tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of chlorite and serpentine in cosmetic or pharmaceutical talc.
Authors: A M Blount, A H Vassiliou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Chlorite is the most common accessory mineral group found in high purity talc ore used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical consumer talcum products. X-ray diffraction and wet chemical analytical data obtained on geologic samples representing commercial talc ore deposits of high purity and on processed samples representing talc found in consumer talcum products indicate that clinochlore and penninite are the two chlorite minerals most commonly found in all talc samples irrespective of origin or source, but sheridanite is also found in some samples representing talc deposits that are associated with serpentinite rocks. The chlorite minerals exhibit certain well-defined X-ray diffraction characteristics which differentiate them from each other as well as from those of serpentine minerals, including the hazardous chrysotile asbestos.
Role of endothelin in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia-reperfusion in normal rabbits
Authors: Gaudencio Espinosa, Antonio López Farré, María Rosa Cernadas, Felix Manzarbeitia, Dunyong Tan, Enzo Digiuni, Juan R. Mosquera, Mercedes Montón, Inmaculada Millás, Luis Hernando, Santos Casado, Carlos Caramelo
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Tuberculosis case exposes flaws in international public health systems
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
Abstract 40: Targeting MLCK expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts disrupts tumor-stromal interactions in gastric cancer
Authors: Liping Su, Lu Chen, Xuehua Chen, Jianfang Li, Bingya Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aim: Accumulating evidence has indicated that microenvironment consisting of stromal affects cancer progression. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells and fibroblasts, the major cell type in stromal, interact with each other during tumor development remains to be elucidated. Our aim is to identify the molecular mechanism involved in tumor-stromal cell interactions in human gastric cancer. Methods: The expression of Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) in gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of CAF, which was interfered with MLCK, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in vitro were measured. Results: Primary fibroblast cultures were established from human gastric cancer. MLCK was upregulated in CAF compared with NF (fibroblasts from patient matching non-cancerous tissues). Small interfering RNA knockdown of MLCK in CAF impaired the augmenting effect of CAF on gastric cancer cell proliferation, and induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells (9.1+0.8 vs 22.3+1.4, p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover, the ability of stimulating gastric cancer cells migration (77.7+4.3 vs 61+4.2, p&amp;lt;0.05) and invasion (60.9+1.5 vs 48.3+1.4, p&amp;lt;0.05) in vitro by CAF was also inhibited when MLCK was knocked down. Furthermore, gastric cancer cells can also activate CAF in a MLCK-dependent manner. Conclusions: These findings indicate that MLCK mediates the cross-talk between tumor and stromal in gastric cancer, and suggest that targeting stromal cells for MLCK interference may be a therapeutic target in human gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 40. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-40
<i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>Infection from Eating Raw Snails
Authors: Daniel New, M.D. Little, John Cross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is widespread in the Pacific basin and has been reported in Cuba, Reunion, and the Ivory Coast.1 To our knowledge, however, no human infection with A. cantonensis has been reported in North America to date. We report a case of autochthonous A. cantonensis infection in a child in New Orleans. An 11-year-old boy presented to Children's Hospital in New Orleans on June 24, 1993, with myalgia (which he had had for seven days), headache, low-grade fever, vomiting (for six days), and a stiff neck (for five days). He had always lived . . .
Distribution of pulmonary cholinergic nerves in the rabbit.
Authors: A W El-Bermani, E I Bloomquist, J A Montvilo
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Investigations of the nerves of the rabbit lung, by light and electron microscopy, showed a dense acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation of the bronchi through the bronchiolar level. Large nerve bundles were found to decrease in size as they progressed from extrachondral to subchondral connective tissue, forming complex networks of mostly terminal fibres in the muscle layer. In several instances single fibres penetrated the submucosal layer and approached the mucosa. Gangliocytes, which also reacted positively for cholinesterase, were visible in the vicinity of the large peribronchial bundles. Gangliocytes rarely were seen in association with the vasculature. Blood vessels received a much less dense cholinesterase-positive nerve supply than the bronchi. Single, non-terminal fibres were noted at the adventitiomedial junction of the pulmonary artery and vein. In addition, segments of nerve fibres (networks) were observed in the arterial and venous smooth muscle layers. Cholinesterase-positive innervation was even less extensive in the veins than in the arteries.
Medical Insurance and Health -- What about Managed Care?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Arguments about the need for universal health insurance coverage are based on medical as well as ethical and economic considerations. Some who doubt the need for universal coverage claim that in our present health care system even the uninsured manage to obtain essential care. On the other hand, advocates of universal coverage insist that a lack of insurance inevitably reduces access to necessary medical care and is therefore harmful to health, not simply to the pocketbook. A large and growing literature, recently summarized by Weissman and Epstein,1 supports the latter view. However, so many factors can influence access to medical . . .
Intratumoral immunotherapy with the TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052
Authors: DV Smirnov, G Zhao, JM Beaurline, KE Johnson, JT Capecchi, LI Harrison, MA Tomai, JM Elvecrog, DM Klinman, JP Vasilakos
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts TLR agonists have demonstrated anti-tumor activity in both animals and humans. Clinically, successful anti-tumor activity with TLR agonists was most often observed when the molecules were applied locally to dermatological cancers. This mode of administration was also associated
Hemodynamics of Aortic and Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: David G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This slim volume summarizes the experience of the cardiac catheterization team of the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City with the transbronchial study of aortic and mitral valve lesions. The transbronchial technique may ultimately be mainly of historical interest if, as the authors hint, alternate approaches to chambers of the left heart replace it. But the data obtained and beautifully presented are of lasting interest in the study of mitral and aortic disease. Other weightier volumes have dealt with the same material and failed to convey half the information given in the present monograph. One outstanding feature is the wealth of reproductions of pressure pulses in the cardiovascular system. All but 2 of the approximately 90 pressure pulse figures are original photokymographic tracings. The 2 diagrams clarify material which is also presented in originals. In most instances the electrocardiogram and 1 or 2 phonocardiographic channels were recorded simultaneously with
Independent and overlapping transcriptional activation during liver development and regeneration in mice
Authors: Nancy Kelley-Loughnane, Gregg E. Sabla, Catherine Ley-Ebert, Bruce J. Aronow, Jorge A. Bezerra
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Liver development and regeneration share the requirement for simultaneous proliferation and acquisition of highly specialized cellular functions. However, little is known about molecules with regulatory roles in both processes. We hypothesized that transcriptional reprogramming induced by regeneration recapitulates that of developing liver. To address this hypothesis, we determined global hepatic gene expression at embryonic day 14.5, postnatal day 14, and 6 to 24 hours following partial hepatectomy using microarrays containing 8,635 cDNAs. Analysis of genes overexpressed during these conditions revealed 3 unique expression patterns. The first was predominantly signature gene clusters specific for each growth phase. Major groups were hematopoiesis-related genes in embryonic livers, metabolic genes during postnatal liver development, and growth/inflammation and metabolic genes during regeneration. The second pattern consisted of dual overexpression during regeneration and at least one phase of development. Consistent with potential regulatory roles in liver growth, most of these transcripts control cell-cell contact, membrane trafficking, cell growth, metabolism, and inflammatory response. The third pattern, revealed by surveying their expression across 76 hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues, uncovered a restricted temporospatial pattern of liver overexpression for CD14, orosomucoid 1, hepcidin, Spi 2.1, Ith3, and Tim-44. In conclusion, these results provide a basis for the identification of gene and gene groups that play critical roles at different phases of liver development and regeneration, and underscore the importance of maintaining metabolic demands during organ growth.
A PCR analysis of reinfection and liver disease in liver transplant (OLT) due to hepatitis viruses
Authors: A. Smedile, M. Marzano, E. Chiaberge, M. Brunetto, M. Abate, M. Durazzo, F. Rosina, P. Farci, F. Bonino, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Is early speech and language therapy after stroke a waste?
Authors: A. G. Rudd, C. D. A. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The importance of shared or distributed leadership in healthcare is recognised; however, trainees, early career professionals and others for whom the exercise of leadership is a recent development report being underprepared for leadership roles. Trainee clinical scientists exemplify such groups, being both early in their career and in a profession for which clinical leadership is less well established. Their insights can inform understanding of appropriate forms of leadership development for health professionals. <h3>Methods</h3> We explored perceptions of leadership and its development for trainee clinical scientists on the UK preregistration Scientist Training Programme through semi-structured interviews with trainees, training officers, academic educators and lead healthcare scientists; and through an online questionnaire based on the UK multiprofessional Clinical Leadership Competency Framework (CLCF). Responses were analysed statistically or thematically as appropriate. <h3>Results</h3> Forty interviews were undertaken and 267 valid questionnaire responses received. Stakeholders recognised clinical expertise as integral to leadership; otherwise their perceptions aligned with CLCF domains and ‘shared leadership’ philosophy. They consider learning by ‘doing’ real tasks (<i>leadership activities</i>) key to competency acquisition, with <i>leadership education</i> (eg, observation and theory) complementing these. Workplace affordances, such as quality of departmental leadership, training officer engagement and degree of patient contact affect trainees’ ability to undertake leadership activities. <h3>Conclusions</h3> From our research, we have developed an enhanced model for leadership development for trainee and early career clinical scientists that may have wider applicability to other health professions and groups not traditionally associated with clinical leadership. To foster their leadership, we argue that improving workplace affordances is more important than improving leadership education.
Effect of transdermal botulinum toxin on sweat secretion in subjects with idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: A. Chow, E.P. Wilder-Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We explored whether a simple unassisted transdermal delivery of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) is effective for treating palmar hyperhidrosis. Palmar hyperhidrosis is common and troublesome. Nonsurgical treatments include topical antiperspirants, iontophoresis, anticholinergic drugs and botulinum toxin injections. Most antiperspirants contain 1–2% aluminium salts and, although convenient and effective, require repeated application and can irritate skin.1 Iontophoresis, although effective,2 has disadvantages of requiring frequent, lengthy treatment and potential skin allergy.1 Oral anticholinergic drugs are largely ineffective because of undesirable side‐effects.1 BTX injections are highly effective in treating palmar hyperhidrosis with effects lasting 6 months.3 4–5 However, pain associated with injection is a major limitation. Surgical procedures such as thoracic sympathectomy are fairly effective but high rates of compensatory hyperhidrosis are a major negative side‐effect.6 We have previously postulated that BTX can be administered topically, either with or without assistance by procedures such as iontophoresis or sonophoresis.7
Impaired hepatic apolipoprotein B and E translation in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Authors: J D Sparks, R Zolfaghari, C E Sparks, H C Smith, E A Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Studies of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats have demonstrated that hepatic apo B and apo E production are reduced. To determine if reductions are related to decreases in hepatic mRNAs, we performed blotting analysis of total liver RNA with rat apo B, apo E, and albumin cDNA probes. The expected reduction in albumin mRNA levels to 48% of control livers occurred in diabetic rat liver, while apo B and apo E mRNA levels were unchanged. The proportion of translational stop codon (BSTOP) mRNA averaged 43% of total in diabetic rats similar to control levels. Long-term labeling experiments using [35S]methionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and specific immunoprecipitations demonstrated production of apo B and apo E, and albumin by hepatocytes from diabetic rats was reduced to 37%, 53%, and 23% of controls. Pulse-chase studies, together with mRNA analyses, suggest that reduced hepatic secretion of apo B and apo E in diabetics is primarily a result of impaired translation and not intracellular degradation. Ribosome transit studies directly confirmed the prolonged elongation rates for apo B and apo E mRNAs in hepatocytes derived from diabetic rats. This effect was more pronounced on apo BH (higher molecular weight) than on apo BL (lower molecular weight). Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin for 7 d led to normalization of hepatic albumin mRNA levels with no substantial change in apo E mRNA levels. In contrast, insulin treatment resulted in significant increases in hepatic apo B mRNA over control levels. Results suggest hepatic albumin and apo B mRNA levels are responsive to insulin in the diabetic state.
Expression of Human α1-Antitrypsin in Mice and Dogs Following AAV6 Vector-mediated Gene Transfer to the Lungs
Authors: Christine L Halbert, David K Madtes, Andrew E Vaughan, Zejing Wang, Rainer Storb, Stephen J Tapscott, A Dusty Miller
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

We evaluated the potential of lung-directed gene therapy for alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency using an adeno-associated virus type 6 (AAV6) vector containing a human AAT (hAAT) complementary DNA (cDNA) delivered to the lungs of mice and dogs. The results in normal and immune-deficient mice showed that hAAT concentrations were much higher in lung fluid than in plasma, and therapeutic levels were obtained even in normal mice. However, in normal mice an immune response against the vector and/or transgene limited long-term gene expression. An AAV6 vector expressing a marker protein verified that AAV6 vectors efficiently transduced lung cells in dogs. Delivery of AAV6-hAAT resulted in low levels of hAAT in dog serum but therapeutic levels in the lung that persisted for at least 58 days to 4 months in three immunosuppressed dogs. Expression in the serum was not detectable after 45 days in one nonimmune suppressed dog. A lymphoproliferative response to AAV capsid but not to hAAT was detected even after immunosuppression. These results in mice and dogs show the feasibility of expression of therapeutic levels of AAT in the lungs after AAV vector delivery, and advocate for approaches to prevent cellular immune responses to AAV capsid proteins for persistence of gene expression in humans.
Enhanced peripheral vasoconstrictor response and increased thromboxane A2 synthesis after the cold pressor test in patients with angina at rest.
Authors: G G Neri Serneri, G F Gensini, G Masotti, R Abbate, L Poggesi, R Laureano, D Prisco, P G Rogasi, S Castellani
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and thromboxane A2(TxA2) synthesis after the cold pressor test were investigated in different subsets of patients with angina (10 with stable effort angina, 36 with resting angina [24 in an active phase and 12 in an inactive phase], and five with Prinzmetal's variant angina) and in 41 control subjects of equivalent age and risk factors. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, extent of coronary angiographic lesions, and baseline PVR were not significantly different among the various patient groups. In all patient groups, except those with variant angina, the cold pressor test resulted in a higher increase in PVR than in the control subjects (p less than .001 for all groups). In patients with variant angina the vasoconstrictor response was increased only in proximity (about 1 hr) to ischemic attacks. In patients with active resting angina the vasoconstrictor response was on the average four times longer than that in patients with effort angina and with inactive resting angina (p less than .001). This exaggerated vasoconstrictor response was associated with elevated TxA2 resting levels in plasma and with increased TxA2 synthesis after the cold pressor test. A linear relationship was found between the area of the vascular response and the area of TxA2 production after the cold pressor test in patients with active resting angina (r = .87, p less than .001). The increased TxA2 synthesis and the inappropriate increase of peripheral vascular response to sympathetic stimulation revert back to normal in the inactive phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase 1 Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of TH-302, a Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug, in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies
Authors: Glen J. Weiss, Jeffrey R. Infante, E. Gabriela Chiorean, Mitesh J. Borad, Johanna C. Bendell, Julian R. Molina, Raoul Tibes, Ramesh K. Ramanathan, Karen Lewandowski, Suzanne F. Jones, Mario E. Lacouture, Virginia K. Langmuir, Hank Lee, Stew Kroll, Howard A. Burris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The objectives of this phase 1, first-in-human study were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in patients with advanced solid tumors.TH-302 was administered intravenously over 30 to 60 minutes in two regimens: three times weekly dosing followed by 1 week off (arm A) and every 3-week dosing (arm B).Fifty-seven patients enrolled (arm A: N = 37 and arm B: N = 20). The TH-302 dose was escalated from 7.5 to 670 mg/m(2) in arm A and from 670 to 940 mg/m(2) in arm B. The most common adverse events were nausea, skin rash, fatigue, and vomiting. Hematologic toxicity was mild and limited. Grade 3 skin and mucosal toxicities were dose limiting at 670 mg/m(2) in arm A; the MTD was 575 mg/m(2). In arm B, grade 3 fatigue and grade 3 vaginitis/proctitis were dose limiting at 940 mg/m(2); the MTD was 670 mg/m(2). Plasma concentrations of TH-302 and the active metabolite Br-IPM (brominated version of isophosphoramide mustard) increased proportionally with dose. Two partial responses were noted in patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and melanoma in arm A at 480 and 670 mg/m(2). Stable disease was observed in arms A and B in 18 and 9 patients, respectively.The MTD of TH-302 was 575 mg/m(2) weekly and 670 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks. Skin and mucosal toxicities were DLTs. On the basis of responses in metastatic melanoma and SCLC, further investigations in these indications were initiated.
Sarcoidosis with Atrophic Lesions and Ulcers of the legs
Authors: Donald M. Wujjamson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article Sarcoidosis with Atrophic Lesions and Ulcers of the legs Get access Donald M. Wujjamson Donald M. Wujjamson Consultant Dermatologist Pontefract General Infirmarv Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 1, 1 January 1971, Pages 92–93, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14204.x Published: 01 January 1971