tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of lysophosphatidylcholine in the inhibition of endothelial cell motility by oxidized low density lipoprotein.
Authors: G Murugesan, P L Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Endothelial cell (EC) movement is required for the development and repair of blood vessels. We have previously shown that LDL oxidized by transition metals almost completely suppressed the wound-healing migratory response of vascular EC in vitro. We now report that lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a lipid component of oxidized LDL, has an important role in the antimigratory activity of the lipoprotein. Purified 1-palmitoyl lysoPC inhibited movement with a half-maximal activity at 12-15 micrometers, and near complete inhibition at 20 micrometers; the inhibitory concentration of lysoPC was consistent with its abundance in oxidized LDL. The inhibition was not due to cytotoxicity since protein synthesis was unaffected and since EC movement was restored after removal of lysoPC. Lysophospholipid activity was dependent on lipid structure. LysoPC's containing 1-position C16 or C18 saturated fatty acids were antimigratory, but those containing C < or = 14 saturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids were not. The activity of 1-palmitoyl lysolipids with various head groups was examined. Lysophosphatidylinositol was more antimigratory than lysophosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine, which were more potent than lysophosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Monoglyceride was inactive while lysophosphatidate had promigratory activity. These results are consistent with head group size rather than charge as a critical determinant of activity. To show that lysophospholipids within an intact lipoprotein were active, LDL was treated with bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2). The modified lipoprotein inhibited EC movement to the same extent as iron-oxidized LDL and antimigratory activity correlated with the amount of lysoPC formed. To determine antimigratory activity of lysoPC present in oxidized LDL, lipid extracts from oxidized LDL were fractionated by normal phase HPLC. The fraction comigrating with lysoPC had nearly the same activity as the total extract confirming that lysoPC (or a co-eluting lipid) was a major antimigratory molecule in oxidized LDL. These studies demonstrate that lysoPC in oxidized LDL limit EC wound healing responses in vitro, and suggest a possible role for lysolipids in limiting endothelial regeneration after a denuding injury in vivo.
Renal Fibrosis With Failure Following Methoxyflurane
Authors: Antonio Boba
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Halpren et al (223: 1239, 1973) report two cases that, in their opinion, support the thesis of a two-stage renal failure following methoxyflurane therapy.  Closer review of the first history indicates that the anuric phase began about three days after abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. This time sequence alone would exclude methoxyflurane as the offending agent, since anuric failure following aneurysmectomy was well documented long before the existence of methoxyflurane, the cause being a combination of renal vasoconstriction and relative internal dehydration. It has been recommended that patients who are being subjected to abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy be adequately hydrated and that a sufficient urinary output be maintained with mannitol therapy. Up to 100 gm of mannitol may be necessary, and if this treatment is begun, then adequate urinary output is obtained and anuric renal failure is not observed. 1 The total fluid load that was administered is not specified,
Colloidal Silver Proteins Marketed as Health Supplements
Authors: Man C. Fung
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Silver compounds have been used as medicinals for centuries. 1 In the 19th century, colloidal silver proteins (CSPs) were promoted as cure-alls to prevent and treat diseases such as tetanus and rheumatism. In this century up until World War II, CSPs were widely used to treat colds and gonorrhea. However, in recent decades, the medicinal use of silver has been largely replaced by safer and more effective therapies.  Since 1990, interest has resurged in promoting CSP products as essential mineral supplements with multiple health claims (Roma Egli, FDA Nontraditional Drug Compliance Branch, written communication, February 1995). For example, advertising materials in health food stores promote CSP use in more than 650 different diseases. Colloidal silver proteins are being touted as powerful antimicrobials against viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes, Candida , and tuberculosis. The CSPs also have been advertised as an immune system
Efficacy of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues (SA) in Patients (PTS) with Highly Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP NETs)
Authors: Alla Markovich, Emelyanova Galina, Gorbunova Vera, Orel Nadezhda, Kuzminov Alexander, Odintsova Anastasia, Margaryan Armen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
No border control
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2009)

There’s only one thing more exhausting for me than putting in a full day in general practice, and that’s putting in a full day playing second violin with the European Doctors Orchestra (EDO) (www.europeandoctorsorchestra.com/music.htm). After two days of solid playing I can barely keep my eyes focused on the music in front of me. But then something magical happens, and by the start of the third and final day of rehearsals I break through an invisible barrier and find my second wind.

We’re in Poznan, Poland, and we’ve become well acquainted with the inside of …
Ethnicity and academic performance in the UK
Authors: A. Esmail
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To identify existing instruments for rating peers (professional colleagues) in medical practice and to evaluate them in terms of how they have been developed, their validity and reliability, and their appropriateness for use in clinical settings, including primary care. <b>Design</b> Systematic literature review. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic search techniques, snowball sampling, and correspondence with specialists. <b>Study selection</b> The peer assessment instruments identified were evaluated in terms of how they were developed and to what extent, if relevant, their psychometric properties had been determined. <b>Results</b> A search of six electronic databases identified 4566 possible articles. After appraisal of the abstracts and in depth assessment of 42 articles, three rating scales fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were fully appraised. The three instruments did not meet established standards of instrument development, as no reference was made to a theoretical framework and the published psychometric data omitted essential work on construct and criterion validity. Rater training was absent, and guidance consisted of short written instructions. Two instruments were developed for a hospital setting in the United States and one for a primary care setting in Canada. <b>Conclusions</b> The instruments developed to date for physicians to evaluate characteristics of colleagues need further assessment of validity before their widespread use is merited.
Evidence for distinct pathomechanisms in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma by quantitative expression analysis of cell cycle and apoptosis-associated genes
Authors: Christian Korz, Armin Pscherer, Axel Benner, Daniel Mertens, Claudia Schaffner, Elke Leupolt, Hartmut Döhner, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Peter Lichter
Journal: Blood (2002)
Role of nifedipine in treatment of hypertension.
Authors: M B Murphy, A J Scriven, C T Dollery
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The efficacy of nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension was assessed in 15 patients whose hypertension continued while being treated with atenolol 100 mg and bendrofluazide 5 mg daily. Nifedipine was added in doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg three times daily in a placebo controlled, double blind trial. One patient was withdrawn from the trial because of severe postural hypotension with the highest dose. Erect and supine blood pressure in the remaining 14 patients were significantly reduced by all doses of nifedipine. The drug was well tolerated but plasma potassium fell by 0.3 mmol(mEq)/1 during treatment (p less than 0.05). Nifedipine is thus effective in the treatment of hypertension but should probably be used in combination with a potassium sparing diuretic.
Detection of alterations in testicular and epididymal function in laboratory animals.
Authors: R P Amann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The potential impact of an agent altering male reproductive function is greater for humans than for animals. Consequently, it is essential that sensitive criteria be used to look for effects on a multiplicity of target sites when an agent is evaluated using an animal model. No animal model has reproductive characteristics similar to those of humans, but this does not negate the validity of using animal models. Classic methodologies for reproductive toxicology are limited by the approaches used for subjective evaluation of testicular histology and use of natural mating for fertility tests. After dosing for an interval at least equal to six times the duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, sperm from ejaculated semen or the cauda epididymidis can be evaluated for normalcy of morphology or function and should be used for artificial insemination of females to critically evaluate fertility. Normal males of animal models ejaculate a great excess of sperm. A 50 or 90% reduction in the number of fertile sperm deposited during mating probably will not markedly reduce fertility. Artificial insemination of a critical number of sperm, selected to result in slightly less than maximal fertility for control animals, will maximize the probability of detecting a decrease in fertility if the same critical number of sperm is inseminated for treated animals as for control animals. Testicular function should be evaluated by objective, rather than subjective, criteria. For each male, a piece of testicular tissue should be appropriately fixed and an aliquot of parenchyma should be homogenized to allow enumeration of homogenization-resistant spermatids. Among the more sensitive criteria of testicular function are the minor diameter of essentially round seminiferous tubules, the ratio of leptotene spermatocytes to Sertoli cells, the corrected numbers of germ cells per seminiferous tubule cross section, and the number of homogenization-resistant spermatids per testis.
Calcitriol and Osteoporosis
Authors: B.E.C. Nordin, A.G. Need, H.A. Morris, M. Horowitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 October 1989Calcitriol and OsteoporosisB.E.C. Nordin, MD, A.G. Need, MD, H.A. Morris, PhD, M. Horowitz, MDB.E.C. Nordin, MDSearch for more papers by this author, A.G. Need, MDSearch for more papers by this author, H.A. Morris, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, M. Horowitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-689_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The uncompromising title and conclusions to the article by Ott and Chesnut (1) threaten to delay the long overdue introduction of calcitriol into the management of osteoporosis. We believe no general inference about the value of calcitriol therapy can be made based on their trial. Significantly impaired calcium absorption is an important feature of many patients with osteoporosis, and we consider this impairment to be a risk factor for osteoporosis in its own right.Impaired calcium absorption can be completely corrected with small doses (on the order of 0.25 µ daily) of calcitriol (2). Moreover, this treatment...References1. OttChesnut SC. Calcitriol treatment is not effective in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:267-74. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NeedHorowitzPhilcoxNordin AMJB. 1, 25-dihydroxy-calciferol and calcium therapy in osteoporosis with calcium malabsorption. Mineral Electrolyte Metab 1985;11:35-40. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. NeedNordinHorowitzMorris ABMH. Calcium and calcitriol therapy in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with impaired calcium absorption. Proceedings of Roche Symposium 1989 (submitted to Metabolism). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: B.E.C. Nordin, MD; A.G. Need, MD; H.A. Morris, PhD; M. Horowitz, MDAffiliations: Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, South Australia Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1989Volume 111, Issue 8Page: 689-689KeywordsCalcitriolCalciumMedical risk factorsOsteoporosisPatient advocacy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Indian government approves 50 clinical trials in one day
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The overexpression of Folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) in various types of cancer (ovarian, lung, renal), makes it an attractive candidate for targeted-tumour immunotherapy. T-cell bispecific antibodies are engineered to recognize both FOLR1 and the T-cell receptor CD3 (FOLR1-TCB), enhancing tumour recognition, assault and killing by T-cells. Despite their therapeutic potential, such antibodies present the risk of on-target/off-tumour toxicity, as FOLR1 is also expressed in healthy epithelial cells in the lung or the kidney. In this work, FOLR1-TCB pulmonary toxicity was evaluated using an advanced lung-on-chip <i>in-vitro</i> model. With that purpose, human epithelial and/or endothelial barrier models were treated with FOLR1-TCB in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). According to our results, FOLR1-TCB induced a pronounced on-target/off-tumour damage in our alveolar model as indicated by increased cytotoxicity, barrier leakage (TER) and pro-inflammatory cytokine release (e.g., IL-6, Granzyme B). Additionally, FOLR1-TCB treatment induced T-cell specific activation, as observed by flow cytometry analysis, as well as targeted attachment to the epithelium, as detected by live imaging tracking. Taken together, our results suggest that our patient-derived alveolar lung-on-chip model can successfully predict off-tumour TCB adverse effects. This highlights the importance of considering the immune component, allowing cell-cell interactions, and providing an <i>in-vivo</i>-like microenvironment for relevant safety evaluation of therapeutic antibodies during the preclinical phase of drug development.
Effect of heparin and contrast medium on platelet function during routine cardiac catheterisation
Authors: R A GREENBAUM, M A BARRADAS, D P MIKHAILIDIS, J Y JEREMY, T R EVANS, P DANDONA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Effect of heparin and contrast medium on platelet function during routine cardiac catheterisation Get access R A GREENBAUM, R A GREENBAUM **From the Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M A BARRADAS, M A BARRADAS †From the Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D P MIKHAILIDIS, D P MIKHAILIDIS †From the Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J Y JEREMY, J Y JEREMY †From the Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T R EVANS, T R EVANS **From the Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P DANDONA P DANDONA †From the Department of Chemical Pathology and Human Metabolism, Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 12, December 1987, Pages 878–885, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.12.878 Published: 01 December 1987 Article history Accepted: 04 February 1987 Accepted: 06 July 1987 Published: 01 December 1987
Epigenetic abnormalities in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas: frequent inactivation of the RB1/p16 and p53 pathways
Authors: K. Murao, Y. Kubo, N. Ohtani, E. Hara, S. Arase
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Aberrant methylation of CpG islands in the promoter regions of cancer-related genes has been demonstrated in many human tumours. However, the methylation profile of these regions in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) has not been well studied. Objectives To examine epigenetic abnormalities of a wide range of cancer-related genes in SCCs. Methods We investigated the methylation status of 11 candidate cancer-related genes (CDH1, p16INK4a, p14ARF, DAPK1, MGMT, RB1, RASSF1, p15INK4b, PTEN, PRDM2 and p53) in 20 cases of SCC by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and comparatively examined the protein production of E-cadherin (CDH1), p16, RB1, p14, BMI1 and cyclin A by immunohistochemical analysis. Results The frequency of cancer-related gene methylation in SCCs was: CDH1 (95%), p16 (20%), p14 (15%), DAPK1 (15%), MGMT (15%), RB1 (5%), RASSF1 (5%), p15 (0%), PTEN (0%), PRDM2 (0%) and p53 (0%). Almost all cases with hypermethylation of CDH1, p16, RB1 and p14 showed no obvious production of each protein, suggesting that promoter hypermethylation of these genes contributes to the loss of protein production. The results of methylation analysis, in combination with the results of our previous mutation analysis of CDKN2A locus and p53, revealed that 70% of SCCs have alterations in the RB1/p16 or p53 pathway. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes, especially CDH1, is frequently shown in SCCs, and dysregulation of the RB1/p16 and/or p53 pathway through either genetic or epigenetic mechanisms, except for epigenetic abnormalities of p53 itself, should contribute to the carcinogenesis of SCCs.
Local and Systemic Toxicity of Intravitreal Melphalan for Vitreous Seeding in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Jasmine H. Francis, Paula Schaiquevich, Emiliano Buitrago, María José Del Sole, Gustavo Zapata, J. Oscar Croxatto, Brian P. Marr, Scott E. Brodie, Alejandro Berra, Guillermo L. Chantada, David H. Abramson
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Three-Point Fixation of Stomach to Abdominal Wall in the Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Procedure
Authors: K. Kusaka, T. Itoh, K. Kawaura, J. Yamakawa, T. Takahashi, T. Kanda
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Peritonitis, resulting from either malpositioning of the gastrostomy tube or leakage to the peritoneal cavity [1] [2] [3] is reported as a major complication following the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) procedure, which may lead to lethal conditions including sepsis.
Report of the Librarian
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE Librarian herewith presents his annual report to the Boston Medical Library, his twelfth accounting of the state of the Library since he took office at the beginning of 1938. This report covers the calendar year of 1949, a year of expansion for the Library in size, in quality and in serviceability. The circulation and use of books reached a figure of nearly 60,000, far above an average of about 40,000 attained in former years. The increase in circulation over 1948 was 11.8 per cent. When this figure is added to the increase in 1948 over 1947, 25.8 per cent, . . .
Objective Pathological Diagnosis of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Edwin R. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Pertinent pathological features of lungs obtained at autopsies from 99 coal miners were compared with those observed in the lungs of 268 male town dwellers of comparable age who were not occupationally related to the coal mining or other industries at risk for development of pneumoconiosis. The degree of anthracotic pigment deposition and severity of type of pigmented lesion with its accompanying reticulum fiber formation and fibrosis were significantly greater in lungs of miners. There was a high degree of overlap in degrees of pigment deposition, particularly those quantitated as grades 1 and 2 and in lesions regarded as types 1 and 2. The greatest divergence was observed for prevalence of nodular pulmonary lesions (type 4). There was also a considerable divergence in the type 3 alteration characterized by nonnodular aggregates of carbon-laden macrophages accompanied by minimal reactive fibrosis. It appears that an objective pathological diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) can be rendered only by the demonstration of type 4 lesions. Approximately 25% of coal miners exhibited unequivocal features of CWP. No significant differences concerning incidence or types of emphysema or frequency of chronic cor pulmonale were encountered between the two populations. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1829-1834)
Gastrointestinal bleeding: from conventional to nonconventional!
Authors: S. Rana, D. Bhasin
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Recent advances in pharmacologic, radiologic, and endoscopic management of gastrointestinal bleeding has improved the ability to achieve hemostasis and prevent re-bleeding. However, this improvement in hemostatic capability has failed to significantly improve the overall mortality in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Today gastroenterologists are facing this stiff challenge. The management of patients with variceal bleeding has evolved from surgery to balloon tamponade, vasoactive drugs, and interventional radiologic and endoscopic techniques that have improved the hemostatic as well as mortality rates in patients with variceal bleeding. However, patients with variceal bleeding refractory to pharmacotherapy and endoscopic hemostatic therapy pose a difficult challenge, as these patients have a high mortality rate. Thus, a number of alternative hemostatic measures have been studied in these patients, with varying results. Management of patients with bleeding peptic ulcer has also radically changed over time, from antacids and surgery to aggressive antisecretory therapy, and various endoscopic injection, thermal, and mechanical hemostatic methods that reduce the need for emergency surgery; and we are now swirling back again to antisecretory therapy. Recently it has also been shown that an aggressive antisecretory therapy pre-endoscopy reduces the need for endoscopic therapy. Five topics that reflect the state of the art approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and which have been published in the past year are reviewed here.
As Old as His Arteries
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Was it not Sydenham rather than Osler who coined my title? With only a step separating the sublime from the ridiculous, the art that can immortalize the shaving of an egg as a sort of tired metaphor gives my soul that elbow room that here in Hawaii I boil at a degree different from that of fools and madmen trying to tell the truth. Is there no limit to this fever for letter writing to editors?
Maternity unit is criticised again for high mortality
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Healthcare Commission has called on NHS trusts in England and Wales to ensure adequate monitoring of clinical incidents in maternity wards, after its review of excess deaths of women at Northwick Park Hospital, London.

Ten women died during pregnancy or within six weeks of delivery at the hospital between April 2002 and April 2005—a toll far above the 2002 average national mortality of 11.4 deaths per 100 000 maternities. Most of the women died from complications of eclampsia or from intra-abdominal bleeding.

This is the second time that the Healthcare Commission has reviewed maternity services at Northwick Park. It investigated the unit last year, …