tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Acute Abdomen
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This trim monograph, one of a series called "Major Problems in Clinical Surgery," whets one's appetite with its crisp title, its readable large print, and uncluttered format —a tribute to the publisher's skill. The authors have compressed their written text into fewer pages than the total listed, because of blank pages between chapters and because of frequent diagrams, which are variants of a standard basic sketch of the abdominal cavity, an efficient but unexciting device. The subject matter has been divided into four pathological groupings; trauma, infection, obstruction, and hemorrhage, with each disease entity receiving a paragraph or two within each grouping (ie, peptic ulcer is discussed under infection, obstruction, and hemorrhage). The style is in the best tradition of good, gray, American medical textbooks, giving equal emphasis to all things. Important information on almost any topic is available, but not without search in several areas of the monograph. Neither
Clinical algorithm for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children
Authors: S.C. Redd, S.P. Luby, A.W. Hightower, P.N. Kazembe, O. Nwanyanwu, C. Ziba, L. Chitsulo, C. Franco, M. Olivar, J.J. Wirima
Journal: The Lancet (1996)
Abstract 3293: Leptin induces breast cancer metastasis through a Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1)/OBR complex
Authors: Zakia Belaid-Choucair, Julie Dam, Nicolas Goudin, Odile Filhole, Claude Cochet, Yves lepelletier, Tereza Coman, Geneviève Courtois, Alain Colige, Marie-Paule Defresne, Ralf Jockers, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Several studies have demonstrated Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) implication in tumor progression independently of its known co-receptors. On the basis of growing connections between breast cancer and obesity, we postulated that leptin and its receptor OBR could be potential candidates. First, using NRP-1 over-expression in NRP-1 negative T47D or NRP-1 silencing in NRP-1 positive MDA-MB231 xenografts, we demonstrated that leptin induced metastasis in lymph node only in NRP-1 positive cells. Second, we demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, Proximity Ligation assay (duolink) and BRET analysis that NRP-1 is a co-receptor of OBR. Upon leptin exposure this complex is internalized to the nucleus. At this level, NRP-1 Chip-Seq analysis generated from MDA-MB-231 led to identify sequences of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) and transcription factor binding sites of genes implicated in breast cancer metastasis. This finding was confirmed by the detection of NRP-1/Pol2 interaction and by transcriptome analysis of RNA extracts from T47D-NRP-1 xenografts that shows modulation of these genes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that NRP-1 is a co-receptor of OBR and upon leptin exposure may play a role as a transcription factor regulating genes involved in cancer progression. Thus, NRP-1 might be a therapeutic target to prevent cancer metastasis induced by leptin Citation Format: Zakia Belaid-Choucair, Julie Dam, Nicolas Goudin, Odile Filhole, Claude Cochet, Yves lepelletier, Tereza Coman, Geneviève Courtois, Alain Colige, Marie-Paule Defresne, Ralf Jockers, Olivier Hermine. Leptin induces breast cancer metastasis through a Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1)/OBR complex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3293. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3293
Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function
Authors: P Ducheyne, Q Qiu
Journal: Biomaterials (1999)

Surface reactivity is one of the common characteristics of bone bioactive ceramics. It contributes to their bone bonding ability and their enhancing effect on bone tissue formation. During implantation, reactions occur at the material–tissue interface that lead to time-dependent changes in the surface characteristics of the implant material and the tissues at the interface. This review describes some of the current concepts regarding the surface reactivity of bone bioactive materials and its effect on attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of bone cells.
REACTIONS OF RABBITS TO NON-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: C. L. Derick, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Accompanying and following the evolution of a secondary reaction in the skin of rabbits after inoculation with suitable doses of certain non-hemolytic streptococci there quickly develops a general state of hypersensitiveness or allergy towards these streptococci. 2. This state is made evident by ophthalmic reactions following corneal inoculations, by much increased reactivity of the skin following intracutaneous reinoculations, and by lethal reactions, resembling tuberculin shock, following intravenous inoculations. 3. In a given hypersensitive rabbit there is a rough parallelism in the intensities of these different kinds of reactions. 4. This type of hypersensitiveness or bacterial allergy does not follow primary intravenous inoculation of rabbits with comparable doses of the streptococci employed. 5. As the development of this type of hypersensitiveness or bacterial allergy seems to accompany the production of focal lesions of a certain intensity, it is probable that in these foci are produced the substances or conditions which lead to this type of bacterial allergy.
MONGOLIAN IDIOCY IN A CHINESE BOY
Authors: I. HARRISON TUMPEER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The term "mongolian idiocy" is applied to a condition presented by certain children of retarded development manifesting peculiar mental and physical phenomena, the most remarkable of which is the resemblance to the Mongolian facies. The mongolian idiot resembles the Mongolian in the oblique palpebral fissure, epicanthal fold, widely placed eyes, flat-bridged, snub nose and expanded ali nasi. Brachycephaly is present in both; but the flattening of the occiput is characteristic of the idiot. The mongolian idiot differs physically from the Mongolian in the squat hand with tapering fingers, short thumbs and short, incurvated little fingers, the second phalanx of which is shorter than the terminal. His hair is not usually black, although it may be straight and is often wiry. The face is broad, but it is moon shaped and has no prominent cheek bones. He is small in stature and has broad, flat feet. There is marked hypermobility of
Diseases of the Kidney
Authors: Albert N. Brest
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The editors' intention to provide a critical and comprehensive text dealing with diseases of the kidney is admirably fulfilled. The 43 contributors, whose academic stature is of the highest order, provide a remarkable achievement. The initial six chapters deal with general aspects. A chapter on kidney structure details the ultrastructure of the nephron. A 50-page "outline" of renal physiology is thorough in its discussion. The chapter on radiography is outstanding and provides the reader with a beautifully illustrated description of the roentgen features of various renal disorders. However, there is a lack of material dealing with the radiorenogram and radiorenoscan. The chapter on dialytic methods describes hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in general terms. The use of intermittent dialysis for chronic renal failure is mentioned, but no attempt is made to describe clinical application precisely. Five chapters are devoted to various aspects of glomerulonephritis including pathogenesis, pathology of the acute form,
Controversy in Surgery
Authors: David C. Sabiston
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It is gratifying to see the appearance of this outstanding text, a companion to the very popular and effective<i>Controversy in Internal Medicine</i>. As Shannon notes in the foreword to this very readable and incisive volume: "One mark of an educated man is his ability to differ without becoming angry, sarcastic, or discourteous. Such a man recognizes that in contingent matters there will also be a place for legitimate difference of opinion." The editors emphasize at the outset that the clinical anecdote—"in my experience"—has little current stature in the hierarchy of evidence. Therefore, they have urged contributors to present as much hard data as possible to substantiate their points of view. Thirty different topics of current controversy have been selected and differing points of view presented. Some of the subjects discussed by authors with opposing points of view include (1) bowel preparation for resection of the colon, (2) the rationale
Steering Growth Cones with a CaMKII/Calcineurin Switch
Authors: Fan Wang
Journal: Neuron (2004)

Calcium can regulate and induce both attractive and repulsive turnings by growth cones. In this issue of Neuron, Wen et al. report that differential activations of CaMKII and calcineurin (CaN) act as the read out for distinct patterns of intracellular calcium signals and a switch between attraction and repulsion.
Breath hydrogen response to lactulose in healthy subjects: relationship to methane producing status.
Authors: D Cloarec, F Bornet, S Gouilloud, J L Barry, B Salim, J P Galmiche
Journal: Gut (1990)

In order to assess the relationship between methane (CH4) producing status and the breath excretion of hydrogen (H2) in healthy subjects, breath CH4 and H2 were simultaneously measured for 14 hours after oral ingestion of 10 g lactulose in 65 young volunteers. Forty were breath CH4 producers and 25 were not. Statistically significant differences were observed between both groups, with lower values for CH4 producers recorded for the following parameters: fasting basal value of breath H2 (8.1 (4.9) v 5.2 (3.7) ppm, p less than 0.05), mouth-to-caecum transit time (68 (24) v 111 (52) min, p less than 0.005), and breath H2 production measured as area under the curve 13.1 (6.9) v 8.8 (3.8) 10(3) ppm/min, p less than 0.02). There was no significant correlation between individual production of breath H2 and CH4. These results indicate that the response to lactulose depends on breath CH4 producing status. In clinical practice, defining normal values of mouth-to-caecum transit time without knowledge of breath CH4 producing status may lead to misinterpretation of the H2 breath test.
Constitutive endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: A. ROWE, A.m. FARRELL, C.B. BUNKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We have used immunohistochemistry to localize the expression of the constitutive endothelial and inducible forms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in skin from involved and uninvolved sites in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (CD). Endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunoreactivity was localized to vascular endothelium in the dermis of both involved and uninvolved skin from all patients. Inducible NOS (iNOS) immunoreactivity was found to be closely associated with the upper dermal microvasculature in all the involved AD biopsies, but only in two of 10 uninvolved AD biopsies. CD biopsies were taken from 10 positive skin patch test sites and iNOS immunoreactivity was detected in all of these. iNOS immunoreactivity was detected in only one of the negative patch test biopsies. Both the extent and intensity of iNOS immunoreactivity was lower in CD than in AD skin lesions. The presence of eNOS in the skin is necessary for constitutive NO-mediated dilatation of the dermal vasculature. Induction of iNOS in the dermal endothelium and in perivascular inflammatory cells may be significant with respect to the roles of NO in both the vasodilatory component of the inflammatory response and in the modulation of immune responses in the skin.
What connectionist models learn: Learning and representation in connectionist networks
Authors: Stephen José Hanson, David J. Burr
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1990)

Abstract Connectionist models provide a promising alternative to the traditional computational approach that has for several decades dominated cognitive science and artificial intelligence, although the nature of connectionist models and their relation to symbol processing remains controversial. Connectionist models can be characterized by three general computational features: distinct layers of interconnected units, recursive rules for updating the strengths of the connections during learning, and “simple” homogeneous computing elements. Using just these three features one can construct surprisingly elegant and powerful models of memory, perception, motor control, categorization, and reasoning. What makes the connectionist approach unique is not its variety of representational possibilities (including “distributed representations”) or its departure from explicit rule-based models, or even its preoccupation with the brain metaphor. Rather, it is that connectionist models can be used to explore systematically the complex interaction between learning and representation, as we try to demonstrate through the analysis of several large networks.
On Rhythm and Sex Ratio
Authors: Roger Revelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Comments are made on Rodrigo Guerrero's article on the association of the type and time of insemination within the menstrual cycle with the human sex ratio at birth. Much of the data used in the study involved couples who were practicing some form of the rhythm method in an attempt to prevent pregnancy. The shift in the basal body temperature was used as a reference point. A rough correction for the difference in relative coital frequency applied to Guerrero's data indicates that 100 normally fertile women not using contraceptives but abstaining from intercourse for 11 days, from Day 7 before the day of the rise in basal body temperatures to Day 3 afterward, would have between 4 and 5 live births a year. The only safe practice of rhythm involves abstaining from intercourse until 4 or 5 days after a sustained rise in basal body temperature has occurred. The findings indicate that couples wishing to double the chances of having a boy rather than a girl should not practice intercourse after Day 4 or 5 before the temperature shift; however, they might have to wait 5 or more years before a live birth occurs. The data suggest that spermatozoa carrying X and Y chromosomes respond differently to at least some differences in environmental conditions. Methods of preselecting the sex of offspring may be developed which might contribute to lowering rates of population growth in countries where people are willing to limit the number of their offspring if they can be sure of having the desired number of male children. The variations in sex ratios of live births which occur during or just after a war may be accounted for at least partly on the basis of Guerrero's findings. During the war years intercourse occurs less, and the coital days are distributed randomly throughout women's menstrual cycles. There is greater time between ovulation and the last insemination before ovulation and higher sex ratios would be expected.
Effect of simvastatin vs. rosuvastatin on adiponectin and haemoglobin A1c levels in patients with non‐ischaemic chronic heart failure
Authors: Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Masayuki Yamaji, Chiho Kawahara, Keizo Nishiyama, Masanori Fujii, Takashi Yamamoto, Minoru Horie
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Associated with Anosmia in the Female
Authors: George Tagatz, Philip J. Fialkow, Donald Smith, Leon Spadoni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia rarely occurs in females.1 2 3 4 5 Gonadotropin levels and indexes of estrogen production in three affected females were studied, and the clinical response to clomiphene citrate and to exogenous gonadotropins was assessed. Although indirect evidence of the induction of ovulation with exogenous gonadotropins in a similar case was presented by Mroueh and Kase,1 there have been no previous reports on females with this disorder in whom the induction of ovulation was proved by pregnancy or by visualization of corpora lutea. In the two married patients described below, the induction of ovulation resulted in normal . . .
Cost of operating a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system.
Authors: G R Cherryman
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Nuclear magnetic resonance is a new, exciting, and expensive method of medical imaging. Increasing clinical and public aware? ness of the technique is encouraging radiologists and others to consider the costs of installing and running nuclear magnetic resonance units. The intending purchaser is faced with a choice between the cheaper and easier to install imager, based around a low field strength resistive magnet, or the more expensive and difficult to shield superconducting system, with some improvement in resultant spatial resolution. In Britain, given the present economic constraints, the practical difficulty and expense of installing superconducting systems into existing hospital buildings, as well as the generally unproved advantage of operating at these higher magnetic field strengths, most nuclear magnetic resonance installa? tions have been based around resistive systems and this pattern is likely to remain in future. Superconducting systems will probably be limited to teaching centres with a special interest in research and perhaps certain specialist clinical disciplines. The first nuclear magnetic resonance imager in Aberdeen was built by and installed in the university department of biom?dical physics and bioengineering. In 1983 a second machine was built by the same department and installed in a purpose built extension to the nuclear medicine wing in the Royal Infirmary. The running costs of this machine are met by the Medical Research Council as part of a joint project with the Department of Health and Social Security into the clinical value of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Five clear areas of research interest have been defined: intracranial imaging (both neurological and psychiatric), head and neck tumours, liver disease, pancreatic disease, and gynaecological cancer. For the remainder of its time the scanner is used for routine clinical referrals. Some machine time is given back to the physicists for research and development.
BMA meeting: "Darzi palaces" are being procured without proper local consultation, say doctors
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors’ leaders have expressed their opposition to the blanket introduction of polyclinics across England, which they believe are unproved, risk undermining care of patients, and threaten the future of general practice.

George Rae, of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee, whose motion against the current plans for polyclinics was passed by representatives at the BMA’s annual conference in Edinburgh, said that doctors acknowledged that polyclinics—or GP led health centres, as the Department of Health is calling them—would serve a need in some parts of the country.

“However, that is not what is happening,” he told the meeting. “We are getting this precipitous rush into polyclinics and super-surgeries all over the country, with no opportunity to reject the idea.” …
"Without work all life goes rotten".
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

defines their prevalence, and sets the aims and objectives of mental health services for this age group, giving helpful guidelines on dealing with the knotty problems of quality assurance, audit, monitoring contract compliance, and meet- ing users' needs.7It should be studied not only by purchasers but also by providers of services in the new NHS, including managers of services for mental health and children in trust hospitals.Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems among children -about 1 in 10 children have disorders of emotions or conduct or other psychiatric disorders that interfere with development and functioning-child and adolescent psychiatry has always been a cinderella specialty.If the government seriously wants to reduce the prevalence of mental illness resulting in suicide it must encourage purchasers to use the guidelines produced by Action for the Sick Child to ensure the provision of appropriate services.
Prognosis indicator in acute liver failure: Is there a place for cell death markers?
Authors: Didier Samuel, Philippe Ichai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an intriguing disease. The mechanisms by which liver cells are destroyed in just a matter of a few days, as well as the mechanisms by which the liver can regenerate itself in a few hours or days, remain partly unknown. It is unclear why some patients with the same apparent degree of severity and the same aetiology of liver failure have different outcomes. Indeed after the occurrence of encephalopathy, ALF patients can die without liver transplantation while others will recover either in a few hours or in a few days.
Abstract 3927: Characterization of galectin 3 as a putative BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase substrate
Authors: Renato S. Carvalho, Thales N. Costa, Michael Sweet, Alvaro NA Monteiro, Marcelo A. Carvalho
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BARD1 (BRCA1-associated ring domain 1) was originally identified in a yeast-two-hybrid screen as a binding partner of BRCA1. The functional heterodimer BRCA1/BARD1 is required for several of the cellular and tumor-suppressor functions of BRCA1. Both proteins interact through the N-terminal RING domain to form a heterodimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase that constitutes the major catalytic activity of the BRCA1-BARD1 complex. BARD1 is also associated to p53-mediated apoptosis, in a BRCA1-independent manner. The carboxy terminus of BRCA1 is highly acidic and contains two tandem BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains, which are characteristic of members of a large superfamily of proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control. These domains are protein-protein interacting regions that mediate the association with a number of other proteins with a role in DNA replication, DNA damage repair pathway, transcription, cell cycle control, and ubiquitination. BARD1 also contains two tandem BRCT repeats at its C-terminus, a region shown to bind serine-phosphorylated peptides in vitro. In order to identify putative interaction-proteins with BARD1 C-terminal region we performed a yeast-two-hybrid screening using BARD1 BRCT tandem domain (aa 554-777) to screen a human testis cDNA library. We identified, among other hits, a cDNA coding for galectin 3 C-terminal region, residues 170-250 (OMIM 153619). Galectin 3 is a galactoside binding protein involved in several cellular processes including apoptosis control and RNA splicing. Moreover there are evidences that galectin 3 variants are correlated with tumor development and progression in breast and thyroid cancer. We confirmed galectin 3/BARD1 interaction by conducting co-immuneprecipitation analysis of ectopically expressed BARD1 and galectin-3 in HEK293T cells. The interaction between endogenous galectin 3 and BARD1 were validated in HeLa nuclear extracts. Using the same approach we co-immuneprecipitated BRCA1 and galectin-3, suggesting the presence of BRCA1, BARD1 and galectin-3 in the same complex. Interestingly the galectin 3 observed in this complex corresponds to a mono-ubiquitinated form, corroborating the idea that galectin 3 is a putative natural target of BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer E3 ubiquitin ligase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3927. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3927