tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trial of vitamin E therapy for retrolental fibroplasia
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

High dosages of vitamin E are being given to premature infants in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of retrolental fibroplasia. The study, supported by the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Md, is to involve a total of 650 infants with a gestational age of 36 weeks or less at birth. The majority will have weighed 2,000 g or less at birth and may or may not have received oxygen therapy. The remainder will have weighed more than 2,000 g at birth and will have required oxygen therapy for at least 18 of their first 36 hours. These infants are being assigned to one of five groups on the basis of birth weight. Within a group, they are assigned randomly to treatment with vitamin E (dl-a-tocopherol) or a placebo. The vitamin or placebo is administered by infusion to those infants (about seven of ten) who already are receiving intravenous
Reliable Noninvasive Coronary Angiography With Fast Submillimeter Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography
Authors: Koen Nieman, Filippo Cademartiri, Pedro A. Lemos, Rolf Raaijmakers, Peter M.T. Pattynama, Pim J. de Feyter
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) is a promising technique for noninvasive coronary angiography, although clinical application has remained limited because of frequently incomplete interpretability, caused by motion artifacts and calcifications. Methods and Results— In 59 patients (53 male, aged 58±12 years) with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease, ECG-gated MSCT angiography was performed with a 16-slice MSCT scanner (0.42-s rotation time, 12×0.75-mm detector collimation). Thirty-four patients were given additional β-blockers (average heart rate: 56±6 min −1 ). After contrast injection, all data were acquired during an approximately 20-s breath hold. The left main (LM), left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA), including ≥2.0-mm side branches, were independently evaluated by two blinded observers and screened for ≥50% stenoses. The consensus reading was compared with quantitative coronary angiography. MSCT was successful in 58 patients. Eighty-six of the 231 evaluated branches were significantly diseased. Without exclusion of branches, the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value to identify ≥50% obstructed branches was 95% (82/86), 86% (125/145), 80% (82/102), and 97% (125/129), respectively. The overall accuracy for the LM, LAD, RCA, and LCX was 100%, 91%, 86%, and 81%, respectively. No obstructed LM, LAD, or RCA branches remained undetected. Classification of patients as having no, single, or multivessel disease was accurate in 78% (45/58) of patients and no patients with significant obstructions were incorrectly excluded. Conclusions— Improvements in MSCT technology, combined with heart rate control, allow reliable noninvasive detection of obstructive coronary artery disease.
JAK2V617F mutation and hydroxyurea treatment as determinants of immature platelet parameters in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera patients
Authors: Marina Panova-Noeva, Marina Marchetti, Sabrina Buoro, Laura Russo, Annamaria Leuzzi, Guido Finazzi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Cosimo Ottomano, Hugo ten Cate, Anna Falanga
Journal: Blood (2011)
Bioactive poly(l-lactic acid) conduits seeded with Schwann cells for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Gregory R.D Evans, Keith Brandt, Steven Katz, Priscilla Chauvin, Lisa Otto, Melissa Bogle, Bao Wang, Rudolph K Meszlenyi, Lichun Lu, Antonios G Mikos, Charles W Patrick
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Acute Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous Hydrocortisone and CRH in Depressed Patients: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Charles DeBattista, Joel A. Posener, B. Michelle Kalehzan, Alan F. Schatzberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The primary objective of this investigation was to examine the acute antidepressant effects of intravenous hydrocortisone and ovine corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) infusions in patients with major depression.Twenty-two patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for nonpsychotic major depression were randomly assigned to receive intravenously 1 mg/kg of ovine CRH, 15 mg of hydrocortisone, or saline under double-blind conditions on day 1. Standard depression rating scales were completed on day 1 before the study medications were administered and again the following day (day 2).Patients treated with hydrocortisone demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in total 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (mean reduction=8.4 points or 37%) than patients given ovine CRH (mean=1.2 points) or placebo (mean=1.3 points).Acute hydrocortisone infusion is associated with a rapid and robust reduction in depressive symptoms. The authors discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Antibodies to Human Albumin in Cirrhotic Sera
Authors: S. Hauptman, T. B. Tomasi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In a previous paper we described a monoclonal IgM protein with antibody-like activity towards aggregated and native albumin. The present study was initiated to determine whether sera, other than that from patients with macroglobulinemia, contained similar antibody-like activity. It was demonstrated that approximately 40% of the sera from patients with classical Laennec's cirrhosis contained antibodies which agglutinate sheep red blood cells coated with aggregated albumin. The hemagglutinating activity was present in the void volume on Sephadex G-200 chromatography and was shown to be an immunoglobulin by its removal on passage over an anti-L-chain immunoadsorbent column. The immunoglobulin was isolated from cirrhotic sera by chromatography on an albumin immunoadsorbent column. The acid eluate from the albumin affinity column contained only IgA. After labeling this IgA with (125)I and obtaining the Fabalpha fragment by proteolysis, it was shown that the labeled Fabalpha complexed noncovalently with aggregated albumin. Complex formation between albumin and the cirrhotic IgA and Fabalpha could also be demonstrated utilizing facilitation of hemagglutination of sheep red blood cells coated with aggregated albumin. Appropriate controls consisting of normal and myeloma IgA and myeloma Fabalpha fragments failed to show evidence of complex formation with albumin. We propose that the restriction of the antibody response to the IgA class may result from the formation of antibodies against albumin altered during metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. A possible role for anti-albumin antibodies in normal albumin catabolism and in the pathogenesis of Laennec's cirhosis is discussed.
Gender Disparities in the Receipt of Home Care for Elderly People With Disability in the United States
Authors: Steven J. Katz, Mohammed Kabeto, Kenneth M. Langa
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextProjected demographic shifts in the US population over the next 50 years will cause families, health care practitioners, and policymakers to confront a marked increase in the number of people with disabilities living in the community. Concerns about the adequacy of community support are particularly salient to women, who make up a disproportionate number of disabled elderly people and who may be particularly vulnerable because they are more likely to live alone with limited financial resources.ObjectiveTo address gender differences in receipt of informal and formal home care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNationally representative survey conducted in 1993 among 7443 noninstitutionalized people (4538 women and 2905 men) aged 70 years or older.Main Outcome MeasureNumber of hours per week of informal (generally unpaid) and formal (generally paid) home care received by survey participants who reported any activity of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) impairment (n = 3109) compared by gender and living arrangement and controlling for other factors.ResultsCompared with disabled men, disabled women were much more likely to be living alone (45.4% vs 16.8%, P<.001) and much less likely to be living with a spouse (27.8% vs 73.6%, P<.001). Overall, women received fewer hours of informal care per week than men (15.7 hours; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5-16.9 vs 21.2 hours; 95% CI, 19.7-22.8). Married disabled women received many fewer hours per week of informal home care than married disabled men (14.8 hours; 95% CI, 13.7-15.8 vs 26.2 hours; 95% CI, 24.6-27.9). Children (>80% women) were the dominant caregivers for disabled women while wives were the dominant caregivers of disabled men. Gender differences in formal home care were small (2.8 hours for women; 95% CI, 2.5-3.1 vs 2.1 hours for men; 95% CI, 1.7-2.4).ConclusionLarge gender disparities appear to exist in the receipt of informal home care for disabled elderly people in the United States, even within married households. Programs providing home care support for disabled elderly people need to consider these large gender disparities and the burden they impose on families when developing intervention strategies in the community.
Linoleic acid-stimulated vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells depends on nuclear factor-[kappa ]B activation
Authors: Wolfgang Dichtl, Mikko P.S. Ares, Audrey Niemann J[ouml ]nson, Stefan Jovinge, Otmar Pachinger, Cecilia M. Giachelli, Anders Hamsten, Per Eriksson, Jan Nilsson
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Role of Diet in Prostate Cancer Development and Progression
Authors: June M. Chan, Peter H. Gann, Edward L. Giovannucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Increasing evidence supports the important role of nutrition in cancer prevention, including prevention of prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize data for some of the most consistently observed dietary associations for prostate cancer incidence, briefly consider possible postdiagnostic effects of nutrition on prostate cancer progression/survival, discuss new but limited data on diet-gene interactions, and comment on current areas of controversy for future research focus. Potential protective dietary elements include tomatoes/lycopene, other carotenoids, cruciferous vegetables, vitamin E, selenium, fish/marine omega-3 fatty acids, soy, isoflavones and polyphenols; whereas milk, dairy, calcium, zinc at high doses, saturated fat, grilled meats, and heterocyclic amines may increase risk. It is important to note that randomized clinical trial data exist only for vitamin E, calcium, beta-carotene, and selenium (all of which suggest inverse or no association). Several genes, such as MnSOD, XRCC1, and GST, may modify the association of specific nutrients and foods with prostate cancer risk; and further research is warranted to confirm these initial observed relationships. Until further clinical trial data are available on specific supplements and prostate cancer prevention, it would be prudent to emphasize a diet consisting of a wide variety of plant-based foods and fish; this is similar to what is recommended (and what is more well established) for the primary prevention of heart disease.
Disulfiram therapy in alcoholism
Authors: J. Scher
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the article by Davis et al on "The Value of Neomycin in a Neomycin-Steroid Cream" (<b>203</b>: 298, 1968). Their conclusion (ie, that neomycin added to a topical steroid does not increase its efficacy in pyogenic bacterial infections and further may encourage the emergence of neomycin-resistant strains of staphylococci) is certainly worthy of wide attention. The authors make a second point, which is worthy of emphasis: Allergic sensitivity to neomycin has been observed and is an additional hazard in its topical use. A review of "Hypersensitivity Skin Reactions Due to Neomycin"<sup>1</sup>stressed first, that contact allergy to neomycin is quite common; second, the steroid in the combination preparation does not block such allergic reactions; third, reactions to neomycin may convert a nonspecific dermatitis to an allergic contact dermatitis with little change in signs or symptoms; and, last, once sensitization to neomycin has occurred,
Familial case of may‐hegglin anomaly associated with familial spastic paraplegia
Authors: Yukihisa Fujita, Tsuneo Fujii, Akira Nishio, Kazuhiko Tuboi, Katuhiko Tsuji, Mituo Nakamura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

We report a family with May-Hegglin anomaly associated with familial spastic paraplegia. The propositus was a 39 year old male. His peripheral blood showed a Döhle-like inclusion bodies in WBC, giant platelets, and thrombocytopenia. He had been suffering from progressive gait disturbance of spastic paraplegia since 20 years old. He was in a state of chronic renal failure and showed sensory hearing impairment. His two children showed similar hematological abnormalities and spastic gait. As far as we know, this is the first case of May-Hegglin anomaly associated with familial spastic paraplegia in the literature.
CLINICAL NOTES UPON SPASMODIC TORTICOLIS; WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TREATMENT.
Authors: ASA FLANDERS PATTEE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Torticollis (wryneck) is due to a spasmodic condition of the cervical muscles, chiefly those supplied by the spinal accessory nerves. The name is derived from two Latin words,<i>tortus</i>, twisted, and<i>collum</i>, neck. The terms<i>tic rotatoire, Nickrampf</i>, etc., are used as expressive of the spasm, muscles affected, tenacity, etc. This abnormal contraction of the cervical muscles is directly the result of irritation of the external cervical branch of the spinal accessory nerve, which having two different origins, a spinal and cerebral, has two distinct functions. The spinal or motor branch supplies the motor power to the sterno-cleido-mastoid and trapezius muscles, and communicates with the first, second, third, and fourth cervical nerves, its roots being traced between the anterior and posterior roots of the first five cervical nerves. As we have seen, wryneck proper is an affection of the sterno-cleido-mastoid and trapezius muscles, but in cases of long standing and
Capsule endoscopy and cardiac pacemakers: investigation for possible interference
Authors: D. Bandorski, W. Irnich, M. Brück, N. Beyer, W. Kramer, R. Jakobs
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The diagnostic benefit of capsule endoscopy in suspected small-bowel disease is high and seems to be superior to that with conventional methods and scintigraphy. Because of the limited clinical experience in patients with cardiac pacemakers and other implanted electrical devices, it is recommended that capsule endoscopy should not be used in such cases. We investigated the potential for capsule endoscopy to interfere with cardiac pacemakers in vitro.21 different pacemakers and leads were positioned in a 0.9 % saline solution in a tank. Pin jacks were placed that were in contact with the solution. The pacemaker impulse was recorded and an inhibiting signal could be coupled in. The capsules (Given Imaging and Olympus) were placed in different positions relative to the cardiac pacemaker and finally placed on the case of the pacemaker, for 1 minute in each site. The functioning of the pacemaker was observed continuously. The effect on the pacemaker was noted particularly as inhibition, synchronization, or no effect. The pacemaker was then inhibited using a standard test signal.There was no interference between the video capsule and the cardiac pacemakers in our experiment in spite of the close proximity of the two devices.The clinical use of capsule endoscopy is unproblematic in patients with cardiac pacemakers.
Effects of the chromanol 293B, a selective blocker of the slow, component of the delayed rectifier K+ current, on repolarization in human and guinea pig ventricular myocytes
Authors: R Bosch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: The slow component of the delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) is believed to be important in cardiac repolarization, and may be a potential target for antiarrhythmic drugs, but its study has been limited by a lack of specific blockers. The chromanol derivate 293B blocks currents expressed by minK and not HERG in Xenopus oocytes, but little is known about its effects on native currents and action potentials. We aimed to establish the effects of 293B on K+, Na+ and Ca2+ currents and action potentials in human and guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Methods: Whole-cell patch clamp techniques were applied to assess the effects of 293B on isolated myocytes at 36°C. Results: Delayed rectifier current (IK) elicited by pulses to +60 mV from a holding potential of −50 mV in guinea pig myocytes was strongly inhibited by 293B (maximum inhibition 96.9±0.8%; 50% inhibitory concentration, EC50, 1.02 μM), but IK during pulses to −10 mV was unaffected (3.9±8.4% inhibition at 50 μM). Half-activation voltages, current-voltage relations, and current densities of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive IK correspond to those of IKr and IKs respectively. Inward rectifier K+ current, Na+ current and L-type Ca2+ current were unaffected by 293B. Transient outward current in human ventricular myocytes was inhibited by 293B at an EC50 of 24 μM, less than one twentieth the potency for IKs inhibition in guinea pig myocytes. While dofetilide prolonged action potential duration (APD) with strong reverse use dependence, 293B prolonged guinea pig and human ventricular APD to a similar fractional extent at all frequencies. Conclusions: 293B is a selective IKs blocker, and the frequency dependence of APD prolongation caused by this IKs blocker is different from that caused by IKr blockade: 293B may be an interesting tool to study the physiologic role of IKs and the antiarrhythmic potential of IKs blockade.
Re: Ruth C. Lovegrove Jones, Qiyu Peng, Maria Stokes, Victor F. Humphrey, Christopher Payne, Christos E. Constantinou. Mechanisms of Pelvic Floor Muscle Function and the Effect on the Urethra During a Cough. Eur Urol 2010;57:1101–10
Authors: Peter E.P. Petros
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Intranasal Administration of the Growth-Compromised HSV-2 Vector ΔRR Prevents Kainate-Induced Seizures and Neuronal Loss in Rats and Mice
Authors: Jennifer M. Laing, Michael D. Gober, Erin K. Golembewski, Scott M. Thompson, Kymberly A. Gyure, PaulJ. Yarowsky, Laure Aurelian
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Identification of targets and delivery platforms for gene therapy of neurodegenerative disorders is a clinical challenge. We describe a novel paradigm in which the neuroprotective gene is the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antiapoptotic gene ICP10PK and the vector is the growth-compromised HSV-2 mutant ΔRR. ΔRR is delivered intranasally. It is not toxic in rats and mice. ICP10PK is expressed in the hippocampus of the ΔRR-treated animals for at least 42 days in the absence of virus replication and late virus gene expression. Its expression is regulated by an AP-1 amplification loop. Intranasally delivered ΔRR prevents kainic acid-induced seizures, neuronal loss, and inflammation, in both rats and mice. The data suggest that ΔRR is a promising therapeutic platform for neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparative rates of adverse events with different formulations of intravenous iron
Authors: Maureen M. Okam, Elyse Mandell, Nathanael Hevelone, Rachel Wentz, Ainsley Ross, Gregory A. Abel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Oral iron replacement is the standard therapy in iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). However, 59% of patients have gastrointestinal toxicity. With impaired iron uptake from the gastrointestinal tract (in anemia of chronic disease (ACD) or after bariatric surgery), suboptimal responsiveness to exogenous erythropoietin (in chronic renal failure), in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy, or when oral iron is poorly tolerated, IV iron therapy is the preferred mode of repletion. Although effective in increasing hemoglobin, the relative safety of the available IV iron preparations is not well documented. We examined the comparative safety of IV iron formulations used at hospitals associated with our institution. Among 619 unique patients who received IV iron over a 2-year period, we found 32 adverse events (AEs), ranging from urticaria to chest pain. There were no serious AEs or anaphylactic-type reactions. In a multivariate model, there was no difference in AE rates between low-molecular-weight iron dextran (LMWD) and ferric gluconate; however, iron sucrose had significantly higher odds ratio of AEs (OR = 5.7; 95% CI = 1.6–21.3). Our data suggest that AE rates with IV iron are acceptable. More widespread use of LMWD, in particular, which can be given safely as a total dose infusion (TDI), should be considered.
Vasopressin Deficiency and Pressor Hypersensitivity In Hemodynamically Unstable Organ Donors
Authors: J. M. Chen, S. Cullinane, T. B. Spanier, J. H. Artrip, R. John, N. M. Edwards, M. C. Oz, D. W. Landry
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Solid organ donors often develop hypotension due to vasodilation, and recently we observed that a variety of vasodilatory states are characterized by vasopressin deficiency and hypersensitivity. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of vasopressin deficiency in hypotensive solid organ donors without clinical evidence of diabetes insipidus; we also investigated the vasopressor effect of vasopressin replacement in hypotensive donors.Fifty organ donors were evaluated for hemodynamic instability, (mean arterial pressure [MAP]</= 70 mm Hg despite the use of catecholamine vasopressors), and in those unstable donors who were not already receiving exogenous vasopressin, low-dose vasopressin was administered as a continuous infusion (0. 04 to 0.1 U/min). MAP, catecholamine requirements, serum vasopressin, and serum osmolality were obtained before and after vasopressin administration. Ten patients meeting the enrollment criteria received vasopressin and MAP increased from 72.2+/-3.5 to 89.8+/-4.2 mm Hg, (P<0.05), allowing for complete discontinuation of catecholamine pressors in 4 (40%) patients and a decrement in pressor dose in 4 (40%). Plasma vasopressin levels (2.9+/-0.8 pg/mL) were low for the degree of hypotension.Hemodynamically unstable organ donors without clinically apparent diabetes insipidus display a defect in the baroreflex-mediated secretion of vasopressin. In these patients, low-dose vasopressin significantly increases blood pressure with a pressor response sufficient to reduce catecholamine administration.
A Technic of Vascular Catheterization with Small Plastic Catheters
Authors: TRUMAN G. SCHNABEL, HUGH F. FITZPATRICK, LYSLE H. PETERSON, WILLIAM J. RASHKIND, DANIEL TALLEY, ROBERT L. RAPHAEL
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A method of vascular catheterization is presented in which small polyvinyl catheters are introduced into peripheral vessels through 18 to 21 gage needles and then advanced into the central vascular bed. This technic has been utilized in the study of hemodynamic events occurring in the central arterial vessels in man. The results obtained from 31 arterial catheterizations done in 21 subjects are reported. Utilizing this technic, it has been impossible to catheterize the pulmonary artery in man. However, the method has proved useful in the study of right atrial and central venous pressure changes.