tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of the Content of Prenatal Care to the Risk of Low Birth Weight
Authors: Michael D. Kogan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Numerous studies have found a relationship between the quantity of prenatal care received and birth outcomes. Few studies have had the opportunity to examine the content of prenatal care. This study examined the relationship between two components of the content of prenatal care: maternal reports of health behavior advice received and initial prenatal care procedures performed during the first two visits and low birth weight in a national sample of women. Advice and initial procedures were categorized based on the recommendations of the US Public Health Service Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Interview survey of a nationally representative sample of women who had live births in 1988. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 9394 women, with data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Low birth weight (&lt;2500 g) as reported on the birth certificate. <h3>Results.</h3> —After controlling for other sociodemographic, utilization, medical, and behavioral factors, women who reported not receiving all the types of advice recommended by the Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care were more likely to have a low—birth-weight infant compared with women who reported receiving the optimal level of advice (odds ratio=1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.60). There were no differences between women who reported receiving all the recommended initial prenatal care procedures and those who reported not receiving all recommended prenatal care (odds ratio=1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.14). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These data suggest that women who report receiving sufficient health behavior advice as part of their prenatal care are at lower risk of delivering a low—birth-weight infant. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1340-1345)
Abstract 5590: Role of estrogen receptor-beta in colitis-associated cancer
Authors: Diana Saleiro, Genoveva Murillo, Karun Mutreja, Michael Hawthorne, Rajendra G. Mehta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease has been strongly correlated with colitis-associated cancer (CAC) cases, a subtype of colorectal cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) exerted protective effects against the development of colonic precancerous lesions in the azoxymethane-induced spontaneous colon cancer in vivo model. In the present study, we investigated whether ERβ could also be protective against CAC. Estrogen receptor-β knockout (βERKO) and wild type (WT) mice were exposed to azoxymethane, followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. Three days after the DSS treatment two βERKO mice died, suggesting that these mice might be more susceptible to inflammatory inducers than WT mice. Furthermore, six weeks after DSS exposure five mice from each group were sacrificed and morphology and RNA analyses of inflammation markers were performed. All βERKO mice presented polyp-like structures in the colon (3.60 ± 0.81) and greater number of cellular infiltration areas (9.00 ± 1.50), whereas only two WT mice presented polyp-like structures (2.40 ± 1.47) and fewer number of cellular infiltration areas (4.00 ± 2.02). βERKO mice showed 9.8 and 5.6 fold increase in mRNA expression of inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, when compared to WT mice. In both βERKO and WT mice a 2.1 fold increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was observed compared to the respective negative control groups. All together these results suggest that ERβ might be protective against CAC. These data will be compared to the group of mice that will be sacrificed 15 weeks post DSS treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5590. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5590
THE FEMALE SEX HORMONE AND THE GESTATIONAL GLAND
Authors: ROBERT T. FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In spite of the efforts of many investigators as well as of clinicians to obscure the issue by introducing complexities, the fact remains that the female genital tract still has but one purpose—that of reproduction. To accomplish this vital purpose periodic sex cycles occur, of which the fertile sex cycle, as we shall try to show, and not the infertile, or abortive cycle, is, and should be regarded, as the normal type.  Carlson 1 has outlined these complexities. Our intention is to simplify the situation by reducing the essential facts to be considered to the fewest, and to demonstrate that these essential phenomena can be reproduced by extracts obtained from the ovarian follicle fluid, corpus luteum and placenta. The extracts so far prepared by us contain the female sex hormone in an as yet not fully pure state.  The work here outlined is a preliminary communication which embraces not only
Personality profile and affective state of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: D A Robertson, J Ray, I Diamond, J G Edwards
Journal: Gut (1989)

The Eysenck Personality Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale were administered to 80 patients undergoing medical treatment for long standing inflammatory bowel disease: 22 patients were studied before the diagnosis was established and 40 patients with diabetes mellitus served as controls. High neuroticism and introversion scores were more prevalent in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease than controls (p less than 0.05) and these characteristics were as prominent in patients before diagnosis as in established cases. Introversion scores increased with the duration of disease (r = 0.51). Depression was uncommon, occurring only in patients with active chronic disease. Patients believed there was a close link between personality, stress and disease activity. Fifty six of the patients recognised factors that initiated the disease and in 42 this was thought to be a stressful life event or a 9nervous personality9.
IgE to Bet v 1 and profilin: Cross-reactivity patterns and clinical relevance
Authors: Marjolein Wensing, Jaap H. Akkerdaas, W.Astrid van Leeuwen, Steven O. Stapel, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Rob C. Aalberse, Bert J.E.G. Bast, André C. Knulst, Ronald van Ree
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Cognitive enhancers are set to change workplaces
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Cognition enhancing drugs are increasingly being used by healthy people and could dramatically change how people work over the next decade, says a new report.1

The report, from the Academy of Medical Sciences, the British Academy, the Royal Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society, examined a wide range of current and emerging technologies such as cognition enhancing drugs, bionic limbs, and retinal implants. It said that many of these technologies might improve performance in the workplace but that their use also raised many ethical, philosophical, and regulatory questions.

The report said that cognitive enhancers present the greatest immediate challenge for regulators and policy makers and called for further research into their use …
ECG monitoring with implanted monitors increased AF detection more than usual follow-up after cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Lucas McCarthy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club18 November 2014ECG monitoring with implanted monitors increased AF detection more than usual follow-up after cryptogenic strokeLucas McCarthy, MD, MSLucas McCarthy, MD, MSUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-10-201411180-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, et al; CRYSTAL AF Investigators. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2478-86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24963567Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Neurology: References1 Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, et al. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2014;45:520-6. [PMID: 24385275] Google Scholar2 Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45:2160-236. [PMID: 24788967] Google Scholar3 Kamel H. Heart-rhythm monitoring for evaluation of cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014;370;26:2531-3. [PMID: 24963573] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lucas McCarthy, MD, MSAffiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (L.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 4 November 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAmbulatory ECG monitoring for 30 d increased AF detection more than 24 h of ECG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke Lucas McCarthy Metrics 18 November 2014Volume 161, Issue 10Page: JC3KeywordsAnticoagulantsAtrial fibrillationElectrocardiographyNeurologyNumber needed to treatPacemakersPatientsStrokeSystematic reviewsTransient ischemic attacks ePublished: 18 November 2014 Issue Published: 18 November 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sick sinus syndrome.
Authors: B Livesley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Sick Sinus Syndrome Sn,-T7here are two points in your leading article on sinuatrial disorder (23 June, p. 677) whikh require comment.The familial nature of this disorder requires stressing since it is not only in the younger relatives that it can be asymptonatic.Moreover, not all affected patents fai to develop a tachy- cardia on exercise, and older and affected siblings may neglect their sytoms until cerebral or cardiac catastophes occur.Earlier diagnosis by careful screening of the families of affected patients using simple clinical nethodsj can prevent unnecessary cardiac and cerebrl neurosis and allow planned follow-up of the asymptonatic but affected patients and then earlier provision of effec tive treatment when sym ms do occur.Although angina caused by persisenice of bradycardia during exercise and rest has been described as an aetiological factor for the anginal syoms and cerebra distubances of John Hunter,2 your leading article surely misplaced one reference source.'This com- muncation, the first to use the term sinuatrial disorder in 1971, suggested that acute hyperextension of the neck causing indirect trauma to the sinuatrial node may be a more common contributory cause of death in patients with closed head injury than is at present recognized.-Iam, etc., B. LIvEsLEY
SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THYMUS LEUKEMIA ANTIGENS SOLUBILIZED FROM CELL MEMBRANES BY PAPAIN DIGESTION
Authors: Takashi Muramatsu, Stanley G. Nathenson, Edward A. Boyse, Lloyd J. Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Thymus leukemia (TL) alloantigenic activity was solubilized by papain proteolytic digestion from intact RADA1 tumor cells. If the cells were labeled with amino acids and fucose, the TL alloantigen could be isolated as a doubly labeled glycoprotein fragment by indirect precipitation from the papain digest. This TL glycoprotein fragment was approximately the same mol wt as the papain-digested H-2.4 alloantigen fragment as judged by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The carbohydrate chain of the TL glycoprotein obtained by exhaustive pronase digestion behaved as a glycopeptide of approximately 4,500 mol wt, as compared with the glycopeptide of the H-2.4 alloantigen that had a mol wt of about 3,500. Thus, the TL alloantigen can be solubilized by papain digestion as a glycoprotein fragment similar in mol wt to the H-2 alloantigen glycoprotein fragment. The carbohydrate chain of the TL glycoprotein is larger than the H-2 carbohydrate chain.
Noninvasive detection of rejection of transplanted hearts with indium-111-labeled lymphocytes.
Authors: H J Eisen, S B Eisenberg, J E Saffitz, R M Bolman, B E Sobel, S R Bergmann
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To determine whether cardiac transplant rejection can be detected noninvasively with indium-111 (111In)-labeled lymphocytes, we studied 11 dogs with thoracic heterotopic cardiac transplants without immunosuppression and five dogs with transplants treated with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day) and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day). All were evaluated sequentially with gamma scintigraphy after administration of 150 to 350 muCi of autologous 111In-lymphocytes. Technetium-99m-labeled red blood cells (1 to 3 mCi) were used for correction of radioactivity in the blood pool attributable to circulating labeled lymphocytes. Lymphocyte infiltration was quantified as the ratio of indium in the myocardium of the transplant or native heart compared with that in blood (indium excess, IE). Results were correlated with mechanical and electrical activity of allografts and with histologic findings in sequential biopsy specimens. In untreated dogs (n = 11), IE was 15.5 +/- 7.0 (SD) in transplanted hearts undergoing rejection and 0.4 +/- 1.1 in native hearts on the day before animals were killed (p less than .01). In dogs treated with cyclosporine and prednisone (n = 5), IE was minimal in allografts during the course of immunosuppression (0.8 +/- 0.4) and increased to 22.9 +/- 11.1 after immunosuppression was stopped. Scintigraphic criteria of rejection (IE greater than 2 SD above that in native hearts) correlated with results of biopsies indicative of rejection and appeared before electrophysiologic or mechanical manifestations of dysfunction. Thus infiltration of labeled lymphocytes in allografts, indicative of rejection, is detectable noninvasively by gamma scintigraphy and provides a sensitive approach potentially applicable to clinical monitoring for early detection of rejection and guidance for titration of immunosuppressive measures.
The Question of Survival After Death
Authors: Monroe Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The title of the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION "Near-Death Experiences" tolled an unusual note with its subheading "Relevance to the Question of Survival After Death" (242:265, 1979). As a subject that is traditionally the concern of religion, its appearance in a journal of medicine invoked the promise of new ideas on an issue that is as old as mankind. The expectant reader, however, was sadly misled. Despite the authors' criticism of popular reports concerning "survival" after death and their avowed respect for scientific principles, nowhere in their essay do they postulate what might be meant by surviving after death. Without such a definition, they are reduced to a discussion on the level of the spiritualist. I fail to see how this article qualifies for publication in a medical journal.
Induction of ovalbumin-specific cytotoxic T cells by in vivo peptide immunization.
Authors: F R Carbone, M J Bevan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

CTL recognize peptide forms of processed, foreign antigens in association with class I molecules encoded by the MHC and are usually directed against endogenously synthesized "cellular antigens," such as those expressed by virus-infected cells. In vitro studies have shown that small exogenous peptides can directly associate with class I molecules on the cell surface and mimic the target complex derived by intracellular processing and presentation. We have recently generated OVA-specific, H-2Kb-restricted CTL by immunizing C57BL/6 mice with a syngeneic tumor line transfected with the OVA cDNA. The CTL recognize the OVA transfectant E.G7-OVA and the synthetic peptide OVA258-276, but fail to recognize the native protein. We reasoned that given the potential for direct peptide/class I association observed in vitro, OVA258-276 may induce CTL after in vivo priming. However, we found that this is not the case. OVA258-276 and peptides of increasing lengths up to OVA242-276 and OVA242-285, which are all able to form the target complex in vitro, are inefficient at priming E.G7-OVA-specific CTL responses after intravenous injection. This is also true for both native and denatured OVA. In contrast to these results the synthetic peptide OVA229-276 corresponding to a peptide in a partial tryptic digestion of OVA can efficiently prime C57BL/6 mice in vivo after intravenous injection. This peptide elicits CTL that appear identical to those derived from animals immunized with syngeneic cells producing OVA endogenously. These results are discussed in terms of separate class I and class II antigen presentation pathways and the ability of only certain, exogenous antigens to enter the cytoplasmic, class I pathway.
Pathology of Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This meticulous study reviews the autopsy material collected during a 20-year period (1927-1946) at the Glasgow Maternity Hospital, and from the Liverpool Maternity Hospital from 1946 onward. The toxemia cases consisted of 202 autopsies taken from a pool of 677 maternal deaths. The descriptive and numerical analysis of the gross and histological changes in each major organ is taken up in several chapters, each one devoted to an isolated histological element such as "Visceral Epithelium of The Glomeruli," or the "Glomerular Capsule." In addition, the less important organs are given separate chapters. In each area, comparisons are made to the "control" cases utilizing the other maternal autopsies. This book could not have been written utilizing present-day autopsy material, for deaths from toxemia in a modern obstetrical care setting are virtually nonexistent. Thus, the book represents a museum piece of the variations in fatal eclampsia, a preventable disease. It is at
Interferon therapy lowers the rate of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C but not significantly in an advanced stage: a retrospective study in 1148 patients
Authors: Takeshi Okanoue, Yoshito Itoh, Masahito Minami, Shinichi Sakamoto, Kohichiro Yasui, Masafumi Sakamoto, Kenichi Nishioji, Yoshiki Murakami, Kei Kashima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
What is the role of walk-in centres in the NHS?
Authors: C. Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In April 1999 the Department of Health authorised funding for a pilot scheme of 40 NHS walk-in centres in 30 towns and cities across England,1 the first of which opened in January 2000. The overall aim of walk-in centres is to improve access to high quality health care in a manner that is both efficient and supportive of other local NHS providers. It is hoped that the centres will complement other primary care initiatives such as NHS Direct, playing a major part in the government's commitment to modernise the NHS. Key features of NHS walk-in centres are shown in the box.2

#### Key features of NHS walk-in centres

Wide opening hours (usually 7 am to 10 pm every day)

Walk-in access, without the need for an appointment

Convenient location

Provision of information and treatment for minor conditions

Offer health promotion, supporting people in caring for themselves

Build on, not compete with or duplicate, existing services

Maximise the role of nurses; use of skill mix

Nurses supported by computerised software for clinical assessment

Good links with local general practices

Services that meet the needs of their identified population

The establishment of walk-in centres within the NHS has been controversial. The claimed advantages are that centres improve access to health care through wide opening hours, a convenient location, and minimal waiting without an appointment. By using software for clinical assessment, nurses should be able to provide high quality care for patients, reducing demand on other NHS services and maximising efficiency. Such centres may also increase the appropriateness of patients' problems seen by other NHS providers by encouraging self care and helping people to identify when they need to consult a doctor.

Critics have put forward several counter-arguments.3 Walk-in centres may increase access primarily for affluent people, thus increasing health inequalities. Increased accessibility may increase total demand …
Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis A in Homosexual Men
Authors: Lawrence Corey, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We performed monthly examinations and serologic tests for antibody to hepatitis virus A (anti-HA) in a study of 57 heterosexual men and 102 homosexual men followed prospectively for a mean of 8.9 months and 6.1 months, respectively. The initial prevalence of anti-HA was 30 per cent in homosexual men and 12 per cent in heterosexual men P less than 0.01). The annual incidence of hepatitis A in susceptible (seronegative) homosexual men was 22 per cent, whereas no heterosexual men acquired hepatitis A. Diaries concerning sexual behavior kept by homosexual men showed that the acquisition of hepatitis A virus infection contact. Hepatitis A should be considered one of the enteric infections that appear to be sexually transmitted among homosexual men.
Trachoma Among Southwestern Indians
Authors: John C. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1961)

TRACHOMA is one of the most widespread infections in the world today, affecting an estimated 15 per cent of the population of the earth,1and is a major cause of blindness in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In the United States the disease was formerly prevalent in the white population of the so-called  belt, which extended from West Virginia to Missouri and Arkansas, and in the Indians of the West. Recent reports have suggested that trachoma has all but disappeared from the white population and is rapidly becoming extinct among the Indians.2, 3This report deals with the findings of recent trachoma surveys among the Indians of New Mexico and Arizona.  Trachoma is a chronic keratoconjunctivitis caused by a virus of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group which has only recently been isolated.4-6The virus grows on the epithelium of the conjunctiva and presumably produces changes in