tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric and gall bladder emptying of a mixed meal are not coordinated in liver cirrhosis--a simultaneous sonographic study.
Authors: M Acalovschi, D L Dumitrascu, I Csakany
Journal: Gut (1997)

An impaired contractility has been suggested as a contributor to the increased incidence of gallstones in liver cirrhosis, but the few studies on gall bladder emptying in cirrhotics offered contradictory results. Ingestion of a meal triggers the physiological pathway of gall bladder emptying; therefore, it was decided to analyse postprandial kinetics by investigating simultaneously the rates of gastric and gall bladder emptying of a mixed meal in patients with liver cirrhosis.Gastric and gall bladder emptying were measured using ultrasound techniques after a solid-liquid meal (14 g fat, 425 kcal) in 24 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 12 controls. None of the subjects had gall bladder disease. Sequential changes in cross sectional area of the gastric antrum and in gall bladder volume were represented as a monoexponential process after the test meal. Cirrhotic patients were analysed according to the severity of disease (Child classes). The presence of portal gastropathy was assessed by endoscopy. Differences between groups were assessed using the two tailed Student's t test for unpaired observations and the correlations by linear regression (Pearson's coefficient).It was found that gastric emptying after the solid-liquid meal was delayed in cirrhotic patients compared with controls. Gall bladder emptying was significantly diminished in cirrhotic patients: the area under curve was greater in Child A (p = 0.01), Child B (p = 0.04), and Child C (p = 0.014) cirrhotics compared with controls. No correlation was found between the variables of gastric and gall bladder emptying. Gall bladder refilling began earlier in cirrhotics than in controls, before completion of gastric emptying.These results indicate the lack of coordination between gastric and gall bladder emptying in liver cirrhosis. They also support the hypothesis that diminished gall bladder contractility might contribute to the increased gallstone formation in liver cirrhosis.
Pathogenesis of Reading Disability
Authors: Mildred Gignoux Downes, Rita S. Schuman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

MOST physicians, whatever their specialty, now accept mind, body and social behavior as continuous and profoundly related expressions of the entire person. Who is to say whether Johnny is fat hipped because he needs pituitary or because he cannot read? Whether he hits other children because he is jealous of his new baby sister, or because he is too fat? Whether he cannot read because of lack of love, or lack of oxygen? He is a bundle of cause and effect, each treading on the other's heels. Twenty-four hours a day, with unpredictable immediacy, he is reacting to internal and . . .
Frequency distribution of the heart sounds in normal man
Authors: A. Sakai, L. P. Feigen, A. A. Luisada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The magnitude of the heart sounds at various frequencies was studied in 11 normal young men over three areas of the praecordium by using a new calibrated system. The average slope of attenuation for the first heart sound was found to be −6·5 dB per octave at the apex and −7·5 dB per octave at the midpraecordium. A slower decline was found for the second heart sound as the average slope of attenuation of the aortic component at the second left interspace was −6 dB per octave up to 80 Hz and no slope existed between 80 and 140 Hz. The pulmonary component of the second sound at the second left interspace had an overall slope of −3·5 dB per octave. A relative 'peaking' was found in all subjects at different frequencies with the first heart sound usually peaking at lower frequency than the second. Marked variability existed in the slope of attenuation and in the relative peaking between the various subjects. These data are discussed both in terms of physiological considerations and in terms of practical application to the design of equipment.
A comparative international study on the management of acute appendicitis between a developed country and a middle income country
Authors: Sheraz R Markar, Diluka Pinto, Marta Penna, Alan Karthikesalingam, Bulathsinghalage Kalana Sandun Bulathsinghala, Kumaralingam Kumaran, Majid Hashemi, Ranil Fernando
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
PMO-211 Propofol sedation for colonoscopy: a single centre's experience
Authors: D Rogers, R Robinson, S Shah
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> GI endoscopy has been widely practiced for nearly 40 years. Techniques and sedation regimes have advanced together with an ever increasing complexity of therapeutic possibilities. Despite improved colonoscopic technique there remain a small number of patients who cannot tolerate colonoscopy. We introduced propofol endoscopy lists for difficult patients and complex therapeutic work. The lists are run by an anaesthetist and aim to ensure that the most technically challenging patients are comfortable, relaxed and compliant during the procedure. We review the success and complications of colonoscopy under propofol in our centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Review of the last 100 consecutive colonoscopies performed under propofol at Leicester General Hospital. Data were analysed for demographics, indications, diagnoses, propofol dose, reason for the use of propofol and complications. Polyp detection figures were compared to JAG standards and we assessed completion rates in those who had had a failed procedure under conscious sedation previously. <h3>Results</h3> 100 procedures were analysed and the patients9 age ranged from 20 to 84 years with 70% female and 30% male. Mean propofol dose was 328 mg. 66 patients had had a previous colonoscopy of which 50% had been failed. In the other 50% a variety of reasons were given for propofol use. Of the 34 patients who had not undergone previous colonoscopy the reason for using propofol was only clear in 9. Polyps were detected in 29% of procedures and 89% were completed successfully. 85% of procedures in those patients who had previously failed colonoscopy under sedation were successful. Poor bowel prep prevented completion in three cases, and therefore if these are excluded 93% of colonoscopies previously failed under conscious sedation were successful with propofol. One procedure that had been successful, but difficult, using conscious sedation was unsuccessful using propofol. This may relate to difficulties turning anaesthetised patients. One patient died within 30 day of their procedure. They had extensive ischaemic colitis and significant cardiac comorbidities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There has been a sustained demand for propofol sedation within UHL, and it appears to be well-tolerated and safe in appropriately selected patients. High risk patients should be identified and directed to more appropriate diagnostic modalities. It is important to remember that propofol is not a panacea, and we describe a procedure that had been "tricky" using conscious sedation becoming impossible when performed under propofol. Propofol has a role to play in complex therapeutic work and in those who cannot otherwise tolerate the procedure due to pain. Propofol lists are popular with patients, and as complex therapeutic endoscopy expands it is likely that all hospitals will need a similar service, but an appropriately negotiated tariff is necessary to take account of increased costs. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Echinocandins — First-Choice or First-Line Therapy for Invasive Candidiasis?
Authors: Jack D. Sobel, Sanjay G. Revankar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

For three decades, antifungal chemotherapy was dominated by a single effective fungicidal agent: amphotericin B deoxycholate. However, concern about toxicity profoundly limited its use. The 1990s saw the introduction of the triazoles, such as fluconazole, and although these drugs were not more effective than amphotericin, their safety profile allowed their clinical use as prophylactic and empirical agents. As fear of their toxic effects subsided, inappropriate and unvalidated use appeared — and as expected, acquired microbial resistance emerged as an important issue.The newest class of antifungal agents was heralded by the approval of caspofungin for candidiasis in 2002, and already . . .
CHANGES IN THE LYMPHOID TISSUE IN CERTAIN OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
Authors: W. T. COUNCILMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In 1898, in a paper read before the Association of American Physicians, I called attention to a form of nephritis associated with acute infections, which, although recognized and described, did not seem to me to have been accorded the attention it deserved. This, the acute interstitial non-suppurative nephritis, is characterized by the appearance of foci of cellular infiltration in the interstitial tissue of the kidney. In some cases the extent of the cellular infiltration is so great that marked macroscopic changes are produced in the organ. In these cases the kidney is greatly enlarged, the capsule is distended, thin and often separates spontaneously on section. In children the fetal markings are less distinct and often obliterated. The suface is pale, of a grayish opaque color, somewhat resembling the amyloid kidney, mottled with irregular more hyperemic areas. The stellate veins of the surface are injected and often show punctate ecchymoses around
A young man with parkinsonism
Authors: Z S Thant, L L Chan, E Lim, M C Wong, E K Tan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In Parkinson's disease (PD) imaging of the brain is seldom cost-effective since the chance of detecting relevant structural abnormality as a cause of the symptoms is very low. However, brain imaging can provide diagnostic clues in young patients with atypical parkinsonian features.
Strategies for dealing with problems associated with use of services for HIV infection and AIDS out of region: views of providers and users
Authors: A. Coyle, S. McGrellis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<b>OBJECTIVES</b> —To identify reasons why people with HIV infection and AIDS living within the former South West Thames Regional Health Authority use HIV and AIDS services outside the region, and to identify strategies for dealing with theproblems associated with such use. <b>DESIGN</b> —Qualitative study consisting of interviews with individual subjects and focus groups. <b>SETTING</b> —Providers of services for patients with HIV infection and AIDS in South West Thames, central London, and Brighton. Users of such servicesresident in South West Thames. <b>SUBJECTS</b> —Thirty four South West Thames residents with HIV infection and AIDS who use or usedservices outside theformer region; and 70 providers of services within and beyond South West Thames. <b>RESULTS</b> —Principal reasons for use of services out of the region were accessibility (15) and negative appraisals of local services (14). Three main strategies for dealing with the problems of such use were suggested by providers. These entailed introducing users of services outside the region to services in their locality (16); sharing the responsibility for care between providers in specialist centres and in the person9s locality (10); and involving the person9s general practitioner in their care (12). These strategies were deemed acceptable by 29, 30, and 20 service users respectively. <b>CONCLUSION</b> —The reasons underlying use of services for patients with HIV infection and AIDS outside the region offer suggestions for developing services in areas with a high incidence of such use. The suggestions advanced by service providers offer an acceptable framework for dealing with the problems. <h3>Key messages</h3> Various problems in provision of services can arise when a person with HIV infection or AIDS travels long distances for HIV and AIDS services The main reasons for use of HIV and AIDS services outside the region identified by a sample of South Thames (West) residents with HIV infection or AIDS were service accessibility and negative appraisals of local services To overcome the problems of such use service providers advocated encouraging people with HIV infection or AIDS to transfer their care wholly or partly to their local area Strategies for transferring and sharing care were rated as broadly acceptable -with certain provisos -by service users
Abstract 2409: A precise orthotopic metastatic model of rectal cancer
Authors: Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Masashi Momiyama, Ryoichi Aki, Hiroaki Kimura, Atsushi Suetsugu, Michael Bouvet, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have developed a novel technique to orthotopically transplant rectal cancer cells. This model was established by intrarectal transplantation of mouse rectal cancer cells stably expressing fluorescent protein, followed by disrupting the epithelial cell layer of the rectal mucosa by soaking with an acetic acid solution. Early stage tumor was detected on the rectal mucosa from as early as 6 days after transplantation, which then became invasive into the submucosal tissue. The tumor incidence (%) on the rectal mucosa and size (mean volume ± SD) were 100% and 1232.4 ± 994.7 mm3 at 4 weeks after transplantation, respectively. Spontaneous lymph node metastasis and lung metastasis were also observed 4 weeks after transplantation in over 90% of mice. This rectal tumor model to mimic of the natural course of rectal cancer accurately. The model will be more useful for evaluation of the tumor environment, metastasis and agents which suppress or enhance the growth of tumor at early stages as well as metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2409. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2409
AIDS: Reason for Optimism?
Authors: Ronald Bayer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their review of<i>AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease</i>, edited by Elizabeth Fee and Daniel Fox, Westenhouse and Echenberg<sup>1</sup>have misrepresented the thrust of my contribution to the volume. Repeating, in part, a misconception in the editors' own introduction, they state, "Bayer optimistically concludes that the AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] epidemic may result in a more responsive and generous approach to care of disadvantaged populations." Quite the contrary, I noted in my essay, which originally had appeared as the "Afterword" to the paperback edition of<i>Private Acts, Social Consequences: AIDS and the Politics of Public Health</i>,<sup>2</sup>that the initial promise of the Ryan White Act was shattered by the failure to appropriate anything approaching the anticipated funds. The consequences, I noted, especially for cities like New York, would be a grim calculus of misery. Two years have passed since I first wrote that essay.
Chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD and death from pulmonary infection
Authors: E Prescott, P Lange, J Vestbo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The association of chronic mucus hypersecretion and mortality is a matter of debate. We wished to determine whether the relationship between chronic mucus hypersecretion and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related mortality could be explained by proneness to pulmonary infection. We followed 14,223 subjects of both sexes for 10-12 yrs. Cases where COPD was an underlying or contributory cause of death (n = 214) were included, and hospital records were obtained when possible (n = 101). From the presence of increased mucus, purulent mucus, fever, leucocytosis and infiltration on chest radiography, death was classified as either due to pulmonary infection (n = 38), other causes (n = 51), or unclassifiable (n = 12). Of subjects reporting chronic mucus hypersecretion at the initial examination, pulmonary infection was implicated in 54% of deaths, whereas this only occurred in 28% of subjects without chronic mucus hypersecretion. Controlling for covariates, in particular smoking habits, a Cox analysis showed a strong inverse relationship between ventilatory function and COPD-related mortality. Chronic mucus hypersecretion was found to be a significant predictor of COPD-related death with pulmonary infection implicated (relative risk (RR) 3.5) but not of death without pulmonary infection (RR 0.9). We consider that subjects with COPD and chronic mucus hypersecretion are more likely to die from pulmonary infections than subjects without chronic mucus hypersecretion. This may explain the excess mortality in subjects with COPD and chronic mucus hypersecretion found in previous studies.
Influenza Immunization and Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: FLOR TECSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Influenza Immunization and Lupus ErythematosusFLOR TECSON, M.D., BARRY BORNSTEIN, M.D.FLOR TECSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BARRY BORNSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-574_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the four recent articles (June 1978 Annals of Internal Medicine) on influenza immunizations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.The authors of all four papers seem to be of accord in their conclusion about the apparent safety of influenza vaccine for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.We believe, however, that this conclusion is premature and perhaps hazardous because it was based on results obtained after one, at most two, vaccinations. Influenza is a recurring yearly problem, and once the decision is made to immunize, it seems logical to presume that immunization will be...References1. PHILLIPS P: Viruses and systemic lupus erythematosus. Bull Rheum Dis 28:954-959, 1978 Google Scholar2. JOHANSSONPYRHÖNENROSTILA EST: Warts and wart virus antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Br Med J 1:74-76, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. STAPLES P: Incidence of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 17:1-10, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LEE P: SLE: a review of 110 cases with reference to nephritis, the nervous system, infections, aseptic necrosis and prognosis. Quart J Med 46:1-32, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. AYVAZIANBADGER LT: Disseminated lupus erythematosus occurring among student nurses. N Engl J Med 239:566, 1948 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital East Orange, NJ 07019 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 574-574KeywordsLupus erythematosusSafetyVaccines Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antipsychotic Treatment and Functional Connectivity of the Striatum in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Deepak K. Sarpal, Delbert G. Robinson, Todd Lencz, Miklos Argyelan, Toshikazu Ikuta, Katherine Karlsgodt, Juan A. Gallego, John M. Kane, Philip R. Szeszko, Anil K. Malhotra
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Previous evidence has implicated corticostriatal abnormalities in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Although the striatum is the primary target of all efficacious antipsychotics, the relationship between its functional connectivity and symptomatic reduction remains unknown.To explore the longitudinal effect of treatment with second-generation antipsychotics on functional connectivity of the striatum during the resting state in patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis.This prospective controlled study took place at a clinical research center and included 24 patients with first-episode psychosis and 24 healthy participants matched for age, sex, education, and handedness. Medications were administered in a double-blind randomized manner.Patients were scanned at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with either risperidone or aripiprazole. Their symptoms were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at baseline and follow-up. Healthy participants were scanned twice within a 12-week interval.Functional connectivity of striatal regions was examined via functional magnetic resonance imaging using a seed-based approach. Changes in functional connectivity of these seeds were compared with reductions in ratings of psychotic symptoms.Patients had a median exposure of 1 day to antipsychotic medication prior to being scanned (mean [SD] = 4.5 [6.1]). Eleven patients were treated with aripiprazole and 13 patients were treated with risperidone. As psychosis improved, we observed an increase in functional connectivity between striatal seed regions and the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and limbic regions such as the hippocampus and anterior insula (P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Conversely, a negative relationship was observed between reduction in psychosis and functional connectivity of striatal regions with structures within the parietal lobe (P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons).Our results indicated that corticostriatal functional dysconnectivity in psychosis is a state-dependent phenomenon. Increased functional connectivity of the striatum with prefrontal and limbic regions may be a biomarker for improvement in symptoms associated with antipsychotic treatment.
Hand eczema and quality of life: a population-based study
Authors: C. Moberg, M. Alderling, B. Meding
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Hand eczema is a common disease in the population and is of interest from a public health perspective. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is increasingly being measured in dermatology.To investigate HRQoL in relation to hand eczema in the general population.In the Public Health Survey of Stockholm County Council 2006, a questionnaire was sent to 57 009 randomly selected individuals aged 18-84 years. The response rate among persons of working age (18-64 years) was 58%. The questionnaire included a validated question concerning hand eczema and a generic instrument for measurement of HRQoL, the EQ-5D.The proportion of individuals reporting problems was significantly larger among those with than without hand eczema in all five dimensions of the EQ-5D. Gender differences were found in some age subgroups. The EQ-5D index was lower for individuals with hand eczema than for those without, and on the same level as for psoriasis and asthma. Beta regression showed that the strongest confounding factors were low back pain, depression and hay fever/asthma.HRQoL was negatively affected in individuals with hand eczema irrespective of age. With the EQ-5D instrument it is also possible to detect certain gender differences. The EQ-5D index for hand eczema was of the same size as for psoriasis and asthma, all common diseases with an impact on public health. It is of importance to acknowledge the influence of hand eczema on daily life, in order to give the patients good care.
PR-domain–containing Mds1-Evi1 is critical for long-term hematopoietic stem cell function
Authors: Yi Zhang, Sandra Stehling-Sun, Kimberly Lezon-Geyda, Subhash C. Juneja, Lucie Coillard, Gouri Chatterjee, Charles A. Wuertzer, Fernando Camargo, Archibald S. Perkins
Journal: Blood (2011)
Celecoxib modulates hypertrophic signalling and prevents load‐induced cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Claudius Jacobshagen, Meike Grüber, Nils Teucher, Albrecht G. Schmidt, Bernhard W. Unsöld, Karl Toischer, Phuc Nguyen Van, Lars S. Maier, Harald Kögler, Gerd Hasenfuss
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)