tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEMATOGENOUS AND OBSTRUCTIVE ICTERUS
Authors: G. H. Whiffle, C. W. Hooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

Normal and Eck fistula dogs react in a similar manner to the intravenous injection of hemoglobin obtained from laked red cells of the same animal. Hemoglobin appears in the urine after a few minutes and bile pigments in one to one and one half hours. In this simple type of hematogenous jaundice the reaction is in no way influenced by shutting out the portal blood from the liver and cutting down its blood supply to about 25 per cent. of normal. In a second type of hematogenous jaundice produced by chloroform anesthesia, which produces central liver necrosis, there is no essential difference between the normal and Eck fistula dog. The Eck fistula dog, as a rule, is more resistant to this poison, but, given a definite liver necrosis, the jaundice developing will reach its maximum on the second day as in the normal animal. This jaundice must be explained in part by capillary biliary obstruction, but in part by a hemolysin formed in the injured liver cells (Joannovics and Pick). Simple obstruction of the common duct when combined with an Eck fistula gives rise to a definite low grade icterus with bile pigment constantly present in the urine. Under these conditions after doubly ligating and cutting the common duct with separation of the cut ends, the lumen of the duct may be established and bile may enter the intestine by means of a fistulous tract between the cut ends of the bile duct. The formation of bile and bile pigments is much less in an Eck fistula dog than in a normal animal and consequently the icterus is much less intense. This is probably due to a lessened activity of the liver cells because of decreased blood supply. This observation does not harmonize with the current view that bile pigments are formed solely from hemoglobin, as there is no evidence of more hemolysis in a normal than in an Eck fistula dog. This suggests that the bile pigment may be formed in part, at least, from other substances than hemoglobin, and, further, that bile pigment formation normally may depend in part upon the functional activity of the liver cell rather than upon the amount of hemoglobin supplied to it.
Correlative Neuroanatomy and Functional Neurology
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Many of my students purchase this text, now in its 12th edition, and ignore the other excellent neurological works that are currently available. Their reasons for preference are varied, including the outline form of the book, its numerous illustrations, its moderate price, and the simple presentation not only of neuroanatomy and neurology, but also of neurophysiology, neuropathology, and ancillary diagnostic procedures. Additions and improvements in this book have come with each new edition. I agree with my students that it contains a wealth of information which, if digested, could provide an excellent basis for advanced study. An objection can be raised because of the failure in some sections to differentiate the important from the historical or merely trivial. For example, in a brief two-paragraph description of the clinical findings in tabes dorsalis. it is stated that "Biernacki's sign (of tabes) is loss of deep pressure pain when pressure is exerted
Idiopathic Type 1 Diabetes in Dallas, Texas
Authors: Antonio Piñero-Piloña, Patrick Litonjua, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Philip Raskin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To describe the clinical course of individuals with idiopathic type 1 diabetes after a mean of 5 years from diagnosis and to compare glycemic control between those treated with diet and/or oral agents and those treated with insulin at follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Medical records of patients with new-onset diabetes, who presented with unprovoked diabetic ketoacidosis, were reviewed. A total of 54 of these individuals were traceable and had relevant data collected within the past 2 years. All patients had nonsusceptibility HLA haplotypes and no serological evidence of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Most of these patients were male (41 men and 13 women), were non-Caucasian, were obese at the time of diagnosis (BMI 31.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2), reported weight loss (12.8 ± 9.8 kg), had a family history of type 2 diabetes, and had acanthosis nigricans. At follow-up, 33 patients were still taking insulin and 21 were on diet and/or oral-agent therapy. RESULTS—Both treatment groups were similar in clinical presentation and demographics at diagnosis. After 4.8 ± 1.6 years of follow-up, the 33 patients that were receiving insulin had a lower HbA1c than the 21 patients who were using therapies other than insulin (7.8 ± 2.4 vs. 11.1 ± 3.5%, P = 0.009; 95% CI 1.0–6.5%). There was a high correlation between change in weight and change in HbA1c at follow-up (r = 0.45, P &amp;lt; 0.001, n = 54). There were no differences in the rate of diabetes complications or in the episodes of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis. CONCLUSIONS—Idiopathic type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in male African-American patients but also occurs in other ethnic groups. Patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes who continued to use insulin had better glycemic control than patients using therapies other than insulin. Regained weight is a good clinical marker for improvement in glycemic control. Individuals with this type of diabetes should not be switched to therapies other than insulin.
Abstract 4520: Targeting galectin-1 with PTX-008 inhibits invasion, tumor growth and metastasis in human carcinoma models
Authors: Lucile Astorgues-Xerri, Diane De Groot, Maria Serova, Eric Huet, Suzanne Menashi, Maria E. Riveiro, Esteban Cvitkovic, Kay Noel, Eric Raymond, Sandrine Faivre
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background. Galectin-1 belongs to a phylogenetically conserved family of carbohydrate binding lectins (galectins) that share a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain and are involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of galectin-1 inhibition by shRNA or PTX-008, a topomimetic of antiangiogenic drug Anginex, on in vitro cancer cells invasion and on in vivo tumor growth and metastasis development. Material and Methods. In vitro invasion was evaluated using Matrigel assay. Transfection of SQ20B head&amp;neck cancer cells with galectin-1 shRNA was done using the Santa Cruz Biotechnology protocol. In xenograft studies, cells were injected s.c. into female nu/nu athymic mice either treated with vehicle or 10mg/kg PTX-008 i.p. daily for 3 weeks. Measurements were done twice a week, tumor volume was determined as 3.14(width2)/length. Results. PTX-008 demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects on galectin-1 expressing SQ20B cells with IC50 of 3.8µM. Transfection of SQ20B cells with shGal1 (SQ-shGAL1) did not change proliferation of cells. In contrast, shGAL1 and PTX-008 significantly decreased invasion in matrigel assays. SQ20B and SQ-shGAL1 cells were injected in nude mice and SQ20B mice were treated continuously with PTX-008. Targeting galectin-1 with PTX-008 as well as inhibiting endogenous galectin-1 by shRNA inhibited significantly tumor growth in mice. Similar results with inhibition of tumor growth were obtained using A2780-1A9 ovarian xenografts treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg PTX-008. Subcutaneous injections of SQ20B in mice result in the development of multiple subcutaneous metastases. Interestingly, PTX-008 treated SQ20B-xenograft mice and mice with SQ-shGAL1 implanted tumors had respectively 80% and 50% decreased numbers of secondary tumors as compared to control groups. After treatment, tumors were isolated and analyzed for expression of galectin-1 by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Interestingly, treatment with PTX-008 seems to inhibit the protein level of galectin-1 in SQ20B xenografts. In addition, tumors treated with PTX-008 expressed lower VEGFR2 and CXCR4 mRNA levels as compared to control tumors, suggesting antiangiogenic properties of PTX-008. The study of molecular mechanisms implicated in galectin-1-induced inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis development is in progress. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that targeting galectin-1 by PTX-008 may be an effective approach to treat cancer patients and to prevent secondary tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4520
Dr. McGrath and Colleagues Reply
Authors: PATRICK J. McGRATH, JONATHAN W. STEWART, MAURIZIO FAVA, MADHUKAR H. TRIVEDI, STEPHEN R. WISNIEWSKI, ANDREW A. NIERENBERG, MICHAEL E. THASE, LORI DAVIS, MELANIE M. BIGGS, KATHY SHORES-WILSON, JAMES F. LUTHER, DIANE WARDEN, A. JOHN RUSH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)
Noninfluenzal Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract
Authors: John H. Dingle, A. E. Feller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE recent discovery by Rowe et al.1 and by Hilleman and Werner2 of a new group of viruses inhabiting the respiratory tract has given renewed impetus to the study of respiratory infections presumably due to viruses but not caused by any of the previously identified viruses, including those of influenza. Not only are these viruses of importance to the microbiologists but also they appear at present to be causes of at least two clinically recognizable types of respiratory infection formerly considered within the large group of common respiratory diseases of unknown but presumably viral etiology.Many surveys have been made . . .
A Gift of Time
Authors: Lidia Schapira
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Cognitive Impairment and Premorbid Intelligence on Treatment Preferences for Life-Sustaining Medical Therapy
Authors: Seena Fazel, Tony Hope, Robin Jacoby
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the influence of cognitive impairment, premorbid intelligence, and decision-making capacity to complete advance directives on the treatment preferences for life-sustaining medical therapy in the elderly.METHOD: One hundred elderly individuals were recruited. Fifty were first referrals to specialist services with a DSM-IV diagnosis of dementia, and 50 were volunteers. Each person was asked about treatment preferences in three clinical vignettes.RESULTS: Elderly individuals who had cognitive impairment and were incapable of completing advance directives were significantly more likely to opt for life-sustaining interventions. There was no association between premorbid intelligence and treatment preferences.CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment appears to influence treatment preferences for life-sustaining medical therapy. With increasing cognitive impairment, elderly individuals tend to opt for treatment interventions.
The Adequacy of Subendocardial Oxygen Delivery
Authors: JOHN BRAZIER, NORMAN COOPER, GERALD BUCKBERG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The interactions of determinants of subendocardial oxygen delivery (flow and oxygen content) and oxygen demand were studied. In open chest dogs, oxygen requirements were increased with aortic stenosis and oxygen delivery reduced with normovolemic anemia. We estimated potential subendocardial flow from a Diastolic Pressure Time Index (DPTI) and oxygen demands from the Tension Time Index (TTI), and detected ischemia with endocardial (Endo) and epicardial (Epi) electrocardiograms (ECG). Subendocardial oxygen delivery per unit of TTI was significantly lowered and Endo ECGs showed ischemia (ST elevation) when Endo/Epi flow ratios (microsphere method) fell below 1.0 ( P &lt; 0.001). Ischemia occurred without anemia (Hgb &gt; 10 g %) in severe aortic stenosis; with mild anemia (Hgb 5-10 g %) and mild aortic stenosis; and with severe anemia (Hgb &lt; 5 g %) without aortic stenosis. Ischemic Endo ECGs occurred with mild supravalvar aortic stenosis and mild anemia despite a 63% (92 to 150 cc/100g/min) average increase in subendocardial flow while Epi ECGs remained normal. Altered flow distributions and abnormal ECGs were always predictable from the ratio: DPTI x O 2 content (Supply)/TTI (Demand). These determinants of Supply and Demand are readily obtained from measurements of hemoglobin, saturation, and blood pressure.
Congestive Heart Failure After Surgical Correction of Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Hartzell V. Schaff, Thomas A. Orszulak, Kent R. Bailey, A. Jamil Tajik, Robert L. Frye
Journal: Circulation (1995)

In patients with mitral regurgitation, surgical intervention produces immediate improvement in symptoms, but the long-term incidence and significance of postoperative congestive heart failure are unknown.The long-term outcome of 576 operative survivors of surgical correction of pure mitral regurgitation performed between 1980 and 1989 was analyzed. Survival was 77 +/- 2% and 56 +/- 3% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Cumulative incidence of congestive heart failure was 23 +/- 2%, 33 +/- 3%, and 37 +/- 3% at 5, 10, and 14 years, respectively. Survival after the first episode of congestive heart failure was dismal, 44 +/- 4% at 5 years. Cause of congestive heart failure was left ventricular dysfunction in two thirds of the patients and valvular dysfunction in the other third. With multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of postoperative heart failure were preoperative ejection fraction (P = .0001), coronary artery disease (P = .0017), and New York Heart Association functional class (P = .012), with borderline value for atrial fibrillation (P = .10). The performance of valve repair was independently predictive of a lower incidence of the combined end point of death and heart failure (P = .001), compared with valve replacement.Congestive heart failure frequently occurs late after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation and portends dismal prognosis. This complication is due most often to left ventricular dysfunction; its main determinant is decreased left ventricular function preoperatively. These data should lead to earlier indication of surgical correction of mitral regurgitation, before left ventricular dysfunction occurs.
Carbenicillin and Penicillin G Inhibit Platelet Function In Vitro by Impairing the Interaction of Agonists with the Platelet Surface
Authors: Sanford J. Shattil, Joel S. Bennett, Margaret McDonough, Judy Turnbull
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Carbenicillin or penicillin G administered in large doses can cause a bleeding diathesis as a result of platelet dysfunction. These antibiotics also inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, although several-fold larger concentrations of drug are required to demonstrate this effect. We wondered whether these antibiotics might impair platelet function by interfering with the initial step of platelet activation: the binding of agonists to their specific receptors on the platelet surface.
Exacerbations of asthma without sputum eosinophilia.
Authors: M O Turner, P Hussack, M R Sears, J Dolovich, F E Hargreave
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Sputum analysis provides a non-invasive method of examining the airway secretions of subjects with asthma in order to better understand the inflammatory process. Increased proportions of eosinophils are generally seen in the sputum of subjects with asthma, especially when there is an exacerbation. An unexpected observation in the sputum of subjects with mild exacerbations of asthma is reported. METHODS--Thirty four consecutive subjects with symptoms consistent with a mild exacerbation of asthma were recruited for a treatment study. Inclusion criteria required persistent symptoms of chest tightness, dyspnoea, or wheezing for two weeks (without spontaneous improvement or alteration in dose of inhaled corticosteroid) and a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) that was reversible to more than 75% predicted or known best to ensure the exacerbation was mild. Sputum (spontaneous or induced with hypertonic saline) from all subjects was examined for differential cell counts. Eosinophilic sputum was defined as &gt; or = 4% eosinophils on two occasions or &gt; 10% eosinophils once. Clinical characteristics, sputum differential counts, and measurements of airways obstruction were compared between the subjects with and without sputum eosinophilia. RESULTS--Almost half of the subjects (16 of 34) considered to have mildly uncontrolled asthma had no sputum eosinophilia. In comparison with the subjects who had sputum eosinophilia the non-eosinophilic group had less airways obstruction (FEV1% predicted 88% v 70%) and less severe airways hyperresponsiveness (PC20 methacholine 0.45 mg/ml v 0.13 mg/ml). There was no difference between the groups in the type or prevalence of symptoms, history of recent infections, smoking, relevant allergen exposure, or use of inhaled corticosteroid. CONCLUSIONS--Symptoms of mildly uncontrolled asthma are not always associated with eosinophilic airways inflammation as measured by sputum analysis. The causes and treatment of the non-eosinophilic condition require further investigation.
OC-074 Nutritional Optimisation And Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation In Chronic Pancreatitis: Are We Giving Our Patient’s Enough Advice?
Authors: B Paranandi, PS Patel, D Joshi, GH El-Sayed, K Koshy, A Ghai, MH Chapman, SP Pereira, GJ Webster, GJ Johnson
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Aim</h3> To examine antenatal and intra-partum management of twin pregnancies, review the available guidelines and compare the current practice in our unit with recommendations. <h3>Methods</h3> 3 year retrospective audit from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2010. The data was collected by proforma and anonymised for patient confidentiality. <h3>Results</h3> There were 174 twin pregnancies, out of which 39 (22%) were monochorionic and 135 (78%) dichorionic (figure 1). There was one monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy. Chorionicity was recorded in all but one case1 and usually confirmed between 11 and 14 weeks. 27% of monochorionic and 6.7% of dichorionic twins had fewer scans than recommended. There was inadequate documentation of consultation regarding mode of delivery.2 12.1% of second twins were delivered by emergency caesarean after vaginal delivery of twin 1, and the caesarean rate for vertex/vertex presentation was 44.1% and 52.3% for vertex/non-vertex. Of these 65 caesareans, 10 were done for maternal request (15.4%). 39 first twins (22.4%) and 52 second twins (29.9%) were admitted to NICU. The mortality was 1.4% for dichorionic and 15.3% for monochorionic. <h3>Conclusion/recommendations</h3> This audit highlighted the need for better counselling regarding mode of delivery, especially when twin 1 is vertex, as 15.4% of these women had elective caesarean for maternal request. 12.1% of second twins were delivered by caesarean. The audit also brought to light the need for local guidelines, patient information leaflets and a dedicated team for the management of twins. All these issues have been addressed since the audit. We aim to re-audit in a year to assess change in practice.
Proton Pump Inhibitors Partially Restore Mucosal Integrity in Patients With Proton Pump Inhibitor–Responsive Esophageal Eosinophilia but Not Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Bram D. van Rhijn, Pim W. Weijenborg, Joanne Verheij, Marius A. van den Bergh Weerman, Caroline Verseijden, René M.J.G.J. van den Wijngaard, Wouter J. de Jonge, Andreas J.P.M. Smout, Albert J. Bredenoord
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Adaptive Evolution in LINE-1 Retrotransposons
Authors: Stéphane Boissinot, Anthony V. Furano
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

We traced the sequence evolution of the active lineage of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons over the last ∼25 Myr of human evolution. Five major families (L1PA5, L1PA4, L1PA3B, L1PA2, and L1PA1) of elements have succeeded each other as a single lineage. We found that part of the first open-reading frame (ORFI) had a higher rate of nonsynonymous (amino acid replacement) substitution than synonymous substitution during the evolution of the ancestral L1PA5 through the L1PA3B families. This segment encodes the coiled coil region of the protein-protein interaction domain of the ORFI protein (ORFIp). Statistical analysis of these changes indicates that positive selection had been acting on this region. In contrast, the coiled coil segment hardly changed during the evolution of the L1PA3B to the present L1PA1 family. Therefore, selective pressure on the coiled coil segment has changed over time. We suggest that the fast rate of amino acid replacement in the coiled coil segment reflects the adaptation of L1 either to a changing genomic environment or to host repression factors. In contrast, the second open-reading frame and the nucleic acid–binding domain of the first open-reading frame are extremely well conserved, attesting to the strong purifying selection acting on these regions.
Accuracy of standard dermoscopy for diagnosing scabies
Authors: Alain Dupuy, Laure Dehen, Emmanuelle Bourrat, Claire Lacroix, Mazouz Benderdouche, Louis Dubertret, Patrice Morel, Martine Feuilhade de Chauvin, Antoine Petit
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Endoscopic Treatment of Benign Anastomotic Esophageal Stenosis with Electrocautery
Authors: G. Brandimarte, A. Tursi
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Stricture of the esophagus following surgical resection is uncommon. Several methods have been described for treatment of this entity, but the therapeutic success may be impaired either by poor long-term results or by poor acceptance by patients. Even the high cost of the therapeutic management may represent a problem. We describe the use of electrocautery to treat benign anastomotic esophageal stenosis. Patients and Methods: Six unselected consecutive patients (four men, two women; mean age 68.3, range 54 - 82) with stenosis following esophagojejunostomy were enrolled in this trial. Postoperative stenoses were shown endoscopically (four patients) or radiographically (two patients). We performed endoscopic dilation of the strictures using electrocautery. Results: In all patients we obtained dilation of the strictures, without any immediate or delayed procedure-related complication. No recurrence of the stenosis was demonstrated during a mean 24-month follow-up (range 8 - 33 months). Conclusions: This study showed that endoscopic electrocautery is a safe and effective treatment for benign anastomotic esophageal stenosis.