tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health effects of indoor fluoride pollution from coal burning in China.
Authors: M Ando, M Tadano, S Asanuma, K Tamura, S Matsushima, T Watanabe, T Kondo, S Sakurai, R Ji, C Liang, S Cao
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The combustion of high fluoride-content coal as an energy resource for heating, cooking, and food drying is a major exhaust emission source of suspended particulate matter and fluoride. High concentrations of these pollutants have been observed in indoor air of coal-burning families in some rural areas in China. Because airborne fluoride has serious toxicological properties, fluoride pollution in indoor air and the prevalence of fluorosis have been analyzed in a fluorosis area and a healthy nonfluorosis area in China and in a rural area in Japan. For human health, fluoride in indoor air has not only been directly inhaled by residents but also has been absorbed in stored food such as corn, chilies, and potatoes. In the fluorosis area in China, concentrations of urinary fluoride in the residents have been much higher than in the nonfluorosis area in China and in the rural area in Japan. In the fluorosis area, almost all elementary and junior high school students 10-15 years of age had dental fluorosis. Osteosclerosis in the skeletal fluorosis patients was very serious. Urinary deoxypyridinoline in rural residents in China was much higher than in rural residents in Japan. Data suggest that bone resorption was extremely stimulated in the residents in China and that fluoride may stimulate both bone resorption and bone formation. Because indoor fluoride from combustion of coal is easily absorbed in stored food and because food consumption is a main source of fluoride exposure, it is necessary to reduce airborne fluoride and food contamination to prevent serious fluorosis in China.
Apoptosis of Neutrophils and Their Elimination by Kupffer Cells in Rat Liver
Authors: J Shi, H Fujieda, Y Kokubo, K Wake
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The fate of neutrophils in the peripheral circulation is poorly understood. In this study, the role of Kupffer cells in eliminating aged and apoptotic neutrophils was investigated. Liver, spleen, lung, and blood samples from Wistar rats were examined by light and electron microscopy, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate–biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, and immunohistochemistry after the intravenous injection of OK–432, a streptococcal preparation. Neutrophils were trapped predominantly in the periportal and midzonal regions of hepatic lobules and were in contact with endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, or were surrounded by Kupffer cells. The trapping of neutrophils peaked after 6 hours. Apoptotic neutrophils, with or without buds, were found in the lumen of hepatic sinusoids as early as 6 hours, reached maximal levels after 12 hours, and represented greater than 60% of the total number of neutrophils in the liver. The presence of apoptotic neutrophils was correlated with the degree of neutrophil phagocytosis. Double–staining showed that TUNEL–positive neutrophils were phagocytosed or encircled by ED1– or ED2–positive Kupffer cells. In contrast, apoptosis and phagocytosis of neutrophils were rare in the spleen, lung, and peripheral blood. These results suggested that the appearance of apoptotic neutrophils in the hepatic sinusoids and their rapid clearance by Kupffer cells occurs after the invasion of bacteria (i.e., bacteremia or bacteriotoxemia) or the release of inflammatory mediators into the blood stream. These findings have important implications for the regulation of neutrophil homeostasis, the limitation of inflammation and tissue injury, and provide insight into the physiological removal of circulating, senescent neutrophils.
Contraception Is a Fundamental Primary Care Service
Authors: Dana R. Gossett, Jessica W. Kiley, Cassing Hammond
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis From Methimazole During Adrenal Steroid Therapy for Malignant Exophthalmos
Authors: Charles E. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Jaundice, thought to be induced by methimazole, developed in a 54-year-old woman while she was receiving large doses of corticosteroids for malignant exophthalmos. Liver biopsy, taken seven days after the jaundice appeared, showed eosinophilic infiltration in the portal areas which disappeared when use of the drug was discontinued. Four previous cases of hepatitis from methimazole are reviewed and special attention is directed to the occurrence of a "hypersensitivity" drug hepatitis in a patient receiving large doses of corticosteroids.
Histone deacetylases mediate the silencing of miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Deepa Sampath, Chaomei Liu, Karthik Vasan, Melanie Sulda, Vinay K. Puduvalli, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating
Journal: Blood (2011)
Activation of the NF‐κB system in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Ewa A. Jankowska, Stephan von Haehling, Anna Czarny, Ewa Zaczynska, Agnieszka Kus, Stefan D. Anker, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Imatinib Compared with Interferon and Low-Dose Cytarabine for Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Stephen G. O'Brien, François Guilhot, Richard A. Larson, Insa Gathmann, Michele Baccarani, Francisco Cervantes, Jan J. Cornelissen, Thomas Fischer, Andreas Hochhaus, Timothy Hughes, Klaus Lechner, Johan L. Nielsen, Philippe Rousselot, Josy Reiffers, Giuseppe Saglio, John Shepherd, Bengt Simonsson, Alois Gratwohl, John M. Goldman, Hagop Kantarjian, Kerry Taylor, Gregor Verhoef, Ann E. Bolton, Renaud Capdeville, Brian J. Druker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Imatinib, a selective inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, produces high response rates in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who have had no response to interferon alfa. We compared the efficacy of imatinib with that of interferon alfa combined with low-dose cytarabine in newly diagnosed chronic-phase CML.
Does continuing medical education in general practice make a difference?
Authors: P. Cantillon, R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Continuing medical education (CME) has undergone enormous changes in recent years in terms of its theoretical base, the methodologies used, and the expectations of what it should deliver. It has become an increasingly important concern for governments and patients as well as doctors. As reaccreditation and quality assurance programmes have become more widespread, the effectiveness of continuing medical education in changing clinical behaviour has come under closer scrutiny. Davis defines continuing medical education as “any and all the ways by which doctors learn after formal completion of their training.”1 Grant and Stanton distinguish between continuing medical education and continuing professional development.2 Continuing medical education is seen as representing a more teacher based, didactic style whereas continuing professional development implies a more learner centred and self directed approach to learning. These terms are used interchangeably in the literature. For the purposes of this article we will refer to all postgraduate educational events as continuing medical education. In this review we aim to describe some forces for change in continuing medical education, to summarise the findings of systematic reviews of continuing medical education, and to examine the effectiveness of postgraduate continuing medical education in general practice in particular. Do educational interventions based on general practice change doctors' behaviour and improve patient outcomes? ### Summary points
P2-044: Lapatinib increases cytotoxicity against gefitinib-resistant T790M lung cancer cells by inhibiting active heterodimerization of EGFR and HER-2
Authors: Hwang-Phill Kim, Tae-You Kim, Sae-Won Han, Seock-Ah Im, Yung-Ju Bang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Trichophyton soudanense infection in two white families
Authors: Z. HARARI, B. SOMMER, A. FEINSTEIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Trichophyton soudanense infection in two white families Get access Z. HARARI, Z. HARARI Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University Medical School, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. SOMMER, B. SOMMER Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University Medical School, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. FEINSTEIN A. FEINSTEIN Department of Dermatology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University Medical School, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 3, 1 March 1973, Pages 243–244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07541.x Published: 01 March 1973 Article history Accepted: 02 September 1972 Published: 01 March 1973
Local receptor revision and class switching to IgE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: P. Gevaert, K. T. Nouri‐Aria, H. Wu, C. E. Harper, P. Takhar, D. J. Fear, F. Acke, N. De Ruyck, G. Banfield, H. H. Kariyawasam, C. Bachert, S. R. Durham, H. J. Gould
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ( NP ) and allergic rhinitis ( AR ) is characterized by local Th2 inflammation and up‐regulation of IgE; however, IgE in NP is ‘polyclonal’ and allergen specific, whereas IgE in AR is ‘oligoclonal’ and allergen specific. Germinal center ( GC ) reactions occur in AR , while only the formation of GC ‐like structures in NP is described. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of local IgE production, class switch recombination, and receptor revision in NP . Methods We compared the levels of local IgE, germline gene transcripts, and mature Ig mRNA expression, recombination activating gene (RAG1 and RAG2), key markers of Th2 inflammation, and GC reactions in NP tissue vs AR and control tissue. Nasal mucosa was immunostained for the co‐expression of RAG1 and RAG2 in B cells, plasma cells, and T cells, using dual or triple immunofluorescence (IF). Results In NP, local IgE level and key markers of local class switching are increased compared with AR and normal controls (NC). In NP, switch circle transcripts reveal ongoing local class switch recombination to IgE. Up to 30% of B cells, plasma cells, and T cells in nasal polyps re‐express both RAG1 and RAG2, required for receptor revision. RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA concentrations are increased in NP and correlated with the magnitude of inflammation and the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin (superantigen)‐specific IgE in the nasal polyp mucosa. Conclusion Our results provide the first evidence of local receptor revision and class switching to IgE, and B‐cell differentiation into IgE‐secreting plasma cells in NP .
Prospective Study of Heart Rate Variability and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: James Nolan, Phillip D. Batin, Richard Andrews, Steven J. Lindsay, Paul Brooksby, Michael Mullen, Wazir Baig, Andrew D. Flapan, Alan Cowley, Robin J. Prescott, James M.M. Neilson, Keith A.A. Fox
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have a continuing high mortality. Autonomic dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiac death in CHF. UK-HEART examined the value of heart rate variability (HRV) measures as independent predictors of death in CHF. Methods and Results —In a prospective study powered for mortality, we recruited 433 outpatients 62±9.6 years old with CHF (NYHA functional class I to III; mean ejection fraction, 0.41±0.17). Time-domain HRV indices and conventional prognostic indicators were related to death by multivariate analysis. During 482±161 days of follow-up, cardiothoracic ratio, SDNN, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and serum sodium were significant predictors of all-cause mortality. The risk ratio for a 41.2-ms decrease in SDNN was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.16 to 2.44). The annual mortality rate for the study population in SDNN subgroups was 5.5% for &gt;100 ms, 12.7% for 50 to 100 ms, and 51.4% for &lt;50 ms. SDNN, creatinine, and serum sodium were related to progressive heart failure death. Cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, the presence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and serum potassium were related to sudden cardiac death. A reduction in SDNN was the most powerful predictor of the risk of death due to progressive heart failure. Conclusions —CHF is associated with autonomic dysfunction, which can be quantified by measuring HRV. A reduction in SDNN identifies patients at high risk of death and is a better predictor of death due to progressive heart failure than other conventional clinical measurements. High-risk subgroups identified by this measurement are candidates for additional therapy after prescription of an ACE inhibitor.
History of medicine in Gibraltar.
Authors: C Montegriffo
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Netilmicin (N-ethyl sissomicin) is a semisynthetic derivative of sissomicin, which is apparently much less ototoxic than gentamicin or the other aminoglycosides. There is conflicting evidence as yet about nephrotoxicity. It has a similar spectrum to sissomicin (although weight for weight less active against Ps aeruginosa) with the important exception that it is resistant to some of the resistance enzymes. Its spectrum against resistant strains is not as wide as that of amikacin but is wider than gentamicin, sissomicin, or tobramycin. It will be undergoing clinical trials in Britain soon.
Transvenous, Transmediastinal, and Transthoracic Ventricular Pacing:
Authors: ALAN S. BRENNER, GALEN S. WAGNER, S. T. ANDERSON, ROBERT A. ROSATI, JAMES J. MORRIS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Two hundred and five patients who received a total of 247 electrode systems-129 transvenous, 68 transmediastinal and 50 transthoracic-are compared after complete uniform two-year follow-up. The transvenous patients had low hospital morbidity (19%) and short hospital stays (75% ≤ 8 days) but a high incidence of electrode failure by 24 months (38%). The transmediastinal and transthoracic patients had more hospital complications (35% and 34%) and longer periods of hospitalization (57% and 70% &gt; 8 days) but fewer instances of failure by 24 months (16% and 11%). Most transvenous electrode failures were secondary to dislodgement. Transmediastinal right epicardial electrodes had the unique problem of threshold elevation and failure between six and 12 months after implantation as well as a high incidence of sudden death in this same period. Although the high incidence of endocardial electrode instability dictates the need for an alternative approach to permanent pacing, the failure of the transmediastinal approach to significantly alter postoperative morbidity (as compared with transthoracic electrodes) and the incidence of threshold elevation remote from right ventricular implantation suggest that limitation of thoracotomy (via the transmediastinal approach) should not take precedence over left ventricular implantation. Development of electrodes which would provide more permanent low resistance fixation to right ventricular endocardium or epicardium may be necessary before the transthoracic approach can be abandoned.
Beta-receptor mechanisms in the superficial limb veins of the dog
Authors: Michael M. Webb-Peploe, John T. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The lateral saphenous vein of dogs was perfused at constant flow with autologous arterial blood, and perfusion and femoral vein pressures were monitored; changes in the difference between these pressures were due to changes in venomotor activity. Injection of isoproterenol into the perfusate caused the vein to dilate. The amount of dilatation depended on smooth muscle tension in the wall of the vein before injection. When this was minimal (after sympathectomy), isoproterenol had no effect. During venoconstriction produced by electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain or by the infusion of venoconstrictor drugs, the dilating action of 0.1 mg of isoproterenol was measured. Expressed as a percentage of the initial constriction caused by sympathetic stimulation, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 1 M potassium chloride, the extent of the dilatation was 86.7+/-4.3 (SE of mean), 79.7+/-4.2, and 87.7+/-3.2, respectively. With norepinephrine and epinephrine infusions, the isoproterenol dilatations were less (65.1+/-9.0 and 55.2+/-7.2, respectively), consistent with the stimulant action of these agents on both alpha and beta receptors; such action was confirmed by comparing the responses to nerve stimulation and infusions of norepinephrine and epinephrine before and after betareceptor blockade. The venoconstriction caused by sympathetic stimulation and by infusions of norepinephrine and epinephrine was greatly enhanced by cooling the vein (decreasing perfusate temperature), but the dilating action of isoproterenol appeared to be insensitive to changes in temperature. The data suggest that beta receptors are specific entities and, when maximally stimulated, are capable of causing a venous relaxation that is proportional to the initial degree of tension in the vein wall.
Cultivation of "difficult" viruses from patients with common colds.
Authors: D. A. Tyrrell, M. L. Bynoe, B. Hoorn
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Viruses can often be isolated from patients with common colds by inoculating their nasal secretions into tissue cultures, but more viruses can be propagated by inoculating such secretions into organ cultures of human embryo nasal or trach?al epithelium (Tyrrell and Bynoe, 1965 ; Hoorn and Tyrrell, 1966). Many of the viruses which grow in organ cultures can be recognized in the laboratory. We have made preliminary reports (Tyrrell and Bynoe, 1966 ; Tyrrell, 1967) of studies on a collection of nasal washings. We now wish to make a full report, and in this paper we describe the cultivation of still more viruses by further experiments in which a modified tech nique of organ culture was used.
A novel streptococcal surface protease promotes virulence, resistance to opsonophagocytosis, and cleavage of human fibrinogen
Authors: Theresa O. Harris, Daniel W. Shelver, John F. Bohnsack, Craig E. Rubens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important human pathogen. In this study, we sought to identify mechanisms that may protect GBS from host defenses in addition to its capsular polysaccharide. A gene encoding a cell-surface–associated protein (cspA) was characterized from a highly virulent type III GBS isolate, COH1. Its sequence indicated that it is a subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease homologous to streptococcal C5a peptidases and caseinases of lactic acid bacteria. The wild-type strain cleaved the α chain of human fibrinogen, whereas a cspA mutant, TOH121, was unable to cleave fibrinogen. We observed aggregated material when COH1 was incubated with fibrinogen but not when the mutant strain was treated similarly. This suggested that the product(s) of fibrinogen cleavage have strong adhesive properties and may be similar to fibrin. The cspA gene was present among representative clinical isolates from all nine capsular serotypes, as revealed by Southern blotting. A cspA– mutant was ten times less virulent in a neonatal rat sepsis model of GBS infections, as measured by LD50 analysis. In addition, the cspA– mutant was significantly more sensitive than the wild-type strain to opsonophagocytic killing by human neutrophils in vitro. Taken together, the results suggest that cleavage of fibrinogen by CspA may increase the lethality of GBS infection, potentially by protecting the bacterium from opsonophagocytic killing.
Importance of changes in adipose tissue insulin resistance to histological response during thiazolidinedione treatment of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Amalia Gastaldelli, Stephen A. Harrison, Renata Belfort-Aguilar, Lou Jean Hardies, Bogdan Balas, Steven Schenker, Kenneth Cusi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Pioglitazone treatment improves insulin resistance (IR), glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, and necroinflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Because abnormal lipid metabolism/elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are important to the pathophysiology of NASH, we examined the impact of pioglitazone therapy on adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR) during the treatment of patients with NASH. To this end, we assessed glucose/lipid metabolism in 47 patients with impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes mellitus and NASH and 20 nondiabetic controls. All individuals underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in which we measured glucose tolerance, IR, and suppression of plasma FFAs. We also measured Adipo-IR index (fasting, FFAs x insulin), hepatic fat by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and liver histology (liver biopsy). Patients were randomized (double-blind) to diet plus pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months, and all measurements were repeated. We found that patients with NASH had severe Adipo-IR and low adiponectin levels. Fasting FFAs were increased and their suppression during the OGTT was impaired. Adipo-IR was strongly associated with hepatic fat (r= 0.54) and reduced glucose clearance both fasting (r=0.34) and during the OGTT (r=0.40, all P <0.002). Pioglitazone significantly improved glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P<0.01-0.001 versus placebo). Fasting/postprandial plasma FFAs decreased to levels of controls with pioglitazone (P<0.02 versus placebo). Adipo-IR decreased by 47% and correlated with the reduction of hepatic fat (r=0.46, P=0.009) and with the reduction in hepatic necroinflammation (r=0.47, P=0.0007).Patients with NASH have severe Adipo-IR independent of the degree of obesity. Amelioration of Adipo-IR by pioglitazone is closely related to histological improvement and plays an important role during treatment of patients with NASH.
Increased Lung Cancer Risk among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Yang-Hao Yu, Chien-Chang Liao, Wu-Huei Hsu, Hung-Jen Chen, Wei-Chih Liao, Chih-Hsin Muo, Fung-Chang Sung, Chih-Yi Chen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Lung Scan and First-Pass Radionuclide Angiography Appearance in Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: MICHELE ROY, MARK SMILOVITCH, JERRY STERN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 47-year-old man had acute onset of chest pain and a systolic heart murmur. Dilitation of the main pulmonary artery was seen on radionuclide blood flow imaging and was associated with a defect on perfusion lung imaging. He was subsequently found to have pulmonic stenosis.