tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies in alopecia areata
Authors: Daniela Zauli, Simonetta Veronesi, M. Fusconi, Laura Lama, Marcella Melino, Antonella Tosti, F. B. Bianchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Autoantibodies in alopecia areata Get access Daniela Zauli, Daniela Zauli Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica 1, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Simonetta Veronesi, Simonetta Veronesi Clinica Dermatologica, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Fusconi, M. Fusconi Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica 1, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Laura Lama, Laura Lama Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica 1, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marcella Melino, Marcella Melino Clinica Dermatologica, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Antonella Tosti, Antonella Tosti Clinica Dermatologica, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. B. Bianchi F. B. Bianchi Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica 1, University of Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 2, 1 August 1984, Page 247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04055.x Published: 01 August 1984
Abstract 3752: Nanoparticles delivery of a novel AKT/PDK1 inhibitor inhibits pancreatic cancer tumor growth
Authors: Emmanuelle J. Meuillet, Sylvestor A. Moses, Armando Lucero-Acuna, Roberto Guzman, Justin Jeffrey, Mary Pagel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract AKT (protein kinase B), a pleckstrin homology (PH) lipid binding domain and a serine/threonine kinase containing protein is a key component of the phophatidylinositol-3-kinase (PtdIns3-K) cell survival signaling pathway which is activated in pancreatic cancers. In this study, we describe the effects of a novel inhibitor of AKT/PDK1 (PH-427) that binds to the PH domain of AKT (Ki = 2.67 ± 0.37 μM) and PDK1 (Ki = 5.20 ± 0.45 μM) [1] thus preventing its binding to PtIns-(3,4,5)P3 at the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of both kinases. PH-427 inhibits AKT/PDK1 activities at low micromolar concentrations in BxPC-3 (wt-KRAS) and not in MiaPaCa2 (mt-KRAS) human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Accordingly, we have shown that in vivo, PH-427 is poorly efficient in MiaPaCa2 xenografts as compared to BxPC-3 xenografts. In order to increase the potency and delivery of PH-427 to the tumor, we have encapsulated the compound (&amp;gt;10% of the compound) into (poly-d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PNP). We demonstrate that PH-427 incorporates well in the nanoparticles (PH-427-PNP) (&amp;lt;200 nm in size) and is slowly released from the polymer with a 90% released over a period of 30 days. We show that PH-427-PNP were very efficient in reducing MiaPaCa-2-Luc orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth as evaluated by luminescence using an AMI-1000 scanner. MiaPaCa2-Luc pancreas tumor volume was significantly reduced in animals treated with PH-427-PNP as compared to animal treated with PH-427 alone or the PNP alone (41.4±29.9 versus 2051±387 and 631±45 mm3). In conclusion, PH-427 alone did not alter tumor growth in MiaPaCa-2-Luc but was able to reduce tumor growth significantly when encapsulated in PNP. Finally and interestingly, metastasis to the liver and other organs was also significantly inhibited by PH-427-PNP as compared to PNP or PH-427 alone. [1]. Meuillet EJ, Ihle N, Lemos R, Moses SA, Song Z, Zhang S, Mash EA, Powis G (2010). Mol Cancer Ther 9(3):706-717. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3752. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3752
Predicting the Outcome From Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma-Reply
Authors: David E. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Jørgensen and Rosenberg have raised a number of questions about application of our prediction algorithms to recovery from nontraumatic coma.<sup>1</sup> The letter cites Dr Black's<sup>2</sup>reservations about the usefulness of predictive techniques derived from retrospective data but does not state, as Dr Black did, that we recognized that limitation and proposed that the techniques be tested prospectively. Our data were, as noted, collected prospectively; the analysis was performed later, after the best functional outcome had been determined. Jørgensen and his colleagues similarly collected data on patients after cardiac arrest<sup>3,4</sup>and, like us, analyzed the data subsequently. This is the only way hypotheses for subsequent testing can be derived. They comment on the possibility of high interobserver variability in our study because data from several centers were involved. Our study was designed to minimize this possibility by relying on strictly defined definitions of all clinical
Long term survival with thoracoscopic versus open lobectomy: propensity matched comparative analysis using SEER-Medicare database
Authors: S. Paul, A. J. Isaacs, T. Treasure, N. K. Altorki, A. Sedrakyan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To compare long term survival after minimally invasive lobectomy and thoracotomy lobectomy.Propensity matched analysis.Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database.All patients with lung cancer from 2007 to 2009 undergoing lobectomy.Influence of less invasive thoracoscopic surgery on overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer specific survival.From 2007 to 2009, 6008 patients undergoing lobectomy were identified (n=4715 (78%) thoracotomy). The median age of the entire cohort was 74 (interquartile range 70-78) years. The median length of follow-up for entire group was 40 months. In a matched analysis of 1195 patients in each treatment category, no statistical differences in three year overall survival, disease-free survival, or cancer specific survival were found between the groups (overall survival: 70.6% v 68.1%, P=0.55; disease-free survival: 86.2% v 85.4%, P=0.46; cancer specific survival: 92% v 89.5%, P=0.05).This propensity matched analysis showed that patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy had similar overall, cancer specific, and disease-free survival compared with patients undergoing thoracotomy lobectomy. Thoracoscopic techniques do not seem to compromise these measures of outcome after lobectomy.
Physician's Assistants: The Evidence is Not In
Authors: David L. Miles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IN 1971, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare initiated research to evaluate the impact of the primary-care physician's assistants on the practitioners and practices in which they were functioning, the quality of care delivered, the acceptability of the assistant to the physician and patient, and the redistribution of medical services in areas of low access. This effort did not produce the information that was sought or so vitally needed; to paraphrase the responsible agency, the results of this research were virtually useless for evaluation purposes.1 Failure of this research to produce meaningful results has created a major gap in . . .
Performance on the NBME Part I examination
Authors: H. Nickens
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The recent article addressing performance on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I examination 1 contained a statement that could create an incorrect inference. In noting the gaps in academic indices between underrepresented minority compared with non-underrepresented minority medical students, the authors emphasize the urgency to evaluate the effectiveness of academic interventions particularly in light of major efforts to recruit underrepresented minority students. They then reference our Project 3000 by 2000 Technical Assistance Manual , 2 which is one of the central documents supporting the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) campaign to reach population parity for minorities in US medical schools by the year 2000. A reader could easily draw the false inference that the project's central strategy involves recruitment. In fact, the central premise of the project is that the primary cause today for the underrepresentation of minorities in medicine is the failure of
ALLERGIC RESPONSE TO DUST OF INSECT ORIGIN
Authors: HOWELL RANDOLPH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This paper deals with a source of atopen in the group of insect emanations not hitherto demonstrated. The allergic response was observed in persons working on the control of the New Mexico range moth caterpillar and was acquired after contact with the eggs and parasite flies.  There have been a number of recent contributions to the subject of insect allergy. Insect dust sensitization was reported in 1928 by Vaughan, 1 who found an allergic response to moth dust contained in feather pillows. Parlato 2 in 1929 established the etiologic relation of caddis fly emanations in a patient with seasonal asthma and hay fever. The distressing symptoms occur when the patients go to the lake shore during the caddis fly season. Negative pollen reactions resulted in the search which revealed the excitant in the fine hairs and epithelia shed by the fly. Positive skin reactions and passive transference of sensitization together
Efficacy of In-Hospital Multidimensional Interventions of Secondary Prevention After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Reto Auer, Jacques Gaume, Nicolas Rodondi, Jacques Cornuz, William A. Ghali
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Secondary prevention programs for patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome have been shown to be effective in the outpatient setting. The efficacy of in-hospital prevention interventions administered soon after acute cardiac events is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether in-hospital, patient-level interventions targeting multiple cardiovascular risk factors reduce all-cause mortality after an acute coronary syndrome.Using a prespecified search strategy, we included controlled clinical trials and before-after studies of secondary prevention interventions with at least a patient-level component (ie, education, counseling, or patient-specific order sets) initiated in hospital with outcomes of mortality, readmission, or reinfarction rates in acute coronary syndrome patients. We classified the interventions as patient-level interventions with or without associated healthcare provider-level interventions and/or system-level interventions. Twenty-six studies met our inclusion criteria. The summary estimate of 14 studies revealed a relative risk of all-cause mortality of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.92; n=37,585) at 1 year. However, the apparent benefit depended on study design and level of intervention. The before-after studies suggested reduced mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.90; n=3680 deaths), whereas the RR was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.44; n=99 deaths) among the controlled clinical trials. Only interventions including a provider- or system-level intervention suggested reduced mortality compared with patient-level-only interventions.The evidence for in-hospital, patient-level interventions for secondary prevention is promising but not definitive because only before-after studies suggest a significant reduction in mortality. Future research should formally test which components of interventions provide the greatest benefit.
Proton accumulation and ATPase activity in Golgi apparatus–enriched vesicles from rat liver
Authors: Horng-I Yeh, G. D. V. Van Rossum
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We have studied the mechanism by which liver Golgi apparatus maintains the acidity of its contents, using a subcellular fraction from rat liver highly enriched in Golgi marker enzymes. Proton accumulation (measured by quenching of acridine-orange fluorescence) and anion-dependent ATPase were characterized and compared. Maximal ATPase and proton accumulation required ATP; GTP and other nucleotides gave 10% to 30% of maximal activity. Among anions, Cl− and Br− approximately doubled the activities; others were much less effective. Half-maximal increase of ATPase and H uptake required 55 mmol/L and 27 mmol/L Cl−, respectively. In predominantly chloride media, SCN− and NO3− markedly inhibited H+ uptake. Nitrate competitively inhibited both the chloride-dependent ATPase (apparent Ki 6 mmol/L) and proton uptake (apparent Ki 2 mmol/L). Nitrate and SCN− also inhabited uptake of 36Cl. Replacing K+ with Na+ had no effect on the initial rate of proton uptake but somewhat reduced the steady state attained. Replacement of K+ with NH4+ and choline reduced proton uptake without affecting ATPase. The ATPase and H+ uptake were supported equally well by Mg2+ or Mn2+. The ATPase was competitively inhibited by 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (apparent Ki 39 μmol/L). Other agents inhibiting both H+ uptake and ATPase were N-ethylmaleimide, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, chlorpromazine, diethylstilbestrol, Zn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+. In the Cl− medium, accumulated protons were released by ionophores at the relative rates, monensin = nigericin > valinomycin > carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone; the last of these also reduced ATPase activity. In the absence of Cl−, monensin and valinomycin both stimulated the ATPase. These results show a close association between ATPase activity and acidification of liver Golgi vesicles. They support a role for Cl− that depends on its uptake as a counter ion for H+ and suggest that it may also stimulate proton transport by a more direct effect on a component of the transport system. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:523–533.)
Mechanisms of benzene-induced hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity: cDNA microarray analyses using mouse bone marrow tissue.
Authors: Byung-Il Yoon, Guang-Xun Li, Kunio Kitada, Yasushi Kawasaki, Katsuhide Igarashi, Yukio Kodama, Tomoaki Inoue, Kazuko Kobayashi, Jun Kanno, Dae-Yong Kim, Tohru Inoue, Yoko Hirabayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Although the mechanisms underlying benzene-induced toxicity and leukemogenicity are not yet fully understood, they are likely to be complicated by various pathways, including those of metabolism, growth factor regulation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death. With this as a background, we performed cDNA microarray analyses on mouse bone marrow tissue during and after a 2-week benzene exposure by inhalation. Our goal was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity induced by benzene at the level of altered multigene expression. Because a few researchers have postulated that the cell cycle regulation mediated by p53 is a critical event for benzene-induced hematotoxicity, the present study was carried out using p53-knockout (KO) mice and C57BL/6 mice. On the basis of the results of large-scale gene expression studies, we conclude the following: (a) Benzene induces DNA damage in cells at any phase of the cell cycle through myeloperoxidase and in the redox cycle, resulting in p53 expression through Raf-1 and cyclin D-interacting myb-like protein 1. (b) For G1/S cell cycle arrest, the p53-mediated pathway through p21 is involved, as well as the pRb gene-mediated pathway. (c) Alteration of cyclin G1 and Wee-1 kinase genes may be related to the G2/M arrest induced by benzene exposure. (d) DNA repair genes such as Rad50 and Rad51 are markedly downregulated in p53-KO mice. (e) p53-mediated caspase 11 activation, aside from p53-mediated Bax gene induction, may be an important pathway for cellular apoptosis after benzene exposure. Our results strongly suggest that the dysfunction of the p53 gene, possibly caused by strong and repeated genetic and epigenetic effects of benzene on candidate leukemia cells, may induce fatal problems such as those of cell cycle checkpoint, apoptosis, and the DNA repair system, finally resulting in hemopoietic malignancies. Our cDNA microarray data provide valuable information for future investigations of the mechanisms underlying the toxicity and leukemogenicity of benzene.
Tobacco control policies should embrace harm reduction products, nicotine experts say
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A group of international experts has urged the World Health Organization to support the use of tobacco harm reduction strategies, where smokers switch from tobacco to low risk nicotine based products such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or snus (an oral tobacco), in discussions later this year on setting international tobacco control policy.

The group of specialists in nicotine science and public health policy have written to Margaret Chan, WHO director general, laying out the potential role for tobacco harm reduction in easing the burden of smoking related disease. In particular, they asked why legislation designed to control the use of traditional tobacco products to protect the public should not be applied to low risk nicotine based products. It would be “unethical and harmful” if policies inhibited the option to switch to tobacco harm reduction products, the group said.

National policies on harm reduction …
1296 VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE AREA AS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR OF ELEVATED LIVER ENZYME IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: D. Kim, Y.J. Kim, G.E. Chung, J.Y. Yim, M.J. Park, W. Kim, J.-H. Yoon, H.-S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Infectious Mononucleosis In Athletes
Authors: Max L. Durfee
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Concerning Dr. Sheehan's letter (220:864,1972), my experience with mononucleosis in the athletic community has certainly been different. In more than 30 years of observing innumerable cases, I do not recall widespread mononucleosis-like symptoms among the members of any athletic squad. Athletes have contracted mononucleosis in about the same proportions as any other student group.  Nor do I believe that mononucleosis stems from either stress or fatigue. The opposite may be true. However, to generalize about this perennial campus problem is to set a trap. Someday some wise author may write an article about the Many Faces of Mononucleosis.
Clinical Evaluation of "Miradon"
Authors: G. Kellaway
Journal: BMJ (1958)

RESPIRATIONBJROrr AL 889 gated in the unconscious, curarized subject.The Schafer and Holger Nielsen methods have been compared with mouth-to-mouth ventilation and a simple bellows resuscitator.Manual methods have the advantage of requiring no apparatus, but they do require space.They are not so efficient for the oxygenation of the subject and may be relatively ineffective in the presence of bronchoconstriction.Intermittent positive-pressure methods require appa- ratus, but are superior in terms of ventilation and oxygenation.The bellows resuscitator, a simple, com- pact apparatus, was still more efficient than the mouthto-mouth apparatus.The bellows resuscitator used in this investigation was designed and supplied by the Chemical Defence Experimental Establish- ment, Porton, Salisbury.REFERENCES
Over half of costs related to lung cancer is due to smoking, says US study
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

More than half of the annual medical costs of managing lung cancer and related conditions and 13% of the cost of managing coronary heart disease, stroke, and other smoking related cancers are attributable directly to smoking, a new analysis of US data has estimated ( Journal of Econometrics 2003;112:135-51).

Researchers from the School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, analysed material from the 1987 national medical expenditure survey (a population based survey of people who live in their own homes), including information on how …
THE CHALLENGE OF RESULTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: IAN STEVENSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

I believe these simple rules within our means if within our desires. We should hardly ask less of ourselves if we ask others to consider us scientists when we teach and practice psychotherapy. We can and should learn much about psychotherapy through other studies besides those of results. Yet we can only judge a therapy as therapy by its results and not by its attendant retinue of theories, however elegant and harmonious these may seem to be. Some years ago, Glover sounded a solemn warning on this matter with regard to psychoanalysis when he stated, In my opinion, the main obstacle to the progress of psychoanalysis is the absence, first of reliable statistics of results, and, second, of any followup investigations. . . . Unless we know with some precision the exact limitations of psychoanalysis in different groups of mental disorder, we run the risk of providing new theories to explain away failures(16). These reproaches apply equally to all kinds of psychotherapy. Their truth and the urgency which underlies them should stimulate us to remove the justification for them which derives from our continued neglect of the results of psychotherapy.
Preparing the “Soil”: The Primary Tumor Induces Vasculature Reorganization in the Sentinel Lymph Node before the Arrival of Metastatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Chao-Nan Qian, Bree Berghuis, Galia Tsarfaty, MaryBeth Bruch, Eric J. Kort, Jon Ditlev, Ilan Tsarfaty, Eric Hudson, David G. Jackson, David Petillo, Jindong Chen, James H. Resau, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis is the first step in the spreading of cancer in many malignancies. Tumor-reactive lymphadenopathy in SLNs has been observed for decades, but alterations of the lymphatic channels and vasculature in these nodes before the arrival of metastatic tumor cells remain unexplored. Using animal models, we show here that, before the establishment of metastasis in the SLN, there are reorganizations of the lymphatic channels and the vasculature. The node becomes a functional blood vessel-enriched and lymph vessel/sinus-enriched organ before metastasis. The enlargement of the lymph sinuses is correlated with the primary tumor weight. The newly emerged functional blood vessels develop from high endothelial venules (HEV), in which the proliferation rate of the endothelial cells is also significantly increased. Similar alterations of the HEVs are also characterized in the axillary lymph nodes from human breast cancer patients without the evidence of metastasis. These findings support the hypothesis that modification of the microenvironment for a secondary tumor (i.e., vasculature reorganization in the SLN) can be initiated by a primary tumor before and independent of the physical presence of metastatic cancer cells.
Senior Health Advisor, Version 1.0
Authors: Howard Fillit
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Personal computers have become an integral component of physicians' offices and are used for a variety of purposes, including practice finance and business, patient records, and information services. Among the last, for instance, physicians can receive medical information from a variety of sources in great detail in a number of current media, including textbooks and journals on CD-ROM and a host of services on the Internet. However, use of the office computer system as a service to the patient has lagged behind. One can easily imagine a computer available in the doctor's office with extensive patient-friendly information on health problems using extensive CD multimedia features.  The Senior Health Advisor is an attempt to provide patient information specifically for the elderly. Unfortunately, it is a relatively primitive attempt. The program looks, feels, and operates like a DOS-based program of five years ago, although it does operate under Windows. It takes little