tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutral Proteases and Cathepsin D in Human Articular Cartilage
Authors: Asher I. Sapolsky, David S. Howell, J. Frederick Woessner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Proteolytic enzymes have been studied in extracts of human articular cartilage by the use of micromethods. The digestion of hemoglobin at pH 3.2 and of cartilage proteoglycan at pH 5 was shown to be due chiefly to cathepsin D. Cathepsin D was purified 900-fold from human patellar cartilage. Its identity was established by its specific cleavage of the B chain of insulin. At least six multiple forms of cathepsin D are present in cartilage; these corresponded to bovine forms 4-9. Cathepsin D had no action on proteins at pH 7.4. However, cartilage extracts digested proteoglycan, casein, and histone at this pH. The proteolytic activities against these three substrates were purified about 170-, 160-, and 70-fold, respectively. Each activity appeared in multiple forms on DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The three activities appear to be different since cysteine inhibited casein digestion, aurothiomalate inhibited histone digestion, and neither inhibited proteoglycan digestion. Tests with a wide range of inhibitors and activators suggest that these three activities differ from other neutral proteases described in the literature.
Starting Life Resistance-Free
Authors: Stuart B. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, initially recognized in hospitals, was subsequently identified in community-acquired infections as well. Today it is a major obstacle to the treatment of infectious diseases, leading not only to treatment failures but also to increased costs.1 Recent studies have highlighted the role of the normal intestinal and skin flora as reservoirs of genes carrying resistance to human pathogens. In fact, on the basis of survey evidence,2 , 3 it appears that the carriage of high levels of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract, even in persons who are not taking antibiotics, is something we must accept as inevitable. . . .
Neutrophils from renal cell carcinoma patients show increased expression of immunosuppressive and angiogenic gene profile
Authors: Dana R Obery, Patricia A Rayman, Yu Yang, Jennifer S Ko, James H Finke
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are detected at elevated levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and have been shown to mediate tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and immune suppression (Zea et al., 2005, Ko
Chemotherapy in Cholera
Authors: S. C. Lahiri
Journal: BMJ (1951)

How the honey-bee discovers the first, newly opened flowers of a crop was discussed in a paper read to the Royal Society on March 8 by Dr. C. G. Butler, of Rotham- sted Experimental Station, Harpenden.It has been known for a long time that bees possess good colour vision, though they can see into the ultra-violet where the human eye is blind and are insensitive to red-whence, it is suggested.arises the scarcity of pure red flowers.More recently Pro- fessor Karl von Frisch has described the amazing dance a scout bee performs on returning to the hive to let its worker colleagues know where it has found a new group of open flowers with pollen and nectar ready.But how does the scout discover the new flowers in the first instance-by sight or smell.? Dr. Butler reported that colour is the chief attractive factor, though a really strong perfume acts in the same way.The scent of an individual flower is, however, often weak, and it serves only to induce the honey- bee to enter the corolla once the colour has done its work.If the scent is masked, the bee hesitates to enter on the first or subsequent visits.
Effects of Antileukotrienes in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: N. C. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Two approaches have been taken to developing antileukotriene drugs: the first is the development of synthesis inhibitors that are either direct inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme or antagonists of the essential cofactor 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) (1). The second approach has been to develop receptor antagonists. Many antagonists and synthesis inhibitors have been studied in humans. This review focuses on the drugs that have entered clinical practice and for which there are therefore the greatest number of clinical trials: the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton (Zyflo) (2), licensed in the United States; the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (Singular) (3), licensed worldwide; pranlukast (ONON) (4), licensed in Japan; and zafirlukast (Accolate) (5), licensed worldwide.
Binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli R45 to glycolipids extracted from vaginal epithelial cells is dependent on histo-blood group secretor status.
Authors: A Stapleton, E Nudelman, H Clausen, S Hakomori, W E Stamm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Women with a history of recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) are two to three times more likely to be nonsecretors of histo-blood group antigens than are women without such a history. Further, uroepithelial cells from women who are nonsecretors show enhanced adherence of uropathogenic E. coli compared with cells from secretors. To investigate the hypothesis that nonsecretors express unique receptors for uropathogenic E. coli related to their genetic background, we extracted glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from vaginal epithelial cells collected from nonsecretors and secretors and used an assay in which radiolabeled uropathogenic E. coli were bound to these GSLs separated on TLC plates. An E. coli strain (R45) expressing both P and F adhesins, which was isolated from one of these patients' UTIs, was metabolically labeled with 35S for the TLC binding assay. The radiolabeled E. coli R45 bound to two extended globo-series GSLs, sialosyl gal-globoside (SGG) and disialosyl gal-globoside (DSGG), found in the GSL extracts from nonsecretors but not from secretors. The identity of SGG in the nonsecretor GSL extracts was confirmed in radioimmunoassays using an mAb to SGG and in immunofluorescence assays with this mAb and native vaginal epithelial cells. We show that SGG and DSGG are selectively expressed by epithelial cells of nonsecretors, presumably as a result of sialylation of the gal-globoside precursor glycolipid, which in secretors is fucosylated and processed to ABH antigens. The presence of SGG and DSGG may account for the increased binding of E. coli to uroepithelial cells from nonsecretors and for their increased susceptibility to recurrent UTI.
Evidence of Association Between Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Authors: N. F. Boyd, V. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Evidence of Association Between Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Get access N. F. Boyd, N. F. Boyd * The recipient of a National Health Scientist award from Health and WelfareCanada *Correspondence to : N. F. Boyd, M.D., Department of Medicine, Ontario Cancer Institute, 500 Sherbourne St., Toronto, ON, Canada M4X 1K9. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. McGuire V. McGuire The recipient of a National Health Scientist award from Health and WelfareCanada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 460–468, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.460 Published: 21 March 1990 Article history Received: 19 July 1989 Revision received: 18 December 1989 Accepted: 28 December 1989 Published: 21 March 1990
There is no four-object limit on attention
Authors: Greg Davis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The complex relationship between attention and STM forms a core issue in the study of human cognition, and Cowan's target article attempts, quite successfully, to elucidate an important part of this relationship. However, while I agree that aspects of STM performance may reflect the action mechanisms that we normally consider to subserve “attention” I shall argue here that attention is not subject to a fixed four-object capacity limit as Cowan suggests. Rather, performance in attention tasks as well as STM may be best accounted for in terms of decay and interference.
Fumarates, a new treatment option for therapy-resistant hidradenitis suppurativa: a prospective open-label pilot study
Authors: I.E. Deckers, H.H. van der Zee, D.M.W. Balak, E.P. Prens
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: no external funding. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), acne inversa, is a chronic, debilitating skin disease, characterized by recurrent inflammatory boils and abscesses, mainly located in areas of the skin folds.1 HS can have a severe negative impact on quality of life,2 partly because the disease is difficult to treat. Generally, treatment consists of long‐term drug therapy, surgery or both.1 However, inflammations often flare after the drug treatment is discontinued, and after surgery, patients can develop new inflammatory lesions at other or adjacent body areas. Therefore, there is a clear need for effective long‐term treatment for HS. Fumarates have been shown to be effective in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis,3 which is attributed to their immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects.4 Because elevated levels of inflammatory mediators are found in HS and are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis,5 we argued that fumarates could also be effective in patients with HS.6 To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective, single‐centre, open‐label pilot study, to assess the effectiveness and short‐term tolerability of fumarates in patients with moderate to severe HS who were refractory to conventional HS therapies.
NARRATION
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1089-109 Correlation between angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 and vitronectin receptor in cardiac transplantation
Authors: Mohamad H Yamani, Randall C Starling, E.Murat Tuzcu, Daniel Cook, Philip Paul, Norman B Ratliff, Yang Yu, Robert Hobbs, Gustavo Rincon, Corinne Bott-Silverman, Patrick M McCarthy, James B Young
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Living with the Atom
Authors: R. R. Newell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The author is professor of international relations at the University of Edinburgh. He was moderator of one of the conferences between scientists and science writers at the University of Chicago in 1960. In the introduction of the book, tribute is paid to Fermi, and individually to the many scientists who preceded him. On those names the author hangs a very concentrated summary of the beginnings of the atomic age. The first chapter concerns public fears and misunderstandings, particularly of the meaning of maximum permissible dose and of quantitative statements in rads and curies; also, the bold assertions by scientists and politicians who are presuming to make judgments in each others' fields. More of this emerges in the next chapter on responsible reporting. Reactors for power and the problems associated with fallout and waste disposal get a chapter each. The resulting injuries to health are then elaborated upon. The chapter on
Mannitol Therapy in Oliguria of Acute Onset
Authors: H. E. Eliahou
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Glick, S. M., Roth, J., Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A. (1963). Nature (Lond.), 199, 784. Greenwood, F. C, Hunter, W. M., and Klopper, A. (1964). Brit. med. J., 1, 22. -and Marrian, V. J. (1964). Ibid., 1, 25. Hunter, W. M., and Greenwood, F. C. (1962). Biochem. J., 85, 39P. -(1964). Ibid., 91, 43. Landon, J., Wynn, V., and James, V. H. T. (1963). J. Endocr., T7, 183. Raben, M. S. (1959). Recent Progr. Hormone Res., 15, 71. and Hollenberg, C. H. (1959). J. clin. Invest., 38, 484. Roth, J., Glick, S. M., Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A. (1963a). Science, 14?, 987. -(1963b). Metabolism, 12, 577. Unger, R. H., Eisentraut, A. M., and Madison, L. L. (1963). J. clin. Invest., 42, 1031. Utiger, R. D., Parker, M. L., and Daughaday, W. H. (1962). Ibid., 41, 254.
Doctors, Drugs, and Names
Authors: Lloyd C. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The multiplicity of names for drugs is inevitable. In addition to the systematic chemical name for a given drug there are the trivial names by which it may be known familiarly among chemists, the code number needed during research and development, the proprietary names needed when the drug is sold, and the generic name that is used as the common designation for all the various brands. The generic name, which is nonproprietary, is usually chosen by concerted action of representatives of manufacturing, medical, and governmental organizations. The medical profession should cooperate in the effort to minimize confusion by using accepted nonproprietary names.
Family Nurse Practitioners: Preliminary Answers and New Issues
Authors: C. G. PICKARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorials1 February 1974Family Nurse Practitioners: Preliminary Answers and New IssuesC. G. PICKARD JR., M.D.C. G. PICKARD JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-2-267 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs we entered the decade of the 1970s, the public increasingly demanded improvements in the availability, accessibility, and quality of primary services in health care. Their demand led to a wide variety of responses from federal and state governments, educational institutions, and the health professions. Among the responses were significant changes in the priorities for funding of health programs at the federal level, creation of new health-science schools, rapid expansion of training programs in primary care disciplines, and the creation of new health roles such as the physician's assistant and nurse practitioner.In 1970 the Schools of Medicine, Nursing, and...Reference1. GREENBERGLODAPICKARD RFG: Primary child health care by family nurse practitioners (FNP). Clin Res 21:114, 1973 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySome Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Nurse Practitioner ResearchMid-level practitioners in rural health care 1 February 1974Volume 80, Issue 2Page: 267-268KeywordsNursesPrimary care Issue Published: 1 February 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
ENDOTOXEMIA AND ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Jack Levin, Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

An experimental model that produces adrenal cortical hemorrhage with endotoxin has been described. When stimulated by thorotrast, endotoxin, or its tropic hormone (ACTH), the adrenal cortex is susceptible to the development of a hemorrhagic reaction during endotoxemia. The hemorrhagic reaction resembles that described in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. A pathophysiologic mechanism for the occurrence of adrenal hemorrhage occurring during acute sepsis is presented. Increased metabolic activity associated with the production of corticosteroids seems to make the adrenal cortex susceptible to endotoxin-induced hemorrhage. Adrenal hemorrhage observed during sepsis, as in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, may be attributable to endotoxemia occurring during or shortly after stimulation of the adrenal cortex by infection. Significant differences between adrenal cortical hemorrhage and the Shwartzman phenomenon are described.
Paradoxical Muscle Sympathetic Reflex Activation in Human Heart Failure
Authors: Philip J. Millar, Hisayoshi Murai, John S. Floras
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Muscle sympathetic activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has been attributed, on the basis of multiunit recordings, to attenuated inhibitory feedback from stretch-sensitive cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors. However, such preparations integrate 2 populations of single units exhibiting directionally opposite firing when atrial pressure is perturbed. We tested the hypothesis that the proportion of single units firing paradoxically when filling pressure increases is augmented in HFrEF.Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and estimated central venous pressure were recorded during nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -10 mm Hg) and nonhypertensive positive pressure (LBPP; +10 mm Hg) in 11 treated HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction 25 ± 6% [mean ± standard deviation]) patients and 14 similarly aged controls. Single-unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity discharge was termed either anticipated, if firing frequency exhibited classic negative-feedback responses, or paradoxical. LBNP and LBPP had no heart rate, stroke volume, or blood pressure effects (P>0.05). Estimated central venous pressure decreased with LBNP (P<0.05), increased with LBPP (P<0.05), and was consistently higher in HFrEF (P<0.05). During LBNP, the ratio of single units with anticipated and paradoxical discharge was similar in HFrEF (18:7) and controls (27:5), whereas LBPP elicited paradoxical reflex excitation in a greater proportion of HFrEF single units (7:18 versus 24:6; P=0.0001). Consequently, LBPP increased mean single-unit firing frequency (P<0.05) and did not inhibit multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity of HFrEF subjects (P<0.05 versus controls). Firing of 12/18 HFrEF (but no control) single units increased during both LBPP and LBNP.These findings provide the first evidence in human HFrEF for an augmented excitatory cardiopulmonary-muscle sympathetic nerve activity reflex response to increased preload, incorporating 2 distinct single-unit populations with differing firing properties.
Multiple biopsies improve cervical cancer detection in colposcopy
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Taking multiple biopsies during colposcopy improves detection of cervical cancer precursor lesions when compared with the current practice of taking only a single biopsy, a systematic US study has found.1

Women with abnormal cervical screening results are referred for further examination of the cervix by colposcopy. This typically involves a detailed examination after an acetic acid wash, which stains white any areas of …
SOME FACTORS IN THE SOLUTION OF THE ALCOHOLIC PROBLEM.
Authors: J. W. GROSVENOR
Journal: JAMA (1895)

An alcoholic problem confronts the people of these United States. Multitudes—perhaps the majority—of our population do not believe this statement. Especially is this true of our foreign-born residents. The vast majority of them have drawn alcohol from the maternal breast and have been educated to believe that alcoholic drinks are the healthiest that exist; they see no alcoholic problem. The brewer, the distiller, the saloonist can find no alcoholic problem which will restrict their business. The ordinary merchant fails to recognize any alcoholic problem which forbids a reciprocity of business between himself and the vendor of alcoholics. The professional man searches in vain for an alcoholic problem which will offend the consciences of his clients. The eyes of myriads of our people in looking for this problem are blinded that they see not, and their ears in listening for its goings are stopped that they hear not. If, perchance,
Reply to A.D. Sasse et al
Authors: Yu Yang Soon, Martin R. Stockler, Lisa M. Askie, Michael J. Boyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We thank the correspondents for their interest and comments.Sasse et al 1 take issue with three aspects of our study. 2These are the inclusion of: trials using alkylating agents, trials reported only as abstracts, and trials using different designs and treatment strategies to extend chemotherapy.Excluding the two small trials using alkylating agents does not alter our findings or conclusions.The trials reported only as abstracts include those that are most recent and largest, and use the newest agents.We look forward to corroborating our analyses when these have been fully reported.We appreciated that chemotherapy could be extended with different strategies and agents, and assessed differences in their effects.We found no evidence that these distinctions influenced effects on overall survival.Our meta-analysis was designed to determine the effects of extending chemotherapy beyond a standard number of cycles, whereas the meta-analysis referred to by Sasse et al 1 was designed to determine the effects of continuing first-line chemotherapy. 3The results of these studies are consistent and complementary.Both show that extending chemotherapy beyond a standard number of cycles improves progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio, 0.75 for both).Differences in the effects on overall survival are more apparent than real, as can be seen by the overlapping CIs 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.99) versus 0.97 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.11).Both studies show that effects on overall survival are modest at best.We agree many questions are left unanswered by our review and look forward to future studies that shed light on them, including those using newer targeted agents.In the meantime, we agree that our findings argue against a routine practice of extending third-generation chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in all patients.However, they do suggest that it is reasonable to extend chemotherapy beyond a standard number of cycles in the subset of patients with disease that is stable or responding after four to six cycles and who are tolerating treatment well.