tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous absorption of phenol and methyl alcohol in Magenta Paint B.P.C.
Authors: SARAH C. F. ROGERS, DESMOND BURROWS, DESMOND NEILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Percutaneous absorption of phenol and methyl alcohol in Magenta Paint B.P.C. Get access SARAH C. F. ROGERS, SARAH C. F. ROGERS Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Dr Sarah Rogers, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne NE1 4LP. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DESMOND BURROWS, DESMOND BURROWS Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DESMOND NEILL DESMOND NEILL Department of Biochemistry, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 98, Issue 5, 1 May 1978, Pages 559–560, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01942.x Published: 01 May 1978
Anonymised data of all NHS treatments must be put in public domain by 2015, strategy says
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Anonymised data concerning every NHS treatment carried out in England—extracted from patients’ records—will be put in the public domain within three years under a long awaited information strategy for the NHS published this week.1

The strategy also commits the NHS to offering all primary care patients access to their health records on the internet and the ability to book appointments and obtain repeat prescriptions online.

The BMA said that the strategy “contains positive improvements which should benefit patients” but called for more detail and warned of threats to patients’ confidentiality.

The information strategy, published by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, on Monday 21 May, is the fourth major attempt in 20 years to use information technology to join up NHS services. Unlike its predecessors, however, it extends to local authority social care as well as …
Evidence against significant resting sympathetic coronary vasoconstrictor tone in the conscious dog.
Authors: W M Chilian, R B Boatwright, T Shoji, D M Griggs
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether resting coronary blood flow is under tonic restraint due to sympathetically mediated alpha-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction. To accomplish this, we first developed and verified a technique for selectively sympathectomizing the posterior region of the canine left ventricle. This technique entailed the topical application of phenol in a thin line to specific sites on the myocardium and epicardial vessels. As part of the verification, we demonstrated that left stellate nerve stimulation caused increases in the myocardial extraction ratios for oxygen and lactate in the normally innervated region (I) of the ventricle, but not in the sympathectomized region (Sx). We then measured regional myocardial blood flow with microspheres in phenol-treated animals under conscious, resting conditions. The animals were acclimated to the laboratory environment, and their arterial plasma norepinephrine levels averaged 135 +/- 37 pg/ml. heart rate (81 +/- 3 bpm) and mean aortic pressure (100 +/- 2 mm Hg) were not significantly affected by beta-adrenergic blockade or combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade in these animals. Blood flow in I and Sx averaged 0.87 +/- 0.08 ml/min per g and 0.85 +/- 0.07 ml/min per g, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The endocardial-to-epicardial blood flow ratio in I and Sx averaged 1.23 +/- 0.03 and 1.29 +/- 0.04, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. The results were not significantly affected by beta-adrenergic blockade or combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade. We were unable to confirm previous evidence in the literature of significant resting sympathetic coronary vasoconstrictor tone in the conscious animal.
ER71 specifies Flk-1+ hemangiogenic mesoderm by inhibiting cardiac mesoderm and Wnt signaling
Authors: Fang Liu, Inyoung Kang, Changwon Park, Li-Wei Chang, Wei Wang, Dongjun Lee, Dae-Sik Lim, Daniel Vittet, Jeanne M. Nerbonne, Kyunghee Choi
Journal: Blood (2012)
FANCL ubiquitinates β-catenin and enhances its nuclear function
Authors: Kim-Hien T. Dao, Michael D. Rotelli, Curtis L. Petersen, Stefanie Kaech, Whitney D. Nelson, Jane E. Yates, Amy E. Hanlon Newell, Susan B. Olson, Brian J. Druker, Grover C. Bagby
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cost comparison of ranibizumab and bevacizumab
Authors: T. L. Jackson, L. Kirkpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Recent experiments have indicated that neural agrin is deposited at newly forming nerve-muscle synapses and has a primary synaptogenic role there. As a step toward assessing how the spatial arrangement of new synaptic sites is regulated, we compared the pattern of agrin deposition by Xenopus neurites on culture substrate and on muscle cells. The neurons were grown on a substrate that bound their externalized agrin so tightly that it remained bound even when the neurites retracted spontaneously or were eliminated experimentally. By contrast, the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, was not left behind on the substrate when the neurites were eliminated. Agrin, visualized by immunofluorescent staining, was deposited on the culture substrate in a continuous fashion along virtually the entire neuritic arbor of many spinal cord (SC) neurites. The pattern of agrin deposition by the same neurites changed from continuous to discontinuous when the neurites contacted muscle cells, and it became continuous again when the neurites returned to the culture substrate. The sites of agrin deposition on muscle cells were also sites of accumulation of ACh receptors (AChRs). Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and some SC neurons did not deposit agrin along their neuritic outgrowth, either on the culture substrate or on the muscle cells, and did not induce AChR accumulation at sites of contact with muscle cells. Besides adding to the evidence in support of agrin9s synaptogenic role, the findings indicate that muscle cells significantly influence how neural agrin and synaptic sites become distributed along paths of neurite-muscle contact.
Diary keeping in asthma: comparison of written and electronic methods.
Authors: M E Hyland, C A Kenyon, R Allen, P Howarth
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the extent to which symptom diaries of asthmatic patients are inaccurate or based on retrospective recall. DESIGN--Comparison of electronic and pencil and paper diaries. Both forms were completed twice daily at home for 14 days. SETTING--Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS--24 asthmatic outpatients also tested for severity of asthma and for anxiety. RESULTS--More sessions were missed in the evening than in the morning for both types of diaries. Significantly more retrospective entries were made in the evening (26 entries, 14 patients) than in the morning (6 entries, 3 patients). Discrepant entries of peak expiratory flow accounted for 15% of those made on the appropriate day, and three quarters of patients made at least one discrepant entry. Variation in peak expiratory flow was significantly related to number of discrepancies and number of missing days, and anxiety score was significantly related to number of missing days. About a fifth of written entries may have errors. CONCLUSION--Poor diary completion may result from having unreasonable expectations of patients and giving incomplete instructions. Electronic, time coded diaries could ensure better quality of records.
Describing the road to death
Authors: Joanne Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Objective: To estimate the total number of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan and the prevalence of the disorder. Design: A nationwide epidemiological survey. Setting: Hospitals selected randomly from among all hospitals in Japan. Patients: Patients presenting with any of the three types of idiopathic cardiomyopathy: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Main outcome measures: The total number of patients in Japan was estimated using the sampling and response rates in each stratum with respect to hospital size. The second survey was conducted for patients reported in the first survey in order to obtain detailed information, including age, sex, and specific clinical data. Results: Estimated patient totals and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 17 700 (95% CI 16 500 to 18 800) for dilated cardiomyopathy, 21 900 (95% CI 20 600 to 23 200) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 300 (95% CI 250 to 350) for restrictive cardiomyopathy. Crude prevalence per 100 000 population was estimated as 14.0 for dilated cardiomyopathy, 17.3 for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 0.2 for restrictive cardiomyopathy; crude incidence per 100 000 person-years was estimated as 3.58, 4.14, and 0.06, respectively. Conclusions: The total number and prevalence of patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy in Japan are estimated for the first time in a nationwide survey. The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Japan appears to be about half that of Western populations, while that of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is about the same.
Effect of liver transplantation on sex-hormone disorders in male patients with alcohol-induced or post-viral hepatitis advanced liver disease
Authors: Jérôme Guéchot, Olivier Chazouillères, Alain Loria, Laurent Hannoun, Pierre Balladur, Rolland Parc, Jacqueline Giboudeau, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
T-helper cell type-2 regulation in allergic disease
Authors: S. N. Georas, J. Guo, U. De Fanis, V. Casolaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Substantial experimental evidence now supports the notion that allergic diseases are characterised by a skewing of the immune system towards a T-helper cell type-2 (Th2) phenotype. Studies using both human and mouse model systems have provided key evidence for the role that Th2 cytokines play in driving many of the hallmarks of allergic inflammation. Furthermore, the signalling pathways by which Th2 cytokines exert their effects on airway target cells are rapidly being elucidated, and antagonists of the Th2 pathway are under active development. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of T-helper cell type-2 cells in asthma is summarised, focusing on how and where T-helper cell type-2 cells differentiate from naïve precursors. The signalling molecules and transcription factors involved in T-helper cell type-2 differentiation will be reviewed in detail, in an attempt to translate studies using genetically modified mice into meaningful insights about asthma and other allergic diseases.
Availability of HIV Care in Central America
Authors: David A. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Central America is an area with a growing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, but with marked limitations in its health care infrastructure. Estimated adult HIV infection rates range from 0.20% in Nicaragua to 2.01% in Belize. Hospitals and clinicians with experience in HIV care exist mainly, if not only, in capital cities and principal economic centers. Nationally sponsored social security systems in each country consistently offer a wider range of services than do ministry of health systems. Estimated access to the social security system ranges from 0% in Belize and 10% of the population in Honduras to 95% in Costa Rica. Combination antiretroviral therapy is not available through the ministries of health and zidovudine is only sporadically available for prevention of perinatal transmission. Combination therapy is available through the social security system in the countries of Guatemala, Panama, and Costa Rica only. A wide variety of antiretroviral agents are available through private pharmacies in all countries except Belize. With the exception of Costa Ricans, most people with HIV infection in Central America have limited access to HIV-specific health services and limited or no access to antiretroviral agents.
Prominent regulatory but weak antigen-presenting cell function of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Frank A. Schildberg, Christian Kurts, Percy A. Knolle
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In their commentary, Alisi et al. emphasize the function of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) besides their regulatory function.1 As indicated by Alisi et al., HSCs can, in principle, act as APCs for cluster of differentiation (CD)4, CD8, and natural killer T cells.2 It remained unclear how efficiently HSCs function as APCs relative to other hepatic cells, in particular being located in the Dissé space next to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), a well-documented liver-resident APC.3 During conditions of direct competition in vivo, HSCs were less efficient than LSECs in the uptake of circulating antigen from the blood (Fig. 1A). Only dendritic cells (DCs) bear the capacity to function as APC after the uptake of small amounts of antigen. They employ antigen targeting through receptor-mediated endocytosis into intracellular compartments dedicated to cross-presentation in combination with antigen-persistence within these compartments for efficient, prolonged antigen presentation.4, 5 Other cells, such as macrophages, or LSECs need more antigen uptake to cross-present antigen in a similar fashion,6, 7 thus indicating that antigen processing is less efficient, compared to DCs, but compensated by superior antigen uptake. Thus, we next investigated the relative efficiency of HSCs to cross-present antigen to CD8 T cells. Clearly, HSCs were again inferior to LSECs in cross-presentation of circulating antigen ingested in vivo (Fig. 1B). These results demonstrate that HSCs do not possess antigen-processing capability similar to DCs, suggesting that if already antigen uptake is inefficient, downstream mechanisms, such as peptide trimming in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are unlikely to improve APC function. A recent report also showed that primary HSCs have little, if any, APC function for CD4 T cells, even after stimulation with exogenous interferon gamma.8 Taken together, these results demonstrate a hierarchy in the performance of APC function for DCs being most efficient in antigen processing, macrophages and LSECs compensating for inefficient antigen processing by high antigen uptake, and HSCs showing low antigen uptake and inefficient antigen processing. These data call into question a prominent role for HSCs as liver-resident APCs. (A) Antigen-uptake by LSECs or HSCs isolated 1 hour after challenge with fluorochrome-labeled ovalbumin (OVA; 4 μg). (B) IL2 release from B3Z-cells recognizing OVA-derived SIINFEKL on H-2Kb after 18 hours coculture with LSECs or HSCs, isolated from mice 1 hour after injection of 1 mg of OVA. Frank A. Schildberg*, Christian Kurts*, Percy A. Knolle MD*, * Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Economic recession and suicide
Authors: K. Hawton, C. Haw
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The association is clear but government response may limit its extent 

Financial recessions and their socioeconomic sequelae can have diverse consequences for population health, a fact that has attracted considerable attention since the 2008 global financial crisis.1 It has long been known that economic conditions can influence suicide rates.2 The depression of the late 1920s to early 1930s was associated with marked rises in suicide, especially in men, which parallelled increases in unemployment.3 The Asian economic recession of 1997-98 was also followed by rising suicide rates, which reflected financial and unemployment indices.4

In a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5239), Chang and colleagues identified an impact of the 2008 global economic downturn on suicide by comparing numbers of suicides in 53 countries in 2009 with numbers expected on the basis of 2000-07 trends.5 Excess numbers of suicides occurred in many of the countries, especially in Europe and the United States, particularly in men and young people. The rise in suicides correlated with the extent of increased unemployment, with the effect being greatest in countries …
The Action of Several Cardiac Glycosides on Conduction Velocity and Ventricular Excitability in the Dog Heart
Authors: GORDON K. MOE, RAFAEL MÉNDEZ
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The effects of digitoxin, ouabain, lanatoside C and K-strophanthoside on ventricular excitability and conducion velocity were studied. All agents caused an initial slight increase followed by a decrease of ventricular excitability, and depression of A-V and intraventricular conduction. Conduction, while depressed in the specialized tissue, was well maintained in the muscle itself until death of the heart. No significant qualitative differences between the glycosides were observed.
Letter: Spasmolytics for postoperative bowel contractions.
Authors: J W Watt
Journal: BMJ (1976)

proximal jejunum to absorb glucose.The trapping of available carbohydrate within intact cell walls and alterations of the physical characteristics of the intraluminal contents by unabsorbable carbohydrates may both result in reduced availability of glucose for absorption in the proximal small bowel while increasing its availability in the distal small bowel.The adaptation of the proximal jejunum may then be reversed, resulting in a flatter glucose tolerance curve.It is possible that some diabetic patients might benefit from treatment with wheat bran or other dietary fibres and unavailable carbohydrates.
A clinicopathologic study of chronic non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis in Taiwan: comparison between posttransfusion and sporadic patients
Authors: Jia-Horng Kao, Sun-Lung Tsai, Pei-Jer Chen, Pei-Ming Yang, Jin-Chuan Sheu, Ming-Yang Lai, Hey-Chi Hsu, Juei-Low Sung, Teh-Hong Wang, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Abstract 5342: Phage display selelction on tumor histological specimens
Authors: yujing sun, Girja Shukla, Stephanie Pero, Elena Peletskaya, David Krag
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A method was developed to obtain phage displayed ligands that bind to a select population of cells in histological specimens of freshly harvested solid human cancers. It combines phage display panning with laser capture microdissection (LCM). This method allows selection of phage ligands bound to subpopulations of specific cells contained in tumor tissue on histological sections. Naïve phage scFv library was incubated directly on a histological section of human breast cancer that was snap frozen immediately after surgical resection. Tumor stromal cells were captured by LCM and bound phages were recovered by bacterial infection. Individual phage clones selected after three rounds of panning were evaluated for their binding ability by immunofluorescence staining on tumor tissue from the same patient. Based on DNA analysis, 20% of 3rd output clones represented a single clone. This clone selectively bound tumor stroma in the breast cancer specimen and did not bind the malignant cell population. This clone, expressed as a soluble scFv, showed no significant binding to normal tissues, 13 other breast cancers or 4 colon cancer samples. This method is applicable for selection of ligands to virtually any portion of a histological specimen amenable to LCM. This may speed the process of generating ligands to any subset of cells or noncellular feature present on histological specimens. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5342.
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in U.S. Travelers
Authors: Barbara L. Herwaldt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To characterize the exposures and practices of U.S. travelers who acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas and to highlight problems they encountered in seeking medical care from U.S. physicians. Design: A retrospective review of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Drug Service records and a telephone survey of patients. Patients: Fifty-nine civilian U.S. travelers with American cutaneous leishmaniasis for whom the Drug Service released sodium stibogluconate between 1 January 1985 and 30 April 1990; 58 travelers (98%) were interviewed. Main Measurements: Travel destination, exposure duration, knowledge about leishmaniasis, and time from noticing skin lesions to release of drug. Results: Overall, travelers acquired leishmaniasis in as many as 14 countries; 33 of 59 travelers (56%) were infected in Mexico or Central America. Twenty-seven travelers (46%) were conducting field studies and 23 (39%) were tourists, visitors, or tour guides. At least 15 persons (26% of the 58 interviewed travelers) were in forested areas for 1 week or less; at least 6 of these persons had a maximum exposure of 2 days. Ten persons (17%) were home at least 1 month before they noticed skin lesions. Patients consulted from one to seven physicians (mean, 2.1 physicians) before leishmaniasis was diagnosed. Overall, the median time from noticing lesions to the release of drug was 112 days (range, 13 to 1022 days); however, the median was only 55 days for 13 patients (22%) unusually knowledgeable about leishmaniasis and was a maximum of 60 days for 16 patients (28%) (including 7 of the 13 unusually knowledgeable patients) who generally consulted physicians exceptionally knowledgeable about infectious and tropical diseases. Conclusions: Travelers to forested areas in Central America and Texas and their physicians need to be educated about the risk for acquiring leishmaniasis even during short stays; effective preventive measures; and appropriate medical management.
The influence of intravascular ultrasound guidance on in-hospital outcomes after stent implantation: results from the brazilian society of interventional cardiology registry - CENIC
Authors: Amanda Sousa, Alexandre Abizaid, Gary Mintz, Luiz A. Mattos, Cantideo Campos, Angela Paes, Jamil Saad, Costantino Costantini, Gilvan Dourado, Helio Figueira, Klauber Carneiro, Alcides Zago, Expedito Ribeiro, J.Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Privy Council sets aside GMC ruling
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Privy Council has set aside a General Medical Council ruling striking a GP off the medical register for sexual improprieties after throwing out one of the charges found proved by the GMC.

The three judges dismissed a charge that Emmanuel Nwabueze had had sexual intercourse at his surgery at Prestatyn in Clwyd on 26 December 1995 with a former patient.

The judges—Lord Hope, Sir Patrick …
Subungual Haematoma--An Evaluation of Treatment
Authors: G. H. Farrington
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Pre-eclampsia-Menzies M JCALJOURNAL Blood-pressure Under Treatment.-There is in fact no signi- ficant difference between the two groups, but chlorothiazide is as good as phenobarbitone, rest, and diet in controlling blood- pressure (Table VIII).