tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of an oxidative response inhibitor produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: F E Perry, C J Elson, T J Mitchell, P W Andrew, J R Catterall
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Pneumonia caused by infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is still a major clinical problem. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the killing of these bacteria by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Defence mechanisms of Str pneumoniae which counter reactive oxygen species are characterised. METHODS--PMNs were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in the presence and absence of Str pneumoniae and supernatants from them, and superoxide (O2-) production was measured by the reduction of ferricytochrome c. RESULTS--Streptococcus pneumoniae, but not Klebsiella pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus, inhibited PMA stimulated superoxide production by PMNs. Washed PMNs which had been preincubated with Str pneumoniae autolysis phase supernatants also exhibited depressed H2O2 production in response to PMA. The inhibitory activity was not attributable to non-specific cytotoxicity as assessed by release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, nor did the supernatants inhibit PMA stimulated degranulation of PMNs. Fractionation of the autolysis phase supernatants revealed inhibitory activity in both the fractions greater than and less than 10 kD. Like pneumolysin the inhibitory activity was heat sensitive. However, both a parent and pneumolysin negative mutant Str pneumoniae, and autolysis phase supernatants from them, inhibited PMN superoxide production. Antisera to pneumolysin failed to abrogate the inhibitory effect of intact Str pneumoniae or autolysis phase supernatants from types 1 or 14 Str pneumoniae. CONCLUSIONS--The inhibitory effect of Str pneumoniae on the respiratory burst of PMNs is not shared by two other common lung pathogens. The existence of a novel inhibitor of the PMN respiratory burst, distinct from pneumolysin, has been demonstrated. The inhibitor is specific for the respiratory burst and is active both in the logarithmic phase of growth and during autolysis.
Prospective serial evaluation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, during treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia, to assess disease activity and therapeutic response
Authors: Amir T. Fathi, Hossein Sadrzadeh, Darrell R. Borger, Karen K. Ballen, Philip C. Amrein, Eyal C. Attar, Julia Foster, Meghan Burke, Hector U. Lopez, Christina R. Matulis, Katherine M. Edmonds, A. John Iafrate, Kimberly S. Straley, Katharine E. Yen, Samuel Agresta, David P. Schenkein, Cedric Hill, Ashkan Emadi, Donna S. Neuberg, Richard M. Stone, Yi-Bin Chen
Journal: Blood (2012)
Intramural Hematoma of the Duodenum
Authors: Ira A. Ferguson, William J. Goade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DUODENAL obstruction secondary to intramural hematoma has been reported as a complication of nonpenetrating abdominal trauma, but may also occur spontaneously.Felson and Levin1 reported 4 cases of intramural hematoma of the duodenum and described pathognomonic x-ray findings, which were present on gastrointestinal examinations in our patient and allowed a correct preoperative diagnosis.Case ReportG.M. (L.H. 91924), a 24-year-old man, was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of epigastric pain and vomiting. He had had a heavy alcoholic intake for 1 week before the onset of this illness. Two days before admission on January 30, 1958, severe . . .
JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib as pretreatment for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in primary or post-ET/PV myelofibrosis
Authors: T Stübig, H Alchalby, M Ditschkowski, D Wolf, G Wulf, T Zabelina, C Wolschke, F Ayuk, N Kröger
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Guanidinated Thiourea‐Decorated Polyethylenimines for Enhanced Membrane Penetration and Efficient siRNA Delivery
Authors: Yuce Li, Huayu Tian, Jianxun Ding, Lin Lin, Jie Chen, Shiqian Gao, Xuesi Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

RNA interference (RNAi) provides the promising treatments of gene‐related diseases while hindered by the lack of highly efficient delivery platform with low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the intracellular fates of nonviral gene carriers are closely related to their internalization pathway, and eventually influence their RNAi efficiency. Herein, a series of guanidinated thiourea‐modified polyethylenimines (PEI‐MTU‐Gs) are synthesized and utilized as the efficient carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA) with up to 71.6% inhibition of luciferase activity in the luciferase‐expressing cell lines (i.e., HeLa/Luc cells). The introduction of noncationic hydrogen bond donors, that is, thiourea groups, provides the carriers with much lower cytotoxicities and relatively looser complex structures that facilitate the intracellular release of siRNAs. Furthermore, the multiguanidino structures endow the PEI‐MTU‐G/siRNA complexes with the ability to directly penetrate cell membrane, which facilitates the cellular internalization while avoiding them suffering from the rigorous lysosomes. The results demonstrate PEI‐MTU 35 ‐Gs as promising siRNA carriers for further gene therapy.
The Selection of Residents
Authors: Joel S. Mindel
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Volle,<sup>1</sup>in his editorial in the Jan 8,1988, issue, correctly states that ophthalmology programs use scores from Part I of the National Board of Medical Examiners tests as part of the resident selection process. However, he is incorrect as to the motive. It is not because National Board scores are assumed (falsely) to correlate with "the quality of later professional life." Perhaps he would not have erred if Dr McCollister,<sup>2</sup>in his article in the same issue, would have used a questionnaire asking programs<i>why</i>as well as<i>if</i>they used National Board scores. The reason I, and others in my department, use Part I National Board scores in the residency selection process is that I believe they correlate with the scores on the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examinations given yearly to residents by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Before we began using
Abstract 4926: Modeling the transcriptome landscape of HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: Krishna R. Kalari, High-Seng Chai, Yan W. Asmann, Xiaojia Tang, David Rossell, Saurabh Baheti, Asha Nair, Tiffany R. Baker, Brian M. Necela, Jennifer M. Carr, Steve N. Hart, Zhifu Sun, Jennifer M. Kachergus, Curtis S. Younkin, Jean-Pierre A. Kocher, Aubrey E. Thompson, Edith A. Perez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Motivation: Overexpression of HER2 (the product of the ERBB2 gene) occurs in about 15% of all breast tumors. We have undertaken to use next generation transcriptome sequencing technology to identify genomic features that are unique to HER2+ tumors. Interactome mapping was then used to integrate the genes associated with these features into a transcriptome landscape model, with a view towards identifying nodes of interaction that might be targeted in HER2+ tumors. Methods: We performed 50nt paired-end RNA-sequencing for 24 breast tumors: 8 each HER2+, ER+, triple negatives (TN). In addition to breast adenocarcinomas, we also sequenced 8 early passage non-transformed HMEC cell lines as normal controls. Reads from RNA sequencing were aligned to the genome and exon junctions using TopHat software. Gene counts were summarized and annotations were performed using our in-house programs. Tukey's test was used to obtain genes or transcripts that are specific to HER2 tumor group compared to other tumors/normal. A combination of bioinformatics softwares and algorithms were used to identify SNVs. Results: Only 13527 genes with median gene count greater than 16 reads in at least one of the 4 groups were considered for differential gene expression and splicing analysis. Some 696 genes were differentially expressed in HER2+ tumors compared to ER+, TN tumors and HMECs. We identified 272 alternately spliced transcripts for which the HER2+ tumors exhibited a mean transcript expression ratio significantly different from the means of other tumor groups. We also identified 4735 expressed single nucleotide variants that are uniquely associated with HER2+ tumors compared to other tumors/normal groups. Among these 3579/4735 sequence polymorphisms were not present in the 1000 genome germline sequence database or in the dbSNP132 database of naturally occurring germline polymorphisms. Integration of all the genes obtained from genomic feature analyses (differential expression, alternative splicing, single nucleotide variance) has been carried out to indentify biological processes that are specific to the HER2+ tumor subtype. Key nodes and pathways that are specific to HER2+ tumors will be evaluated for association with clinical outcome in a large series of patients who have received HER2-targeted therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4926. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4926
Review: Enhanced oral hygiene prevents respiratory infection in older persons in hospitals and nursing homes
Authors: Harrison G. Weed
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Sjögren P, Nilsson E, Forsell M, Johansson O, Hoogstraate J. A systematic review of the preventive effect of oral hygiene on pneumonia and respiratory tract infection in elderly people in hospitals and nursing homes: effect estimates and methodological quality of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:2124-30. 18795989
Cellular and molecular immune profiles in renal transplant recipients after conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus
Authors: Lorenzo Gallon, Opas Traitanon, Nedjema Sustento-Reodica, Joseph Leventhal, M. Javeed Ansari, Ricardo C. Gehrau, Venkatesh Ariyamuthu, Sacha A. De Serres, Antonio Alvarado, Darshika Chhabra, James M. Mathew, Nader Najafian, Valeria Mas
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
The Psychiatrist and Compensation Neuroses
Authors: J. Dunne
Journal: BMJ (1953)

BRrrUH 427 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA ORA Three successful pregnancies subsequent to denervation of the internal iliac vessels are reported.The first patient had had two stillbirths and the second three stillbirths.The third patient had had a fulminating attack of pre-eclampsia at the 22nd week of her first pregnancy and possessed but one kidney.It is suggested that adequate nutrition of the placenta, particularly when it is being formed, is essential to a normal pregnancy, and that in a very few cases the actual size of the internal iliac arteries makes this impossible in the presence of normal arterial tone.The fact that adequate nutrition of the placenta is essential to a normal pregnancy by no means excludes the necessity for the proper nourishment of the maternal organs, and in the vast majority of cases the one requisite is impossible apart from the other.No evidence was obtained to suggest that the pre- eclamptic syndrome can be attributed to afferent nerve ,impulses arising in the uterus.The cases studied provide no support for the view that long-sustained hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy cause either chronic nephritis or hypertension, or can be attributed to a " renal shunt."
STENT DESIGN IMPACTS GEOMETRIC VESSEL DISTORTION FOLLOWING CORONARY ARTERY STENTING IN SEVERELY ANGULATED LESIONS: ANGIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE PLATINUM TRIAL
Authors: Jeffrey J. Popma, Alexandra Almonacid, Dean Kereiakes, Ian Meredith, Paul Teirstein, Dominic Allocco, Keith D. Dawkins, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Knowledge and use of secondary contraception among patients requesting termination of pregnancy.
Authors: D R Bromham, R S Cartmill
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The results of a survey of 769 patients attending the St. James's University Fertility Control Clinic, England, for abortion services showed that patients seeing general practitioners were less knowledgeable than those attending specialist clinics. There was a demonstrated need for counseling on pill and condom use and protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Knowledge of postcoital methods was also found to be lacking. The survey was conducted between April 1, 1991, and January 31, 1992. Respondents included minorities such as Afro-Caribbean (8%) and Asian (9%). 307 of the cases were using a less effective form of contraception at the time of conception, usually a change from the pill to condoms. Of the 171 people reporting failure of contraception, 93 noted a split or leaking condom; 13, a condom falling off during intercourse; 32, inconsistent use of condoms;l 32, forgetting to take contraceptive pills or using antibiotics with the pill; and 1, a late injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate. 45 of the 309 people who had conceived while using condoms recognized a potential condom failure, and only 20 attempted any emergency contraceptive method such as the postcoital pill. Only 30% of the 171 patients with recognized condom failure and 12% of the 210 who had not used any contraception had adequate knowledge of the existence, timing, and source of postcoital pills; i.e., 20% of 381. Only 2% of the 171 nd 2% of the 381 patients, had knowledge of postcoital insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. Given the choice between and unplanned pregnancy and postcoital contraceptive, most (718 out of 769) preferred using postcoital contraception. Contraceptive information was given to 501 by a general practitioner, to 102 by a community family planning clinic, and 163 had no medical advice. There was a range of knowledge of postcoital contraceptive methods. Knowledge of how to deal with forgotten pills, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, and concurrent antibiotic treatment among the 422 patients who had ever used the combined pill also was variable. 19% of the 372 patients treated by general practitioners knew 4 correct answers, but 50% of the 50 patients in community family planning clinics answered correctly 4 times. Differences could not be explained by other demographic characteristics.
A British Medical Association Lecture on SEDATIVES IN LABOUR, PARTICULARLY "TWILIGHT SLEEP."
Authors: J. S. Fairbairn
Journal: BMJ (1929)

SOME preliminary observations are necessary to emphasize the impiortant part played by sedatives in modern obstetric practice by removing influences iiihibiting uterine action.The clhief characteristic of present-dav niidwifery as comp)ared with that of a generation ago is its permiieation with the idleals of preventive medicine, with the p'rservation of normal functioil in all systems of the body, as its primary aim.In midwifery our aim: must likewise be to secure thIe normal throughout the processes of reproduction, in pregnancy, labour, lying-in, and lactation, and all interference with or substitution for normal function must be regarded as a failure to attain that end.In accordaanee with this priniciple suctess in obstetric 'practice will be measured by the proportion of natural piegnancies and labours obtained without disability in mother or child.Suppose that by careful -ante-natal supervision the variouis discoverable causes of disordered funictioon in labour have, so far as possible, been eliminated-the misfits, malpresentations, malpositions, and such-like-and the physically well-developed and healthy woman, in whom nio abniormality, general or obstetric, is found, is alone under consideration, can we be certain that she will have a normal labour and deliver herself without artificial aid e. Ve cannot, and why?Because there may be some failure of tlhe natural powers-particularly of the final expulsive powers usutally the failure to overcome the last obstacle to tlhe birth, the resistance of the muscular pillars at the ouitlet.Hence the frequency of the low forceps operation, particilarly ill young and healthy primiparae, in whom fatiguLe is readily produced by the longer labour.The failurie lhere is generally ascribed to the resistance of the soft parts a factor undoubtedly-but, with the uterus working strongly and good expulsive efforts, the soft parts woutld give; in other words, relative we.akness of the * Beinio ; lecture delivered, unider the anispices of the univRrsity of London, at the LonI(lon School of lyviene and Tropical Medicine on March 12tii, 19.
The status of cardiac transplantation, 1975.
Authors: A K Rider, J G Copeland, S A Hunt, J Mason, M J Specter, R A Winkle, C P Bieber, M E Billingham, E Dong, R B Griepp, J S Schroeder, E B Stinson, D C Harrison, N E Shumway
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Since December 1967, 263 human cardiac transplant operations have been performed throughout the world. Eighty-two of these were performed at Stanford University Medical Center, In 1974, 27 such operations were performed, 15 at Stanford Survival rates for the entire Standford series are 48% at one year and 25% at three years; survival rates at one and three years for patients surviving the first three critical months after transplantation are 77% and 42%, respectively. Recipients under the age of 55 years, with New York Heart Association Class IV cardiac disability, are selected for transplant procedures according to criteria dictated by experience over the past seven years. A routine immunsuppressive regimen for organ transplantation, incorporating prednisone, azathioprine, and antithymocyte globulin is employed early postoperatively, and prednisone and azathioprine are used for indefinite maintenance therapy. Acute cardiac graft rejection in nearly all recipients is diagnosed by clinical signs, electrocardiographic changes, and percutaneous transvenous endomyocardial biopsy. Ninety-five percent of acute rejection episodes are reversible with appropriate immunosuppressive treatment, but infectious complications are common and have accounted for 56% of all postoperative deaths. The Stanford experience in cardiac transplantation has demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of this procedure. Maximum survival now extends beyond five years. Satisfactory graft function has been documented in long-term surviving patients, the majority of whom have enjoyed a high degree of social and physical rehabilitation.
Another loophole exploited by the drug industry
Authors: M. D. Brunet
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hitchings and colleagues’ excellent analysis of the methods used by drug companies to maximise profits omitted a new tactic that has resulted in £46m (€55.5m; $74m) additional annual costs to the NHS.1 It exploits the fact that the price of generic drugs is not negotiated with the Department of Health because market forces are meant to keep prices …
Abstract P5-01-16: Value of ultrasonography appearance of breast mass in prediction of histologic type
Authors: Z Xu, L Sun, H Yang, Y Song, G Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective to determine the relationship of sonographic features to the histological typing and grading of breast mass. Methods: 292 breast masses were prospectively evaluated with ultrasonography. Sonographic features included irregular shape, microlobulation, spiculated margin, halo, posterior attenuation, microcalcification, ductal distortion. Lesion morphology was analyzed and correlated with histopathologic results, which included tumor typing and grading. Then we make a retrospective analysis and evaluation of patients scanned completely by qualitative and semi-quantitative methods. All patients have signed the informed consent form before the test, together with the recognition of the Ethics Committee. Resuls: Among these masses, there are breast cancer accounted for 45.89% (134/292), A rounded or lobular mass was strongly associated with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), poorly differential invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC), or some of the specific invasive cancer. Mastitis accounted for 8.22% (24/292), fibroadenoma accounted for 43.84% (128/292), and phyllodes tumor accounted for 2.05% (6/292). In 134 breast cancer cases, 92.70% (127/134)have obviously sonographic features with justled growth was found around the turmor with lamellar necrosis in different extents and lympholeukocytic infiltration, microlobulation, speculated margin, halo, posterior attenuation, microcalcification, ductal distortion, with justled growth was found around the turmor, neoplastic cell array showed as massive nest, patchy and satin ribbon structure, and the membrane of tumor cells was unsharpness with less cytoplasma, round or oval nucleus, great heteromorphism, higher karyoplasmic ratio and common nuclear mitotic figures. Other 7 cases with fibrous tissue hyperplasia under microscope show a regular shape. In fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor and mastitis team, they shows unobviously sonographic features and the cell morphology contrast with breast cancer are quite different. Conclusions:Ultrasonography appearance of breast masses is related to pathologic characteristics and can be a predictor of histopathologic pattern preoperatively. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-16.
Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Is Required for HER2/<i>Neu</i>–Induced Breast Cancer
Authors: Mohamed Bentires-Alj, Benjamin G. Neel
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; PTPN1) is an important regulator of mammalian metabolism and also helps control signaling by growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix. Gene knockout studies in mice established PTP1B as a key negative regulator of the insulin and leptin receptors. Experiments using PTP1B(-/-) fibroblast lines, dominant-negative mutants, or small interfering RNAs indicate that PTP1B contributes to dephosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors as well. However, PTP1B also may have some positive (signal enhancing) roles downstream of some growth factor receptors and integrins. Previous studies indicated that PTP1B is overexpressed in a significant subset of breast and ovarian cancers, especially in those overexpressing HER2/Neu (HER2(+) tumors). However, experiments using tissue culture cells yield conflicting results on the effects of PTP1B in HER2 signaling, leaving the consequences of PTP1B overexpression for breast carcinogenesis unclear. To determine how PTP1B deficiency affects HER2-evoked breast tumorigenesis, we generated mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-NeuNT transgenic mice lacking one or both alleles of PTP1B. Although heterozygous loss of PTP1B has no effect on tumorigenesis, homozygous PTP1B deficiency dramatically delays or prevents the onset of MMTV-NeuNT-evoked breast tumors. The effects of PTP1B deficiency correlate with defective extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in preneoplastic mammary glands from compound mutant mice. In contrast, PTP1B deficiency has no effect on MMTV-polyoma middle T tumorigenesis. Our data raise the possibility that PTP1B inhibitors may be chemopreventative for some forms of breast cancer.
Doctor who spoke out on public health issue is sued
Authors: Christopher Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A doctor who claims he was doing his job according to the tenets of the Hippocratic oath when he spoke out about risks to health from the operations of a major logging company in Tasmania is being sued for causing alleged damage to the company's business activities.

Dr Frank Nicklason, a staff specialist physician at the Royal Hobart Hospital, is one of 20 defendants, including prominent environmentalists and another doctor, named in the writ by Gunns …