tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alveolar and Airway Sites of Nitric Oxide Inflammation in Treated Asthma
Authors: Arthur F. Gelb, Colleen Flynn Taylor, Eliezer Nussbaum, Carlos Gutierrez, Aaron Schein, Chris M. Shinar, Mark J. Schein, Joel D. Epstein, Noe Zamel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The goal of this study was to identify airway and alveolar site(s) of inflammation using exhaled nitric oxide (NO) as a marker in treated patients with asthma, including response to oral corticosteroids, and correlate these sites with expiratory airflow limitation. In 53 (24 male) patients with asthma, age 43 ± 23 years (mean ± SD) and all on inhaled corticosteroids, post 180 μg aerosolized albuterol, FEV1 was 74 ± 23% predicted and FEV1/FVC was 68 ± 11%. Exhaled NO at 100 ml/second was 27 ± 23 ppb (p < 0.001 compared with normal, 12 ± 15 ppb). Bronchial NO maximal flux was 2.4 ± 3.1 nl/second (p < 0.001 compared with normal, 0.85 ± 0.55). Alveolar NO concentration was 7.0 ± 7.4 ppb (p = 0.01 compared with the normal value, 3.2 ± 2.0 ppb). There was no significant correlation between FEV1 % predicted or lung elastic recoil and NO bronchial flux or alveolar concentration. However, there was a weak but significant correlation between NO bronchial flux and alveolar concentration (Spearman r = 0.50, p < 0.001). In 10 subjects with asthma on inhaled corticosteroids, 5 days of 30 mg prednisone resulted in isolated significant decreases in NO alveolar concentration, from 13 ± 10 to 4 ± 4 ppb (p = 0.002). Despite treatment, including inhaled corticosteroids, patients with asthma may have ongoing separate airway and alveolar sites of NO inflammation, the latter responsive to oral corticosteroids.
2 years versus 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer (HERA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aron Goldhirsch, Richard D Gelber, Martine J Piccart-Gebhart, Evandro de Azambuja, Marion Procter, Thomas M Suter, Christian Jackisch, David Cameron, Harald A Weber, Dominik Heinzmann, Lissandra Dal Lago, Eleanor McFadden, Mitch Dowsett, Michael Untch, Luca Gianni, Richard Bell, Claus-Henning Köhne, Anita Vindevoghel, Michael Andersson, A Murray Brunt, Douglas Otero-Reyes, Santai Song, Ian Smith, Brian Leyland-Jones, Jose Baselga
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
ELECTROMECHANICAL DELAY DETECTED BY TISSUE DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FREQUENCY OF ATTACKS IN PATIENTS WITH LONE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Ali Nazmi Çalik, Metin Çada, Bari§ Güngör, Özcan Serhan, Gürkan Karaca, Ufuk Gürkan, Hale Yaka Yilmaz, Osman Bolca
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Dunk that cola
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The “God” takes guard for the last time this week, and cricket will never be the same again. As India gets ready to bid adieu to its “Little Master” Sachin Tendulkar, the emotional outpouring reinforces the impression that cricketers make on the minds of young and older people alike.

Commercial endorsements by cricketers are a tricky terrain to navigate. Earlier this year, teams in the Indian Premier League were pulled up for promotion of alcohol brands in contravention of national advertising rules (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3303). As Monika Arora, senior director of HRIDAY (Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth) explains, “. . . associating alcohol with cricket in any form would promote alcohol use among Indians, especially [young people] who …
CHRONIC CYSTITIS IN WOMEN NOT A DISEASE
Authors: GEORGE GILBERT SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The demonstration to this section of the thesis that persistent  in women is in itself not a disease, but is the result of pathologic conditions outside the bladder, strongly resembles the importation of coal into Newcastle. That this conception of  is not generally held by medical men, however, has been illustrated many times in the women's room in the genito-urinary outpatient department of the Massachusetts General Hospital. A number of cases diagnosed as cystitis and accompanied by a too long-deferred request that they be studied have been sent there, not only by outside practitioners, but in some instances by other departments. With practically every one of these patients, the time spent in useless bladder lavage had been wasted, and in some the delay had been even more injurious because of the headway which it had afforded the disease.  Every urologist knows that the normal bladder is extremely resistant
Oscillations in mean arterial blood pressure in conscious dogs.
Authors: S G Shimada, D J Marsh
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Oscillations in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) with periods near 1.5 hours were observed in conscious male dogs with pressure transducers implanted in their aortas.Cardiac output (CO) was measured with an electromagnetic flow probe implanted about the ascending aorta, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated as the ratio of MABP to CO. Heart rate (HR) was measured with a cardiotachometer.Coherence functions were calculated among the four variables (MABP, TPR, CO, and HR) to determine significant oscillations at the frequency of the MABP oscillation.Crossspectral calculations produced phase relationships among the variables.TPR and CO were both oscillating at the same frequency as MABP.However, TPR lagged MABP by 63 degrees, whereas the phase angle for CO and MABP was not significantly different from zero.We concluded that CO must be producing the MABP oscillations, and that the TPR oscillations arose as a reaction to the MABP or CO changes.HR was oscillating in phase with CO, indicating that CO fluctuations were induced in part by HR changes and that the sympathetic nervous system was probably driving the heart.In further experiments, chronic dietary sodium changes did not alter the power spectra for MABP.Thus, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was not responsible for the oscillations; conversely, the oscillations were not acting as a signal to the RAS during sodium-deficient states, a condition known to stimulate the RAS.Circ Res 44; 692-700, 1979 CARDIOVASCULAR periodicities have been known since man first felt his pulse, but the heart beat and circadian rhythms are the only frequencies that have attracted much attention.Rhythms lying between these two extremes have been reported for a number of physiological variables (Kleitman, 1963;Krieger et al., 1971;Lenfant, 1967;Ookhtens et al., 1974;Yamaji et al., 1972), but not for the circulation.We speculated, from very general considerations, that flows and pressures might fluctuate periodically at an intermediate frequency (Marsh, 1973), and the major purpose of this paper is to report observations of such oscillations in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in conscious dogs.The period length is 1.5 hours.An important unresolved question in the area of fluid volume regulation is the identification of the signal that triggers reiim release when extracellular fluid volume is depleted, as during dietary NaCl restriction.Arterial blood pressure governs renin release, at least in part, but MABP remains normal over a wide range of renin secretion rates (Davis and Freeman, 1976).We therefore speculated that a blood pressure signal that varied in the frequency
Potent killing of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma by a chimeric protein of anti-HBsAg single-chain antibody and truncated Bid
Authors: Bo Yan, Qing Ouyang, Zhining Zhao, Feng Cao, Tao Wang, Xiaofei Jia, Yanling Meng, Shuai Jiang, Jiayun Liu, Rui Chen, Lintao Jia, Rui Zhang, Weihong Wen, Boquan Jin, Siyi Chen, Jing Zhao, Angang Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
The Battle for Hospital Privileges
Authors: William J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In recent years, a variety of social and economic forces have combined to increase drastically the demand for access to hospital beds and facilities. Medical practice generally has become progressively more dependent on the sophisticated tools of high technology that unavoidably are concentrated in the hospital institution. The physician population continues to expand, and, increasingly, physicians elect to devote their talents to the practice of ever-narrowing subspecialties, in which the need for access to costly technologies is most acute. As the pace of technological innovation continues to accelerate and medical subspecialties proliferate, government and private institutions redouble their efforts to restrain the escalating costs of health care delivery. Certificate of need laws and the closing and merging of hospitals in response to changing economic conditions have left some physicians with little or no access to hospital facilities. This situation has been aggravated by the growing tendency of hospitals to conclude
Effects of Npt2 gene ablation and low-phosphate diet on renal Na+/phosphate cotransport and cotransporter gene expression
Authors: Hannah M. Hoag, Josée Martel, Claude Gauthier, Harriet S. Tenenhouse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The renal Na+/phosphate (Pi) cotransporter Npt2 is expressed in the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubular cells. We examined the effect of Npt2 gene knockout on age-dependent BBM Na+/Pi cotransport, expression of Na+/Pi cotransporter genes Npt1, Glvr-1, and Ram-1, and the adaptive response to chronic Pi deprivation. Na+/Pi cotransport declines with age in wild-type mice (Npt2+/+), but not in mice homozygous for the disrupted Npt2 allele (Npt2–/–). At all ages, Na+/Pi cotransport in Npt2–/– mice is approximately 15% of that in Npt2+/+ littermates. Only Npt1 mRNA abundance increases with age in Npt2+/+ mice, whereas Npt1, Glvr-1, and Ram-1 mRNAs show an age-dependent increase in Npt2–/– mice. Pi deprivation significantly increases Na+/Pi cotransport, Npt2 protein, and mRNA in Npt2+/+ mice. In contrast, Pi-deprived Npt2–/– mice fail to show the adaptive increase in transport despite exhibiting a fall in serum Pi. We conclude that (a) Npt2 is a major determinant of BBM Na+/Pi cotransport; (b) the age-dependent increase in Npt1, Glvr-1, and Ram-1 mRNAs in Npt2–/– mice is insufficient to compensate for loss of Npt2; and (c) Npt2 is essential for the adaptive BBM Na+/Pi cotransport response to Pi deprivation.
Cell-mediated immunity and its application in toxicology.
Authors: M I Luster, J H Dean, G A Boorman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A variety of in vivo and more recently in vitro assays have been described to assess cell mediated immunity (CMI). Two methods routinely employed in our laboratory to assess CMI following exposure to chemicals in rodents include delayed hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphoproliferation. Preliminary studies indicate that depressed delayed hypersensitivity responses, as performed by a radiometric assay, correlates with altered susceptibility to infectious agents and tumor cell challenge following exposure to immunotoxic chemicals. Furthermore, suppression of T-cell lymphoproliferative responses to at least 50% below control values correlated with depressed delayed hypersensitivity responses and altered host susceptibility. On the other hand, when suppression of T-cell lymphoproliferative responses are within 50% of control values, delayed hypersensitivity and host susceptibility parameters are not affected. Assuming adequate technical expertise and accurate data interpretation, CMI assays of these types can provide a valuable data base for toxicology studies and immunotoxicity assessment.
Ebastine in allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria
Authors: J. Sastre
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Histamine is a key mediator in the development of allergy symptoms, and oral H 1 ‐antihistamines are among the most widely used treatments for symptomatic relief in conditions such as allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. Ebastine is a second‐generation antihistamine which has been shown to be an effective treatment for both seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. In controlled clinical trials in adult and adolescent patients with allergic rhinitis, ebastine 10 mg once‐daily improved symptoms to a significantly greater extent than placebo and to a similar extent as loratadine 10 mg and cetirizine 10 mg (both once‐daily), while ebastine 20 mg proved to be more effective than these two comparator antihistamines. In addition, ebastine was significantly more effective than placebo at relieving the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Ebastine provides efficacy throughout the 24‐h dosing interval with once‐daily administration and clinical benefit is seen from the first day of treatment. Small studies have found beneficial effects for ebastine in patients with other disorders, including cold urticaria, dermographic urticaria, atopic asthma, mosquito bites and (in combination with pseudoephedrine) the common cold. In addition to the regular ebastine tablet, a fast‐dissolving tablet (FDT) formulation, which disintegrates in the mouth without the aid of a drink, is also available. It has been shown to be bioequivalent to the regular tablet, and to be significantly more effective than desloratadine at reducing histamine‐induced cutaneous wheals. A number of patient surveys demonstrated that the majority of individuals who tried the fast‐dissolving formulation reported it to be convenient for use, fast‐acting and preferred it to their previous antihistamine medication. Perhaps most importantly, a large proportion of patients indicated that they would prefer to use this new formulation in the future. Ebastine has a rapid onset of action and it can be administered once‐daily, with or without food. Dose modifications are not needed in elderly patients, or in those with renal or mild to moderate hepatic impairment. Ebastine is generally well‐tolerated, and clinical studies showed that at usual therapeutic doses of 10 and 20 mg once‐daily, it had no clinically relevant adverse effects on cognitive function and psychomotor performance or on cardiovascular function. In conclusion, ebastine is an effective and generally well‐tolerated treatment for allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. In addition to the regular tablet formulation, ebastine is available as a FDT, providing a treatment option that is particularly convenient for patients.
Bus passes could be causing contact dermatitis
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Clinicians should consider the possibility of “bus pass dermatitis” in patients with localised lesions beneath clothing and pockets.

Doctors at McGill University, in Montreal, Quebec, have reported the case of a man who contracted dermatitis on the left side of his chest and was found to have a reaction to his plastic-covered bus pass which he carried in his shirt pocket ( American Journal of Contact Dermatitis 2002:13:146-7).

When a patch test was carried out with the pass, the result was positive after …
Recurrent Ascites as an Unusual Complication of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Eric H. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Small amounts of serosanguinous exudate in the abdominal cavity, clinically insignificant, have been a well recognized feature of acute pancreatitis. Massive, recurrent ascites as a complication of pancreatitis has not been reported. A case is presented which displayed recurrent ascites with normal liver function tests, liver biopsies, and no evidence of portal hypertension. Multiple sections, taken at surgery, were interpreted as fat necrosis of the small bowel and omentum consistent with recent pancreatitis. It is postulated that extensive blocking of lymphatic drainage and peritoneal irritation secondary to widespread fat necrosis is sufficient to explain the marked degree of ascites. In cases of massive ascites of obscure origin pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Prevalence and mortality of the Brugada-type electrocardiogram in one city in Japan
Authors: Yoko Miyasaka, Hisako Tsuji, Koichi Yamada, Satoshi Tokunaga, Daiki Saito, Yusuke Imuro, Noriko Matsumoto, Toshiji Iwasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Knowledge of Drug Ingredients
Authors: LOUIS LASAGNA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975Knowledge of Drug IngredientsLOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-579_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Gagné, Biron, and Moisan (Ann Intern Med82:680-682) have proposed that error on the part of physicians or pharmacists in regard to the exact ingredients of a trade-name item may be explained by these health professionals' not considering the presence of certain ingredients to be worth remembering. There are other possibilities. For instance, I'm not sure that anyoneshouldknow the names of the three alkaloids in Hydergine®. In the case of something like Librax®, it may well be that a doctor or a pharmacist would know this was a combination of chlordiazepoxide and an anticholinergic of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 260 Crittenden Boulevard Rochester, New York 14642 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 579-579KeywordsAlkaloidsDrugsPharmacists Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Heat Shock Protein 70 Increases Tumorigenicity and Inhibits Apoptosis in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ali Aghdassi, Phoebe Phillips, Vikas Dudeja, Dhara Dhaulakhandi, Rifat Sharif, Rajinder Dawra, Markus M. Lerch, Ashok Saluja
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Pancreatic carcinoma is a malignant disease that responds poorly to chemotherapy because of its resistance to apoptosis. Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are not only cytoprotective but also interfere with the apoptotic cascade. Here, we investigated the role of Hsp70 in regulating apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Hsp70 expression was increased in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal pancreatic ductal cells. This was confirmed by increased mRNA levels for Hsp70 in human pancreatic cancer tissue compared with neighboring normal tissue from the same patient. Depletion of Hsp70 by quercetin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal pancreatic ductal cells. To show that this is a specific effect of Hsp70 on apoptosis, levels of Hsp70 were knocked down by short interfering RNA treatment, which also induced apoptosis in cancer cells as indicated by Annexin V staining and caspase activation. Daily administration of quercetin to nude mice decreased tumor size as well as Hsp70 levels in tumor tissue. These findings indicate that Hsp70 plays an important role in apoptosis and that selective Hsp70 knockdown can be used to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):616–25]
Reply from Authors re: Axel Haferkamp and N. Djakovic's Editorial Comment on: Jörg Dabernig, Odhran P. Shelley, Guiseppe Cuccia and Jürgen Schaff. Urethral Reconstruction Using the Radial Forearm Free Flap. Experience in Oncologic Cases and Gender Reassignment. Eur Urol 2007;52:547–54
Authors: Jörg Dabernig
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Models of Sequence Evolution for DNA Sequences Containing Gaps
Authors: Gráinne McGuire, Michael C. Denham, David J. Balding
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Most evolutionary tree estimation methods for DNA sequences ignore or inefficiently use the phylogenetic information contained within shared patterns of gaps. This is largely due to the computational difficulties in implementing models for insertions and deletions. A simple way to incorporate this information is to treat a gap as a fifth character (with the four nucleotides being the other four) and to incorporate it within a Markov model of nucleotide substitution. This idea has been dismissed in the past, since it treats a multiple-site insertion or deletion as a sequence of independent events rather than a single event. While this is true, we have found that under many circumstances it is better to incorporate gap information inadequately than to ignore it, at least for topology estimation. We propose an extension to a class of nucleotide substitution models to incorporate the gap character and show that, for data sets (both real and simulated) with short and medium gaps, these models do lead to effective use of the information contained within insertions and deletions. We also implement an ad hoc method in which the likelihood at columns containing multiple-site gaps is downweighted in order to avoid giving them undue influence. The precision of the estimated tree, assessed using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to find the posterior distribution over tree space, improves under these five-state models compared with standard methods which effectively ignore gaps.
HTLV-I/II associated disease in England and Wales, 1993-7: retrospective review of serology requests
Authors: J. H C Tosswill
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Apart from HIV two exogenous retroviruses (human T cell leukaemia viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II)) infect humans.HTLV-I infection is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, Africa, and Melanesia and is found among immigrants from these regions in Europe.HTLV-I infection is associated with a 1-5% lifetime risk of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma, 1 a 0.25% lifetime risk of HTLV-I associated myelopathy, 2 and other inflammatory conditions (uveitis, alveolitis, and arthritis). 1 HTLV-II infection is endemic in some native American and African peoples and among injecting drug users and has been associated with neurological disease. 1 Between 1986 and 1992, 100 cases of HTLV-I associated myelopathy and 44 cases of adult T cell leukaemia/ lymphoma were diagnosed in the United Kingdom. 3 Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma was first described in 1977 and patients with it have a mean life expectancy of only six months, so most of the 44 cases were probably incident cases.However, HTLV-I associated myelopathy causes prolonged morbidity and was not recognised as a clinical entity until 1985; thus the 1986-92 data may include many prevalent cases.We therefore sought to determine the incidence of HTLV-I/II related diseases in England and Wales since 1992.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a somatostatin analogue released from PLGA microspheres
Authors: Marı́a J. Blanco-Prı́eto, Kamel Besseghir, Oliver Zerbe, Dani Andris, Piero Orsolini, Frédéric Heimgartner, Hans P. Merkle, Bruno Gander
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2000)