tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium heterogeneity with respect to mannose receptor activity is interleukin-1 dependent
Authors: A Asumendi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated ovalbumin (OVA-FITC), 125I-mannan, or 125I-invertase as specific ligands for the mannose receptor, we have quantified its activity in mouse and rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSE), under both basal conditions and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or human recombinant interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulations. Mouse treatment for 4 hours with 5 μg/kg IL-1β significantly increased OVA-FITC uptake by HSE. Ligand uptake exhibited a sublobular compartmentalization: In control mice as well as in IL-1β-stimulated mice, the ligand distributed preferentially in the periportal and septal areas; no OVA-FITC was observed in the perivenous sinusoids. In vitro exposure of mouse HSE to 100 pg/mL LPS or 1 ng/mL IL-1β for 6 hours significantly (P < .01) increased OVA-FITC uptake. Blocking IL-1 receptors in HSE by addition of 100 ng/mL IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) before stimulation with LPS or IL-1β abrogated the increase in mannose receptor-mediated uptake. In vitro endocytosis assays showed that rat HSE uptake of 125I-mannan or 125I-invertase progressively increased with both exposure time and concentration of added IL-1β. Upregulation of mannose receptor-mediated uptake in response to IL-1β or LPS was also blocked by previous addition of IL-1Ra to rat HSE. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant HSE heterogeneity in mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis in response to IL-1β treatment: type I endothelial cells (EC-I, defined by their small size and high cytoplasmic density) significantly (P < .01) increased OVA-FITC uptake compared with type II endothelial cells (EC-II, defined by their large size and low cytoplasmic density). In addition, the subset of EC-I contained three times more IL-1β-binding cells than the EC-II subset. Because EC-I and EC-II are preferentially located in the periportal and perivenous segments of hepatic sinusoids, respectively, these results suggest that IL-1β, apart from upregulating mannose receptor activity, contributes to the sublobular compartmentalization of this endothelial cell function.
"SENSITIZED BACTERIAL VACCINES"
Authors: F. M. Huntoon
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In answer to a query regarding sensitized bacterial vaccines (The Journal, April 24), a statement was made that "sensitized bacterial vaccines are objectionable because they may sensitize the injected person to the proteins in the animal serum with which the bacteria have been treated." Apparently it is assumed that sufficient animal protein must be present in a human dose of the vaccine to cause sensitiveness. Such vaccines (serobacterins) are sensitized with cattle serum, not horse serum. Also, sensitized bacterial vaccines are not a mixture of serum and vaccine, but the organisms after treatment with the serum are washed with salt solution, recentrifugalized, and finally diluted again in salt solution. The only free serum that could be present is that which clung mechanically to the organisms during the sensitization. The subsequent washing would act as a progressive dilution of this serum, and a calculation of this dilution shows
Bloodstream infections in organ transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab: No evidence of occurrence of organisms typically associated with profound T cell depletion
Authors: Fernanda P. Silveira, Amadeo Marcos, Eun J. Kwak, Shahid Husain, Ron Shapiro, Ngoc Thai, Kenneth R. McCurry, Kareem Abu-Elmagd, David L. Paterson
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Membrane structure in ultrarapidly frozen, unpretreated, freeze-fractured myocardium.
Authors: J S Frank, S Beydler, G Mottino
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Ultrarapid freezing has been applied to monitor the structure of the freeze-fractured myocardial sarcolemma. Our two goals were to demonstrate that large areas of membrane can be preserved free of visible ice crystal damage and, thus, be amenable to quantitative analysis and to compare the structure of directly frozen myocardial membranes with conventionally prepared tissue. The E face was most affected by lack of chemical pretreatment. First, our laboratory reported an increase in E face particle density from 379 +/- 30/micron 2 in conventional fixed tissue to 489 +/- 18/micron 2 in unpretreated tissue. Discrete arrays of 12-15 nm particles on the E face were a striking feature of the unfixed sarcolemma. However, P face intramembrane particle (IMP) density remained unchanged from previous estimates in fixed tissue. Specialized regions of the sarcolemma were enhanced in ultrarapidly frozen tissue. Particle domains of the adherens junctions were very prominent in forming a cap alongside the gap junctions. Both the P and E faces of the gap junctions were highly ordered into hexagonal arrays. Caveolae in the membrane were infrequent in both P and E faces.
Importance of the right inferior pulmonary vein in initiation and recurrence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nassir F. Marrouche, Walid Saliba, Alejandro Perez-Lugones, Eduardo Saad, Mandeep Bhargava, Oussama Wazni, Mustaphasahim Shaaraoui, Ahmad Abdul-Karim, Robert Schweikert, David Martin, Dianna Bash, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The McKesson Vitalor
Authors: C. B. McKerrow
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE FORCED expiratory volume (F.E.V.), or volume of air expired during a forced expiration from full inspiration in usually 0.75 or 1 second, is widely accepted as a useful measure of ventilatory capacity. Two types of apparatus are in common use for its measurement. The recording spirometer with the fast-moving kymograph has the advantage of providing a permanent record which can later be analysed in various ways.<sup>1, 2</sup>The simple spirometer with electronic timer described originally by Gaensler<sup>3</sup>and modified by McKerrow et al.<sup>4</sup>shows the volume of air expired in a preset time period by a pointer indicating on a scale on the spirometer wheel. The advantages of this type of machine are its greater portability, ease of use, and the provision of the reading immediately without the necessity of analysing a record—features which make it especially valuable for routine clinical use and in field
Book Review Action on AIDS: National policies in comparative perspective Edited by Barbara A. Misztal and David Moss. 266 pp. New York, Greenwood Press, 1990. $45. AIDS: The second decade Edited by Heather G. Miller, Charles F. Turner, and Lincoln E. Moses. 495 pp. Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 1990. $30 (cloth); $24.95 (paper).
Authors: Joel Buxbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Recovery from Paraquat poisoning.
Authors: W. I. McKean
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> SHOC2 acts as a strong synthetic lethal interactor with MEK inhibitors in multiple KRAS cancer cell lines. SHOC2 forms a heterotrimeric complex with MRAS and PP1C that is essential for regulating RAF and MAPK-pathway activation by dephosphorylating a specific phosphoserine on RAF kinases. Here we present the high-resolution crystal structure of SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C (SMP) complex and apo-SHOC2. Our structures reveal that SHOC2, MRAS and PP1C form a stable ternary complex where all three proteins synergistically interact with each other. Our results show that dephosphorylation of RAF substrates by PP1C is enhanced upon interacting with SHOC2 and MRAS. The SMP complex only forms when MRAS is in an active state and is dependent on SHOC2 functioning as a scaffolding protein in the complex by bringing PP1C and MRAS together. Our results provide structural insights into the role of the SMP complex in RAF activation, how mutations found in Noonan syndrome enhance the complex formation and reveal new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Inhibition of proliferation and survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by a small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13-Uev1A
Authors: Mary Pulvino, Yue Liang, David Oleksyn, Michael DeRan, Elise Van Pelt, Joel Shapiro, Ignacio Sanz, Luojing Chen, Jiyong Zhao
Journal: Blood (2012)
Lack of Sustained Efficacy of Interferon in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Sandro Vento, Ercole Concia, Teresa Ferraro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to cause progressive and chronic liver damage.1 Interferon therapy apparently eradicates HCV in 20 to 30 percent of patients, but the follo...
Beta-adrenergic blockade in angina pectoris: a method of treadmill assessment.
Authors: D. A. Birkett, D. A. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine the effects of a consultant-led, community-based chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) service, based in a highly deprived area on emergency hospital admissions. <h3>Design</h3> A longitudinal matched controlled study using difference-in-differences analysis to compare the change in outcomes in the intervention population to a matched comparison population, 5 years before and after implementation. <h3>Setting</h3> A deprived district in the North West of England between 2005 and 2016. <h3>Intervention</h3> A community-based, consultant-led COPD service providing diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation from 2011 to 2016. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Emergency hospital admissions, length of stay per emergency admission and emergency readmissions for COPD. <h3>Results</h3> The intervention was associated with 24 fewer emergency COPD admissions per 100 000 population per year (95% CI −10.6 to 58.8, p=0.17) in the postintervention period, relative to the control group. There were significantly fewer emergency admissions in populations with medium levels of deprivation (64 per 100 000 per year; 95% CI 1.8 to 126.9) and among men (60 per 100 000 per year; 95% CI 12.3 to 107.3). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We found limited evidence that the service reduced emergency hospital admissions, after an initial decline the effect was not sustained. The service, however, may have been more effective in some subgroups.
Production and Actions of Estrogens
Authors: Christian J. Gruber, Walter Tschugguel, Christian Schneeberger, Johannes C. Huber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Estrogens and estrogen-like substances are widely distributed in animals and plants, and it is now clear that estrogens have both nuclear and nonnuclear actions. This review article summarizes the production, metabolism, and actions of estrogens, with particular attention to the nuclear actions of estrogens and the mechanisms that underlie the different estrogen-agonist and estrogen-antagonist actions of selective estrogen-receptor–modulating drugs.
Cancer-Killing Compound
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical and local biological effects of an intratumoral injection of mda-7 (IL24; INGN 241) in patients with advanced carcinoma: a phase I study
Authors: C. Casey Cunningham, Sunil Chada, James A. Merritt, Alex Tong, Neil Senzer, Yuan Zhang, Abner Mhashilkar, Karen Parker, Sasha Vukelja, Don Richards, Jill Hood, Keith Coffee, John Nemunaitis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7; approved gene symbol IL24) is a tumor suppressor gene whose expression induces selective apoptosis in tumor cells. To characterize the safety and biologic activity of mda-7 gene transfer, we conducted a phase I trial using intratumoral injections of an adenovirus containing the mda-7 construct (Ad-mda7; INGN 241; 2 x 10(10) to 2 x 10(12) vp) in 28 patients with resectable solid tumors. One hundred percent of injected lesions demonstrated INGN 241 vector transduction, transgenic mRNA, elevated MDA-7 protein, and apoptosis induction, with the highest levels near the injection site. Apoptosis of cells in injected tumors was consistently observed even in heavily pretreated patients. INGN 241 vector DNA and mRNA were detected more than 1 cm from the injection site, whereas MDA-7 protein and bioactivity were more widely distributed. Toxicity attributable to the injections was self-limiting and generally mild; however, one patient experienced a grade 3 SAE possibly related to the study drug. Evidence of clinical activity was found in 44% of lesions with the repeat injection schedule, including complete and partial responses in two melanoma patients. Thus intratumoral administration of INGN 241 is well tolerated, induces apoptosis in a large percentage of tumor cells, and demonstrates evidence of clinically significant activity.
Abstract IA09: Nucleotide biosynthetic enzyme GMP Synthase is a relay of p53 stabilization in response to genomic stress
Authors: Peter Verrijzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Nucleotide biosynthesis is fundamental to normal cell proliferation and to oncogenesis. An adequate nucleotide supply is crucial to support accurate DNA replication, DNA repair and transcription. The metabolism of cancer cells is characterized by elevated rates of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis that fuel rapid cycles of cell growth and division. Here we will discuss the role of the nucleotide biosynthetic enzyme guanosine 5′-monophosphate synthase (GMPS) in regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. In addition to its essential biosynthetic function, GMPS associates with the ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Biochemical and genetic evidence established that GMPS is required for histone H2B deubiquitylation by USP7 in Drosophila and human cells. GMPS-USP7 is targeted to specific genomic loci to direct gene expression. For example, GMPS-USP7 enhances Polycomb-directed silencing of homeotic genes. We found that GMPS is also a crucial relay of p53 tumor suppressor stabilization, in response to genomic stress. Nuclear GMPS drives the transfer of MDM2-bound p53 to a GMPS-USP7-p53 deubiquitylation complex. GMPS is crucial for the deubiquitylation and stabilization of p53 by USP7. Normally, GMPS is sequestered in the cytoplasm, separate from the nuclear USP7 and p53. Genomic stress triggers the accumulation of GMPS in the nucleus, where it can stimulate p53 stabilization by USP7. Our results suggest that GMPS, a classic biosynthetic enzyme that enables cell growth and DNA replication, is also a crucial relay of cell proliferation restriction by p53. We suspect that the connection between nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes and transcription control might be important for the cellular defense against genomic instability or replicative stress involving deficiencies in the nucleotide pool. These findings show that cellular processes that are commonly assumed to involve separate molecular machineries can be surprisingly intimately connected. Citation Format: Peter Verrijzer. Nucleotide biosynthetic enzyme GMP Synthase is a relay of p53 stabilization in response to genomic stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
THE SELECTION OF HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES UNDER CIVIL SERVICE RULES
Authors: LEONHARD FELIX FULD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> The underlying principle of the civil service regulations is that the best shall serve the state. The merit system, as it is called, strives to prevent the hospital superintendent from selecting his personal friends for positions in the hospital service and seeks to prevent him also from appointing those who are merely recommended to him by acquaintances. Under the merit system every citizen has a right to file an application whenever a vacancy occurs in a hospital, and the applicant who fulfils in the most satisfactory manner the requirements of the civil service rules is appointed. In this way the state obtains the service not merely of those who may be or may not be efficient, but also of the best available men and women. <h3>THE COMPETITIVE CLASS</h3> For purposes of administration employees are divided into several classes under the civil service. The most important class is the competitive
The Recent Trends of Infectious Diseases in Childhood
Authors: W. J. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1954)

HYPOPARATHYROIDISMMEDICALJSHRNAL 99 cataracts or with ectodermal defects.Other manifestations include defects in the teeth, psychoneurotic or psychotic disturbances, papilloedema, and physical and mental retardation.The serum calcium level is reduced and the serum phosphate level is raised.X-ray films often show calcification in the brain, especially in the basal ganglia, and normal or increased density of the bones.The electrocardiogram shows a prolonged Q-T inter- val and the electroencephalogram shows abnormal slow waves or epileptic changes.Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism is due to abnormal re- sistance to parathyroid hormone and presents exactly similar features, together with a dyschondroplasia, re- sulting in a short stature and shortening of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones, and a tendency to meta- plastic bone formation in the soft tissues.Treatment is by means of dihydrotachysterol or calciferol.Theoretically, the former is preferable, in so far as it more closely resembles parathyroid hormone in its action; but in practice there is little to choose be- tween them.Dihydrotachysterol has the disadvantage that it is considerably more expensive, while calciferol is probably more apt to give rise to hypercalcaemia.Though idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudo- hypoparathyroidism are generally regarded as rare dis- orders, it is likely that more cases would come to light if the diagnosis were borne in mind in cases with obscure paraesthesiae and pains and cramps in the limbs, and in cases of epilepsy, of cataract in young persons, and of defects in the ectodermal tissues.
Chelerythrine chloride from Macleaya cordata induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells
Authors: Zhengfu Zhang, Ying Guo, Lingwei Zhang, Jianbin Zhang, Xionghui Wei
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

This study aimed to investigate the ability of chelerythrine chloride (CHE), the main active ingredient of Macleaya cordata, to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. The results demonstrate that CHE inhibits cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner with accompanying S phase arrest. It also induces apoptosis by a mechanism involving a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. In addition, CHE-induced apoptosis is accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 proteins with no change in the levels of Bax proteins. Taken together, the results support the development of CHE as a potentially useful anticancer drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Lessons from Secretin
Authors: Fred R. Volkmar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In this issue of the Journal, Sandler and colleagues report the negative results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a single intravenous dose of synthetic human secretin in children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder.1 Autistic disorder is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in the first years of life that is characterized by delayed and deviant social and communication skills, associated with various forms of unusual behavior (e.g., repetitive behavior and unusual responses to the environment).2 The term pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified refers to a condition with symptoms suggestive of autism but that does not meet the . . .
Participation in screening for cardiovascular risk by people with schizophrenia or similar mental illnesses: cross sectional study in general practice
Authors: D P J Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

1994 and 1996-7; they concluded that the method does not over-report the number of suicides.We estimated population using census data (from 1994), which are updated regularly.The mean suicide rate for the 6 year period was 95.2/100 000 (range 83.7-106.3/100000) and did not change significantly over time (96.7,106.3, 83.7, 103.6, 89.8, and 90.9 in each 100 000 population for each year 1994-9).Suicides accounted for between 8% (89/ 1057) and 12% (112/940) of total deaths.Suicides in women were 0.84 times as likely as suicides among men; this ratio did not change significantly over time.Older men were more likely to commit suicide than younger men (table).Most women who committed suicide were aged 15-24 or older than 65.We found more suicides among women (102/278) than among men (58/331) in the 15-24 years age group ( 2 for linear trend=15.5;P < 0.001).Poisoning (275/609; 45%) and hanging (248/609; 41%) were the commonest methods overall.A greater proportion of women chose drowning or burning ( 2 =52.2; df=1; P < 0.0001) than men, who more often chose poisoning or hanging.People younger than 44 years tended to use poison; older people tended to choose hanging ( 2 =44.1; df=18; P < 0.001).From 1994 until 1999, the proportion of suicide by poisoning, hanging, and drowning did not change significantly.The number of suicides by burning increased from 4 in 1994 to 11 in 1999 ( 2 for linear trend=7.25;P=0.007).No suti-a widow committing suicide by burning in her husband's funeral pyre-was recorded.
Ureteral Ectopia, Hydrocolpos, and Uterus Didelphys
Authors: Harold M. Constantian
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE INCIDENCE of some anomalies of the genitourinary tract is relatively rare. The coexistence of several in a 6-year-old child warrants this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 6-year-old white girl was admitted to the Worcester Hahnemann Hospital on March 5, 1962, with dribbling after voiding and a bulging membrane at the introitus. Three months prior to admission, a greenish, mucous vaginal discharge was found on the girl's clothing for one day. Following this, the child dribbled between voidings and her clothing was constantly damp. With coughing, the dribbling became worse. Although voiding at normal intervals, she had urgency and dysuria at times. Difficulty in initiating micturition was noted. Nocturia occurred accasionally. The history was noncontributory. Results of physical examination were normal except that a bluish-gray membrane, 2 cm in diameter, bulged from the vaginal orifice. With coughing, the membrane ballooned out and a trickle of clear fluid was seen.