tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emphysematous Cholecystitis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hypolito P. Carvalho
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ACUTE EMPHYSEMATOUS cholecystitis is an uncommon disease which was first reported by Welch and Flexner<sup>1</sup>in 1896 as an autopsy finding, the causative organism was<i>Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus (Clostridium perfringens)</i>. Stolz<sup>2</sup>in 1901 described gas in the gallbladder and biliary ducts as an autopsy finding in three patients. Lobinger<sup>3</sup>in 1908 found gas in the gallbladder lumen associated with intramural gas in a patient who was operated on for acute cholecystitis. The first roentgenographic findings were described by von Friederich<sup>4</sup>in 1929, and Hegner<sup>5</sup>in 1931 made the first reported roentgenographic diagnosis in the US by describing the circumferential layer of gas in the gallbladder wall. Edinburgh and Geffen<sup>6</sup>in 1958 reviewed 49 cases published in the world literature and added one of their own. Among these 50 patients, the incidence of diabetes was 24% and that of biliary calculi was 80%. Marshall and
Protecting the Health of the Public — Institute of Medicine Recommendations on Drug Safety
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Sheila P. Burke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Bruce Psaty on the Institute of Medicine's recent recommendations for improving drug safety. (06:49)Download Soon after rofecoxib had been withdrawn from the market in September 2004, hearings of the Senate Finance Committee and editorials in the lay and medical press raised serious questions about drug safety in the United States. In response, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to assess the U.S. drug-safety system. The IOM assembled a diverse panel of experts without ostensible bias or conflict of interest, none of whom were pharmaceutical industry employees. The committee, on which we served, reviewed published literature, held open meetings, and . . .
Identification of disease activity and health status cut-off points for the symptom state acceptable to patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: T Heiberg, T K Kvien, P Mowinckel, D Aletaha, J S Smolen, K B Hagen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Established thresholds for low levels of disease activity need to be examined from a patients' perspective. <h3>Objective:</h3> To identify new cut-off points for patients' perception of satisfactory condition (patient acceptable symptom state (PASS)) in composite indices and patient-reported outcomes, and to examine the agreement between the new PASS cut-off points for composite indices and existing thresholds for remission, low and moderate disease activity. <h3>Methods:</h3> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis from a treatment register (n = 1496, 72.1% women, mean (SD) age 53.9 (13.5) years, disease duration 7.6 (9.1) years, 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) 4.98 (1.36)) responded during follow-up (12, 24 and 52 weeks) to a global dichotomised question on satisfactory condition (PASS). New PASS cut-off points were identified with the 75th centile estimation and receiver operating characteristic analyses for a variety of outcome measures, and cut-off points for composite indices were examined for agreement with the low disease activity threshold (1.625) of the Patient Activity Scale (PAS) and thresholds for remission, low and moderate disease activity in DAS28, Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). <h3>Results:</h3> New PASS cut-off points for DAS28, SDAI and CDAI were in the moderate range of disease activity, and the cut-off point was 3.56 for PAS. Agreement between thresholds for disease activity levels and the PASS cut-off points was best for low disease activity (accuracy 64.5–74.6), and better for moderate disease activity (accuracy 61.3–67.2) than for remission (accuracy 30.7–45.8). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The current PASS concept seems to be in the range of moderate disease activity.
Relation of Abnormal Proteins to Formed Elements of Blood: Cellular Sources
Authors: W C Levin, S E Ritzmann
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1965)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
The fourth United States-Japan meeting on the toxicological characterization of environmental chemicals.
Authors: T Damstra, Y Kurokawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This report summarizes the discussion of the Third U.S.-Japan Meeting on the Toxicological Characterization of Environmental Chemicals held under the auspices of the U.S.-Japan cooperative in research and development in science and technology. Recent data on the interrelationships between toxicity, cell proliferation, and carcinogenicity are presented.
Prominent ears: a Celtic perspective
Authors: W. Linnard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Summary: We report the imaging findings in two patients with proliferating trichilemmal tumors. In the first patient, the tumor arose on the lower lip, a very unusual location for this type of tumor, and showed malignant transformation with metastasis to a regional lymph node. It was seen as a poorly marginated soft-tissue mass with isointense signal on T1-weighted MR images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images. Large areas of high signal intensity caused by necrosis were also found within the tumor on T2-weighted images. After IV administration of contrast material, the mass showed significant enhancement, with considerable portions remaining unenhanced. In the second patient, the tumor originated from a preexisting trichilemmal cyst and occurred in the hair-bearing area of the posterior part of the neck. CT scans showed a well-encapsulated cystic mass that contained multiple speckled calcifications in a wall of variable thickness. There were several foci of smooth soft-tissue elevations from the inner wall of the mass, which corresponded histologically to proliferating portions of trichilemmal cyst.
Enraged about radiotherapy
Authors: K Sikora
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The use ofradiotherapy in treating breast cancer has meant that many women are able to avoid mastec- tomy, which is both physically and psychologically damaging.The side effects of radiotherapy, how- ever, are given little attention.Many women have developed brachial plexus injury after radiotherapy for breast cancer, often resulting in severe pain and loss of use of the arm.There is no effective treatment for this injury and little help can be offered.In addition, many of the women did not require radiotherapy of nodal areas.A pressure group has been formed to support these women, to establish the right to compensation, and to ensure that radiotherapy regimens given to future patients will not damage the brachial plexus.Radiotherapy is an essential treatment for many women with breast cancer.Irradiation of the breast and surrounding draining lymph nodes after surgical removal of the primary tumour means that many women do not need the more mutilating procedure of mastectomy, which has an increased risk of local recurrence.'Unfortunately, radiotherapy can produce
IMMUNITY TO YELLOW FEVER ENCEPHALITIS OF MONKEYS AND MICE IMMUNIZED BY NEURAL AND EXTRANEURAL ROUTES
Authors: John P. Fox
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Monkeys and mice surviving cerebral infection with yellow fever virus of relatively avirulent strains have been found to resist maximal intracerebral doses of yellow fever virus of a highly neurotropic strain. Such animals, however, do not resist more than very small doses of intracerebrally inoculated virus of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Animals immunized by extraneural routes, on the other hand, are not uniformly resistant to neural infection with neurotropic yellow fever virus. Monkeys which have undergone systemic infection with virus of the avirulent 17D strain or of several jungle strains resist only small intracerebral doses of neurotropic virus; while mice, even when possessed of very high serum-antibody levels as the result of intraperitoneal hyperimmunization, manifest only an irregular resistance to intracerebral challenge inocula. The difference in the resistance of neurally and extraneurally immunized animals is not related to similar differences in the levels of protective antibody in the sera. Indeed, the average of the serum-antibody titers of the hyperimmune mice is several times that of the intracerebral immunes. A possibly significant relation does exist, however, between the resistance of mice to neural infection and the content of protective antibody in the brain. The protective activity of suspensions of brains from mice surviving cerebral infection was found to be several times that of brain suspensions from the hyperimmunized animals. It is concluded that the superior resistance to neural infection of animals whose immunity results from a previous non-fatal infection of the nervous system is effected by a specific local mechanism which is based at least in part upon an increased concentration of antibody in the cerebral tissue.
LIM kinase-1 selectively promotes glycoprotein Ib-IX–mediated TXA2 synthesis, platelet activation, and thrombosis
Authors: Brian Estevez, Aleksandra Stojanovic-Terpo, M. Keegan Delaney, Kelly A. O’Brien, Michael C. Berndt, Changgeng Ruan, Xiaoping Du
Journal: Blood (2013)
Counterpulsation From the Skeletal Muscle Ventricle and the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in the Normal and Failing Circulations
Authors: Ian R. Ramnarine, Massimo Capoccia, Zoe Ashley, Hazel Sutherland, Michael Russold, Nuala Summerfield, Stanley Salmons, Jonathan C. Jarvis
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is the device that is in most common use to provide cardiovascular support. A skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV) was configured to produce counterpulsation in the thoracic aorta similar to that obtained with an IABP. The hemodynamic effects of an IABP and a SMV in the same animal and in both normal and failing circulations were assessed.SMVs were connected to and IABPs were placed in the thoracic aorta of 12 anesthetized pigs. Hemodynamic parameters during the IABP- or the SMV-assisted beat were compared with those during the preassist beat. Acute heart failure was induced in 6 of the pigs by snaring the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The hemodynamic effects of the IABP and the SMV were then reassessed. In the assisted cycles, SMV activation increased the mean aortic diastolic pressure (MADP) by 26.5+/-3.5%, the mean diastolic LAD flow by 48.4+/-7.2%, and endocardial viability ratio (EVR) by 31.6+/-3.8% (P<0.0001). In the same animals, IABP assist increased MADP by 19.8+/-2.3%, mean diastolic LAD flow by 37.2+/-3.9%, and EVR by 21.4+/-3.0% (P<0.0001). Under acute heart failure conditions, both SMV and IABP assist significantly increased MADP, mean diastolic LAD flow, and EVR.In both the normal and failing circulations, the SMV was an effective counterpulsator, providing cardiac assist that was at least equal to that available from an IABP. The SMV may therefore provide the proven benefits of an IABP in ambulant patients.
The Effect of Dicumarol on the Transvascular Exchange of T-1824-Labeled Protein in Rabbits
Authors: THOMAS E. NELSON, ELIA CASTRONOVA, CHESTER HYMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The effect of Dicumarol on the peritoneal transvascular transfer of T-1824-labeled plasma protein was investigated in the intact rabbit by a specially designed method. A significantly increased transfer rate was found in animals given two injections of Dicumarol 48 and 24 hours prior to testing; but determinations made 3 hours after a single injection demonstrated variable susceptibility to the drug. Prothrombin levels were depressed in every case.
Recruitment is ethical
Authors: D. Mellor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

NHS international fellowships were launched by the Department of Health in February 2002 to give experienced consultants the opportunity to come and work in the NHS in England for two years. This is in addition to the campaign we launched in August 2001 to recruit consultants and general practitioners from around the world into substantive posts. So far, 304 doctors have been recruited through the campaigns, 82 of whom come from India.

Most doctors have been recruited as international fellows and …
Should Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia Be Treated in Patients With Septic Shock?
Authors: Greet Van den Berghe
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4313: A novel endoplasmic reticulum protein promotes cancer invasion/metastasis
Authors: Nikki A. Evensen, Cem Kuscu, Ashleigh Pulkoski-Gross, Hoang-Lan Nguyen, Stanley Zucker, Jian Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of cancer cell invasion, much of this complex cellular process remains a mystery, ultimately hindering advancements in treatment strategies targeting metastasis. Here we report the vital role of a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein identified by a PCR-subtraction hybridization technique, designated Cancer ER Invasion Gene (CERIG), in cancer cell migration and invasion. Clinical relevance of CERIG is highlighted by upregulation of CERIG in human invasive breast cancer specimens examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, as well as increased expression in various forms of human cancer as determined by data mining. This up-regulation of CERIG correlates with poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer assessed by a DNA microarray data-mining approach from three publicly available cohorts containing a total of 696 breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, increased CERIG in solid tumors is linked to hypoxia-induced activation of CERIG promoter via the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α. Silencing of CERIG in an aggressive breast cancer cell line disrupted mesenchymal morphogenesis in vitro, resulting in a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and interfered with cancer metastasis in vivo. Employing both gain- and loss-of-function approaches, CERIG was found to induce cancer cell migration and invasion. Enhanced cell migration required CERIG retention within the ER, where this 160 kDa protein forms a complex with an ER chaperone protein, GRP78/BiP. The minimal protein domain required for ER retention was identified using a mutagenesis approach. Furthermore, fusion of the ER-retention domain to a soluble matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) prevents the secretion of the MMP and retained it in the ER. Overexpression of CERIG in cells results in diminished ER and increased cytoplasmic calcium levels, suggesting a role for CERIG in ER calcium leakage. Furthermore, chelating intracellular calcium abrogates CERIG induced cell migration. The induction of cell migration via CERIG was found to involve a CERIG-BiP-ER calcium leakage-PKC-MAPK pathway. Our data indicate that CERIG, as a novel ER resident protein, plays an important role in cancer progression, serving as a novel cell migration-promoting gene. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4313. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4313
European Medicines Agency changes policy on clinical trial data publication
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The London based European Medicines Agency (EMA) is changing its data sharing policy after criticism from the European ombudsman Emily O’Reilly, Labour MEP Glenis Willmott, the AllTrials campaign, and researchers, patients, and the public.

At its management board meeting on 12 June, the agency agreed to a proposal from executive director Guido Rasi to remove the access restriction in its data sharing policy from on screen only to allow researchers to download, save, and print clinical study reports for academic and non-commercial research purposes.

In addition, the board agreed to allow the agency …
792. Canine Mini-Dystrophin Gene Transfer by AAV1 in mdx Mice Ameliorates Dystrophic Pathology and Protects Membrane Integrity
Authors: Bing Wang, Juan Li, Liqiao Zhou, Chunping Qiao, Mengnan Tian, Tong Zhu, Janet Bogan, Joseph Kornegay, Xiao Xiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disorders, affecting one in 3,500 males. No efficacious treatment is currently available for DMD. While the mdx mouse is the most widely used small animal model for DMD, the large animal model, golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog, displays more similarities to human DMD patients in clinical and pathological characteristics. Therefore, the GRMD dog is considered a clinically more relevant and therapeutically more challenging DMD model.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS IN NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS WITH SEVERE LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Danai Kitkungvan, Pimprapa Vejpongsa, Rajeev Fernando, Syed Yusuf, Cezar Iliescu, Jose Banchs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Use of Pentolinium Tartrate with and without Hydralazine in the Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: H. Mitchell Perry, Henry A. Sghroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PENTOLINIUM tartrate is a pentamethonium derivative in which the two terminal quaternary nitrogen atoms are included in a pyrrolidine ring rather than each being trimethylated: This substance is an autonomiC blocking agent like its parent methonium compound. It is longer acting and has greater absolute effect on blood pressure, coupled with a relatively smaller effect on gastrointestinal motility, than the hexamethonium ion.1 2 3 Pentolinium tartrate has been used alone to lower blood pressure and thereby to permit regression of the signs and symptoms associated with severe hypertension.4 5 6 For the malignant phase of hypertension, with its poor prognosis,7 8 9 the combination of hydralazine . . .
Birth Control and Controlling Birth: Women-Centered Perspectives
Authors: Mona M. Shangold
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This emotionally charged book emerged from the conference on Ethical Issues in Human Reproduction Technology: Analysis by Women, which was held in June 1979 at Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. Both this volume and the conference on which it was based address problems and dilemmas encountered in the delivery of health care to women, primarily centered on ethical issues related to obstetrics and gynecology. The main messages are that women are underrepresented in making decisions about the reproductive technologies of which they are the principal consumers and that women often are the recipients of inferior and inappropriate health care. Although this work presumably attempts to present a representative collection of views on the subject, what has resulted is an unbalanced potpourri of opinions that are overwhelmingly radical-feminist in tone. The few excellent contributions of sound, factual information are lost among a plethora of insufficiently informative verbiage, which conveys more angry
Delayed Imaging of Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: William T. Chang, Craig S. LaBuda, Jerry M. Brown, Kevin M. Nakamura
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 10-year-old male with no significant medical history presented to the emergency room with 2 episodes of painless bright red rectal bleeding within the previous 24 hours. A Meckel's scan utilizing 5.12 mCi of Tc-99m pertechnetate injected intravenously was performed. Continuous anterior images of the abdomen were obtained for 60 minutes. Postvoid images at 1 and 3 hours were also obtained. Coincident with the appearance and progressive intensity of gastric mucosal uptake, a focal accumulation of Tc-99m pertechnetate was observed in the right lower quadrant, just superior to, and separate from the urinary bladder. This finding was consistent with a Meckel diverticulum (MD). Notably, the 3-hour delayed image demonstrated a shift in position of this focus to the left lower quadrant, again just superior to the urinary bladder. A MD was confirmed surgically. As this case illustrates, a scan-positive MD may change in position during imaging and can be differentiated from active gastrointestinal bleeding by the absence of characteristic radiotracer transit through the gut.
Problems of Administering Drugs by Continuous Infusion
Authors: P. Brodlie, C. Henney, A. J. J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A study of how often drugs were administered by continuous intravenous infusion to patients occupying 110 surgical and 50 medical beds showed that an average of 48 drug additions were made to intravenous fluids each week: 15% of these were of more than one drug and 15% were of drugs incompatible either with each other or with the infusion fluid. As a result of the survey an educational programme was developed to bring these problems to the attention of the staff concerned. After this programme a second survey showed only 18 additives had been given to patients occupying the same 160 beds and none of these were incompatible mixtures.
Is Liver Fibrosis Reversible?
Authors: Peter A.L. Bonis, Scott L. Friedman, Marshall M. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Cirrhosis represents a late stage of progressive scarring in chronic liver disease. It begins with subendothelial or pericentral fibrosis (hepatic fibrosis) and progresses to panlobular fibrosis with nodule formation (cirrhosis). Once established, fibrosis has generally been considered to be irreversible. This belief was established more than half a century ago, when the diagnosis of cirrhosis was made clinically on the basis of signs of end-stage liver disease, such as ascites, muscle wasting, variceal bleeding, jaundice, and encephalopathy. These features continue to indicate a poor prognosis in the absence of liver transplantation and are still used to classify the severity of . . .