tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3833: A novel 3D remodelable hydrogel for bioengineering tumor .
Authors: Bo Han, Josephine Fang, Zhi Yang, Marcel Nimni, Charisse Tayag
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The need for new tools and technologies to decrease the cost of drug discovery and reduce animal testing has long been recognized. Three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures have great potential for reducing costly late-stage drug failures by providing an in vivo-like early stage evaluation of efficacy and toxicity. We have developed a novel 3D culture system, which will serve as a simple and rapid method to examine cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tissue formation in a physiologically relevant 3-D environment, similar to the in vivo setting, than standard 2-D arrays. This transglutaminase crosslinked gelatin (T-gel) system provides a native ECM scaffold for cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction; its transparency property enables routine observation with ease; the proteolysis sensitivity scaffold supports cell migration and invasion; the controllable rigidity mimics physiological and pathological environments. Importantly, 3D gel models have great potential as drug evaluation tools as they exhibit in vivo-like cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction, possess metabolic, proliferative and diffusion gradients. It is simple to use on a large scale. Compare to Matrigel, Tgel is with well defined ingredients, wide range of handling properties, easy to prepare at room temperature, and little batch to batch variation. It supports both anchorage dependent and independent cell growth due to hydrogel and natural ECM network properties. We make 3D cultures more relevant by including two or more cell types in different configurations co-cultures. Cells can be tracked on their formation of aggregates, migration (individual or collective), invasion direction (random or directional), speed, and responses to hypoxic and nutritional gradients. At the end of test, viable cells can be easily removed from the 3D T-gel for further experimentation. T-gel can also be used as a carrier for xenograft tumor formation in nude mice models. Other applications include cell growth and differentiation studies, metabolism/toxicology Studies, in vitro/vivo angiogenesis assay, hESC and iPSC culture and Differentiation. Citation Format: Bo Han, Josephine Fang, Zhi Yang, Marcel Nimni, Charisse Tayag. A novel 3D remodelable hydrogel for bioengineering tumor . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3833. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3833
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER.
Authors: VAN BUREN KNOTT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Surgical interference for the relief of the ulcer of the stomach and its complications, although of comparatively recent date, has by the brilliancy of its results become a well established procedure and promises much for the future. In considering its applicability I shall be as brief as possible, dwelling only on those conditions in which it has been proven of unquestionable value. Although the radical cure of gastric ulcer has been advocated, and attempted by excision of the ulcer itself, the results have not as yet justified the adoption of this measure as the routine treatment for this condition, nor is it warranted by statistics, as according to Welch about 85 per cent. of all cases of ulcer of the stomach heal spontaneously. Therefore, I shall in this paper consider the value of surgical interference in those cases of gastric ulcer complicated by one or more of the following conditions:
Peripheral blood and tumor biomarkers in patients with advanced melanoma treated with combination nivolumab (anti-PD-1, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) and ipilimumab
Authors: Margaret K Callahan, Christine E Horak, Michael A Curran, Travis Hollman, David A Schaer, Jianda Yuan, Alexander M Lesokhin, Shigehisa Kitano, Quan Hong, Charlotte E Ariyan, Klaus J Busam, William Feely, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Joseph Grosso, Jason S Simon, Alan J Korman, Jon M Wigginton, Ashok K Gupta, Xiaoling Zhang, Therese Phillips, Pauline Simmons, Mario Sznol, Jedd D Wolchok
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) receptors are immune checkpoint receptors involved in tumor immune evasion. Nivolumab and ipilimumab are fully human monoclonal PD-1 and CTLA-4 blocking antibodies, respectively, and have shown clinical
Rising health costs in Massachusetts suggest trouble for national reforms
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Reform of the healthcare payment system in Massachusetts ground to a halt last week as stakeholders clashed over how to control rising costs. 

In 2006 the state passed legislation to promote universal access to health care by creating various insurance schemes, including a plan that is partially subsidised by the state. Residents are required to buy one of the plans or pay a penalty of up to $1068 (£710; €850). By 2009 roughly two thirds, or 450 000, of the state’s 650 000 uninsured people had bought health insurance.

Although the Massachusetts plan was supposed to reduce costs—in part by reducing emergency care and hospitalisations—costs continued to rise, and the state was forced to impose new taxes. In August 2008 the state governor, Deval Patrick, imposed $100m in fees on private …
Abstract 3464: Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy induces cell death in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Mariko Newton, Bradley White, Vincent Rossi, Paige J. Baugher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a localized cancer treatment that requires a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen, and light to induce cell death. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT utilizes ALA as an inert precursor to the required PS. Subsequent to cellular uptake ALA is converted to a PS, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), in the mitochondria via the heme pathway. The excitation of PpIX by light can then result in the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to direct tumor cell death, damage to the microvasculature, and induction of local inflammatory response. Interestingly, PDT can evoke apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death pathways within the same cell population. The balance between apoptosis and necrosis depends on several parameters, including the total PDT dose, the intracellular localization of the PS, the fluence rate, and the cell type. Recent studies show that the cell death mechanism induced has a direct influence on the systemic immune response. Therefore, a better understanding of the interplay between different cell death mechanisms in response to PDT could lead to improved tumor response and could inform better therapeutic strategies. We first determined the cytotoxicity of ALA to the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. PDT is a relatively unexplored method of treatment for human osteosarcoma, and could represent a superior method to existing therapies. Data from our lab show that ALA is not significantly cytotoxic to MG-63 cells, and that it is efficiently converted to PpIX within 24 hours of treatment. We also demonstrate that ALA-mediated PDT significantly induces cell death in MG-63 cells, and that cell death increases with increased ALA concentration and light fluence. Our findings indicate that this cell death results from a combination of both apoptosis and necrosis, with necrosis representing the major pathway. Finally, we show that increased light fluence decreases the amount of observed apoptosis subsequent to ALA-mediated PDT. These results taken together suggest that ALA-mediated PDT can induce cell death in human osteosarcoma cells, and that most cells are dying by necrosis. Furthermore, our data suggests that by adjusting specific therapeutic parameters, we can shift the balance between separate death pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3464. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3464
Reversal of segmental hypokinesis by coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina, persistent T wave inversion, and left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis. Additional evidence for myocardial stunning in humans.
Authors: J Renkin, W Wijns, Z Ladha, J Col
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To evaluate the significance of persistent negative T waves during severe ischemia, we prospectively studied 62 patients admitted for unstable angina without evidence of recent or ongoing myocardial infarction. A critical stenosis on the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), considered as the culprit lesion, was successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The patients were divided into two groups according to the admission electrocardiogram: T NEG group (n = 32) had persistent negative T waves, and the T POS group (n = 30) had normal positive T waves on precordial leads. The two groups had similar baseline clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic characteristics. All patients underwent a complete clinical and angiographic evaluation (coronary arteriography and left ventriculography) before undergoing PTCA and 8 +/- 3 months later. Left ventricular anterior wall motion was evaluated by the percent shortening of three areas (S1, S2, and S3) considered as LAD-related segments on left ventriculograms. Before PTCA, there was no significant difference in global ejection fraction between the two groups despite a significant depression in anterior mean percent area shortening in the T NEG compared with the T POS group (S1, 44 versus 54, p less than 0.01; S2, 39 versus 48, p less than 0.01; S3, 44 versus 50, NS). At repeated angiography, the anterior mean percent area shortening improved significantly in the T NEG group (S1, from 44 to 61, p less than 0.001; S2, from 39 to 58, p less than 0.001; S3, from 44 to 61, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of early arterial disease: a study using Doppler waveform analysis
Authors: W B. CAMPBELL, R. SKIDMORE, J. P WOODCOCK, R. N BAIRD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Laplace transform analysis of arterial Doppler waveforms was examined for its potential in identifying subjects with early, pre-symptomatic arterial disease. Ninety men, aged 45 to 62, and with no history of cardiovascular disease, were selected from a population of 2300 involved in a longitudinal study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Forty-nine were selected on the basis of high values of Laplace delta, omega o, or both, and 41 were selected with "normal" values. Three years after initial screening examination, each was examined clinically and by exercise testing for evidence of arterial disease, and the waveform recordings were repeated. In the group with high waveform analysis values initially, 11 of 49 (22%) were found to have signs of arterial disease 3 years later, while among those with lower values only 2 of 41 (5%) had evidence of disease (p less than 0.05). Although variability of results obviates their use in monitoring the progress of individual subjects, this study supports the potential of Doppler waveform analysis for identifying a group of subjects with a high incidence of early arterial disease.
749. Characterization of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Expression in Normal, Wounded and Wound Impaired Skin
Authors: Danling Gu, David Looper, David W. Kang, Diane McAllister, Erlinda Quijano, Shu Fen Wen, Monica L. Zepeda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Understanding where genes are being expressed in normal, wounded and wound impaired skin, along with the duration of expression after transduction by recombinant adenovirus (rAd) is an important factor relevant to gene therapy strategies. Recombinant adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAd-GFP), or platelet-derived growth factor-B (rAd-PDGF-B), was intradermally or topically administrated into either mouse or rabbit non-ischemic or ischemic ear skin. Quantitative characterization of GFP expression with or without wounds was performed in these animal models. Mice and rabbits received 3x1010 and 3|[times]|109 viral particles of rAd-GFP per injection site or wound, respectively. We observed reproducible differences in gene expression profiles in wounded and wound impaired skin when compared to normal skin. GFP expression was visible from 1-7 days post intradermal injection, with a decrease in visual expression after day 5 in normal skin of mice and rabbits. Gene expression was extended by 1 day in the mouse skin punch model. In the rabbit ischemic ear model, the onset of rAd-GFP expression was delayed 1-3 days as compared with non-ischemic conditions. Interestingly, GFP expression was visibly brighter, covered a larger area and lasted approximately 1.4-fold (no wounds) or 4-fold longer (with wounds) in the ischemic ear when compared with non-ischemic conditions after intradermal or topical delivery, respectively. Quantitative analyses of normal mouse skin tissue and rabbit ischemic ear wound bed tissue by PCR and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of rAd-PDGF-B RNA out to 14 and 21 days, respectively. In summary, increased gene expression, larger visual area and longer duration of gene expression under hypoxic wound environments may be beneficial for gene therapy in chronic wound healing.
Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Given for Neuroprotection Before Preterm Birth&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Caroline A. Crowther
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Prenatal magnesium sulfate may reduce the risk of cerebral palsy or death in very preterm infants.To determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate given for neuroprotection to women at risk of preterm birth before 30 weeks' gestation in preventing pediatric mortality and cerebral palsy.Randomized controlled trial at 16 tertiary hospitals in Australia and New Zealand with stratification by center and multiple pregnancy. A total of 1062 women with fetuses younger than 30 weeks' gestation for whom birth was planned or expected within 24 hours were enrolled from February 1996 to September 2000 with follow-up of surviving children at a corrected age of 2 years.Women were randomly assigned to receive a loading infusion of 8 mL (4 g [16 mmol] of 0.5 g/mL of magnesium sulfate solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution [0.9%]) for 20 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of 2 mL/h for up to 24 hours.Rates of total pediatric mortality, cerebral palsy, and the combined outcome of death or cerebral palsy at a corrected age of 2 years.Data were analyzed for 1047 (99%) 2-year survivors. Total pediatric mortality (13.8% vs 17.1%; relative risk [RR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.09), cerebral palsy in survivors (6.8% vs 8.2%; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.54-1.27), and combined death or cerebral palsy (19.8% vs 24.0%; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.66-1.03) were less frequent for infants exposed to magnesium sulfate, but none of the differences were statistically significant. Substantial gross motor dysfunction (3.4% vs 6.6%; RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.91) and combined death or substantial gross motor dysfunction (17.0% vs 22.7%; RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96) were significantly reduced in the magnesium group.Magnesium sulfate given to women immediately before very preterm birth may improve important pediatric outcomes. No serious harmful effects were seen.
The Social Responsibilities of Health Professionals
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The actions of health professionals in Nazi Germany are being extensively discussed during this 50th anniversary year of the Doctors Trial at Nuremberg. Much of the discussion has centered on medical experimentation on prisoners in the Nazi death camps. The Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki, and other codes that in part arose from the trial have assumed major importance in the design of research on humans, the selection of subjects and the assurance of their free and informed consent, and reporting the results of the research. 1   German health professionals participated in or passively accepted the rise of Nazi Germany. 2-9 As described elsewhere in this issue by Barondess, 10 and based on the work of Lifton 4 and Proctor, 5,6 efforts to achieve racial hygiene in Germany included the sterilization of an estimated 200000 to 400000 Germans 4-6 and the practice of euthanasia to exterminate life unworthy of
Predictive Validity of Certification by the American Board of Internal Medicine
Authors: Paul G. Ramsey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the predictive validity of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) certification process. Design: Prospective measurement of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 185 ABIM-certified and 74 noncertified internists by a written examination; evaluation by professional associates; a patient questionnaire assessing satisfaction with care, physician's counseling role, and preventive care; and review of records of patients with common illnesses. Subjects: Practicing internists who completed training or received ABIM certification 5 to 10 years previously. Setting: Office-based practices in six western states. Results of Data Analysis: Physicians certified by the ABIM had significantly higher scores on the written examination than the noncertified physicians, and scores on our examination correlated highly with the ABIM certification examination (r = 0.73). Ratings of clinical skills by professional associates were significantly higher for certified internists and also correlated highly with ABIM examination scores (r = 0.53 to 0.59). Regression analysis showed that ABIM certification status was the major variable affecting performance on these measures of clinical competence. Results from other measures did not show many differences between certified and noncertified physicians in the care of patients with common illnesses, but modest differences in preventive care and a few differences in outcome favored the certified physicians. Conclusions: Comparison of findings from the written examination and the professional associate ratings with certification status and original ABIM certification examination scores shows predictive validity of ABIM certification. Further studies are needed to determine if certification status predicts important differences in the care of patients with complex illnesses.
Starch Gastrolith
Authors: J. D. Allan, James Woodruff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE term "bezoar" was derived from either an ancient Arabian or Persian word meaning "antidote." Concretions from the alimentary canals of animals were thought to have medicinal properties, and they were frequently used as an antidote for poison and protection from pestilential diseases. When worn as charms, they supposedly warded off evil spirits and were thus more precious than gold even up to the eighteenth century. Syrian and Persian goat stomachs were the main source of the oriental bezoar, which consisted of cholesterol, bile pigments and salts. The less highly prized occidental types, composed of calcium and magnesium phosphate, came . . .
Fatal Impact — Concussion of the Heart
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

When he died on a winter evening in 1995, Matthew Messing was only 16 years old. It happened while he was playing in a high-school ice-hockey game in Quincy, Massachusetts. The referee said the boy was hit squarely in the chest by an opponent during a routine body-checking maneuver. The spectators noticed nothing unusual about the check; hockey players are hit like this all the time in competition. The boy was thrown to the ice, and he made a feeble effort to get up but fell back, his young body lifeless. It was over in an instant, as though he . . .
HE UTILITY OF A NOVEL OFF-LINE APPROACH TO QUANTIFY DYSSYNCHRONY FROM ROUTINE CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES: COMPARISON WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SPECKLE TRACKING
Authors: Toshinari Onishi, Samir K. Saha, Daniel Ludwig, Tetsuari Onishi, Mohamed Ahmed, Josef Marek, David Schwartzman, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Primary pulmonary hypertension, tissue plasminogen activator antibodies, and HLA-DQ7.
Authors: J H Morse, R J Barst, M Fotino, Y Zhang, E Flaster, A E Gharavi, M J Fritzler, M Dominguez, E Angles-Cano
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Antibodies to fibrin-bound tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) have been found in autoimmune diseases with vascular injury, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) have an immunogenetically determined response to fibrin-bound tPA. Antibodies to fibrin-bound tPA were determined in three patient groups: 45 adults with PPH, 41 children with PPH, and 40 children with anatomically large congenital pulmonary to systemic communications (PHT+shunt). The frequencies of the HLA class II (DRB1,3,4,5, and -DQB1) alleles in these three patient groups were compared with those of 51 healthy Caucasian control subjects. Fibrin-bound tPA antibodies were found in four of 45 (9%) adults with PPH, four of 41 (10%) children with PPH, and one of 40 (2.5%) children with PHT-shunt. HLA class II typing, which was available for seven of nine Caucasians with fibrin-bound tPA antibodies, revealed that six of seven (86%) patients typed HLA-DQ7 (DQB1*0301) and one typed HLA-DQ6. The 86% frequency of HLA-DQ7 in the antibody positive patients was significant compared with the 29% frequency in the healthy control subjects (p = 0.007, p corrected [pc] = 0.05, OR = 14.4). Of interest, these antibody-positive patients, although lacking antiphospholipid antibodies, shared an amino acid epitope, common to HLA-DQB1*06,07 and 08 subtypes, which was previously reported to be associated with the lupus anticoagulant. In conclusion, antibodies to fibrin-bound tPA and HLA-DQ7, and possibly the same epitope associated with the lupus anticoagulant, defined a small subset of children and adults with PPH.