tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1179: Global increase in ultraconserved non-coding RNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ana Clara P. Azevedo, Jinmai Jiang, Eun Joo Lee, Yuriy Gusev, David Allard, David A. Tuveson, George A. Calin, Thomas D. Schmittgen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are a class of 482 non-coding RNAs with 100% sequence conservation among human, rat and mouse genomes. T-UCRs are differentially expressed in colorectal cancer, leukemia and neuroblastoma, however their expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been studied. We used qPCR to profile all 482 T-UCRs in a variety of pancreatic cancer specimens including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis and benign/normal pancreas and in the pancreas of genetically engineered mice (P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D and PDX-1-Cre;LSL-KRASG12D). Of the 257 expressed T-UCRs in the human pancreas tissues, 166 were differentially expressed in the PDAC compared to normal and adjacent benign pancreas (≥ 1.5 fold; p &amp;lt; 0.05). In the genetically engineered mice, 29% of the expressed T-UCRs were differentially expressed in the pancreas of old P48+/Cre;LSL-KRASG12D mice (mean age, 231 days) compared to control. In both the patient and mouse data, the vast majority of the differentially expressed T-UCRs increased with disease progression. Interestingly, the expression pattern among groups of two T-UCRs closely correlated with each other. This was to be expected for T-UCRs directly adjacent to one another in the genome, but surprisingly we found strong correlations among T-UCRs that are located on different chromosomes. This suggests that large groups of T-UCRs are co-expressed in PDAC. In vitro models that simulate the desmoplastic reaction have been shown it to alter gene expression in PDAC. In an effort to understand the mechanism responsible for this global increase in expression in PDAC, the T-UCRs were profiled in normal pancreas (HPDE) cells that were cultured on the extracellular matrix deposited by Panc-1 cells. Ninety-one T-UCRs were increased in the HPDE co-cultures (fold-change &amp;gt; 1.5, p&amp;lt; 0.05). We report a global increase in the T-UCR expression in PDAC tissues, the pancreas of genetically engineered mice and in HPDE cells co-cultured with Panc-1 cells. The ability of the MAP kinase and TGF-β signaling pathways to regulate T-UCR expression will be investigated in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1179. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1179
Causes and diagnosis of copper deficiency
Authors: George J. Brewer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Detection of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with androgen-independent, advanced or metastatic prostate cancerTo the Editor: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood of cancer patients has attracted a great deal of attention among investigators.The clinical significance of CTC has probably best been established in breast cancer, where it has been shown that the detection of CTC in metastatic patients correlates with early clinical relapse and patient death [1].Gene expression profiling of CTC has been extended to other metastatic cancers including colorectal and prostate cancer [2,3].Recently, a porous barrier density-gradient centrifugation system was developed that allows for enrichment of CTC from peripheral blood [4].When coupled with the use of specific genes for real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the buoyant density separation approach has the potential to increase sensitivity and specificity of CTC detection.We have previously utilized this system in combination with multi-marker real-time RT-PCR in a pilot study involving Stage IV breast cancer patients at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC).We detected breast cancerassociated overexpression in the peripheral blood of 13 out of 20 (65%) patients [5].We also extended these observations to nonsmall cell lung cancer as 60% of patients with this tumor exhibited multimarker overexpression in their peripheral blood [6].We enrolled 15 patients (11/15 of African-American ancestry) with advanced or metastatic AIPC in a clinical study sponsored by the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at the MUSC.The main objective of the study was to measure, by real-time, reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the expression of a specific set of genes (EpCAM1, EpCAM2, XAG, S100P, DAG1, Claudin7, Ese1, Mal2, Spint2, ERG, and ETV1) in the peripheral blood of enrolled patients.Results from 11 out of 15 enrolled patients could be analyzed and we found evidence of CTC in 8 of 11 subjects (6 of 8 for African-Americans).EpCAM1 and EpCAM2 were the most informative markers (Fig. 1).To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying EpCAM2 as a marker for CTC in PCa, especially for African-American men.
1422 POTENT VIRAL SUPPRESSION WITH ALL-ORAL COMBINATION OF DACLATASVIR (NS5A INHIBITOR) AND GS-7977 (NS5B INHIBITOR), +/− RIBAVIRIN, IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HCV GT1, 2, OR 3
Authors: M. Sulkowski, D. Gardiner, E. Lawitz, F. Hinestrosa, D. Nelson, P. Thuluvath, M. Rodriguez-Torres, A. Lok, H. Schwartz, K.R. Reddy, T. Eley, M. Wind-Rotolo, S.-P. Huang, M. Gao, F. McPhee, R. Hindes, B. Symonds, C. Pasquinelli, D. Grasela
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A METHOD OF LIGATING THE APPENDIX WITHIN THE CECUM.
Authors: J. RAWSON PENNINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

months, and is said to have little effect in restoring the func- tion of the thyroid gland.It is therefore necessary after nor- mal metabolism has been established to continue the treat- ment indefinitely, but smaller doses are required in this sec- ond stage, and can only be determined by the condition of the patient.
DNA Damage–Induced BARD1 Phosphorylation Is Critical for the Inhibition of Messenger RNA Processing by BRCA1/BARD1 Complex
Authors: Ho-Shik Kim, Hongjie Li, Murat Cevher, Alissa Parmelee, Danae Fonseca, Frida Esther Kleiman, Sean Bong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract BRCA1-associated RING domain protein BARD1, along with its heterodimeric partner BRCA1, plays important roles in cellular response to DNA damage. Immediate cellular response to genotoxic stress is mediated by a family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase–related protein kinases, such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM and Rad3-related, and DNA-dependent protein kinase. ATM-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA1 enhances the DNA damage checkpoint functions of BRCA1, but how BARD1 is regulated during DNA damage signaling has not been examined. Here, we report that BARD1 undergoes phosphorylation upon ionizing radiation or UV radiation and identify Thr714 as the in vivo BARD1 phosphorylation site. Importantly, DNA damage functions of BARD1 (i.e., inhibition of pre-mRNA polyadenylation and degradation of RNA polymerase II) are abrogated in T714A and T734A mutants. Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of BARD1 is critical for the DNA damage functions of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4561-5)
A METHOD FOR RAPID MEASUREMENT OF INTRARENAL AND OTHER TISSUE PRESSURES
Authors: H. G. Swann, A. V. Montgomery, John C. Davis, E. R. Mickle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

A rapid method for measuring tissue pressures has been designed. A pressure of 250 mm. Hg is imposed on a manometer. Then the system is allowed to discharge into a needle cannula inserted in the tissue. The manometer forces out fluid (about 10 c.mm.) until the pressure within it is the same as that within the tissue. Records of the pressure changes are made. Each observation takes about a minute. The method gives results that are closely comparable with other reports of tissue pressures. With this method, the pressure in the following organs of dogs was found to be: kidney, 26 mm. Hg, cerebral cortex, 0 to 5 mm., muscle, 1 to 10 mm., spleen, S to 16 mm., subcutaneous tissue, 0 to 3 mm., and liver -2 to 14 mm. The reliability of the method was tested on the kidneys of decerebrate dogs. Measurements were found to be the same within narrow limits over a period of an hour; they were the same when taken simultaneously in different regions of the same kidney or in opposite kidneys. They were independent of the volume of fluid forced into the tissue. Similar pressures were observed with 1 or 5 or 10 holes bored in the shaft of the cannulating needle. The intrarenal pressure was also measured by inserting a needle cannula into the tissue and then allowing the pressure to reach equilibrium passively with a manometer. This method gave similar results. The intrarenal pressure has now found to be the same when measured by three different technics.
Bilateral Ear Swelling and Erythema After Chemotherapy: A Case of Ara-C Ears
Authors: George L. Anesi, Danielle Levine, Eyal C. Attar, Amir T. Fathi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Case Report A 56-year-old woman with a new diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with a FLT3 mutation and no other significant past medical history was admitted to the leukemia service for induction chemotherapy with cytarabine (days 1 to 7) and daunorubicin (days 1 to 3). On day 8, 1 day after her final dose of cytarabine, the patient reported swelling and itching behind her left ear. Over the next 4 to 5 days, these symptoms progressed to bilateral swelling, erythema, and pain of the external ears including an area of skin immediately posterior to the ears (Figs 1 and 2). The patient reported no change in auditory acuity, and on otoscopic examination, she had clear tympanic membranes without evidence of effusions. The swelling and erythema gradually resolved without intervention. Our dermatology consultation service noted the temporal relationship of this finding with the start of cytarabine therapy. The dermatology consultation service also considered the greater likelihood of a simultaneous bilateral process being inflammatory or reactive rather than infectious in etiology.
Self‐Delivery Multifunctional Anti‐HIV Hydrogels for Sustained Release
Authors: Jiayang Li, Xinming Li, Yi Kuang, Yuan Gao, Xuewen Du, Junfeng Shi, Bing Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract None of the clinical trials of anti‐HIV gels based on conventional polymers or lipid emulsions has been successful, suggesting the need of new molecular design of the anti‐HIV gels. This paper reports the conversion of anti‐HIV prodrugs into self‐delivery supramolecular hydrogels. By covalently conjugating reverse transcriptase inhibitors to a versatile self‐assembly motif, the hydrogelators that self‐assemble to form supramolecular nanofibers as the matrices of hydrogels in a weak acidic condition are obtained. Upon the treatment of prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), the hydrogels exhibit drastically enhanced elasticity. The hydrogelators are biocompatible and able to release the inhibitors under physiological condition. The use of the self‐assembly motif as a self‐delivery agent containing non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) renders this hydrogel to be both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐HIV. This work illustrates an unprecedented approach for designing multifunctional supramolecular hydrogels that may serve as potential anti‐HIV hydrogels for sustained drug release.
ON THE SURVIVAL AND TRANSPLANTABILITY OF ADULT MAMMALIAN TISSUE IN SIMPLE PLASMA
Authors: Albert J. Walton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Growth of adult mammalian tissue can be prolonged by transference to fresh medium. 2. In a few cases this growth can be continued for ten or eleven generations up to a period of forty days. 3. In the majority of cases growth ceases after three or four generations. 4. After the first transference growth is increased, but in subsequent generations it gradually diminishes and ultimately ceases altogether.
Looking beyond oral rehydration therapy.
Authors: G J Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a simple effective and cost-effective means of increasing child survival in developing countries; however any lasting impact on diarrheal diseases requires preventive measures as well as treatment.  Programs that have be found to decrease the incidence of childhood diarrhea include breastfeeding promotion immunization against measles improvements in the water supply and education about the importance of hand washing.  Many developing countries need not only preventive programs but also an adequate infrastructure for delivering primary health care.  Given the increase in the number of urban shanty towns and the accompanying unsanitary living conditions an innovative approach to urban primary health care is a priority.  Moreover any crash programs of health education in the mass media must be coordinated with other activities in health so that the message can be reinforced.  Since most countries have a better infrastructure in education than in health school teachers and school children are often a more effective means of changing behavior in traditional communities than the mass media.
Effect of Posture on Blood and Intraocular Pressures in Multiple System Atrophy, Pure Autonomic Failure, and Baroreflex Failure
Authors: Chasidy D. Singleton, David Robertson, Daniel W. Byrne, Karen M. Joos
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) may be partially under systemic vascular control. This study examined whether a correlation exists between blood and intraocular pressures in patients with autonomic dysfunction.Eleven patients with 3 types of confirmed autonomic dysfunction (multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and baroreflex failure) were compared with age- and gender-matched controls and had IOP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rates, and calculated mean arterial pressures (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressures (MOPP) measured in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. Data were analyzed with a general linear model repeated-measures ANOVA. All pressures for patients showed a dramatic decline (P<0.001) from supine to standing (MAP -31+/-14 mm Hg; IOP -6+/-3 mm Hg; MOPP -25+/-14 mm Hg) compared with controls (MAP +4+/-7 mm Hg; IOP -1+/-2 mm Hg; MOPP +6+/-7 mm Hg). There was no significant change in heart rate from supine to standing for patients compared with controls (P=0.648). Within both the multiple system atrophy (n=5) and pure autonomic failure (n=4) groups, all initial pressures were similar to control pressures in the supine position, whereas patients with baroreflex failure (n=2) had higher mean pressures than respective controls in the supine position.In autonomic dysfunction, a large decrease in MAP correlated with a large decrease in IOP. These data suggest that the autonomic nervous system, perhaps through an influence on systemic blood pressure, has a significant role in IOP regulation.
Two Centuries of Service — What of the Next?
Authors: Dean A. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

SINCE the Pennsylvania Hospital was founded two hundred years ago, there has probably not been a time when the hospitals and the medical profession of this country faced greater opportunities for public service than they do today. Medicine has more to offer now than it has ever had, not only in healing the sick and injured but also in preventing disease and disability and in restoring the handicapped to usefulness. The public has more confidence in the benefits of medicine than it has ever had, and therefore is more interested than ever in having these benefits.This situation indeed puts . . .
Effect of Interferon Therapy on Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis Type C: A Long–Term Observation Study of 1,643 Patients Using Statistical Bias Correction With Proportional Hazard Analysis
Authors: Kenji Ikeda, Satoshi Saitoh, Yasuji Arase, Kazuaki Chayama, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Akihito Tsubota, Mizuho Kobayashi, Ikuo Nakamura, Naoya Murashima, Hiromitsu Kumada, Masahiro Kawanishi
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The activity of interferon (IFN) is not elucidated from the viewpoint of cancer prevention in chronic hepatitis C patients en masse. The hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate was analyzed statistically in 1,643 patients with chronic hepatitis C: 1,191 patients with IFN therapy and 452 without IFN therapy. Hepatocellular carcinogenesis rates in the treated and untreated groups were 2.1% and 4.8% at the end of the 5th year, and 7.6% and 12.4% at the 10th year, respectively (P =.0036). Multivariate analysis showed that IFN slightly decreased the risk of carcinogenesis by 33%, compared with that of untreated patients (P =. 14), adjusting for the confounding effects of age, fibrotic stage, gender, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) value. Among 1,191 patients with IFN, 461 patients attained persistent loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, and the other 145 patients retained normal alanine transaminase (ALT) values without loss of HCV RNA. The hazard of carcinogenesis in these 606 patients with persistent normal ALT with or without HCV-RNA clearance was significantly lower than that of untreated patients (hazard ratio: 0.32; P =.012) and that of the abnormal aminotransferase group. Among patients with chronic hepatitis C, IFN significantly decreased the hepatocellular carcinogenesis rate in those patients with normal or persistent low ALT values.
Cause of Death
Authors: E. S. Sweeney
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest Kircher and Anderson's<sup>1</sup>article on proper certification of death. We routinely review death certificates filed in Utah and frequently see the common errors they described. Unfortunately, the effects of the educational process they recommend, such as lectures on death certificate completion to second-year medical students, will not be seen for many years. These effects are also diluted by the transfer of these individuals to postgraduate training programs out of the state. To improve the utility of the death certificate, instruction in its completion needs to be given not only to medical students and residents but also to practicing physicians through hospital staff meetings, regional medical societies, and specialty organizations. When the death certificate is used in court as evidence, the pathophysiological sequence in part I can cause confusion. A man who is shot in the neck and abdomen may die of pneumonia
Feature development, object concepts, and the scope slip
Authors: Michael R. W. Dawson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Schyns et al.'s (1998) target article raises a conflict between the need for a fixed functional architecture in an explanatory cognitive science and the need for a system to learn to detect new features. This conflict can be resolved by avoiding the scope slip in which properties of objects are erroneously viewed as being properties of their representations.
Immunological aspects of endometriosis
Authors: D Vinatier
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

The immune system probably plays a role in the onset and development of endometriosis. A general picture can be proposed. In some women refluxing and endometrial cells are not destroyed, either because the patient is genetically programmed not to respond to endometrial antigens, or because the reflux is so abundant that the scavenging capacity of the peritoneal immune cells is overloaded. Refluxing cells could be protected due to an abnormal adherence to the mesothelium which exceptionally expresses certain adhesive molecules. Undestroyed, these endometrial cells would cause an inflammation with activation of macrophages. Not only does the peritoneum protect these endometrial cells, but it also produces abnormal quantities of chemotactic and angiogenic cytokines (interleukin-8). Macrophages facilitate development via growth factors such as transforming growth factor β. Immunosuppressive factors block the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells. Activated macrophages present antigens of endometrial cells to T cells which will co-operate with B cells to synthesize autoantibodies. Synthesized antibodies protect the ectopic endometrium and could worsen the dysfunction of local NK cells. A vicious circle is set up involving all the partners of the immune system. It is as yet impossible to pinpoint the triggering mechanism. The primary defect could be localized on the endometrium, macrophages already activated by an extrinsic factor (infection, spermatozoa, chemical substances), the uterus or the tubo-uterine junction. The two pathophysiological theories put forward to explain endometriosis are linked by a defective immune system. Indeed, once the vicious circle is set up, growth and angiogenic factors could induce metaplasia of the already irritated mesothelium.
CHOLELITHIASIS AND CHOLELITHOTOMY.
Authors: CHAS. H. DUNN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

My paper, of which I beg to present a partial summary, is based upon a study of some forty cases of gallstone disease and a review of the chief literature of the subject. The personal observations concern eleven cases upon which I operated, comprising: One cholecystectomy; one choledochotomy; two cholecystenterostomies; six cholecystotomies with temporary fistulæ; one cholecystotomy by long drainage button; four autopsies in deaths from cholelithiasis without surgical interference; eight cases which for various reasons were not subjected to operation, in which the diagnosis was confirmed by passage of gallstones, and sixteen cases in which a diagnosis of gallstone was more or less positively made, but not confirmed by recovery of the calculi either by operation or in the stools. In the course of this brief experience I have been strikingly impressed by several facts, among which may be noted: The highly overdrawn notion of biliary colic and a
An Imposter Is a Tax Assessor
Authors: G.G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My little old lady patient visits the office, at times to see me, at others to read medical journals in the waiting room. I report a recent incident. <h3>Little Old Lady:</h3> I read in the<i>JAMA</i>tax assessors now parade the corridors of medicine in a more than ordinarily confusing manner. <h3>Liddle:</h3> Not really? <h3>Little Old Lady:</h3> Oh, yes indeed really. See page 2395, volume 236. Happens I was born in a fourposter in a northern Vermont township which still employed a fenceposter, a surveyor in effect; our tax assessor was our imposter. But your<i>JAMA</i>turns him into a disease, somewhat as Samuel Butler made crime a disease. Not an editorial or typographical error, do you suppose? <h3>Liddle:</h3> In the prestigious<i>JAMA</i>? "Nevah!" <h3>Little Old Lady:</h3> You must be right, because in a later issue for October 18, page 1846, he's back as an organic disease
Authors' reply to Solomon writing on behalf of 18 others
Authors: R. Baltussen, A. Smith, D. Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Solomon and colleagues inappropriately label our analysis of trachoma control erroneous, but their comments are largely related to methodological issues in (standardised WHO-CHOICE) cost effectiveness analysis and present gaps in knowledge.1 2

Firstly, mass treatment with antibiotics of all residents is probably more effective and costly than treatment of children. Whether the first intervention is cost effective according to international thresholds, and more cost effective …