tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iterative processing of information during sleep may improve consolidation
Authors: Carlo Cipolli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The relationship between sleep and memory has been controversial since the 1950s. Studies on delayed dream recall and long-term retention of pre-sleep stimuli indicate that sleep may have a positive role in the consolidation of information. This positive indication counterbalances the negative one from the studies on the effects of REM deprivation. [Vertes &amp; Eastman]
The importance of smelly feet and stinky cheese
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterised by the occurrence of diverse mesenchymal and epithelial neoplasms at multiple sites. It has recently been shown that some of these individuals have a germ line mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene. The case of one member of such a family who has now developed three separate primary malignant tumours is reported. All three tumours expressed mutant p53 protein.
Handedness and longevity: archival study of cricketers
Authors: J. P Aggleton, J M. Bland, R. W Kentridge, N. J Neave
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To test whether handedness is associated with a change in longevity. <b>Design</b>: Archival survey. <b>Setting</b>: British Isles. Subjects—All first class cricketers born before 1961 whose bowling hand was specified (right, n=5041; left, n=1132) in a comprehensive encyclopaedia. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Bowling hand and life span. <b>Results</b>: Regression analysis of the 5960 players born between 1840 and 1960 (3387 dead, 2573 alive) showed no significant relation between mortality and handedness (P=0.3). Left handedness was, however, associated with an increased likelihood of death from unnatural causes (P=0.03, log hazard 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.70). This effect was especially related to deaths during warfare (P=0.009, log hazard 0.53, 0.13 to 0.92). <b>Conclusion</b>: Left handedness is not, in general, associated with an increase in mortality.
Effect of anti - retroviral therapy on liver-related mortality in HIV/HCV coinfected patients
Authors: Nazifa Qurishi, Christina Kreuzberg, Esther Voigt, Ludwig Hess, Wolfgang Effenberger, Guido Luechters, Bernd Kupfer, Tillmann Sauerbruch, Klaus Juergen Rockstroh, Ulrich Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Abstract 780: An EGFR inhibitor enhances the efficacy of SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, in SN38-refractory gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Masakazu Yashiro, Hong Qiu, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Xiaotian Zhang, Tamami Morisaki, Tatsuynari Fukuoka, Naoki Aomatsu, Toshiki Hirakawa, Katsunobu Sakurai, Naoshi Kubo, Hiroaki Tanaka, Nobuya Yamada, Kiyoshi Maeda, Tetsuji Sawada, Masaichi Ohira, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Acquired drug resistance to irinotecan is one of the significant obstacles in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. This study was performed to clarify the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in combination with SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, on the proliferation of irinotecan-refractory gastric cancer. Methods: Two irinotecan-resistant gastric cancer cell lines, OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38, were respectively established by stepwise exposure to SN38 from the parent gastric cancer cell lines OCUM-2M and OCUM-8. The combination effects of two EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and lapatinib, with SN38 on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell-cycle on gastric cancer cells were examined. Results: Gefitinib or lapatinib showed synergistic anti-tumor effects against OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38 cells when used in combination with SN38, but not against OCUM-2M or OCUM-8 cells. SN38 increased the expression of EGFR and HER2 in OCUM-2M/SN38 and OCUM-8/SN38 cells. The combination of an EGFR inhibitor and SN38 significantly increased the levels of apoptosis-related molecules, caspase-6, p53, and DAPK-2, and resulted in the induction of apoptosis of irinotecan-resistant cells. The EGFR inhibitors increased the S-phase and decreased the UGT1A1 and ABCG expression in irinotecan-resistant cells. The SN38 plus Lapatinib group more effectively suppressed in vivo tumor growth by OCUM-2M/SN38 cells than either alone group.Conclusion: The combination treatment with an EGFR inhibitor and irinotecan might produce synergistic anti-tumor effects for irinotecan-refractory gastric cancer cells. The regulation of SN38 metabolism-related genes and cell cycle by EGFR inhibitors might be responsible for the synergism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 780. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-780
The association of sickle cell anemia with heterozygous and homozygous α‐thalassemia‐2: In vitro HB chain synthesis
Authors: A. E. Felice, B. Webber, A. Miller, S. M. Mayson, H. F. Harris, J. B. Henson, M. E. Gravely, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract The in vitro synthesis of hemoglobin chains was investigated in 34 scikle cell anemia (SS) patients and five patients with Hb S‐β o ‐thalassemia. Incubations were made for 30 minutes and for 120 minutes. Hematological and family data were also obtained. Although the 30‐minute α/non‐α total activity ratios were more widely distributed than the ratios at 120 minutes, a distinct classification of SS patients into groups without an α‐thalassemia, with a heterozygous α‐thal‐2, or with a homozygous α‐thal‐2 could not be made. Family studies indicated that four patients who had 30‐minute α/non‐α ratios below 0.82 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values below 70 fl had a homozygosity for both α‐thal‐2 and Hb S. They had mild hematological features of SS disease. Many SS patients with 30‐minute α/non‐α ratios between 0.8 and 1.0 and MCV values above 70 fl had an associated α‐thal‐2 heterozygosity. Their hematological features were similar to those of SS patients with four active α chain genes. It appears that an α‐thal‐2 heterozygosity (−α/αα; β S /β S ) does not alter the hematological expression of SS disease. An α‐thal‐2 homozygosity −α/−α;β S /β S results in a microcytosis similar to that seen in Hb S‐β o ‐thalassemia patients. The diagnosis of these α chain deficiencies in association with SS disease (by in vitro chain synthesis analyses) leaves several uncertainties.
Refugee doctors face enormous difficulty
Authors: A Ezsias
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—I have been interested by several articles about refugee doctors, 1 2 particularly because I started my life in Britain as one. It is hard for people to appreciate fully the mental anguish and physical deprivation, the sense of annihilation and loss of reference points, and the vulnerability and desperation of refugees. Highly educated refugees such as doctors may be more prone than other refugees to concentrate on their mental and spiritual deprivation; this is compounded by repeated disappointments in their attempts to earn their living by their skill …
A question of confidence. An editor's view.
Authors: S Lock
Journal: BMJ (1984)

For the editor of the BMJ to receive an official letter from the registrar of the General Medical Council must be unusual. So were the circumstances, which need a little space to describe. By all accounts Gladwin Buttle was an outstanding man. Even among the fulsome tributes characteristic of the BMJ obituary columns he emerges as a true original, someone who left the world different from how he found it and who would have been a welcome dinner guest. His foremost contribution?the large scale development of blood transfusion in the second world war ?was, it hardly needs to be said, made against all sorts of official opposition: he had to collect empty gin and whisky bottles from the officers' mess in Cairo, and have needles, rubber tubing and bungs, and glass drip chambers made locally; as a result the surgery of the battlefield was transformed from El Alamein onwards. Nevertheless, the follow up obituary tribute was even more interesting:
The Spirogram in Regional Bronchial Obstruction
Authors: John F. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN the course of several hundred routine ventilation studies in a variety of lung disorders, an abnormal spirographic tracing has occurred with impressive frequency. This pattern was observed during the expiratory phase of the timed vital-capacity maneuver (expirogram) and consisted of a normal initial downstroke and volume in one second; at about this point the tracing began to flatten out, abruptly at times, so that the three-second timed vital capacity was considerably less than the expected volume. Consideration of the possible origins of such a spirogram led to the conclusion that the most reasonable explanation was that of regional bronchial . . .
IgE autoantibodies in atopic dermatitis ‐occurrence of different antibodies against the CH3 and the CH4 epitopes of IgE
Authors: W. Czech, B. M. Stadler, E. Schöpf, A. Kapp
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Levels of “free” anti‐IgE autoantibodies and IgE/anti‐IgE immune complexes were measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis before and after treatment, psoriasis patients, and nonatopic controls. In this measurement, we used two monoclonal antibodies with distinct in vitro functions (LE 27, BSW 17), directed against the epsilon CH3 and CH4 domains of the IgE Fc‐fragment, in a novel immunobinding assay. In patients with atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of “free” anti‐IgE antibodies and IgE/anti‐IgE immune complexes were detected in comparison to psoriasis patients and controls. In addition, there was a positive correlation between total IgE and the amount of IgE/anti‐IgE complexes detected by LE 27 ( r =0.7; P &lt; 0.001) or BSW 17 ( r = 0.64; P &lt; 0.001) in patients with atopic dermatitis. In contrast, an inverse correlation was observed between total IgE and “free” anti‐IgE antibodies ( r =−0.34; P &lt; 0.05) in atopic dermatitis. However, serum levels of anti‐IgE autoantibodies before and after therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ, and levels of anti‐IgE antibodies did not correlate with clinical severity, as evaluated by an established clinical scoring system. Our data clearly indicate that significantly elevated amounts of anti‐IgE antibodies could be observed in patients with atopic dermatitis, which are directed against different epitopes on the IgE molecule. It is tempting to speculate that these autoantibodies exert different effects on IgE‐receptor‐bearing effector cells and may play an important role in IgE regulation.
Medical Student Involvement in Comprehensive Health Care
Authors: Edward Wasserman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Results have been published about student participation in comprehensive health care programs but the extent of their involvement is markedly limited. Most studies that have been reported since 1967 involve junior and senior medical students assigned to various departmental programs.<sup>1-3</sup>Two reports are concerned directly with beginning medical students. One describes first-year students working in a Home Care Program,<sup>4</sup>and the other is concerned with social awareness of first- and secondyear students.<sup>5</sup> In 1968, a volunteer program for first- and second-year medical students at New York Medical College was begun in Comprehensive Pediatric Health Care. The resultant attitudes or affective domain of learning after involvement in the program are described. <h3>Methods</h3> When this program was introduced, New York Medical College had a traditional curriculum which provided minimal patient contact during the first two years of education. It was noted by the faculty as well as by others
Holding back the tide of caesareans
Authors: D E R Bateman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

give no suggestion that opposed treatment is hazardous with respect to ischaemic heart disease, we agree with Professor Beaglehole's assertion that it is premature to recommend postmenopausal hormones to prevent cardiovascular disease.On the issue of selection bias we, like many of the studies, found a protective effect on all cause mortality.This was reflected across all mortality from specific causes with two exceptions: firstly, we found a slight (but non-significant) excess of cancer of the ovary, and, secondly, in contrast with the Walnut Creek study2 our data showed an excess ofdeaths attributed to suicide or suspected suicide.
Sequential bcl-2 and c-myc oncogene rearrangements associated with the clinical transformation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: J T Lee, D J Innes, M E Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We report a case of untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with histologic progression over 1 yr from a low-grade, small cleaved follicular center cell lymphoma to a high-grade, small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphoma. Both lymphomas had identical immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain joining gene (JH), kappa light-chain joining gene, and bcl-2 gene rearrangements, indicating the clonal identity of the two tumors. The Ig heavy chain locus on one chromosome 14 was involved in an initial t(14; 18) translocation as shown by comigrating JH and bcl-2 rearrangements. However, the oncogene c-myc was in the germline configuration in the initial lymphoma but had one allele rearranged near the 3' end of exon I in the high-grade tumor; DNA sequence analysis was consistent with a chromosomal breakpoint at that site. The presence of the c-myc rearrangement in the high-grade tumor suggest a role for c-myc in the clonal evolution of the low-grade tumor into a more aggressive lymphoma. The coexistence of both bcl-2 gene and c-myc oncogene rearrangements in the same tumor is unusual, with only a few cases reported. Furthermore, this case is unique in the direct demonstration of the histologic and clinical progression of a human lymphoma associated with the sequential rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene and the c-myc oncogene.
The glass cage
Authors: C Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1994)

I live in a glass cage. Often I seem to be well, so only those close to me see the extent of my disability. Indeed, within my prison of inactivity, there are moments when I feel relatively well. Yet the invisible walls around me are impenetrable. Beyond them lies a barrage of symptoms and the further I push myself, the greater the deterioration and the longer the recovery time: hours, days, even weeks.

My cage is myalgic encephalomyelitis, one of the chronic fatigue syndromes. I was a general practitioner when the first symptoms appeared three years ago, shortly after I was immunised against hepatitis B. The following month I developed glandular fever and my illness began in earnest, with multiple symptoms, which continually varied in intensity: sore throat, swollen glands, fatigue, “brain fog,” malaise, myalgia, muscle fatigue, fasciculation, sweats, postural hypotension, alcohol intolerance, poor concentration and memory, emotional lability, and loss of atopic response.

Words can lie comfortably on the page, distanced by medical terminology. But this list invaded my life. Myalgia: the pain and exhaustion of the walk from my bed to the bathroom took half an hour to subside. Fatigue: my husband carried me downstairs for Sunday lunch but after one course I fell asleep, exhausted. Poor concentration: reading or watching television was often impossible. Emotional lability: at random my usual …
African Americans are less likely to see an oncologist, study shows
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Differences between races in patients' likelihood of surviving cancer may stem from differences in access to chemotherapy or even to the doctors who prescribe it.

Examining the medical records of patients with lung cancer, a group of Harvard University researchers led by Dr Craig Earle of the Center for Outcomes and Policy Research at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, found that African Americans are less likely than other races to see an oncologist ( Journal of Clinical …
MYOCARDIAL O2- AND ONOO-GENERATION IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Marios Margaritis, Charalambos Antoniades, Michael Demosthenous, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Costantinos Bakogiannis, Dimitris Lymperiadis, Svetlana Reilly, Barbara Casadei, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract P1-08-03: Prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer by IHC4 or Ki67 alone
Authors: A Sheri, IE Smith, R A'Hern, R Jones, M Parton, SRD Johnston, M Dowsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aims To determine whether IHC4 score assessed on pre-treatment core biopsies (i) predicts response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ER positive breast cancer; (ii) provides more predictive information than Ki67 alone. Background The IHC4 score, a composite of ER, PgR, Ki67 and HER2 scores provides prognostic information similar to the OncotypeDx 21-gene Recurrence Score in ER + primary breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy but it is unknown if it also predicts response to chemotherapy. Pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is established as an intermediate marker of long-term outcome. More recently the residual cancer burden (RCB) has also been shown to be prognostic, with those patients with minimal residual disease (RCB1) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy having a similar prognosis to those with a pCR (RCB0). The development of these intermediate markers provides an opportunity to study the predictive role of pre-treatment biomarkers for benefit to a particular therapy. Methods A total of 114 ER+ patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Royal Marsden Hospital between 2002-2010 were included in the study. An assessment of the excision specimen was made for residual disease. IHC4 was determined on pre-treatment core biopsies, blinded to clinical outcome, by immunohistochemistry using quantitative scoring of ER (H-score), PgR (%) and Ki67 (%). Determination of HER2 status was made by immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization for 2+ cases. IHC4 and Ki67 scores were tested for their association with pCR rate and RCB score. Results 19 (17%) of the 114 patients and 9 (10%) of the 90 HER2-ve cases showed a pCR. Ki67 and the IHC4 score were both positively associated with achievement of pCR (P&amp;lt;10-7 and P&amp;lt;10-9 respectively) and RCB0+1 (P&amp;lt;10-5 and P&amp;lt;10-9 respectively) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in all patients. Rates of RCB0+1 were 45% and 66% in the highest quartiles of Ki67 and IHC4 scores respectively. In ER + HER2-ve cases pCR and RCB0+ 1 rates were 35% and 39%, respectively in the highest quartile of IHC4 and 30% and 39%, respectively in the highest quartile of Ki67 (Table 1). There were no pCRs in the lower half of IHC4 or Ki67 scores. Conclusions A high IHC4 was strongly predictive of a pCR or near pCR in ER + breast cancers following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ki67 was an important component of this predictive ability. Response according to IHC4 and Ki67 quartile in HER2 negative, ER+ breast cancersIntermediate endpointpCRpCRRCB0+RCB1RCB0+RCB1ScoreIHC4Ki67IHC4Ki67Quartile 10% (0/22)0% (0/22)5% (1/22)9% (2/22)Quartile 20% (0/23)0% (0/23)4% (1/23)0% (0/23)Quartile 35%(1/22)9% (2/23)9% (2/22)9% (2/23)Quartile 435% (8/23)30% (7/23)39% (9/23)39% (9/23) Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-03.
Urinary calculi and the consumption of analgesics.
Authors: J. E. Blackman, G. R. Gibson, J. N. Lavan, H. M. Learoyd, S. Posen
Journal: BMJ (1967)

There are many causes for stones in the urinary tract (Melick and Henneman, 1958 ; Boyce and Bradshaw, 1961 ; Maurice and Henneman, 1961). These include the presence of urinary solutes in abnormally high concentrations (Hodgkinson and Fyrah, 1958 ; Nordin and Robertson, 1966), a variety of factors diminishing their solubility (Elliot et al., 1961 ; Howard et al., 1962 ; Metcalfe-Gibson et al., 1965), and anatomical abnorm alities favouring their precipitation (Boyce and King, 1963). In about half the patients no cause for stone formation is found (Melick and Henneman, 1958). During a recent survey of 266 consecutive patients referred for the investigation of urinary calculi it was found that 43 of them gave a history of heavy consumption of analgesics (Lavan et al., 1966). A search of the literature showed that in spite of many papers on the nephrotoxicity or otherwise of these compounds (Gilman, 1964 ; Dawborn et al., 1964 ; Rubenstein et al., 1964 ; Fordham et al., 1965 ; Lancet, 1966) there appears to have been no systematic investigation into the association between stones in the urinary tract and the regular consumption of analgesics. Such an association is reported in this paper.
Onset and risk factors for aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia in breast cancer survivors.
Authors: JJ Mao, CT Stricker, DW Bruner, JT Farrar, MA Bowman, SX Xie, J Wolf, A DeMichele
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1120 Purpose: Arthralgia is a common clinical phenomenon seen in postmenopausal women receiving aromatase inhibitors (AI). This study aims to evaluate the perceived onset, prevalence, and risk factors for AI-related arthralgia.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of postmenopausal women with stage I-III breast cancer receiving adjuvant AI therapy at an outpatient breast oncology clinic at a large university hospital. Patient-reported symptoms and attribution of AI as a cause of arthralgia were main outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess risk factor(s).&amp;#x2028; Results: 300 patients have been enrolled, with a mean age of 61 +/- 10 years, 84% White, and 38(13%) Black. A total of 173 (58%) reported AI-related arhtralgia during the course of AI treatment and 139 (47%) attributed AI as a cause of their current arthralgia. While 103 (34%) reported having “arthritis” prior to AI initiation, 13% reported onset of symptoms within 1 month of medication initiation, 42% between 1-3 months, 27% between 3-6 months, 12% between 6-12 months, and 20% after 12 months. In a multivariate logistic regression model, time since last menstrual period (LMP) was the only significant predictor of reporting AI-related arthralgia; age, race, employment status, chemotherapy, and weight gain since breast cancer were not associated with the clinical syndrome. Controlling for these covariates, those who had LMP within 5 years had the highest probability of reporting AI-related arthralgia (73%), while those with LMP beyond 10 years had the lowest (35%), p=0.017. Prior arthritis was unrelated to AI-related arthralgia either in univariate or multivariate analyses.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: AI-related arthralgia is common and appears to be inversely related to the length of time since cessation of menstrual function. These findings suggest that estrogen withdrawal may compound these symptoms and may play a role in the mechanism of this disorder. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1120.
The Apoptotic and Cytostatic Influence of Maleimide Derivative on Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Colo-205
Authors: Viktoriia Nikulina, Liudmila Garmanchuk, Eugen Denis, Olena Dzhus, Tetiana Nikolaienko, Liudmyla Ostapchenko, Volodymyr Rybalchenko, Anastasia Biluk, Yulia Stupak, Oksana Skachkova
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Shortcomings of the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory: Can psychometrics inform evolutionary psychology?
Authors: Martin Voracek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Simpson and Gangestad's (1991) Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) is pivotal in Schmitt's cross-national study on sociosexuality. Here I elaborate on psychometric shortcomings of the SOI that are crucial in this research context.