tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized Testing of Neurocognitive Function in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Compared to Those with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Cognitively Healthy Controls
Authors: Y. Osher, A. Dobron, R.H. Belmaker, Y. Bersudsky, T. Dwolatzky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; While neuropsychological impairment in bipolar disorder is well documented, the effect size of this impairment is rarely compared directly to that in other clinically familiar cognitive disorders. This study compares neuropsychological functioning of euthymic bipolar patients to those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as healthy controls. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Following evaluation during regular follow-up in a mood disorders clinic, 58 euthymic adult bipolar subjects were administered a validated and fully computerized cognitive assessment (Mindstreams; NeuroTrax Corp., N.Y., USA). Study data were compared to existing data for MCI and cognitively healthy individuals tested with the same assessment. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Final analyses were based on 51 bipolar patients, 162 MCI patients and 495 healthy comparison subjects. Significant (p &lt; 0.001) group effects were found for every parameter. Post hoc analysis revealed that the bipolar and MCI groups showed statistically equivalent functioning in memory, executive function, verbal function, and information processing speed. In the domains of visual-spatial processing, attention, and motor skills, the MCI group outperformed the bipolar group. In every domain, the healthy control group outperformed both the bipolar and the MCI groups. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The cognitive function of euthymic bipolar patients and those diagnosed with MCI was found to be similar in most but not all domains. Both groups performed significantly less well than the comparison group of healthy subjects. It may be helpful for clinicians to conceptualize the overall level of cognitive impairment in bipolar patients as similar to that in MCI.
Direct glucocorticoid inhibition of insulin secretion. An in vitro study of dexamethasone effects in mouse islets.
Authors: C Lambillotte, P Gilon, J C Henquin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The direct effects of glucocorticoids on pancreatic beta cell function were studied with normal mouse islets. Dexamethasone inhibited insulin secretion from cultured islets in a concentration-dependent manner: maximum of approximately 75% at 250 nM and IC50 at approximately 20 nM dexamethasone. This inhibition was of slow onset (0, 20, and 40% after 1, 2, and 3 h) and only slowly reversible. It was prevented by a blocker of nuclear glucocorticoid receptors, by pertussis toxin, by a phorbol ester, and by dibutyryl cAMP, but was unaffected by an increase in the fuel content of the culture medium. Dexamethasone treatment did not affect islet cAMP levels but slightly reduced inositol phosphate formation. After 18 h of culture with or without 1 microM dexamethasone, the islets were perifused and stimulated by a rise in the glucose concentration from 3 to 15 mM. Both phases of insulin secretion were similarly decreased in dexamethasone-treated islets as compared with control islets. This inhibition could not be ascribed to a lowering of insulin stores (higher in dexamethasone-treated islets), to an alteration of glucose metabolism (glucose oxidation and NAD(P)H changes were unaffected), or to a lesser rise of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in beta cells (only the frequency of the oscillations was modified). Dexamethasone also inhibited insulin secretion induced by arginine, tolbutamide, or high K+. In this case also the inhibition was observed despite a normal rise of cytoplasmic Ca2+. In conclusion, dexamethasone inhibits insulin secretion through a genomic action in beta cells that leads to a decrease in the efficacy of cytoplasmic Ca2+ on the exocytotic process.
Sclerodermalike Esophageal Disease in Children Breast-fed by Mothers With Silicone Breast Implants
Authors: Jeremiah J. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether breast-fed children of mothers with silicone implants are at increased risk for the development of sclerodermalike esophageal involvement compared with children not exposed to silicone implants. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Referral-based pediatric gastroenterology clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Eleven children (mean age, 6.0 years; range, 1.5 to 13 years; six boys and five girls) referred for abdominal pain who were born to mothers who had silicone breast implants (eight breast-fed children and three bottle-fed) were compared with 17 patients (mean age, 10.7 years; range, 2 to 18 years; 11 boys and six girls) with abdominal pain who were not exposed to silicone implants. <h3>Methods.</h3> —All children underwent esophageal manometry and upper intestinal endoscopy with esophageal biopsy and were tested for antinuclear antibody and autoantibodies to Scl-70, centromere, ribonucleoprotein, Sm, Ro, La, and phospholipid. <h3>Results.</h3> —Six of the eight breast-fed children from mothers with silicone implants had significantly abnormal esophageal motility with nearly absent peristalsis in the distal two thirds of the esophagus and decreased lower sphincter pressure. Upper esophageal pressures and motility were normal. Compared with controls, the breast-fed children had significantly decreased lower sphincter pressure and abnormal esophageal wave propagation. These manometric abnormalities were not seen in the three bottle-fed children. There was no difference in the expression of autoantibodies in the breast-fed children compared with the bottle-fed children or controls. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A relationship appears to exist between breast-feeding by mothers with silicone implants and abnormal esophageal motility. Studies evaluating larger numbers of children are needed to determine the extent of the risk. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:213-216)
Prevention of End-Stage Renal Disease Due to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thomas H. Hostetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The prevalence of end-stage renal disease is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2000, chronic kidney failure developed in over 90,000 people in the United States; the current population of patients on dialysis numbers about 300,000, and 80,000 patients are living with transplanted kidneys. Both the prevalence and the incidence of end-stage renal disease are approximately twice what they were 10 years ago.1 Indeed, in 2000, the number of patients with newly diagnosed renal failure exceeded the number who died of any single type of cancer except lung cancer. Nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes accounts for almost all of . . .
Vitamin D 3 supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ViDiCO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Adrian R Martineau, Wai Yee James, Richard L Hooper, Neil C Barnes, David A Jolliffe, Claire L Greiller, Kamrul Islam, David McLaughlin, Angshu Bhowmik, Peter M Timms, Raj K Rajakulasingam, Marion Rowe, Timothy R Venton, Aklak B Choudhury, David E Simcock, Mark Wilks, Amarjeet Degun, Zia Sadique, William R Monteiro, Christopher J Corrigan, Catherine M Hawrylowicz, Christopher J Griffiths
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)
Pneumopericardium after pneumonectomy and lobectomy.
Authors: P Brandenhoff, K Hoier-Madsen, E Struve-Christensen
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Pneumopericardium is a rare condition, most frequently reported in connection with prolonged artificial ventilation in infants with hyaline membrane disease.No reports of pneu- mopericardium after pulmonary surgery have been published.Two cases of pneumopericardium are reported, one of tension pneumopericardium after pneumonectomy and artificial ventilation and one that followed radical lobectomy and artificial ventilation.The radiographic findings included pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema and the patient who had had a pneumonectomy had severe symptoms of cardiac tamponade.Prolonged artificial ventilation in patients after pul- monary surgery and in the presence of an intrathoracic air leak may be a hazard.The importance of prompt surgical intervention in cases of tension pneumopericardium is underlined; the treatment of choice is thoracotomy with pericardiotomy.
Antiangiogenic Activity of the MDM2 Antagonist Nutlin-3
Authors: Paola Secchiero, Federica Corallini, Arianna Gonelli, Raffaella Dell’Eva, Marco Vitale, Silvano Capitani, Adriana Albini, Giorgio Zauli
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Nutlin-3, a nongenotoxic activator of the p53 pathway, dose-dependently (range 0.1 to 10 μmol/L) inhibited the formation of capillaries in an in vivo matrigel assay, as well as the formation of capillary-like structures in an in vitro coculture system composed of endothelial cells surrounded by fibroblasts. In contrast to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, nutlin-3 showed no induction of apoptosis in vitro either in the cocultures or in isolated vascular endothelial cells, even when used at the highest concentration (10 μmol/L). However, treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of the nuclear factor κB and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways sensitized endothelial cells to nutlin-3–induced apoptosis. Although nutlin-3 and doxorubicin induced a comparable p53 accumulation in endothelial cells, nutlin-3 was significantly more efficient than doxorubicin in upregulating the p53 target genes CDKN1A/p21, MDM2, and GDF-15, as well as in inhibiting cell cycle progression. However, the predominant in vitro effect of nutlin-3 was its strong antimigratory activity observed at concentrations significantly lower (0.1 μmol/L) than those required to inhibit endothelial cell cycle progression. Taken together, our data suggest that the antiangiogenic activity of nutlin-3 observed in vivo was mainly attributable to inhibition of endothelial cell migration, to some extent attributable to cell cycle arrest, and to a lesser extent attributable to induction of apoptosis.
Sex Differences in Access to Coronary Revascularization after Cardiac Catheterization: Importance of Detailed Clinical Data
Authors: William A. Ghali, Peter D. Faris, P. Diane Galbraith, Colleen M. Norris, Michael J. Curtis, L. Duncan Saunders, Vladimir Dzavik, L. Brent Mitchell, Merril L. Knudtson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Although some studies suggest that access to cardiac procedures may differ by sex, others have found no evidence of gender bias in cardiac care. Objective: To study rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in men and women after cardiac catheterization. Design: Cohort study with prospective data collection. Setting: Alberta, Canada. Patients: Persons undergoing cardiac catheterization between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1998 (n = 21 816). Measurements: The occurrence of revascularization procedures (PCI or CABG) in the year after cardiac catheterization was measured. Unadjusted revascularization rates, partially adjusted rates (adjusted for clinical variables available in most databases, including administrative databases), and fully adjusted rates (additionally adjusted for extent of coronary artery disease and ejection fraction) were also evaluated. Results: The unadjusted relative risk was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.71) for the end point of any revascularization in women relative to men. The relative risk increased to 0.69 (CI, 0.66 to 0.72) with partial adjustment and to 0.98 (CI, 0.94 to 1.03) with full adjustment, indicating equivalent access to revascularization for men and women. For PCI, the corresponding relative risks were 0.77 (CI, 0.73 to 0.82), 0.84 (CI, 0.80 to 0.89), and 1.02 (CI, 0.96 to 1.08). For CABG surgery, the relative risks were 0.54 (CI, 0.51 to 0.58), 0.51 (CI, 0.48 to 0.55), and 0.93 (CI, 0.87 to 1.01). Conclusions: In Alberta, Canada, clinical variables fully explain sex differences in rates of revascularization after cardiac catheterization, and misleading conclusions would arise without full adjustment for clinical differences between men and women. Extreme caution is needed in interpreting reports on access to care that use sparsely detailed clinical data sources. *For members of the APPROACH Steering Committee, see Appendix.
Case Studies in Medical Ethics
Authors: Melvin J. Krant
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In days gone by, the regulation of medical behavior was left to internal professional peer review. Those with similar ideas could judge best how medical matters were applied to those needing attention. The wisdom of such self-policing has been under considerable review in the past decade, as a somewhat new breed of individuals has emerged, mostly from the fields of philosophy and jurisprudence, whose roles appear to be those of examiners of conduct and teachers of the complexities, manners, and concepts inherent in the sphere of medical decision making. Robert Veatch is one of this new breed, and his latest treatise,<i>Case Studies in Medical Ethics</i>, is directed at helping the medical practitioner (as well as the medical policy-maker, educator, innovator, and participant) grasp the complexities of ethics and human values at a most elemental level. The case method has frequently been employed as a pedagogic tool for fastening abstract
Huge Calcified Pulmonary Arterial Aneurysm
Authors: Wen-Shiann Wu
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A 71-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exer- tion for one year.On auscultation, a grade 3/6 systolic murmur was heard at the upper sternal border.Chest radiographs (Figure 1, A andB) revealed a huge calcified lesion in the left lung field (arrows).Chest computerized tomographic scan image (Figure 2) showed a huge saccular aneurysm (5ϫ6ϫ12 cm) of the main pulmonary trunk with calcified wall (arrow).The patient's condition is stable after one and a half years of medical therapy.
Effects of Trp64Arg Mutation in the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene on Weight Loss, Body Fat Distribution, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Naoki Sakane, Toshihide Yoshida, Tsunekazu Umekawa, Akinori Kogure, Yasuto Takakura, Motoharu Kondo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured body weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), adjusted resting metabolic rate, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (fasting glucose × fasting insulin/22.5), and HbA1c levels before and after 12 weeks of obesity treatment in 61 obese women with type 2 diabetes. The Mval polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Of obese type 2 diabetic patients, those with the mutation (n = 24) had a higher WHR (P &amp;lt; 0.001), a lower adjusted metabolic rate, and higher blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and HbA1c levels (P = 0.016). Furthermore, patients with the mutation had smaller decreases in body weight, WHR, insulin resistance index, and HbA1c levels after the weight-loss program compared with patients without the mutation (n = 37), even though food intake, exercise, and serum thyroid hormone levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These present findings show that the Trp64Arg allele of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene may predict difficulty in losing body weight, lowering WHR, and improving glycemic control and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
A family of hereditary stomatocytosis associated with normal level of Na<sup>+</sup>‐K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase activity of red blood cells
Authors: Shigeaki Mutoh, Ryuhei Sasaki, Fumimaro Takaku, Masako Aoyama, Shinichi Moriyama, Masahiro Yoshimoto, Yoshihito Yawata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A rare familial case of hereditary stomatocytosis with hemolytic anemia, increased auto‐hemolysis, increased osmotic fragility, and shortened erythrocyte survival is described. The erythrocytes were abnormally permeable to sodium and potassium. In addition, “Na‐K pump” rate of the red blood cells was increased, while Na + ‐K − ‐ATPase, Mg 2+ ‐ATPase and Mg 2+ ‐Ca 2+ ‐ATPase activities were within normal limits. Splenectomy induced marked improvement of anemia.
464 CHRONIC RENAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS AND A NEW PREDICTIVE SCORE
Authors: F. Gentili, M. Giusto, I. Loria, S. Ginanni Corradini, A. Molinaro, A.F. Attili, G. Mennini, M. Rossi, M. Merli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
67Ga Lung Scan
Authors: Albert H. Niden
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Twenty-three patients patients with clinical signs of pulmonary embolic disease and lung infiltrates were studied to determine the value of gallium citrate Ga 67 lung scan in differentiating embolic from inflammatory lung disease. In 11 patients without angiographically proved embolism, only seven had corresponding ventilation-perfusion defects compatible with inflammatory disease. In seven of these 11 patients, the gallium 67 concentration indicated inflammatory disease. In the 12 patients with angiographically proved embolic disease, six had corresponding ventilation-perfusion defects compatible with inflammatory disease. None had an accumulation of 67Ga in the area of pulmonary infiltrate. Thus, ventilation-perfusion lung scans are of limited value when lung infiltrates are present. In contrast, the accumulation of 67Ga in the lung indicates an inflammatory process. Gallium imaging can help select those patients with lung infiltrates who need angiography.
Different expression patterns of mucin core proteins and cytokeratins during intrahepatic cholangiocarcinogenesis from biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct—an immunohistochemical study of 110 cases of hepatolithiasis
Authors: Yoh Zen, Motoko Sasaki, Takahiko Fujii, Tse-Ching Chen, Miin-Fu Chen, Ta-Sen Yeh, Yi-Yin Jan, Shiu-Feng Huang, Yuji Nimura, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Incidence of lentigo maligna in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970 to 2007
Authors: Sultan A. Mirzoyev, Richelle M. Knudson, Kurtis B. Reed, Jennifer L. Hou, Christine M. Lohse, Marcus L. Frohm, Jerry D. Brewer, Clark C. Otley, Randall K. Roenigk
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Regional flow patterns during the serotonin-induced cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex
Authors: F. URTHALER, T. N JAMES, G. R HAGEMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Small amounts of serotonin injected into the left atrium produce a hypertensive cardiogenic chemoreflex. The afferent pathway is through the vagus, while both the sympathetic and the vagus nerves participate in the efferent response. In 44 anaesthetised dogs, using flow probes, we studied the direction, extent and time sequence of the changes in aortic and regional blood flow during this hypertensive chemoreflex. After serotonin mean aortic pressure rose from 14.1 to 25.9 kPa. Coinciding with the early phase of hypertension, mean cardiac output decreased from 1.95 to 1.60 litre·min−1 which resulted in a significant increase in calculated systemic resistance (+49%). After the transient initial decline there was a rapid increase in cardiac output that virtually doubled in the following 10 s. Three types of organ system dependent flow patterns are readily distinguishable. Whereas no reflex vasoconstriction is detectable in the coronary arteries, both the renal and the mesenteric vascular circuits undergo profound reduction in blood flow. At rest flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery averaged 30 cm3·min−1 and peak flow achieved during the reflex increased to 164 cm3·min−1. Control renal and mesenteric flow averaged 170 and 195 cm3·min−1 respectively. At the time of maximal reflex vasoconstriction flow was reduced to 20 and 15 cm3·min−1 respectively resulting in a 13 and 18 fold increase in calculated resistance. Between the extremes represented by the non-responding coronary circulation and marked response in renal and mesenteric circulations, an immediate but minor vasoconstriction was also observed in the regional circuits of the carotid and femoral arteries. The observed reflexly mediated adjustments of flow resemble the response patterns that characterise flight or fight reaction and may represent an important type of survival reflex.
Studying the use of base rates: Normal science or shifting paradigm?
Authors: Joachim Krueger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The underutilization of base rates is a consistent finding. The strong claim that base rates are ignored has been rejected and this needs no further emphasis. Following the path of “normal science,” research examines the conditions predicting changes in the degree of underutilization. A scientific revolution that might dethrone the heuristics and biases paradigm is not in sight.
AORTIC INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA: PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES OF PROGRESSION TO DISSECTION
Authors: Daniel Ignatiuk, Kevin Harris, Reed Pyeritz, Alan Braverman, Himanshu Patel, Stuart Hutchison, P. Gabriel Steg, Emil Missov, Hersh Maniar, Ashish Chaddha, Daniel Montgomery, Christoph A. Nienaber, Eric Isselbacher, Kim Eagle, Arturo Evangelista
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Audibility of the Fourth Heart Sound
Authors: Eulogio H. Rectra
Journal: JAMA (1972)

An auscultatory search for a fourth heart sound (S 4 ) was performed by two independent blind auscultators who did not know the medical status of 196 consecutively examined subjects, ages 50 to 80 years. Phonocardiograms (PCGs) and other tracings taken after recording the results were measured by a third observer who was also blind. Results of this investigation indicate that any tendency for rapid completion of atrial excitation and early onset of S 4 appears to determine the auscultatory audibility of the fourth heart sound. Conversely, a tendency to later completion of atrial excitation and a later onset of S 4 will make it auscultatorily inaudible, although recordable even at considerable amplitude by PCG. The relative amplitude and frequency of S 4 were not significantly related to its audibility. The presence or absence of disease was not significantly related to the presence or absence of S 4 by PCG or to its audibility when present.
Points from Letters: Patients and Driving
Authors: K. E. Jolles
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Mileage for Consultants SIR,-In your footnote to the letter from Dr. M. C. C. Bird (11 May, p. 336) you quote the Secretary as saying that the mileage allowances in the N.H.S. have been increased three times since last December.Readers may like to know what these princely increases were.The allowance was first increasod from 5 5p to 5 6p and then to 5-7p; and