tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE METHOD OF USING GIEMSA'S BLOOD STAIN
Authors: M. W. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The customary method of using Giemsa's stain by employing the freshly diluted stock solution, 1: 10 or 1: 15, with distilled water, makes the use of this excellent stain somewhat troublesome and expensive. The procedure here described simplifies the method, saves stain, and makes it almost as easy to use as is Wright's stain or its modifications. The blood film is fixed by immersing the slide in a jar of methyl alcohol or by pouring the alcohol over it. A half minute appears ample time. After drying, the film side is covered with distilled water, and from three to five drops of the stock Giemsa stain is added to the water in different portions of the slide. A slight rocking of the slide insures uniform mixing of the stain and water. The mixture of the stain and water is allowed to act for about fifteen minutes. The stain and water
Relative toxicity of benzodiazepines in overdose
Authors: N A Buckley, A H Dawson, I M Whyte, D L O'Connell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the sedative effects in overdose of temazepam and oxazepam compared with other benzodiazepines to determine if this explains reported differences in fatal toxicity <b>Design</b>: Cohort study of patients admitted with benzodiazepine poisoning <b>Setting</b>: Newcastle, Australia <b>Subjects</b>: 303 patients who had ingested benzodiazepine alone or in combination with alcohol and presented to a general hospital which served a well defined geographical area <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Degree of sedation: Glasgow coma score, McCarron Score, and whether patients were stuporose or comatose <b>Results</b>: Oxazepam produced less and temazepam more sedation than other benzodiazepines. Unadjusted odds ratios for coma with oxazepam and temazepam compared with other benzodiazepines were 0.0 (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.85) and 1.86 (0.68 to 4.77) respectively, x<sup>2</sup>=7.08, 2df, P=0.03. After adjustment for potentially confounding effects of age, dose ingested, and coingestion of alcohol, the odds ratios were 0.22 (0.0 to 1.43) for oxazepam and 1.94 (0.57 to 6.23) for temazepam. Similar results were obtained for other measures of sedation <b>Conclusions</b>: These results were in accordance with fatal toxicity indices derived from coroners9 data on mortality and rates of prescription. The relative safety of benzodiazepines in overdose should be a consideration when they are prescribed <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages In a recent study of coronial data large differences were noted in the number of fatal poisonings caused by different benzodiazepines (after correction for market share) This study provides evidence that there are differences, both before and after adjustment for a number of potential confounders, between benzodiazepines in the incidence with which they cause major sedation in overdose These clinical differences provide explanation and support for the coronial data Benzodiazepines cannot be assumed to be safe in patients at risk of self poisoning, but some benzodiazepines seem to be safer than others
The Antivivisection Bill.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1900)

New York City, Dec. 27, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> Apropos to the announcement of the introduction of Senator Gallinger's antivivisection bill again, I have furnished the following concise and explicit data for Senator McMillan, who is chairman of the committee that will discuss the Gallinger bill. This has been done at the suggestion of a legislator who states that legislative committees give more attention to this form of presentation of a subject than they do to more elaborate and less definite methods of arguments. It is very important that other surgeons and other physicians give a similar account of their personal work immediately. Yours truly,Robert T. Morris, M.D. New York, Dec. 27, 1899. Hon. James McMillan: <h3>My Dear Sir:</h3> The president of theAmerican Medical Associationhas published an announcement to the effect that Senator Gallinger has again introduced into Congress the bill, "For the Further Prevention of Cruelty
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Authors: Thabet Al-Sheikh, Keith B. Allen, Susan P. Straka, David A. Heimansohn, Richard L. Fain, Gary D. Hutchins, Stephen G. Sawada, Douglas P. Zipes, Erica D. Engelstein
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) has been shown to improve refractory angina not amenable to conventional coronary interventions. However, the mechanism of action remains controversial, because improved myocardial perfusion has not been consistently demonstrated. We hypothesized that TMR relieves angina by causing myocardial sympathetic denervation.PET imaging of resting and stress myocardial perfusion with [13N]ammonia (NH3) and of sympathetic innervation with [11C]hydroxyephedrine (HED) was performed before and after TMR in 8 patients with class IV angina ineligible for CABG or PTCA. A mean of 50+/-11 channels were created in the left ventricle (LV) with a holmium:YAG laser. A semiautomated program was used to determine NH3 uptake and HED retention in the LV. Perfusion and innervation defects were defined as the percentage of LV with tracer uptake or retention >2 SD below normal mean values. All patients experienced improvement in their angina by 2.4+/-0.5 angina classes after surgery, P=0.008. Sympathetic innervation defects exceeded resting perfusion defects in all patients before TMR (34.6+/-27.3% for HED versus 9.4+/-10.8% for NH3, P=0.008). TMR did not significantly affect resting or stress myocardial perfusion but increased the extent of sympathetic denervation in 6 of 8 patients by 27.5+/-15.9%, P=0.03. In the remaining 2 patients, both sympathetic denervation and stress perfusion defects decreased after surgery.TMR causes decreased myocardial HED uptake in most patients without significant change in resting or stress myocardial perfusion, suggesting that the improvement in angina may be at least in part due to sympathetic denervation.
Alphabet Now Complete: NIH Discovers Hepatitis Z Virus
Authors: Ludwig A. Lettau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Ad Libitum15 July 1993Alphabet Now Complete: NIH Discovers Hepatitis Z VirusLudwig A. Lettau, MDLudwig A. Lettau, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail WASHINGTON, D.C.July 30, 2010 (API)Federal officials at the National Institute for Hepatitis (NIH) yesterday announced the discovery of hepatitis Z virus (HZV) found in the blood of a member of a California cult of raw liver consumers. The NIH press release stated that HZV is the cause of a virulent hepatitis dubbed liver lover's liver commonly afflicting these cult members. The Type Z designation will now replace the previously official name of Non-A, Non-B, Non-C, Non-D, Non-Y hepatitis virus which was somewhat ponderous according to many hepatitis experts.According to a chief researcher, speaking through a molecular biotechnese interpreter, HZV ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNew Emerging Infections: Non-Natural and Fake PathogensThe Language of Infectious Disease: A Light-Hearted Review 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 167KeywordsBloodHIVHealth care providersHepatitisHepatitis AHepatitis A virusHepatitis E virusHepatitis virusesLiverVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Quacks and Their Advertisements
Authors: J. R. Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1852)

A self-consistent analytical solution for binodal concentrations of the two-component Flory-Huggins model is derived. We show that this form extends the validity of the Ginzburg-Landau expansion away from the critical point to cover the whole phase space. Furthermore, this analytical solution reveals an exponential scaling law of the dilute phase binodal concentration as a function of interaction strength and chain length. We demonstrate explicitly the power of this approach by fitting experimental protein liquid-liquid phase separation boundaries to determine the effective chain length and the solute-solvent interaction energy. Moreover, we demonstrate that this strategy allows us to resolve the differences in the interaction energy contributions of individual amino acids. This analytical framework can serve as a new way to decode the protein sequence grammar for liquid-liquid phase separation.
A painful and swollen right breast in a young male
Authors: G.E. Kapotsis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

This study was supported by the “Thorax” Foundation, Athens, Greece.

A 33-yr-old, Caucasian male, smoker (40 pack-yr) presented to the current authors' hospital complaining of a painful and swollen right breast, which had already lasted a few weeks. He had poor oral hygiene, had been subject to several teeth extractions over the previous 2 yrs and had sporadically used oral antibiotics. He denied fever, cough and shortness of breath or weight loss. The chest physical examination disclosed a painful large soft tissue mass (10×8 cm) on the anterior right side of the chest wall, right in the upper part of the breast.

Vital signs were normal, as were the results of the routine laboratory tests, with the exception of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the C-reactive protein, which were both elevated. The arterial blood gas analysis was within the normal range. The tuberculosis skin test was negative. The patient's chest radiograph and the computed tomography (CT) scan are shown in figures 1⇓ and 2⇓, respectively. A surgical biopsy was performed under local anesthesia and the tissue histology is also shown in figure 3⇓.



Fig. 1.— 
Posteroanterior radiograph of the chest on admission.





Fig. 2.— 
Chest computed tomography scan at the level of the upper lobes.





Fig. 3.— 
a) Haematoxylin and eosin stain of the chest wall soft tissue …
Initial Intensive Care in an Accident and Emergency Department
Authors: R. N. Baird, J. Noble, D. M. Lean
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The work in the resuscitation room is initial intensive care. This must be always available independent of inpatient resources. This demands investment in adequate equipment and staffing. Much of the work is medical rather than surgical and appropriate for physicians to treat. Our experience might help others to plan for the future.
On Diseased Vessels; and the Value of the Pulse as a Special Symptom
Authors: H. Duncalfe
Journal: BMJ (1859)

pressure upon the walls of the cavity.The comparative fre- quency of scirrhus in India seems to be in accordance with the observations of the best pathologists, who have asserted, that in tropical climates the tendency of malignant disease is to scirrhus, and in cold climates in a much greater degree to fungus hbmatodes, and other forms of malignant tumours. 24,
Implications of real-world distributions and the conversation game for studies of human probability judgments
Authors: John C. Thomas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Subjects in experiments use real-life strategies that differ significantly from those assumed by experimenters. First, true randomness is rare in both natural and constructed environments. Second, communication follows conventions which depend on the game-theoretic aspects of situations. Third, in the common rhetorical stance of storytelling, people do not tell about the representative but about unusual, exceptional, and rare cases.
Effect of Combined Folic Acid, Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>on Cancer Risk in Women
Authors: Shumin M. Zhang, Nancy R. Cook, Christine M. Albert, J. Michael Gaziano, Julie E. Buring, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Folate, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) are thought to play an important role in cancer prevention.To evaluate the effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) treatment on cancer risk in women at high risk for cardiovascular disease.In the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study, 5442 US female health professionals aged 42 years or older, with preexisting cardiovascular disease or 3 or more coronary risk factors, were randomly assigned to receive either a daily combination of folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) or a matching placebo. They were treated for 7.3 years from April 1998 through July 31, 2005.Daily supplementation of a combination of 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B(6), and 1 mg of vitamin B(12) (n = 2721) or placebo (n = 2721).Confirmed newly diagnosed total invasive cancer or breast cancer.A total of 379 women developed invasive cancer (187 in the active treatment group and 192 in the placebo group). Compared with placebo, women receiving the active treatment had similar risk of developing total invasive cancer (101.1/10,000 person-years for the active treatment group vs 104.3/10,000 person-years for placebo group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.18; P = .75), breast cancer (37.8/10,000 person-years vs 45.6/10,000 person-years, respectively; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.60-1.14; P = .24), or any cancer death (24.6/10,000 person-years vs 30.1/10,000 person-years, respectively; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.21; P = .32).Combined folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) treatment had no significant effect on overall risk of total invasive cancer or breast cancer among women during the folic acid fortification era.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000541.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Findings from a cohort study
Authors: Jildou Hoekstra, Frank W.G. Leebeek, Aurelie Plessier, Sebastian Raffa, Sarwa Darwish Murad, Jörg Heller, Antoine Hadengue, Carine Chagneau, Elwyn Elias, Massimo Primignani, Juan-Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Dominique C. Valla, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effect of alcohol on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium.
Authors: L R Draper, L A Gyure, J G Hall, D Robertson
Journal: Gut (1983)

The absorption of macromolecules from the small intestine of rats was studied in terms of the amount of peroxidase activity that appeared in thoracic duct lymph after a 10 mg dose of horseradish peroxidase had been injected directly into the lumen of the duodenum. When the horseradish peroxidase was injected as a solution in saline no peroxidase activity was detected in the lymph. When ethyl alcohol was included in the dose at final concentrations of 12.5-16% the flow rate of the lymph increased markedly for an hour or so and during this time peroxidase activity was detected in the lymph. An electronmicroscope study of the duodenal epithelium that had been exposed to alcoholic solutions of horseradish peroxidase showed that the enzyme had penetrated between the enterocytes. It was concluded that the presence in the intestine of substantial amounts of alcohol temporarily destabilises the intercellular junctions of the epithelium and thus promotes the absorption of materials which are normally excluded.
Farming environments and childhood atopy, wheeze, lung function, and exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: Oliver Fuchs, Jon Genuneit, Philipp Latzin, Gisela Büchele, Elisabeth Horak, Georg Loss, Barbara Sozanska, Juliane Weber, Andrzej Boznanski, Dick Heederik, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Urs Frey, Erika von Mutius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
PWE-068 Endoscopic Resection Of Complex Colonic Polyps – Where Do The Boundaries Lie?
Authors: T Elliott, ZP Tsiamoulos, N Suzuki, BP Saunders
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The role of endoscopic resection for colonic polyps previously destined for surgery is expanding. However, surgery remains appropriate in some cases. The aim of this study was to examine tertiary polyp referrals that did not undergo endoscopic polypectomy. The objectives were to determine (i) the proportion of polyps referred for polypectomy that were not endoscopically resected, (ii) the primary reason in this decision-making and (iii) factors associated with polyps that were not endoscopically resected. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective observational study of all polyps referred for endoscopic resection (ER) to a tertiary centre between January 2010 and August 2012 was performed. For each case, ER was either completed, abandoned or not attempted. The primary reason for abandoning or not attempting ER was documented. Demographics, polyp characteristics and histology were recorded and a comparative analysis (using chi-square test and independent-samples T test) was made between patients in whom ER was abandoned or not attempted with those in whom ER was completed. <h3>Results</h3> ER was either abandoned (n/29) or not attempted (n/55) in 84 of 423 polyp referrals. This was most commonly because of suspected invasive cancer (45/84). Of these 45 polyps, 12 had characteristic macroscopic features of cancer on inspection. In 24/45, invasive cancer was suspected after advanced endoscopic examination (including surface morphology (Paris/NICE/Kudo) classification and forceps palpation). In 9/45, invasive cancer was only suspected during attempted ER, which was then abandoned. The remaining 41/84 polyps for which ER was abandoned or not attempted appeared benign. The positive and negative predictive values of endoscopic evaluation for the diagnosis of invasive cancer were 86% and 96% respectively. The benign-appearing polyps were not endoscopically resected because of (i) a high risk location (ie. overlying the appendix, IC valve or a diverticulum), n = 12; (ii) difficult access, n = 12; (iii) size ≥ 5 cm combined with other factors, n = 8; (iv) age/comorbidities, n = 4 or (v) poor tolerance of colonoscopy, n = 2. Forty-six percent of these benign polyps were in the caecum. In comparison with patients who underwent complete ER, those in whom ER was abandoned or not attempted were more likely to be female (56 vs. 37%, P &lt; 0.001), had larger mean polyp size (4.7 cm vs 3.7 cm P &lt; 0.001), and had a higher incidence of polyp cancer on histology (47 vs. 2.7% P &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Twenty percent of polyps referred to a tertiary institution for polypectomy may not be suitable for endoscopic resection. This is most commonly due to the presence of invasive cancer which can usually be recognised by endoscopic examination. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Standards on Authors' Responsibilities
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 November 1985Standards on Authors' ResponsibilitiesEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-797 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe agreement among major journals on manuscript requirements (1) reached at a 1978 meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, has greatly influenced medical publishing. The document issued from the Vancouver meeting, Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, was revised somewhat a few years later and published in this journal (2) and the British Medical Journal (3). The number of journals throughout the world that have joined the agreement has grown to almost 300.The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the drafters ofUniform Requirements. . . , has deliberately avoided frequent and minor changes and additions to...References1. HUTH E. Uniform requirements for manuscripts [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:120. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:766-71. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Br Med J. 1982;284:1766-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnnals of Internal Medicine at Age 75: Reflections on the Past 25 YearsEdward J. Huth, MD and Kathleen Case, MSPublishing characteristics of chairpersons of physical medicine and rehabilitation departmentsIrresponsible Authorship and Wasteful PublicationEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Abuses and Uses of AuthorshipGuidelines on Authorship of Medical PapersEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D. 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 797-797 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Newly Approved Organ Preservation Solution Puts Longer Life in Liver Grafts
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

AN ORGAN preservation medium, recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in the United States, is making liver transplantation a more leisurely procedure, according to several reports at the recent meeting of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons in Chicago, Ill. The University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution, developed by surgeon Folkert O. Belzer, MD, and biochemist James Southard, PhD, contains a combination of metabolic and preservative agents concocted by the two over a period of several years. It has been licensed by the university to E.I DuPont de Nemours &amp; Company, Wilmington, Del, and is marketed under the trade name ViaSpan. The solution has been evaluated in clinical trials in the United States and Europe since 1986, which, almost uniformly, have demonstrated that it has doubled the cold storage time for harvested livers. More recently, studies have been directed at establishing whether organs stored
Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Events With Low HDL Cholesterol
Authors: Sander J. Robins, Hanna Bloomfield Rubins, Fred H. Faas, Ernst J. Schaefer, Marshall B. Elam, James W. Anderson, Dorothea Collins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To assess the effect of insulin resistance and the benefit of the fibrate, gemfibrozil, on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in subjects with low HDL cholesterol and a broad range of triglyceride values who participated in the Veterans Affairs High Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT).This intention-to-treat analysis, specified as a secondary objective in VA-HIT, determined using Cox proportional hazards models the 5-year combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD) death, or stroke in relation to the presence or absence of insulin resistance (defined by the highest tertile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) in conjunction with lower and higher levels of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The study population consisted of 2,283 men with known coronary heart disease (CHD), treated with either placebo or gemfibrozil, who could be subdivided into groups with diabetes with or without insulin resistance, with no diabetes but insulin resistance, and with neither diabetes nor insulin resistance.With insulin resistance there was a significantly higher relative risk (RR) of a cardiovascular event both with diabetes (RR of 1.62 with 95% CI of 1.28-2.06) and without diabetes (RR of 1.43 with 95% CI of 1.03-1.98) than without insulin resistance. Throughout both lower and higher ranges of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, the rate of new cardiovascular events and the reduction of events with gemfibrozil was greater in subjects with insulin resistance than without, despite the finding that an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides with gemfibrozil was less with insulin resistance than without insulin resistance.Results show that in VA-HIT the occurrence of a new cardiovascular event and the benefit of fibrate therapy was much less dependent on levels of HDL cholesterol or triglycerides than on the presence or absence of insulin resistance.