tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Excision Assay for Initial Evaluation of Antitumor Drug Activity in Mice Bearing Human Tumor Xenograft
Authors: D. J. Dykes, S. D. Harrison, J. G. Mayo, D. P. Griswold
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Excision Assay for Initial Evaluation of Antitumor Drug Activity in Mice Bearing Human Tumor Xenograft Get access Donald J. Dykes, Donald J. Dykes * Southern Research InstituteBirmingham, Ala *Correspondence to: Donald J. Dykes, M.D., Chemotherapy and Toxicology Research, Southern Research Institute, P.O. Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255-5305. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steadman D. Harrison, Jr., Steadman D. Harrison, Jr. Southern Research InstituteBirmingham, Ala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph G. Mayo, Joseph G. Mayo Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel P. Griswold, Jr. Daniel P. Griswold, Jr. Southern Research InstituteBirmingham, Ala Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 7, April 1992, Pages 528–530, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.7.528 Published: 01 April 1992 Article history Received: 27 November 1991 Revision received: 31 January 1992 Accepted: 11 February 1992 Published: 01 April 1992
LFA-1 is sufficient in mediating neutrophil emigration in Mac-1-deficient mice.
Authors: H Lu, C W Smith, J Perrard, D Bullard, L Tang, S B Shappell, M L Entman, A L Beaudet, C M Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To better define the specific function of Mac-1 (CD11b) versus LFA-1 (CD11a) and the other CD11 integrins in vivo, we have disrupted murine CD11b by targeted homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and generated mice which are homozygous for a mutation in CD11b. A null mutation was confirmed by Southern blotting, RNase protection assay, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Neutrophils isolated from mice deficient in Mac-1 were defective in adherence to keyhole limpet hemocyanin-coated glass, iC3b-mediated phagocytosis, and homotypic aggregation. When challenged by thioglycollate intraperitoneally, Mac-1-deficient mice had similar levels of neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneal cavity at 1, 2, and 4 h. Treatment with mAb to LFA-1 blocked 78% of neutrophil accumulation in Mac-1-deficient mice and 58% in wild-type mice. Neutrophil emigration into the peritoneal cavity 16 h after the implantation of fibrinogen-coated disks was not reduced in Mac-1-deficient mice whereas neutrophil adhesion to the fibrinogen-coated disks was reduced by > 90%. Neutrophils from Mac-1-deficient mice also showed reduced degranulation. Our results demonstrate that Mac-1 plays a critical role in mediating binding of neutrophils to fibrinogen and neutrophil degranulation, but is not necessary for effective neutrophil emigration, which is more dependent upon LFA-1.
Politics in the Development of a Migrant Health Center
Authors: Peter E. Dans, Samuel Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

New methods of health-care delivery have been recommended to correct the inequities in the distribution of health services to rural and urban poor. A migrant health center developed in 1970 to accomplish this aim illustrated the many attendant problems. The award of the grant to an outside consumer group rather than to the country health department resulted in political pressures during the center's development. Other factors isolated the center. These included categorical funding specifically directed to a community's ethnic minority and the lack of a regional network of health care. Confusion was created when legitimate spokesmen of the target group, other segments of the local community or interested private and governmental agencies were not defined. Although a program for curative and preventive medicine was established for a minority, the center was less successful in becoming self-supporting and in affecting the social and economic determinants of health.
Cancer of the Nail Bed
Authors: Kathryn Ann Weichert
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Long and Espiniella was intriguing, as I was unaware of the scarcity of cases in the world literature. I would like to present a brief summary of a similar case of a 74-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed of his right fourth finger. His history dates back for 25 years over which he had had problems with a chronic ingrown nail and infection. It was finally biopsied and proved to be squamous cell carcinoma. There was associated inflammation and tendonitis of the hand. The patient's finger was treated with radiation therapy for an equivalent of 6,000 rads. The tumor recurred locally. After this, the distal phalanx of the finger was amputated, and the patient continues to do well almost three years after his original diagnosis.
Abstract LB-167: Tumor cells, but not endothelial cells, mediate the eradication of primary cancers by radiation therapy
Authors: Everett J. Moding, Chang-Lung Lee, Katherine D. Castle, Patrick Oh, David G. Kirsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Radiation therapy is frequently utilized in the clinic as curative treatment for cancers, but the contribution of endothelial cells to tumor response to radiation remains controversial. Using the two highly efficient site-specific recombinases, Cre and FlpO, we have generated primary tumors in mice with different gene mutations specifically in tumor cells and stromal cells. With this dual recombinase technology, we selectively mutated the proapoptotic gene Bax or the DNA damage response gene Atm to genetically manipulate the radiosensitivity of endothelial cells in primary soft tissue sarcomas. We found that deletion of Bax in endothelial cells did not affect tumor response to radiation, but Atm deletion increased radiation-induced death of tumor endothelial cells and prolonged tumor growth delay following a non-curative dose of radiation. However, following a curative dose of radiation, Atm deletion in endothelial cells did not affect growth delay of primary tumors and failed to increase local control. In contrast, deletion of Atm in tumor cells increased local control of primary tumors by radiation therapy. These results demonstrate that tumor cells rather than endothelial cells are the critical targets that regulate tumor eradication by radiation therapy. They also emphasize the importance of using primary models of cancer to study the role of stromal cells in tumor development and response to therapy. Citation Format: Everett J. Moding, Chang-Lung Lee, Katherine D. Castle, Patrick Oh, David G. Kirsch. Tumor cells, but not endothelial cells, mediate the eradication of primary cancers by radiation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-167. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-167
SOME APPLICATIONS OF PHYSIOLOGY TO MEDICINE: II.--VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION AND SUDDEN DEATH
Authors: J. A. MacWilliam
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Sudden and Unexpected Death durinig Rcst. THE difficulty of explanation of such deaths has lonig been felt, in the absence of recognized conditions (effort and excitement) tending to make an extra call on the heart and of such powerful afferent excitation as might be assumed to be provocative of reflex inhibition of intensity and dura tioni sufficient to be fatal. Recourse has colnstantly been had to the verdict of  failure of the heart's action, though the sudden collapse in cardiac efficienicy remains unaccounted for, post-mortem examination ofteln affording lno explana tioni of the abrupt ending of life. Sir Clifford Allbutt,27 while suggesting vagus inlibition as a mode of death durinig anginal attacks, writes with regard to the class of deaths n1ow under consideration-during conditions of rest, apart from anginal attacks, and where no exciting cause is apparent: But the riddle, which I have done s0 little to read, is the frequent suddenness of death in one who, having scarcely known illness, expires under no extraordinary effort; or In the peace of his own bed or chair passes silently away. The reading of this riddle is not yet.
Headache and other head pain.
Authors: David P. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The long-awaited second edition of Harold Wolff's monograph on headache was completed and sent to the publisher only a few weeks before his untimely death on Feb 21, 1962. The first edition (1948) had marked a milestone in our understanding of a most common and important malady. Previous to the publication of the book, headache was regarded as a troublesome accompaniment of a great number of diseases and abnormalities; however, the mechanisms underlying its development were ill understood. Migraine, because of its high incidence and dramatic prodromes, previously had received extensive scrutiny, but diverse and contradictory ideas were still entertained concerning both its nature and causes. Of all men in medicine, Harold Wolff contributed most to the study of headache and to the clarification of its true significance. His monograph was especially valuable because of its circumstantial account of the remarkable observations which he and his associates had made, over
Hemodialysis in the Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia
Authors: Barry S. Strauch
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Severe hypercalcemia is a life-threatening problem that requires prompt therapy. With the exception of diuresis, most forms of therapy are either ineffective, slow in action, or have major serious disadvantages. In some instances diuresis is relatively ineffective. As shown in this case report, hemodialysis with a dialysate low in calcium is rapidly effective in such instances and should be considered for patients with severe hypercalcemia while they are being prepared for surgery or while diagnostic studies are being performed.
Clinical Evaluation of the Knee
Authors: Teresa L Schraeder, Richard M Terek, C Christopher Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The knee is one of the most complex joints in the body. Knee complaints are the second most common musculoskeletal symptom evaluated by the primary care physician. Anatomy The anatomy of the knee joint consists of three bones — the femur, tibia, and patella — with three areas of articulation. Some of the unique features include menisci, intra- and extraarticular ligaments, and the patella itself. The menisci are fibrocartilagenous structures located between the tibiofemoral articulations; they increase stability and distribute contact forces on the articular cartilage. The important . . . .
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Morton J. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In May 1977, in a letter to the editor (237:2380, 1977), I reported negative results in a mass screening program for the detection of early colorectal cancer. The old Hemoccult guaiac slides were used in a mail-in program in 1,800 women older than 35 years. These screenees were asymptomatic participants in a breast cancer detection project. We found fecal occult blood in only 0.23% of our screenees and bowel cancer in none. In our hands the test slide seemed insensitive and was unsatisfactory when used in a colorectal cancer screen. We have just completed another colon cancer mass-screening study using the new Hemoccult II slides, with entirely different and encouraging results. Of 3,200 asymptomatic screenees who have entered our study, 2,000 have now returned their slides for testing. We have changed our protocol as follows: The test is offered those women 45 years of age or
Abstract 5037: Sensitivity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells to PI3K inhibitors
Authors: Suet Yan Kwan, Anita Fung, Daisy Izaguirre, Zhifei Zu, Yvonne Tsang-Lee, Samuel Mok, Kwong-Kwok Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (OCCC) is generally aggressive and chemoresistant, with five year survival rate of approximately 40%. Recent mutation analysis has indicated a high frequency of PIK3CA mutations, the gene encoding for the p110α subunit in PI3K, in OCCC. Aberrant signaling of the PI3K/AKT pathway might be linked to the aggressiveness of OCCC. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells with different PIK3CA mutations to inhibitors targeting the PI3K signaling pathway. Experimental design: To elucidate the functional roles of PIK3CA mutations in OCCC, 12 OCCC cell lines carrying PIK3CA wildtype or different PIK3CA mutations were used. By performing WST-1 assay, the IC50 values for cisplatin of the cell lines were compared. Eight stable OCCC cell lines expressing a luciferase reporter fused with a FOXO3a promoter were constructed. FOXO3a is a transcription factor that is exported out of the nucleus by AKT. The difference in the PI3K/AKT pathway activation in these cell lines was then correlated with luciferase activity. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 were used to elucidate the dependency of OCCC cell lines on the PI3K/AKT pathway. Results: When compared with PIK3CA wildtype cell lines, cell lines with PIK3CA mutations K111N, E545K and H1047R had higher IC50 values for cisplatin and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. These 3 cell lines also have lower luciferase activity, indicating increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The IC50 values for NVP-BEZ235 are similar in PIK3CA wildtype or mutated cell lines. Conclusion: The constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian clear cell carcinoma appears to lead to increased resistance to chemotherapy, possibly by promoting cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway may overcome this resistance. NVP-BEZ235 was shown to be a potent drug in OCCC, it was effective in the nano molar range (IC90 value was reached in all cells lines at drug concentration of 100nM) and was active against PIK3CA mutants. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5037
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT OF THE 5-YEAR VASCULAR HEALING RESPONSE FOLLOWING IMPLANTATION OF THE EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING BIORESORBABLE VASCULAR SCAFFOLD
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Muthukaruppan Gnanadesigan, Nienke van Ditzhuijzen, cihan simsek, Raphael Freire, Jouke Dijkstra, Gijs Van Soest, Felix Zijlstra, Robert van Geuns, Evelyn Regar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Comparative Quantitative Analysis of the Electrocardiogram and the Vectorcardiogram
Authors: DAVID R. MCCONAHAY, BEN D. MCCALLISTER, FRANZ J. HALLERMANN, RALPH E. SMITH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Simultaneously recorded standard electrocardiograms (ECG) and Frank vectorcardiograms (VCG) were correlated with the coronary arteriograms and the left ventriculograms of 210 patients. Quantitative criteria were applied to ECG measurements made by manual technics and to VCG measurements obtained by computer technics. As the extent of significant arteriographic disease increased, the frequency of ECG and VCG evidence of "definite" myocardial infarction (MI) increased. The VCG was diagnostic of MI in a greater number of patients than the ECG (50 versus 39, P &lt; 0.01) and excelled in the detection of multiple areas of infarction in a greater number of patients (13 versus six, P &lt; 0.05). This increased sensitivity was gained in anterior, inferior, and true posterior infarcts. Excluding patients with myocardiopathy, all MIs diagnosed from the VCG and all but one from the ECG were associated with significant arteriographic disease in the distribution of the predicted nutrient artery. Quantitative VCG analysis appears superior to the usual ECG analysis in the accurate detection of MI. When MI is diagnosed by either technic, significant associated coronary artery disease can be anticipated in a predictable anatomic distribution.
Diabetes in Eskimos
Authors: William W. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Diabetes mellitus is rare in Alaskan natives (Bering Sea coastal Eskimos, Arctic Ocean coastal Eskimos, Athabascan Indians, and Aleuts). Mouratoff and Scott's report (226:1345, 1973) suggests that the Eskimos' high glucose tolerance may be associated with physical exertion rather than a genetic origin. I would suggest that the data as presented are also consistent with a genetic origin. Routine inquiry to my patients concerning family history of diabetes also includes an assessment of racial background. Most of the diabetic Alaskan natives that I have encountered have European or Russian ancestors, and often the patient can identify these forebearers as also being diabetics! Like Mouratoff and Scott, I have seen very few Alaskan natives with diabetes; I have seen no full-blooded Alaskan natives with childhood-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes. If their conclusion were correct that physical activity and fitness are important factors in the prevention of clinical diabetes, the white
Changing the Status of Drugs from Prescription to Over-the-Counter Availability
Authors: Eric P. Brass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

In the United States, consumers legally have access to drugs by two mechanisms: access with a prescription provided by a licensed health care professional or access without a prescription, by over-the-counter purchase. Many other countries have a similar classification of drugs. In addition, some countries have a third mechanism, by which certain sales without a prescription require consultation with a pharmacist or in which the marketing of certain drugs is limited to venues where such consultation is available. It was estimated that in 2000, consumers in the United States spent approximately $19.1 billion on over-the-counter drugs.1 In recent years, more . . .
Mitochondrial reprogramming through cardiac oxygen sensors in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Susana Cadenas, Julián Aragonés, Manuel O. Landázuri
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Under hypoxic conditions, mitochondria can represent a threat to the cell because of their capacity to generate toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, cardiomyocytes are equipped with an oxygen-sensing pathway that involves prolyl hydroxylase oxygen sensors and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which induces a tightly regulated programme to keep ischaemic mitochondrial activity under control. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the pathways leading to mitochondrial reprogramming, which occurs in the myocardium during ischaemia, with particular emphasis on those induced by HIF activation. We start by studying the mechanisms of mitochondrial damage during ischaemia and upon reperfusion, highlighting the importance of the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore during reperfusion and its consequences for cardiomyocyte survival. Next, we analyse hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming through HIF and its important consequences for mitochondrial bioenergetics, as well as the phenomenon known as the hibernating myocardium. Subsequently, we examine the mechanisms underlying ischaemic preconditioning, focusing, in particular, on those that involve the HIF pathway, such as adenosine signalling, sub-lethal ROS generation, and nitric oxide production. Finally, the role of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in ischaemia tolerance is discussed.
Clinical Outcome of Fenestrated Fontan Patients After Closure
Authors: Donna A. Goff, Elizabeth D. Blume, Kimberlee Gauvreau, John E. Mayer, James E. Lock, Kathy J. Jenkins
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The late clinical status of Fontan patients after fenestration closure is unknown. Data are now available on all patients who underwent closure from 1989 to 1999. Methods and Results —All patients who underwent catheter closure of a Fontan fenestration were enrolled in either the Clamshell (1989 to 1994) or CardioSEAL (1996 to 1999) regulatory trials. Physiological values obtained at catheterization helped assess the hemodynamic effects of fenestration occlusion. In addition to survival, outcomes assessed included O 2 saturations, medication use, significant clinical findings (eg, heart failure, protein-losing enteropathy, or new arrhythmias), and somatic growth. Of 181 patients who underwent closure, 27 had additional significant leaks. The remaining 154 patients constituted the study group. Median time from closure to latest follow-up was 3.4 years (range 0.4 to 10.3 years). Fenestration closure increased O 2 saturation 9.4% on average ( P &lt;0.001). The numbers of patients receiving digoxin or diuretics decreased at the most recent follow-up compared with baseline ( P &lt;0.001), but use of antiarrhythmic agents increased marginally ( P =0.05). Height and weight percentiles rose (medians of 2 and 4, respectively; P &lt;0.001). Clinical decompensation during follow-up of 154 patients was rare (4.5%), with 2 deaths, 3 Fontan revisions, and 1 patient each with protein-losing enteropathy and ascites. No other patient developed chronic congestive symptoms; 21 patients developed new arrhythmias, and 2 had a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Conclusions —Fenestration closure in Fontan patients was followed by improved oxygenation, reduced need for anticongestive medication, and improved somatic growth at latest follow-up. Death (1.3%) or chronic decompensation (3.2%) was rare.
Chemistry of the Red Cell and Its Bearing on Anemias.
Authors: M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Chemistry of the Red Cell and Its Bearing on Anemias.M. M. Wintrobe, M.D., F.A.C.P.M. M. Wintrobe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-733_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOne of the most interesting of the structures of the body is the red blood corpuscle. Once regarded as an inert protoplasmic particle, it has been found, in recent years, that this structure is a veritable dynamo of activity. Studies of the energy metabolism of the red cell have revealed many aspects that are of great clinical importance, particularly with reference to hemolytic anemias. Again, studies of the main component of the red corpuscles, namely, hemoglobin, have led to a thorough understanding of the structure of this compound and of the factors necessary for its formation. Deficiency of some of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Salt Lake City, Utah (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 733-733KeywordsAnemiaBlood cellsCell metabolismEnergy metabolismHemoglobinHemolytic anemia Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Co-trimoxazole resistant Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: M. J. Cunningham, P. M. White, P. D. Samman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Co‐trimoxazole resistant Mycobacterium marinum Get access M. J. Cunningham, M. J. Cunningham St John's Hospital and Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. M. White, P. M. White St John's Hospital and Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. D. Samman P. D. Samman St John's Hospital and Institute of Dermatology, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 5, 1 November 1978, Page 597, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb02033.x Published: 01 November 1978