tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Metformin on Glucose Homeostasis During Moderate Exercise
Authors: Merethe Hansen, Marie K. Palsøe, Jørn W. Helge, Flemming Dela
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of metformin on glucose kinetics during moderate exercise. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Before, during, and after a 45-min bout of exercise at 60% VO2max, glucose kinetics were determined by isotope tracer technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin treatment (DM2+Met) or without metformin treatment (DM2) and in healthy control subjects (CON) matched for BMI and age. Glucoregulatory hormones and metabolites were measured throughout the study. RESULTS Plasma glucose concentration was unchanged during exercise in CON but decreased in DM2. No significant change was found in DM2+Met. Hormones and metabolites showed no differences among the groups except for elevated exercise-induced concentrations of lactate in DM2 (area under the curve [AUC] 31 ± 1% vs. CON) and glucagon in DM2 (AUC 5 ± 1% vs. DM2+Met). Free fatty acid levels were lower in DM2+Met than in DM2 (AUC −14 ± 1%). Absolute values of the baseline glucose rate of appearance (Ra) were elevated in DM2 and DM2+Met, but the increase in glucose Ra relative to baseline was blunted in DM2 (19 ± 1%) and DM2+Met (18 ± 4%) compared with CON (46 ± 4%). Glucose rate of disappearance relative to baseline increased more in CON (31 ± 3%) than in DM2 (6 ± 1%) and DM2+Met (21 ± 2%), showing a small increase caused by metformin. Glucose metabolic clearance rate relative to baseline was similar during exercise in DM2 (33 ± 1%) and CON (35 ± 3%) but was improved in DM2+Met (37 ± 3%) compared with DM2. CONCLUSIONS Metformin has a positive effect on glucose homeostasis during exercise.
Dignitas is investigated for helping healthy woman to die
Authors: Michael Leidig
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Swiss euthanasia group Dignitas, which claims to offer a dignified death to terminally ill people, is being investigated after a healthy German woman was given a lethal mix of drugs by providing a false medical report.

Dignitas has helped 453 terminally ill Europeans, including 30 British people, to end their lives since it started in 1998. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland, but of the groups registered to provide such assistance only Dignitas offers its services to …
Direct determination of vasa recta blood flow in the rat renal papilla.
Authors: C Holliger, K V Lemley, S L Schmitt, F C Thomas, C R Robertson, R L Jamison
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Blood flow in vasa recta capillaries of the exposed renal papilla of young antidiuretic rats (n = 18) was determined by an adaptation of the video-photometric technique of Intaglietta. The erythrocyte velocity and capillary diameter in vasa recta (n = 97) were measured at the same location by means of fluorescence video microscopy, with fluorescein-labeled bovine gamma-globulin as a plasma marker. A factor relating erythrocyte velocity to mean cross-sectional blood velocity was determined in vitro to permit the calculation of single vasa recta blood flows from the measured indices, erythrocyte velocity and capillary diameter. Mean blood flow in descending vasa recta was 8.83 +/- 0.96 (SE) nl/min, significantly greater than that in ascending vasa recta, 4.82 +/- 0.34 nl/min. The total numbers of ascending and descending vasa recta at the base of the exposed papilla were also determined. Over 1500 vasa recta were identified as ascending vasa recta or descending vasa recta in electron micrographs of three papillas. At this level in the papilla (2 mm from the tip), there were four ascending vasa recta for each descending vas rectum. From the total numbers of ascending vasa recta and descending vas rectum, single vessel blood flows were converted to total blood flow. Total blood outflow in all ascending vasa recta, 11.3 microliter/min, substantially exceeded total blood inflow in all descending vasa recta, 5.2 microliter/min. The difference between outflow and inflow (6.1 microliter/min) represents an estimate of water by the papillary microcirculation, and is more than adequate to accommodate the known rate of water reabsorption from the collecting ducts of the exposed papilla.
Severe olfactory dysfunction may herald cognitive decline in Parkinson disease
Authors: Heather Wood
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2012)

Severe olfactory dysfunction may herald cognitive decline in Parkinson diseaseOlfactory dysfunction has been identified as an early symptom of Parkinson disease (PD), and research from Japan now suggests that severe hyposmia predicts cognitive decline in patients with PD.The 3-year longitudinal study involved 44 patients with PD, none of whom had dementia at baseline.The risk of developing dementia during the course of the study was found to increase 18.7-fold for each 1-SD reduction in baseline odor identification scores.
Cyanide Production From Laetrile in the Presence of Megadoses of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: R. C. Backer, V. Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As previously reported inThe Journal(240:1139, 1978), the "antineoplastic diet" of laetrile proponents calls for megadoses of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) among other dietary requirements. We performed a series of experiments designed to see if ascorbic acid would increase the hydrolysis of laetrile (amygdalin) to benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid (HCN), and therefore increase the probability that the patient would suffer from cyanide poisoning while receiving laetrile therapy. Six Conway microdiffusion cells were prepared as shown in the Table. A plastic cover was sealed in place with a water-soluble starch-glycerol paste. The sealed cells were incubated at 37 °C for one hour and then left an additional hour at room temperature. The potassium hydroxide solutions were then analyzed for cyanide levels by the method of Valentour.<sup>1</sup>The results are also shown in the Table. The Table shows that the presence of ascorbic acid did increase the
Abstract 3155: Tks adaptor proteins and invadopodia formation in the growth and metastasis of melanoma
Authors: Shinji Iizuka, Christine M. Gould, Matthew D. Buschman, Diaz Begoña, Christopher Abdullah, Sara Courtneidge
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Invadopodia are actin-based proteolytic structures which facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. While it was previously believed that invadopodia are not required for tumor cell growth, based on studies in monolayer cell culture, more recently we have noted a role for invadopodia proteins in growth in more physiological 3-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix contexts. From previous work in our lab, the Tks adaptor proteins with 5 (Tks5) and 4 (Tks4) SH3 domains, respectively, were identified as Src kinase substrates and both are essential molecules for functional invadopodia formation in mouse and human cancer cells. Here, we assess the roles of the Tks adaptors in melanoma tumor growth and invasion both in vivo and in vitro. To address the mechanism as to how the Tks adaptors control tumor growth and invasion, in vitro 3D growth assays in collagen I were performed. Knockdown of either Tks4 or Tks5 in C8161.9 or A375 melanoma cells decreased 3D growth in collagen I, a process that also appeared to be dependent upon metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Interestingly, knockdown of either Tks4 or Tks5 in A375 melanoma cells decreased cell-surface expression of MT1-MMP, a key protease involved in tumor growth and metastasis. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis assays in mice using human and mouse melanoma cells depleted of Tks4 or Tks5 by shRNA revealed roles for the Tks adaptors in both the size and the number of lung metastases. Finally, analysis of a human melanoma tissue array with a Tks5 antibody, and RNAseq data, indicates that Tks5 expression is increased in lymph node and other metastases in comparison to nevi and primary sites. These data suggest that the Tks adaptors control melanoma tumor growth and invasion by regulating invadopodia formation and perhaps also cell surface expression of MT1-MMP, and thus contribute to melanoma progression. Citation Format: Shinji Iizuka, Christine M. Gould, Matthew D. Buschman, Diaz Begoña, Christopher Abdullah, Sara Courtneidge. Tks adaptor proteins and invadopodia formation in the growth and metastasis of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3155. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3155
Effect of respiration on Parkinsonian tremor.
Authors: B Livesley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

jouRNAL 28 APR1 1973 241 was based on a significant rise in the titres of complement-fixation and metabolism- inhibiting antibodies to the organism.Cold agglutinins were present in all cases.In two of them agglutination also occurred in blood samples kept at room temperature.All the patients had high serum levels of IgM (330-500 mg/ 100 ml), while the concentra- tions of IgG and IgA were normal.Such a selective increase in IgM is known to occur in infections caused by mycoplasmas.34All the patients had raised serum and urine concentrations of amylase.Analysis of isoenzymes of amylase in serum suggested that the increase in this enzyme in the serum originated from the pancreas.None of the patients had a history of gall stone disease and none took alcohol.No virus was isolated from throat washings and faeces and serological tests for coxsackie B, cytomegalo, and mumps virus were also negative.Three of the four patients had a severely depressed respiratory exchange and two of them had to be treated with a respirator.One patient had E.C.G. changes of the type seen in pericarditis.One of them developed a hyperosmnolar diabetic coma one week before she died.She had a high titre of cold agglutinins and multiple thromboses were found at necropsy.The three patients who survived had an increased concentration of serum amylase for several weeks after the clinical symptoms of pancreatitis had dis- appeared.Two of them had a transient rise in the blood glucose level.A relationship between infectious pan- creatitis, such as in mumps5 and coxsackie B infections,68 and diabetes mellitus has been suggested.In this respect pancreatitis in M. pneumoniae infections requires further in- vestigation.-Weare, etc.,
INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT IN HEAD INJURIES
Authors: JURGEN RUESCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

1. This investigation is concerned with the frequency and nature of intellectual impairment in head injuries. 2. The methods for evaluation of defects are discussed with special reference to the two criteria used in this study: comparison of performance with estimated intelligence, and improvement on repeated examinations. 3. The following tests measured the impairment best: 100-7 test, pictorial absurdities, hole-in-the-board test, pictorial discrimination, naming of colors, and reading. 4. The mental functions affected are primarily: speed, judgment, and ability to keep up a sustained effort. 5. About one-half of all subjects suffering from head injury show slight intellectual defects. These become less marked with increasing remoteness from the time of the injury. If the impairment is reversible, the duration is usually a matter of less than 3 months. 6. The impairment seems to be related to the severity of the brain damage. The more serious the intellectual defect, the higher is the incidence of abnormal neurological signs.
Dynamics of pump function of left ventricular in patients with acute myocardial infarction during lipid‐lowering therapy
Authors: V.A. Shumakov, I.E. Malinivskaya, L.S. Prohna, N.S. Golub, L.F. Kisilrvitch, Y.Y. Shcherback
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Identification of a macromolecular factor in the ileum which binds intrinsic factor and immunologic identification of intrinsic factor in ileal extracts
Authors: Sheldon P. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The precipitate which resulted when (57)CoB(12) bound to normal human gastric juice was subjected to a 15% concentration of Na(2)SO(4) contained virtually no radioactivity. However, after in vivo incubation of the gastric juice-(57)CoB(12) mixture in the distal ileum of the guinea pig, the dialyzed extract of the washed mucosa contained a fraction of (57)CoB(12) which was precipitated at 15% Na(2)SO(4). In addition, in vitro incubation of gastric juice-(57)CoB(12) with an extract of the ileal mucosa or brush border membranes also resulted in the formation of a 15% Na(2)SO(4)-insoluble fraction which contained (57)CoB(12). The formation of this (57)CoB(12)-containing insoluble fraction did not occur or was diminished by (a) addition of an excess of B(12)-free normal human gastric juice. (b) reducing the incubation pH to 2, (c) incubating the mixture at 4 degrees C, (d) pretreating the ileal extract at 56 degrees C for 30 min, (e) incubating the reaction in sodium EDTA but not calcium EDTA, (f) incubating gastric juice-(57)CoB(12) with an extract of jejunal mucosa. Sephadex gel filtration was used to demonstrate that the factor in the ileal extract which reacted with the gastric juice-(57)CoB(12) filtered through G-100 and G-200 columns in the excluded volume. When the ileal extract obtained after in vivo incubation with gastric juice-(57)CoB(12) was subjected to starch gel electrophoresis one peak of radioactivity remained at the origin and another moved anodally. Eluates of each peak reacted with anti-intrinsic factor antibody indicating that at least the immunologically reacting portion of the intrinsic factor molecule was present in two fractions with different electrophoretic mobility.These studies indicate that immunologically intact intrinsic factor can be extracted from the ileum after in vivo incubation with gastric juice-(57)CoB(12), and that a macromolecular factor is present in the distal ileal mucosa which binds intrinsic factor both in vitro and in vivo, changing its solubility and electrophoretic properties. It is suggested that this ileal binding factor is the previously postulated intestinal receptor for intrinsic factor.
Monkey see, monkey do: Learning relations through concrete examples
Authors: Marc T. Tomlinson, Bradley C. Love
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Penn et al. argue that the complexity of relational learning is beyond animals. We discuss a model that demonstrates relational learning need not involve complex processes. Novel stimuli are compared to previous experiences stored in memory. As learning shifts attention from featural to relational cues, the comparison process becomes more analogical in nature, successfully accounting for performance across species and development.
Points from Letters: Disciplinary Committee of the G.M.C
Authors: N. McNeil
Journal: BMJ (1966)

that thoughtless minority who are out to claim all they can without concern for their doctor's discomfiture.Rather than embark on propaganda designed to prevent abuse of a tottering ser- vice I look forward to the day when a more positive approach becomes evident-namely, providing the general practitioner with the proper premises and facilities so badly needed to cope adequately with the sort of medicine required of him in this modern age.If distributing leaflets is the best that can be done I hope the planners find other means of so doing rather than through us.-Iam, etc., Resolven, Glam.
Use of Fetal Ultrasound to Select Metabolic Therapy for Pregnancies Complicated by Mild Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Thomas A Buchanan, Siri L Kjos, Martin N Montoro, Paul Y K Wu, Nelson G Madrilejo, Martha Gonzalez, Victoria Nunez, Patricia M Pantoja, Anny Xiang
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether fetal ultrasound early in the third trimester can identify Latina with mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) whose fetuses are at risk for macrosomia and, if so, whether maternal insulin therapy can reduce that risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study subjects included 303 consecutive women with GDM and a fasting serum glucose level &amp;lt;5.8 mM on diet therapy who had a fetal ultrasound between 29 and 33 weeks gestation. Of the women, 98 (32%) had a fetal AC ≥ 75th percentile for gestational age, and 59 women completed a randomized trial of diet therapy (n = 29) or diet plus twice daily insulin (n = 30). Maternal nutrient levels were assessed by meal tolerance testing (MTT) before and during therapy and by capillary glucose monitoring four to seven times a day. Birth weights corrected for gestational age and neonatal glycemia and skin folds were the primary outcome variables compared between treatment groups. RESULTS Diet and diet-plus-insulin groups were well matched for maternal age, prepregnancy relative weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and glycemia at entry. Insulin therapy reduced maternal capillary (P &amp;lt; 0.005) and MTT (P &amp;lt; 0.001) glucose levels and prevented a diet-associated rise in MTT triglyceride levels (P &amp;lt; 0.002). Gestational age at delivery was similar in insulin- and diet-treated groups (39.6 ± 0.2 vs. 39.5 ± 0.2 weeks). Birth weights (3,647 ± 67 vs. 3,878 ± 84 g; P &amp;lt; 0.02), the prevalence of large-for-gestational age infants (13 vs. 45%, P &amp;lt; 0.02), and neonatal skin-fold measurements at three sites (P &amp;lt; 0.005) were reduced in the insulin-treated group. Rates of transient neonatal hypoglycemia were low in both treatment groups (14 and 18%, respectively) and didnot differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS Fetal ultrasound early in the third trimester identified women with mild GDM whose infants were at high risk for fetal macrosomia in the absence of standard glycemic criteria for insulin therapy. Insulin treatment reduced the macrosomia, indicating that fetal ultrasound can be used to guide metabolic therapy in pregnancies complicated by mild GDM.
Tubal Ligation, Hysterectomy, and Risk of Ovarian Cancer-Reply
Authors: Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Dr Myers, we unfortunately do not have data on the type of hysterectomy procedure performed (vaginal or abdominal). In response to Dr Silver, we asked women about their use of contraceptive foam or jelly on the first three study questionnaires. Only 6040 women reported use in 1976; reported use decreased on each subsequent questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis controlling for other ovarian cancer risk factors, the relative risk associated with use of foam or jelly was 0.60 with wide 95% confidence limits (0.24, 1.46); thus, further follow-up will be needed. As described in our article, we agree that a possible mechanism is the prevention of ovarian exposure by contaminants other than talc. We do not concur with Dr Wahlberg's observation that our data indicate a protective effect of condom use; the relative risk, although less than 1.0, was not near statistical significance. Dr Whitmore makes
Short-Term Moderate Weight Loss and Resistance Training Do Not Affect Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Lyndon J.O. Joseph, Todd A. Trappe, Peter A. Farrell, Wayne W. Campbell, Kevin E. Yarasheski, Charles P. Lambert, William J. Evans
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Moderate weight loss and exercise have been proposed as important tools in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that short-term (4 weeks) moderate energy restriction (-750 kcal/day) would result in a significant increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (40 mU x m(-2) x min(-1) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) in moderately overweight postmenopausal women and that when combined with resistance training (RT) an even greater effect would be seen.Older women were randomly assigned to energy restriction (WLoss group; n = 9) or energy restriction plus RT (RT + WLoss group; n = 10).For the WLoss versus the RT + WLoss groups, changes in body weight (-3.0 +/- 0.2 kg vs. -3.2 +/- 0.3 kg), fat mass (FM) (-3.0 +/- 0.3 kg vs. -3.2 +/- 0.3 kg), and percent body fat (BF) (-2.1 +/- 0.4 vs. -2.4 +/- 0.3%) were not different between groups. Muscle mass (group-by-time interaction, P = 0.04) was preserved in RT + WLoss (0.40 +/- 0.40 kg) and reduced in WLoss (-0.64 +/- 0.18 kg). There were no changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and waist-to-hip ratio in either group. Whole body glucose disposal (WLoss 6.14 +/- 0.57 vs. 6.03 +/- 0.53, RT + WLoss 5.85 +/- 0.60 vs. 6.09 +/- 0.56 mg/kg of FFM/min) did not change in either group.The results of this study demonstrate that short-term energy restriction resulting in moderate decreases in body weight (4.0 +/- 0.3%) and FM (8.2 +/- 0.7%) did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. The addition of RT to the hypoenergetic diet preserved muscle mass but provided no synergistic effect on insulin action. These results suggest that a greater change in body weight or FM may be necessary to observe a significant improvement in insulin action.
Target proteins of C/EBPαp30 in AML: C/EBPαp30 enhances sumoylation of C/EBPαp42 via up-regulation of Ubc9
Authors: Mulu Geletu, Mumtaz Y. Balkhi, Abdul A. Peer Zada, Maximilian Christopeit, John A. Pulikkan, Arun K. Trivedi, Daniel G. Tenen, Gerhard Behre
Journal: Blood (2007)
Fluid loading to reduce abnormalities of fetal heart rate and maternal hypotension during epidural analgesia in labour.
Authors: K M Collins, D R Bevan, R W Beard
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Fetal heart rate (FHR) was recorded and maternal blood pressure measured in 104 patients in whom lumbar epidural analgesia was induced in labour. Fifty-one patients received an intravenous load of 11 of Hartmann9s solution immediately before the epidural injection. This infusion significantly reduced the incidence of abnormalities of FHR from 34% to 12% and of maternal hypotension from 28% to 2%. We did not study mothers with pre-eclampsia and hypertension, but we conclude that there is a strong case for preloading all other mothers in whom lumbar epidural analgesia is induced in labour.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Bone
Authors: John L. Sbarbaro
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Fifty histologically proved cases of eosinophilic granuloma of bone were studied. Male patients outnumbered females, 31 to 19. Ages ranged from 8 months to 53 years (average, 14 years). Only 9 patients thought that the onset was caused by trauma. Pathologic fractures occurred in 7. Eosinophilia was noted in only 5 cases. Treatment was by surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Symptoms usually subsided within 2 weeks after treatment, and the average healing period for solitary lesions was 16 months.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PURIFICATION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Pierre Grabar, Henry P. Treffers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Tested quantitatively, antibody recovered by dissociation of specific precipitates from antipneumococcus sera reacts with homologous polysaccharide almost as does the antibody in the original sera. 2. The dissociation methods employed appear to yield a portion of all of the anticarbohydrates of differing reactivities in the sera, rather than a fraction of low or high reactivity. 3. The reversible inactivation of purified pneumococcus anticarbohydrate by formaldehyde is confirmed, and the failure of data on the formaldehyde-antibody reaction to permit a choice between alternative theories of specific precipitation is shown.