tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pain as an emergent issue in thalassemia
Authors: Felicia Trachtenberg, Dru Foote, Marie Martin, Susan Carson, Thomas Coates, Owen Beams, Olivia Vega, Manuela Merelles‐Pulcini, Patricia J. Giardina, Dorothy A. Kleinert, Janet Kwiatkowski, Alexis A. Thompson, Ellis J. Neufeld, Leann Schilling, Vivek Thayalasuthan, Zahra Pakbaz, Robert Yamashita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas are aggressive and relapses occur early.Late relapses are exceptional.Ten relapses 17.5 (11-29) years after first complete remission (CR1) were analyzed.Initial diseases were stage-I (nasal, n 5 8; tonsil, n 5 1; ileum, n 5 1), treated with radiotherapy (n 5 6), combined radiotherapy/chemotherapy (n 5 3), and chemotherapy (n 5 1).Relapse occurred at the same (nasal, n 5 6; tonsil, n 5 1), adjacent (initial: nasal, relapse: palate; n 5 1) or distant (n 5 2) sites.Five patients died soon afterwards.Four patients remitted with chemotherapy, two remaining in CR2 (3, 14 years).This series documented the rare late relapses in NK-cell lymphomas, which may still respond to salvage therapy.
Evidence for an Interaction Between Familial Liability and Prenatal Exposure to Infection in the Causation of Schizophrenia
Authors: Mary C. Clarke, Antti Tanskanen, Matti Huttunen, John C. Whittaker, Mary Cannon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: The authors sought to determine whether prenatal exposure to infection and a positive family history of psychotic disorders interact synergistically to increase the risk of later developing schizophrenia. Method: The authors linked two national registers, the Medical Birth Register and the Finnish Population Register, to identify all women in Helsinki who received hospital treatment during pregnancy for an upper urinary tract infection (N=9,596) between 1947 and 1990. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to ascertain psychiatric outcomes in adulthood of offspring exposed to infection prenatally. Family history of psychotic disorders was determined by linking the Hospital Discharge Register and the Population Register. The authors used an additive statistical interaction model to calculate the amount of biological synergism between positive family history and prenatal exposure to infection. Results: Prenatal exposure to infection did not significantly increase the risk of schizophrenia. However, the effect of prenatal exposure to pyelonephritis was five times greater in those who had a family history of psychosis compared to those who did not. The synergy analysis suggested that an estimated 38%–46% of the offspring who developed schizophrenia and had both prenatal exposure to infection and a positive family history of psychotic disorders did so as a result of the synergistic action of both risk factors. Conclusions: These findings support a mechanism of gene-environment interaction in the causation of schizophrenia.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF SPONTANEOUS DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER.
Authors: JULIUS H. COMROE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Chas. M., white, aged 16, schoolboy. Family History.—Entirely negative. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —Other than the ordinary diseases of childhood, the patient has never suffered any serious illness. No history of traumatism can be elicited. <h3>Present History.</h3> —Since early childhood the patient has at all times been able, by means of a certain series of manipulations, which consisted, for the most part, in raising and externally rotating the shoulder, "to throw both joints out of their sockets," producing, as a careful examination revealed, a complete subcoracoid dislocation. He had also learned easily to replace the bones by a reverse movement, and in neither case was there any pain produced. At times, while engaged in active gymnastic exercises, e. g., club swinging, basketball, etc., the luxation was voluntarily produced. During the past three months, however, he began to suffer some inconvenience when the left shoulder was either voluntarily or involuntarily dislocated, and
Phosphorylation of the myosin IIA tailpiece regulates single myosin IIA molecule association with lytic granules to promote NK-cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Keri B. Sanborn, Emily M. Mace, Gregory D. Rak, Analisa Difeo, John A. Martignetti, Alessandro Pecci, James B. Bussel, Rémi Favier, Jordan S. Orange
Journal: Blood (2011)
The case for general mechanisms in concept formation
Authors: Kenneth R. Livingston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Reasons are given for believing that it is premature to abandon the idea that domain-general models of concept learning can explain how human beings understand the biological world. Questions are raised about whether the evidence for domain specificity is convincing, and it is suggested that two constraints on domain-general concept learning models may be sufficient to account for the available data.
Eye, Brain, and Vision
Authors: Michael Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book describes how the brain handles visual information, based on knowledge gained from a body of investigations carried out approximately from 1950 to 1980. Proceeding from an explanation of the general organization of neural cells and the way that impulses are transmitted, the author examines how these concepts apply to the workings of the visual pathways. Chapters about the eye and primary visual cortex describe concepts of individual cells and their increasingly complex responses to various visual stimuli. Subsequent chapters detail, in literate prose, the anatomic and physiological organization of these cellular elements within the visual cortex. The author explains how this architecture facilitates image recognition and stereopsis. The final chapters summarize our current knowledge of the neural basis of color vision and vision development, the latter based on results of vision deprivation. Special mention must be accorded the final chapter, because this area of investigation ultimately led to
Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years
Authors: H. O Lithell, P. M McKeigue, L. Berglund, R. Mohsen, U.-B. Lithell, D. A Leon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To establish whether the relation between size at birth and non-insulin dependent diabetes is mediated through impaired β cell function or insulin resistance. <b>Design</b>: Cohort study. <b>Setting</b>: Uppsala, Sweden. <b>Subjects</b>: 1333 men whose birth records were traced from a cohort of 2322 men born during 1920-4 and resident in Uppsala in 1970. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Intravenous glucose tolerance test at age 50 years and non-insulin dependent diabetes at age 60 years. <b>Results</b>: There was a weak inverse correlation (r=-0.07, P=0.03) between ponderal index at birth and 60 minute insulin concentrations in the intravenous glucose tolerance test at age 50 years. This association was stronger (r=-0.19, P=0.001) in the highest third of the distribution of body mass index than in the other two thirds (P=0.01 for the interaction between ponderal index and body mass index). Prevalence of diabetes at age 60 years was 8% in men whose birth weight was less than 3250 g compared with 5% in men with birth weight 3250 g or more (P=0.08; 95% confidence interval for difference −0.3% to 6.8%). There was a stronger association between diabetes and ponderal index: prevalence of diabetes was 12% in the lowest fifth of ponderal index compared with 4% in the other four fifths (P=0.001; 3.0% to 12.6%). <b>Conclusion</b>: These results confirm that reduced fetal growth is associated with increased risk of diabetes and suggest a specific association with thinness at birth. This relation seems to be mediated through insulin resistance rather than through impaired β cell function and to depend on an interaction with obesity in adult life.
The lying king
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Dr John Arbuthnot was Queen Anne's personal physician and a close friend of Jonathan Swift and John Gay (of The Beggar's Opera ). He was a polymath: as well as holding MDs from Edinburgh and Cambridge, he was a classical scholar and mathematician. He was a pioneer not only of medicine but of political science. Arbuthnot understood the way of the world so well that one of his works might serve as a guide to modern life.

In 1712, he published his Proposals for Printing A very Curious Discourse, in Two Volumes in Quarto, Intitled A Treatise of the Art of Political Lying, With an Abstract of the First Volume of the said Treatise . Alas, he never completed his great work, or even started it, …
Abatacept in spondyloarthritis refractory to tumour necrosis factor α inhibition: Figure 1
Authors: I Olivieri, S D’Angelo, G A Mennillo, G Pistone, E Scarano, A Padula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

We report the case of a patient with undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (uSpA) who was successfully treated with abatacept after failing all three available tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α antagonists.

Her disease had begun in 2003 with right buttock pain and asymmetrical peripheral arthritis. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing for the B27 antigen, antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor were negative. No erosions were observed on x rays of hands and feet. Since MRI of the sacroiliac joints (SI) showed right sacroiliitis, a diagnosis of uSpA with axial and peripheral joint involvement was made.

During the first 4 years of evolution, the disease was unresponsive to different drugs including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), oral and intra-articular …
Sensitivity of Hemoccult Slide Test
Authors: Martin Fleisher
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In May 1977, in a letter to the editor, Morton J. Goodman, MD (237:2380, 1977), reported his dissatisfaction with the Hemoccult slide test for occult blood in stool. Goodman concluded that the test "was an insensitive method for detecting occult blood in stools in a mass screening setting." We responded to his letter, pointing out several problems in the methodology of screening techniques, patient selection, and calculation of data—all of which invalidated his conclusions (238:2014, 1977). In an exchange of letters to the editor, Dr Goodman (240:2733, 1978; 242:140, 1979) and S. Bharath, MD (242:140, 1979), further addressed the use of the Hemoccult slide test as a screening tool for neoplastic disease of the colon. In response to their discussion, the following information is offered to help resolve some of the questions raised. Regarding the question of rehydration, our data indicate an increase in sensitivity associated with
Wine as a digestive aid: comparative antimicrobial effects of bismuth salicylate and red and white wine
Authors: M. E Weisse, B. Eberly, D. A Person
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b>To test whether red and white wines are as potent as bismuth salicylate against the bacteria responsible for traveller9s diarrhoea to try to explain wine9s legendary reputation as a digestive aid. <b>Design:</b>Red and white wine, bismuth salicylate, two solutions containing ethanol (diluted absolute ethanol and tequila), and sterilised water were tested against suspensions of salmonella, shigella, and Escherichia coli to determine relative antibacterial activity. Suspensions of 107 colony forming units of shigella, salmonella, and E coli were added to the test solutions and plated on standard nutrient agar at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours. Dilutions of wine and bismuth salicylate were then tested with E coli as the test bacterium, and the experiment repeated. <b>Main outcome measures:</b>Exposure times necessary for eradication of organisms for the different solutions; decreases in colony counts at the different exposure times for dilutions of wine and bismuth salicylates. <b>Results:</b> Undiluted wine and bismuth salicylate were both effective in reducing the number of viable organisms (by 105-106 colony forming units) after 20-30 minutes. Dilutions of wine were much more effective in decreasing colony counts than were similar dilutions of bismuth salicylate. <b>Conclusion:</b>The antibacterial property of wine is largely responsible for wine9s reputation as a digestive aid.
The long term effect of repeated pluckings on the function of the mouse vibrissal follicles
Authors: LAMEES IBRAHIM, E.A. WRIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Single mouse vibrissae were plucked repeatedly at the same time of the cycle (10--15 days after eruption) for ten successive cycles from eight individual follicles. After three pluckings the first grey whisker appeared, after six pluckings all were grey. Two follicles stopped producing whiskers after seven pluckings and another two after the 8th. Henceforth only 50% of the follicles continued producing whiskers until the end of the experiment. All the follicles which ceased to produce whiskers had a keratogenous cyst occupying most of the follicle in direct contact with the dermal papilla. In all cases the isolated dermal papilla was condensed and rounded in shape. Both loss of pigment and cyst formation could be due to the mechanical damage in the follicle caused by repeated plucking.
Effect of biofeedback on patients' tolerance of fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Authors: J M Goldman, J V Collins, P J Hanson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Effect of biofeedback on patients' tolerance of fibreoptic bronchoscopyFibreoptic bronchoscopy in healthy volunteers has been seen to be tolerated better if the subject watches the procedure through a teaching attachment.We tested this observation in a controlled trial of 50 patients presenting consecutively for fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Toluene Sniffing and Severe Sinus Bradycardia
Authors: CHI-SUNG ZEE-CHENG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Toluene Sniffing and Severe Sinus BradycardiaCHI-SUNG ZEE-CHENG, M.D., CATHERINE E. MUELLER, Pharm.D., HARRY R. GIBBS, M.D.CHI-SUNG ZEE-CHENG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CATHERINE E. MUELLER, Pharm.D.Search for more papers by this author, HARRY R. GIBBS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-482_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The exact cause of sudden death from toluene vapor inhalation remains unknown. Most evidence suggests a cardiac cause. One postulated mechanism is the development of fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia due to sensitization of the heart to epinephrine by toluene (1). We report the case of a previously healthy patient who was recently hospitalized with muscle weakness, gastrointestinal complaints, and rhabdomyolysis from toluene inhalation (2).During the initial phase of his hospital stay, the patient had frequent periods of profound sinus bradycardia with P-P interval of up to 4.5 seconds during waking hours as shown on the bedside monitor....References1. REINHARDTAZARMAXFIELDSMITHMULLIN CAMPL. Cardiac arrhythmias and aerosol "sniffing." Arch Environ Health. 1971;22:265-79. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STREICHERGABOWMOSSKONOKAEHNY HPADW. Syndromes of toluene sniffing in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:758-62. LinkGoogle Scholar3. TAYLORHARRIS GW. Glue sniffing causes heart block in mice. Science. 1970;170:866-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Missouri—Kansas City Kansas City, MO 64108 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of chronic toluene exposure on heart rhythm parametersSudden Cardiac Death and Addictive Chemical SubstancesHuffing-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Case ReportAtrioventricular conduction abnormality and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in toluene sniffingSlow Heart-Slow Brain: Consequence of Short-term Occupational Exposure to Toluene in a Young Woman: What Is The Real Mechanism?Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Toluene AbuseInhalant abuse by adolescents11The full text of this article is available via JAH Online at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jahonline.Bradycardia in Toluene PoisoningVolatile substances with special reference to volatile substance abuseVolatile Substances of AbuseCardiovascular effects of adolescent drug abuseChronic Non-neurological Toxicity from Volatile Substance AbuseRecurrent resuscitation and ?No Code? orders in a 27-year-old spray paint abuserSocial drugs 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 482-482KeywordsBradycardiaEpinephrineHeartInhalationMusclesRhabdomyolysisTachycardia Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of Depression With Accelerated Cognitive Decline Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the ACCORD-MIND Trial
Authors: Mark D. Sullivan, Wayne J. Katon, Laura C. Lovato, Michael E. Miller, Anne M. Murray, Karen R. Horowitz, R. Nick Bryan, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Santica Marcovina, Basil E. Akpunonu, Janice Johnson, Jean Francois Yale, Jeff Williamson, Lenore J. Launer
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Depression has been identified as a risk factor for dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but the cognitive domains and patient groups most affected have not been identified.
A glimpse at the future of hepatitis C therapy: The INFORM trial
Authors: Lei Y. Lim, Paul Y. Kwo, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Background: Present interferon-based standard of care treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is limited by both efficacy and tolerability. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of an all-oral combination treatment with two experimental anti-HCV drugs—RG7128, a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor; and danoprevir, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor—in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Management of breast cancer: Author's reply
Authors: R D Rubens
Journal: BMJ (1992)

paper by Jennifer Barraclough and colleagues underlines this; in their sample 45 out of 204 patients with breast cancer had a major depressive episode lasting at least three months after a surgical treatment.4Similarly, Maguire et al showed that one in four women had significant psychological symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction, 12 months after mastectomy.5Studies have concentrated on patients treated surgically, but all patients with breast cancer are at risk of psychological sequelae.6Detecting these is important as psychological problems in patients with cancer respond well to several treatments.7Though a third of all breast cancer occurs in those aged over 70, elderly people have been excluded from most studies assessing psycho- logical morbidity.This is regrettable as breast cancer in elderly people tends to be treated more conservatively; operable breast cancer is less common, and, for many, quality of life is more important than quantity.Psychological health is therefore important.The studies that have not excluded elderly patients have not presented the results separately, so little is known about the psychological problems of elderly patients with breast cancer.An unsupportive social network and debility are associated with a higher risk of psychological problems in studies of patients with cancer under 70.8These factors may be more prominent in elderly patients.Moreover, depression is common in elderly people and, at least in the past, has often gone untreated.9There may be considerable unrecognised and untreated psychological morbidity in elderly patients with breast cancer.Specific research is needed to clarify this.Awareness of this and detection and treatment of psychological distress by medical and nursing staff should form an important part of any management plan.
Curcumin, a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent, is a biologically active iron chelator
Authors: Yan Jiao, John Wilkinson, Xiumin Di, Wei Wang, Heather Hatcher, Nancy D. Kock, Ralph D'Agostino, Mary Ann Knovich, Frank M. Torti, Suzy V. Torti
Journal: Blood (2008)
An admixture type of hyperplastic polyp at the esophagogastric junction
Authors: T. Hayashi, S. Shikuwa, H. Isomoto, N. Yamaguchi, K. Ohnita, N. Inoue, H. Nishiyama, E. Fukuda, Y. Mizuta, S. Kohno
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 67-year-old man with a 2-year history of reflux esophagitis visited our hospital complaining of heartburn. Physical examination was negative, and blood and biochemical laboratory tests were normal. Tumor markers were within the normal range. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identified a sessile polypoid lesion at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) ([Fig. 1]). It was located just adjacent to the reddish scar of esophagitis ([Fig. 1]). On chromoendoscopy using Lugol’s solution, the protruding lesion was mostly iodine-unstained but iodine-stained in spots ([Fig. 2]).
Trainees' Conference Report. Hanging loose in Sheffield.
Authors: S Burkhart
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Maintaining their independence as a group and improving com? munication among trainees were the overriding concerns of the 200 vocational trainees who met at Sheffield University for the fifth National Conference for General Practice Trainees. The two-day meeting also clarified some of the difficulties that vocational trainees have during their two years of hospital training?such as the lack of obstetric posts. The conference heard the results of a questionnaire sent to hospital consultants and to trainees about hospital posts for trainees ; discussed the present and future of vocational training ; heard about the future of obstetrics in general practice; and defeated the motion that adequate primary care cannot be provided until the number of GPs is at least doubled. The mood of the trainees at this confer? ence was low key, unlike that at Exeter last year when a lot of the problems of vocational trainees were aired.1 Reason, confidence, and humour dominated the discussions, and this undoubtedly was not lost on the trainers, course organisers, regional advisers, and representatives of the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice, the Department of Health, and the General Medical Services Committee who were there. The trainees conference was a valuable education for their seniors.
The Silencing of Pseudogenes
Authors: Alex Mira, Ravindra Pushker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Pseudogenes are nonfunctional DNA sequences that can accumulate in the genomes of some bacterial species, especially those undergoing processes like niche change, host specialization, or weak selection strength. They may last for long evolutionary periods, opening the question of how the genome prevents expression of these degenerated or disrupted genes that would presumably give rise to malfunctioning proteins. We have investigated ribosomal binding strength at Shine-Dalgarno sequences and the prevalence of σ70 promoter regions in pseudogenes across bacteria. It is reported that the RNA polymerase–binding sites and more strongly the ribosome-binding regions of pseudogenes are highly degraded, suggesting that transcription and translation are impaired in nonfunctional open reading frames. This would reduce the metabolic investment on faulty proteins because although pseudogenes can persist for long time periods, they would be effectively silenced. It is unclear whether mutation accumulation on regulatory regions is neutral or whether it is accelerated by selection.