tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A neurotransmitter for lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.
Authors: P Biancani, J H Walsh, J Behar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effect of rabbit vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antiserum on in vitro relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was studied in 10 cats. The stomach and esophagus were opened along the lesser curvature of the stomach and stripped of mucosa. Consecutive strips were cut and mounted in a 2.5-ml muscle chamber. They were perfused with Tyrode's solution and oxygenated continuously. After equilibration for 1 h, perfusion was stopped and one strip from the lower esophageal sphincter region was incubated in solution that contained 12-25 parts of VIP antiserum per 1,000 to Tyrode's solution, while a second strip was incubated in a solution of normal rabbit serum at the same concentration. A third strip was maintained in Tyrode's solution for the duration of the experiment. After a 1-h incubation, the strips were stimulated with 6-s square wave trains of 0.1-, 0.2-, 0.4-, and 0.8-ms pulses at 1, 2, and 5 Hz. These stimulation parameters produced LES relaxation that was completely blocked by tetrodotoxin but not by atropine or phentolamine. The strips incubated in Tyrode's solution or in normal serum relaxed reliably and consistently at all levels of stimulation. In the antiserum-treated strips, LES relaxation in response to all stimuli was significantly inhibited. Strips treated with normal serum were relaxed in a dose-dependent fashion by 10(-7) and 10(-6) M VIP, whereas the antiserum inhibited the relaxation induced by 10(-7) M, but not by 10(-6) M, VIP. Stimulation with two successive 15-min trains of electrical pulses (2 ms, 5 Hz) separated by 30 min of rest released increasing amounts of VIP into the bathing solution. VIP released during the second train of electrical stimulation was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in control conditions. In the cat LES, VIP antiserum inhibits the relaxation induced by exogenous VIP or by electric stimulation of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves at a level that causes the release of VIP. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that VIP may be an inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for LES relaxation.
Atopic dermatitis and house dust mites
Authors: H.I. BECK, J. KORSGAARD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The occurrence of house dust mites (Dermatophagoides spp) was investigated in the homes of 26 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), 20 patients with psoriasis and 41 randomly selected homes in Arhus, Denmark. The AD patients with moderate to severe eczema had an increased concentration of mites (median 85 mites/0.1 g mattress dust) compared with the controls (median 8 mites/0.1 g mattress dust). The higher exposure to house dust mites corresponded to a relative risk of 4.6 and a clear dose-response relationship between exposure and disease could be demonstrated. Our results illustrate a clear association between moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and increased exposure to house dust mites in the patients' homes, and support the hypothesis that mite antigens could be an aetiological factor in atopic dermatitis.
Book Review Thoracic Anesthesia Second edition. Edited by Joel A. Kaplan. 769 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1991. $94.95. Vascular Anesthesia Edited by Joel A. Kaplan. 717 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1991. $94.95.
Authors: Frederick K. Orkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Darier disease can be complicated by generalized cutaneous candidiasis: a case report
Authors: L. Weiler, N. Poulalhon, S. Debarbieux, L. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: no external funding. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant acantholytic genodermatosis caused by a mutation of the ATP2A2 gene.1 Patients with DD show enhanced susceptibility to bacterial or viral skin infections, in particular herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2,2 3 varicella zoster virus (VZV)4 and cowpox virus.5 A 53‐year‐old woman had been suffering from extensive DD since the age of 5 years. Long‐term treatment with acitretin (0·7 mg kg−1), prophylactic aciclovir and emollients had resulted in stable disease with occasional flare‐ups mostly involving her trunk. She did not present any cause of immunosuppression such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes or immunosuppressive treatment. She was hospitalized because of a week‐long history of moderate fever and a flare‐up of her skin condition, not improved by oral treatment with lincomycin. On admission, besides usual keratotic follicular papules, her back was scattered with multiple small‐sized erosions, confluent on the lumbosacral region, forming a large belt‐shaped, painful and pruriginous erosive area (Fig. 1). Neither vesicles, nor clinical evidence for impetiginization were identified.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURED UTERUS
Authors: J. Ogle Warfield
Journal: JAMA (1928)

This case is a particularly interesting one, and although I attended the patient only during her last illness, I have briefly summarized her former obstetric experiences because of their rarity. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white woman at the age of 23 was delivered of her first pregnancy, in April, 1918, by cesarean section, because of eclampsia. The child was normal but died six months later of pneumonia complicating pertussis. Further details in regard to this pregnancy and operation were unfortunately not obtainable. In September, 1921, she came to the dispensary and was found to be from three and a half to four months pregnant. The pelvic measurements were within the normal limitations and she had no particular complaints. Subsequent visits twice a month showed that she suffered with dyspnea, orthopnea and edema of the ankles due to cardiac fibrillation, which condition was improved by rest, restricted diet and a course of digitalis.
Whose rights and who's right?
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The moral tone of Groves’ editorial—research is publicly funded; fellow scientists and citizens have a “right” to access “raw numbers, analyses, facts, ideas, and images”; some naughty researchers are colluding with industry to “keep the data hidden away”—was inappropriate.1

Firstly, an increasing number of journal editors are making naive assumptions about the nature of research knowledge. A proportion of such knowledge—for example, in basic sciences—can …
A [<sup>14</sup>C]Phenacetin Breath Test to Measure Hepatic Function in Man
Authors: Kerry J. Breen, Ross W. Bury, Ian V. Calder, Paul V. Desmond, Marion Peters, Laurie M. Mashford
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Phenacetin, a high-clearance drug, was labeled as [ 14 C-ethyl]phenacetin and used in a breath test of hepatic function. 14 CO 2 appeared rapidly in breath such that more than 30% of the administered radioactivity was expired in 2 hr. For all means of expression used to describe the appearance of 14 CO 2 in breath, normal controls and hospitalized patients without liver disease were clearly separated from cirrhotic subjects with moderate and severe liver damage. The phenacetin breath test was validated by the close correlation of 14 CO 2 appearance with the disposition of the parent compound examined after its intravenous administration, and by demonstration that the rate-limiting step in 14 CO 2 generation from labeled phenacetin occurred proximal to 14 CO 2 generation from [ 14 C]acetate given intravenously. Correcting for the actual volume of CO 2 exhaled by control and cirrhotic subjects did not increase the sensitivity of the test. The phenacetin breath test has potential as a simple procedure to quantitate hepatic metabolism of drugs, particularly those mediated by cytochrome P448.
75 Hepatic steatosis enhances FAS expression and liver injury in mice
Authors: A FELDSTEIN, A CANBAY, M GUICCIARDI, H HIGUCHI, G GORES
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) has been implicated as a negative regulator of insulin signaling. PTP1B dephosphorylates the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrates (IRS-1/2), inhibiting the insulin-signaling pathway. PTP1B has been reported to be elevated in diabetes and insulin-resistant states. Conversely, PTP1B null mice have increased insulin sensitivity. To further investigate the effect of PTP1B reduction on insulin signaling, FAO rat hepatoma cells were transfected, by electroporation, with a specific PTP1B antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), or a control oligonucleotide. The PTP1B ASO caused a 50–70% reduction in PTP1B protein expression as measured by Western blot analysis. Upon insulin stimulation, an increase in the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrates was observed, without any change in protein expression levels. Reduction of PTP1B expression in FAO cells also caused an increase in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of PKB and GSK3, without any change in protein expression. These results demonstrate that reduction of PTP1B can modulate key insulin signaling events downstream of the insulin receptor.
Why we experience musical emotions: Intrinsic musicality in an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Daniela Lenti Boero, Luciana Bottoni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Taking into account an evolutionary viewpoint, we hypothesize that music could hide a universal and adaptive code determining preferences. We consider the possible selective pressure that might have shaped, at least in part, our emotional appreciation of sound and music, and sketch a comparison between parameters of some naturalistic sounds and music.
HL-A-W27 — A Useful Discriminator in the Arthropathies of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Robert I. Morris, Allan L. Metzger, Rodney Bluestone, Paul I. Terasaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE remarkable association of the second segregant series histocompatibility antigen (HL-A) W27 with idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis is firmly established. Ninety per cent of patients with this disorder are W27 positive as compared to 8 per cent of normal white control subjects.1 , 2 W27 has also been reported with unusual frequency in anterior uveitis of diverse causes as well as in Reiter's syndrome, raising the possibility of shared pathogenetic mechanisms in these disorders.3 4 5 It is well recognized that spondylitis and a peripheral seronegative arthritis occur in a large number of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.6 , 7 Although the peripheral arthropathy has several . . .
Recovery from Neurological Sequelae after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: D. W. Blair, W. T. Irvine, R. C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Cardiac arrest is a known hazard of surgical opera- tions.Its incidence is difficult to ascertain, since not all the deaths are recognized as due to it.From recent reviews cardiac arrest would seem to occur in between 1:1,000 and 1: 5,000 anaesthetics (Milstein, 1956), and in spite of greater recognition its mortality remains high.The early recognition of cardiac arrest is allimportant, for unless the heart can be restarted within three to four minutes irreversible neurological damage may occur (Primrose, 1935; Dark et al.,
Reduction of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity in conscious dogs with severe right ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: P A Murray, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Right coronary reactive hyperemia and the maximal coronary vasodilator response to adenosine were examined in conscious, normal dogs and dogs with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy. RV hypertrophy was induced by chronic (5-7 months) pulmonary artery stenosis. With RV hypertrophy, RV weight to body weight ratio rose by 70% (P &lt; 0.001), right coronary artery blood flow (Doppler ultrasonic technique) rose from 17 +/- 1 to 51 +/- 5 ml/min, and RV transmural blood flow (radioactive microsphere technique) increased from 0.78 +/- 0.06 to 1.62 +/- 0.10 ml/min per g, while the RV endocardial:epicardial perfusion ratio decreased from 1.36 +/- 0.04 to 1.0 +/- 0.02. Excess blood flow debt repayment following release of a 15-second right main coronary artery occlusion was attenuated markedly (P &lt; 0.001) to 107 +/- 22% from the normal value of 325 +/- 41%. Maximal coronary vasodilator capacity (to iv adenosine) was reduced in the hypertrophied right ventricle, as reflected by a lower (P &lt; 0.05) level of maximal transmural blood flow and a higher (P &lt; 0.02) level of minimum coronary vascular resistance per gram of hypertrophied right ventricle compared to normal. During maximal coronary vasodilation, the endocardial:epicardial perfusion ratio decreased (P &lt; 0.001) below unity in the hypertrophied right ventricle to a level (0.83 +/- 0.06) significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) than normal (1.16 +/- 0.03). Thus, the development of severe RV hypertrophy is characterized by an attenuated coronary response to acute ischemia and by a reduction in maximal coronary vasodilator capacity. We conclude that the increase in cardiac mass which results from chronic pulmonary artery stenosis is not accompanied by a proportionate increase in cross-sectional area of coronary vessels supplying the hypertrophied ventricle.
(10) Plasmapheresis in the CREST syndrome
Authors: M.B. Llewelyn, C.M. Lockwood
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article (10) Plasmapheresis in the CREST syndrome Get access M.B. Llewelyn, M.B. Llewelyn Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Lockwood C.M. Lockwood Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue s34, 1 July 1989, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb05986.x Published: 01 July 1989
Tc-99m ECD Early Dynamic Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Determination of Intra-Aneurysmal Dynamics Before and After Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Takao Sagiuchi, Katsumi Tadokoro, Akira Kurata, Sachio Suzuki, Ikuo Kobayashi, Kiyotaka Fujii, Katsumi Ishii
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The authors here describe a 44-year-old woman with a ruptured internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (IC-PC) aneurysm evaluated by Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) early dynamic single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization. Our SPECT studies could be used to confirm the absence of aneurysmal blood flow after coiling.
The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies
Authors: Sanford H. Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal TherapiesSanford H. Levy, MDSanford H. Levy, MDState University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine; Buffalo, NY 14221Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I commend Edzard Ernst on an excellent comprehensive review of several popular herbs (1). However, I noticed that he did not mention a relatively recent randomized, controlled trial of St. John's wort in 200 outpatients with severe depression (baseline Hamilton Depression Scale score ≥ 20), which concluded that the herb was no more effective than placebo (2). In my opinion, the negative results of this large, multicenter, rigorous trial call into question the positive findings of all meta-analyses and systematic reviews showing benefit from St. John's wort in patients with depression.References1. Ernst E. The risk–benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: ginkgo, St. John's wort, ginseng, echinacea, saw palmetto, and kava. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:42-53. [PMID: 11777363] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Shelton RC, Keller MB, Gelenberg A, Dunner DL, Hirschfeld R, Thase ME, et al . Effectiveness of St John's wort in major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:1978-86. [PMID: 11308434] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine; Buffalo, NY 14221 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies: Ginkgo, St. John's Wort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava Edzard Ernst The Risk–Benefit Profile of Commonly Used Herbal Therapies Edzard Ernst Metrics Cited ByPrevalence of Dietary Supplement Use in Healthy Pre-School Chinese Children in Australia and ChinaSystematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ginseng 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1008KeywordsOutpatientsSystematic reviews ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Impairment of hepatic Stat-3 activation and reduction of PPARα activity in fructose-fed rats
Authors: Núria Roglans, Laia Vilà, Mireia Farré, Marta Alegret, Rosa María Sánchez, Manuel Vázquez-Carrera, Juan Carlos Laguna
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Fructose makes up a significant proportion of energy intake in westernized diets; its increased consumption has paralleled the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome over the past two decades. In the current study, we demonstrate that fructose administration (10% wt/vol) in the drinking water of rats reduces the trans-activating and trans-repressing activity of the hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). As a consequence, fructose decreases hepatic fatty oxidation and increases pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. These changes were not observed in glucose-administered rats (10% wt/vol), although both carbohydrates produced similar changes in plasma adiponectin and in the hepatic expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Fructose-fed, but not glucose-fed, rats were hyperleptinemic and exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcription factor, although they did not present a similar increase in the serine phosphorylation of nuclear STAT3. Thus, an impairment in the hepatic transduction of the leptin signal could be responsible for the observed alterations in PPARalpha activity in fructose-fed rats. Because PPARalpha activity is lower in human than in rodent liver, fructose ingestion in humans should cause even worse effects, which would partly explain the link between increased consumption of fructose and widening epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome.Hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by fructose ingestion result from a reduction in the hepatic catabolism of fatty acids driven by a state of leptin resistance.
Environmentally invoked innovation and cognition
Authors: Simon M. Reader
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Behavioral innovations induced by the social or physical environment are likely to be of great functional and evolutionary importance, and thus warrant serious attention. Innovation provides a process by which animals can adjust to changed environments. Despite this apparent adaptive advantage, it is not known whether innovative propensities are adaptive specializations. Furthermore, the varied psychological processes underlying innovation remain poorly understood.
ln-111 Pentetreotide Superior Imaging Agent for Gastrinomas
Authors: J SAMUEL McCOWN, LEONIE GORDON, RENAN P. UFLACKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Gastrinomas are usually diagnosed clinically and localized before surgery using various imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, and venous sampling. The authors present a case in which CT, MRI, and angiography were negative in attempting to localize the gastrinoma, but In-111 pentetreotide localized the lesion, which was proven surgically.
In vitro immunoglobulin production, proliferation, and cell markers before and after antithymocyte globulin therapy in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Lawrence G. Lum, Margaret C. Seigneuret, Kristine C. Doney, Rainer Storb
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 aplastic anemia patients were studied for in vitro biosynthesis of immunoglobulins (Ig), proliferative responses, and cell markers before and after antithymocyte globulin (ATG) treatment in an attempt to identify immune functions that would be useful in predicting responses to ATG therapy. Six of the 16 aplastic anemia patients were complete responders to ATG therapy, two were partial responders, and eight failed to respond to ATG therapy. The proportion of E+, CD4, CD8, and surface Ig‐positive cells did not correlate with in vitro lymphocyte functions nor clinical responses before or after ATG therapy. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, tetanus toxoid, alloantigens, or pokeweed mitogen were generally present before and after ATG therapy. When pokeweed mitogen, herpes simplex type I virus, and tetanus toxoid were used as probes to elicit in vitro Ig production using a hemolytic plaque assay, some patients had 1) B cells that failed to produce Ig, 2) T cells that failed to provide helper activity, and 3) T cells that exhibited excessive suppressor activity in the various antibody production systems. These measures of immune function, however, did not correlate with clinical responses to ATG therapy.
Individualized Assessment of Radiation Dose in Patients Undergoing Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography With 256-Slice Scanning
Authors: Kostas Perisinakis, Ioannis Seimenis, Antonis Tzedakis, Antonios E. Papadakis, John Damilakis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Available data on the radiation burden from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CCTA) are mostly limited to effective dose estimates. This study provides individualized estimates of doses and associated life attributable risks of radiation-induced cancer in a clinical patient population undergoing 256-slice CCTA.Typical retrospectively and prospectively ECG-gated CCTA exposures in a 256-slice CT scanner were simulated on 52 patient-specific voxelized phantoms. Dose images depicting the dose deposition on the exposed region were generated, and normalized organ doses for all primarily irradiated radiosensitive organs were derived and correlated to patient body habitus. Lung, breast, and esophagus absorbed doses were then determined in 136 consecutive patients subjected to CCTA. Projected life attributable risks of radiation-induced cancer were estimated through the use of appropriate sex-, age- and organ-specific cancer risk factors and compared with corresponding nominal cancer risks. The total projected life attributable risk of radiogenic cancer after CCTA decreases steeply with age at exposure, and lung cancer constitutes the most probable detriment for both sexes. The relative risks of lung cancer associated with prospectively ECG-gated CCTA were 1.0032 and 1.0008 for women and men, respectively. The mean total projected life attributable risks were estimated to be 24.9±7.4 and 71.5±30.0 per 100,000 women undergoing prospectively and retrospectively ECG-gated CCTA, respectively. The corresponding values for men were 7.3±1.3 and 31.4±5.0 per 100 000 patients.The mean projected life attributable risks of radiation-induced cancer in a typical clinical patient cohort undergoing standard prospectively ECG-gated CCTA with a 256-slice scanner were found to inconsequentially increase the natural cancer incidence rates.