tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Nathan D. Wong, Shaista Malik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

lial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) belongs to the neurotrophic factor family.GDNF functions are not restricted to neurons but are also implicated in glial cell development (1).We observed high expression levels of GDNF receptor family ␣-component 2 (GFR␣2) in epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), indicating the involvement of GFR␣2 in ERM formation in PDR (2).Here, we examined the vitreous of patients with PDR for the presence of GDNF.We assayed GDNF levels in vitreous and serum samples from 75 consecutive patients with PDR (54 patients) and macular hole (nondiabetic control subjects, 21 patients) who underwent vitrectomy.PDR was classified as active (33 patients) when there were perfused, multibranching iridic or preretinal capillaries and as quiescent (21 patients) when only large vessel or fibrosis was present.Informed consent was obtained from each patient.Undiluted vitreous samples were obtained during the vitrectomy before intraocular infusion.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine GDNF level using a commercially available immunoassay kit (Promega, Madison, WI).Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare GDNF levels.GDNF was undetectable in all the serum samples examined.Intravitreous GDNF level was significantly higher in the PDR patients (means Ϯ SD: 156.1 Ϯ 221.0 pg/ml) than in the control subjects (26.5 Ϯ 53.2 pg/ml) (P ϭ 0.0042).Intravitreous GDNF level was significantly higher in active PDR (206.0Ϯ 250.7 pg/ ml) than in quiescent PDR (77.7 Ϯ 135.5 pg/ml) (P ϭ 0.0388).Glial cells are one of the main components of ERMs.Our previous study (2) showed that GFR␣2 mRNA expression level is significantly higher in PDR ERMs than in idiopathic ERMs, and this high expression level is specific for GFR␣2 among neurotrophin receptors.GFR␣2 protein is detected in the glial component of PDR ERMs.These results suggest that GDNF is involved in the formation of the glial cell component of PDR ERMs.Results of the present study support this suggestion.Because GDNF increases basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) production in Mu ¨ller cells (3), released bFGF may stimulate endothelial proliferation.In this study, GDNF was undetectable in the serum samples.It is suggested that the increased level of vitreous GDNF in PDR reflects intraocular GDNF production but not breakdown of the bloodretina barrier.In conclusion, intravitreous GDNF level increased in PDR and was associated with the activity of PDR.These results suggest that GDNF is involved in the pathogenesis of PDR.
The measurement of methacholine responsiveness in 5 year old children: three methods compared
Authors: NM Wilson, P Bridge, SB Phagoo, M Silverman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility of three techniques for measuring the response to bronchial challenge in young children: a direct airway measurement, the forced oscillation technique (FOT) for determining respiratory system resistance at 6 and 8 Hz (Rrs6 and Rrs8), and two indirect methods, the change in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) and the detection of wheeze on auscultation of the chest. Thirty children aged 5 yrs, with a history of wheeze, and six asymptomatic controls, took part in a bronchial challenge test using methacholine administered by Wright nebulizer by the tidal-breathing method. The provocative concentration which produced a 35% increase in Rrs6 (PC35Rrs6) and a 15% decreases in PtcO2 (PC15PtcO2) were determined by interpolation, and the chest was ausculated after each dose of methacholine. The FOT was found to be unreliable in this age group: in seven children, the data were technically unsatisfactory in the presence of induced bronchoconstriction, whilst in three children, changes in Rrs were inconsistent after challenge. The use of Rrs8 did not improve the detection of positive responses. PC15PtcO2 was measurable in 29 of 30 children, and in 18 of these PC35Rrs6 was also measurable. In no subject did a significant, sustained increase in Rrs occur during challenge in the absence of a significant change in PtcO2. Wheeze was audible in only 4 of 25 (16%) of the positive and in no negative challenges. With this protocol, we found the FOT to be unreliable and the auscultation method valueless and potentially dangerous, since marked falls in PtcO2 of up to 33% sometimes occurred in the absence of wheeze.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Substrate dependent stability of conducting polymer coatings on medical electrodes
Authors: Rylie A. Green, Rachelle T. Hassarati, Lucie Bouchinet, Chaekyung S. Lee, Gin L.M. Cheong, Jin F. Yu, Christopher W. Dodds, Gregg J. Suaning, Laura A. Poole-Warren, Nigel H. Lovell
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
All Niacin Is Not the Same
Authors: Philip H. Frost
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To the Editors: Niacin (nicotinic acid) is recognized as a drug of first choice for the treatment of the hyperlipidemias (1). Niacin is produced as a dietary supplement, but it has become increasingly clear that all preparations are not the same. A dramatic example of intolerance to a "regular" niacin preparation follows. A fifty-six-year old man was prescribed cholestyramine in February 1987 for hypercholesterolemia. In 1988, niacin was added as a second lipid-lowering agent with the dosage advanced to 1.5 g three times a day. "Crystalline Pure Niacin," dispensed in a 500-mg hard gelatin capsule (TWINLAB, Twin Laboratories, Ronkonkoma, New
Abstract LB-326: Zeb1 regulates inflammation-induced invasion and self-renewal of colon cancer cells.
Authors: Lei Wang, Yijing Li, Amy Beckley, Lorretta Pappan, Jishu Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in tumor microenvironment has been associated with progression of human colorectal cancer, although the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear. To understand how IL-1β influences colon cancer cell behaviors, we used a human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 as well as primary human colon cancer cells derived from a patient, which more closely reflect the properties of the primary tumor than established cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) development in colon cancer. IL-1β treatment resulted in loss of E-cadherin and gain of a mesenchymal phenotype in both HCT-116 cells and primary colon cancer cells. Among E-cadherin suppressors, Zeb1 was up-regulated in IL-1β-induced EMT cells. Consistent with EMT properties, IL-1β-treated HCT-116 cells exhibited higher cell migratory ability. Moreover, IL-1β induced expression of stem-cell marker Bmi-1 in both HCT-116 cells and primary colon cancer cells. IL-1β increased these cells’ self-renewal ability to form spheres in serum-free conditions and chemo-resistance; properties associated with colon CSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-1β can induce EMT and promote generation of CSCs in colon cancer. More importantly, we found that ZEB1, but not other E-cadherin transcriptional repressors (such as Zeb2, Snail and Twist), was consistently up-regulated in IL-1β-induced EMT cells and sphere cells. This suggests that Zeb1 links IL-1β-induced CSC self-renewal and EMT in colon cancer cells. Moreover, knockdown of Zeb1 in HCT-116 cells using shRNAs reversed the IL-1β effects on these two processes, further indicating that Zeb1 is essential for IL-1β-induced stem cell and EMT phenotypes in colon cancer cells. Our finding indicates that IL-1β promotes colon tumor growth and invasion through activation of CSC self-renewal and EMT, while Zeb1 plays a critical role in activation of these two processes. Thus, targeting tumor microenvironment cytokines or Zeb1 might form the basis of a promising treatment for colon cancer. Citation Format: Lei Wang, Yijing Li, Amy Beckley, Lorretta Pappan, Jishu Shi. Zeb1 regulates inflammation-induced invasion and self-renewal of colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-326. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-326 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Potent in vitro and in vivo antitoxoplasma activity of the lipid-soluble antifolate trimetrexate.
Authors: C J Allegra, J A Kovacs, J C Drake, J C Swan, B A Chabner, H Masur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Trimetrexate, a highly lipid-soluble quinazoline antifolate now undergoing trials as an anticancer agent, was found to be a potent inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) isolated from Toxoplasma gondii. The concentration required for 50% inhibition of protozoal DHFR was 1.4 nM. As an inhibitor of this enzyme, trimetrexate was almost 600-fold (amount of antifolate required to inhibit catalytic reaction by 50%) and 750-fold (inhibition constant) more potent than pyrimethamine, the DHFR inhibitor currently used to treat toxoplasma infection. When the protozoan was incubated with 1 microM trimetrexate, the drug rapidly reached high intracellular concentrations. Since toxoplasma organisms lack a transmembrane transport system for physiologic folates, host toxicity can be prevented by co-administration of the reduced folate, leucovorin, without reversing the antiprotozoal effect. The effectiveness of trimetrexate against toxoplasma was demonstrated both in vitro and vivo. Proliferation of toxoplasma in murine macrophages in vitro was completely inhibited by exposure of these cells to 10(-7) M trimetrexate for 18 h. When used alone, trimetrexate was able to extend the survival of T. gondii-infected mice.
<i>S aureus</i>Sequence Yields Clues
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carbon dioxide versus room air for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and comparison to laparoscopic capnoperitoneum.
Authors: S von Delius, W Huber, P Thies, J Sager, A Schneider, D Wilhelm, T Schuster, H Feussner, RM Schmid, A Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: To date most studies investigating NOTES have utilized room air for establishing and maintaining pneumoperitoneum, whereas carbon dioxide is traditionally preferred for laparoscopic insufflation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prospectively compare carbon dioxide and room air for transgastric peritoneoscopy in the acute porcine model. Additionally, a third group of animals received laparoscopic insufflation of carbon dioxide for direct comparison of laparoscopic and NOTES capnoperitoneum.
Secret US report surfaces on antidepressants in children
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Internal memos and a secret government report about the negative effects of antidepressants in children—suppressed by the US Food and Drug Administration—have surfaced publicly.

The Alliance for Human Research Protection, a national network dedicated to ensuring ethical standards in medical research, published the documents on 26 July.

The published documents confirm earlier news accounts that a government expert with the FDA's Office of Drug Safety, Dr Andrew Mosholder, found that children taking antidepressants were twice as likely to become suicidal as children taking placebo. He reportedly urged the agency to follow the lead of British health authorities by warning doctors that the risks of the newer antidepressants, except fluoxetine, might outweigh the benefits when used in children.

The leaked documents show his data and conclusions. …
NOSE DROP CONTAMINATION
Authors: George Abeloff
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Here are further suggestions to be added to those of Gompertz and Michael in their article on nose drop contamination (The Journal, April 11, p. 1287). In prescribing nasal medication I ask the pharmacist to supply an empty quarter ounce (7.5 cm.) dropper bottle and direct the patient to fill this bottle half way. When this amount is used up the bottle and dropper are to be rinsed in hot water and the bottle refilled. Where there is more than one patient to use the prescribed medication, each one has his own quarter ounce dropper bottle. Moreover, in using such medication, it might be more easily used when the patient is instructed to draw up in the dropper 1/2 inch of medication, which is about 3 drops, and squirt this amount into each nostril. I have often wondered how patients interpret and apply the usual drop numbered
THE MEASUREMENT OF REMEMBERING
Authors: FRED FELDMAN, D. EWEN CAMERON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

Two tests of memory have been devised to measure the remembering ability of patients with severe memory impairment of organic origin. In this study, the patients were seniles with behavior disturbances sufficient to require hospitalization. One test permits measurement of memory defects of marked degree; the second test measures defects of lesser severity. The methods of giving and scoring the tests have been outlined in detail. It is important to emphasize that the values obtained by these methods are to be expressed in terms of the particular test used. For the present, at least, they must be considered as relative rather than absolute.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis or Sarcoidosis — Or Both
Authors: N. N. Stanley, R. A. Fox, W. F. Whimster, Sheila Sherlock, D. Geraint James
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

LIVER granulomas1 2 3 and impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity2 are common in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). This report concerns two cases of PBC with widespread granulomas and other findings that have invited comparison between the clinical, histologic and immunologic features of PBC and sarcoidosis.Case ReportsCase 1. Pruritus developed in a 41-year-old housewife in December, 1965, while she was 3 months pregnant. Jaundice followed in February, 1966, and persisted after the delivery of a healthy infant. She was admitted to the hospital in July, 1966, for investigation. The clinical and laboratory findings are summarized in Table 1. Liver biopsy showed Stage 3 PBC. . . .
A necropsy study of pulmonary emphysema in Glasgow
Authors: G. H. Roberts, K. W. M. Scott
Journal: Thorax (1972)

The incidence of pulmonary emphysema in a series of 50 necropsies on male subjects in Glasgow has been investigated. Emphysema was present in 37 lungs (74%) and found in more than trace amounts in 32 lungs (64%). These results are similar to those previously reported from London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff but emphysema in younger men appears to be more severe in Glasgow than in these other cities. Centrilobular emphysema was the commonest variety, found in 36 of the 50 lungs (72%); it was the only or predominant type in 17 (34%). Panlobular emphysema was found in 25 lungs (50%), but only in 5 (10%) was this the predominant or the only variety. In 15 cases (30%), significant amounts of both centrilobular and panlobular emphysema were present. Three methods were used to measure emphysema, including the recently introduced method which compares the severity of emphysma on paper-mounted large sections with standard charts arbitrarily graded according to severity. The method of scoring is quick and gave results comparable to those using Heard9s method on the barium impregnated slice. It has the added advantage that paper-mounted sections, unlike barium-impregnated slices, are easily stored and thus provide a permanent record.
Permanent Pervenous Atrial Pacing From the Coronary Vein
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS, ROBERT J. RIVERS, DAVID H. KRAMER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

This report details our clinical experience during a 12 to 63 month follow-up period in 30 patients with permanent pervenous atrial pacemakers implanted in the coronary vein prior to May 1972. Indications for permanent atrial pacing included 20 patients with symptomatic sinus bradycardia, seven with atrial brady-tachy syndrome refractory to pharmacologic therapy, and three patients with atrial overdrive suppression for intractible ventricular arrhythmias. The average duration of atrial pacing was 29.2 ± 2.4 ( sem ) months, median 24 months. A bipolar electrode was used in 28 patients and a unipolar system in two. The atrial signal was of sufficient amplitude (&gt;1.5 mV) to permit atrial demand pacing when required. The atrial pacing threshold averaged 2.0 ± 0.2 ma initially and increased by less than 1.0 ma at the time of battery replacement 20 months later. Only four of 30 patients (13%) developed pacemaker related problems during the 879 pacing months of this follow-up period. Coronary vein perforation or thrombosis was not observed, and there were no pacemaker related deaths. The coronary vein provides a safe and effective electrode location for long-term permanent pervenous atrial pacing.
Comparison of non-collagen protein and total creatine as reference for determination of energy stores in endomyocardial biopsies
Authors: H. E. Botker, H. H. Kimose, P. Helligso, A. R. Thomassen, T. T. Nielsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to establish a reliable reference system for biochemical measurements in endomyocardial biopsies. Methods: Myocardial tissue samples were obtained from pigs before and after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Non-collagen protein content was evaluated as a non-specific reference system and compared with total creatine content representing a specific myocardial reference system. The influence of base strength, extraction temperature, and extraction time on protein yields was determined in tissue precipitates redissolved in NaOH. Interference from protein of collagenous origin was excluded by hydroxyproline determinations. Variability of myocardial ATP content in relation to non-collagen protein and total creatine was compared in endomyocardial biopsies taken before and after cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Results: The two methods showed comparable analytical precision. Apart from an interference in 1.0 mol·litre−1 NaOH for extended extraction periods at high temperatures, myocardial protein yields increased with increasing base strength, extraction temperature, and extraction time. During cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion heart weight increased due to oedema. Simultaneously, myocardial non-collagen protein content decreased. No change in total creatine was found during cardioplegic arrest but there was a significant loss of creatine after reperfusion. Comparison of variability in myocardial ATP content with non-collagen protein or total creatine as reference systems revealed no difference. Conclusions: Determination of non-collagen protein can be optimised with standardised conditions for protein extraction in tissue precipitates. Employment of total creatine as a reference system does not reduce variability of myocardial metabolite determinations in endomyocardial biopsies compared with non-collagen protein. Loss of myocardial creatine may in itself provide additional information about myocardial injury but this makes it unsuitable as a reference system for measuring metabolic changes during reperfusion. Multiple biopsies seem necessary for estimation of myocardial energy stores. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27: 2113-2117
Applicability of a reproducible flow cytometry scoring system in the diagnosis of refractory cytopenia of childhood
Authors: A M Aalbers, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, V de Haas, J G te Marvelde, A X de Jong, M van der Burg, M Dworzak, H Hasle, F Locatelli, B De Moerloose, M Schmugge, J Stary, M Zecca, C M Zwaan, A A van de Loosdrecht, J J M van Dongen, C M Niemeyer, V H J van der Velden
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
TCT-590 Efficacy of Paclitaxel-eluting Balloon Catheter in Patients with Recurrences after Drug-eluting Stent Implantation for In-stent Restenosis
Authors: Seiji Habara, Kazushige Kadota, Tahei Ichinohe, Masatomo Ozaki, Shunsuke Kubo, Yusuke Hyodo, Koshi Miyake, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Hideaki Otsuji, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intravenous Phentolamine for Phaeochromocytoma and "Adrenaline Shock"
Authors: R. B. Terry, J. R. Tobin, R. B. O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CIRCULATION MDICLSH 771against them, making a quantitative assessment quite un- reliable.The baby must, however, have bled extensively,as the extremely low level of haemoglobin (5.1 g. per 100 ml.) is unlikely to have been produced by haemolysis only.It seems much more likely that this low level was the result of blood loss plus haemolysis.The production of anaemia in babies through blood loss into the maternal circulation had been suggested by Wiener (1948), and we think that this case is a further example, though no doubt haemolysis played some part in the production of the anaemia. SummaryA case of foetal blood loss into the maternal circula- tion is described.The foetal cells were recognized during the pregnancy in the blood stream of an immu- nized mother.The maternal serum contained an anti-rhesus antibody which coated the foetal cells in the maternal circulation and gave rise to a positive direct Coombs test.It was successfully eluted from the coated cells.We thank Mrs. June Wingham for much technical assistance.
DIPHTHERIA IMMUNIZATION WITH A SINGLE INJECTION OF PRECIPITATED TOXOID
Authors: A. H. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Wells, Graham and Havens, 1 have described the precipitation of diphtheria toxoid with aluminum potassium sulphate, following the method of Glenny and Barr. 2 Havens and Wells 3 have recently reported further work with completely precipitated toxoid. To the toxoid, prepared in the usual manner, by detoxification with formaldehyde, alum was added until no further precipitation occurred. The coarse, flocculent precipitate was washed twice with 0.85 per cent sodium chloride solution and the washed precipitate was then made up to such a volume with 0.85 per cent sodium chloride solution that 1 cc. contained the desired number of flocculating units. This treatment resulted in a purified product, as evidenced by the fact that nitrogen determinations showed an average loss of from 80 to 85 per cent of the original protein content. Antigenic tests in guinea-pigs indicated that a high degree of immunity is produced, a single injection of 5 units