tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Possibly Arthropod-Borne
Authors: MARTIN J. BLASER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Possibly Arthropod-BorneMARTIN J. BLASER, M.D.MARTIN J. BLASER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-877_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Moses and Moses (1), having surveyed lifestyles and medical practices in rural Haiti, were not able to implicate a mode of transmission or predisposition to development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Examination of epidemiologic considerations may offer an explanation of transmission. In the United States, this syndrome primarily involves sexually active male homosexuals, hemophiliacs, recipients of blood products, and intravenous drug abusers. This pattern strongly suggests that, similar to transmission of hepatitis B, transmission of the syndrome is via blood or other secretions. Worldwide, infectious agents with this pattern are primarily spread via vertical, venereal, or vector-borne...References1. MOSESMOSES PJ. Haiti and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:565. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CLUMECKMASCART-LEMONEDE MAUBEUGEBRENEZMARCELIS NFJDL. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Black Africans. Lancet. 1983;1:642. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JONCASDELAGECHADLAPOINTE JGZN. Acquired (or congenital) immunodeficiency syndrome in infants born of Haitian mothers. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:842. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HUTT M. Malignant disease in the tropics. Practitioner. 1964;193:175-82. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. WILLIAMSWILLIAMS EP. A note on an apparent similarity in distribution of onchocerciasis, femoral hernia and Kaposi's sarcoma in the West Nile District of Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1966;43:208-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. BLATTNERBLAYNEYROBERT-GUROFF WDM. Epidemiology of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. J Infect Dis. 1983;157:406-16. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center 1055 Clermont Street; Denver, CO 80220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRetrovirus (HIV). 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 877-877KeywordsAIDSAddictsBloodEpidemiologyHepatitis BHomosexuals Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interaction between baseline and early worsening of renal function and efficacy of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade in patients with heart failure: insights from the Val‐HeFT study
Authors: Anastasia Lesogor, Jay N. Cohn, Roberto Latini, Gianni Tognoni, Henry Krum, Barry Massie, Andrew Zalewski, Albert Kandra, Tsushung A. Hua, Claudio Gimpelewicz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Identification of a hepatitis C virus–reactive T cell receptor that does not require CD8 for target cell recognition
Authors: Glenda G. Callender, Hugo R. Rosen, Jeffrey J. Roszkowski, Gretchen E. Lyons, Mingli Li, Tamson Moore, Natasha Brasic, Mark D. McKee, Michael I. Nishimura
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported to elicit B and T cell immunity in infected patients. Despite the presence of antiviral immunity, many patients develop chronic infections leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure that can require transplantation. We have previously described the presence of HLA-A2-restricted, HCV NS3-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the blood of HLA-A2- liver transplantation patients that received an HLA-A2+ liver allograft. These T cells are analogous to the "allospecific" T cells that have been described in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. It has been speculated that allospecific T cells express high-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs). To determine if our HCV-reactive T cells expressed TCRs with relatively high affinity for antigen, we identified and cloned a TCR from an allospecific HLA-A2-restricted, HCV:NS3:1406-1415-reactive CD8+ T cell clone and expressed this HCV TCR in Jurkat cells. Tetramer binding to HCV TCR-transduced Jurkat cells required CD8 expression, whereas antigen recognition did not. In conclusion, based on the reactivity of the TCR-transduced Jurkat cells, we have identified a TCR that transfers anti-HCV reactivity to alternate effectors. These data suggest this high affinity HCV-specific TCR might have potential new immunotherapic implications.
The Heart in Industry
Authors: Lemuel C. McGee
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This book is intended to supplement standard texts on cardiology through special consideration of "the effects of heart disease on a worker and his capacity to continue working, the effects of his work on the course of his heart disease, and the problems presented by the cardiac worker to his employer and to industry." It is an excellent compendium of experience, current beliefs, and uncertainties in the designated relationships. The subject matter of the various chapters is dealt with by men of knowledge and experience. Of particular interest are the chapters on physiological effect of work on the heart, detection and evaluation of heart disease in industry, selective placement of the cardiac, vocational rehabilitation of cardiacs, cardiovascular effects of toxic exposure, and the role of the industrial physician. Whereas the incidence of rheumatic heart disease and syphilitic heart disease has been falling, there has been a continuing rise in the
Obesity and Mental Health
Authors: John R. Pfrommer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is depressing to contemplate a so-called scientific article whose conclusions are based on measurements that were not actually made. That was my reaction after reading, "Obesity, Social Class, and Mental Illnesss," by Moore et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>181</b>:962 [Sept 15] 1962). As a member of the staff of a large military hospital where several thousand routine physical examinations are accomplished every year, I have often been impressed by the great difference between what some people seem to think they weigh and their actual weights. Only the naive could assume that all 1,660 people interviewed as part of the Midtown Manhattan Study knew their heights and weights, or, if indeed they did know them, reported them accurately. It is specious to argue that failure to weigh the subjects of this study somehow permits greater confidence in findings of the study. If the inferences suggested by the article
REAL WORLD DISCONTINUATION RATES WITH APIXABAN VERSUS WARFARIN, DABIGATRAN, OR RIVAROXABAN AMONG ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS NEWLY INITIATED ON ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY: EARLY FINDINGS
Authors: Xianying Pan, Sumesh Kachroo, Xianchen Liu, Hugh Kawabata, Hemant Phatak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Telecommunications and Rural Health Communities
Authors: Joseph V. Scaletti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Editorials1 March 1995Telecommunications and Rural Health CommunitiesJoseph V. Scaletti, PhDJoseph V. Scaletti, PhDUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5641Disclaimer: The views expressed in this editorial are solely those of the author.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-5-199503010-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Four years ago, the University of New Mexico School of Medicine initiated a rural health community-based education curriculum for interdisciplinary teams of health professional students. The teams comprised students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and various allied health sciences, including physical therapy, respiratory therapy, dental hygiene, mental health, and social work.The students were assigned to a rural community for 2 months to continue studies with community preceptors and tutors. During this time, the students and clinical rural preceptors were equipped with desktop computers and modems and provided with telecommunication linkage so that they could access electronic mail, computer-aided instructional materials, ...References1. Kaufman A, Mennin S, Waterman R, et al. The New Mexico experiment: educational innovation and institutional change. Acad Med. 1989; 64:285-94. Google Scholar2. American College of Physicians. Rural primary care. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:380-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5641Disclaimer: The views expressed in this editorial are solely those of the author.Corresponding Author: Joseph V. Scaletti, PhD, Department of Microbiology, Health Sciences and Services Building, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5641.Grant Support: Supported in part by grant 2 D36 AH 1600-04 from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRural Primary Care Metrics Cited ByPhysicians for Rural America: The Role of Institutional Commitment Within Academic Medical CentersEducating Generalist Physicians for Rural Practice: How Are We Doing?Telecommunications and Rural Health Care 1 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 5Page: 379KeywordsCommunication in health careComputersHealth careHealth care providersHealth information technologyLibrariesMental health therapiesPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary careSoftware tools Issue Published: 1 March 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
EDUCATIONAL WORK IN REDUCING INFANT MORTALITY
Authors: WILBUR C. PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Step by step as we descend from the level of the extreme rich to that of the extreme poor, we find conditions increasing which militate against the live of little ones. Where people are poorest, and where the scantiest means are found to combat evils which threaten, there invariably we find the darkest tenements, the narrowest and foulest streets, the lowest standards of living and the greatest ignorance. In consequence the death-rate among infants, as all persons know who work in these localities, is appalling. Especially in the summer, the babies literally die like flies. The fear of something terrible hangs like the sword of Damocles over the frightened, ignorant, and too often superstitious mother. Why does the baby die? The mother does not know. She knows only that her baby is vomiting and lying almost lifeless in their arms, and that at any moment it may follow where the
Antibiotic induced fatigue.
Authors: J F Bergmann, O Chassany, S M Consoli, E Buteau, H Bendjenana, F Le Mercier, J M Segrestaa, C Caulin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Although the present results indicate a possible occupational cause of prostatic cancer, this had little effect on the overall health of the atomic energy authority's workforce.Exposure to the radionuclides associated with prostatic cancer was uncommon: only 3% of the controls in this study had known contamination and 11% had worked in places where contamination might have occurred.Fourteen men with known contamination and 28 who had worked in places where contamination might have occurred developed prostatic cancer in the 41 years from 1946 to 1986.During the same period 5509 deaths were reported in the authority's cohort study, and the total death rate was 22% below the national average.'
Endothelial-Specific Deletion of Connexin40 Promotes Atherosclerosis by Increasing CD73-Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion
Authors: C.E. Chadjichristos, K.E.L. Scheckenbach, T.A.B. van Veen, M.Z. Richani Sarieddine, C. de Wit, Z. Yang, I. Roth, M. Bacchetta, H. Viswambharan, B. Foglia, T. Dudez, M.J.A. van Kempen, F.E.J. Coenjaerts, L. Miquerol, U. Deutsch, H.J. Jongsma, M. Chanson, B.R. Kwak
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Endothelial dysfunction is the initiating event of atherosclerosis. The expression of connexin40 (Cx40), an endothelial gap junction protein, is decreased during atherogenesis. In the present report, we sought to determine whether Cx40 contributes to the development of the disease. Methods and Results— Mice with ubiquitous deletion of Cx40 are hypertensive, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Consequently, we generated atherosclerosis-susceptible mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Cx40 (Cx40del mice). Cx40del mice were indeed not hypertensive. The progression of atherosclerosis was increased in Cx40del mice after 5 and 10 weeks of a high-cholesterol diet, and spontaneous lesions were observed in the aortic sinuses of young mice without such a diet. These lesions showed monocyte infiltration into the intima, increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and decreased expression of the ecto-enzyme CD73 in the endothelium. The proinflammatory phenotype of Cx40del mice was confirmed in another model of induced leukocyte recruitment from the lung microcirculation. Endothelial CD73 is known to induce antiadhesion signaling via the production of adenosine. We found that reducing Cx40 expression in vitro with small interfering RNA or antisense decreased CD73 expression and activity and increased leukocyte adhesion to mouse endothelial cells. These effects were reversed by an adenosine receptor agonist. Conclusions— Cx40-mediated gap junctional communication contributes to a quiescent nonactivated endothelium by propagating adenosine-evoked antiinflammatory signals between endothelial cells. Alteration in this mechanism by targeting Cx40 promotes leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, thus accelerating atherosclerosis.
Local versus distributed: A poor taxonomy of neural coding strategies
Authors: Michael W. Spratling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Page is to be congratulated for challenging some misconceptions about neural representation. However, his target article, and the commentaries to it, highlight that the terms “local” and “distributed” are open to misinterpretation. These terms provide a poor description of neural coding strategies and a better taxonomy might resolve some of the issues.
Bolstering the FDA's Drug-Safety Authority
Authors: William B. Schultz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The modern era of drug development began with the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendments, which required that drugs be tested for efficacy as well as safety and gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to require sophisticated clinical trials before approving drugs.1 Today, we can be confident that an approved drug will be effective for its labeled uses. The same cannot be said of the drug's safety. At the time of approval, a drug has typically been tested in several thousand patients, in studies powered to identify only relatively common adverse reactions. For example, a study that includes 3000 . . .
Contribution of telomerase RNA retrotranscription to DNA double-strand break repair during mammalian genome evolution
Authors: Solomon G Nergadze, Marco Andrea Santagostino, Alberto Salzano, Chiara Mondello, Elena Giulotto
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background In vertebrates, tandem arrays of TTAGGG hexamers are present at both telomeres and intrachromosomal sites (interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs)). We previously showed that, in primates, ITSs were inserted during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and proposed that they could arise from either the capture of telomeric fragments or the action of telomerase. Results An extensive comparative analysis of two primate ( Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes ) and two rodent ( Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus ) genomes allowed us to describe organization and insertion mechanisms of all the informative ITSs present in the four species. Two novel observations support the hypothesis of telomerase involvement in ITS insertion: in a highly significant fraction of informative loci, the ITSs were introduced at break sites where a few nucleotides homologous to the telomeric hexamer were exposed; in the rodent genomes, complex ITS loci are present in which a retrotranscribed fragment of the telomerase RNA, far away from the canonical template, was inserted together with the telomeric repeats. Moreover, mutational analysis of the TTAGGG arrays in the different species suggests that they were inserted as exact telomeric hexamers, further supporting the participation of telomerase in ITS formation. Conclusion These results strongly suggest that telomerase was utilized, in some instances, for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks occurring in the genomes of rodents and primates during evolution. The presence, in the rodent genomes, of sequences retrotranscribed from the telomerase RNA strengthens the hypothesis of the origin of telomerase from an ancient retrotransposon.
Correlation of Breast Cancer Axillary Lymph Node Metastases With Stem Cell Mutations
Authors: Cory A. Donovan, Rodney F. Pommier, Robynn Schillace, Steven O’Neill, Patrick Muller, Jennifer L. Alabran, Juliana E. Hansen, Jennifer A. Murphy, Arpana M. Naik, John T. Vetto, SuEllen J. Pommier
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Mutations in oncogenes<i>AKT1</i>,<i>HRAS</i>, and<i>PIK3CA</i>in breast cancers result in abnormal PI3K/Akt signaling and tumor proliferation. They occur in ductal carcinoma in situ, in breast cancers, and in breast cancer stem and progenitor cells (BCSCs). <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine if variability in clinical presentation at diagnosis correlates with PI3K/Akt mutations in BCSCs and provides an early prognostic indicator of increased progression and metastatic potential. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Malignant (BCSCs) and benign stem cells were collected from fresh surgical specimens via cell sorting and tested for oncogene mutations in a university hospital surgical oncology research laboratory from 30 invasive ductal breast cancers (stages IA through IIIB). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Presence of<i>AKT1</i>,<i>HRAS</i>, and<i>PIK3CA</i>mutations in BCSCs and their correlation with tumor mutations, pathologic tumor stage, tumor histologic grade, tumor hormone receptor status, lymph node metastases, and patient age and condition at the last follow-up contact. <h3>Results</h3> Ten tumors had mutations in their BCSCs. In total, 9 tumors with BCSC mutations and 4 tumors with BCSCs without mutations had associated tumor present in the lymph nodes (<i>P</i> = .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Tumors in which BCSCs have defects in PI3K/Akt signaling are significantly more likely to manifest nodal metastases. These oncogenic defects may be missed by gross molecular testing of the tumor and are markers of more aggressive breast cancer. Molecular profiling of BCSCs may identify patients who would likely benefit from PI3K/Akt inhibitors, which are being tested in clinical trials.
COMBINED MOUTH GAG AND STOMACH TUBE PROTECTER.
Authors: LAURENCE M. HYNSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

While resident physician at the Emergency Hospital in this city several months ago and having occasion to use the stomach tube in a great number of emergency cases brought into the hospital suffering from the effects of poisonous substances (taken for suicidal intent and otherwise), acute alcoholism, indigestion, etc., and finding in many of these cases the use of the mouth gag unsatisfactory, inasmuch as it was with the greatest difficulty that one could retain the gag in position with obstreperous patients, I was led to devise a simple instrument or bobbin which has proved to be very effective and which has the double feature of being mouth gag and stomach tube protecter combined. I made and used a mouthpiece of hard wood, as shown in the accompanying diagram, for the first time Sept. 6, 1904, and on subsequent occasions to great advantage. It causes no laceration of lips, gums
Single-Payer Plan Gets Cautious Support
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

HORROR STORIES about "socialized" medicine are holding less sway as physicians weigh a single-payer health care system against the alternatives. Many physicians remain strongly opposed to a single-payer system, including the leadership of the American Medical Association. However, the AMA Board of Trustees recently met with US Rep Jim McDermott (D, Wash), sponsor of HR 1200, the leading single-payer bill in Congress. (McDermott explains that bill on pages 782-784.) Even more surprising are statements from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) that a single-payer system appears to be the best way to preserve patients' right to choose their own physicians. Testifying before the House Committee on Education and Labor, ACS board of regents chair David G. Murray, MD, said that single-payer approaches "probably provide the best assurances that patients would be able to seek care from any doctor of their choice. Moreover, single-payer approaches can probably be made more simple
A Brief History of the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals (1855–1955)
Authors: Henry J. Bakst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE history of an institution can never be more than the story of the people whose dedicated effort, loyalty and devotion give to bricks and mortar the intangible characteristics that create a personality. This account of the Massachusetts Memorial Hospitals during its first hundred years deals more with people and their achievements than with structural development because through them the character of the institution has emerged. Emphasis on their goals and accomplishments should aid in the rededication of another century to the all-important task of health service—a rededication that will involve continuing care of the sick, intensified effort to increase . . .
An accumulation of cytogenetic and molecular genetic events characterizes the progression from MDS to secondary AML: an analysis of 38 paired samples analyzed by cytogenetics, molecular mutation analysis and SNP microarray profiling
Authors: J Flach, F Dicker, S Schnittger, S Schindela, A Kohlmann, T Haferlach, W Kern, C Haferlach
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Surgery increases risk ofsporadic CJD
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Surgery could be the leading risk factor for the development of the sporadic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), suggests an Australian study showing that people who have had more than three operations are twice as likely to contract the disease as those who have had no surgery.

The finding comes from a study carried out by the Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry at the University …