tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Excessive thoracic computed tomographic scanning in sarcoidosis.
Authors: J Mana, A S Teirstein, D S Mendelson, M L Padilla, L R DePalo
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The clinical value of computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest in the initial assessment of sarcoidosis was investigated. METHODS--One hundred consecutive patients referred to the sarcoidosis outpatient services of the Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York from 1990 to 1992 with a presumptive diagnosis of sarcoidosis were studied. The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed in all by a positive tissue biopsy sample or the Kveim-Siltzbach test. Clinical and laboratory data of each patient were reviewed. Chest radiographs were classified according to the classical stages of sarcoidosis. Thirty five of the 100 patients had a CT scan of the chest performed before presentation. The CT scans were compared with the presenting clinical data and standard chest radiographs in order to determine if they yielded useful additional information regarding diagnosis or treatment. RESULTS--The chest CT scan revealed no additional clinically relevant information compared with conventional chest radiographs in any of the 35 studies performed. In two patients mediastinal adenopathy was detected by CT scan which was not seen on standard radiographs. Two patients thought to exhibit hilar adenopathy and pulmonary infiltrations by standard radiography had no parenchymal disease on the CT scan. Bilateral parenchymal infiltrates were seen in one patient which were interpreted as unilateral infiltrates by standard radiographs. The variance between conventional radiographs and CT scans in these five patients was not clinically valuable. CONCLUSIONS--CT scans of the chest do not add clinically useful information to the standard chest radiographs in the initial assessment of sarcoidosis in patients presenting with the typical standard radiological patterns. CT scanning of the thorax is indicated in patients with proven or suspected sarcoidosis when the standard chest radiographs are normal or not typical of sarcoidosis, when signs or symptoms of upper airway obstruction are present, when the patient has haemoptysis, if there is a suspicion of a complicating second intrathoracic disease, or the patient is a candidate for lung transplantation.
Massive Gastric Dilatation Secondary to Small Bowel Obstruction Demonstration by Hepatobiliary Images
Authors: MELISSA M. LANTZ, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A hepatobiliary study was performed on a 76-year-old woman with abdominal complaints and evidence of abnormal liver function. Initially, there was a large photopenic area involving the left side of the abdomen. After a delay, radioactivity exited from the liver and entered into the small bowel and the prior photopenic region. This was reflux into a massively dilated stomach. Gastric dilatation was confirmed at surgery and was due to an ischemic region of intestine.
Informed Choice in Cancer Screening
Authors: H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Water, water, every where
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Following exposure to an oriented stimulus, the perceived orientation is slightly shifted, a phenomenon termed the tilt aftereffect (TAE). This estimation bias, as well as other context-dependent biases, is speculated to reflect statistical mechanisms of inference that optimize visual processing. Importantly, although measured biases are extremely robust in the population, the magnitude of individual bias can be extremely variable. For example, measuring different individuals may result in TAE magnitudes that differ by a factor of 5. Such findings appear to challenge the accounts of bias in terms of learned statistics: is inference so different across individuals? Here, we found that a strong correlation exists between reaction time and TAE, with slower individuals having much less TAE. In the tilt illusion, the spatial analogue of the TAE, we found a similar, though weaker, correlation. These findings can be explained by a theory predicting that bias, caused by a change in the initial conditions of evidence accumulation (e.g., prior), decreases with decision time (Dekel &amp; Sagi, 2019b). We contend that the context-dependence of visual processing is more homogeneous in the population than was previously thought, with the measured variability of perceptual bias explained, at least in part, by the flexibility of decision-making. Homogeneity in processing might reflect the similarity of the learned statistics. <h3>Highlights</h3> The tilt aftereffect (TAE) exhibits large individual differences. Reduced TAE magnitudes are found in slower individuals. Reduced TAE in slower decisions can be explained by the reduced influence of prior. Therefore, individual variability can reflect decision making flexibility.
Alcohol Consumption and Expenditures for Underage Drinking and Adult Excessive Drinking
Authors: Susan E. Foster, Roger D. Vaughan, William H. Foster, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Although estimates of the amount and proportion of alcohol consumed by underage and adult drinkers have been reported, more accurate estimates are possible and the economic impact has not been explored.To provide accurate estimates of underage and adult excessive drinking and to describe consumer expenditures linked to underage and adult excessive drinking.Information was obtained from national data sets, including 1999 versions of the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2000 US Census, and national data on consumption and consumer expenditures for alcohol, published by Adams Business Research.A total of 217 192 persons aged 12 years or older across 3 data sources.Amount as a proportion of total alcohol consumed and proportion of consumer expenditures on alcohol among underage (12-20 years) and adult excessive (> or =21 years) drinkers.The proportion of 12- to 20-year-olds who drink was estimated to be 50.0% using data from the YRBS; the proportion of adults aged 21 or older who drink was estimated to be 52.8% using data from the BRFSS. The estimated total number of drinks consumed per month was 4.21 billion; underage drinkers consumed 19.7% of this total. The amount of adult drinking that was excessive (>2 drinks per day) was 30.4%. Consumer expenditure on alcohol in the United States in 1999 was $116.2 billion; of that, $22.5 billion was attributed to underage drinking and $34.4 billion was attributed to adult excessive drinking.These data suggest that underage drinkers and adult excessive drinkers are responsible for 50.1% of alcohol consumption and 48.9% of consumer expenditure.
Efficacy of First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Lung Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Authors: Thibault Vieira, Nicolas Girard, Mony Ung, Isabelle Monnet, Aurélie Cazes, Pierre Bonnette, Michael Duruisseaux, Julien Mazieres, Martine Antoine, Jacques Cadranel, Marie Wislez
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Campylobacter fetus: major enteric pathogen
Authors: William Golden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Recent evidence indicates that at least 5% ofacute gastroenteritis stems from infections with the bacterium<i>Campylobacter fetus</i>subspecies<i>jejuni</i>. Since this infection often causes abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, it must be distinguished from other infectious diarrhea states as well as from inflammatory bowel disease, according to Martin Blaser, MD, of the federal Center for Disease Control in Atlanta. Adds Raymond Kaplan, PhD, assistant professor at Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Hospital, Chicago: "We are talking about an entity which is more common than<i>Shigella</i>or<i>Protozoa</i>and as common as<i>Salmonella</i>." <i>Campylobacter</i>infection in humans was first reported in 1947; subsequent articles described rare instances of bacteremia and meningitis, probably reflecting infection with<i>C fetus</i>subspecies<i>intestinalis</i>in debilitated patients. During the 1970s several investigators isolated<i>Campylobacter</i>from the blood of patients with dysentery. Others developed special techniques to isolate it from stool specimens: In 1973, a Belgian investigator, J. P. Butzler,
To Err Is Human
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Everyone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from 379 dollars into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy-sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they're turning everything off — that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, "our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made . . .
Cardiac Arrest-Reply
Authors: Edwin M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We disagree with Dr. Lauderdale that the use of the term "cardiac arrest" does more to becloud our understanding of the mechanisms of maternal death in obstetrics then it does to clarify it. The 7 cases that we reported fulfill the currently accepted criteria for the diagnosis of the entity. Rather than having fallen into a "semantic trap" as Dr. Lauderdale suggests, we tried to clarify this point by showing that, of the 10 cases of fatal cardiac arrest reported in New York City for the year 1959, analysis of the hospital records revealed that in 3 cases the diagnosis of cardiac arrest was actually incorrect. Also we feel that the remaining 7 cases reported as cardiac arrest in our series did not result from unknown causes but rather were related to varying etiologic factors that had not been corrected prior to delivery, as shown in Table
Adrenergic Receptor Activity in the Coronary Arteries of the Unanesthetized Dog
Authors: BERTRAM PITT, ERIC C. ELLIOT, DONALD E. GREGG
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Both α- (vasoconstrictor) and β- (vasodilator) receptor activity was demonstrated in the coronary arteries of the unanesthetized dog independent of adrenergic receptors in the myocardium. In the β-receptor blocked animal, α-adrenergic receptor activity was demonstrated after intravenous and intracoronary injections of epinephrine and norepinephrine by the occurrence of coronary vasoconstriction which could be eliminated by blocking α-adrenergic receptors as well. Coronary vasoconstriction was also seen prior to β-receptor blockade after intravenous phenylephrine and, on occasion, after intracoronary injections of norepinephrine. β-adrenergic receptor activity was demonstrated in several instances after intravenous or intracoronary injections of catecholamines by an initial vasodilatation which could be eliminated by β-adrenergic receptor blockade and which occurred before there was any change in myocardial or systemic hemodynamics. The role of this independent adrenergic receptor activity in the control of the coronary circulation remains to be determined.
Is 18F-FDG PET/CT Useful for Distinguishing Between Primary Thyroid Lymphoma and Chronic Thyroiditis?
Authors: Masashi Nakadate, Katsuya Yoshida, Akihiro Ishii, Masayuki Koizumi, Naobumi Tochigi, Yoshio Suzuki, Yoshiharu Ryu, Tassei Nakagawa, Isao Umehara, Hitoshi Shibuya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

This study aims to investigate the usefulness of (18)F-FDG PET/CT for distinguishing between primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and chronic thyroiditis.We retrospectively reviewed the data of 196 patients with diffuse (18)F-FDG uptake of the thyroid gland and enrolled patients who were diagnosed as having PTL or chronic thyroiditis based on the medical records, pathological findings, and laboratory data. The enrolled patients comprised 10 PTL patients (M/F = 4:6) and 51 chronic thyroiditis patients (M/F = 8:43). Images had been acquired on a PET/CT scanner at 100 minutes after intravenous injection of (18)F-FDG.The PTL group consisted of 7 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 3 with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) was significantly higher in the PTL group than that in the chronic thyroiditis group (25.3 ± 8.0 and 7.4 ± 3.2, P < 0.001). On the other hand, the CT density (Hounsfield unit: HU) was significantly lower in the PTL group than that in the chronic thyroiditis group (46.1 ± 7.0 HU and 62.1 ± 6.9 HU, P < 0.001). Within the PTL group, the SUV(max) was significantly higher in the cases of DLBCL than in those of MALT lymphoma (29.0 ± 6.4 and 16.7 ± 2.3, P = 0.017).The SUV(max) was significantly higher and the CT density was significantly lower in PTL as compared with those in chronic thyroiditis. Thus, (18)F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for distinguishing between PTL and chronic thyroiditis.
Mutational Derivatives of PhiC31 Integrase With Increased Efficiency and Specificity
Authors: Annahita Keravala, Solomon Lee, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Eric C Olivares, Vanessa E Gabrovsky, Lauren E Woodard, Michele P Calos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

phiC31 integrase is a sequence-specific phage recombinase that can recombine two short DNA sequences called attB and attP. The enzyme can also promote genomic integration of plasmids carrying attB into native mammalian sequences having partial identity to attP. To increase the efficiency of integration, we mutated the phiC31 integrase gene and screened the mutants in human cells in an assay for higher recombination frequency between attB and attP. We report in this article the isolation of a mutant, P2 that has twice the chromosomal integration frequency of wild-type phiC31 integrase, at both a preintegrated chromosomal attP site and at endogenous pseudo attP sequences in cultured human cells. In mouse liver, P2-mediated integration provided therapeutic long-term levels of human factor IX that were double those generated by wild-type phiC31 integrase. We also describe an additional mutant, P3 that combines the mutations of P2 with further changes and possesses an elevated specificity for integration at a chromosomally placed attP site in human cells. Forty-four percent of colonies carrying integration events mediated by P3 have integration at the placed attP site. These mutant integrases are useful for gene therapy and genome modification, and they demonstrate the feasibility of engineering phiC31 integrase toward more desirable properties.
No guidance is provided for situations for which evidence is lacking
Authors: G. W Jones, S. M Sagar
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The paradigm of evidence based medicine provides clear guidance for making decisions about the delivery of health care in populations.1 2 Therefore, it must be qualified so that it can be used for managing specific patients.

Evidence based medicine finds answers only to those questions open to its techniques; randomised controlled trials are its capstone. Other types of evidence, including natural observations and pathophysiological principles, are ranked lower and heavily discounted. Nevertheless, for many rare disorders and an increasing number of subgroups …
Identification of the genetic locus for keratosis palmaris et plantaris on chromosome 17 near the RARA and keratin type I genes
Authors: Evgeny I. Rogaev, Ekaterina A. Rogaeva, Eugene K. Ginter, Galina I. Korovaitseva, Lindsay A. Farrer, Alexander B. Shlensky, Alexander N. Pritkov, Vladimir N. Mordovtsev, Peter H. St George-Hyslop
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
REMARKS ON THE TRAUMATIC NEUROSES.
Authors: HUGH T. PATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1901)

I think we are agreed in understanding traumatic neuroses to mean functional disturbance of the nervous system caused by traumatism. In the present state of society this traumatism is generally accidental. We are doubtless also agreed that in the symptomatology of the traumatic neuroses there is nothing pathognomonic of injury by violence and that a case of traumatic neurosis generally presents a picture of hysteria, neurasthenia or hypochondria, or, what is more frequent, a combination of two or all three of these neuroses. A certain admixture of melancholia is far from rare. In the diagnosis of any neurosis the most essential step is not the recognition of a neurosis, but the exclusion of organic disease. For this a single examination will not always suffice, as a combination of the two is very common, and the former may so obscure the latter as to make its prompt and positive recognition impossible.
An unusual cluster of babies with Down's syndrome--was it caused by the Windscale fire?
Authors: P M Sharp, D J McConnell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Can nocturnal emergency surgery be reduiced?SIR,-All surgeons will be interested in the findings of Mr D J Sherlock and others (21 July, p 170), but I suggest that it is widely appreciated, although rarely admitted, that most emergency operations are performed at night for convenience rather than necessity.
Is Selective Internal Spermatic Venography Necessary in Detecting Recurrent Varicocele after Surgical Repair?
Authors: Ahmet Tefekli, Selahittin Cayan, Nihat Uluocak, Arzu Poyanli, Turgut Alp, Ate&scedil; Kadio&gbreve;lu
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Temporomandibular Joint Pain-Dysfunction Syndrome and Bruxism: Etiopathogenesis and Treatment from a Psychosomatic Integrative Viewpoint
Authors: M. Biondi, A. Picardi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

It is common opinion that temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction (TMJPD) syndrome and bruxism have a major psychosomatic component. In this paper, we try to review these entities in an integrated manner, taking into account both medical and psychological aspects. Two etiological models have been developed: the structural model emphasizes the role played by malocclusion or alterations of the maxillomandibular relationship, while the functional model underscores the role of stress, emotional tension, and personality characteristics. In TMJPD and bruxist patients a careful physical and psychological examination has to be performed. The classical dental treatment is based on equilibration procedures, prostheses and drugs. Treatment strategy can also be based on psychotherapeutic and relaxation treatments; in this respect, the use of EMG biofeedback training has been subjected to intense study.
Evaluation of "at risk" alpha 1-antitrypsin genotype SZ with synthetic oligonucleotide gene probes.
Authors: T Nukiwa, M Brantly, R Garver, L Paul, M Courtney, J P LeCocq, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), a 52,000-mol-wt serum glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, functions as the major inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. The alpha 1AT haplotype S is associated with childhood liver disease and/or adult emphysema when inherited with the Z haplotype to give the phenotype SZ. To accurately identify the SZ phenotype at the level of genomic DNA, four 32P-labeled 19-mer synthetic oligonucleotide probes were prepared; two to identify the M and S difference in exon III, and two to identify the M and Z difference in exon V. These probes were hybridized with various cloned DNAs and genomic DNAs cut with the restriction endonucleases BgII and EcoRI; the genomic DNAs represented all six possible phenotype combinations of the M, S, and Z haplotypes (MM, MS, MZ, SS, ZZ, and SZ). Using the four probes to evaluate 42 samples of genomic DNA, the "at risk" SZ and ZZ phenotypes were correctly identified in all cases, as were the "not at risk" phenotypes SS, MS, MM, and MZ, demonstrating that both exon III and exon V directed probes are necessary to properly identify all of the major "at risk" alpha 1AT genes. However, when used to evaluate a very rare family carrying a null allele, these four oligonucleotide probes misidentified the "at risk" null-null and S null phenotypes as "not at risk" MM and SM combinations. These observations indicate that oligonucleotide gene probes yielded reliable and accurate assessment of "at risk" alpha 1AT genotypes in almost all situations, but in the context of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling this approach must be used with caution and in combination with family studies so as not to misidentify rare genotypes that may be associated with a risk for disease.
Antikeratin antibody in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.
Authors: C Cooper, D W Cotton, S K Jones, M I Cawley, B J Young
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus SIR, We note with interest the report on spontaneous rupture of weight bearing tendons in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).'We report a case of rupture of a non-weight bearing tendon, namely the long head of biceps.A 35 year old woman had a six year history of SLE, which has been clinically quiescent since 1982.In January 1985 she sustained a fracture of the surgical neck of the left humerus with minimal displacement.This was treated conservatively, and she made an uneventful recovery.In August 1985 she presented with a one month history of spontaneous swelling in the left arm.Examination showed a non-tender mass in the middle third of the arm, which became more marked with resisted elbow flexion.Overall function was well preserved and surgical repair was not undertaken.This is the first report of spontaneous rupture of a non-weight bearing tendon in SLE.At presentation, SLE was quiescent and there was no history of left shoulder arthritis or bicipital tenosynovitis.In keeping with previous reports' our patient was on long term (four and a half years) corticosteroid therapy, possibly resulting in attenua- tion of the biceps tendon.It is unlikely that the humeral fracture caused the tendon rupture in January 1985 and remained undetected for seven months.We conclude that spontaneous rupture may occur in both non-weight bearing and weight bearing tendons in SLE patients.