tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital — A Home-Court Advantage?
Authors: S Saint, A S Go, C Frances, L M Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In 1924 the Journal began the weekly publication of the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), with Richard C. Cabot, M.D., as editor. Since then, the clinicopathological conference (CPC), taken from the case records, has continued to challenge its readers and provide insight into manifestations of disease through evaluations by esteemed discussants from various institutions. The CPCs are often used to teach students, residents, and fellows the relevance of scientific principles to clinical care and the importance of logical diagnostic approaches.1 Though the discussion is the main focus of each CPC, everyone wants to see whether the discussant . . .
Consultants have sought to re-examine their contract
Authors: P C Hawker
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—In arguing for a new contract for consultants Richards confuses quality with quantity.1 Although both issues need to be addressed, the way to improve quality is through the more rigorous mechanisms for professional self regulation that are now being put in place. The contract of employment, however, is essentially about the quantum of work to be delivered; self regulation means that employers are then entitled to expect that this work is carried out to the highest standards. Under the …
Real brain waves
Authors: Don M. Tucker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Metaphors, particularly the implicit ones, constrain imagination. If we think of the brain as a collection of centers of cognitive activations, lighting up on demand, then this becomes all we can imagine. By thinking of the cortex as propagating its functional work through physical waves, Nunez offers us a new, rich model for distributed representation. Now let's add real anatomy.
Depressive symptoms as predictors of medical outcomes in HIV infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: C. G. Lyketsos
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To ascertain whether depressive symptoms as determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) predict accelerated mortality and worse medical outcomes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Eight-year cohort study with semiannual follow-up.Community volunteers.A total of 1809 HIV-seropositive homosexual men without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who entered the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in 1984 or 1985. Eight-year follow-up data were available on 75% of eligible participants.Times to AIDS, death, and prophylactic treatment, and slopes describing the decline in CD4 count for each individual participant.Using a conventional definition of depression (CES-D > or = 16 at the first study visit), 21.3% of participants were classified as depressed. Depressed participants had lower CD4 counts and reported more AIDS-related symptoms. There were no significant differences between depressed and nondepressed participants on any of the outcome measures (P > .05 in all cases). In contrast, men reporting AIDS-related symptoms had shorter times to AIDS and to death even after adjusting for CD4 counts (P < .01). The analyses were repeated, with similar results, using different definitions of depression based on the CES-D.We find no evidence that depressive symptoms independently prognosticate worse outcomes in HIV infection. Because of associations of depression with symptom reports, CD4 counts, and indicators of socioeconomic status, future studies of the relationship between depression and HIV outcome should consider these variables as confounders.
The Butterfly Caste: A Social History of Pellagra in the South
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Pellagra, now a rare disease, was a serious health problem in the United States half a century ago. Although well known in Spain and Italy since 1735, pellagra was not diagnosed in this country until 1902. But in the next few years, more and more cases appeared of the "3-D disease"— diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis (including the ugly facial butterfly, from which this book derives its title). In 1921 more than 2,500 Americans died of pellagra. Meanwhile, Joseph Goldberger, an officer of the Public Health Service, was patiently demonstrating that dietary deficiency was the cause. Obviously, improved diet could prevent and cure the condition, but improving the diet of impoverished sharecroppers and millworkers involved tremendous economic and social difficulties. The rise and fall of pellagra, the disputes about its cause, and the social and political struggles form a fascinating story, well told by Elizabeth Etheridge. She is a historian, not
Pemphigus in an Indian mother and daughter
Authors: R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, D.M. LISTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Pemphigus in an Indian mother and daughter Get access R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN, R.A.C. GRAHAM‐BROWN Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Dr R.A.C.Graham‐Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. LISTER D.M. LISTER Department of Dermatology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 2, 1 February 1987, Pages 253–258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05823.x Published: 01 February 1987
Breath Alcohol Values Following Mouthwash Use
Authors: Jack G. Modell
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether breath alcohol values (BrAV) attained following mouthwash use pose a realistic threat to the accuracy of blood alcohol determinations by breath analysis. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nonrandomized, open-label trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Outpatient research office. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Ten normal subjects; convenience sample. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Breath alcohol measurements were made 2, 4, 6, 10, and 15 minutes following rinsing of the mouth with Listerine (29.6% alcohol), Scope (18.9% alcohol), and Lavoris (6.0% alcohol) using the Alco-Sensor III intoximeter. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Breath alcohol values over time. <h3>Results.</h3> —Breath alcohol values following mouthwash use decayed exponentially (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>≥.98,<i>P</i>&lt;.001) from mean values 2 minutes following mouthwash use of 52.8 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) for Listerine, 37.4 mmol/L (170 mg/dL) for Scope, and 7.9 mmol/L (36 mg/dL) for Lavoris to mean and maximum values after 10 minutes that were well below the usual driving-while-intoxicated range (≥17.6 mmol/L [80 mg/ dL]) for all three brands. The nonalcoholic mouthwash ingredients did not significantly affect the BrAVs attained. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The decay of BrAVs following mouthwash use is sufficiently rapid that mouthwash use would not pose a realistic threat to the accuracy of blood alcohol determinations by breath analysis under normal circumstances. Use of mouthwash immediately prior to breath testing, as might occur in the car or workplace in a mistaken attempt to hide the smell of alcohol or other substances, may, however, significantly increase the measured BrAV. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2955-2956)
Abstract IA2: Cell lines as ovarian cancer models: Insights from molecular profiles in TCGA and CCLE
Authors: Nikolaus Schultz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer cell lines are frequently used as in vitro tumor models. Recent molecular profiles of hundreds of cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and thousands of tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) now allow a systematic genomic comparison of cell lines and tumors. We analyzed a panel of 47 ovarian cancer cell lines and identified those that have the highest genetic similarity to ovarian tumors. Our comparison of copy-number changes, mutations and mRNA expression profiles revealed pronounced differences in molecular profiles between commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines and high-grade serous ovarian cancer tumor samples. We identified several rarely used cell lines that more closely resemble cognate tumor profiles than commonly used cell lines, and we propose these lines as the most suitable models of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that the gap between cell lines and tumors can be bridged by genomically informed choices of cell line models for all tumor types. The genomic profiles of these ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor samples can be explored and analyzed via the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (cbioportal.org). Citation Format: Nikolaus Schultz. Cell lines as ovarian cancer models: Insights from molecular profiles in TCGA and CCLE. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA2.
ARMED FORCES' NEED FOR PHYSICIANS
Authors: E. M. Williamson
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Until recently we, the undersigned civilian doctors, had our doubts about the need of the Army for additional Medical Corps officers at the present time. We wondered whether perhaps the Army had not overestimated its needs as a peacetime organization and set its quota on the basis of wartime conditions. We felt that the pre—World War II idea of more than six medical officers to one thousand troop personnel was absurd overstaffing for actual medical needs of a peacetime army—even as an occupation force. We had heard that there were nearly four doctors per thousand soldiers in the European Command, and to us this seemed an excessive number for healthy men when some parts of the United States had less than one doctor per thousand population. Indeed we hardly saw the need for former A.S.T.P. students or other doctors to volunteer now for military service. Within the
Parkinson's disease and exposure to infectious agents and pesticides and the occurrence of brain injuries: role of neuroinflammation.
Authors: Bin Liu, Hui-Ming Gao, Jau-Shyong Hong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating movement disorder characterized by selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Neurodegeneration usually starts in the fifth decade of life and progresses over 5-10 years before reaching the fully symptomatic disease state. Despite decades of intense research, the etiology of sporadic PD and the mechanism underlying the selective neuronal loss remain unknown. However, the late onset and slow-progressing nature of the disease has prompted the consideration of environmental exposure to agrochemicals, including pesticides, as a risk factor. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that early-life occurrence of inflammation in the brain, as a consequence of either brain injury or exposure to infectious agents, may play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. Most important, there may be a self-propelling cycle of inflammatory process involving brain immune cells (microglia and astrocytes) that drives the slow yet progressive neurodegenerative process. Deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing those intricate interactions would significantly advance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of PD and aid the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the disease.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in a Patient with Chronic Berylliosis: Evidence for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: PAUL E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Because immunologic mechanisms are thought to have a role in chronic berylliosis, we studied the immunologic properties of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes in a patient with this disease. Although the percent of peripheral blood T cells was slightly reduced compared with that in controls (59% versus 70%), there was a large increase in the number and proportion (94% versus 62%) of bronchoalveolar T cells. The percent of activated bronchoalveolar T cells was nearly five times the control value (64.5% versus 14%). Both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes proliferated in response to BeSO4 and BeF2 exposure but the response of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes was greater than comparable numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes. These findings are consistent with the concept that chronic berylliosis is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and that bronchoalveolar lavage may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of this disease.
INTRAVENOUS VAGAL NERVE STIMULATION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (AMI) MARKEDLY IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION AND PREVENTS CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Takahiro Arimura, Keita Saku, Takamori Kakino, Takuya Akashi, Takuya Nishikawa, Yoshinori Murayama, Takako Takehara, Takeshi Toyama, Tomomi Ide, Takuya Kishi, Kenji Sunagawa, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Serum levels of trace metals in children with atopic eczema
Authors: T.J. DAVID, F.E. WELLS, T.C. SHARPE, A.C.C. GIBBS, J. DEVLIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Serum levels of trace metals in children with atopic eczema Get access T.J. DAVID, T.J. DAVID Department of Child Health, University of Manchester, U.K. Dr T.J.David, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester M9 2AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.E. WELLS, F.E. WELLS Department of Chemical Pathology, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.C. SHARPE, T.C. SHARPE Faculty of Medicine Computational Group, University of Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C.C. GIBBS, A.C.C. GIBBS Department of Community Medicine, University of Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. DEVLIN J. DEVLIN Department of Child Health, University of Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 4, 1 April 1990, Pages 485–489, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb14725.x Published: 01 April 1990
Panic Attacks and Suicide Attempts in Mid-Adolescence
Authors: Daniel J. Pilowsky, Li-Tzy Wu, James C. Anthony
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of panic attacks and suicide attempts in a community-based sample of 13–14-year-old adolescents. METHOD: The data are from a survey of 1,580 students in an urban public school system located in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Logistic regression methods were used to estimate associations between panic attacks and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. RESULTS: Controlling for demographic factors, major depression, the use of alcohol, and the use of illicit drugs, the authors found that adolescents with panic attacks were three times more likely to have expressed suicidal ideation and approximately two times more likely to have made suicide attempts than were adolescents without panic attacks. CONCLUSIONS: This new epidemiologic research adds to the evidence of an association between panic attacks and suicide attempts during the middle years of adolescence.
Books: Step by Step Guide to Epidemiological Health Needs Assessment for Ethnic Minority Groups Dying, Death and Bereavement in a British Hindu Community
Authors: P. S Gill
Journal: BMJ (1999)

J Mackintosh, R Bhopal, N Unwin, N Ahmad University of Newcastle, $10, pp 99 ISBN 0 7017 0079 3 S Firth Peeters, $17.99, pp240 ISBN 9068319760 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>,![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the NHS we should also reflect on the growth of Britain's black and ethnic minority population. These two elements of modern British society have not only grown up together but are also intimately related. During the late 1940s and ‘50s there was a major recruitment drive of doctors and nurses from Commonwealth countries to work in the “mother country.” Some years later their dependants joined them, and during the 1960s events … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Abstract 1849: Chemopreventive efficacy of naproxen, sulindac, and their nitric oxide-derivatives in the hydroxylbutyl(butyl)nitrosamine induced model of urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Clinton J. Grubbs, Daniel Boring, Vernon E. Steele, Zoe M. Verney, Yian Lu, Ming You, Ronald A. Lubet
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A variety of studies were performed with naproxen (a standard NSAID with a good cardiovascular profile), sulindac, and their nitric oxide (NO)-derivatives. In Fisher 344 rats, OH-BBN (2x/week for 8 weeks by gavage) induced invasive urinary bladder cancers. When treatment was initiated one week following the final dose of OH-BBN, both naproxen (400 ppm) and sulindac (400 ppm) were highly effective preventive agents at these human equivalent doses. The NO-derivatives of each compound (NO-naproxen, 550 ppm and NO-sulindac, 520 ppm) were similarly effective. When the dose of naproxen was decreased from 400 ppm to 75 ppm a strong preventive effect was still observed. This activity was observed even when treatment with naproxen was started 12 weeks after the last OH-BBN treatment; microcarcinomas already existed at this time. In an attempt to make a more direct comparison between the human and rat data, animals were treated with 40 mg/kg BW/day of naproxen by gavage. Similar to the dietary dose of 400 ppm, the agent was highly effective; however, gavaging the rats permitted more direct comparison of the pharmacokinetics observed in the rat with known results in humans. In contrast to the naproxen data, reducing the dose of sulindac from 400 to 150 ppm, a dose comparable to the human dose employed by Meyskens, et al. (Cancer Prevention Res. 1:32-38, 2008), resulted in only limited activity. Finally, the effects of naproxen and NO-naproxen on modulation of gene expression in the livers of treated rats were determined. Limited, but similar, gene expression changes induced by both agents were observed. Interestingly, neither agent induced the antioxidant response element genes [e.g., GST Pi, quinone oxidoreductase, aldo keto reductase A37 (aflatoxicol)] that one might have expected to be highly induced by free NO. Supported by the NCI contract number HHSN261200433001C. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1849. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1849
Characterization of the cardiac KCNE1 gene promoter
Authors: Z MUSTAPHA, L PANG, S NATTEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

KCNE1 encodes an essential cardiac slow delayed-rectifier potassium current (I(Ks)) beta-subunit (minK). Varying minK expression is important in disease-related remodeling and species-dependent expression. This study addressed 5'-regulatory elements that potentially control KCNE1 transcription.The transcriptional start site of human KCNE1 (HKCNE1) was determined with 5'RACE. Of four isoforms, the putative promoter driving the isoforms constituting >80% expression in human hearts was further analyzed. A 1625-bp region 5' to the transcriptional start site was subcloned into luciferase-reporter plasmid (PGL3-Basic). The full promoter sequence increased luciferase expression 31-fold in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRMs). A much smaller 327-bp core promoter maintained activity 21-29 fold. The core promoter conferred cardiomyocyte-preferential expression, with an activity in NRMs 4.9-fold greater than in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHOs), compared to approximately 2.0 for the full-length promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of all three GATA elements in the core promoter reduced its activity by >50% and attenuated cardiomyocyte-preferential expression. Mutagenesis of the second GATA element alone decreased promoter activity by approximately 50%. GATA4 knockdown with siRNA inhibited approximately 40% of core promoter activity in NRMs. Angiotensin-II increased HKCNE1 promoter activity, but only in the presence of intact GATA elements. The typically low-level I(Ks) expression in mouse and rabbit is related to low minK expression. Cloning of the mouse KCNE1 (MKCNE1) 5'-regulatory region showed approximately 50% sequence identity to human. MKCNE1 had only 1 GATA element in the region corresponding to the human core promoter and had less promoter activity (11.7 vs 29.0-fold PGL3-Basic for human).Promoter elements in the HKCNE1 5'-end, particularly GATA binding sites, may be important in tissue, disease and species-related transcriptional regulation of I(Ks).
BCG vaccination and health care workers.
Authors: J Germanaud
Journal: BMJ (1993)

would like to see improved access to high quality audiological and otolaryngological assessment.5By ignoring the complex natural course,' however, they mistakenly assume that, because waiting times are often considerable, children who present with effusion have had glue ear for some time and will continue to do so without treatment.Watchful waiting is more likely to establish persistence and reduce the unacceptably high dry tap rates reported in several of the studies reviewed.
Pulmonary Function Abnormalities in Thalassemia Major: To the Editor
Authors: Francesca Santamaria, Maria Pia Villa, Roberto Ronchetti
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"Pulmonary Function Abnormalities in Thalassemia Major: To the Editor." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(3_pt_1), p. 919
Southampton: the first years. II-Systems courses.
Authors: J B Howell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In traditional medical curricula, anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology are presented as individual courses, some concurrently and some sequentially, usually by different departments.The student himself is expected to undertake the horizontal integration of such courses and to develop an under- standing of the different systems of the body in health and disease.An alternative method that has been adopted in South- ampton is to teach all aspects of each system in an integrated manner.
Efinaconazole 10% solution in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis: Two phase III multicenter, randomized, double-blind studies
Authors: Boni E. Elewski, Phoebe Rich, Richard Pollak, David M. Pariser, Shinichi Watanabe, Hisato Senda, Chikara Ieda, Kathleen Smith, Radhakrishnan Pillai, Tage Ramakrishna, Jason T. Olin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction
Authors: D G Julian
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—In writing about secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction D L Whitford and A J Southern state that “s blockers should be given to all patients except those with active reversible airways disease, heart block, or heart failure, and treatment should be continued for at least one year and up to six years in …