tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cereal, Fruit, and Vegetable Fiber Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Jean L. Olson, Gregory L. Burke, David S. Siscovick
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context People older than 65 years are the fastest-growing segment of the population and account for the majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. Additionally, the influence of dietary habits on risk may be less pronounced in elderly persons, when atherosclerosis is more advanced. However, few data address the influence of diet on CVD risk in this population. Objective To determine whether fiber consumption from fruit, vegetable, and cereal sources (including whole grains and bran) is associated with incident CVD in elderly persons. Design Prospective cohort study conducted from 1989 to June 2000. Setting and Participants Population-based, multicenter study among 3588 men and women aged 65 years or older and free of known CVD at baseline in 1989-1990. Usual dietary fiber consumption was assessed at baseline (mean participant age, 72 years) using a 99-item food frequency questionnaire. Main Outcome Measure Incident CVD (combined stroke, ischemic heart disease death, and nonfatal myocardial infarction). Results During 8.6 years mean follow-up, there were 811 incident CVD events. After adjustment for age, sex, education, diabetes, ever smoking, pack-years of smoking, daily physical activity, exercise intensity, alcohol intake, and fruit and vegetable fiber consumption, cereal fiber consumption was inversely associated with incident CVD ( P for trend = .02), with 21% lower risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.99) in the highest quintile of intake, compared with the lowest quintile. In similar analyses, neither fruit fiber intake ( P for trend = .98) nor vegetable fiber intake ( P for trend = .95) were associated with incident CVD. When CVD events were separately evaluated, higher cereal fiber intake was associated with lower risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke and a trend toward lower risk of ischemic heart disease death. In a post hoc analysis, dark breads such as wheat, rye, or pumpernickel were associated with a lower risk of incident CVD (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.90) rather than cereal fiber from other sources. Conclusions Cereal fiber consumption late in life is associated with lower risk of incident CVD, supporting recommendations for elderly individuals to increase consumption of dietary cereal fiber.
Infections Causing Hospitalization in Patients with Diabetes.
Authors: Fred W. Whitehouse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Infections Causing Hospitalization in Patients with Diabetes.Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-787_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBecause an infectious process and diabetes appear mutually antagonistic this study was undertaken to determine how often the former caused hospitalization of a diabetic and what were the nature of these infections. Over a 9-month period (May 1, 1966, to January 31, 1967) 640 diabetic patients were admitted to the Metabolic Diseases Service of the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.; 68 (10.6%) of these patients required hospitalization for treatment of various infectious diseases. In these 68 patients foot infection (26 cases) was the leading cause of hospitalization, including 12 patients with associated gangrene. Fourteen other patients had acute lower respiratory... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Detroit, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 787-787KeywordsHospitalizationsInfectious diseasesMetabolic disorders ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Relation of microscopic haematuria in ankylosing spondylitis to circulating IgA containing immune complexes.
Authors: A J Peeters, A W van den Wall Bake, A D van Dalsen, M L Westedt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with IgA nephropathy. To study the pathogenetic mechanism of this association the presence of haematuria and circulating IgA containing immune complexes (IgA ICs) in 70 patients with AS was determined. In this retrospective study haematuria was present in 15 patients and 25 patients had IgA ICs. Circulating IgA ICs were shown in 9/15 (60%) of the patients with haematuria and in 16/55 (29%) of those without haematuria. These results suggest that IgA ICs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis have a pathogenetic role in causing IgA nephropathy.
Asymptomatic association of hemoglobin Dunn (α6[A4]Asp→Asn) and hemoglobin O‐Arab (β121[GH4]Glu→Lys) in a Moroccan man
Authors: Faouzi Baklouti, Alain Francina, Evelyne Dorléac, Véronique Baudin‐Chich, Germaine Gombaud‐Saintonge, Henri Plauchu, Henri Wajcman, Jean Delaunay, Jacqueline Godet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We report on the association of Hb Dunn (α6[A4]Asp→Asn) and Hb O‐Arab (β121[GH4]Glu→Lys) in a healthy Moroccan man. Hb Dunn had the same electrophoretic properties as Hb G‐Philadelphia, but its percentage was lower. Its identification was based on sequence determination of the αT1 peptide. Bgl II and Eco RI mapping showed the presence of four α‐genes. Hb O‐Arab was easily recognized through its electrophoretic properties and was confirmed by the suppression of the Eco RI site located in exon 3 of the β‐gene. The percentages of the various hemoglobins showed that the doubly mutated hemoglobin Dunn/O‐Arab has a normal stability and suggested that the Dunn mutation is carried by the α 1 ‐gene. In cord blood [propositus's son], the output of the α Dunn gene was found equivalent to that existing in the adult.
How the Reverend Mr Black Was Cured
Authors: Paul E. Weathers
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The Reverend Mr Black was a 93-year-old patient of mine. I had been treating his duodenal ulcer for four weeks when he came to my office with melena. I asked him if he had been taking his medications and sticking to his diet. Shamefaced, he told me that he was taking the medication but that his wife bought only foods he was not supposed to eat, leaving him no choice but to eat them. I had met his 73-year-old wife on a few occasions when she had accompanied the patient to my office. She was a very active feminist and went only to female physicians. If she needed a consultation in a field represented locally only by male physicians, she either did without or went to a nearby city. After examining the Reverend Mr Black, I determined that he required surgery. I hospitalized him and called in a surgeon. The
A Direct Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Insulin Aspart, Human Soluble Insulin, and Human Premix Insulin (70/30) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Reinhard G. Bretzel, Sabine Arnolds, Jürgen Medding, Thomas Linn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Because there are limited data on the comparison of insulin aspart and mixed insulin in type 2 diabetes, this trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of preprandial insulin aspart with human soluble insulin (HI) and human premix (70% NPH/30% regular) insulin (MIX). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 231 type 2 diabetic patients were randomized to insulin aspart (n = 75), HI (n = 80), or MIX (n = 76) for 3 months. Insulin aspart and HI were administered with or without bedtime NPH insulin. A total of 204 patients completed the trial according to protocol. HbA1c, 7-point blood glucose, insulin dosage, and hypoglycemic episodes were recorded. The primary end point was “change of HbA1c” from baseline to last visit. Analysis for equivalence was performed by t tests with three subtests. RESULTS—HbA1c decreased 0.91 ± 1.00 for insulin aspart, 0.73 ± 0.87 for HI, and 0.65 ± 1.10 for MIX with the following confidence intervals: insulin aspart HI (−0.21 to 0.57, P = 0.025), insulin aspart MIX (−0.17 to 0.69, P = 0.092), and HI-MIX (−0.33 to 0.48, P = 0.006). Postprandial blood glucose decreased in the insulin aspart group: 0.44 mmol/l to &amp;gt;1.67 mmol/l compared with HI and 1.1 mmol/l to &amp;gt;1.67 mmol/l compared with MIX. Preprandial insulin doses were similar in the insulin aspart and HI groups (10–14.5 U). Hypoglycemic events per month were 0.56 HI, 0.40 insulin aspart, and 0.19 MIX. CONCLUSIONS—Statistically, insulin aspart was not equivalent to another treatment in terms of HbA1c reduction. Insulin aspart treatment resulted in improved HbA1c and postprandial blood glucose. The application of insulin aspart was safe and well tolerated.
Mortality and cancer incidence in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: a cohort study
Authors: A.J. SWERDLOW, S. WHITTAKER, L.M. CARPENTER, J.S.C. ENGLISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

One hundred and fifty-two patients in whom a diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis was made at St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, during 1950-85, were followed from the date of diagnosis to the end of 1989 for mortality, and from 1971, or the date of diagnosis if later, to 1986 for cancer incidence. Thirty-eight deaths occurred under the age of 85, slightly fewer than expected on the basis of national general population rates [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 61-119]. All-cause mortality was somewhat lower in patients who had followed a gluten-free diet (SMR = 51; 17-120) than in those who had not (SMR = 97; 66-136), but the difference in SMRs was not significant (P = 0.3). Cancer mortality was non-significantly below expectations from national rates (SMR = 72; 31-142), but cancer incidence was significantly increased [standardized registration ratio (SRR) = 394; 180-749]. No particular cancer site accounted for the cancer incidence excess. One death occurred from cancer of the small intestine (SMR = 4953, P = 0.04), and one lymphoma was incident (SRR = 1555, P = 0.12). Increased risks of these malignancies have previously been found to be associated with coeliac disease (which is present in many patients with dermatitis herpetiformis), and with dermatitis herpetiformis, respectively. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) was significantly below national rates (SMR = 37; 95% CI 12-86), and was similar in patients who had followed a gluten-free diet and those who had not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The presence of protein-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in calcium-containing renal calculi.
Authors: J B Lian, E L Prien, M J Glimcher, P M Gallop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is found in four blood-clotting proteins, in a bone protein, in kidney protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications. This paper reports the presence of Gla in the EDTA-soluble, nondialyzable proteins of calcium-containing renal calculi including calcium oxalate, hydroxyapatite, and mixed stores of apatite and struvite (MgNH4PO4). Calculi composed of pure struvite and those composed of only uric acid or cystine do not contain Gla. From calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite stontes, a protein of about 17,000 daltons was obtained which contained about 40 residues of Gla per 1,000 amino acids. The amino acid composition of this protein had no apparent relationship to the Gla-containing bone protein or to the similarly-sized F1 fragment of prothrombin which contains about 64 residues of Gla per 1,000 amino acid residues. The Gla-rich protein in calcium-containing renal stones thus may be a different Gla-containing protein. These data as well as other studies demonstrating the presence of Gla in pathologically calcified tissues not normally containing Gla suggest that the Gla-containing proteins may be of considerable pathophysiological significance.
Danish study links cancer survival to income and education
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

People with more education or a higher income are likely to live longer after a diagnosis of cancer than those who are less well educated or poorer, suggests a large investigation into cancer and social inequality.

More than 50 researchers, whose 21 papers will appear in a special issue of the European Journal of Cancer , looked at incidence and survival from different types of cancer among 3.2 million people in Denmark.

Their summary paper states that around six out of 10 men (62%) with a basic education, defined as 7-12 years of primary and secondary …
Induction of dominant transplantation tolerance by an altered peptide ligand of the male antigen Dby
Authors: Tse-Ching Chen, Herman Waldmann, Paul J. Fairchild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

T cell reactivity to minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens is responsible for rejection of HLA-matched allografts, limiting the effectiveness of transplantation for the treatment of end-stage organ failure. The deadbox gene Dby is located on the Y chromosome and encodes an mH antigen that prompts rejection of male tissues by female mice. Establishing a network of regulatory T (Treg) cells that is capable of coercing naive cells to adopt a tolerant phenotype offers an attractive strategy for immune intervention in such deleterious immune responses. While various approaches have successfully induced a dominant form of transplantation tolerance, they share the propensity to provoke chronic, incomplete activation of T cells. By identifying the T cell receptor (TCR) contact sites of the dominant epitope of the Dby gene product, we have designed an altered peptide ligand (APL) that delivers incomplete signals to naive T cells from A1 ∞ RAG1–/– mice that are transgenic for a complementary TCR. Administration of this APL to female transgenic mice polarizes T cells toward a regulatory phenotype, securing a form of dominant tolerance to male skin grafts that is capable of resisting rejection by naive lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that incomplete signaling through the TCR may establish a network of Treg cells that may be harnessed in the service of transplantation tolerance.
Limitations of tracer oxygen uptake in the canine coronary circulation.
Authors: C P Rose, C A Goresky
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Theoretical models of oxygen transport in the myocardium have failed to account for low average tissue pO2 relative to to coronary sinus pO2, measured with pO2 electrodes and myoglobin saturation, and for hypoxic contractile failure at relatively high coronary sinus pO2 levels. These findings could be explained by either arteriovenous diffusional shunting or a limiting rate of transfer of oxygen from blood to tissue, or both. To gain new insights, we performed multiple indicator dilution tracer experiments across the coronary circulation in the dog, with 18O2 as the oxygen tracer and 51Cr-labeled red cells as the reference tracer for oxygen. 125I-Albumin and 22Na+ were included to provide the relative plasma flow rate. The tracer oxygen outflow curve consisted of a large early peak related to its reference red cell curve. No tracer emerged before the labeled red cells. The downslope, which contains the returning component of the tracer curve, decreased less steeply when oxygen consumption was reduced by propranolol. Fitting the tracer oxygen outflow curve with a distributed model including irreversible sequestration behind a resistance gave a transfer rate constant which was relatively small, and a relatively large rate constant for sequestration. Relative oxygen consumption (estimated from the arteriovenous difference) correlated closely with the rate constant for sequestration. Estimated average tissue oxygen concentrations were of the order of one-third blood concentration. Dimensional analysis indicates that the low transfer rate constant derives from hemoglobin-oxygen binding; this decreases fractional tracer oxygen transfer in proportion to the ratio of plasma:red cell oxygen pools.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Howard T. Karsner
Journal: JAMA (1953)

From the times of origin of universities down to the present, academic freedom has been a topic of concern to instructional staffs, administrators, and the public. To discuss its various meanings would lead to a consideration of semantics far beyond the compass of this paper. For our purposes it is enough to say that academic freedom implies in the minds of most moderns the right and duty of teachers to present the truth as it is currently conceived. Among military personnel freedom of teaching can be exercised in the many courses of instruction given in the services and especially in the influence of the more senior investigators on their younger colleagues and pupils. We consume research talent, and effort should be made to replenish and enlarge the supply of investigators. To do so requires freedom for both seniors and juniors.  SECURITY AND PUBLICATION  Freedom, however, has a broader connotation than
Live-Animal Markets and Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infection
Authors: Chang-jun Bao, Lun-biao Cui, Ming-hao Zhou, Lei Hong, George F. Gao, Hua Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has shown the ability to infect humans. As described in this letter, human infection may be occurring because of multiple cross-species jumps from birds to humans.
ESTIMATION OF THE RATE OF RELEASE OF ADRENAL 17-HYDROXYCORTI-COSTEROIDS IN THE HUMAN BEING BY THE VENOUS CATHETER TECHNIQUE WITH A METHOD FOR DETERMINING PLASMA 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS 1
Authors: Philip K. Bondy, Joan R. Altrock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

The importance of the role of the adrenal cortex in protein and carbohydrate metabolism and in adjustments to injury has been well established in experimental animals.Studies of the activity of the adrenal cortex in similar situations in hu- man beings have been handicapped by lack of a direct objective method for estimating the rate of secretion of adrenal cortical hormones in the intact man.Since it seemed possible that the in- travenous catheter technique might be applicable to this problem, attempts were made to estimate the rate of secretion of the adrenal hormones di- rectly by obtaining blood from the left renal vein, proximal to the entrance of the adrenal vein, and multiplying the arterio-venous difference in con- centration of cortical hormones by the renal plasma flow.The method has serious limitations, and, as will be discussed below, is probably not sufficiently accurate to be useful as an experimental clinical tool. ANALYTICAL METHODSAt the time that this project was initiated, no specific method was available for the estimation of adrenal cor- tical steroids in plasma.Attempts were therefore made to use bioassay methods on whole plasma, since it was hoped that this would afford a high degree of specificity, without any danger of loss of hormone during the extrac- tions and manipulations incidental to the use of a chemi- cal assay.The concentration of liver-glycogen-depositing material in human arterial plasma proved to be too small to be detected.For the purposes of the assay, 70 mg. of glucose were dissolved in 1.26 ml. of plasma + 0.14 ml. of ethyl alcohol.This solution was injected subcutaneously in seven 0.2 ml.portions into each adrenalectomized mouse according to the schedule of Venning, Kasmin, and
THE IRRATIONAL AMERICAN BREAKFAST, JUDGED BY OUR PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION.
Authors: BOARDMAN REED
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A witty Frenchman once remarked in substance that Americans partook of a dinner at breakfast time. It is a fact that on the continent of European it is the almost universal custom to break the fast in the morning with a very light meal consisting generally of little, if anything, besides rolls and coffee or chocolate. In no other country, probably is so hearty a breakfast eaten as in these United States. This may or may not be prominent among the hygienic faults that make Americans the most dyspeptic people in the world, but it is doubtless one of the causes. It is not reasonable to expect of the digestive organs as energetic and efficient work in the early morning as later in the day. The circulation is then less active and the nervous system not yet aroused to its fullest energy. One would naturally suppose, therefore, that the gastric,
Book Review Cystic Fibrosis in the 21st Century (Progress in Respiratory Research. Vol. 34.) Edited by Andrew Bush, Eric W.F.W. Alton, Jane C. Davies, Uta Griesenbach, and Adam Jaffe. 329 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2006. $180. 3-8055-7960-8
Authors: Melissa A. Ashlock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Impact of immune modulation with in vivo T-cell depletion and myleoablative total body irradiation conditioning on outcomes after unrelated donor transplantation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Paul Veys, Robert F. Wynn, Kwang Woo Ahn, Sujith Samarasinghe, Wensheng He, Denise Bonney, John Craddock, Jacqueline Cornish, Stella M. Davies, Christopher C. Dvorak, Reggie E. Duerst, Thomas G. Gross, Neena Kapoor, Carrie Kitko, Robert A. Krance, Wing Leung, Victor A. Lewis, Colin Steward, John E. Wagner, Paul A. Carpenter, Mary Eapen
Journal: Blood (2012)
Rapid tightening of blood glucose control leads to transient deterioration of retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: the Oslo study.
Authors: K Dahl-Jorgensen, O Brinchmann-Hansen, K F Hanssen, L Sandvik, O Aagenaes
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a study of retinopathy during one year of tight blood glucose control 45 type I (insulin dependent) diabetics without proliferative retinopathy were randomised to receive either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, multiple insulin injections, or conventional insulin treatment (controls). Near normoglycaemia was achieved with continuous infusion and multiple injections but not with conventional treatment. Blind evaluation of fluorescein angiograms performed three monthly showed progression of retinopathy in the control group, transient deterioration in the continuous infusion group, and no change in the multiple injection group. Half the patients receiving continuous infusion and multiple injections developed retinal cotton wool spots after three to six months. These changes regressed in all but four patients after 12 months. Control patients did not develop cotton wool spots. Patients who developed cotton wool spots are characterised by a larger decrement in glycosylated haemoglobin and blood glucose values, more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia, a longer duration of diabetes, and more severe retinopathy at onset. A large and rapid fall in blood glucose concentration may promote transient deterioration of diabetic retinopathy.