tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of testicular cancer in men with abnormal semen characteristics: cohort study
Authors: R. Jacobsen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore the associations between semen characteristics and subsequent risk of testicular cancer. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study. <b>Participants:</b> 32 442 men who had a semen analysis done at the Sperm Analysis Laboratory in Copenhagen during 1963-95. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Standardised incidence ratios of testicular cancer compared with total population of Danish men. <b>Results:</b> Men in couples with fertility problems were more likely to develop testicular cancer than other men (89 cases, standardised incidence ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.9). The risk was relatively constant with increasing time between semen analysis and cancer diagnosis. Analysis according to specific semen characteristics showed that low semen concentration (standardised incidence ratio 2.3), poor motility of the spermatozoa (2.5), and high proportion of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (3.0) were all associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer. The only other cancer group that showed increased incidence was “peritoneum and other digestive organs” (six cases; 3.7, 1.3 to 8.0). Of these, two cases were probably and two cases were possibly extragonadal germ cell tumours. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results point towards the existence of common aetiological factors for low semen quality and testicular cancer. Low semen quality may also be associated with increased incidence of extragonadal germ cell tumours.
Hemolysis, Renal Failure, and Local Necrosis Following Scorpion Sting
Authors: Joginder Singh Chadha
Journal: JAMA (1979)

SEVERE hemolysis and secondary renal failure due to a scorpion sting was observed in a patient—a complication that, to our knowledge, has not been well recognized by Western medicine. Some scorpion venoms are hemotoxic and may cause severe hemolysis.<sup>1,3</sup>The toxicity of the Khuzistan scorpion has also been demonstrated.<sup>4</sup> The yellowish scorpion responsible for the sting of our patient could be one of the three yellow groups of Khuzistan scorpions—<i>Buthus, Cosmobuthus, and Hemiscorpius</i>—of which<i>Buthus sauloci</i>is the most common, most frequently found in houses, and most likely the one that had stung our patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old woman was stung by a yellowish scorpion at Ramhormoz, Iran, situated 120 km northeast of Ahwaz in southern Iran while sleeping on her bedroom floor. Twenty-four hours after the sting, the patient started passing reddish urine, became breathless during the slightest exertion, and was admitted to
Low-fat yoghurt intake in pregnancy associated with increased child asthma and allergic rhinitis risk: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ekaterina Maslova, Thorhallur I. Halldorsson, Marin Strom, Sjurdur F. Olsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Dairy products are important sources of micronutrients, fatty acids, and probiotics that could modify the risk of child asthma and allergy development.   Objective:  To examine associations of dairy intake during pregnancy with child asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) at 7 years in the Danish National Birth Cohort.   Methods:  Data on milk and yoghurt consumption was collected in mid-pregnancy using a validated FFQ (N=61,912). We assessed asthma and AR through questionnaires and registry linkages. Current asthma was defined as self-reported asthma diagnosis and wheeze in the past 12 months. We conducted multiple logistic regression and report here odds ratios with 95% CI.   Results:  At 7 years 5.9% (N=2,316/39,059) of children had registered life-time asthma diagnosis and 4.2% (N=1,574/37,347) reported current asthma. Life-time AR diagnosis was 0.5% (N=191/39,059) using the registry and 4.9% (N=1,887/38,763) by self-report. Total milk intake was inversely related to current asthma risk (>5glasses/d vs. 0glasses/d: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98). For yoghurt, children of women who ate low-fat yoghurt (with fruit) >=1time/day had 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22, 2.12) greater odds of a registry-based asthma diagnosis compared to children of women reporting no intake. They were also more likely to have a registry-based AR diagnosis (2.82, 95% CI: 1.44, 5.53) and to report current asthma (1.62, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.24).   Conclusion:  Low-fat yoghurt intake was directly related to increased risk of both child asthma and AR, while total milk intake appeared to be protective. Non-fat related nutrient components in yoghurt may be mediating this increase in risk.
Mechanism of Hydrocortisone Potentiation of Responses to Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Rabbit Aorta
Authors: STANLEY KALSNER
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Hydrocortisone potentiated responses of rabbit aortic strips to catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, nordefrin, isoproterenol) but not to amines lacking the catechol nucleus (phenylephrine, synephrine, methoxamine). Contractions in response to epinephrine were increased much more than those to norepinephrine. Neither the presence of cocaine nor pretreatment of the rabbits with reserpine impaired the potentiating action of hydrocortisone. Experiments with the oil immersion technique (to prevent loss of amine by diffusion from the tissue) demonstrated that hydrocortisone reduced the rate at which aortic strips inactivated epinephrine, apparently by inhibiting catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT). Known inhibitors of COMT (U-0521, tropolone, pyrogallol) potentiated responses of aortic strips to epinephrine much more than to norepinephrine and also enhanced responses to isoproterenol and nordefrin to the same extent as did hydrocortisone. Known inhibitors of COMT consistently abolished the enhancing effects of hydrocortisone without materially interfering with potentiation produced by cocaine which is mediated through an independent mechanism unrelated to amine inactivation. Hydrocortisone also abolished the enhancing effects of known COMT inhibitors. It is concluded that hydrocortisone enhances the responses of vascular smooth muscle to epinephrine and norepinephrine by inhibiting a major enzymatic pathway for the inactivation of these amines.
France, Italy, and Spain split from EU doctors' lobby group
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2008)

France, Italy, and Spain have withdrawn from a key European doctors’ organisation that lobbies the European Union on public health policy and working conditions.

The three countries are halting cooperation with the Comite Permanent des Medecins Europeens (Standing Committee of European Doctors) because of its failure to deal with longstanding concerns about voting rights. The current voting system gives one vote to each country, but some countries with larger numbers of doctors argue they should have more than one vote.

The committee, which was formed in 1959 and is based in Brussels, represents two million doctors. Its members are the biggest organisation representing the medical profession …
Charcot's hysteria renaissant.
Authors: E M Critchley, H E Cantor
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The authenticity of Charcot9s original descriptions of hysteria has been questioned in the popular media. None the less, it is still possible to encounter florid forms of hysteria in culturally deprived communities, and to answer Charcot9s present day critics we present a selection of patients from Kentucky9s Appalachian countries with hysterial neurological disease. Their case histories are contrasted with those Charcot himself described and thereby form a modern commentary on such conditions as la grande hystérie, hysteroepilepsy, hysterotraumatic monoplegia, and hysterical hemianaesthesia.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to tetracycline
Authors: C. A Ison, K. Bindayna, N. Woodford
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is no longer justifiable for one physician to spend twice as much money as another on treating patients with similar diseases,"3 yet it is almost embarrassing to report that only the private sector seems to be using well researched, humane, and acceptable techniques which reduce the duration of opiate withdrawal from the usual two to three weeks to two to three days or less.6
Potent suppression of HIV-1 replication in humans by T-20, a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus entry
Authors: J. Michael Kilby, Sam Hopkins, Thomas M. Venetta, Betty DiMassimo, Gretchen A. Cloud, Jeannette Y. Lee, Leslie Alldredge, Eric Hunter, Dennis Lambert, Dani Bolognesi, Thomas Matthews, M. Ross Johnson, Martin A. Nowak, George M. Shaw, Michael S. Saag
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Borderline hypertension and obesity: two prehypertensive states with elevated cardiac output.
Authors: F H Messerli, H O Ventura, E Reisin, G R Dreslinski, F G Dunn, A A MacPhee, E D Frohlich
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Systemic, renal and splanchnic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, circulating catecholamine levels and plasma renin activity were compared in 39 patients with borderline hypertension and 28 normotensive subjects, who were less than 5% (n = 42, lean patients) or more than 40% overweight (n = 25, obese patients). Lean borderline hypertensive patients had greater cardiac output (p less than 0.05), heart rate (p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05); cardiopulmonary redistribution of intravascular volume (p less than 0.05); and higher circulating norepinephrine levels (p less than 0.05). Obese normotensive subjects also showed an increased cardiac output (p less than 0.005), stroke volume (p less than 0.01), left ventricular stroke work (p less than 0.05), and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) (but not respective indexes), but intravascular volume was expanded (p less than 0.05) without redistribution and circulating catecholamine levels were normal. Obese borderline hypertensive patients had hemodynamic characteristics similar to those of obese normotensive subjects except for an increased peripheral resistance (p less than 0.05). The data indicate that although both populations have an increased cardiac output, the lean borderline hypertensive patients have signs of enhanced adrenergic activity as evidenced by higher circulating catecholamine levels and heart rate with blood volume translocation to the cardiopulmonary circulation. In contrast, the obese subjects (whether normotensive or borderline hypertensive), who also have increased cardiac output, seem to have normal adrenergic activity and an expanded intravascular volume without cardiopulmonary redistribution.
Valproic Acid Teratogenicity: A Toxicogenomics Approach
Authors: Kim Kultima, Anna-Maja Nyström, Birger Scholz, Anne-Lee Gustafson, Lennart Dencker, Michael Stigson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Embryonic development is a highly coordinated set of processes that depend on hierarchies of signaling and gene regulatory networks, and the disruption of such networks may underlie many cases of chemically induced birth defects. The antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) is a potent inducer of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human and mouse embryos. As with many other developmental toxicants however, the mechanism of VPA teratogenicity is unknown. Using microarray analysis, we compared the global gene expression responses to VPA in mouse embryos during the critical stages of teratogen action in vivo with those in cultured P19 embryocarcinoma cells in vitro. Among the identified VPA-responsive genes, some have been associated previously with NTDs or VPA effects [vinculin, metallothioneins 1 and 2 (Mt1, Mt2), keratin 1-18 (Krt1-18)], whereas others provide novel putative VPA targets, some of which are associated with processes relevant to neural tube formation and closure [transgelin 2 (Tagln2), thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 6, galectin-1 (Lgals1), inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Idb1), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), annexins A5 and A11 (Anxa5, Anxa11)], or with VPA effects or known molecular actions of VPA (Lgals1, Mt1, Mt2, Id1, Fasn, Anxa5, Anxa11, Krt1-18). A subset of genes with a transcriptional response to VPA that is similar in embryos and the cell model can be evaluated as potential biomarkers for VPA-induced teratogenicity that could be exploited directly in P19 cell–based in vitro assays. As several of the identified genes may be activated or repressed through a pathway of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and specificity protein 1 activation, our data support a role of HDAC as an important molecular target of VPA action in vivo.
1308 A ROLE FOR DNA REPAIR PROTEIN KINASE (DNA-PK) IN THE PROGRESSION OF SIMPLE STEATOSIS TO STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)?
Authors: A. Whitehead, G.L. Patman, L. Cornell, D. Televantou, N. Curtin, C.P. Day, A.D. Burt, A.-C. Piguet, J.F. Dufour, Q.M. Anstee, H.L. Reeves
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Fetal Complications of Amniocentesis
Authors: William T. Creasman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Amniocentesis is an invaluable diagnostic tool. In the hands of the experienced, the complication rate is small but not unimportant. The possibility of puncturing the fetus at any point, injecting dye into the fetus, introducing infection, precipitating fetomaternal hemorrhage, or traumatizing the placenta must always be kept in mind. Fetal position must be known prior to the amniocentesis to minimize the possible trauma which the fetus may receive during this procedure. Those responsible for the perinatal care of mother and baby must be alert for the complications of this procedure.
The Impact of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome on Medical Residency Training
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In the past five years, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has proved to be a devastating and as yet incurable illness. My own introduction to the syndrome came in 1982, when I was a third-year medical student on my initial rotation in internal medicine. On the previous evening, our team had admitted a young homosexual man with a bizarre history of progressive wasting, fevers, shortness of breath, and new infiltrates on a chest film. My attending physician, having recently read reports of a new (as yet unnamed) syndrome,1 , 2 noted that "this thing is changing the way we practice medicine."Now, . . .
What Matters Magnesium?
Authors: Mark S. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The recent article by Whang and Ryder 1 recommends the addition of magnesium measurements to the standard electrolyte profile. This recommendation is based on their finding that a large number of serum specimens drawn for electrolyte determinations had magnesium concentrations outside the published range of normal.  This article does not appear to report the actual number of patients in whom an abnormal serum magnesium level was missed, but rather the number of blood specimens with abnormalities. Although the Methods section is not detailed enough to be conclusive, it seems plausible that substantial double-counting occurred. If, for example, a physician ordered electrolyte analyses five times on a single patient during the 12 days of the study, and the serum magnesium level was abnormal each time, the authors would have reported five missed abnormal magnesium levels. Given that sick, hospitalized patients are more likely to have both magnesium abnormalities
ACID-BASE NOMOGRAM
Authors: IRWIN SINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Letters and Comments1 April 1967ACID-BASE NOMOGRAMIRWIN SINGER, M.D.IRWIN SINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-4-816 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In his excellent article on a new acid-base nomogram, Dr. J. J. Cohen describes a method for freehand reproduction of the nomogram at the bedside (Ann. Intern. Med. 66: 159, 1967). He states (p. 163) that ". . . the isobar . . . of 24 mEq/liter . . . divides the figure into two equal halves that in turn are bisected by the isobars for 12 and 48 mEq/ liter, respectively."Lest this convenience in construction be misunderstood by the unwary house officer or physician, it should be noted that the 12 and 48 mEq/liter isobars... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: IRWIN SINGER, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Bronx Municipal Hospital Center Bronx, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1967Volume 66, Issue 4 Page: 816-816 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mechanism of Hormonal Control of Adipose Tissue Lipase.
Authors: Martin A. Rizack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Mechanism of Hormonal Control of Adipose Tissue Lipase.Martin A. Rizack, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Martin A. Rizack, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1077_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe activity of triglyceride lipase present in the microsome fraction of adipose tissue is stimulated by epinephrine and norepinephrine. The source of the hormones is the sympathetic nerve endings normally and the adrenal medulla in times of stress.These hormones activate the cyclase present in adipose tissue that converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The cyclic nucleotide is the mediator of the hormone action. Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is also effective in these preparations and may give rise to a cyclic-cytidine derivative. The cyclic nucleotide probably interacts directly with inactive lipase to convert it to an active form. This... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1077-1077KeywordsAdenosine monophosphateAdenosine triphosphateAdipose tissueEpinephrineHormonesLipasesNerve endingsNorepinephrine Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reactive oxygen species in vascular endothelial cell motility. Roles of NAD(P)H oxidase and Rac1
Authors: L MOLDOVAN, K MYTHREYE, P GOLDSCHMIDTCLERMONT, L SATTERWHITE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are acknowledged generally to be multi-faceted regulators of cellular functions that trigger various pathological states when present chronically or transiently at non-physiologically high levels. Here we focus on the physiological involvement of ROS in cellular motility, with special emphasis on endothelial cells (EC). An important source of ROS within EC is the non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase, and the small GTPase Rac1 plays a central role in activating this complex. Rac1 is one of the three Rho-family molecules (Rac, Rho and Cdc42) involved in the control of the actin cytoskeleton in response to various signals. In this review we examine the evidence linking ROS production, Rac1 activation and actin organization to EC motility, considering mechanisms for direct interaction of ROS and actin and the effects of ROS on proteins that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. The accumulated evidence suggests that ROS are important regulators of the actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular motility, and more in-depth studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Hyperacute stroke care and NHS England's business plan
Authors: T. Monks, M. Pitt, K. Stein, M. A. James
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Computer simulation, coupled with high quality data, can help in decision making

NHS England’s refreshed business plan identifies the reconfiguration of hyperacute stroke services as a priority. NHS England aims to develop the case for major reconfigurations in two further geographical locations by April 2015.1 This priority follows the centralisation of London’s acute stoke care in 2010, in which 30 local hospitals receiving stroke patients were reduced to eight hyperacute stroke units, each within a maximum ambulance travel time of 30 minutes. In a before and after study,2 the thrombolysis rate increased from 5% to 12%, the survival rate increased from 87.2% to 88.7%, and centralisation achieved an estimated 90 day cost saving of more than £5m (€6.1; $8.4m) a year. 

Improvements have continued, with 2013 audit data for London reporting a thrombolysis rate of 17% and median door to needle times ranging from 29 to 48 minutes compared with an English average of 12% and median 59 minutes, respectively.3 Given London’s success, an important question arises for many NHS commissioners: would such a reconfiguration be just as effective outside the major conurbations?

Central to this question is the exquisitely time sensitive …
Endothelial Lipase Is Increased In Vivo by Inflammation in Humans
Authors: Karen O. Badellino, Megan L. Wolfe, Muredach P. Reilly, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Endothelial lipase (EL) is a plasma lipase that we previously reported to be significantly correlated with all features of the metabolic syndrome in humans, including directly with measures of adiposity and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that inflammation associated with obesity results in upregulation of EL. We determined the relationship between inflammatory markers and EL levels in a cohort of healthy persons recruited on the basis of family history of coronary disease. Furthermore, we directly tested the hypothesis that plasma EL concentrations would increase with induction of an inflammatory state by low-dose endotoxin in humans.High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in plasma of 858 subjects. Significant direct correlations (P<0.001 for all) were found between EL concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r=0.28), interleukin-6 (r=0.22), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (r=0.22), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (r=0.24), and leptin (r=0.20). An inverse correlation was present with adiponectin (r=-0.15, P<0.001). Adiponectin inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated EL secretion from cultured human coronary endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Experimental low-dose endotoxemia in 20 subjects resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in EL concentrations 12 to 16 hours after injection, which correlated temporally with decreases in both total and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid.In humans, plasma inflammatory markers are directly correlated with plasma EL concentrations, and experimental endotoxemia significantly increases plasma EL concentrations, proving that EL is upregulated by inflammation in humans. This mechanism may partially explain the low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels seen in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Induction of antiphosphorylcholine antibody formation by anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Authors: E Trenkner, R Riblet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies have been used to mimic antigen in the mouse antiphosphorylcholine response in order to investigate the induction of precursors of antibody-forming cells. We have shown that interaction of anti-idiotype antibody with receptor antibody molecules induces the formation of antibodies that are specific for phosphorylcholine and carry the idiotypic determinants. This induction is dependent on the recognition of carrier determinants on the anti-idiotype antibody by helper T cells. We conclude that receptor antibody molecules on the surface of the precursors of antibody-forming cells deliver the antigenic signal for the induction of these cells.