tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Late Mortality From Heart Disease After Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Steven L. Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the risk of death from heart disease after Hodgkin's disease therapy. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective study comparing treated patients with a matched general population. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Referral center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 2232 consecutive Hodgkin's disease patients treated from 1960 through 1991. Follow-up averaged 9.5 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Relative risks (RRs), the ratio of the observed to the expected cases with 95% confidence intervals (Cls), χ tests for trends, and Kaplan-Meier actuarial risks. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 2232 patients, 88 (3.9%) died of heart disease, 55 from acute myocardial infarction and 33 from other cardiac diseases, including congestive heart failure, radiation pericarditis or pancarditis, cardiomyopathy, or valvular heart disease. The RR for cardiac death was 3.1 (Cl, 2.4 to 3.7). Mediastinal radiation of 30 Gy or less (n=385 patients) did not increase risk; above 30 Gy (n=1830), RR was 3.5 (Cl, 2.7 to 4.3). Blocking to limit cardiac exposure reduced the RR for other cardiac diseases from 5.3 (Cl, 3.1 to 7.5) to 1.4 (Cl, 0.6 to 2.9), but not acute myocardial infarction (RR, 3.7 vs 3.4). The RRs increased with duration after treatment (trend in acute myocardial infarction,<i>P</i>=.02; in other cardiac diseases,<i>P</i>=.004). The RR for acute myocardial infarction was highest after irradiation before 20 years of age and decreased with increasing age at treatment (<i>P</i>&lt;.0001 for trend). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease increases the risk of subsequent death from heart disease. Risk increased with high mediastinal doses, minimal protective cardiac blocking, young age at irradiation, and increasing duration of follow-up. (JAMA. 1993:270:1949-1955)
Rottlerin Increases Cardiac Contractile Performance and Coronary Perfusion Through BK <sub>Ca++</sub> Channel Activation After Cold Cardioplegic Arrest in Isolated Hearts
Authors: Richard T. Clements, Brenda Cordeiro, Jun Feng, Cesario Bianchi, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CP/CPB) subjects myocardium to complex injurious stimuli that can result in cardiomyocyte and vascular contractile abnormalities. Rottlerin, originally identified as a delta-protein kinase C inhibitor, has a number of known additional effects that may be beneficial in the setting of CP/CPB. We tested the hypothesis that rottlerin mitigates deleterious effects associated with CP/CPB.Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to 2 hours intermittent cold (10°C) CP (St Thomas II) followed by 30 minutes normothermic reperfusion. CP was delivered every 30 minutes for 1 minute. Hearts were treated with rottlerin 1 μmol/L (CP+R) (n=7) or without rottlerin (CP) (n=9), and the BK(Ca++) channel inhibitor paxilline 100 nmol/L was supplied in the CP. Hearts constantly perfused with KHB served as controls (n=6). Baseline parameters of cardiac function were similar between groups. CP resulted in reduced cardiac function (left ventricular diastolic pressure, 39 ± 3.8%; ± dP/dt, 32 ± 4.4%, -41 ± 5.1% decrease compared to baseline). Treatment with rottlerin 1 μmol/L significantly improved CP-induced cardiac function (left ventricular diastolic pressure, 20 ± 5.9%; ± dP/dt, 5.2 ± 4.5%, -11.6 ± 4.7% decrease versus baseline; P<0.05 CP+R versus CP). Rottlerin also caused a significant increase in coronary flow postreperfusion (CP, 34 ± 4.2% decrease from baseline; CP+R, 26 ± 9.6% increase over baseline; P=0.01). Independent of vascular effects, CP significantly decreased isolated myocyte contraction, which was restored by rottlerin treatment. The BK(Ca++) channel inhibitor greatly reduced the majority of beneficial effects associated with rottlerin.Rottlerin significantly improves cardiac performance after CP arrest through improved cardiomyocyte contraction and coronary perfusion.
The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) for childhood myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
Authors: H Hasle, I Baumann, E Bergsträsser, S Fenu, A Fischer, G Kardos, G Kerndrup, F Locatelli, T Rogge, K R Schultz, J Starý, M Trebo, M M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, J Harbott, P Nöllke, C M Niemeyer
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
A double-blind, randomized study to assess the effectiveness of different moisturizers in preventing dermatitis induced by hand washing to simulate healthcare use
Authors: C. Williams, S.M. Wilkinson, P. McShane, J. Lewis, D. Pennington, S. Pierce, C. Fernandez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Healthcare‐associated infection is an important worldwide problem that could be reduced by better hand hygiene practice. However, irritant contact dermatitis of the hands as a result of repeated hand washing is a potential complication that may be preventable by the regular use of an emollient. Objectives To assess the effect of moisturizer application after repeated hand washing (15 times daily) vs. soap alone. Methods In a double‐blind, randomized study, the effect of five different moisturizers on skin barrier function was determined by assessment after repeated hand washing over a 2‐week period in healthy adult volunteers. Assessments of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal hydration and a visual assessment using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) were made at days 0, 7 and 14. Results In total, 132 patients were enrolled into the study. A statistically significant worsening of the clinical condition of the skin as measured by HECSI was seen from baseline to day 14 (P = 0·003) in those subjects repeatedly washing their hands with soap without subsequent application of moisturizer. No change was seen in the groups using moisturizer. Subclinical assessment of epidermal hydration as a measure of skin barrier function showed significant increases from baseline to day 14 after the use of three of the five moisturizing products (P =0·041, 0·001 and 0·009). Three of the five moisturizers tested led to a statistically significant decrease in TEWL at day 7 of repeated hand washing. This effect was sustained for one moisturizing product at day 14 of hand washing (P =0·044). Conclusions These results support the view that the regular application of moisturizers to normal skin offers a protective effect against repeated exposure to irritants, with no evidence of a reduction in barrier efficiency allowing the easier permeation of irritant substances into the skin as has been suggested by other studies. Regular use of emollient in the healthcare environment may prevent the development of dermatitis.
Pathophysiology of Upper Airway Closure During Sleep
Authors: Samuel T. Kuna
Journal: JAMA (1991)

While the upper airway normally remains patent during quiet breathing in wakefulness and sleep, patients with obstructive sleep apnea have repetitive periods of upper airway closure during sleep. The upper airway closures usually occur at various sites in the pharynx. The patency of the potentially collapsible pharynx during inspiration depends on the balance between subatmospheric pressure in the pharyngeal airway and airway dilating forces generated by pharyngeal muscles. The pressure required to collapse the upper airway in the absence of upper airway muscle activity, ie, closing pressure, is normally subatmospheric. In obstructive sleep apnea, positive pressures are required to maintain patency of the passive upper airway. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying upper airway closures during sleep form the basis for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. In general, these treatment modalities attempt to (1) raise the pharyngeal pressure above the closing pressure, (2) decrease the closing pressure, or (3) increase upper airway muscle activity. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1384-1389)
Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking
Authors: Lynn A. Jansen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 December 2002Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and DrinkingLynn A. Jansen, RN, PhD and Daniel P. Sulmasy, OFM, MD, PhDLynn A. Jansen, RN, PhDSaint Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011Search for more papers by this author and Daniel P. Sulmasy, OFM, MD, PhDSaint Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The letter by Gert and colleagues begins inauspiciously. They claim mistakenly that we categorized as immoral their position that physicians should notify dying patients who request physician-assisted suicide that, as an alternative, they may stop eating and drinking. We made no such claim. As is abundantly clear from our article, we advanced a much more modest claim: that if a patient's voluntary refusal of food and fluids were equivalent to suicide, and if a clinician were to believe that this patient's suicide would be immoral, then it would be wrong for a clinician to inform the patient that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSedation, Alimentation, Hydration, and Equivocation: Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Charles G. Sasser Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Timothy E. Quill Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Paul Rousseau Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Tatsuya Morita , Satoru Tsuneto , and Yasuo Shima Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life John H. Kvasnicka Careful Conversation about Care at the End of Life Lynn A. Jansen and Daniel P. Sulmasy Physician Involvement in Voluntary Stopping of Eating and Drinking Bernard Gert , James L. Bernat , and R. Peter Mogielnicki Metrics 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1011KeywordsEatingFoodHand strengthNutritionPatient advocacySuicide ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Burden of disease due to cutaneous melanoma has increased in the Netherlands since 1991
Authors: C. Holterhues, L.M. Hollestein, T. Nijsten, E.R. Koomen, W. Nusselder, E. de Vries
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The burden of disease, describing loss of health and death due to a disease, has not been fully studied for melanoma in the general population over time.To determine the burden of disease due to melanoma in the Netherlands.Age- and sex-specific incidence data from all patients with melanoma in the Netherlands between 1991 and 2010 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Melanoma-specific mortality and life expectancy data were obtained from Statistics Netherlands. Melanoma duration was calculated using the DISMOD software from the World Health Organization. The years of life lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) due to melanoma were calculated using Dutch disability weights, incidence and mortality of melanoma, and the life expectancy from the general population. The number of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) was estimated by adding YLD and YLL.The world-standardized incidence rates of melanoma have more than doubled for both men (7·1 per 100 000 inhabitants in 1991 to 17·0 in 2010) and women (9·4 per 100 000 inhabitants in 1991 to 19·8 in 2010). Likewise, the burden of melanoma to society has increased rapidly. The YLD for men increased from 4795 (1991-4) to 12 441 (2007-10), and for women from 7513 (1991-4) to 16 544 (2007-10). In 2007-10 the total YLL due to melanoma was 30 651 for men and 26 244 for women compared with 17 238 and 16 900, respectively, in 1991-4. The DALYs increased by 96% for men, from 22 033 (1991-4) to 43 092 (2007-10), and by 75% for women, from 24 413 (1991-4) to 42 788 (2007-10).Melanoma is becoming a great burden to Dutch society.
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY, WITH REPORT OF A CASE OF OVARIAN PREGNANCY.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WATHEN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

I do not believe that it is possible for an ectopic pregnancy to develop primarily in the peritonealcavity, for the ovum can not be lodged securely in any one place sufficiently long to form chorionic attachments, and the peritoneal secretion would very soon destroy its vitality; the one or more cases of reported abdominal pregnancy, after removal of the uterus, were primarily tubal or ovarian, these organs not having been removed with the uterus. Ectopic pregnancy must be primarily tubal, tubo-ovarian, or ovarian, but as it can not develop to term in any of these structures, it ruptures either into the folds of the broad ligament or into the peritoneal cavity; and if the chorionic attachments are not then destroyed, there is no reason why the pregnancy may not continue to term. I believe that most cases reported as intra-peritoneal pregnancy are extra-peritoneal, having developed in the folds of the
BRONCHOSCOPY IN PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: GABRIEL TUCKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 October 1934BRONCHOSCOPY IN PULMONARY DISEASEPRESENT STATUS AS AN AID IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT*GABRIEL TUCKER, M.D.GABRIEL TUCKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-4-444 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of the bronchoscope as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the lung has been practically a development of the last decade. Before that time the bronchoscope was used chiefly for the removal of foreign bodies. The modern bronchoscopic technic, using the distally lighted tube of Jackson, without general anesthesia, has widened the field of its usefulness to such an extent that bronchoscopy is indicated in practically every disease of the lung, at some time during its course, in some particular patient. In modern bronchoscopy general anesthesia is not required. In acute inflammatory conditions of...Bibliography1. TUCKER G: An infant bronchoscope, Trans. Section on Laryngology, Otology and Rhinology, Am. Med. Assoc., 1932. Google Scholar2. PANCOASTPENDERGRASSTUCKER HKEPG: Localization of foreign bodies in lung by roentgen examination with comments on bronchoscopy under biplane roentgenoscopic guidance, Am. Jr. Roentgenol. and Rad. Therapy, 1932, xxvii, 225-233. Google Scholar3. TUCKER G: Bronchoscopic observations on obstructive pulmonary atelectasis, Arch. Otolaryng., 1931, xiii, 315-325. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. KOLMER JA: Broncho-pulmonary immunization and disinfection, Proc. Am. Laryng. Assoc., 1933. Google Scholar5. MOORE WF: Personal communication. Google Scholar6. PENDERGRASS E: Personal communication. Google Scholar7. TUCKER G: Postoperative pulmonary complications, bronchoscopic aid in diagnosis and treatment, Proc. Section on Surgery, Am. Med. Assoc., 1933. Google Scholar8. ARCHIBALD E: The consideration of the dangers of lobectomy in relation to the technic of the operation, Proc. Am. Assoc. Thorac. Surg., 1934. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Read at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 16, 1934.From the bronchoscopic clinics of the University of Pennsylvania, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the Graduate Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAn investigation into the factors contributing to relapse in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis treated by unilateral artificial pneumothoraxBronchoscopic therapy in allergic asthma 1 October 1934Volume 8, Issue 4Page: 444-458KeywordsBronchoscopyGeneral anesthesiaGraduate medical educationHospitalsLungsPulmonary diseasesRespiratory system procedures Issue Published: 1 October 1934 PDF DownloadLoading ...
ASTHENOPIA.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: C. M. HOBBY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Asthenopia is to the visual function what dyspepsia is to the digestive, a congeries of symptoms differing somewhat according to the pathologic views of the physician in charge, and often like dyspepsia cured by the physician instead of by the prescription. As ordinarily employed, without reference to pathology, it comprises several groups of symptoms following the more or less prolonged use of vision at short range, but it is sometimes made to cover uncomfortable vision at all distances; the same symptoms occurring to a presbyopic patient are not usually considered asthenopic, although some logically include unrelieved presbyopia with asthenopia. Not infrequently reflex disturbances, unconnected with the visual organs, are considered as asthenopic phenomena; blepharitis marginalis, which is apparently frequently caused by refractive errors, and mild forms of conjunctivitis, are sometimes considered as symptoms of asthenopia rather than as causes for the ocular discomfort. Accepting hyperopia, especially when associated with astigmatism,
Passive smoking case reaches High Court
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A nurse who claims that she was forced to give up her job because she had to work in a smoke filled communal lounge took a landmark case to the High Court in Manchester last week.

Sylvia Sparrow, aged 60, should learn soon whether her action, the first damages claim over passive smoking to reach court in Britain, has been successful. Mrs Sparrow, a state enrolled nurse, is suing St Andrew's Homes, former owners of Worsley Lodge residential home, for failing to provide a safe working environment. A ruling in her favour could open the way for a flood of similar claims.

Mrs Sparrow, from Swinton, Manchester, left …
Depression and Anxiety in Cancer Patients
Authors: Lee Schacter
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  There is nothing, it is said, that will so concentrate the mind as ascending the gallows. In this context, the observations of Derogatis et al (1983;249:751) are neither surprising nor instructive. One would be surprised if patients with cancer were not depressed or anxious. Labeling patients as having a psychiatric disorder because they fit the criteria of the DSM-III is a bit like calling a bat a bird because it has wings. The authors do not seem to consider the possibility that depression and anxiety are appropriate in a group of patients with potentially lethal diseases.  Many of us who treat cancer patients find few instances of inappropriate behavior by patients considering the severe stresses in their lives. Indeed, one of the positive features of an oncology practice is the lack of psychosomatic complaints. Having ascended the gallows, most patients focus on their real problems.  What is
Retrolental Fibroplasia
Authors: Joseph Dancis, J. M. Lewis, Loren P. Guy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN 1949 Kinsey and Zacharias1 published a statistical study of retrolental fibroplasia. They discovered a sharp increase in the incidence of retrolental fibroplasia in their premature unit beginning in the year 1943, coincident with the substitution of a water-miscible multivitamin preparation for the Vitamin-D preparation previously used. They suggested that the large amounts of Vitamin A administered in this manner might play a contributory role in the production of the disease. Since Vitamin-A supplements are widely used in the feeding of premature infants, it became essential to investigate further the role of water-miscible vitamin preparations in retrolental fibroplasia.In March, . . .
Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Robert Matthews, Prashant Shrestha, Dinko Franceschi, Nand Relan, Electra Kaloudis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

FDG PET-CT plays a critical role in the management of head and neck cancer patients. After therapy, many patterns of altered physiologic FDG uptake have been recognized. In our institution, we noticed patterns of head and neck muscle uptake that were unique in the post-therapy scans of head and neck cancer patients.A total of 32 patients with head and neck cancers who had both pretherapy and posttherapy FDG PET-CT scans were retrospectively analyzed. Regional anatomic muscle groups that had increased PET uptake on either pretherapy or post-therapy scans were identified.On the pretherapy scans, the majority of patients (24/32 patients) did not have increased PET activity in the predefined muscle groups. On the post-therapy scans, the majority of patients (25/32 patients) demonstrated increased uptake in at least 1 head and neck muscle group, with an average of 3 muscle groups per patient. The muscle groups with the greatest frequencies were the prevertebral (50%), the accessory neck (47%), the posterior paravertebral (47%), and the scalene muscles (38%). Relative to pretherapy scans, the mean intensity of the post-therapy elevations corresponded to greater SUVs.FDG PET-CT scan commonly depicts an elevated FDG muscle uptake in all regional anatomic muscle groups in the post-therapy head and neck cancer patient. This uptake should be considered as a consequence of treatment and perhaps changes in altered biomechanics, and not be confused with residual or recurrent neoplastic activity.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Bevacizumab and Low-Dose Metronomic Oral Cyclophosphamide in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Trial of the California, Chicago, and Princess Margaret Hospital Phase II Consortia
Authors: Agustin A. Garcia, Hal Hirte, Gini Fleming, Dongyun Yang, Denice D. Tsao-Wei, Lynda Roman, Susan Groshen, Steve Swenson, Frank Markland, David Gandara, Sidney Scudder, Robert Morgan, Helen Chen, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Amit M. Oza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the biology of ovarian cancer (OC). Inhibitors of VEGF suppress tumor growth in OC models. Metronomic chemotherapy, defined as frequent administration of low doses of cytotoxic chemotherapy, suppresses tumor growth, possibly by inhibiting angiogenesis. A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the antitumor activity and adverse effects of bevacizumab and metronomic oral cyclophosphamide in women with recurrent OC. Patients and Methods Patients with measurable disease and prior treatment with a platinum-containing regimen were eligible. Up to two different regimens for recurrent disease were allowed. Treatment consisted of bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks and oral cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d. The primary end point was progression-free survival at 6 months. Plasma levels of VEGF, E-selectin, and thrombospondin-1 were obtained serially. Results Seventy patients were enrolled. The probability of being alive and progression free at 6 months was 56% (± 6% SE). A partial response was achieved in 17 patients (24%). Median time to progression and survival were 7.2 and 16.9 months, respectively. The most common serious toxicities were hypertension, fatigue, and pain. Bevacizumab-related toxicities included four episodes of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula, two episodes each of CNS ischemia and pulmonary hypertension, and one episode each of gastrointestinal bleeding and wound healing complication. There were three treatment-related deaths. Levels of VEGF, E-selectin, and thrombospondin-1 were not associated with clinical outcome. Conclusion The combination of bevacizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide is active in recurrent OC. Further study of this combination is warranted.