tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy: Progress, Problems, Perspectives
Authors: Roland Pierloot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

The II Hague Workshop offered an opportunity to representants of the short-term dynamic psychotherapy to demonstrate and confront their techniques and theoretical assumptions. The principal results of this exchange of ideas, with regard to identity and differentiation of the therapy, evaluation of patients suitable for this therapy, therapeutic technique, assessment of outcome, suitability and training of the therapists, are summed up.
Medicare Spending for Previously Uninsured Adults
Authors: J. Michael McWilliams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Medicare spending after age 65 years may be higher for previously uninsured adults if suboptimal care before this age leads to irreversible complications, persistently elevated clinical risks, or delay of costly elective procedures. Objective: To compare Medicare spending for previously uninsured and insured adults by using Medicare claims data. Design: Longitudinal survey data and linked Medicare claims data were used to compare Medicare spending for beneficiaries age 65 to 74 years who were previously insured or previously uninsured before age 65 years. An inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting technique was used to adjust for fixed and time-varying sociodemographic and health characteristics before age 65 years. Condition-specific hospitalizations were compared, and their contribution to differences in Medicare spending was estimated. Setting: Nationally representative Health and Retirement Study, 1992 to 2006. Participants: 2951 continuously insured adults and 1616 adults who were continuously or intermittently uninsured before age 65 years. Measurements: Mean adjusted annual Medicare spending (total and by type of service) and annual rates of condition-specific hospitalizations. Results: Adjusted annual total Medicare spending was significantly higher for previously uninsured than previously insured adults ($5796 vs. $4773; difference, $1023 [95% CI, $29 to $2016]; P = 0.044). Among relevant clinical subgroups, previously uninsured adults had higher adjusted annual hospitalization rates than previously insured adults for complications related to cardiovascular disease or diabetes (9.1% vs. 6.4%; P = 0.002) and for joint replacements (2.5% vs. 1.3%; P = 0.006). Differences in these hospitalizations accounted for 65.7% of the $644 difference in annual Medicare inpatient spending between all previously uninsured and insured adults. Limitation: Unobserved confounders could have explained spending differences. Conclusion: Costs of expanded coverage before age 65 years may be partially offset by subsequent reductions in Medicare spending after age 65 years, particularly for uninsured adults with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or severe arthritis. Primary Funding Source: The Commonwealth Fund.
VALIDITY OF REPORTS OF PENICILLIN-RESISTANT GONOCOCCI
Authors: Eugene J. Gangarosa
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A number of microorganisms can be confused easily with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, particularly the tribe Mimeae which was recognized and named in 1939. Mima polymorpha can cause not only urethritis but also fatal septicemia. Some species of Mimeae are resistant to penicillin. The evidence presented here shows that past reports of penicillin-resistant gonorrhea cannot be accepted because so many penicillin-resistant organisms isolated from the genitourinary tract can mimic the gonococcus. Studies of penicillin-resistant urethritis must include more thorough procedures for identifying the organisms involved. The authors still consider penicillin in adequate dosage as the proper treatment for urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
THE ROENTGENOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: RUSSELL D. CARMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Stripped of its minor details, the routine examination at the Mayo Clinic for all gastric and duodenal lesions comprises two principal features: a bariumized carbohydrate meal to test motility, and a screen examination six hours later, at which time an aqueous suspension of barium is given.  The motor test-meal consists of 2 ounces (62 gm.) of barium sulphate in an equal portion of well cooked cereal, and is given in lieu of breakfast. A retention from this meal after six hours, if no food has been taken meanwhile, is of importance for three reasons: (1) It is strongly indicative of an organic lesion of the stomach or duodenum; (2) in conjunction with certain other phenomena, to be mentioned later, it is diagnostic of duodenal ulcer, and (3) the presence of gastric retention has an important bearing on treatment.  At the fluoroscopic examination, the patient drinks a mixture of 4 ounces
Cancers in Physicians 1955-1965
Authors: J. H. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> A practitioner need not be very old to remember being taught that "cancer of the stomach kills more people than cancer of any other part of the body and therefore ranks high among the common causes of death." (Cecil and Loeb:<i>Textbook of Medicine, 1955</i>). Earlier editions stated that deaths from gastric carcinoma in the United States constitute about 18% of the total deaths from cancer. Recently scattered reports have indicated some decline in incidence of this important disease, and surgeons at our hospital (186 beds) have the impression that they no longer operate for this condition with the frequency they once did. A study by one of us<sup>1</sup>seemed to disclose a surprisingly low and falling rate of stomach cancer. This clue prompted the present study which is primarily concerned with the question, Is cancer of the stomach in this country really on the wane
SUBCLINICAL GLYCOSURIA IN ACNE VULGARIS.
Authors: C. N. D. CRUICKSHANK, E. A. FAIRBURN, M. D. TROTTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article SUBCLINICAL GLYCOSURIA IN ACNE VULGARIS. Get access C. N. D. CRUICKSHANK, C. N. D. CRUICKSHANK Medical Research Council, Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham 15, and the Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital, Birmingham 4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. A. FAIRBURN, E. A. FAIRBURN Medical Research Council, Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham 15, and the Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital, Birmingham 4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. D. TROTTER M. D. TROTTER Medical Research Council, Unit for Research on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham 15, and the Department of Dermatology, The General Hospital, Birmingham 4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1963, Pages 363–366, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13575.x Published: 01 August 1963
Celiac Axis Compression
Authors: W. C. WATSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Twenty patients with celiac axis compression were treated surgically during a 5-year period. Fifteen remain asymptomatic, two are partially improved, two are unimproved, and one has been lost to follow-up. The main presenting symptom was upper abdominal pain—constant in some, intermittent in most—and the main diagnostic clue was a loud, localized systolic bruit in the midepigastrium. All had angiographic confirmation of the diagnosis. Ten had previous surgery (appendectomy, cholecystectomy, vagotomy, and pyloroplasty), without relief. The authenticity of celiac axis compression as a symptom-producing entity is difficult to establish objectively because the main treatable symptom is pain. However, eight of these patients gained weight, three have shown improvement in pancreatic function, and one of the unimproved patients still has an occluded celiac axis. A critical review of the literature of this controversial topic is included.
Patient-Initiated Laboratory Testing: Applauding the Inevitable
Authors: Henry B. Soloway
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE TREND of direct patient access to health care started insidiously a long time ago. First there were bathroom scales and home thermometers. To these have been added home blood pressure measuring devices and glucose monitoring strips and instruments and a variety of test kits that can be purchased in drugstores and supermarkets. Consumers may currently use such kits to determine if they are pregnant, have occult blood in their stool, have high levels of blood or urine glucose, or have recently ovulated. The popularity of these devices and kits underscores today's consumers' sophistication, willingness to play active roles in their own health care, and desire for convenient alternatives to the traditional mechanisms by which they obtain health data. According to one major market-research firm, sales of home health kits doubled between 1981 and 1986. In 1989, the estimated sales volume was $750 million, and projected 1995 sales exceed $1
New Developments in Civil Commitment of the Mentally III
Authors: Patricia W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In deciding Addington vs Texas the US Supreme Court established "clear and convincing evidence" as the standard of proof necessary for civil commitment of the mentally ill rather than the criminal standard, "beyond a reasonable doubt." This decision has major implications for the mentally ill person, the family, and the psychiatrist. The mentally ill person is returned to the role of patient. The family is given aid in their dilemma of coping with their psychotic member. The psychiatrist is seen as helper rather than jailer.
JAK2 mutation and disease phenotype: a double L611V/V617F in cis mutation of JAK2 is associated with isolated erythrocytosis and increased activation of AKT and ERK1/2 rather than STAT5
Authors: C Cleyrat, J Jelinek, F Girodon, M Boissinot, T Ponge, J-L Harousseau, J-P Issa, S Hermouet
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Funding crisis threatens aid for Pakistan's 2.5 million displaced people
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Aid for millions of people displaced by fighting in Pakistan’s Swat valley is being jeopardised by a severe funding shortage, as the imminent arrival of the annual monsoon threatens to worsen conditions further, a group of international aid agencies has warned. The nine agencies issuing the alert face a combined shortfall of £26m (€31m; $43m).

“This is the worst funding crisis we’ve faced in over a decade for a major humanitarian emergency,” said Jane Cocking, Oxfam’s humanitarian director. “Some 2.5 million people have fled their homes. One month into this emergency Oxfam is £4m short, and [we] will have to turn our backs on some of the world’s most vulnerable people.” …
Identification of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Chenwei Li, David G. Heidt, Piero Dalerba, Charles F. Burant, Lanjing Zhang, Volkan Adsay, Max Wicha, Michael F. Clarke, Diane M. Simeone
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells within a tumor, termed cancer stem cells. Although data have been provided to support this theory in human blood, brain, and breast cancers, the identity of pancreatic cancer stem cells has not been determined. Using a xenograft model in which primary human pancreatic adenocarcinomas were grown in immunocompromised mice, we identified a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of pancreatic cancer cells expressing the cell surface markers CD44, CD24, and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA). Pancreatic cancer cells with the CD44+CD24+ESA+ phenotype (0.2–0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells) had a 100-fold increased tumorigenic potential compared with nontumorigenic cancer cells, with 50% of animals injected with as few as 100 CD44+CD24+ESA+ cells forming tumors that were histologically indistinguishable from the human tumors from which they originated. The enhanced ability of CD44+CD24+ESA+ pancreatic cancer cells to form tumors was confirmed in an orthotopic pancreatic tail injection model. The CD44+CD24+ESA+ pancreatic cancer cells showed the stem cell properties of self-renewal, the ability to produce differentiated progeny, and increased expression of the developmental signaling molecule sonic hedgehog. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells and further elucidation of the signaling pathways that regulate their growth and survival may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat pancreatic cancer, which is notoriously resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1030–7]
Relationships Between Medicare Advantage Contract Characteristics and Quality-of-Care Ratings
Authors: Peng Xu, James F. Burgess, Howard Cabral, Rene Soria-Saucedo, Lewis E. Kazis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) publishes star ratings on Medicare Advantage (MA) contracts to measure plan quality of care with implications for reimbursement and bonuses. Objective: To investigate whether MA contract characteristics are associated with quality of care through the Medicare plan star ratings. Design: Retrospective study of MA star ratings in 2010. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable linear regression models assessed the relationship between 5-star rating summary scores and plan characteristics. Setting: CMS MA contracts nationally. Participants: 409 (71%) of a total of 575 MA contracts, covering 10.56 million Medicare beneficiaries (90% of the MA population) in the United States in 2010. Measurements: The MA quality ratings summary score (stars range from 1 to 5) is a quality measure based on 36 indicators related to processes of care, health outcomes, access to care, and beneficiary satisfaction. Results: Nonprofit, larger, and older MA contracts were more likely to receive higher star ratings. Star ratings ranged from 2 to 5. Nonprofit contracts received an average 0.55 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.67) higher star ratings than for-profit contracts (P < 0.001) after controls were set for contract characteristics. Limitation: The study focused on persons aged 65 years or older covered by MA. Conclusion: In 2010, nonprofit MA contracts received significantly higher star ratings than for-profit contracts. When comparing health plans in the future, the CMS should give increasing attention to for-profit plans with lower quality ratings and consider developing programs to assist newer and smaller plans in improving their care for Medicare beneficiaries. Primary Funding Source: None.
IMPACT OF SINGLE INTRACORONARY NICORANDIL ADMINISTRATION ON MICROCIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE AFTER SUCCESSFUL PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Yasuji Doi, Noritoshi Ito, Shinsuke Nanto, Hirotaka Sawano, Tomoaki Natsukawa, Yuma Kurozumi, Daisuke Tonomura, Noriaki Yamada, Ken-ichiro Okada, Yasuyuki Hayashi, Tatsuro Kai, Toru Hayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of drugs on urate binding to plasma proteins
Authors: R. Bluestone, I. Kippen, J. R. Klinenberg
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The effect of various drugs on urate binding to plasma proteins was investigated in normal subjects. Whereas allopurinol, aspirin, phenylbutazone, probenecid, and sulphinpyrazone all significantly reduced plasma urate concentrations, only aspirin, phenylbutazone, and probenecid significantly impaired urate binding. Colchicine and indomethacin in the doses administered had no significant effect on plasma urate concentrations or binding. In the case of aspirin, urate binding was reduced to 25% of normal, and this effect was quickly abolished after cessation of therapy. Phenylbutazone reduced urate binding to 56% and probenecid to 46% of normal; this impairment was still detected four days after cessation of therapy. Drugs may impair urate binding by competition for plasma protein binding sites, with displacement of bound urate. Impairment of urate binding in vivo by administration of certain drugs may be relevant to the precipitation of acute gouty arthritis, to the formation of gouty tophi, and to the augmentation of uricosuria. Furthermore, the role of drugs must be seriously considered during all studies on urate binding in patients with gout.
Pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. VII. Evidence for a cell membrane toxin receptor involving β1 {arrow} 4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers
Authors: GT Keusch, M Jacewicz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The binding of ShigeUa dysenteriae 1 cytotoxin to HeLa cells in culture and to isolated rat liver cell membranes was studied by means of an indirect consumption assay of toxicity from the medium, or by determination of cytotoxicity to the HeLa cell monolayer. Both liver cell membranes and HeLa cells removed toxicity from the medium during incubation, in contrast to WI-38 and Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, both of which neither bound nor were affected by the toxin. Uptake of toxin was directly related to concentration of membranes added, time,and temperature, and indirectly related to the ionic strength of the buffer used. The chemical nature of the membrane receptor was characterized by using three principal approaches: (a) enzymatic sensitivity; (b) competitive inhibition and (c) receptor blockade studies. The receptor was destroyed by proteolytic enzymes, phospholipases (which markedly altered the gross appearance of the membrane preparation) and by lysozyme, but not by a variety of other enzymes. Of 28 carbohydrate and glycoprotein haptens studied, including cholera toxin and ganglioside, only the chitin oligosaccharide lysozyme substrates, per N-acetylated chitotriose, chitotetraose, and chitopentaose were effective competitive inhibitors. Greatest inhibition was found with the trimer, N, N', N" triacetyl chitotriose. Of three lectins studied as possible receptor blockers, including phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin, only the latter, which is known to possess specific binding affinity for N, N', N" triacetyl chitotriose, was able to block toxin uptake. Evidence from all three approaches indicate, therefore, existence of a glycoprotein toxin receptor on mammalian cells, with involvement of oligomeric β1{arrow}4-1inked N-acetyl glucosamine in the receptor. This receptor is clearly distinct from the G(M1) ganglioside thought to be involved in the binding of cholera toxin to the cell membrane of a variety of cell types susceptible to its action.
Release of platelet constituents by monosodium urate crystals.
Authors: M H Ginsberg, F Kozin, M O'Malley, D J McCarty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The release of human platelet constituents by the etiologic agent of gout, the monosodium urate crystal, is described here. In suspensions of washed platelets, response to urate crystals proceeded in two phases: A secretory phase involved the rapid active release of serotonin, ATP, and ADP with little loss of lactic dehydrogenase or beta-glucuronidase. A lytic phase involved the slower loss of all platelet constituents. Both phases were inhibited by iodoacetate plus dinitrophenol, suggesting an energy requirement. In ultrastructural studies, lysis of washed platelets which appeared to contain crystals was seen. Urate crystals were also shown to induce serotonin release and platelet lysis in citrated platelet-rich plasma. Since urate crystals are deposited at a variety of sites, urate crystal-platelet interaction in vivo is a possibility. Such interactions, leading to release of platelet constituents, might contribute to gouty inflammation or to enhanced atherogenesis.
Reply from Authors re: Apostolos Apostolidis. Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Riddle Waiting to Be Solved. Eur Urol 2013;64:408–10
Authors: Philip Van Kerrebroeck, François Haab, Javier C. Angulo, Viktor Vik, Ferenc Katona, Alberto Garcia-Hernandez, Monique Klaver, Klaudia Traudtner, Matthias Oelke
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Suppurative Lymphadenitis following Intradermal B.C.G. Vaccination of the Newborn
Authors: J. Guld, K. Magnus, K. Tolderlund, K. Biering-Sorensen, P. Q. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1955)

CORTISONE IN ULCERATIVE COLITISMEDIBCLJROURNAL the sigmoidoscopic appearances before treatment.Normal or improved sigmoidoscopic appearances were more frequent in the cortisone group.Similarly, for 51 patients examined by barium enema at the end of treatment, improvement in the radiological appearances was more common in the cortisone-treated patients.Deaths were less frequent among the cortisone group than among the controls; brief details are given of the fatal cases.Follow-up information is available for an average period of eighteen months in respect of 205 patients out of the original 210.Nine months after the trial period patients treated with cortisone in the first attack preserved a clear advantage over the corresponding control group.By contrast, relapse cases treated with cortisone had lost the initial advantage they showed at the end of the trial period.At the end of the follow-up period, essentially the same pattern existed as at nine months, but with a slight worsening of the general picture.About one-fifth of the original group had been treated by ileostomy by the end of the study.Of these 44 patients, 14 (31.8%) were dead at the end of the study.Cortisone is a valuable addition to the medical treat- ment of ulcerative colitis.We think it likely that better short-term results than we have obtained in the present trial could be achieved by the use of higher doses when necessary.However, its effect is far from permanent, particularly in the established disease, though it is possible that more prolonged treatment than we have so far used will give better long-term results.
Conversion disorder in childhood
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In his excellent review (September 2003 JRSM1) Professor Leary says that, in a paediatric neurology unit in the west of England, the prevalence of conversion disorder approaches 10%. In an Indian study on children and adolescents, the prevalence was 31% among inpatients and 15% among outpatients.2 This could be related to the fact that, in this culture, children with 'medical' symptoms are more readily brought for consultation than those with psychiatric symptoms alone. Moreover, conversion disorders are over-represented in the lower socio-economic groups.3 Professor Leary does not offer a reason for the higher incidence in girls than in boys. This might be related to sexual or physical abuse, a known predisposing factor.4

A common method of diagnosing conversion disorder is the resolution of symptoms in response to a placebo injection. However, this method is not advisable since it reinforces the 'medical' model for symptoms and may hamper the response to psychotherapy later.

Though these children should not be extensively investigated at presentation they do need regular follow-up. In one early series, 46% of children with conversion disorder were later found to have organic explanations for their symptoms.5