tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Etiology of Psoriasis
Authors: B. Squire
Journal: BMJ (1873)

were quagmires.The castle of Stirling was abandoned to its fate, and the army dispersed until the summer of I300 A. D., when it reassembled at Berwick, and, under the king's command, made some ineffectual incursions of Galloway.The "wardrobe accounts" show that De Belvaco, "cirurgus regis," with his "socii," was present with the army in the fall of I299, and that De Kenle, "physicus regis," was then at Caversham, by the king's command, in attendance on his daughter, the Countess of Gloucester, in childbed.In September and October, 1301 A.D., the "valletti " of De Kenle were with the army in Scotland, and thus we know that the medical staff of the army in 1200-1300 A.D., comprised both physicians and surgeons.In comparing the estimate set on medical services at various periods of history, it is of interest to note that the physician and surgeon of the army then received the same daily pay as the Admiral of the fleet-the first of that rank in English history-and their subordinates the same as the captains of the ships composing the fleet.This is an outline of the
Defective thrombus formation in mice lacking coagulation factor XII
Authors: Thomas Renné, Miroslava Pozgajová, Sabine Grüner, Kai Schuh, Hans-Ulrich Pauer, Peter Burfeind, David Gailani, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Blood coagulation is thought to be initiated by plasma protease factor VIIa in complex with the membrane protein tissue factor. In contrast, coagulation factor XII (FXII)–mediated fibrin formation is not believed to play an important role for coagulation in vivo. We used FXII-deficient mice to study the contributions of FXII to thrombus formation in vivo. Intravital fluorescence microscopy and blood flow measurements in three distinct arterial beds revealed a severe defect in the formation and stabilization of platelet-rich occlusive thrombi. Although FXII-deficient mice do not experience spontaneous or excessive injury-related bleeding, they are protected against collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism. Infusion of human FXII into FXII-null mice restored injury-induced thrombus formation. These unexpected findings change the long-standing concept that the FXII-induced intrinsic coagulation pathway is not important for clotting in vivo. The results establish FXII as essential for thrombus formation, and identify FXII as a novel target for antithrombotic therapy.
Authors defend their study to develop tool to predict falls in elderly people
Authors: P T Seed, D Oliver, F C Martin, A H Hopper
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Altman1 has raised several valid points regarding our study to develop and assess a tool for predicting falls in elderly people (STRATIFY).2 As he says, we sought a practical measure that would be simple to use and yet powerful enough to guide nursing practice in the daily care of elderly people. STRATIFY is based on five factors that predict falls in hospital: falls as the presenting complaint, visual impairment, agitation, need for frequent toileting, and a combined Barthel transfer and mobility score of 3 …
Down-regulation of BRCA1 in BCR-ABL–expressing hematopoietic cells
Authors: Eric Deutsch, Sylvie Jarrousse, Dorothée Buet, Aymeric Dugray, Marie-Laure Bonnet, Marie-Catherine Vozenin-Brotons, François Guilhot, Ali G. Turhan, Jean Feunteun, Jean Bourhis
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Heart in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: E. Carwile LeRoy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Scleroderma is well characterized as a fibrotic disorder that is either localized or generalized in extent; when it is localized it is called morphea, or linear scleroderma, and there are essentially no systemic implications; when it is generalized, the term "systemic sclerosis" is used, and the target organs are the skin, gut, lungs, heart, and kidneys.1 Three types of generalized scleroderma can be distinguished: diffuse systemic sclerosis, and two types of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (sclerodactyly and acrosclerosis). Patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (20 per cent) may be identified by the simultaneous onset of vasospastic (Raynaud's phenomenon) and cutaneous (puffy, . . .
BSEP andMDR3 haplotype structure in healthy Caucasians, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Christiane Pauli-Magnus, Reinhold Kerb, Karin Fattinger, Thomas Lang, Birgit Anwald, Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick, Ulrich Beuers, Peter J. Meier
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are characterized by a cholestatic pattern of liver damage, also observed in hereditary or acquired dysfunction of the canalicular membrane transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP, ABCB11 ) and multidrug resistance protein type 3 (MDR3, ABCB4 ). Controversy exists whether a genetically determined dysfunction of BSEP and MDR3 plays a pathogenic role in PBC and PSC. Therefore, 149 healthy Caucasian control individuals (control group) were compared to 76 PBC and 46 PSC patients with respect to genetic variations in BSEP and MDR3 . Sequencing spanned ˜10,000 bp including promoter and coding regions as well as 50-350 bp of flanking intronic regions. In all, 46 and 45 variants were identified in BSEP and MDR3 , respectively. No differences between the groups were detected either in the total number of variants ( BSEP : control group: 37, PBC: 37, PSC: 31; and MDR3 : control group: 35; PBC: 32, PSC: 30), or in the allele frequency of the common variable sites. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in haplotype distribution and linkage disequilibrium. In conclusion, this study provides an analysis of BSEP and MDR3 variant segregation and haplotype structure in a Caucasian population. Although an impact of rare variants on BSEP and MDR3 function cannot be ruled out, our data do not support a strong role of BSEP and MDR3 genetic variations in the pathogenesis of PBC and PSC. (Hepatology 2004;39:779-791.)
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Caused by 6-Thioguanine
Authors: ROBERT A. GILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Clinically reversible veno-occlusive disease of the liver developed in a 23-year-old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia after 10 months of maintenance therapy with 6-thioguanine. Serial liver biopsies showed the development and resolution of intense sinusoidal engorgement. Although this disease was clinically reversible, some subintimal fibrosis about the terminal hepatic veins persisted. This case presented a unique opportunity to observe the histologic features of clinically reversible hepatic veno-occlusive disease over time, and may be the first case of veno-occlusive disease related solely to 6-thioguanine.
Abstract 445: Fibroblast-recruited, tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells stimulate mammary cancer metastasis through RANKL-RANK signaling
Authors: Amy Strasner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inflammatory mechanisms influence tumor development and metastatic progression. Of interest is the role of such mechanisms in metastatic spread of tumors whose etiology does not involve pre-existing inflammation or infection, such as breast and prostate cancers. We found that prostate cancer metastasis is associated with lymphocyte infiltration into advanced tumors and elevated expression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and lymphotoxin (LT). But the source of RANKL and its role in metastasis were not established. RANKL and its receptor RANK control proliferation of mammary lobuloalveolar cells during pregnancy through activation of IκB kinase α(IKKα), a protein kinase that is required for self-renewal of mammary cancer progenitors and prostate cancer metastasis. We therefore examined whether RANKL, RANK and IKKα are also involved in mammary/breast cancer metastasis. Indeed, RANK signaling in mammary carcinoma cells that overexpress the ErbB2 (c-Neu) proto-oncogene, which is frequently amplified in metastatic human breast cancers, was important for pulmonary metastasis. Metastatic spread of ErbB2-transformed carcinoma cells was also dependent on CD4+CD25+ T cells, whose major pro-metastatic function appeared to be RANKL production. RANKL-producing T cells were mainly FoxP3+ and found in close proximity to smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive stromal cells in mouse and human breast cancers. The T cell-dependence of pulmonary metastasis was replaced by administration of exogenous RANKL, a procedure that also stimulated pulmonary metastasis of RANK-positive human breast carcinoma cells. These results are consistent with the adverse prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ or FoxP3+ T cells on human breast cancer, and suggest that targeting of RANKL-RANK signaling can be used in conjunction with other therapies to prevent subsequent metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 445. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-445
THE CELL SURFACE COAT OF NORMAL KERATINOCYTES AND OF ACANTHOLYTIC KERATINOCYTES IN PEMPHIGUS AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY*
Authors: KEN HASHIMOTO, WALTER F. LEVER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article THE CELL SURFACE COAT OF NORMAL KERATINOCYTES AND OF ACANTHOLYTIC KERATINOCYTES IN PEMPHIGUS AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY Get access KEN HASHIMOTO, KEN HASHIMOTO Division of Dermatology, University of Tennessee, and Veterans Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Hashimoto); and Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (Dr Lever) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALTER F. LEVER WALTER F. LEVER Division of Dermatology, University of Tennessee, and Veterans Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (Dr Hashimoto); and Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (Dr Lever) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 2, 1 August 1970, Pages 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15701.x Published: 01 August 1970
Familial Hypocalcemia — Not Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: David Heath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Familial benign hypercalcemia, also known as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, was first identified clinically when patients thought to have primary hyperparathyroidism whose condition did not improve after neck surgery were found to have relatives with hypercalcemia, thus suggesting a dominantly inherited condition.1 Unlike the index patient, the other affected family members were almost invariably asymptomatic.2,3 Although there were minor differences in serum and urinary biochemical values, such as lower urinary calcium excretion, in these patients as compared with patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the two conditions have many similarities. The main danger of familial benign hypercalcemia is an unnecessary parathyroidectomy. The subsequent . . .
TRENDS IN INCIDENCE AND OUTCOMES OF POSTINFARCTION INTRACARDIAC MURAL THROMBUS IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE 2003-2011
Authors: Tanush Gupta, Prakash Harikrishnan, Dhaval Kolte, Sahil Khera, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Wilbert Aronow, Marjan Mujib, Diwakar Jain, Sachin Sule, Ali Ahmed, Gregg Lanier, Howard Cooper, Gregg Fonarow, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Geneticist found guilty in baby selling scheme
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The prominent Hungarian geneticist Dr Endre Czeizel was found guilty in a Budapest court last week of four counts of being an accessory in a transatlantic infant adoption scheme in violation of Hungary's Family Act.

Dr Czeizel was given an 18 month prison sentence, suspended for two years. Under the Hungarian Criminal Code he faced up to eight years behind bars. Eight codefendants were also found guilty of participating in the operation. Six were given suspended sentences ranging from three months to two years, and two were given reprimands.

The defendants …
Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1989)

John Money is a psychologist who has done extensive research in the area of gender role and gender identity. In his introduction, he states that he wrote this book to summarize the findings of his work on the sexology of sexual orientation, or "what determines that some children grow up to become homosexual, whereas others become bisexual or heterosexual." Additionally, he presents strong opinions on, among other things, cultural attitudes toward sex, pornography, and the treatment of sex offenders. His writing sometimes has an edge that apparently arises from the author's political battles (referred to in the introduction) and from the vehemence of his beliefs. However, he scatters a great deal of information through the book, addresses a number of controversial issues, and makes some interesting points. The book is divided into four chapters: "Prenatal Hormones and Brain Dimorphism," "Gender Coding," "Gender Cross-coding," and "Lovemaps and Paraphilias," as well as
The Metabolic Profile of Tumors Depends on Both the Responsible Genetic Lesion and Tissue Type
Authors: Mariia O. Yuneva, Teresa W.M. Fan, Thaddeus D. Allen, Richard M. Higashi, Dana V. Ferraris, Takashi Tsukamoto, José M. Matés, Francisco J. Alonso, Chunmei Wang, Youngho Seo, Xin Chen, J. Michael Bishop
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Fulminant Hepatitis E in Japan
Authors: Kazuyuki Suzuki, Tatsuya Aikawa, Hiroaki Okamoto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (Women's CARE) Study, Marchbanks et al. (June 27 issue) 1 carefully verified previous investigations showing that there is no association between combination oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer among women older than 45 years of age. 2 However, when data from women 35 to 44 years old are combined for analysis, the risk of breast cancer associated with recent use of oral contraceptives may not be fully apparent among the youngest women.The investigators report that they found a higher risk of breast cancer among the women 35 to 39 years old than among the older women.However, because the risk of breast cancer associated with recent oral-contraceptive use is greatest among very young women, 2 and may be twice that among nonusers in some subgroups, 2,3 closer examination of the women 35 to 39 years old in this study is warranted.Although oral-contraceptive use does not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer among older women, the findings need to be interpreted within the context of risk over the course of a lifetime.For example, oral contraceptives may cause nascent tumors to become clinically evident earlier in women who use contraceptives than in those who do not.Consequently, oral-contraceptive users in whom cancer does not develop at a young age (e.g., before the age of 40 years) may be less susceptible at older ages to the promotional effects of oral contraceptives.The results of the Women's CARE Study sparked media reports that oral contraceptives should no longer be considered a risk factor for breast can-cer, when in fact there may be some evidence that recent use increases risk in very young women.
Acquired Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Due to Autoantibodies against the Calcium-Sensing Receptor
Authors: J. Carl Pallais, Olga Kifor, Yi-Bin Chen, David Slovik, Edward M. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A complex homeostatic system involving the interplay of bone, the kidneys, and the intestines maintains extracellular calcium levels within a relatively narrow range. This article describes a patient with autoimmune hyperparathyroidism and hypocalciuric hypercalcemia caused by IgG4 autoantibodies directed against the calcium-sensing receptor. The patient's hypercalcemia and elevated parathyroid hormone levels responded to the administration of glucocorticoids.
Effect of sodium butyrate on lymphocyte activation
Authors: D Kyner, P Zabos, J Christman, G Acs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Butyrate, in relatively low concentrations, has been shown to induce synthesis of enzymes, cause changes in cell morphology, and inhibit growth of a variety of mammalian cells in tissue culture (reviewed in [1]). In this communication, we report our observations on the effect of butyrate on lymphocyte activation. Butyrate completely and reversibly inhibits mitogen-induced blast formation. We present evidence that it does not interfere with the binding of mitogens, that it does not inhibit a number of the early reactions involved in activation, and that it does not affect ongoing DNA synthesis for an extended period of time. However, butyrate rapidly inhibits any increase in the rate of DNA synthesis.
The destruction of a welfare service
Authors: D. C Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

this does not mean that I avoid the peer review process, as was implied.Dr Lawrence and col- leagues also choose to disregard the evidence I put forward in favour of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation but raise the controversial (and again not physical) point of drug treatment.In summary, they are mistaken to state that there is no evidence for benefit from physical treatments.In my view the BMJ7 rightly and courageously took up the much neglected subject of physical therapy.
Impact of ABO-Incompatible Listing on Wait-List Outcomes Among Infants Listed for Heart Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Christopher S. Almond, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Ravi R. Thiagarajan, Gary E. Piercey, Elizabeth D. Blume, Leslie B. Smoot, Francis Fynn-Thompson, Tajinder P. Singh
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The purported advantage of ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) listing is to reduce wait times and wait-list mortality among infants awaiting heart transplantation. We sought to describe recent trends in ABO-I listing for US infants and to determine the impact of ABO-I listing on wait times and wait-list mortality.In this multicenter retrospective cohort study using Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data, infants<12 months of age listed for heart transplantation between 1999 and 2008 (n=1331) were analyzed. Infants listed for an ABO-I transplant were compared with a propensity score-matched cohort listed for an ABO-compatible transplant through the use of a Cox shared-frailty model. The primary end point was time to heart transplantation. The percentage of eligible infants listed for an ABO-I heart increased from 0% before 2002 to 53% in 2007 (P<0.001 for trend). Compared with infants listed exclusively for an ABO-compatible heart, infants with a primary ABO-I listing strategy (n=235) were more likely to be listed 1A, to have congenital heart disease and renal failure, and to require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. For the propensity score-matched groups (n=197 matched pairs), there was no difference in wait-list mortality; however, infants with blood type O assigned an ABO-I listing strategy were more likely to undergo heart transplantation by 30 days (31% versus 16%; P=0.007) with a less pronounced effect for infants with other blood types.The proportion of US infants listed for an ABO-I heart transplantation has risen dramatically in recent years but still appears to be preferentially used for sicker infant candidates. The ABO-I listing strategy is associated with a higher likelihood of transplantation within 30 days for infants with blood group O and may benefit a broader range of transplantation candidates.
Tight computerized versus conventional glucose control in the ICU: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pierre Kalfon, Bruno Giraudeau, Carole Ichai, Alexandre Guerrini, Nicolas Brechot, Raphaël Cinotti, Pierre-François Dequin, Béatrice Riu-Poulenc, Philippe Montravers, Djilalli Annane, Hervé Dupont, Michel Sorine, Bruno Riou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Metered-Dose Inhalers: Mouth Open or Closed?-Reply
Authors: Michael J. Tidd
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Newman that the open-mouth or spacer technique is an effective method of using an MDI; however, we disagree with the description of the closed-mouth technique as being incorrect. In a review of MDIs in asthma treatment, Tinkelman et al<sup>1</sup>stated that both open- and closed-mouth techniques have
Thioredoxin 1 Negatively Regulates Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Upregulation of miR-98/let-7
Authors: Yanfei Yang, Tetsuro Ago, Peiyong Zhai, Maha Abdellatif, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Thioredoxin (Trx)1 inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that downregulate posttranscriptional expression of target molecules.We investigated the role of miRNAs in mediating the antihypertrophic effect of Trx1 on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.Microarray analyses of mature rodent microRNAs and quantitative RT-PCR/Northern blot analyses showed that Trx1 upregulates members of the let-7 family, including miR-98, in the heart and the cardiomyocytes therein. Adenovirus-mediated expression of miR-98 in cardiomyocytes reduced cell size both at baseline and in response to Ang II. Knockdown of miR-98, and of other members of the let-7 family, augmented Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated Trx1-mediated inhibition of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that endogenous miR-98/let-7 mediates the antihypertrophic effect of Trx1. Cyclin D2 is one of the predicted targets of miR-98. Ang II significantly upregulated cyclin D2, which in turn plays an essential role in mediating Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, whereas overexpression of Trx1 inhibited Ang II-induced upregulation of cyclin D2. miR-98 decreased both expression of cyclin D2 and the activity of a cyclin D2 3'UTR luciferase reporter, suggesting that both Trx1 and miR-98 negatively regulate cyclin D2. Overexpression of cyclin D2 attenuated the suppression of Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by miR-98, suggesting that the antihypertrophic actions of miR-98 are mediated in part by downregulation of cyclin D2.These results suggest that Trx1 upregulates expression of the let-7 family, including miR-98, which in turn inhibits cardiac hypertrophy, in part through downregulation of cyclin D2.
Most leading US medical schools lack rules on ghostwriting
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A survey of the top 50 US medical schools found that only 13 have policies prohibiting ghostwriting of scientific articles, a new report has found.

Last year the US Institute of Medicine recommended that US academic medical centres prohibit ghostwriting by their teaching staff.

One of the paper’s coauthors, Jeffrey Lacasse, from Arizona State University in Phoenix, told the BMJ , “This is one of the most pressing problems in evidence based medicine . . . Nobody has ever been sanctioned [for cooperating in ghostwriting].”

The authors wrote, “Even beyond frank misrepresentation of data, commercially driven ghostwritten articles shape the medical literature . …