tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance in Typhoid Fever
Authors: Gary Overturf, Keith I. Marton, Allen W. Mathies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

MANY authorities1 , 2 have recognized chloramphenicol as the preferred drug for the treatment of clinical typhoid fever. During the early months of 1972, an epidemic strain of Salmonella lyphosa resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin and sulfadiazine was identified in the area of Mexico City.3 , 4 Since June, 1972, a small number of cases among American citizens who had traveled to endemic areas of Mexico have been reported to the Center for Disease Control.5 , 6 The drug resistance is mediated in a degraded Vi(A) phage type of typhoid bacillus by an R-factor,7 , 8 and it is currently postulated that this same pattern of antibiotic resistance . . .
HLA antigens in Behcet's disease: a reappraisal by a comparative study of Turkish and British patients.
Authors: H Yazici, M A Chamberlain, I Schreuder, J D'Amaro, M Muftuoglu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

We have compared the distribution of histocompatibility antigens of 22 Turkish and 14 British patients with Behçet9s disease with those of their respective controls. There was a strong association of B5, specifically its Bw51 split, with the disease. A modest increase in the incidence of HLA B27 was noted in British patients, but numbers were too small for analysis. The incidence of DRw2 and DRw4 antigens among Turkish and British patients did not differ from that of their respective controls.
Postoperative Changes on Brain SPECT Imaging After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage A Potential Pitfall in the Evaluation of Vasospasm
Authors: JOEL M. ROSEN, ASHVIN V. BUTALA, JOHN M. OROPELLO, MICHAEL SACHER, STEVEN H. RUDOLPH, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH, VICTOR HOLAN, PETER STRITZKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Serial brain SPECT imaging was performed on patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms. A total of 20 HMPAO scans were performed on 9 patients in whom clinical vasospasm did not develop. Areas of diminished regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were found near the operative site in 17 of 20 studies, which did not correlate with the patients' neurologic condition and were suggestive of postoperative edema. Brain SPECT imaging has a potentially valuable role to play in the evaluation of postoperative patients susceptible to vasospasm; however, it is important to be aware of postoperative changes in rCBF that are not related to vasospasm.
ADAMTS-13 rapidly cleaves newly secreted ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers on the endothelial surface under flowing conditions
Authors: Jing-fei Dong, Joel L. Moake, Leticia Nolasco, Aubrey Bernardo, Wendy Arceneaux, Corie N. Shrimpton, Alicia J. Schade, Larry V. McIntire, Kazuo Fujikawa, José A. López
Journal: Blood (2002)
Biochemical characterization of three mutant isozymes of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase: PK‐“Gainesville,” PK‐“San Juan,” and PK‐“Cape Canaveral”
Authors: Donald E. Paglia, Alan S. Keitt, William N. Valentine, Shirley Gordon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Pyruvate kinase was partially purified from erythrocytes of three unrelated, nonconsaguineous patients with chronic hemolytic anemia of differing clinical severities. Characterization of the defective PK isozymes by internationally standardized criteria indicated that one (PK‐“Gainesville”) had severely impaired substrate affinity, another (PK‐“San Juan”) had markedly reduced residual activity, and the third (PK‐“Cape Canaveral”) had a combination of milder defects. Each appears representative of subsets emerging from the heterogeneous molecular defects that make up pyruvate kinase deficiency.
AIR PRESSURE IN BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: William S. Howland
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am writing to protest the editorial inThe Journal, July 2, page 1032, entitled "Use of Air Pressure to Speed up Blood Transfusion." Since the editorial is unsigned, I do not know its source, but I would hazard the guess that the writer has never been faced with the problem of the rapid administration of large amounts of bank blood. He comments that he was unaware of the fact that the transfusion of blood under air pressure is still in common use. I am sure there is no institution where radical surgery is performed that does not use blood under air-positive pressure. Also, the author does not seem to understand that there is usually a safety vent trap bottle of saline solution interposed between the blood which is being subjected to the air pressure and the direct line to the patient. The recommendation from such an
KERATOLYSIS OR "SKIN-SHEDDING."
Authors: R. M. STONE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I had the good fortune recently to see one of the rare cases of "skin-shedders." This was a man of 50, strong, hearty, quite intelligent and entertaining in his description of his peculiar condition. <h3>Family History.</h3> —He comes of a long-lived race, two of his grandparents having reached over 100 and his father being alive at about 90. He has six living brothers and sisters. No one of his family has ever been known to shed his skin. <h3>Personal History.</h3> —His parents told him that he was born in May, 1849, and that he shed all his skin in the July following, and every year of his childhood. Since he has reached years of ability to remember, he states that he has shed all the skin of his body every summer and, in the years 1893, 1894, 1899 and1900, has shed it the second time about a month later than
Scalp surface lipid
Authors: N.B. Simpson, A. Martin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Scalp surface lipid Get access N.B. Simpson, N.B. Simpson Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Martin A. Martin Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 1, 1 January 1983, Page 123, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04587.x Published: 01 January 1983
Emphysema Produced in Dogs by Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Oscar Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Ten dogs smoked cigarettes daily in two sessions each day by voluntary inhalation through a tracheostomy tube. Five dogs died during the course of the experiment, and the remaining five were killed after more than 420 days of smoking. Hematocrit values increased markedly during the first several weeks of smoking and then declined somewhat but remained higher than presmoking levels. The heart weight relative to body weight was markedly higher in the ten smoking dogs than in the ten control dogs. Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, similar to those conditions in human beings, were found in all five of the smoking dogs killed. No such lung parenchymal changes were found in ten control dogs.
Number of animal experiments continues to rise
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The use of scientific procedures involving animals continues to show the slow but steadily upward trend apparent over the past decade in Britain. Most of the rise is accounted for by the breeding of genetically modified (GM) animals, predominantly mice.

The latest figures, published by the UK Home Office on 13 July, show that 3.7 million procedures were carried out in Great Britain in 2010, a rise of 3% on the previous year. But if figures for the breeding of GM animals are removed from the total, …
Health Care Financing Administration Receives Plenty of Comments on Laboratory Proposals
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE CLINICAL laboratory world is up in arms over the proposed regulations issued by the Health Care Financing Administration and aimed toward implementing the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. At a meeting, hastily convened in Washington, DC, by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, more than 300 physicians, laboratorians, public health administrators, and well over 100 industry representatives virtually unanimously denounced the proposals as unrealistic, certain to be expensive, likely in some instances to interfere with medical care, and unlikely to be cost effective. The committee (which is not a government body) is an interdisciplinary organization that promotes the development of voluntary standards for clinical laboratory testing. Its membership includes medical laboratory professional associations, agencies of the federal and state governments, manufacturers of laboratory equipment and products, and individual laboratories and healthcare institutions. The Health Care Financing Administration had asked for detailed responses to its proposals. The laboratory
New Malignancies After Blood or Marrow Stem-Cell Transplantation in Children and Adults: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: K. Scott Baker, Todd E. DeFor, Linda J. Burns, Norma K.C. Ramsay, Joseph P. Neglia, Leslie L. Robison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine the incidence and risk factors for the development of new malignancies occurring after stem-cell transplantation (SCT).Between January 1, 1974, and March 31, 2001, 3,372 patients underwent SCT at the University of Minnesota. From these transplants, 147 posttransplant malignancies (PTMs) were identified in 137 patients.Excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers (n = 19) and carcinoma-in-situ (n = 5), the remaining 123 cases represented an 8.1-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7 to 9.6) increased risk of a PTM, an excess risk of 102.7 cases/10,000 persons/yr (age and sex adjusted). This includes a significantly elevated risk for developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML; standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 300; 95% CI, 210 to 406), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD; SIR = 54.3; 95% CI, 39.5 to 41.1), Hodgkin's disease (SIR = 14.8; 95% CI, 3.9 to 32.9), or solid tumors overall (SIR = 2.8; CI, 2.0 to 3.7) and in specific for melanoma, brain, and oral cavity tumors. The cumulative incidence for the development of any PTM was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.2 to 8.6) at 20 years post-SCT. For PTLD (n = 43), the cumulative incidence plateaued at 1.4% (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8) by 10 years post-SCT. For MDS or AML, the cumulative incidence plateaued at 1.4% (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.9) by 10 years post-SCT. The cumulative incidence of developing a solid tumor did not plateau and was 3.8% (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.4) at 20 years post-SCT.These data reveal that the risk of PTMs, especially solid tumors, continues to increase even 20 years after transplant, necessitating long-term close follow-up for these patients.
Oxygen Tension During Laminectomy
Authors: Eli M. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  Frequently during laminectomy, the surgeon complains that the blood from the epidural space is  despite the fact that the anesthesiologist is administering oxygen concentrations of 40% or more in the anesthetic gas mixture. There is generally no concurrent indication of hypoxemia in terms of respiratory or circulatory signs and there is no obvious cyanosis in the upper regions of the body. Nevertheless, the dark blood in the wound is disquieting. The conservative anesthesiologist may discontinue all anesthetic agents and administer 100% oxygen in an attempt to correct the situation with the result that the anesthesia becomes light and the patient begins to cough due to the endotracheal tube. Other anesthesiologists question the powers of observation of the surgeon which may result in an unpleasant altercation.  In order to determine whether the observation of dark blood was apparent or real and, if real, to determine its significance,
Government cuts are jeopardising move to personal health budgets
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The personalisation of health and social care in England is facing a “perfect storm” as extensive efficiency savings in the NHS and deep cuts in government funding to local authorities take their toll, a London conference on personal health budgets heard on 22 June.

Personal budgets aim to bolster individuals’ choice and control by enabling budget holders to act as commissioner and to purchase social care or healthcare services directly or through a third party ( BMJ 2010;341:c7037, doi:10.1136/bmj.c7037). An Audit Commission report published last October, Financial Management of Personal Budgets , said that personal budgets can provide flexibility, choice, and control to service users and . . . can improve health and wellbeing, and user satisfaction. They provide opportunities to make cost savings” (www.audit-commission.gov.uk/nationalstudies/localgov/personalbudgets/Pages/default.aspx).

Personal budgets featured prominently in the coalition government’s vision for social care and in …
806 The effect of recombinant factor VIIA and fresh frozen plasma on the INR in patients with acute and chronic liver failure
Authors: D QUAN, N BASS, R HIROSE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Water dropwort [Oenanthe javanica (O. javanica)] is an aquatic perennial herb cultivated in East Asian countries. It has been popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine which is beneficial for the treatment of many diseases, including jaundice and various types of chronic and acute hepatitis. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of total phenolics from O. javanica (TPOJ) against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced liver injury in mice.The hepatoprotective activity of TPOJ (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was investigated on D-GalN (800 mg/kg)-induced liver damages in mice. Blood and liver were collected for biochemical and microscopic analysis. RT-PCR was used to determine the changes in hepatic nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were determined by western blotting.In the animal studies, TPOJ could improve the survival of acute liver failure model significantly and prevente the D-GalN-induced elevation of the serum enzymatic markers and nonenzymatic markers levels significantly. Meanwhile, TPOJ-treatment decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and elevated the content of glutathione (GSH) in the liver as compared to those in the D-GalN group. Hepatic activities and protein expressions of antioxidative enzymes, including SOD, GPx, and CAT were enhanced dose dependently with TPOJ. At the same time, application of TPOJ effectively suppressed the D-GalN-induced proinflammatory mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Subsequently, the serum levels of proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were reduced. Additionally, histological analyses also showed that TPOJ reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by D-GalN.Our investigation demonstrated the hepatoprotective activity of TPOJ and revealed that TPOJ attributed its significance in the traditional use for treating liver diseases.
Treatment for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Relapse — What Are the Alternatives?
Authors: Julie Marie Vose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Multiagent chemotherapy including anthracyclines can induce long-term disease-free survival in 40 to 45 percent of patients with intermediate-grade, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The other 55 to 60 percent of patients either do not have complete remission or have relapses, necessitating further treatment.1 In this issue of the Journal, Philip et al.2 describe the Parma study, in which patients with relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were randomly assigned to receive either conventional salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. After a median follow-up of 63 months, the event-free survival among patients in the conventional-treatment group was 12 percent, . . .
Variant Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Messages in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Yvonne K. Hodges, Jennifer K. Richer, Kathryn B. Horwitz, Lawrence D. Horwitz
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Estrogens stimulate growth of breast or uterine cells but have the opposite effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, in which they protect against coronary artery disease with or without concomitant administration of progesterone. A possible cause of differences in hormone action is variable tissue-specific expression of hormone receptor. Therefore, we analyzed the structure of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in human vascular smooth muscle. Methods and Results —RNA was isolated from human vascular smooth muscle, and the functional domains of ER-α and PR were characterized by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, in addition to wild-type ER-α and PR, 5 variant ER-α and 2 variant PR transcripts were found. These variants contained precise deletions of exons encoding regions of the hormone-binding domain. The PR transcripts lacked exon 4 (PRΔ4) and exon 6 (PRΔ6). The ER-α transcripts were missing exon 4 (ERΔ4), exon 5 (ERΔ5), exon 6 (ERΔ6), exon 7 (ERΔ7), and exons 6 and 7, (ERΔ6,7). ER-β variants were also detected. The PR variants were functionally characterized, and PRΔ6 was found to be a dominant-negative transcription inhibitor of wild-type receptors. Variant PR was present in premenopausal women but absent in postmenopausal women. Conclusions —Variant PR and ER transcripts are extensively expressed in human vascular smooth muscle. The complex tissue-specific effects of sex hormones may be mediated by the expression of heterogeneous forms of their cognate receptors. The presence of variant ERs and PRs may be of importance in altering the physiological effects of estrogens or progestins in vascular smooth muscle.
Neonatal Mortality in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Kay F McFarland, Ezzat Hemaya
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

To assess the effects of an educational program emphasizing detection and tight control of maternal glucose levels during pregnancy, the management and outcome of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus delivered at a county hospital during two time periods, 1978-1980 and 1981-1983, are compared. The prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy was 1.4% between 1978 and 1980 and 2.6% between 1981 and 1983 (P less than 0.01). The perinatal death rate decreased for infants of diabetic mothers from 100 per thousand deliveries in 1978-1980 to 32 per thousand in 1981-1983 (P less than 0.02). The perinatal death rate for infants of mothers with gestational diabetes was nearly the same as the perinatal death rate for all neonates born in the state in 1981-1983. Congenital anomalies followed by stillbirths were the most frequent causes of perinatal death.
Measurement of cardiac output in man with a nonrecirculating indicator
Authors: Stephen M. Wittenberg, Francis J. Klocke, David G. Greene, Ivan L. Bunnell, Herman L. Falsetti, Joseph A. Zizzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the utility of constant-rate injection of a nonrecirculating indicator (H2) for the measurement of cardiac output in man. 42 patients were studied during cardiac catheterization and 8 during acute complications of arteriosclerotic heart disease, including acute myocardial infarction. Pulmonary (or systemic) arterial H2 concentration was measured chromatographically from 2.0 ml blood samples drawn during constant-rate injection of dissolved H2 into the systemic venous circulation (or left heart). The chromatograph was a thermal conductivity unit housed in a constant-temperature water bath to achieve an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Intrapulmonary H2 elimination from mixed venous blood was measured directly in 14 patients and averaged 98 ±1.5% (SD). Reproducibility of output measurements was evaluated using triplicate determinations obtained over 45-60 sec in 25 consecutive patients. Coefficients of variation (SD/Mean × 100) averaged 3.4 ±2.0%, making it possible to evaluate relatively small changes in measured output with conventional statistical tests. Individual measurements could be repeated at 10-15 sec intervals. Comparisons of H2 and direct Fick measurements were made in 14 patients; H2 outputs averaged 106 ±4% (SEM) of Fick outputs (P > 0.1). Comparisons of H2 and dye dilution measurements were performed in an additional 24 patients. Seven had angiographically-negligible valvular regurgitation and dye outputs averaged 106 ±3% of H2 outputs (P > 0.1). 17 had moderate-to-severe regurigation and dye outputs averaged 91 ±4% of H2 outputs (P < 0.05), suggesting a small but systematic error due to undetected recirculation of dye. The H2 technique appears advantageous for rapidly repeated determinations of output, for quantitation of small changes in output, and for situations in which recirculation of conventional indicators is a potentially significant problem.
The Repertoire of Minimal Mobile Elements in the Neisseria Species and Evidence That These Are Involved in Horizontal Gene Transfer in Other Bacteria
Authors: L. A. S. Snyder, S. McGowan, M. Rogers, E. Duro, E. O'Farrell, N. J. Saunders
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

In the Neisseria spp., natural competence for transformation and homologous recombination generate antigenic variants through creation of mosaic genes (such as opas) and through recombination with silent cassettes (such as pilE/pilS) and gene-complement diversity through the horizontal exchange of whole genes or groups of genes, in minimal mobile elements (MMEs). An MME is a region encompassing 2 conserved genes between which different whole-gene cassettes are found in different strains, which are chromosomally incorporated solely through the action of homologous recombination. Comparative analyses of the neisserial genome sequences identified 39 potential MME sites, the contents of which were investigated in 11 neisserial strains. One hundred and eight different MME regions were identified, 20 of which contain novel sequences and these contain 12 newly identified neisserial coding sequences. Neisserial uptake signal sequences are associated with 38 of the 40 MMEs studied. In some sites, divergent dinucleotide signatures of the sequences between the flanking genes suggest relatively recent horizontal acquisition of some cassettes. The neisserial MMEs were used to interrogate all of the other available bacterial genome sequences, revealing frequent conservation of the flanking genes combined with the presence of different gene cassettes between them. In some cases, these sites can definitively be classified as MMEs in these other genera. These findings provide additional evidence for the MME model, indicate that MME-directed investigations are a good basis for the identification of novel strain-specific genes and differences within bacterial populations and demonstrate that these elements are probably ubiquitously involved in genetic exchange, particularly in naturally competent bacteria.
Salivary secretion in duodenal ulcer disease
Authors: A. L. Blum
Journal: Gut (1972)

Salivary response to stimulation with citric acid was higher in patients with duodenal ulcer disease than in patients with other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This increase was proportional to an increase of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In duodenal ulcer disease, the increase in parietal cell mass may therefore be associated with the growth of other exocrine organs such as the salivary glands.