tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital Preparation for Bioterror: A Medical and Biomedical Systems Approach
Authors: Jerry L. Mothershead
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stimulating reporting of adverse drug reactions by using a fee.
Authors: J Feely, S Moriarty, P O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1990)

which may lead to serious postoperative bleeding are more commonly associated with certain cephalosporins having the N-methylthiotetrazole side chain-' but have been noted with others -such as cefuroxime -lacking this side chain.23Some investigators have suggested that the pharma- cokinetic profile of an antibiotic is important if it is to be given only preoperatively and have advocated the use of antibiotics with prolonged elimination half lives-for example, ceftriaxone," which is not available in Britain.Our results imply that this is not necessary for operations lasting up to 90 minutes.The half lives of both cephalosporins used here are in the order of one to one and a half hours.Cefotaxime, however, undergoes desacetylation to a metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, which has broad spectrum antibiotic activity and hence prolongs the duration of antibiotic activity of the parent drug.24Nevertheless, for operations which extend beyond 90 minutes our results suggest that a peroperative "topping up" dose may be beneficial (though only 107 of 907 (11 8%) operations in this study were of greater than two hours' duration).It is evident that prophylactic postoperative doses of cefuroxime plus metronidazole confer no additional benefit over a single preoperative dose of cefotaxime plus metronidazole.Interim results of this study were presented as posters at the 28th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy held in Los Angeles in October 1988 and at the 16th international congress of chemotherapy, Jerusalem, in June 1989.
Modulation of Oxidant Stress In Vivo in Chronic Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Murdeach Reilly, Norman Delanty, John A. Lawson, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Free radical–induced oxidative damage is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with cigarette smoking. We examined the production of 8- epi- prostaglandin (PG) F 2 α , a stable product of lipid peroxidation in vivo, and its modulation by aspirin and antioxidant vitamins in chronic cigarette smokers. Methods and Results We performed the following studies: (1) a cross-sectional comparison of smokers and control subjects, (2) an examination of the dose-response relationship, (3) an exploration of the effect of smoking cessation (3 weeks) and nicotine patch supplementation, (4) the effect of aspirin consumption, and (5) the effects of 5 days’ dosing with vitamin E (100 and 800 U), vitamin C (2 g), and their combination. 8- epi -PGF 2 α excretion (in pmol/mmol, mean±SEM) was 176.5±30.6 in heavy smokers, 92.7±4.8 ( P &lt;.05) in moderate smokers, and 54.1±2.7 ( P &lt;.005) in nonsmokers. Urinary levels fell from 145.5±24.9 to 114.6±27.1 (week 2, P &lt;.05) and 112.6±24.9 (week 3, P &lt;.05) on cessation of smoking. Aspirin treatment failed to suppress urinary levels of 8- epi- PGF 2 α despite a significant reduction in urinary 11-dehydro-TxB 2 production and suppression of 8- epi- PGF 2 α and TxB 2 in serum. Vitamin C (pre, 194.6±40.9; post, 137.2±34.1; P &lt;.05) and a combination of vitamin C and E (pre, 171.0±39.8; post, 133.5±29.6; P &lt;.05) suppressed urinary 8- epi- PGF 2 α , whereas vitamin E alone had no effect. Conclusions Urinary 8- epi- PGF 2 α may represent a noninvasive, quantitative index of oxidant stress in vivo. Elevated levels of 8- epi- PGF 2 α in smokers may be modulated by quitting cigarettes and switching to nicotine patches or by antioxidant vitamin therapy.
Multiple Pulmonary Emboli following Artificial Hibernation with Hypothermia
Authors: R. S. Lambie, L. G. Joseph, G. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Recently we have had a patient with carcinoma of the cardia of the stomach which was present in a hiatal hernia.A transthoracic oesophago-gastrectomy was performed in which " artificial hibernation" with hypothermia was used, the technique employed being a modification of that described by Huguenard (1953).Following this procedure multiple pulmonary emboli developed, and in this paper some of the factors which may have predisposed to this complication are discussed.
Heregulin Regulates Prolactinoma Gene Expression
Authors: George Vlotides, Odelia Cooper, Yen-Hao Chen, Song-Guang Ren, Yona Greenman, Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract To investigate the role of p185her2/neu/ErbB3 signaling in pituitary tumor function, we examined these receptors in human prolactinomas. Immunofluorescent p185her2/neu was detected in almost all (seven of eight), and ErbB3 expression in a subset (four of eight) of tumors (seven adenomas and one carcinoma). Quantitative PCR also showed abundant ErbB3 mRNA in tumor specimens derived from a rarely encountered prolactin-cell carcinoma. Activation of p185c-neu/ErbB3 signaling with heregulin, the ErbB3 ligand, in rat lacto-somatotroph (GH4C1) tumor cells specifically induced prolactin (PRL) mRNA expression ∼5-fold and PRL secretion ∼4-fold, whereas growth hormone expression was unchanged. Heregulin (6 nmol/L) induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ErbB3 and p185c-neu heterodimerization, with subsequent activation of intracellular ERK and Akt. The Akt signal was specific to ErbB3 activation by heregulin, and was not observed in response to epidermal growth factor activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Gefitinib, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed heregulin-mediated p185c-neu/ErbB3 signaling to PRL. Heregulin induction of PRL was also abrogated by transfecting cells with short interfering RNA directed against ErbB3. Pharmacologic inhibition of heregulin-induced phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (with LY294002) and ERK (with U0126) signaling, as well as short interfering RNA–mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 down-regulation, showed ERK signaling as the primary transducer of heregulin signaling to PRL. These results show ErbB3 expression in human prolactinomas and a novel ErbB3-mediated mechanism for PRL regulation in experimental lactotroph tumors. Targeted inhibition of up-regulated p185c-neu/ErbB3 activity could be useful for the treatment of aggressive prolactinomas resistant to conventional therapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(10):4209–16]
Authors' reply to BioMarin Europe
Authors: D. J. Nicholl, D. Hilton-Jones, J. Palace, J. Winer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

BioMarin Europe feels that our letter on the costs of orphan drugs such as amifampridine (Firdapse) for Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and the safety of existing unlicensed treatments, such as 3,4-diaminopyridine base (3,4-DAP), contained inaccuracies.1 2 The Department of Health has confirmed that the additional cost of amifampridine in England is £9 768 668 (€11 400 035; $15 294 803) (excluding …
The sting challenge test in Hymenoptera venom allergy Position paper of the subcommittee on Insect Venom Allergy of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology
Authors: F. Ruëff, B. Przybilla, U. Müller, H. Mosbech
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Ruëff F, Przybilla B, Müller U, Mosbech H. The sting challenge test in Hymenoptera venom allergy. Position paper of the Subcommittee on Insect Venom Allergy of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 1996: 51: 216–225. © Munksgaard 1996.
Equity versus efficiency: a dilemma for the NHS
Authors: F. Sassi, J. Le Grand, L. Archard
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Concerns about equitable provision and financing of health care have characterised the NHS since its foundation. Evidence of persisting and, in some cases, widening health inequalities, gathered since the publication of the Black report,1 has progressively raised equity to a high rank among health policy objectives.2 Though the general aim of reducing health inequalities appears uncontroversial, the practical notions of equity that should inform policy and the ways in which these should be implemented are far from clear. Even more importantly, there is no consensus on how to deal with policies that may cause a conflict between the goals of equity and efficiency—that is, those that may improve efficiency while increasing health inequalities or improve fairness while decreasing efficiency. The equity versus efficiency dilemma3 has been virtually ignored in the political debate, often leading to inconsistent judgments in the development of health policies.

In a report recently published by the NHS Health Technology Assessment programme4 we examined examples of the equity-efficiency dilemma that the NHS …
Myocardial blood flow is altered at rest and after dipyridamole in patients with syndrome X
Authors: Alfredo R. Galassi, Luis I. Araujo, Filippo Crea, Juan C. Kaski, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Yusuke Yamamoto, Eldad Rechavia, Terry Jones, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Loculated Ascites Producing Extramural Ureteral Obstruction???Demonstration on Technetium-99m DTPA Imaging and Ultrasonography
Authors: RAJEEV PRAKASH, RAKESH K. GUPTA, MAHINDER K. CHOPRA, PUNAM BEHL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Bilateral ureteral obstruction was detected on Tc-99m DTPA renal imaging in a 25-year-old man undergoing investigation for ascites. Extramural ureteral compression was caused by a localized ascites lying above the urinary bladder; it was visualized as a photopenic area on the sequential images. This partial obstruction was promptly relieved on furosemide administration. Indentation of the urinary bladder by the loculated fluid was further demonstrated on sonography.
Induced sputum cell counts: their usefulness in clinical practice
Authors: L. Jayaram, K. Parameswaran, M.r Sears, F.e Hargreave
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Airway inflammation is fundamental to the aetiology and persistence of asthma and other airway conditions. The presence and type of airway inflammation can be difficult to detect clinically, delaying the introduction of appropriate treatment. Induced sputum cell counts are a relatively noninvasive, safe and reliable method of identifying airway inflammation. They can accurately discriminate eosinophilic airway inflammation from noneosinophilic airway inflammation, and help guide therapy. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is steroid responsive whilst noneosinophilic (usually neutrophilic) inflammation generally is not. Macrophages containing haemosiderin can be useful in detecting left ventricular dysfunction and macrophages containing lipid are suggestive of oropharyngeal reflux with microaspiration, both of which can complicate or confuse assessment of airway disease. To date, studies using induced sputum are primarily observational. Management studies based on examination of induced sputum are now needed to validate the clinical utility of this test.
A simple ECG method using high-risk infarct territory is superior to ECGs using summed ST elevation for assessing risk in ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Graham C. Wong, Sabina A. Murphy, David A. Morrow, Robert P. Giugliano, Christopher P. Cannon, James de Lemos, Marc S. Sabatine, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The kinase Btk negatively regulates the production of reactive oxygen species and stimulation-induced apoptosis in human neutrophils
Authors: Fumiko Honda, Hirotsugu Kano, Hirokazu Kanegane, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Eun-Sung Kim, Sang-Kyou Lee, Masatoshi Takagi, Shuki Mizutani, Tomohiro Morio
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
WHO admits to "inconsistencies" in its policy on conflicts of interest
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization has admitted that its policies governing the publication of conflicts of interests of its expert advisers have “inconsistencies” and that safeguards “surrounding engagements with industry” need to be tightened.

The agency was responding to criticisms of its handling of the swine flu pandemic in an investigation by the BMJ and the Bureau of Investigative Journalism and a report from the Council of Europe published last week.

The joint BMJ and bureau investigation found that key scientists advising WHO on planning for a flu pandemic had done paid work for drug firms that stood to gain from the guidance and that the agency had not declared these conflicts of interests ( BMJ 2010;340:c2912, 3 Jun, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2912). In addition, …
Abstract 2515: Inverse relationship between PSA and IL-8 in prostate cancer: An insight into the mechanisms of NF-κB-mediated radioresistance
Authors: Yong Xu, Fang Fang, Daret K. St. Clair, William H. St. Clair
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), an inflammatory responsive transcription factor, is involved in tumorigenesis and resistance of cancer cells to therapy-induced cytotoxicity. Our previous studies demonstrated that activation of RelB-mediated NF-κB alternative pathway contributes to tumorigenicity of prostate cancer, decreased the circulating levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), and enhanced the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8). The present study extends to directly test the role of RelB on radioresistance of prostate cancer in vivo, investigate the relationship between IL8 and PSA expression, and determine their role in the response of prostate cancer to radiation. We found that expression of RelB in prostate cancer cells with a low basal level of RelB (LNCaP) reduced their radiosensitivity and suppression of RelB in prostate cancer cells with a high basal level of RelB (PC3) enhanced their radiosensitivity in vitro and in xenograft tumors. The RelB-mediated inverse relationship between PSA and IL-8 expression was verified through direct modulation of RelB levels by transfection of RelB cDNA and RNAi in multiple prostate cancer cell lines. Interestingly, when the cellular levels of PSA and IL-8 were manipulated, by treating cultural cells with pure compounds or genetic manipulations, we found that up-regulation of IL-8 with concurrent down-regulation of PSA reduced radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells. In contrast, up-regulation of PSA with concurrence down-regulation of IL-8 resulted in an increase in radiosensitivity. Together, the results reveal a previously unrecognized role of IL-8 on PSA expression, identify an inverse relationship between PSA and IL-8 as an indicator of radiosensitivity and implicate inhibition of the NF-κB alterative pathway as a promising approach for prostate cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2515. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2515
Factors in the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis*†
Authors: ALLEN K. KRAUSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 July 1928Factors in the Pathogenesis of TuberculosisWith a Preliminary Discussion of ActivityALLEN K. KRAUSEALLEN K. KRAUSESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-1-21 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis address starts with the premise that the termPathogenesis, applied to tuberculosis, seeks to define a purely clinical concept. Modern medicine has made it plain that anatomical effects of tubercle bacilli quite commonly and, indeed, rather characteristically exist in the body without appreciable disturbance of the economy of the human organism. After bacilli are received, tuberculous foci form; they evolve and subside, they come and go, they reproduce and spread, they remain engrafted throughout a lifetime; meanwhile, if situated away from the surface of the body, they pursue their course entirely unknown to their possessor, and unfelt. If (let...Reference(1) VON MÜLLER F: Errors and difficulties in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1927, xv, 188. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALLEN K. KRAUSEAffiliations: Baltimore*From the Kenneth Dows Tuberculosis Research Fund of the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.†Presented in part at the annual meeting of the College of American Physicians, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 6, 1928. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPRIMARY PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS 1 July 1928Volume 2, Issue 1Page: 21-55KeywordsPathogenesisResearch funding ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Brief Communication: Outcomes of Subsequent Pregnancy after Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Case Series from Haiti
Authors: James D. Fett, Len G. Christie, Joseph G. Murphy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Maternal risks with pregnancies after an index diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are inadequately understood. Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes of subsequent pregnancy in Haitian women with PPCM. Design: Prospectively identified cases from a defined population base, 2000–2005. Setting: Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti. Patients: 15 patients with PPCM and subsequent pregnancies among 99 prospectively identified patients with PPCM. Measurements: Clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Results: Fifteen women with PPCM had 16 subsequent pregnancies after the index pregnancies. Eight of these patients experienced worsening heart failure; of these, 1 died and 1 regained normal left ventricular systolic function. Seven patients tolerated pregnancy without worsening heart failure, and ventricular function recovered in these patients within 30 months after the subsequent pregnancy. Limitations: The results may not apply to non-Haitian women, and power was insufficient to identify factors that might predict recovery (n = 15). Conclusions: Half of the women with subsequent pregnancy after PPCM experienced worsening heart failure and long-term systolic dysfunction, while the other half experienced no deterioration and regained normal left ventricular systolic function.
Risk for Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients With Colonic Crohn's Disease and Concomitant Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Barbara Braden, Johnny Halliday, Sanjeewa Aryasingha, Yalda Sharifi, Davide Checchin, Bryan F. Warren, Taya Kitiyakara, Simon P.L. Travis, Roger W. Chapman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Medical Grand Rounds and Laboratory Use
Authors: Amin A. Nanji
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is generally agreed that medical grand rounds are a useful educational medium for physicians. However, it is not known whether these rounds have a permanent or temporary teaching effect. I studied one aspect of this teaching value, namely, the use of laboratory tests. Some years ago, when the topic for rounds was high-density lipoprotein cholesterol testing, the number of requests for this test escalated. A few months ago, magnesium testing was the topic for rounds. To determine what effect this would have on the test-ordering pattern for serum magnesium testing, I set up a study wherein the number of serum magnesium tests performed on inpatients at our hospital was recorded for a period of three weeks before and ten weeks after the rounds (Vancouver General Hospital in British Columbia is a 1,000-bed, acute-care, tertiary referral center). The average daily number of serum magnesium test requests before
Municipal Waterborne Giardiasis: An Epidemiologic Investigation
Authors: AUBERT C. DYKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

In March 1976, 128 persons in Camas, Washington, had laboratory-confirmed giardiasis. A questionnaire survey of 498 Camas residents revealed that 3.8% had clinical giardiasis, while none of 318 residents in a control town were ill. No associations between illness and sex, pet ownership, travel, time spent in wilderness areas, public gatherings, or food preference were found. Giardia cysts were recovered from raw water entering the city water treatment system via two streams and also from two storage reservoirs containing chlorinated and filtered stream water. Failure to remove Giardia cysts was attributed to the water plants' inadequate flocculation, coagulation, and sedimentation combined with deterioration of the filter media. Investigation of the watershed revealed no signs of human fecal contamination. Animal trapping in the watershed area yielded three beavers (Castor canadensis) infected with Giardia that were infective for specific pathogen-free beagle pups.