tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Placental DNA Methylation Related to Both Infant Toenail Mercury and Adverse Neurobehavioral Outcomes
Authors: Jennifer Z.J. Maccani, Devin C. Koestler, Barry Lester, E. Andrés Houseman, David A. Armstrong, Karl T. Kelsey, Carmen J. Marsit
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

BackgroundPrenatal mercury (Hg) exposure is associated with adverse child neurobehavioral outcomes. Because Hg can interfere with placental functioning and cross the placenta to target the fetal brain, prenatal Hg exposure can inhibit fetal growth and development directly and indirectly.ObjectivesWe examined potential associations between prenatal Hg exposure assessed through infant toenail Hg, placental DNA methylation changes, and newborn neurobehavioral outcomes.MethodsThe methylation status of > 485,000 CpG loci was interrogated in 192 placental samples using Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadArray. Hg concentrations were analyzed in toenail clippings from a subset of 41 infants; neurobehavior was assessed using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scales (NNNS) in an independent subset of 151 infants.ResultsWe identified 339 loci with an average methylation difference > 0.125 between any two toenail Hg tertiles. Variation among these loci was subsequently found to be associated with a high-risk neurodevelopmental profile (omnibus p-value = 0.007) characterized by the NNNS. Ten loci had p < 0.01 for the association between methylation and the high-risk NNNS profile. Six of 10 loci reside in the EMID2 gene and were hypomethylated in the 16 high-risk profile infants' placentas. Methylation at these loci was moderately correlated (correlation coefficients range, –0.33 to –0.45) with EMID2 expression.ConclusionsEMID2 hypomethylation may represent a novel mechanism linking in utero Hg exposure and adverse infant neurobehavioral outcomes.CitationMaccani JZ, Koestler DC, Lester B, Houseman EA, Armstrong DA, Kelsey KT, Marsit CJ. 2015. Placental DNA methylation related to both infant toenail mercury and adverse neurobehavioral outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 123:723–729; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408561
Atlas of Biliary Tract Surgery
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Though this book contains numerous clear illustrations, it is far more than an atlas, since a brief but very informative text discusses all aspects of the diseases considered in the volume. But of greater importance, it includes a distillate of wisdom of a recognized authority who has devoted a great share of his professional life to this single anatomic area. The application of sound judgment is nowhere more important than in surgery of the biliary tree. The author has succeeded admirably in his presentation of decisions to be taken when, as commonly happens, preoperative evidence is incomplete or conflicting, or when the operative procedure is confused by the disease process. Other surgeons obviously will have some differences of opinion about the application of certain techniques. For example, a more determined effort to secure a patent ampulla of Vater is preferred by many. If this is done, the necessity of immediate
Regulation of the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in primary cultures of chick kidney cells.
Authors: U Trechsel, J P Bonjour, H Fleisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

A primary chick kidney cell culture is described, capable of forming 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3], and 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,24,25(OH)3D3] over several days. The apparent Km values were 0.125 microM for the 1-hydroxylase and 2.1 microM for the 24-hydroxylase. Exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased 1-hydroxylase and increased 24-hydroxylase within 4 h. 24,25(OH)2D3 produced similar effects, but only in the absence of fetal calf serum. R and S isomers of 1,24,25(OH)3D3 were about fives times less active than 1,25(OH)2D3. Bovine parathyroid hormone stimulated the 1- and reduced the 24-hydroxylase in 6 h, but this only occurred in cultures either previously treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and EGTA to lower Ca to 0.8 mM or in cultures grown in the presence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). Under the latter condition, the sensitivity to bovine parathyroid hormone was enhanced, 0.04 U/ml producing a maximum response. Synthetic aminoterminal tetratriacontapeptide (1-34) human parathyroid hormone was equally effective. In the absence of D metabolites, estradiol for 6 h produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the 1-hydroxylase, but no change in the 24-hydroxylase. Progesterone, testosterone, and corticosterone had no significant effect. In cultures grown in the presence of 25(OH)D3 no reproducible effects were obtained with either 1 microM estradiol or 1 microM testosterone, alone or in combination, but 5 microM corticosterone decreased the 1- and increased the 24-hydroxylase. Changes in Ca and P concentrations of the medium as well as addition of ethane-l-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphate for 48 h did not affect any of the hydroxylase activities. The modulation of the hydroxylase activities by vitamin D3 metabolites and parathyroid hormone suggests that these factors regulate the renal hydroxylase by direct actions, whereas it would appear that ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphate, Ca, P, and steroid may exert their influence indirectly.
Suppression of longitudinal versus transverse conduction by sodium channel block. Effects of sodium bolus.
Authors: J Turgeon, T A Wisialowski, W Wong, W A Altemeier, J P Wikswo, D M Roden
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Arrhythmias resulting from treatment with sodium channel-blocking antiarrhythmic drugs have been successfully treated with sodium infusion, although the mechanism underlying this effect is uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we used a multielectrode array to examine the effects of O-desmethyl encainide (ODE), a potent sodium channel-blocking metabolite of encainide, on conduction in canine ventricle. ODE depressed both longitudinal and transverse conduction velocities in a plasma concentration-related fashion (r = -0.74, -0.60; p less than 0.001). At ODE concentrations less than or equal to 300 ng/ml (n = 34), conduction velocity was depressed to the same extent in the longitudinal (-21.9 +/- 8.4%, SD) and transverse orientations (-22.0 +/- 8.8%). However, at concentrations greater than 300 ng/ml (n = 17), conduction was significantly more impaired longitudinally than transversely (-44.5 +/- 11.7% versus -34.4 +/- 13.7%, p less than 0.02). In 12 animals with high concentrations (mean, 432 +/- 32 ng/ml), a 5-meq/kg bolus of sodium chloride over 1 minute immediately increased conduction velocity; this effect was significantly greater and longer lasting in the longitudinal orientation. In two animals, conduction block in the longitudinal orientation was documented at high plasma ODE and was immediately reversed by sodium bolus. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the major effect of sodium in animals with excess sodium channel block is improvement of longitudinal propagation; this effect may underlie the antiarrhythmic action of sodium in the analogous clinical setting.
P906 AZATHIOPRINE AND EARLY TACROLIMUS LEVELS &lt;10 ng/mL ARE PROTECTIVE AGAINST PROGRESSIVE FIBROSIS IN RECURRENT HCV POST LT
Authors: P. Manousou, I. Parisi, H. Wijewantha, E. Tsochatzis, D. Samonakis, D. Patch, J. O'Beirne, D. Thorburn, A.P. Dhillon, M. Pinzani, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Exposure to food allergens through inflamed skin promotes intestinal food allergy through the thymic stromal lymphopoietin–basophil axis
Authors: Mario Noti, Brian S Kim, Mark C Siracusa, Gregory D Rak, Masato Kubo, Amin E Moghaddam, Quentin A Sattentau, Michael R Comeau, Jonathan M Spergel, David Artis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Multicentric Castleman's disease treated with combination chemotherapy and rituximab in four HIV‐positive men: A case series
Authors: Alain Bestawros, René Michel, Chantal Séguin, Jean‐Pierre Routy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Multicentric Castleman's disease (MDC) is a rare herpesvirus‐8‐related prelymphomatous condition that may develop in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therapy for MCD is not well established and most often includes: corticosteroids, single or combined chemotherapy, anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody and antiretroviral therapy. In order to obtain a rapid and long‐lasting clinical response, we are reporting on a short course of anthracycline‐based chemotherapy associated with rituximab in HIV‐positive patients with MCD. Our study suggests that the combined immuno‐chemotherapy approach may represent a valid strategy with acceptable toxicity in patients with severe and extensive MDC. Further studies will be needed to assess the efficacy and safety of such an approach, and to identify risk factors predictive of long‐term tolerance in HIV patients with different degrees of immunosuppression. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haemoperfusion with R-004 Amberlite resin for treating acute poisoning.
Authors: J A Trafford, R H Jones, R Evans, P Sharp, P Sharpstone, J Cook
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Eleven patients who had taken overdoses of barbiturates, glutethimide, tricyclic antidepressants, and chloroquine were treated by resin haemoperfusion using an R-004 haemoperfusion cartridge containing XAD-4 resin. All but one patient showed rapid clinical recovery and the drugs were cleared rapidly from the plasma. There were few complications. Resin haemoperfusion is more effective than dialysis and other perfusion methods, especially in poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants. Although haemoperfusion is expensive, it greatly reduces the length of the patient's stay in an intensive care unit and hence is cost-effective.
515 CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES TO COMMENSAL BACILLUS SUBTILIS FLAGELLIN AS A NEW BIOMARKER FOR BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION-DRIVEN INCREASED MICROBE-HOST INTERACTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: T. Gustot, A. Lemmers, C. Moreno, D. Degré, R. Ouziel, D. Franchimont, D. Lebrec, R. Moreau, J. Devière
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 2991: Web-based access for whole genome analyses of gene expression, DNA copy number, microRNA transcript levels, drug activity, and their pattern comparisons for the NCI-60
Authors: William C. Reinhold, Margot Sunshine, Sudir Varma, Hongfang Liu, John N. Weinstein, Joel Morris, James Doroshow, Yves Pommier
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract High-throughput data is increasingly being integrated into the fields of biology, molecular biology, and pharmacology. However, a difficult problem has been the rapid and fluid access to and integration of this data, which tends to reside in huge unwieldy databases. One set of cell lines with substantial potential for benefit from this type of access and integration is the NCI-60 cancerous cell lines. We present here a set of tools within our CellMiner web-application designed to address this need for the areas of transcript expression, microRNA expression, gene DNA copy number, and drug activity. CellMiner allows the user to rapidly access data for relative levels of transcript expression for 18,532 genes, 360 microRNAs, and 16,861 compounds including 91 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. These levels in turn create patterns across the NCI-60 that can be compared to one another using our “pattern match” tool. Together, these tools allow one to query the data for potential relationships between these parameters, in a manner specific to a users area of expertise and interest, in a rapid and flexible manner without the need for expertise in computer science or bioinformatics. The output will be demonstrated with cancer interesting microRNAs 18a, 21, 29a, 30c-2, 30d, and 31, cancer interesting genes ABCB1, ATM, ATR, BRCA2, and TP53, and the clinically relevant drugs belinostat, crizotinib, pazopanib, selumetinib and tanespimycin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2991. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2991
Evaluation for Endotoxemia in Patients Receiving Penicillin Therapy for Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Jerry L. Shenep
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To determine if endotoxin liberation occurs after antibiotic administration to patients with syphilis, serial plasma samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving intramuscular penicillin G benzathine for secondary syphilis. The endotoxin content of these plasma samples was determined using a Limulus lysate assay (detection limit, 0.025 ng of reference Escherichia coli endotoxin per milliliter of patient plasma). Although secondary syphilis is the stage of syphilis having the greatest burden of spirochetes and the highest incidence of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, no endotoxin was detected in plasma either before or after antibiotic therapy. Despite the absence of detectable endotoxemia, five patients experienced mild Jarisch-Herxheimer-like reactions. These results suggest that endotoxin is not an important factor in either secondary syphilis or the reactions associated with antibiotic therapy of this disease.
Trichinosis in South-west Ireland
Authors: J. P. Corridan, J. J. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Since the large outbreak of trichinosis in Liverpool in 1953 there have been three outbreaks in Ireland, two occurring recently in Cork and Kerry, where a total of 76 cases was confirmed. In the outbreak of 50 cases in Kerry the latex trichina slide agglutination test was found to be valuable diagnostically and epidemiologically, while the efficacy of thiabendazole treatment was not established. This infection may be maintained as a reservoir in wild carnivores, occasionally spreading to pigs and perpetuated in them by a failure to boil pig swill.
Statisticians Set Sights on Observational Studies
Authors: R. S. Tuma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

The reliability of results from observational studies has been called into question many times in the recent past, with several analyses showing that well over half of the reported findings are subsequently refuted. In an effort to improve the quality of epidemiological studies and their design, an international group is developing publication guidelines for observational trials, similar to the CONSORT guidelines that were adopted for randomized trials. The proposed guidelines, called STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology), will provide a checklist that authors and journal editors can use to ensure that the necessary information has been included in a manuscript. The checklist will in clude both basic study design information, such as stating the specific objective and prespecified hypotheses, and more complex elements regarding the handling of quantitative variables and statistical methods.
Abstract 2622: CIP2A mediates the apoptotic effect of bortezomib on triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Ling-Min Tseng, Chun-Yu Liu, Kung-Chi Chang, Chung-Wai Shiau, Ann-Lii Cheng, Hsin-Yu Kuo, Cheng-Hwai Tzeng, Kuen-Feng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is with aggressive behaviors and poor prognosis because of the absence of a specific target for the tumor, such as in endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, may exert potential efficacy in TNBC through its multiple cellular effects. Our previous study has shown that CIP2A, cancerous inhibitor of PP2A, mediates effects of bortezomib on phospho-Akt (P-Akt) and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. (Oncogene, 2010). Here, we tested efficacy of bortezomib to TNBC and examined the drug mechanism. Methods: Triple negative breast cancer cell lines were used for in vitro studies. Apoptosis was examined by both flow cytometry and Western blot. Signal transduction pathways in cells were assessed by Western Blot. Gene silencing was done by small interference RNA (siRNA). In vivo efficacy of bortezomib was tested in nude mice with breast cancer xenografts. Results: Bortezomib induced apoptosis in association with down-regulation of CIP2A and P-Akt in a dose- and time-dependent manner in three TNBC cells lines (HCC-1937, MDA MB-468, MDA MB-231) but not in hormone positive MCF-7 cells. Over-expression of CIP2A in MDA MB-231 cells protected cells from bortezomib-induced apoptosis, and down-regulation of CIP2A by siRNA overcame the apoptotic resistance to bortezomib in MCF-7 cells. These data indicate that inhibiton of CIP2A determined the sensitivity of bortezomib to breast cancer cells. Importantly, bortezomib showed in vivo efficacy in HCC-1937 xenografted tumor. Conclusions: CIP2A mediates bortezomib-induced apoptosis in TNBC. Targeting CIP2A-PP2A-P-Akt signaling pathway is a novel approach for the treatment of TNBC. Supported by VGHTPE 100DHA0100591 and V99C1-059. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2622. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2622
Are the Conservatives serious?
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In this article, the authors make a case for the ’humanisation9 and ’decolonisation9 of health sciences curricula in South Africa, using <i>integration</i> as a guiding framework. <i>Integration</i> refers to an education that is built on a consolidated conceptual framework that includes and equally values the natural or biomedical sciences as well as the humanities, arts and social sciences, respecting that all of this knowledge has value for the practice of healthcare. An integrated curriculum goes beyond add-on or elective courses in the humanities and social sciences. It is a curriculum that includes previously marginalised sources of knowledge <i>(challenging knowledge hierarchies and decolonising curricula)</i>; addresses an appropriate intellectual self-image in health sciences education <i>(challenging the image of the health professional)</i>; promotes understanding of history and social context, centring issues of inclusion, access and social justice <i>(cultivating a social ethic)</i> and finally, focuses on care and relatedness as an essential aspect of clinical work <i>(embedding relatedness in practice)</i>. The article offers a brief historical overview of challenges in health and health sciences education in South Africa since 1994, followed by a discussion of contemporary developments in critical health sciences pedagogies and the medical and health humanities in South Africa. It then draws on examples from South Africa to outline how these four critical orientations or competencies might be applied in practice, to educate health professionals that can meet the challenges of health and healthcare in contemporary South Africa.
Truth Telling in Medicine
Authors: Maxwell Boverman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In "Truth Telling in Medicine" (1982;247:651), Dr Mark Sheldon discussed the following two interesting moral dilemmas: A man has contracted gonorrhea on an extramarital fling and then had intercourse with his wife. Both have the same physician, who is soon due to give the wife a routine examination. The husband requests that the physician treat his wife but conceal the diagnosis, because he fears for the marriage if she learns the truth. Should the physician comply? Should a diagnosis of cancer be withheld from a person who might be depressed or despondent, because learning the truth might cause him to commit suicide? Two ethical considerations are relevant to resolving these dilemmas in practice: First, a physician should assess the risks and benefits of truth telling on the basis of current scientific knowledge, rather than on folklore or his own personal discomfort. Behavioral scientists studying communication
Orthodromic capture of the atrial electrogram during transient entrainment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
Authors: M Satoh, S Miyajima, S Koyama, J Ishiguro, M Okabe
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The reentry circuit of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) has not been fully demonstrated. We hypothesized that if an upper common pathway was present, the atrial electrogram could not be captured orthodromically during transient entrainment of AVNRT by rapid atrial pacing. Based on this hypothesis, the presence of an upper common pathway was investigated.The atrial electrogram at the recording site of the His bundle potential was identified during induced AVNRT in 9 patients. To entrain AVNRT transiently, rapid pacing from the high right atrium and coronary sinus was applied at a cycle length 10 milliseconds shorter than that of AVNRT and repeated after a decrement of the paced cycle length in steps of 5 milliseconds until AVNRT was interrupted. In 5 of 7 patients, orthodromic capture of the atrial electrogram at the recording site of the His bundle potential was observed during transient entrainment of AVNRT by coronary sinus pacing, ie, the first postpacing interval of the atrial electrogram at the recording site of the His bundle potential was the same as the paced cycle length. In these 5 patients, the mean minimum paced cycle length capable of orthodromic atrial capture was 349 milliseconds, and the mean difference from the cycle length of AVNRT was only 16 milliseconds. During transient entrainment of AVNRT by high right atrial pacing, the atrial electrogram could not be captured orthodromically.Observation of orthodromic capture of the atrial electrogram at the recording site of the His bundle potential by coronary sinus pacing ruled out the presence of an upper common pathway in AVNRT, and the concept that perinodal atrial tissue is involved in the reentry circuit of AVNRT was supported.
Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium.
Authors: E. L. Trudeau
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Saranac Lake, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice an article in your issue of Oct. 20, 1900, by Dr. E. S. Oliver, who was for three months connected with the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium, but who has no connection whatever with the institution at present. I would like to state that the article in question was written entirely wihout my knowledge, and I hope it is unnecessary to say that many features of it have not my approval. Yours truly,
Intraperitoneal insulin in uraemic diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: A Balducci, G Slama, J Rottembourg, A Baumelou, A Delage
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The kinetics of absorption of intraperitoneally administered insulin were studied in nine uraemic insulin-dependent diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In each of three studies 20 U of regular insulin was directly injected as a bolus into the peritoneal cavity through an indwelling Tenckhoff catheter. In two procedures the insulin injection was followed by the instillation of either 2 litres of 1.5% dextrose dialysates or 2 litres of 4.5% dextrose dialysate. In the third 20 ml of saline was used to flush the tubing. Plasma free insulin values rose more rapidly and reached significantly higher concentrations (55.6 +/- 18.8 mU/l) when the insulin had been injected into an empty peritoneal cavity than when it was followed by dialysate. These differences were observed despite the fact that most of the insulin injected was retained by the patients. Since the plasma insulin values did not differ after instillations of dialysate containing 1.5% and 4.5% dextrose, the osmolality of the dialysate seemed not to affect insulin absorption, and the dilution of the insulin probably delayed its transfer through the peritoneum. These findings suggest that insulin given intraperitoneally to patients undergoing CAPD will be most effective if it is given into an empty peritoneal cavity at least 30 minutes before the dialysate is instilled.