tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VARIOLA AND VARICELLA.
Authors: M. A. AUSTIN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

From a point of pertinent interest I deem it somewhat less than an impertinence to consider this subject, which within the last fourteen months has served to create disturbances of varied degree over different sections of Indiana. The fact of some chicken-pox cases being present in this city, the mildness of some cases not requiring a physician until several members of a family were attacked, snap diagnosis from incomplete observation, and last but not least the ignorance and criminal negligence of some of the physicians in denying the existence of the disease as smallpox, has, with the refusal of the authorities to build a pest-house, notwithstanding the demands of the secretary of the Board of Health, W. T. Fairfield, served to keep up a desultory outcropping of cases in different parts of the city, until up to April 15 there had been reported and discovered 149 cases since the beginning
Mitral valve pericardioplasty--a long-term follow-up study
Authors: J. C. Van Der Spuy
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Posterior (17) and anterior (3) mitral cusp pericardioplasties were performed in 20 patients between 6 December 1961 and 10 July 1963. A long-term follow-up study was done in nine patients. In six of these, mitral valvectomy with Starr-Edwards ball valve replacement was required after intervals varying between two years and three months and seven years and three months. In only one of the six cases did the pericardium macroscopically appear normal. In four it was obviously thickened and in two of the four there was also evidence of calcification in the pericardium only. In one of these, calcification was gross, causing complete immobility of the whole 2 × 0·6 in (5 × 1·7 cm) pericardial inlay. In only one of the six cases had the pericardium become larger and thinner and this also was in the only patient with a dilated mitral ring. Only three patients remain with the pericardium as inserted into the posterior mitral cusp between eight years and eight years and eleven months previously, but in all three there is clinical evidence of progressive pathology in the mitral valve. The progressive mitral valve involvement in this series could well have been caused by progression of the pre-existing pathology in the cusps and chordae tendineae but the involvement of the pericardial inlay was much more extensive than that of the rest of the cusp.
NHS finances: the tanker en route for the iceberg
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Will it hit before next year’s general election?

In a report published last week, UK healthcare think tank the King’s Fund warned that a financial crisis in the NHS was now “inevitable” by 2015-16 and that, without urgent action to plug the funding shortfall, it could arrive sooner.1 Such warnings have become increasingly vociferous in recent months, as fears grow that the tanker may be about to hit the iceberg, to coin the phrase used by former NHS Confederation chief Mike Farrar.2

Before his departure earlier this year, the outgoing NHS chief executive David Nicholson warned that the NHS was facing a £30bn (€36.5bn; $50.8bn) funding gap by 2021, which could render it unsustainable without radical change to the way care is delivered.3 The onus has now fallen on Nicholson’s successor Simon Stevens to leverage this change while keeping the ship afloat, amid what Stevens describes as “the longest squeeze on NHS finances in our 65 year history.”4

Since 2010, there has been an unprecedented slowdown in the growth of NHS funding, as the accelerated investment of the previous decade dried up. The King’s Fund’s report …
CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN NORMAL AND REGENERATING NEURONS
Authors: Howard A. Howe, Robert C. Mellors
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

Manometric determinations of cytochrome oxidase activity were carried out on grey matter from the thalamus and anterior horn of cats and monkeys under various experimental conditions. The thalamus of the cat was studied following the degeneration of virtually all the thalamic neurons secondary to decortication. In comparing the deneuronated thalamus with the normal one, it was found that approximately 34 per cent of the cytochrome oxidase activity was contributed by the neurons and the balance by neuroglia and mesodermal tissues which on the operated side remained comparable to that of the normal side. Total activity of the normal thalamus averaged 5.52 units per mg. of dry weight where I unit is defined as the amount of cytochrome oxidase required to produce a net oxygen consumption of 10 c.mm. per hour under the specified conditions of the experiment. The grey matter of the anterior horns of the spinal cord was isolated by a special technique and its cytochrome oxidase activity was compared with anterior horns in which motoneurons had been stimulated to regenerative activity by section of peripheral nerves. Each animal was studied in relation to an anterior horn which was normal and one in which only the functional state of the motoneurons had been changed. Average normal levels of 2.23 units were found for cat anterior horn and 0.69 units for the monkey. Reductions of cytochrome oxidase activity in the range of 22 to 23 per cent were observed for both cat and monkey following nerve section. In the latter the time sequence was carefully studied in relation to the cytological cycle known as chromatolysis and a virus refractory state previously described by us. It was found that maximal reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity coincided with maximal refractoriness of the cells to poliomyelitis virus (30 to 70 days following nerve section). Neither of these states could be correlated in time with maximal chromatolysis (10 to 15 days).
Intelligent Design: Combination Therapy With Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Kathryn Ottolino-Perry, Jean-Simon Diallo, Brian D Lichty, John C Bell, J Andrea McCart
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Metastatic cancer remains an incurable disease in the majority of cases and thus novel treatment strategies such as oncolytic virotherapy are rapidly advancing toward clinical use. In order to be successful, it is likely that some type of combination therapy will be necessary to have a meaningful impact on this disease. Although it may be tempting to simply combine an oncolytic virus with the existing standard radiation or chemotherapeutics, the long-term goal of such treatments must be to have a rational, potentially synergistic combination strategy that can be safely and easily used in the clinical setting. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy with existing radiotherapy and chemotherapy modalities is reviewed along with novel biologic therapies including immunotherapies, in order to help investigators make intelligent decisions during the clinical development of these products. Metastatic cancer remains an incurable disease in the majority of cases and thus novel treatment strategies such as oncolytic virotherapy are rapidly advancing toward clinical use. In order to be successful, it is likely that some type of combination therapy will be necessary to have a meaningful impact on this disease. Although it may be tempting to simply combine an oncolytic virus with the existing standard radiation or chemotherapeutics, the long-term goal of such treatments must be to have a rational, potentially synergistic combination strategy that can be safely and easily used in the clinical setting. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy with existing radiotherapy and chemotherapy modalities is reviewed along with novel biologic therapies including immunotherapies, in order to help investigators make intelligent decisions during the clinical development of these products.
Anagrelide: A New Drug for Treating Thrombocytosis
Authors: Murray N. Silverstein, Robert M. Petitt, Lawrence A. Solberg, J. Stuart Fleming, Ronald C. Knight, Lee P. Schacter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Anagrelide is a member of the imidazo (2,1-b) quinazolin-2-one series of compounds, with a powerful antiaggregating effect on platelets. During studies in humans, anagrelide in small doses has produced thrombocytopenia. We therefore evaluated it in the treatment of thrombocytosis, and to date, platelet levels in 15 of 17 patients with primary thrombocythemia, 2 patients with polycythemia vera and thrombocytosis, and 1 patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia and thrombocytosis have been well controlled with the use of this agent. Induction doses of 1.0 to 1.5 mg given orally every six hours have produced a decrease in the platelet count, starting on day 5 and reaching a normal level by day 12. Side effects of anagrelide have been minimal. Maintenance therapy with 1.5 to 4.0 mg a day has continued to control the platelet count in patients for up to 28 months. This new agent appears promising in the treatment of thrombocytosis in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disease.
A Sample Health Board Propaganda.
Authors: John L. Irwin
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Detroit, Mich., Feb. 28, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I accepted the appointment as a member of the Detroit Board of Health from Governor Pingree, Feb. 21, 1899, for the term ending Feb. 28, 1903. On March 15, 1899, certain thoughts of mine appeared in the<i>Detroit Evening News</i>concerning the workings of the Detroit Health Department, and the kind of man needed as health officer. These thoughts later became my convictions, and were contained in my fixed policy, and were, viz.: Health officer to be a clinical physician with executive ability, and to have had personal experience diagnosing contagious diseases, including smallpox, scarlet fever and diphtheria. Health officer to examine personally suspicious or doubtful cases reported to the department, and meet personally private physicians asking consultation thereon. Health office to be operated on practical business principles, and without political coloring. Methods of health office to be up-to-date, but for every
Parenteral Vitamin Therapy
Authors: N. T. Pollitt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In her reply to Dr. Ginsburg's query ( 198 :686, 1966), Dr. Grace Goldsmith stated that she saw no reason for administering vitamins parenterally unless parenteral feeding were necessary. There are, however, other indications and, in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and certain European countries, high dosage parenteral vitamin therapy is widely used in the treatment of certain acute psychoses such as delirium tremens and acute confusional episodes. For that purpose there is at least one ethical pharmaceutical preparation on the market. 1 The mode of action of such preparations is unknown since, except in the alcoholic, there is rarely any question of primary or secondary vitamin deficiency. Gould 2,3 has postulated that the biochemical basis of certain acute psychoses secondary to the toxic effects of alcohol, for example, is one of interference with enzymatic activity in the cerebral utilization of glucose, and that saturation of the tissues with
Clonal mast cell disorders in patients with severe Hymenoptera venom allergy and normal serum tryptase levels
Authors: Roberta Zanotti, Carla Lombardo, Giovanni Passalacqua, Cristian Caimmi, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Giovanna De Matteis, Omar Perbellini, Maurizio Rossini, Donatella Schena, Moira Busa, Maria Cinzia Marcotulli, Maria Beatrice Bilò, Maurizio Franchini, Giovanni Marchi, Livio Simioni, Patrizia Bonadonna
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Antidepressants were associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes in depressed elders
Authors: Kouta Ito
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club21 February 2012Antidepressants were associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes in depressed eldersKouta Ito, MD, MSKouta Ito, MD, MSBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (K.I.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCoupland C, Dhiman P, Morriss R, et al. Antidepressant use and risk of adverse outcomes in older people: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d4551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21810886Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Mental Health: Geriatrics: References1 Mottram P, Wilson K, Strobl J. Antidepressants for depressed elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD003491. [PMID: 16437456] Google Scholar2 Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2716-24. [PMID: 14662625] Google Scholar3 Nakajima GA, Wenger NS. Quality indicators for the care of depression in vulnerable elders. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55:S302-11. [PMID: 17910551] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (K.I.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 February 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 4Page: JC2-13KeywordsAntidepressantsDrugsElderlyFallsHyponatremiaSuicideTransient ischemic attacks ePublished: 21 February 2012 Issue Published: 21 February 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Residents' Experiences in, and Attitudes Toward, the Care of Persons With AIDS in Canada, France, and the United States
Authors: Martin F. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate resident physicians' experiences in, and attitudes toward, the care of persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Canada, France, and the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional survey, using a self-administered, mailed questionnaire to residents in 10 American states, three French regions, and all 10 Canadian provinces, with follow-up surveys of nonresponders in France and the United States. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Systematic samples of residents in the last year of internal medicine or family medicine residencies prior to subspecialization or entry into medical practice. <h3>Results.</h3> —While the majority of residents had provided inpatient and outpatient care to persons with AIDS, most believed that their training in ambulatory care of persons with AIDS had been deficient. The rate of blood-contaminated needle-sticks from human immunodeficiency virus—infected patients ranged from 4% for internal medicine residents in Canada to 14% in the United States (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The majority recognized an ethical obligation to treat AIDS, but 4% in France, 14% in Canada, and 23% in the United States indicated that they would not care for persons with AIDS if they had a choice (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). A substantial minority of US physicians reported that a patient of theirs had been refused care by a medical specialist (19%) or a surgeon (39%), but less than 10% of French physicians reported such refusals (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Concerns about caring for AIDS patients were common and many physicians reported that patients were refused care. While most residents acknowledged an obligation to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection, many did not, and viewpoints varied considerably across the countries studied. The lower level of reluctance to treat AIDS patients in France and Canada makes it clear that the higher rate in the United States is far from optimal and needs to be addressed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:510-515)
The Empirical Status of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy - An Update: Bambi's Alive and Kicking
Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Frank Leweke, Susanne Klein, Christiane Steinert
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures proposed rigorous criteria to define empirically supported psychotherapies. According to these criteria, 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showing efficacy are required for a treatment to be designated as ‘efficacious' and 1 RCT for a designation as ‘possibly efficacious'. Applying these criteria modified by Chambless and Hollon, this article presents an update on the evidence for psychodynamic therapy (PDT) in specific mental disorders. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A systematic search was performed using the criteria by Chambless and Hollon for study selection, as follows: (1) RCT of PDT in adults, (2) use of reliable and valid measures for diagnosis and outcome, (3) use of treatment manuals or manual-like guidelines, (4) adult population treated for specific problems and (5) PDT superior to no treatment, placebo or alternative treatment or equivalent to an established treatment. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 39 RCTs were included. Following Chambless and Hollon, PDT can presently be designated as efficacious in major depressive disorder (MDD), social anxiety disorder, borderline and heterogeneous personality disorders, somatoform pain disorder, and anorexia nervosa. For MDD, this also applies to the combination with pharmacotherapy. PDT can be considered as possibly efficacious in dysthymia, complicated grief, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance abuse/dependence. Evidence is lacking for obsessive-compulsive, posttraumatic stress, bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorder(s). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Evidence has emerged that PDT is efficacious or possibly efficacious in a wide range of common mental disorders. Further research is required for those disorders for which sufficient evidence does not yet exist.
Intravascular ultrasound: Safety and indications for use in 7085 consecutive patients studied in 32 centers in Europe and Israel
Authors: Günter Görge, Ronaldus J.G. Peters, Fausto Pinto, Alessandro Distante, Cees A. Visser, Alan G. Fraser, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
An early lesion in hepatic carcinogenesis: Loss of heterozygosity in human cirrhotic livers and dysplastic nodules at the 1p36-p34 region
Authors: Min Sun, James R. Eshleman, Linda D. Ferrell, Gretta Jacobs, Eulalia C. Sudilovsky, Ralph Tuthill, Mahmoud R. Hussein, Oscar Sudilovsky
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 1 has been suggested, by karyotyping, to be an initial episode in human hepatocarcinogenesis. However, this alteration has not yet been investigated in cirrhotic nodules (CNs) or dysplastic nodules (DNs). In an initial study from explanted or resected cirrhotic livers, LOH in 1p36–p32 was examined in 31 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 25 low–grade dysplastic nodules (LGDNs), and 24 high–grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs). In HCCs, LOH was detected most frequently at loci D1S2843 (1p36.1) (28.6%), D1S513 (1p34.3) (29.2%), and MYCL1 (1p34.1) (28.6%). In HGDN and LGDN, LOH incidences at D1S513 were 11.1% and 13.6%, respectively. To further refine those results and to determine sequential relationships among CN, DN, and HCC, LOH was next studied in an additional 53 HCCs, 56 HGDNs, 30 LGDNs, and 215 CNs from 11 explanted human cirrhotic livers, including 30 “nodule–in–nodule” lesions. Seven markers between D1S2843 (1p36.12) and MYCL1 (1p34.1), and 1 each at D1S484 (1q24.1), IGF2R–3 (6q26), and TP53 (17p13.1) were used. LOH at D1S2843 and D1S513 was detected in HCCs (20.4% and 23.5%, respectively), HGDNs (7.7% and 18.5%), LGDNs (13.6% and 6.9%), and CNs surrounding either HCCs or DNs (7.4% and 8.3%). These results demonstrate that LOH at D1S2843 and D1S513 are early events in human liver carcinogenesis. Data from CN surrounding either HCCs or DN, and also nodule–in–nodule lesions, provide evidence supporting a CN→DN→HCC progression. Different deletion patterns from multiple HCCs and DNs suggest independent origins for carcinogenesis in the same individual.
A Wandering Spleen Detection By In-111 Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: LOUIS F. POSILLICO, AJIT N. SHAH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A wandering spleen is a rare condition characterized by splenic malposition due to congenital maldevelopment or laxity of the supporting ligamentous structures that usually fixate the anatomical position of the spleen. The diagnosis is often difficult to make clinically. In this report, a case is described in which an In-111 oxime labeled leukocyte scan was helpful in making a diagnosis of a wandering spleen.
An acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal naevus with other features of Darier's disease on the same side of the body
Authors: C.S. MUNRO, N.H. COX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article An acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal naevus with other features of Darier's disease on the same side of the body Get access C.S. MUNRO, C.S. MUNRO Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Dr C.S.Munro, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.H. COX N.H. COX Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 168–171, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08051.x Published: 01 August 1992
Regionality of glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis in the liver lobule of the rat: Metabolic heterogeneity of “portal” and “septal” sinusoids
Authors: Harald F. Teutsch
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

To investigate intercellular compartmentation of liver metabolism, we have recently introduced new procedures for quantitative assessment of metabolic liver cell heterogeneity both along sinusoids of portal and septal origins as well as at the level of the parenchymal unit, and also for three-dimensional imaging of enzyme and metabolite distribution. As part of the evaluation of the role of metabolic liver cell heterogeneity for the regulation of net substrate flux in the glucose-6-phosphatase/glucokinase system, and for the reduction of of these antagonistic enzymes, these techniques were used on livers from male rats. They served to obtain distribution data on glucose-6-phosphatase (the hydrolytic component of the glucose-6-phosphatase/glucokinase system) and its substrate, glucose-6-P, during the postresorptive phase (i.e., a metabolic state of net glucose release). Glucose-6-phosphatase (Vmax) and glucose-6-P were shown to decrease along the sinusoidal axis, and values of both parameters were significantly higher along sinusoids of portal than septal origin. Distribution of in vivo rates of glucose-6-P hydrolysis indicates the importance of metabolite distribution for in vivo regulation of liver cell function, insofar as it considerably increases the degree of heterogeneity among hepatocytes over that maximal rates of glucose formation. Histo- and microchemical data support the concept of a "lobular parenchymal unit" composed of "primary lobules," and justify the conclusion that hepatocyte function, in addition to the hormonal and nutritional states of the animal, not only depends upon cell location along the sinusoidal axis, but also on the origin of sinusoids.
Acute kidney injury following coronary angiography is associated with a long-term decline in kidney function
Authors: Matthew T. James, William A. Ghali, Marcello Tonelli, Peter Faris, Merril L. Knudtson, Neesh Pannu, Scott W. Klarenbach, Braden J. Manns, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn
Journal: Kidney International (2010)