tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VALUE OF ORGANIZATION IN CONTROLLING STATE MEDICINE
Authors: Oliver J. Fay
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The past months have seen the development of federal control not only to an unprecedented extent but to an undreamed one. That control has extended into many fields which were considered exempt from government interference— business, production, agriculture have all been brought under the yoke. Wiser men than I, men whose life work has been in the field of political economy, admit that they cannot foresee the far-reaching effects of these new policies or predict how far they may extend, so that I need not hesitate to confess that I am unable to pass judgment on them even if I were so inclined. I am mentioning them here for a very different reason—because I would call attention to the fact that the medical profession has thus far not only escaped hampering federal restrictions but has in a sense received federal indorsement, a vote of confidence from the
Malabsorption in Overland Travellers to India
Authors: A. M. Tomkins, W. P. T. James, J. H. Walters, A. C. E. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Thirty-four cases of malabsorption are described in young adults after brief periods of overland travel to India. Symptoms included diarrhoea, abdominal distension, and weight loss. Investigation revealed fat, xylose, and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> malabsorption with marked morphological changes in the mucosa. Lower levels of serum folate and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> were observed in those with protracted diarrhoea, but no anaemia developed. Malabsorption may persist for many months after return to the U.K. Most patients responded initially to antibiotics, but some subsequently relapsed. The reasons why these patients developed tropical sprue are discussed.
A Statement of Principles for Health Care Journalists
Authors: Gary Schwitzer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Many journalism organizations have published codes of ethics in recent years. The Association of Newspaper Editors, for example, lists 47 different codes on its website. But an organization of health care journalists felt that none of those codes addressed the unique challenges of covering complex health care topics. The Association of Health Care Journalists (AHCJ) is an independent, non-profit organization dedicated to advancing public understanding of health care issues. Its mission is to improve the quality, accuracy and visibility of health care reporting, writing and editing. AHCJ has written a statement of principles for its 750 members. In it, AHCJ states some of the unique challenges faced by journalists covering health care, and offers suggestions on how to face those challenges. Bioethicists are invited to comment on the statement, and to help generate continued discussion of the issues addressed therein.
1078-97 The protective effect of edaravone on myocardial damage during ischemia-reperfusion in rabbit heart
Authors: Yujirou Tanabe, Shinji Okubo, Yachiyo Hoshiba, Kenji Takeda, Sumiyo Kudoh, Michihiko Kitayama, Seiyu Kanemitsu, Hiroichi Tsugawa, Noboru Takekoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Variations in Methadone Treatment Practices-Reply
Authors: Thomas D'Aunno
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —We recently reported that methadone treatment units that have higher average dose levels are more likely to have clients who remain in treatment longer. 1 Dr Magura challenges this finding, but we find his criticisms unwarranted.  First, he claims that it is arbitrary to add average dose level as a predictor of time in treatment to multiple regression analyses that related characteristics of clients, units, and their environments (as predictors) to treatment practices (as dependent variables). We acknowledge that average dose level is the only measure of treatment practices used in Table 5 both as a dependent and predictor variable. However, we want to make clear our rationale for doing so. First, previous literature suggests that dose level is one of the most important predictors of treatment success (see Dr Cooper's useful review 2 ). Thus, given that we had limited degrees of freedom to work with, we elected
Reducing the Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Lawrence J. Dacey
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 932: Selective requirement of BH3-only proteins for apoptosis induced by targeted therapies in colon cancer cells and xenografts
Authors: Xingnan Zheng, Kan He, Jing Sun, Quanhong Sun, Matthew F. Brown, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Constitutive activation of pro-survival kinases has become a promising target of recently developed small molecules, while their biomarkers and resistance mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of several BH3-only proteins PUMA, Bim and Noxa in apoptosis and growth suppression induced by different classes of targeted agents, including selective small molecule inhibitors to c-Met, IGFR, Hsp90, VEGFR and non selective kinases inhibitors in colon cancer cells and xenografts. Using isogenic colon cancer cells with targeted deletion in PUMA, Bim or Noxa, we demonstrated universal and persistent PUMA induction by all of these agents, which is mediated by either p53-dependent or -independent mechanisms. PUMA deficiency led to impaired apoptosis and caspase activation in colon cancer cells, and significantly blocked tumor cell apoptosis and therapeutic responses to these agents in xenografts. On the contrary, modulation of upstream signaling such as phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT was transient and involves diverse transcription factors. Interestingly, only a small subset of agents induced the expression of Bim or Noxa, or required Bim or Noxa for apoptosis induction. Moreover, small molecule BH3 mimetics, or enhanced PUMA levels resulted from another drug sensitized colon cancer cells to apoptosis induced by majority of these agents. Our results establish a critical role of the mitochondrial pathway and BH3-only proteins in mediating sensitivity of colon cancer cells to a wide variety of targeted-agents, and shed light on resistance mechanisms. In light of recent data on BH3-only proteins in therapy-induced apoptosis in other tumor types, our data suggest that modulations of selected BH3-only proteins, rather than their steady-state levels, might sever as potential biomarkers for predicting therapeutic responses in both treatment-naïve and pretreated patients, and provide a rationale for combination therapy in clinical trials. These novel preclinical findings can help guide future development and clinical use of targeted agents. Key words: kinase inhibitors; PUMA; Bim; Noxa; apoptosis; resistance mechanisms, colon cancer Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 932. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-932
Doctors form group to defend child protection professionals
Authors: Jonathan Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A group of doctors who last week accused the UK General Medical Council of failing children are forming an action group to counter what they say is the “intimidation” of child protection professionals.

In a paper published in Pediatrics on 2 April, more than 50 UK paediatricians and other professionals accused the GMC of deterring doctors from raising concerns about children's safety and increasing the risk of serious child abuse. The GMC's actions against the paediatricians Roy Meadow and David Southall, they said, “conflict with current child protection laws and guidance for professionals” ( Pediatrics 2007;119:800-2).

Many believe that the combined efforts of the GMC, campaigning groups, and the media are seriously disrupting the safeguarding of children. A large number of paediatricians and allied professionals are now organising themselves into a lobby group with the aim of correcting misleading propaganda …
Feasibility and Safety of Endoscopic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying
Authors: T. Attila, R. Hellman, A. Krasnow, C. Hofmann, K. Saeian, K. Dua, D. Binion, R. Shaker
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Scintigraphy is the currently accepted method for evaluation of gastric emptying. Although quantitative, this method is complicated, time-consuming, and costly. If a simple endoscopic technique was available for those instances when quantification of an emptying abnormality is not needed, the same clinical information could be obtained in less time and with resource savings. Our aims in this study were therefore to assess the technical feasibility, tolerability, and safety of unsedated transnasal esophagogastroscopy (T-EG) as a technique for qualitative assessment of gastric emptying. Methods: The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, 18 volunteers (ten men, eight women) underwent T-EG at 4 hours, 5 hours, or 6 hours after ingestion of a standard meal used for scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying without radiolabeling. In the second phase, ten volunteers underwent T-EG after scintigraphic imaging had demonstrated complete gastric emptying. Results: Subjects in both phases tolerated the procedure well and completed the study. In the first phase, 13 of 15 volunteers exhibited complete gastric emptying at 6 hours (87 %), while two (13 %) revealed some particulate matter in the stomach at that time. In the second phase, one of the ten volunteers exhibited a small amount of solid food residue in the stomach despite documentation of scintigraphic complete emptying. Conclusions: Evaluation of gastric emptying by unsedated T-EG is both feasible and safe. In healthy, asymptomatic individuals, complete gastric emptying of solid food may take as long as 6 hours.
Too much information
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It’s hard to escape discussing the benefits and harms of drug treatments in a clinical medical journal, and this week is no exception. Under discussion are how best to communicate possible adverse drug reactions, what is the most cost effective steroid for people with adrenal insufficiency, and whether tranexamic acid should be used routinely to reduce bleeding in elective surgery as well as after trauma.

Kirin Tan and colleagues’ Analysis article comes alongside the ongoing debate about the true rate of adverse effects of statins (doi:10.1136/bmj.g5019). The authors ask how helpful is the information provided to patients about possible adverse drug reactions. After reviewing information from 136 drug information documents relating to 15 …
Altered Factor VIII in Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Angelina C. A. Carvalho, Sandra M. Bellman, V. James Saullo, Debby Quinn, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Acute respiratory failure is characterized by pulmonary vascular injury and increased endothelial permeability. Since endothelial cells synthesize or release factor VIII, we studied factor VIII:antigen, factor VIII:von Willebrand's factor, and factor VIII:coagulant activity in 100 patients with acute respiratory failure, in 29 critically ill patients without evidence of lung disease, and in 60 normal subjects. As a group, patients with respiratory failure had factor VIII:antigen levels that were five times normal, whereas their factor VIII:coagulant and von Willebrand's activities were normal or above normal. However, there was a remarkable disproportion between the levels of factor VIII:antigen and those of factor VIII:coagulant and von Willebrand's factor. In the other ill patients and in the normal group, these levels were in close proportion. In patients with respiratory failure, both slowly and rapidly migrating components of factor VIII:antigen had abnormal electrophoretic patterns; in moderate and severe cases, there was a marked increase in the fast component. Patients who recovered from acute respiratory failure had electrophoretic patterns that returned toward normal. Factor VIII:antigen may be a sensitive circulating indicator of pulmonary endothelial injury and repair.
American Cardiology: The History of a Specialty and Its College
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Dr Fye's book began as a history of the American College of Cardiology. It was commissioned by that organization in 1990 upon the 40th anniversary of its founding. The idea was expanded into that of a broader survey of the origin and development of the profession of cardiology in the United States. Fye sees the discipline of cardiology as achieving definition during the period 1900 to 1920. He categorizes the physicians driving this development as physiologists, practitioners, academics, and public health enthusiasts. The introduction of the electrocardiograph stands out as a dominant factor in defining and promoting the new specialty. The first electrocardiograph in the United States was installed at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City in 1909. By 1925, 450 Cambridge instruments were in place in the country, more than one third in physicians' offices. This development could be taken as the beginning of the use of technology
Signaling through the M3 Muscarinic Receptor Favors Bone Mass Accrual by Decreasing Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Yu Shi, Franck Oury, Vijay K. Yadav, Jürgen Wess, X. Sherry Liu, X. Edward Guo, Monzur Murshed, Gerard Karsenty
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
ABC of clinical electrocardiography: Junctional tachycardias
Authors: D. Esberger
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Any tachyarrhythmia arising from the atria or the atrioventricular junction is a supraventricular tachycardia. In clinical practice, however, the term supraventricular tachycardia is reserved for atrial tachycardias and arrhythmias arising from the region of the atrioventricular junction as a result of a re-entry mechanism (junctional tachycardias). The most common junctional tachycardias are atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia.
The contribution of myofibrillar properties to the length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle
Authors: J C KENTISH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article The contribution of myofibrillar properties to the length-tension relationship of cardiac muscle Get access J C KENTISH J C KENTISH From the Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1985, Page 517, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.9.517 Published: 01 September 1985
B-cell linker protein expression contributes to controlling allergic and autoimmune diseases by mediating IL-10 production in regulatory B cells
Authors: Guihua Jin, Yasuhito Hamaguchi, Takashi Matsushita, Minoru Hasegawa, Doanh Le Huu, Nobuko Ishiura, Kazuhito Naka, Atsushi Hirao, Kazuhiko Takehara, Manabu Fujimoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Subjective functional assessments and the return to competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: F W Smith, E A Rosenlund, A K Aune, J A MacLean, S W Hillis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To examine (a) return to competitive sport within 12 months of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, (b) maintenance of competitive participation at follow up, and (c) the relation of the level of sports activity and competitive participation at follow up to subjective functional assessments. Also to address the incidence of continued competitive participation despite notable functional problems with the operated knee at 12 months and follow up.All patients were competitive athletes before injury and had undergone ACL reconstruction by the transtibial endoscopic technique with either a bone-patellar tendon-bone or a multiple looped hamstring autograft. Evaluation was carried out a mean of 43 months (range 24-73) after surgery by a postal questionnaire in which the Cincinnati sports activity scale (CSAS) and Cincinnati sports function scales were presented in conjunction with closed questions on change in competitive level and the presence of complaints.Of 109 selected patients, 77 (71%) responded. At follow up, 62 of 77 patients (81%) reported that they had returned to competition within 12 months of surgery. Within the same time frame, 55 of the above 62 patients (89%) also claimed to have returned to the level at which they were competing before injury (or higher). At follow up, 30 of the above 55 patients (54%) reported to still be competing at this high level. Twelve of the above 55 patients (22%) also admitted to major problems with the operated knee at that time. The overall incidence of patients competing despite major functional impairment in the operated knee was 13 of 62 (21%) at 12 months and six of 47 (13%) at follow up. Thirty eight patients (49%) were active in sport at least four times a week at follow up (CSAS level 1), and, using Spearman's rank correlation between CSAS scores and total sports function scores, r was calculated to be 0.44. Competitive and male patients had higher total sports function scores at follow up than non-competitive (p = 0.005) and female (p = 0.02) patients respectively.The reported return to competition at the previous level, both within 12 months and at follow up, was high but as expected considering the standard of treatment, patient selection, and study exclusion criteria. Patients with few functional complaints maintained a high level of sporting activity, even after discontinuing competitive participation.
Radium and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Donald A. Gerber
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  It might be worth emphasizing that when evaluating the thyroid of a patient with previous head-and-neck irradiation, in the context of the high incidence of thyroid cancer in these patients (237:2089, 1977), persons treated with intranasopharyngeal radium or radon should be considered separately from those treated with external beam radiation.  Whereas, for example, about 95% of the patients studied by Favus et al 1 received more than 700 R to the thyroid, patients that were treated with radon or radium probably received only 3 to 8 R to the thyroid. (This dose was calculated using the inverse square law, 2 a distance from applicator to thyroid of 10 cm, a dose of radium of 33 to 100 mg-hours, 3 and 8.25 R/hr at 1 cm as the radiation emitted by 1 mg of radium.) This relatively small dose of radiation to the thyroid is less than the
John Swanson Beck
Authors: John P Arbuthnott
Journal: BMJ (2007)

John Swanson Beck, himself the son of a doctor, was an outstanding medical student at Glasgow University. Graduating in 1953, he gained the much prized Brunton Medal, which is awarded to the outstanding medical graduate of the year. The medical world was his oyster, and he could have chosen any specialty, but he very quickly decided to pursue his career in pathology, where his early promise flowered and he became one of a small group of outstanding Scottish medical scientists committed to taking pathology in a new direction. He set himself to move the emphasis from morbid anatomy towards an understanding of living systems and diagnosis and treatment of disease.

His pioneering studies were in immunology in which he established the importance of antibodies directed against the body's own tissues. This was a new area and helped to open up …
New salicylates as maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: G Jarnerot
Journal: Gut (1994)

Leading articleNew salicylates as maintenance treatment in ulcerative colitis For decades sulphasalazine has been the only valuable non-corticosteroid drug in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Then Truelove et al showed that the pharmacologically active moiety in sulphasalazine for the treat- ment of this disease was 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA).'This resulted in new 5-ASA formulations for topical and oral use.5-ASA enemas and suppositories seem to have the same efficacy as topical corticosteroids in active distal ulcerative colitis.2 3 Sulphasalazine is not as effective as corticosteroids for the treatment of widespread active disease, and there is no evidence that any of the newer salicylates is better in this respect.4Because extensive, active ulcerative colitis must be treated aggressively so that it does not become severe and require surgery, systemic corticosteroids are on July 24, 2023 by guest.
A magic carpet is not enough
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary Air Embolism During Insertion of a Permanent Transvenous Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: HOWARD J. ZEFT, ALEX HARLEY, ROBERT E. WHALEN, HENRY D. MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In two patients pulmonary air embolism was a complication of the implantation of a permanent transvenous cardiac pacemaker. One of these patients, in whom air embolism was documented by cinefluorograms, is described in detail. Cinefluorograms demonstrated air in the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery with clear visualization of the opening and closing of the pulmonary valve. Both patients were treated conservatively by use of the left lateral decubitus position and administration of oxygen. The pathophysiology, hazards, and therapy of this complication are reviewed. Massive pulmonary air embolism is potentially fatal, and special care with regard to insertion of the electrode catheter should be taken in order to prevent it.