tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgeons Try Immune Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Bonnie I. Chi-Lum
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IMMUNE THERAPY may hold promise for preventing metastasis in breast cancer patients, according to new animal studies. The treatment opens up the possibility of improving survival after primary breast tumors are excised, said H. Kim Lyerly, MD, clinical director of the Molecular Therapeutic Program at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. "It may also increase the utility of surgery for women with metastatic disease because it can prevent further metastases from forming," he added. Lyerly and his colleagues presented their findings in Chicago, Ill, at the annual Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons. The researchers surgically implanted breast cancer tumor cells onto the feet of mice. These cells developed into palpable breast tumors within 7 days of implantation. After 20 days, the researchers removed the tumors. The mice later developed lung metastases in a manner similar to the clinical course of women with breast cancer metastases. Because cytokine
Integrin αvβ3-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Anand Veeravagu, Zhaofei Liu, Gang Niu, Kai Chen, Bing Jia, Weibo Cai, Cunjing Jin, Andrew R. Hsu, Andrew J. Connolly, Victor Tse, Fan Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Abegrin is a monoclonal antibody to human integrin αVβ3, a cell adhesion molecule highly expressed on actively angiogenic endothelium and glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 90Y-Abegrin radioimmunotherapeutic agent in murine xenograft glioblastoma models with noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging modalities. Experimental Design: A s.c. U87MG human glioblastoma xenograft model was used to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistribution, dose response, and efficacy of 90Y-Abegrin. Antitumor efficacy was also characterized in an orthotopic U87MG and in a HT-29 colorectal cancer model, a low integrin-expressing carcinoma. Small-animal positron emission tomography imaging was used to correlate histologic findings of treatment efficacy. Results: MTD and dose response analysis revealed 200 μCi per mouse as appropriate treatment dose with hepatic clearance and no organ toxicity. 90Y-Abegrin–treated U87MG tumor mice showed partial regression of tumor volume, with increased tumor volumes in 90Y-IgG, Abegrin, and saline groups. 18F-FDG imaging revealed a reduction of cell proliferation and metabolic activity whereas 18F-FLT reflected decreased DNA synthesis in the 90Y-Abegrin group. Ki67 analysis showed reduced proliferative index and quantitative terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling–positive analysis revealed increased DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in 90Y-Abegrin animals. CD31 and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed increased vascular fragmentation and dysmorphic vessel structure in 90Y-Abegrin animals only. Orthotopic U87MG tumors treated with 90Y-Abegrin displayed reduced tumor volume. HT-29 tumors showed no significant difference among the various groups. Conclusion: Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-labeled Abegrin may prove promising in the treatment of highly vascular, invasive, and heterogeneous malignant brain tumors.
The Ear and Temporal Bone
Authors: Gregory J. Matz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This is an excellent textbook of otologic surgical techniques written originally in French in 1975 by the internationally known otologic surgeon Michel Portmann and translated into English by Anthony Richards of London. This book offers the student of otology, whether he be in the resident or postgraduate stage, an excellent atlas of otologic surgical techniques, some of which were pioneered by Dr Portmann. Illustrations are generally good, especially those related to meatoplasty, type 1 tympanoplasty, trauma to the ossicles, and exploration of the middle fossa and approach to the seventh nerve. This book includes an excellent chapter for the surgeon on coagulopathy and anesthesia. A major weakness in this book is lack of completeness in discussing indications for various surgical procedures. Also Dr Portmann has only minimally covered the various complications that are associated with surgery of the middle and inner ear. The indexing is poorly done, and the references
Transillumination of a Cystic Lymphatic Malformation
Authors: Hanspaul S. Makkar, Ilona J. Frieden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

four-week-old, full-term male infant presented with a mass at the base of his neck (Panel A). The growth of the lesion, evident since his birth after an uncomplicated pregnancy, had been commensurate with the growth of the infant. Physical examination revealed a soft, well-defined, nontender mass in the neck measuring 11 by 8 cm. No abnormality was noted in the overlying skin. Application of a light source to the mass revealed complete transillumination (Panel B), which is consistent with the diagnosis of a macrocystic lymphatic malformation. Macrocystic lymphatic malformations, also called cystic hygromas, occur most often at the base of the neck, in the axillary area, or along the side of the torso. They are almost always noted at birth and present as painless, well-circumscribed masses; the overlying skin appears normal. Transillumination is highly characteristic of this type of cystic malformation. Once the diagnosis is confirmed by radiographic studies, management options include sclerotherapy (which was used in this case) and surgical resection for cosmetic and functional problems.
Kallikreins and lupus nephritis
Authors: Claudio Ponticelli, Pier Luigi Meroni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The kidney kallikrein-kinin system plays important roles in inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, and regulation of vessel tone and permeability. In this issue of the JCI, Liu et al. provide data that suggest a protective role for kallikrein in animal models of anti-glomerular basement membrane(GBM) antibody-induced nephritis, an experimental model of Goodpasture disease (see the related article beginning on page 911). Furthermore, human systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis were shown to be associated with kallikrein 1 (KLK1) and the KLK3 promoter. The authors suggest that kallikrein genes are involved in the development of SLE and lupus nephritis and may exert a renoprotective role. It is possible, however, that the kallikrein-kinin system may play dual roles: protecting the kidney against ischemia and interstitial fibrosis while also mediating vasodilation, inflammation, and activation of the innate immune response.
1099-85 Invasive versus conservative treatment of patients with stable angina and first angiographic diagnosis of coronary artery disease in Germany: Results of the STAR registry
Authors: Anselm K Gitt, Rudolf Schiele, Harm Wienbergen, Christina Vogel, Tobias Heer, Martin G Gottwik, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Is childhood idiopathic atrophy of the nails due to lichen planus?
Authors: G.B. COLVER, R.P.R. DAWBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Is childhood idiopathic atrophy of the nails due to lichen planus? Get access G.B. COLVER, G.B. COLVER Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K. Dr G.B.Colver, Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. DAWBER R.P.R. DAWBER Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 709–712, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05905.x Published: 01 May 1987
The Treatment of Paraplegia from Gunshot or other Injuries of the Spinal Cord
Authors: A. W. Mayo-Robson
Journal: BMJ (1917)

T T cr 85 'Dzc.29, '19171 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOUuwfAr.5 vascular mechanism, which latter is also an important protective mechanism.The only favourable feature has been that tlle patient is apparently protected in some way from the absorption of toxic products.Whether this is due to the disturbance-of vascularity or to flavine rendering toxic products non-toxic has not been deter- mined.But the eniployment of flavine and other dyes as if they supplied royal roads to success nmust be regarded as retrQgrade steDs.However promising this line of inquiry may be for-the future, the introduction of freslh substances will only be justified after some such adequate comparative trial as we have done our best to carry out, lholdina no brief for any particular form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS.In the light of the foregoing facts -the following points Btand out clearly:The ffavine treatment of woiinds is associated witlh- 1.Small formation of pus. 2. Slow epithelial ingrowth.3. Delay in all the processes of repair.4. Lingering of organisms on flhe wound suirface.5. Some diminution in thle local and aeneral reaction to infection.In conclusion, we wish to aclknowledge our great in- dlebtedncss to Surgeon-General Sir George Makins, to whose foresight and influence the surgical observation lht owes its existence, and to Sir Artlhur Sloggett, Director- Greneral of Medical Services inl France, for according the necessary facilities for these investigations.as well as to the British Red Cross Society for provision for tlhem.WVe lhave also to acknowledge tlle willinaness with whliclh Colonel H. E. Cree, A.M S., assented to tlhe necessary arrangements being
Managing Parkinson's disease during surgery
Authors: K. Brennan, R. Genever
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> There are limited data on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes at a national level, and none after 60 days of follow up. The aim of this study was to describe national, 60-day all-cause mortality associated with COVID-19, and to identify risk factors associated with admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). <h3>Methods</h3> This was a retrospective cohort study including the first consecutive 5000 patients with COVID-19 in Qatar who completed 60 days of follow up by June 17, 2020. Outcomes included all-cause mortality at 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and risk factors for admission to ICU. <h3>Results</h3> Included patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 28 and April 17, 2020. The majority (4436, 88.7%) were males and the median age was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 28– 43]. By 60 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, 14 patients (0.28%) had died, 10 (0.2%) were still in hospital, and two (0.04%) were still in ICU. Fatal COVID-19 cases had a median age of 59.5 years (IQR 55.8–68), and were mostly males (13, 92.9%). All included pregnant women (26, 0.5%), children (131, 2.6%), and healthcare workers (135, 2.7%) were alive and not hospitalized at the end of follow up. A total of 1424 patients (28.5%) required hospitalization, out of which 108 (7.6%) were admitted to ICU. Most frequent co-morbidities in hospitalized adults were diabetes (23.2%), and hypertension (20.7%). Multivariable logistic regression showed that older age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.041, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.022–1.061 per year increase; P &lt;0.001], male sex (aOR 4.375, 95% CI 1.964–9.744; P &lt;0.001), diabetes (aOR 1.698, 95% CI 1.050–2.746; P 0.031), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.590, 95% CI 1.596–8.079, P 0.002), and higher BMI (aOR 1.067, 95% CI 1.027–1.108 per unit increase; P 0.001), were all independently associated with increased risk of ICU admission. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a relatively younger national cohort with a low co-morbidity burden, COVID-19 was associated with low all-cause mortality. Independent risk factors for ICU admission included older age, male sex, higher BMI, and co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
Biggest shake up in higher education for 35 years
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Sir Ron Dearing's report into the future of higher education has called for a radical overhaul of the structure and funding of the university system, including improvements in the quality of teaching, a massive expansion in the number of students (particularly among lower socioeconomic groups), and, more controversially, contributions by students towards tuition fees.

Sir Ron, chairman of the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education, said: “We see the future of the United Kingdom and the competitiveness of the UK economy as necessitating the creation of a learning society committed to learning throughout working life. This means our higher education has to be world class in terms of effectiveness, relevance, and quality.”

The 1700 page report, Higher Education in the Learning Society , calls for the historic boundaries between academic and vocational education to be broken down. It says that there should continue to be institutions of world renown, with other institutions supporting regional or local needs. Some institutions would be research oriented …
NON-SPECIFIC AORTOARTERITS PRESENTING AS ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE IN CHILDREN: IMMEDIATE AND SHORT-TERM OUTCOME OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL RENAL ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian, Sharath Kumar, Anita Saxena, Shyam S. Kothari, Sanjiv Sharma, Rajnish Juneja, Gurpreet Gulati, Priya J, Vinay K. Bahl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The mutational pattern of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system determined by whole-exome sequencing
Authors: I Vater, M Montesinos-Rongen, M Schlesner, A Haake, F Purschke, R Sprute, N Mettenmeyer, I Nazzal, I Nagel, J Gutwein, J Richter, I Buchhalter, R B Russell, O D Wiestler, R Eils, M Deckert, R Siebert
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Britain's Health Service
Authors: Ffrangcon Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE British National Health Service being now in its seventh year, the present is a fitting time to take stock of the position. It should first be said unequivocally that the Health Service is firmly, and so far as can be seen, permanently established in the national life. There is not the smallest doubt that to the individual patient it is of immense benefit. All classes, and particularly the middle class, are freed from all anxiety regarding the cost of any illness that may befall them. The voluntary hospitals have been saved from the bankruptcy that awaited them. They, together . . .
Medical Student Attitudes about Internal Medicine: A Study of U.S. Medical School Seniors in 1988
Authors: David Babbott, Gerald S. Levey, Sheila O. Weaver, Charles D. Killian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the attitudes of medical students toward careers in internal medicine. Design: Cross-sectional national survey of U.S. medical school seniors. Participants: The 10 379 respondents to the 1988 Medical Student Graduation Questionnaire from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Measurements and Main Results: Most men and women selecting internal medicine (n = 1931) as well as those switching from earlier preferences for internal medicine (n = 1606) made their final decisions about specialty during the third and fourth years of medical school. Almost 50% of students planning to be internists cited "intellectual content" as the most important factor in their choice of specialty. "Diagnostic challenge" was next most frequently cited. "Type of patient seen" and "role models" were more frequently cited as the most important factors in specialty choice for all other specialties than for internal medicine. Students who switched away from earlier preferences for general internal medicine cited the following most important factors in descending order of frequency: "too demanding of time and effort," "inconsistent with personality," "negative clerkship experiences," "don't like the type of patient," and "specialty chosen more fulfilling." The same five factors, in a different order of frequency, were given for switching from the subspecialties of internal medicine. Conclusions: Most medical students make their final choices about specialty during or after their clerkship year. Knowledge of these students' attitudes toward internal medicine could form the basis for the development of strategies to enhance the attractiveness of internal medicine among these students while they are making their final decisions about specialty.
Family Environment, Glycemic Control, and the Psychosocial Adaptation of Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Paula M Trief, William Grant, Katja Elbert, Ruth S Weinstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the family system variables of adults with diabetes relate to the adequacy of metabolic control or the psychosocial adaptation to the illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 150 insulin-requiring adults were assessed on a single occasion. They completed two family system measures (the Family Environment Scale [FES] and the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist [DFBC]), two quality-of-life measures (the Diabetes Quality of Life Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey-36), and one measure of cognitive appraisal (the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale). Glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c results. Demographic data (age, sex, diabetes type, duration of diabetes, and number of diabetes-related medical complications) were gathered from the patients' charts. RESULTS Concerning glycemic control, none of the family system measures were significant predictors of HbA1c. Older age and longer duration of diabetes predicted higher HbA1c values. For psychosocial adaptation, when family members behaved in ways that supported the diabetes care regimen (measured by the DFBC), the individual with diabetes was more satisfied with his or her adaptation to the illness and reported less interference in role function due to emotional problems. Family cohesion (measured by the FES) also related to better physical function. Women reported higher levels of diabetes satisfaction. The Appraisal of Diabetes Scale predicted glycemic control and psychosocial adaptation. CONCLUSIONS For insulin-treated adults with diabetes, family system variables do not relate to glycemic control, but they do relate to psychosocial adaptation. Future work should explore the impact of family-centered interventions on adaptation, sex differences in adaptation, and the use of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale as a first-line clinical screening tool.
Triadic bodily mimesis is the difference
Authors: Jordan Zlatev, Tomas Persson, Peter Gärdenfors
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We find that the nature and origin of the proposed “dialogical cognitive representations” in the target article is not sufficiently clear. Our proposal is that (triadic) bodily mimesis and in particular mimetic schemas – prelinguistic representational, intersubjective structures, emerging through imitation but subsequently interiorized – can provide the necessary link between private sensory-motor experience and public language. In particular, we argue that shared intentionality requires triadic mimesis.
Monitor puts censured hospital trust into administration
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust is insolvent and has been put into administration by the regulator Monitor, in the first use of powers given to it in 2009.

Hugo Mascie-Taylor, clinical adviser to the contingency planning team that investigated the trust for Monitor, and two insolvency practitioners, Alan Bloom and Alan Hudson of the consultancy firm Ernst and Young, have been appointed trust special administrators. Their brief is to decide, after consulting with local commissioners, which of the services currently provided by the trust, which runs Stafford and Cannock Hospitals, are needed locally and can be run sustainably.

The trust has struggled since a Healthcare Commission investigation sparked by high death rates uncovered a catalogue of “appalling” care …
The Status of Circumcision of Newborns
Authors: E J Schoen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

From the early 1940s until the mid-1970s, circumcision of newborn boys was accepted in the United States as a simple procedure that promoted hygiene and prevented genital disease. Educated middle-class parents almost always had their newborn sons circumcised. The opinion that circumcision prevented cancer of the penis and was associated with a lower incidence of cervical cancer in sexual partners was generally accepted. It helped prevent phimosis and associated local infection and resulted in genital cleanliness. These middle-class parents were willing to pay for the procedure (there were few insurance programs in the 1940s and 1950s). The infant sons of . . .
Managed Care and Medical Education
Authors: Robert Kuttner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

After a quarter century of relative plenty, academic medical centers find themselves in a serious financial squeeze that is beginning to compromise their triple mission of teaching, research, and clinical care. This squeeze reflects competitive pressures to reduce costs in a managed-care environment, intensified by Medicare cuts mandated in the 1997 Balanced Budget Act.1 Teaching hospitals are no longer able to bill at rates that reflect the extra costs of their academic role — traditionally representing a premium of about 30 percent.2 Most have sought to make up in patient volume what they have lost in income margins. This survival . . .
Senile Macular Degeneration: An Artist's View
Authors: Robert D. Sperduto
Journal: JAMA (1983)

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Disorders of Voluntary Muscle
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1965)

For many decades the area of voluntary-muscle function has been surprisingly neglected, despite the fact that this important tissue forms nearly half of the normal body weight. Recently, however, interest in both basic studies and clinical disorders of voluntary muscle has increased intensely. Dr. Walton's book reflects this increased interest and discusses the recent advances in the field. It contains reports by a number of investigators under the following major headings: anatomy and physiology of muscle; pathology of muscle; clinical problems in muscle disease; and electrodiagnosis. Within these broad divisions this text, although not encyclopedic in scope, offers an incisive review of current knowledge in the field of myology. Chapters include discussions of the ultrastructure of muscle, biochemistry, histochemistry, and tissue culture of both normal and diseased muscle tissue. Among the clinical states considered are the neuromuscular disorders associated with malignancies, the spinal muscular atrophies, and polyneuropathies. An excellent discussion