tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blinding in Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters19 June 2001Blinding in Placebo-Controlled TrialsGeorge E. Ehrlich, MDGeorge E. Ehrlich, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19106-3731 (Ehrlich)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial (1) commenting on a controlled study that supported the efficacy of zinc lozenges as treatment for the symptoms of the common cold (2), Dr. Desbiens suggested that the skewed ratios of patients who believed they had received the treatment and those who correctly believed they had received placebo or those who were not sure could have indicated that there were, after all, detectable differences between the two lozenges. But that assumption would be valid only if this had been a crossover study. Because patients taking the lozenges had no comparative factors on which to ...References1. Desbiens NA. Lessons learned from attempts to establish the blind in placebo-controlled trials of zinc for the common cold [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:302-3. [PMID: 10929173] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Prasad AS, Fitzgerald JT, Bao B, Beck FW, Chandrasekar PH. Duration of symptoms and plasma cytokine levels in patients with the common cold treated with zinc acetate. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:245-52. [PMID: 10929163] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George E. Ehrlich, MDAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19106-3731 (Ehrlich) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDuration of Symptoms and Plasma Cytokine Levels in Patients with the Common Cold Treated with Zinc Acetate Ananda S. Prasad , James T. Fitzgerald , Bin Bao , Frances W.J. Beck , and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar Lessons Learned from Attempts To Establish the Blind in Placebo-Controlled Trials of Zinc for the Common Cold Norman A. Desbiens Blinding in Placebo-Controlled Trials Norman A. Desbiens Blinding in Placebo-Controlled Trials Ananda S. Prasad Metrics Cited byReporting quality of sham needles used as controls in acupuncture trials: a methodological evaluation 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: 1150-1151KeywordsCommon coldZinc ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1460: Quantification of circulating tumor cells using multiplexed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles.
Authors: Xu Wang, Ximei Qian, Jonathan J. Beitler, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, Fadlo R. Khuri, Melinda M. Lewis, Hyung J. Shin, Shuming Nie, Dong M. Shin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Detection, quantification, and molecular characterization of CTCs may aid physicians in treatment decision making and optimizing. However, the major challenge in the detection and characterization of CTCs is the lack of a highly specific and sensitive assay to isolate and identify the rare population of CTCs in complex blood samples. Moreover, current approaches for CTC detection including CellSearch (FDA approved CTC detection method) which primarily relays on single biomarker are suboptimal because of tumor heterogeneity. Here we develop a multiplexed single-tube assay for directly detection of CTCs in blood sample using two targeted Surface-Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles. Methods: SERS nanoparticles (60 nm) were prepared by spectral encoding with a Raman reporter molecule (QSY or BHQ) and then stabilized and protected by low molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs). A targeting ligand, epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody, was covalently conjugated to PEG layer of SERS nanoparticle. The functionalized EGF- or EpCAM- SERS nanoparticle was able to identify CTCs in the peripheral blood with high specificity and affinity. Results: We collected and examined fresh blood samples from 20 SCCHN patients with various histologies and successfully detected positive SERS signals that were greater than background in 9 of 12 (75%) of patients. This technique was demonstrated to be capable of identifying rare CTCs by two biomarkers simultaneously, with a range of 5-720 cells per ml of whole blood. Blood samples from 3 normal controls did not show any CTCs. In one patient who had 0 count of CTC detected by EGFR-targeting SERS tag showed 170 CTCs/ml of blood detected by EpCAM-targeting SERS tags. Conclusion: Special design of the two SERS nanoparticles, distinguished with unique spectral signatures and bio-conjugation of EGF or EpCAM antibody as targeting molecule, allowed simultaneous detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or EpCAM on CTCs in one blood sample. Our technique based on two biomarkers rather than those relayed on single biomarker may improve CTC assessment in clinical settings. (This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute award 5 P50 CA128613 and U54CA119338-04). Citation Format: Xu Wang, Ximei Qian, Jonathan J. Beitler, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, Fadlo R. Khuri, Melinda M. Lewis, Hyung J. Shin, Shuming Nie, Dong M. Shin. Quantification of circulating tumor cells using multiplexed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1460. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1460
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN CHROMOSOME 9P21 AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES STUDY
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Lisa Pompeii, Richey Sharrett, Eric Yang, Ariel Brautbar, Nora Franceschini, Kari North, Josef Coresh, Salim Virani, Christie Ballantyne, Eric Boerwinkle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Inhibition of interleukin 1 beta induced rat and human cartilage degradation in vitro by the metalloproteinase inhibitor U27391.
Authors: M P Seed, S Ismaiel, C Y Cheung, T A Thomson, C R Gardner, R M Atkins, C J Elson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Interleukin 1 induced proteoglycan loss from cartilage in vitro was prevented by a biochemical inhibitor of metalloproteinase activity. The inhibitor also partially relieved the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis caused by interleukin 1. The loss of glycosaminoglycan by rat and human femoral head cartilage in response to human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (rhIL-1 beta) was established, and the modulation of this loss by the metalloproteinase inhibitor U27391 was investigated. Rat femoral head cartilage consistently lost glycosaminoglycan in response to rhIL-1 beta whereas only a proportion (30%) of normal human femoral head cartilage did so. Concentrations of 10-100 mumol/l U27391 inhibited the action of rhIL-1 beta on rat femoral head cartilage, reversing both the loss of glycosaminoglycan and the inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis. U27391 also prevented the reduction in glycosaminoglycan content of those human femoral head cartilage explants responsive to rhIL-1 beta. Metalloproteinase inhibition therefore prevents rhIL-1 beta induced glycosaminoglycan loss by rat and human femoral head cartilage, suggesting that inhibitors of such enzymes may prove to be of therapeutic benefit in erosive diseases in humans.
Trial of Whooping-cough Vaccine
Authors: A. M. McFarlan, E. Topley, M. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1945)

00 Jn 1 93 Ot.I 16,l 1943 tol 2nd, and 3rd; middle of July 4 weeks between Juneek6 8 0-S nil. 0 75ml.n1 nl.0-75 ml.3rd and 4th 60,000 March 15
“Normal Laboratory Values” (Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital) in SI Units
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, D.S. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

This compilation of the normal laboratory values used for the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital is presented to familiarize physicians with data in SI units. The data previously published (N Engl J Med 290:39–49, 1974) are compared in traditional and SI units. The increasing acceptance of the SI internationally means that SI units are already used in several foreign publications. It is probable that SI units will also be used, either alone, or in conjunction with traditional units, in some American publications in the near future.The SI, as applied to clinical laboratory data, is still evolving, and . . .
US Congress introduces bill to end free access to federally funded research
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A bill has been introduced in the US Congress that would end free access to the results of published studies funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

The HR 801 bill, entitled the Fair Copyright in Research Works Act, would, if passed, overturn a public access bill that was passed in October 2007 ( BMJ 2007;335:906, doi:10.1136/bmj.39384.638241.DB). This requires researchers to deposit the results of studies with the National Library of Medicine for publication in PubMed Central within a year of publication in a peer reviewed journal. The current …
Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction and Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: PETER C. WITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction and Small-Cell Lung CarcinomaPETER C. WITT, M.D., EAPEN THOMAS, M.D.PETER C. WITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EAPEN THOMAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-476_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We found the article on extrahepatic biliary obstruction caused by small-cell lung cancer, which appeared in the April issue (1), interesting. However, we were surprised by the lack of histologic documentation of the presumed pancreatic metastases. Perhaps a skinny-needle biopsy of the pancreas might have been in order. Also, because partial obstruction to the common bile duct can be caused by small stones not visible on computed tomography or ultrasound scans, endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography would have been valuable.We recently saw a patient with primary small-cell carcinoma of the pancreas associated with the syndrome of...References1. JOHNSONHAINSWORTHGRECO DJF. Extrahepatic biliary obstruction caused by small-cell lung cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:487-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FERLEVENSONCOHENGRECO MRMF. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. In: GRECO FA, OLDHAM RK, BUNN PA, eds. Small Cell Lung Cancer. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1981:301-25. Google Scholar3. CORRIN B. Oat cell carcinoma of the pancreas with ectopic ACTH secretion. Cancer. 1973;31:1523-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HOBBS R. Hypercalcemia in small cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer. 1984;53:1552-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PATCHEFSKY A. Hydroxyindole-producing tumors of the pancreas, carcinoid-islet cell tumor, and oat cell carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:53-61. LinkGoogle Scholar1. JOHNSONGRECO DF. Small cell carcinoma of the lung. Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol. (In press). Google Scholar2. FERLEVENSONCOHENGRECO MRMF. Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma. In: GRECO FA, OLDHAM RK, BUNN PA, eds. Small Cell Lung Cancer. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1981:301-25. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Tennessee State University Quillen-Dishner College of Medicine Johnson City, TN 37614-0002 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOverview of Metastatic Spreading 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 476-476KeywordsBile ductsBiopsyComputed axial tomographyLung and intrathoracic tumorsPancreasUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Incipient and Overt Diabetic Nephropathy in African Americans With NIDDM
Authors: Amita Dasmahapatra, Asha Bale, Maya P Raghuwanshi, Alluru Reddi, William Byrne, Sarah Suarez, Fred Nash, Evelyn Varagiannis, Joan H Skurnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of incipient and overt nephropathy in African-American subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) attending a hospital clinic. Contributory factors, such as blood pressure (BP), duration and age at onset of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and body mass index (BMI) also were evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We recruited 116 African-American subjects with NIDDM for this cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study. BP, BMI, 24-h urine albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, serum creatinine, lipids, and GHb levels were measured. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was calculated, and subjects were divided into three groups: no nephropathy (AER < 20 micrograms/min), incipient nephropathy (AER 20-200 micrograms/min), and overt nephropathy (AER > 200 micrograms/min). Frequency of hypertension and nephropathy was analyzed by chi 2 testing, group means were compared using analysis of variance, and linear correlations were performed between AER and other variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association of these variables while controlling for the effects of other variables. RESULTS--Increased AER was present in 50% of our subjects; 31% had incipient and 19% had overt nephropathy. Hypertension was present in 72.4%; nephropathy, particularly overt nephropathy, was significantly more prevalent in the hypertensive group. Mean BP and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) were higher in the groups with incipient and overt nephropathy, and systolic blood pressure (sBP) was increased in overt nephropathy. Men with either form of nephropathy had higher sBP, dBP, and mean BP, whereas only women with overt nephropathy had increased sBP and mean BP. Subjects with incipient or overt nephropathy had a longer duration of diabetes, and those with overt nephropathy had a younger age at onset of diabetes. By multiple regression analysis, AER correlated with younger age at diabetes onset, but not with diabetes duration. No correlation with age, lipid levels, or GHb was noted. BMI correlated with AER. CONCLUSIONS--Incipient and overt nephropathy were observed frequently in these African-American subjects with NIDDM. Albuminuria correlated with BP, younger age at diabetes onset, and BMI. Association of albuminuria and increased cardiovascular mortality may place 50% of inner-city African-American patients with NIDDM at risk for developing cardiovascular complications.
Patterns of nail matrix and bed of longitudinal melanonychia by intraoperative dermatoscopy
Authors: Sergio Henrique Hirata, Sergio Yamada, Mauro Yoshiaki Enokihara, Nilton Di Chiacchio, Fernando Augusto de Almeida, Milvia Maria S.S. Enokihara, Nilceo Schwery Michalany, Martin Zaiac, Antonella Tosti
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and augments megakaryocyte colony stimulation by interleukin 3.
Authors: B E Robinson, H E McGrath, P J Quesenberry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) has been produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. GM-CSF has an established role as an in vitro regulator of granulocyte and macrophage colony formation. We have determined that rGM-CSF also has intrinsic activity as a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and that rGM-CSF augments the effect of interleukin 3 (IL-3) on megakaryocyte colony formation. The dose-response curve for megakaryocyte colony induction with rGM-CSF showed plateau megakaryocyte stimulation at 9 ng/ml. When IL-3 (at a plateau dose for megakaryocyte colony induction) was added to rGM-CSF over a 0-22-ng/ml dose range, the resultant megakaryocyte colony stimulation approximated the sum of the levels of stimulation produced by either factor alone. These results establish GM-CSF as a multilineage growth factor with definite megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and indicate that both GM-CSF and IL-3 are important in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.
Pustular generalized perforating granuloma annulare
Authors: R. Gamo Villegas, J. Sopena Barona, A. Guerra Tapia, A. Vergara Sanchez, J.L. Rodriguez Peralto, L. Iglesias DIez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

We report a 84‐year‐old man with a 13‐year history of recurrent generalized asymptomatic pustular lesions. Histology revealed areas of necrobiosis surrounded by palisading granulomas and transepidermal and follicular elimination of the necrobiotic material. A dense infiltrate of neutrophils was also found. Although 26% of patients with generalized perforating granuloma annulare have some yellow pustule‐like papules, these correspond histologically to the yellow viscous necrobiotic material extruding through the epidermis and not to a real neutrophilic infiltrate. This is the first case report of perforating granuloma annulare with recurrent generalized pustular lesions with a dense infiltrate of neutrophils.
Globalisation is good for your health, mostly
Authors: R. G A Feachem
Journal: BMJ (2001)

We live in extraordinary times.Since December 1999 in Seattle, every meeting of the leaders of the World Trade Organisation, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the world's richest nations (the G8) has been met by increasingly large and violent demonstrations against global processes that are manifestly beneficial.The protestors comprise such a diverse array of groups and opinions that it is impossible to capture their message in a single phrase (how simple were the anti-Vietnam war protests by comparison).The central theme of the protests is discernible, however, and is something like: "Increasing global economic and social integration is a conspiracy by the rich and powerful to exploit the poor and underprivileged."Beyond this central theme one hears strands that are against capitalism, economic growth, multinational companies, international institutions, and the governments of wealthy countries.Strangely, the protesters are muted or silent in their objection to the corrupt and inefficient governments of some low income countries or to the massive human rights abuses that occur daily in some poorer countries.The protestors are right about two things.Firstly, poverty is indeed the most pressing moral, political, and economic issue of our time.Secondly, the tide of globalisation can be turned back.However, to reverse that tide would be, in the words of an Economist editorial, "an unparalleled catastrophe for the planet's most desperate people and something that could be achieved only by trampling down individual liberty on a daunting scale."Many formal definitions of globalisation have been proposed.I think of it as openness: openness to trade, to ideas, to investment, to people, and to culture.It brings benefits today, as it has for centuries-and it also brings risks and adverse consequences, as it has for centuries.There are three main flaws in the protesters' positions.Firstly, they overlook a substantial body of rigorous evidence on the economic benefits of globalisation.Secondly, they ignore the wider social and political benefits of globalisation.Thirdly, they lack a counter proposal-if not globalisation, then what?
Protein Expression Patterns of Ezrin Are Predictors of Progression in T1G3 Bladder Tumours Treated with Nonmaintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Authors: Joan Palou, Ferrán Algaba, Irene Vera, Oscar Rodriguez, Humberto Villavicencio, Marta Sanchez-Carbayo
Journal: European Urology (2008)
TRIB1 Supports Prostate Tumorigenesis and Tumor-Propagating Cell Survival by Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Expression
Authors: Tetsuo Mashima, Taeko Soma-Nagae, Toshiro Migita, Ryoko Kinoshita, Atsushi Iwamoto, Takeshi Yuasa, Junji Yonese, Yuichi Ishikawa, Hiroyuki Seimiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Endocrine therapy is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer; however, relapse occurs in most patients with few treatment options available after recurrence. To overcome this therapeutic hurdle, the identification of new molecular targets is a critical issue. The capability to proliferate in three-dimensional (3D) conditions is a characteristic property of cancer cells. Therefore, factors that regulate 3D growth are considered rational targets for cancer therapy. Here, we applied a functional genomic approach to the 3D spheroid cell culture model and identified TRIB1, a member of the Trib family of serine/threonine kinase-like proteins, as an essential factor for prostate cancer cell growth and survival. RNAi-mediated silencing of TRIB1 suppressed prostate cancer cell growth selectively under the 3D conditions. This effect was rescued by ectopic expression of an RNAi-resistant TRIB1 exogene. Gene signature–based analysis revealed that TRIB1 was related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways in prostate cancer and was required for expression of the ER chaperone GRP78, which is critical for prostate tumorigenesis. Of note, GRP78 was expressed preferentially in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells that possess tumor-propagating potential, and these tumor-propagating cells were highly sensitive to TRIB1 and GRP78 depletion. In a xenograft model of human prostate cancer, TRIB1 depletion strongly inhibited tumor formation. Supporting these observations, we documented frequent overexpression of TRIB1 in clinical specimens of prostate cancer. Overall, our results indicated that the TRIB1–ER chaperone axis drives prostate tumorigenesis and the survival of the tumor-propagating cells. Cancer Res; 74(17); 4888–97. ©2014 AACR.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: C F Doershuk, R C Stern
Journal: Gut (1994)

Bacterial peritonitis presents with classic symptoms of fever and abdominal pain. Some patients, however, are completely asymptomatic. Death in the short term is considerable, especially in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Cystic fibrosis patients occasionally develop biliary cirrhosis and may have secondary hypersplenism, varices, and ascites. These patients should be at risk for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is described in two patients with longstanding hepatic cirrhosis secondary to cystic fibrosis. Both had required splenectomy for complications of portal hypertension. This is a previously unreported, but potentially fatal, complication of cystic fibrosis liver disease. Early diagnostic paracentesis is essential so that appropriate acute management, including antimicrobial treatment can be started. In the long term, these patients deserve immediate paracentesis for any evidence of recurrence. Whether the patient is treated with chronic (continuous) antimicrobial prophylaxis or only receives antimicrobial treatment during periods when bacteraemia is possible (for example, dental work, bronchoscopy), it would seem reasonable in patients with cystic fibrosis to use a wide spectrum antimicrobial agent with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other common Gram negative organisms, and Staphylococcus aureus.