tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered apoptosis pattern during pharyngeal arch artery remodelling is associated with aortic arch malformations in Tgfβ2 knock-out mice
Authors: D MOLIN, M DERUITER, L WISSE, M AZHAR, T DOETSCHMAN, R POELMANN, A GITTENBERGERDEGROOT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: The morphogenetic process underlying the remodelling of the embryonic mammalian pharyngeal arch artery system is unknown. Within this process, the right sixth, carotid ducts and the distal part of the dorsal aorta (right α-segment) regress. In order to unravel the underlying mechanism we studied the role of apoptosis in the normal regression of pharyngeal arch artery segments and in a mouse model that develops aortic arch malformations. Methods: Normal remodelling was studied in wild-type Swiss (CPBS) and altered remodelling in the Tgfβ2−/− compared to the Tgfβ2+/+ (Swiss/Bl6) strain using immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis. Results: During normal remodelling, apoptosis occurs in the mesenchyme surrounding pharyngeal arch arteries before regression starts. With the onset of regression, apoptosis spreads from the mesenchyme to the media. Morphometric evaluation confirms the increase in apoptosis in the actin-positive media of the disappearing segments. In Tgfβ2−/−, aberrant apoptosis was found in both fourth arch arteries, whereas the right dorsal aorta lacks apoptosis associated with normal regression. Fourth arch hypoplasia is the main arch abnormality. In the most severe case, the fourth arch is interrupted and the right dorsal aorta α-segment persists, giving rise to aortic arch interruption type-B and an aberrant right subclavian artery. Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that specific vascular apoptosis patterns accompany normal regression and that the incidence of apoptosis is selectively altered in the case of arch artery abnormalities in Tgfβ2 knock-out mice.
Surveillance of antibody to rubella virus in Grampian: closing the immunity gap.
Authors: M I Berkeley, M A Moffat, D Russell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVES--To identify causes for the continuing deficit of rubella immunity in women of childbearing age with a view to further reducing the risk of the congenital rubella syndrome. DESIGN--A questionnaire was sent to the general practitioner and a laboratory follow up study conducted in a one year cohort of women found on screening to have inadequate protection against rubella. SETTING--Virus laboratory of the department of medical microbiology, Aberdeen, serving the health board areas of Grampian, Orkney, and Shetland. PATIENTS--239 women whose concentration of antibodies to rubella virus was either absent or below standard (15,000 IU/l) and whose general practitioner could be contacted to supply a history of infection, immunisation, pregnancy, and antibody testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Whether rubella vaccination was given and whether those vaccinated were tested for seroconversion. RESULTS--Only 122 (55%) of the women for whom information was available received the recommended vaccine; only 74 (61%) of these were tested for seroconversion. Oversight was the reason given for not vaccinating 64 (65%) of the women who remained at risk. Women who were pregnant when tested were significantly less likely to receive vaccine (odds ratio 3.36) than women who were not pregnant, and even if vaccinated were less likely to have a follow up antibody test (odds ratio 1.94). CONCLUSION--Once women are identified as being unprotected against rubella they are often overlooked and not vaccinated. Prompting mechanisms aimed at general practitioners, such as the one recently set up in Grampian, should reduce the immunity gap and help to eradicate rubella in pregnancy.
PRODUCTION OF A REFRACTORY STATE AS CONCERNS THE SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON BY THE INJECTIONS OF VENOM OF THE MOCCASIN SNAKE (ANCISTRODON PISCIVORUS)
Authors: Samuel M. Peck, Harry Sobotka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The majority of rabbits receiving intradermal, intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of moccasin venom became refractory to the development of the Shwartzman phenomenon. An incubation period of about 14 days was required for their resistance to develop. The incidence of refractory animals was inversely proportional within limits to the amount of toxin given intravenously to elicit the Shwartzman phenomenon. The intravenous route was the most efficacious in developing refractivity. The refractory state was still present 44 days after the primary injection of moccasin venom. Rattlesnake venom was not efficacious in inducing a refractory state. The refractory animals did not show a changed reaction to moccasin venom in the concentrations used. No circulating antibodies could be demonstrated to explain the refractory state. Antivenin had no effect on the course of the Shwartzman phenomenon.
Postpartum contraception: Women rarely ovulate before day 36
Authors: D Lockey, C Styles
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Coupled with the editorial by Tony Noble arguing against the routine postnatal examination at six weeks,5 this concern about initiating contra- ception before the earliest likely ovulation suggests that the optimum time for a routine postnatal appointment is at or just before four weeks.This should be seen as a safety net for contraception, since the subject is much better raised during the third trimester, at around 30 weeks' gestation, and discussed again with the woman during the post- partum home visit at around 10 days.I have suggested to both the Royal College of Obstetri- cians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of General Practitioners that these recommendations should be discussed with a view to becoming the colleges' official policy.
Assessments of Initial Diagnostic Criteria and Chronic Treatment Plans for Asthma Patients in Saint-Petersburg, Russia over the Last Decade
Authors: A. Emelyanov, I. Tsukanova, G. Sergeeva, G. Fedoseev, N. Lisitsyna, L. Bakanina, E. Nikitina, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Outcome of breech delivery at term
Authors: J. Gardosi
Journal: BMJ (1992)

took a median of 30 minutes to arrive at the patient's home and 20 minutes to reach the hospital.When the same variables were analysed in the patients subsequently confirmed to have definite or probable acute myocardial infarction it was found that the decision time was shorter if relatives were with the patient at the onset of symptoms.The interval between admission to hospital and administration of streptokinase in those given the drug was the longest single delay (median 102 minutes).No factors were identified that significantly influenced the time of administration of streptokinase.Thus most elderly patients reach hospital in time to benefit from thrombolytic treatment but many elderly patients are not admitted to coronary care units.Not only must attention be given to shorten- ing the time to administration of thrombolytic treatment but elderly patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction should have the potential benefit of specialised coronary care.
Contrasting Patterns of Nucleotide Polymorphism at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Locus in the Outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata and the Selfing Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Outi Savolainen, C. H. Langley, B. P. Lazzaro, Hélène Fr
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Nucleotide variation at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (Adh) was studied in the outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata, a close relative of the selfing Arabidopsis thaliana. Overall, estimated nucleotide diversity in the North American ssp. lyrata and two European ssp. petraea populations was 0.0038, lower than the corresponding specieswide estimate for A. thaliana at the same set of nucleotide sites. The distribution of segregating sites across the gene differed between the two species. Estimated sequence diversity within an A. lyrata population with a large sample size (0.0023) was much higher than has previously been observed for A. thaliana. This North American population has an excess of sites at intermediate frequencies compared with neutral expectation (Tajima's D = 2.3, P < 0.005), suggestive of linked balancing selection or a recent population bottleneck. In contrast, an excess of rare polymorphisms has been found in A. thaliana. Polymorphism within A. lyrata and divergence from A. thaliana appear to be correlated across the Adh gene sequence. The geographic distribution of polymorphism was quite different from that of A. thaliana, for which earlier studies of several genes found low within-population nucleotide site polymorphism and no overall continental differentiation of variation despite large differences in site frequencies between local populations. Differences between the outcrossing A. lyrata and the selfing A. thaliana reflect the impact of differences in mating system and the influence of bottlenecks in A. thaliana during rapid colonization on DNA sequence polymorphism. The influence of additional variability-reducing mechanisms, such as background selection or hitchhiking, may not be discernible.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha regulates liver triglyceride metabolism in part through secreted phospholipase A2 GXIIB
Authors: Min Guan, Linbing Qu, Wenjuan Tan, Ling Chen, Chi-Wai Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4α) is an important transcription factor governing the expression of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Secreted phospholipase A(2) GXIIB (PLA(2) GXIIB) is an atypical member of a class of secreted phospholipases A(2) . We establish in this study that PLA(2) GXIIB is an HNF-4α target gene. We demonstrate that HNF-4α binds to a response element on the PLA(2) GXIIB promoter. Moreover, HNF-4α agonists induce PLA(2) GXIIB expression in human hepatocarcinoma cells. Importantly, PLA(2) GXIIB-null mice accumulate triglyceride, cholesterol, and fatty acids in the liver and develop severe hepatosteatosis resembling some of the phenotypes of liver-specific HNF-4α-null mice. These defects are in part due to compromised hepatic very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Finally, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of HNF-4α elevates serum triglyceride level in wild-type but not PLA(2) GXIIB-null mice.Collectively, these evidences suggest that HNF-4α is a key physiological PLA(2) GXIIB transcriptional regulator and that PLA(2) GXIIB is a novel mediator of triglyceride metabolism in the liver.
Positive and negative selection invoke distinct signaling pathways.
Authors: J Alberola-Ila, K A Hogquist, K A Swan, M J Bevan, R M Perlmutter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

During T cell development, interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with cognate ligands in the thymus may result in either maturation (positive selection) or death (negative selection). The intracellular pathways that control these opposed outcomes are not well characterized. We have generated mice expressing dominant-negative Ras (dnRas) and Mek-1 (dMek) transgenes simultaneously, either in otherwise normal animals, or in animals expressing a transgenic TCR, thereby permitting a comprehensive analysis of peptide-specific selection. In this system, thymocyte maturation beyond the CD4+8+ stage is blocked almost completely, whereas negative selection, assessed using an in vitro deletion protocol, is quantitatively intact. This suggests that activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is necessary for positive selection, but irrelevant for negative selection. Generation of gamma/delta and of CD4-8- alpha/beta T cells proceeds normally despite blockade of the MAPK cascade. Hence, only cells that mature via conventional, TCR-mediated repertoire selection require activation of the MAPK pathway to complete their maturation.
Diabetes Hyperglycemia Finding
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL FUNGUS INFECTIONS IN MICE*
Authors: Donald B. Louria, Nancy Fallon, Harry G. Browne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

Alice.Two strains of mice were used.In all studies on histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis, and in some of the Candida experiments, female Swiss albino mice, 17 to 20 g, from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were used.Mice of this strain tolerated up to 2.0 mg cortisone per day for 28 days without weight loss or other noticeable deleterious effects, although some animals failed to gain weight during steroid administration.In later experiments, male Swiss albino mice 17 to 20 g, from Carworth Farms (strain CFW) were used.Mice of this strain consistently lost weight when 0.5 mg of cortisone was administered daily for 5 to 9 days.In- crease in the dosage of 1.0 mg daily for 9 days produced death in up to 30 per cent of control animals.Experiments on moniliasis using this strain were included in the results after it was determined that death curves and tissue populations were similar to those obtained with NIH mice in both normal and cortisone-treated animals.Mice of both strains were variably housed in glass jars, or in metal or plastic cages.They were fed mouse pellets and water ad libitnin.Fuingus strains.Histoplasmiia capsldatnim, strain 6624, was recovered from a patient with disseminated histo- plasmosis in 1952.During serial weekly passage at 370 C, on blood-cysteine agar, it has not altered in pathogenicity for mice, killing at least 80 per cent of animals within 30 days following the intravenous inoculation of 5 X 10 yeast phase cells.Cryptococctus nteoformaits, strain 1148, was recovered in 1954 from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with chronic cryptococcus meningitis.This strain, a large capsule strain, has not altered in pathogenicity for mice during semi-weekly serial passage on Sabouraud's agar slants incubated at 30' C.After intravenous inocula- tion of 2.5 X 10' cells, 90 to 100 per cent of mice die within 8 weeks with gross hydrocephalus.Candida albicans, strain 851, was recovered in 1956 from the oropharynx of a patient with clinical evidence of mucocutaneous moniliasis.It has been maintained by serial monthly passage on Sabouraud's agar slants in- cubated at 30' C.There has been no change in mouse pathogenicity during this period.Five to 30 per cent of mice die within a 4 week period after the intrave- nous injection of 5 X 10' cells.When the inoculum is
SAT0454 The Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Kawasaki Disease from Three Pediatric Rheumatology Centers in Poland
Authors: D. Gorczyca, J. Postępski, M. Lubieniecka, E. Olesińska, I. Lachór-Motyka, V. Opoka-Winiarska, A. Emeryk, A. Gruenpeter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Kawasaki Disease (KD) is one of the most common vasculitides of childhood. The diagnosis of Complete KD (C-KD) requires the presence of fever lasting at least 5 days without any other explanation combined with at least 4 of 5 following criteria: conjunctival injection, oral mucous membrane changes, peripheral extremity changes, rash, cervical lymphadenopathy. Incomplete Kawasaki (IC-KD) is diagnosed in patients who do not fulfill the classic criteria and present three or fewer of the five typical findings. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine incidence of KD and to evaluate its presenting symptoms, clinical course, particularly cardiovascular involvement, laboratory tests and treatment in patients with C-KD and IC-KD. <h3>Methods</h3> The retrospective analysis of patients discharged with a diagnosis of KD at three pediatric rheumatology centers in Poland. The medical records of all inpatients diagnosed KD from 1.01.2011 to 31.12.2012 were reviewed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 27 Caucasians children with median age 3y (range 4 months – 12 years) (M/F:12/15) were included in this study. The incidence of C-KD vs. IC-KD was 17/27(63%) vs. 10/27 (37%) respectively. 2/10 (20 %) patients with IC-KD presented only two classical signs, 8/10 (80%) patients presented three classical KD signs. There were no differences between patients with C-KD and IC-KD in age, clinical symptoms, coronary artery abnormalities, and laboratory investigation. Patients with IC-KD significantly rarely presented cervical lymphadenopathy (20.0 % vs 88.2 %; p=0.00075), changes in extremities (30.0 % vs. 76.5 %; p=0.04), bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis (60.0 % vs. 100.0 %; p=0.01). Other clinical signs frequently noted in C-KD vs. IC-KD patients: gastrointestinal symptoms (58,8 % vs. 80%), hepatic dysfunction (64,7% vs. 40%), arthalgia and/or arthritis (47% vs. 40%), sterile pyuria (35,3% vs. 20%%) respectively. Cardiac assessments show that the majority of patients with KD have not coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). CAA were noted in C-KD vs. IC-KD patients: small - 23,5% vs. 30%, large - 5,9% vs. 10% respectively. All patients were treated with IVIG and ASA in typical regime doses. The median time from symptoms onset to IVIG infusion was 7 days for C-KD and 11 days for IC-KD. IVIG delay in the IC-KD had no effect on the incidence of CAA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There were no differences in demographic features, age of onset, and laboratory tests of patients with C-KD and IC-KD. Patients with IC-KD significantly rarely presented cervical lymphadenopathy, changes in extremities, bilateral nonpurulent conjunctivitis. Despite the fact that incomplete forms of presentation often delays diagnosis, in most patients treatment with IVIG can avoid complication of CAA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Noninvasive Assessment of Coronary Microcirculatory Function in Postmenopausal Women and Effects of Short-Term and Long-Term Estrogen Administration
Authors: Roxana Campisi, Lauren Nathan, Miguel Hernandez Pampaloni, Heiko Schöder, James W. Sayre, Gautam Chaudhuri, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Estrogen improves endothelial function in the coronary conduit vessels of animals; however, its effects on the coronary microcirculation have not been studied completely in humans. Methods and Results — We measured myocardial blood flow (MBF) with a PET scan at rest, during cold pressor testing (CPT), and during dipyridamole hyperemia in 54 postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease. Of these, 23 were not and 31 women were taking long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using estrogen either alone or with a progestogen. Each group was subdivided by coronary risk factors (RFs). Twelve young healthy women served as controls. In women not taking HRT, MBF measurements were repeated after 25 mg of conjugated equine estrogens IV. Neither short estrogen nor long-term HRT affected MBF at rest in women with and without RFs. Dipyridamole MBF was attenuated only in the women with RF who were not taking HRT. Short-term estrogen and long-term HRT did not reverse the abnormal response. MBF responses to CPT were abnormal in women not taking HRT, regardless of RFs (20±15% versus 32±21%) and remained unchanged after short-term estrogen administration. Long-term HRT normalized the response to CPT only in women without RF (53±22% versus 59±36% in the young women; NS). MBFs were similar for women on estrogen alone or estrogen plus a progestogen, regardless of presence or absence of RFs. Conclusion — Menopause is associated with abnormal CPT (an indirect measure of endothelial function), which can be reversed by long-term HRT only when RFs are absent. Progestogens do not antagonize this effect. Long-term HRT may therefore be useful in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease in women without RFs.
How and When To Use the Digitalis Serum Levels
Authors: James E. Doherty
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The indications for measuring serum digoxin levels are suspicion of digitalis intoxication and the need to know the status of digitalization. Pitfalls of interpretation include time of serum sample relative to time of last digitalis dose, age of patient, atrial arrhythmia, electrolyte disturbances, disease state of the patient, recent radioisotopes "on board," abnormal absorption or metabolism, and laboratory error. The serum digoxin level is a useful clinical tool but only when employed with good judgment. Not every patient receiving digitalis requires the measurement of a blood level. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2594-2596, 1978)
Rapid Recovery From Massive Diazepam Overdose
Authors: David J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two patients were hospitalized in moderately deep coma after ingestion of large doses of diazepam (500 and 2,000 mg) with suicidal intent. Neither patient experienced important complications; both recovered fully and were discharged within 48 hours. Concentrations of diazepam and its three pharmacologically active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam) were determined in multiple samples drawn during and after hospitalization. High concentrations of all four compounds were present in early samples, then declined slowly during the next one to two weeks. Rapid clinical recovery after diazepam overdose is not attributable to rapid elimination of active compounds from the body, but more likely to adaptation or tolerance to their depressant effects. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1872-1874, 1978)
Blood Pressure in Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert
Authors: BENJAMIN KAMINER, W. P. W. LUTZ
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The blood pressure was studied in 42 males and 36 females in 2 groups of nomadic Bushmen, living near Ghanzi in the Kalahari Desert, as well as in a third group of 21 Bushmen prisoners and farm laborers from the same region. The pressures were also "corrected" for arm girth. The average systolic pressures were 108.4 mm. Hg (S.D. 11.4) for men and 112.8 mm. Hg (S.D. 14.6) for women. The average diastolic pressures were 66.2 mm. Hg (S.D. 6.9) and 69.6 mm. Hg (S.D. 8.0) for men and women, respectively. These pressures with stated exception, are considered to be lower than for most populations. In the women, the systolic and diastolic pressures were higher than those in the men. The blood pressure showed no tendency to rise with age, an observation in contrast to that found in most other populations. It was suggested that an increase of the blood pressure with age may be an indication of the existence of essential hypertension within that population. The blood pressures of Bushmen prisoners and farm laborers were higher than those in nomadic Bushmen. Further investigation is needed of the genetic and environmental factors affecting the blood pressure in the nomadic Bushmen.