tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of sulphur dioxide induced bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic man.
Authors: P D Snashall, C Baldwin
Journal: Thorax (1982)

We have examined the inhibitory effect of atropine and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on the bronchial response to sulphur dioxide (SO2) in groups of normal and asthmatic subjects. Eleven normal subjects were premedicated with propranolol (100 mg orally) one hour before each experiment. After baseline measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) the subject inhaled an aerosol from a Wright nebuliser for five minutes. In separate experiments this contained water (control), atropine methonitrate (0 . 2%), or SCG (1%). Fifteen minutes later sGaw was remeasured and the subject then breathed SO2 (8 ppm) for three minutes through the mouth. Specific airways conductance was measured for the duration of the subsequent response. Intervals between experiments on any one subject were one week or more. After control SO2 inhalation sGaw decreased in all subjects (mean 34 +/- 17 (SD)%). Atropine and SCG significantly inhibited the SO2 response (p less than 0 . 01 for both). After atropine the mean decrease in sGaw was 13 +/- 24%; after SCG 16 +/- 12% (range -3- + 55%). With atropine the degree of inhibition was inversely related to the subject9s responsiveness to the control SO2 inhalation (r = 0 . 75; p less than 0 . 01). In four asthmatics (without beta-blockade and with lower SO2 exposure) atropine did not inhibit the SO2 response; SCG had a similar effect to that seen in normal subjects. Therefore, vagal efferent mechanisms are involved in the bronchial response to SO2 in normal subjects, but the lack of inhibition caused by atropine in hyperreactive normal and asthmatic subjects suggests that vagal mechanisms are not important in the causation of hyperreactivity to SO2. The mechanism of inhibition with SCG is unknown.
Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, Chlorproguanil-Dapsone, or Chloroquine for the Treatment of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Afghanistan and Pakistan
Authors: Toby Leslie, M. Ismail Mayan, M. Anwar Hasan, M. Hanif Safi, Eveline Klinkenberg, Christopher J. M. Whitty, Mark Rowland
Journal: JAMA (2007)

HERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 70 million to 80 million cases of Plasmodium vivax each year, accounting for more than 50% of all malaria cases outside Africa. 1 Although rarely fatal, P vivax infection is a major cause of morbidity and affects economic performance at individual and national levels. 2Outside Africa, there is a significant overlap between Plasmodium falciparum and P vivax, and in most areas they coexist. 3Chloroquine usually remains effective against P vivax malaria, especially where it has failed against P falciparum. 4 This has resulted in divergent treatments for the 2 species, with artemisinin combination therapies being recommended for use in P falciparum malaria cases.Where diagnostic services are good and species differentiation into P falciparum and P vivax malaria is reliable, this 2-drug policy is easy to maintain.Equally in areas in which almost all malaria is caused by drug-resistant P falciparum malaria, with little P vivax, a policy that treats all patients with an artemisinin combination therapy should be costeffective.
Changes in glucose tolerance and development of gall stones during high dose treatment with octreotide for acromegaly.
Authors: J. A. McKnight, D. R. McCance, J. G. Crothers, A. B. Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Baseline 30 min 180 minPlasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor in six patients before and after pericardiocentesis.Bars represent mean and standard deviation; reference range is shadedOur results confirm a previous case report in which a sharp rise in plasma atrial natriuretic factor was recorded immediately after pericardiocentesis.3A similar twofold to threefold increase was also described after pericardiectomy in a patient with chronic con- strictive pericarditis.4These findings are in strong contrast to other conditions, such as left ventricular failure, in which cardiac filling pressures are correlated with circulating concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor.5 Clinical deterioration is associated with a further increase in peptide concentrations, while treat- ments which lower cardiac filling pressures also lower plasma atrial natriuretic factor values.' Our findings suggest that raised atrial pressure does not directly stimulate the release of atrial natriuretic factor.Rather, raised filling pressures increase atrial disten- sion, which in turn increases secretion of the peptide.Further support for this hypothesis has come from a definitive experiment, conducted in anaesthetised dogs, in which the induction of cardiac tamponade did not increase plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor despite a considerable increase in atrial pressures.In contrast there was a threefold rise in peptide values when atrial pressures were raised to a similar degree by constriction of the great arteries.We conclude that in humans, as in this animal model, the primary stimulus for the release of atrial natriuretic factor is atrial distension.Dr Northridge was supported by the British Heart Foundation.We thank Miss Jackie Doyle for technical help.
Temporary pacing before permanent pacing should be avoided unless essential
Authors: D. J R Hildick-Smith, M. C Petch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Fitchet and Fitzpatrick report a case of air embolism resulting from a poorly sealed temporary pacing wire,1 but they do not discuss an important point—namely, that insertion of a temporary pacing wire before permanent pacing is hazardous and should be avoided unless essential.2 Insertion of a temporary wire in …
Constructing a classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community
Authors: L. K. Tanno, M. A. Calderon, B. J. Goldberg, J. Gayraud, A. J. Bircher, T. Casale, J. Li, M. Sanchez-Borges, L. J. Rosenwasser, R. Pawankar, N. G. Papadopoulos, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2015)

The global allergy community strongly believes that the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) offers a unique opportunity to improve the classification and coding of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases via inclusion of a specific chapter dedicated to this disease area to facilitate epidemiological studies, as well as to evaluate the true size of the allergy epidemic. In this context, an international collaboration has decided to revise the classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases and to validate it for ICD-11 by crowdsourcing the allergist community. After careful comparison between ICD-10 and 11 beta phase linearization codes, we identified gaps and trade-offs allowing us to construct a classification proposal, which was sent to the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) sections, interest groups, executive committee as well as the World Allergy Organization (WAO), and American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) leaderships. The crowdsourcing process produced comments from 50 of 171 members contacted by e-mail. The classification proposal has also been discussed at face-to-face meetings with experts of EAACI sections and interest groups and presented in a number of business meetings during the 2014 EAACI annual congress in Copenhagen. As a result, a high-level complex structure of classification for hypersensitivity/allergic diseases has been constructed. The model proposed has been presented to the WHO groups in charge of the ICD revision. The international collaboration of allergy experts appreciates bilateral discussion and aims to get endorsement of their proposals for the final ICD-11.
ECMO criteria for influenza A (H1N1)-associated ARDS: role of transpulmonary pressure
Authors: Salvatore Grasso, Pierpaolo Terragni, Alberto Birocco, Rosario Urbino, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Claudia Filippini, Luciana Mascia, Antonio Pesenti, Alberto Zangrillo, Luciano Gattinoni, V. Marco Ranieri
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Melanoma associated with tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors: a Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports (RADAR) project
Authors: B. Nardone, J.A. Hammel, D.W. Raisch, L.L. Weaver, D. Schneider, D.P. West
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFαIs) are used for treatment of inflammatory disorders. There is evidence linking these agents with occurrence of malignancies. For four out of five TNFαIs the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label states, 'melanoma has been reported in patients treated with these agents'.To determine whether a statistically significant association exists between administration of TNFαIs and development of malignant melanoma.We searched the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database for terms related to melanoma and TNFαIs for detection of safety signals. We also searched a large urban academic electronic medical record (EMR) database for which we calculated the relative risk (RR) of melanoma in subjects exposed to TNFαIs vs. nonexposed subjects.There were 972 reports of melanoma associated with a TNFαI identified in the FAERS database, with 69 reports among individuals using more than one TNFαI. A safety signal was detected for infliximab, golimumab, etanercept and adalimumab, but not certolizumab pegol. For TNFαIs as a class of drugs, a safety signal was detectable in the FAERS database, and RR was significant in the EMR database. For the EMR cohort, 6045 patients were exposed to TNFαIs and 35 cases of melanoma were detected. Significance for RR was detected for adalimumab (RR 1·8, P = 0·02) and etanercept (RR 2·35, P = 0·0004 < 0·001).We identified a significant association between exposure to TNFαIs and malignant melanoma in two different analyses. Our findings add to existing evidence linking these agents with the occurrence of malignant melanoma. Additional investigations are required to explore this association further along with the risk of melanoma with TNFαI therapy.
Hysterectomy and sexual wellbeing: prospective observational study of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: J.-P. W R Roovers
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To compare the effects of vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy on sexual wellbeing. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational study over six months. <b>Setting</b> 13 teaching and non-teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. <b>Participants</b> 413 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign disease other than symptomatic prolapse of the uterus and endometriosis. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Reported sexual pleasure, sexual activity, and bothersome sexual problems. <b>Results</b> Sexual pleasure significantly improved in all patients, independent of the type of hysterectomy. The prevalence of one or more bothersome sexual problems six months after vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy was 43% (38/89), 41% (31/76), and 39% (57/145), respectively (χ<sup>2</sup> test, P = 0.88). <b>Conclusion</b> Sexual pleasure improves after vaginal hysterectomy, subtotal abdominal hysterectomy, and total abdominal hysterectomy. The persistence and development of bothersome problems during sexual activity were similar for all three techniques.
Management of a Solitary Thyroid Nodule
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Ernest L. Mazzaferri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The solitary thyroid nodule, defined as a palpably discrete swelling within an otherwise apparently normal gland, is usually a benign lesion. However, patient and physician alike are typically concerned about the possibility of thyroid cancer. This review describes a strategy for the treatment of clinically euthyroid patients who have a solitary thyroid nodule that prevents unnecessary testing while identifying the few patients who require therapy. Management has changed in recent years, but important differences of opinion remain over which nodules should be surgically excised. Several recent reviews address these issues comprehensively13.Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and CancerThe . . .
Manual of Human Cross Section Anatomy
Authors: Dudley J. Morton, Raymond C. Truex, Kellner, Carl E. , b.
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
310 PDGF-B has profibrogenic activity in the liver-studies on a transgenic mouse model with liver specific overexpression of PDGF-B
Authors: P. Czochra, J.F. Garcia-Lazaro, F.R. Thieringer, E. Meyer, D. Friebe, M. Blessing, P.R. Galle, A.W. Lohse, S. Kanzler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Funding: Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Desensitization in a VIH-Infected Child
Authors: J.M. Del Rio-Chivardi, M.A. Rosas-Vargas, J.A. Luna-Pech, J.J.L. Sienra-Monge, B.E. Del Rio-Navarro
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: ARTHUR B. SIMON, ALAN E. ZLOTO
Journal: Circulation (1974)

One hundred and ninety patients over the age of two operated upon for coarctation of the aorta from 1957 to 1972 at one institution were followed for one to 15.5 years (mean, 6.6 years). There were eleven cardiovascular deaths in the follow-up period. The mean age at death was 32.5 years. Two-thirds of the patients had an associated cardiovascular anomaly; 74 had coexistent aortic valve disease, and 19 had mitral stenosis or insufficiency. Five patients had a significant central nervous system event in the late postoperative period. Left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram was noted in 45, and 72 had radiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. A significant persistent or residual hemodynamic abnormality, either congenital heart disease, residual coarctation or persistent diastolic hypertension, could account for the residual electrocardiographic or radiographic abnormality. The data indicate that this population requires continuing care despite correction of the coarctation.
Germany abolishes its compulsory retirement age for doctors
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A new law abolishing the compulsory retirement age of 68 for GPs and specialists in primary care in Germany came into effect at the beginning of this month. The new law has been introduced because of a shortage of doctors in rural areas and small towns, especially in east Germany.

The German Medical Association (Bundesarztekammer), which has long advocated an end to the age limit, which was brought in in 1993, welcomed the law. “The age restriction was out of date. It does not make sense to stop doctors treating their patients if their patients …
Statistical Properties of Two Teststhat Use Multilocus Data Sets to Detect Population Expansions
Authors: D. E. Reich, M. W. Feldman, D. B. Goldstein
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We describe two methods for detecting population expansions based on variation at unlinked microsatellite loci.The tests were first used in a study of human demographic history that showed evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa.Here, we provide a simple recipe for applying the tests to other data sets and describe the power of the tests as a function of the sample size, number of loci, mutation rate, diploid population size N 0 , and time since expansion.An important property of the tests is that as long as the population doubles at least once every 0.1N 0 generations, where N 0 now represents the pre-expansion population size, and the overall factor of expansion is sufficiently large, the signal of growth will be nearly identical to one generated by a sudden and massive expansion.This greatly simplifies the mathematical modeling necessary to evaluate the test results but also means that many patterns of growth will be indistinguishable using the tests.A second conclusion from our analysis is that the tests show different sensitivities to specific deviations from the biological and demographic models.Hence, more information can be garnered from the two tests taken together than from either alone.
High resolution transcriptome maps for wild-type and nonsense-mediated decay-defective Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Arun K Ramani, Andrew C Nelson, Philipp Kapranov, Ian Bell, Thomas R Gingeras, Andrew G Fraser
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

While many genome sequences are complete, transcriptomes are less well characterized. We used both genome-scale tiling arrays and massively parallel sequencing to map the Caenorhabditis elegans transcriptome across development. We utilized this framework to identify transcriptome changes in animals lacking the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. We find that while the majority of detectable transcripts map to known gene structures, >5% of transcribed regions fall outside current gene annotations. We show that >40% of these are novel exons. Using both technologies to assess isoform complexity, we estimate that >17% of genes change isoform across development. Next we examined how the transcriptome is perturbed in animals lacking NMD. NMD prevents expression of truncated proteins by degrading transcripts containing premature termination codons. We find that approximately 20% of genes produce transcripts that appear to be NMD targets. While most of these arise from splicing errors, NMD targets are enriched for transcripts containing open reading frames upstream of the predicted translational start (uORFs). We identify a relationship between the Kozak consensus surrounding the true start codon and the degree to which uORF-containing transcripts are targeted by NMD and speculate that translational efficiency may be coupled to transcript turnover via the NMD pathway for some transcripts. We generated a high-resolution transcriptome map for C. elegans and used it to identify endogenous targets of NMD. We find that these transcripts arise principally through splicing errors, strengthening the prevailing view that splicing and NMD are highly interlinked processes.
Acquisition, spread, and control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit.
Authors: R Freeman, P K McPeake
Journal: Thorax (1982)

The isolation rate and spread of infection and colonisation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit was studied over two and a half years. The overall acquisition rate was low (2.68%) and was concentrated in the group of patients undergoing prolonged intensive care (over seven days). Although some cross-infection from long-stay to short-stay patients occurred in 1978 and 1979, when cubicle isolation was inadequate, acquisition of Ps aeruginosa was confined to the long-stay group when isolation facilities became sufficient. Further study of the long-stay patients disclosed two factors--use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and tracheostomy--significantly associated with acquisition of Ps aeruginosa. The possible uses of the results obtained and the particular relevance of a policy of narrow-spectrum chemoprophylaxis for open-heart surgery are discussed.
Reorganization 1980 Style — The BMA Debates — Interferon: A New Wonder Drug?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

STUDENTS of the British National Health Service (NHS) will recall that it was introduced on July 5, 1948, reorganized on April 1, 1974, and is about to be reorganized again. The reorganization that took place in 1974 has been widely criticized. One of the major objectives of this reorganization was to unify the administration of the hospitals, the general-practitioner service, and the public health service — these three services having been separately administered since the introduction of the NHS. To some extent this unification was achieved in 1974, although general practitioners still hold contracts of service with family-practitioner committees rather . . .
Reconstruction of Damaged Corneas by Transplantation of Autologous Limbal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ray Jui-Fang Tsai, Lien-Min Li, Jan-Kan Chen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The Stevens–Johnson syndrome, ocular pemphigoid, and thermal or chemical burns can cause scarring and opacification of the cornea and loss of vision. Transplantation of epithelial cells from the limbus of the contralateral cornea can restore useful vision. However, this procedure requires a large limbal graft from the healthy eye and is not possible in patients who have bilateral lesions.
Atypical Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome Associated with a Hybrid Complement Gene
Authors: Julian P Venables, Lisa Strain, Danny Routledge, David Bourn, Helen M Powell, Paul Warwicker, Martha L Diaz-Torres, Anne Sampson, Paul Mead, Michelle Webb, Yves Pirson, Michael S Jackson, Anne Hughes, Katrina M Wood, Judith A Goodship, Timothy H. J Goodship
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Sequence analysis of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) cluster of genes at chromosome position 1q32 shows evidence of several large genomic duplications. These duplications have resulted in a high degree of sequence identity between the gene for factor H (CFH) and the genes for the five factor H-related proteins (CFHL1–5; aliases CFHR1–5). CFH mutations have been described in association with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). The majority of the mutations are missense changes that cluster in the C-terminal region and impair the ability of factor H to regulate surface-bound C3b. Some have arisen as a result of gene conversion between CFH and CFHL1. In this study we tested the hypothesis that nonallelic homologous recombination between low-copy repeats in the RCA cluster could result in the formation of a hybrid CFH/CFHL1 gene that predisposes to the development of aHUS. Methods and Findings In a family with many cases of aHUS that segregate with the RCA cluster we used cDNA analysis, gene sequencing, and Southern blotting to show that affected individuals carry a heterozygous CFH/CFHL1 hybrid gene in which exons 1–21 are derived from CFH and exons 22/23 from CFHL1. This hybrid encodes a protein product identical to a functionally significant CFH mutant (c.3572C>T, S1191L and c.3590T>C, V1197A) that has been previously described in association with aHUS. Conclusions CFH mutation screening is recommended in all aHUS patients prior to renal transplantation because of the high risk of disease recurrence post-transplant in those known to have a CFH mutation. Because of our finding it will be necessary to implement additional screening strategies that will detect a hybrid CFH/CFHL1 gene.