tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIATION OF ACTIVE LUNG TUMORS FROM POSTTREATMENT CHANGES USING “F-FDG PET
Authors: E. E. Kim, M. Korkmaz, F. Wong, D. Podoloff, W-H Wong, R. S. Tilbury, T. P. Haynie, J. Lee, J. Putnam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Kim, E. E.; Korkmaz, M.; Wong, F.; Podoloff, D.; Wong, W-H; Tilbury, R. S.; Haynie, T. P.; Lee, J.; Putnam, J. Author Information
91 FRATRICIDE OF HBV-SPECIFIC CD8 T CELLS BY NK CELLS MEDIATED THROUGH THE TRAIL PATHWAY
Authors: D. Peppa, L. Micco, A. Schurich, G. Nebbia, P. Khanna, H. Singh, W. Rosenberg, G. Dusheiko, R. Gilson, M. Maini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The Troubled Calling: Crisis in the Medical Establishment
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Few physicians will have the patience to read to the end this shrill diatribe against the medical profession in general and the American Medical Association in particular. The author,  veteran medical reporter for theProvidence(Rhode Island)Journal, weakens his case fundamentally in two ways: first, he fails to give his credentials, and, second, he fails to document his statements. The reader is given no reason to believe that the author is qualified to criticize, as he does, every facet of modern American medicine. The source of a quotation is occasionally named, but at least as many statements are attributed to unnamed authorities or to competent opinion. There are no bibliographic references, even for economic and other factual material, so that the reader is given no opportunity to judge the evidence for himself. Journalistic faults abound, among them exaggerated language, quotation out of context, and argumentum ad hominem.  Mr.
Corporate hijacking of food is the most important health hazard of our time
Authors: D. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Globalisation of agricultural and food production will lead to further hunger and malnutrition in the world and represents the most important health hazard of our time, Dr Vandana Shiva, founder of the Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Ecology, told a London audience this week.

The foundation, which is based in New Delhi, is dedicated to independent research, and, in partnership with local communities and social movements, tries to tackle current ecological and social …
Hyperglucagonaemia and necrolytic migratory erythema in cirrhosis—possible pseudoglucagonoma syndrome*
Authors: JOHN A. DOYLE, ARNOLD L. SCHROETER, ROY S. ROGERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Necrolytic migratory erythema is the distinctive cutaneous eruption seen with glucagon-producing tumours of the pancreas. Recognition of this eruption is important because it may lead to the early diagnosis of a glucagonoma. Recently, we saw a patient who had necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonaemia, and cirrhosis of the liver with no evidence of pancreatic tumour while alive or at autopsy. Serum glucagon levels during the period of observation and during an oral glucose tolerance test suggested that the hyperglucagonaemia was not due to an occult glucagon-producing tumour but may have been the result of advanced hepatic cirrhosis.
Lymphocyte cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis: effect of therapy and correlations with clinical and histological changes.
Authors: A M Cochrane, A Moussouros, A Smith, B Portmann, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1978)

A study of lymphocyte cytotoxicity for rabbit hepatocyte cultures in 15 patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis showed positive results in all cases, both HBsAg positive and negative. After immunosuppressive therapy cytotoxicity became negative and remained negative, in four of nine patients followed serially. In 51 patients established on therapy for periods from three months to 12 years, cytotoxicity was negative in 19 and all patients are currently alive. However, in the remaining 32 patients in whom cytotoxicity was positive there has been a 34% mortality. Cytotoxicity remained persistently positive in 12 of 15 patients followed serially, and persistently negative in seven of nine. Cytotoxicity showed a significant association with histological disease activity, especially the extent of piecemeal necrosis, but not with biochemical tests of liver function, immunoglobulins, or autoantibodies. The basis of this cytotoxicity test is an antibody dependent cell-mediated autoimmune reaction directed against a liver specific protein, and the results suggest that in some cases immunosuppressive therapy is followed by control of this reaction. It may be possible to stop therapy in these patients, but in those in whom the reaction continues, as shown by continuing cytotoxicity, the prognosis is not as good and the use of other drug schedules would seem worthy of trial.
A Comprehensive Functional Analysis of Ancestral Human Signal Peptides
Authors: M. Gralle, S. Paabo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

With the sequencing of the Neandertal genome, it has become possible to identify amino acid substitutions that occurred on the human lineage since its separation from the Neandertal lineage. Conceptually, it will therefore be possible to functionally analyze all such amino acid substitutions in the future. Here, we analyze the function of substitutions that occurred during recent human evolution in N-terminal signal peptides. We develop a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay to analyze signal peptide efficiency as the ratio of surface to total reporter protein per live cell. Such ratios differed significantly among signal peptides derived from different human genes. However, no modern human signal peptide differed significantly from its ancestral counterpart, an observation compatible with the predictions of the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
Lung Cancer Mortality in the Mayo Lung Project: Impact of Extended Follow-up
Authors: P. M. Marcus, E. J. Bergstralh, R. M. Fagerstrom, D. E. Williams, R. Fontana, W. F. Taylor, P. C. Prorok
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: The Mayo Lung Project (MLP) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial of lung cancer screening that was conducted in 9211 male smokers between 1971 and 1983. The intervention arm was offered chest x-ray and sputum cytology every 4 months for 6 years; the usual-care arm was advised at trial entry to receive the same tests annually. No lung cancer mortality benefit was evident at the end of the study. We have extended follow-up through 1996. Methods: A National Death Index–PLUS search was used to assign vital status and date and cause of death for 6523 participants with unknown information. The median survival for lung cancer patients diagnosed before July 1, 1983, was calculated by use of Kaplan–Meier estimates. Survival curves were compared with the log-rank test. Results: The median follow-up time was 20.5 years. Lung cancer mortality was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.9–4.9) deaths per 1000 person-years in the intervention arm and 3.9 (95% CI = 3.5–4.4) in the usual-care arm (two-sided P for difference = .09). For participants diagnosed with lung cancer before July 1, 1983, survival was better in the intervention arm (two-sided P = .0039). The median survival for patients with resected early-stage disease was 16.0 years in the intervention arm versus 5.0 years in the usual-care arm. Conclusions: Extended follow-up of MLP participants did not reveal a lung cancer mortality reduction for the intervention arm. Similar mortality but better survival for individuals in the intervention arm indicates that some lesions with limited clinical relevance may have been identified in the intervention arm.
STUDIES ON THE INITIATION OF BLOOD COAGULATION. II. AN ANTICOAGULANT INHIBITING THE ACTIVATION OF A PLASMA THROMBOPLASTIC FACTOR 1
Authors: C. Lockard Conley, Oscar D. Ratnoff, Charles E. Ellicott, Robert C. Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

hemorrhagic manifestations. The patient had three spontaneous abortions at ages 21, 23, and 30 years. and she was delivered of normal children at the ages of 23 and 32. Following the third abortion the patient bled profusely and was transfused with 500 cc. of whole blood. Since that time she had had persistent evidence of a hemorrhagic diathesis with vaginal bleeding, cutaneous ecchymoses, deforming hemarthroses, bleeding gums, and hemorrhage following tooth extractions. She had been treated elsewhere without benefit with multiple blood transfusions, antihemophilic globulin, splenic irradiation, protamine sulfate, Rutarbin, Koagamin, and ovarian irradiation. On physical examination the findings of note were cutaneous ecchymoses, and limitation of motion and deformity of several of the large joints attributable to old hemarthroses. The remainder of the physical examination was not remarkable. The whole blood clotting time was prolonged to between three and five hours, but the prothrombin time was normal.
THE VALUE OF THE KAHN PRECIPITATION TEST FOR SYPHILIS
Authors: H. K. DETWEILER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Owing to the difficult and time-consuming technic and to the existence of a very small but real element of error in the Wassermann test, investigators have been searching for years for a diagnostic method for syphilis which would prove still more accurate and less laborious. Most of these efforts have centered around a flocculation or precipitation phenomenon, which occurs as a colloidal reaction in connection with mixtures of certain antigens and syphilitic serums. Space does not permit a discussion of the various methods brought forward to date. It will suffice to say that the precipitation test proposed by Kahn<sup>1</sup>offers certain advantages over the others in the matter of ease of performance and interpretation and possibly in accuracy. Our experience, as well as that of Keim and Wile<sup>2</sup>leads us to believe that more attention should be given this method, and the present critical analysis of our results
Disseminated Cryptococcus Treated With Transfer Factor
Authors: Peter A. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Cardiac toxic reactions and pulmonary consolidation in the left lower lobe developed in a patient who was receiving amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. Following surgical resection of the lobe, multiple subcutaneous cryptococcal abscesses appeared. Flucytosine administered intravenously failed to eradicate the lesions. Transfer factor therapy and multiple drainage procedures elimniated the skin abscesses. Transfer factor therapy was administered for one year; the patient was asymptomatic 16 months after therapy was discontinued.
THE NEW HYGIENE.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON HYGIENE AND SANITARY SCIENCE, AT THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, BOSTON, JUNE 5-8, 1906.
Authors: DENSLOW LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A real advancement of our civilization must imply additional knowledge and increased altruism. A progressive evolution should mean a new and more comprehensive understanding of the truth, a more thorough realization of responsibility and opportunity, a more earnest desire for achievement, a more rational endeavor to secure definite results, and, at the same time, a more consistent appreciation of the value of exact justice. Man changes by virtue of development and environment, but the primitive impulses are subject to but slight modifications in the course of ages, and the animal part of his nature remains essentially what it has always been. This fact is not necessarily deplorable. No victory is possible without an adversary, no success is worthy without struggle. <h3>BIRTH OF THE NEW HYGIENE.</h3> Notwithstanding all philosophic inquiry, the great scheme of life still remains unknown and perhaps unknowable, but the accumulation of knowledge and experience makes possible a
Cholecystitis After Metallic Stent Placement in Patients With Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Hiroyuki Isayama, Takao Kawabe, Yousuke Nakai, Takeshi Tsujino, Naoki Sasahira, Natsuyo Yamamoto, Toshihiko Arizumi, Osamu Togawa, Saburou Matsubara, Yukiko Ito, Takashi Sasaki, Kenji Hirano, Nobuo Toda, Yutaka Komatsu, Minoru Tada, Haruhiko Yoshida, Masao Omata
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Combination or sequential single agent for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts). Impact of further chemotherapy (CT) in overall survival (OS) in the Alamo registry.
Authors: A Lluch, A Ruiz, M Martín, E Alba, M Pastor, J de la Haba, A Llombart, M Ramos, P Martínez del Prado, M Escudero
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2121 Introduction: Combinations can improve OS in MBC; however sequential single agent is sometimes preferred. In a recent report, pts receiving paclitaxel monotherapy in first line had a significantly worse OS if they were not receiving post study CT (PSC); no difference was seen in pts receiving paclitaxel+gemcitabine (Llombart, EBCC 2008). In this trial only 58% of pts received PSC.&amp;#x2028; Purpose: To assess, outside the context of a clinical trial, the amount of MBC pts receiving CT beyond first line, as well as the impact of combination use and further CT lines in their OS.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Alamo 1-2 is a breast cancer patient registry run by the GEICAM. 15482 pts diagnosed from 1990-1997 in 54 sites were included in the database. 4668 pts were stage IV; 778 (16.7%) metastatic at diagnosis and 3890 (83.3%) have had a recurrence.&amp;#x2028; Results: 3045 (65%) pts received CT in first line, 83% were combinations (with anthracyclines 42%, CMF 16%, taxane+anthracyclines 9.4% or +other agents 8%) and 16% were monotherapy. Among other variables studied, only previous treatment (in early stage) was influencing the choice of a combination (pts without previous CT received more combinations than pts receiving CMF, than pts receiving anthracyclines). Median survival for pts receiving single agent was significantly shorter compared to pts receiving combination, 16.2 and 21.85 months (m) respectively, HR=1.37 (IC 95%: 1.21-1.55; p&amp;lt;0.0001). Several covariates showed significant prognostic value in survival in the Cox multivariate model: monotherapy treatment in first line, anthracyclines pre-exposure, age &amp;gt; 65, negative hormonal receptor status, hepatic disease, Grade 3 and ≥ 3 disease sites. Half of the pts never received further CT after first line treatment. Only age and number of disease sites were influencing this decision in the Cox multivariate model. Median survival was 24.9 m in pts receiving further CT and 14.5 m in the ones not receiving it. In pts not receiving further CT, median OS was significantly shorter if they were treated with single agent in first line in comparison to those receiving previous combination: HR= 1.59 (IC 95%: 1.33-1.89; p&amp;lt; 0,00001). This difference was not significant in pts receiving further CT: HR= 1.15 (IC 95%: 0.97-1.37; p=0.101).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Our data show that only half of the MBC pts receive further CT after first line; they have longer survival. We found significant evidence that further CT is impacting the OS in pts treated with single agent in first line, but not in those receiving previous combination. Those facts should be taken into consideration when selecting single agent or a combination in first line. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2121.
On Call and Online
Authors: Alissa R. Spielberg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Increased use of e-mail by physicians, patients, and other health care organizations and staff has the potential to reshape the current boundaries of relationships in medical practice. By comparing reception of e-mail technology in medical practice with its historical analogue, reception of the telephone, this article suggests that new expectations, practice standards, and potential liabilities emerge with the introduction of this new communication technology. Physicians using e-mail should be aware of these considerations and construct their e-mail communications accordingly, recognizing that e-mail may be included in the patient's medical record. Likewise, physicians should discuss the ramifications of communicating electronically with patients and obtain documented informed consent before using e-mail. Physicians must keep patient information confidential, which will require taking precautions (including encryption to prevent interception) to preserve patient information, trust, and the integrity of the patient-physician relationship.
Hyperuricemia in Chronic Beryllium Disease
Authors: WILLIAM N. KELLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Hyperuricemia has been noted in 6 of 15 patients (40%) with chronic beryllium poisoning. In four patients studied in detail the elevated serum urate appears to result from a diminished renal clearance of uric acid rather than from an increased production of this compound. Although the exact mechanism for this is not apparent, there is presently no detectable correlation between the occurrence of hyperuricemia and the type of exposure, duration, or severity of the disease or presence of beryllium in the urine. Despite the high incidence of hyperuricemia in this group of patients, gout was uncommon, occurring in only one patient in the group.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Regional copy number–independent deregulation of transcription in cancer
Authors: Nicolas Stransky, Céline Vallot, Fabien Reyal, Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot, Sixtina Gil Diez de Medina, Rick Segraves, Yann de Rycke, Paul Elvin, Andrew Cassidy, Carolyn Spraggon, Alexander Graham, Jennifer Southgate, Bernard Asselain, Yves Allory, Claude C Abbou, Donna G Albertson, Jean Paul Thiery, Dominique K Chopin, Daniel Pinkel, François Radvanyi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Haemorrheological response to plasma exchange in Raynaud's syndrome.
Authors: A J Dodds, M J O'Reilly, C J Yates, L T Cotton, P T Flute, J A Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Eight patients with Raynaud9s syndrome were treated by weekly plasma exchange for four weeks using a Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor. The mean whole-blood viscosity at a shear rate of 0.77/s was significantly lower after treatment, and the mean index of red-cell deformability was significantly improved. In four patients studied serially the mean percentage fall in whole-blood viscosity after a single plasma exchange was 49% at 0.77/s but only 14% at 91/s. All patients noticed symptomatic improvement including healing of ischaemic digital ulcers. In six patients the number of digital arterial segments containing detectable blood flow was measured by directional Doppler; in all six the number increased. It is concluded that plasma exchange is an effective means of haemorrheological treatment and may be beneficial in patients with digital ischaemia.
Favorable early response of secondary chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib
Authors: Dalia Waldman, Michael Weintraub, Arnold Freeman, Yoram Neumann, Gideon Rechavi, Amos Toren
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Second malignant neoplasms are gradually becoming a recognized long-term complication of successful cancer treatment, and they usually respond poorly to conventional therapy and have an unfavorable outcome. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal panmyelopathy, rarely seen in children with a specific cytogenetic aberration-the Philadelphia chromosome. The translocation generates an aberrant tyrosine kinase, which drives the malignant process in CML and which is also the molecular target for successful treatment of CML with imatinib. It is also exceedingly rare as a secondary malignant neoplasm in both adults and children. We report two cases of secondary CML. The first occurred after successful treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a child, and the second after treatment for lymphoma in an adolescent. Both patients had an excellent response to treatment with imatinib and attained complete cytogenetic remissions. We conclude that secondary CML may respond favorably to treatment with imatinib.
Role of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium in carcinogenesis.
Authors: G Kazantzis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The possible carcinogenicity of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium is reviewed, taking into account epidemiological data, the results of animal experimental studies, data on mutagenic effects and on other in vitro test systems. Of the great variety of occupations where exposure to one of these metals may occur, only haematite mining has been clearly shown to involve an increased human cancer risk. While the possibility that haematite might in some way act as a carcinogen has to be taken into consideration it is more likely that other carcinogens are responsible. Certain platinum coordination complexes are used in cancer chemotherapy, are mutagenic, and likely to be carcinogenic. Cobalt, its oxide and sulfide, certain lead salts, one organomanganese, and one organotitanium compound have been shown to have a limited carcinogenic effect in experimental animal studies, and except for titanium appear to be mutagenic. Certain mercury compounds are mutagenic but none have been shown to be carcinogenic. The presently available data are inadequate to assess the possible carcinogenicity of selenium compounds, but a few observations suggest that selenium may suppress the effect of other carcinogens administered to experimental animals and may even be associated with lower cancer mortality rates in man. Epidemiological observations are essential for the assessment of a human cancer risk, but the difficulty in collecting past exposure data in occupational groups and the complexity of multiple occupational exposures with changes over time, limits the usefulness of retrospective epidemiological studies.
Stereophonic Binaural Differential Stethoscope
Authors: Leon Horowitz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In this day of computer controlled management of the operative patient and computer interpretation of the electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram, some of the time proven methods of physical diagnosis are easily overlooked. In this communication, a simple modification of the stethoscope is described which under certain circumstances is superior to the standard version for auscultation of the chest. The stethoscope, as originally introduced by Laennec, was a single hollow tube that transmitted sound from a single point to one ear (monophonic, monaural). The only significant modification of this arrangement was to split the tube so that the sound from a single point is delivered to both ears (monophonic, binaural). The differentiation of transmitted vs diffusely originating sounds is frequently difficult with the standard stethoscope. The exact site of origin of cardiac murmurs is sometimes difficult to determine. These problems may be overcome by use of this modified stethoscope.
Students and Medical Practice.
Authors: Jno. W. Corbett
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Camden, S. C., Feb. 14, 1900. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —InThe Journalof February 10, you editorially mention that "The medical students of South Carolina have succeeded in obtaining legislation exempting them from the state examinations,..." The bill to exempt all graduates from the only medical college in the state did pass the house, but the senate was wiser and more conservative, and killed it. I think that the young gentlemen who pushed this matter were lacking in forethought and discretion. The object of the State Board's examination is to keep down quackery, and if one bar is taken down, there will be danger to the entire fence. One of the arguments against standing the examination was the necesary expense of the trip to the capitol city, where the Board meets, a matter of say $25. The time will come when these young gentlemen will be pleased that they went