tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sildenafil in a cigarette smoke-induced model of COPD in the guinea-pig
Authors: David Domínguez-Fandos, César Valdés, Elisabet Ferrer, Raquel Puig-Pey, Isabel Blanco, Olga Tura-Ceide, Tanja Paul, Víctor I. Peinado, Joan A. Barberà
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used to treat pulmonary hypertension, may have effects on pulmonary vessel structure and function. We evaluated the effects of sildenafil in a cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 42 guinea-pigs were exposed to cigarette smoke or sham-exposed and treated with sildenafil or vehicle for 12 weeks, divided into four groups. Assessments included respiratory resistance, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy, endothelial function of the pulmonary artery and lung vessel and parenchymal morphometry. CS-exposed animals showed increased PAP, RV hypertrophy, raised respiratory resistance, airspace enlargement and intrapulmonary vessel remodelling. CS exposure also produced wall thickening, increased contractility and endothelial dysfunction in the main pulmonary artery. CS-exposed animals treated with sildenafil showed lower PAP and a trend to less RV hypertrophy than CS-exposed only animals. Furthermore, sildenafil preserved the intrapulmonary vessel density and attenuated the airspace enlargement induced by CS. No differences in gas exchange, respiratory resistance, endothelial function and vessel remodelling were observed. We conclude that in this experimental model of COPD, sildenafil prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and contributes to preserve the parenchymal and vascular integrity, reinforcing the notion that the nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate axis is perturbed by CS exposure.
Prediction of response to alfa-interferon in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: O. Lo Iacono, V. Di Marco, A. Craxl, F. Tinè, P. Almasio, R. Bruno, C. Cammà, F. Fiorello, S. Magrin, U. Palazzo, G.B. Pinzello, L. Pagliaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
NICE v world on endocarditis prophylaxis
Authors: J. B. Chambers, D. Shanson, G. Venn, J. Pepper
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Articles defending the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence’s (NICE) advocacy of no antibiotic prophylaxis tend to suggest that the contrary position is universal antibiotic prophylaxis.1 But the essential difference between American, European, and Australian guidelines and those from NICE is in advising antibiotics for high risk cardiac patients (those with …
Colour coded duplex sonography in suspected deep vein thrombosis of the leg.
Authors: J M Schindler, M Kaiser, A Gerber, A Vuilliomenet, A Popovic, O Bertel
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Left: Oblique view of lumbar spine showing LI, L2, L4, and L5 vertebrae with vestiges of posterior elements ofL3 (arrowed).Note codfish appearance ofL2, L4, and LS.Right: lateral view oflumbar spine showing narrowing ofdisc spaces ofT12 and L I and kyphos between L2 and L4, pseudo-Schmorl's nodes at upper and lower surfaces of T12
Practical Municipal Sanitation.
Authors: Albert L. Gihon
Journal: JAMA (1899)

New York City, March 1, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The twentieth century promises to be an eminently practical age. Theorists, dreamers and blatants bawling reform are giving place to the doers of good, the active workers in the ranks of humanitarians. The gospel of health, mental and physical, spread by practical enthusiasts, gives greater reason to hope for the civilization of the heathen than the preaching by fanatic zealots, who have only succeeded in opening the gate to their syphilization and tuberculization. The ardent missionary men and women who have labored to clothe naked savages in red flannel petticoats and thereby taught them, by studiously hiding their sexual organs, to give them a prominence that had never occurred to their virginal minds, when a surf bath and a fresh coating of cocoanut oil were their daily toilet, have wasted an immense amount of energy, that, directed to the betterment of
Assessment of Prognostic Factors in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Toward a Global Quantitative Expression of Severity
Authors: Hector Orrego, Yedy Israel, Joan E. Blake, Alan Medline
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

The prognostic significance of a battery of clinical, laboratory, and histological indicators was assessed in relation to mortality risk in a 1-year study of 253 patients with alcoholic liver disease, of whom 51 died within such time. The relative risk associated with each abnormality was calculated. A number of abnormalities was found to be statistically associated with a higher risk of death. Among the clinical abnormalities, these were: collateral circulation, edema, ascites, encephalopathy, spider nevi, anorexia, and weakness. Among the laboratory tests, these were: albumin, bilirubin, hemoglobin, abnormal prothrombin time, and alkaline phosphatase. Two hundred and sixteen of these patients had liver biopsies in which the quantifiable abnormalities were scored. Among the histological findings, the alterations significantly related to mortality were necrosis, Mallory, and inflammation, while the presence of cirrhosis per se did not influence the mortality risk. The relative risk factors for mortality associated with the histological alterations were lower than those derived from clinical or laboratory measurements. The advantage of using only clinical and laboratory items to derive a global, quantitative expression of severity is discussed. The relative mortality risks provided a means of calculating a "unit of severity" for each clinical and laboratory abnormality. A combined clinical and laboratory index (CCLI) results when these mortality-risk units are added. Such a combined index had a quasi-linear relationship with the risk of mortality for the complete population. This method compared well with severity scores derived from computerized, linear step-wise discriminant function (SDF) analysis and from a logistic regression (LR) analysis. The factors chosen to have independent prognostic significance by the SDF analysis were: encephalopathy, albumin, prothrombin time, and hemoglobin, while only encephalopathy, albumin, and hemoglobin were chosen by the LR analysis. Within a range of values, LR can provide a good discrimination in relation to mortality, similar to that observed for the CCLI in its complete range. However, there are some advantages to the CCLI method vs. the LR or SDF analyses. The CCLI is less susceptible to being unduly influenced by a nonspecific effect of treatment on the items chosen than the SDF and LR analyses, as the CCLI contains a large number of factors. Obtaining a single-severity score such as the CCLI is of value in: (a) assessing the effectiveness of treatment modalities; (b) analyzing the success of randomization; (c) separating cohorts of different severity, and (d) comparing new liver tests, histological abnormalities, or specific biological events with the severity of alcoholic liver disease.
Prophylactic Antibiotics?
Authors: R. Bradley Sack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The medical community continues to witness the remarkable versatility of micro-organisms as they successfully adapt to living with antibiotics and related antimicrobial agents. The staphylococcus and gramnegative enteric organisms first demonstrated these adaptive abilities; now others have joined their ranks: the gonococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and most recently the pneumococcus. Some scientists believe that we may indeed be returning to a "pre-antibiotic era," in which these transformed multiresistant micro-organisms will again devastate mankind.This alarm is due to the observed selective pressure in both human and nonhuman microbial environments exerted by the widespread and ever-increasing use of antibiotics. Micro-organisms selected because . . .
Abstract LB-319: Functionally validated shRNA libraries for large-scale RNAi screens
Authors: Vaishali Sridhar, Dan Yu Lai, Nishi Sinha, Prem K. Premsrirut, Christof Fellmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) has become an indispensable tool for loss-of-function genetics across eukaryotes. By enabling stable and reversible gene silencing, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) triggers of RNAi provide a means to study long term phenotypes, perform pool-based forward genetic screens and examine the consequences of temporary target inhibition in vivo. However, efficient implementation in vertebrate systems has been hindered by our incomplete understanding of the sequence requirements for effective shRNA biogenesis and target suppression. Consequently, single-gene studies still depend on laborious testing of many candidates and pooled shRNA screens contain non-functional sequences that make the interpretation of negative results inconclusive. To address this limitation, we recently developed a high-throughput “RNAi Sensor assay” that enables functional identification of effective shRNAs at large scale. We showed that this assay allows testing of tens of thousands of candidates in parallel and robustly identifies potent single-copy shRNAs targeting virtually any gene. Here we applied this technology to evaluate 20,000 preselected candidate shRNAs targeting over 330 disease-relevant mouse genes to generate a functionally validated shRNA library for potent single-copy target knockdown. Beyond their use in RNAi transgenic animals, such shRNA libraries will enable comprehensive pooled RNAi screening and open a promising avenue for high-throughput functional genetics in the post-genomic era. Citation Format: Vaishali Sridhar, Dan Yu Lai, Nishi Sinha, Prem K. Premsrirut, Christof Fellmann. Functionally validated shRNA libraries for large-scale RNAi screens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-319. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-319
Effect of oral sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen in fish-induced bronchial asthma.
Authors: R Ellul-Micallef
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The effects of sodium cromoglycate and ketotifen were studied in a group of 20 patients in whom fish repeatedly provoked an attack of wheezing and dyspnoea within one hour of its being eaten. Fish ingestion resulted in a fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of at least 15%. All patients had a weal greater than 4 mm in response to fish antigen in the skinprick test and most had blood eosinophilia and raised serum IgE levels. Administration of drugs and placebos was carried out under double-blind conditions, in a randomised fashion, on different days. Cromoglycate blocked the fall in FEV1 either completely or significantly in 16 patients. Ketotifen did not appear to have any significant effect in the group as a whole.
Consequences and treatment of ovarian failure after total body irradiation for leukaemia.
Authors: M. P. Cust, M. I. Whitehead, R. Powles, M. Hunter, S. Milliken
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the incidence and severity of physical and psychosexual symptoms in young women due to ovarian failure caused by total body irradiation for leukaemia and the women's response to hormone treatment.Postal questionnaire and interview.Leukaemia unit of oncology hospital.Consecutive series of 46 English speaking women who had developed ovarian failure after total body irradiation and bone marrow transplantation as treatment for leukaemia.Of the 36 responders, 33 reported some symptoms, vaginal dryness being the most common (29). This profoundly affected sexual function. Although 22 women had had sexual intercourse within six months after treatment, 16 were less interested in and 18 experienced difficulties with sexual intercourse. Anxieties about sterility, femininity, and appearance were common and reduced self confidence. Almost half reported that they had changed their social habits and restricted their social activities. Treatment seemed effective in abolishing symptoms in 24 women, but vaginal dryness remained a problem in three. Two women failed to respond and intercourse remained impossible.Such patients are vulnerable and access to gynaecologists and endocrinologists soon after treatment would be valuable. The optimal treatment regimen and the long term benefits of treatment have yet to be established.
Trauma registry. New computer method for multifactorial evaluation of a major health problem
Authors: D. R. Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One of the major problems in providing improved care for the injured patient is the lack of a well-defined system of care for the critically injured. Patients are ordinarily taken to the nearest hospital, rather than the one best equipped and staffed to treat them. Many of these patients are later transferred to more appropriate facilities with considerable discomfort, disability, and even death resulting from these unnecessary movements. Many patients are given suboptimal care once they reach an inadequate facility. A major barrier to improving trauma care is the lack of cumulative knowledge and experience in the complex management of severely injured trauma patients. The general inadequacy of the present medical record system further compounds this problem. In response to this obvious deficiency and at the suggestion of the National Research Council,<sup>1</sup>a computerized Trauma Registry has been developed at the Trauma Unit of the Cook County Hospital, the
Ultrastructure of the Human Atrioventricular Node
Authors: THOMAS N. JAMES, LIBI SHERF
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Ultrastructure of the A-V node was studied in two human hearts. Fine details of intranodal cellular organization were then resynthesized on the basis of light microscopic examinations of over 250 human hearts. There are four different types of cells and no anatomic syncytium in the human A-V node: (1) a simple rounded cell identical to P cells of the sinus node, (2) a slender transitional cell which is by far the most numerous type in the A-V node, (3) Purkinie cells, and (4) ordinary working myocardium; both of the latter are almost exclusively at the nodal margins. The possible significance of these ultrastructural features relative to certain functions of the A-V node, such as pacemaking and delay of conduction, is discussed.
PERIPROSTHETIC UPTAKE PATTERNS AROUND THE FEMORAL COMPONENT OF FAILED CEMENTLESS HIP PROSTHESES
Authors: B D. Kunjummen, C Love, S E. Marwin, C J. Palestro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
An Evaluation of Certain Vasodilator Drugs by a Heat Flow Technic
Authors: B. N. CATCHPOLE, R. P. JEPSON
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The effects on the skin heat flow, using a copper-tellurium disc technic, of Tolazoline (Priscoline), Hydergine, Regitine and P-9295 when administered parenterally are compared with the results of reflex heat vasodilatation, in normal and atherosclerotic limbs.
Fiction as Resistance
Authors: Samuel Shem
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings3 December 2002Fiction as ResistanceSamuel ShemSamuel ShemBoston, MA 02199Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I was a writer before I was a doctor. From an early age I was concerned with suffering and understanding, and I often turned to stories for solace. I loved stories long before I knew they were an essence of good doctoring—shared stories that bring solace, understanding, and healing to others. During summers in high school and college, I worked as a toll collector on the Rip Van Winkle Bridge, and I asked for the midnight-to-eight shift so that I could read. I remember two summers when I went through all the Russians, in those pre-dawn, quiet moments in my ...References1. Chekhov A. Letter to Alexei Suvorin. 25 November 1892. In: Troyat H. Chekhov. Heim MH, trans. New York: Dutton; 1986:167. Google Scholar2. Stevens W. The Man with the Blue Guitar, lines 5–6. in: The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens. New York: Alfred A. Knopf; 1961:165. Google Scholar3. Shanafelt TD, Bradley KA, Wipf JE, Back AL. Burnout and self-reported patient care in an internal medicine residency program. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:358-67. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Collier VU, McCue JS, Markus A, Smith L. Stress in medical residency: status quo after a decade of reform? Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:384-90, 391-3. LinkGoogle Scholar5. Clever LH. Who is sicker: patients—or residents? Residents' distress and the care of patients. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:391-3. LinkGoogle Scholar6. Shem S. The House of God. New York: Dell; 1979:275. Google Scholar7. Shem S. The House of God. New York: Dell; 1979:276. Google Scholar8. Tolstoy L. What is art? in: What is Art? and Essays on Art. Maude A, trans. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1930:123. Google Scholar9. Salinger JD. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little Brown; 1945:25. Google Scholar10. Shem S. Mount Misery. New York: Ivy–Ballantine; 1998:497-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, MA 02199Note: Samuel Shem is the author's pen name. The author's real name is Stephen J. Bergman.Corresponding Author: Stephen J. Bergman, MD, PhD, MPM Capital 75 Bellevue Street, Newton, MA 02458; e-mail [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShame-to-cynicism conversion in The Citadel and The House of GodContinuity and ConnectionBasch Unbound— The House of God and Fiction as Resistance at 40From Competencies to Human InterestsA Compelling Practice: Empowering Future Leaders in the Medical Humanities 3 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 11Page: 934-937KeywordsEmotionsFatsMemoryPatientsRacial and ethnic issuesResidencySpineSurgeonsSurgeryVision ePublished: 3 December 2002 Issue Published: 3 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
117 SEROMARKERS FOR LONG-TERM PREDICTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RISK IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M.-H. Lee, H.-I. Yang, S.-N. Lu, C.-L. Jen, S.-H. Yeh, C.-J. Liu, P.-J. Chen, S.-L. You, L.-Y. Wang, W.-J. Chen, C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Spectrum of Appearance of Cold Sternal Metastases in Adults
Authors: ELIZABETH OATES, KATHLEEN M. STAUDINGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The sternum represents a relatively common site of osseous metastases in a variety of neoplasms. The usual presentation is increased tracer uptake on bone imaging; cold metastases are distinctly unusual. Additionally, these sternal lesions are often eccentric and lateral in location. This finding may be explained by the blood supply and lymphatic drainage to the sternum. Illustrated here are examples of cold sternal metastases in the presence of hot lesions elsewhere from four different primary malignancies (breast, renal, lung, and melanoma). Explanations for the photopenic appearance include an impalred blood supply and an aggressive, destructive process.
Hormonal changes in non-endocrine disease.
Authors: C G Semple
Journal: BMJ (1986)

work or family life.7These patients include the jet lagged businessman, the shift worker, and the bereaved.Benzodiazepines are generally useful in those with transient insomnia.Because the patient is not anxious and wants to keep alert the next day the doctor should choose a drug with minimal residual effects: temazepam or lormetazepam are preferable when the problem is to stay asleep (often the problem in shift workers), and triazolam when the subject cannot fall asleep-for example, in a hotel with traffic noise.Because of biological variation, however, more than one drug may need to be tried.Patients in hospital awaiting investiga- tions or operations may welcome longer acting drugs that provide some sedation the next day, but these must be withdrawn before discharge.Short term insomnia is not an automatic indication for a hypnotic.All too easily what starts as short term use for an emotional problem may slide into long term use, with rebound or even a withdrawal syndrome when the drug is stopped.If a drug is used the dosage should be moderate and the patient should be encouraged to take it intermittently.Difficulty in getting to sleep is the usual complaint but varies from night to night; the patient should be urged to try without drugs and to take them only ifunable to sleep after an hour or so.Drugs should not be needed after two weeks or so.If the patient is anxious a modest dose of a longer acting hypnotic or diazepam may be used with nimal risk of rebound; otherwise, a shorter acting compound in modest dose will minimise residual effects.Chronic insomnia is the most difficult type to manage, and careful assessment and general supportive measures are essential.Caffeine and alcohol may need to be restricted in the evening, and moderate exercise earlier in the day often helps.Psychiatric syndromes should be excluded, but antidepressants may be tried if other possible depressive symptoms such as poor appetite are present.Hypnotics should be resorted to only intermittently as these patients may end up using them long term and experiencing rebound and withdrawal symptoms if they try to stop.1 Again, use as needed is best as chronic insomniacs often vary greatly from night to night in the severity of their insomnma.The dosage of the hypnotic must be kept low: both residual and rebound effects increase sharply with increased dosage.The duration ofprescription must also be kept short, and in my view pleas to make benzodiazepines more freely available underestimate the hazards.9
A Novel TARP-Promoter-Based Adenovirus against Hormone-Dependent and Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wing-Shing Cheng, Robert Kraaij, Berith Nilsson, Laura van der Weel, Corrina M.A. de Ridder, Thomas H. Tötterman, Magnus Essand
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

TARP (T cell receptor γ-chain alternate reading frame protein) is a protein that in males is uniquely expressed in prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells. We have previously shown that the transcriptional activity of a chimeric sequence comprising the TARP promoter (TARPp) and the PSA enhancer (PSAe) is strictly controlled by testosterone and highly restricted to cells of prostate origin. Here we report that a chimeric sequence comprising TARPp and the PSMA enhancer (PSMAe) is highly active in testosterone-deprived prostate cancer cells, while a regulatory sequence comprising PSAe, PSMAe, and TARPp (PPT) has high prostate-specific activity both in the presence and in the absence of testosterone. Therefore, the PPT sequence may, in a gene therapy setting, be beneficial to prostate cancer patients that have been treated with androgen withdrawal. A recombinant adenovirus vector with the PPT sequence, shielded from interfering adenoviral sequences by the mouse H19 insulator, yields high and prostate-specific transgene expression both in cell cultures and when prostate cancer, PC-346C, tumors were grown orthotopically in nude mice. Intravenous virus administration reveals both higher activity and higher selectivity for the insulator-shielded PPT sequence than for the immediate-early CMV promoter. Therefore, we believe that an adenovirus with therapeutic gene expression controlled by an insulator-shielded PPT sequence is a promising candidate for gene therapy of prostate cancer.
TCT-468 Predictors Of Stent Thrombosis After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention And Risk for 30-Day Mortality: Analysis from the HORIZONS-AMI and EUROMAX trials
Authors: George Dangas, Philippe G. Steg, Roxana Mehran, Arnoud van 't Hof, Mikkel Schoos, Jayne Prats, Debra Bernstein, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)