tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Lead Exposure and Weight of 0- to 5-Year-Old Children in Mexico City
Authors: Myriam Afeiche, Karen E. Peterson, Brisa N. Sánchez, David Cantonwine, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Lourdes Schnaas, Adrienne S. Ettinger, Mauricio Hernández-Avila, Howard Hu, Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Cumulative prenatal lead exposure, as measured by maternal bone lead burden, has been associated with smaller weight of offspring at birth and 1 month of age, but no study has examined whether this effect persists into early childhood.We investigated the association of perinatal maternal bone lead, a biomarker of cumulative prenatal lead exposure, with children's attained weight over time from birth to 5 years of age.Children were weighed at birth and at several intervals up until 60 months. Maternal tibia and patella lead were measured at 1 month postpartum using in vivo K-shell X-ray fluorescence. We used varying coefficient models with random effects to assess the association of maternal bone lead with weight trajectories of 522 boys and 477 girls born between 1994 and 2005 in Mexico City.After controlling for breast-feeding duration, maternal anthropometry, and sociodemographic characteristics, a 1-SD increase in maternal patella lead (micrograms per gram) was associated with a 130.9-g decrease in weight [95% confidence interval (CI), -227.4 to -34.4 g] among females and a 13.0-g nonsignificant increase in weight among males (95% CI, -73.7 to 99.9 g) at 5 years of age. These associations were similar after controlling for concurrent blood lead levels between birth and 5 years.Maternal bone lead was associated with lower weight over time among female but not male children up to 5 years of age. Given that the association was evident for patellar but not tibial lead levels, and was limited to females, results need to be confirmed in other studies.
Actuarial Outcome After Catheter Balloon Commissurotomy in Patients With Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Sharon E. Orrange, David T. Kawanishi, Becky M. Lopez, Susan M. Curry, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The goal of the present study was to determine the intermediate-term survival and the independent predictors of survival and event-free survival for patients who undergo catheter balloon commissurotomy (CBC). Methods and Results CBC for the treatment of mitral stenosis was performed in 132 patients from 1986 through 1994. The use of CBC increased the mitral valve area (MVA) from 1.0±0.3 to 1.9±0.6 cm 2 ( P &lt;.001). There were six early deaths (4.5%) up to 1 month after CBC (“hospital” deaths). In the past 4.5 years, there have been no hospital deaths. Four late deaths occurred after elective mitral valve replacement (MVR). Actuarial 7-year survival was 95±1%; when mortality after MVR is included, 7-year survival was 83±6%. Actuarial 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year event-free survival (survival without MVR or repeat CBC) was 80±4%, 77±4%, 65±6%, and 65±6%. On multivariate analysis, the only two independent predictors (both after CBC) of 7-year event-free survival were MVA of ≥1.5 versus &lt;1.5 cm 2 (75±7% versus 32±12%) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure of ≤18 versus &gt;18 mm Hg (84±6% versus 38±11%) ( P &lt;.001 for both). Patients with MVA of ≥1.5 cm 2 (n=96) could be further subdivided into high- and low-risk subgroups for 7-year event-free survival by two post-CBC variables: mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure of ≤18 versus &gt;18 mm Hg (90±6% versus 48±14%) ( P =.0002) and cardiac index of ≥2.5 versus &lt;2.5 L·min −1 ·m −2 (82±8% versus 61±13%) ( P =.004). Patients with post-CBC MVA of &lt;1.5 cm 2 (n=24) had no additional predictors of event-free survival. Of patients who did not undergo MVR or repeat CBC, 8% were in New York Heart Association functional class III and 92% were in class I or early class II at the last follow-up. Conclusions The rates for intermediate-term survival and event-free survival after CBC are very encouraging. Most patients without events were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Thus, in selected patients with mitral stenosis who require an interventional procedure, CBC is the procedure of choice at centers with physicians who have experience and skill in performing this procedure.
Association of the Platelet Pl <sup>A</sup> Polymorphism of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and the Fibrinogen Bβ 448 Polymorphism With Myocardial Infarction and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Angela M. Carter, Nicholas Ossei-Gerning, Ian J. Wilson, Peter J. Grant
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Platelets and fibrinogen play an integral role in the development of thrombosis and are implicated in the process of atherosclerosis. The fibrinogen Bβ 448 polymorphism and the Pl A polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa are reported to be independently associated with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the fibrinogen Bβ 448 and the platelet glycoprotein IIIa Pl A polymorphisms in relation to extent of coronary atheroma as characterized by angiography and a past history of myocardial infarction (MI) as assessed by World Health Organization criteria. Methods and Results Caucasian patients (n=405) admitted for routine angiography for investigation of chest pain or suspected coronary artery disease were recruited. Caucasian control subjects (n=216) were recruited from local Family Health Services Authority general practice registers. Fibrinogen levels were higher ( P =.04) in male patients (3.24 g/L; CI, 3.14 to 3.35) than male control subjects (3.06 g/L; CI, 2.91 to 3.21). There was a trend toward a difference ( P =.06) in fibrinogen genotype distributions between female patients (1/1=93, 1/2=31, and 2/2=1) and female control subjects (1/1=67, 1/2=34, and 2/2=5). In logistic regression models the Pl A2 genotype was associated with MI (odds ratio, 1.66; CI, 1.15 to 2.39; P =.007) and stenosis of more than one vessel (odds ratio, 1.5; CI, 1.01 to 2.26; P =.04). In men suffering an MI before the age of 47 years there was a 50% incidence of the Pl A2 allele ( P =.05), and in these subjects there was evidence of an interaction with cholesterol ( P =.04). Conclusions We found evidence of an association of the Pl A2 polymorphism in MI and multiple-vessel stenosis. The association with MI was strongest in young men, in whom there was also evidence of an interaction with cholesterol.
P3-01-15: The Role of Src Homology Phosphotyrosyl Phosphatase-2 in Basal-Type/Triple-Negative Breast Cancer – Implications for Targeted Therapy.
Authors: YM Agazie, F Matalka, ZR Hartman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Of all breast cancer subtypes, the basal-type/triple-negative breast cancer (BTBC) has the worst clinical outcome. The major reasons are the highly invasive nature of the disease and the limited treatment options available to patients. As opposed to the HER2−positive and the hormone-positive breast cancers, targeted therapy against BTBC is unavailable. These premises underscore the need for discovering and characterizing drug targets in BTBC. In this study, we have focused on the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP) which seems to play pivotal roles in BTBC. The major reason for focusing on SHP2 is that it is an essential downstream effector of mitogenic and cell survival signaling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR (HER1) and IGF-1R, and the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src, which are known to be elevated in BTBC. Materials and Methods: The state of SHP2 and EGFR expression in BTBC tumors was determined by immunohistochemistry. The functional significance of SHP2 in BTBC cells was investigated by ablating its expression with specific shRNA and then assessing impact on mitogenic and cell survival signaling using immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies, effect on transformation using 3D cultures such as growth in soft agar and matrigel, consequence on cell motility and invasiveness using florescent-tagged matrigel. Furthermore, the impact of SHP2 inhibition on tumorigenesis was tested by intramammary transplantation in vivo and monitoring and analyzing tumor growth and metastasis. Results: We have shown that the SHP2 protein is elevated in BTBC tumors. More importantly, the elevated expression of SHP2 is highly correlated with overexpression of the EGFR (HER1), suggesting their potential synergistic role to promote BTBC. Inhibition of SHP2 in BTBC cells reversed transformation and suppressed proliferation, indicating their dependence on the function of SHP2. Moreover, inhibition of SHP2 abolished EGF-induced mitogenic and cell survival signaling, which is in agreement with its role in cell proliferation and transformation. More dramatic was that the invasive phenotype of BTBC cells in 3D matrigel was completely blocked by inhibition of SHP2, suggesting that the invasive property of these cells is dependent on SHP2. Even more dramatic was that the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of BTBC cells was abolished by SHP2 inhibition. Discussion: The current study demonstrates that SHP2 plays a pivotal role in promoting BTBC. Given that SHP2 is a tyrosine phosphatase with positive signaling role, its promotion of BTBC must occurs through promotion of tyrosine kinase signaling. Together, our results provide the first glimpse on the potential of SHP2 as a drug target in BTBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-15.
Evidence for an enhancing effect of carbonated liquids on complex human swallowing behaviour
Authors: A. Mastan, E. Michou, S. Mistry, O. Elshukri, S. Hamdy
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anecdotal clinical evidence supports the use of carbonated liquids for reducing pharyngeal transit time and the likelihood of aspiration in dysphagic patients compared to non-carbonated liquids.1 However, there is limited literature on the effects of carbonation on the physiology of swallowing behaviour. The aim of this study was thus to examine the effects of carbonated compared to non-carbonated solutions on swallowing behaviour, assessed by a novel reaction time task,2 in healthy participants. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected from 20 adult volunteers (mean age 25.7 years, 12 male). Volunteers swallowed an intrapharyngeal catheter with built-in pressure transducers to measure pharyngeal pressures. Subjects were asked to swallow either carbonated (condition A) or still (condition B) water, while performing 10 normal swallows (normally paced swallows), 10 fast swallows (swallowing as fast as possible) and 10 challenged swallows (swallowing within a limited time window). The conditions were performed twice and allocated in a pseudo-randomised manner. The trigger to swallow was an electrical pulse to the hand. A locally programmed laboratory interface system was used to record swallowing reaction times. Data were analysed with non-parametric Wilcoxon9s test in SPSS 14. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Normal swallows:</i> Despite a greater spread and wider IQR for carbonated water ((ms): still =875, carbonated =873), there was no difference between mean swallowing times between conditions ((ms): still = 1995, carbonated =2027, p= 0.50). <i>Fast swallows:</i> As with normal swallows, the IQR was larger with carbonated compared to still water ((ms): still=463, carbonated=588), however there remained no difference between the two conditions (means (ms): still =886, carbonated=879, p=0.74). <i>Challenged swallows:</i> By contrast to automated swallowing, carbonated water improved the number of correctly timed challenged swallows by ∼29% compared to still (mean (% correct) ±SD: still=31, carbonated=40, p=0.02). Across all swallowing tasks, there were no gender specific effects of carbonation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Carbonation appears to alter swallowing behaviour by favouring improvements in complex tasks over automated tasks. This has implications for the use of carbonation as a treatment option for dysphagic patients in preventing aspiration. These findings provide support for carbonation being a useful means of altering swallowing performance, potentially in those at risk of aspiration and lay the foundation for further studies accounting for pH, temperature and taste on swallowing function.
Physical training and hypertension have opposite effects on endothelial brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression
Authors: Anne Prigent-Tessier, Aurore Quirié, Katy Maguin-Gaté, Justyna Szostak, Claude Mossiat, Maude Nappey, Sylvie Devaux, Christine Marie, Céline Demougeot
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Changes in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were reported in patients with or at risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a link between BDNF and endothelial functionality. However, little is known on cardiovascular BDNF. Our aim was to investigate levels/localization, function, and relevance of cardiovascular BDNF. BDNF levels (western blotting) and localization (immunostaining) were assessed in the heart and aorta from rats with impaired (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]), normal (Wistar Kyoto rats [WKY]), and improved (SHR and WKY subjected to physical training) endothelial function. BDNF levels were also measured in cultured endothelial cells (CECs) subjected to low and high shear stress. The cardiovascular effects of BDNF were investigated in isolated aortic rings and hearts. The results showed high BDNF levels in the heart and aorta, the expression being prominent in endothelial cells as compared with other cell types. Exogenous BDNF vasodilated aortic rings but changed neither coronary flow nor cardiac contractility. Hypertension was associated with decreased expression of BDNF in the endothelium, whereas physical training led to endothelial BDNF up-regulation not only in WKY but also in SHR. Exposure of CECs to high shear stress stimulated BDNF production and secretion. Cardiovascular BDNF is mainly localized within endothelial cells in which its expression is dependent on endothelial function. These results open new perspectives on the role of endothelial BDNF in cardiovascular health.
Review of Sci-Mate™
Authors: EUGENE GARFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1984Review of Sci-Mate™EUGENE GARFIELD, PH.D., CATHERYNE STOUT, M.S.I.S.EUGENE GARFIELD, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, CATHERYNE STOUT, M.S.I.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-914_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Thank you for an accurate and objective review of our Sci-Mate™ software package (1). We believe that the true test of a software product's worth is in trials by users and reviewers. And, as we expected, Sci-Mate does well in such trials.There are several points made in Wigton's review we would like to clarify. First, we agree that Sci-Mate's performance on the Apple personal computer is cumbersome. However, there has been so much demand for software to run on this machine that we feel we must support it. We strongly recommend use of a hard disk...Reference1. WIGTON R. Review of Sci-Mate Universal Online Searcher and Sci-Mate Personal Data Manager. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:621-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Institute for Scientific Information Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1984Volume 100, Issue 6Page: 914-914KeywordsPersonal computers Issue Published: 1 June 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hazards of biliary tract surgery
Authors: G A D McPherson, I S Benjamin, L H Blumgart
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Pooled IgG preparations for i.v. use (IVIg) have been shown to possess anticomplementary activity in autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. Both in vitro and in vivo, IVIg is a preferential acceptor of activated C4 and C3, thus diverting complement activation from the target surface. We explored the effect of IVIg on complement-bacteria interactions in an attempt both to determine the safety of IVIg preparations in relation to natural immunity to bacteria and to extend our knowledge of the physiologic mechanism of action of IVIg. Using both complement-sensitive and complement-resistant bacterial strains, we investigated the effect of IVIg on C3 binding to bacterial surfaces. In all cases, whether complement could be directly activated by bacteria through the classical or the alternative pathway, IVIg had no effect on the amount of C3 bound to bacteria. In addition, IVIg did not inhibit complement-dependent bacterial lysis. Interestingly, increasing concentrations of IVIg induced an increase in C1q binding, suggesting the presence of low affinity complement-fixing antibacterial Abs in certain preparations. Using serum samples from patients treated with IVIg, complement binding to and lysis of complement-sensitive bacterial strains were not modified as compared with normal controls and pretreatment samples, although a decrease in C3 binding to sensitized human erythrocytes was observed. Our data suggest that IVIg does not affect direct complement-bacteria interactions, although it is a potent agent to use for diversion of complement activation on sensitized target surfaces.
Population-Based Prevention of Obesity
Authors: Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Eva Obarzanek, Nicolas Stettler, Ronny Bell, Alison E. Field, Stephen P. Fortmann, Barry A. Franklin, Matthew W. Gillman, Cora E. Lewis, Walker Carlos Poston, June Stevens, Yuling Hong
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Obesity is a major influence on the development and course of cardiovascular diseases and affects physical and social functioning and quality of life. The importance of effective interventions to reduce obesity and related health risks has increased in recent decades because the number of adults and children who are obese has reached epidemic proportions. To prevent the development of overweight and obesity throughout the life course, population-based strategies that improve social and physical environmental contexts for healthful eating and physical activity are essential. Population-based approaches to obesity prevention are complementary to clinical preventive strategies and also to treatment programs for those who are already obese. This American Heart Association scientific statement aims: 1) to raise awareness of the importance of undertaking population-based initiatives specifically geared to the prevention of excess weight gain in adults and children; 2) to describe considerations for undertaking obesity prevention overall and in key risk subgroups; 3) to differentiate environmental and policy approaches to obesity prevention from those used in clinical prevention and obesity treatment; 4) to identify potential targets of environmental and policy change using an ecological model that includes multiple layers of influences on eating and physical activity across multiple societal sectors; and 5) to highlight the spectrum of potentially relevant interventions and the nature of evidence needed to inform population-based approaches. The evidence-based experience for population-wide approaches to obesity prevention is highlighted.
Average Daily Blood Pressure, Not Office Blood Pressure, Determines Cardiac Function in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: William B. White
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To determine the presence of cardiac disease in hypertensive patients with disparities between physician and out-of-office blood pressures, we prospectively studied three groups of age-matched patients identified by both casual (office) and ambulatory blood pressures: (1) office blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg and awake ambulatory blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or less ("office" hypertensives); (2) office blood pressure less than 135/85 mm Hg and awake ambulatory blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg or less (normotensives); and (3) office blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg and awake ambulatory blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater ("daytime" hypertensives). In the patients with office hypertension, both the left atrial index and left ventricular mass index were significantly less than in patients with daytime hypertension and not statistically different from those of the normotensive subjects. Left ventricular filling rate at rest and ejection fraction at peak exercise were significantly greater in the office hypertensive group than in the daytime hypertensive group but were no different from those of the normotensive subjects. These findings demonstrate that patients with blood pressure elevation only in the physician's office have cardiac size and function similar to those of normotensive individuals. Thus, the average daily blood pressure best predicts cardiac end-organ damage. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:873-877)
Ventricular Resection Guided by Epicardial and Endocardial Mapping for Treatment of Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Leonard N. Horowitz, Alden H. Harken, John A. Kastor, Mark E. Josephson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Recurrent, medically refractory ventricular tachycardia is usually associated with ventricular aneurysms after myocardial infarction, but aneurysmectomy alone has not been consistently effective in abolishing this dangerous arrhythmia. Therefore, we have used endocardial and epicardial mapping during induced ventricular tachycardia in 30 consecutive patients to identify the probable site where arrhythmia originated in the endocardial tissue. Complete resection of the site was possible in 27 patients, and partial resection in three. In addition, aneurysmectomy was performed in 27 patients, and coronary-bypass grafting in 21. There were two operative and three late nonarrhythmic deaths. None of the 25 surviving patients have had ventricular tachycardia during follow-up of four to 28 months; three patients, who had incomplete resections, have required antiarrhythmic drugs. We conclude that surgical therapy of recurrent ventricular tachycardia can be improved through identification of the endocardial origin of the arrhythmia followed by appropriately guided resection. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:589–93.)
Prognostication of neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest patients after mild therapeutic hypothermia: a meta-analysis of the current literature
Authors: M. J. A. Kamps, J. Horn, M. Oddo, J. E. Fugate, C. Storm, T. Cronberg, C. A. Wijman, O. Wu, J. M. Binnekade, C. W. E. Hoedemaekers
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Different D end-dependent antigenic determinants are recognized by H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells specific for influenza and Bebaru viruses.
Authors: R V Blanden, A Müllbacher, R B Ashman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Two different BALB/c anti-CBA (H-2k)monoclonal antibodies that bind to Kk and Dk antigens blocked Tc cell-mediated lysis of L929 (Kk, Dk) target cells, but with quite different specificity. One antibody (30R3) powerfully blocked Kk-specific lysis mediated by alloreactive or Kk-restricted Tc cells immune to ectromelia, Sendai, or influenza viruses. The other antibody (27R9) blocked these anti-Kk Tc cells much less than 30R3, but in contrast, 27R9 blocked anti-Dk lysis much more than 30R3. Most importantly, 27R9 strongly blocked Dk-restricted anti-influenza Tc cells, but did not significantly block Dk-restricted anti-Bebaru (BEB) lysis. This result indicated that different H-2 determinants coded in the D end of H-2k were recognized by influenza-and BEB-immune Tc cells. These determinants may be carried on two different molecules coded by the H-2D and H-2L loci, but other possibilities are not yet excluded.