tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Egg Yolk and Serum-cholesterol Levels: Importance of Dietary Cholesterol Intake
Authors: V. M. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Dietary fats and oils apparently fall into two classes with respect to their effects on the serum-cholesterol levels in man. On the one hand, animal fats and hydrogenated and tropical vegetable fats elevate the serum-cholesterol levels whereas vegetable oils and marine oils do not have this effect. Generally it is felt that it is the composition of the fatty acids of the particular fat or oil that deter mines these effects, because there is no cholesterol in hydrogenated or tropical vegetable fats yet cholesterol is present in marine oils. Kinsell and Sinclair (1957) have suggested that the serum-cholesterol-lowering activity of an oil depends on its content of essential fatty acids. Ahrens et al (1957) have proposed that the ability of a certain fat or oil to raise or lower the serum-cholesterol level can be predicted roughly by its iodine value. Keys et al (1957) have provided a regression equation taking account of both the saturated and the polyunsaturated fatty-acid content of the fat or oil.
Vincent van Gogh and the Thujone Connection
Authors: Wilfred Niels Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1988)

During his last two years Vincent van Gogh experienced fits with hallucinations that have been attributed to a congenital psychosis. But the artist admitted to episodes of heavy drinking that were amply confirmed by colleagues and there is good evidence to indicate that addiction to absinthe exacerbated his illness. Absinthe was distilled from an alcoholic steep of herbs. Wormwood (<i>Artemisia absinthium</i>) was the most significant constituent because it contributed thujone. This terpene can cause excitation, convulsions that mimic epilepsy, and even permanent brain damage. Statements in van Gogh's letters and from his friends indicate that he had an affinity for substances with a chemical connection to thujone; the documented examples are camphor and pinene. Perhaps he developed an abnormal craving for terpenes, a sort of pica, that would explain his attempts to eat paints and so on, which were previously regarded as unrelated absurdities. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3042-3044)
The mimetic dolphin
Authors: Gordon B. Bauer, Heidi E. Harley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Rendell and Whitehead note the necessary, complementary relationship between field and laboratory studies in other species, but conclude their article by de-emphasizing the role of laboratory findings in cetacean research. The ambiguity in field studies of cetaceans should argue for greater reliance on the laboratory, which has provided much of the available research supporting the hypothesis of cetacean culture.
A comparison of neuroinflammation to implanted microelectrodes in rat and mouse models
Authors: Kelsey A. Potter-Baker, Madhumitha Ravikumar, Alan A. Burke, William D. Meador, Kyle T. Householder, Amy C. Buck, Smrithi Sunil, Wade G. Stewart, Jake P. Anna, William H. Tomaszewski, Jeffrey R. Capadona
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Developmental Neurotoxicity of Perfluorinated Chemicals Modeled <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Emiko A. MacKillop, Ronald L. Melnick, Kristina A. Thayer, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundThe widespread detection of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives in wildlife and humans, and their entry into the immature brain, raise increasing concern about whether these agents might be developmental neurotoxicants.ObjectivesWe evaluated perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, a neuronotypic line used to characterize neurotoxicity.MethodsWe assessed inhibition of DNA synthesis, deficits in cell numbers and growth, oxidative stress, reduced cell viability, and shifts in differentiation toward or away from the dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter phenotypes.ResultsIn general, the rank order of adverse effects was PFOSA > PFOS > PFBS ≈ PFOA. However, superimposed on this scheme, the various agents differed in their underlying mechanisms and specific outcomes. Notably, PFOS promoted differentiation into the ACh phenotype at the expense of the DA phenotype, PFBS suppressed differentiation of both phenotypes, PFOSA enhanced differentiation of both, and PFOA had little or no effect on phenotypic specification.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that all perfluorinated chemicals are not the same in their impact on neurodevelopment and that it is unlikely that there is one simple, shared mechanism by which they all produce their effects. Our results reinforce the potential for in vitro models to aid in the rapid and cost-effective screening for comparative effects among different chemicals in the same class and in relation to known developmental neurotoxicants.
A10.10 Examination of IL-6, TNF I and II Receptor Distribution on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) in Seropositive and Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Authors: Martyna Skwarek, Babett Heschel, Julia Fantana, Martin Aringer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Despite significant clinical overlap, genetic evidence and, in part, response to therapy distinguish seropositive (RA+), i.e. rheumatoid factor (RF) positive RA patients from patients with RF and anti-CCP-negative (RA-) disease. The aim of this study was to profile RA+ and RA- patients with regard to the differential expression of receptors for IL-6 and TNF, cytokines of established importance in RA. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> PBMC of RA+ and RA- patients were compared to each other and to healthy individuals (HC). Most (93%) of the RA+ patients were also positive for anti-CCP antibodies. PBMC were immediately prepared from peripheral venous blood. For determining the percentage of IL-6Rα (CD126), gp130 (CD130), TNFR I (CD120a), and TNFR II (CD120b) positive cells, PBMC were stained with PE-labelled or control antibodies. Cells were analysed on a Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur fluorocytometer, gating for lymphocytes. <h3>Results</h3> Disease duration (median 7 (0.04–66) versus 3.5 (0.04–6) years) and disease activity (CDAI median 15.6 (5.3–54.5) versus 13.5 (4.4–28)) were comparable between RA+ and RA- patients. Lymphocytes of RA+ and RA- patients differed in their lymphocyte expression of CD126+ and CD120b+. The percentage of CD126+ lymphocytes in RA+ was decreased in comparison with RA- (mean ± SD, 49 ± 14 versus RA-58 ± 11, p = 0.05) and HC (59 ± 9%, p = 0.0007). The difference between RA- and HC was not significant. The percentage of CD130+ lymphocytes in RA+ (51 ± 11) was decreased when compared with HC (58 ± 11%, p = 0.007). While the mean values for CD130 were similar between RA+ and RA- (55 ± 14%), the latter values were not significantly different from HC. In contrast to the IL-6 receptor, CD120b+ lymphocytes were increased in RA+ patients (69 ± 12% versus RA- 58 ± 12%, p = 0.04, versus HC 57 ± 11, p = 0.0002). Again, the difference between RA- and HC was not significant. The percentages of CD120a+ lymphocytes were low in all groups. Nevertheless, mean percentages of CD120a+ lymphocytes from RA- (1.5 (0.53–2) % versus HC (median 1 (0.4–4)% p = 0.05) were somewhat higher than those of RA+ (median 1.1 (0.3–3)%, p = 0.9). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A direct comparison of (IL-6 mediated) downregulation of CD126 and (TNF mediated) upregulation of CD120b suggests that both are clearly more pronounced in RA+ than in RA-0. This was not explained by differences in disease activity.
Lost Human Capital From Early-Onset Chronic Depression
Authors: Ernst R. Berndt, Lorrin M. Koran, Stan N. Finkelstein, Alan J. Gelenberg, Susan G. Kornstein, Ivan M. Miller, Michael E. Thase, George A. Trapp, Martin B. Keller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Chronic depression starts at an early age for many individuals and could affect their accumulation of "human capital" (i.e., education, higher amounts of which can broaden occupational choice and increase earnings potential). The authors examined the impact, by gender, of early- (before age 22) versus late-onset major depressive disorder on educational attainment. They also determined whether the efficacy and sustainability of antidepressant treatments and psychosocial outcomes vary by age at onset and quantified the impact of early- versus late-onset, as well as never-occurring, major depressive disorder on expected lifetime earnings.METHOD: The authors used logistic and multivariate regression methods to analyze data from a three-phase, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial that compared sertraline and imipramine treatment of 531 patients with chronic depression aged 30 years and older. These data were integrated with U.S. Census Bureau data on 1995 earnings by age, educational attainment, and gender.RESULTS: Early-onset major depressive disorder adversely affected the educational attainment of women but not of men. No significant difference in treatment responsiveness by age at onset was observed after 12 weeks of acute treatment or, for subjects rated as having responded, after 76 weeks of maintenance treatment. A randomly selected 21-year-old woman with early-onset major depressive disorder in 1995 could expect future annual earnings that were 12%–18% lower than those of a randomly selected 21-year-old woman whose onset of major depressive disorder occurred after age 21 or not at all.CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset major depressive disorder causes substantial human capital loss, particularly for women. Detection and effective treatment of early-onset major depressive disorder may have substantial economic benefits.
Effects of chronic arsenic exposure on hematopoietic function in adult mammalian liver
Authors: James S. Woods, Bruce A. Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

In these studies the effects of ingested arsenic (As(+5)) on hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and hemoprotein function in adult male rats were investigated. Animals exposed for 6 weeks to 0, 20, 40, or 85 ppm sodium arsenate in the drinking water suffered depression of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and heme synthetase (ferrochelatase) activities, with maximal decreases to 67 and 55% of control levels, respectively, at 85 ppm. Concomitantly, urinary uroporphyrin levels were elevated by as much as 12 times, and coproporphyrin by as much as 9 times, control values. The rate of incorporation of (3)H-ALA into mitochondrial and microsomal hemes was depressed by 40-50% at 20 ppm but was increased with regard to controls by as much as 150% at the higher treatment levels. A similar biphasic pattern was observed in regard to (14)C-leucine incorporation into cellular membranal proteins. In contrast, the levels of ALA dehydratase, uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, aminopyrine demethylase, and cytochrome P-450 were not significantly changed in As(+5)-treated rats. These results support the hypothesis that chronic, low level, arsenic exposure results in selective inhibition of mitochondrial-bound heme biosynthetic pathway enzymes (ALA synthetase and heme synthetase) resulting in a substantial increase in urinary porphyrins, uniquely characterized by a greater increase in uroporphyrin than coproporphyrin levels. These changes occur independent of, or prior to, alterations in hepatic hemoprotein-dependent functions and may thus serve in the clinical analysis of pretoxic exposure to arsenic compounds in human populations.
<i>The Sick Dürer</i> —a Renaissance prototype pain map
Authors: G D Schott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Modern pain mapping was introduced in 1949, when Palmer provided outline diagrams of the human body, and the patient was “invited to mark in on the charts wherever he experiences pain.”1 Palmer's maps not only used colours for the different varieties of pain, he also used the maps to distinguish functional from organic pain. Since then, pain maps have become widely used in clinical practice, and are included in the McGill pain questionnaire. They represent an accurate, permanent, and repeatable graphic device for delineating where pain is felt, but they …
Comparative study of ultrasound, 131I-19-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, and aortography in localising adrenal lesions.
Authors: H Kehlet, M Blichert-Toft, S Hancke, J F Pedersen, J K Kristensen, F Efsen, H D Petersen, J Fogh, K Lockwood, E Hasner
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Twenty-seven consecutive patients with endocrinological disease necessitating adrenal surgery underwent blind preoperative investigation with ultrasound, renal aortography, and adrenocortical scintigraphy for an adrenal lesion. Nine patients had pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, five had pituitary-independent Cushing's syndrome, four had an adrenocortical androgenic excess, and nine had a preoperative diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. The predictive value of preoperative ultrasound was 100% for a positive finding and 79% for a negative result. Preoperative aortography had a predictive value of 83% for a positive finding and 64% for a negative result; and the predictive value of adrenocortical scintigraphy was 100% for a positive finding and 85% for a negative finding. In localising biochemically suspected adrenal lesions ultrasound should be the first choice, since it is rapid, noninvasive, cheap, and reasonably accurate. Adrenocortical scintigraphy has a similar diagnostic value, especially in Cushing's syndrome, but it is time consuming. Nevertheless, it may be preferable for diagnosing small glucocorticoid-secreting adenomas. Aortography should be reserved for cases with inconclusive diagnoses and suspected extra-adrenal phaeochromocytomas.
Effect of beta-adrenergic suppression by propranolol on coronary collateral development in response to chronic coronary ischemia in dogs.
Authors: W A Neill, V Nakornchai, J Oxendine, M S Paul
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Acute left circumflex coronary artery (LC) occlusion in conscious dogs caused marked ischemia in the myocardium supplied by the occluded artery, as judged by the radioactive microsphere technique for determining blood flow distribution. With the chest open, LC pressure distal to the occlusion fell to 21 +/- 1.9% of aortic pressure. By 8 weeks after gradual LC occlusion with an ameroid constrictor, collateral development had restored coronary blood flow distribution to near-normal under basal conditions and during pacing, at a heart rate of 200 beats/min. The only evidence for ischemia was in the subepicardium within the distribution of the unoccluded left anterior descending artery, which provided the extra collateral blood flow. Distal LC pressure was 70 +/- 1.7% of aortic pressure. Propranolol 160 mg orally every 6 hours for 8 weeks had no detectable effect on coronary collateral development, as judged by blood flow distribution or distal LC pressure. The only significant difference for the propranolol dogs was a slight transmural shift away from the subendocardium in the left anterior descending region.
Relation between electromyography and anal manometry of the external anal sphincter.
Authors: M Sorensen, T Tetzschner, O O Rasmussen, J Christiansen
Journal: Gut (1991)

Thirteen patients with faecal incontinence and 26 control subjects were studied to investigate whether a quantitative electromyographic (EMG) signal could be correlated to anal manometry. Three different electrodes were used--a concentric needle electrode, a disposable sponge electrode, and a hard anal plug electrode. The maximum amplitude of the EMG recording was used as a quantitative parameter. Linear regression showed significant correlation between EMG and anal manometry with the sponge electrode, both at rest and during squeeze. Significant correlation was also found with the concentric needle electrode during squeeze but not at rest. No correlation was found with the hard anal plug electrode either during squeeze or at rest. Reproducibility studies using the sponge electrode showed acceptable day to day variation. In conclusion, quantitative EMG recordings from a disposable sponge electrode placed in the anal canal correlate well to anal manometry and may be used for assessment of sphincter function, but the hard anal plug electrode cannot be recommended.
Costs incurred by one severely ill Jehovah's Witness could run one unit in Africa for one year
Authors: N. Wooding
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Minerva reports that a Jehovah's Witness survived emergency surgery for a leaking abdominal aneurysm despite having a postoperative haemoglobin concentration of only 30 g/l; he spent 14 weeks in hospital.1 Those of us who work in rural Africa can only …
HELIOTHERAPY IN GENITO-URINARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: W. G. SHULTZ
Journal: JAMA (1927)

If definitely proved unilateral renal tuberculosis, in which the universally accepted treatment is surgical, is excluded from consideration, there is left a large percentage of cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis for which some treatment that offers promise of palliation or clinical relief and hope for an arrest or cure may be sought. It is now widely known among both the profession and the general public that heliotherapy stands out prominently as offering that promise or hope. In fact, this is so well known that I have seen patient after patient suffering from both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, who has been advised by the home physician to come to Tucson, get out in the open, take plenty of fresh air and an abundance of rich food, get lots of sunshine, and stay away from physicians unless something develops which requires medical attention. It is not at all uncommon to see patients who
Loose Bodies in Joints
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1888)

cent, the contra-indication is much less than if they are present; if remote and without other objections, these diseases are most favourably influenced by the change.if there is reason for some doubt, in any such otherwise favourable case, a gradual rise in elevation should be chosen.8. High bodily temperature, whether it be rather constant, as in some inflammatory states, or in catarrlial extension beyond a tubercular zone, or whether it be regularly vacillating, as in tutbercular infection, that is, daily low or subnormal in the morning and up to 103 degrees or more later in the day, especially with sus- picious laryngeal complication.9. Extensive involvement of lung-tissue in diseased action, that is, s0 that the healthy spirometrical record is more than one-half abridged.Of course advanced stage of disease renders this contraindication much stronger.10.The stage of softening, if accompanied by marked pyrexia, or in one of decided ha3morrhagic diathesis.
FDA Approves First Sublingual Therapies for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first sublingual allergen extract for treatment of allergic rhinitis, in this case for symptoms induced by exposure to grass pollen, on April 2 (http://1.usa.gov/1mKpSNe).
Blood Pressure Changes During Mental Load Experiments in Man
Authors: J.H. Ettema
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1969)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 Blood Pressure Changes During Mental Load Experiments in Man Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology J.H. Ettema J.H. Ettema Coronel Laboratory of Occupational Hygiene, University of Amsterdam, Jan Swammerdam Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1969) 17 (3-4): 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286035 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J.H. Ettema; Blood Pressure Changes During Mental Load Experiments in Man. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1969; 17 (3-4): 191–195. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286035 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1969Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Acromegaly said to respond to proton therapy
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

AS PHYSICIANS AND PHYSICISTS continue to refine the clinical applications for charged particles, they can point to at least one notable success story: the treatment of acromegaly, a disorder that afflicts an estimated 250 persons in the United States each year. Bernard Kliman, MD, reported at the annual Endocrine Society meeting in Indianapolis that his group at Harvard Medical School, Boston, and the Harvard cyclotron has cured 479 (85.5%) of 560 patients with acromegaly or gigantism. Cure is defined as reducing growth hormone level to less than 5 μg/L (&lt;5 ng/mL) and shrinking the soft tissue growth characteristic of the disease. (Bony growth induced by excess growth hormone must be surgically corrected.) In 431 patients for whom they have 20 years of follow-up data, the recurrence rate of 1% is "superior to all other forms of therapy," Kliman, associate professor of medicine at Harvard, said in an interview. Medical texts
A Pitfall in Assessing Gastric Lymphoma after Eradication of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>
Authors: Wolfgang Fischbach, Rainer Engemann, Manfred Stolte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Various studies have suggested an important role for Helicobacter pylori infection in the pathogenesis of low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. These l...