tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IB-08 * COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING FEATURES DERIVED FROM MRI IMAGES OF THE BRAIN CAN DISCRIMINATE IMMUNE SIGNATURE STATUS IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM)
Authors: S. Narang, G. Rao, A. Heimberger, J. Martinez, A. Rao
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE: To determine which computationally derived imaging features are correlated with immune gene-signature activity in GBM. Recently, we showed that immune-related genes are enriched within molecular subtypes of GBMs. The significance of immune system response to the tumor is becoming relevant as a therapeutic strategy. In this study, we investigated an imaging-based method for determining the immune system response to GBM. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was conducted on pre-surgical Contrast enhanced T1-post and T2-FLAIR MRI images from 83 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. The tumors were segmented semi-automatically (MITK toolkit). Image heterogeneity features were extracted for 3D volumes using in-house MatlabTM scripts . Features include three-dimensional statistical, transform-based and model-based features, pertaining to pixel gray-level heterogeneity measures such as energy, entropy, correlationGenetic programming-based models are used to discriminate subjects according to up- or down-regulation of six immune signatures (measured using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis): immune effector, immune suppression, immune effector process, regulation of the immune effector process, positive regulation of immune system process and negative regulation of immune system process. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC), and true positive/false positive rates (TPR/FPR) were used to assess the performance of the immune signature status classifier. RESULTS: Based on six different gene-sets associated with immune response, we found that image-derived features are capable of accurately predicting immune signature status in GBMs. ROC analysis reveals that image-features are capable of determining up- or down regulation of diverse immune signatures. The true positive rates (TPR) for each of the six immune signatures are 89%, 83%, 80%, 78%, 72% and 69% respectively (with FPR less than 20%). CONCLUSION: This study presents preliminary evidence that MRI image-derived volumetric and texture features are predictive of immune activity in GBM at the molecular level.
Gastrocolic Fistula From Benign Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Allan Fishman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gastrocolic fistula as a complication of benign ulcer disease is a rare occurrence with 15 recorded cases.<sup>1-15</sup>In every one of these in which a barium enema was performed, the lesion was demonstrated. In some cases, an x-ray film series of the upper gastrointestinal ( GI) tract failed to show the fistulous tract which was seen on the enema examination. The present case reconfirms this finding and reemphasizes the value of the barium enema in patients suspected of having a gastrocolic fistula. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 64-year-old man was admitted with a five-week history of crampy pain on the left side of the abdomen not relieved by antacids. He had anorexia, nausea, vomiting and a 20-lb weight loss. He complained of frequent belching with a bitter aftertaste and emesis of foulsmelling material once a day. For the week prior to admission, he experienced three to five
Thickness of the Supraspinatus and Biceps Tendons in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mujde Akturk, Selma Karaahmetoglu, Mahmut Kacar, Osman Muftuoglu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The effect of diabetes on tendons is not well known. There are some studies that analyze the impact of diabetes on tendon structures. It has been shown that chronic hyperglycemia causes some structural changes in tendon collagen (1,2). To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study on biceps and supraspinatus tendons. To observe the effect of diabetes on tendons, we studied the biceps and supraspinatus tendons because they can be easily measured by the ultrasonography (USG) technique. We measured both of these tendons using high resolution USG in 150 diabetic patients (50 type 1 and 100 type 2 diabetic patients, 75 men and 75 women, mean age 50.17 ± 15 …
Minimally invasive and conventional glucose monitoring did not differ for long-term glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetes
Authors: Kalpana Muthusamy, Steven A Smith, Sean F Dinneen, M Conall Dennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Newman SP, Cooke D, Casbard A, et al. A randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (MITRE). Health Technol Assess. 2009;13;(28):iii–iv, ix–xi, 1−194. 19476724 Cooke D, Hurel SJ, Casbard A, et al. Randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on HbA1c in insulin-treated diabetes (MITRE Study). Diabet Med. 2009;26:540-7. 19646195
Molecular cloning of CD44R1 and CD44R2, two novel isoforms of the human CD44 lymphocyte "homing" receptor expressed by hemopoietic cells.
Authors: G J Dougherty, P M Landorp, D L Cooper, R K Humphries
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

In addition to the 85-95 kD CD44 species found on most hemopoietic cell types, the human myelomonocytic cell line KG1a expresses proteins of approximately 115 kD and 130 kD that react with monoclonal antibodies belonging to CD44. The possibility that these higher molecular weight species may represent novel CD44 isoforms containing additional protein sequence was investigated. CD44 cDNA clones were isolated from a plasmid-based expression library prepared from KG1a mRNA. One of the three clones obtained (clone 2.3) was found to encode a CD44 molecule of approximately 130 kD in transfected COS cells. Sequences analysis indicated that the molecule encoded by this cDNA clone, designated CD44R1, was essentially identical to CD44 except for the presence of an additional 132 amino acids inserted into the extracellular domain. This inserted region is rich in serine and threonine residues that may serve as sites of O-linked glycosylation, and contains a potential site of N-linked glycosylation and a potential site of chondroitin sulphate attachment. PCR analysis using primers that flank the inserted region present within CD44R1 identified an additional CD44 isoform, designated CD44R2, that contains only the last 69 amino acids present within the unique region of CD44R1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes from normal individuals and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, or acute myelomonocytic leukemia, express both CD44R1 and CD44R2. In contrast, CD44R1 and CD44R2 appear to be differentially expressed in various CD44-positive cell lines. Thus KG1a, and the Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed B cell lines WalkDR4 and Way-1 express both CD44 and the CD44 isoforms CD44R1 and CD44R2, while the myeloid cell lines HL60 and U937 express high levels of CD44, but only very low levels of CD44R1 and CD44R2. The CD44-negative cell lines DHL-4, DHL-10, Jurkat, and K562 are also negative for CD44R1 and CD44R2.
OC-062 A Multi-centre Pragmatic Study Of An Educational Intervention To Improve Adenoma Detection At Colonoscopy: Abstract OC-062 Table 1
Authors: PT Rajasekhar, CJ Rees, MD Rutter, BP Saunders, MG Bramble, P Hungin, DW Wilson, JE East
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> High quality colonoscopy prevents colorectal cancers. Low adenoma detection rates (ADR) are linked to subsequent high interval cancer rates. Variability in ADR exists between practitioners. Withdrawal time of &gt;6 min, Buscopan use, position change and rectal retroflexion have some evidence to improve lesion detection. Implementation of evidence based ‘bundles’ of care has shown to be effective in improving outcomes in other clincal settings <sup>[1]</sup>. <h3>Methods</h3> We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a ‘bundle’ comprising the above measures into routine practice and effect on ADR. Twelve English endoscopy units participated. All nominated a lead endoscopist and nurse. A model combining central training, locally led implementation, feedback and ongoing study team support was used. Colonoscopist’s ADRs were measured for 3 months prior to implementation and for a 9 month period following. Colonoscopists performing ≥25 procedures during the period before were ranked according to ADR and quartiles constructed. Change in Buscopan use was used as a surrogate marker for intervention uptake. A corrected Chi Squared test was used to check for significant change. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and eighteen and 68 colonoscopists were included in the global and quartile analyses. The study included 17508 colonoscopies, 4351 and 13157 in the pre and post intervention periods respectively. There was a significant global increase in buscopan use (15.8 vs. 54.4%, p &lt; 0.001), also seen in each quartile, and ADR (16.0 vs. 18.1%, p = 0.002), Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our evidence based educational intervention resulted in a significant change in behaviour, evidenced by increased Buscopan use. A significant increase in ADR occurred globally and in the two lower quartiles. A fall was seen in the upper quartile, but the ADR in this group remained above that in the other groups and the global mean of 18.1%. This study demonstrates that simple evidence based educational interventions with support can significantly change practice and ADR, particularly amongst the poorest performers. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Pronovost P <i>et al</i>. An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. <i>N Engl J Med</i> 2006:355:2725–32 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Screening for inherited metabolic disease in newborn infants using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: J. V Leonard, C. Dezateux
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Although individually rare, inborn errors of metabolism represent a potentially preventable cause of death and disability. Screening for phenylketonuria (birth prevalence 10 per 100 000) was introduced in the United Kingdom over 30 years ago. It has proved successful in preventing severe mental retardation. The development of tandem mass spectrometry enables a wide variety of additional compounds to be assayed on the dried blood spots routinely collected from newborn infants.1 The combined birth prevalence of disorders, excluding phenylketonuria, which could be detected by screening is about 20 per 100 000. Of these, medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is one of the most important. However, despite experience of screening over a million infants, many questions about screening for this disorder remain unanswered.

In the United Kingdom between 5 and 11 per 100 000 live born infants have medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which is about 35 to 70 children each year.2 This recessively inherited disorder classically presents during infancy and early childhood with a severe illness characterised by encephalopathy and hypoglycaemia. This is usually precipitated by a minor febrile illness, particularly gastroenteritis, and fasting. Of those presenting clinically, up to a quarter will die and about a third of survivors will have irreversible neurological damage. 3 4 In a significant proportion there is a history of previous sudden unexplained death or encephalopathy in a sibling.4 However, the presentation varies widely, with some individuals not presenting until they are adults …
DARPP-32 and regulation of the ethanol sensitivity of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: R. E. Maldve, T. A. Zhang, K. Ferrani-Kile, S. S. Schreiber, M. J. Lippmann, G. L. Snyder, A. A. Fienberg, S. W. Leslie, R. A. Gonzales, R. A. Morrisett
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2002)
The Daedalus Effect: Changes in Ethical Questions Relating to Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: BARUCH S. BLUMBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The Daedalus myth is a metaphor for aspects of the scientific process. When a problem is solved it often raises others, and when these in turn are solved they generate additional questions. Although perfect solutions may not be possible, major improvements can be made in many cases. Research on the hepatitis B virus is an example. The ability to detect carriers of hepatitis B virus contributed to the control of post-transfusion hepatitis but raised social and ethical problems inherent to the identification of carriers in the community. Partial solutions to this problem resulted from the ability to distinguish infectious from noninfectious carriers by the use of the hepatitis B antigen (HBeAg) test and the development of an effective vaccine against hepatitis B virus. These solutions will undoubtedly lead to other problems and their solutions, which will in turn lead to other ethical and medical questions.
Descriptive study of cooperative language in primary care consultations by male and female doctors
Authors: J R Skelton, F D R Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare the use of some of the characteristics of male and female language by male and female primary care practitioners during consultations. <b>Design:</b> Doctors9 use of the language of dominance and support was explored by using concordancing software. Three areas were examined: mean number of words per consultation; relative frequency of question tags; and use of mitigated directives. The analysis of language associated with cooperative talk examines relevant words or phrases and their immediate context. <b>Subjects:</b> 26 male and 14female doctors in general practice, in a total of 373consecutive consultations. <b>Setting:</b> West Midlands. <b>Results:</b> Doctors spoke significantly more words than patients, but the number of words spoken by male and female doctors did not differ significantly. Question tags were used far more frequently by doctors (P&lt;0.001) than by patients or companions. Frequency of use was similar in male and female doctors, and the speech styles in consultation were similar. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data show that male and female doctors use a speech style which is not gender specific, contrary to findings elsewhere; doctors consulted in an overtly non-directive, negotiated style, which is realised through suggestions and affective comments. This mode of communication is the core teaching of communication skills courses. These results suggest that men have more to learn to achieve competence as professional communicators.
Swallowed partial dentures
Authors: S. Hashmi, J. Walter, W. Smith, S. Latis
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Swallowed or inhaled partial dentures can present a diagnostic challenge. Three new cases are described, one of them near-fatal because of vascular erosion and haemorrhage. The published work points to the importance of good design and proper maintenance. The key to early recognition is awareness of the hazard by denture-wearers, carers and clinicians.
Differentiation of Insulin-Producing Cells from Human Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Yuichi Hori, Xueying Gu, Xiaodong Xie, Seung K Kim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Success in islet-transplantation-based therapies for type 1 diabetes, coupled with a worldwide shortage of transplant-ready islets, has motivated efforts to develop renewable sources of islet-replacement tissue. Islets and neurons share features, including common developmental programs, and in some species brain neurons are the principal source of systemic insulin. Methods and Findings Here we show that brain-derived human neural progenitor cells, exposed to a series of signals that regulate in vivo pancreatic islet development, form clusters of glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells (IPCs). During in vitro differentiation of neural progenitor cells with this novel method, genes encoding essential known in vivo regulators of pancreatic islet development were expressed. Following transplantation into immunocompromised mice, IPCs released insulin C-peptide upon glucose challenge, remained differentiated, and did not form detectable tumors. Conclusion Production of IPCs solely through extracellular factor modulation in the absence of genetic manipulations may promote strategies to derive transplantable islet-replacement tissues from human neural progenitor cells and other types of multipotent human stem cells.
Climate change: decision time in Kyoto
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mankind faces a crucial test in Kyoto next month, and we look set to fail. The test will come at the third meeting of governments trying to commit to reducing their emissions of greenhouse gases to counter global warming. Virtually all scientists agree that global warming is happening, and most think that the consequences will be dire. Some small island states will disappear, food …
Frame Fungi on Insulated Windows
Authors: M. Käpylä
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Insulated windows (fixed triple glass window elements), became common in Finland during and after the energy crisis. Moisture tends to condense along the edges causing mold growth on the frames. Nine houses with insulated glass windows and eight with other types of window were studied. Fungus samples were taken from the window edges and from the inside air and cultivated on malt extract agar. In five of the houses with insulated windows there was visible mold growth on the window edges. The predominant fungus was Aureobasidium pullulans. With other types of windows there was only one case of visible mold. The concentrations of fungi were about the same in the air of houses with both types of windows. Aureobasidium was rare in the air samples. Thus, window frame molds seem to contribute very little to airborne fungus concentrations. In situ trials were done to control the mold growth with disinfectants. Repeated spraying with aldehydes or quaternary ammonium chlorides in alcohols proved to be successful.
Opposing activities of two novel members of the IL-1 ligand family regulate skin inflammation
Authors: Hal Blumberg, Huyen Dinh, Esther S. Trueblood, James Pretorius, David Kugler, Ning Weng, Suzanne T. Kanaly, Jennifer E. Towne, Cynthia R. Willis, Melanie K. Kuechle, John E. Sims, Jacques J. Peschon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

The interleukin (IL)-1 family members IL-1alpha, -1beta, and -18 are potent inflammatory cytokines whose activities are dependent on heterodimeric receptors of the IL-1R superfamily, and which are regulated by soluble antagonists. Recently, several new IL-1 family members have been identified. To determine the role of one of these family members in the skin, transgenic mice expressing IL1F6 in basal keratinocytes were generated. IL1F6 transgenic mice exhibit skin abnormalities that are dependent on IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP, which are two members of the IL-1R family. The skin phenotype is characterized by acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, the presence of a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, and increased cytokine and chemokine expression. Strikingly, the combination of the IL-1F6 transgene with an IL1F5 deficiency results in exacerbation of the skin phenotype, demonstrating that IL-1F5 has antagonistic activity in vivo. Skin from IL1F6 transgenic, IL1F5(-/-) pups contains intracorneal and intraepithelial pustules, nucleated corneocytes, and dilated superficial dermal blood vessels. Additionally, expression of IL1RL2, -1F5, and -1F6 is increased in human psoriatic skin. In summary, dysregulated expression of novel agonistic and antagonistic IL-1 family member ligands can promote cutaneous inflammation, revealing potential novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: David M. Heimbach
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is an uncommon but severe form of epidermal sloughing with associated mucositis. Treated in a general hospital, it carries a high mortality (25% to 70%) and substantial long-term morbidity. If the patient is referred early to a burn center, where it can be treated with biologic dressings and intensive support care, the mortality can be reduced below 20% and there may be negligible long-term morbidity. We describe 19 patients so treated, with three deaths and no long-term complications.
Assessment and Significance of Left Ventricular Mass by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Iacopo Olivotto, Martin S. Maron, Camillo Autore, John R. Lesser, Luigi Rega, Giancarlo Casolo, Marcello De Santis, Giovanni Quarta, Stefano Nistri, Franco Cecchi, Carol J. Salton, James E. Udelson, Warren J. Manning, Barry J. Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Generation of New Intercellular Junctions Between Cardiocytes
Authors: Shoji Yamamoto, Thomas N. James, Ken-ichi Sawada, Makoto Okabe, Keishiro Kawamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Intercellular dehiscence is a common cardiocytic response to pathological conditions. However, little consideration has been given to the possibility of new intercellular junctions developing between cardiocytes within developed myocardium. To examine this possibility as it may relate to useful compensation for hemodynamic overloads, changes in cardiocytic connection were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy in hypertrophied myocardium of adult human hearts. Transmural myocardium of left ventricle was obtained at autopsy from five hearts with concentric hypertrophy, five hearts with eccentric hypertrophy, and five control hearts (noncardiac death). After formalin fixation, the number of cardiocytes connected to an individual cardiocyte was counted in tissues from the middle portion of the transmural samples by scanning electron microscopy. Cardiocytic diameter and connective tissue volume fraction were measured on the transmural sections by light microscopy. In concentrically hypertrophied hearts presenting both increased cardiocytic diameter and connective tissue volume fraction, the number of other cardiocytes connected to an individual cardiocyte (4.60±0.10 [mean±SE]) was significantly increased ( P &lt;.05) compared with control hearts (4.19±0.12) or eccentrically hypertrophied hearts (4.11±0.10). The increase in junctions per cardiocyte in concentrically hypertrophied hearts suggests that new connections had been generated. More junctions developing during hypertrophy could add another structural advantage to those of cardiocytic hypertrophy and connective tissue proliferation as compensatory adjustments to hemodynamic overload in concentrically hypertrophied hearts.
PROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION BY SHORT-TERM ATORVASTATIN LOAD IS RELATED TO LOWER LEVELS OF ADHESION MOLECULES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES. RESULTS FROM THE ARMYDA-ACS CAMS (ATORVASTATIN FOR REDUCTION OF MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE DURING ANGIOPLASTY-CELL ADHESION MOLECULES) SUBSTUDY
Authors: Laura Gatto, Giuseppe Patti, Massimo Chello, Elisabetta Ricottini, Diego Colonna, Elvio Covino, Marco Miglionico, Fabio Mangiacapra, Annunziata Nusca, Germano Di Sciascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The State of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Jamie L. Todd, David B. Goldstein, Dongliang Ge, Jason Christie, Scott M. Palmer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Determinants of Pulmonary...COPD SusceptibilityAsthmaOther Pulmonary DiseasesConclusions and Future Di...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES