tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FALSE-POSITIVE HTLV-III ANTIBODY TESTS IN MULTITRANSFUSED PATIENTS WITH THALASSAEMIA
Authors: V. Michail-Merianou, A. Tzivaras, L. Piperi-Lowes, C. Kattamis, V. Ladis, R. Papadakou-Lagogianni
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
An Address ON THE IMPORTANCE OF EXPLORATORY INCISION IN CANCER OF THE BREAST
Authors: D. C. L. Fitzwilliams
Journal: BMJ (1925)

LECTURES giveni to studentis and addresses giveni to )racti- tioners aIre two different things; one dognmatizes in the former, and the student, having no experie'nce, hias perforce to take what is offered him.The practitioner, however, is a person.who has experience, who has formed his own opinion..We all have our own ideas-some may be right and some may be wrong; but in any case we have formed themii slowly and we shall only change theni slowly.At the same time, it is difficult to gauge how much of
CONSERVATIVE ROENTGENOGRAPHIC ABDOMINAL LANDMARKS
Authors: WILLIAM J. MANNING
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The accompanying illustrations present a graphic method of regional abdominal markings. The subject was an athletic youth, aged 18, who had had the usual diseases of childhood, was of good habits, and had never suffered from constipation. A physical examination, including a urinalysis, revealed all the organs in a normal condition. The only physical defects were a first degree left flat foot, and a visual deficiency of fifteen twentieths of the left eye. The family history was good. On the back were several dense, pigmented moles of epithelioid structure, which show in the roentgenogram as small, radiolucent spots of various shapes. A preliminary examination with the fluoroscope and diligent manipulation failed to elicit any tender spots, adhesions or indurations. No evening meal was allowed, but for breakfast two cups of coffee were given as a stimulus one hour before the regulation six hour barium meal that is shown in the
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLATELET INDICES AND SPONTANEOUS ECHO CONTRAST IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS
Authors: Mahmut Akpek, Mikail Yarl&yacute;oglues, Idris Ardic, Orhan Dogdu, Abdurrahman Oguzhan, Ali Ergin, Nihat Kalay, Mehmet Kaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
THE PROBLEM OF DIAGNOSIS IN PARANOIC DISORDER
Authors: HUBERT BONNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The purpose of this article has been three-fold: (1) to call attention to the deplorable situation regarding the reluctance of most psychiatrists to diagnose paranoic disorder where such a diagnosis is clearly indicated; (2) to affirm that the confusion between paranoic disorder and paranoid schizophrenia, where it exists, is largely unnecessary; and (3) to render differential diagnosis of these two psychoses more certain and accurate by the addition to the classical symptomatology of several sociogenic, psychogenic, and associative trends that occur in these psychoses with high statistical frequency. Thus in addition to the well-known symptoms, the paranoic patient is found to have grown up in an atmosphere of suppression, harshness, hostility, and frequently of brutality. The paranoid schizophrenic is less likely to have been reared in this type of home. Diagnosis should take into account, furthermore, the prepsychotic personality of the patient. The diagnostic value of the prepsychotic personality, in our judgment, has been insufficiently recognized by diagnosticians and psychotherapists. The same observation obtains in regard to the other factors that we have briefly described. On the basis of our clinical and biographical data we believe strongly that, if all the crucial experiences in the life history of a patient were known, we would find no sharp breaks between the prepsychotic and the psychotic make-up of the individual. It is universally recognized by clinicians and competent investigators that paranoic psychosis has a slow and insidious onset. The onset in only 2 cases in our group of paranoic disorder is described as sudden or acute. Interestingly enough there was sharp disagreement among the examining psychiatrists concerning the diagnosis of these cases. The factor of age alone clinched the decision! This factor is a tenuous basis for differential diagnosis in the face of the type of rich case material to which we have called attention. Given full knowledge of the paranoic's family setting, his successes and failures, the trend of his dominant emotional and intellectual strivings, his conception of himself in his own eyes and, as he believes, in the eyes of others, we are able not only to make a more adequate diagnosis of the patient but to predict the possible outcome of his adjustment to the whole vast complex of his interpersonal relations.
Abstract 4621: Hedgehog acyltransferase as a novel target in breast cancer
Authors: Armine Matevossian, Marilyn Resh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl group onto Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), a modification that is essential for the signaling activity of Shh. Recent large scale genomics data show Hhat amplifications in a variety of tumor types including breast, liver, lung and uterine cancers. Breast invasive carcinomas have the highest percentage of Hhat amplification. To determine the functional significance of Hhat expression in breast cancers, we used a panel of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) positive and negative cell lines. Here, we show that Hhat is a novel target for inhibition of ERα positive breast cancer. Depletion of Hhat with lentivirally delivered shRNAs decreased both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent proliferation of ERα positive, but not ERα negative, breast cancer cells. Treatment with RU-SKI 43, a small molecule inhibitor of Hhat recently developed by our group, also reduced ERα positive cell proliferation, whereas a structurally related, inactive compound had no effect. To identify signaling pathways that mediate the growth defect in response to Hhat inhibition, we used a commercially available microarray which analyzes the phosphorylation of 18 different intracellular signaling components. Phosphorylation of Akt, S6 ribosomal protein, Bad, and PRAS40 were reduced after treatment of the ERα positive cell line MCF7 with RU-SKI 43. Of note, the Smoothened inhibitor erismodegib had no effect on ERα positive cell proliferation, indicating that cell growth is regulated by non-canonical signaling pathways. Overexpression of Hhat in ERα positive cells not only rescued the growth defect in the presence of RU-SKI 43, but also resulted in increased cell proliferation in the absence of drug treatment. Together, these data suggest that Hhat plays a critical role in ERα positive breast cancer and highlight the potential promise of Hhat inhibitors for therapeutic benefit. Citation Format: Armine Matevossian, Marilyn Resh. Hedgehog acyltransferase as a novel target in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4621
Patients may start to take cheaper over the counter regimens
Authors: M. R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—In their article on the future for self medication Colin Bradley and Alison Blenkinsopp highlighted several issues raised by the increasing deregulation of prescription only medicines, including concerns about safety and the monitoring of adverse reactions.1 One recent development that they did not mention is last year's amendment to the NHS (General Medical Services) Regulations 1992, …
Trends in Smoking Among Adults With Mental Illness and Association Between Mental Health Treatment and Smoking Cessation
Authors: Benjamin Lê Cook, Geoff Ferris Wayne, E. Nilay Kafali, Zimin Liu, Chang Shu, Michael Flores
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Significant progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States.However, tobacco cessation efforts have focused on the general population rather than individuals with mental illness, who demonstrate greater rates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence.OBJECTIVES To assess whether declines in tobacco use have been realized among individuals with mental illness and examine the association between mental health treatment and smoking cessation.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Use of nationally representative surveys of noninstitutionalized US residents to compare trends in smoking rates between adults with and without mental illness and across multiple disorders (2004-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey [MEPS]) and to compare rates of smoking cessation among adults with mental illness who did and did not receive mental health treatment (2009-2011 National Survey of Drug Use and Health [NSDUH]).The MEPS sample included 32 156 respondents with mental illness (operationalized as reporting severe psychological distress, probable depression, or receiving treatment for mental illness) and 133 113 without mental illness.The NSDUH sample included 14 057 lifetime smokers with mental illness.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Current smoking status (primary analysis; MEPS sample) and smoking cessation, operationalized as a lifetime smoker who did not smoke in the last 30 days (secondary analysis; NSDUH sample). RESULTSAdjusted smoking rates declined significantly among individuals without mental illness (19.2% [95% CI, 18.7-19.7%]to 16.5% [95% CI, 16.0%-17.0%];P < .001)but changed only slightly among those with mental illness (25.3% [95% CI, 24.2%-26.3%]to 24.9% [95% CI, 23.8%-26.0%];P = .50),a significant difference in difference of 2.3% (95% CI, 0.7%-3.9%)(P = .005).Individuals with mental illness who received mental health treatment within the previous year were more likely to have quit smoking (37.2% [95% CI, 35.1%-39.4%])than those not receiving treatment (33.1% [95% CI, 31.5%-34.7%])(P = .005).Between 2004 and 2011, the decline in smoking among individuals with mental illness was significantly less than among those without mental illness, although quit rates were greater among those receiving mental health treatment.This suggests that tobacco control policies and cessation interventions targeting the general population have not worked as effectively for persons with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Endocytosis and Recycling of Immune Complexes by Follicular Dendritic Cells Enhances B Cell Antigen Binding and Activation
Authors: Balthasar A. Heesters, Priyadarshini Chatterjee, Young-A. Kim, Santiago F. Gonzalez, Michael P. Kuligowski, Tomas Kirchhausen, Michael C. Carroll
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Status Asthmaticus in Children
Authors: W. Richards, S. C. Siegel, J. Strauss, M. D. Leigh
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An analysis was made of admission rates and patients hospitalized for status asthmaticus at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. Despite reports of increasing morbidity and mortality due to status asthmaticus, no significant trend in the admission rate was noted. However, seasonal increases of asthma admissions did occur (October and November), but the increases could not be fully correlated with any environmental factors. In a study of 142 patients, 41 (31%) of the 131 patients who had roentgenograms showed evidence of pneumonitis, suggesting infection as an important factor in status asthmaticus. Acidosis, hypoxia, and hypercapnia result from severe asthma, and frequent clinical and laboratory monitoring of the condition of asthma patients for these serious complications is essential. In addition to the customary treatment of asthma, these abnormalities may be combated by assisted ventilation (intermittent positive pressure breathing by mask or endotracheal tube), muscle relaxants, and alkalizing agents (sodium bicarbonate or tromethamine).
Comparison of Nitric Oxide Release and Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor–Mediated Hyperpolarization Between Human Radial and Internal Mammary Arteries
Authors: Guo-Wei He, Zhi-Gang Liu
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Arterial grafts for CABG have been used increasingly, and the radial artery (RA) has become a preferable graft, secondary to the internal mammary artery (IMA). In the present study, we investigated and compared NO release and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated hyperpolarization for IMA and RA.IMA and RA segments taken from CABG patients were placed in an organ chamber. An NO-sensitive electrode (to directly measure NO release) or intracellular glass microelectrode (to measure membrane potential) was used to study NO or EDHF in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (BK) before and after incubation with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (an NO synthase inhibitor), and oxyhemoglobin (an NO scavenger). The resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells of IMA and RA was -58+/-0.84 (n=61) and -61+/-1.3 (n=46) mV, respectively (P=0.03). BK-induced EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization in the IMA was significantly greater than that in RA (BK 10(-)(7) mol/L: -10.9+/-1.5 [n=7] versus -5.8+/-0.9 [n=6] mV, P=0.04). The basal (16.8+/-1.9 versus 11.1+/-1.0 nmol/L, n=12, P=0.02) and stimulated releases of NO in IMA were significantly greater for BK (44.3+/-4.0 versus 25.8+/-3.6 nmol/L, n=8, P=0.004) and lasting longer for ACh (9.5+/-2.0 versus 6.6+/-3.6 minutes, n=12, P=0.03) than those in RA.The basal and stimulated releases of NO and EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization in the IMA are significantly greater than that in the RA. The lower capacity of NO release may contribute to the susceptibility of RA to the perioperative vasospasm and may have an impact on the long-term graft patency.
THE ADVANTAGES OF A PORTABLE THERMOSTAT FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: G. Shera
Journal: BMJ (1930)

A le)lriod tillished on April 26lh, 1928, and on Maty' 26thl she lhadl .tsudden atttack of pain, simutlating labour painis, in the lvpo- gastriomn and pas;sing through to the back, anid wlich lasted thirtl- five ininutes.Eleven days later, on Juie 6tl, slie experiieniced H s:e(nCdld attack, w^hicli contintied oni anid off
Abnormal Colonic Motility in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: WILLIAM M. BATTLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Progressive systemic sclerosis alters smooth muscle function throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In 10 consecutive patients with the disease, colonic spike activity and contractile activity were measured after a 1000-kcal meal, intramuscular injection of neostigmine, or intravenous injection of metoclopramide. The 1000-kcal meal stimulated a significant increase in spike and contractile activity in normal subjects. Nine of the 10 patients had no increase in motility after eating. Neostigmine or metoclopramide stimulated colonic spike (p < 0.01) and contractile (p < 0.02) activity in normal subjects and stimulated colonic motility (p < 0.01) in four of 10 patients with less severe systemic manifestations of the disease (Group I). The drugs had no effect on patients with severe progressive systemic sclerosis (Group II). The patients with severe scleroderma had significant gastrointestinal roentgenographic abnormalities and severe cardiac, renal, or pulmonary dysfunction. Four of six Group II patients died from the disease; all four had marked smooth muscle atrophy in the colonic wall. These findings suggest that the gastrocolonic response is absent early in the disease process and that the smooth muscle atrophy occurring with progression of the disease may lead to a more severe colonic motor disturbance.
Abstract 458: Regulation of HIF1a by Set9 lysine methyltransferase
Authors: Qiong Liu, Hao Geng, Changhui Xue, Tomasz M. Beer, David Z. Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract HIF-1 is consisted of an oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α and a constitutive HIF-1β subunit. The activity of HIF-1 is implicated in human cancer development. In normoxia, the HIF-1α subunit is constantly synthesized, but rapidly degraded by the oxygen-dependent mechanism. In hypoxia due to tumor growth and anti-angiogenic therapy, HIF-1α is stabilized and dimerizes with HIF-1β to form HIF-1, which transactivates genes promoting cancer hallmarks, including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, migration and invasion. Notably, HIF-1 increases multiple genes on the glycolytic pathway, which mediates the metabolic adaptation of hypoxic stress. Therefore, HIF-1α is an intriguing anticancer target. However, how HIF-1α is regulated in hypoxia is poorly understood. Here, we report that the histone methyltransferase Set9 promotes HIF-1α protein stability in hypoxia and plays an important role in cancer cell glycolytic adaptation. Specifically, Set9 interacts with HIF-1α to maintain its stability in hypoxia. Silencing of Set9 by siRNA in hypoxia significantly reduces HIF-1α protein level, reduces HIF-1 transcriptional activity, and attenuates expressions of HIF-1-responsive glycolytic genes as well as hypoxia-induced glycolysis. Further, we have found that Set9 binds to the chromatins of hypoxia response elements within HIF-1-responsive glycolytic genes. The results suggest that Set9 epigenetically contributes to the glycolytic phenotype of cancer through HIF-1. Citation Format: Qiong Liu, Hao Geng, Changhui Xue, Tomasz M. Beer, David Z. Qian. Regulation of HIF1a by Set9 lysine methyltransferase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 458. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-458
Medical Mystery — The Answer
Authors: J. Warren Harthorne, Igor Palacios
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The medical mystery in the June 13 issue1 involved a 76-year-old man with sinus node disease who was evaluated after an episode of syncope and who received a single-chamber pacemaker through the left subclavian approach. The medial pathway of the pacing lead on the chest film (Figure 1), coupled with the finding of right bundle-branch block on the paced electrocardiogram (Figure 2), confirms that the lead had been passed by means of the subclavian artery through the ascending aorta, across the aortic valve, and into the left ventricle. A new, dual-chamber pacemaker was placed through the right . . .
Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes
Authors: Stephen L. Tilley, Thomas M. Coffman, Beverly H. Koller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Virtually every organism has evolved mechanisms by which, upon stimulation, lipids are released from plasma membranes and metabolized into mediators capable of changing cellular physiology. As these lipids are present at the first site exposed to external challenge, they provide an ideal substrate for the synthesis of defensive mediators and homeostatic regulators. One such group of lipid mediators is the prostanoids, including the prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes (TXs).

Soon after their initial isolation and characterization, the ability of prostanoids to influence inflammation and immune responses was recognized. For example, administration of prostanoids, either alone or in combination, could reproduce the cardinal signs of inflammation. Because they could induce inflammatory changes when injected into tissue and were present at high levels in inflamed lesions, prostanoids were initially categorized as proinflammatory mediators. As our understanding of prostanoid physiology has evolved, it has become clear that these mediators can act to both promote and inhibit inflammation. Thus, it is more accurate to envision these molecules as part of a complex regulatory network that modulates the actions of immune cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Their overall impact in an individual inflammatory response will depend on several factors, including the level of immune cell activation, the presence of other mediators, and the physiological state of the organism.

Our ability to dissect the role of prostanoids in complex inflammatory responses has been substantially advanced by the recent development of mouse lines with targeted mutations of genes encoding enzymes and receptors in the prostanoid pathway. In this review we will develop the concept that prostanoids are both effectors and regulators of inflammation, emphasizing new information provided by these mouse models.
Comparative Effects of Aging and Coronary Heart Disease on Submaximal and Maximal Exercise
Authors: IRWIN S. KASSER, ROBERT A. BRUCE
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The relative contributions of aging and coronary heart disease to the impairment of functional capacity were assessed in 117 coronary patients, 117 age-matched healthy middle-aged men, and 62 healthy young men by utilizing a multistage treadmill test of maximal exercise. With aging alone, duration of exertion and maximal exercise heart rate were diminished while maximal systolic pressure increased. The percentage of heart rate reserve from submaximal (stage 1) to maximal exercise was unaltered so that the relative heart rate stress of submaximal work on the heart was not affected. Transient postexertional S-T depression was related to increasing age and high cardiac work loads. With coronary disease, maximal duration, maximal heart rate, maximal systolic pressure, and heart rate difference (maximal heart rate during exercise minus resting heart rate just before exercise) were all reduced, while the relative heart rate stress of submaximal exercise was greater. The frequency of S-T depression was both age and disease dependent. Postexertional S-T depression of myocardial ischemia was prolonged and usually associated with angina in patients with coronary occlusive disease and subnormal performance in contrast to a more transient painless response which occurred in healthy subjects with performance which was "supernormal" in comparison with normals who exhibited no S-T depression.
Sedentary Activity Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Physical Activity
Authors: Andrea Bankoski, Tamara B. Harris, James J. McClain, Robert J. Brychta, Paolo Caserotti, Kong Y. Chen, David Berrigan, Richard P. Troiano, Annemarie Koster
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between objectively measured sedentary activity and metabolic syndrome among older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from 1,367 men and women, aged ≥60 years who participated in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sedentary time during waking hours was measured by an accelerometer (&amp;lt;100 counts per minute). A sedentary bout was defined as a period of time &amp;gt;5 min. A sedentary break was defined as an interruption in sedentary time (≥100 counts per minute). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. RESULTS On average, people spent 9.5 h (65% of wear time) as sedentary. Compared with people without metabolic syndrome, people with metabolic syndrome spent a greater percentage of time as sedentary (67.3 vs. 62.2%), had longer average sedentary bouts (17.7 vs. 16.7 min), had lower intensity during sedentary time (14.8 vs. 15.8 average counts per minute), and had fewer sedentary breaks (82.3 vs. 86.7), adjusted for age and sex (all P &amp;lt; 0.01). A higher percentage of time sedentary and fewer sedentary breaks were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, BMI, diabetes, heart disease, and physical activity. The association between intensity during sedentary time and metabolic syndrome was borderline significant. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of sedentary time was strongly related to metabolic risk, independent of physical activity. Current results suggest older people may benefit from reducing total sedentary time and avoiding prolonged periods of sedentary time by increasing the number of breaks during sedentary time.