tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Function of a Liaison Service in Medical Education Psychotherapeutic Implications for the Non-Psychiatrist
Authors: M.R. Kaufman, L.J. Roose
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The psychiatric liaison program at a medical center offers an integrated systematic approach to the teaching of psychiatry to the attending physcians, the house staff and medical students. This approach can be tailored to meet the specific needs of each of these groups and it provides a natural integration of psychiatry into other branches of medicine in the context of daily practice.
An “unlikely” Wells rule score (≤ 1) plus a negative<scp>d</scp>-dimer result excluded DVT in noncancer patients
Authors: Richard A. Brown, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Geersing GJ, Zuithoff NP, Kearon C, et al. Exclusion of deep vein thrombosis using the Wells rule in clinically important subgroups: individual patient data meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014;348:g1340. 24615063
Abstract A37: MicroRNA-26b potentiates cytotoxicity of malignant glioma cells by radiation
Authors: David J. Lee, Yeo-Hyun Hwang, In Ah Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MicroRNA-26b is known to be upregulated in high grade glioma and to play a crucial role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we evaluated the potential of targeting miRNA-26b to overcome the radioresistance of human malignant glioma cells. We also aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of radiosensitization by miR-26b. U251 human glioma cells having activation of PI3K signaling due to deletion of PTEN were transfected with pre-miR-26b or control pre-miRNA. Ectopic overexpression of miR-26b attenuated the expression of p-AKT and enhanced the cytotoxicity of U251 cells by radiation. Overexpression of miR-26b prolonged radiation-induced gamma H2AX foci formation and attenuated the expression of p-DNA-PKcs. Increased expression of mature miR-26b also suppressed invasion, migration, vascular tube formation, and led to down-regulation of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and MMP-2 expression. In contrast, overexpression of miR-26b did not increased radiaton toxicity of normal human astrocytes. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-26b could be an attractive target for overcoming radioresistnace of human malignant glioma cells via unique modulation of the cancer pro-survival signaling and EMT. Citation Format: David J. Lee, Yeo-Hyun Hwang, In Ah Kim. MicroRNA-26b potentiates cytotoxicity of malignant glioma cells by radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
Radioisotope Scanning of the Lungs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Vincent Lopez-Majano
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In 67 patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, regional pulmonary arterial blood flow was measured by quantitative radioisotope scanning of the lungs after intravenous administration of macroaggregated iodinated I 131 serum albumin. The most significant finding was a decrease in the pulmonary arterial blood flow to the diseased areas in all cases, usually to a greater extent than had been expected from the size of the lesion in the chest roentgenogram. Lung scanning was helpful in the evaluation of the relative involvement of the two lungs, and in several cases aided in the decision regarding the extent of pulmonary resection. Because of its safety and technical simplicity, lung scanning was helpful in serial quantitative studies of the regional pulmonary blood flow to the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cytochrome P450 CYP2E1, but not nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, is required for ethanol-induced oxidative DNA damage in rodent liver
Authors: Blair U. Bradford, Hiroshi Kono, Fuyumi Isayama, Oksana Kosyk, Michael D. Wheeler, Taro E. Akiyama, Lisa Bleye, Kristopher W. Krausz, Frank J. Gonzalez, Dennis R. Koop, Ivan Rusyn
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The occurrence of malignant tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver is, based largely on epidemiological evidence, causally related to the consumption of ethanol. It is widely recognized that oxidants play a key role in alcohol-induced liver injury; however, it is unclear how oxidants may be involved in DNA damage. We asked whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, cytochrome P450 CYP2E1, or both are responsible for the production of DNA damage. The rodent Tsukamoto-French model of intragastric ethanol infusion was used. Wistar rats, Cyp2e1-, p47phox-null, and hCyp2e1 transgenic mice were used. The abundance of oxidative DNA adducts, mutagenic apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and expression of base excision DNA repair genes was determined. In rats and wild-type mice, ethanol treatment for 4 weeks led to an increase in oxidative DNA damage and induction of expression of the base excision DNA repair genes that are known to remove oxidative DNA lesions. No increase in either of the endpoints was observed in ethanol-treated Cyp2e1-null mice, whereas the magnitude of response in p47phox-null mice and transgenic hCyp2e1 was identical to that in wild types. The increase in expression of DNA repair genes was completely abolished by treatment with the P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that oxidative stress to DNA is induced in liver by ethanol. Furthermore, although it was shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived oxidants are critical for the development of ethanol-induced liver injury, CYP2E1 is required for the induction of oxidative stress to DNA, and thus may play a key role in ethanol-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:336–344.)
CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF α1-ANTITRYPSIN IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DUE TO TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Antonio Abbate, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, Ignacio M. Seropian, Stefano Toldo, Lisa Smithson, Charles A. Dinarello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Transforming Growth Factor β<sub>1</sub>and Recruitment of Macrophages and Mast Cells in Airways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: WILLEM I. de BOER, ANNEMARIE van SCHADEWIJK, JACOB K. SONT, HARI S. SHARMA, JAN STOLK, PIETER S. HIEMSTRA, J.HAN J. M. van KRIEKEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Chronic airways inflammation is one of the features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We demonstrated previously that bronchiolar epithelium in COPD contains increased numbers of macrophages and mast cells. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF- β1) may be involved in this influx because it has chemotactic activity for macrophages and mast cells. In this study, we examined expression patterns of TGF- β1, TGF- β receptors type I and II (TGF- β RI and TGF- β RII) by immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization in peripheral lung tissue of 14 current or ex-smokers with COPD (FEV1 < 75%) and 14 without COPD (FEV1 > 84%). In both groups, TGF- β1 and its receptors are present in airway and alveolar epithelial cells, airway and vascular smooth muscle cells, and tissue and alveolar CD68+ cells (considered herein to be macrophages). In subjects with COPD, a semiquantitative analysis revealed approximately twofold higher levels of TGF- β1 mRNA and protein in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium (p < 0.02) as compared with subjects without COPD. With regard to bronchiolar epithelial cells, we found a significant correlation between TGF- β1 mRNA and protein expression (r = 0.62; p < 0.002), and between the FEV1 of all subjects together and TGF- β1 protein (r = − 0.60; p < 0.0002) and mRNA (r = − 0.67; p < 0.002) levels. The epithelial expression of TGF- β1 mRNA and TGF- β1 protein correlates with the number of intraepithelial macrophages (both: r = 0.44; p < 0.03) whereas intraepithelial mast cell numbers correlate with epithelial TGF- β1 mRNA expression. These data suggest a role for TGF- β1 in recruiting macrophages into the airway epithelium in COPD.
Urinary incontinence: long term effectiveness of nursing intervention in primary care
Authors: J. O'Brien, H. Long
Journal: BMJ (1995)

of services at a lower price, and choosing cheaper providers.This means that hospitals lost money, despite the demand for specialist services having increased.It is on the whole reassuring that referral rates seem relatively immune from financial pressures as it suggests that fimdholders' patients are not being deprived of the level of specialist attention afforded to those whose general practitioners are not fundholders.It may be disappointing, however, to those who hoped that the fundholders' scope for reinvesting savings in new practice based facilities would encourage a shift away from dependence on specialist hospital services.Our results show no such shift, at least in terns of initial outpatient referrals.We are very grateful to the general practitioners and their practice managers and support staff, without whom this study would not have been possible.
Test all patients in high prevalence areas for HIV, says NICE
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

All patients living in areas in England where there is a high prevalence of HIV should be routinely offered tests for the virus, a government body has recommended.

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has recommended that patients living in areas where more than two in 1000 of the population have been diagnosed with HIV should be screened for the virus.

The guidance, which backs up recommendations made by the British HIV Association in 2008, says that doctors and other health professionals should consider offering and recommending an HIV test when registering and admitting new patients in high prevalence areas, and when they undergo …
Mumps cases rise among teenagers and young adults
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cases of mumps are running at the highest level for a decade in England and Wales.

In the first three months of this year 578 cases were reported, compared with 414 for the first quarter of 2003. In 1996, there were only 94 cases.

New figures from the Health Protection Agency show that most cases of mumps are now among young adults who missed out on vaccination in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme that began in …
Want to be an astronaut? Here's an opportunity
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The nation's smallest medical subspecialty group may get another member or two this year, although there's no guarantee. This select group consists of the physician-astronauts who still are active in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program. They presently constitute 10% (8/78) of the active astronaut corps. Any physician who wants to become an astronaut can apply between Oct 1 and Dec 1 of this year. He or she will have to compete with eligible civilians who apply, however, and with military persons nominated by the various armed services. Competition is for six pilot and six mission specialist openings (to fly on the reusable space shuttle craft) that NASA anticipates for 1984. Besides meeting the physical requirements, all candidates must have at least a bachelor's degree in engineering, mathematics, or the biological or physical sciences. Pilots must have at least 1,000 hours' flying time in high performance jets; for
Risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Lithuania, 2002–2008: Table 1–
Authors: Yanina Balabanova, Birute Radiulyte, Edita Davidaviciene, Richard Hooper, Olga Ignatyeva, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy, Francis A. Drobniewski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

Lithuania, a high-priority country for tuberculosis (TB) control in the World Health Organization European Region, has one of the world’s highest rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB. It has recently seen an increase in the rates of both primary and acquired MDR-TB (9% of new and 50% of re-treatment cases were MDR in 2010), and the appearance of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB cases constituting 4.3% of all MDR-TB cases [1, 2]. Drug resistance is accompanied by low treatment success rates (40% in newly diagnosed and 19% in re-treatment cases in 2009) among MDR-TB patients despite a well-established TB control programme with relatively good indicators of treatment success and low default rates (7%) among patients with sensitive TB [2].

Although there are data describing the molecular epidemiology of drug resistance in Lithuania [3], relatively little is known about risk factors for drug resistance. We analysed 7 yrs of Lithuanian national surveillance data: all treated culture-confirmed TB cases, including new and re-treatment cases, registered from 2002 to 2008 in the national TB register (established in 2002). Our aim was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and socioeconomic features of MDR-/XDR-TB cases, and to establish risk factors for drug resistance acquisition and development during re-treatment.

Standard case reporting included demographic and clinical information with initial and follow-up drug susceptibility testing (DST) results. Individual patients suspected of having a high risk of HIV/AIDS were offered testing for HIV according to the national policy. A randomly selected proportion of strains (∼18%) was genotyped (by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism typing and spoligotyping) within the routine service …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “High-Pressure Loculated Pericardial Effusion in Postpericardiotomy Syndrome”
Authors: George Syros, Michael Maysky
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Regarding Article, "High-Pressure Loculated Pericardial Effusion in Postpericardiotomy Syndrome"We appreciate Dr Kern's interest and thoughtful remarks regarding our case of loculated pericardial effusion. 1First, we would like to address the issue of the reliability of the recordings presented.The published tracings of pericardial pressure were obtained via a pigtail catheter, which was positioned in the pericardial cavity over the wire, after injection of echo-contrast through the needle confirmed the intrapericardial position of the needle.Thus, we are completely certain that the curves correctly demonstrate intrapericardial pressure tracings; multiple subsequent recordings were obtained as the effusion was drained, with a corresponding decline of the pressure.We agree that in a case of free-flowing pericardial effusions, leftand right atrial and ventricular diastolic pressures rise with subsequent equalization.As Dr Kern points out, compression of right chambers leads to hemodynamic compromise.However, loculated pericardial effusions may cause a different hemodynamic situation.Loculated pericardial effusions may be associated with regional cardiac tamponade, which occurs when any of the cardiac chambers may be compressed by the loculated effusion. 2They also usually are accompanied by localized pericardial adhesions, which may protect other chambers from the effect of elevated intrapericardial pressure, especially after cardiac surgery, as in our case. 3In our patient the ventricularized tracing of the pericardial effusion was due to the transmission of pressure from the left ventricle to the pericardial effusion caused by the outward movement of the free wall of the left ventricle in systole.This pressure was not transmitted uniformly to the right atrium or right ventricle to cause the hemodynamic sequelae described by Dr Kern;
Cardiopulmonary adaptation at rest and during exercise 10 years after Mustard atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: N N Musewe, J Reisman, L N Benson, D Wilkes, H Levison, R M Freedom, G A Trusler, G J Canny
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Discordance exists between apparently reduced systemic right ventricular function and the reported asymptomatic state of many patients after atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries. To evaluate this clinical observation, cardiopulmonary response to exercise in 17 asymptomatic patients with no significant postoperative hemodynamic abnormalities was assessed by upright bicycle ergometry according to a modified Jomes protocol 11.5 +/- 1.5 years after Mustard atrial repair. Seventeen age- and sex-matched normal adolescents constituted the control group. Incremental exercise was performed to determine maximum work capacity, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and minute ventilation. Cardiac output was computed at rest and during steady-state exercise by a carbon dioxide rebreathing method at 50% of the maximum workload achieved during incremental exercise. Height and weight were similar in patients and controls (p greater than .05). Resting pulmonary function variables were normal in all subjects. At peak exercise, respiratory quotient was greater than 1 in both patients and controls (1.12 +/- 0.09 and 1.09 +/- 0.08 respectively, p greater than .05). Patients achieved a lower peak heart rate (172 +/- 14 vs 185 +/- 11 beats/min, p less than .01), lower maximum work capacity (2.3 +/- 0.6 vs 3.3 +/- 0.7 W/kg, p less than .01). The ratio of minute ventilation at peak exercise to maximum resting voluntary ventilation was normal (less than or equal to 80%) in both groups. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen was similar at rest, but significantly higher in patients than in control subjects at peak exercise (42 +/- 7 vs 36 +/- 5, p less than .006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A NEW METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS
Authors: SAMUEL SILBERT
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The purpose of this paper is to present the results obtained in the treatment of a few cases of thromboangiitis obliterans by a method which, to my knowledge, has not heretofore been used. The etiology of the disease is not known. The pathology has been clearly described by Buerger.<sup>1</sup>One point, however, on which sufficient emphasis has not been laid is the involvement of the nerves in the fibrous tissue surrounding the blood vessels. The contracting scar tissue not only acts as an irritant, but results in such injury to the nerve that definite secondary degeneration takes place. It is worth noting that the nerves are involved in this process only below the knee, where they run parallel and adjacent to the blood vessels. In the thigh the femoral vessels do not come in contact with the sciatic nerve. The importance of this fact will be made clear later.
Formation of 4–Hydroxynonenal Adducts With Cytochrome C Oxidase in Rats Following Short–Term Ethanol Intake
Authors: Juanjuan Chen, Neal C. Robinson, Steven Schenker, Teri A. Frosto, George I. Henderson
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

This study addresses the role of the lipid peroxidation product, 4–hydroxynonenal (HNE), in ethanol–related damage of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in vivo . It utilizes an animal model with acute ethanol exposure in which HNE levels in liver mitochondria are strikingly increased. Pregnant female Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 5 doses of ethanol (4 gm/kg, po at 12–hour intervals) beginning on day 17 of gestation and were sacrificed on day 19. Controls were pair–fed and received dextrose isocaloric to ethanol. Mitochondria were isolated from maternal and fetal livers and COX activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Compared with the pair–fed controls, COX activity was decreased with exposure to ethanol by 25% in maternal rats and 43% in fetal rats ( P &lt;.05). Western Blot with an HNE–Histidine antibody showed enhanced formation of HNE adducts with COX from ethanol–exposed rats, which was more pronounced in fetal than in adult livers. The HNE adducts were mainly with subunit IV of COX. The cause and effect relationship between HNE adduct formation and COX inhibition was examined in vitro by incubating purified COX with HNE. COX inhibition was accompanied by concentration–dependent HNE adduct formation that was consistent with those found in in vivo ethanol–exposed samples. These results suggest that the ethanol–related decreases in COX activity found in liver mitochondria could be attributable to HNE adduct formation with the enzyme complex. This could be an important mechanism by which modification of proteins occur in in vivo oxidative stress.
Thalidomide may be a mutagen
Authors: R W Smithells
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Analyses of this kind are beset by problems of colinearity, particularly of variables pertaining to practice organisation."Female partner in the practice" is the only such variable entered into the multiple regression model of Majeed and colleagues.This variable is, by virtue of its construction, highly correlated with partnership size.Our data suggest that both these variables have an independent effect of similar magnitude.
Authors' reply to Corbett and colleagues
Authors: J. Gilbert, A. Siddiky
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We appreciate Corbett and colleagues’ response to our article.1 2 Our brief was to provide an overview of arteriovenous access, with a focus on simple autologous vein fistulas rather than on tertiary access or complex access in the presence of central vein disease.

Primary non-function is a recognised problem, but ideally no more than 10-15% of radiocephalic …
Pulmonary edema due to tetrachloroethylene.
Authors: R Patel, N Janakiraman, W D Towne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

A patient with massive exposure to tetrachloroethylene fumes presented with coma and severe pulmonary edema. Sequential blood gases, chest x-rays, and clinical findings showed dramatic improvement with conventional but aggressive management and the patient recovered completely. There was no evidence of permanent renal, hepatic, or central nervous system damage.
Independent Physiological Predictors of Foot Lesions in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Debra K Litzelman, Deanna J Marriott, Frank Vinicor
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To identify and quantify independent physiological risk factors for foot lesions in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS There were 352 patients enrolled in a 1-year randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing risks for lower-extremity pathology through patient education and system interventions. Inclusion criteria were as follows: being age 40 years or over, being at or above ideal body weight, and having been diagnosed with NIDDM. Participants were predominantly African-American (76%), elderly (mean 60 years of age), indigent (77% with annual income &amp;lt; $10,000), or women (81%) who had diabetes for 10 years. Prospective multivariate modeling used baseline clinical signs (e.g., blood pressure, dermatological characteristics, and neuropathic measures) and laboratory values (e.g., lipid profiles and measures of glycemic control) to predict foot lesions rated using the Seattle Wound Classification. RESULTS When controlling for intervention effects, only measures of neuropathy (monofilament testing [odds ratio {OR} 2.75, 95% CI 1.55–4.88] and thermal sensitivity testing [2.18, 1.13–4.21]) predicted wounds classified 1.2 (minor injury), but investigation of wounds rated at least 1.3 (nonulcerated lesions) indicated baseline wounds (13.41), 3.19–56.26), monofilament abnormalities (5.23, 2.26–12.13), and low HDL (1.63, 1.11–2.39) as predictors. Although fungal dermatitis, dry cracked skin, edema, ingrown nails, microalbuminuria, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were candidates for one or both of the multivariable models (P &amp;lt; 0.3), they were not significant multivariate predictors. CONCLUSIONS Lesions may be preventable with aggressive screening for peripheral neuropathy and abnormal lipids. Also, these results provide empirical support for the commonly held belief that foot lesions prospectively predict future wounds.