tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factor Analysis of Clustered Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescence
Authors: Elizabeth Goodman, Lawrence M. Dolan, John A. Morrison, Stephen R. Daniels
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Clustering of cardiovascular (CV) risks begins in childhood, yet studies of the factor structure underlying this clustering have focused on adults. The increasing rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes and the growing importance of metabolic syndrome among adolescents make assessment of CV risk clustering even more urgent in this age group.Exploratory factor analysis (principal components analysis) was performed with data from 1578 healthy seventh to 12th graders from the Princeton School District Study, a school-based study in Cincinnati, Ohio. Measured CV risks included cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin and glucose, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fibrinogen, and blood pressure. Factor analysis yielded 4 uncorrelated factors (adiposity [BMI, waist, fibrinogen, insulin], cholesterol [LDL and total cholesterol], carbohydrate-metabolic [glucose, insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides], and blood pressure [systolic and diastolic blood pressure]). These factors explained approximately 67% of the total variance. A summary cumulative risk scale was derived from factor scores, and high risk was defined as scoring in the top 5%. Although insulin loaded onto both the adiposity and carbohydrate-metabolic factors, obesity was a much stronger correlate of high cumulative risk (odds ratio=19.2; 95% CI, 7.6 to 48.5) than hyperinsulinemia (odds ratio=3.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.8). A sizable proportion (18.5%; n=12) of those who were at high cumulative risk were not at high risk for any of the individual factors.The patterning of CV risk clustering seen among adults is present in healthy adolescents. Among youth, obesity is the predominant correlate of cumulative risk.
Long-Term, Ambulatory, Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion versus Multiple Daily Injections in Brittle Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jose Barbosa, Lois Menth, John Eaton, David Sutherland, Esther F Freier, John Najarian
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

We compared the blood glucose control of four intact and eight kidney recipient, metabolically unstable, ketosis-prone, insulin-dependent diabetic patients under two different regimens: (a) intensive conventional treatment with two to four insulin injections daily (48 patient-months) and (B) subcutaneous, portable insulin delivery system (IDS) (54 patient-months). Both regimens included frequent home blood glucose and 24-h urine glucose determinations and daily telephone follow-up to maximize compliance with treatment. Analyzed as a group the fasting blood glucose for intact patients (A: 172 ± 13 mg/dl; B: 141 ± 12, P &amp;lt; 0.02) and the nonfasting blood glucose for kidney recipient patients (A: 165 ± 10; B: 138 ± 5, P &amp;lt; 0.01) were significantly lower during treatment with the IDS than with multiple injections. Six out of 12 patients (2/4 intact and 4/8 kidney recipient patients) showed significant and consistent improvement of blood glucose concentrations. Four showed marginal and inconsistent improvement. Two patients (one intact and one kidney recipient) improved on the IDS but maintained the improvement when changed back to conventional treatment. The 24-h urine glucose, maximal glucose excursions, number of blood glucoses ≤ 40 mg/dl, and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased significantly in some patients on the pump. We conclude that subcutaneous, portable insulin delivery devices can significantly improve the metabolic control of some ambulatory, unstable diabetic patients during long-term treatment beyond that obtained with intensive, multiple-injection, conventional treatment. Normalization of the metabolic control, however, is not obtained. These infusion systems still pose several problems during ambulatory use, which could have serious consequences in patients less compliant and/or followed less closely than ours.
Drug Delivery: Nanoengineered Particles for Enhanced Intra‐Articular Retention and Delivery of Proteins (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 10/2014)
Authors: Ankur Singh, Rachit Agarwal, Carlos A. Diaz‐Ruiz, Nick J. Willett, Peiyi Wang, L. Andrew Lee, Qian Wang, Robert E. Guldberg, Andrés J. García
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Localized intra-articular delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins can reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis but poses a challenge because of rapid clearance within few hours of injection. On page 1562, A. J. García and co-workers report a new class of polymer that forms self-assembled nanoparticles with therapeutic proteins for prolonged retention in intra-articular joint spaces compared to bolus protein doses.
528 THE DEFECTIVE FUNCTION OF GUT DENDRITIC CELLS OF RATS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION IS CORRECTED BY BOWEL DECONTAMINATION WITH ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: L. Muñnoz, M. Úbeda, M.J. Borrero, M. Lario, R. Francés, D. Díaz, J. Monserrat, L. Lledó, J. Such, M. Alvarez-Mon, A. Albillos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Rifampin and Red Urine
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to point out an important omission in Berman's article "When the Urine is Red" (237:2753, 1977). Rifampin and its metabolites may color urine, feces, saliva, sputum, sweat, and tears a bright red-orange. This can create a great deal of anxiety for both patients and medical personnel unless they are forewarned of this "harmless" phenomenon. (Harmless is used here in a relative sense because those who have attempted to remove the stains from clothing may not consider it so.) In view of the extensive use of rifampin as an antituberculosis drug and for meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis, a mention of rifampin seems more timely than the mention of paraaminosalicylic acid, a drug used infrequently nowadays.
Loose Knee Prosthesis Detection by Scintigraphic Arthrography
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, YUNUS K. BARODAWALA, THEODORE PAPADEMETRIOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

ABDEL-DAYEM, HUSSEIN M. M.D.; BARODAWALA, YUNUS K. M.D.; PAPADEMETRIOU, THEODORE M.D. Author Information
Role of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Christoph Schramm, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

More than 30 years ago controlled clinical trials demonstrated that treatment with steroids improves the outcome of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) decisively. Azathioprine was soon found to add benefit in the therapy of AIH and was shown to be the drug of choice for maintenance therapy. Since then, corticosteroid monotherapy and the combination of steroids with azathioprine have become the standard of treatment for AIH [1,2]. The excellent response rates and the fact thatAIH is a raredisease requiringmulticenter efforts on theonehandand limitedcommercial benefit on the other hand have led to a lack of larger controlled clinical trials evaluating alternative first line treatment options thereafter. Using high dose prednisolone initially (0.5–1 mg/kg/d) in combination with azathioprine at a dose of 1–1.5 mg/kg/d in patients not severely jaundiced leads to complete and partial biochemical response rates in over 90% of patients within the first year of treatment and to an excellent long term survival [3,4]. This regimen is frequently used in European countries. One could, therefore, argue that there is no need for alternative first line treatments of AIH. However, up to 10% of patients do not respond sufficiently to the combination of prednisolone and azathioprine and another 5–10% experience side effects requiring treatment modification [1,5]. Side effects include the more frequent gastrointestinal complaints induced by azathioprine but also serious toxicity such as pancreatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, and neutropenia. Steroid related side effects include the multiple short term effects of high dose steroid therapy such as weight gain, diabetes, and psychosis and the long term effects on bone, eyes, and skin among others [1]. Budesonide has recently been demonstrated as a potential alternative for prednisolone with possibly less steroid side-effects in the so far largest controlled clinical trial of AIH [6], but the clinical value of budesonide remains controversial [2]. In this context, the study by Zachou et al. reported in this issue of the Journal [7] evaluated mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in combination with prednisolone as an alternative to azathioprine in the first line treatment of AIH. MMF is a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, which is an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the de novo purine synthesis which is required for the proliferation of Band T-lym-
In vivo regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 gene in humanized transgenic mice
Authors: Junghyun Kim, Abolfazl Zarjou, Amie M. Traylor, Subhashini Bolisetty, Edgar A. Jaimes, Travis D. Hull, James F. George, Fady M. Mikhail, Anupam Agarwal
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Recurrent Pneumocystis Pneumonia With Normal Chest Roentgenograms
Authors: Luis Sirotzky
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PNEUMOCYSTIS<i>carinii</i>pneumonia is seen in patients with acquired immune deficiencies.<sup>1</sup>A high index of suspicion is mandatory in the antemortem diagnosis of this infection since it is 100% fatal if not treated. Treatment with pentamidine or cotrimoxazole has been reported to be effective.<sup>2</sup>Generally, infection is manifested by fever, tachypnea, alveolar infiltrates on chest roentgenograms, and hypoxemia.<sup>1</sup>However, not all of these signs may be present, and the cause of the patient's respiratory difficulties may be obscure. We report a case of biopsy-proved recurrent<i>Pneumocystis</i>infection in a renal transplant patient with normal chest roentgenograms. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old man with renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis received a kidney from his father in 1970. He received prednisone and azathioprine as antirejection treatment. In 1972, a fibrosarcoma from his right anterior thigh was removed. In 1974, abnormal liver function test results were noted. Azathioprine
No resolution on question of antibiotics in feed
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

After a year of study, an 11-member National Research Council (NRC) committee has told the Food and Drug Administration that data about the possible human health effects of placing antibiotics in animal feed are inconclusive and that "insurmountable technical difficulties" stand in the way of comprehensive epidemiologic study of this question. Because of concern over development of resistant bacterial strains, the FDA has been trying since 1977 to restrict use (for growth promotion and disease prevention) of antibiotics in animal feed. However, the US House of Representatives tabled this effort until the National Academy of Sciences, of which the NRC is a part, could study the question (<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS 242:1464, 1979). The committee now says that existing epidemiologic studies neither prove nor disprove the human hazard hypothesis and that the major problem of any such study is that therapeutic (for specific illnesses) and subtherapeutic (in feed) uses of antibiotics in
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Angiogenesis After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marlies Oostendorp, Kim Douma, Allard Wagenaar, Jos M.G.M. Slenter, Tilman M. Hackeng, Marc A.M.J. van Zandvoort, Mark J. Post, Walter H. Backes
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Angiogenesis is a natural mechanism to restore perfusion to the ischemic myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Therapeutic angiogenesis is being explored as a novel treatment for MI patients; however, sensitive, noninvasive in vivo measures of therapeutic efficacy are lacking and need to be developed. Here, a molecular magnetic resonance imaging method is presented to noninvasively image angiogenic activity in vivo in a murine model of MI with cyclic Asn-Gly-Arg (cNGR)–labeled paramagnetic quantum dots (pQDs). The tripeptide cNGR homes specifically to CD13, an aminopeptidase that is strongly upregulated during myocardial angiogenesis. Methods and Results— Acute MI was induced in male Swiss mice via permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging was performed 7 days after surgery and up to 2 hours after intravenous contrast agent administration. Injection of cNGR-pQDs resulted in a strong negative contrast that was located mainly in the infarcted myocardium. This negative contrast was significantly less in MI mice injected with unlabeled pQDs and in sham-operated mice injected with cNGR-pQDs. Validation with ex vivo 2-photon laser scanning microscopy revealed a strong colocalization of cNGR-pQDs with vascular endothelial cells, whereas unlabeled pQDs were mostly extravasated and diffused through the tissue. Additionally, 2-photon laser scanning microscopy demonstrated significant microvascular remodeling in the infarct/border zones compared with remote myocardium. Conclusions— cNGR-pQDs allow selective, noninvasive detection of angiogenic activity in the infarcted heart with the use of in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo 2-photon laser scanning microscopy.
Scoring Systems for Blistering Diseases in Practice
Authors: Dédée F. Murrell, Masayuki Amagai, Victoria P. Werth
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant
Authors: Paul M. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Fetal and neonatal medicine advances so rapidly that a wholesale revision of Fanaroff and Martin's standard text after only four years is warranted and welcome. New topics include overviews of computer applications in perinatal medicine, bioethical considerations, and anesthesia for premature infants. Certain other areas have been extensively reorganized, updated, and expanded—especially those dealing with central nervous system disturbances and their sequelae; estimation of fetal health; perinatal (it was<i>ante</i>natal in the third edition) ultrasound; and nutrition and fluid, electrolyte, and acidbase homeostasis. The fresh perspectives of many new contributors enliven and enrich this new edition. The editors called on authors to place equal emphasis on basic and clinical sciences. The excellent chapter "Obstetric Management of Prematurity" is an example of the value of this approach. Most presentations provide adequate background information yet tilt steeply toward diagnosis, management, and prevention. This balance is usually sufficient to orient the neophyte,
Turtle-Associated Salmonellosis in the United States
Authors: Mitchell L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

We examined the effect of state and federal legislative actions on the incidence of human salmonellosis associated with pet turtles. Using the Salmonella Surveillance System of the Center for Disease Control, we identified Salmonella serotypes that were and were not specifically turtle associated. From 1970 to 1976, there was a 77% reduction in frequency of turtle-associated serotypes and no consistent trend among non-turtle-associated serotypes. Decrease in frequency of turtle-associated serotypes correlated best with decrease in total production of pet turtles. Reduction in turtle-associated sertotypes temporally correlated with an 18% reduction in frequency of salmonellosis in children, aged 1 to 9 years. Frequency of turtle-associated serotypes rapidly fell in states importing turtles, in contrast to states producing them. Continued although infrequent occurrence of salmonellosis in children with pet turtles counsels against relaxing legislation concerned with its control.
The problems of closed liver injuries
Authors: R. H. B. Mills
Journal: Gut (1961)

Because laceration of the liver is a condition which the surgeon is rarely called upon to treat, 36 cases of liver injury admitted between 1926 and 1958 have been reviewed and the results compared with those of other authors. As well as discussing the incidence of this injury and its relation to age, sex, and pathology, the surgical management is outlined. The greatest single factor which has assisted the surgeon is transfusion of whole blood. Early operation is considered advisable, and suturing is preferred in repairing damage to the liver substance and achieving haemostasis. Nevertheless, the mortality rate is high, in this series 60%, which compares favourably with that of other series. It is notable that patients operated on have a better chance of survival than those not operated upon.
Israel bans graduates of Al Quds University from taking exam to enable them to work in Israel
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Israeli Medical Association has called on Israel’s health ministry to allow Palestinian doctors who graduate from Al Quds University to practise in East Jerusalem, the disputed territory at the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Since the first batch of medical students graduated from Al Quds in 2002 they have not been allowed to take the licensing exam that foreigners take to be able to practise in the Israeli health system. Israel says that because the university has facilities in East Jerusalem, which is under Israeli control, and in the West Bank, which is Palestinian territory, it is not technically a foreign university so its graduates cannot sit this exam. However, if they have not passed the exam they cannot …
Anabolic actions of reduced and S-carbamidomethylated human growth hormone and its plasmin digest in man.
Authors: S B Heymsfield, R A Bethel, E C Hall, J B Mills, M H Moseley, J L Kostyo, D Rudman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Six children aged 12-15 yr, deficient in endogenous growth hormone, were each treated, after a 7-day control period, for 7 days with 0.0168, 0.052, and 0.168 U/kg body wt3/4 human growth (hGH) (doses A, B, and C, respectively) in separate metabolic balance studies. Doses B and C caused a dose-related retention of N, P, K, Na, and Cl in ratios of 1/0.069/4.5/7.5/5.6. These ratios indicate increments in masses of protoplasm/extracellular fluid (ECF)/bone in ratios of 1/2.0/ less than 0.001. Three of the children were also treated with doses A, B, and C of reduced and carbamidomethylated hGH (RCAM-hGH). Doses B and C caused 1.2-2.8 times as much retention of N, P, and K, and 0.3-0.5 times as much retention of Na and Cl, as did the corresponding doses of hGH. The plasmin digest of RCAM-hGH gave results generally similar to RCAM-hGH. For RCAM-hGH and its plasmin digest, N, P, K, Na, and Cl were retained in ratios of about 1/0.14/5.4/2.2/2.1, indicating increments of protoplasm/ECF/bone of about 1/0.8/0.05. These findings indicate that reduction and carbamidomethylation alter the anabolic actions of hGH in man in both quantitative and qualitative manner. RCAM-hGH is more potent in stimulating enlargement of protoplasm and bone, and less potent in stimulating expansion of ECF, than is the native hormone. The profile of anabolic actions of RCAM-hGH in man does not appear to be further altered by digestion with plasmin.
Meta-analyses IV
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers undertook a meta-analysis of the long term efficacy of approved anti-obesity drugs in reducing weight and improving health status.1 Only double blind randomised placebo controlled trials of drugs used in adults (age over 18 years) for one year or longer were included. The primary outcome was change in weight from baseline. A separate meta-analysis was performed for each drug identified. Fourteen trials of orlistat were found and results of the meta-analysis were presented in a forest plot (figure⇓). Orlistat was more effective than placebo in reducing weight; with a mean difference in weight loss of 2.87 kg (95% confidence interval 2.53 to 3.21) greater than placebo. Forest plot of the long term effect of orlistat compared with placebo on weight change. For each trial and the total overall effect, the mean difference in weight change was derived as orlistat minus placebo Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Gadolinium contrast may be risky in kidney disease
Authors: Peter C Thomson, Tara A Collidge, Patrick B Mark, Jamie P Traynor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Collins et al and the accompanying editorial conclude that contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a viable alternative to conventional contrast angiography for assessing patients with peripheral arterial disease before treatment.1 2 The authors found an adverse event rate of up to 10% associated with contrast …
Vancouver doctor is shot by antiabortionists
Authors: D Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The shooting of a Vancouver gynaecologist who performs abortions has caused shock and dismay among Canadian physicians, family planning associations, and the public. Dr Garson Romalis, who has practised in Vancouver for almost 30 years, was shot by an unknown assailant as he ate breakfast in his home on 8 November.

The bullets, thought to have come from an AK-47 assault rifle in the street, passed through a glass patio door. Dr Romalis was struck once in the upper left thigh; he lost a lot of blood and underwent eight hours of emergency surgery. He is now recovering.

The attack is being interpreted as an escalation of American-style harassment of those involved in providing abortion services. Vancouver police moved immediately to expand …
Psoriasis Treated with Phosphorus 'Perles' and Chrysophanic Acid
Authors: B. Souire
Journal: BMJ (1877)

In short, lemon-jtuice was known to be the therapeutic specific for scurvy long before anything was known of cinchona being a specific for ague, or sulphur that for scabies.This, however, must be received with the qualification that neither is a specific in the absolute sense, since there are cases of either of these diseases,-in which its so-called specific has been found inert.