tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Online Systems for Searching MEDLINE
Authors: SUSAN J. FEINGLOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1986Online Systems for Searching MEDLINESUSAN J. FEINGLOS, M.L.S.SUSAN J. FEINGLOS, M.L.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-280_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Clinicians who wish to do their own MEDLINE searching should be aware that they need to consider several aspects of the search process. Haynes and associates ( 1 ) have compared the results of six search topics run by professional online searchers on 14 access routes. Whereas the contents of the MEDLINE database are basically the same whatever system is used, years of coverage and file segmentation, costs, software capabilities, bibliographic variations, and other databases loaded can influence the choice of system (2). Some of these points need elaboration.The skill of a searcher is extremely important...References1. HAYNESMCKIBBONWALKER RKC. Computer searching of the medical literature: an evaluation of MEDLINE searching systems. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:812-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FEINGLOS S. MEDLINE at BRS, DIALOG, and NLM: is there a choice? Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1983;71:6-12. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. FEINGLOS S. MEDLINE: A Basic Guide to Searching. Chicago: Medical Library Association; 1985. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1986Volume 104, Issue 2Page: 280-280KeywordsDatabases Issue Published: 1 February 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
1039 FIRST TIME EVALUATION OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE (CACS) IN NON-CIRRHOTIC NAIVE HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTED PATIENTS: LEAN SUBJECTS ARE UNDER SIGNIFICANT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: S.S. Marini, P. Schvartzman, J. Bauer, C.A. Polanczyk, M.R. Alvares-da-Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
CpGs relieve arthritis
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Arthritis sufferers might get some therapeutic relief from bacterial nucleic acids that usually goad on inflammation, if results from Wu et al. (page 1911) are any indication. Some of these short CpG repeats (CpGs) are now shown to prevent arthritis progression in a mouse model.






Figure 1

The invasion (left) of neutrophils (red) into arthritic joints is prevented (right) by a CpG.




CpGs are well-known proinflammatory molecules that activate dendritic cells (DCs) via toll-like receptor (TLR)-9. The DCs then stimulate T cells and B cells. CpGs are therefore used in the clinic to enhance protection against infections and tumor development. But immune enhancement can be harmful if the response is directed against the host's own antigens. CpGs and other TLR ligands, for example, further disease progression in many mouse arthritis models.

In some mouse models of allergy and asthma, however, CpGs exert a protective role. In these mice, CpG-activated DCs somehow jumpstart the proliferation of protective T cell subsets and stop B cells from secreting allergy-causing antibodies. Wu et al. wondered whether CpGs had a similar therapeutic effect on arthritis.

The team tested several known CpGs in mice that had developed arthritis in response to injected serum antibodies. Two structurally similar CpGs halted disease progression. Unlike disease-promoting CpGs, these helpful CpGs stimulated DCs to activate natural killer (NK) cells instead of T and B cells. The NK cells then produced interferon (IFN)-γ. This normally proinflammatory cytokine blocked neutrophil trafficking into the diseased joints, thereby lessening inflammation.

The authors attribute this disease-dampening effect to the fact that the T/B cell-mediated initiation phase had passed by the time the CpGs were delivered. The NK-mediated therapeutic effects may translate to human arthritis treatments, as T and B cells have usually already done their dirty work by the time patients arrive in the clinic.
Scintigraphy of Sacroiliac Joints in Acute Anterior Uveitis
Authors: A. S. RUSSELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

HLA-B27 is a transplantation antigen found in a high proportion of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Recently, an association has been shown to exist between HLA-B27 and acute uveitis, even in the absence of ankylosing spondylitis. We have examined the HLA antigen profile of 45 patients with acute nongranulomatous anterior uveitis and have confirmed this relation. In addition, using 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate we have been able to demonstrate abnormal bone scan in 19 of 30 patients studied. Such abnormalities are limited to the sacroiliac joints but are otherwise the same as those seen in overt ankylosing spondylitis. Seven of the 19 patients did not have HLA-B27. These factors suggest that acute anterior uveitis may often represent a manifestation of a spondylitic diathesis even in the complete absence of any suggestive symptomatic or radiologic change and, in some cases, even though the antigenic marker HLA-B27 may be absent.
High Local Concentrations of Intradermal MSCs Restore Skin Integrity and Facilitate Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Tobias Kühl, Markus Mezger, Ingrid Hausser, Rupert Handgretinger, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, Alexander Nyström
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an incurable skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene, coding for the anchoring fibril protein collagen VII (C7). Life-long mechanosensitivity of skin and mucosal surfaces is associated with large body surface erosions, chronic wounds, and secondary fibrosis that severely impede functionality. Here, we present the first systematic long-term evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy for DEB. Intradermal administration of MSCs in a DEB mouse model resulted in production and deposition of C7 at the dermal-epidermal junction, the physiological site of function. The effect was dose-dependent with MSCs being up to 10-fold more potent than dermal fibroblasts. MSCs promoted regeneration of DEB wounds via normalization of dermal and epidermal healing and improved skin integrity through de novo formation of functional immature anchoring fibrils. Additional benefits were gained by MSCs' anti-inflammatory effects, which led to decreased immune cell infiltration into injured DEB skin. In our setting, the clinical benefit of MSC injections lasted for more than 3 months. We conclude that MSCs are viable options for localized DEB therapy. Importantly, however, the cell number needed to achieve therapeutic efficacy excludes the use of systemic administration.
Rationing is not inevitable
Authors: W. Podmore
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--In the debate about rationing, rationing is often assumed to be inevitable.1 But is it? As Rawles has pointed out: “The ethical problem of how to apportion limited resources amongst the needy has been forced on us by arbitrary limitation of health care expenditure. Its solution would not be required if health expenditure were higher.” …
Unique hypervascular nodules in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: identical to focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodules?
Authors: Osamu Nakashima, Mina Kurogi, Rin Yamaguchi, Hisamitsu Miyaaki, Masaru Fujimoto, Hirohisa Yano, Tsutomu Kumabe, Naohumi Hayabuchi, Junjiro Hisatomi, Michio Sata, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Giant Osteoclast Formation and Long-Term Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy
Authors: Robert S. Weinstein, Paula K. Roberson, Stavros C. Manolagas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Bisphosphonates decrease bone resorption and are commonly used to treat or prevent osteoporosis. However, the effect of bisphosphonates on their target cells remains enigmatic, since in patients benefiting from therapy, little change, if any, has been observed in the number of osteoclasts, which are the cells responsible for bone resorption.We examined 51 bone-biopsy specimens obtained after a 3-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of oral alendronate to prevent bone resorption among healthy postmenopausal women 40 through 59 years of age. The patients were assigned to one of five groups: those receiving placebo for 3 years; alendronate at a dose of 1, 5, or 10 mg per day for 3 years; or alendronate at a dose of 20 mg per day for 2 years, followed by placebo for 1 year. Formalin-fixed, undecalcified planar sections were assessed by bone histomorphometric methods.The number of osteoclasts was increased by a factor of 2.6 in patients receiving 10 mg of alendronate per day for 3 years as compared with the placebo group (P<0.01). Moreover, the number of osteoclasts increased as the cumulative dose of the drug increased (r=0.50, P<0.001). Twenty-seven percent of these osteoclasts were giant cells with pyknotic nuclei that were adjacent to superficial resorption cavities. Furthermore, giant, hypernucleated, detached osteoclasts with 20 to 40 nuclei were found after alendronate treatment had been discontinued for 1 year. Of these large cells, 20 to 37% were apoptotic, according to both their morphologic features and positive findings from in situ end labeling.Long-term alendronate treatment is associated with an increase in the number of osteoclasts, which include distinctive giant, hypernucleated, detached osteoclasts that are undergoing protracted apoptosis.
THE STUDENT NURSE AND TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: J. ARTHUR MYERS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Tuberculosis among nurses has long been a serious problem, although it has not been generally recognized in this country. As the morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis in the general population have decreased, the incidence of disease among nurses has become more conspicuous and the magnitude of the problem more obvious. The problem is of universal interest among physicians, since some of them send their daughters to schools of nursing, many of them teach in such schools, and nearly all of them recommend nurses to their private patients.  A small group of physicians from various parts of the world has brought to light the fact that in some hospitals outrageously high percentages of students of nursing became contaminated with tubercle bacilli. It is almost unbelievable that, with so much available knowledge of technics which are effective in preventing the spread of disease, a hundred per cent of the girls who entered
Sex-specific association of epidermal growth factor gene polymorphisms with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: C. C. Sheu, R. Zhai, L. Su, P. Tejera, M. N. Gong, B. T. Thompson, F. Chen, D. C. Christiani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is involved in alveolar epithelial repair, lung fluid clearance and inflammation, and is regulated by sex hormones. An unmatched, nested case–control study was conducted to evaluate the associations of EGF variants with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the role of sex on the associations between EGF variants and ARDS. Patients with ARDS risk factors upon intensive care unit admission were enrolled. Cases were 416 Caucasians who developed ARDS and controls were 1,052 Caucasians who did not develop ARDS. Cases were followed for clinical outcomes and 60-day mortality. One functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4444903, and six haplotype-tagging SNPs spanning the entire EGF gene were genotyped. No individual SNP or haplotype was associated with ARDS risk or outcomes in all subjects. Sex-stratified analyses showed opposite effects of EGF variants on ARDS in males versus in females. SNPs rs4444903, rs2298991, rs7692976 and rs4698803, and haplotypes GGCGTC and ATCAAG were associated with ARDS risk in males. No associations were observed in females. Interaction analysis showed that rs4444903, rs2298991, rs7692976 and rs6533485 significantly interacted with sex for ARDS risk. The present study suggests that associations of epidermal growth factor gene variants with acute respiratory distress syndrome risk are modified by sex. The current findings should be replicated in other populations.
Histochemical and morphological studies on mammalian epidermal peridermal granules
Authors: JEAN C. CHANG, BEVERLY A. DALE, BARBARA E. BROWN, P.M. ELIAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

We performed morphological studies on the epidermal peridermal granules (PG) of newborn mice using histological, fluorescent and electron microscopic methods. PG appeared during the 17th to 18th day of foetal life, and remained in the outermost epidermal layers until 5 days after birth. PG were evenly distributed over the entire cutaneous surface of the mouse, except the tail. PG were found to contain protein and corresponded to sites of transglutaminase activity, but they were devoid of lipids and nucleic acids. They could be differentiated clearly from keratohyalin granules. Together, these studies suggest that PG represent a unique epidermal protein product that serves as a marker of late foetal development.
Scarlet Fever in a Public School
Authors: J. K. Bostock
Journal: BMJ (1940)

canal " is a misnomer: the old canal is completely obliterated, and instead a new exit is provided which is almost straight through the abdominal wall, composed of three layers of white fascia, each fitting closely against the walls of the emerging cord.In some patients it may not be possible, especially in direct hernia, to find anything but a remnant of the transversalis fascia, and in these cases one should mobilize and turn down a flap from the anterior rectus sheath and suture it into Poupart's ligament instead of the transversalis fascia.In small hernias it is unnecessary to get an overlap of the external abdominal aponeurosis; it is sufficient in these cases to suture a good " bite " of the lower and upper leaves together by interrupted sutures.Gentleness and the avoidance of all unnecessary trauma are strongly recommended, while the use of a gauze wire as a dissecting agent on the cord is deprecated.As regards suture material I personally favour chromic catgut.The use of wire in any form is not merely unnecessary but may cause serious trouble.First, it is apt to tear the tissues or cut into them, and, secondly, it acts as a permanent foreign body that may promote sepsis.Kangaroo tendon has the former disadvantage, while silk sutures appear to have the second.I am not aware of any real evidence that catgut is not the best material available.Causes of Failure As to the cause of so many failures in the treatment of inguinal hernia by operation, I submit that they are mainly due to the following: (1) the performance of the Bassini operation; (2) insufficient and improper suturing at the internal abdominal ring; (3) tearing the edges of Poupart's ligament by means of thick hard catgut or tight ligatures ; (4) omitting to warn the patient against any strain or hard work for three months after operation ; (5) failure of appreciation on the part of many surgeons of the fact that the operation requires proper planning and careful execution in every detail.It is not to be regarded as an operation "anyone can do with his eyes almost closed," unless he is to "view" his results with 'his eyes completely closed. Summary-A series of eighty-four cases of inguinal hernia treated by a simple operation, with 100 per cent.success, is published.No distinction has been made between direct and indirect hernia, as in a few cases notes were incomplete.No patient admitted under my care during a ten-year period with inguinal hernia was denied operation.Several patients were admitted to hospital for treatment for other conditions and were found to be suffering from hernia, for which all agreed to have an operation.The number of patients fitted with a truss by dispensary doctors in recent years appears to be nil.In hospital practice this meant that many of the patients in my list had small hernias, and an overlap of the external oblique aponeurosis was not feasible or practicable at operation.
Ambulatory Extra-Aortic Counterpulsation in Patients With Moderate to Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: William T. Abraham, Sanjeev Aggarwal, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Renzo Cecere, Salpy V. Pamboukian, Alan J. Bank, Benjamin Sun, Walter E. Pae, Christopher S. Hayward, Patrick M. McCarthy, William S. Peters, Patrick Verta, Mark S. Slaughter
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The study sought to assess feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of a novel implantable extra-aortic counterpulsation system (C-Pulse) in functional class III and ambulatory functional class IV heart failure (HF) patients. 30% to 40% of HF patients suffer from poor functional status and quality of life (QoL) but are not in need of end-stage treatments. We undertook a multicenter single-arm study to assess the C-Pulse System in such patients. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or ambulatory functional class IV HF patients were eligible. Safety was assessed continuously through 12 months. Efficacy measurements included changes from baseline to 6 and 12 months in NYHA functional class, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) scores, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and exercise peak oxygen consumption (pVO2; 6 months only). Twelve men and 8 women (56.7 ± 7 years, 34 to 71 years of age) with ischemic (n = 7) or nonischemic (n = 13) cardiomyopathy were implanted. There was no 30-day mortality and no neurological events or myocardial infarctions through 12 months. At 6 months, there were 3 deaths (1 device-related). One-year survival was 85%. At 6 months, C-Pulse produced improvements in NYHA functional class (3.1 ± 0.3 to 1.9 ± 0.7, p = 0.0005), MLWHF (63.6 ± 19.9 to 40.2 ± 23.2, p = 0.0005), and KCCQ scores (43.6 ± 21.1 to 65.6 ± 21.5, p = 0.0002), but not 6MWD (275.5 ± 64.0 to 296.4 ± 104.9, p = NS) or pVO2 (14.5 ± 3.6 to 13.1 ± 4.4, p = NS). Improvements continued at 12 months, with 6MWD change becoming statistically significant (336.5 ± 91.8, p = 0.0425). Use of C-Pulse in this population is feasible, appears safe, and improves functional status and QoL. A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial is underway. (C-Pulse IDE Feasability Study-A Heart Assist System; NCT00815880)
Defensive Biological Warfare Researchers Prepare to Counteract 'Natural' Enemies in Battle, at Home
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

"BIOLOGICAL warfare—that pushes a lot of hot buttons in people emotionally," Michael R. Groves, DVM, PhD, an expert on the subject, said at the recent meeting in Chicago, Ill, of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). The session was planned while Operation Desert Storm focused attention on the possibility that various forms of unconventional weapons might be used in the Persian Gulf (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:705). Groves says that "nowhere [are the 'buttons pushed'] more so than in a group of microbiologists and infectious disease people who have spent their lives trying to do away with disease, and here we have somebody wanting to start disease using microorganisms." He and others then described what the loaded phrase means in the United States today. Groves, who heads the Epidemiology Department at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, is retired (with the rank of colonel) from the position of "research area
Asking About Domestic Violence: SAFE Questions-Reply
Authors: Martha B. Witwer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Ashur's use of the acronym SAFE as a means for guiding physician questions about the possibility of domestic violence is both helpful and appropriate. Many of these questions are very much like those we included in the American Medical Association's<i>Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence</i>, and we like her additional questions about feelings of safety within the relationship, friends' or family members' knowledge of the abuse, and the emergency plan. Readers may be interested in knowing that there is an excellent community model designed to enhance physicians' response to domestic violence, called Project S.A.F.E. (Safety Assessment for Everyone), which is a collaborative effort of the Domestic Violence Training Project, the Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and the Hartford County Medical Society. According to that program, the word<i>safety</i>is a key word because it summarizes the basic therapeutic issue and forms the basis for
Evaluation of the global association between cholesterol-associated polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease suggests a role for rs3846662 and HMGCR splicing in disease risk
Authors: Christopher R Simmons, Fanggeng Zou, Steven G Younkin, Steven Estus
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s that are essentially unequivocally associated with peripheral cholesterol. Since the alleles of the APOE gene, which modulate peripheral cholesterol metabolism, and midlife plasma cholesterol are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, we have evaluated the hypothesis that SNPs associated with plasma cholesterol are also associated with AD.Seventeen non-APOE SNPs reproducibly associated with cholesterol per GWAS were tested for association with AD in ~2,000 AD and ~4,000 non-AD subjects. As a group, these SNPs are associated with AD. Two SNPs in particular, rs3846662 and rs1532085, are associated with AD risk and age-of-onset. Additionally, rs3846662 was associated with HMGCR exon 13 splicing in human liver but not brain, possibly obscured by CNS cell-type heterogeneity. However, rs3846662 was associated with HMGCR exon 13 splicing in liver- and brain-derived cell lines.Cholesterol-associated SNPs outside of APOE confer a global risk for AD. Rs3846662 and rs1532085 are associated with both AD risk and age-of-onset. Rs3846662 is associated with HMGCR exon 13 inclusion. Since rs3846662 affects AD risk and age-of-onset as well as statin responsiveness, this SNP may confound clinical trials evaluating the protective effects of statins on AD.
Role of chloride and intracellular pH on the activity of the rat hepatocyte organic anion transporter.
Authors: A D Min, K L Johansen, C G Campbell, A W Wolkoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Previous studies in cultured rat hepatocytes revealed that initial uptake of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was markedly reduced upon removal of Cl- from the medium. In the present study, unidirectional Cl- gradients were established in short-term cultured rat hepatocytes and their effect on BSP uptake was determined. These investigations revealed that BSP uptake requires external Cl- and is not stimulated by unidirectional Cl- gradients, suggesting that BSP transport is not coupled to Cl- transport. In contrast, BSP transport is stimulated by an inside-to-outside OH- gradient, consistent with OH- exchange or H+ cotransport. As the presence of Cl- is essential for but not directly coupled to BSP transport, binding of 35S-BSP to hepatocytes was determined at 4 degrees C. This revealed an approximately 10-fold higher affinity of cells for BSP in the presence as compared to the absence of Cl- (Ka = 3.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.09 microM-1; P less than 0.02). Affinity of BSP for albumin was Cl(-)-independent, and was approximately 10% of its affinity for cells in the presence of Cl-. These results indicate that extracellular Cl- modulates the affinity of BSP for its hepatocyte transporter.