tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Composition and State of Protein in Heart Muscle of Normal Dogs and Dogs with Experimental Myocardial Failure
Authors: ELLIS S. BENSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

In comparing protein composition of cardiac muscle of normal dogs and dogs with experimental valvular lesions and chronic heart failure, it was found that the concentration of actomyosin was lower in the experimental than in normal dogs. Furthermore, cardiac actomyosin in the experimental animals showed decreased viscosity, decreased viscosity response to ATP, and sedimentation patterns that differed from the normal.
The (Internal) Dangers of Acrylic Fingernails
Authors: Thomas L. Kurt
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The dangers of acrylic fingernails are not limited to those described in a recent<i>JAMA</i>Questions and Answers.<sup>1</sup> Methemoglobinemia has been reported in a 16-month-old child who drank a solution containing N,N-dimethyl-<i>p</i>-to-luidine used by her grandmother, a professional manicurist, in making artificial fingernails.<sup>2</sup> A series of serious (and one fatal) cyanide poisonings have occurred when children have ingested sculpted nail remover solvents, which contain acetonitrile and other nitriles. It is important to point out that these were initially confused with less serious acetone-containing standard nail polish removers. Acetonitrile (vinyl cyanide) and other nitriles are slowly metabolized in the body to cyanide, so that the serious manifestations of the ingestion usually occur several hours after the ingestion, sometimes after the child has been sent home from a medical facility.<sup>3,4</sup>
T cells in the lesion of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Enrichment for reactivities to myelin basic protein and to heat shock proteins.
Authors: F Mor, I R Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To characterize the cellular immune response in an autoimmune lesion, we investigated the accumulation of specific T cells in the central nervous system in actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, using a limiting dilution analysis (LDA) assay for T cells that proliferate in response to antigens. Lymphocytes isolated from the spinal cord infiltrate were compared with cells from the popliteal lymph nodes with respect to frequency of cells responding to basic protein (BP), mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), the 65-kD heat shock protein (hsp65), allogeneic brown norway spleen cells, and concanavalin A. Additionally, we compared the BP frequency in acute EAE of cells from the spinal cord, peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes, and the spinal cord and lymph node after recovery from EAE. We found that acute EAE was associated with marked enrichment of BP-reactive T cells in the spinal cord relative to their frequency in the lymphoid organs and peripheral blood. The infiltrate was also enriched for T cells responding to hsp65; alloreactive T cells, in contrast, were not enriched. The frequency of BP reactive T cells in the spinal cord was highest at the peak of paralysis; however, BP-reactive T cells could still be detected at moderate frequencies after clinical recovery. We established BP- and Mycobacteria-reactive T cell lines from the spinal infiltrates that were CD4+ and TcR alpha beta +. Most of the BP lines were found to react to the major encephalitogenic epitope of guinea pig BP for rats (amino acids 71-90); these lines were found to mediate EAE in naive recipients. T cell lines recognizing other epitopes of BP were not encephalitogenic. All of the lines responsive to Mycobacteria recognized hsp65 or hsp70. These results indicating that the immune infiltrate in active EAE is enriched with cells responding to the autoantigen and to hsp65 were confirmed in EAE adoptively transferred by anti-BP T cell clone.
Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen
Authors: Hiroyuki Marusawa, Shinji Uemoto, Makoto Hijikata, Yoshihide Ueda, Koichi Tanaka, Kunitada Shimotohno, Tsutomu Chiba
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Several recent reports have shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be frequently transmitted to the recipients from donors who have antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) through liver transplantation. We provide here the molecular evidence of latent HBV infection accompanied with ongoing viral replication in the liver tissue of anti-HBc–positive healthy individuals. HBV DNA was detectable in 13 of 14 healthy donors who were positive for both anti-HBc and antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), but in none of 3 who were positive for anti-HBs alone. The detected HBV genomes from these subjects included covalently closed circular DNA and pregenomic RNA, the replication intermediate of HBV. Notably, 5 of 7 cases tested were predominantly infected with wild type HBV strains without any mutations in the precore and core promoter regions under the presence of circulating antibody to hepatitis B e antigen. Interestingly, a predominant clone detected in one donor showed a 63-nucleotide deletion in the precore region including an encapsidation signal sequence. Our findings indicate that the majority of healthy individuals positive for anti-HBc, which had been assumed to denote a past history of transient HBV infection, were latently infected with the episomal form of HBV accompanied by ongoing viral replication and few nucleotide mutations in the precore and core regions.
A STUDY OF THE ANATOMY, PATHOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY OF SCOLIOSISALSO PRESENTING THE SCOLIOTONE, AN APPARATUS FOR ELONGATING AND LESSENING THE ROTATION OF THE SPINE IN LATERAL CURVATURE.
Authors: COMPTON RIELY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In search for more definite etiologic factors and further pathologic conditions in scoliosis, I have found it necessary to make a thorough analysis of the spine, the various motions which it allows, and the physiologic relation which it bears to the pelvis, ribs and various muscles acting directly or indirectly on it. I also wish to say something in regard to treatment. <h3>A STUDY OF THE ANATOMY OF THE SPINE.</h3> The spine is a flexible column which tapers in size from below upward. In the cervical region the bodies are broader from side to side and have a tendency to limit the lateral as compared with the anteroposterior motion. Their superior and inferior surfaces are concavo-convex, and, of course, favor the motions in flexion and extension, and to a less extent from side to side, but have a tendency to limit rotation. The articular processes in this region are oblique
[741] CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITORS ATTENUATE THE SEVERITY OF GALACTOSAMINE-LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY IN MICE
Authors: G.L. Tipoe, B.C. Liong, T.M. Leung, T.Y. Lau, A.A. Nanji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Autologous Blood Donation
Authors: Paul M. Kempen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article on autologous blood donation<sup>1</sup>was welcome and informative. Further aspects of optimal blood conservation deserve mention. Normovolemic hemodilution is an extremely useful anesthetic technique,<sup>2</sup>which can be used in conjunction with autologous donations to further avoid homologous transfusion. It is more underutilized than autologous donation and may be erroneously deferred because autologous blood is available. Seventeen of 44 patients in the autologous group undergoing orthopedic surgery required homologous blood.<sup>1</sup>The nadir hematocrit of 0.304 (30.4%) suggests that hemodilution was not attempted in these patients. In healthy adult patients without cerebrovascular, myocardial, or severe pulmonary disease, intraoperative hemodynamic stability and adequate oxygen transport can be maintained with stress-free anesthesia and a 100% inspired oxygen concentration with hematocrits as low as 0.20 (20%). In children, successful hemodilution with hematocrits between 0.10 (10%) and 0.20 (20%) is possible.<sup>3</sup>Hemodilution is safely done with
Treatment of Bell's Palsy
Authors: Lewis P. Rowland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Facial paralysis of abrupt onset is common. Few cases are associated with otic infection, and there is debate about possibly causal relations with diabetes, hypertension and pregnancy. Almost all cases are idiopathic (Bell's palsy).One theory ascribes the initial insult to unstable blood vessels, susceptible to excessive vasoconstriction on exposure to cold or other stimuli. Ischemia leads to swelling and compression of the nerve within its bony canal, thus aggravating the ischemia. But the relation to cold is uncertain; there is doubt about liability to compression since the nerve occupies less than 50 per cent of the canal; the postulated . . .
Prolonged effect of antihypertensive agents.
Authors: C d. B White, R B Royds, P Turner
Journal: BMJ (1974)

tion that in their experience with this drug the blood pressure, once controlled, may remain within noTmal limits for up to a month after stopping treatment.We have recently observed the same phenomenon after discontinuing therapy with indoramin in hypertensive patients,' when no¢motension may continue for considerably longer than four weeks.Indoramin -also has adrenoceptor blocking activity,23 Since prolonged normotension is seen after discontinuing other antihypertensive agents however,4 this effect may well be due to a common mechanism such as "barostat" resetting5 rather than a direct action of the drugs themselves.This phenomenon conplicates the de- sign of clinical trials, as Drs.Stokes and Weber point out.It also suggests4 that morbidity due rto antihypertensive agents could frequently be avoided by stopping or reducing the dose of these drugs afiter long periods of s,atisfactory 'blood pressure control.-Weare, etc.,
Polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA repair, cell growth, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and melanoma risk
Authors: F. Gu, A.A. Qureshi, P. Kraft, Q. Guo, D.J. Hunter, J. Han
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Few genetic risk factors for melanoma have been examined and confirmed. We examined five important candidate genes [MGMT, ICAM5, VEGFA (previously known as VEGF), MPO and TNF (previously known as TNFA)] involved in direct reversal DNA repair, cell growth, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, in relation to melanoma susceptibility. Eight candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were selected according to previous studies: MGMT 84Leu>Phe (rs12917), MGMT 143Ile>Val (rs2308321),1,VEGFA 398G>C (rs2010963), VEGFA 1967C>T (rs3025039),2,MPO−463G>A (rs2333227),3,TNF−487A>G (rs1800629),4,ICAM5 301Val>Ile (rs1056538) and ICAM5−542C>G (rs281439).5 Due to genotyping difficulty, the MPO−463G>A (rs2333227) was replaced by the MPO−764 T>C (rs2243828). Genotyping concordance between the two SNPs was 100% (http://snp500cancer.nci.nih.gov). We investigated the associations between these genetic variants and melanoma susceptibility in a nested case–control study of 219 incident melanoma cases and 219 matched controls within the Nurses' Health Study Cohort. The detailed information about the study population and laboratory assays is described elsewhere.6
Physical Symptoms and Physician-Experienced Difficulty in the Physician–Patient Relationship
Authors: Steven R. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: The practice of medicine has many expected and accepted challenges, but all physicians experience some patients as difficult to a degree that transcends these expectations. Physician-experienced difficulty is associated with a syndrome of three characteristics: patient psychopathology, abrasive interpersonal styles, and multiple physical symptoms. Objective: To assess the roles played by the number of physical symptoms and by specific symptoms in determining whether physician-experienced difficulty occurs. Design: New analyses of epidemiologic survey data from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) 1000 Study. Setting: Four primary care clinics. Participants: 627 ambulatory patients seen by 27 physicians. Measurements: Physician-experienced difficulty was measured by using the 10-item Difficult Doctor Patient Relationship Questionnaire (DDPRQ-10); patient-reported physical symptoms and physician-assessed psychopathology and somatoform symptoms were evaluated by using the PRIME-MD; and physical illnesses were measured by using a physician questionnaire. Results: The number of physical symptoms and the number of somatoform symptoms correlated with difficulty (r = 0.39 and r = 0.37, respectively; P < 0.001), and the correlations remained significant after adjustment for physical and mental disorders (r = 0.20 for both correlations; P < 0.001). Difficult patients were more likely to have each of 16 physical symptoms; the odds of being difficult were greater for patients with 1 of 5 particular symptoms (stomach pain, fainting, loose stools/diarrhea, palpitations, and sleep problems), even after adjustment for physical and mental disorders. All 10 items on the DDPRQ-10 were influenced by physical symptoms, particularly those items that asked about physician frustration and whether patients were manipulative and time consuming. Conclusions: The association between physical symptoms and difficulty is due in part to the association between physical symptoms and mental disorders, but symptoms also contribute independently to difficulty. The independent component of symptom-associated difficulty may be due to 1) differences between patient and physician in expectations about treatment and 2) the part that symptoms play in conferring the “sick role” on a patient.
DISTRIBUTION OF POST-TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY ASSESSED BY TWO KINDS OF POINT-OF-CARE PLATELET FUNCTION ANALYSIS IN KOREAN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANATION : A SINGLE CENTER, PILOT STUDY
Authors: Myung-Ki Seo, Tae-Jin Youn, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Jung-Won Suh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Model Framework for Identifying Genes that Guide the Evolution of Heterochrony
Authors: Lidan Sun, Meixia Ye, Han Hao, Ningtao Wang, Yaqun Wang, Tangren Cheng, Qixiang Zhang, Rongling Wu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Heterochrony, the phylogenic change in the time of developmental events or rate of development, has been thought to play an important role in producing phenotypic novelty during evolution. Increasing evidence suggests that specific genes are implicated in heterochrony, guiding the process of developmental divergence, but no quantitative models have been instrumented to map such heterochrony genes. Here, we present a computational framework for genetic mapping by which to characterize and locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that govern heterochrony described by four parameters, the timing of the inflection point, the timing of maximum acceleration of growth, the timing of maximum deceleration of growth, and the length of linear growth. The framework was developed from functional mapping, a dynamic model derived to map QTLs for the overall process and pattern of development. By integrating an optimality algorithm, the framework allows the so-called heterochrony QTLs (hQTLs) to be tested and quantified. Specific pipelines are given for testing how hQTLs control the onset and offset of developmental events, the rate of development, and duration of a particular developmental stage. Computer simulation was performed to examine the statistical properties of the model and demonstrate its utility to characterize the effect of hQTLs on population diversification due to heterochrony. By analyzing a genetic mapping data in rice, the framework identified an hQTL that controls the timing of maximum growth rate and duration of linear growth stage in plant height growth. The framework provides a tool to study how genetic variation translates into phenotypic innovation, leading a lineage to evolve, through heterochrony.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SEVERE PSYCHONEUROTIC IN THE ARMY AIR FORCES
Authors: JOHN W. BICK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

The severe life-long neurotic continues to be a problem in the army setting. Failure to detect the nature of his illness which often expresses itself early in basic training results in many useless hospital day and weeks lost in specialized training schools. An avoidance of an over-optimistic therapeutic attitude when applied to the severe psychoneurotic, together with a willingness to separate such patients from the service when necessary, will do much to lessen one of the army's foremost problems.
Surgery for ulcerative colitis in the era of the pouch: the St Mark's Hospital experience.
Authors: D M Melville, J K Ritchie, R J Nicholls, P R Hawley
Journal: Gut (1994)

The choice of operation for ulcerative colitis among 422 patients having all their surgery at one hospital between 1976 (the year of the first restorative proctocolectomy) and 1990, was reviewed. The 15 year period was divided into three quinquennia (1976-80, 1981-85, 1986-90). Elective surgery was performed in 316 patients with one operative death. The proportions of conventional proctocolectomy, colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, and restorative proctocolectomy for the three quinquennia were 36/60, 17/60, 4/60; 29/111, 30/111, 35/111; 30/145, 17/145, 75/145. Of 106 urgent operations with three postoperative deaths, 12 had a conventional proctocolectomy and 86 a colectomy with ileostomy and preservation of the rectum. Of 85 survivors of the latter there were two late deaths and in 13 no further surgery had been done at the time of this assessment. In the remaining 70 having subsequent surgery the proportion of conventional proctocolectomy, colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, and restorative proctocolectomy for the three quinquennia respectively were 19/27, 4/27, 14/27; 11/21, 2/21, 8/21; 5/22, 4/22, 13/22. Of the 76 patients having colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis 12 (16%) no longer had a functioning rectum at the end of 1990. Of the 153 patients having an ileoanal pouch procedure, 11 (7%) no longer had, a functioning anus. The study showed an increase in the numbers of patients having elective surgery for ulcerative colitis during the three quinquennia. It also showed a rise of restorative over conventional proctocolectomy with diminution in elective colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis in the last five year period.
Catalase-dependent peroxidative metabolism in the alveolar macrophage during phagocytosis
Authors: J. Bernard L. Gee, Charles L. Vassallo, Paul Bell, James Kaskin, R. E. Basford, James B. Field
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Evidence for the presence of peroxidative metabolism in rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) has been obtained from the following observations: (a) catalase is present in high concentrations; (b) peroxidase activity could not be detected employing guaiacol as substrate; (c) the irreversible inhibition of AM catalase by aminotriazole served as a detection system for H2O2 and demonstrated increased intracellular H2O2 after phagocytosis; (d) formate oxidation, a marker of catalase-dependent peroxidations, occurs in resting AM and is increased by phagocytosis; (c) measurements of H2O2 accumulation in a dialysate of AM demonstrated twofold increase during phagocytosis; and (f) aminotriazole diminishes O2 utilization and 14CO2 production from labelled glucose and pyruvate. It is concluded that, while catalase-dependent H2O2 metabolism is not essential for particle entry, this pathway represents one of the metabolic pathways stimulated by particle entry in the AM.
Homozygous Hemoglobin C Disease
Authors: Rick M Fairhurst, James F Casella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A Ghanaian child on routine screening had a hemoglobin of 9.0 g per deciliter, a hematocrit of 24.3 percent, a mean corpuscular volume of 53.8 μm, and a reticulocyte count of 1.6 percent.
Isolation of parietal cells from guinea-pig gastric mucosa and the immunological characterization of their antigenic structure.
Authors: D P Jewell, V N Katiyar, C Rees, K B Taylor, J P Wright
Journal: Gut (1975)

A method is described for the isolation of parietal cells from the gastric mucosa of the guinea pig by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. A suspension was obtained that contained 70-80% parietal cells. About 80% of the cells were viable immediately after incubation, but viability dropped sharply after one hour. Parietal cells were identified by their morphology on light and electron microscopy, by their uptake of neutral red, by immunofluorescent staining and by carbonic anhydrase activity. Antibodies to four distinct parietal-cell antigens were obtained from rabbits immunized with the isolated parietal cells or fractions thereof. These antibodies were directed against the microsomal fraction of the parietal-cell cytoplasm, the plasma and nuclear membranes, the soluble proteins, and Castle9s intrinsic factor. The antibody against the microsomal fraction, though reacting in the same way as the antibody to parietal cell canaliculi found in the serum of patients with pernicious anaemia, showed greater species specificity.
Reduced retention of radioprotective hematopoietic cells within the bone marrow microenvironment in CXCR4–/– chimeric mice
Authors: Adlen Foudi, Peggy Jarrier, Yanyan Zhang, Monika Wittner, Jean-Francois Geay, Yann Lecluse, Takashi Nagasawa, William Vainchenker, Fawzia Louache
Journal: Blood (2005)
HIGHER MORTALITY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS AFTER PCI IS ONLY PARTLY EXPLAINED BY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OR LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Tomas Konecny, Radim Spacek, Lujza Galkova, Krishen Somers, Marek Orban, Vladimir Konecny, Paul D. Scanlon, Charanjit S. Rihal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
CD16-mediated p21ras activation is associated with Shc and p36 tyrosine phosphorylation and their binding with Grb2 in human natural killer cells.
Authors: R Galandrini, G Palmieri, M Piccoli, L Frati, A Santoni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The Src homology (SH) 2/SH3 domain-containing protein Grb2 and the oncoprotein Shc have been implicated in a highly conserved mechanism that regulates p21ras activation. We investigated the involvement of these adaptor proteins in the signaling pathway induced by CD16 or interleukin (IL) 2R triggering in human natural killer (NK) cells. Both p46 and p52 forms of Shc were rapidly and transiently tyrosine phosphorylated upon CD16 or IL-2 stimulation with different kinetics. Shc immunoprecipitates from lysates of CD16- or IL-2-stimulated NK cells contained Grb2 and an unidentified 145-kD tyrosine phosphoprotein. Grb2 immunoprecipitates from anti-CD16-stimulated NK cells contained not only Shc, but also a 36-kD tyrosine phosphoprotein (p36). The interaction between Grb2 and Shc or p36 occurred via the Grb2SH2 domain as indicated by in vitro binding assays using a bacteriologically synthesized glutathione S-transferase-Grb2SH2 fusion protein. We also present evidence that p21ras is activated by CD16 and IL-2R cross-linking. Accumulation of guanosine triphosphate-bound Ras was detected within 1 minute and occurred with kinetics similar to inductive protein tyrosine phosphorylation and Grb2 association of Shc and p36 adaptor proteins.