tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cardioprotective effects of recombinant soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-immunoglobulin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: Alexander Hansen, Anjali Kumar, David Wolf, Kamilla Frankenbergerova, Arthur Filusch, Marie-Luise Gross, Sebastian Mueller, Hugo Katus, Helmut Kuecherer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Telemedicine: an important aid to perform high-quality endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in low-volume centers
Authors: H. Påhlsson, K. Groth, J. Permert, F. Swahn, M. Löhr, L. Enochsson, L. Lundell, U. Arnelo
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate whether telemedicine can help to ensure high-quality endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients living in rural areas. The study was conducted by investigators from two centers: the Karolinska University Hospital, a high-volume center which provided the teleguided support, and the Visby District Hospital, a low-volume center. <b>Patients and methods:</b> From September 2010 to August 2011, 26 ERCP procedures performed at a district hospital were teleguided by an experienced endoscopist at the Karolinska University Hospital. To ensure patient data protection, all communication went through a network (Sjunet) that was separate from the Internet and open only to accredited users. The indications for ERCP were common bile duct stones (n = 12), malignant strictures (n = 12), and benign biliary strictures (n = 2). In 15 cases, this was the patient’s first ERCP procedure. <b>Results:</b> The common bile duct was successfully cannulated in all 26 teleguided procedures. The local endoscopist scored the teleguided support as crucial for the successful outcome in 8 /26 cases, as an important factor in 8, and as being of less importance in the remaining 10. In the eight cases where the teleguided support was judged to be crucial, six subsequent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography procedures and two repeat ERCPs were avoided. The overall cannulation rate at the district hospital improved from 85 % to 99 % after teleguided support was introduced. No procedure-related complications occurred. <b>Conclusion:</b> Distant guidance of advanced ERCP procedures in a low-volume center, through teleguided support from a high-volume center, has the potential to improve the quality of care, as reflected in high cannulation rates and the ability to complete the scheduled interventions.
Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Adults with Septic Shock. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Djillali Annane, Jean-François Timsit, Bruno Megarbane, Claude Martin, Benoit Misset, Bruno Mourvillier, Shidasp Siami, Jean-Luc Chagnon, Jean-Michel Constantin, Franck Petitpas, Bertrand Souweine, Roland Amathieu, Xavier Forceville, Claire Charpentier, Antoine Tesnière, Jean Chastre, Julien Bohe, Gwenhael Colin, Alain Cariou, Alain Renault, Christian Brun-Buisson, Eric Bellissant
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

A decade after drotrecogin alfa (activated) (DAA) was released on the market worldwide, its benefit-to-risk ratio remains a matter of debate.The current investigator-led trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAA, in combination with low-dose steroids, in adults with persistent septic shock.This was a multicenter (24 intensive care units), placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2 × 2 factorial design trial in which adults with persistent septic shock and no contraindication to DAA were randomly assigned to DAA alone (24 μg/kg/h for 96 h), hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone alone, their respective combinations, or their respective placebos. Primary outcome was mortality rate on Day 90.On October 25, 2011, the trial was suspended after the withdrawal from the market of DAA. The Scientific Committee decided to continue the trial according to a two parallel group design comparing low-dose steroids with their placebos and to analyze the effects of DAA on patients included before trial suspension. At the time trial was suspended, 411 patients had been recruited, 208 had received DAA, and 203 had received its placebo. There was no significant interaction between DAA and low-dose steroids (P = 0.47). On Day 90, there were 99 deaths (47.6%) among the 208 patients receiving DAA and 94 deaths (46.3%) among the 203 patients receiving placebo (P = 0.79). There was no evidence of a difference between DAA and its placebo for any secondary outcomes or serious adverse events.In adults with established and severe septic shock, DAA showed no evidence of benefit or harm. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00625209).
Remarks on Psoriasis
Authors: J. Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1878)

itisn.MEbA.4L 5".YE.AZ.peritoneal Mrface;,impart to its endothelial or subendothelial connec- tive tissue cells a capability of producing growths similar to themselves ?It seems to me that the whole question of the methods of recurrence and infection in malignant disease is too little understood for us to give a positive answer as to which of these theories is the correct one.But, looking to what we have learnt from skin-grafting and from the re- searches of Creighton and others on cancer, I think the second theory seems the most probable one."
ROLE OF NEUTROPHILS-PLATELETS INTERACTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Luigi M. Biasucci, Roberta Della Bona, Massimo Gustapane, Gina Biasillo, Maria Teresa Cardillo, Milena Leo, Maria Chiara Grimaldi, Mario Gabriele, Raimondo De Cristofaro, Giovanna Liuzzo, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
High Tidal Volume Ventilation Causes Different Inflammatory Responses in Newborn versus Adult Lung
Authors: Ian B. Copland, Francisco Martinez, Brian P. Kavanagh, Doreen Engelberts, Colin McKerlie, Jaques Belik, Martin Post
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We investigated the effect of high VT ventilation on adult and newborn rats by examining pulmonary injury and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA). On the basis of compliance, edema formation, and histology, ventilation with 25 ml·kg−1 was more injurious to adult rats than newborns. Ventilation with 40 ml kg−1 minimally affected compliance in newborns but caused death in adults. Ventilation of adults for 30 minutes at 25 ml kg−1 upregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and IL-10, whereas in newborns such ventilation only increased mRNA expression of MIP-2 and IL-10. When VT was raised to 40 ml kg−1 in newborns, IL-1β mRNA levels were additionally increased at 30 minutes, whereas ventilation for 3 hours additionally increased IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. In newborns, the addition of 100% oxygen (O2) to 30 minutes of ventilation blunted the high VT induction of IL-1β, IL-10, and MIP-2 mRNA expressions, whereas at 3 hours, 100% O2 concentration synergistically increased the mRNAs for TNF-α and IL-6. Overall, adult rats are more susceptible to high VT–induced lung injury compared with newborns. In newborns, the inflammatory response is dependent on VT, duration, and supplemental O2. Thus, recommendations for VT limitation based on adult data may be inappropriate for newborns.
Herbimycin A, a pp60c-src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and hypercalcemia in vivo.
Authors: T Yoneda, C Lowe, C H Lee, G Gutierrez, M Niewolna, P J Williams, E Izbicka, Y Uehara, G R Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Since absence of expression of the c-src gene product in mice indicates that the pp60c-src tyrosine kinase is required and essential for osteoclastic bone resorption, we tested the effects of the antibiotic herbimycin A, which is an inhibitor of pp60c-src on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and on hypercalcemia in vivo. We examined the effects of herbimycin A on the formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts in mouse long-term marrow cultures, on isolated rodent osteoclasts and on bone resorption in organ cultures of fetal rat long bones stimulated by parathyroid hormone. We found that herbimycin A in concentrations of 1-100 ng/ml inhibited bone resorption in each of these systems. We determined the effects of herbimycin A (100 ng/ml) on src tyrosine kinase activity in mouse marrow cultures and found that it was decreased. Herbimycin A also decreased elevated blood calcium levels that were induced either by repeated subcutaneous injections of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha or by a human tumor. There was no evidence for toxicity in any of these culture systems or in mice treated with herbimycin A. A different tyrosine kinase inhibitor that does not inhibit pp60c-src was used as a control and caused none of these effects. These data suggest that pp60c-src tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be useful pharmacologic inhibitors of osteoclastic bone resorption and hypercalcemia.
Pneumococcal Disease during HIV Infection
Authors: Edward N. Janoff, Robert F. Breiman, Charles L. Daley, Philip C. Hopewell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪Objective:To characterize the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and immunologic risk factors for infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and to delineate a practical approach for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections. ▪Data Sources: English-language articles from Index Medicus and their references as well as abstracts from conference proceedings that compared rates as well as clinical and microbiologic features of S. pneumoniae infections in HIV-infected patients. ▪Study Selection: All human studies that included denominators, appropriate control groups, or sufficient clinical descriptions and animal studies with key immunologic observations were cited. ▪Data Extraction: We compared epidemiologic and clinical responses to pneumococcal disease in HIV-infectedpatients and control subjects and correlated clinical and experimental data on immunologic defects associated with HIV infection with those on regulation of pneumococcal infections. ▪Data Synthesis: Among patients with HIV infection, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease is high, bacteremia is a common complication of pneumonia, and relapses occur frequently. However, the clinical presentation, response to therapy, and serotypes isolated are similar to those in persons without HIV infection, and mortality is similar or lower. Specific local and systemic defects in host defense, particularly humoral immunity, may contribute to the high incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. ▪Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of invasive bacterial respiratory disease in adults and children with HIV infection. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy are associated with a favorable clinical outcome. Characterizing the specific immunologic defects associated with invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected patients may facilitate development of successful, cost-effective strategies for prophylaxis.
Stable Transgene Expression in Mice Generated from Retrovirally Transduced Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Sanae Hamanaka, Tsukasa Nabekura, Makoto Otsu, Hisahiro Yoshida, Michio Nagata, Joichi Usui, Satoru Takahashi, Toshiro Nagasawa, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Masafumi Onodera
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Silencing of transduced genes hampers production of transgenic mice using retroviral vectors. We show stable expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene in chimeric mice generated from retrovirally transduced embryonic stem cells. The vector was a murine stem cell virus-typed retroviral vector (GCDsap) in which the long terminal repeat and primer-binding site were derived from a PCC4 cell-passaged myeloproliferative sarcoma virus and the endogenous retrovirus dl587rev, respectively. To increase the viral titer, the vector was packaged with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, which allowed concentration of the virus into pellets followed by resuspension in serum-free medium. In chimeric mice, EGFP was detected in various tissues including hematopoietic cells, neurons, cardiac muscle, and intestine. Furthermore, high expression was maintained in the progeny of these mice, suggesting successful germline transmission of active proviruses. Although the proportion of EGFP-expressing cells and the mean intensity of EGFP expression varied among tissues and mice, 100% of peripheral blood leukocytes expressed EGFP in mice carrying a single provirus copy, as well as in their progeny. Therefore, the gene transfer system described here provides a useful tool not only to generate transgenic animals but also to manipulate human embryonic stem cells..
PTH-052 How The New Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry And Patient Management System (ibd-r/pms) Has Help Define The Future Of Our District General Ibd Service
Authors: MW Johnson, K Lithgo, T Price
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2013 the Luton and Dunstable (LandD) University Hospital, became the first hospital in UK to pilot the new IBD-R/PMS. The PMS was designed by clinicians to be quick and easy to use, at the point of care, to facilitate best clinical practice. The system is live with PAS details, accessible throughout the Trust and provides up-to-date information consolidated in one place with real-time data collection. The IBD-Registry aims to provide the UK with its first ever national IBD statistics, by pooling some of this anonymised data centrally. <h3>Objective</h3> To reviewed the effects of IBD-R/PMS on a DGH’s IBD Service. <h3>Methods</h3> The LandD looks after 2780 IBD patients. Data from 2571 of these patients has been uploaded, with pre-existing data on 1200 being ported over from an old Rotherham database. The IBD-R/PMS can analyse the service and individuals workloads, to help provide service reports and evidence of self worth for the IBD nurse specialists role. The new National IBD Standards (E2) advocates the use of electronic clinical management systems. When patients phoned up “out of the blue”, clinical staff can quickly access clinical summary sheets, just by using a name search. To-date we have had no complaints or concerns about data inputting or security issues. Instead patients felt reassured and confident that staff were well informed about their condition. The instant generated clinic letters have been a particular success with both patients and GPs. <h3>Results</h3> The dashboard facility gives an instant overview of our local IBD cohort, revealing 2571 (as of Jan 2014), 1280 with UC, 934 with Crohn’s, 77 with IBD unclassified and 59 with microscopic colitis. It takes 4–5 min to upload the basic details in clinic, although complex histories take longer. There were 1072 telephone and virtual clinic contacts recorded between Jan-Nov 2013. The time spent on the IBD phone line was 943 min, with a further 940 min spent dealing with these issues. This work saved 149 clinic visits. Data reports sent to our CCG provided evidence of this service and enabled an income generation not previously claimed for. The IBD-R/PMS identified 913 clinic visits and 173 inpatient reviews. Experience using the worklist functions now allow us to better monitor colonoscopy surveillance, schedule MDT patients and regulate azathioprine reviews. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The IBD-R/PMS has been a huge success, with relatively little effort on our behalf. It would be difficult now to go back to paper based reporting. There are still benefits yet to be fully appreciated. The service reports have been easy to generate and strongly assisted in our bid to fund 2 additional IBD nurses. Further integration is expected to reduce duplication with our own IBD-SSHAMP project, IBD-GRS and the Biologics Audit. <h3>Disclosure of Interest.</h3> None Declared.
P219 Is there a role for conventional transbronchial needle aspiration in the endobronchial ultrasound era?
Authors: U. H. Oltmanns, P. Perera, M. Slade
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> It is believed by some that endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) will render conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA) obsolete. We sought to explore this question. <h3>Methods</h3> Data on both conventional (n=33) and a randomly selected equal number of EBUS-guided TBNA (n=33), performed to biopsy mediastinal lymph nodes (LN), between August 2008 and May 2010, were extracted from a prospective database of bronchoscopy procedures. Measured variables were age, sex, sampled LN stations and sizes, sample results and final diagnoses for LN and underlying patient diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-eight LN from 4 different LN stations in the cTBNA group and 46 LN from 5 different LN stations in the EBUS group were sampled. LN were significantly larger in the cTBNA group (median 2.65 cm, range 0.90–7.00 cm) compared to the EBUS-TBNA group (median 1.45 cm, range 0.60–3.00 cm; p&lt;0.001). Accurate diagnoses were obtained in 29/33 (88%) cTBNA cases and 26/33 (79%) EBUS-TBNA (p=0.51, Fisher9s exact test). cTBNA confirmed 23 lung cancers, 1 lymphoma, 3 benign conditions and 2 true negative cases confirmed surgically. Four false negative LN samples were diagnosed with lung cancer (n=3) and sarcoidosis (n=1) by other methods. EBUS-TBNA provided an accurate diagnosis in 26 patients (lung cancer, n=14; other malignancy, n=2; benign cases, n=7; true negative, n=3). Five false negative cases were subsequently diagnosed with lymphoma (n=1), lung cancer (n=3) and other malignancy (n=1). One non-diagnostic sample without further diagnostic clarification was considered false negative. A further sample with possible malignant cell contamination was considered false positive. <h3>Discussion</h3> In a centre with access to both techniques, selected patients with mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy can be investigated with cTBNA without compromising diagnostic accuracy. Across the UK, cTBNA is potentially widely available, and requires minimal capital investment compared to EBUS-TBNA. We believe that cTBNA remains an attractive first-line diagnostic procedure for chest physicians.
Outcomes of a patient-to-patient outbreak of genotype 3a hepatitis C
Authors: Mark E. Mailliard, Mary E. Capadano, Matthew J. Hrnicek, Richard K. Gilroy, James M. Gulizia
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Between March 2000 and July 2001, at least 99 persons acquired a hepatitis C virus genotype 3a (HCV-3a) infection in an oncology clinic. This nosocomial HCV outbreak provided an opportunity to examine the subsequent clinical course in a well-defined cohort. This was a retrospective/prospective observational study of the short-term significant health outcomes of a large, single-source, patient-to-patient HCV-3a outbreak. Outbreak patients or their legal representatives consenting to study were enrolled between September 2002 and December 2007. We measured history and physical examinations, medical records, HCV serology, HCV RNA and genotype, liver enzymes, histology, response to antiviral therapy, and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Sixty-four of the 99 known HCV-3a outbreak patients participated. During a 6-year period, six patients developed life-threatening complications from liver disease, three died, one received a liver transplant, and two were stable after esophageal variceal banding or diuretic therapy of ascites. Thirty-three patients underwent antiviral therapy, with 28 achieving a sustained viral remission. One patient acquired HCV-3a infection sexually from an outbreak patient and was successfully treated. Eleven study patients died of malignancy, including two that had achieved a sustained viral remission after antiviral therapy.Our patient cohort had a nosocomial source and an oncologic or hematologic comorbidity. Compared with previous HCV outcome studies, a patient-to-patient HCV outbreak in an oncology clinic exhibited significant morbidity and mortality. Attention is needed to the public health risk of nosocomial HCV transmission, emphasizing infection control, early diagnosis, and therapy.
Abstract 2817: An RNA aptamer is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Partha Ray, Bruce A. Sullenger, Rebekah R. White
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are usually non-specific and late. Existing tumor markers (such as CA19-9 and CEA) are neither sensitive nor specific enough to serve as useful screening tests. Tools for earlier detection could increase the proportion of patients who are cured with surgical resection. Aptamers are oligonucleotide ligands that are identified from large libraries of RNA or DNA molecules using an iterative selection process known as SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). Aptamers bind their specific targets with high affinity and specificity and can be used for the dual purpose of identifying novel biomarkers and detecting them in biological specimens. Methods: In order to select for aptamers against molecules that are selectively secreted by cancerous cells but not by normal cells, “positive/negative” SELEX was performed using the conditioned media (the “secretome”) of the MiaPaCa2 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line (positive selection) and the immortalized, non-cancerous human pancreatic ductal cell line HPDE (negative selection). Standard radioactive filter-based binding assays were used to measure binding. Results/Conclusion: We have successfully selected several nuclease resistant (2′-fluoro-modified) RNA aptamers that differentially bind the secretome of pancreatic cancer cells compared to non-cancerous cells. One of the aptamers (M9-5) binds pancreatic cancer patient sera with high affinity compared to control sera collected from healthy donors. So far, the aptamer has demonstrated specific binding in 20 of 22 patients with histologically-proven pancreatic cancer and none of 20 healthy donors. In addition, paired serum samples obtained from two patients pre- and post-chemoradiation therapy and one patient pre- and two months post-resection have demonstrated a decrease in M9-5 binding with decreased tumor burden. Notably, the serum CA19-9 and CEA levels in several of these patients were normal, indicating that our biomarker might be more sensitive than these existing serum biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. M9-5 binding to the MiaPaCa2 “secretome” is sensitive to Proteinase K treatment indicating that the aptamer target is a protein. Currently, we are using a biotinylated version of the aptamer to affinity purify the target and identify it by mass-spectrometric techniques. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2817