tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe osteogenesis imperfecta: new therapeutic options?
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Research in osteogenesis imperfecta (the brittle bone syndrome) has contributed exciting new chapters in bone biology, but little advance in treatment (International Conference on Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Montreal 1999).1 Specialised rehabilitation and timely appropriate surgery remain the therapeutic cornerstones. Calcitonin (to reduce bone resorption) and sodium fluoride (to increase formation) are ineffective. Two new approaches using the aminobisphosphonates and stromal cell transplantation now deserve our critical attention. 2 3

In osteogenesis imperfecta causal mutations in the genes for type I collagen explain the skeletal fragility, but the clinical range is wide and the relation between genotype and phenotype complex. Thus in type I osteogenesis imperfecta a non-functional allele for type I collagen halves collagen synthesis and causes mild bone disease. In contrast, in severe osteogenesis imperfecta—types II, III, and IV—mutations replace the essential helical glycine with larger amino acids; this wrecks collagen helix formation, produces unstable molecules, and dramatically reduces the amount of normal collagen. These changes may be lethal, as in type II osteogenesis imperfecta. Type …
Prognostic value of an increased in flourine-18 deoxyglucose uptake in patients with myocardial infarction: Comparision with stress thallium imaging
Authors: Nagara Tamaki, Masahide Kawamoto, Norio Takahashi, Yoshiharu Yonekura, Yasuhiro Magata, Ryuji Nohara, Hirofumi Kambara, Shigetake Sasayama, Kazuo Hirata, Toshihiko Ban, Junji Konishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Diagnosis of Biliary Diseases via a Naso-biliary Catheter
Authors: A. Ohashi, K. Sato, H. Seki, T. Kano, K. Tamada, S. Wada, S. Sugiyama, M. Ichiyama, T. Tomiyama, T. Nishizono, N. Ueno, T. Yamanaka, K. Kimura
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Nasobiliary double contrast radiography and nasobiliary cytological diagnosis via nasobiliary catheter were performed in 30 patients with biliary diseases to assess the diagnostic usefulness and limitations of the procedures. The results showed that the contour and fine mucosal pattern of the extrahepatic bile duct could be demonstrated adequately (88 %) by nasobiliary double contrast radiography. In contrast, the intrahepatic bile duct could not be fully demonstrated (56 %) by nasobiliary double contrast radiography because of its anatomical structure. On the other hand the fine reticular pattern of the mucosa was defined in each section of the gallbladder by nasobiliary double contrast radiography. This procedure is thus a valuable method for detection of mucosal lesions of the extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder, especially carcinoma. The cell collection rate was not as high (59 %) using conventional nasobiliary cytological diagnosis. Brush cytology via a nasobiliary catheter was shown to be a useful adjunct to other diagnostic procedures.
A Biochemical Study of Human Skin Collagen and the Relation between Intra- and Intermolecular Cross-Linking *
Authors: Paul Bornstein, Karl A. Piez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

1 The previously described 8-components (8, 11) are designated a,, for al-al and 8in for al-a2.The two al chains are assumed to be identical, since this fraction appears homogeneous.Direct evidence, however, is lacking on this point.
Virtual Autopsy as an Alternative to Traditional Medical Autopsy in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Dominic Wichmann, Frieder Obbelode, Hermann Vogel, Wilhelm Wolfgang Hoepker, Axel Nierhaus, Stephan Braune, Guido Sauter, Klaus Pueschel, Stefan Kluge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Autopsy is an important educational and quality-control tool in the intensive care unit (ICU), but rates of traditional medical autopsies have declined worldwide. "Virtual" autopsy involving only advanced radiographic techniques might provide an alternative approach to postmortem examinations. Objective: To assess the value of postmortem multidetector computed tomography as an alternative to medical autopsy. Design: Prospective cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01040520) Setting: 9 ICUs in a single academic medical center. Consent for both medical and virtual autopsies was sought from the families of all consecutive patients who died in the ICU between 1 January and 30 June 2010. Clinical records were reviewed to determine whether unsuspected autopsy findings would have altered care if known (major diagnosis) or would not have altered care (minor diagnosis). Results: Of 285 patients, 47 underwent both virtual and medical autopsy. Of 196 clinical diagnoses made before death, 173 (88%) were identified by virtual autopsy and 183 (93%) by medical autopsy. Fourteen new major and 88 new minor diagnoses were detected by any autopsy method. The main diagnoses missed by virtual autopsy were cardiovascular events (9 of 72) and cancer (12 of 30). In contrast, medical autopsy missed 13 traumatic fractures and 2 pneumothoraces. Among 115 additional patients in whom only virtual autopsy was performed, 11 new major diagnoses were made. Limitation: Virtual autopsy was performed in only 57% of patients (n = 162); among this group, consent for traditional medical autopsy was obtained for only one third. Conclusion: Virtual autopsy may be useful for identifying diagnoses that traditionally have been identified by medical autopsy. This may also hold true, at least in part, for the educational aspect of medical autopsy (confirming antemortem clinical diagnoses). Further studies are required to confirm these preliminary results. Primary Funding Source: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
Abstract 239: Capsaicin may reduce the metastatic burden in the transgenic adenocarcioma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model
Authors: Natalie A. Venier, Toshihiro Yamamoto, Linda Sugar, Neil Fleshner, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: A large body of evidence supports the role of dietary factors in prostate cancer development and progression. We are interested in investigating the chemopreventive potential of capsaicin, the active compound in chilli peppers that is traditionally used topically to treat various pain-related syndromes. Recently capsaicin has been demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic properties in vitro through a number of different mechanisms. In our study we aim to study the chemopreventive properties of capsaicin using the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, a murine model that closely resembles the progression of human disease. Methodology: Thirty-five six-week old TRAMP x C57Bk mice were randomized into two groups: control or capsaicin. Mice received either capsaicin (5 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle (saline) three times a week by oral gavage until the age of 30 weeks. Body weight was measured thrice weekly. All mice were sacrificed at 30 weeks. Body weight, genito-urinary (GU) weight, tumour burden were assessed. Prostate, seminal vesicles, lung, liver, esophagus, lymph nodes and pancreas were obtained for histological analysis. Serum was collected at the termination of the study for analysis of serum capsaicin concentration. Prostate tumours were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis using proliferative and mechanistic markers. All tumours were scored by an on-site pathologist according to the histopathic grading scale described by Hurwitz AA, et al. Results: Interim results revealed that higher percentage of high-grade cancer in control group (n = 18). The presence of PIN-like pre-cancerous lesions in only the treatment group and not the control group (n = 18). The capsaicin treated mice also demonstrated a reduced proportion of metastatic cancers compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in the GU wet weight between groups (n = 35). Immunohistochemical analysis of the prostate tumour is ongoing. Capsaicin was well tolerated, as there was no pathological liver or esophagus or gastrointestinal toxicities or difference in body weight between groups. Further results are currently under investigation. Conclusion: Interim results suggest that oral administration of capsaicin is well tolerated and may reduce the metastatic burden in the TRAMP model. Ongoing studies are currently underway to delineate the mechanism of action. Citation Format: Natalie A. Venier, Toshihiro Yamamoto, Linda Sugar, Neil Fleshner, Laurence Klotz, Vasundara Venkateswaran. Capsaicin may reduce the metastatic burden in the transgenic adenocarcioma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 239. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-239
The parathyroid hormone-related protein system and diabetic nephropathy outcome in streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: A. Izquierdo, P. López-Luna, A. Ortega, M. Romero, M.A. Gutiérrez-Tarrés, I. Arribas, M.J.R. Álvarez, P. Esbrit, R.J. Bosch
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Cellular source and molecular form of TNF specify its distinct functions in organization of secondary lymphoid organs
Authors: Alexei V. Tumanov, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Andrei A. Kruglov, Yuriy V. Shebzukhov, Ekaterina P. Koroleva, Yulan Piao, Chang-Yi Cui, Dmitry V. Kuprash, Sergei A. Nedospasov
Journal: Blood (2010)
Induction of vasospastic attacks despite digital nerve block in Raynaud's disease and phenomenon.
Authors: R R Freedman, M D Mayes, S C Sabharwal
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Using a combination of environmental and local cooling, we induced vasospastic attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon in nine of 11 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's disease and in eight of 10 patients with scleroderma. Attacks were defined as occurring if two of the possible three color changes (pallor, cyanosis, and rubor) occurred, and serial photographs were scored by three independent raters. Two fingers on one hand were anesthetized by local injection of lidocaine, and the effectiveness of nerve blocks was verified by plethysmography. The frequency of vasospastic attacks in nerve-blocked fingers was not significantly different from that in the corresponding intact fingers on the contralateral hand. These findings show that the vasospastic attacks of Raynaud's disease and phenomenon can occur without the involvement of efferent digital nerves and argue against the etiologic role of sympathetic hyperactivity.
Differential Transduction Following Basal Ganglia Administration of Distinct Pseudotyped AAV Capsid Serotypes in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Hemraj B Dodiya, Tomas Bjorklund, James Stansell III, Ronald J Mandel, Deniz Kirik, Jeffrey H Kordower
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

We examined the transduction efficiency of different adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid serotypes encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) flanked by AAV2 inverted terminal repeats in the nonhuman primate basal ganglia as a prelude to translational studies, as well as clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Six intact young adult cynomolgus monkeys received a single 10 µl injection of AAV2/1-GFP, AAV2/5-GFP, or AAV2/8-GFP pseudotyped vectors into the caudate nucleus and putamen bilaterally in a pattern that resulted in each capsid serotype being injected into at least four striatal sites. GFP immunohistochemistry revealed excellent transduction rates for each AAV pseudotype. Stereological estimates of GFP+ cells within the striatum revealed that AAV2/5-GFP transduces significantly higher number of cells than AAV2/8-GFP (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between AAV2/5-GFP and AAV2/1-GFP (P = 0.348). Consistent with this result, Cavalieri estimates revealed that AAV2/5-GFP resulted in a significantly larger transduction volume than AAV2/8-GFP (P < 0.05). Each pseudotype transduced striatal neurons effectively [>95% GFP+ cells colocalized neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN)]. The current data suggest that AAV2/5 and AAV2/1 are superior to AAV2/8 for gene delivery to the nonhuman primate striatum and therefore better candidates for therapeutic applications targeting this structure. We examined the transduction efficiency of different adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid serotypes encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) flanked by AAV2 inverted terminal repeats in the nonhuman primate basal ganglia as a prelude to translational studies, as well as clinical trials in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Six intact young adult cynomolgus monkeys received a single 10 µl injection of AAV2/1-GFP, AAV2/5-GFP, or AAV2/8-GFP pseudotyped vectors into the caudate nucleus and putamen bilaterally in a pattern that resulted in each capsid serotype being injected into at least four striatal sites. GFP immunohistochemistry revealed excellent transduction rates for each AAV pseudotype. Stereological estimates of GFP+ cells within the striatum revealed that AAV2/5-GFP transduces significantly higher number of cells than AAV2/8-GFP (P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between AAV2/5-GFP and AAV2/1-GFP (P = 0.348). Consistent with this result, Cavalieri estimates revealed that AAV2/5-GFP resulted in a significantly larger transduction volume than AAV2/8-GFP (P < 0.05). Each pseudotype transduced striatal neurons effectively [>95% GFP+ cells colocalized neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN)]. The current data suggest that AAV2/5 and AAV2/1 are superior to AAV2/8 for gene delivery to the nonhuman primate striatum and therefore better candidates for therapeutic applications targeting this structure.
European perioperative blockade guidelines must be changed immediately to safeguard patients
Authors: S. N. Bolsin, M. Colson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We were pleased to see that the European Society of Cardiology partially corrected its erroneous 2009 recommendations on perioperative β blockade.1 2 However, the Joint Task Force still included the widely discredited study of Mangano et al, even though its …
A Foxo/Notch pathway controls myogenic differentiation and fiber type specification
Authors: Tadahiro Kitamura, Yukari Ido Kitamura, Yasuhiro Funahashi, Carrie J. Shawber, Diego H. Castrillon, Ramya Kollipara, Ronald A. DePinho, Jan Kitajewski, Domenico Accili
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Forkhead box O (Foxo) transcription factors govern metabolism and cellular differentiation. Unlike Foxo-dependent metabolic pathways and target genes, the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate differentiation have not been explored. Activation of Notch signaling mimics the effects of Foxo gain of function on cellular differentiation. Using muscle differentiation as a model system, we show that Foxo physically and functionally interacts with Notch by promoting corepressor clearance from the Notch effector Csl, leading to activation of Notch target genes. Inhibition of myoblast differentiation by constitutively active Foxo1 is partly rescued by inhibition of Notch signaling while Foxo1 loss of function precludes Notch inhibition of myogenesis and increases myogenic determination gene (MyoD) expression. Accordingly, conditional Foxo1 ablation in skeletal muscle results in increased formation of MyoD-containing (fast-twitch) muscle fibers and altered fiber type distribution at the expense of myogenin-containing (slow-twitch) fibers. Notch/Foxo1 cooperation may integrate environmental cues through Notch with metabolic cues through Foxo1 to regulate progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation.
Regional risk factors for stomach cancer in the FRG.
Authors: H Boeing, R Frentzel-Beyme
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A multicentric, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany, by which means a low intake of dietary vitamin C (relative risk [RR] = 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-4.43 for lowest against highest quintile), noncentralized water supply (RR = 2.17, CI 1.14-4.13 against central water supply), refrigerator use for less than 25 years (RR = 1.33, CI 0.82-2.15 against more than 30 years), and the use of spruce for smoking meat at home (RR = 3.33, CI 1.56-7.12 against not smoking meat at home), were identified as factors potentially causally related to stomach cancer occurrence. The attributable risk for gastric carcinoma among the population (AR) was 37.5% for low vitamin C intake, 37.2% for noncentralized water supply, 10.6% for late refrigerator use, and 4.15% for use of spruce for smoking meat at home in this analysis. The overall ARp amounted to 68.3%. These personally linked factors also showed a strong regional distribution, in that the low-risk area had more favorable categories of exposure. Traditional nutritional habits around 1910 were recorded during a survey by ethnologists in 1965. This material was used to contrast those in high and low stomach cancer risk areas with the habits in the south of Germany in general. Vegetable use was most common in the low-risk area, whereas mashed potatoes, cabbage, and farinaceous dishes dominated in the high-risk area. Tomatoes were introduced several years later into the high-risk area, both in terms of consumption and cultivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Repair of a Damaged Accessory Hepatic Duct by Anastomosis with the Cystic Duct
Authors: H. Wapshaw
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ABmRsf was removed.About 15 oz, (425 ml.) of slightly blood- tinged fluid was evacuated from the peritoneal cavity.There were no secondary deposits.The pathological report on the ovarian tumour stated that it was a myxofibroma."The cell nuclei are small and angular, and in the myxomatous areas they are widely separated.The latter areas show irregular patches of haemorrhage.There is no sign of malignancy."The patient made a good recovery, and, as she was anxious to leave the hospital, 7 oz.(200 ml.) of pleural fluid (this time blood-stained) was evacuated from the right pleural cavity.Before she left hospital on May 19 the radiologist confirmed that the fluid in the chest was much reduced.She was seen again on June 5, when the radio- logist reported: " Lung fields clear now."Clinically she was symptomless and looked very well.On July 3 the radiological report was " Lung fields all clear."The patient, who had kept in good health, reported a gain in weight of 71 lb. (3.4 kg.) since she left hospital.The E.S.R. was now 8 mm.(Westergren).COMMENT The possibility of other conditions-for example, primary or secondary neoplasm in the lung or pulmonary tubercu- losis-coexisting with the ovarian myxofibroma was kept in mind.However, the failure of the pleural effusion to recur, the patient's gain in weight, coupled with her excellent clinical condition and the return of the E.S.R. to normal, appeared to rule these possibilities out of court, leaving the diagnosis of Meigs's syndrome undisputed.
Routes of Morphine Administration
Authors: MARK N. LOWENTHAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Routes of Morphine AdministrationMARK N. LOWENTHAL, M.D.MARK N. LOWENTHAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-736_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Campbell, Mason, and Weiler (1) have described successful pain control by means of continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine in a young man with a terminal malignancy. The patient was not described as being obtunded, as having difficulty swallowing, or as being nauseated or vomiting. The question therefore arises why a parenteral route of morphine administration was chosen instead of the oral route, which has proved highly effective, when correctly used, for the pain of terminal malignancy (2, 3)....References1. CAMPBELLMASONWEILER CJJ. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for the pain of terminal malignancy. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:51-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VERE D. Pharmacology of morphine drugs used in terminal care. In: Topics in Therapeutics. London: Pitman Medical Books; 1978;75-83. Google Scholar3. DRINKWATERTWYCROSS CR. Analgesia in terminal malignant disease. Br Med J 1979;1:1201-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. CAMPBELLMASONWEILER CJJ. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for the pain of terminal malignancy. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:51-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FORRESTBROWNBROWN WBC. Dextroamphetamine with morphine for the treatment of postoperative pain. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:712-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WAYADLER ET. The pharmacologic implications of the fate or morphine and its surrogates. Pharmacol Rev. 1960;12:383-446. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. LASAGNA L. The clinical evaluation of morphine and its substitutes as analgesics. Pharmacol Rev. 1964;16:47-63. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. DRINKWATERTWYCROSS CR. Analgesia in terminal malignant disease. Br Med J. 1979;1:1201-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. VERE D. Pharmacology of morphine drugs used in terminal care. In: Topics in Therapeutics. London: Pitman Medical Books; 1978:75-83. Google Scholar7. MISERMISERCLARK AJB. Continuous intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate for control of severe pain in children with terminal malignancy. J Pediatr. 1980;96:930-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. RUTTERMURPHYDUDLEY PFH. Morphine: controlled trial of different methods of administration for postoperative pain relief. Br Med J. 1980;1:12-3. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySustained-Release MorphineCYRIL BORODA 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 736-737KeywordsMorphineRoutes of administrationSwallowingVomiting Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Conservative Treatment in Placenta Accreta
Authors: Samuel P. Norman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE abnormal adherence of all or part of the placenta to the uterine wall, so-called placenta accreta, is a complication in obstetric practice that calls for accurate, rapid diagnosis, and perhaps emergency treatment. It is not a common finding; Irving and Hertig1 record the incidence at the Boston Lying-in Hospital to be 1 in 1956 deliveries. The survey by Phaneuf2 reveals a frequency of 1 placenta accreta in 14,622 deliveries. There is only one previous report of placenta accreta occurring in twin pregnancies.3 The dangers of hemorrhage and sepsis in adherent placentas have made immediate hysterectomy the accepted treatment. However, . . .