tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cromoglycate and other antiallergic drugs: a possible mechanism of action.
Authors: J C Foreman, L G Garland
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Objective</h3> To describe the characteristics of pregnant women with and without pregestational diabetes and to estimate the prevalence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women recorded in a UK primary care database. <h3>Methods</h3> The data source for this study is The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database. Pregnant women with and without diabetes aged 16 years and over were identified using diagnostic Read codes and prescriptions for antidiabetics from medical records. Data were examined on: age, body mass index (BMI), social deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and glycaemic control. The prevalence of pregestational diabetes was calculated by diabetes type and calendar year between 1995 and 2012. <h3>Results</h3> Data from 400 434 pregnancies suggests that women with pregestational diabetes were: older (median 29, 32 vs 29 years for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively), had higher BMI (median 25.0, 30.4 vs 23.9 k/m<sup>2</sup> for type 1, type 2 and without diabetes, respectively) and were registered with a general practice for longer than pregnant women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy increased from 1.56 to 4.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2015. For type 2 diabetes the increase was from 2.34 to 5.09 per 1000 pregnancies between 1995 and 2008 followed by a more rapid increase to 10.62 per 1000 pregnancies by 2012. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes were older, had higher BMI and were registered for longer than women without diabetes. The prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased in pregnancy. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes rose more rapidly with a marked increase after 2008.
Up-regulated expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells during transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts
Authors: Heinz Fehrenbach, Ralf Weiskirchen, Michael Kasper, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell-surface molecules. Blockade of RAGE has been reported to considerably improve liver function and accelerate regeneration after hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell type-specific expression of RAGE, and to examine whether transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) into myofibroblasts (MFB) is associated with changes in RAGE expression. Northern blot analysis revealed that RAGE mRNA was exclusively expressed by HSC isolated from rat liver, while no transcripts were seen in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, or sinusoidal endothelial cells. Expression of RAGE mRNA was up-regulated during transdifferentiation of HSC into MFB. Concomitantly, expression of RAGE protein was increased as confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. As assessed by radioactive labeling, transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) induced a time-dependent 2- to 15-fold increase in the de novo synthesis of RAGE protein, which was completely abolished using PD098059, a specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase. As shown by double-immunofluorescence staining, RAGE colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin, and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated the most prominent labeling for RAGE at filopodial membranes of MFB. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that expression of RAGE is restricted to rat HSC, and that expression is up-regulated during activation of HSC and transition to MFB. The preferential immunogold labeling of RAGE to focal membrane areas of filopodia of MFB is suggestive of a role of RAGE in the spreading and migration of activated HSC/MFB, major players in liver fibrogenesis.
Deficiency of caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 (CARD11), causes profound combined immunodeficiency in human subjects
Authors: Polina Stepensky, Baerbel Keller, Mary Buchta, Anne-Kathrin Kienzler, Orly Elpeleg, Raz Somech, Sivan Cohen, Idit Shachar, Lisa A. Miosge, Michael Schlesier, Ilka Fuchs, Anselm Enders, Hermann Eibel, Bodo Grimbacher, Klaus Warnatz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Genetics and Genomics of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Florent Soubrier, Wendy K. Chung, Rajiv Machado, Ekkehard Grünig, Micheala Aldred, Mark Geraci, James E. Loyd, C. Gregory Elliott, Richard C. Trembath, John H. Newman, Marc Humbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Endoscopic-bioptical Diagnosis of Antral Mucosa within the Duodenal Stump
Authors: W. Pohl, E. Flachsenberg, K. Elster
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

In a 26-year-old man an anastomotic ulcer developed following Billroth II resection. Endoscopic intubation of the afferent loop was successful with bioptical demonstration of a retained antrum in the duodenal stump. Since only by this method the pathogenesis of recurrent ulceration in an operated stomach may be verified biopsy of the duodenal stump should be performed in all stomal ulcers.
Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critical Illness—Reply
Authors: Gordon S. Doig, Fiona Simpson
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemic Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: Jeffrey D. Band
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Between June 18 and July 9, 1979, Legionnaires' disease (LD) developed in 13 persons who had visited a hotel complex in Wisconsin. All had visited the part of the hotel that contains the restaurants and meeting rooms (building A). Legionnaires' disease occurred in 1% who had been exclusively in the meeting rooms and in 0.1% who had eaten only at the hotel restaurants. Furthermore, 1.5% exposed to meeting room 1 and none of those exposed only to the other meeting rooms had LD. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from water in the cooling tower on top of building A. Located within 5 m downwind of the cooling-tower exhaust, a chimney with an open damper allowed cooling-tower exhaust (as demonstrated by air tracer studies) to enter meeting room 1 via the fireplace. Although cases did not occur after the cooling-tower water was treated by continuous hyperchlorination and the chimney was sealed, a seven-day lag occurred between treatment and elimination of the organism from the tower water.
Neovascularization of adventitial vase vasorum in experimental hypercholesterolemic coronary arteries: visualization by a microscopic three-dimensional computerized tomography
Authors: Hyuck Moon Kwon, Giusoppe Sangiorgi, Erik L. Ritman, Charles Mckenna, David R. Holmes, Robert S. Schwartz, Amir Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
POTENTIATION OF THE T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO MITOGENS
Authors: Igal Gery, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Effective supernatants (SUP), which potentiate mouse T-cell responses to phytohemagglutin (PHA), are obtained from cells of several species (human, rabbit, rat, mouse) and indeed from syngeneic spleen, thymus, or bone marrow cells. Unstimulated cells release some SUP activity but more is produced after stimulation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced very active SUP in all cultures tested. PHA was similarly active on human leukocytes only, whereas concanavalin A (Con A) gave highly efficient SUP only with mouse spleen cells. SUP production is not correlated with a mitotic response of the donor cells and is observed in cultures unable to respond mitotically to the stimulant. Adherent mouse spleen cell populations, consisting largely or entirely of macrophages, produce active SUP, while nonadherent cells do not. Similarly, purification of human peripheral leukocytes on nylon columns, with removal of macrophages and other adherent cells, destroys their ability to produce SUP. The importance of indirect effects in stimulating mitotic responses of T cells is emphasized by the fact that the mitotic response of mouse thymocytes to LPS and its ability to potentiate the response of these cells to PHA disappears with removal of adherent cells from the thymocyte population. Conversely the production of SUP from spleen cells stimulated by Con A requires the presence of T cells.
Community obstetric care in West Berkshire.
Authors: L F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1991)

improve "academic achievement."Supportive evidence for the effectiveness of treatment in definite cases of hypothyroidism was later pro- vided.5Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism is now widely accepted because hormonal supplementation prevents adverse physical and neurological sequelae of the disorder.We have postulated that intrauterine hypothyroidism of early onset may result in irreversible brain damage and be one of the underlying causes of mental handicap in infants with chromosomal abnormalities.If this is the case short term intrauterine hormone supplementation during a critical stage of develop- ment may reduce impaired neurological development.
Mitochondrial Response to Heart Rate Steps in Isolated Rabbit Heart Is Slowed After Myocardial Stunning
Authors: C.J. Zuurbier, J.H.G.M. van Beek
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

The oxidative capacity of mitochondria isolated from myocardium is undiminished after myocardial stunning, which is remarkable because stunning affects many other cellular functions. The aim of the present study was to assess the mitochondrial oxidative response in intact rather than isolated myocardium. The mean response time of mitochondrial O2 consumption to heart rate steps (tmito) was measured before and after 15-minute ischemia or high-flow hypoxia in isolated rabbit hearts. The tmito was calculated from the time course of venous O2 tension to steps in heart rate, with corrections made for diffusion and vascular transport delay. Isovolumic hearts were perfused with Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. Developed left ventricular pressure at 35 minutes of reperfusion was decreased significantly to 67 +/- 3% after ischemia (mean +/- SEM, n = 8) and to 79 +/- 6% after hypoxia (n = 8) relative to the control condition (n = 8), without increased cellular creatine kinase release. Before ischemia or hypoxia, tmito was 4.3 +/- 0.3 seconds. During reperfusion after ischemia or hypoxia, the increase in tmito (by 62 +/- 10% and 64 +/- 18%, respectively) was significantly larger than that in time controls (24 +/- 12% increase). The major determinant of decreased contractility and slower mitochondrial response appeared to be O2 deprivation and/or reintroduction rather than other consequences of stopped flow. O2 consumption at a given rate-pressure product was not increased after ischemia or hypoxia, indicating undiminished cardiac contractile economy. Brief ischemia or hypoxia, resulting in stunning, was associated with a slowing of the in vivo mitochondrial oxidative response, indicating that energy transfer and/or signaling between energy-consuming sites and mitochondria is affected in stunned myocardium.
Visualization of a Recanalized Umbilical Vein on Hepatobiliary Imaging with CT Correlation
Authors: MICHAEL S. ALEXANDER, RODGER A. BLAKE, RUSSELL GELMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Demonstration of a recanalized umbilical vein on a hepatobiliary scan is an unusual finding. In the case presented, CT correlation confirms the nature and course of this collateral channel, in addition to other typical features of alcoholic cirrhosis that were demonstrated on the hepatobiliary scan. A recanalized umbilical vein can occur in patients with long-standing portal hypertension to provide a collateral venous channel, allowing blood to bypass the liver and return to the systemic circulation via superficial anterior abdominal veins. Recanalization of the umbilical vein can also occur in cases of SVC obstruction, providing hepatopedal flow.
New therapeutic possibility for restenosis after angioplasty by inhibiting protein-tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin
Authors: K. Miyoshi, Y. Nozawa, E. Sasaki, H. Terakawa, N. Oda, Y. Tanahashi, Y. Yamasaki, Y. Muranaka, H. Miyake, N. Matsuura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Some Aspects of the History of Swiss Psychiatry
Authors: MANFRED BLEULER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

After reviewing some of the major accomplishments of individual Swiss psychiatrists, the author presents his view that great contributions to the progress of science, and particularly psychiatry, are closely related to the historical and cultural milieu in which the scientist works. As a result of the special circumstances prevailing at various times in their history the Swiss were able to make important contributions to the advancement of psychiatry; among them were an emphasis on the psychiatrist's developing a close relationship with his patients, their relatives, and their social group.
Haemoglobin based blood substitutes raise risk of myocardial infarction and death
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Haemoglobin based blood substitutes are associated with a nearly threefold increase in the risk of myocardial infarction and a 30% higher risk of death in comparison with other solutions used in blood replacement, concludes a meta-analysis published this week.

The authors of the study, published in JAMA (doi: 10.1001/jama.299.19.jrv80007), argue that if the results of individual trials had been made public as they became available to researchers, patients may not have experienced adverse events in subsequent studies. 

No further phase III studies of the products should be carried out for the time being, say commentators in an accompanying editorial (doi: 10.1001/jama.299.19.jed80027).

A large proportion of blood substitutes—products with a long shelf life that can be used to replace blood lost by trauma patients or patients undergoing surgery—currently in development are based on haemoglobin.

Even though early trials raised questions about the safety …
Treatment of Bed-wetting
Authors: David Taber
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Apropos of the article on bed-wetting by Stewart (232:281, 1975), your readers might be interested in my experience as a young child. At a physician's direction, before going to sleep I was wrapped with a bath towel knotted in front, so that lying face downward would be uncomfortable. My recollection is that that device, together with gold stars for dry nights, very shortly cured me of bed-wetting.
Treatment of asthmatic patients with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor‐1 antagonist montelukast (Singulair), decreases the eosinophil survival‐enhancing activity produced by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: K. Becler, L. Håkansson, S. Rak
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Montelukast (Singulair, MSD) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of asthma. We aimed to investigate the effect of montelukast treatment on the production of eosinophil survival‐enhancing cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Methods: PBMNC obtained from 15 grass‐allergic patients (7 treated with montelukast and 8 with a placebo) were cultured for 72 h. Eosinophils from allergic patients were cultured with MNC supernatants alone or with addition of neutralizing antibodies, and the proportion of living cells was assessed by flow cytometry. In another experiment PBMNC from 6 allergic patients were cultured in vitro in the presence of montelukast or vehicle. Following stimulation the production of GM‐CSF in monocytes was assessed. Results: Eosinophil survival in the MNC supernatants from the placebo‐treated patients was significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) higher than in supernatants from montelukast‐treated patients. GM‐CSF was the predominant cytokine responsible for the eosinophil survival‐enhancing activity (ESEA). In vitro production of GM‐CSF by allergen‐stimulated monocytes was significantly suppressed by addition of montelukast. Conclusion: Treatment of patients with montelukast decreased the production of MNC‐derived cytokines, particularly GM‐CSF. We suggest that cysteinyl leukotriene receptor‐1 (CysLT‐R 1 ) antagonists may act, at least partially, by diminishing the production of GM‐CSF from PBMNCs.
Monophasic action potentials, electrocardiograms and mechanical performance in normal and ischaemic epicardial segments of the pig ventricle in situ
Authors: M. J. LAB, K. V. WOOLLARD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Few studies report simultaneous electrical and mechanical recordings from the epicardium of intact beating hearts in situ during ischaemia. We use suction to apply transducers and electrodes to areas of the epicardium. This interferes little with its behaviour and allows: i) free mobility over the surface; ii) simultaneous tridirectional length changes to be recorded and summed for an overall impression of mechanical behaviour, iii) detection of changes in direction of movement; iv) simultaneous recordings of monophasic action potential and epicardial ECG. During ischaemia we can detect impaired contraction with dyskinesis and a change in direction of epicardial forces. The action potential duration shortens and we have noted impaired conduction, inexitability and recordings consistent with re-entry leading to ventricular fibrillation.
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Vascular Reactivity: Potential Cellular Mechanisms*
Authors: MARGUERITTE MABRY WHITE, STACY ZAMUDIO, TROY STEVENS, ROBERT TYLER, JOANN LINDENFELD, KIMBERLY LESLIE, LORNA G. MOORE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

FEMALE hormones are broadly recognized as affecting susceptibility to vascular disease, yet comparatively little is known about the cellular mechanisms by which they exert their effects. While clinical and epidemiological data support a protective effect of estrogen on cardiovascular function, a female predominance in other vascular disorders suggests that sex steroids influence the pathogenesis of vascular disease as well. Most of the literature on cellular effects of estrogen and progesterone has emerged from studies in the breast, uterus, and brain. Whether similar mechanisms occur in the vasculature and influence susceptibility to vascular disease is largely unknown. The purpose of this review is to provide a framework for identifying the mechanisms by which female sex steroids influence vascular function. A diverse literature encompassing clinical observations, whole animal, isolated vessel, and cell culture studies has been incorporated in the hopes of providing a common basis for considering the influences of the female sex steroids on the vascular system.
P1-052: Menopausal status of women may affect survival in advanced NSCLC: Analysis of recent Eastern Cooperate Oncology Group (ECOG) studies using age of 60 years or older as a surrogate marker
Authors: Heather A. Wakelee, Suzanne E. Dahlberg, Joan H. Schiller, Corey J. Langer, Alan B. Sandler, Julie R. Brahmer, Chandra P. Belani, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Skin intrinsic fluorescence is associated with hemoglobin A1c and hemoglobin glycation index but not mean blood glucose in children with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1816–1820
Authors: DL Felipe, JM Hempe, S Liu, N Matter, J Maynard, C Linares, SA Chalew
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Felipe DL, Hempe JM, Liu S, Matter N, Maynard J, Linares C, Chalew SA. Skin intrinsic fluorescence is associated with hemoglobin A1c and hemoglobin glycation index but not mean blood glucose in children with …
Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labour
Authors: K D Salzmann
Journal: BMJ (1982)

showed, in addition, early caecal perforation in the area of maximum dilatation.Histologically, although the bowel wall was thinned, the reason for the dilatation was not apparent.In all cases the ulceration remained super- ficial, ganglion cells appeared normal, and there was only a mild inflammatory cell infiltrate.Even if future studies confirm the association between Cl difficile and toxic megacolon of inflammatory bowel disease, the vital clinical message is that careful patient monitoring will still be mandatory.Despite the availability of antibiotics to treat Cl difficile, its associated toxic dilatation can still be fatal, the bowel can perforate, and surgical resection may be necessary.
Smoke and mirrors: deficiencies in disaster funding
Authors: Peter Walker, Ben Wisner, Jennifer Leaning, Larry Minear
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Disasters such as the recent tsunami, which derail development can no longer be viewed as short term blips from which society readily recovers 

The headline concern for the tsunami victims, living and dead, will be with us for a few weeks; by contrast, their need for assistance and reform will stretch over decades. Huge sums have been pledged in aid and a bold commitment made to build an Indian Ocean tsunami warning system. But, if past is precedent, only a fraction of recent pledges will materialise and the already overdue warning system will remain a pipe dream for the affected communities. The headlines rightly applaud the compassionate outpouring of the public around the world but fail to question the logic of promoting one-off giving from individuals rather than sustained involvement by governments. Disasters are part of normality, and if we are to have a longlasting effect we need to rethink the way aid is delivered and invest in development to help minimise the effects of natural phenomena.

The pledging of $5bn (£2.6bn, €3.8bn) for survivors of the tsunami only three weeks after the event, is an impressive expression of global concern. The track record of delivering on such commitments, however, is anything but reassuring (table 1). Pledges fail to materialise for a host of reasons, some rational but some indefensible. Countries affected by disaster may have difficulty in absorbing huge aid flows quickly. Disasters destroy the infrastructure vital to delivering aid. Many of the civil servants, technicians, and local leaders who would normally carry out rehabilitation work may be killed in the disaster, as they were in the Rwandan genocide and the tsunami.

View this table:

Table 1 
Disparity between pledging and delivery of aid after disasters



Donors may attach conditions that make contributions difficult to use. These conditions may reflect a policy agenda (such …
A frequent LRRK2 gene mutation associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease
Authors: Alessio Di Fonzo, Christan F Rohé, Joaquim Ferreira, Hsin F Chien, Laura Vacca, Fabrizio Stocchi, Leonor Guedes, Edito Fabrizio, Mario Manfredi, Nicola Vanacore, Stefano Goldwurm, Guido Breedveld, Cristina Sampaio, Giuseppe Meco, Egberto Barbosa, Ben A Oostra, Vincenzo Bonifati
Journal: The Lancet (2005)