tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DRUG-FASTNESS OF SPIROCHETES TO ARSENIC, MERCURIAL, AND IODIDE COMPOUNDS IN VITRO
Authors: Seinai Akatsu, Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

In the foregoing experiments we attempted to determine whether or not, by subjecting several varieties of spirochetes to increasing doses of certain chemotherapeutic agents, a gradual increase of resistance to the latter could be shown. For this purpose, pure cultures of Treponema pallidum, Treponema microdentium, and Spirochoeta refringens were used against the action of salvarsan, neosalvarsan, bichloride of mercury, and iodine-iodide potassium solution in vitro. For culture media, the usual ascites-broth-tissue medium as well as solid ascites-agar-tissue medium was used. After permitting the spirochetes to grow for a fortnight in media containing certain quantities of each drug, transfers were made from tubes showing various degrees of growth to the next series of tubes containing the same drug in still higher concentrations, and similar transfers repeated every 2 weeks. The results of the experiments may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Treponema pallidum and Treponema microdentium have, within 3 to 4 months, increased their tolerance to salvarsan and neosalvarsan to five and one-half times their original mark. With Spirochata refringens the increase was about three times. 2. Against the action of bichloride of mercury, the amount of increased tolerance of Treponema pallidum was about 35 to 70 times the original, while that of Treponema microdentium was about 10 times as much and was reached within 10 weeks. Spirochata refringens resisted 30 times the original dose. 3. There was an unmistakable increase of resistance of these spirochetes to the action of the iodine-iodide solution (Lugol's solution) when they were grown for several generations in fluid media containing the iodine solution, but the rate of increase between the initial and the acquired tolerance was slight. In general, the addition of Lugol"s solution to fluid media has a weak inhibitory influence upon the growth of the spirochetes, requiring for the total suppression of growth a quantity of over 0.7 cc. to 5 cc. of the culture media. The tolerance reached was for about three times that amount. 4. A similar tolerance phenomenon has not been established when employing a solid instead of a fluid medium containing the drugs. No explanation is offered except a suggestion that the drugs held in the agar do not enter into combination with certain tissue constituents of the medium as they are able to do with tissue elements in fluid media. This may be a factor necessary for inducing drug tolerance in these organisms in vitro. 5. The increased drug-fastness in vitro has a limit beyond which no further advance can be made. This limit varies with different species of spirochetes. 6. The acquired drug-fastness in vitro gradually disappears when the spirochetes are cultivated again in the drug-free media for several generations.
THE OCCURRENCE OF MONGOLISM IN ETHIOPIANS
Authors: Adrien Bleyer
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The first description to attract attention to mongolism appears to have been that of Langdon Down<sup>1</sup>in England, published in 1866. Since that time the cases of mongolism reported have belonged, it seems, exclusively to the Caucasian races, a belief that is expressed in a review of the subject by Muir,<sup>2</sup>which appeared some thirty-seven years later. The recent report by Tumpeer<sup>3</sup>in Chicago, however, of the occurrence of mongolian idiocy in a Chinese boy prompted the making of this additional report of its occurrence in the negro. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. R., an American negro girl, aged 5 months, seen at the North Seventh Street Welfare Station, was recognized as a mongolian idiot by the following items which are taken from the clinic notes: slant eyes with narrowed fissures; flat epicanthic folds; egg face; tiny ears; small, round mouth and nose; markedly redundant folds
The Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia-Reply
Authors: Jeffrey M. Hoeg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Drs Van Horn and Norenberg have raised interesting points in their responses to our recent report. 1 As Dr Van Horn indicates, the use of the recommended formula (LDL cholesterol =total cholesterol—[(triglycerides/5)+HDL cholesterol]) gives a value of 152.8 mg/dL for his blood lipid analysis. However, as indicated in Table 3 of our article, this LDL cholesterol concentration would not place him at moderate risk as he suggests. Therefore, these lipid values would not lead to the use of subsequent diet and drug algorithms. In addition, the LDL cholesterol levels are indeed often lower in hypertriglyceridemic patients since the triglyceride-rich, very low-density lipoprotein particles are not converted to triglyceride-poor, cholesterol-rich LDL particles. In fact, we have recently demonstrated that this particular equation is valid for lipid analyses that include triglyceride levels as high as 800 mg/dL. 2   An additional question was related to the use of ratios in the
Ineffectiveness of Topical Ether for the Treatment of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Lawrence Corey, William C. Reeves, Wen Tsuo Chiang, Louis A. Vontver, Michael Remington, Carol Winter, King K. Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

TROPICAL therapy with 3 per cent adenine arabinoside cream,1 0.5 per cent idoxuridine2 , 3 and photodynamic dyes4 has had no effect on the clinical course of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection. Although higher concentrations of idoxuridine in dimethylsulfoxide have been found to shorten the duratior of recurrent oral5 and genital6 infections with herpes simplex virus, this formulation has not been evaluated in primary infection, and is not currently available in the United States. Because herpes simplex virus is an enveloped, ether-sensitive organism, many have proposed the use of topical diethyl ether for therapy of these infections.7 8 9 The present study was undertaken . . .
Experimental Experience With a Micromodule Pacemaker Receiver Sutured Directly to the Left Ventricle
Authors: HARRY STOECKLE, JOHN C. SCHUDER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

It has been demonstrated that it is possible to transmit sufficient energy to pace a heart by means of inductive coupling between an external coil and a very small pacemaker receiver attached directly to the left ventricle. By the use of such a method in dogs, it has been found that the energy requirements for pacing are not dependent upon the total duration of pacing, but rather depend upon the tissue reaction occurring around the electrodes or pins. Electrode erosion, on the other hand, is related to the pacing process and dependent upon electrode material. The operative implantation of this module is simpler than the other systems presently employed. However, the selection of suitable persons for wearing this unit has not been determined.
Changes in renin, water balance, and sodium balance during development of high blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats.
Authors: G Bianchi, P G Baer, U Fox, L Duzzi, D Pagetti, A M Giovannetti
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

In genetically hypertensive rats of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) and normotensive rats (NR) developed from the same Wistar stock colony, blood pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA), sodium balance, and water balance were measured from the time of weaning to the seventh week postweaning in three separate but essentially identical experiments. In a fourth experiment, total and extracellular water, total sodium, and exchangeable sodium were measured in MHS and NR at 24 and 130 days of age. Although the time course of changes varied slightly between experiments, BP of both NR and MHS rose until the second and third weeks postweaning, at which time BP in MHS was 40 to 50 mm Hg higher than in NR. PRA in MHS was one-half that of NR at weaning. Increasing BP was accompanied by falling PRA in both, and PRA was not significantly different when stable, adult blood pressure was reached. Urinary volume in MHS was 50% to 100% greater (P less than 0.001) than in NR at weaning and for a few days after. Sodium was retained to a greater extent by MHS during the period when the blood pressure difference develops, from weaning to the fourth week postweaning. This sodium retention (MHS = 97.0 plus or minus 10.3, NR = 65.2 plus or minus 6.8 SE mu-Eq Na retained/g body weight gain; P less than 0.005) is the result of significantly lower urinary excretion of dietary sodium by MHS. A causative role for the kidney is suggested in the established of high blood pressure in MHS.
Evarts A. Graham and the First Pneumonectomy
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1984)

On April 5, 1933, at the Barnes Hospital in St Louis, Evarts A. Graham performed the first successful pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. He was assisted in the operation by Dr William D. Adams. The operation was reported by Dr Graham along with J. J. Singer<sup>1</sup>of the Chest Service of the Barnes Hospital in the Oct 28, 1933, issue of<i>JAMA</i>and established treatment by operation for this previously hopeless disease. The patient, Dr James L. Gilmore, a 48-year-old obstetrician from Pittsburgh, survived for a long period and, ironically, outlived Dr Graham, who himself died of lung cancer in 1957. Dr Gilmore came to St Louis originally for consultation by Dr Graham, believing that he had a lung abscess. Graham told him that it was a lung cancer, and Gilmore went back to Pittsburgh to decide whether to have an operation to remove this portion of his
456 CC GENOTYPE OF rs12979860 IL28B MODERATES PROGRESSION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: S. Frankova, R. Bartakova, M. Jirsa, V. Hejda, P. Urbanek, D. Merta, J. Spicak, P. Trunecka, J. Sperl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Patterns of divergence during evolution of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors in mammals
Authors: R. L. Goodwin, H. Baumann, F. G. Berger
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor superfamily, has a primary role in controlling neutrophil elastase activity within the mammalian circulation. Several studies have indicated that the reactive center region of alpha 1-PI, the amino acid sequence of which is critical to recognition of and binding to target proteinases, is highly divergent within and among species. This appears to be a consequence of accelerated rates of evolution that may have been driven by positive Darwinian selection. In order to examine this and other features of alpha 1-PI evolution in more detail, we have isolated and sequenced cDNAs representing alpha 1-PI mRNAs of the mouse species Mus saxicola and Mus minutoides and have compared these with a number of other mammalian alpha 1-PI mRNAs. Relative to other mammalian mRNAs, the extent of nonsynonymous substitution is generally high throughout the alpha 1-PI mRNA molecule, indicating greater overall rates of amino acid substitution. Within and among mouse species, the 5'-half of the mRNA, but not the 3'-half, has been homogenized by concerted evolution. Finally, the reactive center is under diversifying or positive Darwinian selection in murid rodents (rats, mice) and guinea pigs yet is under purifying selection in primates and artiodactyls. The significance of these findings to alpha 1-PI function and the possible selective forces driving evolution of serpins in general are discussed.
Melphalan 200 mg/m2 versus melphalan 100 mg/m2 in newly diagnosed myeloma patients: a prospective, multicenter phase 3 study
Authors: Antonio Palumbo, Sara Bringhen, Benedetto Bruno, Antonietta Pia Falcone, Anna Marina Liberati, Mariella Grasso, Roberto Ria, Francesco Pisani, Clotilde Cangialosi, Tommaso Caravita, Anna Levi, Giovanna Meloni, Andrea Nozza, Patrizia Pregno, Attilio Gabbas, Vincenzo Callea, Manuela Rizzo, Luciana Annino, Valerio De Stefano, Pellegrino Musto, Ileana Baldi, Federica Cavallo, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Massimo Massaia, Mario Boccadoro
Journal: Blood (2009)
Diagnostic characteristics of a gelatin based Waaler-Rose assay (Serodia-RA) for the detection of rheumatoid factor
Authors: T Spiritus, Patrick Verschueren, Rene Westhovens, Xavier Bossuyt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of a gelatin based Waaler Rose assay (Serodia-RA) for the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).RF was measured by Serodia-RA and rate nephelometry in 90 patients with RA according to the revised ACR criteria and 102 patients with rheumatological diseases other than RA. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, likelihood ratios, and area under the curve using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were determined for both tests. Agreement between assays was assessed on 1657 consecutive samples.At equal specificity, Serodia-RA tended to be more sensitive than rate nephelometry (0.66 v 0.58; p = 0.04). ROC plots showed an area under the curve of 0.843 for Serodia-RA and 0.784 for nephelometry, providing further evidence that Serodia-RA was slightly better at differentiating between RA and non-RA arthropathy. Good agreement was found between both assays.Serodia-RA is slightly more accurate than rate nephelometry for the detection of RF in RA, and a combination of both assays only marginally improves the diagnostic usefulness of RF detection. Use of two tests for detection of RF is not recommended. One test for detection of RF together with a more specific test, such as antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide, is suggested.
Fexofenadine effectively relieves seasonal allergic rhinitis in children from the USA*1
Authors: D. Bernstein, E.O. Meltzer, J. van Bavel, R. Menendez, H. Milgrom, A.F. Finn, J.A. Winder, A. Economides, P. Hardy, E. Ruuth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Efficacy of a combination of sodium valproate and baclofen in Meige's disease (idiopathic orofacial dystonia).
Authors: M J Brennan, P Ruff, R Sandyk
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Efficacy of a combination of sodium valproate and baclofen in Meige's disease (idiopathic orofacial-dystonia) CommentThese results show a dramatic reversal of the male predominance in gastric ulcers over the past several decades.It is extremely difficult to compare various epidemiological data on gastric ulcer, but a slow on 14 August 2023 by guest.
Normal outcome of pregnancy in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with interferon‐α in 1<sup>st</sup>trimester: Report of 3 cases and review of the literature
Authors: A.A.S. Mubarak, I.R. Kakil, A. Awidi, U. Al‐Homsi, Z. Fawzi, M. Kelta, A. Al‐Hassan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Three patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in chronic phase received Interferon‐α during pregnancy, starting from the 1 st trimester. No maternal complications were reported. The 3 patients delivered normal looking babies apart from one baby who was found to have transient mild thrombocytopenia. Subsequently these children were followed for 30, 12, and 4 months and all had normal growth and development. Am. J. Hematol. 69:115–118, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxic Shock Syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus, and Influenza-Reply
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  In response to Dr Todd's comments, we agree that the patients reported in our study could have had S aureus sinusitis. However, if such infections were present, they were not clinically apparent. Two points are therefore important. First, the diagnosis of TSS complicating influenza should be considered even in the absence of apparent focal infection (sinusitis, empyema, pulmonary abscess, or pneumonia). Second, we agree that localized foci of infection should be looked for and drainage implemented as soon as possible.
Categorizing, Tracking Birth Abnormalities
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THREE of four birth defects in this country are epidemiologic mysteries, says Godfrey Oakley, MD, chief of the birth defects branch in the CDC's Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control, Atlanta, Ga. "We don't know if we're looking for 50 [causes] or, my guess is, closer to 100 000 different disease processes," he says. "The challenge is to find these various and sundry causes," Oakley says, that together account for the fifth leading cause of years of potential life lost in the United States. Oakley keeps track of reported birth defects and mental retardation, putting them into 150 categories in all and analyzing the numbers every 6 months for any changes or emerging patterns. "So much is associated with nondescript poverty," he says, and lack of prenatal care is often blamed. But, Oakley says, he suspects the latter is "overrated" as a cause by itself. While incidence does go
Glucose Blockage of the Increase in Stroke Volume Produced by Smoking
Authors: DAVID C. MOSES, DONALD POWERS, LOUIS A. SOLOFF
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The percentage changes in the cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate were determined in seven healthy habitual smokers after smoking, after glucose, and after smoking preceded by glucose. No significant changes occur after glucose. There is a significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate after smoking. Pretreatment with glucose did not change the heart-rate response to smoking. Nevertheless, the cardiac-output response was diminished. This decrease is due to a block in the increase in stroke volume induced by smoking.
Preservation of endothelial cells in excised rat carotid arteries. Effects of transmural pressure and segment length.
Authors: D A Lewis, J L Loomis, S S Segal
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

When arteries are excised, they collapse and shorten spontaneously, which can result in damage to the endothelium. To determine if an intact endothelial cell layer could be preserved in excised vessels, we isolated and cannulated rat carotid artery segments (in situ length, Lis, 10-20 mm) at both ends while maintaining both transmural pressure (70 mm Hg) and Lis, while either transmural pressure or Lis, or after allowing vessel collapse and shortening (n = 4 vessels per treatment). After each treatment, vessel segments were perfused with fixative and stained with AgNO3 to visualize endothelial cells. The amount of endothelial cell loss was quantified using stereological analysis of video microscopic images of the luminal surface. Results demonstrated that maintenance of both Lis and transmural pressure minimized endothelial cell denudation (1.6 +/- 0.9%); permitting the vessel to collapse and shorten resulted in the greatest loss of endothelial cells (59.4 +/- 13.2%); and maintenance of either pressure or Lis resulted in intermediate endothelial cell loss (13-30%). We conclude that the spontaneous collapse and shortening that normally accompany the excision of arterial segments result in substantial endothelial cell loss, which can be virtually eliminated with the maintenance of transmural pressure and vessel segment length. These findings have implications for surgical and experimental procedures requiring intact endothelium.
Is vesicular exocytosis and membrane recycling a mechanism for secretin-induced choleresis in bile duct epithelium? Kato A, Gores GJ, LaRusso NF. Secretin Stimulates Exocytosis in Isolated Bile Duct Epithelial Cells by a Cyclic AMP-mediated Mechanism. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 15523–15529
Authors: W Cho
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Hormone Replacement and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Peter Bösze, András Tóth, Miklós Török
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Turner's syndrome is characterized by estrogen deficiency due to nonfunctioning bilateral streaks of fibrous stroma.1 The benefit of hormone-replacement therapy in patients with this disorder has been well demonstrated. An increased risk of breast cancer in healthy postmenopausal women who receive more than 5 years of hormone-replacement therapy has been reported,2 but data from studies in patients with Turner's syndrome are scarce. However, concern about such patients, which has been raised by an extrapolation of findings from studies involving postmenopausal women, appears to be unwarranted.3 We report on 62 patients with Turner's syndrome and 3 patients with . . .
Toxic compensation bills.
Authors: R C Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Congress has demonstrated interest in toxic compensation legislation, but not enough agreement to make significant progress. Advocates of reform claim that the legal system is heavily weighed against victims who seek compensation through the courts. Proposed reforms include a compensation fund and a cause of action in federal court. Critics have questioned whether these changes in the law would represent an improvement. Existing income replacement, medical cost reimbursement, and survivor insurance programs largely cover the losses of individuals with chronic disease. Thus, the need for an additional compensation is not clear. Furthermore, experience with compensation funds such as the Black Lung Fund suggests that political rather than scientific criteria may be used to determine eligibility. Finally, under the proposed financing mechanisms the compensation funds that are being debated would not increase incentives for care in the handling of hazardous wastes or toxic substances.
Comparison of the HL-A phenotypes of lymphocytes and kidney cells determined by the fluorochromasia cytotoxicity assay
Authors: Kathryn S. Douglas, Herbert A. Perkins, Kent Cochrum, Samuel L. Kountz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Correlation of leukocyte typing with homograft survival suggests that HL-A typing of white blood cells reflects the histocompatibility factors of the kidney, yet some apparently well-matched kidneys are rejected. The latter results may, in part, reflect inadequacies of typing techniques, incomplete expression of HL-A factors on white blood cells as compared with the cells of the rejected organ, or isoantigens not shared with leukocytes. In this study the kidney cells and lymphocytes (from blood or nodes) of 14 individuals were typed for HL-A factors 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 12, and factors 4a and 4b by fluorochromasia cytotoxicity. Biopsied kidney cells were prepared with 0.25% trypsin and typed fresh, after varying periods in monolayer culture or after storage in liquid nitrogen, in all cases resulting in cells which were pleomorphic but uniform in reactivity. Reproducibility of lymphocyte typing was 99%, and of kidney cell typing, 93%. The 4a factor was detected on the lymphocytes but not the kidney cells of four individuals. HL-A7 and HL-A8, in contrast, were detected on kidney cells and not lymphocytes of four and three individuals, respectively. Results were consistent within the groups of individual sera used to detect each factor. The HL-A factors detected on both kidney cells and lymphocytes never resulted in more than two alleles at each genetic sublocus. Several examples of post-rejection sera have reacted with donor kidney cells but not with lymphocytes. Kidney cells may thus be useful in compatibility tests to aid in selection of donors for a retransplant. The ability to store donor kidneys by perfusion provides time to employ kidney cells for typing and in compatibility tests, and the use of a standard cytotoxic assay makes their routine use practical. Typing kidney cells as well as lymphocytes thus offers an approach to more complete and accurate HL-A phenotyping.
<i>TET2</i>and<i>DNMT3A</i>Mutations in Human T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Lucile Couronné, Christian Bastard, Olivier A. Bernard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A substantial fraction of T-cell lymphomas carry mutations in two genes — TET2 and DNMT3A — that are involved in DNA methylation. The co-occurrence of these mutations suggests that inhibitors of DN...