tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 Regulates RAD51 Function in Response to DNA Damage and Suppresses Spontaneous Sister Chromatid Replication Slippage: Implications for Sister Chromatid Cohesion, Genome Stability, and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Isabelle Cousineau, Christine Abaji, Abdellah Belmaaza
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 maintain genome stability, at least in part, through a functional role in DNA damage repair. They both colocalize with RAD51 at sites of DNA damage/replication and activate RAD51-mediated homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Whereas BRCA2 interacts directly with and regulates RAD51, the role of BRCA1 in this process is unclear. However, BRCA1 may regulate RAD51 in response to DNA damage or through its ability to interact with and regulate MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) during the processing of DSBs into single-strand DNA (ssDNA) ends, prerequisite substrates for RAD51, or both. To test these hypotheses, we measured the effect of BRCA1 on the competition between RAD51-mediated homologous recombination (gene conversion and crossover) versus RAD51-independent homologous recombination [single-strand annealing (SSA)] for ssDNA at a site-specific chromosomal DSB within a DNA repeat, a substrate for both homologous recombination pathways. Expression of wild-type BRCA1 in BRCA1-deficient human recombination reporter cell lines promoted both gene conversion and SSA but greatly enhanced gene conversion. In addition, BRCA1 also suppressed both spontaneous gene conversion and deletion events, which can arise from either crossover or sister chromatid replication slippage (SCRS), a RAD51-independent process. BRCA1 does not seem to block crossover. From these results, we conclude that (a) BRCA1 regulates RAD51 function in response to the type of DNA damage and (b) BRCA1 suppresses SCRS, suggesting a role for this protein in sister chromatid cohesion/alignment. Loss of such control in response to estrogen-induced DNA damage after BRCA1 inactivation may be a key initial event that triggers genome instability and carcinogenesis. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11384-91)
Technology Costs and Evaluation
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

According to a recent report from the Health Care Financing Administration,1 national expenditures for personal health care rose by about $110 billion between 1969 and 1978. Sixty-three per cent of that increase was due to the inflation of medical prices and 7 per cent to population growth, but fully 30 per cent was the result of a greater "intensity" of medical care — that is, of increased services and more use of technology. In hospitals, where the largest fraction of the health-care dollar is spent, overall use (as measured by inpatient days and outpatient visits) has not increased much over . . .
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
Authors: F. Homburger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IN A previous publication,1 the clinical features and laboratory findings in 4 cases of hepatolenticular degeneration were described. It was pointed out that the patients seemed to benefit from diets intended to protect the liver and that the cephalin-flocculation test was the most sensitive liver-function test available for this disease. The present paper reports the course of 2 of these patients treated by dietary means during periods of observation of fourteen and seventeen months, respectively. There appear to be nutritional factors that alter the course of this disease.Method of StudyThe following factors were investigated: the effects of high-calorie, . . .
Pan-American Medical Congress, Section of Military Medicine and Surgery.
Authors: Geo. M. Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1893)

—The following gentlemen have been duly appointed members of the Advisory Council of this Section: Col. Louis Read, M.D., Surgeon-General N. G., Pa.; Newton L. Bates, M.D., Medical Director U. S. N.; J. H. Tryon, M.D., Medical Inspector U. S. N.; Lieut.-Col. Eustathius Chancellor, M.D., Medical Director N. G., Mo.; Brv't Lieut.-Col. A. A. Woodhull, M.D., Surgeon U. S. A.; Major Jos. H. Corson, M.D., Surgeon U. S. A.; Major Geo. Henderson, M.D., Medical Director N. G., D. C.; C. N. Hoagland, M.D. Ex-Surgeon Ohio Vols.; Bedford Brown, M.D., Ex-Surgeon C. S. A.; H. C. Goodman, M.D., Ex-Surgeon U. S. Vols.; Melancthon Storrs, M.D., Ex-Surgeon Conn. Vols.; O. D. Ball, M.D., Pension Ex-Surgeon, Albany, N. Y.; Capt. H. O. Perley, M.D., Asst. Surgeon U. S. A. A board of officers will be convened at Washington, March 30,1893, for the purpose of examining applicants for admission to the grade of Assistant
Integration of retroviral vectors induces minor changes in the transcriptional activity of T cells from ADA-SCID patients treated with gene therapy
Authors: Barbara Cassani, Eugenio Montini, Giulietta Maruggi, Alessandro Ambrosi, Massimiliano Mirolo, Silvia Selleri, Erika Biral, Ilaria Frugnoli, Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo, Clelia Di Serio, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Luigi Naldini, Fulvio Mavilio, Alessandro Aiuti
Journal: Blood (2009)
THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON CEREBRAL METABOLISM
Authors: WALTER GOLDFARB, KARL M. BOWMAN, JOSEPH WORTIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

The cerebral metabolism was estimated in 10 patients in an acutely intoxicated condition, and after recovery from the alcoholic bout. The cerebral uptake of oxygen was diminished in 6 cases, and within normal limits in the remaining 4. After recovery the uptake of oxygen was within normal limits in all cases.
Delay in delivery of aid adds to risk of epidemic in Burma
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Legislation to regulate the use of human embryos for research in the United Kingdom had its second reading in the House of Commons this week, but ministers face a fight to push the most contentious measures through.The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill, which updates 1990 legislation to take account of advances in technology, passed the second reading by 340 votes to 78, with only nine Labour MPs rebelling.
Synergistic toxicity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX used for photodiagnosis and hypericum extract, a herbal antidepressant
Authors: D.P. Ladner, S.D. Klein, R.A. Steiner, H. Walt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Synergistic toxicity of δ‐aminolaevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX used for photodiagnosis and hypericum extract, a herbal antidepressant Get access D.P. Ladner, D.P. Ladner Research Division of Gynaecology, Department of OB/GYN, University Hospital, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH‐8091 Zurich, SwitzerlandWomen's Hospital Fontana, Luerlibadstrasse 118, 7000 Chur, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.D. Klein, S.D. Klein Research Division of Gynaecology, Department of OB/GYN, University Hospital, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Steiner, R.A. Steiner Women's Hospital Fontana, Luerlibadstrasse 118, 7000 Chur, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Walt H. Walt Research Division of Gynaecology, Department of OB/GYN, University Hospital, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Heinrich Walt. E‐mail: heinrich.walt@fhk.usz.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 916–918, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04167.x Published: 01 April 2001
SRF binding to SRE 6.9 in the Arc promoter is essential for LTD in cultured Purkinje cells
Authors: Constance Smith-Hicks, Bo Xiao, Rongkang Deng, Yifei Ji, Xia Zhao, Jason D Shepherd, Guido Posern, Dietmar Kuhl, Richard L Huganir, David D Ginty, Paul F Worley, David J Linden
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Case Studies in Echocardiography: A diagnostic Workbook
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The purpose of this workbook, as described by the author, is to teach the proper interpretation of M mode echocardiography in adults and to demonstrate and discuss recent advances in echocardiography. The author begins with a simple but thorough discussion of echocardiographic measurements and calculations, using numerous line drawings of echocardiographic structures to help the reader learn the details of measurements. Thereafter, 52 actual case histories with illustrative echocardiograms, line drawings of echocardiograms, questions, and discussions of pertinent points are presented. The reader is encouraged to actually measure, calculate, and evaluate the pertinent echocardiographic structures in each case and commit himself to answering each question. Technical advice is provided for improving the quality of the echocardiographic tracing. Aortic valvular lesions, mitral stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, flail mitral leaflet, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and pericardial effusion are well demonstrated with good quality echodiagrams recorded at a speed of 50 mm/sec on a
Vulval lichen planus
Authors: None Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Lichen planus of the vulva can occur as part of more widespread disease or in isolation. Its cause is unknown, but it can become chronic and has a potential for malignant change. It may present a difficult management problem and several treatments have been used with variable success. This review focuses on the problem of vulval lichen planus, and highlights some of the treatments and management strategies that have been used to date.
Mazabraud??s Syndrome with Sarcomatous Transformation: Scintigraphic and Radiologic Imaging
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Panol C. Ram
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Mazabraud's syndrome is an uncommon nonhereditary skeletal disease characterized by the association of fibrous dysplasia and soft tissue myxomas. Less than 50 cases have been reported in the medical literature and only a handful of them exhibited sarcomatous degeneration. The authors present an additional case of this rare osseous entity with malignant transformation diagnosed during imaging evaluation of a pathologic fracture of the right upper extremity.
Surgical specimens, haemodynamics and long-term outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Nika Skoro-Sajer, Gabriel Marta, Christian Gerges, Gerald Hlavin, Patrick Nierlich, Shahrokh Taghavi, Roela Sadushi-Kolici, Walter Klepetko, Irene Marthe Lang
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is surgically curable by pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). It is unclear whether PEA impacts primarily steady state right ventricular afterload (ie, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)) or pulsatile right ventricular afterload (ie, pulmonary arterial compliance (C<sub>PA</sub>)). Our objectives were to (1) quantify PEA specimens and measure the impact of PEA on PVR and C<sub>PA</sub> in a structure/function study and (2) analyse the effects of haemodynamic changes on long-term survival/freedom of lung transplantation in an outcome study. <h3>Methods</h3> Thrombi were laid out, weighed, photographed and measured. PVR, C<sub>PA</sub> and resistance times compliance (RC-time) were assessed at baseline, within 4 days after PEA (‘immediately postoperative’) and 1 year after PEA, in 110 consecutive patients who were followed for 34.5 (11.9; 78.3) months. <h3>Results</h3> Lengths and numbers of PEA specimen tails were inversely correlated with immediate postoperative PVR (p&lt;0.0001, r=−0.566; p&lt;0.0001, r=−0.580). PVR and C<sub>PA</sub> normalised immediately postoperatively while RC-time remained unchanged. Immediate postoperative PVR was the only predictor of long-term survival/freedom of lung transplantation (p&lt;0.0001). Patients with immediate postoperative PVR&lt;590 dynes.s.cm<sup>−5</sup> had better long-term outcomes than patients with PVR≥590 dynes.s.cm<sup>−5</sup> (p&lt;0.0001, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> PEA immediately decreased PVR and increased C<sub>PA</sub> under a constant RC-time. However, immediate postoperative PVR was the only predictor of long-term survival/freedom of lung transplantation. Our study confirms the importance of a complete, bilateral surgical endarterectomy. Low PVR measured immediately postoperative predicts excellent long-term outcome.
Governments in sub-Saharan Africa need to tackle chronic disease burden
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of deaths from chronic diseases is higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in virtually all other regions of the world, yet far too little attention is paid to the problem, according to a report launched at the London School of Economics (LSE).

The report synthesises key insights from an international conference organised by the British Academy, the Royal Society, and the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences in February 2009 at the British Council in Accra.

Written by LSE health visiting fellow Ama de-Graft Aikins, it provides an overview of multidisciplinary and multi-institutional perspectives, and highlights both challenges and good practices in research, practice, …
The Patient and Diabetes
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: JAMA (1972)

White, black, yellow, mulatto, chicano, Creole—respecter of no race or breed—rich, poor, bourgeois, laborer, banker, professor—no arbiter of caste or class—the genic substrate for the syndrome, diabetes mellitus, has become ubiquitous and in the best of us can be suspected as lying only dormant waiting for the right time—stress, duress, assault, catastrophe, tragedy, holocaust—to precipitate, exacerbate, fly out of control. And now, what infamy, treachery, disaster—accursed gene, source of blight, wrecker of fortunes and families, destroyer of mind and body, warper of life, unsparing of young or old—miserable paradox visited even unto the third generation and after—source of hope, inspiration, intrigue, elan vital for researcher, scientist, clinician who dare to penetrate behind the locked bands of its myth, to tamper with its ways, to bare its merciless bonds, to explain its why and wherefore, to bring relief—perhaps also fame—but relief, succor, aid, help, care, cure, alleviation, remediation, solace, freedom,
A de novo gain-of-function mutation in SCN11A causes loss of pain perception
Authors: Enrico Leipold, Lutz Liebmann, G Christoph Korenke, Theresa Heinrich, Sebastian Gießelmann, Jonathan Baets, Matthias Ebbinghaus, R Oliver Goral, Tommy Stödberg, J Christopher Hennings, Markus Bergmann, Janine Altmüller, Holger Thiele, Andrea Wetzel, Peter Nürnberg, Vincent Timmerman, Peter De Jonghe, Robert Blum, Hans-Georg Schaible, Joachim Weis, Stefan H Heinemann, Christian A Hübner, Ingo Kurth
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Influenza-Associated Deaths among Children in the United States, 2003–2004
Authors: Niranjan Bhat, Jennifer G. Wright, Karen R. Broder, Erin L. Murray, Michael E. Greenberg, Maleeka J. Glover, Anna M. Likos, Drew L. Posey, Alexander Klimov, Stephen E. Lindstrom, Amanda Balish, Marie-jo Medina, Teresa R. Wallis, Jeannette Guarner, Christopher D. Paddock, Wun-Ju Shieh, Sherif R. Zaki, James J. Sejvar, David K. Shay, Scott A. Harper, Nancy J. Cox, Keiji Fukuda, Timothy M. Uyeki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Although influenza is common among children, pediatric mortality related to laboratory-confirmed influenza has not been assessed nationally.During the 2003-2004 influenza season, we requested that state health departments report any death associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a U.S. resident younger than 18 years of age. Case reports, medical records, and autopsy reports were reviewed, and available influenza-virus isolates were analyzed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.One hundred fifty-three influenza-associated deaths among children were reported by 40 state health departments. The median age of the children was three years, and 96 of them (63 percent) were younger than five years old. Forty-seven of the children (31 percent) died outside a hospital setting, and 45 (29 percent) died within three days after the onset of illness. Bacterial coinfections were identified in 24 of the 102 children tested (24 percent). Thirty-three percent of the children had an underlying condition recognized to increase the risk of influenza-related complications, and 20 percent had other chronic conditions; 47 percent had previously been healthy. Chronic neurologic or neuromuscular conditions were present in one third. The mortality rate was highest among children younger than six months of age (0.88 per 100,000 children; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.39 per 100,000).A substantial number of influenza-associated deaths occurred among U.S. children during the 2003-2004 influenza season. High priority should be given to improvements in influenza-vaccine coverage and improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of influenza to reduce childhood mortality from influenza.
Immunosuppression for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: Kevan C. Herold, Arthur H. Rubenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

After repeated demonstrations of the pathogenic role of autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), physicians have turned their attention to treating this disease with immunosuppressive drugs. Recently, interest has centered on the use of cyclosporine to treat IDDM of recent onset. The rationale for its use is the observation that T cells play a central part in the development of IDDM, and that T-cell function is the activity chiefly affected by cyclosporine. In two animal models, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the Bio-Breeding rat, cyclosporine has been found to prevent the development of diabetes, and human studies reported previously . . .
Association of PEEP with two different inflation volumes in ARDS patients: effects on passive lung deflation and alveolar recruitment
Authors: G.-L. Chelucci, J. Dall'Ava-Santucci, J.-F. Dhainaut, A. Chelucci, A. Allegra, A. Lockhart, W. A. Zin, J. Milic-Emili
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)
Outcome and pathologic classification of children and adolescents with mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma treated with FAB/LMB96 mature B-NHL therapy
Authors: Mary Gerrard, Ian M. Waxman, Richard Sposto, Anne Auperin, Sherrie L. Perkins, Stanton Goldman, Lauren Harrison, Ross Pinkerton, Keith McCarthy, Martine Raphael, Catherine Patte, Mitchell S. Cairo
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Contribution of Local Factors to the Elevated Venous Tone of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Robert Zelis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Since the concept of an elevated venous tone in congestive heart failure (CHF) has been recently questioned, the venous volume of the elevated calf at a venous pressure of 30 mm Hg (VV[30]) was determined in 18 normal volunteers (N) and 10 CHF patients with a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge plethysmograph. CHF patients had a significantly lower VV[30] at rest and after intra-arterial phentolamine (2 mg) than normal subjects, suggesting that in these patients a state of peripheral venoconstriction existed (rest-N: 4.63±0.17, CHF: 1.7±0.23 ml/100 ml, P < 0.01; pre- and postphentolamine-N: 4.85±0.21 to 4.95±0.31, CHF: 2.26±0.29 to 2.68±0.38 ml/100 ml, P < 0.01). Of note is that alpha adrenergic blockade failed to increase VV[30] significantly in N, but did increase it in CHF (P < 0.05), suggesting that part of the decreased VV[30] in CHF in due to an augmented sympathoadrenal discharge. When sodium nitrite (30 mg) was given as a single intra-arterial injection before or after phentolamine or when given in four successive doses at 3-min intervals, the VV[30] of CHF patients was never increased to more than 3.62±0.42 ml/100 ml and was always less than N (P < 0.01). Importantly, VV[30] in CHF after these interventions was even significantly less than that of N before intervention (P < 0.05), suggesting that factors other than local active smooth muscle venoconstriction were operative in CHF to lower VV[30]. It is suggested that perhaps clinically undetectable edema and an elevated tissue pressure may account for these differences.
Congenital Right Diaphragmatic Hernia Associated with Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: L. I. Hatherley
Journal: Thorax (1950)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is an uncommon condition, especially when right sided and associated with the tetralogy of Fallot.Either of these conditions may cause cyanosis of the newborn and present difficulties in exact diagnosis.It is well known that the early diagnosis of the tetralogy is often impossible; a cardiac lesion may be suspected, but its exact nature remains obscure. CASE HISTORYThe patient was the first born child to the Italian wife of a white American soldier.The mother, aged 18 years, had enjoyed normal health during pregnancy and had not been in known contact with rubella or influenza.In neither side of the family had a congenital defect been known to occur in previous generations.At birth (31.5.49) the child was noticed to be cyanosed and feeble with rapid, shallow respirations.The right side of the chest failed to move with the left on respiration and the apex beat was shifted to the left.Normal air entry was present on the left and absent on the right side.The heart sounds were clear and of good quality.No murmurs were heard.The abdomen had a hollow appearance, quite unlike the rotund fullness generally seen in the newborn, and on palpation it felt empty.Peristalsis was not heard in the chest or abdomen.Otherwise the child appeared normal and well nourished.A radiograph (Fig. 1) showed that the entire right hemithorax was filled with bowel, both large and small, extending up to the apex of the thoracic cavity.No aerated lung tissue was visible and the mediastinum had a considerable shift to the left.What visible lung tissue there was on the left side appeared normal.The heart shadow was thought to be within normal limits.The abdomen was devoid of shadows other than that of a dilated stomach and part of the large intestine.A massive right diaphragmatic hernia through a postero-lateral hiatus was diagnosed.It was decided to operate as soon as the condition of the child had been improved as far as possible with oxygen and warmth.The operation was started nine hours after birth.Operation.-Theanaesthetic chosen was a combination of ether inhalation and novocaine infiltration, a high oxygen concentration being maintained throughout.The stomach was aspirated continuously.A right Kocher incision was made to approach the diaphragm from below.The peritoneal cavity was empty apart from stomach and pelvic colon stretched taut between rectum and diaphragm.Respiration continued unaided after the abdomen was opened indicating the tightness with which bowel was impacted through the gap in the diaphagm.After introducing air above the obstruction, the bowel was reduced and found to be strangulated.It was dark purple in colour, dull, and the loops distended (despite on August 16,
The Ethics of Using Newly Dead Patients for Teaching and Practicing Intubation Techniques
Authors: J P Orlowski, G A Kanoti, M J Mehlman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

The clinical training of medical students, interns, and residents raises a number of ethical questions. A dilemma faced by all clinical educators is whether to permit a trainee to learn therapeutic and diagnostic procedures by practicing on patients.1 The dilemma lies in the choice between two obligations: to educate health care providers and to protect the physical and psychological integrity of patients.2 The issue of nontherapeutic interventions for training purposes or research in patients who have not given consent raises the most intriguing and controversial ethical questions.3 A common practice is the teaching and practicing of intubation skills on patients . . .