tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Supernatants of human leukocytes contain mediator, different from interferon gamma, which induces expression of MHC class II antigens.
Authors: G Groenewegen, M de Ley, G M Jeunhomme, W A Buurman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

In this report, data are presented on the regulation of MHC class II antigen expression by a mediator present in supernatants of human mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC-SN), and which is different from IFN-gamma. The capacity of supernatants to induce antigen expression did not correspond to titers of IFN-gamma. Removal of IFN-gamma using either dialysis against pH 2 or neutralizing mAb against human IFN-gamma did not abrogate the MHC class II antigen expression-inducing capacity of MLC-SN when tested on adenocarcinoma cell lines, kidney epithelial cells, and fibroblasts in vitro in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Therefore, supernatants of human leukocytes contain a mediator, different from IFN-gamma, which induces expression of MHC class II antigens. Dose-response studies revealed that the mediator is produced after allogeneic and lectin stimulation of human leukocytes, and by unstimulated leukocytes. Activation of leukocytes resulted in increased titers of the mediator. The mediator markedly enhances expression of both HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, whereas IFN-gamma had a similar effect on HLA-DR antigens, and only a minor effect on HLA-DQ antigens. Interaction of the mediator and IFN-gamma resulted in a potentiating effect of these two factors on MHC class II antigen expression. Biochemical analysis revealed a mediator, distinguishable by FPLC from IL-1, IL-2, and human IFN-gamma, and which has a molecular mass of 32 kD.
Sweeping away superstition?
Authors: V. Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

groups would be encouraged to apply for jobs, and 15 did not think a policy would reassure staff in risk groups.It is possible for these principles to be followed without a formal policy being adopted.A firm written policy, however, leaves no room for uncertainty and shows a commitment to what are essentially fair and sensible employment policies.The principle of non-discrimination against people positive for HIV and those at risk should not only be espoused but also be seen to be espoused.If the irrational and hysterical public response to the AIDS and HIV epidemic is to be controlled then the NHS must lead the way by offering model employment policies for other employers to follow.
Ulcerative colitis: is it in the diet?
Authors: F. Carbonnel, M. C. Boutron
Journal: Gut (2009)

Barakol is a purified extract of <i>Cassia siamea</i>, a plant that has been used as a laxative in traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of barakol on anion transport across the rat colon epithelium was investigated. Colonic epithelium was mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed with Ringer9s solution. Addition of 1 mM barakol to the basolateral solution produced a slow increase in short-circuit current (Isc) in proximal colon and distal colon by 24.5 ± 2.2 and 24.2 ± 1.4 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Barakol increased Isc in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.4 mM. The barakol-stimulated increase in Isc was inhibited by subsequent treatment with 500 μM diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid or 400 μM glibenclamide added to the apical solution and 200 μM bumetanide added to the basolateral solution. Pretreatment of the tissues with 200 μM bumetanide, but not 10 μM amiloride, completely abolished the barakol-increased Isc. Ion substitution experiments showed an inhibition of barakol-stimulated Isc in chloride-free solution but not in bicarbonate-free solution. In addition, pretreatment of tissues with 10 μM tetrodotoxin or 10 μM indomethacin, but not 1 μM atropine or 10 μM hexamethonium, partially inhibited the Isc response by barakol. The present results demonstrated the stimulatory effect of barakol on the bumetanide-sensitive chloride secretion in rat colon. The effect of barakol was partly mediated by the stimulation of submucosal nerves and through the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites. These findings thus provide an explanation for the underlying mechanism of barakol as a secretagogue in mammalian colon.
Physiologic Basis for the Heart Sounds and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Mortimer L. Schwartz, Robert C. Little
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

A SEARCH for cardiac murmurs is frequently the major objective of cardiac auscultation, and all too often insufficient attention is given to the heart sounds. In the past few years there has been a new awareness of the importance of these sounds and of the clinical information that can be obtained from careful study of their component parts. In clinical auscultation the presence or absence of cardiac murmurs is, of course, of great diagnostic importance. It is our purpose in this report, however, to review briefly some of the recent knowledge of the physiology of the heart sounds and to . . .
Necrosis of the Skull
Authors: D. Engel
Journal: BMJ (1944)

The patient was immediately given one pint of citrated blood by the drip method.There was no reticulocyte response to intra- muscular injections of hepatex, 10 c.cm. stat.and 5 c.cm. daily for two weeks, the reticulocyte count never going above 1%.This same hepatex gave good results in other cases of pernicious anaemia in the ward.She was repeatedly transfused, as transfusion seemed the only means of keeping her alive.She was given liberal allow- ances of fersolate, redoxon, yeast, marmite, liveroid, ventriculin, thyroid, and HCI dil.No one preparation or combination of preparations seemed to help.At times, quite independently of treatment, there were definite remissions, and on one occasion the haemoglobin rose to 58%.No cause for these remissions could be detected.During one of them her carious teeth were extracted, but even this did not appear to affect her progress.After being treated for a year the patient died of broncho- pneumonia.At the necropsy (by Dr. W. Whitelaw) the only pathology of the intestinal tract was a chronic gastritis.The femoral bone marrow was extremely hyperplastic.The heart was not enlarged, and the myocardium was pale.The lungs gave the find- ings of bronchopneumonia.There was much free iron in the liver, kidneys, and spleen.On microscopical examination the bone marrow was seen to be megaloblastic.
MYO5B mutations cause microvillus inclusion disease and disrupt epithelial cell polarity
Authors: Thomas Müller, Michael W Hess, Natalia Schiefermeier, Kristian Pfaller, Hannes L Ebner, Peter Heinz-Erian, Hannes Ponstingl, Joachim Partsch, Barbara Röllinghoff, Henrik Köhler, Thomas Berger, Henning Lenhartz, Barbara Schlenck, Roderick J Houwen, Christopher J Taylor, Heinz Zoller, Silvia Lechner, Olivier Goulet, Gerd Utermann, Frank M Ruemmele, Lukas A Huber, Andreas R Janecke
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Contempo 1997: economics
Authors: R. J. Yaes
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics , like any ethical code, spells out obligations that human beings owe to other human beings, in this case, physicians to patients. When groups of people are dehumanized and thought of as objects rather than as people, ethical standards crumble. It is for this reason that I found the Contempo article on economics by Dr Reinhardt 1 so disconcerting.  Reinhardt points out that hospital chains, health maintenance organizations, and other large corporate entities that have taken control of the US health care delivery system tend to think of patients as biological structures that generate net cash flows or as insured lives... which insurance companies actively trade among themselves, often with the help of investment bankers on Wall Street. What is even more disturbing is that Reinhardt seems to imply that physicians should embrace this commercial perspective as their own. He even
Inclusion of Genotype with Fundus Phenotype Improves Accuracy of Predicting Choroidal Neovascularization and Geographic Atrophy
Authors: Lorah T. Perlee, Aruna T. Bansal, Karen Gehrs, Jeffrey S. Heier, Karl Csaky, Rando Allikmets, Paul Oeth, Toni Paladino, Daniel H. Farkas, P. Lyle Rawlings, Gregory S. Hageman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Treatment of mycosis fungoides with recombinant interferon-αza2 alone and in combination with etretinate
Authors: K. THESTRUP-PEDERSEN, R. HAMMER, K. KALTOFT, H. SOGAARD, H. ZACHARIAE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Treatment of mycosis fungoides with recombinant interferon‐αza2 alone and in combination with etretinate Get access K. THESTRUP‐PEDERSEN, K. THESTRUP‐PEDERSEN The Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, University of Aarhus, Denmark Dr K.Thestrup‐Pedtrsen, Marselisborg Hospital, DK80oo Aarhus C., Denmark. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. HAMMER, R. HAMMER The Department of Clinical Research, Roche A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. KALTOFT, K. KALTOFT Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. SØGAARD, H. SØGAARD The Department of Palhology, Kommunchospitalet, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. ZACHARIAE H. ZACHARIAE The Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, University of Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 6, 1 June 1988, Pages 811–818, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02600.x Published: 01 June 1988
Active and latent collagenase activity during reversal of hepatic fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis
Authors: Hervé Emonard, Jean-Alexis Grimaud
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In schistosomiasis mansoni, eggs trapped in portal venules of the liver induce a granulomatous inflammatory reaction and subsequently fibrosis. Upon specific schistosomicidal treatment, however, fibrosis undergoes a marked reversal. The features of this process as regards collagen metabolism were examined in mice using praziquantel as the schistosomicidal drug, which was given 68 days after infection. It was found that collagenase activity in the liver, for both latent and active forms, increases rapidly until 5 days after treatment as compared to nontreated infected mice and then diminishes gradually. The hydroxyproline content in liver and (24-hr) urine are also modified, their values decreasing progressively up to 72 days after treatment without, however, reaching values observed in normal mice. Worm death appears to be the triggering stimulus of these events.
751 IS HBV-RELATED RENAL TUBULOPATHY BEFORE ANY ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT A REALITY?
Authors: J. Jacques, M. Essig, P. Carrier, M. Debette-Gratien, F. Saint-Marcoux, T. Chianea, A. Rousseau, S. Alain, R. Legros, M. Sarabi, C. Vong, T. Tabouret, D. Sautereau, V. Loustaud-Ratti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Improving the delivery of safe and effective healthcare in low and middle income countries
Authors: M. R. Massoud, N. Mensah-Abrampah, P. Barker, S. Leatherman, E. Kelley, B. Agins, S. Sax, J. Heiby
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Although the role for the individual Notch receptors in early hematopoiesis have been thoroughly investigated in mouse, studies in human have been mostly limited to the use of pan-Notch inhibitors. However, such studies in human are important to predict potential side effects of specific Notch receptor blocking reagents because these are currently being considered as therapeutic tools to treat various Notch-dependent diseases. In this study, we studied the individual roles of Notch1 and Notch3 in early human hematopoietic lineage decisions, particularly during T-lineage specification. Although this process in mice is solely dependent on Notch1 activation, we recently reported Notch3 expression in human uncommitted thymocytes, raising the possibility that Notch3 mediates human T-lineage specification. Although expression of a constitutive activated form of Notch3 (ICN3) results in the induction of T-lineage specification in human CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic progenitor cells, similar to ICN1 overexpression, loss-of-function studies using blocking Abs reveal that only Notch1, but not Notch3, is critical in this process. Blocking of Notch1 activation in OP9-DLL4 cocultures resulted in a complete block in T-lineage specification and induced monocytic and plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation instead. In fetal thymus organ cultures, impeded Notch1 activation resulted in B and dendritic cell development. In contrast, Notch3 blocking Abs only marginally affected T-lineage specification and hematopoietic differentiation with a slight increase in monocyte development. No induction of B or dendritic cell development was observed. Thus, our results unambiguously reveal a nonredundant role for Notch1 in human T-lineage specification, despite the expression of other Notch receptors.
A memorable interview: Saved by the chaplain
Authors: K V Nair
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The year was 1967. I was working as a registrar in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, preparing to appear for part two of the membership examination of the Royal Australian College of Physicians. In those days, I was one of very few Indian doctors on the staff of the hospital.

One day I had an urgent call from one …
Effects of prednisone on the cellular responses and release of cytokines and mediators after segmental allergen challenge of asthmatic subjects☆
Authors: Mark C. Liu, David Proud, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Walter C. Hubbard, Bruce S. Bochner, Becky A. Stealey, Linda Breslin, HuiQing Xiao, Linda R. Freidhoff, John T. Schroeder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Eruption in a Patient With Crohn Disease—Quiz Case
Authors: Maria Gavrilova, Vicent Alonso, Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo, Miguel Rubio, Dolores Ramon, Carlos Monteagudo, Esperanza Jorda-Cuevas
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The cost of health care for children and adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Teresa L. Kauf, Thomas D. Coates, Liu Huazhi, Nikita Mody‐Patel, Abraham G. Hartzema
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Although sickle cell disease (SCD) is marked by high utilization of medical resources, the full cost of care for patients with SCD, including care not directly related to SCD, is unknown. The purpose of this study was to estimate the total cost of medical care for a population of children and adults with SCD. We used data from individuals diagnosed with SCD enrolled in the Florida Medicaid program during 2001-2005 to estimate total, SCD-related, and non-SCD-related cost per patient-month based on patient age at the time of health care use. Across the 4,294 patient samples, total health care costs generally rose with age, from $892 to $2,562 per patient-month in the 0-9- and 50-64-year age groups, respectively. Average cost per patient-month was $1,389. Overall, 51.8% of care was directly related to SCD, the majority of which (80.5%) was associated with inpatient hospitalizations. Notably, non-SCD-related costs were substantially higher than those reported for the general US population. These results suggest a discounted (3% discount rate) lifetime cost of care averaging $460,151 per patient with SCD. Interventions designed to prevent SCD complications and avoid hospitalizations may reduce the significant economic burden of the disease.
Rapamycin-regulated Control of Antiangiogenic Tumor Therapy Following rAAV-mediated Gene Transfer
Authors: Minh Nguyen, Guang Huan-Tu, Melissa Gonzalez-Edick, Victor M Rivera, Tim Clackson, Karin U Jooss, Thomas C Harding
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Regulated gene expression may be required for the clinical development of certain gene therapies. Several approaches have been developed that allow pharmacologic control of transgene expression, including the dimerizer-regulated transcriptional system in which rapamycin or its analogs function as transcriptional inducers. These compounds can also act as direct antitumor agents via inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We describe the development of an optimized recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expression cassette that allows dimerizer-regulated gene expression from a single vector in vitro and in vivo. After demonstrating multiple cycles of rapamycin-dependent transgene induction following a single administration of an AAV vector in vivo, application of this regulated AAV gene expression system to the pharmacologic control of antiangiogenic therapy was evaluated in preclinical tumor models. Dimerizer-regulated vectors were constructed encoding a soluble inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. In two subcutaneous models of glioblastoma, regulated expression of the VEGF inhibitor via recombinant AAV-mediated gene transfer, in combination with rapamycin, was shown to decrease tumor growth rate significantly. The dual properties of rapamycin--as a transcriptional inducer and mTOR inhibitor--are exploited in combination with an AAV-encoded antiangiogenic agent to provide a novel approach for the treatment of malignant diseases.
Principles and Practice of Pharmaceutical Medicine
Authors: David R. Luthin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-704 Echocardiographic Parameters Predictive of Right Ventricular Function after MitraClip(r) Implantation
Authors: Marco Marzullo, Hannes Alessandrini, Christian Frerker, Thielsen Thomas, Peter Wohlmuth, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Ulrich Schäfer, Felix Kreidel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Technique has limitations
Authors: A. Li
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> When combined with adductor canal block (ACB), local anesthetic infiltration between popliteal artery and capsule of knee (iPACK) is purported to improve pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the analgesic benefits of adding iPACK to ACB in the setting of surgeon-administered periarticular local infiltration analgesia (LIA) are unclear. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the analgesic benefits of adding iPACK to ACB, compared with ACB alone, in the setting of LIA following TKA. <h3>Evidence review</h3> We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing the effects of adding iPACK block to ACB versus ACB alone on pain severity at 6 hours postoperatively in adult patients undergoing TKA. We a priori planned to stratify analysis for use of LIA. Opioid consumption at 24 hours, functional recovery, and iPACK-related complications were secondary outcomes. <h3>Findings</h3> Fourteen trials (1044 patients) were analyzed. For the primary outcome comparison in the <i>presence</i> of LIA (four trials, 273 patients), adding iPACK to ACB did not improve postoperative pain at 6 hours. However, in the <i>absence</i> of LIA (eight trials, 631 patients), adding iPACK to ACB reduced pain by a weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI) of −1.33 cm (−1.57 to –1.09) (p&lt;0.00001). For the secondary outcome comparisons in the <i>presence</i> of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB did not improve postoperative pain at all other time points, opioid consumption or functional recovery. In contrast, in the <i>absence</i> of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB reduced pain at 12 hours, and 24 hours by a WMD (95% CI) of −0.98 (−1.79 to –0.17) (p<i>=</i>0.02) and −0.69 (−1.18 to –0.20) (p=0.006), respectively, when compared with ACB alone, but did not reduce opioid consumption. Functional recovery was also improved by a log(odds ratio) (95% CI) of 1.28 (0.45 to 2.11) (p=0.003). No iPACK-related complications were reported. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Adding iPACK to ACB in the setting of periarticular LIA does not improve analgesic outcomes following TKA. In the absence of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB reduces pain up to 24 hours and enhances functional recovery. Our findings do not support the addition of iPACK to ACB when LIA is routinely administered.
The role of insulin-like growth factor II in the malignant transformation of rat liver oval cells
Authors: N Zhang, K Siegel, M Odenthal, R Becker, F Oesch, H P Dienes, P Schirmacher, P Steinberg
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Oval cells are small nonparenchymal epithelial cells that first appear in the periportal areas of the liver and thereafter invade the whole parenchyma when mice or rats are exposed to a variety of chemical carcinogens. In the present study we have analyzed the expression of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) in the recently established oval cell line OC/CDE 22 and its malignantly transformed counterpart (the M22 cells) and the biological consequences of the constitutive expression of IGF II in oval cells. OC/CDE 22 cells do not express the above-mentioned growth factor, whereas the M22 cells do and addition of a neutralizing anti-IGF II antibody to M22 cells resulted in an almost complete proliferation stop. The presence of type 1 as well as type 2 insulin-like growth factor receptors in OC/CDE 22 and M22 cells was revealed by Northern blotting; however, only neutralizing antibodies directed against the type 1 IGF receptor were able to inhibit the proliferation of the cultured oval cells. Finally, transfection of an IGF II complementary DNA (cDNA) into OC/CDE 22 cells resulted in the release of active IGF II into the extracellular medium but not in the concomitant malignant transformation of the cells. Taken together these results show that: (1) upon transformation oval cells start producing IGF II and (2) IGF II acts on oval cells as a pure mitogen (without being per se oncogenic) via an autocrine loop involving the activation of the type 1 IGF receptor.