tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ERRγ Mediates Tamoxifen Resistance in Novel Models of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
Authors: Rebecca B. Riggins, Jennifer P-J. Lan, Uwe Klimach, Alan Zwart, Luciane R. Cavalli, Bassem R. Haddad, Li Chen, Ting Gong, Jianhua Xuan, Stephen P. Ethier, Robert Clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract One-third of all estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast tumors treated with endocrine therapy fail to respond, and the remainder is likely to relapse in the future. Almost all data on endocrine resistance has been obtained in models of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) comprise up to 15% of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancers each year and, whereas the incidence of IDC has remained relatively constant during the last 20 years, the prevalence of ILC continues to increase among postmenopausal women. We report a new model of Tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant invasive lobular breast carcinoma cells that provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of endocrine resistance. SUM44 cells express ER and are sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of antiestrogens. Selection for resistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen led to the development of the SUM44/LCCTam cell line, which exhibits decreased expression of ERα and increased expression of the estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ). Knockdown of ERRγ in SUM44/LCCTam cells by siRNA restores TAM sensitivity, and overexpression of ERRγ blocks the growth-inhibitory effects of TAM in SUM44 and MDA-MB-134 VI lobular breast cancer cells. ERRγ-driven transcription is also increased in SUM44/LCCTam, and inhibition of activator protein 1 (AP1) can restore or enhance TAM sensitivity. These data support a role for ERRγ/AP1 signaling in the development of TAM resistance and suggest that expression of ERRγ may be a marker of poor TAM response. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):8908–17]
Use of Nonprescription Weight Loss Products
Authors: Heidi Michels Blanck, Laura Kettel Khan, Mary K. Serdula
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Lifestyle changes to lose weight can be difficult; hence, both prescription and nonprescription diet products are appealing. Usage patterns of the nonprescription products phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and ephedra are of particular interest because of recent safety concerns.To estimate the prevalence of overall and specific nonprescription weight loss product use by demographic characteristics, prescription diet pill use, diabetic status, and lifestyle choices.The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in 1998 in 5 states: Florida, Iowa, Michigan, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.Population-based sample of 14 679 noninstitutionalized adults 18 years or older.Prevalence of nonprescription weight loss product use in 1996-1998.Seven percent reported overall nonprescription weight loss product use, 2% reported PPA use, and 1% reported ephedra product use. Overall use was especially common among young obese women (28.4%). Moreover, 7.9% of normal-weight women reported use. There was no difference in nonprescription weight loss product use by daily consumption of fruits and vegetables; however, more users than nonusers reported being physically active (for those who exercised >/=30 minutes 5 times per week, odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0). Among prescription weight loss product users, 33.8% also took nonprescription product.With increasing rates of obesity, nonprescription product use is likely to increase. Clinicians should know about their patients' use of both prescription and nonprescription weight loss products.
Antigenically Distinct MF59-Adjuvanted Vaccine to Boost Immunity to H5N1
Authors: Iain Stephenson, Karl G. Nicholson, Katja Hoschler, Maria C. Zambon, Kathy Hancock, Joshua DeVos, Jacqueline M. Katz, Michaela Praus, Angelika Banzhoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The authors report on an open-label study of an MF59-adjuvanted vaccine against avian influenza. The findings indicate that priming subjects with H5 antigen induces a rapidly mobilized, long-lastin...
Valproic Acid Prolongs Survival Time of Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice Bearing Intracerebellar Orthotopic Medulloblastoma Xenografts
Authors: Qin Shu, Barbara Antalffy, Jack Meng Feng Su, Adekunle Adesina, Ching-Nan Ou, Torsten Pietsch, Susan M. Blaney, Ching C. Lau, Xiao-Nan Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To develop novel orthotopic xenograft models of medulloblastoma in severe combined immunodeficient mice and to evaluate the in vivo antitumor efficacy of valproic acid. Experimental Design: Orthotopic xenografts were developed by injecting 103 to 105 tumor cells from four medulloblastoma cell lines (D283-MED, DAOY, MHH-MED-1, and MEB-MED-8A) into the right cerebellum of severe combined immunodeficient mice. Animals were then examined for reproducibility of tumorigenicity, cell number-survival time relationship, and histopathologic features. Tumor growth was monitored in vivo by serially sectioning the xenograft brains at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postinjection. Valproic acid treatment, administered at 600 μg/h for 2 weeks via s.c. osmotic minipumps, was initiated 2 weeks after injection of 105 medulloblastoma cells, and treated and untreated animals were monitored for differences in survival. Changes in histone acetylation, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis in xenografts were also evaluated. Results: Tumorigenicity was maintained at 100% in D283-MED, DAOY, and MHH-MED-1 cell lines. These cerebellar xenografts displayed histologic features and immunohistochemical profiles (microtubule-associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin) similar to human medulloblastomas. Animal survival time was inversely correlated with injected tumor cell number. Treatment with valproic acid prolonged survival time in two (D283-MED and MHH-MED-1) of the three models and was associated with induction of histone hyperacetylation, inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis, and enhancement of apoptosis and differentiation. Conclusion: We have developed intracerebellar orthotopic models that closely recapitulated the biological features of human medulloblastomas and characterized their in vivo growth characteristics. Valproic acid treatment of these xenografts showed potent in vivo anti-medulloblastoma activity. These xenograft models should facilitate the understanding of medulloblastoma pathogenesis and future preclinical evaluation of new therapies against medulloblastoma.
Tomographic gated blood pool radionuclide ventriculography: Analysis of wall motion and left ventricular volumes in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: James R. Corbett, Donald E. Jansen, Samuel E. Lewis, Gregory I. Gabliani, Pascal Nicod, Neil G. Filipchuk, Gregory A. Redish, Marvin S. Akers, Christopher L. Wolfe, James S. Rellas, Robert W. Parkey, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Discovery of six new susceptibility loci and analysis of pleiotropic effects in leprosy
Authors: Hong Liu, Astrid Irwanto, Xi'an Fu, Gongqi Yu, Yongxiang Yu, Yonghu Sun, Chuan Wang, Zhenzhen Wang, Yukinori Okada, Huiqi Low, Yi Li, Herty Liany, Mingfei Chen, Fangfang Bao, Jinghui Li, Jiabao You, Qilin Zhang, Jian Liu, Tongsheng Chu, Anand Kumar Andiappan, Na Wang, Guiye Niu, Dianchang Liu, Xiulu Yu, Lin Zhang, Hongqing Tian, Guizhi Zhou, Olaf Rotzschke, Shumin Chen, Xuejun Zhang, Jianjun Liu, Furen Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Legislative aspects of hazardous waste management.
Authors: M Friedman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

In the fall of 1976 Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, commonly referred to as RCRA. The objective of the statute is to create an orderly system for the generation, handling and disposal of hazardous waste by means of a comprehensive tracking and record keeping mechanism. RCRA does not regulate directly by statute so much as it delegates rule making authority to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pursuant to its mandate to develop regulations in accordance with the broad criteria of RCRA, EPA has published extensive regulations. These regulations address hazardous waste generation, transportation, treatment, storage and handling and its final disposal. The statute also offers remedies available to both EPA and the public at large to ensure enforcement of the provisions of RCRA and the EPA regulations. Additionally, it sets guidelines for states to implement their own hazardous waste management programs. This article is intended to introduce this complicated statutory/regulatory package to scientists and health professionals. It outlines the provisions of RCRA and the EPA regulations, abbreviates early judicial decisions interpreting these provisions and sets forth a brief description of various state approaches to hazardous waste management.
The Premature Baby Book: A Parent's Guide to Coping and Caring in the First Years
Authors: Elizabeth R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>The Premature</i>Baby Book by Helen Harrison with Ann Kositsky is an outstanding addition to the lay literature about preterm birth. Parents faced with the sudden problem of a tiny baby who often requires neonatal intensive care need a source both of information for immediate help in understanding the complex medical problems faced by their newborns and of long-term guidance in what to expect after taking their baby home. This book is also an excellent source of services and organizations that can be of help to the new parent of a preterm newborn. The book can be viewed as having three sections. The first, chapters 1 through 4, deals with the immediate crisis of the birth. Parents often go through periods of anger and then guilt. In the second chapter, "Why Me?" the authors review the myriad reasons for preterm birth and emphasize that the parents cannot blame themselves. In
Induction of Therapeutic Abortion by Intra-amniotic Injection of Urea
Authors: J. O. Greenhalf, P. L. C. Diggory
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A new method of mid-trimester termination of pregnancy is described in which intra-amniotic urea was used. The mean interval between intra-amniotic injection and abortion was 59 hours and the mean length of hospital stay six days; the feto-maternal haemorrhage incidence was one out of 10 cases, which compares favourably with other methods. No complications have yet been encountered.
Mechanism by which bile salt disrupts the gastric mucosal barrier in the dog.
Authors: W C Duane, D M Wiegand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Bile salts disrupt a functional "gastric mucosal barrier" increasing net forward-diffusion (+) of Na+ and back-diffusion (-) of H+. Studying canine Heidenhain pouches, we attempted to distinguish between two possible mechanisms for this effect: (a) mucosal uptake of bile salt with subsequent cellular injury or (b) dissolution of mucosal lipids by intralumenal bile salt. A 10 mM mixture of six conjugated bile salts simulating the proportions found in human bile induced net Na+ flux of 15.5 +/- 3.2 and net H+ flux of -9.9 +/- 3.3 mueq/min. This change was accompanied by an increase in phospholipid efflux out of gastric mucosa from a base-line value of 13.2 +/- 2.7 to 54.8 +/- 2.8 nmol/min (P < 0.001) and an increase in cholesterol efflux from 11.7 +/- 3.8 to 36.3 +/- 3.2 nmol/min (P < 0.001). Saturation with lecithin (25 mM) and cholesterol (50 mM) blocked disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier by bile salt (Na+ flux - 1.2 +/- 0.9, H+ flux 0.6 +/- 1.8 mueq/min). A 10 mM solution of taurodehydrocholate, a bile salt that does not form micelles, induced no net Na+ (-0.3 +/- 0.8) or H+ flux (-0.7 +/- 1.4) and did not increase efflux of phospholipid (11.3 +/- 1.7) or cholesterol (10.4 +/- 2.0) over base line. Bile salt was absorbed from the mixture of six conjugates at 752 +/- 85 nmol/min. Addition of subsaturation amounts of lecithin (4 mM) reduced bile salt absorption three fold to 252 +/- 57 (P < 0.001), but abnormal Na+ flux (14.1 +/- 3.4) and H+ flux (-15.6 +/- 3.5) persisted. Taurodehydrocholate was absorbed to an intermediate extent (467 +/- 116). Dissolution of mucosal lipids is apparently the mechanism by which bile salt disrupts the gastric mucosal barrier, and presumably at least one mechanism by which bile salt can injure the gastric mucosa.
Postoperative changes in collagen synthesis in intestinal anastomoses of the rat: differences between small and large bowel.
Authors: M F Martens, T Hendriks
Journal: Gut (1991)

Collagen synthesis is an essential feature of anastomotic healing in the intestine. Postoperative collagen synthesis, measured in vitro in intestinal anastomoses was studied from three hours to 28 days after operation. For this purpose, an ileal and a colonic anastomosis were constructed within the same animal and the results in both intestinal segments were compared. In the ileum, collagen synthesis was significantly increased, with respect to unoperated controls, three hours after operation. It remained raised during the period of study, with a maximal 10-fold stimulation four days after operation, and had nearly returned to the preoperative level after four weeks. The general pattern was the same in the colon, although quantitatively different: the increase in synthetic activity was delayed in comparison with the ileum. Maximal stimulation was approximately six-fold. In addition, we calculated the ratio for each rat between anastomotic collagen synthesis and the average value found in non-operated control animals. Postoperative stimulation in the ileum was higher than in the colon in almost every animal examined. The results show that the ileum responds more quickly and strongly to wounding than the colon, at least as far as the production of new collagen is concerned. Possibly, this phenomenon contributes to the lower failure rate apparent for anastomoses in the small bowel.
Invasive aspergillosis complicated by subclavian artery occlusion and costal osteomyelitis after autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: L T Vlasveld, J F Delemarre, J H Beynen, S Rodenhuis
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A 47 year old woman presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by subclavian artery occlusion and rib fracture due to fungal osteomyelitis. This followed persistent pancytopenia resulting from autologous bone marrow transplantation for metastatic breast cancer.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF INSULIN ON NORMAL METABOLISM IN MAN
Authors: C. H. Kellaway, T. A. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1923)

T E rJopnNAfMan can live fairly comfortably on 30 grams of carbo.hydrate along with unlimited protein and fat.If a case of severe diabetes be given enough insulin to ensure his utilizing 30 grams of carbohydrate he will escape the symptoms of diabetes mellitus, but his blood sugar will be above 0.15 per cent.during the greater part of the twenty.four hourst which will cause overstimulation of the small aimount of pancreas which he still possesses and gradual deterioration.The final stage will be total destruction of the pancreas; then the patient will have to rely for all the sugarburning material on supplies from the outside.In case these fail,-life would be extremely short.This is the danger which should be avoided by strictly correlating the diet with the amount of insulin available from the pancreas of the patient together wih that injected.
Treatment of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Sherrif F. Ibrahim
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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18F-FDG and 18F-Florbetapir PET in Clinical Practice
Authors: Matthieu Bailly, Maria Joao Santiago Ribeiro, Johny Vercouillie, Caroline Hommet, Valérie Gissot, Vincent Camus, Denis Guilloteau
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

The aim of this study is to compare regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose metabolism and amyloid-β density in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy elderly subjects.Eighteen patients (including 6 AD, 5 amnestic MCI, and 7 controls) were enrolled at the University Hospital of Tours, France, and submitted to clinical, neuropsychological, and MRI examinations. PET images using F-florbetapir (266 MBq) and F-FDG (185 MBq) were acquired. SUV ratios in specific regions were defined using PMOD3.2 software.The mean values of F-FDG SUV ratio were significantly lower in frontal, anterior cingulate, and temporal regions in MCI patients than in normal elderly (-15%, -22%, and -11%, respectively). Alzheimer disease patients showed global cerebral metabolic rate of glucose metabolism decrease, especially in parietal and precuneus regions (-15% and -13% compared with healthy control subjects). Only precuneus cortex showed an increased F-florbetapir uptake in AD. There was no other significant regional difference in the amyloid-β density.In this study, we observed regional brain metabolic changes between MCI, AD, and controls, whereas only precuneus showed an increased amyloid-β density in AD. F-florbetapir PET analysis needs to be visual and global, whereas F-FDG analysis can be regional.
Test-Treatment Strategies for Patients Suspected of Having Lyme Disease: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Graham Nichol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Purpose: To examine the cost-effectiveness of test-treatment strategies for patients suspected of having Lyme disease. Data Sources: The medical literature was searched for information on outcomes and costs. Expert opinion was sought for information on utilities. Study Selection: Articles that described patient population, diagnostic criteria, dose and duration of therapy, and criteria for assessment of outcomes. Data Extraction: The decision analysis evaluated the following strategies: 1) no testing-no treatment; 2) testing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] followed by antibiotic treatment of patients with positive results; 3) two-step testing with ELISA followed by Western blot and antibiotic treatment for patients with positive results on either test; and 4) empirical antibiotic therapy. Three patient scenarios were considered: myalgic symptoms, rash resembling erythema migrans, and recurrent oligoarticular inflammatory arthritis. Results were calculated as costs per quality-adjusted life-year and were subjected to sensitivity analysis. Adjustment was made for the diagnostic value of common clinical features of Lyme disease. Data Synthesis: For myalgic symptoms without other features suggestive of Lyme disease, the no testing-no treatment strategy was most economically attractive (that is, had the most favorable cost-effectiveness ratio). For rash, empirical antibiotic therapy was less costly and more effective than other strategies. For oligoarticular arthritis with a history of rash and tick bite, two-step testing was associated with the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio. Testing with ELISA and empirical antibiotic therapy cost an additional $880 000 and $34 000 per quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. For oligoarticular arthritis with one or no other features suggestive of Lyme disease, two-step testing was most economically attractive. Conclusions: Neither testing nor antibiotic treatment is cost-effective if the pretest probability of Lyme disease is low. Empirical antibiotic therapy is recommended if the pretest probability is high, and two-step testing is recommended if the pretest probability is intermediate.
Aqueous extracts of cigarette tar containing the tar free radical cause DNA nicks in mammalian cells.
Authors: K K Stone, E Bermúdez, W A Pryor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The ability of aqueous extracts of cigarette tar to nick DNA was investigated using viable mammalian cells. Tar extracts contain a radical with a stable electron spin resonance (ESR) signal at g = 2.0036 characteristic of a semiquinone. The association of the tar component that carries the ESR signal with DNA was demonstrated using viable rat alveolar macrophages. The formation of single-strand DNA breaks caused by cigarette tar extracts in viable rat thymocytes follows saturation kinetics, indicating a tar component associates with DNA and then nicks it. These studies support our hypothesis that tar components that contain the cigarette tar radical can enter cells, associate with, and then nick DNA.
Simple fluorescent PCR method for detection of large deletions in the β‐globin gene cluster
Authors: Tiago Gomes De Andrade, Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad, Maria de Fatima Sonati, Fernando Ferreira Costa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We developed a semi‐automated approach to detect large deletions in the β‐globin gene cluster, based on the quantitative differences in the amplifications of samples by a fluorescent PCR. With this strategy, we were able to detect the presence of HPFH‐2 in an African‐Brazilian subject, confirmed by sequencing analysis. Differently from other PCR strategies, GAP‐PCR for example, it has the potential to identify new deletions. Am. J. Hematol. 72:225–227, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of Cervical and Mediastinal Lesions of the Trachea
Authors: Hermes C. Grillo
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although many tracheal tumors are benign or of low-grade malignancy, without local invasion or metastases, cure has been rare because dependable methods of wide circumferential excision and reconstruction have not been available. In the thorax, it was believed that only four tracheal rings (2 cm) could be removed and an end-to-end anastomosis done. Prosthetic replacements often fail, because of (1) leakage, with fatal mediastinitis; (2) stenosis, due to scarring and fatigue of prostheses; (3) recurrent tumor, due to inadequate resection; and (4) hemorrhage, due to erosion by prostheses. In the neck, reconstructive methods have often been complex, slow to heal, and many-staged. Excision of the trachea without replacement—with permanent end-tracheostomy—is not satisfactory when a functional larynx remains. Review of past experience with 32 primary tumors of the trachea treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, during a period of 25 years reveals that