tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome: updated consensus definitions and clinical practice guidelines from the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Derek J. Roberts, Jan De Waele, Roman Jaeschke, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Bart De Keulenaer, Juan Duchesne, Martin Bjorck, Ari Leppaniemi, Janeth C. Ejike, Michael Sugrue, Michael Cheatham, Rao Ivatury, Chad G. Ball, Annika Reintam Blaser, Adrian Regli, Zsolt J. Balogh, Scott D’Amours, Dieter Debergh, Mark Kaplan, Edward Kimball, Claudia Olvera
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)

To update the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) consensus definitions and management statements relating to intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). We conducted systematic or structured reviews to identify relevant studies relating to IAH or ACS. Updated consensus definitions and management statements were then derived using a modified Delphi method and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines, respectively. Quality of evidence was graded from high (A) to very low (D) and management statements from strong RECOMMENDATIONS (desirable effects clearly outweigh potential undesirable ones) to weaker SUGGESTIONS (potential risks and benefits of the intervention are less clear). In addition to reviewing the consensus definitions proposed in 2006, the WSACS defined the open abdomen, lateralization of the abdominal musculature, polycompartment syndrome, and abdominal compliance, and proposed an open abdomen classification system. RECOMMENDATIONS included intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement, avoidance of sustained IAH, protocolized IAP monitoring and management, decompressive laparotomy for overt ACS, and negative pressure wound therapy and efforts to achieve same-hospital-stay fascial closure among patients with an open abdomen. SUGGESTIONS included use of medical therapies and percutaneous catheter drainage for treatment of IAH/ACS, considering the association between body position and IAP, attempts to avoid a positive fluid balance after initial patient resuscitation, use of enhanced ratios of plasma to red blood cells and prophylactic open abdominal strategies, and avoidance of routine early biologic mesh use among patients with open abdominal wounds. NO RECOMMENDATIONS were possible regarding monitoring of abdominal perfusion pressure or the use of diuretics, renal replacement therapies, albumin, or acute component-parts separation. Although IAH and ACS are common and frequently associated with poor outcomes, the overall quality of evidence available to guide development of RECOMMENDATIONS was generally low. Appropriately designed intervention trials are urgently needed for patients with IAH and ACS.
Myocardial biopsy findings and gadolinium enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Oliver Zimmermann, Olaf Grebe, Nico Merkle, Thorsten Nusser, Matthias Kochs, Magdalena Bienek‐Ziolkowski, Vinzenz Hombach, Jan Torzewski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Addressing Physician Specialty Maldistribution—Reply
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections From Endoscopes
Authors: Jane E. Henney
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hidden peanut allergens detected in various foods: findings and legal measures
Authors: G. F. Schäppi, V. Konrad, D. Imhof, R. Etter, B. Wüthrich
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Undeclared allergens in foodstuffs represent a major health problem for sensitized persons. Until recently, most food control authorities were not in the position to monitor hidden allergens and to take legal measures against their presence in foodstuffs.In this study, we employed human sera-based immunoassay techniques, enabling semiquantitative detection and identification of peanut allergens in a variety of foodstuffs.This study showed the presence of undeclared allergens in products belonging to various food categories, such as cereals, cookies, cakes, and snacks. The detection limit for peanut contamination was in most instances less than 50 mg peanut material per kg, i.e., less than about 5 mg peanut allergens per kg. We legally objected to products with more than one part per thousand or 1000 mg/kg of peanut contamination.In most cases, food producers, confronted with our results, were able to detect and eliminate the sources of the contamination. They implemented measures to prevent the presence of hidden peanut allergens in their products, increasing food safety for sensitized persons and overall food quality.
How to get out of hospital
Authors: M. E. Black
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many patients in hospital in the United Kingdom would love to leave. These are noisy, fractious places where you’d never choose to be unless you really had to. And nowadays I am pleasantly surprised when anyone with complex needs actually gets out of hospital at all.

Many patients with multiple health and social care needs, often elderly and frail people, would be only too keen to get home if they could. But gone are the days of my medical youth when I could simply call the relatives to ask them to collect …
Prenatal testing leads to row in the Netherlands
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A public debate has erupted in the Netherlands over the ethics of prenatal diagnostic testing since it was reported that two abortions were carried out last year after tests showed a hereditary disorder causing blindness.

In an interview for the evangelical broadcasting company a clinical geneticist at the prestigious Amsterdam Academic Medical Centre, Professor Liesbeth Bleeker-Wagemakers, explained that in the past two years 10 parents had had prenatal tests because of the possibility of serious hereditary eye disorders.

Two parents had chosen abortions after positive results of tests for retinitis pigmentosa, a disorder in which adults are likely to become blind in middle age. One woman, from a family in which half her uncles and nephews became …
Mass deworming in Ugandan children
Authors: Mickey Chopra
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Is effective but associated malnutrition needs treatment 

A bout two billion people are affected by either schistosomiasis or helminth infections transmitted through soil (such as roundworms, whipworms, and hookworms). And about 300 million people have severe and permanent ill health as a result, especially poor and marginalised groups. Children aged 2 to 5 years are most at risk of severe morbidity. Treatment is cheap and safe and need be given only two or three times a year. The benefits of such treatment, even for preschool children, are becoming clearer. A randomised controlled trial by Alderman and colleagues reported in this week's BMJ finds that adding deworming drugs to a …
Regulation of osteopontin by IL-10 and Th2 cytokines in human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: S. Konno, N. Hizawa, J.A. Eckman, B. Plunkett, D.B.K. Golden, J. Schroeder, M. Nishimura, S. Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Effect of denervation on the expression of two glucose transporter isoforms in rat hindlimb muscle.
Authors: N E Block, D R Menick, K A Robinson, M G Buse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Denervation rapidly (within 24 h) induces insulin resistance of several insulin-responsive pathways in skeletal muscle, including glucose transport; resistance is usually maximal by 3 d. We examined the effect of denervation on the expression of two glucose transporter isoforms (GLUT-1 and GLUT-4) in rat hindlimb muscle; GLUT-4 is the predominant species in muscle. 1 d postdenervation, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 mRNA and protein concentrations were unchanged. 3 and 7 d postdenervation, GLUT-4 mRNA and protein (per microgram DNA) were decreased by 50%. The minor isoform, GLUT-1 mRNA increased by approximately 500 and approximately 100%, respectively, on days 3 and 7 while GLUT-1 protein increased by approximately 60 and approximately 100%. The data suggest that the insulin resistance of glucose transport early after denervation does not reflect a decrease in total glucose transporter number; however, decreased GLUT-4 expression may contribute to its increased severity after 3 d. Parallel decreases in GLUT-4 mRNA and GLUT-4 protein postdenervation are consistent with pretranslational regulation; GLUT-1 expression may be regulated pre- and posttranslationally. The cell type(s) which overexpress GLUT-1 postdenervation need to be identified. Nervous stimuli and/or contractile activity may modulate the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle tissue.
Determination of Circulating Pulmonary Blood Volume in Dogs by an Arteriovenous Dye Equilibration Method
Authors: MURRAY RABINOWITZ, ELLIOT RAPAPORT, HlROSHI KUIDA, FLORENCE W. HAYNES, LEWIS DEXTBR
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

The "equilibration" method introduced by Bradley to measure circulating "splanchnic blood volume" has been applied to the estimation of "pulmonary blood volume." The theoretic and practical aspects of the method are analyzed. Values for circulating "pulmonary blood volume" determined in anesthetized dogs were not significantly different from values obtained by the "mean circulation time output" method and were significantly greater than those determined by the "slope output" method. When experimental conditions were varied, relatively parallel changes were recorded by the three methods. It is believed that the "equilibration" method is a valid one for estimating circulating "pulmonary blood volume."
The Ecologic Method in the Study of Environmental Health. II. Methodologic Issues and Feasibility
Authors: Stephen D. Walter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This paper reviews some methodological aspects of ecologic studies of human health, with emphasis on investigations of environmental quality. A recent census of Canadian and U.S. data sets potentially suitable for this type of study is summarized. It is concluded that despite the considerable utility of the ecologic design for this purpose, substantial practical difficulties are common in their implementation. Particular problems are the relative scarcity of relevant environmental data and complications associated with rendering them compatible with health data.
P907 SELF-REPORT NON ADHERENCE TO THERAPY AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RESULTS OF A SINGLE-CENTER, CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: P. De Simone, J. Ducci, P. Carrai, G. Leonardi, E. Giannessi, B. Magni, F. Meocci, M. Masetti, F. Filipponi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Intrinsic Breast Tumor Subtypes, Race, and Long-Term Survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Katie M. O'Brien, Stephen R. Cole, Chiu-Kit Tse, Charles M. Perou, Lisa A. Carey, William D. Foulkes, Lynn G. Dressler, Joseph Geradts, Robert C. Millikan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Previous research identified differences in breast cancer–specific mortality across 4 intrinsic tumor subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive/estrogen receptor negative (HER2+/ER−). Experimental Design: We used immunohistochemical markers to subtype 1,149 invasive breast cancer patients (518 African American, 631 white) in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based study of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Vital status was determined through 2006 using the National Death Index, with median follow-up of 9 years. Results: Cancer subtypes luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and HER2+/ER− were distributed as 64%, 11%, 11%, and 5% for whites, and 48%, 8%, 22%, and 7% for African Americans, respectively. Breast cancer mortality was higher for participants with HER2+/ER− and basal-like breast cancer compared with luminal A and B. African Americans had higher breast cancer–specific mortality than whites, but the effect of race was statistically significant only among women with luminal A breast cancer. However, when compared with the luminal A subtype within racial categories, mortality for participants with basal-like breast cancer was higher among whites (HR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.4) than African Americans (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.4), with the strongest effect seen in postmenopausal white women (HR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.5–10.0). Conclusions: Our results confirm the association of basal-like breast cancer with poor prognosis and suggest that basal-like breast cancer is not an inherently more aggressive disease in African American women compared with whites. Additional analyses are needed in populations with known treatment profiles to understand the role of tumor subtypes and race in breast cancer mortality, and in particular our finding that among women with luminal A breast cancer, African Americans have higher mortality than whites. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6100–10. ©2010 AACR.
Extracellular calcium and cholinergic stimulation of isolated canine parietal cells.
Authors: A H Soll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The role of calcium gating in cholinergic stimulation of the function of parietal cells was studied using cells isolated from canine fundic mucosa by treatment with collagenase and EDTA and enriched by velocity separation in an elutriator rotor. Monitoring the accumulation of [14C[ aminopyrine as an index of parietal cell response, stimulation by carbachol, but not by histamine, was highly dependent upon the concentration of extracellular calcium. Incubation of parietal cells in 0-.1 mM calcium, rather than the usual 1.8 mM concentration, reduced the response to 100 microM carbachol by 92 +/- 2%, whereas histamine stimulation was impaired by 28 +/- 5%. A similar reduction in extracellular calcium suppressed the response to gastrin (100 nM) by 67 +/- 7%. The impairment of cholinergic stimulation found at low extracellular calcium concentrations was rapidly reversed with the readdition of calcium. Lanthanum, which blocks calcium movement across membranes, caused a similar pattern of effects on secretagogue stimulation of aminopyrine accumulation, with 100 microM lanthanum suppressing carbachol stimulation by 83 +/- 2%. This concentration of lanthanum suppressed gastrin stimulation by 40 +/- 7% and histamine stimulation by only 12 +/- 9%. Carbachol, but not histamine nor gastrin, stimulated 45Ca++ uptake. The magnitude of carbachol-stimulated calcium uptake correlated with the parietal cell content of the fractions examined (r = 0.88), and was dose responsive over carbachol concentrations from 1 microM to 1 mM. Atropine (100 nM) caused surmountable inhibition, and these effects of carbachol and atropine on calcium uptake correlated with their effects on oxygen consumption (r = 0.93) and [14C]-aminopyrine accumulation (r = 0.90). Cells preloaded with 45Ca++ lost cellular calcium in a time-dependent fashion; however, this rate of egress was not accelerated by treatment with histamine, gastrin, or carbachol, thus failing to implicate mobilization of intracellular calcium as primary mechanism for activation of parietal cell function. These data indicate a close link between stimulation of parietal cell function and enhancement of calcium influx by cholinergic agents.
Leo Joseph Dolan
Authors: A. Clift
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Leo Dolan, who practised in Crumpsall, north Manchester, for 35 years, died aged 80 on 9 May.

As a doctor, he made his patients always his first concern, and he continually put a lot of thought and a great deal of effort into trying to provide better and more efficient care for them, often shown in practical details such as disabled toilet facilities and efficient friendly receptionists. He used to say that one of the most important things for a general practitioner was to listen to his patients.

A devout Catholic and a member of Opus Dei, he went daily to mass and holy communion. He was noted for being straightforward, honest, helpful, and sympathetic. But he would never compromise on ethical or moral matters.

He was a keen sportsman from an early age. He excelled at rugby, was a keen gymnast, …
Report of a Successful Case of Operation for Strangulated Inguinal Hernia at Sea
Authors: U. A. Daly
Journal: BMJ (1882)

wool; left this four days; then removed the sutures.Union by first intention up to opening left for the drain.No fever; no sign qf any putrefactive process.Drain-opening now closed."I fear, gentlemen, my paper has been somnewhat long and full of detail; but I hope the importance of the subject will warrant my occu- pying your attention for this length.At present, I fear my instrument is somewhat cumbersome, and it certainly occupies one person to work the bellows; but if, in an institution such as a large hospital, the hydraulic bellows used to work the organ, or the water-power used for the lift, could be made available, it would be an easy matter to have a pipe to each ward and to the operating-room, which would convey
The ”Frost Sign”: an Inadvertent Minor Complication of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: N. Suzuki, I. C. Talbot, B. P. Saunders
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Figure 1 A 72-year-old woman with diarrhoea attended for colonoscopy. An 8-mm sessile polyp was found in her caecum. During submucosal injection to lift the polyp, an unusual white appearance was observed, which we have termed the "frost sign". On checking the equipment, it was found that air had remained within the injection catheter due to insufficient flushing.
Cancer charity starts research programme with drug “borrowed” from industry
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The charity Cancer Research UK announced this week that it has started work on its first clinical research programme in a new partnership arrangement that enables it to “borrow” candidate drugs that have been shelved by drug companies so it can further explore their potential.

The cancer research charity and its commercial arm, Cancer Research Technology, is starting the programme with the clinical development of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AZD0424, provided by the drug company AstraZeneca.

Under the terms of the agreement, …
Comparison of the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and ozone on cultured human bronchial epithelial cells.
Authors: E W Gabrielson, X Y Yu, E W Spannhake
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In this study, we compared the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and ozone on cultured human airway epithelial cells in primary culture. Both agents caused a dose-dependent loss in the replicative ability of epithelial cells and at higher levels of exposure caused acute cytotoxicity as measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase. Differences were seen, however, between the agents' effects with regard to induction of DNA single strand breaks as measured by alkaline elution:; whereas single-strand breaks were detected in significant amounts at concentration of hydrogen peroxide that cause acute cytotoxicity, none were detected at any of the levels of ozone exposure examined. A difference was also seen in the ability of the iron chelator deferoxamine to protect cells from the effect of the two oxidants. Preincubation of cultures with deferoxamine appreciably attenuated the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide but not of ozone. These data suggest that ozone has significant toxic effects on bronchial epithelial cells not mediated through the generation of hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, the data indicate that the inhibiting action of ozone on cell replicative ability is not mediated through a mechanism related to DNA single strand breaks.
Applicability to primary care of national clinical guidelines on blood pressure lowering for people with stroke: cross sectional study
Authors: Jonathan Mant, Richard J McManus, Rachel Hare
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the characteristics of patients with cerebrovascular disease in primary care with those of the participants in the PROGRESS trial, on which national guidelines for blood pressure lowering are based. <b>Design</b> Population based cross sectional survey of patients with confirmed stroke or transient ischaemic attack. <b>Setting</b> Seven general practices in south Birmingham, England. <b>Participants</b> All patients with a validated history of stroke (n = 413) or transient ischaemic attack (n = 107). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Patient characteristics: age, sex, time since last cerebrovascular event, blood pressure, and whether receiving antihypertensive treatment. <b>Results</b> Patients were 12 years older than the participants in PROGRESS and twice as likely to be women. The median time that had elapsed since their cerebrovascular event was two and a half years, compared with eight months in PROGRESS. The systolic blood pressure of 315 (61%) patients was over 140 mm Hg, and for 399 (77%) it was over 130 mm Hg. One hundred and forty seven (28%) patients were receiving a thiazide diuretic, and 136 (26%) were receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. <b>Conclusions</b> Important differences exist between the PROGRESS trial participants and a typical primary care stroke population, which undermine the applicability of the trial9s findings. Research in appropriate populations is urgently needed before the international guidelines are implemented in primary care.