tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severity of Established Renal Disease: Criteria for Evaluation
Authors: WILLIAM B. BLYTHE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 August 1971Severity of Established Renal Disease: Criteria for EvaluationWILLIAM B. BLYTHE, M.D.WILLIAM B. BLYTHE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-2-315 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe clinical expression of parenchymal renal disease is a broad continuum, with stages ranging from one in which there are no symptoms or physical findings—and is thus detectable only by laboratory examination—to one in which there is a constellation of gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and other manifestations. This wide spectrum is usually divided into three phases: an asymptomatic phase, a symptomatic phase in which there is clinical evidence of disturbance of various organ systems, and the ultimate clinical expression, uremia.During this past decade it has become possible to define more precisely the various clinical manifestations as a consequence not only...References1. : Criteria for the evaluation of the severity of established renal disease. Ann Intern Med 75:251-252, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Eccles. 12:12 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM B. BLYTHE, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffective Plasma Flow of the Individual Kidney. Determination on the Basis of the [ 131 I]Hippuran Renogram 1 August 1971Volume 75, Issue 2Page: 315-315KeywordsRenal diseasesResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
1129-209 Incidence of cerebral embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: A prospective and serial study using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Harald Schmidt, Peter Bernhardt, Christoph Hammerstingl, Stefan Illien, Christina Münsel, Torsten Sommer, Berndt Lüderitz, Heyder Omran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The <b> <i>tyrp1</i> </b>-Tag/<b> <i>tyrp1</i> </b>-FGFR1-DN Bigenic Mouse
Authors: Benoı̂t Rousseau, Frédéric Larrieu-Lahargue, Sophie Javerzat, Frédéric Guilhem-Ducléon, Friedrich Beermann, Andreas Bikfalvi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We describe herein a new transgenic mouse tumor model in which fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor activity is selectively inhibited. Tyrp1-Tag mice that develop early vascularized tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium were crossed with tyrp1-FGFR1-DN mice that express dominant-negative FGF receptors in the retinal pigment epithelium to generate bigenic mice. Initial angiogenesis-independent tumor growth progressed equally in tyrp1-Tag and bigenic mice with no significant differences in the number of dividing and apoptotic cells within the tumor. By contrast, at a later stage when tyrp1-Tag tumors rapidly expanded to fill the entire eye posterior chamber and migrate along the optic nerve toward the chiasma, bigenic tumors remained small and were poorly vascularized. Secondary tumors of small size developed in only 20% of bigenic mice by 1 month. Immunohistochemical analysis of secondary tumors from bigenic mice showed a reduction of angiogenesis and an increase in apoptosis in tumor cells. Tumor cells from bigenic mice expressed high levels of truncated FGF receptors and did not induce endothelial tube formation in vitro. All in all, this indicates that the tyrp1-Tag mouse may be a useful model to study selective tumor inhibition and the effect of antitumor therapy that targets a specific growth factor pathway. FGF receptors are required at the onset of tumor invasion and angiogenesis in ocular tumors and are good therapeutic targets in this model. The bigenic mouse may also constitute a useful model to answer more fundamental questions of cancer biology such as the mechanism of tumor escape.
Treatment of Localized Myxodema
Authors: R. Hall, G. Holti, C. J. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Treatment of Localized Myxoedema SIR,-We were surprised that your leading article (13 November, p. 1 138) did not mention the possible role of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (L.A.T.S.) in the pathogenesis of pretibial myxoedema.This thyroid stimulating agent, a 7S gamma-globulin,' present in
PUMA-mediated apoptosis drives chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Wei Qiu, Xinwei Wang, Brian Leibowitz, Wancai Yang, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatocyte death and proliferation contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma development after carcinogen exposure or chronic liver inflammation. However, the role and the molecular targets of hepatocyte death in relation to compensatory proliferation have not been fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), a BH3-only protein important for both p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis, in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver carcinogenesis model. PUMA deficiency significantly decreased the multiplicity and size of liver tumors. DEN treatment induced p53-independent PUMA expression, PUMA-dependent hepatocyte death, and compensatory proliferation. Furthermore, inhibition or deletion of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) abrogated PUMA induction, hepatocyte death, and compensatory proliferation. Conclusion : These results provide direct evidence that JNK1/PUMA-dependent apoptosis promotes chemical hepatocarcinogenesis through compensatory proliferation, and suggest apoptotic inducers as potential therapeutic targets in liver injury and cancer. (Hepatology 2011;54:1249–1258)
A Case of Incomplete Reduction 'En Masse' of an Inguinal Rupture: With the Subsequent Treatment, and Appearances of the Parts Post Mortem
Authors: J. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1849)

The reduction of a hernia in a mass with its investing peritoneal covering, by the efforts used in applying the taxis, and the appropriate mode of treat- ment, has, until the last few years, rested almost entirely upon the authority of foreign surgeons.Mr. Luke was the first, I believe, in this country, to make the occurrence the subject of a particular treatise.
EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKER (ARB) THERAPY ON LONG TERM SURVIVAL IN AFRICAN AMERICANS (AA) WITH HEART FAILURE (HF)
Authors: Ravinder R. Valadri, Emir Veledar, radhika gadesam, Saumeth Cardona, Jo Ann Cross, Gregory Strayhorn, Heather Bloom, Adefisayo Oduwole, David De Lurgio, Javed Butler, Elizabeth Ofili, Anekwe Onwuanyi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Use of "Chymoral" in Mucoviscidosis
Authors: J. P. Stanfield
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDIBAL JOURNAL 727to 0.05 unit or less of oxytocin was associated with labour occurring within 48 hours of amniotomy in 91 % of cases, but if the test was positive to 0.03 unit or less the comparable figure was 100%.The test is particularly accurate when termination of pregnancy is contemplated more than one week before the expected date of delivery.It is in this group of cases that an indication of the likelihood of a rapid response to amniotomy would be of the greatest help in coming to a decision to perform amniotomy or elective caesarean section.
Apoptosis Regulators Fas and Bim Cooperate in Shutdown of Chronic Immune Responses and Prevention of Autoimmunity
Authors: Peter D. Hughes, Gabrielle T. Belz, Karen A. Fortner, Ralph C. Budd, Andreas Strasser, Philippe Bouillet
Journal: Immunity (2008)

Apoptotic death of T lymphocytes is critical for shutdown of immune responses and hemopoietic cell homeostasis. Both death receptor (Fas) activation and mitochondrial apoptosis triggered by the BH3-only protein Bim have been implicated in the killing of antigen-stimulated T cells. We examined mice lacking the gene encoding Bim (Bcl2l11) and with the inactivating lpr mutation in the gene encoding Fas (Fas), designated Bcl2l11(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. Shutdown of an acute T cell response to herpes simplex virus involved only Bim with no contribution by Fas, whereas both pathways synergized in killing antigen-stimulated T cells in chronic infection with murine gamma-herpesvirus. Bcl2l11(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr) mice developed remarkably enhanced and accelerated fatal lymphadenopathy and autoimmunity compared to mice lacking only one of these apoptosis inducers. These results identify critical overlapping roles for Fas and Bim in T cell death in immune response shutdown and prevention of immunopathology and thereby resolve a long-standing controversy.
Intensive Psychosocial Intervention Enhances Functioning in Patients With Bipolar Depression: Results From a 9-Month Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: David J. Miklowitz, Michael W. Otto, Ellen Frank, Noreen A. Reilly-Harrington, Jane N. Kogan, Gary S. Sachs, Michael E. Thase, Joseph R. Calabrese, Lauren B. Marangell, Michael J. Ostacher, Jayendra Patel, Marshall R. Thomas, Mako Araga, Jodi M. Gonzalez, Stephen R. Wisniewski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Psychosocial interventions are effective adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in delaying recurrences of bipolar disorder; however, to date their effects on life functioning have been given little attention. In a randomized trial, the authors examined the impact of intensive psychosocial treatment plus pharmacotherapy on the functional outcomes of patients with bipolar disorder over the 9 months following a depressive episode.Participants were 152 depressed outpatients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder in the multisite Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) study. All patients received pharmacotherapy. Eighty-four patients were randomly assigned to intensive psychosocial intervention (30 sessions over 9 months of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, cognitive behavior therapy [CBT], or family-focused therapy), and 68 patients were randomly assigned to collaborative care (a 3-session psychoeducational treatment). Independent evaluators rated the four subscales of the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation-Range of Impaired Functioning Tool (LIFE-RIFT) (relationships, satisfaction with activities, work/role functioning, and recreational activities) through structured interviews given at baseline and every 3 months over a 9-month period.Patients in intensive psychotherapy had better total functioning, relationship functioning, and life satisfaction scores over 9 months than patients in collaborative care, even after pretreatment functioning and concurrent depression scores were covaried. No effects of psychosocial intervention were observed on work/role functioning or recreation scores during this 9-month period.Intensive psychosocial treatment enhances relationship functioning and life satisfaction among patients with bipolar disorder. Alternate interventions focused on the specific cognitive deficits of individuals with bipolar disorder may be necessary to enhance vocational functioning after a depressive episode.
Hyperhomocysteinemia impairs endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor–mediated vasorelaxation in transgenic cystathionine beta synthase–deficient mice
Authors: Zhongjian Cheng, Xiaohua Jiang, Warren D. Kruger, Domenico Praticò, Sapna Gupta, Karthik Mallilankaraman, Muniswamy Madesh, Andrew I. Schafer, William Durante, Xiaofeng Yang, Hong Wang
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract 17470: Scar Burden is Related to Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Preserved EF
Authors: Adham N Malaty, Jeffrey Dela Cruz, Dipan J Shah, Sherif F Nagueh
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Evaluate the relation between scar extent and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with normal EF and without previous septal reduction...
A SIGNAL LANTERN FOR TESTING COLOR BLINDNESS.
Authors: JOHN IZARD MIDDLETON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Consideration cf several of the present types of lanterns for the above purpose shows them as expensive and complicated. The article, however, here described, while offering little originality, exhibits simplicity and moderate cost, being well within the reach of the mass of examining oculists. The apparatus consists of a Thorington's asbestos chimney, with iris diaphragm, and a double cell of half a trial frame attached in front of and below the circular opening in the chimney. The light within is either electric or gas; enclosed in a frosted bulb or chimney of an Argand burner. The glasses for testing the colors are six in number, four being contained in the usual test-case: The red, the blue, the cobalt blue (for purple) and one for London smoke. This last can also be used in the several varieties furnished by the test-case. The remaining two necessary glasses, not found in the test-case,
Concanavalin a injection activates intrahepatic innate immune cells to provoke an antitumor effect in murine liver
Authors: Takuya Miyagi, Tetsuo Takehara, Tomohide Tatsumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Masahisa Jinushi, Yoshiyuki Kanazawa, Naoki Hiramatsu, Tatsuya Kanto, Shingo Tsuji, Masatsugu Hori, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Concanavalin A (ConA), directly injected into mice, induces T cell-mediated liver injury. However, it remains unclear whether ConA injection can activate innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells, both of which exist abundantly in the liver. Here we report that ConA injection stimulated interferon (IFN)-γ production from liver NKT cells as early as 2 hours after injection and augmented YAC-1 cytotoxicity of liver NK cells. ConA-induced NK cell activation required other types of immune cells and critically depended on IFN-γ. Because a nonhepatotoxic low dose of ConA was capable of fully activating both NKT cells and NK cells, we next addressed the possibility of ConA injection displaying an antitumor effect in the liver without liver injury. A nonhepatotoxic low-dose ConA injection augmented the cytotoxicity of liver NK cells against Colon-26 colon cancer cells and suppressed hepatic metastasis of Colon-26 cells in a NK cell- and IFN-γ-dependent manner. In conclusion , a nonhepatotoxic low dose of ConA might serve as an immunomodulator that can preferentially activate the innate immune cells to induce an antitumor effect against metastatic liver tumor. (Hepatology 2004;40:1190-1196.)
Abstract 2869: Chemopreventive efficacy and mechanism of licofelone in mouse lung tumor model
Authors: Jin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our previous study comparing inhalation and aspiration methods of administration of an agent to lung airway epithelia indicated that aspiration can be an equally effective route of exposure while reducing the need for inhalation equipment and amount of chemopreventive agent required. The current study evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy and mechanism of Licofelone, a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox), against the strain A/J mouse lung adenoma induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The Licofelone was administered to the lung via oropharyngeal aspiration. Lung adenomas were induced in 8-wk old female strain A/J mice by three oral gavages of B[a]P (2 mg /0.2 ml cotton seed oil). The mice were left for 4 weeks to develop dysplasia, then given one of three doses of Licofelone (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) for 16 weeks. At different time points, the expression of a series of biomarkers (e.g., Cox-2 and 5-Lox at 2 weeks, survivin, PCNA and apoptosis at 16 weeks) in lung was evaluated by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Tumor incidence and multiplicity in the lung were measured following 16-week aspiration of Licofelone and compared with B[a] P only group. The data showed that Licofelone inhibited Cox-2 (26-42%) and 5-Lox (43-61%) in a dose-dependent manner at 2 weeks. Both survivin (16-25%) and PCNA (41-61%) were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. There was a 2.4 fold induction of apoptosis at 0.3 mg/kg when compared to the B[a] P only group. Licofelone showed significant dose-related inhibition of B[a]P-induced tumor incidence (p = &amp;lt;0.05) and multiplicity at 0.03 and 0.1 mg/kg following 16-week treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Licofelone administered by aspiration showed chemopreventive efficacy against mouse lung adenoma with good correlation to early and late biomarkers of lung cancer progression. Also, it showed that the aspiration route can be an excellent alternative to inhalation for direct delivery of drugs to the rodent lung. (Supported by NCI #N01-CN-53301). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2869.
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium in Combination with Docetaxel and Cisplatin for the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: William N. William, Ralph G. Zinner, Daniel D. Karp, Yun W. Oh, Bonnie S. Glisson, See-Chun Phan, David J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Abstract 2288: Pharmacological inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling suppresses DR5 expression and impairs cancer cell response to DR5 activation-induced apoptosis
Authors: You-Take Oh, Ping Yue, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy against certain types of cancers such as melanoma and thyroid cancer. While demonstrated to be effective anticancer agents, B-Raf inhibitors have also been associated with increased risk of secondary neoplasms. The induction of apoptosis following ligation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with its receptor, death receptor 5 (DR5), offers a potent anticancer strategy. Importantly, this is also a natural immunosurveillance mechanism against cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that activated B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling positively regulates DR5 expression. Hence, our current work seeks to address whether B-Raf/MEK/ERK inhibition and the consequent suppression of DR5 expression impedes cancer cell response to DR5 activation-induced apoptosis. We found that both B-Raf (e.g., PLX4032) and MEK inhibitors (e.g., AZD6244 and PD0325901) effectively inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reduced DR5 levels in both human thyroid cancer and melanoma cells. Similar to the observed effect of genetic knockdown of the B-Raf gene, pretreatment of cancer cell lines with either B-Raf or MEK inhibitors attenuated or abolished cellular apoptotic response induced by TRAIL or the DR5 agonistic antibody AMG655. Our findings clearly showed that inhibition of the B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling suppresses DR5 expression and impairs DR5 activation-induced apoptosis. These findings warrant further investigation of potential negative impact of B-Raf or MEK inhibition on TRAIL- or DR5-targeted cancer therapy and on TRAIL/DR5-mediated cancer immunosurveillance. (This study was supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar award, NIH/NCI SPORE P50 grant CA128613 and Winship Cancer Institute Robbins Scholar award. FR Khuri and SY Sun are Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholars. YT Oh is a recipient of Winship Cancer Institute Robbins Scholar award) Citation Format: You-Take Oh, Ping Yue, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun. Pharmacological inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling suppresses DR5 expression and impairs cancer cell response to DR5 activation-induced apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2288
STATE INVALIDITY AND SICK INSURANCE: CONSIDERATION OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ON WHICH THE NECESSARY SERVICES OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION SHOULD BE OBTAINABLE
Authors: E. R. Fothergill
Journal: BMJ (1910)

this oountry, as many employers are now seeing its dis- advantages and endeavouring to secure regular instead of casual labour.A farther question has been asked-How would State insuranoe affect the different grades of the profession?So far as I can see it, the Poor Law medical officer would continue to hold his present office, but the amount of work would be considerably curtailed.Part-time and whole-time
The evolution of hepatitis B virus serological patterns and the clinical relevance of isolated antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen in HIV infected patients
Authors: Lionel Piroth, Christine Binquet, Marie Vergne, Anne Minello, Claire Livry, Jean-Baptiste Bour, Marielle Buisson, Michel Duong, Michèle Grappin, Henri Portier, Pascal Chavanet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Complexities of Prostate-Cancer Risk
Authors: Edward P. Gelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

As men age, prostate epithelial cells are subjected to substantial stresses, and these stresses can damage DNA, thereby causing cellular transformation. The aging prostate gland acquires numerous foci of cancer cells that arise from distinct clonal transformation events.1 That most of these foci never develop into clinically detectable cancer is consistent with the frequent finding of prostate cancer during autopsies of asymptomatic men in whom the condition was never diagnosed.2 Susceptibility to prostate cancer has a clear heritable component: men are at an increased risk for the disease if they have a first-degree relative with prostate cancer. The more relatives . . .
Can doctors respond to patients' increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine? Commentary: Special study modules and complementary and alternative medicine---the Glasgow experience
Authors: D K Owen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

# Can doctors respond to patients' increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine? {#article-title-2}

Editorial by Berman 

Patients are increasingly using complementary and alternative medicine, 1 2 and doctors are responding to this in several ways, from being enthusiastic and interested to mystified and critical.3–5 Complementary and alternative medicine incorporates several different approaches and methodologies,6 with techniques ranging from spiritual “healing” in cancer to nutritional interventions for premenstrual tension, acupuncture for pain relief, and manipulation for backache. In this article we encourage you to reflect on your understanding of complementary and alternative medicine in relation to your clinical practice, share some of the current initiatives in undergraduate and postgraduate familiarisation and training in this type of medicine, and explore the implications of education, support, and development.

The BMA's attitude to complementary and alternative medicine became much more positive between its first and second reports on the subject in 1986 and 1993.7 Around 39.5% of general practice partnerships in England provide access to some form of complementary therapy for their NHS patients,8 but this raises questions about how the provision of such treatment can be integrated into conventional practice. If the care is provided on a delegated or referred basis, how much does a doctor need to know to make appropriate referrals and supervise delegated treatment? If doctors are to treat patients with complementary and alternative medicine what training do they require?

#### Summary points

The growth in patients' use of complementary and alternative medicine has an impact on conventional medical practice

To advise about complementary and alternative medicine, doctors need to understand its potential benefits and limitations

Doctors are training in complementary and alternative medicine and report benefits both for their patients and themselves

Patients' safety and the effective integration of complementary and alternative medicine and conventional medicine is influenced by the professionalism and ethics of the training available

Doctors need …