tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia
Authors: Véronique Witko-Sarsat, Miriam Friedlander, Chantal Capeillère-Blandin, Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Anh Thu Nguyen, Johanna Zingraff, Paul Jungers, Béatrice Descamps-Latscha
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Limited Efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Differentiation Between Metastasis-Free Pancreatic Cancer and Mass-Forming Pancreatitis
Authors: Katsuhiko Kato, Takashi Nihashi, Mitsuru Ikeda, Shinji Abe, Shingo Iwano, Shigeki Itoh, Kazuhiro Shimamoto, Shinji Naganawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Differentiation between metastasis-free pancreatic cancer and mass-forming pancreatitis is important to avoid unnecessary operative procedures. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of PET/CT with F-FDG (FDG PET/CT) for the differential diagnosis between them.FDG-PET/CT was performed in 47 study patients with pancreatic masses and without any detectable metastases, 33 of which cases were finally diagnosed as pancreatic cancer and the other 14 as pancreatitis, and the corresponding imaging data were evaluated retrospectively. The maximal SUV (SUVmax) within the masses were determined at 1 hour and mostly at 2 hours after intravenous injection of FDG.SUVmax at 1 hour in pancreatic cancer was significantly higher than that in mass-forming pancreatitis, and the change in SUVmax from 1- to 2-hour time points was more consistent with pancreatic cancer than with mass-forming pancreatitis. However, there remained considerable overlapping between the SUVmax values of both diseases except either at the higher range for pancreatic cancer (> 7.7 at 1 hour or > 9.98 at 2 hours) or at the lower range for mass-forming pancreatitis (<3.37 at 1 hour or <3.53 at 2 hours). No obvious difference was found in the FDG uptake patterns of the mass areas between both diseases.Differentiation between metastasis-free pancreatic cancer and mass-forming pancreatitis is difficult by FDG-PET/CT due to considerable overlapping between the SUVmax values of the two diseases, although the differential diagnosis may be possible either at the higher range of SUVmax (> 7.7 at 1 hour or > 9.98 at 2 hours) for pancreatic cancer or at the lower range of SUVmax (<3.37 at 1 hour or <3.53 at 2 hours) for mass-forming pancreatitis.
Case of Extensive Malignant Disease of the Abdominal Viscera: Obscurity of Symptoms
Authors: W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1859)

of adipose matter in their tubes and cells, with a preternatural excretion of phosphate of lime with the urine."(Diseases of the BonIes, p. 237.)A wooman was inulder my care in 1851 for fracture of the tibia and fibiula.The parts would not unite with any degree of
Infolding of Ultraflex self-expanding metal stent on insertion
Authors: B. Arroja, C. Gonçalves, F. Silva, I. Cotrim, H. Vasconcelos
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, without curative options in 50 % – 60 % of cases. Of the major complications, the principal ones are luminal obstruction and esophagorespiratory fistulas [1].
Patients' privacy and dignity in gastroenterology ward
Authors: E. Said, P. Sidhu, K. Kapur, A. Soliman
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Respecting patient privacy, dignity and confidentiality are one of the principles of good practice laid out by the general medical council. Inpatients in the gastroenterology ward are likely to be subjected to more intimate examination, need more bowel care and may have alcohol intake problems that they wish only to discuss in private. <h3>Methods</h3> A designed questionnaire to test patients perception of how their privacy, dignity and confidentiality have been maintained during their stay in our ward was handed on discharge over 3-month period. Out of 150 consecutive discharges9 questionnaires, 50 responses were returned. Results were collected and analysed in relation to whether patient stayed in single, four-bedded or six-bedded rooms. <h3>Results</h3> 50 patients, 48% (24/50) males, mean age 56 (range 20–81 years), 52% (26/50) female mean age 61 (range 42–90 years). Reasons for admission: gastroenterology related admission 62% (31/50) (alcohol, diarrhoea, bleeding, etc), non-gastroenterology related (stroke, fall, etc) 38% (19/50). 80% (40/50) of the patients confirmed that their privacy had always been maintained when discussing their condition and medical treatment (81% in 6 bedded, 78% in 4 bedded, 85% in single room). 48% (24/50) of the patients confirmed that their consultation had never been interrupted, while 36% (18/50) patients had interruption sometimes, 4% (2/50) frequently and 10%(5/50) always.44% (19/43) of the patients in the 6 and 4 bedded rooms confirmed overhearing conversations of medical information about other patients either sometimes or frequently. 86% (43/50) of the patients confirmed that they had been given enough privacy and explanation before examined (90% in 6 bedded, 84% in 4 bedded, 85% in single room). All patients (100%) felt curtains and chaperones were used appropriately.18% (9/50) of the patients did need help with personal hygiene (16% in 6 bedded, 25% in 4 bedded, 0% in single room). 100% patients who stayed 1–3 days felt respected compared to 94% 4–7 days, 84% 7–14 day and 77% &gt;14 days.84% (26/31) of the patient admitted with gastroenterology problem felt they were always treated with respect and dignity compared to 89% (17/19) of those admitted with non-gastroenterology related problem. Overall 88%(44/50) of the patients felt they were always treated with respect and dignity during stay (90% in 6 bedded, 90% in 4 bedded, 71% in single room) compared to 12%(6/50) felt that only sometimes or frequently. <h3>Conclusion</h3> It is difficult to maintain confidentiality in the 4 and 6 bed settings. Duration of stay in the gastroenterology ward appear to have more impact than the room setting and reasons for admission in maintaining respect and dignity. The role of staff professional attitude and behaviour need to be further evaluated.
Magnetic Forces Enable Rapid Endothelialization of Synthetic Vascular Grafts
Authors: Sorin V. Pislaru, Adriana Harbuzariu, Gautam Agarwal, Tyra Witt AAS CVT LATG, Rajiv Gulati, Nicole P. Sandhu, Cheryl Mueske AA, Manju Kalra, Robert D. Simari, Gurpreet S. Sandhu
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Synthetic vascular grafts cannot be used in small vessels because of graft failure caused by thrombosis and neointima formation. Rapid endothelialization may overcome this limitation. We hypothesized that a magnetic graft would be able to capture and retain endothelial cells labeled with paramagnetic particles.Porcine blood derived endothelial cells were allowed to endocytose superparamagnetic iron oxide microspheres. Cell survival was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and demonstrated a dose-dependent cell survival of 75% to 95%. A flexible magnetic sheet was annealed to the external surface of a knitted Dacron graft. Labeled cells (10(6)/mL) were placed within the graft for 5 minutes. Confocal and electron microscopy confirmed uniform cell capture at the magnetized surface. The effect of shear forces on the adherent cells was evaluated in a flow chamber. The cells remained attached at rates up to 300 mL/min, with cell loss commencing at 400 mL/min. Prototype magnetic grafts were implanted in porcine carotid arteries. Labeled cells were placed within the graft for 10 minutes at the time of implantation. The grafts were evaluated after one day and uniform cell coverage was noted on the magnetized surface. In comparison, relatively few labeled cells were seen attached to a nonmagnetized surface.Magnetic forces can be used to rapidly cover a vascular graft with paramagnetically labeled cells. This biophysical interaction is sufficient to retain cells in the presence of blood flow. Applications of this technique may include rapid endothelialization of synthetic vascular grafts and dialysis fistulas.
Unstable Angina Due to Spontaneous Coronary-Artery Dissection
Authors: S C Eccleshall, J N Townend
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. The mechanism of spontaneous coronary-artery dissection, a rare cause of unstable angina, is unclear, but predisposing factors include inborn errors of metabolism and collagen synthesis. A 61-year-old woman presented with a one-hour history of chest pain suggestive of myocardial infarction. Physical examination was normal except for a blood pressure of 160/82 mm Hg. Electrocardiography revealed inferolateral T-wave inversion (Panel A). Unstable angina was diagnosed, and treatment with aspirin, beta-blockers, and intravenous heparin and nitrates was begun. The peak creatine kinase level 24 hours after admission was 286 U per liter (normal, <196). Angiography revealed a dissection flap within . . .
Constitutional 11p15 abnormalities, including heritable imprinting center mutations, cause nonsyndromic Wilms tumor
Authors: Richard H Scott, Jenny Douglas, Linda Baskcomb, Nikki Huxter, Karen Barker, Sandra Hanks, Alan Craft, Mary Gerrard, Janice A Kohler, Gill A Levitt, Sue Picton, Barry Pizer, Milind D Ronghe, Denise Williams, Jackie A Cook, Pascal Pujol, Eamonn R Maher, Jillian M Birch, Charles A Stiller, Kathy Pritchard-Jones, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
THE LOSS OF CIRCULATING ERYTHROCYTES IN CERTAIN TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chauncey D. Leake, Thomas K. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

Erythrocyte counts, blood volume, hemoglobin, and hematocrit determinations on a series of dogs suffering from experimental pneumonia induced by the tracheal insufflation of Bacillus bronchiseplicus and Bacillus mucosus capsulatus indicate that in this condition there is an actual loss of circulating erythrocytes, without compensatory regeneration. Postmortem examination of the organs of these animals revealed red cells in various stages of degeneration in the capillaries and tissue spaces of the lungs, liver, spleen, and intestinal walls.
Cardiac material markers from tagged MR images
Authors: William S. Kerwin, Jerry L. Prince
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (1998)

Tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown great promise in non-invasive analysis of heart motion. To replace implanted markers as a gold standard, however, tagged MRI must be able to track a sparse set of material points, so-called material markers, with high accuracy. This paper presents a new method for generating accurate motion estimates over a sparse set of material points using standard, parallel-tagged MR images. Each tracked point is located at the intersection of three tag surfaces, each of which is estimated using a thin-plate spline. The intersections are determined by an iterative alternating projections algorithm for which a proof of convergence is provided. The resulting data sets are compatible with applications developed to exploit implanted marker data. One set of these material markers from a normal human volunteer is examined in detail using several methods to visualize the markers. Numerical results that include additional studies are also discussed. Finally, an error analysis is presented using a computer-simulated left ventricle for which material markers are tracked with an RMS error of approximately 0.2 mm for typical imaging parameters and noise levels.
STUDIES ON THE LEUKOCYTOSIS AND LYMPHOCYTOSIS INDUCED BY BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Authors: Stephen I. Morse, Sallie K. Riester
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The 24 hr volume flow, cell concentration, and total cell output of thoracic duct fluid from mice with pertussis-induced hyperlymphocytosis were markedly reduced when compared with values obtained in normal animals. An increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes occurred in several of the pertussis-treated mice despite the presence of an indwelling thoracic duct cannula. The drainage from such animals also showed a reduced cell concentration and total cell output. It is suggested that lymphocyte recirculation may be minimal in pertussis-induced lymphocytosis, and the evidence obtained also suggests that lymphocytes may enter the blood stream by direct routes during the course of the reaction.
Paradoxical Relationship Between N-Terminal Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide and Filling Pressure in Adults With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: William E. Hopkins, Christian Hall
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Many adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease are characterized by reduced ventricular filling pressures and decreased systemic oxygen transport. Data from animals suggest that hypoxia can induce synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. Methods and Results We measured plasma N-terminal (1-98) proatrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) in 26 cyanotic adults and 28 noncyanotic control subjects. Resting arterial oxygen saturation was significantly lower and hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit significantly greater in cyanotic patients than in control subjects (82±6 versus 96±3%, 19.7±2.2 versus 14.7±2.1 g/dL, and 59.0±8.5% versus 44.3±5.2%, respectively, P &lt;.0001 in all cases). Four cyanotic patients had evidence of iron deficiency. Plasma proANP levels were elevated in cyanotic patients compared with control subjects (1828±1147 versus 689±343 pmol/L, P &lt;.0001). Comparison of resting arterial oxygen saturation and proANP levels demonstrated an inverse linear relationship between the two measures ( r =−.70, P &lt;.0001). There was a significant linear relationship between both hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and proANP levels as well ( r =.53, P =.0003 and r =.48, P =.002, respectively). Cyanotic patients had lower mean right atrial pressures than the control subjects (4±3 versus 7±2 mm Hg, P =.005), and there were inverse logarithmic relationships between proANP levels and systemic cardiac index ( r =−.82, P =.0002), systemic oxygen transport ( r =−.68, P =.005), and mixed venous oxygen saturation ( r =−.79, P &lt;.0001). Conclusions Adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease are characterized by increased levels of plasma proANP. The increased atrial natriuretic peptide most likely results in extracellular and plasma volume depletion and reduced systemic oxygen transport. Measures designed to increase ventricular filling may improve quality of life of these patients.
Principles of Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus: 1979
Authors: Ronald A Arky, Frank Q Nuttall, Burness G Wenberg, Maria Alogna, James W Anderson, Dolly Austin, Diana Camacho, Betty Ann Clamp, Phyllis Crapo, Albert B Eisenstein, Steven G Gabbe, Mildred Kaufman, Erroll B Marliss, Wendy R Midgley, Jerrold N Olefsky, Barbara Prater, Dorothea Turner, Betty Wedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in chronic hepatitis C: a correlation with histological fibrosis and activity
Authors: Hervé Zylberberg, Anne-Cécile Rimaniol, Stanislas Pol, Annie Masson, Donat De Groote, Pierre Berthelot, Jean-François Bach, Christian Bréchot, Flora Zavala
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Excimer laser-induced simultaneous ablation and spectral identification of normal and atherosclerotic arterial tissue layers.
Authors: G Laufer, G Wollenek, K Hohla, R Horvat, K H Henke, M Buchelt, G Wutzl, E Wolner
Journal: Circulation (1988)

A krypton-fluorine excimer laser at a 248-nm wavelength was used to irradiate normal and severely atherosclerotic segments of human postmortem femoral arteries. Single pulses and multiple pulses required for penetration or perforation of the arterial wall were applied with 16 nsec pulse width and 5 J/cm2/pulse energy fluence. The total fluorescence of irradiated and ablated tissue was analyzed in real-time mode by means of spectroscopy. Each laser pulse produced one spectrum that was characteristic of the composition of the tissue layer, which was ablated. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated a broad-continuum emission between 300 and 700 nm with peak fluorescence of equal intensity at wavelengths of 370 and 460 nm (ratio, 1.004 +/- 0.087) for normal media layers. Atheromas without calcification (lipid, fibrous, and mixed) were found with spectral maxima at the same wavelengths but with significantly reduced intensity at 460 nm (ratio, 1.765 +/- 0.263; p less than 0.001). In contrast to this broad-continuum fluorescence, calcified plaques displayed multiple-line emission with the most prominent peaks at wavelengths of 397, 442, 450, 461, 528, and 558 nm. These fluorescence criteria identified the histologically classified target tissue precisely. Histological examination of the corresponding arterial layers indicated sharply delineated and circumscribed tissue ablation. These results indicate that simultaneous tissue identification (diagnosis) and ablation (treatment) by excimer laser irradiation is feasible under strict laboratory conditions. We conclude that this principle demonstrates the potential for laser beam control by means of target-specific ablation.
Should an Institution That Has Commercial Rights in a New Drug or Device Be Allowed to Evaluate the Technology?
Authors: Ross McKinney, David Korn
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

In the United States, the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 encouraged universities to license inventions for commercial development. Although this financial incentive can stimulate academic researchers to discover new drugs and devices, there is concern that the possibility of monetary reward could distort investigators' objectivity.
PPARα agonist fenofibrate improves diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice
Authors: C.W. Park, Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, J. Wu, L. Chen, D.R. Cha, D. Su, M.-T. Hwang, X. Fan, L. Davis, G. Striker, F. Zheng, M. Breyer, Y. Guan
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Contribution of Superior Vena Caval Flow to Total Cardiac Output in Children
Authors: Mubadda A. Salim, Thomas G. DiSessa, Kristopher L. Arheart, Bruce S. Alpert
Journal: Circulation (1995)

After a cavopulmonary anastomosis, the superior vena caval flow, by virtue of being the effective pulmonary blood flow, is the most important factor influencing the systemic arterial saturation. Determination of the amount of this blood flow will allow a better understanding of the physiology of the circulation after this anastomosis. The purposes of this study were to determine the volumetric flow in the superior vena cava and to evaluate its contribution to the cardiac output as children grow.Using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, we measured the diameter of and mean flow velocities in the superior venae cavae and the pulmonary arteries of 145 healthy children. We calculated the volumetric flow in each vessel and determined the ratio of superior vena caval flow to total cardiac output. Cardiac output and superior vena caval flow increased with increasing age and body surface area. The superior vena caval flow accounted for 49% of cardiac output in newborn infants. This contribution increased to a maximum of 55% at the age of 2.5 years. Afterward, there was a slow decline in the ratio of superior vena caval-pulmonary arterial flow; it reached the adult value of 35% by 6.6 years of age.There is a maturational change in the superior vena caval contribution to total cardiac output in children. This is most likely related to somatic growth and changes in body segment proportions. This flow maturation may explain the higher systemic saturation in infants compared with older children after cavopulmonary anastomosis.
Selective Role of an NH2-Terminal WxxLF Motif for Aberrant Androgen Receptor Activation in Androgen Depletion–Independent Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Scott M. Dehm, Kevin M. Regan, Lucy J. Schmidt, Donald J. Tindall
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Systemic prostate cancer therapy requires androgen ablation, which inhibits the production or action of androgens. Prostate cancer ultimately relapses during androgen ablation, and an androgen depletion-independent (ADI) phenotype emerges. Aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation underlies therapy resistance at this stage of the disease, and mounting evidence implicates the large and highly disordered AR NH2-terminal domain (NTD) as a key mediator of this activity. In this study, we investigated the role of the NTD transactivation unit 5 (TAU5) domain in mediating AR transcriptional activity in cell-based models of prostate cancer progression. AR replacement and Gal4-based promoter tethering experiments revealed that AR TAU5 had a dichotomous function, inhibiting ligand-dependent AR activity in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, while enhancing ligand-independent AR activity in ADI prostate cancer cells. Molecular dissection of TAU5 showed that a WxxLF motif was fully responsible for its ligand-independent activity. Mechanistically, WxxLF did not rely on an interaction with the AR ligand-binding domain to mediate ligand-independent AR activity. Rather, WxxLF functioned as an autonomous transactivation domain. These data show that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent AR activation rely on fundamentally distinct mechanisms, and define WxxLF as the major transactivation motif within the AR TAU5 domain. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):10067–77]
Practicing Medicine in the New Business Climate
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Health care is becoming a business. Pressures from insurers and third-party payers for containment of costs, the growing presence of investor-owned health care corporations, and competition for market share among our overbuilt and underused hospitals are transforming the U.S. health care system into an industry. Even many of the supposedly not-for-profit voluntary hospitals have begun to behave like profit-oriented businesses. Meanwhile, the overburdened and underfunded public hospitals struggle to survive. This transformation is being encouraged by the Reagan administration, which believes in the privatization of most social services, including medical care, and considers a competitive market to be the best . . .
Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight.
Authors: R W Newton, L P Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The relation of low birth weight to psychosocial stress in pregnancy was examined using a life events inventory and a state anxiety index. Two hundred and fifty women were randomly selected and interviewed three times during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Twenty six were excluded. Of the remaining 224 women, nine miscarried, 195 had healthy term babies, and 20 gave birth to babies that were either premature or of low birth weight at term. Low birth weight and prematurity were significantly associated with objective major life events but not state anxiety. The occurrence of objective major life events in the third trimester may be important in precipitating preterm labour. Cigarette smoking was the best predictor and objective major life events the second best predictor of low birth weight. The result was not dependent on social class. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may be an important mediator of stress on the fetus. Antenatal care should take greater account of stress in pregnancy, and social support systems should be evaluated.