tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONTEMPO '87 Crushes Disturbs, Saddens, Amazes, and Disappoints
Authors: Michael S. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a member of the American Medical Association and a practicing plastic surgeon, I read with great interest the CONTEMPO '87 series of "state of the specialty" essays.<sup>1</sup>I am saddened and amazed that<i>JAMA</i>chose to ignore the specialty of plastic surgery for the second year in a row. This is especially surprising when one considers the important and innovative contributions made by plastic surgeons in the fields of microsurgical free-tissue transfer, skin allografting and skin substituting, care of complex congenital and traumatic craniofacial deformities, and functional muscle transfer. In the same issue, an essay was included about innovations made in the field of otolaryngology, citing tissue expansion and the pectoralis flap as new contributions, referencing 1986 journal articles. The tissue expander was developed by Radovan<sup>2</sup>and presented to the plastic surgery community more than ten years ago, and modifications and new applications have
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR IN-VIVO MEASUREMENT OF REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW, OXYGEN UTILISATION, AND BLOOD VOLUME IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: RonaldP. Beaney, Terry Jones, AdriaanA. Lammertsma, ChristopherG. Mckenzie, KeithE. Halnan
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
New consultant contract: the shelf or the bin?
Authors: D Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1979)

2000 g or less, four died (111 1 per 1000).These figures compare favourably with those for England and Wales for 1974 quoted in the article.Yet they were achieved with only two incubators and devoted care from hardpressed nurses and, especially, the mothersthey invariably remain in hospital, breastfeeding, until their babies are ready for discharge.On the other side of the coin, of six live-born infants weighing 1500 g or less, three died; and in this group the benefits of intensive care may be more evident.But I venture to suggest that the results achieved with slightly larger babies with minimum facilities might give food for thought to those who would transfer from the parents to technology the care of increasing numbers of low-birth-weight babies.
SPATIAL CLUSTERING OF NON-OBSTRUCTIVE PLAQUE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY: A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY OF 3,330 SYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING 64-DETECTOR ROW CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Fay Lin, Daniel S. Berman, Leslee J. Shaw, Sunaina Koduru, Israel Guerrero, Troy LaBounty, Jin-Ho Choi, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Augustin J. Delago, Tracy Q. Callister, James K. Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A chronic epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a comprehensive school.
Authors: P D Mohr, M J Bond
Journal: BMJ (1982)

An epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a modern comprehensive school affected 60 teenage girls and three boys, who from September 1978 to June 1980 had a total of 447 blackouts. The chronic nature of the epidemic was unusual, and several reasons for this emerged. The visible impact of the epidemic was diluted by the large size of the school and because affected pupils used general-practitioner services and hospital departments in the neighbourhood. As a result, eight received inappropriate treatment for epilepsy, and this may have helped to establish the behaviour pattern within the school. In addition, a small core of eight girls with a high incidence of behaviour and family problems were repeatedly affected and may have acted as triggers for new cases. Once medical supervision was centered on one neurology outpatient clinic the epidemic gradually resolved.
Inactivation of <i>Apc</i> in the Mouse Prostate Causes Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Katia J. Bruxvoort, Holli M. Charbonneau, Troy A. Giambernardi, James C. Goolsby, Chao-Nan Qian, Cassandra R. Zylstra, Daniel R. Robinson, Pradip Roy-Burman, Aubie K. Shaw, Bree D. Buckner-Berghuis, Robert E. Sigler, James H. Resau, Ruth Sullivan, Wade Bushman, Bart O. Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Alterations of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway are positively associated with the development and progression of human cancer, including carcinoma of the prostate. To determine the role of activated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in mouse prostate carcinogenesis, we created a mouse prostate tumor model using probasin-Cre-mediated deletion of Apc. Prostate tumors induced by the deletion of Apc have elevated levels of beta-catenin protein and are highly proliferative. Tumor formation is fully penetrant and follows a consistent pattern of progression. Hyperplasia is observed as early as 4.5 weeks of age, and adenocarcinoma is observed by 7 months. Continued tumor growth usually necessitated sacrifice between 12 and 15 months of age. Despite the high proliferation rate, we have not observed metastasis of these tumors to the lymph nodes or other organs. Surgical castration of 6-week-old mice inhibited tumor formation, and castration of mice with more advanced tumors resulted in the partial regression of specific prostate glands. However, significant areas of carcinoma remained 2 months postcastration, suggesting that tumors induced by Apc loss of function are capable of growth under conditions of androgen depletion. We conclude that the prostate-specific deletion of Apc and the increased expression of beta-catenin associated with prostate carcinoma suggests a role for beta-catenin in prostate cancer and offers an appropriate animal model to investigate the interaction of Wnt signaling with other genetic and epigenetic signals in prostate carcinogenesis.
757 HIGH RATES OF HBSAG SEROCONVERSION AFTER TREATMENT WITH INTERFERON ALFA IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH UNDETECTABLE HBVDNA
Authors: H.B. Yu, Z.H. Cao, Y.H. Zhang, L.N. Ma, B. Ma, Y.L. Liu, Y. Jin, X.D. Zhang, H. Wu, X.Y. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Liver Function and Illicit Opioid Use
Authors: William Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Laboratory evidence of hepatic dysfunction has been reported in up to 75% of parenteral opioid users.<sup>1</sup>Additionally, studies to evaluate the persistence of abnormal liver functions in the absence of continued illicit opioid use suggest that many addicts have a long-term intermittent serum hepatitis,<sup>2,3</sup>which Sapira et al<sup>4</sup>refer to as "CASH" (chronic addiction serum hepatitis). Generally, the reports concerning the prevalence of hepatic abnormalities and parenteral opioid addiction are drawn from observations on small patient populations. Our retrospective review was undertaken to assess the reliability of reported prevalence data when a larger subject population is studied. Six-hundred three subjects having a history of opioid dependency for two years or more were reviewed for laboratory evidence of abnormal liver function at the time of their admission to the Illinois Drug Abuse Program (IDAP). Laboratory evidence was considered to be present if any one
Proinflammatory phenotype with imbalance of KLF2 and RelA: Risk of childhood stroke with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Judy Enenstein, Liming Milbauer, Evidio Domingo, Alexandra Wells, Mark Roney, Jim Kiley, Peng Wei, Robert P. Hebbel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Altered inflammation signaling within the cerebral vasculature may be an important risk factor for stroke in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). This study examines how differential expression of NFkappaB/p65 (RelA), KLF2, and other transcription factors may act as switches in inflammation signaling leading to observed differences between non-SCA (NS) African Americans and African Americans with SCA who are either at risk (AR) or not at risk (NAR) of childhood stroke based on occurrence of Circle of Willis disease. Clover/Transfac analysis was used to identify overrepresented transcription factor binding motifs on genes associated with inflammation. Transcription factor binding motifs for the NFkappaB family and RFX1 were overrepresented on inflammation signaling gene set analysis. Variations in protein expression were determined by flow cytometry of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from NS, AR, and NAR donors and Western blots of protein extracts from both unstimulated and TNFalpha/IL1beta-stimulated BOECs. BOECs from patients with SCA had more cytoplasmic-derived RelA compared with NS BOECs. Sickle BOECs also had heightened responses to inflammatory stimuli compared with NS BOECs, as shown by increased nuclear RelA, and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) response to TNFalpha/IL1beta stimulation. Multiple control points in RelA signaling were associated with risk of childhood stroke. The ratio of proinflammatory factor RelA to anti-inflammatory factor KLF2 was greater in BOECs from AR donors than NS donors. Group risk of childhood stroke with SCA was greatest among individuals who exhibited increased expression of proinflammatory transcription factors and decreased expression of transcription factors that suppress inflammation.
Enhanced nitric oxide synthase activity in portal hypertensive rabbits
Authors: Paul A. Cahill, Cory Foster, Eileen M. Redmond, Cindy Gingalewski, Yuping Wu, James V. Sitzmann
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Portal hypertension (PHT) is characterized by splanchnic hyperemia caused by a reduction in mesenteric vascular resistance. Mediators of this hyperemia include nitric oxide (NO). This is based on several reports indicating a marked splanchnic hyporesponsiveness in PHT to vaso-constrictor stimuli, both in vitro and in vivo, and a subsequent reversal using specific inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS). The objective of this study was to determine directly if the generation of NO is altered in PHT vasculature. Thus, we compared NOS activity in the hyperemic vasculature of normal rabbits and rabbits with PHT (after undergoing partial portal vein ligation). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase staining indicated the presence of NOS within the vascular endothelium. Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity was significantly increased (P < .05) in PHT particulate fractions from the superior mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta, but not from the portal vein. There was no change in NOS activity within the cytosolic fractions. Arterial wall cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels and plasma nitrite levels were both significantly increased in PHT. These results show enhanced NOS activity in PHT hyperemic vessels concurrent with increased tissue cGMP levels. We conclude that enhanced NO synthesis contributes to the hyperdynamic circulation of PHT.
Cryopreservation of spermatozoa: a 1996 review
Authors: D Royere
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

Both the ability to freeze human spermatozoa and the possibility of pregnancy following intrauterine insemination have existed for >40 years. There have been a number of improvements during that time concerning the methods of freezing and thawing human spermatozoa. Initially, the use of the cryoprotective properties of glycerol allowed a major improvement; subsequently, changes were mainly empirical. It was a long time before specific cryobiological studies were undertaken. However, the necessity for these became apparent with the partial recovery or sometimes loss of motility after freezing either subfertile semen before chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or spermatozoa collected from non-physiological situations (epididymal or testicular spermatozoa). The main trends in improvement have defined end-points other than the percentage of motility recovery or the assessment of ultrastructural damage. More sensitive criteria of the objective assessment of motility, energy status, damage to the plasma membrane or to subcellular elements, chromatin stability and chromosomal damage have been proposed as complementary end-points to better assess sperm cryopreservation. A different approach was related to the biochemical environment and physical conditions imposed on spermatozoa during the freezing and thawing process. Biochemical changes were assessed following different combinations of various extenders which attempted either to better preserve some parameter or to avoid the tendency towards drastic increase in osmotic pressure. Analysis of physical conditions was linked to the rate of cooling, freezing ad warming, and was based on cryobiological studies. Finally, even though such improvements are not negligible, many questions remained unanswered. The extensive use of frozen spermatozoa during assisted reproductive techniques, together with the development of assisted fertilization using surgically collected spermatozoa, creates the need for additional studies to improve the cryopreservation of human spermatozoa.
Severe hypoglycaemia during physical exercise and treatment with beta-blockers.
Authors: G Holm, J Herlitz, U Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Oesophageal hold-up of tablets taken without water has been shown radiologically and is particularly likely if gastro-oesophageal reflux or hiatus hernia is present and the patient assumes a supine posture immediately after ingestion.3Anatomically the oesophagus is indented
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents
Authors: Timothy H. Monk
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  We are writing to express surprise at the conclusions that Deaconson et al 1 draw from their study entitled Sleep Deprivation and Resident Performance.  There are a number of good reasons why the particular performance battery chosen by the authors might not be sensitive enough to detect sleep-deprivation effects. Most notable are the following: (1) The extremely brief duration of the component tests (eg, one minute for the Baddeley Grammatical Reasoning Test). The literature has shown longduration tests to be the ones sensitive to sleep-deprivation effects. (2) The time of day when tested (between 6 AM and 8 AM), which coincides with the alerting phase of the circadian system (biologic clock); more major effects might have appeared had testing been between 2 PM and 3 PM, which coincides with the postlunch dip. (3) The probable (though unreported) morning intake of caffeine, which would certainly have improved
The CCL14 derivative NNY-CCL14 prevents the recruitment of eosinophils and lymphocytes and airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: J. Elsner, B. Fuchs, R. Bälder, S.E. Escher, A. Heitland, W. Forssmann, A. Braun, U. Forssmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Inhibition of Renin Release by Vasopressin and Angiotensin
Authors: R. D. Bunag, I. H. Page, J. W. McCubbin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

Vasopressin and angiotensin inhibited release of renin induced by lowered renal perfusion pressure. This action could not be related to a measurable haemodynamic change produced by either peptide; in some experiments with vasopressin there was no change in either systemic pressure or renal blood flow. The angiotensin analogues, angiotensin diamide and alanine7 angiotensin II, had no effects on arterial pressure, renal blood flow, or renin release; neither did mixtures of all of the amino acids present in the angiotensin molecule. Oxytocin did not affect renin release when infused in the same doses found to be effective for vasopressin.
One of the CD3ε Subunits within a T Cell Receptor Complex Lies in Close Proximity to the Cβ FG Loop
Authors: Yoseph Ghendler, Alex Smolyar, Hsiu-Ching Chang, Ellis L. Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

A recent crystal structure of the N15 α/β-T cell receptor (TCR) in complex with an Fab derived from the H57 Cβ-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) shows the mAb fragment interacting with the elongated FG loop of the Cβ domain. This loop creates one side wall of a cavity within the TCR Ti-α/β constant region module (CαCβ) while the CD and EF loops of the Cα domain form another wall. The cavity size is sufficient to accommodate a single nonglycosylated Ig domain such as the CD3ε ectodomain. By using specific mAbs to mouse TCR-β (H57) and CD3ε (2C11) subunits, we herein provide evidence that only one of the two CD3ε chains within the TCR complex is located in close proximity to the TCR Cβ FG loop, in support of the above notion. Moreover, analysis of T cells isolated from transgenic mice expressing both human and mouse CD3ε genes shows that the heterologous human CD3ε component can replace the mouse CD3ε at this site. The location of one CD3ε subunit within the rigid constant domain module has implications for the mechanism of signal transduction throughout T cell development.
<i>The Ball on Shipboard</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The nouveau riche and the chic Parisians who people thepaintings of JamesTissot (1836-1902) take ona life of theirownoncetheyappearoncanvas, sovividly rendered are their insouciant selves, and their stories providedelightful episodesof 19th-century soapopera.Although thenarratives painted by Tissot would on occasion stir the Victorian status quo, they couldnotmatch thedramas thatmadeuphis own colorful, unpredictable life. Tissot’s childhood did not presage any such excitement, ashewasborn inNantes, France, to a fatherwhodealt indraperies, andamotherwhowasamillinerydesigner.Hismerehad deepreligiousconvictions thatwould in timeprofoundlyaffect Tissot’s artistic journey. Tissot was no doubt exposed to the hustle andbustleof thebusyNantesharbor, andnautical backdrops would make an appearance in many a future waterscape. Tissot toyedwith the ideaof being an architect but settled on being an artist, traveling to Paris in 1856 or 1857 to study with academic painter Louis Lamothe.Althoughhemayhave put inabrief appearanceat theEcoledesBeaux-Arts,hemoved to exhibiting at the Salon in 1859. Tissot was influenced by Henri Leys, a Belgian painter of historical-style pictures, and his earlyworkwascharacterizedbydarker,more somber tones andmedieval-appearing subjects. Around1863, thehistorical flavorofTissot’sworkmorphed intoagenremore favoredbyhisaudience, ie,peopleandscenes frommoremodernFrench life. Anexceptional exampleof the youngFrench fashionistas featured inhisworks isYoungLady in a Boat, which pictures a youngwomanwith jaunty striped ribbons inherbonnet aboarda small greenboatwithherperky pug along for the ride. In 1870 the onset of war between France and Prussia would result in Tissot’s serving in the Garde Nationale. Tissot provided illustrations, some of which were war-related, for British magazine Vanity Fair, the editor of which was Thomas Gibson Bowles. The war was followed by a civil
Value of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients With Normal Resting Electrocardiograms
Authors: Rory Hachamovitch, Daniel S. Berman, Hosen Kiat, Ishac Cohen, John D. Friedman, Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The incremental value and cost-effectiveness of stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is of unclear added value over clinical and exercise treadmill testing data in patients with normal resting ECGs, a patient subset known to be at relatively lower risk. Methods and Results — We identified 3058 consecutive patients who underwent exercise dual isotope SPECT, who on follow-up (mean, 1.6±0.5 years; 3.6% lost to follow-up) were found to have 70 hard events (2.3% hard-event rate). Survival analysis used a Cox proportional hazards model, and cost-effectiveness was determined by the cost per hard event identified by strategies with versus without the use of SPECT. In this cohort, a normal study was associated with an exceedingly low hard-event rate (0.4% per year) that increased significantly as a function of the SPECT result. After adjusting for pre-SPECT information, exercise stress SPECT yielded incremental value for the prediction of hard events (χ 2 52 to 85, P &lt;0.001) and significantly stratified patients. In patients with intermediate to high likelihood of coronary artery disease after exercise treadmill testing, a cost-effectiveness ratio of $25 134 per hard event identified and a cost of $5417 per reclassification of patient risk were found. Subset analyses revealed similar prognostic, and cost results were present in men, women, and patients with and without prior histories of coronary artery disease. Conclusions — Stress SPECT yields incremental prognostic value and enhanced risk stratification in patients with normal resting ECGs in a cost-effective manner. These findings are opposite those of previous studies examining anatomic end points in this same population and thus, if confirmed, have significant implications for patient management.
Asymmetric Submandibular Gland Uptake of 1-123 MIBG Mimicking A Chemodectoma
Authors: TESSHOU MIKI, MASAYUKI NAKAJO, YOSHIAKI NAKABEPPU, RYUJI YONEKURA, YUJI MATSUMOTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

1-123 MIBG imaging performed on a 45-year-old man suspected of having pheochromocytoma revealed an abnormal uptake in the left submandibular region suggesting a chemodectoma. It was confirmed to be the uptake of 1-123 MIBG in the left submandibular gland by Tc-99m pertechnetate salivary gland imaging and x-ray CT. The right small submandibular gland produced this asymmetrical uptake of 1-123 MIBG.
Atypical Pulmonary Eosinophilia Is Mediated by a Specific Amino Acid Sequence of the Attachment (G) Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Paul W. Tebbey, Michael Hagen, Gerald E. Hancock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

We analyzed the immune responses evoked by a series of overlapping peptides to better understand the molecular basis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein-induced eosinophilia in BALB/c mice. In vitro stimulation of spleen cells from natural G protein-primed mice showed dominant proliferative and cytokine (interferon [IFN]-gamma and interleukin [IL]-5) responses to a peptide encompassing amino acids 184-198. Mice vaccinated with peptide 184- 198 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin showed significant pulmonary eosinophilia (39.5%) after challenge with live RSV. In contrast, mice immunized with a peptide (208-222) conjugate associated with induction of IFN-gamma secreting spleen cells did not exhibit pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge. The in vivo depletion of CD4(+) cells abrogated pulmonary eosinophilia in mice vaccinated with the peptide 184-198 conjugate, whereas the depletion of CD8(+) cells had a negligible effect. Therefore, we have identified an association between peptide 184- 198 of natural G protein and the CD4(+) T cell-mediated induction of pulmonary eosinophilia after live RSV challenge. Out of 43 human donors, 6 provided peripheral blood mononuclear cells that showed reactivity to G protein from RSV A2, 3 of which responded to peptide 184- 198. The results have important implications for the development of a vaccine against RSV.
Health services and drugs industry have collapsed in Syria, agency says
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Medical aid agency Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has called for an urgent agreement to allow international aid to reach civilians across war torn Syria, where health services and the pharmaceutical industry have collapsed.

In a report entitled Syria two years on: the failure of international aid so far , MSF, one of the few international organisations operating inside Syria, documents the deterioration of the country’s once high standard health system.1 Hospitals and doctors have become political targets; and secret, makeshift medical units in private homes, farms, and caves have struggled to cope.

United Nations organisations and some aid agencies have been allowed to provide aid in government held areas only, and aid must all be channelled through the Syrian Red Crescent, which is tightly controlled by the regime. Few …