tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determining N7-alkylguanine adducts by immunochemical methods and HPLC with electrochemical detection: applications in animal studies and in monitoring human exposure to alkylating agents.
Authors: J H van Delft, M J van Winden, A M van den Ende, R A Baan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Many xenobiotics exert their toxic effects through interaction with DNA in the cells of the exposed organism. This interaction may lead to the formation DNA adducts. Some of these may give rise to mutations that initiate cell transformation and, ultimately, the formation of tumors. Sensitive methods for determining DNA adducts are indispensable for the study of chemical mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and for biomonitoring human exposure to genotoxic agents. Alkylating agents form an important class of genotoxic compounds. They react preferentially at the N7-position of guanine. Under neutral or acidic conditions, the adducts can be readily released from the DNA backbone as the free base N7-alkylguanine (N7-AlkGua). The imidazole ring of N7-alkyldeoxyguanosine (N7-AlkdGuo) can be opened under alkaline conditions, which results in formation of a more stable adduct in DNA. To develop immunochemical methods for the detection of N7-alkylations, we immunized mice with various alkylguanosines in the ring-opened form (RON7-AlkdGuo). Antibodies were selected to detect adducts in isolated DNA by competitive ELISA and in single cells by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Various monoclonal antibodies were characterized in detail with respect to specificity and sensitivity toward methylated, ethylated, and hydroxyethylated DNAs. The antibodies showed extensive cross-reactivity toward N7-(m)ethyl- and N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine modifications in the ring-opened form. The limits of detection in the direct and competitive ELISA were 5-10 and 1-2 adducts per 10(6) nucleotides, respectively. The detection limit of the IFM method was about 20 adducts per 10(6) nucleotides(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The key role of prefrontal cortex structure and function
Authors: Antonino Raffone, Gary L. Brase
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The tension between focusing on species similarities versus species differences (phylogenetic versus adaptationist approaches) recurs in discussions about the nature of neural connectivity and organization following brain expansion. Whereas Striedter suggests a primary role for response inhibition, other possibilities include dense recurrent connectivity loops. Computer simulations and brain imaging technologies are crucial in better understanding actual neuronal connectivity patterns.
Evidence doesn't support home care visits for over 65s
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The benefit of home care visits for people aged over 65 years is unproved, a large review of the literature has concluded.

Researchers from University College London and the University of Oxford found no consistent evidence to show that home care visits led to elderly people living longer or having more independent lives than those not receiving this form of support. They also found no overall effect on the number of elderly people who were institutionalised or hospitalised, although they said that poor …
Time to Clinical Stability in Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Ethan A. Halm, Michael J. Fine, Thomas J. Marrie, Christopher M. Coley, Wishwa N. Kapoor, D. Scott Obrosky, Daniel E. Singer
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Many groups have developed guidelines to shorten hospital length of stay in pneumonia in order to decrease costs, but the length of time until a patient hospitalized with pneumonia becomes clinically stable has not been established.To describe the time to resolution of abnormalities in vital signs, ability to eat, and mental status in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and assess clinical outcomes after achieving stability.Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study.Three university and 1 community teaching hospital in Boston, Mass, Pittsburgh, Pa, and Halifax, Nova Scotia.Six hundred eighty-six adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.Time to resolution of vital signs, ability to eat, mental status, hospital length of stay, and admission to an intensive care, coronary care, or telemetry unit.The median time to stability was 2 days for heart rate (< or =100 beats/min) and systolic blood pressure (> or =90 mm Hg), and 3 days for respiratory rate (< or =24 breaths/min), oxygen saturation (> or =90%), and temperature (< or =37.2 degrees C [99 degrees F]). The median time to overall clinical stability was 3 days for the most lenient definition of stability and 7 days for the most conservative definition. Patients with more severe cases of pneumonia at presentation took longer to reach stability. Once stability was achieved, clinical deterioration requiring intensive care, coronary care, or telemetry monitoring occurred in 1% of cases or fewer. Between 65% to 86% of patients stayed in the hospital more than 1 day after reaching stability, and fewer than 29% to 46% were converted to oral antibiotics within 1 day of stability, depending on the definition of stability.Our estimates of time to stability in pneumonia and explicit criteria for defining stability can provide an evidence-based estimate of optimal length of stay, and outline a clinically sensible approach to improving the efficiency of inpatient management.
Our Ophthalmic Heritage
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This volume is a collection of essays by the very capable and humanitarian librarian of the Howe Library at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. The essays are selected from the monthly contributions of Mr. Snyder which have enlivened the pages of the<i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>for several years. Their subject matter varies from the highly significant histories of Babbage and Helmholtz re the ophthalmoscope, through the account of Albrecht von Graefe's early years and the story of Franklin's bifocals, to some fascinating trivia on the plagiarism of William Rowley and the reason why Osler did not become an ophthalmologist. Whatever the subject matter, the material is illuminated by the genial good humor, the easy flowing style, and the meticulous attention to historical fact which a number of us have learned to associate with Charles Snyder. Anyone with an interest in the history of medicine, or in the writing of
Amicrobial pustulosis associated with IgA nephropathy and Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Ken Natsuga, Daisuke Sawamura, Erina Homma, Toshifumi Nomura, Masataka Abe, Ryuichi Muramatsu, Toshio Mochizuki, Takao Koike, Hiroshi Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Interleukin-6 Changes Deformability of Neutrophils and Induces Their Sequestration in the Lung
Authors: TATSUSHI SUWA, JAMES C. HOGG, MARIA E. KLUT, JENNIFER HARDS, STEPHAN F. van EEDEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of both the hepatic and the bone marrow components of the acute-phase response. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that cells released into the circulation from the marrow preferentially sequester in the lung. The present study was designed to examine the mechanism of this sequestration using a single dose of recombinant human IL-6 to stimulate the marrow in rabbits. Marrow release was monitored by labeling polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) precursors in the marrow with the thymidine analogue, 5 ′ -bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), 24 h before IL-6 treatment. This treatment caused a neutrophilia that was associated with the increase of circulating BrdU- labeled PMN (PMNBrdU) and morphometric studies confirmed that PMNBrdU released from the marrow preferentially sequestered in the lung microvessels compared to unlabeled PMN. IL-6 treatment increases PMN F-actin content (p < 0.05) that was not due to cell activation by IL-6. In vitro studies show that IL-6 treatment decreased the deformability of circulating PMN (p < 0.05). These studies confirm that IL-6 treatment causes an accelerated release of PMN from the bone marrow and shows that these newly released PMN have high levels of F-actin, are less deformable, and preferentially sequester in lung microvessels.
Brown Tumor of the Sternum
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR, RITESH GUPTA, ARUN MALHOTRA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Tl-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging is a well-established technique for detecting parathyroid adenomas. We report a case of a brown tumor of the upper sternum mimicking an ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma on Tl-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging in a patient with hyperparathyroidism. This brown tumor showed Tl-201 uptake but not Tc-99m uptake and thus did not subtract out in this scan.
Low serum cholesterol concentration and serotonin metabolism in men
Authors: P. H A Steegmans, D. Fekkes, A. W Hoes, A. A A Bak, E. van der Does, D. E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

1. 1.1. Lindberg G, 2. Rastam L, 3. Gullberg B, 4. Eklund GA . Low serum cholesterol concentration and short term mortality from injuries in men and women. BMJ 1992;305:277–9. 2. 2.1. Brown SL, 2. Dalive ME, 3. Harris TB, 4. Simonsick EM
Screening procedures in the asymptomatic adult. Comparison of physicians' recommendations, patients' desires, published guidelines, and actual practice
Authors: B. Woo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To assess attitudes and practices regarding screening tests and preventive procedures, we surveyed 83 physicians in a hospital-based ambulatory care practice and compared their recommendations with the recommendations in published guidelines, the desires of 188 of their own patients, and the physicians' actual practice patterns on the surveyed patients. The surveyed physicians recommended screening procedures more frequently than the published guidelines in 48 situations and less frequently in 18 situations. Physicians at earlier levels of training tended to recommend more procedures than those who had completed training. Patients desired far more frequent screening than recommended either by their physicians or by the published guidelines. Physicians did not live up to their own recommendations for four of 14 procedures or to published guidelines for five of 14 procedures, with such failure occurring principally in situations where the test or procedure would normally be done personally by the physician. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1480-1484)
Clarifying the Principles of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
Authors: Robert C. Burack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters21 July 2009Clarifying the Principles of Cost-Effectiveness AnalysesRobert C. Burack, MD, MPHRobert C. Burack, MD, MPHFrom Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-2-200907210-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent editorial (1), which accompanies the cost-effectiveness analysis by Pletcher and colleagues (2), Wong and associates explain the rationale supporting cost-effectiveness analysis as a guiding principle in the allocation of health care resources. Unfortunately, I found the editorial's example of this principle unclear and thus find it difficult to apply the method to other questions of health care–related resource allocation.Using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio estimates provided by Pletcher and colleagues, Wong and associates project the gain in quality-adjusted life-years expected if $1 million is allocated to primary prevention under different statin scenarios in a ...References1. Wong JB, Mulrow C, Sox HC. Health policy and cost-effectiveness analysis: yes we can. Yes we must [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:274-5. [PMID: 19221381] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Pletcher MJ, Lazar L, Bibbins-Domingo K, Moran A, Rodondi N, Coxson P, et al. Comparing impact and cost-effectiveness of primary prevention strategies for lipid-lowering. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:243-54. [PMID: 19221376] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHealth Policy and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Yes We Can. Yes We Must. John B. Wong , Cynthia Mulrow , and Harold C. Sox Comparing Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Strategies for Lipid-Lowering Mark J. Pletcher , Lawrence Lazar , Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo , Andrew Moran , Nicolas Rodondi , Pamela Coxson , James Lightwood , Lawrence Williams , and Lee Goldman Clarifying the Principles of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses John B. Wong Metrics Cited byA study on research status and development trend of cost-effectiveness analysis 21 July 2009Volume 151, Issue 2Page: 142KeywordsCardiovascular therapyConflicts of interestHealth careQuality adjusted life yearsStatins ePublished: 21 July 2009 Issue Published: 21 July 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cautious Optimism Concerning Long-Term Safety of Kidney Donation
Authors: Jane C. Tan, Glenn M. Chertow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Kidney transplantation remains the preferred therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), since survival and health-related quality of life are better after kidney transplantation than after dialysis therapy. The incidence of ESRD has risen steadily over the past several decades, in part because of the increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, alone or in combination, and in part owing to improved care for concurrent health risks such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Moreover, the number of patients with ESRD who receive treatment has also increased because of a more liberal acceptance of candidates for dialysis therapy. . . .
Disruption of NaS1 sulfate transport function in mice leads to enhanced acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Soohyun Lee, Paul A. Dawson, Amitha K. Hewavitharana, P. Nicholas Shaw, Daniel Markovich
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Sulfate is required for detoxification of xenobiotics such as acetaminophen (APAP), a leading cause of liver failure in humans. The NaS1 sulfate transporter maintains blood sulfate levels sufficiently high for sulfonation reactions to work effectively for drug detoxification. In the present study, we identified two loss-of-function polymorphisms in the human NaS1 gene and showed the Nas1-null mouse to be hypersensitive to APAP hepatotoxicity. APAP treatment led to increased liver damage and decreased hepatic glutathione levels in the hyposulfatemic Nas1-null mice compared with that in normosulfatemic wild-type mice. Analysis of urinary APAP metabolites revealed a significantly lower ratio of APAP-sulfate to APAP-glucuronide in the Nas1-null mice. These results suggest hyposulfatemia increases sensitivity to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the sulfonation capacity to metabolize APAP. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight the importance of plasma sulfate level as a key modulator of acetaminophen metabolism and suggest that individuals with reduced NaS1 sulfate transporter function would be more sensitive to hepatotoxic agents.
Psychotherapy, Authority and Repression
Authors: G. Benedetti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Psychotherapy formulates the conscious revolt against inadaequate repressions of socio-pathogenic drives. However, neither the development of the Superego, not the growth of culture would be possible without authority. Early psychoanalysis could not distinguish enough between society and reality principle. We must distinguish between conventional models of authority and authority itself, which is rooted in reality on all levels of its integration. Psychotherapy does not aim at adaptation to social reality, but fosters awareness of conflicts.
Synaptic Activity Regulates Interstitial Fluid Amyloid-β Levels In Vivo
Authors: John R. Cirrito, Kelvin A. Yamada, Mary Beth Finn, Robert S. Sloviter, Kelly R. Bales, Patrick C. May, Darryle D. Schoepp, Steven M. Paul, Steven Mennerick, David M. Holtzman
Journal: Neuron (2005)
QL-20 * PROGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND FATIGUE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: K. Peters, D. Randazzo, M. Affronti, E. Lipp, F. McSherry, J. Herndon, C. Flahiff, E. Miller, S. Woodring, M. Freeman, P. Healy, J. Minchew, S. Boulton, A. Desjardins, T. Ranjan, G. Vlahovic, L. Jones, H. Friedman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

After diagnosis, glioblastoma (GBM) patients quickly experience the neurological, physical, and emotional impact of their disease. Even before chemoradiation treatment, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be impaired and fatigue can be present due to neurological dysfunction, co-morbidities (e.g. seizures, depression), and medications (e.g. corticosteroids, anti-epileptics). We evaluated the impact of HRQoL and fatigue on survival in newly diagnosed GBM. Data collected within the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke as part of the PRoGREss registry between 11/21/2011 and 10/10/2013 were queried retrospectively. In addition to demographic and clinical information, data were obtained from patient-reported outcome questionnaires including Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain Cancer (FACT-Br) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F). Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to evaluate the effect of HRQoL and fatigue on overall survival. For this study, 322 subjects were identified. Mean age was 59 (SD = 13) years. KPS ranged from 40-100 with KPS ≥90 for 36.7%, KPS = 80 for 34.5%, KPS ≤ 70 for 21.4% and unknown for 7.5%. In univariate Cox analyses, the FACT-Br Total (HR = 0.986 (CI 95%: 0.98, 0.992) and FACIT-F (HR = 0.969 (CI 95%: 0.955, 0.982)) were both significant predictors of overall survival. Both the FACT-Br Total and FACIT-F added prognostic information beyond that provided by KPS alone (Likelihood ratio (LR) p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively), but did not provide additional prognostic information when KPS, age, gender, and extent of resection were added to the multivariate model (LR p = 0.17 and p = 0.19, respectively). In fact, the strongest predictor of overall survival in this population was extent of resection (gross total resection vs biopsy, (HR = 3.11 (CI 95%: 2.12, 4.57))). Based on these findings, HRQoL and fatigue in newly diagnosed GBM are independent predictors of survival that provide incremental prognostic value to KPS but not to other prognostic factors such as extent of resection.
COMPARISON OF THE QUICK AND THE SLOW METHODS OF THE TREATMENT OF MORPHINISM.
Authors: A. J. PRESSEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Perhaps an explanation of the title of my paper would make it a little more clear. We will call all forms of treatment where the morphin is withdrawn at once, or where it is withdrawn within five or ten days, a quick method, and where the reduction is gradual and slow and extends over a period of several weeks or months we will term a slow method. There has, within the past few years, been much advertising of quick cures for morphinism. Nearly every newspaper and magazine, and I am sorry to say some medical journals, contain one or more of these advertisements, and as it has been for the past dozen years my exclusive business to treat narcotic and alcoholic patients I have been much interested in searching for the best method of treatment. I have investigated several of the so-called three, five and ten-day cures. At none of
Radiation Accidents and Nuclear Energy: Medical Consequences and Therapy
Authors: Richard E. Champlin, William E. Kastenberg, Robert P. Gale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

After the accidents at Chernobyl, the Soviet Union, and in Goiania, Brazil, there is increasing concern about the medical risks from radiation accidents. This overview summarizes the principles of nuclear energy, the biologic effects of accidental radiation exposure, the emergency response to nuclear accidents, and approaches to treating radiation injuries. Also discussed are the related issues of reactor safety, the disposal of radioactive waste, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. With the increasing use of radioactive materials for power, weapons, and medical diagnostics, the medical community needs to understand the health consequences of radiation exposure.
Regulation of AChR Clustering by Dishevelled Interacting with MuSK and PAK1
Authors: Zhen G Luo, Qiang Wang, Jian Z Zhou, Jianbo Wang, Zhijun Luo, Mingyao Liu, Xi He, Anthony Wynshaw-Boris, Wen C Xiong, Bai Lu, Lin Mei
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Catechol-mediated effects of harmaline on the action potential of rat atrial fibres
Authors: R. CARPENTIER, J. NARVARTE, S. SANHUEZA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The mechanism of the transient enhancement of the amplitude of the action potential (AAP) induced by harmaline (HME) was studied in rat atria. The results show that HME increases AAP through an enhancement of the slow component responsible for the last part of the upstroke, which overcomes an inhibitory action on the initial fast component. The stimulatory effect on the slow component is mediated through adrenergic beta receptors and normally masks an alpha-dependent depressant effect.
The 28th Amendment
Authors: Frederick Paola
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 October 1999The 28th AmendmentFrederick Paola, MD, JDFrederick Paola, MD, JDUniversity of South Florida College of Medicine; Tampa, FL 33612Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I must take issue with Davidoff and Reinecke's editorial (1). I do so tentatively, however, wondering whether I have made the mistake of taking seriously a proposal intended to be tongue-in-cheek.The reference to slavery and the 13th Amendment is inapposite. With regard to slavery, one could argue that what “put it right once and for all” was not so much the 13th Amendment as the Civil War, which made that amendment possible. What made passage of the 13th Amendment legally necessary was the fact that the framers of the Constitution had explicitly accommodated the “peculiar institution” ...References1. Davidoff F, Reinecke RD. The 28th Amendment [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:692-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Stampp KA. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South. New York: Vintage Books; 1956. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of South Florida College of Medicine; Tampa, FL 33612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe 28th Amendment Frank Davidoff and Robert D. Reinecke The 28th Amendment Thomas J. Romano The 28th Amendment Ruric Anderson The 28th Amendment Frank Davidoff and Robert D. Reinecke The 28th Amendment Richard L. Neubauer Metrics 5 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 7Page: 542KeywordsHealth careRivers Issue Published: 5 October 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Phase I/II Study of Vinorelbine and Exisulind as First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients at Least 70 Years Old: A Wisconsin Oncology Network Study
Authors: Steven Attia, Anne M. Traynor, KyungMann Kim, Joseph J. Merchant, Tien Hoang, Harish G. Ahuja, Peter A. Beatty, Richard M. Hansen, Gregory A. Masters, Kurt R. Oettel, Gary R. Shapiro, Martha M. Larson, Marilyn L. Larson, Joan H. Schiller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)