tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IgE antibodies to Pityrosporum ovale in atopic dermatitis
Authors: M.W. WESSELS, G. DOLKES, A.G.VAN IEPEREN-VAN DIJK, W.J. KOERS, E. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to assess serum IgE antibodies directed against Pityrosporum ovale in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), atopic patients with allergic respiratory disease (ARD: rhinitis or asthma) but without eczema, and in healthy controls. IgE binding to P. ovale extract was demonstrated in 49% (35/72) of AD patients. In contrast, anti-P. ovale IgE was found in only one of 27 atopic controls without eczema; all healthy control sera (n = 17) were negative. Of 37 AD patients tested intracutaneously with P. ovale, 31 showed immediate-type reactivity, and 20 of these 31 patients had anti-P. ovale IgE detectable by ELISA, while sera from the six non-responders were all negative. Levels of anti-P. ovale IgE were highest in AD patients aged 20-30 years. No correlation was found with the severity of AD, but there was a non-significant tendency (P = 0.06) to higher levels in AD patients with concomittant respiratory allergy. Anti-P. ovale IgE was significantly correlated with total serum IgE, with specific IgE against various aeroallergens as measured by RAST, and with levels of anti-Candida albicans IgE, measured with a similar ELISA. Thus, production of IgE antibodies against P. ovale occurs very frequently in AD, and rarely in patients with atopic disease without skin involvement.
Postoperative Care in Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Emerson A. Moffitt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Experience at the Mayo Clinic with whole-body perfusion in open, intracardiac surgery indicates that, although such perfusion is a major deviation from normal physiology, it is remarkably well tolerated. Detrimental changes in tissue and organ function, however, are taking place and are directly related to the length of perfusion. These changes, along with the severity of the disease necessitating operation and the surgical success in correcting that disease, are the major determinants of survival.
Attempt to introduce smoking ban in public places fails in Poland
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An attempt to impose a complete ban on smoking in public places in Poland failed on Friday 26 March, when its Senate approved a bill that will allow smoking in bars and restaurants that have more than one room, as long as a no smoking room is provided, and in hotels and student accommodation.

Łukasz Balwicki, of the Department of Public Health and Social Medicine at the Medical University of Gdansk, expressed regret at the failure to introduce a full smoking ban. He said that the tobacco lobby had worked hard against a comprehensive ban on smoking in public. “The tobacco industry tried to convince [the government] that new stronger regulations would lower revenue . . . coming …
Properly Designed Trials
Authors: John S. Gilson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cooper's answer to the comment by Oseasohn in the LETTERS section (236:1449, 1976) nicely illustrates the corner into which we have painted ourselves: We are so impressed by less than adequate studies that we foreclose the opportunity to do an adequate study. Oseasohn states that we do not have "properly designed trials" to support the Cooper conclusion. Cooper seems to miss the point when he implies that a "prospective study" would satisfy the requirement of being "properly designed." Feinstein (a member of the Editorial Board ofThe Journal), Spodick, and others have repeatedly pointed out that this kind of difference is not just a difference of opinion. The difference relates to the quality of the data required before the data are considered adequate on which to base an opinion. Well-known names can be found on both sides of this issue, just as every other. It is not
Introduction to Scientific Psychiatry: A Behavioristic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Martin R. Lipp
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This fine book is suitable for medical students and residents and for psychiatrists who wish assistance in their approach  patients. Conversational and personal in design, articulate in expression, it makes for pleasant reading.  The organization differs from most psychiatry texts in that the author spends one third of his time simply emphasizing the logical and pragmatic approach  patients. No attempt is made  survey systematically psychiatric literature or history; the author simply details  he himself approaches patients. Clinically oriented readers will find their time well spent here.  The second section deals with diagnosis. Storrow barely mentions standard psychiatric nomenclature and makes no attempt  describe disease entities. Instead, he emphasizes practical tools for the working psychiatrist; and he is at his best when he explains tactical approaches  the patient, the useful information forms he has devised, and the how to of working up the psychiatric patient.
Abstract A5: Transient TGFβ exposure reprograms mouse mammary epithelial cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Jae-Hong Seo, Karen A. Dunphy, Daniel Kim, Amy L. Roberts, Haoheng Yan, Luwei Tao, Mary J. Hagen, D. Joseph Jerry
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has been shown to inhibit growth of normal breast epithelium, but promotes aggressive behaviors in breast carcinomas. Normal breast epithelia are exposed transiently to increased levels of TGFβ during involution. During radiation therapy for breast cancer, the breast epithelium is also exposed transiently to TGFβ.While TGFβ restricts growth of most normal breast epithelia, it may have divergent effects on progenitor cells. The CDβgeo cells have been shown to be enriched for mammary progenitor cells (Deugnier et al., 2006). Treatment of CDβgeo cells with TGFβ1 resulted in modest decreases in E-cadherin levels after 14 days (TD0). However, withdrawal of TGFβ and passaging the cells over 14 days resulted in transdifferentiation (TD14). In contrast to the parental CDβgeo cells, the TD14 cells had decreased expression of E-cadherin (3-fold, p&amp;lt;0.05) and increased levels of N-cadherin (4-fold, p&amp;lt;0.05). The TD14 cells also exhibited a striking increasing in motility and invasion of Matrigel (invasion index=3.7-fold), but there was no difference in proliferation rates between the CDβgeo and TD14 cells. The TD14 also were strongly tumorigenic when transplanted into cleared mammary fat pads (TE50=43 days). To determine if Smad signaling is required, Smad4 expression was knocked down using shRNA (ΔSmad4). The ΔSmad4 cells exhibited decreased expression of E-cadherin, but were not tumorigenic when transplanted into cleared mammary fat pads. The levels of Snail mRNA in CDβgeo cells were increased 3-fold following exposure to TGFβ1 treatment (TD14 cells). Levels of Snail were also increased (3.5-fold) in tumors derived from the TD14 cells. Although E-cadherin expression was reduced in ΔSmad4 cells, the levels of Snail remained equivalent to that in CDβgeo cells even after exposure to TGFβ1. These results demonstrate that transient exposure to TGF-β1 acts through Smad4-dependent signals to cause irreversible changes in the expression of Snail resulting in tumorigenic phenotype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A5.
Pulmonary Stenosis and Ventricular Septal Defect with Arteriovenous Shunts
Authors: JOHN A. CALLAHAN, ROBERT O. BRANDENBURG, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Patients who have pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect usually have a right-to-left intracardiac shunt. This paper presents hemodynamic and clinical data on 11 patients who have pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect and left-to-right shunts. Four of these patients also have defects in the atrial septum, and three have demonstrable bidirectional shunts. The level and direction of shunts were determined by blood oxygen-saturation data and indicator-dilution studies. Choice of the form of treatment to be used in patients such as these should be based largely on hemodynamic considerations. Many resemble patients with tetralogy of Fallot who have had a successful pulmonary valvotomy.
ENHANCED LETHAL EFFECTS OF X-RAYS ON BACILLUS COLI IN THE PRESENCE OF INORGANIC SALTS
Authors: Walter D. Claus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. When B. coli are irradiated by x-rays in a series of salt solutions of tenth molar concentration, the synergistic effect does not become appreciable until heavy salts are used. 2. When Pb(NO3)2 or KBr solutions are used in increasing concentrations, the synergistic effect is not appreciable until large concentrations or absorption coefficients are reached, whereupon the effect increases sharply. Thus the number of effective hits per bacterium per minute, α, is a function of the absorption coefficient, µ. 3. The sharp increase in α does not occur at the same concentration, or same µ, for Pb(NO3)2 and for KBr. Thus α is a function of the nature of the salt, or possibly of the penetration of the salt into the cell, some measure of which may be obtained from the initial toxicity of the solution. 4. For a given solution, α increases as the wave length λ of the x-rays decreases, although µ decreases by the same process as the cube of λ. Thus α is a function of λ to some power greater than the cube. 5. A possible mechanism whereby the synergistic effect takes place is discussed briefly, as is the possibility that the heterogeneity of the x-rays accounts for all or part of the increased bactericidal effect of the rays in the presence of heavy metal salts. 6. Results indicate that within the range investigated, short wave lengths of x-rays, in conjunction with sensitizers, are the more efficacious in producing lethal effects.
Whole-Body Periodic Acceleration Modifies Experimental Asthma in Sheep
Authors: William M. Abraham, Ashfaq Ahmed, Irakli Serebriakov, Isabel T. Lauredo, Jorge Bassuk, Jose A. Adams, Marvin A. Sackner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Nitric oxide is released from vascular endothelium in response to increased pulsatile shear stress. Nitric oxide inhibits mast cell activation and is antiinflammatory and therefore might be protective in asthma.Objectives: We determined if a noninvasive motion platform that imparts periodic sinusoidal inertial forces to the whole body along the spinal axis (pGz) causing release of endothelial nitric oxide modulates experimental asthma in sheep.Methods: Allergic sheep were untreated (control) or were treated with pGz alone or after receiving intravenously the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) before aerosol challenge with Ascaris suum, and the effect on antigen-induced airway responses was determined. Bronchoalveolar lavage cells obtained 6 h after antigen challenge were analyzed for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in the respective groups.Results: pGz treatment for 1 h before antigen challenge reduced the early airway response and blocked the late airway response but did not prevent the antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness 24 h after challenge. Administration of L-NAME before pGz completely reversed this protection, whereas L-NAME alone did not affect the antigen-induced responses. NF-κB activity was 1.9- and 1.8-fold higher in the control and L-NAME + pGz groups, respectively, compared with pGz-treated animals. Extending the pGz treatment to twice daily for 3 d and then 1 h before antigen challenge blocked the early and late airway responses, the 24-h airway hyperresponsiveness, and the airway inflammatory cell response.Conclusion: Whole-body pGz modulates allergen-induced airway responses in allergic sheep.
Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire community stroke project
Authors: J. Burn, M. Dennis, J. Bamford, P. Sandercock, D. Wade, C. Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To describe the immediate and long term risk of epileptic seizures after a first ever stroke. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study following up stroke survivors for 2 to 6.5 years; comparison with age specific incidence rates of epileptic seizures in the general population. <b>Setting:</b> Community based stroke register. <b>Subjects:</b> 675 patients with a first stroke, followed up for a minimum of 2 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Occurrence of single and recurrent seizures. <b>Results:</b> 52 patients had one or more post stroke seizures; in 25 the seizures were recurrent. The 5 year actuarial risk of a post stroke seizure in survivors (excluding 19 patients with a history of epilepsy and 3 patients in whom the seizure occurred shortly before death from another cause) was 11.5% (95% confidence interval 4.8% to 18.2%). The relative risk of seizures, in comparison with the general population, was estimated at 35.2 in the first year after stroke and 19.0 in year 2. The risk of seizures was increased in survivors of subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage (hazard ratio for intracranial haemorrhage <i>v</i> cerebral infarction 10.2 (3.7 to 27.9)). The risk of seizures after ischaemic stroke was substantial only in patients presenting with severe strokes due to total anterior circulation infarction. Only 9 of 295 patients (3%) independent one month after stroke suffered a seizure between 1 month and 5 years (actuarial risk 4.2% (0.1% to 8.3%)). <b>Conclusion:</b> Stroke patients have about an 11.5% risk of single or recurrent seizures in the first 5 years after a stroke. Patients with more severe strokes or haemorrhagic strokes are at higher risk. <h3>Key messages</h3> Cerebrovascular disease is an important cause of epilepsy but the risk of seizures after stroke may be overestimated by hospital based studies From a community based register, patients with a first ever stroke had a 2% risk of having a seizure at stroke onset and an 11% risk of having a later seizure in the first 5 years of follow up Patients with intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage were at higher risk of seizures after stroke Survivors who were independent at 1 month were at very low risk of future seizures
P930 BLEEDING-UNRELATED MORTALITY IS NOT INCREASED IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND ASCITES ON TREATMENT WITH β-BLOCKERS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: A. Ferrarese, G. Germani, K.I. Rodriguez-Castro, E. Nadal, A. Zanetto, I. Bortoluzzi, F.P. Russo, P. Burra, A.K. Burroughs, M. Senzolo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
TCT-861 The effect of inflammation on left ventricular function after trancatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Manolis Vavuranakis, Maria Kariori, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Dimitrios Vrachatis, Carmen Moldovan, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Evangelia Gravia, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cerebral oedema after ingestion of MDMA ("ecstasy") and unrestricted intake of water
Authors: S M Matthai, J A Sills, D C Davidson, D Alexandrou
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”) is a synthetic derivative of amphetamine and a popular recreational drug among young people. It is known to cause severe hyperpyrexia, dehydration, and rhabdomyolysis.1 Unrestricted ingestion of water is commonly believed to be important in combating some of the side effects of ingestion of the drug. We report on two patients who developed clinical effects due to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after ingestion of MDMA. These adolescents had been “left to sleep it off” and presented …
Taste quality coding in vertebrate receptor molecules and cells
Authors: Linda M. Kennedy, Kristina M. Gonzalez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Recent work on receptor molecules and cells used prototypical sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami stimuli. Labeled-line coding was supported, but it remains possible that the molecules and cells could respond to other tastants. Studies with other tastants are needed. The sensory message might contain two codes – one for attraction or aversion, the other, across-fiber patterning of stimulus quality.
Inhibition of Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis by Modulation of Retinoblastoma Protein–Dependent Signaling in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ludger Hauck, Georg Hansmann, Rainer Dietz, Rüdiger von Harsdorf
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Apoptotic cell death is an important mode of cell loss contributing to heart dysfunction. To analyze the importance of the E2F-dependent regulation of gene transcription in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the function of cell cycle factors impinging on the retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/E2F pathway was investigated. In isolated neonatal ventricular myocytes, apoptotic cell death induced by hypoxia (deferoxamine, 100 μmol/L) specifically activated cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) 2 and 3. Apoptotic cell death was inhibited by ectopic expression of cdk inhibitors p21 CIP and p27 KIP1 but not p16 INK4 . In addition, apoptosis was also abrogated by forced expression of kinase dead mutant proteins of cdk2/3 but not of cdk4/6. Introduction of cdk inhibitors or dominant-negative cdk2/3 blocked pRb hyperphosphorylation and abrogated E2F-dependent gene transcription, including that of the E2F-responsive genes of proapoptotic caspase 3 and caspase 7. Moreover, introduction of constitutively active pRb and transcriptionally inert mutant E2F1/DP1 efficiently protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that cdk-specific inactivation of pRb and the subsequent activation of E2F-dependent gene transcription are required for cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
MUCOLYTIC ENZYME SYSTEMS. X. SERUM HYALURONIDASE INHIBITOR IN LIVER DISEASE 1
Authors: George G. Snively, David Glick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

Clear evidence of the site of origin of the inhibiting substance is lacking. Wattenberg and Glick (10), in an analysis of a wide variety of tissues from the rabbit, found it in none of the material studied. In the course of their investigations they noted that certain hemoglobin derivatives and steroids possessed inhibitory properties; extending their observations, they noted that many similar chemical compounds also produced inhibition, but that such compounds were uniformly heat stable and not, as is the serum inhibitor, heat labile. The interest in these investigations, as well as in the current one, has been in the nonspecific inhibitor which will act on the enzyme regardless of its source, rather than the specific antibody inhibitors that develop when hyaluronidase is used as an antigen (11). It has also been found that the inhibitor migrates with 'albumin in an electrophoretic field (12, 13). This migration with serum albumin, and the finding of an inhibiting property inherent in various products of liver metabolism (10), prompted an evaluation of the serum inhibiting property in disorders of the liver, since it was felt that a de
Doctors disagree over detention of patients with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The World Health Organization has issued new guidance on the treatment of patients with extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), after it was suggested that people may need to be involuntarily detained to prevent a virtually untreatable disease from emerging. 

Writing in the latest edition of PLoS Medicine (2007;4:e50, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040050), Jerome Singh, from South Africa's Centre for the Aids Programme of Research, recommends that the South African government follow the example of New York state in the 1990s, where forced confinement was used successfully to contain an outbreak of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis. 

The outbreak of XDR-TB in South Africa ( BMJ 2006;333:566, 16 Sep) has so far caused 74 …
Electrothermal bipolar vessel sealing system in axillary dissection: A prospective randomized clinical study
Authors: Tomás Cortadellas, Octavi Córdoba, Martín Espinosa-Bravo, César Mendoza-Santin, Julia Rodríguez-Fernández, Antonio Esgueva, María Álvarez-Vinuesa, Isabel T. Rubio, Jordi Xercavins
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)
In vivo behavior of radioiodinated rabbit antithrombin III. Demonstration of a noncirculating vascular compartment.
Authors: T H Carlson, A C Atencio, T L Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Rabbit antithrombin III (AT), purified by heparin-agarose, was labeled with iodine-131 by either the glucose oxidase-lactoperoxidase or iodine monochloride techniques. When intravenously injected, the disappearance of the 131I-AT from plasma was characterized by rapid initial decreases, and three-exponential equations were required for best fit of the plasma disappearance curves. This rapid 131I-AT removal was not caused by denaturation, as shown by comparison with results obtained when 131I-AT was biologically screened (injected into a first rabbit, and then transferred 16 h later in whole plasma to a second for kinetic evaluation) before injection. Thus, the same rapid initial loss of plasma 131I-AT was observed with screened preparations, and the plasma fractional catabolic rates of 0.716 +/- 0.048 and 0.673 +/- 0.051 day-1 for unscreened and screened 131I-AT were not significantly different. These results support the hypothesis that a vascular-endothelial AT compartment is present in rabbit. The fractions of the total-body AT in the plasma, the vascular-endothelial and the extravascular compartments were 0.337 +/- 0.031, 0.178 +/- 0.056, and 0.485 +/- 0.069, respectively. Two three-compartment kinetic models are discussed. The first pictures AT as distributing independently between plasma and two other compartments, and the second sees AT as first passing to the vascular-endothelial compartment, and then directly into the extravascular compartment. The plasma 131I-AT kinetic data was consistent with both models, but the sizes of the vascular-endothelial compartments were best predicted by the second. If AT catabolism was assigned to the plasma, both models generally underpredicted the whole-body radioactivities, while assignment of breakdown to the extravascular compartment generally resulted in overpredictions. This suggests that AT catabolism occurs from both plasma and extravascular compartments.
THE PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL LEAD POISONING
Authors: ALICE HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is just about fourteen years since I made my first voyage of exploration into the lead trades, as a member of a commission appointed by Governor Deneen to study occupational poisoning in the state of Illinois. Fourteen years is not very long, but in that time many changes can come, and in American industry many have come. In 1910 there was no workmen's compensation law, and the damages paid to injured employees were for accidental injuries, not for illness. No employer was held responsible for lead poisoning in his working force, and, in consequence, few of them knew there was such a thing, and the physicians who did know kept the knowledge to themselves. In 1910, the American Medical Association had never held a formal session on the subject of occupational diseases. That happy state of ignorance has vanished; there is fairly general information as to lead poisoning in