tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OP40 * POST-OPERATIVE T2 HYPERINTENSITY IN PERI RESECTION MARGIN FOLLOWING AWAKE MACROSCOPIC INTRAGYRAL TOTAL RESECTION OF LOW GRADE GLIOMA IS NOT A RELIABLE MARKER OF RESIDUAL TUMOUR
Authors: H. H. Khor, P. Bryne, S. Basu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Awake craniotomy for resection of tumours from eloquent brain area is an established technique. We describe six year outcome data of awake surgery for radiological low grade glial series tumours resected using natural subpial and vascular intergyral planes. We describe immediate post-operative radiological findings and its correlation with long term outcome. METHOD: This is a retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological records of awake craniotomies undertaken between 2007-2014. Patients were identified from operative department records and radiological data were retrieved from hospital's electronic image archive. A correlative analysis was done between immediate post-operative T2 changes and long term tumour progression. RESULTS: 38 patients underwent awake craniotomy with average age of 41.1 yrs(range 21-79). 6 patients have died (average survival 2.69 years, range 1-84 months) due to tumour progression. 5 of these had initial diagnosis of grade 3 tumour or above; 1 patient had malignant melanoma. 32 (85%) patients have survived the survey period(2.38 years, range 1-72 months). On MRI most patients had post-operative T2 hyperintensity around the resection margins. The T2 hyperintensity persisted in 6 patient. This was correlated with either a peri-operative decision to sub-totally resect, or subsequent tumour progression. In other 32 patients the T2 changes either reduced or remained static. Histology of these patients showed 4 grade 2, 22 grade 3, and 6 grade 4 tumours. CONCLUSION: T2 changes in peri-resection brain parenchyma following a macroscopic complete resection of low grade tumours using awake techniques is not a reliable marker of tumour residual or recurrence. 85% of such changes resolved.
Common IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor idiotypes in autoimmune diseases.
Authors: A.E Gharavi, B.M Patel, G.R Hughes, K.B Elkon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies to four monoclonal IgM, one polyclonal IgM, and one polyclonal IgA rheumatoid factors were produced in rabbits and tested for cross reactivity with rheumatoid factors from nine patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia, three patients with rheumatoid arthritis, four patients with systemic sicca syndrome, and one patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Variable (3/16 to 10/16) cross reactivity for each anti-idiotypic antibody was observed which was not restricted by disease category, clonality, or isotype of the rheumatoid factor. These findings suggest that rheumatoid factor genes are highly conserved from the germ-line antibody repertoire.
Some countries make good progress on child and maternal deaths while others stagnate
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Despite major achievements in improving the health of women and children, only eight of the world’s poorest 75 countries are on track to meet millennium development goals on reducing maternal and child deaths set by the United Nations and adopted by world leaders in 2000.

Since 1990 the global number of maternal deaths has fallen by 47%, from 543 000 a year to 287 000 in 2010, and deaths among children aged under 5 years have fallen by 37%, from 12 million a year in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010. Most of these deaths occur in the world’s 75 poorest countries.

Millennium development goals 4 and 5 call for reducing maternal deaths by three quarters and the deaths of children under 5 by two thirds by 2015 from the 1990 levels.

Some of the world’s poorest countries …
Hyperthyroxinemia in Newborns Due to Excess Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
Authors: Rose M. Viscardi, Moira Shea, Kitima Sriwantanakul, Kenneth McCormick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

NORMALLY, the bulk of total serum thyroxine (T4), approximately 80 per cent, is bound to T4-binding globulin, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. An elevation in the serum concentration of this protein that is genetic in origin and unrelated to stimulators such as estrogens was initially recognized in 1959 to cause hyperthyroxinemia. At least 12 kindreds with this disorder have since been described in the literature.1 2 3 4 5 6 Although autosomal dominant inheritance was originally suggested, subsequent studies have demonstrated an X-linked mode of inheritance.2 3 4 5 6 On routine laboratory testing, this harmless genetic abnormality is suggested by an increased level . . .
Captopril-Induced Renal Insufficiency
Authors: AARON SPITAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1986Captopril-Induced Renal InsufficiencyAARON SPITAL, M.D.AARON SPITAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-126 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the August issue, Hricik (1) suggests that volume status is an important factor in captopril-induced functional renal failure that occurs when perfusion pressure to the total renal mass is greatly reduced. Thus, in a patient with renal-artery stenosis after transplantation, Hricik has shown that after 25 mg of captropril there was a 49% reduction in inulin clearance when the patient was sodium depleted, and only a 14% reduction in inulin clearance when the patient was sodium repleted. However, it is hard to understand the marked rise in serum creatinine level that was noted the same day...References1. HRICIK D. Captopril-induced renal insufficiency and the role of sodium balance. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:222-3. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KASSIRER J. Clinical evaluation of kidney function—glomerular function. N Engl J Med. 1971;285:385-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. HRICIK D. Captopril-induced renal insufficiency and the role of sodium balance. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:222-3. LinkGoogle Scholar1. HRICIK D. Captopril-induced renal insufficiency and the role of sodium balance. Ann Intern Med. 1985:103:222-3. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: AARON SPITAL, M.D.Affiliations: Rochester General Hospital University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14621 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by1-(D-3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-1-Oxopropyl)-L-Proline (S,s) 62571-86-2 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 126-127KeywordsCreatinineRenal failureSodiumStenosisTransplantation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Diastolic Murmur of Renal Failure
Authors: Lindsay J. Barratt, Michael A. Robinson, Jeffrey A. Whitford, James R. Lawrence
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A characteristic and transient early diastolic precordial murmur is commonly heard in patients with renal failure. On the basis of its clinical characteristics, this murmur has previously been attributed to functional aortic incompetence. We undertook a formal cardiac investigation, including aortography, in six of eight patients with renal failure in whom such a bruit developed. Aortic regurgitation was detected in only one of the six. Echocardiography revealed no abnormality of aortic-valve function but did indicate the presence of a small pericardial effusion in each of the five patients examined. We conclude that the early diastolic murmur associated with renal failure does not usually arise from functional aortic incompetence but may be a sound of pericardial origin.
Two doctors who changed my practice: We can all try that little bit harder
Authors: J. Francombe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It had been a long night, the first stage of labour had been difficult, the second stage seemed somehow worse. As quickly as the epidural had taken its effect it started to ebb. My wife had reached the end of her tether. In view of the fact we were both doctors the senior registrar was called.

Minutes later I heard footsteps down the corridor. He knocked on the door and paused momentarily before entering. Despite the early hours of the morning he was clean shaven and looked extremely presentable; he introduced himself with a smile and calmly told us what he was going to do. He told us not to worry, that everything was going to be all right. There …
Is human cognition adaptive?
Authors: John R. Anderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1991)

Abstract Can the output of human cognition be predicted from the assumption that it is an optimal response to the information-processing demands of the environment? A methodology called rational analysis is described for deriving predictions about cognitive phenomena using optimization assumptions. The predictions flow from the statistical structure of the environment and not the assumed structure of the mind. Bayesian inference is used, assuming that people start with a weak prior model of the world which they integrate with experience to develop stronger models of specific aspects of the world. Cognitive performance maximizes the difference between the expected gain and cost of mental effort. (1) Memory performance can be predicted on the assumption that retrieval seeks a maximal trade-off between the probability of finding the relevant memories and the effort required to do so; in (2) categorization performance there is a similar trade-off between accuracy in predicting object features and the cost of hypothesis formation; in (3) casual inference the trade-off is between accuracy in predicting future events and the cost of hypothesis formation; and in (4) problem solving it is between the probability of achieving goals and the cost of both external and mental problem-solving search. The implemention of these rational prescriptions in neurally plausible architecture is also discussed.
Severe steatohepatitis in a patient with a rare neutral lipid storage disorder due to ABDH5 mutation
Authors: Anna Ronchetti, Daniele Prati, Maria Grazia Pezzotta, Daniela Tavian, Roberto Colombo, Francesco Callea, Agostino Colli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Fatty liver disease is mainly caused by alcohol consumption, excessive body weight, dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance, but inherited disorders can sometimes be involved. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with steatohepatitis and severe portal hypertension, associated with ichthyosis, cataract and hypoacusia. The clinical, pathological and genetic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome (CDS), a rare autosomal recessive inherited neutral lipid storage disorder, and genetic analysis showed that a novel ABHD5 mutation is responsible.
Drug-induced erythrocyte membrane internalization
Authors: Isaac Ben-Bassat, Klaus G. Bensch, Stanley L. Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

In vitro erythrocyte membrane internalization, resulting in the formation of membrane-lined vacuoles, can be quantified by a radioisotopic method. A complex of (37)Co-labeled vitamin B(12) and its plasma protein binders is first adsorbed to the cell surface, and after vacuoles are formed, the noninternalized label is removed by washing and trypsin treatment. The residual radioactivity represents trapped label and can be used to measure the extent of membrane internalization. Using this method, it was found that in addition to primaquine, a group of membrane-active drugs, specifically hydrocortisone, vinblastine, and chlorpromazine can induce membrane internalization in erythrocytes. This is a metabolic process dependent on drug concentration, temperature, and pH. Vacuole formation by all agents tested can be blocked by prior depletion of endogenous substrates or by poisoning the erythrocytes with sodium fluoride and sulfhydryl blocking agents. This phenomenon resembles in some respects the previously reported membrane internalization of energized erythrocyte ghosts. It is suggested that membrane internalization is dependent on an ATP-energized state and is influenced by the balance between the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the membrane. This study provides a basis for proposing a unifying concept of the action of some membrane-active drugs, and for considering the role of erythrocyte membrane internalization in pathophysiologic events.
Pulmonary and systemic aneurysms in a case of widespread arteritis.
Authors: J P Hartley, J S Dinnen, A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (1978)

A patient in whom asthma preceded the development of multiple pulmonary and systemic artery aneurisms died after dissection of the aorta. At necropsy he was found to have widespread arteritis of unknown aetiology affecting many large and medium-sized pulmonary and systemic vessels as well as a few microscopic ones. Endarteritis obliterans was present in some of the vasa vasorum. The clinical and histopathological findings are discussed in relationship to other known causes of arteritis, and it is concluded that this condition has not previously been described.
Altered Twist1 and Hand2 dimerization is associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and limb abnormalities
Authors: Beth A Firulli, Dayana Krawchuk, Victoria E Centonze, Neil Vargesson, David M Virshup, Simon J Conway, Peter Cserjesi, Ed Laufer, Anthony B Firulli
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Cardiac Electrophysiology
Authors: John A. Kastor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Whenever someone dies suddenly and unexpectedly, a bereaved relative is likely to say: "If only we had known, perhaps something could have been done." The cardiologist may respond: "Maybe a CABG [coronary-artery bypass graft] or a ventricular pacemaker might have prevented ventricular fibrillation or heart block and saved him."Whether CABG's prevent sudden death and prolong life is a topic that readers of the Journal have recently had the opportunity to explore at length. Whether a His-bundle study can establish the indications for a prophylactic pacemaker has been less fully discussed but is also highly questionable. According to McAnulty and . . .
Inhibitory effect of short‐chain aliphatic acids on deoxythymidine incorporation into DMA in mitogen‐stimulated and leukemic lymphocytes
Authors: Viktor Stolc
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract The effect of short‐chain aliphatic acids on [ 3 H]deoxythymidine incorporation into DNA was studied in human mitogen‐stimulated lymphocytes. Butyric acid at 1‐‐2 mM level was strongly inhibitory; however, its hydroxy or amino derivatives were ineffective. Valeric and propionic acids were less inhibitory. Formic, acetic, and hexanoic acids did not have any inhibitory effect. The effect of butyrate persisted in washed lymphocytes for 24‐‐48 hr depending on the concentration used and the time of its addition into the incubation medium. The inhibitory effects of butyrate, valerate, and propionate on deoxythymidine and amino acid incorporation into DNA and protein were also found in human leukocytes in myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemias.
Reply from Authors re: Seth A. Strope, Gerald L. Andriole. Prostate-Specific Antigen–Based Risk Assessment in Younger Men. Eur Urol 2012;61:8–9
Authors: Stacy Loeb, H. Ballentine Carter, William J. Catalona, Judd Moul, Fritz H. Schroder
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Use of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive
Authors: A. K Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (1989)

with exogenous cytomegalovirus DNA.The high sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction makes exclusion of specimen contamination very difficult.89It is thus impossible on the basis of the evidence currently available to say whether the polymerase chain reaction can detect cytomegalo- virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from people with latent infection.If the polymerase chain reaction is adequately sensitive for this purpose it may prove valuable in studying the nature of latent cytomegalovirus infection and screening patients for this infection.
Inhibition of outflow cushion mesenchyme formation in retinoic acid-induced complete transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Y. Nakajima, M. Morishima, M. Nakazawa, K. Momma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Endocardial cushion tissue formation, the primordia of valves and septa, is a critical event in cardiac morphogenesis. Maternally administrated all-trans retinoic acid is known to induce complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in the mouse embryo. To address the mechanisms of TGA, the effect of retinoic acid on cushion tissue formation was examined. Using a three-dimensional collagen gel culture model, we performed various types of endothelial-mesenchymal transformation assays of co-cultured endocardium with myocardium obtained from 9.5-day mouse embryonic hearts. In vivo immunohistochemical detections of extracellular matrices, fibronectin and type I collagen, were also performed. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation at the onset of cushion tissue formation was suppressed in the outflow tract of embryos exposed to retinoic acid in culture. This inhibitory effect of retinoic acid was spatially restricted to the outflow tract and reversed by treatment with embryonic myocardial conditioned medium enriched in extracellular inductive molecules. Mesenchyme formation in the outflow tract was inhibited at a lower concentration of retinoic acid (10−10 mol/l) than that which inhibited the atrio-ventricular canal (10−7 mol/1) in culture. The fibronectin and type I collagen depositions in pre-migratory outflow tract cardiac jelly in retinoic acid-treated embryonic heart were reduced compared to those in the control. Exogenously applied retinoic acid inhibits outflow tract cushion mesenchyme formation in the embryonic heart with TGA. It is suggested that retinoic acid inhibits the expression of extracellular matrices and inductive molecules synthesized by myocardium in the outflow tract.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of meptazinol in cirrhosis.
Authors: G G Birnie, G G Thompson, T Murray, G Watkinson, M J Brodie
Journal: Gut (1987)

Kinetic analysis was carried out after single intravenous (25 mg) and oral (200 mg) doses of the novel partial opioid agonist meptazinol (Meptid) in patients with non-cirrhotic liver disease (NCLD) and biopsy proven cirrhosis. Comparison was made with a group of patients with normal hepatic function. Elimination half-lives after the intravenous dose were slightly prolonged in the cirrhotics (n = 10; 4.2 +/- 0.6 h) compared with the control (n = 8; 2.7 +/- 0.2 h: p less than 0.05) and NCLD (n = 8; 3.2 +/- 0.5 h) groups. There was no significant difference in meptazinol plasma clearance between the groups (cirrhotics = 72 +/- 8 l/h; NCLD = 89 +/- 9 l/h; control = 83 +/- 10 l/h). After the oral dose, seven of 15 cirrhotic patients vomited but only one patient in each of the other groups was unable to tolerate the drug (p = 0.06). This may be explained by very much higher peak meptazinol concentrations in the cirrhotic (n = 8; 184 +/- 37 ng/ml, p less than 0.01) and NCLD (n = 8; 131 +/- 38 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) patients than those of the controls (n = 7; 53 +/- 12 ng/ml) reflecting a mean four-fold and two-fold increase in oral bioavailability respectively (cirrhotics: n = 8; 27.9 +/- 5.3%: p less than 0.001; NCLD: n = 7; 13.7 +/- 3.9% p less than 0.05; controls: n = 7; 6.5 +/- 1.3%). There was no evidence of accumulation after chronic dosing with 200 mg meptazinol four times daily for 13 doses in seven control, seven NCLD and six cirrhotic patients. There were no detectable differences in psychomotor function measured objectively using the Leeds Psychomotor Tester of subjectively by linear analogue scoring between the groups in all three parts of the study. The oral use of meptazinol in patients with chronic liver disease is associated more with the development of nausea and vomiting rather than excessive sedation. These data suggest that dosage reduction in cirrhotic patients is advisable particularly if the drug is taken by mouth.
A Hard Look at Cost Containment
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

By the end of 1987, health care expenditures in the United States will have passed the half-trillion-dollar mark. According to forecasts by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Congressional Budget Office, the estimated expenditure of $511 billion will account for 11.4 percent of the gross national product (GNP)1 , 2 — another record high. In 1980 national health expenditures accounted for 9.1 percent of the GNP, just a decade after President Richard Nixon had warned that the nation was facing a health care crisis because its expenditures totaled $75 billion, or 7.5 percent of the GNP.3 Nixon's warning was preceded and . . .
Intolerance of bromocriptine: is metergoline a satisfactory alternative?
Authors: I F Casson, B A Walker, L J Hipkin, P E Belchetz
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Adverse health outcomes associated with particulate matter (PM) exposure are established, yet the mechanistic toxicology relating to their inhalation hazard is less known. In vitro lung systems are a vital model to attain this, though are required to closely mirror human exposures. Thus, methods adopted must be characterised and realistic. Initial studies have compared a nebulised aerosol (VitroCell® ‘Cloud’) and liquid suspension (quasi-air liquid interface (qALI)) exposure methods in lung models comprising alveolar type II cells and macrophages. Printex® 90 Carbon Black (CB) was used as a model particle at deposited concentrations 390, 780, 3,100 ng/cm2 with the Cloud system, and comparable qALI concentrations of 1.64, 3.28, 13.04 µg/ml for 24 hrs. After Cloud exposure, while monocultures showed a non-significant (p&gt;0.05) stepwise concentration dependent decrease in viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), the trend reached significance (p&lt;0.05) in epithelial_macrophage cell co-cultures. qALI exposures did not significantly (p&gt;0.05) affect viability. An ELISA detected presence of IL-6 in epithelial but not macrophage cell supernatant, and was unchanged following CB exposure in either system. qALI exposures caused a non-significant (p&gt;0.05) concentration dependent decrease in IL-8 secretion, potentially through absorption by CB but was unchanged following Cloud exposures. Variation between the systems shows exposure method clearly affects observed cytotoxicity and immune response. Thus, consideration must be made when conducting PM exposure studies in vitro regarding suitability of the specific models and exposure approaches used.