tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – Results from a Family Study
Authors: Hans Joergen Grabe, Stephan Ruhrmann, Susan Ettelt, Angela Müller, Friederike Buhtz, Andrea Hochrein, Svenja Schulze-Rauschenbach, Klaus Meyer, Susanne Kraft, Claudia Reck, Ralf Pukrop, Joachim Klosterkötter, Peter Falkai, Wolfgang Maier, Michael Wagner, Ulrich John, Harald J. Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Previous studies have suggested an association between alexithymia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, it is unclear to which extent alexithymic traits in OCD patients reflect familial deficits in cognitively processing and communicating feelings that are also present in their first-degree relatives. This study investigates the hypotheses of an elevated level of alexithymia in subjects with OCD and their first-degree relatives compared to controls and their first-degree relatives. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 82 cases with OCD and 169 first-degree relatives were compared to 76 controls and 144 first-degree relatives from a German family study on OCD (GENOS). All subjects completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Direct or family informant interviews were carried out with the German version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – lifetime version for anxiety disorders (DSM-IV). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; OCD was associated with significantly higher scores of alexithymia. However, first-degree relatives of OCD cases and of controls did not differ in TAS-20 scores. In linear regression analyses, the TAS-20 total score showed significant intrafamilial associations within the families of control subjects but not within families of OCD cases. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; OCD is a severe mental disorder that is associated independently from other current comorbid axis I disorders with deficits in identifying and expressing feelings. However, alexithymia does not represent a familial risk factor for OCD.
Effects of ozone and endotoxin coexposure on rat airway epithelium: potentiation of toxicant-induced alterations.
Authors: J G Wagner, J A Hotchkiss, J R Harkema
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Tropospheric ozone is the major oxidizing component in photochemical smog and is one of the most pervasive problems to human health of the criteria air pollutants for which the National Ambient Air Quality Standards have been designated by the Clean Air Act. Although many adverse health effects of ozone exposure have been documented in both humans and laboratory animals, controversy surrounds the establishment and implementation of ozone standards set forth by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Because people are commonly exposed to more than one air pollutant at a time, studies that examine coexposures to airborne materials may be more relevant for assessing their risks to human health. Airborne biogenic substances such as pollens, spores, and bacterial products are ubiquitous in the environment, and when inhaled can cause adverse respiratory symptoms. One such biogenic agent, bacterial endotoxin, is a potent stimulus of airway inflammation and is a ubiquitous airborne contaminant commonly found in domestic, agricultural, and industrial settings. Little is known about the interaction of exposures to biogenic substances and criteria air pollutants such as ozone. In the last few years we have performed a series of studies in rodents that examined the biologic responses of the respiratory epithelium after airway exposures to both endotoxin and ozone. When exposed to ozone (0.5 ppm 8 hr/day for 3 days), Fischer rats develop lesions in the nasal transitional epithelium, whereas intranasal instillation of endotoxin (20 microg) elicits epithelial lesions in the respiratory epithelium of the nose and conducting airways. Our studies were designed to examine how exposure to one toxicant may affect the airway epithelial lesions induced by the other toxicant. We investigated the potential role of acute inflammation in the enhancement of airway epithelial lesions after exposure of these two toxicants in neutrophil-sufficient and neutrophil-deficient rodents. A summary of these results indicates that epithelial and inflammatory responses to coexposure of these two pollutants are greater than those elicited by either agent alone. Interestingly, each toxicant enhances the epithelial alterations induced by the other. Furthermore, the synergistic effects elicited by coexposure to ozone and endotoxin are mediated partly by neutrophils. These studies provided some new insights into how inhaled co-pollutants interact to initiate and promote alterations of airway epithelium. Further studies with these and other air pollutants will help define their true risk to human health.
Indomethacin and Occult Infections-Reply
Authors: Joe G. Hardin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

With reference to my report of a clinically chronic and roentgenographically quiescent<i>P mirabilis</i>hip arthritis, the suggestion has been made that the patient's indomethacin therapy may have been responsible for its occultation rather than some peculiar property of the infecting organism. Obviously, I had no evidence to support the suggestion that this phenomenon may be peculiar to<i>P mirabilis</i>infections, and only the limitations of space prevented me from speculating on other possible causes. After rereading the last paragraph of my article, I admit that this notion is too strongly implied. I also admit that I had not previously been aware of Dr Block's report; perhaps the somewhat misleading title, "Indomethacin," prevented it from coming to my attention. I appreciate his pointing it out and agree that this drug may have played an important role in masking the infection of the patient whose case I reported. This
Cytomegalovirus Immune Plasma in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients
Authors: Drew J. Winston, Richard B. Pollard, Winston G. Ho, James G. Gallagher, Lucille E. Rasmussen, Shena Nan-Ying Huang, Chenghsein Lin, Thomas G. Gossett, Thomas C. Merigan, Robert Peter Gale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The effects of passive immunization on cytomegalovirus infection and interstitial pneumonia in marrow transplants were evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial. Twenty-four patients received cytomegalovirus immune plasma before and after transplantation, and 24 patients were controls. Although the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection was similar in the control and plasma groups, symptomatic infection (12 of 24 versus five of 24, p = 0.07) and interstitial pneumonia (11 of 24 versus five of 24, p = 0.12) occurred less frequently in the group receiving plasma. Cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 11 of 13 recipients of leukocyte transfusions and in 16 of 35 patients not given leukocyte transfusions (p = 0.02). Among patients not given leukocyte transfusions, the incidence of cytomegalovirus infection was similar in the control and plasma groups, but symptomatic infection (eight of 18 versus one of 17, p = 0.03) and interstitial pneumonia (nine of 18 versus one of 17, p = 0.01) were significantly less in the group receiving plasma. These results suggest that passive immunization modifies cytomegalovirus infection in humans and prevents interstitial pneumonia in marrow transplants, especially when leukocyte transfusions are not used.
Depth-of-Anesthesia Monitor and the Frequency of Intraoperative Awareness
Authors: Beverley A. Orser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

More than 21 million patients in North America alone receive general anesthesia each year,1 and thanks to increasing knowledge, skill, and sophisticated technology, the vast majority of anesthetic procedures are uneventful. However, a rare but serious adverse event is the explicit recall of sensory perceptions during general anesthesia, termed “awareness” or “intraoperative awareness.” The incidence of awareness may be as high as 1 or 2 for every 1000 patients, possibly higher among children.25 Awareness occurs more frequently among patients who have received neuromuscular-blocking drugs, who cannot signal to the medical team that they are conscious.3 In most cases, awareness . . .
Emergency Medical Care: The Neglected Public Service: The Connecticut Experience
Authors: Lawrence L. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Until this book was published, there was no definitive source of information nor cogent analysis of the true emergency function of the health care system in the United States. Certain planners, some hospital administrators, and the general public have viewed the "emergency room" variously as a convenience, an overly expensive triage station, and an abomination. These same people have raised their voices to demand all sorts of changes to meet parochial, if not self-proclaimed, needs. In the meantime, quietly and almost inexorably, others have forged highly effective methods to handle the daily work load of the Emergency Department. The authors have produced an outstanding study of the development, function, and practical limitation of this new concept. Presenting an in-depth study of a reasonably representative sample of the American medical scene, the book examines the state of Connecticut over a period of three years. Starting with a ten-year retrospect as a
Authors respond to criticism of rheumatoid arthritis twin study
Authors: A. Svendsen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The letter by MacGregor et al in response to our twin study focuses on three points: heritability, bias, and the contribution of specific genes to the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis.1

MacGregor et al state that two previous twin studies on rheumatoid arthritis have reported comparable heritability estimates at approximately 60%. But a heritability estimate is a theoretical concept relying on several assumptions which cannot at present be met in rheumatoid arthritis. Besides, heritability estimates are population specific since the variation of environmental and genetic …
A 17‐kDa allergen detected in pine nuts
Authors: J. M. García‐Menaya, M. A. Gonzalo‐Garijo, I. Moneo, B. Fernández, F. García‐González, F. Moreno
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Few cases of allergy to pine nuts have been described. We report a case of anaphylactic reaction to pine nuts. The patient needed to be treated in the emergency room due to a systemic reaction immediately after eating pine nuts. Methods: The patient was studied by prick tests and prick by prick tests. Specific IgE was measured by CAP and by SDS–PAGE/immunoblotting by a diffusion method. Results: The patient showed positive prick by prick tests to pine nuts (12 mm of maximum wheal diameter). Specific IgE was positive (0.79 kU/l). The patient's serum recognized several proteins by immunoblot. However, a 17‐kDa allergen band was detected with high intensity. This protein was found to be sensitive to reducing agents, losing its IgE‐binding properties after reduction. Conclusions: The patient presented an IgE‐mediated reaction and detected a 17‐kDa protein from pine nuts not previously described.
Identification of novel cluster groups in pediatric high-risk B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with gene expression profiling: correlation with genome-wide DNA copy number alterations, clinical characteristics, and outcome
Authors: Richard C. Harvey, Charles G. Mullighan, Xuefei Wang, Kevin K. Dobbin, George S. Davidson, Edward J. Bedrick, I-Ming Chen, Susan R. Atlas, Huining Kang, Kerem Ar, Carla S. Wilson, Walker Wharton, Maurice Murphy, Meenakshi Devidas, Andrew J. Carroll, Michael J. Borowitz, W. Paul Bowman, James R. Downing, Mary Relling, Jun Yang, Deepa Bhojwani, William L. Carroll, Bruce Camitta, Gregory H. Reaman, Malcolm Smith, Stephen P. Hunger, Cheryl L. Willman
Journal: Blood (2010)
Role of Src family members in breast cancer-dependent on site of phosphorylation.
Authors: B Elsberger, SM Tovey, BA Tan, SB Brown, VG Brunton, EA Mallon, TG Cooke, J Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2074 Background: In vitro work implicates c-Src in breast cancer. However there is little evidence to support this in clinical specimens. Activation of Src family members are associated with phosphorylation at two different tyrosine sites Y419: the classical activation site and Y215, known to induce a 50-fold increase in activation.&amp;#x2028; We have analysed a cohort of human breast cancers to establish if expression levels of 2 Src family members (c-Src and Lyn) are associated with survival and whether this is dependent on site of activation.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Tissue microarrays were constructed from 895 breast cancer tumors. Median follow up was 6 years with 229 breast cancer specific deaths. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to c-Src, Lyn, pSrc419 and pSrc215 (antibodies to Y419 and Y215 will detect phosphorylation of either c-Src and Lyn). Expression was assessed by two independent scorers. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 15.&amp;#x2028; Results: Membrane expression of c-Src and Lyn was rarely observed. However, cytoplasmic expression of c-Src and Lyn was frequently observed and further results presented relate to this site. High expression levels of c-Src but not Lyn were associated with HER2 positivity (p=0.001) and ER negativity (p&amp;lt;0.001).&amp;#x2028; High c-Src expression was associated with a poor outcome. In direct contrast pSrc215 was associated with improved outcome on univariate and multivariate analysis.&amp;#x2028; Antibodies to phosphorylation sites will detect both activated c-Src and Lyn (and other family members). The individual impact of phosphorylation on clinical outcome was determined by categorising expression based on overexpression of c-Src or Lyn in combination with activation at each site.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that phosphorylation of c-Src at Y419 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. In contrast phosphorylation at Y215 was independently associated with better outcome.&amp;#x2028; Further work is ongoing to explore our hypothesis that:&amp;#x2028; 1. phosphorylation at 215 'deactivates' c-Src or desensitizes downstream pathways or,&amp;#x2028; 2. that activation of Lyn or other Src family members at 215 is responsible for good outcome.&amp;#x2028; If confirmed, these results strongly suggest that commercial development of highly specific Src inhibitors is necessary and that these will require appropriate patient selection. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2074.
Baseline Repeated Measures from Controlled Human Exposure Studies: Associations between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and the Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers IL-6 and Fibrinogen
Authors: Aaron M.S. Thompson, Antonella Zanobetti, Frances Silverman, Joel Schwartz, Brent Coull, Bruce Urch, Mary Speck, Jeffrey R. Brook, Michael Manno, Diane R. Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

IntroductionSystemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms mediating the association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen are biomarkers of systemic inflammation that are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between ambient air pollution and systemic inflammation using baseline measurements of IL-6 and fibrinogen from controlled human exposure studies.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis we used repeated-measures data in 45 nonsmoking subjects. Hourly and daily moving averages were calculated for ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). Linear mixed-model regression determined the effects of the pollutants on systemic IL-6 and fibrinogen. Effect modification by season was considered.ResultsWe observed a positive association between IL-6 and O3 [0.31 SD per O3 interquartile range (IQR); 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.54] and between IL-6 and SO2 (0.25 SD per SO2 IQR; 95% CI, 0.06–0.43). We observed the strongest effects using 4-day moving averages. Responses to pollutants varied by season and tended to be higher in the summer, particularly for O3 and PM2.5. Fibrinogen was not associated with pollution.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant association between ambient pollutant levels and baseline levels of systemic IL-6. These findings have potential implications for controlled human exposure studies. Future research should consider whether ambient pollution exposure before chamber exposure modifies IL-6 response.
Effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Authors: S M Grundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Studies were carried out on the effects of polyunsaturated fats on lipid metabolism in 11 patients with hypertriglyceridemia. During cholesterol balance studies performed in eight patients, the feeding of polyunsaturated fats, as compared with saturated fats, caused an increased excretion of endogenous neutral steroids, acidic steroids, or both in most patients. Increases in steroid excretions were marked in some patients and generally exceeded the decrement of cholesterol in the plasma compartment. The finding of a greater excretion of fecal steroids on polyunsaturated fats in hypertriglyceridemic patients contrasts to the lack of change in sterol balance previously reported for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia; however, other workers have found that polyunsaturated fats also enhance steroid excretion in normal subjects. In most of the patients, simultaneous studies were carried out on biliary lipid composition, hourly outputs of biliary lipids, and pool sizes of bile acids. In several but not all patients, fasting gallbladder bile became more lithogenic after institution of polyunsaturated fats. This increased lithogenicity was not due to a decrease in bile acid pools; in no case was the pool decreased by polyunsaturated fats. On the other hand, two patients showed an increased output of biliary cholesterol, and frequently there was an increase in fecal neutral steroids that were derived from cholesterol; thus, polyunsaturated fats may increase bile lithogenicity in some patients through mobilization of cholesterol into bile. Reductions in plasma cholesterol during the feeding of polyunsaturated fats was seen in most patients, and these changes were usually associated with a decrease in concentration of plasma triglycerides. In fact, the degree of cholesterol lowering was closely correlated with the extent of triglyceride reduction. Therefore, in hypertriglyceridimec patients polyunsaturated fats may contribute to cholesterol reduction by changing the metabolism of triglycerides or very low density lipoproteins. The findings of changes in the metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids, and triglycerides in the patients of this study suggests that polyunsaturated fats may cause a lowering of cholesterol through multiple mechanisms, and it seems unlikely that a single action can explain all the effects of these fats on the plasma lipids.
81 C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with presence of alcoholic hepatitis in alcoholic patients
Authors: G. Vanbiervliet, F. Le Breton, M.A. Rosenthal-Allieri, E. Marine-Barjoan, E. Gelsi, R. Anty, R. Salame, S. Benzaken, M.C. Saint-Paul, P.M. Huet, A. Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Treatment of Hemorrhagic Disorders
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Since there have been at least ten other books on bleeding and coagulation disorders published in the 60's, one might well ask, "Why another?" Several answers are forthcoming: (1) Some facets of specific therapy, such as the use of cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor in classic hemophilia, the use of heparin in defibrination syndromes, and the use of epsilon aminocaproic acid in primary systemic fibrinolysis, are sufficiently recent in development that modern usage of these agents is not adequately described in other volumes. (2) Practical details of nonspecific management are often given short shrift. (3) Books of this nature generally give strong emphasis to details of laboratory methodology; there is need for a concise guide to the clinician who sees occasional patients with bleeding and coagulation disorders but who does not have access to a sophisticated coagulation laboratory. (4) Some volumes focus on a particular category of bleeding disorder rather than encompassing
INSULIN AND DIABETES
Authors: A. P. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1922)

BORAdispense with the services of the two visiting surgeons, the following resolution was passed:'WS, the medical practitioniers of Limerick, have learned with' surprise that it is proposed to dispenise with the service3 of the two visiting surgeonis to the Limerick Citv Home and Hospital, and to replace them by a junior resident (loctor.We protest very earnestly against this change as involving a great injustice to two gentlemen who have for more than twenty years efficientlvyand fa thfully discharged their duties to this insttution; and also a great injustice to'the poor, who will be thus deprived of the services of those very experi- eince(d practitioniers; while to ratepavers any savitig effected will be so.triflingas to-be absolutely negligible.We would point out thiat it is quite illegal for any medical man who is not an apothecary to compound the prescription of another."
Measurement and Analysis of Intraservice Work
Authors: William C. Hsiao
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The work that physicians perform represents a major resource input to medical services and procedures. In this article we describe the concepts of work and its dimensions, as well as the methods developed to measure them. We also describe the design and results of a national probability survey of physicians in 18 specialties. We present the results--estimated values of work and its dimensions--for selected services. Our findings indicate that physicians can give reliable and valid ratings of work and that we can model this work as a function of four dimensions: time, mental effort and judgment, technical skill and physical effort, and stress. Analyzing the complex functional relationship between work and these four dimensions shows that all four dimensions are important and statistically significant in predicting work. Time is a more important dimension in predicting work for medical specialties than for surgical specialties, with the estimated regression coefficients between .3 and .5 and .2 and .3, respectively. In contrast, technical skill is a more important dimension in predicting work in surgical specialties than for medical specialties, with the estimated regression coefficients between .3 and .5 and .2 and .3, respectively. Finally, we found that an exponential equation of the four dimensions precisely describes total work.
Modelling the mechanical effects of tracheal tubes in normal subjects
Authors: PR Rocco, WA Zin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The addition of tracheal tubes to the respiratory system contributes an extra mechanical burden in terms of pressure necessary to overcome its own resistance. On the basis of experimental data from the literature and on a previously reported mathematical model of the inspirogram, we wished to study predictions of pressures, volume, flow and work of breathing during the use of tracheal tubes. The present investigation indicates that: 1) the loss in volume is greater at the beginning of inspiration and with narrower tubes; 2) in order to preserve tidal volume the inspiratory drive must be increased at any time during inspiration with the use of diminishing internal diameter of the tubes; 3) alternatively, tidal volume can be maintained by increasing inspiratory duration; and 4) the addition of tubes with internal diameter of 9 mm (no.9) and 8 mm (no. 8) increases the total resistive work by 115 and 154%, respectively, whilst total elastic work decreases 9 and 16% in relation to the nonintubated patient. These findings are consequent to the turbulent flow pattern that normally occurs within the tracheal tubes and connectors themselves. We believe they are relevant to the physician confronted with a patient needing tracheal intubation.