tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMMEDIATE PNEUMOCOCCUS TYPING DIRECTLY FROM SPUTUM BY THE NEUFELD REACTION
Authors: ALBERT B. SABIN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In recent years, pneumococcus typing has come to be a frequently performed clinical laboratory procedure. The definite indications for serum therapy in certain cases of lobar pneumonia render the determination of the type of invading pneumococcus essential in every case. The need for a simple, practical, rapid and reliable method has been recognized for a long time. Many methods of pneumococcus typing have been devised, but the one most commonly and successfully used was that in which the peritoneal exudate, obtained from a mouse on an average of from eighteen to twenty-four hours after injection of the sputum, was tested for agglutination with the various typing serums. In 1929, a stained slide microscopic agglutination method1was devised which was relatively more simple and rapid, giving results about three to five hours after injection of the mouse. This method has since been widely and successfully used. My purpose in the
Treatment and outcome of anorexia nervosa.
Authors: P. Dally, W. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Five years ago one of us (W.S.) developed a new method of treatment of anorexia nervosa with large doses of chlor- promazine combined with a modified insulin regimen, and we issued preliminary reports on it (Dally and Sargant, 1960).This combined treatment appeared to be much more effective in rapidly regaining lost weight than any other treatment previously described and was easy to carry out.We have now treated over 50 patients with anorexia nervosa by this method, and they have all regained weight quickly and satisfactorily (Table I).But although regaining lost weight is an essential step in a patient's recovery this does not necessarily bring the trouble to an end.It may do so in some.But it is important to understand that several years' supportive treatment may be required after restoration of weight and that from time to time readmission to hospital is sometimes necessary.TABLE I.-Comparison of Groups A and B Group A (N = 30) Group B (N = 27) Average age at start of illness 19 years 17 years ,, ,, of onset of menarche.. 12-5 years 13 years ,, % standard weight* at onset of illness 93 91 Average time ill before treatment given .16months 12 months Average weight loss ..35i lb. (16-1kg.) 32 lb.(14-5 kg.) Married before onset of symptoms. .2 3 * Standard weight taken from Kemsley's (1952) tables.In order to discover the long-term effect of this combined treatment one of us (P.D.) has followed up all our patients and compared their state now with that of a similar group treated without drugs, or treated by small doses of insulin alone.In this paper we report these findings and the value of chlor- promazine and modified insulin treatment in long-standing cases of anorexia nervosa.
MRC withdraws intercalated degree funds
Authors: P. S Tamber
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Funding for British medical students doing intercalated degrees has been withdrawn by the Medical Research Council for the academic year 1996-7. An intercalated degree is usually done in a basic science in the third year of medical school. The council described the suspension as a money saving measure brought on by its financial situation.

The decision, made by the MRC at the end of March, is part of a long running debate within the council …
Ligation versus propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis
Authors: Michael Schepke, Gerhard Kleber, Dieter Nürnberg, Jörg Willert, Lydia Koch, Wilfried Veltzke-Schlieker, Claus Hellerbrand, Johannes Kuth, Stefan Schanz, Stefan Kahl, Wolfgang E. Fleig, Tilman Sauerbruch
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In this randomized controlled multicenter trial, we compared endoscopic variceal banding ligation (VBL) with propranolol (PPL) for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. One hundred fifty-two cirrhotic patients with 2 or more esophageal varices (diameter >5 mm) without prior bleeding were randomized to VBL (n = 75) or PPL (n = 77). The groups were well matched with respect to baseline characteristics (age 56 +/- 10 years, alcoholic etiology 51%, Child-Pugh score 7.2 +/- 1.8). The mean follow-up was 34 +/- 19 months. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Neither bleeding incidence nor mortality differed significantly between the 2 groups. Variceal bleeding occurred in 25% of the VBL group and in 29% of the PPL group. The actuarial risks of bleeding after 2 years were 20% (VBL) and 18% (PPL). Fatal bleeding was observed in 12% (VBL) and 10% (PPL). It was associated with the ligation procedure in 2 patients (2.6%). Overall mortality was 45% (VBL) and 43% (PPL) with the 2-year actuarial risks being 28% (VBL) and 22% (PPL). 25% of patients withdrew from PPL treatment, 16% due to side effects. In conclusion, VBL and PPL were similarly effective for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. VBL should be offered to patients who are not candidates for long-term PPL treatment.
In Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Using Magnetic Susceptibility Distinguishes Symptom-Producing Plaques
Authors: Subha V. Raman, Marshall W. Winner, Tam Tran, Murugesan Velayutham, Orlando P. Simonetti, Peter B. Baker, John Olesik, Beth McCarthy, Amy K. Ferketich, Jay L. Zweier
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
CHRONIC MUCO-CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS: ASSOCIATED ABNORMALITIES OF IRON METABOLISM
Authors: JANET M. HIGGS, R.S. WELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Forty-six patients with chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis were ascertained and classified into 4 groups on a clinico-genetic basis. One of these groups contains a newly described entity called familial chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis. Tests of specific immune responses, related to lymphocyte function, gave abnormal results in over half the patients investigated, but the range of disturbance of function could not be precisely related to the clinico-genetic classification. Twenty-three out of 31 patients fully investigated showed evidence of iron deficiency as judged by low serum iron and decreased iron stores. Eight had hypochromic anaemia, including all 6 patients in the severely affected group. Nine out of 11 patients treated with iron showed significant clinical improvement and this effect was confirmed by a small controlled trial irrespective of the presence of varied abnormal immunological responses. The possibility is considered that the disturbance of iron metabolism might be the fundamental aetiological factor in many of these patients and that the other abnormalities, such as those of specific immune responses, may be secondary. The hypothesis of a possible link between nutritional factors and the immune response is outlined.
Hyperparathyroidism and Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Carl S. Hoar, Richard Gorlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

PANCREATITIS is one of the more obscure complications of hyperparathyroidism. This fact was emphasized recently by Cope and his associates.1 They described 2 cases and collected 5 others from the world literature. The present case is presumably the eighth to be reported.Case ReportThis was the first Peter Bent Brigham Hospital admission of Mrs. A.N., a 74-year-old woman, whose chief complaint was abdominal pain of 9 hours' duration. On July 3, 1957, constant periumbilical pain with overlays of cramps suddenly developed. This was associated with 4 loose stools but no vomiting, no apparent fever and no pain in the . . .
Abstract 2849: A functional promoter variant (rs2075533 C&amp;gt;T) in <i>TNFSF</i>8 involved in apoptosis contributes to decreased risk of lung cancer — a finding from Texas lung cancer genome-wide association study
Authors: Sheng Wei, Jiangong Niu, Hui Zhao, Zhensheng Liu, Li-E Wang, Younghun Han, Christopher I. Amos, Margaret R. Spitz, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of lung cancer have identified several significant variants associated with risk of lung cancer, few variants in known biological pathways involved in the etiology of lung cancer have been yet implicated. In this study, we further explored the variants in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, a fundamental pathway in lung cancer etiology, in 1,154 lung cancer cases and 1,137 cancer-free controls, all being ever-smokers, from the Texas lung cancer (TLC) GWAS (using the Illumina Human370 chip, in which 611 tagSNPs in 41 genes in the apoptosis extrinsic pathway were included. An association analysis using Plink1.06 showed that 10 of these 611 SNPs were associated with risk of lung cancer with a p value &amp;lt;10−2. Among the tagSNPs with the smallest p values, we selected the TNFSF8 gene for further analysis. To search for the tagged functional SNPs, we applied MACH1.0 to impute 52 additional SNPs in the 48-kb region around TNFSF8 based on the genotypes of 10 tagSNPs from the TLC-GWAS database and the genotypes in the same region from the Hapmap database. With further SNP function prediction analyses using SNPinfo and TFSEARCH bioinformatics software, we found that a SNP, −861 C&amp;gt;T (rs2075533), located in the promoter region of TNFSF8 may be a functional SNP. In subsequent functional validation by the luciferase transfection assay, the T allele of this SNP significantly decreased expression of the luciferase reporter constructs by 5-10 fold in all H1299, Hela and HCT116 cell lines tested, compared with the C allele. Our findings implicated a possible novel role of TNFSF8 in the development of lung cancer. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether TNFSF8 rs2075533 alone or in combination with other SNPs contribute to the risk of lung cancer. (Supported by NIH grants R01CA131274, CA055769, CA127219, and R01ES011740) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2849.
The Health of the President and Presidential Candidates — The Public's Right to Know
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In July 1995, presidential candidate Robert Dole celebrated his 72nd birthday by releasing a detailed nine-page summary of his medical records.1 His personal physician told the press that despite the serious wounds Dole received during World War II, which left his right arm paralyzed and required the removal of one kidney, and despite his 1991 surgery for prostate cancer, his health was “excellent.”1,2 Dole was also photographed on his treadmill.Since 1972, when George McGovern was forced to replace his vice-presidential running mate, Thomas Eagleton, after it was disclosed that Eagleton had been hospitalized for depression, the health status . . .
Serodiagnosis of Invasive Amebiasis Using a Recombinant Entamoeba histolytica Protein
Authors: Samuel L. Stanley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

One hundred eight serum samples from 106 patients were examined by Western blot analysis for the presence of antibodies to a recombinant fusion protein containing the sequence of the newly described serine-rich Entamoeba histolytica protein (SREHP). Among patients with invasive amebiasis from Durban, Republic of South Africa; San Diego, Calif; Mexico City, Mexico; and St Louis, Mo, 53 (82%) of 65 had antibodies to SREHP. In contrast, only one patient (2%) of 43 without acute invasive amebiasis had antibodies to SREHP. The predictive value of a positive test for anti-SREHP antibodies in the detection of acute invasive amebiasis was most marked when analyzed in the patients from Durban, where 11 (92%) of 12 patients who were seropositive for SREHP had acute invasive amebiasis vs 17 (65%) of 26 patients who had a positive serologic diagnosis as determined by agar gel diffusion. The use of a serologic test based on the recombinant SREHP fusion protein may be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of acute invasive amebiasis in endemic regions.
THE TEMPERATURE OF ACUTELY INFLAMED PERIPHERAL TISSUE
Authors: Mario Segàle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The experiments set forth here establish the fact that the heat of the inflamed part has its origin primarily in the local biochemical activity of the cellular elements which participate in the inflammatory process. The inflammatory hyperemia, instead of being the necessary and constant source of the inflammation must be considered a natural physiological compensation for the abnormal local calorification. The rapid circulation of the blood in the inflamed part tends to moderate the increase in local temperature and to equalize the temperature with that of other parts of the body.
Revised Definitions of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes: Closer to the Reality?
Authors: Mathieu Bastard, Maryline Bonnet, Philipp du Cros, Atadjan Karimovich Khamraev, Armen Hayrapetyan, Kamene Kimenye, Shazina Khurkhumal, Themba Dlamini, Alex Telnov, Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla, Cathy Hewison, Francis Varaine
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in aboriginal peoples of Taiwan, 2006–2011
Authors: Yih-Yuan Chen, Jia-Ru Chang, Wei-Feng Huang, Shu-Chen Kuo, Jun-Jun Yeh, Jen-Jyh Lee, Chang-Sheng Jang, Jun-Ren Sun, Tzong-Shi Chiueh, Ih-Jen Su, Horng-Yunn Dou
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
INHIBITION OF RELEASE OF VACCINIA VIRUS BY N1-ISONICOTINOYL-N2-3-METHYL-4-CHLOROBENZOYLHYDRAZINE
Authors: Nobuo Kato, Hans J. Eggers, Heinrich Rolly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

N1-isonicotinoyl-N2-3-methyl-4-chlorobenzoylhydrazine (IMCBH) is a selective inhibitor of vaccinia virus multiplication. In concentrations up to 50 µg/ml, IMCBH causes neither toxic morphologic changes, nor does it inhibit the multiplication of cells. Viruses other than vaccinia are not affected by IMCBH. The virus-inhibitory effect of IMCBH is dependent on the type of host cell used, i.e., the compound is effective in chick embryo fibroblasts and monkey kidney cells but not in L cells. IMCBH does not exhibit any protecting effect on vaccinia virus-infected mice or rabbits. IMCBH interferes with virus release: in single cycle experiments in chick embryo fibroblasts, IMCBH strongly blocks the release of vaccinia virus at concentrations as low as 3 µg/ml, while intracellular virus synthesis is hardly affected. Viral cytopathic changes are completely suppressed by IMCBH within the span of a single cycle infection, although extensive changes eventually occur. By inhibiting virus release from initially infected cells, IMCBH markedly inhibits the multiplication of vaccinia virus in cell cultures infected at low virus/ cell multiplicities. IMCBH does not inhibit the early toxic cytopathic changes induced by large inocula of vaccinia virus in BHK21 cells.
Continuous measurement of peripheral vascular conductance
Authors: V. C. ROBERTS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Continuous measurement of peripheral vascular conductance Get access V. C. ROBERTS V. C. ROBERTS From King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 4, July 1972, Pages 439–443, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.4.439 Published: 01 July 1972
Early release of neutrophil chemotactic factor from isolated rat heart subjected to regional ischaemia followed by reperfusion
Authors: M. Senoh, N. Aosaki, F. Ohsuzu, H. Nakamura, K. Minezaki, C. Tuji, H. Nakazawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The study was designed to demonstrate the time course of neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) release from blood-free isolated rat hearts and to clarify the characteristics of NCF in order to facilitate its identification. Methods: Coronary effluents were collected every minute from Langendorff perfused rat hearts during ligation of the left coronary artery for 40 min and reperfusion for 60 min. The neutrophil chemotactic activity in the effluents was assayed using modified Boyden's chambers with rat neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood as the indicator cells. Results: The NCF release started at 10 min of coronary artery occlusion. During the reperfusion period, NCF release peaked at 5 min (230% of preischaemic value). To clarify the characteristics of NCF, the changes in chemotactic activity were examined using various inhibitors and inactivators of possible NCF candidates (LTB4, PAF, 5-lipoxygenase, and thromboxane synthase). The heat stability of NCF was also examined to exclude heat labile molecules such as adenosine or complements appearing as NCF. Among the various substances examined, only PAF antagonists (CV-6209 and TCV-309 at concentrations of 10−6 M and 10−6 M respectively) abolished the chemotactic activity. However direct measurement of PAF in the effluents was unsuccessful. Conclusion: NCF is released from the heart early after ischaemic insult, with the highest peak occurring at 5 min of reperfusion. PAF related substances might be the primary NCF in the effluent but this remains to be determined. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:2194-2199
Air Pollution and Stillbirth: A Population-Based Case–Control Study in Taiwan
Authors: Bing-Fang Hwang, Yungling Leo Lee, Jouni J.K. Jaakkola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

There is limited evidence suggesting that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants may increase the risk of stillbirth, but previous epidemiological studies have not elaborated the most susceptible gestational period for the effects of air pollution exposure on stillbirth.We estimated associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and stillbirth, with special reference to the assessment of gestational periods when the fetus is most susceptible.We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. The case group consisted of 9,325 stillbirths, and the control group included 93,250 births randomly selected from 1,510,064 Taiwanese singleton newborns in 2001-2007. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per 10-ppb change for ozone and nitrogen dioxide, 1-ppb change for sulfur dioxide (SO2), 10-μg/m3 change for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), and 100-ppb change for carbon monoxide during different gestational periods and according to term or preterm (< 37 weeks) birth status.Stillbirth increased in association with a 1-ppb increase in first-trimester SO2 [adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-1.04], particularly among preterm births (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07). Stillbirth was also associated with a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 during the first (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05) and second (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) month of gestation, and, as with SO2, associations appeared to be restricted to preterm births (first-trimester adjusted OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07).The study provides evidence that exposure to outdoor air SO2 and PM10 may increase the risk of stillbirth, especially among preterm births, and that the most susceptible time periods for exposure are during the first trimester of gestation.
WHO European region commits to new health charter
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A European health charter was adopted last week by health ministers from the 53 countries of the European region of the World Health Organization, together with the WHO itself, the World Bank, Unicef, the International Organization for Migration, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria.

The formal commitment to the charter was made at the end of a three day conference on health systems, health, and wealth, held in Tallinn, Estonia, on 25-27 June.

The charter enshrines a commitment to strengthen the region’s health systems and make them more accountable. It also commits member states to making their health systems more responsive to people’s needs, particularly poor and vulnerable people.

The charter is based on three central tenets. Firstly, investing in health systems not only improves health and social …
Depression and Human Existence
Authors: H. Keith Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The editors and 15 contributors have achieved a stimulating, informative, and provocative collaborative effort in describing clinical and personality factors and in placing the sources of depression in the lap of human existence itself. In part 1, neurochemical, cultural, and social factors are summarized and reviewed. But the main contributions of the book are in the theoretical and abundant clinical observations and suggestions that make up the rest of the volume. Part 2 consists of five chapters on the genesis of psychoanalytic concepts relating to depression. Part 3 relates depressive manifestations to life cycle states and dynamics and adds views on anniversary relationships, psychological defenses, and finally, anhedonia and depression in schizophrenia. Part 4 discusses treatment, including psychotherapy with psychoenergizers and psychoanalytic treatments. In part 5, Basch theorizes about depression. Depression occurs throughout human existence. Depression is traced to intrauterine factors (Basch), "depressive position" (Klein), "basic depressive mood" (Mahler), and
Early Life Environmental Control
Authors: Ashley Woodcock, Lesley A. Lowe, Clare S. Murray, Bridget M. Simpson, Spyros D. Pipis, Patricia Kissen, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We investigated whether environmental control during pregnancy and early life affects sensitization and lung function at the age of 3 years. High-risk children (n = 251) were prenatally randomized to stringent environmental control (active) or no intervention (control). Questionnaires, skin testing, IgE, and specific airway resistance (sRaw) measurement were completed at the age of 3 years. Children in the active group were significantly more frequently sensitized compared with control subjects (at least one allergen by skin tests: risk ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.55; p = 0.04; mite by IgE: risk ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.02-7.97; p = 0.05). However, sRaw was significantly better in the active group (kiloPascal/second, geometric mean [95% CI]: 1.05 [1.01-1.10] vs. 1.19 [1.13-1.25], p < 0.0001, active vs. control). Maximal flow at functional residual capacity was measured using rapid thoracic compression at the age of 4 weeks in a subgroup. Prospective lung function data (at infancy and 3 years) were obtained in 32 children (14 active and 18 control). There was no difference in infant lung function between the groups, but at 3 years, sRaw was significantly lower in the active compared with control children (p = 0.003). Stringent environmental control was associated with increased risk of mite sensitization but better results for some measurements of lung function in high-risk children at the age of 3 years.
Potent antimyeloma activity of the novel bromodomain inhibitors I-BET151 and I-BET762
Authors: Aristeidis Chaidos, Valentina Caputo, Katerina Gouvedenou, Binbin Liu, Ilaria Marigo, Mohammed Suhail Chaudhry, Antonia Rotolo, David F. Tough, Nicholas N. Smithers, Anna K. Bassil, Trevor D. Chapman, Nicola R. Harker, Olena Barbash, Peter Tummino, Niam Al-Mahdi, Andrea C. Haynes, Leanne Cutler, BaoChau Le, Amin Rahemtulla, Irene Roberts, Maurits Kleijnen, Jason J. Witherington, Nigel J. Parr, Rab K. Prinjha, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2013)
Possible role of HLA-B27 associated cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in the pathogenesis of the seronegative arthropathies.
Authors: A.F Geczy, J.S Sullivan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Possible role of HLA-B27 associated cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in the pathogenesis of the seronegative arthropathiesThe remarkable association between HLA-B27 and the seronegative arthropathies (ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, reactive arthritis) which was uncovered more than 20 years ago,' promised to shed light on the patho- on August 12, 2023 by guest.