tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial of a leucotriene B4 receptor antagonist, BIIL 284, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: F. Diaz-Gonzalez, R. H E Alten, W. G Bensen, J. P Brown, J. T Sibley, M. Dougados, S. Bombardieri, P. Durez, P. Ortiz, G. de-Miquel, A. Staab, R. Sigmund, L. Salin, C. Leledy, S. H Polmar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Several clinical and experimental lines of evidence suggest that leucotriene B4 (LTB4), an arachidonic acid derivative with potent proinflammatory properties, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BIIL 284, an oral long-acting LTB4 receptor antagonist, as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active RA.This was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of patients with active RA of 3 months' duration. A total of 342 patients were randomised to receive 5 mg, 25 mg or 75 mg of BIIL 284 or placebo. The primary end point was the percentage of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20.Although a higher percentage of ACR 20 responders was observed in the groups treated with 25 mg and 75 mg of BIIL 284 compared with those treated with placebo, no statistically significant differences were found between any of the three active treatment groups compared with the placebo group with regard to the primary or secondary end points. All trial treatments were safe and well tolerated.This clinical trial demonstrates that treatment of patients with active RA with a potent oral long-acting LTB4 receptor antagonist produced only modest improvements in disease activity. The results of this trial support the conclusion that LTB4 is not a major contributor to the inflammatory process in RA.
Worsening Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Andrew Sherwood, James A. Blumenthal, Alan L. Hinderliter, Gary G. Koch, Kirkwood F. Adams, Carla Sueta Dupree, Daniel R. Bensimhon, Kristy S. Johnson, Ranak Trivedi, Margaret Bowers, Robert H. Christenson, Christopher M. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Genetic Risk Profiles Identify Different Molecular Etiologies for Glioma
Authors: Matthias Simon, Fay J. Hosking, Yannick Marie, Konstantinos Gousias, Blandine Boisselier, Catherine Carpentier, Johannes Schramm, Karima Mokhtari, Khe Hoang-Xuan, Ahmed Idbaih, Jean-Yves Delattre, Mark Lathrop, Lindsay B. Robertson, Richard S. Houlston, Marc Sanson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Genome-wide association studies have recently identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in five loci at 5p15.33 (rs2736100, TERT), 8q24.21 (rs4295627, CCDC26), 9p21.3 (rs4977756, CDKN2A/CDKN2B), 20q13.33 (rs6010620, RTEL1), and 11q23.3 (rs498872, PHLDB1) to be associated with glioma risk. Because gliomas are heterogeneous in histology, molecular alterations, and clinical behavior, we have investigated these polymorphisms for potential correlations with tumor histology and patient survival. Experimental Design: We studied the relationship between SNPs and glioma subtype in two large patient cohorts from France and Germany, totaling 1,577 patients, as well as the relationship between SNP genotype and overall survival. Results: In both cohorts, the frequencies of rs2736100 and rs6010620 risk genotypes were highly correlated with high-grade disease (P &amp;lt; 0.001), whereas rs4295627 and rs498872 risk genotypes were inversely related to tumor grade (P &amp;lt; 0.001). These data show that genetic variations at these loci have subtype-specific effects on the risk of developing glioma. In contrast, the rs4977756 genotype was not correlated with tumor grade, consistent with the causal variant having a generic influence on glioma development. None of the five SNPs was associated with prognosis independent of tumor grade. Conclusions: Our findings provide novel insight into etiologic pathways in the different glioma subtypes. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5252–9. ©2010 AACR.
Effects of chronic exposure to low doses of trichloroethylene on steroid hormone and insulin levels in normal men.
Authors: V H Goh, S E Chia, C N Ong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The aim of this study was to examine the serum levels of insulin and some adrenal steroid hormones in men chronically exposed to low doses of trichloroethylene (TCE). A total of 85 workers participated in this study. Each worker had urine collected and analyzed for trichloroacetic acids (UTCA) on the same day that a blood sample was taken for analyses of serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, cortisol, aldosterone, and insulin. The mean concentration of environmental TCE was 29.6 ppm and the mean UTCA was 22.4 mg/g creatinine (range 0.8-136.4). TCE exposure did not cause any significant changes to the adrenal steroid hormone productions. The results showed that UTCA was significantly correlated to serum insulin levels. Insulin and SHBG responded in tandem, with the highest levels found in workers exposed to TCE for less than 2 years; levels of both parameters were significantly lowered in those exposed for more than 2 years. A triphasic response in insulin levels to TCE, which depended on the duration of exposure, was noted. Initial exposure caused an acute rise in insulin levels. This was followed by a fall to normal levels in those exposed 2-4 years and then a slight rise in those exposed for more than 6 years. The mechanism for this pattern of response to TCE exposure is yet unknown.
On the Contagion of Scarlatina and Small-Pox
Authors: T. T. Pyle
Journal: BMJ (1871)

and was recumbent, I merely waited, hoping that the pulse would re- turn ; and I saw his respirations gradually become fainter and at longer intervals, till at the end of a minute or so they also ceased, and he seemed dead.I now kept up the movements of the chest artificially for about a minute, when he breathed again spontaneously, and his pulse returned.In a few minutes lie entirely recovered.It was the pulse which gave me the first warning of danger.Although I with- drew the chloroform whilst he was still breathing, he had a narrow escape, and I cannot avoid the conclusion that had he inhaled chloroform air instead of pure air, during the minute which followed the stop- ping of his pulse, he must have died.
Concomitant use of warfarin and cotrimoxazole or ciprofloxacin increased risk for admission for upper GI hemorrhage
Authors: Jerry H. Gurwitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Fischer HD, Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Kopp A, Laupacis A. Hemorrhage during warfarin therapy associated with cotrimoxazole and other urinary tract anti-infective agents: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:617-21. 20386005
Advantages of Aluminium Hydroxide Adsorbed Combined Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines for the Immunization of Infants
Authors: N. R. Butler, M. A. Voyce, W. L. Burland, M. L. Hilton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Three combined triple antigen vaccines were used to inoculate infants receiving primary immunization at 3 to 6 months of age. Laboratory potency and toxicity tests and clinical evaluation again showed that the mouse weight gain test is able to predict which vaccines will give reactions in children. The addition of aluminium hydroxide to the vaccine both increased potency and reduced the tendency to cause reactions. Assays on sera showed that almost all children produced agglutinins to Bordetella pertussis types 1, 2, and 3 when the vaccine contained aluminium hydroxide.
Malignant Metastatic Melanoma in Childhood
Authors: Jack Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Malignant melanoma with metastases is rare in children. In the recent review of the literature by Skov-Jensen et al<sup>1</sup>only 43 cases were found. They added two of their own, bringing the total to 45. There have been other reports of malignant melanoma (without metastases) in children, but many were probably benign "juvenile melanomas." This confusion of a malignant with a benign nonmetastasizing disease of similar histologic appearance accounts for the supposedly good prognosis of malignant melanomas prior to puberty. This letter describes the 46th case of metastatic malignant melanoma in a child. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 10-year-old boy had a mole removed from the base of the left side of his neck, near the midline posteriorly, in June 1965. It had grown rapidly and started to bleed. Grossly it resembled a pyogenic granuloma. Its histologic appearance was variously interpreted by pathologists as that of a
438 SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURE MODELING REVEALS EFFECTS OF NOVEL MUTATIONS IN POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE GENES PRKCSH AND SEC63
Authors: E. Waanders, D.B. De Koning, R.H.M. Te Morsche, H. Venselaar, P.S. Kamath, V.E. Torres, S. Somlo, J.P.H. Drenth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The rise and fall of chorionic villus sampling.
Authors: R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1991)

infections enhance disease are open to speculation.Some effects of dual infection may simply be due to production of interferon, but the true mechanisms of interaction remain largely unknown.Physical effects at the epithelial or mucosal site of entry may be important, and antigens may compete for the attention of the immune system after entry into the host.Most pathogens have probably evolved elaborate molecular methods of interfering with the immune response, and the well adapted host has probably got molecular counter- stratagems which might be relatively specific to a single infecting agent.The complexities of the processing and presentation of antigens are only recently becoming clear, while the checks and balances present within even the currently known network of immune cytokines are so com- plex that effects in intact lymphoid organs are almost impossible to predict.The sheer number of clinical and subclinical infections that occur in the first years of life makes simultaneous infections common.In the laboratory we strive to study infections by single agents, but this event is probably rare even in the best controlled experiments.In real life infections do not occur in isolation and need to be viewed in the context of the previous and concurrent experience of the immune system.The potential complexity of dual infections is daunting, but it needs to be taken into account if we are to unravel the immense variations in disease.
Book Review MAXX: The electronic library of medicine on CD-ROM CD-ROM, with manual, 21 pp. System needed: Multimedia IBM PC or compatible computer, with at least 4 MB RAM. (Also available for Macintosh System 7.0 or higher, with at least 4 MB RAM.) Philadelphia, Lippincott–Raven, 1997. $395 (single user). ISSN 1092-1508 (WIN).
Authors: Daniel Mimouni, Eytan Z. Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
MANIFESTATIONS OF NASAL ALLERGY: THEIR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Authors: H. M. Jay
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Further, distinguished men outside medicine give it their support, including leaders in the Anglican and Free Churches.As concerns sterilization: its practice is not new; it is rather that this country lags behind.It has been practised in Switzerland for nearly fifty years, and in California and certain other States for a long period.It is now
663 C-MET IN HEPATOCYTES IS PROTECTIVE AGAINST CHOLESTATIC LIVER INJURY AND FIBROSIS PROGRESSION VIA ANTI-APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS IN MICE
Authors: A. Giebeler, C. Klein, M. Boekschoten, M. Borowiak, C. Birchmeier, M. Mueller, C. Trautwein, K. Streetz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effects of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on hepatic adipocytokine expression
Authors: Alexander R. Moschen, Clemens Molnar, Anna Maria Wolf, Helmut Weiss, Ivo Graziadei, Susanne Kaser, Christoph F. Ebenbichler, Sylvia Stadlmann, Patrizia L. Moser, Herbert Tilg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Taxation of alcoholic beverages.
Authors: L Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

accepted that most systemic metastases are haema- togenous de novo and that simpler means of loco- regional control are equally successful.3The most effective adjuvant treatment is likely to be systemic agents such as fluorouracil and levamisole,4 al- though a significant survival advantage associated with postoperative infusion of fluorouracil into the portal vein has been found, reaching a 60% reduction in the odds of death.'Other groups have repeated this study and confirmed the reduced mortality but found it to be of smaller magnitude; many of these studies, however, were unable to show any reduction in the incidence of hepatic metastases-presumably the improved survival arose from systemic effects of the fluorouracil.6The benefits of portal vein infusion are being reassessed in the axis trial of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research; the flexibility of the trial's design could perhaps accommodate a desire by the surgeon to resect small lesions before portal vein infusion.7
Evolution of Early TIMI 2 Flow After Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jonathan S. Reiner, Conor F. Lundergan, Anthony Fung, Karin Coyne, Shyuan Cho, Noah Israel, John Kazmierski, George Pilcher, James Smith, Steven Rohrbeck, Mark Thompson, Frans Van de Werf, Allan M. Ross
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Patients with early Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 flow after thrombolysis appear to have outcomes similar to thrombolytic failures. To evaluate the origin and evolution of early TIMI 2 flow, we examined early and late angiographic and ventriculographic data from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO-1) angiographic study.Of the 914 patients with both 90-minute and 5- to 7-day catheterizations, 278 patients had TIMI grade 2 flow at 90 minutes. At follow-up, 188 (67%) had improved to TIMI grade 3 flow. At 90 minutes, patients with TIMI grade 2 flow had greater infarct vessel narrowing and a significantly greater incidence of thrombus than patients with TIMI grade 3 flow. At the 5- to 7-day follow-up, patients whose flow had improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to grade 3 flow at follow-up had larger-caliber vessels (minimum luminal diameter, 0.99 +/- 0.47 versus 0.84 +/- 0.48 mm; P = .03) and a lower incidence of visible thrombus (26% versus 38%, P = .04) than those with persistent TIMI grade 2 flow. These patients also had a higher mean ejection fraction (57.5 +/- 14.1% versus 52.8 +/- 12.9%, P = .02) and better infarct zone wall motion (-2.1 +/- 1.5 versus -2.6 +/- 1.3 SD per chord, P = .01) at the 5- to 7-day follow-up. Patients in whom flow improved from TIMI grade 2 at 90 minutes to TIMI grade 3 by 5 to 7 days had significantly better left ventricular function than patients with persistent TIMI grade 0, 1, or 2 flow and constituted a group whose left ventricular function was intermediate between those who had no reperfusion (TIMI grades 0 and 1) and those whose reperfusion was complete (TIMI grade 3).These data suggest that incomplete clot lysis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TIMI grade 2 flow. Furthermore, early TIMI grade 2 flow may be sufficient to provide prolonged myocyte viability, which will further recover if flow normalizes.
Misdiagnosis of hereditary angio-oedema type 1 and type 2
Authors: M.M. Gompels, R.J. Lock, D.J. Unsworth, S.L. Johnston, C.B. Archer, S.V. Davies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Hereditary angio-oedema is a rare, life-threatening, autosomal dominant condition caused by deficiency (type 1) or dysfunction (type 2) of complement C1 inhibitor. Serological assays to measure C1 inhibitor concentration and function are widely available. However, expert interpretation may not be.To review all cases within three NHS Trusts with a putative diagnosis of hereditary angio-oedema.Review of laboratory results and clinical notes of 44 cases of presumed hereditary angio-oedema.Audit revealed that 11 of 42 (26%) cases had been incorrectly considered to have a diagnosis of hereditary angio-oedema. Two of 44 had insufficient data to assess. All 11 had low functional C1 inhibitor recorded at presentation.available in these 11 cases at the time of diagnosis showed a normal or borderline C4 level (>or= 50% of mean normal, in contrast to hereditary angio-oedema, where C4 was less than 40% of mean normal) indicating that the low C1 inhibitor levels were a result of sample decay. Cases incorrectly diagnosed were predominantly female and had a mean age at presentation of 40 years (compared with 22 years for type 1 hereditary angio-oedema). Six of the 11 cases were offered C1 inhibitor concentrate (pooled plasma product) as treatment.We recommend that all suspected cases of hereditary angio-oedema are reviewed, that specialist advice is sought before making the diagnosis and that the diagnosis is only made after initial abnormal serology is confirmed on a second sample.
Improving Reports of Studies of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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Pulmonary Oedema and Intracranial Lesions
Authors: P. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDICAL JOURNAL~~~~T wo skulls were also cracked through lack of precautions.Now there is evidence that non-traumatic risks are present which if numerically fewer are no less unpleasant or hazardous.Summary The foregoing occurrence of acute pulmonary oedema with neurological disturbance followed promptly after completing the " mess trick " and the "fainting lark."Syncope in each case occurs through well-established physiological vascular changes.Lung trauma is considered to be an improbable cause of pulmonary oedema.Neither cerebral thrombosis nor cerebral haemorrhage is thought to be likely as a cause of neurological disturbance.A proved connexion exists between pulmonary oedema and cerebral damage: both conditions have been confirmed at post-mortem examination.With lesser degrees of cerebral damage recovery from pulmonary oedema may occur.The infliction of discrete lesions to the hypothalamic pre-optic nuclei in experimental animals is regularly followed by acute and severe pulmonary oedema.Un- inhibited vasomotor impulses in these animals will move blood from regions of high contrictor potential into lung vessels possessing low constrictor potential.The pulmonary oedema that follows is essentially neuro-haemodynamic in origin.By applying to man the principle elicited by this experimental work, an unusual symptom-complex after the fainting lark or mess trick becomes understandable.The presence is postulated, in these people, of unsuspected anatomical and morphological anomalies in the ultimate arterial supply to the hypothalamus and upper brain-stem; this, coupled with the very marked reduction in overall cerebral blood flow that accompanies a dedicated per- formance of the fainting lark, is calculated to deprive of blood both the oedemagenic centre in the hypothalamus (presumed to exist in man) and parts of the upper brain- stem.It would be tantamount to their sustaining arterial shutdown.Therefore this reversible neural disturbance most probably causes neuro-haemodynamic changes which result in pulmonary oedema and a variable neural dysfunction in the upper brain-stem.
Effect of Nasogastric Tube Size on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Microaspiration in Intubated Patients
Authors: Miquel Ferrer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Little evidence exists to support the theory that small-bore nasogastric tubes prevent gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients. Objective: To determine whether gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients can be reduced by the use of a small-bore nasogastric tube. Design: Randomized, two-period crossover trial. Setting: Respiratory intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 17 patients intubated for more than 72 hours. Interventions: Radioactive technetium colloid was instilled in each patient's stomach. Patients were studied with two nasogastric tubes (one tube with a 6.0-mm external bore and one tube with a 2.85-mm external bore) in randomized order; measurements of radioactive counts with the alternate size of nasogastric tube were repeated 72 hours after original measurements were taken. Sequential samples of serum, gastric juice, and pharyngeal and tracheal secretions were obtained. Measurements: Comparison of the time course of radioactive counting in all samples (obtained during the use of each nasogastric tube size in each patient). Results: The mean radioactive count of pharyngeal aspirates (P = 0.004) was greater than the baseline count at all time points, as was the cumulative radioactive count of pharyngeal aspirates 17 hours after the first dose of technetium colloid was administered (P = 0.001); however, the count of tracheal aspirates was never greater than the count at baseline. No differences were found between tube types when the time course and cumulative counts of pharyngeal and tracheal samples were compared. Conclusion: Small-bore nasogastric tubes in intubated patients do not reduce gastroesophageal reflux or microaspiration.
New guidelines on managing back pain are similar to previous ones
Authors: J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Interferon beta in multiple sclerosis Reducing frequency and severity of relapses will be of great clinical benefitEditor-Richard G Richards's editorial on interferon beta in multiple sclerosis deals with the "clinical cost effectiveness" of the drug in the disease, but it lacks a fair balance, emphasising the cost effectiveness and minimising the clinical effectiveness of the drug. 1 Richards states that "the studies showed no evidence of any reduction in the more clinically relevant endpoint-the progression of disability, which should be the goal of treatment."This is his personal judgment and does not reflect the needs and wishes of patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.Multiple sclerosis is a distressing, humiliating, and often long drawn out disease with no cure.For this reason, quality of life, for the patients and their families, is paramount.A drug that can reduce the frequency and severity of relapses, whether or not it diminishes the progression of the disease, will be of great clinical benefit to many patients, improving their situation physically, psychologically, and socially.Surely happiness, feeling better, and increased health have great value.This is what many of us believe that the practice of our profession is about.
Uncoupling proteins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Helena Cortez-Pinto, Mariana V. Machado
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

HDMCP uncouples yeast mitochondrial respiration and alleviates steatosis in L02 and hepG2 cells by decreasing ATP and H2O2 levels: A novel mechanism for NAFLDJournal of HepatologyVol. 50Issue 5PreviewTo explore the uncoupling activity of hepatocelluar downregulated mitochondrial carrier protein (HDMCP) in a yeast expression system and its function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Full-Text PDF