tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lowering of LDL Cholesterol Rather Than Moderate Weight Loss Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Obese Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Robert Bergholm, Mirja Tiikkainen, Satu Vehkavaara, Marjo Tamminen, Kari Teramo, Aila Rissanen, Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Effects of weight loss on vascular function are unknown. We compared, in the face of similar weight loss over 3–6 months, effects of orlistat (120 mg t.i.d., n = 23) and placebo (n = 24) on in vivo endothelial function in a high-risk group of obese (BMI 32.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2) premenopausal nondiabetic women with a history of gestational diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), body composition, and serum lipids were determined before and after weight loss. RESULTS—Weight loss averaged 7.3 ± 0.2 kg (8.3 ± 0.1%) and 7.4 ± 0.2 kg (8.2 ± 0.1%) of initial body weight in the orlistat and placebo groups, respectively. Forearm and body compositions changed similarly in both groups. Responses to ACh increased by 41% to the low dose (5.9 ± 0.6 vs. 8.3 ± 0.3 for flow in the experimental/control arm, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and by 33% to the high dose (7.6 ± 0.8 vs. 10.1 ± 0.6, P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the orlistat group, but they remained unchanged in the placebo group. The blood flow responses to SNP did not differ significantly between the groups. LDL cholesterol decreased significantly in the orlistat group from 3.5 ± 0.2 to 3.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.01) but remained unchanged in the placebo group. Within the orlistat group, the decrease in LDL cholesterol correlated significantly with the improvement in the blood flow response to ACh (r = −0.44, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Orlistat but not moderate (8%) weight loss per se improves endothelial function in women with previous gestational diabetes. This improvement is associated with a lowering of LDL cholesterol by orlistat.
Possible vasopressin role in premenstrual syndrome?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Premenstrual syndrome has been called an ancient woe that may be the newest women's health issue in the United States ( JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:1393-1396). Now, in the latest study of at least one possible aspect of the problem, University of Chicago Medical Center investigators are pondering a possible role for the antidiuretic pituitary hormone vasopressin.  Usually applied to severe cases, the term premenstrual syndrome can include headache, edema, appetite alterations including craving for sweet or salty foods, spontaneous crying, anxiety, depression, skin eruptions resembling acne, fatigue, abdominal distention, constipation, and breast swelling with mastalgia ( JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1983;249:2864-2866 and 250:1371-1375).  The hypothesis being pursued by Gary Shangold, MD, assistant professor in the University of Chicago's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, is that—because regulation of the hormone's secretion throughout the menstrual cycle is not completely understood—it makes sense that vasopressin would have a role in symptoms relating to water balance like
A blue patient with patent blue
Authors: S. Grüne, E. Treher
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 68-year-old man underwent colonoscopy because of a 3-cm semicircular sessile polyp in the transverse colon, close to the left flexure. The aim was to mark the polyp for the operative resection planned for the next day. To mark the polyp, 6 ml patent blue was used (Patentblau V; Guerbet GmbH, Sulzbach, Germany). As a first step, depots of saline solution were injected at the edges of the polyp. After that, the patent blue solution was injected.
Seven-year surveillance of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis in a French University Hospital
Authors: Cécile Garnaud, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Anne Thiebaut-Bertrand, Rebecca Hamidfar, Jean-Louis Quesada, Annick Bosseray, Bernadette Lebeau, Marie-Reine Mallaret, Danièle Maubon, Christel Saint-Raymond, Claudine Pinel, Virginie Hincky, Dominique Plantaz, Muriel Cornet, Hervé Pelloux
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Cross-Species Antibody Microarray Interrogation Identifies a 3-Protein Panel of Plasma Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Pancreas Cancer
Authors: Justin E. Mirus, Yuzheng Zhang, Christopher I. Li, Anna E. Lokshin, Ross L. Prentice, Sunil R. Hingorani, Paul D. Lampe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and its incidence is on the rise. Advanced disease is nearly uniformly lethal, emphasizing the need to identify PDA at its earliest stages. To discover early biomarkers of PDA, we evaluated the circulating proteome in murine preinvasive and invasive plasma samples and human prediagnostic and diagnostic samples.
LATE SERUM SICKNESS FROM DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN
Authors: T. T. Crooks
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In earlier days when diphtheria antitoxin was given in whole horse serum, serum sickness was rather common. Weaver,<sup>1</sup>in a series of 692 cases, reported serum disease in 31.1 per cent. of those in which antitoxin injections were given. He<sup>2</sup>later reported 27.1 per cent. of serum sickness in patients receiving the antitoxin refined according to Banzhaf's modification of Gibson's method, while Heinemann's method of further refinement gave serum reactions in only 8.4 per cent. of cases. Different lots of antitoxin vary in the reactions caused, but with the present refined antitoxin, there are probably not more than 10 per cent. of cases in any large series that would show any serum sickness. The majority of these are mild and consist of localized urticaria lasting a few hours, and do not cause much concern. The case reported here was of a severe type, and occasioned a great deal
Diflunisal in osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee.
Authors: W K Essigman, M A Chamberlain, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Diflunisal (750 mg per day) has been compared with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (3000 mg per day) in the treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee in a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, outpatient study. Thirty-one patients entered the diflunisal group and 29 the ASA group. The response of the 2 groups was comparable, but the incidence of side effects was higher in the ASA group. At the end of the 12-week period more patients in the diflunisal group chose to remain in a further, open study.
Quantitation of extrathyroidal conversion of l-thyroxine to 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine in the rat
Authors: Harold L. Schwartz, Martin I. Surks, Jack H. Oppenheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Studies of the rate of extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) were carried out in rats. Total body homogenates were prepared and extracted with ethanol 48, 72, and 96 hr after the intravenous injection of (125)I-T4. (131)I-T3 was added, and the paper chromatographic purification of T3 was effected by serial elution and rechromatography in three paper and one thin-layer cycles. The ratio of (131)I-T3 and (125)I-T3 counting rates in the final chromatograms, which was identical in three different paper chromatography systems, was used to calculate the proportion of (125)I-T3 to (125)I-T4 in the original homogenates. In order to discount the effects of in vitro monodeiodination of T4 during extraction and chromatography, we killed control animals immediately after injection of (125)I-T4 and processed them in a similar fashion to the experimental groups. The average ratio of (125)I-T3 to (125)I-T4 in carcass extracts of animals killed between 48 and 96 hr after isotopic injection was 0.08 whereas the average ratio of (125)I-T3 to (125)I-T4 in chromatograms of control animals was 0.01. On the basis of the proposed model, calculations indicated that about 17% of the secreted T4 was converted to T3. Assuming values cited in the literature for the concentration of nonradioactive T3 in rat plasma, these findings would suggest that about 20% of total body T3 is derived by conversion from T4. Moreover, since previous estimates have suggested that in the rat, T3 has about 3 to 5 times greater biologic activity than T4, these results also raise the possibility that the hormonal activity of T4 may be dependent in large part on its conversion to T3.A necessary assumption in calculating T4 to T3 conversion in this and other studies is that the 3' and 5' positions are randomly labeled with radioiodine in phenolic-ring iodine-labeled T4. Evidence supporting this assumption was obtained in the rat by comparing the amount of labeled T3 produced after injection of phenolic and nonphenolic-ring iodine-labeled T4.
Scientists Scan Genome for Autism Clues
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

TACKLING THE GENETIC COMPLEXity of some neurological conditions is no easy task, but researchers have begun to unravel the heritable components of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) through studies of affected families. By analyzing the DNA of 1600 families with at least two affected individuals, the Autism Genome Project Consortium, a group of more than 120 collaborators from 50 centers in North America and Europe, performed the largest genome scan to date for ASDs, finding clues to autism susceptibility (Autism Genome Project Consortium. Nat Genet. doi:10.1038/ ng1985 [published online February 18, 2007]). Throughout the 5-year study, funded primarily by the nonprofit group Autism Speaks and the National Institutes of Health, the collaborators shared DNA samples, data, and expertise (HuLince D et al. Am J Pharmacogenomics. 2005;5:233-246). “The plan came together around the idea that we needed to increase the sample size of affected families and to have a standard set of markers genotyped with a single technology,” said coprincipal investigator Stephen Scherer, PhD, of the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, in Ontario.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Report of a Case With Bacterial Endocarditis of the Pulmonary Valve and Collapse of Both Lungs*
Authors: ROY S. LEADINGHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

ExcerptA well developed and well nourished intelligent white female child fifteen years of age with cyanosis of face and extremities, entered the hospital June the first complaining of dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. She stated that she had been cyanotic all her life, but more since an attack of influenza the preceeding Christmas. Dyspnea, which formerly had been present only after unusual exertion, also became more distressing after this illness. For six months previous to admission to the hospital, she had had repeated attacks of swelling of face and extremities, and received treatment for kidney trouble because of the presence of...
THE VOLUNTARY HOSPITAL SYSTEM
Authors: R. Luce
Journal: BMJ (1923)

I HAVE clhosen the subject of the Voluntary Hospital System because the maintenance of our hospitals is one of the most pressing social questions of the hour, and one which vitally concerns, not only the medical profession but the whole body of the community.No one who concerns himself at all with social matters can fail to be interested in the future of the hospitals.The title "Voluntary Hospitals " has come gradually into use without any very exact definition of its meaning having been laid down.It has come to be applied generally to those lhospitals which are supported by voluntary contributions as opposed to those on the one band in which the patients pay for tlle treatment they receive, and those, on the other, whiclh are supported by State or local government funds.It does not necessarily mean that all the work done in them is unpaid work, or that there are no patients in them who do not con- tribute to their maintenance.The origin of these hospitals is largely lost in the mist of bistory, but with few exceptions they sprang up through the country during the latter end of the eiglhteentlh or beginning of the nineteenth centuries by tlle benevolence of charitably disposed persons to provide that medical care and treatment which the necessitous poor could not provide for themselves in their own homes.With thlem came to be associated, in the larger centres, the medical schools in which medical students, no longer content with the trainina they could get by apprenticeship to older -practitioners, could obtain organized instruction and practical experience under trained teachers of higlh repute.It became tlle recognized custom for a medical student during part of hlis curriculum to " walk," as it was called, one of the larger hospitals.Gradually as the State assumed control of medical education certain of these hospitals became the sole recognized places for tlhe provision of the more professional parts of a L; uident's training.Thje control of the hospitals was vested in a body of governors, who were subscribers of a certain sum annuallv or donors of a lump sum, who themselves appointed a committee of ltheir number to carry on the management.In those hospitals wlhere any of the subscriptions come from the working class it lias become usual to have representative governors for tlhese subscribers and a definite representation of them on the board of management.in. the by-Jaws of Most 0o these institutions there was originally a clause to the effect that only the necessitous poor were eligible for treatment.In our own Derbysliire Royal Infirmary, by a recent revision of the rules, it lhas been thouglht well to omit this clause.Since the foundation of
ABC of colorectal diseases. Anal cancer.
Authors: D. J. Jones, R. D. James
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Anal cancer is relatively uncommon, accounting for about 4% of anorectal malignancies.The condition is of increasing interest owing to appreciable changes in the patterns of treatment.The traditional treatment for anal cancer was a radical abdominoperineal excision, leaving the patient with a permanent colostomy.Emerging evidence shows that most anal cancers respond to a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which improves survival and enables radical surgery to be avoided.Proliferative anal cancer.Pathology |Types of anal neoplasm | About 80% of anal malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas..They * Squamous cell carcinoma show a range of histological features, varying from predominantly well * Malignant melanoma differentiated keratinising large cell tumours at the anal margin to less * Lymphoma differentiated non-keratinising small cell carcinomas in the upper anal * Anal gland adenocarcinoma canal.The precise histological pattern is rarely important, but their position ___________________________________ in the anus influences clinical decisions.Anal canal carcinomas arise at or above the dentate line and are not visible at the anus.Anal margin cancers occur below the dentate line and are visible; they behave like basal cell skin carcinomas and have a more favourable prognosis than anal canal cancers.If advanced the position oforigin is difficult to determine.Anal carcinomas appear as ulcers or proliferative growths with ulcerated
The Cancer Mortality Scare
Authors: Leonard Chiazze
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Considerable attention has been given recently to an apparent 5.2% rise in cancer mortality, based on data for the first seven months of 1975 as reported to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Later data disclosed that the rise in crude total cancer mortality, while greater than in any recent year, is less than half of the 5.2% originally reported, and the rise in age-adjusted total cancer mortality, while less than 1%, is also higher than the average annual increase from 1968 to 1974. The Monthly Vital Statistics Report provides death rates not standardized for age, race, and sex, and does not include information for specific cancer sites. Therefore, although information in the Monthly Vital Statistics Report is useful for detecting sudden increases in mortality from acute epidemics, it is not appropriate for forecasting trends in cancer mortality.
Chirac announces investigation into heat wave's death toll
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The death toll caused by the August heat wave in France has reached an unexpected and unprecedented high.

The number of deaths, first estimated to be 3000, then 5000, last week exceeded 10 000, according to statistics of the Pompes Funebres Generales, a group of 352 undertakers who handle about a quarter of funerals in the country.

Extrapolating from their records, the undertakers' group estimates that the number of …
Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants
Authors: Jenny Handforth, Mike Sharland, Jon S Friedland
Journal: BMJ (2004)

the more xenophobic elements of the British tabloid press, which have raised the prospect of the NHS being swamped by migrants from the acceding states while ignoring the probability that anyone moving to the United Kingdom is more likely to be providing rather than receiving health care.Any effects are likely to be gradual, but in the long term they could be substantial, albeit in ways that no one can now predict.Enlargement brings challenges, but also opportunities, and Europe's politicians and professional associations must continue to discuss how the European ideal can work to promote effective health policies that benefit all their citizens.
Predisposing factors for cerebral infarction: the Oxfordshire community stroke project.
Authors: P. A. Sandercock, C. P. Warlow, L. N. Jones, I. R. Starkey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The frequency of known causative factors of cerebral infarction was studied in 244 cases of first ever stroke due to cerebral infarction proved by computed tomography or at necropsy who were registered in the first two years of a prospective community based study. Risk factors for cerebral infarction were present in 196 (80%) cases; hypertension in 126 (52%); ischaemic heart disease in 92 (38%); peripheral vascular disease in 60 (25%); a cardiac lesion that was a major potential source of embolism to the brain in 50 (20%); transient ischaemic attacks in 35 (14%); cervical arterial bruit in 33 (14%); and diabetes mellitus in 24 (10%). Thirty one patients (13%) were in atrial fibrillation. Of the 48 patients who were free of risk factors or a major potential cardiac source of embolism at the time of the stroke, 18 were found to have hypertension after the stroke and 10 to have non-atheromatous non-embolic conditions (migrainous cerebral infarction (three), arteritis (two), inflammatory bowel disease (one), arterial trauma (one), autoimmune disease (one), carcinoma of the thyroid (one), and major operation (one). In 20 patients no causative factors could be identified. In this unselected series of patients with first ever stroke due to cerebral infarction most of the strokes were presumed to be due to either atheromatous arterial disease or embolism from the heart, and only 4% (95% confidence interval 2 to 7%) were probably due to non-atheromatous non-embolic causes. This has implications for research into strokes and allocation of public health expenditure.
Early Evaluation of Tumoral Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy by Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in a Patient With Recurrent Glioblastoma Receiving Bevacizumab
Authors: Slim Fellah, Nadine Girard, Olivier Chinot, Patrick J. Cozzone, Virginie Callot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Case ReportA 79-year-old man with recurrent glioblastoma was treated with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) and irinotecan (125 mg/m 2 ) every 2 weeks for 6 months.He did not receive corticosteroids during this period.The patient underwent a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol before treatment (D0) and 15, 30, 90, 120, and 180 days after treatment (D15, D30, D90, D120, and D180, respectively).The MRI study was approved by our institutional committee on ethics, and informed consent was obtained from the patient.Before treatment, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) abnormalities covered almost all of the right hemisphere
Gastrointestinal Replacement Solution
Authors: E. A. Badoe
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The mean sodium concentration of 61 gastrointestinal aspirations in peritonitis was 103 mEq/l. (S.D. 16.66), of 16 aspirations in vagotomy 88 mEq/l. (S.D. 19.49), of 12 aspirations in perforated duodenal ulcer 81 mEq/l. (S.D. 19.49), and of 15 aspirations in intestinal obstruction 89 mEq/l. (S.D. 19.49). The mean potassium concentrations were 9, 9.9, 13, and 8.8 mEq/l. respectively, and the mean chloride concentrations 122, 131, 125, and 112 mEq/l. respectively. It is suggested that a gastrointestinal replacement solution should contain 100 mEq of sodium, 12 mEq of potassium, and 122 mEq of chloride per litre; 50 g. of dextrose or 100 g. of fructose may be added to provide energy.
Experimental Rotavirus Vaccine Passes First Test; Eventual Goal: Immunize Newborns Against Most Prevalent Cause of Life-Threatening Diarrhea
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

AN EXPERIMENTAL vaccine was completely successful in protecting 123 infants (1 to 10 months of age) against the most severe episodes of rotaviral diarrhea, reports a team of investigators from the United States and Venezuela (<i>Lancet</i>1987;1:882-884). Furthermore, only one of 68 vaccinated infants under 5 months of age developed any symptoms at all of rotaviral infection, the investigators reported, compared with 15 such illnesses in 65 infants who were not vaccinated. Rotaviruses, first identified in 1973, are so common that nearly everyone develops antibodies to them before three years of age. Jorge Flores, MD, a visiting scientist at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, and one of the study's principal investigators, says: "The rates of infection are as high in Washington, DC, as they are in Bangladesh. It's a very democratic virus. The outcome [of infection] depends on the extent and availability of medical