tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of the “July Effect” on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Mark P. Jarrett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters17 January 2012Impact of the “July Effect” on Patient OutcomesMark P. Jarrett, MDMark P. Jarrett, MDFrom Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Young and colleagues (1) and the accompanying editorial by Barach and Philibert (2) provide scientific evidence to support an observation that was quite apparent when I was a new medical resident in 1975. Why does this article surprise us 36 years later, when we have an inadequate orientation system that McDonald's would never accept? The factors that contribute to this are multifactorial but include inertia, lack of financial support, and a physician culture that perpetuates the notion: “This is the way we've always done it.”Orientation today is filled by Human Resources, Compliance, and ...References1. Young JQ, Ranji SR, Wachter RM, Lee CM, Niehaus B, Auerbach AD. “July effect”: impact of the academic year-end changeover on patient outcomes: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:309-15. [PMID: 21747093] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Barach P, Philibert I. The July effect: fertile ground for systems improvement [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:331-2. [PMID: 21747094] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee Also“July Effect”: Impact of the Academic Year-End Changeover on Patient Outcomes John Q. Young , Sumant R. Ranji , Robert M. Wachter , Connie M. Lee , Brian Niehaus , and Andrew D. Auerbach The July Effect: Fertile Ground for Systems Improvement Paul Barach and Ingrid Philibert Impact of the “July Effect” on Patient Outcomes John Q. Young , Andrew D. Auerbach , and Sumant R. Ranji Impact of the “July Effect” on Patient Outcomes Shimon (Seymour) M. Glick Impact of the “July Effect” on Patient Outcomes Louella Vaughan , Derek Bell , and Graeme McAlister Metrics Cited byMaking July Safer 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: 168KeywordsAdverse eventsConflicts of interestGraduate medical educationPatientsSafetySafety studies ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Natural family planning. Abstinence unnatural in primates.
Authors: S F Crane, M Potts
Journal: BMJ (1993)

often does not have the same motivation, and, particularly in developing countries, a woman may have an unequal say in such a decision.If she feels unhappy living with such uncertainty and decides, from purely unselfish motives, to try a more reliable method of birth control, it is she who has to bear all the guilt imposed on her by the Catholic church.Surely such a situation can have been created only by men, and men with no understand- ing of the problems faced by women.ANNEJEWELL
National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: II. A Typology of Residency Training Programs in Internal Medicine
Authors: PETER A. WEIL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

This second paper of the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower describes the differing environments of residency training programs. Using previous studies as prototypes, the authors apply factor analysis to data from questionnaires returned by residency training directors and residents to illustrate the myriad interrelations within training programs. The most important result of this study is the demonstration that the largest residency programs have the most subspecialty programs, and their residents are more likely to pursue subspecialty fellowships after completing their third residency year. However, preliminary findings show no associations between the typology (typologic categories of residencies and their trainees) used and desired practice locations in states having few physicians relative to the population or in states with fewer urban inhabitants. The typology also does not predict the future practice aspirations of residents who are more likely to care for the poor or minority populations. A separate set of factors, possibly unrelated to training environments, will help to predict such career outcomes. Further specification of these factors will be the subject of a later paper in this series.
Thanks for the Memories
Authors: Thomas M. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Christmas Eve, 1970. Where were you on Christmas Eve, 1970? Can you remember? I remember where I was on Christmas Eve, 1970. I was aboard the naval hospital ship<i>USS Sanctuary AH-17</i>. That large white ship, with three huge, red Geneva crosses on each side, was at anchor in Da Nang Harbor, Vietnam, across from the airfield and out past the deep-water piers. She looked her name: a refuge, peaceful and calm. But behind her towering smokestack was a helo pad, and 30 medical evacuation copters a day would bring the ill and injured—military and civilian—to her proud decks. On this special day, the afternoon of Christmas Eve, 1970, we put the war on hold and prepared for the arrival of Bob Hope. The ship was scrubbed and polished and tarps were placed in front of the smokestack to ward off sun or rain. Chairs were moved from the galleys
A Physician Reflects: Herman Boerhaave and other essays
Authors: Boleslav L Lichterman, Christopher C Booth
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In this, his second volume of essays, Christopher Booth covers a range of topics across three centuries—from the life and work of Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738), who wrote the first modern medical textbooks and implemented clinical teaching in Leiden, to the changing concepts of health and disease during the 20th century. Like his 18th century predecessors Booth believes “that it was science that could best improve the healing art” and reminds us that the word “physick” was defined by Samuel Johnson in the first edition of his dictionary as “the science of healing.” Booth the historian is particularly interested in the Age of Reason, and five of the 15 essays are dedicated to 18th century British medicine and society.
Detecting Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Emergency Department With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Raymond Y. Kwong, Adam E. Schussheim, Suresh Rekhraj, Anthony H. Aletras, Nancy Geller, Janice Davis, Timothy F. Christian, Robert S. Balaban, Andrew E. Arai
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Managing chest pain in the emergency department remains a challenge with current diagnostic strategies. We hypothesized that cardiac MRI could accurately identify patients with possible or probable acute coronary syndrome. Methods and Results— The diagnostic performance of MRI was evaluated in a prospective study of 161 consecutive patients. Enrollment required 30 minutes of chest pain compatible with myocardial ischemia but an ECG not diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction. MRI was performed at rest within 12 hours of presentation and included perfusion, left ventricular function, and gadolinium-enhanced myocardial infarction detection. MRI was interpreted qualitatively but also analyzed quantitatively. The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for detecting acute coronary syndrome were 84% and 85% by MRI, 80% and 61% by an abnormal ECG, 16% and 95% for strict ECG criteria for ischemia (ST depression or T-wave inversion), 40% and 97% for peak troponin-I, and 48% and 85% for a TIMI risk score ≥3. The MRI was more sensitive than strict ECG criteria for ischemia ( P &lt;0.001), peak troponin-I ( P &lt;0.001), and the TIMI risk score ( P =0.004), and MRI was more specific than an abnormal ECG ( P &lt;0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed MRI was the strongest predictor of acute coronary syndrome and added diagnostic value over clinical parameters ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Resting cardiac MRI exhibited diagnostic operating characteristics suitable for triage of patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Performed urgently to evaluate chest pain, MRI accurately detected a high fraction of patients with acute coronary syndrome, including patients with enzyme-negative unstable angina.
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of 160 patients
Authors: E. Ando, M. Tanaka, F. Yamashita, R. Kuromatsu, A. Takada, S. Sumie, K. Fukumori, Y. Yano, R. Kumashiro, M. Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Speaking the Languages of Medicine and Culture
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

PATRICIA Frye Walker, MD, often has to consider more than just tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates with hemoptysis. Many of her patients recently have emigrated to the United States from such Southeast Asian countries as Laos and Cambodia, where infectious bacteria and parasites permeate the rice fields. They are susceptible to illness not only from<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, but also from agents including lung flukes and<i>Pseudomonas pseudomallei</i>. Walker has an inherent interest and sensitivity in caring for foreign-born patients—she was born in Taipei, Taiwan, and lived in Thailand until age 11. Many in the US medical community don't have the benefit of similar experiences but Walker, director of operations for the International Clinic at Ramsay Clinic in St Paul, Minn, says clinicians' interests in cross-cultural health issues are taking root. "Physicians really are beginning to notice that multicultural health is not just a buzzword of the '90s,"
901 DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 protein expression is significantly increased in human hepatocellular carcinomas with malignant potential and may be a biological predictor of prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Y SAITO, Y KANAI, T NAKAGAWA, M SAKAMOTO, H SAITO, H ISHII, S HIROHASHI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Epigenetic inactivation of genes plays a critical role in many important human diseases, especially in cancer. A core mechanism for epigenetic inactivation of the genes is methylation of CpG islands in genome DNA, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The inhibition of DNMTs may lead to demethylation and expression of the silenced tumor suppressor genes. Although DNMT inhibitors are currently being developed as potential anticancer agents, only limited success is achieved due to substantial toxicity. Here, we utilized a multiplex selection system to generate efficient RNA-cleaving DNAzymes targeting DNMT1. The lead molecule from the selection was shown to possess efficient kinetic profiles and high efficiency in inhibiting the enzyme activity. Transfection of the DNAzyme caused significant down-regulation of DNMT1 expression and reactivation of p16 gene, resulting in reduced cell proliferation of bladder cancers. This study provides an alternative for targeting DNMTs for potential cancer therapy.
Correlation of Intramyocardial Electrocardiograms with Polarographic Oxygen and Contractility in the Nonischemic and Regionally Ischemic Left Ventricle
Authors: JOHN J. SAYEN, GEORGE PEIRCE, AARON H. KATCHER, WARNER F. SHELDON
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

A new technique for simultaneous amplification and recording of intramyocardial oxygen-reduction currents and electroeardio-graphic voltages from the tips of platinum oxygen electrodes was combined with cinematographic muscle contraction records from exposed dog hearts. The picture of localized ischemia produced by occlusion of medium-sized coronary arterial branches was compared, under stable systemic circulatory conditions, with the changes of myocardial oxygenation, electrical activity, and contractility, separately or together. Myoeardial electro-cardiographic abnormality appeared as early as disturbances of local oxygen and contraction at the centers of ischemic areas; at the borders, only the myocardial electrocardiogram was unequivocally abnormal. The epicardial electrocardiogram could be normal despite severe, acute disturbance of electrical activity in the underlying myocardium, and was not useful for the study of small isehemic areas, the onset of ischemia, or the borders of any isehemic area. No single index of myocardial function was dependable for following the course and estimating the extent of regional ischemic dysfunction, or for distinguishing it from traumatic or nonisehemic myocardial disturbances. The most complete description of the sequence of ischemic events was derived from the analysis of changes in local myocardial electrical activity. For this, however, it was necessary to interpret and compare direct heart-body electrocardiograms from myocardial and epicardial sites inside and outside an ischemic area, with attention to simultaneous records of myocardial oxygen and local contraction. Such a combination of indices is considered essential for adequate description and differentiation of any localized myocardial change in a working, blood-perfused heart.
24-hour oscillations of serum leptin and transforming growth factor beta-1 in men with chronic active hepatitis B and C
Authors: B. Marek, D. Kajdaniuk, E. Janczewska-Kazek, U. Mazurek, D. Niedziolka, B. Kos-Kudla, L. Sieminska, M. Nowak, J. Glogowska-Szelag
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Long-lasting decrease of CD4+/CD45RA+T cells in HCL patients after 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) treatment
Authors: D Raspadori, D Rondelli, S Birtolo, M Lenoci, G Nardi, G Scalia, C Sestigiani, M Tozzi, G Marotta, F Lauria
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
Abstract 5439: Metabolomic study of EGFR drug resistance mechanisms
Authors: Yang Zhao, Bo Tan, Ming-Shang Kuo, Ling Liu, Matthew D. Breyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Therapies targeting EGFR often fail after certain period of treatment due to development of resistance. There are many causes of resistance such as genetic mutations of KRAS, BRAF, etc.. Overexpression of other receptor tyrosine kinases can also lead to resistance of EGFR therapies. A therapeutic targeting metabolic phenotypes that can overcome multiple resistance mechanisms is highly desired. In order to identify the Achilles heel of resistant cell metabolism, we investigated the metabolic effects of the current EGFR targeting agents as well as the metabolic differences between sensitive and resistant cancer cells. Citation Format: Yang Zhao, Bo Tan, Ming-Shang Kuo, Ling Liu, Matthew D. Breyer. Metabolomic study of EGFR drug resistance mechanisms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5439. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5439
Rupture of tendon after cryotherapy for hand wart.
Authors: V. M. Yates, M. M. Scott, E. D. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1988)

IgG and IgA antibody to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (measured as optical density at 410 nm) in patients with Crohn's disease (n=SS) or ulcerative colitis (n=40) and in controls (n=30) IgG antibody IgA antibody >1-5-1 4-1-3-.CD.
Somatic mutations of the Parkinson's disease–associated gene PARK2 in glioblastoma and other human malignancies
Authors: Selvaraju Veeriah, Barry S Taylor, Shasha Meng, Fang Fang, Emrullah Yilmaz, Igor Vivanco, Manickam Janakiraman, Nikolaus Schultz, Aphrothiti J Hanrahan, William Pao, Marc Ladanyi, Chris Sander, Adriana Heguy, Eric C Holland, Philip B Paty, Paul S Mischel, Linda Liau, Timothy F Cloughesy, Ingo K Mellinghoff, David B Solit, Timothy A Chan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
The Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Fred S. Rosen, Max D. Cooper, Ralph J. P. Wedgwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Selective Deficiency of Other Immunoglobulin IsotypesAs techniques have become available, isolated deficiencies of each immunoglobulin isotype or subclass have been described. Perhaps the best known is IgM deficiency, which has been associated with meningococcemia and other severe or recurrent infections.74,75 The decrease in serum IgM levels may not be primary in all instances. Patients with gluten enteropathy, for example, may have a marked isolated IgM deficiency that resolves on treatment with a gluten-free diet.76 From the viewpoint of immunobiology, the selective absence of IgM is difficult to explain, since IgM synthesis and secretion precede production of IgG and IgA. . . .
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Television — Exaggerations and Accusations
Authors: Neal A. Baer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

One of the most popular shows on television this year is ER, a Chicago-based drama that depicts the professional and personal lives of medical students, residents, and attending physicians working in the emergency department of an inner-city public hospital. ER, of which I am coproducer, and other current medical programs on television, including Chicago Hope and Rescue 911, are dramatized, not documentary, accounts of doctors' and patients' lives. In its depiction of a busy trauma center, ER presents exciting cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including thoracotomies and defibrillations, often performed in young victims of violence. Chicago Hope details the perpetually . . .
1063-56 A randomized comparison of cilostazol versus clopidogrel after coronary stenting: The preliminary results
Authors: Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Ki Hoon Han, Jung-Sook Auh, Cheol Whan Lee, Myeong-Ki Hong, Jae-Joong Kim, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Alteration of contractile function and excitation-contraction coupling in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: G Hasenfuss, L A Mulieri, B J Leavitt, P D Allen, J R Haeberle, N R Alpert
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Myocardial failure in dilated cardiomyopathy may result from subcellular alterations in contractile protein function, excitation-contraction coupling processes, or recovery metabolism. We used isometric force and heat measurements to quantitatively investigate these subcellular systems in intact left ventricular muscle strips from nonfailing human hearts (n = 14) and from hearts with end-stage failing dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 13). In the failing myocardium, peak isometric twitch tension, maximum rate of tension rise, and maximum rate of relaxation were reduced by 46% (p = 0.013), 51% (p = 0.003), and 46% (p = 0.018), respectively (37 degrees C, 60 beats per minute). Tension-dependent heat, reflecting the number of crossbridge interactions during the isometric twitch, was reduced by 61% in the failing myocardium (p = 0.006). In terms of the individual crossbridge cycle, the average crossbridge force-time integral was increased by 33% (p = 0.04) in the failing myocardium. In the nonfailing myocardium, the crossbridge force-time integral was positively correlated with the patient's age (r = 0.86, p less than 0.02), whereas there was no significant correlation with age in the failing group. The amount and rate of excitation-contraction coupling-related heat evolution (tension-independent heat) were reduced by 69% (p = 0.24) and 71% (p = 0.028), respectively, in the failing myocardium, reflecting a considerable decrease in the amount of calcium released and in the rate of calcium removal. The efficiency of the metabolic recovery process, as assessed by the ratio of initial heat to total activity-related heat, was similar in failing and nonfailing myocardium (0.54 +/- 0.03 versus 0.50 +/- 0.02, p = 0.23).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reinforcement, emotion, and consciousness
Authors: Carroll Izard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls presents a good integrative summary of the neural bases of emotions, adds new findings and insights, and takes a stance on controversial issues such as separate or distinct brain systems for processing emotion information and for planning and action. This commentary raises questions about his explanations of emotion activation, response to novelty, the evolution of emotions, and the phenomenal experience of emotions in human consciousness.
Current Concepts of Interferon and Interferon Induction
Authors: E D Clercq, T C Merigan
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1970)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Abstract 4288: in vivo Imaging of early inflammation response in bacterial infection
Authors: Rao V. Papineni, Sean Orton, William McLaughlin, Damian Bianchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and a prime cause in hospital infections. Staphylococcus aureus bactereremia is prevalent in neutropenic cancer patients, and malignancies form a sizeable risk factor for methycillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Targeting the virulence products is a promising approach for developing novel therapeutics. A detailed understanding of the virulence factors and the resultant immune response is quite essential for such development. Here, we established an athymic mice model to assess the initial immune response to S.aureus inoculation. As the polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMN)and macrophages are a part of the early response, determination of its myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in vivo is established. MPO is an inflammatory heme protein and utilizes hydrogen peroxide in the process of reactive oxygen species generation. 24 hrs after the intra muscular injection of the S.aureus bacterial lysate, the MPO activity was detected by i.p injection of luminal in mice. The blue luminescence resulting from the MPO activity was imaged and the luminescence images were overlaid on planar X-ray images for anatomical co-registration. The results show a robust MPO activity in the mouse bladder. This increase in MPO activity as a result of neutrophil activation at the bladder region was further confirmed using non-invasive X-ray contrast imaging of the bladder and co-registering the luminescence and the X-ray density signals at the bladder. The initial response shown here has similarities with the mechanism suggested recently for myobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment of bladder cancer. Bacterial components, its structures that are involved in eliciting the robust PMN infiltration in bladder will be very valuable in the developing better bladder cancer anti-tumor treatments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4288. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4288
Adopting Orphan Drugs — Two Dozen Years of Treating Rare Diseases
Authors: Marlene E. Haffner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In 1982, when the Orphan Drug Act was passed as an amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act,1 few suspected the extent to which this law would alleviate the plight of patients with rare diseases. The law defines an orphan drug as one with efficacy against a disease affecting fewer than 200,000 people in the United States or one that scientists and economists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determine will not be profitable for seven years after FDA approval.2 In the 24 years since this law was passed, 282 such drugs and biologic products, providing treatment . . .
Characterization of cationic amino acid transporter and its gene expression in rat hepatic stellate cells in relation to nitric oxide production
Authors: Kouji Ookawauchi, Toshiji Saibara, Takashi Yoshikawa, Li Chun-Lin, Yoshihiro Yahashi, Makoto Hiroi, Hideaki Enzan, Junichi Fukata, Saburo Onishi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)