tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lessons from look-back in acute liver failure? A single centre experience of 3300 patients
Authors: William Bernal, Anna Hyyrylainen, Amit Gera, Vinod K. Audimoolam, Mark J.W. McPhail, Georg Auzinger, Mohammed Rela, Nigel Heaton, John G. O’Grady, Julia Wendon, Roger Williams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
28 AN INTERNATIONAL STUDY EVALUATING THE FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AGONIST OBETICHOLIC ACID AS MONOTHERAPY IN PBC
Authors: K.V. Kowdley, D. Jones, V. Luketic, R. Chapman, A. Burroughs, G. Hirschfield, R. Poupon, C. Schramm, C. Vincent, C. Rust, A. Pares, A. Mason, C. Sciacca, T. Beecher-Jones, O. Bohm, E. Castelloe, M. Pruzanski, D. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Elevated epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number and expression in a squamous carcinoma cell line.
Authors: G T Merlino, Y H Xu, N Richert, A J Clark, S Ishii, S Banks-Schlegel, I Pastan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is known to be homologous to the v-erb B oncogene protein of the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression of the EGF receptor gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells is due to gene amplification. In this study, a variety of squamous cell carcinomas were examined and one, SCC-15, contained high levels of the EGF receptor as determined by immunoprecipitation via an EGF receptor-specific polyclonal antibody. Using a cloned EGF receptor complementary DNA as a probe, the level of EGF receptor RNA was found to be elevated four-fold in SCC-15 relative to normal cultured keratinocytes. When the same probe was used to identify EGF receptor gene fragments on a genomic DNA blot, the SCC-15 cell line was shown to possess an EGF receptor gene copy number amplified four to five times. Gene amplification results in the enhancement in the level of the EGF receptor in several carcinomas and could be responsible for the appearance of the transformed phenotype in these cells.
Regarding “Time to Rethink Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?”
Authors: Jeffry D. Cardneau, Robert W. Chang, Steven P. Okuhn
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Portal pressure, presence of gastroesophageal varices and variceal bleeding
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Roberto J. Groszmann, Rosemarie L. Fisher, Harold O. Conn, Colin E. Atterbury, Morton Glickman
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

This study was performed to examine the relationships between portal pressure measurements and the presence of esophagogastric varices, the size of varices and the occurrence of hemorrhage from varices in 93 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, using standardized measurements of portal pressure by hepatic vein catheterization. The mean hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) was significantly higher in 49 patients who had bled from varices than in 44 cirrhotic patients who had not (20.4 ± 5.1 vs. 16.0 ° 5. 2; p &lt; 0.001). None of the 49 patients who had bled from varices had an HVPG &lt;12 mm Hg. Among the 87 patients who had been examined by endoscopy for varices, all 72 with varices had an HVPG &gt; 12 mm Hg. Six of 15 cirrhotic patients without varices had HVPG &lt; 12 mm Hg. The mean HVPG in the 15 patients without varices (15.1 ± 6.8 mm Hg) was lower than the 72 patients with varices (19.3 ± 4.8 mm Hg; p &lt; 0.01). Of the 72 patients with varices, 40 had large varices, 28 had small varices, and in four patients variceal size coukt not be assessed adequately. The mean HVPG was similar in the patients with large or small varices (19.8 ± 4.8 vs. 18.3 ± 5.0 mm Hg; p &lt; 0.10). There was a positive relationship between the presence of large varices and the occurrence of bleeding from varices. Thirty–three of the 46 patients who had bled from varices had large varices (72%) compared to 7 of the 22 who had not bled from varices (32%) (p &lt; 0.01). The mean HVPG was similar in groups with large varices who had bled (20.3 ± 4.9) and in the group with small varices who had bled (20.2 ± 6.2 mm Hg) (p &gt; 0.10). The mean HVPG in the groups of patients with large varices who had not bled was similar to those with small varices who had not bled (17.3 ± 3.1 vs. 16.7 ± 3.2 mm Hg) (p &gt; 0.10). In both groups, the pressure was lower in those who had not bled. We confirm previous observations that an HVPG &gt; 12 mm Hg is necessary for the occurrence of variceal hemorrhage. We note in addition that this pressure gradient is necessary for the appearance of gastroesophageal varices. Elevated portal pressure plays a major role in the development of esophageal varices, but other factors contribute to the precipitation of hemorrhage from varices. All of these factors, which include size of the varix, thickness of the wall and transmural pressure are integrated in the wall stress formula, which is based on the LaPlace formula. Risk factors are multiple and variable and may interact in the individual patient to precipitate variceal hemorrhage.
Is an intestinal permeability test a valid marker for slight dietary transgressions in adolescents with coeliac disease?
Authors: P Fernandez-Calle, R Codoceo, I Polanco, J Gomez-Cerezo, M Orsi, J M Tenias
Journal: Gut (1993)

Adolescents with coeliac disease often fail to adhere to a strict gluten free diet. The effectiveness of intestinal permeability to sugars as a marker of slight dietary transgressions by such adolescents was assessed. Severe dietary transgressions were excluded from the study. Subjects were divided into two groups according to whether they committed slight dietary transgressions or adhered to a strict gluten free diet. A reference group of preadolescents with coeliac disease was also included in the study. Intestinal permeability and antigliadin antibody tests were performed on all patients. The diagnostic marker of intestinal permeability was excellent in the reference group. Neither the intestinal permeability test nor antigliadin antibody tests, however, succeeded in discriminating between the two groups of adolescents considered in this study. In conclusion the intestinal permeability test is not a valid marker for slight dietary transgression in such patients.
Patient Preferences for Communication with Physicians about End-of-Life Decisions
Authors: Jan C. Hofmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Physicians are frequently unaware of patient preferences for end-of-life care. Identifying and exploring barriers to patient–physician communication about end-of-life issues may help guide physicians and their patients toward more effective discussions. Objective: To examine correlates and associated outcomes of patient communication and patient preferences for communication with physicians about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Five tertiary care hospitals. Patients: 1832 (85%) of 2162 eligible patients completed interviews. Measurements: Surveys of patient characteristics and preferences for end-of-life care; perceptions of prognosis, decision making, and quality of life; and patient preferences for communication with physicians about end-of-life decisions. Results: Fewer than one fourth (23%) of seriously ill patients had discussed preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation with their physicians. Of patients who had not discussed their preferences for resuscitation, 58% were not interested in doing so. Of patients who had not discussed and did not want to discuss their preferences, 25% did not want resuscitation. In multivariable analyses, patient factors independently associated with not wanting to discuss preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation included being of an ethnicity other than black (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.99], not having an advance directive (OR, 1.35 [CI, 1.04 to 1.76]), estimating an excellent prognosis (OR, 1.72 [CI, 1.32 to 2.59]), reporting fair to excellent quality of life (OR, 1.36 [CI, 1.05 to 1.76]), and not desiring active involvement in medical decisions (OR, 1.33 [CI, 1.07 to 1.65]). Factors independently associated with wanting to discuss preferences for resuscitation but not doing so included being black (OR, 1.53 [CI, 1.11 to 2.11]) and being younger (OR, 1.14 per 10-year interval younger [CI, 1.04 to 1.25]). Conclusions: Among seriously ill hospitalized adults, communication about preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation is uncommon. A majority of patients who have not discussed preferences for end-of-life care do not want to do so. For patients who do not want to discuss their preferences, as well as patients with an unmet need for such discussions, failure to discuss preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation may result in unwanted interventions.
The Present Status of the Koch Treatment in Germany.
Authors: E. Fletcher Ingals
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just received a letter from Berlin, some quotations from which I think will be of special interest to your readers as indicating the present status of the Koch treatment in Germany. He says: "Dr. Koch's remedy is still with us, but becoming less popular daily, if I may judge from students and others who have an opportunity of witnessing the treatment. Beside the French and not a few German opponents who are animated by feelings of rivalry or the like, some there are of late who, closely observing the matter, do not hesitate to condemn the treatment as both fruitless, dangerous and unscientific, since it seems to diminish the patient's strength and physical resistance by its local and general powerful action, and hence a condition favorable to the extension of tuberculosis. Koch's announcement of January 15, besides the disclosure concerning the composition of the substance,
New guidelines on asthma management
Authors: D. Keeley, J. Rees
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The British guidelines on the management of asthma first appeared in 1990 in the BMJ .1 2 Two years later revised guidelines, extended to cover asthma in childhood, were distributed to all hospitals and general practitioners in Britain.3 They have come to be widely respected as a clear and practical statement of best practice in the management of asthma. This month sees the publication of a review and a position statement commenting on the guidelines in the light of recent evidence.4

The participants for the latest review were those from the 1993 paper, if they wished to continue, or replacements as needed. Background papers were produced and subsequently published.5 The summary statement was discussed and agreed in 1995, and it is disappointing that publication has been delayed until 1997. The summary statement should be read in conjunction with the 1993 guidelines.

Most of the 1993 advice remains valid, but there are important changes. The new guidelines reiterate the importance of a correct diagnosis and the dangers of escalation of treatment in other …
Idiopathic Lymphedema
Authors: Alexander Schirger
Journal: JAMA (1962)

When a physician sees a patient with lymphedema he must determine whether the lymphedema is idiopathic or secondary to an obstructive or inflammatory process. In the majority of the 131 cases of idiopathic lymphedema in the series studied, swelling began before the age of 39 years. Onset later, therefore, should alert the physician to the possibility of an underlying malignant lesion. Idiopathic lymphedema of congenital type was present in 8 cases, and the praecox type was present in 123 in the series. Medical management, including use of an adequate support when the patient was ambulatory, was employed in the majority of cases. Results of surgical treatment were good in 8 of the 9 surgically treated patients who responded to follow-up. Lymphangiosarcoma had developed in 1 case of lymphedema of 40 years' duration.
Physique and Mental Breakdown in Young Adults
Authors: R. W. Parnell
Journal: BMJ (1957)

A method is described of estimating body type by means of physical anthropometry in the form of a three- numeral index, similar to the somatotype index intro- duced by Sheldon (Sheldon, Stevens and Tucker, 1940).This index is related largely, though certainly not wholly, to genetic influence.In the second part of this report, disposition to breakdown in early adult life is shown by comparing the frequency of somatotypes among patients and among healthy controls.Estimating Body Type by Physical Anthropometry
Computer model of cardiac muscle mechanics
Authors: J. J. H. Donders, J. E. W. Beneken
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Computer model of cardiac muscle mechanics Get access Jan J. H. Donders, Jan J. H. Donders From the Research Group Cardiovascular Physics, Institute of Medical Physics, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan E. W. Beneken Jan E. W. Beneken From the Research Group Cardiovascular Physics, Institute of Medical Physics, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue supp1, July 1971, Pages 34–50, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.supp1.34 Published: 01 July 1971
FDA Funding Problems Imperil Safety of Biological Products in the United States
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clubbing Secondary to an Arteriovenous Fistula Used for Hemodialysis
Authors: Daniel E. Leb
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DIGITAL clubbing has been defined as painless, uniform enlargement of a finger or toe confined to the terminal segment.<sup>1</sup>Although first described by Hippocrates and associated with a number of conditions, the pathogenesis remains obscure. The diagnosis is made by demonstrating that the normal angle between the plane of the proximal nail and the plane of the distal phalanx has been obliterated.<sup>1,2</sup>Clubbing of the thumb and index and middle fingers developed in a woman's arm in which a radial arteriovenous (AV) fistula for use in hemodialysis had been constructed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman with renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis and congenital absence of the left arm below midhumerus began hemodialysis in September 1971 using a leg shunt. An AV fistula was constructed but not used until August 1974. She received hemodialysis for 12 hours each week using a 1.3-sq m capillary dialyzer with
Comparison of the 'open' vs 'closed' intensive care unit formats
Authors: M. J. Alberts
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The recent article by Dr Carson and colleagues 1 is an interesting and timely study of an important issue—namely, a comparison of the cost-effectiveness of 2 different organizational structures for an intensive care unit (ICU). However, several limitations in the study design and data interpretation make the conclusions suspect. For example, it is stated that all patients admitted to the ICU during the study period were eligible for enrollment, but not that consecutive patients were actually enrolled in the study. Perhaps there was a systematic bias in patient referral, as is alluded to in the paper.  It is of note that the actual mortality for patients in the open period was lower than in the closed period, although the difference was not statistically significant. The comparison of actual to predicted mortality based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores is error prone, and
Generic assumptions shared by visual perception and imagery
Authors: Qasim Zaidi, A. Fuzz Griffiths
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

What is difficult to imagine is also surprising to perceive. This indicates that active visual imagery is an integral part of active visual perception. Erroneous mental transformations provide clues to prior assumptions in visual imagery, just as visual illusions provide clues to perceptual assumptions. Visual imagery and perception share generic assumptions about invariants in images of rigid objects.
FDA insists that oestrogen products for menopause carry a warning
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Food and Drug Administration has announced that manufacturers of drugs that contain either oestrogen alone or both oestrogen and progestogen together for the treatment of symptoms associated with menopause must include a new warning on the labels. The warning must state that the drugs may increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, blood clots, and breast cancer.

The announcement comes six months after a women's health initiative trial, sponsored by the US government, was halted three years earlier than expected ( BMJ 2002;325:61).

The large landmark study found that women taking the hormone replacement product Prempro, a combination …
Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Women
Authors: Judith M. E. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the evidence that lipid lowering prevents coronary heart disease (CHD) events in women. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —English-language literature assessing the effects of cholesterol lowering with dietary and/or drug interventions as primary or secondary prevention on CHD events in women. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Coronary heart disease and total mortality were the primary outcomes assessed. Angiographic regression of coronary atherosclerosis was a secondary outcome. <h3>Study Selection, Data Extraction, and Data Synthesis.</h3> —All nine of the identified studies that met the criteria were included. Relative risks for CHD and total mortality were calculated from available data. Summary relative risks were calculated using meta-analytic techniques. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —There is no evidence from primary prevention trials that cholesterol lowering affects total mortality in healthy women, although the available data are limited. Limited evidence suggests that treatment of hypercholesterolemia in women with coronary disease may decrease CHD mortality. Future research should address the role of dietary and other nondrug treatment of hypercholesterolemia in women at high risk for CHD. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1152-1158)
Consciousness, connectionism, and intentionality
Authors: Donelson E. Dulany
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Connectionism can provide useful theories in which consciousness is the exclusive vehicle of explicit representation. The theories may not, however, handle some phenomena adequately: sense of agency, modes and contents of awareness, propositional and deliberative thought, metacognitive awareness and consciousness of self. They should, however, be useful in describing automatic, activational relations among nonpropositional conscious contents.
Diatrizoate Absorption From the Intestine
Authors: Hugh E. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The appearance of diatrizoate in urine after oral administration can occur in patients with normal gastrointestinal tracts, intestinal obstruction, or gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, but we believe that this is quite uncommon.  In studies using diatrizoate administered orally or by enema in nonselected cases, Rubin ( Arch Surg  80 :495-500, 1960) reports only one urogram in over 150 studies; Epstein ( Amer J Roent  78 :694-697, 1957) reports no urinary tract visualization in 30 cases, and Shehadi ( Amer J Roentgen  89 :741-751, 1963) observed renal excretion in only two patients in a series of over 1,500 cases (both patients had small intestinal obstruction).  The occurrence of a pyelogram after oral diatrizoate in intestinal obstruction also is unusual. Lowman ( Surg Gynec Obstet  106 :567-572, 1958) reports on an unselected total of 50 patients with the problem of intestinal obstruction as a surgical emergency. He states that after diatrizoate administration orally or
Expression of α -, β -, and γ -hENaC mRNA in the Human Nasal, Bronchial, and Distal Lung Epithelium
Authors: OLLI M. PITKÄNEN, DAVID SMITH, HUGH O'BRODOVICH, GAIL OTULAKOWSKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The amount of fluid covering the epithelium of the airways and alveolar space is modulated by active transport of Na+ from the lumen through the apical membrane Na+ permeant ion channels towards the interstitial space. We have measured the subunit expression of the amiloride-sensitive human Na+ channel (hENaC) by concomitant assessment of α -, β -, and γ -hENaC mRNA in the nasal, bronchial, and peripheral lung epithelia of adult patients undergoing lobectomy secondary to lung cancer. The study employed quantitative competitive reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and qualitative in situ hybridization techniques. The hENaC mRNA content of each sample was normalized to the amount of epithelial cell-specific cytokeratin 18 (CK18) mRNA. Nasal epithelium contained significantly more (p < 0.05) α -hENaC mRNA (18 ± 5 SD amol/fmol CK18), than bronchus (8 ± 2 SD amol/fmol) and peripheral lung (9 ± 2 SD amol/fmol). The ratio of γ -hENaC/ α -hENaC mRNA concentration was lowest in the nasal area, and it increased significantly towards the distal lung regions. The change in β -hENaC mRNA was less profound. In situ hybridization studies of bronchial and peripheral lung sections selectively revealed expression of α -hENaC mRNA in superficial epithelium and submucosal glands of large airways, in bronchiolar epithelium, and in alveolar cells. We conclude that the relative expression of the hENaC subunit genes changes from the proximal to distal regions of the human respiratory tract.