tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inaccuracies in Quantitative Radionuclide Renal Imaging due to Patient Position or Diverging Collimation
Authors: PAUL H. MURPHY, WARREN H. MOORE, DANETTE R. FENNESY, MICHAEL J. BLUST, BRADLEY K. POUNDS, RAMESH D. DHEKNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Radionuclide renal studies with quantitative measurements in patients confined to intensive care units usually require the use of a 10-inch field-of-view mobile gamma camera and a diverging collimator to image both kidneys simultaneously. The patient must frequently be in the lateral decubitus position so imaging can be performed in the posterior projection. Due to spatial distortion caused by the diverging collimator, variations in detector angulation and kidney depth produce different detection efficiencies for each kidney. Counts in regions of interest over the kidneys were compared as a function of detector angulation and patient position (prone and lateral decubitus). Substantial variations were observed comparing the diverging collimator data to 15-inch field-of view parallel hole acquisitions. Significant variation can also be obtained with parallel hole collimators when the patient's position is changed.
Changes of Sensitization to Pollen Allergens in Children with Allergic Disease of Seoul Area Over the Last 10 Years
Authors: Keum Hee Hwang, Young Ho Jung, kyung Hee Kim, Min Ju Kim, Geun Mi Park, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Epidemiological aspects of Crohn's disease: a review of the literature.
Authors: J F Mayberry, J Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1984)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been objectified as independent prognostic factors in different tumours. There is not enough knowledge about the prognostic value of these two factors as a combination. This analysis aims to study the prognostic significance of TIL and NLR in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OC). <h3>Methodology</h3> Observational, single-center and retrospective analysis of a cohort of 135 patients with advanced stage OC treated between 2002 and 2019. Histological samples of ovarian tissue from the surgery of 92 patients were requested, with informed consent, and tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed. For the TIL study, immunohistochemical staining of the TMA was made and a quantitative analysis was performed through the morphometric analysis of the lymphocytes. Samples were categorized in relation to total area as TIL 0 = absence; 1 = &lt;25%; 2 = 25–50%; 3 = 50–75%; 4 ≥ 75%. Neutrophils and lymphocytes levels in peripheral blood at the diagnosis were collected to estimate NLR. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression. <h3>Results</h3> <b>Average age</b> 66 years (36–84 years). Median overall survival (OS): 56 months (0.92–154 m). FIGO stage: 80% III, 20% IV. Histology: 87.2% papillary serous. ECOG: 18.5% ECOG 2 at diagnosis. Surgery: primary cytoreduction/after neoadjuvant treatment: 59/59 patients. TIL and NLR study: Both variables were not correlated (Spearman’s rho: -0.259, p = 0.106). 75% of patients had TILCD3 infiltration &lt;25%. Median NLR = 3.72. The univariate analysis showed a higher OS in patients with TILCD3&gt; 25% (HR 0.448, 95% CI 0.19 – 1.02; p = 0.057), and NLR &lt;3.72 (p = 0.004) (figure 1). The combined TIL- NLR analysis stratified patients with infiltration by TILCD3 &lt;25% into 2 subgroups with clearly different prognoses in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (median DFS 11.49 vs 21.94 months HR 2.74 95% CI 1.18 – 6.26; p =0.019) (figure 2). In addition, the combined analysis in the group of patients differentiated four different prognostic subgroups for OS (p = 0.05). The multivariate analysis including PS and histology showed an independent prognostic value in the variable TIL-NLR in OS (p = 0.009) and DFS (p = 0.003). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The combination of TILCD3 and NLR increases their prognostic value in OC. Combination prognostic factor could be very useful for improving immunotherapy strategies in advanced ovarian cancer. <h3>Disclosures</h3> B. Álvarez-Abril: None. E. García: None. P. de la Morena: None. A. Ivars: None. M.Sánchez: None. A. Chaves: None. F. Pastor: None. G. Marín: None. F. Ayala de la Peña: None. E. García-Martínez: None.
Salt and other enemies
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1996)

About 16 years ago I was invited abroad to give a lecture on hypertension. Another visiting professor spoke on renal failure. As I have a plaque hanging in my office commemorating my lecture on renal failure, I assume that he has one on his wall on hypertension. At the time our host said nice things as he introduced me as a hypertension “expert.” But then, as an afterthought, he added that of course most doctors were experts anyway, because they all treat hypertension.

He probably was right. Except that here, in this inner city hypertension belt, we would undoubtedly win by …
Too many Germans are addicted to alcohol or tobacco, says report
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite slight declines in alcohol and tobacco use in Germany in recent years consumption remains far too high, causing health and social ailments that cost billions of euros each year, a new report from the German Centre for Addiction Issues (Deutsche Hauptstelle fur Suchtfragen) has said.

The centre, which is financed by the German health ministry, called on politicians to acknowledge the severity of the problem and adopt major new regulatory measures to reduce alcohol and tobacco use.

It also urged doctors to detect addiction more promptly and to use prevention programmes more actively, although it also criticised them for …
Just Liability and Reciprocity Reasons for Treating Wounded Soldiers
Authors: Michael J. Selgelid
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment: This commentary has benefited from prior research collaboration with Theresa Ly and Ian Kerridge. Notes 1. A similar argument applies to the context of quarantine (see CitationLy et al. 2007). 2. I thank Christian Enemark for making this point in discussion.
Successful Resuscitation in Acute Myocardial Infarction with Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Daniel K. Bloomfield, John A. Mannick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

DURING the past two years, 3 cases1 2 3 have been reported in the medical literature describing patients in whom ventricular fibrillation developed presumably as a result of acute myocardial infarction, and who were successfully resuscitated by means of thoracotomy, cardiac massage and electric defibrillation. In none of these cases, however, was the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct fully established before the completion of cardiac massage and defibrillation, although electrocardiograms taken later showed the pattern of infarction.Recent pathological data4 , 5 demonstrate moderate to severe myocardial damage in 25 to 40 per cent of 74 autopsied patients not surviving cardiac massage. The wide . . .
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement Using the Pull-Through or Push-Through Techniques: Is the Second Pass of the Gastroscope Necessary?
Authors: S. Sartori, L. Trevisani, I. Nielsen, D. Tassinari, V Abbasciano
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: The pull-through and push-through techniques widely used for placing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) require two passes of the gastroscope. The second pass is considered necessary to assess the correct positioning of the internal bumper. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the second pass is in fact necessary, or whether it could be omitted in most cases.
Removing an obstruction from your own airway
Authors: M. Dover
Journal: BMJ (1996)

One evening recently I ate late. For quickness I cooked some bacon and egg and took the meal on a tray to eat in front of the television. I had not been eating very long when, inexplicably, I swallowed a morsel of food which I had scarcely begun to chew. It seemed to be stuck in my throat. I reacted automatically by trying to swallow it. I realised that something was wrong: I had to work the swallowing muscles consciously and I did so twice more in an effort to move the obstruction. I could not understand what was happening at first. I was not breathing. There was not the tiniest particle of air going into or out of my windpipe. The food was in the wrong tube.

By this time concern about the discomfort the unchewed mass was causing had taken second place to an acute awareness of the inability to breathe. My mouth and nose were suddenly irrelevant to the process. …
P2-054: Combination treatment with arsenic trioxide and sulindac induces apoptosis of NCI-H157 human lung carcinoma cells via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases
Authors: Sei-Hoon Yang, Hak-Ryul Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Hye Yeon Jang, Hyang-Jeong Jo, Hyeok Shim, Kang Kyoo Lee, Seong-Hoon Park, Jung-Hyun Park, Eun-Taik Jeong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Origin of gastrin liberated by gastrin releasing peptide in man.
Authors: L Lundell, G Lindstedt, L Olbe
Journal: Gut (1987)

Gastrin release induced by gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in man has been studied in patients before and after complete resection of the antrum and duodenal bulb, as well as after pancreaticoduodenectomy according to Whipple. Studies in healthy subjects showed that 400 pmol/kg an hour of GRP induced a maximal release of gastrin. Infusion of this dose of GRP after a complete resection of the antrum and duodenal bulb induced a small, but significant increase in gastrin concentrations. After pancreaticoduodenectomy, however, GRP infusion had no effect on serum gastrin concentrations. In patients previously subjected to an incomplete antrectomy, GRP infusion was followed by a gastrin response considerably higher than after a complete antrectomy. Our results would suggest that GRP is capable of releasing gastrin predominantly from the antrum and the duodenal bulb, but also a small amount of gastrin from the remaining part of the duodenum. Gastrin releasing peptide infusion and determination of gastrin release may be of clinical significance in showing remaining significant gastrin pools in patients with recurrent ulceration after previous gastric resections.
Atropine and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JAOK HAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In a recent paper by Epstein et al.,' a comparison was made between our study2' 3 and that of Scherlag et al.4 on the relationship between heart rate and the likelihood of ventricular ectopic activity during coronary occlusion in dogs.The paper indicated that, in contrast to our results, Scherlag et al. found that increasing heart rate during coronary occlusion pro- voked ventricular arrhythmias and fibrillation, and vagal stimulation often reduced ventricular ectopic activity.I would like to point out that these two studies are markedly different in experimental design and, decreasing the arterial pressure and coronary blood flow.
Aldosterone Excretion in Normal and Toxaemic Pregnancies
Authors: J. D. Martin, I. H. Mills
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The bacteria, uniformly dispersed, can be easily harvested in the centrifuge and the deposit resuspended in dextran-glucose solution.A method is described for enumerating the viable cells with consistent results ; the viable-cell content of different batches of vaccine can be accurately standardized.A study of the keeping properties of the dried vaccine has shown that it has a life of at least twelve months when stored below 20°C.The relationship between the viable-cell counts of various batches and the tuberculin conversion of guineapigs is shown.There is also a direct correlation between the viable-cell count and the size of local lesions in guinea-pigs after intradermal injection. REFERENCES
Council of Europe issues guide to end of life care
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Strasbourg based Council of Europe has issued a guide on the decision making process regarding medical treatment in end of life situations.1

The 34 page publication did not address euthanasia or assisted suicide, but it summarised the principles that could be applied to decisions on medical treatment when “a severe deterioration in health, due to the evolution of a disease or another cause, threatens the life of a person irreversibly in the near future.”

In such situations the main purpose of any medical treatment is palliative—focusing on the quality of life or, …
Report on Australian surgeons
Authors: T. B Hugh
Journal: BMJ (1995)

continue to have the right and opportunity to make a subsequent attempt at suicide.We do not suggest that any method of interpreting principles that may be relevant in a volunteer based organisation would be transferable to the clinical domain, but we believe that when in doubt we should err on the side of life.Each situation will be different and will need careful and sensitive assessment (in so far as time and the circumstances permit).Nobody, however, can escape from the fact that death is for ever.
Degradation and Healing Characteristics of Small-Diameter Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Vascular Grafts in the Rat Systemic Arterial Circulation
Authors: Erman Pektok, Benjamin Nottelet, Jean-Christophe Tille, Robert Gurny, Afksendiyos Kalangos, Michael Moeller, Beat H. Walpoth
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Long-term patency of conventional synthetic grafts is unsatisfactory below a 6-mm internal diameter. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising biodegradable polymer with a longer degradation time. We aimed to evaluate in vivo healing and degradation characteristics of small-diameter vascular grafts made of PCL nanofibers compared with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts.We prepared 2-mm-internal diameter grafts by electrospinning using PCL (M(n)=80, 000 g/mol). Either PCL (n=15) or ePTFE (n=15) grafts were implanted into 30 rats. Rats were followed up for 24 weeks. At the conclusion of the follow-up period, patency and structural integrity were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography. The abdominal aorta, including the graft, was harvested and investigated under light microscopy. Endothelial coverage, neointima formation, and transmural cellular ingrowth were measured by computed histomorphometry. All animals survived until the end of follow-up, and all grafts were patent in both groups. Digital subtraction angiography revealed no stenosis in the PCL group but stenotic lesions in 1 graft at 18 weeks (40%) and in another graft at 24 weeks (50%) in the ePTFE group. None of the grafts showed aneurysmal dilatation. Endothelial coverage was significantly better in the PCL group. Neointimal formation was comparable between the 2 groups. Macrophage and fibroblast ingrowth with extracellular matrix formation and neoangiogenesis were better in the PCL group. After 12 weeks, foci of chondroid metaplasia located in the neointima of PCL grafts were observed in all samples.Small-diameter PCL grafts represent a promising alternative for the future because of their better healing characteristics compared with ePTFE grafts. Faster endothelialization and extracellular matrix formation, accompanied by degradation of graft fibers, seem to be the major advantages. Further evaluation of degradation and graft healing characteristics may potentially lead to the clinical use of such grafts for revascularization procedures.
Synchronous Presentation of Multiple Myeloma and Lung Cancer
Authors: Rishu Agarwal, Ritu Gupta, Archana Bhaskar, Atul Sharma, Sanjay Thulkar, Lalit Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

prognosis.Tumors from extragonadal sites have been shown to have a response rate of 25% to 45% to chemotherapy compared with 65% to 80% for those of gonadal origin.Although an overall complete response rate of 68% in extragonadal tumors has been suggested, only 29% complete responses were seen when the histological findings were pure choriocarcinoma. 2 Our patient showed an appropriate biochemical and radiographic response to his first chemotherapy cycle, but it remains to be seen how sustainable his response is at the end of therapy.Although other malignancies have been reported with UC, 10-13 to our knowledge, this is the first case report of pure extragonadal choriocarcinoma in the setting of UC.
Abstract 1408: p53-directed translational control can shape and expand the universe of p53 target genes
Authors: Sara Zaccara, Toma Tebaldi, Yari Ciribilli, Alessandra Bisio, Alberto Inga
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Several genome-wide transcriptome analyses that focused on p53-induced cellular responses in many cellular contexts have continued to expand the already vast p53-regulated transcriptional networks. To investigate post-transcriptional controls as an additional dimension of p53-directed gene expression responses we performed translatome analysis by polysomal profiling on MCF7 cells treated with Doxorubicin and Nutlin-3a. A comparison between the transcriptome and the translatome revealed a considerable level of uncoupling, meaning genes whose transcription did not correlate with translation. Interestingly, this genes category was significantly associated to apoptosis, DNA and RNA metabolism as well as cell cycle functions, suggesting that post-transcriptional control can modulate classical p53-regulated responses. Furthermore, even for well-established p53 targets that were differentially expressed both at transcriptional and translational levels, quantitative differences between transcriptome, subpolysomal and polysomal RNAs were evident. Seeking mechanisms underlying gene expression uncoupling, we identified p53-dependent modulation of five RNA binding proteins where hnRNPD (AUF1) and CPEB4 are direct p53 transcriptional targets and SRSF1, DDX17, YBX1 are indirect targets modulated at translational level in a p53-directed manner. In particular, YBX1 translation appeared to be reduced by p53 via two different mechanisms, one related to mTOR inhibition and the second to miR-34a expression. Overall, we establish p53 as a master regulator of translational control and identify new p53 target genes affecting translation that can contribute to p53-dependent cellular responses. Citation Format: Sara Zaccara, Toma Tebaldi, Yari Ciribilli, Alessandra Bisio, Alberto Inga. p53-directed translational control can shape and expand the universe of p53 target genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1408. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1408
Abstract 1541: Secondary mutations in ALK and resistance to ALK kinase inhibitors
Authors: Takaaki Sasaki, Katsuhiro Okuda, Wei Zheng, James Butrynski, Marzia Capelletti, Liping Wang, Nathanael Gray, Keith D. Wilner, James G. Christensen, George D. Demetri, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Scott J. Rodig, Michael J. Eck, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor crizotinib is clinically effective in cancer patients whose tumors harbor ALK translocations. However, drug resistance will ultimately develop in most if not all patients. We studied drug resistance mechanisms using both in vitro models and analyses from tumors of patients that had developed crizotinib resistance. Methods and Results: We identified a secondary mutation in ALK, F1174L, as one cause of crizotinib resistance in a patient with an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) harbouring a RANBP2-ALK translocation who progressed while crizotinib therapy. When present in cis with an ALK translocation, this mutation (also detected in neuroblastomas) causes an increase in ALK phosphorylation, cell growth and downstream signaling. Furthermore, the F1174L mutation inhibits crizotinib mediated downregulation of ALK signaling and blocks apoptosis in RANBP2-ALK Ba/F3 cells. We also evaluated the impact of mutations in the ALK gatekeeper residue (L1196) and engineered all possible gatekeeper mutations resulting from a single nucleotide change into the background of EML4-ALK. Three of the mutations (L1196M, L1196Q and L1196V) in the background of EML4-ALK led to IL-3 independent growth. Furthermore the EML4-ALK L1196M mutant resulted in a greater baseline ALK phosphorylation, cell growth and downstream signaling compared to EML4-ALK alone. A chemically distinct ALK inhibitor, TAE684, or the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG are both effective in models harbouring the F1174L or the L1196M ALK mutations. Conclusions: We identify secondary mutations in ALK that confer crizotinib resistance. In addition, we identify therapeutic strategies, alternative ALK inhibitors or HSP90 inhibitors that may be clinically effective in patients that have developed crizotinib resistance. Understanding the mechanistic basis of drug resistance is necessary in order to develop effective clinical treatments for patients with ALK-translocated cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1541. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1541
Toronto succumbs to SARS a second time
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Toronto is back on the World Health Organization's list of areas with local transmission of SARS after Canada's federal health department reported new clusters of 26 suspected and eight probable cases of the disease linked to four Toronto hospitals.

But WHO is not recommending any restrictions on travel to the city, because the new cases can all be traced back to the original outbreak and are not linked to travel.

WHO spokesman Dick Thompson said it was extremely unlikely that WHO would be issuing …
Nationwide ALT testing to prevent non-A, non-B hepatitis still on hold
Authors: Virginia Snodgrass Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Testing A esting blood for elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in an effort to prevent non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis is a procedure that is gaining support, but the consensus of those in blood banking is that nationwide testing is not warranted yet. One blood bank plans to go ahead with the testing, however. An ad hoc committee of the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) deliberated the topic at the association's recent meeting in Chicago and decided against recommending routine testing. "Nearly everybody feels there is insufficient information for a national policy change right now, particularly one which has so many ramifications," said committee chairman Joseph Bove, MD, professor of laboratory medicine and director of the blood bank at Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, Conn, in an interview with<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. The questions that were in everyone's mind were summarized at a session on new techniques of hepatitis
AML cells have low spare reserve capacity in their respiratory chain that renders them susceptible to oxidative metabolic stress
Authors: Shrivani Sriskanthadevan, Danny V. Jeyaraju, Timothy E. Chung, Swayam Prabha, Wei Xu, Marko Skrtic, Bozhena Jhas, Rose Hurren, Marcela Gronda, Xiaoming Wang, Yulia Jitkova, Mahadeo A. Sukhai, Feng-Hsu Lin, Neil Maclean, Rob Laister, Carolyn A. Goard, Peter J. Mullen, Stephanie Xie, Linda Z. Penn, Ian M. Rogers, John E. Dick, Mark D. Minden, Aaron D. Schimmer
Journal: Blood (2015)