tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fungal pyrrolidine-containing metabolites inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity in bone morphogenetic protein-stimulated myoblastoma cells
Authors: Takashi Fukuda, Ryuji Uchida, Hiroyo Inoue, Satoshi Ohte, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Daisuke Matsuda, Takenobu Katagiri, Hiroshi Tomoda
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification in muscle tissues. A constitutively activated mutation of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor, ALK2, has been identified in patients with FOP. We report here that four structurally related compounds, lucilactaene, hydroxylucilactaene, NG-391 and NG-393, produced by fungal strain Fusarium sp. B88, inhibit BMP signaling in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker enzyme of osteoblastic differentiation, was decreased in C2C12 myoblasts stably expressing mutant ALK2 by treatment with those compounds with IC50 values of 5.7, 6.8, 6.9 and 6.1 μM, respectively. Furthermore, NG-391 and NG-393 inhibited BMP-specific luciferase reporter activity, which is directly regulated by transcription factor Smads, with IC50 values of 1.4 and 2.1 μM, respectively. These findings suggest that these fungal metabolites may provide a new direction in the development of FOP therapeutics.
Points from Letters: Breast-feeding
Authors: H. B. Valman
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Lung Cancer and Smoking SIR,-It seems that cigarette smokers adjust the number of cigarettes smokzd to obtain a predetermined dose of nicotine (Dr.M. A. H. Russell and others, 1 December, p. 512).Would it not be much safer (no tar), and much cleaner for non-smokers in the vicinity, to market nicotine inhalers, similar to those used by asthmatics?The price of these could be adjusted so that the Govern- ment need not lose revenue.The nicotine addicts would presumably not be at risk from bronchogenic carcinoma and chronic bronchitis, and there would be no carbon monoxide to contribute to atheroma forma- tion.-Iam, etc.,
Confusion surrounds UK policy on open access publishing, review finds
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Research Councils UK has failed to dispel the “confusion” over its policy on open access, nearly two years since its launch, an independent review has found.

The policy, launched in April 2013, allows for two “gold” and “green” open access routes to reports of publicly funded research, although the gold route is stated as a “clear preference.”

The review, published on 26 March, found that the policy was creating a “two tier system,” with those favouring the green model “following a perceived inferior route.”1 “The council’s preference for gold has therefore been at times seen as a barrier to implementation and ‘buy-in’ from various communities across the disciplines,” the review said.

The gold model, which reflects government policy,2 involves immediate, unrestricted, online access to peer reviewed …
Wilms's Tumor in Three Children of a Woman with Congenital Hemihypertrophy
Authors: Anna T. Meadows, J. Leonard Lichtenfeld, C. Everett Koop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

NONE of the pediatric neoplasms demonstrate more strikingly than Wilms's tumor the relation between teratogenesis and oncogenesis.1 Congenital anomalies more frequently found in children with this tumor include aniridia, visceral cytomegaly, hamartomas, genitourinary-tract anomalies and hemihypertrophy.2 3 4 5 Certain elements of these tumor-malformation syndromes may be distributed among several members of a family rather than being concentrated in a single one. Indeed, this may well be the explanation in the family described below, in which the mother had congenital hemihypertrophy, three of her children had Wilms's tumor, and a fourth had a urinary-tract anomaly.Case ReportsCase 1. The first of the . . .
Reduction of Absorption of Paracetamol by Activated Charcoal and Cholestyramine: A Possible Therapeutic Measure
Authors: B. Dordoni, R. A. Willson, R. P. H. Thompson, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The absorption of an oral 2-g dose of paracetamol was markedly reduced by the simultaneous oral administration of either activated charcoal or cholestyramine but was only slightly reduced when the adsorbents were given 60 minutes after the paracetamol. Since the absorption of a larger dose of the drug will probably be slow, the administration of adsorbents may be of value even when delayed several hours.
Nitrite studies in oesophageal cancer.
Authors: A B Lowenfels, A J Tuyns, E A Walker, A Roussel
Journal: Gut (1978)

As nitrate consumption may have considerable importance for the in vivo formation of nitrites and potentially carcinogenic N-Nitroso compounds, we have studied salivary nitrite levels in patients with oesophageal cancer and adult volunteers before and after administering 100 ml beet juice containing 160 mg nitrate. Initial salivary nitrite levels were slightly lower in the cancer patients, perhaps because of previous malnutrition. In both groups there was a marked increase in salivary nitrite levels 90 minutes after ingesting beet juice and the attained levels in the two groups were similar. The results imply that formation of salivary nitrite is highly dependent on exogenous dietary nitrate and that there is no difference in the capacity to form nitrites between oesophageal cancer patients and healthy adult subjects.
Improving Long-term Psychiatric Care
Authors: Dominic A. Sisti, Andrea G. Segal, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autoimmune hemolytic anemias and IgG antierythrocyte autoantibodies in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: association with FcγRIIa polymorphism
Authors: S Poulain, I Dervite, X Leleu, J Fernandes, L Stalnikiewicz, A-S Moreau, V Coiteux, S de Botton, P Duthilleul, P Morel
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Treatment of opium addiction.
Authors: C L Anand
Journal: BMJ (1971)

BRmTIsH MEDICAL JOuRNAL 1 sEPTEMBER 1971 applicable, cheap, harmless, and rapidly executed even by persons with very little medical training.If, as is hoped, the test proves to be an efficient screening method I feel it would be logical to introduce it on a much wider scale.Cystic fibrosis is more common than phenylketonuria and screening for this is certainly more expensive in time and money than the method described for cystic fibrosis.-Iam, etc.,
Methemoglobinemia Induced by Topical Benzocaine: A Warning for the Endoscopist
Authors: H. Y. Abdallah, S. A. Shah
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Benzocaine is used routinely for topical pharyngeal anesthesia prior to upper endoscopy, to improve patient tolerance. A potentially fatal, although often unrecognized, complication of benzocaine use is methemoglobinemia. Here, we report a case of methemoglobinemia induced by benzocaine given before upper endoscopy. Rapid recognition of this complication and immediate treatment is essential to prevent complications related to significant tissue hypoxia. This case serves as an important reminder to physicians, especially endoscopists, about this serious side effect. Furthermore, we question the need for topical anesthesia for upper endoscopy in sedated patients.
Abstract 2298: BP1 upregulates Twist, a trigger of EMT and cancer metastasis
Authors: Patricia E. Berg, Bin-Jin Hwang, Jinguen Rheey
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BP1 Upregulates Twist, a Trigger of EMT and Cancer Metastasis Bin-Jin Hwang, Jinguen Rheey, and Patricia E. Berg George Washington University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Washington, D.C. Background. We have cloned a gene, BP1, which is a member of the homeobox gene family of transcription factors. Increasing evidence suggests that homeobox genes are important in malignant transformation and tumorigenesis, and our recent studies have shown that BP1 may play a role in breast cancer cell survival, aggressiveness and metastasis. BP1 protein (pBP1) is expressed in 80% of invasive ductal breast tumors, and is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness: 100% of estrogen receptor negative tumors and 89% of the tumors of African American women are BP1 positive. Now we have evidence that BP1 may regulate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT, a process in which cancer cells lose their epithelial features and gain mesenchymal markers, enables tumor cells to become more invasive and migratory, and can lead to metastasis. BP1 upregulates Twist, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor which triggers EMT. Our objective is to determine whether BP1 plays a role in induction of EMT. Materials and Methods. The expression levels of Twist, E-cadherin and vimentin were observed on microarrays after probing with RNA from MCF-7 cell lines overexpressing BP1. RNA levels were verified by real-time PCR and protein levels by Western blotting and, in some cases, by confocal microscopy. Summary. Twist mRNA expression on microarrays is higher in MCF-7 cells overexpressing BP1 compared with cells containing an empty vector. Real-time PCR confirmed that Twist mRNA is increased five-fold in cells with high levels of BP1, and Western blots demonstrated that Twist protein is also elevated in the same cells. We have discovered a potential DNA binding site for pBP1 in the Twist promoter, suggesting that BP1 may directly regulate Twist. This will be verified by ChIP. Expression of two genes regulated by Twist was also examined: Twist activates vimentin and represses E-cadherin. Cells overexpressing pBP1 also show increased vimentin and decreased E-cadherin. The effect of increased pBP1 on cell migration is under investigation. Conclusions: BP1 stimulates Twist expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, resulting in increased vimentin and decreased E-cadherin levels. We therefore hypothesize that BP1 is upstream of Twist and induces EMT. If BP1 is required for EMT, it may be a good target for therapy of metastatic tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2298.
Medical Caricatures—Oriental vs Occidental Art
Authors: Roy J. Popkin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  In a lengthy period of collecting medical caricatures, I have observed the total absence of this genre in the medical and allied professions in Oriental art and the widespread appearance of caricatures—even vicious in character— relative to anything medical in Occidental art.  Photographs, paintings, drawings, sculptures, etchings, lithographs, and other methods of illustration depict the social, political, and other life of a period. A favorite and often-used device in the Occidental culture is the caricature. The entire medical field is often the prime target. This is especially true in the cultures of Europe and the United States. In fact, caricaturizing the physician has always been a popular sport.  A caricature is an exaggeration by means of ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics. The distortion is often so extreme as to be vicious. In practically every drawing of a physician, one English artist placed a small skeleton in
The Motorcycle Diaries
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Directed by Walter Salles UK release date: 27 August 2004 US release date: 24 September 2004 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> M edicine is often a mix of disillusionment and conflicting ideologies, misplaced respect and status, friendship and solidarity. These are values that surprisingly play a central theme in The Motorcycle Diaries , a film about a young Che Guevara and his friend Alberto Granado. Guevara's iconic status as a revolutionary is immortalised in Alberto Corda's famous photograph, ironically used as a money spinning machine to adorn posters, T shirts, and mugs. But perhaps what is less well known is that Ernesto “Che” Guevara was a doctor, whose political future was shaped by a journey through South America as a medical student with Granado. Their adventure is detailed in this inspirational film based on Guevara's diary (published as a book of the same name), two years' extensive research, and first hand accounts from Granado. The journey starts in Buenos Aires in 1952 when Granado (played by Rodrigo de la Serna), a hospital biochemist with a special interest in leprosy, invites Guevara (Gael García Bernal), an upper middle class medical student jaded by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
MP is criticised for saying that marriage of first cousins is a health problem
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A Labour MP has called for a public debate on the genetic risks of marriages between first cousins in Britain's Pakistani community, after reports of an unusually high rate of autosomal recessive disorders among children near her constituency.

Ann Cryer, MP for Keighley in West Yorkshire, said on the BBC television programme Newsnight : “We have to stop this tradition of first cousin marriages.”

“As we address problems of smoking, drinking, obesity, we say it's a public health issue, and therefore we all have to get involved with it in persuading people to adopt a different lifestyle. I think the same should be applied to this problem in the Asian community. They must adopt a different lifestyle. They must look outside the family for husbands and wives for their young people.”

Ms Cryer's comments came after Bradford paediatricians noted an unusually high rate of autosomal recessive disorders among children. Peter …
I. Medical Research As I See It
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The opening of a new Institute for Biomedical Research is a cause for rejoicing, chiefly, I think, because it reflects how advanced is the thinking of the medical profession. In my day the study of biological mechanisms was considered a bit daring, and some of you remember the Scopes trial as an example of the no-nonsense of that period. Then came microbiology and microbiologists, the latter I suppose being definable as "very little biologists." But we do not stop there. Now we have "molecular biologists" who, I assume, must be constituted chiefly of intramolecular space because molecules seem to have so little mass; they epitomize what is now called "space biology." This brings us head on to one of the most difficult problems medicine now faces. What is all this research for? I heard a story from Dr. Burnett last summer in Hyannis Port that illustrates what I mean: A
Characterisation of penicillin G uptake in human small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles
Authors: J F Poschet, S M Hammond, P D Fairclough
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Many β lactams are well absorbed by the small intestine, although the reasons for this are poorly understood. AIMS To characterise the uptake of penicillin G into human small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and to compare the uptake characteristics to those of rabbit BBMV. METHODS AND RESULTS Uptake of penicillin G was studied in human BBMV. Penicillin G was actively transported into the lumen of BBMV via an H + dependent, Na + independent uptake system. The carrier mediated process was saturable and adhered to Michaelis-Menten kinetics (V max 52 nmol penicillin G per mg protein per 30 seconds, K m 13.9 mM). These results are similar to those previously reported in rabbit BBMV. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that penicillin G can be used as a model molecule for peptide and β lactam transport studies as it is cheap and readily available in isotopically labelled form. Furthermore, rabbit BBMV may be used as an acceptable substitute for human BBMV for the study of penicillin transport.
Poor Response to Activated Protein C as a Prominent Risk Predictor of Advanced Atherosclerosis and Arterial Disease
Authors: Stefan Kiechl, Armin Muigg, Peter Santer, Manfred Mitterer, Georg Egger, Martin Oberhollenzer, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Agnes Mayr, Arno Gasperi, Werner Poewe, Johann Willeit
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The potential role of activated protein C (APC) resistance in arterial thrombosis and disease is a matter of ongoing controversy. Methods and Results —In the present population-based survey, a random sample of 826 men and women underwent high-resolution duplex ultrasound scanning of the carotid and femoral arteries. Response to APC was expressed in APC ratios. Subjects were tested for the factor V Leiden mutation. The risk of carotid stenosis increased gradually with decreasing response to APC (adjusted OR [95% CI] for a 1-U decrease of response to APC, 1.6 [1.2 to 2.2]), as did the risk of femoral artery stenosis (1.7 [1.3 to 2.3]) and prevalent cardiovascular disease (1.4 [1.1 to 2.0]). The association between low APC ratio and atherosclerotic vascular disease applied equally to subjects with the factor V Leiden mutation and those without. Our study identified various nongenetic determinants of poor response to APC in the general population, including behavioral, hormonal, and environmental factors. Conclusions —The present study revealed an independent and gradual association between low response to APC and both advanced atherosclerosis (stenosis) and arterial disease. Resistance to APC due to factor V Leiden mutation was only one facet of this relationship.
European Ethical Review Committee: the experience of an international ethics committee reviewing protocols for drug trials.
Authors: J M Faccini, P N Bennett, J L Reid
Journal: BMJ (1984)

An international ethics review committee, founded seven years ago, has several unusual features: it selects its own members, who are independent of the drug industry; it includes members with no medical or paramedical background, such as lay people and lawyers; and it reviews protocols together with the study's sponsor. Membership of 31 from nine European countries enables frequent meetings and there is a full meeting of the committee every year to review progress and consider policy. Of the first 294 protocols for phase I, II, or III trials reviewed, 37 were admitted outright, 243 were amended (usually during the discussion of the protocol), and 14 were rejected. It is suggested that, to overcome the problem of ethics review in smaller institutions, regional health authorities in Britain might consider establishing similar committees.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BODY FAT BY ABSORPTION OF AN INERT GAS; MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS *
Authors: Gerson T. Lesser, William Perl, J. Murray Steele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The usefulness of the concept of a "fat-free lean mass" (FFLM)l has been widely appreciated (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).Such a concept involves a consideration of the mammalian body as a sum of two major components: a) the body fat, which varies widely from individual to individual and which may also vary in a given individual from time to time de- pending upon his state of nutrition; and b) the FFLM which is of relatively constant weight in a given healthy individual and of relatively constant composition in the various mammalian species ex- cept perhaps for the proportion of bone.Since the concentrations of protein, water and electro- lytes in the FFLM vary only slightly, it is the dif- ference in fat content which leads to wide variations in these concentrations in the whole body.This observation was made for individual tissues in 1937 by Hastings and Eichelberger (7).A knowledge of the relative proportions of these two major components of the body is of obvious biological interest.It has been suggested that the FFLM, rather than body weight or surface area, should be used as a primary reference standard for various purposes (8,9).Similarly, total body fat would seem to be fundamentally involved in the action and distribution of various substances
Reference Range for Cerebrospinal Fluid Opening Pressure in Children
Authors: Robert A. Avery, Samir S. Shah, Daniel J. Licht, Jeffrey A. Seiden, Jimmy W. Huh, Jan Boswinkel, Michael D. Ruppe, Amber Chew, Rakesh D. Mistry, Grant T. Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: A reference range for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure in children undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture has not been established.1 The influence of age, body-mass index (B...
Blood gold concentrations in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis undergoing long-term oral gold therapy.
Authors: E H Giannini, E J Brewer, D A Person
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

During an uncontrolled, open-labelled, open-ended clinical trial of auranofin in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) we obtained serial blood samples for the purpose of assessing gold content. Our objectives were (1) to observe the pattern of blood gold concentrations over a period of time in children undergoing long-term oral gold therapy, and (2) to observe the effect of changing dosage levels on blood gold concentrations. The initial dosage of auranofin was 0.1 mg/kg/day with allowable increases to 0.2 mg/kg/day. A concurrent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was allowed. Twenty-one patients were enrolled in the study, and we obtained 2 or more serial samples on 13 of the children. At a constant dosage of 0.1 mg/kg/day, steady state blood gold concentrations were attained in 11 to 13 weeks of therapy and, in the absence of a dosage change, remained remarkably constant through extended periods. The blood gold concentration was related to total daily dosage rather than to the cumulative amount of gold received. Increasing or decreasing the dose resulted in a direct effect on concentration. The clinical value of blood gold levels resulting from auranofin therapy in JRA will have to be established through double-blind controlled trials.
Spontaneous endocrine cure of gigantism due to pituitary apoplexy.
Authors: O Arisaka, R Hall, I A Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An 11 year old, tall boy presented with symptoms typical of pituitary apoplexy. A large necrotic and haemorrhagic tumour was removed, which was shown to be an adenoma secreting growth hormone and prolactin. Subsequent treatment comprised cranial irradiation and hormone replacement. Eighteen months after operation growth was static and plasma growth hormone and prolactin concentrations were undetectable. Treatment of pituitary apoplexy should comprise excision of the tumour and postoperative irradiation; such treatment after early recognition of the condition offers the best chance of preserving normal pituitary function in children with gigantism.