tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Protect Against Contractile Dysfunction in the Presence of Residual Flow
Authors: Alison C. Cave, Adam S. Silverman, Carl S. Apstein
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We have previously demonstrated that ischemic preconditioning (PC) does not protect when oxygen deprivation is accompanied by a high level of perfusion (hypoxia). Since clinical ischemia can vary from mild to severe, we wished to determine whether PC could protect against injury arising from low-flow ischemia. Methods and Results Functional recovery after 30 minutes of reperfusion was assessed in isolated, blood-perfused rat hearts (n=6 per group) subjected to (A) 30 minutes of zero-flow ischemia, (B) 30 minutes of zero-flow ischemia preceded by 3×PC (PC=5 minutes of ischemia+5 minutes of reperfusion), (C) 90 minutes of low-flow ischemia at 10% of baseline coronary flow (0.31±0.02 mL/min per gram wet wt), (D) 90 minutes of low-flow ischemia at 10% of baseline coronary flow (0.29±0.02 mL/min per gram wet wt) preceded by 3×PC. PC significantly protected against injury resulting from zero-flow ischemia (developed pressure recovered to 67±6% versus 31±12% in B and A, respectively; P &lt;.05) but not resulting from low-flow ischemia (recovery of developed pressure was 40±8% versus 37±7% in C and D, respectively). Protein kinase C (PKC) is widely considered to be involved in the mechanism of PC such that prior activation and translocation of PKC by the PC protocol allows phosphorylation of the end-effector protein early during the subsequent ischemic insult, before loss of adenosine triphosphate occurs. However, because adenosine triphosphate content falls slowly during low-flow ischemia, PKC may be activated and translocated early enough to be active during this insult. If so, inhibition of PKC should decrease functional recovery in the control group. However, functional recovery in control groups was not decreased in the presence of the PKC inhibitor polymyxin B (50±6%), suggesting that if activation of PKC occurred during low-flow ischemia, it was not protective. Conclusions PC does not protect against contractile dysfunction in the rat when a low level (10% of baseline flow) of ischemic perfusion remains during the prolonged insult.
Hairy cell leukemia: short review, today’s recommendations and outlook
Authors: V Maevis, U Mey, G Schmidt-Wolf, I G H Schmidt-Wolf
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is part of the low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma family and represents approximately 2% of all leukemias. Treatment with splenectomy and interferon-α historically belonged to the first steps of therapeutic options, achieving partial responses/remissions (PR) in most cases with a median survival between 4 and 6 years in the 1980s. The introduction of the purine analogs (PA) pentostatin and cladribine made HCL a well-treatable disease: overall complete response rates (CRR) range from 76 to 98%, with a median disease-free survival (DFS) of 16 years a normal lifespan can be reached and HCL-related deaths are rare. However, insufficient response to PA with poorer prognosis and relapse rates of 30-40% after 5-10 years of follow-up may require alternative strategies. Minimal residual disease can be detected by additional examinations of bone marrow specimens after treatment with PA. The use of immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAB) like rituximab as a single agent or in combination with a PA or more recently clinical trials with recombinant immunotoxins (RIT) show promising results to restrict these problems. Recently, the identification of the possible disease-defining BRAF V600E mutation may allow the development of new therapeutic targets.
Epidemiology Indicates a Disorder That Assaults Much of Patients' 'Humanness' in Prime of Life
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1990)

IT IS estimated variously that 2 million to 4 million persons presently alive in this country will develop schizophrenia.  That point usually is late adolescence or early adulthood. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Md, schizophrenia is about 50 times more likely to develop in the late teens or 20s than in childhood (when it appears to be more common in boys) and the initial diagnosis rarely is made in those younger than 4 years.  At whatever age the disease is recognized, the institute's acting deputy director, Samuel J. Keith, MD, told the Laureate—University of Oklahoma symposium in Tulsa (please see accompanying article), schizophrenia continues to be a more common diagnosis than Huntington's disease (80 ×), muscular dystrophy (60 ×), insulin-dependent diabetes (6 × ), or multiple sclerosis (5 × ). In young adults, it is diagnosed with about equal frequency in women and men, has not been found
Influence of surface pretreatment of titanium- and cobalt-based biomaterials on covalent immobilization of fibrillar collagen
Authors: Rainer Müller, Jochen Abke, Edith Schnell, Dieter Scharnweber, Richard Kujat, Carsten Englert, Darius Taheri, Michael Nerlich, Peter Angele
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
THE EFFECT OF THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SUBSTANCES AFFECTING TUMOR GROWTH ON THE CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE OVARIES AND ON PLACENTOMATA
Authors: Moyer S. Fleisher, Leo Loeb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

If six to seven days after copulation incisions are made under ether anesthesia into the uterus, and on the day following this operation one or several injections of hirudin are given, changes set in in the ovaries which correspond to those found at the time of ovulation; namely, a degeneration of all the follicles with the exception of the small ones. These degenerative changes are followed by the same developmental changes as in the normal cycle. This represents a second method of altering experimentally the periodicity of the sexual cycle, the first consisting in the early extirpation of the corpora lutea described previously by one of us. Under the same conditions intravenous injections of hirudin destroy in the large majority of cases the greater part of experimental placentomata through hemorrhages, and they prevent the remaining placentomatous areas from active proliferation, probably as a result of interference with the circulation. These injections may also cause abortion in pregnant animals. Intravenous injections of hirudin produce a tendency to hemorrhage at various places in the body, and these hemorrhages are prone to occur, especially in rapidly growing tissues, where the blood vessels are less resistant, as in tumors and in placentomata, also in the neighborhood of necrotic areas. In the stomach the hemorrhages may be followed by digestion of the tissues through the gastric juice. It is probable that there is a connection between the action of hirudin on the blood (coagulability and viscosity) and the tendency to hemorrhage. Withdrawal of blood, intravenous injections of distilled water, colloidal copper, nucleoproteid, or casein have no marked effect on the cyclic changes in the ovaries or on placentomata.
A Prospective Study of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Seropositivity and the Risk for Future Myocardial Infarction among Socioeconomically Similar U.S. Men
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, John Danesh, Linda Youngman, Rory Collins, Meir J. Stampfer, Richard Peto, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: The role of Helicobacter pylori as a determinant of cardiovascular disease is controversial. Objective: To determine whether previous exposure to H. pylori is associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction. Design: Prospective case–control study. Setting: Physicians' Health Study. Participants: Initially healthy U.S. men. Measurements: Titers of IgG antibody against H. pylori and several inflammatory markers were measured in baseline blood samples obtained from 445 men who subsequently had a myocardial infarction (case-patients) and 445 men matched for age and smoking status who remained free of vascular disease (controls) during a mean follow-up of 8.9 years. Results: Baseline seropositivity was similar among case-patients and controls (43.4% vs. 44.3%; rate ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3]). Minimal evidence of association was found between magnitude of seropositivity and subsequent risk and between seropositivity and levels of the inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion: In a socioeconomically homogeneous population, we found limited evidence of association between H. pylori exposure and risk for future myocardial infarction.
Trastuzumab and Vinorelbine as First-Line Therapy for HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: Multicenter Phase II Trial With Clinical Outcomes, Analysis of Serum Tumor Markers as Predictive Factors, and Cardiac Surveillance Algorithm
Authors: Harold J. Burstein, Lyndsay N. Harris, P. Kelly Marcom, Rosemary Lambert-Falls, Kathleen Havlin, Beth Overmoyer, Robert J. Friedlander, Janet Gargiulo, Rochelle Strenger, Charles L. Vogel, Paula D. Ryan, Mathew J. Ellis, Raquel A. Nunes, Craig A. Bunnell, Susana M. Campos, Michele Hallor, Rebecca Gelman, Eric P. Winer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Trastuzumab-based therapy improves survival for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer. We conducted a multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with vinorelbine, and to assess cardiac surveillance algorithms and tumor markers as prognostic tools.Patients with HER2-positive (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+-positive or fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]-positive) metastatic breast cancer received first-line chemotherapy with trastuzumab and vinorelbine to determine response rate. Eligibility criteria were measurable disease and baseline ejection fraction >or= 50%. Serial testing for HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) was performed.Fifty-four women from 17 participating centers were entered onto the study. The overall response rate was 68% (95% confidence interval, 54% to 80%). Response rates were not affected by method of HER2 status determination (FISH v IHC) or by prior adjuvant chemotherapy. Median time to treatment failure was 5.6 months; 38% of patients were progression free after 1 year. Concurrent therapy was quite feasible with maintained dose-intensity. Patients received both chemotherapy and trastuzumab on 90% of scheduled treatment dates. Two patients experienced cardiotoxicity in excess of grade 1; one patient experienced symptomatic heart failure. A surveillance algorithm of screening left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 16 weeks successfully identified women at risk for experiencing cardiotoxicity. Other acute and chronic side effects were tolerable. Lack of decline in HER2 ECD during cycle 1 predicted tumor progression.Trastuzumab and vinorelbine constitute effective and well-tolerated first-line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Patients with normal LVEF can be observed with surveillance of LVEF at 16 weeks to identify those at risk for cardiotoxicity.
Code of Ethics for Bioethicists: Medicine's Lessons Worth Heeding
Authors: Karine Morin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. The views expressed in this commentary are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the American Medical Association. 2. The American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASPH) was founded January 1998 through the consolidation of three existing associations in the field: The Society for Health and Human Values (SHHV), the Society for Bioethics Consultation (SBC), and the American Association of Bioethics (AAB). 3. Austin v AANS, 253 F.3d 967 (7th Cir. 2001). 4. Horn v. The New York Times, N.Y. LEXIS 221 (N.Y. Ct. of App. 2003).
A case of partial face-sparing lipodystrophy combining features of generalized lipodystrophy
Authors: Evangelia Mamalaki, John Katsantonis, Stathis Papavasiliou, Pavlina Avgoustinaki, Ioanna Petrogiannaki, Maria Tzardis, Maria Tabakaki, Androniki Tosca
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)
A more balanced approach to drug-grapefruit juice interactions
Authors: W. D. Backman, A. Bakhai
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We question Pirmohamed’s focus on “severe, sometimes fatal, interactions” between grapefruit juice and drugs,1 which may bias BMJ readers and add to the excessive fear around grapefruit juice for patients and doctors alike.

Grapefruit juice is a rich source of flavonoids—antioxidants that have a preventive effect in many diseases. During more than 10 years …
Investigation of adults with haematuria
Authors: W R Cattell, J A W Webb, H N Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1990)

risk of developing AIDS may not be so clear cut in haemophiliac patients.If this was the case identify- mg other factors that are prognostic assumes greater importance.We agree with Dr Cuthbert and colleagues that serum IgA titres tend to rise with disease activity in patients who have already progressed to AIDS.We found, however, that high titres were recorded before symptoms developed and that a serum IgA titre of greater than 4 5 g/l (the upper limit of normal for our laboratory) was an independent predictor for the development of AIDS in 14 out of 17 of our patients in whom raised titres were recorded (X2=9 19; p<00l).The three year pro- gression rate in seven of these patients who already had raised IgA titres at recruitment was 100% compared with 32% in patients with normal titres at recruitment.Lastly, we and other workers6 have found the presence of p24 antigen to be an important prog- nostic indicator.We note that p24 antigen was measured in the Edinburgh cohort, though no reference was made to its usefulness or otherwise in predicting disease progression.
Isotopic and radiological investigation of renal function for hypertension.
Authors: J. H. Angel, M. J. Goggin, A. R. Constable, A. M. Joekes, T. Sherwood
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Medical MemorandaMBDIaL=JOUL 95Haemoglobin 14.6 g./100 ml.White blood cells 6,900/cumm., with a slight neutrophilia.Platelets 220,000/cumm.Sternal bone mar- row was of normal cellularity and showed mild granulocytic hyperplasia and normoblastic erythropoiesis.Megakaryocytes and lymphocytes were present in normal proportions.Plasma cells formed approximately 3% of all nucleated cells and, though occasional binucleate forms were encountered, nucleolated plasma cells were not found.Iron stores were low, but the erythroblasts contained a normal distribution of siderotic granules.Blood urea 25 mg., plasma uric acid 6-5 mg., and calcium 10.0 mg./100 ml.X-ray films of the chest, lumbar spine, and skull showed nothing abnormal.. ~~Mothers 6 .00-05'.M~nfnt6 oy _2 ~~~~~~Infant 95 daysCellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis of serum Proteins of tother and infant showing gradual dis- appearance of paraprotein band in the infant.Progress.-Theinfant's urinary tract infection responded satis- factorily to a two-week course of ampicillin 125 mg.six-hourly.Subsequent clinical progress to the age of 2 years was uneventful.The paraprotein gradually disappeared from the plasma and was barely visible on electrophoresis of the specimen taken at 95 days.
Malaria Control — Addressing Challenges to Ambitious Goals
Authors: Carlos C. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Over the past 5 years, we have witnessed remarkable progress in malaria control. In Africa, the approach has been to “scale up for impact”1 by rapidly deploying insecticide-treated nets and providing artemisinin-based combination therapy. Programs in Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Zambia, and Zanzibar have shown that when coverage of these interventions exceeds 50 to 60% of the population, the prevalence of infection with malaria parasites and mortality among children from such infection falls by 20 to 25% within 12 to 36 months.2 Progress has been based on highly effective and affordable malaria-control tools and mobilization of substantial funding at the . . .
DETACHABLE SCALPEL BLADE
Authors: J. A. Matlack
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In attempting to use safety-razor blades in surgical work I hfound a stock razor bladazorth ade with a straight cutting edge is not practical. Such a blade if held in the usual position will have only the distal corner in contact with the flesh and will tear rather than cut, especially if used in theideeper parts of a wound. If the detachable razor blade is t deeper parts of a wound. If the detachable razor blade is to bedapted to the susurgeon's scalpel narily made s ordied withmade cannot be used with entire success, but must be specially ground with a rounded extremity or "belly" as in the usual type of scalpel. The accompanying illustration shows the instrument as I have modified it to meet this requirement. the instlment modifiedeet this requirement.
Bronchiectasis Following Aspiration of Timothy Grass
Authors: Max G. Carter, Kenneth J. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

CHILDREN often aspirate vegetable foreign bodies into the tracheobronchial tree. Many varieties have been reported, including certain grasses. Because these are nonopaque to x-rays diagnosis may be long delayed. Our interest in the problem was aroused because of the incidental finding of timothy-grass heads (Phleum pratense) imbedded in the bronchi of lobes removed for suppuration and bronchiectasis of unknown cause (Fig. 1).Jackson and Jackson,1 in 1936, reported bronchoscopic removal of vegetable foreign bodies in 562 cases, of which 6 were timothy heads. The result in all 6 cases was reported as "extraction, cure." In none, however, was . . .
Major injuries in Norwegian football.
Authors: A. Roaas, S. Nilsson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

All Norwegian football players are insurance covered and most of the severe injuries occurring in Norwegian football are therefore reported to the Norwegian Football Association. Based on these reports a survey of major injuries in Norwegian football in the period 1970-1974 is given. This study has already led to recommendations to the Football Association in order to reduce the number of severe injuries. A more extensive registration form is now used which probably will give more and better information about injuries in Norwegian football in the future.
Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Adam Possner
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Free Radicals in Medicine
Authors: J M C Gutteridge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed K H Cheeseman, T F Slater Churchill Livingstone, £49.95, pp 320 ISBN 0-443-04926-2

Free Radicals in Medicine has been dedicated to the memory of Professor Trevor Slater, its coeditor and one of the pioneering researchers in biological free radicals. The oxygen we breath (21% of air) is used to oxidise (burn) carbon and hydrogen rich substrates (foods) to obtain the energy (chemical and heat) necessary for essential life …
Variola Virus in a 300-Year-Old Siberian Mummy
Authors: Philippe Biagini, Catherine Thèves, Patricia Balaresque, Annie Geraut, Catherine Cannet, Christine Keyser, Dariya Nikolaeva, Patrice Gerard, Sylvie Duchesne, Ludovic Orlando, Eske Willerslev, Anatoly N Alekseev, Philippe de Micco, Bertrand Ludes, Eric Crubézy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Does This Patient Have a Migraine?
Authors: Steven Brenner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4773: Inhibition of mutant EGFR in lung cancer cells triggers SOX2-FOXO6 dependent survival pathways
Authors: Stephen Michael Rothenberg, Kyle Concannon, Sarah Cullen, Alexa B. Turke, Anthony C. Faber, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Treatment of EGFR-mutant lung cancer with erlotinib results in dramatic tumor regression but it is invariably followed by drug resistance. In characterizing early transcriptional changes following drug treatment of mutant EGFR-addicted cells, we identified the stem cell transcriptional regulator SOX2 as being rapidly and specifically induced, both in vitro and in vivo. Suppression of SOX2 sensitizes cells to erlotinib-mediated apoptosis, whereas its ectopic expression reduces drug-induced cell death. We show that erlotinib relieves EGFR-dependent suppression of FOXO6, leading to SOX2 induction and repression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only genes BIM and BMF. Together, these observations point to a physiological feedback mechanism that attenuates oncogene addiction-mediated cell death and may contribute to the acquisition of drug resistance. Citation Format: Stephen Michael Rothenberg, Kyle Concannon, Sarah Cullen, Alexa B. Turke, Anthony C. Faber, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Shyamala Maheswaran, Daniel A. Haber. Inhibition of mutant EGFR in lung cancer cells triggers SOX2-FOXO6 dependent survival pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4773