tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver disease without flipping: New functions of ATP8B1, the protein affected in familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1
Authors: Paul A. Dawson
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 1 (PFIC1; formerly called Byler's disease and Greenland-Eskimo familial cholestasis) was identified as a chronic intrahepatic cholestasis associated with coarse granular bile in patients with elevated serum bile acids but normal gamma glutamyltranserase (GGT) levels. 1 The gene defect in patients with PFIC1 had been mapped to chromosome 18 in the same region where a similar but milder disease phenotype, Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC), was localized.A combined search for the two disease loci identified a P-type ATPase, gene symbol ATP8B1, as the defective gene for both PFIC1 and the Type 1 form of BRIC. 2 ATP8B1 is localized on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, but is also expressed at the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells in many other tissues including the pancreas, small intestine, urinary bladder, stomach, and prostate.4][5] Notably, many of these extrahepatic symptoms persist after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Hyperthyroidism Followed by Scleroderma
Authors: John A. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A RECENT report of scleroderma and hyperthyroidism<sup>1</sup>suggested that scleroderma had not been reported in direct association with hyperthyroidism. We describe a patient in whom scleroderma was diagnosed at the time of radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. The subsequent course of his scleroderma has been one of continued improvement. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-year-old man was transferred on March 17, 1964, from another Veterans Administration Hospital for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Initially, he had complained of a 13.5-kg weight loss, diarrhea, and fluttering of the heart. His protein-bound iodine (PBI) level was 10.1μg/100 ml (normal, 4μg to 8μg/100 ml), and he had been taking methimazole. To confirm the diagnosis, the methimazole regimen was discontinued, whereupon the PBI value rose to 15μg/100 ml. A 24-hour radioactive iodine uptake was 61% (normal, 15% to 35%). On April 29, 1964, he received 7.98 mCi<sup>131</sup>I. He was next seen in June 1964,
Photosensitivity Diseases: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Michael M. Schreiber
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For a book on photosensitivity diseases of only 372 pages, a surprising amount of practical information is presented. The authors' aim, as stated in their preface, for this to be a practical and concise guide for clinicians, is certainly achieved. The book's five-part format is excellent. The introduction makes for entertaining reading. Part 2, "Principles of Photobiology and Photochemistry," presents all the related fundamentals of physics needed in clinical medicine. It is a concise discussion, showing careful planning, with simple and clear diagrams. Part 3 deals with the "Therapeutic Effects of Light" clearly but not in enough detail. Part 4, "Diagnosis and Management of Photosensitivity Diseases" comprising more than half of the book and includes all the photosensitivity disorders in a practical order. The coverage of each disorder could have been more comprehensive. The only distractions from this fine presentation were the black-andwhite clinical photographs, some of which are repeated
Polyarthritis in Western Nigeria. I. Rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: B.M Greenwood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease, and gout have all been seen in tropical Africa (Table I), but little is known of the importance of these conditionis in the health of the indigenous population of this region.It was, therefore, considered that a study of patients presenting with polyarthritis at a large hospital in Western Nigeria might be of value.This paper describes the methods employed during this study and the findings in a group of Nigerian pat- ients with chronic polyarthritis who satisfied the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959) for a diagnosis of definite or probable rheumatoid arth- ritis.A second paper describes the features of Nigerian children with Still's disease, and a third describes the findings in patients presenting during the course of this survey with other forms of polyarthritis.
Not Just Pecs, Great Pecs: Feisty, Fast-Draw Feminist in Model Muddle
Authors: Rosemary E. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> This letter is in regard to the advertisement for Trandate in the July 15 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. In my opinion, this is a sexist advertisement. The nude female picture is an eye-catcher, and the directions to "peel" are intriguing. I feel certain that the nude female figure and not a nude male figure or the couple shown on the reverse side of the picture was chosen because it was more eye-catching.
Further Thoughts on Why There Are Good Data Supporting the Inferior Vena Cava Filter
Authors: Vinay Prasad, Jason Rho, Adam Cifu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 5546: Improved gastrointestinal repair post irradiation with AEOL 10150
Authors: Catherine Booth, Gregory Tudor, Thomas MacVittie, Brian Day, John McManus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal toxicity, often manifested as ulceration and diarrhoea (mucositis) occurs following exposure to radiation and many chemotherapeutics. Potential treatments include prophylactic damage limitation or therapeutic/mitigatory wound repair dosing regimes. Treatments that are effective mitigators also have biodefence applications. In both the clinic or following nuclear terrorism effective agents may be given in combination with haematological therapies, in addition to standard supportive care agents. Methods AEOL 10150 [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1,3-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrinato] manganese (III) pentachloride was administered to C57BL/6 male mice s.c. daily from 24hrs following a single dose of 13Gy total body X-irradiation. AEOL 10150 was administered at a 2x initial loading dose of 40 or 20mg/kg and then subsequently each day at 20 or 10mg/kg respectively. Animals were euthanized 4 and 6 days post irradiation and the number of regenerating small intestinal crypts measured. In a parallel study the levels diarrhoea and animal viability were measured animals exposed to 15Gy partial body X-irradiation (partially lead shielded to protect the bone marrow). Results Treatment with AEOL 10150 increased the number of surviving regenerating crypt observed in histological cross sections of the small intestine 4 days post irradiation. This was highly significant at both doses (p&amp;lt;0.001 for the 40/20mg/kg schedule and p=0.009 for the 20/10 mg/kg schedule). By day 6, where crypt numbers had increased from day 4, numbers were increased but not statistically significant. Levels of crypt fission, necessary to restore crypt numbers, were also increased. At the highest treatment dose animal mortality was only marginally reduced (p=0.115) but the severity and duration of observed diarrhoea was significantly reduced (p=0.021 and p=0.010 respectively). Conclusion AEOL 10150 demonstrated efficacy in both histological and physiological readouts of radiation induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Studies are currently ongoing to investigate whether other dosing schedules can further improve gastrointestinal repair. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5546.
Complementary Medicine
Authors: Edzard Ernst
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Complementary medicine (CM) is popular; 1-year prevalence figures range from 20% in the U.K. to 65% in Germany (1). Increasingly, CM options are being discussed as treatments for diabetes (2,3). The Chair of the U.S. White House Commission on CM predicted that “within 5–10 years CM will be part of the care in every major hospital and clinic across the country” (4), and a U.S. ‘think tank’ estimated that “by 2010 at least two-thirds (of the US population) will be using one or more of the approaches we now consider complementary or alternative” (5). Such statements implicitly suggest that CM is safe. In fact, a recent report by the U.K. House of Lords’ Science and Technology Select Committee stated, “There is no doubt that CM therapies are very safe” (6). But how sure can we be that this is true?

Some forms of CM are clearly not totally devoid of risk: acupuncture, for instance, has caused deaths and other serious complications through infection and trauma; chiropractic treatment has done so through vertebral arterial dissection after upper spinal manipulation; and herbal medicines have caused serious complications through hepato- and nephrotoxicity as well as herb-drug interactions (7). Such events are almost certainly rare, but their exact incidence is unknown at present. Thus, they represent an unknown that needs …
Number of children dropping out of cancer treatment at Mumbai hospital drops fourfold
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 2012 study found that the proportion of children with cancer who refused or abandoned treatment at the Tata Memorial Hospital fell fourfold from 2009 to 2012, from over 20% to just under 5%. The Mumbai hospital said that this followed an initiative to reduce dropout rates.

Every year around 2000 children begin cancer treatment at Tata Memorial, and historically many have not completed it, prompting the hospital to investigate the reasons for this.1 

Shripad Banavali, professor and head of …
Internal-Mammary-Lymph-Node Biopsy as a Diagnostic Aid in Pleural Effusion
Authors: E. F. Conklin, C. B. Yeoh, J. M. Jones, J. A. Malcolm, J. M. Ford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE etiology of a pleural effusion can at times be difficult to establish. Pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma are notorious in this regard, and in both diseases it is mandatory that every effort be made to obtain histologic confirmation of the diagnosis. Stead1 states that 50 to 80 per cent of tuberculous effusions are sterile bacteriologically. Donahoe et al.2 report pleural biopsy to be diagnostic in 30 to 70 per cent of cases with effusion. Internal-mammary-lymph-node biopsy was evaluated as an alternative method for obtaining a histologic diagnosis in cases with pleural effusion. This report concerns its use in 37 . . .
Association of diabetes and PNPLA3 genetic variants with disease severity of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Chung-Feng Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Ming-Lun Yeh, Ching-I Huang, Chi-Ming Tai, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Po-Cheng Liang, Yi-Hung Lin, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Hua-Ling Yang, Jee-Fu Huang, Zu-Yau Lin, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Ming-Lung Yu, Wan-Long Chuang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Body Weight and Subsequent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John B. O'Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The ten- to 16-year predictive value of body weight for diabetes mellitus was evaluated prospectively in two groups of women with initially normal results of glucose tolerance tests. The incidence of diabetes in 602 high-risk (previous transient gestational glucose intolerance) participants was significantly higher for overweight subjects (46.7%) than for those of normal weight (25.6%). In 328 concurrently selected negative control subjects (without previous intolerance), the difference was not significant (4.5% v 1.9%). Another definition of diabetes, indicating further deterioration, gave similar results, although high-risk overweight women had disproportionately higher incidence rates. Being overweight had no substantial predictive value for diabetes mellitus during this period unless the additional evidence for a high-risk classification was present. Among such persons at high risk, excess weight also predicted the severity of the subsequent diabetic condition.
National Effort to Immunize Adolescents Begins
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

CONCERNED by a greater than one third increase in measles and an estimated 30 000 cases of hepatitis B among teenagers in the United States, infectious disease authorities are urging renewed efforts to immunize those entering adolescence against these diseases. They also draw attention to teenagers' need for a tetanus booster dose and recommend the use of varicella vaccine. On September 13, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, will issue No. RR-13 in its Recommendations and Reports series,<i>Immunization of Adolescents: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association</i>. The report presents a "new strategy [that] emphasizes vaccination of adolescents 11-12 years of age by establishing a routine visit to their health-care providers.... to (a) vaccinate adolescents who have not been previously vaccinated with varicella vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, or
Cases of measles in England and Wales are highest for 13 years
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Public health officials have warned that there is a “real risk” of a large measles epidemic in Britain after the number of children presenting with the disease rose sharply this year.

Figures from the Health Protection Agency show that 1049 cases of measles were confirmed in England and Wales to the end of October 2008, the highest total since the current system of monitoring the disease was introduced …
Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis. An autopsy study.
Authors: J F Tomashefski, R C Stern, C A Demko, C F Doershuk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We retrospectively studied lung and hilar lymph nodes at autopsy in 18 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who had antemortem sputum cultures positive for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Histologic features were compared with those of 18 patients with CF who had negative antemortem cultures. The most frequent species isolated was M. chelonae group (10 patients). Multiple cultures were positive for NTM in six patients. Three patients were clinically considered to be infected, and two received antimycobacteria drugs. Necrotizing pulmonary granulomas associated with granulomatous organizing pneumonia were found at autopsy in two patients, each of whom had multiple positive sputum cultures and clinical evidence of infection. In one of these, mycobacterial infection was considered to be an important factor in her terminal illness. Neither necrotizing granulomas nor granulomatous organizing pneumonia were seen in the lung tissue of patients whose antemortem cultures were negative for mycobacteria. There was no difference in the prevalence of other granuloma-like lesions between those with and those without positive sputum cultures. No mycobacteria-related granulomas occurred in hilar lymph nodes, although histoplasma granulomas involved hilar lymph nodes of three patients. We conclude that granulomatous mycobacterial lung disease is present in a minority of patients (two of six patients in this study) who have multiple positive cultures. Histologic evidence of infection was not found in patients who had only one of multiple sputum cultures positive for NTM.
Increased Bone Marrow Activity on F-18-FDG PET/CT in Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Producing Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Martin Zweifel, Frank Stenner-Liewen, Achim Weber, Panagiotis Samaras, Kathrin Zaugg, Alexander Knuth, Jan D. Soyka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 57-year-old man presented with jugular swelling. A leukocytosis of 50,000 WBC/μL (95% neutrophils) was found. PET/CT demonstrated increased fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the cervical/retrosternal mass, in the bone marrow, and in the enlarged spleen. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed myeloid hypercellularity with a left shift, but there were no signs of dysplasia and no evidence of tumor infiltration. Pathology of the thyroidectomy specimen confirmed an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was elevated to 38.8 pg/mL (normal range, <0.6 pg/mL); granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor was normal (<2 pg/mL).
Abstract P3-10-10: Progesterone Receptor-Negative Status Predicts Poorer Outcomes in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Patients Treated with Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Authors: AB Chagpar, KM McMasters, MJ Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: While estrogen receptor (ER) status has been used as the primary factor influencing the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), a number of ER-positive patients will relapse on this therapy. It has been postulated that SERM-resistance may be modulated by aberrant growth factor signaling, for which progesterone receptor (PR) status may be a surrogate. PR status, however, is frequently not considered as a strong prognostic or predictive marker in ER-positive patients. We sought to define the effect of PR-status on outcomes in such patients treated with SERMs. Methods: The North American Fareston versus Tamoxifen Adjuvant (NAFTA) Trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, prospective trial that randomized patients with resected hormone-receptor positive breast cancers to receive either adjuvant tamoxifen (20 mg po daily) or toremifene (60 mg po daily) for five years. Between July 1998 and December 2002, 1692 ER-positive positive patients were randomized. PR was missing for 15 patients. The remaining 1677 (1424 PR-positive and 253 PR-negative) patients formed the cohort of interest for this analysis. The impact of PR status on overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed using Kaplan Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards modeling. Results: The median patient age was 67 (range; 41-100) with a median tumor size of 1.2 cm (range; 0.01-14.00 cm). PR-positive status was correlated with node-negative disease (91.3% vs. 87.0%, p=0.035) and low grade tumors (34.9% vs. 27.7%, p=0.009), but was not associated with tumor size (p=0.533) or patient age (p=0.067). With a median follow-up of 59 months, the 5-year actuarial OS and DFS of PR-negative patients was significantly worse than that of PR-positive patients (88.5% vs. 94.3%, p=0.009 and 86.1% vs. 92.5%, p=0.003, respectively). Controlling for tumor size, grade and lymph node status, PR-negative status continued to predict worse DFS (OR=1.561; 95% CI: 1.013-2.406, p=0.043), although it lost significance in terms of OS (OR=1.619; 95% CI: 0.980-2.674, p=0.060). Conclusion: PR-negative status is an independent predictor of worse DFS in ER-positive patients treated with SERMs. These data support the hypothesis that PR-negative status may signal a higher rate of SERM-resistance, and should be considered in adjuvant therapy decisionmaking. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-10.
Famciclovir for Genital Herpes-Reply
Authors: Fred Y. Oaki
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Goldman raises important aspects of episodic therapy for genital herpes. We have previously identified the high background frequency of completely nonlesional episodes without treatment<sup>1</sup>and have found it to be quite variable, ranging as high as 40%<sup>2</sup>depending on study design. Therefore, interpretation of aborted episode results must be undertaken carefully. Dr Goldman defines aborted episodes in his letter as avoidance of vesicular and ulcerative lesions, a definition stemming from the study by Spruance et al<sup>3</sup>that compared high-dose and low-dose valacyclovir hydrochloride with placebo. This definition allows for macule/papule/edema formation within the definition of "aborted" and does not address the issue of viral shedding or possible transmission from these nonvesicular lesions. In fact, only about half of the nonvesicular episodes were truly nonlesional. Because this observation is clinically linked with lesion healing, corrections for multiple comparisons (eg, the Bonferroni correction) seem especially important. To demonstrate
Efficacy and safety of retapamulin ointment as treatment of impetigo: randomized double-blind multicentre placebo-controlled trial
Authors: S. Koning, J.C. van der Wouden, O. Chosidow, M. Twynholm, K.P. Singh, N. Scangarella, A.P. Oranje
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Impetigo is a common skin infection, primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus and mainly occurring in children. It is usually treated topically with antibiotics to achieve a quick cure and prevent spread of the infection. Worldwide, resistance rates of S. aureus against commonly used antibiotics are rising. Retapamulin belongs to a newly developed class of antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated skin infections.Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical application of retapamulin ointment with topical placebo ointment in the treatment of primary impetigo.In a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study, patients received either topical retapamulin ointment 1% twice daily for 5 days or topical placebo. Patients were enrolled into the study for 14 days and attended the clinic for three visits during which clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed.Two hundred and thirteen patients were randomized, with 139 evaluable patients in the retapamulin group and 71 in the placebo group. Based on the primary efficacy endpoint of clinical response after 7 days (intention to treat), retapamulin ointment was superior to placebo (success rate 85.6% vs. 52.1%; P<0.0001). Similar results were found in the per protocol analysis and in the subgroup of patients who had a pathogen isolated at baseline. The most common adverse effect, pruritus at the application site, was reported by 6% and 1% of patients in the retapamulin and placebo groups, respectively.This study shows that topical retapamulin is effective and safe in the treatment of primary impetigo, offering a new treatment option.