tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
Authors: Robert L. Young
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970A Prospective Study of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.Robert L. Young, M.D., Lionel E. Harkleroad, B.S.C., John G. Weg, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert E. Lordon, M.D.Robert L. Young, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Lionel E. Harkleroad, B.S.C.Search for more papers by this author, John G. Weg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert E. Lordon, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-809_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSteroid therapy has long been advocated for treatment of pulmonary dysfunction in sarcoidosis. Current medical literature, however, reveals no controlled prospective study which establishes the efficacy of such therapy. Four years ago a prospective study using alternate case treatment with steroids was initiated in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities due to sarcoidosis. Patients with normal pulmonary function were not included in the study. There were 13 patients in the treated group and 12 in the control group. The two groups were similar in sex, age, race, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, and duration of disease. Over 80% of patients in both... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lackland Air Force Base, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 809-809KeywordsGlucocorticoid therapyProspective studiesPulmonary diseasesPulmonary functionRacial and ethnic issuesSarcoidosisSteroid therapy Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute intermittent porphyria: identification and expression of exonic mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene. An initiation codon missense mutation in the housekeeping transcript causes "variant acute intermittent porphyria" with normal expression of the erythroid-specific enzyme.
Authors: C H Chen, K H Astrin, G Lee, K E Anderson, R J Desnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an autosomal dominant inborn error, results from the half-normal activity of the heme biosynthetic enzyme, hydroxymethylbilane synthase (EC 4.3.1.8). Diagnosis of AIP heterozygotes is essential to prevent acute, life-threatening neurologic attacks by avoiding various precipitating factors. Since biochemical diagnosis is problematic, the identification of hydroxymethylbilane synthase mutations has facilitated the detection of AIP heterozygotes. Molecular analyses of unrelated AIP patients revealed six exonic mutations: an initiating methionine to isoleucine substitution (M1I) in a patient with variant AIP, which precluded translation of the housekeeping, but not the erythroid-specific isozyme; four missense mutations in classical AIP patients, V93F, R116W, R201W, C247F; and a nonsense mutation W283X in a classical AIP patient, which truncated the housekeeping and erythroid-specific isozymes. Each mutation was confirmed in genomic DNA from family members. The W283X lesion was found in another unrelated AIP family. Expression of each mutation in Escherichia coli revealed that R201W, C247F, and W283X had residual activity. In vitro transcription/translation studies indicated that the M1I allele produced only the erythroid-specific enzyme, while the other mutant alleles encoded both isozymes. These mutations provide insight into the molecular pathology of classic and variant AIP and facilitate molecular diagnosis in AIP families.
PRODUCTION OF RUNT DISEASE IN TOLERANT MICE BY THE INJECTION OF SYNGENEIC LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: Henry R. Hilgard, Carlos Martinez, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

When chimeric A strain mice tolerant of (A x C57BL/1)F(1) hybrid skin grafts are injected with spleen cells from normal A donors the recipients develop weight loss, clinical evidence of runting, and death in some animals. Similar recipients injected with spleen cells from A strain donors immunized against C57BL/1 tissue show a more rapid onset of the runting process and increased mortality. Runting in. these experiments therefore results from an immune attack by the injected A strain lymphoid cells against the (A x C57BL/1)F(1) hybrid tissue harbored by the chimeric recipients. Since the hybrid tissues of the chimeric recipients were derived from spleen cell populations we conclude that the immunologic rejection of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue is sufficient to cause the runting syndrome. C3H mice tolerant of A strain skin grafts because of the prior injection of viable or disrupted A strain spleen material were given 400 r of x-irradiation and an injection of C3H spleen cells. Only the chimeric C3H mice harboring viable A strain cells developed weight loss and clinical evidence of disease, showing again that runting occurs only when an attack can be made against viable lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue. Normal A strain mice injected intravenously with 850 million (A x C57BL/1)F(1) hybrid spleen cells reject hybrid skin grafts and do not develop runting, whereas the rejection of similar hybrid tissue present in chimeric A strain mice results in runting. It is concluded that runting will occur only when the immunologic attack is directed against lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue which has become established within host tissues. The possibility that runting may result from hypersensitivity reactions occurring in the lymphoid tissues is discussed.
Long-term mortality benefit with abciximab in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Keaven M Anderson, Robert M Califf, Gregg W Stone, Franz-Josef Neumann, Gilles Montalescot, Dave P Miller, James J Ferguson, James T Willerson, Harlan F Weisman, Eric J Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Correction: Error in Article on Interferon-α with Zidovudine
Authors: Susan E. Krown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1990Correction: Error in Article on Interferon-α with ZidovudineSusan E. Krown, MDSusan E. Krown, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-4-334_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Our article (1) contains an error in the sixth line of the abstract section, underMeasurements and Main Results. The sentence that begins, "An interferon-α dosage of 9 million U/d . . ." should read, "An interferon-αn1 dosage of . . . ." This statement refers specifically to interferon-αn1 and not to interferon-α in general....Reference1. KrownGoldNiedzwiecki SJD. Interferon-α with zidovudine: safety, tolerance, and clinical and virologic effects in patients with Kaposi sarcoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:812-21. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1990Volume 113, Issue 4Page: 334-334 Issue Published: 15 August 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The importance of a dedicated patch test clinic
Authors: P. Ormond, E. Hazelwood, B. Bourke, J.F. Lyons, J.F. Bourke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

A specialist patch test clinic was set up in April 1997 at the Department of Dermatology, South Infirmary-Victoria Hospital, Cork, Ireland. The number of batteries available was expanded from six to 21 and the routine testing of patients to their own products was introduced, as was prick testing for latex hypersensitivity.To assess the impact of introducing this clinic on the detection of allergic contact dermatitis.Patch test results for the first full year of operation of the clinic (1998) were compared with those in the year prior to setting it up (1996).Although the number of patients tested rose after the introduction of the new clinic, the difference was not significant as the number of new dermatology general referrals had also risen. Thirty-one of the 91 patients tested in 1996 had positive patch tests compared with 84 of 158 tested in 1998 (P = 0.0036). Eighteen allergens were detected in 1996 and 53 in 1998. Two patients were positive to their own products in 1996, compared with 12 in 1998 (P = 0.04). The commercial batteries were negative in four of these cases. Three cases of latex hypersensitivity were detected in 1998.The introduction of a specialist patch test clinic resulted in an increase in detected cases of allergic contact dermatitis. The larger range of batteries available and the more widespread testing of patients' own products were the principal factors involved.
OPTIMAL GRAFTING STRATEGY FOR MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
Authors: Robert Tranbaugh, Thomas Schwann, Daniel Swistel, Kamellia Dimitrova, Laila Al-Shaar, Darryl Hoffman, Charles Geller, Sandhya Balaram, Wilson Ko, Milo Engoren, Robert Habib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Primary precutting versus conventional over-the-wire sphincterotomy for bile duct access: a prospective randomized study
Authors: A. de Weerth, U. Seitz, Y. Zhong, S. Groth, S. Omar, C. Papageorgiou, S. Bohnacker, S. Seewald, H. Seifert, K. Binmoeller, F. Thonke, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Precut is a well-known technique that is used if repeated attempts at common bile duct (CBD) cannulation fail. Opinions on the complication rate of precut are conflicting, however. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and complication rate of precut used as a primary method of CBD access with the efficacy and safety of the conventional technique. Patients and methods: During the 19-month study period, consecutive patients who were scheduled for first-time endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for a variety of biliary disorders were randomized into two groups: patients in group A underwent conventional wire-guided biliary cannulation followed by ES (with precut being performed only when this failed); in patients in group B precut was used as a primary technique to gain biliary access, followed by wire-guided ES. We used a specially designed, modified Erlangen type of sphincterotome for precutting. Results: A total of 291 patients (100 men, 191 women; mean ± SD age 65 ± 17.5 years) were recruited: 146 patients were assigned to group A (conventional approach) and 145 to group B (primary precut approach). The indications for ES were comparable in the two groups. In group A, wire-guided cannulation of the CBD failed in 42 patients. Secondary precut was successful in 41 of these patients, leading to an overall success rate of 99.3 %. In group B, the ES success rate using primary precut was 100 % at the first attempt. The mean time to successful deep CBD cannulation was 8.3 ± 2.1 minutes in group A and 6.9 ± 1.8 minutes in group B (P < 0.001). The incidence of mild to moderate pancreatitis was similar in the two groups (2.9 % in group A vs. 2.1 % in group B, P > 0.05). Mild bleeding occurred in only one patient (from group A) and this was controlled by epinephrine injection. None of the study patients developed severe pancreatitis or perforation. Conclusions: In experienced hands, an approach using primary precut appears to be at least as successful and safe as a conventional approach using guide-wire-based CBD cannulation followed by ES, and might also be a quicker method.
Physical Activity Attenuates the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in 20,000 Men and Women from EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study
Authors: Shengxu Li, Jing Hua Zhao, Jian'an Luan, Ulf Ekelund, Robert N. Luben, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nicholas J. Wareham, Ruth J. F. Loos
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

We have previously shown that multiple genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) increase the susceptibility to obesity in a cumulative manner. It is, however, not known whether and to what extent this genetic susceptibility may be attenuated by a physically active lifestyle. We aimed to assess the influence of a physically active lifestyle on the genetic predisposition to obesity in a large population-based study.We genotyped 12 SNPs in obesity-susceptibility loci in a population-based sample of 20,430 individuals (aged 39-79 y) from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort with an average follow-up period of 3.6 y. A genetic predisposition score was calculated for each individual by adding the body mass index (BMI)-increasing alleles across the 12 SNPs. Physical activity was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine main effects of the genetic predisposition score and its interaction with physical activity on BMI/obesity risk and BMI change over time, assuming an additive effect for each additional BMI-increasing allele carried. Each additional BMI-increasing allele was associated with 0.154 (standard error [SE] 0.012) kg/m(2) (p = 6.73 x 10(-37)) increase in BMI (equivalent to 445 g in body weight for a person 1.70 m tall). This association was significantly (p(interaction) = 0.005) more pronounced in inactive people (0.205 [SE 0.024] kg/m(2) [p = 3.62 x 10(-18); 592 g in weight]) than in active people (0.131 [SE 0.014] kg/m(2) [p = 7.97 x 10(-21); 379 g in weight]). Similarly, each additional BMI-increasing allele increased the risk of obesity 1.116-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093-1.139, p = 3.37 x 10(-26)) in the whole population, but significantly (p(interaction) = 0.015) more in inactive individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 1.158 [95% CI 1.118-1.199; p = 1.93 x 10(-16)]) than in active individuals (OR = 1.095 (95% CI 1.068-1.123; p = 1.15 x 10(-12)]). Consistent with the cross-sectional observations, physical activity modified the association between the genetic predisposition score and change in BMI during follow-up (p(interaction) = 0.028).Our study shows that living a physically active lifestyle is associated with a 40% reduction in the genetic predisposition to common obesity, as estimated by the number of risk alleles carried for any of the 12 recently GWAS-identified loci. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Abstract 2478: Jagged 2 signalling is active in Langerhans cell histiocytosis and confers pathognomonic features on dendritic cells
Authors: Caroline Hutter, Max Kauer, Gunhild Jug, Ingrid Simonitsch, Heinrich Kovar, Helmut Gadner
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an enigmatic disease defined by the accumulation of eponymous Langerhans-cell-like cells of unknown origin. It is a rare disease that may affect any age group, although its most severe clinical course affects predominantly young children. The clinical manifestations range from single lesions that can resolve spontaneously to systemic disease that requires intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Here we demonstrate that LCH cells exhibit a unique transcription profile that clearly separates them from indigenous dendritic cells (DCs), i.e. Langerhans cells, myeloid dendritic cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, indicating a distinct DC entity that occurs under pathologic conditions. Molecular analysis revealed that LCH cells selectively expressed NOTCH ligand Jagged 2 (JAG2) and were the only DCs that coexpressed both NOTCH ligand and receptor. In line, activated NOTCH was detected in LCH but not control biopsies. Furthermore, we show that JAG2 signalling induces key LCH markers CD1a and Langerin on MoDCs, suggesting a role of NOTCH signalling in LCH ontogenesis. Interestingly, JAG2 also strongly induced matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 in MoDCs, which is highly expressed in LCH lesions and mediates massive tissue destruction and remodelling. The MMP induction by JAG2 was selective for DCs and not recapitulated in monocytes. Together these findings strongly suggest that Jagged2 mediated NOTCH activation confers phenotypic and functional aspects of LCH to DCs. Thus, interference with NOTCH signalling may prove an attractive target to combat this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2478. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2478
Induction of virus-specific modifications recognized by cytotoxic T cells is not altered by prior substitution of target cells with trinitrophenol.
Authors: W E Biddison, H R Snodgrass, J Bennink, R B Effros, P C Doherty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes generated after interaction with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-substituted or virus-infected cells only lyse H-2 compatible target cells modified with the component used to immunize (TNP or virus). Prior saturation of TNP-reactive sites inhibits neither the infectivity of influenza A viruses, nor the capacity of infected cells to develop antigenic changes recognized by influenza-immune T cells. The two antigens are distinct entities on the cell membrane and do not obviously compete to form interactions with H-2 molecules.
Decreased Bone Density and Thyroxine-Reply
Authors: Lewis E. Braverman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We feel that the issues raised by Dr Heath have been addressed in the article itself or the accompanying editorial. Although it is surprising that thyroxine therapy was associated with decreased femoral density without alteration in lumbar spine density, hormone excess or deficiency can have differential effects on cortical and trabecular bone.<sup>1</sup>The underlying diagnosis in the thyroxine-treated women did not affect bone mass. Since the study was not prospective, it is not possible to determine when the decrease in bone density occurred. This points out the need for a prospective, long-term, longitudinal study to confirm the findings in our study and in other reported studies. The 31 women in our study who were receiving thyroxine were all premenopausal, with an age range from 24 to 43 years. We cannot comment on differences in bone densities in women in our study and that of Hurley et al,
Primary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Case Report
Authors: J. H. Kim, M. S. Lee, S. W. Cho, C. S. Shim
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

We report on the case of a 61-year-old woman with a pedunculated esophageal tumor that had a central ulceration. Histology of the resected tumor revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma which was localized entirely in the submucosal layer. The tumor was composed predominantly of solid nests of tumor cells, with some areas showing a cribriform pattern.
Lasker Award: Priority Claim-Reply
Authors: Nathan S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Priority claims to scientific discoveries are often made only after the waters have been so muddied that it is difficult to ascertain the true facts. Fortunately, most of the evidence is still available in the present case. Dr. Saunders' statement at the American Psychiatric Association Regional Research Conference<sup>1</sup>in Galveston, Tex, in February 1955, made no reference to the use of MAO inhibitors in depression and is actually quite irrelevant to the present issue, since Smith<sup>2</sup>and Kamman et al<sup>3</sup>had not only suggested but had also tried iproniazid (Marsilid) in psychiatric patients and published their results in 1953. The accusation, of lack of interest on my part in iproniazid until after Saunders and Loomer had "prepared a report" for the APA Regional Research Conference at Syracuse, is contradicted by the fact that investigation of iproniazid at Rockland State Hospital was undertaken at my
NPM-ALK oncogenic kinase promotes cell-cycle progression through activation of JNK/cJun signaling in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Vasiliki Leventaki, Elias Drakos, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Megan S. Lim, Kojo S. Elenitoba-Johnson, Francois X. Claret, George Z. Rassidakis
Journal: Blood (2007)
Primary HIV infection
Authors: G. Das, P. Baglioni, O. Okosieme
Journal: BMJ (2010)

PRACTICEapproaches to shared care.Health services research to identify cost eff ective models of care and sharing of good practice would be welcome. How will we know when practice has become safer?Healthcare organisations were given until December 2010 to implement the actions in this patient safety alert and are required to report compliance at that point.By 6 October 2010, only a fi fth (70) of the 356 organisations required to take action had reported compliance to the Central Alerting Service.The NPSA will continue to monitor incidents reported by staff .The current quality improvement programme of lithium monitoring will continue, with further clinical audits to measure performance against the standards noted above.
Metabolic Consequences of Oral Administration of 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol to Uremic Dogs
Authors: Janet M. Canterbury, George Gavellas, Jacques J. Bourgoignie, Eric Reiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3], once considered a relatively inert metabolite of vitamin D3, has been recently recognized as a metabolically active product in some species. In previous studies, we have shown that infusion of 24,25(OH)2D3 into the thyroid artery of normal dogs results in prompt and complete suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. In this study, we have examined the metabolic consequences of oral administration of this metabolite in dogs with experimentally induced renal hyperparathyroidism. Dogs with comparable degrees of renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate, 10-15 ml/min) were treated for 3 wk with daily doses of either 2 μg of 24,25(OH)2D3 or 50% ethanol, the vehicle in which the metabolite was suspended. After a 6-wk recovery period, treatments were reversed: dogs who had previously served as controls received the metabolite while dogs previously treated with metabolite received the vehicle. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a 40-60% decrease of immunoreactive PTH. This was associated with a small (0.1-0.2 mg/dl) but unequivocal decrease of serum ionized calcium. Calcium balance, which was slightly negative under control conditions, became slightly but definitively positive on treatment with 24,25(OH)2D3. All other parameters measured, including total serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, electrolytes, phosphorus excretion, and phosphorus balance, remained unchanged. The data support the hypothesis that 24,25(OH)2D3 not only decreases PTH secretion but also functions as an anabolic hormone in bone under the conditions of this experiment.
Mathematics is everywhere
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“He’s the man with the funny ties who does Channel 4 news isn’t he?” My house officer looked somewhat anxious after uttering these words, seeing the crestfallen look on the professor’s face indicating that this wasn’t the answer he was expecting when asking about John Snow, the father of epidemiology and discoverer of the cause of cholera.

We all have our favourite questions when teaching; and, against much modern educational theory, these often tend to be the ones people get wrong. How much radiation is a patient exposed to for each chest x ray …