tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of vasculitis in Europe
Authors: R A WATTS
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

We recently compared the annual incidence of primary systemic vasculitis (PSV) in two different regions of Europe (Norwich, UK (latitude 52°N) and Lugo, Spain (latitude 43°N)).1Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) was more common in Norwich (10.6/million) than in Spain (4.9/million), though the overall incidence of PSV was similar. This supports the idea that environmental factors may be important in the aetiopathogenesis of PSV. To extend our observations we have now studied the incidence of PSV in northern Europe (Tromso, Norway (latitude 70°N)). …
Xanthomas due to generalized oedema
Authors: I. EECKHOUT, D. VOGELAERS, M.L. GEERTS, J.M. NAEYAERT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A unique case of normolipaemic eruptive xanthomas due to generalized oedema is described. We propose that in this patient eruptive xanthomas were caused by the capillary leak syndrome. The increased vascular permeability could be responsible for leakage of lipoproteins into the dermis with subsequent phagocytosis by histiocytic cells.
Successful Visualization of Cortical Malignant Lesions on Renal Scintigram Using 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid
Authors: JUICHI KAWAMURA, SHINICHI HOSOKAWA, OSAMU YOSHIDA, TORU FUJITA, KANJI TORIZUKA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The early (dynamic) and late (static) renal images obtained with 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) were utlized to evaluate renal cortical malignant tumors in 30 cases of renal cell carcinoma each of which had been confirmed by operation or autopsy. Early images, performed 20–50 seconds after radionuclide administration, demonstrated abnormal vascular pools in the cortex. A cold area without DMSA uptake was demonstrated on the 2-hour or late images, reflecting a non-functioning renal mass. Lesions demonstrated with combined early and late images showed a good correlation with those demonstrated by renal angiography in 25 out of 27 cases. However, when almost all the renal tumor was replaced by necrotic lesions, the early image did not reveal hypervascularity. When a highly vascular renal tumor extended to the perinephric tissues, the tumor area was sometimes overestimated on the early image. It is almost impossible to diagnose renal cell carcinoma using radionuclide imaging alone. However, 99m Tc-DMSA renal studies, using both early and late imaging, have proven to be a useful, noninvasive adjunct in the detection of malignant cortical lesions.
A is for airway
Authors: H. Ranu, B. Madden
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 61 year old man was referred to our outpatient department because of breathlessness. He was able to walk only 50 metres before having to stop to catch his breath. He denied any chest pain or cough. In the 1980s he had fallen down a lift shaft, which had caused substantial trauma. He had needed mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, with tracheostomy formation and prolonged respiratory wean. He had never smoked. Examination of his chest was normal. Oxygen saturations on room air were 96%. His chest radiograph was normal. Figure 1⇓ shows the results of another test that was performed.





### 1 What test has been performed?

#### Short answer

Spirometry was performed, and maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow volume loops and a flow volume curve were produced. The expected expiratory curve is shown in black and the patient’s observed expiratory and inspiratory curves are shown in blue.

#### Long answer

A variety of pulmonary functions tests are available, including spirometry, flow volume curves, measurement of diffusion capacity, and lung volumes. These tests are effort dependent and require patient cooperation. Predicted values depend on age, height, sex, and race and are determined by published studies of large …
New Signal Functions to Measure the Ability of Health Facilities to Provide Routine and Emergency Newborn Care
Authors: Sabine Gabrysch, Giulia Civitelli, Karen M. Edmond, Matthews Mathai, Moazzam Ali, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Oona M. R. Campbell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Literature review findings on emergency newborn care functionsTo identify documents listing signal functions for emergency newborn care (EmNC), we conducted a systematic literature review.Articles were included if they:1. were about the functioning of FACILITIES, i.e. preparedness or readiness to deliver a certain level of facility care (and not about recommended interventions, packages, or community-level interventions alone), 2. recommended a SHORTLIST of functions or capabilities, not a very long list of all necessary items such as drugs, supplies, equipment pieces etc (although data on these items may be used to verify functions are ready to be performed), and 3. included at least three NEONATAL functions, not just one or two as part of a more general quality of care assessment.Literature published since 2000 in Pubmed, Embase and Scopus databases was searched in August 2011 by combining MeSH terms for neonates and quality of care (e.g."Infant, Newborn", "Fetal Death", "Paediatrics", "Perinatal care, Standards", "Quality of health care", "Quality indicators, Health care", "Clinical competence") and using free text terms such as "Emergency neonatal care indicator" or "Newborn emergency signal functions".A total of 4884 articles with a focus on our area of interest were located; all titles were screened, 113 abstracts were assessed and 17 articles were reviewed completely.Reference lists from retrieved articles and key articles in the field were also screened.Other published literature was searched using Intute (www.intute.ac.uk),Eldis (www.eldis.org)and Google (www.google.com)and free text terms relating to neonatal, emergency and signal functions or indicators.Eight documents (one research article and seven other published documents) fulfilled the inclusion criteria.The emergency newborn care signal functions identified in these eight documents are listed below (direct quotes in italics) and summarised in Table S1.Note: BEmOC and CEmOC functions are only mentioned when they differ from the UN guidelines.
Clinical hepatology: Profile of an urban, hospital-based practic
Authors: D Byron, G Y Minuk
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To dispel the common notion that the practice of hepatology in North America largely consists of the care of middle-aged male patients with alcohol-induced liver disease, and, in the process, provide undergraduate and postgraduate students with a clearer picture of what patient profiles might resemble in an urban, hospital-based hepatology practice, 1,226 charts derived from referrals between July 1, 1987, and January 1, 1994, were retrospectively reviewed for the following information: year of referral, age and sex of the patient, practice of the referring physician, status of ongoing care, and principal diagnosis. The results of the study revealed the following: 1) referrals for assessment and care of patients with liver disease are increasing at a rapid rate, 2) the majority of referred patients are between the ages of 25 and 45 years, 3) there is an equal distribution of men and women, 4) referrals are most often from general practitioners (57%) and internists (27%), 5) turnover is common, with 56% of referred patients no longer being followed, and 6) a variety of liver disorders are seen, including acute and chronic viral hepatitis (47%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (11%), drug-induced liver disease (6%), alcoholic liver disease (5%), primary biliary cirrhosis (4%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (3%), autoimmune chronic hepatitis (3%), "cryptogenic" cirrhosis (3%), and miscellaneous or undiagnosed causes (20%). Thus, contrary to popular belief, in this urban, hospital-based practice, the majority of liver disease patients are not middle-aged alcoholics, but rather young adults with a variety of hepatobiliary disorders.
The adjuvant activity of AM3 (inmunoferón®) to hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination in haemodialysis patients is due to its ability to restore the innate as well as the adaptative immunity
Authors: E. Reyes, A. Prieto, J. Monserrat, S. Gonzalez, V.G. Villarrubia, M. Alvarez-Mon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia: A Cluster of Eleven Cases
Authors: CAROL SINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

An unusual cluster of 11 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in a 3-month period at Memorial Hospital, New York. Ten of the 11 patients had lymphoma or leukemia. In 7 patients, corticosteroid therapy was decreased or stopped shortly before pneumocystis pneumonia was diagnosed. The pediatric patients had extensive contact in the outpatient department, and three of them had roomed together, suggesting the possibility of man to man transmission. Tree of 4 adult patients with Hodgkin's disease and pneumocystis pneumonia had the same physician. This physician had an indirect immunofluorescent titer of 1:16, as did an infectious disease resident involved in the care of 6 patients. Three of 9 patients tested showed indirect immunofluorescent titers of 1:16 or above, with rising or falling titers on serial specimens. Although definitive evidence of communicability was not established, patients with suspected or proved pneumocystis pneumonia are now isolated in this hospital.
Second World Conference on Medical Education: Presidential Address
Authors: R. B. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1959)

I am proud to have the honour of welcoming you to this great conference on medical education and of saluting you for your dedication to the profession of medicine and to medical education.Ours is a great international fraternity of men and women devoted to the health, welfare, and happiness of people everywhere.Medical education attracts idealistic members of the profession who are concerned about the transmission of the science and the art of the practice of medicine.They cherish the great and rapidly increasing body of know- ledge and skills of medicine
373 DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF SERUM HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN LEVELS OVER THE NATURAL COURSE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: THE ROLE OF AGE AND IMMUNE PHASE
Authors: J.W. Jang, S.H. Yoo, B.S. Oh, C.R. You, J.H. Kwon, K.W. Chung, S. Lee, J.H. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Half of English hospitals fail to meet basic standards on care for older people
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

More than half of England’s hospitals are falling short in providing basic care to older people, the Care Quality Commission has found.

A damning report on the care of older people in acute trusts found what chair of the commission Dame Jo Williams said was “truly alarming and deeply disappointing.”

It found that too many hospital staff fail to ensure that older patients eat and drink properly, do not respect their dignity, and talk to them in a condescending manner.

In the highly critical report the commission concluded that more than half of all hospitals in England were …
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME OF THE COMMONER DRUGS UPON THE GASTRIC FUNCTIONS.
Authors: BOARDMAN REED
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The following observations were made in my laboratory on five persons employed in an office building in Philadelphia during February. March and April, 1901. None of them complained of their stomachs. They were not invalids or under medical treatment, though some of them realized that they were not in robust health. In every case the stomach contents were extracted by a Kuttner rubber bulb, one hour after an Ewald test breakfast, with one exception, when the time was fifty minutes. The contents were filtered before being examined. No attempt was made to empty the stomach completely, since to do this adds needlessly to the discomfort of the procedure and does not add any important reliable information. The motor power of the stomach can be measured much more accurately and conveniently by other means. All the persons thus experimented upon had been eating ordinary diet, and were directed to continue with
Typhoid Death-Rate of Memphis
Authors: M. Goltman
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I beg to call your attention to your article (May 31, 1913, p. 1703), in which you say that Memphis has the unenviable distinction of maintaining the highest death-rate from typhoid fever of any of the large cities of the United States. If you will refer to our correspondence you will note that this mortality rate is explained, and since your editorial has been quoted editorially and otherwise by the lay press of some of the cities in Ibis section as well as other sections, it becomes my duty to take this matter up with you in the interest of simple justice. [Comment: The correspondence referred to by Dr. Goltman was a letter in which it was explained that the typhoid situation in Memphis for 1912 was due to the overflow of the Mississippi River, which infected a portion of the city's water-supply. To combat this infection,
Unusual Bilateral Tc-99m DPD Uptake on Bone Scan
Authors: Stefan Merk, Michael Hentschel, Jochen Talazko, Richard Fischer, Ernst Moser
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 74-year-old man with prostate cancer was screened for bone metastases. The scan exhibited severe degenerative skeletal changes (especially in the spine and the right knee) and catheter drainage of the bladder, but obviously no bone metastases. Surprisingly, 2 almost symmetric "devil-like"-looking lesions were noted in the frontolateral skull. The patient was treated with bilateral bore hole trepanation because of a subdural hematoma 3 weeks earlier. The lesions can be interpreted as augmented bone metabolism in these regions. Although subdural hematoma is fairly common (incidence, 15:100,000 annually), bilateral trepanation is only performed in approximately 5% of patients.
Value of sigmoidoscopy and biopsy in detection of carcinoma and premalignant change in ulcerative colitis
Authors: R. H. Riddell, B. C. Morson
Journal: Gut (1979)

Of 111 carcinomas developing in 73 patients with ulcerative colitis, 46 (41·5%) arose in the rectum where they are directly accessible to sigmoidoscopy. Fifty-eight per cent of single carcinomas developed in the rectum. The extent and frequency of rectal dysplasia was assessed by examining slides of rectal mucosa with an eyepiece micrometer. Slides from 46 patients with carcinoma and 22 patients with dysplasia but no carcinoma in whom proctectomy or proctocolectomy had been carried out were examined by this method. Thirteen of 15 patients with carcinoma of the colon (87%) and 21/22 patients (95%) with large bowel dysplasia showed evidence only of rectal dysplasia. However, there was marked variability in the proportion of dysplastic rectal mucosa even in those patients with rectal carcinoma, while in some patients dysplasia was limited to a small focus. Because of the possibility of false negative biopsies due to sampling error, multiple biopsies should be taken to detect dysplasia. Their state should be recorded and deliberately varied at subsequent visits. Careful sigmoidoscopy and multiple biopsies in this study had potential value as an aid in the detection of 85-90% of all carcinomas. In practice the figure would almost certainly be lower due to intrinsic bias (see discussion) so that, although regular sigmoidoscopy and biopsy would be of great value when colonoscopy is not available, the latter should be included in any long-term programme of carcinoma prevention.
Serum Perfluorinated Compound Concentration and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children 5–18 Years of Age
Authors: Cheryl R. Stein, David A. Savitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are persistent environmental pollutants. Toxicology studies demonstrate the potential for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other PFCs to affect human growth and development. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder with suspected environmental and genetic etiology.Objectives: We examined the cross-sectional association between serum PFC concentration and parent or self-report of doctor-diagnosed ADHD with and without current ADHD medication.Methods: We used data from the C8 Health Project, a 2005–2006 survey in a Mid-Ohio Valley community highly exposed to PFOA through contaminated drinking water, to study non-Hispanic white children 5–18 years of age. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age and sex.Results: Of the 10,546 eligible children, 12.4% reported ADHD and 5.1% reported ADHD plus ADHD medication use. We observed an inverted J-shaped association between PFOA and ADHD, with a small increase in prevalence for the second quartile of exposure compared with the lowest, and a decrease for the highest versus lowest quartile. The prevalence of ADHD plus medication increased with perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) levels, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.08) comparing the highest quartile of exposure to the lowest. We observed a modest association between perfluorooctane sulfonate and ADHD with medication.Conclusions: The most notable finding for PFOA and ADHD, a reduction in prevalence at the highest exposure level, is unlikely to be causal, perhaps reflecting a spurious finding related to the geographic determination of PFOA exposure in this population or to unmeasured behavioral or physiologic correlates of exposure and outcome. Possible positive associations between other PFCs and ADHD, particularly PFHxS, warrant continued investigation.
STUDIES WITH A MONOCHROMATOR IN THE COMMON IDIOPATHIC PHOTODERMATOSES.
Authors: I. A. MAGNUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article STUDIES WITH A MONOCHROMATOR IN THE COMMON IDIOPATHIC PHOTODERMATOSES. Get access I. A. MAGNUS, M.D., M.R.C.P. I. A. MAGNUS, M.D., M.R.C.P. Senior Lecturer, The Institute of Dermatology, Kt. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London, E.9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 6, 1 June 1964, Pages 245–264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb14526.x Published: 01 June 1964
Effects of extended cold preservation and transplantation on the rat liver microcirculation
Authors: H Imamura, A Brault, P M Huet
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell impairment and/or microcirculatory disturbances are thought to induce storage–related graft failure; however, the respective roles of changes induced by extended cold preservation and transplantation, as well as their interactions, are still unknown. To this end, the alterations of the liver microcirculation and of hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell functions induced by extended cold preservation and/or transplantation were assessed using an isolated perfused rat liver model combined to an orthotopic rat liver transplantation model. Liver microcirculation remained minimally altered following extended cold ischemia alone, despite a marked deterioration of sinusoidal endothelial cell function, while liver microcirculation alterations were mainly characterized by areas of no–reflow following transplantation alone. It was only when both procedures were associated that hepatocyte function became markedly compromised, without further deterioration in liver microcirculation. It is concluded that extended cold preservation and transplantation as such are not associated with lethal liver injury. However, the sinusoidal cell impairment and the liver microcirculatory disturbances, induced by both conditions combined, are important factors leading to secondary hepatic nonfunction, which might be triggered by extrahepatic events.
Abstract 4293: Notch expression expands the pre-malignant pool of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia clones without affecting self-renewal
Authors: Jessica S. Blackburn, Sali Liu, David M. Langenau
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Over 60% of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) harbor NOTCH1 activating mutations, and the cMYC pathway is also commonly activated in this disease. Notch and cMyc have been shown to collaborate in mouse transgenic models of T-ALL, suggesting that these oncogenes function in parallel pathways to enhance tumor growth; however, the exact role of each in T-ALL is unknown. Here, we show that co-expression of Notch and cMyc in zebrafish T cells significantly enhances T-ALL progression compared to cMyc or Notch alone (p&amp;lt;0.001). However, Notch co-expression with cMyc does not enhance proliferation, alter cell cycle kinetics, or modify apoptosis in leukemic cells when compared to T-ALLs expressing cMyc alone. Clonality assays using RT-PCR analyses for T-cell receptor-beta rearrangements indicate that Notch increases the number of T-ALL clones contained within the primary tumor when compared to cMyc expressing leukemais. A large portion of T-ALL clones present in primary Notch and Notch/cMyc leukemias cannot transfer disease into transplanted animals, while all cMyc-alone expressing T-ALLs clones are capable of engraftment and reinitiation of leukemia. Large scale limiting dilution cell transplantation analyses using syngeneic zebrafish demonstrated that primary T-ALLs expressing either Notch or Notch/cMyc have 10-fold less leukemia-initiating frequency when compared to T-ALLs that express only cMyc; however, following serial passaging, both the Notch and Notch/cMyc leukemias exhibit similar leukemia-initiating frequency as cMyc-induced T-ALLs, indicating that Notch signaling does not enhance self-renewal of T-ALL initiating cells. Taken together, our data supports a model where Notch expands a pool of pre-malignant T-ALL clones within the primary tumor, a subset of which acquire additional mutations to confer a fully transformed phenotype. By contrast, cMyc alone is insufficient to increase the overall pool of pre-malignant clones but confers a fully-transformed phenotype to leukemic cells, accounting for the longer latency that likely reflects the acquisition of additional genetic changes in clones. Our data may explain why a subset of relapsed human T-ALLs develop from an underrepresented clone found in the primary leukemia, in that primary human T-ALLs likely have a large pool of pre-malignant clones resulting from NOTCH-pathway activation that are unable to self-renew and thus, cannot give rise to relapsed T-ALL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4293. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4293
HPV vaccine protects against cervical abnormalities in young women, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Young women who have the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine before they start to be screened for cervical cancer have a significantly reduced risk of cervical abnormalities, a study reported in the BMJ has found.1

Research has demonstrated the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine to prevent cervical lesions associated with types of HPV, but little is known about the effectiveness of the vaccine when delivered to a broader population.

Australia was the first country to implement a publicly funded national vaccination programme in April 2007 and a catch-up programme that ran until December 2009.

To look at the effect of this programme on cervical abnormalities, researchers from Australia used data from population registers in Queensland for a four year period after the …