tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF CANCER
Authors: JOSEPH COLT BLOODGOOD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

We now have evidence to show that the number of cures of cancer can be increased. No one will question that cancer of the lip, tongue, skin, stomach and colon has been cured by radical excision. There was a time in the history of surgery when no such cures had been accomplished. In 1890, Agnew, professor of surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, made the public statement in his surgical clinic that he had never cured a patient of cancer of the breast. Within a few weeks I have seen a patient operated on for cancer of the breast by Dr. Halsted in 1890, who is still living and apparently as free from signs of cancer as a person who had never suffered from that disease. Agnew, who honestly stated that he had never cured cancer, only removed the breast and never operated, except when the signs of cancer were
Understanding Medical Systems
Authors: John C. Peirce
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998Understanding Medical SystemsJohn C. Peirce, MD, MA, MSJohn C. Peirce, MD, MA, MSGood Samaritan Regional Medical Center; Phoenix, AZ 85006Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Nolan [1] argues the importance, if not necessity, of understanding medical systems for improving health care. However, he fails to mention a key characteristic of a successful system, that of learning and adapting to environmental change through innovation. These attributes are essential if we are to achieve our purposes (his principle 1) of reducing waste, error, and unneeded variation and improving outcomes of care. This is at the core of complex adaptive systems based on chaos and complexity theory [2, 3]. I like viewing our system of medical care as a biological system rather than as a ...References1. Nolan TW. Understanding medical systems. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:293-8. Google Scholar2. Stacey RD. Complexity and Creativity in Organization. San Francisco: Berret-Koehler; 1996. Google Scholar3. Casti JL. Would-be Worlds: How Simulation Is Changing the Frontiers of Science. New York: J Wiley; 1997. Google Scholar4. Zuckerman HS, Hilberman DW, Andersen RM, Burns LR, Alexander JA, Torrens P. Physicians and organizations: strange bedfellows or a marriage made in heaven? Frontiers of Health Services Management. 1998; 14:3-34. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John C. Peirce, MD, MA, MSAffiliations: Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center; Phoenix, AZ 85006 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by1,2,5-Thiadiazoles 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9 Page: 753-754 Keywords Brain Complex systems Emergency medicine Health care Neuropsychological testing Population statistics Primary care physicians Systems biology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhibition of p53 Response in Tumor Stroma Improves Efficacy of Anticancer Treatment by Increasing Antiangiogenic Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Mice
Authors: Lyudmila G. Burdelya, Elena A. Komarova, Jason E. Hill, Timothy Browder, Natalia D. Tararova, Lori Mavrakis, Paul E. DiCorleto, Judah Folkman, Andrei V. Gudkov
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Inactivation of p53 function, which frequently occurs in tumors, can significantly modulate tumor cell sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. However, in addition to acting on malignant cells, anticancer agents act on the cells of tumor stroma, causing activation of a p53 response. The effect of this response on treatment outcome has been the subject of the present study. Tumors with p53-deficient stroma were generated using mouse tumorigenic packaging cells that produce a p53 inhibitory retrovirus, encoding a dominant-negative p53 mutant. Tumors maintaining wild-type p53 in their stroma were formed by cells of similar origin but deficient in retroviral production due to the deletion of the packaging signal in the retroviral vector. Comparison of these tumor models, differing only in p53 status of their stromas, showed that tumors with p53-deficient stroma were significantly more sensitive to experimental chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A similar effect was achieved when anticancer treatment was combined with pharmacologic suppression of p53 by the cyclic form of pifithrin α, a small-molecule inhibitor of p53. Potentiation of the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by p53 suppression in the tumor stroma is likely to be due to the increased sensitivity of p53-deficient endothelium to genotoxic stress as shown both in cell culture and in experimental tumors. Thus, reversible pharmacologic suppression of p53 may be a viable approach to improving anticancer treatment via an enhanced antiangiogenic effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(19): 9356-61)
Pancreatin as a source of hospital-acquired salmonellosis.
Authors: H F Frost, G Farkas
Journal: BMJ (1972)

the patient with clear-cut communicating hydrocephalus, the patient with epilepsy, the two patients intoxicated by drugs, the eight depressed patients, and the patient with mania.If we had wished to press the point we might have included 24 other patients in whom the results of investigation could have led to some attempt to treat the patients or their relatives; that is, treatment for the seven hypertensive patients with arteriosclerotic dementia, treatment for the six alcoholics, genetic counselling for the relatives of three patients with Huntington's chorea, symptomatic therapy for the five patients with malignant brain tumours, and even experimental antiviral treatment for the three patients with Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease.-Weare, etc.,
Seventy-two Hours
Authors: Paul Rousseau
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New endoscopic treatment for superficial carcinoma of borderline lesions between the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx.
Authors: Hirofumi Kawakubo, Tai Omori, Rieko Nakamura, Tsunehiro Takahashi, Norihito Wada, Kazuo Koyanagi, Hiroya Takeuchi, Yoshiro Saikawa, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

107 Background: Early diagnosis and early treatment are the best ways to improve cancer patient prognoses. We developed ELPS (endoscopic laryngo-pharyngeal surgery) as an endoscopic treatment for superficial pharyngeal carcinoma. ELPS is transoral endoscopic surgery for laryngeal cancer. After lifting the larynx using the laryngoscope, the endoscopist inserts endoscope and the operator inserts forceps and electric device transorally, and resects superficial phayngeal carcinoma. However, ELPS has not been applied for cervical esophagus carcinoma because of the narrow working space. We developed a hybrid endoscopic surgery (ESD+ELPS) for borderline lesions between the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness and effectiveness of endoscopic treatment for superficial carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Methods: Hybrid endoscopic surgery (ESD and ELPS) was performed on 8 lesions, which involved both the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus. Results: Six of eight patients had esophageal cancer treatments in their past histories, two for ESD, two for esophagectomy and two for chemoradiation. All lesions were completely resected. The complications of this procedure were laryngeal edema for three patients, which required overnight intubation, and stenosis of cervical esophagus for two patients, which required endoscopic dilation more than 10 times. There were no long term complications in all patients. Conclusions: The results indicated the usefulness and effectiveness of hybrid endoscopic treatment (ELPS+ESD) for superficial carcinoma of borderline lesion between the cervical esophagus and hypopharynx.
Sensitivity of two-dimensional echocardiography in the direct visualization of atrial septal defect utilizing the subcostal approach: Experience with 154 patients
Authors: Clarence Shub, I.N. Dimopoulos, James B. Seward, John A. Callahan, Robert G. Tancredi, Thomas T. Schattenberg, Guy S. Reeder, Donald J. Hagler, Abdul J. Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
US spends the most but doesn't get the best results, a comparison of health data shows
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A multinational comparison of health systems data has found that the United States spends more on health care than other countries but often doesn’t get the best results; the United Kingdom comes out in the middle on most measures.

Drs Gerard Anderson and Patricia Marcovich of Johns Hopkins University did the study with funding from the Commonwealth Fund, a non-profit foundation in New York that seeks to improve health care. 

They compared data on healthcare spending and outcomes from nine industrialised countries (the US, Switzerland, Canada, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, the UK, and New Zealand) with the median for the 30 countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The study compares data between 1996 and 2006, the latest year for which data are available.

In 2006, healthcare spending per capita in the US was double that for OECD countries and the UK ($6714 (£4400; €5000), $2880, …
Reverse Transcriptase in Leukocytes of Leukemic Patients in Remission
Authors: Michael V. Viola, Marvin Frazier, Peter H. Wiernik, Kenneth B. McCredie, Sol Spiegelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A cytoplasmic particulate fraction from human leukemic cells has been shown to contain reverse transcriptase and its associated high-molecular weight RHA template. We attempted to detect the reverse-transcriptase-template complex in morphologically normal peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with acute leukemia in complete remission. Our assay system consisted of a velocity glycerol gradient and cesium sulfate equilibrium gradient analysis of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction product. Three of nine patients in remission had positive reactions determined by glycerol gradient analysis, and eight of 10 patients in remission had positive reactions by cesium sulfate gradient analysis. We were unable to detect the template complex in leukocytes of normal persons. Thus, normal-appearing leukocytes in the peripheral blood of some leukemia patients in remission seem to retain a number of biochemical characteristics, possibly viral related, associated with leukemic cells.
Tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant Gram-negative rods.
Authors: F A Drasar, W Farrell, J Maskell, J D Williams
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. Amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Providencia spp, and Citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. Most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from the urine of patients undergoing surgery. Gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against gentamicin-sensitive E coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp were most susceptible to tobramycin.
Relationships between the superior colliculus and hippocampus: Neural and behavioral considerations
Authors: Nigel Foreman, Robin Stevens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1987)

Abstract Theories of superior collicular and hippocampal function have remarkable similarities. Both structures have been repeatedly implicated in spatial and attentional behaviour and in inhibitory control of locomotion. Moreover, they share certain electrophysiological properties in their single unit responses and in the synchronous appearance and disappearance of slow wave activity. Both are phylogenetically old and the colliculus projects strongly to brainstem nuclei instrumental in the generation of theta rhythm in the hippocampal EEC On the other hand, close inspection of behavioural and electrophysiological data reveals disparities. In particular, hippocampal processing mainly concerns stimulus ambiguity, contextual significance, and spatial relations or other subtle, higher order characteristics. This requires the use of largely preprocessed sensory information and mediation of poststimulus investigation. Although collicular activity must also be integrated with that of “higher” centres (probably to a varying degree, depending on the nature of stimuli being processed and the task requirements), its primary role in attention is more “peripheral” and specific in controlling orienting/localisation via eye and body movements toward egocentrically labelled spatial positions. In addition, the colliculus may exert a nonspecific influence in alerting higher centres to the imminence of information potentially worthy of focal attention. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that collicular and hippocampal lesions produce deficits on similar tasks, although the type of deficit is usually different (often opposite) in each case. Functional overlap between hippocampus and colliculus (i.e., strategically synchronised or mutually interdependent activity) is virtually certain vis-à-vis stimulus sampling, for example in the acquisition of information via vibrissal movements and visual scanning. In addition, insofar as stimulus significance is a factor in collicular orienting mechanisms, the hippocampus — cingulate – cortex — colliculus pathway may play a significant role, modulating collicular responsiveness and thus ensuring an attentional strategy appropriate to current requirements (stimulus familiarity, stage of learning). A tentative “reciprocal loop” model is proposed which bridges physiological and behavioural levels of analysis and which would account for the observed degree and nature of functional overlap between the superior colliculus and hippocampus.
Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Jeffrey I. Mechanick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 June 2007Clinical Nutrition in Gastrointestinal DiseaseJeffrey I. Mechanick, MDJeffrey I. Mechanick, MDFrom Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Buchmann A, ed. 672 pages. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2006. $134.95. ISBN 1556426976. Order at www.slackbooks.com.Fields of medicine: Gastroenterology and nutritional medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Gastroenterologists and specialists who encounter nutrition-related disorders.Purpose: To improve the knowledge base for those practicing clinical gastroenterology or other specialties incorporating nutritional problems.Content: Basic principles of nutritional assessment, epidemiology, and physiology of nutrient absorption and utilization are covered early in the book. The book focuses on specific gastrointestinal diseases, critical illness, diabetes, and obesity and includes an extensive section on enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Special attention is given to dietary supplements, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 June 2007Volume 146, Issue 11Page: 828KeywordsFood allergiesMolecular biologyNutrientsNutritionNutritional deficienciesObesityPharmacologySafetySoftware toolsTransplantation ePublished: 5 June 2007 Issue Published: 5 June 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Preoperative thrombocytosis predicts poor survival in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Marc A. Brockmann, Alf Giese, Kathrin Mueller, Finjap janvier Kaba, Frank Lohr, Christel Weiss, Stefan Gottschalk, Ingo Nolte, Jan Leppert, Jochen Tuettenberg, Christoph Groden
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Thrombocytosis, which is defined as a platelet count greater than 400 platelets/nl, has been found to be an independent predictor of shorter survival in various tumors. Release of growth factors from tumors has been proposed to increase platelet counts. Preoperative platelet counts and other clinical and hematological parameters were reviewed from the records of 153 patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2004 with histologically confirmed glioblastoma in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of preoperative thrombocytosis in these patients. The relationship between thrombocytosis and survival was initially analyzed in all patients regardless of further therapy. Univariate log-rank tests showed that the median survival time of 29 patients with preoperative thrombocytosis (19%) was significantly shorter (4 months; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3-6 months) compared to 124 patients with normal platelet counts (11 months; 95% CI, 8-13 months; p = 0.0006). Multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards model) confirmed preoperative platelet count, age, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time to be prognostic factors of survival (all p < 0.05). In a subset of patients (only operated patients with radiation therapy with or without additional chemotherapy), survival was likewise significantly shorter when preoperative thrombocytosis was diagnosed (6 months; 95% CI, 4-12 months) compared to patients with normal platelet count (13 months; 95% CI, 11-15 months; p = 0.0359). In multivariate analysis, age, platelet count, preoperative prothrombin time, and degree of tumor resection retained significance as prognostic factors of survival (all p < 0.05). The results of our study demonstrate preoperative thrombocytosis to be a prognostic factor associated with shorter survival time in patients with glioblastoma.
Reduction in infarct size and enhanced recovery of systolic function after coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator combined with beta-adrenergic blockade with metoprolol.
Authors: F Van de Werf, J Vanhaecke, I K Jang, W Flameng, D Collen, H De Geest
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on the salvage and functional recovery of reperfused myocardium was investigated in anesthetized dogs. Immediately after thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the cardioselective beta-blocking agent metoprolol was given intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg infused over 10 min. One hour after the onset of occlusion, recanalization was initiated by intravenous infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA, 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min). Anatomic infarct size expressed as percent of the left ventricular mass (I/LV), global ejection fraction, and mean systolic shortening of the segmental radii (SS) of the infarcted area were measured either after 24 hr or 1 week in six groups of six dogs each: group I (rt-PA + metoprolol, evaluated at 24 hr), group II (rt-PA + metoprolol, evaluated at 1 week, group III (rt-PA alone, evaluated at 24 hr), group IV (rt-PA alone, evaluated at 1 week), group V (persistent occlusion, evaluated at 24 hr), and group VI (persistent occlusion, evaluated at 1 week). The smallest infarcts were found in reperfused dogs given metoprolol, but the differences from dogs receiving rt-PA alone were not statistically significant (I/LV, expressed as mean +/- SEM: 5.5 +/- 0.9% in group I, 6.7 +/- 1.9% in group II, 15.4 +/- 5.0% in group III, 11.4 +/- 3.5% in group IV, 23.6 +/- 2.5% in group V, and 26.9 +/- 2.3% in group VI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acquired Resistance to Rituximab Is Associated with Chemotherapy Resistance Resulting from Decreased Bax and Bak Expression
Authors: Scott H. Olejniczak, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, James L. Clements, Myron S. Czuczman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Targeting malignant B cells using rituximab (anti-CD20) has improved the efficacy of chemotherapy regimens used to treat patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite the promising clinical results obtained using rituximab, many patients relapse with therapy-resistant disease following rituximab-based treatments. We have created a cell line model of rituximab resistance using three B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma–derived cell lines (Raji, RL, and SUDHL-4). In an attempt to define strategies to overcome rituximab resistance, we sought to determine the chemotherapy sensitivity of our rituximab-resistant cell lines (RRCL). Experimental Design: Parental, rituximab-sensitive cell lines (RSCL) Raji, RL, and SUDHL-4, along with RRCLs derived from them, were exposed to several chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action and the ability of these agents to induce apoptotic cell death was measured. Expression of multidomain Bcl-2 family proteins was studied as potential mediators of chemotherapy/rituximab resistance. Results: We found that RRCLs are resistant to multiple chemotherapeutic agents and have significantly decreased expression of the Bcl-2 family proteins Bax, Bak, and Bcl-2. RRCLs do not undergo rituximab- or chemotherapy-induced apoptosis but die in a caspase-dependent manner when either wild-type Bax or Bak is exogenously expressed. Furthermore, forced expression of Bak sensitized RRCL to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Whereas a single or limited exposure of lymphoma cells to rituximab may lead to a favorable ratio of proapoptotic to antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, repeated exposure to rituximab is associated with a therapy-resistant phenotype via modulation of Bax and Bak expression.