tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of fluorocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and inosine on the cardiopulmonary system
Authors: Domingo M. Aviado
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The effects of fluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents on the cardiopulmonary system are reviewed. The new information, not hitherto reported, relates to the antagonistic action of inosine, a naturally occurring nucleoside formed in the body by deamination of adenosine. The effect of inosine on methylene chloride toxicity was investigated in open chest dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Methylene chloride (5% in air or 50,000 ppm) elicited a decrease of ventricular contractility represented by the diminished left ventricular (dp/dt)(max) and myocardial contractile force measured directly with a Walton-Brodie strain gauge arch. Coronary blood flow decreased slightly after exposure to methylene chloride. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change. The negative inotropic effect of methylene chloride was reversed or prevented to a substantial extent by intravenous infusion of inosine (5 mg/kg-min). The effect of the latter compound was also characterized by significant coronary vasodilation. It was shown by the experiments that the cardiostimulatory action of inosine was associated with improved hypoxic adaptability of the coronary blood vessels. In contrast, the effect of catecholamines (epinephrine and isoproterenol) was not accompanied by such a beneficial coronary vascular effect. On the basis of these results, the conclusion has been arrived at that inosine might be recommended as a useful antidote in methylene chloride poisoning in particular, and of poisoning by chlorinated solvents and fluorocarbons in general.
Dermatologic Disorders in Black Children and Adolescents
Authors: Andrew E. Lorincz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The authors have produced a very usable dermatology volume that is directed primarily to beginning students of dermatology and pediatrics. This compact 98-page book provides easily readable, well-illustrated scholarly vignettes of some 30 pathological and physiological conditions that express themselves in young people with heavily pigmented skin. The few references provided are both current and pertinent.  The quality of the illustrations—62 black-and-white photographs and 16 color plates—is above average. Unfortunately this results in a fairly expensive cost for this small, but extremely helpful clinical text. The introductory chapters on anatomic basis, the melanocyte, and normal characteristics of black skin are probably the most helpful.  Any office practice, community, or teaching hospital clinic providing inpatient and outpatient primary care services for black children and adolescents would be well advised to have this book available with their most frequently used reference materials. It certainly could and should be a required reading for
MEASUREMENT OF THE INHERENT GROWTH ENERGY OF TISSUES
Authors: Alexis Carrel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. The residual growth energy of fibroblasts is expressed by the extent of their migration and multiplication in a non-nutrient medium. 2. The residual energy of fibroblasts is related to their inherent energy and the variations of the inherent energy can be ascertained by the measurement of the residual energy.
The Dominant Pacemaker of the Human Heart
Authors: JOHN W. LISTER, ABNER J. DELMAN, EMANUEL STEIN, RONALD GRUNWALD, GEORGE ROBINSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In 25 cases at open heart surgery, atrial and ventricular close bipolar electrograms, an atrial unipolar electrogram, and a lead-II electrocardiogram were simultaneously monitored throughout each procedure. In six cases the ventricles or atria, or both, were paced by electrical stimulation. Although atrial activity could frequently not be clearly delineated on the lead II electrocardiogram, the time relationship between atrial and ventricular depolarization could at all times be determined from the electrograms. During ventricular premature beats and ventricular rhythms, retrograde A-V conduction and retrograde activation of the atria were common, and unidirectional retrograde A-V block was infrequent. In spontaneous and induced cardiac arrhythmias the fastest pacemaker of the heart, atrial, His bundle, or ventricular, usually activated the entire heart.
Abstract 2463: Suppression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α by nuclear factor κB in hepatoma cells
Authors: Bei-Fang Ning, Xin Zhang, Wei-Fen Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: HCC predominantly arises from cirrhotic liver where there usually has been repeated wound-healing response upon chronic inflammation. However, the mechanistic link between hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. METHODS: Expression of HNF4α, RelA(p65) or microRNAs in human HCCs was determined by Real-time PCR, western blot or immunohistochemistry. 3′UTR reporter assay was conducted to determine the regulation of HNF4α by microRNAs. The recombinant adenoviruses carrying HNF4α gene were injected into diethylinitrosamine(DEN)-administrated Wistar rats through tail vein. Tissue microarray was utilized to assess the expression of HNF4α and RelA HCC tissues. RESULTS: Overexpression or interference of RelA remarkably decreased or increased HNF4α expression in hepatoma cells respectively, suggesting a negative regulation of HNF4α by NF-κB. Interestingly, ecotopic RelA expression dramatically reduced the activation of HNF4α-3′UTR indicating microRNA could be involved in the feedback regulation. MiR-21 was predicted to be regulated by NF-κB using Targetscan analysis, and overexpression of RelA evidently enhanced the miR-21 expression. Delivery of miR-21 mimic notably suppressed HNF4α-3′UTR activity and HNF4α expression. Moreover, treatment of miR-21 inhibitor increased HNF4α levels and attenuated the down-regulation of HNF4α by RelA. Consistently, downregulation of HNF4α and upregulation of RelA was detected during DEN-induced rat hepatocarcingenesis, negative correlation of HNF4α and RelA was also observed in human HCCs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings not only broaden the knowledge on hepatic inflammation and cancer initiation, but also indicates novel strategy in HCC prevention. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bei-Fang Ning, Xin Zhang, Wei-Fen Xie. Suppression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α by nuclear factor κB in hepatoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2463. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2463
Malformations of Central Nervous System and Softness of Local Water Supplies
Authors: C. R. Lowe, C. J. Roberts, S. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The mean annual prevalence at birth of congenital malformations of the central nervous system for the three years 1964-6 in 48 local authority areas in South Wales was negatively correlated (r = -0·402, P&lt;0·01) with estimates of the mean total hardness of the related water supplies. The mean annual perinatal mortality rate from anencephalus for the five years 1963-7 in 58 county boroughs in England and Wales was also negatively correlated with estimates of the mean total hardness (r = -0·220, P&gt;0·05) and calcium content (r = -0·289, P&lt;0·05) of the related water supplies. It is concluded that the relationship between these associations may well be secondary. Analytical epidemiological studies of the association are called for.
Mary Lasker and Her Prizes
Authors: J. Michael Bishop
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
No association between rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment
Authors: Elizabeth V Arkema, Nils Feltelius, Tomas Olsson, Johan Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

The aetiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood, and it is unclear if autoimmunity plays a role or if ALS is associated with inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There have been very few reports of patients with RA who develop ALS, and no epidemiological study examining the co-occurrence of the two diseases has been conducted.1–6 In December 2012, a cluster of ALS cases following treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) was reported using data from the European system for reporting suspected adverse drug reactions, the EudraVigilance database.7 We sought to estimate the ALS rate in RA exposed and unexposed to TNFi using a nationwide, prospective, population-based cohort study design.

We used Swedish national registers to identify patients with RA (National Patient Register inpatient care 1969–2011 and outpatient care 2001–2011 and the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register 1996–2011) and TNFi exposures (Swedish Biologics Register ARTIS 1999–2011). General population comparators were selected from the total population register matched on age, sex, county and date of the matched diagnosis of patients with RA …
Defective Motor Control of Coughing in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: GIOVANNI A. FONTANA, TITO PANTALEO, FEDERICO LAVORINI, FRANCESCO BENVENUTI, SALVATORE GANGEMI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The high incidence of serious chest infections in patients with Parkinson's disease is unexplained, but an impairment in cough reflex may have a role. Maximal voluntary cough (MVC) and reflex cough (RC) to inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water were analyzed in patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched control subjects by monitoring the integrated electromyographic activity (IEMG) of abdominal muscles. The peak amplitude of IEMG activity (IEMGP) was expressed as a fraction of the highest IEMGP value observed during MVC corrected to account for possible losses in abdominal muscle force due to reduced central muscle activation. Cough intensity was indexed in terms of both the IEMGP and the ratio of IEMGP to the duration of the expiratory ramp (Tec), i.e., the rate of rise of IEMG activity. Cough threshold was slightly higher in patients than in control subjects, but the difference failed to reach statistical significance. Compared with control subjects, patients displayed a lower IEMGP during maximal expiratory pressure maneuvers (Pe max), MVC, and RC (p always < 0.01); Tec during RC was longer (p < 0.01) than in controls. Consequently, the rate of rise of IEMG activity during cough was always lower in patients (p < 0.01), especially during RC. Finally, Pe max, and both the peak and rate of rise of IEMG activity during RC were inversely related to the level of clinical disability (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, rs = − 0.88, − 0.86, and − 0.85, respectively, p always < 0.01). The results indicate that the central neural mechanisms subserving the recruitment of motor units and/or the increase in their frequency of discharge during voluntary and, even more markedly, RC are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelin type A receptor antagonists prevent ventricular fibrosis in the hypertensive heart through different mechanisms
Authors: Junichi Yoshida, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Toshiaki Mano, Yasushi Sakata, Nagahiro Nishikawa, Masatsugu Hori, Tohur Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Stress Fractures of the Os Calcis
Authors: Roderick E. Darby
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE INCIDENCE of stress fractures of the os calcis has been previously reported as low. Records of the German Army Hospitals for the year 1935 through 1936 indicated that of 590 stress fractures only four were observed in the os calcis.<sup>1</sup>Carlson and Wertz<sup>2</sup>reported a series of 70 stress fractures of which 66 occurred in the metatarsal, three were noted in the femur, and one was observed in the calcaneus. Hullinger<sup>3</sup>presented 71 calcaneal stress fractures demonstrated in 53 patients; bilateral involvement was indicated in 18 patients (34%). Bilateral involvement was noted in 11 patients (35% ) reported by Winfield and Dennis<sup>4</sup>who observed 42 calcaneal stress fractures in 31 patients. Winfield and Dennis<sup>4</sup>and Hullinger<sup>3</sup>did not report the incidence of calcaneal stress fractures with respect to the total number of stress fractures involving all sites. <h3>Clinical Findings</h3> The patients in this series
Mentally abnormal prisoners on remand.
Authors: M. P. Weller, B. G. Weller, D. Badenoch
Journal: BMJ (1988)

in response to hormone deficiency and replace- ment.This is shown by our longitudinal data and those of others.3The menopause is the most important factor in determining bone loss at the femoral neck.4Like Dr Selby and colleagues we do not know whether minor effects seen in cortical bone in the forearm or metacarpal have any relevance to the femoral neck.Their misquotation of a study of osteoporotic women in which no significant effect of calcium on cortical area was found does not add weight to their argument.Nor does Dr Gillespie's misinterpreta- tion of our table II, where negative percentage change values represent bone loss.There are certain times during life when extra calcium intake is required physiologically.These include growth, pregnancy, and lactation; but not the postmenopause.
Pulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Prasanta Padhan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters5 January 2010Pulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated VasculitisPrasanta Padhan, MDPrasanta Padhan, MDFrom Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-1-201001050-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:de Groot and colleagues (1) reemphasize the advantages of pulse cyclophosphamide over daily oral cyclophosphamide in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitides, which is the mainstay of therapy for induction of remission. However, in developing countries, such as India, tuberculosis is common. In fact, it is sometimes hard to differentiate between active tuberculosis and ANCA-associated vasculitis (mainly Wegener granulomatosis) either clinically or histopathologically. In many cases, latent tuberculosis may coexist with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Oral daily cyclophosphamide therapy is easier to withdraw in the event that the patient has tuberculosis. Giving pulse cyclophosphamide may aggravate underlying tuberculosis, which can ...Reference1. de Groot K, Harper L, Jayne DR, Flores Suarez LF, Gregorini G, Gross WL, et al; EUVAS (European Vasculitis Study Group). Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:670-80. [PMID: 19451574] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Prasanta Padhan, MDAffiliations: From Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide for Induction of Remission in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody—Associated Vasculitis Kirsten de Groot , Lorraine Harper , David R.W. Jayne , Luis Felipe Flores Suarez , Gina Gregorini , Wolfgang L. Gross , Rashid Luqmani , Charles D. Pusey , Niels Rasmussen , Renato A. Sinico , Vladimir Tesar , Philippe Vanhille , Kerstin Westman , Caroline O.S. Savage , and Pulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Lee A. Hebert and Brad H. Rovin Pulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Stuart M. Levine Pulse Versus Daily Oral Cyclophosphamide in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Lorraine Harper , Kirsten de Groot , and Caroline O. Savage Metrics 5 January 2010Volume 152, Issue 1Page: 64KeywordsAntibody therapyConflicts of interestCyclophosphamideHeart rateVasculitisWegener granulomatosis ePublished: 5 January 2010 Issue Published: 5 January 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Diagnostic Index of Clinical Practice-Reply
Authors: Chester Cassel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Jessee points out the unusually good opportunity for ongoing self-education as a personal benefit from maintaining an index of practice. In item 7 of the "Uses of the Index" in the article, I indicated how one can identify areas needing study, correction, or strengthening. Implicit in the entire article is the theme of continuing education by critical analysis of one's own clinical experience. However, I appreciate his emphasis on this important application of such an index. By knowing the kinds of patients seen and the skills needed, the physician can design a continuing medical education program for his particular needs. This might be served best by attendance at particular rounds or outpatient clinics. It might lead to a specific study program rather than attendance at desultory courses not pertinent to his needs. I have found the profile valuable enough to keep it current for the enormous sense
Nutritional Folic Acid Deficiency with Megaloblastic Changes in the Small-Bowel Epithelium
Authors: Anthony Bianchi, David W. Chipman, Albert Dreskin, Norton S. Rosensweig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

MEGALOBLASTIC changes in the intestinal epithelium are uncommon. In a recent report, Foroozan and Trier1 documented megaloblastic changes in the jejunal epithelium of eight patients with pernicious anemia. Earlier studies by Winawer et al.2 failed to demonstrate any specific changes in the jejunal epithelium of patients with nutritional folic acid deficiency.Recently, we observed a malnourished alcoholic patient with severe nutritional folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic changes in the small-bowel mucosa. These changes disappeared after folate therapy.Case ReportR.J., a 52-year-old man, was admitted to Fitzsimons General Hospital with a history of long standing chronic alcoholism, several months of . . .
Reduced procedural risk for coronary catheter interventions in carriers of the coagulation factor VII-Gln353 gene
Authors: Przemyslaw M Mrozikiewicz, Ingolf Cascorbi, Sabine Ziemer, Michael Laule, Christian Meisel, Verena Stangl, Wolfgang Rutsch, Klaus Wernecke, Gert Baumann, Ivar Roots, Karl Stangl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
The Clinical Anesthesia Laboratory
Authors: Phillips L. Gausewitz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The article, Development of a Service Clinical Anesthesia Laboratory ( 201 :686, 1967) by William J. Murray, is of interest in emphasizing the wellknown value of having prompt laboratory service available for patients in surgery and in the recovery room.  We must question, however, both the desirability and the feasibility of having this done in a special laboratory that has been set up for this purpose only. In this day of concern for hospital costs, it is difficult to justify the duplication involved in setting up a separate laboratory for the purpose of providing a limited number of procedures on patients during the short time that they are in the surgery area. By working in cooperation with the pathology laboratory service, it has been proven that all of these services can be provided to the surgery patient as rapidly as Dr. Murray mentions. Advantages of this cooperative approach,
Influence of maternal age at delivery and birth order on risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood: prospective population based family study
Authors: P. J Bingley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the influence of parental age at delivery and birth order on subsequent risk of childhood diabetes. <b>Design:</b> Prospective population based family study. <b>Setting:</b> Area formerly administered by the Oxford Regional Health Authority. <b>Participants:</b> 1375 families in which one child or more had diabetes. Of 3221 offspring, 1431 had diabetes (median age at diagnosis 10.5 years, range 0.4-28.5) and 1790 remained non-diabetic at a median age of 16.1 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Disease free survival and hazard ratios for the development of type 1 diabetes in all offspring, assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression. <b>Results:</b> Maternal age at delivery was strongly related to risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring; risk increased by 25% (95% confidence interval 17% to 34%) for each five year band of maternal age, so that maternal age at delivery of 45 years or more was associated with a relative risk of 3.11 (2.07 to 4.66) compared with a maternal age of less than 20 years. Paternal age was also associated with a 9% (3% to 16%) increase for each five year increase in paternal age. The relative risk of diabetes, adjusted for parental age at delivery and sex of offspring, decreased with increasing birth order; the overall effect was a 15% risk reduction (10% to 21%) per child born. <b>Conclusions:</b> A strong association was found between increasing maternal age at delivery and risk of diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher birth order. The fetal environment seems to have a strong influence on risk of type 1 diabetes in the child. The increase in maternal age at delivery in the United Kingdom over the past two decades could partly account for the increase in incidence of childhood diabetes over this period.