tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of a Novel Splice Variant of Mitotic Arrest Deficient 1 (MAD1), MAD1β, in Mitotic Checkpoint Control in Liver Cancer
Authors: Karen Man-Fong Sze, Yick-Pang Ching, Dong-Yan Jin, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Loss of mitotic checkpoint contributes to chromosomal instability, leading to carcinogenesis. In this study, we identified a novel splicing variant of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), designated MAD1β, and investigated its role in mitotic checkpoint control in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of human MAD1β were examined in hepatoma cell lines and human HCC samples. The functional roles of MAD1β in relation to the mitotic checkpoint control, chromosomal instability, and binding with MAD2 were assessed in hepatoma cell lines. On sequencing, MAD1β was found to have deletion of exon 4. It was expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the nine hepatoma cell lines tested and was overexpressed in 12 of 50 (24%) human HCCs. MAD1β localized in the cytoplasm, whereas MAD1α was found in the nucleus. This cytoplasmic localization of MAD1β was due to the absence of a nuclear localization signal in MAD1α. In addition, MAD1β was found to physically interact with MAD2 and sequester it in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, expression of MAD1β induced mitotic checkpoint impairment, chromosome bridge formation, and aberrant chromosome numbers via binding with MAD2. Our data suggest that the novel splicing variant MAD1β may have functions different from those of MAD1α and may play opposing roles to MAD1α in mitotic checkpoint control in hepatocarcinogenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9194–201]
Use of 82Br in Differential Diagnosis of Lymphocytic Meningitis
Authors: A. Crook, H. Duncan, B. Gutteridge, C. Pallis
Journal: BMJ (1960)

ResultsThe results of the experiment are shown in the Table .Twenty-one children completed the trial.During the first two weeks the children gained between + and 5 lb.(227 and 2,270 g.) in weight, with an average of about 2 lb.(907 g.).While receiving phenmetrazine 18 children Result of Double-blind Controlled Trial of Phenmetrazine Weight Gain Weight Gained or Weight Gained or Case No.During Preliminary Lost While Roeiv-Lost While Receiv-Two Weeks ing Phenmetrazine ing inert Tablets (in lb.) (in lb.) (in lb.) 1 +1
Effect of Carbamazepine on Urinary Volume and Osmolality, Water Clearance, and Serum Osmolality in Patients with Primary Enuresis
Authors: Noori S. Al-Waili, Hamza Al-Waili, Khelod Y. Saloom, Thia Al-Waili, Ali Al-Waili, Mohammod Akmal, Faiza Al-Waili
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Malignant colorectal polyp.
Authors: J J Decosse
Journal: Gut (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Patients with active implants such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices, have limited access to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to risks of RF heating. With an aging population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative and vascular disease increases; and so does the indication for MRI exams in patients with such implants. In response to this growing need for MRI, many groups have investigated strategies to mitigate the RF heating of the implants. These efforts, however, have relied either on simulations with homogenous body models or simplified phantom experiments (box shaped phantom with single tissue). It is well established, however, that the shape and heterogeneity of human body affects the distribution of MRI electric fields, which by proxy, alters the RF heating of an implant inside the body. In this contribution, we applied numerical simulations and phantom experiments to examine the effectiveness of RF heating mitigation strategies under variant patient body compositions, focusing on two recently proposed techniques: (a) surgical modification of DBS lead trajectories inside the body, and (b) use of a patient-adjustable reconfigurable MRI coil, both aiming to reduce the coupling of implanted leads and MRI electric fields. Our results demonstrated that both techniques perform well under variant body compositions.
Pressure to prescribe
Authors: T. Greenhalgh, P. Gill
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two thirds of consultations with general practitioners end with the issuing of a prescription.1 The decision to prescribe is influenced by many factors, to do with the doctor, the patient, the doctor-patient interaction, and the wider social context, including the effects of advertising and the financial incentives and disincentives for all parties.2 3 4 5 6 Hardline advocates of rational drug use do not look kindly on variations in prescribing patterns that cannot be explained by purely clinical factors.1 The prescriber who allows the “Friday night penicillin” phenomenon to sway his or her clinical judgment tends to do so surreptitiously and with a guilty conscience.

But such behaviour is the rule rather than the exception. Several studies have shown that the prescribing behaviour of doctors is heavily influenced by their perceptions of the social background, beliefs, attitudes, and expectations of the patient,2 as well as the uncertainty of the diagnosis.5 7

Bradley identified several patient factors associated with doctors' discomfort when prescribing (or refusing to prescribe) drugs: extremes …
Local Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Human Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Reduces Luminal Narrowing After Coronary Angioplasty in Pigs
Authors: Olivier Varenne, Sorin Pislaru, Hilde Gillijns, Natascha Van Pelt, Robert D. Gerard, Pierre Zoldhelyi, Frans Van de Werf, Désiré Collen, Stefan P. Janssens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Nitric oxide, synthesized from l -arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is a vasodilator and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. The effects of local NOS gene transfer on restenosis after experimental balloon angioplasty were investigated. Methods and Results —Left anterior descending coronary artery angioplasty was performed in 25 pigs. Animals received an intramural injection of adenovirus (1.5×10 9 pfu) carrying either the NOS cDNA (AdCMVceNOS) or no cDNA (AdRR5) via the Infiltrator. Local gene transfer efficiency and bioactivity of recombinant protein were assessed after 4 days. Indices of restenosis were evaluated by computerized planimetry on coronary artery sections prepared 28 days after angioplasty. Adenoviral vectors permitted efficient gene delivery to medial SMCs and adventitial cells of coronary arteries. Vascular cGMP levels were depressed after angioplasty from 1.30±0.42 to 0.33±0.20 pmol/mg protein ( P &lt;0.05) but were restored after constitutive endothelial (ce) NOS gene transfer to 1.82±0.98 pmol/mg ( P &lt;0.05 versus injured group and P =NS versus control). The ratio of the neointimal area to the internal elastic lamina fracture length, maximal neointimal thickness, and percent stenosis were all reduced in AdCMVceNOS- versus AdRR5-transduced pigs (0.59±0.14 versus 0.80±0.19 mm, P =0.02; 0.75±0.21 versus 1.04±0.25 mm, P =0.019; and 53±15% versus 75±11%, P =0.006, respectively). Lumen area was significantly larger (0.70±0.35 mm 2 in AdCMVceNOS versus 0.32±0.18 mm 2 in AdRR5, P =0.007). Conclusions —Percutaneous adenovirus-mediated NOS gene transfer resulted in efficient local overexpression of functional NOS after angioplasty in coronary arteries. Restored NO production in injured coronary arteries significantly reduced luminal narrowing, most likely through a combined effect on neointima formation and on vessel remodeling after angioplasty.
30 LOW EFFICACY OF CURRENT NUCLEIC ACID TESTING (NAT) ASSAYS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OCCULT HBV INFECTION (OBI) AND CONSEQUENCES FOR SAFETY OF BLOOD SUPPLY
Authors: M. Spreafico, B. Foglieni, A. Berzuini, L. Raffaele, I. Guarnori, D. Prati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
ON GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE HEAD
Authors: T. O. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1918)

EAD.(M w,"I It2 possibility, one should not do so.In patients getting back as far as the clearing station with tourn-iquets applied, death of the limb from interruption of the circulation is almost invariable.Even if this does not occur, the cutting off 'of the blood supply from an area of smashed muscle provides all the ideal conditions for the development of gas gangrene.Other measures than the tourniquet should therefore be adopted; and if for some reason a tourniquet has been applied it is the duty of every medical officer through whose hands' the case passes to remove it.In most cases thete will be no bleeding.If, however, bleeding recowLwnieees, then the following methods shlouldibe employed:L: In many cases thle obvious souree is -exposed in the *Oiind and may bi seized-with pressure forceps.and lifgtured.This is the ideal.2'.In other cases blood may be seen welling, from a deep rtc&`'of the wound.iPressure forceps are a6pplied in that 06a gnd the bleeding'ceases.To apply a ligature over the forceps may need a free opening up and present difficulties.In this case it is best to leave thle forceps on and pack toneidwith gauze.The patient is sent on withl the foreps in situ4.i 3. If neither of these methods is applic.ablepressure Mtigst be obtained by packing the wound.But it is essential
Acetic acid as an effective mucolytic in magnification with chromoendoscopy for pit patterns analysis
Authors: K.-I. Fu, S. Kato, T. Fujii, A. Parra-Blanco
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We have read the article of Togashi et al. with great interest [1]. They have compared the accuracy of predicting polyp histology at magnification colonoscopy using acetic acid and indigo carmine, either alone or in combination. They have shown that use of acetic acid spray instantly improves the pit pattern image during magnification chromoendoscopy and has high accuracy in the histological prediction of colorectal polyps. They state that acetic acid is particularly effective because it rapidly removes the mucus that can make pit pattern analysis difficult, and the aceto-white reaction accentuates the pit pattern. However, they have shown that acetic acid increases the accuracy more for adenomas (76 % - 94 %) than for hyperplastic polyps (92 % - 100 %).
Update on the "Dutch hypothesis" for chronic respiratory disease
Authors: J. Vestbo, E. Prescott
Journal: Thorax (1998)

BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic obstructive lung disease show increased airways responsiveness to histamine. We investigated the hypothesis that increased airways responsiveness predicts the development and remission of chronic respiratory symptoms. METHODS: We used data from 24-year follow-up (1965-90) of 2684 participants in a cohort study in Vlagtwedde and Vlaardingen, Netherlands. Increased airways responsiveness was defined as a PC10 value (concentration of histamine for which challenge led to a 10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s) of less than 8 mg/ml. Information on respiratory symptoms was collected by means of a standard questionnaire every 3 years. Logistic regression was used to control for age, area of residence, cigarette smoking status, and sex. FINDINGS: Participants with increased airways responsiveness (1281 observations) were more likely than those without increased airways responsiveness (5801 observations) to develop the following symptoms during any 3-year follow-up interval: chronic cough (odds ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.2-2.9]), chronic phlegm (2.0 [1.3-3.0]), dyspnoea (2.3[1.5-3.5]), asthmatic attacks (3.7[2.2-6.1]), and persistent wheeze (2.7[1.7-4.4]). The estimate of the odds ratio for the development of any of the six symptoms was 1.7 (1.2-2.3). Participants with increased airways responsiveness were less likely than those without this characteristic to show remission of these respiratory symptoms. The estimate of the odds ratio for the remission of any of the six symptoms was 0.42 (0.28- 0.61). INTERPRETATION: These prospective analyses show that increased airways responsiveness is positively associated with the development of chronic respiratory symptoms and negatively associated with the remission of these symptoms in adults.
Mixed Tumor of Parotid Type, Orbital in Location
Authors: EARL D. CUMMING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)

Article1 November 1927Mixed Tumor of Parotid Type, Orbital in LocationEARL D. CUMMING, M.D.EARL D. CUMMING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-5-310 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn October 17, 1921, Mrs. Minnie Beese, age 52, presented herself at St. Luke's Out Patient Department for physical examination, with two complaints:(1.) Pain in lower right abdomen, and(2.) A prominence, very pronounced, of the right eye.Present Illness:For the past seven years patient has had intermittent attacks of pain in the right lower abdomen associated with tenderness on pressure at approximately McBurney's point. She has never had nausea or vomiting with these attacks, and it is this disturbance that lead her to consult a physician rather than the prominence of her right eye, which she accepted... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Presented to the American College of Physicians, St. Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, February 22, 1927. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1927Volume 1, Issue 5Page: 310-312KeywordsAbdominal painNauseaOutpatientsPatient advocacyVomiting Issue Published: 1 November 1927 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Very low dose of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, KB-R7943, protects ischemic reperfused aged Fischer 344 rat hearts: considerable strain difference in the sensitivity to KB-R7943
Authors: K Yamamura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Decreased ischemic tolerance in the aged myocardium is associated with accelerated intracellular Ca2+ overload. However, few drugs have been shown to attenuate reperfusion injury in aged hearts. Because the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) has been reported to play an important role in Ca2+ overload during reperfusion, we investigated whether KB-R7943 (KB-R), a novel inhibitor of the reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange, can protect aged rat hearts against reperfusion injury. Methods: In the pilot study, isolated hearts from young Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (12 weeks old), and young (12 weeks old) and aged (78 weeks old) Fischer 344 (F) rats were subjected to 25 min of global ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion with various concentrations of KB-R (0, 1 nM, 0.1 μM, 10 μM) and additional 20 min of reperfusion without agent. In subsequent studies with the same protocol in aged F rats, we added a protective dose of KB-R (1 nM) during the initial 10 min of reperfusion. In addition, we compared the amount of NCX1 and the sensitivity of the reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange to KB-R under extracellular Na+-free condition in F rats with young SD rats. Results: In the pilot study, protective effects were elicited with 1 nM of KB-R in both young and aged F rats, while 10 μM KB-R was needed for SD rats. In subsequent studies using aged F rats, there was better recovery of LV systolic function and high-energy phosphates with reduced creatine kinase release and the duration of reperfusion arrhythmias. 45Ca2+ uptake via the reverse mode of Na+/Ca2+ exchange was also inhibited with 1 nM of KB-R in young F rats, but not in young SD rats. Although the amount of NCX1 was not different among young SD, young F, and aged F rat hearts. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that KB-R could protect aged F rat hearts as well as young hearts of both strains against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, the sensitivity to KB-R is very different between these strains, suggesting serious caution when the agent is applied to human beings.
Unsuspected Infectious Hepatitis in Surgical Patients
Authors: Gertie F. Marx
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Clinical, laboratory, and histologic abnormalities of hepatic injury attributed to the use of halothane are almost indistinguishable from those caused by viral hepatitis. In three patients upon whom emergency surgery was performed, infectious hepatitis was detected from laboratory data or liver biopsy before the disease became clinically evident. Preoperatively, hepatitis was not suspected from the history or physical examination. Since infectious hepatitis may flare up following surgery and anesthesia, a high degree of suspicion should be standard.
540 IDENTIFICATION OF LAMIVUDINE RESISTANT HBV STRAIN RT204V/I IN ACUTE HEPATITIS B IN ITALY
Authors: N. Coppola, G. Tonziello, P. Colombatto, M. Pisaturo, V. Messina, F. Moriconi, L. Alessio, C. Sagnelli, D. Cavallone, M. Brunetto, E. Sagnelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Website of the week: Eating fruit and vegetables
Authors: G. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and health continues to fuel great interest among researchers and health professionals. The evidence that fruit and vegetables can protect against heart disease, cancer, and other illnesses is convincing. Current recommendations are that we should eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, but what is less clear is how to put this into practice. A paper in this week's BMJ (p …
Chronic toxicity and reproduction studies of hexachlorobutadiene in rats
Authors: R. J. Kociba, B. A. Schwetz, D. G. Keyes, G. C. Jersey, J. J. Ballard, D. A. Dittenber, J. F. Quast, C. E. Wade, C. G. Humiston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), while not produced commercially in the United States, may be encountered as an unwanted by-product of certain processes associated with the chlorination of hydrocarbons. Studies were conducted to assess the potential long-term toxicity of HCBD. In a reproduction study conducted in rats, dose levels of 20 or 2.0 mg/kg-day of HCBD induced slight maternal toxicity (primarily of the kidney) but caused no adverse effects on reproductive parameters-percent pregnancy and neonatal survival/development. A decreased neonatal body weight was noted at the highest dose level of 20 mg/kg-day of HCBD. No toxicologic effects were observed among the adults at a dose level of 0.2 mg/kg-day or among the neonates at dose levels of 0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg-day of HCBD. In a chronic toxicity study in rats, ingestion of 20 mg/kg-day for up to 2 years caused multiple toxicologic effects, primarily of the kidney, including the development of renal tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Ingestion of the intermediate dose level of 2 mg/kg-day caused lesser degrees of toxicity, but no evidence of neoplasia. Ingestion of the lowest dose level of 0.2 mg/kg-day of HCBD caused no effects that could be attributed to treatment. These data indicate a dose-response relationship for HCBD-induced toxicity affecting primarily the kidney. HCBD-induced neoplasms occurred only at a dose level higher than that causing discernible renal injury.
HEREDITARY FACTORS IN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: J. M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The hereditary factors are regarded as being less influential at the present day than was held prior to Koch's important discovery of the tubercle bacillus. It has been conclusively shown that direct hereditary transmission is an exceptional occurrence. Hauser, in an extensive and careful review of all previous work upon this question, reached the conclusion that there are only 18 authentic instances of direct inheritance of this disease to be found in the literature. In all of these cases only the mother had tuberculosis. He contends that conclusive proof of direct transmision from the father is wanting and this position is probably the correct one. Hauser attempted to produce experimental direct hereditary transmision in guinea-pigs and rabbits, and in a single animal only was he successful, and this had been kept alive for months after birth. He decided that the theory of direct inheritance rests on insufficient evidence. Birch Hirschfeld
Milk Proteins in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: L. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Background</h3> The ability to modulate immune-inhibitory pathways using checkpoint blockade antibodies such as αPD-1, αPD-L1, and αCTLA-4 represents a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy in recent years. This has driven interest in identifying small-molecule-immunotherapy combinations to increase the proportion of responses. Murine syngeneic models, which have a functional immune system, represent an essential tool for pre-clinical evaluation of new immunotherapies. However, immune response varies widely between models and the translational relevance of each model is not fully understood, making selection of an appropriate pre-clinical model for drug target validation challenging. <h3>Methods</h3> Using flow cytometry, O-link protein analysis, RT-PCR, and RNAseq we have characterized kinetic changes in immune-cell populations over the course of tumor development in commonly used syngeneic models. <h3>Results</h3> This longitudinal profiling of syngeneic models enables pharmacodynamic time point selection within each model, dependent on the immune population of interest. Additionally, we have characterized the changes in immune populations in each of these models after treatment with the combination of α-PD-L1 and α-CTLA-4 antibodies, enabling benchmarking to known immune modulating treatments within each model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Taken together, this dataset will provide a framework for characterization and enable the selection of the optimal models for immunotherapy combinations and generate potential biomarkers for clinical evaluation in identifying responders and non-responders to immunotherapy combinations.
HIV and AIDS.
Authors: A M Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

tion of asthma.For this to be successful it is important that the Department of Health should play an active part.Over the past decade almost all the initiatives have come from charities such as the National Asthma Campaign and professional bodies such as the British Thoracic Society.The greatest barrier to achieving a lower prevalence of asthma would be the Department of Health failing to live up to the promise of The Health of the Nation and reverting to the view that only those problems that have simple managerial solutions are of relevance to its strategy.