tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Richard B. Devereux
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Numerous studies have established a close link between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) detected by electrocardiogram (ECG) and, more recently, echocardiogram and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In fact, increased echocardiographic LV mass has been shown to predict complications in both members of the general population<sup>1</sup>and patients with hypertension<sup>2</sup>more strongly than any other risk factor except advancing age. These findings have led to widespread acceptance of the idea that established LVH should be reversed by treatment. The effects on LVH of antihypertensive treatments alone have been studied in nearly 500 human trials and an even larger number of experimental ones. See also p 1507. <h3>What Have We Learned So Far?</h3> The clear conclusion from this line of research is that LV mass decreases if blood pressure is substantially reduced by most classes of antihypertensive medications, with the possible exception of directly acting vasodilators.<sup>3,4</sup>Intensive
TCTAP A-013 Prognostic Impact of Bundle Branch Block in Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Doo Sun Sim, Myung Ho Jeong, Youngkeun Ahn, Young Jo Kim, Shung Chull Chae, Taek Jong Hong, In Whan Seong, Jei Keon Chae, Chong Jin Kim, Myeong Chan Cho, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang Ho Bae, Ki Bae Seung, Seung Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reduced stem cell mobilization in mice receiving antibiotic modulation of the intestinal flora: involvement of endotoxins as cofactors in mobilization
Authors: Gerjo A. Velders, Ronald van Os, Henny Hagoort, Perry Verzaal, Henri F. L. Guiot, Ivan J. D. Lindley, Roel Willemze, Ghislain Opdenakker, Willem E. Fibbe
Journal: Blood (2003)
Prescribing methylphenidate for moderate ADHD
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Has NICE guidance unwittingly exposed a new challenge for assessing this condition? 

Why has the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued a reminder that first line treatment for moderate attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects about 8% of school aged children and young people in the United Kingdom,1 should not include methylphenidate?2 This recent bulletin follows the annual report by the Care Quality Commission, which showed that methylphenidate prescriptions for ADHD in primary care in England rose by 56% between 2007 and 2013.3

The 2006 NICE technology appraisal guidance for the use of methylphenidate in ADHD in children stated that “it is not anticipated that this guidance will result in a major increase over current trends in the rate of prescribing for ADHD.”4 Although the Care Quality Commission report didn’t clarify what proportion of methylphenidate prescriptions are for moderate ADHD, NICE’s bulletin suggests that the institute is worried that it has underestimated prescription trends and that clinicians may not be heeding its guidance. What could be causing this increase in methylphenidate use?

The commission’s report explains that between 2011 and 2012 the prescription of methylphenidate in primary care continued to rise steadily, …
PECULIARITIES OF COLOMBIAN LEPROSY.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Leprosy in Colombia dates from very remote times, though no light is thrown over its origin. According to Father Velasco, in the middle of the last century a lazaretto was founded in Cali. I find in an article of the<i>Anales de la Academia Nacional de Medicina</i>, Bogota, 1894, under the signature of Dr. Alfredo Garcés, several points which represent Colombian leprosy in a rather peculiar manner. 1. According to the information obtained from patients, and the opinion of the Doctor himself, the disease originates mostly, if not always, in a cold; exposure to rain, sudden cooling after strong perspiration, sojourn in damp rooms, especially during confinement, bathing in a brook being heated, passing from a warm climate to colder altitudes, etc. These accidents are all followed by the wheals of urticaria. From the urticaria, leprosy is developed. Most of the patients attribute their malady to a cold. Some say
Book: The General Practice Jigsaw: The Future of Education, Training and Professional Development
Authors: D. Macauley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Steve Field, Bob Strachan, Gai Evans Radcliffe Medical Press, £29.95, pp 332 ISBN 1 85775 545 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Jigsaws usually fit together. This one has too many small pieces, and only gives part of the picture. It describes the “happy clappy” side of general practice, of cosy groups in woolly cardigans, where education has all the answers. It is the book of the Conference of Postgraduate Advisers in General Practice—not a boring close-print … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Pregnancy and Delivery in Two Women With Ovarian Failure Following Nonsurgical Transfer of In Vivo Fertilized Uterine Ova
Authors: Leonardo Formigli
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to report a first birth and a viable ongoing pregnancy in each of two women who had no ovarian function. The pregnancies followed nonsurgical recovery of in vivo fertilized uterine ova obtained from fertile donors and transfer of these concepti to the uteri of the two women. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> A healthy 2300-g male infant was delivered by cesarean section at 33 weeks' gestation because of suspected intrauterine growth retardation to a 27-year-old woman, gravida 0, who had a history of amenorrhea following oophorectomy at the age of 17 years. The newborn is thriving and breast-feeding normally. The second pregnancy, uneventful thus far, occurred in a 37-year-old woman, gravida 0, with a 20-year history of amenorrhea diagnosed as premature ovarian failure. In both women, diagnoses were confirmed by menopausal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol. Both mothers were treated one month before the
Echoventriculography -- a simultaneous analysis of two-dimensional echocardiography and cineventriculography.
Authors: R Erbel, P Schweizer, H Lambertz, G Henn, J Meyer, W Krebs, S Effert
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Two-dimensional echocardiography underestimates left ventricular volume compared with cineventriculography. To exclude the influence of difference in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration phases and any effect of the contrast material on left ventricular function, simultaneous studies of two-dimensional echocardiography and cineventriculography-echoventriculography were performed in 46 patients. Apical two-dimensional echocardiograms in the right anterior oblique (RAO) equivalent view were recorded before and during cineventriculography in the 30 degrees RAO projection. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV and ESV) were calculated using a disc method with a semiautomatic computer system. The echo transducer position relative to the left ventricular apex and long axis was analyzed. For EDV determined by two-dimensional echocardiography and cineventriculography, the linear regression equation was y = 0.659x + 0.8, SEE = +/- 26.2 ml, r = 0.907. For ESV, the regression equation was y = 0.571x + 17.8, r = 0.938, SEE = +/- 18.6 ml, and for ejection fraction (EF) it was y = 0.606x + 13.0, r = 0.803, SEE = +/- 9.1%. Injection of contrast material resulted in only a small increase of stroke volume, caused by an increase of EDV as analyzed by echoventriculography. In all but two patients, the transducer position was found to be anterior and superior to the left ventricular anatomic apex, as evaluated by filming the echo transducer position during cineventriculography in 46 patients in the 30 degrees RAO projection and in 15 patients consecutively in the 60 degrees left anterior oblique and 30-40 degrees cranial projections. Thus, tangential cuts of the ventricle resulted in underestimation of diameters, long axis and ventricular volumes. These methodologic problems are exacerbated by slice-thickness artifacts. Furthermore, different outlining of left ventricular contour -- outer border of ventricular trabeculae for cine ventriculography and inner border for two-dimensional echocardiography -- seemed to result in underestimation of volume by echocardiography.
Substitutions in woolly mammoth hemoglobin confer biochemical properties adaptive for cold tolerance
Authors: Kevin L Campbell, Jason E E Roberts, Laura N Watson, Jörg Stetefeld, Angela M Sloan, Anthony V Signore, Jesse W Howatt, Jeremy R H Tame, Nadin Rohland, Tong-Jian Shen, Jeremy J Austin, Michael Hofreiter, Chien Ho, Roy E Weber, Alan Cooper
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Sleep after a Bedtime Beverage
Authors: V. Brezinova, I. Oswald
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Sleep after an inert capsule was compared with sleep after a hot, bedtime, milk-cereal drink (Horlicks). All-night electrophysiological recordings were made with 18 persons on 10 nights each. Restlessness during sleep at the end of the night was diminished after Horlicks in a group of 10 young adults. In an older group of eight adults, mean age 55 years, sleep after Horlicks was of longer total duration and was less broken by periods of wakefulness. In the latter group the improvement associated with Horlicks was most apparent late in the night and it increased with repeated administration.
ON THE PRODUCTION OF FORMALDEHYDE BY INTESTINAL BACTERIA
Authors: B. H. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THE production of formaldehyde by bacteria when grown on suitable media has a significance of very considerable importalnce both from a bacteriological and from a pathological point of view, and, indeed, this property may in the case of certain organisms normally present in the intes- tinal canal have a direct influence on orderly metabolism.Formaldehyde is an extremely toxic substance and, in comllmon with all aldehydes, a powerful reducing agent; of its var-ious tests Schryver's is regarded as the most delicate and reliable, and is carried out as follows: To 10 c.cm. of the suspected solution, 2 c.cm. of a 1 per cent.solution of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride are added-, then 1 c.cm. of a 5 per cent.solution of potassium ferricyanide, and lastly 2 c.cm. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, when a pink colour appears if formaldehyde is present.The following table shows the results of this test applied to certaini organisms on the sixth day of incubation at 37.50 C. on peptone alone, and in combinatioln with lactose, glucose, mannite, and inulin.Coliformi, Group I go Group II ...
Brain Scintigraphy in Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: S TZILA ZWAS, PHILIP BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Brain scintigraphy demonstrated an unusual image pattern which was associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM). A preoperative diagnosis of AVM was suspected on the radionuclide study and confirmed by contrast angiography and surgery. We review the criteria established for diagnosis of AVM by dynamic and static scintigraphy and discuss additional findings which can be helpful when noncharacteristic AVM presentations are encountered.
Psychiatrist accused of dishonesty for prescribing drugs to a patient under a false name
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The psychiatrist brother of the United Kingdom’s shadow chancellor of the exchequer is facing charges of dishonesty at the General Medical Council for trying to obtain antipsychotic drugs for a cocaine addicted friend under a fictitious name.

Adam Osborne, younger brother of George Osborne, who is expected to become chancellor if the Conservatives win the coming general election, is accused of misconduct that could see him struck off the medical register.

The allegations came to light when the woman, a 21 year old prostitute named only as Miss B, arrived at Manchester Royal Infirmary’s emergency …
Gastric emptying of wholemeal and white bread.
Authors: D S Grimes, J Goddard
Journal: Gut (1977)

Whether the nervous system relies on modularity to simplify acquisition and control of complex motor skills remains controversial. To date, evidence for modularity has been indirect, based on statistical regularities in the motor commands captured by muscle synergies. Here we provide direct evidence by testing the prediction that in a truly modular controller it must be harder to adapt to perturbations that are incompatible with the modules. We investigated a reaching task in which human subjects used myoelectric control to move a mass in a virtual environment. In this environment we could perturb the normal muscle-to-force mapping, as in a complex surgical rearrangement of the tendons, by altering the mapping between recorded muscle activity and simulated force applied on the mass. After identifying muscle synergies, we performed two types of virtual surgeries. After compatible virtual surgeries, a full range of movements could still be achieved recombining the synergies, whereas after incompatible virtual surgeries, new or modified synergies would be required. Adaptation rates after the two types of surgery were compared. If synergies were only a parsimonious description of the regularities in the muscle patterns generated by a nonmodular controller, we would expect adaptation rates to be similar, as both types of surgeries could be compensated with similar changes in the muscle patterns. In contrast, as predicted by modularity, we found strikingly faster adaptation after compatible surgeries than after incompatible ones. These results indicate that muscle synergies are key elements of a modular architecture underlying motor control and adaptation.
Comparing the Risk for Death with Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis in a National Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bernard G. Jaar, Josef Coresh, Laura C. Plantinga, Nancy E. Fink, Michael J. Klag, Andrew S. Levey, Nathan W. Levin, John H. Sadler, Alan Kliger, Neil R. Powe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: The influence of type of dialysis on survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is controversial. Objective: To compare risk for death among patients with ESRD who receive peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 81 dialysis clinics in 19 U.S. states. Patients: 1041 patients starting dialysis (274 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and 767 patients receiving hemodialysis) at baseline. Measurements: Patients were followed for up to 7 years and censored at transplantation or loss to follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by clinic was used to compare the risk for death with peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis. Results: Twenty-five percent of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 5% of hemodialysis patients switched type of dialysis. After adjustment, the risk for death did not differ between patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and those undergoing hemodialysis during the first year (relative hazard, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.64 to 3.06]), but the risk became significantly higher among those undergoing peritoneal dialysis in the second year (relative hazard, 2.34 [CI, 1.19 to 4.59]). After stratification, the survival rate was no different for patients who had the highest propensity of being initially treated with peritoneal dialysis. Results were consistent with adjustment based on a propensity score model and in sensitivity analyses that used as-treated models and models in which switches in type of dialysis were treated as treatment failures. Results were similar but stronger in analyses that were restricted to patients who were treated only in clinics offering both types of dialysis. Limitations: Patients were not randomly assigned to their initial type of dialysis. Also, more patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis than hemodialysis switched type of dialysis over time, and the reason for switching was often a consequence of the technique. Conclusions: The risk for death in patients with ESRD undergoing dialysis depends on dialysis type. Further studies are needed to evaluate a possible survival benefit of a timely change from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis.
Left ventricular ejection fraction during cardiac surgery: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study.
Authors: J M Dubroff, M B Clark, C Y Wong, A J Spotnitz, R H Collins, H M Spotnitz
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Although long-term effects have been studied, the immediate effect of surgery for acquired heart disease on left ventricular function is not well defined. Accordingly, 44 adults with acquired heart disease underwent intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography with a gas-sterilized transducer before and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ejection fraction was measured by short-axis area change at the maximum left ventricular cross section (SAAC-EF) and also by a method using multiple sections. Correction of both mitral and aortic regurgitation produced a significant intraoperative decrease in ejection fraction from 0.49 +/- 19 (SD) to 0.32 +/- 0.16 (p less than .02) and from 0.41 +/- 0.13 to 0.30 +/- 0.17 (p less than .0005), respectively. Relief of aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis resulted in an intraoperative increase in ejection fraction from 0.45 +/- 0.10 to 0.55 +/- 0.09 (p less than .02) and from 0.41 +/- 0.05 to 0.50 +/- 0.07 (p less than .05), respectively. Ejection fraction after coronary artery bypass grafting was unchanged. Preload (end-diastolic area) was significantly decreased after correction of aortic regurgitation (p less than .02) but unchanged in other lesions. We conclude that (1) correction of pure mitral and aortic valvular lesions produces characteristic alterations in ejection fraction in the immediate postoperative period; (2) with the possible exception of patients with aortic regurgitation, the observed change in ejection fraction does not appear to reflect changes in preload; (3) noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography during cardiac surgery appears feasible and could provide data important for clinical decision making in the early postoperative period.
Transcatheter electrical ablation of right bundle branch. A method of treating macroreentrant ventricular tachycardia attributed to bundle branch reentry.
Authors: P Tchou, M Jazayeri, S Denker, J Dongas, J Caceres, M Akhtar
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The present study describes the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of sustained bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia treated with electrical ablation of the right bundle branch. Seven patients presented with syncopal episodes, and six of the seven had documented episodes of ventricular tachycardia. All patients had depressed left ventricular ejection fraction with cardiomegaly. Six of the seven had dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of significant coronary disease. Twelve-lead electrocardiograms in all seven patients during sinus rhythm were remarkably similar; six demonstrated intraventricular conduction defect resembling left bundle branch block, and one showed left anterior fascicular block. All patients showed prolonged His-to-ventricle intervals during sinus rhythm. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (with atrioventricular dissociation) because of bundle branch reentry was induced in all patients during baseline electrophysiological study. The His-to-ventricle intervals during tachycardia were similar to those seen during sinus rhythm. Electrical ablation of the right bundle branch was accomplished in each patient with delivery of two electrical shocks (170-310 J) through electrode catheters. Right bundle branch block developed on their surface electrocardiogram immediately after the ablation. Follow-up electrophysiological studies showed no inducible ventricular tachycardia. Clinical follow-up showed no recurrence of syncope or ventricular tachycardia. From the data presented, the following can be concluded. First, right bundle branch ablation is a safe and promising means of treating ventricular tachycardia because of bundle branch reentry and can obviate the need for antiarrhythmic drug therapy and its frequent undesirable side effects. Second, there are common clinical and electrophysiological characteristics that are frequently seen in patients with this tachycardia, and the recognition of these common characteristics should alert the physician to a bundle branch reentrant mechanism of ventricular tachycardia.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF UTERINE FLEXIONS.
Authors: M. B. WARD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It is my desire to briefly consider the propriety of doing an abdominal section, in suitable cases, for retro-displacements of the uterus. It is, perhaps, unnecessary that I should preface my remarks with the statement that he who dares to recommend such radical measures for an ailment so insignificant in character, is certain to be severely criticized, and perhaps charged as having an unnatural desire to use the knife when milder measures meet all the indications. It is better, however, to give our views in our own way, from our own standpoint, and cultivate that generous spirit which allows others to do the same. In my experience, it has been extremely difficult and very often impossible to afford permanent relief in a large majority of cases of chronic retroflection, by methods usually recommended. It is comparatively easy to give temporary relief in many cases, if we will persistently treat the
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and endoscopic submucosal dissection for treatment of early gastric cancer in a cirrhotic patient
Authors: D. von Renteln, B. Riecken, H. Muehleisen, K. Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Portal hypertension is a main source of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing gastric surgery. Therefore, these patients are often rejected for gastric surgery, and portal decompression is essential prior to further invasive treatment [1] [2].
Transhepatic Ultrasound-Guided Cardiac Catheterization in the Fetal Lamb
Authors: Jean-Marie Jouannic, Younes Boudjemline, Jean-Louis Benifla, Damien Bonnet
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Percutaneous transventricular and fetoscopic umbilical catheterization have been applied to animal and human fetuses. These methods have a high rate of failure and complications. Here, we propose an alternative route for anterograde echocardiography-guided cardiac catheterization through a transhepatic approach of the intra-abdominal vessels in the fetal lamb. Methods and Results— After exteriorization of the uterus in 12 pregnant ewes between 118 to 122 days’ gestation, a 4F sheath mounted over a 1.2-mm needle was placed into the intra-abdominal portion of the umbilical vein (n=2) and into the subdiaphragmatic portion of the inferior vena cava via a transhepatic approach (n=10) under ultrasound guidance. In the first 2 animals using a transumbilical approach, it was impossible to reach the heart through the ductus venosus. In the next 10 animals, using a conventional technique, echocardiography-guided catheterization of the 4 chambers was performed in the all fetuses, atrial or ventricular pacing in 6 fetuses, and ballooning of the pulmonary valve in 9 of 10 fetuses. Among the 10 fetuses catheterized through the transhepatic approach, 2 were euthanized immediately after the procedure to evaluate intraperitoneal bleeding (23 and 29 mL, respectively), and 3 died after the procedure (1 of major bleeding and 2 deaths related to balloon catheter manipulation). Finally, 5 were delivered vaginally after an uneventful pregnancy, and autopsy at day 5 did not show significant liver, vascular, or cardiac injury. Conclusions— Echocardiography-guided fetal cardiac catheterization through a transhepatic approach is feasible and provides an interesting alternative approach for human fetal cardiac interventions.
Glomerulosclerosis and progression: Effect of subantihypertensive doses of α and βblockers
Authors: Kerstin Amann, Andreas Koch, Jürgen Hofstetter, Marie-Luise Gross, Christian Haas, Stephan R. Orth, Heimo Ehmke, Lars Christian Rump, Eberhard Ritz
Journal: Kidney International (2001)