tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Ambivalence toward fatness and its origins
Authors: A. Crisp
Journal: BMJ (1997)

At this distance the diagnoses cannot be absolutely certain, despite the extraordinary details Hugh Baron has so splendidly mustered. Anorexia nervosa is supposed to be a modern disease. I believe it has been around for a long time, probably ever since postpubescent humans were capable of contemplating their newly awakened adult destiny, experiencing it as unwelcome and linked to their recent growth. One response, then as now, might have been, through the mechanism of reversal of that growth, to eliminate the related burgeoning panic stemming from a sense of imminent alienation, disgrace, or longer term danger and decay. Then again, the condition is rare indeed in males, though one of Morton's two original case descriptions, which are almost certainly of what today we would call anorexia nervosa, was in a male subject.1

Byron undoubtedly had a persistent severe eating disorder. Moreover, it was clearly powerfully driven and maintained by his fear of …
Prognostic Implications of Electroencephalographic Findings of Hypsarrhythmia in First Year of Life
Authors: E. Friedman, G. Pampiglione
Journal: BMJ (1971)

One hundred and five children who had shown the electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) features of hypsarrhythmia in the first year of life (1956-62) were assessed in 1969 in respect of death and mental development. Irrespective of the presenting symptomatology, and to some extent irrespective of therapy, mortality in the group was of the order of one in four (mostly before the age of 3 years) and the incidence of mental subnormality in the survivors was 77%. Only 18 children attained fairly normal standards of mental development and could attend ordinary schools. It seems that whatever the clinical picture at the time, the presence of hypsarrhythmia in the E.E.G. of an infant is a physical sign of grave prognostic implications.
Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease With Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Richard T. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The addition of Doppler principles to two-dimensional echocardiography has revolutionized the noninvasive evaluation of valvular heart disease. Doppler techniques allow precise measurements of blood flow velocity at different locations in the heart and great vessels, so that many aspects of hemodynamics can now be measured noninvasively. These techniques are particularly useful for the quantitative assessment of valvular stenosis; both valve areas and transvalvular gradients may be determined. Doppler echocardiography (particularly with color flow mapping) is also useful for the qualitative assessment of valvular regurgitation. By understanding the uses and limitations of Doppler echocardiography, physicians may now confidently follow up patients with mild or moderate valvular disease with serial noninvasive studies, avoiding the risks of cardiac catheterization in many patients.
Importance of long-duration postoperative ST-segment depression in cardiac morbidity after vascular surgery
Authors: G. Landesberg, M.H. Luria, S. Cotev, L.A. Eidelman, H. Anner, M. Mosseri, D. Schechter, J. Assaf, J. Erel, Y. Berlatzky
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors regulate hallmarks of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation and function
Authors: Marjolein Meinders, Divine I. Kulu, Harmen J. G. van de Werken, Mark Hoogenboezem, Hans Janssen, Rutger W. W. Brouwer, Wilfred F. J. van Ijcken, Erik-Jan Rijkers, Jeroen A. A. Demmers, Imme Krüger, Timo K. van den Berg, Guntram Suske, Laura Gutiérrez, Sjaak Philipsen
Journal: Blood (2014)
Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors: Filling the Non “MET” Gap
Authors: Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Summary: Ceritinib and other second-generation inhibitors have demonstrated promising anticancer activity in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, they can overcome resistance due to certain gatekeeper mutations acquired following crizotinib exposure. These agents now provide new options for the management of ALK-positive NSCLC. Cancer Discov; 4(6); 634–6. ©2014 AACR. See related article by Friboulet et al., p. 662
Type 2 diabetes in children
Authors: A. Fagot-Campagna
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children is an emotionally charged issue and an emerging public health problem. 1 2 Until recently most children with diabetes mellitus had type 1, one of the most common3 and increasingly prevalent4 chronic diseases in children. Increasingly, however, type 2 diabetes is being reported in children from the United States, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, New Zealand, Libya, and Bangladesh.5

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children ranges from 4.1 per 1000 12-19 year olds in the US to 50.9 per 1000 15-19 year old Pima Indians of Arizona. 1 2 Between 8% and 45% of recently diagnosed cases of diabetes among children and adolescents in the United States is type 2, and the magnitude of this disease may be underestimated. 1 2 The prevalence of the disease is on the rise in North America, and its incidence almost doubled in Japan between 1976-80 and 1991-5—from 7.3 to 13.9 per 100 000 junior high school children.5 These trends coincide with the rising prevalence of overweight and physical …
Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: P. Strazzullo, L. D'Elia, N.-B. Kandala, F. P Cappuccio
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the relation between the level of habitual salt intake and stroke or total cardiovascular disease outcome. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies published 1966-2008. <b>Data sources</b> Medline (1966-2008), Embase (from 1988), AMED (from 1985), CINAHL (from 1982), Psychinfo (from 1985), and the Cochrane Library. <b>Review methods </b>For each study, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were extracted and pooled with a random effect model, weighting for the inverse of the variance. Heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were performed. Criteria for inclusion were prospective adult population study, assessment of salt intake as baseline exposure, assessment of either stroke or total cardiovascular disease as outcome, follow-up of at least three years, indication of number of participants exposed and number of events across different salt intake categories. <b>Results</b> There were 19 independent cohort samples from 13 studies, with 177 025 participants (follow-up 3.5-19 years) and over 11 000 vascular events. Higher salt intake was associated with greater risk of stroke (pooled relative risk 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.43; P=0.007) and cardiovascular disease (1.14, 0.99 to 1.32; P=0.07), with no significant evidence of publication bias. For cardiovascular disease, sensitivity analysis showed that the exclusion of a single study led to a pooled estimate of 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34; P=0.02). The associations observed were greater the larger the difference in sodium intake and the longer the follow-up. <b>Conclusions </b>High salt intake is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke and total cardiovascular disease. Because of imprecision in measurement of salt intake, these effect sizes are likely to be underestimated. These results support the role of a substantial population reduction in salt intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Low Back Pain in Primary Care: Effectiveness of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: P. Croft
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Maurits W van Tulder, Bart W Koes, Lex M Bouter EMGO Institute, Amsterdam, 75 guilders, pp 285 ISBN 90 5669 011 6

Faced with the complex nature of low back pain, general practitioners and their patients focus on two basic questions. Is there a serious cause? If not, will any treatment help? Faced with rising costs, the policy makers focus on a different question: do any treatments reduce recurrence, chronicity, and work loss? This Dutch report adds the question: what can science contribute? The answer, so far, seems to be not much.

General practitioners screen for serious causes of low back pain by history, examination, investigation, and the passage …
The use of rabbits in male reproductive toxicology.
Authors: D Morton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The rabbit is the smallest and least expensive laboratory animal in which serial semen samples can be obtained for morphologic, biochemical, and fertility evaluation. The female rabbit has a predictable reproductive cycle and can be artificially inseminated with a known amount of sperm during fertility testing. These advantages make the rabbit an extremely valuable model for studying the effects of chemicals or other stimuli on the male reproductive system. Quantitative evaluation of the testis, semen, and accessory reproductive organs is important in order to detect subtle effects of a chemical on reproductive capacity. Evaluation of testis size, serum hormone concentrations, and the number, morphology, motility, and fertility of sperm in the ejaculate can be performed serially in the live rabbit. Weights of testes and accessory reproductive organs, estimates of daily sperm production, and histomorphometric data on the seminiferous epithelium can be obtained after sacrifice. Multinucleated spermatids, focal tubular hypospermatogenesis, swelling of spermatocytes, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in Sertoli's cells occur commonly in testes of control rabbits. These changes may be confused with toxic lesions. The incidence of multinucleated spermatids may be increased by stress associated with handling or the environment. Histomorphometric evaluation may be required to prove that a test compound has an adverse effect on the male reproductive system.
Occupational distribution of inflammatory bowel disease among German employees.
Authors: A Sonnenberg
Journal: Gut (1990)

Previous reports have shown that both Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis affect people in white collar occupations associated with higher income and higher social class more frequently than other groups in the population. This study sought to carry these analyses one step further and investigate the distribution of inflammatory bowel disease by individual occupations. The German social security statistics for 9rehabilitation9 were used to assess the occupational distribution of Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis. From 1982 to 1988, a total of 12,014 people were granted rehabilitation as a result of inflammatory bowel disease. Low male prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease was found among bricklayers, road construction workers, unskilled workers in brick and stone, unskilled labourers, and security personnel. Low rates were found among women employed in cleaning and maintenance, and in those without occupation. In contrast, a high male prevalence was found among instrument makers, electricians, bakers, and technical assistants. Among female employees, inflammatory bowel disease was significantly associated with sales representatives, office workers, health occupations, and hairdressers. These associations were found in the complete data for 1982-8 as well as in the separate data for the two half periods 1982-5 and 1986-8. Highly significant correlations between the occupational distribution of Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis were found among both male and female employees. It seems that occupations involving work in the open air and physical exercise are protective, while being exposed to air conditioned artificial working conditions or extended and irregular shift working confer a risk of contracting inflammatory bowel disease.
A Primer of Orthopaedic Biomechanics
Authors: M. Mark Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is a well-written, superbly illustrated 413-page text. It evolved from a lecture syllabus for orthopedic surgeons by the author and is illustrated by his wife. There are line drawings on most pages, and some contain as many as six.  The first segment contains 70 pages of basic physics and definitions that should be familiar to all physicians but perhaps require a review. The second and third segments are 150 pages, applying these basic concepts to the materials and biologic systems orthopedic surgeons work with. These segments are the finest portions of the text, with lucid explanations for specific problems of hardware fixation, metal failure, cartilage wear, and lubrication. A fourth 80-page segment on biomechanics is best in its discussion of joint motions and forces. The gait section is difficult reading, but a simple gait text has yet to be written. A final 60-page segment on bioelectricity seems unduly long
Genital squamous cell carcinoma in men treated by photochemotherapy. A cancer registry-based study from 1978 to 1998
Authors: F. Aubin, E. Puzenat, P. Arveux, P. Louvat, E. Quencez, P. Humbert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

One single report from the U.S. 16-centre-trial indicated that psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) therapy may induce an increased risk of genital tumours in men, and protection of the genital area is, therefore, recommended.To evaluate the relevance of this risk in routine clinical practice.Two groups of patients were included in a 1978-98 retrospective study. Case records of men with genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) identified from the Cancer Registry of the Doubs area of France were examined for a history of PUVA therapy, topical tar treatment, psoriasis, human papillomavirus infection or genital dermatitis. In addition, all the dermatologists of the Doubs area (in public and private practice) using PUVA therapy were asked to provide information on the number of patients having received PUVA therapy and whether the genital area was exposed during treatment.Between 1978 and 1998, among the 48 men who had developed a genital SCC in the Doubs area, only one had a history of intensive PUVA therapy. About 150,000 treatments with PUVA therapy had been performed by 15 dermatologists in the Doubs area for 5400 patients since 1978. No case of genital SCC had been reported, despite the fact that the genital area had not been protected during UVA exposure.Although retrospective, our study demonstrates that the occurrence of genital SCC in men treated with PUVA therapy is a very rare event in common dermatological practice.
Principles of Psychopharmacology: Textbook for Physicians, Medical Students, and Behavior-al Scientists
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The diverse therapeutic uses of tranquilizers and antidepressants have made it possible for all physicians—not only psychiatrists—to prescribe these medicines either as an antiemetic, or a potentiator of other drugs, or a calming agent, or a mood elevator. Hence, in less than two decades, the psychopharmaceuticals have been the subject of more than 50,000 scientific publications. More important, they have been so widely prescribed that there is hardly an adult anywhere who has not taken one or more of these drugs for a period ranging from a few days to as long as ten years continuously. No other group of pharmaceuticals has such a record. In view of these facts, there is a need for a comprehensive, authoritative distillate of the available data on the psychoactive drugs that can be readily understood and appreciated by unspecialized readers. This encyclopedic, well-edited volume by 71 very-qualified contributors from Europe and North America
Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent back pain: economic evaluation
Authors: S. Hollinghurst, D. Sharp, K. Ballard, J. Barnett, A. Beattie, M. Evans, G. Lewith, K. Middleton, F. Oxford, F. Webley, P. Little
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The relevance of EEG effect parameters as a measure of pharmacological effect intensity of benzodiazepines was evaluated. The concentration-EEG effect relationships of four benzodiazepine agonists, flunitrazepam, midazolam, oxazepam and clobazam, were quantified in individual rats and correlated with receptor affinity and anticonvulsant effect intensity of these compounds. Male Wistar-derived rats received a single i.v. dose of flunitrazepam (2.5 mg/kg), midazolam (5 mg/kg), oxazepam (10 mg/kg) and clobazam (20 mg/kg). Arterial blood samples were drawn frequently and EEG was monitored continuously until it had returned to preadministration levels. The concentrations of the benzodiazepines were determined by chromatographic means. Plasma protein binding was determined at 37 degrees C by ultrafiltration. The amplitudes in the 11.5 to 30 Hz frequency range, determined by aperiodic analysis, was used as EEG effect measure. Concentration-EEG effect relationships were derived by a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling procedure and characterized by the sigmoidal Emax model. The EC50 based on free drug concentrations (EC50,U, mean +/- S.E.) calculated for flunitrazepam (4.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) and midazolam (3.7 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) were similar and significantly less than the values for oxazepam (49 +/- 4 ng/ml) and clobazam (277 +/- 34 ng/ml) and illustrates the importance of using parameters referenced to unbound drug for comparative purposes. The maximal responses (Emax) for midazolam, oxazepam and clobazam were significantly less than for flunitrazepam suggesting that these three drugs may be regarded as partial agonists when compared to flunitrazepam. Receptor affinity was determined based on displacement of [3H] flumazenil in a washed brain homogenate at 37 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Whole-genome sequencing to identify transmission of Mycobacterium abscessus between patients with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Josephine M Bryant, Dorothy M Grogono, Daniel Greaves, Juliet Foweraker, Iain Roddick, Thomas Inns, Mark Reacher, Charles S Haworth, Martin D Curran, Simon R Harris, Sharon J Peacock, Julian Parkhill, R Andres Floto
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins, Richard H. Sweet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SINCE Evarts Graham1 accomplished the first successful pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung on February 27, 1933, there has been far-reaching progress in the field of cancer of the lung, including substantial gains in knowledge of the etiology, pathology, epidemiology, diagnosis and surgical treatment. No previous progress report in this journal has been limited exclusively to cancer of the lung although Scannell2 3 4 has reported liberally on the subject, with exhaustive bibliographies, in his progress articles on thoracic surgery. No effort will be made to recount all these data.PrevalenceOver the years since 1933 there has been a striking increase . . .
The Last Half Hour of the Day: An Anthology of Stories and Essays That Have Inspired Physicians
Authors: Susan Arjmand
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Some General Considerations on Vascular Reactivity
Authors: Sibley W. Hoobler, Simon Rodbard, WILLIAM HOLLANDER, SHIGERU YAGI, DIETER M. KRAMSCH
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Norepinephrine and epinephrine in pharmacological doses significantly inhibited the synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides and lipids in incubated dog arterial tissue, whereas angiotensin had no detectable effect on these metabolic functions. Although these findings suggested different metabolic effects of the catecholamines and angiotensin, differences in rates of inactivation of these agents could not be excluded as a cause for their different actions. The inactivation of angiotensin by incubated dog arterial tissue appeared to be over a hundred times more rapid than that of the catecholamines. The differences in the in vitro and the in vivo inactivation of the catecholamines are most likely related to the inability of the denervated tissue to bind, and hence inactivate, the amines. Tissue binding, rather than enzyme degradation of catecholamines, appears to be the major mechanism responsible for the rapid inactivation of the pharmacological activity of the catecholamines. It is suggested that the changes in the reactivity of the blood pressure to cold, norepinephrine, chlorothiazide, and reserpine are related to the binding of catecholamines in the tissues. It is also postulated that one of the basic disturbances in essential hypertension might be an accumulation of pharmacologically active norepinephrine in the arterioles due to insufficient binding of the amine in the tissues.
A NOVEL ENDOVENOUS APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF MASSIVE CENTRAL VENOUS OR PULMONARY ARTERIAL THROMBUS, MASS, OR VEGETATION: THE ANGIOVAC SUCTION CANNULA AND CIRCUIT
Authors: Rahul Sakhuja, Sanjay Gandhi, Robert K. Rogers, Ronan JP Margey, Michael R. Jaff, Robert Schainfeld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Review: Factor Xa inhibitors reduce DVT more than LMWH in total knee or hip replacement
Authors: Robert Bona
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Neumann I, Rada G, Claro JC, et al. Oral direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:710-9. 22412038
Assessing the value of diagnostic tests: a framework for designing and evaluating trials
Authors: L. Ferrante di Ruffano, C. J. Hyde, K. J. McCaffery, P. M. M. Bossuyt, J. J. Deeks
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The value of a diagnostic test is not simply measured by its accuracy, but depends on how it affects patient health. This article presents a framework for the design and interpretation of studies that evaluate the health consequences of new diagnostic tests
Copy Number Variations In ALOX5 and PTGER1 Genes Are Associated With Susceptibility To AERD and Mnsaid-UA
Authors: Maria Del Carmen Plaza Seron, Pedro Ayuso Parejo, Natalia Blanca-López, Inmaculada Doña, Jose A. Cornejo-Garcia, María José Torres, Javier Fernández, Jose Julio Laguna, Veronique Godineau, Miriam Osorio, Luisa Galindo, Gabriela Canto, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The management of portal hypertension: Rational basis, available treatments and future options
Authors: Jaime Bosch, Annalisa Berzigotti, Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Juan G. Abraldes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Variceal bleeding is the last step in a chain of events initiated by an increase in portal pressure, followed by the development and progressive dilation of varices until these finally rupture and bleed. This sequence of events might be prevented – and reversed – by achieving a sufficient decrease in portal pressure. A different approach is the use of local endoscopic treatments at the varices. This article reviews the rationale for the management of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, the current recommendations for the prevention and treatment of variceal bleeding, and outlines the unsolved issues and the perspectives for the future opened by new research developments.