tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of human vascular smooth muscle cells: induction of VCAM-1 but no proliferation
Authors: C Lawson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule expressed by several cell types, including proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Cross-linking ICAM-1 on the surface of different cell types has previously been shown to cause an increase in cellular activation within the cytoplasm. Here, our objective was to examine events following ligation of ICAM-1 on the surface of human VSMC. Methods: VSMC were isolated by explant from human pulmonary arteries or aortic tissue from cardiac transplant donors. ICAM-1 was ligated with monoclonal antibodies, followed by cross-linking with a secondary antibody. Activation of signalling pathways, proliferation and expression of a second adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were investigated. Results: ICAM-1 cross-linking caused an increase in activation of extracellular regulated kinase (Erk)-1/-2 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-1/-2. mRNA and protein for VCAM-1 was observed after ICAM-1 cross-linking, and this was abrogated by addition of an upstream inhibitor of Erk-1/-2, PD98059. No increase in cell proliferation was observed. Conclusions: Ligation of ICAM-1 on the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, leads to the expression of adhesion molecules associated with monocyte infiltration, but does not contribute to smooth muscle cell proliferation. In vivo, this might lead to prolongation of the inflammatory response within diseased blood vessels, by arresting monocytes within atherosclerotic plaques.
Case 28-1969
Authors: Alfred Kranes, Walter G.J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of CaseA twenty-year-old woman entered the hospital because of fever and malaise.Ten days previously she was admitted to the hospital for observation after an automobile accident. She was unconscious for a brief period. X-ray films of the chest, abdomen and skull were normal. After discharge on the following day a persistent low-grade fever developed. She was readmitted for three days; culture of the urine grew out Proteus mirabilis. During the three days before entry she had chills, malaise and headaches, with a rise of the temperature to 106°F.Two years before admission she had had infectious mononucleosis. . . .
Androgen and estrogen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and in the surrounding noncancerous liver tissue
Authors: Shin Ohnishi, Tohru Murakami, Takashi Moriyama, Keiji Mitamura, Michio Imawari
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Both androgen and estrogen receptors were studied in human hepatocellular carcinoma and noncancerous liver tissue surrounding it. Androgen receptor was detected in the cytosol and/or nucleosol of 4 of 8 cancerous tissues and 1 of 6 noncancerous tissues. The levels of androgen receptor in hepatocellular carcinomas ranged from 3.4 to 37.6 fmoles per mg protein with dissociation constants (K d ) of 0.226 − 51.3×10 −9 M . That in the surrounding noncancerous tissue was 2.1 fmoles per mg protein with K d of 0.941×10 −9 M . Estrogen receptor was detected in the cytosol of 1 of 7 cancerous tissues, while it was detected in the cytosol and/or nucleosol of 3 of 7 noncancerous tissues. The level of estrogen receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma was 4.9 fmoles per mg protein with K d of 1.20×10 −9 M , and those in the surrounding noncancerous tissues ranged from 2.6 to 1,073 fmoles per mg protein with K d of 0.223 − 3.15×10 −9 M . The results suggest that the expression of androgen receptor may be augmented in association with malignant transformation of hepatocytes while the expression of estrogen receptor may be rather suppressed and that some of hepatocellular carcinomas may be androgen-dependent.
Lithium--A Special Clinic?
Authors: R. J. Kerry
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<b>Introduction:</b> The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure has increased over the past years and growing evidence of its effectiveness has now led to more patients receiving NIV in a non-critical care setting<sup>1</sup>. Variability of NIV practice is a known issue and adherence to standards is vital. <b>Aim:</b> To evaluate patient outcome and local adherence to guidelines in patients receiving NIV. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective review of data collected between January 2014-January 2015, including NIV indications,length of stay and outcome. <b>Results:</b> A total of 99 patients received NIV with a mean of age of 67 years. Indications for acute NIV were COPD (46%), obesity-hypoventilation (17%), pulmonary oedema (10%) and neuromuscular disorders (3%). The chest X-Ray demonstrated consolidation in 36% of cases. The median pH at initiation of treatment was 7.23 and average NIV pressures used were IPAP/EPAP 18.4 /6.1 cm H2O. In 81% of cases NIV was successful in comparison to 66% reported by BTS with hospital mortality of 12% in comparison to 34%<sup>2</sup>. The hospital stay was 12 days versus 9 days, in concordance with a higher ITU admission rate of 5% vs 3%. In terms of escalation of care, 65% of cases had recorded decisions. <b>Conclusions:</b> The benefits of NIV were illustrated by a notable success rate of 81% and a hospital mortality of 12%. This study led to the development of a new Trust guideline and a community COPD pathway to support early patient discharge. 1. Roberts CM et al. National Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Resources and Outcomes Project implementation group. Thorax. 2011;66:43–8. 2. British Thoracic Society. Non invasive ventilation guidelines and report for 2014-2015.
The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 1: Dimensions of Behavior; The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 2: The Behavioral and Social Sciences and the Practice of Medicine; The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 3: Basic Psychopathology; The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 4: Clinical Psychopathology; The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 5: Psychiatric Clinical Skills in Medical Practice; The Psychiatric Foundations of Medicine, Vol. 6: Psychiatric …
Authors: PAUL J. BARREIRA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)
Abstract 4314: Dynamin 2 mediates PDGFRα-SHP-2-promoted glioblastoma growth and invasion
Authors: Haizhong Feng, Ping Guo, Kun-wei Liu, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Peng Zhang, Bo Hu, Tao Cheng, Mark A. McNiven, Gibbes R. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Dynamin 2 (Dyn2), a large GTPase, is involved in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-promoted cell migration. However, molecular mechanisms by which Dyn2 regulates RTK-induced cell migration have not been established. Recently we reported that SHP-2 and PI3K mediate PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-promoted glioma tumor growth and invasion. Here, we show that Dyn2 is an effector downstream of the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-PI3K/SHP-2 signaling in glioma cells. Depletion of endogenous Dyn2 by shRNAs inhibited PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2, Rac1 and Cdc42 activities, glioma cell migration and survival in vitro, tumor growth and invasion in the brains of mice. Dyn2 binds to SHP-2, PI3K and co-localizes with PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]] at the invasive fronts in PDGF-A-stimulated glioma cells. Inhibition of SHP-2 by siRNA knockdown abrogated Dyn2 association with activated PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]] and PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]] activation of Rac1 and Cdc42, glioma cell migration, thereby establishing a link between SHP-2 interaction with Dyn2 and the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]] signaling. Furthermore, a dominant negative SHP-2 C459S mutant inhibited PDGF-A-stimulated glioma cell migration, phosphorylation of Dyn2 and concomitantly blocked PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-induced Src activation. Inhibition of Src by Src inhibitors attenuated PDGF-A-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and Dyn2 and glioma cell migration. Additionally, mutations of binding sites to PI3K, SHP-2 or Src of PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]] impaired PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and Dyn2, and Dyn2 association with activated PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]. Taken together, this study identifies Dyn2 as an effector that mediates PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-SHP-2-induced glioma tumor growth and invasion, suggesting that targeting the PDGFR[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#945;]]-SHP-2-Dyn2 pathway may be beneficial to patients with malignant glioblastomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4314. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4314
Deep endometriosis infiltrating the recto-sigmoid: critical factors to consider before management
Authors: M. S. Abrao, F. Petraglia, T. Falcone, J. Keckstein, Y. Osuga, C. Chapron
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)

BACKGROUNDDeep endometriosis invading the bowel constitutes a major challenge for the gynecologist. In addition to the greater impact on pain, the high incidence of surgical morbidity involved with bowel endometriosis poses a therapeutic dilemma for the surgeon. Intestinal involvement by deep endometriotic nodules has been estimated to occur in 8–12% of women with endometriosis. Individual and clinical factors, pre-operative morphologic characteristics from imaging, surgical considerations and impact on quality of life are critical variables that should be considered in determining the best therapeutic strategy for a patient with deep endometriosis involving the sigmoid and/or the rectum. Pre-operative planning is fundamental for defining the optimal therapeutic strategy; patient counseling of treatment options, and when surgery is indicated, involvement of a multidisciplinary surgical team is required.
Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: Z H Zaidi
Journal: BMJ (1975)

protracted and symptoms are relieved within half an hour of receiving glucose.2On the other hand, in a study of normal children (5 to 15 years of age) as little as 2 5 mg of glibenclamide produced a marked decrease in blood sugar with lower than normal blood sugar values persisting for more than six hours (six hours being the total investigation time).3In our patient there appeared to be a prolonged hypoglycaemic effect lasting 48-72 hours.Moreover, we can only conclude that the hypoglycaemia has caused per- manent cerebral damage with epilepsy.Mental retardation cannot be excluded.-Weare, etc.,
Bacterial contamination of the small intestine of infants with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and other enteric infections: a factor in the aetiology of persistent diarrhoea?
Authors: M E Penny, D G Harendra de Silva, A S McNeish
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The duodenal microflora was studied during the first week of diarrhoea in 40 infants with acute infectious diarrhoea of different aetiologies and compared with that in a convalescent group and a group in whom diarrhoea of known aetiology had persisted for more than 14 days after an acute onset. In the acute phase 16 of the 40 infants had more than 10(4) colony forming bacteria/ml, predominantly upper respiratory commensals. In over half of the infants infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli a faecal type flora was found in the duodenum. This flora included the enteropathogenic E coli serotype isolated from the stool in three quarters of cases. Infants with persisting diarrhoea had significantly more faecal type bacteria in the duodenum than either those with acute diarrhoea or the convalescent group. In addition, there was a significant further increase in Enterobacteriaceae in infants whose persistent diarrhoea occurred after infection with enteropathogenic E coli. Infections with enteropathogenic E coli may have a predilection for disturbing the duodenal microflora, which may contribute to the development of persistent diarrhoea.
Ischemia-Reperfusion of Rat Myocardium Activates Nuclear Factor-κB and Induces Neutrophil Infiltration Via Lipopolysaccharide-Induced CXC Chemokine
Authors: Bysani Chandrasekar, Jeffrey B. Smith, Gregory L. Freeman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Mechanisms by which neutrophils are attracted to the myocardium in ischemia/reperfusion are not fully defined. Lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) are rodent chemokines with potent neutrophil-chemotactic activity. The goals of the present study were to evaluate the roles of these chemokines in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion and to examine the mechanisms of chemokine induction by oxidative stress and cytokines in cultured cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results —Male Wistar-Kyoto rats underwent 45 minutes of ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion for various periods. Compared with sham-operated controls, myocardium from reperfused animals had higher levels of free radicals, increased neutrophil infiltration evidenced histologically and by elevated myeloperoxidase activity, and increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB DNA binding activity. Ischemia-reperfusion also induced the expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, LIX, KC, and MIP-2 mRNA and protein. LIX expression was localized to resident myocardial cells, whereas KC and MIP-2 were expressed only in infiltrating inflammatory cells. Neutralization of LIX inhibited 79% of neutrophil infiltration into previously ischemic myocardium. In contrast, neutralization of KC and MIP-2 reduced neutrophil infiltration by only 28% and 37%, respectively. In cultured cardiomyocytes, LIX expression was induced by oxidative stress or TNF-α and was blocked by the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Conclusions —LIX is expressed by resident myocardial cells during ischemia-reperfusion and is induced in cultured cardiomyocytes by oxidative stress or TNF-α via NF-κB activation. Although KC and MIP-2 are expressed by inflammatory cells infiltrating the myocardium during reperfusion after ischemia, neutrophil recruitment to reperfused rat myocardium is mainly due to cardiomyocyte expression of LIX.
Glycemic Index of Foods in Individual Subjects
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever, David J A Jenkins, Vladimir Vuksan, Robert G Josse, Gerald S Wong, Alexandra L Jenkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We studied 12 subjects with diabetes to determine how well the glycemic index (Gl) predicted the ranking of glycemic responses of different foods in individuals. All subjects ate three mixed meals (bread, rice, or spaghetti with GIs of 100, 79, and 61, respectively) four times in a randomized complete block design. The mean glycemic response areas of the different meals ranked according to the predicted Gl in every individual. The observed mean ± SD Gl values of the meals were significantly different from each other (bread 100 ± 7, rice 75 ± 9, spaghetti 54 ± 9), with no significant difference in response between subjects. It is concluded that individuals share common mean Gl values for different foods. Within confidence limits determined by the variability of glycemic responses, the number of repeated tests conducted, and the expected Gl difference, the Gl can be used to predict the ranking of the mean glycemic responses of mixed meals taken by individuals.
Waiting list dynamics and the impact of earmarked funding
Authors: J. N Newton, J. Henderson, M. J Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine how changes in the number of admissions from waiting lists and changes in the number of additions to the lists are related to list size and waiting times, in the context of local waiting list initiatives. <b>Design</b>: Review of national and Korner statistics. <b>Setting</b>: England (1987-94) and districts of the former Oxford region (1987-91). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Correlation of quarterly changes in the number of admissions from waiting lists in England with changes in total list size, numbers of patients waiting one to two, or over two years, and number of additions to the lists; examination of changes in waiting list statistics for individual district specialties in one region in relation to funding for waiting list initiatives. <b>Results</b>: Nationally, changes in the number of admissions to hospital from lists closely correlated with changes in the number of additions to lists (r=0.84; P&lt;0.01). After adjusting for changes in the number of additions to lists, changes in the number of admissions correlated inversely with changes in list size (r=-0.62; P&lt;0.001). Decreases in the number of patients waiting from one to two years were significantly associated with increases in the number of admissions (r=-0.52; P&lt;0.01); locally, only six of 44 waiting list initiatives were followed by an increase in admissions and a fall in list size, although a further 11 were followed by a fall in list size without a corresponding increase in admissions. <b>Conclusions</b>: An increase in admissions improved waiting times but did not reduce list size because additions to the list tended to increase at the same time. The appropriateness of waiting list initiatives as a method of funding elective surgery should be reviewed.
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer in Germany: A Study Using Digital Rectal Examination and 4.0 ng&amp;sol;ml Prostate&amp;ndash;Specific Antigen as Cutoff
Authors: Hans-Joachim Luboldt, Axel Bex, Andreas Swoboda, Johannes H&uuml;sing, Herbert R&uuml;bben
Journal: European Urology (2001)
The renaissance of C reactive protein
Authors: M. B Pepys
Journal: BMJ (2001)

C reactive protein (CRP) has traditionally been used as an acute phase marker of tissue injury, infection, and inflammation, but the use of high sensitivity assays has recently shown that increased C reactive protein values predict future cardiovascular disease.

The C reactive protein response has no diagnostic specificity, but serial measurements can be helpful in clinical management. It is a powerful screening test for organic disease and is useful in monitoring known infectious or inflammatory diseases and their response to treatment.1 Although a high value is unequivocal evidence of tissue damaging disease, C reactive protein values (unlike most other clinical laboratory tests) can really only be interpreted when all other clinical and laboratory information is available. Nevertheless, serial measurements of C reactive protein, added to the full clinical picture, contribute usefully to diagnosis, prognosis, and management.1

C reactive protein is a trace protein in healthy subjects, with a median concentration of around 1 mg/l, but values can exceed 400 mg/l in the acute phase response. Routine applications in adult medicine require measurement above 5-10 mg/l, but the development of high sensitivity assays …
THALLIUM ACETATE IN TREATMENT OF RINGWORM OF THE SCALP: A STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF SUBSEQUENT NUTRITION
Authors: G. H. Percival
Journal: BMJ (1931)

MTHEBRITIS 575 either condition; izal is better under the former, and monsol under the latter.These germicides are less poisonous than lysol and less irritating to the skin, despite their much greater efficiency.They can, how- ever, presumably be irritating in the vagina, since the strengths recommended for use are respectively 1 in 600, 1 in 600, and 1 in 500 (increased).Even in these weak dilutions there is a clear margin of safety.
Usefulness of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man in Clinical Practice
Authors: Bara Mouradi, Brian S. Andrews
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters3 July 2001Usefulness of Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man in Clinical PracticeBara Mouradi, BS and Brian S. Andrews, MD, PhDBara Mouradi, BSUniversity of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Huntington Beach, CA 92646 (Mouradi)University of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868 (Andrews)Search for more papers by this author and Brian S. Andrews, MD, PhDUniversity of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Huntington Beach, CA 92646 (Mouradi)University of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868 (Andrews)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The concomitant growth of genetic research and information technology has given birth to electronic genetic databases, the utility of which should not go unnoticed by medical practitioners. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a database of human genes and genetic diseases maintained by Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, is freely accessible on the Internet (1, 2). The OMIM gene map is a table of loci of inherited disorders arranged in order. We report a case illustrating the usefulness of OMIM in clinical practice.A 37-year-old congenitally deaf and mute man presented to our service with bacterial pneumonia. ...References1. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD) and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, MD). 2000. Available at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/. Google Scholar2. Hamosh A, Scott AF, Amberger J, Valle D, McKusick VA. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). Hum Mutat. 2000;15:57-61. [PMID: 0010612823] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Huntington Beach, CA 92646 (Mouradi)University of California, Irvine, Medical Center; Orange, CA 92868 (Andrews) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 70KeywordsClinical geneticsDatabasesDilated cardiomyopathyGenetic diseasesHypothyroidismInternetOnline mendelian inheritance in manProtein C deficiencyRenal failureThyroid ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acupuncture and Bronchial Asthma
Authors: P. A. Christensen, L. C. Laursen, E. Taudorf, S. C. Sørensen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Seventeen patients with stable bronchial asthma were randomly assigned to receive either correct acupuncture or placebo acupuncture. The study lasted 11 weeks and consisted of a pre‐therapy, therapy, and post‐therapy period. The patients received 10 treatments during a 5‐week period. The effect of therapy on pulmonary function was assessed daily by the patients at home. Morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate, number of puffs beta 2 ‐agonist aerosol needed, as well as subjective symptoms of asthma were recorded in a diary. The correctly treated group improved significantly throughout the study. Also, compared with the placebo group, a significant improvement was found in all assessed parameters 2 weeks after beginning therapy. Hereafter, no differences could be shown.