tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical vs Medical Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anita P. Courcoulas, Bret H. Goodpaster, Jessie K Eagleton, Steven H. Belle, Melissa A. Kalarchian, Wei Lang, Frederico G. S. Toledo, John M. Jakicic
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Many questions remain unanswered about the role of bariatric surgery for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).To determine feasibility of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) and compare initial outcomes of bariatric surgery and a structured weight loss program for treating T2DM in participants with grades I and II obesity.A 12-month, 3-arm RCT at a single center including 69 participants aged 25 to 55 years with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 30 to 40 and T2DM.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), and an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention (LWLI).Primary outcomes in the intention-to-treat cohort were feasibility and effectiveness measured by weight loss and improvements in glycemic control.Of 667 potential participants who underwent screening, 69 (10.3%) were randomized. Among the randomized participants, 30 (43%) had grade I obesity, and 56 (81%) were women. Mean (SD) age was 47.3 (6.4) years and hemoglobin A1c level, 7.9% (2.0%). After randomization, 7 participants (10%) refused to undergo their allocated intervention (3 RYGB, 1 LAGB, and 3 LWLI), and 1 RYGB participant was excluded for current smoking. Twenty participants underwent RYGB; 21, LAGB; and 20, LWLI, with 12-month retention rates of 90%, 86%, and 70%, respectively. In the intention-to-treat cohort with multiple imputation for missing data, RYGB participants had the greatest mean weight loss from baseline (27.0%; 95% CI, 30.8-23.3) compared with LAGB (17.3%; 95% CI, 21.1-13.5) and LWLI (10.2%; 95% CI, 14.8-5.61) (P < .001). Partial and complete remission of T2DM were 50% and 17%, respectively, in the RYGB group and 27% and 23%, respectively, in the LAGB group (P < .001 and P = .047 between groups for partial and complete remission), with no remission in the LWLI group. Significant reductions in use of antidiabetics occurred in both surgical groups. No deaths were noted. The 3 serious adverse events included 1 ulcer treated medically in the RYGB group and 2 rehospitalizations for dehydration in the LAGB group.This study highlights several potential challenges to successful completion of a larger RCT for treatment of T2DM and obesity in patients with a body mass index of 30 to 40, including the difficulties associated with recruiting and randomizing patients to surgical vs nonsurgical interventions. Preliminary results show that RYGB was the most effective treatment, followed by LAGB for weight loss and T2DM outcomes at 1 year.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01047735.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis
Authors: Takako Saeki, Shinichi Nishi, Naofumi Imai, Tomoyuki Ito, Hajime Yamazaki, Mitsuhiro Kawano, Motohisa Yamamoto, Hiroki Takahashi, Shoko Matsui, Shinji Nakada, Tomoki Origuchi, Akira Hirabayashi, Noriyuki Homma, Yutaka Tsubata, Takuma Takata, Yoko Wada, Akihiko Saito, Sachiko Fukase, Kunihiro Ishioka, Kana Miyazaki, Yasufumi Masaki, Hisanori Umehara, Susumu Sugai, Ichiei Narita
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Oxidative stress in nonallergic nasal polyps associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Y.‐K. Cheng, M.‐H. Tsai, C.‐D. Lin, G.‐Y. Hwang, L.‐W. Hang, G.‐C. Tseng, P.‐S. Shen, W.‐C. Chang
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Nasal polyposis (NP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of upper airway with unknown etiology. NP is frequently associated with asthma; the interaction between these comorbidities remains interesting. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of NP and asthma. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of oxidative stress in sinonasal microenvironments by evaluating its association with clinopathological parameters and its impacts on the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in NP. Methods: Polyp biopsy specimens were obtained from 20 nonallergic patients; control mucosas were obtained from 20 volunteers. The levels of free radicals in the tissues and in blood were determined by a sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method. NP patients were substratified into three subgroups, NP without BHR, NP with asymptomatic BHR, and NP with BHR and asthma by the results of provocative testing. Four histological characteristics of NP, inflammatory cells, eosinophil infiltration, edema and fibrosis were estimated and applied to correlate with the tissue‐CL. Results: The mean CL level in polyp‐tissues, but not in blood, was higher than in the control specimens. In NP patients, tissue‐CL was associated with endoscopy score; high tissue‐CL levels were positively correlated with the abundance of inflammatory cells and eosinophils. Tissue‐CL and endoscopy score were associated with BHR/asthma phenotype. Conclusion: These results suggest an important role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of NP and a causal relation between oxidative stress and inflammatory cells, especially the eosinophils. Free radical levels in polyp‐tissues associated with NP severity and with BHR/asthma phenotype in nonallergic NP patients.
Recent findings on the carcinogenicity of chlorinated olefins.
Authors: C Maltoni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Data are presented on factors affecting the carcinogenic effects of chlorinated olefins, such as molecular structure, concentration, length of treatment, route of administration and animal species, strain, sex, and age. The observations are based upon carcinogenicity experimental bioassays of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride. Early results, which appear to show that some of these factors (particularly species, strain, and sex) act by affecting the metabolism of the tested compounds, are presented, and the need for metabolic characterization of experimental animals in chemical carcinogenesis is stressed.
An Atlas of Acquired Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels: Vol. 1, Diseases of the Valves and Pericardium; Vol. 2, Coronary Arterial Disease, Systemic Hypertension, Myocardiopathies, the Heart in Systemic Disease, and Cor Pulmonale, Acute and Chronic; Vol. 3, Diseases of the Great Vessels
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In 3 handsome volumes, the author and the publisher give a veritable museum of cardiac pathology. As the subtitles indicate, the coverage is comprehensive. The separate disease categories comprise specific individual cases, presented as brief informative case histories, photographs of gross specimens, and frequent photomicrographs, together with reproductions of x-rays and electrocardiograms where indicated, and numerous diagrams, all with detailed captions and remarks. Since this is avowedly an atlas, there is relatively little discussion of pathogenesis and little indication of the controversial aspects of cardiovascular disease. This in a sense enhances the teaching value, for fine photographs never get outmoded, although interpretations do. On the whole, Dr. Edwards has achieved an excellent balance which should make the volumes of great interest to surgeons and internists as well as pathologists. The gross photographs are magnificent. Several of the photomicrographs, however, are of mediocre quality, although most are satisfactory. Since the book
269 Failure of bone marrow derived cells to replace injured livers
Authors: Y KANAZAWA, I VERMA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The transport of molecules across membranes is an essential function of all living organisms and a large number of specific transporters have evolved to carry out this function. The largest transporter gene family is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family is comprised of nine related ABC transporters. The intra-cellular distribution of the different MRP isoforms in relation to their physiological and non physiological function is still a point of discussion. For this purpose we used normal human lung cells (bronchial epithelial cells, NHBEC, and peripheral lung cells, PLC) as well as tumor cell cultures as test tools to investigate the intracelluar localization of these proteins under classical culture conditions and under air–liquid interface by means of indirect fluorescence microscopy. Characterization of the cultured cells as lung epithelial cells was performed by means of immuno-histochemical analysis.MRP1 and MRP3 were localised to the cellular membrane in all tested lung cell types. In contrast to that MRP2, MRP4 and MRP5 could be described as intracellular proteins in NHBEC and PLC. All MRP1–MRP5 isoforms could be characterized in A549 tumor cell line as membrane proteins.In order to imitate the physiological in vivo circumstances in the lung, we have established a dry/wet method (air–liquid interface) for cell cultivation so that cultured cells have the option to polarize between air and basal membrane and this might influence the distribution pattern of MRP1 and MRP2 in NHBEC. Using confocal laser scanning techniques we could show that in cells kept under dry/wet conditions MRP1 was found to be localised to baso-lateral cell regions while MRP2 was localised to all cell regions. Under classical culture conditions MRP1 was not localized to particular membrane regions and MRP2 was found to be an intracellular protein.
Intracellular calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: W H Barry, J H Bridge
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes results from the integrated function of transsarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways modulated by membrane potential and from intracellular Ca2+ uptake and release caused predominantly by SR function. These processes can be importantly altered in different disease states as well as by pharmacological agents, and the resulting changes in systolic and diastolic [Ca2+]i can cause clinically significant alterations in contraction and relaxation of the heart. It may be anticipated that a rapid increase in our understanding of the pathophysiology of Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac myocytes will be forthcoming as the powerful new tools of molecular and structural biology are used to investigate the regulation of Ca2+ transport systems.
Serological characteristics of peanut allergy in children
Authors: H. Bernard, E. Paty, L. Mondoulet, A. W. Burks, G. A. Bannon, J. M. Wal, P. Scheinmann
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Food challenge is considered an excellent clinical tool for the diagnosis of specific food allergy. However in the case of peanut allergy it may be difficult to perform because of the severity of the reactions. The quantitation of a specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to different peanut allergens could also contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis. We characterized the IgE response to a whole peanut protein extract and to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in different groups of patients classified according to the severity of their allergic reactions.Specific serum IgE were analyzed in 96 children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests using a whole protein extract or purified peanut proteins and anti-human IgE monoclonal antibodies labeled with acetylcholinesterase.A parallel was observed between levels of peanut-specific IgE and the classification in five groups and subgroups of patients upon increasing severity of symptoms, especially within the group of highest severity. Moreover, the highest frequency of positive response and the highest levels of specific IgE were observed with whole peanut protein extract.In a retrospective evaluation of peanut allergy in children, we have shown that quantitation of peanut-specific IgE could be used to avoid a food challenge particularly in the case of severe reactions. When compared to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, whole peanut protein extract appeared to be the most appropriate allergen to perform the test.
Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of asthma in childhood.
Authors: A N Speight, D A Lee, E N Hey
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A total of 179 Tyneside children who had suffered at least one episode of wheeze since school entry were seen at the age of 7. All but 14 had visited a doctor for chest symptoms, but a diagnosis of asthma had been offered to the parents of only 21 children, including three of the 56 children experiencing four to 12 wheezy episodes a year and 11 of the 31 children experiencing more than 12 episodes a year. Bronchodilator treatment was rarely offered in the absence of such a diagnosis, and two thirds of the children had never received a bronchodilator. Of the children experiencing four or more episodes a year, only a third had received bronchodilator drugs regularly, though half had lost more than 50 days from school because of wheeze. School absenteeism fell 10-fold in the 31 children finally offered continuous prophylactic treatment. Although many doctors had feared that use of the word "asthma" would cause anxiety, parents were uniformly relieved when given an explanation of their child's recurrent wheeze. This study uncovered a disturbing amount of ill health in children that was easily rectified. Probably this same problem exists in other areas.
Selective impairment of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ response to glucose in pancreatic β cells of streptozocin-induced non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats
Authors: Kazuo Tsuji, Tomohiko Taminato, Hitoshi Ishida, Yoshimasa Okamoto, Yoshiyuki Tsuura, Seika Kato, Takeshi Kurose, Yasunobu Okada, Hiroo Imura, Yutaka Seino
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
Hysteria – The Choice of Symptom Site
Authors: A. Fallik, M. Sigal
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

This paper is a study of 40 cases of sensory-motor conversion reaction over a 5-year period. The results indicate that the choice of symptom site is influenced by certain factors: (1) Previous lesion. The site is most often the area or limb in which previous lesion, injury or organic defect is present. (2)Suggestion. The site and character of the symptom are influenced in particular by iatrogenic suggestion as a result of repeated medical examination. (3)Dominant side. Generally the conversion symptom is manifested on the dominant side. Finally, in addition to recognizing the importance of personality trends, it was observed that the appearance of the symptom in all cases was preceded by an inter-social or inter-personal conflict which was traced through a thorough case history.
Iodine-Containing Medications, the Protein-Bound Iodine and the Uptake of Radioiodine by the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Stanley Slater, Marvin Numeroff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

MANY patients receive iodine-containing medication that can alter the results of concomitantly performed determinations of radioiodine uptake or serum protein-bound iodine. When the iodine is an active component of the prescribed medication, as when used as an expectorant in a cough mixture, the physician may not have too much difficulty in determining its relation to the results observed. The tests may be much more difficult to evaluate when the iodine has been incorporated in the medication merely to make a salt of the active ingredient, and without any intention of having the iodine exhibit any pharmacologic action of its own. . . .
Cyclosiloxanes produce fatal liver and lung damage in mice.
Authors: M W Lieberman, E D Lykissa, R Barrios, C N Ou, G Kala, S V Kala
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

To examine the toxicity of cyclosiloxanes (CSs), the predominant low molecular weight cyclic silicones found in breast implants, we injected female CD-1 mice intraperitoneally with different doses of distillate (3.5-35 g/kg body weight) containing cyclosiloxane D3 (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane; CS-D3), cyclosiloxane D4 (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane; CS-D4), cyclosiloxane D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; CS-D5), and cyclosiloxane D6 (dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane; CS-D6). The distillate was found to be lethal and all the mice injected with 35 g/kg died within 5-8 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) for distillate was estimated to be approximately 28 g/kg. These mice developed inflammatory lesions of the lung and liver as well as liver cell necrosis with elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Administration of CS-D4 alone also produced lethality in these mice with an LD50 of 6-7 g/kg. CS-D4-treated mice also exhibited pulmonary and hepatic lesions and elevated serum enzymes. Analysis of LD50 data indicates that CS-D4 is about as toxic as carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene. We measured hydroxyl radical formation in CS-D4-treated mice and found increases of approximately 20-fold in liver and approximately 7-fold in lung on day 4 following injection. Our findings are significant because in vitro experiments have demonstrated that CSs can migrate out of breast implants, and in mouse experiments CSs have been shown to be widely distributed in many organs after a single subcutaneous injection and to persist for at least a year.
Intravenous and intrapulmonary recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism.
Authors: M Verstraete, G A Miller, H Bounameaux, B Charbonnier, J P Colle, G Lecorf, G A Marbet, P Mombaerts, C G Olsson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Eight centers participated in a study in which intrapulmonary and intravenous administration of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were compared in 34 patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism. All patients received intravenous heparin in a bolus of 5,000 IU followed by 1,000 IU/hr. After 50 mg rt-PA given over 2 hr the severity of embolism, determined from pulmonary angiograms, declined by 12% in the intrapulmonary drug group (p less than .005) and 15% in the intravenous drug group (p less than .005); mean pulmonary arterial pressure fell from 31 +/- 7 to 22 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than .005) and from 31 +/- 12 to 21 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than .005) in the respective groups. After a further 50 mg given over 5 hr (22 patients), the angiographically determined severity of embolism had decreased by 38% from baseline in the intrapulmonary drug group and by 38% in the intravenous drug group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure further declined to 18 +/- 7 and 12 +/- 5 mm Hg in the respective groups. Fibrinogen levels dropped to 48% of baseline after 50 mg and to 36% of baseline after 100 mg rt-PA. Some degree of bleeding at puncture and/or operation sites was noted in 16 patients, including four who required a transfusion of two or more units of blood and had been operated on an average of 7.5 days (range 2 to 13) before thrombolytic treatment was started.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Urethane Toxicity
Authors: Robert L. Ohler, John D. Houghton, William C. Moloney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

WIDE experience in the use of urethane (ethyl carbamate) has accumulated since the appearance of the original report of Paterson et al.1 in 1946. It is now generally accepted that the drug has proved of some use in chronic myelogenous leukemia and less constantly in chronic lymphatic leukemia.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Results in acute and subacute leukemia2 , 3 , 4 , 7 , 9 and polycythemia vera5 have been disappointing.With notable exceptions other malignant diseases have responded poorly or not at all.4 , 9 , 11 , 12 Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, mixed salivary-gland tumor, lymphoepithelioma and various carcinomas have occasionally regressed,1 , 9 , 13 as have mycosis fungoides9 , 14 and endocrine-independent prostatic carcinoma.12 , 15 In multiple myeloma reports have indicated . . .
Diastolic "locking" of the mitral valve: the importance of atrial systole and intraventricular volume.
Authors: D David, E L Michelson, M Naito, C C Chen, M Schaffenburg, L S Dreifus
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Diastolic mitral valve "locking," defined as sustained diastolic closure of the mitral valve after atrial systole, was investigated by simultaneous hemodynamic and echocardiographic recordings during a protocol of programmed pacing in six dogs with surgically induced atrioventricular block. Atrial extrasystoles were introduced at progressively increasing coupling intervals during programmed prolonged pauses in ventricular pacing. As the coupling interval of the atrial extrasystole was increased, both the mitral reopening time (MRT) and the calculated left ventricular volume (LVV) at the end of the MRT increased proportionally. These interrelations could be best expressed by a general logarithmic function of the form y = a + b ln (x), where x = the coupling interval of the atrial extrasystole and y = the MRT or the LVV. Correlations between the measured data and the predicted data were excellent (r greater than or equal to 0.95). In each dog, a specific LVV had to be attained to allow a diastolic "locking" of the mitral valve. Atrial standstill and atrial fibrillation were also induced in each dog to study the relative role of atrial systole in locking of the mitral valve. During either atrial standstill or atrial fibrillation, the mitral valve closed transiently, but did not lock, despite the accumulation of a LVV larger than the LVV necessary to lock the valve during sinus rhythm. Thus, diastolic locking of the mitral valve has several determinants, including the presence of active atrial systole and the accumulation of a sufficient intraventricular volume.
Treatment with HIF-1α Antagonist PX-478 Inhibits Progression and Spread of Orthotopic Human Small Cell Lung Cancer and Lung Adenocarcinoma in Mice
Authors: Jörg J. Jacoby, Baruch Erez, Maria V. Korshunova, Ryan R. Williams, Kazuhisa Furutani, Osamu Takahashi, Lynn Kirkpatrick, Scott M. Lippman, Garth Powis, Michael S. O'Reilly, Roy S. Herbst
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Pharmacogenetic study in Hodgkin lymphomas reveals the impact of UGT1A1 polymorphisms on patient prognosis
Authors: Vincent Ribrag, Serge Koscielny, Olivier Casasnovas, Cecile Cazeneuve, Pauline Brice, Franck Morschhauser, Jean Gabarre, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Gilbert Lenoir, Gilles Salles
Journal: Blood (2008)
Should electronic cigarettes be as freely available as tobacco cigarettes? No
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency has decided to license electronic cigarettes as medicines from 2016. <b>Simon Chapman</b> agrees with regulation, seeing e-cigarettes as another way for big tobacco to try to make nicotine addiction socially acceptable again, but <b>Jean-François Etter</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3845) says restrictions will result in more harm to smokers
Activity-Induced Notch Signaling in Neurons Requires Arc/Arg3.1 and Is Essential for Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal Networks
Authors: Lavinia Alberi, Shuxi Liu, Yue Wang, Ramy Badie, Constance Smith-Hicks, Jing Wu, Tarran J. Pierfelice, Bagrat Abazyan, Mark P. Mattson, Dietmar Kuhl, Mikhail Pletnikov, Paul F. Worley, Nicholas Gaiano
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Cytolytic T cells induce ceramide-rich platforms in target cell membranes to initiate graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Jimmy A. Rotolo, Branka Stancevic, Sydney X. Lu, Jianjun Zhang, David Suh, Christopher G. King, Lucy W. Kappel, George F. Murphy, Chen Liu, Zvi Fuks, Marcel R. van den Brink, Richard Kolesnick
Journal: Blood (2009)