tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Type IIB von Willebrand factor with normal sialic acid content induces platelet aggregation in the absence of ristocetin. Role of platelet activation, fibrinogen, and two distinct membrane receptors.
Authors: L De Marco, M Mazzuccato, M Grazia Del Ben, U Budde, A B Federici, A Girolami, Z M Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Three preparations of purified von Willebrand factor (vWF), obtained from unrelated patients affected by type IIB von Willebrand disease, were found to have normal sialic acid content (between 129 and 170 nmol/mg of vWF, as compared with 158 +/- 17 nmol/mg in four normal preparations) and to induce platelet aggregation in the presence of physiologic levels of divalent cations and without addition of ristocetin. A monoclonal antibody that blocks the vWF binding domain of the platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ib caused complete inhibition of IIB vWF-induced aggregation. In contrast, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the receptor for adhesive proteins on the platelet GPIIb/IIIa complex failed to inhibit the initial response of platelets to high concentrations of IIB vWF. Moreover, IIB vWF caused agglutination of formalin-fixed platelets that was blocked only by the anti-GPIb antibody, suggesting that the binding of vWF to GPIb, even in the absence of ristocetin, results in platelet-platelet interaction that is followed by exposure of the GPIIb/IIIa receptors for adhesive proteins. Endogenous ADP, normally active platelet metabolism and fibrinogen binding to GPIIb/IIIa were necessary for maximal and irreversible platelet aggregation. In the absence of fibrinogen, however, aggregation was mediated by vWF binding to GPIIb/IIIa. A 52/48-kD tryptic fragment containing the GPIb binding domain of normal vWF completely blocked the aggregation induced by all three IIB vWF preparations. The present study defines in detail the mechanisms involved in IIB vWF-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, it establishes that the GPIb binding domain of normal and IIB vWF are closely related and that desialylation is not required for the direct interaction of IIB vWF with GPIb.
Re: Amit R. Patel, Edmund S. Sabanegh, J. Stephen Jones, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Osteomyelitis Mimicking Spinal Metastasis from Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Eur Urol 2010;58:934–7
Authors: Carlos A. Oliveira, Oscar Rodríguez, Juan Palou, Joan Palou-Redorta
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Death receptor-mediated apoptosis and the liver
Authors: Jung-Hwan Yoon, Gregory J Gores
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)

Apoptosis is an essential feature contributing to liver injury in a wide range of acute and chronic liver diseases. With an improved understanding of the pathophysiological role of apoptosis in liver diseases, we are now entering an era where modulation of apoptosis is becoming a therapeutic possibility. For example, the differential sensitivity of virally infected hepatocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis could therapeutically be useful for removing hepatocytes bearing viral nucleic acids, or selective induction of apoptosis in activated hepatic stellate cells may be an ideal anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategy. Inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis using a variety of different strategies may also be therapeutically beneficial in liver injuries, such as alcoholic hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease and Wilson's disease. Moreover, considering the link between the hepatocyte apoptosis and the liver fibrosis, inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis may also be an anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategy. These concepts, in our opinion, merit further clinical and basic investigation.
LOW INCIDENCE OF FEMORAL VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS WITH PRIMARY AND REPEAT PERCLOSE PRE-CLOSING FOR BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY: DATA FROM A LARGE PARTNER-CONTEMPORARY SINGLE CENTER SERIES
Authors: Niraj Doctor, Hasan Jilaihawi, Tarun Chakravarty, Kashif Mohammad, Mamta Buch, Jasminka Stegic, Raj Makkar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sorafenib attenuates monocrotaline-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rats through suppression of JNK and MMP-9
Authors: Kojiro Nakamura, Etsuro Hatano, Masato Narita, Aya Miyagawa-Hayashino, Yukinori Koyama, Hiromitsu Nagata, Keiko Iwaisako, Kojiro Taura, Shinji Uemoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Surgery of the Biliary Tract, Pancreas &amp; Spleen
Authors: E. R. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<b>Atlas of General Surgery.</b>By Joseph R. Wilder, 2nd ed. 325 pp, with illustrations by Shirley Baty. $23.50. The C. V. Mosby Co., 3207 Washington Blvd, St. Louis 3, 1964 These two volumes have certain features in common. They are highly condensed summaries not intended to produce comprehensive critical coverage; thus they have little or no educational value for the medical student, intern, or junior resident. They are ideal for a quick review by an experienced person already familiar with the field. Although an advanced resident will find them useful, the practicing general surgeon will find both these volumes invaluable in his daily work. Both volumes are characterized by superior illustration; this is in the form of line drawings, not only unusually lucid but also well labeled and clearly correlated with text material. The volume on the biliary tract, pancreas, and spleen has, of course, a much more limited scope.
The mechanism of termination of reentrant activity in ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: Y M Cha, U Birgersdotter-Green, P L Wolf, B B Peters, P S Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The reentrant wave fronts in ventricular fibrillation (VF) have only a limited life span. The mechanisms by which these reentrant wave fronts terminate are unknown. We performed computerized mapping studies in six open-chest dogs before and after right ventricular subendocardial ablation with Lugol's solution. Recordings were made with 56 bipolar electrodes separated by 3 mm. Baseline pacing was performed on the right side of the tissue to create parallel activation wave fronts. A premature 50-V shock of either anodal or cathodal polarity was given to a bar electrode on the upper edge of the tissue. Counterclockwise reentrant wave fronts and VF were induced both before (60 episodes) and after (57 episodes) subendocardial ablation with either anodal or cathodal shocks. Among these reentrant wave fronts, 8 episodes before and 10 episodes after ablation had over 10 rotations (P = NS). The reentrant wave fronts in other episodes terminated with an average of 3.2 +/- 1.9 rotations before and 3.1 +/- 1.8 rotations after the ablation (P = NS). The reentrant wave-front cycle length was 118 +/- 19 milliseconds before and 124 +/- 20 milliseconds after ablation (P = .001). Conduction block occurred when the wave front was traveling across the myocardial fibers. When conduction was blocked in these episodes, the leading edge of the reentrant wave front encountered tissue that had been excited within the past 58 +/- 12 milliseconds (range, 28 to 77 milliseconds), which corresponded to 47 +/- 12% of the preceding VF cycle length. This period was significantly shorter than the recovery period in the same region that had allowed conduction (91 +/- 19 milliseconds; range, 48 to 137 milliseconds), which corresponded to 72 +/- 18% of the preceding VF cycle length (P &lt; .001). In nine episodes, reentrant wave-front activity terminated when wave fronts that had originated from outside the mapped tissue interfered with the reentrant pathways. Conclusions are as follows: (1) The refractory period of fibrillating ventricular muscle ranges from 48 to 77 milliseconds. Because the refractory period is much shorter than the VF cycle length, a large excitable gap is present in the reentrant circuit. The presence of a large excitable gap contributes to reentrant wave-front termination. (2) Myocardial fiber orientation is an important determinant of the site of conduction block. (3) Although subendocardial ablation slowed the wave-front propagation, it did not prevent the generation and the maintenance of reentry and VF.
Cortical Mastoidectomy is Still Necessary
Authors: R. S. McAlary
Journal: BMJ (1961)

AGED!E%TICALSJHORNAL the sigmoid.-Among the 29 cases in which, according to these criteria, there was no need to consider carcinoma of the colon, there were 15 with no abnormality, five with diverticulosis, and nine with diverticulitis.All the cases of diverticulitis were treated medically.As the surgical treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis is rarely undertaken in the elderly, the question arises whether confirmation of the diagnosis by barium-enema examination serves any useful purpose.Haggie was concerned with the value of this examination in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the colon.It is suggested that this approach might apply also to the diagnosis of diverticulitis, at least in the elderly, and that a barium enema is rarely indicated if the patient has not passed macroscopic blood in the stools or has no abnormal physical signs,.andif no abnormality is found on rectal examination or on sigmoidoscopy.To make it even less likely that the occasional case of carcinoma will be missed we would add " and if the stools are negative for occult blood."If Haggie's approach had been applied in our 45 patients examined by barium enema, 29 would have been spared the enema, so far as we know without ill effect.Even with our proposed additional indication for barium-enema examination-a positive occult blood test-at least 10 in whom the test was negative would have been spared an enema and probably some if not all of another seven in whom the occult blood test was not done.Apart from the discomfort of a barium enema and especially of the preparation involved, the examination is not free from risk.A fatal case of barium sulphate embolism is reported by Truemner et al. (1960).Cases of retroperitoneal emphysema due to barium enema followed by air insufflation have been recorded by Pyle and Samuel (1960) and by Brunton (1960).The number of published complications of the barium enema reviewed by Pyle and Samuel is formidable.In both these papers the authors stress the special risk in the older age-groups.It is concluded that in spite of the effort involved for many old, frail, and disabled patients, the bariummeal examination is a useful diagnostic procedure in the aged.In many of these patients, however, the more distressing barium enema might reasonably be avoided.Summary 102 barium-meal and 46 barium-enema examinations earried out on patients in a geriatric unit are reviewed, with special reference to whether or not the examina- tions might have been avoided.The barium-meal examinations were found to be surprisingly valuable.There is scope for reducing the number of barium- enema examinations performed, which is desirable in view of the distressing preparation involved and the occasional complications that occur.We are grateful to Dr. Stachurko, who was responsible for many of these barium examinations; to Dr. T. St. M. Norris and Mr. J. M. Davis, who read the manuscript and made helpful suggestions; and to Mrs. C. Carlin and Mrs. G. Mercer, the x-ray
Response to radiation in chemotherapy‐refractory monocytoid B‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Nancy Price Mendenhall, David F. Pawliger, James W. Lynch, Aneal S. Masih
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract A 39‐year‐old man had monocytoid lymphoma including a large retroperitoneal mass, retrocrural and porta hepatic adenopathy with localized pain, but no B symptoms. The tumor did not respond clinically or radiographically to CHOP or mini‐ICE chemotherapy but has responded dramatically to radiotherapy. The patient's disease remains controlled 3 years after treatment. This case documents radioresponsiveness in a chemotherapy‐refractory monocytoid lymphoma. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Points: Effect of naftidrofuryl on the metabolic response to surgery
Authors: W. L Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1981)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the presentation of HIV infection and AIDS amongst Africans diagnosed with AIDS living in London. METHODS--Identification of all AIDS cases of African origin attending four HIV specialist centres in South London--Guy9s, King9s, St George9s and St Thomas9 Hospitals--up to March 1994, by retrospective review of case notes of all HIV positive patients. RESULTS--Of 86 patients (53 women, 33 men) studied, 59 (69%) were from Uganda. The most frequent AIDS-defining diagnoses were: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) 21%, tuberculosis (TB) 20% (extrapulmonary TB 14%, pulmonary TB 6%), cerebral toxoplasmosis 14%, oesophageal candida 13%, cryptococcal meningitis 11%, wasting 6%, herpes simplex infection &gt; 1 month 5%, Kaposi9s sarcoma 5%, other 6%. Cytomegalovirus retinitis was diagnosed in one case. Late presentation was common; 70% were diagnosed HIV positive when admitted to hospital. The diagnosis of AIDS was coincident with a first positive HIV test result in 61%. The mean CD4 counts at both HIV and AIDS diagnoses were similar in both men and women: 87 x 10(6)/l and 74 x 10(6)/l in men and 99 x 10(6)/l and 93 x 10(6)/l in women respectively. Overall, TB 21 (24%) (extrapulmonary TB 12, pulmonary TB 9) was either the AIDS-defining diagnosis or was detected within three months of this event. Sixty-two per cent of TB cases were diagnosed within twelve months of entry to the UK compared to 34% of all other AIDS cases. The prevalence of STD was very low; genital herpes was the commonest STD: 17% of the women, 9% men; 28% of the men and 11% of the women tested had a positive TPHA test. In cases known to be HIV-positive prior to an AIDS diagnosis, 41% took prophylaxis for PCP and 45% had taken zidovudine (ZDV). Forty two of the study participants had 89 children: 59 of these children had mothers in the study. Overall, 37 (42%) of the children had lost at least one parent at the time of data assessment. CONCLUSIONS--PCP and TB were the most common initial AIDS-defining diagnoses. The majority of TB cases were diagnosed within 12 months of entry to the UK. An AIDS-defining diagnosis was the first manifestation of HIV-related illness in the majority of patients. Because of late presentation to medical services, access to treatments for HIV infection and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections was limited. Extending the role of clinics and staff into the community might facilitate both earlier presentation and access to services. Future provision of local services will need to be sensitive to the requirements of individuals from different cultures and backgrounds.
Delayed Traumatic Rupture of the Intestine
Authors: J. W. P. Gummer, G. N. Ranking
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The following case history is worthy of publication in view of the recent widespread use of cortisone and the fact that similar cases will undoubtedly be observed. Case HistoryThe patient, a European boy, was first seen at the age of 9 years in June, 1950, when, following a procaine penicillin injection for an infected dog bite, he developed a very severe giant urticaria which caused a serious illness lasting five weeks.He showed little or no response to the usual treatment available at that time-that is, calcium intravenously and orally, antihistaminic drugs, and adrenaline injections.After this illness he was skin-tested against a wide range of possible allergens, including procaine penicillin, and peni- cillin and procaine separately, with negative results in every case.was admitted, for his constant encouragement.
Efficacy of the investigational mTOR kinase inhibitor MLN0128/INK128 in models of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Matthew R. Janes, Collin Vu, Sharmila Mallya, Marie Shieh, Jose J. Limon, Lian-Sheng Li, Katti A. Jessen, Michael B. Martin, Pingda Ren, Michael B. Lilly, Leonard Sender, Yi Liu, Christian Rommel, David A. Fruman
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
The<i>Journal</i>'s New Presence on the Internet
Authors: Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

After publishing exclusively on paper for the past 184 years, the New England Journal of Medicine has joined many other publications on the Internet. We can be reached at http://www.nejm.org on the World Wide Web. The electronic version contains abstracts of Original Articles and Special Articles and provides the full text of the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Clinical Problem-Solving articles, Images in Clinical Medicine, Molecular Medicine articles, editorials, Sounding Board articles, letters to the editor, and book reviews. Every issue published in 1996 is accessible. Each new issue comes on-line at 7 a.m. E.S.T. on Thursday, the . . .
PRDM1/BLIMP1 is commonly inactivated in anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Michela Boi, Andrea Rinaldi, Ivo Kwee, Paola Bonetti, Maria Todaro, Fabrizio Tabbò, Roberto Piva, Paola M. V. Rancoita, András Matolcsy, Botond Timar, Thomas Tousseyn, Socorro Maria Rodríguez-Pinilla, Miguel A. Piris, Sílvia Beà, Elias Campo, Govind Bhagat, Steven H. Swerdlow, Andreas Rosenwald, Maurilio Ponzoni, Ken H. Young, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Reinhard Dummer, Stefano Pileri, Emanuele Zucca, Giorgio Inghirami, Francesco Bertoni
Journal: Blood (2013)
Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Gives Valuable Insight Into Ventricular and Vascular Adaptation
Authors: Hannah R. Bellsham-Revell, Shane M. Tibby, Aaron J. Bell, Thomas Witter, John Simpson, Philipp Beerbaum, David Anderson, Conal B. Austin, Gerald F. Greil, Reza Razavi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)

This study sought to investigate changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ventricular volumes and vascular dimensions before hemi-Fontan (HF) and before total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The systemic right ventricle (RV) in HLHS is subject to significant changes in volume loading throughout the surgical stages of palliation, particularly after the HF. Fifty-eight patients had paired pre-HF and pre-TCPC MRI for assessment of changes of RV volumes, neoaortic flow, and vascular dimensions. Comparison of pre-HF and pre-TCPC MRI results showed a decrease of indexed RV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume (98 ml/m2 to 87 ml/m2 and 50 ml/m2 to 36 ml/m2, respectively) with stroke volume remaining constant (49 ml/m2 vs. 51 ml/m2), leading to an increased RV ejection fraction (51% vs. 59%). These findings persisted after excluding the 3 patients who underwent tricuspid valve repair as part of their HF procedure. Indexed RV end-diastolic volume plotted against neoaortic stroke volume demonstrated a Frank-Starling–like curve that shifted upward after HF. The indexed distal left and right cross-sectional pulmonary artery areas were reduced after HF. In HLHS, serial MRI shows the adaptation of the systemic RV after HF with volume reduction in the context of a preserved stroke volume and an increased ejection fraction. The staged palliation in HLHS may be a risk factor particularly for reduced left pulmonary artery growth in itself as no factors investigated in this study were found to significantly impact on this.
Phase 2 study of oral panobinostat (LBH589) with or without erythropoietin in heavily transfusion-dependent IPSS low or int-1 MDS patients
Authors: U Platzbecker, H K Al-Ali, N Gattermann, D Haase, V Janzen, J Krauter, K Götze, R Schlenk, F Nolte, A Letsch, O G Ottmann, A Kündgen, M Lübbert, U Germing, M Wermke, H Reinhard, C Weiss, K Lieder, G Ehninger, O Leismann, A Giagounidis
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Intravenous Cocaine, Crack, and HIV Infection
Authors: Don C. Des Jarlais, Samuel R. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Over the last several years, there has been increasing attention to the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the sharing of equipment for the injection of illicit drugs. Intravenous (IV) drug users constitute the second largest group of persons to have developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States and Europe and are emerging as the largest source of heterosexual transmission in both areas.<sup>1</sup>Although illicit drug injection is commonly associated with heroin addiction, it clearly is not the drug being injected that is responsible for the transmission of HIV. Cocaine injection may prove to be one of the more difficult aspects of preventing AIDS among IV drug users. Cocaine injection is quite common among persons who inject heroin—over 83% of the heroin users in our New York studies<sup>2</sup>had also injected cocaine in the previous two years. There is no chemotherapy for
African hair growth parameters
Authors: G. Loussouarn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Hair growth parameters have been studied mostly in caucasian hair, whereas few data on African hair have been reported in the literature. Objectives To evaluate hair growth characteristics of African volunteers born in Africa. Methods Thirty-eight young adults (19 women, 19 men, mean ± SD age 27 ± 10 years), native of central and western Africa, took part in the study. Phototrichograms were performed in order to record three parameters of hair growth: hair density, telogen percentage and rate of growth. For each volunteer, three regions of the scalp, namely vertex, temporal and occipital areas, were assessed. Results Hair density varied from 90 to 290 hairs cm−2, with higher counts on the vertex. No significant difference between men and women was recorded. Telogen percentage showed wide variations, from 2 to 46%, with higher levels on the temporal area and in men. The rate of growth fluctuated from 150 to 363 µm day−1 with no difference related either to gender or to scalp region. These data were compared with those previously obtained in caucasian volunteers of comparable age, and showed significant differences between the two ethnic groups in all three parameters studied. Hair density in African volunteers was lower than that in caucasians (mean ± SD 190 ± 40 and 227 ± 55 hairs cm−2, respectively). African hair grew at a much slower rate than caucasian hair (mean ± SD 256 ± 44 vs. 396 ± 55 µm day−1), and telogen counts were frequently higher in African hair (mean ± SD 18 ± 9% vs. 14 ± 11%). Conclusions This study demonstrated significant differences between African and caucasian hair growth parameters, which might suggest a trend towards increased hair loss in Africans, even though it contrasts with a lower and slower incidence of the development of alopecia in Africans.
OSTEARTHRITIS OF THE INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS: REPORT OF CASE
Authors: Walter G. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The occurrence of ostearthritis of the spine is so frequent as a complication of trauma, that the persistence of backache beyond the ordinary period of the expectancy is enough to awaken suspicion that the pains and disability are prolonged either by anatomic variations of the lower spine, or by arthritis. In many cases, the existence of such complicating arthritis is overlooked because the ordinary gross lesions of exostoses on the corners of the bodies are looked for, while the finer changes in the intervertebral joints are overlooked. In the case of C. A. D., a man, aged 54, who in November, 1923, was buried in a cave-in and sustained fractures of many ribs on the right side of the chest with bruises to the back, etc., and who returned to work after thirty-three days of rest but had to quit work after a few months on account of pain and
Continuous Glucose Monitoring — Coming of Age
Authors: Howard A. Wolpert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Advances in glucose-monitoring technology have been an important driver for improvements in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. The introduction of fingerstick capillary blood glucose monitoring in the 1970s set the stage for the era of intensive insulin therapy, leading to a substantial reduction in the risk of long-term complications from diabetes. The tradeoff with intensive diabetes management is a marked increase in episodes of severe hypoglycemia. Real-time continuous glucose monitoring, a technology first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2005, helps to address this therapeutic challenge.In this issue of the Journal, Bergenstal et al.1 report the . . .