tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS OF THE BEARD
Authors: JOHN A. PARRISH, KENNETH A. ARNDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face is common in those males who grow moustaches or beards. Although the pathophysiology of the process remains hypothetical, the prevention and therapy are clear cut. They involve the use of shampoos containing tar, salicylic acid and sulphur and, in extensive cases, the use of topical corticosteroids. There is no indication for radical surgical procedures such as shaving.
Industrial injuries benefits for coal miners with obstructive lung disease
Authors: A. NEWMAN-TAYLOR, D. COGGON
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Professor Seaton criticises the approach adopted by the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council (IIAC) in its most recent report on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in coal miners.1 Among other things he is concerned that its recommendation, now accepted by the Government, that benefit should be awarded where miners with COPD have worked underground for 20 years or longer, even if there is no evidence of pneumoconiosis on a chest radiograph, will lead to increased payments “to compensate smokers”, and that it will remove an incentive to the coal industry to control dust exposures. He also expresses concern that pressure will now be brought on the IIAC to reduce the qualifying period of employment to less than 20 years. As chairmen of the Council and its Research Working Group, we wish to respond.

The remit of the IIAC is to advise the Secretary of State for Social Security on matters relating to the operation of the industrial injuries scheme, and on the occupational diseases that can be prescribed for the purposes of social security compensation. While the prevention of occupational illness is a concern for all who work in this field, it is not the prime responsibility of the Council. It would be wrong in principle for the IIAC to withhold a recommendation for justifiable compensation because it might compromise efforts towards disease prevention. However, in practice we do not think that …
Ether Link Cleavage Is the Major Pathway of Iodothyronine Metabolism in the Phagocytosing Human Leukocyte and also Occurs In Vivo in the Rat
Authors: Albert G. Burger, Dennis Engler, Ulrich Buergi, Michael Weissel, Gertraud Steiger, Sidney H. Ingbar, Richard E. Rosin, Bernard M. Babior
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

These studies were performed to test the hypothesis that ether link cleavage (ELC) is an important pathway for the metabolism of thyroxine (T4) in the phagocytosing human leukocyte. When tyrosyl ring-labeled [125I]T4([Tyr125I]T4) was incubated with phagocytosing leukocytes, 50% of the degraded label was converted into [125I]3,5-diiodotyrosine ([125I]DIT). Of the remaining [Tyr125I]T4 that was degraded, two-thirds was recovered as [125I]-nonextractable iodine ([125I]NEI), and one-third as [125I]iodide. The production of [125I]DIT was not observed when phenolic ring-labeled [125I]T4 ([Phen125I]T4) was used, although [125I]NEI and [125I]iodide were produced. None of these iodinated compounds were formed in leukocytes that were not carrying out phagocytosis.
Acetylcholine — Current Status in Physiology, Pharmacology and Medicine
Authors: George B. Koelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IT is now just over half a century since Otto Loewi provided the first conclusive evidence of the humoral, or chemical, transmission of nerve impulses, a concept that had been suggested by DuBois-Reymond nearly half a century previously. Loewi and his associates went on to show that the neurohumoral transmitter in the system he employed, the cardiac vagus of the frog, is acetylcholine (ACh, [CH3]3N+CH2OCOCH3), that an enzyme, subsequently termed cholinesterase, terminates the vagal action by hydrolyzing the transmitter, and that the alkaloidal drug, physostigmine, produces its vagomimetic effect by inhibiting the . . .
Myocardial Ischemia Associated With Transtracheal Aspiration
Authors: James C. Pitts
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ACCURATE interpretation of cultures of expectorated secretions is frequently impossible because such material contains microorganisms from the mouth and not present in the lower respiratory tract. Numerous studies have documented the value of transtracheal aspiration in identifying pathogens from the lower respiratory tract, and although all have stressed its safety,<sup>1</sup>occasional serious morbidity or even mortality has been noted.<sup>2</sup>We describe a patient in whom myocardial ischemia occurred during transtracheal aspiration and call attention to the importance of adequate oxygenation for patients having this procedure. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old hypertensive man was readmitted to the hospital 20 days after right pneumonectomy for squamous cell carcinoma because of progressive shortness of breath, five-pillow orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Rales were present over the left lung base; an S3 gallop was heard, but otherwise there were no signs of heart failure. His electrolyte and BUN levels were within
An evaluation of the impact of biologic therapy on secondary care resource use associated with the management of crohn's disease in the UK
Authors: J. O. Lindsay, S. Bloom, P. J. Hamlin, C. Hayward, F. Percival, K. Bean, K. Bodger
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Previous studies with anti-TNF drugs1–3 for Crohn9s disease (CD) showed a reduction in cost by reducing hospitalisations, examinations under anaesthetic (EUA) and diagnostic procedures. However no study has looked at the effect of anti-TNF drug dosing schedule on outcomes and resource use. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study using patient records, in 5 UK hospitals. Consenting patients aged&gt;18 with a diagnosis of CD who had started any anti-TNF drug &gt;1 year prior to study, with records for &gt;2 years pre-anti-TNF were included. Data were collected for 2 years pre-anti-TNF and 1 year post-anti-TNF initiation on hospital resource use associated with CD. Outcomes measured were change in steroid use, rates of surgery and change in disease state at 1 year versus baseline. <h3>Results</h3> Of 142 patients in the study (61% female) 121 (85%) started anti-TNF drug in 2005–2009. The prescribing pattern changed from 78% episodic dosing (ED) in 2003 to 79% maintenance dosing (MD) in 2009. Anti-TNF was started a median of 8.7 years (IQR 12.6 years) after diagnosis, with patient median age at initiation 34 years (IQR 18 years). At 1 year, 77% of patients had improved disease, 12% worse and 11% remained the same. Steroids were stopped in 23% and reduced in 23% at 1 year; more in the MD group (32%) than in the ED group (12%). Rates of major abdominal surgery were similar pre-anti-TNF and post-anti-TNF (0.06 in Y-1 and 0.10 in Y+1). Overall, NHS resource use was similar pre-anti-TNF and post-anti-TNF, for all visit types except day case visits which increased (mean 0.7/year pre vs 5.9/year post) for infliximab infusions. In the MD group there was a NS trend to fewer admissions (mean 0.65/year pre vs 0.42/year post), bed days (4.9 vs 3.6/year), OP visits (7.5 vs 6.4), EUA (1.1 vs 0.8) and A&amp;E visits (0.2 vs 0.1) post-anti-TNF and 72% of MD patients had reduced non-drug direct costs in the post-anti-TNF year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this study CD of patients treated with anti-TNFs improved and steroid use was reduced, particularly with MD but it did not show the reduction in resource use or major surgery seen in previous work.1–3 Results were affected by two very high cost patients, highlighting variability in disease course. Prospective studies are needed to fully explore differences between ED and MD. However, this study suggests that outcomes and costs may be better with MD than ED, supporting latest NICE guidance.4
Health care in China is highly inequitable
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two decades of radical economic reform in China has had profound repercussions on access to health care, creating deep divisions between the urban and rural population, according to a new study by the World Bank.

The shift to a market economy, the collapse of rural “risk pooling” health schemes, and the predominance of fee for service treatment have led to financial access to health care becoming inequitable, says the report, Financing Health Care . China's health sector faces deep problems today, it warns.

The data are stark, especially concerning the rural population of …
Thymus-dependent lymphocytes in human bone marrow.
Authors: R P Gale, G Opelz, O M Kiuchi, D W Golde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Human bone marrow is known to contain significant numbers of bursa-dependent lymphocytes. The presence of thymus-dependent (T) cells is controversial. Bone marrow cells obtained from healthy volunteers was fractionated by density centrifugation. A lymphocte-enriched subpopulation was shown to be reactive to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture and to contain substantial numbers of T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes were detected by cell surface markers (rosette formation with sheep RBC) and by response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. Bone marrow T cells exhibited functional characteristics quantitatively different from peripheral blood T cells, suggesting that they may represent a particular subpopulation of T cells. The lymphocyte-enriched fraction additionally contained committed granulopoietic stem cells capable of colony formation in semisolid gel. The presence of T cells in human bone marrow is consistent with findings in other mammals and may explain the high incidence of graft versus host disease in bone marrow transplant recipients.
Tricuspid Stenosis with Pulmonary Atresia
Authors: MILTON H. PAUL, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1960)

An opportunity was presented during cardiac catheterization to study the hemodynamic function of the obstructed right ventricular chamber in a heart with tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary atresia, and an intact ventricular septum. Cineangiocardiograms demonstrated that the anatomically stenotic tricuspid orifice was also a regurgitant orifice and it is postulated that the bidirectional flow of blood associated with the tricuspid regurgitation prevents the obstructed ventricle from becoming obliterated by stasis-thrombosis.
Baseline fibrinolytic state and the risk of future venous thrombosis. A prospective study of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor.
Authors: P M Ridker, D E Vaughan, M J Stampfer, J E Manson, C Shen, L M Newcomer, S Z Goldhaber, C H Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Although isolated abnormalities of plasminogen activation and inhibition have been reported among selected patients with venous thrombosis, it is unclear whether these deficiencies of fibrinolysis are important risk factors for thromboembolic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate whether baseline levels of endogenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) predict the future occurrence of venous thrombosis, levels of these proteins were measured in prospectively collected plasma samples from 55 participants in the Physicians' Health Study who later developed deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and from an equal number of age- and smoking-matched control subjects who remained free of vascular disease during a mean follow-up period of 60.2 months. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences between case patients and control subjects in baseline levels of PAI-1 (50.5 versus 59.5 ng/ml, p = 0.26), t-PA (13.4 versus 13.3 ng/ml, p = 0.94), or PAI-1:t-PA ratio (6.84 versus 6.58, p = 0.82). No evidence of a threshold effect or trend was seen when these data were analyzed by increasing quartiles of PAI-1 (p = 0.73), t-PA (p = 0.62), or PAI-1:t-PA ratio (p = 0.93). These results were unchanged after multivariate analysis that simultaneously controlled for other baseline cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous uncontrolled case series and smaller retrospective studies, these prospective data provide strong evidence that baseline fibrinolytic state, as measured by t-PA and PAI-1, does not predict the occurrence of future venous thrombosis.
Meta-regression analysis of high-frequency ventilation vs conventional ventilation in infant respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Casper W. Bollen, Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal, Adrianus J. van Vught
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

There is considerable heterogeneity among randomized trials comparing high-frequency ventilation (HFV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. We investigated what factors explained differences in outcome among these trials. Meta-regression analysis of 15 randomized trials. Variables were extracted to explain heterogeneity: year of publication; use of Sensormedics 3100A ventilator for HFV; time on CMV prior to start of study; gestational age; use of surfactant; high lung volume strategy in HFV; and lung protective ventilation strategy in CMV and baseline risk. Chronic lung disease (CLD) and death or CLD were outcome measures. Relative risk ratios were calculated to estimate effect sizes of explanatory variables on reported relative risks. Adjusted estimates of relative risk ratios of high lung volume strategy and lung protective ventilation strategy were 0.42 (95% CI 0.06–2.48) and 2.02 (95% CI 0.18–23.12) for CLD, respectively. The effect of gestational age was less pronounced (RRR = 1.17 (95% CI 0.16–8.32) for CLD, respectively). Use of Sensormedics and prior time on CMV had the smallest effects [RRR = 0.96 (95% CI 0.47–1.94) and RRR = 0.85 (95% CI 0.58–1.24) for CLD, respectively)]. The same results applied to CLD or death as outcome. Variation in ventilation strategies that were used in trials comparing HFV with CMV in premature neonates offered the most likely explanation for the observed differences in the outcome of these trials compared with other explanatory factors.
Transient Perceptive Deafness due to Erythromycin Lactobionate
Authors: U. Mintz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Erythromycin may cause adverse reactions of two types: (1) allergic such as fever, eosinophilia, skin eruptions, and cholestatic hepatitis, 1-3 or (2) toxic such as epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 4 We observed two patients who developed transient bilateral perceptive deafness following intravenous administration of erythromycin lactobionate.  Report of Cases.—  Two women, 65 and 67 years old, were recently admitted to our medical department and found to have subacute bacterial endocarditis superimposed on valvular heart disease. One patient was known to be allergic to penicillin, and the other developed nausea and vomiting while receiving penicillin. The first patient, given 2.1 gm erythromycin administered intravenously for two days and 4.2 gm during 12 hours on the third day, complained of loss of hearing three hours after termination of the infusion. The second patient, who, after penicillin treatment was discontinued, was given 4.2 gm erythromycin intravenously administered during
Characteristics Related to Poor Glycemic Control in NIDDM Patients in Community Practice
Authors: Caroline S Blaum, Lourdes Velez, Roland G Hiss, Jeffrey B Halter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To identify clinical characteristics related to poor glycemic control in patients with NIDDM cared for by Michigan primary care physicians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from 393 NIDDM patients (mean age, 63 ± 11 years; 54% female; 92% white) in the 1990–1991 Michigan Diabetes in Communities II Study. We evaluated patient demographic, clinical, and physiological characteristics, attitudes toward diabetes, and self-care ability. Logistic regression was used for multivariate evaluation of the characteristics of those patients whose glycosylated hemoglobin (normal GHb 4–8%) was in the upper 25% of the study sample (GHb &amp;gt; 11.6%). RESULTS A high meal-stimulated plasma C-peptide was associated with a lower likelihood of poor control (odds ratio [OR] for highest quartile vs. all others = 0.37; 95% CI 0.23-0.58). Longer time since diagnosis (OR for each 5 years duration = 1.28; 95% CI 1.07-1.53), poor self-care ability (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.27-2.71), and perceived absence of dietary recommendations (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.11–5.08) were also independently associated with presence in the highest GHb quartile. Characteristics that were not significantly related to poor glycemic control included sex, age, obesity, educational level, exercise, self-rated health status, and pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSIONS 1) Poor glycemic control may reflect progressive failure of islet function, although the independent relationships of C-peptide level and time since diagnosis are consistent with concepts of heterogeneous mechanisms underlying NIDDM. 2) Despite the important relationships of biological characteristics of NIDDM to glycemic control, patient attitudes and self-care ability may be useful targets for designing management strategies for certain poorly controlled patients.
1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol Evaluates Daily Glycemic Excursions in Well-Controlled NIDDM
Authors: Michihiko Kishimoto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Minoru Kubota, Katsumi Arai, Toyohiko Morishima, Ryuzo Kawamori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of plasma 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5-AG) as a possible marker for daily glycemic excursion, we measured plasma 1,5-AG, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and daily excursion of glycemia, from which the M-value (after Schlichtkrull) was calculated as an index of daily glycemic excursion. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects were 76 patients with well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with diet therapy only (diet, n = 17), oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA, n = 28), conventional insulin therapy (CIT, n = 16), or multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT, n = 15). RESULTS HbA1c values were similar among all the groups (diet, 6.9 ± 0.6; OHA, 7.2 ± 0.5; CIT, 7.1 ± 0.6; MIT, 7.2 ± 0.5%). The MIT group showed a significantly higher 1,5-AG concentration (11.5 ± 5.3 μg/ml), a significantly lower M-value (9.2 ± 5.2), and little risk of hypoglycemia (&amp;lt; 4 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (&amp;gt; 10 mmol/l) (1.3 ± 1.1 times/24 h) compared with the CIT group (6.9 ± 3.3μg/ml, 15.7 ± 8.9, 2.2 ± 1.6 times/24 h, respectively). Insulin doses (22.4 ± 4.5 vs. 22.0 ± 8.9 U/day), FPG (6.6 ± 2.2 vs. 7.4 ± 2.4 mmol/l), and HbA1c concentrations were not significantly different between the CIT and MIT groups. M-values significantly correlated with 1,5-AG concentrations (r = 0.414, P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not with HbA1c concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the plasma 1,5-AG concentration can be a useful index of the daily excursion of blood glucose, especially in patients with well-controlled NIDDM.
Sports Nutrition: Fats and Proteins
Authors: Melinda M. Manore
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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ARRHYTHMIA CORDIS COMPLICATING FIBROMATA UTERI.
Authors: J. WESLEY BOVÉE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The study of the life history of uterine fibromata, with their multiplicity of combinations, has been patient, persevering and full of vexations. At first, considered perfectly benign, we have come to recognize the probability of their producing great harm and even of taking on malignant degeneration. Their complications are becoming constantly more numerous. Sorel<sup>1</sup>has found they have a close relation to glycosuria. He demonstrated this relation in some marked cases of glycosuria, extending over a period of years, complicated by uterine fibroids, and in which a quick and decisive cure of the pathologic discharge of sugar followed hysterectomy. What etiological relation, if any, exists between arteriosclerosis and uterine fibroids is still a matter of conjecture. La Force<sup>2</sup>considers it a potent cause of fibroids of this organ, and many believe a condition of arteriosclerosis is usually present in most cases of these growths. It would seem but