tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Preoperative and Postoperative Bone Scanning in the Management of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Frederic H. Gerber, James J. Goodreau, Peter T. Kirchner, William J. Fouty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

With use of 99mtechnetium-labeled phosphates, we performed preoperative bone scans on 122 women with biopsy-proved breast carcinoma. Only two of the 110 patients with Stage I or II disease had scan abnormalities interpreted as bone metastases. Of 55 patients with normal preoperative scans, 20 later had changes suggesting bone metastases on the subsequent scans, most within 24 months of operation. In women with Stage I and II tumors, 13 of 48 (27 per cent) had scan evidence of bone metastasis of postoperative follow-up examination. Five of 23 with potential surgical cures (negative lymph nodes at operation) had bone metastasis within two years of operation. In Stage I and II patients, postoperative discovery of evolving metastases was most often (11 to 13) made by bone scan. Although the initial yield from preoperative bone scans is low, preoperative scanning combined with sequential postoperative scans constitutes one of the most sensitive indicators of evolving metastatic disease.
Human TH17 cells express a functional IL-13 receptor and IL-13 attenuates IL-17A production
Authors: Dawn C. Newcomb, Madison G. Boswell, Weisong Zhou, Matthew M. Huckabee, Kasia Goleniewska, Carla M. Sevin, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Jay K. Kolls, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Gene therapy of endometriosis introduced by polymeric micelles with glycolipid-like structure
Authors: Meng-Dan Zhao, Yan-Mei Sun, Guo-Fang Fu, Yong-Zhong Du, Feng-Ying Chen, Hong Yuan, Cai-Hong Zheng, Xin-Mei Zhang, Fu-Qiang Hu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Cytomegalovirus Disease: Can it be Prevented?
Authors: HENRY H. BALFOUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

ExcerptCytomegalovirus is a major pathogen in immunosuppressed patients (1) and newborn infants (2). Effective treatment for cytomegalovirus disease has yet to be found. A placebo-controlled study of intravenous acyclovir therapy in 16 immunocompromised patients with acquired cytomegalovirus disease suggested the efficacy of this treatment (3), but this trial must be extended and confirmed before acyclovir can be classified as an anticytomegalovirus drug. Thomas and associates (4) reported that transfer factor was associated with decreased viral shedding in three congenitally infected infants but could not confirm their preliminary observations in a doubleblind trial (5). Encouraged by finding that transfer factor injections...
Effects of low dosage progestin-only administration upon plasma triglycerides and lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women.
Authors: B M Wolfe, M W Huff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Oral administration to five postmenopausal women of dl-norgestrel (0.075 mg/d for 7 wk) reduced mean fasting plasma levels of triglycerides by 29% (P < 0.001), VLDL triglycerides by 39% (P < 0.01), and VLDL apo B by 26% (P < 0.05), while lowering mean total cholesterol by 7% (P < 0.06). To explain these observations the kinetics of VLDL and LDL apo B turnover were studied by injecting autologous 125I-labeled VLDL and 131I-labeled LDL under control conditions and again in the fourth week of a 7-wk course of dl-norgestrel. VLDL apo B pool size fell by an average of 27% (1.2 vs 1.7 mg/kg, P < 0.06) and production of apo B by 18% (18 vs 22 mg/kg per d, P < 0.05) with unchanged fractional catabolic rate. Production of LDL apo B increased 36% with dl-norgestrel (12 vs 9.4 mg/kg per d, P < 0.05), but this was compensated by a 36% increase in fractional catabolic rate of LDL apo B (0.33 vs 0.25 pools/d, P < 0.005), thereby maintaining pool size. Lipoprotein (a) fell by an average of 12% (16 vs 18 mg/dl, P < 0.06). dl-Norgestrel reduced VLDL triglycerides (40 vs 64 mg/dl, P < 0.05), intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol (14 vs 19 mg/dl, P < 0.02), IDL apo B (5.3 vs 7.2 mg/dl, P < 0.05), and VLDL cholesterol (3.1 vs 5.1 mg/dl, 0.10 > P > 0.05), in parallel with the reductions in VLDL apo B production and pool size. dl-Norgestrel significantly lowered the production rate of VLDL apo B, thereby decreasing plasma VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein concentrations.
Environmental Exposure Assessment of Pesticides in Farmworker Homes
Authors: Jane A. Hoppin, John L. Adgate, Monty Eberhart, Marcia Nishioka, P. Barry Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Farmworkers and their families are exposed to pesticides both at work and in their homes. Environmental exposure assessment provides a means to evaluate pesticides in the environment and human contact with these chemicals through identification of sources and routes of exposure. To date, a variety of methods have been used to assess pesticide exposure among farmworker families, mostly focusing on dust and handwipe samples. While many of the methods are similar, differences in the collection, chemical analysis, and statistical analysis, can limit the comparability of results from farmworker studies. This mini-monograph discusses the strategies used to assess pesticide exposures, presents limitations in the available data for farmworkers, and suggests research needs for future studies of pesticide exposure among farmworker families.
Bullous lichen planus caused by labetalol.
Authors: R W Gange, E W Jones
Journal: BMJ (1978)

single dose of lithium or phenytoin sodium was given to the rats before administering tranylcypromine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor) plus L-tryptophan.Moreover, if either drug was given in multiple doses over two days there was a pronounced increase in brain synthesis of serotonin.Although they did not examine the combined effects of lithium and phenytoin sodium, they drew attention to their similar action.Possibly the two drugs acted synergistically in our patient, with the resultant toxicity despite normal serum lithium concentra- tions.A third factor is that our patient probably had pre-existing minimal brain damage, which would explain his odd personality, abnormal EEGs, and history suggestive of epilepsy.There is the remote possibility that such patients have an abnormally low tolerance to lithium.All three hypotheses bear further investigation and should be considered if further cases of CNS toxicity occur in patients with therapeutic lithium concentrations.In general, closer observation should be kept for the possible synergistic action of drugs in patients who develop severe side effects.
A4.12 Hand bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis but not in psoriatic arthritis after 1 year of treatment as measured by digital x-ray radiogrammetry
Authors: A Szentpetery, M Haroon, P Gallagher, E Heffernan, O FitzGerald
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Despite RA and PsA share similar pathophysiological concepts, there are profound differences in the anatomical localisation of inflammatory lesions and in periarticular bone structure. Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) is a sensitive method for quantifying changes in periarticular bone mineral density (DXR-BMD) in the early phase of the disease. The aim of this study was to compare changes in hand BMD as measured by DXR in early, treatment-naïve RA to PsA patients prior to and 3, 12 months after introducing an anti-rheumatic drug. <h3>Methods</h3> Recent-onset (&lt;12 months), active, treatment naïve PsA and RA patients were selected. Hand BMD was measured by DXR based on digitised hand radiographs (Sectra, Sweden) at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Mean DXR-BMD (mg/cm<sup>2</sup>) values of both hands and changes in DXR-BMD (mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/month) were compared between the two groups. Changes in hand BMD were further analysed by dividing PsA and RA into 3 subgroups based on cut-offs for the categories normal, elevated BMD loss (&gt;-0.25 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/month) and highly elevated BMD loss (&gt;-2.5 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/month). <h3>Results</h3> 64 patients (32 RA, 32 PsA) were included with median age 43 years. 95% of the patients were started on a DMARD at baseline and stayed on it at 12 months; 12.5% and 34.5% received TNFi in combination with a DMARD, respectively. 69% of RA and 68% of PsA patients were EULAR responders at 3 months, and 80% and 82% at 12 months, respectively. Mean hand DXR-BMD was lower in both diseases at 3 months compared to baseline. In RA DXR-BMD decreased further and was lower at 1 year compared to baseline (p = 0.004) and to 3 months (p = 0.002). In contrast mean DXR-BMD increased from 3 to 12 months in PsA (p = 0.07). Hand BMD was higher in PsA than in RA throughout the study. Patients started on a TNFi in combination with a DMARD had higher hand DXR-BMD at 3 and 12 months comparing with those who started on a DMARD monotherapy (p = 0.015 and p = 0.021, respectively). Among all patients with elevated BMD loss, change in DXR-BMD was less marked in the PsA group compared to RA from baseline to 3 (p = 0.018) and from 3 to 12 months (p = 0.011). Highly elevated bone loss was present only in the RA cohort at 1 year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study comparing hand BMD changes in RA to PsA using DXR. Despite intervention of appropriate anti-rheumatic drug and improvement in disease activity measures, we found hand bone loss in RA, but bone gain in PsA after 12 months. Our observations support the hypothesis of different pathomechanisms being involved in hand bone remodelling in PsA.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of rectal masses.
Authors: R Kochhar, A Rajwanshi, J D Wig, N M Gupta, V Kesiezie, D K Bhasin, A K Malik, S K Gupta, S K Mehta
Journal: Gut (1990)

This paper describes the results of transproctoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of rectal lesions. Fifty one consecutive patients referred with a presumptive diagnosis of rectal mass were subjected to proctoscopic examination when fine needle aspiration cytology, brush cytology and biopsy samples were taken. Of the 30 patients of malignancy of rectum in whom all the three sampling techniques were applied, the biopsy was positive in 27 (90%), brush cytology in 25 (83.3%) and fine needle aspiration cytology in 29 (96.6%). A combination of fine needle aspiration cytology with brush cytology gave a positive yield in 96.6% while that fine needle aspiration cytology with brush cytology gave a yield of 100%. Fine needle aspiration cytology was most helpful in infiltrative tumours. All 10 patients with secondaries in the pouch of Douglas or rectovesical pouch, and the single patient with submucosal rectal carcinoma were correctly diagnosed at fine needle aspiration cytology. There were no false positive results with fine needle aspiration cytology and no complications were encountered with the procedure.
Labour pledges cleaner hospitals and a more patient friendly health service
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

John Reid, England's health secretary, promised the public a more customer friendly health service with an emphasis on prevention rather than just cure if Labour retains power at the next election. Mr Reid, however, stopped short of banning smoking in public places, a move which had been anticipated in many quarters, issuing instead an inscrutable statement that leaves the issue of smoking in pubs and restaurants up in the air.

Speaking at the Labour party conference in Brighton last week, Mr Reid said that “we will help people to make the healthier choice more easily” with a promise that in the future under New Labour it would be “more difficult to do deals in smoke filled rooms.”

The Department of Health was unable to expand on Mr Reid's statement and said the …
Possible mechanisms of the concentration‐dependent action of substance P to induce histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and the effect of extracellular calcium on mast‐cell activation
Authors: H. Amano, M. Kurosawa, Y. Miyachi
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Rat peritoneal mast cells purified on a Percoll gradient were loaded with the fluorescent Ca 2+ indicator fura‐2 and were challenged with different concentrations of substance P (SP), and intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca 2+ ] i ) were measured by a spectrofluorometric assay. SP at 5 × 10 −6 mol/1 and 10 −5 mol/1 caused a significant histamine release with a significant increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in a dose‐dependent manner. However, SP at 10 −8 ‐10 −6 mol/1 did not induce either histamine release or increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . Extracellular calcium at 0.9 mM inhibited the histamine release with a significant reduction of [Ca 2+ ] i compared with that of the cells in a nominally calcium‐free condition. These results indicate that the action of SP on rat mast cells relies upon [Ca 2+ ] i to induce histamine release.
Campaign Contributions, Lobbying, and the U.S. Health Sector — An Update
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The 2008 U.S. presidential election is already the most expensive ever, with overall fund-raising surpassing that for the 2004 contest and the Democrats holding a large lead in the money race. Dr. Robert Steinbrook writes that it is remarkable that the health sector has reversed a long-standing pattern of favoring Republican candidates.
560 OBSTETRIC HISTORY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN FEMALE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B CARRIERS
Authors: T.T. Lao, H.L.Y. Chan, S.L. Chan, V.W.S. Wong, S.S.H. Suen, C.O.K. Chan, T.K.W. Cheung, T.Y. Leung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac output in critically ill patients with thoracocardiography.
Authors: K E Bloch, P C Baumann, R Stocker, E W Russi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Thoracocardiography noninvasively estimates changes in cardiac output by recording ventricular volume curves from an inductive plethysmographic transducer placed around the chest near the xiphoid process. We evaluated performance of thoracocardiography for estimation of cardiac output in 21 critically ill patients in comparison to thermodilution. A total of 201 paired cardiac output measurements were obtained over periods of 35 to 254 min. Since thoracocardiography tracks relative changes in cardiac output but does not provide absolute values, the first cardiac output by thermodilution in each patient was used to calibrate thoracocardiography for comparisons of subsequent cardiac output estimates to thermodilution. The mean difference (bias) of cardiac output (thoracocardiography - thermodilution) was 0.0 L/min, the limits of agreement (bias +/- 2 SD) included a range from -1.5 to +1.6 L/min. For estimations of relative changes in cardiac output by thoracocardiography and thermodilution the bias was 0%, and the limits of agreement -21 and +22%. We conclude that thoracocardiography is a promising noninvasive technique for monitoring cardiac output in critically ill patients.
The Patient-Physician Relationship: Time to Reimburse What We Preach
Authors: William A. Hensel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —If I had the opportunity to edit the excellent article by Drs Balint and Shelton1on the patient-physician relationship, I would have suggested that they apply the same case scenario used to illustrate existing models to their new alliance model. I will take the liberty of doing so to emphasize a few crucial points.  They describe a 52-year-old man who has lower abdominal pain exacerbated by stress and a positive family history of colon cancer. He has had symptoms for 20 years, a normal barium enema and sigmoidoscopy at age 50 years, and negative annual fecal occult blood testing. He now demands a colonoscopy.  In the alliance model proposed by Balint and Shelton, the patient would have an ongoing relationship with a generalist physician. This physician would know if such demands for tests were typical or unusual for this patient. If typical, the physician would already
A REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN SPORT
Authors: M Wakeman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Health benefits can be attributed to an ability to assist the natural microflora, either to re-establish itself following imbalance or upregulate vital metabolic functions of the bacteria. Only a few select cultures have actually been proven to be beneficial and justifiably be called ‘Probiotics’ and include certain strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria (including Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria ) which have conclusive health benefits on the host. Gut microbiota play a vital role in: maintenance of appropriate gut pH; digestive function through enzyme activity; modulation of immune function; production of antimicrobial substances, thus defending against invaders and maintaining a balance of microflora; synthesis of certain vitamins; production of amino acids and recycling of nitrogen; synthesis of short chain fatty acids; detoxification and transformation of many substances. There is growing evidence that probiotic supplementation may be helpful in some specific conditions, notably side effects of antibiotics, IBS, general immune support, allergy and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) reduction. Given these potential benefits there is interest in the use of probiotics specifically in athletes to help maintain overall general health, enhance immune function or reduce URTI incidence and symptom severity/duration. To date, most studies of probiotic interventions in athletes have been relatively small scale, but there is growing evidence pointing to a benefit in a number of areas which will be of interest to athletes in terms of their ability to maintain and/or boosting immune function through well understood mechanisms of action. There may also be more specific conditions where use might be relevant. This review assesses the evidence of the value of probiotic usage in sport.
Immunohistochemical findings in jejunal specimens from patients with IgA deficiency.
Authors: T Klemola, E Savilahti, A Arato, T Ormala, J Partanen, C Eland, S Koskimies
Journal: Gut (1995)

Jejunal biopsy specimens from 25 patients with IgA deficiency (IgAd) were studied immunohistochemically to find markers of inflammation. Five of the 25 patients had coeliac disease (CD): they were on a gluten free diet and had normal jejunal morphology. Only two of 15 specimens from control subjects had CD25+ cells in the surface epithelium, while this was seen in 19 out of 20 specimens from IgAd patients (p < 0.0001). A significant increase of CD25+ cells was also noted in the lamina propria of IgAd patients. The median percentage of crypt cells in mitosis (Ki67+ cells) was higher in the specimens from IgAd patients (26%) than in those from controls (13%, p < 0.001). The densities of gamma delta T cell receptor positive cells in the surface epithelium and lamina propria did not differ in the specimens from IgAd patients and those of controls nor was the expression of HLA class II antigens augmented in the surface epithelium. These findings were similar for the IgAd patients whether or not the patient had DQB 0201 allele, a genetic marker which is strongly associated with CD. The inadequacy of the local immunoglobulins in patients with IgAd may lead to increased T cell activation, which is accompanied by the appearance of intraepithelial CD25+ cells and with an increase in the mitotic rate in the crypts.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effect of Deliberate Perioperative Increase of Oxygen Delivery on Mortality in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Owen Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To assess the effect of deliberate perioperative increase in oxygen delivery on mortality and morbidity in patients who are at high risk of both following surgery.Prospective, randomized clinical trial.A teaching hospital general intensive care unit, London, England.A total of 107 surgical patients, who were assessed as high risk from previously identified criteria, were studied during an 18-month period.Patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 54) that received best standard perioperative care, or to a protocol group (n = 53) that, in addition, had deliberate increase of oxygen delivery index to greater than 600 mL/min per square meter by use of dopexamine hydrochloride infusion.Mortality and complications were assessed to 28 days postoperatively.Groups were similar with respect to demographics, admission criteria, operation type, and admission hemodynamic variables. Groups were treated similarly to maintain blood pressure, arterial saturation, hemoglobin concentration, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure; however, once additional treatment with dopexamine hydrochloride had been given, the protocol group had significantly higher oxygen delivery preoperatively (median, 597 vs 399 mL/min per square meter; P < .001) and postoperatively (P < .001). Results indicate a 75% reduction in mortality (5.7% vs 22.2%; P = .015) and a halving of the mean (+/- SEM) number of complications per patient (0.68 [+/- 0.16] vs 1.35 [+/- 0.20]; P = .008) in patients randomized to the protocol group.Perioperative increase of oxygen delivery with dopexamine hydrochloride significantly reduces mortality and morbidity in high-risk surgical patients.
Imbalanced MHC class II molecule expression at surface of murine B cell lymphomas.
Authors: M Zijlstra, W L Vasmel, M Voormanns, R E de Goede, H J Schoenmakers, J Nieland, R M Slater, C J Melief
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

To study the role of class II MHC expression in mouse lymphomagenesis, we examined the cell surface expression of I-A/E antigens on 24 spontaneous or murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced mouse B10.A (I-Ak, I-Ek) B cell lymphomas. Two primary B10.A B cell lymphomas were observed with strong I-Ek expression but with only minimal cell surface I-Ak expression. Both tumors are readily transplantable in syngeneic mice, with maintenance of their I-A-, I-E+ phenotype. Strikingly, one I-A-, I-E+ B cell lymphoma contains a (11; 17) translocation with a breakpoint on chromosome 17 that is localized within or very close to the H-2 complex. DNA of both tumors contains normal restriction enzyme fragments of the A alpha and A beta genes. Northern blot analyses indicated that one I-A-, I-E+ tumor strongly expressed A alpha, E alpha, and E beta mRNAs but possessed only a weak expression of A beta mRNA. The other B cell lymphoma showed A beta, E alpha, and E beta mRNA expression but only minimal A alpha mRNA expression. In 11 primary B10.A B cell lymphomas with a normal I-A+, I-E+ phenotype, no imbalances in A alpha/A beta mRNA levels were observed. The implications of these findings for the role of class II MHC expression in mouse B cell lymphoma-genesis are discussed.