tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation: The LIFE study
Authors: Kristian Wachtell, Björn Hornestam, Mika Lehto, David J. Slotweiner, Eva Gerdts, Peter Aurup, Björn Dahlöf, Hans ibsen, Stevo Julius, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Markku S. Nieminen, Jens E. Rokkedal, Richard B. Devereaux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Shock Wave Therapy for Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: George H. Theodore
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone Disease in End-Stage Renal Failure-Reply
Authors: Richard J. Glassock
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Many causes of bone disease in patients with end-stage renal disease have been recognized. As Dr Daves appropriately points out, phosphate depletion induced by overzealous administration of phosphatebinding antacids may be a cause of such bone disease.<sup>1</sup>However, my purpose in highlighting aluminum intoxication as a cause of bone disease in patients with end-stage renal failure was primarily to review some of the recent developments in this rapidly emerging field, rather than to indicate the overall importance of aluminum intoxication in the spectrum of bone disease observed in advanced renal failure in both patients who have undergone dialysis and in those who have not. I must differ with Dr Daves' suggestion that aluminum intoxication would not be expected to produce a reduction in bone formation, a conclusion he derives from a comparison with the effects of other toxins such as lead and fluoride. Abundant data in both
Anson and McVay Surgical Anatomy
Authors: John E. Skandalakis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is the sixth edition of<i>Anson and McVay's Surgical Anatomy</i>. With the death of Dr Barry J. Anson, Dr Chester B. McVay assumes sole authorship, but much of Dr Anson's lifetime of experience in anatomy remains. Dr McVay is a great anatomist in his own right, as well as an experienced practicing surgeon. This happy combination of surgery and anatomy gives to the medical student, the teacher of anatomy, the surgical resident, and the practicing surgeon the real anatomic basis for surgery. It is gratifying to see this book appear at a turning point in the history of anatomy. It presents information usefully arranged for the needs of the operating surgeon. The format of this edition is unchanged and fewer than 100 pages have been added. As before, the complete index is at the end of each volume, a feature that greatly aids the user. Dr McVay has
Direct regulation of complex I by mitochondrial MEF2D is disrupted in a mouse model of Parkinson disease and in human patients
Authors: Hua She, Qian Yang, Kennie Shepherd, Yoland Smith, Gary Miller, Claudia Testa, Zixu Mao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The transcription factors in the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family play important roles in cell survival by regulating nuclear gene expression. Here, we report that MEF2D is present in rodent neuronal mitochondria, where it can regulate the expression of a gene encoded within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Immunocytochemical, immunoelectron microscopic, and biochemical analyses of rodent neuronal cells showed that a portion of MEF2D was targeted to mitochondria via an N-terminal motif and the chaperone protein mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHsp70). MEF2D bound to a MEF2 consensus site in the region of the mtDNA that contained the gene NADH dehydrogenase 6 (ND6), which encodes an essential component of the complex I enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system; MEF2D binding induced ND6 transcription. Blocking MEF2D function specifically in mitochondria decreased complex I activity, increased cellular H(2)O(2) level, reduced ATP production, and sensitized neurons to stress-induced death. Toxins known to affect complex I preferentially disrupted MEF2D function in a mouse model of Parkinson disease (PD). In addition, mitochondrial MEF2D and ND6 levels were decreased in postmortem brain samples of patients with PD compared with age-matched controls. Thus, direct regulation of complex I by mitochondrial MEF2D underlies its neuroprotective effects, and dysregulation of this pathway may contribute to PD.
Human X-linked variable immunodeficiency caused by a hypomorphic mutation in XIAP in association with a rare polymorphism in CD40LG
Authors: Stéphanie Rigaud, Eduardo Lopez-Granados, Sophie Sibéril, Geoffrey Gloire, Nathalie Lambert, Christelle Lenoir, Cindy Synaeve, Maria Stacey, Lars Fugger, Jean-Louis Stephan, Alain Fischer, Capucine Picard, Anne Durandy, Helen Chapel, Sylvain Latour
Journal: Blood (2011)
Nonfatal Cervical Spine Injuries in Interscholastic Football
Authors: John P. Albright
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The incidence of nonfatal neck injuries in high school football was determined by performing preseason examinations in 104 active high school players and 75 college freshman candidates. Coaches of all 430 Iowa high schools were asked to recall the number of players experiencing significant neck pain during the season. A detailed questionnaire for each injury was also completed by a sample population of 60 coaches. The incidence of roentgenographic evidence of neck injuries was as high as 32% and was related to years of experience. Injury was most likely to occur to a linebacker or a defensive halfback when they tackled the ball carrier. In the preseason examination, half the players who volunteered a history of significant neck pain had abnormal x-ray films. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1243-1245, 1976)
The role of ICP0-Null HSV-1 and interferon signaling defects in the effective treatment of breast adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jeff L. Hummel, Ekaterina Safroneeva, Karen L. Mossman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate in cancer cells have been described for over 50 years. Despite the observation by several groups that multimutated herpes simplex type 1 vectors are oncolytic in a variety of murine tumor models, the oncolytic potential of ICP0 null mutants has not been described. This study characterizes a novel second-generation oncolytic herpes simplex type 1 vector null for the ICP0 gene. We tested three mutant viruses and found that all were selectively cytotoxic in a variety of human and murine tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a mechanistic link between ICP0's function in interferon signaling pathways and the observed oncolytic capacity of ICP0 mutants. Using an immunocompetent murine model of breast adenocarcinoma we demonstrate that the ICP0 mutant KM100 completely eradicates tumors in ∼80% of treated animals and significantly increases survival. Our data suggest that active viral replication is necessary for effective tumor regression. In addition, we characterized the potential of KM100 as an anti-tumor vaccine since cured mice were found to elicit a robust anti-tumor immune response and were refractory to subsequent tumor growth upon rechallenge.
Abstinence Rates in an Alcoholism Treatment Program-Reply
Authors: O. W. Neubuerger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  In response to the letter of Dr George P. Susens, we furnish a table listing the additional numbers. They were not included in the original article because our intent was to study the effect of a treatment program, not the natural history of alcoholism.  These additional 201 patients were, therefore, not followed up for one year, as the original group was. They seem to be a similar group in that their mean age was 53.2 years and that 80% were male and 20% were female. We know of 11 who died within a year of the original hospital admission; there may well be more. Forty-five of the group were readmitted for treatment at a later date and are not included in the outcome study.  Currently, we are gathering data for a five-year follow-up report that will include follow-up ofallpatients, whether treated or not. We hope
Homologous Recombination as an Evolutionary Force in the Avian Influenza A Virus
Authors: C.-Q. He, Z.-X. Xie, G.-Z. Han, J.-B. Dong, D. Wang, J.-B. Liu, L.-Y. Ma, X.-F. Tang, X.-P. Liu, Y.-S. Pang, G.-R. Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs), including the H5N1, H9N2, and H7N7 subtypes, have been directly transmitted to humans, raising concerns over the possibility of a new influenza pandemic. To prevent a future avian influenza pandemic, it is very important to fully understand the molecular basis driving the change in AIV virulence and host tropism. Although virulent variants of other viruses have been generated by homologous recombination, the occurrence of homologous recombination within AIV segments is controversial and far from proven. This study reports three circulating H9N2 AIVs with similar mosaic PA genes descended from H9N2 and H5N1. Additionally, many homologous recombinants are also found deposited in GenBank. Recombination events can occur in PB2, PB1, PA, HA, and NP segments and between lineages of the same/different serotype. These results collectively demonstrate that intragenic recombination plays a role in driving the evolution of AIVs, potentially resulting in effects on AIV virulence and host tropism changes.
A REPORT OF THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS BY THE INHALATION OF ANTISEPTIC VAPORS.
Authors: GEORGE W. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The antiseptic value of drugs in the treatment of phthisis is well recognized by the profession. But how to administer them in sufficient strength and quantity to control the tubercular and septic processes has been the problem. If administered by the stomach in sufficient strength and quantity to properly saturate the lungs, the stomach and lower alimentary tract is so irritated that the digestive function is greatly deranged. Hence nature's method of controlling the disease by vital resistance is much impaired. If introduced directly into the lungs by parenchymatous injection, so much irritation is produced that an exudate is thrown out which occludes the finer air passages preventing the introduction of the medicaments. For two years I have had the medical direction of the Cook County, Illinois, institution. During this period I have treated a great many cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and have always given the patients the benefit of
The behavioral economics of addiction: A comprehensive alternative
Authors: Edmund Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Heyman's target article makes a strong case for a behavioral approach to addiction, yet some important assumptions require justification, and promising behavioral alternatives to the author's melioration approach should be considered. In particular, the behavioral economic approach to addiction appears well developed and comprehensive. How does the melioration approach complement or improve on a behavioral economic account?
THE EFFECT OF INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER PLACEMENT ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS FOR LOWER EXTREMITY DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
Authors: Chad Joseph Zack, Huaqing Zhao, Eric Choi, Grayson Wheatley, Alfred Bove, Riyaz Bashir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tumor Volume Analysis and Tumor Doubling.
Authors: A. Gordon, J. Stebbing, M. Shousha, R. Coombes
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Volume is the most sensitive and accurate parameter to assess tumor response to treatment. We have proposed that data be expressed as volume in cubic centimetres TVA (Tumor Volume Analysis)1. When we applied TVA to a breast cancer trial and converted the data from diameter centimetres to volume in cubic centimetres the differences were statistically signifcant2.Three dimensional measurements: Volume measurements are most accurate if all three dimensions are measured to record any asymmetric growth[ref]. In Table 1 diameter permutations are shown of a 3cm mass together with percentage changes in each example. This demonstrates the extent that changes in the lesser two axes of a mass affect tumor volume. Accurate 3D volume measurement is essential to estimate tumor doubling.Tumor Doubling and Redoubling: Tumor doubling for a carcinoma is quoted as under 177 days [ref] or under 500 days[ref]. With a mean of 100 days[ref] or 117 days[ref]. Much of the work has been carried out on metastatic pulmonary nodules of various tumors. An early paper did quote doubling times as by diameter and provided a graph to convert data into volume8. A calculator has been described and patented to provide these functions2.Tumor Doubling Time (TDT): Tumor doubling can be regarded as an increase in volume over a unit of time[8, ref]. We propose this TDT be quantified with the period of growth expressed in days for example TDT 120 implies a tumor doubling time of 120 days. A formula that does allow for exponential growth assuming a constant growth is as follows: TDT = D x log(2)/log(1+ r/100). Where TDT = tumor doubling time; D = interval in DAYS between volume measurements; r = rate of growth; r/100 = (Vol 2-Vol 1)/Vol 1 x 100%. This option for measuring tumor doubling can be added as a fourth and further facility to the calculator already described [Patent PCT/GB07/003526]2Conclusions: 1. Tumor doubling is qualified by volume changes in cm3. Tumor doubling time (TDT) in days quantifies tumor doubling. 2. Measurement of TDT can be made as an extra facility on the calculator already described. The calculator can be used to estimate TDT using two measured volumes and the interval in days. 3. A similar formula can also be used to measure downsizing in response to neoadjuvant therapy as complete response time (CRT).References:1. SABCS 2007 Poster # 2021Tumor Volume Analysis. A better way than RECIST? [A B Gordon, J Stebbing, R C Coombes]2. SABCS 2008 Poster # 4023 Tumor Volume Analysis in Clinical Oncology. [A B Gordon, J Stebbing, R C Coombes] 8. V P Collins et al. Observations on Growth Rates of Human Tumours. American Journal of Roentgenology. V. 76 p. 988-1000 1956Table 1. Volume Calculation of Three Dimensional MassSHAPE SphereOne Diameter3x3x3cm14.14cm3100%TangerineTwo Diameters3x3x2cm9.42cm367%EggTwo Diameters3x2x2cm6.28cm344%CigarTwo Diameters3x1x1cm1.57cm311%DateThree Diameters3x2x1cm3.14cm322% Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5030.
Local myocardial electrogram and potassium concentration changes in superficial and deep intramyocardium and their relations with early ischaemic ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: H. MORI, K. SAKURAI, T. MIYAZAKI, S. OGAWA, Y. NAKAMURA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Bipolar myocardial electrograms and extracellular potassium concentrations were simultaneously monitored using double barrelled probes during 30 min of acute ischaemia in 15 dogs in vivo. The responsiveness of the time from the onset of the limb lead electrocardiogram to the peak deflection of the local electrogram to extracellular potassium changes was more prominent in superficial intramyocardium than in deep intramyocardium, despite similar changes in potassium concentration in both layers. The changes in electrogram duration and amplitude were related to extracellular potassium concentration both in superficial and deep intramyocardium. Immediate phase ventricular arrhythmias (within the first 10 min of acute ischaemia) were characterised by delayed activity mainly due to an increase in the time to peak of the electrogram in superficial intramyocardium. In contrast, in dogs showing delayed phase arrhythmias (within 10-30 min of acute ischaemia) delayed activity associated with pronounced changes in potassium concentration and electrogram duration and amplitude were noted in deep intramyocardium. Thus the two phasic appearances of early ischaemic ventricular arrhythmias with different origins seem to be related to the features of the conduction pathway in superficial intramyocardium and the severe local electrogram changes associated with a pronounced increase in extracellular potassium concentration in deep intramyocardium.
Tumor hypoglycemia: relationship to high molecular weight insulin-like growth factor-II.
Authors: E T Shapiro, G I Bell, K S Polonsky, A H Rubenstein, M C Kew, H S Tager
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The mechanism of tumor-associated hypoglycemia was examined in 11 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 6 of whom presented with severe hypoglycemia and 5 in whom plasma glucose was persistently normal. Serum insulin levels in the hypoglycemic patients were low. Although total serum insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) levels in both groups of tumor patients were lower than normal, tumor tissue from hypoglycemic patients contained levels of IGF-II mRNA that were 10-20-fold higher than those present in normal liver. IGF-II immunoreactivity consisted in all cases of a mixture of both higher molecular weight forms and material having the character of IGF-II itself. The former comprised a greater proportion of total IGF-II, in patients with hypoglycemia. Studies to characterize the interactions of IGF-II with serum proteins showed that (a) the radiolabeled peptide bound to an approximately 40,000-D protein in sera from both hypoglycemic patients and normal subjects, (b) sera from hypoglycemic patients and normal subjects had similar capacity to bind the radiolabeled peptide, and (c) the apparent affinities of serum binding proteins for IGF-II were the same for both hypoglycemic patients and normal subjects. Whereas, acid extracted, tumor-derived IGF-II immunoreactive peptides with low or intermediate molecular weights bound to serum proteins in a manner indistinguishable from that of IGF-II itself, the highest molecular weight IGF-II immunoreactive peptide exhibited negligible ability to compete for radiolabeled ligand binding to serum proteins. The low affinity of serum binding proteins for this component suggests that high molecular weight IGF-II immunoreactivity might circulate free and be available for interaction with cell-surface receptors.
Outcomes after combined use of intraoperative MRI and 5-aminolevulinic acid in high-grade glioma surgery
Authors: Bawarjan Schatlo, Javier Fandino, Nicolas R. Smoll, Oliver Wetzel, Luca Remonda, Serge Marbacher, Wolfgang Perrig, Hans Landolt, Ali-Reza Fathi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Previous studies have shown the individual benefits of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and intraoperative (i)MRI in enhancing survival for patients with high-grade glioma. In this retrospective study, we compare rates of progression-free and overall survival between patients who underwent surgical resection with the combination of 5-ALA and iMRI and a control group without iMRI.In 200 consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas, we recorded age, sex, World Health Organization tumor grade, and pre- and postoperative Karnofsky performance status (good ≥80 and poor <80). A 0.15-Tesla magnet was used for iMRI; all patients operated on with iMRI received 5-ALA. Overall and progression-free survival rates were compared using multivariable regression analysis.Median overall survival was 13.8 months in the non-iMRI group and 17.9 months in the iMRI group (P = .043). However, on identifying confounding variables (ie, KPS and resection status) in this univariate analysis, we then adjusted for these confounders in multivariate analysis and eliminated this distinction in overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.23, P = .34, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.86). Although 5-ALA enhanced the achievement of gross total resection (odds ratio: 3.19, P = .01, 95% CI: 1.28, 7.93), it offered no effect on overall or progression-free survival when adjusted for resection status.Gross total resection is the key surgical variable that influences progression and survival in patients with high-grade glioma and more likely when surgical adjuncts, such as iMRI in combination with 5-ALA, are used to enhance resection.
Influence of smoking and plasma factors on patency of femoropopliteal vein grafts.
Authors: S. Wiseman, G. Kenchington, R. Dain, C. E. Marshall, C. N. McCollum, R. M. Greenhalgh, J. T. Powell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the effects of smoking, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and fibrinogen on the patency of saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass grafts at one year.Prospective study of patients with saphenous vein femoropopliteal bypass grafts entered into a multicentre trial.Surgical wards, outpatient clinics, and home visits coordinated by two tertiary referral centres in London and Birmingham.157 Patients (mean age 66.6 (SD 8.2) years), 113 with patent grafts and 44 with occluded grafts one year after bypass.Cumulative percentage patency at one year.Markers for smoking (blood carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (p less than 0.05) and plasma thiocyanate concentration (p less than 0.01) and plasma concentrations of fibrinogen (p less than 0.001) and apolipoproteins AI (p less than 0.04) and (a) (p less than 0.05) were significantly higher in patients with occluded grafts. Serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in patients with grafts that remained patent one year after bypass (p less than 0.005). Analysis of the smoking markers indicated that a quarter of patients (40) were untruthful in their claims to have stopped smoking. Based on smoking markers, patency of grafts in smokers was significantly lower at one year by life table analysis than in non-smokers (63% v 84%, p less than 0.02). Patency was significantly higher by life table analysis in patients with a plasma fibrinogen concentration below the median than in those with a concentration above (90% v 57%, p less than 0.0002). Surprisingly, increased plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was significantly associated with improved patency at one year (85%) at values above the median compared with patency (only 68%) at values in the lower half of the range (p less than 0.02).Plasma fibrinogen concentration was the most important variable predicting graft occlusion, followed by smoking markers. A more forceful approach is needed to stop patients smoking; therapeutic measures to improve patency of vein grafts should focus on decreasing plasma fibrinogen concentration rather than serum cholesterol concentration.