tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Model-Based Approach for Detecting Coevolving Positions in a Molecule
Authors: Julien Dutheil, Tal Pupko, Alain Jean-Marie, Nicolas Galtier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

We present a new method for detecting coevolving sites in molecules. The method relies on a set of aligned sequences (nucleic acid or protein) and uses Markov models of evolution to map the substitutions that occurred at each site onto the branches of the underlying phylogenetic tree. This mapping takes into account the uncertainty over ancestral states and among-site rate variation. We then build, for each site, a "substitution vector" containing the posterior estimates of the number of substitutions in each branch. The amount of coevolution for a pair of sites is then measured as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two corresponding substitution vectors and compared to the expectation under the null hypothesis of independence. We applied the method to a 79-species bacterial ribosomal RNA data set, for which extensive structural characterization has been done over the last 30 years. More than 95% of the intramolecular predicted pairs of sites correspond to known interacting site pairs.
AIDS is less of a health threat than other diseases in Africa
Authors: S. W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--In November 1986 the Sunday Express predicted that “the deadly disease AIDS is now so out of control in black Africa that whole nations of people are doomed, leaving vast areas of now populated land devoid of a single person within the next ten years.” Richard Rigby's personal view about the condition of Africa in the wake of AIDS1 is reminiscent of the newspaper's doomladen sentiment and follows another apocalyptic vision of post-AIDS Africa, in which people eke out a “hand to mouth existence …
Laparoscopic Transparietal Puncture of the Gallbladder
Authors: G.I. Lukomsky, G.V. Zhigalkin
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Transparietal laparoscopic puncture of the gallbladder with concomitant therapeutic treatment is shown to be an effective method for the prevention of acute cholecystitis as a stage in the preparation of the patient for surgery.
Role of atrial natriuretic factor in volume control
Authors: Thomas Maack
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a 28 amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted mainly by the heart atria in response to atrial stretch. ANF acts on the kidney to increase sodium excretion and GFR, to antagonize renal vasoconstriction, and to inhibit renin secretion. In the cardiovascular system, ANF antagonizes vasoconstriction, and shifts fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial compartment. In the adrenal gland, ANF is a powerful inhibitor of aldosterone synthesis. ANF participates importantly in the natriuretic response to acute and chronic volume overload. ANF's property of shifting fluid from the vascular to the interstitial compartment acts as a buffering device, guarding against excessive plasma volume expansion in face of an increased total extracellular fluid volume. ANF is also a physiological modulator of GFR, and mediates nephron hyperfiltration and natriuresis when salt excretion is threatened by a reduction in the number of nephrons. Guanylyl cyclase (GCA) receptors mediate the effects of ANF by generating cGMP. Clearance receptors remove ANF from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and serve as a hormone buffer system to impede large inappropriate fluctuations in plasma levels of ANF. The specific structure-function-dynamics relationships of these receptors serve to modulate the role of ANF in pressure-volume homeostasis.
Safety and tolerability of grass pollen tablets in sublingual immunotherapy – a phase‐1 study
Authors: T. H. Larsen, L. K. Poulsen, M. Melac, A. Combebias, C. Andre, H.‐J. Malling
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: A single‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Aims: To compare the safety and tolerability of four different sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) regimes in grass pollen allergic rhinitis. Methods: Thirty subjects sensitized to grass pollen were enrolled and allocated to four groups. Sublingual immunotherapy was administered in tablets daily for 10 days. Groups 1 and 2 received incremental sublingual doses of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 IR, Group 1 daily and Group 2 increments every second day. Repeated constant dose regimens of 300 IR and 500 IR were administered in Groups 3 and 4 respectively. Safety assessments included adverse events (AE), vital signs, electrocardiogram (ECG) and clinical laboratory tests. Results: Sublingual immunotherapy 300 IR (Group 3) administered in a constant dose and incremental doses up to 500 IR (Groups 1 and 2) were generally well tolerated. The majority of AEs were mild to moderate, the most common being oral pruritus, throat irritation and swollen tongue. Severe local AEs (swelling of throat) were observed only for Group 4. No serious systemic AEs were reported. There were no relevant changes in clinical laboratory, vital signs and ECG data. Conclusion: Adverse events were mostly local (sublingual), were not severe and resolved rapidly. Using a 5‐day induction regimen high‐dose treatment up to 500 IR could be administered without important side‐effects, in contrast to initiating with a constant dose of 500 IR. The data indicate that a short dose increase phase may reduce the incidence of AEs when high‐dose SLIT is administered.
Liver Imaging in a Patient with Wilson??s Disease
Authors: KAZUTAKA YAMAMOTO, HITOSHI ISHII, NORISHIGE OSHIRO, HIDEOMI ITO, YOSHITO MORIMOTO, SANAE BITO, TORU MORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

YAMAMOTO, KAZUTAKA M.D.; ISHII, HITOSHI M.D.; OSHIRO, NORISHIGE M.D.; ITO, HIDEOMI M.D.; MORIMOTO, YOSHITO M.D.; BITO, SANAE M.D.; MORI, TORU M.D. Author Information
Androgens and Diabetes in Men
Authors: Elizabeth Selvin, Manning Feinleib, Lei Zhang, Sabine Rohrmann, Nader Rifai, William G. Nelson, Adrian Dobs, Shehzad Basaria, Sherita Hill Golden, Elizabeth A. Platz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Low levels of androgens in men may play a role in the development of diabetes; however, few studies have examined the association between androgen concentration and diabetes in men in the general population. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that low normal levels of total, free, and bioavailable testosterone are associated with prevalent diabetes in men.The study sample included 1,413 adult men aged > or =20 years who participated in the morning session of the first phase of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the U.S. Bioavailable and free testosterone levels were calculated from serum total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and albumin concentrations.In multivariable models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and adiposity, men in the first tertile (lowest) of free testosterone level were four times more likely to have prevalent diabetes compared with men in the third tertile (odds ratio 4.12 [95% CI 1.25-13.55]). Similarly, men in the first tertile of bioavailable testosterone also were approximately four times as likely to have prevalent diabetes compared with men in the third tertile (3.93 [1.39-11.13]). These associations persisted even after excluding men with clinically abnormal testosterone concentrations defined as total testosterone <3.25 ng/ml or free testosterone <0.07 ng/ml. No clear association was observed for total testosterone after multivariable adjustment (P for trend across tertiles = 0.27).Low free and bioavailable testosterone concentrations in the normal range were associated with diabetes, independent of adiposity. These data suggest that low androgen levels may be a risk factor for diabetes in men.
Left ventricular dyssynchrony predicts response and prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Jeroen J. Bax, Gabe B. Bleeker, Thomas H. Marwick, Sander G. Molhoek, Eric Boersma, Paul Steendijk, Ernst E. van der Wall, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Dipole ranging in isolated rabbit hearts before and after right bundle branch block
Authors: D. A. BRODY, J. W. COX, F. W. KELLER, J. R. WENNEMARK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Strength, orientation, and location of the moving equivalent dipole of isolated, perfused rabbit hearts were determined throughout ventricular activation before and after right bundle branch block. The intervention did not appreciably modify early activation, but delayed late forces and caused them to migrate into the basilar free right ventricular wall.
Advances in Diagnosis of Diseases of the Lymphatics
Authors: Robert Bower
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Radiographic delineation of peripheral lymphatic vessels and of lymph nodes has aided in the specific diagnosis of regional edema and lymphatic neoplasms. Whereas anatomic abnormalities in lymphatic vessels are an infrequent finding in all types of primary venous disease, patients with primary lymphedema have shown dilatation, tortuosity, fragmentation, and obstruction of lymph vessels. Primary and secondary lymphatic neoplasms show abnormal radiologic patterns in involved nodes. Postsurgical edema may be predictable on the basis of preoperative lymphatic visualization. In patients who are found before operation to have limited lymphatic drainage, modification of the contemplated surgery, intensive prophylactic care of the extremity against edema after operation, or eventual surgical reconstruction of lymphatic drainage may be considered.
Identification of a central role for complement in osteoarthritis
Authors: Qian Wang, Andrew L Rozelle, Christin M Lepus, Carla R Scanzello, Jason J Song, D Meegan Larsen, James F Crish, Gurkan Bebek, Susan Y Ritter, Tamsin M Lindstrom, Inyong Hwang, Heidi H Wong, Leonardo Punzi, Angelo Encarnacion, Mehrdad Shamloo, Stuart B Goodman, Tony Wyss-Coray, Steven R Goldring, Nirmal K Banda, Joshua M Thurman, Reuben Gobezie, Mary K Crow, V Michael Holers, David M Lee, William H Robinson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
T-cell activation and receptor downmodulation precede deletion induced by mucosally administered antigen
Authors: Jacqueline M. Benson, Kim A. Campbell, Zhen Guan, Ingrid E. Gienapp, Scott S. Stuckman, Thomas Forsthuber, Caroline C. Whitacre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The fate of antigen-specific T cells was characterized in myelin basic protein (MBP) T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) mice after oral administration of MBP. Peripheral Th cells are immediately activated in vivo, as indicated by upregulation of CD69 and increased cytokine responses (Th1 and Th2). Concurrently, surface TCR expression diminishes and internal TCR levels increase. When challenged for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during TCR downmodulation, Tg mice are protected from disease. To characterize Th cells at later times after antigen feeding, it was necessary to prevent thymic release of naive Tg cells. Therefore, adult Tg mice were thymectomized before treatment. TCR expression returns in thymectomized Tg mice 3 days after MBP feeding and then ultimately declines in conjunction with MBP-specific proliferation and cytokine responses (Th1-type and Th2-type). The decline correlates with an increase in apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a high dose of fed antigen induces early T-cell activation and TCR downmodulation, followed by an intermediate stage of anergy and subsequent deletion.
Hazards for elderly people admitted for respite and social care
Authors: M. J P Power, G. McConnell, I. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1986)

during their stay.But the term "social admission" is inaccurate-"desperate admission" would be more pertinent.These patients have usually experienced a rapid deterioration in their health before admission, due to organic brain syndromes, multiple system disease, or severe physical frailty, and sometimes all three.The high mortality rate from these medical conditions is therefore scarcely surprising.The authors present no data on their patients' health before admission for us to judge their-pre- existing morbidity.Labelling chronically ill elderly patients as "social problems" contributes to therapeutic des- pondency in the ward team.It is also unfair and demeaning-elderly people do not deserve to be bracketed with soccer hooligans.
Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococcus Bacteremia in a Cancer Hospital
Authors: Jane S. Henkel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Over an 8-year period, bacteremia due to group A β-hemolytic Streptoccoccus developed in 49 patients in a cancer hospital. The most common underlying diagnosis was a solid tumor. This contrasts with the predominance of lymphomas and leukemias noted in other infections at the same institution. Infection of surgical wounds or cellulitis was frequently the source of bacteremia. Underlying disease, depressed white blood cell count, hypogammaglobulinemia, and advanced age all had less prognostic influence than expected.
Effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on coronary haemodynamics in the resting unanaesthetized dog
Authors: B. Pitt, H. L. Green, Y. Sugishita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on coronary haemodynamics in the resting unanaesthetized dog Get access Bertram Pitt, Bertram Pitt From the Cardiovascular Division of The Department of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Department of Cardiorespiratory Diseases, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Leon Green, H. Leon Green From the Cardiovascular Division of The Department of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Department of Cardiorespiratory Diseases, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yasuro Sugishita Yasuro Sugishita 2 From the Cardiovascular Division of The Department of Medicine of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Department of Cardiorespiratory Diseases, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, U.S.A. 2 Present address: Department of Medicine, Tokyo Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 1970, Pages 89–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.1.89 Published: 01 January 1970 Article history Accepted: 06 June 1969 Published: 01 January 1970
Safety and Mobility of the Older Driver
Authors: Wayne A. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Driving safety in the United States has substantially improved during the past 4 decades. The annual rate of traffic fatalities has decreased from 7.59 per 100 million miles driven in 1950 to 2.15 by 1990.<sup>1</sup>This greater than 3-fold reduction has largely been attributable to the twin strategies of improving vehicle safety, such as better occupant crash protection systems, and reducing behavioral risk factors, such as alcohol use. However, it now may be time for a paradigm shift in safety policy, given the looming collision between what appears to be an irresistible force and an immovable object. The irresistible force is the rapid growth in the number of older drivers,<sup>2</sup>who are more likely to have age-related functional impairments that may compromise driving safety. The immovable object is the nearly universal reliance on driving for mobility in the United States. One can foresee growing ranks of older persons
Cardiovascular reflexes stimulated by reperfusion of ischemic myocardium in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J Y Wei, J E Markis, M Malagold, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially of the inferior left ventricular wall, where most cardiac receptors with vagal afferents that are stimulated during coronary occlusion are located, is commonly associated with reflex hypotension and sinus bradycardia. To determine whether reperfusion of an acutely ischemic area can activate cardiac reflexes, changes in the heart rate, arterial pressure and rhythm were correlated with the time course and location of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in 41 patients with AMI. Of the 27 patients with successful reperfusion, 17 developed significant transient bradycardia and hypotension and one became tachycardic and hypertensive at the time of recanalization. Spontaneous reversion of the bradycardia and hypotension occurred definitely in six patients and possibly in more (nine reverted after atropine and two after fluids). A positive correlation existed between the changes in heart rate and blood pressure, in contrast to the usual inverse relationship when baroreceptors are stimulated. Two of the three patients in whom reperfusion was transient also developed hypotension and bradycardia. In contrast, all 11 patients with persistent occlusion demonstrated no reflex cardiovascular changes during intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. Thus, successful reperfusion in AMI stimulates cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor (Bezold-Jarisch) reflexes. These findings raise the possibility that the transient hypotension and bradycardia observed during AMI, particularly inferior MI, may sometimes reflect the occurrence of spontaneous reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium.
In Six Movements
Authors: John L. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Injury patterns in cyclists attending an accident and emergency department: a comparison of helmet wearers and non-wearers
Authors: C Maimaris, C L Summer, C Browning, C R Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To study circumstances of bicycle accidents and nature of injuries sustained and to determine effect of safety helmets on pattern of injuries. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study of patients with cycle related injuries. <b>Setting</b>: Accident and emergency department of teaching hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 1040 patients with complete data presenting to the department in one year with cycle related injuries, of whom 114 had worn cycle helmets when accident occurred. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Type of accident and nature and distribution of injuries among patients with and without safety helmets. Results - There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to type of accident or nature and distribution of injuries other than those to the head. Head injury was sustained by 4/114 (4%) of helmet wearers compared with 100/928 (11%) of non-wearers (P=0.023). Significantly more children wore helmets (50/309 (16%)) than did adults (64/731 (9%)) (P&lt;0.001). The incidence of head injuries sustained in accidents involving motor vehicles (52/288 (18%)) was significantly higher than in those not involving motor vehicles (52/754 (7%)) (X<sup>2</sup>=28.9, P&lt;0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analysis of probability of sustaining a head injury showed that only two variables were significant: helmet use and involvement of a motor vehicle. Mutually adjusted odds ratios showed a risk factor of 2.95 (95% confidence interval 1.95 to 4.47, P&lt;0.0001) for accidents involving a motor vehicle and a protective factor of 3.25 (1.17 to 9.06, P=0.024) for wearing a helmet. <b>Conclusion</b>: The findings suggest an increased risk of sustaining head injury in a bicycle accident when a motor vehicle is involved and confirm protective effect of helmet wearing for any bicycle accident.
A cryptic insertion (17;15) on both chromosomes 17 with lack of PML–RARA expression in a case of atypical acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: J Tchinda, S Volpert, R Liersch, M Zühlsdorf, H Serve, T Neumann, I Kennerknecht, W E Berdel, T Büchner, J Horst
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
The Economics of ICDs
Authors: Sandeep Jauhar, David J. Slotwiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

On September 28, 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) proposed new reimbursement guidelines for implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) used for the prevention of sudden death from cardiac causes. The new guidelines dramatically increase the number of patients for whom prophylactic implantation of an ICD would be covered by Medicare. Among other things, the CMS dispensed with the controversial “QRS restriction” on patients like those who participated in the second Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial — so-called MADIT-II patients. In this trial, which was reported in the Journal in 2002, ICD therapy conferred a striking survival benefit as compared . . .
Effect of moderate alcohol upon obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: MF Scanlan, T Roebuck, PJ Little, None Redman, MT Naughton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Moderate-to-large quantities of alcohol are known to aggravate severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), however, the reported effects of moderate alcohol consumption upon mild-to-moderate OSA are inconsistent. Given the reported benefits of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular mortality, recommendations regarding the management of patients with OSA are difficult to formulate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate alcohol on sleep and breathing in subjects with mild-to-moderate OSA. Twenty-one male volunteers, who snored habitually, underwent polysomnography with and without 0.5 g alcohol x kg body weight (BW)(-1) consumed 90 min prior to sleep time, in random order. The mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) following alcohol at the time of lights out was 0.07 g x dL(-1). The distribution amongst the various sleep stages was not significantly altered by alcohol. The mean apnoea/hypopnoea index rose from 7.1+/-1.9 to 9.7+/-2.1 events x h(-1) (mean+/-SEM, p=0.017); however, there was no significant change in the minimum arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry Sp,O2, apnoea length or snoring intensity. Mean sleep cardiac frequency rose significantly from 53.9+/-1.4 to 59.9+/-1.9 beats x min(-1) (P&lt;0.001) and overnight urinary noradrenalin increased from 14.9+/-2.3 to 18.8+/-2.3 nmol x mmol creatinine(-1) (p=0.061) on the alcohol night compared to the nonalcohol night. To conclude, modest alcohol consumption, giving a mean blood alcohol concentration of 0.07 g x dL(-1), significantly increases both obstructive sleep apnoea frequency and mean sleep cardiac frequency.