tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sustained hypothyroidism induced by recombinant alpha interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Authors: P Marcellin, M Pouteau, P Renard, J M Grynblat, N Colas Linhart, P Bardet, B Bok, J P Benhamou
Journal: Gut (1992)

Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in patients with malignant disease treated with recombinant alpha interferon. Two cases of hypothyroidism in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha interferon are reported. In one patient, interferon induced hypothyroidism in the absence of pre-existing thyroid dysfunction and in the other it aggravated a pre-existing thyroid dysfunction. Both patients developed a severe, sustained hypothyroidism requiring thyroxine treatment for one year or more after stopping alpha interferon. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism during treatment can be difficult because of the common side effects of alpha interferon. Thyroid function should be assessed before and during alpha interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
The Heart and Lung Waiting Room
Authors: Teresa Starr
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Lipid Levels in Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Diabetic Coma
Authors: P. D. Bewsher, J. C. Petrie, H. G. J. Worth
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Levels of serum lipids were measured in two patients with hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. Each lipid fraction was raised in a patient with severe hyperglycaemia and the degree of disturbance was less in a patient with moderate hyperglycaemia. The studies suggest that a block in the hepatic uptake of free fatty acids is not the explanation for the lack of ketosis.
Structure of the gamma/delta T cell receptor of a human thymocyte clone.
Authors: A Okada, I Bank, L Rogozinski, Y Takihara, T W Mak, L Chess, F W Alt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The CD3+, IL-2-dependent normal human thymocyte clone, CII, expresses on its surface a CD3-associated gamma/delta TCR. We have further elucidated the structure of this receptor from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA and genomic clones from CII that encode functional TCR-gamma and -delta chains. We find that the CII line expresses a C gamma 2 constant region that is a polymorphic form lacking a copy of an internal exon; the sequence of this constant region accounts for the size of the gamma chain and noncovalent linkage of gamma and delta chains in the CII TCR. The V gamma region used for the CII TCR is identical to the several previously characterized expressed human V gamma segments. Possible implications of this finding are discussed.
Coronary Calcium, as Determined by Electron Beam Computed Tomography, and Coronary Disease on Arteriogram
Authors: John A. Rumberger, Patrick F. Sheedy, Jerome F. Breen, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Coronary artery calcium identified by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) has potential for noninvasive localization of coronary atherosclerotic disease. However, the effect of a patient’s sex on its diagnostic capability has not been examined in a clinical population. Methods and Results Fifty women and 89 men had EBCT scans done an average of 1 day after coronary arteriography. Maximum arteriographic percent luminal diameter stenosis of any artery was paired with the total EBCT coronary calcium score for each subject. The women (age, 56±11 years [mean±SD]) were older than the men (age, 47±7 years), but the subjects were matched for indications for arteriography and extent of disease as assessed by arteriography. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for coronary calcium were nearly identical for men and women, regardless of the degree of arteriographic disease. EBCT was highly sensitive to the presence of arteriographic disease (range, 94% to 100%), but had only moderate specificity (57% to 66%) for significant disease (≥50% stenosis) and low specificity (35% to 38%) for any arteriographic disease (&gt;0% stenosis). Negative predictive values in men and women ranged from 79% to 91% for any arteriographic disease and from 95% to 100% for significant disease, respectively. Numerical calcium scores were significantly different between subjects with normal arteriograms and those with significant disease; however, calcium score had limited power to separate trivial, moderate, and significant disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve areas, determined as an extension of the analyses of sensitivity and specificity, were high for EBCT-defined calcium scores for both any arteriographic disease and significant arteriographic disease, and were not different between the sexes. Conclusions In a middle-aged population, noninvasive definition of coronary calcium by EBCT has similar predictive value for arteriographic coronary artery disease in men and women.
Some Observations on the Recent Food-Rationing Program
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

ON March 1, 1943, this country entered a revolutionary period in its history, for on that day it embarked on a food-rationing program that was to last two and three-quarter years, and on which the final word has not yet been spoken. Then, as the Journal of the American Medical Association phrased it, "the public's traditional peacetime latitude of dietary choice, limited only by ability to pay, was abruptly curtailed," and the Office of Price Administration became the official agency to administer the new program of point rationing.Sugar, a luxury article of diet, had already been rationed for nearly . . .
Improving Evidence-Based Care for Heart Failure in Outpatient Cardiology Practices
Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, Nancy M. Albert, Anne B. Curtis, Wendy Gattis Stough, Mihai Gheorghiade, J. Thomas Heywood, Mark L. McBride, Patches Johnson Inge, Mandeep R. Mehra, Christopher M. O'Connor, Dwight Reynolds, Mary Norine Walsh, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— A treatment gap exists between heart failure (HF) guidelines and the clinical care of patients. The Registry to Improve the Use of Evidence-Based Heart Failure Therapies in the Outpatient Setting (IMPROVE HF) prospectively tested a multidimensional practice-specific performance improvement intervention on the use of guideline-recommended therapies for HF in outpatient cardiology practices. Methods and Results— Performance data were collected in a random sample of HF patients from 167 US outpatient cardiology practices at baseline, longitudinally after intervention at 12 and 24 months, and in single-point-in-time patient cohorts at 6 and 18 months. Participants included 34 810 patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤35%) and chronic HF or previous myocardial infarction. To quantify guideline adherence, 7 quality measures were assessed. Interventions included clinical decision support tools, structured improvement strategies, and chart audits with feedback. The performance improvement intervention resulted in significant improvements in 5 of 7 quality measures at the 24-month assessment compared with baseline: β-blocker (92.2% versus 86.0%, +6.2%), aldosterone antagonist (60.3% versus 34.5%, +25.1%), cardiac resynchronization therapy (66.3% versus 37.2%, +29.9%), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (77.5% versus 50.1%, +27.4%), and HF education (72.1% versus 59.5%, +12.6%) (each P &lt;0.001). There were no statistically significant improvements in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use or anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. Sensitivity analyses at the patient level and limited to patients with both baseline and 24-month quality measure data yielded similar results. Improvements in the single-point-in-time cohorts were smaller, and there were no concurrent control practices. Conclusions— The Registry to Improve the Use of Evidence-Based Heart Failure Therapies in the Outpatient Setting, a defined and scalable practice-specific performance improvement intervention, was associated with substantial improvements in the use of guideline-recommended therapies in eligible patients with HF in outpatient cardiology practices. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00303979.
The psychology of the injury-prone athlete.
Authors: F. H. Sanderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

Competing in sport or the expectation of competing, by the inner conflict it creates, can induce high levels of stress in athletes.This is particularly likely amongst those who are highly driven and psychologically vulnerable.The stress-prone athlete is identified by his emotional vulnerability, easy loss of composure, negative thinking, underlain by various kinds of fears or phobias.There is in fact evidence of a link between trait anxiety and the incidence of injury.Reilly (1975) in relating personality variables to incidence of injuries in professional soccer, found a positive relationship between appre- hensiveness and the number of joint injuries per season.This was tentatively interpreted as evidence of the desirability of commitment in tackles rather than the halfheartedness one might expect from an anxiety-prone athlete.Various kinds of injury-prone athletes can be identified, with conflict and anxiety being prominent causal factors in almost every case. Injury Resulting from Counter-PhobiaTypical of this type is the individual who finds the aggression-loaded atmosphere of competitive sport anxiety- inducing and he attempts to counteract the anxiety by meeting it head-on, by being overtly aggressive and fearless.Many individuals in high risk sports such as downhill skiing, boxing and motor racing, are of this type. Injury as a Sign of MasculinityAn injury-prone type who may have counter-phobic tendencies is the athlete who uses injuries as a testimony to his courage and masculinity.He lacks real confidence, needing the visible signs of battle to confirm his manhood.
Electronic Alerts to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Nils Kucher, Sophia Koo, Rene Quiroz, Joshua M. Cooper, Marilyn D. Paterno, Boris Soukonnikov, Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients remains underused. We hypothesized that the use of a computer-alert program to encourage prophylaxis might reduce the frequency of deep-vein thrombosis among high-risk hospitalized patients.We developed a computer program linked to the patient database to identify consecutive hospitalized patients at risk for deep-vein thrombosis in the absence of prophylaxis. The program used medical-record numbers to randomly assign 1255 eligible patients to an intervention group, in which the responsible physician was alerted to a patient's risk of deep-vein thrombosis, and 1251 patients to a control group, in which no alert was issued. The physician was required to acknowledge the alert and could then withhold or order prophylaxis, including graduated compression stockings, pneumatic compression boots, unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or warfarin. The primary end point was clinically diagnosed, objectively confirmed deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism at 90 days.More patients in the intervention group than in the control group received mechanical prophylaxis (10.0 percent vs. 1.5 percent, P<0.001) or pharmacologic prophylaxis (23.6 percent vs. 13.0 percent, P<0.001). The primary end point occurred in 61 patients (4.9 percent) in the intervention group, as compared with 103 (8.2 percent) in the control group; the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the likelihood of freedom from deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism at 90 days were 94.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 92.5 to 95.4 percent) and 90.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 88.7 to 92.2 percent), respectively (P<0.001). The computer alert reduced the risk of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism at 90 days by 41 percent (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.81; P=0.001).The institution of a computer-alert program increased physicians' use of prophylaxis and markedly reduced the rates of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among hospitalized patients at risk.
Abstract 4923: Understanding cancer invasion by the systems biological analysis of collective cell migration in 3D tissue models
Authors: Niels Grabe, Kai Safferling, Kathi Westphal, Carito Guziolowski, Aristotelis Kittas, Claudia Ernst, Niels Halama, Dirk Jaeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Collective migration is essential for morphogenesis and wound repair in healthy tissue as well as for tissue invasion in cancer. In such migration cells move in supracellular, cadherin mediated units opposed to isolated ameoboid or mesenchymal movements. Understanding collective migration in healthy epithelia is a prerequisite for dissecting and analyzing invasion in carcinoma. We have set up a novel, easily reproducible 3D in vitro wound model of epidermal regeneration. The model is based on commercial tissue cultures and can thus be reproducibly manufactured in larger quantities. We used our model for a systematic analysis of wound reepithelialization by measuring cytokines and mRNA expression. Using virtual microscopy we could quantitatively capture the cellular intra-tissue streams during reepithelialization. We integrated our data in a systems biological multi-scale model. Our results uncover a sequence of different types of collective epithelial migration which occur during wound healing in an orchestrated manner. In cancer invasion these mechanisms are hijacked by the tumor in an emergent malignant exploit of the intrinsically healthy processes of epithelial morphogenesis and repair. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4923. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4923
Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA1c. IOEZ Study Group.
Authors: E J Bastyr, C A Stuart, R G Brodows, S Schwartz, C J Graf, A Zagar, K E Robertson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the overall efficacy of combination therapies focused on fasting or postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes not adequately controlled with oral sulfonylurea agents alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 135 patients were randomly assigned for 3 months to 1 of 3 combination regimens with glyburide (G) that addressed postprandial blood glucose with insulin lispro (L+G), premeal blood glucose with metformin (M+G), or fasting blood glucose (FBG) with bedtime NPH insulin (NPH+G). RESULTS: At end point, HbA1c was significantly lower with all therapies (P = 0.001) and was significantly lower for L+G (7.68+/-0.88%) compared with either NPH+G (8.51+/-1.38%, P = 0.003) or M+G (8.31+/-1.31%, P = 0.025). FBG at end point was significantly lower for NPH+G (8.49+/-2.36 mmol/l) compared with either L+G (10.57+/-1.97 mmol/l, P = 0.001) or M+G (9.69+/-2.89 mmol/l, P = 0.029). The mean 2-h postprandial glucose after a test meal was significantly lower for L+G (10.87+/-2.88 mmol/l) versus NPH+G (12.21+/-3.12 mmol/, P = 0.052) or versus M+G (12.72+/-3.26 mmol/l, P = 0.009). The overall rate of hypoglycemia (episodes per 30 days) was low and not statistically significant between groups (P = 0.156). CONCLUSIONS: Adding a second antihyperglycemic agent, regardless of its timing of action, lowers HbA1c and glucose values. However, when insulin lispro was used to focus on postprandial blood glucose, there was a greater impact on overall metabolic control. These data support the importance of lowering postprandial blood glucose to optimize overall glycemic control and thus improve long-term outcomes.
Reducing environment protects sinusoidal lymphocytes isolated from normal human liver from apoptosis
Authors: Koichi Kinoshita, Michiyuki Kanai, Masaaki Awane, Keizo Furuke, Yoshiharu Shirakata, Takashi Gomi, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Iwao Ikai, Akira Yamauchi, Takashi Inamoto, Katsuyuki Ohmori, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Epidemiology and Molecular Pathology of Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: E. C. Lazcano-Ponce, J. F. Miquel, N. Munoz, R. Herrero, C. Ferrecio, I. I. Wistuba, P. Alonso de Ruiz, G. Aristi Urista, F. Nervi
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Gallbladder cancer is usually associated with gallstone disease, late diagnosis, unsatisfactory treatment, and poor prognosis. We report here the worldwide geographical distribution of gallbladder cancer, review the main etiologic hypotheses, and provide some comments on perspectives for prevention. The highest incidence rate of gallbladder cancer is found among populations of the Andean area, North American Indians, and Mexican Americans. Gallbladder cancer is up to three times higher among women than men in all populations. The highest incidence rates in Europe are found in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Incidence rates in other regions of the world are relatively low. The highest mortality rates are also reported from South America, 3.5–15.5 per 100,000 among Chilean Mapuche Indians, Bolivians, and Chilean Hispanics. Intermediate rates, 3.7 to 9.1 per 100,000, are reported from Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Brazil. Mortality rates are low in North America, with the exception of high rates among American Indians in New Mexico (11.3 per 100,000) and among Mexican Americans. The main associated risk factors identified so far include cholelithiasis (especially untreated chronic symptomatic gallstones), obesity, reproductive factors, chronic infections of the gallbladder, and environmental exposure to specific chemicals. These suspected factors likely represent promoters of carcinogenesis. The main limitations of epidemiologic studies on gallbladder cancer are the small sample sizes and specific problems in quantifying exposure to putative risk factors. The natural history of gallbladder disease should be characterized to support the allocation of more resources for early treatment of symptomatic gallbladder disease in high–risk populations. Secondary prevention of gallbladder cancer could be effective if supported by cost–effective studies of prophylactic cholecystectomy among asymptomatic gallstone patients in high–risk areas.
Reducing Side Effects in Ketamine Anesthesia
Authors: E. J. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report on the work of Dr. Albin and associates in the MEDICAL NEWS section (226:414, 1973) suggested that tetrahydroaminacrine (THA) can lessen the recovery time and reduce the severity of the emergence reactions in dogs. Certain other features of the pharmacology of THA need emphasis, especially when orientated to anesthesia. The stimulating or the arousal effect of THA is nonspecific and is known to shorten the sleeping time after barbiturates, morphine, or general anesthesia. Its central nervous stimulating action was described by Shaw and Bentley (1952).<sup>1</sup>Stone et al combined THA with morphine to reduce the respiratory depression in the treatment of intractable pain.<sup>2</sup>They noticed that the patients were more awake and alert. They called it a partial antagonist since it did not nullify the pain relief entirely, as compared with other narcotic antagonists such as naloxone. Studies to determine whether the antipsychotic
Essentials of Tropical Infectious Diseases
Authors: Francis D. Pien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes2 July 2002Essentials of Tropical Infectious DiseasesFrancis D. Pien, MDFrancis D. Pien, MDUniversity of Hawaii-John A. Burns School of Medicine, Straub Clinic and Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. 665 pages. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 2001. $139.00. ISBN 0443079099. Order phone 800-543-1918.Field of medicine: Tropical medicine and infectious diseases.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Tropical disease and travel medicine specialists, infectious disease specialists, and practitioners residing in tropical areas.Purpose: To provide medical practitioners with clinically relevant information for the evaluation, care, and treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens of the tropics.Content: The first section discusses the approach to the patient's symptoms, including chapters on fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin diseases, eosinophilia, eye disease, anemia, HIV, and health advice for ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Hawaii-John A. Burns School of Medicine, Straub Clinic and Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 July 2002Volume 137, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsHerbal medicineHospital medicineInfectious diseasesMicrobiologyParasitologyPathogensSkin diseasesSoftware toolsTropical diseasesViral pathogens ePublished: 2 July 2002 Issue Published: 2 July 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...