tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Concurrent Type 1 Diabetes and Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: James D. Walker, Robert J. Young, Jill Little, Judith M. Steel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We would like to add our experience of the clinical course and prognosis in patients with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders to that reported by Nielsen et al. (1) who reported a standardized mortality ratio of 14.5 in female patients with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and anorexia nervosa.

We performed a 12-year follow-up of a cohort of 14 women with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders (12 with anorexia nervosa) originally …
The APCs of neuroprotection
Authors: Charles T. Esmon, Jonathan D. Glass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Mutations in the enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been linked to the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this issue of the JCI, Zhong et al. report that the endogenous anticoagulant activated protein C (APC) is able to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier in mice and signal to both neuronal and non-neuronal cells (see the related article beginning on page 3437). This signaling resulted in the suppression of mutant SOD1 synthesis and retarded disease progression in a murine model of ALS. Here we discuss the potential importance of these data and possible relevance to human neurodegenerative diseases.
Basal metabolism adds a significant offset to unloaded myocardial oxygen consumption per minute.
Authors: Y Harasawa, P P de Tombe, D D Sheriff, W C Hunter
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) includes components for 1) mechanical energy generation, 2) activation, and 3) basal metabolism. Whereas the first two components are expected to increase in proportion with heart rate, a significant basal level of metabolism would consume oxygen even if the heart rate were zero. Contrary to this expectation, however, a previous study reported that, during unloaded beats, MVO2 per beat (which includes basal metabolism) was independent of heart rate. Accordingly, unloaded MVO2 per minute would extrapolate to zero at zero heart rate; this result is unexpected considering basal metabolism. To resolve this inconsistency, we varied heart rate over a wide range after inducing atrioventricular block in eight isolated cross-circulated canine hearts that contracted isovolumically. We examined whether a term representing rate-independent basal metabolism was needed to describe MVO2 per minute. Mechanical energy generated by the left ventricle was evaluated from the pressure-volume area, which was altered by changing isovolumic ventricular volume over at least five levels at each heart rate. Contractility, evaluated by the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation, did not vary significantly with heart rate in this study. In contrast to the previous report, unloaded MVO2 per beat (i.e., MVO2 extrapolated to a pressure-volume area of zero) was not constant but fell monotonically with increases in heart rate in every heart. We considered that this trend was caused by a significant rate-independent basal level of MVO2 per minute. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that this rate-independent basal term differed significantly from zero in seven of the eight hearts studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Elevated Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Expression in Blood Cells Associated with Chronic Arsenic Exposure in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Jinyao Mo, Yajuan Xia, Zhixiong Ning, Timothy J. Wade, Judy L. Mumford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Arsenic exposure is associated with human cancer. Telomerase-containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) can extend telomeres of chromosomes, delay senescence, and promote cell proliferation leading to tumorigenesis.The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of As on hTERT mRNA expression in humans and in vitro.A total of 324 Inner Mongolia residents who have been exposed to As via drinking water participated in this study. Water and toenail samples were collected and analyzed for As. Blood samples were quantified for hTERT mRNA expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The hTERT mRNA levels were linked to water and nail As concentrations and skin hyperkeratosis. Human epidermal keratinocytes were treated with arsenite to assess effects on cell viability and hTERT expression in vitro.hTERT mRNA expression levels were significantly associated with As concentrations of water (p<0.0001) and nails (p=0.002) and also associated with severity of skin hyperkeratosis (p<0.05), adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and pesticide use. Females showed a higher slope than males (females: 0.126, p=0.0005; males: 0.079, p=0.017). In addition to water and nail As concentrations, age (p<0.0001) and pesticide use (p=0.025) also showed significant associations with hTERT expression. The hTERT expression levels decreased with age. Tobacco smoking did not affect hTERT expression (p=0.13). hTERT expression was significantly correlated with OGG1 and ERCC1 expression. The in vitro results also showed a dose-response relationship between arsenite concentrations and hTERT expression and reached the peak at 1 microM.hTERT expression was associated with As exposure in vivo and in vitro. The increased hTERT expression may be a cellular response to genomic insults by As and may also indicate that As may function as a tumor promoter in carcinogenesis in humans.
Bladder distension and oedema of legs.
Authors: K. R. Parsad
Journal: BMJ (1968)

problem deserve consideration.Although high protein feeding for some weeks may at times lead to tuberculin positivity, a negative reaction does not correlate well with the degree of hypoproteinaemia.Adults with equally severe hypoproteinaemia are usually tuberculin positive, while marasmic children with better serum protein status are not.False negative reaction observed in pre- kwashiorkor (the condition in children charac- terized by retarded growth and anaemia and sometimes avitaminosis, but not showing any oedema, hypoproteinaemia' and other bio- chemical changes' may be found) is signifi- cant in the prevention of tuberculosis.The routine procedure of tubercuAin testing prac- tised in many B.C.G. clinics mostly on such children appears to be of limited value.Protein-calorie deficiency may also influence the results of tuberculin surveys.Further, the tuberculin conversion rate after B.C.G. vac- cination is poor5 in mild protein-calorie Jeficiency, and it is not known whether this would also affect the immunity offered by the vaccination.-Iam, etc.,
Effects of treatment on outcome in mildly symptomatic patients with ischemia during daily life. The Atenolol Silent Ischemia Study (ASIST)
Authors: C J Pepine, P F Cohn, P C Deedwania, R S Gibson, E Handberg, J A Hill, E Miller, R G Marks, U Thadani
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Detection of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease has been associated with increased risk for adverse outcome, but treatment of patients with asymptomatic ischemia remains controversial. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine if treatment reduces adverse outcome in patients with daily life ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic outpatients with daily life silent ischemia due to coronary artery disease was conducted. The primary outcome measure was event-free survival at 1 year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Events were death, resuscitated ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, aggravation of angina, or revascularization. The secondary outcome was ischemia during ambulatory ECG monitoring at 4 weeks. Three hundred six outpatients with mild or no angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class I or II), abnormal exercise tests, and ischemia on ambulatory monitoring were randomized to receive either atenolol (100 mg/d) or placebo. After 4 weeks of treatment, the number (mean +/- SD, 3.6 +/- 4.2 versus 1.7 +/- 4.6 episodes, P &lt; .001) and average duration (30 +/- 3.3 versus 16.4 +/- 6.7 minutes, P &lt; .001) of ischemic episodes per 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring decreased in atenolol- compared with placebo-assigned patients (4.4 +/- 4.6 to 3.1 +/- 6.0 episodes and 36.6 +/- 4.1 to 30 +/- 5.5 minutes). Event-free survival improved in atenolol-treated patients (P &lt; .0066), who had an increased time to onset of first adverse event (120 versus 79 days) and fewer total first events compared with placebo (relative risk, 0.44; 95% confidence intervals, 0.26 to 0.75; P = .001). There was a nonsignificant trend for fewer serious events (death, resuscitation from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina) in atenolol-treated patients (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence intervals, 0.22 to 1.33; P = .175). The most powerful univariate and multivariate correlate of event-free survival was absence of ischemia on ambulatory monitoring at 4 weeks. Side effects were mild and generally similar comparing atenolol- and placebo-treated patients, although bradycardia was more frequent with atenolol. CONCLUSIONS Atenolol treatment reduced daily life ischemia and was associated with reduced risk for adverse outcome in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients compared with placebo.
Variable phenotype associated with SP-C gene mutations: fatal case with the I73T mutation
Authors: S. Percopo, H.S. Cameron, L.M. Nogee, G. Pettinato, S. Montella, F. Santamaria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To the Editors: 

We read with great interest the report by Brasch et al . 1 on a case of interstitial lung disease (ILD) due to a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the surfactant protein-C gene (SFTPC), which resulted in the substitution of threonine for isoleucine in codon 73 of the propeptide of the surfactant protein (SP)-C proprotein (I73T). Histological findings were consistent with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) features. Therapy included whole-lung lavages and anti-inflammatory drugs, and the child is still alive.

The natural history of lung disease associated with SP-C mutations is poorly characterised, with unpredictable short- and long-term outcomes. In order to emphasise the phenotypic variability of SFTPC mutations, we now report a child with fatal lung disease due to the SP-C I73T mutation. The child was a full-term male, born to unrelated parents from an uneventful twin dizygotic pregnancy. At 3 months, he developed episodes of asthmatic bronchitis. At 9 months, he was admitted to the …
Effects of Coronary Blood Flow and Perfusion Pressure on Left Ventricular Contractility in Dogs
Authors: RONALD M. ABEL, ROBERT L. REIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The effects of changes in coronary blood flow and coronary artery pressure on left ventricular (LV) contractility were determined in 18 animals. Dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass provided isovolumetric LV contractions during controlled perfusion of the coronary circulation. Coronary venous efflux, myocardial oxygen consumption, peak LV pressure, LV dp/dt, and the force-velocity relations of the LV were determined at normal and at "supernormal" levels of flow and pressure. Coronary vasodilatation was obtained with nitroglycerine, permitting independent variation of flow and pressure. Augmenting flow by increasing pressure increased LV contractility, as reflected by increases in peak LV pressure, dp/dt max, peak wall tension, and maximal measured contractile element velocity. Increased contractility appeared to be primarily due to increased flow, rather than to pressure, as an increase in flow without an increase in pressure produced similar changes, and decreases in pressure at constant flow did not change maximal measured contractile element velocity or dp/dt max, although some decrease in peak LV pressure and wall tension did occur. These data suggest that coronary flow is an independent determinant of the contractile state of myocardium, and that an increase in flow in excess of that required to supply metabolic demands augments myocardial contractility.
Teaching communication skills to clinical students.
Authors: I C McManus, C A Vincent, S Thom, J Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Seven years' experience in teaching communication skills to first year clinical students at St Mary's Hospital School of Medicine is described. The first component consists of a day during the introductory clinical course; this is divided into a lecture and small seminar groups and involves behavioural scientists and clinicians from many departments. The second component uses simulated patients and video feedback and takes place in small groups later in the year. Participation of the students through active critical discussion, role play, and interactive video feedback are important aspects in the success of the course. The methods have been refined through evaluation by students and tutors. This article aims to allow others, already running or considering such a course, to develop effective courses within the practical constraints of their own institutions.
Prognostic interaction between thrombocytosis and JAK2 V617F mutation in the WHO subcategories of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease-unclassifiable and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts and marked thrombocytosis
Authors: E Atallah, R Nussenzveig, C C Yin, C Bueso-Ramos, C Tam, T Manshouri, S Pierce, H Kantarjian, S Verstovsek
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
MOVABLE KIDNEY—ITS CAUSE AND TREATMENT.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The kidneys are usually classed as fixed organs. They, however, are not fixed but possess normally quite a range of motion. This varies from 2 to 4 cms. in a longitudinal direction and corresponds to the rise and fall of the diaphragm during respiration. As a rule the normal kidney can not be palpated through the intact body walls in men, but in women the right can be distinctly felt in a majority of the cases and the left in a smaller proportion. A kidney may often be easily palpated by one with much practice when another with less experience would fail to perceive it. In palpating a kidney the patient, with all clothing about the body removed, should lie on the side opposite the organ sought with the head and shoulders slightly higher than the hips and the thighs gently flexed. Standing at the back of the patient the
Predictive value of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and gastric intramucosal pH (pH-i) in major abdominal surgery
Authors: A. Donati, D. Battisti, G. Conti, S. Caporelli, E. Adrario, P. Pelaia, A. Recchioni, P. Paoletti, P. Pietropaoli
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
Impact of IL17B on Endothelial Cells and Angiogenesis.
Authors: A. Sanders, X. Guo, M. Mason, W. Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction:Tumour angiogenesis plays a vital role in cancer development and spread. In the current study, IL17B was found to be unregulated in endothelial cells in response to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). IL17B shares structural similarities to IL17A, which has been previously proposed to promote angiogenesis and tumourgenicity, though currently the role of this cytokine in cancer or angiogenesis is largely unknown.Methods:HECV gene expression in response to HGF treatment was examined over a wide range of genes using micro array analysis to detect differential gene expression over the U133+2 chip. Recombinant human IL17B (rhIL17B) was subsequently used to treat human HECV endothelial cells over a range of concentrations. The impact of rhIL17B on HECV cell motility and angiogenic potential was assessed using Matrigel migration/wounding and tubule formation.Results:Micro array analysis detected a significant increase in IL17B expression in response to 4 hour treatment of HECV human endothelial cells with 40ng/ml HGF (p &amp;lt; 0.05 vs HGF untreated HECV cells). rhIL17B negatively influenced HECV tubule formation at the higher concentrations with substantial reduction in tubule formation being seen following treatment with 250ng/ml rhIL17B. Higher concentrations of rhIL17B were also seen to reduce the capacity of HECV cells to migrate in a scratch wounding assay and significant differences in migrated distance were observed following 75 minute incubation (P &amp;lt; 0.05 vs control untreatment group).Conclusions:Micro array analysis suggests that IL17B gene expression in the HECV human endothelial cell line can be upregulated in response to treatment with HGF. Subsequently high levels of rhIL17B were seen to negatively impact on the tubule formation and migratory capacity of this cell line. Together this data suggests that IL17B is unlikely to play a key role in the pro-angiogenic response initiated through HGF signalling but at higher concentrations may itself be able to negatively impact the angiogenic potential of the HECV endothelial cell line. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2157.
Ultrafast and Whole-Body Cooling With Total Liquid Ventilation Induces Favorable Neurological and Cardiac Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest in Rabbits
Authors: M. Chenoune, F. Lidouren, C. Adam, S. Pons, L. Darbera, P. Bruneval, B. Ghaleh, R. Zini, J.-L. Dubois-Randé, P. Carli, B. Vivien, J.-D. Ricard, A. Berdeaux, R. Tissier
Journal: Circulation (2011)

In animal models of cardiac arrest, the benefit afforded by hypothermia is closely linked to the rapidity of the decrease in body temperature after resuscitation. Because total liquid ventilation (TLV) with temperature-controlled perfluorocarbons induces a very rapid and generalized cooling, we aimed to determine whether this could limit the post-cardiac arrest syndrome in a rabbit model. We especially focused on neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, liver and kidney dysfunctions.Anesthetized rabbits were submitted to either 5 or 10 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resumption of a spontaneous circulation, the animals underwent either normothermic life support (control) or therapeutic hypothermia induced by TLV. The latter procedure decreased esophageal and tympanic temperatures to 32°C to 33°C within only 10 minutes. After rewarming, the animals submitted to TLV exhibited an attenuated neurological dysfunction and decreased mortality 7 days later compared with control. The neuroprotective effect of TLV was confirmed by a significant reduction in brain histological damages. We also observed limitation of myocardial necrosis, along with a decrease in troponin I release and a reduced myocardial caspase 3 activity, with TLV. The beneficial effects of TLV were directly related to the rapidity of hypothermia induction because neither conventional cooling (cold saline infusion plus external cooling) nor normothermic TLV elicited a similar protection.Ultrafast cooling instituted by TLV exerts potent neurological and cardiac protection in an experimental model of cardiac arrest in rabbits. This could be a relevant approach to provide a global and protective hypothermia against the post-cardiac arrest syndrome.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with eosinophilic differentiation
Authors: Attilio G. Gabbas, Chin‐Yang Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Four cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with early eosinophilic differentiation are described. The clinical course did not differ from that of the usual forms of ANLL. Morphologic and cytochemical features that can support this diagnosis are discussed. Particularly, the cyanide‐resistant peroxidase stain appeared to be a specific marker of eosinophilic differentiation. Acute eosinophilic leukemia is a distinct entity, and this unusual subtype of ANLL can be set apart from other forms of ANLL characterized by hypereosinophilia.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Teaching during Rounds: A Handbook for Attending Physicians and Residents
Authors: Lorna Lynn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Teaching during Rounds: A Handbook for Attending Physicians and ResidentsLorna Lynn, MDLorna Lynn, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Teaching during Rounds: A Handbook for Attending Physicians and ResidentsDonn Weinholtz, Janine C. Edwards, and Laura M. Mumford. 127 pages. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1992. $15.00.I was recently asked by a premedical student if medical school faculty received any formal training in teaching. I answered that, although most did not, faculty members were concerned about the quality of their teaching and that teaching awards were highly coveted. The student's question brought back memories of attending rounds over the past decade during which, in various roles, I have been intimidated, bored, cynical, challenged, and excited. I remember attendings who ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 829KeywordsMemoryMotivationResidency Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...