tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Virology: Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome; and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 March 1994Reviews and Notes: Virology: Post-viral Fatigue Syndrome; and Chronic Fatigue SyndromeJerry D. SmilackJerry D. SmilackMayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ 85259Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Post-viral Fatigue SyndromeRachel Jenkins and James Mowbray; eds. 463 pages. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1991. $137.50.Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.David M. Dawson and Thomas D. Sabin; eds. 218 pages. Boston: Little, Brown; 1993. $65.00.In the past decade, the subject of chronic fatigue has aroused considerable interest and controversy. Although nearly everyone agrees that chronic fatigue is a common problem, little consensus exists about its cause, pathophysiology, precise diagnosis, and treatment. When one considers that chronic fatigue has been a concern of physicians for generations, it is perhaps surprising that only a few books on the subject ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 445-446KeywordsChronic fatigue syndromeEpstein-Barr virusFatigueNutritionPatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch laboratoriesSleep disordersToxoplasmaVirology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Saliva cotinine levels in users of electronic cigarettes
Authors: J.-F. Etter, C. Bullen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or electronic cigarettes) look like cigarettes but do not contain or burn tobacco. Instead, they comprise a battery-powered atomiser that produces a vapour for inhalation from cartridges containing humectants (propylene glycol or glycerol), flavours ( e.g. tobacco, mint or fruit) and nicotine. Many smokers report using ENDS to quit smoking or to substitute for tobacco in smoke-free places [1, 2].

ENDS do attenuate craving for tobacco, but appear to deliver little nicotine to the blood [3, 4]. Two studies have evaluated nicotine administration with different ENDS brands in ENDS-naive smokers [3, 4]. In one study, 32 smokers completed two 10-puff “vaping” bouts or smoked a cigarette [3]. In contrast to tobacco cigarettes, ENDS did not increase plasma nicotine reliably (plasma nicotine: 1.4 ng·mL−1 and 0.5 ng·mL−1, respectively, for two ENDS brands). In the other study, smokers used ENDS with a 16-mg nicotine cartridge for 5 min, a nicotine inhaler for 20 min or their usual cigarette for 5 min [4]. Nicotine concentration in plasma, measured after 60 min, was 1.3 ng·mL−1 for ENDS, 2.1 ng·mL−1 for inhalers and 13.4 ng·mL−1 for tobacco cigarettes, but one-third of participants showed no increase in blood nicotine while using the ENDS [4]. The time to maximum concentration of serum nicotine was shorter for ENDS (19.6 min) than for the nicotine inhaler (32.0 min), suggesting some absorption via the respiratory tract [4]. It is possible that serum nicotine levels would have been similar in ENDS and inhaler users, had ENDS users been allowed to use the devices for 20 min as for the inhaler.

However, regular ENDS users may draw 120–175 puffs·day−1 on …
Systematic clinical accountability is required
Authors: W. G Pickering
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–“Doctors,” writes Hey “being human, will sometimes give flawed advice.”1 In this, at least, he is correct. As a paediatrician he will well remember the Cleveland affair when there was so much medically flawed advice given to so many people that it required a judge to intervene.2 Lessons, alas, were …
IMPACT OF FEMALE GENDER ON MORTALITY AFTER ISOLATED CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Mahboob Alam, Salman Bandeali, Waleed Kayani, Saima A. Shahzad, Hani Jneid, Yochai Birnbaum, Neal Kleiman, Joseph Coselli, Christie Ballantyne, Nasser Lakkis, Salim Virani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
High Aspect Ratio Elongated Microparticles for Enhanced Topical Drug Delivery in Human Volunteers
Authors: Anthony P. Raphael, Clare A. Primiero, Lynlee L. Lin, Ross Flewell Smith, Philip Dyer, H. Peter Soyer, Tarl W. Prow
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Delivery of therapeutics into skin is hindered by the epidermal barriers. To overcome these barriers for the treatment of skin diseases, a cutaneous delivery method capable of field treatment using silica-elongated microparticles is developed. The microparticles are massaged into the skin using a 3D-printed microtextured applicator resulting in significant field-directed drug delivery enhancement. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Child health promotion and its challenge to medical education
Authors: David Stone, Harry Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The recently published recommendations for a national programme of child health promotion1 provide a structured framework for addressing the primary prevention of many of the major causes of illness and disability in preschool children. This is the latest in a series of important statements from the British Paediatric Association (now the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) working party on child health surveillance.2 3 It repeats earlier calls for a targeted programme of secondary prevention measures, selected on the basis of evidence of efficacy, together with a greater emphasis on health promotion. Taken together, these reports represent a major change in the role of community child health services away from mechanistic attempts at early detection of developmental and other problems towards a more holistic approach to child health. They also have important implications for the way that clinicians are trained.

Perhaps the …
Griffiths on community care: potentially disastrous
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

onset.3 16 Tests for vero cytotoxin in faecal extracts are often more sensitive than bacteriological culture.'Specimens from patients whose clinical condition strongly suggests infection with a strain of E coli that produces vero cytotoxin may be referred for specialist investigation using DNA probe techniques.12The management of patients should be supportive, and antimotility agents should be avoided since intestinal stasis may promote absorption of toxin.E coli 0157 is sensitive to many antibiotics, including ampicillin, gentamicin, trim- ethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol,23 but antimicrobial treatment is to be avoided if possible: it does not seem to influence the duration of symptoms' or prevent complications4 and may even increase the risk of haemor- rhagic disease.5
Evidence for Genetic Drift in the Diversification of a Geographically Isolated Population of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus
Authors: Patricia Escobar-Páramo, Sulagna Ghosh, Jocelyne DiRuggiero
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Genetic drift is a mechanism of population divergence that is important in the evolution of plants and animals but is thought to be rare in free-living microorganisms because of their typically large population sizes and unrestricted means of dispersal. We used both phylogenetic and insertion sequence (IS) element analyses in hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus Pyrococcus to test the hypothesis that genetic drift played an important role in the diversification of these microorganisms. Multilocus sequence typing of a collection of 36 isolates of Pyrococcus, from different hydrothermal systems in the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, revealed that Pyrococcus populations from different geographic locations are genetically differentiated. Analysis of IS elements in these isolates exposed their presence in all individuals of only one geographically isolated lineage, that of Vulcano Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Detailed sequence analysis of six selected IS elements in the Vulcano population showed that these elements cause deleterious genomic alterations, including inactivation of gene function. The high frequency of IS elements in the sampled population together with their observed harmful effects in the genome of Pyrococcus provide molecular evidence that the Vulcano Island population of Pyrococcus is geographically isolated and that those genetic mobile elements have been brought up to high frequency by genetic drift. Thus, genetic drift resulting from physical isolation should be considered as a factor influencing differentiation in prokaryotes.
A Study of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Subjects with Posterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: G. E. BURCH, LEO HORAN, J. A. ABILDSKOV, J. A. CRONVICH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A study of 45 spatial vectorcardiograms of patients with posterior myocardial infarction revealed a characteristic upward displacement of the early portion of the QRS sÊ-loop. Changes in the later portion of the QRS sÊ-loop may occur as a result of infarction. The possible utilization of such findings in the diagnosis of infarction is discussed.
Bringing chemistry out of the kitchen
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Chemistry was a vital female accomplishment in the Enlightenment—but it usually stayed in the kitchen. The renowned classicist Elizabeth Carter translated works from Latin and Greek but her friend Samuel Johnson was quick to point out that she could also make a pudding. Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier (1758-1836) was almost unique in managing to escape the kitchen for the laboratory. She became her husband’s lifelong collaborator in transforming chemistry into a science, ultimately leading to medical developments in diagnosis and treatment—although friends noted she could still lay on a passable afternoon tea.⇑

Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze was born to wealthy parents in the …
Risk factors in Rugby Union football [proceedings]
Authors: W. Murphy, J. Shuttleworth
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

Several studies show no significant difference in stock market performance between Republican and Democratic presidential administrations. While the authors confirm this finding for an index of large-capitalization stocks, they find that small-capitalization stocks perform Insignificantly better during Democratic administrations (an annual return difference of over 20%). The authors also present new evidence that the debt market performs significantly better during Republican administrations. In fact, on average, they find that real returns to debt during the 1929 through 1996 period have been negative.
Effects of fractions of skin chamber fluids from human allergic reactions on neutrophil activation
Authors: Andrew Lane, Burton Zweiman, Paul C. Atkins
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)

Using a skin chamber approach, we have found an accumulation of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and their released components in the sites of developing human late-phase IgE-mediated skin reactions.’ We recently found that the overlying chamber fluid obtained during the first hour of pollen antigen challenge could directly stimulate resting blood PMNs in vitro.’ The nature of the stimulatory component or components in such fluids is not known. Attempts at characterization are limited by the amount of fluid that can be obtained from an individual subject. A reasonable initial characterization would be the determination of in vitro effects of ultrafiltration fractions of such fluids on blood neutrophils.
Scintigraphic Findings in Congenital Lipodystrophy
Authors: TSUI-CHUN K. YIP, SYLVAIN HOULE, HARRY J. GRIFFITHS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The scintigraphic findings of a patient with characteristic clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features of congenital lipodystrophy were studied. Bone scan showed uniform increased bone uptake of Tc-99m MDP with markedly enhanced peri-articular activity and very prominent renal activity. Liver-spleen scan showed marked hepatosplenomegaly. This combination of scintigraphic abnormalities is unique in congenital lipodystrophy and constitutes a very interesting constellation of findings. Observed scintigraphic findings are compatible with previously described radiographic findings.
Epigenetic Regulation of the DLK1-MEG3 MicroRNA Cluster in Human Type 2 Diabetic Islets
Authors: Vasumathi Kameswaran, Nuria C Bramswig, Lindsay B McKenna, Melinda Penn, Jonathan Schug, Nicholas J Hand, Ying Chen, Inchan Choi, Anastassios Vourekas, Kyoung-Jae Won, Chengyang Liu, Kumar Vivek, Ali Naji, Joshua R Friedman, Klaus H Kaestner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Animal models for alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Esteban Mezey
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The baboon is the only animal in which alcoholic fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver has been produced with a nutritionally adequate diet. Zinc deficiency is associated with alcoholic liver disease and may contribute to liver damage. We have therefore investigated whether zinc supplementation would reduce liver damage in ten baboons receiving ethanol and an adequate diet. Eight received ethanol at up to 25 g/kg/day (70% of calories) for up to 60 months (four were supplemented with 50 mg zinc/day). All animals gained weight, and blood concentrations of ethanol were 63-342 mg/dl. Changes in liver blood tests were slight. Liver histology only showed fatty change in six animals, severe in two, and minor inflammatory changes but no significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. In one of the animals with severe fatty change there were also degenerative changes in parenchymal cells. There was thus no significant hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis in baboons given large amounts of ethanol and an adequate diet for up to 5 years.
Colocalization of demethylating enzymes and NOS and functional effects of methylarginines in rat kidney
Authors: Akihiro Tojo, William J. Welch, Viviane Bremer, Masumi Kimoto, Kenjiro Kimura, Masao Omata, Tadashi Ogawa, Patrick Vallance, Christopher S. Wilcox
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Late Results of Operations for Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1958)

FALLOT'S TETRALOGY anoxaemia and lower haemoglobin percentages (see Table II), the average of the first five being 104 instead of 136%, though generally they are still a little cyanotic.It is only fair to add that Mr. Alfred Blalock was working at Guy's Hospital and performed some of these first operations, lest others feel that their start was not,so successful.The TABLE Il.-Changes in Heart Size and Haemoglobin Percentage inz Patients Who Have Done Well for 9 or 10 Years After Anastomotic Operations Heart Size (Cardiothoracic Ratio) Haemoglobin (Y.) Case No. Before 9 or Before After After Op.IlYr. 3 Yr.SYr.7YrYr.r Op 4Yr 9 or Op 0 Yr.Op. 4 r.~~~~~~10 Yr.
Doughnut Sign on Bone Scintigraphy in Angioblastic Meningioma
Authors: JOHNG H. CHUN, LEO ACKERMAN, K SUBRAMANIAN, I REZNIKOV, M FREEMAN, E KAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Bone imaging was performed in a patient with a rapidly expanding parietal bone lesion. The findings on the nuclear medicine study showed a doughnut type lesion. The underlying abnormality was found to be an angioblastic meningioma causing local bone destruction.
Staging Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stanley J. Miller
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Measuring Supportive Care in Medical Oncology Practice: Lessons Learned From the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative
Authors: Kristen K. McNiff, Michael N. Neuss, Joseph O. Jacobson, Peter D. Eisenberg, Pamela Kadlubek, Joseph V. Simone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We provide a brief review of the use of quality measures to assess supportive care in the medical oncology office. Specifically, we discuss the development and implementation of supportive care measures in the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI), a voluntary quality measurement and improvement program of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. QOPI has demonstrated that medical oncologists voluntarily engage in self-assessment and often select measures related to supportive care for measurement and improvement. Results to date have demonstrated that there is room for improvement in this domain. Because supportive care measures appropriate for use through structured chart review in the outpatient oncology setting are not generally available in the published literature, measures have been developed and tested through the program. Additional measures are in development for implementation in QOPI in 2008.
Risks for Familial and Contralateral Breast Cancer Interact Multiplicatively and Cause a High Risk
Authors: Kari Hemminki, Jianguang Ji, Asta Försti
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The reasons for the high risk of contralateral breast cancer are not understood, although polygenic mechanisms have been suggested to be involved. The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to examine the interaction of the risks for contralateral and familial cancer. Relative risks were separately determined for contralateral and familial breast cancers, and these were tested for additive and multiplicative interactions. The Database contained information on 102,176 first breast cancers. Familial risk for breast cancer was 1.76 and the risk for contralateral breast cancer was 3.40, or 5.80 when extrapolated to two breasts. When women had a family history, the risk for contralateral breast cancer was remarkably high, 5.48, or 9.96 when the risk was extrapolated to two breasts, almost identical with 10.21, which was predicted by the multiplicative model. Although the data do not rule out polygenic mechanisms, they suggest that epigenetic imprinting events may be involved for the contralateral breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):868–70]
WHO Initiative to Estimate the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases
Authors: Arie H Havelaar, Amy Cawthorne, Fred Angulo, David Bellinger, Tim Corrigan, Alejandro Cravioto, Herman Gibb, Tine Hald, John Ehiri, Maryn Kirk, Rob Lake, Nicolas Praet, Niko Speybroeck, Nilanthi de Silva, Claudia Stein, Paul Torgerson, Tanja Kuchenmüller
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Cognitive-behavioural therapies and exercise programmes for patients with fibromyalgia: state of the art and future directions
Authors: S van Koulil, M Effting, F W Kraaimaat, W van Lankveld, T van Helmond, H Cats, P L C M van Riel, A J L de Jong, J F Haverman, A W M Evers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

This review provides an overview of the effects of non-pharmacological treatments for patients with fibromyalgia (FM), including cognitive-behavioural therapy, exercise training programmes, or a combination of the two. After summarising and discussing preliminary evidence of the rationale of non-pharmacological treatment in patients with FM, we reviewed randomised, controlled trials for possible predictors of the success of treatment such as patient and treatment characteristics. In spite of support for their suitability in FM, the effects of non-pharmacological interventions are limited and positive outcomes largely disappear in the long term. However, within the various populations with FM, treatment outcomes showed considerable individual variations. In particular, specific subgroups of patients characterised by relatively high levels of psychological distress seem to benefit most from non-pharmacological interventions. Preliminary evidence of retrospective treatment analyses suggests that the efficacy may be enhanced by offering tailored treatment approaches at an early stage to patients who are at risk of developing chronic physical and psychological impairments.
Brain Imaging: Applications in Psychiatry
Authors: Fred M. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Andreasen's text represents a serious attempt to inform psychiatrists about brain imaging: its technical basis, research findings, and possible clinical applications. We live at a time in which noninvasive tomographic techniques are still in their infancy; however, just as the invention of the microscope revolutionized biology, these new brain mapping techniques will significantly change the face of psychiatry by invalidating certain theories and confirming others. Topics covered include computed tomography (CT); brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM); single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), including studies of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and positron emission tomography (PET). The technical information given about each methodology will be too detailed for some, not detailed enough for others, but is on the whole well written and helps significantly to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of each method. For example, CT and MRI use different principles (x-rays vs magnetic fields) to create anatomic maps
Glomerular filtration rate. Determination in patients with chronic renal disease
Authors: H. Lubowitz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Advances in the conservative management of patients with chronic renal insufficiency have reaffirmed the need for the accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The two most readily available indices of GFR are the urea clearance and the creatinine clearance; yet neither accurately reflects GFR in advanced renal disease. Theoretical considerations suggest that<i>when GFR is less than 20ml/min</i>the combined use of urea clearance and creatinine clearance should accurately measure GFR. This thesis was tested in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. In all instances, the mean value for the urea plus creatinine clearance closely approximated the simultaneously determined inulin clearance. Since analyses for both urea and creatinine may be performed on the same samples of blood and urine, the present technique offers an accurate clinical means of measuring GFR in advanced chronic renal disease.