tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacterial adhesion and disease activity in Helicobacter associated chronic gastritis.
Authors: S J Hessey, J Spencer, J I Wyatt, G Sobala, B J Rathbone, A T Axon, M F Dixon
Journal: Gut (1990)

Ultrastructural examination of biopsies showing Helicobacter pylori associated chronic gastritis reveals close attachment between gastric surface epithelial cells and the organism. The finding of 9adhesion pedestals9, which represents a cellular response to the presence of the organism, is analogous to the response of intestinal cells to enteropathogenic E coli. Thus the development of bacterial attachment sites in H pylori associated gastritis might be an indication of pathogenicity. We have therefore explored the relationship between the proportion of organisms forming attachment sites and histological indices of disease 9activity9. Antral biopsies from 40 patients with H pylori positive gastritis were examined histologically and ultrastructurally, and the percentage of attached organisms compared with subjective assessments of epithelial degeneration, mucin depletion, polymorphonuclear and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. We found a significant increase in the proportion of attached bacteria in cases showing histological epithelial degeneration, and a significant decrease in cases showing intraepithelial polymorph infiltration. The direct relationship between bacterial attachment and cellular degeneration lends further support to a pathogenic effect. Reduced attachment in the face of polymorph infiltration might indirectly reflect aspects of the immune response--namely, blocking of adhesion by IgA, with complement activation and generation of leucotactic factors.
Purpuric Lesions on Acral Sites
Authors: Juliet Fraser Gibson, Jonathan Scott Leventhal, Brett King
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Vascular Injury Triggers Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Mobilization and Cooperation With Specificity Protein 1 to Promote Endothelial Activation Through Upregulation of the Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 Gene
Authors: Eva M. Garrido-Martín, Francisco J. Blanco, Mercé Roquè, Laura Novensà, Mirko Tarocchi, Ursula E. Lang, Toru Suzuki, Scott L. Friedman, Luisa M. Botella, Carmelo Bernabéu
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) is an endothelial transforming growth factor β receptor involved in angiogenesis. ALK1 expression is high in the embryo vasculature, becoming less detectable in the quiescent endothelium of adult stages. However, ALK1 expression becomes rapidly increased after angiogenic stimuli such as vascular injury.To characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ALK1 on vascular injury.Alk1 becomes strongly upregulated in endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells of mouse femoral arteries after wire-induced endothelial denudation. In vitro denudation of monolayers of human umbilical vein ECs also leads to an increase in ALK1. Interestingly, a key factor in tissue remodeling, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) translocates to the cell nucleus during wound healing, concomitantly with an increase in the ALK1 gene transcriptional rate. KLF6 knock down in human umbilical vein ECs promotes ALK1 mRNA downregulation. Moreover, Klf6(+/-) mice have lower levels of Alk1 in their vasculature compared with their wild-type siblings. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that KLF6 interacts with ALK1 promoter in ECs, and this interaction is enhanced during wound healing. We demonstrate that KLF6 is transactivating ALK1 gene, and this transactivation occurs by a synergistic cooperative mechanism with specificity protein 1. Finally, Alk1 levels in vascular smooth muscle cells are not directly upregulated in response to damage, but in response to soluble factors, such as interleukin 6, released from ECs after injury.ALK1 is upregulated in ECs during vascular injury by a synergistic cooperative mechanism between KLF6 and specificity protein 1, and in vascular smooth muscle cells by an EC-vascular smooth muscle cell paracrine communication during vascular remodeling.
Studies of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide methemoglobin reductase activity in a jewish population
Authors: Michael R. Moore, Marcel E. Conrad, Edwin L. Bradley, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

In the original study of the deleterious effects of oxidant drugs on persons heterozygous for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase (NADH MetHb R) deficiency, several Jewish physicians used as controls had decreased enzyme activity. We collected blood samples from 555 Jewish persons to 1) estimate the heterozygote frequency for NADH MetHb R deficiency; and 2) determine if external variables such as age, gender, and ingested medications may alter the NADH MetHb R activity and thereby alter estimates of heterozygosity. Two persons possibly heterozygous for the deficiency were identified (carrier incidence = 1/309,000 jewish births). A difference in enzyme activity was found between males and females (P less than 0.03). We have examined the influence of the mean red cell age on the activity of erythrocyte NADH MetHb R and found it not to be materially influenced by mean red cell age; thus the possible intersex differences of mean red cell age cannot explain this observation. No significant difference (P greater than 0.1) was seen between persons ingesting the following drugs and those not: Dilantin; antidepressants/sedatives; cardiac, antineoplastic, or antigout/antiinflammatory drugs; thyroid supplements, estrogen-containing preparations, and antihistamines. NADH MetHb R activity did not correlate with age or spontaneous abortion. We conclude that heterozygosity for NADH MetHb R deficiency is not prevalent among Ashkenazic Jewish persons, and that external variables should be considered to ensure accurate interpretation of NADH MetHb R activity for correct estimation of heterozygosity.
An easy operation gone wrong
Authors: Nayan D Swadia
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I was operating on a 4 year old girl with unilateral inguinal hernia. Hernia is rare in girls and the inguinal variety is rarer still. In female inguinal hernia the inguinal canal contains only round ligament, which can be sacrificed, and unlike in males, there are no hassles of dissecting cord structures meticulously.

I made an inguinal incision and deepened till the external oblique aponeurosis, then I opened the inguinal canal, dissected the round ligament, and hooked it up on my little finger. I freed the hernia sac, ligated it, and excised at its highest point. Next, I placed two haemostats …
Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes
Authors: Ferdinando Iellamo, Jacopo M. Legramante, Fabio Pigozzi, Antonio Spataro, Guido Norbiato, Daniela Lucini, Massimo Pagani
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Benefits of moderate endurance training include increases in parasympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and a relative decrease in sympathetic tone. However, the effect of very intensive training load on neural cardiovascular regulation is not known. We tested the hypothesis that strenuous endurance training, like in high-performance athletes, would enhance sympathetic activation and reduce vagal inhibition. Methods and Results — We studied the entire Italian junior national team of rowing (n=7) at increasing training loads up to 75% and 100% of maximum, the latter ∼20 days before the Rowing World Championship. Autoregressive power spectral analysis was used to investigate RR interval and blood pressure (BP) variabilities. BRS was assessed by the sequences method. Increasing training load up to 75% of maximum was associated with a progressive resting bradycardia and increased indexes of cardiac vagal modulation and BRS. However, at 100% training load these effects were reversed, with increases in resting heart rate, diastolic BP, low-frequency RR interval, and BP variabilities and decreases in high-frequency RR variability and BRS. Three athletes later won medals in the World Championship. Conclusions — This study indicates that very intensive endurance training shifted the cardiovascular autonomic modulation from a parasympathetic toward a sympathetic predominance. This finding should be interpreted within the context of the substantial role played by the sympathetic nervous system in increasing cardiovascular performance at peak training. Whether the altered BP and autonomic function shown in this study might be in time hazardous to human cardiovascular system remains to be established.
Amylase resistance and insolubility of ageing costal cartilage in man.
Authors: J K van der Korst, A G Lansink, A E van Hooft-Aarnoutse
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

The solubility of human costal cartilage during exhaustive digestion with proteases (van der Korst, Sokoloff, and Miller, 1968) or 5 M guanidine-HCI (Miller, van der Korst, and Sokoloff, 1969) decreases with ageing.These observations stimulated us to investigate the quantitative effect of glycosaminoglycan and protein-degrading enzymes on costal cartilage in regard to age.The first enzyme studied was a-amylase, because crude preparations of this enzyme seem to have a peculiar effect on the inter- cellular substance of connective tissues, i.e. solubili- zation of collagen (Steven, 1964) and release of acid glycosaminoglycans (Quintarelli, Dellovo, Balduini, and Castellani, 1969). Material and methodsCostal cartilage was obtained from nine autopsy cases, varying in age from 14 to 93 years.No cases of rheumatic or collagen disease were included.The perichondrium and immediately subjacent tissues were dissected away and areas of calcification were removed.The cartilage was cut into small pieces with a scalpel and then lyophilized.The dried samples were ground in an electromagnetic micro- mill with an oscillating steel ball (Fritsch Pulverisette 0).Onlv powder passing through a sieve with openings of 0 1 mm.diameter was used for the following experiments.From each of the nine pulverized cartilage batches two 500-^.samples were taken.To both samples 12 5 ml. 0QL molar phosphate buffer in 0 8 per cent.NaCI pH 6 9 was added, and to one of them 12 5 mg.crude a-amlylase (SigmaR type Il1-A, from Bacillus subtilis, lot 17 B-0040, 64 units per mg.). (One unit releases I m>b.maltose from starch in 3 min.at pH 6 9 at 20'C.).Bot>samples were simultaneously incubated for 1 hour at 3?7 C. under constant stirring.Preliminary experiments, in ws hich the amount of crude a-amylase added varied from 0 to 2500 U per sample and the incubation time varied from 0 5 to 7 hours, had demonstrated that under the 2onditions ultimately chosen, a maximum release of uronic acid was obLained from a 42-year-old cartilage sarr-nle.T.: inactivate the enzyme both samples were lheated to boil.ig temperature after I hour of incubation.After centrifuging and filtering, the amounts of hexosamine and uronic acid were estimated in the supernatant.Hexosamine content was determined according to the method of Antonopoulos, Gardell, Szirmai, and de Tyssonsk (I 964) and uronic acid content according to that of Bitter and Muir (1962).One ml. of the supernatant of
Myeloma Xenograft Destruction by a Nonviral Vector Delivering Oncolytic Infectious Nucleic Acid
Authors: Elizabeth M Hadac, Elizabeth J Kelly, Stephen J Russell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The feasibility of using a nonviral vector formulation to initiate an oncolytic viral infection has not been previously demonstrated. We therefore sought to determine whether infectious nucleic acid (INA) could be used in place of virus particles to initiate an oncolytic picornavirus infection in vivo. Infectious RNA encoding coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) was transcribed from plasmid DNA using T7 polymerase. Within 48 hours of injecting this RNA into KAS6/1 myeloma xenografts, high titers of infectious CVA21 virions were detected in the bloodstream. Tumors regressed rapidly thereafter and mice developed signs of myositis. At euthanasia, CVA21 was recovered from regressing tumors and from skeletal muscles. Treatment outcomes were comparable following intratumoral injection of naked RNA or fully infectious CVA21 virus. Dose–response studies showed that an effective oncolytic infection could be established by intratumoral injection of 1 µg of infectious RNA. The oncolytic infection could also be initiated by intravenous injection of infectious RNA. Our study demonstrates that INA is a highly promising alternative drug formulation for oncolytic virotherapy. The feasibility of using a nonviral vector formulation to initiate an oncolytic viral infection has not been previously demonstrated. We therefore sought to determine whether infectious nucleic acid (INA) could be used in place of virus particles to initiate an oncolytic picornavirus infection in vivo. Infectious RNA encoding coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) was transcribed from plasmid DNA using T7 polymerase. Within 48 hours of injecting this RNA into KAS6/1 myeloma xenografts, high titers of infectious CVA21 virions were detected in the bloodstream. Tumors regressed rapidly thereafter and mice developed signs of myositis. At euthanasia, CVA21 was recovered from regressing tumors and from skeletal muscles. Treatment outcomes were comparable following intratumoral injection of naked RNA or fully infectious CVA21 virus. Dose–response studies showed that an effective oncolytic infection could be established by intratumoral injection of 1 µg of infectious RNA. The oncolytic infection could also be initiated by intravenous injection of infectious RNA. Our study demonstrates that INA is a highly promising alternative drug formulation for oncolytic virotherapy.
Accelerated immunisation with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.
Authors: M Ramsay, N Begg, M J Corbel
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The questionnaire showed that a wide range of alternative opioids had been used to replace papaveretum, of which morphine sulphate was the most common.A second postal questionnaire to 15 district hospital pharmacies in the Wessex region confirmed this.The recommendations have received almost uniform acceptance, as befits guidelines from a national body regulating drug safety.As the guidelines have necessitated a change in clinical practice, however, many anaesthetists considered that wider dissemination of the evidence that had been valuated was needed.
Impaired Exercise Tolerance in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Pitt O. Lim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Purpose: To review information on exercise testing in hypertensive patients and persons at risk for developing hypertension and to determine whether this type of investigation is valuable for diagnosis, prognosis, or assessment of the effect of therapy. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of English-language articles published between 1985 and 1995 and reviews of the bibliographies of textbooks. Study Selection: Primary research articles on exercise testing in patients with hypertension, with an emphasis on methods, diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of drug therapy. Data Extraction: Study design and quality were assessed, with particular attention paid to methods and aims. Relevant data on hemodynamic responses in hypertensive patients and persons at risk for developing hypertension and correlations to end-organ damage, mortality, and exercise tolerance were analyzed. Data Synthesis: The exercise capacity of hypertensive patients was found to be reduced by as much as 30% compared with age-matched controls. This exercise impairment increases with age and end-organ damage, and its origin can be traced back to adolescence. Total peripheral resistance also progressively increases. These changes are caused by functional and structural involvement of the cardiovascular system. Diastolic dysfunction of the heart is a prominent factor in this exercise limitation. The blood pressure responses to exercise have prognostic value for the future development of hypertension, end-organ damage, and death. The adequacy of antihypertensive treatment should therefore be evaluated in terms of normalizing these stress-related blood pressure responses. Conclusion: Exercise testing is a simple procedure that has great potential for assessing hypertensive patients. More research is necessary, however, to determine whether controlling blood pressure during exercise is beneficial.
Associations of Components of Metabolic Syndrome with Pulmonary Function and Functional Capacity
Authors: Cemile Bozdemir, Hülya Arıkan, R. Nesrin Demirtas, Özgen Çeler, Aysen Akalın, Füsun Alataş, Melda Sağlam, Naciye Vardar Yağlı, Ebru Çalık
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Macrophage functions after exposure to mineral fibers.
Authors: F Tilkes, E G Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

UICC, other well-defined asbestos samples and different man-made mineral fibers (MMM) such as glass fiber and synthetic amphibole asbestos were studied in vitro by using rat and guinea pig lung macrophages. These samples had relatively narrow length and diameter spectra. Most of the fiber samples were added to the cultures on a gravimetric basis, although some were added on a numerical basis. Electrocorundum and DQ12 (Dorentruper Quartz) were used as controls at comparable gravimetrical concentrations. The assays used were the release of lactate dehydrogenase (to demonstrate plasma membrane permeability) and the release of beta-glucuronidase (to indicate lysosomal permeability). Carbohydrate metabolism was monitored by the measurement of lactic acid production and, as one of the tests for macrophage function, the production of lysozyme was determined. The phagocytic ability of the cells was measured, after the addition of opsonized zymosan, by bioluminescence following luminol enhancement. Only some results could be evaluated, however, due to technical difficulties. A length- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the fibers was found in this system which was similar to that previously described with permanent cell lines. No great differences were found between fibers having different physicochemical compositions if their geometric dimensions were similar. Long, very thin fibers of glass, chrysotile, crocidolite and synthetic fluoroamphiboles were all toxic in the test system.
The λ model: Can it walk?
Authors: Aftab E. Patla
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Generation of swing phase limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion should be a reasonable test for the λ model proposed by Feldman and Levin. The observed features such as lack of simple amplitude scaling of endpoint (toe) trajectories for different obstacle heights, complex shaped toe velocity profiles, and exploitation of passive intersegmental dynamics to control limb elevation cannot be adequately explained by the λ model.
A convergent uptake route for peptide- and polymer-based nucleotide delivery systems
Authors: Staffan Lindberg, Jakob Regberg, Jonas Eriksson, Henrik Helmfors, Andrés Muñoz-Alarcón, Artita Srimanee, Ricardo A. Figueroa, Einar Hallberg, Kariem Ezzat, Ülo Langel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Expression of T-cell differentiation antigens on effector cells in cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Evidence for functional heterogeneity related to the surface phenotype of T cells.
Authors: H Shiku, P Kisielow, M A Bean, T Takahashi, E A Boyse, H F Oettgen, L J Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) of nonadherent cells from the peritoneal cavity (NAPC) of alloimmunized mice can be measured by the [3H]proline microassay. The exhibition of thymus-derived (T) cell antigens on these killer cells was studied by incubating them with the relevant T-cell antisera and complement (C), under optimal conditions for lysis, before performance of the CMC assay. Under these conditions, the following T-cell antigens were demonstrable on the killer population in terms of percent reduction in CMC by the respective antisera: (a) Thy-1.1 (83%) and Thy-1.2 (100%), (b) MSLA (86%), (c) NTA-RA (a T-cell antigen recognized by naturally occurring autoantibody of NZB mice) (62%), (d) Ly1.1 )58%, (e) Ly-2.1 (11%; considered a marginal result) and Ly-2.2 (63%), and (f) Ly-3.2 (77%). The following were not demonstrable: (g) TL, and (h) Ly-1.2. (i) The antigen Ly-3.1 was not studied. Omission of C deprived all T-cell antisera tested of their capacity to suppress CMC, indicating that the cell components recognized by such antisera may perform no direct function in CMC. On the assumption that all Ly+ cells are Thy-1+, it is clear that the T-cell members of the immune NAPC population must be heterogenous. This follows from the fact that the proportions of T cells lysed by different Ly antisera did not correspond with ensuing degree of loss of CMC capacity. The extremes were represented by anti-Ly-1.2 (74% Thy-1+ cells lysed, but no reduction in CMC) and Ly-3.2 (54% Thy-1+ cells lysed, with 77% reduction in CMC). From this initial survey it appears that the C57BL/6 mice killer T-cell population active in CMC in vitro is relatively rich in surface antigens of the Ly-2/Ly-3 category and relatively poor in representation of the Ly-1 surface antigens. It remains to be seen whether this killer cell phenotype, poor in Ly-1 and rich in Ly-2/Ly-3, is characteristic of the mouse generally. From these results it appears that subsets of T cells with different immunological functions may exhibit qualitative or quantitative differences in surface antigens specified by different Ly loci; this will be easier to assess in the future when the results of experiments with the same Ly antisera but dealing with T-cell functions other than CMC become available.
Differential effects of polyadenylic: polyuridylic acid and lipopolysaccharide on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: P R Narayanan, G Sundharadas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

In a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reaction of allogenic mouse spleen cells differing for H-2K or H-2D, only a weak cytotoxic response is generated. This cytotoxic response is augmented significantly if bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 5 microgram/ml, or polyadenylic acid (poly A):polyuridylic acid (poly U), 20 microgram/ml, is present in the culture. The cytotoxic cells generated in the presence of these two agents are specific for sensitizing H-2K or H-2D antigen. Two lines of evidence suggest that these two agents exert their effect at different steps in the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes: (a) the effect of poly A:U depends on the presence of adherent cells, whereas the effect of LPS is independent of the presence of adherent cells and (b) LPS promotes the development of cytotoxic cells when ultraviolet light-treated stimulating cells are used in the MLC whereas poly A:U does not.