagnosis date. Surveillance AFP or US were recorded in 77.8% of patients within 2 years prior to HCC diagnosis. Annual surveillance with both AFP and US was observed in only 2% of patients. The presence of either AFP or US surveillance during both 0–6 month and 7–24 month periods before HCC diagnosis was associated with a lower mortality risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.82) compared with no surveillance. Receipt of two or more surveillance tests in the 0–6 months (HR 0.76 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88) and to a lesser extent in the 7–12 months (HR 0.81 95% CI 0.1 to 0.99) prior to HCC diagnosis was also associated with reduced mortality risk. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Most patients with HCV-related cirrhosis do not receive regular imaging-based surveillance. The effectiveness of HCC surveillance tests in current clinical practice is rather modest in reducing HCC-related mortality.
Risk factors and mortality of healthcare-associated and community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: M. Bassetti, E.M. Trecarichi, A. Mesini, T. Spanu, D.R. Giacobbe, M. Rossi, E. Shenone, G.D. Pascale, M.P. Molinari, R. Cauda, C. Viscoli, M. Tumbarello
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Lymphoreticular dysfunction in idiopathic steatorrhoea.
Authors: C F McCarthy, I D Fraser, K T Evans, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Lymphoreticular function has been studied by measurement of the size of the spleen, by lymph node histology, red cell survival studies, and by antibody formation.Evidence of lymphoreticular atrophy was found in four out of 25 patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea but wr s not found among 29 patients with coeliac disease.The manifestations of idiopathic steatorrhoea that bring the patient to seek medical attention are usually diarrhoea or some deficiency state such as anaemia or osteomalacia.Rarer manifestations or complications of the disease include intestinal reti- culosis (Gough, Read, and Naish, 1962), hypogam- maglobulinaemia (Huizenga, Wollaeger, Green, and McKenzie, 1961), and splenic atrophy (Engel, 1939).All three of these latter conditions indicate injury or alteration to the lymphoreticular system, and because of this the following study was under- taken to investigate lymphoreticular function in patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODSPATIENTS Twenty-five patients with idiopathic steator- rhoea were studied.In all of these the diagnosis was confirmed by duodenal or jejunal biopsy.Twenty-nine patients with coeliac disease were studied.Sixteen of these had the characteristic histological features of the condition.In the other 13 the diagnosis was indicated by the presence of steatorrhoea, abnormal intestinal radiology, and a favourable response to a gluten-free diet.The term 'coeliac disease' is used to describe those in whom the diagnosis was made before the age of 15 years.Many, of course were older than this when the present study was carried out.The term 'idiopathic steatorrhoea' is reserved for those who were diagnosed after this age.This arbitrary distinction is made to separate the coeliac group, all of whom presented to a paediatric department.Case histories of patients 1, 2, and 3 are given as an appendix.The 50 patients in the post-splenectomy group had their operations at least one year before they were studied.The reasons for splenectomy were trauma, either external or because the spleen was damaged during partial or total gastrectomy, idiopathic thrombocy- topenic purpura, hereditary spherocytosis, lienorenal anastomosis in patients with portal hypertension, and myelosclerosis.Twenty-five in-patients with peptic ulcer served as controls.Spleen size Spleen size was studied in 21 of the patients with idiopathic steatorrhoea and in 24 of the 140 on July 11, 2023 by guest.