tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Do Patients With Cancer Visit Emergency Departments? Results of a 2008 Population Study in North Carolina
Authors: Deborah K. Mayer, Debbie Travers, Annah Wyss, Ashley Leak, Anna Waller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Emergency departments (EDs) in the United States are used by patients with cancer for disease or treatment-related problems and unrelated issues. The North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT) collects information about ED visits through a statewide database.After approval by the institutional review board, 2008 NC DETECT ED visit data were acquired and cancer-related visits were identified. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed. Of 4,190,911 ED visits in 2008, there were 37,760 ED visits by 27,644 patients with cancer.Among patients, 77.2% had only one ED visit in 2008, the mean age was 64 years, and there were slightly more men than women. Among visits, the payor was Medicare for 52.4% and Medicaid for 12.1%. More than half the visits by patients with cancer occurred on weekends or evenings, and 44.9% occurred during normal hours. The top three chief complaints were related to pain, respiratory distress, and GI issues. Lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers were identified in 26.9%, 6.3%, 6%, and 7.7% of visits, respectively, with diagnosis. A total of 63.2% of visits resulted in hospital admittance. When controlling for sex, age, time of day, day of week, insurance, and diagnosis position, patients with lung cancer were more likely to be admitted than patients with other types of cancer.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a population-based snapshot of ED visits by patients with cancer in North Carolina. Efforts that target clinical problems and specific populations may improve delivery of quality cancer care and avoid ED visits.
Is There a Venoarterial Difference in -Antitrypsin Levels?
Authors: J. Lieberman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Serum trypsin inhibitory capacity and α<sub>1</sub>-antitrypsin concentrations were compared in venous and arterial bloods obtained simultaneously from patients with chronic airways obstruction. No significant venoarterial difference was observed in most patients, which was contrary to the published findings of Woolcock <i>et al.</i> (1972).
The Learning Curve of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium
Authors: Matthew H. Hayn, Abid Hussain, Ahmed M. Mansour, Paul E. Andrews, Paul Carpentier, Erik Castle, Prokar Dasgupta, Peter Rimington, Raju Thomas, Shamim Khan, Adam Kibel, Hyung Kim, Murugesan Manoharan, Mani Menon, Alex Mottrie, David Ornstein, James Peabody, Raj Pruthi, Joan Palou Redorta, Lee Richstone, Francis Schanne, Hans Stricker, Peter Wiklund, Rameela Chandrasekhar, Greg E. Wilding, Khurshid A. Guru
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Primary Prophylaxis against Opportunistic Infections in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Nathan Clumeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic disease that lasts at least 10 to 15 years. One of the major clinical advances has been the implementation in the mid-1980s of antimicrobial prophylaxis for patients with severe immune impairment. Together with the use of antiretroviral drugs, this prophylaxis has led to decreased morbidity and improved survival among patients with AIDS. So far, recommendations have been issued for primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, infection with Mycobacterium avium complex, and tuberculosis. There are reports and ongoing studies of strategies for preventing infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, and some fungi. . . .
TCT-605 Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Abluminal Groove-Filled Biodegradable Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent for the Treatment of De Novo Coronary Lesions: 2-Year Results from the Prospectively Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of the TARGET I and TARGET II Trials
Authors: Yelin Zhao, Bo Xu, Yuejin Yang, Ruiyan Zhang, Ma Changsheng, Hui Li, Yong Huo, Alexandra Lansky, Martin Leon, Run-Lin Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Women doctors believe medicine is male dominated
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Women doctors believe that medicine is still a male dominated profession in which they have to work harder to compete, have less status, get passed over for promotion, and find it difficult to get a GP partnership, according to new research.

At the same time male doctors see themselves as having to deal with the worst and the most aggressive patients, being required to cover for female partners, and being forced to take on organisational roles and “carry the can.”

A survey of nearly 1000 GPs and consultants also comes to the …
IgA-mediated human autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a result of hemagglutination in the spleen, but independent of complement activation and FcαRI
Authors: Philippe Chadebech, Marc Michel, Daniel Janvier, Kazunori Yamada, Christiane Copie-Bergman, Gwellaouen Bodivit, Armand Bensussan, Jean-Jacques Fournie, Bertrand Godeau, Philippe Bierling, Shozo Izui, France Noizat-Pirenne
Journal: Blood (2010)

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) due to warm-acting IgA autoantibodies is rare. We explored the pathogenic mechanisms underlying destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) in a patient with severe AIHA mediated exclusively by polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) anti-Band 3 autoantibodies. The follow-up period was 17 months. RBCs were not destroyed by complement activation as no deposition of complement was observed on the patient's RBCs. pIgA eluted from the patient's RBCs did not induce RBC destruction through phagocytosis by monocytes or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Induction of eryptosis (ie, RBC apoptosis) due to direct alteration of the RBC membrane by pIgA autoantibodies was also excluded. By contrast, upon incubation with pIgA-opsonized RBCs, substantial RBC membrane transfers (ie, trogocytosis) to monocytes were observed that might contribute to RBC immune destruction. This effect was poorly inhibited by blockers of Fc receptors, excluding a major contribution of FcαRI to this process. Histologic analysis revealed a massive accumulation of agglutinated RBCs with little sign of erythrophagocytosis in the spleen. These results, together with the efficacy of splenectomy 17 months after AIHA onset, suggest that the trapping and subsequent sequestration of agglutinated RBCs in the spleen are the principal pathogenic mechanisms of pIgA-mediated AIHA.
Very low birth weight children at school age: comparison of neonatal management methods.
Authors: E S Steiner, E M Sanders, E C Phillips, C R Maddock
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The outcome of 293 infants born to a geographically defined community and weighing 501-1500 g was investigated. Medical intervention in the newborn period had been avoided. Morbidity was assessed at school age. Of the infants, 236 had been live born in the labour ward of this hospital; of these, 117 (49.6%) died in the neonatal period, one (0.4%) died in the first year, four (1.7%) were untraced, 13 (5.5%) had major handicap, 29 (12.3%) had minor handicap, and 72 (30.5%) were considered to be normal. In terms of survival, handicap, and intellectual with that of infants born over the same period (1963-71) in areas where intensive methods of perinatal care were used. These results imply that postnatal survival and potential of infants of very low birth weight are by no means prejudiced when only experienced nursing care is available.
Thiazide-Induced Hypercalcemia in Vitamin D-Treated Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: A. M. PARFITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Twelve of 33 vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroid patients observed for a mean of 5½ years were given a thiazide diuretic for the treatment of edema or hypertension; the dose did not exceed one tablet (5 mg) of bendrofluazide (USAN, bendroflumethiaziade) or methyclothiazide (USAN, methylclothiazide) daily. Of these 12 patients, 5 developed hypercalcemia. Thiazide administration has become the commonest cause of hypercalcemia in this series of patients. During 1970 hypercalcemia occurred in 3 of 5 who were given a thiazide and in only 1 of 25 who were not. In two patients hypercalcemia remitted spontaneously and did not recur with continued or repeated thiazide administration. This is probably the normal course of thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism unless there is a sustained fall in urine calcium excretion. This fall may result from worsening renal function or sustained sodium depletion or may be a direct effect of thiazides on calcium reabsorption, an effect that is usually absent in hypoparathyroidism.
820-4 Effective reduction of novel atherogenic low-density lipoprotein subfraction by atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Chu-Huang Chen, Patricia W Pace, Nell D Karakoc, Jonathan Lu, Hsin-Hung Chen, Philip D Henry, Henry J Pownall, John P Foreyt, Christie M Ballantyne, Chao-Yuh Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Changes in Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulins in Myeloma and the Effect of an RNA-Containing Plasma Factor
Authors: Y. CHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Patients with multiple myeloma have a reduced number of B lymphocytes with normal surface immunoglobulin. When, however, anti-idiotypic antiserums to the respective myeloma globulins were used for the visualization of surface immunoglobulin by indirect immunofluorescence, a large number of surface immunoglobulin carrying lymphocytes were detected. The possibility of absorption of these monoclonal surface immunoglobulins from the surrounding plasma was excluded by showing their resynthesis after removal from the cells by trypsinization. The change in the character of surface immunoglobulin was reproduced on normal lymphocytes with an RNA-rich extract from the plasma of patients with myeloma; this effect was inhibited by RNase and cycloheximide. These findings suggest the possibility that an RNA-containing plasma factor transmits information for synthesis of surface immunoglobulins between myeloma cells and normal lymphocytes. This mechanism may contribute to the dysfunction of B lymphocytes in patients with myeloma, leading to immunologic deficiency.
Abstract 2911: APE1/Ref1, a mammalian DNA repair/redox factor, increases mitochondrial activity.
Authors: Suganya Rangaswamy, Chontida Yarana, Sumitra Miriyala, Tadahide Izumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an essential DNA repair protein which also functions as a redox sensor (Ref1) to activate many transcription factors. A fraction of APE1/Ref1 protein is localized in the mitochondria for repairing oxidative DNA damage. However, its influence on mitochondrial activity has not been studied. We established genetically modified mouse embryonic fibroblast cells with extremely low APE1, at only 0.2% of the control MEFs. The APE1-knockdown (APE1kd) MEFs grew normally although they were highly sensitive to alkylating reagents. We analyzed the APE1kd MEFs to investigate the effect of APE1 on mitochondrial activity. Compared to the wild-type MEFs, the APE1kd MEFs exhibit a markedly decreased mitochondrial respiration activity and in turn showed glycolysis at a rate higher than the wild-type cells, which presumably compensated low ATP generation from mitochondria. A glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) affected ATP generation effectively, suggesting that the cells with low APE1 expression depended on glycolysis much more than the wild-type MEFs. The change in the mitochondrial activity appeared reversible. We propose that the presence of APE1 in the mitochondria/cytoplasm enhances mitochondrial respiration by a mechanism unrelated to its DNA repair activity. Citation Format: Suganya Rangaswamy, Chontida Yarana, Sumitra Miriyala, Tadahide Izumi. APE1/Ref1, a mammalian DNA repair/redox factor, increases mitochondrial activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2911. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2911
S92 Efficacy Of Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat(R) 5 g From Five Phase Iii Trials In Adults With Symptomatic Asthma
Authors: D. Price, E. Bateman, P. Paggiaro, A. Kaplan, M. Engel, H. Schmidt, P. Moroni-Zentgraf, H. Kerstjens
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Recent clinical trials have indicated that the long-acting antimuscarinic agent tiotropium, a once-daily long-acting bronchodilator, may provide benefit to patients with symptomatic asthma. We investigated primary efficacy data (lung function, risk of severe exacerbation and seven-question Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ-7] response) from five Phase III, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily tiotropium add-on versus placebo add-on (all tiotropium doses delivered via the Respimat<sup>®</sup> SoftMist™ inhaler) in adults with symptomatic asthma on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) ± long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist (LABA) maintenance therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Two 48-week trials of tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg (PrimoTinA-asthma<sup>®</sup>: NCT00776984, NCT00772538) in patients on high-dose ICS (≥800 µg budesonide or equivalent) + LABA; two 24-week trials of tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg and 2.5 µg (MezzoTinA-asthma<sup>®</sup>: NCT01172808, NCT01172821) in patients on moderate-dose ICS (400–800 µg budesonide or equivalent); one 12-week trial of tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg and 2.5 µg (GraziaTinA-asthma<sup>®</sup>: NCT01316380) in patients on low-dose ICS (200–400 µg budesonide or equivalent). <h3>Results</h3> 3476 patients were treated, of whom 1128 received tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg. Once-daily tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg significantly improved lung function (Table) in patients with not fully controlled asthma receiving low- to high-dose ICS. In addition, tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> 5 µg reduced the risk of severe exacerbations versus placebo (co-primary end point) in patients on high-dose ICS + LABA (hazard ratio 0.79; p = 0.0343), and there was an increase in ACQ-7 responder rate (co-primary end point) with the5 µg dose (odds ratio 1.32; p = 0.0308) compared with placebo in patients on moderate-dose ICS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Once-daily tiotropium Respimat<sup>®</sup> significantly improves lung function in adult patients with symptomatic asthma receiving a range of doses of ICS, including even high-dose ICS + LABA, suggesting a potential role for this treatment as add-on to ICS in adults with symptomatic asthma.
THE CURE OF BILHARZIA DISEASE BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF ANTIMONY TARTRATE: THE PROPHYLACTIC ACTION OF THE DRUG
Authors: J. B. Christopherson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

UDIO&L JOU.A& who would resent and refuse the restrictions upon their librty necessaiy for treatment.For this third group it is considered, for the protebtion of all concerned, that the
Chromium Picolinate Supplementation Attenuates Body Weight Gain and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: David A. Mark
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We thank David Mark for his comments (1) about our study (2) in which subjects with type 2 diabetes, who were given 1,000 μg chromium in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic) in combination with 5 mg glipizide, were compared with subjects receiving glipizide plus placebo. Mark suggests that the attenuation in weight gain reported in our study may be indicative of a drug-supplement interaction and suggests that all of the reported differences in body weight gain at the end of the study were caused by an acute weight loss, which occurred within the 1st week after CrPic was started. He …
Prognostic Significance of a Decline in Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Levels After Initial Chemotherapy for Advanced Germ-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: VINCENT J. PICOZZI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

We studied 40 consecutive patients with advanced germ-cell carcinoma and elevated serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to assess the prognostic value of the magnitude of the decline in HCG levels after chemotherapy. If serum levels failed to become normal after the first chemotherapy cycle and if the day-22 HCG level/day-1 level was greater than 1/200 (0.005), an incomplete response to chemotherapy could be predicted with a sensitivity of 90% and a predictive value of 94%. Conversely, if the day-22 level was within normal limits, or if the day-22 level/day-1 level was less than 1/200, a successful response to chemotherapy (defined as a 1-year disease-free interval following cessation of chemotherapy) could be predicted with a sensitivity of 95% and a predictive value of 91% after one chemotherapy cycle. Overall, the long-term response to chemotherapy was correctly predicted in 37 of 40 patients (p less than 0.0001, compared with actual patient outcome using the chi-squared test).
<i>Slaughterhouse Ruins at Aledo</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2014)

By all accounts, the American painter Gertrude Abercrombie (1909-1997) was one of a kind. She wore a pointy hat and drove a Rolls-Royce automobile that she could not afford. She was unabashedly egocentric; her paintings, she said, were all about herself and her inner life. The images were dreamy and mysterious: a woman running through the woods at night, a girl with an owl, a swimming horse, a ruined slaughterhouse ... simple and a little strange, she said. Her icons were ladders, cats, and brooms. She drank heavily and entertained often, hosting all-night jam sessions in her home. She was self-critical and often had the blues, but her friends, a misfit assortment of writers and itinerant musicians, found her enchanting. The jazz pianist Richie Powell based the rhythm of his composition Gertrude's Bounce on the way she walked (a 1956 recording by the Clifford Brown/Max Roach Quintet featuring Powell on piano can be found at http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=uNFlZVcXY6Y), and the novelist James Purdy modeled
Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia
Authors: Maxine T. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This reviewer had the pleasure, in 1979, of recommending the first edition of Dr Steward's excellent<i>Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia</i>, and the second (1985) edition is an even stronger addition to texts in this subspecialty. The new edition follows the first's format in presenting three principal sections, viz, "Foundations of Pediatric Anesthesia," "Anesthesia for Specific Procedures," and appendices. Of the specific procedures, principal pediatric operations in ten major surgical subspecialties (eg, general and thoracoabdominal, plastic and reconstructive, and trauma) form section headings. Then follows a brief description of relevant anatomic and physiological features, special anesthetic problems, and anesthetic management. Specific steps of management are given in three subsections— preoperative, perioperative, and post-operative. This is a clear, logical presentation, concise and yet complete as a basis for anesthetic planning. Nor is further study for each section neglected: "Suggested Additional Reading" lists approximately 250 references for the "Foundations of Pediatric
Phase I Study of Eribulin Mesylate Administered Once Every 21 Days in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Antoinette R. Tan, Eric H. Rubin, Diana C. Walton, Dale E. Shuster, Y. Nancy Wong, Fang Fang, Simon Ashworth, Lee S. Rosen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of eribulin mesylate (E7389), a halichondrin B analogue, administered every 21 days in patients with advanced solid tumors. Experimental Design: Eribulin mesylate was given as a 1-hour infusion every 21 days at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.8, and 4 mg/m2. The MTD was identified using an accelerated titration design. The pharmacokinetics of eribulin were evaluated in the plasma and urine with the first dose. Results: Twenty-one patients were enrolled. At 4 mg/m2, three patients experienced a DLT of febrile neutropenia on day 7. The dose level was reduced to 2.8 mg/m2 where two of three patients experienced dose-limiting febrile neutropenia. Six additional patients were enrolled at 2 mg/m2 (seven patients in total received this dose) and one of these patients experienced a neutropenic DLT. The MTD of eribulin mesylate was therefore 2 mg/m2. Nonhematologic toxicities included alopecia, fatigue, anorexia, and nausea. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed linear kinetics for eribulin over the dose range studied and a terminal half-life of 2 days. The plasma-concentration-time profile exhibited a rapid distribution phase followed by a slow elimination phase. Drug clearance was nonrenal. One patient with non–small cell lung cancer achieved an unconfirmed partial response and 12 patients had stable disease. Conclusions: Eribulin mesylate administered as a 1-hour infusion every 21 days has a manageable toxicity profile at 2 mg/m2, with further dose escalation limited by neutropenia.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for the Treatment of Acute Asthma in the Emergency Department
Authors: Emil M. Skobeloff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Conventional nebulized β-agonist therapy has met with disappointing results in an increasing number of moderate to severe asthmatics who may be characterized as "poor responders." Thirty-eight patients suffering from acute exacerbations of moderate to severe asthma were treated in an emergency department with an intravenous infusion of saline placebo or 1.2 g of magnesium sulfate after conventional β-agonist therapy failed to produce significant improvement in peak expiratory flow rate. Nineteen patients were randomized into each of two groups in a placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The treatment group demonstrated an increase in peak expiratory flow rate from 225 to 297 L/min as compared with 208 to 216 L/min seen in the placebo group. In addition, the number admitted vs discharged was significantly better for the treatment group (7 vs 12) than the placebo group (15 vs 4). Intravenous magnesium sulfate may represent a beneficial adjunct therapy in patients with moderate to severe asthma who show little improvement with β-agonists. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1210-1213)
Generation of Spatially Aligned Collagen Fiber Networks Through Microtransfer Molding
Authors: Nisarga Naik, Jeffrey Caves, Elliot L. Chaikof, Mark G. Allen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

The unique biomechanical properties of native tissue are governed by the organization and composition of integrated collagen and elastin networks. An approach for fabricating spatially aligned, fiber‐reinforced composites with adjustable collagen fiber dimensions, layouts, and distribution within an elastin‐like protein matrix yielding a biocomposite with controllable mechanical responses is reported. Microtransfer molding is employed for the fabrication of hollow and solid collagen fibers with straight or crimped fiber geometries. Collagen fibers (width: 2–50 μm, thickness: 300 nm to 3 μm) exhibit a Young’s modulus of 126 ± 61 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 7 ± 3.2 MPa. As fiber networks within composite structures, straight fiber layouts display orthotropic responses with Young’s modulus ranging from 0.95 ± 0.35 to 10.4 ± 0.5 MPa and tensile strength from 0.22 ± 0.08 to 0.87 ± 0.5 MPa with increasing fraction of collagen fibers (1–10%, v/v). In contrast, composites based on crimped fiber layouts exhibit strain‐dependent stiffness with an increase in Young’s modulus from 0.7 ± 0.14 MPa to 3.15 ± 0.49 MPa, at a specific transition strain. Through controlling the microstructure of engineered collagen fiber networks, a facile means is established to control macroscale mechanical responses of composite protein‐based materials.