tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving immunisation coverage in rural India
Authors: J. Das
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3><b>Background</b></h3> Rotator cuff–related disorders represent the largest subgroup of shoulder complaints. Despite the availability of various conservative and surgical treatment options, the precise indications for these options remain unclear. <h3><b>Purpose</b></h3> The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the available research on prognostic models for predicting outcomes in adults undergoing physical therapy for painful rotator cuff disorders. <h3><b>Data Sources</b></h3> The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro databases and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) up to October 2015 were searched. <h3><b>Study Selection</b></h3> The review included primary studies exploring prognostic models in adults undergoing physical therapy, with or without other conservative measures, for painful rotator cuff disorders. Primary outcomes were pain, disability, and adverse events. Inclusion was limited to prospective investigations of prognostic factors elicited at the baseline assessment. Study selection was independently performed by 2 reviewers. <h3><b>Data Extraction</b></h3> A pilot-tested form was used to extract data on key aspects of study design, characteristics, analyses, and results. Risk of bias and applicability were independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Prediction Study Risk of Bias Assessment tool (PROBAST). <h3><b>Data Synthesis</b></h3> Five studies were included in the review. These studies were extremely heterogeneous in many aspects of design, conduct, and analysis. The findings were analyzed narratively. <h3><b>Limitations</b></h3> All included studies were rated as at high risk of bias, and none of the resulting prognostic models was found to be usable in clinical practice. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> There are no prognostic models ready to inform clinical practice in the context of the review question, highlighting the need for further research on prognostic models for predicting outcomes in adults who undergo physical therapy for painful rotator cuff disorders. The design and conduct of future studies should be receptive to developing methods.
Critical appraisal of domiciliary obstetric and neonatal practice.
Authors: C A Cox, S S Fox, P M Zinkin, A E Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Obstetric and neonatal data on 155 domiciliary deliveries were analysed. The findings illustrated the problems in adhering to generally recognised risk criteria for selecting cases for domiciliary confinement and the unpredictability of events in the newborn period. Awareness of the risks of home confinement have led to increased efforts to achieve 100% hospital delivery. At the West Middlesex Hospital, to make hospital confinement more acceptable to mothers, we have tried to alter inflexible hospital routines and to make previously austere labour wards less impersonal. The same midwife who has supervised the antenatal period brings the mother into the unit, and transfers her home as soon as possible afterwards..
Spontaneous platelet aggregation reversed by flurbiprofen.
Authors: C Politis-Tsegos, S Wolff, S Shaw, T R Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Recurrent vasculitis associated with beta-haemolytic streptococcal infectionsMany agents have been incriminated in producing polyarteritis nodosa and similar systemic vasculitic disorders, including the hepatitis B virus' and various drugs.2 3 We report a case in which recurrent episodes of severe systemic vasculitis were associated with haemolytic streptococcal infections. Case reportIn 1968, when aged 17 years, the patient developed a sore throat, which worsened over four weeks despite treatment with penicillin and tetracycline.On admission to hospital she was very ill, with fever, facial oedema, swollen tongue, tender muscles, and bilateral lateral popliteal nerve palsies.A few days later she developed polyarthritis and red papules on the hands and feet.Further treatment with tetracycline, ampicillin, and erythromycin was unhelpful.Investigations showed a white cell count of 23 x 109/1 (82% -neutrophils, no eosinophils), ESR 77 mm in first hour, and ASO titre 230 (normal < 200), and a throat swab cultured Streptococcus pyogenes.Histo- logically a skin biopsy specimen showed an intense arteritis.Hydrocortisone and azathioprine produced dramatic clinical improvement; after six months this was stopped and by 18 months her foot drop had resolved leaving her completely well.She again acquired a severe sore throat in February 1977; despite treat- ment with erythromycin, and later tetracycline, she deteriorated and was readmitted with fever; facial oedema; gross swelling and ulceration of the tongue (see figure); painful muscles; a maculopapular rash over the buttocks; Swelling and ulceration of tongue.radial, median, and lateral popliteal nerve palsies; and necrosis of the soft on 24 July
THE TREATMENT OF GENERAL PARALYSIS OF THE INSANE BY MALARIAL INFECTION
Authors: C. Worster-Drought, H. C. Beccle
Journal: BMJ (1923)

12 6 DM,2 '121-EIA ORA be rendered aseptic and two or more volsellae applied out- side the growth and clear of it, and the mass lifted as far as possible and removed with a rapid incision.Many cases occur in which, altlhough the primary growth could be removed, the glandular infection has become extra- capsular, and it is impossible to gauge the extent of the disease owing to the presence of the ill defined and more or less diffuse induration.Cases such as these, if operate(d upon, are mainly responsible for the mortality, due to rapid recurrence or early liaemorlrhage from some large vessel.Our records show sixteen deaths from operation, mostly resulting from haemorrhage; this, hiowever, is far from representing the total mortality.Recurreence took place in probably about 20 per cen-t. of the operated cases.
Early Detection of Lung Cancer by Molecular Markers in Endobronchial Epithelial-Lining Fluid
Authors: Nicolas Kahn, Michael Meister, Ralf Eberhardt, Thomas Muley, Philipp A. Schnabel, Christian Bender, Marc Johannes, Denise Keitel, Holger Sültmann, Felix J.F. Herth, Ruprecht Kuner
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Tracheobronchomalacia Incidentally Detected on Tc-99m Ventilation/Perfusion SPECT
Authors: Sylvia Deryk, Koenraad Nieboer, Gaëtane Ceulemans, Axel Bossuyt, Christian Vanhove, Hendrik Everaert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A Tc-99m Technegas MAA-SPECT was performed on an 81-year-old woman to exclude pulmonary embolism. It showed hypoperfusion and practically absent ventilation of the entire left lung, suggesting a left-sided centrally localized airway obstruction or compression with secondary hypoxic vasoconstriction. Subsequent bronchoscopy and CT scan detected tracheobronchomalacia with significant narrowing of the left bronchus.Tracheobronchomalacia is a rare, benign condition, referring to the deficiency in cartilage of the tracheobronchial tree, caused by a variety of factors.
Clinical translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe
Authors: Evan Phillips, Oula Penate-Medina, Pat B. Zanzonico, Richard D. Carvajal, Pauliah Mohan, Yunpeng Ye, John Humm, Mithat Gönen, Hovanes Kalaigian, Heiko Schöder, H. William Strauss, Steven M. Larson, Ulrich Wiesner, Michelle S. Bradbury
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Ultrasmall inorganic hybrid optical-PET imaging particles were found to be safe and physiologically stable in patients with melanoma.
Criteria of evaluation and of interpretation of Sepharose drug IgE‐RIA to anaesthetic drugs
Authors: J. L. Guéant, E. Mata, F. Namour, A. Romano, I. Aimone‐Gastin, G. Kanny, D.A. Moneiet‐Vautrin, M. C. Laxenaire
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The detection of antidrug specific IgE in serum is usually performed by a sandwich-type immunoassay in which the serum IgE is first adsorbed to a reactive phase and subsequently quantified via the binding of an anti-IgE tracer. The preparation of a new drug-reactive phase requires one to establish carefully different steps of validation: 1) criteria of positivity of control sera 2) competitive inhibition assays with the soluble drug, which should include the determination of the inhibition constant rather than estimation of a single inhibition percentage, especially when the assay is performed for the identification of determinants 3) estimation of nonspecific binding of IgE to the solid phase, including hydrophobic binding. The competitive inhibition depends on the concentration of the competitor and of IgE in the test-tube and the concentration of reactive drug bound to the solid phase. We have improved the inhibition assay by performing the Dixon test for calculating the inhibition constant (Ki) of the competitor. The Ki of six different muscle relaxants was determined in 12 patients who experienced an anaphylactic reaction to muscle relaxants. The values ranged between 1.5 nM and 2.5 microM. This confirmed the great heterogeneity of drug IgE cross-reactivity among patients. The Ki value of the incriminated drug was the lowest (affinity, the highest) in eight of the 12 patients. It was better correlated to clinical data than the classical inhibition assay. A hydrophobic environment seemed to be necessary, close to the quaternary ion, to allow IgE binding to the muscle relaxant. By contrast, in tiemonium, a hydroxyl group present at a distance of about 3 A from the quaternary ion may explain why this molecule had a high Ki (microM). In conclusion, it should be recommended, in molecular-recognition studies, that the inhibition constant of the soluble drug and of the related compounds be determined to complement the experiments based only on hapten inhibition assays.
Sensitivity of Actinomyces Israeli to Antibiotics
Authors: L. P. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Although sulphonamides have some' effect in actino- mycosis, penicillin has much more, and is now the stan- dard treatment for this disease.There are nevertheless three reasons for inquiring into the possible usefulness of later antibiotics: they may conceivably be even more effective, a given patient's strain of Actinomyces israeli may be or become abnormally resistant to penicillin, or the patient may be intolerfit of this drug.There are records of the treatment of small numbers of cases of actinomycosis with antibiotics-other than penicillin.Streptomycin was used successfully by Costigan (1947) in one atypical and not fully confirmed case, by Pemberton and Hunter (1949), who gave the drug by the mouth to a patient with a lesion in the rectum, by Torrens and Wood (1949), who treated three authenticated cases by a prolonged course of injections, and by Lambert (1951).Some of these patients had previously been given penicillin with no or only tem- porary benefit Pulaski and Seeley (1948) mention a case in which tlae organism became resistant to the drug and the disease progressed: that a high degree of such resistance can develop in vitro has been shown by Boand and Novak (1949).All clinical reports on the response of the disease to aureomycin are enthusiastic: Wright and Lowen (1950) cured one case, McVay, Guthrie, and Sprunt (1951) three, Grant (1951) one, and Kelly (1951) one, which had previously not responded at all to streptomycin or penicillin, and only tem- porarily to chloramphenicol.Chloramphenicol was employed successfully together with penicillin and sulphadiazine in one patient by Littman, Phillips, and Fusillo (1950).There are also single case reports of
HIV/AIDS Funding Dropped by 10% in 2010
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

sess rare adverse events. But Broderick said that more strategies need to be used that help meet the needs of the various stakeholders involved. He explained that the US health care system needs to get better value for money and to stop paying for things that aren’t helpful, patients need better outcomes, and companies need to profit. “The resources paying for clinical care can be set aside for trials that are going to answer questions and improve care in the process,” Broderick said.
National Cancer Institute Making More Taxol Available for Refractory Ovarian, Breast Cancers
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TAXOL (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is becoming more available to women with refractory ovarian carcinoma, National Cancer Institute officials say. Oncologists can apply to the Bethesda, Md, institute for the experimental anticancer drug and protocol for administering it.  In addition, these officials say, the institute plans to expand its Treatment Referral Center program to provide the drug to physicians treating patients with advanced, refractory breast cancer. However, the institute says,  is by no means clear that Taxol is the best treatment for these women, and it strongly recommends that eligible breast cancer patients discuss with their physicians whether Taxol, standard treatments, or other clinical trials are most appropriate for them.  In the case of the expanded access to the drug this fall for physicians treating refractory ovarian cancer, institute officials say that this reflects increased supplies of the drug, indications in ongoing clinical trials of its effectiveness in
Quantification of the rat left ventricle force and Ca2+–frequency relationships: similarities to dog and human
Authors: D Taylor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: To measure and quantify the force–frequency (FFR) and Ca2+–frequency (CaFR) relationships in isolated rat left ventricular (LV) muscle at physiological heart rates and compare the obtained FFR to that measured in larger mammalian muscle from dog and human using the same experimental protocol. Methods: Rat papillary muscle was isolated from the LV of adult male Sprague–Dawley rats, and dog and human muscles were from free-wall LV biopsies, loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fura-2, allowed to recover from isolation trauma and then subjected to direct electrical stimulation while measuring force production and intracellular Ca2+ transients. Results: We obtained a positive FFR between 1 and 4 Hz that is qualitatively similar to that found in isolated LV epicardial muscle strips from dogs and humans with normal LV function. The FFR reflects the cytosolic Ca2+ transients in amplitude. Isoproterenol yielded an enhancement in force, but flattening of the FFR, whereas cyclopiazonic acid caused depression of FFR amplitude without changing frequency-dependent shape. Conclusion: We describe an experimental protocol that consistently yields positive FFRs in rat, dog and human LV muscle at stimulation rates between 1 and 4 Hz, without significant qualitative differences. We attribute previously observed negative FFR in rat muscle to an increase in SERCA activity early after excision and preparation of the muscle strips.
Wandering Spleen and Advanced Age
Authors: NABIH W. SAWAF, JOSEPH A. ORZEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 95-year-old female was found to have an asymptomatic pelvic mass on a routine gynecological exam. Ultrasound demonstrated a solid pelvic mass with a configuration suggesting the spleen. This was confirmed by Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver-spleen imaging. Ectopic pelvic spleens are very rare and occur primarily in women. Agenesis or laxity of the suspensory ligaments of the spleen are the most frequent causes. Many patients with an ectopic or wandering pelvic spleen are symptomatic early in life, and occasionally an acute abdomen may result from torsion of the splenic pedicle. The mass effect of a pelvic spleen may also interfere with normal pregnancy. This case demonstrates, however, that an ectopic pelvic spleen can remain asymptomatic into adult life and even advanced age, and may mimic malignancy. Although ultrasound may suggest the diagnosis, liver-spleen scintigraphy is diagnostic.
Relative contributions of cardiopulmonary and sinoaortic baroreflexes in causing sympathetic activation in the human skeletal muscle circulation during orthostatic stress.
Authors: T N Jacobsen, B J Morgan, U Scherrer, S F Vissing, R A Lange, N Johnson, W S Ring, P S Rahko, P Hanson, R G Victor
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The aim of this study was to reexamine the hypothesis that cardiopulmonary baroreflexes are more important than sinoaortic baroreflexes in causing vasoconstriction in the skeletal muscle circulation during orthostatic stress. We recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) with microelectrodes in the peroneal nerve (and forearm blood flow with venous occlusion plethysmography) in normal subjects (innervated ventricles) and in heart transplant recipients (denervated ventricles) during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) performed alone and in combination with intravenous infusion of phenylephrine, which was titrated to eliminate the orthostatically induced fall in blood pressure and thus the unloading of both carotid and aortic baroreceptors. The principal new findings are as follows: (1) The increases in both MSNA and forearm vascular resistance during multiple levels of LBNP were not attenuated by heart transplantation, which causes ventricular but not sinoaortic deafferentation. (2) In heart transplant recipients, a small increase in MSNA during mild LBNP was dependent on a decrease in arterial pressure, but in normal subjects, a similar increase in MSNA occurred in the absence of any detectable decrease in the aortic pressure stimulus to the sinoaortic baroreceptors. (3) In normal subjects, the large increase in MSNA during a high level of LBNP was dependent on a decrease in arterial pressure and could be dissociated from the decrease in central venous pressure. Taken together, the findings strongly suggest that sinoaortic baroreflexes are much more important and ventricular baroreflexes are much less important than previously thought in causing reflex sympathetic activation and vasoconstriction in the human skeletal muscle circulation during orthostatic stress.
Biological Stains: A Handbook on the Nature and Uses of the Dyes Employed in the Biological Laboratory
Authors: Harold Joel Conn
Journal: JAMA (1941)

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Aspirin Use and Cardiovascular Disease in Women-Reply
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr D'Agostino and colleagues for sharing their interesting data from the Framingham Heart Study. In their data, as in ours, the use of one through six aspirin per week was associated with decreased risks of CVD, whereas seven or more was not. Whether the absence of benefit in the latter group is attributable to the higher dose or frequency of aspirin ingestion or to confounding by the underlying indication for aspirin or related health habits remains unclear. It is of interest that low-dose aspirin was associated with greater reductions in stroke than in MI in the Framingham data. We agree that further investigation is warranted and believe that only randomized clinical trials of adequate sample size will provide conclusive evidence on the risk:benefit ratio of low-dose aspirin in primary prevention of CVD in women. Dr Yawn comments on the potential importance of the indications for aspirin
Is 'Male Menopause' Real or Just an Excuse?
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IT'S BECOMING popular to blame "male menopause" for the strange behavior of some middle-aged men during their so-called "midlife crisis." Some researchers are suggesting that what they call "andropause" can be treated with supplemental testosterone. However, the changes that occur in men as they age have little in common with the changes that women experience when they go through menopause, says Christopher Longcope, MD, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worchester. <h3>No Comparison</h3> The gradual decline of testosterone production in aging men, he says, does not compare with the sudden plunge in estrogen levels and the cessation of ovulation that women experience during menopause. According to Longcope, who led a luncheon round table discussion on male menopause at the recent third annual meeting of the North American Menopause Society in Cleveland, Ohio,"midlife crisis in men is not a menopausal analogue."(Please see previous
Reaction to Rubber-ended Stethoscope
Authors: A. Bigham
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MEDICAL JOURNAL427 become impossible.At this time there were no spasms of the limbs or general convulsions.Facial symptoms were fairly well marked.Later there was partial intermission of the symptoms and the patient could make herself understood.This, however, was only temporary, and she was admitted to hospital on Jan.31, 1942, where she was seen by a consultant physician.Later that same day, while being fed through a nasal tube, she developed severe spasms and died.COMMENT
Disulfide Cross‐Linked Polyurethane Micelles as a Reduction‐Triggered Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shuangjiang Yu, Jianxun Ding, Chaoliang He, Yue Cao, Weiguo Xu, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Nanoscale carriers that stably load drugs in blood circulation and release the payloads in desirable sites in response to a specific trigger are of great interest for smart drug delivery systems. For this purpose, a novel type of disulfide core cross‐linked micelles, which are facilely fabricated by cross‐linking of poly(ethylene glycol)/polyurethane block copolymers containing cyclic disulfide moieties via a thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction, are developed. A broad‐spectrum anti‐cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), is loaded into the micelles as a model drug. The drug release from the core cross‐linked polyurethane micelles (CCL‐PUMs) loaded with DOX is suppressed in normal phosphate buffer saline (PBS), whereas it is markedly accelerated with addition of an intracellular reducing agent, glutathione (GSH). Notably, although DOX‐loaded CCL‐PUMs display lower cytotoxicity in vitro compared to either free DOX or DOX‐loaded uncross‐linked polyurethane micelles, the drug‐loaded CCL‐PUMs show the highest anti‐tumor efficacy with reduced toxicity in vivo. Since enhanced anti‐tumor efficacy and reduced toxic side effects are key aspects of efficient cancer therapy, the novel reduction‐responsive CCL‐PUMs may hold great potential as a bio‐triggered drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
Intracranial hemorrhage after rt-pa and heparin for acute myocardial infarction — The TIMI II pilot and randomized trial combined experience
Authors: Joel Gore, Michael Sloan, Thomas Price, Michael Terrin, Edwin Bovill, Desire Collen, Genell Knatterud, Anna Mae Young Randall, George Sopko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Effects of Colon Capsule Endoscopy on Medical Decision Making in Patients With Incomplete Colonoscopies
Authors: Onofre Alarcón–Fernández, Laura Ramos, Zaida Adrián–de–Ganzo, Antonio Zebenzuy Gimeno–García, David Nicolás–Pérez, Alejandro Jiménez, Enrique Quintero
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)