tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An international work exchange: better than a midlife crisis
Authors: D. T Bridge, J. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Several years ago my wife and I began to reflect on the delightful possibility of an extended period in another country. The concept of a sabbatical year is well recognised,1—3 and has been recommended in the BMJ as a means of promoting personal development for general practitioners whose professional lives are stagnating.4 We decided to attempt a variation: a job swap in which we also exchanged houses and cars with a compatible colleague. But how do you find a compatible colleague in a distant land? I started by writing to the (British) Association for Palliative Medicine, who published my proposal in their twice-yearly newsletter. One of the respondents was Jim Gilbert, from Exeter, who seemed quite keen to explore my wild proposal. He was, like me, a consultant in palliative medicine, his curriculum vitae was impressive, and his work sounded interesting. He had an appealing sense of humour: “We would, of course, extract signed agreements from Wilf (aged 4) and Tilly (18 months) not to destroy your house!”

During a 1 hour telephone call we worked through all the significant issues we could think of, and began the long process of establishing a curiously intimate friendship, considering it began with an advertisement!

We agreed to a 4 month working segment, but which months? The Bridge family wanted to enjoy a British summer and escape before the thermometer plunged below zero. The Gilberts wanted to experience an Australian spring, and escape before temperatures reached the range where small children can …
Fever and haemoptysis in an injecting drug user
Authors: V. Luther, J. Townell, H. Rahman, C. Y. Loong
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 24 year old man presented with a 10 day history of fever, night sweats, weight loss, and a productive cough with occasional haemoptysis. He had a history of injecting drug use. He was on a community methadone replacement programme for opiate dependency. On examination, he had a fever (39.4°C), hypotension, and tachycardia. He had a few needle track marks in both antecubital fossae. Coarse crackles were heard throughout both lung fields, although oxygen saturation was 97% on room air.

Blood tests showed: white cell count 19.8×109/L (reference range 4-11), C reactive protein 186 mg/L (<10), urea 15.5 mmol/L (2.5-6.7), and creatinine 210 μmol/L (70-100). Urine dipstick was positive for blood.

Plain chest radiography showed multiple, round, ill defined areas of consolidation throughout both lung fields, with loss of the cardiac silhouette at both the right and left heart borders, as well as bilateral blunting of both costophrenic angles to the lower zones. No hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy was noted. He was started empirically on intravenous benzylpenicillin and oral clarithromycin for presumed severe community acquired pneumonia (as per local hospital guidance). His methadone prescription was confirmed with community drug services and the dose corrected for his renal function. Sputum culture was unremarkable and was negative for acid and alcohol fast bacilli. Serology for HIV and autoantibodies was negative. Two consecutive blood cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus .



### 1 What is your differential diagnosis from the history and examination alone?

#### Short answer

Acute constitutional symptoms with cough and haemoptysis suggest an acute infection of the respiratory system, probably community acquired pneumonia from a typical or atypical micro-organism. …
Outcome of Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Paul Sorajja, Uma Valeti, Rick A. Nishimura, Steve R. Ommen, Charanjit S. Rihal, Bernard J. Gersh, David O. Hodge, Hartzell V. Schaff, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The clinical efficacy of alcohol septal ablation for drug-refractory hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. This study examines the outcome of alcohol septal ablation performed at a tertiary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy referral center.Among 601 patients with severely symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy referred for alcohol septal ablation or myectomy from 1998 to 2006, 138 patients (median age, 64 years; 39% men) chose to undergo ablation. Procedural complications included death in 1.4%, sustained ventricular arrhythmias in 3%, tamponade in 3%, and pacemaker implantation in 20%. This rate was higher than a combined complication rate of 5% in age- and gender-matched patients who had undergone septal myectomy at Mayo Clinic (P<0.0001). Four-year survival free of all mortality was 88.0% (95% confidence interval, 79.4 to 97.5%), which was similar to that of the age- and gender-matched patients who had undergone myectomy (P=0.18). Six patients had documented ventricular arrhythmias after ablation, 4 of whom had successful intervention. Four-year survival free of death and severe New York Heart Association class III/IV symptoms after septal ablation was 76.4%, and 71 patients (51%) became asymptomatic. Myectomy patients <or=65 years of age had significantly better survival free of death and severe symptoms (P=0.01).Alcohol septal ablation is an efficacious procedure if performed in an experienced institution and may resolve symptoms in a subset of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the procedural complication rate exceeds that of myectomy. Patients 65 years of age have better symptom resolution with myectomy. No impairment in short-term survival was noted in this nonrandomized study, but the long-term outcome remains unknown.
A LIGHT-CARRIER WITH LENS AND A RHEOSTAT FOR URETHROSCOPY
Authors: VICTOR COX PEDERSEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In a previous article<sup>1</sup>I described the light-carrier and lens in the following terms: It aims to meet those cases in which treatment requires dryness and applications, such as would be available through the old straight-tube urethroscopes, as the Chetwood pattern, for example. Any one having the Chetwood and the Buerger instruments might essay to avoid purchasing this extra attachment. The difficulty, however, is that of recognizing with the older instruments the exact point discovered with the Buerger instrument. After about a half year's use of this attachment, however, I am convinced of its serviceability. With the great aid of the magnification and irrigation of the Buerger instrument a definite lesion is located. The telescope is then removed without disturbing the sheath of the instrument, and the urethra is mopded dry. The attachment is then inserted and by means of its eye-piece, which repeats the degree of enlargement of the Buerger telescope, the lesion is again recognized. The magnifying eye-piece is then removed and
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase II (INPP4B) is associated with chemoresistance and poor outcome in AML
Authors: Sewa Rijal, Shaun Fleming, Nik Cummings, Natalie K. Rynkiewicz, Lisa M. Ooms, Nhu-Y. N. Nguyen, Tse-Chieh Teh, Sharon Avery, Julie F. McManus, Anthony T. Papenfuss, Catriona McLean, Mark A. Guthridge, Christina A. Mitchell, Andrew H. Wei
Journal: Blood (2015)
Short-duration therapy with terbinafine 1% cream in dermatophyte skin infections
Authors: E.G.V. EVANS, R.A.J. SEAMAN, I.G.V. JAMES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

In a multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group study, the efficacy and safety of a single application of terbinafine 1% cream was compared with 3, 5 and 7 days' once‐daily therapy in the treatment of tinea pedis and tinea corporis/cruris. Seventy‐eight patients with tinea pedis (58 male, 20 female; mean age 36, range 19–80) and 21 patients with tinea corporis or tinea cruris (16 male, 5 female; mean age 37, range 22–72), presenting in general practice, were entered into the study. Of these, 65 patients with tinea pedis and 14 with tinea corporis or cruris completed the study and were evaluable. Twenty‐eight days after commencing therapy 78, 83, 82 and 83% of patients with tinea pedis in the 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 7‐day treatment groups, respectively, were mycologically cured, and 61, 78, 71 and 67%, respectively, were 'effectively treated'. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. Similarly high cure rates were seen in patients with tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Three months after commencing therapy there was little evidence of relapse. The study shows that there is a significant potential for short‐duration therapy with terbinafine 1% cream in tinea infections of the skin, emphasized here by the high cure rates obtained following a single application.
Outcomes after viral load rebound on first-line antiretroviral treatment in children with HIV in the UK and Ireland: an observational cohort study
Authors: Tristan Childs, Delane Shingadia, Ruth Goodall, Katja Doerholt, Hermione Lyall, Trinh Duong, Ali Judd, Di M Gibb, Intira Jeannie Collins
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2015)
Integrin Imaging to Evaluate Treatment Response
Authors: Matthew Morrison, Alan Cuthbertson
Journal: Theranostics (2011)

Despite the recent development of various radiolabelled RGD peptides for imaging the αvβ3 integrin receptor, relatively little attention has been focused on the ability of these radiotracers to monitor changes in tumour vascularity following treatment with anti-tumour therapies. Here we describe the favourable in vivo kinetics and tumour targeting properties of several novel radiolabeled RGD containing peptides that have the ability to monitor tumour vascularity non-invasively in a variety of preclinical tumor models. These tracers may reveal important information when assessing the impact of anti-tumour therapies, in particular those that predominantly target tumour blood vessels. Consequently, these radiolabelled RGD targeting agents represent a useful approach to quantify tumor vasculature, and when used alone or in combination with additional functional imaging modalities, should enhance our mechanistic understanding of how novel therapeutic strategies impact upon tumors.
Effectiveness of the Standard WHO Recommended Retreatment Regimen (Category II) for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Edward C. Jones-López, Irene Ayakaka, Jonathan Levin, Nancy Reilly, Francis Mumbowa, Scott Dryden-Peterson, Grace Nyakoojo, Kevin Fennelly, Beth Temple, Susan Nakubulwa, Moses L. Joloba, Alphonse Okwera, Kathleen D. Eisenach, Ruth McNerney, Alison M. Elliott, Jerrold J. Ellner, Peter G. Smith, Roy D. Mugerwa
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of the WHO-recommended standardized retreatment regimen for tuberculosis by Edward Jones-López and colleagues reveals an unacceptable proportion of unsuccessful outcomes.
Clifton Keck Himmelsbach, MD
Authors: Susan Schwendener
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Mosquito as a Carrier of Disease.
Authors: Samuel H. Hodgson
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Vera Cruz, Mexico, April 12, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 4, appears an article by Dr. J. Stebbins King on "The. Mosquito as a Carrier of Disease." In this article Dr. King makes the following statements: ... Hundreds of non-immunes are bitten every year by infected culex mosquitoes where yellow fever exists as an epidemic and do not take the disease." ... Non-immunes can be exposed for days and months to yellow fever, and that, too, in the presence of infected culex mosquitoes, and not take the disease.... The Doctor does not so state, but implies, that the mosquito is not the only means of transmitting yellow fever. The writer,... can most positively vouch for the truth of every statement here made [in his article]. In reply to these four statements, it is well to mention the fact that it is impossible to prove whether a mosquito is infected
Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia in Malignant Tertian Malaria
Authors: R. B. Skudowitz, J. Katz, A. Lurie, J. Levin, J. Metz
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in six patients with falciparum malaria has been studied. All the patients recovered after antimalarial therapy, and cerebral malaria was not a feature. Radioactive-labelled platelets and fibrinogen were injected into the patients during the phase of thrombocytopenia. In all cases recovery of injected platelets was notably subnormal, indicating excessive splenic pooling of platelets. Platelet life span was moderately shortened in all patients, and platelet turnover increased approximately two-fold. Fibrinogen catabolism was moderately increased in all patients, but coagulation tests failed to reveal evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The results suggest that in uncomplicated cases of malaria thrombocytopenia is the result of splenic pooling of platelets aggravated by a moderate decrease in platelet life span. In such cases thrombocytopenia is thus not the result of disseminated intravascular coagulation (D.I.C.), and heparin therapy is not indicated unless there is unequivocal ancillary evidence of D.I.C.
Responses of Human Colorectal Tumor Cells to Treatment with the Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody ICR62 Used Alone and in Combination with the EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Gefitinib
Authors: Matthew P. Cunningham, Hilary Thomas, Zhen Fan, Helmout Modjtahedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab has been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there is currently no reliable marker for response to therapy with the EGFR inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of 10 human colorectal tumor cell lines (DiFi, CCL218, CCL221, CCL225, CCL227, CCL228, CCL231, CCL235, CCL244, and HCT-116) to treatment with our anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, ICR62, and/or the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib. Of the cells examined, only DiFi contained high levels of constitutively active EGFR and were highly sensitive to treatment with both ICR62 (IC50 = 0.52 nmol/L) and gefitinib (IC50 = 27.5 nmol/L). In contrast, the growth of other tumor cell lines, which contained low levels of the EGFR, HER-2, and pAkt but comparable or even higher basal levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK), were relatively resistant to treatment with both inhibitors. Both ICR62 and gefitinib induced EGFR down-regulation, reduced the basal levels of pEGFR at five known tyrosine residues, pMAPK, and pAkt, and increased the sub-G1 population in DiFi cells. However, treatment with a combination of ICR62 and gefitinib neither sensitized colorectal tumor cells that were insensitive to treatment with the single agent nor enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of the single agent in DiFi cells. These results indicate that basal levels of pMAPK and pAkt are not good indicators of response to the EGFR inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells and dual targeting of the EGFR by a combination of ICR62 and gefitinib is not superior to treatment with a single agent. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(15): 7708-15)
Ocular Chlamydial Infections-Reply
Authors: King K. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Dr Deur's letter illustrates the problem faced by an astute and conscientious clinician in managing the sex partner of patients who have sexually transmissible disease. This can be most difficult when the diagnosis is not readily recognized by the patient as a sexually transmitted disease. For example, it is important to identify and treat sexual contacts not only of adult patients with adult ocular chlamydial infections but also the parents of infants with neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis and the sex partner of patients with mucopurulent cervicitis, epididymitis, Reiter's syndrome, urethral syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, and so on. At the present time this situation is probably dealt with most effectively by family physicians who are trained to view the patient in the setting of his family and other relationships. I suspect it may be dealt with least effectively by gynecologists who are trained and expected to deal only with female
Pathologist in Sally Clark case may resume doing autopsies for coroners
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Alan Williams, the pathologist who failed to disclose test results in the Sally Clark case, has been allowed to start doing coroners’ postmortem examinations again by the General Medical Council. But he faces a new investigation by the GMC on a separate matter.

Mrs Clark was convicted of murdering her baby sons Christopher and Harry in 1999. But her conviction was quashed on a second appeal in 2003 after it emerged that Dr Williams, who was the Home Office pathologist in the case, had not disclosed microbiological tests he commissioned on …
Oncogenes and radiation carcinogenesis.
Authors: S J Garte, F J Burns
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Current research indicates a role for several oncogenes in radiation-induced carcinogenesis in vivo and cell transformation in vitro. Certain oncogenes are probably also involved in some cases of human cancer caused by exposure to nonionizing radiation and may play a mechanistic role in the phenomenon of radioresistance seen in later stages of tumor progression. The mechanisms of oncogene activation seen in radiation-induced tumors include point mutations, gene amplification, and changes in gene expression. Genetic factors associated with target species, strain, and tissue type play an important role in determining the specific nature of oncogene activation by radiation exposure. Using the rat skin as a model for cancer induction by ionizing radiation, we found concurrent activation of K-ras and c-myc oncogenes in end-stage tumors. Amplification of the myc gene proved to occur during a late stage of tumor progression and is not an early initiating event resulting from the direct action of radiation on target cells. The importance of tissue specificity, tumor cell heterogeneity, and physical characteristics of the radiation exposure are discussed.
THE THERAPEUTICS OF LUPULIN.
Authors: THOMAS F. REILLY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is not my wish to call your attention to any new chemical product of coal tar nor to any of the modern medicinal agents that are guaranteed to cure all diseases, but rather to refresh your memories as to some old and, to myself at least, new properties of one of the oldest agents in the materia medica. The history of the use of lupulin as a medicinal agent dates back as far as the oldest medical literature. Up to the early part of the last century it was used for almost every pain or disease. Before the discovery of the iodid it was considered almost a specific for scrofula, struma and the various skin diseases. In 1852 it was resurrected by the surgeons of the French genitourinary school, and then for the first time came under the critical eye of modern clinical observation. After a few years of
Hierarchies in Mental Hospitals
Authors: M. J. Heron
Journal: BMJ (1964)

these during a 24-hour period, and her headache improved, but the same day severe pain began in both ankles and feet, and the next day she was unable to walk.On admission she was normotensive, and febrile (99.5'F.; 37.5' C.).Apart from a soft pansystolic apical murmur, abnormal signs were confined to the legs.No pulses could be felt below the femorals, and there was a sudden temperature drop at both mid-calves.The distal parts of both feet were pale, ischaemic, and very painful.The ischaemia was attributed to intolerance to ergotamine with presumed underlying oblitera- tive arterial disease.The legs were exposed and kept cool, and tolazoline, 25 mg.thrice daily, given by mouth.For two days there was little change, but on the third day both feet were warm, red, and oedematous, and later all pulses became readily palpable.The feet remained painful for several days, but there was no gangrene and the patient was eventually discharged home free from signs and symptoms in the legs.There was no evidence of obliterative arterial disease or renal disease.The flocculation tests were weakly positive and the sedimentation rate 62 mm. at one hour falling to 32, but there was no increase of gammaglobulin on serum electro- phoresis and no other evidence of an under- lying collagen disease.
Long-Term Oncologic Outcome after Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Michael Muntener, Matthew E. Nielsen, Frederico R. Romero, Edward M. Schaeffer, Mohamad E. Allaf, Fabio Augusto R. Brito, Christian P. Pavlovich, Louis R. Kavoussi, Thomas W. Jarrett
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Unusually Large Plasma Factor VIII: von Willebrand Factor Multimers in Chronic Relapsing Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Joel L. Moake, Christine K. Rudy, Joseph H. Troll, Mark J. Weinstein, Noreen M. Colannino, José Azocar, Richard H. Seder, Suchen L. Hong, Daniel Deykin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A platelet-agglutinating factor has been detected in the plasma of some patients during episodes of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).1 , 2 Agglutination induced in vitro by this plasma factor is inhibited by normal plasma and does not require platelet production of the arachidonic acid metabolite thromboxane A2, release of granule contents, platelet metabolism, or calcium or magnesium ions.3 These characteristics are similar to those of agglutination induced in vitro by the attachment to platelets of large, multimeric, von Willebrand factor components of the factor VIII complex (VIII:vWF), and this similarity led us in the present study to investigate the properties . . .
Personalia and the current health crisis.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Recent changes in the Russian government introduced by Boris Yeltsin include the appointment of Eduard Nechaev as health minister at the beginning of this year. The appointment received little publicity in the West, although his predecessor was sacked after only one year for failing to make any effort to improve health care. The challenges facing the new minister are enormous. Not only does he have to introduce a new medical insurance system but he has to tackle the problems of falling population, rising childhood illness linked to poor diet, and the spread of polio and diphtheria. It remains to be seen whether his experience in the military medical service has equipped him for the job.
Two Triumphal Arches
Authors: Henry Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The review concerning Leonardo da Vinci: Das Anatomische Werk (not Work) (<i>JAMA</i><b>178</b>:970 [Dec. 2] 1961) reveals a factual error. Anyone mentioning the Arc de Triomphe unmistakably refers to the magnificent triumphal arch situated in Place de l'Etoile in Paris. It commemorates the victories of Napoleon I, was begun in 1806, and completed in 1836. On the other hand, the architect of the Colonnade du Louvre is usually named with his first name, Claude, to distinguish him from his no less famous brother, Charles Perrault, the immortal author of the Tales of Mother Goose.