tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELECTRICITY AS A THERAPEUTICAL AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERAEMIA AND CONGESTION OF THE PULP AND PERIDENTAL MEMBRANE.
Authors: JOHN S. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Electro-therapeutics in medicine and surgery has been developed to a considerable degree, and may be said to form a very large and important element in the treatment of certain forms of disease, while in dental surgery it has received but little attention; in fact, it is almost a negative quantity in dental literature. Its application, however, in dental surgery, does not offer so broad a field for investigation, yet a study of its value as a remedial agent will be no less interesting than in other special departments of medicine, and when better understood will, I believe, become an important adjunct to the means already at our command for the treatment of a considerable number of dental and oral diseases. I have chosen as the topic of this paper, two out of several pathological conditions of the teeth to which the various forms of treatment by electricity may be beneficially
Intestinal Tuberculosis After Successful Treatment of Advanced High-Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and AIDS
Authors: J. Samuel, N. Mullai, B. Firfir
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 1A 43-year-old man with AIDS and high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, stage IVB, had been successfully treated with chemotherapy 30 months previously. He now presented with progressive intra-abdominal lymph-node enlargement, transudative pleural effusion, ascites, diarrhea, anasarca, and cachexia. Enteroscopy showed thickening, erythema, and nodularity of the mucosa, with superficial ulceration throughout the duodenum and jejunum.
Erythrocyte folate levels: A clinical study
Authors: Jeffrry P. Jaffe, Robert F. Schilling
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract PURPOSE: 1) To determine if there are significant differences in laboratory parameters and patient characteristics between patients with low erythrocyte (RBC) folate levels and those with normal RBC folate levels; 2) to determine the correlation between serum and RBC folate levels; 3) to determine if the RBC folate level changed the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of these patients if the serum folate level was available. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study is a retrospective review of all inpatients and outpatients at a public teaching hospital who had an RBC folate level &gt;175 ng/ml (N = 57) over the study period (69 months) and a blindly selected group of patients with RBC folate levels &gt;175 ng/ml (N = 53) during the same period. RESULTS: Patients' with low RBC folate levels had higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW) values and lower serum folate and B 12 values than patients with normal RBC folate levels, but there was no difference in degree of anemia, presence of oval macrocytes and/or hypersegmented neutrophils on the peripheral blood smear, LDH, alcohol use, diet, or any other measured clinical parameter. Serum and RBC folate levels were highly correlated and a low RBC folate affected the clinical outcome of three patients (5% of the low RBC folate group). CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these retrospective data and a review of the literature, we cannot define significant differences between patients with low RBC folate and randomly selected patients with normal RBC folate that could not have been equally well defined using serum folate values. The sensitivity and specificity of a low RBC folate level in the diagnosis of ill or healthy individuals are undefined, and until prospective studies utilizing some of the newer, more specific biochemical indicators of tissue folate are completed, the interpretation of low RBC folate levels will remain problematic.
Dynamic thrombosis and thrombolysis. Role of antithrombins.
Authors: J H Chesebro, V Fuster
Journal: Circulation (1991)

In vivo thrombosis after deep arterial injury has been experimentally shown by receptor inhibi- tors to be mediated predominantly by thrombin activation of platelets and to a lesser extent by thrombin-related fibrin formation.Thrombosis and thrombolysis are dynamic and simultaneous pro- cesses that may influence each other, depending on the exposure and concentration of thrombin and administered agents and dosages.The dose-depen- dent antithrombotic effect of heparin is mediated by its antithrombin action, but is incomplete even at dosages of 500 units/kg administered over 1 hour.1"2Because of the critical role of thrombin in the thrombotic and lytic processes and the improved inhibition of thrombin in all locations by small molecular and specific thrombin inhibitors, the articles concerning the specific thrombin inhibitors hirudin and argatroban in the previous3 and the present4 issues of Circulation are of interest.Haskel et al,3 in a recent issue of Circulation, compared single doses of antithrombin (hirudin and heparin) with antiplate- let (aspirin and antibody to glycoprotein 1Ib/IIIa platelet membrane receptor) therapy in the acceler- See p 1510 ation of thrombolysis and prevention of reocclusion.In this issue, Clarke et a14 have taken an important step in administering another antithrombin agent, argatroban, to nine normal volunteers with and without aspirin.Role of Thrombin and Platelets in Arterial Thrombosis Specific thrombin inhibition with hirudin or arga- troban-which do not directly block other mediators of platelet aggregation such as thromboxane, seroto- nin, ADP, or collagen -significantly prevent arterial thrombus formation and markedly limit platelet deposition.1'5-7However, neither specific thromboxane A2 inhibitors or serotonin receptor inhibitors, when given alone, prevent arterial thrombosis or reduce platelet
Comparative Genomics of Accessory Gland Protein Genes in Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura
Authors: B. J. Wagstaff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Male accessory gland protein genes (Acps) evolve rapidly in the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila. However, conservation of Acps in more diverged lineages is poorly understood. We used comparisons of the D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura genome sequences, along with empirical investigation of D. pseudoobscura transcription, to assay the D. pseudoobscura genome for orthologs of 13 D. melanogaster Acps (Acp26Aa, Acp26Ab, Acp29AB, Acp32CD, Acp33A, Acp36DE, Acp53Ea, Acp62F, Acp63F, Acp70A, Acp76A, Acp95EF, and Acp98AB). We find that Acp26Aa, Acp26Ab, Acp32CD, and Acp53Ea are present at the expected microsyntenic locations of D. pseudoobscura. Acp62F and Acp70A are also present, although they are located in nonsyntenic regions. For six of the remaining seven Acps, computational and molecular biological evidence suggests they are D. melanogaster orphans. The weighted average of interspecific amino acid identity for alignable residues across the six orthologous Acps is 35.6%. Population genetic data for D. pseudoobscura Acp26Aa show that this gene has been evolving under directional selection, as it has been in D. melanogaster/D. simulans. All four D. melanogaster Acps we analyze from chromosome arm 3L are absent from the homologous D. pseudoobscura XR chromosome arm, which was autosomal before an X chromosome-autosome fusion event in the D. pseudoobscura lineage. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that male-advantage genes on the Drosophila X chromosome are disfavored by natural selection.
Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: a Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Hypogammaglobulinemia, Lymphocytopenia and Impaired Homograft Rejection*
Authors: W. Strober, R. D. Wochner, P. P. Carbone, T. A. Waldmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics, protein-losing enteropathy, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. The immunologic status of 18 patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia was studied. Concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured by immune precipitation and metabolism of these three immunoglobulins was studied using purified radioiodinated proteins. The serum concentration and total body pool of each immunoglobin were greatly reduced. The fraction of the intravascular protein pool catabolized per day was increased to 34% for IgG, 59% for IgA, and 66% for IgM; these are in contrast with control values of 7%, 28%, and 17%, respectively. Synthetic rates of the immunoglobulins were normal or slightly increased. Primary circulating antibody response was tested in five patients with Vi and tularemia antigens. Titers elicited in patients with the Vi antigen were significantly lower than those seen in a control group, whereas no difference was seen between patient and control responses to the tularemia antigen. Lymphocytopenia was noted in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia. The mean circulating lymphocyte count was 710 +/- 340/mm(3) in contrast to 2500 +/- 600/mm(3) in controls. Cellular hypersensitivity was studied with skin tests and skin grafts. 91% of normal individuals reacted to at least one of the four skin test antigens: purified protein derivative, mumps, Trichophyton, and Candida albicans; in contrast, only 17% of patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia had a positive reaction. Each of three patients tested with dinitrochlorobenzene had a negative reaction. Finally, all four patients who received skin homografts have retained these grafts for at least 12 months. The immunological disorders in patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia appear to result from loss of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes into the gastrointestinal tract secondary to disorders of lymphatic channels. Lymphocyte depletion then leads to skin anergy and impaired homograft rejection.
The molecular genetics of schizophrenia.
Authors: M. Owen, P. McGuffin
Journal: BMJ (1992)

There is overwhelming evidence for a significant genetic contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia. Molecular genetic techniques are now sufficiently advanced to be applied to complex genetic disorders with uncertain phenotypes, such as schizophrenia. In this article we first briefly discuss certain pertinent background issues: the evidence that schizophrenia has a heritable basis, the possible modes of inheritance involved, and how best to define schizophrenia in the light of this evidence; we then review the current status of research in the field. Large collaborative studies are currently underway that pave the way for the detection of genes of both major and minor effects. We may now be seeing the first consistently replicated results from chromosome 6 and 22 and from candidate genes, such as the dopamine D3 receptor gene.
Is targeting of CD47-SIRPα enough for treating hematopoietic malignancy?
Authors: Xi Wen Zhao, Taco W. Kuijpers, Timo K. van den Berg
Journal: Blood (2012)

To the editor:

With interest we have read the report by Chao et al,[1][1] which is the most recent of a pioneering and impressive series of publications by the same group of researchers over the past 2 years,[2][2][⇓][3][⇓][4][⇓][5]–[6][6] in which the interaction between the broadly
Clues to Diagnosis in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The authors of this inviting book are well-known cardiologists of superior achievement. They aim to "illustrate various clues (or non-clues)... in context of specific cases" and to supplement the encyclopedic standard texts in a way that will be of particular use to the noncardiologist. There are 158 two-page units, in each of which the first is a clinical introduction while the second presents key diagnostic tests and commentary. The authors purposely avoid a "logical" sequence because patients are not ordinarily encountered in that way. Each case-unit includes a few wellchosen references. The abundant clearly printed electrocardiograms, phonocardiograms, roentgenograms (including contrast studies) and catheterization traces occupy more space than the text. Unfortunately, the textual information is often sparse and the clinical data, while often complete, may provide insufficient clues for accurate diagnosis without extensive laboratory investigation. Thus, the book will not be of much help to the "noncardiologist," who will have
Referral Bias in Diabetes Research
Authors: L Joseph Melton, James W Ochi, Pasquale J Palumbo, Chu Pin Chu
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Of all the known diabetic individuals residing in the community of Rochester, Minnesota, only about one-half would have been recognized through a review of the medical records of 1 yr. Only one-fifth of the diabetic residents were hospitalized during the index year and a similarly small proportion were attended in a diabetes clinic. This selective process produced distortion in the apparent clinical spectrum of diabetes observed at different levels in the medical care system. Notable was overestimation of the relative importance of insulin-dependent diabetes and of the vascular complications of diabetes among hospital and diabetes clinic patients. Referral bias should be taken into account when differences are noted in the epidemiologic features of diabetes as reported from different types of medical care settings.
The Carvedliol Hibernation Reversible Ischemia Trial: Marker of Success (CHRISTMAS)
Authors: John G. Cleland, D.J. Pennell, S.G. Ray, A.J. Coats, A. Lahiri, P.W. Macfarlane, J.Dalle Mule, Z. Vered, G. Murray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT OF BACILLURIA
Authors: ANSON L. CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

From the work of William Mansfield Clark<sup>1</sup>it has been shown that it is practically impossible to increase the acidity of the urine sufficiently by the oral administration of any drug to inhibit entirely the growth of the colon bacillus. Because of this it was decided to try the effect of altering the food intake. Barborka<sup>2</sup>suggested that the ketogenic diet, which had been used originally by Wilder in the treatment of epilepsy, produced an acidity of the urine considerably above the normal. Previously, Johnson<sup>3</sup>had placed several patients with a bacillary infection of the urinary tract on the ketogenic diet. He noted some improvement in their condition, but the patients were too ill to allow a thorough test of the treatment. About this time Helmholz had noted that the urine of a patient on the ketogenic diet for the treatment of epilepsy remained clear and apparently
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and plasma renin activity in patients with low-, normal-, and high-renin essential hypertension.
Authors: W J Lawton, A Fitz, C Grant, D L Witte
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The relationship of serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary catecholamines (IU catechols) in various forms of essential hypertension (EHT) (low, normal and high renin) was evaluated. Eighty-four predominantly white, young (37 +/ 8 years (SD)), mildly hypertensive patients (diastolic pressure 93 +/- 4 mm Hg (SD)) continued their regular diet and received no medications. Thirteen patients had low-renin, 64 had normal-renin, and seven had high-renin EHT. DBH, total IU catechols and urinary norepinephrine were not different between these renin subgroups. DBH was significantly lower in all hypertensives (55.6 +/- 36 IU) and in the low-renin subgroup (46 +/- 30 IU) compared with normal subjects (68 +/- 35 IU) (p less than 0.01). However, the DBH range was so broad that an individual DBH value did not distinguish EHT from normals. After a baseline period, patients were randomly assigned to receive chlorthali done 50 mg q.a.m. or placebo in a double-blind study. In the chlorthalidone group 1 month after therapy, the diastolic pressure decreased, PRA increased, and total IU catechols and urinary norepinephrine increased. Serum DBH did not change during diuretic therapy. A significant correlation could not be shown between pretreatment DBH and the changes in PRA and IU catechols before and after diuretics for all treated EHT patients. However, within the normal PRA EHT subgroup receiving chlorthalidone, the one-third of patients with lowest pretreatment DBH levels (n = 10) were compared with the one-third of patients with the highest pretreatment DBH values (n = 10). The lower DBH patients showed significantly less change in PRA (delta PRA = 2.9 +/- 1.8 ng/ml/hr) compared with the higher DBH patients (delta PRA = 8.2 +/- 1.6; P less than 0.05). In some EHT patients, DBH levels may be related to PRA response to diuretic therapy.
Drug points: Topical minoxidil for common baldness
Authors: D. A Fenton
Journal: BMJ (1986)

2500 in Sweden, 3900 in the UK, and 4000 in France to 11155 in West Germany and 12000 in the USA.Since the markets of the developed world do not collectively appear to support such enormous numbers of products, it is surprising that such numbers whichare claimed to exist in hird World markets are attributed to exports from the Western world.J P GRMIN ABPI, London SWIA 2DY Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure?SIR,-Dr M R Lee and colleagues (26 July, p 266) suggest that hypertension in blacks is different from that in white people and may be more salt dependent.In rural Belize the Creoles, an Afro- Caribbean group, certainly had higher blood pres- sures than either an Amerindian (Mayan) or Amerindian-European (Mestizzo) group.'How- ever, when Creoles were compared with rural and urban Malawians (central Africans) studied using the same epidemiological techniques2 the urban Africans had the highest blood pressures.This was in spite of the urban Africans being younger, lighter and less obese and having a lower output of overnight urinary sodium than the Creoles (table ).Obviously factors other than salt intake have caused these differences and, they may not all be environmental.It may be that genetic differences between Afio-Caribbean communities are as im- portant as those between whites and blacks, and Mean blood pressres, ages, weight, body mass indx, and overnght winary sodium osuput Creoles Urban Malawians Rural Malawians Men Women Men Women Men Women Blood pressure (mm Hg) 124/66-6 115/65-4 127-5*/76-2
CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH EXERCISE INDUCED PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION IS SIMILAR TO PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Santhosh R. Mannem, Jason Salamon, Sampath Gunda, Muhammad Iqbal, Manoj Bhandari, Jeremy Mazurek, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Factor H–related protein 1 (CFHR-1) inhibits complement C5 convertase activity and terminal complex formation
Authors: Stefan Heinen, Andrea Hartmann, Nadine Lauer, Ulrike Wiehl, Hans-Martin Dahse, Sylvia Schirmer, Katharina Gropp, Tina Enghardt, Reinhard Wallich, Steffi Hälbich, Michael Mihlan, Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Peter F. Zipfel, Christine Skerka
Journal: Blood (2009)
Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or levonorgestrel: nested case-control study based on UK General Practice Research Database
Authors: L. Parkin, K. Sharples, R. K. Hernandez, S. S. Jick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective </b>To examine the risk of non-fatal idiopathic venous thromboembolism in current users of a combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone, relative to current users of preparations containing levonorgestrel. <b>Design </b>Nested case-control study. <b>Setting </b>UK General Practice Research Database. <b>Participants </b>Women aged 15-44 years without major risk factors for venous thromboembolism who started a new episode of use of an oral contraceptive containing 30 µg oestrogen in combination with either drospirenone or levonorgestrel between May 2002 and September 2009. Cases were women with a first diagnosis of venous thromboembolism; up to four controls, matched by age, duration of recorded information, and general practice, were randomly selected for each case. <b>Main outcome measures </b>Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimated with conditional logistic regression; age adjusted incidence rate ratio estimated with Poisson regression. <b>Results </b>61 cases of idiopathic venous thromboembolism and 215 matched controls were identified. In the case-control analysis, current use of the drospirenone contraceptive was associated with a threefold higher risk of non-fatal idiopathic venous thromboembolism compared with levonorgestrel use; the odds ratio adjusted for body mass index was 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 7.6). Subanalyses suggested that referral, diagnostic, first time user, duration of use, and switching biases were unlikely explanations for this finding. The crude incidence rate was 23.0 (95% confidence interval 13.4 to 36.9) per 100 000 woman years in current users of drospirenone and 9.1 (6.6 to 12.2) per 100 000 woman years in current users of levonorgestrel oral contraceptives. The age adjusted incidence rate ratio was 2.7 (1.5 to 4.7). <b>Conclusions </b>These findings contribute to emerging evidence that the combined oral contraceptive containing drospirenone carries a higher risk of venous thromboembolism than do formulations containing levonorgestrel.
LEAD POISONING FROM FACE ENAMEL
Authors: Henry W. Woltman
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Mrs. W. I. F., aged 38, who had been married for twenty years, but never was pregnant, came to the clinic for examination on account of paralysis of the hands. At the age of 3 years, she had had general convulsions; she had migraine headaches until the age of 16. Ten years before she had had an appendectomy and an operation on the ligaments of the uterus. Five years before she began having constant tremor of the upper extremities, which was rapid and of moderate amplitude; this had been growing in severity. She had always been nervous and irritable. Four years before she began to have nausea and vomiting. Roentgenograms of the stomach were said to reveal ulcer. The patient was placed on an ulcer diet for one and one-half years, and then on an anticonstipation diet. Six months later the vomiting became worse, and appeared almost daily. A full
Ticks' evasion cocktail
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

On page 2019, Deruaz et al. find that ticks might prefer to take on immune cells one at a time rather than brave the whole lot at once.






Figure 1

Ticks secrete several different evasins, each of which blocks a different chemokine.




Some worms and viruses fend off immune cells by neutralizing the chemokines that attract them. These species make one chemokine-blocking protein that covers all the bases. But ticks don't use this one-for-all strategy, the authors now find. Instead, they made at least three single-chemokine blockers, which probably prevent host immune cells from swarming into the bite site and clogging up the ticks' food pipeline. These anti-chemokines, called evasins, each had a unique shape that might contribute to their selectivity.

Ticks might have evolved this selectivity to counter the host's step-wise immune response to the Lyme disease parasite they carry. In parasite-infected hosts, neutrophils usually arrive first to the bite site, followed by eosinophils and monocytes, and finally other immune cells. Tick saliva has different anti-chemokine activity at different times during feeding, suggesting that having several evasins might somehow better counter this staggered cell influx. Viruses, on the other hand, do not have the luxury of combating one cell type at a time and might therefore depend on a single multi-purpose protein.