tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Echocardiography in Clinical Practice
Authors: B Chandrasekaran
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Echocardiography, now becoming readily available to general physicians, greatly helps in the management of patients. For the non-expert, however, the measurements and echo-derived assessments of function can be confusing to say the least. What do these results mean in clinical terms? Echocardiography in Clinical Practice offers an excellent read for anyone who wants to understand the basics of echocardiography—with clear illustrated examples. Dr Chambers details normal values for cardiac measurements, including the physiological principles used to derive them, and explains the limitations of the techniques. He outlines the methods for left ventricular function and for grading valvular lesions, and reflects on the possible roles of stress echocardiography and tissue doppler in the future. I found the book very easy to read and wish it had been around when I started to learn the techniques. My few criticisms stem from its brevity: sometimes controversial topics are glossed over. However, the brevity is also a strength, and the content provides a good foundation for detailed study. Generalists who seek a working knowledge of echocardiography will appreciate the focus on clinical problem-solving. I recommend this book, with its uncomplicated style, to any healthcare professional or student who wishes to get a grip on these ubiquitous investigations.
Housing and health: sanitation.
Authors: S Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Sanitation has had, and continues to have, more impact on health than any advance in medical science.In developing countries over eight million children die from diarrhoeal illnesses each year because of poor sanitation, and in nineteenth century Britain epidemics of cholera and typhoid were common until the intro- duction of clean drinking water and safe sewage disposal.Now-we take good sanitation for granted.Yet recent incidents, such as the contamination of water with aluminium in Camelford in 1988 and revelations that British water does not meet European Community standards, have posed questions about the safety of our domestic water supply and our handling of waste.People in Britain use, on average, 130 litres of water a day each.How are standards maintained, and where can the systems break down?
Primacy of organising effects of testosterone
Authors: Anne Campbell, Steven Muncer, Josie Odber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

A test of a biosocial model is reported in which we found no impact of circulating testosterone on either status-seeking or aggression. The fact that sex differences in competitiveness and aggression appear in childhood strongly suggests that the major impact of testosterone is organisational. Whereas dominance and resources are linked among males, female aggression may be a function of pure resource competition, with no element of status-seeking.
Gerald John Allum
Authors: Patrick Adcock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Leytonstone, London, 1960-90 (b 1926; q Charing Cross Hospital, London, 1951), died from heart failure on 12 March 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Gerry did house jobs at Charing Cross, including one year as a casualty officer, and then did national service in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He served on the committee of his local BMA division, including a period as chairman. He was medical officer (occupational health) at Whipps Cross Hospital and to the London Rubber Company. Retiring to Dorset Gerry enjoyed gardening, golf, tennis, and amateur dramatics, as well as singing in his Catholic church choir. He became chairman of the parish council. He leaves a wife, Ann; four children; and 11 grandchildren.
S5 The prevalence of asthma among cleaners in the UK
Authors: S. H. Alfajjam, C. Stenton, T. Pless-Molluli, D. Howel
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> A number of epidemiological studies have shown a significant association between asthma and working as cleaner but reporting schemes and workforce surveys have identified typical features of occupational asthma in only a small minority. This discrepancy is either due to under-reporting; misattribution of work-exacerbated asthma, or development of occupational asthma with atypical symptoms that make it difficult to diagnose clinically. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the prevalence of asthma in a cohort of hospital and university cleaners in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> A respiratory symptom questionnaire was distributed to cleaners via their supervisors in 3 local hospital trusts and 2 universities. <h3>Results</h3> 570 of an estimated 1400 cleaners (41%) returned the questionnaire but it is uncertain how many received it and so the true response rate is uncertain. Respiratory symptoms were common. 48% (272/570) of the cleaners reported at least one: 34% reported wheezing, 35% reported cough, 10% reported breathlessness and 11 % reported chest tightness. Night-time or early morning symptoms suggestive of asthma were reported by 35 % of the cleaners. 12% reported symptoms only following exposure to chemicals used at work. 14% of the cleaners reported physician-diagnosed asthma. In 30% asthma developed after they started work as a cleaner with a mean interval of 8 years. An additional 3% had taken asthma medication in the last 12 months without a clinical diagnosis of asthma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has identified a high prevalence of asthma among cleaners in the UK and a substantial proportion that developed it after first exposure to cleaning agents. Symptoms on exposure to cleaning agents were also common. Further investigation of the risk factors for asthma and the work-relatedness of the symptoms of asthmatic cleaners are planned.
Multiple local maxima for likelihoods of phylogenetic trees: a simulation study
Authors: J. S. Rogers, D. L. Swofford
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Steel demonstrated that the maximum-likelihood function for a phylogenetic tree may have multiple local maxima. If this phenomenon were general, it would compromise the applicability of maximum likelihood as an optimality criterion for phylogenetic trees. In several simulation studies reported on in this paper, the true tree, and other trees of very high likelihood, rarely had multiple maxima. Our results thus provide reassurance that the value of maximum likelihood as a tree selection criterion is not compromised by the presence of multiple local maxima--the best estimates of the true tree are not likely to have them. This result holds true even when an incorrect nucleotide substitution model is used for tree selection.
Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing and Sleep Apnea in Middle-aged Urban Indian Men
Authors: Zarir F. Udwadia, Amita V. Doshi, Sharmila G. Lonkar, Chandrajeet I. Singh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

No data are available on the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in Indians. We conducted a two-phase cross-sectional prevalence study for the same in healthy urban Indian males (35-65 years) coming to our hospital in Bombay for a routine health check. We also investigated its risk factors and evaluated the significance of the most commonly asked questions that best correlated with the presence of OSAHS. In the first phase, 658 subjects (94%) returned completed questionnaires regarding their sleep habits and associated medical conditions. In the second phase, 250 of these underwent an overnight home sleep study. The estimated prevalence of SDB (apnea-hypopnea index of 5 or more) was 19.5%, and that of OSAHS (SDB with daytime hypersomnolence) was 7.5%. Multiple stepwise logistic regression determined body mass index, neck girth, and history of diabetes mellitus as the principal covariates of SDB. The presence of snoring, nocturnal choking, unrefreshing sleep, recurrent awakening from sleep, daytime hypersomnolence, and daytime fatigue was each statistically significant for identifying patients with OSAHS. The higher prevalence of OSAHS in urban Indian men is striking and may have major public health implications in a developing country.
Pediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management
Authors: Ryan P. Dorin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2986: Partial inhibition of Plk1 is cytotoxic despite normal spindle structure
Authors: Robert F. Lera, Mark E. Burkard
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a multifunctional mitotic kinase that has emerged as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. Frequently over-expressed in tumors, Plk1 is absent in the surrounding non-proliferating tissue. Furthermore, Plk1 depletion in tumor cell lines produces monopolar spindles and mitotic arrest that ultimately leads to cell death. However, it is unclear whether monopolar spindles mediate cytotoxicity at physiologic drug concentrations. We used a chemical genetic system to test the effect of partial inhibition of Plk1 in human cells. We discovered that partial inhibition of Plk1 produces a cytotoxic response in the absence of a prolonged mitotic delay. We hypothesized that partial inhibition disrupts mitosis via alternate mechanisms from the archetypal monopolar spindle-induced prometaphase arrest. We performed time-lapse microscopy experiments after exposure to low (0-1 μM) and high (10 μM) concentrations of the ATP analog, 3-MBPP1. As expected, 90% (53/60) of untreated cells successfully completed mitosis, whereas all cells (28/28) treated with 10 μM exhibited a monopolar-spindle induced prometaphase arrest. Surprisingly, 29-40% of cells treated with 3-MBPP1 exhibited a transient prometaphase delay, followed by impaired anaphase segregation and frequent cytokinesis failure. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrates aberrations in chromosome and microtubule dynamics, which we are further characterizing. Partial inhibition of Plk1 leads to cytotoxicity by a spindle-independent mechanism. These results are important for developing Plk1-targeted therapies. First, they demonstrate that continuous dosing of an oral Plk1 inhibitor is likely to act by a different mechanism from intermittent high doses of an intravenous drug. Second, partial inhibition may provide a more physiologically relevant background to study function of kinase inhibitor activity in the treatment of cancer. Finally, identification of the responsible substrate may reveal the most sensitive biomarker for kinase inhibition in patient samples. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2986. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2986
Interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are not required for induction of chronic myeloid leukemia-like myeloproliferative disease in mice by BCR/ABL
Authors: Shaoguang Li, Silke Gillessen, Michael H. Tomasson, Glenn Dranoff, D. Gary Gilliland, Richard A. Van Etten
Journal: Blood (2001)
MEDICINE AS A BUSINESS PROPOSITION.
Authors: G. FRANK LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

So live that when thy time has come to join the innumerable caravan which moves to that mysterious bourne peopled by doctors who have died of innutrition, thou go not like the general practitioner called at night, scourged from his office, but, sustained and soothed by the motto "Never trust," approach thy grave like one who wraps his stocks and bonds about him and lies down to pleasant dreams.<sup>1</sup> Some months since I had the honor of addressing a medical club of Chicago, composed of prominent general practitioners. I chose for my theme "The Business Aspect of Medicine." The resulting discussion was so animated, and the participants were so interested in the subject, that I promised to amplify and publish my remarks—a promise that for many and sufficient reasons I have hitherto been unable to keep. That there are a number of points in this address on which many
Conditions That Induce Tolerance in Mature CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Astrid Lanoue, Constantin Bona, Harald von Boehmer, Adelaida Sarukhan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Establishment of antigen-specific tolerance among mature T cells has been a long debated, yet poorly understood issue. In this study we have used transgenic mice bearing a class II–restricted TCR specific for the hemmagglutinin of the influenza virus in order to test the behavior of CD4+ T cells upon exposure to antigen in different forms and doses. We first studied the fate of T cells expressing the transgenic TCR (6.5) in double transgenic mice where HA was expressed as a self antigen by hemapoietic cells. In these mice, we found some mature T cells in periphery that had escaped thymic deletion and that showed signs of activation but which were anergic. Mature CD4+6.5+ cells that were transferred into antigen-containing recipients went through an initial phase of expansion after which most cells were deleted and those remaining became unresponsive, as previously described for CD8+ cells. Inducing tolerance in CD4+6.5+ cells in situ in single transgenic mice proved a difficult task: classical protocols using single doses of soluble or deaggregated antigen as well as feeding antigen all failed to induce antigen-specific unresponsiveness. It was only after decreasing cell numbers by CD4 antibody treatment and by repeatedly reintroducing antigen thereafter that unresponsiveness of 6.5+ cells was achieved and maintained. In no case could we observe the appearance of antigen-specific T cells with a Th2 cytokine profile among the remaining cells and therefore conclude that deletion and anergy represent the major mechanisms of tolerance in our studies.
Transplanted Technology: Third World Options and First World Science
Authors: Steffie Woolhandler, David U. Himmelstein, Boris Labar, Slobodan Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The tale of poor countries squandering resources on high-technology medicine is by now too familiar: the hospital in the capital city consuming 90 percent of the health budget while the countryside lacks safe water; the CT scanner perched virtually atop a malarious swamp. The explanations of this recurring problem are also commonplace: doctors like to play with exotic and expensive toys; the self-interested local elite dominates decisions about medical spending; a few spectacular cures are more easily comprehended (and publicized) than a host of public health problems.But such pronouncements treat only half the issue — the consumption of medical . . .
Progress in Patients with Peptic Ulceration Treated for more than Five Years with Poldine, including a Double-blind Study
Authors: J. N. Hunt, R. C. Wales
Journal: BMJ (1966)

The beneficial effect of vagotomy in patients with duodenal ulc?ration is believed to depend on the halving of the gastric secretion of acid which follows the operation, and which persists for at least three years (Bell, 1964). It would be advantageous if a similar reduction in secretion could be produced by blocking the action of the vagus nerves pharmacologically?for example, with an anticholinergic compound?without the occasional ill effects of surgical vagotomy. However, the orthodox view is that  the anticholinergic drugs do not reduce the acidity of the gastric contents in patients taking food, and their only real value is as antispasmodics  {B.M.J., 1963). The heterodox view is that atropine, and poldine methylsulphate (Nacton), as examples of drugs with tertiary and quaternary nitrogen, in doses which produce no side-effects, do inhibit gastric secretion of acid in response to food (Mitchell, Hunt, and Grossman, 1962). An average reduction of the gastric secretion of acid by one half in a group of outpatients with peptic ulc?ration treated with poldine was reported four years ago (Douthwaite, Hills, and Hunt, 1961). Before this treatment they had been losing an average of 28 days' work a year, and had needed treatment in hospital at the beginning of the trial. During treatment they lost an average of only two days' work a year. However, it was not established that the improved clinical course resulted from a reduction in the gastric secretion of acid, since the patients were receiving monthly test meals and extra clinical interest. It was therefore decided to treat them under double-blind condi tions. The present paper contains an account of the results and difficulties met with in so doing.
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Lucia Leccisotti, Isabella Bruno, Antonella Stefanelli, Carmelo Caldarella, Alessandro Giordano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with surgically corrected transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary valve defects, and absence of left coronary ostium at a previous cardiac catheterization. Because of worsening dyspnea, she underwent myocardial perfusion PET/CT study with 13N-ammonia at rest and during pharmacological stress, which showed extensive ischemia in the left coronary territory and signs of severe left ventricle dysfunction. Quantitative PET data showed impaired regional coronary flow reserve (<2.0) in the left coronary territory, thus allowing a precise and reliable evaluation of the myocardial perfusion defect because of the absence of left coronary ostium.
Identification of Distinct Basal and Luminal Subtypes of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer with Different Sensitivities to Frontline Chemotherapy
Authors: Woonyoung Choi, Sima Porten, Seungchan Kim, Daniel Willis, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Beat Roth, Tiewei Cheng, Mai Tran, I-Ling Lee, Jonathan Melquist, Jolanta Bondaruk, Tadeusz Majewski, Shizhen Zhang, Shanna Pretzsch, Keith Baggerly, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Bogdan Czerniak, Colin P.N. Dinney, David J. McConkey
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Cyclic AMP is a hepatorenal link influencing natriuresis and contributing to glucagon-induced hyperfiltration in rats.
Authors: M Ahloulay, M Déchaux, C Hassler, N Bouby, L Bankir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The effects of glucagon (G) on proximal tubule reabsorption (PTR) and GFR seem to depend on a prior action of this hormone on the liver resulting in the liberation of a mediator and/or of a compound derived from amino acid metabolism. This study investigates in anesthetized rats the possible contribution of cAMP and urea, alone and in combination with a low dose of G, on phosphate excretion (known to depend mostly on PTR) and GFR. After a 60-min control period, cAMP (5 nmol/min x 100 grams of body weight [BW]) or urea (2.5 micromol/min x 100 grams BW) was infused intravenously for 200 min with or without G (1.2 ng/min x 100 grams BW, a physiological dose which, alone, does not influence PTR or GFR). cAMP increased markedly the excretion of phosphate and sodium (+303 and +221%, respectively, P < 0.01 for each) but did not alter GFR. Coinfusion of cAMP and G induced the same tubular effects but also induced a 20% rise in GFR (P < 0.05). Infusion of urea, with or without G, did not induce significant effects on PTR or GFR. After G infusion at increasing doses, the increase in fractional excretion of phosphate was correlated with a simultaneous rise in plasma cAMP concentration and reached a maximum for doubling of plasma cAMP. These results suggest that cAMP, normally released by the liver into the blood under the action of G, (a) is probably an essential hepatorenal link regulating the intensity of PTR, and (b) contributes, in conjunction with specific effects of G on the nephron, to the regulation of GFR.
Grand Rounds at the Clinical Center
Authors: Saul Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The readers of<i>JAMA</i>need no reminder that ours is an era of medical specialization. All of us are aware of the good news that such specialization has brought. None of us, least of all physicians at a research hospital, want to turn the clock back to an era when progress in medical knowledge was slowed for want of a critical mass of dedicated specialized investigators. But there is a downside to specialization, and institutions need all their professionals to meet regularly and affirm the ties that bind them. Traditionally, Grand Rounds was the meeting place of choice, but devotion of an entire hour to the arcana of progress in a subspecialty is often unappealing to professionals outside that narrow discipline. See also p 260. That was the history of Grand Rounds at the Clinical Center. In the three decades since my arrival in Bethesda, Md, I have seen Clinical
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for esophageal varices in hepatitis C virus cirrhosis
Authors: Calogero Cammà, Salvatore Petta, Vito Di Marco, Fabrizio Bronte, Stefania Ciminnisi, Giusalba Licata, Sergio Peralta, Fabio Simone, Giulio Marchesini, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Indirect methods to predict the presence of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with cirrhosis are not sensitive enough to be used as a surrogate for endoscopy. We tested the effectiveness of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography and the presence of insulin resistance (IR), a marker associated with fibrosis progression, in the noninvasive prediction of portal hypertension. One hundred four consecutive patients with newly diagnosed Child A hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to search for EV. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and metabolic features, including IR by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and LSM by transient elastography, were recorded at the time of endoscopy. EVs were detected in 63 of 104 patients (60%). In 10 patients (16%), the EVs were medium-large (>or=F2). By multivariate analysis, the presence of EVs was independently associated with a low platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999) and a high HOMA-IR score (OR, 1.296; 95%CI, 1.018-1.649), not with LSM (OR, 1.009; 95%CI, 0.951-1.070). It is noteworthy that nine of ten patients with medium-large EVs had a platelet/spleen ratio of less than 792 or an HOMA-IR of greater than 3.5. The independent association between low platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (OR, 0.998; 95%CI, 0.996-1.000), high HOMA-IR score (OR, 1.373; 95%CI, 1.014-1.859) and presence of EV was confirmed in the subgroup of 77 nondiabetic subjects.In patients with Child A HCV cirrhosis, two simple, easy-to-get tests, namely the platelet/spleen ratio and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR, regardless of the presence of diabetes, significantly predict the presence of EV, outweighing the contribution given by transient elastography.