tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benzylpenicillin skin testing is still important in diagnosing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins
Authors: A. Romano, L. Bousquet‐Rouanet, M. Viola, F. Gaeta, P. Demoly, P.‐J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The fact that both Hollister-Stier and Allergopharma ceased the production of penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL) and minor determinant mixture (MDM) in 2004 is severely hampering the diagnosis of beta-lactam hypersensitivity and may produce negative consequences.To assess the contribution of skin testing with benzylpenicillin to the diagnosis of immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity to penicillins, in order to determine how much such testing could compensate for PPL and MDM unavailability.We selected patients with histories of immediate reactions to penicillins and positive results to skin tests for one or more penicillin reagents (PPL, MDM, or benzylpenicillin), one or more semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin, or piperacillin), or both.A total of 300 patients were selected, 105 in the French center and 195 in the Italian centers. Amoxicillin and ampicillin were the main responsible drugs. The most common clinical manifestation was anaphylaxis. The reagents most frequently positive to skin tests were amoxicillin (188, 62.7%), ampicillin (151, 50.3%), and benzylpenicillin (111, 37.0%). Among the 300 subjects, 113 (37.7%) were positive only to semi-synthetic penicillins, 109 (36.3%) to both semi-synthetic penicillins and the classic penicillin reagents, and 78 (26.0%) only to the latter. In the last group, 64 (21.3% of the 300 subjects) were positive only to PPL and/or MDM and 14 (4.7%) to benzylpenicillin, of whom 8 (2.7%) were positive only to the latter.Skin testing with benzylpenicillin can partially compensate for PPL and MDM unavailability. Moreover, it can slightly increase the allergologic workup's sensitivity and therefore reduce the number of potentially dangerous challenges.
738 CORRELATION OF CIRCULATING TLR1 – 10 EXPRESSION WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND RELATED LIVER FAILURE
Authors: K. Wang, H.L. Liu, Y.L. He, T.Y. Chen, F. Ye, J.F. Liu, M. Liu, X.H. Ma, X.J. Hao, S.L. Zhang, Y.R. Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
BRIEF OBJECTIVE MEASURES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MENTAL STATUS IN THE AGED
Authors: ROBERT L. KAHN, ALVIN I. GOLDFARB, MAX POLLACK, ARTHUR PECK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. Data are presented on a random sample of 1,077 persons residing in homes for the aged, nursing homes and state hospitals in New York City, who were 65 years of age or over at the time of first admission. Each person was examined by a psychiatrist using a standard interview technique, and by a psychologist who administered two brief tests: the face-hand test, and a 10-item questionnaire testing orientation and recall of personal and general information. 2. The results of both tests were highly related to psychiatrists' clinical evaluations of the presence and degree of chronic brain syndrome, the presence or absence of psychosis associated with chronic brain syndrome, opinion as to certifiability, and degree of management problem. 3. It is concluded that the face-hand test and the mental status questionnaire are valid measures for the determination of mental status in the aged, particularly for disorders associated with cerebral damage. 4. These tests are considered to have a considerable potential clinical usefulness for rapid screening purposes. They provide an objective basis for uniformity of observation and evaluation by different observers. The brevity and objectivity of these tests make them desirable procedures for research purposes.
Insights into molecular mechanisms contributing to individual susceptibility to steatohepatitis: Lessons learned from mouse models
Authors: Kurt Zatloukal
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Genetic factors impact liver injury susceptibility and disease progression. Prominent histological features of some chronic human liver diseases are hepatocyte ballooning and Mallory-Denk bodies. In mice, these features are induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) in a strain-dependent manner, with the C57BL and C3H strains showing high and low susceptibility, respectively. To identify modifiers of DDC-induced liver injury, we compared C57BL and C3H mice using proteomic, biochemical, and cell biological tools. DDC elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress enzymes preferentially in C57BL livers and isolated hepatocytes. C57BL livers and hepatocytes also manifested significant down-regulation, aggregation, and nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). GAPDH knockdown depleted bioenergetic and antioxidant enzymes and elevated hepatocyte ROS, whereas GAPDH overexpression decreased hepatocyte ROS. On the other hand, C3H livers had higher expression and activity of the energy-generating nucleoside-diphosphate kinase (NDPK), and knockdown of hepatocyte NDPK augmented DDC-induced ROS formation. Consistent with these findings, cirrhotic, but not normal, human livers contained GAPDH aggregates and NDPK complexes. We propose that GAPDH and NDPK are genetic modifiers of murine DDC-induced liver injury and potentially human liver disease.
Psychological and immunological correlates of acute overtraining.
Authors: R W Fry, J R Grove, A R Morton, P M Zeroni, S Gaudieri, D Keast
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Five men undertook two intensive interval training sessions per day for 10 days, followed by 5 days of active recovery. Subjects supplied a venous blood sample and completed a mood-state questionnaire on days 1, 6, 11 and 16 of the study. Performance capabilities were assessed on days 1, 11 and 16 using a timed treadmill test to exhaustion at 18 kmh-1 and 1% grade. These individuals became acutely overtrained as indicated by significant reductions in running performance from day 1 to day 11. The overtrained state was accompanied by severe fatigue, immune system deficits, mood disturbance, physical complaints, sleep difficulties, and reduced appetite. Mood states moved toward baseline during recovery, but feelings of fatigue and immune system deficits persisted throughout the study.
Partner Notification and the Threat of Domestic Violence against Women with HIV Infection
Authors: R L North, K H Rothenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that women constitute the fastest-growing group of people with AIDS in the United States. Women now represent 13 percent of reported cases. Approximately 80,000 women of childbearing age are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and as many as 14,000 women will have been given a diagnosis of AIDS by the end of 19931.Over 70 percent of infected women are from minority groups: 51 percent are black, and almost 20 percent are Hispanic. Intravenous drug use was the mode of transmission in over 50 percent of the cases, . . .
Association of Long vs Standard Detection Intervals for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators With Hospitalizations and Costs
Authors: Alessandro Proclemer, Angel Arenal, Maurizio Lunati, José Bautista Martìnez Ferrer, Ahmad Hersi, Laura Manotta, Maurizio Gasparini
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in reducing sudden and overall mortality is established.1 Recently, an ICD programming strategy that allows delayed detection of arrhythmias was shown to reduce unnecessary and inappropriate therapies.2,3
Effects of Exercise Training on Myocardial Energy Metabolism and Ventricular Function Assessed by Quantitative Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meinrad Beer, Doris Wagner, Jonathan Myers, Jörn Sandstede, Herbert Köstler, Dietbert Hahn, Stefan Neubauer, Paul Dubach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Partial effective times of the forced expiratory spirogram in health and mild airways obstruction.
Authors: J Jordanoglou, G Tatsis, M Veslemes, S Charalampakis, C Hadjistavrou
Journal: Thorax (1980)

The partial effective times of the expiratory spirogram were calculated in 80 normal non-smoking subjects aged from 20 to 69 years and in 30 patients aged from 30 to 58 years with chronic bronchitis. Of these patients, 28 had a normal FEV1/FVC ratio, while the other two had a low ratio. Partial effective times were calculated for 10% segments of the expired FVC from total lung capacity (0% FVC) to residual volume (100% FVC) and became progressively longer after 50% of the FVC had been expired in normal subjects. The elongation to the partial effective times was more pronounced with age. In the patients with simple chronic bronchitis (normal FEV1/FVC ratio) the partial effective times were longer than normal after 50% of the FVC had been expired and after 10% of the FVC had been expired in the two patients with chronic bronchitis and low FEV1/FVC ratio. The partial effective times of the forced expiratory spirogram, especially that at the 80--90% part of the FVC, seem to be very sensitive indices for the early detection of mild airways obstruction.
Clinical efficacy and electrophysiologic effects of encainide in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: E N Prystowsky, G J Klein, R L Rinkenberger, J J Heger, G V Naccarelli, D P Zipes
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We performed electrophysiologic studies in 19 patients with accessory pathways before and during encainide therapy with a mean daily dose of 197 mg. Fourteen patients had manifest accessory atrioventricular connections, and five patients had concealed accessory atrioventricular connections. The patients had recurrent atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia for a mean of 15.8 years and had received a mean of 3.6 drug trials without successful suppression of recurrent arrhythmias. Encainide caused complete antegrade conduction block in the accessory pathway in eight of 14 patients with manifest accessory atrioventricular connections. The shortest atrial pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 conduction over the accessory pathway at control study w3as 328 +/- 66 msec in patients in whom antegrade conduction block occurred, and it was 247 +/- 21 msec (p less than .01) in patients in whom conduction remained during encainide therapy. Retrograde conduction over accessory atrioventricular connections could be evaluated in 14 patients, and complete block occurred in seven patients during encainide therapy. There was no correlation between control retrograde effective refractory period or conduction of the accessory pathway and subsequent development of conduction block with encainide therapy. It should be noted that five patients who developed drug-related retrograde block over the accessory pathway had initial retrograde effective refractory periods for the accessory pathway less than 270 msec. Nineteen patients had atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia initiated at control electrophysiologic study. Encainide prevented induction of tachycardia in 10 patients, and in the other nine patients, cycle length of tachycardia increased during drug treatment from 313.9 +/- 53.1 to 418.3 +/- 80.9 msec (p less than .001), primarily due to an increase in ventriculoatrial conduction time from 162.2 +/- 43.8 to 238.3 +/- 87.9 msec (p less than .01). Fifteen patients continued encainide treatment for a mean of 18 months (range 7 to 38), and all but one patient remain asymptomatic. Encainide is well tolerated and prevents recurrence of reentrant tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome very effectively.
Abstract 1585: Chronic induction of breast cell carcinogenesis by multiple environmental and dietary carcinogens
Authors: Lenora A. Pluchino, Hwa-Chain R. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer, the most common type of cancer among North American and European women, is mostly sporadic and attributable to long-term exposure to small quantities of multiple carcinogens. To understand how multiple carcinogens act together to induce breast cell carcinogenesis, we investigated the activity of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Non-cancerous human breast epithelial MCF10A cells were exposed to NNK, B[a]P, and PhIP sequentially or in combination and then analyzed for the acquisition of cancerous properties/endpoints. Transient endpoints included DNA damage, Ras-Erk-Nox pathway activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation, and increased cell proliferation. Constitutive endpoints included reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage-independent growth, Ras-Erk-Nox pathway activation, and increased ROS and cell proliferation. To detect agents that can intervene with cellular carcinogenesis induced by NNK, B[a]P, and PhIP, we investigated the activity of green tea catechins effective in blocking these cancerous endpoints. Our study revealed, for the first time, that combined NNK and B[a]P enhanced breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by PhIP. Co-exposure was more potent than sequential exposure to induce initiation of cellular carcinogenesis measured by induction of transient endpoints in a single exposure and progression of carcinogenesis measured by cellular acquisition of constitutive endpoints in cumulative exposures. Our study also revealed that combined ECG and EGCG, at non-cytotoxic levels, was more effective than individual agents in intervention of cellular carcinogenesis induced by combined NNK, B[a]P, and PhIP. Thus, co-exposure to NNK, B[a]P, and PhIP should be critically examined in epidemiological studies to reveal the impact of these carcinogens in the development of sporadic breast cancer. Use of combined ECG and EGCG should be seriously considered for chemoprevention of breast cell carcinogenesis associated with long-term exposure to environmental and dietary carcinogens. Citation Format: Lenora A. Pluchino, Hwa-Chain R. Wang. Chronic induction of breast cell carcinogenesis by multiple environmental and dietary carcinogens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1585. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1585
Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients: 10-year surveillance data and snapshot distribution study
Authors: P. Coates, S. Vyakrnam, E.A. Eady, C.E. Jones, J.H. Cove, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Cutaneous propionibacteria are implicated in acne pathogenesis, although their exact role in the genesis of inflammation is still poorly understood. Agents, including antibiotics, that reduce the numbers of propionibacteria on skin are therapeutic. Resistance in the target organism is a well-recognized consequence of antibiotic therapy for acne but formal prevalence and distribution data are lacking.To monitor the prevalence of skin colonization by antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria in acne patients attending the dermatology out-patient clinic at Leeds General Infirmary over a 10-year period beginning in 1991, and to examine the distribution of resistant strains on acne-prone skin and in the nares.Propionibacterial samples were obtained from the skin surface of the worst affected site (usually the face) of 4274 acne patients using a moistened swab. The swab was used to inoculate agar plates with and without selective antibiotics. After anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C for 7 days, the amount of growth in the presence of each antibiotic was scored on a scale from 0 to 5+. A small number of patients (72) were selected for more detailed quantitative sampling at six different sites to examine the distribution of resistant propionibacteria on acne-prone skin and in the anterior nares.The proportion of patients carrying strains resistant to one or more commonly used antiacne antibiotics rose steadily from 34.5% in 1991 to a peak of 64% in 1997. The prevalence dropped to 50.5% during 1999 and then rose again to 55.5% in 2000. Resistance to erythromycin was the most common and the majority of erythromycin-resistant strains were cross-resistant to clindamycin. Resistance to tetracyclines was less common in all years and with little increase over time. The more detailed quantitative study in 72 patients showed that population densities of resistant propionibacteria varied considerably between sites and between individuals. Almost invariably, patients were colonized with resistant strains at multiple sites, including the nares.Skin colonization with antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria is much more common now than a decade ago. Resistant propionibacteria are widely distributed on acne-prone skin and in the nares. This suggests that they will be very difficult to eradicate using existing therapeutic regimens, especially from the nasal reservoir.
Short-Term Treatment with Proton-Pump Inhibitors as a Test for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Mattijs E. Numans, Joseph Lau, Niek J. de Wit, Peter A. Bonis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: A response to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is commonly considered to support the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the accuracy of this diagnostic strategy has not been well established. Objective: To estimate the diagnostic test characteristics of successful PPI treatment with objective measures of GERD by performing a meta-analysis based on the published literature. Data Sources: English-language studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Clinical Trial Register and MEDLINE from 1 January 1980 through 1 July 2003. Study Selection: Studies in which the clinical response to a short course (1 to 4 weeks) of normal- or high-dose PPI therapy could be compared with objective measures of GERD (24-hour pH monitoring, endoscopy findings, symptom questionnaires). Data Extraction: Studies were screened for inclusion by 1 author. Final decisions on exclusion were made by consensus with 2 of the other authors. Two investigators independently extracted the data. Information extracted included patient characteristics, study design, setting, specific type and dose of medication, duration of treatment, and definitions of outcomes. Data Synthesis: Sensitivity and specificity were determined by comparing a clinical response to PPIs with objective measures for GERD. The summary receiver-operating characteristic curve method was used to summarize test characteristics across studies. Sensitivity and specificity were also combined independently by using a random-effects model. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and provided sufficient data. With 24-hour pH monitoring as the reference standard, the positive likelihood ratio ranged from 1.63 to 1.87, and combined estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86) and 0.54 (CI, 0.44 to 0.65), respectively. These values were lower with the other reference standards. Limitations: Data were insufficient to determine the effect of various doses of PPIs and duration of therapy on test characteristics. Conclusion: Successful short-term treatment with a PPI in patients suspected of having GERD does not confidently establish the diagnosis when GERD is defined by currently accepted reference standards.
Overseas registration and seniority payments
Authors: G. J. Drabu
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A. M. Poornan (19 August, p. 500) and G. Murtaza (28 October, p. 239) about the rejection of their claims for seniority allow- ance by the Ministry of Health.The ruling of the Ministry is incompatible with the spirit and principle with which the Review Body introduced this payment.In para.159 of the Report' it states that this payment " will recognize the development of experience in the general practitioner, and will provide him with the prospect of maintaining the level of his remuneration at a time when he may wish with advancing age . . .
Decade-Long Trends in Mortality Among Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus at a Major Academic Medical Center
Authors: Neel M. Butala, Benjamin K. Johnson, James D. Dziura, Jesse S. Reynolds, Thomas J. Balcezak, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Leora I. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The prevalence of diabetes has risen markedly over the past decade and is projected to increase substantially.1 Over 20 percent of hospitalized patients are estimated to have diabetes,2 and individuals with diabetes have historically suffered higher inpatient mortality than individuals without diabetes.3 Over the past decade, evidence from large clinical trials has prompted recommendations for tighter inpatient and outpatient glucose control as well as more stringent blood pressure and lipid management in order to improve outcomes for patients with diabetes.4–6 It is unclear whether the mortality impact of diabetes has changed as a consequence.
Clinical role of a lipid transfer protein that acts as a new apple-specific allergen☆☆☆★
Authors: Elide A. Pastorello, Valerio Pravettoni, Laura Farioli, Marco Ispano, Donatella Fortunato, Mara Monza, Maria Gabriella Giuffrida, Federica Rivolta, Elisabetta Scibola, Raffaella Ansaloni
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Autophagy Protein Rubicon Mediates Phagocytic NADPH Oxidase Activation in Response to Microbial Infection or TLR Stimulation
Authors: Chul-Su Yang, Jong-Soo Lee, Mary Rodgers, Chan-Ki Min, June-Yong Lee, Hee Jin Kim, Kwang-Hoon Lee, Chul-Joong Kim, Byungha Oh, Ebrahim Zandi, Zhenyu Yue, Igor Kramnik, Chengyu Liang, Jae U. Jung
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
A Case of Methyl Chloride Poisoning
Authors: M. M. Macrae
Journal: BMJ (1954)

As stated by Hunter and Wilson (1953) the pigmentation oocurs early in childhood on the lips and buccal mucosa.It may also occur on the digits, though not in the cases here described.Patchy brown pigmentation was present in the umbilical region of Case 1. Papillomata may occur in the stomach, duodenum, small intestine, or colon, but the small intestine is most frequently involved.In Case 2 both small and large intestines were involved.There would appear to be no connexion with congenital polyposis coli, as the finding of polyps in the small intes- tine has never been described in that condition, nor has buccal pigmentation.Case 3 has, as yet, not required surgical intervention, but the association of marked pigmentation of the lips and mouth with frequent attacks of abdominal colic is strong presumptive evidence of the presence of intestinal polyps.A diagnosis of intussusception can be made with con- fidence when there are symptoms of intestinal obstruction and when buccal pigmentation is present.
BLOOD HYPEROSMOLARITY AS A PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: HOW DEHYDRATION AFFECTS THE PROGNOSIS OF OUR PATIENTS
Authors: Sem Briongos-Figuero, Sara Fernandez-Santos, Teresa de la Cal, Asunción Camino, Manuel Jiménez Mena, Jose Zamorano Gomez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)