tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
985 NAFLD PREVALENCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN A POPULATION OF ADOLESCENTS IN SOUTHERN ITALY
Authors: C.A. Caserta, G.M. Pendino, P. Surace, M.T. Fiorillo, S. Alicante, C. Vacalebre, F. Amato, A. Amante, M. Marra, G. Gutamo, A. Messineo, M. Surace, I. Polito, R. Cotichini, L. Ferrigno, F. Rosmini, A. Mele, F. Marcucci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The diagnosis of art: Lowry's Cripples
Authors: Manoj Ramachandran, Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

The diagnosis of art: Lowry's Cripples Lawrence Stephen Lowry (1887-1976) is best known for his naı ¨ve-style 'matchstick' people in the industrial north of England.In the later stages of his career, he became increasingly fascinated by misfits, down and outs, and cripples.Perhaps the attraction stemmed from his depression after the death in 1939 of his mother, to whom he was very close, or it may have arisen in the aftermath of World War II.His job as a rent collector with the Pall Mall Property Company in Manchester, until his retirement in 1952, allowed him to wander through the streets and record 'his people'. 1 Lowry was also interested in crowds.
The clinical significance of molecular variation within the hepatitis B virus genome
Authors: Jonathan L. Brown, William F. Carman, Howard C. Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Although HBV has a circular DNA genome that is partially double stranded, it replicates by means of an RNA intermediate. The process is catalyzed by a translation product of the polymerase open reading frame that has reverse transcriptase activity. The enzyme is found in association with the virion and achieves a high rate of nucleotide misincorporation during transcription because such enzymes lack proofreading activity. The virus is remarkable for its efficient use of nucleic acid because the genome is only 3.2 kb long and yet it encodes four groups of proteins and their regulatory elements (1). This is achieved in some regions by reading the sequence through different frames to direct the synthesis of distinct proteins from the same genetic material. Only a few of the mutations that occur during the normal replication cycle therefore permit the entry of a new virus to the pool for natural selection. Nevertheless, patients with chronic hepatitis have been shown to have viruses with different sequences cocirculating, and some regions of the genome are poorly conserved between different isolates (2). The existence of patients with evidence of HBV replication but no evidence of liver disease, both in the early phase of acute infection (3) and in some chronic infections (4), has led to the suggestion that the virus is not directly cytopathic but that it is the immune response to infected liver cells that causes the hepatitis (5). The development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing techniques has allowed us to determine whether sequence variation occurs under host selection and offers an explanation for the variable outcome of HBV infection.
SCLERODERMIA AND THYROID TUMOUR
Authors: H. HALDIN-DAVIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article SCLERODERMIA AND THYROID TUMOUR Get access H. HALDIN‐DAVIS, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. H. HALDIN‐DAVIS, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. Physician, Skin‐Department, Royal Free Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 1, 1 January 1932, Pages 29–33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09536.x Published: 01 January 1932
Coronary collateral function in patients without occlusive coronary artery disease.
Authors: R E Goldstein, L L Michaelis, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Little is known of the functional capacity of coronary collaterals in humans without occlusive coronary artery disease. We, therefore, measured peripheral coronary pressure (PCP) and retrograde flow (RF) from coronary arteries at aortic valve replacement in seven patients without occlusive coronary artery disease. Using a T-connection interposed in left (LCA) and right (RCA) coronary perfusion lines, data were obtained during brief proximal occlusion of each line. PCP was expressed as a fraction of perfusion pressure (PP), and collateral resistance (CR) was calculated as PP/RF. Median values were as follows: (a table was included). In contrast, previous studies of well-collateralized distal segments of diseased coronary arteries revealed mean RF 15.7, CR 5.1 and PCP/PP 0.50. Under the conditions of study, all vessels interconnecting the non-diseased RCA and LCA delivered flow and pressure less readily than collaterals to a single distal segment of a diseased coronary artery. Thus, collaterals in patients without diseased coronary arteries have an extremely limited capacity to transmit either flow or pressure. The absolute values of RF were small relative to the muscle mass perfused by each coronary artery, suggesting that perfusion of only one coronary artery in man during operation may not provide substantial perfusion for large portions of myocardium. Comparison of performance of collaterals supplying atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic coronary arteries indicates that proximal occlusion may be an important factor stimulating enhancement of collateral function. Moreover, the nitroglycerin-induced improvement in collateral function seen in patients with chronic occlusive coronary disease was not demonstrable in patients without coronary occlusion. Thus, coronary collaterals may acquire nitroglycerin responsiveness as a result of changes induced by chronic coronary occlusion.
Common Solid Tumors of Childhood
Authors: William M. Crist, Larry E. Kun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

CHILDHOOD cancer is rare in the United States, but it is the leading cause of death from disease in children 1 to 15 years old.1 The majority of cancers in children are malignant solid tumors, and about 4000 new cases are diagnosed each year.1 Enormous strides have been made in the management of these neoplasms since Farber first demonstrated the sensitivity of metastatic Wilms' tumor to dactinomycin in the mid-1960s.2 For example, rates of cure for solid tumors have increased by as much as 50 percent; new histologic subtypes with implications for prognosis have been identified and incorporated into systems . . .
Clinical trials: what a waste
Authors: J. P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Trials that are unregistered, unfinished, unpublished, unreachable, or simply irrelevant

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard tool for evaluating interventions. Nevertheless, the utility of this excellent tool is contingent on how it is used. Chapman and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g6870) show this in a sample of 395 trials relevant to surgical practice that were registered in ClincialTrials.gov between 2008 and 2009.1 By the end of 2013, 21% were discontinued, 34% of those that were completed were not published, and for 77% of the trials that had uncertain fate no way existed to reach investigators to find what had happened to them. This work adds to several other empirical evaluations showing that evidence from randomized controlled trials is wasted at multiple stages from conception to publication and beyond.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Many trials are entirely lost, as they are not even registered. Substantial diversity probably exists across specialties, countries, and settings. Overall, in a survey conducted in 2012, only 30% of journal editors requested or encouraged trial registration.2

Among registered trials, a sizeable fraction are never completed. In some cases, discontinuation may be the best …
CD5+ B cells and uveitis
Authors: J Jimenez-Alonso
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

By means of a double polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and PRIST technique IgE was detected in 3% PEG precipitates and in the immune complex enriched fractions purified by solid-phase Clq adsorption from sera of 11 of 20 patients with Felty9s syndrome. No correlation was found between the occurrence of complexed IgE and total protein content of the immune complex enriched material. IgE rheumatoid factor and anti-IgE antibody activity were detected in some of the immune complex fractions. Serum levels of complement C3, C4, and factor B were low in IgE immune complex positive cases. Only 4 of 20 patients with articular rheumatoid arthritis had IgE-containing immune complexes.
THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF NUTRITIONAL ENCEPHALOMALACIA OF CHICKS
Authors: Abner Wolf, Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Whatever may be the nature of the nutritive error or deficiency which in chicks is responsible for encephalomalacia, the immediate cause must be looked for in some agent or condition which impairs the capillary circulation of the brain. The essential lesion is an ischemic necrosis, followed, if the animal survive, by reparative organization of the dead tissue.
Pattern of domiciliary consultations in the Trent region.
Authors: A I Coupland, G B Todd
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The variation in demand for domiciliary consultations between the specialties has been examined at a national level1 as requested by the review body on doctors' and dentists' remuneration.2 This paper looks at the distribution between specialties and areas within the Trent region of domiciliary consultations that were undertaken and accepted for payment in 1978-82. The information collected refers to the area health authorities in the Trent region before the reorganisation in 1982. The purpose and rules of operation of the domiciliary consulta? tion service are set out in the terms and conditions of service for hospital and dental staff,3 which state that: A domiciliary consulta? tion shall... be understood to mean a visit to the patient's home, at the request of the general practitioner, and normally in his company, to advise on the diagnosis or treatment of a patient who on medical grounds cannot attend hospital. In addition,  not falling within this definition include: a visit made at the instance of a hospital or specialist to review the urgency of a proposed admission to hospital or to continue to supervise treatment initiated or prescribed at a hospital or clinic. Visits to assess the domestic arrangements of patients in need of, or receiving, psychiatric or psychogeriatric treatment do not, therefore, comply with the regulations. The information in this survey was collected for three reasons. Firstly, there is a duty to monitor the use of resources; secondly, the regional medical officer, and the district medical officer in a teaching district, authorises payment for domiciliary consultations and therefore requires information concerning the use of the service; and, thirdly, there are disparities in the demand for domiciliary consultations both between areas and between specialties. Method of survey
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase κ directly targets STAT3 activation for tumor suppression in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yun-Wen Chen, Tianhuan Guo, Lijun Shen, Kai-Yau Wong, Qian Tao, William W. L. Choi, Rex K. H. Au-Yeung, Yuen-Piu Chan, Michelle L. Y. Wong, Johnny C. O. Tang, Wei-Ping Liu, Gan-Di Li, Norio Shimizu, Florence Loong, Eric Tse, Yok-Lam Kwong, Gopesh Srivastava
Journal: Blood (2015)
Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Arnold S. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, Oct. 22, 1960, there was an editorial on carcinoma of the thyroid gland based on a review of a text written by Lindsay. The contention of Lindsay that most carcinomas of the thyroid do not originate in preexisting benign nodules, is of course not original with the author, this hypothesis having been advanced for many years. Nor is the conclusion that the prophylactic removal of benign nodules, etc., a new idea. How is one to know whether or not an apparently benign nodule of the thyroid is malignant or not until it has been subjected to a careful microscopic study by a pathologist? Merely to cause regression in the size of the goiter by thyroid therapy, I<sup>131</sup>, x-ray, etc., is, in my opinion, not sufficient. The tumor must be entirely eradicated by surgery to prevent the possibility of either hyperthyroidism, malignancy, or any
Survey of the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in UK and Australasian children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: N. Collins, A. Gupta, S. Wright, L. Gauld, D. Urquhart, A. Bush
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis (CF) is frequently used in adults and has been shown to be of benefit to patients with advanced disease in terms of stabilisation of lung function,1 reduction in symptoms and increased exercise capacity.2 When used as an adjunct to physiotherapy, NIPPV increases oxygen saturations (Spo2), tidal volume, maximum expiratory muscle strength and ease of sputum clearance.3 4 There are no guidelines for the assessment of gas exchange or timing and mode of NIPPV initiation in patients with CF. The British Thoracic Society guideline states ‘there is insufficient evidence to recommend its routine use in patients with CF’.5 The aim of this study was to establish current …
Redesigning After-Hours Primary Care
Authors: Michael E. Miller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters3 January 2012Redesigning After-Hours Primary CareMichael E. Miller, MDMichael E. Miller, MDFrom Boston University Affiliated Physicians, Boston, MA 02199.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The editorial by Margolius and Bodenheimer (1) in response to the successful Dutch after-hours primary care model reviewed by Giesen and colleagues (2) does not mention several essential differences between the U.S. and Dutch health care systems that would make the process of adopting such a model in the United States difficult.The Netherlands and most of Western Europe have invested in more developed primary care systems than the United States and seem to value primary care physicians more—there is a notably smaller salary gap between specialists and primary care providers in those countries. Specialty societies in ...References1. Margolius D, Bodenheimer T. Redesigning after-hours primary care [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:131-2. [PMID: 21768588] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Giesen P, Smits M, Huibers L, Grol R, Wensing M. Quality of after-hours primary care in the Netherlands: A narrative review. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:108-113. [PMID: 21768584] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Boston University Affiliated Physicians, Boston, MA 02199.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRedesigning After-Hours Primary Care David Margolius and Thomas Bodenheimer Quality of After-Hours Primary Care in the Netherlands: A Narrative Review Paul Giesen , Marleen Smits , Linda Huibers , Richard Grol , and Michel Wensing Redesigning After-Hours Primary Care Azeem Majeed Redesigning After-Hours Primary Care David Margolius and Thomas Bodenheimer Metrics Cited ByPotentially avoidable hospitalisations of German nursing home patients? A cross-sectional study on utilisation patterns and potential consequences for healthcare 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 67KeywordsConflicts of interestEmotionsHealth careHealth insurancePrimary careSurgeons ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
ABC of Work Related Disorders: ASSESSING FITNESS FOR WORK
Authors: W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Assessments of fitness for work can be important for job applicants, employees, and employers. Unfitness due to an acute illness is normally self evident and uncontentious, but assessing other cases may not be straightforward and can have serious financial and legal implications for those involved. Commercial viability, efficiency, and legal responsibilities lie behind the fitness standards required by employers, and it may be legitimate to discriminate against people with medical conditions on these grounds. Unnecessary discrimination, however, is counterproductive if suitable staff are overlooked and may be costly in cases of unfair dismissal. In addition, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 makes it illegal for employers of 20 or more staff to discriminate without justification against those with disability as defined by the act. Fortunately, balancing these often complex socioeconomic and legal issues to achieve a sustainable decision on fitness is not primarily a medical responsibility. Doctors do, however, have responsibilities to assess the relevant facts competently and provide helpful medical advice when required. #### Sociolegal implications of assessing fitness for work This article deals with assessing fitness for "identified employment." To avoid confusion with related issues, the following points should be noted at the outset:
The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution
Authors: Dana Loomis, Yann Grosse, Béatrice Lauby-Secretan, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Robert Baan, Heidi Mattock, Kurt Straif
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Proactive Outreach Strategies to Connect Smokers With Tobacco Cessation Treatment
Authors: Anne Joseph, Steven Fu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

38. Rigotti NA, Bitton A, Kelley JK, Hoeppner BB, Levy DE, Mort E. Offering population-based tobacco treatment in a healthcare setting: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41(5):498-503. 39. Fraser D, Christiansen BA, Adsit R, Baker TB, Fiore MC. Electronic health records as a tool for recruitment of participants’ clinical effectiveness research: lessons learned from tobacco cessation. Transl Behav Med. 2013;3(3):244-252.
<i>In vivo</i> Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of a <i>c-MYC</i> Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer, AVI-4126, in Solid Tumors
Authors: Gayathri R. Devi, Tomasz M. Beer, Christopher L. Corless, Vikram Arora, Doreen L. Weller, Patrick L. Iversen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) inhibit targeted gene expression by preventing ribosomal assembly, thereby preventing mRNA translation. AVI-4126, a PMO targeted against c-MYC, has been extensively characterized in multiple cancer and other disease models and is currently in human clinical trials. A phase I clinical study was conducted to address the issue of PMO bioavailability in malignant tumors surgically excised from patients with adenocarcinoma of prostate and breast 1 day after i.v. administration of a single dose of 90 mg AVI-4126 PMO. The study objectives were to evaluate safety, to determine AVI-4126 concentration in tissue samples of the tumors, and to examine the distribution of AVI-4126 (margin versus tumor core). Significant concentrations of intact PMO similar to the animal models were detected in both human prostate and breast tumor tissues with increased distribution in the tumor core for the vascular breast tumors. No serious adverse events (graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) were reported. Another phase I study was conducted in normal human volunteers to assess AVI-4126 plasma pharmacokinetics following single i.v. administration of 90 mg AVI-4126. Data from both human studies indicated similar plasma concentration-time profile. These studies show PMO bioavailability in tumor tissue and establish the feasibility of using PMO targeting specific genes in human cancer clinical trials.
A comparison of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: A multicenter trial
Authors: A Shalita, J.S Weiss, D.K Chalker, C.N Ellis, A Greenspan, H.I Katz, I Kantor, L.E Millikan, T Swinehart, L Swinyer, C Whitmore, M Baker, J Czernielewski
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)
Opium and the People: Opiate Use in Nineteenth-Century England
Authors: Barry I. Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1987)

An impartial observer surveying our society's response to drug abuse might be amused or appalled, but not admiring. Some dangerous drugs, such as tobacco and alcohol, are dealt with in an ambivalent manner, despite widespread acknowledgment of their devastating effects. Other dangerous drugs, such as opiates and cocaine, are strictly and harshly controlled in a manner suggestive of moralistic zeal rather than public health concern. The rationale for these differing approaches is clearly not based solely on pharmacology and has its roots in societal and historical factors. The understanding of these roots by those concerned with drug abuse treatment and policy formulation might lead to a more informed approach to these areas. This book provides such an understanding for one drug, opium. Written mainly by a historian (Berridge) aided by a psychiatrist specializing in addiction (Edwards), this volume traces the evolution of opium use in Great Britain in the 19th
Efficacy and Safety of Incretin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Renee E. Amori, Joseph Lau, Anastassios G. Pittas
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextPharmacotherapies that augment the incretin pathway have recently become available, but their role in the management of type 2 diabetes is not well defined.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of incretin-based therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes based on randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals or as abstracts.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE (1966–May 20, 2007) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (second quarter, 2007) for English-language randomized controlled trials involving an incretin mimetic (glucagonlike peptide 1 [GLP-1] analogue) or enhancer (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [DPP4] inhibitor). We also searched prescribing information, relevant Web sites, reference lists and citation sections of recovered articles, and abstracts presented at recent conferences.Study SelectionRandomized controlled trials were selected if they were at least 12 weeks in duration, compared incretin therapy with placebo or other diabetes medication, and reported hemoglobin A1c data in nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion and extracted data. Differences were resolved by consensus. Meta-analyses were conducted for several efficacy and safety outcomes.ResultsOf 355 potentially relevant articles identified, 51 were retrieved for detailed evaluation and 29 met the inclusion criteria. Incretins lowered hemoglobin A1c compared with placebo (weighted mean difference, −0.97% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −1.13% to −0.81%] for GLP-1 analogues and −0.74% [95% CI, −0.85% to −0.62%] for DPP4 inhibitors) and were noninferior to other hypoglycemic agents. Glucagonlike peptide 1 analogues resulted in weight loss (1.4 kg and 4.8 kg vs placebo and insulin, respectively) while DPP4 inhibitors were weight neutral. Glucagonlike peptide 1 analogues had more gastrointestinal side effects (risk ratio, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.0-4.2] for nausea and 3.2 [95% CI, 2.5-4.4] for vomiting). Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors had an increased risk of infection (risk ratio, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.4] for nasopharyngitis and 1.5 [95% CI, 1.0-2.2] for urinary tract infection) and headache (risk ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1-1.7]). All but 3 trials had a 30-week or shorter duration; thus, long-term efficacy and safety could not be evaluated.ConclusionsIncretin therapy offers an alternative option to currently available hypoglycemic agents for nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes, with modest efficacy and a favorable weight-change profile. Careful postmarketing surveillance for adverse effects, especially among the DPP4 inhibitors, and continued evaluation in longer-term studies and in clinical practice are required to determine the role of this new class among current pharmacotherapies for type 2 diabetes.