tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the cause of the low intensity aortic component of the second sound in nonhypotensive patients with poor ventricular performance.
Authors: P D Stein, H N Sabbah, F Khaja, D T Anbe
Journal: Circulation (1978)

This investigation was undertaken to explore the cause of the diminished second sound (S2) that may occur in normotensive patients with poorly performing ventricles. Intra-aortic sound and pressure were measured in 16 patients with angina; eight had normal ventricular performance (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 60%) and eight had poor performance (ejection fraction less than 50%). The amplitude of S2 was lower in patients with poor ventricular performance as was negative d/dt. Aortic pressure was conparable in both groups. The ampitude of S2 was linearly related to the rate of change of the pressure gradient that developed across the aortic valve during diastole (r = 0.82). The latter also correlated with negative dp/dt (r = 0.82). These observations indicate that in patients with poor ventricular performance, isovolumic relaxation may be compromised. This would cause a reduction of the rate of development of the diastolic pressure gradient, which would result in a diminished S2.
Cytokine effects on pepsinogen secretion from human peptic cells.
Authors: M T Serrano, A I Lanas, S Lorente, R Sainz
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Different cytokines, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta), participate in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage and repair by means of different mechanisms that are either paracrine or autocrine in nature. AIMS: To study whether EGF and IL 1 beta affect pepsinogen secretion in vitro. METHODS: Dispersed human peptic cells were prepared from endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens after collagenase digestion, mechanical disruption, and density gradient centrifugation. RESULTS: EGF dose dependently increased basal pepsinogen secretion and mitogenic concentrations (0.1 nM) of EGF induced submaximal stimulation. Similar effects were observed with transforming growth factor alpha. EGF effects on pepsinogen secretion were in addition to that induced by CCK-OP and db-cAMP stimulated pepsinogen secretion. EGF stimulated pepsinogen secretion was completely inhibited by a human immunospecific EGF receptor antibody and reduced by both genistein and tyrphostin-25, two different tyrosine kinase inhibitors. IL 1 beta does not affect basal, CCK-OP or acetylcholine stimulated pepsinogen secretion. However, IL 1 beta dose dependently inhibited db-cAMP and histamine stimulated pepsinogen secretion. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that both EGF and IL 1 beta modulate human pepsinogen secretion in vitro and suggest that the paracrine effects of these cytokines on pepsinogen secretion might be involved in some pathological conditions of damage and inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
Serotonin enhances the production of type IV collagen by human mesangial cells
Authors: Masaya Kasho, Masakazu Sakai, Takayuki Sasahara, Yoshichika Anami, Takeshi Matsumura, Toru Takemura, Hirofumi Matsuda, Shozo Kobori, Motoaki Shichiri
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Current Choices in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Ye-Ji Kwon, Sungsoo Park
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract B29: A meta-analysis of racial disparities in the association between 8q24 and prostate cancer risk
Authors: Douglas K. Price, Sarah M. Troutman, Tristan M. Sissung, Cheryl Cropp, David J. Venzon, Shawn D. Spencer, William D. Figg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis was to elucidate potential racial disparities in the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prostate cancer risk. Background: Racial disparities in the incidence of prostate cancer exist but remain unexplained. Recent studies implicate SNPs within the 8q24 region as risk factors for prostate cancer and the frequency of variant alleles at these SNPs appear to differ by race. Methods: Twenty-nine studies of seven SNPs and one microsatellite marker located within the 8q24 region were included in the meta-analyses. Allelic odds ratio (OR) values and confidence intervals were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel test. This test assumes homogeneity so the Breslow-Day test was first used to determine whether or not the assumption of homogeneity was valid in each population. Results: Prostate cancer risk was associated with the following SNPs in all included races: rs6983267, rs1447295, rs6983561, rs7837688, rs16901979, and DG8S737(-8). However, race-dependent differences were detected in (1) baseline allele frequencies, (2) degree of risk conferred, and (3) predictive power relative to the other SNPs. Conclusions: The inheritance of 8q24 polymorphisms may in part account for racial disparities in the incidence of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Douglas K. Price, Sarah M. Troutman, Tristan M. Sissung, Cheryl Cropp, David J. Venzon, Shawn D. Spencer, William D. Figg. A meta-analysis of racial disparities in the association between 8q24 and prostate cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Leiomyoma of Oesophagus
Authors: J. S. Glennie, K. Moghissi
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MBiLsOURNALfound to be 150 mg./100 ml.Fluids were immediately restricted by mouth and penicillin was started.No pitting oedema was observed at any time.Daily blood-pressure readings never rose above 150/90.At no time was there clinical evidence of hepatic involvement.The blood count remained normal throughout.The blood urea rose to 245 mg./100 ml. on December 27 and thereafter fell, until by January 7, 1957, it was normal. (Urea concentration test was also normal on January 7.)
Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog
Authors: Stanley Ulick, Erica Feinholtz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A study of the metabolism of aldosterone in the bullfrog was undertaken to provide a measurable metabolite for the indirect isotope dilution technique for measuring secretory rates. The rate of excretion of labeled aldosterone was considerably slower in the frog than in man and made necessary the collection of excretory products for 5 days to insure reasonably complete recovery of metabolites. The major identifiable metabolite was a tetrahydro derivative subsequently identified as 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-tetrahydroaldosterone. This metabolite was excreted partly in the free form and partly as a glucuronic acid conjugate. The pH 1-hydrolyzable conjugate of aldosterone was not detected. For the measurement of secretory rates, aldosterone-(3)H was injected into the dorsal lymph space and the animal placed in a bath to provide an environment of constant electrolyte composition and intake and a means of collecting excretory products. Urine and bath fluid were collected for 5 days, tetrahydroaldosterone was isolated, and its specific activity determined for the calculation of the aldosterone secretory rate. The rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog was increased by a tap water bath and by bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone, decreased by a saline bath and by dexamethasone, and unchanged by valine-5-angiotensin amide.
GP trainees and summative assessment
Authors: T A Carney
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I am disappointed by the General Medical Services Committee's rejection of the plans by the Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice for summative assessment for general practitioner trainees.1 The greatest weakness of British general practice is its present acceptance that the MB, BS (or its equivalent) is an adequate qualification to be a principal in general practice. …
Mechanisms of imitation: The relabeled story
Authors: Herbert L. Roitblat
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Byrne &amp; Russon propose an account of imitation that mirrors levels of behavioral organization, but they perpetuate a tendency to dismiss imitation by members of most species as the result of more primitive processes, even though these alternative phenomena are often poorly understood. They argue that the prerequisites to program-level imitation are present in great apes, but the same prerequisites appear to be present in a broad range of species. The distribution of imitative capacity across species may be more limited by research methodology than by cognitive ability.
Libidinal Cathexis and Emotional Growth in the Analytical Treatment of Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: S. Stephanos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

The paper deals with a form of analytical therapy in psychosomatics, which was developed and applied for many years in a model research ward. The therapeutic arrangement, or setting, was designed to make provision for all 3 elements of a person's make-up - his environment, his mind and his body. At the heart of the model is the therapeutic team, which offers the patient empathatic 'holding' and encourages his emotional growth. The members of the team have learned to offer themselves to the patient as a unit with a common inner attitude towards him. This means that they must first have worked out a unified approach, a hermeneutic structure, with which to understand him. Against the background of a special genetic conception of a mother's function for her child, the ward was turned into a setting that confronts the patient, in psychodramatized form, with a specific form of 'physical ambience'. In coming to grips with the team's physical, sensual presence, the patient is stimulated into developing a transference relationship to the empathizing, maternal father-figure, the 'père maternel'. In this way he can break loose from his clinging dependency on an 'omnipotent object', his dyadic partner, and, through internalizing the therapist both in his female and his male aspects, create a libidinal object in his inner world.
Development of an Specific Questionnaire for the Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Hereditary Angioedema due to C1 inhibitor Deficiency (HAE) and Cross-Cultural Validation proposal
Authors: N PRIOR, E REMOR, C GOMEZTRASEIRA, M PEDROSA, C LOPEZSERRANO, T CABALLERO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Cautionary tales: Blessed is he who cometh last to the case
Authors: J J Earnshaw
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“There's no point in asking him if it's broken.” My credibility is in tatters. I've missed another fracture on the football pitch, this time a spiral fracture of the tibial shaft. Despite advancing age and declining ability I still enjoy football weekly (or should that be weakly) with non-medical friends. Whenever there's an injury the “doc” is always summoned despite the fact that I completed a surgical training devoid of elective orthopaedics. Casualty experience is but a dim memory but, like most medics, I still reckon that I can spot a broken arm or leg. I have …
TCT-645 Impact of Renal Dysfunction on Changes of Plaque Characteristics in Non-intervened Coronary Segments in Statin-Treated Patients with Angina Pectoris and Hypertension
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Wook Jeong, Hae Chang Jeong, Sung Soo Kim, Ju Han Kim, Keun Ho Park, Jong Chun Park, Si Hyun Rhew, Doo Sun Sim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Proteomic approaches to characterize protein modifications: new tools to study the effects of environmental exposures.
Authors: Daniel C Liebler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Proteomics is the study of proteomes, which are the collections of proteins expressed in cells. Whereas genomes are essentially invariant in different cells in an organism, proteomes vary from cell to cell, with time and as a function of environmental stimuli and stress. The integration of new mass spectrometry (MS) methods, data analysis algorithms, and information from databases of protein and gene sequences has enabled the characterization of proteomes. Many environmental agents directly or indirectly generate reactive electrophiles that covalently modify proteins. Although considerable evidence supports a key role for protein adducts in adverse effects of chemicals, limitations in analytical technology have slowed progress in this area. New applications of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) now offer the potential to identify protein targets of reactive electrophiles and to map adducts at the level of amino acid sequence. Use of the data-analysis tools Sequest and SALSA (Scoring Algorithm for Spectral Analysis) together with LC-MS-MS analyses of protein digests enables the identification of modified forms of proteins in a sample. These approaches can map adducts to specific amino acids in protein targets and are being adapted to searches for protein adducts in complex proteomes. These tools will facilitate the identification of new biomarkers of chemical exposure and studies of mechanisms by which protein modifications contribute to the adverse effects of environmental exposures.
<i>Horizon</i> : Does the MMR Jab Cause Autism?: Has the fat lady sung then?
Authors: Alan Challoner
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—MacAuley, in his review of the BBC Horizon programme, Does the MMR Jab Cause Autism?,1 repeats what I assume was the programme's determination—namely, that there was nothing in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and autism story, and that many children have suffered unnecessarily from the outcome of the widespread publicity.

MacAuley concludes that parents …
The Tension–Time Index and the Frequency/ Tidal Volume Ratio Are the Major Pathophysiologic Determinants of Weaning Failure and Success
Authors: THEODOROS VASSILAKOPOULOS, SPYROS ZAKYNTHINOS, CHARIS ROUSSOS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We have previously shown (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995;152:1248–1255) that in patients needing mechanical ventilation, the load imposed on the inspiratory muscles is excessive relative to their neuromuscular capacity. We have therefore hypothesized that weaning failure may occur because at the time of the trial of spontaneous breathing there is insufficient reduction of the inspiratory load. We therefore prospectively studied patients who initially had failed to wean from mechanical ventilation (F) but had successful weaning (S) on a later occasion. Compared with S, during F patients had greater intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (6.10 ± 2.45 versus 3.83 ± 2.69 cm H2O), dynamic hyperinflation (327 ± 180 versus 213 ± 175 ml), total resistance (Rmax, 14.14 ± 4.95 versus 11.19 ± 4.01 cm H2O/L/s), ratio of mean to maximum inspiratory pressure (0.46 ± 0.1 versus 0.31 ± 0.08), tension time index (TTI, 0.162 ± 0.032 versus 0.102 ± 0.023) and power (315 ± 153 versus 215 ± 75 cm H2O × L/min), less maximum inspiratory pressure (42.3 ± 12.7 versus 53.8 ± 15.1 cm H2O), and a breathing pattern that was more rapid and shallow (ratio of frequency to tidal volume, f/Vt 98 ± 38 versus 62 ± 21 breaths/min/L). To clarify on pathophysiologic grounds what determines inability to wean from mechanical ventilation, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis with the weaning outcome as the dependent variable. The TTI and the f/Vt ratio were the only significant variables in the model. We conclude that the TTI and the f/Vt are the major pathophysiologic determinants underlying the transition from weaning failure to weaning success.
Role of MAP kinases and their cross-talk in TGF-β1-induced apoptosis in FaO rat hepatoma cell line
Authors: Hyun-Jin Park, Byung-Chul Kim, Seong-Jin Kim, Kyeong Sook Choi
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 is a potent inducer of apoptosis in the liver. During TGF-β1-induced apoptosis, 3 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], c-Jun N -terminal kinase [JNK], and p38 kinase) showed simultaneously sustained activation in FaO rat hepatoma cells. TGF-β1-induced apoptosis was markedly enhanced when ERK activation was selectively inhibited by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059. In contrast, both interfering with p38 activity by overexpression of the dominant negative (DN) MKK6 mutant and inhibition of the JNK pathway by overexpression of the DN SEK1 mutant resulted in suppression of mitochondrial cytochrome c release, abrogating TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. In addition, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 blocked mitochondrial cytochrome c release, suppressing TGF-β1-induced activation of JNK and p38. Inhibition of ERK activity enhanced TGF-β1-induced p38 and JNK activation. However, inhibition of the JNK pathway suppressed p38 but induced transient ERK activation. Similarly, interfering with the p38 pathway also attenuated JNK activation but generated transient ERK activation in response to TGF-β1. These results indicate that disrupting one MAP kinase pathway affects the TGF-β1-induced activation of other MAP kinases, suggesting cross-talk among MAP kinase pathways. In conclusion, we propose that the balance and integration of MAP kinase signaling may regulate commitment to TGF-β1-induced apoptosis modulating the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.
Contrasting structure of the saphenous vein and internal mammary artery used as coronary bypass vessels
Authors: Peter B. Canham, Helen M. Finlay, Derek R. Boughner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: To report quantitatively on the three-dimensional layered organization of the collagen and smooth muscle component of the two most successful vessels for coronary bypass—the internal mammary artery (IMA) and the long saphenous vein (SV). Our aim was to provide an explanation for the differential structural stiffness of these two vessels (both functioning at arterial pressures in their new environment), and how they might be susceptible to endothelial thickening. Methods: Eleven human saphenous veins and 23 internal mammary arteries were fixed at arterial distending pressure of 110 mmHg, and were sectioned in cross-section at 7 μm thickness. A subset of these was also sectioned tangentially. Measurements of the three-dimensional alignment of collagen and smooth muscle fibers within the vessel wall were made using polarized light microscopy and the universal stage attachment. Data were plotted and analysed using circular statistics. Results: The IMA, structured like an elastic artery, is dominated by a media with discrete lamellae of wavy collagen and smooth muscle, aligned nearly circumferentially, with a low variability of alignment (mean circular SD 12°). The SV is more variable in its size and structure, characteristically with a narrow circumferential media comprised mostly of collagen which is straightened and highly aligned at arterial pressures (mean circular SD 9°). Circumferential collagen in the vein was often adjacent to longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle and collagen. Conclusions: The strikingly aligned structure of the SV complements the known high mechanical stiffness of this vessel when at arterial distending pressure. The high fraction of longitudinal muscle, in addition to the circumferential muscle cells in the SV make it vulnerable to any pre-implant surgical preparation, and to the cyclical luminal pressures and longitudinal strains characteristic for epicardial arteries.
Blockage of HGF/c-Met system by gene therapy (adenovirus-mediated NK4 gene) suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
Authors: Gakuhei Son, Tadamichi Hirano, Ekihiro Seki, Yuji Iimuro, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Kunio Matsumoto, Toshikazu Nakamura, Jiro Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Fractional Flow Reserve of Infarct-Related Arteries Identifies Reversible Defects on Noninvasive Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Early After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Habib Samady, Wolfgang Lepper, Eric R. Powers, Kevin Wei, Michael Ragosta, Gregory G. Bishop, Ian J. Sarembock, Lawrence Gimple, Denny D. Watson, George A. Beller, Kurt G. Barringhaus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
An Outbreak of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 Infections among Visitors to a Dairy Farm
Authors: John A. Crump, Alana C. Sulka, Adam J. Langer, Chad Schaben, Anita S. Crielly, Robert Gage, Michael Baysinger, Maria Moll, Gisela Withers, Denise M. Toney, Susan B. Hunter, R. Michael Hoekstra, Stephanie K. Wong, Patricia M. Griffin, Thomas J. Van Gilder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. We describe an outbreak among visitors to a Pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals.We conducted both a case-control study among visitors to a farm to identify risk factors for infection and a household survey to determine the rates of diarrheal illness among these visitors. We performed an extensive environmental study to identify sources of E. coli O157:H7 on the farm.Fifty-one patients with confirmed or suspected E. coli O157:H7 infection were enrolled in the case-control study. The median age of the patients was four years, and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome developed in eight. Contact with calves and their environment was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas hand washing was protective. The household survey indicated that visitors to the farm during the outbreak had higher than expected rates of diarrhea. Environmental studies showed that 28 of the 216 cattle on the farm (13 percent) were colonized with E. coli O157:H7 that had the same distinct pattern on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that was found in isolates from the patients. This organism was also recovered from surfaces that were accessible to the public.In a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm, predominantly children, high rates of carriage of E. coli O157:H7 among calves and young cattle most likely resulted in contamination of both the animals' hides and the environment.