tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Management of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Jay N. Cohn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Heart failure is a complex of symptoms — fatigue, shortness of breath, and congestion — that are related to the inadequate perfusion of tissue during exertion and often to the retention of fluid. Its primary cause is an impairment of the heart's ability to fill or empty the left ventricle properly.The management of heart failure can no longer be confined to the relief of symptoms. The processes that contribute to left ventricular dysfunction may progress independently from the development of symptoms (Figure 1). Treatment to prevent or delay the progression of left ventricular dysfunction may therefore be quite different . . .
Diagnostic accuracy of FibroScan and comparison to liver fibrosis biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis: A multicenter prospective study (the FIBROSTIC study)
Authors: Francoise Degos, Paul Perez, Bruno Roche, Amel Mahmoudi, Julien Asselineau, Hélène Voitot, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Use of a novel anti-apoptotic agent (LXR017) reduces infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion in the canine myocardium
Authors: M.J. Silver, S.P. Chetculi, D.B. Mukherjee, J.L. Malyaky, D.L. Tomei, S. Umansky, F.A. Nicolini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Long-term Implications of Reocclusion on Left Ventricular Size and Function After Successful Thrombolysis for First Anterior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Francisca Nijland, Otto Kamp, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gerrit Veen, Cees A. Visser
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Successful thrombolysis can prevent left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction. However, in almost 30% of patients, reocclusion occurs. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term implications of reocclusion on left ventricular size and function. Methods and Results Fifty-six patients were studied with two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline (2±1.6 days) and 5.0±1.4 years after first anterior myocardial infarction. All patients (a subset of those enrolled in the APRICOT trial) had a patent infarct-related artery when studied &lt;48 hours after thrombolysis and underwent repeat coronary angiography at 3 months. Baseline characteristics were comparable in patients with (n=17) and without reocclusion (n=39). Left ventricular volume indexes were stable in patients without reocclusion. Patients with reocclusion, however, showed a significant increase in end-diastolic volume index (EDVI; P =.008) and end-systolic volume index (ESVI; P =.039). Furthermore, patients without reocclusion demonstrated improvement in wall motion score index (WMSI; P =.0001) and ejection fraction (EF; P =.016), whereas patients with reocclusion did not. After 5 years, patients with reocclusion had significantly larger volume indexes (EDVI, 99±41 versus 76±22 mL/m 2 , P =.007; ESVI, 59±40 versus 39±20 mL/m 2 , P =.017) and more compromised left ventricular function (WMSI, 1.63±0.33 versus 1.39±0.32, P =.013; EF, 45±13% versus 51±11%, P =.077) than patients without reocclusion. Multivariate analysis identified baseline WMSI and reocclusion as significant independent predictors of left ventricular dilatation. Conclusions Reocclusion of the infarct-related artery within 3 months of successful thrombolysis is associated with left ventricular dilatation and is detrimental to functional recovery of left ventricular function 5 years after first anterior myocardial infarction.
Ernest George Gustav Jonas
Authors: P. Dovey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist the Hillingdon Hospital (b Berlin 1924; q Middlesex Hospital 1947; FRCS, FRCOG), died from cardiac failure on 1 December 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




George was appointed consultant obstetrician to Hillingdon Hospital in 1964. He played an important part in developing women's services and establishing links with London teaching hospitals for training posts and medical student tuition. His interests included the study of fetal growth retardation and the development of a cervical screening programme. His skills in communication and persuasion resulted in collaboration with nearby Brunel University and the early computerisation of clinical obstetric records. He leaves a wife, Gill; two daughters; and four grandchildren.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Cage S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IN THIS issue, the editors of JAMA have reprinted an article that stands as a landmark in medical history. This article, which first appeared in The Journal 63 years ago, is a detailed account of the clinical course of the first patient recognized with sickle cell anemia at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. <h3>History</h3> Verne R. Mason was in residency training at the time and reported this case in detail because of its supposed rarity and to draw attention to the disease as a clinical entity. In addition, he was the first to use the term<i>sickle cell anemia</i>, deriving it from the description of the cells in Herrick's1 original report. In his report, Mason recognized that the disease was a lifelong condition and probably inherited and that the reticulocyte count was elevated, although he did not conclude that the anemia was hemolytic (leaving that to his classmate, Sydenstricker). Furthermore, he
Abdominal obesity: a marker of ectopic fat accumulation
Authors: Ulf Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

In the early 1980s, we analyzed the metabolic profile of 930 men and women and concluded that an abdominal distribution of fat for a given BMI is associated with increased insulin resistance and risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The correlation between abdominal fat and metabolic dysfunction has since been validated in many studies, and waist circumference is now a criterion for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Several mechanisms for this relationship have been postulated; however, we now know that visceral fat is only one of many ectopic fat depots used when the subcutaneous adipose tissue cannot accommodate excess fat because of its limited expandability.
Abstract 4836: Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR leads to adaptive resistance in extracellular matrix attached cancer cells
Authors: Taru E. Muranen, Laura Selfors, Devin Worster, Marcin Iwanicki, Loling Song, Fabiana Morlaes, Gordon B. Mills, Joan S. Brugge
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The PI3K/mTOR-pathway is the most commonly deregulated pathway in epithelial cancers and represents an important target for cancer therapeutics. Here we show that inhibition of PI3K/mTOR in ovarian and breast cancer 3D spheroids leads to death of inner extracellular matrix-deprived cells, whereas matrix-attached cells are resistant. Resistance to PI3K inhibitors is associated with upregulation of a cellular survival program that involves both FOXO-mediated transcription and a novel translational resistance mechanism. This program is evolutionarily well-conserved and resembles nutrient/growth deprivation, leading to translation of IRES-containing pro-survival mRNAs, previously associated with cellular stress responses. Inhibition of any of several upregulated pro-survival proteins, including Bcl-2, EGFR, or IGF1R, abrogates resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibition in breast and ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer xenografts. These studies provide a platform for rational development of effective drug combinations through the use of 3D-based model systems together with high-throughput proteomics approaches and identify drug combinations for further analysis as cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4836. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4836
Clinical implications of advances in liver regeneration
Authors: Yong Jin Kwon, Kyeong Geun Lee, Dongho Choi
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Remarkable advances have been made recently in the area of liver regeneration. Even though liver regeneration after liver resection has been widely researched, new clinical applications have provided a better understanding of the process. Hepatic damage induces a process of regeneration that rarely occurs in normal undamaged liver. Many studies have concentrated on the mechanism of hepatocyte regeneration following liver damage. High mortality is usual in patients with terminal liver failure. Patients die when the regenerative process is unable to balance loss due to liver damage. During disease progression, cellular adaptations take place and the organ microenvironment changes. Portal vein embolization and the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy are relatively recent techniques exploiting the remarkable progress in understanding liver regeneration. Living donor liver transplantation is one of the most significant clinical outcomes of research on liver regeneration. Another major clinical field involving liver regeneration is cell therapy using adult stem cells. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of the clinical approaches being undertaken to examine regeneration in liver diseases. Keywords: Liver regeneration; Hepatectomy; Liver transplantation
Rat kidney thromboxane receptor: molecular cloning, signal transduction, and intrarenal expression localization.
Authors: T Abe, K Takeuchi, N Takahashi, E Tsutsumi, Y Taniyama, K Abe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Thromboxane (TX) plays important roles in control of renal hemodynamics and water and electrolyte metabolism, and is involved in the pathophysiology of many renal diseases. The aim of the present study is to isolate a rat kidney cDNA encoding functional TX receptor, and to reveal its intrarenal expression localization. A clone (rTXR2) was isolated from a rat kidney cDNA library by a homology screening approach. rTXR2 was shown to encode the amino acid sequence containing seven transmembrane spanning domains representing rat (r) TX receptor. The membrane from COS-7 cells transiently transfected with rTXR2 cDNA was shown to be specifically bound by a thromboxane receptor antagonist, SQ29548. Either in Xenopus oocyte expression or in transfected COS-7 cells, rTX receptor was shown to be linked with Ca2+ messenger system. TX receptor-mediated increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was also observed in cultured glomerular mesangial cells. In situ hybridization showed that rTX receptor mRNA was detected in renal glomeruli, smooth muscle cells in renal arterioles, and transitional cell epithelium of renal pelvis. Reverse transcription linked to PCR applied to microdissected nephron segments indicated the presence of rTX receptor mRNA exclusively in the glomerulus. In conclusion, we have cloned a functional rat kidney TX receptor, which is expressed specifically in renal glomerulus, arterial smooth muscle cells, and transitional cell epithelium of renal pelvis. The present study will provide important insights into the etiology and pathophysiology of renal diseases with relation to TX metabolism.
Research contributions toward prevention of cardiovascular disease. Research related to the underlying mechanisms in hypertension.
Authors: H P Dustan
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The pathogenesis and basic mechanisms of hypertension are not understood. Hypertension is now considered to reflect abnormality in one or more of the biologic systems that regulate flow and resistance. Its complications result from high intra-arterial pressure, and drug treatment substantially lessens these complications. The death rate from hypertension has dropped strikingly. Although current knowledge is not sufficient to develop predictably successful prevention programs, there is growing interest in applying available information. Epidemiologic studies have identified obesity as a major risk factor for hypertension; they have also been interpreted as showing that high dietary sodium intake causes hypertension in industrialized societies. Evidence on the role of obesity seems firm and can provide the basis for prevention programs. The role of sodium intake requires further study.
Intracoronary basic fibroblast growth factor enhances myocardial collateral perfusion in dogs
Authors: M.A.Sharmini Rajanayagam, Matie Shou, Venugopal Thirumurti, Daisy F Lazarous, Arshed A Quyyumi, Lino Goncalves, Jonathan Stiber, Stephen E Epstein, Ellis F Unger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Co-prescription of Gastroprotective Agents and Their Efficacy in Elderly Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Stephanie Medlock, Saeid Eslami, Marjan Askari, Zhila Taherzadeh, Dedan Opondo, Sophia E. de Rooij, Ameen Abu-Hanna
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Chronic Progressive Poliomyelitis Secondary to Vaccination of an Immunodeficient Child
Authors: Larry E. Davis, David Bodian, Donald Price, Ian J. Butler, James H. Vickers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus, Type II, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy. The brain isolate was classified as vaccine-like on the basis of temperature sensitivity and antigenic markers. However, in the monkey neurovirulence test, the brain isolate produced moderately severe lesions throughout the spinal cord and brainstem and appeared nonvaccine-like. Thus, the brain isolate demonstrated a dissociation between the antigenic and neurovirulence markers. Our observations suggest that, under unusual circumstances, such as immunodeficiency, attenuated poliovirus can produce a chronic progressive neurologic disease. This case also emphasizes the need to diagnose immunodeficiency as early as possible, so that live-virus vaccines will not be administered.
Précis of <i>Lifelines: Biology, freedom, determinism</i>
Authors: Steven Rose
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

There are many ways of describing and explaining the properties of living systems; causal, functional, and reductive accounts are necessary but no one account has primacy. The history of biology as a discipline has given excessive authority to reductionism, which collapses higher level accounts, such as social or behavioural ones, into molecular ones. Such reductionism becomes crudely ideological when applied to the human condition, with its claims for genes “for” everything from sexual orientation to compulsive shopping. The current enthusiasm for genetics and ultra-Darwinist accounts, with their selfish-gene metaphors for living processes, misunderstand both the phenomena of development and the interactive role that DNA and the fluid genome play in the cellular orchestra. DNA is not a blueprint, and the four dimensions of life (three of space, one of time) cannot be read off from its one-dimensional strand. Both developmental and evolutionary processes are more than merely instructive or selective; the organism constructs itself, a process known as autopoiesis, through a lifeline trajectory. Because organisms are thermodynamically open systems, living processes are homeodynamic, not homeostatic. The self-organising membrane-bound and energy-utilising metabolic web of the cell must have evolved prior to so-called naked replicators. Evolution is constrained by physics, chemistry, and structure; not all change is powered by natural selection, and not all phenotypes are adaptive. Finally, therefore, living processes are radically indeterminate; like all other living organisms, but to an even greater degree, we make our own future, though in circumstances not of our own choosing.
Preferential prolongation of transverse compared to longitudinal conduction time associated with late potentials following myocardial infarction
Authors: Gary M. Greenberg, Marc S. Fuller, Theodore J. Dustman, Robert L. Lux, Phil R. Ershler, Ronald L. Menlove, Dave S. Moddrelle, Robert C. Krall, Roger A. Freedman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Phase II Multicenter Clinical Trial of Pulmonary Metastasectomy and Isolated Lung Perfusion with Melphalan in Patients with Resectable Lung Metastases
Authors: Willem A. den Hengst, Jeroen M.H. Hendriks, Bram Balduyck, Inez Rodrigus, Jan B. Vermorken, Filip Lardon, Michel I.M. Versteegh, Jerry Braun, Hans Gelderblom, Franz M.N.H. Schramel, Wim-Jan Van Boven, Bart P. Van Putte, Özcan Birim, Alexander P.W.M. Maat, Paul E.Y. Van Schil
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
F-18 FDG-PET Imaging in Rectal Leiomyoma
Authors: Naoto Watanabe, Mitsuru Taniguchi, Tomoko Takahashi, Mariko Doai, Hisashi Funada, Hikaru Seto, Hisao Tonami
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report a case of leiomyoma of the rectum, which is rarely encountered. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) is a useful modality in detecting various tumors, including rectal ones. We evaluated a patient with rectal leiomyoma, using F-18 FDG PET imaging which detected abnormally increased uptake in the pelvis. The standardized uptake value of the highest FDG uptake was 8.6. We succeeded in demonstrating tumor uptake by rectal leiomyoma, using F-18 FDG PET imaging.
<i>Traité International de Psychologie pathologique. Directeur,</i>Dr. A. Marie. Comité de Rédaction, Bechterew, Clouston, Grasset, Lugaro, Magnan, Pilcz, Raymond, Ziehen. Tome premier, Psychopathologie générale, pp. viii-1028, with 353 illustrations. (Paris: Félix Alcan, 1910.)
Authors: None Farrar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1910)
The effects of gut microbiota on CNS function in humans
Authors: Kirsten Tillisch
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in human brain development and function is an area of increasing interest and research. Preclinical models suggest a role for the microbiota in broad aspects of human health, including mood, cognition, and chronic pain. Early human studies suggest that altering the microbiota with beneficial bacteria, or probiotics, can lead to changes in brain function, as well as subjective reports of mood. As the mechanisms of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota are better understood, it is expected that these pathways will be harnessed to provide novel methods to enhance health and treat disease.
A novel method for generating region-specific monoclonal antibodies to modified proteins. Application to the identification of human glucosylated low density lipoproteins.
Authors: L K Curtiss, J L Witztum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Modifications of plasma lipoprotein structure and function resulting from in vivo post-translational nonenzymatic glycosylation may play a role in the premature atherosclerosis of patients with diabetes mellitus. This report describes the generation and characterization of six unique murine monoclonal antibodies that bind glucosylated human plasma lipoproteins, but do not react with normal plasma lipoproteins. This was accomplished by immunizing mice with homologous glucosylated low density lipoprotein. In competitive inhibition radioimmunoassays, the dominant epitope recognized by these antibodies on glucosylated low density lipoprotein was identified as glucitollysine, the reduced hexose alcohol form of glucose conjugated to the epsilon amino group of lysine. Each of these antibodies was capable of identifying glucitollysine epitopes on all reduced glucosylated proteins studied, including high density lipoprotein, albumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin. These antibodies were also capable of identifying and quantitating glucitollysine residues on the total plasma proteins and isolated lipoproteins of normal and diabetic individuals after reduction of the proteins with NaBH4. Preliminary data suggest that diabetic total plasma proteins and isolated lipoproteins contain at least threefold more immunochemically detectable glucitollysine residues than nondiabetic plasma proteins and lipoproteins. The technique described in this report should allow production of region-specific antibodies to any immunogenic modification of a protein.
Pharmacological Strategies for Improving Diastolic Dysfunction in the Setting of Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Edward P. Chen, Damian M. Craig, Hartmuth B. Bittner, R. Duane Davis, Peter Van Trigt
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy is an adaptive process that occurs in the setting of chronic pulmonary hypertension (CPH) and can lead to alterations in normal RV diastolic properties. This study was designed to investigate the effects of NO and milrinone on RV diastolic dysfunction in the setting of CPH and RV hypertrophy by use of a canine model of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP)-induced CPH.Sixteen mongrel dogs (22 to 24 kg) were used. Animals underwent percutaneous pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization to measure pulmonary hemodynamics before and 8 weeks after injection of 3 mg/kg MCTP (n=8) or placebo (control, n=8). Eight weeks after injection, all hearts were instrumented with a PA flow probe, sonomicrometric dimension transducers, and micromanometers. Data were collected at baseline and after both NO and milrinone administration. Diastolic properties were quantified by use of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and the time constant of ventricular isovolumic relaxation. Eight weeks after injection, significant increases in the PA pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were observed in MCTP dogs. Significant worsening of RV diastolic function occurred in association with significant increases in the ratio of RV dry weight to LV+septal dry weight. NO and milrinone administration both led to significant improvements in RV diastolic properties.In the setting of MCTP-induced CPH, significant worsening of RV diastolic function was observed in association with significant increases in the ratio of RV dry weight to LV+septal dry weight, suggesting that these changes are partially due to RV hypertrophy. The significant improvement in RV diastolic properties after both NO and milrinone administration suggests that these agents may be effective forms of pharmacological therapy for improving RV diastolic dysfunction in the setting of CPH.