tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CESAREAN SECTION FOR PLACENTA PRÆVIA AN IMPROPER PROCEDURE.THE STATISTICAL STUDY OF 25 REPORTED CASES WITH THE COMPARATIVE MORTALITIES OF 1,257 CASES OF CESAREAN SECTION AND 4,731 CASES OF PLACENTA PRÆVIA TREATED OBSTETRICALLY.
Authors: RUDOLPH WIESER HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

On account of the marvelous results obtained by asepsis and antisepsis, and by the safe administration of anesthetics, obstetrics is becoming an inviting field for surgical intervention. Indeed, operative obstetrics has so broadened in the past decade that now the care of parturient women is a distinct surgical specialty, and its wealth of literature vies with that of other specialties. In fact, in certain directions, it almost seems as if the<i>furor operativus</i>which swayed the ovariotomist one and two decades ago, has seized those who come in contact with pregnant and parturient women. Operations which are safe and expedient when performed for one type of indications are applied erroneously to complications of a very different sort; deductions made from one class of cases are fallaciously made to fit another without due consideration of the consequences. The application of the Cesarean section to placenta prævia comes within this category. It is folly to compare the results of Cesarean section for a contracted pelvis with those of placenta
Handguns and Homicide
Authors: Robert J. Dreher
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To  Editor.—  In his article, Dr Charles Browning correctly implies in his last sentence that physicians have an obligation to their patients. As professionals, we have an obligation to our patients and to  public that requires that our scientific curiosity be used to consider all  data in an unbiased approach to arrive at an accurate conclusion.  Dr Browning's entire argument is based on  theory that handgun controls will decrease  rate of homicide. The most extensive and sophisticated national study done on this subject, carried out under federal funding at  University of Wisconsin in 1974 and 1975, was an analysis that took into account every demographic variable that was found to have any statistically significant impact on a comparison of states with differing gun laws. The study found that the conclusion is inevitably that gun-control laws have no individual or collective effect in reducing
SGN-CD33A: a novel CD33-targeting antibody–drug conjugate using a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer is active in models of drug-resistant AML
Authors: May S. Kung Sutherland, Roland B. Walter, Scott C. Jeffrey, Patrick J. Burke, Changpu Yu, Heather Kostner, Ivan Stone, Maureen C. Ryan, Django Sussman, Robert P. Lyon, Weiping Zeng, Kimberly H. Harrington, Kerry Klussman, Lori Westendorf, David Meyer, Irwin D. Bernstein, Peter D. Senter, Dennis R. Benjamin, Jonathan G. Drachman, Julie A. McEarchern
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 3796: Endophilin II promotes breast tumor progression and metastasis.
Authors: Tomas Baldassarre, Jalna Meens, Andrew W. Craig
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Invadopodia are filamentous actin-based membrane protrusions with extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading activity that are implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. A key step in invadopodia formation involves the recruitment of the membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP) to invadopodia precursors. Surface expression of MT1-MMP promotes ECM degradation and cell invasiveness, and this is dependent on Src kinase-induced phosphorylation and inhibition of endocytic proteins. In fibroblasts, MT1-MMP internalization was regulated by Endophilin II (Endo II), a widely expressed protein implicated in synaptic vesicle uncoating and recycling in neurons. Here, we tested the role of Endo II in invadopodia formation in basal-like breast cancer cells, and in tumor progression and metastasis in mice. High levels of Endo II expression were observed in basal breast cancer cell lines with high Src kinase and ECM-degrading activity. Immunohistochemistry staining also identified Endo II expression in primary breast tumors and lymph node metastases. To define the functions of Endo II, we achieved stable silencing of Endo II in two basal breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCC1806). Although Endo II was not required for uptake of receptors via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (EGFR, TfR), we observed a significant reduction in numbers of invadopodia and ECM degradation upon Endo II silencing. Consistent with invadopodia defects in vitro, Endo II silencing led to a significant reduction in tumor growth and metastases in mouse orthotopic tumor xenografts assays performed with both basal breast cancer cell models. This study provides novel insights into roles of Endo II as a positive regulator of invadopodia and basal breast cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Tomas Baldassarre, Jalna Meens, Andrew W. Craig. Endophilin II promotes breast tumor progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3796. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3796
Greater auricular nerve in diagnosis of leprosy.
Authors: S G Browne
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Locomotion is common to all animals and is essential for survival. Neural circuits located in the spinal cord have been shown to be necessary and sufficient for the generation and control of the basic locomotor rhythm by activating muscles on either side of the body in a specific sequence. Activity in these neural circuits determines the speed, gait pattern, and direction of movement, so the specific locomotor pattern generated relies on the diversity of the neurons within spinal locomotor circuits. Here, we review findings demonstrating that developmental genetics can be used to identify populations of neurons that comprise these circuits and focus on recent work indicating that many of these populations can be further subdivided into distinct subtypes, with each likely to play complementary functions during locomotion. Finally, we discuss data describing the manner in which these populations interact with each other to produce efficient, task-dependent locomotion.
Sometimes, Things Are Not Always What They Seem
Authors: A. Ross Naylor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)

Shishehbor et al. [(1)][1] performed an analysis of outcomes after 3 strategies for treating cardiac surgery patients with concurrent carotid disease. They concluded (in a cohort of predominantly asymptomatic patients with unilateral carotid disease) that staged carotid artery stenting (CAS) and
Fossil fuel biodegradation: laboratory studies.
Authors: P J Chapman, M Shelton, M Grifoll, S Selifonov
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Biodegradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of creosote by undefined bacterial cultures was shown to be accompanied by the accumulation of neutral and acidic oxidation products. Formation of a number of identified neutral products is accounted for by demonstration of anomalous actions of an arene dioxygenase on the benzylic methylene and methylene carbons of napthenoaromatic hydrocarbons. Both neutral and acidic water-soluble fractions are also formed when various mixed bacterial cultures degrade weathered crude oil. While constituents of these fractions are not yet identified, the neutral materials have been shown to be toxic to developing embryos of invertebrates. These observations are discussed in relation to chemical and toxicological assessments of biodegradation of the complex chemical mixtures of fossil fuels.
Biphasic changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during dynamic exercise in patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yasushi Takeichi, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Mitsunori Iwase, Hideo Izawa, Takao Nishizawa, Ryoji Ishiki, Fuji Somura, Kohzo Nagata, Satoshi Isobe, Akiko Noda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Barrett's ulcer: cause of spontaneous oesophageal perforation.
Authors: A J Limburg, E J Hesselink, J H Kleibeuker
Journal: Gut (1989)

We report two patients, who presented within six months with the classic clinical picture of 9spontaneous9 oesophageal perforation, which was caused by a perforated Barrett9s ulcer. These two cases underline the importance of postoperative endoscopy in ruling out intrinsic oesophageal disease as the cause of the rupture in every patient, who survives this life threatening condition.
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
Authors: Norman M. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Four patients with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis were recently treated with oxygen via a close-fitting mask. They responded initially to this therapy, with cessation of all symptoms and, after seven days of treatment, with return of proctoscopic and barium-contrast roentgenographic findings in the colon to normal. However, the disease recurred in one of the four patients after six months. There is a potential hazard of toxic effects from oxygen, and this may be detected by frequent measurement of pulmonary vital capacity. Our experience corroborates the efficacy of oxygen therapy in the treatment of this disorder but we question its long-term effectiveness in all cases.
DNA methylation for subtype classification and prediction of treatment outcome in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lili Milani, Anders Lundmark, Anna Kiialainen, Jessica Nordlund, Trond Flaegstad, Erik Forestier, Mats Heyman, Gudmundur Jonmundsson, Jukka Kanerva, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Stefan Söderhäll, Mats G. Gustafsson, Gudmar Lönnerholm, Ann-Christine Syvänen
Journal: Blood (2009)
Antigenic differences in nuclear proteins of normal liver and hepatoma
Authors: E Ruoslahti, E Engvall, H Jalanko, DE Comings
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

A nuclear antigen was detected in the mouse liver nonhistone protein fraction by using antibodies to whole liver cells. The antigen was purified to homogeneity from perchloric acid extracts of liver tissue. It gave a single band corresponding to tool wt 21,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Amino acid and carbohydrate analysis showed predominance of the acidic amino acids, lack of proline, and absence of carbohydrate. Immunofluorescence staining of liver sections confirmed the nuclear localization of the antigen. Its tissue distribution was studied by using radioimmunoassay. Of the various tissues extracted for analysis, the liver contained the highest amounts of the antigen, about 1 mug/mg of solubilized liver protein. Other tissues examined showed 2-4 percent of the amount of antigen present in the liver. Two transplantable hepatomas in C3H/HeJ and C57L/J mice, respectively, and three spontaneous C3H hepatomas showed greatly decreased levels of the antigen compared to normal liver. The amount of antigen in hepatomas varied from nondetectable to 2 percent of the amount of antigen found in the livers of the mice. The antigen was also found in the blood. The antigen was found in high concentrations (up to 13 mg/ml) in the urine of normal mice. This suggests identity with the previously known mouse urinary protein (MUP). In addition to the extremely high urinary output, the properties found to be shared by MUP and the nuclear antigen included similar serum concentrations (2-60 mug/ml), a sex difference with lower values in females, same molecular size as determined by gel filtration, and immunological identity. The nuclear localization of MUP and its disappearance from hepatomas suggest that it may have an important regulatory function.
Two phase randomised controlled clinical trial of postoperative oral dietary supplements in surgical patients.
Authors: A M Keele, M J Bray, P W Emery, H D Duncan, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Previous work has shown that the administration of oral dietary supplements to patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery results in clinically significant short term benefits. AIMS: This study aimed firstly to re-evaluate these short term effects, and secondly to establish whether there are any long term benefits. SUBJECTS: One hundred patients admitted for elective moderate or major gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS: In the inpatient phase, patients were randomised to receive a normal ward diet postoperatively, or the same diet supplemented with an oral dietary supplement. In the outpatient phase, patients were further randomised to receive their home diet, or their home diet supplemented with the oral dietary supplement for four months. RESULTS: During the inpatient phase, patients treated with oral supplements had a significantly improved nutritional intake and lost less weight (2.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.9 kg) compared with control patients (4.2 (0.78) kg, p &lt; 0.001). Supplemented patients maintained their hand grip strength whereas control patients showed a significant reduction in grip strength (p &lt; 0.01). Subjective levels of fatigue increased significantly above preoperative levels in control patients (p &lt; 0.01) but not in the supplemented group. Twelve patients in the control group developed complications compared with four in the supplemented group (p &lt; 0.05). In the outpatient phase, supplemented patients had improved nutrient intakes but there were no significant differences in indices of nutritional status or wellbeing between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prescription of oral dietary supplements to patients who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery results in clinically significant benefits. These benefits, however, are restricted to the inpatient phase.
Trichloroethylene and cancer: epidemiologic evidence.
Authors: D Wartenberg, D Reyner, C S Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Trichloroethylene is an organic chemical that has been used in dry cleaning, for metal degreasing, and as a solvent for oils and resins. It has been shown to cause liver and kidney cancer in experimental animals. This article reviews over 80 published papers and letters on the cancer epidemiology of people exposed to trichloroethylene. Evidence of excess cancer incidence among occupational cohorts with the most rigorous exposure assessment is found for kidney cancer (relative risk [RR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.7), liver cancer (RR = 1.9, 95% CI(1.0-3.4), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.3) as well as for cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and multiple myeloma. However, since few studies isolate trichloroethylene exposure, results are likely confounded by exposure to other solvents and other risk factors. Although we believe that solvent exposure causes cancer in humans and that trichloroethylene likely is one of the active agents, we recommend further study to better specify the specific agents that confer this risk and to estimate the magnitude of that risk.
LY-6C intermediate and LY-6CLO intrahepatic macrophage subsets orchestrate resolution of hepatic fibrosis following chronic injury
Authors: P. Ramachandran, A. Pellicoro, M. Vernon, S. N. Hartland, A. Ali, R. L. Aucott, S. J. Forbes, J. P. Iredale
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatic fibrosis is potentially reversible. Macrophages are heterogenous and have distinct roles in fibrogenesis and resolution. Studies have identified a pro-inflammatory Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> macrophage subset in mediating fibrogenesis. However, little is known about the identity or phenotype of the restorative hepatic macrophage. Here we identify and characterise the macrophage subset mediating resolution of liver fibrosis following chronic injury. <h3>Methods</h3> Liver fibrosis was induced in adult male mice by twice-weekly CCl<sub>4</sub> injections for 4 weeks, followed by histological assessment or flow cytometry analysis at serial time points following cessation. <h3>Results</h3> Following cessation of CCl<sub>4</sub> distinct phases of injury and recovery could be identified: active inflammation and fibrogenesis (24 h), peak fibrosis (48–72 h), early resolution with dynamic loss of myofibroblasts and remodelling of majority of scar tissue (72–96 h) and late resolution with degradation of remainder of fibrosis (96–256 h). Intrahepatic macrophage subsets demonstrated an increase in Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> cells during inflammation and fibrogenesis. During resolution there is a rapid loss of these Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> cells and emergence of Ly-6C intermediate and Ly-6C<sup>lo</sup> macrophage subsets. Using CD11B-DTR transgenic mice we depleted macrophages during early resolution, resulting in a failure to remodel hepatic scar. Critically, depletion was selective for the Ly-6C<sup>int</sup> and Ly-6C<sup>lo</sup> liver macrophage subsets, and the degree of depletion of these cells correlated significantly with the amount of persistent fibrosis, thus confirming their role in scar resolution. Adoptive transfer and tracking experiments demonstrated that during early resolution the Ly-6C<sup>int</sup> cells derive from Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> circulating monocytes, indicating a phenotypic switch from pro-inflammatory to early pro-resolution macrophages. During late resolution Ly-6C<sup>lo</sup> monocytes are recruited to replenish resident ‘Kupffer’ cells. Gene expression analysis on FACS sorted pro-resolution Ly-6C<sup>int</sup> macrophages compared with pro-fibrotic Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> macrophages demonstrated reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL2 and MCP-1 and an increase in expression of matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP-12 and MMP-9. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have identified novel Ly-6C<sup>int</sup> and Ly-6C<sup>lo</sup> intrahepatic macrophage subsets as central orchestrators in the resolution of liver fibrosis. Critically, during early resolution the Ly-6C<sup>int</sup> cells derive from a phenotypic switch in pro-fibrotic Ly-6C<sup>hi</sup> cells, resulting in a change in macrophage gene expression from one promoting fibrogenesis to one favouring fibrosis resolution.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG
Authors: O. H. Robertson, Morton Hamburger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

On the basis of earlier findings, which suggested that interlobar spread in experimental canine pneumonia was due to the flow of infected edematous exudate from the initially involved lobe to other parts of the lung by way of the air passages, an attempt was made to induce secondary lesions by means of the intrabronchial and intratracheal injection of fluid pneumonic exudate. Such exudate was aspirated from the lungs of dogs with rapidly evolving lesions and injected through a bronchoscope into other animals showing well localized monolobar involvement which is seldom associated with spread to other parts of the lung. The deposition of relatively small amounts of fluid exudate in the larger air passages 24 to 48 hours after the onset of the disease was followed regularly by the occurrence of secondary lesions provided the dog was maintained in a position favoring the flow of fluid into the depths of the lung. Lesions in the various lobes could be produced at will by arranging the position of the animals so that the injected fluid would be carried by gravity into the most dependent bronchial opening nearest the point at which the exudate was deposited. Pneumonia was produced by this means as readily in normal dogs as in those with infection already present. If, however, the dog was placed in a position unfavorable to the flow of fluid into the bronchi, infection did not occur. Likewise the injection of viscid pneumonic exudate, with the animal tilted at an angle most favorable for entrance into the lobe bronchi, did not result in pulmonary involvement. These artificially induced secondary lesions resembled in every way both macroscopically and microscopically those occurring spontaneously in the course of the experimental disease.
Serum Calcium and Peripheral Resistance
Authors: MEYER D. LIFSCHITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1972Serum Calcium and Peripheral ResistanceMEYER D. LIFSCHITZ, M.D.MEYER D. LIFSCHITZ, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-3-482_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Weidmann and colleagues, "Blood Pressure Effects of Acute Hypercalcemia" (1), documents without question the reproducibility of this phenomena but leaves open for discussion the mechanism by which an increase of serum calcium leads to a rise in blood pressure. The authors suggest that this effect is probably due to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance.This increase has been documented in the literature. Maxwell, Elliott, and Robertson (2) studied 10 anesthetized dogs and measured cardiac output during a calcium infusion. They found that blood pressure rose in their animals at a time when cardiac...References1. WEIDMANN P, MASSRY S, and COBURN J: Blood pressure effects of acute hypercalcemia. Studies in patients with chronic renal failure. Ann Intern Med 76:741-745, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MAXWELL G, ELLIOTT R, and ROBERTSON E: The effect of acute hypercalcemia upon the heart of the intact dog. Am J Cardiol 13:798-800, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LIFSCHITZ M, PAK C, and HENNEMAN D: Treatment of osteoporosis with calcium infusions. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 83:254-266, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MEYER D. LIFSCHITZ, M.D.Affiliations: Medical Center University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Hemodynamic Effect of Calcium Ion Concentration in the Infusate During Predilution Hemofiltration in Chronic Renal FailureBlood Pressure Response to Changes in Serum Ionized Calcium During HemodialysisJOHN C. MAYNARD, M.D., COSME CRUZ, M.D., MICHAEL KLEEREKOPER, M.D., NATHAN W. LEVIN, M.D.Sympathetic system function and vascular reactivity in hypercalcemic patients. 1 September 1972Volume 77, Issue 3Page: 482-482KeywordsBlood pressureCalciumCardiac outputHypercalcemiaPeripheral vascular resistanceReproducibility ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) mutations lead to increased TH17 cell numbers and regulatory T-cell instability
Authors: Laura Passerini, Sven Olek, Sara Di Nunzio, Federica Barzaghi, Sophie Hambleton, Mario Abinun, Alberto Tommasini, Silvia Vignola, Marco Cipolli, Mario Amendola, Luigi Naldini, Luisa Guidi, Massimiliano Cecconi, Maria G. Roncarolo, Rosa Bacchetta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Luck in Surgery
Authors: John Burke
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE PAST CENTURY there have been numerous philosophic or semiphilosophic essays concerning surgery. Not infrequently, the role of chance or luck is discussed and reference is usually made to Nikolaus Pirogoff's<i>Luck in Surgery</i>, or more occasionally,<i>Glück in Chirurgie</i>. A more exact reference is seldom, if ever, given. Pirogoff (1810-1881) did write concerning<i>Glück in der Chirurgie</i>, and frequently refers to<i>Glück</i>in other papers. The supposition that Pirogoff referred to glück as meaning luck or chance is apparently the result of a perennial mistranslation. The German word<i>Glück</i>has at least a dozen different meanings, such as fortune, good fortune, luck, good luck, success, happiness, felicity, prosperousness, prosperity, chance, hap, and hazard.<sup>1</sup>The only Pirogoff paper available to me in which the word<i>Glück</i>appears in the title is:<i>Betrachtungen über die Schwierigkeiten der chirurgischen Diagnose und uber das Glück in der Chirurgie, durch Beobachtungen</i>