tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Now or never? The case for cell-based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation
Authors: James A. Hutchinson, Edward K. Geissler
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

By exploiting mechanisms of immunological regulation against donor alloantigen, it may be possible to reduce the dependence of kidney transplant recipients upon calcineurin inhibitor-based maintenance immunosuppression. One means to strengthen regulatory responses is treating recipients with preparations of regulatory cells obtained by ex vivo manipulation. This strategy, which is a well-established experimental method, has been developed to the point that early-phase clinical trials in kidney transplantation are now feasible. Cell-based therapies represent a radical departure from conventional treatment, so what grounds are there for this new approach? This article offers a three-part justification for trialing cell-based therapies in kidney transplantation: first, a clinical need for alternatives to standard immunosuppression is identified, based on the inadequacies of calcineurin inhibitor-based regimens in preventing late allograft loss; second, a mechanistic explanation of how cell-based therapies might address this clinical need is given; and third, the possible benefit to patients is weighed against the potential risks of cell-based immunosuppressive therapy. It is concluded that the safety of cell-based immunosuppressive therapy will not be greatly improved by further basic scientific and preclinical development. Only trials in humans can now tell us whether cell-based therapy is likely to benefit kidney transplant recipients, but these should be conservative in design to minimize any potential harm to patients.
Colorectal cancer screening for older adults
Authors: H. Brenner
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Benefits take time to accrue, with implications for upper age limits

In recent years evidence that the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer can be substantially reduced by screening has been accumulating. Strong evidence from randomised trials is available for both fecal occult blood testing1 2 3 and screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy.4 5 6 7 8 Observational epidemiological studies suggest an even larger benefit associated with screening colonoscopy.8 9 10 11 Screening for colorectal cancer is now widely recommended by expert committees and is being introduced in a rapidly increasing number of countries.

However, many unanswered questions remain about the practical details of screening for colorectal cancer, and empirical evidence to guide screening programmes is sparse. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.h1662), Tang and colleagues ask a particularly important question about screening older adults using flexible sigmoidoscopy; specifically at what age screening would no longer be appropriate.12 Using a survival meta-analysis of flexible sigmoidoscopy trials,12 the authors estimated the time it would take for screening to achieve defined reductions in mortality from colorectal cancer and deduced that screening …
Assisted Computed Tomography Aids Diagnoses of Two Cancers
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Skin scarring: new insights may make adjustment easier
Authors: J. Partridge
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Skin scarring is a clinical problem that can cause many psychological and social difficulties—some as a result of the cause of the scarring (for example, trauma), some related to the effects (for example, itching), and many to the appearance of the scar itself. In the review by Bayat et al their argument that a decision to treat will depend on site, symptoms, severity of functional impairment, and stigma would be enhanced by the inclusion of two crucial insights from recent psychological literature, insights that can make it much easier for patients to adjust to these problems.

Firstly, much research has now confirmed that the seriousness of psychosocial sequelae is not positively correlated with the severity, size, or location of scarring. It is therefore important in the clinical examination and assessment process that doctors do not make assumptions about the psychosocial impact of scarring—it is important to ask patients about how self conscious they feel, for example, and how noticeable they feel the scar is to others because these factors are likely to be more predictive of distress.

Secondly, recognising that even with the skills of surgeons and others, scars cannot yet be made to disappear has prompted new psychosocial interventions to be developed for patients distressed by disfigurements of any kind, including scarring, to their face, hands, and body. These have focused on the strengthening of self esteem and communication skills (so as to manage the reactions of other people) and are available in various formats including in self-help guides produced by a charity, Changing Faces (for example, Everybody's Staring at Me! How to Communicate When You Have an Unusual Face). These new interventions are becoming known to psychologists across the NHS and can be delivered by individual psychologists or through a centralised referral unit such as the outlook unit at Frenchay Hospital, Bristol.
TCT-496 Impact of Criteria Stringency on Eligibility for Renal Denervation in Hypertensive Outpatients
Authors: Salim Hayek, Mahmoud Abdou, Kobina Wilmot, Benjamin DeMoss, Juan M. Ortega-Legaspi, Anjan Deka, Aalok Patel, Sandeep Krishnan, Chandan Devireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
T AND B LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ANTERIOR UVEITIS AND ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS, AND IN THEIR HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS
Authors: N.A. Byrom, J.R. Hobbs, D.M. Timlin, M.A. Campbell, A.J. Dean, M. Webley, D.A. Brewerton
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
A Combination of Molecular Markers Accurately Detects Lymph Node Metastasis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Liqiang Xi, Michael C. Coello, Virginia R. Litle, Siva Raja, William E. Gooding, Samuel A. Yousem, Talal El-Hefnawy, Rodney J. Landreneau, James D. Luketich, Tony E. Godfrey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Occult lymph node metastasis (micrometastasis) is a good prognostic indicator in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and could be used to direct adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I patients. This study was designed to evaluate molecular markers for detection of occult lymph node metastasis in NSCLC, define the best marker or marker combination to distinguish positive from benign lymph nodes, and evaluate these markers in lymph nodes from pathologically node-negative (pN0) NSCLC patients. Potential markers were identified through literature and database searches and all markers were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in a primary screen of six NSCLC specimens and 10 benign nodes. Selected markers were further evaluated on 21 primary NSCLC specimens, 21 positive nodes, and 21 benign nodes, and the best individual markers and combinations were identified. A combination of three markers was further validated on an independent set of 32 benign lymph nodes, 38 histologically positive lymph nodes, and 462 lymph nodes from 68 pN0 NSCLC patients. Forty-two markers were evaluated in the primary screen and eight promising markers were selected for further analysis. A combination of three markers (SFTPB, TACSTD1, and PVA) was identified that provided perfect classification of benign and positive nodes in all sample sets. PVA and SFTPB are particularly powerful in tumors of squamous and adenocarcinoma histologies, respectively, whereas TACSTD1 is a good general marker for NSCLC metastasis. The combination of these genes identified 32 of 462 (7%) lymph nodes from 20 of 68 (29%) patients as potentially positive for occult metastasis. Long-term follow-up will determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
1048 DELETION OF CFLIP IN HEPATOCYTES AUGMENTS CCL4-INDUCED LIVER INJURY INVOLVING ACTIVATION OF MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES
Authors: J.M. Schattenberg, M. Nagel, T. Kohl, T. Longerich, P. Schumacher, A. Kreft, Y.-W. He, P.R. Galle, M. Schuchmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prescription for Profit: How Doctors Defraud Medicaid
Authors: Lloyd M. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Today it seems almost trite to say that the American health care system is in chaos. If the well-known crises of soaring costs and limited access were not bad enough, this book examines yet another problem plaguing the system: Medicaid fraud. The authors present horrifying stories. A psychiatrist billed Medicaid for 4800 hours in one year, or for almost 24 hours each workday. Other physicians billed for seeing patients who were dead. Some charged for abortions on women who were not pregnant or who even had previously undergone hysterectomy. One physician billed Medicaid for treating a 22-year-old college football player for diaper rash. The infamous inner-city "Medicaid mills" provide a venue for physicians to charge for seeing literally hundreds of patients a day while dispensing little or no care in exchange for their Medicaid fees. The authors report that fraud is thought to account for 10% to 25% of total
MEASUREMENT OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW
Authors: Philip C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

For over 100 years nitrates have been used as vasodilators. It is now almost 50 years since Meyer 1 showed that nitroglycerin caused dilatation of the coronary arteries of a dog. Subsequently, many nitrates have been used in a search for one with a longer duration of action than nitroglycerin. Of the nitrate compounds with prolonged action, pentaerythritol (Peritrate) tetranitrate, or PETN, has received the greatest clinical acceptance.  While coronary dilatation with nitrates has been objectively demonstrated in animals, a similar effect in human beings is less well documented, especially in those clinical situations in which these drugs have proved most useful. The failure to confirm the effectiveness of nitrates in the abnormal circulation of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease results from the technical difficulty encountered in determining coronary blood flow in intact human beings.  Evidence that these drugs have a beneficial effect on coronary circulation in patients with arteriosclerotic
Points: Apparent haematuria
Authors: N R Rowell, G M Fairris
Journal: BMJ (1988)

gresses more rapidly in this group is in dispute.Although we are unlikely to find premalignant disease in the sexually active girls under 16, we think that cytological screening is useful to educate them about the need for regular cervical smears.These patients are likely to have many sexual partners, have a high prevalence of sexually trans- mitted diseases (770/o-A J Robinson, unpublished data), and be at high risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
A ternary hybrid CdS/Pt–TiO2 nanotube structure for photoelectrocatalytic bactericidal effects on Escherichia Coli
Authors: Qing Kang, Qing Z. Lu, Shao H. Liu, Li X. Yang, Ling F. Wen, Sheng L. Luo, Qing Y. Cai
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Cell Assays: Surface‐Micromachined Microfiltration Membranes for Efficient Isolation and Functional Immunophenotyping of Subpopulations of Immune Cells (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2013)
Authors: Weiqiang Chen, Nien‐Tsu Huang, Boram Oh, Raymond H. W. Lam, Rong Fan, Timothy T. Cornell, Thomas P. Shanley, Katsuo Kurabayashi, Jianping Fu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

An integrated microfluidic immunophenotyping platform is developed by Jianping Fu, Katsuo Kurabayashi, and co-workers on page 965 for rapid and efficient isolation, enrichment, stimulation and functional immunophenotyping of subpopulations of immune cells. Such an innovative tool will allow comprehensive and systems-level immunomonitoring to define and characterize the “immune status” of healthy individuals and patients, critical for clinical interventions and managements of patients with immune system disorders.
Effects of Alcohol
Authors: T. Eden
Journal: BMJ (1844)

others, in respect of salary, I had not, as is now proved, a chance of their being accepted; and why ?A few weeks before the expiration of the year the ass:stant-commissioner visited the union, when he inquired of the guardians if there was any complaint against the medical officers; to which there was a reply in the negative." Oh !" says he, " then they must be re-elected."" But what will Mr.say, for we have not acted quite the thing towards him ?" was the immediate question." Oh! never mind him; he lost it in the lucky year," was Mr. Com.missioner's rejoinder.Such, then, is a part of the " tender system," as appertains to the conduct of guardians, assistant-com.missioners, and of one medical man towards another.Now, however, the office is made permanent alto.gether, and I have no further interest in the matter.
Transient decrease of thrombin generation during hirudin treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: P.A. Merlini, D. Ardissino, K.A. Bauer, L. Oltrona, M. Galvani, F. Ottani, P.M. Mannucci, R.D. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Lights on for aminopeptidases in cystic kidney disease
Authors: Erwin P. Böttinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

While erudite cell biologists have for many decades described singular immotile appendages known as primary cilia to be present on most cells in our bodies, cilial function(s) long remained an enigma. Driven largely by an ever increasing number of discoveries of genetic defects in primary cilia during the past decade, cilia were catapulted from a long lasting existence in obscurity into the bright spotlight in cell biology and medicine. The study by O’Toole et al. in this issue of the JCI adds a novel “enzymatic” facet to the rapidly growing information about these little cellular tails, by demonstrating that defects in the XPNPEP3 gene, which encodes mitochondrial and cytosolic splice variants of X-prolyl aminopeptidase 3, can cause nephronophthisis-like ciliopathy. Future studies are in order now to elucidate the cystogenic pathways affected by disrupted enzymatic function of XPNPEP3 in cilia-related cystogenic diseases.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Lester A. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Lindholm et al (1980;244:2071) conclude that the radioimmunoassay for acid phosphatase  not be used for screening but as an  for  known prostatic carcinoma. Although I agree with this conclusion (based on independent observations), I do not believe the data substantiate their assay as a worthy adjunct for staging prostatic cancer. The goal of  prostate cancer should be to differentiate  from noncurable cases and thus to guide the choice of appropriate forms of treatment. Urologists generally agree that stage A and B lesions are curable, while stage D and probably C are not. The data presented by Lindholm et al show that 22% and 29% of the curable stage lesions would be recorded as positive, while 13% and 48% of the incurable cases would be recorded as negative based on the results of this assay; both groups would be subjected to the
Scope of Physician Procedures Independently Billed by Mid-Level Providers in the Office Setting
Authors: Brett Coldiron, Mondhipa Ratnarathorn
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Mid-level providers (nurse practitioners and physician assistants) were originally envisioned to provide primary care services in underserved areas. This study details the current scope of independent procedural billing to Medicare of difficult, invasive, and surgical procedures by medical mid-level providers.To understand the scope of independent billing to Medicare for procedures performed by mid-level providers in an outpatient office setting for a calendar year.Analyses of the 2012 Medicare Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Master File, which reflects fee-for-service claims that were paid by Medicare, for Current Procedural Terminology procedures independently billed by mid-level providers.Outpatient office setting among health care providers.The scope of independent billing to Medicare for procedures performed by mid-level providers.In 2012, nurse practitioners and physician assistants billed independently for more than 4 million procedures at our cutoff of 5000 paid claims per procedure. Most (54.8%) of these procedures were performed in the specialty area of dermatology.The findings of this study are relevant to safety and quality of care. Recently, the shortage of primary care clinicians has prompted discussion of widening the scope of practice for mid-level providers. It would be prudent to temper widening the scope of practice of mid-level providers by recognizing that mid-level providers are not solely limited to primary care, and may involve procedures for which they may not have formal training.
Abstract 3788: Alpha-2 Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) promotes migration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines.
Authors: Pamela D. Thompson, Kurt Watson, Amos Sakwe, Josiah Ochieng, Dana Marshall
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth most common tumor in the world. Approximately 30,000 new cases of HNSCC are reported each year and 8,000 related deaths, in the United States. HNSCC of the oral cavity is highly metastatic and has a recurrence rate of 20%-50%, with a dismal 5-year survival rate of ∼50%. African-American males have a 5-year survival rate of ∼42% while the survival rate for Caucasian males is 52%. To date, there is no consistent means for early detection or a reliable biomarker for HNSCC, thus perpetuating the lack of improvement in mortality despite advances in delivery of treatment and surgical reconstruction. In a proteomic study seeking possible biomarkers for HNSCC, AHSG was detected at elevated levels in serum. Interestingly, we have found that some HNSCC cell lines synthesize and secrete AHSG. We have also shown in earlier studies, that the lack of AHSG reduces mammary tumor incidence and prolongs tumor latency in a mouse model for breast cancer. Together, this suggests that this hepatocellular glycoprotein that is found in most body fluids including serum could be a potential biomarker for HNSCC. AHSG is a negative acute phase response protein, which makes the findings of elevated levels of AHSG in the proteomic study most intriguing. In order to evaluate the role of AHSG in HNSCC progression (proliferation and metastatic properties) in vitro, we depleted AHSG in the HNSCC cell lineSQ20B. Thus far, we show that depletion of AHSG does not affect the proliferation of SQ20B cells. However, the depletion of AHSG mediates a decrease in migration and invasion of SQ20B cells. We are currently elucidating the molecular mechanisms of AHSG-mediated motility. This work was supported by grants from the NIH-NCI-Score 1 SC1 CA134018-01 (JO); DOD W81XWH-07-1-0254 (J.O); 5 T32 HL007735-15 (SA) and U54 CA091408 (subproject, DM). Citation Format: Pamela D. Thompson, Kurt Watson, Amos Sakwe, Josiah Ochieng, Dana Marshall. Alpha-2 Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) promotes migration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3788. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3788
Visual Field Compression by a Non-Secreting Pituitary Tumour during Pregnancy
Authors: M G Masding, P D Lees, M L Gawne-Cain, D D Sandeman
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The pituitary gland enlarges physiologically in pregnancy, mainly because of lactotroph hyperplasia1. Pre-existing pituitary tumours can likewise increase in size2, but compressive effects may be due to displacement rather than enlargement.
The effects of doxorubicin on ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: H le Marec, W Spinelli, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Doxorubicin, in concentrations that have no effect on fast or slow response action potentials, has been shown to suppress ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations. In this study, we used standard microelectrode techniques to determine the effects of doxorubicin on isolated canine Purkinje fibers. We studied automaticity induced at normal and low membrane potentials, conduction in normal and K+-depolarized Purkinje fibers, and triggered activity induced by ouabain and by experimental myocardial infarction. Doxorubicin, 50 microM, suppressed the triggered activity and the delayed afterdepolarizations that induced it, but had no effect on the other variables. We then studied the effects of intravenous doxorubicin, 16 to 64 mg/m2 body surface area, on ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia and the ventricular tachycardia that occurs 24 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the intact dog. There was no effect on the infarct-induced arrhythmia, but concentrations of doxorubicin that had no other effect on the electrocardiogram suppressed those ouabain-induced arrhythmias that appeared to have been triggered. The automatic arrhythmias induced by ouabain were not affected. Both the latter mechanisms were verified in studies of isolated Purkinje fibers that were obtained on completion of the intact animal experiments. These results indicate that agents having high selectivity for specific arrhythmogenic mechanisms can be useful adjuncts in discriminating among the mechanisms responsible for arrhythmias in intact animals.
Menstrual Problems
Authors: Edwin J. DeCosta
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Many problems arise in association with menstruation. The flow may be abnormal in periodicity, duration, or amount. The flow may be decreased (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) or increased (polymenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, or intermenstrual bleeding). Pain of varying degrees, associated with either a normal or an abnormal menstrual pattern, may be present at various times. There may be premenstrual tension or even emotional disturbances at or near the time of menstruation. And it must not be forgotten that the fertility of the individual may be related to the menstrual pattern. Of these many problems of menstruation, one will be considered at present, that of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. As Brewer<sup>1</sup>has so aptly stated, the term dysfunctional uterine bleeding is as difficult to define as the bleeding is to cure. Yet a definition is in order. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding refers to abnormal bleeding, for which a cause cannot be found, which occurs during