tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Host Scavenger Receptor SR-BI Plays a Dual Role in the Establishment of Malaria Parasite Liver Infection
Authors: Cristina D. Rodrigues, Michael Hannus, Miguel Prudêncio, Cécilie Martin, Lígia A. Gonçalves, Sílvia Portugal, Sabrina Epiphanio, Akin Akinc, Philipp Hadwiger, Kerstin Jahn-Hofmann, Ingo Röhl, Geert-Jan van Gemert, Jean-François Franetich, Adrian J.F. Luty, Robert Sauerwein, Dominique Mazier, Victor Koteliansky, Hans-Peter Vornlocher, Christophe J. Echeverri, Maria M. Mota
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Molecular and cellular targets of anti‐IgE antibodies
Authors: D. Inführ, R. Crameri, R. Lamers, G. Achatz
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was the last of the immunoglobulins discovered. It is present in very low amounts (nano‐ to micro‐gram per ml range) in the serum of normal healthy individuals and normal laboratory mouse strains and has a very short half‐life. This contrasts with the other immunoglobulin classes, which are present in much higher concentrations (micro‐ to milligram per ml range) and form a substantial component of serum proteins. Immunoglobulins play a role in homeostatic mechanisms and they represent the humoral arm of defence against pathogenic organisms. Since IgE antibodies play a key role in allergic disorders, a number of approaches to inhibit IgE antibody production are currently being explored. In the recent past the use of nonanaphylactic, humanized anti‐IgE antibodies became a new therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases. The therapeutic rational beyond the idea derives from the ability of the anti‐IgE antibodies to bind to the same domains on the IgE molecule that interact with the high‐affinity IgE receptor, thereby interfering with the binding of IgE to this receptor without cross‐linking the IgE on the receptor (nonanaphylactic anti‐IgE antibodies). Treatment with anti‐IgE antibodies leads primarily to a decrease in serum IgE levels. As a consequence thereof, the number of high‐affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils decreases, leading to a lower excitability of the effector cells reducing the release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Experimental studies in mice indicate that injection of some monoclonal anti‐IgE antibodies also inhibited IgE production in vivo . The biological mechanism behind this reduction remains speculative. A possible explanation may be that these antibodies can also interact with membrane bound IgE on B cells, which could interfere the IgE production.
Less advantaged children are 17 times more at risk of unintentional or violent death than more advantaged peers
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Children aged under 1 year from poorer families are 17 times more likely to die from an unintentional injury than those born to parents in professional roles, according to figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

The figure shows a glaring discrepancy in the rate of unintentional death between children whose parents are either in a manual occupation or out of work and those whose parents have a higher managerial or professional job.

According to the ONS findings, parents who are out of work or who have never worked are also around 12 times more likely to lose a child aged under 15 years from an intentional assault than parents in the most advantaged classes.

The ONS report …
Training and Development of Psychotherapy in Korea
Authors: Suk-Hun Kang
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

In this paper, the author presented the assimilation and development of Western psychotherapy in Korea in their historical perspectives since the introduction of Western psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy to Korean cultural soil. The author also described in detail the present status of psychotherapy training in Korea. The philosophical goal of training and development of Korean psychotherapy has been and will be to unify and integrate Western psychotherapy and traditional Eastern Tao (Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism) which, the author believes, is the highest form of psychotherapy.
Rescue of hearing and vestibular function by antisense oligonucleotides in a mouse model of human deafness
Authors: Jennifer J Lentz, Francine M Jodelka, Anthony J Hinrich, Kate E McCaffrey, Hamilton E Farris, Matthew J Spalitta, Nicolas G Bazan, Dominik M Duelli, Frank Rigo, Michelle L Hastings
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Helper‐suppressor T‐cell leukemia: Unusual phenotype controlled with low‐dose deoxycoformycin
Authors: Mark J. Adler, Robert Hershberg, Alice Yu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Presented is an unusual case of chronic T‐cell leukemia. Immunophenotypic profile revealed the leukemia cells to express T4 and T8 surface markers simultaneously. The patient was treated with low‐dose deoxycoformycin and control of symptoms and lymphocyte levels shown to correlate with ADA and dATP/ATP levels.
A NEW INFANT URINAL
Authors: R. H. McBride
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The difficulty of collecting urine from infants, particularly female infants, is generally appreciated. With the present appliances, the specimen usually becomes contaminated if a stool is passed while the appliance is in place. It is necessary to hold the container securely with adhesive tape. In cases of diarrhea, it is often necessary to collect repeated specimens before one free from stool contamination is secured; and in such instances the skin may become badly excoriated by the repeated application of adhesive tape. The accompanying illustrations represent an infant urinal that overcomes these difficulties. The lip at the lower portion of the orifice fits into the fornix between the buttocks, thus preventing fecal contamination even in cases of diarrhea. In the female, the margins of the urinal orifice fit securely against the vulva. In the male, the urinal fits in the same manner, but with the penis and scrotum within the urinal.
Hemodynamic basis for glomerular injury in rats with desoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension.
Authors: L D Dworkin, T H Hostetter, H G Rennke, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Micropuncture and/or morphologic studies were performed in seven groups of uninephrectomized (UNX) adult male Munich-Wistar rats. Control groups 1, 3, and 6 received standard (24% protein) chow and tap water. Groups 2, 4, and 5 received weekly injections of desoxycorticosterone pivilate (DOC) and 1% saline for drinking, groups 2 and 4 were fed standard chow, and Group 5 a diet containing 6% protein. Group 7 received DOC, salt, and standard chow for 3 wk followed by withdrawal of DOC and salt for an additional 6 wk. 10-14 d after UNX, groups 1 and 2 exhibited similar single nephron glomerular filtration rates (SNGFR) and initial glomerular plasma flow rates (QA). Group 2 had higher mean arterial pressure (AP) and glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (PGC) than group 1. 3-4 wk after UNX, group 4 exhibited further elevations in AP and PGC as compared with groups 2 and 3. SNGFR and QA were similar in groups 3 and 4, but these average values were greater than typical for normal rats. Group 4 also demonstrated increased urinary protein excretion. Morphologic evaluation of glomeruli in groups 2 and 4 revealed mesangial expansion and focal intraglomerular hemorrhage whereas glomeruli of groups 1 and 3 were essentially normal. Values for AP and PGC in group 5 were not different than group 3 but significantly lower than group 4. QA and SNGFR were lower in group 5 (low protein) than in groups 3 and 4. Furthermore, proteinuria and glomerular structural lesions were abolished in group 5. Morphologic studies performed in groups 6 and 7 showed that early DOC-SALT lesions progress to focal glomerular sclerosis. These studies suggest that continued elevations in glomerular capillary flows and pressures predispose to glomerular injury in this model of systemic arterial hypertension.
PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY OF LIVER IN RELATION TO INTOXICATION AND INFECTION
Authors: EUGENE L. OPIE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The physiology of the liver is in large part concerned with the remarkable capacity of the organ to select certain substances from the blood and, after various modifications, to store them in its cells, to return them to the blood or to eliminate them with the bile. In this discussion of the pathologic physiology of the liver it seems desirable that special attention be drawn to the ability of the liver to select from the blood stream and fix within itself various substances that are foreign to the normal metabolism of the body.  It is well known that the liver removes certain substances from the blood with such accuracy that impaired elimination of them may serve as an index of hepatic injury. The experiments of Whipple, Peighthal and Clark1showed that the dye phenoltetrachlorphthalein may be used as a test of the efficiency of liver function. Rowntree, Hurwitz and
Common DNA Polymorphisms at the Lipoprotein Lipase Gene
Authors: X.L. Wang, R.M. McCredie, D.E.L. Wilcken
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background DNA variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene are associated with changes in lipid metabolism similar to those in diabetes and may relate to the development of atherosclerotic lesions, particularly premature lesions. Methods and Results To determine whether lipoprotein lipase gene variants are relevant to ongoing atherogenesis, we explored relationships between two common lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphic markers, Pvu II at intron 6 and Hin dIII at intron 8; the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD); and lipid variables in 475 white patients 65 years of age or younger. We assessed CAD severity as the number of significantly stenosed (&gt;50% luminal obstruction) major coronary arteries at angiography and by the Green Lane coronary score. We found a significant association between the Pvu II polymorphism and the number of significantly diseased vessels ( P =.0099) and coronary score ( P =.028), with the Pvu II(−) alleles associated with less severe disease. The Hin dIII polymorphism was not associated with severity but had an additive effect with the Pvu II polymorphism. There was a close relationship between the Pvu II(+/+) genotype and the presence of diabetes ( P =.0025), with an OR of 3.12 (95% CI, 1.30 to 7.49) compared with the Pvu II(−/−) genotype. The interaction between these polymorphisms and CAD severity (rather than occurrence) was independent of the levels of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol and of other lipid variables. There was also a dosage-dependent relationship between the Pvu II polymorphism and levels of triglyceride. The Pvu II(−) allele was associated with low levels and variances of triglycerides. Conclusions We conclude that the lipoprotein lipase Pvu II polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD severity and with type II diabetes in CAD patients, independent of changes in circulating lipid levels. These findings may be relevant to mechanisms mediating atherogenesis.
Regulatory authorities review use of galantamine in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cortical responses to repeated presentations of a stimulus are variable. This variability is sensitive to experimental manipulations that are also known to engage divisive normalization: a widespread description of neural activity as the ratio of a numerator (the excitatory stimulus drive) and denominator (the normalization signal). Yet, we lack a framework to quantify the effects of normalization on response variability. We extended the standard normalization model, treating the numerator and denominator as stochastic quantities, and derived a method to infer the single-trial normalization strength, which cannot be measured directly. The model revealed a general reduction of response variability in macaque primary visual cortex for neurons that were more strongly normalized, and during trials in which normalization was inferred to be strong. This framework could enable a direct quantification of the impact of single-trial normalization on perceptual judgments, and can readily be applied to other sensory and non-sensory factors.
Cost and Yield of the Hypertensive Evaluation
Authors: ROGER K. FERGUSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

During the first 5 years of a community-based referral hypertension clinic, 331 ambulatory patients were referred for diagnostic evaluation. Thirty-four patients were judged to be normotensive on the basis of resting blood pressures on 3 separate days. In 51 patients the diagnosis was borderline hypertension and in 220, essential hypertension. Twenty-six patients (10.6%) had secondary hypertension. Twenty-one patients with secondary hypertension were first recognized from the data of the history, physical examination, and routine urinalysis. The mean cost per patient of the initial and further evaluations was computed for each group of patients. The average total cost to identify one case of secondary hypertension in the clinic was $2083. Because of the large problem with hypertension in the United States today, the cost-effectiveness of various approaches to the evaluation of patients with hypertension requires thoughtful reappraisal.
Diagnosis of hepatitis C
Authors: A S Lok, N T Gunaratnam
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Currently, the second- and third-generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA-2 and EIA-3) for hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) are the most practical screening tests for the diagnosis of HCV infection. The need for and the choice of supplementary or confirmatory tests depend on the clinical setting and the likelihood of a true-positive EIA result. Detection of HCV RNA in serum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay is the gold standard for the diagnosis of HCV infection. However, the lack of uniformity in current PCR assays has tarnished this standard. Confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of HCV infection are in general unnecessary in anti-HCV-positive patients who present with chronic liver disease. When indicated, the most appropriate test in this setting is a qualitative PCR assay for HCV RNA. Confirmatory tests should always be performed in anti-HCV-positive blood donors and individuals with normal aminotransferase levels. The most appropriate approach is to retest for anti-HCV using recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and then test for HCV RNA using PCR assay in those who are RIBA positive or indeterminate. Liver histology is the gold standard in assessing severity of liver disease. Quantitative tests for serum HCV RNA levels do not help to determine the severity of liver disease. At the moment, HCV genotyping should be considered a research tool and not a part of the diagnostic work-up in clinical practice. The goals of treatment for chronic hepatitis C are sustained biochemical and virological response. Viral clearance should be determined by qualitative PCR assay. Quantifying serum HCV RNA level can help in predicting response to interferon treatment, but further studies using more standardized assays are needed to determine if these values can be used to select patients for treatment.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Patient with Chemotherapy-Resistant Progressive Histiocytosis X
Authors: Olle Ringdén, Lars Åhström, Berit Lönnqvist, Ingvar Båryd, Erik Svedmyr, Gösta Gahrton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

HISTIOCYTOSIS X is the name for a spectrum of rare disorders — Letterer–Siwe disease, Hand–Schüller–Christian disease, and eosinophilic granuloma1 2 3 — that have a wide range of clinical manifestations but are all characterized by granuloma formation, with infiltration and proliferation of histiocytes.In many cases, the symptoms include pain caused by one or more bone lesions. Lymph-node involvement occurs frequently in younger patients. The benign forms of histiocytosis X are characterized by spontaneous remissions and exacerbations. Disseminated fulminant disease progresses rapidly and has an unfavorable outcome. The diagnosis is based on histologie criteria, which can be used as guidelines for prognosis . . .
An RNAi therapeutic targeting antithrombin to rebalance the coagulation system and promote hemostasis in hemophilia
Authors: Alfica Sehgal, Scott Barros, Lacramioara Ivanciu, Brian Cooley, June Qin, Tim Racie, Julia Hettinger, Mary Carioto, Yongfeng Jiang, Josh Brodsky, Harsha Prabhala, Xuemei Zhang, Husain Attarwala, Renta Hutabarat, Don Foster, Stuart Milstein, Klaus Charisse, Satya Kuchimanchi, Martin A Maier, Lubo Nechev, Pachamuthu Kandasamy, Alexander V Kel'in, Jayaprakash K Nair, Kallanthottathil G Rajeev, Muthiah Manoharan, Rachel Meyers, Benny Sorensen, Amy R Simon, Yesim Dargaud, Claude Negrier, Rodney M Camire, Akin Akinc
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
The role of high resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.
Authors: D M Hansell, I H Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Until recently the chest radiograph has been the only imaging technique used in the assessment of patients with suspected diffuse lung disease.In this context the chest radiograph is less than ideal.Problems arise with both false negative and false positive results.It is well established that the chest radiograph may appear entirely normal in up to 10% of patients with biopsy proved diffuse lung dis- ease of various causes,1 and a poor quality on August 2, 2023 by guest.
AORTIC REGURGITATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: INSIGHTS FROM MULTI-DETECTOR ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Victoria Delgado, CT Arnold Ng, Nico RL van de Veire, Frank van der Kley, Joanne D. Schuijf, Rutger J. van Bommel, Arend de Weger, Giuseppe Tavilla, Miriam Shanks, Louisa M. Antoni, Matteo Bertini, Ernst E. van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ruling prevents women taking second abortion pill at home
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Rehabilitation is an essential component of palliative care (Tiberini &amp; Richardson, 2015), however, data on efficacy and key components are lacking (Salakari, Surakka, Nurminen <i>et al</i>., 2015). There is a strong argument that any rehabilitation programme should combine exercise and nutrition, which together may improve physical function and quality of life, but this needs careful evaluation (Payne, Larkin, McIlfatrick, <i>et al</i>., 2013; Chasen, Bhargava, MacDonald, 2014). This is being done through the ENeRgy trial which compares an Exercise and Nutrition based Rehabilitation programme with standard care, in patients with incurable cancer. The trial was funded by Marie Curie and the Chief Scientist Office. <h3>Aims</h3> The primary aim was to assess the feasibility of an Exercise and Nutrition based Rehabilitation programme. Secondary aims included assessment of quality of life (patient and partner-carers), functional and nutritional status, contamination of the control group, health economic impact and survival. <h3>Methods</h3> A single centre, randomised, unblinded feasibility trial was undertaken. Patients were randomised to receive an exercise and nutrition based rehabilitation programme (intervention) or standard care (control). Eligible patients were: ≥18 years, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥60, with a diagnosis of incurable cancer; not undergoing anti-cancer treatment. <h3>Results</h3> 45 patients were recruited from a mixture of hospices and a cancer centre. Challenges included optimising patient recruitment, compliance with the components of the rehabilitation programme, and the establishment of a clinical research team within an independent hospice. Patients’ overall experience of the rehabilitation trial was positive and nurtured a positive, empowering impression of the hospice setting. Key themes and some preliminary data will be presented. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The ENeRgy trial is an important step in assessing the feasibility of an outpatient, hospice based rehabilitation programme for patients with incurable cancer and will inform future work in this area.
Intrinsic and Task-Dependent Coupling of Neuronal Population Activity in Human Parietal Cortex
Authors: Brett L. Foster, Vinitha Rangarajan, William R. Shirer, Josef Parvizi
Journal: Neuron (2015)

Human neuroimaging studies have suggested that subregions of the medial and lateral parietal cortex form key nodes of a larger brain network supporting episodic memory retrieval. To explore the electrophysiological correlates of functional connectivity between these subregions, we recorded simultaneously from medial and lateral parietal cortex using intracranial electrodes in three human subjects. We observed electrophysiological co-activation of retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex (RSC/PCC) and angular gyrus (AG) in the high-frequency broadband (HFB, or high-gamma) range, for conditions that required episodic retrieval. During resting and sleeping states, slow fluctuations (<1 Hz) of HFB activity were highly correlated between these task-co-activated neuronal populations. Furthermore, intrinsic electrophysiological connectivity patterns matched those obtained with resting-state fMRI from the same subjects. Our findings quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of parietal cortex during episodic memory retrieval and provide clear neurophysiological correlates of intrinsic and task-dependent functional connectivity in the human brain.
EFFECT OF CERTAIN LIVER EXTRACTS ON THE BLOOD SUGAR OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: HARRY BLOTNER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our previous work 1 on the effect of liver on the blood sugar suggested that liver contains a blood sugar reducing substance, active when taken by mouth, nontoxic and with an effect on the blood sugar concentration similar to that obtained with insulin, and that the feeding of liver over a period of time has clinical value in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Such data naturally raised the question of the nature of the substance which is thus effective when included in the diabetic diet. An attempt was made, therefore, to isolate certain liver fractions which, when taken orally, would have an effect on the blood sugar level as does liver. In this paper are reported observations on the effect of the oral administration of certain liver extracts on the blood sugar levels in twenty-three cases of diabetes mellitus.  REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE  There have appeared in the French literature
Relapse to Cocaine Abuse After Initiating Desipramine Treatment
Authors: Roger D. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Three cocaine abusers who had been abstinent for one to six months relapsed to cocaine use soon after beginning desipramine hydrochloride therapy. The antidepressant treatment was begun for different reasons in each case. All three patients developed what has been termed the<i>early tricyclic jitteriness syndrome</i>. This reaction may have stimulated conditioned craving for cocaine because of the similarity between this syndrome and cocaine intoxication. Since desipramine is being used to reduce cocaine craving, it is important to recognize this paradoxical increase in craving as a potential adverse effect of desipramine. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2545-2546)
Ultraviolet light inhibition of oriented, fibrin formation in psoriasis
Authors: L. JUHLIN, W.B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Radially-oriented fibrin crystallization was induced by incubation of blood from psoriatic patients with killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phenomenon was inhibited by irradiation of the buffy coat in plasma with UV-B. It was not inhibited by UV-A unless trioxsalen had been added. Addition of UV-A-irradiated plasma to non-irradiated buffy coat also inhibits the fibrin formation.