tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in post-Whipple patients
Authors: P. Chahal, T. Baron, M. Topazian, B. Petersen, M. Levy, C. Gostout
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and study aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an established modality for evaluation and treatment of pancreaticobiliary disorders. However, it is technically more challenging in patients with post-surgical anatomy. The success rate of ERCP in patients with prior pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple resection) is unknown. We assessed the technical success and safety of ERCP in this patient population. Patients and methods: Post pancreaticoduodenectomy patients who had undergone ERCP between January 2002 and May 2005 were identified through a computerized medical index system. ERCP was considered successful if the duct of clinical interest had been cannulated and endoscopic therapy had been performed when indicated. Results: ERCP was attempted 88 times in 51 patients with prior pancreaticoduodenectomy, including 37 procedures for pancreatic indications, 44 for biliary obstruction, and 7 for both biliary and pancreatic indications. The overall technical success rate of ERCP based on the intention behind the procedure was 51 % (45 of the 88 procedures). Success was significantly more likely for biliary indications (37/44, 84 %) than for pancreatic indications (3/37, 8 %) (P ≤ .001). Complications occurred in 2 % of the procedures and included one self- contained perforation treated medically and one Mallory-Weiss tear. Conclusions: When performed by experienced endoscopists, ERCP in patients with prior pancreaticoduodenectomy is safe, with a high success rate for biliary indications and a low success rate for pancreatic duct indications. Better methods of achieving pancreatic duct cannulation after pancreaticoduodenectomy are needed.
Benign Cyst of the Parotid Gland
Authors: M. G. Kini
Journal: BMJ (1940)

with a tumour mass, which it was proposed to remove, three-quarters of the size of its head, and shock was likely to be, and indeed proved to be, considerable.On the other hand, if the child was allowed to grow, so, too, would its attached twin, and a proportionately more extensive operation would be called for, probably necessitating general anaesthesia.It was perhaps remarkable that so large a mass did not result in any difficulty at birth bLIt the mother was young and the child her fourth.Forceps were not used.
Early Infant Diet and Risk of IDDM in Blacks and Whites: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Jill N Kostraba, Janice S Dorman, Ronald E LaPorte, Fraser W Scott, Ann R Steenkiste, Margaret Gloninger, Allan L Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To investigate the role of early infant feeding in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to determine whether an association exists in both blacks and whites. Resarch Design and Methods Black and white diabetic subjects were recruited from the Allegheny County and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh IDDM Registries. Extensive infant diet histories were obtained from the diabetic subjects and their nondiabetic siblings, who were used as nondiabetic control subjects. Each diabetic subject was matched outside his/her family to an unrelated nondiabetic control subject on birth order, birth year (± 2 yr), and race, which resulted in 211 case-control pairs with a mean birth year of 1967. Results In whites, diabetic subjects were less likely to have been breast-fed than control subjects (odds ratio [OR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3, 0.9). Breast-feeding prevalence did not differ between black diabetic subjects and control subjects. Duration of overall and exclusive breast-feeding did not differ between diabetic and control subjects in the black and white cohorts. The following analyses, which examined whether the timing of the first breast milk substitute to which the infant was exposed differed between diabetic and control subjects, were conducted for exposure to any breast milk substitute and to breast milk substitutes that were cow's milk based. In whites, age at exposure to any breast milk substitutes and cow's milk-based substitutes were similar between diabetic and control subjects. In blacks, the first exposure to breast milk substitutes occurred significantly earlier for any substitute (5.1 vs. 11.9 wk, P = 0.02) and marginally earlier for cow's milk-based substitutes (3.9 vs. 8.5 wk, P = 0.07) in diabetic subjects compared with control subjects. The first exposure to breast milk substitutes was more likely to occur by 3 mo of age in black diabetic subjects compared with black control subjects (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–10.0) after adjusting for maternal age at birth. The addition of breast-feeding status to the model only slightly weakened this association in blacks. Conclusions The analyses of this study cohort suggest that the observed protective effect of breast-feeding on the risk of IDDM may be related to differences in the age at exposure to breast milk substitutes in blacks but not in whites.
Budd-Chiari syndrome after taking oral contraceptives.
Authors: K Sterup, J Mosbech
Journal: BMJ (1967)

This is the case study of a 28-year-old housewife admitted to the hospital on December 20 1966.  She had been on oral contraceptives (Lyndiol) for 12-18 months until December 12 when they were stopped due to increased nausea.  The womans health until this time had been excellent.  On admission she was found to have a distended liver 8-10 cm below the right rib margin elevated diaphram enlarged spleen ascites and several small lymph nodes in the side of the neck.  Her condition continued to deteriorate and she died on March 14 1966 after repeated hemorrhages from the Budd-Chari syndrome (hepatic vein thrombosis) which was determined from necropsy report.  This syndrome is more common in men than women but needs to be evaluated further in women receiving oral contraceptives.
Rise of Sedimentation Rate at Low Laboratory Temperature
Authors: K. D. Gupta
Journal: BMJ (1955)

dilution due to water retention caused by salicylates.In none of the cases was there any evidence of haemolysis.Treatment followed the usual lines: the offending drug was withheld and aspirin alone was given to relieve any slight pain; constipation was relieved by enemata and liquid paraffin; severe purgatives were avoided lest hyperaemia of the intestinal mucosa facilitate absorption of hydrogen sulphide and perpetuate the sulphaemoglobinaemia. Blood transfusion was required for Case 4 because of anoxia, and appeared almost life-saving.No specific treatment is of any avail.Treatment of the concomitant diseases was not altered by the presence of sulphaemoglobin, and no sequelae attributable to sulphaemoglobin were noticed.Summary Five cases of sulphaemoglobinaemia are described.One case followed the administration of magnesium sulphate as an aperient and the other four cases were due to analgesic preparations containing phenacetin.The presence of caffeine in such preparations is thought to induce habituation, particularly in neurotic personalities.Anaemia was present in four of the cases, but was not attributable to sulphaemoglobinaemia.The principles of treatment are enumerated.
Introducing allergists to food chemistry
Authors: H. Steinhart, M. Wigotzki, K. Zunker
Journal: Allergy (2001)

A report of common analytical methods for the identification and characterization of food allergens is presented. The different electrophoretic and immunologic methods describe the present analytical tools to characterize allergens. With respect to the lack of knowledge on the structure and the properties of food allergens, additional chemical techniques such as chromatography, NMR and MALDI‐TOF are of particular importance.
Inhaled Iloprost To Treat Severe Pulmonary Hypertension: An Uncontrolled Trial
Authors: Horst Olschewski, H. Ardeschir Ghofrani, Thomas Schmehl, Jörg Winkler, Heinrike Wilkens, Marius M. Höper, Jürgen Behr, Franz-Xaver Kleber, Werner Seeger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Inhaled aerosolized iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, has been considered a selective pulmonary vasodilator in the management of pulmonary hypertension. Objective: To assess the efficacy of inhaled iloprost in the treatment of life-threatening pulmonary hypertension. Design: Open, uncontrolled, multicenter study. Setting: Intensive care units and pulmonary hypertension clinics at six university hospitals in Germany. Patients: 19 patients who had progressive right-heart failure despite receiving maximum conventional therapy (12 with primary pulmonary hypertension, 3 with pulmonary hypertension related to collagen vascular disease without lung fibrosis, and 4 with secondary pulmonary hypertension). Intervention: Inhaled iloprost, 6 to 12 times daily (50 to 200 µg/d). Measurements: Right-heart catheterization and distance walked in 6 minutes at baseline and after 3 months of therapy. Results: During the first 3 months of therapy, New York Heart Association functional class improved in 8 patients and was unchanged in 7 patients. Four patients died, 3 of right-heart failure and 1 of sepsis. The acute hemodynamic response to inhaled iloprost was predominant pulmonary vasodilatation with little systemic effect at baseline and at 3 months (data available for 12 patients). Hemodynamic variables were improved at 3 months, and the distance walked in 6 minutes improved by 148 m (95% CI, 4.5 to 282 m; P = 0.048). Of the 15 patients who continued to use inhaled iloprost, 8 stopped: Four had lung transplantation, 1 switched to intravenous prostacyclin therapy, and 3 died. Seven patients are still receiving inhaled iloprost [mean ±SD] duration of therapy, 536 ± 309 days; mean dosage, 164 ± 38 µg/d). Conclusions: Inhaled iloprost may offer a new therapeutic option for improvement of hemodynamics and physical function in patients with life-threatening pulmonary hypertension and progressive right-heart failure that is refractory to conventional therapy. *For additional members of the German PPH Study Group, see the Appendix.
The Future of Placental-Blood Transplantation
Authors: Robertson Parkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

During the past decade the use of placental blood as a source of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells has been accelerating. Initially, the placental blood was obtained from siblings, but now recipients of transplants from unrelated donors (allogeneic transplants) account for almost all patients who receive transplants of hematopoietic stem cells from placental blood.13 In this issue of the Journal, Rubinstein and his colleagues report the results of 562 allogeneic transplantations of hematopoietic stem cells in placental-blood units stored at the New York Blood Center.4 Their overall results confirm the conclusions that others have reached: reproducible stem-cell engraftment can be . . .
Acute Fatal Hypercalcemia
Authors: George Kleinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ESTROGEN has proven to be of great value in the treatment of metastatic mammary carcinoma. Increased well-being, symptomatic relief, objective evidence of tumor regression, and even prolonged survival have been obtained in the face of advanced local and generalized carcinomatosis. This agent is particularly effective after the tenth postmenopausal year. Estrogen has been more effective than androgen. The toxic side effects of estrogen therapy are not inconsequential. Gastrointestinal upset, pigmentation, urinary frequency, vaginal bleeding, saltretention edema, and hypercalcemia have been observed. Hypercalcemia, in particular, may be quite dangerous. In 1949, Hermann and others reported 4 cases of lethal hypercalcemia following the administration of androgen and estrogen. Since that time admonitions regarding this possible side effect have appeared repeatedly in the literature dealing with sex steroid therapy of carcinomatosis. Two recent hypercalcémie complications of estrogen therapy at the Breast Service of the Francis Delafield Hospital prompted a review of our experience
Cyclosporin in atopic dermatitis: a multicentre placebo-controlled study
Authors: TH. JOOST, F. HEULE, M. KORSTANJE, M.J.T.B. BROEK, H.J. STENVELD, W.A. VLOTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary The efficacy of cyclosporin (Sandimmun®) given in a daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 6 weeks in severe atopic dermatitis was confirmed in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, short-term study. Of the 46 patients included in the study, 23 were randomized to receive cyclosporin and 23 to receive placebo. Four of the 23 patients (17%) on cyclosporin, and 14 of the 23 patients (61%) who received placebo, discontinued the trial because of inefficacy. All patients who discontinued the trial were assessed following the principle the principle of 'intention to treat'. Compared with the baseline, the mean scores for disease severity [6-area, total body severity assessment (TBSA)] improved by 55%, and the mean scores for extent of disease [rule-of-nines area assessment (RoNAA)] improved by 40%, in patients treated with cyclosporin. Nine of the patients who received cyclosporin and completed the study (n=14) had an individual reduction of disease severity (TBSA) of 75% or more, and in three patients this reduction was nearly 100%. In the placebo group, a mean worsening of disease severity (4%) and of extent of the disease (25%), compared with the baseline, was observed al week 6. Patients' and investigators' mean scores for the overall efficacy were similar, and showed a statistically significant difference in favour of cyclosporin. Two patients on cyclosporin developed hypertension during therapy, and one of these withdrew from the study. At the end of the trial, no statistically significant differences in the systolic or diastolic blood pressures were observed between the two groups. In the cyclosporin group, the increases in the values of serum creatinine and bilirubin at week 6, compared with the respective values at the baseline, were statistically significantly different from those in the placebo group, but all values normalized in the post-treatment period. Cyclosporin can be a safe and very effective treatment in episodes of severe atopic dermatitis, provided that the recommended guidelines for its administration are strictly observed.
Amino Acid Transporters in Cancer and Their Relevance to “Glutamine Addiction”: Novel Targets for the Design of a New Class of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Yangzom D. Bhutia, Ellappan Babu, Sabarish Ramachandran, Vadivel Ganapathy
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Tumor cells have an increased demand for amino acids because of their rapid proliferation rate. In addition to their need in protein synthesis, several amino acids have other roles in supporting cancer growth. There are approximately two-dozen amino acid transporters in humans, and tumor cells must upregulate one or more of these transporters to satisfy their demand for amino acids. If the transporters that specifically serve this purpose in tumor cells are identified, they can be targeted for the development of a brand new class of anticancer drugs; the logical basis of such a strategy would be to starve the tumor cells of an important class of nutrients. To date, four amino acid transporters have been found to be expressed at high levels in cancer: SLC1A5, SLC7A5, SLC7A11, and SLC6A14. Their induction occurs in a cancer type–specific manner with a direct or indirect involvement of the oncogene c-Myc. Further, these transporters are functionally coupled, thus maximizing their ability to promote cancer growth and chemoresistance. Progress has been made in preclinical studies, exploiting these transporters as drug targets in cancer therapy. These transporters also show promise in development of new tumor-imaging probes and in tumor-specific delivery of appropriately designed chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1782–8. ©2015 AACR.
Neuroblastoma: Imaging Evaluation by Sequential Tc-99m MDP, I-131 MIBG, and Ga-67 Citrate Studies
Authors: IZAK GARTY, AMIR FRIEDMAN, MARTIN P. SANDLER, AMOS KEDAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Fourteen children with histopathologically confirmed neuroblastoma underwent sequential correlative imaging studies using I–131 MIBG, Tc–99m MDP, and Ga–67 citrate during various stages of the disease. Of the patients 86% showed I–131 MIBG accumulation in the primary tumoral site, whereas 71% showed Tc–99m MDP and 79% Ga–67 citrate uptake. In 86% at least one of the two latter radiopharmaceuticals concentrated in the primary tumor. The use of all three radiopharmaceuticals raised the detection rate to 93%. Of the osseous or extraosseous metastases 100% were detected by Tc–99m MDP studies. The I–131 MIBG studies were positive in 71% of the osseous metastases and In 70% of the extraosseous metastases. No Ga–67 citrate uptake was demonstrated in osseous metastases, although one extraosseous lung metastasis concentrated this radiopharmaceutical. Tc–99m MDP bone imaging was the best method for diagnosing metastatic spread of the disease and for monitoring the results of treatment. Primary tumor uptake was best indicated by I–131 MIBG. Both Ga–67 citrate and I–131 MIBG were superior to Tc–99m MDP with regard to accurately demonstrating the extent of primary tumors. Only Tc–99m MDP indicated the relationship of these tumors to the kidneys and neighboring osseous structures, providing early screening of kidney compression. Ga–67 citrate study was mainly indicated in tumors with catecholamine depletion, which failed to concentrate the other two radiopharmaceuticals. I–131 MIBG proved especially useful in detecting neuroblastoma with negative Tc–99m MDP and Ga–67 citrate studies and also proved to be helpful with those cases in which I–131 MIBG was planned for therapy. The following strategy is suggested for evaluating neuroblastoma. Tc–99m MDP imaging should be performed first for simultaneous diagnosis of primary and metastatic neuroblastoma. I–131 MIBG should be used in cases of negative Tc–99m MDP images or in cases planned for therapy with I–131 MIBG. Only in cases showing catecholamine depletion or negative results with the two latter radiopharmaceuticals should Ga–67 citrate be used. Tc–99m MDP imaging should be the study of choice for the follow-up of the disease.
Abstract 982: Malate dehydrogenase 2 confers resistance to docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer through JNK pathway
Authors: Qiong Liu, Hao Geng, Changhui Xue, Tomasz Beer, David Z. Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy represents a significant obstacle in cancer therapeutics. Novel mechanistic understandings in cancer cell chemotherapeutic sensitivity and resistance can optimize treatment and improve patient outcome. Molecular alterations in the metabolic pathways are associated with cancer development; however, the role of these alterations in chemotherapy efficacy is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel role for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2 (MDH2) in mediating prostate cancer resistance to docetaxel-chemotherapy. We performed gene expression microarray analyses on frozen needle biopsies from prostate cancer patients before they underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We observed that genes in the metabolic pathways are significantly altered in the cancer epithelium versus the matched- tumor adjacent benign epithelium. In addition, some of the metabolic gene expression alterations are associated with the long-term treatment outcome. Patients with MDH2 overexpression in cancer cells had a significantly lower relapse-free survival (RFS) based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis. To investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for this clinical observation, we found that MDH2 expression was elevated in prostate cancer cell lines compared to benign prostate epithelial cells. Then we established stable MDH2 knock-down prostate cancer lines and evaluated cell proliferation and cell viability within the context of chemotherapy. We found that MDH2 knockdown significantly enhanced the docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, C42B and PC3. Metabolic and redox measurement showed that MDH2 knockdown significantly reduced cellular ATP levels and increased the ADP/ATP and NAD+/NADH level. In addition, MDH2 knockdown significantly increased reactive oxygen specifies (ROS) while maintaining the oxygen consumption rate. These metabolic alterations were associated with the sustained activation of JNK signaling cascade after docetaxel treatment and the inactivation of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2. Taken together, these data suggest a novel function for MDH2 in prostate cancer development and chemotherapy, in which the cancer associated metabolic and redox alteration confers resistance to chemotherapy by regulating pathways of signal transduction and cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 982. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-982
AN AUTOMATIC CHECK FOR EXCLUDING AIR IN THE TREATMENT OF EMPYEMA.
Authors: CHAUNCEY E. TENNANT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the evacuation of pus from the pleural cavity I have recently adopted a method of drainage which prevents in a great measure the admission of air into the pleural cavity and yet permits the free outflow of pus. The advantage of maintaining a vacuum in the chest cavity is apparent. The suggestion of Bryant<sup>1</sup>of attaching a collapsed rubber bulb to the end of the drainage tube after sealing the chest opening prompted an experiment with the check. The need for irrigation in a recent desperate case of empyema necessitated the adoption of the double tube to secure effective and frequent irrigation, and at the same time it afforded an excellent opportunity for the test. The rubber tubing may be of any desired size, weight or length and with but a few minutes' work is easily converted into the ideal double current drain known as the Wetherill drainage
OBSTRUCTION AND PERFORATION OF SMALL INTESTINE DUE TO A COPROLITH
Authors: Wendell Downing
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Obstruction or perforation of the small intestine due to coproliths is of rare occurrence. Few textbooks mention such a condition, and a search of the literature shows less than half a dozen authentic cases reported. Coproliths are masses of inspissated feces combined with cholesterol and bile. They are to be differentiated from true enteroliths, which are foreign bodies composed of earthy salts formed about some nucleus, such as a fruit stone. The terminal ileum is the most common location for fecal masses in the small intestine because of its smaller diameter and its folds of mucous membrane. Diverticula (Meckel's and others) serve as the site of origin of most fecal masses. From these pouches the mass may be dislodged, or it may extend into the lumen of the small intestine, resulting in obstruction or perforation. Coproliths are more common in the colon, because of the frequency of diverticula in the
The association of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein with atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Tetsuo Shoji, Eiji Kimoto, Kayo Shinohara, Masanori Emoto, Eiji Ishimura, Takami Miki, Yoshihiro Tsujimoto, Tsutomu Tabata, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation by anopheline antiplatelet protein, a saliva protein from a malaria vector mosquito
Authors: Shigeto Yoshida, Toshiki Sudo, Masashi Niimi, Lian Tao, Bing Sun, Junichi Kambayashi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Enjie Luo, Hiroyuki Matsuoka
Journal: Blood (2007)
86 Diagnostic value of two new biomarkers (steatotest and NASHtest) for the prediction of steatosis and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH)
Authors: T. Poynard, V. Ratziu, S. Naveau, F. Charlotte, F. Imbert-Bismut, D. Messous, M. Munteanu, Y. Ngo, D. Thabut, A. Mercadier, V. de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)