tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The virtual disappearance of rheumatic fever in the United States: lessons in the rise and fall of disease. T. Duckett Jones memorial lecture.
Authors: L Gordis
Journal: Circulation (1985)

lished his paper entitled "The Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever."'Jones had the foresight to recognize the im- portance of standardized diagnostic criteria from three points of view.He wrote: "(1) Otherwise, [without standardized criteria] the incidence of rheumatic fever may be interpreted as varying greatly whether the data are collected by surveys, the development of a rheu- matic fever register, making the disease reportable, or the study of hospital records.( 2) The interpretation of study programs of prevention and care is obviously dependent on such diagnostic criteria."Jones' third point dealt with the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria if valid information regarding ultimate prognosis were to be obtained and provided to patients and their families.It is noteworthy that the primary benefits he described were not so much the improved clinical management of individual patients with rheu- matic fever, but rather facilitation of the collection of meaningful incidence data and evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention programs.In this article I would like to discuss the dramatically changing incidence of rheumatic fever and its relation to our preventive ef- forts.The studies I will present were possible only because of the broad acceptance and utilization of the diagnostic criteria promulgated by Dr. Jones 40 years ago.Throughout history people have been intrigued by the apparent appearance and disappearance of human disease, believed by many to be actions of the gods in direct response to humain behavior.Over the years there have been attempts to develop a scientific ration-
Firm foundation for senior house officers: Five years is long enough
Authors: Alan Leaman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Firm foundation for senior house officers Five years is long enoughEditor-The editorial by Gallen and Peile signals anything but a firm foundation for training junior doctors. 1 The first foundation year will essentially be an extension of undergraduate training, its doctors allowed only to observe medical practice.And doctors in foundation year 2 will be "career tourists," spending too little time in each specialty to be able to offer much service in return.Medical educationalists should realise that nurses and other paramedical groups are encroaching on traditional medical practice and do not seem to need the sort of extended training we demand of medical students.For example, a six week course apparently enables paramedics to administer safely almost all drugs used in emergency practice.By contrast we seem intent on postponing the time at which our bright and enthusiastic young doctors can start treating patients.Five years is quite long enough to learn the theory of medicine.After that, the sooner young doctors are allowed to start treating patients, in a supervised setting, the better.
Response of human coronary arteries to serotonin after injury by coronary angioplasty.
Authors: E P Mc Fadden, C Bauters, J M Lablanche, P Quandalle, F Leroy, M E Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic stenoses that have exaggerated vasomotor responses are especially prone to restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Experimental studies show that vasomotor responses in normal vessels are altered by acute mechanical injury, an alteration that in part reflects changes in the functional characteristics of endothelium that has regenerated after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined, by quantitative coronary arteriography, the response of dilated and control coronary segments to intracoronary infusions of graded doses of serotonin, an endothelium-dependent vasoactive agent, and to intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate, an endothelium-independent smooth muscle dilator in 15 patients who had undergone a single percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedure and who had no clinical features of variant angina. Dose-dependent constriction to serotonin occurred at all measured sites. The mean +/- SEM diameter reductions, expressed as percent reduction in baseline diameter that was observed at proximal (18.1 +/- 2.9, 18.8 +/- 2.2) and distal (30.9 +/- 4.4, 35.4 +/- 5.3) control sites in the dilated and nondilated vessels, respectively, at the highest dose, were similar. The degree of constriction in distal segments was significantly (P &lt; .01) greater than that in proximal segments. Total or subtotal occlusion occurred at the angioplasty site in 4 patients at the highest infused dose (10(-4) mol/L). The mean percent reduction in baseline diameter at previously dilated sites (53.8 +/- 5.9) at this dose was significantly (P &lt; .05) greater than that observed at the adjacent proximal control sites and similar to that observed at distal control sites. All segments dilated significantly after intracoronary injection of isosorbide dinitrate. CONCLUSIONS In dilated and nondilated vessels, serotonin caused significantly more marked constriction in distal than in proximal vessel segments. In dilated vessels, the vessel segments that had been subjected to angioplasty had a constrictor response to serotonin that was more marked than at adjacent proximal control sites and equivalent to that in the distal vessel segments. This enhanced constrictor response could be related to changes in endothelial cell function after regeneration or to hyperreactivity of smooth muscle cells at the angioplasty site.
Visualization of Lumbar Spine and Sacral Area by Dynamic Renal Scan
Authors: JAVIER BANZO, ENRIQUE PRATS, MARIA AB??S, RAFAEL GARCIA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Excellent visualization of the lumbar spine and sacral area following a dynamic renal scan is described in a patient with diffuse osteoblastic metastases due to prostate adenocarcinoma. This unusual finding may reflect massive hyperemia associated with the marrow elements, the bony matrix, or a combination of both.
Ugene, a Newly Identified Protein That Is Commonly Overexpressed in Cancer and Binds Uracil DNA Glycosylase
Authors: Chunguang Guo, Xiaodong Zhang, Stephen P. Fink, Petra Platzer, Keith Wilson, James K.V. Willson, Zhenghe Wang, Sanford D. Markowitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Expression microarrays identified a novel transcript, designated as Ugene, whose expression is absent in normal colon and colon adenomas, but that is commonly induced in malignant colon cancers. These findings were validated by real-time PCR and Northern blot analysis in an independent panel of colon cancer cases. In addition, Ugene expression was found to be elevated in many other common cancer types, including breast, lung, uterus, and ovary. Immunofluorescence of V5-tagged Ugene revealed it to have a nuclear localization. In a pull-down assay, uracil DNA glycosylase 2 (UNG2), an important enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, was identified as a partner protein that binds to Ugene. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis confirmed the binding between the endogenous Ugene and UNG2 proteins. Using deletion constructs, we find that Ugene binds to the first 25 amino acids of the UNG2 NH(2) terminus. We suggest that Ugene induction in cancer may contribute to the cancer phenotype by interacting with the BER pathway.
TCT-39 Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Real-World Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Receiving XIENCE V® Everolimus-Eluting Stents: Four-Year Results from the XIENCE V USA Study
Authors: Krishnankutty Sudhir, Vivian W. Mao, Sherry Cao, David Rutledge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Treatment for Barbiturate Intoxication
Authors: James P. Knochel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A communication in the Sept 21, 1963, issue ofThe Journal(<b>185</b>:936) by Drs. Myschetzky and Lassen reported the efficacy of alkalinization and osmotic diuresis for barbiturate coma. Their selection of patients whose blood barbiturate level was greater than 10 mg/100 ml may have biased the study, since levels are often much lower in deep coma induced by barbiturates having short or intermediate action. Likewise, to attribute shortened duration of coma to augmented renal elimination of the drug is not necessarily warranted. Acidosis potentiates the anesthetizing action of barbiturates, and, since respiratory acidosis occurs regularly in barbiturate coma, perhaps alkalinization per se was responsible for improvement of the treated group. The authors stated: "Only severe cases involving the relatively slowly eliminated barbiturates were accepted for treatment." This is misleading, since nearly one half of the treated patients ingested phenobarbital or barbital. Of all barbiturates, these are
A60: Optic Nerve and Retinal Features in Uveitis Associated With Juvenile Systemic Granulomatous Disease (Blau Syndrome)
Authors: Ester Carreno, Catherine M Guly, Michael Chilov, Annie Hinchcliffe, Juan Ignacio Aróstegui, Richard W Lee, Adrew D Dick, Athimalaipet V Ramanan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Juvenile systemic granulomatous disease (JSGD), also known as Blau syndrome, is a dominantly-inherited autoinflammatory disorder associated with gain-of-function mutations in the NOD2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with JSGD and uveitis have a specific ocular phenotype.



Methods:

Clinical and imaging data were collected retrospectively from patients attending the Regional Combined Paediatric Rheumatology and Ocular Inflammatory Service, Bristol Eye Hospital. General demographic information, laterality of the uveitis, age at onset, anatomical classification and course of the uveitis, clinical phenotype, and specific NOD2 mutation were recorded for each patient. All data were recorded in a database designed in Microsoft® Access®. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (Cary, NC).



Results:

Seventeen eyes from 9 patients (5 males; 4 females) were included in the study. Mean age at the disease onset was 15 months; range 1–84 months. Eight patients had bilateral uveitis. Anterior uveitis was present in five eyes, intermediate uveitis in 2 eyes and there were 10 eyes with panuveitis, manifesting as multifocal choroiditis. Appearance of optic disc included indistinct disc margins in 6 eyes, optic nerve head palor in 6 eyes and optic disc vessels sheathing in 4 eyes. Fundal appearance included peripapillary hypo/hyperpigmention in 13 eyes accompanied with characteristic peripapillary nodular excrescences. Among NOD2 mutations, the p.R334W was the most commonly detected (n: 4 cases) and three patients carried novel variants, the p.E338D and p.D390V variants in one patient, and the p.H520Y and p.Q809K variants in two different patients.



Conclusion:

Chronic bilateral panuveitis and a nodular peripapillary appearance in childhood onset uveitis are characteristic features of JSGD, which support the need for an appropriate genetic NOD2 analysis.
Childhood Dermatomyositis Associated with Hepatocarcinoma
Authors: C. Léaute-Labrèze, Y. Perel, A. Taïeb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The editorial "The Internet and the Journal " ( June 22 issue) 1 addresses the pros and cons of electronic "publishing" of articles on the Internet.You mentioned abstracts in passing, but the specter of electronic publishing of abstracts raises even more serious questions.Any flaws in the proposal for electronic publication of articles would be magnified enormously for electronic abstract publication.The selection process for abstracts already has demonstrable shortcomings.One study found that abstracts frequently were never published, and if they were it was only after a long interval.The number of citations of abstracts (a measure of interest in their content) was not a predictor of subsequent successful publication. 2Subsequent analyses have expanded these observations. 3Negative abstract results were published less often as papers, 4 and even when publication did result, long delays were common. 5 The electronic publication of data in an abstract, even when they are published later as an article, can lead to the acceptance of flawed or preliminary information by the medical community long before the data have been subjected to critical peer review.The risk of disseminating this unvalidated information is obvious.
The Epidemiology of Psychogenic Disorders and Consequences for Prevention
Authors: G. Reister, W. Tress, H. Schepank, R. Manz, B. Sollors-Mossler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

After discussing social issues of epidemiologic research on neurotic, character and psychosomatic disorders, we outline the main results of a field cohort study on 600 representative adults of Mannheim, a West German industrial city. According to ICD 300–307 (WHO 8th revision) and to a quantitative case definition clinically based on the severity of the symptoms we find an overall case rate of 26% in which females prevail over men by a ratio of approximately 2:1 and the rate of lower social class members over that of higher ones. We then turned to conclusions of our research for matters of primary and secondary prevention. Concerning primary prevention of psychogenic diseases life circumstances during childhood proved to be relevant as predisposing variables and risk factors often indicating poor emotional relationships between the child and its caretakers. Furthermore, we deal with protective factors preserving mental and physical health in spite of heavy burdens during childhood. Turning to secondary prevention we examine risk factors in present life, the importance of the lay system, and the influence of life events as well as the true demand for psychotherapy.
653 HISTOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF ACTIVE LIVER INJURY IN HBEAG-POSITIVE AND HBEAG-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH NORMAL OR MINIMALLY ELEVATED ALANINE TRANSAMINASE
Authors: K.-Q. Hu, E.R. Schiff, K.V. Kowdley, A. Min, M.L. Schiffman, W.M. Lee, Z.D. Goodman, L.O. Dau, K.J. Peschell, J.F. Flaherty
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Treating Hypertension in the Elderly
Authors: Sarah D. Berry, Douglas P. Kiel
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

pertensive medication use may be associated with injurious falls in the elderly. In a study reported in this issue, Tinetti et al 1 examined the association between antihypertensive medication use and serious injurious falls in a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The mean age of participants in this study was 80 years. At baseline, 85.9% of the 4961 participants received at least 1 antihypertensive medication. Nine percent of participants experienced a serious injurious fall during 3 years of follow-up. In the primary analysis, exposure to moderate or high doses of any antihypertensive medication was associated with a 30% to 40% increased risk of injurious falls compared with no antihypertensive medication use. The association between antihypertensive medication use and injurious falls was stronger in participants with a
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GYNECOLOGY.The President's Address, Delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Gynecological Society of Boston, January 14, 1892.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The ancients seem to have acquired much knowledge relative to the treatment of diseases peculiar to women. The early Greek physicians recognized the nature and importance of prolapsus uteri as well as many of the disturbing factors of menstruation. Mention in their writings is made of a fluor albus. The Greeks devoted much time to the consideration of what so long had been denominated "ulceration of the uterus." They speculated much on what should be the dimensions and position of the normal uterus; they understood, to a considerable extent, many of the more serious forms of dystocia. Their ideas of the various forms of uterine version were not unworthy of their genius. Many forms of malignant disease were observed by them. Some of the causes of sterility appear in their writings. Prominent among these, was the preternatural contraction of the uterine canal. Some forms of periuterine and pelvic abscess were
Long-Term Survival After Mitral Valve Replacement in Children Aged &lt;5 Years
Authors: Christopher A. Caldarone, Geetha Raghuveer, Christine B. Hills, Dianne L. Atkins, Trudy L. Burns, Douglas M. Behrendt, James H. Moller
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Short- and long-term outcomes after prosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children aged <5 years are ill-defined and generally perceived as poor. The experience of the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (45 centers, 1982 to 1999) was reviewed.MVR was performed 176 times on 139 patients. Median follow-up was 6.2 years (range 0 to 20 years, 96% complete). Age at initial MVR was 1.9+/-1.4 years. Complications after initial MVR included heart block requiring pacemaker (16%), endocarditis (6%), thrombosis (3%), and stroke (2%). Patient survival was as follows: 1 year, 79%; 5 years, 75%; and 10 years, 74%. The majority of deaths occurred early after initial MVR, with little late attrition despite repeat MVR and chronic anticoagulation. Among survivors, the 5-year freedom from reoperation was 81%. Age-adjusted multivariable predictors of death include the presence of complete atrioventricular canal (hazard ratio 4.76, 95% CI 1.59 to 14.30), Shone's syndrome (hazard ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.14 to 11.89), and increased ratio of prosthetic valve size to patient weight (relative risk 1.77 per mm/kg increment, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.97). Age- and diagnosis-adjusted prosthetic size/weight ratios predicted a 1-year survival of 91% for size/weight ratio 2, 79% for size/weight ratio 3, 61% for size/weight ratio 4, and 37% for size/weight ratio 5.Early mortality after MVR can be predicted on the basis of diagnosis and the size/weight ratio. Late mortality is low. These data can assist in choosing between MVR and alternative palliative strategies.
Is auto-servoventilation unnecessary in patients with heart failure and apnoea?
Authors: Dany Jaffuel, Nicolas Combes, Nicolas Molinari, Philippe Berdagué, Samir Jaber
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Recently, using the expensive and time-consuming ELISA method, HERESI et al. [10] have shown that plasma IL-6 concentrations .4.7 pg?mL -1 provide incremental prognostic information in PAH, with valid concentrations above the theoretical sensitivity (LLOD 0.7 pg?mL -1 ).Similarly, using MSD multiplex technology, SOON et al. [2] showed that serum IL-6 was also associated with survival in PAH patients, with concentrations (19.87¡7.45pg?mL -1 ) above the sensitivity (LLOQ 1.58 pg?mL -1 ), making such a cytokine very promising for the prognosis of PAH.In conclusion, multiplex analysis provides much information from a single biological sample, and is therefore popular and more frequently used in PAH studies.However, cytokine concentrations are low and often close to the sensitivity of the assay, depending on the multiplex assays.This currently prevents the routine clinical use of such biomarkers, and should encourage clinicians to take advantage of the biochemists' analytic experience.Sensitivity must be considered for cytokines when using multiplex technology in PAH-related clinical studies http://ow.ly/tAT9l
THE INTRARENAL PRESSURE
Authors: A. V. Montgomery, John C. Davis, J. M. Prine, H. G. Swann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

1. The intrarenal pressure of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital averages 26 mm. Hg, and ranges from 10 to 58 mm.; that of decerebrate dogs is 25 mm., and that of unanesthetized dogs with explanted kidneys is 25 mm. Tests of a few cats and rabbits indicate that their intrarenal pressure has about the same magnitude. 2. There is a slight positive correlation between intrarenal pressure and both body weight and kidney weight, but intrarenal pressure is not related to sex, blood pressure, or age.
Evaluation of Routine ECG Screening of an Outpatient Population With Computer Diagnoses
Authors: Arnold Fieldman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A study was performed at the Hartford Hospital to determine the value of routine screening electrocardiography in an outpatient population. Screening electrocardiograms were abnormal in 1,197 of 2,924 cases (40.9%). Dependence upon physician request or upon a positive response to a cardiovascular questionnaire resulted in the exclusion of almost one half of presumably unsuspected abnormalities. In a few clinics, the screening yield of abnormality approached the yield resulting from ECGs requested by physicians. In others, in the face of a virtual lack of requested ECGs, there was a significant frequency of screening abnormalities. Screening electrocardiography produced a yield of abnormality sufficient for it to be recommended as a regular hospital procedure. Interpretation of ECGs and compilation of statistical data were performed by automated methods, with the use of computer analysis.
Family Planning and Population Programs: A Review of World Developments
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This volume consists of a collection of 61 papers presented at the International Conference on Family Planning Programs held in Geneva, Switzerland in August 1965. The conference, sponsored by the Ford Foundation and the Population Council, attracted experts from around the world to discuss problems of population control. Included are papers by physicians, public health workers, demographers, economists, educators, sociologists, and behavioral scientists. The topics covered are divided into several main groupings: national programs of population control, organization and administration of programs, contraceptive methods, and research and evaluation. Contraceptive technology has now achieved such a degree of so
Interleukin-7 Inhibits Tumor-Induced CD27−CD28− Suppressor T Cells: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yue Zhang, Lukas W. Pfannenstiel, Elzbieta Bolesta, Carolina L. Montes, Xiaoyu Zhang, Andrei I. Chapoval, Ronald B. Gartenhaus, Scott E. Strome, Brian R. Gastman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

We have previously reported that many types of tumors can induce changes in human T cells that lead to the acquisition of suppressive function and phenotypic alterations resembling those found in senescent T cells. In the present study, we find a role for interleukin 7 (IL-7) in protecting T cells from these changes and further define involved signaling pathways.We evaluated the ability of IL-7 treatment to prevent the gain of suppressive function and phenotypic alterations in human T cells after a short coculture with tumor cells in vitro. We then used inhibitors of components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway and short interfering RNA knockdown of Mcl-1 and Bim to evaluate the role of these signaling pathways in IL-7 protection.We found that IL-7 inhibits CD27/CD28 loss and maintains proliferative capacity, IL-2 production, and reduced suppressive function. The protective ability of IL-7 depended on activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, which inhibited activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which, in turn, prevented the phosphorylation and loss of Mcl-1. We further showed a key role for Mcl-1 in that its knockdown or inhibition abrogated the effects of IL-7. In addition, knockdown of the Mcl-1 binding partner and proapoptotic protein Bim protected T cells from these dysfunctional alterations.These observations confirm the role for Bcl-2 family members in cytokine signaling and suggest that IL-7 treatment in combination with other immunotherapies could lead to new clinical strategies to maintain normal T-cell function and reduce tumor-induced generation of dysfunctional and suppressor T cells.