tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5306: 18F-EF5 microPET imaging of treatment response from a novel, hypoxia-selective cytotoxin SN30000 in a human lung cancer xenograft model
Authors: Satish K. Chitneni, Gerald T. Bida, Michael P. Hay, Michael R. Zalutsky, Thorsten Melcher, William R. Wilson, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: SN30000 (CEN-209) is a structural analogue of the clinically tested hypoxic cell cytotoxin tirapazamine, with improved tumor penetration and increased hypoxic cell kill activity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the use of the hypoxia PET imaging agent 18F-EF5 to measure changes in tumor hypoxia before and after treatment with SN30000 in a rat model of human non-small cell lung cancer (H460). Methods: Xenografts were established by subcutaneous injection of about 5 million H460 cells into the lower hind limb of NIH-RNu nude rats, and after 12-13 days the tumors were used for imaging experiments. Using two groups of animals we studied the changes in hypoxia at early time point (5-6 h) and at about 24 h after intraperitoneal administration of a single dose SN30000 (90 mg/kg body weight) or saline. Each group consisted of two control tumors (saline) and three SN30000 treated tumors. In both pre- and post-treatment scans, animals were scanned for 15-20 min at 2.5 h after i.v. injection 0.7-1.4 mCi of 18F-EF5. After reconstruction, PET images were analyzed by drawing regions of interest (ROI) covering whole tumor tissue and on contralateral leg muscle as background ROI. Standard uptake values (SUV) were calculated from the radioactivity concentration in both tumor and muscle tissue after normalization to the injection dose and body weight of the animal. Results: All tumors (n=10) showed tumor-to-muscle ratios (2.2 to 3.1) high enough to delineate the tumor from background activity. The SUV values in pre-treatment scans ranged from 0.43 to 0.79. No change in 18F-EF5 uptake was observed when animals were imaged at 5-6 h post-SN30000 therapy (mean SUV 0.59 ± 0.18 vs 0.59 ± 0.08 at baseline). However, tumors when imaged at 24 h after the treatment showed a decrease in tumor accumulation of 18F-EF5 by 19.7% to 54.6% when compared to pre-treatment scans (SUV 0.39 ± 0.12 vs. 0.63 ± 0.09 at baseline, p=0.06). Three out of four control tumors showed a slight increase in SUV in post-treatment scan compared to pre-treatment scan. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that SN30000 may reduce hypoxia as measured by 18F-EF5 PET imaging at a later time point (1 day) rather than a few hours after treatment, and suggest potential use of 2-nitroimidazole-based PET imaging as an early response biomarker during clinical development of this compound. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5306. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5306
861-3 A phase I open-label dose escalation trial of a monoclonal antibody against tissue factor (sunol cH36) in stable coronary artery disease: Results of the PROXIMATE-TIMI 27 trial
Authors: David A Morrow, Rafael F Sequeira, Tim D Henry, Lawrence A Galitz, Howard A Cooper, Benjamin M Scirica, Graham C Wong, Hing C Wong, Carolyn H McCabe, Elliott M Antman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Correction: Abstract on Thalassemia
Authors: JACK WEINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973Correction: Abstract on ThalassemiaJACK WEINSTEIN, M.D.JACK WEINSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-291_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The abstract of the paper we presented at the 1973 meeting of the American College of Physicians, "Mass Screening for the Detection of β-Thalassemia Trait," as published in the May 1973 issue (p. 823) twice referred to hemoglobin A2as hemoglobin alpha-2. This was not a typographical error on our part and must have been an error in editing. The correct designation is hemoglobin A2and not hemoglobin alpha-2.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 291-291KeywordsHemoglobinThalassemia Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in research: Misleading claims may be symptom of even more serious flaws
Authors: James Penston
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in researchMisleading claims may be symptom of even more serious flaws Editor-Montori et al justifiably draw attention to misleading claims in published clinical trials. 1 This is a serious and common problem. 2 3 However, I object to their radical proposal that only the methods and results sections should be read, while the remainder of the paper should be ignored.The proposal is inconsistent with the title of their paper, "Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in clinical research reports." 1 How are these misleading claims to be identified if the sections containing them are omitted?Furthermore, anyone capable of critically appraising a trial solely on the basis of the methods and results is unlikely to be fooled by misleading claims in the discussion.But, more importantly, the proposal would deprive the discerning reader of witnessing the conflict between the results and the unwarranted conclusions.If researchers are willing to disseminate misleading claims then their integrity is brought into question.But if so, then all aspects of the trial-including the methods and results sections-are also brought into question.Misleading claims should be identified and broadcast loudly for they signal doubts about the entire study.Large scale randomised trials create the ideal conditions for data manipulation.Yet this is merely one of a multitude of problems stemming from a flawed method. 3 The remedy?When reading a study, ignore everything except the number of patients recruited.If this is large proceed no further as there is little prospect of encountering any data of genuine benefit to patients.
A Word for the General Practitioner.
Authors: Geo. F. Keiper
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> "What the General Practitioner Should Know About Eye Diseases." The above title has appeared at the head of numerous articles by as many authors within the last few years. It has recurred with such frequency as to nauseate the one for whom it was intended. A careful analysis of the articles ofttimes reveals a stupendous amount of ignorance and inexperience, either or both of which are reprehensible. They begin something after this fashion: "The object of this paper is to instruct the general practitioner what diseases and conditions of the eye he should send to an oculist and what the oculist is willing that the general practitioner shall treat." Then will probably follow a rehearsal of some cases where a general practitioner is held up to public view because of an error of diagnosis and treatment. Fortunately these cases are very rare in the oculist's practice, if
Global economic crisis hits efforts to combat child mortality and hunger
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An extra 1.2 million children under five years may die by 2015 because of the global economic crisis slowing progress toward key millennium development goals, including those to reduce child mortality and hunger, says a report by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

The study says the current crisis “has resulted in deterioration in human development indicators that will have important future effects even with a robust economic recovery.”

Delfin Go, World Bank economist and lead author of the report, said, “The negative impact in developing countries will be long lasting and immeasurable.” 

Under its baseline post-crisis scenario the report argues that millennium development goal indicators will continue to improve but at a slower pace because of the …
Skeletal Muscle-Specific Ablation of raptor, but Not of rictor, Causes Metabolic Changes and Results in Muscle Dystrophy
Authors: C. Florian Bentzinger, Klaas Romanino, Dimitri Cloëtta, Shuo Lin, Joseph B. Mascarenhas, Filippo Oliveri, Jinyu Xia, Emilio Casanova, Céline F. Costa, Marijke Brink, Francesco Zorzato, Michael N. Hall, Markus A. Rüegg
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Phosphatase PRL-3 Is a Direct Regulatory Target of TGFβ in Colon Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Yanjun Jiang, Xiao-Qiong Liu, Ashwani Rajput, Liying Geng, Melanie Ongchin, Qi Zeng, Gregory S. Taylor, Jing Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Metastasis causes most deaths from cancer yet mechanistic understanding and therapeutic options remain limited. Overexpression of the phosphatase PRL-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver) is associated with metastasis of colon cancer. Here, we show that PRL-3 is a direct target of signaling by TGFβ, which is broadly implicated in progression and metastasis. We found that suppression of PRL-3 expression by TGFβ was mediated by Smad-dependent inhibition of PRL-3 transcription at the level of promoter activity. PRL-3 activation stimulated PI3K/AKT signaling that caused resistance to stress-induced apoptosis. PRL-3 overexpression promoted metastatic colonization in an orthotopic mouse model of colon cancer, whereas PRL-3 knockdown reduced metastatic potential. Altered metastatic phenotypes were not derivative of primary tumor development or local invasion but could be attributed to PRL-3-mediated cell survival. Our findings suggest that inhibiting PRL-3 expression might be an important mechanism through which TGFβ suppresses metastasis in colon cancer. In addition, our findings suggest that loss of TGFβ signaling, which occurs commonly during colon cancer progression, is sufficient to activate a PRL-3-mediated cell survival pathway that can selectively promote metastasis. Therefore, a major implication of our findings is that PRL-3 antagonists may offer significant value for antimetastatic therapy in patients with colon cancer.
Government must act on community care.
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1988)

salmonellas from bulk eggs produced by five of the 11 farms surveyed; they failed to grow any organisms from 1000 shell eggs examined.8More detailed information is undoubtedly required about the distribution of infection among flocks, the incidence of infected birds within flocks, the frequency with which infected birds lay infected eggs, and the numbers of salmonella organisms present in such eggs.Among possible control methods, recent research has shown that irradiating eggs is feasible, but at present it is illegal to sell irradiated food in Britain.In the immediate future, however, the use of irradiation to sterilise poultry feedstuffs offers greater promise but could only be comple- mentary to establishing infection free breeding stocks.Given the current level of salmonellosis in Britain, whether poultry borne or egg borne, it can only be in the long term interests of the poultry industry as a whole, as well as of the consumer, that these objectives are realised.Meanwhile, the recommendations issued by the United Kingdom departments of health, and re-emphasised last week, advising against the consumption of foods to be served cold with raw egg as an ingredient need to be followed, along with the maintenance of proper standards of kitchen hygiene and good temperature control throughout food preparation.
IL-35 mitigates murine acute graft-versus-host disease with retention of graft-versus-leukemia effects
Authors: Y Liu, Y Wu, Y Wang, Y Cai, B Hu, G Bao, H Fang, L Zhao, S Ma, Q Cheng, Y Song, Y Liu, Z Zhu, H Chang, X Yu, A Sun, Y Zhang, D A A Vignali, D Wu, H Liu
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
The Medical Foundation, Incorporated
Authors: Harold W. Demone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE Medical Foundation is unique among voluntary health agencies because of its broad range of interests, which, in practice, makes it the private counterpart of a public-health agency.Through fellowship support of promising young scientists, by granting financial awards to investigators in basic medical research and by promoting better health through a generalized public-health education program, the Medical Foundation develops its new approach.What were the policy issues that led to the development of the Medical Foundation in September, 1957? What goals and programs were envisioned by the founders of this organization and to what degree have they been achieved? . . .
The rhetoric of research
Authors: R. Horton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A naturalist's life would be a happy one if he had only to observe and never to write. (Charles Darwin)

Be careful while reading this article. My purpose is to persuade. To achieve this goal I must not only appeal to your intellect and seek your sympathy for my point of view but also diminish your natural reticence to believe all that you read. If I am successful you should remain unaware of my intention to penetrate your critical guard.

Medical journals—and grant awarding bodies for that matter—proudly adhere to the rigours of peer review despite the striking lack of research about either its efficacy or its reliability. But this system of collegiate accountability frequently ignores a factor that, to the doctor or scientist, may be thought too trivial to devote much attention to: the manipulation of language to convince the reader of the likely truth of a result.

The task of removing hyperbole from a paper is normally left to an editor. But just as qualitative review of research demands knowledge about the subject of that research, and just as statistical review requires mathematical skill, so the analysis of argument demands an understanding of the tools of persuasion available to the author. To interpret a result correctly reviewers, statisticians, editors, and readers should know the conscious and unconscious tricks of authorial rhetoric.

Although applied widely, peer review is by no means a secure discipline. For instance, Altman is critical of the entire notion of peer review, a term that he believes is jargon with no agreed meaning.1 He has described good peer review as the equivalent of good technical editing.

This view is unreasonable. Qualitative and statistical analyses of a research paper frequently raise important issues that, when resolved, improve the manuscript substantially.2 If peer review is …
Tapeworm Infection — The Long and the Short of It
Authors: Dickson D. Despommier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

A diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, commonly caused by the larva of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is rare enough to qualify for presentation at grand rounds in most medical centers throughout the United States. However, in Latin America and South Africa,1 it is a frequent cause of clinical manifestations arising from lesions in the central nervous system. Two reports in this issue of the Journal focus attention on the facts that this condition remains a major health threat throughout Mexico2 and that one need not live there to be at risk of this serious, occasionally life-threatening disease.3 In the United . . .
CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THEN AND NOW 1914
Authors: Paul Dudley White
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Two years after James Herrick<sup>1</sup>published in<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>in 1912 his classical paper on coronary thrombosis Richard Cabot<sup>2</sup>published, also inThe Journal, his important paper on the causes of heart disease in which he said that "the ravages of arterial disease and perhaps many other causes may produce the lesions of chronic fibrous myocarditis, with or without recognizable symptoms. A diagnosis of myocarditis is like a diagnosis of 'ulcer'; it calls for an etiologic qualification." In that paper Cabot analyzed 600 cases of heart disease with failure seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital and attributed the types or causes as follows: rheumatic heart disease 278, nephritic 117, arteriosclerotic 93, and syphilitic 74; there were also 8 goiter hearts and 30 cases not classified. He went on to say that those with "arteriosclerotic" heart disease "often live many years in comparative comfort. On
Patient perspectives on the management of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Torsten Zuberbier, Seth J. Orlow, Amy S. Paller, Alain Taïeb, Roger Allen, José M. Hernanz-Hermosa, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani, Margaret Cox, Joanne Langeraar, Jan C. Simon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Walking to Work and the Risk for Hypertension in Men: The Osaka Health Survey
Authors: Tomoshige Hayashi, Kei Tsumura, Chika Suematsu, Kunio Okada, Satoru Fujii, Ginji Endo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: It is not known whether physical activity is effective in reducing the risk for hypertension. Objective: To investigate the association of the duration of the walk to work and leisure-time physical activity with the risk for hypertension. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Work site in Osaka, Japan. Participants: 6017 Japanese men 35 to 60 years of age with systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, normal glucose intolerance, and no history of hypertension or diabetes at baseline. Measurements: Data on physical activity were obtained by using questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured by using a standard technique; a value of at least 160/95 mm Hg was used to diagnose hypertension. Results: During 59 784 person-years of follow-up, 626 cases of hypertension were confirmed. The duration of the walk to work was associated with a reduction in the risk for incident hypertension; multivariate-adjusted relative risks were 1.00 for a walk of 10 minutes or less (reference category), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75 to 1.04) for an 11- to 20-minute walk, and 0.71 (CI, 0.52 to 0.97) for a walk of 21 minutes or more (P for trend = 0.02). For every 26.3 men who walk more than 20 minutes to work, one case of hypertension will be prevented. Conclusions: Walking to work and other types of physical activity decreased the risk for hypertension in Japanese men. Regular exercise can prevent hypertension.
Loss of the Entire Jejunum and Ileum, and the Ascending Colon
Authors: John M. Kinney
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE AMOUNT of small intestine required for survival is uncertain. Previous reports suggest that between 8 and 18 in. of small intestine below the ligament of Treitz is the minimal amount to support life, although we are aware of 3 exceptions. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the clinical course of a patient whose entire jejunum, ileum, and ascending colon were removed because of necrosis secondary to mid-gut volvulus. From the management of this patient, a systematic, stepwise nutritional program was evolved which may be useful in the care of other patients with major loss of small bowel function. Clinical History A 21-year-old single male was admitted to the Burbank Hospital, Fitchburg, Mass., because of the acute onset of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Since birth he had been subject to recurrent episodes of vomiting and abdominal cramps, but no diagnosis had been made. During adolescence he attained
[104] FUNCTIONAL AND GENETIC INTERACTION OF THE CHEMOKINES CCL (RANTES) AND CXCL (PF) IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES IN MICE AND HUMANS
Authors: D. Scholten, E. Dahl, N. Beraza, F. Lammert, C. Hellerbrand, R. Weiskirchen, C. Weber, C. Trautwein, H.E. Wasmuth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
MicroRNA-193b-3p acts as a tumor suppressor by targeting the MYB oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: E Mets, J Van der Meulen, G Van Peer, M Boice, P Mestdagh, I Van de Walle, T Lammens, S Goossens, B De Moerloose, Y Benoit, N Van Roy, E Clappier, B Poppe, J Vandesompele, H-G Wendel, T Taghon, P Rondou, J Soulier, P Van Vlierberghe, F Speleman
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Surreptitious Self-Administration of Heparin
Authors: Carroll M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Initial coagulation studies performed on a patient with an apparently spontaneous hemorrhagic diathesis revealed only mild abnormalities, which rapidly cleared without therapy. When bleeding recurred, a second series of coagulation studies revealed a circulating anticoagulant which was neutralized by protamine sulfate. Subsequently the patient admitted to surreptitious selfadministration of large doses of heparin sodium.
Parental Consent for Abortion-Reply
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In our Council Report on abortion for minors, the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs concluded that physicians should strongly encourage minors to discuss their pregnancy with their parents. The report emphasizes the value of parental involvement and instructs physicians to ensure that a minor's reluctance to involve her parents is not based on any misperceptions about the likely consequences of parental involvement. The report does not exclude parents nor does it discourage parental involvement. The report recognizes that, in some cases, parental involvement may be harmful. For example, the minor may live in an abusive home, and disclosure of her pregnancy might result in further abuse. In addition, like adults, adolescents need privacy in matters of personal intimacy. Because of the risk of harm to the minor and the minor's need for privacy, the report concluded that minors should not be forced to involve their parents. Nevertheless,
Is there a place in the United Kingdom for intensive antacid treatment for chronic peptic ulceration?
Authors: R Faizallah, H A De Haan, N Krasner, R J Walker, A I Morris, M J Calam, D A Budgett
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Sixty nine patients with chronic duodenal or juxtapyloric ulceration were studied in a prospective double blind randomised trial to compare the efficacy of antacid and placebo at high (30 ml seven times daily) and low (10 ml as required) doses. After four weeks ulcers had healed in 12 out of 18 patients (67%) receiving "low dose" antacid compared with in six out of 17 patients (35%) receiving low dose placebo; ulcers had also healed in six out of 19 patients (32%) receiving "high dose" antacid compared with in two out of 15 patients (13%) receiving high dose placebo. Overall, the effect of antacid was superior to that of placebo in healing ulcers (p less than 0.05) and the effect of low dose treatment was superior to that of high dose treatment (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between antacid and placebo at eight weeks. Antacid was better than placebo in relieving pain, but the difference was not significant. Poor compliance and high incidence of diarrhoea made high dose antacid an impractical treatment. Low dose antacid was associated with a significantly better rate of healing than high dose antacid and was far better tolerated. This low dosage of antacid should be considered to be an active treatment in trials of ulcer healing.