tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological responses of patients with psoriasis and the effect of treatment with methotrexate
Authors: A. LEVANTINE, JONATHAN BROSTOFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A group of thirty-six patients, of whom fourteen were being treated with methotrexate, were studied in order to assess T-lymphocyte function by in vitro techniques. Circulating T-lymphocytes in aliquots of blood were assessed by the rosetting technique. No differences were found in psoriatics, whether on methotrexate or not, compared with fifteen control subjects. Lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte transformation to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) tended to be lower in the psoriatic group as a whole than in the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, a significant inverse relationship was found between the extent of the skin lesions and lymphocyte transformation to PHA, i.e. the smaller the area of skin affected the higher the lymphocyte transformation. Psoriatics treated with methotrexate had fewer skin lesions and higher lymphocyte transformation to PHA than psoriatics not so treated, probably reflecting this inverse relationship. The reason why the presence of extensive psoriasis is associated with depressed lymphocyte transformation is not understood. No evidence was found that methotrexate depressed cell-mediated immunity as judged by these in vitro tests.
Mosquito repellents for travellers
Authors: N. M. Stanczyk, R. H. Behrens, V. Chen-Hussey, S. A. Stewart, J. G. Logan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line A pregnant woman visits you as her general practitioner (GP) because she and her children will be visiting a country with mosquito borne disease. You recommend using repellents to protect against mosquitoes, as well as vaccinations and other relevant disease prevention measures. She asks which repellents would be best. The key factors to consider when choosing a repellent are the active chemical ingredients and the strength (concentration (%) of active ingredient) because these influence the efficacy and duration of protection.1 2 There are four active ingredients with sufficient published scientific evidence to warrant recommendation. Repellents are useful in areas of low risk of mosquito borne disease to prevent nuisance biting (which may lead to problems such as allergies) and are essential in moderate to high risk areas (figure⇓) to prevent disease transmission (such as malaria and dengue fever) through bites. Repellents work on mosquitoes by directly stimulating avoidance behaviour or by blocking the mosquito's receptors for attractive odours, not though toxicity.3 Areas of low, moderate, and high risk of mosquito borne disease worldwide
Precise prediction of major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide interaction based on peptide side chain scanning.
Authors: J Hammer, E Bono, F Gallazzi, C Belunis, Z Nagy, F Sinigaglia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

We describe here a new method for predicting class II major histocompatibility complex-binding peptides, based on the preferences observed in a systematic series of peptide binding experiments where each position in a "minimal" peptide was replaced individually by every amino acid. The DRB1*0401 peptide binding preferences were determined and incorporated into a computer program that looks through sequences for potential epitopes and assigns each a score. These scores correlate well with previously determined T cell epitopes of foreign antigens and endogenous peptides from self proteins. Our findings hold implications for the design of subunit vaccines and in the identification of autoantigenic peptide regions within self proteins.
THYROID FUNCTION TESTS POST RADIOIODINE THERAPY OF GRAVESʼ DISEASE
Authors: R. A. Wyatt, A. Ramos-Gabatin, F. Weiland
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Translating Intergenerational Research on Depression Into Clinical Practice
Authors: Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of histamine release in hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction.
Authors: S P O'Hickey, N G Belcher, P J Rees, T H Lee
Journal: Thorax (1989)

In a study designed to determine the protective effect of the specific histamine H1 antagonist terfenadine on hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction, 10 asthmatic subjects underwent hypertonic saline challenge (3.6%) after premedication with placebo or terfenadine (120 mg) 12 and two hours before the challenge. Hypertonic saline was administered in a dose dependent manner and the response determined as the dose of hypertonic saline that induced a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20 FEV1). FEV1 was on average 11% greater with terfenadine than with placebo given before the challenge with hypertonic saline. PD20 FEV1 was attenuated by a mean of 2.5 fold after terfenadine (geometric mean PD20 FEV1 was 22 litres after placebo and 56 l after terfenadine). There was substantial intersubject variation in the inhibitory effect of terfenadine on hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction: the ratio of the PD20 hypertonic saline after terfenadine to that after placebo ranged from 0.9 to 10.0. Terfenadine inhibited histamine induced bronchoconstriction in the eight subjects in whom it was tested, by 13 to 160 fold compared with placebo in four subjects and by greater than 2 to greater than 9 fold in the four who showed no response to the highest dose of histamine given (16 mg/ml). These results suggest that histamine release has a role in hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction in some individuals; other mediators or mechanisms may have a more prominent role in others.
Severe Hypertension
Authors: Pradeep K. Mehta
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Seventeen patients who were partially or totally refractory to maximal doses of conventional antihypertensive agents were treated with minoxidil. Three patients were receiving long-term maintenance dialysis. Propranolol and diuretics were given to prevent reflex tachycardia and fluid retention. Initial control of blood pressure was excellent in 16 patient. In one patient, diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged (120 mm Hg) despite 60 mg of minoxidil and volume depletion. In three other patients, secondary resistance developed, and the addition of guanethidine was necessary. The main side-effects were fluid retention (in eight) and hypertrichosis (in ten), accompanied in some by a peculiar coarsening of the facial features. Renal function stabilized or improved in most, and urine output increased in the three hemodialysis patients. We conclude that minoxidil is a valuable drug in severe hypertension.
Alterations in lung volume and pulmonary function in relation to hemodynamic changes in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: B A Gray, R W Hyde, M Hodges, P N Yu
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To characterize the changes in lung volumes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and the relationship of these changes to other alterations in lung function which correlate with the severity of pulmonary vascular congestion, we made measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, lung volume, closing volume, frequency dependence of total pulmonary resistance to forced oscillation, and arterial PO2 in 18 subjects with AMI. The most consistent finding was reduced lung volume which correlated with the severity of pulmonary diastolic hypertension. Frequency dependence of resistance showed a small but significant correlation with pulmonary hemodynamics. Closing volume measurements by the resident gas method in nine subjects was not related to hemodynamics. Follow-up studies at the time of hospital discharge revealed a significant return toward normal for arterial PO2, all lung volumes, and total pulmonary resistance at 9 Hz. Based on measurements in healthy subjects, the reduced lung volume after AMI may explain the changes in resistance. In acute and follow-up studies the degree of lung volume reduction and the severity of hypoxemia were strongly correlated.
Clinical Relevance of Invasion Factors Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 for Individualized Therapy Decisions in Primary Breast Cancer Is Greatest When Used in Combination
Authors: Nadia Harbeck, Ronald E. Kates, Manfred Schmitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: A strong prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) as individual factors is well established in breast cancer. The improvement in clinical risk assessment gained by combining these factors is evaluated here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: uPA and PAI-1 levels were prospectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in tumor tissue extracts of 761 patients with primary breast cancer. RESULTS: In the clinically important subgroup of node-negative patients without adjuvant systemic therapy (n = 269; median follow-up, 60 months), the clinical value of testing both uPA and PAI-1 is demonstrated. The criterion either or both high identifies with high sensitivity the patients at high relapse risk while keeping more than half in the low-risk group. uPA/PAI-1 is the strongest predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival; patients with high uPA/PAI-1 have an increased relapse risk (P &lt; .001; relative risk, 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5 to 9.1), in particular for early relapse. Even within risk groups stratified by established criteria (nodal or menopausal status, tumor size, grade, or steroid hormone receptors), uPA/PAI-1 provides significant risk group discrimination. In the whole collective, the significant interaction between uPA/PAI-1 and adjuvant systemic therapy suggests a benefit from adjuvant therapy in high-risk patients as defined by uPA/PAI-1. CONCLUSION: The clinical relevance of the two tumor-invasion factors uPA and PAI-1 is greatest when they are used in combination. The particular combination of uPA and PAI-1 (both low v either or both high) is superior to either factor alone and supports risk-adapted individualized therapy decisions.
Congenital Rubella Infection of a Human Embryo
Authors: H. E. M. Kay, M. E Peppercorn, J. S. Porterfield, K. McCarthy, C. H. Taylor-Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The objective of this study was to determine whether, after accounting for illness and demographic variables, spiritual involvement and beliefs and positive and negative spiritual coping could account for any of the variation in anxiety and depression among women within 1 year9s diagnosis of gynecological cancer (GC). One hundred patients from outpatient GC clinics at two Melbourne-based hospitals completed a brief structured interview and self-report measures of anxiety, depression, spirituality, and spiritual coping. Using two sequential regression analyses, we found that younger women with more advanced disease, who used more negative spiritual coping, had a greater tendency towards depression and that the use of negative spiritual coping was associated with greater anxiety scores. Although not statistically significant, patients with lower levels of generalized spirituality also tended to be more depressed. The site of disease and phase of treatment were not predictive of either anxiety or depression. We conclude that spirituality and spiritual coping are important to women with GC and that health professionals in the area should consider these issues.
Incidence and Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma Involving the Head and Neck
Authors: Carol R. Bradford, Paul A. Levine
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Alexander Golger, MD; Diana S. Young, BSc; Danny Ghazarian, PhD; Peter C. Neligan, MBObjectives: To describe the epidemiological features of cutaneous head and neck melanoma (CHNM) and to identify factors associated with mortality from this disease.Design: A population-based cohort study.Setting: Patients treated for CHNM in Ontario between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2002, were identified through the provincial Cancer Registry. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the data.Patients: A total of 2218 patients with CHNM were identified, composing 15.8% of all melanomas in Ontario. The mean age of the cohort was 66 years (SD, 16 years); 1363 patients (61.5%) were males.Main Outcome Measure: Patients' vital status (dead or alive).Results: The incidence of CHNM increased from 2.0 per 100 000 in 1996 to 2.7 per 100 000 in 2001, while mortality remained stable. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that increased age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.06) and male sex (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.66) had a significantly higher risk of death. Patients with lesions of the scalp and neck had a 53% higher risk of death than those with lesions of the face. Nodular melanoma (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.17-2.24) had the worst prognosis compared with other morphological types. Increased tumor thickness (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07), ulceration (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.08-2.07), and Clark level V (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.22) were significantly associated with increased mortality.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated an increase in the incidence of CHNM. Advanced age, male sex, nodular morphological features, tumor thickness, ulceration, and Clark level V carried a significant risk of death, whereas facial melanomas had a favorable prognosis.
Treatment Approaches in Primary Sjögren Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Manuel Ramos-Casals, Athanasios G. Tzioufas, John H. Stone
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Supreme Court bars federal lawsuits against HMOs
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Supreme Court in the United States, in a unanimous decision, ruled that patients could not sue their health maintenance organisation (HMO) in federal court for giving doctors financial incentives to cut medical costs.

Justice David Souter wrote for the court, “No HMO organisation could survive without some incentive connecting physician reward with treatment rationing.”

The case at issue was that of Cynthia Herdrich, a former legal secretary from Bloomington, Illinois. She was covered by the Carle Clinic Association, a health maintenance organisation, through her husband's employer, State Farm Insurance.

In March 1991 she …
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR MEDICAL PROGRESS
Authors: William Allen Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I write to ask members of the American Medical Association to give their support to the American Association for Medical Progress. This organization is a real ally in fighting the battles for scientific medicine. The encouraging thing about the movement is that it was founded and is directed by laymen for the protection of medical research. Heretofore we have had to fight this battle alone. The honorary president is Charles W. Eliot, emeritus president of Harvard; the honorary vice presidents are Ex-Secretary Hughes, Bishop Alexander Mann, Cardinal O'Connell, President Ellen F. Pendelton of Wellesley, Ernest Thompson Seton and Owen Wister. The active officers are also nonmedical men of similar high order. Such an organization can be much more effective than medical men can be in fighting the propaganda against medical research. This is a movement for which we should be grateful and to which we should give
P17.40 * GLIOMA ASSOCIATED MICROGLIAL MMP9 EXPRESSION IS UP REGULATED BY TLR2 SIGNALLING AND SENSITIVE TO MINOCYCLINE
Authors: F. Hu, M. Ku, D. Markovic, O. D. a. Dzaye, S. Lehnardt, S. A. Wolf, H. Kettenmann, M. Synowitz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The invasiveness of malignant gliomas is one of the major obstacles in glioma therapy and the reason for the poor survival of patients. Glioma cells infiltrate into the brain parenchyma and thereby escape surgical resection. Glioma—associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) support glioma infiltration into the brain parenchyma by increased expression and activation of extracellular matrix degrading proteases such as maxtrix—metalloprotease (MMP)—2, MMP—9 and MT1—MMP. METHODS: Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques, we identified TLR2 as the main TLR controlling microglial MMP9 expression and promoting microglia assisted glioma expansion. RESULTS: In this work we demonstrate that MMP—9 is predominantly expressed by GAMs in mouse and human glioma tissue but not by the glioma cells. Supernatant from glioma cells induced the expression of MMP—9 in cultured microglial cells. Using mice deficient for different toll—like receptors (TLRs) we identified TLR2/6 as the signalling pathway for the glioma induced upregulation of microglial MMP—9. Also in an experimental mouse glioma model, TLR2 deficiency attenuated the upregulation of microglial MMP—9. Moreover, glioma supernatant triggered an upregulation of TLR2 expression in microglia. Both, the upregulation of MMP—9 and TLR2 were attenuated by the antibiotic minocycline and a p38 MAPK antagonist in vitro. Minocycline also extended the survival rate of glioma bearing mice when given to the drinking water. CONCLUSIONS: Thus glioma cells change the phenotype of GAMs in a complex fashion using TLR2 as an important signalling pathway and minocycline further proved to be a potential candidate for adjuvant glioma therapy.
Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: William G. Stevenson, Christine M. Albert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with a lifetime risk exceeding 20% by 80 years of age.1 Despite associations of atrial fibrillation with heart failure, stroke, and increased mortality, antiarrhythmic drug therapy with the goal of maintaining sinus rhythm has not improved outcomes in randomized trials.2,3 Recently, attention has shifted toward catheter ablation. This therapy was superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy for maintaining sinus rhythm in small, randomized trials of selected patients in whom treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug had failed.4 Although a benefit with respect to survival and morbidity has yet to be confirmed, ablation is . . .
Atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum is associated with HLA B7 and reduced interferon-γ-producing CD8+ T cells
Authors: R.A. Mathias, A. Weinberg, M. Boguniewicz, D.J. Zaccaro, B. Armstrong, L.C. Schneider, T.R. Hata, J.M. Hanifin, L.A. Beck, K.C. Barnes, D.Y.M. Leung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The increased susceptibility of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) to disseminated viral skin infections such as eczema herpeticum (ADEH+) is poorly understood. The primary goal of the current study was to determine whether ADEH+ subjects have identifiable defects in cell‐mediated immunity that reduce their ability to control viral infections. In this study, we evaluated cytokine expression by various subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ADEH+ (n =24) compared with AD without a history of viral infections (ADEH–) (n =20) before and after treatment with herpes simplex virus (HSV). We found that interferon (IFN)‐γ expression after HSV treatment was lower in the CD8+ T cells and monocytes from patients with ADEH+ compared with patients who are ADEH– or nonatopic. Given the induction of CD8+ T cells as the result of antigen presentation by human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I, consistent with the findings described above we also found that the HLA B7 allele was significantly associated with risk of the ADEH+ phenotype (odds ratio = 1·91, P =0·02, 125 ADEH+ and 161 ADEH– subjects). These data suggest that defects in viral‐induced IFN‐γ from CD8+ T cells contribute to the ADEH+ phenotype.
The Inotropic Peptide βARKct Improves βAR Responsiveness in Normal and Failing Cardiomyocytes Through G <sub>βγ</sub> -Mediated L-Type Calcium Current Disinhibition
Authors: Mirko Völkers, Christian Weidenhammer, Nicole Herzog, Gang Qiu, Kristin Spaich, Frederic von Wegner, Karsten Peppel, Oliver J. Müller, Stefanie Schinkel, Joseph E. Rabinowitz, Hans-Jörg Hippe, Henriette Brinks, Hugo A. Katus, Walter J. Koch, Andrea D. Eckhart, Oliver Friedrich, Patrick Most
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

The G(βγ)-sequestering peptide β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK)ct derived from the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 carboxyl terminus has emerged as a promising target for gene-based heart failure therapy. Enhanced downstream cAMP signaling has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for increased β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) responsiveness. However, molecular targets mediating improved cardiac contractile performance by βARKct and its impact on G(βγ)-mediated signaling have yet to be fully elucidated.