tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repair of the ruptured thoracic aorta using left ventriculo-aortic support
Authors: P. J. Molloy
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Details of three cases of ruptured thoracic aorta are presented with reference to important diagnostic features, particularly hypertension, radiograph appearances and development of murmurs. An account of left ventriculo-aortic support for the distal circulation is given. This uses the ventricle as the pump, in circumstances where left atrio-femoral bypass may not be practicable, and is shown to be technically satisfactory and to provide adequate distal support.
The Relation Between Hyperglycemia and Outcomes in 2,471 Patients Admitted to the Hospital With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Finlay A. McAlister, Sumit R. Majumdar, Sandra Blitz, Brian H. Rowe, Jacques Romney, Thomas J. Marrie
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE— To examine whether hyperglycemia at the time of presentation was associated with outcomes in patients admitted to non–intensive care settings with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients admitted to six hospitals between 15 November 2000 and 14 November 2002. RESULTS— Of the 2,471 patients in this study (median age 75 years), 279 (11%) had serum glucose at presentation &amp;gt;11 mmol/l: 178 of the 401 patients (44%) with a prior diagnosis of diabetes and 101 of the 2,070 patients (5%) without a history of diabetes. Of patients hospitalized with CAP, 9% died and 23% suffered an in-hospital complication. Compared with those with values ≤11 mmol/l, patients with an admission glucose &amp;gt;11 mmol/l had an increased risk of death (13 vs. 9%, P = 0.03) and in-hospital complications (29 vs. 22%, P = 0.01). Compared with those patients with admission glucose ≤6.1 mmol/l, the mortality risk was 73% higher (95% CI 12–168%) and the in-hospital complication risk was 52% higher (12–108%) in patients with admission glucose &amp;gt;11 mmol/l. Even after adjustment for factors in the Pneumonia Severity Index, hyperglycemia on admission remained significantly associated with subsequent adverse outcomes: for each 1-mmol/l increase, risk of in-hospital complications increased 3% (0.2–6%). CONCLUSIONS— Hyperglycemia on admission is independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CAP, with the increased risks evident at lower glucose levels than previously reported.
THE MORBID ANATOMIC EVIDENCES OF THE LYMPHATIC CONSTITUTION IN IDIOPATHIC EPILEPSY.
Authors: A. P. OHLMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

This opportunity of demonstrating before the Chicago Pathological Society a series of specimens illustratrating some recent studies upon the morbid anatomy of epilepsy is one for which I am grateful, and it is a pleasure to thank my friend, Dr. Hektoen, and his associate, Dr. Le Count, for their kindness in according me the privilege of bringing to your notice a subject in which I am intensely interested, and one which, since it involves the intelligent examination of gross pathologic objects, seems especially adapted for presentation before a society composed of experienced pathologists. Not to overstep the bounds of propriety incident to this particular meeting I shall endeavor to condense as much as possible what seems necessary to say in explanation of the objects submitted to your inspection. In the course of an investigation into the pathology of epilepsy, carried on since last July at the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics,
Chemical Exploration of the Brain: A Study of Cerebral Excitability and Ion Movement.
Authors: Leo G. Abood
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The primary objective of this volume is to explore the possible interrelationships of biochemistry and function (or "cerebral excitability") within the nervous system. A considerable portion of this effort is devoted to the chemistry and physiological properties of membranes and their presumed relationship to the problem of ion transport and excitability. Among the topics discussed are the relationship of metabolism to excitation; the role of lipids, phosphoproteins, and enzymes in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and transport; and certain morphological characteristics relating to membrane structure and metabolism. Some effort is devoted to reviewing a few selected theories regarding the problems of ion transport in excitable tissues. Unfortunately much of the discussion of such theories as well as the material as a whole suffer from the bias of the author's views on the subject. This volume is of value in that it exemplifies the kind of thinking and methodology involved in
Diagnostic Problems in Cyanotic Heart Disease in the Adult.
Authors: G. C. Friesinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Diagnostic Problems in Cyanotic Heart Disease in the Adult.G. C. Friesinger, M.D., J. M. Criley, M.D., R. S. Ross, M.D., F.A.C.P.G. C. Friesinger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. M. Criley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. S. Ross, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-667_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCyanotic congenital heart disease is usually described as it presents in childhood. Little emphasis has been placed on the features which occasionally permit long survival and at the same time make the classic findings (as seen in children) less evident. Survival to adult life usually indicates a less severe form of malformation, but correction may still be possible and desirable in order to promote longevity and prevent complications.In a series of 25 cyanotic adults, we encountered a wide variety of lesions which often were not recognizable solely by clinical means. The entities likely to be confused with the tetralogy... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 667-667KeywordsCardiovascular therapyChildrenCongenital heart diseaseLesions Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Screening of Asymptomatic Women for Endometrial Cancer
Authors: L. G. Koss, K. Schreiber, S. G. Oberlander, M. Moukhtar, H. S. Levine, H. F. Moussouris
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1981)

This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1,280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by two endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study, eight histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, two of which were deeply invasive. With one exception, the eight patients were either obese or had a history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed.
Variable region gene analysis of B cell subsets derived from a 4-year-old child: somatically mutated memory B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age.
Authors: U Klein, R Küppers, K Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Tonsillar germinal center and immunoglobulin M+ (IgM+)IgD+ B cells as well as peripheral blood (PB) CD5+ and CD5- (conventional) B cells from a 4-yr-old child were isolated and nucleotide sequences of expressed Ig heavy chain variable regions encoded by VH4 gene family members were determined from amplified cDNA. Whereas both tonsillar IgM+IgD+ cells and the majority of IgM-expressing CD5+ and CD5- PB B cells showed no or little somatic mutation, tonsillar germinal center (GC) B cells and IgG-expressing PB B cells carried a high load of somatic mutations in their V region genes. This suggests that somatically mutated memory B cells which have switched isotype accumulate in the PB already at young age. Their frequency seems to increase with age. On the other hand, the antibody repertoire of tonsillar IgM+IgD+ B cells and the majority of IgM-expressing PB B cells is determined by germline-encoded specificities and by generation of variability in the complementary determining region III through VH-DH-JH recombination. A fraction of IgM-bearing PB B cells carries somatically mutated V region genes and probably represents GC-derived B cells which have left the GC at an early stage of the GC reaction without undergoing isotype switching. 10 VH4 germline genes were found to be expressed. Three gene segments were overrepresented in the sequence collection (35 of 50 clones): VH4.21 (30%), V71-4 (20%), and 3D279D (20%). It appears that most potentially functional VH4 germline genes are expressed in peripheral B cells. Some members of this VH gene family are clearly overrepresented over others.
FoxO-Mediated Defense against Oxidative Stress in Osteoblasts Is Indispensable for Skeletal Homeostasis in Mice
Authors: Elena Ambrogini, Maria Almeida, Marta Martin-Millan, Ji-Hye Paik, Ronald A. DePinho, Li Han, Joseph Goellner, Robert S. Weinstein, Robert L. Jilka, Charles A. O'Brien, Stavros C. Manolagas
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction. Evidence for and mechanisms of the self-protection of bovine microvascular endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.
Authors: A Dobrina, P Patriarca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Bovine microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) were able to degrade the H2O2 generated by phorbol myristate acetate-activated bovine neutrophils or by glucose oxidase with a maximal capacity of 4.0 +/- 1.2 (SD) nmol/10(6) cells/min, corresponding to the H2O2 released by about 3 X 10(6) neutrophils. H2O2 degradation occurred via the glutathione redox cycle and catalase. Degradation via the glutathione redox cycle was coupled with a marked stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity. The effect of H2O2 on ethidium bromide exclusion and on succinate oxidation was studied. Neither parameter was altered when MEC were exposed to H2O2 produced at rates within their degradative capacity. As soon as this was exceeded, impairment of both functions occurred. It is concluded that endothelial cells can protect themselves from H2O2-induced injury in a well-defined range of environmental H2O2 concentrations by actively degrading the peroxide.
Evidence based prescribing
Authors: Simon R J Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Is the goal, but prescribers still need education, experience, and common sense 

E vidence based medicine has been defined as “the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.”1 Few areas of medical practice have felt the effects of this movement more clearly than prescribing. Until recently doctors could prescribe medicines without worrying that their choices might be judged against evidence accumulated in the world's literature. Now, prescribers are increasingly expected to back up their decisions with evidence.2 Enthusiasm for evidence based prescribing is welcome and should lead to safer and more effective use of medicines. But it also poses some real problems for prescribers.

Reliable information to underpin everyday prescribing decisions at the point of prescription is hard to find. One solution is to provide modern information technology systems in the consulting room or at the bedside.3 But even these may deliver too much unfiltered information including some original research, some guidance derived from research, …
Fluid dynamics of aortic stenosis: subvalvular gradients without subvalvular obstruction.
Authors: J J Bird, J P Murgo, A Pasipoularides
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Analysis of a tapering, pulsatile flow field predicts that substantial subvalvular pressure gradients exist in patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) without invoking a second anatomic site of obstruction. Using a catheter with two laterally mounted micromanometers, we examined the left ventricle in 11 patients with AS, mean age 64 +/- 11 years (+/- SD); the mean valve area was 1.0 +/- 0.3 cm2. Simultaneous measurements were made in (1) the left ventricular (LV) chamber and the LV outflow tract (LVOT) and (2) the LVOT and ascending aorta (AO). No patient had anatomic evidence of a subvalvular obstruction, but large subvalvular gradients were present in all. The average peak LV-LVOT and LV-AO gradients were 41 +/- 17 mm Hg and 58 +/- 23 mm Hg, respectively. Flow velocity was electromagnetically derived in two patients. The LV-LVOT gradient was associated with an increased flow velocity in the LVOT. This study suggests that large subvalvular gradients are present in AS and help overcome blood's inertia to convective and local accelerations in the tapering subvalvular flow field.
Volumetric analysis of LAD-diagonal and LCX-obtuse marginal coronary bifurcations: An intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Ozer Badak, Paul Schoenhagen, Samir Kapadia, Taro Tsunoda, Tim Crowe, Steven E. Nissen, E. Murat Tuzcu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Collision of Excitation Waves in the Dog Purkinje System
Authors: Madison S. Spach, Roger C. Barr, Gerald S. Serwer, Edward A. Johnson, J. Mailen Kootsey
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The ventricular conduction system of the dog was explored with a 50µ extracellular electrode in an in vitro preparation with an intact right and left ventricular bundle branch system connected at the bundle of His. Two pacing electrodes at opposite ends of a functionally single strand produced collision of excitation waves with a distinctive extracellular wave form (uniphasic and positive instead of biphasic). The only changes in the intracellular potential associated with collision were a decrease in the time constant of the foot and an increase in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential, changes not uniquely produced hy collisions. During pacing at one point, collisions were detected at many places throughout the conduction system. The peripheral Purkinje system consisted of fine strands forming a network of interconnecting swirls, each covering 2-25 mm 2 Collisions were found in all swirls and their sites often shifted with a shift in the pacemaker site. Collisions also shifted in location between basic and premature beats which originated from a single point on the bundle of His.
<i>UGT1A1</i> polymorphism outweighs the modest effect of deletional (−3.7 kb) α‐thalassemia on cholelithogenesis in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Vicky Chaar, Lysiane Kéclard, Maryse Etienne‐Julan, Jean Pierre Diara, Jacques Elion, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy, Marc Romana
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Enhanced erythrocyte destruction in sickle cell anemia results in chronic hyperbilirubinemia. Only a subset of patients develop cholelithiasis. UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism is associated both with unconjugated bilirubin level and elevated risk for cholelithiasis in such subset. Here, we investigated the role of α‐thalassemia, yet another genetic factor that modulates hemolysis, in conferring protection from cholelithiasis. We show that, although α‐thalassemia is associated with modest reduction in hemolysis and unconjugated bilirubin level, UGT1A1 polymorphism outweighs its effect on cholethiogenesis in sickle cell anemia patients. Am. J. Hematol. 81:377–379, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health journal is launched jointly by Israelis and Palestinians
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Coinciding with a new mood of cautious optimism in the Middle East over a possible rapprochement between Israelis and Palestinians, the World Health Organization has launched a public health magazine that professionals from both communities are producing together.

Called Bridges , the 32 page glossy journal—meant for professionals and informed lay people—is the only WHO public health magazine produced by vying nations in an area of conflict.

Its first issue, published after less than four months of preparation and printed in Tel Aviv in 3500 copies, is devoted mostly to the theme of poverty and health …
Quebec board denied list of patients with cardiac devices
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Quebec Health Insurance Board has been denied access by the province’s superior court and a US medical device maker to a list of cardiac patients fitted with heart valves and annuloplasty rings that are the subject of class action lawsuits in Canada, the United States, and Europe (www.cbc.ca/health, 9 Aug, “Legal bid to release list of Quebec heart patients with questionable valves rejected”).

The device manufacturer, St Jude Medical, based in St Paul, Minnesota, issued a worldwide recall of the devices in 2000 and says that it is not required to provide the patient list that the Quebec board demands. Quebec’s Superior Court judge Andre Roy …
Canine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. TRANSMISSION OF SEROLOGIC ABNORMALITIES BY CELL-FREE FILTRATES
Authors: Robert M. Lewis, Janine Andre-Schwartz, Gerald S. Harbis, Martin S. Hirsch, Paul H. Black, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The presence of viruses was sought in a colony of dogs bred from parents with systemic lupus crythematosus (SLE). Cell-free filtrates prepared from the spleens of these animals were injected into newborn dogs, mice, and rats. The canine recipients developed antinuclear antibody (ANA) and positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell tests: ANA and, in some cases, antinative DNA antibodies were produced by the murine recipients: no abnormalities were detected in the rats. Serial passage of spleen cells or cell-free filtrates of spleen tissue in syngeneic mice reduced the time required for appearance of ANA from 9 to 4 mo. Some murine recipients of the canine filtrate developed malignant lymphomas. Murine leukemia viruses were identified in these tumors by electron microscopic, virologic, and serologic technics. These neoplasms, but not other tumors known to contain murine leukemia viruses, were associated with the production of ANA. Puppies inoculated with the canine filtrate-induced mouse lymphoma developed ANA and positive LE cell tests within 4 mo. THE RESULTS WERE INTERPRETED TO INDICATE THE PRESENCE IN CANINE SLE OF A VIRUS CAPABLE OF: (a) inducing the serologic abnormalities of SLE in normal dogs and mice: (b) activating latent murine leukemia viruses: and (c) spreading by both horizonal and vertical routes.
Brewer's Yeast in Tuberculosis.
Authors: Julius Ullman
Journal: JAMA (1901)

To the Editor:\p=m-\Everylittle while there appears a statement in one of our medical journals concerning some doctor who is or was\p=m-\for this statement usually appears in an obituary notice "the original of Mark Twain's doctor in 'Innocents Abroad.' " There is, accordingly, a possibility that the original doctor of "Innocents Abroad" may become as numerous as the original Uncle Tom of Mrs. Stowe's famous novel.I have no doubt that these
Ultrasensitive human prion detection in cerebrospinal fluid by real-time quaking-induced conversion
Authors: Ryuichiro Atarashi, Katsuya Satoh, Kazunori Sano, Takayuki Fuse, Naohiro Yamaguchi, Daisuke Ishibashi, Takehiro Matsubara, Takehiro Nakagaki, Hitoki Yamanaka, Susumu Shirabe, Masahito Yamada, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Tetsuyuki Kitamoto, Genevieve Klug, Amelia McGlade, Steven J Collins, Noriyuki Nishida
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
NHS "hack day" will reward apps and software tools that help patients and doctors
Authors: A. Tavare
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The NHS in England is to hold its first “hack day” to try to develop new software tools to improve health. The two day event on 26 and 27 May in central London will convene clinicians, computer programmers, and web designers to try to rapidly build software tools and smartphone “apps” (applications) to help improve the lives of patients and doctors.

Hack days, also known as software development days, are collaborative events where software developers work together intensely for short periods to construct technological solutions to real world problems.

The initiative is the brainchild of Carl Reynolds, a junior …
Clinical Problems: Subclinical Brucella Infection in Man
Authors: R. J. Henderson, D. M. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Much subclinical infection with Brucella abortus affects the dairy farming community, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinary surgeons. High titres of antibody to B. abortus by the saline agglutination, antihuman globulin, or complement fixation test may be shown in subjects from the first two groups and generally there are no symptoms or signs of brucella infection whatever. Veterinary surgeons are prone to subclinical infection and young practitioners frequently display high titres against the usual tests at the same time apparently enjoying good health. Repeated reinfection of this group, however, may result in hypersensitivity to B. abortus and bouts of ill health at intervals may be due to this. Infection seems to come more often from contact with infected material than by drinking untreated milk, particularly in the herdsman, slaughterhouse worker, and veterinary surgeon. A doctor investigating illness of a patient from the dairy farming community and allied occupations should not accept a high titre against B. abortus as the only clue to diagnosis of the patient's condition.
Rectal Mucosal Microvascular Blood Supply Increase Is Associated with Colonic Neoplasia
Authors: Andrew J. Gomes, Hemant K. Roy, Vladimir Turzhitsky, Young Kim, Jeremy D. Rogers, Sarah Ruderman, Valentina Stoyneva, Michael J. Goldberg, Laura K. Bianchi, Eugene Yen, Alexey Kromine, Mohammed Jameel, Vadim Backman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Endoscopic examination has proven effective in both detecting and preventing colorectal cancer; however, only about a quarter of eligible patients undergo screening. Even if the compliance rate increased, limited endoscopic capacity and cost would be prohibitive. There is a need for an accurate method to target colonoscopy to those most at risk of harboring colonic neoplasia. Exploiting field carcinogenesis seems to be a promising avenue. Our group recently reported that an early increase in blood supply (EIBS) is a reliable marker of field carcinogenesis in experimental models. We now investigate whether in situ detection of EIBS in the rectum can predict neoplasia elsewhere in the colon.We developed a novel polarization-gated spectroscopy fiber-optic probe that allows depth-selective interrogation of microvascular blood content. Using the probe, we examined the blood content in vivo from the rectal mucosa of 216 patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.Microvascular blood content was increased by approximately 50% in the endoscopically normal rectal mucosa of patients harboring advanced adenomas when compared with neoplasia-free patients irrespective of lesion location. Demographic factors and nonneoplastic lesions did not confound this observation. Logistic regression using mucosal oxyhemoglobin concentration and patient age resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 82%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 for the detection of advanced adenomas.Increased microvascular blood supply in the normal rectal mucosa is associated with the presence of clinically significant neoplasia elsewhere in the colon, supporting the development of rectal EIBS as a colon cancer risk-stratification tool.