tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for treating endometriosis with aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Serdar E. Bulun, Khaled M. Zeitoun, Kazuto Takayama, Hironobu Sasano
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Although treatment of one unusually aggressive case of postmenopausal endometriosis with an aromatase inhibitor has been strikingly successful, large clinical trials are required to establish whether aromatase inhibitors will have a significant role in the medical management of endometriosis. Introduction of aromatase inhibitors into the treatment of endometriosis underscores the importance of basic research leading to the development of novel strategies in reproductive disorders. It was shown earlier that aromatase activity was not detectable in normal endometrium. Aromatase, however, is expressed inappropriately in endometriosis and stimulated by prostaglandin E2. Aromatase activity gives rise to local biosynthesis of oestrogen, which, in turn, stimulates prostaglandin E2 production, thus establishing a positive feedback cycle. This favours accumulation of oestrogen and prostaglandins in endometriosis, which is an inflammatory disorder dependent on oestrogen for growth.
Magnesium Administration and Dysrhythmias After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Michael R. England
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine whether magnesium administration is effective in reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.A tertiary acute-care 500-bed university teaching hospital.Over a 6-month period, 100 patients electively scheduled for cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass were studied.Fifty patients were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of magnesium chloride, 2 g, and 50 patients received placebo intraoperatively after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass.Magnesium-treated patients had a significantly decreased frequency (P < .04) of postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias (eight [16%] of 50) compared with placebo-treated patients (17 [34%] of 50). Patients who were normomagnesemic postoperatively had new supraventricular dysrhythmias less frequently (P < .03) than patients who were hypomagnesemic postoperatively (eight [17%] of 48 vs 19 [37%] of 52). Compared with placebo-treated patients, magnesium-treated patients had significantly higher (P < .02) postoperative cardiac indices in the intensive care unit (2.8 +/- 0.1 vs 2.5 +/- 0.1 L/min per m2). Patients with postoperative total and ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia had postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias (P < .04) and required prolonged mechanical ventilatory support (P < .01) more frequently than patients without postoperative hypomagnesemia.Total and ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia are prevalent findings in cardiac surgery patients, and postoperative hypomagnesemia is strongly associated with clinically important morbidity. Magnesium administration decreased the frequency of postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias and increased the stroke volume and thereby cardiac index in the early postoperative period.
Results of conservative management of internal haemorrhoids.
Authors: C. G. Clark, G. R. Giles, J. C. Goligher
Journal: BMJ (1967)

tion the two large wards in which most of my cases of accident and of operation are treated were among the unhealthiest in the whole surgical division of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, in consequence apparently of those wards being unfavourably placed with reference to the supply of fresh air ; and I have felt ashamed when recording the results of my practice to have so often to allude to hospital gangrene or pyaemia. It was interesting, though melancholy, to observe that whenever all or nearly all the beds contained cases with open sores, these grievous complications were pretty sure to show themselves ; so that I came to welcome simple fractures, though in them selves of little interest either for myself or the students, because their presence diminished the proportion of open sores among the patients. But since the antiseptic treatment has been brought into full operation, and wounds and abscesses no longer poison the atmosphere with putrid exhalations, my wards, though in other respects under precisely the same circumstances as before, have completely changed their character ; so that during the last nine months not a single instance of pyaemia, hospital gangrene or erysipelas has occurred in them. As there appears to be no doubt regarding the cause of this change, the importance of the fact can hardly be exaggerated.
Fifty Years of Progress as Shown by Vital Statistics
Authors: P. Stocks
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The Registrar-General's Annual Report for 1898 tells us that in a population of about 31+ millions in England and Wales there occurred 552,141 deaths, of which 86,755 were attributed to " zymotic " diseases.Fifty years later, in 1948, the population had increased by 12 millions but the number of deaths was actually smaller by 82,243, giving a crude death rate of 10.8 per 1,000 compared with 17.6.The group of diseases called " zymotic " in 1898 produced only 7,490 deaths in 1948, and their contribution to the total death rate fell from 2.76 per 1,000 living to 0.17, or one-sixteenth of its value 50 years before.From all other causes the total deaths were almost the same in the two years despite the great increase in population. Indices of ProgressCrude death rates have ceased to be reliable indices of the improvement in healthiness of the people since the first world war, the reason being that the cumulative effect of falling births and declining death rates among young people began to produce a rapid rise in the proportion of elderly people in the population.In 1901 the number of persons aged 65 and over in each thousaiid was 47, and in 1921 it was 60, but by 1947 it had increased to 105; and since the old necessarily die at a niuch greater rate than the young this has had the effect of keeping the crude death rate at all ages almost constant at about 12.2 notwithstanding a progressive fall in death rates at every age.The comparative mortality index, which corrects for changes in the population structure and expresses mortality in terms of that in 1938 as unit, gives the best general indication by a single figure of the effects of hygienic and therapeutic advances in keeping people alive longer.These indices are shown in Table I, together with the infant mortality rate and death rates at ages 5-10 and 55-65.
90m package to improve dementia care is announced in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

NHS England has announced a £90m (€109m; $151m) package in an effort to meet the prime minister’s challenge to give a diagnosis to two thirds of people with dementia by March 2015.

NHS England said that it would target those local areas where it can take as long as 25 weeks to carry out diagnostic assessments for dementia, to bring them up to the level of the best performing areas, where it takes an average of six weeks.

In March 2012 David Cameron issued a “dementia challenge,” which called for the United Kingdom to become a world leader in dementia care.\[1\] \[2\] He said then that only 42% of people with dementia had a formal …
Acute arterial hypertension during spontaneous angina in patients with fixed coronary stenosis and exertional angina: an associated rather than a triggering phenomenon.
Authors: J Figueras, J Cinca
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The role of systemic arterial hypertension as a possible trigger of myocardial ischemia during angina at rest was studied in 13 consecutive patients who also had a history of exertional angina. Significant (greater than or equal to 70%) stenosis of at least one major vessel was present in each of the 10 patients in whom coronary arteriography was carried out. After documentation of the electrocardiographic and arterial blood pressure changes during two or more episodes of resting angina, i.v. methoxamine was infused under continuous monitoring of the ECG, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. The heart rate was maintained either spontaneously or by atrial pacing to levels similar to those during angina at rest. Despite increases in arterial blood pressure and the double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) to levels higher than those during spontaneous angina in all patients, no chest pain or electrocardiographic changes occurred in nine patients. In the other four patients, however, angina supervened. Three of these four patients, but only one of the remaining nine, had a borderline or elevated pulmonary artery diastolic pressure at rest. We conclude that in a considerable number of patients with "nonvariant" resting angina, acute increases in arterial blood pressure during the spontaneous attacks are not likely to be the cause of myocardial ischemia. Nevertheless, in some of these patients, increases in resting pulmonary artery diastolic pressure may favor the development of ischemia during afterload augmentation.
Abstract 1751: A phase I study of lenalidomide in combination with bevacizumab, sorafenib, temsirolimus, or 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in patients with advanced cancers
Authors: Ishwaria M. Subbiah, Razelle Kurzrock, Aung Naing, Sarina Piha-Paul, Gerald S. Falchook, David S. Hong, Jennifer J. Wheler, Siqing Fu, Shell Laday, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Patients with advanced cancer have limited therapeutic options. We conducted an investigator-initiated 4-arm phase I study of lenalidomide (len) combined with bevacizumab (bev), sorafenib (soraf), temsirolimus (tem), or 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in patients with advanced cancers. Patients and Methods: Patients were treated with escalating doses of len (5, 10, 20 mg daily) combined with bev (5, 7.5, 10 mg/m2 on days 1, 15); soraf (200, 400mg daily); tem (15, 20, 25mg on days 1, 8, 15, 22); or FOLFOX (oxaliplatin 65, 85 mg/m2 on day 1). The escalation phase (“3+3”) was followed by an expansion phase per arm. Response was assessed by RECIST v.1. Patients were to receive enoxaparin prophylaxis. Results: Overall, 101 patients were enrolled; and 59 were treated in the dose escalation phase (4 arms) and are included in this analysis (169 cycles to date). Diagnoses were colorectal cancer (n=19), sarcoma (n=5), ovarian (n=4), lung (n=3), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=3), melanoma (n=4), neuroendocrine (n=2), prostate (n=2) and other (n=17). The median number of cycles/patient was 2 (range, 1-10). Pretreatment characteristics and outcomes are shown in Table. Two DLTs were noted: Grade 3 transient ischemic attack (TIA) while on enoxaparin in the len + FOLFOX arm and Grade 3 acute renal failure (ARF) in the len + tem arm. Three pts (two on enoxaparin prophylaxis and one not) had venous thrombosis while on study. Fifteen of 59 (25%) pts had prolonged stable disease (SD) for &amp;gt; 4 months, including 7 (12%) for &amp;gt; 6 mos. The len+soraf and len+tem arms have reached the maximum dose level tested; currently, expansion phase). The lev+bev and len+FOLFOX arms are in the dose escalation phase. Conclusion: Lenalidomide combined with bev, soraf, tem or FOLFOX is well tolerated and it is associatd with antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. Anticoagulation phophylaxis is needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1751. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1751
Psychological Distress and Surveillance Behaviors of Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kathryn M. Kash, Jimmie C. Holland, Marilyn S. Halper, Daniel G. Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Psychological Distress and Surveillance Behaviors of Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer Get access Kathryn M. Kash, Kathryn M. Kash Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jimmie C. Holland, Jimmie C. Holland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marilyn S. Halper, Marilyn S. Halper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel G. Miller Daniel G. Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 24–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.1.24 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 03 September 1991 Accepted: 21 October 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
ANGINA AND MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMPROVE IN WOMEN WITH CORONARY MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AT 1 YEAR FOLLOW-UP: A REPORT FROM THE WOMEN’S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION
Authors: Janet Wei, Louise Thomson, John Petersen, Puja Mehta, Xiao Zhang, May Bakir, Erika Jones, Chrisandra Shufelt, Andre Rogatko, Daniel Berman, Sheryl Kelsey, George Sopko, Carl Pepine, Eileen Handberg, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Pediatric Dentistry for the Child with Hemophilia
Authors: Clifford J. Steinle, C. Thomas Kisker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE total care for the child with hemophilia must be an interdisciplinary one. This interdisciplinary approach must include the management of dental problems. With communication and co-operation between physician and dentist, most dental procedures can be managed with a minimum of hospitalization. The methods to be presented have been tested and found effective in management of the dental problems of the 56 children with hemophilia currently enrolled in the Hemophilia Project at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital. These children have factor IX or VIII deficiency, and have either severe (less than 2 per cent of normal factor) or moderately severe (2 . . .
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endotoxemic rat hepatocytes is dependent on the cellular glutathione status
Authors: Thera A. Vos, Harry van Goor, Leonore Tuyt, Alie de Jager-Krikken, Ron Leuvenink, Folkert Kuipers, Peter L. Jansen, Han Moshage
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter contains nuclear factor κB (NF–κB) binding sites. NF–κB activation is determined, in part, by the intracellular redox status. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the cellular glutathione status in relation to NF–κB activation and iNOS expression in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro . For in vivo experiments, rats were injected with endotoxin and sacrificed 6 hours later. Glutathione was depleted by diethylmaleate. For in vitro experiments, cultured hepatocytes from untreated rats were exposed to a cytokine mixture. Glutathione levels were depleted by diethylmaleate and restored by N–acetylcysteine. iNOS expression was assessed by Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and immunohistochemistry. NF–κB binding was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Endotoxin–induced iNOS expression in rat liver was prominent in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and inflammatory cells, in particular neutrophils. Glutathione depletion prevented iNOS induction in hepatocytes, but not in inflammatory cells. iNOS protein levels were in accordance with iNOS messenger RNA and NO metabolites in plasma. Glutathione depletion did not affect neutrophil infiltration. Cytokines strongly induced iNOS in cultured hepatocytes. Induction was prevented by glutathione depletion and could be restored by addition of N–acetylcysteine. NF–κB binding correlated with iNOS induction. In conclusion, in this study we show that iNOS induction in hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro is dependent on the intracellular glutathione status and correlates with NF–κB binding. Glutathione–depletion has no effect on the expression of iNOS in inflammatory cells, nor on neutrophil infiltration
Pacemaker in 92-Year-Old Patient
Authors: Bernard Colokathis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In February 1971, we implanted a permanent cardiac pacemaker in a 92-year-old patient with heart block. She was allowed to return home on the ninth postoperative day. To this writing she has been up and about and has presented no unusual problems for someone her age. We feel this is a matter of general interest. We can find no documentation in the literature that a patient this age has had a permanent pacemaker implanted and returned to full activity. It is equally notable that even in a patient of very advanced years gratifying therapeutic results may be obtained. We know that many physicians have had similar results with the aging. We wish to share our experience with them.
If I had . . .
Authors: J P Downs
Journal: BMJ (1978)

field in an ovulatory mucus with a spinnbar- keit of more than 6 cm has been shown to have statistically significant correlation with a median sperm count of over 28 million/ml,3 and thus a positive test is of great value itself.However, lesser degrees of positivity and even negative postcoital tests are of value only when they have been repeatedly shown to be so at the time of presumptive ovulation and steps have been taken to confirm the validity of this timing.Only then are negative postcoital tests indicative of abnormality.Single and isolated tests without ancillary information are thus merely indications for further investiga- tions of the infertile couple into the multifactorial factors which are potentially related to their inability to conceive.
Circulating Antibodies in Sarcoidosis
Authors: R. Greenwood, H. Smellie, M. Barr, A. C. Cunliffe
Journal: BMJ (1958)

URINARY CALCULI BcsoAll patients with calcium / creatinine urine ratios about 0.3 were found to have hypercalciuria when 24-hour calcium excretion studies were carried out.This observation means that the calcium/creatinine urine ratio is an effective screening test.Some of the patients also had high phosphate/ creatinine urine ratios; but this alone does not indicate hyperphosphaturia, as some of the creatinine clearances were abnormal.Calcium infusion tests carried out on five patients with hypercalciuria and raised calcium /creatinine urine ratios were not helpful: no regular pattern of serum phosphate and urine phosphate excretion was noted and the obser- vations reported by Howard et al. (1953) could not be con- firmed.Intermittent hypercalciuria was observed in some patients, and it is possible that this phenomenon represents inter- mittent parathyroid activity: further studies to explore this possibility are in progress. SummaryThe metabolism of calcium and phosphate has been investigated in 85 patients who had urinary calculi: the investigations were made after urological treatment had been completed.There was evidence to suggest disordered calcium metabolism in six, disordered phosphate metabolism in five, and parathyroid dysplasia in four.When the calcium/creatinine urine ratios, calculated from values derived from simple out-patient tests, were found to be greater than 0.3, hypercalciuria was invari- ably found when the patients were studied as in-patients and the 24-hour urine reactions were determined.Abnormal calcium/creatinine ratios were observed in 11 patients.Intermittent hypercalciuria was found in five cases.I am indebted to Professor I.
Sex Differences in Extrastriatal Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>-Like Receptors in the Human Brain
Authors: Valtteri Kaasinen, Kjell Någren, Jarmo Hietala, Lars Farde, Juha O. Rinne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The study examined gender differences in extrastriatal dopamine D2-like receptor levels in the human brain in vivo. METHOD: [11C]FLB 457, a high-affinity radioligand for extrastriatal D2-like receptors, and a three-dimensional positron emission tomography system were used to measure D2-like receptor binding potentials in frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and thalamus in 12 healthy men and 12 healthy women. RESULTS: Women had higher D2-like receptor binding potentials than men in the three brain regions studied, and the difference in the frontal cortex was statistically significant. In a more detailed regional analysis, the difference between the sexes was most pronounced for the left and right anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vivo evidence for a gender difference in dopamine D2-like receptor levels, which could be reflected in gender-associated differences in clinical disorders linked to the dopamine system.
Azoospermia after iodine-131 treatment for thyroid carcinoma.
Authors: D J Handelsman, A J Conway, P E Donnelly, J R Turtle
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Azoospermia after iodine-131 treatment for thyroid carcinoma Male infertility from gonadal damage caused by irradiation and cyto- toxic chemotherapy is seldom reversible,' 2 and therapeutic strategies include cryostorage of semen, gonadal shielding, and surgical oophoro- pexy.Thyroid carcinoma may occur at any age,3 and operation, thyroxine suppression, and treatment with radioiodine (13"I) usually result in long-term survival.The efficacy and safety of 131I are well established, though leukaemia, marrow depression, and radiation pneumonitis are rare complications.3Infertility after 131I for carcinoma of the thyroid has not been reported.
Echocardiographic demonstration of decreased left ventricular dimensions and vigorous myocardial contraction during syncope induced by head-up tilt
Authors: Yoseph Shalev, Rami Gal, Patrick J. Tchou, Alfred J. Anderson, Boaz Avitall, Masood Akhtar, Mohammad R. Jazayeri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
A Survey of Cognitive Functioning at Different Glucose Levels in Diabetic Persons
Authors: Clarissa Smith Holmes, John T Hayford, Jose L Gonzalez, Joy A Weydert
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Cognitive functioning was assessed in diabetic patients during hypoglycemia (60 mg/dl), euglycemia/ control (110 mg/dl), and hyperglycemia (300 mg/dl). Blood glucose levels were set and maintained to within 4% of targeted levels by an artificial insulin/glucose infusion system (Biostator). Attention and fine motor skills, assessedby visual reaction time, was slowed at altered glucose levels. Performance was less impaired during hyperglycemia than hypoglycemia when a longer interstimulus interval was used,although it was still slower than normal. The time required to solve simple addition problems was increased during hypoglycemia, although reading comprehension was not affected. The possibility that some automatic brain skills are disrupted at altered glucose concentrations is discussed, while associative or inferential skills may be less affected.