tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The perturbation of thrombin binding to human platelets by anions.
Authors: M A Shuman, P W Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Thrombin binds with high affinity to specific cell-surface receptors on washed human platelets. We present experiments indicating that thrombin binding correlates withe the release reaction when binding is perturbed by anions. Marked differences in the affinity of human 125I-thrombin for platelets wer observed in various isotonic buffers at pH 7.4. At low concentrations of thrombin (0.001-0.01 U/ml), binding was 5-fold greater in Tris-sodium acetate and 12-fold greater in Tris-sodium cacodylate than in Tris-sodium chloride. These anion-induced changes in 125I-thrombin binding paralleled changes in [14C] serotonin release when both parameters were measured in the same platelets. Thus, equivalent release occurred for equal amounts of thrombin bound in all buffers, even though the thrombin concentration varied by up to 30-fold. After approximately 100 molecules of thrombin bound per platelet, complete release occurred in all buffers in 2 min. The effect of anions was specific for the thrombin-receptor interaction as there was no corresponding effect on the binding of erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) to platelets nor on E-PHA or collagen-induced serotonin release. The various anions did not alter platelet morphology as judged by electron microscopy. The anions had no effect on thrombin esterase catalytic activity. In addition, the total number of thrombin receptors per platelet was approximately the same in all buffers. Thus anions alter the affinity between platelet thrombin receptors and a site on thrombin distinct from the catalytic site. We conclude that the thrombin receptor is essential for thrombin-induced platelet reactions.
Health IT and Patient Safety: Building Safer Systems for Better Care
Authors: David Chou
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hillary Clinton unveils plan for healthcare reform
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Hillary Clinton, nominee for the Democratic party's presidential candidate and New York senator, last week announced her plan to reform health care. She would require insurers to provide coverage for anyone who applied and would bar companies from charging people who have greater healthcare costs more for their premiums.

Speaking to the annual convention of the American Association of Retired Persons, in Boston, she said, “Health care should not be a privilege for a few, but a right for every single person. There are 47 million uninsured …
Functional and morphological vascular changes in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Lucia Pacifico, Caterina Anania, Francesco Martino, Vito Cantisani, Roberto Pascone, Andrea Marcantonio, Claudio Chiesa
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been consistently found to be associated with features of the metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition carrying a high risk of cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to determine whether, in children and adolescents, NAFLD is atherogenic beyond its association with MS and its components. We assessed both flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), along with lipid profile, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRPHS), in 250 obese children, 100 with and 150 without NAFLD, and 150 healthy normal-weight children. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound examination and persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase, after exclusion of infectious and metabolic disorders. Compared to controls and children without liver involvement, those with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD (and elevated alanine aminotransferase) demonstrated significantly impaired FMD and increased cIMT. Patients with NAFLD had more features of MS and elevated CRPHS levels. In addition, percent FMD was remarkably reduced, whereas cIMT was increased in obese children with MS compared to those without MS. Using logistic regression analysis, the presence of NAFLD was found to be an independent predictor of low percent FMD (odds ratio, 2.25 [95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.92]; P = 0.004) as well as of increased cIMT (1.98 [1.16 to 3.36]; P = 0.031), after adjustment for age, gender, Tanner stage, and presence of MS. When we analyzed the relations between cIMT and measures of FMD in patients with NAFLD, the disease was associated with increased cIMT in children with impaired FMD status. Conclusion: The presence of liver disease entails more severe functional and anatomic changes in the arterial wall. Its detection may help identify individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk. (Hepatology 2010.)
Minidose Warfarin Prophylaxis for Catheter-Associated Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: Can It Be Safely Associated With Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy?
Authors: Giovanna Masci, Massimo Magagnoli, Paolo Andrea Zucali, Luca Castagna, Carlo Carnaghi, Barbara Sarina, Vittorio Pedicini, Monica Fallini, Armando Santoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The use of prophylactic low-dose oral warfarin in cancer patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) in place has an established role in the prevention of thrombotic complications and is associated with a low hemorrhagic risk. Despite the literature indicating an adverse interaction between warfarin and fluorouracil (FU), the frequency of this interaction and whether it occurs when minidose warfarin is used is unknown. We analyzed the incidence of alterations in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and bleeding in cancer patients given minidose warfarin during treatment with continuous-infusion FU-based regimens.Between July 1999 and August 2001, 95 cancer patients were evaluated. Forty-one patients (43%) had liver metastases. Seventy-nine patients (83%) had a Groshong CVC (Bard Access System, Salt Lake City, UT), and 16 (17%) had a Port-a-Cath device (Bard Access System). All patients received oral warfarin at a dose of 1 mg/daily as prophylaxis beginning the day after the catheter was positioned. An INR of more than 1.5 was considered significantly elevated.INR elevation occurred in 31 patients (33%), with 18 patients (19%) having an INR more than 3.0. Twelve (39%) of the 31 patients had liver metastases. Bleeding was observed in eight patients (8%); seven of these patients had elevated INR levels. We observed INR elevations in 12 of 21 patients treated with a FU, folinic acid, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimen, 11 of 40 treated with a de Gramont regimen (FU and folinic acid), and five of 19 treated with a FU, folinic acid, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) regimen.A high incidence of INR abnormalities was observed in our cohort of patients, especially those treated with FOLFOX regimen. Clinicians should be aware of this interaction and should regularly monitor the prothrombin time in patients receiving warfarin and FU.
Whistleblower removed from job for talking to the press
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A whistleblower who uncovered evidence that major drug companies sought to influence government officials has been removed from his job and placed on administrative leave.

Allen Jones, an investigator at the Pennsylvania Office of the Inspector General (OIG), was escorted out of his workplace on 28 April and told “not to appear on OIG property” after OIG officials accused him of talking to the press. Reports of Mr Jones's findings were widely reported in the New York Times, BMJ (7 February, p 306), and elsewhere.

His findings showed that the pharmaceutical company Janssen had paid honorariums to key state officials who held influence over the drugs prescribed in …
Intermittent Transdermal Nitroglycerin Therapy in Angina Pectoris
Authors: John O. Parker, Mark H. Amies, Ron W. Hawkinson, James M. Heilman, Andrina J. Hougham, Mark C. Vollmer, Richard R. Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The objectives of this study were to assess the antianginal and anti-ischemic effects of three dose levels of transdermal nitroglycerin patches applied for 12 hours daily for 30 days. The study also assessed the development of tolerance and rebound. Intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin therapy with a patch-free period of 10 to 12 hours each day has documented clinical benefits during the period of patch application, but studies have failed to clearly document prolonged exercise duration for the entire period of patch application. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and duration of action of a range of doses of nitroglycerin. The study also permitted the assessment of the maintenance of initial effects, the development of tolerance, and the presence of rebound. Methods and Results This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design trial with treadmill exercise tests at days 0, 1, 7, 15, and 30. Tests were carried out up to 12 hours after patch application. There was a statistically significant treatment effect with increases in treadmill walking time to moderate angina in each nitroglycerin patch group compared with placebo at various time points up to 12 hours throughout the 30-day study period. Secondary efficacy parameters, including the consistent increase in time to 1-mm ST-segment depression, supported the primary efficacy results. There was no evidence of tolerance or rebound. Conclusions Intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin therapy increases exercise duration and maintains anti-ischemic effects for 12 hours after patch application, throughout 30 days of therapy, without significant evidence of nitrate tolerance or rebound phenomena.
Parkinsonism--Natural History and Clinical Features
Authors: C. A. Pallis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Parkinsonism is a syndrome, (that is, a constellation of symptoms and signs) characterized by tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia. The condition may result from several causes, yet no cause is known for the commonest form. This variety of the disorder (widely known in the literature as paralysis agitans or Parkin son's disease) will be referred to throughout these articles as idiopathic Parkinsonism. Genetically-determined Parkinsonism is now receiving increasing attention.14 A recent monograph5 suggested that there was probably a dominant inheritance with clinical mani festations in 25% of gene carriers. Forty years ago Parkinsonism of known aetiology was usually a sequel to encephalitis lethargica. New cases of this con dition are now very rare and Parkinsonism of known aetiology is today in most instances drug-induced. The administration of phenothiazines6 (such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and promazine), butyrophenones7 (such as haloperidol), rauwolfia alkaloids8 (such as reserpine), tetrabenazine,? methyl dopa,10 X1 and procaine12 have all caused Parkinsonism. Parkinsonism has also been reported in chronic manganese intoxication18 14 after carbon monoxide poisoning,15 as a sequel to repeated head injury16 (that is, as part of a chronic traumatic encephalopathy), as a manifestation of neuro syphilis,17 or of Beh?et's disease involving the central nervous system,18? 19 in patients with cerebral tumours (whether these directly affected the basal ganglia20 or merely resulted in mid brain compression21), and in a patient with a syrinx involving the substantia nigra.22 Cerebral atherosclerosis was once
Art: Ron Mueck: Making Sculpture at the National Gallery
Authors: J. Quin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An exhibition at the National Gallery, London, until 22 June 2003 http://nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/mueck/default.htm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> There is a huge naked lady in the National Gallery. Her eyes are closed. She has an obvious abdominal protuberance, she is at term, and her time is now. This is Pregnant Woman , one of four new works by sculptor Ron Mueck installed in a room next door to many of the masterpieces held by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Abstract P2-18-04: No further axillary dissection in sentinel lymph node-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with initial cytologically-proven axillary node metastasis
Authors: HC Lee, JH Lee, MK Kim, WH Kil, J Kim, JE Lee, SW Kim, SJ Nam, SM Kim, SY Bae, SK Lee, J Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background In patients with fine needle aspiration (FNA)-proven axillary lymph node metastasis at diagnosis (cN+), the current standard surgical procedure is axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at definitive surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, growing evidences suggest that SLNB after NAC is feasible and may demonstrate acceptable performance in selected patients. We performed sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients treated with cytologically-confirmed axillary lymph nodes metastases at presentation, who converted to a clinically negative axillary status after NAC (ycN0). Patients and methods We retrospectively evaluated 240 patients with invasive breast cancer with ultrasound-guided FNA-proven axillary nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis. All patients received NAC and underwent surgery at Samsung medical center between October 2007 and May 2013. Among these patients, 75 patients underwent SLNB. These patients converted to clinically node-negative disease (ycN0) after NAC on breast MRI or PET/CT scan. A combined detection technique was used with radioisotope and blue dye for the detection of SLN. Patients with negative SLN on frozen pathology and low clinical suspicion of metastasis during operation were not performed further ALND. Results The detection rate of SLNB was 93.3% (70/75), and median number of retrieved sentinel lymph nodes was 3.0 (range 1-8). False negative rate was 6.7% (1/15). Of these 75 patients, 35 (46.6%) patients had positive sentinel lymph nodes (ypN+) and underwent ALND. Thirty-five (46.6%) patients had tumor-free sentinel lymph nodes (ypN0sn) and 20 patients of them were followed without subsequent ALND. In these SLN-negative patients without further ALND, 9 patients were HER2-enriched subtypes and 9 patients, TNBC subtypes. Only two of them were Luminal B subtypes. The median follow-up period was 12.0 months (range 0-26 months) with 2 events; 1 regional recurrence in ipsilateral supraclavicular node and 1 systemic recurrence in brain on postoperative 7 months and 5 months, respectively. There has not occurred an ipsilateral axillary recurrence so far. Conclusions Although the follow-up was not long enough to conclude, this study tried to demonstrate that SLNB after NAC was feasible and further ALND may not be necessary in patients with SLN-negative disease (ypN0sn). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-18-04.
BMA meeting: Doctors back BMA's refusal to join debate on assisted dying
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors at the BMA’s annual conference in Cardiff this week have backed the association in its stance to refuse to give evidence to the former lord chancellor Charles Falconer’s Commission on Assisted Dying—and implied that the BMJ had not reported the issue in a balanced way.

Lord Falconer set up the commission to examine how the …
Translesion Polymerase η Is Upregulated by Cancer Therapeutics and Confers Anticancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Maja T. Tomicic, Dorthe Aasland, Steffen C. Naumann, Ruth Meise, Christina Barckhausen, Bernd Kaina, Markus Christmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract DNA repair processes are a key determinant of the sensitivity of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, which may induce certain repair genes as a mechanism to promote resistance. Here, we report the results of a screen for repair genes induced in cancer cells treated with DNA crosslinking agents, which identified the translesion polymerase η (PolH) as a p53-regulated target acting as one defense against interstrand crosslink (ICL)-inducing agents. PolH was induced by fotemustine, mafosfamide, and lomustine in breast cancer, glioma, and melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, with similar inductions observed in normal cells such as lymphocytes and diploid fibroblasts. PolH contributions to the protection against ICL-inducing agents were evaluated by its siRNA-mediated attenuation in cells, which elevated sensitivity to these drugs in all tumor cell models. Conversely, PolH overexpression protected cancer cells against these drugs. PolH attenuation reduced repair of ICL lesions as measured by host cell reactivation assays and enhanced persistence of γH2AX foci. Moreover, we observed a strong accumulation of PolH in the nucleus of drug-treated cells along with direct binding to damaged DNA. Taken together, our findings implicated PolH in ICL repair as a mechanism of cancer drug resistance and normal tissue protection. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5585–96. ©2014 AACR.
Bleeding Gastritis Induced by Long-Term Release Aspirin
Authors: James Richard Hoon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ASPIRIN is a great drug, but.... Upper gastrointestinal bleeding with ingestion of aspirin is quite well known.<sup>1-3</sup>It is supposedly seen principally in susceptible individuals,<sup>4</sup>but Richard McCray<sup>5</sup>has averred that the aspirin bleedings can occur at times in anyone. Symptoms include epigastralgia, hematemesis, or merely melena, severe anemia, or chronic malaise. By gastrocamera, multiple bleeding points have been found in the stomachs of many subjects after ingestion of aspirin. Recently, with the gastrocamera, hemorrhagic gastritis has been 3demonstrated in several persons who had never experienced epigastralgia or bleeding with ordinary aspirin. These bleedings occurred after ingestion of a slow-release form of aspirin (Bayer Timed-Release Aspirin). This took place while I was attempting to define with the gastrocamera the period of retention of photographically evident slow-release aspirin in the stomach. <h3>Testing With Aspirin</h3> One of my subjects, a 19-year-old girl, had been examined at a one-half hour
Towards the cessation of smoking
Authors: I. Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This filthy habit causes much havoc to the human body: there is hardly an organ that is not affected by nicotine and the harmful substances attendant on the burning of the obnoxious weed.

Smokers have been shown to be more prone to cancers and degenerative diseases than non-smokers. Men who smoke produce inferior sperm. Infants born to women who smoke are small and frail. The milk of mothers who …
United Sciences of America, Incorporated: An "Optimal" Diet?
Authors: ELEANOR A. YOUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The diet plan marketed by the United Sciences of America, Incorporated (USAI) claims to offer "optimal nutrition" for the health of Americans. This claim raises the question, what is an "optimal" diet? Analyses of the four diet products—a fiber energy bar, an omega-3 fatty-acid concentrate, a calorie-control formula, and a master formula of mixed ingredients—raise questions regarding safety and efficacy of this plan. Still further questions focus on endorsement of the USAI diet plan and the relation of endorsement to receiving "grants" from the producer.
Disease distribution of synovial fluid mast cells and cytophagocytic mononuclear cells in inflammatory arthritis.
Authors: A J Freemont, J Denton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Three hundred and twenty-one synovial fluids from the knees of patients with six different inflammatory arthropathies have been examined for the presence of cytophagocytic monocytes (CPM) and mast cells. Both cell types were seen independently in many of the fluids examined but were found together only in those patients with Reiter9s disease, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and enteropathic arthritis. These four disease groups also contain the highest proportion of patients with mast cells in their synovial fluids and those individuals with the greatest number of synovial fluid CPM. Criteria have been developed from these observations which may be employed in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory arthropathies.
Medical Schools, Clinical Faculty, and Community Physicians
Authors: Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MOST medical schools have controlled or had a dominant influence on their principal teaching hospitals where the full-time faculty engage in medical practice, students are educated, and residents are trained. However, 25 of the 29 recently established medical schools have affiliated only with community hospitals and do not control these institutions.<sup>1</sup>In addition, the number of community hospitals affiliated with medical schools increased from 517 in 1966 to 1,168 in 1976.<sup>2</sup>Despite this, most community hospitals do not have affiliations with medical schools and have no educational or training programs. For the purposes of this discussion, hospitals are divided into those closely affiliated with medical schools and that have a large contingent of "full-time" clinical faculty, and those that are community hospitals used largely or exclusively by community physicians in their medical practice. There are noticeable differences between the principal teaching hospitals of medical schools and community hospitals.
Guidelines for prescribing combined oral contraceptives
Authors: A M Mills, C L Wilkinson, D R Bromham, J Elias, K Fotherby, J Guillebaud, A Kubba, A Wade
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The clinical and scientific committee of the Faculty of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care has noted a wide range of expert views on the recent publications on the combined oral contraceptive and venous thromboembolism1 2 3 4 5 6 and has circulated a position paper.7 The new studies confirm that low dose combined oral contraceptives carry an extremely low risk for healthy women. The overall risk of venous thromboembolism for users of combined oral contraceptives containing gestodene and desogestrel is close to the previous estimate for all low dose combined oral contraceptives.5 Combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel and norethisterone seem to be associated with a lower risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism than previously reported (table). View this table: Risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism per 100000 women per year #### Prescribing guidelines