tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Protumor Role of γδ T Lymphocytes: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Margarida Rei, Daniel J. Pennington, Bruno Silva-Santos
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are key mediators of tumor immune surveillance and are important prognostic indicators in cancer progression. Among the various lymphocyte subsets implicated in protection against cancer are γδ T lymphocytes, which can kill tumor cells and secrete potent antitumor cytokines. By contrast, recent reports have revealed an unexpected series of protumor functions of γδ T cells in mouse models and human patients. In particular, specific γδ T-cell subsets are capable of recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid populations, inhibiting antitumor responses, and enhancing angiogenesis, thus promoting cancer progression. A common mediator of such functions appears to be the cytokine IL17, whose pathogenic effects can override the antitumor immune response orchestrated by IFNγ. Here, we review these studies and discuss their implications for the manipulation of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Fluid Repletion in Circulatory Shock
Authors: Max Harry Weil
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Measurement of central venous pressure is of practical aid in evaluating the patient in shock. The use of a disposable unit, combining a continuous venous pressure monitor and a standard venous infusion set, makes this an accurate, simple, and reliable measurement which may be used routinely in critically ill patients. Venous pressure does not accurately reflect blood volume but indicates the competence of the heart to accept and expel the blood returned to it. As such it is an excellent guide to "safe" volume repletion. A quantitative measure of blood volume is useful in the management of shock, but pulse rate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values fail as dependable guides for the bedside physician.
Identification of a specific HLA DR2 Ia molecule as a restriction element for measles virus-specific HLA class II-restricted cytotoxic T cell clones.
Authors: S Jacobson, G T Nepom, J R Richert, W E Biddison, H F McFarland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

By using a panel of HLA-D-defined subtypes of HLA-DR2 HCL with known beta chain structural variabilities, we have demonstrated that HLA-DR2, OKT4+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for measles virus are apparently restricted to a distinct DR beta chain. The presence of this DR beta 2 molecule correlated precisely with the susceptibility of measles virus-infected HLA-DR2 HCL to lysis by these CTL clones. These studies demonstrate that delineation of HLA-DR2 into various subgroups can have a functional significance that parallels the structural differences within the HLA-D region. These results are discussed in the context of the possible association of HLA class II-restricted, measles virus-specific CTL and multiple sclerosis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis As a Systemic Disease
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Rheumatology has really come of age if two of the first four volumes in this series are devoted to topics germane to this discipline. A previous volume on Sjögren syndrome provided an excellent review of that subject; this current book is less comprehensive, perhaps offering testimony that recent investigations into this complex disease have made it impossible to summarize all pertinent information in 253 pages. Those sections devoted to basic mechanisms, especially as they pertain to aspects of immunity, are erudite and provocative. There are few writings extant that so clearly explain the current observations and theories regarding T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and their role in pathogenesis. Throughout, in fact, the book is an immunologist's delight. Basic biochemical aspects are less comprehensively handled, although in sufficient detail to mirror the contemporary viewpoint, but biomechanical aspects are notably absent. In the section on pathology, molecular biology supersedes histology. Clinical descriptions
The Organic Food Myth
Authors: Thomas H. Jukes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MANY people are worried about contamination that they think exists in their foods. This feeling has always existed, and it is now focused on a fear of "chemical residues" and "additives." The apprehension resulted in part from a series of widely publicized episodes; among them are the banning of cyclamates, contamination of poultry meat with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dieldrin, the "Chinese Restaurant syndrome" (attributed to monosodium glutamate), nitrates in baby foods, and the bans on diethylstilbestrol (DES) in meat, and on the use of DDT in agriculture. Some of these incidents are the results of highly sensitive analytical methods used for detecting minute traces of contaminants. Indeed, contaminants are readily found, but at levels not known to have any injurious effect. The fear of residues in foods is actually based on a state of mind, not on tangible evidence. Progress in technology has placed us consumers out of touch
2009 Theme Issue on Violence and Human Rights—Call for Papers
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2008)

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS AMONG THE MOST SEvere outcomes associated with violence. In the United States, TBI is a contributing factor to 30.5% of all injury-related deaths. The fourth leading cause of TBI (after falls, “struck by/against,” and motor vehicle crashes) is assault, which accounted for 15 341 hospitalizations and 5813 deaths in the years 2002 through 2006. In this issue of JAMA, Zafonte et al report the results of a randomized trial of citicoline, a widely used pharmacotherapy for the treatment of patients with TBI. In this trial, 9.3% of the study participants were injured in assaults. Zafonte et al found that citicoline treatment did not result in improvement of cognitive or functional status, and as acknowledged in an accompanying editorial by Ruff and Riechers, there are no specific, evidence-based therapies for patients with complicated mild or moderate TBI resulting from assault or any other mechanism. Randomized trials of interventions for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with TBI are clearly needed, even if the interventions turn out to be ineffective. The value of “negative” studies is to expose critical gaps in knowledge and redirect attention to promising alternatives. To further promote the scientific evaluation of promising interventions for the causes of violence and human rights abuses and the clinical management of their related health effects, including TBI, we invite manuscripts for another JAMA theme issue on violence and human rights, to be published on August 7, 2013. Authors may submit manuscripts addressing any topic related to violence, war, civil conflict, or human rights abuses. Randomized controlled trials of preventive, therapeutic, or rehabilitative interventions are of primary interest, but we will also consider reports of observational studies and systematic reviews that address new and important findings in the fields of violence and human rights, as well as scholarly Viewpoints. Manuscripts received by March 15, 2013, will have the best chance of consideration for publication in this theme issue. Submitted manuscripts will undergo JAMA’s usual rigorous editorial evaluation and peer review. Please follow JAMA’s instructions for authors for manuscript preparation and submission. We look forward to receiving manuscripts and inquiries about prospective articles for this theme issue.
The Fourth Book
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It was held widely from the 12th century through the 17th that God expressed Himself in three "books"—the Book of Nature or the World, the Bible, and the divine imprint on the heart or soul.<sup>1</sup>With the advances in mathematics in the 17th century, the Book of Nature was perceived as mathematical rather than verbal in form. "The universe," wrote Galileo, "is written in the language of mathematics and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometric figures without which it is humanly impossible to understand a single word of it."<sup>2</sup>The language of the Bible is verbal, of course. But the language of the Third Book, the divine imprint on the individual conscience, transcended ordinary discourse. It was intuitive and visionary, capable only of imperfect partial transcription into verbal communication. Individual perceptions of the three divine Books did not, however, always accord with one another. Galileo's reading
Marijuana, Memory, and Perception
Authors: RHEA L. DORNBUSH, MAX FINK, ALFRED M. FREEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The effect of high and low doses of marijuana on behavioral and physiological responses was studied in male medical school volunteers. Short-term memory, reaction time, EEG, and heart rate were significantly affected by the higher dose; time estimation and blood sugar were not differentially affected by either dose.
Is endoscopic submucosal dissection really contraindicated for a large submucosal lipoma of the colon?
Authors: K. Okada, T. Shatari, K. Suzuki, T. Tamada, T. Sasaki, T. Suwa, M. Hori, M. Sakuma
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has recently been developed for endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, enabling en bloc resection of even large tumors [1] [2]. Although many endoscopists now perform ESD for early-stage gastric cancer, ESD has yet to be established as a safe therapy for colonic diseases, even in Japan. It is still unclear whether ESD is indicated for submucosal tumors (SMTs), and ESD for colonic diseases is still a controversial issue due to the considerable risk of perforation. In the pre-ESD era, SMTs required surgical treatment. Here we describe a unique case of a large submucosal lipoma of the colon which was successfully resected en bloc by ESD.
Globin chain synthesis in the alpha thalassemia syndromes
Authors: Yuet Wai Kan, Elias Schwartz, David G. Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Whole blood samples of patients with various forms of alpha thalassemia including hemoglobin H disease, alpha thalassemia trait, and the "silent carrier" state were incubated with leucine-(14)C for definition of relative rates of production of alpha and beta chains in these disorders. The chains were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea and dithiothreitol. Their absorptions at 280 mmu were determined and their radioactivities measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. After correction for differences in extinction coefficients, the specific activities of the widely separated alpha and beta peaks were determined. In 11 nonthalassemic individuals, the alpha/beta specific activity ratios were found to be 1.02+/-0.07; in nine patients with alpha thalassemia trait, 0.77+/-0.05; in six patients with hemoglobin H disease, 0.41+/-0.11; and in four "silent carriers," 0.88 with a range of 0.82-0.95. The results show that in peripheral blood, alpha chain production relative to beta chain production is indeed limited in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. Hemoglobin H disease results from doubly heterozygous inheritance of a gene resulting in moderate depression of alpha chain production (alpha thalassemia trait) and a gene resulting in very mild depression of alpha chain production (the "silent carrier" syndrome."
Effect on falls of providing single lens distance vision glasses to multifocal glasses wearers: VISIBLE randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. J. Haran, I. D. Cameron, R. Q. Ivers, J. M. Simpson, B. B. Lee, M. Tanzer, M. Porwal, M. M. S. Kwan, C. Severino, S. R. Lord
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether the provision of single lens distance glasses to older wearers of multifocal glasses reduces falls. <b>Design</b> Parallel randomised controlled trial stratified by recruitment site and source of referral, with 13 months' follow-up and outcome assessors blinded to group allocation. <b>Setting</b> Community recruitment and treatment room assessments in Sydney and Illawarra regions of NSW, Australia. <b>Participants</b> 606 regular wearers of multifocal glasses (mean age 80 (SD 7) years). Inclusion criteria included increased risk of falls (fall in previous year or timed up and go test &gt;15 seconds) and outdoor use of multifocal glasses at least three times a week. <b>Interventions</b> Provision of single lens distance glasses with recommendations for wearing them for walking and outdoor activities compared with usual care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Number of falls and injuries resulting from falls during follow-up. <b>Results</b> Single lens glasses were provided to 275 (90%) of the 305 intervention group participants within two months; 162 (54%) of the intervention group reported satisfactory use of distance glasses for walking and outdoor activities for at least 7/12 months after dispensing. In the 299 intervention and 298 control participants available to follow-up, the intervention resulted in an 8% reduction in falls (incidence rate ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.16). Pre-planned sub-group analyses showed that the intervention was effective in significantly reducing all falls (incidence rate ratio 0.60, 0.42 to 0.87), outside falls, and injurious falls in people who regularly took part in outside activities. A significant increase in outside falls occurred in people in the intervention group who took part in little outside activity. <b>Conclusions</b> With appropriate counselling, provision of single lens glasses for older wearers of multifocal glasses who take part in regular outdoor activities is an effective falls prevention strategy. The intervention may be harmful, however, in multifocal glasses wearers with low levels of outdoor activity. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00350855.
Constitutive Activation of Src Kinase as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Dasatinib in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: B. Corkery, B. Corkery, J. Crown, J. Crown, S. Roche, R. O'Connor, D. Tryfanopoulos, D. Tryfanopoulos, M. Clynes, N. O'Donovan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Dasatinib, a multi-target inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including Src, Bcr-Abl, PDGFR, and ephrin A receptor kinases, preferentially inhibits growth in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Previous studies have shown that dasatinib is a substrate for the drug efflux pumps, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). We sought to develop a model of acquired resistance to dasatinib to investigate potential mechanisms of resistance.Materials and Methods: Resistance to dasatinib in MDA-MB-231 was achieved by continuous exposure to incrementally increasing concentrations of dasatinib (200 - 500 nM). IC50 values and combination assays were measured using the acid phosphatase assay. Parental and resistant cells were treated with dasatinib (1 µM) for 2 hours and accumulation of dasatinib in cells was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The effect of the P-gp/BCRP inhibitor, elacridar, on dasatinib sensitivity was also assessed. Src and phospho-Src (P-Src) levels were assessed by western blot.Results: The MDA-MB-231-Das cell line displayed significant resistance to dasatinib (IC50 &amp;gt; 5 µM) compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 39.3 ± 14.2 nM). There was no significant difference in the doubling time of the parental and MDA-MB-231-Das cells (Table 1). In addition, the growth rate of the resistant cells did not significantly decrease in response to dasatinib treatment, in contrast to the parental cell line. No difference in accumulation of dasatinib was observed in the parental and resistant cells. Furthermore, inhibition of P-gp and BCRP with elacridar did not enhance response to dasatinib in either cell line. P-Src levels were not altered in the resistant cell line. However, P-Src levels did not decrease in response to dasatinib treatment in the MDA-MB-231-Das cells, whereas a dose dependent decrease in P-Src levels was observed for the parental cells.Discussion: Src kinase has been implicated in aberrant signalling through multiple receptors involved in tumorigenesis, and is a putative target for response/resistance to dasatinib. We developed a novel triple negative breast cancer model of acquired resistance to dasatinib, and examination of Src phosphorylation suggests that constitutive activation of Src is a potential mechanism of resistance.Table 1 Doubling time (± standard deviation (hrs)) and growth rate of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-Das cells with and without dasatinib (D) treatment. ControlD 50 nMD 100 nMMDA-MB-231 (parental)17.6 ± 1.232.2 ± 3.3*46.8 ± 5.1*Growth rate (%)100.054.737.6MDA-MB-231-Das (Dasatinib-resistant)19.1 ± 2.421.0 ± 0.221.2 ± 3.1Growth rate (%)100.091.090.1 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5066.
THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF DINITROPHENOL AND 3:5 DINITRO-ORTHO-CRESOL IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: J. M. Looney, R. G. Hoskins
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1935)

A preliminary report is made of the metabolic and therapeutic effects of 2:4 dinitrophenol and 3:5 dinitro-ortho-cresol administered consecutively to 10 schizophrenic patients. Both drugs caused increase in the rate of oxygen consumption with various other metabolic effects indicative of increased oxidative efficiency. The ortho-cresol proved to be the more potent but showed the property of causing discoloration of the skin and scleraæ. The therapeutic results were indeterminate. Aside from discoloration of the integument by the ortho-cresol neither drug, within the limits of dosage used, caused any perceptible harmful effects.
FUO: Fever of Undetermined Origin
Authors: William A. Causey
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The editor of this multiauthored text states in the preface that it is his hope that this volume will contribute to the care of patients with a fever of undetermined origin (FUO) not only by updating the syndrome, but also by providing sufficient information to permit a rational approach to the diagnosis and management. While I think the text does a reasonably good job at updating the syndrome, I am not at all sure that it is successful in providing information concisely enough to be very useful in helping practicing physicians devise a rational approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients with FUO. This book, like many others with multiple authors, is uneven in style and in the quality of material presented. Unlike many other multi-author texts, however, the subject matter is narrow enough that the repetition from chapter to chapter is numbing. Thus, reading from cover to cover is
Deoxyribonuclease I-like III Is an Inducible Macrophage Barrier to Liposomal Transfection
Authors: Andrew Wilber, Michael Lu, Michael C. Schneider
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Extra- and intracellular nucleases are predicted to decrease the in vivo efficiency of liposomal transfection. DNASE1 (D1) has been proposed as the main nuclease barrier, yet liposome-complexed DNA and in vitro lipofection are generally immune to D1. In contrast, medium conditioned by the macrophage enzyme DNASE1-like 3 (DNASE1L3 or D3) erects a potent in vitro barrier to liposomal transfection. Although homologous to D1 over its amino-terminal sequence, D3 has a distinct, highly basic carboxy terminus, which resembles polylysine stretches often found in polycationic liposomal reagents. If this domain is truncated from D3, the resulting enzyme has more nuclease activity against naked DNA ("free DNA"-nuclease activity), yet does not block transfection. C-terminal fusion of this domain to D1 forms a chimeric protein able to block transfection. D3 can be immunodetected in both serum and macrophage lysates. Macrophage-conditioned medium contains both "free DNA"-nuclease activity and the ability to block transfection, and by zymogram only a 28-kDa DNASE, consistent by size with D3, is present. Thus, medium containing D3 confers to cells an in vivo shield to the nuclear acquisition of exogenous DNA. Modulation and further elucidation of this activity are likely to have importance for both gene therapy and autoimmune disorders.
Health Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants in Primates.
Authors: H. N. MacFarland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Health Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants in Primates.H. N. MacFarland, Ph.D., N. K. Weaver, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. M. Busey, D.V.M.H. N. MacFarland, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, N. K. Weaver, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. M. Busey, D.V.M.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-840_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study was undertaken to determine the effects in primates of chronic inhalation exposure to nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead chlorobromide, and calcium sulfate, alone and in binary combinations. Juvenile male and female cynamolgus monkeys (Macaca irus) were randomized into 20 groups of 9 monkeys each. Only monkeys exhibiting normal pulmonary function and normal hematological and clinical biochemical values were selected for study. One group of monkeys served as a control and was exposed to filtered room air. The remaining 19 groups were exposed to the various pollutants or pollutant combinations for 22 hr/day, 7 days a week... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Falls Church, Va. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRespiratory Toxicology 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 840-840KeywordsCalciumCarbon dioxideCarbon monoxideHematology and oncologyInhalationPulmonary functionSulfates Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Generation of human secondary cardiospheres as a potent cell processing strategy for cell-based cardiac repair
Authors: Hyun-Jai Cho, Ho-Jae Lee, Yeon-Ju Chung, Ju-Young Kim, Hyun-Ju Cho, Han-Mo Yang, Yoo-Wook Kwon, Hae-Young Lee, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infant Pneumonitis
Authors: H. Robert Harrison, Marilyn G. English, Cynthia K. Lee, E. Russell Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

We determined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 30 consecutive hospitalized infants less than six months of age with pneumonitis and in 28 matched controls (nine of 30 vs. one of 28, P<0.05). In comparing 16 cases of pneumonitis due to C. trachomatis with 27 not due to that agent, we found several distinguishing clinical and laboratory features: C. trachomatis was highly correlated with radiographic hyperinflation, prolonged cough and congestion, ≥400 eosinophils per cubic millimeter and serum IgG ≥500 and IgM ≥110 mg per deciliter. C. trachomatis was responsible for 13 of 21 cases seen at three to 11 weeks vs. three of 22 seen at other ages. Antibody to C. trachomatis in tears (13 of 14 vs. two of 27), nasopharynx (12 of 14 vs. one of 27) and blood (16 of 16 vs. two of 23) was specific for C. trachomatis pneumonitis. C. trachomatis is prevalent among hospitalized infants with pneumonitis. Conjunctival infection precedes C. trachomatis pneumonitis more commonly than has previously been thought. (N Engl J Med 298:702–708, 1978)