tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ANTIBODIES
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Kai O. Pedersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Highly purified rabbit Type III pneumococcus anticarbohydrate proved to be homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and its sedimentation constant, 7.0.10(-13), did not differ from that of the principal component of normal rabbit globulin or of immune rabbit globulin containing up to 50 per cent of anti-egg albumin. The molecular weight of antibody in the rabbit is therefore probably very close to that of the principal normal globulin component, namely, 150,000. 2. Highly purified horse Type I pneumococcus anticarbohydrate, on the other hand, was only homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge when prepared from sera stored without preservative. Its sedimentation constant, 18.4.10(-13), coincided with that of the principal globulin component in most of the Felton solutions and purified antibody solutions studied. The molecular weight of pneumococcus anticarbohydrate in the horse is probably three to four times that of the principal normal globulin component. 3. The significance of the differences between pneumococcus anticarbohydrate formed in the rabbit and in the horse is discussed. 4. Results are given of ultracentrifuge studies on the molecular species in solutions of egg albumin-anti-egg albumin specific precipitates dissolved in excess egg albumin. The implications of the results are discussed.
Book Review More Guns, Less Crime: Understanding crime and gun-control laws By John R. Lott, Jr. 225 pp. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1998. $23. 0-226-49363-6 Making a Killing: The business of guns in America By Tom Diaz. 233 pp. New York, New Press, 1999. $25. 1-56584-470-X
Authors: David Hemenway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Transcription factor c-Maf mediates the TGF-β-dependent suppression of IL-22 production in TH17 cells
Authors: Sascha Rutz, Rajkumar Noubade, Céline Eidenschenk, Naruhisa Ota, Wenwen Zeng, Yan Zheng, Jason Hackney, Jiabing Ding, Harinder Singh, Wenjun Ouyang
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Benchmark concentrations for methylmercury obtained from the Seychelles Child Development Study.
Authors: K S Crump, C Van Landingham, C Shamlaye, C Cox, P W Davidson, G J Myers, T W Clarkson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Methylmercury is a neurotoxin at high exposures, and the developing fetus is particularly susceptible. Because exposure to methylmercury is primarily through fish, concern has been expressed that the consumption of fish by pregnant women could adversely affect their fetuses. The reference dose for methylmercury established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was based on a benchmark analysis of data from a poisoning episode in Iraq in which mothers consumed seed grain treated with methylmercury during pregnancy. However, exposures in this study were short term and at much higher levels than those that result from fish consumption. In contrast, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) based its proposed minimal risk level on a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) derived from neurologic testing of children in the Seychelles Islands, where fish is an important dietary staple. Because no adverse effects from mercury were seen in the Seychelles study, the ATSDR considered the mean exposure in the study to be a NOAEL. However, a mean exposure may not be a good indicator of a no-effect exposure level. To provide an alternative basis for deriving an appropriate human exposure level from the Seychelles study, we conducted a benchmark analysis on these data. Our analysis included responses from batteries of neurologic tests applied to children at 6, 19, 29, and 66 months of age. We also analyzed developmental milestones (age first walked and first talked). We explored a number of dose-response models, sets of covariates to include in the models, and definitions of background response. Our analysis also involved modeling responses expressed as both continuous and quantal data. The most reliable analyses were considered to be represented by 144 calculated lower statistical bounds on the benchmark dose (BMDLs; the lower statistical bound on maternal mercury hair level corresponding to an increase of 0.1 in the probability of an adverse response) derived from the modeling of continuous responses. The average value of the BMDL in these 144 analyses was 25 ppm mercury in maternal hair, with a range of 19 to 30 ppm.
GUMMA OF THE FOREHEAD WITH RINGWORM: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Herman Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The recent report of penile chancre with ringworm<sup>1</sup>recalls the following case: M. S., aged 32, married, presented himself at the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital (in the service of Dr. C. M. Williams, absent on military duty), June 11, 1917, with an eruption on the forehead, over the right eyebrow but not involving the hair there. The lesion was about the area of a half dollar, raised and rather firm, without evidence of vesiculation at the border or of ulceration in any part. The patient said that, except for its appearance, the lesion was not the source of any subjective symptoms, such as itching or burning. The lesion had reached the size mentioned about two weeks previously. No history of syphilis was elicited. The wife and only child were supposedly healthy. My clinical diagnosis was gumma; but, to satisfy one of the associates that there was no
Broca's area: Motor encoding in somatic space
Authors: Peter T. Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Encoding articulate speech is widely accepted as the principal (or sole) role of the frontal operculum. Clinical observations of speech apraxia have been confirmed by brain-imaging studies of speech production. We present evidence that the frontal operculum also programs limb movements. We argue that this area is a ventral counterpart of the dorsal premotor area. The two are functionally distinguished by specialization for somatic and visual space, respectively.
Hernia and Gall-Bladder Surgery in Patients over Seventy
Authors: Frederick P. Ross, David F. Hickok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE impact of an aging population has produced significant changes in the opinion of the medical profession about medical and surgical therapy, just as it has in the political and sociologic thinking of the nation. Much has been written about the treatment of degenerative diseases and cancer in these patients, and there is more and more agreement that age alone is never a contraindication to proper surgical treatment.1 Much of the discussion has revolved around the treatment of cancer, vascular insufficiencies or other problems prevalent in older people.2 To determine the effect of age on some surgical procedures it seemed . . .
Why Acute-Care Hospitals Must Undertake Long-Term Care
Authors: Edward W. Campion, Axel Bang, Maurice I. May
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

FROM 1970 to 1980 the elderly population (those over age 65) grew by 14.8 per cent in Massachusetts and by 27.3 per cent in the country as a whole. The population over the age of 85 — 22 per cent of whom are institutionalized in the United States — grew by 53 per cent in the state and by 48 per cent in the United States.1 This "graying of America" promises to continue (Table 1) and will radically change the future patient mix in acute-care hospitals. By 1978 the elderly accounted for more than 48 per cent of patient-days in . . .
Lentiviral Vectors for Enhanced Gene Expression in Human Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Ali Ramezani, Teresa S. Hawley, Robert G. Hawley
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Accumulated data indicate that current generation lentiviral vectors, which generally utilize an internal human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early region enhancer-promoter to transcribe the gene of interest, are not yet optimized for efficient expression in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). As a first step toward this goal, we constructed self-inactivating derivatives of the HIV-1-based transfer vector pHR' containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as reporter and the Woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE). GFP expression was driven by a variety of strong viral and cellular promoters, including the murine stem cell virus (MSCV) long terminal repeat (LTR), a Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) LTR, the human elongation factor 1alpha (EF1alpha) promoter, the composite CAG promoter (consisting of the CMV immediate early enhancer and the chicken beta-actin promoter), and the human phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK) promoter. In contrast to results obtained in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, in which the CMV promoter expressed GFP at the highest levels, significantly higher levels of GFP expression (3- to 5-fold) were achieved with the MSCV LTR, the EF1alpha promoter, and the CAG promoter in the human HSPC line KG1a. Removal of the WPRE indicated that it stimulated GFP expression from all of the vectors in KG1a cells (up to 3-fold), although it only marginally improved the performance of the intron-containing EF1alpha and CAG promoters (<1.5-fold stimulation). The vectors using the MSCV LTR, the GALV LTR, and the PGK promoter were the most efficient at transducing primary human CD34+ cord blood progenitors under the conditions employed. High-level GFP expression in the NOD/SCID xenograft model was demonstrated with the pHR' derivative bearing the MSCV LTR. These new lentiviral vector backbones provide a basis for the rational design of improved delivery vehicles for human HSPC gene transfer applications.
Series Introduction: Neurodegeneration: What is it and where are we?
Authors: Serge Przedborski, Miquel Vila, Vernice Jackson-Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Alzheimer disease (AD); Parkinson disease (PD); Huntington disease (HD); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); neurofibrillary tangle (NFT); superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1); programmed cell death (PCD).
Abstract 1933: Ellagic acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells and inhibits HPV oncogene expression
Authors: Hanan F. Mohammad, Daniel J. Lindner, Michael Kalafatis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ellagic Acid is a naturally occurring compound that demonstrated anti cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Ellagic acid inhibits protein kinase CK2, which has been identified as a promoter of tumorogenesis. Blocking CK2 activity can reactivate dormant cellular defensive mechanism and further block signaling pathways that induce cancer. In this study, we are testing HPV 18 positive cervical cancer cells (HeLa) to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on CK2 kinase activity, HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 expression and downstream targets leading to cell death in vitro and in vivo. Treating HeLa cells with ellagic acid induced in vitro cell cycle arrest and caspase mediated apoptosis in both time and dose dependent manner. Ellagic acid inhibited CK2 phosphorylation activity, as well as the expression of viral oncogenes E6 and E7. Inhibition of HPV oncogene expression was accompanied by an increase in P53 and a decrease in cyclin A expression. Ellagic acid treatment induced cytochrome c release in the cytosol and subsequent activation of caspase 3, which led to the fragmentation of Poly (ADP) RibosePolymerase (PARP) at the end of the caspase cascade. Finally, mice treated with ellagic acid demonstrated inhibition of cervical cancer xenograft growth and longer survival compared to vehicle-treated mice confirming the potent anti-tumor activity of ellagic acid. Our results suggest that ellagic acid has anti-tumor and anti-viral properties which could make it suitable for the prevention of HPV induced cervical carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1933. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1933
Gene therapy augments the efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation and fully corrects mucopolysaccharidosis type I phenotype in the mouse model
Authors: Ilaria Visigalli, Stefania Delai, Letterio S. Politi, Carmela Di Domenico, Federica Cerri, Emanuela Mrak, Raffaele D'Isa, Daniela Ungaro, Merel Stok, Francesca Sanvito, Elisabetta Mariani, Lidia Staszewsky, Claudia Godi, Ilaria Russo, Francesca Cecere, Ubaldo del Carro, Alessandro Rubinacci, Riccardo Brambilla, Angelo Quattrini, Paola Di Natale, Katherine Ponder, Luigi Naldini, Alessandra Biffi
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hippocampal Volume in Adult Burn Patients With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hermann Winter, Eva Irle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with small hippocampal size. The authors compared trauma-exposed subjects with PTSD and trauma-exposed subjects without PTSD to clarify whether small hippocampal size is related to PTSD or to mere trauma exposure. METHOD: Three-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess hippocampal volumes in 30 men who had recently been exposed to a severe burn trauma and 15 matched healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison subjects, the trauma-exposed subjects with PTSD (N=15) as well as the trauma-exposed subjects without PTSD (N=15) had significantly smaller volumes of the right hippocampus (subjects with PTSD: –12%; subjects without PTSD: –13%). Larger total areas of burned body surface were significantly related to smaller left hippocampal volumes. Use of analgesic/sedative treatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonist ketamine was significantly related to larger right hippocampal volumes and to stronger PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD is not a necessary condition for small hippocampal size in trauma-exposed individuals. Rather, the results provide evidence that smaller hippocampal size in trauma-exposed individuals is a result of traumatic stress. The posttraumatic application of NMDA antagonists may protect against hippocampal damage induced by traumatic stressors but increases the patient's risk of developing PTSD symptoms.
The atopy trait in hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: G. Bochenek, E. Niżankowska, A. Szczeklik
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The prevalence of atopy was evaluated in two groups of subjects with hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID): 78 patients with aspirin‐induced asthma (AIA) confirmed by oral or bronchial provocation challenges 42 subjects with hypersensitivity to pyrazolone drugs (case history and positive skin tests to noramidopyrine/aminophenazone) who tolerated aspirin well. Fifty sex‐ and age‐matched persons from an unselected general population, with no hypersensitivity to NSAID, formed the control group. Atopy was estimated from the results of the following clinical and biologic parameters: 1) personal and family history of atopic diseases 2) skin prick tests with 16 aeroallergens 3) serum levels of specific IgE to five aeroallergens 4) total serum IgE level. Different definitions of atopy were used, consisting of constellations of two or three of the above‐mentioned features. The results of the study revealed that the prevalence of atopy varied according to the criteria used for its definition. Irrespective of the definition used, a similar distribution of atopy was observed in both groups of patients with hypersensitivity to NSAID. Atopy was more frequent in either group of patients with intolerance of NSAID than in the control group. Thus, atopy is related to adverse drug reactions to NSAID.
Medical Writings Revisited
Authors: David R. Goldmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Editorials7 September 1999Medical Writings RevisitedDavid R. Goldmann, MDDavid R. Goldmann, MDSenior Deputy Editor (Goldmann)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-5-199909070-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The turn of the millennium will mark the end of the third year of the Medical Writings section in Annals. In anticipation of the event, we have been giving some thought to where the section has been and where it could go. Medical Writings was originally conceived to replace our Literature of Medicine section, which had been devoted solely to narrative book reviews and shorter annotations. In the new section, we set out to provide both information about recently published books and software in a crisp new synoptic format and longer essays on a broad array of subjects.We adopted ...References1. Goldmann DR. Medical writings: a new section for Annals [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:83. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Below the fold. Lancet. 1999; 353:1719. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David R. Goldmann, MDAffiliations: Senior Deputy Editor (Goldmann) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReading and writing book reviews across the disciplinesBook reviewing in the BJET: a survey of BJET's referees' and writers' views 7 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 5Page: 389-390KeywordsHeart diseasesHistory of medicineLibrariesMedical geneticsMolecular biologyObstetrics and gynecologyPalliative carePatientsPopulation statisticsSpecificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 September 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contemporary Results of Surgical Resection of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Induction Therapy: A Review of 549 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Stephen A. Barnett, Valerie W. Rusch, Junting Zheng, Bernard J. Park, Nabil P. Rizk, Gabriel Plourde, Manjit S. Bains, Robert J. Downey, Ronglai Shen, Mark G. Kris
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A molecular defect in thrombasthenic platelets.
Authors: L Degos, A Dautigny, J C Brouet, M Colombani, N Ardaillou, J P Caen, J Colombani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

An IgG antibody found in the serum of a thrombasthenic patient reacted in complement fixation with platelets from 350 normal individuals but was nonreactive with platelets from eight other thrombasthenic patients. ADP-induced aggregation of normal platelets was inhibited by the patient's antibody. Family studies using the quantitative complement fixation test showed that healthy heterozygotes were easily distinguishable from normal or thrombasthenic individuals since their platelets had an intermediate amount of the reactive antigen. Indirect immunoprecipitation tests using this serum and soluble membrane antigens labeled with iodine-125 that had been extracted from normal platelets by the detergent Nonidet P-40 gave a single radioactive peak at 120,000 mol wt in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A similar estimate of the molecular weight was obtained from Sephadex G-200 filtration of the soluble antigens extracted from normal platelets by spontaneous release or chaotropic agents and tested in complement fixation with the patient's serum. These findings strongly suggest that the molecule recognized by this antibody is absent or structurally modified in thrombasthenia cases and that it may be involved in platelet aggregation.
Antiretroviral Treatment and Prevention of Peripartum and Postnatal HIV Transmission in West Africa: Evaluation of a Two-Tiered Approach
Authors: Besigin Tonwe-Gold, Didier K Ekouevi, Ida Viho, Clarisse Amani-Bosse, Siaka Toure, Patrick A Coffie, François Rouet, Renaud Becquet, Valériane Leroy, Wafaa M El-Sadr, Elaine J Abrams, François Dabis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has only been recently recommended for HIV-infected pregnant women requiring treatment for their own health in resource-limited settings. However, there are few documented experiences from African countries. We evaluated the short-term (4 wk) and long-term (12 mo) effectiveness of a two-tiered strategy of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Africa: women meeting the eligibility criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) received HAART, and women with less advanced HIV disease received short-course antiretroviral (scARV) PMTCT regimens. Methods and Findings The MTCT-Plus Initiative is a multi-country, family-centred HIV care and treatment program for pregnant and postpartum women and their families. Pregnant women enrolled in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire received either HAART for their own health or short-course antiretroviral (scARV) PMTCT regimens according to their clinical and immunological status. Plasma HIV-RNA viral load (VL) was measured to diagnose peripartum infection when infants were 4 wk of age, and HIV final status was documented either by rapid antibody testing when infants were aged ≥ 12 mo or by plasma VL earlier. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the rate of HIV transmission and HIV-free survival. Between August 2003 and June 2005, 107 women began HAART at a median of 30 wk of gestation, 102 of them with zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and nevirapine (NVP) and they continued treatment postpartum; 143 other women received scARV for PMTCT, 103 of them with sc(ZDV+3TC) with single-dose NVP during labour. Most (75%) of the infants were breast-fed for a median of 5 mo. Overall, the rate of peripartum HIV transmission was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3%–4.2%) and the cumulative rate at 12 mo was 5.7% (95% CI 2.5%–9.0%). The overall probability of infant death or infection with HIV was 4.3% (95% CI 1.7%–7.0%) at age week 4 wk and 11.7% (95% CI 7.5%–15.9%) at 12 mo. Conclusions This two-tiered strategy appears to be safe and highly effective for short- and long-term PMTCT in resource-constrained settings. These results indicate a further benefit of access to HAART for pregnant women who need treatment for their own health.