tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality from Crohn's disease in Leicestershire, 1972-1989: an epidemiological community based study.
Authors: C S Probert, V Jayanthi, A C Wicks, J F Mayberry
Journal: Gut (1992)

Mortality among 610 people with Crohn9s disease identified in a population based study from 1972-89 was assessed. In Europeans the overall mortality was not increased, the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 71.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 49 to 101). The SMR in South Asians was 0, (95% CI 0 to 1590). The SMR varied with the site of disease (chi 2 (4) = 10.5, p &lt; 0.05) and was highest in those with duodenal and jejunal involvement (SMR = 210, 95% CI 44 to 621). Survival curve comparisons showed that colonic disease carried a worse prognosis than terminal ileal disease (chi-2 = 9, p &lt; 0.01) or mixed site disease (chi-2 = 4.7, p &lt; 0.05). Mortality was particularly high during the first six years. It was increased in patients who had undergone more than one resection (SMR = 137, 95% CI 28 to 401) or an ileoanal anastomosis (SMR = 357, 95% CI 9 to 1070), although no difference was significant. Mortality did not change significantly during the study. Such information needs to be made available, not just to patients, their families, and their doctors, but perhaps more importantly, to actuaries, insurers, and those advising employers.
Expanding Insurance Coverage Through Tax Credits, Consumer Choice, and Market Enhancements
Authors: Donald J. Palmisano, David W. Emmons, Gregory D. Wozniak
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Recent reports showing an increase in the number of uninsured individuals in the United States have given heightened attention to increasing health insurance coverage. The American Medical Association (AMA) has proposed a system of tax credits for the purchase of individually owned health insurance and enhancements to individual and group health insurance markets as a means of expanding coverage. Individually owned insurance would enable people to maintain coverage without disruption to existing patient-physician relationships, regardless of changes in employers or in work status. The AMA's plan would empower individuals to choose their health plan and give patients and their physicians more control over health care choices. Employers could continue to offer employment-based coverage, but employees would not be limited to the health plans offered by their employer. With a tax credit large enough to make coverage affordable and the ability to choose their own coverage, consumers would dramatically transform the individual and group health insurance markets. Health insurers would respond to the demands of individual consumers and be more cautious about increasing premiums. Insurers would also tailor benefit packages and develop new forms of coverage to better match the preferences of individuals and families. The AMA supports the development of new health insurance markets through legislative and regulatory changes to foster a wider array of high-quality, affordable plans.
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by RNA interference
Authors: A Shlomai
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific gene silencing, initiated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that is homologous in sequence to the target gene. Because it has been shown that RNAi can be accomplished in cultured mammalian cells by introducing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), much effort has been invested in exploiting this phenomenon for experimental and therapeutic means. In this study, we present a series of experiments showing a significant reduction in hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts and proteins in cell culture, as well as in the viral replicative forms, induced by siRNA-producing vectors. The antiviral effect is sequence-specific and does not depend on active viral replication. In conclusion, our data suggest that RNAi may provide a powerful therapeutic tool, acting both on replication-competent and on replication-incompetent HBV. (Hepatology 2003;37:764-770.)
A STUDY OF THE RELATION OF TREPONEMA PALLIDUM TO LYMPHOID TISSUES IN EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A widespread dissemination of Treponema pallidum from a local focus of inoculation in the rabbit constantly occurs by way of the lymphatics. Spirochetes were regularly recovered from the satellite lymph nodes by animal inoculation after scrotal inoculation; they were present as early as 2 days, when no specific primary reaction was detected, and at later periods of from 5 to 61 days after inoculation. Other superficial nodes at remote sites such as the popliteals and with no syphilitic lesions in the drainage area have also been shown to harbor active organisms. Although spirochetes were found in relatively few of the lymph node emulsions, the orchitis resulting from their injection was of a rapidly progressive type with an incubation period but slightly longer than that produced by a testicular or skin nodule emulsion rich in spirochetes. It has further been shown that a syphilitic infection is sufficiently established in the rabbit body within 48 hours after scrotal inoculation so that the primary lesion is no longer essential for its maintenance. Active treponemata survive in the popliteal lymph nodes for long periods of time and have been regularly recovered from them in cases of true latency. The lymph nodes, therefore, function as reservoirs of the organisms. The ability to recover the spirochetes from lymphoid tissue through successive generations is seen in the serial passage of lymph node emulsion to testicle during an 18 months period. The persistence of spirochetes in lymphoid tissue irrespective of the presence or absence of syphilitic lesions is a characteristic and fundamental feature of syphilis of the rabbit. The existence of infection, therefore, may be demonstrated at any time by the recovery of spirochetes from the popliteal lymph nodes by animal inoculation. This fact is of great practical importance in the therapy of the infection and may be profitably utilized in determining the ultimate effect of a therapeutic agent. These experiments demonstrate that the disease is not confined to the site of local inoculation but that lymphogenous dissemination of treponemata regularly takes place, and that during the course of this process organisms become localized in the lymph nodes and exist there indefinitely irrespective of the occurrence of manifestations of disease. The intimate relation of Treponema pallidum to lymphoid tissue is an essential concept of syphilis of the rabbit, and from this point of view, the infection is primarily one of lymphoid tissue.
Intrinsic-factor Antibody and Absorption of Vitamin B12 in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: M. S. Rose, I. Chanarin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The mean urinary excretion in a vitamin-B(12) absorption (Schilling) test in control subjects was 19.2% and in pernicious anaemia when given with additional intrinsic factor was as follows: no intrinsic-factor antibodies demonstrable 19.3%, antibodies in serum only 14.4%, antibodies in gastric juice only 11.1%, and antibodies in both serum and gastric juice 8.4%. It is concluded that intrinsic-factor antibody exerts an adverse effect on vitamin-B(12) absorption in most patients with pernicious anaemia.
Medical ethics and the potentialities of the living being
Authors: R J Berry
Journal: BMJ (1985)

patients with apparently high diagnostic yield.These findings suggest that the results of these examinations contribute to patient management, but this question can be answered only by a prospective efficacy study.Although "doctors are trained to act and not to think,"' our data suggest that more consideration might perhaps be given by a general practitioner in requesting a barium meal examination than by a young gastroenterologist anxious to perform an endoscopy.
Abstract LB-22: P53 genetic polymorphisms, interactions with lifestyle factors and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population.
Authors: Yanli Li, Shen-Chih Chang, Rungui Niu, Li Liu, Christina R. Crabtree-Ide, Baoxing Zhao, Jianping Shi, Xiaoyou Han, Jiawei Li, Jia Su, Lin Cai, Shunzhang Yu, Zuo-Feng Zhabg, Lina Mu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: A GWAS study suggested rs2078486 was a novel functional p53 SNP, but very few studies replicate this association. P53 rs1042522 is the most commonly studied SNP, but very few studies examined its potential interaction with environmental factors in relation to lung cancer risk. This study aims to examine associations between two p53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2078486, rs1042522), their potential interaction with environmental factors and risk of lung cancer. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Taiyuan, China. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Multiplicative and additive interactions between p53 SNPs and lifestyle factors were evaluated. Results: Variant p53 rs2078486 SNP was significantly associated with elevated lung cancer risk among smokers (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.67) and individuals with high indoor air pollution exposure (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.00-2.30). Significant or borderline significant multiplicative and additive interactions were found between p53 rs2078486 polymorphism with smoking and indoor air pollution exposure. The variant genotype of p53 SNP rs1042522 significantly increased lung cancer risk in the total population (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11-2.21), but there was no evidence of heterogeneity among individuals with different lifestyle factors. Conclusion: This study confirmed that p53 rs2078486 SNP is potentially a novel functional p53 SNP that may affect lung cancer risk. Our study also suggested potential synergetic effects of p53 rs2078486 SNP with smoking and indoor air pollution exposure on lung cancer risk. Citation Format: Yanli Li, Shen-Chih Chang, Rungui Niu, Li Liu, Christina R. Crabtree-Ide, Baoxing Zhao, Jianping Shi, Xiaoyou Han, Jiawei Li, Jia Su, Lin Cai, Shunzhang Yu, Zuo-Feng Zhabg, Lina Mu. P53 genetic polymorphisms, interactions with lifestyle factors and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-22. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-22
Spring Books: Science for surgeons
Authors: R Y Calne
Journal: BMJ (1977)

from his fellow officers and irritated them by his impatient, bad-tempered behaviour, and his odd appearance.His com- panions were largely restricted to his animals and the black servant he always had by his side.The comparison is not really fair, of course, because Jan Morris had a loving and secure childhood, a stable marriage, and an understanding wife and children, together with a sensitivity, humour, and insight which Barry apparently lacked.Florence Nightingale, with whom Barry clashed in the Crimea, later said: "After she was dead I was told she was a woman.I should say she was the most hardened creature I ever met
Adult coeliac disease
Authors: W. T. Cooke, D. J. Fone, E. V. Cox, M. J. Meynell, R. Gaddie
Journal: Gut (1963)

A clinical, biochemical, and pathological study is recorded of 50 patients in whom a diagnosis of idiopathic steatorrhea had been made and who had `flat9 jejunal biopsies. It is suggested that there is an underlying constitutional defect, not yet clearly defined, and that possibly secondary intestinal infection allows the intestinal mucosa to become sensitized to substances in the diet. Of these gluten is the commonest; milk adversely affects others; and there may be other factors.
Evidence and ideology
Authors: I. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether the use of multiple antidiabetic medications is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. <h3>Design</h3> A case-crossover study. <h3>Setting</h3> Cases were enrolled from the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in Amman, Jordan. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients were those with diabetes mellitus and reported incident of a hypoglycaemic event in their medical records during the period January 2007 to July 2017. Patients with multiple antidiabetic medications were those with at least two antidiabetic medications. <h3>Primary outcome</h3> History of antidiabetic medication use was extracted from the pharmacy records. The use of multiple antidiabetic medications during the risk window (before hypoglycaemia) was compared with a control window(s) (earlier time) of the same length after a washout period. Conditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate the OR of hypoglycaemia between the treatment groups. A secondary analysis was performed in patients with a blood glucose measurement of ≤70 mg/dL. <h3>Results</h3> 182 patients (106 females, 58.2%) were included in the study with an average age of 59.9 years (SD=9.9). The patients’ average body mass index was 31.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (SD=6.2). Compared with monotherapy, the OR of hypoglycaemic events for patients with multiple antidiabetic medications was 5.00 (95% CI 1.10 to 22.82). The OR was 6.00 (95% CI 0.72 to 49.84) for the secondary analysis patient group (n=94). Ten-fold increased risk was found in patients (n=155) with insulin and sulfonylurea-based combination therapy (OR 10.00;95% CI 1.28 to 78.12). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications appears to increase the risk of hypoglycaemic events. Patients and healthcare professionals should be extra vigilant when patients are on multiple antidiabetic medications therapy, especially the combination of sulfonylurea and insulin.
Deficiency of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Functional correlates and evidence for a phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor.
Authors: P Selvaraj, M L Dustin, R Silber, M G Low, T A Springer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) is a widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein that binds to the T lymphocyte CD2 surface glycoprotein. This interaction mediates CTL-target cell conjugate formation and adhesion of thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells. CD2 is also the E rosette receptor of T lymphocytes and mediates rosetting with autologous E by binding to LFA-3. We describe deficient expression of LFA-3 on E from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. PNH is an acquired defect affecting phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins, of which decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is most important in the clinical symptoms of PNH. LFA-3-negative, weakly positive, and positive populations were found among PNH E. There was a good correlation with DAF deficiency. PNH E exhibited decreased binding of 125I-CD2 and rosetting with a human T lymphoma cell line. PNH E readily incorporated purified LFA-3, restoring LFA-3 expression and the CD2 binding and rosetting activity to normal levels. The expression of DAF was not restored after the incorporation of purified LFA-3 into PNH E, showing that LFA-3 and DAF are different molecules. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) treatment of a B lymphoma cell line released 35% of the cell surface LFA-3 and 62% of DAF. LFA-3 on E was resistant to PIPLC. However, when LFA-3 purified from human E was reconstituted in sheep E or human E and subjected to PIPLC treatment, 40-50% of LFA-3 was released from the cell membrane. The results show that LFA-3 is attached to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol glycolipid moiety, and confirm previous findings (37-41) that LFA-3 is a cell adhesion molecule that mediates adhesion by interacting with CD2 antigen.
Inhibition of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial cell activation by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor during human endotoxemia
Authors: Judith Branger, Bernt van den Blink, Sebastiaan Weijer, Abhya Gupta, Sander J.H. van Deventer, C. Erik Hack, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Tom van der Poll
Journal: Blood (2003)
Palmar eccrine sweating—the role of adrenergic and cholinergic mediators
Authors: JOHN E. WOLF, HOWARD I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Palmar eccrine sweating—the role of adrenergic and cholinergic mediators Get access JOHN E. WOLF, JOHN E. WOLF Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HOWARD I. MAIBACH HOWARD I. MAIBACH Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U. S. A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 4, 1 October 1974, Pages 439–446, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb13084.x Published: 01 October 1974 Article history Accepted: 11 September 1973 Published: 01 October 1974
Clonal growth of hamster free alveolar cells in soft agar.
Authors: H S Lin, C Kuhn, T Kuo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Free alveolar cells obtained from healthy unstimulated hamsters were tested for their ability to form colonies in soft agar. Every bronchial washing so far tested contained colon-forming cells. The average plating efficiency was 8.1% (2.4-18.3%). Alveolar colony-forming cells were characterized by having a long initial lag period (4-8 days) and only mononuclear phagocytes were found in the colony. Medium conditioned by baby hamster kidney cells or other cells was required for the initiation and maintenance of their growth. Alveolar cells from normal mice and rats also formed colonies under appropriate culture conditions.
Madonna and Child in a Landscape
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
South Africa to regulate healers
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A law to regulate traditional healers in South Africa has been passed by parliament to acclaim from the predominantly black parliamentarians, who are relieved that a widely practised form of health care in the country will be officially recognised.

The law seeks to regulate the practice and practitioners in much the same way as doctors and other health practitioners are now. An interim council will be set up within three months to begin the process of …
Noninvasive detection of pulmonary hypertension in patent ductus arteriosus by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: J G Stevenson, I Kawabori, W G Guntheroth
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Twenty-five patients with proven patent ductus arteriosus were examined by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) before invasive assessment. Ten patients had normal pulmonary artery pressures, and by PDE, pandiastolic ductal flow. Fifteen patients had elevation of mean pulmonary artery pressure, and by PDE, all had abbreviations of diastolic ductal flow. PDE correctly distinguished between patients with normal pressure and those with evidence of pulmonary hypertension; the ECG did not allow such differentiation. Detection by PDE of pulmonary hypertension complicating patent ductus arteriosus appears to be clinically useful.
ARMY NURSE CORPS
Authors: Ira C. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The story "The Army Nurse Corps" in the April 18 issue, page 1374, is incomplete. Women trained nurses entered the United States Army Medical Service in August 1898 at Montauk, N. Y. The deaths at the General Hospital where I was executive officer averaged fifteen a day. Nursing was our great need. Through Howard Townsend, Red Cross executive at Montauk, I asked President McKinley for these nurses. Authority was at once given. During the period left out in your article nurses served in the United States, in the Philippines, in Cuba and in Puerto Rico; also on the hospital ship<i>Relief.</i>It seems too bad that the pioneer nurses should not be given credit for the heroic work done then and since.
Sitting Time and Waist Circumference Are Associated With Glycemia in U.K. South Asians
Authors: Jason M.R. Gill, Raj Bhopal, Anne Douglas, Sunita Wallia, Ruby Bhopal, Aziz Sheikh, John F. Forbes, John McKnight, Naveed Sattar, Gordon Murray, Michael E.J. Lean, Sarah H. Wild
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate the independent contributions of waist circumference, physical activity, and sedentary behavior on glycemia in South Asians living in Scotland.Participants were 1,228 (523 men and 705 women) adults of Indian or Pakistani origin screened for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial. All undertook an oral glucose tolerance test, had physical activity and sitting time assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and had waist circumference measured.Mean ± SD age and waist circumference were 49.8 ± 10.1 years and 99.2 ± 10.2 cm, respectively. One hundred ninety-one participants had impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance, and 97 had possible type 2 diabetes. In multivariate regression analysis, age (0.012 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ year⁻¹ [95% CI 0.006-0.017]) and waist circumference (0.018 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ cm⁻¹ [0.012-0.024]) were significantly independently associated with fasting glucose concentration, and age (0.032 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ year⁻¹ [0.016-0.049]), waist (0.057 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ cm⁻¹ [0.040-0.074]), and sitting time (0.097 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ h⁻¹ ⋅ day⁻¹ [0.036-0.158]) were significantly independently associated with 2-h glucose concentration. Vigorous activity time had a borderline significant association with 2-h glucose concentration (-0.819 mmol ⋅ L⁻¹ ⋅ h⁻¹ ⋅ day⁻¹ [-1.672 to 0.034]) in the multivariate model.These data highlight an important relationship between sitting time and 2-h glucose levels in U.K. South Asians, independent of physical activity and waist circumference. Although the data are cross-sectional and thus do not permit firm conclusions about causality to be drawn, the results suggest that further study investigating the effects of sitting time on glycemia and other aspects of metabolic risk in South Asian populations is warranted.