tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The BMP Homolog Gbb Provides a Retrograde Signal that Regulates Synaptic Growth at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Brian D McCabe, Guillermo Marqués, A.Pejmun Haghighi, Richard D Fetter, M.Lisa Crotty, Theodore E Haerry, Corey S Goodman, Michael B O'Connor
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Reporting Results From Chemotherapy Trials
Authors: George A. Omura
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to the report by Oye and Shapiro,<sup>1</sup>it is apparent that survival comparisons between responders and nonresponders in cancer clinical trials are misleading. Anderson et al<sup>2</sup>have made similar observations. However, I think further discussion is needed of that subset of patients who achieve a "complete" response, that is, currently available techniques fail to demonstrate persistent cancer. In virtually every tumor type in which complete response can be achieved in some fraction of treated patients, there is a dramatic improvement in survival for that fraction compared with partial responders or those with "stable" disease; moreover, cured patients are found within the subset of complete responders, but not elsewhere. Clinical trials should focus initially on maximizing the complete response rate rather than searching for a survival advantage for partial responses. The latter simply provide clues that may lead to regimens with better complete response
In Dublin's Fair City — Undetected Crime — Do as You Would Be Done by — Never Too Old
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

MEDICINE in Dublin has always been associated with the name of Trinity College, where the Chair of Physic was established in 1662, when Dr. John Stearne was "constituted and elected public Professor of Medicine in the University of Dublin for and during his natural life."To celebrate the tercentenary of this event a meeting was held in the College at the end of last year, when eminent speakers from both Europe and America spoke on the history and future of medical education. An exhibition was also held in the Long Room of the famous Trinity College library illustrating the outstanding . . .
The Debate over Thyroid-Function Screening in Pregnancy
Authors: Gregory A. Brent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes, most importantly miscarriage, preterm delivery, and reduced cognitive function in offspring.1 In surveys, almost half the obstetricians in private practices in Maine2 and the majority of obstetricians in a Boston academic center3 reported ordering thyroid-function tests for screening in pregnancy. Most guidelines recommend the testing of thyroid function only in women at increased risk, known as case finding, rather than universal screening.4,5 The case-finding approach overlooks a large number of women with abnormal thyroid-function tests1,6; however, in a randomized trial, universal thyroid-function screening and . . .
Pharmacy Benefit Plans and Prescription Drug Spending
Authors: Donald M. Steinwachs
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypercholesterolemia on Endothelin Type B Receptor–Mediated Nitric Oxide Release From Rat Kidney
Authors: Masao Kakoki, Yasunobu Hirata, Hiroshi Hayakawa, Akihiro Tojo, Daisuke Nagata, Etsu Suzuki, Kenjiro Kimura, Atsuo Goto, Kazuya Kikuchi, Tetsuo Nagano, Masao Omata
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Although endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, stimulation of endothelin type B receptor (ETBR) causes bidirectional changes in vascular tone, ie, vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Roles of ETBR in pathological conditions are largely unknown. Methods and Results —We studied the effect of BQ-3020, a highly selective ETBR agonist, on renal vascular resistance and nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated, perfused kidney of rats with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Immunohistochemistry of endothelial NO synthase and ETBR was also examined. Infusion of BQ-3020 at concentrations of ≤10 −10 mol/L reduced renal perfusion pressure in Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats but increased renal perfusion pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats (10 −10 mol/L: −10.3±0.6% versus 11.2±1.5%, R versus S; P &lt;0.01). BQ-3020 caused a dose-dependent release of NO in both R and S rats, although the level of NO release in S rats was lower, as detected by chemiluminescence (10 −10 mol/L: 10.7±0.7 versus 3.1±0.4 fmol/min per gram of kidney, R versus S; P &lt;0.01). Similar effects of BQ-3020 were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Expression of endothelial NO synthase decreased in S rats but not in diabetic or hypercholesterolemic rats. In contrast, expression of ETBR in the endothelium was decreased in all 3 disease models compared with that in the vascular smooth muscle cell. Conclusions —These results suggest that impaired NO release in response to stimulation of ETBR is due, at least in part, to a decrease in endothelial ETBR and may play a role in vascular dysfunction usually associated with arteriosclerosis-related diseases.
Tension Eased — Mental Health —<i>De Motu Cordis</i>
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE tension that has existed for so many months between the medical profession and the Government has at least been temporarily eased. For its part, the Government, having previously been adamant in its refusal to consider any claim for increased pay to doctors, has granted an immediate pay rise of 10 per cent to junior members of hospital staffs and 5 per cent to all general practitioners and consultants. The rises are stated to be interim payments pending the report of the Royal Commission that has been set up to advise on the future payment of all doctors in the . . .
More common skin infections in children
Authors: Michael J Sladden, Graham A Johnston
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are commonly found in patients with cerebral small vessel disease such as white matter hyperintensities and lacunar infarcts. However, the association between cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and NPS has not been examined. Hence the present study sought to investigate the relation between CMBs and NPS in an elderly population. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a cross-sectional study of elderly Asians living in the community, who were assessed on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and underwent clinical examinations as well as brain MRI scans. The 12-item neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) was administered to a reliable informant. Total scores for individual symptoms and for NPI global performance were calculated and compared across three groups: no CMB, presence of 1 CMB and presence of multiple CMBs, controlling for demographics, vascular risk factors and other MRI markers. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 802 participants were included in the analysis. Participants with multiple CMBs had higher NPI total score compared to those with no CMB (1.06 vs 2.66, p=0.03). On individual symptom scores, higher score on depression (0.16 vs 0.53, p=0.02) and disinhibition (0.01 vs 0.14, p=0.04) was found in those elderly with multiple CMBs, independent of demographic and vascular risk factors, history of stroke, and other small vessel and large vessel disease markers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presence of multiple CMBs is associated with high global neuropsychiatric disorder burden, in particular symptoms of depression and disinhibition. Future studies are recommended to investigate the importance of CMBs in the pathogenesis and longitudinal progression of neuropsychiatric disorders in the general elderly population.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Melanoma Prognostic Marker Melastatin (TRPM1) by MITF in Melanocytes and Melanoma
Authors: Arlo J. Miller, Jinyan Du, Sheldon Rowan, Christine L. Hershey, Hans R. Widlund, David E. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Determining the metastatic potential of intermediate thickness lesions remains a major challenge in the management of melanoma. Clinical studies have demonstrated that expression of melastatin/TRPM1 strongly predicts nonmetastatic propensity and correlates with improved outcome, leading to a national cooperative prospective study, which is ongoing currently. Similarly, the melanocytic markers MLANA/MART1 and MITF also have been shown to lose relative expression during melanoma progression. Recent studies have revealed that MITF, an essential transcription factor for melanocyte development, directly regulates expression of MLANA. This prompted examination of whether MITF also might transcriptionally regulate TRPM1 expression. The TRPM1 promoter contains multiple MITF consensus binding elements that were seen by chromatin immunoprecipitation to be occupied by endogenous MITF within melanoma cells. Endogenous TRPM1 expression responded strongly to MITF up- or down-regulation, as did TRPM1 promoter-driven reporters. In addition, MITF and TRPM1 mRNA levels were correlated tightly across a series of human melanoma cell lines. Mice homozygously mutated in MITF showed a dramatic decrease in TRPM1 expression. Finally, the slope of TRPM1 induction by MITF was particularly steep compared with other MITF target genes, suggesting it is a sensitive indicator of MITF expression and correspondingly of melanocytic differentiation. These studies identify MITF as a major transcriptional regulator of TRPM1 and suggest that its prognostic value may be linked to MITF-mediated regulation of cellular differentiation.
Acupuncture may be associated with serious adverse events
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In their review of acupuncture, Vickers and Zollman1 state that systemic infection seems to be uncommon. When it occurs, however, it can be devastating, and the single reported fatality from acupuncture last year was due to streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome.2 A 41 year old man who received acupuncture for shoulder pain collapsed three days later with rapidly spreading erythematous and necrotic change in the skin of the shoulder. Despite immediate extensive debridement and high doses of …
RSK3/4 mediate resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors in breast cancer
Authors: Violeta Serra, Pieter J.A. Eichhorn, Celina García-García, Yasir H. Ibrahim, Ludmila Prudkin, Gertrudis Sánchez, Olga Rodríguez, Pilar Antón, Josep-Lluís Parra, Sara Marlow, Maurizio Scaltriti, José Pérez-Garcia, Aleix Prat, Joaquín Arribas, William C. Hahn, So Young Kim, José Baselga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The PI3K signaling pathway regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and metabolism, and is aberrantly activated in human cancer. As such, numerous compounds targeting the PI3K pathway are currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer, and several have shown some early indications of efficacy in breast cancer. However, resistance against these agents, both de novo and acquired, may ultimately limit the efficacy of these compounds. Here, we have taken a systematic functional approach to uncovering potential mechanisms of resistance to PI3K inhibitors and have identified several genes whose expression promotes survival under conditions of PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) blockade, including the ribosomal S6 kinases RPS6KA2 (RSK3) and RPS6KA6 (RSK4). We demonstrate that overexpression of RSK3 or RSK4 supports proliferation upon PI3K inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, in part through the attenuation of the apoptotic response and upregulation of protein translation. Notably, the addition of MEK- or RSK-specific inhibitors can overcome these resistance phenotypes, both in breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models with elevated levels of RSK activity. These observations provide a strong rationale for the combined use of RSK and PI3K pathway inhibitors to elicit favorable responses in breast cancer patients with activated RSK.
Vitamin D and gonadal steroid-resistant New World primate cells express an intracellular protein which competes with the estrogen receptor for binding to the estrogen response element.
Authors: H Chen, J E Arbelle, M A Gacad, E A Allegretto, J S Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

New World primates (NWP) exhibit a form of compensated resistance to vitamin D and other steroid hormones, including 17beta-estradiol. One postulated cause of resistance is that NWP cells overexpress one or more proteins which block hormone action by competing with hormone for its cognate hormone response element. Here we report that both nuclear and postnuclear extracts from NWP, but not Old World primate, cells contained a protein(s) capable of binding directly to the estrogen response element (ERE). This ERE binding protein(s) (ERE-BP) was dissociated from the ERE by excess of either unlabeled ERE or excess of the ERE half-site motif AGGTCAcag. DNA affinity chromatography using concatamers of the latter resulted in > 20,000-fold purification of the ERE-BP. The intensity of the ERE-BP-ERE complex in electromobility shift assay was indirectly related to the amount of wild-type Old World primate estrogen receptor (ER) but not affected when potential ligands, including 17beta-estradiol (up to 100 nM), or anti-ER antibody was added to the binding reaction. We conclude that vitamin D-resistant and gonadal steroid-resistant NWP cells contain a protein(s) that may "silence" ER action by interacting directly with the ERE and interfering with ER binding.
Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes.
Authors: T J Vasicek, P Leder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We determined the DNA sequence of two large regions of chromosome 22: 33.7 kb containing the C lambda complex; and 5.2 kb 5' of the functionally rearranged lambda gene from the human myeloma, U266. Analysis of these sequences reveals the complete structure of the human C lambda complex and a previously undescribed seventh C lambda region that may encode the Ke+Oz- lambda protein. The seven constant regions are organized in a tandem array, and each is preceded by a single J lambda region. lambda 1, lambda 2, lambda 3, and lambda 7 are apparently active genes, while lambda 4, lambda 5, and lambda 6 are pseudogenes. There are no other J lambda or C lambda regions within a 60-kb region surrounding the C lambda complex; however, there are at least four other lambda-like genes and lambda pseudogenes in the human genome. The lambda genes appear to have evolved via a series of gene duplication events resulting from unequal crossing over or gene conversion between the highly conserved C lambda regions on mispaired chromosomes. The lack of Alu sequences in this large segment of DNA suggests that the C lambda complex resulted from a recent amplification of a smaller Alu-free segment of DNA. Illegitimate recombination between repeated sequences containing lambda 2 and lambda 3 may be responsible for variable amplification of the lambda genes. We also found a 1,377-bp open reading frame (ORF) located on the opposite strand in the region containing lambda 7. While this ORF is flanked by potential RNA splicing signals, we have no evidence that it is part of a functional gene. We also discovered a V lambda pseudogene, called psi V lambda 1, 3 kb upstream of the U266 lambda gene. Using primer extension analysis to map the transcription start in the human lambda gene, we have identified its initiation point 41 bp upstream of the initiation codon. Analysis of the lambda promoter reveals that it contains a TATAA box at position -29 relative to the transcription initiation site and an octamer sequence at -67. Computer analysis of 40 kb of DNA sequences surrounding the human lambda locus has revealed no sequences resembling the kappa or IgH transcriptional enhancers, nor have in vitro analyses for function revealed enhancer activity. A comparison of these results with those obtained in separate studies with transgenic mice point to a complex, developmentally linked mechanism of transcriptional activation.
LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTIONAL RESERVE DURING EXERCISE IS ABNORMAL IN PATIENTS WITH HYPER-APICAL ROTATION AT REST
Authors: In Jeong Cho, Chi Young Shim, Jeonggeun Moon, Min-Kyung Kang, Woo-In Yang, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung, Jong-Won Ha
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ROBISON NATIONAL CLEARING AND WORLD WIDE ADJUSTING COMPANIES
Authors: H. F. W. Warden
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —I have read with interest the article on the experience of an Indiana physician with the Robison National Clearing Company, Inc., appearing in the Bureau of Investigation Department ofThe Journal, December 13. About four or five years ago, in a weak moment, I contracted with them to collect around a thousand odd dollars' worth of accounts. To date, in spite of repeated attempts, I have been unable to collect one single cent from them, although, on their own admission, they have made several collections. I have had a somewhat similar experience with the United States National Adjustment Company of Chicago.
ANAESTHETICS AND DIABETES
Authors: E. J. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1928)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The ovipositors of some insects are external female genitalia, which have their primary function to deliver eggs. <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> and its sibling species <i>D. subpulchrella</i> are known to have acquired highly sclerotized and enlarged ovipositors upon their shifts in oviposition sites from rotting to ripening fruits. Inside the ovipositor plates, there are scale-like polarized protrusions termed “oviprovector scales” that are likely to aid the mechanical movement of the eggs. The size and spatial distribution of the scales need to be rearranged following the divergence of the ovipositors. In this study, we examined the features of the oviprovector scales in <i>D. suzukii</i> and its closely related species. We also investigated whether the scales are single-cell protrusions comprised of F-actin under the same conserved gene regulatory network as the well-characterized trichomes on the larval cuticular surface. <h3>Results</h3> The oviprovector scales of <i>D. suzukii</i> and <i>D. subpulchrella</i> were distinct in size and spatial arrangement compared to those of a closely related species <i>D. biarmipes</i> and <i>D. melanogaster</i>. The comparisons of the size of the scales suggested that the apical cell area of the oviprovector has expanded upon the elongation of the ovipositor plates in these species. Our transcriptome analysis revealed that 43 out of the 46 genes known to be involved in the trichome gene regulatory network are expressed in the developing female genitalia of <i>D. suzukii</i> and <i>D. subpulchrella</i>. An antibody staining depicted the presence of Shavenbaby (Svb) in the inner cavity of the developing ovipositors of <i>D. melanogaster</i> at 44–48 h after puparium formation (APF). Also, <i>shavenoid</i> (<i>sha</i>) was expressed in the corresponding patterns in the developing ovipositors and showed differential expression levels between <i>D. suzukii</i> and <i>D. subpulchrella</i> at 48 h APF. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The oviprovector scales have divergent size and spatial arrangements among species. Therefore, these scales may represent a rapidly diversifying morphological trait of the female reproductive tract reflecting ecological contexts. Furthermore, our results showed that the gene regulatory network underlying trichome formation is adopted to develop the rapidly evolving trichomes on the oviprovectors of these flies.
State of the art and new horizons in the diagnosis and management of egg allergy
Authors: A. H. Benhamou, J.‐C. Caubet, P. A. Eigenmann, A. Nowak‐We˛grzyn, C. P. Marcos, M. Reche, A. Urisu
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Egg allergy is one of the most frequent food allergies in children below the age of three. Common symptoms of egg allergy involve frequently the skin as well as the gut and in more severe cases result in anaphylaxis. Non-IgE-mediated symptoms such as in eosinophilic diseases of the gut or egg-induced enterocolitis might also be observed. Sensitization to egg white proteins can be found in young children in absence of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of egg allergy is based on the history, IgE tests as well as standardized food challenges. Ovomucoid is the major allergen of egg, and recent advances in technology have improved the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with egg allergy by using single allergens or allergens with modified allergenic properties. Today, the management of egg allergy is strict avoidance. However, oral tolerance induction protocols, in particular with egg proteins with reduced allergenic properties, are promising tools for inducing an increased level of tolerance in specific patients.
Antihypertensive Medication Use Among US Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Qiuping Gu, Ryne Paulose-Ram, Charles Dillon, Vicki Burt
Journal: Circulation (2006)

High blood pressure can be controlled through existing antihypertensive drug therapy. This study examined trends in prescribed antihypertensive medication use among US adults with hypertension and compared drug utilization patterns with recommendations of the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.Persons aged > or =18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were identified as hypertensive on the basis of either a blood pressure > or =140/90 mm Hg or self-reported current treatment for hypertension with a prescription medication. In 1999-2002, 62.9% of US hypertensive adults took a prescription antihypertensive medication compared with 57.3% during 1988-1994 (P<0.01). Men had the greatest increase in antihypertensive medication use (47.5%, 1988-1994 versus 57.9%, 1999-2002 [P<0.001]). In both surveys, antihypertensive medication use increased with age, was lower among men than among women, and was lower among Mexican Americans than among non-Hispanic whites and blacks. Multiple antihypertensive drug use increased from 29.1% to 35.8% (P<0.001). Polytherapy with a calcium channel blocker, beta-blocker, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor significantly increased by 30%, 42%, and 68%, respectively, whereas monotherapy with a diuretic or beta-blocker significantly decreased. For hypertensives with diabetes, congestive heart failure, or a prior heart attack, the utilization patterns closely followed the Sixth Joint National Committee guideline recommendations.Antihypertensive medication use and multiple antihypertensive medication use among US hypertensive adults increased over the past 10 years, but disparities by sociodemographic factors continue to exist.