tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When Health Care Payers Have Market Power
Authors: Michael L. Ile
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality of life in patients with chronic urticaria is differentially impaired and determined by psychiatric comorbidity
Authors: P. Staubach, A. Eckhardt-Henn, M. Dechene, A. Vonend, M. Metz, M. Magerl, P. Breuer, M. Maurer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Chronic urticaria (CU), one of the most common skin disorders, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent bouts of weals and pruritus and associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL). Objectives To determine what aspects of life quality are affected and to characterize the factors that impact on QoL in CU patients. Subjects and methods This interdisciplinary interview/questionnaire-based study included 100 patients admitted to a University Hospital Dermatology Department for the identification of underlying causes of CU; 96 healthy subjects matched for age and sex were used as controls. QoL was assessed using Skindex-29, a validated instrument to measure the effects of skin disease on overall QoL (composite score) and three defined QoL aspects (emotions, symptoms, functioning). Results CU patients exhibited markedly reduced overall QoL compared with healthy control subjects. CU had distinct effects on the three QoL aspects assessed (functioning = emotions > symptoms). The age or sex of patients, the absence or presence of angio-oedemas, and the duration or cause of CU did not significantly influence QoL impairment. Interestingly, psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety, somatoform disorders) was associated with a more pronounced reduction of QoL compared with CU patients without a psychiatric diagnosis and the severity of psychiatric disease was found to correlate with QoL impairment. Conclusions Our data confirm that overall QoL is markedly reduced in CU patients. Social functioning and emotions were found to be the areas of QoL most affected in CU patients. Psychiatric comorbidity significantly increased QoL impairment, whereas QoL in CU patients was not significantly affected by age or sex, the absence or presence of angio-oedema, or the course or cause of CU.
Improving Health Care for the Poor
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ALTHOUGH the details of the Clinton Health Security Plan have yet to be debated and acted on by the Congress, it is reasonably certain that the country is on its way to providing coverage for essential health care services to all Americans. Accordingly, it may be both timely and helpful to report the findings of a study of the changing US health care delivery system seen through the mirror of the nation's four largest metropolitan areas—New York, NY, Chicago, Ill, Houston, Tex, and Los Angeles, Calif. The study was undertaken by the Eisenhower Center staff at Columbia University, New York, in the late 1980s in collaboration with three field associates with the support of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.<sup>1</sup>Our primary focus was the changing structures for delivering health care services to the poor, and we believe that the findings hold lessons for the nation as it seeks to
Heterozygous α<sub>1</sub>‐antichymotrypsin deficiency may be associated with cold urticaria
Authors: B. Lindmark, J. Wallengren
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Proteins of the serpin family (serine protease inhibitor) control key steps in the inflammatory, coagulation and complement systems. C 1 ‐inhibitor deficiency predisposes to hereditary angioneurotic oedema, and other serpins control proteolytic enzymes that may cause complement activation or the forming of oedema. We investigated whether deficiency of proteins of the serpin family may predispose to cold urticaria and therefore screened 7 male patients with severe cold urticaria for the presence of deficieney alleles of some of the members of the serpin antiprotease family. There were no findings of C 1 ‐inhibitor, α 1 ‐antitrypsin, α 2 ‐antiplasmin, antithrombin III, tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor or thyroxine binding protein deficiency. The prevalence of heterozygous α 1 ‐antichymotrypsin deficieney was significantly higher than expected (prevalence ratio 25.8 (95% confidence interval 6.0‐112), p&lt; 0.0001). This finding is in concert with previous studies that have shown lower mean levels of α 1 ‐antichymotrypsin among patients with cold urticaria and suggests that heterozygous deficiency of this antiprotease, which controls neutrophil eathepsin G and mast cell chymase may predispose to cold urticaria. The present series is, however, small and the results need confirmation in larger materials.
Amygdalin (Laetrile) Toxicity in Rodents
Authors: Janardan D. Khandekar
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I appreciate the comments made by Dr Stock (242:2287, 1979) concerning our article published inThe Journal(242:169, 1979). I am, of course, well aware of the detailed, painstaking studies performed by Dr Stock and his colleagues, and their work was cited in our article. I began the studies in 1977 in response to legalization of the use of amygdalin in the State of Illinois and newspaper accounts of the results of studies performed by Dr Sugiura of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Our experiments on the interactions between amygdalin and chemotherapeutic agents were terminated when results of Stock and his colleagues appeared in the literature. Our findings merely confirmed the results of other workers. Dr Stock suggests that, in our experiments, faulty intraperitoneal (IP) injections may have caused damage to the intestine by releasing the enzyme β-glucosidase from the bacteria flora, which quickly liberated cyanide from
Opiate Antagonists and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Alan I. Faden
Journal: JAMA (1984)

DURING the past decade, a large number of peptides have been found in the brain and spinal cord. These neuropeptides appear to act as transmitters or modulators and, in many cases, have been found to be colocalized in synaptic terminals with "classic" neurotransmitters. More specific physiological and pathophysiological roles for these substances have been suggested, ie, endogenous opioids (endorphins) in pain transmission and autonomic regulation. In 1978, J. W. Holaday and I proposed that endorphins were major factors contributing to the pathophysiology of shock and subsequently demonstrated that administration of opiate receptor antagonists, like naloxone hydrochloride, significantly improved physiological variables and survival in a variety of experimental shock models.<sup>1-3</sup>In 1981, we showed that large pharmacologic doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), possibly by acting as a "physiological" antagonist of endorphin systems, also significantly improved cardiovascular function and survival in experimental shock.<sup>4</sup>Since these initial reports, a large body of
How we should deal with John Doe
Authors: P. Desikan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

It was a tiny news item on the fifth page of a national daily in India. Not designed to make headlines, it could have been easily missed. It consisted of only three sentences and described a woman, Chanti Mallamma, who had petitioned a minister of state to trace her husband, Chanti Malliah, who had left for Saudi Arabia five years ago and had not been heard of since.

The story took me back to when I was working as a microbiologist at a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. One day I received samples for bacterial culture from a patient whose name, age, nationality, and history were not known—a regular “John Doe,” to use the US term to describe unidentified people. He was found unconscious on a road and brought to the hospital. Physical examination and investigations were not conclusive, and a diagnosis could …
A Tree of Life Based on Protein Domain Organizations
Authors: K. Fukami-Kobayashi, Y. Minezaki, Y. Tateno, K. Nishikawa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

It is desirable to estimate a tree of life, a species tree including all available species in the 3 superkingdoms, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota, using not a limited number of genes but full-scale genome information. Here, we report a new method for constructing a tree of life based on protein domain organizations, that is, sequential order of domains in a protein, of all proteins detected in a genome of an organism. The new method is free from the identification of orthologous gene sets and therefore does not require the burdensome and error-prone computation. By pairwise comparisons of the repertoires of protein domain organizations of 17 archaeal, 136 bacterial, and 14 eukaryotic organisms, we computed evolutionary distances among them and constructed a tree of life. Our tree shows monophyly in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota and then monophyly in each of eukaryotic kingdoms and in most bacterial phyla. In addition, the branching pattern of the bacterial phyla in our tree is consistent with the widely accepted bacterial taxonomy and is very close to other genome-based trees. A couple of inconsistent aspects between the traditional trees and the genome-based trees including ours, however, would perhaps urge to revise the conventional view, particularly on the phylogenetic positions of hyperthermophiles.
A complaint about drug company advertising
Authors: D. Carvel
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Several months ago, I and 17 999 other general practitioners received, with the morning mail, a package marked “URGENT.” Naturally my eye was drawn to this word, 5 cm long and 1.5 cm high, in red upper case letters. As a GP I receive numerous letters, messages, faxes, and emails every day. A few of them are trivial, most purely informative, and some crucially important. Without the luxury of a personal assistant, I have to determine the priority and importance of these messages myself. I took the apparent importance of this piece of correspondence at its word and opened the package, only to discover it was an unsolicited pharmaceutical advertisement for an expensive bisphosphonate. I was being urged to prescribe this new medicine for post-menopausal women to prevent bone loss and fractures. (By no means do I wish to undermine this particular patient group, and their need for bone protection, but I do not believe prescribing for them in this context is an “urgent” matter at 8 30 on …
Abstract 1804: Immuno-chemoradiotherapy for oral cancer: Augmentation of OK-432-induced anti-tumor immunity by tegafur and radiation
Authors: Masato Okamoto, Tomoyuki Tano, Kan Shin, Sato Mitsunobu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In the current study, we have evaluated the anti-cancer effect of OK-432 in combination with UFT, an oral preparation combining the 5-FU pro-drug tegafur and uracil in a 1:4 ratio, and radiation therapy (RT). RT+UFT+OK-432 therapy elicited better clinical response and longer survival time than only RT+UFT. Next, we conducted the in vitro study to examine the effect of 5-FU and X-ray irradiation in the OK-432-induced cytokines. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with OK-432, 5-FU or X-ray for 24 hr. OK-432 induced Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-18) as well as IL-10 and TGF-β. When PBMCs were stimulated by 5-FU and/or X-ray in combination with OK-432, production of IL-10 and TGF-β was significantly inhibited. Gene expression of negative regulators, SOCS-1 and -3, was augmented by OK-432, however, this was also inhibited by 5-FU and X-ray irradiation. OK-432-induced IL-10 and TGF-β, but not Th1-type cytokines, was significantly reduced by addition of antisense oligonucleotide for SOCS-1 or that for SOCS-3. Radiation and 5-FU induce Th1-dominant state by inhibiting the OK-432-induced production of IL-10 and TGF-β mediated by regulation of negative regulators, SOCS-1 and -3. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1804. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1804
Adenosine receptor involvement in a delayed phase of myocardial protection 24 hours after ischemic preconditioning.
Authors: G F Baxter, M S Marber, V C Patel, D M Yellon
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We previously reported a delayed phase of protection against infarction 24 hours after ischemic preconditioning in the rabbit. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that this "second window of protection," like the well-described early phase of protection in the rabbit, might be associated with adenosine receptor activation. METHODS AND RESULTS In the first series of experiments, we examined whether adenosine receptor blockade with 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline (SPT) during preconditioning could abolish the delayed protection against infarction 24 hours later. Open-chest rabbits were subjected to myocardial preconditioning (PC) with the four 5-minute coronary occlusions or they were sham operated on (SHAM). During these procedures, animals received either SPT (PC + SPT, n = 6; and SHAM + SPT, n = 6) or vehicle (PC + VEH, n = 12; and SHAM + VEH, n = 11). Twenty-four hours later, infarct development after a 30-minute coronary occlusion/120-minute reperfusion insult was assessed with triphenyltetrazolium staining. In vehicle-treated rabbits, the infarct-to-risk ratio (I/R) was reduced from 53.6 +/- 5.7% (SHAM + VEH) to 32.9 +/- 4.6% (PC + VEH) (P &lt; .05), clearly indicating a delayed phase of protection. Although I/R was not significantly different between SHAM + VEH (53.6 +/- 5.7%) and SHAM + SPT (61.7 +/- 5.4%), in PC + SPT the delayed protection was abolished (I/R = 56.8 +/- 3.8%). In the second series of experiments, we examined if pharmacological adenosine A1 receptor stimulation could evoke a delayed phase of protection. Conscious rabbits were pretreated with intravenous boluses of saline or the A1 receptor-selective agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), and infarct size in response to 30-minute ischemia/120-minute reperfusion was assessed 24 hours later. I/R was 54.5 +/- 2.7% in saline-pretreated controls (n = 12). Pretreatment with 25 micrograms/kg CCPA (n = 6), 50 micrograms/kg CCPA (n = 6), or 100 micrograms/kg CCPA (n = 6) resulted in I/R ratios of 37.1 +/- 4.2% (P &lt; .01), 37.7 +/- 2.2% (P &lt; .01), and 26.3 +/- 5.7% (P &lt; .01), respectively. In both series of experiments, there were no differences in systemic hemodynamics during the infarct protocol, assessed as rate-pressure product, between the different experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-four hours after repetitive brief coronary occlusions, susceptibility to infarction in rabbit myocardium is reduced, an effect that may have clinical relevance. Results of the present study suggest that this second window of protection following preconditioning may, like the early phase of protection, be initiated by an adenosine-related mechanism.
GP in Baby P case has conditions on his practice revoked
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The GP who failed to notice that the battered toddler Peter Connolly was being abused has been allowed to return to practice unconditionally after 2½ years’ suspension and 12 months working under stringent conditions.

Jerome Ikwueke saw Peter 14 times at his Tottenham, north London, practice between May 2006 and 26 July 2007, but missed signs of abuse, although he noted that on the last occasion the normally happy toddler was withdrawn and pulled away. Eight days later the child was dead.

The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS), which has taken over the role of General Medical Council …
Graded compression for preventing deep venous thrombosis.
Authors: C P Holford
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The physiological effects of static compression of the leg have recently been reinvestigated. Graded compression extending from the ankle to the upper thigh produces the maximum increase in velocity of femoral vein blood flow and the maximum decrease in clearance times of contrast media and radioisotopes from the deep veins of the calf. This type of compression may be easily produced by a specially designed elastic stocking. Graded compression was used in a controlled clinical trial of 98 patients undergoing major operations to assess its effect on isotopically diagnosed deep vein thrombosis. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 49% in the control group and 23% in the treated groups. No complications were caused by the stockings. Carefully designed and correctly applied static compression is a safe and effective method of reducing the incidence of deep vein thrombosis.
Haemophilia A home therapy in the United Kingdom 1975-6.
Authors: P Jones, M Fearns, C Forbes, J Stuart
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Data on home treatment for patients with haemophilia A (factor VIII deficient haemophilia) were compiled for 1975 and 1976 from questionnaires answered by directors of haemophilia centres throughout the United Kingdom. There were 48 haemophilia centres in 1975 and 71 in 1976. The number of patients on or in training for home treatment increased from 267 to 488 in the two years, and a further 241 haemophiliacs were considered suitable for home therapy by the end of 1976. Apart from a small (but increasing) number of haemophiliacs on prophylactic treatment, most patients were on low-dose (250-500 units) on-demand regimens, using a mean of 20 000 factor VIII units per patient per year in 1976. An estimated 55% of the blood product used for home therapy in the UK in 1976 was imported from commercial sources. Despite the fact that the numbers of patients on home treatment have increased, so that about 60% of the potential population were receiving or being considered for home treatment in 1976, inadequacies in the service still remain. In some centres follow-up is clearly inadequate; about 15% of patients still rely on cryoprecipitate; and too little money has been invested in making the NHS self-sufficient in factor VIII production.
EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS IN CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS SABAEUS (THE GREEN AFRICAN MONKEY) BY ORAL AND OTHER ROUTES
Authors: James D. Trask, John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

The green African monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, has been infected with experimental poliomyelitis after feeding artificially contaminated food. This species is also highly susceptible to intracerebral, intranasal, and intraabdominal inoculations. In one experiment with a human stool from a case of poliomyelitis, Cercopithecus was more susceptible to intranasal and to intraabdominal inoculation than Macaca mulatta.
Psychosocial Aspects of Disease
Authors: Z. J. LIPOWSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

An understanding of the psychosocial aspects of physical illness is one of the most important contributions that behavioral sciences can make to medicine. A conceptual framework for the clinical study of these aspects is presented. The determinants and the manifold components of psychological reactions to disease and disability are discussed. The determinants fall into four classes of variables: the personality of the patient and his life history, the state of the patient's current interpersonal relationships, characteristics of his non-human environment, and the nature and characteristics of the pathological process or injury. The resulting psychological reactions include three components: the intrapsychic, the behavioral, and the social. To understand how the patient experiences his illlness and copes with it one has to know what all aspects of his disease mean to him and what responses to his complaints he obtains from other persons, including health professionals. Psychosocial factors influence the course and outcome of every illness, and it is imperative that their evaluation should be a part of medical diagnosis and management.
Localization of 99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate in Skin Lesions of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
Authors: SHANTILAL LUNIA, ROBERT B. CHODOS, DANICA K. VEDDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Increased uptake of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) is demonstrated in a patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) at the affected site. PXE is a hereditary disease with variable expression. Calcification of dermal elastic fibers is a characteristic feature of affected skin. Recently, apatite crystals were identified in the affected skin of the patients with PXE. The mechanism of uptake of 99mTc-MDP is probably related to chemisorption of the tracer onto hydroxyapatite crystals in the affected dermis.
Myocardial Infarction: New Perspectives in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book is the outgrowth of a course that the American College of Cardiology offered on the subject, "New Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction," held in 1972. Doctors Corday and Swan, experts in the field of cardiology, have edited the 50 chapters authored by 59 cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. The book is divided into eight major sections consisting of pathophysiology, diagnosis, ischemic arrhythmias, prognosis, early coronary care, cardiogenic shock, therapeutics, and surgery. The multiauthored chapters have many of the strengths and weaknesses of a book created by compiling manuscripts from contributors to a course. Most of the chapters are well referenced with articles updated through 1972. The book summarizes some of the latest developments in myocardial infarction research with superb contributions and reviews on the hemodynamic profiles of acute coronary disease. Biochemical and mechanical instability associated with myocardial ischemia are well presented. The chapters on the