tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Medical Numismatics
Authors: C. R. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

NUMISMATICS is the study of money and medals. During the many centuries that coins, currency, and related items have been issued, they have been used to portray highly esteemed individuals and to picture items symbolic of important social values. Physicians, other health professionals, and health-related topics have been used for this purpose, reflecting the great respect for health and medicine. Collecting coins, currency, and medals related to medicine provides an enjoyable and rewarding hobby and a new vantage point on medical history. Kisch<sup>1</sup>has traced the history of medical numismatics as a topical collecting interest. Moehsen, a physician to King Frederick II of Prussia, was an early, prominent collector of medals portraying physicians. His collection consisted of more than 200 specimens. Rudolphi, a professor of anatomy and physiology at Berlin University, indexed more than 500 medals on the subject. Robert Ball, a Berlin coin dealer of the late 19th
EGG ALBUMIN AS CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: Jonas R. Kagan
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 19, p. 1285, appeared a communication by Dr. W. W. Goodrich reporting the use of egg albumin as a culture medium for the diphtheria bacillus. In this communication, Dr. Goodrich stated that none of the laboratory men to whom he mentioned the medium had ever heard of its use. This comment was followed by a note of the editor that egg albumin was recommended for growing the tubercle bacillus and the leprosy bacillus. I wish to add that egg albumin has been employed by the Russian Professor Aristovsky for the purpose of cultivating<i>Spirochaeta obermeieri</i>, the causative agent of relapsing fever. Aristovsky's technic is as follows: The egg is boiled in water in the usual way until it becomes hard. The albumin is separated from the yolk and cut with a knife into pieces, the volume of which is from 1 to 2
Anatomy of the Atrioventricular Conduction System in Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: JACK L. TITUS, GUY W. DAUGHERTY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

The major parts of the atrioventricular conduction system of the human heart were traced in 21 instances of ventricular septal defect: 19 were examples of variously located uncomplicated ventricular septal defects and two of the tetralogy of Fallot. In the presence of a ventricular septal defect, the conduction system was found to have a normal course, except when the ventricular septal defect lay in a position normally occupied by the conduction system. In each specimen with a defect posterior and inferior to the crista supraventricularis, the conduction system occupied a position posterior and inferior to the defect. In no instance did the conduction system occupy a position superior to a defect of this type. Defects located in the posterobasal portion of the muscular part of the ventricular septum sometimes were posterior to the main parts of the conduction system, so that the conduction tissue was related to the anterior edge of the defect. No example of a defect lying superior to the crista supraventricularis was studied. In our two examples of tetralogy of Fallot, the position of the conduction system was essentially similar to that occurring in the usual variety of ventricular septal defect, that is, posterior and inferior to the crista supraventricularis.
Doing What “Needs” to Be Done
Authors: Mark Linzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

I remember when I was a senior resident working in the city-hospital emergency room. Another resident was on the telephone with the chief admitting resident. The conversation concerned a man with a previously known chronic organic brain syndrome and a fever, who was being admitted to the hospital. Although I don't recall the complete history, one comment made by the resident in the emergency room has remained with me for the past five years: "This man has got to be 'tapped.'"I wondered then and still wonder now whether the patient did require a lumbar puncture. Does the elderly patient . . .
Spatiotemporal expression of angiogenesis growth factor receptors during the revascularization of regenerating rat liver
Authors: Mark A. Ross, Christina M. Sander, Talia B. Kleeb, Simon C. Watkins, Donna Beer Stolz
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Regenerating liver was evaluated for the spatiotemporal expression of angiogenic growth factor receptors on endothelial cell (EC) membranes during revascularization resulting from 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx). Fractions enriched in EC membranes were examined by Western blot for angiogenic growth factor receptor expression from 1 to 14 days after PHx. Increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR, angiopoietin receptors Tie-1, Tie-2, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGF-Rβ), modest increases in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), and no increase in hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met) or fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGF-R) were observed in isolated membranes during EC proliferation. All receptors were tyrosine phosphorylated, and therefore activated, during peak expression. Immunofluorescence staining of regenerating liver identified populations with increased receptor expression, indicating cells receptive to ligand signaling. EGF-R was upregulated evenly throughout the sinusoidal membrane, whereas c-Met was observed on hepatocyte canaliculae, bile duct epithelium, and large vessel EC. Tie-2 and PDGF-Rβ were increased on sinusoidal and large vessel EC, whereas Tie-1 was expressed in EC surrounding avascular hepatic islands. Flk-1/KDR was increased on large vessels with slight increases on sinusoidal EC, whereas Flt-1 was increased in arterioles, sinusoidal EC as well as in hepatocytes. Although Flt-1 was phosphorylated on isolated hepatocytes, vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF 165 ) did not induce a proliferative or motogenic response. Proliferation assays on isolated EC indicated responsiveness to VEGF 165 , but synergism among several growth factors including PDGF-BB was also observed. The data identify novel autocrine and paracrine interactions and indicate that each growth factor acts on a specific set of EC at specific times during revascularization of regenerating liver.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α protects against alcohol-induced liver damage
Authors: Tamie Nakajima, Yuji Kamijo, Naoki Tanaka, Eiko Sugiyama, Eiji Tanaka, Kendo Kiyosawa, Yoshimitsu Fukushima, Jeffrey M. Peters, Frank J. Gonzalez, Toshifumi Aoyama
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The mechanisms underlying alcoholic liver disease are not completely understood, but lipid accumulation seems to be central to the cause of this disease. The peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor α (PPARα) plays an important role in the control of lipid homeostasis, metabolism of bioactive molecules, and modulation of inflammatory responses. To investigate the roles of PPARα in alcoholic liver injury, wild-type and PPARα-null mice were continuously fed a diet containing 4% ethanol, and liver injury was analyzed. PPARα-null mice fed ethanol exhibited marked hepatomegaly, hepatic inflammation, cell toxicity, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial swelling. Some of these hepatic abnormalities were consistent with those of patients with alcoholic liver injury and were not found in wild-type mice. Next, the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced liver injury in PPARα-null mice were investigated, and changes related to ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatocyte proliferation, fibrosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition activation occurred specifically in PPARα-null mice as compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, these studies suggest a protective role for PPARα in alcoholic liver disease. Humans may be more susceptible to liver toxicity induced by ethanol as PPARα expression in human liver is considerably lower compared to that of rodents. (Hepatology 2004;40:972–980).
Transferable Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: G. C. Brander
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Obesity, a meta-inflammatory state defined by BMI≥30kg/m<sup>2</sup>, is reaching pandemic proportions. Generally, the impact of obesity on immune responses is poorly understood. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar to aging, obesity can affect immune responses and cause susceptibility to infection and pathology. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent herpes virus that can remain asymptomatic for years but causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of obesity on immune responses to CMV infection with a focus on toxicity. We reported that systemic immunotherapy results in elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese mice, leading to TNF-mediated pathological responses and death. We hypothesized that obesity will augment toxicity in mouse CMV (MCMV) infection as a consequence of heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine production. C57BL/6 and Balb/c were fed either a 60% fat (DIO) or 10% fat (Control) diet starting at 6-weeks old until 6-months old. DIO mice had significantly more subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue than control mice assessed by MRI. Although ob/ob mice were fed a regular diet, they were significantly fatter than WT mice. Mice (DIO vs control and ob/ob vs WT) infected with 1–5×10<sup>4</sup> p.f.u. MCMV were assessed for clinical symptoms, serum cytokines, and survival. We observed that 50% of both DIO and ob/ob mice succumbed starting 2 days post-infection, which was associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The augmented toxicity induced by MCMV in obese models demonstrates that adiposity is a critical factor in immune-mediated pathological responses to infections.
TCT-726 Patients With Aortic Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension Experience a Decrease in Pulmonary Artery Pressure Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Rebecca Torguson, Itsik Ben Dor, Fang Chen, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
“Unexplained” Somatic Symptoms, Functional Syndromes, and Somatization: Do We Need a Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Michael Sharpe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medically unexplained functional or somatization symptoms are somatic disorders that are not adequately explained by physical disease processes. The way in which these disorders have been understood and managed has varied over the history of medicine. However, only in the past 100 years has the "mental" explanation predominated. A benefit of this trend has been the development of effective treatments in the form of "antidepressant" drugs and cognitive–behavioral therapies; a cost has been limited integration of these treatments into medical practice and lack of acceptability to patients. We suggest that there is much to learn from physicians of the pre-Freudian era. Their etiologic theories are now supported by new scientific evidence, and their clinical practice provided ways of making psychological treatment acceptable to patients. We propose a paradigm shift in which unexplained symptoms are remedicalized around the notion of a functional disturbance of the nervous system and treatments currently considered "psychiatric" are integrated into general medical care.
Prophylactic Endoscopic Sclerosing Treatment of the Esophageal Wall in Varices - A Prospective Controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: K.J. Paquet
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

From January 1, 1978 to January 1, 1980 a controlled randomized trial comparing conservative treatment with prophylactic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices prior to hemorrhage was carried out. In all 71 patients liver cirrhosis was histologically confirmed. The two randomly assigned groups were comparable. Indications of endoscopic treatment were the existence of varices III-IV bearing erosions, varices II-IV without erosions but coagulation factors below 30%, or both. Six patients left the trial. In group Ia -- treatment by conservative means -- a high rate of variceal bleeding and death was observed. Comparing these results with those of group Ib treated by sclerotherapy, bleeding and death rates were found to be highly significantly lower. -- Thus the investigated criteria for predicting a recent variceal hemorrhage are confirmed. Prophylactic sclerotherapy in esophageal varices with erosions and/or poor coagulation reserve of the liver can largely prevent an esophageal hemorrhage from varices, and prolongs the life of these chronically ill patients.
Medical details crucial for residential care.
Authors: T M Davies
Journal: BMJ (1993)

to pay a lot of money for screening for prostatic cancer even though this results in overtreatment and evidence about a possible reduction in the mortality from prostatic cancer is lacking.Therefore the initiation of new studies and extension of current studies must be stopped.A paradoxical situation exists in Belgium.Despite the European guidelines on screening for breast cancer2 the initiation of a national screening programme for breast cancer is discouraged because of insufficient support by the national and regional health authorities.On the other hand, a lot of money is spent on so called pilot projects on screening for prostatic cancer.
National standard for entry into general practice.
Authors: N D Driver
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in 73 provinces.For instance, at the central sexually transmitted diseases centre at Bangrak Hospital, Bangkok, there were separate clinics for female and male sex workers, with adequate laboratory facilities for all the diagnostic modalities for HIV and sexually transmitted diseases.The number of people attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics fell from 1103813 in 1987 to 877 146 in 1991, and the number with venereal diseases (defined as syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum) fell from 410 400 to 182 024.The table shows the incidence of various diseases in 1987 and 1991.Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases per 1000
Abdominal Manifestations of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Daniel E. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The cardiopulmonary manifestations of acute pulmonary embolism are well known. However, abdominal manifestations of thromboembolic disease are less well appreciated. We recently encountered three patients with pulmonary emboli who also had complications of abdominal signs and symptoms. Two patients initially had abdominal complaints that obscured the diagnosis. In the other patient, symptoms and signs developed that were indistinguishable from an acute surgical condition of the abdomen after the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism was established. Abdominal manifestations alone may be the presenting features of pulmonary embolism or may complicate the clinical course.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Fracture Risk in Elderly Women
Authors: Julie A. Pasco, Mark A. Kotowicz, Margaret J. Henry, Geoffrey C. Nicholson, Heather J. Spilsbury, Jeffrey D. Box, Hans G. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3741: Identification of differentially expressed genes in breast tumors from African American compared with Caucasian women
Authors: Rachel E. Ellsworth, Lori A. Field, Brenda Deyarmin, Brad Love, Jeffrey Hooke, Craig Shriver
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Breast tumors from African American women (AAW) have less favorable pathological characteristics and higher mortality rates than Caucasian women. While socioeconomic status may influence prognosis, biological factors are also likely to contribute to tumor behavior. Methods: Patients treated within an equal-access military medical center were matched by age, grade and ER status. Tumors were subjected to laser microdissection and RNA hybridized to HG U133A 2.0 microarrays. Data was analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite using a cutoff of P&amp;lt;0.001, 1.5-fold change. Microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR. Results: Twenty-six pairs of matched tumor samples were identified. Clinico-pathological factors did not differ significantly for age at diagnosis, tumor size or stage, lymph node, hormone receptor, or HER2 status. Mortality was similar between the two groups. One putative and nineteen known genes were differentially expressed between populations with five genes expressed at higher and 15 genes at lower levels in tumors from AAW; hierarchical clustering classified 23/26 AAW and 26/26 CW correctly. Differential expression was validated (P&amp;lt;0.001) for PSPHL (higher in AAW) and LTF and PSD3 (lower in AAW). Conclusions: Despite matching of tumors by pathological characteristics and provision of medical care in an equal-access health care system, a molecular signature differentiating AAW from CW tumors was detected, supporting a model in which aggressive tumor phenotypes are driven by molecular differences within the tumors. These differentially expressed genes are involved in immune response, cell cycle and metastasis and thus may contribute to the poor outcome in AAW. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3741
Psychosocial Care Team for Patients With AIDS in a Municipal Hospital
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Our experience with patients with the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) indicates that they are ostracized by their friends and families, usually for fear of contracting the disease. Physical contact is often totally avoided; social contact is reduced to a minimum. Patients with AIDS are stigmatized, as lepers and epileptics were years ago. Some consider AIDS a punishment by divine retribution for sins of immorality including homosexuality and illicit drug abuse. Patients suffer from guilt, isolation, ostracism, and fear of the high mortality rate associated with the disease. An interdisciplinary team was established at the Queens Hospital Center, a 705-bed municipal hospital in the City of New York, to promote planning for the psychosocial evaluation, treatment, and in-hospital management of AIDS patients. The team is composed of ward staff, including a physician, nursing representatives and a social worker, as well as consultation staff, including a psychiatrist, psychiatric nurse,
Genetic determinants of plasma von Willebrand factor antigen levels: a target gene SNP and haplotype analysis of ARIC cohort
Authors: Marco Campos, Wei Sun, Fuli Yu, Maja Barbalic, Weihong Tang, Lloyd E. Chambless, Kenneth K. Wu, Christie Ballantyne, Aaron R. Folsom, Eric Boerwinkle, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Blood (2011)
Smooth muscle cell expression of type I cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is suppressed by continuous exposure to nitrovasodilators, theophylline, cyclic GMP, and cyclic AMP.
Authors: G A Soff, T L Cornwell, D L Cundiff, S Gately, T M Lincoln
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A key component of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in smooth muscle cells (SMC) is the type I GMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-G I). Activation of PK-G I mediates the reduction of cytoplasmic calcium concentrations and vasorelaxation. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that continuous exposure of SMC in culture to the nitrovasodilators S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) results in approximately 75% suppression of PK-G I mRNA by 48 h. PK-G I mRNA and protein were also suppressed by continuous exposure to cGMP analogues 8-bromo- and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) guanosine-3,5-monophosphate or the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP. These results suggest that activation of one or both of the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases mediates PK-G I mRNA suppression. Using isoform-specific cDNA probes, only the PK-G I alpha was detected in SMC, either at baseline or after suppression, while PK-G I beta was not detected, indicating that isoform switch was not contributing to the gene regulation. Using the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D, the PK-G I mRNA half-life in bovine SMC was observed to be 5 h. The half-life was not affected by the addition of SNAP to actinomycin D, indicating no effect on PK-G I mRNA stability. Nuclear runoff studies indicated a suppression of PK-G I gene transcription by SNAP. PK-G I suppression was also observed in vivo in rats given isosorbide dinitrate in the drinking water, with a dose-dependent suppression of PK-G I protein in the aorta. PK-G I antigen in whole rat lung extract was also suppressed by administration of isosorbide or theophylline in the drinking water. These data may contribute to our understanding of nitrovasodilator resistance, a phenomenon resulting from continuous exposure to nitroglycerin or other nitrovasodilators.
Reverse Redistribution of Tc-99m Tetrofosmin in a Patient With ???Takotsubo??? Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mitsuyoshi Hadase, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Satoshi Asada, Tadaaki Kamitani, Shingo Kawasaki, Hiroki Sugihara
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

An 82-year-old woman was referred to the authors' institution because of an electrocardiographic abnormality mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Left ventriculography showed apical wall hypokinesis and basal wall hyperkinesis. Coronary angiography revealed no organic stenosis. Three days earlier, she was told she had renal cancer. She was diagnosed as having "takotsubo" cardiomyopathy. She underwent early and delayed Tc-99m tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The early SPECT images revealed homogeneous tracer uptake in the left ventricle, but the delayed images revealed decreased uptake in the apical wall. Reverse redistribution of Tc-99m tetrofosmin was observed in this patient with "takotsubo" cardiomyopathy.