tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Middle Ground on Public Accountability
Authors: Thomas H. Lee, Gregg S. Meyer, Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This Sounding Board article describes the debate over public "report cards" on doctors and hospitals. Providers argue that ratings according to quality are often based on inaccurate and misleading data. Payers argue that any information, even if imperfect, about the performance of physicians and hospitals is helpful to patients. The authors believe that providers and payers should work together to develop better systems for measuring and reporting the quality of care.
THE COMPOSITION OF SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES IN THE REGION OF ANTIGEN EXCESS
Authors: Saul Malkiel, William C. Boyd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Data are given, for seven different antisera, for the composition of the specific precipitate as a function of the relative proportions of antiserum and antigen used. In the region of antigen excess, a linear relation is found between the ratio of antibody to antigen in the precipitate and the amount of antiserum used. The significance of these results, particularly in their bearing on theories of the precipitin reaction, is discussed.
Vaginal Prostaglandin E2 and Fatal Amniotic Fluid Embolus
Authors: Amir Less
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare but deadly pathological entity that accounts for roughly 10% of all maternal deaths.<sup>1,2</sup>We describe a fatal outcome following induction of labor with prostaglandin. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 37-year-old white woman, gravida 4, para 2, aborta 1, was admitted to our labor ward at 42 weeks' gestation for induction of labor. Her current pregnancy was uncomplicated. Results of a genetic amniocentesis at 16 weeks were normal. At 42 weeks, the patient was admitted for an oxytocin challenge test. All vital signs were normal and the cervix was posterior and uneffaced. The results of her oxytocin challenge test were negative and she was discharged after her contractions stopped. The following day, she returned complaining of reduction in fetal movements. The nonstress test was reactive and results of physical examination were unchanged. In an attempt to "ripen" the cervix, 3 mg
HLA Type and Occurrence of Disease in Familial Polyglandular Failure
Authors: George Eisenbarth, Peter Wilson, Frances Ward, Harold E. Lebovitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE association of atrophy of one endocrine organ with atrophy of another endocrine organ (idiopathic Addison's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, gonadal atrophy, diabetes mellitus and hypoparathyroidism) and with other illnesses (myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, vitiligo and Graves's disease) is well recognized.1 Though an increased frequency of autoantibodies has been demonstrated in many of these disturbances, it is unclear why the disturbances should be linked. Recent observations indicating that specific human histocompatibility antigens are found with increased frequency in patients with some of these disorders (myasthenia gravis, HLA-B82; Graves's disease, HLA-B83; Addison's disease, HLA-B84; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, HLA-B8 and . . .
Serum p55 and p75 tumour necrosis factor receptors as markers of disease activity in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: M Gattorno, P Picco, A Buoncompagni, F Stalla, P Facchetti, M P Sormani, V Pistoia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and its soluble receptors (p55 and p75) in the sera and synovial fluid of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), and their correlation with disease activity parameters. METHODS: Ninety eight sera from 45 patients with JCA (14 systemic, 12 polyarticular, 19 pauciarticular), 20 sera from age matched healthy controls, and five synovial fluids from five antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive pauciarticular JCA patients were tested for the presence of TNF alpha, soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 (sTNFRp55, sTNFRp75), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by an enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay. Physician global estimate of disease activity, weekly fever score and joint score, C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and haemoglobin concentration were evaluated as parameters of disease activity. The expression of p55 and p75 on peripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs) from five patients with systemic JCA and synovial MNCs from five ANA positive patients with pauciarticular JCA was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS: TNF alpha serum concentrations did not differ significantly between the patients with active JCA and the control group. No correlation was found between TNF alpha and parameters of disease activity, but both p55 and p75 showed a significant positive correlation with the physician global estimate of disease activity (p &lt; 0.001), ESR (p &lt; 0.001), CRP (p &lt; 0.001), and serum concentrations of IL-6 (p &lt; 0.001). Serum concentrations of haemoglobin correlated inversely with the concentrations of p55 and p75 (p &lt; 0.001). Synovial lymphocytes selectively expressed the p75 surface receptor. CONCLUSIONS: sTNFRp55 and sTNFRp75 each represent a sensitive marker of disease activity in JCA. Their increased expression in biological fluids may support the hypothesis that TNF alpha has a role in the pathogenesis of JCA.
Overexpression of CD44 in acquired endocrine resistant breast cancer modulates erbB activity and promotes an invasive phenotype.
Authors: BP Baruah, C Smith, N Jordan, RI Nicholson, J Robertson, P Barrett-Lee, S Hiscox
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3027 Background: Acquired endocrine resistance in breast cancer cells is accompanied by altered growth factor receptor signalling and a highly migratory cell phenotype. In tamoxifen-resistant ('TamR') MCF7 cells, our microarray analysis has demonstrated elevated levels of CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein, known to interact with and modulate the function of a number of growth factor receptors and plays a major role in tumour metastasis. Here, we have explored the role of CD44 as a modulator of erbB family activity in TamR cells and evaluated the expression of CD44 in a series of breast cancer patients on endocrine therapy.&amp;#x2028; Methods: RT-PCR was performed to confirm overexpression of CD44 at the gene level in TamR cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate expression of CD44 at the protein level together with the activity of erbB signalling pathways following stimulation of CD44 by its ligand, hyaluronan (HA), or following stimulation with erbB ligands (TGFα, heregulin β1) after knockdown of CD44 expression using siRNA. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine association between CD44 and erbB family members. Cell migration was assessed by seeding cells onto fibronectin-coated microporous inserts for 24 hours. CD44 expression levels were evaluated using paraffin-embedded tissue sections in a series of primary breast cancer tissues (n=103) from patients receiving endocrine therapy by immunohistochemical staining.&amp;#x2028; Results: CD44 was overexpressed at the gene and protein level in TamR cells versus their endocrine sensitive counterparts. siRNA-mediated suppression of CD44 expression reduced basal EGFR/Her2 activity in TamR cells together with suppressing their migratory phenotype. siRNA-mediated inhibition of CD44 expression greatly attenuated the ability of erbB ligands to activate erbB receptors and inhibited TGFα and heregulin β1-induced migration. Conversely, stimulation of TamR, but not MCF7 cells, with HA promoted activation of erbB family members together with their downstream signalling intermediates ERK1/2, Src and AKT. Analysis of CD44 expression in clinical tissue revealed an association between elevated CD44 expression and a shortened response to endocrine therapy.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: These data demonstrate that overexpression of CD44 accompanies endocrine resistance where it enhances the sensitivity of these cells to factors (erbB ligands, HA) found within the tumour microenvironment. This may implicate CD44 in loss of endocrine response clinically and, therefore, provide a novel therapeutic target in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3027.
Role of short heterodimer partner 9SHP) -dependent and -independent pathways for regulation of NA+/Taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP) expression in cholestatic mouse models
Authors: G. Zollner, P. Fickert, D. Silbert, A. Fuchsbichler, M. Wagner, K. Zatloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Corrigendum to: Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in cardiomyocytes
Authors: N. Geoghegan-Morphet, D. Burger, X. Lu, V. Sathish, T. Peng, S. M. Sims, Q. Feng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

[ Cardiovascular Research, Volume 75, Number 2, 15 July 2007, Pages 408–416: doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.03.020 ] …
Host Proteome Research in HIV Infection
Authors: Lijun Zhang, Xiaojun Zhang, Qing Ma, Honghao Zhou
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract Proteomics has been widely used in the last few years to look for new biomarkers and decipher the mechanism of HIV–host interaction. Herein, we review the recent developments of HIV/AIDS proteomic research, including the samples used in HIV/AIDS related research, the technologies used for proteomic study, the diagnosis biomarkers of HIV-associated disease especially HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, the mechanisms of HIV–host interaction, HIV-associated dementia, substance abuse, and so on. In the end of this review, we also give some prospects about the limitation and future improvement of HIV/AIDS proteomic research.
Keratinocyte growth factor induces proliferation of hepatocytes and epithelial cells throughout the rat gastrointestinal tract Housley RM, Morris CF, Boyle W, Ring B, Biltz R, Tarpley JE, Aukerman SL, et al. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1764?1777
Authors: A DIEHL
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Care of women with puerperal psychiatric disorders in England and Wales.
Authors: R J Prettyman, T Friedman
Journal: BMJ (1991)

hours cleared the other three.His total time in the water for the nine dives was 44 minutes (figure).His subsequent neurological and musculoskeletal decom- pression sickness was successfully treated with hyper- baric oxygen according to the US Navy table No 6.Surface 18 m u_ A *-Surface interval 3 hours - B _-Time Dive profile, case 1.Total time in water (A +B) was 44 minutes (US Navy no stops time at 18 metres=60 mins)Case 2-Five descents and ascents to and from 15 metres took diver 2 a total of 48 minutes and were completed without decompression stops.Subsequent musculoskeletal decompression sickness was success- fully treated with reference to US Navy table 6.Case 3-Over two weeks diver 3 made 14 dives a day in rapid succession with no decompression stops.The first six dives were to 18 metres with an average time spent on the bottom of 10 minutes, followed by eight dives to 9 metres with times spent on the bottom ranging from five to 10 minutes.He continued to dive to this pattern despite developing neurological de- compression sickness.When his illness was brought to medical attention he was successfully treated, 56 hours after surfacing from his last dive, according to an extended US Navy table 6 and had follow up hyperbaric oxygen treatments.
Leg Cramps and Vitamin E
Authors: Robert F. Cathcart
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The increasing interest in vitamin E (tocopherol) in California has led to tremendous public self experimentation. Health food stores sell massive amounts of concentrated vitamin E. Ayres and Mihan ("Leg Cramps [Systremma] and 'Restless Legs' Syndrome") observed a reference to vitamin E (<i>Calif Med</i><b>111</b>:87, 1969). In the practice of orthopedics, idiopathic leg cramps and other types of muscle cramps are common complaints. Because of this article, I casually began to prescribe the vitamin in the doses recommended—300 international units (IU) a day—first to patients complaining of leg cramps and other types of idiopathic cramps, and then sometimes to patients with pain in the neck and lower part of the back. I have now prescribed this medication to almost 100 patients. I would agree with Ayres and Mihan that the medication is almost universally effective on idiopathic nocturnal leg cramps. In my opinion, it is far more
A Clinical Lecture on Varix: Delivered at the Manchester Royal Infirmary
Authors: W. Thorburn
Journal: BMJ (1900)

GENTLEMEN,-NO disease is seen among the out-patients of our hospital more commonly than varix of the lower ex- tremity, and probably, for this very reason, there is none which genperally attracts less interest.The student assumes that he is perfectly familiar with varicose veins of the leg, and that he has nothing to learn concerning the affection, in accordance with which view he passes on to cases which are regarded as more obscure, and, therefore, as more interest- ing.But, as a matter of fact, there are few common diseases regarding which we find a divergence of opinion greater than that presented to us by the current textbooks of surgery ln the chapters dealing with this affection.Its symptoms are indeed recognised with clearness and comparative unanimity, but regarding its causes, its true nature, and even its common complications, we find the widest discrepancy of opinion.In illustration of these remarks I may quote to you pas- sages from two of the most recent and most popular textbooks of surgery.In one we read as follows:Varix is induced by any condition which leads to a frequently repeated or more or less permanent distension of a vein, such as prolonged stand-
Synergistic apoptotic response between valproic acid and fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells involves the lysosomal protease cathepsin B
Authors: J-Y Yoon, D Szwajcer, G Ishdorj, P Benjaminson, W Xiao, R Kumar, J B Johnston, S B Gibson
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Fludarabine, a nucleoside analogue, is commonly used in combination with other agents for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). In previous studies, valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, combined with fludarabine to synergistically increase apoptotic cell death in CLL cells. In the present study, we found that the combination of fludarabine and VPA decreases the level of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and XIAP in primary CLL cells. Treatment with fludarabine alone, or in combination with VPA, led to the loss of lysosome integrity, and chemical inhibition of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B, using CA074-Me, was sufficient to reduce apoptosis. VPA treatment increased cathepsin B levels and activities in primary CLL cells, thereby priming CLL cells for lysosome-mediated cell death. Six previously treated patients with relapsed CLL were treated with VPA, followed by VPA/fludarabine combination. The combined therapy resulted in reduced lymphocyte count in five out of six and reduced lymph node sizes in four out of six patients. In vivo VPA treatment increased histone-3 acetylation and cathepsin B expression levels. Thus, the synergistic apoptotic response with VPA and fludarabine in CLL is mediated by cathepsin B activation leading to a decrease in the anti-apoptotic proteins.
In vivo induction of Ia antigens on rat keratinocytes by γ-interferon
Authors: A. SCHEYNIUS, C. JOHANSSON, P.H. MEIDE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Recombinant rat IFN‐γ was found to induce Ia antigen expression on rat keratinocytes in vivo. Strong expression of Ia antigen on keratinocytes of rat ears was produced after intradermal injections of 10 000 U IFN‐γ once daily on 3 successive days. The expression was still pronounced 2 days after the last injection, but had disappeared 4 days later.
NOTCH1 IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRI-LEAFLET CALCIFIC AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Brian O'Neill, Brian Lindman, Jessica Castillo, Pearl Seo, Mauricio Cohen, Alan Heldman, Alan Zajarias, John Lasala, Susan Slifer, Namrata Vasudeva, Gary Beecham, Pascal Goldschmidt-Clermont, William O'Neill, David Seo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
NICE clarifies diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and advises on smoking cessation
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Men with low risk, localised prostate cancer should be offered active surveillance before radical treatment options, recommends a guideline for the NHS in England and Wales published this week. The guideline, developed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), aims to clarify how best to diagnose and treat the disease, based on developments in the past few years.

The guideline notes that although prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men it can be slow growing and may not affect general health for many years.

John Graham, consultant clinical oncologist at Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust …
Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinopathy with Ganciclovir
Authors: Gary N. Holland, Yossi Sidikaro, Allan E. Kreiger, David Hardy, Michael J. Sakamoto, Lisa M. Frenkel, Drew J. Winston, Michael S. Gottlieb, Yvonne J. Bryson, Richard E. Champlin, Winston G. Ho, Robert E. Winters, Peter R. Wolfe, James D. Cherry
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)
Long-term follow-up of antimitochondrial antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Conor O'Brien, Supriya Joshi, Jordan J. Feld, Maha Guindi, Hans P. Dienes, E. Jenny Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) are the serological hallmark for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). When AMAs are detected in patients with chronic hepatitis, they negatively impact on the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) scoring system. The purpose of this study was to determine if AMAs detected in the sera of patients with overt AIH have clinical or pathological significance. All patients with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of AIH from one center were reviewed. Only those meeting the criteria for probable or definite AIH according to the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group were included. Patients found to be consistently AMA-positive via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit were reviewed in detail. Fifteen of 126 patients with typical features of AIH (pretreatment AIH score >10) had detectable AMAs in serum. None had any histologic features suggestive of PBC. None had detectable anti-liver-kidney-microsomal antibodies. Of these 15 patients, all have remained persistently AMA-positive via ELISA. All 15 patients have been followed long-term, and their clinical course remained typical for AIH. No bile duct damage typical of PBC was seen on initial or follow-up liver biopsies.Patients with overt AIH who test positive for AMAs at initial presentation and are treated with corticosteroid therapy have shown no clinical or histologic evidence of PBC despite the continued detection of AMAs over a follow-up of up to 27 years.
Genomic sequencing of only tumor tissue could be misleading in nearly half of patients, study shows
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Clinicians who rely on genomic analysis of only a patient’s tumor tissue to guide cancer therapy could be misled by the presence of harmless mutations that are also present in the patient’s normal germline cells and are unrelated to the cancer, a study published in Science Translational Medicine has found.1

Increasingly, it has become standard practice to perform genomic sequencing of tumor tissue to identify cancer-causing mutations responsible for tumor development and growth. Of particular interest to clinicians are “actionable genes” whose presence can help identify the …
AN APPARATUS FOR THE INFUSION OF PHYSIOLOGIC SODIUM CHLORID SOLUTION
Authors: William H. Byford
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is a usual experience to have a great deal of trouble in the common matter of the infusion of physiologic sodium chlorid solution. The gravity method in common use, an inverted flask with one glass tube to let the air in and a second to let the solution out, is subject to various accidents, particularly when an inexperienced person holds the flask. Not uncommonly the stopper comes out, spilling the contents over whatever is beneath, wasting time and perhaps sacrificing what chance there may be of benefit to the patient. Again, a long rubber tube is needed to give sufficient weight to the column of water for it to force itself into the tissues. This long tube is subject to leaks, loose connections and accidental jerks. Furthermore, two persons are needed, one to hold the flask and the other to use the needles. The flow is of necessity slow
[8] SHOULD TREATMENT WITH PEGINTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN BE INTENSIFIED IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 2/3 WITHOUT A RAPID VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE?
Authors: B. Willems, S.J. Hadziyannis, T.R. Morgan, M. Diago, P. Marcellin, D. Bernstein, P.J. Pockros, A. Lin, M.L. Shiftman, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Use of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives and Stroke in Young Women
Authors: Stephen M. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Low-dose oral contraceptives are widely used, but there are limited data on the cerebrovascular risks associated with these medications. Objective: To determine whether use of low-dose oral contraceptives influences the risk for stroke. Design: Population-based case–control study. Setting: Women 18 to 44 years of age who resided in western Washington State between 1991 and 1995. Participants: Patients with ischemic stroke (n = 60), hemorrhagic stroke (n = 102), and other types of stroke (n = 11) and controls identified through random-digit dialing (n = 485). Measurements: Details about oral contraceptive use and other risk factors for stroke were obtained through in-person interviews. Results: The estimated incidences of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were 6.4 and 4.3 per 100 000 women-years, respectively. Compared with women who had never used oral contraceptives (after adjustment for risk factors for stroke), current users of low-dose oral contraceptives had estimated odds ratios of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.37 to 2.31) for hemorrhagic stroke and 0.89 (CI, 0.27 to 2.94) for ischemic stroke. Compared with past users of oral contraceptives, current users had odds ratios of 1.41 (CI, 0.67 to 2.96) for hemorrhagic stroke and 1.37 (CI, 0.49 to 3.81) for ischemic stroke. For past users compared with never users, the odds ratios were 0.59 (CI, 0.30 to 1.18) for hemorrhagic stroke and 0.57 (CI, 0.25 to 1.32) for ischemic stroke. The odds ratio for hemorrhagic stroke in current users of low-dose oral contraceptives containing norgestrel or levonorgestrel was elevated (3.23 [CI, 1.24 to 8.41]). Among patients with hemorrhagic stroke, the odds ratio for aneurysmal bleeding associated with current use of low-dose oral contraceptives containing norgestrel or levonorgestrel was 4.46 (CI, 1.58 to 12.53). Conclusions: The overall risk for stroke and type of stroke was not increased among current users of low-dose oral contraceptives in the study population. Larger studies are needed to clarify both the relation of risk for stroke to past use of oral contraceptives and the possible association between current use of norgestrel-containing oral contraceptives and hemorrhagic stroke.