tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Common Presence of Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Duk-Hee Lee, Ding Yong Liu, David R. Jacobs, Hai-Rim Shin, Kyungeun Song, In-Kyu Lee, Bowan Kim, Robert C. Hider
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Recently, we reported increased cardiovascular disease mortality among supplemental vitamin C users with type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study. Because vitamin C may cause oxidative stress in the presence of redox active iron, we hypothesized that non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI), a form of iron susceptible to redox activity, may be present in patients with type 2 diabetes.We measured serum NTBI levels using high-performance liquid chromatography in 48 patients with known diabetes (at least 5 years duration since diagnosis), 49 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, and 47 healthy control subjects (frequency matched on age and sex).NTBI was commonly present in diabetes: 59% in newly diagnosed diabetes and 92% in advanced diabetes. Mean NTBI values varied significantly between the three groups, with the highest values being observed in patients with known diabetes and the lowest in the control subjects (0.62 +/- 0.43 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.13 micromol/l Fe). Serum total iron or percent transferrin saturation were very similar among the three groups, yet NTBI was strongly associated with serum total iron (r = 0.74, P < 0.01) and percent transferrin saturation (r = 0.70, P < 0.01) among the patients with known diabetes.Consistent with our hypothesis, these data demonstrate the common existence of NTBI in type 2 diabetic patients with a strong gradient with severity. Prospective cohort studies are required to clarify the clinical relevance of increased NTBI levels.
High levels of factor VIII and risk of extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction
Authors: Ida Martinelli, Massimo Primignani, Alessio Aghemo, Raffaella Reati, Paolo Bucciarelli, Federica Fabris, Tullia Battaglioli, Alessandra Dell’Era, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Peanut Anaphylaxis From Food Cross-Contamination
Authors: Stephen F. Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A minimum of 950 food-induced anaphylactic reactions probably occur each year in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Peanuts appear to cause most episodes.<sup>2</sup>This letter reports anaphylaxis occurring in a physician allergic to peanuts following the ingestion of peanut contaminated cookies. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —I (S.F.K.) am a 34-year-old allergist-immunologist with a medical history that includes allergic asthma and anaphylaxis induced by peanuts, almonds, and pecans. I ate approximately 20 gingersnap cookies (Murray Cookies, President Baking Company, Augusta, Ga). The package label did not list peanuts among the ingredients. Palatal itching commenced within 5 minutes of ingestion and was followed progressively by dysphagia, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, bronchospasm, generalized erythema, peripheral cyanosis, lightheadedness, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Epinephrine and loratadine were self-administered with prompt relief of symptoms. At the emergency department 30 minutes later, recurrent bronchospasm, intense pruritus of the palms, and generalized urticaria occurred and necessitated administration
Nitric Oxide-Loaded Echogenic Liposomes for Nitric Oxide Delivery and Inhibition of Intimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Shao-Ling Huang, Patrick H. Kee, Hyunggun Kim, Melanie R. Moody, Stephen M. Chrzanowski, Robert C. MacDonald, David D. McPherson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Budgerigar-fancier's lung: the commonest variety of allergic alveolitis in Britain.
Authors: D J Hendrick, J A Faux, R Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A questionnaire survey of 1005 consecutive attenders at four outpatient clinics yielded 117 (12%) budgerigar fanciers (exposed to budgerigars- known in North America as parakeets-for at least three months) and 296 (29%) former fanciers. Twnety had precipitins to budgerigar serum or droppings or both, and 10 of these together with 39 precipitin-negative patients reported undue breathlessness on exertion during exposure to buderigars. These 59 patients were investigated further, seven completing a series of inhalation provocation tests with budgerigar antigens designed to confirm or exclude budgerigar-fancier's lung (BrFL). Typical positive responses were obtained from four current and one former fancier. The prevalence of confirmed BrFL among the 11n current budgerigar fanciers was 3.4% (four cases). This was biased, however, by the inclusion of one patient whose attendance at the surveyed clinic was attributable to the disease. With the exclusion of this patient, confidence limits suggested that the true prevalence of BrFL among current budgerigar fanciers in the general population lies between 0.5% and 7.5%, which is similar to the prevalence of farmer's lung in farm workers. In view of the enormous population at risk, however, this implies that BrFL rather than farmer's lung is by far the commonest type of allergic alveolitis in Britain.
Day surgery for cataracts.
Authors: H. F. Thomas, R. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1992)

based upon this confusion of roles would not be equipped to handle the complex managerial and contractual issues that the new system of matching resources to performance will demand."'2It remains to be seen whether the expansion of the new management role of DHAs to include being champions of the people will restore this confusion of roles.Members report that health authority meetings since the 1991 changes have been more comfortable and friendly and that decision making is easier,'3 especially since they are increasingly held in private.'4But there has been little debate on the impact of membership on the new reforms or on the effect of large purchasing consortia and district mergers, which remove health authority members still further from their communities.'4The model of direct ministerial management of health care, with its focus on individual consultation, is a long way from the 1944 green paper, which originally intended that local authorities should run health services and special professional and technical guidance would be provided by local health services councils."'Then, in rejecting the suggestion that experts should be included in local authority administration ofhealth services, the government felt, "The risk of impairing the principle of public responsibility (accountability) -that effective decisions on policy must lie entirely with elected representatives answerable to the people for the decisions that they take-outweighs any advantages likely to accrue."Recent research shows that local democracy does count. 16 17Regardless of their political opinions, people identify with and value the role oftheir local authorities in decision making.Many of the debates throughout the 1980s indicate that there is no reason to believe that they would not support a more democratic health service.1819If the NHS Management Executive is having second thoughts about whether the new district health authorities and their members can fulfil their management role and be champions of the people then it has to realise that market research models can never be a substitute for a democratic process and local accountability.Otherwise community consultation, consumerism, and participation in needs assess- ment, priority setting, and developing and monitoring service specifications are meaningless.
Abstract 3896: Non-canonical regulation of the Hedgehog mediator GLI1 by c-MYC in Burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Joon Won Yoon, Ke Xu, Philip M. Iannaccone, David O. Walterhouse
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant activation of the oncogene GLI1, a key mediator of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway, is observed in a wide variety of human cancers. Although HH plays a major role in GLI1 transcription and activation via Patched (PTCH) and Smoothened (SMO), there is increasing evidence suggesting that other pathways also regulate GLI1 expression. A recent study suggested that upregulation of c-MYC by the EWS/FLI1 fusion protein in Ewing Sarcoma may play a role in upregulating GLI1. To determine the role of c-MYC in the regulation of GLI1 and whether c-MYC regulates GLI1 independently of the HH signaling pathway, we initiated studies in Burkitt lymphoma cells, which constitutively overexpress c-MYC due to a chromosomal translocation. Using RT-PCR, we showed that BL1647, BL1648, BL2392 and BL2625 Burkitt lymphoma cell lines express c-MYC and HH pathway components, including PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1. Using Western blot analysis, we showed that GLI1 protein levels varied among the different cell lines. We demonstrated a sequence-specific interaction between c-MYC protein and E-boxes in the GLI1 promoter with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). This interaction resulted in transcriptional activation of a luciferase reporter gene in NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. Treating Burkitt lymphoma cells with the c-MYC inhibitor 10058-F4 downregulated GLI1 mRNA and protein and reduced cell viability as measured by MTT assays. In contrast, inhibition of HH-signaling by cyclopamine did not affect GLI1 expression in Burkitt lymphoma cells and only reduced viability of cells when used at high concentrations, possibly representing non-specific cytotoxic effects. Inhibition of GLI1 by GANT61 suggests that GLI1 functions as an anti-apoptotic factor as measured by Caspase3/7 activity in Burkitt lymphoma cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence that c-MYC may function independently of the HH pathway in Burkitt lymphoma to directly regulate GLI1 in a non-canonical manner and support an anti-apoptotic role for GLI1 in Burkitt lymphoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3896.
Major issues in miner health.
Authors: S Joyce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

As recently as the last few decades, thousands of miners died in explosions, roof collapses, fires, and floods each year, and lung disease caused by inhaling mineral dusts was ubiquitous. Miners worked virtually unprotected, and were often treated as expendable bodies fulfilling critical roles in this important industry, which in the United States comprises about 5% of the gross domestic product.
Sterilization of Rubber Gloves by Boiling
Authors: Walter A Landry
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The method of sterilizing rubber gloves described by Dr. Ray Ernest Smith inThe Journal, Oct. 18, 1913, p. 1475, is a good one when only one examination of the patient is required. I, however, prefer to boil them. I know then that they are absolutely safe. I put the gloves into a small pan of water, place it on an ordinary kitchen or oil stove, and let them boil a few minutes. This I do while I scrub my hands and arms with soap and water, using no antiseptic whatever. I allow cold water to run into the gloves to dislodge the hot, and draw them on while they are distended. After each examination I put the gloves back into the hot water and give them another boil. Frequent boiling of rubber gloves does not impair their quality if they are not roughly handled and if
Do Patients Really Want “Family Doctors”?
Authors: Margaret S. McKenna, Warren E. C. Wacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In the current controversy over the best way to train and use primary-care physicians, the need to increase the numbers has become almost axiomatic. A sharp decline in providers of primary care has been documented.1,2 Increasingly vocal demands by patients for more accessible, personalized care are being made. The recent burgeoning of family-practice residencies1 is a response to this perceived need, as is some of the pending major national legislation.Primary care has the individual or family as its reference point, providing continuity and co-ordination as well as first-contact care. In contrast to secondary and tertiary care, it is person-centered . . .
Lymphatic reprogramming of blood vascular endothelium by Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus
Authors: Young-Kwon Hong, Kimberly Foreman, Jay W Shin, Satoshi Hirakawa, Christine L Curry, David R Sage, Towia Libermann, Bruce J Dezube, Joyce D Fingeroth, Michael Detmar
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Vaginal Spermicides and Congenital Disorders
Authors: Hershel Jick, Alexander M. Walker, Kenneth J. Rothman, Judith R. Hunter, Lewis B. Holmes, Richard N. Watkins, Diane C. D'Ewart, Anne Danford, Sue Madsen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Among 763 liveborn infants of white women who had obtained a vaginal spermicide in the ten months before conception, the prevalence of certain major congenital anomalies was 2.2%. The prevalence of such anomalies in a comparison group of 3,902 infants was 1.0%. The difference between these groups was due to an excess of limb-reduction deformities, neoplasms, syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities, and hypospadias in the infants whose mothers are presumed to have used vaginal spermicides. Pregnancies in women who had used vaginal spermicides ended in spontaneous abortion requiring hospitalization 1.8 times more commonly than did pregnancies in those who had not. Since a well-defined syndrome among babies with congenital disorders whose mothers used spermicides was not present, these results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1329-1332)
Abstract B29: The role of C-Terminal Binding Proteins in BRCA1 silencing and genetic instability of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Shubai Liu, Junzheng Yang, Taymaa May, Yuanyuan Hua, Shi Lu, Kevin Elias, Ronny Drapkin, William Welch, Christopher Crum, Ross S. Berkowitz, Shu-Wing Ng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objective: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality from gynecological malignancy in Western countries. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterized by genetic instability and frequently harbors defects in genes such as BRCA1 for homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Our group recently demonstrated that the transcriptional co-repressors, C-Terminal Binding Proteins (CtBP1 and CtBP2), are overexpressed in epithelial ovarian carcinoma and CtBP2 overexpression is associated with poor patient survival. We sought to relate the expression of CtBP to genetic instability and chemoresponse in HGSOC cells. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed for the control and CtBP2-knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assays and a BRCA1 promoter-luciferase reporter assay were performed to compare the binding of CtBP complex to BRCA1 promoter and the activity of BRCA1 promoter in the ovarian cancer cells. Cell cycle status of the cell lines was determined by flow cytometry. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were determined by comet assay. esults: Analysis of gene expression profiles revealed potential functions of CtBP2 in silencing the expression of a panel of genes such as BRCA1 and Fanconi anemia complementation group gene FANCD2 that are involved in HR pathway, cell cycle checkpoints, and genetic instability. ChIP analyses and the luciferase assays strongly suggest that the CtBP2 complex binds to the BRCA1 promoter and represses BRCA1 transcription. Ovarian cancer cell lines with knockdown of either CtBP1 or CtBP2 showed increased expression of BRCA1 protein. CtBP2-knockdown ovarian cancer cells showed increased apoptosis and arrest in cell cycle. These cell lines also showed a significant increase in DSB after gamma irradiation than wild-type control cells in a comet assay. Conclusions: CtBP1 and CtBP2 function in the suppression of a panel of target genes such as BRCA1 and FANCD2 that are involved in cell cycle checkpoints and HR pathway. CtBP-mediated BRCA1 silencing may be a significant contributing mechanism for genetic instability and clinicopathologic development of HGSOC. Targeting this epigenetic mechanism may enhance the sensitivity of HGSOC to DNA damaging agents and contribute to improved outcome of ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Shubai Liu, Junzheng Yang, Taymaa May, Yuanyuan Hua, Shi Lu, Kevin Elias, Ronny Drapkin, William Welch, Christopher Crum, Ross S. Berkowitz, Shu-Wing Ng. The role of C-Terminal Binding Proteins in BRCA1 silencing and genetic instability of ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Sildenafil for Severe Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Glenda L. Swetman, David R. Berk, Shreyas S. Vasanawala, Jeffrey A. Feinstein, Alfred T. Lane, Anna L. Bruckner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Lymphatic malformations are rare but can cause significant clinical problems in addition to cosmetic disfigurement. Sildenafil was used in a child whose pulmonary hypertension was caused by lymphatic malformation; the result was a marked decrease in the lymphatic malformation.
Low-dosage oral ethynodiol diacetate tablets for long-term contraception in Indian women.
Authors: P. N. Shah
Journal: BMJ (1966)

DiscussionThe transplanted human kidney satisfies the criteria for denervation put forth by Quinby (1916) and emphasized by Bricker et al. (1958).Earlier reports have indicated that the sympathetic nervous system may play a part in the regulation of the secretion of renin by the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.The renal nerves (Taquini et al., 1964 ; Tobian et al., 1965) and circulating catecholamines (Gordon et al., 1966) have both been implicated as mediators of this regulatory mechanism.The present findings indicate that the normal " renin response " seen with postural change apparently remains intact after denervation of the kidney.Previous studies have cast doubt upon the contention that circulating catecholamines stimulate renin secretion.Laragh et al. (1960) were unable to demonstrate elevation of the aldosterone secretory rate with infusion of catecholamines.This is indirect evidence that renin secretion did not rise in his subjects.Wathen et al. (1965) were not able to stimulate renin release in dogs with intravenous catecholamine administration, though perfusion of catecholamines direct into the renal artery did increase renin secretion.Studies performed upon persons with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension who do not display the normal orthostatic increase in sympathetic activity have suggested that low circulatory catecholamine levels do play a part in the abnormal renin secretory pattern seen in these.patients (Gordon et al., 1966).Hall and Hokfelt (1966) confirmed these findings; however, they could not reproduce this phenomenon in normal subjects given adrenergic blocking agents.Conflicting experimental findings must leave the question of sympathetic mediation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system an open one.Lewis et al. (1966) have previously shown that normal sodium-regulating mechanisms persist after human renal denervation and transplantation.The present results support the concept that homoeostatic mechanisms involving renin secretion are intact after renal denervation.While this finding does not disprove the existence of some association between the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, it suggests that other mechanisms are also operative. SummaryPeripheral venous renin levels were measured in three homo- transplant patients in the upright and recumbent positions.The normal pattern of elevation of the renin level in the upright position and depression in the recumbent position was seen.It is concluded that a mechanism independent of the renal nerves is operative in regulating the postural change in renin secretion by the kidney.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Clostridium difficile&lt;/emph&gt; Colitis
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Clostridium difficileColitis C olitis (inflammation of the colon) can occur as a result of infection with the bacterium Clostridium difficile (also known as C difficile and C diff).The disease results from disruption or removal of normal healthy bacteria from the colon by antibiotics.The C difficile bacterium produces toxins (poisonous substances) that attack the lining of the colon and can cause severe damage to the colon itself.More commonly, C difficile toxins produce diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.Unfortunately, it is resistant to most antibiotics.Complications of C difficile colitis include bowel perforation (a hole in the colon) and pseudomembranous colitis (patches of severe inflammation and pus in the colon).C difficile is one of the most common infections that are typically acquired in health care institutions, along with MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus).Hand washing and disinfection, isolation of infected patients, and appropriate antibiotic use are the best ways to reduce spread of these types of infection.The March 4, 2009, issue of JAMA contains an article about Clostridium difficile colitis.
[648] CHARACTERISATION OF HCV GENOTYPE 2/3 PATIENTS WITHOUT A RAPID VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (RVR): OPTIMISING TREATMENT BY PREDICTING SLOWER RESPONDERS TO PEGINTERFERON a-2a (PEGASYS®) PLUS RIBAVIRIN (COPEGUS®)
Authors: M.L. Shiftman, E. Minola, K. Barange, S.D. Shafran, B.R. Bacon, R. Sola, D. Nelson, H. Harley, A. Lin, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis exhibits neuropsychological and MR changes consistent with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Beatriz Mínguez, Juan Carlos García‐Pagán, Jaume Bosch, Juan Turnes, Juli Alonso, Alex Rovira, Juan Córdoba
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatic encephalopathy can arise from portal-systemic shunting in the absence of intrinsic liver disease. However, there are few descriptions of this form of encephalopathy. Portal vein thrombosis is an infrequent disease that causes portal-systemic shunting. Episodic hepatic encephalopathy has been described in patients with portal vein thrombosis, but it is not known if these patients develop minimal hepatic encephalopathy. We designed a study to investigate the neurological consequences of portal vein thrombosis in patients without cirrhosis and no clinical signs of encephalopathy. For this purpose, 10 patients underwent neuropsychological tests, an oral glutamine challenge test, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The results were compared with those obtained in 10 healthy controls. Patients with portal vein thrombosis exhibited abnormalities in the results of neuropsychological tests, oral glutamine challenge test, and MR similar to those described in hepatic encephalopathy associated with cirrhosis. MR spectroscopy revealed a decrease in myo-inositol and an increase in glutamine. The increase in glutamine correlated with an increase in ammonia following the oral glutamine challenge test, signs of increased brain water (decrease in magnetization transfer ratio), and impairment of attention tests. In conclusion, patients with noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis develop subclinical neurological abnormalities compatible with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. These disturbances, which include signs of increase in brain water and a compensatory osmotic response (decrease in brain myo-inositol), appear to be secondary to brain exposure to ammonia induced by portal-systemic shunting. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:707–714.)