tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract C56: High αV integrin level is associated with metastasis to the brain in athymic rat hematogenous models
Authors: Jeffrey Wu, Michael Pagel, Leslie L. Muldoon, Edward A. Neuwelt
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Brain metastases from systemic cancers occur in approximately 20% of lung cancer patients including both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and in 5-8% of breast cancer and melanoma. Brain metastases tend to present as multiple brain lesions with high morbidity and poor prognosis. We investigated the expression of αV integrin cell adhesion protein in multiple human cancer cell lines (3 SCLC, 4 NSCLC, 2 melanoma, 1 breast cancer), and its correlation with migration in vitro and brain metastatic ability in vivo using a hematogenous metastasis technique in which cancer cells are infused into the internal carotid artery in athymic nude rats. Expression of αV integrin protein was highly variable among human cancer cell lines. Four cell lines tested had high αV integrin expression and formed multiple brain metastases. H460 NSCLC cells formed 13 ± 6 metastases per brain (mean volume 3 ± 9 mm3) with median survival 34 days (n = 4). A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells formed 9 ± 5 metastases per brain (8 ± 21 mm3 volume, 62 day survival, n = 6). MDA-MB231BR-HER2 breast cancer and A2058 melanoma cells also formed multiple brain metastases. Low αV expressing lung cancer cells, including H146 and DMS79 SCLC, and H520 squamous NSCLC cells failed to form brain metastases by 12-16 weeks after intracarotid cell infusion. In an in vitro gap closure migration assay, A549 cells (high αV integrin) showed a higher rate of migration than H520 cells (low αV integrin). Regardless of αV integrin level, incubation with intetumumab anti-αV integrin monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited cell migration of both A549 and H520 cells. We conclude that cancer cellular αV integrin level is positively correlated to the development of brain metastases and may be a potential biomarker of patients likely to develop brain metastases. We suggest that blocking αV integrin with intetumumab has prophylactic potential to prevent distant metastasis and improve survival in cancer patients. Citation Format: Jeffrey Wu, Michael Pagel, Leslie L. Muldoon, Edward A. Neuwelt. High αV integrin level is associated with metastasis to the brain in athymic rat hematogenous models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C56.
Increased Nerve-Growth-Stimulating Activity in Disseminated Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Isaac Schenkein, Elmer D. Bueker, Lawrence Helson, Felicia Axelrod, Joseph Dancis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

NERVE-GROWTH factors have been isolated from a variety of substances such as sarcoma, snake venoms and the spinal-axial region of the chick embryo. The best source has been the submandibular salivary gland of the mouse.1 The administration of this factor stimulates the enlargement of spinal and sympathetic ganglions in vivo2 and the in vitro outgrowth of neurites from explanted embryonic ganglions of the chick, the mouse and the human being.2 The physiologic role of the factor and its site of synthesis are unknown. The most compelling evidence that it does serve a physiologic function is the observation that injection of . . .
Poliomyelitis: The Battle Continues
Authors: Stanley K. Yarnell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In 1979, Larry Schneider, a poliomyelitis survivor from Tucson, Ariz, wrote a letter to the editor of the<i>Rehabilitation Gazette</i>regarding the recent onset of pain, inexplicable fatigue, and a sense of progressing weakness 30 years after the onset of polio.<sup>1</sup>He asked whether other polio survivors had noticed comparable symptoms. The subsequent flood of correspondence to editor Gini Lauri so astounded her that she called together a network of medical specialists and polio survivors for the First International Post-Polio Symposium in Chicago, Ill, in 1981. The ensuing presentations and discussions defined the scope of the problem of postpolio sequelae. Most in attendance agreed that postpolio-related problems were not truly a syndrome in the classic sense, because not all polio survivors develop all the same symptoms. Commonly described symptoms include joint and muscular pain, unaccustomed fatigue or decreased stamina in daily activities, cold intolerance, worsening respiratory problems, and, most
Inappropriate use of sumatriptan: population based register and interview study
Authors: D. Gaist, I. Tsiropoulos, S. H Sindrup, J. Hallas, B. K Rasmussen, J. Kragstrup, L. F Gram
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Sumatriptan ranked second in expenditure on drugs for outpatients in Denmark in 1995.The 5% of patients who were heavy users of sumatriptan accounted for nearly 40% of consumption. 1 2 We conducted a population based interview study to evaluate the appropriateness of sumatriptan use.
PATIENT AND SYSTEM-RELATED GAPS IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES USE IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM THE THIRD GULF REGISTRY OF ACUTE CORONARY EVENTS
Authors: Khalid F. AlHabib, Kadhim Sulaiman, Jassim Al Suwaidi, Wael Almahmeed, Alawi Alsheikh-Ali, Mohammed Al Jarallah, Haitham Amin, Hussam AlFaleh, Prashanth Panduranga, Ahmad Hersi, Tarek Kashour, Zohair Al Aseri, Anhar Ullah, Robert Welsh, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Propositional learning is a useful research heuristic but it is not a theoretical algorithm
Authors: A. G. Baker, Irina Baetu, Robin A. Murphy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Mitchell et al.'s claim, that their propositional theory is a single-process theory, is illusory because they relegate some learning to a secondary memory process. This renders the single-process theory untestable. The propositional account is not a process theory of learning, but rather, a heuristic that has led to interesting research.
Efficacy of miconazole in the topical treatment of tinea pedis in sportsmen
Authors: J.C. GENTLES, G.R. JONES, D.T. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A double‐blind trial of 2% miconazole in a cream and in a powder base and of the respective vehicles was done in a group of forty‐five young sportsmen regularly training and using the showers in a gymnasium. After 4 weeks treatment, the mycological cure rate using the active preparation was 60% compared to 24% for the placebo (P<0·05).
PTU-161 Chronic norovirus infection as a cause of common variable immunodeficiency-associated enteropathy
Authors: J Woodward, A Ng, A Aravinthan, B Bandoh, H Liu, S Davies, P Stevenson, M Curran, D Kumararatne
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A severe enteropathy with villous atrophy occurs in up to 15% of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). This study set out to determine the role of Norovirus infection in this condition. <h3>Methods</h3> Stool and archived small intestinal biopsies from patients with CIVD enteropathy were analysed by PCR for the presence of Norovirus RNA. PCR products were sequenced to determine the relationship of viral isolates. Stool samples from ten asymptomatic patients with CVID served as controls. <h3>Results</h3> All seven patients in our CVID cohort with enteropathy and villous atrophy showed persistent faecal norovirus excretion. No other entero- or parechovirus infection was apparent in any patient. Analysis of archived duodenal biopsies demonstrated the presence of the same viral strain (genotype II.4) in individuals over periods of up to 8 years. The presence of norovirus was strongly associated with villous atrophy in all our cases. Asymptomatic CVID patients showed no evidence of norovirus excretion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Chronic norovirus infection occurs in patients with common variable immunodeficiency-associated enteropathy and is strongly associated with villous atrophy and symptomatic malabsorption in all patients with CVID in this cohort. Chronic Norovirus is implicated as a major cause of CVID enteropathy. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Michael Cautley Holderness
Authors: D. Eyre-Walker
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Michael Cautley Holderness (“Mike”) was born into a medical family: his grandfather was a general practitioner and his father a medical officer for health. He was an only child, and from an early age showed considerable academic promise. After preparatory school in Leicestershire, he went on to the King’s School, Canterbury, as a scholar, then to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, again as a scholar, before continuing his medical training at The London Hospital, where he …
Role of Lugol Dye Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Early Esophageal Cancer
Authors: A. Misumi, K. Harada, A. Murakami, K. Arima, H. Kondo, M. Akagi, Y. Yagi, T. Ikeda, K. Baba, Y. Kobori, H. Matsukane
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

To evaluate the role of Lugol dye endoscopy in diagnosing early esophageal cancer, we reviewed findings of dye endoscopy and those of conventional endoscopy in 17 early esophageal cancers that were demonstrated as unstained areas on dyeing with Lugol solution. Histologically, all 17 lesions were squamous cell carcinomas; 10 lesions being mucosal carcinomas, the remaining 7 lesions mucosal carcinomas spreading beyond the epithelial layer. The lesions ranged from 0.7 to 4.0 cm in size. Abnormal findings were noted under conventional endoscopy in all but 3 lesions diagnosed only by postoperative pathohistology, regardless of the size and depth of the invasion. Under conventional endoscopy, the following types of morphological changes were noted in 8 (57.1%) of the 14 lesions: slight elevation (1 lesion), depression (6 lesions), and deformed arc (1 lesion). A color change was noted endoscopically in 12 of the 14 lesions (85.7%), this change being redness in all 12 lesions. The unstained area on the resected specimen was consistent with the size of the lesion that was determined by using serially sectioned blocks in all cases. Moreover, the former completely (100%) coincided with the histological area where PAS reaction was weak. In conclusion, under conventional endoscopy, a color change such as redness is an important indicator of minute or superficial esophageal cancer, as is such morphological change as depression, elevation or deformed arc. On the other hand, Lugol dye endoscopy is very helpful in detecting esophageal cancer unassociated with any morphological or color change. It also provides accurate information about the extent of the cancer.
Dengue fever epidemic potential as projected by general circulation models of global climate change.
Authors: J A Patz, W J Martens, D A Focks, T H Jetten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Climate factors influence the transmission of dengue fever, the world's most widespread vector-borne virus. We examined the potential added risk posed by global climate change on dengue transmission using computer-based simulation analysis to link temperature output from three climate general circulation models (GCMs) to a dengue vectorial capacity equation. Our outcome measure, epidemic potential, is the reciprocal of the critical mosquito density threshold of the vectorial capacity equation. An increase in epidemic potential indicates that a smaller number of mosquitoes can maintain a state of endemicity of disease where dengue virus is introduced. Baseline climate data for comparison are from 1931 to 1980. Among the three GCMs, the average projected temperature elevation was 1.16 degrees C, expected by the year 2050. All three GCMs projected a temperature-related increase in potential seasonal transmission in five selected cities, as well as an increase in global epidemic potential, with the largest area change occurring in temperate regions. For regions already at risk, the aggregate epidemic potential across the three scenarios rose on average between 31 and 47% (range, 24-74%). If climate change occurs, as many climatologists believe, this will increase the epidemic potential of dengue-carrying mosquitoes, given viral introduction and susceptible human populations. Our risk assessment suggests that increased incidence may first occur in regions bordering endemic zones in latitude or altitude. Endemic locations may be at higher risk from hemorrhagic dengue if transmission intensity increases.
Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Prognosis in a developing nation is comparable to developed nations
Authors: K. Kumar, D. Thatai, A. Saxena, V. Srinivas, R. Juneja, S.S. Kothari, S. Shrivastava, S.E. Lipshultz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Mercy Killing: Mercy for Whom?
Authors: James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In a classic film portrayal of the depression era, the character played by Jane Fonda responds with the question, "They shoot horses, don't they?" when asked why she killed her chronically miserable companion. The audience is left to reach its own conclusion about the merits of "mercy killing." I am left with the question, "Yes, but<i>why</i>do they shoot horses?" We all know "they" shoot horses. It is part of our literature, part of our culture. Many of us remember the thoroughbred Ruffian, killed on the infield at Belmont Park after she shattered her foreleg during a match race with Foolish Pleasure. The rabid Old Yeller was shot; so was The Yearling; Black Beauty was almost shot. Actually, as my veterinarian friends are quick to point out, we no longer shoot horses; they are disposed of by lethal injection. But however we kill them, why do we do it?
Rapid kinetics to peak serum antibodies is achieved following influenza vaccination by dry-coated densely packed microprojections to skin
Authors: Xianfeng Chen, Germain J.P. Fernando, Anthony P. Raphael, Sally R. Yukiko, Emily J. Fairmaid, Clare A. Primiero, Ian H. Frazer, Lorena E. Brown, Mark A.F. Kendall
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Abstract 1398: Aurora kinase A inhibition with MLN8054 radiosensitizes prostate cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest leading to increased prolonged DNA damage and apoptosis
Authors: Stephen M. Schleicher, Luigi Moretti, Misun Hwang, Prapaporn Kopsombut, Kwang Woon Kim, Daniel Spratt, Jerry Jaboin, Bo Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate a potential new radioenhancer for the treatment of prostate cancer. Despite multiple promising treatment modalities, prostate cancer remains a significant cause of diminished quality of life and cancer death, indicating the need for more aggressive, targeted therapy. Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a promising treatment target, but its inhibition has never been investigated in combination with radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Using the selective AURKA inhibitor, MLN8054, we performed clonogenic assay to investigate in vitro radiosensitization, cell cycle analysis to observe changes induced by AURKA inhibition, tumor growth delay to study in vivo effects, and histologic active caspase staining to measure apoptosis. We demonstrated radiosensitizing effects in vitro in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines, which was confirmed in vivo by tumor growth delay in PC3 xenografts in nude mice. In addition, we investigated a potential mechanism for radiosensitization. We report that MLN8054 induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M and polyploidy in both prostate cancer cell lines, which is associated with sustained DNA damage from radiation as seen by increased immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX, a measure of DNA double-strand breaks. Staining for caspase-3 in xenograft samples showed increased apoptosis in irradiated samples pre-treated with MLN8054 compared to irradiation or inhibitor alone. Our findings support the potential use of AURKA inhibition with MLN8054 to enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer, and suggest a potential mechanism underlying its radiosensitization effects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1398.
Neural Correlates of Procedural Variants in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Randomized, Controlled Multicenter fMRI Study
Authors: Benjamin Straube, Ulrike Lueken, Andreas Jansen, Carsten Konrad, Andrew T. Gloster, Alexander L. Gerlach, Andreas Ströhle, André Wittmann, Bettina Pfleiderer, Siegfried Gauggel, Ulrich Wittchen, Volker Arolt, Tilo Kircher
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG). It is unknown, how variants of CBT differentially modulate brain networks involved in PD/AG. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of therapist-guided (T+) versus self-guided (T-) exposure on the neural correlates of fear conditioning in PD/AG. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In a randomized, controlled multicenter clinical trial in medication-free patients with PD/AG who were treated with 12 sessions of manualized CBT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used during fear conditioning before (t1) and after CBT (t2). Quality-controlled fMRI data from 42 patients and 42 healthy subjects (HS) were obtained. Patients were randomized to two variants of CBT (T+, n = 22, and T-, n = 20). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The interaction of diagnosis (PD/AG, HS), treatment group (T+, T-), time point (t1, t2) and stimulus type (conditioned stimulus: yes, no) revealed activation in the left hippocampus and the occipitotemporal cortex. The T+ group demonstrated increased activation of the hippocampus at t2 (t2 &gt; t1), which was positively correlated with treatment outcome, and a decreased connectivity between the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left hippocampus across time (t1 &gt; t2). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; After T+ exposure, contingency-encoding processes related to the posterior hippocampus are augmented and more decoupled from processes of the left inferior frontal gyrus, previously shown to be dysfunctionally activated in PD/AG. Linking single procedural variants to neural substrates offers the potential to inform about the optimization of targeted psychotherapeutic interventions.
Effect of clarithromycin on lymphocytes in chronic respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Authors: K Yanagihara, K Tomono, T Sawai, Y Hirakata, J Kadota, H Koga, T Tashiro, S Kohno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In a newly established murine model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection mimicking diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), we investigated the effect of oral administration of clarithromycin on lymphocyte accumulation in the lung. Infection was produced by placement of a plastic tube precoated with P. aeruginosa in the bronchus. The number of bacteria on the tube was 6.25 +/- 0.22 log10 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml. Viable bacteria were constantly isolated at 10(5) to 10(6) cfu/specimen from the lungs for more than 1 yr. The histopathologic features resembled those of DPB consisting of massive accumulation of lymphocytes in the lung. The total number of pulmonary lymphocytes started to increase on Day 7, reaching a peak level within 12 d of intratracheal challenge. The number remained steady at that level for up to 120 d. There was also a steady fall in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the lungs, commencing on Day 7 and persisting to Day 120. A 10-d course of oral clarithromycin (10 mg/kg/d) from Day 7 resulted in a reduction of lymphocyte numbers to baseline level, although the dose did not influence the number of bacteria in the lungs. Treatment also increased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio to the baseline level from Day 7 to 17. Our results were similar to those detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with DPB and suggest that the therapeutic benefits of clarithromycin are due to its anti-inflammatory properties rather than antimicrobial effect.
Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: WILLIAM ANKOBIAH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1987Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeWILLIAM ANKOBIAH, M.D.WILLIAM ANKOBIAH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-5-772_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation for the duration of treatment of mycobacterial tuberculosis in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) seem to be at variance with the current American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendation. The resulting confusion needs to be resolved by the two bodies. Among other things, the CDC states "treatment may need to be longer than the standard duration of a month" (1). "Standard" duration is based on the old ATS recommendation (2). The current ATS recommendation gives two standards and accepts both the 6-month and the 9-month treatments (3). The ATS...References1. . Diagnosis and management of mycobacterial infection and disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:254-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1983;127:790-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986;134:355-63. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTuberculosis And Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 1 May 1987Volume 106, Issue 5Page: 772-773KeywordsAIDS Issue Published: 1 May 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
SURGERY OF THE STOMACH.
Authors: ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is the intention of this paper to present a brief review of the history and the present status of the surgery of the stomach. Although gastrotomy for the removal of a swallowed knife was done as early as 1602 by Matthis of Brandenburg, and gastrostomy for stricture of the esophagus was done by Sedillot in 1849, the surgery of the stomach can very properly be said to date from Billroth's successful pylorectomy made in February of 1881. Stomach surgery, therefore, has reached its majority; it is twenty-one years old. It has reached a stage in its development which enables us to estimate its present value and draw conclusions probably approximating the truth. Let us very briefly sketch its history. <h3>A BRIEF HISTORY OF STOMACH SURGERY.</h3> Billroth's successful pylorectomy of 1881 was preceded by an unsuccessful attempt by Pean in 1879, and by Rydygier in 1880. In
Technique of Compression in Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage
Authors: Herman L. Falsetti
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE SUCCESSFUL reversal of cardiac arrest by cardiopulmonary resuscitation has been well documented. The controversal question of whether external or internal cardiac massage is more effective has still not been solved. Recent evidence favors the use of open-chest cardiac massage if appropriaate facilities are available and the patient has not responded to 10 to 15 minutes of closed-chest massage.<sup>1</sup>Higher cardiac output with open-chest resuscitation has been shown in animals<sup>2</sup>as well as man.<sup>3</sup>The difference in part may be due to the lower mean arterial pressure obtained with external cardiac massage. With cardiac arrest and cessation of circulation, there is a sudden rise of venous pressure and a similar fall in arterial pressure so that the two equilibrate at 20 to 25 mm Hg.<sup>1</sup>If cardiac output is to follow traditional pressure flow relationships (flow = pressure/resistance) the mean arterial pressure must be higher than 25