tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experience With a Digital Computer for Study and Improved Management of the Critically Ill
Authors: Max H. Weil
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Automated techniques, now bolstered by the availability of a computer, have become increasingly important in recent years as medicine seeks to fulfill the need for ever more comprehensive and technically complex services. Detailed analysis of physiological data by manual methods is inefficient, both for clinical research and for practical use at the bedside. A combination of sensors, with analysis of their output by an on-line computer, offers a means of achieving a comprehensive inventory of patient condition for immediate use by the physician and the clinical investigator. Automated measurement and collection of biological data in a clinical setting has been used in a number of areas.<sup>1,2</sup>Automated analog devices have been developed for measuring blood pressure by the use of indirect auscultatory techniques.<sup>3-6</sup>These devices are not entirely satisfactory for patients in shock, however, since the indirectly obtained blood pressure loses accuracy under conditions of markedly reduced blood
Unusual Bone Manifestations of a Common Disease
Authors: Walther T. Weylman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. Nathan T. Griscom: A 74-year-old woman was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital on Dec. 6, 1960, because of pain in the left foot and ankle. Two months before admission she began to have pain in the left heel, which spread to the entire foot, completely restricting ambulation. She also began to notice some generalized weakness and loss of appetite. X-ray films obtained elsewhere approximately a month before admission supposedly showed only a bony spur on the calcaneus. She twisted her left ankle on the day of admission. Her history revealed an abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum 2 years earlier. This proved to be a Grade 3 adenocarcinoma with 1 of 11 nodes positive. She had had viral pneumonia 2 or 3 months before this present episode. Thirty years previously she had had a needle fragment in her foot which was removed after lodging there for some
Developed countries could pay for hepatitis B vaccination in developing countries
Authors: N J Gay, W J Edmunds
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The debate about the most cost effective policy for vaccination against hepatitis B in the United Kingdom has centred on the relative merits of selective and universal vaccination. 1 2 A more imaginative approach is worth consideration.

The current incidence of acute hepatitis B in the United Kingdom suggests that the lifetime risk of acquiring infection is 0.4% (excepting perinatal transmission, which is controllable by well implemented antenatal screening) (Public Health Laboratory Service, unpublished paper). If 6% of infected people are assumed to develop chronic carriage, …
Review of Schizophrenics in a Rural Practice over 26 Years
Authors: C. A. H. Watts
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Over 26 years some 73 patients with schizophrenia were observed. Three types were considered, true schizophrenia, schizophrenia simplex, and schizoaffective disorders. Of those traced and alive in 1971, some 18% of the group had recovered, 46% had made a social recovery, 25% were unemployed in the community, and 11% were long-stay hospital patients.
Chance of bird flu mutating into virus transmissible between humans is “very low”
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Astronauts exhibit an assortment of clinical abnormalities in their eyes during long-duration spaceflight. The purpose of this study was to determine whether spaceflight induces epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming in the retina or alters the epigenetic clock. The mice were flown for 37 days in animal enclosure modules on the International Space Station; ground-based control animals were maintained under similar housing conditions. Mouse retinas were isolated and both DNA methylome and transcriptome were determined by deep sequencing. We found that a large number of genes were differentially methylated with spaceflight, whereas there were fewer differentially expressed genes at the transcriptome level. Several biological pathways involved in retinal diseases such as macular degeneration were significantly altered. Our results indicated that spaceflight decelerated the retinal epigenetic clock. This study demonstrates that spaceflight impacts the retina at the epigenomic and transcriptomic levels, and such changes could be involved in the etiology of eye-related disorders among astronauts.
PREPARATION OF DRIED HEMOGLOBIN WITHOUT LOSS OF ACTIVITY
Authors: Lee E. Farr, Alma Hiller, Donald D. Van Slyke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

The technique for freezing, drying, and preserving in vacuo which is in common use for plasma can be successfully applied to hemoglobin solutions when the hemoglobin is first deoxygenated to the extent of 99.7 per cent or more. In confirmation of Morrison and Hisey, the preliminary deoxygenation of the solution is found necessary to avoid formation of methemoglobin during drying. If a solution of oxyhemoglobin is frozen and dried, 20 to 30 per cent is changed to methemoglobin. Deoxygnated hemoglobin dried and preserved in vacuo retained all its oxygenbinding activity for 180 days, when stored at temperatures from 4 degrees to 30 degrees C. Storage at 38 degrees C. for 92 days, or at 56 degrees for 7 days, caused no loss in activity. The dried hemoglobin had a foam structure which caused it to dissolve immediately upon contact with water. Deoxygnated hemoglobin in the dry state was partly converted to methemoglobin by even momentary contact with oxygen. When, however, the deoxygnated hemoglobin was dissolved before it was exposed to air, the hemoglobin in solution was relatively stable, and could be stored for months at 4 degrees in contact with air without significant loss of activity.
Impaired Performance in Commercial Drivers
Authors: Allan I. Pack, Greg Maislin, Bethany Staley, Frances M. Pack, William C. Rogers, Charles F. P. George, David F. Dinges
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Sleepiness plays an important role in major crashes of commercial vehicles. Because determinants are likely to include inadequate sleep and sleep apnea, we evaluated the role of short sleep durations over 1 wk at home and sleep apnea in subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), objective sleepiness (reduced sleep latency as determined by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test), and neurobehavioral functioning (lapses in performance, tracking error in Divided Attention Driving Task) in commercial drivers. Studies were conducted in 247 of 551 drivers at higher risk for apnea and in 159 of 778 drivers at lower risk. A multivariate linear association between the sets of outcomes and risk factors was confirmed (p < 0.0001). Increases in subjective sleepiness were associated with shorter sleep durations but not with increases in severity of apnea. Increases in objective sleepiness and performance lapses, as well as poorer lane tracking, were associated with shorter sleep durations. Associations with sleep apnea severity were not as robust and not strictly monotonic. A significant linear association with sleep apnea was demonstrated only for reduced sleep latency. The effects of severe apnea (apnea-hypopnea index, at least 30 episodes/h), which occurred in 4.7%, and of sleep duration less than 5 h/night, which occurred in 13.5%, were similar in terms of their impact on objective sleepiness. Thus, addressing impairment in commercial drivers requires addressing both insufficient sleep and sleep apnea, the former being more common.
The Thioredoxin System Mediates Redox-Induced Cell Death in Human Colon Cancer Cells: Implications for the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Agents
Authors: Yu Sun, Basil Rigas
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Anticancer agents act, at least in part, by inducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). We examined the redox effect on SW480 and HT-29 colon cancer cells of four anticancer compounds, arsenic trioxide, phosphoaspirin, phosphosulindac, and nitric oxide–donating aspirin (NO-ASA). All compounds inhibited the growth of both cell lines (IC50, 10–90 μmol/L) and induced RONS detected by a general RONS molecular probe. NO-ASA, which induced at least four individual RONS (NO, H2O2, superoxide anion, and peroxynitirte), induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death that was RONS-mediated (cell death paralleled RONS levels and was abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine but not by diphenylene iodonium, which displayed prooxidant activity and enhanced cell death). Nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases were modulated by RONS. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), an oxidoreductase involved in redox regulation, was heavily oxidized in response to RONS and mediated the growth inhibitory effect of the anticancer agents; knocking-down trx-1 expression by small interfering RNA abrogated cell death induced by them. These compounds also inhibited the activity of Trx reductase that reduces oxidized Trx-1, whereas the Trx reductase inhibitor aurothiomalate synergized with NO-ASA in the induction of cell death. Our findings indicate that the Trx system mediates to a large extent redox-induced cell death in response to anticancer agents. This mechanism of action may be shared by more anticancer agents and deserves further assessment as a candidate mechanism for the pharmacologic control of cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8269–77]
Aspergillosis and Other Systemic Mycoses
Authors: David W. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To measure the incidence in the United States of systemic mycoses necessitating hospitalization, we reviewed discharge records of 1,875 hospitals participating in the Professional Activity Study of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. Projected incidence rates in 1976 ranged from 23.0 per million for histoplasmosis to 0.2 per million for blastomycosis. High prevalences of leukemia or lymphoma (5.9% to 10.2%) or of other malignancies (9.9% to 13.2%) were recorded in patients with aspergillosis, candidiasis, or cryptococcosis. High prevalences of chronic obstructive lung disease (9.6% to 9.9%) were recorded in those with aspergillosis or histoplasmosis. Marked increases from 1970 to 1976 were found in the incidence of aspergillosis (158%), actinomycosis (92%), cryptococcosis (78%), and coccidioidomycosis (74%). Increasing numbers of persons with immunosuppressive conditions, migration of susceptible persons into hyperendemic areas, and aging of the population contributed to the increases. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1631-1635, 1979)
Vegetarians and vegans may be most at risk from low selenium intakes
Authors: P. A Judd, A Long, M Butcher, C. P Caygill, A T Diplock
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nicotine replacement therapy should be prescribable on NHSEditor-I welcome the publication of the open letter to the prime minister about tobacco-the most important preventable cause of death in Europe. 1 As Jo E Asvall points out in the letter, tobacco control demands the support of, and action by, the total government, not just the Department of Health.Among the actions Asvall calls for is that "support for smoking cessation is made widely available, particularly through primary health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists."Nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine gum, patches, nasal spray, and oral inhaler) is now fully established as an effective adjunct to such professional advice and support.Systematic review of many trials has shown a doubling of sustained smoking cessation when nicotine replacement therapy is compared with placebo. 2 The offer of nicotine patches to motivated subjects for a week in the first instance could be a useful policy. 3 But the recommendation of such therapy by health professionals and the use of such therapy by smokers are severely limited by NHS "blacklisting."I can prescribe on the NHS for alcohol problems and even obesity.I can also prescribe for tobacco addiction-but only products of unproved efficacy for this problem, such as tranquillisers and antidepressants, not one of proved effectiveness.Why not nicotine replacement therapy?So much for evidence based medicine.
Regulator finds advertising of complementary product “misleading”
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Australian regulator of the drug industry has found that the company Schwabe Pharma (Australia) breached standards for media advertisements when it promoted the complementary medicine Tebonin. 

Tebonin, which is an extract of ginkgo biloba, is manufactured by the German company Dr Willmar Schwabe, which claims that eight million Tebonin pills are consumed globally each day. 

In July, the company's Australian subsidiary managed to suppress publication of a report by AusPharm Consumers Health Watch, a …
Hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase primes innate immune signaling
Authors: Gisa Gerold, Thomas Pietschmann
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Innate immunity controls pathogen replication and spread. Yet, certain pathogens, such as Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), escape immune elimination and establish persistent infections that promote chronic inflammation and related diseases. Whereas HCV regulatory proteins that attenuate antiviral responses are known, those that promote inflammation and liver injury remain to be identified. Here, we show that transient expression of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), NS5B, in mouse liver and human hepatocytes results in production of small RNA species that activate innate immune signaling via TBK1-IRF3 and NF-κB and induce cytokine production, including type I interferons (IFN) and IL-6. NS5B-expression also results in liver damage.
An Anniversary for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Jules Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More US citizens die from meningitis as scope of inquiry widens
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Concern over the drug at the centre of a meningitis outbreak across the United States has widened to include further products as the death toll reached 19 and those infected almost 250.

The Food and Drug Administration has given state health departments a list of more than 131 000 shipping invoices for products sent all over the US from the New England Compounding Center. As …
F-18 FDG PET
Authors: John A. Vento, Melih Arici, Richard P. Spencer, Ravi Sood
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 51-year-old man had multiple bouts of fever, chills, and fatigue after an episode of colitis. F-18 FDG PET revealed an enlarged spleen with mottled activity in both the liver and spleen. Splenectomy with lymph node removal was performed. Histology was consistent with sarcoidosis. There was complete remission of fever, chills, and fatigue after splenectomy.
Why Estimates of Physician Supply and Requirements Disagree
Authors: E C Feil, H G Welch, E S Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Why is the review of physician supply by Feil et al<sup>1</sup>so overwhelmingly a supply-side analysis with scant discussion of attrition? In private discussions with my colleagues, the issue of early retirement or attenuation of one's specialty practice is a hot topic. With the frustrations of rapidly decreasing incomes and increasing practice overhead, other physicians have told me that specialty medical practice as we now know it may not be worth the trouble within the next 5 years. Among an informally polled sample of 20 peripheral vascular surgeons aged 38 to 45 years, 19 expressed a desire to truncate or leave their practice when they reach 55 years of age. Actually, doing this will obviously depend on each physician's financial resources, but those currently in their 50s who have assiduously saved pension money and who do not have excessive expenses, such as tuition for children, may
Nocturnal Angina Pectoris With Disease of a Single Coronary Artery
Authors: Willis A. Tacker
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A premenopausal woman with nocturnal angina pectoris and severe, focal, single-vessel coronary artery (left anterior descending) disease was successfully treated with coronary artery bypass surgery. A possible cause of the angina decubitus in this case was redistribution of fluid, with consequent left ventricular failure.
5 Years Experience in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP)
Authors: D. Belohlavek, H. Koch, W. Rösch, O. Schaffner, H. Maeder, J. Flory, M. Classen, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

5-year experience with ERCP is reported comprising 2507 investigations in 1981 patients. The cannulation of at least one ductal system was possible in 93%. When indicated pancreatography was successful in 82%, cholangiography in 63%. Normal anatomy was seen in 51.5% of the investigations. Pathological alterations of the pancreas were irregularities of the ductal system, strictures, pseudo-cysts and calculi. Chronic pancreatitis was diagnosed based on this criteria in 405 patients, pancreas carcinoma in 76 patients. The most common pathological findings of the bilary tree were concretions in 168 patients. ERCP proved helpful in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and became mandatory as preoperative procedure to indicate the surgeon where to resect. Disorders of the biliary duct can easily be diagnosed by ERCP, especially in case of obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic papillotomy and stone extraction offer new therapeutic aspects of this valuable method.
Circadian Variation of Cardiac K <sup>+</sup> Channel Gene Expression
Authors: Takeshi Yamashita, Akiko Sekiguchi, Yu-ki Iwasaki, Kouichi Sagara, Hiroyuki Iinuma, Seiji Hatano, Long-Tai Fu, Hiroshi Watanabe
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Many cardiac arrhythmias have their own characteristic circadian variations. Because the expression of many genes, including clock genes, is regulated variably during a day, circadian variations of ion channel gene expression, if any, could contribute to the fluctuating alterations of cardiac electrophysiological characteristics and subsequent arrhythmogenesis.To examine whether cardiac K+ channel gene expression shows a circadian rhythm, we analyzed the mRNA levels of 8 Kv and 6 Kir channels in rat hearts every 3 hours throughout 1 day. Among these channels, Kv1.5 and Kv4.2 genes showed significant circadian variations in their transcripts: approximately 2-fold increase of Kv1.5 mRNA from trough at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6 to peak at ZT18 and a completely reverse pattern in Kv4.2 mRNA ( approximately 2-fold increase from trough at ZT18 to peak at ZT6). Actually, along with the variations in the immunoreactive proteins, the density of the transient outward and steady-state currents in isolated myocytes and the responses of atrial and ventricular refractoriness to 4-aminopyridine in isolated-perfused hearts showed differences between ZT6 and ZT18, a circadian pattern comparable to that of Kv1.5 and Kv4.2 gene expression. Reversal of light stimulation almost inverted these circadian rhythms, although pharmacological autonomic blockade only partially attenuated the rhythm of Kv1.5 but not of Kv4.2 transcripts.Among all the cardiac K+ channels, Kv1.5 and 4.2 channels are unique in showing characteristic circadian patterns in their gene expression, with Kv1.5 increase during the dark period partially dependent on beta-adrenergic activities and Kv4.2 increase during the light period independent of the autonomic nervous function.
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on plasma ionized magnesium level and correlation with atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Leonard I. Ganz, Milenko J. Tanasijevic, Gregory Couper, Linda S. Aglio, James R. Gosnell, Rosemarie Maddi, George A. Fischer, Donald R. Wybenga, Elliott M. Antman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract 12022: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Surgical, Angioplasty or Medical Therapeutic for Coronary Artery Disease: 5-Year follow-Up of MASS II Trial
Authors: Ricardo D Vieira, Desiderio Favarato, Eduardo G Lima, Cibele L Garzillo, Alexandre C Pereira, Alexandre C Hueb, Paulo C Rezende, Paulo R Soares, Jose A Ramires, Whady Hueb
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: This investigation compares the economic outcome, in the 5-year follow-up, of the 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS) II trial randomized patients with multivessel CAD and normal systolic ventricular function. Patients were submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG, n=203), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n=205) and medical treatment alone (MT, n=203). The composite primary end-point was the necessity of revascularization procedures, acute myocardial infarction, and death. We analyzed the cumulative cost in the 5-year follow-up period. Resource utilization included: initial revascularization procedure after randomization, and subsequent revascularization procedures; subsequent hospitalization for cardiovascular disease; outpatient visits; and cardiovascular tests. Costs were expressed in US dollars. Cumulative costs were compared on the intention-to-treat basis. To analyze the cost-e...
TESTS IN SPLENOMEGALY
Authors: George F. Fasting
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 15, page 812, appear some suggested tests for splenomegaly, based on the dilution of patient's serum with an excess of distilled water. I doubt the specificity of the reaction and would refer the author to Felton's work on concentrating antipneumococcus serum, and also my publication on antistreptococcus serum in the<i>Journal of Infectious Diseases</i><b>45</b>:360 (Nov.) 1929. The precipitation is probably due to changes in the iso-electric point of euglobulin and the phenomenon is of a general immunologic interest.