tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic geometry of the left atrium and left ventricle in acute mitral regurgitation.
Authors: S Sasayama, M Takahashi, G Osakada, K Hirose, H Hamashima, E Nishimura, C Kawai
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The instantaneous transverse diameter of the left atrium, left ventricular free wall segment length (SEG), and the long axis of the anterior papillary muscle (APM) length were measured throughout the cardiac cycle, using ultrasonic dimension gauges together with left atrial and left ventricular pressures in 12 open-chest dogs. During atrial contraction, left atrial diameter decreased from 19.7 to 18.7 mm, while left ventricular dimensions increased simultaneously. During ventricular ejection, percent shortening was 26% in SEG and 10% in APM, while atrial diameter increased continuously to 20.5 mm, with a concomitant rise in the v wave of left atrial pressure. After normal mitral valve opening, left atrial diameter decreased rapidly simultaneously with the y descent of atrial pressure. Graded mitral regurgitation was then produced by sectioning the chordae tendineae. With moderate mitral regurgitation, end-diastolic length of the SEG increased by 27%, while extent of shortening (delta L) was augmented by 96%. End-diastolic length of the APM increased by 7%, and delta L was augmented by 60%. Left atrial pressure was sharply elevated, with a distinct a wave followed by the more prominent v wave. End-diastolic diameter of the left atrium was enlarged to 22.9 mm with increased atrial shortening and expansion. As mitral regurgitation was increased to a severe degree by additional chordal rupture, end-diastolic length and delta L continued to increase both in SEG and APM. Left atrial pressure was further elevated (a wave 25 mm Hg and v wave 47 mm Hg). Left atrial end-diastolic diameter further increased in 24.9 mm. However, the amplitude of left atrial shortening and expansion decreased remarkably. In severe mitral regurgitation, isoproterenol and nitroprusside decreased left atrial pressure and diameter, restoring more forceful atrial shortening.
5-Lipoxygenase products regulate basophil functions: 5-Oxo-ETE elicits migration, and leukotriene B4 induces degranulation
Authors: Motoyasu Iikura, Maho Suzukawa, Masao Yamaguchi, Takashi Sekiya, Akiko Komiya, Chitose Yoshimura-Uchiyama, Hiroyuki Nagase, Kouji Matsushima, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Koichi Hirai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Potentiation of tubuloglomerular feedback in the rat by thromboxane mimetic. Role of macula densa.
Authors: W J Welch, C S Wilcox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Because endogenous thromboxane A2 (TXA2) potentiates the tubuloglomerular feedback response (TGF), we studied the mechanism of action of TXA2 by using a stable TXA2/prostaglandin (PG) H2 mimetic, U-46,619. Intravenous infusion of U-46,619 at 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 reduced the GFR and the single-nephron (SN)GFR measured from the distal tubule (macula densa function intact), whereas the SNGFR measured from the proximal tubule (macula densa function interrupted) was not changed consistently. 10-100-fold higher rates of infusion of U-46,619 were required to raise blood pressure or femoral vascular resistance. The regulation of glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) by TGF was assessed in anesthetized rats from changes in proximal stop flow pressure (PSF) and/or SNGFR during perfusion of the loop of Henle (LH) with artificial tubular fluid (ATF). Orthograde loop perfusion and retrograde perfusion of U-46,619 into the macula densa segment reduced PSF. Responses to luminal U-46,619 were blunted by a TXA2-PGH2 receptor antagonist. Orthograde loop perfusions with luminal U-46,619 increased net Cl absorption, whereas coperfusion with furosemide (10(-4) M) blunted the response to U-46,619 by 68%. These data indicated that the luminal U-46,619 might increase the signal for TGF activation by increasing Cl reabsorption in macula densa cells. However, since 80 +/- 4% of [3H]U-46,619 perfused via the LH was reabsorbed peritubular capillaries (PTC) were perfused with U-46,619 to test additional extra-luminal actions. PTC perfusion with U-46,619 again increased TGF by reducing PSF selectively only while macula densa function was intact during perfusion of the LH with ATF. Conclusions: (a) TGF is potentiated by U-46,619 given systematically, via the lumen of the LH by orthograde or retrograde perfusions or via the PTC; (b) at the lower doses tested, reduction of PGC and SNGFR by U-46,619 depends on tubular fluid delivery and reabsorption by the macula densa; (c) potentiation of TGF by U-46,619 entails preglomerular vasoconstriction which may be elicited in part by an increased signal due to increased net chloride reabsorption in the LH and presumably macula densa cells and by an increased sensitivity of the arteriole to macula densa-derived signals; (d) activation of TGF may contribute to the selective vasoconstriction of the renal vascular bed by low doses of U-46,619.
Effect of blood cyclosporine concentration on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor
Authors: Yoshinobu Kanda, Rie Hyo, Takuya Yamashita, Katsumichi Fujimaki, Kumi Oshima, Masahiro Onoda, Takehiko Mori, Toru Sakura, Masatsugu Tanaka, Miwa Sakai, Jun Taguchi, Mineo Kurakawa, Atsuo Maruta, Shinichiro Okamoto, Hisashi Sakamaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

We retrospectively evaluated the effect of the blood cyclosporine (CsA) concentration on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor in 171 patients who received a continuous infusion of CsA and short-course methotrexate to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CsA was started at 3.0 mg/kg/day and the dose was adjusted to maintain the blood CsA concentration between 250 and 350 ng/ml. The actual dose of CsA averaged 1.9 mg/kg/day at the 3rd week after transplantation. The incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 29.9%. Patient age and sex were identified as independent significant risk factors for acute GVHD. The CsA concentration during the 3rd week after transplantation most strongly affected the incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (RR 0.995 for an increase in CsA concentration by 1 ng/ml, P = 0.037) adjusted for other risk factors. The incidence of acute GVHD was significantly lower in patients with a 3rd-week CsA concentration higher than 300 ng/ml than in those with values between 200 and 300 ng/ml (20% vs. 35%, P = 0.036). We concluded that the blood CsA concentration at peri-engraftment period may be important in preventing acute GVHD.
TCT-107 Drug Eluting Stents Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery for Isolated Proximal Left Anterior Descending Artery Stenosis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Alok Saurav, Ajay K. Kaja, Manu Kaushik, Aryan Mooss, Michael DelCore, Michael D. White, Mark Woodruff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Reactions to Total Dose Infusion of Iron Dextran in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: K. N. Lloyd, P. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Ten patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were given a total dose infusion of iron dextran for anaemia. One had an immediate anaphylactoid reaction; the other nine had a brief exacerbation of arthralgia and joint dysfunction of up to seven days' duration. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate rose by an average of 23 mm. in one hour (Westergren), but this often took longer than seven days to settle to the preinfusion level.It is suggested that this response is probably not due to an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis but to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the dextran portion of the iron dextran complex. This treatment is potentially dangerous in rheumatoid arthritis; we recommend a preliminary test dose and that the infusion be started very slowly under supervision.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated release of nitric oxide from canine cultured tracheal epithelium.
Authors: J Tamaoki, M Kondo, H Takemura, A Chiyotani, I Yamawaki, K Konno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO) may play a part in pulmonary vascular regulation and bronchomotor control and has been detected in exhaled air. We report the release of NO from airway epithelial cells and its regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). To directly measure NO release, a highly specific amperometric sensor for NO made of Pt/Ir alloy coated with a three-layered membrane consisting of KCI, NO-selective resin, and normal silicon resin was developed. Immersion of this sensor in the medium containing canine cultured tracheal epithelium detected baseline levels of NO at 9.6 +/- 1.6 nM (mean +/- SE), which was reduced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) but not by D-NAME. This inhibition was reversed by L-arginine. Addition of isoproterenol, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and forskolin caused a rapid increase in NO, an effect that was not altered by Ca(2+)-free medium in the presence of the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM and the calmodulin antagonist W-7. Bradykinin, ionomycin, and ATP were without effect on NO release. The forskolin-induced NO release was accompanied by intracellular accumulation of cAMP and Ca2+. In contrast, bradykinin increased intracellular Ca2+ but not cAMP levels. Cytochemistry of cultured tracheal epithelium showed a positive staining with NADPH diaphorase activity. These results suggest that airway epithelial cells spontaneously release NO and that the release may be stimulated specifically through cAMP-dependent mechanism.
A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC AMONG THE MIAO PEOPLE OF HAINAN
Authors: Nathaniel Bercovitz
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —May 1, 1918, a man came out of the mountains in the interior of Hainan from a Miao village, stating that smallpox had broken out, and asking for vaccine. The Miao people are semiaboriginal, and live by themselves in the depths of the forest. An epidemic of any kind is liable to be extremely disastrous to them. An assistant was sent in with vaccine. June 13, the chief of the village came to the hospital and reported that smallpox had carried off nearly half of the village. Knowing that the vaccine sent in had been fresh, this information was surprising, and close inquiry brought out the following facts: The epidemic had been extremely fatal. All unvaccinated persons infected died. There were a number in the village not vaccinated, because a sufficient supply was not available, and it takes from two to three weeks for a supply to
Value of QRS alteration in determining the site of origin of narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M Green, B Heddle, W Dassen, M Wehr, H Abdollah, P Brugada, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To determine the value of alternation of QRS morphology in determining the site of origin of sustained narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), we retrospectively studied 163 distinct tachycardias in 161 patients (ages 4 to 91 years) in whom the site of origin of SVT was proven by intracardiac electrophysiologic study. Sustained SVT was defined as lasting longer than 30 sec. Narrow QRS was defined as QRS width less than 0.12 sec. Atrial fibrillation and flutter were excluded. The presence or absence of QRS alternation was judged at least 10 sec after initiation of SVT. Circus movement tachycardia with anterograde AV node conduction and a retrograde accessory AV pathway was seen in 89 patients (58 with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 31 with concealed accessory pathway); intra-AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNT) was present in 57 cases, and 17 tachycardias were atrial in origin. QRS alternation was present in 36 of 163 cases (22%). In only eight of these 36 did RR interval length alternation accompany alternation in QRS morphology. Thirty-three of 36 (92%) tachycardias with QRS alternation were circus movement tachycardias. Two were atrial in origin and one was AVNT. We conclude that the presence of QRS alternation during sustained narrow QRS SVT is highly indicative of a retrograde accessory AV pathway in the tachycardia circuit.
The effect of various treatments on the size of sebaceous glands of hairless mice and hairless hamsters
Authors: W. PICTON, C. CLARK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article The effect of various treatments on the size of sebaceous glands of hairless mice and hairless hamsters Get access W. PICTON, W. PICTON Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Scientific Development Group, Organon Laboratories Ltd, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML15SH, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. CLARK C. CLARK Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Scientific Development Group, Organon Laboratories Ltd, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML15SH, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 3, 1 March 1977, Pages 277–282, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb06137.x Published: 01 March 1977
Dialysis outcomes and analysis of practice patterns suggests the dialysis schedule affects day-of-week mortality
Authors: Hui Zhang, Douglas E. Schaubel, John D. Kalbfleisch, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Bruce M. Robinson, Ronald L. Pisoni, Bernard Canaud, Michel Jadoul, Takashi Akiba, Akira Saito, Friedrich K. Port, Rajiv Saran
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Cardiac carbohydrate metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: J Chatham
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that, shortly after the development of Type-2 diabetes, alterations in cardiac carbohydrate metabolism precede the onset of abnormalities in systolic function. Methods: Hearts from 11-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and age matched controls were perfused in the isovolumic Langendorff mode with 13C-labeled glucose, lactate and pyruvate and unlabeled fatty acids. 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance glutamate isotopomer analysis was carried out to determine the contributions of substrates to energy production. Results: The ZDF group was hyperglycemic and the relative flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was significantly depressed compared to lean controls. In the lean group, lactate, pyruvate and glucose contributed 64±3, 24±3 and 11±1%, respectively, to total pyruvate oxidation. In the ZDF group, the contribution of glucose both to total pyruvate oxidation and to tissue lactate and alanine formation was significantly depressed. Cardiac function assessed by the rate-pressure product was similar in both groups. The fraction of active PDH was decreased in the ZDF group compared to controls (p<0.025). Conclusions: These results highlight significant changes in cardiac carbohydrate metabolism shortly after the development of hyperglycemia in a model of Type 2 diabetes in the absence of overt changes in systolic function.
Jerusalem Arabs have higher rate of heart attacks than Jews, study finds
Authors: Shahid Osman
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Arabs in Jerusalem are twice as likely to die from coronary heart disease than their Jewish neighbours, new research shows. It also found in a comparison with 20 other countries that Jerusalem Arabs have the highest likelihood of coronary events.

The study found that Arab men in Jerusalem had a 58% greater chance of contracting heart disease than Jewish men in the city and were almost three times more likely to die from the disease (rate ratio 2.79) ( International Journal of Epidemiology 2006;35:448-57).

Arab women in Jerusalem were twice as likely to have coronary heart disease (rate ratio 2.37) as Jewish women and two and half times likely to die from the condition (rate ratio 2.66), report the researchers, from Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem.

The study, which was funded by the Israel Ministry of Health, used a World Health Organization protocol to standardise the data and compare …
Diphenidol For Levodopa Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Roger C. Duvoisin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Nausea, anorexia, and vomiting are frequent side effects in the initial phases of therapy with levodopa in parkinsonism. With time, most patients develop a tolerance, and it is possible with small doses and successive increments to reach a therapeutically effective dose without occasionally provoking more than mild nausea and malaise. However, some patients fail to develop significant tolerance despite careful adjustment, and a few particularly sensitive patients develop severe nausea or vomiting even with the initial doses of levodopa.  Since these side effects appear to reflect a central action at the medullary vomiting center similar to that of apomorphine hydrochloride and epinephrine1,2a specific antiemetic drug that does not adversely affect the parkinsonian state nor antagonize the therapeutic action of levodopa would be useful. Unfortunately, most of the specific antiemetics presently available are phenothiazine derivatives. Among the few specific antiemetics available that are not also neuroleptic
Essentials of Echocardiography
Authors: Jeff Z. Brooker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

There have been several technical monographs on echocardiography written by pioneers in the field in this country. The present monograph was designed, its authors affirm, not as a competitive monograph for books by these basic investigators. Rather, the authors' aim was to provide an illustrated guide of characteristic echocardiographic demonstrations with appropriate explanation for medical students, house officers, primary care physicians, and internists who are not directly involved in performing or interpreting echocardiographic studies but who have a great need for understanding the interpretations and information afforded by this technique. The book is very thorough in its presentation and moves in an orderly sequence through the various intracardiac structures, which are commonly visualized rather well by echocardiography. The usually accepted normal ranges of echocardiographic dimensions are listed in a conspicuous location in the first chapter. Very good references are supplied for those who desire to read further on any one
Universal health coverage: a policy whose time has come
Authors: M. E. Kruk
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It is both the right and the smart thing to do 

Despite competition from a panoply of other health challenges, universal health coverage has been increasingly in the spotlight. Universal health coverage is defined as the ability of all people to obtain good quality health services when they need them, without experiencing financial hardship.1 The topic of two recent reports by the World Health Organization, it has been proposed for inclusion in the new global development agenda that will replace the millennium development goals after 2015.

Adding to the push for universal health coverage is a new report jointly published by Save the Children, Rockefeller Foundation, Unicef, and WHO, which was launched at the 68th United Nations general assembly in New York this September.2 The report makes a compelling case for why universal health coverage is needed for rich and poor countries alike.

Unlike previous global health policy initiatives, the policy aims to expand access to healthcare and to protect people from financial hardship as a result of receiving care. Around 150 million people annually spend more than 40% of their non-food budget on healthcare—so called catastrophic health spending.3 These figures underestimate the problem because they exclude …
Seasonal changes in lead absorption in laboratory rats.
Authors: J C Barton, W J Huster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

A retrospective study of the relationship of season to the absorption of radiolead in laboratory rats was performed using data representing 305 animals from 36 experiments over 6 calendar years. Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g were given 1 microgram of radiolabeled lead in an aqueous solution, pH 4.0, in isolated small intestine, and absorption of the radiolead was quantified after a 4-hour interval using whole-body counting. Similar values of absorption occurred in the summer (June-August) and fall (September-November), 20.51 +/- 1.11% (1 SEM) and 23.0 +/- 1.23% of the test dose, respectively, but significantly lower values occurred in the winter (December-February) and spring (March-May): 16.51 +/- 0.77%, p less than 0.01, and 11.87 +/- 0.99%, p less than 0.01, respectively. Harmonic analysis yielded an excellent approximation of the mean quarterly absorption data. The resulting cosine function had a period of 4.08 +/- 0.05 quarter-years with an amplitude of 7.32 +/- 1.06%; predicted peak absorption values fell precisely between summer and fall. The relationships of these observations to possible mechanisms of lead absorption and to summertime epidemics of lead poisoning in children are discussed.
Genital Herpes and Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Ernst Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Corey, in his scholarly review of the diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes (1982; 248:1041), did not mention erythema multiforme under his list of complications of recurrent genital herpes infection. Erythema multiforme caused by herpes is uncommon, and— in my experience—physicians are usually unaware of this association. Unlike herpes, this complication is treatable; it responds dramatically to corticoids administered for systemic effects. Once the association between recurrent herpes simplex and erythema multiforme is recognized, future misery can be avoided by a one- to two-week course of corticoids administered for systemic effects started at the first sign of erythema multiforme.
Rising Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Germany
Authors: Andreas Neu, Stefan Ehehalt, Andre Willasch, Martin Kehrer, Regine Hub, Michael B. Ranke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Epidemiological studies from all parts of the world have reported increases in incidence of type 1 diabetes (1). In a 6-year population-based study that concluded in 1993 and was published in 1997, the incidence of type 1 diabetes in German children 0–14 years of age was reported to be 11.6 per 100,000 children a year (95% CI 10.9–12.2) (2). Using the Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW) incidence registry, data regarding 2,525 children with diabetes were analyzed over a 12-year period. Our objective was to determine the most recent trends in the incidence of childhood diabetes in Germany.

BW is a federal state in Southwest Germany. The total number of inhabitants was 10.4 million at the time of this research, and 1.8 million (16.9%) were younger than 15 years of age. This corresponds to 13.3% of the total child population in Germany. These population data were drawn from a national census in 1987 and the official yearly update thereafter.

Patients were registered according to European Diabetes (EURODIAB) …