tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caffeine and Caffeic Acid Inhibit Growth and Modify Estrogen Receptor and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Levels in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Ann H. Rosendahl, Claire M. Perks, Li Zeng, Andrea Markkula, Maria Simonsson, Carsten Rose, Christian Ingvar, Jeff M.P. Holly, Helena Jernström
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Epidemiologic studies indicate that dietary factors, such as coffee, may influence breast cancer and modulate hormone receptor status. The purpose of this translational study was to investigate how coffee may affect breast cancer growth in relation to estrogen receptor-α (ER) status. Experimental Design: The influence of coffee consumption on patient and tumor characteristics and disease-free survival was assessed in a population-based cohort of 1,090 patients with invasive primary breast cancer in Sweden. Cellular and molecular effects by the coffee constituents caffeine and caffeic acid were evaluated in ER+ (MCF-7) and ER− (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Results: Moderate (2–4 cups/day) to high (≥5 cups/day) coffee intake was associated with smaller invasive primary tumors (Ptrend = 0.013) and lower proportion of ER+ tumors (Ptrend = 0.018), compared with patients with low consumption (≤1 cup/day). Moderate to high consumption was associated with lower risk for breast cancer events in tamoxifen-treated patients with ER+ tumors (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.26–0.97). Caffeine and caffeic acid suppressed the growth of ER+ (P ≤ 0.01) and ER− (P ≤ 0.03) cells. Caffeine significantly reduced ER and cyclin D1 abundance in ER+ cells. Caffeine also reduced the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGFIR) and pAkt levels in both ER+ and ER− cells. Together, these effects resulted in impaired cell-cycle progression and enhanced cell death. Conclusions: The clinical and experimental findings demonstrate various anticancer properties of caffeine and caffeic acid against both ER+ and ER− breast cancer that may sensitize tumor cells to tamoxifen and reduce breast cancer growth. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1877–87. ©2015 AACR.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: An acquired genetic disease
Authors: Jun-ichi Nishimura, Yoshiko Murakami, Taroh Kinoshita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by an intravascular hemolytic anemia. Abnormal blood cells lack a series of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. The lack of GPI-anchored complement regulatory proteins, such as decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59, results in complement-mediated hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. In the affected hematopoietic cells from patients with PNH, the first step in biosynthesis of the GPI anchor is defective. At least four genes are involved in this reaction step, and one of them, an X-linked gene termed PIG-A, is mutated in affected cells. The PIG-A gene is mutated in all patients with PNH reported to date. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PNH. Am. J. Hematol. 62:175–182, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ribodeoxyviruses and Cancer
Authors: Howard M. Temin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Ribodeoxyviruses are viruses whose particles (virions) are enveloped and contain RNA and a DNA polymerase. Some of these viruses cause cancer, but most do not, nor any other disease. Ribodeoxyviruses replicate through a DNA intermediate, the DNA provirus. The DNA provirus can be assayed as infectious DNA. Because ribodeoxyvirus information can be present in cells as a part of the cell genome, it needs no viral functions for its maintenance. Therefore, ribodeoxyviruses often persist in cells with little or no viral gene expression. Most cancers in animals do not contain infectious ribodeoxyviruses, although they may contain ribodeoxyvirus genes and products. These same genes and products are, however, found with about the same frequency in normal cells, so that their presence in human tumors would not indicate an etiologic relationship between ribodeoxyviruses and human cancer. It has been suggested that ribodeoxyviruses and the genes for cancer evolve independently from a normal cellular system of DNA-to-RNA-to-DNA information transfer. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1043-1045, 1974)
The expression levels and the differential expression of transforming growth factor-β receptors in dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: M. Kubo, H. Ihn, K. Yamane, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are benign and intermediate malignant fibrotic dermal tumours, respectively. The contribution of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been implicated in the progression of sclerosis in fibrotic diseases.To investigate the expression of TGF-beta receptors in these fibrotic tumours.We examined the expression levels of TGF-beta type I and type II receptors (TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII) in DF and DFSP using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. We also examined the expression of TGF-beta1 and collagen type I using immunohistochemical analysis.We detected strong expression of TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII on epidermis and epidermal appendages, moderate expression in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and neural tissues, and weak expression in fibroblasts in normal skin sections. The expression levels of TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII were elevated in the tissue sections of DF in comparison with normal dermal sections using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, the expression of TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII was strong in spindle-shaped cells around DF. The expression of TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII was decreased in DFSP in comparison with DF, and their expression was found to be homogeneous in each DFSP tumour cell. The staining for TGF-beta1 was found prominently on matrix and spindle-shaped tumour cells of DF, and peripheral regions of DFSP. Weak expression of TGF-beta1 was found on normal skin or tumour cells in the central part of DFSP. Type I collagen expression was found on spindle-shaped tumour cells in DF, but not in tumour cells of DFSP.These results suggest the possibility that TGF-beta signalling may contribute to the fibrosis around DF, and that TGF-beta receptors may play important roles in TGF-beta signalling. The expression patterns of TGFbeta-RI and TGFbeta-RII may be helpful in distinguishing these diseases.
Psoas Abscess: When and How to Evacuate it
Authors: E. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1887)

the ribs on this side, with pleuritic adhesions.Lift lung and pleura healthy.By aid of the microscope, the indurated lung shows fibrous tissue, enclosing numerous spheroidal foci of lymphoid cells.The general appearance is remindful of sarcoma; heart and pericardium healthy ; liver and kidneys congested.There is a left omental oblique hernia.At the conclusion of the post-mortem examination, I carefullymacer- ated the cervical vertebra, sternum, and left clavicle, mounted them, and have brought the specimen from our museum for your in- spection.The left clavicle was completely smashed at its sternal end, which suggests that he fell on his left hand or arm.The sternum is broken about three-quarters of an inch below the junction of the manubrium and mucro; one jagged line of fracture on the front aspect, comminuted and depressed on the thoracic side.The ensi- form cartilage is extremely well marked ; bifid for an inch, and the right horn again is bifiI for one-eighth of an inch.The cervical vertebre are welldevelopedabove, hutthefifth, sixth, and seventh cervi- cal and first dorsal are bulged at their discs, chipped and splashed,
Role of gastric blood flow, neutrophil infiltration, and mucosal cell proliferation in gastric adaptation to aspirin in the rat.
Authors: S J Konturek, T Brzozowski, J Stachura, A Dembinski, J Majka
Journal: Gut (1994)

Gastric mucosa exhibits the ability to adapt to ulcerogenic action of aspirin but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. In this study, acute gastric lesions were produced by single or repeated doses of acidified aspirin in rats with intact or resected salivary glands and with intact or suppressed synthase of nitric oxide. A single oral dose of aspirin produced a dose dependent increase in gastric lesions accompanied by considerable blood neutrophilia and mucosal neutrophil infiltration, significant reduction in gastric blood flow, and almost complete suppression of biosynthesis of prostaglandins. After rechallenge with aspirin, the mucosal damage became smaller and progressively declined with repeated aspirin insults. Gastric adaptation to aspirin was accompanied by a significant rise in gastric blood flow, reduction in both blood neutrophilia and mucosal neutrophil infiltration, and a remarkable increase in mucosal cell regeneration and mucosal content of epidermal growth factor. Salivectomy, which reduced the mucosal content of epidermal growth factor, aggravated the initial mucosal damage induced by the first exposure to acidified aspirin but did not prevent the adaptation of this mucosa to repeated aspirin insults. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, eliminated the hyperaemic response to repeated aspirin but did not abolish the development of adaptation to aspirin showing that the maintenance of the gastric blood flow plays little part in this adaptation. In conclusion, the stomach adapts readily to repeated aspirin insults and this is accompanied by a considerable reduction in blood neutrophilia and the severity of neutrophil infiltration and by an extensive proliferation of mucosal cells possibly involving epidermal growth factor.
BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL DOES NOT HAVE AN EFFECT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DRUG-ELUTING STENT IN NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Katsuhiro Kawaguchi, Taizo Kondo, Naoaki Kano, Yoshihiro Kamimura, Junya Funabiki, Akinori Sawamura, Kentaro Mukai, Hajime Imai, Yasuhiro Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Reassurance about Generic Drugs
Authors: Gerald A. Faich, James Morrison, Edwin V. Dutra, Donald B. Hare, Peter H. Rheinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The approval, marketing, and use of generic pharmaceutical agents in the United States have expanded greatly over the past two years. This expansion has led to controversy and confusion about equivalency between products, test standards, costs, clinical choices, and public policy. Some of these issues are thoughtfully presented by Strom in this issue of the Journal.1 The article states that the FDA's current method of approving new generic products, on the basis of bioavailability data, seems to be an acceptable interim approach . . . physicians and patients can continue to consider using generic drugs . . . few . . .
Pseudomonas Pneumonia Associated With Use of a Home Whirlpool Spa
Authors: Harold D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>PSEUDOMONAS</i>pneumonia is characteristically a hospital-acquired infection in patients with serious underlying disease or impaired host defense mechanisms.<sup>1-3</sup>The appearance of this pneumonia in a previously healthy person residing in a community setting is rare. Only 2% of a normal adult population harbor<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in their pharynx, the organisms being present in very small numbers.<sup>4</sup>Two of three normal persons with this infection who have been described in detail were bacteremic.<sup>5-7</sup>The source of the organism was never determined in either patient. The pulmonary infection in the third patient apparently arose from the pharyngeal flora that had been altered by the administration of several courses of antibiotics for a mild respiratory tract infection.<sup>7</sup>An acute, nonbacteremic<i>Pseudomonas</i>pneumonia developed in a previously healthy man who apparently acquired the infection during the use of a home whirlpool spa. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 47-year-old man experienced
Bile Ascites from a Ruptured Choledochal Cyst Detected by Hepatobiliary Imaging
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, MITSURU TANIGUCHI, KINICHI HISADA, YOSHIHARU MIYAZAKI, KAZUTO KAKUMA, HIROSHI ITOH, MASAHIKO FUJIOKA, SOTOHUMI SEISHU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Bile ascites or peritonitis in infancy frequently shows a subacute or progressive form which lacks the typical acute clinical manifestations of generalized peritonitis, such as abdominal pain, fever, and leukocytosis. In this form, diagnosis is dependent on a high index of suspicion as well as the clinical presentation of persistent jaundice and progressive ascites, but is usually made by a diagnostic abdominal paracentesis or during surgery. Presented here is an infantile case of bile ascites from a spontaneously ruptured choledochal cyst, demonstrated by serial radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging before operation.
Gastroesophageal Reflux in Runners
Authors: Barry B. Kraus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To test the potential of distance running to induce reflux in healthy subjects and the ability of ranitidine to decrease esophageal acid exposure. Design: A randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Objective assessment of reflux was done using an ambulatory intra-esophageal pH monitor during both a baseline hour and 1 hour of running on 2 days of testing. Subjects: Fourteen normal volunteers (10 men, four women) between 22 and 37 years of age were studied. All volunteers ran regularly, completing an average of 20 miles weekly for at least 6 months. Interventions: Ranitidine, 300 mg orally, or an identical placebo was administered after a low-fat breakfast just before the baseline hour of pH recording. Setting: Esophageal motility and pH probe placement was done in the gastroenterology unit at Bowman Gray Medical Center. Running was done on local jogging trails. Measurements and Main Results: There was more gastroesophageal reflux during running than during the baseline hour when reflux was measured at a pH threshold of 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 (P < 0.05). Reflux episodes were usually associated with belching. Ranitidine, 300 mg administered orally 1 hour before running, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the amount of esophageal acid exposure during running. Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reflux occurs during running in healthy volunteers. It is usually associated with belching. Acid suppression with ranitidine decreases intraesophageal acid exposure during running (P < 0.05).
Inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in tubular epithelium attenuates tubulointerstitial alteration in rat Goodpasture syndrome
Authors: Hirokazu Okada, Kenshi Moriwaki, Raghuram Kalluri, Hiroe Imai, Shinichi Ban, Motohide Takahama, Hiromichi Suzuki
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Unawareness of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Geremia B. Bolli, Carmine G. Fanelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The article by Boyle et al.1 in this issue of the Journal indicates that accelerated transport of glucose to the brain is a possible mechanism of unawareness of hypoglycemia on the part of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Although initially this increased uptake of glucose in response to hypoglycemia may help protect the brain during later episodes of hypoglycemia, it subsequently deviates from physiologic conditions in a paradoxical manner. In normal humans, small decreases in the plasma glucose concentration to the threshold of 65 mg per deciliter (3.6 mmol per liter) elicit the secretion of the rapid-acting counterregulatory hormones . . .
Animals in Research
Authors: Sara Katherine Katz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Animals have proved to be invaluable in medical research and have benefited the welfare of both humans and animals.<sup>1</sup>However, "to protect animals from unnecessary pain"<sup>1</sup>and to simplify our understanding of some complex pathogenetic mechanisms, rational exploration of alternative models is warranted.<sup>2</sup> Dysfunctional human cilia produce considerable respiratory and other illnesses.<sup>3-5</sup>The animal model most often employed to study the problem, the mammalian tracheal explant, has yielded important information about this category of diseases. Noting that the cilia of<i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i>are morphologically and functionally indistinguishable from those of humans,<sup>5,6</sup>I began, in high school, to culture this protozoa under varied conditions. My aim was to develop a simple, inexpensive protozoan model to study abnormal cilia. <h3>Study. —</h3> <i>Tetrahymena pyriformis</i>was cultured under baseline conditions at 25°C in proteose peptone broth (group I: control group) and in chemically altered environments (group
Recent advances: Medical microbiology
Authors: H. Richardson, F. Smaill
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Adequate clinical management of infectious diseases relies primarily on the accurate identification of the causal micro-organism and the production of reliable information on its antimicrobial susceptibility.1 Traditional diagnostic methods in microbiology have limited the ability of laboratories to provide doctors with timely and clinically relevant information, but recent technology provides results in minutes or hours rather than days or weeks. In particular, molecular biological techniques have increased the speed and sensitivity of detection methods, as well as allowing laboratories to identify organisms that do not grow or grow slowly in culture. These techniques also allow microbiologists to identify genes that result in resistance to antibiotics and to “fingerprint” individual isolates for epidemiological tracking.2 Recognition of newly emerging infectious diseases and control of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and common Gram negative bacilli will rely heavily on these new technologies.
Impact of Intensive Care Unit Organ Failures on Mortality during the Five Years after a Critical Illness
Authors: Nazir I. Lone, Timothy S. Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Rationale: The relationship between organ failure during critical illness and long-term survival is uncertain, especially among intensive care unit (ICU) survivors.Objectives: To describe the relationship between individual organ failures, total organ failure burden, and mortality during the 5 years after an episode of critical illness.Methods: We studied a cohort of sequential admissions to 10 Scottish ICUs (n = 872). Logistic regression was used to explore independent associations between organ failures and mortality over a 5-year time horizon, adjusting for potential confounders.Measurements and Main Results: Daily Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores described organ dysfunction during ICU stay. The sum of the worst scores at any time point during the ICU stay for each organ system except neurological dysfunction was used to calculate total organ failure burden. Mortality was obtained from the national death register. Five-year mortality was 58.2%; 34.4% of deaths occurred within 28 days. In adjusted analyses, cardiovascular (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3.7), liver (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–5.0), and respiratory failure (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3–3.5) were independently associated with 5-year mortality. Organ failure burden was strongly associated with mortality; 81% of patients in the highest tertile died during follow-up (OR, 6.3 relative to lowest tertile; P < 0.001). Patients surviving more than 12 months post-ICU were still more likely to subsequently die if they experienced greater organ failure burden in the ICU (OR, 2.4; P = 0.02, highest vs. lowest tertile).Conclusions: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and liver failures during critical illness strongly predict subsequent 5-year survival. Acute organ failure burden is associated with long-term mortality even among patients who survive up to 1 year after ICU admission.
Re: Wayne J.G. Hellstrom, Marc Gittelman, Jonathan Jarow, et al. An Evaluation of Semen Characteristics in Men 45 Years of Age or Older after Daily Dosing with Tadalafil 20 mg: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 9-Month Study. Eur Urol 2008;53:1058–65
Authors: Giorgio Pomara, Domenico Canale, Paolo Turchi, Francesco Francesca
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Hepatitis B Markers in Southeast Asian Refugees
Authors: R. Keith Sikes
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to extend further the observations of Barry et al<sup>1</sup>concerning hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in refugees from Southeast Asia. During the period July 1,1980, through May 31,1981, serum samples obtained from 849 Southeast Asian refugees in Georgia were tested by the Virology Laboratory, State of Georgia, for HBV markers—hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to the surface antigen. These specimens, submitted by Georgia hospitals and county health departments located outside of Atlanta, represented 40% of the nearly 2,100 refugees who reportedly arrived in Georgia during the period. Specimens were obtained for the purpose of screening and not because of clinical evidence of viral hepatitis. Details concerning specific country of origin were not available for this analysis. The results of testing are shown in the Table. The prevalence of HBsAg is similar for different age groups; in contrast, the prevalence of positivity
Prospective Validation of the Prognostic Usefulness of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Asymptomatic Patients With Chronic Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Rodolfo Pizarro, Oscar O. Bazzino, Pablo F. Oberti, Mariano Falconi, Federico Achilli, Anibal Arias, Juan G. Krauss, Arturo M. Cagide
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Thrombolysis and Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Paul E. Nathan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 January 1993Thrombolysis and Ventricular TachycardiaPaul E. Nathan, MD and Terrence J. Sacchi, MDPaul E. Nathan, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Terrence J. Sacchi, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a recent study, Eldar and associates [1] pointed out that patients with and without primary ventricular tachycardia do not differ in their hospital course and 1-year prognosis.What patients, if any, received thrombolytic therapy during the acute myocardial infarction? Bourke and colleagues [2] did electrophysiologic testing in 87 patients 6 to 28 days after myocardial infarction and found, compared with placebo, intravenous streptokinase substantially reduced the incidence of inducible ventricular tachycardia without similar benefit attributable to aspirin therapy.It is not clear what significance monomorphic or polymorphic primary ventricular tachycardia have in patients who have received ...References1. Eldar M, Sievner Z, Goldbourt V, et al. Primary ventricular tachycardia in acute myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics and mortality. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:31-6. Google Scholar2. Bourke JP, Young AA, Richards DA, Uther JB. Reduction in the incidence of inducible ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction by treatment with streptokinase during infarct evolution. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990; 16:1703-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 2Page: 157KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionArrhythmiaAspirinMyocardial infarctionPatientsReperfusionVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 15 January 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...