tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QRISK2-2011 predicted cardiovascular disease in adult general practice patients
Authors: Kim Eagle, Prashant Vaishnava
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Collins GS, Altman DG. Predicting the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom: independent and external validation of an updated version of QRISK2. BMJ. 2012;344:e4181. 22723603
Demographic and social characteristics of adults with cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom.
Authors: S Walters, J Britton, M E Hodson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To obtain information about social and demographic characteristics and lifestyle of adult patients with cystic fibrosis, including those who do not attend major specialist clinics. DESIGN--Confidential self completion postal questionnaire to adult patients with cystic fibrosis, asking about social and demographic characteristics, social class and occupation, employment, education, insurance and social security benefits, symptom severity, and medical care. SETTING--National association for adults with cystic fibrosis. SUBJECTS--1052 adult members of the Association of Cystic Fibrosis Adults UK, accounting for 68% of those with cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom population over 16 years of age and over 80% of those over 25 in June 1990. RESULTS--The response rate was 82% (397 women, 423 men). Most adults with cystic fibrosis were found to be living fulfilling lives into adulthood. Significantly fewer men were married or cohabiting than women (110 (26%) men, 175 (44%) women). 420 (55%) responders were working, and of these 235 (56%) had less than two weeks9 sick leave a year. Half of those not employed gave ill health as the reason. Revealing that they had cystic fibrosis at job interviews reduced likelihood of being employed for those with mild to moderate disease. People with cystic fibrosis had been less successful than the general population in achieving O level or equivalent qualifications, but more successful in achieving A level or higher qualifications. Achievement of any qualifications enhanced employment prospects irrespective of disease severity. CONCLUSION--Contrary to an image of chronic ill health and disability, a high proportion of adults with cystic fibrosis are living full and productive lives.
Prediction of venous metastases, recurrence, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on a unique immune response signature of the liver microenvironment
Authors: Anuradha Budhu, Marshonna Forgues, Qing-Hai Ye, Hu-Liang Jia, Ping He, Krista A. Zanetti, Udai S. Kammula, Yidong Chen, Lun-Xiu Qin, Zhao-You Tang, Xin Wei Wang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction from the left ventricle.
Authors: J Sousa, R el-Atassi, S Rosenheck, H Calkins, J Langberg, F Morady
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe a new technique for catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction using radiofrequency energy delivered in the left ventricle. METHODS AND RESULTS Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction using a catheter positioned across the tricuspid annulus was unsuccessful in eight patients with a mean +/- SD age of 51 +/- 19 years who had AV nodal reentry tachycardia (three patients), orthodromic tachycardia using a concealed midseptal accessory pathway, atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter (two patients), or atrial fibrillation. Before attempts at catheter ablation of the AV junction, each patient had been refractory to pharmacological therapy, and four had failed attempts at either catheter modification of the AV node using radiofrequency energy or surgical and catheter ablation of the accessory pathway. Conventional right-sided catheter ablation of the AV junction using radiofrequency energy in six patients and both radiofrequency energy and direct current shocks in two patients was ineffective. The mean amplitude of the His bundle potential recorded at the tricuspid annulus at the sites of unsuccessful AV junction ablation was 0.1 +/- 0.08 mV, with a maximum His amplitude of 0.03-0.28 mV. A 7F deflectable-tip quadripolar electrode catheter with a 4-mm distal electrode was positioned against the upper left ventricular septum using a retrograde aortic approach from the femoral artery. Third-degree AV block was induced in each of the eight patients with 20-36 W applied for 15-30 seconds. The His bundle potential at the sites of successful AV junction ablation ranged from 0.06 to 0.99 mV, with a mean of 0.27 +/- 0.32 mV. There was no rise in the creatine kinase-MB fraction and no complications occurred. An intrinsic escape rhythm of 30-60 beats/min was present in seven of the eight patients. Each patient received a permanent pacemaker and has been asymptomatic during 3-13 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Catheter ablation of the AV junction can be achieved effectively and safely using radiofrequency energy delivered in the left ventricle when the conventional right-sided approach is unsuccessful.
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Does Not Commonly Result in Major Morning Hyperglycemia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Carolyn E Havlin, Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We analyzed 216 overnight blood glucose profiles (samples at 2100, 0300, and 0700 h) in 75 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus primarily to assess the impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on morning hyperglycemia and secondarily to assess the frequency and magnitude of a night-to-morning increase in glucose levels in a clinical context. A dawn phenomenon (an 0300 to 0700 h increment in blood glucose) was rather uncommon in our patients (about one-third of profiles), was readily demonstrable in groups of patients only when nocturnal glucose levels were low (≤50 mg/dl) or normal (51–100 mg/dl), and was generally not of great magnitude (mean 0700 h glucose levels of 114 mg/dl after 0300 h values of ≤100 mg/dl). Nocturnal hypoglycemia (0300 h blood glucose of ≤50 mg/dl, 7% of profiles) was followed by significant increments in blood glucose. However, the 0700 h glucose values averaged only 113 mg/dl and ranged up to only 172 mg/dl. Clearly, the magnitude of this Somogyi phenomenon was not great. Mean glucose levels were not higher at 1100, 1600, or 2100 h the day after nocturnal hypoglycemia than those at the same times the day before hypoglycemia. Thus, nocturnal hypoglycemia does not commonly result in major morning, or daytime, hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus sampled while using their usual therapeutic regimens.
Tumor Neoangiogenesis by CD31 and CD105 Expression Evaluation in Breast Carcinoma Tissue Microarrays
Authors: Colette Charpin, Jean-Philippe Dales, Stéphane Garcia, Séverine Carpentier, Amina Djemli, Lucile Andrac, Marie-Noëlle Lavaut, Claude Allasia, Pascal Bonnier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate CD31 and CD105 immunohistochemical expressions in tissue microarrays from 360 breast carcinomas. Study design: Computerized (ACIS/Chromavision) assisted image analysis was performed to compare immunoreactions in tissue microarrays with those in current paraffin and frozen sections. We also aimed to determine the CD105 and CD31 prognostic significance and relevance in routine practice by correlating results of immunodetections with patients’ (n = 360) outcome (14.3-year follow-up). Results: The results show (a) that in tissue microarrays, the CD31 and CD105 expression quantified by image analysis device did not correlate with the measurements assessed on routine paraffin sections; (b) that CD105 expression is endowed of a prognostic significance in paraffin sections in terms of overall survival (P &amp;lt; 0.01), whereas in contrast, CD31 on paraffin sections did not correlate with patients overall survival; (c) that semiquantitative analysis of CD105 expression correlated with the image analysis measurements in frozen sections (ρ = 0.671, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and paraffin (ρ = 0.824, P &amp;lt; 0.01) sections. However, paraffin sections were less immunostained than frozen ones. Conclusions: It is concluded (a) that CD105 may be suitable in paraffin sections to evaluated neoangiogenesis; and (b) that tissue microarrays are not suitable substrates for neoangiogenesis evaluation as a prognostic indicator in breast carcinomas, in contrast to current tissue sections.
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Medical Devices Under Scrutiny
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Arthus Reactions From Insulin Association With Lupus Erythematosus Cell Phenomena
Authors: Robert D. Porter
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An obese patient with diabetes developed insulin hypersensitivity manifested by Arthus phenomenon, lupus erythematosus (LE) cells, eosinophilia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. To our knowledge, neither Arthus phenomenon nor LE cells have been related to insulin therapy in the past.
Whole Body and Cardiac Metaiodobenzylguanidine Kinetics in Parkinson Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Cecilia Marini, Monica Bandettini di Poggio, Elena Pomposelli, Roberta Marchese, Flavio Nobili, Silvia D. Morbelli, Giuseppe Villa, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Gianmario Sambuceti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Purpose of the Report: This study investigates whether combined analysis of I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) kinetics in the heart and in the whole body can improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis between idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) and a Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with clinical suspicion of PD (n = 16) or MSA-P (n = 14) underwent MIBG whole-body planar imaging. Final diagnosis was confirmed at follow-up. Images were collected 30 minutes and 4 hours after tracer injection. Myocardial uptake was evaluated by measuring heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio and the percent fraction of the injected dose retained by the heart (calculated by whole-body counts). Tracer washout was measured from both the heart and the whole body. Results: H/M ratio was lower in PD than in MSA-P at early imaging (1.32 ± 0.21 vs. 1.81 ± 0.46, respectively, P < 0.01), although a large overlap in individual data was observed. By contrast, % of injected dose taken up by the heart documented a large difference between PD and MSA-P (0.97% ± 0.51% vs. 1.91% ± 0.66% of the dose, P < 0.01), and a very small overlap in individual values. There was no difference in the heart washout between the 2 Groups (31% ± 13% vs. 32% ± 15%, P = 0.9), while tracer loss from the whole body was higher in PD than in MSA-P (29% ± 12% vs. 19% ± 10%, P < 0.01). Conclusions: PD and its correlated global postganglionic dysfunction alter MIBG kinetics in the heart and in the whole body. Image analysis accounting for tracer kinetics in the whole body may improve the diagnostic accuracy of this test in patients with suspected PD or MSA-P.
Metallothionein isoform 3 as a potential biomarker for human bladder cancer.
Authors: M A Sens, S Somji, D L Lamm, S H Garrett, F Slovinsky, J H Todd, D A Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The goal of the present study was to determine if the expression of metallothionein isoform 3 (MT-3) might serve as a biomarker for human bladder cancer. To accomplish this goal, we defined the localization and expression of MT-3 protein and mRNA using fresh and archival biopsy specimens obtained from patients undergoing differential diagnosis for a variety of bladder disorders. We used immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, and RT-PCR analysis to define the localization and expression of MT-3 protein and mRNA. Immunohistochemical analysis disclosed no immunoreactivity for MT-3 in normal bladder cells. The absence of MT-3 expression in the normal bladder was further confirmed by demonstrating that MT-3 mRNA could not be detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or MT-3 protein using immunoblot. Immunohistochemistry also disclosed no immunoreactivity for MT-3 in archival biopsy specimens from patients with interstitial cystitis and related disorders. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that MT-3 was expressed in carcinoma in situ (CIS), high-grade bladder cancer, low-grade bladder cancer, and dysplastic lesions. MT-3 immunostaining was intense in both CIS and high-grade bladder cancer, and low to moderate in low-grade bladder cancer and dysplastic lesions. We determined MT-3 mRNA expression in a subset of these bladder cancer specimens; expression was elevated as compared to that of the housekeeping gene, ss-actin. The cDNA from the RT-PCR reaction primed for MT-3 contained a FokI restriction site, a site unique for MT-3 as compared to other MT family members. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MT-3 is up-regulated in human bladder cancer and that this up-regulation increases with increasing tumor grade. The finding that MT-3 expression is minimal in normal bladder suggests that MT-3 might be developed into an effective biomarker for bladder cancer.
Thyroid function tests and hypothyroidism: Authors' reply
Authors: A D Toft
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> To investigate the mechanisms driving regulatory evolution across tissues, we experimentally mapped promoters, enhancers, and gene expression in liver, brain, muscle, and testis from ten diverse mammals. The regulatory landscape around genes included both tissue-shared and tissue-specific regulatory regions, where tissue-specific promoters and enhancers evolved most rapidly. Genomic regions switching between promoters and enhancers were more common across species, and less common across tissues within a single species. Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) played recurrent evolutionary roles: LINE L1s were associated with tissue-specific regulatory regions, whereas more ancient LINE L2s were associated with tissue-shared regulatory regions and with those switching between promoter and enhancer signatures across species. Our analyses of the tissue-specificity and evolutionary stability among promoters and enhancers reveal how specific LINE families have helped shape the dynamic mammalian regulome. <h3>HIGHLIGHTS</h3> Tissue-specific regulatory regions evolve faster than tissue-shared Switching promoter and enhancer regulatory roles is frequent in evolution LINE L1s contribute to the evolution of tissue-specific regulatory regions LINE L2s are associated with broad tissue activity and dynamic regulatory signatures
THE INTERACTION OF IgE WITH RAT BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA CELLS
Authors: Anthony Kulczycki, Henry Metzger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Previous studies indicated that cultured rat basophilic leukemia cells have surface receptors which bind IgE with high specificity. In this paper we describe some quantitative aspects of the phenomenon. The reaction mechanism appears to consist of a simple reversible binding reaction with k(1) = 9.6 x 10(4) M(-1) sec(-1) and k(-1) 1.6 x 10(-5) sec(-1) at 37 degrees C. The calculated K(A) is therefore 6 x 10(9) M(-1). The activation energy of binding was found to be 7.8 kcal/mol. The number of binding sites/cell varied between 3 x 10(5) to over 1 x 10(6). The binding was insensitive to pH's between 6-8 but at pH 3.0 complete dissociation of bound IgE occurred in approximately 1 min at 0 degrees C leaving the receptors for IgE intact. Ca(++) plus EDTA and Mg(++) plus EDTA produce a fairly marked reduction in binding capacity though these reagents alone produce much smaller effects.
The Boy Who Couldn't Stop Washing: The Experience and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This book, written by a nationally and internationally known child psychiatrist, deals with her and her team's experience at the National Institute of Mental Health with the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).<i>Obsessions</i>as defined in<i>DSM-IIIR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, third edition, revised) are: recurrent, persistent, ideas, thoughts, images or impulses that are ego-dystonic, that is, they are not experienced as voluntarily produced but rather as thoughts that invade consciousness and are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Attempts are made to ignore or suppress them by the patient. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behaviors that are performed according to certain rules or in a stereotypal fashion. The behavior is not an end in itself, but is designed to produce or prevent some future event or situation. However, the activity is not connected in a realistic way with what it is designed to produce or prevent,
Coffee Intake and Serum Lipids in Men
Authors: William G. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Williams et al<sup>1</sup>report a significant elevation in plasma apolipoprotein B associated with coffee intake in excess of two cups per day. The authors also reported that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were somewhat elevated while total plasma cholesterol levels correlated poorly with coffee intake. It is unfortunate that other caffeinecontaining substances could not be fully evaluated, for caffeine would appear to be the causative agent involved. Methylxanthines, such as caffeine, are inhibitors of 3′,5′-phosphodiesterase. Caffeine administration, therefore, may result in elevated cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels within adipocytes, thereby prolonging lipolysis initiated under normal metabolic demands. Upon liberation from the adipocyte, fatty acids are transported to the liver, where they are reesterified and the resultant triglycerides packaged for release in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which also contains apolipoprotein B. Catabolism of VLDL triglycerides results in the production of an intermediate, which accepts cholesterol esters, ultimately becoming LDL.
Endogenous nitric oxide enhances prostaglandin production in a model of renal inflammation.
Authors: D Salvemini, K Seibert, J L Masferrer, T P Misko, M G Currie, P Needleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The interaction between nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) was studied in a rabbit model of renal inflammation, the ureteral obstructed hydronephrotic kidney (HNK). Ex vivo perfusion of the HNK but not the control kidney (e.g., unobstructed contralateral kidney, CLK), led to a time-dependent release of nitrite (NO2-), a breakdown product of NO. Stimulation of the HNK with bradykinin (BK) evoked a time-dependent increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which blocks the activity of both constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (cNOS and iNOS), aminoguanidine, a recently described selective iNOS inhibitor, dexamethasone, or cycloheximide abolished the release of NO2- and attenuated the exaggerated BK-induced PGE2 production. This supports the existence of iNOS and COX-2 in the HNK. In the CLK, BK elicited release of both NO2- and PGE2 but this did not augment with time. L-NMMA but not aminoguanidine, dexamethasone, or cycloheximide attenuated NO2- and PGE2 release indicative of the presence of constitutive but not inducible NOS or COX. The current study suggests that the endogenous release of NO from cNOS in the CLK activates a constitutive COX resulting in optimal PGE2 release by BK. In addition, in the HNK, NO release from iNOS activates the induced COX resulting in markedly increased release of proinflammatory prostaglandin. The broader implication of this study is that the cyclooxygenase isozymes are potential receptor targets for nitric oxide.
Toward a Molecular Classification of Melanoma
Authors: Leslie A. Fecher, Staci D. Cummings, Megan J. Keefe, Rhoda M. Alani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The incidence of melanoma is increasing at one of the highest rates of any form of cancer in the United States, with the current lifetime risk being one in 68. At present, there are limited systemic therapies to treat advanced stages of melanoma, and the key to improved survival remains early detection. Recent discoveries have allowed for a clearer picture of the molecular events leading to melanoma development and progression. Since identifying prevalent activating mutations of the BRAF kinase in melanomas, there has been a flood of additional molecular studies to further clarify the role of this pathway and others in melanomagenesis. In particular, recent genetic studies have demonstrated specific genotype-phenotype correlations that provide the first major insights into the molecular subclassification of melanoma and the heterogeneous nature of this malignancy. In this article, we review the most up-to-date molecular discoveries in melanoma biology and provide a framework for understanding their significance in melanoma development and progression. We also provide details on the development of novel therapies based on these recent molecular discoveries and insight into current and planned clinical trials. It is expected that these latest studies in melanoma will help define the critical molecular events involved in disease onset and progression and allow us to move rapidly toward a true molecular classification. We eagerly anticipate rationally designed melanoma therapies based on such a classification scheme and the associated improvements in patient outcomes.
Inhibition of atherosclerosis by dietary pectin in microswine with sustained hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: J J Cerda, S J Normann, M P Sullivan, C W Burgin, F L Robbins, S Vathada, P Leelachaikul
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Sustained hypercholesterolemia is a known risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. In animal studies, grapefruit pectin fed concurrently with a high-lipid diet inhibits hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to determine if grapefruit pectin affects cholesterol levels and atherogenesis of animals with established hypercholesterolemia. Microswine were fed an atherogenic diet to establish hypercholesterolemia. Plasma cholesterol levels rose rapidly and for 360 days were sustained at levels 6- to 12-fold the normal level. Then, half the microswine, selected at random, were fed a diet in which 3% grapefruit pectin was substituted for cellulose, and the remaining animals received the original diet. Animals were killed 270 days later, and the extent of atherosclerosis was determined. In animals with established hypercholesterolemia, pectin did not lower their cholesterol levels. However, pectin reduced the extent of atherosclerosis in both the aorta and coronary arteries. The mean surface area covered by atherosclerosis in the aorta was 13.6% in the group that did not receive pectin compared with 5.3% in the group that did receive pectin. The mean coronary artery narrowing was 45% without pectin and 24% with pectin. We conclude that pectin may have a direct beneficial effect on atherosclerosis by a mechanism independent of cholesterol levels.