tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MONOMANIA.Read before the Chicago Medico-Legal Society, December 6th, 1890.
Authors: HENRY M. LYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Monomania is a term that has long been in use in medicine, but the signification that has been attached to it is rather vague on the part of the general public, especially so in consequence of the fact that it is supposed to denote a form of insanity in which a person is perfectly sane and sound in mind and body on every subject but one, and upon that particular subject he entertains some irrational ideas that dominate his thoughts. That is the popular idea of monomania, but it is well known by intelligent physicians and alienists who have given much time to the study of these cases that there is no such thing possible as a person perfectly sound in mind and body and sane upon all subjects but one. It is recognized by alienists that cases which have been called monomania are persons who are really
1059-36 Quantitative regional and global right ventricular geometry in health and disease by real-time 3-D echocardiography
Authors: Patrick Coon, Nichole Bruno, Jude Dalton, Luqin Cao, Julie Wendell, Amy Loyd, Zheng Liu, Jagat Narula, Mani Vannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT for Accurate Delineation of Disease Extent in a Case of Sinonasal Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Abhinav Singhal, Suhas Singla, Punit Sharma, Varun Singh Dhull, Bangkim Chandra Khangembam, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Neuroendocrine tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from the cells of the neural crest. We present a rare case of primary sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a 61-year-old male patient where somatostatin receptor PET/CT with 68Ga-DOTANOC correctly delineated the extent of primary tumor as compared to contrast-enhanced CT, thereby changing patient management.
Radiographic Differential Diagnosis
Authors: John W. Hope
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma are the two commonest abdominal neoplasms encountered in early life.<sup>10,11</sup>Wilms' tumors arise from mesodermal cell rests within the kidney itself and therefore are tumors intrinsic to the kidney. Neurblastomas arise from neural crest tissue either in the adrenal medulla or from ganglion cells at any site along the sympathetic chain and therefore are extrinsic to the kidney. The differential diagnosis is based on the location of the soft tissue mass within or without the kidney. <h3>Relative Frequency.—</h3> The total number of neuroblastomas encountered in childhood exceeds the number of Wilms' tumors. However, the neuroblastoma, arising as it does from any sympathetic ganglion along the entire chain, may be found in the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. About 70% of all neuroblastomas arise from the adrenal medulla or upper-abdominal sympathetic ganglia. Therefore, when speaking only of upper-abdominal masses, the incidence of Wilms' tumor and that
Lightning Pains of Tabes Dorsalis Treated with Procaine Intravenously
Authors: Arthur S. Loebel, Duncan E. Hutcheon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE morphine alkaloids have had little success in controlling posterior-root pains in tabes dorsalis. Because of this a case in which a tabetic patient was relieved by intravenous administration of procaine after other analgesic measures had failed is presented.Case ReportA 61-year-old man was first seen in 1943 because of unsteady gait and severe, stabbing leg pains. Cerebrospinal-fluid findings were consistent with neurosyphilis. After a course of bismuth and arsphenamine the spinal fluid became normal, and the patient did well for the next 5 years. Infrequent attacks of leg pain that were refractory to most measures then recurred. As . . .
On Extraction of Senile Cataract, with the Results of 1,248 Extractions
Authors: D. Little
Journal: BMJ (1889)

capable of penetrating the corneal tissue; whereas I hold that complete penetration of the cornea with the discharge of the aqueous, is a result to be avoided, as unnecessary and dangerous, and believe the same object as regards reduction of conicity can be attained without the escape of the fluid.I have therefore had constructed by Messrs. Pickard and Curry, an instrument with which it is not easy to penetrate the corneal tissue.Performed in the way I do with this instrument, the operation becomes one of extreme simplicity, and the danger attaching to it is reduced to a minimum.Iritis and anterior synechi£e are practically im- possible, and suppuration of the wound is extremely improbable.in fact, the only difficulty in connection with the operation is to hit accurately the desired spot on the cornea.To be able to do this well, I think it is always advisable to have the pupil well
Lymphoma‐associated paraneoplastic angioedema with normal C1‐inhibitor activity: Does danazol work?
Authors: S. Gaur, J. Cooley, L. Aish, R. Weinstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract A patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma presented with severe, symptomatic acquired angioedema. Unlike previously reported cases, his serum levels of complement and C1 inhibitor (C1‐INH) were not decreased. Nonetheless, he responded clinically to treatment with an attenuated androgen and, after therapeutic splenectomy, has been maintained asymptomatic without androgen therapy for 5 years. Thus stimulation of C1‐INH synthesis may overcome paraneoplastic angioedema in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders despite the absence of typical evidence for a quantitative or qualitative defect in C1‐INH. Androgens should not be withheld despite a normal level of C1‐INH and complement in symptomatic patients. Am. J. Hematol. 77:296–298, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
US surgeons implant new artificial heart
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The first fully self contained artificial heart has been successfully implanted into a man with end stage heart failure.

The artificial heart is a technological breakthrough and gives hope to patients awaiting a human heart, as supply is limited. The recipient, an unidentified man in his 50s had end stage ischaemic cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and renal failure and was deemed ineligible for a human heart transplant.

The implantation was performed at the Jewish Hospital of the University of Louisville, Kentucky, by a team of 14, led by Drs …
Transurethral electrocautery procedures in patients with cardiac pacemakers
Authors: R. L. Fein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Three patients with cardiac pacemakers underwent four transurethral electrocautery procedures, without pacemaker interference. Electrical interference which could potentially cause cardiac arrhythmias was prevented by utilizing a well-shielded cardiac pacemaker, by proper grounding of all medical electronic equipment in use on or near the patient, and by keeping the electrocautery circuit below the pacemaker by low placement of the electrocautery ground plate. Additional safety precautions included maintenance of a normal blood volume and cardiac monitoring with an external pacemaker-defibrillator cardioscope.
Germany legislates to boost organ transplant numbers
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Hill, J. W., Whitehead, W. S., Cameron, J. D., and Hedgecock, G. A. (1973).</b><i>British Journal of Industrial Medicine,</i><b>30,</b> 174-179. <b>Glass fibres: absence of pulmonary hazard in production workers.</b> Seventy fibreglass workers with a mean of 19·85 years in the industry are compared with a control group having no exposure to glass fibre but otherwise matched for age, sex, height, and weight, and residing in the same geographical area. Comparison was made by radiography, the administration of the modified Medical Research Council Short Questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1960), amplified to include a detailed occupational history, and measurement of peak expiratory flow, FEV<sub>1</sub>, and FVC. Statistical analysis showed the control group to be at a slight disadvantage compared to the subject group in respect of complaints of phlegm and FVC. No evidence of any respiratory hazard due to glass fibre is shown.
Toxic dilatation and infective diarrhoea.
Authors: J. A. Snowden, M. W. McKendrick
Journal: BMJ (1992)

different scales are used.In such a case the intraclass correlation coefficient computed for each method will indicate which is the more reliable, provided each method of measurement uses the same population, as in a dataset we recently examined.'In summary, we agree with Chinn when she says that "the intraclass correlation coefficient should be used only for comparative purposes.The within-subject standard deviation or 95 per cent range for change should be calculated as the absolute measure of repeatability."2
Increased Plasma Inactive Renin in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John A. Luetscher, Fredric B. Kraemer, Darrell M. Wilson, Herbert C. Schwartz, Michael Bryer-Ash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Plasma renin exists in an active form or as an inactive zymogen that resembles a prorenin present in homogenates of human kidneys. We examined the relation of diabetes and its microvascular complications with the level of plasma inactive renin activated by dialysis to pH 3.3. Plasma inactive renin was measured in 235 diabetic patients and 90 nondiabetic controls. In the controls, the level of plasma inactive renin increased slightly with age but was never above 50 ng per milliliter per hour. In young diabetic patients studied within three years of the onset of diabetes the concentration of inactive renin was normal, and in some older diabetics without complications it remained within the age-adjusted normal range for many years. However, in patients with retinopathy or albuminuria, plasma inactive renin was above the normal range with few exceptions, reaching levels 50 to 200 per cent above the upper limits of normal in patients with nephropathy. The frequency of neuropathy was also significantly higher among patients with levels above the normal range. In 37 per cent of the diabetics followed during one to three years of conventional treatment, plasma inactive renin increased significantly, but in another group of diabetics under intensive treatment, the level rose in only 7 per cent and fell in 43 per cent. We conclude that there is a close association between a high level of plasma inactive renin and the presence of microvascular complications, and that the level of inactive renin can be modified by intensive treatment of diabetes. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1412–7.)
Selective Antitumor Activity of Ibrutinib in EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Wen Gao, Michael Wang, Li Wang, Haibo Lu, Shuhong Wu, Bingbing Dai, Zhishuo Ou, Liang Zhang, John V. Heymach, Kathryn A. Gold, John Minna, Jack A. Roth, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Stephen G. Swisher, Bingliang Fang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Ibrutinib, which irreversibly inhibits Bruton tyrosine kinase, was evaluated for antitumor activity in a panel of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and found to selectively inhibit growth of NSCLC cells carrying mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, including T790M mutant and erlotinib-resistant H1975 cells. Ibrutinib induced dose-dependent inhibition of phosphor-EGFR at both Y1068 and Y1173 sites, suggesting ibrutinib functions as an EGFR inhibitor. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier estimation and log-rank test. All statistical tests were two-sided. In vivo study showed that ibrutinib statistically significantly suppressed H1975 tumor growth and prolonged survival of the tumor bearing mice (n = 5 per group). The mean survival times for solvent- and erlotinib-treated mice were both 17.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.3 to 21.3 days), while the mean survival time for ibrutinib-treated mice was 29.8 days (95% CI = 26.0 to 33.6 days, P = .008). Our results indicate that ibrutinib could be a candidate drug for treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC, including erlotinib-resistant tumors.
Don Bosco Fernandez
Authors: Ranjit Fernandez
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Bosco was born in a little village called Kuttapully in the south of India on 30 May 1935. The family moved to Madras to settle where they had their business and he and his four sisters were educated. Bosco was at high school in St Mary's, Madras, and went on to do his medical studies at Madras Medical College. He was captain of the boxing team and hockey goalkeeper for Madras University. He was a keen tennis and badminton player. He qualified in 1960 and started to do his postgraduate studies. …
TWO-YEAR FATE STUDY OF THORAZINE-TREATED PATIENTS
Authors: PAUL E. FELDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. Ninety-six chronically psychotic patients (26.2%) treated over a 2-year period with Thorazine have been released from the hospital. The stability of the release is indicated by the fact that only 11 of these patients have been returned from parole. 2. Younger schizophrenics are more likely to respond to Thorazine to the extent that their release from the hospital is feasible. 3. Of the patients remaining in the hospital, 65.5% are still receiving Thorazine. 4. Behavioral improvement following Thorazine medication is maintained for at least 2 years. 5. There appears to be evidence that prolonged administration of Thorazine does not lead to tolerance formation. Eighty-five point four per cent of the patients are receiving identical or smaller dosages of Thorazine than they were receiving a year ago. 6. Some patients who responded minimally to Thorazine have shown a better response to one of the other tranquilizers. 7. Eighteen of the Thorazine patients are showing a better response to combined therapy. 8. Nursing personnel express conflicting opinions as to the efficacy of Thorazine medication. 9. There is ample evidence of continued toxicity of Thorazine after 2 years of medication. This reinforces the concept that ataractic therapy must at all times be under medical supervision. 10. Maintenence dosages are substantially smaller than the dosages necessary to obtain the initial therapeutic response. 11. Blood studies (at monthly intervals) must be continued so long as the patient receives Thorazine. 12. The need for routine liver-function tests is equivocal unless Thorazine medication is interrupted and then restarted. 13. Side effects persist throughout the period of medication. All of them can be controlled, ameliorated or eliminated by the administration of proper antidote or discontinuation of Thorazine medication.
The World Bank and world health: Focus on South Asia---II: India and Pakistan
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the fifth in a series of six articles examining the World Bank's role in international health

For a better understanding of the effectiveness of the World Bank's policies and of how they are perceived I visited bank projects in Bangladesh (see last week's article1), India, and Pakistan.

#### Summary points

India is the World Bank's largest single borrower, with cumulative loans over $44bn

India's diversity, “enormous” burden of disease, and chronic underfunding of health care have hindered progress 

Despite Pakistan's relatively high gross national product per capita, its health indicators compare poorly with those of its neighbours 

Social action programmes, promoted by the bank, have been controversial

Although the bank has adopted differing approaches to the countries of South Asia, the substantial challenges posed by the region mean that progress will be slow

India's vastness, diversity, and poverty are challenges that the World Bank has responded to with huge sums of money. With cumulative loans of more than $44bn, India is the bank's largest single borrower. Even in fiscal year 1998 (from June 1997 to June 1998), when an exchange of nuclear tests with neighbouring Pakistan resulted in the temporary freezing of bank loans to the region, lending reached a record $3bn. India is also the recipient of the largest sum of interest free credits from the International Development Association. By April 1998, India had received 167 loans and 223 development credits, with 84 ongoing projects amounting to $14.5bn. Power projects accounted for 24% of lending, and health, nutrition, and population programmes received 14%. 2 3



The states of India



“The nuclear sanctions won't have greatly affected India,” argues Dr Anthony Measham, the bank's chief health adviser in the country. “Sanctions don't affect ongoing projects. The only ones that are affected are the new projects, and we are continuing all …
Breast feeding in Bangladesh: time for government action
Authors: K. Talukder, M Q-K Talukder
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Bland’s feature article on commercial solutions to malnutrition1 did not mention that 250 children under 5 years old die from malnutrition every day in Bangladesh,2 many in the first 28 days of life from neonatal sepsis associated with late initiation of breast feeding.3 This happens more than 150 days before any well intentioned …
Adverse Mechanical Tension in the Central Nervous System: An Analysis of Cause and Effect; Relief by Functional Neurosurgery
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hidden behind this forbidding title is a text that is radical, revolutionary, and incredible. It gets at the roots of things, should overturn cherished concepts, and parts of it are difficult to believe. Using cadaver, animal, and clinical material, Breig shows how tension in the brain, brain stem, spinal cord, and nerve roots can give rise to local and distant signs and symptoms. There are ample illustrations of the mechanical analyses and principles that are used to support his therapeutic suggestions and practice. Part 2 is the clinically oriented segment of the book, concentrating on the neurological, neurosurgical, radiological, and orthopedic aspects of the abnormal tensile forces produced by a variety of orthopedic and neurological abnormalities. Clinical syndromes include facial neuralgias, spasticity, bladder dysfunction, as well as cervical and lumbar spondylosis, disk hernias, trauma to the spinal cord, confusional states, and multiple sclerosis. In the third section, Breig discusses functional
Cost minimisation study of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in reducing failures of peripheral intravenous infusion.
Authors: H. T. Khawaja, B. J. O'Brien, M. J. Buxton, P. C. Weaver
Journal: BMJ (1989)

We confirm the importance of short response times, and they should be reduced further when more staff are available.About half of the patients received some resuscitation from bystanders despite a shortage of formal training of the public.Without the availability of rapid defibrillation resuscitation by bystanders will be only of limited value.The introduction of semiautomatic, advisory defibrillators for non-extended trained crews should reduce the time to defibrillation and make this procedure available to more people.5This combination of extended and non-extended trained crews may prove most effective.This study was made possible by the work of many members of the ambulance service and the extended training advisory group.
Screening Outcomes Following Implementation of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in a General-Population Screening Program
Authors: Anne Marie McCarthy, Despina Kontos, Marie Synnestvedt, Kay See Tan, Daniel F. Heitjan, Mitchell Schnall, Emily F. Conant
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Early data on breast cancer screening utilizing digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) combined with digital mammography (DM) have shown improvements in false-positive and false-negative screening rates compared with DM alone. However, these trials were performed at sites where conventional mammographic screening was concurrently performed, possibly leading to selection biases or with complex, multireader algorithms not reflecting general clinical practice. Our study reports the impact on screening outcomes for DBT screening implemented in an entire clinic population. Recall rates, cancer detection, and positive predictive values of screening were compared for 15571 women screened with DBT and 10728 screened with DM alone prior to DBT implementation at a single breast imaging center. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for recall rate adjusted for age, race, presence of prior mammograms, breast density and reader. All statistical tests were two-sided. DBT screening showed a statistically significant reduction in recalls compared to DM alone. For the entire population, there were 16 fewer recalls (8.8% vs 10.4%, P <.001, adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74 to 0.88, P < .001) and 0.9 additional cancers detected per 1000 screened with DBT compared to DM alone. There was a statistically significant increase in PPV1 (6.2% vs 4.4%, P = .047). In women younger than age 50 years screened with DBT, there were 17 fewer recalls (12.3% vs 14.0%, P = .02) and 3.6 additional cancer detected per 1000 screened (5.7 vs 2.2 per 1000, P = .02). Our data support the clinical implementation of DBT in breast cancer screening; however, larger prospective trials are needed to validate our findings in specific patient subgroups.
Breast Cancer Survival Is Associated with Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Ulrika Svenson, Katarina Nordfjäll, Birgitta Stegmayr, Jonas Manjer, Peter Nilsson, Björn Tavelin, Roger Henriksson, Per Lenner, Göran Roos
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Telomeres are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with shorter blood telomeres may be at higher risk of developing various types of cancer, such as in lung, bladder, and kidney. We have analyzed relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood cells in relation to breast cancer incidence and prognosis. The study included 265 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 446 female controls. RTL was measured by real-time PCR, and our results show that the patient group displayed significantly longer telomeres compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Age-adjusted odds ratios (OR) for breast cancer risk increased with increasing telomere length, with a maximal OR of 5.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.09–8.64] for the quartile with the longest telomeres. Furthermore, RTL carried prognostic information for patients with advanced disease. Node positive (N+) patients with short telomeres (≤median) showed an increased survival compared with N+ patients with long telomeres (P = 0.001). For patients with ages &amp;lt;50 years with tumors &amp;gt;16 mm (median tumor diameter), short telomeres were associated with a significantly better outcome than longer telomeres (P = 0.006). Cox regression analysis showed that long RTL was a significant independent negative prognostic factor (hazards ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.33–6.39; P = 0.007). Our results indicate that blood RTL may serve as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer patients with advanced disease. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3618–23]