tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Screening
Authors: Barnett S. Kramer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 June 1994Prostate Cancer ScreeningBarnett S. Kramer, MD, MPHBarnett S. Kramer, MD, MPHNational Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Godley raises three crucial issues. As he points out, Dr. Walsh's estimates [1] on the prevalence among men of urinary symptoms requiring a diagnostic work-up for prostate cancer are high. In fact, the preliminary estimate from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey for the proportion of U.S. men 50 years of age and older who had a digital rectal examination within the previous year for a “health problem” was 8.6% (Cancer Control Supplement, National Cancer Institute, unpublished data). For the remaining 90% or more of men, digital rectal examination or PSA testing would have to be considered ...References1. Walsh PC. Using prostate-specific antigen to diagnose prostate cancer: sailing in uncharted waters (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:948-9. Google Scholar2. Sporn MB. Chemoprevention of cancer. Lancet. 1993; 342:1211-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPROSTATE CANCER SCREENING 15 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 12Page: 1052-1053KeywordsBiologicsCancer screeningCancer treatmentClinical trialsDigital rectal examinationHealth surveysMortalityProstate cancerRandomized trialsSpecificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Midlife type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control as risk factors for cognitive decline in early old age: a post-hoc analysis of the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Richard H Tuligenga, Aline Dugravot, Adam G Tabák, Alexis Elbaz, Eric J Brunner, Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2013)

BackgroundType 2 diabetes increases the risk for dementia, but whether it affects cognition before old age is unclear. We investigated whether duration of diabetes in late midlife and poor glycaemic control were associated with accelerated cognitive decline.Methods5653 participants from the Whitehall II cohort study (median age 54·4 years [IQR 50·3–60·3] at first cognitive assessment), were classified into four groups: normoglycaemia, prediabetes, newly diagnosed diabetes, and known diabetes. Tests of memory, reasoning, phonemic and semantic fluency, and a global score that combined all cognitive tests, were assessed three times over 10 years (1997–99, 2002–04, and 2007–09). Mean HbA1c was used to assess glycaemic control during follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, and chronic diseases.FindingsCompared with normoglycaemic participants, those with known diabetes had a 45% faster decline in memory (10 year difference in decline −0·13 SD, 95% CI −0·26 to −0·00; p=0·046), a 29% faster decline in reasoning (−0·10 SD, −0·19 to −0·01; p=0·026), and a 24% faster decline in the global cognitive score (−0·11 SD, −0·21 to −0·02; p=0·014). Participants with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes had similar rates of decline to those with normoglycaemia. Poorer glycaemic control in participants with known diabetes was associated with a significantly faster decline in memory (−0·12 [–0·22 to −0·01]; p=0·034) and a decline in reasoning that approached significance (−0·07 [–0·15 to 0·00]; p=0·052).InterpretationThe risk of accelerated cognitive decline in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes is dependent on both disease duration and glycaemic control.FundingUS National Institutes of Health, UK Medical Research Council.
Survival Following Bacteremia With Resistant Organisms-Reply
Authors: Leonard Leibovici
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The resistance of pathogens to antibiotic drugs in our hospital is high. In the group of patients described in our article, 35.4% of<i>S aureus</i>were resistant to methicillin; 30.3% of<i>Enterococcus</i>species were resistant to ampicillin; and 40.9%, 19.9%, and 24.9% of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>were resistant to gentamicin sulfate, ceftazidime, and piperacillin sodium, respectively. We must not confuse two possible definitions of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. One is a normative definition: Was the treatment in accordance with best practiced hospital protocols? The other definition, used in our article, is a factual one: Was the pathogen sensitive to the antibiotics given? The hypothesis implied in Dr Shumate's letter is that resistant bacteria are more virulent than sensitive ones. To the best of my knowledge, there are no data to support such a hypothesis. In our patients, the mortality of patients with multiresistant pathogens was no greater than in
Downregulation of Smad Transcriptional Corepressors SnoN and Ski in the Fibrotic Kidney
Authors: Junwei Yang, Xianghong Zhang, Yingjian Li, Youhua Liu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. TGF-β1 is a profibrotic cytokine that plays a central role in the onset and progression of chronic renal diseases. The activity of TGF-β1 is tightly controlled by multiple mechanisms, in which antagonizing Smad-mediated gene transcription by co-repressors is an important regulatory component. This study examined the expression of Smad transcriptional co-repressors in the fibrotic kidney and investigated their potential functions in controlling TGF-β1 response. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein levels of Smad transcriptional co-repressors SnoN and Ski were progressively reduced in a time-dependent manner in the fibrotic kidney induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice, whereas renal Smad abundance was relatively unaltered. Consistently, SnoN and Ski staining was diminished in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelium and interstitium after obstructive injury. <i>In vitro</i>, knockdown of SnoN expression by RNA interference in tubular epithelial cells dramatically sensitized their responsiveness to TGF-β1 stimulation. Conversely, ectopic expression of exogenous SnoN or Ski after transfection conferred tubular epithelial cell resistance to TGF-β1–induced epithelial to myofibroblast transition. Both SnoN and Ski could block Smad-mediated activation of TGF-β1–responsive promoter and exhibited additive effect in abrogating the profibrotic actions of TGF-β1. These results indicate that as a result of loss of Smad transcriptional co-repressors, the profibrotic TGF-β1 signaling in diseased kidney is markedly amplified in a magnitude much greater than previously thought. Therefore, new strategy aimed to increase Smad transcriptional co-repressors expression may be effective in antagonizing TGF-β1 signaling and thereby blocking the progression of chronic renal fibrosis.
AIDS-associated Illness and HIV Negativity
Authors: Ramon A. Torres, Michael R. Barr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 December 1992AIDS-associated Illness and HIV NegativityRamon A. Torres, MD, Michael R. Barr, BSRamon A. Torres, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Michael R. Barr, BSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-973_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In light of recent cases of idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia (1), we report a case of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated illness in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative man with disseminated measles infection.In April 1991, a 25-year-old homosexual man presented with 1-week history of a morbilliform skin eruption accompanied by fever, nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and lethargy. The patient had emigrated from Venezuela and had never received measles immunization. Five months before the onset of illness, he had tested negative for HIV-1 antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).Physical examination was remarkable for a temperature of 40 °C, oral...References1. . Unexplained CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in persons without evident HIV infection—United States. MMWR. 1992;41:541-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Burnet F. Measles as an index of immunological frequency. Lancet. 1968;2:610-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. McChesneyOldstone MM. Virus-induced immunosuppression: infections with measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Adv Immunol. 335-80. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. ter MeulenCarter VM. Measles Virus Persistency and Disease. Prog Med Virol. 1984;30:44-61. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. McChesneyFujinamiLercheMarxOldstone MRNPM. Virus-induced immunosuppression: infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis during natural measles virus infection of rhesus monkeys. J Infect Dis. 1989;159:757-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center 153 West 11th Street New York, NY 10011 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1992Volume 117, Issue 11Page: 973-973KeywordsAIDSAntibodiesDyspneaEnzyme immunoassayFeversHIVHIV-1HomosexualsMeaslesTemperature Issue Published: 1 December 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Theory and Practice of Auscultation
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To keep up with contemporary advances in ultra-specialization and technology, medical publishers have produced a new literary phenomenon, which can be called an "instant textbook." The necessary ingredients are an assemblage of authorities lecturing at a three-day symposium, a method for rapid transcription of the lectures, and the collational talents of a master of ceremonies—called "editor"—who prods contributors and sends manuscripts to a willing (and often subsidized) publisher. The product that emerges is frequently reminiscent of the elaborate souvenir booklets sold at theaters or major public events: the booklet is too expensive for a mere souvenir, too incomplete to replace actual attendance at the event itself, and too inadequately written to be satisfactory alone as literature. The three-day symposium whose contents are published here does not exemplify all these properties but contains most of them. It was arranged, according to its editor, to help provide a "rebirth of the dignity
An influential doctor: Stony dullness
Authors: I. D Conacher
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We were very new clinical students, and our education on the wards was very public. Those patients well enough to have finished reading the morning papers were ready for the next entertainment, and the indoctrination of medical students was billed to be as good a spectator sport as any. The consultant led us to the bed of a patient recovering from a chest …
'Cat': Methcathinone—A New Drug of Abuse
Authors: Michael S. Goldstone
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Methcathinone or "cat" is a new psychostimulant of abuse in Michigan and northeast Wisconsin. Already a few clandestine laboratories synthesizing this compound have been found in these states. It is likely that many more laboratories will spring up nationwide as word spreads regarding the relative ease of synthesizing methcathinone from readily available materials and the drug's high potency and self-reinforcing effects.<sup>1</sup> Methcathinone reportedly has been responsible for numerous drug overdose deaths within the former Soviet Union but had been previously unknown in the United States.<sup>2</sup>Early in 1992, the Drug Enforcement Administration placed methcathinone into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act.<sup>3</sup>By fall of 1992, the first reports in the lay press described the potency and addictive potential of methcathinone as dwarfing cocaine.<sup>1</sup> According to addicts, methcathinone is more potent and addictive than other psychostimulants. Addicts describe long-lived intoxicating effects of up
Renovascular Hypertension Treated by Thrombendarterectomy
Authors: Guy W. Leadbetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

POUTASSE1 has demonstrated that hypertension caused by unilateral or bilateral renovascular disease may be successfully treated by reparative surgery in selected cases. To select the proper patients a careful preoperative evaluation, including a determination of the twenty-four-hour urinary catechol amines, intravenous urography, differential renal-function tests and renal angiography, is necessary. The following case illustrates the result obtained from thorough preoperative evaluation and renovascular surgery.Case ReportC.P. (M.G.H. 804681), a 63-year-old man, was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital in November, 1958, with severe epistaxis and a blood pressure of 240/150. Before May, 1955, the blood pressure had been normal, . . .
Focal Encephalomyelitis in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: MARY AMBLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The clinical and pathological data for a patient presenting with focal signs of an expanding lesion in the occipital lobe that developed during convalescence from infectious mononucleosis are reported. Biopsy material showed an inflammatory demyelinating lesion consistent with allergic or postinfectious encephalomyelitis. The various neurological syndromes complicating infectious mononucleosis are probably caused by both infectious and immunologically determined mechanisms.
Influenza-like Infection Can Result in Diffuse Fluordeoxyglucose Uptake in the Lungs
Authors: Belén Intriago, Mónica Danùs, Nahum Calvo, Juan Escobar, Manuel Montero, Sebastián Kohan, Elena Rebenaque, Lidón Millá
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 32-year-old man underwent an F-18 fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scan for response assessment of mediastinal bulky non-Hodgkin lymphoma after completion of a CHOP therapy regimen. The F-18 FDG-PET/CT scan showed complete response regarding the mediastinal lesion. However, an unexpected pattern of prominent lung and abdominal muscular uptake was detected. The patient's clinical history was reassessed for differential diagnosis purposes. The medical records confirmed an episode of self-resolved influenza-like infection 4 days before the PET scan.This case underlines the importance of careful history taking before interpretation of PET scans. Viral infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse F-18 FDG uptake.
CONSTITUENTS OF ELEMENTARY BODIES OF VACCINIA
Authors: Charles L. Hoagland, Joseph E. Smadel, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The results of chemical analyses reveal that it is possible to secure preparations of elementary bodies of vaccinia that possess a considerable uniformity in their chemical constituents. Furthermore, the amounts of certain of these constituents, namely, nitrogen, alpha-amino nitrogen after hydrolysis, phosphorus, total fat, phospholipid, neutral fat, reducing sugar after hydrolysis, and cystine, in the purified virus are significantly different from those in the various materials discarded during the process of purification. The amounts of phospholipid and neutral fat in the virus preparations are not appreciably affected by extraction with ethyl ether or by digestion with lipase, procedures which do not inactivate the virus. Cholesterol, on the contrary, is apparently completely removed by these manipulations, and hence is not considered to play an important part in the economy of the virus.
"Recovery Only" ST-Segment Depression and the Predictive Accuracy of the Exercise Test
Authors: Bruce Lachterman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To clarify the predictive value of exercise-induced ST-segment depression occurring in recovery only, and to determine whether the addition of recovery data improves the interpretation of the exercise test. Design: Retrospective analysis of data collected during exercise testing and coronary angiography. Setting: A 1000-bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Participants: The study included 328 male patients who had had both a sign- or symptom-limited treadmill test and coronary angiography. Measurements and Main Results: Of the 168 patients who had abnormal ST-segment responses, 26 had such responses only during recovery. The positive predictive value of this pattern for significant angiographic disease (84%) was not statistically different from the predictive value of ST depression occurring during exercise (87%). Inclusion of ST depression during recovery significantly increased the sensitivity of the exercise test from 50% to 59% (P = 0.01) without a change in predictive value. In addition, ST-segment depression occurring only during exercise is usually associated with less-severe angiographic coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The occurrence of ST-segment depression during the recovery period only, does not generally represent a "false-positive" response. The inclusion of findings from this period increases the diagnostic yield of the exercise test. Previously proposed exercise test scores, as well as exercise electrocardiography (ECG) analysis done in conjunction with scintigraphy, have a falsely lowered sensitivity that could be increased by considering ST-segment changes occurring in recovery.
Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy or BCG for Colon Cancer: Results From NSABP Protocol C-011
Authors: N. Wolmark, B. Fisher, H. Rockette, C. Redmond, D. L. Wickerham, E. R. Fisher, J. Jones, A. Glass, H. Lerner, W. Lawrence, D. Prager, M. Wexler, J. Evans, A. Cruz, N. Dimitrov, P. Jochimsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Data are presented from 1,166 patients with Dukes B and C carcinoma of the colon who were entered into the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol C-01 between November 1977 and February 1983. Patients were randomized to one of three therapeutic categories: 1) no further treatment following curative resection (394 patients); 2) postoperative chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, semustine, and vincristine (379 patients); or 3) postoperative BCG (393 patients). The average time on study was 77.3 months. A comparison between patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and those treated with surgery alone indicated that there was an overall improvement in disease-free survival (P=.02) and survival (P=.05) in favor of the chemotherapy-treated group. At 5 years of follow-up, patients treated with surgery alone were at 1.29 times the risk of developing a treatment failure and at 1.31 times the likelihood of dying as were similar patients treated with combination adjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of the BCG-treated group with the group treated with surgery alone indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P=.09). There was, however, a survival advantage in favor of the BCG-treated group (P=.03). At 5 years of follow-up, patients randomized to the surgery-alone arm were at 1.28 times the risk of dying as were similar patients treated with BCG. Further investigation disclosed that this survival advantage in favor of BCG was a result of a diminution in deaths that were non-cancer related. When analyses were conducted on which events not related to cancer recurrence were eliminated, the survival difference between the BCG and control groups became nonsignificant (P=.40); the cumulative odds at 5 years decreased from 1.28 to 1.10. The findings from this study are the first from a randomized prospective clinical trial to demonstrate that a significant disease-free survival and survival benefit can be achieved with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Dukes B and C carcinoma of the colon who have undergone curative resection. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:30–36]
Human Insulin-Induced Lipoatrophy: Successful treatment using a jet-injection device
Authors: S Logwin, I Conget, M Jansa, M Vidal, C Nicolau, R Gomis
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To evaluate the efficacy of the administration of insulin by a jet-injector device in stopping and reversing severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.We report a case of a woman with severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy who has been treated exclusively with recombinant DNA human insulin since the onset of IDDM.The loss of subcutaneous tissue in the injection areas was demonstrated and measured by high-frequency ultrasound. Dermatologic exam demonstrated a severe reduction of fat tissue. After 8 months of administration of human insulin by a jet injector, there were no more new lesions of lipoatrophy and those affected areas were substantially ameliorated.Jet-injection devices might constitute a helpful method to treat those patients affected by severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.
Auditory Ototoxicity in Tuberculosis Patients Treated with Dihydrostreptomycin
Authors: Walter E. Heck
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In a series of 1,150 patients with tuberculosis treated with dihydrostreptomycin the incidence of auditory ototoxicity was 1%. A significant hearing loss developed in 12 of the 1,150 patients. Of these 12 patients, two received less than 60 gm of dihydrostreptomycin, six received 60 to 100 gm, and the other four received more than 100 gm. Because hearing loss is a serious handicap, dihydrostreptomycin must be used with great caution, if at all. Although not demonstrated in this series, hearing loss may occur with very small doses of the drug.
The Excitable System in the Cell Surface
Authors: JULIAN M. TOBIAS, DANIEL P. AGIN, RAYMOND PAWLOWSKI
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A membrane model, composed of phospholipid and cholesterol, is described. The electrical resistance and hydration of this model can be controlled by manipulation of ambient ions and by current in ways strongly reminiscent of the behavior of living cells. The behavior of the model may resemble that of the membrane component of the cell. In addition, an interdependent, lipid-protein molecular structure may exist at the cell surface.
Derivation of human T lymphocytes from cord blood and peripheral blood with antiviral and antileukemic specificity from a single culture as protection against infection and relapse after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kenneth P. Micklethwaite, Barbara Savoldo, Patrick J. Hanley, Ann M. Leen, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Hao Liu, Adrian P. Gee, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Cliona M. Rooney, Helen E. Heslop, Malcolm K. Brenner, Catherine M. Bollard, Gianpietro Dotti
Journal: Blood (2010)