tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pten/PI3K pathway governs the homeostasis of Vα14iNKT cells
Authors: Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Toshiaki Ohteki, Nobuyuki Yajima, Koichi Kawahara, Miyuki Natsui, Satoru Kawarasaki, Koichi Hamada, Yasuo Horie, Yoshiaki Kubo, Seiji Arase, Masaru Taniguchi, Bart Vanhaesebroeck, Tak Wah Mak, Toru Nakano, Shigeo Koyasu, Takehiko Sasaki, Akira Suzuki
Journal: Blood (2006)
Realigning Incentives to Achieve Health Care Reform
Authors: Barry S. Coller
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acquired Hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: John P. Canby
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE MOST FEARED complication of adenotonsillectomy is postoperative bleeding. Numerous papers have dwelt on the role of good surgical hemostasis in its prevention. Others have examined the part drugs may play in altering blood coagulability. The literature does not contain any reports of acquired hypofibrinogenemia as a cause of post-operative hemorrhage. Observation of a patient who exhibited this disorder after adenotonsillectomy seems worth reporting. It leads to speculation concerning the frequency with which this condition may play an important part in postoperative bleeding. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 9-year-old female was admitted for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. She had suffered 8 to 10 episodes of tonsillitis per year, frequently associated with otitis media. She had no history of other serious illnesses, easy bruising, or of a bleeding tendency. Examination revealed a well-developed, well-nourished girl, weighing 73 lbs. She was approximately 5 ft tall. She had moderately large tonsils, several palpable anterior
CNS-Directed Therapy for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Childhood ALL Collaborative Group Overview of 43 Randomized Trials
Authors: M. Clarke, P. Gaynon, I. Hann, G. Harrison, G. Masera, R. Peto, S. Richards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: A collaborative meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relative effects on relapse and survival of different types of therapies directed at the CNS in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Materials and Methods: Data were sought for each individual patient in all trials started in or before 1993 that included unconfounded randomized comparisons of such treatments. Log-rank survival analyses were performed for each trial, and overall results for groups of trials addressing similar questions were obtained from the totals of the observed minus expected number of events and their variances. Results: Radiotherapy and long-term intrathecal therapy gave similar outcomes, with no significant difference in event-free survival despite random assignment of treatment to 2,848 patients, 1,001 of whom suffered relapse or death. Intravenous methotrexate reduced non-CNS rather than CNS relapses, and hence, the addition of intravenous methotrexate to a treatment regimen including radiotherapy or long-term intrathecal therapy improved event-free survival, with a 17% reduction in the event rate (95% confidence interval, 6% to 27%; P = .003). The event-free survival at 10 years in these trials was 61.9% without intravenous methotrexate and 68.1% with intravenous methotrexate. There was no significant difference in survival (14% death rate reduction; P = .09). There were insufficient randomly assigned patients to adequately address other questions, such as effect of different doses. No evidence was found of differences, between trials or between subgroups of different types of patients, in the relative effects of treatment. Conclusion: Radiotherapy can be replaced by long-term intrathecal therapy. Intravenous methotrexate gives some additional benefit by reducing non-CNS relapses.
PWE-157 Early Tips (transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt) For Acute Variceal Bleeding Complicating Alcoholic Hepatitis (ah)
Authors: S Alam, E Britton, U Shaikh, J Evans, P Richardson
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The ideal management of variceal bleeding in the setting of acute alcoholic hepatitis is unclear. We present the outcome of this subgroup of patients in a cohort of patients treated with primary TIPS for variceal bleeding. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis on patients who had TIPS procedure performed as a primary treatment modality within 72 h of acute variceal bleeding from December 2010 to April 2013 with a minimum of 6 months follow up was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 56 patients were included into the final analysis. In AH patients (n = 18) mean age was 48 years (30–65), mean discriminant function (DF) was 51 (24–87) and mean MELD score was 22. The 6 month mortality was 50%(9/18) with (7/9) dying within 30 days. The median HVPG (mmHg) pre-TIPS and post-TIPS were 16.5 and 6.5 respectively. In non-AH patient (n = 38) average age was 51y (25–70) mean MELD score was 14 (22–7). The mortality was 13% (5/38) at 6 months, (3/5) died by day 30. The median HVPG (mmHg) pre-TIPS and post-TIPS was 23 and 10 respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with variceal bleeding complicating AH there is a higher 30 day and 6 month mortality in patients managed with a primary TIPS in comparison to patients with cirrhosis. The ideal management of this complex group remains unclear. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Hospitals are invited to contribute to testing checklist for safer births
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Institutions around the world are being urged to take part in a study to assess a World Health Organization initiative to make birth safer for mothers and babies. A pilot study in India showed that it was effective.

WHO launched its Safe Childbirth Checklist last November (http://bit.ly/12izvGJ). This week it organised a webinar urging research institutions around the world to use the checklist and to feed back results.

Itziar Larizgoitia, from WHO’s patient safety programme, said that the checklist would be finalised and officially launched in 2015.

She said, “It’s extremely important that the checklist is a tool that contributes to improvements in best practice and that it is capable of being used by different countries around the world. It has to be usable and effective in diverse circumstances.”

The idea for the checklist was …
Organ Transplantation: Meanings and Realities
Authors: Robert M. McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Renée C. Fox has been called out of a self-imposed retirement from a lifetime in research of the sociology, ethics, and morality of end-stage diseases and their treatment by transplantation. She elected to lead a distinguished panel of scholars in one final research project on death, dying, the prolongation of life by technology, and the "clinical or sociological practices of transplantation in the modern hospital."<i>Organ Transplantation</i>grew out of that project, which was sponsored by the Park Ridge Center for the Study of Health, Faith and Ethics in Chicago, Ill. The subject matter is in many ways a counterpart or follow-up to Fox and Judith Swazey's<i>Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society</i>, in which Fox explained her reasons to abandon the field. The<i>Organ Transplantation</i>group delved into the multicultural ethnic, mystical, mythological, and spiritual concepts of life, death, and reincarnation of the body across a broad spectrum
Matrilysin 1 Influences Colon Carcinoma Cell Migration by Cleavage of the Laminin-5 β3 Chain
Authors: Lionel Remy, Cécile Trespeuch, Sophie Bachy, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Patricia Rousselle
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Matrilysin 1 [matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7)] is one of the most important metalloproteinases expressed in human tissues. This enzyme is generally not expressed by normal differentiated epithelial colon cells, but has been shown to be up-regulated in human colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Little is known about the role of MMP7 in cell invasion and its involvement in proteolytic processes. By searching the ligands of MMP7 in the colonic carcinoma cells HT29, we identified laminin-5/laminin-332 (LN5) as a specific target for MMP7 enzymatic activity. LN5, composed of α3, β3, and γ2 chains, is an important component of epithelial basement membranes where it induces firm adhesion and hemidesmosome formation. In this study, we show that LN5 and MMP7 are coexpressed in HT29 cells as well as in HT29 xenograft tumors and human colorectal adenocarcinomas. We provide evidence that human LN5 is a ligand for MMP7 and that a specific cleavage occurs in its β3 chain, giving rise to a carboxyl-terminal β3 chain fragment of 90 kDa. We have identified the MMP7 cleavage site at position Ala515-Ile516 in the β3 chain. Videomicroscopic analysis of HT29 cells plated on LN5 substrates reveals that the MMP7-processed LN5 significantly enhances cell motility. Moreover, the delayed migration of HT29 cells obtained after specific inhibition of MMP7 reinforces the hypothesis supporting its involvement in cell migration. Altogether, our results show that MMP7 is likely to play a crucial role in the regulation of carcinoma cell migration by targeting specific proteolytic processing of the LN5 β3 chain. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(23): 11228-37)
T cells from Allergic Asthmatic Patients are Inherently Resistant to nTreg and TGFβ-mediated Suppression: the Importance of the ERK1/2 of Signaling Pathway
Authors: S. Gogate, Q. Liang, A. Hanifi, M. Gorska, R. Alam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: E. R. Myers
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Dr Hankinson and colleagues 1 recently reported a strong inverse association between tubal ligation and ovarian cancer, with a weaker inverse association between simple hysterectomy and ovarian cancer, using the Nurses' Health Study cohort, thereby confirming previous observations in retrospective studies. 2,3 Weiss and Harlow 4 had previously suggested that the observed protective effect of prior pelvic surgery might result from examination of the ovaries at the time of surgery, with subsequent removal of abnormal ovaries; in this way, asymptomatic malignant or premalignant ovaries would have been selectively removed from the surgery group, falsely reducing the true relative risk. Hankinson et al attempted to minimize the potential for this detection bias in two ways: by requiring a minimum 4-year interval from the time of tubal ligation to the beginning of the defined risk period, and by examining medical records to determine how many ovarian cancers were detected
Role of Endothelium-derived CC Chemokine Ligand 2 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Olivier Sanchez, Elisabeth Marcos, Frédéric Perros, Elie Fadel, Ly Tu, Marc Humbert, Philippe Dartevelle, Gérald Simonneau, Serge Adnot, Saadia Eddahibi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Inflammatory cytokines may affect pulmonary vascular remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is synthesized by vascular cells and can stimulate monocyte/macrophage migration and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation.To investigate the role of CCL2 in IPAH.CCL2 levels in plasma, monocytes, lungs, and medium from pulmonary endothelial cell (P-EC) or pulmonary artery SMC (PA-SMC) cultures were measured by ELISA and Western blot analysis. CCL2 receptor CCR2 mRNA levels in monocytes, P-ECs, and PA-SMCs were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Effect of CCL2 on PA-SMC proliferation and migration was assessed using [3H]thymidine incorporation and a modified Boyden's chamber. The effect of endothelial cell-derived CCL2 on monocyte migration was measured using a modified Boyden's chamber.Compared with control subjects, we found the following in patients with IPAH: elevated CCL2 protein levels in plasma and lung tissue, whereas monocyte CCL2 levels were similar between patients and control subjects, and elevated CCL2 release by P-ECs or PA-SMCs. P-ECs released twice as much CCL2 than did PA-SMCs. Monocyte migration was markedly increased in the presence of P-ECs, and the increase was larger with P-ECs from patients with IPAH. CCL2-blocking antibodies reduced P-ECs' chemotactic activity by 60%. Compared with controls, PA-SMCs from patients exhibited stronger migratory and proliferative responses to CCL2, in keeping with the finding that CCR2 was markedly increased in PA-SMCs from patients.These results suggest that CCL2 overproduction may be a feature of the abnormal P-EC phenotype in IPAH, contributing to the inflammatory process and to pulmonary vascular remodeling.
HOXA genes are included in genetic and biologic networks defining human acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Jean Soulier, Emmanuelle Clappier, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Armelle Regnault, Marina García-Peydró, Hervé Dombret, André Baruchel, Maria-Luisa Toribio, François Sigaux
Journal: Blood (2005)
The First Year of the Emergency Maternity and Infant-Care Program in Massachusetts
Authors: Florence L. McKay, Sallie Saunders, Etta Bloom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE Emergency Maternity and Infant-Care Program in Massachusetts completed its first year on September 2, 1944. The following discussion relates primarily to the administrative phase of the program rather than to the medical findings. Participating in this program were more than 2000 physicians and 130 hospitals, the latter representing nearly all the 137 licensed hospitals giving maternity service in Massachusetts. During the first year, 13,703 cases were authorized for care. Of these, 12,035 (88 per cent) were maternity cases and 1668 (12 per cent) were infant cases. The total expenditure of funds for the first year was $591,644.76.§Maternity Cases . . .
ATLAS-AXIS DISLOCATION FOLLOWING CERVICAL INFECTION
Authors: ROBERT C. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Dislocation of the axis on the atlas is often traumatic (frequently with fracture of the odontoid process and resultant damage to the cord), but it may also occur as a sequel to cervical infections. This second cause brings the patient into the field of the otorhinolaryngologist, who deals with infections in this region and who must recognize the source of the dislocation. <h3>ANATOMY</h3> To understand the mechanics of this dislocation one must know the anatomy of the articulations and ligaments.<sup>1</sup> There are three articulations: the lateral ones are arthrodial diarthroses because of the flattened articulating surfaces; the third, a rotary diarthrosis, median in position, lies between the smooth anterior surface of the odontoid process and the articular facet on the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas. A synovial membrane lines each of the three joints and, in addition, there is a synovial sac between the odontoid
The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase2/CD39L1 is expressed in a novel functional compartment within the liver
Authors: Jonathan A. Dranoff, Emma A. Kruglov, Simon C. Robson, Norbert Braun, Herbert Zimmermann, Jean Sévigny
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Extracellular nucleotides regulate diverse biological functions and are important in the regulation of liver metabolism, hepatic blood flow, and bile secretion. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and are therefore potential regulators of nucleotide-mediated signaling. To examine this, we have contrasted the structural and functional distributions of the 2 characterized membrane-bound NTPDases NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 within the rat liver. Hepatic expression of NTPDase2 was determined and contrasted to NTPDase1 using confocal immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot analysis, Western blot analysis, and functional assays. NTPDase2 was expressed in the periportal region surrounding intrahepatic bile ducts, whereas NTPDase1 was found in hepatic arteries, portal veins, and hepatic central veins, consistent with its known vascular distribution. Functional and molecular expression of NTPDase2 was shown in portal fibroblasts near basolateral membranes of bile duct epithelia. In conclusion, NTPDase2 is expressed in a novel cellular compartment surrounding intrahepatic bile ducts, namely portal fibroblasts. This distribution may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism for regulation of nucleotide signaling in bile ducts and other epithelia.
Abstract A5: Cytotoxic Extracts of Ethnomedicinal Plants: Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) and Echinacea angustifolia
Authors: Olena T. James, E. Lewis Myles
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Phytochemical and other natural compounds are historically established as cures for many ailments in rural America and other developing countries. Our lab is testing plants that show potential for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. The family Asteraceae and the family Berberidacae are very well known for their values as medicinal plants. More specifically, the genus species Echinacea angustifolia and genus species Podophyllum peltatum commonly known as the Mayapple, both are noted for their unique medicinal purposes. The crude methanol extracts of these plants were tested against human metastatic cell lines representing breast (MCF-7), (BT-549) and colon (SW620) tissues. Trypan blue exclusion is used to determine viable cell counts. Alamar BlueTM and florescent analysis were used to evaluate the cytoxicity of the extracts. Analysis of the crude extracts of Echinacea angustifolia has shown on MCF-7, BT-549, and SW620 that most of them exhibit anticancer activity against the cell lines at the maximum concentration of 200 μg/mL. In particular, less diluted concentrations have demonstrated exceptional inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging between 0.10–15 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, analysis of the crude extracts of Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) has shown on MCF-7, BT-549 and SW620 some anticancer activity against cell lines at the maximum concentration of 200 μg/mL. More specifically, the more diluted concentrations have demonstrated exceptional growth inhibition with IC50 values ranging between 2–8 μg/mL Citation Format: Olena T. James, E. Lewis Myles. Cytotoxic Extracts of Ethnomedicinal Plants: Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) and Echinacea angustifolia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A5.
Fatal Poisoning With Podophyllum Resin
Authors: Sükrü Kaymakcalan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the communication, "Podophyllum Resin Poisoning With Complete Recovery" (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>639 [Aug 24] 1964), by Balucani and Zellers. Their case being only the fifth case of podophyllum resin poisoning in the literature, I would like to report a short history of another, this one a legal matter for which all records were sent to me by the Turkish health authorities. The patient was a 45-year-old woman with a Krukenberg tumor of the ovary. The entire abdomen was infiltrated by metastases and the tumor was considered inoperable. To test the antitumoral effect of podophyllum resin, the physician in charge injected intravenously 6 ml of a podophyllum resin solution (1.5 gm of podophyllum resin in 100 ml of alcohol). The patient died a short time later. She had received 90 mg of podophyllum resin, and chemical analysis showed that this amount of the resin contains
Relative contribution of humoral and metastatic factors to the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia in malignancy.
Authors: S H Ralston, I Fogelman, M D Gardiner, I T Boyle
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Some relations between metastatic bone disease and calcium homoeostasis were determined in a consecutive series of 81 patients with solid malignant tumours attending for radionuclide bone scans. Biochemical evaluation showed that bone resorption from metastatic disease was generally not enough to account for hypercalcaemia. While skeletal metastases were present in about half of the patients who developed hypercalcaemia, biochemical indices of bone resorption in these subjects were greatly increased and disproportionate to the extent of metastatic disease detected by the bone scans. Furthermore, a reduced renal phosphate threshold and increased tubular calcium reabsorption were generally observed in hypercalcaemic patients when compared with their normocalcaemic counterparts. These findings suggest that in most cases malignancy associated hypercalcaemia may be caused by the release of a humoral factor by tumour tissue which exhibits "parathyroid-hormone-like" activity with regard to bone resorption, renal phosphate threshold, and renal calcium handling. It may be postulated that this putative humoral mediator predisposes to hypercalcaemia both by stimulating generalised osteolysis and in most cases also by impairing the renal excretion of the resultant increase in filtered calcium load. While hypercalcaemia may arise as a result of metastatic bone disease alone, these data indicate that this may be the exception rather than the rule. Hence the term "metastatic hypercalcaemia" should probably be reserved for patients with extensive skeletal tumour disease in whom biochemical evaluation fails to yield evidence of an underlying humorally mediated cause.
Effect of MHC and non-MHC donor/recipient genetic disparity on the outcome of allogeneic HCT
Authors: Edus H. Warren, Xinyi Cindy Zhang, Shuying Li, Wenhong Fan, Barry E. Storer, Jason W. Chien, Michael J. Boeckh, Lue Ping Zhao, Paul J. Martin, John A. Hansen
Journal: Blood (2012)
REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH PANIC DISORDER
Authors: K Koster, S W Woods, E O Smith, I G Zubal, J H Krystal, D S Charney, P B Hoffer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Koster, K.; Woods, S. W.; Smith, E. O.; Zubal, I. G.; Krystal, J. H.; Charney, D. S.; Hoffer, P. B.Author Information
Colonoscopic Barotrauma Treated by Conservative Management: Role of High-Flow Oxygen Inhalation
Authors: G. K. Makharia, K. Madan, P. K. Garg, R. K. Tandon
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Most patients with colonoscopy-induced colonic perforation require urgent surgical intervention. Certain patients may, however, recover with conservative management. If the colonic perforation has been induced by barotrauma, there may be an extravasation of air which may lead to collection and tracking of air along the tissue planes, involving the retroperitoneum, peritoneal cavity, mediastinum, pleura, pericardium, or even the scrotum. The conservative treatment of colonic perforation includes bowel rest and antibiotics. Absorption of air collected in different body cavities may take some time, and inhalation of high-concentration oxygen may enhance the rate of gaseous absorption. We describe here a patient with colonic perforation induced by barotrauma, who recovered fully on conservative management with inhalation of high-concentration oxygen. We recommend that this approach should be used more frequently in such a situation.