tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Cholesterol Distribution and Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Authors: Pekka Jousilahti, Erkki Vartiainen, Juha Pekkanen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jouko Sundvall, Pekka Puska
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The purpose of the present study was to assess the implications of cholesterol distribution and its change on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and disease prevention at a population level.In five independent risk factor surveys (1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, and 1992) in eastern Finland, serum cholesterol was measured in 27721 randomly selected men and women aged 30 to 59 years. The association between cholesterol level and CHD risk and the prediction of the effect of different prevention strategies was estimated by use of logistic regression models. The entire cholesterol distribution of the population shifted markedly toward lower levels between 1972 and 1992. The proportion of subjects with a very high cholesterol level (> or =8.0 mmol/L), also decreased markedly, from 16% to 3%. The risk of CHD death among subjects with cholesterol > or =8.0 mmol/L was approximately 5-fold that of those individuals having cholesterol <5.0 mmol/L. Nevertheless, because CHD risk increases continuously as serum cholesterol increases, and because the number of people having only slightly or moderately increased serum cholesterol was large, most CHD deaths occurred among them. A 10% reduction in cholesterol levels in the entire population would subsequently reduce CHD mortality by 20%, as much as an effective treatment as a 25% decrease in serum cholesterol among all subjects with cholesterol >6.5 mmol/L and four times more than similar treatment of all subjects with cholesterol > or =8.0 mmol/L.The community-based population strategy in cardiovascular disease prevention was effective in decreasing cholesterol levels among the entire population, including the subjects with the highest cholesterol values. The balanced application of both high-risk and population strategies is needed for the effective prevention of CHD.
Benign Disorders and Diseases of the Breast: Concepts and Clinical Management
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Because the specter of carcinoma of the breast has cast such a long shadow over our land, indeed over the entire Western Hemisphere, we have been inundated with such a spate of books and articles in the medical and lay press and other media that we have lost sight of the fact that the vast majority of complaints and disorders related to the breast are actually benign in nature. So it is with great pleasure that I suggest you look carefully at a slim tome that addresses itself entirely to benign disorders and diseases of the breast. It is a thoughtfully planned book that appropriately includes the embryology, gross and microscopic anatomy, and physiology of the breast so that one may better understand what the authors refer to as "ANDI"—aberrations of normal development and involution. How else can one understand its disorders? It is on this basis that they properly
TCT@ACC–i2: Invasive and Interventional Cardiology ADDITIONAL SIDE BRANCH STENT PLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH LONG SIDE BRANCH LESIONS TREATED WITH A DEDICATED TRYTON SIDE BRANCH STENT
Authors: Maik J. Grundeken, Solomon Asgedom, Peter Damman, Maciej Lesiak, Michael S. Norell, Eulogio Garcia, Armando Bethencourt, Pier Woudstra, Karel T. Koch, Marije M. Vis, Jose P. Henriques, Yoshinobu Onuma, David Foley, Antonio Bartorelli, Jan Tijssen, Pieter Stella, Robbert J. de Winter, Joanna Wykrzykowska
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Nonhealing leg ulcers: A manifestation of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tania J. Phillips, Salah M. Salman, Gary S. Rogers
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

Seven patients with basal cell carcinomas presenting as nonhealing ulcers are reported. The importance of considering malignancy and taking biopsy specimens of leg ulcers that fail to respond to treatment is emphasized. Seven patients with basal cell carcinomas presenting as nonhealing ulcers are reported. The importance of considering malignancy and taking biopsy specimens of leg ulcers that fail to respond to treatment is emphasized.
The Lung Scan Appearance of a "Coughed-Up" Endobronchial Tumor
Authors: PAUL J. ROACH, ROBERT A. COOPER, NORBERT BEREND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A case of obstruction of the left main bronchus detected by a ventilation-perfusion lung scan is presented. This occurred following bronchoscopic biopsy of a lung tumor. Repeat bronchoscopy the following morning showed that the mobile endobronchial tumor seen 2 days earlier had disappeared leaving only a small ulcer. Presumably the tumor had been coughed up—a rare occurrence for lung tumors.
Effect of ventilator-associated pneumonia on mortality and morbidity.
Authors: L Papazian, F Bregeon, X Thirion, R Gregoire, P Saux, J P Denis, G Perin, J Charrel, J F Dumon, J P Affray, F Gouin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the attributable mortality and excess intensive care unit (ICU) stay as linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a medical-surgical ICU. We performed a matched cohort study. The diagnosis of VAP was established when clinical, biologic, and radiologic signs of VAP were associated with the presence of at least one microorganism at a concentration > or = 10(3) CFU/ml on the protected specimen brush sample. Each case patient with VAP was matched to one control patient on the basis of the following potential confounding factors: same diagnosis and same indication for mechanical ventilation, same age +/-5 yr, same sex, same APACHE II score +/-5 on admission. In addition, control patients had to be ventilated for at least as long as the case patient prior to the onset of VAP, and date of admission of the case and control patients had to be matched within 1 yr. In 85 of the 97 patients with VAP, we were able to match one case patient with one control patient. Mortality was similar in both case (40%) and control (38.8%) patients. The duration of mechanical ventilation was increased in survivor case patients (27.2 +/- 24.7 d) compared with survivor control patients (18.5 +/- 15.7 d) (p < 0.01). The duration of hospitalization in ICU was increased in survivor case patients (34.9 +/- 23.6 d) compared with survivor control patients (26.1 +/- 18.6 d) (p < 0.02). When confounding factors were controlled, VAP did not appear to increase mortality.
BCL-2 expression or antioxidants prevent hyperglycemia-induced formation of intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in bovine endothelial cells.
Authors: I Giardino, D Edelstein, M Brownlee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Hyperglycemia rapidly induces an increase in intracellular advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bovine endothelial cells, causing an alteration in bFGF activity (Giardino, I., D. Edelstein, and M. Brownlee. 1994. J. Clin. Invest. 94:110-117). Because sugar or sugar-adduct autoxidation is critical for AGE formation in vitro, we evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intracellular AGE formation, using bovine aortic endothelial cells. 30 mM glucose increased intracellular ROS formation by 250% and lipid peroxidation by 330%, while not affecting ROS in the media. In cells depleted of glutathione, intracellular AGE accumulation increased linearly with ROS generation as measured by immunoblotting and the fluorescent probe DCFH (AGE 0.258-3.531 AU* mm/5x10(4) cells, DCF 57-149 mean AU, r = .998, P < .002). Deferoxamine, alpha-tocopherol, and dimethylsulfoxide each inhibited hyperglycemia-induced formation of both ROS and AGE. To differentiate an effect of ROS generation on AGE formation from an effect of more distal oxidative processes, GM7373 endothelial cell lines were generated that stably expressed the peroxidation-suppressing proto-oncogene bcl-2. bcl-2 had no effect on hyperglycemia-induced intracellular ROS formation. In contrast, bcl-2 expression decreased both lipid peroxidation (100% at 3 h and 29% at 168 h) and AGE formation (55% at 168 h). These data show that a ROS-dependent process plays a central role in the generation of intracellular AGEs, and that inhibition of oxidant pathways prevents intracellular AGE formation.
Prolonged survival in poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma following front-line treatment with rituximab-supplemented, early-intensified chemotherapy with multiple autologous hematopoietic stem cell support: a multicenter study by GITIL (Gruppo Italiano Terapie Innovative nei Linfomi)
Authors: C Tarella, M Zanni, M Di Nicola, C Patti, R Calvi, A Pescarollo, V Zoli, A Fornari, D Novero, A Cabras, M Stella, A Comino, D Remotti, M Ponzoni, D Caracciolo, M Ladetto, M Magni, L Devizzi, R Rosato, M Boccadoro, M Bregni, P Corradini, A Gallamini, I Majolino, S Mirto, A M Gianni
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Power, sex, suicide Mitochondria and the meaning of life
Authors: E. A. Schon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

To the typical reader of the JCI, the word mitochondria likely evokes a Pavlovian response remembered vaguely from biochemistry class: they are “the powerhouses of the cell.” However, as implied by the title of this most thought-provoking book, Nick Lane goes to great lengths to remind us that they are much more than that.
Lessons for the NHS from Kaiser Permanente
Authors: J. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ownership and integration are the key 

Kaiser Permanente is a healthcare organisation providing managed care to 8.2 million Americans. It is widely admired for doing this in a cost effective way that is valued by both its members and its clinicians and has been closely studied over the past few years as researchers have tried to understand how it works and why it is so successful. Last year a paper by Feachem et al in the BMJ , which compared Kaiser and the NHS, provoked a sharp debate by implying that Kaiser achieved better outcomes for similar inputs.1 Now a study by Ham et al, reported in this week's BMJ , this time looking at lengths of stay in hospital (p 1257),2 has produced similar conclusions. It is time to summarise the key lessons that can be learnt from Kaiser Permanente and to consider their relevance for the NHS.

Kaiser Permanente is essentially a closed system that offers little distinction …
829-5 Primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction with distal protection of the microcirculation: Principal results from the prospective, randomized EMERALD trial
Authors: Gregg W Stone, John Webb, David A Cox, Bruce R Brodie, Mansoor Qureshi, Daniel Dulas, Anna Kalynych, Mark Turco, Heinz P Schultheiss, Barry Rutherford, Mitch Kruckoff, Raymond Gibbons, Alexandra J Lansky, Ramona Pop, Roxana Mehran, Denise Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Discordance of Sclerosing Skeletal Secondaries Between Sequential Scintigraphy and Radiographs
Authors: ROBERT S. HELLMAN, MICHAEL A. WILSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Regression in metastatic lesions as seen on a bone scan may be accompanied by increasing sclerosis radiographically. There are two possible causes for interval radiographic sclerosis: progressive osteoblastic tumor deposition or the healing process itself. The presence of active neoplasia can better be determined in sclerotic lesions by the bone scan which demonstrates the tumor-induced new bone formation, as compared to radiographs which show the more unpredictable results of new bone formation plus the reparative process. Two cases are presented to illustrate the importance of bone scanning in determining whether sclerosis indicates disease progression or regression.
Mary Ross Kerr
Authors: N. H Smith, W D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody was undetectable in 26/153 (17%) sera from myasthenia gravis patients assayed by standard RIA using human acetylcholine receptor. Eight of these were found to be positive with a modified protocol using a mixture of normal and denervated AChR, reducing the proportion of "negative" sera to 12%. Many of these were from patients with a short history; two such patients later developed low positive values. Anti-AChR without clinical evidence of myasthenia was found in one of three monozygotic twins of myasthenia gravis patients, and in one of thirty other first degree relatives of a further 17 patients. Anti-AChR is a valuable and highly specific diagnostic test which, with the assay used here, is positive in about 88% of patients with clinical features of myasthenia gravis.
New mental health bill is tabled in the Indian parliament
Authors: M. Chaudhuri
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new mental health bill has been tabled in the Indian parliament by the health minister, Ghulam Nabi Azad, and it is expected to be passed during the current session.

The Mental Health Care Bill 2013 seeks to protect, promote, and fulfil the rights of people with mental illness and ensure the availability of high quality services, but some initial hurdles delayed the process. 

For instance, the original draft of the bill did not decriminalise suicide. It said that people who attempted suicide should be treated as mentally ill, but it nevertheless allowed suicide to remain a criminal offence. However, the parliamentary standing committee raised objections, stating that this would stigmatise such people.

The committee advised the health ministry to define people who attempted suicide as …
Clinical Primer of Rheumatology
Authors: Sallyann M. Bowman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 October 2003Clinical Primer of RheumatologySallyann M. Bowman, MDSallyann M. Bowman, MDFrom University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Koopman WJ, Boulware DW, and Heudebert GR, eds. 393 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. $39.95. ISBN 0683306480. Order phone 800-638-3030.Field of medicine: Rheumatology, internal medicine, family medicine, and rehabilitation.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care clinicians and those evaluating patients with first presentation of musculoskeletal symptoms.Purpose: To provide a concise, accessible reference on advances in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and associated conditions.Content: Part 1 is dedicated to the evaluation of patients with rheumatic disorders; part 2 describes an approach to diagnosis based on regional symptom presentation; parts 3 through 5 discuss specific rheumatic ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 8Page: 710KeywordsOsteoarthritisPatientsPrimary care physiciansRehabilitation medicineResearch laboratoriesRheumatic feverRheumatologySoftware toolsTemporomandibular jointTreatment guidelines ePublished: 21 October 2003 Issue Published: 21 October 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Childhood Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Miliary Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Josephina C.J. Vermeer-Mens, Natascha N.T. Goemaere, Vibeke Kuenen-Boumeester, Sabine M.P.F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, Christian M. Zwaan, Annick S. Devos, Ronald R. de Krijger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

A 10-year-old boy, complaining of fatigue, presented with multiple bilaterally enlarged neck lymph nodes. Chest x-ray revealed multiple small nodules in the lung, which was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) analysis. Because of clinical suspicion of miliary tuberculosis, a bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. [...]
Intensive Care: How Congress Shapes Health Policy
Authors: William J. Bicknell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Intensive Care</i>is an outstanding book. It is "the final product of the Renewing Congress project, a joint effort of the American Enterprise Institute and the Brookings Institution." Mann and Ornstein have carefully assembled eight elegant, lucid, and readable essays that provide the reader with a clear understanding of the congressional policymaking process in health: its complexity, what works, what doesn't, and why. It is rare to find a book that says so much so well about such an important topic and makes pragmatic, easy-to-understand recommendations for improving a flawed process. The title may be too narrow, as it suggests the audience is only those interested in health and health policy. Although health policymaking—its weaknesses and options for improvement—is the theme, anyone interested in better understanding the federal process of policymaking and the role of Congress in this process will find<i>Intensive Care</i>a highly readable case study approach
Biopsy of Occult Breast Lesions
Authors: Jack E. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

From January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1988, roentgenographically guided biopsies of 1261 occult breast abnormalities were performed. There were 626 (49.6%) masses and 635 (50.4%) lesions with calcification as the dominant feature. Of the total, 237 (18.8%) were found to be malignant, including 85 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ. Biopsies performed for a mass yielded a 20.8% (130/626) incidence of cancer; and for calcification, 16.9% (107/635). The biopsy results were supported by the interpretations of four radiologists (J.E.M., P.C.S., and M.R.S.) who were practicing at Brigham and Women's Hospital in 22.2% of the total (280), whereas the remaining 981 lesions were discovered on mammograms that were performed and interpretated elsewhere and were referred to our hospital for surgical consultation. The biopsy results of the mammograms from other facilities yielded a positive predictive value of 16.7% (164/981) vs 26.1% (73/280) for the Brigham and Women's Hospital group. This statistically significant difference lends support to the value of a second opinion in patients with biopsy recommendations for occult breast lesions, especially when findings are inconclusive. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2341-2343)
Impact of asynchronous ventricular activation sequence on cytokine activation and oxidative stress in paced patients
Authors: Mary E. Marketou, Emmanuel N. Simantirakis, Dragana Nikitovic, Stavros I. Chrysostomakis, Konstantinos E. Vardakis, Nick C. Klapsinos, Panos E. Vardas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Bullous Lesions and Renal Failure
Authors: JOHN N. BURRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Bullous Lesions and Renal FailureJOHN N. BURRY, M.R.C.P. (E), F.A.C.D., JAMES R. LAWRENCE, F.R.A.C.P.JOHN N. BURRY, M.R.C.P. (E), F.A.C.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES R. LAWRENCE, F.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-493 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The October 1975 issue has just arrived in South Australia. We have noted, in patients suffering from chronic renal failure, bullous eruptions very similar to those described by Gilchrest, Rowe, and Mihm in their article, "Bullous Dermatosis of Hemodialysis" (Ann Intern Med83:480-483, 1975). These are described in an article, "Phototoxic Blistering from High Frusemide Dosage," to be published in theBritish Journal of Dermatology. Hemodialysis was not being used at the time the blisters appeared in the five patients whom we described. The blistering which occurred on exposed areas only resembled the blistering that occurs in...Reference1. GILCHRESTROWEMIHM BJM: Bullous dermatosis of hemodialysis. Ann Intern Med 83:480-483, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Dermatology and Renal Unit The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPHOTOSENSITIVE BULLOUS ERUPTION ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILUREDiuretic drugs 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 493-494KeywordsBlistersDermatologyRenal failureSkin diseases Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Immune cell-derived microparticles in polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Authors: Z Baka, L Senolt, J Vencovsky, H Mann, P Sebestyen Simon, A Kittel, E Buzas, G Nagy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

diseased individuals.Electron microscopy revealed slightly different microparticles in the samples of patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis.These results suggest that immune cell-derived microparticles may contribute to the infl ammatory process in polymyositis/dermatomyositis; however, CK-positive, possibly muscle-derived microparticles do not seem to be present in the blood of patients with polymyositis/ dermatomyositis.10.
Survival in relation to lung function and smoking cessation in patients with severe hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Authors: N Seersholm, A Kok-Jensen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

For patients with COPD, FEV1 has been shown to be the single most important factor to influence survival. Patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha 1ATD) develop emphysema at a young age, especially if they smoke, and the purpose of this study was to calculate survival with respect to the initial FEV1 and smoking history. For this study, patients with Pi-type ZZ were analyzed. FEV1 was divided in four groups: below 25%, 25 to 49%, 50 to 74%, and more than 75% of predicted. A total of 347 patients with 107 deaths were available for analysis. Three patients were lost to follow-up, and 17 had received a lung transplant. There was no significant difference in survival between males and females. The median survival time for patients with an initial FEV1 below 25% was 6.3 yr (95% CI 5.2-8.0). For the FEV1 groups 25 to 49% and 50 to 74%, median survival times were: 10.5 (9.2-11.9) and 14.2 (12.4-infinity) yr, respectively. The median survival for the above 75% group was not calculable. For patients with an initial FEV1 less than 50%, smokers had a poorer survival rate than patients who quit smoking during the study period (p < 0.01). We conclude that for patients with severe alpha 1ATD, FEV1 is a very strong predictor of survival regardless of sex. Patients who quit smoking had a better survival rate than patients who continued to smoke.
The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: N. Sommer, P.-A. Löschmann, G.H. Northoff, M. Weller, A. Steinbrecher, J.P. Steinbach, R. Lichtenfels, R. Meyermann, A. Riethmüller, A. Fontana, J. Dichgans, R. Martin
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
HIV Counseling and Testing of Pregnant Women
Authors: Kathryn A. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all pregnant women and women of childbearing age be counseled and encouraged to be voluntarily tested for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),<sup>1</sup>and California legally requires physicians to offer voluntary testing to all pregnant women.<sup>2</sup>Furthermore, the US Senate and House recently agreed on a bill that could require states to demonstrate that 95% of pregnant women get tested in order to receive Ryan White funds.<sup>3</sup> The debate over whether testing should be mandatory, routine without explicit consent, or voluntary makes it important to assess physicians' beliefs about these policies and whether guidelines are being followed. We conducted a survey to examine physicians' self-reported beliefs and practices about HIV testing (n=121). Herein we report results concerning HIV testing of pregnant women, using a subsample of physicians who provide care for pregnant women (n=61). We