tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European auditors question the value of EU funded public health programmes
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Prior research indicates that chronic refractory cough (CRC) is associated with a high prevalence of extra-thoracic airway hyper-responsiveness (EAHR).<sup>1</sup> This heightened laryngoconstrictor reflex can be characterised using standard bronchoprovocation tests (e.g. histamine or hypertonic saline); whereby attenuation in the inspiratory component of the flow-volume curve is evaluated in response to escalating doses of the stimulus. <h3>Aims and objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of EAHR in a cohort of CRC patients in the UK undergoing cough assessment, and to relate EAHR to other disease characteristics. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was retrospectively evaluated for all CRC patients completing cough assessment with histamine bronchoprovocation challenge, between 2013 and 2015. EAHR was defined by a 25% dose-responsive fall in the mid-inspiratory flow (PC25FIF50) in response to ≤ 8 mg/ml histamine.<sup>2</sup> EAHR data was compared with other simultaneous investigation results, including overnight pH/impedance results and co-existing nasal disease. <h3>Results</h3> We studied 57 adult CRC patients (n = 42, female; 74%), mean ±SD age 54.6 ± 12.4 years, BMI 28.2 ± 5.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, reporting a duration of cough 5.5 years (0.8–50) with a median cough VAS score of 57 (16–90). The majority of patients (56%) reported cough without other respiratory symptoms, whereas 12 (21%) reported cough with dyspnoea and wheeze. Evidence of EAHR was found in three patients (5.3%). At a reduced cut-off (PC20FIF50 ≤ 16 mg/ml) the prevalence of EAHR was greater (12%) (Figure 1). Patients with a positive EAHR test at this cut-off were younger (p &lt; 0.01, mean age 44 yrs versus 56 yrs) and more likely to report respiratory dyspnoea and wheeze (p &lt; 0.05). In patients completing an overnight reflux study (n = 52), 32 (62%) had evidence of reflux. 21 (37%) patients had co-existing nasal disease. However, presence of reflux or nasal disease was not predictive of EAHR (both p &gt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> EAHR was not prevalent in CRC patients, completing assessment at a specialist cough service, when using a standard histamine bronchoprovocation test. Differences from prior published data may be explained by methodological differences, specifically the application of stringent control of the measures of reproducibility of inspiratory flow parameters and dose response criteria. <h3>References</h3> 1 Bucca C, Rolla G, Scappaticci E, <i>et al</i>. Histamine hyperresponsiveness of the extrathoracic airway in patients with asthmatic symptoms. <i>Allergy</i> 1991;<b>46</b>:147–53 2 Bucca C, Bugiani M, Culla B, <i>et al</i>. Chronic cough and irritable larynx. <i>J Allergy Clin Immunol</i>. 2011;<b>127</b>:412–9
Aminophylline and respiratory muscle interaction in normal humans.
Authors: M Gorini, R Duranti, G Misuri, T Valenza, A Spinelli, P Goti, F Gigliotti, G Scano
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effects of intravenous infusion of aminophylline on respiratory muscle interaction were examined in seven normal subjects breathing at rest. Rib cage (RC-Ap) and abdominal (AB-Ap) volume displacements, pleural (Ppl), gastric (Pg), and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressure swings, and electromyographic activity of the diaphragm (Edi) and the parasternal (Eps) muscles were measured under control and during infusion of either aminophylline or placebo in a double-blind randomized manner. Compared with placebo, aminophylline induced an increase in ventilation (p < 0.01) that was mainly accounted for by an increase in tidal volume (p = 0.01). Aminophylline induced a significant and similar increase in RC-Ap and AB-Ap as associated with increased Ppl and Pg swings (p = 0.002, and p < 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, no changes in end-expiratory RC and AB volume and in Ppl and Pg at end-expiration were observed, indicating that expiratory muscles did not contribute to the increase in tidal volume. Edi and Eps increased significantly with aminophylline, whereas Pdi/Edi ratio remained unchanged. We conclude that in normal humans breathing at rest: (1) aminophylline increases ventilation, promoting larger tidal volume; (2) this effect is due to increased neural drive to inspiratory muscles; (3) aminophylline does not promote any appreciable expiratory muscle recruitment and distortion in the pattern of chest wall motion.
STUDIES WITH 47Ca IN PATIENTS WITH CALCINOSIS CUTIS
Authors: JANET MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— Certain aspects of calcium metabolism have been studied in 7 patients with calcification in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. In spite of finding normal concentrations of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in the serum, the patients were shown by 47Ca studies and calcium balance to be hyperabsorbing and abnormally retaining calcium. Possible mechanisms are discussed. Cellulose phosphate was given to 2 of the patients and was effective in reducing calcium absorption from the intestine. This may prove a useful form of treatment, especially if combined with a low calcium diet.
(34) Benign familial acanthosis nigricans
Authors: T.A.J. Dawson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (34) Benign familial acanthosis nigricans Get access T.A.J. Dawson T.A.J. Dawson Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05304.x Published: 01 July 1984
Abstract P4-10-01: High dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation modulates breast tissue biomarkers in post-menopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer
Authors: CJ Fabian, BF Kimler, BK Petroff, CM Zalles, T Metheny, JL Nydegger, JA Box, TL Phillips, BHH Hidaka, SE Carlson, LA deGraffenried, SD Hursting
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: We conducted a pilot study of high dose omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in post-menopausal women to determine if risk biomarkers for breast cancer in benign breast tissue sampled by random peri-areolar aspiration (RPFNA) could be favorably modulated and to acquire preliminary data on possible mechanism of action. Methods: 35 post-menopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer were accrued to a trial of 6-month intervention with 4 g daily of omega-3-acid ethyl esters [1.86 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. Subjects had RPFNA performed pre- and post-intervention and specimens evaluated for cytomorphology and proliferation (Ki-67). FA composition was determined in plasma, red blood cells, and RPFNA specimens. Additional specimens were frozen for assessment of hormones, a panel of 11 adipokines and cytokines by Luminex, and gene expression. Results: 34 subjects completed study with specimens evaluable for change in biomarkers. The ratio of (EPA+DHA):Arachidonic Acid (AA) levels in erythrocyte phospholipid increased significantly by a median of 2.7-fold. Although there was a significant decrease in blood EPA+DHA between discontinuation at 6 months and 2 weeks later when RPFNA was performed, all ratios were above the baseline value (median 1.6-fold). There was favorable but not statistically significant modulation for cytologic evidence of atypia (53% at baseline to 41% at off-study). However, favorable modulation was exhibited for Masood score (medians of 15 to 14; p = 0.014), number of epithelial cells recovered (p = 0.019) and Ki-67 expression (medians of 1.7% to 0.75%, p = 0.036, despite 8 subjects having no Ki-67 expression at baseline). Luminex assay of serum indicated a statistically significant increase (p = 0.003) for adiponectin and decrease (p = 0.016) for TNF-alpha between baseline and off-study. For RPFNA specimens, there was a significant decrease (P = 0.001) in MCP-1 levels adjusted for protein content. By ELISA, serum high molecular weight adiponection increased (p = 0.046) and molar ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP3 decreased (p = 0.006). Note that all analyses were exploratory and without correction for multiple analyses. Conclusion: Favorable modulation of a variety of blood and tissue risk biomarkers, including cytomorphology and proliferation, along with good tolerability suggests that high dose omega-3 FA esters should be tested further in a placebo-controlled trial. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-10-01.
Prediction of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Occurrence Using Commonly Available Clinical Information
Authors: Graham P. Leese, Andrew D. Morris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

In their article, Boyko et al. (1) describe a foot ulcer prediction tool that will be useful in practice, as it is based on simple clinical criteria. The tool is well validated but limited by the patients examined, who were predominantly male (98%), mainly with type 2 diabetes, and were recruited from a hospital diabetes clinic. We have already addressed these problems in a …
Effect of lodophor vs Iodine Tincture Skin Preparation on Blood Culture Contamination Rate
Authors: Calvin L. Strand
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if iodine tincture is a more effective skin antiseptic for blood culture collection than povidone-iodine, an iodophor. <h3>Design.</h3> —Pairwise comparisons across phases. In phases 1 and 3, blood culture skin preparation was performed with the iodophor; in phases 2 and 4, skin preparation was performed with iodine tincture. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Emergency department of a large urban teaching hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All adult patients seen in the emergency department who had blood cultures collected because a systemic bacterial infection was suspected. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The blood culture contamination rate for the iodophor and iodine tincture skin preparations. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 8467 blood cultures were collected during the study, and 421 (4.97%) were classified as contaminated. The contamination rate for the blood cultures collected using the iodophor was 6.25%, and the contamination rate for the cultures using iodine tincture was 3.74%; this difference is statistically significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.00001). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The effectiveness of the skin antiseptic may be an important factor in determining contamination rate in blood culturing. If these results are confirmed by others, then institutions that have a high blood culture contamination rate when using an iodophor for skin preparation should consider changing to iodine tincture. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1004-1006)
Effect of Lipid Modification on Progression of Coronary Calcification
Authors: Peter A. McCullough
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) reflects the anatomic presence of coronary atherosclerosis and the relative burden of coronary artery disease (CAD). Higher levels of CAC are seen in the presence of CAD risk factors, older age, and chronic kidney disease. The lipid profile (primarily low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated LDL cholesterol, and elevated total cholesterol) are important factors in the calcification process. The annual progression of CAC can be reduced from 25 to 30% to 0 to 6% with LDL cholesterol reduction caused by statins and possibly sevelamer. At treated LDL cholesterol levels somewhere below 100 mg/dl, several sources of data suggest the anatomic burden of CAD, including CAC, regresses. Additional supportive studies indicate that carotid intimal medial thickness and the volume of coronary atheroma also can be reduced by LDL cholesterol reduction in concert with elevation of HDL cholesterol. This article reviews the data in support of altering the natural history of CAC with lipid modification.
Researcher who linked chronic fatigue syndrome to mouse virus is arrested
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Judy Mikovits, the researcher who led the team that linked a mouse virus with chronic fatigue syndrome, has been arrested at her home in Ventura, California.

The arrest follows a lawsuit filed against her by her former employer, the Whittemore-Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease in Reno, Nevada, which alleges that after she had been fired by the institute in September she had removed laboratory notebooks and other information that the institute claims it owns ( BMJ 2011;343:d6541, 11 Oct, doi:10.1136/bmj.d6541).

Through her lawyer, Lois Hart, Dr Mikovits has denied the charges. “All of the allegations of theft, misappropriation, withholding of data and various intellectual property, and items, are incorrect and untruthful,” Ms Hart wrote in a letter to …
Generation of high affinity, fully human monoclonal antibodies specific to hepatitis B virus in a human/mouse radiation chimera: the trimera system
Authors: R. Eren, E. Ilan, I. Lubin, D. Terkieltaub, O. Ben-Moshe, J. Arazi, A. Zauberman, O. Nussbaum, S. Berr, E. Galun, D. Shouval, N. Daudi, Y. Reisner, L.O. Magnius, S. Dagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Global surgery as an equal partner in health: no longer the neglected stepchild
Authors: John G Meara, Sarah L M Greenberg
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery's vision is “universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed”.1 5 billion people, largely the poor, marginalised, and rural, face impossible hurdles and for all practical purposes are excluded from what is often life-saving or disability-averting treatment.2 For many it is simply lack of money; for others it is the tyranny of distance and poor travel infrastructure. The remainder who can afford it and can travel the distance arrive to find a feeble health-care system with too few surgeons or anaesthetists, no medications, no oxygen, or no blood.
The Future of Clinical Trials Evaluating Blood Substitutes
Authors: Dean A. Fergusson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Women sue over delays in treatment for breast cancer
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A class action lawsuit is being launched against 12 Quebec hospitals on behalf of 10 000 patients who waited more than eight weeks for radiotherapy after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Thesuit, the first of its kind, could entail damages as great as $C50m (£21m; $US37m; €31m) and have repercussions in provinces across Canada.

The suit was initiated by Anahit Cilinger, a Montreal woman of Turkish origin, who after waiting three months in vain for radiotherapy under Canada's …
Antioxidants for Alzheimer Disease—Reply
Authors: Douglas R. Galasko, Paul Aisen
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Messenger RNA levels of XPAC and ERCC1 in ovarian cancer tissue correlate with response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Authors: M Dabholkar, J Vionnet, F Bostick-Bruton, J J Yu, E Reed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair pathway that is highly conserved in nature, with analogous repair systems described in Escherichia coli, yeast, and mammalian cells. The rate-limiting step, DNA damage recognition and excision, is effected by the protein products of the genes ERCC1 and XPAC. We therefore assessed mRNA levels of ERCC1 and XPAC in malignant ovarian cancer tissues from 28 patients that were harvested before the administration of platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer tissues from patients whose tumors were clinically resistant to therapy (n = 13) showed greater levels of total ERCC1 mRNA (P = 0.059), full length transcript of ERCC1 mRNA (P = 0.026), and XPAC mRNA (P = 0.011), as compared with tumor tissues from those individuals clinically sensitive to therapy (n = 15). In 19 of these tissues, the percentage of alternative splicing of ERCC1 mRNA was assessed. ERCC1 splicing was highly variable, with no difference observed between responders and nonresponders. The alternatively spliced species constituted 2-58% of the total ERCC1 mRNA in responders (median = 18%) and 4-71% in nonresponders (median = 13%). These data suggest greater activity of the DNA excision repair genes ERCC1 and XPAC in ovarian cancer tissues of patients clinically resistant to platinum compounds. These data also indicate highly variable splicing of ERCC1 mRNA in ovarian cancer tissues in vivo, whether or not such tissues are sensitive to platinum-based therapy.
Premature baby statistics.
Authors: R R Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

For 27 years annual figures have been kept of all infants weighing 2500 g or less born in the maternity department of the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield. The initial neonatal mortality rate (death within the first four weeks after birth) was then around 30% and is now 10%. This reduction is partly due to a decreased mortality rate among the individual weight groups but also to an increasing number of larger infants and a decreasing number of infants of low birth weight in the "high-risk" category.
Central Nervous System Malignancies: What Next?
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

One of the most devastating malignancies afflicting man is that of cancer in the central nervous system (CNS). Although that diagnosis in U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy raised its profile, the disease has largely hovered in the background—a predictable result of therapeutic disappointment. It is a disease whose outcome has not been substantially altered in 30 years, despite new molecular discoveries and numerous efforts to improve treatment. The experts brought together by Guest Editor Mark Gilbert in this CCR Focus highlight the new understanding of CNS malignancies and offer the prospect that we are at the threshold of a new era. Sequencing studies have identified mutations in many of the genes or upstream pathways that serve as coconspirators in other solid tumors, such as PTEN, p53, and Rb. Specific oncogenic drivers—a mutated and amplified EGF receptor, a mutated and amplified PDGF receptor, and mutated PI3K—have been found. Epigenetic aberrations have also been discovered—mutations in IDH1, IDH2, and the SWI/SNF chromatin regulator ATRX, occurring predominantly in lower-grade tumors; and mutations in the histone variant H3F3A in pediatric glioma. These are exciting discoveries that may offer new targets for clinical trials, but they as yet do not explain how distinctively poor the therapy for glioblastoma has been. One major effort has been the testing of antiangiogenic agents, in particular bevacizumab. Although its vascular or antipermeability properties may improve symptoms—not without value—an improvement in survival could not be demonstrated in randomized trials. As a result, some investigators are asking whether angiogenesis is a valid target while others are attempting to understand how glioblastoma circumvents this therapeutic approach. And, because in all oncologists “hope springs eternal,” the progress and hope of immune therapies are now being brought to bear on CNS malignancies. Although immune-based therapies may evade resistance mechanisms that have thwarted small molecules, we must admit that we have ideas about drug resistance, but no actual data. Together, these CCR Focus articles point out the critical need for greater insights, robust data, novel drugs, and informative trials in CNS cancers. As with every CCR Focus, we hope to educate those interested but not expert in the field, and to inspire and encourage those working in the field.Susan E. BatesDeputy Editor, CCR FocusNational Cancer InstituteSee all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Discoveries, Challenges, and Progress in Primary Brain Tumors.”
Response to D-Trp-6-luteinising hormone releasing hormone (Decapeptyl) microcapsules in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: H Parmar, G Rustin, S L Lightman, R H Phillips, I W Hanham, A V Schally
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Response to D-Trp-6-luteinising hormone releasing hormone (Decapeptyl) microcapsules in advanced ovarian cancer D-Trp-6-luteinising hormone releasing hormone and other gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists are proving useful in treating benign and malignant disease.I 2 We describe 39 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who were treated monthly with a long acting depot preparation of D-Trp-6-luteinising hormone releasing hormone.
Humangenetik; Ein kurzes Handbuch. In 5 vol. Band II: Kyematopathien, Wachstum und Korperform, Skellettsystem
Authors: Walter M. Block
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The five-volume set, of which the present book is the first to appear, is intended as a "comprehensive review of present-day knowledge in the field of heredity." In this volume the first chapter discusses the pathology of the pre-natal period, encompassing anomalies of the embryo and fetus, membranes and appendages. The next deals with anomalies of growth and "body configuration." The various forms of dwarfism are discussed, as well as the osseous and chondro-dysplasias. Then we have a presentation of diseases of the skeletal system, such as the chondromatoses, disturbances of osteogenesis in general, as well as a number of rare syndromes. The following chapter deals with malformations of the extremities. Anomalies pertaining to the number and size of the fingers are discussed in great detail, as are the thalidomide-induced embryopathies. Then there is a long presentation of "anomalies, malformations and diseases of the teeth, mouth and jaw," followed by