tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Ultrastructure of the Heart in Systole and Diastole
Authors: EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, JOHN ROSS, JAMES W. COVELL, HENRY M. SPOTNITZ, DAVID SPIRO
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The relations between ultrastructure and function have been examined in the canine left ventricle under known hemodynamic conditions. Left ventricles of normal dogs were fixed acutely by rapid perfusions of the coronary arteries in either diastole or systole, and also following acute ventricular distension, or potentiation of contraction. Sarcomere lengths at the midwall of the left ventricle averaged 2.07 µ at end diastole and 1.81 µ at end systole, changes that are adequate to explain the degree of normal ventricular emptying. Following marked ventricular emptying induced by postextrasystolic potentiation, sarcomeres shortened to an average of 1.60 µ; with acute ventricular distension resulting from over-transfusion, average sarcomere length in diastole increased to 2.25 µ. In each instance, sarcomere lengths correlated with the changes in sarcomere length predicted from changes in the dimensions of a thick-walled sphere. The importance of dispersion of sarcomere length within a given layer of the ventricular wall was noted and its potential significance discussed.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Monitoring of Radiation Therapeutic Effect in Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Kazuyoshi Suga, Yasuhiko Kawakami, Atsuto Hiyama, Kenji Hori
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the F-18 FDG PET/CT findings in a 59-year-old man with a rare hepatic tumor of malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, who was treated with radiotherapy (RT). This patient had multifocal discrete hepatic tumors, and PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in these nodules, regardless of poor enhancement on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Seven months after RT to the 2 relatively large nodules, the intense FDG uptake disappeared in these nodules, while the remaining untreated nodule showed persistently intense uptake. RT is one of the options for treatment of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. F-18 FDG PET/computed tomography appears to be useful for monitoring the effect of RT in this neoplasm.
Lipoprotein(a). A genetic risk factor for premature coronary heart disease
Authors: A. M. Scanu
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) can be defined as a lipoprotein particle having as a protein moiety apolipoprotein B-100 (the protein associated with low-density lipoprotein) disulfide-linked to apolipoprotein(a), the distinctive glycoprotein of Lp(a) that is homologous to plasminogen. Several forms of Lp(a) occur in the circulation. This polymorphism is related to the apolipoprotein(a) size heterogeneity that is controlled by the several alleles of the apolipoprotein(a) gene. High plasma levels of Lp(a) have been correlated with an increased risk for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease by a mechanism that is as yet undefined. Pathogenicity may also derive from Lp(a) particles that have been modified by events believed to occur when Lp(a), after traversing the artery endothelium, reaches the intima. Aside from several promising leads, there are no universally accepted ways to lower high plasma Lp(a) levels. At this time, it is best to target efforts toward the modifiable risk factors by using appropriate diets and exercise programs and, whenever necessary, drug therapy.
Abstract PR1: Oncogenic ETS over-expression mimics RAS/MAPK signaling in prostate cells
Authors: Peter C. Hollenhorst, Mary W. Ferris, Megan A. Hull, Heejoon Chae, Sun Kim, Barbara J. Graves
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The aberrant expression of an oncogenic ETS transcription factor is implicated in the progression of the majority of prostate cancers. The prostate cancer chromosomal rearrangements that drive over-expression are associated with one of four ETS genes, ERG, ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5. It is not clear how these four oncogenic ETS genes differ from the numerous other ETS genes expressed in normal prostate. We report that these oncogenic ETS proteins, but not other ETS factors, enhance prostate cell migration. Genome-wide binding analysis matched this specific biological function to occupancy of a unique set of genomic sites highlighted by the presence of ETS and AP-1 binding sequences. ETS/AP-1 binding sequences are prototypical RAS-responsive elements, but oncogenic ETS proteins activated a RAS/MAPK transcriptional program in the absence of MAPK activation. Thus, overexpression of oncogenic ETS proteins can replace RAS/MAPK pathway activation in prostate cells. The genomic description of this ETS/AP-1 regulated, RAS-responsive, gene expression program provides a resource for understanding the role of ETS factors in both prostate cancer and other cancers with either ETS or RAS pathway mutations. This abstract is also presented as Poster B26. Citation Format: Peter C. Hollenhorst, Mary W. Ferris, Megan A. Hull, Heejoon Chae, Sun Kim, Barbara J. Graves. Oncogenic ETS overexpression mimics RAS/MAPK signaling in prostate cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PR1.
Abstract 5114: Multi-organ metastatic capability of 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells after surgical resection of primary orthotopic tumor.
Authors: Yong Zhang, Nan Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman, Ming Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We report an optically imageable orthotopic metastatic syngeneic model of 4T1 mouse breast cancer expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). 4T1 cells, expressing RFP, were injected orthotopically into the right second mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice. The primary tumor was removed on day-18 after tumor implantation, when the average tumor volume reached approximate 500-600 mm3. At autopsy, the 4T1-RFP was found to have metastasized to numerous organs, when the mice were sacrificed 6-8 weeks after cell implantation, including the lung in 91% of the animals, the lymph nodes in 100% of the animals including axillary nodes, the liver in 91% of the animals, the bone in 42% of the animals and the brain in 25% of the animal. Detailed fluorescence analysis visualized extensive metastasis in the thoracic cavity and the lymphatic system. Large metastatic nodules in the lung involved most of the pulmonary parenchyma in all lobes. Lymph node metastasis was found mainly in the axillary area. In the liver, fluorescent macroscopic metastatic nodules were found under the capsule. The metastatic pattern in the model thus reflected clinical highly metastatic breast cancer and enables drug discovery for this disease. Citation Format: Yong Zhang, Nan Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman, Ming Zhao. Multi-organ metastatic capability of 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells after surgical resection of primary orthotopic tumor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5114. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5114
345 INHIBITION OF HCV CELL CULTURE INFECTIOUS VIRUS AND DRUG RESISTANT REPLICONS BY INTRABODIES
Authors: M. Gal-Tanamy, R. Zemel, L. Bachmetov, R. Jangra, R. Villanueva, M. Yi, S. Lemon, I. Benhar, R. Tur-Kaspa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Criteria for Screening the Hypertensive Patient With Renal-Artery Occlusion
Authors: C. Allen Wall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An orderly search for a surgically correctable vascular lesion is necessary in the diagnostic evaluation of the hypertensive patient. A series of 210 cases were evaluated with a view toward appraising the relative merits of the intravenous pyelogram, radioisotope renogram, renal arteriogram, and differential renal-clearance studies as screening procedures. With a normal intravenous urogram and a normal renogram, one can be reasonably assured that a surgically correctable vascular lesion due to atheroma is not present. When either the pyelogram or the renogram is abnormal, the hypertensive patient should have a renal arteriogram. When an operable vascular lesion is anatomically demonstrated on the arteriogram, the work performance of the individual kidneys should be determined with split renal-clearance studies before the patient is considered as a candidate for vascular-reconstructive surgery.
Hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: L. LeLeu, E M. Shanahan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<b>Aim:</b> To examine the histology of preserved anterior lens capsule in vitrectomised and lensectomised rabbit eyes with and without silicone oil tamponade. <b>Methods:</b> Forty adult Japanese albino rabbits received two port vitrectomy and lensectomy with or without silicone oil tamponade in one eye under both general and topical anaesthesia. Anterior lens capsule was preserved during operation. After healing intervals residual anterior capsule was histologically observed under light or electron microscopy. <b>Results:</b> Immediately after operation, cuboidal lens epithelial cells were observed on the posterior surface of the preserved anterior capsule. During healing intervals in eyes with or without silicone oil tamponade, regenerated lens structure of Sommerring’s ring and fibrous tissue formed in the peripheral and central areas of the residual capsule, respectively. Ultrastructural observation revealed the presence of many vacuoles amid matrix accumulation on the posterior capsular surface, suggesting the deposition of emulsified silicone oil droplets. <b>Conclusion:</b> Lens epithelial cells produce regenerated lenticular structure and fibrous tissue on the residual capsule following vitrectomy and lensectomy in rabbits. Silicone oil droplets formed by its emulsification deposit in extracellular matrix accumulated on the posterior surface of the anterior capsule. Emulsified silicone may potentially enhance opacification of residual anterior capsule following pars plana vitrectomy by silicone oil deposition and subsequent activation of lens epithelial cells.
P5-07-03: Modulation of Autophagic Activity by Extracellular pH.
Authors: T Xu, H Su, S Ganapathy, Z-M Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Reprogramming energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, a common feature of human cancer, results in a relative acidic tumor microenvironment which is further accentuated by hypoxia operating within most tumors. We report that alteration of extracellular pH induces marked and rapid changes of autophagic activity in a variety of cell lines including mammary non-transformed cells and breast cancer cells. Interestingly, acidic and basic conditions induce completely opposite effect on autophagy, with its activity suppressed at lower pH whereas stimulated at higher pH. Gene knockdown experiments indicate that pH induced-autophagy requires Beclin 1, Vps34 and ATG5, key components of the autophagy pathway. Of note, acidic condition not only inhibits the basal but also blocks starvation-induced autophagy activity. Significantly, examination of different areas of tumor mass reveals a lower autophagic activity within the inner region than the outer region. These findings have important implications on the connections between autophagy and cancer as well as a wide range of other physiological and pathological processes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-03.
Psychophysiological Responses of Borderline Hypertensives in Two Experimental Situations
Authors: Th. Köhler, N. Scherbaum, Th. Ritz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

Given the contradictory reports concerning psychophysiological reactivity of hypertensives this issue was reexamined. In contrast to the large majority of studies, the hypertensive sample should not be made up of patients in medical care and the control group should be comparable in all relevant aspects other than blood pressure. Twelve male subjects with blood pressure values in the borderline range and 12 normotensive controls were recruited from a blood donation program. Experiments consisted of two parts with baseline, stress and follow-up. Stressors were a short distressing movie and mental arithmetic. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL) and number of spontaneous electrodermal fluctuations (SF) were assessed in 2-min intervals, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline once during baselines, stress 2 and follow-up 2. Hypertensives exhibited significantly higher SPB levels, and partially elevated values for DBP, HR and SCL. Response reactions to stressors, however, did not differ between groups. There was no evidence that psychophysiological adaptation during stress and recovery thereafter was impaired in hypertensives. Our results do not support the reactivity hypothesis of hypertension. Possible reasons for our failure to replicate findings from other studies are discussed.
Use of Routine Viral Cultures at Delivery to Identify Neonates Exposed to Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: C G Prober, P A Hensleigh, F D Boucher, L L Yasukawa, D S Au, A M Arvin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We obtained specimens for viral culture from mothers, infants, or both at the time of 6904 deliveries, without regard to the mothers' history of genital herpes. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was recovered in cultured specimens from 14 of the 6904 deliveries (0.20 percent); all 14 mothers were asymptomatic. All viral isolates were herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Only 1 of the 14 women (7 percent) had a history of genital herpes, whereas 12 (86 percent) had serologic evidence of a previous infection with HSV-2. None of the infants born to these 12 women contracted neonatal herpes. However, one of the two infants born to women with serologic evidence of a primary HSV infection at the time of delivery contracted neonatal herpes. Our findings show that most infants at risk of exposure to HSV at delivery will not be identified if concern about asymptomatic shedding of virus is limited to women with a history of genital herpes infection. Most neonatal exposure to an asymptomatic maternal HSV infection at delivery is not predictable or preventable. Therefore, physicians caring for newborns need to consider neonatal herpes in the differential diagnosis when infants become ill during the first weeks of life, regardless of the presence or absence of identifiable risk factors for HSV infection.
Prospective evaluation of thracic-duct drainage in the treatment of respiratory failure complicating severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: T. Dugernier, M. S. Reynaert, G. Deby-Dupont, J. J. Roeseler, M. Carlier, J. P. Squifflet, C. Deby, J. Pincemail, M. Lamy, S. De Maeght, P. J. Kestens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1989)
THE NEUTRALIZATION OR DESTRUCTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN BY TISSUE
Authors: Augustus Wadsworth, Ella N. Hoppe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

As determined by the intracutaneous test in guinea pigs, diphtheria toxin is not altered in the presence of cardiac tissue obtained from the fetal or from the adult heart of the guinea pig. Tissue cultures were apparently uninjured by the presence of the toxin in the dilutions used in these experiments, and, when washed with embryo extract after removal of the diluted toxin, continued to grow. Embryonic guinea pig cardiac muscle tissue growing in cultures in vitro possesses the power of neutralizing, binding, or destroying diphtheria toxin so that it is no longer toxic for normal guinea pigs. Such neutralization takes place through the intervention of growing tissue and is a property which is lacking in similar surviving tissue not in a state of cultivation. Thus, it appears that the living, growing cells of the tissues neutralize or destroy limited quantities of toxin; only when the quantity of toxin exceeds a certain limit is its action injurious.
Test for Occult Blood
Authors: A. G. Ogilvie
Journal: BMJ (1952)

The term Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) encompasses a group of inherited connective tissue disorders. The manifestations of EDS can be seen in skin, joints, blood vessels and internal organs and vary from mild to severe and life threatening. Each subtype is a separate and different condition. The genetic basis of many subtypes has now been elucidated, confirming heterogeneity. An awareness of the different conditions within this group is the starting point towards accurate diagnosis. Accurate elicitation of history and clinical signs is vital in selecting the correct confirmatory investigation. Skin biopsy with electron microscopy can be helpful in the decision process of whether and when to perform genetic testing. Correct diagnosis within the EDSs allows targeted management, family screening and prenatal diagnosis.
The coronary care controversy.
Authors: J D Hill, J R Hampton, J R Michell
Journal: BMJ (1980)

diastolic hypertension may be expected to be one-third to a half of those with a casual elevation of pressure1 2-that is, less than two million.We cannot condone the indiscriminate labelling of persons as hypertensive when they have only a transient anxiety-related rise in blood pressure.These patients, if treated, may experience a marked reduction in blood pressure and such treatment may not be in the best interests of the patients.As Anderson has shown,3 from the Framingham data, cardiovascular events do not increase until the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90-99 mm Hg.There may be no benefit from reducing lower levels of diastolic pressure.
Paediatric resuscitation. Chart needs evaluating in different specialties.
Authors: P Curry
Journal: BMJ (1993)

be made to the incidence of rheumatic fever or suppurative complications.'We sugest that much better evidence of benefit is required before the cost of antibiotics prescribed for suspected strepto- coccal sore throat is increased up to twofold (the British National Formulary (March 1993) gives the cost of non-proprietary amoxycillin 250 mg as 3 7p and of phenoxymethylpenicillin 250 mg as 1-7p).
The role of diet in the treatment of a patient with urticaria and urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Michelle M. Epstein, Kalman L. Watsky, Robert A. Lanzi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)

Urticarial vasculitis is characterized by an urticarialike rash, usually associated with hypocomplementemia, high circulating immune complexes, and negative or low antinuclear antibody (ANA). 1, 2 The skin lesions are painful, nonpruritic nodules, usually nonblanching, and may be associated with arthralgias, arthritis, abdominal pain, fever, or uveitis. They persist for more than 24 hours and tend to be episodic. The characteristic features of vasculitis include endothelial swelling, hemorrhage, fibrin deposition, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate with leukocytoclasis, intimal proliferation with fibrosis and scarring of the media, and occasionally granulomatous changes in the postcapil lary venules. 2 In contrast, true IgE-mediated urticaria is usually pruritic, transient, and migratory. The lesions are typically raised, erythematous, well circumscribed papules associated with an evanescent area of edema. Histologic characteristics include dermal edema and a perivascular infiltrate of lymphocytes , with the occasional eosinophil. Histologically, intermediate cases between urticaria and urticarial vasculitis have been identified and range from a dermal infiltrate of neutrophils without vasculitis to a neutrophilic venulitis without fibrinoid deposits, hemorrhage, or leukocytoclasis to a true leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 2' 3 This suggests that urticaria and urticarial vasculitis form a disease cont inuum?' 5 We present an unusual case of a patient with concomitant urticarial vasculitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria who had complete remission while on an elimination diet.
Interleukin-22, interleukin-17, and other cytokines: A wall is coming down
Authors: Patrick Bertolino
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22) is primarily expressed by T helper 17 (Th17) CD4(+) T cells and is highly upregulated during chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-22 receptor expression is absent on immune cells, but is instead restricted to the tissues, providing signaling directionality from the immune system to the tissues. However, the role of IL-22 in inflammatory responses has been confounded by data suggesting both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Herein, we provide evidence that during inflammation, IL-22 played a protective role in preventing tissue injury. Hepatocytes from mice deficient in IL-22 were highly sensitive to the detrimental immune response associated with hepatitis. Additionally, IL-22-expressing Th17 cells provided protection during hepatitis in IL-22-deficient mice. On the other hand, interleukin-17 (IL-17), which is coexpressed with IL-22 and can induce similar cellular responses, had no observable role in liver inflammation. Our data suggest that IL-22 serves as a protective molecule to counteract the destructive nature of the immune response to limit tissue damage.
A RARE LUXATION AT THE ELBOW.
Authors: J. J. CONNER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Mr. T. P., aged 22, on October 11, 1885, about the middle of the afternoon, while in company with another young man, was driving a buggy along the line of the Wabash railway near Palmer, 111., when the horse took fright at a passing train and ran off, upset the buggy and threw them both out; T. P. alighted upon his hands and head. On examination there was found on him a slight laceration of the skin just below the right corner of the mouth and a small contusion of the right cheek. The right elbow was enormously swollen on the inner and anterior side just below the crease of the elbow joint, or rather where the crease should be; the arm was bent outward,<i>i. e.</i>, convex on the inner side and concave on the outer side.<i>The head of the radius ivas found to be under the tendons</i>