tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphate and Red-Cell Phosphate during Hyperventilation
Authors: William K. George, William D. George, John P. Smith, Fallon T. Gordon, Elwood E. Baird, Gordon C. Mills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN their recent experiments on hyperventilation Saltzman et al.1 found no significant changes in the serum calcium, but in the early work on hyperventilation as a cause of tetany, Grant and Goldman2 observed an increase in the serum calcium in response to hyperventilation. Later, McCance3 reported a rise of the serum calcium of 0.5 mg. per 100 ml. during an episode of hyperventilation in 1 patient but no change in another.We have performed experiments on hyperventilation in 15 men (forceful hyperventilation for thirty minutes to produce the most severe tetany feasible). Data on 7 of these were reported earlier. . . .
Fatal co-infection with swine origin influenza virus A/H1N1 and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vincent C.C. Cheng, Yuk-Kong Lau, Kwok-Lun Lee, Kwan-Ho Yiu, Kwok-Hung Chan, Pak-Leung Ho, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Availability of Volatile Nitrites
Authors: Norman D. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Dr Louria's response to an inquiry regarding the hazards of sniffing amyl nitrite during sexual intercourse in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journal(236:1622,1976). I would like to offer the following additional information, which I believe is pertinent to the question. The health community seems generally unaware, as attested to by the paucity of published information on the subject (Norman Kramer,<i>The Advocate</i>, June 30, 1976, p 22),<sup>1,2</sup>that the use of volatile nitrites is already extensive, notably among gay (homosexual) men. Significantly, the bulk of these nitrites are, in fact, of the "street" variety mentioned by Dr Louria as a potential concern for the future. In an effort to circumvent state and federal drug laws, these dramatically proliferating nitrite products are being heavily promoted (primarily in the alternative lay press) as "aromas" for the enhancement of sexual pleasures. Marketed
ABSENCE OF TULAREMIA (RABBIT FEVER) AMONG RABBITS RAISED IN RABBITRIES
Authors: Edward Francis
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —Within the last three years, authoritative articles have appeared describing a new disease of man, tularemia. These articles have stated that the disease was contracted from dissecting or dressing rabbits sick with rabbit fever, as in the case of market men, cooks, hunters and fishermen.  Thus far the only rabbits found infected in nature with rabbit fever have been the wild rabbits—cottontails, jack rabbits and snowshoe rabbits—not the domestic rabbits raised in rabbitries for food or for laboratory purposes, or raised by fanciers under the names of Belgian hares, Flemish giants, New Zealand breeds, etc.  Publication of these articles has caused instances of confusion in the public mind, resulting in prejudice against continuing the use for food or for pets of domestic rabbits raised in rabbitries. That prejudice is without any foundation whatever, and on all occasions the opportunity has been embraced to restate the observation that
OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: L. A. W. ALLEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

To the practitioner of general medicine, the eye symptoms of diabetes have only a general interest, save in their diagnostic and prognostic significance. I shall, therefore, in this discussion, avoid a detailed consideration of the ocular findings, from the standpoint of one interested in diseases of the eye, and briefly examine the relation of the more important symptoms to the primary disease. It is unnecessary to caution you against that unwarranted faith in ophthalmoscopic findings which one sometimes finds among the laity. Many patients feel perfectly assured of their physical soundness when told that no evidence of disease can be found in the eye, but I am not so sure that it is unnecessary to warn you against a too broad skepticism. It is true that no systemic disorder writes its name in large type on the background of the eye. Syphilis does not have the sole prerogative of producing
Effects of bolus doses of fat on small intestinal structure and on release of gastrin, cholecystokinin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and enteroglucagon.
Authors: A P Jenkins, M A Ghatei, S R Bloom, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1992)

To investigate the enterotrophic effects of bolus doses of long chain triglycerides, two groups of eight female Wistar rats were fed identical diets with 48.2% total calories as the essential fatty acid rich oil Efamol. To one group the oil was given in twice daily bolus doses by gavage, while for the other group the oil was mixed with the remainder of the feed and thus consumed over 24 hours. The animals were killed after 20 to 22 days. Bolus dosing significantly increased parameters of mucosal mass along the length of the small intestine in association with an increase in two hour accumulation of vincristine arrested metaphases in small intestinal crypts. In a second experiment, four replicate studies were carried out, each involving two groups of 12 rats respectively fed as described above. After 21 days one animal from each group was killed every two hours, providing regular plasma samples over 24 hours for measurement of gastrin, cholecystokinin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and enteroglucagon. Bolus dosing markedly enhanced release of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and enteroglucagon, but not of gastrin or cholecystokinin. Thus, the enhanced enterotrophic effects of bolus doses of long chain triglycerides could be mediated by release of a distally located gut peptide, perhaps enteroglucagon.
Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses.
Authors: D J Berg, N Davidson, R Kühn, W Müller, S Menon, G Holland, L Thompson-Snipes, M W Leach, D Rennick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have characterized the progressive stages of chronic intestinal inflammation that develops spontaneously in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice with a targeted disruption in the IL-10 gene (IL-10-/-). Our longitudinal studies showed that inflammatory changes first appear in the cecum, ascending and transverse colon of 3-wk-old mutants. As the disease progressed, lesions appeared in the remainder of the colon and in the rectum. Some aged IL-10-/- mice also developed inflammation in the small intestine. Prolonged disease with transmural lesions and a high incidence of colorectal adenocarcinomas (60%) was observed in 6-mo-old mutants. Mechanistic studies have associated uncontrolled cytokine production by activated macrophages and CD4+ Th1-like T cells with the enterocolitis exhibited by IL-10-/- mice. A major role for a pathogenic Th1 response was further suggested by showing that anti-IFNgamma antibody (Ab) treatment significantly attenuated intestinal inflammation in young IL-10-/- mice. When weanlings were treated with IL-10, they failed to develop any signs of intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, IL-10 treatment of adults was not curative but did ameliorate disease progression. Our studies have also shown that inheritable factors strongly influence the disease susceptibility of IL-10-/- mice. In 3-mo-old mutants, intestinal lesions were most severe in IL-10-/- 129/SvEv and IL-10-/- BALB/c strains, of intermediate severity in the IL-10-/- 129 x C57BL/6J outbreds, and least severe in the IL-10-/- C57BL/6J strain.
Gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinomain vitro andin vivo in nude mice by adenoviral transfer of theescherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene
Authors: Leonhard Mohr, Srinivas Shankara, Seung-Kew Yoon, Tim U. Krohne, Michael Geissler, Bruce Roberts, Hubert E. Blum, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Expression of viral or bacterial enzymes in tumor cells to convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metabolites is an attractive gene-therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) converts purine analogs into freely diffusible metabolites, which are highly toxic to dividing and nondividing cells. We investigated the antitumor effects of PNP in the human HCC cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, and HuH-7, and performed a comparison with herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK). The genes for PNP, TK, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were delivered to HCC cells by identical adenoviral vectors. Fludarabine and ganciclovir (GCV) served as prodrugs for PNP and TK, respectively. Expression of PNP highly sensitized HCC cells to fludarabine treatment. Fludarabine concentrations between 0.5 and 1 μg/mL killed 100% of the cells expressing PNP with no detectable toxicity in control cells expressing EGFP. Expression of PNP in as few as 10% of HCC cells induced efficient killing of most bystander cells. Expression of TK followed by GCV treatment produced a potent growth inhibition but failed to kill all TK-expressing HCC cells. More importantly, the TK system exhibited a lower degree of bystander effect. Adenoviral delivery of PNP followed by fludarabine administration prevented subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumor formation in nude mice and was also effective for the treatment of established tumors. These results demonstrate the potential of the PNP/fludarabine system for the treatment of HCC.
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PROFUNDUS
Authors: R. B. FOUNTAIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. —The clinical and histological features of 6 cases of lupus erythematosus (L.E.) profundus are described. The disease was chronic with crops of subcutaneous nodules, usually on the head and arms, that healed with deep scarring. Signs of classical discoid L.E. were usually few and delayed. The histology showed a characteristic lower dermal and subcutaneous necrobiosis with some vasculitis and a striking lack of cellular response. The dying collagen showed overlapping types of change; in some areas it stained faintly and was swollen whilst still retaining some fibrillary structure; in others it was replaced by an eosinophilic material that was either in homogenous puddles or broken into amorphous clumps. The differentiation of these changes from other forms of panniculitis is discussed and it is concluded that the changes are usually sufficiently distinctive to make a diagnosis possible in what may clinically be a perplexing disease.
Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in an Urban Indian Population: The Singapore Indian Eye Study
Authors: Yingfeng Zheng, Raghavan Lavanya, Renyi Wu, Wan-Ling Wong, Jie Jin Wang, Paul Mitchell, Ning Cheung, Howard Cajucom-Uy, Ecosse Lamoureux, Tin Aung, Seang-Mei Saw, Tien Y. Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
A Case of Behçet's Syndrome With Esophageal Involvement Treated With Salicylazosulfapyridine and Prednisolone
Authors: K. Ikezawa, H. Kashimura, M. Hassan, A. Nakahara, A. Yanaka, Y. Matsuzaki, H. Mutoh, N. Tanaka
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)
Increased Cimetidine Clearance in Burn Patients
Authors: J. A. Jeevendra Martyn, David J. Greenblatt, Darrell R. Abernethy
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To determine the etiology of the decreased efficacy of cimetidine in burned and critically ill surgical patients, we studied the kinetics and dynamics of the drug in eight burned patients at a mean of 12 days after the burn. The kinetics were compared with those of nine healthy controls. The elimination half-life of cimetidine in burned patients was significantly reduced (2.2 v 1.5 hours), and total clearance significantly increased (8.2 v 13.3 mL/min/kg). Creatinine and total cimetidine clearance were highly correlated with size of the burn. In the patients studied, 63% of the dose was excreted in eight hours, compared with 45% after 24 hours in controls. Gastric pH was maintained at 4 or higher as long as plasma levels of cimetidine were held above 0.5 microgram/mL. Thus, the increased clearance of cimetidine might explain the decreased effectiveness of this drug in burned and possibly other surgical patients. Dose schedules may need to be altered to compensate for the enhanced clearance of this drug.
Uncleaned Anesthesia Equipment
Authors: Frederick K. Orkin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The comment on Uncleaned Anesthesia Equipment (233: 1297, 1975) is more valuable for insight into the elements of hospital cost inflation than for a cogent argument regarding an alleged infectious hazard. The thoughtful anesthesiologist is urged to use  and anesthetic techniques that eliminate the risk of patient-to-patient infection, although the author readily admits morbidity and mortality statistics resulting directly from unclean anesthesia equipment have not been studied. (Additionally, unclean is used when he meant the less inflammatory adjective unsterile .)  The two references relating to the infectious hazard describe Pseudomonas outbreaks in cardiac surgery patients who are particularly prone to infection by a nosocomial contaminant. Even a report coauthored by Dryden 1 is suspect because the incidence of  complications prior to institution of a sterile, disposable anesthesia circuit was 23 % (misquoted as 27%). Such a high value suggests the possibility that the criteria for pulmonary complication
Effect of beclomethasone dipropionate on bone mineral content assessed by X-ray densitometry in asthmatic children: a longitudinal evaluation
Authors: E Baraldi, MC Bollini, A De Marchi, F Zacchello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

There is little information on bone turnover in asthmatic children taking long-term treatment with inhaled steroids (ICS). The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on bone mineral density (BMD), in asthmatic children treated over a period of six months. BMD and growth were studied in two age- and sex-matched groups of asthmatic children. These comprised: 14 asthmatic children (Group 1) who had taken BDP in a dosage of 300-400 micrograms daily through a 145 ml spacer device for at least 6 months (mean age 9.1 yrs); and a control group of 16 age- and sex-matched asthmatic patients (Group 2) not treated with ICS (mean age 9.5 yrs). Mean duration of asthma was 5.7 yrs in Group 1 and 5.5 yrs in Group 2. Vertebral BMD (L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the beginning (baseline) of the study and 6 months later. There were no significant differences in the baseline bone mass (mean +/- SEM) between the two groups (0.63 +/- 0.03 and 0.64 +/- 0.02 g.cm-2 in Group 1 and 2, respectively). During the observation period, bone density increased, by 4% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2-6) in the control group and by 2.3% (95% CI 0.4-4.2) in the group under BDP treatment, showing no significant influence of the treatment. No difference was found in height velocity evaluated before starting BDP and after 6 months of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
347 REPETITIVE ACTIVATION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 3 IN PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES LEADS TO HYPER-RESPONSIVENESS TO POLY I:C IN VITRO
Authors: R. Broering, M. Lutterbeck, M. Trippler, A. Paul, K. Kleinehr, G. Gerken, J.F. Schlaak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Telbivudine versus lamivudine in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B: Results at 1 year of a randomized, double-blind trial
Authors: Jinlin Hou, You-Kuan Yin, Daozhen Xu, Deming Tan, Junqi Niu, Xiaqiu Zhou, Yuming Wang, Limin Zhu, Yongwen He, Hong Ren, Mobin Wan, Chengwei Chen, Shanming Wu, Yagang Chen, Jiazhang Xu, Qinhuan Wang, Lai Wei, George Chao, Barbara Fielman Constance, George Harb, Nathaniel A. Brown, Jidong Jia
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic hepatitis B and its life-threatening sequelae are highly prevalent in China. There is a need for effective new therapies to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and ameliorate liver disease. In this study, we compared the efficacy of telbivudine, a nucleoside analogue, with lamivudine in Chinese patients. In this phase III, double-blind, multicenter trial conducted in China, 332 patients with compensated hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive or HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B were randomly assigned to treatment with 600 mg of telbivudine or 100 mg of lamivudine daily for 104 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was reduction in serum HBV DNA levels at week 52 of treatment. Secondary endpoints included clearance of HBV DNA to undetectable levels, HBeAg loss and seroconversion, therapeutic response, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. Viral resistance and safety were assessed. At week 52, among 290 HBeAg-positive patients, mean reductions of serum HBV DNA were significantly greater in telbivudine recipients than lamivudine recipients (6.3 log10 versus 5.5 log10, P &lt; 0.001), and HBV DNA was polymerase chain reaction–negative in significantly more telbivudine recipients than lamivudine recipients (67% versus 38%, P &lt; 0.001). ALT normalization (87% versus 75%, P = 0.007), therapeutic response (85% versus 62%, P = 0.001), and HBeAg loss (31% versus 20%, P = 0.047) were also significantly more common in the telbivudine group. Treatment effects showed similar patterns in the smaller HBeAg-negative group (n = 42). Viral resistance in telbivudine recipients was approximately half that observed with lamivudine; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Clinical adverse events were similar in the two treatment groups. Conclusion: In Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B, telbivudine treatment for 52 weeks provided greater antiviral and clinical efficacy than lamivudine, with less resistance. (Hepatology 2007.)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Detection During Lung Cancer Screening—Reply
Authors: Onno M. Mets
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
: P2-228: Bi-weekly administration of gemcitabine plus vinorelbine in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Multi-center phase II trial
Authors: Tomoyuki Araya, Kazuo Kasahara, Hideharu Kimura, Kazuhiko Shibata, Hiroki Shirasaki, Takashi Sone, Masaki Fujimura, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Doing the Little Things
Authors: Howard Homler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997Doing the Little ThingsHoward Homler, MDHoward Homler, MDUniversity of California, Davis, School of Medicine; Davis, CA 95616Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00048 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a former chief resident at a university medical center, I had a sense of nostalgia when reading Rinder's essay, “Doing the Little Things” [1]. Maintaining a laboratory for the housestaff and students to use was a pleasure and brought home the importance of both sample collection and the clinical laboratory in the treatment of patients.In our case, the housestaff laboratory had to be shut down because it did not have the “quality control” systems demanded by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH), even though the tests were being done in parallel by the ...References1. Rinder MR. Doing the little things. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:247. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard Homler, MDAffiliations: University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; Davis, CA 95616 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 174KeywordsClinical laboratoriesPatientsQuality improvementResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Prediction in processing is a by-product of language learning
Authors: Franklin Chang, Evan Kidd, Caroline F. Rowland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Both children and adults predict the content of upcoming language, suggesting that prediction is useful for learning as well as processing. We present an alternative model which can explain prediction behaviour as a by-product of language learning. We suggest that a consideration of language acquisition places important constraints on Pickering &amp; Garrod's (P&amp;G's) theory.
Towards a total ban on links with the tobacco industry: new rules for the ERS
Authors: Klaus F Rabe, Christina Gratziou, Brian Ward, Florence Berteletti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Tobacco use is one of the greatest preventable causes of premature death and disease in the world. In addition, the interference of the tobacco industry in public health, medical research and public policy has been and continues to be unprecedented, grotesque and unacceptable [1]. The interference is of such a scale that it requires a robust and resolute response [2]. This is why the European Respiratory Society (ERS) has recently assessed its conflict of interest rules and decided to move towards a total ban on links with the tobacco industry.

Conflict of interest policies are now standard practice in the medical world and, although guidelines and procedures may vary, most medical bodies have some form of conflict of interest disclosure policy [3, 4]. However, conflict of interest with the tobacco industry requires more than a disclosure policy [5]. It requires a total ban on relations and this, with some notable exceptions, has been rather rare among medical bodies [5]. …
Refractory Megaloblastic Anemia with Myeloperoxidase-Deficient Neutrophils
Authors: Robert I. Lehrer, Leonard S. Goldberg, Martin A. Apple, N. Paul Rosenthal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The enzyme myeloperoxidase contributes to the ability of human leukocytes to kill fungi and bacteria. We studied a 61-year-old man with megaloblastic anemia and two populations of neutrophils: 99.2% lacked myeloperoxidase activity; 0.8% had it. In vitro, these neutrophils had a greatly impaired ability to kill Staphylococcus aureus 502A, Candida albicans, and C. tropicalis. The patient developed fungal pneumonia (Aspergillus fumigatus and C. albicans) and, despite therapy with amphotericin B, died of systemic aspergillosis.