tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why I Startled
Authors: Gaetan Sgro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Ad Libitum1 July 2014Why I StartledGaetan Sgro, MDGaetan Sgro, MDFrom Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1052 Audio Reading - “Why I Startled” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Why I Startled," by G. Sgro. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail During storms, I used to inch along the rafters in the barnto perch in a windowless dormer that overlooked the pond.Curtains of rain would trawl across, bristling the surfacebefore driving on. I'd crouch there eavesdropping, absorbingthe chatter between sheet metal and falling water untilmy head was full of rain. Today, your voice sounds like this.In December, the great room dim and full of embers, I'd draga chair across the floorboards to press my cheek against a pane.Facing sideways, squinting, frost would blossom and clear in timewith my breathing, until Sarah came and shielding me from mother... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Current Author Address: Gaetan Sgro, MD; e-mail, gaetan.[email protected]gov PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Why I Startled” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Why I Startled," by G. Sgro. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 2014Volume 161, Issue 1Page: 45KeywordsBreathingShockShouldersStorms ePublished: 1 July 2014 Issue Published: 1 July 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Temporal Hypoperfusion Assessed by Cerebral Blood Flow SPECT and Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Patients With Eating Disorders
Authors: Julio F. Jiménez-Bonilla, Remedios Quirce, Ignacio Banzo, Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez, Aurora Sainz-Esteban, Humberto Portilla, José Manuel Carril
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between temporal hypoperfusion in the acute phase of patients with eating disorders and the long-term clinical outcome. Method: Brain perfusion was studied using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in 17 patients with eating disorders (ED) and compared with 12 controls (C). Semiquantitative analysis was carried out by left/right indexes. Clinical records were reviewed 15 years later and the patients were classified into 2 groups: bad outcome in 10 patients and good outcome in 4. The results of the basal SPECT were compared with the clinical outcome. Results: The mean of the differences of temporal perfusion in the lower slice was 0.1476 ± 0.1121 in ED and 0.03 ± 0.019 in C (P < 0.001). Comparisons between C and bad outcome showed a significant difference (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between good outcome and C. Conclusions: The temporal hypoperfusion in the acute phase of patients with ED showed a correlation with the long-term clinical outcome and suggested a prognostic value of temporal hypoperfusion.
Abstract 5546: Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF)2 Inhibits Macrophage Pro-inflammatory Activation
Authors: Ashwin V Hampole, Ganapati H Mahabeleshwar, Nikunj Sharma, Mukesh K Jain
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Inflammation contributes to a broad spectrum of human disease states including cardiovascular disease. Macrophages are critical regulators of the innate inflammatory response. KLF2 is a member of the Krüppel-like family of zinc-finger transcription factors implicated in cellular development and differentiation. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that KLF2 inhibits pro-inflammatory activation of monocytic cell lines. However, the role of KLF2 in macrophage activation and function of primary cells remains unknown. Methods and Results: To gain insights regarding the role of KLF2 in macrophage biology, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies were undertaken. For gain-of-function analyses, RAW264.7 cells were infected with empty control virus (Ad-EV) and KLF2 virus (Ad-K2) for 24 hours followed by assessment of key inflammatory targets by quantitative PCR and ELISA. Our studies revealed a marked reduction in both mRNA expression and protein secretion of CD40L, MCP-1, IL-1 β , and TNF α . To assess the effect of KLF2 deficiency, we harvested primary peritoneal macrophages from KLF2 +/+ and KLF2 +/− mice. These cells were cultured for 24 hours, stimulated with LPS (50 ng/ml) overnight, and then assessed for target genes. As expected, the expression of all 4 targets was increased in KLF2 +/+ ; however, this induction was markedly enhanced in KLF2 +/− macrophages. Finally, to gain insights regarding the effect of KLF2 deficiency on macrophage function, migration (Transwell) and invasion (Matrigel) assays were performed. We find that KLF2 deficiency augments both macrophage migration (KLF2 +/+ : 256±8.8% versus KLF2 +/− : 380±9.7%, P&lt;5×10 −6 ) and invasion (KLF2 +/+ : 248±10.6% versus KLF2 +/− : 329±10.2%, P&lt;1×10 −4 ) following LPS activation. Finally, our mechanistic studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of KLF2 are mediated, at least in part, by its ability to inhibit the NF-kB pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that KLF2 is novel regulator of macrophage activation. As such, targeting of KLF2 function may be beneficial in preventing a wide spectrum of inflammatory disease such as atherosclerosis.
Measurement error in the Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer: what damage has been done and what can we learn?
Authors: R M Conroy, E O'Brien, K O'Malley, N Atkins
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer is used in all aspects of blood pressure research, from clinical trials to evaluation of new blood pressure recorders. It is designed to reduce observer bias in blood pressure measurement. The problem is that it also underestimates blood pressure. Furthermore, this was first reported more than two decades ago. In this paper Rónán Conroy and colleagues explore the consequences of using an inaccurate instrument for important research and why prestigious organisations like the World Health Organisation continue to use it.
Surrogate mothers should be paid expenses only
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Steps to avoid the growth of commercial surrogacy in Britain are to be taken by the government on the basis of a report published last week by a team set up by health ministers. It proposes that any payments made to a surrogate mother should cover expenses only and that agencies involved should be registered and subject to a code of practice.

Up to 100 babies a year are born to surrogate mothers, and there is evidence of women earning …
Medical Notes on Montenegro
Authors: O. L. Levy, J. C. F. Naumann
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THEERE are in the world not a few forgotten corners.Such is Monte- negro, a country, however, full of interest to the archaeologist, the ethnologist, and the linguist.To mention only two or three particulars: ]bor the first there is the old Roman ruin of ioclea, while to the province of ethniology and philology pertains the fact that the people of Montenegro, while belonging to the Southern Slavs, yet differ from them in many points, as do the Albanians.Then, for the student of
Epilepsy: A Window to Brain Mechanisms
Authors: Terrence L. Riley
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Hughlings Jackson predicted that epilepsy would provide an unparallelled opportunity to study the mind and nervous system, an opportunity Penfield and Jasper exploited in their monumental work<i>Epilepsy and the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain</i>.<sup>1</sup>Subsequent books on the same theme<sup>2,3</sup>were necessarily technical, and focused on complicated research models not designed to display the "window to brain mechanisms" in a manner that could be interesting or easily digested by the student, general medical audience, or even many clinical neurologists or neurological surgeons.<i>Science and Epilepsy</i><sup>4</sup>by O'Leary and Goldring reviewed the influence of epilepsy in neuroscience research, but did not focus on current experimental work. This new effort is written and displayed in a manner that should be understandable by any who have completed medical school physiology, and yet the approach and information are current and detailed enough to be valuable to the physician with clinical or
Abstract 4619: Protein palmitoylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): DHHC5 palmitoyltransferase as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Hui Tian, Jui-Yun Lu, Chunli Shao, Kenneth Huffman, Ryan Carstens, John D. Minna, Sandra L. Hofmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Post-translational palmitoylation of intracellular proteins is mediated by protein palmitoyltransferases (PAT) belonging to the DHHC family, which share a common catalytic Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) motif. According to a genome-wide siRNA screen scoring for growth suppression in over 50 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, DHHC family members are strikingly over-represented. Among the tested DHHC palmitoyltransferases, knockdown of DHHC5 showed cell growth inhibition in many cell lines in the initial screen. To further investigate the growth suppression in response to DHHC5 depletion, transient and stable knockdowns of DHHC5 were undertaken in a dozen of NSCLC cell lines identified in the genome-wide screen using siRNAs and lentiviral shRNAs. Such knockdown was also performed in three immortalized human lung bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs). The gene expression and protein levels of DHHC5 were analyzed by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, both of which showed efficient knockdown levels. Cell proliferation and anchorage-dependent/independent colony formation assays indicated that DHHC5 knockdown led to cell growth arrest and decreased cell clonogenicity in most of the tested NSCLC cell lines in vitro, but not in the HBECs. H1299, H358 and H2009 cell lines were particularly dependent on DHHC5 expression and the growth-suppression phenotype of DHHC5 stable knockdown H1299/H358/H2009 cells was rescued by overexpression of DHHC5. The catalytically inactive DHHC5 mutant was not able to provide rescue. In vivo tumor formation assays were then carried out by injecting H1299 and H358 control cells and DHHC5 stable knockdown cells subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice. DHHC5 knockdown led to absence or dramatically decreased tumor xenograft formation. Furthermore, a Tet-On inducible system with TRIPZ shRNA lentiviral delivery was established in H1299. Mouse xenografts using this H1299 Tet-on inducible cell line showed similar results. As DHHC5 function is needed for optimal lung cancer cell growth, it will be important to identify physiologically relevant substrates in order to develop inhibitors of DHHC5 function. Future plans include microarray and protein kinase array analysis to distinguish possible signaling pathways in which DHHC5 may be involved, as well as palmitoyl-protein profiling of normal and knockdown DHHC5 cell lines by mass spectrometry. Citation Format: Hui Tian, Jui-Yun Lu, Chunli Shao, Kenneth Huffman, Ryan Carstens, John D. Minna, Sandra L. Hofmann. Protein palmitoylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): DHHC5 palmitoyltransferase as a potential therapeutic target. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4619. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4619
Epidermal growth factor receptor defects in leprechaunism. A multiple growth factor-resistant syndrome.
Authors: S S Reddy, C R Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Leprechaunism is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe growth retardation and insulin resistance. Maximal epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding was reduced in fibroblasts from three unrelated patients with leprechaunism (Ark-1, Can-1, and Minn-1) compared with control (0.8-2.2%/mg protein vs. 5.5%/mg protein). This was due to a decrease in receptor affinity in Ark-1 and Can-1 and a decrease in receptor number in Minn-1. In all cell lines, EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation was also decreased to 18-60% of control, whereas EGF internalization and degradation was normal. Sphingosine (40 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, increased EGF receptor affinity twofold in control cells and six- to nine-fold in cells of leprechaunism. However, sphingosine did not enhance EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation in either the controls or the patients' cells. By contrast, only one of the three cell lines of patients with the type A syndrome demonstrated a decrease in EGF binding and all demonstrated normal or near normal EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation. These data indicate that in patients with leprechaunism, there are functional abnormalities of the EGF receptor, as well as of the insulin receptor, that may contribute to the severity of the syndrome. These data also suggest a role for the insulin receptor in maintaining normal EGF receptor function in these cells.
Nomenclature of Pituitary Principles
Authors: F. G. Young
Journal: BMJ (1941)

I AGREE with Dr. F. W. Landgrebe1 that the suffix trophic is inappropriate in application to all the known pituitary principles, but I cannot accept the argument that the hitherto accepted suffix tropic is unsatisfactory. It is true that τρeπω means turn, but the meanings direct or change also exist and provide a satisfactory basis for the use of the suffix tropic as descriptive of those pituitary principles which control or change other tissues or glands. The multiplication of names in a field in which the terminology is already plethoric is bound to lead to confusion, and I would urge that we retain the original suffix tropic as a general one to denote those pituitary substances which influence or change other tissues, irrespective of their mode of action. The growth of our knowledge of the nature and action of these substances will no doubt necessitate terminological reclassification, but perhaps in the future, as well as at the present time, the suffix tropic may be retained as a general one denoting those hypophyseal principles which influence, in a general manner, other glands and tissues.
Pupillary Reactivity to Emotional Information in Child and Adolescent Depression: Links to Clinical and Ecological Measures
Authors: Jennifer S. Silk, Ronald E. Dahl, Neal D. Ryan, Erika E. Forbes, David A. Axelson, Boris Birmaher, Greg J. Siegle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Pupil dilation provides a quantitative index of the temporal pattern of brain reactivity to emotional stimuli. Previous reports indicate that depressed adults show sustained pupil dilation to emotional words, but this phenomenon has not been investigated in children. This study investigated pupil dilation in children with depression and examined how differences in pupillary responses to emotional stimuli correlate with self-rated emotional experiences in participants' natural environments in everyday life. Method: Participants were 20 children with major depressive disorder and 22 comparison children ages 8–17. Pupil dilation was measured during a valence identification task. Participants also rated positive and negative affect in their natural environments as part of an ecological momentary assessment protocol. Results: Children showed greater pupil dilation to negative words than to neutral or positive words. Children with major depression had diminished late pupil dilation relative to comparison children 9–12 sec after a negative word was presented. Diminished late pupil dilation to negative words was associated with greater severity of depression and with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of positive affect in the natural environment. Conclusions: Depressed children exhibit a dynamic change in cognitive-affective resources devoted to processing negative emotional words, with more dramatic decreases than in comparison children after a negative word is initially processed, a pattern that differs markedly from that observed in depressed adults. Diminished late pupil dilation in children with major depression could be a marker for problems in emotional reactivity and/or regulation associated with pediatric depression.
The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Plasma Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Patricia J.M. Best
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women decreases cardiac mortality and improves endothelial function. The endothelium regulates vascular tone and growth by releasing such factors as nitric oxide and endothelin-1. Objective: To determine whether ERT alters the balance between the total oxidized products of nitric oxide and endothelin-1. Design: Single-arm, before–after clinical trial. Setting: Outpatient clinical research center of an academic medical center. Patients: 15 postmenopausal women. Intervention: Treatment with 17β-estradiol for 6 months and a 10-day course of methoxyprogesterone every 3 months. Measurements: Plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1 levels were measured at baseline and after 6 months of ERT. Results: The mean baseline nitric oxide level was 27.5 nmol/mL (range, 20.3 to 34.8 nmol/mL) and increased by a mean of 7.2 nmol/mL (range, 0.2 to 14.1 nmol/mL) (P = 0.04). The mean baseline plasma endothelin-1 level was 16.4 pg/mL (range, 12.0 to 20.8 pg/mL) and decreased by a mean of 3.9 pg/mL (range, 0.4 to 7.8 pg/mL) (P = 0.04). The mean baseline ratio of nitric oxide to endothelin-1 was 2.0 (range, 1.3 to 2.8) and increased by 1.2 (range, 0.1 to 2.2) (P = 0.03). Conclusion: ERT results in an increased ratio of nitric oxide to endothelin-1. This may be one mechanism by which ERT provides cardiovascular benefit.
Clinical consequences of hyperglycemia during remission induction therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: J R Roberson, H L Spraker, J Shelso, Y Zhou, H Inaba, M L Metzger, J E Rubnitz, R C Ribeiro, J T Sandlund, S Jeha, C-H Pui, S C Howard
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN
Authors: Jerome Gross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The total amount of neutral salt-extractible collagen in the skin of growing, suckling guinea pigs amounted to about 10 per cent of the total collagen of the dennis. This is roughly equivalent to a 1 to 2 day increment in dermal collagen incident to growth. Fourteen days of static weight maintained by limited caloric intake reduced the neutral salt-extractible collagen to very low levels. Following this period, 5 to 7 days of steady weight gain induced by ad lib. feeding was required to produce significant increases in this collagen fraction. Return to control levels occurred within 12 days of continuous growth. The amount of collagen extracted from the dermis of young guinea pigs with cold neutral salt solutions varied directly with growth rate (weight gain) and was greatly diminished after short periods of restricted caloric intake. Two days of fasting diminished the total extracted collagen by one-half. Three consecutive extractions with citrate buffer pH, 3.5, of the residues remaining after exhaustive saline extraction removed 40 per cent more collagen from the skins of actively growing animals than from those of animals fasted for 2 days. However, subsequent extraction of residues with dilute acetic acid equalized the total amount of collagen extracted at acid pH from the two groups. The viscosity of cold neutral extracts was unrelated to the concentrations of non-collagenous proteins and carbohydrates but varied directly with the collagen content.
Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin, but Not Testosterone, Is Associated Prospectively and Independently With Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Authors: Shalender Bhasin, Guneet K. Jasjua, Michael Pencina, Ralph D’Agostino, Andrea D. Coviello, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Thomas G. Travison
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The association between total testosterone and metabolic syndrome has prompted speculation that low testosterone contributes to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome in men. We determined whether testosterone or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is independently associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome.Cross-sectional relationships of hormone levels with metabolic syndrome were assessed in a sample of men in generation 2 of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) who did not receive testosterone or androgen-deprivation therapy (n = 1,625) and confirmed in a validation sample of men in FHS generation 3 (n = 1,912). Hormone levels in generation 2 examination 7 were related prospectively to incident metabolic syndrome 6.6 years later at examination 8. Testosterone was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, SHBG was measured by immunofluorometric assay, and free testosterone was calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, testosterone and SHBG were more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than free testosterone in the training sample. SHBG, but not testosterone or free testosterone, was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]). These findings were confirmed in a validation sample. Longitudinally, SHBG at examination 7, but not testosterone or free testosterone, was associated with incident metabolic syndrome at examination 8 after adjusting for age, smoking, BMI, and HOMA-IR. Multivariable analyses suggested that age, BMI, and insulin sensitivity independently affect SHBG and testosterone levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.SHBG, but not testosterone, is independently associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. These data do not reveal an independent prospective relationship between testosterone and metabolic syndrome in men.
A sax and a rose
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Funerals are a challenge to us bow tie wearers. Conventional neckwear is required, but you struggle to remember the Windsor knot. You can hardly sport a black tie in clinic, so you have to change on the way. In a train last week I persevered, peering at my reflection in the screen of my laptop.

It turned out that I needn’t have bothered. This was a celebration, not a wake. Edinburgh’s medical community turned out in force, …