tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute-Onset Floaters and Flashes and Risk for Retinal Detachment
Authors: Barbara S. Katzeff
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin Pump Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Philip Felig
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE ADVENT of treatment regimens involving the administration of insulin by portable pump<sup>1,2</sup>has added a new dimension to the decision-making process regarding the ambulatory treatment of the insulin-dependent diabetic. Briefly, such regimens involve the continuous subcutaneous infusion of rapid-acting (regular) insulin in basal amounts plus patient-activated bolus doses of insulin delivered by the pump before meals.<sup>3</sup>Adjustments in the basal or bolus doses of insulin are made on the basis of capillary blood glucose measurements performed by the patient on blood samples obtained by finger pricking several times per day.<sup>3</sup>Although expensive ($1,100 to $2,500 per unit), the pumps are readily obtainable from a number of manufacturers in the United States,<sup>3</sup>and their use in community-based clinical practice has rapidly increased within the past two years.<sup>4</sup> The enthusiasm generated by reports of normal or near-normal blood glucose levels in pump-treated patients and the evidence
Factors predictive of a beneficial response to therapy of hepatitis C
Authors: G L Davis, J Y Lau
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Alpha interferon is the only drug that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, but only half of patients respond, either transiently or permanently. Pretreatment features that are associated with a greater likelihood of response to short courses of interferon include low hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels, viral genotypes 2 or 3, and the absence of fibrosis or cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Each of these features is more predictive of sustained response (SR) than the end-of-treatment response (ETR). However, the accuracy of these features in predicting response in individual patients is poor. Furthermore, there are several limitations to using these factors in the clinical management of patients. Most importantly, they were identified in 6-month treatment trials. Longer treatment or combination of interferon with ribavirin reduces relapses and will therefore lessen the association of these factors with long-term response. In addition, changes in the definition of treatment end points and the technology used to measure HCV RNA might change the association between these predictive factors and response. The best predictor of a treatment response is the early normalization of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level during interferon treatment. HCV RNA loss during treatment may also be helpful in predicting response, but it is probably no better than serum ALT levels and is expensive. In summary, several clinical and virological features are associated with higher response rates to interferon treatment. Although pretreatment factors do not accurately predict treatment outcome in individuals, they may be helpful in counseling patients and making treatment decisions.
Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Yasuhito Tanaka, Nao Nishida, Masaya Sugiyama, Masayuki Kurosaki, Kentaro Matsuura, Naoya Sakamoto, Mina Nakagawa, Masaaki Korenaga, Keisuke Hino, Shuhei Hige, Yoshito Ito, Eiji Mita, Eiji Tanaka, Satoshi Mochida, Yoshikazu Murawaki, Masao Honda, Akito Sakai, Yoichi Hiasa, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Asako Koike, Isao Sakaida, Masatoshi Imamura, Kiyoaki Ito, Koji Yano, Naohiko Masaki, Fuminaka Sugauchi, Namiki Izumi, Katsushi Tokunaga, Masashi Mizokami
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
The value of looking at smear cells
Authors: Barbara Bain, James Uprichard
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The value of smear cells or smudge cells in suggesting a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is widely accepted.Apart from this use, smear cells are generally ignored.However, smear cells can convey other useful information.A 48-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman presented with lethargy, failure to communicate, poor oral intake, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.Generalized lymphadenopathy was observed.She was found to be severely hypercalcemic and her blood count showed a white cell count of 39 3 10 9 /l with a normal hemoglobin concentration and platelet count.A blood film showed abnormal lymphocytes (Image 1).Many of the lymphocytes appeared to have irregular nuclei (left), but nuclear detail was not clearly discernable.However, there were numerous smear cells, and inspection of the bare nuclei showed them to be highly convoluted and flower shaped (right), thus, supporting the clinical suspicion of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).This diagnosis was confirmed by immunophenotyping and PCR for HTLVI.Neoplastic T cells often have complex and somewhat hyperchromatic nuclei in which nuclear detail is not readily apparent.When cells are smeared during the spreading of the blood film, this nuclear detail may be revealed.Nucleoli and deeply lobulated nuclei may then become apparent, aiding the diagnosis of the small cell variant of T-lineage prolymphocytic leukemia and ATLL respectively.
Gene Transfer of Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1α Enhances Ischemic Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase–Related Pathway
Authors: Ken-ichi Hiasa, Minako Ishibashi, Kisho Ohtani, Shujiro Inoue, Qingwei Zhao, Shiro Kitamoto, Masataka Sata, Toshihiro Ichiki, Akira Takeshita, Kensuke Egashira
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Stromal cell–derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is implicated as a chemokine for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We therefore hypothesized that SDF-1α gene transfer would induce therapeutic neovascularization in vivo by functioning as a chemokine of EPC. Methods and Results— To examine SDF-1α–induced mobilization of EPC, we used bone marrow–transplanted mice whose blood cells ubiquitously express β-galactosidase (LacZ). We produced unilateral hindlimb ischemia in the mice and transfected them with plasmid DNA encoding SDF-1α or empty plasmids into the ischemic muscles. SDF-1α gene transfer mobilized EPCs into the peripheral blood, augmented recovery of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb, and increased capillary density associated with partial incorporation of LacZ-positive cells into the capillaries of the ischemic limb, suggesting that SDF-1α induced vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. SDF-1α gene transfer did not affect ischemia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but did enhance Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Blockade of VEGF or NOS prevented all such SDF-1α–induced effects. Conclusions— SDF-1α gene transfer enhanced ischemia-induced vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo through a VEGF/eNOS-related pathway. This strategy might become a novel chemokine therapy for next generation therapeutic neovascularization.
REL, encoding a member of the NF-κB family of transcription factors, is a newly defined risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Peter K Gregersen, Chistopher I Amos, Annette T Lee, Yue Lu, Elaine F Remmers, Daniel L Kastner, Michael F Seldin, Lindsey A Criswell, Robert M Plenge, V Michael Holers, Ted R Mikuls, Tuulikki Sokka, Larry W Moreland, S Louis Bridges, Gang Xie, Ann B Begovich, Katherine A Siminovitch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Distribution and Function of the Hydrogen Sulfide–Sensitive TRPA1 Ion Channel in Rat Urinary Bladder
Authors: Tomi Streng, Helena E. Axelsson, Petter Hedlund, David A. Andersson, Sven-Eric Jordt, Stuart Bevan, Karl-Erik Andersson, Edward D. Högestätt, Peter M. Zygmunt
Journal: European Urology (2007)
The binding of some human antiendothelial cell antibodies induces endothelial cell apoptosis.
Authors: A Bordron, M Dueymes, Y Levy, C Jamin, J P Leroy, J C Piette, Y Shoenfeld, P Y Youinou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The pathogenic role of antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) remains unclear. They are frequently associated with antibodies to anionic phospholipids (PL), such as phosphatidylserine (PS), which is difficult to reconcile with the distribution of PL molecular species within the plasma membrane. Since it is already known that PS is transferred to the outer face of the membrane as a preclude to apoptosis, the possibility exists that apoptosis is initiated by AECA. AECA-positive/anti-PL antibody-negative sera from eight patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and 21 control patients were evaluated. Endothelial cells (EC) were incubated with AECA and the exposure of PS was established through the binding of annexin V. Hypoploid cell enumeration, DNA fragmentation, and optical and ultrastructural analyses of EC were used to confirm apoptosis. Incubation of EC with AECA derived from six of eight patients with SS led to the expression of PS on the surface of the cells. This phenomenon was significantly more frequent in SS (P < 0.04) than in control diseases. The redistribution of plasma membrane PS preceded other events associated with apoptosis: hypoploidy, DNA fragmentation, and morphology characteristic for apoptosis. Apoptosis-inducing AECA did not recognize the Fas receptor. We conclude that AECA may be pathogenic by inducing apoptosis.
Infectious complications after heart transplantation.
Authors: D K Cooper, R P Lanza, S Oliver, A A Forder, A G Rose, C J Uys, D Novitzky, C N Barnard
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Infection has been the major cause of death and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac transplantation at Groote Schuur Hospital. Twenty-two (55%) patients suffered at least one major episode of infection, which accounted for 10 (59%) of the deaths in the first year. The major site of origin of infection was the lung, though dissemination was not infrequent. Bacteria accounted for 22 (59%) infections; but viral, fungal and protozoal infections were not uncommon and in fact accounted for seven (64%) of the fatal infections. Several unusual causative microorganisms have been isolated in this group of immunocompromised subjects. There is a higher incidence of infection in patients over the age of 35 years and in patients who did not comply with instructions and advice.
Predictors and Variability of Repeat Measurements of Urinary Phenols and Parabens in a Cohort of Shanghai Women and Men
Authors: Lawrence S. Engel, Jessie P. Buckley, Gong Yang, Linda M. Liao, Jaya Satagopan, Antonia M. Calafat, Charles E. Matthews, Qiuyin Cai, Bu-Tian Ji, Hui Cai, Stephanie M. Engel, Mary S. Wolff, Nathaniel Rothman, Wei Zheng, Yong-Bing Xiang, Xiao-Ou Shu, Yu-Tang Gao, Wong-Ho Chow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Exposure to certain phenols is ubiquitous because of their use in many consumer and personal care products. However, predictors of exposure have not been well characterized in most populations.We sought to identify predictors of exposure and to assess the reproducibility of phenol concentrations across serial spot urine samples among Chinese adults.We measured 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, butyl paraben, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzophenone-3, bisphenol A, and triclosan in urine collected during 1997-2006 from 50 participants of the Shanghai Women's Health Study cohort and during 2002-2006 from 50 participants of the Shanghai Men's Health Study cohort. We investigated predictors of concentrations using the Satterthwaite t-test, and assessed reproducibility among serial samples using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs).Creatinine-corrected phenol concentrations were generally higher among women than men. Participants who had taken medicine within the previous 24 hr had higher concentrations of propyl paraben. Cigarette smoking was associated with lower concentrations of propyl and methyl parabens among men. Bottled water consumption was associated with higher bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations among women. Among men, reproducibility across serial samples was moderate for 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol (ICC = 0.54-0.60, SCC = 0.43-0.56), but lower for other analytes (ICC = 0.20-0.29). Reproducibility among women was low (ICC = 0.13-0.39), but increased when restricted to morning-only urine samples.Among these 100 Shanghai residents, urinary phenol concentrations varied by sex, smoking, and consumption of bottled water. Our results suggest that a single urine sample may be adequate for ranking exposure to the precursors of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol among men and, under certain circumstances, among women.
Parenteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Thomas R. Ziegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoes extensive bowel resection for mesenteric ischemia. Tube feedings are associated with adverse effects, and central venous parenteral nutrition is recommended. The appropriate use of parenteral nutrition is controversial, though in selected circumstances it can be beneficial. Control of hyperglycemia is essential. Overfeeding and the refeeding syndrome are potential adverse effects.
The Role of Left Atrial Muscular Bundles in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shih-Lin Chang, Ching-Tai Tai, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Wanwarang Wongcharoen, Li-Wei Lo, Kun-Tai Lee, Sheng-Hsiung Chang, Ta-Chuan Tuan, Yi-Jen Chen, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, Hsuan-Ming Tsao, Mei-Han Wu, Ming-Huei Sheu, Cheng-Yen Chang, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Pooling Data on Pools: Genotoxicity of Chemicals in Indoor Swimming Pools
Authors: Angela Spivey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Genotoxicity of Chemicals in Indoor Swimming PoolsDisinfection by-products (DBPs) form in swimming pool water from reactions between disinfectants such as chlorine and organic matter such as sweat, skin cells, and urine.A new study described in a set of three articles provides the first comprehensive characterization of DBPs in an indoor pool environment and offers initial evidence of cellular-level effects of these chemicals in swimmers in an indoor chlorinated pool [
241 Impact of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and diabetes on the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and a known length of viral infection
Authors: G.G. Di Costanzo, M. De Luca, F. Lampasi, F.P. Picciotto, A.Galeota Lanza, G. Tritto, A. Ascione
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
US judge dismisses $50m damages in Vioxx lawsuit
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A New Orleans federal judge has thrown out a $50m award made against the drug maker Merck after a former agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation had a heart attack after taking Vioxx (rofecoxib). The jury's conclusion on Merck's liability was reasonable, but its compensatory damage assessment was not, said Judge Eldon Fallon.

In his decision, announced on 30 August, the judge said that the $50m (£26m; €39m) compensatory …
Gynecomastia
Authors: Jean D. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Breast enlargement in males can be a physiologic or idiopathic phenomenon occurring in newborns, adolescents, and possibly, normal elderly men; it can be the result of a feminizing state, or due to causes unknown.1 There are many causes of feminizing states, but most fall into three categories: absolute increases in estrogen formation as a result of direct secretion by tumors, increased availability of estrogen precursors, as in cirrhosis, or rare instances of hereditary increase in extraglandular synthesis of estrogen; relative increases in the ratio of estrogen to androgen, as in testicular failure; and drugs. The drugs are usually estrogens themselves, . . .
Re: Irina Soljanik, Armin J. Becker, Christian G. Stief, et al. Repeat Retrourethral Transobturator Sling in the Management of Recurrent Postprostatectomy Stress Urinary Incontinence After Failed First Male Sling. Eur Urol. 2010;58:767–72
Authors: Erik B. Cornel
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Electrophysiological Significance of First Degree Atrioventricular Block with Intraventricular Conduction Disturbance
Authors: KENNETH M. ROSEN, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, RUBEN CHUQUIMIA, HENRY S. LOEB, ROLF M. GUNNAR
Journal: Circulation (1971)

His bundle electrograms (H) were recorded in 27 patients with PR prolongation and intraventricular conduction disturbances. The PR interval was subdivided into P-H (normal 80-140 msec), a measure of atrioventricular (A-V) conduction, and H-Q (normal 35-55 msec), a measure of intraventricular conduction. In 12 patients with left bundle-branch block (LBBB), P-H varied from 115-410 msec (mean 173 msec), and was prolonged in eight patients. H-Q varied from 39-125 msec (mean 80 msec), and was prolonged in 10 patients. In eight patients with right bundle-branch block (RBBB), P-H varied from 146-450 msec (mean 206 msec), and was prolonged in all patients. H-Q ranged from 41-65 msec (mean 51 msec), and was slightly prolonged in three patients, all of whom had, in addition, evidence of left anterior or posterior hemiblock. Seven patients with lesser intraventricular conduction defects all had prolonged P-H intervals, with normal H-Q intervals. With atrial pacing at increased heart rates, block proximal to H occurred in all groups. Three patients with LBBB developed block distal to H with atrial pacing, and one additional patient with LBBB and one patient with RBBB and left posterior hemiblock developed block distal to H following atropine administration. In conclusion, most patients with PR prolongation and intraventricular conduction defects had prolongation of P-H, suggesting A-V nodal disease. In addition, the patients with LBBB usually had significant H-Q prolongation, suggesting bilateral bundle-branch disease. In the group with RBBB, H-Q prolongation was less common and less marked, and, when present, occurred in patients with evidence of left anterior or posterior hemiblock.
"Swiss-Cheese" Platelets
Authors: RICHARD B. DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 June 1974"Swiss-Cheese" PlateletsRICHARD B. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.C.P.RICHARD B. DAVIS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-6-776_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recently published paper by Smith, Dodds, and Tartaglia (Ann Intern Med79:828-834, 1973) presents an excellent discussion of the vagaries of laboratory testing and the clinical meaning of platelet functional abnormalities. Platelet functional defects present a spectrum of abnormalities, and the ultrastructural aspects of platelet morphology may manifest a similar spectrum of differences. Although the "Swiss-cheese" platelet may be nearly unique in humans, it has clearly been characterized in our laboratory as one of the responses to injury caused by lead acetate (1). In approximately one fourth of all platelets observed after lead injection, specific vacuolar...References1. DAVISHOLTZ RG: Effects of lead acetate on platelet aggregation, ultrastructure and serotonin release. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 26:455-466, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. VOSSENSTADHOUDERSKURTJENS MAR: Observations on platelet ultrastructure in familial thrombocytopathic thrombocytopenia. Am J Pathol 53:1021-1039, 1968 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Hematology The University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska 68105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGegen Flußsäure korrosionsbeständige WerkstoffeHaemorrhagic Thrombocytopathy Associated with Dilatation of the Platelet-Membrane Complex"Swiss-Cheese" PlateletsJORGE E. MALDONADO, M.D., PH.D., F.A.C.P. 1 June 1974Volume 80, Issue 6Page: 776-776KeywordsPlateletsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 June 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pregnancy in a 31 in. (77.5 cm.) dwarf.
Authors: S. Bender
Journal: BMJ (1965)

1,16 13 N1965.T C l Four, or perhaps three, of these 18 patients developed their atymptoms within a few weeks of starting on oral contraceptives.-Tio of these four patients had a previous arterial occlusive qiisode, in one of these five weeks post-partum.On the basis % these figures, involving such a small number of cases, we am unable to draw any conclusiQns about the possible causal ft&ati *hip ,between oral cqntraceptives and cerebral arterial oocluskn, and consider that this can only be demonstrated in patients by a prospective long-term study.