tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meditation Promotes Better Sleep in Older Adults
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of the Clinical Effect of Ketotifen and DSCG in Pollen‐Induced Childhood Asthma
Authors: Viggo Graff‐Lonnevig, Eric Kusoffsky
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Thirty-six children with a mean age of 8.9 years were studied with respect to the prophylactic effect and tolerance of ketotifen in comparison with disodium cromoglycate. All had a verified deciduous tree pollen-induced asthma. The children were stratified into two matched groups and the double-blind technique was used. The study was performed during the whole deciduous tree pollen season. Daily pollen counts were performed during the whole observation period as well as daily registrations of allergic symptoms, additional medication and pulmonary expiratory flow. No significant differences were found between the two substances tested. No adverse reactions or side effects were noted.
Appeal overturns link between multiple sclerosis and whiplash
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A controversial legal ruling that multiple sclerosis can be triggered by whiplash injuries has been overturned on appeal in a case in Scotland that has attracted international attention.

A former policeman, Nicholas Dingley, was awarded £550000 ($880000) in damages in 1996 after a judge accepted that the onset of his symptoms was related to injuries sustained in a road accident while he was a passenger in a police van …
THE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS
Authors: HENRY ALBERT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In this paper I shall consider the treatment of diphtheria carriers with the idea of ridding them of the specific germs. The paper will not comprehend the treatment of the diphtheria patient nor will it deal with the problem of isolating or otherwise protecting others from the carrier.<sup>1</sup> The necessity for the treatment of carriers with the idea of getting rid of the diphtheria bacilli is obvious when we consider the frequency of the carrier condition and the length of time that the condition often continues. After the clinical symptoms of the disease have disappeared, the patient is ready to be released from quarantine, but the interests of the public health demand that he shall not mingle with the general public while he still carries the germs of the disease. <h3>NUMBER OF DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS</h3> According to Ledingham,<sup>2</sup>50 per cent. of persons affected by diphtheria have lost the
Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma resembling scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’: a case report and literature review
Authors: E.A.M. Ball, E.J. McGrath, H. Chong, A.L.H. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, We describe a unique presentation of rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) arising in a 17‐year‐old girl. The lesion clinically resembled scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’ and is the first published case of an RMH presenting as a depressed skin lesion. The previous cases described in the English language literature have all presented as raised lesions. A 17‐year‐old female student first presented 10 years previously with a depression on the right side of her chin, right cheek, temple and parietal areas. The working diagnosis was scleroderma ‘en coup de sabre’. The contour deformity remained static from about 14 years of age and the patient was mainly concerned with the chin deformity. After a multidisciplinary consultation, it was agreed to excise the affected area on the chin under local anaesthetic. It was noted that the underlying muscle was ‘atrophied’ but not tethered to bone. The soft tissues were reconstructed with muscle plication and layered closure and the skin was closed with a Z plasty. There was no delay in healing but after 3 years the depression reappeared (Fig. 1a). Histologically, the excised specimen showed an ill‐defined collection of bundles of mature striated muscle fibres arranged in a haphazard manner throughout the dermis and interspersed with adipose tissue (Fig. 1b,c). Individual muscle fibres also extended between skin appendages in the superficial dermis. The appearances were those of an RMH (striated muscle hamartoma).
Blood Lead Concentrations and Children’s Behavioral and Emotional Problems
Authors: Jianghong Liu, Xianchen Liu, Wei Wang, Linda McCauley, Jennifer Pinto-Martin, Yingjie Wang, Linda Li, Chonghuai Yan, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

The association between lead exposure and children's IQ has been well studied, but few studies have examined the effects of blood lead concentrations on children's behavior.To evaluate the association between blood lead concentrations and behavioral problems in a community sample of Chinese preschool children with a mean blood lead concentration of less than 10 µg/dL.A prospective cohort study was conducted at 4 preschools in Jintan, Jiangsu province of China. Participants included 1341 children aged 3 to 5 years.Lead.Blood lead concentrations were measured in children aged 3 to 5 years. Behavioral problems were assessed using Chinese versions of the Child Behavior Checklist and Caregiver-Teacher Report Form when children were aged 6 years.The mean (SD) blood lead concentration was 6.4 (2.6) µg/dL, with the 75th and 90th percentiles being 7.5 and 9.4 µg/dL, respectively. General linear modeling showed significant associations between blood lead concentrations and increased scores for teacher-reported behavioral problems. A 1-µg/dL increase in the blood lead concentration resulted in a 0.322 (95% CI, 0.058 to 0.587), 0.253 (95% CI, 0.016 to 0.500), and 0.303 (95% CI, 0.046 to 0.560) increase of teacher-reported behavior scores on emotional reactivity, anxiety problems, and pervasive developmental problems, respectively (P < .05), with adjustment for parental and child variables. Spline modeling showed that mean teacher-reported behavior scores increased with blood lead concentrations, particularly for older girls.Blood lead concentrations, even at a mean concentration of 6.4 µg/dL, were associated with increased risk of behavioral problems in Chinese preschool children, including internalizing and pervasive developmental problems. This association showed different patterns depending on age and sex. As such, continued monitoring of blood lead concentrations, as well as clinical assessments of mental behavior during regular pediatric visits, may be warranted.
Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase on Human Coronary Artery Diameter and Blood Flow In Vivo
Authors: Michael Seddon, Narbeh Melikian, Rafal Dworakowski, Husain Shabeeh, Benyu Jiang, Jonathan Byrne, Barbara Casadei, Philip Chowienczyk, Ajay M. Shah
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Nitric oxide (NO)–mediated local regulation of vascular tone is considered to involve endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). However, we recently reported that human forearm basal microvascular tone in vivo is tonically regulated by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), in contrast to an acetylcholine-stimulated reduction in tone, which is eNOS dependent. Here, we investigated the in vivo effects of an nNOS-selective inhibitor, S-methyl- l -thiocitrulline (SMTC), on the human coronary circulation and on flow-mediated dilatation in the forearm. Methods and Results— In patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, intracoronary infusion of SMTC (0.625 μmol/min) reduced basal coronary blood flow by 34.1±5.2% (n=10; P &lt;0.01) and epicardial coronary diameter by 3.6±1.2% ( P =0.02) but had no effect on increases in flow evoked by intracoronary substance P (20 pmol/min). The nonselective NOS inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (25 μmol/min) also reduced basal coronary flow (by 22.3±5.3%; n=8; P &lt;0.01) but, in contrast to SMTC, inhibited substance P–induced increases in flow ( P &lt;0.01). In healthy volunteers, local infusion of SMTC (0.2 μmol/min) reduced radial artery blood flow by 36.0±6.4% (n=10; P =0.03) but did not affect flow-mediated dilatation ( P =0.55). In contrast, N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (2 μmol/min) infusion reduced radial blood flow to a similar degree (by 39.7±11.8%; P =0.02) but also inhibited flow-mediated dilatation by ≈80% ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— These data indicate that local nNOS-derived NO regulates basal blood flow in the human coronary vascular bed, whereas substance P–stimulated vasodilatation is eNOS mediated. Thus, nNOS and eNOS have distinct local roles in the physiological regulation of human coronary vascular tone in vivo.
Expert evidence should be reliability tested, says law reform body
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Judges should have to determine in advance whether expert evidence is reliable before it goes before the jury in a criminal trial, the official law reform body for England and Wales has suggested.

The Law Commission says in a consultation paper: “Several recent cases suggest there is an ongoing problem which demands an urgent solution.” It warns that expert evidence is sometimes admitted too readily and argues that despite several successful high profile appeals, a “pressing danger” of wrongful convictions and wrongful acquittals still exists.

The commission was set up to alert government to problematic areas of law and make suggestions for keeping the law up to date, and …
TECHNIC IN THE AFTER-CARE OF THE RADICAL MASTOID OPERATION.
Authors: PHILIP HAMMOND
Journal: JAMA (1906)

To remove diseased tissue thoroughly from the temporal bone, in cases of chronic suppuration, is an easy task compared with the difficulty of obtaining a resultant cavity absolutely free from granulations or discharge, and lined with healthy new epidermis. To establish such a condition speedily is an end toward which we are all striving.  When the first radical operations were done in 1889, it was no uncommon thing to have suppuration continue within the cavity for many months; healing was finally obtained only at the expense of much time and suffering, and was usually attended with considerable deformity. To-day it is possible to have our exenterated cavity thoroughly healed in a comparatively short time, in many cases only five weeks, and with absolutely no post-aural deformity, only a fine linear scar marking the line of incision.  HISTORICAL REVIEW.  How has this remarkable advance in the care of our patients been
Efficacy and safety relative to placebo of an oral formulation of cetirizine and sustained‐release pseudoephedrine in the management of nasal congestion
Authors: F. Horak, J. Toth, B. Marks, U. P. Stübner, U. E. Berger, S. Jäger, B. Burtin, C. Duby
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of an oral formulation of cetirizine 5 mg with sustained‐release pseudoephedrine (PSE) 120 mg relative to placebo in patients with nasal congestion. Methods Twenty‐four patients with perennial rhinitis due to house‐dust‐mite (HDM) allergy were recruited in this crossover study. A treatment period of 1 week, in which cetirizine/PSE was administered twice daily, was followed by a washout period of at least 2 weeks and a further period of 1 week in which the alternative treatment was given to each patient. Immediately after the first dose of each medication (day 1), nasal congestion and related symptoms were assessed during a 7‐h challenge with HDM feces, with the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC), to investigate onset of action of the preparation. A second challenge of 3‐h duration, carried out at least 12 h after the final dose, was undertaken after 1 week (mean) of twice‐daily treatment to assess residual effects of the formulation after achievement of steady state. Results The oral formulation of cetirizine/PSE was significantly (p &lt;0.001) superior to placebo in improving nasal obstruction during both challenges. The improvement in nasal airflow and nasal patency was significantly greater with cetirizine/PSE than with placebo (P&lt;0.02). In addition, subjective assessment of nasal symptoms showed that cetirizine/PSE was significantly superior to placebo in both challenges for the sum of nasal obstruction scores (P&lt;0.01). Both medications were well tolerated, and no serious adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions In this study, cetirizine/PSE relieved nasal congestion and other objective and subjective symptoms to a significantly greater extent than placebo. No serious adverse events occurred, and both regimens were equally well tolerated.
Abnormal Color Vision and Reliable Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
Authors: P Lombrail, G Cathelineau, P Gervais, N Thibult
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Color vision was assessed in 103 insulin-dependent diabetic patients using the Farnsworth-Münsell 100-Hue Test. All showed color vision impairment. Thirty-four had true dyschromatopsia while 22 suffered from tritanopia or other axial defects. We evaluated how accurately diabetic patients could monitor their own blood glucose by asking them to read a series of 30 precalibrated BM Test Glycemic Strips (Chemstrip, Boehringer, Mannheim, West Germany) without a meter. Patients with axial defects performed least well regardless of 100-Hue scores. Reading accuracy of patients with no axial defects was strongly correlated to 100-Hue scores, although patients having dyschromatopsia were consistently hesitant about their readings. Our results suggest that self-monitoring of blood glucose without a meter is indicated only after color vision has been examined by the 100-Hue Test. Self-monitoring should be voided with patients suffering from axial defects or having unsatisfactory 100-Hue scores.
Urticaria: then and now
Authors: R. H. CHAMPION
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Urticaria: then and now Get access R. H. CHAMPION R. H. CHAMPION Dermatology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Pages 427–436, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03246.x Published: 01 October 1988
Risk Factors for In-hospital Nonhemorrhagic Stroke in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Thrombolysis
Authors: Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Christopher B. Granger, Michael A. Sloan, Trevor D. Thompson, Joel M. Gore, W. Douglas Weaver, Harvey D. White, Maarten L. Simoons, Gabriel I. Barbash, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Nonhemorrhagic stroke occurs in 0.1% to 1.3% of patients with acute myocardial infarction who are treated with thrombolysis, with substantial associated mortality and morbidity. Little is known about the risk factors for its occurrence. Methods and Results —We studied the 247 patients with nonhemorrhagic stroke who were randomly assigned to one of four thrombolytic regimens within 6 hours of symptom onset in the GUSTO-I trial. We assessed the univariable and multivariable baseline risk factors for nonhemorrhagic stroke and created a scoring nomogram from the baseline multivariable modeling. We used time-dependent Cox modeling to determine multivariable in-hospital predictors of nonhemorrhagic stroke. Baseline and in-hospital predictors were then combined to determine the overall predictors of nonhemorrhagic stroke. Of the 247 patients, 42 (17%) died and another 98 (40%) were disabled by 30-day follow-up. Older age was the most important baseline clinical predictor of nonhemorrhagic stroke, followed by higher heart rate, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, diabetes, previous angina, and history of hypertension. These factors remained statistically significant predictors in the combined model, along with worse Killip class, coronary angiography, bypass surgery, and atrial fibrillation/flutter. Conclusions —Nonhemorrhagic stroke is a serious event in patients with acute myocardial infarction who are treated with thrombolytic, antithrombin, and antiplatelet therapy. We developed a simple nomogram that can predict the risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke on the basis of baseline clinical characteristics. Prophylactic anticoagulation may be an important treatment strategy for patients with high probability for nonhemorrhagic stroke, but further study is needed.
HLA class II DR, DQ, and DP restriction fragment length polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: W M Howell, P R Evans, P J Wilson, M I Cawley, J L Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

HLA class II restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were studied in 43 individuals with established seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in a group of healthy controls. All patients and controls were tissue typed for HLA-A, B, and DR antigens. Rapid, initial screening for RA associated RFLPs was conducted by pooling DNA samples from 11 HLA-DR4 positive patients with RA and comparing the RFLP patterns with those seen in a pool of DNA samples drawn from 11 HLA-DR4 positive healthy controls. Candidate RA associated RFLPs were examined in our full panel of patients with RA and controls. In most cases the RFLPs detected showed no significant association with RA. An exception was a 13.0 kb DraI DQ beta associated RFLP, which, when HLA-DR4 positive patients with RA and controls were considered alone, showed a weak positive association with susceptibility to RA. This RFLP was not associated with known DR, DQ, or Dw specificities. These results show a distinct paucity of class II RA associated RFLPs but may indicate a role for DQ beta genetic variation in the aetiology of RA.
Effects of external environmental changes on the viscosity of human synovial fluid.
Authors: J F Buchan, M P Rigby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Obesity was found to have no influence on prognosis in the series, as 60 per cent. of the patients were less than 7 lb.over their ideal weight for height and age, and there was no correlation between deterioration and excess of weight.It was shown that 68 per cent. of the patients left in the trial had deteriorated after 5 years; i.e. eighteen patients needed increased time for stairs and 39 required surgery.32 per cent. of patients had shown no deterioration in any way which could be measured.Finally, it was suggested that all patients with primary osteoarthrosis of the hips did not inevitably deteriorate, although those with radiological cysts when first seen were more likely to do so and might be suitable for surgery at an early stage.
The Residency Years
Authors: Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Learning clinical medicine is a lengthy process. From the first years of medical school through the residency years, students are gradually given more responsibility for patient care. The central rationale for this approach is that we learn clinical skills by performing them, not only by watching. Implicit in this arrangement is the availability of competent teachers. Students become progressively more effective in caring for patients and more valuable in teaching one another. If residents have no freedom to think and act or if they cannot or do not find help when they need it, their education will be hobbled. The . . .
Neonatal vaccination with Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin elicits long‐term protection in mouse‐allergic responses
Authors: H. Shen, H. Huang, J. Wang, S. Ye, W. Li, K. Wang, G. Zhang, P. Wang
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been shown to inhibit allergic airway inflammation in animal models, associated with the regulation of allergen‐specific T‐cell immunity. However, little is known about whether neonatal BCG treatment could inhibit allergic inflammation by regulating allergen‐specific T‐cell response in aged mice. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of neonatal BCG treatment on allergic asthma and possible mechanism(s) underlying the action of BCG in different ages of mice. Methods: C57BL/6 neonates were vaccinated with BCG on days 1, 7 and 14, sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) at 5 and 7 weeks of age, and then challenged with allergen at 9 or 45 weeks of age for early‐ or late‐challenged asthma. Their airway inflammation and allergen‐specific T‐cell responses were characterized. Results: Following early‐challenge, BCG vaccination inhibited airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR), infiltration of eosinophils and mucous overproduction ( P &lt; 0.05), and shifted OVA‐specific predominant Th2‐ to Th1‐type cytokine responses in both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the splenocyte supernatants ( P &lt; 0.05). In late‐challenged mice, neonatal BCG treatment attenuated AHR and eosinophilia ( P &lt; 0.05), but failed to modulate allergen‐specific cytokine responses. Conclusions: Our data suggest that neonatal BCG vaccination has a long‐term effect on inhibiting AHR and eosinophilia, which is associated with the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine production in early‐, but not in late‐challenged mice. Thus, different mechanisms may mediate the long‐term protective effect of BCG neonatal vaccination differently in younger adult and aged mice.
Discordance in fibrosis staging between liver biopsy and transient elastography using the FibroScan XL probe
Authors: Robert P. Myers, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Richard Kirsch, Aaron Pollett, Melanie Beaton, Mark Levstik, Andres Duarte-Rojo, David Wong, Pam Crotty, Magdy Elkashab
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
TREATMENT OF STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA.
Authors: HENRY J. REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1884)

[Read before the Surgical Section of the American Medical Association, at Cleveland, Ohio, June 8, 1883.] In no department of medicine or surgery has scientific progress been more rapid during the last few decades, than in genito-urinary surgery. The unity of hard and soft chancre is a theory no longer entertained. Tapping the bladder through the rectum with an ordinary trocar has been superseded by the superior process of aspiration above the pubes. “Tieing in” of catheters and sounds, in the treatment of various urinary affections, has been mostly abandoned. Locating stricture with a sound of even caliber, and considering every adult urethra where a No. 14 or 15 English sound could be passed, as large enough, aré fallacies no longer accepted. I will here confine my remarks to the treatment of organic or permanent stricture of the urethra. This of itself is a very wide and comprehensive subject, and