tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HCV RNA detection by TMA during the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis (Halt-C) trial
Authors: Chihiro Morishima, Timothy R. Morgan, James E. Everhart, Elizabeth C. Wright, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Gregory T. Everson, Karen L. Lindsay, Anna S. F. Lok, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, William M. Lee, Jules L. Dienstag, Marc G. Ghany, David R. Gretch
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

For making treatment decisions related to chronic hepatitis C, the utility of HCV RNA tests with increased sensitivity has not been defined. Prior interferon nonresponders with advanced fibrosis (n = 1,145) were retreated with peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin. Patients who were HCV RNA-negative by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay (Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV Test, v. 2.0; lower limit of detection [LOD] 100 IU/mL) at week 20 (W20) received treatment for 48 weeks. Stored specimens were tested using the Bayer VERSANT HCV RNA Qualitative (TMA) Assay (LOD 9.6 IU/mL) and compared to PCR results for the ability to predict sustained virological response (SVR; defined as undetectable HCV RNA by PCR at W72). Nearly all PCR-positive samples (1006/1007, 99.9%) were positive as assessed by TMA. Among 1,294 PCR-negative samples, 22% were TMA-positive. Negative TMA results were more predictive of SVR than were negative PCR results at W12 (82% vs. 64%, P < .001) and at W20 (66% vs. 52%, P = 0.001). SVR was more likely the earlier TMA had become negative during treatment (82% at W12, 44% at W20, 20% at W24). Among 45 patients who were TMA-positive but were PCR-negative at W20 and W24, none achieved SVR (95% CI: 0%-8%). Approximately 10% of patients with a single positive TMA result at the end of treatment still achieved SVR. In conclusion, negative TMA results at or after W12 were superior to negative PCR results for predicting SVR. In patients with negative PCR results during treatment, a single positive TMA test did not exclude SVR, although persistently positive tests did.
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale in U.K. English for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Debbie Cooke, Mary Clare O’Hara, Naomi Beinart, Simon Heller, Roberto La Marca, Molly Byrne, Peter Mansell, Sean F. Dinneen, Marie Clark, Rod Bond, Jane Speight
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To develop a linguistically and psychometrically validated U.K. English (U.K./Ireland) version of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) for adults with type 1 diabetes.
Genetic determinants of response and survival in momelotinib-treated patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: A Pardanani, R A Abdelrahman, C Finke, T T Lasho, K H Begna, A Al-Kali, W J Hogan, M R Litzow, C A Hanson, R P Ketterling, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Somatic mutations (for example, CALR, ASXL1) and karyotype have been shown to independently influence survival in patients with myelofibrosis (MF).1, 2 The objectives of the current study were to determine if such genetic markers also influence treatment response in MF patients receiving single agent momelotinib and whether such therapy overcomes the detrimental effect of prognostically relevant mutations in MF. Momelotinib is a Janus kinase (JAK)-1/2 inhibitor currently being evaluated in phase-3MF clinical trials (NCT01969838, NCT02101268). In an earlier phase-1/2 study (n=166), the drug was shown to improve anemia (53% response rate), reduce spleen size (39% response rate) and alleviate constitutional symptoms (>50% response rate) in MF patients.3 The current study considers 100 consecutive patients, who were part of the aforementioned phase-1/2 study and received momelotinib therapy at the Mayo Clinic.
Role of ephrinB2 in nonproductive angiogenesis induced by Delta-like 4 blockade
Authors: Shinsuke Yamanda, Satoru Ebihara, Masanori Asada, Tatsuma Okazaki, Kaijun Niu, Takae Ebihara, Akemi Koyanagi, Noriko Yamaguchi, Hideo Yagita, Hiroyuki Arai
Journal: Blood (2009)
Recurrent Hypercalciuric Nephrolithiasis — Does Diet Help?
Authors: David A. Bushinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Kidney stones have a lifetime incidence of up to 13 percent in North America.1 In the United States, this disorder was responsible for an estimated 1.32 million visits to physicians in 1995 and for $1.83 billion in health care costs in 1993.2 In at least 70 percent of cases, the stones consist of calcium oxalate crystals, often with calcium phosphate or sodium urate.3,4 Kidney stones generally form only in urine that is markedly supersaturated with respect to a solid phase.5 Heterogeneous nucleation, in which the initial ion complex is attached to a foreign surface, occurs more often and at . . .
Child Abuse and Neglect: What Happens Eventually
Authors: E. Thomas Sproles
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This 209-page book is an excellent resource for those interested in the maltreatment of children. Essentially, it is a detailed look at two specific components of the child-abuse spectrum— physical abuse and nonorganic failure to thrive. Representative of the 11 chapters are "Growth Failure and Emotional Deprivation," "The Causes of Child Abuse," and "Development of the Abused Child." Each chapter is copiously and currently referenced. The book highlights problems that exist in the current management of children and their families. In the midst of our fixation on parent-oriented intervention, the author presents an analytic and critical review of the literature on long-term follow-up. He identifies inadequacies and deficiencies and makes clear the need for a shift of emphasis to a child-centered therapeutic approach. The first of two parts provides background information and a review of the status of research in the field. The second is devoted to the author's longitudinal
Recent advances in de novo CD5<sup>+</sup> diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Preetesh Jain, Luis E. Fayad, Andreas Rosenwald, Ken H. Young, Susan O'Brien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Various subsets of DLBCL are distinguished based on molecular and immunohistochemical features. CD5 expressing DLBCL (CD5+ DLBCL) is increasingly recognized as a subtype of DLBCL with an aggressive disease course. Primary CD5+ DLBCL comprises approximately 5–10% of DLBCL. Few studies of CD5+ DLBCL have been reported, primarily from Japan. Publications covered in this review include articles published on PubMed and abstracts from major international conferences until April 2013. Common features of patients with CD5+ DLBCL are older age, female preponderance, elevated LDH, more extra‐nodal involvement, poor performance status (PS), higher incidence of CNS involvement, inferior response to rituximab‐containing regimens (as compared to CD5‐ DLBCL) and advanced stage. The majority of these cases belong to the activated B cell subtype (ABC) of DLBCL. It is unclear whether CD5 expression in malignant B cells may confer chemo resistance, upregulate antiapoptotic signals and alter the microenvironment. Molecular techniques have helped in understanding CD5+ DLBCL. Gene expression signature was similar in ABC‐DLBCL and CD5+ DLBCL in some studies. Despite the better characterization treatment outcomes are poor and additional studies are needed. Am. J. Hematol. 88:798–802, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biopsy diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma based on new morphologic criteria
Authors: Fukuo Kondo, Katsunori Wada, Yoshinobu Nagato, Tohru Nakajima, Yoichiro Kondo, Noboru Hirooka, Masaaki Ebara, Masao Ohto, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Nodular hepatic lesions detected in 123 patients with chronic liver diseases were subjected to ultrasonically guided needle biopsy. Of these, 94 cases were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma of a moderately or poorly differentiated type with classical histologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. In 14 cases in whom hepatocytes had minimal atypical changes and were mostly of normotrabecular arrangement (one to two cells thick), a diagnosis of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was made on the basis of the following three histologic criteria: nuclear crowding, increased cytoplasmic basophilia and microacinar formation. The nodules which showed two or more of these findings were diagnosed as well-differentiated HCC. The diagnoses of these 14 cases were subsequently confirmed by clinical course, histology in the resected specimen and/or autopsy findings. The nodules that presented similar but equivocal changes were arbitrarily categorized as borderline lesions (five cases). The nodules showing the findings almost identical with those of pseudolobules were regarded as benign, large regenerative nodules (nine cases). The remaining one case had a hemangioma. Thus, these three histologic criteria proved to be useful in the biopsy diagnosis of nodular hepatic lesions, with certain limitations. Additionally, the majority of large regenerative nodules, borderline lesions and well-differentiated HCCs were found to be smaller than 2 cm.
The Automated External Defibrillator
Authors: Hannah England, Paul S. Weinberg, N. A. Mark Estes
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review Heart Failure: Scientific principles and clinical practice Edited by Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Wilson S. Colucci, Barry M. Massie, Kanu Chatterjee, and Andrew J.S. Coats. 929 pp., illustrated. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1997. $135. 0-443-07501-8
Authors: Arnold M. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Role of kinins and angiotensin II type 2 receptors in the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in Brown Norway kininogen- deficient rats
Authors: Yun-He Liu, Xiao-Ping Yang, Ai-Li Yu, Edward G. Shesely, Oscar A. Carretero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Service redesign should be tested as rigorously as new treatments, NHS chief says
Authors: T. Moberly
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Changes in service delivery should be subjected to the same rigorous testing as new treatments undergo, NHS England’s chief executive, Simon Stevens, has argued.

Speaking at the NHS Confederation’s annual conference in Liverpool on Wednesday 4 June, Stevens said that the NHS “should be rigorously pro-research” and suggested that such an approach could enable the NHS to become a world leader in health service innovation.

The NHS had a poor record of evaluating service changes, he told delegates. The service now needed to “accelerate the redesign of care delivery” through “some well controlled experimentation.” He explained, …
130 THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR B-1 POLYMORPHISM IN THE FIBROSIS PROGRESSION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HCV-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: D. Eurich, M. Schmeding, M. Bahra, S. Boas-Knoop, J. Lock, J. Golembus, R. Neuhaus, P. Neuhaus, U.P. Neumann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Evaluation of Left Atrial Mechanical Functions and Atrial Conduction Abnormalities in Maras Powder (Smokeless Tobacco) Users and Smokers
Authors: Muhammet Naci Aydın, Ahmet Akçay, Gurkan Acar, Mehmet Akgungor, Eren Cabioglu, Bulent Mese, Orhan Bozoglan, Idris Ardıç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of RHAMM within the hierarchy of well-established prognostic factors in colorectal cancer
Authors: I Zlobec, L Terracciano, L Tornillo, U Gunthert, T Vuong, J R Jass, A Lugli
Journal: Gut (2008)

To compare the independent prognostic effect of a panel of immunohistochemical protein markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine their ranking among the established prognostic factors T stage, N stage, vascular invasion, tumour budding and tumour grade.A tissue microarray of 1420 CRCs was immunostained for 23 markers and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. Immunoreactivity was assessed semi-quantitatively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-off scores for tumour marker positivity. Survival time was investigated for each marker in multivariable analysis with T stage, N stage, vascular invasion, tumour budding and tumour grade. The hazard ratio (HR) was used to compare the prognostic effect of each marker on 5 year survival.To the standard prognostic features, only six markers added independent prognostic information including receptor for hyaluronic acid mediated motility (RHAMM) (HR = 2.39 (1.88 to 3.05)), epidermal growth factor receptor (HR = 1.65 (1.31 to 2.09)), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (HR = 0.7 (0.54 to 0.92)), urokinase plasminogen activator (HR = 1.38 (1.09 to 1.75)), Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (HR = 0.75 (0.58 to 0.96)) and mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) (HR = 0.75 (0.58 to 0.95). Diffuse (>90% staining) expression of RHAMM ranked above T stage, vascular invasion, tumour budding and tumour grade in terms of adverse prognostic significance and was associated with distant metastasis (p = 0.012) and with worse outcome in patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.031).The strong adverse effect of RHAMM on outcome in addition to its position within the hierarchy of well-established prognostic factors suggest that RHAMM should be considered a more important prognosticator than tumour grade, tumour budding and vascular invasion in patients with CRC.
Some useful statistical methods for model validation.
Authors: A H Marcus, R W Elias
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Although formal hypothesis tests provide a convenient framework for displaying the statistical results of empirical comparisons, standard tests should not be used without consideration of underlying measurement error structure. As part of the validation process, predictions of individual blood lead concentrations from models with site-specific input parameters are often compared with blood lead concentrations measured in field studies that also report lead concentrations in environmental media (soil, dust, water, paint) as surrogates for exposure. Measurements of these environmental media are subject to several sources of variability, including temporal and spatial sampling, sample preparation and chemical analysis, and data entry or recording. Adjustments for measurement error must be made before statistical tests can be used to empirically compare environmental data with model predictions. This report illustrates the effect of measurement error correction using a real dataset of child blood lead concentrations for an undisclosed midwestern community. We illustrate both the apparent failure of some standard regression tests and the success of adjustment of such tests for measurement error using the SIMEX (simulation-extrapolation) procedure. This procedure adds simulated measurement error to model predictions and then subtracts the total measurement error, analogous to the method of standard additions used by analytical chemists.
Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure
Authors: None COMMITTEE MEMBERS, JOHN F. WILLIAMS, MICHAEL R. BRISTOW, MICHAEL B. FOWLER, GARY S. FRANCIS, ARTHUR GARSON, BERNARD J. GERSH, DONALD F. HAMMER, MARK A. HLATKY, CARL V. LEIER, MILTON PACKER, BERTRAM PITT, DANIEL J. ULLYOT, LAURA F. WEXLER, WILLIAM L. WINTERS, None TASK FORCE MEMBERS, JAMES L. RITCHIE, MELVIN D. CHEITLIN, KIM A. EAGLE, TIMOTHY J. GARDNER, ARTHUR GARSON, RAYMOND J. GIBBONS, RICHARD P. LEWIS, ROBERT A. O’ROURKE, THOMAS J. RYAN
Journal: Circulation (1995)
Specialist Outreach Clinics in General Practice
Authors: R. Petchey
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Martin Roland, Jonathan Shapiro

Radcliffe Medical Press, £15, pp 120

ISBN 1 85775 218 X

Specialist outreach clinics in general practice are not new, but their numbers have increased substantially since the introduction of general practitioner fundholding. Their character has probably altered also. Earlier schemes largely followed the “liaison-attachment” model, aimed at improving patient care through collaboration between general practitioners and specialists.

Recent schemes mostly follow the “shifted outpatient” model: the location of care moves from hospital to the general practice surgery, but otherwise it remains …
Managing paediatric emergencies
Authors: H G Easton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association between primary and community care use and measures of acute hospital use in people with cancer at the end of life. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> We used Discover, a linked administrative and clinical data set from general practices, community and hospital records in North West London (UK). <h3>Participants</h3> People registered in general practices, with a diagnosis of cancer who died between 2016 and 2019. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> ≥3 hospital admissions during the last 90 days, ≥1 admissions in the last 30 days and ≥1 emergency department (ED) visit in the last 2 weeks of life. <h3>Results</h3> Of 3581 people, 490 (13.7%) had ≥3 admissions in last 90 days, 1640 (45.8%) had ≥1 admission in the last 30 days, 1042 (28.6%) had ≥1 ED visits in the last 2 weeks; 1069 (29.9%) had more than one of these indicators. Contacts with community nurses in the last 3 months (≥13 vs &lt;4) were associated with fewer admissions in the last 30 days (risk ratio (RR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) and ED visits in the last 2 weeks of life (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92). Contacts with general practitioners in the last 3 months (≥11 vs &lt;4) was associated with higher risk of ≥3 admissions in the last 90 days (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.99) and ED visits in the last 2 weeks of life (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.47). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Expanding community nursing could reduce acute hospital use at the end of life and improve quality of care.
Laboratory Infection with Brucella abortus
Authors: H. N. Green
Journal: BMJ (1941)

CONDITIONS 1THEBRITISHremoved.The use of sulphapyridine in -such cases has already been described (Earle, 1940b).(c) Catfish.-Thespines of the catfish of Trinidad may produce localized cellulitis, ulceration, or gangrene.Sulphanilamide should be given prophylactically if possible.Case 11.-A negro aged 14, seen on January 7, 1939, when he showed a cellulitis of the right hand due to a prick from a catfish spine.He was given sulphapyridine, 3 grammes daily, for two days.Cure was reported on January 9.(d) Barracouda.-Bites from this fish often suppurate, and should receive prompt sulphanilamide therapy.Case 12.-A Venezuelan aged 40, seen on January 8, 1939, when he displayed an infected barracouda bite of three days' duration.The area bitten was surrounded by a zone of ulceration and cellulitis.Sulphanilamide, I gramme thrice daily, was given, and the wound was dressed with magnesium sulphate and glycerin.On January 11 marked improvement was noted, and cure was complete on January 18.Venomous Arthropoda (a) lnsecta.-(i)Chigoe Dise-ase.-Ulcerationand cellu- litis surrounding the gravid feiilke chigoe (lunga penie- Irans) may respond to sulphanilamide therapy.I have seen three such cases react satisfactorily in this manner.(ii) Culicoides Bites.-Prophylactictreatment of bites of various Culicoides-C.amlazonius, C. furens, C. stellifer, and C. diaboliclis (Myers, 1935; Adamson, 1939)-which in Trinidad may be the starting-point of a tropical ulcer, has already been described (Earle, 1940a).(b) Arachbnida.-Several cases of encrtusted scabies (gale norvegienne) have responded well to sulphanilamide therapy combined with local treatment with mitigal (dimethyl-diphenylene disulphide).Case 13.-An East Indian labourer aged 20, seen on March 10, 1940, when he had encrusted and septic scabies of the palms, abdomen, penis, and scrotum.Sulphapyridine, 3 grammes daily, together with mitigal locally, was given.
A case of human B cell leukemia that implicates an autocrine mechanism in the abnormal growth of Leu 1 B cells.
Authors: N Kawamura, A Muraguchi, A Hori, Y Horii, S Mutsuura, R R Hardy, H Kikutani, T Kishimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Production of B cell growth factor (BCGF) from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells was demonstrated. Freshly isolated monoclonal B-CLL cells expressed surface mu, delta, B1, and Leu 1, but not Ba (an antigen expressed only on activated B cells). Upon stimulation with anti-IgM, they secreted BCGF, which could act on anti-IgM-stimulated autologous leukemic cells as well as anti-IgM-stimulated normal B cells. Cell lines established from these leukemic cells also constitutively secreted BCGF. The BCGF from B-CLL cells or established cell lines induced neither proliferation nor enhanced HLA-DR expression in resting B cells. These results show the presence of B cell-derived BCGF, which is distinct from BSF-1 and effective only on activated B cells. They also suggest that an autocrine mechanism may operate in the growth of B-CLL cells.
Internal Fixation by the Ender Method
Authors: Richard D. Corzatt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A new method for the intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fractures with prebent, 4.5-mm, round, semielastic nails has theoretical advantages over use of nail-plate devices. Use of the method in 25 patients suggests that it is mechanically sound, relatively easy to learn, and easier for the patient to tolerate. Operating room time is reduced and blood replacement was not necessary. No infections were encountered, and all patients who were ambulatory preoperatively remained ambulatory postoperatively. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1366-1367, 1978)
Amniotic Fluid Cells; Prenatal Sex Prediction and Culture
Authors: M. M. Nelson, A. E. H. Emery
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Sex chromatin studies were carried out on small amounts of amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis or from intact amniotic sacs removed at hysterotomy. Provided that satisfactory preparations were obtained the accuracy of fetal sexing was 87%. Nevertheless, in the management of a pregnancy in which there is a risk of a serious X-linked recessive disorder, repeat amniocentesis may be necessary to ensure satisfactory specimens. Of 90 samples of fluid cultured, satisfactory growth was obtained in 49; the success rate was not increased by the addition of stimulants to the culture medium. It is suggested that between the 13th and the 16th week of pregnancy is the optimum time for amniocentesis to obtain cells for culture, since sufficient cells are then present in a small volume of fluid and therapeutic abortion would still be possible once the results were available.