tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inadequate emergency care
Authors: R Snook
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Inadequate emergency care SIR,-It is interesting that Professor Miles Irving's letter on the closure of the Medical Research Council trauma unit and the revelation that only 0-5% of the MRC budget is spent on trauma research is mirrored by the correspondence on the management of spinal cord injury at the accident.It is no surprise, if so little is spent on trauma research, that so little teaching is given at medical school and therefore that trauma is so often misunderstood.If the mechanism of injury was properly studied and the patterns of injury properly recognised then the management of each case would be self evident and not based on "standard" procedure.Attendance at accidents soon confirms that a much deeper understanding of trauma is required to manage casualties to the highest standard: one cannot just follow rules slavishly, that is what is wrong with much that is written and taught on the subject of trauma.For instance, where else in medicine would one find such meaningless nomenclature as the "whiplash" injury, which completely misrepresents what happens.Moreover, I have even read papers on the cause of road accident injuries in which the author has actually admitted that he has not even looked at the vehicles, only the patients.Professor Irving's revelations now explain why research money is so hard to find, as I can confirm, and why it is so difficult to initiate advancements in managing trauma.The difficulties are to be encountered not only in research, but also at DHSS, regional, and local level in management, education, and clinical practice.Even the ambu- lance service is no exception.Trauma is about young, fit, healthy patients who are damaged, not diseased, and can be repaired to continue a productive, useful, happy life.They
Health check ups in middle age.
Authors: R A Fisken
Journal: BMJ (1991)

his cervical spine suggested an extensive posterior ligament tear with instability at the level of C6-7.His injury was initially treated with a firm polythene neck collar.Subsequent flexion and extension radiographs showed instability with sub- luxation of C6 on C7.This was stabilised by bone grafting and fixation with Halifax hooks.Spinal injuries that result from diving accidents are underreported and not confined to water sports.As noted by Mr Grundy and colleagues, alcohol and bravado compound this problem.Pop events may provide the right ingredients for such accidents to occur.
"OASES IN THE NATIONAL DESERT"
Authors: H. H. Loveland
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your editorial comment inThe Journal, July 20, "Oases in the National Desert" seems especially pat here, as our town has just buried a man who bought six bottles of a beef, iron and wine preparation (19 per cent. alcohol), went up the river with a comrade in a boat and did not return until the river had been dragged for some eight or ten hours. If our government desires to make effective prohibition of alcoholic liquors for conservation of food or other reasons, it would seem that it must take into consideration the "patent medicine" evil.
The Road Less Traveled — Attracting Students to Primary Care
Authors: Ruth-Marie E. Fincher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

At the turn of the 20th century, most physicians in the United States were general practitioners; by the turn of the 21st century, most were subspecialists. Yet primary care continues to play a vital role in health care, and patients want a primary doctor who will provide them with continuous care over the course of their lives. As members of the baby-boom generation age, their need for primary care will increase. They will need comprehensive care for chronic illnesses and will want their primary care physician to provide it, supplemented as necessary by subspecialty care and technology. If the prevailing . . .
Janssen funds networking site to promote better mental health commissioning
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The body that represents the interests of health service providers has joined forces with the drug company Janssen to set up a social networking site to help GPs commissioners “commission mental health services more effectively.”

The network, set up by the NHS Confederation together with Janssen, will be free to join for the first year and will aim to be a forum to share best practice and learn from current mental health services commissioning teams. Regional meetings to “explore how to go about service change” will also be organised.

Alan Cohen, director of primary care at West London Mental Health Trust, had the idea for the network, for which the …
Education and Medical Licensure
Authors: Jackson W. Riddle
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The proposal for federal requirements for licensure and for relicensure of physicians has been incorporated in the various drafts of health manpower legislation for several years. Although many physicians did not become particularly concerned about other provisions in this legislation, the threat of federal licensure and of relicensure by reexamination at six-year intervals evoked an unfavorable reaction little short of unanimous. Many professional organizations and individuals must share in the credit for their efforts toward removal of this unnecessary and unworkable provision. The granting of a license to practice a profession has always been the prerogative of the state; and this is one "state's right" that has been zealously cherished and protected over the years, as exemplified by the fact that most states offered their own state licensing examination in medicine until the last ten years. Gradually the examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) were given broader
Synergistic Effect of the TNF-α -308G/A and CD14 -159T/C Polymorphisms in Predicting Asthma Risk for Young Korean Children with Recurrent Wheezing
Authors: B KIM, S LEE, H KIM, J YU, J KIM, B KIM, M KANG, W CHOI, S JANG, S HONG
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH CYANOCUPROL
Authors: Morisuke Otani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Cyanocuprol is markedly effective in tuberculosis, and we believe that it will play an important part in clinical medicine. It may be used more generally than tuberculin. The amount of the dose is closely related to the reaction and the final results. It should be determined for each patient after a careful examination of his symptoms. The maximum dose of 8.5 cc. should in no case be exceeded. The shortest interval between injections should be 2 weeks. If the drug is given after a shorter interval, no improvement is observed and the effects are sometimes dangerous. In order to obtain the best results the patient should be placed under conditions of complete physical and mental rest after the injection; this applies even to light cases. Care should also be taken to secure rest for the lesion. During the period of the treatment irritants to the lesion, such as potassium iodide or tuberculin, should be avoided; apricot juice, guaiacol and its derivatives, and iodol are contraindicated. No marked idiosyncrasy has been noted and no accumulative effects have been observed.
Lidocaine for Severe Hiccups
Authors: Mordecai N. Dunst, Kim Margolin, David Horak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: The pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of severe hiccups include the use of chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, nifedipine, baclofen, metoclopramide, haloperidol, ketamine, and phe...
EU commissioner says he will tighten laws to make cigarette packs less attractive
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Pressure is growing for cigarettes sold in Europe to be marketed in plain packages. Supporters of the move believe that reducing the perceived glamour and attractiveness of smoking will prevent many young people taking up the habit.

The European Union’s commissioner for public health, John Dalli, has confirmed that he intends to update existing EU legislation on the sale of cigarettes by improving the rules on health warnings and packaging so that people get accurate, effective information about tobacco products.

“Tobacco packages should look dissuasive, not appealing. When people look at a package of cigarettes, they need …
Enhancing sensitivity to base-rates: Natural frequencies are not enough
Authors: Edmund Fantino, Stephanie Stolarz-Fantino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract We present evidence supporting the target article's assertion that while the presentation of base-rate information in a natural frequency format can be helpful in enhancing sensitivity to base rates, method of presentation is not a panacea. Indeed, we review studies demonstrating that when subjects directly experience base rates as natural frequencies in a trial-by-trial setting, they evince large base-rate neglect.
Estimation of portosystemic shunt volume after tips by intravascular ultrasound
Authors: M. Plauth, U. Wruck, P. Romaniuk, B. Sha'ath, J. Brockmöller, A. Johne, A.-E. Roske, T. Schütz, W. Wermke, H. Lochs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Abstract LB-69: Rab11 mediated focal adhesion turnover in sarcoma cell migration
Authors: Ling-Yi Kao, Yi-Che Wu, Wei-Ting Chao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cell migration is central for many physiological and pathological processes, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, inflammatory responses, and cancer metastasis. Focal adhesion (FA) turnover has been demonstrated to play important role in controlling cell migration. Recently, FA disassembly was shown to be regulated by endocytosis during cell migration. Rabs are GTPase proteins that participate in various cellular vesicle transports; however, whether Rab proteins play the role in mediating vesicle transport for FA formation is not clear. This study is examining whether Rab11 mediated endosome recycling regulates FA formation during cell migration. Rab11 Wild-type, dominant negative or shRNA were transfected into human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, the cell motility was determined by trans-well assay and random migration assay, the localization of Rab11 and focal adhesion molecules were monitored by confocal microscopy. Results showed the Rab11 dominant negative form or shRNA transfection inhibited chemoattractive cell migration, however, only the Rab11 shRNA transfection inhibited random cell migration. Rab11 was also found colocalized with recycled β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase and affected focal adhesion formation. Taken together, the results suggested Rab11 affected cell migration by regulating FAK dynamics and the activity of Rab11 is required for external stimulation. The interaction of Rab11 with associated focal adhesion molecules will be further investigated. Citation Format: Ling-Yi Kao, Yi-Che Wu, Wei-Ting Chao. Rab11 mediated focal adhesion turnover in sarcoma cell migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-69. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-69
Prognosis of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Andrew Wilner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This 714-page multiauthored textbook comprehensively addresses the issue of prognosis in neurological disease. The first three chapters scrutinize the very concept of prognosis. One must consistently define "success" in order to compare similar outcome studies. Psychosocial factors can affect recovery. Earlier diagnosis of more mild disease may result in "lead time bias," producing the illusion that therapeutic advances are occurring, when in fact patients only appear to live longer because they were diagnosed earlier. With the reader thus forewarned, the rest of the volume systematically explores the prognosis of all common neurological disorders. When I was an internal medicine resident, the standing gibe about our neurological consultants was that they had fancy names for diseases but didn't change the prognosis. Data collected in this volume illustrate the areas in which neurologists do make a difference. For example, medical therapy for transient ischemic attack decreases the incidence of stroke by 20%
In-flight Medical Emergencies-Reply
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  Nicoll and Edge raise critical issues about in-flight medical emergencies. These issues have received attention in both medical 1-3 and lay publications ( Los Angeles Times , April 1, 1988, View Section, D, pp 1-2; and New York Times , Oct 9, 1988, Section XX, p 3). Actual death during air travel is extremely rare, approximately one death per 3.2 million passengers. 4 How often do severe emergencies, as described by Nicoll and Edge, occur? What can be done to assist extremely ill patients during flight? Who bears responsibility for the care of in-flight medical emergencies? Airline officials claim that in-flight emergencies and deaths seldom occur. If they do, emergency help can be obtained within 30 minutes by a priority landing. On long, overseas flights, physicians usually are available ( Los Angeles Times , April 1,1988, View Section, D, pp 1-2; and New York Times , Oct 9, 1988, Section XX, p 3).
The differential effects of aligned electrospun PHBHHx fibers on adipogenic and osteogenic potential of MSCs through the regulation of PPARγ signaling
Authors: Yang Wang, Rui Gao, Pei-Pei Wang, Jia Jian, Xian-Li Jiang, Chao Yan, Xiao Lin, Li Wu, Guo-Qiang Chen, Qiong Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Epidemiology of Lead Toxicity in Adults: Measuring Dose and Consideration of Other Methodologic Issues
Authors: Howard Hu, Regina Shih, Stephen Rothenberg, Brian S. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

We review several issues of broad relevance to the interpretation of epidemiologic evidence concerning the toxicity of lead in adults, particularly regarding cognitive function and the cardiovascular system, which are the subjects of two systematic reviews that are also part of this mini-monograph. Chief among the recent developments in methodologic advances has been the refinement of concepts and methods for measuring individual lead dose in terms of appreciating distinctions between recent versus cumulative doses and the use of biological markers to measure these parameters in epidemiologic studies of chronic disease. Attention is focused particularly on bone lead levels measured by K-shell X-ray fluorescence as a relatively new biological marker of cumulative dose that has been used in many recent epidemiologic studies to generate insights into lead's impact on cognition and risk of hypertension, as well as the alternative method of estimating cumulative dose using available repeated measures of blood lead to calculate an individual's cumulative blood lead index. We review the relevance and interpretation of these lead biomarkers in the context of the toxico-kinetics of lead. In addition, we also discuss methodologic challenges that arise in studies of occupationally and environmentally exposed subjects and those concerning race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status and other important covariates.
The Fall and Rise of US Inequities in Premature Mortality: 1960–2002
Authors: Nancy Krieger, David H Rehkopf, Jarvis T Chen, Pamela D Waterman, Enrico Marcelli, Malinda Kennedy
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Debates exist as to whether, as overall population health improves, the absolute and relative magnitude of income- and race/ethnicity-related health disparities necessarily increase-or decrease. We accordingly decided to test the hypothesis that health inequities widen-or shrink-in a context of declining mortality rates, by examining annual US mortality data over a 42 year period.
Effects of Fluvastatin on the Carotid Arterial Media as Assessed by Integrated Backscatter Ultrasound Compared With Pulse-Wave Velocity
Authors: Haruko Yokoyama, Masanori Kawasaki, Yoko Ito, Shinya Minatoguchi, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Hemangioendothelioma of the Heart
Authors: Donald S. Robinson, P. B. Machanic
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE HEART is an uncommon site of primary tumor involvement.<sup>1-3</sup>Prichard<sup>3</sup>notes that metastases to the heart occur 20 to 40 times as frequently as primary neoplasms. Of the latter, primary benign tumors have been shown to be more than three times as common as primary sarcomas. Comprehensive studies<sup>1</sup>show malignant hemangioendotheliomas to be among the least common of the cardiac sarcomas. Only six cases<sup>1,2,4</sup>of this primary cardiac malignancy were found reported in the literature, excluding those in which the malignancy originated in the pericardium. In the following case of primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the heart, the tumor apparently originated in the right atrium, a common site of cardiac sarcomas.<sup>1</sup> The presenting symptoms and subsequent course, which were similar to those noted in other reported primary cardiac neoplasms, demonstrate the difficulty in diagnosing this lesion. Radiologic studies, including radioisotope heart scanning were grossly abnormal
Phase I Study of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Given Subcutaneously to Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Mucocutaneous Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: P. S. Gill, T. McLaughlin, B. M. Espina, A. Tulpule, S. Louie, Y. Lunardi-Iskandar, R. C. Gallo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

Background:In vitro and in vivo clinical studies have shown that certain preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin have antitumor activity against Kaposi's sarcoma, the most common tumor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Methods: A phase I trial was conducted in 18 male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Successive cohorts of six patients each received human chorionic gonadotropin (A.P.L.; Wyeth-Ayerst, Radnor, PA) subcutaneously at doses of 5000 IU daily (level I), 10 000 IU three times a week (level II), or 10 000 IU daily (level III). Toxic effects, changes in reproductive hormone levels, HIV-1 RNA plasma levels, and response to therapy were evaluated. Results: A.P.L. treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels, and no maximum-tolerated, dosedefined toxic effects were observed at the highest dose tested. The most common side effects were weight gain, increased libido, and increased energy. A persistent increase in testosterone level and a persistent decline in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were seen over time. Major responses were observed in six patients. Partial remissions (⩾50% decrease in lesion numbers, volume, or surface area) were observed at dose level I and dose level II (two patients each); biopsy-confirmed complete remissions (resolution of all lesions) were observed at dose level III (two patients). All but one major response have persisted from 207 to more than 515 days. Nine patients had stable disease lasting 10 weeks or longer. Conclusions: A.P.L. given at daily doses ranging from 5000 to 10 000 IU has antitumor activity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma. A.P.L. can be given for more than 1 year with minimal side effects. Larger efficacy studies are warranted.
Increase of asthma in adults in northern Finland?– a report from the FinEsS study
Authors: J‐T. Kotaniemi, B. Lundbäck, M. M. Nieminen, A. R. A. Sovijärvi, L. A. Laitinen
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: According to previous studies, the prevalence of asthma has been lower in Finland than in other Nordic countries. In the present study, we assessed the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in northern Finland and calculated risk factors for these conditions. Methods: In November 1995, 7937 randomly selected subjects, 20‐69 years of age, in northern Finland were invited to participate in a postal questionnaire survey. Complete answers were received from 6633 subjects (83.6%). Results: Asthma diagnosed by a physician was reported by 6.0%, while 6.3% were using asthma medicines. Asthma was most common in young adults and the elderly. The prevalence of wheezing during the previous 12 months was reported by 19.7%, while wheezing with shortness of breath apart form colds during the previous 12 months was reported by 7.1%. Only small differences between the sexes were found in prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms. All symptoms were strongly smoking‐dependent. Sixty‐three percent of men and 42% of women were current or ex‐smokers. Family history of obstructive airway disease was the strongest risk factor for asthma (OR 2.9), while increasing age, smoking, and family history of obstructive airway disease were the most important risk factors for frequent wheeze. Conclusions: The results indicate that the prevalence of asthma and symptoms associated with asthma in adults in northern Finland is now similar to that observed in Sweden and the other Nordic countries.
INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CARE OF THE HOSPITAL PATIENT
Authors: HENRY A. CHRISTIAN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Changing conditions and methods of medical work may necessitate readjustments of the relationship that exists between the physician or surgeon and his patient. Group methods have entered medical practice. Complexity in the technic used in diagnosis and treatment has been one of the causes of the development of these group methods. It is hardly possible for the single individual any longer to do with his own hands all the things needed for the diagnosis and treatment of the individual patient with anything other than a very simple malady, and it is increasingly difficult for him to possess the desirable range of knowledge of medicine to handle alone complicated cases. This is recognized in all varieties of practice by the calling in of consultants, by the utilization of such special methods of diagnosis as the roentgen ray, the determination of a Wassermann reaction and many others, of which these two may
Donor-Type Microchimerism Associated with Graft Rejection Eight Years after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hans J. Schlitt, Joachim Hundrieser, Burckhardt Ringe, Rudolf Pichlmayr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Transplantation of solid-organ allografts can induce long-term donor-type microchimerism1 by migration of passenger mononuclear cells2,3. So far, microchimerism has been described only in immunologically stable patients after liver or kidney transplantation4. An association between persistent chimerism and graft acceptance has been suggested. We describe persistent donor-type microchimerism in a patient with therapy-resistant graft rejection late after liver transplantation. In December 1984 a 17-year-old boy (HLA-A1,11; B7,8; Cw7; DRw15,w17) received a liver transplant (Donor 1: HLA-A1,25; B18,w52; DR1,4) for end-stage primary sclerosing cholangitis. After an early episode of rejection that responded to steroids, he had . . .
The effect of antiviral therapy on HCV genotype
Authors: V TEDESCHI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily which negatively regulates growth of muscle tissue. In this study, 103 cultivated Chlamys farreri individuals were screened for polymorphisms in the MSTN gene using PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods. Two mutations were found: A/G at position 327 in exon 2, which caused an amino acid change from Thr to Ala (Thr305Ala), and C/T at position 289 in exon 3, which caused an amino acid change from Cys to Arg (Cys422Arg). One way ANOVA of the SNPs and growth traits showed that genotype GG of primer M5 had significantly higher body mass, soft-tissue mass, adductor muscle mass, shell length, shell height, absolute growth rate of shell height and body mass than those of genotype AG and AA (P < 0.05). Genotype frequencies of genotype AA, AG and GG were 68.94%, 27.18% and 3.88%, respectively. The results present evidence that the C. farreri MSTN gene may be selected as a candidate gene for these growth traits.