tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newborn-Care Training and Perinatal Mortality in Developing Countries
Authors: Waldemar A. Carlo, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Imtiaz Jehan, Elwyn Chomba, Antoinette Tshefu, Ana Garces, Sailajanandan Parida, Fernando Althabe, Elizabeth M. McClure, Richard J. Derman, Robert L. Goldenberg, Carl Bose, Nancy F. Krebs, Pinaki Panigrahi, Pierre Buekens, Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Tyler D. Hartwell, Linda L. Wright, J. M. Belizan, J. Ditekemena, A. Tshefu, A. Mohapatra, B. S. Kodkany, S. R. Jafri, O. Pasha, M. Mbelenga, M. Hambidge, M. Douoguih, A. Willoughby, H. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Of the 3.7 million neonatal deaths and 3.3 million stillbirths each year, 98% occur in developing countries. An evaluation of community-based interventions designed to reduce the number of these deaths is needed.With the use of a train-the-trainer model, local instructors trained birth attendants from rural communities in six countries (Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Pakistan, and Zambia) in the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care course (which focuses on routine neonatal care, resuscitation, thermoregulation, breast-feeding, "kangaroo" [skin-to-skin] care, care of the small baby, and common illnesses) and (except in Argentina) in a modified version of the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program (which teaches basic resuscitation in depth). The Essential Newborn Care intervention was assessed among 57,643 infants with the use of a before-and-after design. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program intervention was assessed as a cluster-randomized, controlled trial involving 62,366 infants. The primary outcome was neonatal death in the first 7 days after birth.The 7-day follow-up rate was 99.2%. After birth attendants were trained in the Essential Newborn Care course, there was no significant reduction from baseline in the rate of neonatal death from all causes in the 7 days after birth (relative risk with training, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.22) or in the rate of perinatal death; there was a significant reduction in the rate of stillbirth (relative risk with training, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.88; P=0.003). In clusters of births in which attendants had been randomly assigned to receive training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program, as compared with control clusters, there was no reduction in the rates of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth, stillbirth, or perinatal death.The rate of neonatal death in the 7 days after birth did not decrease after the introduction of Essential Newborn Care training of community-based birth attendants, although the rate of stillbirths was reduced. Subsequent training in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program did not significantly reduce the mortality rates. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00136708.)
Intraperitoneal Distribution Imaging Prior to Chromic Phosphate (P-32) Therapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: MARK TULCHINSKY, DOUGLAS F. EGGLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

This study addressed the technique of intraperitoneal distribution imaging (IDI). A literature search (MEDLINE database) revealed wide variations in IDI techniques without a basis for comparison. From April 1990 to September 1992, the authors studied 8 patients (age 43-65 years) with ovarian cancer. A total of 1000 ml of normal saline and 1 mCi of Tc-99m SC was infused intraperitoneally for IDI. In one patient loculation was observed, but only 250 ml of normal saline was infused with Tc-99m SC. A repeat study using our standard technique rendered free intraperitoneal distribution in this patient, as well as in the other seven cases. Some investigators recommend low volumes, but in our experience this produced the finding of pseudoloculation, which could change treatment inappropriately. Although the number of patients studied at our institution was small, administration of 1 liter intraperitoneally provided consistent IDI results.
GLP-1 analogues: a new therapeutic approach to prevent ductopenia in cholangiopathies?
Authors: U. Beuers, B. Goke
Journal: Gut (2009)

Incretins have attracted the attention of the medical community for a century.1 They are secreted from the gastrointestinal tract into the splanchnic circulation in response to nutrient ingestion and enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.2 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are the two incretins identified in animals and man. They are thought to be responsible for about 50–70% of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after a meal.2 GLP-1 has attracted particular attention since its identification 20 years ago because of its potent insulinotropic activity, inhibition of glucagon secretion, retardation of gastric emptying and also an anorectic effect. GLP-1 is a post-translational proteolytic product of the proglucagon gene and is formed by enteroendocrine L cells mainly residing in the distal ileum and colon. The effects of GLP-1 on α, β and δ cells of pancreas islets and on other target organs including the lung, heart, kidney, intestine and various regions of the central nervous system are mediated via a specific 7-transmembrane-spanning, G-protein-coupled GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R).2 In pancreatic β cells, GLP-1 stimulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion via receptor-mediated activation of classic cAMP- and (Ca2+)i-dependent signalling pathways. It also enhances β cell proliferation via protein kinase A (PKA)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signalling, and inhibits β cell apoptosis via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)- and protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt-dependent pathways.2

The active peptide, a GLP-1(7–36) amide, is rapidly …
Vascular changes in human skin after ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: C.A. RAMSAY, A.V.J. CHALLONER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Blood-flow changes in human skin after ultraviolet irradiation at 250 and 300 nm have been measured by three separate methods. Those methods which measure overall blood-flow changes in the skin showed increased flow after irradiation at both wavelengths. A method which measured flow only in the superficial vessels showed a slight increase in flow after low doses of both wavelengths, but in contrast, after higher doses, this method showed a marked reduction in flow through the upper dermal vessels. This reduction in flow is probably due to stasis in these superficial vessels, perhaps secondary to vascular damage. Contrary to previous reports, blood-flow changes after irradiatsion at 250 and 300 nm are similar and may be mediated by identical mechanisms.
A potentially testable mechanism to account for altruistic behavior
Authors: Thomas R. Zentall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

It is assumed that self-control always has a higher value. What if it does not? Furthermore, although there are clearly intrinsic reinforcers, their measurement is problematic, especially for a behavioral analyst. Finally, is it more parsimonious to postulate that these behaviors are acquired rather than genetically based?
Right-Sided Staphylococcal Endocarditis
Authors: Mark Monane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1989Right-Sided Staphylococcal EndocarditisMark Monane, MD, Gary S. Gabelman, MD, Ellen Cohen, MD, Jill P. Karpel, MDMark Monane, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Gary S. Gabelman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Ellen Cohen, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jill P. Karpel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-9-749_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Chambers and colleagues (1) reported cure rates of 94% and 33% in episodes of right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis treated with 2 weeks of nafcillin-tobramycin, and vancomycin-tobramycin, respectively. The enrollment group included 17 patients with endocarditis who were dropped from study analysis when exclusionary criteria developed during treatment. We question the reported cure rates and the pragmatic approach to dropout analysis (2) adopted by Chambers and colleagues.In order to include these dropouts in the study analysis, one should assume the broadest range of circumstances. In this formulation, all 17 episodes would be cured or not cured. Using...References1. ChambersMillerNewman HRM. Right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers: two-week combination therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:619-24. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Feinstein A. An additional basic science for clinical medicine. II. The limitations of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:544-50. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SackettHaynesTugwell DRP. Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine. Boston: Little Brown and Company; 1985:171-97. Google Scholar1. ChambersMillerNewman HRM. Right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers: two-week combination therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:619-24. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Feinstein A. An additional basic science for clinical medicine. II. The limitations of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:544-50. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark Monane, MD; Gary S. Gabelman, MD; Ellen Cohen, MD; Jill P. Karpel, MDAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1989Volume 110, Issue 9Page: 749-750KeywordsEndocarditisStaphylococcus aureus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hepatic Injury in the Toxic Oil Syndrome
Authors: F. Diaz De Rojas, Castro M. Garcia, Abaitua I. Borda, Posada M. De La Paz, Tabuenca J.M. Oliver, J. A. Solis-Herruzo, G. Castellano, F. Colina, J. D. Morillas, M. T. Muñoz-Yagüe, J. V. Vidal
Journal: Hepatology (1985)
Clinical Appraisal of Pulmonary Cytology
Authors: Seymour M. Farber
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The cytologic examination of sputum and bronchial secretions has become a reliable method for detecting early lung cancer. A number of benign chest conditions also can be recognized through specific morphologic observations. The need for examining 5 sputum samples to achieve optimum sensitivity has discouraged clinical interest in pulmonary cytology. A new method has been developed whereby a single concentrated sample has yielded an accuracy equivalent to 4 samples smeared by earlier methods. The new method employs trypsin as a mucolytic agent. The concentrated sediment obtained after tryptic digestion can be used in concomitant bacteriological and mycological examination. It is believed that the increased convenience and accuracy of this method will encourage the use of cytologic methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the chest.
Logan Turner's Diseases of the Nose, Throat, and Ear
Authors: Fred Harbert
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is directed toward medical students, house officers, and general practitioners. Beginning residents in otolaryngology and paramedical technical personnel may find it a useful synopsis of nearly all ear, nose, and throat entities. The free use of effective line drawings enhances a clear but sometimes skimpy text. Under some headings, little more than an expanded definition is found. Advocates of a core curriculum might prefer more in-depth coverage of fewer topics. There are many excellent, succinct descriptions and recommendations, such as those in the sections "Tumors of the Oral Cavity," "Tracheostomy Versus Intubation," and "Management of a Mass in the Neck." The descriptions of major operations and technical procedures are to acquaint, not to guide. In controversial areas, choices are listed with the author's recommendations. Occasionally, only the author's preference is given or only one of several alternatives is described. While most descriptions and techniques are current, some traumatic
The kinase inhibitor dasatinib induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro with preference for a subgroup of patients with unmutated IgVH genes
Authors: Aditya Veldurthy, Michaela Patz, Susanne Hagist, Christian P. Pallasch, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Michael Hallek, Günter Krause
Journal: Blood (2008)

Abstract Src family kinases (SFKs) were described to be overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We wished to examine the effects of the Src and Abl kinase inhibitor dasatinib on the intracellular signaling and survival of CLL cells. Dasa-tinib showed a dose- and time-dependent reduction of global tyrosine phosphorylation and of activating phosphotyrosine levels of SFKs. Treatment with 100 nM dasatinib led to decreased levels of the activated, phosphorylated forms of Akt, Erk1/2, and p38, and induced PARP cleavage through caspase activity. In Mec1 and JVM-3 cell lines, dasatinib increased p53 protein levels and inhibited proliferation. In freshly isolated CLL cells, dasatinib reduced the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Combination of 5 μM dasatinib and fludarabine increased the apoptosis induction of each by approximately 50%. In 15 primary CLL samples, cells with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain (IgVH) genes were more sensitive to dasatinib than those with mutated IgVH genes (P = .002). In summary, dasatinib shows potent inhibitory effects on the survival of CLL cells in vitro, most prominently in samples obtained from patients with unfavorable prognostic features.
THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOPERICARDIUM IN PERICARDITIS WITH EFFUSION
Authors: RUSSELL H. OPPENHEIMER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The institution of therapeutic artificial pneumopericardium in the treatment of pericarditis with effusion has received scant attention. Emile-Weil and Loiseleur,<sup>1</sup>in 1916, reported a case of tuberculous pericarditis with effusion which they treated by aspiration of the fluid and the injection of air. In all, six aspirations were made, the last five of which were followed by air injections. They noted a marked strengthening of the general condition of the patient—a child of 14— and what they thought were improvements in the pericardial condition; namely, a reduction in the amount and rapidity of exudate formation and a change in its character from a serosanguineous liquid to one of clear straw colored appearance. They were able, also, by the use of air injections, together with the fluoroscope, to find pocketed or encysted fluid within the pericardial sac which had not emptied on aspiration, and to drain these. In 1917, Meyer
Flow cytometric evidence for minimal residual disease and cytological heterogeneities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with severe hypodiploidy
Authors: Masahito Tsurusawa, Yasuhiko Kaneko, Naoyuki Katano, Makoto Niwa, Mari Ito, Takeo Fujimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Two subpopulations of small and large leukemia cells and binucleated cells were present in the bone marrow of a 10‐year‐old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cytogenetic studies showed some cells with a karyotype of 34, X, ‐X, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, ‐7, ‐9, ‐13, ‐15, ‐16, ‐17, ‐20, and others with a karyotype that was exactly double the chromosome set in the cells with 34 chromosomes. Flow cytometric (FCM) examination of surface common ALL antigen (CALLA) and DNA content of the lymphoblasts led to the identification of the primary hypodiploid DNA stemline (DI = 0.72), which corresponds to the small‐sized blasts, and the secondary hyperdiploid DNA stemline (Dl = 1.44), which corresponds to the large‐sized blasts. Sequential bone marrow examinations with FCM and cytogenetics revealed the persistence of the primary hypodiploid clone during remission and their proliferation with chromosomal evolution at full relapse. These results suggest that more rational inductive therapy should be designed to achieve the favorable outcome of ALL with severe hypodiploidy and that FCM is a useful tool to monitor the minimal residual disease of this subgroup in ALL.
Experts recommend that US insurers should cover immunisations
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The US Congress should require all public and private health insurance plans to cover immunisations recommended by the government, says a report from an expert panel of the National Academy of Sciences.

The study was carried out in response to recent shortages of some vaccines and a reduction in the number of manufacturers of vaccines.

“Immunisation is too important to the nation for anyone to be left uncovered,” said the panel's chairman, Professor Frank Sloan, of Duke University, North Carolina.

The panel's mandate would provide coverage for all insured …
A Case of Type 1 Diabetes Followed by Methimazole-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Authors: N. Ozaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Viruses have generally been considered to be a major environmental factor in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is characterized by a severe drug eruption and multiorgan involvement, and reactivation of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may contribute to its pathology (1). This is the first reported case of type 1 diabetes followed by DIHS.

Recently, we have reported a case of DIHS induced by methimazole for Graves’ disease (2). This patient developed type 1 diabetes during treatment of DIHS. Briefly, a 50-year-old Japanese male subject …
A Planned System of Patient Education
Authors: Penn G. Skillern
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A planned system of patient education is now used in more than 70 group clinics, hospitals, and other health care institutions. Essential features of this system are (1) a patient education center, (2) a patient educator, and (3) patient education programs. Structured programs are especially useful in the management of chronically ill patients. Patients have responded enthusiastically to this planned system. The response of physicians has ranged from enthusiastic to resistant. (<i>JAMA</i>238:878-879, 1977)
Stent thrombosis
Authors: Hans Van Brabandt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

stent thrombosisAntiplatelets alone won't do the job Gershlick and Richardson say that premature discontinuation of clopidogrel is the greatest risk factor for thrombosis of drug eluting stents. 1 In Iakovou's series thrombosis occurred in five of 17 patients (29%) who prematurely discontinued dual antiplatelet therapy. 2 One of them discontinued only clopidogrel, and the others stopped both antiplatelets (aspirin and clopidogrel or ticlopidine).We do not know whether continuation of aspirin alone would have been adequate to prevent thrombosis associated with drug eluting stents.In only a minority of patients (five out of 29; 17%) did discontinuation of antiplatelets seem to have a role in the occurrence of stent thrombosis.The tragedy of drug eluting stents is not the risk of late stent thrombosis but the fact that these devices have only a limited effect on patients' wellbeing.In several randomised trials they did not lead to a lower mortality and did not affect the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. 3Recently presented meta-analyses and data from registries show that they might increase the occurrence of acute infarctions and even late mortality. 4 5
Enhanced myocardial relaxation in vivo in transgenic mice overexpressing the beta2-adrenergic receptor is associated with reduced phospholamban protein.
Authors: H A Rockman, R A Hamilton, L R Jones, C A Milano, L Mao, R J Lefkowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To assess the effect of targeted myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation on relaxation and phospholamban regulation, we studied the physiological and biochemical alterations associated with overexpression of the human beta2-AR gene in transgenic mice. These mice have an approximately 200-fold increase in beta-AR density and a 2-fold increase in basal adenylyl cyclase activity relative to negative littermate controls. Mice were catheterized with a high fidelity micromanometer and hemodynamic recordings were obtained in vivo. Overexpression of the beta2-AR altered parameters of relaxation. At baseline, LV dP/dt(min) and the time constant of LV pressure isovolumic decay (Tau) in the transgenic mice were significantly shorter compared with controls, indicating markedly enhanced myocardial relaxation. Isoproterenol stimulation resulted in shortening of relaxation velocity in control mice but not in the transgenic mice, indicating maximal relaxation in these animals. Immunoblotting analysis revealed a selective decrease in the amount of phospholamban protein, without a significant change in the content for either sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase or calsequestrin, in the transgenic hearts compared with controls. This study indicates that myocardial relaxation is both markedly enhanced and maximal in these mice and that conditions associated with chronic beta-AR stimulation can result in a selective reduction of phospholamban protein.
Abstract 3144: <i>Tgfbr1</i> haploinsufficiency inhibits the development of murine mutant <i>Kras</i>-induced pancreatic precancer
Authors: Kevin Adrian, Matthew Strouch, Qinghua Zeng, Morgan Barron, Eric Cheon, Akilesh Honasage, Yanfei Xu, Sharbani Phukan, Maureen Sadim, David Bentrem, Boris Pasche, Paul Grippo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Abstract Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) signaling can play dual roles in pancreatic tumor development. In human pancreatic cancer, loss of DPC4/smad4 has been observed in more than half of all pancreatic cancers. In vivo loss of either Smad4 or Tgfbr2 promotes pancreatic adenocarcinoma in mice expressing mutant Kras. Conversely, pharmacologically-induced reduction in Tgfbr1 kinase activity attenuates growth and metastasis of Panc1 cells orthotopically injected into mouse pancreas. To dissect the role of constitutively altered Tgfbr1 signaling in pancreatic cancer development, we crossed Elastase-KrasG12D (EL-Kras) mice with Tgfbr1 haploinsufficient mice to generate EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice. Mice were euthanized at 6-9 months to compare the incidence, frequency, and size of precancerous lesions in the pancreas. Only 50% of all EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice developed preinvasive lesions compared to 100% of EL-Kras (wild type Tgfbr1) mice. The frequency of precancerous lesions was 4-fold lower in haploinsufficient than in control mice. The mitotic index of precancerous cells and the observable levels of fibrosis, lipoatrophy, and lymphocytic infiltration were reduced in EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice. Tgfbr1 haploinsufficiency was demonstrated by decreased levels of psmad2, psmad3, and nuclear localization of psmad4 and was culminated by a reduction in the Tgfbr1: Tgfbr2 ratio in whole mouse pancreas, which was predominantly caused by increased Tgfbr2. Paradoxically, the precancerous lesions of EL-Kras/Tgfbr1+/− mice were considerably larger than those in EL-Kras mice, which was due, in part, to a reduced level of apoptosis. We conclude that Tgfbr1 signaling promotes the development of precancerous lesions in mice. These findings correlate with TGF-β signals that increase ECM deposition and augment immune responses and strongly suggest that Tgfbr1 haploinsufficiency may have a protective role with respect to early pancreatic cancer development. It is also possible that individuals with constitutively decreased TGFBR1 expression may have a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3144.