tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term results of Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group trials for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1984–1999
Authors: M Tsuchida, A Ohara, A Manabe, M Kumagai, H Shimada, A Kikuchi, T Mori, M Saito, M Akiyama, T Fukushima, K Koike, M Shiobara, C Ogawa, T Kanazawa, Y Noguchi, S Oota, Y Okimoto, H Yabe, M Kajiwara, D Tomizawa, K Ko, K Sugita, T Kaneko, M Maeda, T Inukai, H Goto, H Takahashi, K Isoyama, Y Hayashi, R Hosoya, R Hanada
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Platelet-activating factor potentiates protamine-induced lung edema. Role of eicosanoids.
Authors: C R Chen, N F Voelkel, S W Chang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a cell membrane-derived ether lipid that plays an important role in acute lung vascular injury. We recently reported that PAF potentiates protamine-induced lung edema by enhancing pulmonary venoconstriction. As PAF is known to stimulate lung eicosanoid synthesis, we investigated the role of peptidoleukotrienes and other eicosanoids in this priming effect of PAF. Addition of PAF (1.6 nM), followed 10 min later by protamine (50 micrograms/ml), to perfusate of salt solution-perfused rat lungs resulted in marked arterial and venous constrictions and severe lung edema. Lung tissue thromboxane B2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were markedly elevated 20 min after PAF/protamine. Pretreatment of the lungs with AA-861, a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, blocked PAF/protamine-induced leukotriene synthesis, arterial and venous constrictions, and lung edema. In addition, injection of LTC4 (1 microgram) markedly potentiated protamine-induced arterial and venous constrictions and caused lung edema similar to PAF/protamine. Indomethacin, a specific cyclooxygenase inhibitor, also reduced the vasoconstrictive and edemagenic responses to PAF/protamine. However, the pulmonary edema after LTC4/protamine was not blocked by indomethacin. In separate experiments, infusion of this "priming" dose of PAF into isolated perfused lungs induced LTC4 synthesis and augmented lung thromboxane A2 synthesis after arachidonic acid infusion. We conclude that both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism are involved in PAF-induced potentiation of protamine lung edema.
Consensus recommendations for standard investigative workup: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 3
Authors: Meletios Dimopoulos, Robert Kyle, Jean-Paul Fermand, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Jesus San Miguel, Asher Chanan-Khan, Heinz Ludwig, Douglas Joshua, Jayesh Mehta, Morie Gertz, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Meral Beksaç, Kenneth C. Anderson, Philippe Moreau, Seema Singhal, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Mario Boccadoro, Shaji Kumar, Sergio Giralt, Nikhil C. Munshi, Sundar Jagannath
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Detection of Nasopharynx Carcinoma in Technetium-99m (V) Dimercaptosuccinic Acid SPECT imaging
Authors: C H KAO, S J WANG, S P WEY, L H SHEN, G TING, S H YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Twenty-seven patients (24 men, 3 women; ages: 39-74 years) were diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx (NPC) as confirmed by pathologic findings of biopsies. In addition, three of the 27 patients had metastases to neck lymph nodes. The results of 2-4-hour SPECT images of the head and neck after intravenous injection of 15-20 mCi of Tc-99m (V) DMSA were compared with normal Tc-99m (V) DMSA images and CT of heads and necks. The results showed that of the 27 NPC cases, none of the patients had a significant uptake of Tc-99m (V) DMSA. However, in the three cases complicated with metastases of neck lymph nodes, the metastatic lesions could be detected by Tc-99m (V) DMSA. Our results challenge previous reports in which carcinomas of the head and neck were detected by Tc-99m (V) DMSA. The tumor-seeking agent Tc-99m (V) DMSA is not a good choice for the detection of NPC among malignancies of the head and neck.
Treatment of Congenital Deformities of the Hand and Forearm
Authors: Richard J. Smith, Robert W. Lipke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

(First of Two Parts)CONGENITAL deformities of the hand and forearm affect one child out of every 626 live births.1 Ten per cent of these infants have partial absence of the involved limb, with serious loss of function.2 To the geneticist and the pediatrician falls the task of determining the cause and pathogenesis of these deformities.3 4 5 6 The hand surgeon is challenged with correcting them.7 8 9 Treating a child with congenital deformities of the hand presents problems quite different from those of reconstructing the injured limb of an adult. A child is not a miniature adult. It is difficult to predict how . . .
Isozymic changes in myosin of human atrial myocardium induced by overload. Immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: H Tsuchimochi, M Sugi, M Kuro-o, S Ueda, F Takaku, S Furuta, T Shirai, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies specific for the heavy chains of either human atrial (HC alpha) or ventricular (HC beta) myosin was performed to clarify the distribution of each isozyme in normal as well as pressure-overloaded human hearts. In normal human ventricles, all muscle fibers were stained by a monoclonal antibody (HMC14) specific for HC beta, whereas a small number of fibers reacted with a monoclonal antibody (CMA19) specific for HC alpha. In contrast, in normal human atria, almost all muscle fibers were stained by CMA19, and a relatively larger number of muscle fibers also reacted with HMC14. Furthermore, in pressure-overloaded atria, muscle fibers reactive with HMC14 were strikingly increased while those reactive with CMA19 showed a corresponding decrease. The extent of this isozymic redistribution was in good correlation with atrial pressure. These results not only confirmed the existence of isoforms of myosin heavy chain in human hearts, but also demonstrated that redistribution of iso-myosins could occur as an adaptation to pressure overload.
Mental health problems of children in the community: 18 month follow up
Authors: R. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In a recent national survey, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents in Great Britain was more than 9%. 1 Parents and doctors commonly think that these disorders are transient, but longitudinal studies show otherwise. 2We followed up children from the national survey to examine persistence in a large sample of children in Britain.
The unique endocrine milieu of the fetus.
Authors: D A Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Table II summarizes in tabular form the major features of the fetal endocrine milieu discussed in the foregoing pages. The mammalian fetus develops in an environment where respiration, alimentation, and excretory functions are provided by the placenta. Fetal tissue metabolism is oriented largely to anabolism; body temperature is modulated by maternal metabolism, and fetal tissue thermogenesis is maintained at a basal level. Tissue and organ growth appear to be regulated by growth factors which probably function by autocrine or paracrine mechanisms during most of gestation (72, 146-148). In this milieu conventional endocrine control systems are largely redundant, and other transient systems more appropriate to the intrauterine environment have evolved. We have developed some insights into these systems, but much more information is necessary before we can truly understand this fascinating environment.
CONTEMPO '89: JAMA Continues to Offend the Omitted, Sexology Makes It Especially Disconcerting
Authors: Nancy J. Tarbell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have just finished reading the May 19 issue<sup>1</sup>of<i>JAMA</i>. This was the 10th annual series of the CONTEMPO issue. I found it to be excellent, with a nice synopsis of recent developments in various subspecialties of medicine. However, one major department was not represented. Radiation therapy has been a discipline in its own right for more than 20 years. Recently, there have been major advances, including the use of radiosurgery, the use of hyperthermia, and the use of radiation sensitizers in the treatment of malignancy, just to name a few. Unfortunately, none of the major advances or areas of interest were covered under oncology. The neurosurgery section briefly touched on radiosurgery but primarily for arteriovenous malformations and not for malignancies. Departments of radiation therapy, in fact, represent a larger specialty area than many of those represented in the CONTEMPO issue. Approximately 50% of patients
(2'-5') oligo adenylate synthetase activity in leucocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: R Stalnikowicz, K Goder, F Karmeli, C Fiocchi, D Rachmilewitz
Journal: Gut (1985)

The activity of an interferon induced enzyme, (29,59) oligo adenylate synthetase, was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and compared with its activity in cells isolated from normal subjects. In spite of the fact that circulating interferon is detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, we failed to see any increase in (29,59) oligo adenylate synthetase activity in these patients. The mean +/- SE enzyme activity given in nmol ATP incorporated into (29,59) isoadenylate oligomers by extracts of 10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells/21 hours was in normal subjects 1.84 +/- 0.30 (n = 27), in patients with active Crohn9s disease 1.38 +/- 0.15 (n = 20) and in patients with active ulcerative colitis 1.14 +/- 0.23 (n = 21). (29,59) oligo adenylate synthetase activity in granulocytes was also similar in normal subjects and in patients with active ulcerative colitis or Crohn9s disease. The enzyme activity in patients with active disease was similar both prior to and during steroid therapy. The low (29,59) oligo adenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes of patients with active inflammatory bowel disease may reflect decreased cellular response to interferon or a difference in the type of interferon elevated in viral diseases and in inflammatory bowel disease.
Translocation t(5;14)(q35;q32) in three cases of childhood T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a new recurring and cryptic abnormality
Authors: C Hélias, V Leymarie, N Entz-Werle, A Falkenrodt, D Eyer, J Aurich Costa, D Cherif, P Lutz, M Lessard
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
The Ends of Human Life: Medical Ethics in a Liberal Polity
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Most books in contemporary medical ethics are content to deal with hot topics: death and dying, birth technologies, abortion, human experimentation, or allocation of scarce resources. Only a few have attempted to provide a full-blown, integrated theory of medical ethics dealing with the basic questions of what it means for something to be ethical, what the ends of medicine are, and how an ethic in medicine should relate to the historical beliefs about ethics. Ezekiel Emanuel's new book should be added to that short list. He writes as a political philosopher who is also a practicing oncologist and provides an important new formulation of ethics in medicine. He avoids the topical focus in part because he rejects the idea that our problems in medical ethics today stem from new developments in technology. Rather, he traces them to the failure of liberal political philosophy. One of the tenets of that tradition
The fate of intravenously injected endotoxin in normal rats and in rats with liver failure
Authors: Akimasa Nakao, Shigemi Taki, Motoshi Yasui, Yasunori Kimura, Toshiaki Nonami, Akio Harada, Hiroshi Takagi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The elimination of endotoxin from the blood was studied in rats with D-galactosamine-induced liver failure and in normal controls after intravenous injection of various doses of endotoxin. Endotoxin was found to localize in liver tissue by immunohistochemical staining with factor C, which is derived from amebocyte lysate of the horseshoe crab and which reacts specifically with endotoxin. Before injection, the blood endotoxin concentrations were normal both in control rats and in rats with liver failure. The blood concentrations of endotoxin were significantly higher after intravenous injection of endotoxin in the D-galactosamine-induced liver failure group (p&lt;0.05) and decreased much more slowly (p&lt;0.05). Endotoxin concentrations were also significantly higher after in vitro incubation with plasma from rats with liver failure (p&lt;0.05). After intravenous injection of endotoxin (1 mg/kg), endothelial and Kupffer cells in the liver sinusoids were positively stained for endotoxin in the control group, but not stained or faintly stained in the liver failure group. Endotoxemia in liver failure thus results from reduced inactivation of endotoxin in plasma and from impaired hepatic clearance. (Hepatology 1994;19:1251-1256.)
1028-167 A synergistic interaction between premature family history of coronary heart disease and metabolic risk factors enhances risk of subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Joel B Braunstein, John A Rumberger, Darshan Dalal, Matthew J Buddoff, Wendy S Post, Roger S Blumenthal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Internist in the Management of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Charlotte Jacobs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

The general internist has an important role in the management of head and neck squamous cell cancers. This heterogeneous group of cancers must be accurately diagnosed and staged before planning treatment. Curability is directly related to stage at presentation and, because most patients with such cancers present to internists first, these physicians must be familiar with presenting symptoms and must be suspicious enough to refer patients with symptoms for appropriate evaluation. The work-up of patients with suspected unknown primary cancer presenting as adenopathy is detailed, and the physician is cautioned not to immediately proceed to open biopsy. As many as 10% of such primary cancers remain undetected, although, with proper therapy, the 5-year survival rate for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck is 60%. Those patients cured of head and neck cancer still face significant psychosocial and medical problems, including hypothyroidism, xerostomia, and a 20% rate of second primary cancer. Head and neck cancer is highly preventable; 75% of cases are related to tobacco and alcohol use. Smokeless tobacco has gained popularity among young Americans and is associated with an increased incidence of head and neck cancer at several sites. Education is crucial, and internists must seek strategies to stop patients from using tobacco products. Other etiologic factors include industrial carcinogens, Epstein-Barr virus, and diet. Retrospective serologic and dietary recall studies of vitamin A suggest an etiologic role of diet; vitamin A analogs have been tested in preneoplastic lesions. To reduce mortality from head and neck cancers, the general internist must play a central role in prevention and early detection.
Effect of Pressor Amines on Myocardial Blood Flow in Dogs
Authors: Max Harry Weil
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the report by Dunn and coworkers on the "Effect of Pressor Amines on Myocardial Blood Flow in the Dog" (<i>JAMA</i><b>178</b>:1090 [Dec. 16] 1961), description of the method and detail is lucid. However, the quantitative results on which the authors' conclusions are based are not presented. Having had a continuing investigational interest in the subject of this paper, I am inclined to examine the work with some care, especially since the conclusion is reached that metaraminol, a preferred vasopressor agent in our clinic, is not as effective in this regard as norepinephrine. The findings are also at variance with the published observations of Denison, Bardhanabaedya, and Green (<i>Circulat Res</i><b>4</b>:653, 1956) who found no essential difference during studies with epinephrine and norepinephrine. All of the quantitative data is presented on a graph containing 4 smoothed curves. This graph is stated to be a "composite"
The Physician's Career
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Medical practice involves a great deal more than treating individual patients. It has intimate connections with sociology and ethics, public health, professional and interpersonal relationships, economics, political philosophy, and many "nonscientific" branches of knowledge. The present book recognizes the importance of these aspects and provides a systematic coverage. The volume is in no way a text. It is an expanded and well-fleshed outline, which in part indicates the current problems and in part provides factual information. The book has two major divisions. The first, "The Practice of Medicine," indicates how diverse are the activities of physicians. There are many different patterns of medical practice; licensing requirements are quite varied, as are the problems of accreditation. The health professions have an amazing complexity, and without the accessory personnel, modern medicine could not exist. The book presents formal expressions of medical ethics and what constitutes proper or improper behavior. It discusses hospital
Waiting-lists for Tonsillectomy
Authors: C. Hamblen-Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1951)

The aim of this review was to assess the workload of theatres in the role 3 Multinational Field Hospital in Kandahar, Afghanistan and to identify what period of day most emergency admissions arrived. During the period 05 August 2006 to 21 December 2006, 288 operations were performed on 259 patients and comprised 393 individually quantifiable procedures. 98% of these operations were to treat acute injuries. Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons were involved in 24% of operations. 63% of procedures done at these operations involved upper or lower limbs, 19% the head and neck and 18% involved the torso. An analysis of emergency admissions in November 2006 showed thatmost occurred between 18.00 andmidnight. Although theatre timetabling made provision for this, whenever possible, elective surgery was scheduled for the following morning when emergency injury admissions were at their lowest.
Scurvy and Hemarthrosis
Authors: Frederick A. Bevelaqua
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Scurvy developed in a 56-year-old man with poor dietary intake and was associated with knee hemarthroses and synovial thickening. The synovial membrane showed interstitial hemorrhage and many large fibroblasts but little collagen and some disarray of vascular basement membrane. Hemarthroses and all knee symptoms completely resolved on a normal diet. To our knowledge, these are the first electron-microscopic studies of synovial membrane in human scurvy, and our findings support a defect in collagen synthesis as a factor in etiology. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1874-1876, 1976)
Lithium Prophylaxis of Corticotropin-lnduced Psychosis
Authors: William E. Falk
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Corticotropin is one of the few accepted treatments for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis and retrobulbar neuritis. Psychosis is a serious side effect usually necessitating discontinuation of the drug therapy. Because mood disorders preponderated in most patients previously described with this psychosis, 27 patients were empirically treated with lithium carbonate concurrently with corticotropin. In none of the patients treated with lithium did a psychotic reaction occur, although in a comparable group of 44 patients previously treated identically with corticotropin but without lithium, six (14%) became psychotic. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1011-1012, 1979)
Sex Differences in Osteoporosis in Older Adults With Non—Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the association of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with bone mineral density (BMD). <h3>Design.</h3> —A survey of men and women from an established epidemiologic cohort who were separately screened for diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test between 1984 and 1987 and for osteopenia by BMD measured in 1988-1989. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A community-based population of older adults, Rancho Bernardo, Calif. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The first 627 consecutively seen white men and women aged 55 to 88 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Bone density measured by single photon absorptiometry at the ultradistal wrist and midradius and by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Among the 236 men and 391 women, whose average age was 72 years, 41 men and 39 women had NIDDM, 56 men and 110 women had impaired glucose tolerance, and 139 men and 242 women had normal glucose tolerance. Men with diabetes had BMD levels similar to those men with normal glucose tolerance, whereas women with diabetes had significantly higher BMD levels at all sites than women with normal glucose tolerance. The increased bone density in diabetic women was unexplained by age, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, regular physical activity, and the use of diuretics and estrogen. The multiply adjusted mean BMD in women with NIDDM compared with normoglycemic women was 0.600 g/cm<sup>2</sup>vs 0.548 g/cm<sup>2</sup>at the midradius; 0.265 g/cm<sup>2</sup>vs 0.230 g/cm<sup>2</sup>at the ultradistal wrist; 0.654 g/cm<sup>2</sup>vs 0.610 g/cm<sup>2</sup>at the femoral neck; and 0.962 g/cm<sup>2</sup>vs 0.859 g/cm<sup>2</sup>at the spine. The sex differences were unexplained by survivor bias, prior obesity, or duration of diabetes. Differences were seen in women (but not men) whose diabetes was first detected at the screening evaluation, ie, before drug or dietary treatment. Similarly, in women (but not men) without diabetes increasing BMD levels at all four sites were associated with increasing postchallenge glucose levels independent of age and body mass index. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Older women with NIDDM or hyperglycemia had better BMD than women with normal glucose tolerance, independent of differences in obesity and many other risk factors. No differences in bone density by diabetic status were observed in men. We hypothesize that the sex differences may be explained by the greater androgenicity reported in women with hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic conditions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3333-3337)
Cholinesterases in neural development: new findings and toxicologic implications.
Authors: S Brimijoin, C Koenigsberger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Developing animals are more sensitive than adults to acute cholinergic toxicity from anticholinesterases, including organophosphorus pesticides, when administered in a laboratory setting. It is also possible that these agents adversely affect the process of neural development itself, leading to permanent deficits in the architecture of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent observations indicate that organophosphorus exposure can affect DNA synthesis and cell survival in neonatal rat brain. New evidence that acetylcholinesterase may have a direct role in neuronal differentiation provides additional grounds for interest in the developmental toxicity of anticholinesterases. For example, correlative anatomic studies show that transient bursts of acetylcholinesterase expression often coincide with periods of axonal outgrowth in maturing avian, rodent, and primate brain. Some selective cholinesterase inhibitors effectively suppress neurite outgrowth in model systems like differentiating neuroblastoma cells and explanted sensory ganglia. When enzyme expression is altered by genetic engineering, acetylcholinesterase levels on the outer surface of transfected neurons correlate with ability to extend neurites. Certain of these "morphogenic" effects may depend on protein-protein interactions rather than catalytic acetylcholinesterase activity. Nonetheless, it remains possible that some pesticides interfere with important developmental functions of the cholinesterase enzyme family.