tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic pure red cell aplasia caused by parvovirus B19 in AIDS: Use of intravenous immunoglobulin?A report of eight patients
Authors: Prasad Rao Koduri, Rudolf Kumapley, Jose Valladares, Caroline Teter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The optimal management of chronic pure red cell aplasia caused by parvovirus B19 (B19-PRCA) in patients with AIDS is unclear. Our purpose was to determine the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of B19-PRCA in patients with AIDS. The patients were eight adults with AIDS admitted during the period 1993–1997. A diagnosis of B19-PRCA was made if all the following criteria were met: 1. Bone marrow biopsy finding of pure red cell aplasia; 2. Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in serum; and 3. No alternative explanation for PRCA. Initial (induction) therapy was with IVIg 1 g/kg daily for 1–2 days. Relapses were treated with IVIg 1 g/kg for 2 days. Maintenance therapy with IVIg 0.4–1.0 g/kg q 4 weeks was given to those patients who developed a second or subsequent relapse. The patients were followed for a mean of 27 months (range 8–38 months). All patients responded to initial therapy with IVIg. Six patients with CD4 counts <80 cells/mm3 relapsed. The response was short lived in two patients with a CD4 count <80 cells/mm3 who were given a single infusion of IVIg 1 g/kg as initial therapy. Four patients were given regular maintenance IVIg therapy following a second or subsequent relapse and remain in remission. Two patients whose CD4 counts were >300 cells/mm3 remain in continuous unmaintained remission from B19-PRCA for over 8 and 11 months, respectively, following induction therapy with IVIg. AIDS patients with B19-PRCA respond well to therapy with IVIg 2 g/kg given over 2 days. Most patients with CD4 counts of ≤80 cells/mm3 suffer relapse within six months necessitating retreatment with IVIg; maintenance therapy with IVIg 0.4 g/kg q 4 weeks is effective in preventing relapse of B19-PRCA, and may be cost effective. Routine maintenance therapy is probably not indicated in patients with CD4 counts over 300 cells/mm3. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. Am. J. Hematol. 61:16–20, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 3070: Activated EGFR and PPARδ regulate MUC1 expression in human uterine and pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Neeraja Dharmaraj, Daniel D. Carson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The high molecular weight, transmembrane mucin, MUC1 is expressed at high levels in many epithelial tumors including endometrial and pancreatic cancers. Aberrant glcosylation and overexpression of MUC1 make tumor cells poorly adherent, protect tumor cells from the host immune system, promote metastases from primary sites and enhance resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. MUC1 has three distinct domains: an extracellular domain (ECD) composed of a tandem repeat region rich in serine, threonine and proline; a transmembrane domain (TM) and; a short cytoplasmic tail domain (CT) involved in a variety of signal transduction events. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/erbB) family members regulate cell growth and survival in both normal and cancer cells. MUC1 interacts with erbB receptors and also affects downstream signaling pathways in a EGFR-ligand dependent manner. We previously demonstrated that the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ≤ (PPARδ) agonist rosiglitazone severely inhibits progesterone stimulated MUC1 expression (Wang et al. 2010. Mol. Endocrinol. 24: 1368-1379). Two independent approaches were used to determine if rosiglitazone as well as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478 reduced MUC1 expression in a high MUC1-expressing cell line, HES; the uterine adenocarcinoma cell line, HEC-1A; and in the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, HPAFII and CAPAN2. EGFR activation by Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulated MUC1 protein expression (1.5-2 fold) in both uterine and pancreatic cancer cells. The PPARδ agonist, rosiglitatzone, markedly (&amp;gt; 90%) reduced EGFR-driven MUC1 expression detected by antibodies directed against the MUC1 ECD and CT. Preliminary studies indicate that rosiglitazone effects on EGFR-driven MUC1 expression is indirect. Furthermore, rosiglitazone treatments enhanced EGFR degradation via the lysosomal degradation pathway in the presence of EGF-family ligands in both uterine and pancreatic cancer cell lines. A combination of biochemical and molecular biological assays have been used to identify the transcriptional and signal transduction pathways activated by EGFR, leading to increased MUC1 expression and the impact of AG1478 and rosiglitazone on these events. Understanding the molecular basis of how these agents reduce MUC1 expression may offer novel therapeutic avenues to improve cancer chemotherapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3070. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3070
A Computer-Based Physical Examination System
Authors: Warner V. Slack
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The physical examination as it is usually recorded in the medical chart is incomplete, nonstandardized, and difficult to read. Retrieval of the information for patient care and clinical research is difficult and often impossible. Physical examination check-off sheets have been widely employed, but these generally screen for abnormal findings which, when present, are described in the traditionally incomplete, nonstandardized, and (when hand recorded) illegible manner. Dictation of physical findings eliminates only the problem of legibility and introduces a new source of error—the clerical. There is a need for improved methods of recording the findings of physical examinations to permit the adequate utilization of these data in both patient management and clinical research. Electronic data processing methods for storage and retrieval of physical examination data have been employed, but generally with the hospital chart as the data source and the punch card as the storage and computer input medium. Because of
Tobacco campaigners worried by slow progress on convention
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A year after the World Health Assembly adopted the framework convention on tobacco control, the goal of having 40 countries ratify the treaty by 29 June is proving elusive.

While 192 member nations of the World Health Organization backed the convention last year, only 113 countries have taken the first step towards implementing it by signing it. Of these only 13 have taken the next step and ratified it (indicating a country's agreement to be bound by the provisions after the convention comes into force), most of which are developing countries. The only developed countries to ratify the convention are New Zealand and Norway.

Key provisions …
Cooperative effects of isoflavones and exercise on bone and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jian Wu, Jun Oka, Mitsuru Higuchi, Izumi Tabata, Toshiya Toda, Maiko Fujioka, Noriyuki Fuku, Takanori Teramoto, Takenori Okuhira, Tomomi Ueno, Shigeto Uchiyama, Kouji Urata, Kazuhiko Yamada, Yoshiko Ishimi
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Likelihood ratios are not good for differential diagnosis
Authors: H. Llewelyn
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Likelihood ratios as quoted by McNulty and colleagues in the table of their article on rational imaging of solitary pulmonary nodules cannot be used in differential diagnostic reasoning.1 2 Likelihood ratios represent the frequency of each finding (such as haemoptysis) in those with a diagnosis (such as malignant pulmonary nodule) …
GP gets warning over discharge summary errors that led to patient's death
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A doctor whose record keeping errors led to the death of an older patient with cancer has received a warning but no further sanction, after a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service panel concluded that he was unlikely to repeat his mistake.

GP Hassan Twins was contracted to work two hours a day at New Haven Rehabilitation Centre, used by mostly older patients discharged from Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust. He was tasked with “clerking in” patients, as well as preparing treatment charts for their stay and discharge …
False-Positive Hinton Reactions Following Chicken Pox
Authors: Lewis W. Kane, Philip H. Henneman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE evaluation of the specificity of the various tests for the serologic diagnosis of syphilis has gone through two phases. At one time both the complement-fixation and flocculation tests were considered to be so highly specific that some states accepted them as legal proof of a previous or existing syphilitic infection. During the last fifteen years there has been a re-evaluation of these tests and an increasing appreciation of the fact that certain nonsyphilitic conditions are capable of producing biologic false-positive reactions. Furthermore, the possibility of technical false-positive reactions has been repeatedly demonstrated by the interstate serologic surveys conducted by . . .
Shrinking budgets, improving care: Simplify processes and engage with patients
Authors: G. Rich
Journal: BMJ (2010)

All countries are facing the question of how to maintain the quality of care in the face of static or shrinking health budgets. In the NHS it's estimated that savings of over £20bn need to be made in the next few years. <b>Graham Rich</b> and <b>Phil Leonard</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1258) argue that the NHS can save money while maintaining and improving the quality of care and set out their views on how to do this. But <b>Yair Zalmanovitch</b> and <b>Dana Vashdi</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1259) think that something will have to suffer
Landmark perspective. Transplantation of blood vessels, organs, and limbs
Authors: J. D. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I am particularly privileged to be invited to write a companion piece on the occasion of the republication of Carrel's<i>JAMA</i>article of 1908 (see p 944). On a sunny Sunday morning in 1935-1936, as a premed freshman sitting on the terrace of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity house at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, I turned to the rotogravure section of the<i>Birmingham News-Age Herald</i>and saw there a photograph and write-up of Alexis Carrel and Charles A. Lindbergh with their perfusion apparatus, by means of which they had kept a chicken's heart alive for an extended period, I think for months. This article made a memorable impression on me, and I still have it in my collection of memorabilia denoting times, places, and events. How the world turns, now almost 50 years later. The ultimate dimensions of the field of blood vessel anastomosis and organ transplantation, in
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction as the Presenting Manifestation of Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: MICHAEL D. SCHUFFLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A 58-year-old woman who had presented with intestinal pseudo-obstruction died 9 months later from rapidly progressive neurologic symptoms and autonomic insufficiency. Her gastric emptying had been markedly delayed and transit of markers had been slowed throughout the small bowel. A 5-hour manometric recording of the antrum and duodenum had shown absence of the normal interdigestive motor complex, which was replaced by irregular contractile activity of reduced amplitude. A small-cell carcinoma of the lung was found at autopsy. Pathologic study of the gut showed widespread degeneration of the myenteric plexus, which was infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes and contained significantly reduced numbers of neurons. The extra-intestinal nervous system had neuronal loss and lymphocytic infiltrates in dorsal root ganglia. Thus, a gastrointestinal neuropathy causing intestinal pseudo-obstruction may be the presenting manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with small-cell carcinoma.
Can arginine and ornithine support gut functions?
Authors: L Cynober
Journal: Gut (1994)

Arginine and ornithine are precursors of nitric oxide and polyamines, respectively. These metabolites intimately participate in permeability and adaptive responses of the gut. The liver possesses high arginase activity as an intrinsic part of urea synthesis and would consume most of the portal supply of dietary arginine. The gut reduces this possibility by converting dietary arginine to citrulline, which effectively bypass the liver and is resynthesized to arginine in the kidney. Dietary ornithine supplementation, in the form of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) can be considered as an arginine precursor. Several supplement studies have shown both amino acids to promote growth hormone and insulin secretion with anabolic effects in postoperative patients. Their intermediary metabolites (for example, glutamine, proline) may also be of benefit in trauma metabolism. Specific effects of either amino acid on the gut are poorly reported. One recent animal study showed improved morphology after OKG administration, perhaps through increased polyamine secretion. Generation of nitric oxide from arginine has two facets. Excess production from high dose arginine potentiated the effects of experimentally induced sepsis, whereas low doses improved survival. These considerations suggest that the role of enteral diet supplementation with arginine or OKG should be urgently examined for any benefits it may have on mucosal barrier function.
THE PHYSICAL FACTORS IN PHOTOTHERAPY
Authors: J. E. Barnard, H. d. R. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1903)

Early empirical evidence for market orders executed at the NYSE indicates a reduced probability of receiving price improvement when the orders are for stocks on the activated Hybrid list. Results are for market orders of 100 to 999 shares. Price improvement statistics at the NYSE in Hybrid mode are similar to those obtained for NYSE-listed stocks executed at ECNs during the same period. They are substantially lower however than for orders executed through non-NYSE electronic market makers. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fundamental equity analysis, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, performance measurement
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Marie Judith Foley, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

A quantitative study of the combined antiphagocytic effects of the M protein and the hyaluronic acid capsules of four strains of Group A streptococci revealed the following facts relating to their intraperitoneal virulence in mice and rats: 1. The most virulent strain, S23M (matt), produced both a large hyaluronic acid capsule and a full complement of M protein, the combined effects of which rendered the organism highly resistant to surface phagocytosis. 2. The slightly less virulent strain, T14/46 (matt virulent) was somewhat more susceptible to surface phagocytosis owing to the fact that its smaller capsule was less antiphagocytic than that of the S23M organism. 3. The glossy variant of the S23 strain (S23G), which ranked third in virulence, was still more susceptible to surface phagocytosis because of its lack of detectable M substance. Its large hyaluronic acid capsule, however, was capable of protecting it against phagocytosis on glass. 4. The least virulent strain, T14 (matt avirulent), was the most susceptible of all to phagocytosis. Though it possessed both M substance and capsule, which together prevented its phagocytosis on glass, each of them was shown to be quantitatively and functionally deficient as compared to Strain S23M. The differences in phagocytability, which appear to be directly related to the pathogenicity of the organisms, could be adequately demonstrated in vitro only by phagocytic tests designed to measure surface phagocytosis in the absence of opsonins. This fact is in keeping with the observation, previously reported, that surface phagocytosis plays a critical role in the defense of the host, particularly during the earliest stages of experimental streptococcal infections. Its possible relation to suppuration during the later stages of infection is also discussed.
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease as disorders of the isodendritic core.
Authors: M N Rossor
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Parkinson9s disease and Alzheimer9s disease may represent two parts of a spectrum of disease characterised by a primary loss of cells of the isodendritic core. Secondary cell loss from the striatum and cerebral cortex therefore occurs as a consequence of the loss of ascending projections from the isodendritic cells. The anatomy of this system should provide a unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Neurotransmitter replacement treatment may be provided either by enhancing transmitter release by any remaining neurones or by direct agonists. The wide dispersal of the isodendritic projection systems affected in Parkinson9s and Alzheimer9s disease and the possibility that they are tonically active create an opportunity for neurotransmitter replacement treatment. Animal studies should be able to show whether such treatment can delay secondary cell loss, and, together with human postmortem studies, whether the hypothesis that the primary lesion is a loss of isodendritic cells is correct.
Can an antihistamine delay appearance of hay fever symptoms when given prior to pollen season?
Authors: M. A. Stern, R. Darnell, D. Tudor
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Mizolastine is a new, nonsedating antihistamine providing satisfactory symptom relief in allergic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the onset of hay fever symptoms could be delayed in patients known to suffer seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms if mizolastine was given before the pollen season. This double‐blind study involved 342 patients, randomly allocated to once‐daily 10 mg mizolastine ( n = 115), once‐daily 120 mg terfenadine ( n = 116), or placebo ( n = 111) groups. All patients started treatment on 1 May, before the onset of the grass pollen season. The prophylactic effect of test drugs was assessed on their ability to delay the time to the first hay fever crisis of the season, which was defined by the occurrence of one of the following events: use of rescue medication, study withdrawal because of treatment failure, or total diary symptom score over 18. Active treatments prolonged the time to the first crisis by approximately 1 week (mizolastine 55 days, terfenadine 57 days) in comparison with placebo (50 days) (survival curve analysis: Logrank test, P = 0.01; Wilcoxon test, P = 0.03). Tolerability was satisfactory and comparable between groups. Thus, mizolastine can be safely used to delay and to treat symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
An 18-Year-Old Patient with Type 1 Diabetes Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Massimo Pietropaolo
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Day of procedure if the patient is NPO:• Withhold morning dose of insulin.• Measure capillary glucose levels prior to procedure every 2-4 hours.• Administer short-acting or fasting insulin subcutaneously every 2-4 hours as indicated in Table 1.
A List of Medical Museums of Great Britain (1949-50)
Authors: C. J. Hackett
Journal: BMJ (1951)

BRrTISHtaken to prevent premature adherence to the nail, which may cause pocketing of pus and result in further spread under the nail.Occasionally a lateral pulp infection pro- duces a subcuticular component beside the nail.Care- ful inspection of the abscess in paro7nychia will reveal the track to the deep component when it is present.Pulp Infection.-(a)Subcuticular purulent blister: 27.9 M.2)
Fat Emulsion as a Cause of Cloudy Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: John Mealey
Journal: JAMA (1962)

LIPIDS or, more specifically, neutral fats are not j customarily described as a cause for a turbid appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid obtained at lumbar puncture. An oily cerebrospinal fluid emulsion may be collected at lumbar puncture from patients who have undergone positive contrast studies with iophendylate (Pantopaque) or iodized oil (Lipiodol). However, under other circumstances, fat is found inconstantly in only trace amounts in the cerebrospinal fluid. The following case report describes the unexpected observation of a purulent-appearing cerebrospinal fluid during a lumbar puncture for myelography. Despite the absence of any clinical evidence of infection, the color of the initial specimen of cerebrospinal fluid suggested a meningeal inflammation. Microscopic analysis of the cloudy specimen of cerebrospinal fluid was necessary to establish the nature of the color abnormality, namely, a finely dispersed, relatively stable fat emulsion. From a study of the sequence of events during the lumbar puncture and subsequent
Comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with intravenous standard heparin in proximal deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: P. Prandoni, M. Carta, A. Cogo, A. Ruol, M. Vigo, D. Casara, A.W.A. Lensing, H.R. Büller, J.W. ten Cate
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
A HISTORY OF THE THEORY OF EDEMA.
Authors: RUSSELL BURTON OPITZ
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The history of the theory of edema shows a striking similarity to the development of the theory concerning secretion and absorption. The latter theory, however, has gained a firmer basis at an earlier time, and the research pertaining to secretion and absorption has shown the way to that concerning edema. The two theories traveled almost identic paths until, through the work of Ludwig and Haidenhain, the theory of secretion and absorption reached pretty firm ground, leaving the solution of the question regarding the production of edema in the rear. Much less good work has been done on the theory of edema during the time following the publication of Cohnheim's first investigation in 1877. Indeed, the theory of edema has been a neglected problem, if we may judge by the few papers which have been published on this subject during the last six years. Still, within the last months, the theory
The Visualization of Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Tc-99m (V) DMSA and Tc-99m Citrate in Comparison to Ga-67 Citrate
Authors: NEDIM C.M. G??LALDI, HIKMET BAYHAN, MERAL T. ERCAN, MUSTAFA KIBAR, BERNA ??ZT??RK, MIHRIBAN ????RETENSOY, CO??KUN F. BEKDIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Two patients with active tuberculosis confirmed by chest radiography and positive sputum smears were included in this study to determine whether a Tc-99m labeled agent, such as DMSA or citrate could localize such lesions in comparison to Ga-67 citrate. Both patients had Tc-99m (V) DMSA, Tc-99m citrate, and Ga-67 citrate scanning at 1-day to 5-day intervals. Both patients had positive scan findings with all three radiopharmaceuticals. However, the quality of Tc-99m (V) DMSA scans was superior to Tc-99m citrate, which showed faint uptake. Tc-99m (V) DMSA may be a better alternative to Ga-67 citrate in the assessment of the activity and extent of tuberculosis.
Treatment of Mobile Left Ventricular Thrombus with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
Authors: Raburn Mallory, Thomas Balcezak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In his editorial (June 10 issue), 1 Dr. Relman recommended a cautious approach to the proposal for sponsorship by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) of a Web site for the publication of all new biomedical-research reports.However, the NIH proposal is considered by
Safety of high doses of a monoclonal antibody‐purified factor IX concentrate
Authors: Indira Warrier, Carol K. Kasper, Gilbert C. White, Amy D. Shapiro, Garrett E. Bergman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

This report summarizes safety and efficacy information among patients treated with high doses (> 75 U/kg) of a monoclonal antibody-purified factor IX concentrate [coagulation factor IX (human) monoclonal antibody purified)] in two clinical trials. One hundred infusions of this factor IX concentrate at doses > 75 U/kg were administered to 35 patients, six of whom had experienced thrombotic complications during previous treatment with prothrombin complex concentrate. Hemostasis in all patients was rated as "excellent," and there were no thrombotic complications.