tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery of the Alimentary Tract: Pancreas, Biliary Tract, Liver, Spleen
Authors: John L. Sawyers
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is the fourth volume of the second edition of<i>Surgery of the Alimentary Tract</i>. The first edition by Shackelford was published in three volumes in 1955 and was a very successful surgical textbook. The long-awaited second edition has been published over the past five years. Volume 1 on the esophagus was written by Dr Shackelford; the other volumes have been written with Dr George W. Zuidema, surgeon-in-chief of The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, as coeditor, with the help of several other surgeons, most of whom are or have been members of the faculty in the Department of Surgery at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Volume 2 dealt with the stomach and duodenum, volume 3 with the colon and rectum. Volume 5 on the mesentery, hernias, nutrition, and small bowel is being prepared. The material in this second edition has been entirely rewritten because of advances in surgery during the past
Abstract P2-01-02: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) may Express HER2/neu in Patients With Early HER2/neu Negative Breast Cancer – Results of the German SUCCESS C Trial
Authors: BAS Jaeger, BK Rack, U Andergassen, JK Neugebauer, CA Melcher, C Scholz, C Hagenbeck, K Schueller, R Lorenz, T Decker, G Heinrich, T Fehm, A Schneeweiss, W Lichtenegger, MW Beckmann, K Pantel, HL Sommer, K Friese, W Janni
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: There is growing evidence that the HER2/neu-status of distant metastases or minimal residual disease in blood and bone marrow may differ from the primary tumor in patients with breast cancer. The HER2/neu-status of CTCs was prospectively evaluated in patients with HER2/neu negative primary breast cancer randomized into the German multicenter SUCCESS C study. Methods: The SUCCESS C trial is a randomized Phase III study comparing FEC-Docetaxel (FEC-Doc) vs. Docetaxel-Cyclophosphamid (DC) as well as 2 years of a lifestyle-intervention in patients with early, HER2/neu negative, node positive or high-risk node negative primary breast cancer. As part of the translational research program, 23ml peripheral blood were drawn after adjuvant chemotherapy. In 505 samples, the prevalence of CTCs and their HER2/neu-status were assessed using the CellSearch System (Veridex, USA). After immunomagnetic enrichment with an anti-Epcam-antibody, cells were labelled with anti-CK8/18/19 and anti-CD45 antibodies. A fluorescein conjugate antibody with anti-CK-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) was used for HER2/neu phenotyping. The cut-off for CTC-positivity was ≥ 1 CTC and for HER2/neu ≥ 1 CTC with strong HER2/neu-staining (+++). Results: 26,9% of pts (n = 136) were positive for CTCs (mean 1.78; range 1–7; median = 1). The number of detected CTC was distributed as follows: 1 CTC (n = 76; 55.9%), 2 CTCs (n = 35; 25.7%), 3 CTCs (n = 13; 9.6%), 4 CTCs (n = 7; 5.2%) and ≥ 5 CTCs (n = 5; 3.7%). HER2/neu staning of CTCs was not detectable or weak in 26.5% (n = 36) and 4.4% (n = 6) of CTC positive patients respectively and therefore categorized as HER2/neu negative. In 32.4% of the CTC-positive patients (n = 44), we detected moderate and in 36.8% (n = 50) strong HER2/neu-staining of ≥ 1 CTC per sample. No association was found between CTCs or the HER2/neu-status of CTCs with tumor size, histopathological grading, hormone receptor status or axillary lymph node involvement. Conclusions: The data of this trial confirm previous findings that patients with HER2/neu negative primary breast cancer can show HER2/neu positive minimal residual disease. These results underline the importance of frequent HER2/neu determination during follow up and disease progression. Survival data within the Success C trial will give further insight into the tumor biology of HER2/neu negative disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-02.
An antigen-independent contact mechanism as an early step in T cell-proliferative responses to dendritic cells.
Authors: K Inaba, N Romani, R M Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Dendritic cells bearing antigen efficiently aggregate and stimulate antigen-specific T cells. We describe an experimental model in which an initial, apparently antigen-independent binding step is followed by ligation of the TCR. The model is the polyclonal response to mAb to the CD3 portion of the TCR complex. Epidermal and thymic dendritic cells utilize low levels of Fc receptors to present the anti-CD3 mAb and induce mitogenesis. Within 3 h of coculture, most of the dendritic cells have formed clusters with the resting T lymphocytes, and these clusters are the site for subsequent DNA synthesis and cell growth. However, the binding of dendritic cells to T cells proceeds as efficiently in the absence of anti-CD3 as in its presence, and anti-FcR mAb does not block. CD3 and Fc receptors are essential for the subsequent mitogenesis response in dendritic-T cell clusters. Because an exogenous ligand for the TCR does not seem to be required for the extensive polyclonal clustering of resting lymphocytes to dendritic cells, we suggest that an antigen-independent mechanism mediates the initial interaction. This clustering seems essential for T cell growth since we do not detect, in two-chamber experiments, soluble lymphocyte-activating factors that originate from dendritic-T cell aggregates and that activate anti-CD3-coated T cells.
Why the health secretary’s “well note” is not so swell
Authors: George Moncrieff
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Dynamic re-configuration of circuit function subserves the flexibility of innate behaviours tuned to physiological states. Internal energy stores adaptively regulate feeding-associated behaviours by integrating opposing hunger and satiety signals at the level of neural circuits. Across vertebrate lineages, the neuropeptides CART and NPY have potent anorexic and orexic functions, respectively, and show energy state-dependent expression in interoceptive neurons. However, how the antagonistic activities of these peptides modulate circuit plasticity remains unclear. Using behavioural, neuroanatomical and activity analysis in adult zebrafish, along with pharmacological interventions, we show that CART and NPY activities converge on a population of neurons in the dorsomedial telencephalon (Dm). While CART facilitates glutamatergic neurotransmission at the Dm, NPY dampens the response to glutamate. In energy-rich states, CART enhances NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function by PKA/PKC mediated phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR complex. Conversely, starvation triggers NPY-mediated reduction in phosphorylated NR1 via calcineurin activation and inhibition of cAMP production leading to reduced responsiveness to glutamate. Our data identify convergent integration of CART and NPY inputs by the Dm neurons to generate nutritional state-dependent circuit plasticity that is correlated with the behavioural switch induced by the opposing actions of satiety and hunger signals.
Abstract 3390: Cas-L promotes migration, invasion and recurrence in human lung cancer
Authors: Shunsuke Kondo, Satoshi Iwata, Yusuke Inoue, Taketo Yamada, Chikao Morimoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality world wide. Surgical intervention is currently the most effective treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) confined to the thorax. The relapse rate among patients with early-stage NSCLC is 40% within 5 years after potentially curative treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy is added to standard therapy, but the efficacy is limited. To identify molecular subtypes associated with outcome facilitates selecting patients who can be offered an additional treatment option Crk-associated substrate lymphocyte type (Cas-L) is a docking protein that is heavily tyrosine phosphorylated via β1 integrins and growth factor dependent signals in cancer cells and lymphocytes. Cas-L plays a role in biologically regulatied cell attachment, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle and also plays a role in the development of metastatic capability in cancer. Cas-L protein is identified with an essential switch for pro-metastatic behavior in tumors. Cas-L mRNA and protein expression were elevated in a significant percentage of metastatic melanomas and that this elevated Cas-L expression was required for the metastatic process. Here in, we showed the potential role of Cas-L in the phosphorylation and downstream signaling of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in NSCLC. Cas-L is involved in EGF-stimulated migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Additionally, we suggest that phosphorylation of Cas-L and the SH3 domain of Cas-L, and binding with docking proteins such as Src kinase and FAK, are necessary for EGF-stimulated migration and invasion. An in vivo mouse model showed Cas-L over-expression to promote tumorgenesis and metastasis. In clinical samples, our results show that Cas-L promotes invasion in N2 lymph nodes (p≡0.02), pathological lymphatic invasion (p≡0.01) and pathological venous invasion (p≡0.001). Furthermore, Cas-L is associated with recurrence (Hazard ratio 4.24, 95%CI 1.93-9.26; p&amp;lt;0.001) and prognosis (Hazard ratio 5.35, 95%CI 1.98-14.50, p≡0.001). In conclusion, Cas-L may be useful in selecting patients for adjuvant chemotherapy and serve as an important therapeutic target in NSCLC, as a recurrence marker. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3390.
Effect of HDL and atherogenic lipoproteins on formation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mrow /><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> and renin release in juxtaglomerular cells
Authors: Jan Galle, Alexandra Heinloth, Susanne Schwedler, Christoph Wanner
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Recombinant adenovirus vectors for cytokine gene therapy in mice
Authors: Hirokazu Kurata, Chang-Bai Liu, Joulieta Valkova, Alisa E. Koch, Hans Yssel, Yoko Hirabayashi, Tohru Inoue, Takashi Yokota, Ken-ichi Arai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Terry J. Mengert
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Since the American Board of Medical Specialties first granted emergency medicine specialty status in 1979, there have been numerous textbooks written and published to assist the resident and practitioner in the care of emergency patients. I have long felt, because of its overall excellence, depth, and thoroughness, that the finest of these texts is<i>Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</i>(senior editor, Dr Peter Rosen). This new text,<i>The Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine</i>, is also clearly deserving of its own place of easy access in the busy emergency department. The text has seven sections, which thoroughly cover the depth and breadth of emergency medicine: "Common Chief Complaints" (an adult patient's presenting signs and symptoms), "Surgical Emergencies" (with subsections devoted to each of the major surgical subspecialties from oral surgery to gynecology), "Trauma," "Toxicologic Emergencies" (very thorough, with 170 pages of text devoted to this area as compared with 116
SOME NEW METHODS OF TREATING CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: F. C. HEATH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

No apology is needed for proposing any new methods of treating a disease so intractable, in many cases, as chronic suppuration of the middle ear. That the methods about to be mentioned, in connection with a few cases cited, give miraculous results, are superior to all others or are applicable to every case, I am far from claiming, but they have certainly proved efficacious in some instances. A few cases will serve to illustrate these methods (perhaps more properly called modifications of one general method). <i>Case 1</i>.—Miss P., Indianapolis; nurse, aged 34, came to me Oct. 25, 1892, with history of pain in right ear for about a week. Had been treated for nasal catarrh for nearly a year by a competent specialist. No physical signs of phthisis discovered, but stated that she had had several hemorrhages. Bone conduction was better than air conduction. Watch heard but two inches from
Breast-feeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Authors: C R Pullan, G L Toms, A J Martin, P S Gardner, J K Webb, D R Appleton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The pattern of breast-feeding in 127 infants admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection was compared with that in 503 age-matched controls. Thirty per cent of children with infection had been breast-fed compared with 49% of controls. The approximate relative risk of being admitted to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus infection if not breast-fed was 2.2. Several other factors were also considered, including an assessment of maternal care and home environment; the mother9s age, marital state, and smoking habits; the number of siblings; and gestation. Adverse factors were all associated with an increased risk of admission with infection, but breast-feeding still appeared to provide protection after controlling for these other factors in turn. These findings provide further support for encouraging mothers to breast-feed their infants and should prompt further studies into the immune status of mothers and into the nature of the protective factors in their breast milk.
New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis
Authors: Nigel Mackman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Venous thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries, especially in the elderly. Many risk factors have been identified for venous thrombosis that alter blood flow, activate the endothelium, and increase blood coagulation. However, the precise mechanisms that trigger clotting in large veins have not been fully elucidated. The most common site for initiation of the thrombus appears to be the valve pocket sinus, due to its tendency to become hypoxic. Activation of endothelial cells by hypoxia or possibly inflammatory stimuli would lead to surface expression of adhesion receptors that facilitate the binding of circulating leukocytes and microvesicles. Subsequent activation of the leukocytes induces expression of the potent procoagulant protein tissue factor that triggers thrombosis. Understanding the mechanisms of venous thrombosis may lead to the development of new treatments.
Effect of orally administered prostaglandin E1 on gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility in man.
Authors: E W Horton, I H Main, C J Thompson, P M Wright
Journal: Gut (1968)

The effects of prostaglandin E1 administered orally in doses of 10-40 mug/kg were studied in 3 healthy male subjects aged 30 31 and 38 years to determine whether the prostaglandin inhibited the secretion of gastric juices.  There was no inhibition of pentagastrin-induced gastric secretion.  After higher doses of prostaglandin were administered gastric juice contained large amounts of bile.  Prostaglandin E1 administration also increased intestinal motility resulting in loose feces.  The findings show that prostaglandin E1 administered orally in humans fails to inhibit gastric secretion in doses which have effects on gastrointestinal motility.
Observations on mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia in man.
Authors: H J Wellens, D R Düren, K I Lie
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Fifty patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia were studied by endocavitary recordings and programmed electrical stimulation. Of 29 patients in whom tachycardia could be initiated, 18 had chronic coronary artery disease and eight had no detectable heart disease. Of 35 patients in whom the tachycardia could be terminated by premature ventricular stimuli, 21 had chronic coronary artery disease and eight had no detectable heart disease. Initiation of tachycardia was facilitated in 18 of 21 patients by pacing the ventricle at the slowest possible pacing rate. An inverse relation was found between the prematurity of the tachycardia-initiating premature beat and the interval between the premature beat and the first beat of tachycardia, a finding suggestive of a re-entry mechanism. The role of the specific conduction system in initiation and during tachycardia remains unknown. Stimulation site was found to affect initiation and termination of tachycardia and width of tachycardia zone.
Alternative Prostate Cancer Screening Strategies
Authors: Roman Gulati, Ruth Etzioni
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters21 May 2013Alternative Prostate Cancer Screening StrategiesRoman Gulati, MS and Ruth Etzioni, PhDRoman Gulati, MSFrom Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this author and Ruth Etzioni, PhDFrom Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The lifetime risk for prostate cancer diagnosis under PSA screening depends critically on the screening and biopsy practice setting. The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) model in our article is designed to represent U.S. clinical practice and estimates that lifetime risk ranges between 13.5% and 18.2%, depending on screening ages, intervals, and criteria for biopsy referral. In contrast, the Microsimulation Screening Analysis (MISCAN) model in Wever and colleagues' (1) and Heijnsdijk and associates' (2) studies represents practice in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer and, partly because of this different setting, gives higher estimates.... References1. Wever EM, Hugosson J, Heijnsdijk EA, Bangma CH, Draisma G, de Koning HJ. To be screened or not to be screened? Modeling the consequences of PSA screening for the individual. Br J Cancer. 2012;107:778-84. [PMID: 22805324] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Heijnsdijk EA, Wever EM, Auvinen A, Hugosson J, Ciatto S, Nelen V, et al. Quality-of-life effects of prostate-specific antigen screening. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:595-605. [PMID: 22894572] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Mariotto AB, Etzioni R, Krapcho M, Feuer EJ. Reconstructing PSA testing patterns between black and white men in the US from Medicare claims and the National Health Interview Survey. Cancer. 2007;109:1877-86. [PMID: 17372918] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M12-1645. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComparative Effectiveness of Alternative Prostate-Specific Antigen–Based Prostate Cancer Screening Strategies Roman Gulati , John L. Gore , and Ruth Etzioni Alternative Prostate Cancer Screening Strategies Michel Labrecque and Armen Aprikian Metrics Cited ByEvolution and Immediate Future of US Screening Guidelines 21 May 2013Volume 158, Issue 10Page: 778-779KeywordsBiopsyCancer screeningColorectal cancerConflicts of interestDisclosureLung and intrathoracic tumorsOvarian cancer screeningProstate cancer ePublished: 21 May 2013 Issue Published: 21 May 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Randomized, Prospective Field Trial of a Conjugate Vaccine in the Protection of Infants and Young Children against Invasive<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>Type b Disease
Authors: Juhani Eskola, Helena Käyhty, Aino K. Takala, Heikki Peltola, Pirjo-Riitta Rönnberg, Eija Kela, Eeva Pekkanen, Patrick H. McVerry, P. Helena Mäkelä
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Haemophilus influenzae type b is the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in young children. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine does not protect children at greatest risk (those under the age of 18 months), but a polysaccharide—protein conjugate vaccine has proved to be more immunogenic in this age group.
Spontaneous Healing of Umbilical Hernias
Authors: L. J. Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The progress of umbilical hernias left untaped was observed over a 10-year period in 118 of 147 outpatient premature infants. Spontaneous healing was the rule regardless of the size of the fascial defect or protuberance. In the 29 hernias that had to be taped to assuage parental anxiety, healing was less frequent. It is concluded that taping umbilical hernias in infancy to effect healing has no advantage over leaving them untaped.
Health Disparities and Access to Health
Authors: Nicole Lurie, Tamara Dubowitz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Catecholaminergic neurotransmitters regulate migration and repopulation of immature human CD34+ cells through Wnt signaling
Authors: Asaf Spiegel, Shoham Shivtiel, Alexander Kalinkovich, Aya Ludin, Neta Netzer, Polina Goichberg, Yaara Azaria, Igor Resnick, Izhar Hardan, Herzel Ben-Hur, Arnon Nagler, Menachem Rubinstein, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)