tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Wylie J. Dodds, John Dent, Walter J. Hogan, James F. Helm, Richard Hauser, Ganesh K. Patel, Mark S. Egide
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We evaluated the mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in 10 patients with reflux esophagitis and compared the results with findings from 10 controls. The patients had more episodes of reflux (35±15 in 12 hours, as compared with 9±8 in the controls) and a lower pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (13±8 mm Hg as compared with 29±9 in the controls) (P<0.001). Reflux occurred by three different mechanisms: transient complete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, a transient increase in intra-abdominal pressure, or spontaneous free reflux associated with a low resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. In controls 94 per cent of reflux episodes were caused by transient sphincter relaxation. In the patients 65 per cent of episodes of reflux accompanied transient sphincter relaxation, 17 per cent accompanied a transient increase in intra-abdominal pressure, and 18 per cent occurred as spontaneous free reflux. The predominant reflux mechanism in individual patients varied: some had normal resting sphincter pressure and reflux that occurred primarily during transient sphincter relaxation, whereas others with low resting sphincter pressures had spontaneous free reflux or reflux that occurred during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1547–52.)
Abstract 309: RSK2 mediates NF-κB activity through the phosphorylation of IκBα in the TNF-R1 pathway
Authors: Yong Yeon Cho, Cong Peng, WeiYa Ma, Ann Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) mediates proliferation, survival, and malignant transformation. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) results in the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes and is mediated by I-kappaB kinases (IKKs). IKK(α/β) phosphorylates IκBα at Ser32/Ser36 in the presence of TNF-α to induce IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential role of RSK2 in mediating TNF-α-induced signaling. Notably, we found that RSK2 is activated by TNF-α and directly phosphorylates IκBα at Ser32 leading to IκBα degradation to promote the activation and translocation of the NF-κB subunits, p65 and p50, to the nucleus. This resulted in increased NF-κB activity, which served as a mechanism for RSK2 blockage of TNF-α induction of apoptosis and enhanced cell survival. Thus a new kinase that directly phosphorylates IκBα to promote its degradation is identified in TNF-R1 pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 309.
THE USE OF ASTRINGENTS IN GONORRHEA
Authors: P. S. Pelouze
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have recently seen several cases of prolonged gonorrhea in which the symptoms were practically negligible, but from which the gonococcus could be obtained in smears after many months of treatment. I think the time is ripe to raise a voice against the recently revived use of astringents in the treatment of this disease. The advertising propaganda of the manufacturers of zinc borosalicylate has done much to interest many physicians in the use of this preparation. The smooth and easy course of the disease from the patient's standpoint has done much to popularize the plan. Compared with the general cycle of the disease, it is but natural that physicians would be interested in a thing that quickly relieves the patient of his greatest annoyance—the urethral discharge. That it generally does this there can be no doubt, as the patients I have seen who have been the victims
Lack of motivation to share intentions: Primary deficit in autism?
Authors: Eline Verbeke, Wilfried Peeters, Inneke Kerkhof, Patricia Bijttebier, Jean Steyaert, Johan Wagemans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We review evidence regarding Tomasello et al.'s proposal that individuals with autism understand intentions but fail socially because of a lack of motivation to share intentions. We argue that they are often motivated to understand others but fail because they lack the perceptual integration skills that are needed to apply their basically intact theory of mind skills in complex social situations.
Patch Test Cabinet.
Authors: I. Marttn-Scott
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article Patch Test Cabinet. Get access I. Marttn‐Scott I. Marttn‐Scott London, W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1 February 1965, Pages 112–113, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14612.x Published: 01 February 1965
Disinfecting the Clinical Thermometer
Authors: M. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1966)

disease, and in children to bacteraemia with fatal termination.The questions for which we seek an answer are therefore these: How unusual are these mycobacteria, (1) in their distribution in the environment, (2) in their laboratory identifi- cation, and (3) as an important aetiological factor in human disease ?-I am, etc.,
DELAYS IN TIME TO REPERFUSION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: Jeff Booker, Anthony Hilliard, Chris Bjerke, Heather Wiste, Ryan Lennon, Malcolm Bell, Charanjit Rihal, Bernard Gersh, David Holmes, Henry Ting
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Psychometric Theory Is an Obstacle to the Progress of Clinical Research
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Chiara Ruini, Chiara Rafanelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

Psychometric theory is the basis for the development of assessment instruments in psychiatric research. However, the psychometric model appears to be largely inadequate in the clinical setting because of its lack of sensitivity to change and its quest for homogeneous components. Clinimetrics offers a viable alternative to psychometrics, both from a conceptual and a methodological viewpoint. Current diagnostic entities (DSM) are based on clinimetric principles, but their use is still influenced by psychometric models. Suggestions for switching gears in assessment research are offered.
Topical Use of Tripelennamine in Urologic Procedures
Authors: Frank G. Sheddan, Paul-Marcel Belanger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE need for a relatively nontoxic topical anesthetic agent in cystoscopy becomes apparent when one checks the literature on the various reactions1 2 3 4 5 reported with the anesthetics now in use. Our own experience has also indicated this need.Since the mucous membrane of the urethra has a highly efficient absorbing surface manifestations of toxicity have occurred with disturbing frequency after application of certain local anesthetics.6 In some patients sensitivity to available local anesthetics has even made it necessary to carry out urethral manipulations without the use of such agents.6 Recently, in an eighty-three-year-old man with renal-cell carcinoma, 10 cc. of a . . .
The Clinical Pattern of Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopians
Authors: Frances T Lester
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Records of 849 consecutive diabetic Ethiopians revealed that 171 had type I diabetes, 462 type II nonobese, 210 type II obese, and 4 drug-induced. Undernutrition (BMI &amp;lt; 18 kg/m2) was present in 12.9% of patients. Forty percent of all patients require insulin; ketoacidosis has occurred in 7.8%. Diabetes was present 10 yr or less in 73%, only 11% have been diabetic more than 15 yr, and none more than 32 yr. During 7 yr, 66 (7.8%) are known to have died. Renal failure caused 30.3% of known deaths, and ketoacidosis 3%. About 4% of those diabetic 6–10 yr have a clinically significant complication. The incidence of “diabetic triopathy” rose rapidly after 10 yr. Of those diabetic 16–20 yr, 27.7% had nephropathy, 27.7% neuropathy, and 33.3% retinopathy. Hypertension was seen in 12.1% of patients without nephropathy. Cataracts were seen in 1.4% of new diabetic patients, rising to 40.7% in those diabetic more than 20 yr. Peripheral vascular disease was uncommon and myocardial infarctions occurred in eight patients. Thus, “diabetic triopathy,” hypertension, and cataracts are frequent in and after the second decade of diabetes in Ethiopians.
Death from Inhibition, and its Relation to Shock
Authors: A. I. Kayssi
Journal: BMJ (1948)

URNAL131(b) There is some justification for the removal of the appen- dix, since it is not above suspicion as the point of entry of the infective element in the colitis.(c) To find out early in the course of the disease whether the ascending colon is free from the disease, because in this case the prognosis is much brighter and early operation is justifiable.(d) To ascertain the type and severity of the ulcerative colitis with a view to planning its treatment.Is it a case which medical treatment will not cure ?I think this judgment can be made:
Evaluation for Coronary Artery Disease and Medicare Spending
Authors: Ron Blankstein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Publishing cardiac surgery mortality rates: lessons for other specialties
Authors: B. Bridgewater, G. L. Hickey, G. Cooper, J. Deanfield, J. Roxburgh
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Society for Cardiothoracic Surgeons in Great Britain and Ireland has been reporting outcome data for named surgeons since 2005. <b>Ben Bridgewater and colleagues</b> discuss their experiences and the implications for other specialties
Cross-National Study of the Extent of Anti-Anxiety/Sedative Drug Use
Authors: Mitchell B. Balter, Jerome Levine, Dean I. Manheimer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract National samples of respondents in nine Western European countries were asked identical questions about their use of anti-anxiety/sedative drugs during the past year and about their general attitude toward tranquilizers. The proportion of persons who used anti-anxiety/sedative drugs on one or more occasions varied from 17 per cent in Belgium and France to 10 per cent in Spain. In almost every country the percentage of females who had used anti-anxiety/sedative drugs was approximately twice that of males. Persons 45 years of age and over were over-represented among drug users in all countries in relation to their presence in the national population. The rank order of the countries on attitude toward tranquilizers was poorly correlated with rank order on use rates. However, within each country there was a sharp difference in attitude between users and nonusers. Independent data place the United States in a middle position among the nine countries surveyed on use of anti-anxiety/sedative drugs. (N Engl J Med 290:769–774, 1974)
Partly PEGylated polyamidoamine dendrimer for tumor-selective targeting of doxorubicin: The effects of PEGylation degree and drug conjugation style
Authors: Saijie Zhu, Minghuang Hong, Guotao Tang, Lili Qian, Jiayuan Lin, Yanyan Jiang, Yuanying Pei
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Richard Doll's socialism did not please everyone
Authors: Caroline Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation New on-call rotas do not workEditor-Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors' shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 1 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side.Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what I think makes a liveable on-call rota.I was under the impression that the European Working Time Directive was set out to improve the health and safety of workers, make working conditions better, but also make life away from work better because doctors would be less tired.The directive scores a "no" against all of these.I find myself more tired at work and at home, less enthusiastic, and less motivated by what is becoming a regular chore.Instead of being on call once a week, I find myself doing an on-call shift two or three times a week (on average), being late home more often than not because fewer juniors are around, and spending less time with my young children.The "old" rota system of a 24 hour oncall, with at least six on a rota, made on-call shifts less frequent, more tolerable, and even enjoyable.It also left plenty of time for training, and so long as there were six or more on rota, it made the annual leave far more flexible and workable.Anaesthetists rarely complained, certainly compared with other specialties' rotas, and everyone knew that however busy, you were always going to go home to a full day off in the morning.Why not listen to those doing the rota, and affected family members, and respect within reason what the workers want to work.
Effects of in vitro PUVA on human leukocyte function
Authors: A. BREDBERG, A. FORSGREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Human polymorphonuclear and monomorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL and MMNL) were exposed in vitro to 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, o'I-80 μg/ml) and/or UV-A radiation (o'o3-2 J/cm2) and then analysed for the following functions: chemotaxis, bactericidal activity and proliferation in response to mitogen stimulation. The functions of PMNL became depressed only at a high PUVA dose level (about 20 μg/ml of 8-MOP plus 2 J/cm2 of UV-A), whereas with MMNL chemotaxis was inhibited at I μg/ml of 8-MOP plus 2 J/cm2 of UV-A and lymphocyte proliferation was diminished at 0.1 μg/ml plus 0·1 J/cm2. Since with the MMNL, as compared with the PMNL, a longer time period was present between PUVA exposure and analysis, and since no difference between these cell types in trypan blue exclusion could be seen, the relative sensitivity of the MMNL functions was taken as evidence of DNA damage being a mechanism for the observed PUVA-induced effects.
Parvalbumin gene delivery improves diastolic function in the aged myocardium in vivo
Authors: Daniel E. Michele, Michael L. Szatkowski, Faris P. Albayya, Joseph M. Metzger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Abnormal relaxation of the heart, termed diastolic dysfunction, is a significant and growing problem that is a major cause of heart failure in the aged population. The potential of gene transfer of parvalbumin (Parv), a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein, to improve diastolic function in the aged myocardium in vivo was evaluated. Despite evidence for an early developmental influence on the efficiency of Ad5 striated muscle transduction, results show that Ad5 gene transfer efficiency to adult cardiac myocytes in vitro is identical in young and old rats, suggesting that the basic processes of adenovirus binding and internalization are unaffected by aging. In contrast, Ad5-mediated Parv gene transfer to the myocardium in vivo is reduced in old rats compared to young rats. Nonetheless, Parv gene transfer and expression in vivo were sufficient to improve tau, a load-independent indicator of diastolic function, assessed using catheter-based micromanometry in the aged myocardium. These results suggest that expression of the calcium buffer Parv may represent an effective approach to functional correction of the failing heart in the aging.
General practice fundholding: observations on prescribing patterns and costs using the defined daily dose method.
Authors: M Maxwell, D Heaney, J G Howie, S Noble
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To compare prescribing patterns between a group of fundholding practices and a group of non-fundholding practices in north east Scotland using a method which provides more accurate statements about volumes prescribed than standard NHS statistics. DESIGN--The pharmacy practice division of the National Health Service in Scotland provided data for selected British National Formulary sections over two years. Each prescription issued was converted using the World Health Organisation "defined daily dose" mechanism. SETTING--Six fundholding groups (nine practices) in Grampian and Tayside regions and six non-fundholding practices in Grampian. RESULTS--During the past two years both fundholding and control practices reduced the volume of their prescribing for the classes of drug analysed. The unit costs of drugs in some classes, however, rose substantially, contributing to higher costs per patient. The unit costs rose more in the control practices (24%) than in the fundholding practices (11% in Tayside, 16% in Grampian). CONCLUSION--The use of defined daily doses helped identify cost and volume trends in specific areas of prescribing in fundholding and control practices. The basis on which funds are set needs improving, and defined daily doses may prove useful for setting volume targets within drug classes for all practices, whether fundholding or not.
Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health inequalities: relative or absolute material standards?
Authors: R. G Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

That mortality in developed countries is affected more by relative than absolute living standards is shown by three pieces of evidence. Firstly, mortality is related more closely to relative income within countries than to differences in absolute income between them. Secondly, national mortality rates tend to be lowest in countries that have smaller income differences and thus have lower levels of relative deprivation. Thirdly, most of the long term rise in life expectancy seems unrelated to long term economic growth rates. Although both material and social influences contribute to inequalities in health, the importance of relative standards implies that psychosocial pathways may be particularly influential. During the 1980s income differences widened more rapidly in Britain than in other countries; almost a quarter of the population now lives in relative poverty. The effects of higher levels of relative deprivation and lower social cohesion may already be visible in mortality trends among young adults.



A “feel bad” factor in the health divide?

TONY WALLIS



The existence of wide-and widening-socioeconomic differences in health shows how extraordinarily sensitive health remains to socioeconomic circumstances. Twofold, threefold, or even fourfold differences in mortality have been reported within Britain, depending largely on the social classification used.1 2 3 This series will illustrate some of the most important mechanisms involved in the generation of these differences.

Fundamental to understanding the causes of these differences in health is the distinction between the effects of relative and absolute living standards. Socioeconomic gradients in health are simultaneously an association with social position and with different material circumstances, both of which have implications for health-but which is more important in terms of causality? Is the health disadvantage of the least well off part of the population mainly a reflection of the direct physiological effects of lower absolute material standards (of bad …
The transcription factors STAT5A/B regulate GM-CSF–mediated granulopoiesis
Authors: Akiko Kimura, Michael A. Rieger, James M. Simone, Weiping Chen, Mark C. Wickre, Bing-Mei Zhu, Philipp S. Hoppe, John J. O'Shea, Timm Schroeder, Lothar Hennighausen
Journal: Blood (2009)
Asymmetric hearing loss and tinnitus
Authors: G. Kontorinis, J. A. Crowther
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 56 year old man was referred by his general practitioner with a 10 year history of progressive hearing loss and tinnitus, mainly in his right ear. He did not describe otalgia or dizziness. After thinking about it more carefully, however, he admitted that he occasionally felt slightly unsteady but had attributed this to tiredness. His medical history was otherwise unremarkable, and there was no family history of deafness.

Clinical examination showed normal tympanic membranes bilaterally, with unremarkable pharynx and nasal cavity. There were no obvious neurological deficits, and clinical balance tests, including Romberg’s test, Unterberger’s test, and head impulse tests, were normal. Audiological assessment confirmed moderate right sensorineural hearing loss in all frequencies and a mild drop in high frequencies in the left ear.

Because of the asymmetry of his symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and internal auditory canal was performed (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Axial magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and internal auditory canal. (A) T2 weighted image, (B) non-contrast T1 weighted image, (C) post-gadolinium T1 weighted image





### 1. What does the MRI scan show?

#### Short answer

Figure 1 shows a well delineated lesion of the right internal auditory canal extending into the cerebellopontine angle. The lesion is hypointense on T2 weighted imaging (A), isointense on non-contrast T1 weighted imaging (B), and it enhances strongly on T1 weighted imaging after administration of intravenous contrast (C).

#### Long answer

The axial MRI shows a well defined lesion (arrow) arising from the right internal auditory meatus and extending about 1.5 cm into the cerebellopontine angle (fig 2⇓). The lesion seems to abut the brainstem (white X) and the cerebellum (white star), without compressing them. It is characteristic …
Symposium on the Hand
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>The Hand</i>is the title of the third symposium sponsored by the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, held at Stanford University in March 1970. Contributors to this program include many recognized American leaders in surgery of the hand and several from abroad. Such enticing chapter titles as "The Great Flexor Tendon Controversy," by Joseph Boyes, and "Island Pedicle Gymnastics," by Earle Peacock, are interspersed with titles somewhat more prosaic including "Congenital Malformations," "Nerve Injuries," "The Arthritic Hand," "Silicone Prostheses," "Wound Closure," "Burns," "Postoperative Care," "Tenolysis," "Dupuytren's Contracture," "Replantation," and others. Two features stand out in this volume. One is the unrehearsed discussion at the conclusion of each presentation in which the panel of experts as well as members of the audience are able to probe deeper into the authors' thinking, to elaborate specific details in speakers' and audience experience, and to take the opportunity