tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Patients with Asthma
Authors: MICHAEL E. WECHSLER, HARTMUT GRASEMANN, AARON DEYKIN, EDWIN K. SILVERMAN, CHANDRI N. YANDAVA, ELLIOT ISRAEL, MATT WAND, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

An increased concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air (FENO) is now recognized as a critical component of the asthmatic phenotype. When we identified patients with asthma on the basis of a standard case definition alone, we found that they were remarkably heterogeneous with respect to their FENO. However, when we included genotype at a prominent asthma candidate gene (i.e., NOS1) in the case definition, and determined the number of AAT repeats in intron 20, we identified a remarkably homogeneous cohort of patients with respect to FENO. Both mean FENO (p = 0.00008) and variability around the mean (p = 0.000002) were significantly lower in asthmatic individuals with a high number (> or = 12) of AAT repeats at this locus than in those with fewer repeats. These data provide a biologically tenable link between genotype at a candidate gene in a region of linkage, NOS1, and an important component of the asthmatic phenotype, FENO. We show that addition of NOS1 genotype to the case definition of asthma allows the identification of a uniform cohort of patients, with respect to FENO, that would have been indistinguishable by other physiologic criteria. Our isolation of this homogeneous cohort of patients ties together the well-established associations among asthma, increased concentrations of NO in the exhaled air of asthmatic individuals, and variations of trinucleotide repeat sequences as identified in several neurologic conditions.
Atherogenic remnant lipoproteins: role for proteoglycans in trapping, transferring, and internalizing
Authors: Robert W. Mahley, Yadong Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Unraveling the mechanisms controlling remnant lipoprotein clearance is important, as these lipoproteins are highly atherogenic. The most critical molecule in this process is apoE, which mediates high-affinity binding of remnant lipoproteins to members of the LDL receptor (LDLR) family and cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which have been shown to play major independent as well as cooperative roles in remnant lipoprotein clearance. While all the players may have been identified, our understanding of how they interact and function together continues to evolve. In this issue of the JCI, MacArthur et al. (see the related article beginning on page 153) demonstrated that HSPGs under normal physiological conditions are critically important in the clearance of remnant lipoproteins, independent of LDLR family members. The complexity of VLDL and chylomicron remnant clearance was exemplified by the studies of Jones et al., also in this issue (see the related article beginning on page 165). Despite defective clearance of LDL in mice with a deficiency in the adaptor protein controlling internalization of the LDLR, called autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), remnant lipoprotein clearance was not grossly abnormal. A likely explanation is that the abnormal LDLRs bind the remnants and then transfer them to another acceptor for internalization. While the studies clearly demonstrate that the LDLR-related protein 1 is not involved and suggest a role for an additional unidentified receptor, it remains a possibility that HSPGs are responsible for remnant uptake by hepatocytes in the presence of defective LDLR internalization.
The Association of Emergency Department Crowding During Treatment for Acute Coronary Syndrome With Subsequent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Donald Edmondson, Daichi Shimbo, Siqin Ye, Peter Wyer, Karina W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

models.However, they, like the patients they serve, often lack the knowledge and practical experience to proactively advise their patients.Many medical students and physicians feel ill-equipped to counsel overweight or obese patients. [7]8][9] As such, we need enhanced educational efforts aimed at translating decades of nutrition science into practical strategies whereby healthy, affordable, easily prepared and delicious foods become the predominant elements of a person's dietary lifestyle.The multidisciplinary interactive educational program described herein may be worthy of further investigation in this regard.Perhaps in this era of scientific advancement regarding nutrition science, it is now time to "teach the teachers" ways to access, prepare, and enjoy healthy, delicious foods, so that they, in turn, can advise their patients to do the same.
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Sleep Behavior Disorder-Reply
Authors: Carlos H. Schenck
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Alcohol and other drug abuse disorders were not detected in our patient sample, apart from one alcoholic woman previously reported, 1 whose rapid eye movement  behavior  (RBD) emerged and disappeared in conjunction with the Guillain-Barre syndrome; pharmacologic control of her RBD was not required. Our routine screening for substance abuse includes review of past medical records, psychiatric and neurological history taking and examinations, interviews with all spouses, and completion by each patient and spouse of a standard sleep-wakefulness questionnaire, which contains nine questions from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and 31 questions on drug use. Liver function tests are routinely performed and urine toxicology screening is ordered whenever warranted.  Dr Westermeyer provides no details about the sleep behavior disorder that he states is often present in alcohol and other drug abusers, nor does he present any correlative polysomnographic evidence, which is essential for establishing a diagnosis.
Can Turner syndrome teach us about the pathogenesis of chronic cholestasis?
Authors: Piotr Milkiewicz, Jenny Heathcote, Harmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The mechanisms that cause the female predominance of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are uncertain, but the X chromosome includes genes involved in immunological tolerance. We assessed the rate of X monosomy in peripheral white blood cells from 100 women with PBC, 50 with chronic hepatitis C, and 50 healthy controls, by fluorescence in-situ hybridisation. Frequency of X monosomy increased with age in all groups, but was significantly higher in women with PBC than in controls (p&lt;0.0001); age-adjusted back-transformed mean frequencies were 0.050 (95% CI 0.046-0.055) in women with PBC, 0.032 (0.028-0.036) in those with chronic hepatitis C, and 0.028 (0.025-0.032) in controls. We suggest that haploinsufficiency for specific X-linked genes leads to female susceptibility to PBC.
Rash, Weakness, and Acetaminophen
Authors: PAUL A. MICHELSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 September 1975Rash, Weakness, and AcetaminophenPAUL A. MICHELSON, M.S.PAUL A. MICHELSON, M.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-3-374 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcetaminophen is generally known as an analgesic-antipyretic agent with few adverse effects. Most reports of adverse reactions involve liver damage, thrombocytopenia, and other hematologic reactions, while very few include rash and weakness. This letter reports a case of a generalized rash and body weakness attributed to acetaminophen.A 64-year-old white man had a 12-year history of hypertension that had been treated with reserpine but now was being treated with hydrochlorothiazide. Four and a half years before admission the patient had a myocardial infarction, was hospitalized for 2 weeks, rested at home for 3 weeks, and was treated with warfarin for...Reference1. HENRIQUES C: Acetaminophen sensitivity and fixed dermatitis. JAMA 214:2336, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL A. MICHELSON, M.S.Affiliations: College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions St. John's University Jamaica, NY 11439 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcetaminophen OverdoseAntipyretic analgesics 1 September 1975Volume 83, Issue 3Page: 374-374KeywordsAdverse reactionsAnalgesicsHypertensionLiverMyocardial infarctionRashesReserpine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Oncology as a teaching specialty
Authors: Athanasios Theologides, B. J. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Small-bowel ulceration induced by potassium chloride.
Authors: W. B. Ashby, J. Humphreys, S. J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Stone Dissolution-Lotz and Bartter MMrFCLJOISE 1409 achieved simply by stopping therapy until symptoms subside- usually in four to five days-and then resuming therapy gradually with increasing doses over several weeks.We have used n-pen.successfully now in two patients with well- documented histories of penicillin allergy.Previously it was our belief that D-pen.would be effective only in preventing de novo stone formation or progression of stones already formed.Therefore patients with calculi and pyelonephritis-a complication we not infrequently encounter- were rendered stone-free surgically in order to maximize chances for eradicating infection with selected antibiotics.Our success in dissolving stones in each of these four patients has led us now to be more conservative in recommending operation to patients with nephrolithiasis complicated by pyelonephritis.So far we have not encountered any patient whose stones proved refractory to dissolution when D-pen. was added to the conventional programme.Over the last two years five of our patients have decided, quite against our advice, to omit fluids, alkali, and methionine restriction and to continue only on D-pen.All have remained stone-free.Because n-pen. is thought to suppress cystine most success- fully in an alkaline urine we have been hesitant previously to acidify the urine of patients infected with Proteus vulgaris or patients in whom long-term suppressive therapy with Mandelamine was indicated.Our experience in Case 2 indicates that high-acidity of the urine does not interfere with the action of n-pen.Our plan with this patient is to dissolve the stones completely and then attempt a cure of pyelonephritis with appropriate antibiotics. SummarySignificant stone dissolution occurred in four patients with cystine calculi when D-penicillamine was added to a previously ineffective conventional therapeutic programme of forced fluids, alkali, and in three cases methionine restriction.Elective surgery for refractory nephrolithiasis complicated by pyelonephritis should be deferred until a reasonable trial has been made to effect stone dissolution with D-penicillamine.D-Penicillamine is a highly effective therapeutic agent in cystinuria even when used alone in the absence of the conven- tional programme.
Life Is Short, the Art Long, Opportunity Fleeting, Experience Treacherous, Judgment Difficult
Authors: Charles E. Conner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I wonder if it is only coincidence that the article by Drs Elliot and Hickam<sup>1</sup>about the evaluation of physical examination skills appeared inTHE JOURNALso soon after the A PIECE OF MY MIND<sup>2</sup>by the disillusioned student was published. Certainly the student had ample reason to be discouraged. If his story is anywhere near the truth, he was mortally ill, probably thought he was dying, and the only parts of the modern hospital complex that paid any attention to him, the central character in this little drama, were the hospital laboratory, the x-ray department, and other sophisticated and expensive specialty aids. I am an old and retired general practitioner. From 1939 to the late 1960s, it was my (often frightening) experience to serve my patients in whatever ways I could, without these machines and with precious little specialty help. This entailed a good
Points: Drug interaction with coumarin derivative anticoagulants
Authors: D P Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

August, p 444) the treatment with adrenaline referred to in the 17th edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases for cerebral malaria dates from the days when quinine was the only drug used in the treat- ment of severe falciparum malaria before the days of 4'amino-quinolines.Its value was based on hearsay and practice in conditions away from laboratory facilities.After the war quinine was no longer used, but with the appearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria rapidly assumed its former value.The more modern assessments of the results of traditional treatments and the general use of quinine by intravenous infusion, which has removed the danger of hypotensive collapse, have led to a reassessment of the practice.
Rebuilding health services in Rwanda
Authors: C Vickery
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - African Rights' report of the massacres in Rwanda makes sombre reading.1,2 The fact that doctors and other health workers were involved in the genocide, either willingly or after they and their families had been threatened with immediate death, is well documented. One of the effects of this is only now becoming clear: a whole layer of primary health care workers has all but …
MORPHOLOGICAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES OF A PATHOGENIC STRAIN OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI AND THEIR RELATION TO ITS VIRULENCE
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. The morphological and developmental anomalies of a pathogenic strain of Trypanosoma lewisi have been described to show the unusual character of the strain. 2. Especial attention is called to the spontaneous occurrence of ablepharoplastic forms of Trypanosoma lewisi. 3. It is pointed out that morphological anomalies were most pronounced in infections that showed unusual conditions of multiplication, and that such infections usually proved severe. 4. Finally, an appreciable correlation between the morphological and developmental characteristics and the virulence as manifested in these examples of infection with Trypanosoma lewisi has been suggested.
Alterations in Liver ATP Homeostasis in Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Helena Cortez-Pinto, John Chatham, V. P. Chacko, Cheryl Arnold, Asif Rashid, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextThe mechanisms that drive progression from fatty liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis are unknown. In animal models, obese mice with fatty livers are vulnerable to liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and necrosis, suggesting that altered hepatic energy homeostasis may be involved.ObjectiveTo determine if patients with fatty liver disease exhibit impaired recovery from hepatic ATP depletion.DesignLaboratory analysis of liver ATP stores monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after transient hepatic ATP depletion was induced by fructose injection. The study was conducted between July 15 and August 30, 1998.SettingUniversity hospital.PatientsEight consecutive adults with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and 7 healthy age- and sex-matched controls.Main Outcome MeasureLevel of ATP 1 hour after fructose infusion in patients vs controls.ResultsIn patients, serum aminotransferase levels were increased (P = .02 vs controls); albumin and bilirubin values were normal and clinical evidence of portal hypertension was absent in both groups. However, 2 patients had moderate fibrosis and 1 had cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Mean serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were similar between groups but patients weighed significantly more than controls (P = .02). Liver ATP levels were similar in the 2 groups before fructose infusion and decreased similarly in both after fructose infusion (P = .01 vs initial ATP levels). However, controls replenished their hepatic ATP stores during the 1-hour follow-up period (P&lt;.02 vs minimum ATP) but patients did not. Hence, patients' hepatic ATP levels were lower than those of controls at the end of the study (P = .04). Body mass index (BMI) correlated inversely with ATP recovery, even in controls (R = −0.768; P = .07). Although BMI was greater in patients than controls (P = .02) and correlated strongly with fatty liver and serum aminotransferase elevations, neither of the latter 2 parameters nor the histologic severity of fibrosis strongly predicted hepatic ATP recovery.ConclusionsThese data suggest that recovery from hepatic ATP depletion becomes progressively less efficient as body mass increases in healthy controls and is severely impaired in patients with obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Knockdown of STAT3 Expression by RNA Interference Inhibits the Induction of Breast Tumors in Immunocompetent Mice
Authors: Xiaoyang Ling, Ralph B. Arlinghaus
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Constitutively activated STAT3 is involved in the formation of multiple types of tumors including breast cancer. We examined the effects of Stat3 protein knockdown by RNA interference using a dicistronic lentivirus small hairpin (shRNA) delivery system on the growth of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice induced by the 4T1 cell line. A single exposure of 4T1 cells to shRNA/STAT3 lentivirus transduced 75% of the cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) within 96 hours. In cells selected for GFP expression, neither Stat3 protein nor phosphotyrosine Stat3 was detected. Tumor formation induced by injecting 4T1 cells into the mammary fat pad was blocked by expression of the shRNA for STAT3 whereas all mice injected with 4T1 cells expressing only GFP efficiently formed tumors. c-Myc expression was reduced 75% in cells expressing greatly reduced levels of Stat3 compared with the GFP control. Of interest, the level of activated Src, which is known to activate Stat3, was virtually eliminated but the level of the Src protein itself remained the same. Importantly, expression of Twist protein, a metastatic regulator, was eliminated in STAT3 knockdown cells. Invasion activity of STAT3 knockdown cells was strongly inhibited. However, the proliferation rate of cells in Stat3 knockdown cells was similar to that of the GFP control; the cell cycle was also not affected. We conclude from these studies that activated Stat3 protein plays a critical role in the induction of breast tumors induced by 4T1 cells by enhancing the expression of several important genes including c-Myc and the metastatic regulator Twist. These studies suggest that stable expression of small interfering RNA for STAT3 has potential as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
The Role of Phosphate in the Action of Vitamin D on the Intestine
Authors: Stanley J. Birge, Ruth Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The response of chick intestine to vitamin D and its metabolites was studied in an organ culture preparation of chick ileum explants. Both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) at a concentration of 20 ng/ml or greater and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] at a concentration of 50 pg/ml or greater stimulated the rate of accumulation of [32P]phosphate and 45Ca by the explants and the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The accumulation of [32P]phosphate by the explants was against a concentration gradient and inhibited by ouabain and dinitrophenol. Two saturable mechanisms appeared to mediate the cellular accumulation of phosphate with Ka of 0.0047 and 0.125 mM, respectively. The Vmax of the lower affinity transport mechanism was accelerated by 1,25-(OH)2D3. Actinomycin D (5.0 μg/ml) did not block the intestinal response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulation of both [32p]phosphate and 45Ca accumulation. Significant stimulation of [32P]phosphate accumulation was observed 30 min after the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3, preceding the sterol-induced increase in the rate of 45Ca uptake by 30 min and the sterol-induced increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 150 min. Increasing extracellular phosphate concentration to 3.0 mM increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and the rate of 45Ca uptake by the explants. Reducing extracellular phosphate concentration to 0.05 mM attenuated the response of the explants to 1,25-(OH)2D3. From these observations it is postulated that the primary action of vitamin D sterols in the intestine is to enhance the ability of the mucosal cell to accumulate phosphate. The data suggest that restoration of intracellular phosphate levels may then permit expression of the cells' response to vitamin D sterols.