tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Disease in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: L. E. MALLETTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Neuromuscular function was evaluated in six patients with osteomalacia or secondary hyperparathyroidism, or both, as demonstrated by bone biopsy showing osteomalacia or increased immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or both. Each patient had weakness, atrophy, and fatigability of proximal muscles, especially of the lower extremities. Most also showed involuntary fine movements of the tongue, hyperactive tendon reflexes with abnormal spread, and decreased vibration sensation, abnormalities similar to those observed in primary hyperparathyroidism. Every patient studied had evidence of neuropathic muscle disease, either on electromyography or muscle biopsy studied histochemically or both. Muscle biopsies showed no definite myopathic features. Treatment of the osteomalacia improved muscle strength. Patients with osteomalacia therefore have a treatable neuromuscular disease that is neuropathic in nature and resembles closely that found in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Dangerous, ignorant, presuming fools
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The wickedness, to say nothing of the incompetence, of doctors has long been the subject of monographs, memoirs, and anthologies. The medical murderer is a figure of perpetual fascination and horror, and many studies, of individual cases and of the type in general, have been published.

One of the first of the compendiums of doctors’ brushes with the law, still in print 80 years after it was first published, is Leonard B Parry’s Some Famous Medical Trials . Mr Parry was consulting surgeon to Brighton’s Hospital for Sick Children, the Hove Cripples’ Guild, and Barnardo’s Hospital for Blind Boys (and a staunch member of his local branch of the BMA); he was also the author …
Alteration of Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Severe Pneumonia
Authors: REINHOLD SCHMIDT, UTE MEIER, MARIFE YABUT-PEREZ, DIETER WALMRATH, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER, WERNER SEEGER, ANDREAS GÜNTHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Impairment of alveolar surfactant function has been documented in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and in severe pneumonia (PNEU); however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. In the current report we present a detailed analysis of fatty acid (FA) profiles of different surfactant phospholipid (PL) classes isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and large surfactant aggregates (LSA) from mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS (n = 8), ARDS associated with lung infection (ARDS + PNEU, n = 9), and PNEU (n = 22). Healthy volunteers served as control subjects (n = 8). PLs were isolated by thin-layer chromatography, and the FA profile of each PL class was assessed by gas chromatography. In addition, the minimal surface tension ( γ min) of untreated LSA and of LSA after supplementation with additional dipalmitoylated phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was analyzed (pulsating bubble surfactometer). As compared with control LSA, the percentage of palmitic acid in phosphatidylcholine (PC) was significantly decreased in all patient groups (ARDS 63.0 ± 2.0%, ARDS + PNEU 64.6 ± 4.9%, PNEU 65.6 ± 1.5%, control subjects 80.1 ± 1.7%), whereas the relative amount of unsaturated species in PC increased significantly in all groups. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) presented similar FA profiles in control subjects, but differed in the patients. The FA pattern of sphingomyelin (SPH) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) displayed only minor changes under conditions of respiratory failure. As compared with control subjects a highly significant increase of γ min from near zero to approximately 16 mN/m was observed in all patients and was found to be inversely correlated to the percentage of palmitic acid in PC of LSA or BALF. Accordingly, values for γ min were significantly improved upon secondary supplementation of LSA with DPPC up to control values. We conclude that marked changes in the FA composition of the predominant surfactant PL classes occur, both in ARDS triggered by nonpulmonary events and PNEU. The marked reduction of palmitic acid in the PC fraction may be related to changes in surfactant function under these conditions.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes and Selected Related Conditions of Six Reservations in Montana and Wyoming
Authors: Kelly Acton, Barbara Rogers, Gregory Campbell, Charlene Johnson, Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To describe the prevalence of diabetes and related complications in Plains Indians. Research Design and Methods— The medical records of individuals with diagnosed diabetes seen in IHS facilities before 1 January 1987 were reviewed. Records were obtained from primary care clinics and hospitals accessible to the following six reservation communities in Montana and Wyoming: Blackfeet, Crow, Fort Belknap, Fort Peck, Northern Cheyenne, and Wind River. Medical records were reviewed to ascertain accuracy of diagnosis and associated complications. Results— Age-adjusted prevalence rate of diagnosed diabetes was 119/1000 adults ≥15 yr of age. Conclusions— Diabetes rates in Plains Indians are higher than rates described for the general U.S. population.
Renal Tubular Acidosis Associated with Toluene “Sniffing”
Authors: Sadi M. Taher, Robert J. Anderson, Robert McCartney, Mordecai M. Popovtzer, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Sniffing of toluene-containing substances, such as paint, paint thinners and glue, has been thought to be associated primarily with neurologic complications. In our study causality is documented between toluene sniffing and a severe renal tubular acidification defect. Toluene was an ingredient (60.4 per cent) of the paint sniffed by one patient, and pure toluene was sniffed by the other. Both had toluene in the blood. The tubular defect was documented by the presence of metabolic acidosis (pH, 7.2 to 7.3) with a normal anion gap, hyperchloremia (level of 118 to 120 mEq per liter) and an inappropriately high urinary pH (>6.0). There was no evidence of azotemia, or of excessive excretion of bicarbonate, phosphate, amino acids or glucose in the urine. Complete recovery, followed by recurrence of the tubular defect, was demonstrated on several occasions during avoidance and use of toluene sniffing. A life-threatening complication of toluene sniffing may be the induction of a renal tubular acidi...
Development of a Speech-Based Dialogue System for Report Dictation and Machine Control in the Endoscopic Laboratory
Authors: B. Molnar, J. Gergely, G. Toth, L. Pronai, T. Zagoni, K. Papik, Z. Tulassay
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Reporting and machine control based on speech technology can enhance work efficiency in the gastrointestinal endoscopy laboratory.The status and activation of endoscopy laboratory equipment were described as a multivariate parameter and function system. Speech recognition, text evaluation and action definition engines were installed. Special programs were developed for the grammatical analysis of command sentences, and a rule-based expert system for the definition of machine answers. A speech backup engine provides feedback to the user. Techniques were applied based on the "Hidden Markov" model of discrete word, user-independent speech recognition and on phoneme-based speech synthesis. Speech samples were collected from three male low-tone investigators.The dictation module and machine control modules were incorporated in a personal computer (PC) simulation program. Altogether 100 unidentified patient records were analyzed. The sentences were grouped according to keywords, which indicate the main topics of a gastrointestinal endoscopy report. They were: "endoscope", "esophagus", "cardia", "fundus", "corpus", "antrum", "pylorus", "bulbus", and "postbulbar section", in addition to the major pathological findings: "erosion", "ulceration", and "malignancy". "Biopsy" and "diagnosis" were also included. We implemented wireless speech communication control commands for equipment including an endoscopy unit, video, monitor, printer, and PC. The recognition rate was 95%.Speech technology may soon become an integrated part of our daily routine in the endoscopy laboratory. A central speech and laboratory computer could be the most efficient alternative to having separate speech recognition units in all items of equipment.
Hepatotoxicity in Cholangiography
Authors: David O. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to the report of a hepatotoxic reaction (228:1420, 1974), we recently presented at the annual meeting of the Radiologic Society of North America the results of a comparison study of differing dosage regimens in intravenous cholangiography. One interesting finding was elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level after cholangiography. Of 149 patients who received the single dose recommended by the manufacturer, 13 (8.7%) developed an elevated SGOT level. Of 126 patients who received the double dose advocated recently in the literature,<sup>1-3</sup>23 (18.3%) developed abnormal SGOT levels after cholangiography. A 77% incidence in elevated SGOT levels is mentioned in the German literature when a double dose of a mixture of ioglycamate meglumine and ioglycamate sodium (Bilivistan) was used for cholangiography.<sup>4</sup>Other German authors have also noted elevations of SGOT values when doses of this mixture or iodipamide meglumine injection (Biligrafin) larger
Biopsychosocial care for chronic back pain
Authors: R. A. Deyo
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Supporting evidence looks promising but far from complete

Chronic back pain is a leading cause of disability that has a major impact on patients, doctors, healthcare systems, and workplaces.1 Despite growing use in some countries of spinal imaging, opioid analgesics, spinal injections, and spinal fusion surgery, disability from back pain has increased.2

Chronic low back pain is increasingly recognized as often being more than simply an anatomical or physiological problem related to intervertebral discs, facet joints, sacroiliac joints, paravertebral muscles, or other spinal structures.3 Accordingly, multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs have evolved to tackle multiple facets of the condition, but their optimal design, effectiveness, and costs have remained uncertain. Uncertainties have in turn spurred an expanding clinical trial literature on these programs, and the linked paper by Kamper and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.h444) provides a new systematic review of the evidence on their effectiveness.4

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs acknowledge that although deranged anatomy or physiology contributes to back pain, psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and a tendency to catastrophize may amplify or prolong pain.5 Similarly, social factors such as demands of work, the work environment, or legal action related to back pain affect the nature of pain …
Abstract 1750: A phase 3 trial of weekly farletuzumab combined with carboplatin and taxane in subjects with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in first relapse
Authors: Susan C. Weil, Michele Jenkins, Kimberly Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies in North America. Despite advances in treatment, only 15%-30% of patients survive long term, underscoring the need for more effective regimens. Folate receptor ≤ (FRα) is highly expressed on all epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells but largely absent from normal tissue. This study examines the efficacy and safety of farletuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds FRα, when combined with standard chemotherapy, in platinum-sensitive subjects with ovarian cancer after first relapse. Methods: This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial is ongoing at 375 sites globally. Eligible subjects are β18 years of age, with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-mucinous EOC, including primary peritoneal and fallopian tube malignancies. Subjects must have undergone debulking surgery and achieved an objective response lasting 6-24 months following first-line platinum and taxane chemotherapy, followed by relapse confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Approximately 1080 subjects will be randomized to receive weekly intravenous farletuzumab (1.25 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg) or placebo, plus standard carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] 5-6) and taxane (paclitaxel at 175 mg/m2 or docetaxel at 75 mg/m2) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Maintenance treatment follows, with weekly single-agent farletuzumab or placebo administered until disease progression. The primary end point is progression-free survival (PFS) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Secondary outcomes are overall survival, CA-125-defined PFS (based on Rustin criteria) and serologic response, best objective response and time to response, duration of first vs current remission (by RECIST), subject-reported quality of life, and resource utilization (hospitalizations, unscheduled office visits, and admissions to hospice or nursing home). Molecular markers are being sought that may be predictive of response to farletuzumab. Pharmacokinetic analysis is performed to assess interactions between agents. Safety will be evaluated by review of physical assessments, laboratory data, and adverse events; review is overseen by an independent data monitoring committee. As of November 7, 2011, 957 (of 1080 planned) subjects have enrolled in the study. The last subject will likely be enrolled by March 2012. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1750. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1750
Mesenchymal stem cells that produce neurotrophic factors reduce ischemic damage in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model
Authors: Kazuhiko Kurozumi, Kiminori Nakamura, Takashi Tamiya, Yutaka Kawano, Keiji Ishii, Masayoshi Kobune, Sachie Hirai, Hiroaki Uchida, Katsunori Sasaki, Yoshinori Ito, Kazunori Kato, Osamu Honmou, Kiyohiro Houkin, Isao Date, Hirofumi Hamada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were reported to ameliorate functional deficits after stroke in rats, with some of this improvement possibly resulting from the action of cytokines secreted by these cells. To enhance such cytokine effects, we previously transfected the telomerized human MSC with the BDNF gene using a fiber-mutant adenovirus vector and reported that such treatment contributed to improved ischemic recovery in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. In the present study, we investigated whether other cytokines in addition to BDNF, i.e., GDNF, CNTF, or NT3, might have a similar or greater effect in this model. Rats that received MSC-BDNF (P < 0.05) or MSC-GDNF (P < 0.05) showed significantly more functional recovery as demonstrated by improved behavioral test results and reduced ischemic damage on MRI than did control rats 7 and 14 days following MCAO. On the other hand, rats that received MSC-CNTF or MSC-NT3 showed neither functional recovery nor ischemic damage reduction compared to control rats. Thus, MSC transfected with the BDNF or GDNF gene resulted in improved function and reduced ischemic damage in a rat model of MCAO. These data suggest that gene-modified cell therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of stroke.
Effects of dipyridamole-induced vasodilation on myocardial uptake and clearance kinetics of thallium-201.
Authors: G A Beller, H H Holzgrefe, D D Watson
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Myocardial thallium-201 (201Tl) uptake and clearance after intravenous administration of dipyridamole (150 micrograms/kg) were determined in 12 open-chest anesthetized dogs with a partial coronary artery stenosis. 201Tl (1.5 mCi) was injected intravenously and myocardial biopsy specimens were obtained 10 min, 60 min, and 2 hr after injection. Serial changes in 201Tl activity in the normal zone and in the zone of partial stenosis were correlated with microsphere-determined regional blood flow and distal coronary pressure. Another nine dogs with equivalent stenosis not given dipyridamole before 201Tl served as controls. In the 12 dogs given dipyridamole, 201Tl activity at 10 min in the zone of stenosis was reduced to 42 +/- 5% of initial normal zone activity (p less than .001) and remained at 44 +/- 3% of initial normal zone activity at 2 hr. There was a good correlation (.81) between the percent reduction in myocardial 201Tl activity and the percent reduction of peak hyperemic flow as determined by measuring the percentage difference in peak coronary flow after a transient 10 sec occlusion under control and stenotic conditions. In contrast, 201Tl clearance was rapid in the normal zone, with 201Tl activity decreasing to 55 +/- 3% of initial normal zone activity by 2 hr. A redistribution pattern was produced because of the disparate clearance rates from hyperperfused and relatively hypoperfused myocardial regions. The relative 201Tl defect decreased from 58% to 11% from 10 min to 2 hr. In the normal zone dipyridamole increased epicardial flow from 1.03 +/- 0.09 (SEM) to 3.52 +/- 0.36 ml/min/g (p less than .0001) and endocardial flow from 1.19 +/- 0.09 to 2.96 +/- 0.20 ml/min/g (p = .0001). In the zone of partial stenosis the increase in epicardial flow after dipyridamole was less marked (1.01 +/- 0.10 to 1.55 +/- 0.15 ml/min/g; p = .009) and endocardial flow decreased (0.84 +/- 0.11 to 0.64 +/- 0.15 ml/min/g; p = .04). Coronary perfusion pressure distal to the stenotic zone fell from 65 +/- 3 to 50 +/- 3 mm Hg after dipyridamole. In the nine control dogs with equivalent stenosis, 201Tl uptake and washout were not significantly different in the stenotic zone compared with the normal zone. These data indicate that dipyridamole-induced vasodilation in the presence of a partial stenosis results in diminished uptake and delayed clearance compared with increased uptake and more rapid clearance in normally perfused myocardium producing an initial 201Tl defect with delayed redistribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A5.7 Autoantibodies to the Fibrin-Derived Citrullinated Peptides α36–50 and β60–74 are Two Distinct Non-Overlapping Subfamilies of ACPA that together almost Summarise their Reactivity to Citrullinated Fibrinogen and to CCP2 Antigens
Authors: M Cornillet, M Sebbag, E Verrouil, A Magyar, A Ruyssen-Witrand, F Hudecz, A Cantagrel, G Serre, L Nogueira
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the proportions of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) sera containing autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) reactive to α36–50 and/or β60–74<sub>,</sub> two citrullinated peptides identified as bearing the immunodominant epitopes of their major target: citrullinated fibrin. To analyse the relationships of anti-α36–50 and anti-β60–74 autoantibodies with autoantibodies to the whole citrullinated human fibrinogen (AhFibA) and with anti-CCP2 antibodies. <h3>Methods</h3> 617 sera from 181 established RA and 436 non-RA rheumatic diseases were tested by ELISA for AhFibA, anti-CCP2, anti-α36–50, anti-β60–74 autoantibodies, and by nephelometry for Rheumatoid Factor (RF). Diagnostic indexes, correlations and concordances between tests were analysed. Cross–reactivity between anti-α36–50 and anti-β60–74 autoantibodies was analysed with peptide absorption experiments. <h3>Results</h3> At diagnostic specificity of 95%, the diagnostic sensitivity of AhFibA (83%) was significantly higher than that of all other tests. The diagnostic sensitivity of anti-β60–74 autoantibodies (71%) was significantly higher than that of anti-α36–50 (51%) but similar to that of anti-CCP2 (74%). Titres of RF, anti-α36–50 and anti-β60–74 autoantibodies were weakly correlated with each other, whereas titres of anti-β60–74 were strongly correlated with those of AhFibA (rho = 0.633) and of anti-CCP2 (rho = 0.634). More than 90% of AhFibA-positive or anti-CCP2-positive sera recognised the α36–50 and/or the β60–74 peptide. Absorption experiments showed that anti-α36–50 and anti-β60–74 mainly correspond to 2 non-cross reactive subfamilies of ACPA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Autoantibodies to α36–50 and β60–74 are two distinct non-overlapping subfamilies of ACPA that together almost summarise the ACPA reactivity to citrullinated fibrinogen and to CCP2 antigens. In established RA, anti-β60–74 autoantibodies show diagnostic indexes similar to those of anti-CCP2.
Intramyocardial Oxygen Tension
Authors: A. J. Moss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article Intramyocardial Oxygen Tension Get access Arthur J. Moss Arthur J. Moss From the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 1968, Pages 314–318, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.3.314 Published: 01 July 1968 Article history Received: 15 January 1968 Published: 01 July 1968
Usefulness of co-treatment with immunomodulators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with scheduled infliximab maintenance therapy
Authors: H. Sokol, P. Seksik, F. Carrat, I. Nion-Larmurier, A. Vienne, L. Beaugerie, J. Cosnes
Journal: Gut (2010)

Concomitant use of immunosuppressants (IS) with scheduled infliximab (IFX) maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is debated. The aim of this study was to assess whether IS co-treatment is useful in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on scheduled IFX infusions.121 consecutive patients with IBD (23 UC, 98 CD) treated by IFX and who received at least 6 months of IS co-treatment (azathioprine (AZA) or methotrexate (MTX)) were studied. In each patient, the IFX treatment duration was divided into semesters which were independently analysed regarding IBD activity.Semesters with IS (n=265) and without IS (n=319) were analysed. IBD flares, perianal complications and switch to adalimumab were less frequently observed in semesters with IS than in those without IS (respectively: 19.3% vs 32.0%, p=0.003; 4.1% vs 11.8%, p=0.03; 1.1% vs 5.3%, p=0.006). Maximal C-reactive protein (CRP) level and IFX dose/kg observed during the semesters were lower in semesters with IS. Within semesters with IS, IBD flares and perianal complications were less frequently observed in semesters with AZA than in those with MTX. In multivariate analysis, IS co-treatment was associated with a decreased risk of IBD flare (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.79)In patients with IBD receiving IFX maintenance therapy, IS co-treatment is associated with reduced IBD activity, IFX dose and switch to adalimumab. In this setting, co-treatment with AZA seems to be more effective than co-treatment with MTX. Benefit of such a combination treatment has to be balanced with potential risks, notably infections and cancers.