tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE HETEROPHILE ANTIGEN AND SOMATIC POLYSACCHARIDE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Mark H. Adams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. The lipocarbohydrate or F polysaccharide derived from a rough variant of Type I pneumococcus (I R) is antigenic in rabbits and gives rise to precipitins and sheep cell hemolysins. The somatic or C carbohydrate on the other hand is not antigenic. 2. Antisera for the rough variant of Type 1 pneumococcus contain also bacterial agglutinins immunologically unrelated to the C and F precipitins and the heterophile antibody. 3. A study has been made of the quantitative precipitin reaction of the C and F polysaccharides in the serum of rabbits immunized with the IR pneumococcus clarifying certain of these relationships.
Racial Differences in Plasma High-Density Lipoproteins in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Andrew P. Goldberg, Herschel R. Harter, Wolfgang Patsch, Kenneth B. Schechtman, Michael Province, Carol Weerts, Ilmar Kuisk, M. Martha McCrate, Gustav Schonfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Racial Differences in Plasma High-Density Lipoproteins in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis — A Possible Mechanism for Accelerated Atherosclerosis in White Men
High-throughput screening with nanoimprinting 3D culture for efficient drug development by mimicking the tumor environment
Authors: Yukie Yoshii, Takako Furukawa, Atsuo Waki, Hiroaki Okuyama, Masahiro Inoue, Manabu Itoh, Ming-Rong Zhang, Hidekatsu Wakizaka, Chizuru Sogawa, Yasushi Kiyono, Hiroshi Yoshii, Yasuhisa Fujibayashi, Tsuneo Saga
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
The Epidemiology of Intravenous Vancomycin Usage in a University Hospital
Authors: Javier Ena
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To examine the trends of intravenous vancomycin usage during a 10-year period, to classify the indications for which physicians prescribed the antibiotic, and to identify the independent predictors for empirical use of vancomycin.A descriptive epidemiological study, a cross-sectional study, and a case-control study were performed.A 900-bed university-teaching hospital.The annual crude usage (grams) and incidence density (grams/1000 patient-days) of vancomycin were measured for 10 years (July 1981 to July 1991). In 109 randomly selected patient medical records, we evaluated the proportion of usage of vancomycin classified as prophylaxis, empirical therapy, or specifically directed therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify determinants of empirical administration of vancomycin vs a penicillase-resistant penicillin to 64 case patients and 64 control patients.The rate of vancomycin usage increased 20-fold from 5.72 g/1000 patient-days in 1981 to 121.25 g/1000 patient-days in 1991. The use of vancomycin was significantly higher (P < .0001) in hematology-oncology areas compared with that in other hospital areas. The rates for each indication for vancomycin were 35.0% for prophylaxis 31.8% for empirical therapy, and 33.2% for therapy specifically directed by culture results. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of "plastic" medical devices was the best independent predictor for patients receiving vancomycin: intravenous lines (odds ratio [OR], 6.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28 to 17.06; P < .001), Hickman catheters (OR, 76.12; 95% CI, 15.06 to 384.73; P < .001), and other medical devices (OR, 10.50; 95% CI, 2.54 to 43.38; P = .001).Vancomycin use has increased linearly in the last decade primarily related to the presence of indwelling vascular devices in hematology-oncology patients. Use of vancomycin is equally divided among empirical therapy, prophylaxis, and specific therapy for a documented infection.
Autoantibodies against nuclear envelope-associated proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Francisco Lozano, Albert Parés, Luis Borche, Montserrat Plana, Teresa Gallart, Joan Rodés, Jordi Vives
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

An antinuclear immunofluorescence pattern displaying a thin ring confined to the nuclear envelope was assessed in sera from 38 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in sera from a control group of 277 patients with other antinuclear antibody-positive diseases. This rim-like antinuclear reactivity was present in sera from 20 primary biliary cirrhosis patients (52.6%) but in only two patients from the control group (0.7%) (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, this autoantibody was present in three of four primary biliary cirrhosis patients without antimitochondrial antibodies. Presence of this rim-like pattern in primary biliary cirrhosis did not correlate with the presence of associated autoimmune diseases nor with other clinical, biochemical, nor histological features of the disease. The antigenic specificity of sera displaying this antinuclear immunofluorescence pattern was characterized by Western blot analysis using an antigenic extract containing nuclear envelope proteins purified from rat liver. Sixteen of the 20 positive sera showed a common pattern of reactivity with a set of nuclear envelope-associated proteins approximately 200 kD in size. In conclusion, sera from primary biliary cirrhosis patients showing a rim-like fluorescent nuclear pattern have antinuclear autoantibodies that react specifically with components of the nuclear envelope. The high specificity of these new autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis indicate that they might be a serological marker of the disease, particularly useful in patients without antimitochondrial antibodies.
EU commits $1bn to global fund
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The president of the European Commission, Romano Prodi, guaranteed a European contribution of $1bn (£630m; €890m) for 2004 to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

But he warned that the European Union, with its 15 sovereign states, sometimes worked slowly. President Prodi was speaking last week at the closing of an international conference in Paris of representatives of the fund, which was created in June 2002.

The global fund supports country based interventions against disease. Since its creation it has received about $4.6bn in pledges and $1.4bn in actual donations to finance more than 150 programmes in 92 countries. Of this amount 60% has been allocated to Africa and 65% has …
Lack of N regions in fetal and neonatal mouse immunoglobulin V-D-J junctional sequences.
Authors: A J Feeney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Much of T and B lymphocyte receptor diversity derives from the addition of nontemplated N regions at the junctions of receptor gene elements, although fetal T cells expressing gamma/delta receptors lack N regions. I have sequenced immunoglobulin H chain variable regions of PCR-amplified DNA and cDNA from fetal and newborn mouse liver and spleen cells. These sequences showed an absence of N regions. Only 1/87 DNA sequences and 17/146 RNA sequences contained N regions, in striking contrast to adult Ig sequences. These data show that N region insertion is a developmentally regulated process in B cells as well as in T cells, and demonstrate that receptor diversity in neonatal B cells is limited by the absence of N regions as well as by biased usage of Vh genes.
Ultrasonographic Manifestations of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Glucose Intolerance in Elderly Eastern Finnish Men
Authors: Jaakko Tuomilehto, Qing Qiao, Riitta Salonen, Aulikki Nissinen, Jukka T Salonen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To study the association of ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis with glucose intolerance in survivors of the cohort of men born in 1900-1919 in eastern Finland.Carotid ultrasonography was carried out for 182 men in 1989. Glucose tolerance status classified based on an oral glucose tolerance test in 1984 and 1989 surveys was used in both prospective and cross-sectional analyses.Carotid atherosclerosis was common in men aged 70-89 years. There was no significant difference in the maximal carotid intimal-medial thickness between diabetic and nondiabetic men and over different age-groups; it was 1.28, 1.33, and 1.36 mm in subjects with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and normal glucose tolerance, respectively (P = 0.69). No association between the presence of a nonmineralized or a mineralized atherosclerotic lesion with diabetes was found. Fasting plasma insulin did not relate to ultrasonographically detectable atherosclerotic lesions.Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia may not be main contributors to atherosclerosis in elderly men, partly because smoking is less common and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations are lower in diabetic men than in men with normal glucose tolerance.
Friends of man who went to Dignitas clinic wait to see if they will be prosecuted
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two friends of a man who left a care home in northeast England and travelled to Dignitas in Switzerland to take his own life are waiting to hear whether they will be prosecuted for assisting in his suicide.

Douglas Sinclair, 76, who had multiple system atrophy, booked a taxi and left Stapleton House care home in Jarrow without saying that he was going to Newcastle upon Tyne airport to fly to Zurich. When he failed to return, the home reported him missing to police.

The police contacted his solicitor, Christopher Potts, who …
Doctor who gave consultations and prescriptions on the internet is suspended
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors should be used only as the last choice after other types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve chronic pain in people with heart disease or at high risk of it, the American Heart Association has recommended.Its statement, published online in Circulation on 26 February (http://circ.ahajournals.orgdoi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.181424), was designed to end any remaining confusion about the cardiovascular risk of these agents.The association has recommended a stepped approach to treatment.The first step should be non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical therapy and weight loss, for patients with known cardiovascular disease or with risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.Drug treatment should start with agents with the lowest reported risk of cardiovascular events, before other agents are prescribed, and at each step account should be taken of the risk-benefit balance.First line drug choices include paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin, tramadol, and short term use of other narcotic analgesics.If these fail to achieve adequate pain control, the next option is non-acetylated salicylates, such as naproxen.The association recommended NSAIDs that aren't COX 2 inhibitors if pain is still inadequately controlled, then NSAIDs with some COX 2 activity as the next step, and lastly COX 2 selective NSAIDs.The committee considered the risk of all three of these classes to be sufficiently high to require that patients taking them should be monitored regularly for sustained hypertension (or worsening of prior blood pressure control), oedema, worsening renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding.See pp 436, 450. Save COX 2 inhibitors till last for cardiac patientsUK NEWS HFEA allows women to donate eggs for research, p445 World NEWS repeal law that puts "FdA on the payroll of the industry", p447 bmj.comUK government defeated on community treatment forms
Mortality and Duration of Hemodialysis Treatment-Reply
Authors: Philip J. Held
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Qureshi's letter raises the issue of dialysis time per week as well as per session, given that not all patients undergo dialysis three times a week. Our data could not control for actual perweek durations. Still, dialysis other than three times a week is rare ( 5 More important, the data indicate that patients in each of our treatment-time groupings (short, conventional, and long) typically received similar numbers of treatments per week. Specifically, the means and medians of Medicare dialysis payments per period are almost identical across the groups, and payment closely correlates with the number of treatments in our data, given that the composite rate is prospectively fixed per treatment.  Dialysis is provided by physician prescription. If a prescription or its fulfillment is inadequate, the only person who can change that is the patient's physician. The complex relationship between the attending nephrologist and facility management requires further
Starvation in the Modern World
Authors: George G. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Nutritionists, including those involved in famine relief, have learned in the last 25 years that certain deficiency diseases arise from the high protein foods used to rehabilitate starving populations. Other, sometimes inappropriate relief foods starving populations. Other, sometimes inappropriate relief foods include unprocessed or inappropriate grains and unfortified dry skimmed milk. Yet, relief workers do not always receive the most appropriate food for distribution to certain populations. Millions of dollars are appropriated to protect relief supplies for starving people in Somalia, but money is not spent to develop and evaluate simple foods that might save the lives of starving people. There are several items relief agencies and governments should consider when deciding on the most appropriate foods to prevent starvation in famine situations. During kwashiorkor, intestinal mucous produce grossly defective cells, resulting in considerable lactose malabsorption. Thus, using milk to rehabilitate people, especially children, poses a considerable hazard. High carbohydrate diets to rehabilitate starving people can cause gross edema and fatal congestive heart failure. Generally, clinically apparent vitamin or mineral deficiencies do not occur during famines, because the amount of vitamins or minerals needed to small to maintain a very shrunken body. Yet, when the body demand increases as a result of a rehabilitation diet poor in vitamins and minerals but high in protein or calories, clinical deficiency symptoms emerge, e.g., pellagra in Mozambique. Common food combinations used in relief situations consists of corn, soy, and milk fortified with vitamins and minerals (Bal'ahar mixture, India). Both mixtures require the addition of vegetable oils to make it easier for infants and small children to digest the mixtures.
Selective Surgical Localization of Axillary Lymph Nodes Containing Metastases in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Abigail S. Caudle, Wei T. Yang, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Daliah M. Black, Rosa Hwang, Brian Hobbs, Kelly K. Hunt, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Henry M. Kuerer
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Nodal ultrasonography with needle biopsy of abnormal lymph nodes helps to define the extent of breast cancer before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A clip can be placed to designate lymph nodes with documented metastases. Targeted axillary dissection or selective removal of lymph nodes known to contain metastases (clip-containing nodes) as well as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) may provide more accurate assessment of the pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Cultural determinism is no better than biological determinism
Authors: Sandra E. Trehub, E. Glenn Schellenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Deliberate practice and experience may suffice as predictors of expertise, but they cannot account for spectacular achievements. Highly variable environmental and biological factors provide facilitating as well as constraining conditions for development, generating relative plasticity rather than absolute plasticity. The skills of virtuosos and idiots savants are more consistent with the talent account than with the deliberate-practice account.
Legionella in Water: What Should Be Done?
Authors: Stephen C. Redd
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Over 700 cases of legionellosis are reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) each year, but these cases probably represent only a fraction of those actually occurring. Although outbreaks of legionellosis have received the greatest public attention and the most intensive study, evidence from hospital- and population-based studies suggests that most cases are sporadic or unassociated with recognized outbreaks.<sup>1-3</sup>Many features of these sporadic cases remain poorly defined, including the way infections are acquired. In this issue ofThe Journal, Stout et al<sup>4</sup>report isolation of the same<i>Legionella</i>from two sporadic cases of legionellosis and from their household water supplies. Since legionellae have been isolated from water sources epidemiologically associated with outbreaks of human disease,<sup>5-11</sup>it is not surprising that some sporadic cases will have similar associations. It is important, however, that this observation not be overinterpreted. The roles of environmental cultures and decontamination procedures
Abstract 5379: Ciclopirox induces autophagy through reactive oxygen species-mediated inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Hongyu Zhou, Shile Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ciclopirox olamine (CPX), a synthetic antifungal agent clinically used to treat mycoses of the skin and nails, has been recently found to inhibit tumor growth in mouse model of leukemia and breast cancer MDA-MB231. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, is known as a negative regulator of autophagy. Herein, we found that CPX substantially increased GFP-LC3 dots and expression of LC3-II, a hallmark of autophagy, suggesting that CPX induced autophagy. Meanwhile, we discovered that CPX inhibited mTOR signaling in different cancer cell lines, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of the downstream targets of mTOR, p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Recently, it has been demonstrated that autophagy can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, we further found that CPX treatment dose-dependently induced ROS generation. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) suppressed CPX-induced ROS and the conversion of LC3I to LC3II, suggesting that CPX-induced autophagy is mediated by ROS generation. Moreover, the inhibition of phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 by CPX were partially rescued by NAC pretreatment as well. These data suggest that CPX-induced autophagy may be attributed to induction of ROS and subsequent inhibition of mTOR signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5379. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5379
British GP cleared of murder charge
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dr David Moor, a British GP charged with murdering an elderly patient, was unanimously cleared by a jury this week at Newcastle Crown Court. The verdict was reached in an hour.

Dr Moor, 52, of Stamfordham, Northumberland, pleaded not guilty to the murder of retired ambulanceman George Liddell, 85,by injecting him with a lethal dose of diamorphine. Had he been convicted, he would have …
Abstract 4362: Identification and isolation of host factors in response to therapy: an approach to identify new targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Svetlana Gingis-Velitski, Tali Voloshin, Ella Fremder, Yuval Shaked
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chemotherapy remains one of the most common treatment modalities for cancer, and while initial tumor regression is usually observed, tumor re-growth and metastatic spread sometimes occur. Several preclinical studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, chemotherapy may induce angiogenesis and metastases. Several mechanisms were suggested for explaining tumor recurrence following therapy, and they are mostly related to the acquired resistance of tumor cells to a specific therapy. A recent body of evidence suggests that host derived molecular and cellular mechanisms may also account for the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic effects of tumor cells following chemotherapy, yet there is still ample necessity for further investigation and isolation of such host factors. In order to solely study the host-driven pro-tumorigenic effects of chemotherapy on tumor cells, we used non-tumor bearing mice which were treated with paclitaxel chemotherapy. Subsequently, when the cytotoxic drug was cleared from the circulation, plasma was collected and used in various screening technologies in order to isolate and identify possible factors which may alter the tumor microenvironment for the tumor's advantage. We found that factors promoting bone marrow derived cell mobilization and angiogenesis, e.g., stromal-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are substantially upregulated in the plasma of paclitaxel treated mice. In addition, increased activity of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 were also observed in plasma and bone marrow derived cells collected from mice primed with paclitaxel chemotherapy. The inductions of such host factors contributed to tumor re-growth due, in part, to their role in angiogenesis mediated by bone marrow derived cells, and to their impact on tumor cell migration and invasion activity which can lead to metastases. The pharmacologic or genetic blockade of each of these factors in conjunction with paclitaxel chemotherapy increased the treatment outcome. Additional factors are currently being evaluated and validated with respect to their impact on tumor re-growth following therapy, and will be presented in the upcoming meeting. Collectively, the evaluation of upregulated host factors in response to chemotherapy may raise potential new targets for cancer therapy, and may therefore contribute to the development of new treatment approaches for prolonging the efficacy of conventional cancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4362. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4362
Left ventricular ejection fraction after acute coronary occlusion in conscious dogs: relation to the extent and site of myocardial infarction.
Authors: R M Schneider, A Chu, M Akaishi, W S Weintraub, K G Morris, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The change in left ventricular radionuclide ejection fraction after acute occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) or circumflex (LC) coronary artery was compared with the ultimate histologic extent of myocardial infarction in conscious dogs. The acute change in ejection fraction correlated with size of infarction in 14 dogs with occlusions of the LAD coronary artery (r = .89, y = 1.12x + 14.2) and in 27 dogs with occlusions of the LC coronary artery (r = .71, y = 0.73x + 7.9); the slope of the regression equation was greater (p less than .05) for those with LAD than for those with LC occlusions. Multivariate analysis revealed no independent contribution of left ventricular weight, the subendocardial extent of infarction, or change in heart rate to the acute change in ejection fraction. These data indicate that the decrease in ejection fraction after coronary occlusion is determined primarily by the size of the ischemic area, which also determines size of infarction. In dogs instrumented over a long term, infarcts in the LAD myocardial distribution result in greater decreases in ejection fraction than infarcts of comparable size in the LC distribution.