tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stay of Execution: A Sort of Memoir
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

How much should you tell a patient about his presumably fatal illness? This book may or may not help you make up your mind, but it will surely stimulate your thinking. Stewart Alsop, a prominent political journalist, consulted his physician in July 1971 and was told the next day that he probably had acute myeloblastic leukemia and should enter the National Institutes of Health. There, his doctor said, "they know more about leukemia than anywhere else in the world." He did go to the National Institutes of Health promptly and remained under the care of one of their physicians for the next two years. Further tests cast some doubt on the diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia, so he was not given the usual chemotherapy. Instead, he had repeated blood cell counts, marrow studies, biopsies, and occasional symptomatic treatment. It seemed impossible for the National Institutes of Health staff and numerous
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 2001-2002
Authors: Barbara Barzansky
Journal: JAMA (2002)

We used data mainly from the 2001-2002 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire, which had a 100% response rate, to describe the status of US medical education programs. In 2001-2002, the number of full-time medical school faculty members was 104 949, a 2.4% increase from 1999-2000. The 34,859 applicants for the class entering in 2001 represented a 9.5% decrease from the number of applicants in 1999-2000. There were 2 applicants for every acceptance, and the academic qualifications of medical students entering in 2001 were unchanged from 1999. Women comprised 47.8% of entering students in 2001, and 13.1% were members of underrepresented minority groups. Of all first-year students, 67% were in-state residents. Most medical schools had mandatory required night call during at least some required clinical clerkships, but only 17 had formal policies on medical student work hours. In 74 schools (60%), medical students were required to pass Steps 1 and 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination to advance or graduate.
Adiponectin Enhances Insulin Sensitivity by Increasing Hepatic IRS-2 Expression via a Macrophage-Derived IL-6-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Motoharu Awazawa, Kohjiro Ueki, Kazunori Inabe, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Naoto Kubota, Kazuma Kaneko, Masatoshi Kobayashi, Aya Iwane, Takayoshi Sasako, Yukiko Okazaki, Mitsuru Ohsugi, Iseki Takamoto, Satoshi Yamashita, Hiroshi Asahara, Shizuo Akira, Masato Kasuga, Takashi Kadowaki
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
AN INSTRUMENT TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE IN EXPANSION OF THE TWO SIDES OF THE UPPER CHEST IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: I. R. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1924)

This instrument, which I have called "thora-meter," is built after the plan of the original caliper, with special features attached to the free ends. The arms of the caliper are curved slightly, with ends curved to point at right angles with the length of the arm. One arm is longer than the other, and has attached a pad of the ball and socket type, permitting free movement and conformity to the surface of the body. The other and shorter arm of the caliper has attached a measuring device, composed of a barrel with a movable rod passing through, controlled by a coil spring. This plunger rod passing through the barrel is calibrated for measuring expansion, and is held snugly against the surface by the coil spring, which permits free movement of the plunger during respiration. The caliper joint is made of wide wings with a thumb nut to hold the
Abstract 2556: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and gemcitabine as potential combinatorial therapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Beverly Lyn-Cook, Sulma Mohammed, Beverly Word, George Hammons
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, mainly due to lack of effective therapies. The use of non-toxic dietary agents in combination with standard treatment is showing promise in several highly deadly cancers. This study demonstrated the ability of dietary agent, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), to lower the LD50 of gemcitabine (Gemzar) and significantly decrease the growth of both male (MiaPaca2) and female (SU86.86) pancreatic cancer cells. In the male cell line (MiaPaca2) I3C enhanced the anti-proliferative effect at lower doses, decreasing gemcitabine IC50 from 30nM alone to 3nM in combination, a ten-fold decrease in the amount of gemcitabine needed to kill a significant number of cancer cells. Sex difference in response to gemcitabine was also demonstrated. Pancreatic cancer cells from the female cell line (SU86.86) were highly resistant to gemcitabine alone and growth was not affected even at doses as high as 500 μM compared to another powerful anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (IC50=2.47 µM). However, I3C in combination with gemcitabine exerted powerful anti-cancer effects. The IC50 with 200 µM I3C was 0.388 µM and 1.13 µM with 100 µM I3C, which were lower than that of doxorubicin. Gemcitabine is the current FDA approved single agent for first-line treatment for patients with stage II, III and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. This study demonstrated the potential of I3C, a possible non-toxic hypomethylating agent, combined with the anti-cancer agent, gemcitabine, to be a powerful strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2556. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2556
NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: DAVID AYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Essential hypertension is usually defined as a disease characterized chiefly by a persistent elevation of the blood pressure without known organic cause. This elevation of blood pressure may occur in young persons.<sup>1</sup>The disease may exist without symptoms for many years, and frequently is not discovered until a cerebral hemorrhage or cardiac insufficiency develops. It is now widely recognized that a disease with such an insidious course can be diagnosed only by routine determinations of the blood pressure at all ages. It is not generally realized, however, that essential hypertension may exist when a normal blood pressure has been observed at one visit. The present paper, therefore, will be devoted to a discussion of the cause, frequency and practical significance of normal blood pressure readings in essential hypertension. <h3>CRITERION OF NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE</h3> A clear understanding of any blood pressure study necessitates a knowledge of two fundamentals. The first
Mutations in the gene encoding the 3′-5′ DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Min Ae Lee-Kirsch, Maolian Gong, Dipanjan Chowdhury, Lydia Senenko, Kerstin Engel, Young-Ae Lee, Udesh de Silva, Suzanna L Bailey, Torsten Witte, Timothy J Vyse, Juha Kere, Christiane Pfeiffer, Scott Harvey, Andrew Wong, Sari Koskenmies, Oliver Hummel, Klaus Rohde, Reinhold E Schmidt, Anna F Dominiczak, Manfred Gahr, Thomas Hollis, Fred W Perrino, Judy Lieberman, Norbert Hübner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Imaging of Osteoporosis Circumscripta: Two Cases
Authors: RICHARD R. BLACK, MARIANO FERNANDEZ-ULLOA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Osteoporosis circumscripta is seen in Paget's disease and is manifest in the calvarium. This scintigraphic presentation may remain stable indefinitely. When seen associated with other areas of increased uptake, in the appropriate clinical setting, it may help to confirm the diagnosis of Paget's disease. The osteolytic component inherent to Paget's disease is seen in conjuction with an advancing edge of osteoblastic activity in the skull that is well demonstrated in this report.
Colotomy for Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: C. Steele
Journal: BMJ (1872)

MEDICAL _OUR'AAL.263 loss of half a pound in ten days.-March8th.The veratrum had been taken regularly, and the dose increased to twelve minims three times a day.The pulse was rather less frequent, having only once reached ioo.Respirations 20.In the fortnight, the temperature had risen twelve times above IOI deg.Fahr., and once to 102.2 deg.Fahr., having never fallen below 99.2; morning average, 100.5 deg.Fahr.; evening average, Ioo. 8 deg.Fahr.He weighed 9 st., shzowuing a gain of I-lbs.The cough was less.Crepitation was diminished.The veratrum, not having reduced the temperature, was omitted ; and cod- liver oil, in two-drachm doses, was prescribed, with dilute nitric acid and cascarilla, twice a day.-March22nd.The temperature had some what fallen, only once reaching IOI deg.Fahr.; and once falling to 98.6 deg.Fahr; morning average, 99 deg.Fahr.; evening, 99.8 deg.Fahr.The oil was taken regularly.The weight was 9 stone, there being no gain or loss.-In the next few days, his temperature fell to normal; and at the end of the fortnight he had gained Islbs.-April 25th.He had had slight diarrhcea, but had, on the whole, improved.Ilis cough was still troublesome; appetite good; temperature normal.He weighed gst.I o lbs., showing an increase of 2 i lbs.since admission.The physical Signls were improved.Dulness and bronchophony were detected under the right clavicle, but no crepitation.There were slight dulness under the left clavicle, and a little crepitation in the scapular region.In this case, the temperature for a whole month was, on an average, above ioo deg.Fahr.; and yet the patient gained a pound .and a half.
Traumatic Tetraplegia and Paraplegia
Authors: L. Guttmann
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Burn injuries were the 13th cause of burden of disease in all age groups and the 7th cause in 5–14 years children in Iran in 2003. The objective of this study was to describe demographic and injury characteristics of burn injuries in a referral burn centre. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was carried out on 870 children less than 15 years who referred to Shahid Motahari burn hospital in Tehran from March 2007 to March 2009. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age of the subjects was 4.2 years and 63.3% were male. Highest proportion of subjects (32.2%) occurred in summer followed by winter and fall. The most frequent places were kitchen (57.7%), living room (17.4%) and yard (10.2%). Scalds (68.2%) constituted most of the cases, followed by flame-related burns (24.6%), electrical burns (4.8%), contact burns and chemical burns. Inhalation injury was observed in 6.9% of the subjects. Mean body surface area (BSA) was 21.6% (SD: 16.5%). About 80% of patients had third-degree burns. The incidence of death was 10.6% in all cases. Considering BSA, the risk of death was 0.0% (BSA&lt;10%), 0.4% (BSA:10–19%), 3.1% (BSA:20–29%), 17.8% (BSA:30–39%), 38.8% (BSA: 40–49%) and 97.7% (BSA:50% or more). <h3>Discussion</h3> Promoting safety measures in home kitchens and cooking facilities is a priority for burn prevention. Intervention to improve burn care and treatment outcomes is urgently needed.
Nuclear targeting of β-catenin and p120ctn during thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction
Authors: Cora M.L. Beckers, Juan J. García-Vallejo, Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh, Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Cytosolic and nuclear localization of beta-catenin was observed in leaky vessels and in tumours. Several lines of evidence indicate that nuclear beta-catenin facilitates angiogenesis. We hypothesized that nuclear beta-catenin liberated from endothelial junctional complexes marks the transition from hyperpermeability to angiogenesis. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the fate of beta-catenin and the related catenin p120catenin (p120ctn), during disruption of the endothelial barrier function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs).The hyperpermeability-inducer thrombin caused a Rho kinase-dependent redistribution of beta-catenin from the membrane to the cytosol as evidenced by the western blot analysis of membrane and cytosol fractions and by immunohistochemistry. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, which phosphorylates cytosolic beta-catenin and thereby facilitates its proteasomal degradation, was inhibited by thrombin. The analysis of nuclear extracts demonstrated a thrombin-induced nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin as well as p120ctn. Thrombin stimulation activated beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity as evidenced by reporter assays. Finally, real-time-PCR revealed increased mRNA levels of several beta-catenin target genes.Thrombin induced a cytosolic stabilization of membrane-liberated beta-catenin, which, together with p120ctn, subsequently translocated to the nucleus where it induces several beta-catenin target genes. This supports the suggestion that membrane-liberated beta-catenin and p120ctn contribute to angiogenic responses of ECs following episodes of vascular leakage.
Michelle Deborah Zalkin
Authors: S. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Michelle Deborah Zalkin was educated at Haberdashers Aske’s School for Girls, and St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry. She chose a career in paediatrics, undertaking posts in general paediatrics and neonatology, paediatric oncology, endocrinology, and adolescent medicine. It was in community paediatrics, however, where Michelle excelled, developing particular expertise in child maltreatment and complex safeguarding.

Michelle developed a reputation as the leading trainee in child protection in London, establishing herself as both a clinical expert and a respected researcher, achieving recognition from the British Association of the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. …
The Malthusian–Darwinian dynamic and the trajectory of civilization
Authors: Jeffrey C. Nekola, Craig D. Allen, James H. Brown, Joseph R. Burger, Ana D. Davidson, Trevor S. Fristoe, Marcus J. Hamilton, Sean T. Hammond, Astrid Kodric-Brown, Norman Mercado-Silva, Jordan G. Okie
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2013)
Remarks on the Treatment of Wounds
Authors: G. W. Callender
Journal: BMJ (1878)

IN a recent number of the A'in lenths Ccnturly, Professor Tyndall has staled that the system of wound-treatment which I employ aind that of Mr. Lister are practically the same.From time to time, I have stated the results obtained with the cases under my own observation ; and as these results continue their satis-
Claude Bernard on the action of curare
Authors: J. Black
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Pregnenolone (P5) is a neurosteroid produced in the brain. It improves cognitive function and protects against cannabis intoxication as well as spinal cord injury. P5 activates CLIP1, which helps microtubule polymerization at its growing end; however, the significance of P5 activation of CLIP1 in the brain is still unknown. Here we examined the roles of P5 in cultured neurons and in zebrafish cerebellum. We show that P5 promotes neurite outgrowth and facilitates axon development of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. P5 also changes the morphology of axon growth cone and promotes dynamic microtubule invasion into the distal part of filopodia at the growth cone. We have used CRISPR to disrupt <i>clip1a</i> in zebrafish, disrupting the ability of P5 to change microtubule dynamics and growth cone morphology, as well as to reorganize cytoskeleton. <i>In vivo</i>, P5 accelerated cerebellum development in WT but not <i>clip1a</i> mutant zebrafish, and expression of exogenous CLIP1 in <i>clip1a</i> mutant promoted cerebellum development in response to P5. Thus, we have delineated the pathway by which P5 promotes cerebellum development by activating CLIP1 to promote microtubule dynamics leading to increased microtubule penetration into the growth cone and accelerated neurite outgrowth. This study reveals the mechanism by which P5 and CLIP1 function to promote neural development. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> 1.<h3>We have elucidated the mechanism of pregnenolone (P5) action</h3> P5 enhances brain functions, but its mode of action was unclear. Here we show that P5 activates CLIP1 to promote microtubule dynamics at the growth cone and to accelerate neural development. 2.<h3>We have generated a zebrafish model of CLIP1 deficiency</h3> CLIP1 deficiency causes intellectual disability and defective neural development. Our zebrafish model can be used to study mechanisms related to this disease and other microtubule defects. 3.<h3>We point to therapeutic intervention of neurological diseases using P5</h3> P5 is beneficial to the brain. We elucidate the mechanism of P5 action, thus accelerate the development of therapeutics using P5 and its derivatives.
Are the Jumping Frenchmen of Maine Goosey?
Authors: Joseph E. Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1980)

I was raised in a small southern rural community. I was 17 years old when my girlfriend confided to me that her mother was goosey. I was astonished that this reserved, kind, intelligent woman responded when startled or tickled by jumping in the air and shouting curse words that I had not thought possible for her to utter. To my further amazement, she responded to sudden loud commands by repeating the command while performing the order. If, for instance, she was suddenly told: "Stir your tea with your finger!" she would shout: "Stir your tea with your finger!" while stirring her tea with her finger. She appeared to be normal in every other way, but she could not prevent these remarkable responses when poked or startled. Her daughter was not goosey. My father told me of two goosey boys in the small town in North Carolina where he grew up.
Abstract 5086: The side effects of sorafenib in treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Hui-Chuan Sun, Wei Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhu, Lu Lu, Qiang-Bo Zhang, Zhao-You Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR and B-Raf, is a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there are several clinical observations showing discontinuous sorafenib treatment associated with more metastasis or rapid relapse. We tested effect of sorafenib on tumor growth and metastasis in different dosing and schedules in liver cancer allograft or xenograft models. The results showed a lower dose sorafenib treatment will induce more intrahepatic or lung metastasis while the primary tumor growth is still inhibited in HCC with a higher expression of HTATIP2 but not in HCC with a lower expression of HTATIP2. Further studies showed sorafenib decreased HTATIP2 expression only in HCC with a higher expression of HTATIP2. The clinical data also supported the patients with lower HTATIP2 expression in tumor benefit from sorafenib treatment while patients with a higher HTATIP2 expression in tumor did not. We also observed the effect of sorafenib on host (mouse) immunity after we found pre-treatment by sorafenib before implantation of tumor resulted in more lung metastasis. We found interleukin 12 (IL12) was significantly inhibited by sorafenib, which is responsible for more lung metastasis. In conclusion, our study showed the side effect of sorafenib may promote tumor progression if sorafenib treatment is stopped or not given in a full dose. These findings may help to improve the efficacy of sorafenib by overcoming its side effects. Citation Format: Hui-Chuan Sun, Wei Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhu, Lu Lu, Qiang-Bo Zhang, Zhao-You Tang. The side effects of sorafenib in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5086. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5086 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity in a patient with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Hitoshi Kanno, Hisaichi Fujii, Kenzaburo Tani, Takayuki Morisaki, Keisuke Takahashi, Naomi Horiuchi, Masahiro Kizaki, Tetsuhei Ogawa, Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract We report a case of primary acquired sideroblastic anemia (PASA) associated with elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity. The patient was an 85‐year‐old Japanese male. Analysis of the peripheral blood revealed pancytopenia, and the bone marrow findings showed marked ringed sideroblasts and chromosomal deletion (46XY, 11q‐). The erythrocyte ADA activity was 17 times higher than that of normal control, the leukocyte ADA activity was within the normal range, and the plasma ADA activity was 2 times higher than the normal mean. The adenine nucleotides in the patient's erythrocytes were within normal range. According to starch gel electrophoresis, ADA isozyme of the patient was ADA 1. Western blotting showed an increased amount of ADA protein in the patient's erythrocytes. Southern blotting revealed no gene amplification or large structural change. Dot blot analysis of the reticulocyte mRNA showed no increase in the amount of ADA mRNA in the patient's reticulocytes compared with those of reticulocyte‐rich controls. We considered that the mechanism of elevated ADA activity in this acquired defect was similar to that found in hereditary hemolytic anemia associated with ADA overproduction.
Childhood Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Peter M. Elias, Michael Jarratt, Inara E. Zalitis, Frank A. Catalanotto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

CHILDHOOD pemphigus vulgaris, although rare, can be as virulent as its adult counterpart.1 The case described below revealed several previously unemphasized features, including the importance of early mucous-membrane biopsy and the efficacy of alternate-day steroids.Case ReportA 13-year-old Negro girl was well until 14 weeks before admission when she noted "sores" on her gums that gradually spread to involve the entire oral cavity and lips until progressive dysphagia and hoarseness necessitated hospitalization. Past medical history, developmental history, and review of systems were unremarkable.Examination revealed widespread superficial erosions, with a positive Nikolsky sign, on the gums, tongue, oropharyngeal surfaces, . . .
Renal tubular dysfunction in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Rodrigo A. de Oliveira, Lúcyo F.B. Diniz, Leonardo O. Teotônio, Cláudio G. Lima, Rosa M.S. Mota, Alice Martins, Talita R. Sanches, Antônio C. Seguro, Lúcia Andrade, Geraldo B. Silva, Alexandre B. Libório, Elizabeth F. Daher
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Uses of Marijuana
Authors: Alister Brass
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Anyone who tries to give an authoritative overview of marihuana at this time is attempting the impossible. Convincing research results are few, despite insistent preaching from some quarters, and most of the crucial answers are not yet in. Aware of this, Dr. Snyder, a professor of both psychiatry and pharmacology at Johns Hopkins, restricts his scope to known facts (every statement is supported by a reference), and is refreshingly light on speculation. He describes patterns of marihuana use through the centuries, surveys its observed behavioral effects, discusses coolly those dangers that we know of and those that we may reasonably expect, reports on current research progress, and concludes with a few thoughtful remarks on the present legal turmoil surrounding the weed. The book is short, pleasantly written, and illustrated with a selection of photographs of the contemporary marihuana scene—including cultivation in city square gardens! Snyder has unearthed some unexpected information.
Inducible polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in a subgroup of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at high risk for sudden death
Authors: Rita M. Watson, Janine Liberati Schwartz, Barry J. Maron, Eben Tucker, Douglas R. Rosing, Mark E. Josephson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)