tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A PIONEER PRECEPTOR
Authors: S. H. Corrigan
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —In his paper on surgical progress, Kanavel mentions Parkes as the preceptor of Albert J. Ochsner. Dr. Ochsner had another preceptor who influenced him to take one of the most important steps of his career. When he was a young man teaching school at Ironton, Wis., saving a few hundred dollars that he might proceed directly to medical college, he was blessed with the friendship of E. J. Lewis, the village doctor Dr. Lewis instructed the young man in anatomy and physiology and prevailed on him to enter the state university, where, in due time, he received the bachelor's degree in science. Dr. Lewis, himself a man of culture and descended through generations of a Connecticut family with root stock in Wales, was one of the men who thus early knew that success in medical work would increasingly require a higher degree of preliminary education. Without his
Complications of central venous cannulation
Authors: C R Pennington
Journal: BMJ (1988)

shoe size over 5 (p<OO5).Women over 155 cm tall had a 3% incidence of disproportion whereas women of 155 cm or less had an incidence of 18% (p<00005).More significantly, shoe size was more helpful in mothers of 155 cm or less.In this group the incidence ofcephalopelvic disproportion was 23% when the shoe size was less than 5 and 7% when the shoe size was 5 or over.By pointing out that mothers of short stature or small feet are at a higher risk of requiring abdominal delivery we are not suggesting that this should be done without a properly conducted and monitored trial of labour.
THE EFFECT OF CHICK EMBRYO EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Hubert Bloch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Aqueous extracts of 11-day-old chick embryos enhance the growth of tubercle bacilli in oleic acid-albumin media. These extracts also increase the tendency of virulent strains to exhibit the serpentine pattern of growth and confer this property on avirulent variants which normally grow unoriented in clumps. Growth in the presence of chick embryo extract slightly increases the virulence of the virulent strains but does not confer virulence on the avirulent variants.
A novel homozygous mutation 371delA in TGM1 leads to a classic lamellar ichthyosis phenotype
Authors: M. Akiyama, Y. Takizawa, Y. Suzuki, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Malformation of the cornified cell envelope (CCE) arising from mutations of the transglutaminase (TGase) 1 gene (TGM1) is the cause of some cases of lamellar ichthyosis (LI). However, genotype/phenotype correlation in TGM1 mutations has not yet been fully clarified. We report a typical case of LI caused by a novel mutation in TGM1. The patient, a 33-year-old woman, showed thick, lamellar scales on the entire body surface. Immunofluorescence labelling with anti-TGase 1 antibodies was negative in the patient's epidermis. In situ TGase activity assay detected markedly reduced TGase activity in granular layers of the patient's epidermis. Electron microscopy revealed incomplete thickening of the CCE during keratinization in the epidermis. Sequencing of the entire exons and exon-intron borders of TGM1 revealed that the patient was a homozygote for a novel deletion mutation 371delA in exon 3. This mutation leads to a frameshift resulting in a premature termination codon 43 bp downstream from the mutation site. According to the protein modelling of TGase 1, the truncated protein from this mutated allele loses the entire catalytic core domain of TGase 1. Thus, the present homozygous mutation is expected to cause total loss of TGase 1 activity, resulting in large, dark, lamellar scales on the entire body, the classic phenotype of LI, in this patient.
L-Dopa and Parkinsonism
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Levodopa is the best initial treatment for patients with parkinsonism. So conclude the 60 authorities who met in Quebec in November 1969 to present 80 papers on the drug and its use in paralysis agitans, postencephalitic parkinsonism, and parkinsonism due to other causes. Some of these contributors give their clinical experience in brief statements; others report extensive experiments in detail. Although redundancy and the lack of an index limit its use as a reference, this small volume says about everything there is to say at the present time on levodopa in parkinsonism. The book is divided into five sections. The first asks why all these patients do not respond to levodopa therapy. The various clinical series of Birkmayer, Cotzias, Markham, McDowell, Yahr, and others report that 6% to 29% of patients taking levodopa fail to improve at all; improvement in the remainder is variable. The next three sections examine the
Art: Outsider Art
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Musgrave Kinley Collection from the Irish Museum of Modern Art Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, until 2 June 2002 www.whitworth.man.ac.uk Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>. What is the last piece of art that you looked at? The chances are that it was in a gallery, produced by an art school graduate, and that it was worth a small fortune in the lucrative art market. Even if it was a radical or conceptual piece—a cow sliced in half, a pile of bricks—it was probably deeply rooted in a cosy art establishment. But there is another kind of art being made that is “exhibited” in psychiatric hospitals and orphanages, on prison walls, and in bus shelters and public lavatories. The artists are usually socially excluded, untrained, and often severely mentally ill. They are “outsiders”—not part of the sophisticated art world—expressing their inner lives through art, with no intention of becoming professionals. The Whitworth Art Gallery is showing one of the most important collections of such … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Advertising alcohol: does the Advertising Standards Authority exercise any control?
Authors: T Webb
Journal: BMJ (1984)

likely that more subjects with unidentified hyper- tension would tend to be classified as normotensive than the reverse, tending to inflate the normotensive group at the expense of the untreated hypertension group.Given all these uncertainties little can be concluded-for reasons which Dr Black and others may well understand but to which little lip service is paid.They acknowledge uncertainty in the prospective categorisation of stroke by reserving an "unknown" category but apparently are confident that retrospectively they have been able to identify patients' blood pressure state (normo- tensive, treated, or untreated hypertensive) with accuracy and without bias.(Even prospectively, how much risk to assign to a known blood pressure measurement and how to measure the adequacy of treatment are difficult questions.)
Effect of Clinical Risk Stratification on Cost-Effectiveness of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Authors: Robert Sheldon, Bernie J. O’Brien, Gordon Blackhouse, Ron Goeree, Brent Mitchell, George Klein, Robin S. Roberts, Michael Gent, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Three randomized clinical trials showed that implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) reduce the risk of death in survivors of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but the cost per year of life gained is high. A substudy of the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study (CIDS) showed that 3 clinical factors, age ≥70 years, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, and New York Heart Association class III, predicted the risk of death and benefit from the ICD. We estimated the extent to which selecting patients for ICD therapy based on these risk factors makes ICD therapy more economically attractive. Methods and Results Patients in CIDS were grouped according to whether they had ≥2 of 3 risk factors. Incremental cost-effectiveness of ICD therapy was computed as the ratio of the difference in mean cost to the difference in life expectancy between the 2 groups. Over 6.3 years, the mean cost per patient in the ICD group was Canadian (C) $87 715 versus $38 600 in the amiodarone group (C$1≈US$0.67). Life expectancy for the ICD group was 4.58 years versus 4.35 years for amiodarone, for an incremental cost-effectiveness of ICD therapy of C$213 543 per life-year gained. The cost per life-year gained in patients with ≥2 factors was C$65 195, compared with C$916 659 with &lt;2 risk factors. Conclusions The cost-effectiveness of ICD therapy varies by patient risk factor status. The use of ICD therapy in patients who have ≥2 risk factors of age ≥70 years, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, and NYHA class III is C$65 195 to gain a year of life.
Medical Instruction of the Laity in the Lay Press.
Authors: J. F. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Elmdale, Kan., June 14, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have watched with some interest the comment on Dr. Shastid's letter as it appeared in Vol. 28, No. 17, of theJournal. I can well see why it is a subject of no particular fascination to the profession, and why therefore it is so adversely criticised. It is not only in the columns of the professed advertiser, but also from the pens of men who from their positions successfully dispute the epithet of anything but leadership in the profession, that we have seen more than would be characterized by the term diplomacy. I refer to health officers of distinguished cities and heads of hospitals, public, endowed and private. However well meant some of these contributions (signed) to the lay press may be, they yet carry so much of the stigma of the advertiser that the profession can not fail to be
Decisions Regarding Treatment of Seriously Ill Newborns
Authors: Norman Fost
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Orthopedic Conditions
Authors: Adele L. Boskey
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Ongoing advances in orthopedics include discoveries of functions of matrix proteins, development of new implant materials that are more durable and more compatible with magnetic resonance imaging, and identification of genes causing musculoskeletal disorders and disease. The Human Genome Project will further clarify the genetic basis of specific musculoskeletal disorders, enhancing risk factor identification, diagnosis, and therapy. Engineered, cell-based materials will replace metals and plastics in implants, and new composite materials will promote bone in-growth.
CRETINISM OF EIGHT YEARS' STANDING.
Authors: RICHARD W. SOPER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

not use any form of speculum, I have devised a form of lid elevator, shown in the illustrations (Figs. 1 and2).It is a lid elevator, minus the handle, and in place of this I have used a small linked chain, which easily molds itself to the curve from the eye to the small shallow hook on the silver plate, attached to the band passing around the head.The hook of the lid elevator I am using is the same size as the one shown in the illustration (Fig. 2), and having the same curve.I found a more shallow hook was liable to turn out from under the lid if any considerable pressure was put on it.After this hook is in place I have the patient try to shut the eye, to make sure that it will stay in place.Should it come out, I reintroduce it and lift the lid one or two links more on the chain, as much as the patient can stand comfortably.Under these conditions this
Type of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Helen Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2008)

eDITORIaLS Smoking cessation in primary careEvidence does not support routine use of combination therapy with nortriptyline being looked at by the Neonatal Data Analysis Unit. 8 The unit was formed to support and develop the use of electronic clinical data for audit, service evaluation, surveys, and research.It is only with information on appropriately case mix adjusted outcomes in near contemporaneous cohorts that parents, clinicians, and governments will be able to make truly informed decisions.
The contribution of ischaemia to the development of microvascular incompetence in the myocardium
Authors: L. Maxwell, J. B. Gavin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article The contribution of ischaemia to the development of microvascular incompetence in the myocardium Get access Linda Maxwell, Linda Maxwell L Maxwell, J B Gavin, Department of Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Bevan Gavin John Bevan Gavin L Maxwell, J B Gavin, Department of Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 6, June 1991, Pages 491–495, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.6.491 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 29 November 1990 Accepted: 15 February 1991 Published: 01 June 1991
THC: 'transitional drug' for emesis therapy?
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Even after years of clinical and laboratory trials, the jury is still out on the health effects of marijuana. That was the consensus of a panel of experts who reviewed the morass of scientific literature on cannabinoids for the National Academy of Sciences' report<i>Marijuana and Health</i>, released in late February. Although a variety of short-term effects were evident to panel members, they were unable to make conclusions about how prolonged use of the drug would affect health and thus recommended "a greatly intensified and comprehensive program of research." Similar recommendations and conclusions were reached by Britain's Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs in a report released in March. True enough, US support of research has been sparse (about $4 million a year) on this, the most widely used illegal drug in the country. But the fact is that because of marijuana's known efficacy as an antiemetic, it has,
GUT-HORMONE PROFILE IN CŒLIAC DISEASE
Authors: H.S. Besterman, S.R. Bloom, D.L. Sarson, A.M. Blackburn, D.I. Johnston, H.R. Patel, J.S. Stewart, R. Modigliani, S. Guerin, C.N. Mallinson
Journal: The Lancet (1978)
SAVING LIFE OF CHILD DURING LABOR.
Authors: E. W. KEEGAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Napoleon asks the question, Is the route practicable? and the answer was, It is barely possible to pass. The obstetrician may well ask, Is the way ample? is the pelvis of the mother normal? We may have any degree of abnormality to the most complete dystocia, compelling us to say it is impossible for a living child to pass. It is generally believed an obstetrician's duty to perform Cæsarean section or symphysiotomy for the child's safety, knowing they are to-day safe operations if the technique of their performance is observed, and the mother's life is less jeopardized than by any other method of delivery. Theory has long held the view that, in making a sacrifice of life, that of the mother should be second to the child, nor can we expect professional support in declaring this a great injustice. Does not the mother, as a rational being, enter the marriage
Gastric rupture as a rare complication in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Gabriele Wurm Johansson, Artur Nemeth, Jörgen Nielsen, Tobias Axmarker, Stefan Santen, Henrik Thorlacius, Ervin Toth
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 76-year-old woman was referred for diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) because of melena and iron deficiency anemia without other symptoms of gastrointestinal disease. Although the patient was a smoker, she had no major signs of chronic obstructive lung disease with an oxygen saturation of 90 %. EGD with conscious sedation using midazolam was performed by a physician in training and supervised by an expert gastroenterologist.
Dialysis encephalopathy: recovery after interruption of aluminium intake.
Authors: M Poisson, R Mashaly, B Lebkiri
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Thrombocytopenia associated with legionnaires' diseaseLegionnaires' disease (LD) commonly presents as an acute and fulminating pneumonia.The causative organism is a Gram-negative pleomorphic bacillus.We report a case which was associated with a transient thrombocytopenia and cerebellar ataxia for which no other cause was found.
Endotoxaemia and acute pancreatitis: correlation between the severity of the disease and the anti-enterobacterial common antigen antibody titre.
Authors: E Kivilaakso, V V Valtonen, M Malkamaki, A Palmu, T Schroder, P Nikki, P H Makela, M Lempinen
Journal: Gut (1984)

Enterobacterial common antigen is a highly immunogenic component of the Gram negative bacterial cell wall that is common to all enteric bacteria. In the present study, the humoral antibody response against enteric bacteria was investigated by measuring antibodies to enterobacterial common antigen in paired serum samples in 38 patients with acute pancreatitis and in 31 healthy subjects. In mild pancreatitis (11 patients), no changes in anti-enterobacterial common antigen titres were observed as compared with healthy controls. Nine of the 10 patients had a significant increase (greater than or equal to 8 times) in anti-enterobacterial common antigen titres during the disease. Similarly, in patients with fulminant (haemorrhagic) pancreatitis who survived, a significant increase in anti-enterobacterial common antigen titres occurred during the course of the disease (in nine of the 11 patients). Paradoxically, only one of the six patients with fulminant pancreatitis with fatal outcome showed a significant increase in his anti-enterobacterial common antigen titre. The results suggest that Gram negative bacterial components escape into the systemic circulation in acute pancreatitis. This may have pathophysiologic significance in this disease.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene-deficient mice. I. Generation by homologous recombination and characterization.
Authors: P Carmeliet, L Kieckens, L Schoonjans, B Ream, A van Nuffelen, G Prendergast, M Cole, R Bronson, D Collen, R C Mulligan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Homozygous plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient (PAI-1-/-) mice were generated by homologous recombination in D3 embryonic stem cells. Deletion of the genomic sequences encompassing the transcription initiation site and the entire coding regions of murine PAI-1 was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis. A 3.0-kb PAI-1-specific mRNA was identified by Northern blot analysis in liver from PAI-1 wild type (PAI-1+/+) but not from PAI-1-/- mice. Plasma PAI-1 levels, measured 2-4 h after endotoxin (2.0 mg/kg) injection were 63 +/- 2 ng/ml, 30 +/- 10 ng/ml, and undetectable (< 2 ng/ml) in PAI-1+/+, heterozygous (PAI-1+/-) and PAI-1-/- mice, respectively (mean +/- SEM, n = 4-11). PAI-1-specific immunoreactivity was demonstrable in kidneys of PAI-1+/+ but not of PAI-1-/- mice. SDS-gel electrophoresis of plasma incubated with 125I-labeled recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator revealed an approximately 115,000-M(r) component with plasma from endotoxin-stimulated (0.5 mg/kg) PAI-1+/+ but not from PAI-1-/- mice, which could be precipitated with a polyclonal anti-PAI-1 antiserum. PAI-1-/- mice were viable, produced similar sizes of litters as PAI-1+/+ mice, and showed no apparent macroscopic or microscopic histological abnormalities.
Quantification of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Inflammation to Predict Coronary Events and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Stefan Möhlenkamp, Nils Lehmann, Susanne Moebus, Axel Schmermund, Nico Dragano, Andreas Stang, Johannes Siegrist, Klaus Mann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Oestrogen-like effect of ginseng.
Authors: R Punnonen, A Lukola
Journal: BMJ (1980)

pump B off and pump A on, thus restarting the cycle.Dialyser blood compartment pressure fluctuates by less than 10 mm Hg during the cycle.Six patients were studied.They were dialysed for six hours thrice weekly using Meltec Multipoint 1-0 m2 dialysers, Dylade DII monitors able to produce positive dialysate pressure, and standard 15G needles with back eye.Dietary protein, sodium, potassium, and fluid intake were defined for each patient and remained constant.When conditions were stable single-needle dialysis was used for four weeks followed by two-needle dialysis for four weeks.During the first four-week period pump A was adjusted to give the maximum possible rate of inflow to the sac and pump B to provide a venous line pressure of 200 mm Hg.During two-needle dialysis maximum achievable blood flow was used.All patients preferred the single single-needle system and no technical problems were encountered.Mean (± SEM) blood flow rate was only slightly lower during single needle dialysis (1919 ±2-1 ml/min) than
Rosiglitazone: a case of regulatory hubris
Authors: S. E. Nissen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The FDA’s defensiveness over its decisions means further drug safety disasters may occur



The recent announcement by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lifting restrictions on the prescription of rosiglitazone is the latest twist in a tortured saga dating back more than a decade.1 Rosiglitazone was approved in 1999 to treat type 2 diabetes, on the basis of results of small and limited duration studies designed primarily to show that this drug lowered blood glucose concentrations.2 At this time the regulatory requirements for approval of antidiabetes drugs emphasized reduction in glycemic indices as the principal basis for approval, not improvement in health outcomes. 

Although the pre-approval studies were small, they showed two disturbing findings: that rosiglitazone raised concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by a mean of 18.6%; and that there was an excess number of ischemic cardiovascular events, approaching significance (hazard ratio 1.8 (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 3.6)). The US regulators approved the drug, but European authorities insisted on a post-approval clinical outcome trial, known as the RECORD (rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes and regulation of glycemia in diabetes) trial.

After approval, the drug, marketed as Avandia, rapidly became a huge money maker for GlaxoSmithKline, eventually becoming the largest selling antidiabetes drug in the world. But something was clearly wrong. In 2005, at the insistence of the World Health Organization, GSK performed a meta-analysis of all …