tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
POSITIVE METHYL ALCOHOL REACTIONS IN THE TISSUES OF A YOUNG PERSON DYING IN DIABETIC COMA
Authors: HENRY SIEGEL
Journal: JAMA (1949)

This report describes the presence of a substance giving the color reactions of methyl alcohol in the tissues of a young girl dying of diabetes mellitus complicated by acidosis and coma. As far as the authors are aware, such a finding has not previously been reported. The circumstances surrounding the death did not permit an orderly elicitation of the facts. This explains the gaps in the evidence needed to fulfil all the criteria for an absolute diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The facts, however, are adequate to support such a diagnosis. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white girl aged 15 was admitted to a hospital at 1: 30 a. m. in stupor. The father stated that for the past few weeks the girl had been losing weight, although she had been eating fairly well. About one week before admission to the hospital she had consulted a physician because her menses had not
BAKING POWDER AND KIDNEYS
Authors: Ramsay Spillman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In Delafield and Prudden's Pathology is a figure representing the kidney in advanced pyelonephritis. The Calumet Baking Powder Company is circularizing the medical profession with a booklet by one Marian Jane Parker, attempting to prove that the potassium tartrate present in food prepared with cream of tartar baking powder will produce Bright's disease. To enlighten the medical profession as to what Bright's disease is, the booklet presents Delafield and Prudden's cut of the kidney of pyelonephritis with the label "A very advanced stage of Bright's disease. The whole kidney becomes eaten away." The Calumet Baking Powder Company says you will be poisoned by potassium tartrate if you use Royal Baking Powder. The Royal Baking Powder says you will be poisoned by alum if you use Calumet Baking Powder. Can one be so foolhardy, in the light of this chemical knowledge, as to take anything but old-fashioned sour
5-Hydroxyeicosanoids selectively stimulate the human neutrophil 15-lipoxygenase to use endogenous substrate.
Authors: R C Nichols, J Y Vanderhoek
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

When human neutrophils, prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, were incubated with 5S,15S-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-diHETE), a dose-dependent increase in the 15-lipoxygenase product [3H]-15-HETE was observed relative to untreated cells. Typically, a fivefold increase in [3H]-15-HETE formation was obtained upon exposure of these cells to 3 muM 5,15-diHETE. There was no appreciable enhancement of the 5-lipoxygenase metabolite [3H]-5-HETE. Product identities were confirmed by comparing retention times on straight- and reversed-phase HPLC with authentic standards, and RIA. Other 5-hydroxyeicosanoids, such as 5-HETE, 5-HETE methyl ester, and leukotriene B4(5S,12R-diHETE), were equally effective in stimulating the formation of [3H]-15-HETE, but exogenously added lipoxin A4, lipoxin B4, 15-HETE, and 12-HETE were much less potent, whereas stearic acid was ineffective. The diHETEs also showed a greater selectivity in activating the 15-lipoxygenase relative to the 5-lipoxygenase. A likely source of substrate for the 15- and 5-lipoxygenases is a pool of cell-associated but noncovalently bound arachidonic acid. In [3H]arachidonic acid-prelabeled neutrophils, the amount of free [3H]arachidonic acid ranged between 50 and 700 fmol/10(7) cells, whereas unlabeled neutrophils contained 100-2,200 pmol/10(7) cells of nonesterified arachidonic acid. The exogenously added hydroxyeicosanoids induce a 0.5-3% conversion of this substrate pool to product. These findings indicate that the 15-lipoxygenase in human neutrophils is a cryptic enzyme that needs to be stimulated in order to metabolize endogenous substrate. It is possible that 5-hydroxyeicosanoids may mimic an as yet unidentified physiological activator of the 15-lipoxygenase.
Glass Sponges and Bilaterian Animals Share Derived Mitochondrial Genomic Features: A Common Ancestry or Parallel Evolution?
Authors: K. M. Haen, B. F. Lang, S. A. Pomponi, D. V. Lavrov
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Glass sponges (Hexactinellida) are a group of deep-water benthic animals that have a unique syncytial organization and possess a characteristic siliceous skeleton. Although hexactinellids are traditionally grouped with calcareous and demosponges in the phylum Porifera, the monophyly of sponges and the phylogenetic position of the Hexactinellida remain contentious. We determined and analyzed the nearly complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the hexactinellid sponges Iphiteon panicea and Sympagella nux. Unexpectedly, our analysis revealed several mitochondrial genomic features shared between glass sponges and bilaterian animals, including an Arg → Ser change in the genetic code, a characteristic secondary structure of one of the serine tRNAs, highly derived tRNA and rRNA genes, and the presence of a single large noncoding region. At the same time, glass sponge mtDNA contains atp9, a gene previously found only in the mtDNA of demosponges (among animals), and encodes a tRNAUGGPro with an atypical A11–U24 pair that is also found in demosponges and placozoans. Most of our sequence-based phylogenetic analyses place Hexactinellida as the sister group to the Bilateria; however, these results are suspect given accelerated rates of mitochondrial sequence evolution in these groups. Thus, it remains an open question whether shared mitochondrial genomic features in glass sponges and bilaterian animals reflect their close phylogenetic affinity or provide a remarkable example of parallel evolution.
Dietary Fiber and Glucose Tolerance in Japanese Brazilians
Authors: Daniela Saes Sartorelli, Renata Damião Freire, Sandra Roberta Gouveia Ferreira, Marly Augusto Cardoso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Although the evidence for a protective effect of high total dietary fiber intakes on diabetes appears to be strong (1), the role of food sources of dietary fiber in the etiology of impaired glucose disturbances is poorly understood (2). Epidemiological studies suggest that high intakes of whole grain foods (3,4) and vegetables (5–7) may prevent diabetes. On the other hand, the impact of consumption of fruits and fruit juices (5,6,8), legumes (5,9), and refined grains (3,10) has been investigated in a few controversial investigations.

Here, we evaluated the relationship between fiber-related dietary factors and the risk of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) among Japanese Brazilians.

In 2000, Japanese Brazilians >30 years of age living in Bauru, Sao Paulo State, Brazil ( n = 1,751), were invited to participate. Cross-sectional data from 1,283 first- and second-generation subjects were available (73.3%) (11). For the present analysis, subjects with self-reported impaired glucose disturbances (IFG, IGT, or diabetes; n = 220) and newly diagnosed diabetes ( n = 276) whose treatment could interfere in food habits were excluded.

Smoking status, drinking habits, and physical activity were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured using standardized approaches (11). Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥0.90 m for men and ≥0.80 m for women (12). The last two of three measures of blood pressures using an …
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a specific subgroup of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Patricia G. Hoogeveen, Dick de Ridder, Magdalena Schindler-van der Struijk, Menno C. van Zelm, Mathijs Sanders, Dennis Karsch, H. Berna Beverloo, King Lam, Alberto Orfao, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Sebastian Böttcher, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Anton W. Langerak, Mies Kappers-Klunne, Kirsten van Lom
Journal: Blood (2014)
Staph. aureus haemolyticus Septicaemia successfully Treated with Thiazamide
Authors: P. W. Mathew, A. G. Shera
Journal: BMJ (1942)

OURNALpresents many unusual feaAtures.The patient showed symptoms suggestive of a melancholic, a schizophrenic, and an organic state, but his condition was typical of none of these..After the prodromal period the onset was hyper-
Vasodilators in meniere's syndrome.
Authors: N M Piercy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

hearing, dentition, and painful feet were common.By seeing one patient per week per worker we will be able to cover the elderly patients of this group practice systematically in about three years.High risk patients can be identi- fied, and the work load is not greatly in- creased.The interviews take about 20-30 minutes, and greeting and leaving patients may take more time than the actual screen- ing.Sometimes there is a request for further regular calls which are not medically necessary, and these may be hard to refuse.As the scheme stands, it can be applied immediately, and because of the comparatively small resources that are needed we are prepared to proceed without a planned evaluation of the benefits that acrue.-Weare, etc.,
towards an intuitionist account of moral development
Authors: karen bartsch, jennifer cole wright
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

sunstein's characterization of moral blunders jointly indicts an intuitive process and the structure of heuristics. but intuitions need not lead to error, and the problems with moral heuristics apply also to moral principles. accordingly, moral development may well involve more, rather than less, intuitive responsiveness. this suggests a novel trajectory for future research into the development of appropriate moral judgments.
Observation and basis of improved blood flow to the distal latissimus dorsi muscle: a case for electrical stimulation prior to grafting
Authors: Augustine T.M Tang, Jonathan C Jarvis, Timothy L Hooper, Stanley Salmons
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Dynamic cardiomyoplasty, using a functional graft of the latissimus dorsi muscle, has shown promise as a treatment for selected patients with advanced heart failure. The success of this approach depends on maintaining the viability of the muscle, whose distal portion is susceptible to ischaemic damage. We investigated the effects of surgical mobilization on regional muscle blood flow and the influence of electrical stimulation of the muscle. Methods: Ten sheep were randomly assigned to two equal groups. In one group, the latissimus dorsi muscle was stimulated continuously in situ at 2 Hz for two weeks; in the other group, the muscle was not stimulated. Regional blood flows in the muscles were determined by a fluorescent microsphere technique. Serial measurements were made (a) under baseline conditions before intervention, (b) with the thoracodorsal artery occluded and (c) after interruption of the perforating collateral arteries. Results: Surgical mobilization of the unstimulated latissimus dorsi muscles had little effect on blood flow in the proximal region, which remained at 93.1±16.9% of baseline (mean±SEM). The distal region was rendered significantly more ischaemic (55.8±13.5% of baseline, p<0.002 compared to the proximal region). Electrical prestimulation abolished any significant proximodistal gradient in blood flow and improved distal muscle perfusion following mobilization (proximal vs. distal: 75.0±8.8 vs. 63.0±10.9%; p>0.4). Conclusions: Distal muscle ischaemia occurred when the entire latissimus dorsi muscle was acutely elevated on the thoracodorsal pedicle alone. Electrical prestimulation of the muscle in situ improved the thoracodorsal perfusion of the distal muscle by abolishing the proximal-to-distal gradient in flow, with a substantial benefit to distal flow after mobilization. Although electrical stimulation is known to induce vascular proliferation, we argue that this effect of stimulation is brought about mainly by enhancement of the flow through anastomotic connections between proximal and distal arterial territories.
Effect of Volunteering on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents
Authors: Hannah M. C. Schreier, Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl, Edith Chen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

The idea that individuals who help others incur health benefits themselves suggests a novel approach to improving health while simultaneously promoting greater civic orientation in our society. The present study is the first experimental trial, to our knowledge, of whether regular volunteering can reduce cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.To test a novel intervention that assigned adolescents to volunteer with elementary school-aged children as a means of improving adolescents' cardiovascular risk profiles.Randomized controlled trial, with measurements taken at baseline and 4 months later (postintervention).Urban public high school in western Canada.One hundred six 10th-grade high school students who were fluent in English and free of chronic illnesses.Weekly volunteering with elementary school-aged children for 2 months vs wait-list control group.Cardiovascular risk markers of C-reactive protein level, interleukin 6 level, total cholesterol level, and body mass index.No statistically significant group differences were found at baseline. Postintervention, adolescents in the intervention group showed significantly lower interleukin 6 levels (log10 mean difference, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.251), cholesterol levels (log10 mean difference, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.059), and body mass index (mean difference, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.71) compared with adolescents in the control group. Effects for C-reactive protein level were marginal (log10 mean difference, 0.13; 95% CI, -0.011 to 0.275). Preliminary analyses within the intervention group suggest that those who increased the most in empathy and altruistic behaviors, and who decreased the most in negative mood, also showed the greatest decreases in cardiovascular risk over time.Adolescents who volunteer to help others also benefit themselves, suggesting a novel way to improve health. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01698034.
Promises of transparency? Hold the applause
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Calling for greater transparency in healthcare is easy enough. The BMJ does it a lot, though I hope we also show willing in opening the journal to scrutiny. We’re certainly happy to applaud those who promise to be more transparent. But we won’t applaud their promises for long. The real plaudits are reserved for those who act on their words.

One such group is the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland. Since 2005, it has published mortality rates for cardiothoracic surgery from all NHS hospitals and for about 80% of individual surgeons. Now those who have led the way are sharing their experience with those who must follow. Ten …
On the Use of the Trephine in Depressed Fractures of the Skull
Authors: R. S. Hudson
Journal: BMJ (1877)

The ergot was increased to thirty minims.The bowels were relieved by enemata.December i ith.Voluntarily, he stated that he was continuing to im- prove, both in power of moving the legs and in feeling.The bowels were acting naturally.The urine was voided without difficulty, and was slightly acid.He was allowed to be placed in an arm-chair at the side of the fire.January 12th, I876.During the last two weeks, he had been sta- tionary; had very little complaint of pain, but still the feeling of abdominal tightness.No gain in muscularity.He was ordered to take five grains of the iodide of potassium, ten grains of the bromide of potassium, and one ounce of the decoction of cinchona, three times each day; and in addition to the ordinary full diet, he was allowed four ounces of port-wine daily.Peripheral galvanisation, by means of the interrupted current, was to be employed every alternate day.January 29th.There was evidence of slight improvement ; he was better able to bear the weight of his body when assisted from the bed to the chair.The iodide was increased to seven grains and the bromide to fifteen grains, and the galvanism was to be repeated every day.February i6th.The iodide was increased to ten grains and the bromide to twenty grains.February 26th.As very little improvement had been effected, and as his strength and nutrition appeared to be diminished, he was ordered a grain of sulphate of quinine, ten minims of the tincture of the perchloride of iron, and ten minims of the tincture of nux vomica, in water, three times each day.March 4th.He appeared to be gaining strength March i i th.After a sudden change in the weather, from mild to extreme cold, he complained of catarrh, which developed into bronchitis, for which he was given stimulant expectorants.March i6th.He was coughing up large quantities of tenacious mucus; and upon auscultation of the chest, loud sonorous and sibilant rhonchi were heard, especially over the sternum and sides of the chest, so loud that the sounds of the heart could not be distinguished.March igth.He became gradually weaker, and died at 2 P.M.
Damage control resuscitation using blood component therapy in standard doses has a limited effect on coagulopathy during trauma hemorrhage
Authors: Sirat Khan, Ross Davenport, Imran Raza, Simon Glasgow, Henry D. De’Ath, Pär I. Johansson, Nicola Curry, Simon Stanworth, Christine Gaarder, Karim Brohi
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Allopurinol in treatment of gout.
Authors: J. T. Scott, A. P. Hall, R. Grahame
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo (3,4-d) pyrimidine), a struc- tural isomer of the purine base hypoxanthine, is a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase.It was first used in the treatment of leukaemia to suppress the oxidation of 6- mercaptopurine to the therapeutically inert metabolite 6-thiouric acid.It also inhibits the oxidation of the oxypurines hypo- xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, and the observation that it thereby lowered the concentration of uric acid in serum and urine led to its use in gout (Rundles, Wyngaarden, Hitchings, Elion, and Silberman, 1963).Since our preliminary observations (Hall, Holloway, and Scott, 1964) confirming the effectiveness of the drug in lowering the level of serum uric acid, we have accumulated further experi- ence.This may be considered in two parts-namely, (a) a therapeutic trial comparing the long-term effects of allopurinol with those of conventional uricosuric treatment in patients with uncomplicated gout, and (b) the effect of allopurinol given to patients in whom, for one reason or another, the drug was thought to be specially indicated. Trial A. Comparative Trial of Allopurinol Against Uricosuric TreatmentFor this study outpatients were taken whose gout was, so far as could be determined, primary and uncomplicated except in some cases with minor degrees of renal functional impairment.All were men.Most of them were new clinic referrals and had not been given any consistent form of uricosuric therapy: none had received such treatment within six months before entering the trial.Patients were allocated to treatment with either allopurinol or uricosuric drugs by reference to the last digit of their hospital number; those with an even digit received allopurinol and those with an odd digit uricosuric therapy.By this method of allocation 21 patients started allopurinol treatment and 19 uricosuric treatment.One patient taking allopurinol defaulted from follow-up.One patient taking uricosuric therapy defaulted from follow-up, and one left the district, so that adequate follow-up was impossible.The results therefore apply to 20 patients taking allopurinol (group I) and 17 taking uricosuric therapy (group II).Characteristics of patients studied are shown in Table I, from which it will be seen that subjects in the two treatment groups were reasonably comparable in all respects. Drugs and DosageAllopurinol was given in an initial dose of 300 mg.daily, but this was increased where necessary.At the time of writing 12 of the patients were still taking 300 mg.daily, in six the
Refsum disease is caused by mutations in the phytanoyl–CoA hydroxylase gene
Authors: Gerbert A. Jansen, Rob Oftnan, Sacha Ferdinandusse, Lodewijk Ijlst, Anton O. Muijsers, Ola H. Skjeldal, Oddvar Stokke, Cornells Jakobs, Guy T.N. Besley, J. Ed Wraith, Ronald J.A. Wanders
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Electropharmacology of sotalol in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: L B Mitchell, D G Wyse, H J Duff
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The beta-adrenoceptor-blocking and class III effects of sotalol were assessed in 11 patients with inducible orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia. Serum sotalol concentration, maximum exercise heart rate, and electrophysiologic study data were obtained at control, at the beta-adrenoceptor-blocking dosage (407 +/- 149 mg/day, 1.4 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml), and at the maximum well-tolerated dosage (924 +/- 337 mg/day, 3.2 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml). Class III effects (increases in anterograde and retrograde accessory connection effective refractory periods, ventricular effective refractory period, and the QT interval during fixed-rate atrial pacing) were evident at the beta-adrenoceptor-blocking dosage of sotalol and became more marked at the maximum well-tolerated dosage. For example, the mean anterograde accessory connection effective refractory period was significantly increased over control (272 +/- 41 msec) by the beta-adrenoceptor blocker (324 +/- 52 msec) and was further significantly increased by the maximum well-tolerated dose (364 +/- 37 msec). Similarly, the minimum preexcited RR interval during atrial fibrillation was increased in all patients at each dosage tested. Antiarrhythmic efficacy, defined by the absence of inducible, sustained, orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia and a minimum preexcited RR interval during atrial fibrillation of 300 msec or greater, was achieved in four patients at the beta-adrenoceptor-blocking dosage and in another four patients at the maximum well-tolerated dosage. These eight patients received long-term sotalol therapy and none has had recurrent, sustained reciprocating tachycardia during 15 +/- 12 months of follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Ride With A Snap, Venice, California
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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