tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SYPHILIS IN INSANITY AS DETERMINED BY THE WASSERMANN REACTION
Authors: C. B. ENSOR
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Of 262 male patients from Mt. Hope Retreat, tested by the Wassermann method, a positive reaction was obtained in 58, or in 22 per cent. of the total male population. Of the 262 patients, a history of syphilis was given in only 3 per cent. of the total, and only 14 per cent. of the patients showing a positive reaction admitted having syphilis, though most of them acknowledged exposure, and having had gonorrhea; 86 per cent. of the patients with positive reactions thus denied having had syphilis at any time. On the other hand, a history of syphilis was admitted where the reaction was negative in 2.6 per cent. of the total admissions. Of the 58 positive cases, 69 per cent. of the patients have been in the institution one year and under, 12 per cent. have been there two years, and 19 per cent. have been there three years
SYPHILIS AND MARRIAGE.
Authors: W. F. BREAKEY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

As a brief contribution to the assigned topic, "Syphilis and Marriage," I offer the following summarized history of a case with accompanying photograph, which, as the attorneys say, is put in evidence. The hard facts do not seem to need comment and are sufficiently "practical" to meet the request of the Chairman of the Section. Mr. —, age 63, married at 30, father of thirteen children, seven of whom are living, aged respectively 27, 23, 20, 18, 15, 12 and 10. All of these are afflicted with what the mother calls "catarrh." Of the six dead, the first died in a few hours, the next "had trouble with the spine" and died at 17; the next "had water on the brain" and died at 1 year and 9 months. The two others, I think, were stillborn or died in infancy. The wife also speaks of her husband's disease as "catarrh."
STORING AMPULS FOR SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Louis W. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:—  Utmost care must be taken to prevent contamination of any solution used for spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthetic drugs are prepared in sealed ampuls and are usually sterilized by storage in a container of antiseptic solution. Severe neurological complications have been reported resulting from contamination of the anesthetic solution by the antiseptic (Nicholson, M. J., and Eversole, W. H.: J. A. M. A.  132 :679 [Nov. 23] 1946). This can occur if a very small crack is present in the ampul and should be detected at once. Steinberg reemphasized this danger and suggested storage of ampuls in thimerosal (Merthiolate) so the color contamination could be noted ( Anesthesiology  11 :257 [March] 1950). Different coloring agents have been tried, and all work on the principle of antiseptic contamination giving the defective ampul a slight tint of the same color used in the antiseptic solution.  At the Massachusetts General Hospital a
Abstract 5302: CITED2 as a molecular switch for hypoxia-mediated proliferation
Authors: Yuan-Hung Wang, Ming-Han Kuo, Chien-Fu Huang, Shih-Hsin Hsiao, Cheng-Wen Wu, Yu-Ting Chou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hypoxia, the reduction of oxygen levels in cells or tissues, elicits a set of genes to adjust physiological and pathological demands during normal development and cancer progression. Hypoxia-mediated stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and 2α contributes to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in hypoxia-mediated physiological adaptation. Till now, the molecular mechanism of how HIF1α and HIF2α signaling regulates cancer cell proliferation and quiescence in hypoxic microenvironment is little understood. Here, we reported that CITED2, a cytokine inducible transcriptional modulator, is induced by HIF2α to regulate cell proliferation and quiescence. We observed that HIF2α expression is induced by hypoxia in a subgroup of lung cancer cells, proliferation of which is regulated via HIF2α/CITED2 signaling. Interestingly, HIF1α-silencing promotes hypoxic-mediated cell proliferation in the HIF2α-positive lung cancer cells. In contrast, knockdown of HIF2α as well as CITED2 attenuates cell growth, suggesting that HIF2α/CITED2 signaling functions as a molecular switch for cell proliferation and quiescence. Soft-agar assay showed that HIF2α promotes anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells, which can be inhibited by CITED2-silencing. We observed that upon hypoxia induction, CITED2 enhances MYC-mediated transactivation of downstream target genes. Our findings provide a novel oncogenic role of CITED2 in hypoxia with potential as a biomarker and therapeutic targets for lung cancer. Citation Format: Yuan-Hung Wang, Ming-Han Kuo, Chien-Fu Huang, Shih-Hsin Hsiao, Cheng-Wen Wu, Yu-Ting Chou. CITED2 as a molecular switch for hypoxia-mediated proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5302
Caring for All of Those Who Fall in Combat
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE NEED for a safe, effective means of anesthesia delivery to support US combat troops has been recognized ever since the Civil War, according to Brian F. Condon, MD, chief of anesthesia at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. Although much research has gone into providing this support, he says, oddly enough the compact piece of equipment that has received much attention lately is basically similar to what might have been used on a soldier hit by a minie ball in the Civil War—even if it is small enough to be delivered by a parachute from aircraft today.  Just Essentials  Known as the Ohmeda PAC (Portable Anesthesia Complete), this is simply a draw-over vaporizer, a device that allows the patient to breathe in anesthesia without the need for oxygen. Condon, who is a colonel in the US Army Medical Corps and consultant for anesthesia to the Surgeon General of
Risk with Arterial Flow Probes
Authors: Elizabeth M. Cuthbertson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Some vascular surgeons who are studying arterial blood flow after various forms of arterial reconstruction have measured blood flow with noncannulating flow probes; in some instances, the surgeons have left these probes in place for a few days after surgery. This has produced much useful information. Some surgeons have also measured carotid artery blood flow during surgery, but I do not believe that any probes have been left in place on this artery. Gerry, Fronek, and Witzel (<i>Proc Soc Exp Biol Med</i>140:1477-1479, 1972) reported the thrombosis of carotid arteries in dogs when only pneumatic occluders were implanted on them. We have had the same problem after implanting flow probes on the common carotid artery in rhesus monkeys (for chronic studies). In addition, movement of the animal's head or neck frequently caused temporary, complete occlusion of the artery (indicated by zero flow). We believe that these problems
Abnormalities in the alternative pathway of complement in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Sonata Jodele, Christoph Licht, Jens Goebel, Bradley P. Dixon, Kejian Zhang, Theru A. Sivakumaran, Stella M. Davies, Fred G. Pluthero, Lily Lu, Benjamin L. Laskin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Legal Medicine: Legal Dynamics of Medical Encounters
Authors: James E. George
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This comprehensive textbook is authored by members of the American College of Legal Medicine Textbook Committee, most of whom hold earned degrees in both law and medicine. The subjects covered in its 53 chapters are well chosen to illustrate the many-faceted interrelationships between medicine and law. The book should appeal to both practitioners and students in each discipline because of the breadth and variety of subject matter presented. Although the chapters are brief and concise, the reader does not feel teased or cheated. Those who wish to delve more deeply into a particular subject are treated to a scholarly feast of footnoted materials. Joseph McMenamin's chapter "Children as Patients" is generously illustrated by 456 explanatory citations ranging from Genesis to the opinions of the US Supreme Court. The textbook is well organized and refreshing in its scope and balanced treatments of medicolegal subject matter. The topics of medical malpractice and
Defective endothelium-dependent relaxation in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat.
Authors: C J McNamee, C T Kappagoda, R Kunjara, J C Russell
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Endothelium-dependent relaxation of the aorta was assessed in JCR:LA-corpulent rats, which are hyperphagous, hyperlipidemic, hyperinsulinemic, and obese and spontaneously develop atherosclerotic disease and myocardial lesions. The findings in corpulent rats (6 months of age) were compared with those in age-and sex-matched lean rats. Aortic rings were prepared and mounted in Krebs-Henseleit buffer in a conventional organ bath. The tissue was contracted with norepinephrine (10(-6) mol/L), and relaxation was induced using acetylcholine, the calcium ionophore A23187, or bradykinin. The maximum relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in corpulent male rats compared with lean rats, whereas relaxation in response to the calcium ionophore was similar in the corpulent and lean animals. Aortic rings from corpulent and lean female rats showed no differences in response to acetylcholine or to the calcium ionophore. Removal of endothelium resulted in the loss of relaxant response to acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore. The relaxant responses to sodium nitrite were not significantly different in the corpulent and lean male rats when deendothelialized tissues were examined, but the sensitivity to sodium nitrite was significantly lower in rings from corpulent male rats with intact endothelium. There were no differences in the response to bradykinin between corpulent and lean rats. These findings suggest that there is a specific impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the corpulent male rat that is limited to that mediated by muscarinic receptors. The possibility that endothelium-derived contractile agents are secreted in the vessels of corpulent male rats cannot be excluded.
888. Characterization of New Murine Models of Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy: Relevance for Gene Therapy Applications and Studies on Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Ilaria Visigalli, Ubaldo del Carro, Letterio Politi, Angelo Quattrini, Paola Luzi, David Wenger, Luigi Naldini, Alessandra Biffi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The Twitcher mouse (twi) is well known as a naturally occurring authentic mouse model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), characterized by a stop mutation leading to complete deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity. The most commonly used twi mouse is on the C57BL/6J genetic background. Two novel murine models of GLD are currently available beside the original twi: i) the twi crossed into a different genetic background (FVB-Twi), that we generated based on previous indications on the effects of the genetic background in modulating GLD severity (Tominaga K. et al., J. Neurosci. Res. 2004; Biswas S. et al., Neurobiol. of Disease 2002); ii) a mouse with low GALC activity, recently generated in D. Wenger's laboratory by introducing in the murine GALC gene a polymorphism that was found in individuals having some not otherwise explainable neurological abnormalities in the presence of 10–20% residual GALC activity, the trs mouse (Luzi P. et al., Mol. Genetics and Metab. 2001). These three models showed some substantial differences in their phenotype and overall survival, and represent a unique opportunity not only to evaluate gene therapy efficacy in a wider therapeutic window, but also to better investigate disease pathogenesis. We characterized these new models in comparison with the C57BL/6J twi by longitudinal clinical, neurophysiological, neuroradiological and pathological evaluations. FVB-Twi and trs mice have a slightly milder phenotype as compared to original twi, with higher body weight, later onset of twitching, a delayed decline in walking ability, as measured by footprint analysis, longer life span (38±2, 43±2 and 56±4 days in twi, FVB-Twi and trs, respectively), and better general health conditions. Despite the slower progression of the disease, neurophysiological studies showed a severe impairment of motor conduction along both central and peripheral nervous system, with profound reduction of motor conduction velocity (below 8m/sec) and un-evocable MEPs by 30 post-natal days of age in all examined models. Conventional brain MR imaging and histopathology showed lower grade demyelination in FVB-Twi and trs as compared to C57Bl/6 twi, and on going MR diffusion studies will provide quantification of the brain myelin content in the 3 different models. Overall, our data demonstrate the availability of new murine models of GLD characterized by a delayed demyelination as compared to the original twi mutants, that will constitute a precious tool for identifying the best timing of intervention to achieve correction of the GLD phenotype with gene therapy.
Television Film: "Primates"
Authors: Geoffrey H. Bourne
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have just read the editorial by Dr. Kingman, Executive Director of the National Society for Medical Research, on the television film, "Primates" (231:392, 1975). Dr. Kingman states, "Dr. Geoffrey Bourne... was scheduled to appear prior to the showing of the film in an attempt to place it in perspective, but withdrew." This statement is totally incorrect. When I previewed the film, I was very worried about certain segments and made a three-minute videotape introduction that I asked the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) to show prior to the showing of the film. This they refused to do. However, the Atlanta station, and later on, I believe, the St. Louis station, did show the introduction. What the PBS network offered instead was a discussion with Wiseman (the producer) to be presented<i>after</i>the film. I refused to appear on this discussion because the network obviously wanted to use
Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteriole plexus imaging using real-time contrast echocardiography
Authors: Tsutomu Toshida, Tomoko Kutsuyama, Jyuri Okazaki, Hideo Hirayama, Kentaro Ohtani, Yasushi Kashiwagi, Sachiko Yagura, Akiko Iwata, Toshihiko Asanuma, Fuminobu Ishikura, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A Bibliography of Internal Medicine: Selected Diseases
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. Bloomfield's retirement has enabled him to come into full flower as a medical bibliographer of rare skill and great distinction. The biblography and the miscellany of excerpts included in this book resemble that which is seen in the historical section of first-rate monographs dealing with various topics. It is as though Dr. Bloomfield has played the literary Jack Horner and removed many choice plums from the several historic sections for inclusion in this particular volume. I shall have to say for him what a great boy he is. In the majority of examples included in this volume, no effort has been made to go back into the great antiquity of medicine as it frays out in astrology, alchemy, mysticism, and magic. Rather it begins in a general way about 150 years ago when the new spirit of inquiry so well seeded in the Renaissance was bearing fruit in a
Two founder mutations in the <i>SEC23B</i> gene account for the relatively high frequency of CDA II in the Italian population
Authors: Roberta Russo, Antonella Gambale, Maria Rosaria Esposito, Maria Luisa Serra, Annaelena Troiano, Ilaria De Maggio, Mario Capasso, Lucio Luzzatto, Jean Delaunay, Hannah Tamary, Achille Iolascon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type II is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unique abnormalities in the differentiation of cells of the erythroid lineage. The vast majority of CDA II cases result from mutations in the SEC23B gene. To date, 53 different causative mutations have been reported in 86 unrelated cases (from the CDA II European Registry), 47 of them Italian. We have now identified SEC23B mutations in 23 additional patients, 17 Italians and 6 non-Italian Europeans. The relative allelic frequency of the mutations was then reassessed in a total of 64 Italian and 45 non-Italian unrelated patients. Two mutations, E109K and R14W, account for over one-half of the cases of CDA II in Italy. Whereas the relative frequency of E109K is similar in Italy and in the rest of Europe (and is also prevalent in Moroccan Jews), the relative frequency of R14W is significantly higher in Italy (26.3% vs. 10.7%). By haplotype analysis we demonstrated that both are founder mutations in the Italian population. By using the DMLE+ program our estimate for the age of the E109K mutation in Italian population is ≈2,200 years; whereas for the R14W mutation it is ≈3,000 years. We hypothesize that E109K may have originated in the Middle East and may have spread in the heyday of the Roman Empire. Instead, R14W may have originated in Southern Italy. The relatively high frequency of the R14W mutation may account for the known increased prevalence of CDA II in Italy.
Effect of insulin-glucose infusions on plasma glucagon levels in fasting diabetics and nondiabetics.
Authors: P Raskin, Y Fujita, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The effect of the intravenous infusion of insulin plus glucose on plasma glucagon levels was studied in hyperglycemic fasting adult-type and juvenile-type diabetics and compared with fasting nondiabetics. Adult-type diabetics were given insulin for 2 h at a rate of 0.03 U/kg-min, raising their mean insulin to between 25 and 36 muU/ml; glucagon declined from a base-line value of 71+/-2 (SEM) to 56+/-1 pg/ml at 120 min (P less than 0.001). In juvenile-type diabetics given the same insulin-glucose infusion, glucagon declined from a base-line level of 74+/-8 to 55+/-5 pg/ml at 120 min (P less than 0.05). The absolute glucagon values in the diabetic groups did not differ significantly at any point from the mean glucagon levels in nondiabetics given insulin at the same rate plus enough glucose to maintain normoglycemia. When glucagon was expressed as percent of baseline, however, the normoglycemic nondiabetics exhibited significantly lower values than adult-type diabetics at 90 and 120 min and juvenile-type diabetics at 60 min. In nondiabetics given insulin plus glucose at a rate that caused hyperglycemia averaging between 134 and 160 mg/dl, glucagon fell to 41+/-7 pg/ml at 120 min, significantly below the adult diabetics at 90 and 120 min (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.05) and the juvenile group at 60 min (P less than 0.01). The mean minimal level of 39+/-2 pg/ml was significantly below the adult (P less than 0.001) and juvenile groups (P less than 0.05). When insulin was infused in the diabetic groups at a rate of 0.4 U/kg-min together with glucose, raising mean plasma insulin to between 300 and 600 muU/ml, differences from the hyperglycemic nondiabetics were no longer statistically significant. It is concluded that, contrary to the previously reported lack of insulin effect in diabetics during carbohydrate meals, intravenous administration for 2 h of physiologic amounts of insulin plus glucose is accompanied in unfed diabetics by a substantial decline in plasma glucagon. These levels are significantly above hyperglycemic nondiabetics at certain points but differ from normoglycemic nondiabetics only when expressed as percent of the baseline. At a supraphysiologic rate of insulin infusion in diabetics, these differences disappear.
Nocturnal airflow obstruction, histamine, and the autonomic central nervous system in children with allergic asthma.
Authors: W M van Aalderen, D S Postma, G H Koeter, K Knol
Journal: Thorax (1991)

A study was carried out to investigate whether an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system or release of histamine, or both, is responsible for the nocturnal increase in airflow obstruction in asthmatic children. The study comprised 18 children with allergic asthma, nine with (group 1) and nine without (group 2) nocturnal airflow obstruction, and an age matched control group. All drugs were withheld for three days before and during the study. On day 4 each child was admitted to hospital and a series of measurements was made every four hours for 24 hours. These included measurements of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate and sinus arrhythmia gap from an electrocardiogram (an indirect measure of parasympathetic activity) and urine sampling for determination of catecholamine and N'-methylhistamine concentrations (measures of sympathetic activity and histamine release respectively). Urinary N'-methylhistamine excretion was significantly higher over the 24 hours in children in group 1 than in children in group 2, and overnight values were also significantly higher in children in group 1 than those in group 2. Mean (SEM) values (mumol/mol creatinine) were 154.6 (11.2) in group 1 and 110 (11.2) in group 2 for 2400-0400 hours samples and 139.2 (13.1) and 101.2 (10.6) 0400-0800 hours samples. There was no evidence of decreased sympathetic or increased parasympathetic activity in association with the nocturnal airflow obstruction; noradrenaline concentrations were increased in group 1. These observations indicate that nocturnal airflow obstruction is associated with increased release of histamine overnight.
Non-steroidal analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Authors: G Nuki
Journal: BMJ (1983)

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