tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: O C Kestler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1949)

Koeppen (1932) appears to be the first to have found perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the sciatic nerve in two cases out of eight which were examined.These were cases of acute or subacute rheumatism.Curtis and Pollard (1940) described perivascular lymphatic infiltration in the skin and in skeletal muscles other than discussed in this paper.However, they called attention to the fact that these changes should be evidence of a generalized process.In 1942 Freund and others reported lesions in the peripheral nerves in cases of rheumatoid arthritis, In a further study by the same authors (1945).inflammatory lesions were noted in the deltoid, triceps, and gastrocnemius muscles in fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis.These changes' were unassociated with nerve fibrils.Steiner and others (1946) confirmed their findings in a subsequent publication in 1946.Triceps, deltoid, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, ilio- psoas, gastrocnemius, and other unidentified muscles of the legs were examined at this time.Gibson and others (1946) studied muscle material in eleven patients with generalized arthritis.These authors studied biopsy specimens from the deltoid, vastus externus and internus, and in one case from the biceps. Aim of StudyWhen the author pierformed his first operation for a painful arthritic hand he was struck by the acuteness of the pathologic findings in spite of the very active so-called anti-rheumatoid therapy the patient had gone through, not only for years, but until shortly before surgery was undertaken.Besides several courses of gold therapy, this patient received the following treatments over a period of four years: antistreptococcus toxin, intravenous cinchophen, a non-specific vaccine, foreign protein, vitamin E, large doses of vitamin D, oral and parenteral salicylates, sodium iodide, and local and intravenous histamine.And yet the subcutaneous tissues were oedematous and inflamed.The capsule of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints was thickened and when it was opened a creamy greyish fluid escaped.The lining of the capsule had a dark red velvety appearance and consisted of enlarged villous tissue.Similar findings were encountered in practically every other case wheie the above structure was operated upon.The muscle bellies of the interossei, lumbricales, and those of the intrinsic 42 copyright.
Uptake of toxic silica particles by isolated rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) is receptor mediated and can be blocked by competition.
Authors: V Kolb-Bachofen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Silica particles (quartz dust) are toxic to macrophages after their uptake into these cells. These experiments describe the opsonization mechanism(s) and macrophage receptor(s) involved in silica uptake. Freshly isolated rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) were incubated at 37 degrees C with silica particles in the presence or absence of autologous or heterologous plasma or purified plasma fibronectin and cell viability was assessed at various times. Within 60 min of coincubation, > 80% of macrophages were lysed in the presence of plasma or purified fibronectin but not in their absence (viability > 90%). Lysis was slower with defibronectinized plasma (28% in 60 min). Macrophages could be protected from lysis by addition of the monosaccharide N-acetyl-D-galactosamine but not by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Galactosylated serum albumin but not mannosylated albumin or native albumin exerted full protection from lysis. The pentapeptide GRGDS also prevented macrophage lysis in synergy with N-acetyl-galactosamine. Enzymatic deglycosylation of fibronectin reduced lysis significantly. These findings indicate an important opsonizing activity for fibronectin and dual recognition via the lectin-like galactose-specific binding activity of membrane-associated C-reactive protein and by integrin receptor(s). Binding experiments (at 4 degrees C) revealed initial binding as primarily galactose-inhibitable, suggesting integrin-mediated binding as a later event necessary for effective uptake.
Cancer Experts Recommend Introducing Palliative Care at Time of Diagnosis
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

tabolized by the same enzyme are present, there is some competition for the enzyme,” Caritis explained. If concomitant use of other drugs alters the metabolism of 17-OHPC in women, it could increase plasma concentrations of the drug and may lead to adverse effects, said Caritis. The clinical consequence of these interactions is unclear because the therapeutic concentration for 17-OHPC is unknown. Whether 17-OHPC alters the metabolism of other medications metabolized by the same enzymes as those metabolizing 17-OHPC is also not known. Caritis and his colleagues are studying whether such interactions occur. “Drug-drug interaction is something physicians have to be thinking about,” Caritis said. “The effectiveness and safety of medications such as 17-OHPC may be affected by other medications.”
Data Access for the Open Access Literature: PLOS's Data Policy
Authors: Theodora Bloom, Emma Ganley, Margaret Winker
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

The new PLOS Data Policy will require all submitting authors to include a data availability statement as of March 1, 2014. Read more about what this means and see the policy itself in this cross-PLOS Editorial from Theo Bloom and colleagues. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Rehabilitation: An Evolving Concept
Authors: Charles Gillette Eustace
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The word rehabilitation is relatively new and our present concept has attained form and subtance only recently. The idea, however, is as ancient as the practice of medicine. I shall attempt to put into a meaningful picture what we are dealing with in a vocational rehabilitation center. The things I have to say may perform as aids to memory and as challenges to more effective operation, the modest duties of a sketchbook. It is sometimes possible to catch something of the recovery of the past and the delineation of the present, in the swift movement of a lightly penciled sketch. And, if I may be permitted to mix metaphors, I must confess that "I have gathered a posie of other men's flowers/And nothing but the thread that binds them is mine own." I suppose the first recorded case of rehabilitation is to be found in the book of Genesis, with
Cochrane launches global consultation on drug company sponsorship
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The leadership of the international Cochrane Collaboration failed to make a decision on drug company sponsorship at last week's annual conference in Barcelona, opting instead for a complex consultation with its 10 000 members.

Professor Jim Neilson, who co-chairs the collaboration's steering group, told the BMJ a discussion paper will be released next month, and a final decision will be made in February. “The members have made it very clear they want to have input into this decision.”

The Cochrane Collaboration (http://www.cochrane.org/) produces systematic reviews of the evidence about healthcare interventions, but its supporters …
FLT-PET Is Superior to FDG-PET for Very Early Response Prediction in NPM-ALK-Positive Lymphoma Treated with Targeted Therapy
Authors: Zhoulei Li, Nicolas Graf, Ken Herrmann, Alexandra Jünger, Michaela Aichler, Annette Feuchtinger, Anja Baumgart, Axel Walch, Christian Peschel, Markus Schwaiger, Andreas Buck, Ulrich Keller, Tobias Dechow
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The prognosis of relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma is poor. The huge variety of currently evolving targeted treatment approaches would benefit from tools for early prediction of response or resistance. We used various ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines to evaluate two inhibitors, the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922, and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, both of which have shown to interfere with ALK-dependent oncogenic signal transduction. Their therapeutic effect was determined in vitro by MTT assay, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)- and [18F]fluorothymidine (FLT)-uptake, and by biochemical analysis of ALK-induced signaling. Micro-FDG- and FLT-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in immunodeficient mice bearing ALCL xenotransplants were carried out with the cell lines SUDHL-1 and Karpas299 to assess early treatment response to NVP-AUY922 or everolimus in vivo. SUDHL-1 cells showed sensitivity to both inhibitors in vitro. Importantly, we detected a significant reduction of FLT-uptake in SUDHL-1 bearing animals using both inhibitors compared with baseline as early as 5 days after initiation of targeted therapy. Immunostaining showed a decrease in Ki-67 and an increase in cleaved caspase-3 staining. In contrast, FDG-uptake did not significantly decrease at early time points. Karpas299 xenotransplants, which are resistant to NVP-AUY922 and sensitive to everolimus treatment, showed an increase of mean FLT-uptake on day 2 after administration of NVP-AUY299, but a significant reduction in FLT-uptake upon everolimus treatment. In conclusion, we show that FLT-PET but not FDG-PET is able to predict response to treatment with specific inhibitors very early in the course of treatment and thus enables early prediction of treatment efficacy. Cancer Res; 72(19); 5014–24. ©2012 AACR.
Autoimmune disease in families with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study
Authors: Sreeram Varadharajan Ramagopalan, David Alexandre Dyment, William Valdar, Blanca Marcela Herrera, Maria Criscuoli, Irene Mei Ling Yee, Adele Dessa Sadovnick, George Cornell Ebers
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2007)
Serial SPECT Imaging in Moyamoya Using 1-123 IMP
Authors: JOHN B. FEOLE, AMJAD ALI, ERNEST W. FORDHAM, MICHAEL HUCKMAN, DAVID M. SHENKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Serial cerebral perfusion studies were performed in a patient with moyamoya disease, utilizing N-isopropyl iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP). The SPECT findings correlated closely with those of a CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In fact, the perfusion defects seen on SPECT studies were larger than those seen on CT and MRI studies. The SPECT findings paralleled the patient's improving clinical course. Cerebral perfusion SPECT studies may be very helpful in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with moyamoya disease.
Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder via the Internet
Authors: Shaili Jain
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN INDUSTRIAL PSYCHIATRIC PROGRAM IN A GOVERNMENT SETTING
Authors: LUCY D. OZARIN, LUCILE M. HERRICK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. The literature of industrial psychiatry and the development of mental hygiene programs in Federal agencies in Washington are reviewed. 2. The organization and administration of the employee counseling program in the Veterans Administration Central Office are described. 3. It is the function of the industrial psychiatrist to aid the employee in his job adjustment and to advise personnel officers as to the aspects of preventive psychiatry.
Contribution of Bradykinin B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> Receptors in Allergen-induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: TUNG-JUNG HUANG, EL-BDAOUI HADDAD, ALYSON J. FOX, MICHAEL SALMON, CAROLINE JONES, GILLIAN BURGESS, KIAN FAN CHUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Bradykinin (BK) is a peptide mediator generated at sites of inflammation and its effects are mediated through constitutively expressed B2 receptor or through induction of B1 receptors. We examined the role of these receptors in bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Brown-Norway rats sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) and Al(OH)3 intraperitoneally, were exposed 3 wk later to either saline or OA aerosol. B1 receptor antagonist desArg10[Hoe140] (200 nmol/kg or 1 μ mol/kg, intraperitoneally) or B2 receptor antagonist Hoe140 (200 nmol/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered 30 min before allergen exposure. Hoe140 had no effect on OA-induced BHR to acetylcholine (ACh) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellular profiles, but inhibited bronchoconstriction to BK (p < 0.04). At both doses, desArg10[Hoe140] dose-dependently inhibited allergen-induced BHR to ACh (p < 0.01), but had no effect on bronchoconstriction to BK or baseline ACh responsiveness. The inflammatory cells in BALF were not affected apart from reduced lymphocyte numbers at the highest dose. B1 receptor mRNA expression measured by Northern analysis was increased after allergen exposure in sensitized lungs, with a peak at 2 to 6 h after exposure, whereas B2 receptor mRNA expression remained unchanged. Newly induced BK B1 receptors may be involved in allergen-induced BHR to ACh, whereas constitutive B2 receptors mediate BK-induced bronchoconstriction. Huang T-J, Haddad E-B, Fox AJ, Salmon M, Jones C, Burgess G, Chung KF. Contribution of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Prevention of ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by transcatheter infusion of oxygenated Fluosol DA 20%.
Authors: M Cleman, C C Jaffee, D Wohlgelernter
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Catheter balloon inflation performed during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) results in temporary interruption of coronary blood flow and subsequent myocardial ischemia. This produces transient but profound regional left ventricular dysfunction. In an effort to mitigate this inflation-related dysfunction, oxygenated Fluosol DA 20%, a perfluorochemical oxygen transport fluid, was infused distal to the balloon through the central lumen of the dilating catheter during balloon inflation. Regional wall motion during PTCA was assessed by simultaneous continuous two-dimensional echocardiography and was quantified by computer analysis. During control inflations accompanied by no intracoronary infusion or by transcatheter infusion of Ringer's lactate solution or nonoxygenated Fluosol DA 20%, there was profound regional left ventricular dysfunction with a greater than 90% decrease in regional contraction. In contrast, regional contraction during transcatheter infusion of oxygenated Fluosol DA 20% remained at normal levels throughout balloon inflation. Distal infusion of Fluosol DA 20% during balloon inflation is a useful adjunct to PTCA, allowing longer inflation times and perhaps permitting PTCA to be performed safely in patients with significant myocardium at ischemic risk or with limited left ventricular reserve for whom the procedure is currently believed to be too hazardous.
Increased prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis near superfund toxic waste sites
Authors: Aftab Ala, Carmen M. Stanca, Moueen Bu-Ghanim, Imad Ahmado, Andrea D. Branch, Thomas D. Schiano, Joseph A. Odin, Nancy Bach
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are uncommon liver diseases of unknown etiology. Reported clustering of PBC cases may be due to environmental factors. Individuals with PBC have a high prevalence of thyroid disease and thyroid disease is reportedly more prevalent near Superfund toxic waste sites (SFS). The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and potential clustering of individuals with PBC and PSC near SFS. De-identified clinical and demographic data were used to determine the observed prevalence for each New York City zip code (n = 174) and borough (n = 5) of patients with PBC (PBC-OLT) or PSC (PSC-OLT) who were listed for liver transplantation. The expected prevalence was calculated using Organ Procurement and Transfer Network (OPTN) and U.S. Census data. Both PBC-OLT patients and patients not listed for liver transplantation (PBC-MSSM) were included in the cluster analysis. Prevalence ratios of PBC-OLT and PSC-OLT cases were compared for each zip code and for each borough with regard to the proximity or density of SFS, respectively. SaTScan software was used to identify clusters of PBC-OLT cases and PBC-MSSM cases. Prevalence ratio of PBC-OLT, not PSC-OLT, was significantly higher in zip codes containing or adjacent to SFS (1.225 vs. 0.670, respectively, P = .025). The borough of Staten Island had the highest prevalence ratio of PBC-OLT cases and density of SFS. Significant clusters of both PBC-OLT and PBC-MSSM were identified surrounding SFS. In conclusion , toxin exposure may be a risk factor influencing the clustering of PBC cases. (Hepatology 2006;43:525–531.)
Rate of asthma trial outcomes reporting on ClinicalTrials.gov and in the published literature
Authors: Chris Stockmann, Joseph S. Ross, Catherine M.T. Sherwin, Christopher A. Reilly, Brittany McDowell, Bernhard Fassl, Flory Nkoy, Christopher G. Maloney, Michael G. Spigarelli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Coincidence of calcium pyrophosphate and monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid of patients with gout determined by the cytocentrifugation technique: Table 1
Authors: C Robier, M Neubauer, F Quehenberger, F Rainer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are pathognomonic for gout, whereas calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (CPPD) are the typical morphological substrate of chondrocalcinosis (CC).1 2 CC is frequently associated with osteoarthritis (OA) but does not appear to cause advanced cartilage damage.3 The clinical implication of CPPD crystal deposition in OA is still unknown.4 Furthermore, it has been shown that OA predisposes to the formation of MSU crystals at the osteoarthritic joint site.5 In a previous retrospective trial without the use of cytoconcentration techniques, a coincidence of MSU and CPPD crystals was found in 17/4620 examined synovial fluid (SF) specimens.6 Data on the simultaneous occurrence of both crystal types using cytocentrifuges, which can improve the sensitivity of crystal detection compared with commonly used methods, are lacking. …
Factors Associated With Lack of Viral Suppression at Delivery Among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy–Naive Women With HIV
Authors: Ingrid T. Katz, Erin Leister, Deborah Kacanek, Michael D. Hughes, Arlene Bardeguez, Elizabeth Livingston, Alice Stek, David E. Shapiro, Ruth Tuomala
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: A high delivery maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA level (viral load [VL]) is a risk factor for mother-to-child transmission and poor maternal health. Objective: To identify factors associated with detectable VL at delivery despite initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during pregnancy. Design: Multicenter observational study. (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00028145) Setting: 67 U.S. AIDS clinical research sites. Patients: Pregnant women with HIV who initiated HAART during pregnancy. Measurements: Descriptive summaries and associations among sociodemographic, HIV disease, and treatment characteristics; pregnancy-related risk factors; and detectable VL (>400 copies/mL) at delivery. Results: Between 2002 and 2011, 671 women met inclusion criteria and 13.1% had detectable VL at delivery. Factors associated with detectable VL included multiparity (16.4% vs. 8.0% nulliparity; P = 0.002), black ethnicity (17.6% vs. 6.6% Hispanic and 6.6% white; P < 0.001), 11th grade education or less (17.6% vs. 12.1% had a high school diploma; P = 0.013), initiation of HAART in the third trimester (23.9% vs. 12.3% and 8.6% in the second and trimesters, respectively; P = 0.003), having an HIV diagnosis before the current pregnancy (16.1% vs. 11.0% during the current pregnancy; P = 0.051), and having the first prenatal visit in the third trimester (33.3% vs. 14.3% and 10.5% in the second and third trimesters, respectively; P = 0.002). Women who had treatment interruptions or reported poor medication adherence were more likely to have detectable VL at delivery. Limitation: Data on many covariates were incomplete because women entered the study at varying times during pregnancy. Conclusion: A total of 13.1% of women who initiated HAART during pregnancy had detectable VL at delivery. The timing of HAART initiation and prenatal care, along with medication adherence during pregnancy, were associated with detectable VL at delivery. Social factors, including ethnicity and education, may help identify women who could benefit from focused efforts to promote early HAART initiation and adherence. Primary Funding Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diabetes, and Mortality
Authors: Cynthia L. Leibson, Jeanine E. Ransom, Wayne Olson, Bruce R. Zimmerman, W. Michael O’Fallon, Pasquale J. Palumbo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aims of this study were to provide estimates of 1) the risk of mortality for individuals with both diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) relative to that for individuals with either condition alone and 2) the association between PAD progression and mortality for individuals with diabetes, PAD, and both conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This longitudinal cohort study was conducted in Rochester, Minnesota. Local residents age 50–70 years with a prior diagnosis of PAD and/or diabetes were identified from the Mayo Clinic diagnostic registry and invited to a baseline examination (1977–1978). Those who met inclusion criteria were assessed for PAD progression at 2 and 4 years and followed for vital status through 31 December 1999. RESULTS—The numbers who met criteria for PAD, diabetes, and both conditions at baseline were 149, 238, and 186, respectively. Within each group, observed survival was less than expected (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The adjusted risk of death for both conditions was 2.2 times that for PAD alone. Among the 449 who returned at 4 years, the risk of subsequent death was greater for those whose PAD had progressed; among individuals with diabetes alone at baseline, 100% (17 of 17) who met criteria for PAD progression were dead by 31 December 1999 compared with 62% (111 of 178) of those who had not met criteria (adjusted relative hazard 2.29 [95% CI 1.30–4.02], P = 0.004). The increased mortality associated with PAD progression was significant only for individuals with diabetes (alone or with PAD). CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes is a risk factor for both PAD and PAD-associated mortality, emphasizing the critical need to detect and monitor PAD in diabetic patients.