tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Visualization of the Activated αvβ3 Integrin in Cancer Patients by Positron Emission Tomography and [18F]Galacto-RGD
Authors: Roland Haubner, Wolfgang A Weber, Ambros J Beer, Eugenija Vabuliene, Daniel Reim, Mario Sarbia, Karl-Friedrich Becker, Michael Goebel, Rüdiger Hein, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Horst Kessler, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background The integrin αvβ3 plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor cell metastasis, and is currently being evaluated as a target for new therapeutic approaches. Several techniques are being studied to enable noninvasive determination of αvβ3 expression. We developed [18F]Galacto-RGD, a 18F-labeled glycosylated αvβ3 antagonist, allowing monitoring of αvβ3 expression with positron emission tomography (PET). Methods and Findings Here we show by quantitative analysis of images resulting from a small-animal PET scanner that uptake of [18F]Galacto-RGD in the tumor correlates with αvβ3 expression subsequently determined by Western blot analyses. Moreover, using the A431 human squamous cell carcinoma model we demonstrate that this approach is sensitive enough to visualize αvβ3 expression resulting exclusively from the tumor vasculature. Most important, this study shows, that [18F]Galacto-RGD with PET enables noninvasive quantitative assessment of the αvβ3 expression pattern on tumor and endothelial cells in patients with malignant tumors. Conclusions Molecular imaging with [18F]Galacto-RGD and PET can provide important information for planning and monitoring anti-angiogenic therapies targeting the αvβ3 integrins and can reveal the involvement and role of this integrin in metastatic and angiogenic processes in various diseases.
Interrelationships of quantitative asthma-related phenotypes in the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy
Authors: Marie-Pierre Oryszczyn, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Jean Maccario, Valérie Siroux, Rachel Nadif, Anne Wright, Francine Kauffmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
PTH-160 Straight to test Colonoscopies for Suspected Colorectal Malignancy- 5 Year Followup of Patients with Normal Colonoscopies who were Discharged back to GP: Abstract PTH-160 Table 1
Authors: P Mundre, J Eaden, M Denyer, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Straight To Test (STT)services has been adopted by hospitals throughout the UK to improve the efficiency of pathways for early cancer diagnosis. Our previous results suggest that STT colonoscopies for suspected colorectal malignancy are feasible, safe and accurate<sup>1</sup>. There has been no studies however on the long term (5 years or greater) outcomes after a normal colonoscopy in these patients. It is unclear if it is safe to discharge them back to primary care. We aimed to look at the 5 year outcomes after a negative STT colonoscopy for patient s referred for suspected colorectal malignancy in 2007. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2008 we conducted a retrospective study of all straight to test colonoscopies (Jan 2007 to Dec 2007) in Seacroft Hospital, Leeds1. Of the 195 colonoscopies (150 for rectal bleeding and change in bowel habits and 45 for iron deficiency anaemia), 104 were either normal or had insignificant findings and were discharged back to GPs without hospital follow-up. We looked at hospital records of all these patients in Dec 2012 (5 years after their index procedure) for further hospital contact, investigations or other diagnosis. Data was collected from the hospitals electronic patient record (patient pathway management system or PPM which records all secondary care hospital episodes in West Yorkshire) and the results server. All secondary care contacts and investigations by these patients would have been captured by PPM and results server. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 104 included patients, we collected follow-up data on 96 (In 8 data could not be traced). 76 of these were never referred back to secondary care. 20 were referred back with various symptoms, 6 of whom had normal investigations, 9 had benign gastrointestinal disease and 5 developed cancers as detailed in table below. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Only 1 patient developed colorectal malignancy on follow-up, but presented more than 5 years after the index colonoscopy with weight loss and but had a normal CT abdomen in the interim. 4 other had other malignancies with weight loss as the presenting feature in 50%. Patients who undergo STT colonoscopies for suspected colorectal malignancy can be discharged back to the GP with confidence by the endoscopist without follow-up in secondary care, but patients need to be warned to seek urgent help if losing weight. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> THE LEEDS EXPERIENCE OF THE STRAIGHT TO TEST PATHWAY F. A. Butt*(1), P. Mundre (2), G. G. Robins (2), M. Chadwick (2), M. E. Denyer (2), (1)(2)Gastroenterology, St James’s Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
Don't forget increased risk of fetal growth restriction
Authors: F. P McCarthy, A. S Khashan, E. Quigley, F. Shanahan, L. Kenny
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The article on how easily coeliac disease is missed did not highlight the association between undiagnosed coeliac disease and an increased risk of fetal growth restriction.1 Fetal growth restriction is a major pregnancy complication responsible for a …
TREATMENT OF HAEMORRHOIDS BY THE GALVANO-CAUTERY
Authors: W. S. Whitcombe
Journal: BMJ (1928)

ainterior .chestwall, and they continued to increase in niumber.Injections of 12 c.cm. were now given at intervals of one week, anid in addition small inijectionis were made locally into the canicer nodules.Again the cancerous nioduiles begani to show what I regarded as a reactionary stage, the -nodules gradually becominlg red in colour, then pink, and, later -still, pale and glistening.A mar-ked diminiution in size was obvious, anid they ultimately disappeared altogetlher.The pain had gone from the chest, and she could breathe and swallow witlh comfort.I conitinued the injectionis monthly for four monlths.Then three small niodules reappeared in the scar.The period between eaclh injection was shortenied again, and the nodules began to go through the same reactioniar-y chaniges as before.In conisequence the intervals were lenigtlhen-ed, but apparently they were too long to keep the caiicerous nodules under control, as these increased in size and number.Againi weekly in-jections were given, anid it was necessarv to persevere in this treatment for a further six moniths before all the niodules disappeared for the third time.Wlhat appears to me to be tlhe' most, striking fact in tlle course of the trientnwent of this ease is that undoubtedly the caneerous cells cani be defillitely influenced anid con- trolleed for a considerable period by the injectionis of collosol lead.'As sooni as the injections were diminished, either in amouint or frequency, the'n did the caniecrous gr'owth regain
Increasing doses of naloxone hydrochloride by infusion to treat pain due to the thalamic syndrome
Authors: D A A Ray, Y M A Tai
Journal: BMJ (1988)

of small bowel showed several serosal granulomas containing fragments of refractile plastic, which were also identified as polypropylene.Granulomas containing identical polypropylene material were also present in the hepatic capsule.Starch granules, possibly derived from glove powder, were found in the granulomas at both sites.No granulomas were found in sections from other organs.
Sternoclavicular Pyarthrosis Demonstrated on Bone Scan Correlation with CT and MRI
Authors: DEAN J. SHANLEY, CHARLES J. VASSALLO, ARTHUR B. BUCKNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon site of infection, but it has been found in intravenous drug abusers and in patients recovering from surgery. Nontraumatic cases of pyarthrosis involving the sternoclavicular joint, with associated osteomyelitis, are thought to be the result of hematogenous seeding secondary to bacteremia. The clinical presentation of sternoclavicular pyarthrosis can mimic a neoplastic process, and differentiating these entities poses a diagnostic challenge. The authors present a case of sternoclavicular pyarthrosis and associated osteomyelitis following an acute episode of bacterial sinusitis in an otherwise healthy patient. This unusual presentation prompted a multi-imaging evaluation of the sternoclavicular joint to exclude an underlying neoplasm. The findings on bone scan, CT, and MRI suggested an infectious cause, later confirmed by fine needle aspiration. Bone scan, CT, and MRI examinations provided complimentary information in the evaluation of this musculoskeletal disorder, thereby helping to differentiate between an infectious and a neoplastic process.
Diabetes Education Research
Authors: Madelyn L. Wheeler, Judith Wylie-Rosett, James W. Pichert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In this issue, Norris, Engelgau, and Narayan (1) provide a systematic comprehensive examination of 72 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published since 1980 that tested various forms of self-management training (SMT) in type 2 diabetes. By their definition, SMT includes any instruction or counseling involving lifestyle behaviors (such as diet, physical activity, skill development, and coping), as well as the provision of knowledge/information. Their conclusion that “evidence supports the effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes, particularly in the short term,” is not as strong or prescriptive as diabetes educators, educational researchers, and policy makers would like it to be, given the seemingly large number of “gold standard” RCTs. Indeed, except for the clear call for further, more focused, and better research, strong evidence-based conclusions and recommendations about diabetes education remain elusive.

Virtually all diabetes care providers intuitively recognize that diabetes education/SMT is an essential component of diabetes treatment. Why aren’t more studies published that provide strong evidence-based guidelines for diabetes education?

One possible answer is that few studies have been conducted; however, this is not the case. Every year Diabetes Care receives a substantial number of descriptive as well as analytical educational research manuscripts. Unfortunately for the authors, many are rejected outright because of methodological issues, e.g., seriously flawed study design. Others are subject to major revisions for both fixable problems, such as inappropriate statistics or conclusions not reflecting results, and those not fixable after study completion, such as lack of appropriate comparison groups. Quality educational research is imperative as policy makers increasingly use evidence-based data to develop clinical care and reimbursement guidelines, as health professional education becomes increasingly evidence-based, and as voluntary health organizations such as the American Diabetes Association base position statements on evidence-based studies. For these …
N.H.S. Prescriptions for Contraceptives
Authors: P. Q. M. Spaight
Journal: BMJ (1964)

JORNAL 1 was found that the average number of E.C.T.s given in the course of a year follow- ing admission and the number of days in hospital in that year were both reduced in 1961.The figures are shown in the table.While other factors may have been oper- ating, I think that a major one in accounting for the change is that 22 of the 28 patients in 1961 were treated with imipramine.-Iam, etc.,
The Problem of Discrimination in Health Care Priority Setting
Authors: David C. Hadorn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Increasingly stringent fiscal restrictions on the scope of medical services available to patients have resulted in calls for explicit health care priority setting. Several commentators have called for the application of decision-analytic principles to such efforts, which would assign services priority based on the extent to which they produce preferred health outcomes. The Oregon Medicaid exercise is an example of such a process. An important challenge to these utilitarian efforts is the need to avoid discrimination against people with medical disabilities. Both of the key elements entailed by decision-analytic approaches to priority setting—estimation of outcomes and assignment of values to those outcomes—are vulnerable to charges of discrimination, primarily because both the medical outcomes expected in disabled individuals and the values they place on those outcomes may differ from the general public. Priority-setting efforts must proceed carefully to avoid the appearance (and reality) of discrimination. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1454-1459)
Treatment and Outcome Analysis of 205 Patients with Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Edward D. Chan, Valerie Laurel, Matthew J. Strand, Julanie F. Chan, Mai-Lan N. Huynh, Marian Goble, Michael D. Iseman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant at least to rifampin and isoniazid, entails extended treatment, expensive and toxic regimens, and higher rates of treatment failure and death. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes in 205 patients treated at our center for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with strains resistant to a median of six drugs, and compared the results with those of our previous series. Logistic regression and survival analysis were used to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes, respectively. Initial favorable response, defined as at least three consecutive negative sputum cultures over a period of at least 3 months, was 85% compared with 65% in the prior cohort. The current cohort had greater long-term success rates, 75% versus 56%, and lower tuberculosis death rates, 12% versus 22%, than the earlier one. Surgical resection and fluoroquinolone therapy were associated with improved microbiological and clinical outcomes in the 205 patients studied after adjusting for other variables. The improvement was statistically significant for surgery and among older patients for fluoroquinolone therapy.
Unusual Malfunction of Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy Feeding Tubes in Patients with Intestinal Dysmotility
Authors: M. Frenz, D. van Heel, G. Siuda, S. Travis
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We report the complication of knotted percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) feeding tubes in three patients with intestinal dysmotility. The management of PEJ tube dysfunction and strategies to prevent this complication are discussed.
On the Symptoms and Treatment of Incipient Phthisis
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1842)

When we consider that the mortality produced by pulmonary consumption is estimated as at least one.fifth of the entire popuilation of this country; when we again reflect on the frequently rapid progress of the disorder, producing either extensive tuberculous depo.sit, or softening and ulceration, and finally the forma.tion of cavities; and when awe also bear in mind, that at these stages of the affection the prospect of a cure is almost, if.not entirely hopeless, surely we cannot devote too much attention to a subject on -which hlu- inanity alone claims ouir most strenuous efforts.That cavities in the lungs do occasionally collapse, become contracted, and at length cicatrized, is, though of rare and spontaneous occurrence, and contrary to the opinion recently advanced by M. Fournet, an unquestionable event, and one over which medicine, save as a palliative measure, can exert no control; nevertheless, in the incipient stage of phthisis, by an early and judicious combination of hygienic with medical treatment, the practitioner may, in not a few instances, if not entirely remove, at least suspend, the disease, and "by correcting the constitutional malady," prevent the further deposition of tuberculous matter.It being the intention of the author to confine his observations within strictly practical limits, suffice it to remark, in reference to the pathology of the disease5 that he is disposed to coincide with the views of Dr. Carswell, in believing that tuberculous matter is an unorganisable product, eliminated from the blood, and deposited principally on the free surfaces of mucous and serous membranes and cellular tissue, claiming the first as its special habitat."There," says Dr. Carswell, "as inito the great emunctory of the sys- tem, it appears to be separated from the blood, and becomes visible to us under a variety of forms."Reasoning on the analogy that, under the influence of cer.tain remedies, scrofulous deposits in other parts of the body besides the lungs are occasionally absorbed, or at least rendered inactive and harmless, there appears no satisfactory reason to imagine that similar matter deposited in the lungs should not be equally capable of removal, or at least of being rendered innocuous.Prior to the consideration of the varied remedies usually had recourse to in the treatmenit of incipient phthisis, it vill probably be more expedient to reduce under separate heads the most common forms assumed by the disease, and at the same time cursorily glance at the physical diagnosis of each variety.Perhaps the most frequent character in wlhich the * Abstract of a paper read at the anniiversary meeting of the Eastern Branch of the Medical Associationi held at Ips- wich, June 17th, 142. earlier symptoms of tuberculous deposit become appa- rent, is that in which the disease assumes a chronic
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): ubiquity, persistence, and risks.
Authors: Vladimir Turusov, Valery Rakitsky, Lorenzo Tomatis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Due to uncontrolled use for several decades, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best known and most useful insecticide in the world, has damaged wildlife and might have negative effects on human health. This review gives a brief history of the use of DDT in various countries and presents the results of epidemiologic and experimental studies of carcinogenesis. Even though its use has been prohibited in most countries for ecologic considerations, mainly because of its negative impact on wildlife, it is still used in some developing countries for essential public health purposes, and it is still produced for export in at least three countries. Due to its stability and its capacity to accumulate in adipose tissue, it is found in human tissues, and there is now not a single living organism on the planet that does not contain DDT. The possible contribution of DDT to increasing the risks for cancers at various sites and its possible role as an endocrine disruptor deserve further investigation. Although there is convincing experimental evidence for the carcinogenicity of DDT and of its main metabolites DDE and DDD, epidemiologic studies have provided contrasting or inconclusive, although prevailingly negative, results. The presence and persistence of DDT and its metabolites worldwide are still problems of great relevance to public health. Efficient pesticides that do not have the negative properties of DDT, together with the development of alternative methods to fight malaria, should be sought with the goal of completely banning DDT.
P133 Lung clearance index is a reproducible and sensitive measure of airways disease in bronchiectasis
Authors: S. Rowan, J. Bradley, M. Ennis, A. Horsley, N. Bell, P. Gustafsson, J. S. Elborn
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lung clearance index (LCI) is a measure of ventilation in homogeneity derived from multiple breath washout (MBW). Although FEV<sub>1</sub> is commonly used to assess severity of airway disease and response to therapy, it is insensitive to small airways disease and is often within normal range in bronchiectasis (BE) not caused by Cystic Fibrosis (CF) until disease is well established. In CF, LCI is more sensitive than FEV<sub>1</sub> in detecting airways abnormalities and is currently used as an outcome measure in clinical trials. In BE, there is a need to find a sensitive outcome measure that is responsive to interventions, particularly in those with mild disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess within and between visit repeatability of LCI and determine the relationship between FEV<sub>1</sub> and LCI in stable BE. <h3>Methods</h3> Inclusion criteria: HRCT diagnosis of BE within the last 5 years; clinically stable (no infective symptoms for &gt;4 weeks); no genetic or clinical features of CF. Participants attended for two visits, 2 weeks apart. At each visit they performed MBW in triplicate, using 0.2% sulphur hexafluoride and a modified Innocor device. LCI was derived from the mean of at least 2 acceptable washouts. Spirometry was performed to ATS/ERS standards. <h3>Results</h3> 14 patients (8M/6F) attended for two visits. The mean (SD) age was 60.5 (15.4) yrs. Mean (SD) FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted was 87.1 (18.6), range (44–117). Mean (SD) LCI was 9.4 (2.0) on visit 1 and 9.4 (1.9) on visit 2 (normal &lt;7.5). The intra-visit coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.7 % (3 measures). Between visit repeatability of LCI was 0.54 (SD of variance between visits). LCI negatively correlated with FEV<sub>1</sub> (r=−0.69, p&lt;0.001). Sensitivity of LCI and FEV<sub>1</sub> for the diagnosis of bronchiectasis by CT was 71% and 29% respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first report of LCI in non-CF BE. LCI is a more sensitive test of lung function than FEV<sub>1</sub> and is abnormal in the majority of people with BE who have a normal FEV<sub>1</sub>. LCI has good intra-visit and between visit repeatability. Across a range of FEV<sub>1</sub> there is a strong relationship between LCI and FEV<sub>1</sub>.
Carbohydrate digestion and release of pancreatic polypeptide in health and diabetes mellitus.
Authors: P Layer, V L Go, E P DiMagno
Journal: Gut (1989)

The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of carbohydrates on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six patients who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. On one occasion each subject ingested a placebo with 200 ml water and a starch (50 g) pudding meal (400 ml) 30 minutes later. On another occasion an amylase inhibitor that retards intraluminal starch digestion was given with the water and starch. In normal subjects, water caused a moderate rise in HPP plasma levels (16.9 (10.9) pg/ml; p less than 0.02) and ingestion of starch increased HPP in a double peaked pattern. The mean increments of the peaks were 45.0 (15.2) pg/ml (p less than 0.02) and 41.1 (17.3) pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. In the diabetic subjects, the HPP concentrations did not increase in response to water. After ingestion of starch the diabetics had two peaks of HPP that were similar in magnitude, but the early postprandial peak was delayed significantly compared to normal subjects (37.5 (5.1) min v 23.4 (3.9) min; p less than 0.05). The amylase inhibitor (5 or 10 g) reduced the early postprandial HPP peak by 79% (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 4 g of the inhibitor reduced the early HPP peak by 58% (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics. In both groups ingestion of the amylase inhibitor abolished the late HPP peak (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, carbohydrate induced HPP release is dependent on undisturbed intraluminal starch digestion.