tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ULCER OF THE BLADDER
Authors: LEO BUERGER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Although simple solitary ulcer of the bladder is regarded as a very rare affection, the history of two cases<sup>1</sup>that have recently come under my observation would seem to indicate that this condition is not infrequently overlooked. Both patients had been examined with the cystoscope before consulting me, but the cause of the most striking symptom, hematuria, had not been discovered. Doubtless this lesion was not recognized because of its location in the posterior vesical wall, a region that is frequently neglected or poorly examined in a routine inspection of the bladder. The first case that I wish to report was interesting because of the sudden onset of the hematuria and the alarming amount of blood that was evacuated with each urination. <h3>Case 1.—</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. M. L. consulted me on July 3, 1911, because of frequency of urination, and because of the large amount of blood voided in
A Fast Algorithm for Joint Reconstruction of Ancestral Amino Acid Sequences
Authors: Tal Pupko, Itsik Pe, Ron Shamir, Dan Graur
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

A dynamic programming algorithm is developed for maximum-likelihood reconstruction of the set of all ancestral amino acid sequences in a phylogenetic tree. To date, exhaustive algorithms that find the most likely set of ancestral states (joint reconstruction) have running times that scale exponentially with the number of sequences and are thus limited to very few taxa. The time requirement of our new algorithm scales linearly with the number of sequences and is therefore applicable to practically any number of taxa. A detailed description of the new algorithm and an example of its application to cytochrome b sequences are provided.
SSRI use in late pregnancy was associated with increased persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns
Authors: George Saade
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Kieler H, Artama M, Engeland A, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn: population based cohort study from the five Nordic countries. BMJ. 2012;344:d8012. 22240235
X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) due to WAS mutations: clinical characteristics, long-term outcome, and treatment options
Authors: Michael H. Albert, Tanja C. Bittner, Shigeaki Nonoyama, Lucia Dora Notarangelo, Siobhan Burns, Kohsuke Imai, Teresa Espanol, Anders Fasth, Isabelle Pellier, Gabriele Strauss, Tomohiro Morio, Benjamin Gathmann, Jeroen G. Noordzij, Cristina Fillat, Manfred Hoenig, Michaela Nathrath, Alfons Meindl, Philipp Pagel, Uwe Wintergerst, Alain Fischer, Adrian J. Thrasher, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Hans D. Ochs
Journal: Blood (2010)
Goldenhar's Syndrome Associated With Tamoxifen Given to the Mother During Gestation
Authors: Suzette L. Cullins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Tamoxifen citrate is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen widely used in the treatment of all stages of breast cancer. Women taking the drug are at increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.<sup>1</sup>Little is known of the effects on human pregnancy and the exposed fetus. These effects are of particular interest as tamoxifen is now being used in large chemoprevention trials in women at increased risk for breast cancer. We report an infant born with Goldenhar's syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia) exposed to tamoxifen throughout pregnancy. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 35-year-old woman underwent a mastectomy in March 1992 for a node-negative, estrogen-receptor— negative, progesterone-receptor—positive breast cancer. She received no systemic chemotherapy and began receiving 20 mg of tamoxifen daily. In July 1993, while still receiving tamoxifen, she presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and was found to be 26 weeks' pregnant. Premature labor, chorioamnionitis, and abnormal lie
Additive Effect of Continuous Low Dose Ofloxacin on Erythromycin Therapy for Sinobronchial Syndrome
Authors: Masaki Fujimura, Yoshihisa Ishiura, Motoyasu Saito, Kazuhiko Shibata, Masaharu Nomura, Yasuto Nakatsumi, Tamotsu Matsuda
Journal: Drugs (1995)
Use of cardiac pacemakers in Britain
Authors: E. Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1977)

have been adequately tested in prostatic cancer.3 4 Such little experience with chemotherapy in prostatic cancer is regrettable since it is the only method potentially capable of killing tumour cells disseminated in most areas of the body.At present, since we are able by staging techniques to detect only cell numbers of greater than 1000 million, the need for a trial comparing local or regional therapy versus local therapy plus systemic therapy with drugs shown to be occasionally effective in prostatic cancer, such as cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, 5-fluorouracil, and possibly adriamy- cin,5 6 is overwhelming.Since it is now known that adjuvant chemotherapy protocols can be given perfectly safely' 9 there is a priority for a logical trial integrating chemotherapy with local treatment to see if the survival time in these cancers can be increased.
Nitric Oxide Spares Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Through Attenuation of Contractile Response to β-Adrenergic Stimulation in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Toshiro Shinke, Hideyuki Takaoka, Motoshi Takeuchi, Katsuya Hata, Hiroya Kawai, Hideaki Okubo, Yoichi Kijima, Takeomi Murata, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The results of recent studies suggest that NO synthase may increase in the failing myocardium and that NO modulates the myocardial contractile response to β-adrenergic stimulation. However, there are few data regarding the physiological role of NO in patients with heart failure. The aim of the present study was to address the role of NO in left ventricular (LV) contractile response to β-adrenergic stimulation and corresponding oxygen expenditure in human heart failure. Methods and Results —We studied 15 patients with heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (mean ejection fraction 0.33). We examined LV contractility (E max , the slope of end-systolic pressure-volume relation), LV external work (EW), myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇ o 2 ), and mechanical efficiency (measured as EW/MV̇ o 2 ) with the use of conductance and coronary sinus thermodilution catheters before and during dobutamine (DOB) infusion via a peripheral vein (4.8±0.3 μg · kg −1 · min −1 IV). Heart rate was kept constant with atrial pacing. We carried out a similar protocol during the intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA; 200 μmol). DOB increased E max , EW, and MV̇ o 2 (by 77±17%, 39±5%, and 21±5%, respectively), leading to an increase in mechanical efficiency (25.4±3.1% to 29.6±4.1%). L-NMMA alone did not significantly change these variables. Although the concurrent infusion of DOB with L-NMMA increased E max , EW, and MV̇ o 2 (by 140±21%, 64±9%, and 35±5%, respectively) more than DOB alone, mechanical efficiency did not increase further (24.3±3.3% to 29.5±4.5%) because EW and MV̇ o 2 increased in parallel. Conclusions —These data suggest that in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, endogenous NO spares MV̇ o 2 through attenuation of LV contractile response to β-adrenergic stimulation while maintaining LV energy-converting efficiency.
Detection of Residual Hepatitis C Virus RNA by Transcription-Mediated Amplification in Patients With Complete Virologic Response According to Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Assays
Authors: Christoph Sarrazin, Gerlinde Teuber, Robert Kokka, Holger Rabenau, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

A considerable proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C who achieve a virologic end-of-treatment response relapse after discontinuation of therapy. It is conceivable that polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays with a lower detection limit of 100 to 1, 000 hepatitic C virus (HCV) RNA copies/mL are still too insensitive to detect residual viremia. End-of-treatment serum samples of 47 patients with a virologic relapse according to results of qualitative PCR assays (Amplicor HCV; Roche Molecular Systems, Mannheim, Germany) were tested by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), an isothermal, autocatalytic target amplification method that has the potential to detect less than 50 HCV RNA copies/mL. Virologic sustained responders (n = 59) and nonresponders (n = 49) served as controls. In end-of-treatment serum samples of virologic sustained responders and nonresponders an almost complete concordance between PCR and TMA results was observed (98%). However, HCV RNA was detectable by TMA in end-of-treatment serum samples from 16 of 25 relapse patients (64%) who were HCV-RNA-negative according to Amplicor HCV version 1.0 (lower detection limit 1,000 copies/mL) and in 8 of 22 patients (36%) who were HCV-RNA-negative according to Amplicor HCV version 2.0 (lower detection limit 100 copies/mL). End-of-treatment alanine transaminase (ALT) levels of sustained virologic responders and TMA-negative relapsers were similar, whereas a trend toward higher ALT values was observed in TMA-positive relapsers compared with sustained virologic responders (P = 0.09). In conclusion, HCV RNA can be detected at the end of treatment by TMA in a considerable proportion of patients who were classified as virologic end-of-treatment responders with a subsequent virologic relapse according to PCR-based methods.
Persistent inhibition of telomerase reprograms adult T-cell leukemia to p53-dependent senescence
Authors: Abhik Datta, Marcia Bellon, Uma Sinha-Datta, Ali Bazarbachi, Yves Lepelletier, Danielle Canioni, Thomas A. Waldmann, Olivier Hermine, Christophe Nicot
Journal: Blood (2006)
Invasion and persistence of Salmonella in human fibroblasts positive or negative for endogenous HLA B27
Authors: H.-I. Huppertz, J. Heesemann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Analysis of the interaction of enteropathogenic bacteria with HLA B27 transfected murine fibroblasts showed a specific influence of HLA B27 on microbial invasiveness. This possible novel mechanism for the action of HLA B27 should be verified by using endogenous HLA B27 positive and negative human fibroblasts as a model for the direct interaction of arthritogenic bacteria and host cells. <h3>METHODS</h3> Fibroblasts were obtained from healthy donors positive or negative for HLA B27; cultivated as monolayers; and infected with <i>Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis</i>. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Invasion and survival of bacteria in human cells was not influenced by the presence of HLA B27. Enhancement of HLA class I molecule expression by treatment of cultures with interferon gamma decreased invasion and survival of bacteria in both HLA B27 positive and negative cells. After disappearance of live bacteria lipopolysaccharide antigens persisted within cells. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Endogenous HLA B27 does not modulate the direct interaction of <i>Salmonella </i>with human cells. Non-professional phagocytes are able to limit bacterial survival in cells, and interferon gamma accelerates killing of bacteria, but arthritogenic antigens persist after disappearance of live bacteria.
Stockpiling smallpox virus
Authors: Thomas Mack
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Emotions still run high over the stocks of smallpox virus placed into the P4 freezers of Atlanta and Novosibirsk more than 30 years ago by the World Health Organization. In this week's BMJ, two articles present opposing views on whether the United States and Russia should destroy their stocks of smallpox virus (Variola).1 2
[643] OUTCOME OF PEG-INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY HCV (A COMPARISON BETWEEN GENOTYPE 2 AND 3): CONSIDERATIONS FROM ITALIAN NATIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY (PROBE)
Authors: P. Grima, A. Orani, G. Bellati, P. Del Poggio, O. Manghisi, M. Angelico, G. Menardo, R. Bottelli, M. Sarracino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Elevated Cystatin C Concentration and Progression to Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Richard P. Donahue, Saverio Stranges, Karol Rejman, Lisa B. Rafalson, Jacek Dmochowski, Maurizio Trevisan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE— We conducted a nested case-control investigation to examine whether elevated baseline concentrations of cystatin C predicted progression from normoglycemia to pre-diabetes over 6 years of follow-up from the Western New York Health Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— In 2002–2004, 1,455 participants from the Western New York Health Study, who were free of type 2 diabetes and known cardiovascular disease at baseline (1996–2001), were reexamined. An incident case of pre-diabetes was defined as an individual with fasting glucose &amp;lt;100 mg/dl at the baseline examination and ≥100 and ≤125 mg/dl at the follow-up examination, thereby eliminating individuals with prevalent pre-diabetics. All case patients (n = 91) were matched 1:3 to control participants based on sex, race/ethnicity, and year of study enrollment. All control subjects had fasting glucose levels &amp;lt;100 mg/dl at both baseline and follow-up examinations. Cystatin C concentrations and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were measured from frozen (−196°C) baseline blood and urine samples. Serum creatinine concentrations were available from the baseline examination only. RESULTS— Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, baseline glucose level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, BMI, hypertension, estimated glomerular filtration rate, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use revealed a significantly increased risk of progression to pre-diabetes among those with elevated baseline concentrations of cystatin C (odds ratio 3.28 [95% CI 1.43–7.54]) (upper quintile versus the remainder). Results of secondary analyses that considered high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, E-selectin, or soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 did not alter these results. CONCLUSIONS— These results suggest that cystatin C was associated with a threefold excess risk of progression to pre-diabetes in this population.
A Case in which there was Destruction of the Third Left Frontal Convolution without Aphasia
Authors: D. Foulis
Journal: BMJ (1879)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.383 5-6, 3", vis.P. in.ep." would signify that the apex-beat could be seen in the fifth interspace, three inches from the left margin of the sternum; that there was palpitation; that the action of the heart was intermit- tent; and that the impulse was also visible at the epigastrium.Dulness.-As a general rule, it is sufficient to note the extent of car- diac dulness in the two directions, vertical and transverse.The first is ascertained by percussing from above downwards at the distance of one inch from the left margin of the sternum-i.e., along the parasternal line; and the rib or interspace at which the dulness commences is to be noted after the letter V.The transverse dulness is found by percussing on the line of the fourth rib, and it is requisite to note both the point at which it commences and how far it extends to the left of that point.The notation given for the impulse comes here again into play; but, for the sake of additional clearness and brevity, it may occasionally be advisable to use Roman numerals to indicate the extent of the dulness.Example: Dulness T. 4V .This would mean that the cardiac dulness in the T.St. 1.ii" parasternal line began at the fourth rib; and that on the line of the fourth rib, i. e., transversely, it began at the left margin of the sternum, and extended three inches to the left from that point.T. 42" r. 5 would indicate, in like manner, that the vertical dulness commenced at the fourth interspace; and the transverse at half an inch to the right of the sternum, whence it extended three inches and a half towards the left.Sounds.-These may be n.(normal); f. (weak); v. f. (very weak); r. (rough); red.(reduplicate); ac.(accentuated), etc. Example: Sounds I v.f.would mean that the first sound was very weak, and the 2 aC.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Obesity
Authors: Patrick S. Pasulka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: ObesityPatrick S. Pasulka, MDPatrick S. Pasulka, MDUniversity of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson; Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ObesityPer Bjorntorp and Bernard N. Brodoff; eds. 805 pages. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992. $69.50.The first law of thermodynamics is as far as some physicians progress in their understanding of obesity. Armed with this basic tool, hundreds of doctors entered the field of bariatrics during the 1980s in response to a phenomenal consumer demand. The demand has since subsided, but the problem of obesity will never again be relegated to the shadowed corners of medicine. Obesity is now recognized as a major public health problem, and the medical profession has attained a new appreciation of its complexities. Anyone who is ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson; Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 2Page: 160KeywordsAdipose tissueEnergy metabolismHormonesHyperlipidemiaHypertensionNeurotransmittersNursesNutritionObesityPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions
Authors: James M. Humber
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The first edition of this text was published in 1981 and was coauthored by Ruth Purtilo and Christine Cassel. I have not examined a copy of the first edition text and do not intend to compare the two volumes. Since the original text was published well over 10 years ago and bioethics is an area of inquiry in which change is constant, I do not believe that a great deal would be gained by comparing the two editions. The second edition is current and should stand or fall on its own. I cannot remember when my reactions to a book have been more varied, or more in opposition to one another. As a philosopher and academician, I dislike intensely many things about this text. On the other hand, as a teacher who has seen students master a host of abstract ethical principles and then forget those principles as soon as
ICAM‐1 and α3β1 expression by bronchial epithelial cells and their <i>in vitro </i>modulation by inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators
Authors: A. M. Vignola, G. Bonsignore, L. Siena, M. Melis, G. Chiappara, R. Gagliardo, J. Bousquet, G. Bonsignore, A. M. Merendino
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Adhesion molecules are involved in inflammatory and repair processes of the bronchial epithelium. ICAM-1 is mainly involved in inflammatory reactions, whereas integrins, such as alpha3beta1, are mainly involved in repair processes.Using bronchial biopsies from 10 asthmatics and eight controls, we first evaluated by immunohistochemistry expression of alpha3beta1 and ICAM-1 in intact and damaged epithelium. Then, using the human pulmonary epithelial cell line WI-26 VA, we studied, by flow-cytometry, the modulation of ICAM-1 and alpha3beta1 expression, and, by ELISA, the release of fibronectin by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-5, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, TGF-beta, and EGF.alpha3beta1 expression was slightly higher in asthma than in controls, as well as in damaged epithelium than in undamaged epithelium. ICAM-1 expression was higher in asthma than in controls, and similarly distributed in intact or damaged epithelium. In vitro, alpha3beta1 was significantly increased by TGF-beta, EGF, and IL-4, and significantly decreased by IL-5. Fibronectin release was significantly increased by TGF-beta and IL-4, unchanged by EGF, and slightly but significantly decreased by IL-5. ICAM-1 expression was significantly decreased by TGF-beta and IL-4, unchanged by EGF, and significantly increased by IL-5.These differences in adhesion molecule expression and fibronectin release may be important in epithelial cell inflammation and repair.
Myelomata of Bone
Authors: A. Naylor, F. E. Chester-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BDITN2Urebuked her, and she cried.She came back the following week and in subsequent weeks, receiving five to ten minutes' chat and a bottle of medicine on each occasion." Since then, owing to a greater awareness of personality disorders on my part, she has been given a one-hour interview in which, inter alia, she told of her childhood, of a father who was in the Navy and away from home most of the time, of a much-loved younger brother who died at the time of the onset of her symptoms, of her dyspareunia since the beginning of her marriage, and her complete inability to have sexual intercourse since her brother's death.Further investigations are in progress.Her attitude to me since that interview has much changed; there are no more efforts to flirt and there is an improvement in her symptoms.But it took four years to get that hour, and an appendicectomy.Mea culpa!"
Rachel's Holiday
Authors: N. Devaney
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Often we encounter patients whose primary problem seems to be addiction to one or more of many substances. Although we are generally well trained to treat the physical aspects of addiction, from ascites to delirium tremens, we are generally less well attuned to the treatment of the source of the addiction.

Popular literature can provide helpful insights to complement those we glean from classic literary accounts, such as Bulgakov’s Morphine ,1 and in addition provide a common space that we can share with our patients: both we and they are more likely to have read popular so called …
VALEDICTORY ADDRESS AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVEESITY.
Authors: WILLIAM OSLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

As this is the last public function at which I shall appear as a member of the university, I very gladly embrace the opportunity which it offers to express the mingled feelings of gratitude and sorrow which are naturally in my mind—gratitude to you all for 16 years of exceptionally happy life; sorrow that I am to belong to you no more. Neither stricken deeply in years nor damaged seriously by illness, you may well wonder at the motives that have induced me to give up a position of such influence and importance; to part from colleagues so congenial, from associates and students so devoted, and to leave a country in which I have so many warm friends and in which I have been appreciated at so much more than my real worth. It is best that you should stay in the wonder-stage. Who can understand another man's
Cost-utility analysis.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Decisions have to be made about allocating health resources. Currently the best economic evaluation method for doing this is cost-utility analysis. This compares the costs of different procedures with their outcomes measured in "utility based" units--that is, units that relate to a person's level of wellbeing. The most commonly used unit is the quality adjusted life year (QALY). QALYs are calculated by estimating the total life years gained from a procedure and weighting each year to reflect the quality of life in that year. To compare outcomes of different programmes the Rosser index is one measure that is widely used to assign quality of life scores to patients. Combined with a measure of life years gained from a procedure, this enables QALYs to be calculated and procedures ranked according to cost per QALY gained. In this article Ray Robinson explains the measures used and discusses how QALY league tables can be used to guide decisions on resource allocation.