tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contribution of prostaglandins to muscle blood flow in anesthetized dogs at rest, during exercise, and following inflow occlusion.
Authors: O Beaty, D E Donald
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The role of locally formed cyclo-oxygenase products (endoperoxide intermediates, prostaglandins, or prostacyclins) in resistance to blood flow was studied in the hindlimbs of anesthetized dogs during rest, during exercise, and following release of inflow occlusion. Meclofenamic acid, indomethacin, or sodium meclofenamate reduced mean resting blood flows of 86, 113, and 118 ml/min to 54, 82, and 67 ml/min, respectively. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis reduced the vasodilator response to arachidonic acid by 81%. In addition, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors attenuated the hyperemic responses following inflow occlusions in the resting hindlimb. The attenuation was most marked following a 1-second occlusion (74%) and progressively less following a 10-second (44%) and a 300-second (24%) occlusion. However, the portion of the total postocclusive hyperemic response attributable to prostaglandins was constant and independent of occlusion duration. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis did not affect the hyperemia of exercise, but reduced significantly the postocclusion hyperemia that followed the release of a 1-second (63%) and a 2-second (43%) period of inflow occlusion in the exercising hindlimb; attenuation was minor following a 10-second occlusion (10%). In three of four exercising hindlimbs, the portion of the postocclusion hyperemia attributable to prostaglandins was inversely related to the duration of the occlusion. These data indicate that locally synthesized cyclo-oxygenase products, possibly prostaglandins, are important in the maintenance of blood flow in resting but not exercising muscle, contribute significantly to postocclusive hyperemia in resting and exercising hindlimbs, and mediate the hyperemia that follows occlusions of 5 seconds or less in resting and 2 seconds or less in exercising hindlimbs.
Disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection with severe hypercalcaemia in a failed renal transplant recipient
Authors: J-H. Lin, W. Chen, J.Y-Y. Lee, J-J. Yan, J-J. Huang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Mycobacterium haemophilum was first identified in 1978 from ulcerating skin lesions in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.1 More than 120 cases have been reported, mostly in immunocompromised hosts such as AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients.2 As it is a fastidious organism with unique growth requirements, M. haemophilum infection is usually underdiagnosed.3 We report a disseminated cutaneous M. haemophilum infection in a renal transplant recipient who had chronic graft rejection necessitating haemodialysis. Extensive cutaneous involvement and associated severe hypercalcaemia were noteworthy features. A 44‐year‐old Taiwanese man presented to our Dermatology Clinics in October 2000 with a 10‐week history of progressive generalized asymptomatic skin rash, swelling of the left eyelids and arthralgia. He had been on long‐term multiple immunosuppressants since cadaveric renal transplantation in November 1991 due to end‐stage renal failure. In August 2000, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued because of graft failure, and he resumed haemodialysis with normal calcium dialysate (Ca 2·5 mEq L−1). From July 2000, calcium carbonate 1·5 g three times daily was prescribed, and in October the serum calcium rose to 11·9 mg dL−1 (normal 8·1–10·1).
The Treatment of Sleep Apnea-Reply
Authors: Jesse B. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Mr Miller's letter appropriately emphasizes the imperfections of tracheostomy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Patient and physician dissatisfaction with this intervention has prompted investigation of a number of alternative therapies for this disorder, including nocturnal CPAP.  While the therapeutic regimen outlined by Mr Miller, which includes a sleep laboratory CPAP polysomnogram followed by home administration of CPAP and follow-up evaluations at three-month intervals, is appropriate for patients with mild obstructive apnea, it is difficult to apply to the subset of patients described in my article with hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and corpulmonale often requiring intensive care unit management with intubation and mechanical ventilation. During the period of time necessary to stabilize such severely affected patients, often requiring days to several weeks, it is difficult to manage them safely with CPAP by nasal device or mask. In this group, the severity of cardiopulmonary dysfunction warrants
THE EFFECT OF PROTOVERATRINE ON THE CARDIAC OUTPUT AND ON SOME REGIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN MAN 1
Authors: S. W. Hoobler, T. G. Kabza, R. W. Corley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Protoveratrine is a mixture of two purified alka- loids derived from veratrum album.According to Meilman and Krayer (1) it has a marked and re- producible depressor effect when given intrave- nously to hypertensive patients.This effect has been confirmed (2) and the drug has been ad- ministered in the long term management of se- vere hypertension (3).It therefore becomes im- portant to know whether the depressor action of Protoveratrine 3 is a result of a reduction in car- diac output, or of a decrease in total peripheral resistance, and if the latter, what vascular area is chiefly involved.Observations bearing on these questions are presented herewith. METHODSThe Protoveratrine was prepared for intravenous ad- ministration according to the method of Meilman and Krayer (1).Subjects were patients with essential or renal hypertension under the age of 50 and with casual diastolic blood pressures exceeding 110 mm. of mercury.Except where indicated, they had not undergone supra- diaphragmatic sympathectomy.The cardiac output was determined by the direct Fick method, the mixed venous sample being obtained in all instances from the pulmonary artery.Blood gas analyses were determined by the Hickam and Frayser technique (4) and expired air was collected over 1to 2-minute periods in a spirometer and meas- ured by a Beckman oxygen analyzer.Renal studies were performed by the usual clearance techniques, utilizing para-amino-hippurate and mannitol (5, 6).Peripheral blood flow was measured by the venous occlusion plethysmograph following the technique outlined by Abramson (7).
Malaria treatment should begin with parasitological diagnosis where possible, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A1 Geneva

New guidance on the treatment of malaria released by the World Health Organization on 9 March recommends parasitological testing before treatment begins and adds a new artemisinin based combination treatment to the list of prescribed drugs.

The new guidelines are expected to enhance earlier and accurate diagnosis, halt the emergence of drug resistance, and reduce the use of unnecessary treatment.

Each year sees nearly 250 million cases of malaria and 860 000 deaths. About 85% of these deaths are of children, and most occur in Africa, says WHO.

The agency also released its first ever guidelines for good practice in the procurement and purchase of antimalarials. The guidelines are based on evidence of efficacy and safety and meet international standards.

“Prompt parasitological confirmation by microscopy or alternatively by RDTs [rapid diagnostic tests] is …
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Overexpression Suppresses Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Multiple Myeloma Cells
Authors: Tatiana M. Garcia-Bates, Steven H. Bernstein, Richard P. Phipps
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates immune and inflammatory responses. Our laboratory has shown that normal and malignant B cells, including multiple myeloma, express PPARγ. Moreover, certain PPARγ ligands can induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Because PPARγ ligands can also have PPARγ-independent effects, the role of PPARγ in B-cell malignancies remains poorly understood. To further understand the role of PPARγ, we examined the functional consequences of its overexpression in human multiple myeloma. Experimental Design: In the present work, we developed a lentiviral vector for PPARγ gene delivery. We transduced multiple myeloma cells with a lentivirus-expressing PPARγ and studied the involvement of this receptor on cell growth and viability. Results: PPARγ overexpression decreased multiple myeloma cell proliferation and induced spontaneous apoptosis even in the absence of exogenous ligand. These PPARγ-overexpressing cells were dramatically more sensitive to PPARγ ligand-induced apoptosis compared with uninfected or LV-empty-infected cells. Apoptosis was associated with the down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and myeloid cell leukemia-1 as well as induction of caspase-3 activity. Importantly, PPARγ overexpression-induced cell death was not abrogated by coincubation with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), which are known to protect multiple myeloma cells from apoptosis. Additionally, PPARγ overexpression in multiple myeloma or BMSC inhibited both basal and multiple myeloma-induced interleukin-6 production by BMSC. Conclusions: Our results indicate that PPARγ negatively controls multiple myeloma growth and viability in part through inhibition of interleukin-6 production by BMSC. As such, PPARγ is a viable therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
Abstract 3794: BAX maintains mitochondrial bioenergetics in colon cancer cells
Authors: Rebecca J. Boohaker, Ge Zhang, Adina L. Carlson, Kathleen N. Nemec, Annette R. Khaled
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The dual functionality of the tumor suppressor, BAX, is implied by the non-apoptotic functions of other pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. To explore this, the mitochondrial morphology and ATP producing capability in both BAX-containing and BAX-deficient HCT-116 colon cancer cells were examined. While BAX deficient cells maintain the same mitochondrial mass as their BAX containing counterparts, these mitochondria were visibly smaller, more compact, and unable to maintain an organized network. Oxygen consumption and ATP levels were also reduced in these cells, a phenomenon that was replicated upon treatment of BAX-containing cells with the uncoupling agent, FCCP. These results, coupled with a marked decrease in citrate synthase activity, suggested that cells lacking BAX have a deficiency in the ability to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of endogenous BAX through treatment with small interfering RNAs reinforced the necessity of BAX activity in the maintenance of aerobic respiration and the production of ATP. An examination of the localization of full length and C-terminal truncated BAX in non-apoptotic, BAX deficient cells, indicated that a small fraction of the existing cytosolic BAX is needed at the mitochondrial membrane to maintain ATP production. However, this function is not dependent upon the C-terminal helix. Co-expression of BAX and BCL-2 resulted in a subsequent loss of ATP production, implying that, even under non-apoptotic conditions, an antagonistic interaction exists between the two proteins. These findings infer that a basal amount of BAX associated with the mitochondria is necessary to maintain mitochondrial bioenergetics. The discovery of this novel, non-apoptotic role for BAX in the maintenance of ATP synthesis and suggests that complete abrogation of BAX would be detrimental to cancer cells dependent on energy production via aerobic respiration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3794. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3794
Association between Bovine Collagen Dermal Implants and a Dermatomyositis or a Polymyositis-like Syndrome
Authors: Jean Cukier, Richard A. Beauchamp, Joseph S. Spindler, Sarah Spindler, Carlos Lorenzo, David E. Trentham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine whether an excess incidence of dermatomyositis or polymyositis or both exist in patients treated with injectable bovine collagen implants and to characterize the clinical picture. Design: Historical cohort study (July 1980 through June 1988). Patients: Patients were identified from personal experience or adverse reaction reports received by the manufacturer. Setting: An 8-year period in the United States during which approximately 345 000 patients received implants. Results: Eight patients with dermatomyositis and an additional patient with polymyositis were identified from approximately 345 000 patients receiving injectable bovine collagen implants from July 1980 through June 1988. The nine patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis were diagnosed an average of 6.4 months (range, 0.7 to 24.9 months) after collagen implant or skin test exposure or both. Eight of the nine patients had a delayed-type hypersensitivity response at the test or treatment sites or both, and five of six patients tested were found to have increased serum antibodies to collagen. Compared with the general population, the incidence of dermatomyositis or polymyositis among collagen-treated patients was statistically increased (standardized incidence ratio, 5.05; 95% CI, 2.31 to 9.59; P < 0.0001). A similar analysis of the eight dermatomyositis case patients produced a standardized incidence ratio of 18.8 (CI, 8.1 to 37.0; P < 0.0001). Using a Monte Carlo simulation, an interval of 6.4 months or less from exposure to onset of disease was found to be an extremely rare event, occurring less than 72 times per one million simulation trials (CI, 57 to 91). Conclusions: Because these data suggest that an immunologic response to bovine type I or type III collagen or both caused this dermatomyositis or polymyositis-like syndrome, the risks versus benefits for the cosmetic use of collagen implants should be reassessed.
Pleural Effusion: A Diagnostic Dilemma-Reply
Authors: Donald D. Storey
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The cost-effective philosophy is really the central issue in our article, and we do not feel that this approach to the management of pleural effusions is detrimental to patient care. Our data suggest that a physician is not being fooled very often. For instance, our culture results suggest a low rate of positive findings; yet most physicians might think it irresponsible not to order cultures on every pleural fluid specimen. If the physician feels compelled never to be fooled, then he will have to order every known test available on a pleural fluid specimen. We know this would greatly increase cost, but suspect that it would not improve the diagnositc yield. Concerning pleural fluid pH, we did not mention this in our article because we have no great experience with the technique as yet. Again, we believe this test is indicated in specific situations (ie, parapneumonic effusions) and
LV systolic impairment in patients with asymptomatic coronary heart disease and type 1 diabetes is related to coronary atherosclerosis, glycaemic control and advanced glycation endproducts
Authors: Kjetil Steine, Jakob R. Larsen, Marie Stugaard, Tore Julsrud Berg, Magne Brekke, Knut Dahl‐Jørgensen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Abstract 2460: Extracellular matrix protein expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Tingting Wang, Tiannan Guo, Siu Kwan Sze, Mikael Hartman, Shaik Ahmad Buhari, Ching-Wan Chan, Philip Iau, Lay Wai Khin, Nakul Saxena, Andrea Wong, Sing-Huang Tan, Boon-Cher Goh, Soo-Chin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Extracellular matrix protein expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer Purpose: Biomarkers to predict sensitivity and resistance to chemotherapy are still lacking. A recent study reported that stromal gene signatures in breast cancer may predict chemoresistance. We aim to determine the changes of 5 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Experimental design: 100 female patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer were treated with 6 cycles of pre-operative alternating sequential doxorubicin and docetaxel. Immunohistochemistry staining for thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), tenascin C (TNC), fibronectin (FN), smooth muscle actin-α (α-SMA) and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was performed on pre- and post-treatment core biopsies, and correlated with estrogen receptor status, intrinsic chemotherapy response, pathological lymph node involvement and survival. Changes in THBS1 and TNC in relation to chemoresponse was additionally evaluated with mass spectrometry, and further validated with immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 31 breast cancer patients. Results: High baseline THBS1 and SPARC and high post-treatment α-SMA expression were associated with poor overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.05 for each marker). High expression of combined baseline ECM proteins was an independent predictor for poor progression-free survival (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.06-4.64, p=0.034) and overall survival (HR 5.94, 95% CI 2.25-15.71, p&amp;lt;0.001). After 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy, increased expression of THBS1 and TNC compared to baseline was seen in intrinsically resistant tumors (p&amp;lt;0.05 for both), and in patients with pathological lymph node involvement (p&amp;lt;0.05 for both), but not in sensitive ones. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed &amp;gt;2 fold increase in THBS1 and TNC expression compared to baseline in tumors that were intrinsically resistant to doxorubicin relative to sensitive ones. The association between THBS1 and TNC immunohistochemistry changes and chemotherapy resistance was confirmed in the validation cohort. Conclusions: Up-regulation in ECM proteins after chemotherapy was associated with clinical and pathological response to doxorubicin- and docetaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Assessment of these proteins may uncover strategies to overcome drug resistance. Key words: ECM proteins, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, breast cancer, drug resistance Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2460. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2460
Hospital building in the NHS. Ideas and designs II: harness and nucleus.
Authors: J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1984)

While East Anglia was busily producing best buy hospitals, on the other side of the country the Oxford region was pursuing its own form of standardisation.The DHSS has consistently tried to ......... standardise elements like operational policies, briefing data, and room data, leaving the actual design to the architects.Oxford has taken the opposite approach.The Oxford method is systems building.It comprises a set of building parts and components that 1513
Pharmacologic Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Christian Oosterbosch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Review by Dr Baker and colleagues<sup>1</sup>regarding pharmacologic treatment of heart failure is interesting for general practitioners in Belgium. However, I was amazed to find the following recommendation in this article: "Fourth, hospitalize the patient and institute intravenous inotropic therapy such as intravenous dobutamine to increase renal blood flow and facilitate diuresis," but no mention for or against oral therapy with ibopamine. Several recent publications have spoken in favor of oral ibopamine use, even during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment.<sup>2-4</sup>
Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: Showkat Ali Zargar, Gul Javid, Bashir Ahmad Khan, Ghulam Nabi Yattoo, Altaf Hussain Shah, Ghulam Mohammad Gulzar, Jaswinder Singh, Bilal-ul Rehman, Ziaud Din
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for bleeding esophageal varices, but it is associated with significant complications. Endoscopic ligation, a new form of endoscopic treatment for bleeding varices, has been shown to be superior to sclerotherapy in adult patients with cirrhosis. To determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy and ligation, the 2 methods were compared in a randomized control trial in 49 children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction who had proven bleeding from esophageal varices. Twenty-four patients were treated with sclerotherapy and 25 with band ligation. No significant differences were found between the sclerotherapy and ligation groups in arresting active index bleeding (100% each) and achieving variceal eradication (91.7% vs. 96%, P =.61). Band ligation eradicated varices in fewer endoscopic sessions than did sclerotherapy (3.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.7, respectively, P <.0001). The rebleeding rate was significantly higher in the sclerotherapy group (25% vs. 4%, P =.049), as was the rate of major complications (25% vs. 4%, P =.049). After eradication, esophageal variceal recurrence was not significantly different in patients treated by ligation than by sclerotherapy (17.4% vs. 10%, P =.67). In conclusion, variceal band ligation in children is a safe and effective technique that achieves variceal eradication more quickly, with a lower rebleeding rate and fewer complications compared with sclerotherapy.
Is mental imagery prominently visual?
Authors: Marta Olivetti Belardinelli, Rosalia Di Matteo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Neuroimaging and psychophysiological techniques have proved to be useful in comprehending the extent to which the visual modality is pervasive in mental imagery, and in comprehending the specificity of images generated through other sensory modalities. Although further research is needed to understand the nature of mental images, data attained by means of these techniques suggest that mental imagery requires at least two distinct processing components.
A 50-year-old man with bilateral pulmonary tumours
Authors: P-Y Lin, J-S Chen, S-C Ku, M-Z Wu, C-J Yu, P-C Yang
Journal: Thorax (2008)

A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with left chest discomfort.There was no cough, dyspnoea or constitutional symptoms.The family history and past medical history were unremarkable except for vertical hepatitis B infection at birth, with a current status of positive hepatitis B surface antibody and negative hepatitis B surface antigen.