tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1011 RISK AND PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY OR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AMONG ENTECAVIR- OR ADEFOVIR-TREATED CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH EVIDENCE OF HEPATIC DECOMPENSATION
Authors: Y.-F. Liaw, M. Raptopoulou-Gigi, H. Cheinquer, S.K. Sarin, T. Tanwandee, N. Leung, C.-Y. Peng, R.P. Myers, R.S. Brown, N. Tsai, J. Bialkowska, S. Tang, E. Cooney
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Return of refugees to Afghanistan catches agencies by surprise
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A massive return of refugees from neighboring countries such as Pakistan and Iran caught agencies by surprise and continuing insecurity in the provinces has led to an over-concentration of services in Kabul. Currently 50 of the country’s 220 districts have no medical facility available and half of Afghanistan’s 44 hospitals doing surgery have no means of testing blood for infectious diseases such as hepatitis. (excerpt)
Endotoxin and traumatic shock. Role of the capillaries and small blood vessels
Authors: C. C. Berdjis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

From previous experiments and this report, it appears that the capillaries and small blood vessels are the most sensitive organs in shock situations. The early histologic changes detected by electron microscopy and reported here confirm this observation. This finding also helps to distinguish experimentally between the two phases of shock. The vesiculation, intracapillary fibrin formation, disseminated thrombi, and associated metabolic disturbances are considered to be the initiators of irreversible shock. The cardiovascular management, therefore, occupies the utmost important place in this complex syndrome.
Aetiology of acute glomerulonephritis.
Authors: P R Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1973)

12 hours.His E.C.G. was monitored and he went into atrial fibrillation on a second occasion, reverting to sinus rhythm after six hours, again without treatment.His neurological condition showed steady improvement and he was dis- charged walking with sticks.The cause of his atrial fibrillation remains obscure though toxic myocarditis is a possibility.He had no obvious chest or other infec- tion nor evidence of ischaemic heart disease either clinically or on E.C.G.s taken before and after exertion."Paralysis of the heart" in neuropathy was described by Oslerl in 1892 and tachycardia was noted by Guillain,2 Kernohan,3 and others.Davies and Dingle4 described five patients with Guillain-Barrd syndrome, all on respirators, who had tachycardia, one of whom showed ventricular ectopic beats on the E.C.G.Of 15 recent cases seen in this hospital, eight had a pulse rate (between 120 and 160/min and half showed non-specific S-T changes in the E.C.G.This tachycardia was out of proportion to any expected rise asso- ciated with a pyrexia and tended to occur at the height of the illness.It may be that the mortality of around 10%5 seen in this condition despite effective positive pressure respiration may be in part due to cardiac arrhythmias, and on the pre- mise that these are potentially treatable E.C.G. monitoring of all patients showing a sustained tachycardia is advisable.I would like to thank Dr. P. Millac for per- mission to report this case and for helpful criticism.
Epipodophyllotoxins, alkylating agents, and radiation and risk of secondary leukaemia after childhood cancer.
Authors: M. M. Hawkins, L. M. Wilson, M. A. Stovall, H. B. Marsden, M. H. Potok, J. E. Kingston, J. M. Chessells
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the incidence and aetiology of secondary leukaemia after childhood cancer in Britain. DESIGN--Cohort study and a case-control study. SETTING--Britain and population based National Register of Childhood Tumours. SUBJECTS--Cohort of 16,422 one year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed in Britain between 1962 and 1983, among whom 22 secondary leukaemias were observed. A case-control study of 26 secondary leukaemias observed among survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed in Britain between 1940 and 1983; 96 controls were selected matched for sex, type of first cancer, age at first cancer, and interval to diagnosis of secondary leukaemia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Dose of radiation averaged over patients9 active bone marrow and total accumulated dose of epipodophyllotoxins, alkylating agents, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites, and antibiotics (mg/m2) given for the original cancer. RESULTS--Cumulative risk of secondary leukaemia within the cohort did not exceed 0.5% over the initial five years beyond one year survival, except that after non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas 1.4% of patients developed secondary leukaemia. Corresponding figure for patients treated for non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas in the early 1980s was 4%. The relative risk of secondary leukaemia increased significantly with exposure to epipodophyllotoxins and dose of radiation averaged over patients9 active bone marrow. Ten patients developed leukaemia after having an epipodophyllotoxin-teniposide in nine cases, etoposide in one. Chromosomal translocations involving 11q23 were observed relating to two secondary leukaemias from a total of six for which there were successful cytogenetic studies after administration of an epipodophyllotoxin. CONCLUSIONS--Epipodophyllotoxins acting alone or together with alkylating agents or radiation seem to be involved in secondary leukaemia after childhood cancer.
Manufacturer's Warning Regarding Unapproved Uses of Misoprostol
Authors: Michael A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The review article in this issue by Goldberg et al. and the accompanying editorial by Hale and Zinberg were sent to G.D. Searle, the manufacturer of misoprostol, which offers the following: To the Editor: The article by Goldberg et al. on misoprostol and pregnancy1, the accompanying editorial by Hale and Zinberg,2 and the events surrounding the approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of mifepristone for the termination of pregnancy raise important issues. Searle has been invited to clarify its position and actions in this regard. We at Searle share the overriding concern of Hale and Zinberg that . . .
The Toxic Politics of Health Care
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Severe cutaneous reactions to alternative remedies.
Authors: B Monk
Journal: BMJ (1986)

treatment, and 88 mm Hg after six months' treatment (p>05, paired l test; 95% confidence interval for the difference between means -3 to + 4 mm Hg).Similar stability was seen in the placebo group, in whom the corresponding diastolic pressures were 93, 92, and 92 mm Hg (p>030, paired t test; 95% confidence interval -5 to + 2 mm Hg).After six months' treatment the change in blood pressure from the pretreatment value was not significandy different between the two groups (diastolic: p=0A4 (unpaired t test), 95% confidence interval for the difference between means -3 to + 7 mm Hg; systolic: p=0-9 (unpaired t test), 95% confidence interval -9 to + 8 mm Hg).There was no significant difference in serum magnesium, potassium, sodium or creatinine concentrations between the two groups after six months' treatment (p>0 05, unpaired t test).
Computerized Adaptive Test–Depression Inventory Not Ready for Prime Time
Authors: Bernard J. Carroll
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Beta-adrenergic upregulation of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter in rat parotid acinar cells.
Authors: M Paulais, R J Turner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We used the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6')-carboxyfluorescein to monitor the recovery of the intracellular pH (pHi) of rat parotid acini from an NH4(+)-induced alkaline load. This recovery was markedly inhibited by the loop diuretic bumetanide and by Cl- removal, indicating that it is largely due to NH4+ entry via the basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter. The rate of recovery of pHi was enhanced threefold by pretreatment (37.5 s) with isoproterenol (K1/2 = 21.5 nM) or norepinephrine (in the presence of phentolamine), and blocked by the beta 1-specific antagonist atenolol, indicating an upregulation of cotransport activity by beta 1-adrenergic stimulation. The effect of isoproterenol was prevented by protein kinase inhibitors and mimicked by cAMP analogues, and by maneuvers known to increase cytosolic cAMP levels in these cells, consistent with the involvement of protein kinase A. Physiologically, such an upregulation of the acinar Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter would lead to an increase in acinar chloride uptake across the basolateral membrane, and consequently, an increase in overall chloride and fluid secretion. Prevention of this upregulation by beta-blockers and possibly by other commonly used clinical agents may account for the dry mouth and dry eyes experienced by some patients taking these medications.
Urticaria Following Betamethasone
Authors: Stuart Maddin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Despite the widespread use of betamethasone and other similar corticosteroids such as dexamethasone, there have been no published reports on the occurrence of urticaria following their use. According to L. Meyler, editor Side Effects of Drugs, there has been no adverse reaction reported in the medical literature involving betamethasone at the time of the latest publication, and this fact was verified in personal correspondence with him (Excerpta Med401, 1966).  However, a few reports concern anaphylactoid reactions, urticaria, and purpura occurring after the use of hydrocortisone (J Pediat64:387, 1964;Amer J Gastroent33:435, 1960;Mayo Clin Proc35:537, 1960)  Report of a Case:—  A 52-year-old white man was referred for the treatment of an extensive contact dermatitis complicating an area of lichen simplex chronicus, which involved the left thigh, of some eight years' duration.  Initially, treatment consisted of triamcinolone cream, betamethasone, 0.5 mg,
Global Health — The Gates–Buffett Effect
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Standing before a giant AIDS ribbon, Bill and Melinda Gates greeted some 26,000 researchers and public health workers on the opening night of last month's conference hosted by the International AIDS Society in Toronto. Bill Gates's voice echoed through the stadium as he assured the conference delegates, "Melinda and I have made stopping AIDS the top priority of our foundation." The Gateses spoke in turn, revealing both their passion and their clear-eyed intellectual engagement. Bill Gates talked of the new optimism he senses in Africa with the increased availability of antiretroviral drugs, but he warned that without increased prevention efforts, . . .
Urinary Excretion of Aquaporin-2 in Patients with Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Kazuo Kanno, Sei Sasaki, Yukio Hirata, San-e Ishikawa, Kiyohide Fushimi, Setsuko Nakanishi, Daniel G. Bichet, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Urine-concentrating ability is regulated by vasopressin. Recently, the specific water-channel protein of the renal collecting duct, known as aquaporin-2, was cloned. However, it is not certain whether this molecule is responsive to vasopressin.
GEOMETRICAL REVERSE REMODELING OF LEFT ATRIUM AFTER ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION
Authors: Felipe Bisbal, Esther Guiu, Pilar Cabanas, Naiara Calvo, Antonio Berruezo, Elena Arbelo, Barbara Vidal, Teresa M. Caralt, Jose M. Tolosana, Josep Brugada, Lluis Mont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 4099: Utilization of methylation levels across the H19 and IGF2 genes as a predictive marker for various types of cancer
Authors: Matthew L. Poulin, Ann Meyer, Neil Crawford, Shi Lei, Jessica Xu, Liying Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract H19 and IGF2 are reciprocally imprinted genes found on chromosome 11. Epigenetic gene deregulation is increasingly shown to play a role in many types of cancer. Imprinted genes are especially susceptible to epigenetic regulatory changes because of silencing of one allele and the dependence on proper methylation for normal function. One of the goals in cancer research is to identify molecular markers that will predict the onset of specific cancers. The pattern of methylation across the IGF2 and H19 genes can be used to characterize the difference between normal and cancerous tissue as well as the difference between different tumor tissues. By developing methylation assays that can determine the levels of methylation for all of the CpG sites across these two genes, we can establish patterns that could be predictive in detecting the onset of specific cancer types. We have developed numerous methylation assays across the H19 and IGF2 genes and have determined the methylation levels of DNA isolated from breast, cervical, ovarian and colon cancers and their corresponding normal tissue DNAs. We show that there are unique patterns of methylation between normal and cancerous tissues, as well as distinct patterns across different types of cancers. The differences in methylation patterns between DNA isolated from tumor and normal adjacent tissue across four different tumor types in these genes indicates the critical influence of epigenetic regulation in this region on the progression of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4099. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4099
Distribution of Ha-ras alleles in patients with colorectal cancer and Crohn's disease.
Authors: R Klingel, P Mittelstaedt, W G Dippold, K H Meyer zum Buschenfelde
Journal: Gut (1991)

The allele distribution of the Ha-ras gene on chromosome 11p was analysed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the enzymes Mspl/Hpall in 238 individuals. The investigation covered 116 patients with colorectal carcinoma and 122 patients with Crohn9s disease, representing two patient populations with the same ethnic origin, one with a malignant and the other a benign disease of the same organ system. A total of 17 different alleles were detected belonging to the common, intermediate, and rare classes according to the original nomenclature of Ha-ras alleles. Patients with Crohn9s disease showed no difference in the distribution of Ha-ras alleles when compared with expected frequencies. In patients with colorectal carcinoma, the frequency of rare alleles was significantly increased compared with the patients with Crohn9s disease (chi 2 = 8.166; Fisher9s exact test = 0.005) and with a reference population of 424 cancer free individuals (chi 2 = 49.312; Fisher9s exact test = 0.000). Homozygosity was not detected for any rare allele. The occurrence of a rare Ha-ras allele was not linked to the location of the colorectal tumour. These results confirm the hypothesis that unique Ha-ras alleles represent an inherited factor which predisposes the development of colorectal cancer.
Combined heterozygosity of factor V Leiden and the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation in a patient with cerebral cortical vein thrombosis
Authors: Xiao-Yuan Liu, Theodore G. Gabig, Nils U. Bang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of stroke with a variety of causes. Several reports have suggested that either factor V Leiden or G20210A prothrombin gene mutation is associated with an increased risk of CVT. The genetic thrombophilias are typically associated with other predisposing factors. We report a unique case of CVT in a patient with both the factor V Leiden and the G20210A prothrombin gene mutations without other identifiable precipitating factors in a 28-year-old white male in good health. MRI and cerebral arterial angiography showed cerebral cortical venous thrombosis. This case suggests that combined heterozygous individuals may be particularly prone to spontaneous thrombosis, like CVT.
Response to Smallpox Vaccine in Persons Immunized in the Distant Past
Authors: Sharon E. Frey
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextThere is renewed interest in use of smallpox vaccine due to the potential for a bioterrorist attack. This would involve vaccinating health care workers who were previously vaccinated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of diluted vaccinia virus in vaccination of previously vaccinated (non-naive) participants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsEighty non-naive participants, aged 32 to 60 years, were randomized in a single-blinded study to receive either undiluted or diluted (1:3.2, 1:10, or 1:32) doses of smallpox vaccine. A comparison group, aged 18 to 31 years, of 10 vaccinia-naive participants received undiluted vaccine. Participants were enrolled between April 1 and May 15, 2002, at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit at Saint Louis University, St Louis, Mo.InterventionSmallpox vaccine was administered by scarification using 15 skin punctures in the deltoid region of the arm.Main Outcome MeasuresPresence of a major reaction, defined as a vesicular or pustular lesion or area of palpable induration surrounding a central lesion following vaccination, and measures of viral shedding and antibody titers.ResultsInitial vaccination resulted in a major reaction in 64 of 80 non-naive participants. Ninety-five percent of non-naive participants had major reactions in the undiluted group, 90% in the 1:3.2 dilution group, 81% in the 1:10 dilution group, and 52.6% in the 1:32 dilution group. All (n = 10) of the vaccinia-naive participants had major reactions. Compared with vaccinia-naive participants, non-naive participants had significantly smaller skin lesions (P = .04) and significantly less incidence of fever (P = .02). Preexisting antibody was present in 76 of 80 non-naive participants. Antibody responses were significantly higher and occurred more rapidly in the non-naive participants compared with the vaccinia-naive participants (P = .002 for day 28 and P = .003 for 6 months). Vaccinia-naive participants shed virus from the vaccination site 2 to 6 days longer and had significantly higher peak mean viral titers when compared with the non-naive participants (P = .002).ConclusionsPreviously vaccinated persons can be successfully revaccinated with diluted (≤1:10) smallpox vaccine. Fewer adverse reactions were observed in this study of non-naive participants when compared with events in vaccinia-naive participants, which may be due to immunologic memory.
Tsc2+/– mice develop tumors in multiple sites that express gelsolin and are influenced by genetic background
Authors: Hiroaki Onda, Andreas Lueck, Peter W. Marks, Henry B. Warren, David J. Kwiatkowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder in which benign hamartomas develop in multiple organs, caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. We developed a murine model of Tsc2 disease using a gene targeting approach. Tsc2-null embryos die at embryonic days 9.5-12.5 from hepatic hypoplasia. Tsc2 heterozygotes display 100% incidence of multiple bilateral renal cystadenomas, 50% incidence of liver hemangiomas, and 32% incidence of lung adenomas by 15 months of age. Progression to renal carcinoma, fatal bleeding from the liver hemangiomas, and extremity angiosarcomas all occur at a rate of less than 10%. The renal cystadenomas develop from intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct and uniformly express gelsolin at high levels, enabling detection of early neoplastic lesions. The tumor expression pattern of the mice is influenced by genetic background, with fewer large renal cystadenomas in the outbred Black Swiss background and more angiosarcomas in 129/SvJae chimeric mice. The slow growth of the tumors in the heterozygote mice matches the limited growth potential of the great majority of TSC hamartomas, and the influence of genetic background on phenotype correlates with the marked variability in expression of TSC seen in patients.
The effect of physical training upon the mechanical and metabolic performance of the rat heart
Authors: Somsong Penpargkul, James Scheuer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The dynamic and metabolic performance of rats conditioned by a swimming program (CH) and hearts of sedentary rats (SH) was studied in an isolated working rat heart apparatus. Heart rate, filling pressure, and afterload were controlled or kept constant, and heart weights were comparable in both groups.
Disease Surveillance: A Public Health Informatics Approach
Authors: Russ Lopez
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal