tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effect of Atropine During Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sidney Richman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Intravenously administered atropine sulfate is commonly used for the control of bradycardias during myocardial infarction. There is increasing evidence that this may not be beneficial to the patient and that serious arrhythmias may be produced. Atropine has also been demonstrated to increase the area of ischemia during myocardial infarction in dogs, but this has not been well documented in humans. It is suggested that atropine be used cautiously during myocardial infarction, and only when the hemodynamic situation clearly warrants its use or when a serious cardiac arrhythmia exists. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1414-1416, 1974)
Prediction of Cancer Driver Mutations in Protein Kinases
Authors: Ali Torkamani, Nicholas J. Schork
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

A large number of somatic mutations accumulate during the process of tumorigenesis. A subset of these mutations contribute to tumor progression (known as "driver" mutations) whereas the majority of these mutations are effectively neutral (known as "passenger" mutations). The ability to differentiate between drivers and passengers will be critical to the success of upcoming large-scale cancer DNA resequencing projects. Here we show a method capable of discriminating between drivers and passengers in the most frequently cancer-associated protein family, protein kinases. We apply this method to multiple cancer data sets, validating its accuracy by showing that it is capable of identifying known drivers, has excellent agreement with previous statistical estimates of the frequency of drivers, and provides strong evidence that predicted drivers are under positive selection by various sequence and structural analyses. Furthermore, we identify particular positions in protein kinases that seem to play a role in oncogenesis. Finally, we provide a ranked list of candidate driver mutations.
Evidence, Lack of Evidence, Controversy, and Debate in the Provision and Performance of the Surgery of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Robert S. Bonser, Aaron M. Ranasinghe, Mahmoud Loubani, Jonathan D. Evans, Nassir M.A. Thalji, Jean E. Bachet, Thierry P. Carrel, Martin Czerny, Roberto Di Bartolomeo, Martin Grabenwöger, Lars Lonn, Carlos A. Mestres, Marc A.A.M. Schepens, Ernst Weigang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The IL-6–gp130–STAT3 pathway in hepatocytes triggers liver protection in T cell–mediated liver injury
Authors: Christian Klein, Torsten Wüstefeld, Ulrike Assmus, Tania Roskams, Stefan Rose-John, Michael Müller, Michael P. Manns, Mattias Ernst, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Increasing evidence demonstrates that IL-6 has a protective role during liver injury. IL-6 activates intracellular pathways via the gp130 receptor. In order to identify IL-6–gp130 pathways involved in mediating liver protection, we analyzed hepatocyte-specific gp130 knockout mice in a concanavalin A–induced (Con A–induced) model of immune-mediated hepatitis. We demonstrated that IL-6–gp130–dependent pathways in hepatocytes alone are sufficient for triggering protection in Con A–induced hepatitis. gp130-STAT3 signaling in hepatocytes mediates the IL-6–triggered protective effect. This was demonstrated by analysis of IL-6–induced protection in mice selectively deficient for gp130-dependent STAT1/3 or gp130-SHP2-RAS signaling in hepatocytes. To identify IL-6–gp130–STAT1/3 dependently expressed liver-protective factors, we performed gene array analysis of hepatic gene expression in hepatocyte-specific gp130–/– mice as well as in gp130-STAT1/3– and gp130-SHP2-RAS-MAPK–deficient mice. The mouse IL-8 ortholog KC (also known as Gro-α) and serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) was identified as differentially IL-6–gp130–STAT3–regulated genes. Hepatic expression of KC and SAA2 mediate the liver-protective potential of IL-6, since treatment with recombinant KC or serum SAA2 effectively reduced liver injury during Con A–induced hepatitis. In summary, this study defines IL-6–gp130–STAT3–dependent gene expression in hepatocytes that mediates IL-6–triggered protection in immune-mediated Con A–induced hepatitis. Additionally, we identified the IL-6–gp130–STAT3–dependent proteins KC and SAA2 as new candidates for therapeutic targets in liver diseases.
Finding order in our world: The primacy of the concrete in neural representations and the role of invariance in substance reidentification
Authors: Bruce J. MacLennan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

I discuss neuroscientific and phenomenological arguments in support of Millikan's thesis. I then consider invariance as a unifying theme in perceptual and conceptual tracking, and how invariants may be extracted from the environment. Finally, some wider implications of Millikan's nondescriptionist approach to language are presented, with specific application to color terms.
High-Dose Nicotine Patch Therapy
Authors: Lowell C. Dale
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the level of nicotine replacement, evidence of nicotine toxicity, and withdrawal symptom relief with placebo and 11-, 22-, and 44-mg/d doses of transdermal nicotine. A secondary objective was to assess short- and long-term smoking cessation rates.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled inpatient/outpatient trial.Seventy-one cigarette smokers stratified according to light (n = 23), moderate (n = 24), and heavy (n = 24) smoking rates.After baseline measures were obtained, subjects were randomly assigned to placebo or an 11-, 22-, or 44-mg/d dose of transdermal nicotine and admitted to a special hospital unit for intensive inpatient treatment of nicotine dependence. During the 6-day inpatient stay, daily nicotine and cotinine levels were determined from trough and peak blood samples. Outpatient patch therapy continued for 7 weeks following the hospital stay, and those initially assigned to placebo were randomly assigned to 11 or 22 mg/d. At week 4, the dosage of those initially assigned to 44 mg/d was reduced to 22 mg/d.Percentage of replacement of cotinine was calculated by dividing the steady-state levels attained during patch therapy by the corresponding baseline levels. Abstinence from smoking was verified by expired air carbon monoxide. Withdrawal symptoms and nicotine toxicity were assessed daily through questionnaires during the inpatient stay. Follow-up visits were at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.There was a statistically significant relationship between baseline smoking rate and baseline trough and peak blood cotinine levels (rs = 0.39, rs = 0.45; P < .001 in both instances). A dose-response relationship was observed with higher patch doses, which produced a higher percentage of cotinine replacement and better withdrawal symptom relief. Only one subject (a light smoker assigned to the 44-mg dose) developed signs of nicotine toxicity. There was a positive association between the week 2 patch dose and the biochemically confirmed abstinence at the end of patch therapy (P = .007) but not for subsequent follow-up times. A higher percentage of cotinine replacement was associated with the higher 8-week smoking abstinence rate (P = .03), an association not found at long-term follow-up.A 44-mg/d dose of nicotine patch therapy appears to be safe for use in heavy smokers. Cigarette smoking rates can be used to estimate the initial nicotine patch dose. Monitoring blood cotinine levels at baseline and steady state can be used for assessing the adequacy of nicotine replacement. Withdrawal symptom relief can be improved with more complete nicotine replacement. Achieving a greater percentage of nicotine replacement may increase the efficacy of nicotine patch therapy.
Analysis of the matrix metalloproteinase family reveals that MMP8 is often mutated in melanoma
Authors: Lavanya H Palavalli, Todd D Prickett, John R Wunderlich, Xiaomu Wei, Allison S Burrell, Patricia Porter-Gill, Sean Davis, Chenwei Wang, Julia C Cronin, Neena S Agrawal, Jimmy C Lin, Wendy Westbroek, Shelley Hoogstraten-Miller, Alfredo A Molinolo, Patricia Fetsch, Armando C Filie, Michael P O'Connell, Carolyn E Banister, Jason D Howard, Phillip Buckhaults, Ashani T Weeraratna, Lawrence C Brody, Steven A Rosenberg, Yardena Samuels
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Hyponatremia among Runners in the Boston Marathon
Authors: Christopher S.D. Almond, Andrew Y. Shin, Elizabeth B. Fortescue, Rebekah C. Mannix, David Wypij, Bryce A. Binstadt, Christine N. Duncan, David P. Olson, Ann E. Salerno, Jane W. Newburger, David S. Greenes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Hyponatremia has emerged as an important cause of race-related death and life-threatening illness among marathon runners. We studied a cohort of marathon runners to estimate the incidence of hyponatremia and to identify the principal risk factors.
Physicians and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. What patients think about human immunodeficiency virus in medical practice
Authors: B. Gerbert
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Are patients concerned about going to a physician who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or one who is treating HIV-infected patients? To answer these questions, we surveyed a nationwide sample of 2000 interviews (response rate, 75%). Forty-five percent of all respondents believed that physicians who were HIV infected should not be allowed to continue to practice. More than half of those who had seen a physician in the past 5 years said they would change physicians if they knew their physician were HIV infected, while one fourth said they would seek care elsewhere if their physician were treating people with HIV disease. These data suggest that patients are concerned about HIV in their physicians' offices. The American Medical Association recommends that HIV-infected physicians continue to practice as long as there is no risk to their patients. Physicians and the public need to be educated about this policy and its appropriateness. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1969-1972)
THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHIATRY IN ENGLAND UNDER THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE, 1948-1959
Authors: A. SPENCER PATERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In conclusion I should like to say that in America and Britain psychiatrists are striving towards the same goal, for we are trying to give the best possible psychiatric treatment to the greatest number of citizens who require it. In Britain however it was decided after the war to conduct the struggle against mental illness at the National level. I have therefore attempted to give you some account of how far our efforts have succeeded and of how far in doing so , we have preserved our ancient tradition of professional freedom.
Risk Factors for Corneal Graft Failure and Rejection in the Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies
Authors: Maureen G. Maguire, Walter J. Stark, John D. Gottsch, R. Doyle Stulting, Alan Sugar, Nancy E. Fink, Ann Schwartz
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)

To evaluate comprehensively the magnitude of suspected risk factors for corneal graft failure from any cause, failure from rejection, and immunologic reaction in patients at high risk for graft failure after corneal transplantation.The records of the 457 participants in the Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies were reviewed. All participants had at least two quadrants of stromal vascularization and/or a history or previous graft rejection. Patients were followed for 2 to 5 years. Characteristics of the patient, study eye, donor, donor-recipient histocompatibility, and surgical procedure were examined for their association with the graft outcomes of failure from any cause, rejection failure, and immunologic reaction. Multivariate survival analysis techniques were used to estimate rates of graft outcome events and to estimate the magnitude of risk factors.Many apparent risk factors did not maintain their association with graft outcomes after adjustment for other risk factors. Young recipient age, the number of previous grafts, history of previous anterior segment surgery, preoperative glaucoma, quadrants of anterior synechiae, quadrants of stromal vessels, a primary diagnosis of chemical burn, and blood group ABO incompatibility were among the strongest risk factors identified for graft failure. Donor and corneal preservation characteristics had little influence on graft outcome.Risk of graft failure varies substantially, even within a high-risk population. The number of risk factors present should be considered by the patient and surgeon when contemplating transplantation and planning follow-up.
ATROVASTATIN UTILIZES AUTOPHAGY ACTIVATION TO PROTECT MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AGAINST HYPOXIA AND SERUM DEPRIVATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS VIA AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE/MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN PATHWAY
Authors: Qian Zhang, Yue-Jin Yang, tianjie wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Light Touch Thresholds in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Magelende R McBride, Charlotte M Mistretta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

To determine whether touch acuity is altered in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes, tactile thresholds on the pad of the index finger of 32 diabetic and 27 nondiabetic subjects were compared. A set of modified Von Frey hairs was used to present touch stimuli in a forced-choice tracking procedure that controls for subject response bias. The mean tactile threshold of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of nondiabetic subjects, although the difference between the two groups is small. Within the diabetic group, decreased tactile acuity was associated with a longer duration of disease diagnosis, presence of insulin therapy, and low-digit temperature. However, reported presence or absence of peripheral sensory symptoms (tingling, numbness, etc.) in diabetic patients did not relate to touch thresholds. The small but significant increase in touch threshold that was observed in diabetic individuals may provide an early indication of sensory neuropathy. Further use of threshold determinations will contribute to our understanding of sensory changes that accompany diabetes.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Spontaneously Occurring Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Philip R. Fox, Si-Kwang Liu, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Necropsy studies in domestic cats have suggested the occurrence of a primary cardiac disease resembling hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans. We used two-dimensional echocardiography to define morphological and functional features of HCM during life in 46 domestic cats evaluated in a subspecialty veterinary clinic. Cats were 8 months to 14 years old (mean, 6 years).During the follow-up period of as long as 49 months, 18 cats died (or were euthanatized) due to congestive heart failure, peripheral embolization, or both, and 3 other cats experienced out-of-hospital sudden, unexpected death. Echocardiography showed a small left ventricular cavity, associated with a variety of patterns of hypertrophy. Wall thickening was most often diffuse (involving ventricular septum and free wall) in 31 cats (67%) and segmental in 15 (33%), including 12 with thickening confined to anterior septum; wall thickening was judged to be asymmetrical in 42 and symmetrical (concentric) in 4. In 30 cats (65%), marked mitral valve systolic anterior motion produced dynamic obstruction to left ventricular outflow (Doppler estimated gradients, 25 to 110 mm Hg). Compared with survivors, cats with HCM that died with heart failure had greater left ventricular thickness (8.1 +/- 1.5 versus 7.3 +/- 0.9 mm; P < .05) and larger left atria (20.1 +/- 4.6 versus 16.8 +/- 3.4 mm; P = .01) and more often had the nonobstructive form (89% versus 48%; P < .01).A spontaneously occurring disease of domestic cats was identified by echocardiography and was similar in its phenotypic expression to HCM in humans; it was characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy in a variety of patterns with or without evidence of outflow obstruction. Unfavorable prognosis was associated with greater magnitude of hypertrophy and absence of outflow obstruction. Feline HCM may prove to be a valuable animal model of the human disease.
War Fractures treated by Closed Method
Authors: J. Truet
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Advance in the treatment of compound fractures has always been secured by the experience gained in time of war.Only in wars are fractures sufficient in number to permit a study of all the problems involved.This was evident in the great war, the last-great conflagration which preceded the war in Spain.In the twenty years that have elapsed since the end of the great war progress has, however, been maintained because of the increase of casualties due to road and industrial accidents.For this rgason the outbreak of the Spanish War found the study of injuries more advanced than at the end of the great war.Compound fractures in war may be produced by various projectiles: bullets fired from rifles or machine-guns, artillery fire, and aerial bombs.Injuries from aerial bombs are always more destructive than others, even gunshot wounds, so that in this paper I shall give special attention to air raid injuries because of the gravity of the lesions.Treatment of open fractures is not merely treatment of the bone but of the wound.Bone should be con- sidered as organic tissue which reacts similarly to other tissues, so that the fracture is only a wound of the bone.Treatment of the wound is then the principal part of treatment of open fracture.
Demonstration of Pericardium by Radionuclide Angiocardiography in the Presence of Pericardia! and Pleural Effusions
Authors: Ren-Shyan Liu, Shin-Hwa Yeh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Perfused pericardium was demonstrated by Tc-99m pertechnetate angiocardiography in a patient of chronic glomerulonephritis with hemopericardium and pleural effusion.
Case 29-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, James C. McFarland, Nancy L. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 46-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a question of pericarditis.There was a 17-year history of diabetes mellitus, treated in recent years with acetohexamide. The patient had taken hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene for many years because of hypertension. He was a business executive. Two years before admission he was reported to have a small myocardial infarct, although two subsequent stress tests gave normal results. Three months before entry he had a five-day illness characterized by fever, chills, cough, and arthralgia, which subsided spontaneously. One month later fever recurred, and he was admitted . . .
Evaluation of Rare Choroid Plexus Metastasis From Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Fathima Fijula Palot Manzil, Luvenia Wilcox Bender, Johnny W. Scott
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of thyroid gland. Though it metastasizes primarily through lymphatics, hematogenous spread is not infrequent. We report the case of a 62-year-old male patient with intraventricular choroid plexus metastasis from PTC, incidentally detected on post-high-dose radioiodine therapy whole-body I scan, which is an extremely rare presentation. Only 3 cases of choroid plexus metastasis from thyroid carcinoma have been reported. Further multimodality radiological investigations confirmed diagnosis and helped in assessing treatment response. The patient received gamma-knife stereotactic radiosurgery, and follow-up radiological imaging suggested improvement of intracranial metastasis.
850. Concurrent Delivery of GM-CSF and B7-1 Using an Oncolytic Adenovirus Elicits Potent Anti- Tumor Effect on the Growth Established B16-F10 Tumor Model
Authors: Min-Ju Kim, Kyung-Ju Choi, Yoon-A Kang, Oh-Joon Kwon, Pyung-Hwan Kim, Chae-Ok Yun, Joo-Hang Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Coupling the lytic function of an oncolytic adenovirus with its ability as a transgene delivery system represents a powerful extension of this methodology. A clear advantage is the amplification of a therapeutic gene, as replicating vectors would be able to infect and deliver the gene of interest to neighboring cells. To increase the anti-tumor effect of an oncolytic adenovirus, we have generated an E1B 55kDa deleted oncolytic adenoviral vector, YKL-GB that expresses both GM-CSF and B7-1. The therapeutic efficacy of YKL-GB adenovirus was evaluated in immunocompetent mice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 tumors.
Commentary: Possible road to efficiency in the health service
Authors: C Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The NHS at last seems ready to use economics as a framework for setting priorities. Cohen points to two main reasons why this is the case. Firstly, the advent of the purchaser-provider split has, among other things, led to a clearer definition of roles; explicit priority setting is now less easily avoided by purchasers. Secondly, some sensible person in the Welsh Office has offered guidance on how to set priorities. This process requires the use of economics techniques. Will England and Scotland follow suit?

The data free environment of the NHS should not prevent the use of economics as a framework within which less tangible costs and benefits are included alongside those which are tangible. This allows explicit observation of the trade offs made as a result of decisions to expand or contract a service. Cohen's work is an important example of such use of the economic framework.

The economics approach is not, however, free of problems.

Marginal analysis takes time. A team approach is required, with a change in focus from firefighting to more considered analysis carried out in enough time to be relevant to setting contracts.

Marginal analysis …
Organizing Intracerebral Hematoma Mimicking a Recurrent Brain Tumor on FDG-PET
Authors: Satoshi Nakajima, Tomohisa Okada, Yoshiki Arakawa, Yoshiki Mikami, Kaori Togashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A man underwent resection of low-grade astrocytoma, followed by radiation therapy at the age of 14 years old. He had been followed up for 33 years with no finding of recurrent disease on brain images until the most recent CT and MRI scans showed a mass at the postoperative site in the left parieto-occipital lobe. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed increased uptake in the mass. Resection was conducted, and microscopic examination of the whole mass demonstrated an organizing hematoma. A provisional diagnosis of organizing hematoma should be considered, along with other benign and malignant causes of increased FDG uptake.
Lesion isolation by circumferential submucosal incision prior to endoscopic mucosal resection (CSI-EMR) substantially improves en bloc resection rates for 40-mm colonic lesions
Authors: A. Moss, M. Bourke, K. Tran, C. Godfrey, G. McKay, A. Chandra, S. Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Moss et al., pp. 400Endoscopy 2010; 42(05): 433-434DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291855
KERATITIS BULLOSA, WITH REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: ELLET O. SISSON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

My reason for reporting this case is because it is one of great rarity. Statistics go to show that keratitis bullosa is the least frequent of all corneal troubles. It is fortunate for both the physician and the patient that such is the case, for it is one of the most painful affections that the eye is liable to, and in the majority of eases baffles all therapeutic and surgical measures adopted for its relief. The disease occurs in the eyes, the cornea of which is more or less clouded and sensitive, or in eyes with a large corneal cicatrix, or eyes which have been rendered blind by iridocyclitis or by increase of tension. Jansen<sup>1</sup>describes a primary form occurring as the result of an abrasion of the cornea by the finger-nail, a twig or some such object. But the majority of cases are secondary and occur as the