tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. A Key for the Identification of Organisms of the Class Schizomycetes.
Authors: D. H. Bergey
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety of new oral anticoagulants
Authors: M. S. Vaughan Sarrazin, A. Rose
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We need reliable tools to predict risk of gastrointestinal bleeding

Two linked papers (doi:10.1136/bmj.h1857, doi:10.1136/bmj.h1585) report additional evidence on the risks of gastrointestinal bleeding among patients taking the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban.1 2 From a database of more than 100 million US adults, Abraham and colleagues identified almost 220 000 new users of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin between November 2010 and September 2013.1 In their comparison of propensity score matched patients, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increased significantly with age for both new oral anticoagulants, relative to warfarin. By age 75, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with rivaroxaban exceeded that with warfarin, for patients with or without atrial fibrillation. Among patients taking dabigatran, the association between older age and higher risk was confined to those with atrial fibrillation, although the data included very few patients without atrial fibrillation taking this drug.

In a second study, Chang and colleagues found no significant differences in risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between the newer agents and warfarin in a propensity weighted analysis of 46 000 members of a commercial insurance plan who had new prescriptions for warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban between October 2010 and March 2012.2 …
Revised diagnostic criteria and classification for the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS): report from the 2009 NIH International Workshop
Authors: Joao B. Oliveira, Jack J. Bleesing, Umberto Dianzani, Thomas A. Fleisher, Elaine S. Jaffe, Michael J. Lenardo, Frederic Rieux-Laucat, Richard M. Siegel, Helen C. Su, David T. Teachey, V. Koneti Rao
Journal: Blood (2010)
SUBSEQUENT INJURY DURING INJURY RECOVERY IN ELITE ATHLETICS: COHORT STUDY IN SWEDISH MALE AND FEMALE ATHLETES
Authors: J Jacobsson, T Timpka, J Kowalski, J Ekberg, S Nilsson, Ö Dahlström, P Renström
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background In elite athletics, epidemiological studies covering cross-discipline populations of athletes have reported a heavy burden of injuries related to overuse. Many athletes continue to expose themselves to extensive training and competition loads while suffering from partial time loss injuries (forcing them to change their practice schedules). Objective To examine risk indicators associated with sustaining a secondary (subsequent) injury while recovering from a primary (index) injury. Design Prospective epidemiological study using web-based data collection. Setting Swedish elite youth (U17) and adult athletics athletes. Data were collected between March 2009 and March 2010. Participants 292 youth and adult athletes (91%) responded regularly to web-based questionnaires from an eligible study population of 321 athletes. Risk factor assessment Athlete's sex, age, event group and training load. Main outcome measures Secondary new injury during recovery from a primary (index) injury. Results A total of 122 (42 %) of the athletes reported more than one injury during the study period. Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analyses revealed risk differences with regard to event group (P=.006) and training load (P=.047) for athletes who sustained a secondary new injury during recovery from a first injury; athletes in the combined events group (hazard ratio (HR) 4.14; 95% CI 1.82–9.40) had almost a fourfold increased risk compared to jumpers and throwers and athletes in the third TLRI quartile (HR=2.02; 95% CI 1.29–3.63) a twofold risk for sustaining a secondary injury compared with their peers. Conclusions The risk for sustaining a new secondary injury while recovering from a primary injury is high among athletics athletes. Competing in combined events and a high score in the training load index (combining hours and intensity) are associated with particularly increased risk. Further studies measuring training content during the rehabilitation period and development of protocols for safe return to athletics are warranted.
New Information About Prostate-Specific Antigen and the Paradoxes of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Paul H. Lange
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The tumor marker prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has changed the way we think about and manage carcinoma of the prostate to a degree unprecedented in human oncology. Elevated serum concentrations can occur in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia but are more frequent and higher in those with cancer. Serum PSA measurements have become indispensable for monitoring disease, but their use for screening is controversial and highlights the paradoxes of this neoplasm. See also p 289. What confuses us about prostate cancer is that it usually grows slowly and is predominately a malady of aging. Among men older than 70 years who die of something else, 30% also have "autopsy" cancer of the prostate, usually with cancer volumes less than 0.2 cm<sup>3</sup>and low-grade cell types.<sup>1</sup>Yet prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer death. Clinical cancer of the prostate can only be cured if localized, and
Unique skin changes in a case of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy caused by a rare <i>GNAS1</i> mutation
Authors: M. Klaassens, E.W. Blom, J.J.P. Schrander, C. Ris-Stalpers, A.C. Nieuwenhuijzen Kruseman, M.A.M. Van Steensel, C.T.R.M. Schrander-Stumpel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is a syndrome of short stature, obesity, brachydactyly and subcutaneous calcifications with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP; leading to hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia and elevated levels of parathyroid hormone, PTH). It was first described over 60 years ago. Since then, much has been learned about the aetiology of AHO which has been shown to be caused by heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations within the GNAS1 gene. GNAS1 is subject to imprinting leading to phenotypic heterogeneity within kindreds with one mutation. Patients with AHO often present with symptoms of hypocalcaemia and/or with subcutaneous calcifications. The latter is thought to be the typical skin abnormality in AHO. We describe a family with AHO and hormone resistance (PHP type Ia) resulting from a rare mutation in GNAS1. The proband presented with small subcutaneous calcifications in the helix of the right ear and concentrated in a sharply demarcated zone of subcutaneous and dermal hypoplasia. This abnormality has so far not been described in patients with AHO. We speculate on the mechanism of dermal hypoplasia and resistance to PTH and suggest that subcutanous or dermal hypoplasia might be another feature which can be present in patients with AHO.
Transferase-Deficiency Galactosemia and the Duarte Variant-Reply
Authors: Frank K. Thorp
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  I appreciate the comments of Dr Ng and colleagues regarding the issue of diet therapy for a child who is a mixed heterozygote for transferase-deficiency galactosemia and the Duarte variant, and apologize for the incorrect and confusing statement in my abbreviated answer regarding the anticipated enzyme level. Beutler's studies' on the distribution of transferase enzyme activity in parents and children from families with the galactosemia gene (gt) and the Duarte gene (GtD) indicate the following, expressed as percent of normal (Gt+) enzyme activity: Gt+/Gt+= 100%; Gt+/gt = 50%; gt/gt = 0%; Gt+/GtD= 75%; GtD/GtD= 50%; and GtD/gt = 25%.1  The actual levels of transferase enzyme activity, measured in red blood cells or other tissues, in any given subject, may deviate somewhat from these mean values, and will therefore result in a range of metabolic and clinical manifestations in different individuals
Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A. B. Hawthorne, R. F. Logan, C. J. Hawkey, P. N. Foster, A. T. Axon, E. T. Swarbrick, B. B. Scott, J. E. Lennard-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether azathioprine can prevent relapse in ulcerative colitis. DESIGN--One year placebo controlled double blind trial of withdrawal or continuation of azathioprine. SETTING--Outpatient clinics of five hospitals. SUBJECTS--79 patients with ulcerative colitis who had been taking azathioprine for six months or more. Patients in full remission for two months or more (67), and patients with chronic low grade or corticosteroid dependent disease (12) were randomised separately. 33 patients in remission received azathioprine and 34 placebo; five patients with chronic stable disease received azathioprine and seven placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Rate of relapse. Relapse was defined as worsening of symptoms or sigmoidoscopic appearance. RESULTS--For the remission group the one year rate of relapse was 36% (12/33) for patients continuing azathioprine and 59% (20/34) for those taking placebo (hazard rate ratio 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.25 to 1.0). For the subgroup of 54 patients in long term remission (greater than six months before entry to trial) benefit was still evident, with a 31% (8/26) rate of relapse with azathioprine and 61% (17/28) with placebo (p less than 0.01). For the small group of patients with chronic stable colitis (six were corticosteroid dependent and six had low grade symptoms) no benefit was found from continued azathioprine therapy. Adverse events were minimal. CONCLUSIONS--Azathioprine maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis is beneficial for at least two years if patients have achieved remission while taking the drug. Demonstration of the relapse preventing properties of azathioprine has implications for a large number of patients with troublesome ulcerative colitis, who may benefit from treatment with azathioprine.
The Global Fund resumes grants to China
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has resumed disbursement of grants to China after delaying a $283m (£177m; €201m) grant in November 2010 because of inadequate involvement from civil society organisations working with vulnerable populations.

In May this year, the Global Fund halted all of its grants to China when investigations into the financial management of grants disbursed by the principal recipient, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), showed weaknesses in the management of grants to subrecipients.

The temporary freeze on funding was lifted after discussions between …
Vocalisation and the development of hand preference
Authors: Chris Code
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

What do the relationships observed in the occurrence of various limb, facial, and speech apraxias following left hemisphere damage mean for Corballis's theory? What does the right hemisphere's role in nonpropositional and automatic speech production tell us about the coevolution of right hand preference and speech; how could the possibility that the right hemisphere may be “dominant” for some aspects of speech be accommodated by his theory?
Case 45-1975
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, David Goltzman, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypertension.He was well until 17 years previously, when a left nephrolithotomy was performed. Ten years before admission he complained of headache and a "pounding" sensation in the chest. A physician found hypertension and prescribed hydralazine. Three years before entry a right nephrolithotomy was performed. After the operation there was a considerable rise of the blood pressure and pulse, accompanied by chest pain, and a questionable diagnosis of myocardial infarction was made. Three months before admission a physician found that the blood pressure was 290/140 mm Hg. . . .
Reforming the World Health Organization
Authors: Devi Sridhar
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breakage of B cell tolerance by antigens on follicular dendritic cells
Authors: M. E. El Shikh, R. M. El Sayed, M. Kmieciak, M. Manjili, A. Szakal, C. Pitzalis, J. Tew
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Autoimmune disorders frequently display autoreactive germinal centres (GCs) with immune complex (IC)-bearing follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) suggesting that FDCs are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The authors recently described induction of T cell-independent (TI) antibody (Ab) responses to T dependent (TD) antigens (Ags) by presenting the TD Ags on FDCs. Rather than presenting peptide fragments, FDCs multimerize monomeric Ags by trapping them in ICs via FDC-FcγRIIB and then present them polyvalently with a characteristic periodic spacing between epitopes of 200–500 Å. This allows extensive B cell receptor (BCR) cross-linking that induces TI B cell activation, GC formation, and Ag-specific Ig secretion in less than 48 h in the presence of FDC-derived co-stimulatory signals. These correlations prompted the hypothesis that multimerized self/neo-Ags on FDCs would break B cell tolerance; induce autoreactive GC formation, and auto-Ab responses. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> ICs of autologous tumour necrosis factor α or IgE, were injected into BALB/c mice. In addition, soluble hen egg lysozyme transgenic (sHEL-Tg) and rat <i>neu</i>-Tg FVBN202 mice were challenged with HEL or the subdomain II of the extracellular domain of rat <i>neu</i> (ECDII), respectively, in the form of ICs. These auto/neo Ags were selected because Abs reactive with these Ags are used clinically or, in the case of sHEL-Tg mice, the profound tolerance to sHEL has been well verified. <h3>Results</h3> Remarkably, in all cases, the ICs were trapped by FDCs; and autoreactive GCs, plasmablast differentiation and strong auto-Ab responses were induced within 48 h. In marked contrast, free Ag that would have unfettered access to BCRs did not load on FDCs and did not induce detectable auto-Abs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first report of deliberately inducing auto-Abs by self/neo-Ags on FDCs. The data provide a mechanism by which FDCs may contribute to autoimmunity, and suggest a novel approach for targeting mediators of chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity and cancer. Therapeutic induction of auto-Abs by FDC-ICs may provide self-regulated high affinity Abs efficient in long-term disease control.
The Life Course of Children with Schizophrenia
Authors: LAURETTA BENDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The background, hereditary data, history of organic stress, intellectual development, types of treatment received, and outcome are described for 100 children diagnosed as schizophrenics at Bellevue Hospital from 1935 to 1952. The author discusses the effects of various factors on the course of schizophrenia. About one-third of these 100 subjects, now 25 to 50 years of age, made a satisfactory adjustment to life in the community.
The effect of alkaline phosphatase coated onto titanium alloys on bone responses in rats
Authors: C. Schouten, Jeroen J.J.P. van den Beucken, Lise T. de Jonge, Ewald M. Bronkhorst, Gert J. Meijer, Paul H.M. Spauwen, John A. Jansen
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Whipple’s syndrome (uveitis, B27-negative spondylarthropathy, meningitis, and lymphadenopathy) associated with Arthrobacter sp. infection
Authors: Bahram Bodaghi, Catherine Dauga, Nathalie Cassoux, Bertrand Wechsler, Hélène Merle-Beral, Jean-Dominique Poveda, Jean-Charles Piette, Phuc LeHoang
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)
Efficacious Treatments of PMS: A Need for Further Research
Authors: Howard J. Osofsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Many women of childbearing age have some premenstrual symptoms. In various reports, between 3% and 15% have severe symptoms. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have been described in poignant detail by patients, their families, and physicians for thousands of years. However, empirical data about this elusive and somewhat confusing syndrome have been obtained primarily during this century, and especially during recent years. Frank<sup>1</sup>and Horney<sup>2</sup>separately in 1931 described versions of PMS, explored possible etiological bases for the symptoms, and suggested approaches to treatment. Since that time, interest and research related to the syndrome have waxed and waned. Perhaps in part related to difficulties in obtaining direct hormonal assays, the myriad symptoms associated with PMS, and methodological difficulties and flaws in design, considerable disagreement has persisted concerning whether there is a well-defined syndrome, whether it should be defined as an emotional or physical disorder, what the etiological
Retraining Inactive Physicians
Authors: Gerald H. Escovitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In 1969 the Medical College of Pennsylvania began a program to retrain clinically inactive physicians. Originally designed for women physicians who had discontinued their clinical training or practice in response to family responsibilities, the program has expanded its goals to encompass physicians in nonclinical careers who wish to reenter clinical practice. An eight week program, which provides didactic and clinical experience, has been designed as a first step or catalyst for these physicians. Since the program began, 102 physicians have matriculated to the program, and of these physicians, 78 have returned to clinical activity. Criteria have been developed in selecting those physicians most likely to return to clinical activity. There is a potential continued need for programs whose unique attributes and liabilities of retraining are a form of continuing medical education.
Polyarteritis nodosa associated with precore mutant hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: M MIGUELEZ, J BUENO, P LAYNEZ
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Currently there is a trend to support the use of antiviral therapy as the first line treatment of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) associated to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.1 2 A combination of a short course of corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and interferon α (INFα) has been proposed. However, we have doubts about this approach in all cases and circumstances of PAN related to HBV infection. One of these circumstances would be precore mutant HBV infection.

A 37 year old man was diagnosed with PAN. The initial clinical manifestations were mononeuritis multiplex, orchitis, mild renal failure (creatinine: 168 μmol/l, proteinuria of 0.6 g/dl), abdominal pain, and prolonged fever. Leucocytosis (30 000 WBC, 80% neutrophils), serum asparate aminotransferase: 94 U/L, serum alanine aminotransferase: 244U/l, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (90 …
Illicit Drug Use Creates Opportunities for Microbes
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

MichiganStateUniversityinEastLansing, said the 3-hour time frame makes clinicians work faster for patients presenting near the end of the window, while putting patients presenting quickly after strokeonsetonthebackburner.“Thedata are pretty compelling that the later you come in, the quicker you are treated, becauseeveryone is focusedonthis3-hour yes/no window,” Reeves said. “There shouldnotbeanydifference inthespeed, but it is human nature, and the hospital processeswill takemoretimeifmoretime is available.” To minimize the human nature components and to maximize stroke care, systems and protocols need to be put in place that prevent such behaviors, said Eric E. Smith, MD, MPH, another coauthor and an assistant professor of neurology at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. To help accomplish this, the heart and stroke association have launched Target: Stroke, a program aimed at reducing door-to-needle times to under 60 minutes. Target: Stroke identifies key time targets, such as performing the initial patient evaluation within 10 minutes of arrival in the emergency department, notifying the stroke team within 15 minutes of arrival, and initiating computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans to rule out hemorrhagic stroke within 25 minutes of arrival. Smith added that the low percentages ofpatientsbeing treatedwith tPAwithin 60 minutes of presentation also reflects a lackofconsensusamongnationalquality improvement organizations that this time frame represents quality care. “As a community,wehavenot focusedonthis as a target for quality improvement, and there are a lot of reasons for that,” Smith said. “It is achievable, but we need to increase our focus on systems and integration of care.”
Comment on: Monami et al. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Bone Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2474–2476
Authors: Sho-ichi Yamagishi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

I recently read an interesting article in Diabetes Care (1) that showed that treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors could be associated with a reduced risk of bone fractures in type 2 diabetic patients. As the authors pointed out, since experimental data in animal models suggested that incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric intestinal polypeptide (GIP) stimulated bone formation and increased bone density (2), it is conceivable that DPP-4 inhibitors could exert beneficial effects on the bone by increasing the levels of incretins. However, bone density is increased rather than decreased in type 2 diabetes (3). So, bone quality may be more important than bone density …