tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Carotid Stenosis — Polling Results
Authors: Autumn Klein, Caren G. Solomon, Mary Beth Hamel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In early April, we presented the case of a 67-year-old man with asymptomatic carotid disease in Clinical Decisions,1 an interactive feature designed to assess how readers would manage a clinical problem for which there may be more than one appropriate treatment. The patient was a nonsmoker with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who was noted to have a carotid bruit on routine examination. He was also found to have a stenosis of 70 to 80% of the right internal carotid artery with an irregular plaque and an elevated peak velocity. The left internal carotid artery showed a 20% stenosis. . . .
Probable visualization of the elusive hepatitis C virus
Authors: Harvey J. Alter, James W.-K. Shih
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not yet been cultured or visualized. We attempted to recover HCV-associated particles from plasma of infected humans to assess the natural properties of the virus. Starting with 720 ml of donor plasma containing high titer of HCV core antigen ELISA activities, we identified HCV core antigen activity and viral RNA enriched in a potassium bromide density gradient fraction with a density of 1.115 g/ml. Icosahedron-shaped particles with an average diameter of 33 nm were liberated by treatment of the fraction with the detergent Tween 80. These particles were selectively visualized with an electron microscope using a grid coated with a murine monoclonal antibody directed to HCV core peptide and were also observed in aggregated forms with an immune electron microscope (IEM) with use of the anti-core antibody. An ultracentrifugation pellet of the above fraction was treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol(2ME) and run in SDS-PAGE. A protein that bound antibodies directed to the predicted core protein of HCV was found at a molecular size estimated as about 26,000 Da, significantly greater than the 191 amino acid residues predicted from the presumed core gene of HCV. It is possible that translation initiation and/or the COOH-terminal cleavage site for HCV core protein in vivo may differ from estimates derived from the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein precursor. The nucleocapsid could also be chemically altered in the infected cell, resulting in a gel mobility different from the native protein.
Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood
Authors: S Lewis, D Richards, J Bynner, N Butler, J Britton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The object of this study was to determine the relative importance of low birth weight, preterm birth, low maternal age, household size, exposure to maternal smoking, personal smoking at 16 yrs of age, early termination of breastfeeding and socioeconomic status in the aetiology of wheezing illness in the first 5 yrs of life, and on the persistence of this illness at 16 yrs of age. In 15,712 children born in Britain during one week of April 1970, the occurrence of wheezing by 5 yrs of age, and of wheezing in the past year at 16 yrs of age within this group were analysed in multivariate logistic regression against each potential risk factor. The independent determinants of wheezing by 5 yrs of age were male sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) for 15+ cigarettes.day-1 = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22-1.58) and low birthweight (OR for birthweight &lt; 2.5 kg = 1.26; 95% Cl 1.07-1.50). Of children who had wheezed by 5 yrs of age, 15% reported wheezing in the past 12 months at 16 yrs of age. The persistence of symptoms at 16 yrs of age was independently related to low maternal age (OR for 20 vs 40 yrs of age = 1.96; 95% CI 1.08-3.45) and to high social status (OR for most vs least advantaged = 1.95; 95% CI 1.13-3.38). We conclude that low birth weight and maternal smoking in pregnancy are independent risk factors for early childhood wheezing, but in 85% of children with early wheezing it resolves by 16 yrs of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: R. Crawford Morris
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Visual Acuity Outcomes among Patients with Appositional Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Authors: Ingrid U. Scott, Harry W. Flynn, Joyce Schiffman, William E. Smiddy, Fiona Ehlies
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

Objective:The purpose of the study is to investigate visual acuity outcomes among patients with appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage and to identify clinical features associated with visual prognosis.Design: The study design was a retrospective chart review.Participants: All patients whose ocular echographic examination results showed appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 1996 were included.Fifty-one patients were identified.Intervention: Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients' medical records.Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity at 3, 6, and 12 months posthemorrhage and clinical features associated with visual prognosis were defined.Results: At final follow-up fifteen (29.4%) patients achieved either their prehemorrhage visual acuity (n = 7) or a visual acuity of 20/200 or better (n = 8), but 14 (27.5%)patients had no light perception.Predictors of a poor visual outcome include vitreous incarceration in the wound/bleb (P = 0.014), concurrent or delayed retinal detachment (P = 0.003), and afferent pupillary defect on presentation (P = 0.002).Poorer visual acuity on presentation (r = 0.37, P = 0.008) and longer duration of central retinal apposition (r = 0.51, P < 0.001) also were significantly associated with poor final visual acuity.Patients in whom the suprachoroidal hemorrhage maintained an appositional configuration for more than 14 days were more likely to have worse final visual acuities than were patients with appositional choroidals for fewer than 14 days (P = 0.006).The association between duration of apposition and final visual acuity was significant, both among patients whose suprachoroidal hemorrhages were observed (n = 26, r = 0.60, P = 0.001) and among patients who underwent secondary surgical intervention (n = 23, r = 0.66, P = 0.001).Patients with postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhages achieved better final visual acuities than did patients in whom suprachoroidal hemorrhages developed intraoperatively or after trauma (P = 0.038). Conclusions:Appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a serious ocular complication with a guarded visual prognosis.A variety of clinical features, including vitreous incarceration in the wound/bleb, concurrent or delayed retinal detachment, afferent pupillary defect, presenting visual acuity, and duration of central retinal apposition, may help predict visual outcome.
Endoscopic Therapy of Posttransplant Biliary Stenoses After Right-Sided Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Thomas Zoepf, Evelyn J. Maldonado–lopez, Philip Hilgard, Joerg Schlaak, Massimo Malago, Christoph E. Broelsch, Ulrich Treichel, Guido Gerken
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Microsatellite variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans: a reciprocal test of the ascertainment bias hypothesis
Authors: C. M. Hutter, M. D. Schug, C. F. Aquadro
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Interspecific comparisons of microsatellite loci have repeatedly shown that the loci are longer and more variable in the species from which they are derived (the focal species) than are homologous loci in other (nonfocal) species. There is debate as to whether this is due to directional evolution or to an ascertainment bias during the cloning and locus selection processes. This study tests these hypotheses by performing a reciprocal study. Eighteen perfect dinucleotide microsatellite loci identified from a Drosophila simulans library screen and 18 previously identified in an identical Drosophila melanogaster library screen were used to survey natural populations of each species. No difference between focal and nonfocal species was observed for mean PCR fragment length. However, heterozygosity and number of alleles were significantly higher in the focal species than in the nonfocal species. The most common allele in the Zimbabwe population of both species was sequenced for 31 of the 36 loci. The length of the longest stretch of perfect repeat units is, on average, longer in the focal species than in the non-focal species. There is a positive correlation between the length of the longest stretch of perfect repeats and heterozygosity. The difference in heterozygosity can thus be explained by a reduction in the length of the longest stretch of perfect repeats in the nonfocal species. Furthermore, flanking-sequence length difference was noted between the two species at 58% of the loci sequenced. These data do not support the predictions of the directional-evolution hypothesis; however, consistent with the ascertainment bias hypothesis, the lower variability in nonfocal species is an artifact of the microsatellite cloning and isolation process. Our results also suggest that the magnitude of ascertainment bias for repeat unit length is a function of the microsatellite size distribution in the genomes of different species.
Remarks on the Value and significance of Certain Signs and Symptoms of Pancreatic Disease
Authors: B. G. A. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (1904)

THE pancreas, like many other glands, has an internal and an -external secretion.The internal secietion is the product of the islands of Langerhans, and controls the assimilation of -sugars.The islands of Langerhans have no connexion with the secreting cells or with the ducts of the pancreas, and any pathological change in them produces, therefore, no alteration in the external secretion.The external secretion, poured into the second part of the duodenum at the diverticulum of "Vater, is the most active and the most important of all the -digestive juices.Diseases of the pancreas may affect the islands of Langerhans only, thereby interfering with the internal secretion, or with the parenchyma of the gland, thereby interfering with the, external secret ion, or, rarely, and in advanced stages only, the whole gland may be involved and both secretions may ke lessened or aboliehed.X. Glycosuria and Diabetes.The association of diabetes with diseases of the pancreas was first pointedoutbyCawleyin 1788 in the LondonMedicalJournal. Bright and other observers have confirmed the existence of the aesociation by many recorded cases.The experimental work of von Mering and Minkowski, and later of inkowski alone, showed that removal of the pancreas caused diabetes.The pancreas controls the carbohydrate metabolism, and loss -of the organ is followed by diabetes.It was suggested by [Dzo-31, 1904- PANCREATIO -DISEASE.PANCREATIC DISEASE.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ibts Ju-Lesion.Stools.
173 IN SEARCH FOR GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: RELEVANCE OF NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAIN CONTAINING 2 (NOD2)VARIANTS
Authors: L. Mayer, M. Krawczyk, M. Mahler, A. Lang, F. Grünhage, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Collective nitric oxide production provides tissue-wide immunity during Leishmania infection
Authors: Romain Olekhnovitch, Bernhard Ryffel, Andreas J. Müller, Philippe Bousso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Nitric oxide (NO) production is critical for the host defense against intracellular pathogens; however, it is unclear whether NO-dependent control of intracellular organisms depends on cell-intrinsic or cell-extrinsic activity of NO. For example, NO production by infected phagocytes may enable these cells to individually control their pathogen burden. Alternatively, the ability of NO to diffuse across cell membranes might be critical for infection control. Here, using a murine ear infection model, we found that, during infection with the intracellular parasite Leishmania major, expression of inducible NO synthase does not confer a cell-intrinsic ability to lower parasite content. We demonstrated that the diffusion of NO promotes equally effective parasite killing in NO-producing and bystander cells. Importantly, the collective production of NO by numerous phagocytes was necessary to reach an effective antimicrobial activity. We propose that, in contrast to a cell-autonomous mode of pathogen control, this cooperative mechanism generates an antimicrobial milieu that provides the basis for pathogen containment at the tissue level.
EPIDEMIC ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS IN HUNTINGDONSHIRE
Authors: C. B. Moss-Blundell
Journal: BMJ (1911)

EPIDEMIC ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS.r 1. THE RlCTIyTI ISThe following day there was retractioni of lbea(l and(I necl, well marked; also tache c(r;brale.The slightest movement of the head caused great paini, anid the spiine was somewhat bowedl.Lumbar puncture was rierformedf the same night, 2 to 3 (drachms of fluid being withdrawni, clear anid came away (trot) by drop.This proved to be sterile.The next day the chlild seemed somewlhat relieved.For two or tlhree days, however, the child was very irritable, dliarrhoea was present, and faeces and urine were passed involuntarily.There was slight delirium at night.Lumbar puincture was again performed, 6 to 7 drachms of fluid being withtdrawn, this time under marked pressure.Dr. Gordoni reported oln this: Albumen, 6 per cenit.; sngar, il: Iilms anid cultures sterile; ly-mphocytes but no leucocytes present.The lumlbar puXncture was follow'ed by marked improvement in the child's condition.Paill lessenied an(l the child mucl more comfortable.The childl is now left witlh both legs paralysed, withl wastinig, especially of the vasti anid the anterior tibial muscles.Dropped foot on both sides anid no movement of either leg.The deltoids are slightly affected.GROUP IV.-TRA-N'SIENXT TYPE.CASE XXI.T., female, aged 16.First taken ill on June 18th, andl seein on June 20th.She complained that she lad loss of )ower in tle left arm.No temperature, rash, or headache.In short, there was ilo constitutional disturbance.There was complete loss of power in the left deltoid and biceps accompaniied withl pain.June 26th.Power of movement returniing, but still painiful.
Female Olympians' Sex Tests Outmoded
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

UNLIKE THEIR male counterparts, about 3500 women participating in female-only events in the Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga, are required to undergo a diagnostic procedure that most medical experts have characterized as mis-guided and unnecessary: a sex test aimed at verifying that they are not males masquerading as females. The aim of the tests is to ensure a level playing field for female athletes by preventing males—with their naturally androgen-enhanced muscular strength—from misrepresenting themselves and competing against women in female-only contests. But most medical authorities say that sex testing is far more likely to unfairly bar from competition women with genetic abnormalities that confer no such advantages. Sex testing was eliminated in 1992 by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF), the world's largest sports federation. Other groups on record against requiring gender verification for athletic competitions include the American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
EVALUATION OF 67Ga SPECT PRE AND POST-THERAPY OF THORACIC HODGKIN'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN
Authors: J. Tian, C. T.C. Tan, S. J. Abramson, S. D.J. Yeh, S. M. Larson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Tian, J.; Tan, C. T.C.; Abramson, S. J.; Yeh, S. D.J.; Larson, S. M. Author Information
AIDS Data Animation Maps Evolving US Epidemic
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ONE WOULD EXPECT that 13 years' worth of AIDS mortality data would be enough to make an epidemiologist's eyes glaze over, let alone those of an average citizen. But now, thanks to a collaboration hatched in cyberspace, this kind of information is being beamed up onto the Internet in the form of a short animated mini-movie that demonstrates how AIDS evolved across the United States from the epidemic's early days up to today. The project is the brainchild of Timothy R. Coté, MD, MPH, who was until recently an epidemiologist at the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Viral Epidemiology Branch. Inspired by a seminar conducted by Yale University political scientist Edward R. Tufte, author of a classic work,<i>The Visual Display of Quantitative Information</i>, Coté pondered how Tufte's ideas might be applied to presenting AIDS data in a more effective way. In particular, he was intrigued with the notion of representing
Dehydroepiandrosterone has strong antifibrotic effects and is decreased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Criselda Mendoza-Milla, Ana Valero Jiménez, Claudia Rangel, Alfredo Lozano, Violeta Morales, Carina Becerril, Roberto Chavira, Víctor Ruiz, Lourdes Barrera, Martha Montaño, Annie Pardo, Moisés Selman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an ageing-related lung disorder characterised by expansion of the myofibroblast population and aberrant lung remodelling. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid pro-hormone, decreases with age but an exaggerated decline has been associated with chronic degenerative diseases. We quantified the plasma levels of DHEA and its sulfated form (DHEA-S) in 137 IPF patients and 58 controls and examined the effects of DHEA on human lung fibroblasts. Plasma DHEA/DHEA-S was significantly decreased in male IPF patients (median (range) DHEA: 4.4 (0.2–29.2) versus 6.7 (2.1–15.2) ng·mL −1 , p&lt;0.01; DHEA-S: 47 (15.0–211) versus 85.2 (37.6–247.0) μg·dL −1 , p&lt;0.001), while in females only DHEA-S was significantly decreased (32.6 (15.0–303.0) versus 68.3 (16.4–171) μg·dL −1 , p&lt;0.001). DHEA caused a decrease in fibroblast proliferation and an approximately two-fold increase in fibroblast apoptosis, probably through the intrinsic pathway with activation of caspase-9. This effect was accompanied by upregulation of several pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor CDNK1A) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (c-IAP)1 and c-IAP2. DHEA also caused a significant decrease of transforming growth factor-β1-induced collagen production and fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, and inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced fibroblast migration. These findings demonstrate a disproportionate decrease of DHEA/DHEA-S in IPF patients and indicate that this molecule has multiple antifibrotic properties.
Faecal stream diversion in patients with collagenous colitis.
Authors: G Jarnerot, J Bohr, C Tysk, S Eriksson
Journal: Gut (1996)

Letters the decreased CDAI scores, which are considered universally as unreliable and subjective assessments, remission induced in these patients by the novel treatment is probably only short lived.The high concen- trations of soluble TNF receptors show, in our opinion, that these patients have not achieved a stable remission.We have found that the concentration of the soluble TNF receptors in the urine is a useful prognostic indicator for determining the efficacy of treat- ment and predicting a change in the status of the disease: relapse and remission.
Interleukin 15 Induces Endothelial Hyaluronan Expression in Vitro and Promotes Activated T Cell Extravasation through a Cd44-Dependent Pathway in Vivo
Authors: Pila Estess, Animesh Nandi, Mansour Mohamadzadeh, Mark H. Siegelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

T cell recruitment to extralymphoid tissues is fundamental to the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory state during immune and autoimmune responses. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a proinflammatory cytokine whose described functions largely overlap with those of IL-2. The latter is attributable in large part to its binding of the heterotrimeric receptor that contains the β and γ chains of the IL-2R in combination with an unique IL-15Rα chain. However, unlike IL-2, IL-15 and its receptor have a wide tissue and cell type distribution, including endothelial cells. Here, we examine the effect of IL-15 on hyaluronan expression by endothelial cells, and investigate its role in vivo in promoting the extravasation of antigen-activated T cells through a CD44-dependent pathway. The expression of hyaluronan on primary endothelial cells and microvascular endothelial cell lines is induced by IL-15, whereas IL-2 has no such activity. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of IL-15 or TNF-α in the absence of other exogenous proinflammatory stimuli allows the extravasation of superantigen-stimulated T cells into this site in vivo in a CD44-dependent manner. T cell recruitment induced by IL-15 requires expression of an intact IL-2Rβ chain, indicating that IL-15 operates in this context through the traditional IL-15R. The results suggest that IL-15 can regulate endothelial cell function and thereby enables a CD44-initiated adhesion pathway that facilitates entry of activated T lymphocytes into inflammatory sites. They further demonstrate a novel role for IL-15 (distinct from any of IL-2) in regulating microvascular endothelial cell adhesive function, help to understand the role of IL-15R expression on endothelium, and further support a central position for this cytokine in orchestrating multiple sequential aspects of T cell effector function and therefore chronic inflammatory processes.
Smoking bans are linked to reduction in preterm births and childhood asthma, says study
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Rates of preterm births and paediatric hospital admissions for asthma fell by 10% within a year of smoke-free legislation taking effect, says a systematic review and meta-analysis on the issue.1

The research, published in the Lancet, included 11 eligible studies published from 2008 to 2013, which involved more than 2.5 million births and nearly 250 000 asthma exacerbations. …