tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in cultured mammalian cells.
Authors: M Sugiyama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Chromium(VI) compounds are known to be potent toxic and carcinogenic agents. Because chromium(VI) is easily taken up by cells and is subsequently reduced to chromium(III), the formation of paramagnetic chromium such as chromium(V) and chromium(III) is believed to play a role in the adverse biological effects of chromium(VI) compounds. The present report, uses electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy; the importance of the role of paramagnetic chromium in chromium(VI)-induced damage in intact cultured cells is discussed, based upon our studies with antioxidants including vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), B2 (riboflavin), C (ascorbic acid), and so on. These studies appear to confirm the participation of paramagnetic Cr such as chromium(V) and Chromium(III) in chromium(VI)-induced cellular damage.
No Exceptionalism Needed to Treat Terrorists
Authors: Chiara Lepora, Marion Danis, Alan Wertheimer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment The opinions expressed are the authors' own. They do not represent any position or policy of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, or Department of Health and Human Services. This article is not subject to U.S. Copyright Law
Clinical Training in Venereology in the United States and Canada
Authors: Walter E. Stamm, Susan Kaetz, King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Of the 127 medical schools in the United States and Canada surveyed, 69 had no hospital- or health department-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic available for teaching, 87 offered no clinical training to students, and 96 offered no hours to residents. In the United States, even when training was offered, only 30% of students and 45% of residents participated, receiving an average of six and 12 hours of instruction, respectively. Instruction in venereology in US medical schools seems to have declined in the last 15 years, despite a sharply rising incidence and the enlarging spectrum of STDs. The National Conference of Preventing Disease-Promoting Health has recommended that, by 1990, all medical schools establish a clinical affiliation with public or private STD treatment facilities so that all medical students and physicians in training will receive a minimum of 20 hours of supervised clinical experience. This study underscores the appropriateness and urgency of that recommendation.
Clinical Studies on Involvement of the Pulmonary Artery by Syphilitic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: JOHN J. DONNELL, DAVID C. LEVINSON, GEORGE C. GRIFFITH
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography studies are reported in two patients with syphilitic aortic aneurysms, both of which compromised the pulmonary circulation. In the first instance the right main pulmonary artery was compressed and pulmonary hypertension proximal to the compression resulted. In the second patient the aneurysm ruptured into the pulmonary artery producing an aortic-pulmonary fistula. This patient also had pulmonary hypertension and evidence at cardiac catheterization of a large left-to-right shunt. The difficulty of making the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary artery compression by an aortic aneurysm is discussed. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography were essential for establishing this diagnosis in life.
Medical Marijuana, Physician-Assisted Suicide, and the Controlled Substances Act
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The Controlled Substances Act is a 1970 law designed to prevent drug abuse and trafficking and to control the authorized distribution of narcotics, barbiturates, and other scheduled drugs. Nearly 35 years after its passage, the act is at the center of heated legal controversies about the medical use of marijuana and physician-assisted suicide. Cases related to both of these issues test the power of Attorney General John Ashcroft, the conservative former senator from Missouri, who is a long-standing opponent of both activities.(Figure)States license physicians and regulate the practice of medicine; the federal government enforces drug laws. Both . . .
MDR1 RNA Levels in Human Renal Cell Carcinomas: Correlation With Grade and Prediction of Reversal of Doxorubicin Resistance by Quinidine in Tumor Explants
Authors: H. Kanamaru, Y. Kakehi, O. Yoshida, S. Nakanishi, I. Pastan, M. M. Gottesman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

We examined the distribution of RNA levels expressed by the multidrug-resistance gene (MDR1, also known as PGY1) in 42 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) samples (38 primary and four metastatic lesions). The median MDR1 RNA level for the 38 primary lesions, expressed relative to the level for KB-3-1 cells, was approximately one-half of the level in multidrug-resistant KB-8-5 cells. Elevated MDR1 RNA levels were also observed in three of the four metastatic lesions. The mean MDR1 RNA level was higher in well-differentiated RCCs than in those that were poorly differentiated, suggesting that the increased expression of the MDR1 gene in RCCs originates from the increased expression in renal proximal tubule cells. To clarify the association of the MDR1 protein product P-glycoprotein with natural resistance to doxorubicin (ADR) in RCCs, we evaluated the effects of quinidine on in vitro sensitivity to ADR in 16 RCC samples, using a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. The enhancing effect of quinidine (7.5 micrograms/mL) on sensitivity to ADR was statistically significant only in the group with high MDR1 RNA levels. Similar enhancement by quinidine of sensitivity to ADR was also observed in the established RCC cell lines in which MDR1 RNA levels were high. These results suggest that P-glycoprotein is active in the natural resistance of RCCs to ADR.
Plethysmography for the assessment of pneumococcal pneumonia and passive immunotherapy in a mouse model
Authors: L. de Hennezel, S. Debarre, F. Ramisse, S. Delamanche, A. Harf, J‐M. Alonso, J‐H. Calvet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The increasing prevalence of resistance to antibiotics of Streptococcus pneumoniae, the main causative agent of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, necessitates the development of both new therapeutic strategies and noninvasive methods in order to evaluate their efficacy. The efficacy of passive immunotherapy with human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or solvent alone, administered intranasally or intravenously, was evaluated in a mouse model of acute pneumonia. Lung bacterial load was also evaluated, using a classical but invasive method, as was respiratory function (minute ventilation, respiratory frequency and tidal volume) using plethysmography, a simple noninvasive method commonly used in inhalation toxicology, but not previously used to assess respiratory infection. Forty-eight hours after infectious challenge, the lung bacterial load was significantly lower in IVIG-treated mice than in untreated mice. At the same time, minute ventilation was significantly lower than reference values for untreated mice (36+/-3 versus 57+/-8 mL.min(-1), p<0.01, and 31+/-2 versus 50+/-5 mL.min(-1), p<0.01 for intranasal and intravenous administration of solvent, respectively) but not in mice treated with IVIG by either route of administration. Plethysmography therefore appears to be a simple and reliable test for the follow-up of acute respiratory infection.
Pseudodislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint Diagnosed by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: JOHN M. BAUMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A three-phase bone scan was performed to examine right upper extremity pain in a 70-year-old woman suspected of having reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The patient was chronically anticoagulated for atrial fibrillation. The first two phases demonstrated no pertinent findings. Delayed imaging revealed a widened glenohumeral joint on the right with downward displacement of the humeral head. Subsequent radiographs confirmed pseudodislocation and laboratory evaluation revealed an elevated prothrom bin time. Aspiration of the right glenohumeral joint yielded 60–70 cc of bloody fluid and resulted in prompt relief. The radionuclide bone scan pseudodislocation sign is analogous to the radiographic sign of the same name and is a clue to the presence of glenohumeral hemarthrosis.
In Vitro Identification of Angioplasty-Induced Injury by Use of Vascular Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Michael J. Vonesh, Lyle F. Mockros, Charles J. Davidson, Krishnan B. Chandran, David D. McPherson
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We have developed a novel method of diagnosing stress-induced vascular injury. This approach uses the sound energy released from atherosclerotic arterial tissue during in vitro balloon angioplasty to characterize type and severity of induced trauma. Methods and Results Thirty-two postmortem human peripheral arterial specimens 1.0 cm long were subjected to in vitro balloon angioplasty with simultaneous acoustic emission monitoring. Specimens were examined before and after angioplasty to ascertain the extent of angioplasty-induced injury. Gross observation was used to identify dissection. A three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound reconstruction technique was used to estimate the luminal surface area of the specimen. Change in luminal surface area (postangioplasty minus preangioplasty) was used to quantify induced injury. The energy content and spectral distribution of the digitally acquired vascular acoustic emission (VAE) signals were computed. Comparisons of angioplasty-induced trauma with VAE signal characteristics were made. Dissection (mural laceration of variable depth) was observed in 15 of 32 specimens. Eleven showed no evidence of induced dissection, and 6 had preexisting intimal disruptions. The energy content of the VAE signals collected from specimens with dissection was greater than that obtained from those in which dissection was absent: 845±89.4 mJ (mean±SEM; n=15) versus 128±40.8 mJ (n=11; P &lt;.001). Comparison of induced trauma and VAE signal energy demonstrated a proportional relationship ( r =.87, P &lt;.001, n=32). Conclusions VAE signals contain information characterizing type and severity of angioplasty-induced arterial injury. Because vascular injury is related to adverse procedural outcome, development of VAE technology as an adjunct to conventional diagnostic modalities may facilitate optimal balloon angioplasty delivery and postprocedural care.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenoacanthoma of the Colon
Authors: Walter Birnbaum
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Carcinoma of the colon is almost always adenocarcinoma, (Greek<i>adenos</i>gland) which arises from the glandular mucosa lining this viscus. Squamous cell carcinoma or acanthoma (Greek<i>akantha</i>, thorn or prickle) occurs in the anal canal, the lining of which is squamous epithelium, or in the lower part of the rectum adjacent to the anal canal where it may have originated from the nearby squamous or transitional cells. Adenocanthomas are carcinomas in which both glandular and squamous elements are present. Rarely has squamous cell carcinoma been reported to occur in the colon above the peritoneal reflection although it is possible that this tumor may occur more frequently than the number of published case reports would indicate. From 1907, when Herxheimer<sup>1</sup>presented the case of a patient with adenoacanthoma of the cecum, to 1966, only two squamous cell carcinomas and five additional adenoacanthomas of the colon, excluding the rectum, had been
Upregulation of the transcription factor GATA-3 in upper airway mucosa after in vivo and in vitro allergen challenge
Authors: Yutaka Nakamura, Pota Christodoulopoulos, Lisa Cameron, Erin Wright, Francois Lavigne, Masao Toda, Shigeo Muro, Anuradha Ray, David H. Eidelman, Eleanor Minshall, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
A Community-Wide Streptococcal Control Project
Authors: Brendan Phibbs
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A unique, legally enforced, mass-culture program for detection and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis has been in effect in Natrona County, Wyoming, since 1954. To evaluate the impact of such a program on the streptococcal milieu, the Streptococcal Disease Section, Ecological Investigations Division, Public Health Service, studied a randomized sample of the children under surveillance. The study revealed an extremely low total streptococcal isolation rate (1.8%), as well as antibody levels consistent with a low level of streptococcal infection. The percentage of students with group A antibody was half that of comparable groups in the region; type-specific antibody titers against six streptococcal types revealed values significantly lower than in uncontrolled schoolchild groups in the Rocky Mountain region. The control measures appear to have altered the streptococcal milieu in a favorable manner.
Quality of Life in Spinal Cord Injury Patients with Urinary Difficulties
Authors: P. Costa, P. Costa, B. Perrouin-Verbe, B. Perrouin-Verbe, A. Colvez, A. Colvez, J.P. Didier, J.P. Didier, P. Marquis, P. Marquis, A. Marrel, A. Marrel, G. Amarenco, G. Amarenco, B. Espirac, B. Espirac, A. Leriche, A. Leriche
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Caution: The Phadia hazelnut ImmunoCAP (f17) has been supplemented with recombinant Cor a 1 and now detects Bet v 1–specific IgE, which leads to elevated values for persons with birch pollen allergy
Authors: Scott H. Sicherer, Gitika Dhillon, Katie A. Laughery, Robert G. Hamilton, Robert A. Wood
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
BRAIN SPECT FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH MEMORY LOSS SECONDARY TO MODERATE TO SEVERE CLOSED HEAD INJURY (CHI)
Authors: B. J. Barron, M. Hovsepian, L. M. Lamki, Z. Kalisky, J. Cassldy, T. Freeman, R. Lilly, N. Patel, M. Walker, P. Plenger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Barron, B. J.; Hovsepian, M.; Lamki, L. M.; Kalisky, Z.; Cassldy, J.; Freeman, T.; Lilly, R.; Patel, N.; Walker, M.; Plenger, P. Author Information
Importance of adenosine triphosphate in phospholipase A2-induced rabbit renal proximal tubule cell injury.
Authors: V D Nguyen, D A Cieslinski, H D Humes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The pathogenesis of ischemic renal tubular cell injury involves a complex interaction of different processes, including membrane phospholipid alterations and depletion of high-energy phosphate stores. To assess the role of membrane phospholipid changes due to activation of phospholipases in renal tubule cell injury, suspensions enriched in rabbit renal proximal tubule segments were incubated with exogenous phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Exogenous PLA2 did not produce any significant change in various metabolic parameters reflective of cell injury in control nonhypoxic preparations despite a significant decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and moderate increases in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). In contrast, exogenous PLA2 treatment of hypoxic tubules resulted in a severe degree of cell injury, as demonstrated by marked declines in tubule K+ and ATP contents and significant decreases in tubule uncoupled respiratory rates, and was associated with significant phospholipid alterations, including marked declines in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PE and significant rises in LPC, LPE, and free fatty acids (FFA). The injurious metabolic effects of exogenous PLA2 on hypoxic tubules were reversed by addition of ATP-MgCl2 to the tubules. The protective effect of ATP-MgCl2 was associated with increases in tubule PC and PE contents and declines in LPC, LPE, and FFA contents. These experiments thus indicate that an increase in exogenous PLA2 activity produces renal proximal tubule cell injury when cell ATP levels decline, at which point phospholipid resynthesis cannot keep pace with phospholipid degradation with resulting depletion of phospholipids and accumulation of lipid by-products. High-energy phosphate store depletion appears to be an important condition for exogenous PLA2 activity to induce renal tubule cell injury.
Guaifenesin Effects on the Guaiac Test for Occult Blood
Authors: James R. Brown, Timothy H. Self, William J. Taylor, W. Wayne Stargel, Richard L. Boswell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IT HAS been stated that guaifenesin will give a positive guaiac reaction.<sup>1</sup>Although Ogburn and Craner<sup>2</sup>disputed this claim, inadequate data were presented. We have investigated the effect of guaifenesin on the stool guaiac test in 31 healthy volunteers. <h3>Subjects and Methods</h3> All subjects in this study were selected on the basis of a negative stool guaiac test in a control situation 24 hours prior to the study. There were no smokers in the population investigated. Volunteers with a history of any underlying gastrointestinal pathologic conditions (eg, ulceration, gastritis, carcinoma) were not allowed to participate. Subjects were instructed to maintain a normal diet but not to partake of rare or raw meat, alcohol, or other drugs seven days prior to and during the study. The study population consisted of three women and 28 men between the ages of 22 and 31 years. An explanation of the nature of
Abstract 99: The caBIG® life sciences distribution: Integrative tools to support translational research
Authors: Mervi A. Heiskanen, Juli Klemm, Rakesh Nagarajan, Mukesh Sharma, Chandrakant Talele, Stephen Goldstein, Chris Piepenbring, Shine Jacob, Eric Tavela, John P. Marple, Ian Fore, Timothy J. Andrews, Ngoc Nguyen, Aris Floratos, Anand Basu, Leslie Derr
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid® (caBIG®) is a collaborative network designed to accelerate the translation of discoveries from research to clinical care. This extensible informatics platform integrates diverse data types and supports interoperable software tools in the areas of clinical sciences, biospecimen management, imaging, and basic research. The Life Sciences Distribution (LSD) product bundle brings together a range of tools that support translational research, all connected via grid network technology. Tools included in the bundle support management and annotation of microarray data (caArray), biospecimens (caTissue Suite), imaging data (NBIA), clinical data (CTODS) and genome-wide association studies (caGWAS). LSD also includes integrative tools that allow scientist to search data across different data repositories connected to the grid, and analyze and integrate these data across different data types. geWorkbench supports integrative analysis and visualization of expression data, sequences, pathways and protein structures. cancer Bench-to-Bedside (caB2B) allows end-users to search biospecimens, images and array data across the grid and makes it possible to execute queries such as: “Are there any gene expression microarray data available from patients with Stage III lung cancer and are there corresponding in vivo images available for the affected patients?” Such a query would potentially span information federated across several instances of caArray, caTissue, and NBIA around the world. caIntegrator2 allows researchers to set up study specific custom web portals that bring together heterogeneous clinical, microarray and in vivo imaging data. This tool provides a graphical user interface to allow a study author to “point” to data of interest in systems on the grid and to then bring that data (or pointers to it, in the case of images) into the data warehouse. Once this information is in the caIntegrator2 environment, end user scientists can then run advanced queries, perform correlative outcomes analysis using Kaplan-Meier survival plots, and access analysis and visualization tools on and off the grid. All tools in the LSD are open source and community members are encouraged to participate and contribute. More information on the LSD suite of products, including installation packages, user and installation guides, and links to exemplar installations can be found at https://cabig.nci.nih.gov/adopt/LSD/ Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 99.
Albuminuria in Service Recruits
Authors: F. S. Fowweather
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Stomatitis; pigmentation -Died during treatment 7 ,, ,, 7,500,, Marked Rash 3 weeks size of lymph nodes and spleen.In one of these patients improvement has been maintained up to the present, a period of three months.Two other patients showed slight improvement, with some reduction in the size of lymphatic glands and temporary disappearance of fever.Three cases showed no response to the drug; but two of these patients died of their disease before completing the course of treat- ment, and therefore did not really afford an adequate trial for the drug.Where improvement occurred it was slow, and reduction of fever appeared only after a week or more.Toxic Effects.-(a)Thrombocytopenia: The most serious side-effect noticed was thrombocytopenia.This occurred in two patients; the details are summarized in Table II.In Case 2 a retroperitoneal haemorrhage required laparotomy TABLE II.-Cases in Which Thrombocytopenia Occurred C Platelet Count Total Lowest Platelet Count Caae before Dose of Platelet after 1 Week o.Treatment Actinomycin C Count on
The transcriptional program controlled by the stem cell leukemia gene Scl/Tal1 during early embryonic hematopoietic development
Authors: Nicola K. Wilson, Diego Miranda-Saavedra, Sarah Kinston, Nicolas Bonadies, Samuel D. Foster, Fernando Calero-Nieto, Mark A. Dawson, Ian J. Donaldson, Stephanie Dumon, Jonathan Frampton, Rekin's Janky, Xiao-Hong Sun, Sarah A. Teichmann, Andrew J. Bannister, Berthold Göttgens
Journal: Blood (2009)
Inquiry into London NHS calls for new strategic health authority to plan and commission services
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An inquiry into the state of the NHS in London has warned that services are “unravelling” as the NHS becomes more fragmented and financially squeezed and that the lack of strategic management oversight in the capital means that the situation is difficult to tackle.

The People’s Inquiry into London’s NHS took evidence from public health professionals and managers over three months and has made 18 recommendations for tackling the NHS’s problems in London, many of which were not unique to the capital, it said. Its report was launched at the House of Commons on Thursday 20 March.1

Speaking at the launch, the commentator on health Roy Lilley, who chaired the inquiry, said, “I was just frankly horrified at the fractured state of London’s NHS. The difficulty there is for there to be any strategic oversight in planning change in a time of change. I was horrified too by the …
Emergency-Room Care
Authors: J. Cuthbert Owens
Journal: JAMA (1968)

As a guide to current emergency-room practice, the book is intended for professional personnel working in an area which has been rapidly undergoing significant changes. The first chapter discusses the changing concepts in emergency-room care and what is required for planning and operation of the unit. The importance of patient care is emphasized. If this well written section could have been thoroughly digested by some of the contributing authors before they wrote their assignments, many of the later weaknesses might have been avoided. There are many questionable recommendations for emergency-room procedures. These include the handling of respiratory problems, crushed chest, general anesthesia, skin grafts, "minor" tendon repair, and some of the more sophisticated orthopedic techniques. Some of the procedures are not generally acceptable emergency-room practices —several of which need operating room attention. The chapters are not arranged according to priorities of emergency medical care. Thus, in the book, wound management