tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 381: VEGF-A and VEGF-C: potential coregulators in angiogenic event in thyroid cancer.
Authors: Ali Salajegheh, Robert A. Smith, Sahar Pakneshan, Vinod Gopalan, Alfred KY Lam
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes growth of blood or lymphatic vessels, termed angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These share several basal mechanisms, including cross-talk between VEGF-A, C and their receptors, which may be important in the development of malignancies. Study aimed to identify relationships between VEGF-A, VEGF-C and their impact in angiogenesis and metastases in thyroid cancers.We studied VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA expression in 123 thyroid cancers, 40 lymph node metastases and 7 non-malignant thyroid control tissues using qPCR. Protein expressions for both VEGFs were determined by immunohistochemistry.VEGF-A and VEGF-C mRNA over-expression was noted in 51% (n=62) and 27% (n=33) of the thyroid cancers respectively. VEGF-A and VEGF-C protein over-expression was also identified in 70% (n=86) and 62% (n=76) of the thyroid cancers. ANOVA showed significant expression differences for VEGF-A and VEGF-C in subtypes of thyroid carcinoma, lymph node metastasis and normal controls (P=1x10-6 and 1x10-5 respectively). VEGF-A mRNA was significantly higher in cancers with lymph node metastases compared to non-metastatic cancers (p=0.001) however, most metastatic tumors under-expressed VEGF-C (p=0.0002). Similarly, VEGF-A protein expression was higher in metastases and VEGF-C protein was higher in non-metastatic lesions, though not significantly. Finally, we used linear regression analysis to test previous proposals about physiological interactions of VEGF-A and VEGF-C expression. Our model indicated that in metastatic cancers, 32% of the expression of VEGF-A could be predicted by a positive influence of VEGF-C production (model p=0.0002). These findings add weight to previous hypotheses concerning VEGF-A and C interaction. Early lymphangiogenic events were proposed to regulate angiogenesis, and changes to VEGF expression in this cancer population bear this out, with VEGF-C in early tumors giving way to VEGF-A in metastases. The commonality of local metastasis in thyroid cancer makes it a useful model to further examine mechanisms of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer metastasis. Keywords: thyroid cancer, VEGF-A, VEGF-C Citation Format: Ali Salajegheh, Robert A. Smith, Sahar Pakneshan, Vinod Gopalan, Alfred KY Lam. VEGF-A and VEGF-C: potential coregulators in angiogenic event in thyroid cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 381. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-381
Global Partners Take Two Steps Closer to Eradication of Guinea Worm Disease
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A 25-year-old campaign to rid the world of Guinea worm disease has written 2 more success stories. The Atlanta-based Carter Center announced recently that eradication efforts have halted transmission of the parasitic disease, also known as dracunculiasis, in Nigeria and Niger.
Expression of Annexin A1 in Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinomas: Association with Poor Outcome
Authors: Kim L. Wang, Tsung-Teh Wu, Erika Resetkova, Huamin Wang, Arlene M. Correa, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Stephen G. Swisher, Jaffer A. Ajani, Asif Rashid, Stanley R. Hamilton, Constance T. Albarracin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a calcium-binding protein involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. ANXA1 has been implicated in early squamous cell carcinogenesis of esophagus and correlates with degree of tumor differentiation. However, the role of ANXA1 in esophageal adenocarcinoma is unclear. Our goal was to evaluate ANXA1 expression and determine its prognostic significance in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction. Experimental Design: This study included 104 consecutive patients with primary resected esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas (11 stage I, 24 stage II, 53 stage III, and 16 stage IV). ANXA1 protein expression in each tumor was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. ANAX1 expression level was classified as high (≥25% of tumor cells with cytoplasmic staining), low (&amp;lt;25% of tumor cells with cytoplasmic staining), or negative; and was correlated with clinicopathologic features and patients' outcomes. Results: High ANXA1 expression was present in 39% (41 of 104) of tumors and was associated with higher pathologic T stage (P = 0.03) and distant metastasis (P = 0.04). High ANXA1 expression correlated with increased recurrence rate (P = 0.004) and decreased overall survival (P = 0.003) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, ANXA1 expression and pN stage significantly correlated with recurrence rate (P = 0.008 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively) and overall survival (P = 0.02 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively) independent of T stage. Conclusion: Our results indicate that high ANXA1 expression is frequent in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas, correlates with more advanced pathologic T stage and the presence of distant metastasis, and is an independent prognostic factor for patient survival.
First pill for male impotence approved in US
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An oral drug for treating erectile dysfunction has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is the first in a new class of drugs known as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors that work by improving blood flow to the penis.

There is a potentially large market for the drug. An estimated 30 million men in the United States are affected by erectile dysfunction, with the prevalence increasing with age. Less than 10% of these men, however, seek treatment. Dr Gregory Broderick, director of the Center for the Study of Male Sexual Dysfunction at the University of Pennsylvania, said: “In the past a man suffering from erectile dysfunction needed terrific personal motivation to see a doctor, mainly because the treatments available were so unpleasant.” He felt that …
What is the context of prediction?
Authors: Si On Yoon, Sarah Brown-Schmidt
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We agree with Pickering &amp; Garrod's (P&amp;G's) claim that theories of language processing must address the interconnection of language production and comprehension. However, we have two concerns: First, the central notion of context when predicting what another person will say is underspecified. Second, it is not clear that P&amp;G's dual-mechanism model captures the data better than a single-mechanism model would.
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IS THE MOST FREQUENT SECONDARY CAUSE OF RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
Authors: Rodrigo P. Pedrosa, Luciano F. Drager, Carolina C. Gonzaga, Marcio G. Sousa, Lilian K.G. de Paula, Celso Amodeo, Eduardo M. Krieger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The economic crisis and suicide
Authors: D. Gunnell, S. Platt, K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Consequences may be serious and warrant early attention

The past few years have seen steady progress towards the Department of Health’s target to reduce suicide in England (www.lgbtmind.com/content/suicide-prevention-annual-report-2007.pdf). However, we are now amid a serious financial crisis, with frequent media reports linking the recession to suicides. What is the likely impact of the crisis on suicide and what can be done to offset any adverse effects?

The crisis is expected to lead to a sharp and sustained rise in unemployment, and observational studies indicate that unemployed people are at 2-3 times more risk of suicide.1 Although this high risk is partly because people with psychiatric illness are at greater risk of losing their jobs,2 even in people with no record of serious mental illness unemployment is still associated with about a 70% greater suicide risk.3 Also, prospective studies with repeat measures of employment and mental health show that unemployment has a causal influence on depression and suicidal thinking.4 5

Longitudinal ecological research shows that rises in unemployment in the United Kingdom in the 1920s and ’30s were associated with …
Long-term proton pump inhibitor administration worsens atrophic corpus gastritis and promotes adenocarcinoma development in Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: T. Hagiwara, K.-i. Mukaisho, T. Nakayama, H. Sugihara, T. Hattori
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> We investigated whether corpus atrophic gastritis worsens in Mongolian gerbils (MGs) after long-term administration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI). MGs are an excellent model for studying <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-related gastritis and adenocarcinoma. <h3>Methods</h3> MGs were separated into four groups (n =15/group); <i>H pylori</i> (ATCC43504) was inoculated into the OPZ(omeprazole)+Hp (<i>H pylori</i>) and Hp groups, a PPI (OPZ) was administered to the OPZ+Hp and OPZ groups and the control group received no treatment. MGs had access to food containing omeprazole (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6 months, after which their stomachs were removed and cut into nine sections (six sections in the fundus and three sections in the antrum). Corpus atrophy was evaluated by the absence of parietal cells in the six sections in the fundus. First, we calculated a percentage of the area devoid of parietal cells in each haematoxylin and eosin-stained section, and then we scored the degree of atrophy by adding the percentages of the six sections. A full score was 600. <h3>Results</h3> Neutrophilic and lymphoid infiltrates were greater in the OPZ+Hp group than in the other groups. The corpus atrophy score in the OPZ+Hp group was significantly higher than that in the Hp group (p&lt;0.0048, Student t test). Significantly more adenocarcinomas were found in the OPZ+Hp (60%) than in the Hp (7%) group animals. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Long-term PPI administration promotes development of adenocarcinoma, which is associated with the progression of atrophic corpus gastritis in MGs infected with <i>H pylori</i>.
Access to Emergency Contraception for Adolescents
Authors: Tracey A. Wilkinson, Nisha Fahey, Emily Suther, Howard J. Cabral, Michael Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (2011)

This research letter describes a study which sought to understand differences in availability of and access to emergency contraception across low- and non--low-income United States neighborhoods. It specifically examined same-day availability of emergency contraception whether emergency contraception could be accessed by the caller and whether the pharmacy communicated the correct age at which emergency contraception is accessible over-the-counter.
Transcatheter delivery of c-myc antisense oligomers reduces neointimal formation in a porcine model of coronary artery balloon injury.
Authors: Y Shi, A Fard, A Galeo, H G Hutchinson, P Vermani, G R Dodge, D J Hall, F Shaheen, A Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation are the principal mechanisms leading to vascular restenosis. We have previously demonstrated the growth-inhibitory effect of antisense oligomers targeting the c-myc proto-oncogene in human smooth muscle cells. The goal of this study was to investigate whether c-myc antisense oligomers reduce neointimal formation in balloon-denuded porcine coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS First, type I collagen synthesis, which reflects synthetic function, was markedly reduced following c-myc antisense oligomers in porcine vascular smooth muscle cells independent of the growth inhibition. These effects in vitro provided the rationale for assessing c-myc antisense oligomers in the prevention of neointima in vivo. Second, the efficiency of single transcatheter delivery of oligomers into denuded porcine coronary arteries was determined. Despite rapid plasma clearance following local delivery, oligomers persisted at the site of injection for at least 3 days, exceeding by severalfold their concentration in peripheral organs. Third, morphometric analyses were carried out in balloon-denuded coronary arteries at 1 month after transcatheter c-myc antisense oligomer administration. Maximal neointimal area was reduced from 0.80 +/- 0.17 mm2 in the control group (n = 12) to 0.24 +/- 0.06 mm2 in the antisense-treated group (n = 13, P &lt; .01). Likewise, a significant reduction in maximal neointimal thickness was observed in the antisense-treated group (P &lt; .01). These changes in vascular remodeling following denuding injury resulted in an increase in residual lumen from 64 +/- 6% in the control group to 81 +/- 5% in the antisense-treated group (P &lt; .05). CONCLUSIONS (1) Single transcatheter administration allowed for endoluminal delivery of oligomers to the site of coronary arterial injury. (2) C-myc antisense oligomers reduced the formation of neointima in denuded coronary arteries, implying a therapeutic potential of this approach for the prevention of coronary restenosis. (3) It is postulated that the c-myc proto-oncogene is involved in the process of vascular remodeling, regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis.
Viavi and the Churches.
Authors: E. P. S. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Chicago, Oct. 17, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I presume that you are in receipt of many letters regarding the so-called Viavi treatment, but here is something which is too good to keep. Charlatanism has always tried to use the churches for financial gain and the perpetrators of the Viavi remedies (?) follow the line. My better half came home to-day and told me with a twinkle in her eye about the "health talk" that was to be given under the auspices of the ladies' society of our church. A certain company was to furnish the speaker and the advertising, and the society would be paid 10 cents for the name of each one in attendance. When I asked the company's name I learned that it was Viavi. Perhaps this plan of advertising may result in the forming of a church erected to advertising and dedicated to the holy Saint Viavi! [This
ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: The Contribution of United States Medicine to the Progress of Medicine in Chile.
Authors: Herman Alessandri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968ACP Honorary Fellowship Lecture: The Contribution of United States Medicine to the Progress of Medicine in Chile.Herman Alessandri, M.D.Herman Alessandri, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1139_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe history of medicine in Chile from the time of the Independence up to 1940 was briefly outlined. Throughout that period, contacts in the medical field were made almost exclusively with European countries, notably France and Germany, where the most gifted young physicians went to perfect their qualifications, afterwards taking up professorships in our schools of medicine. A few slight contacts were established in the course of the 1920's and developed by slow degrees. The first fellowships to enable Chilean doctors to pursue their studies in the United States were granted during the 1930's, mainly by the Guggenheim Foundation. In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Santiago, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1139-1139KeywordsFellowshipsHistory of medicine Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Human Responses to Influenza Vaccination Show Seroconversion Signatures and Convergent Antibody Rearrangements
Authors: Katherine J.L. Jackson, Yi Liu, Krishna M. Roskin, Jacob Glanville, Ramona A. Hoh, Katie Seo, Eleanor L. Marshall, Thaddeus C. Gurley, M. Anthony Moody, Barton F. Haynes, Emmanuel B. Walter, Hua-Xin Liao, Randy A. Albrecht, Adolfo García-Sastre, Javier Chaparro-Riggers, Arvind Rajpal, Jaume Pons, Birgitte B. Simen, Bozena Hanczaruk, Cornelia L. Dekker, Jonathan Laserson, Daphne Koller, Mark M. Davis, Andrew Z. Fire, Scott D. Boyd
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Effects of Maternal Hyperglycemia on Fetal Development
Authors: Ronald A Chez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

These comments reflect an experience obtained from examining fetal pancreatic alpha- and betacell responsiveness in the nonhuman primate, Macaca mulata. Our research studies encompassed nine years in two different institutions with two different colonies of monkeys. A maternal glucose-intolerant state was obtained through the use of streptozotocin (SZ). We found that the induced glucose-intolerant pregnant female monkey lent itself to an exploration of the fetopathy that occurs in human pregnancy associated with diabetes mellitus.
Few patients with prostate cancer are willing to be randomised to treatment
Authors: P. O'Reilly, L. Martin, G. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Our objective was to investigate the factors predicting scan positivity and disease location in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after primary local therapy using prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT. <b>Methods:</b> This was a 2-institution study including 245 BCR PCa patients after primary local therapy and negative results on conventional imaging. The patients underwent <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT. We tested for correlations of lesion detection rate and disease location with tumor characteristics, time from initial therapy, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and PSA doubling time (PSAdt). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine predictors of a positive scan. Regression-based coefficients were used to develop nomograms predicting scan positivity and extrapelvic disease. <b>Results:</b> Overall, 79.2% (194/245) of patients had a positive <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT result, with detection rates of 48.2% (27/56), 74.3% (26/35), 84% (37/44), 96.7% (59/61), and 91.8% (45/49) for PSAs of &lt;0.5, 0.5 to &lt;1.0, 1.0 to &lt;2.0, 2.0 to &lt;5.0, and ≥5.0 ng/mL, respectively. Patients with lesions confined to the pelvis had lower PSAs than those with distant sites (1.6 ± 3.5 vs. 3.0 ± 6.3 ng/mL, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In patients treated with prostatectomy (<i>n</i> = 195), 24.1% (47/195) had a negative scan result, 46.1% (90/195) showed intrapelvic disease, and 29.7% (58/195) showed extrapelvic disease. In the postradiation subgroup (<i>n</i> = 50), <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT was always negative at a PSA lower than 1.0 ng/mL and extrapelvic disease was seen only when PSA was greater than 2.0 ng/mL. At multivariate analysis, PSA and PSAdt were independent predictive factors of scan positivity and the presence of extrapelvic disease in postsurgical patients, with area under the curve of 78% and 76%, respectively. PSA and PSAdt were independent predictors of the presence of extrapelvic disease in the postradiation cohort, with area under the curve of 85%. Time from treatment to scan was significantly longer for prostatectomy-bed–only recurrences than for those with bone or visceral disease (6.2 ± 6.4 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3 y, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT offers high detection rates in BCR PCa patients. PSA and PSAdt are able to predict scan positivity and disease location. Furthermore, the presence of bone or visceral lesions is associated with shorter intervals from treatment than are prostate-bed–only recurrences. These tools might guide clinicians to select the most suitable candidates for <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging.
Lifelong Management of Amyloid-Beta Metabolism to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sam Gandy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Twenty-five years ago, the cloning and localization to chromosome 21 of the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta (Aβ) precursor protein (APP)1 made clear that the early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that occurs in all patients with Down's syndrome2 is apparently attributable to an extra copy of APP. Proamyloidogenic APP missense mutations were subsequently identified in families with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease,3 and a substantial proportion of cases of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease have been linked to more than 200 proamyloidogenic mutations in the catalytic subunits of γ-secretase (known as presenilin 14 and 25) that are responsible for the liberation of Aβ . . .
PTH-086 Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Culinary and Medicinal Herbs and Spices Against selected Gastrointestinal Pathogens
Authors: M Chorlton, C O Phillips, T C Claypole, E Rees, N Berry, P E Row
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pathogenic gut microorganisms, and dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, for instance infection with <i>Clostridium difficile</i> or <i>Salmonella</i> species can prove fatal, whereas alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota has been implicated in irritable bowel syndrome. Due to increasing resistance of gastrointestinal pathogens to conventional antibiotics, alternative antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to investigate whether essential oils (concentrated mixtures of aromatic compounds obtained by the distillation of plant tissues) have antimicrobial activity against selected gastrointestinal pathogens. <h3>Methods</h3> We have investigated the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of a wide range of culinary and medicinal herbs against type strains of selected gastrointestinal pathogens, namely <i>Salmonella enterica, Clostridium difficile,</i> two strains of <i>Escherichia coli,</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> by disc diffusion assays<i>.</i> Grapeseed oil was the negative control. If the essential oils inhibited the growth of the organisms, a clear halo was seen around the test discs. This was measured. The experiments were performed three times and results were analysed by two sample T Tests. Essential oils were analysed by thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass spectrometry to identify the compounds present. <h3>Results</h3> Seven of the essential oils (aniseed, asafoetida, cinnamon, clove, oregano, thyme and winter savoury) produced a strong and statistically significant inhibition of the growth of all five of the organisms tested whereas a further seven essential oils (coriander, garlic, lemon balm, lemon grass, May Chang, peppermint and rosemary) markedly inhibited the growth of three or four of the organisms (and these results were also statistically significant). Batch to batch variation was evident in the antimicrobial activity of some of the essential oils. This might correlate with variations in the profile of compounds present in the essential oils. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Some of the essential oils studied might be therapeutically useful against gastrointestinal pathogens. Quality control of the oils would be necessary and further work is needed to identify the active antimicrobial compounds in the oils. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Effects of a cantaloupe melon extract/wheat gliadin biopolymer during aortic cross-clamping
Authors: Jochen Kick, Balázs Hauser, Hendrik Bracht, Maura Albicini, Sükrü Öter, Florian Simon, Ulrich Ehrmann, Catherine Garrel, Jörn Sträter, Uwe B. Brückner, Xavier M. Leverve, Hubert Schelzig, Günter Speit, Peter Radermacher, Claus-Martin Muth
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Relationship between the Saint Louis University ADAM Questionnaire and Sexual Hormonal Levels in a Male Outpatient Population over 50 Years of Age
Authors: José Mª Martínez-Jabaloyas, Alfonso Queipo-Zaragozá, Raúl Rodríguez-Navarro, José Antonio Queipo-Zaragozá, Manuel Gil-Salom, Pascual Chuan-Nuez
Journal: European Urology (2007)