tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding the immunoangiostatic CXC chemokine network
Authors: M. L. Balestrieri, A. Balestrieri, F. P. Mancini, C. Napoli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Chemokines, originally discovered as mediators of directional migration of immune cells to sites of inflammation and injury, have a function beyond their role in leukocyte chemotaxis. Indeed, they participate in organ development, angiogenesis, tumourigenesis and, more importantly, in the immune response. The chemokine family characterized by four highly conserved cysteine amino acid residues, with two cysteine residues (C) and a non-cysteine amino acid (X) between them (CXC), is known for its ability to promote trafficking of various leukocytes and to regulate angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. Intriguingly, the presence or absence of a structural-functional domain constituted by glutamic acid–leucine–arginine motif that precedes the first cysteine amino acid residue accounts for their unique property to induce or inhibit angiogenesis (angiogenic or angiostatic activity). The ability of CXC chemokine receptor 3 to promote Th1-dependent immunity and, at the same time, inhibit angiogenesis (immunoangiostasis) is of critical importance for inducing tumour regression. Agents that are able to inhibit angiogenic activities or promote angiostatic activities of CXC chemokines are future targets for research on cancer treatment. Here, we review insights on CXC chemokines in the context of immunoangiostasis and vascular damage.
Effects of Early and Late Clamping of Umbilical Cord on Infant's Haemoglobin Level
Authors: P. Lanzkowsky
Journal: BMJ (1960)

SUXAMETHONIUM AND CARDIAC RHYTHM BiuTisH 1777 premedication failed to prevent a slowing of the heart rate on the subsequent injection of suxamethonium.Similarly, the intravenous injection of 0.6 mg. of atropine also failed to afford protection.In this investigation, however, the intravenous administration of I mg. of atropine sulphate prevented the subsequent development of bradycardia or arrhythmia in every case, even when large doses of suxamethonium were used.The clinical significance of these findings is that the intermittent use of large doses of suxamethoniumdesigned to produce prolonged muscular relaxationmay give rise to a dangerous arrhythmia.Although a proved fatality from this method has not yet been reported, these results suggest that were such a technique used for a patient with myocardial ischaemia a fatal outcome might arise.Furthermore, if it is necessary to give large doses of suxamethonium intermittently, it is recommended that a dose of atropine (1 mg.intra- venously) should precede the second injection of suxamethonium. SummaryA slowing of the heart rate was found in 39 of a series of 41 patients after repeated suxamethonium injections.Electrocardiographic recordings showed this slowing was a sinus bradycardia in over two-thirds of the patients, with irregularities of rhythm occurring in the remainder.The nature of this arrhythmia was a depression of excitation and conduction of the cardiac impulse which in its severest form produced a cardiac arrest of seven seconds.The bradycardia or arrhythmia appears to be related to the size of the repeat dose used, and not to the number of doses or to the total amount of suxa- methonium given.Until further work has revealed the cause of these changes, atropine is suggested as a safeguard against these potentially dangerous effects.We are indebted to Dr. Evan Jones for his reading and interpretation of the electrocardiographic tracings.We
Ulcerative Colitis: Studies of Personality
Authors: E. Wittkower
Journal: BMJ (1938)

MFDZCAL JOURNAL from haemorrhage.In the latter type constipation is not uncommon.Pathogenic organisms were never found in the stools.The blood picture is discussed.The sigmoidoscopic appearances of the bowel are recorded.The presence or absence of visible ulceration bears little relation to the severity or the extent of the disease.Healing is sometimes observed.The radiological appearances are characteristic.The passage of a barium enema throughout the colon is usually rapid: the rectum is small.Lack of haustration in the colon may be seen in mild cases ; if there is also narrowing the disease is usually severe.Other appear- ances in severe cases, such as fine granular mottling or " marbling," are discussed.Achlorhydria is infrequent.It is possible that very occasionally the colitis may be secondary to achlorhydria and the rapid passage of food through the stomach and small intestine.The disease runs a chronic course, with remissions and relapses.The relapses occur at irregular intervals and bear no relation in their severity or duration to previous ones.They are often precipitated by emotional traumata.Complications in this series were few.Diagnosis is not difficult if all patients who are passing blood in the stools are thoroughly examined.Prognosis must be reserved; but the disease is not so serious as regards life as is generally supposed.Occasion- ally there is complete healing of the lesion.The pathogenesis is discussed.Although it is obvious that there is secondary infection of the colon, evidence that the disease is caused by a primary infection is un- convincing.While not suggesting that an emotional upset is the sole cause of the disease, it is suggested that this is a most important factor in the aetiology.Methods of treatment are described.Meticulous care of each patient and an optimistic attitude on the part of both patient and physician are essential.I am grateful to Professor Garrod, Mr. Naunton Morgan, and Dr. J. V. Sparks for their aid in a number of the exam- inations of the stools, the sigmoidoscopies, and the radio- graphs.Some of the patients were under the care of my colleagues at St. Bartholoniew's and the Woolwich Memorial and Gordon Hospitals, and we thank them for their courtesy in allowing us to examine these patients.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG URINARY, PITUITARY AND PLACENTAL GONADOTROPIC FACTORS
Authors: J. B. COLLIP
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The discussion in this article will be confined to the known estrogenic and gonadotropic factors of the pituitary, placenta and urine. A great mass of factual evidence bearing on these active principles has been accumulating within the past few years and indeed is still being added to rapidly month by month. Proved facts must be accepted, but an adequate and totally satisfactory correlation of these facts is quite impossible at this time. I can hope only to present a point of view that seems the most satisfactory explanation of the known facts.  ACTIVE PRINCIPLES  There is a group of estrogenic substances which may be subdivided into those active in castrates and those active only in animals with intact gonads (gonadotropic substances 1). The latter group may be subdivided into two: those of pituitary origin and those of placental origin. Some or all of these are found to occur in
Triadin regulates cardiac muscle couplon structure and microdomain Ca2+ signalling: a path towards ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Nagesh Chopra, Björn C. Knollmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Since the discovery of triadin >20 years ago as one of the major proteins located in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, the field has come a long way in understanding the pivotal role of triadin in orchestrating sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-release and hence excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. Building on the information gathered from earlier lipid bilayer and myocyte overexpression studies, the gene-targeted ablation of Trdn demonstrated triadin's indispensable role for maintaining the structural integrity of the couplon. More recently, the discovery of inherited and acquired diseases displaying altered expression and function of triadin has further emphasized the role of triadin in health and disease. Novel therapeutic approaches could be aimed at correcting the loss of triadin in diseased hearts, and thereby correcting the sub-cellular EC coupling defect. This review summarizes current concepts of the impact of triadin on cardiac EC coupling with a focus towards triadin's role for ventricular arrhythmia.
The Effect of Age on Mean Spatial QRS and T Vectors
Authors: ERNST SIMONSON, ANCEL KEYS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The differentiation between normal and abnormal changes in conventional electrocardiography is substantially improved by consideration of normal age trends. For clinical application of spatial vectorcardiography, consideration of age trends is equally important. On the basis of statistical evaluation of magnitude, azimuth and elevation of mean spatial QRS and T vectors in 105 healthy young men and 178 healthy older men, upper and lower limits were determined for each age group. The age differences were highly significant for all items of vector analysis.
THE STUDY OF A NON-DEMENTING PSYCHOSIS BY LABORATORY METHODS WITH REMARKS ON THE LOCALIZATION OF THE DISORDER
Authors: Charles L. Dana
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1903)

The history of a case of chronic manic-depressive insanity. First attack one of mild depression; second, of depression and katatonia; period of twelve years of paranoid condition; third attack one of acute mania, stupor followed by chronic mania, which is present condition, having now lasted six years. Study of psychical condition by laboratory methods at three different intervals covering a period of three years. Results and remarks on nature and localization.
The Gap Phenomena During Retrograde Conduction in Man
Authors: MASOOD AKHTAR, ANTHONY N. DAMATO, ANTONIO R. CARACTA, WILLIAM P. BATSFORD, SUN H. LAU
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Ventricular refractory period studies were performed in 12 consecutive and unselected patients using the ventricular extrastimulus method (V 2 ) at basic ventricular cycle lengths (V 1 V 1 ). In six of 12 patients two types of retrograde gaps occurred. At relatively long V 1 V 2 intervals, ventriculo-atrial (V-A) conduction failed and then resumed at shorter V 1 V 2 intervals. The initial sites of retrograde block were the A-V node in two patients and the His-Purkinje system in four patients. In both groups, resumption of V-A conduction at shorter V 1 V 2 intervals occurred because of retrograde delay within the His-Purkinje system. Retrograde gaps differ from previously described antegrade gaps in A-V conduction: The site of initial block in A-V gaps is the His-Purkinje system and resumption of A-V conduction occurs at shorter A 1 A 2 intervals because of proximal delay in the A-V node (type I) or delay in the proximal His-Purkinje system (type II). In V-A gaps the site of initial block may be either the A-V node or the His-Purkinje system and resumption of V-A conduction always occurs due to delay within the distal His-Purkinje system. A common feature of both A-V and V-A gaps is the fact that delay of the more premature impulses allows time for previously refractory areas to recover excitability and both can be functional in nature. Only one of the 12 patients had both A-V and V-A gaps in conduction. Retrograde gaps in V-A conduction are more commonly observed than A-V gaps.
Incidence and outcome of bleeding before the 20th week of pregnancy: prospective study from general practice
Authors: C. Everett
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To estimate the miscarriage rate in a cohort of pregnant women and the final outcome of pregnancy.Two year prospective community study.Women registered with four semirural practices at one health centre.626 pregnant women from a population 21448, 5140 of whom were women aged 15-44 years.Vaginal bleeding and outcome of pregnancy.76 of the 89 women with an unwanted pregnancy requested a termination. In the 550 ongoing pregnancies bleeding occurred before the 20th week in 117 (21%), and 67 (12%) ended in miscarriage. The risk of miscarriage was not significantly increased after a miscarriage in the previous pregnancy (11 (15%) women had miscarriage v 55 (12%) women who had not had miscarriage) who had previously had a live birth). Of the 117 women with bleeding, 64 were not admitted to hospital by the general practitioner; 42 of these women had an ultrasound examination at the health centre and 19 subsequently miscarried at home. In hospital 41 of 46 women who miscarried had evacuation of the uterus.Bleeding occurred in one fifth of recognised pregnancies before the 20th week and over half of these miscarried. Treatment of women with miscarriage at home means current statistics on miscarriage in Britain are missing many cases.
Commentary: Better data needed for analysis
Authors: C Bowie, R Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Much has been written about fundholding, but little is based on good research or proper analysis. It is therefore important to look at substantial pieces of work which might be more than a string of anecdotes or selected statistics.1,2 The work from North West Thames region is a brave and imaginative attempt to make the most of insufficient and inadequate data, but because the conclusions are based on so many tenuous assumptions it is open to criticism.

Many health authorities do have separate costs for some fundholding procedures that are purchased on a cost per case contract rather than a block contract. So North West Thames starts at a disadvantage in having only rudimentary data available for analysis. Nevertheless, specialty bed costs are …
VACCINATION AGAINST INFLUENZA A/H1N1 VIRUS ADVERSELY AFFECTS ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Panagiotis Xaplanteris, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Helen Sambatakou, Ilias Mariolis, Sevasti Manousakidi, Antigoni Miliou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
648 Mature lymphocytes are required for the characteristic histological manifestations in a mouse model for autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: K. Presser, K. Reifenberge, T. Bauer, T. Longerich, A. Quaas, M. Blessing, C. Schnabel, A.W. Lohse, C. Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Operative Condition–Dependent Response of Cardiac ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Channels Toward Sulfonylureas
Authors: Peter A. Brady, Alexey E. Alekseev, Andre Terzic
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —A defining property of ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels is inhibition by sulfonylurea drugs, yet the response of cardiac K ATP channels toward sulfonylureas during myocardial ischemia is not consistent. Altered channel sensitivity toward sulfonylureas has, in part, been ascribed to antagonism by cytosolic nucleotide diphosphates, although the mechanism of interaction remains unclear. Herein, in inside-out patches excised from cardiomyocytes, we observed a dual response of K ATP channels toward the sulfonylurea drug, glyburide, in the presence of cytosolic UDP. Specifically, glyburide failed to inhibit spontaneous K ATP channel activity in the presence of UDP but inhibited UDP-induced channel activity after rundown of spontaneous channel openings. Such behavior of K ATP channels cannot be explained by differences in the level of channel activity or by UDP-induced displacement of glyburide. Rather, the dual response toward the sulfonylurea could be attributed to a property of K ATP channels to switch between operative conditions (spontaneous versus UDP-induced) each associated with a distinct responsiveness toward ligands. Conversion of post-rundown K ATP channels to the spontaneously operative channel condition, by Mg-ATP, restored the ability of UDP to antagonize the inhibitory action of glyburide lost after rundown, suggesting that the response of the channel to glyburide is phosphorylation dependent. The existence of distinct operative conditions of cardiac K ATP channels could be the basis for the inconsistent response of the channel toward sulfonylurea drugs and should be considered when sulfonylureas are used to implicate the opening of K ATP channels in the myocardium.
Curcumin in Combination With Mesalamine Induces Remission in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alon Lang, Nir Salomon, Justin C.Y. Wu, Uri Kopylov, Adi Lahat, Ofir Har-Noy, Jessica Y.L. Ching, Pui Kuan Cheong, Benjamin Avidan, Dorit Gamus, Ioannis Kaimakliotis, Rami Eliakim, Siew C. Ng, Shomron Ben-Horin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
LRBA gene deletion in a patient presenting with autoimmunity without hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Siobhan O. Burns, Helen L. Zenner, Vincent Plagnol, James Curtis, Kin Mok, Michael Eisenhut, Dinakantha Kumararatne, Rainer Doffinger, Adrian J. Thrasher, Sergey Nejentsev
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The gap between episodic memory and experiment: Can c-fos expression replace recognition testing?
Authors: Jan Bures, Andre A. Fenton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The effort to identify the neural substrate of episodic recall, though ambitious, lacks experimental support. By considering the data on c- fos activation by novel and familiar stimuli in recognition studies, we illustrate how inadequate experimental designs permit alternative interpretations. We stress that interpretation of c- fos expression changes should be supported by adequate recognition tests.
Anaphylactic Reaction Caused by Treatment with Nitrofurantoin
Authors: Rostam Khorsandian
Journal: JAMA (1963)

NITROFURANTOIN has been found to be useful in the treatment of genitourinary-tract infections caused by a variety of bacterial organisms, including those resistant to many other antimicrobial agents. Continuous prophylactic treatment with nitrofurantoin has even been recommended for patients with chronic infections of the urinary tract.<sup>1</sup>Occasional reports have been published about allergies and other toxic reactions to nitrofurantoin: transient alopecia,<sup>1</sup>bilirubinuria,<sup>2</sup>jaundice, drowsiness, dizziness,<sup>2, 3</sup>and slight to moderate arrest of spermatogenesis. More frequently reported untoward reactions include dermatological abnormalities,<sup>1-4</sup>hematological manifestations,<sup>3,5,6</sup>peripheral neuritis,<sup>3,7</sup>and nausea and vomiting.<sup>2,4</sup>Sensitivity to nitrofurantoin was described by Israel and Diamond<sup>8</sup>in a patient with recurrent pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion. The most dramatic, as well as the most serious, toxic manifestation of treatment with nitrofurantoin is an anaphylactoid reaction. Fisk<sup>9</sup>reported a patient who suffered from headache, epigastric pain radiating to the
Is the dynamical hypothesis falsifiable? On unification in theories of cognition
Authors: David C. Noelle
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The dynamical hypothesis is strong in that, for it to be true, every cognitive phenomenon must be best modeled by a dynamical system. Depending on how it is interpreted, however, the hypothesis may be seen as probably false or even unfalsifiable. Strengthening the hypothesis to require unification, or at least coherence, across models in different cognitive domains alleviates this problem.
The Epidemiologic Necropsy
Authors: K. Michael Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The suggestion in the article by McFarlane et al 1 that the increased occurrence of lung cancer in the United States during the past 30 years is due to improved diagnosis of disease is not supported by the data presented and is based on faulty logic. This article confirms what numerous other published studies have shown previously: many cancers go undetected. While the existence of an undetected reservoir leaves open the possibility that changes in the occurrence rates of a given cancer site could be due to improved detection methods, this is not likely to be the case for lung cancer for the following reasons. Technological advances in the detection of primary lung cancer have not been as extensive as purported in the article, and none have been widely applied in screening the population. Certainly, advances in detection methods for cancers such as those of the colon
Increased DNA and/or RNA content of synovial fluid cells in rheumatoid arthritis: a flow-cytometry study.
Authors: B Bonvoisin, G Cordier, J P Revillard, E Lejeune, M Bouvier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Flow-cytometry studies of DNA and RNA content were carried out in acridine orange-stained synovial fluid lymphocytes from 11 patients presenting with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis. Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect specific T cell surface antigens (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) and antigens associated with lymphocyte activation (OKIa 1, OKT10). T3 positive cell percentages were comparable to those of normal blood, although T4/T8 ratios were decreased in 4 out of 5 cases, and HLA-DR positive cells increased. Six out of 11 patients showed percentages of dividing cells varying from 2.2 to 7.2% as compared with less than 1% in the other patients and in normal blood. Nondividing cells were characterised by an increase in their RNA content compared with normal blood. A greater increase of RNA content was observed in patients with lower percentages of dividing cells, suggesting a G1/S block. Changes in cellular DNA and/or RNA contents provide a valuable parameter of lymphocyte activation, not necessarily linked to the expression of differentiation antigens by activated cells.
Surgery of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This volume, by a single author, has several features that make it rather different from most. Dr Johnson's most readable, near-conversational style portrays his views and extensive experience on what has worked well for the management of a variety of foot and ankle problems. While the book is not intended to be encyclopedic, attention to the more common foot problems is more than adequate. Perhaps as valuable as Dr Johnson's thoughts on each topic are the astounding number of superb color photographs and illustrations and well-reproduced roentgenograms. This unusual feature, a tribute to the writer and publisher, undoubtedly contributes to the cost of the text but is well worth it. Although the author warns about unnecessary and poorly indicated surgery in nearly every section, the reader might be well advised to start with the final chapter on the surgical-foot cripple and quackery. The case reports supplement the much needed admonition