tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Androgen Conjugates: Physiology and Clinical Significance
Authors: ROGER S. RITTMASTER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

HIRSUTISM in women is characterized by increased androgen production from the ovaries and/or adrenal glands and enhanced sensitivity of the skin to circulating androgens (1). Frequently these problems coexist. Serum levels of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) have been used as markers of overproduction of androgens or their precursors and are often elevated in hirsute women. It has been more difficult to find markers of skin sensitivity to androgens. Skin sensitivity to androgens is modulated by the enzyme 5α-reductase, which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the active androgen in the skin (2). Serum DHT levels, however, have not usually correlated with the presence or the degree of hirsutism. DHT is rapidly metabolized to other compounds, including androstanediol, androsterone, and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Over the past decade, physiological and clinical studies have suggested that androstanediol glucuronide, and possibly other androgen conjugates, may be biochemical markers of cutaneous androgen metabolism and action. Other studies have suggested that these androgen conjugates arise primarily from adrenal precursors and may be a marker of adrenal hyperandrogenism. The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the data concerning the physiological significance of androgen conjugates and to address the following question: "Are androgen conjugates a reflection of cutaneous androgen metabolism or is their correlation with hirsutism an epiphenomenon caused by the overproduction of androgen precursors in hirsute women?"
Liability for Temporary Mental Suffering
Authors: Howard Newcomb Morse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE DISPENSING OF GLASSES
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —When a man has been fifty years in practice (as I have been), he must depend on the printed page for the bulk of his medical news. That accounts for my having but recently learned (The Journal, July 26) that the Section on Ophthalmology passed a resolution deprecating the dispensing of glasses by medical men. May I venture the prediction that in practical results it will be disappointing. Perish the thought that any self-respecting ophthalmologist will persist in any practice that would render it increasingly difficult for the public to distinguish him from the optometrist; but such a man cannot waste his time in dodging imitators, and, in the dispensing of glasses, he was there first. He may even prefer to delegate this part of his work; but he can hardly refuse the practical demand of many patients that the work be done in this way (they
Abstract IA21: Panel Discussion: Survivorship Issues
Authors: Douglas A. Levine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract This one-of-a-kind discussion panel with a mix of both scientists and survivors, will help to bridge the gap between researchers and patients. The main goal is for scientists to appreciate issues of important priority to patients and understand where the ultimate fruits of their labors reside. Scientists will gain a better understanding of the complex issues surrounding first in human studies and the balance of efficacy and toxicity that face patients and doctors on a daily basis. Survivors and clinicians will appreciate the complex environment of drug development in the laboratory and how to take a lead compound through to clinical testing from a human trials perspective. We will discuss issues faced when trying to overcome barriers in improving ovarian cancer outcome and survival. Financial aspects of clinical trials and correlative science continually plague decision-making processes. In addition, how scientists can help advocates in bringing effective drugs into market even when the market share may be small. Scientists will have the opportunity to hear patient stories of diagnosis and treatment as well as specific survivorship issues and healthcare needs of survivors. The balance between efficacy and quality of life will also be discussed. Citation Format: Douglas A. Levine. Panel Discussion: Survivorship Issues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA21.
Unilateral Gallium-67 Uptake in Submandibular Salivary Gland Following Sialography
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, DAN NACHTIGAL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Intravenous administration of contrast media and oral ingestion of iodide have been suggested as possible causes for sialadenites, which are thus sometimes referred to as “iodine mumps.” Ga-67 uptake has not been described in such cases. However, uptake has been reported in the lungs and lymph nodes following lymphangiography, probably resulting from the inflammatory reaction to the contrast material in the pulmonary parenchyma and the lymph nodes. A case is presented with unilateral Ga-67 uptake in a submandibular salivary gland five days following sialography. It is therefore recommended to perform Ga-67 imaging in the evaluation of salivary gland pathology prior to sialography in order to avoid false-positive increased Ga-67 uptake following the procedure.
Anaphylaxis
Authors: Joseph F. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE proper treatment of anaphylaxis depends on several factors. These include the prompt recognition of the problem, the clinical setting in which the reaction occurs, the underlying mechanism of the reaction, and the drugs that can affect the reaction. It is the purpose of this report to consider each of these features. The term anaphylaxis was originally used to describe a severe, systemic reaction to injected substances in animals. The term has also been used to describe the symptom complex that occurs after the administration of an antigen to any suitably immunized subject and that is mediated by pharmacologically active materials.<sup>1</sup>In this sense, anaphylaxis denotes all allergic reactions in man manifested by systemic symptoms and signs. The symptom complex in man may involve the respiratory tract, the cardiovascular system, the eye, the skin, or the gastrointestinal tract, either singly or in combination. Cutaneous and respiratory reactions are the
PWE-040 Comfort Scoring For Endoscopic Procedures: Who Is Right – The Endoscopist, The Nurse Or The Patient?
Authors: H Rafferty, J Hutchinson, S Ansari, L-A Smith
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patient experience is a key aspect of endoscopy service quality. It is a Global Rating Scale (GRS) requirement to capture data on patient comfort. In our unit comfort scores are recorded by the endoscopist and by the endoscopy nurse using the Modified Gloucester Scale (1=no discomfort to 5=severe discomfort). Patients do not usually record a score. We suspected there may be differences in comfort assessment between these different groups, which may affect the value of this quality indicator. <h3>Methods</h3> Comfort data was prospectively collected from patients undergoing an endoscopic procedure (either an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS)), over a three week period (April–May 2013). Endoscopist and nurse recorded scores were collected for each procedure from the endoscopy documentation, and a patient comfort score was completed by the patient in the recovery area. The endoscopists and nurses were unaware that the comfort data was going to be studied. The wilcoxon matched pairs signal rank statistical test was used to look for comfort score differences between the groups. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 139 procedures were included in the analysis. The OGD mean comfort scores were: endoscopist 1.3 (SEM, 0.1), nurse 1.6 (SEM, 0.1), patient 1.4 (SEM, 0.1). A significant difference was found between the endoscopist and nurse comfort scores (p &lt; 0.01). No significant difference was found for FS comfort scores: endoscopist 1.8 (SEM, 0.1), nurse 1.6 (SEM, 0.1), and patient 1.8 (SEM, 0.2). For colonoscopy, the mean scores were: endoscopist 1.7 (SEM, 0.1), nurse 2.1 (SEM, 0.2), patient 1.6 (SEM, 0.2). A significant difference was found between patient and nurse comfort scores (p &lt; 0.01), but not between the patient and endoscopist comfort scores. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Endoscopy nurses gave a higher comfort score (more discomfort) than patients and endoscopists for OGD and colonoscopy, with no difference between the groups for FS comfort scores. These results suggest that the perception of procedure related discomfort differs between these three groups, particularly between endoscopists and nurses. As patient experience is a key aspect of endoscopy service quality, it is important to recognise that there are differences between the perceived comforts levels between the endoscopist, the nurse and the patient. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
CALCIUM METABOLISM OF BONE IN VITRO. INFLUENCE OF BONE CELLULAR METABOLISM AND PARATHYROID HORMONE*
Authors: Stein Schartum, George Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

metabolic activity of cells; second, to examine more directly which steps in the metabolic sequence and which metabolites of cells might be associated with mobilization of mineral from bone; and finally, to explore the effects prior treatment of the animals with parathyroid hormone might have on these phenomena. The results of these experiments indicate that 18 per cent of the Ca concentration maintained by normal living bones in their surrounding media was related to metabolic phenomena; about onehalf of this being associated with glucose metabolism. No direct correlation, however, could be found between rates of lactate production (previously shown to be the chief end-product of glucose metabolism in this tissue) and Ca concentration. Parathyroid hormone treatment increased the total concentration of calcium 17 per cent above normal controls. The mechanism of this action appeared to involve both an increase in the passive solubility of the bone mineral and changes in the pattern of cellular metabolic effects. No effects on total P concentrations were observed in any of the experiments with surviving bone samples.
Against direct perception
Authors: S. Ullman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1980)

Abstract Central to contemporary cognitive science is the notion that mental processes involve computations defined over internal representations. This view stands in sharp contrast to the “direct approach” to visual perception and cognition, whose most prominent proponent has been J.J. Gibson. In the direct theory, perception does not involve computations of any sort; it is the result of the direct pickup of available information. The publication of Gibson's recent book (Gibson 1979) offers an opportunity to examine his approach, and, more generally, to contrast the theory of direct perception with the computational/representational view. In the first part of the present article (Sections 2–3) the notion of “direct perception” is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and a number of objections are raised. Section 4 is a “case study”: the problem of perceiving the three-dimensional shape of moving objects is examined. This problem, which has been extensively studied within the immediate perception framework, serves to illustrate some of the inherent shortcomings of that approach. Finally, in Section 5, an attempt is made to place the theory of direct perception in perspective by embedding it in a more comprehensive framework.
Effective probiotic treatment is rarely cheap
Authors: Simon D McLaughlin, Sue K Clark, R John Nicholls, Paris P Tekkis, Paul J Ciclitira
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Use of Google as a diagnostic aid Bias your searchEditor-Although Google can be a valuable aid in reaching diagnoses in rare conditions, 1 the problem faced in a busy, fast-paced clinic can be the abundance of lesser quality material on the web."Biasing" or directing your search by adding the name of an online clinical knowledge base such as Emedicine can lead you to quality information more quickly; you avoid sifting through dozens of unknown journals, personal webpages, blogs, or discussion forums containing your search terms.For example, by typing "pigmented lesion+buccal" into Google you will get 55 000 hits with a vast array of very different material.However, typing "pigmented lesion+buccal+emedicine" provides only 106 hits (accessed 12 November 2006), the first being a comprehensive Emedicine review on Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. 2You get similar results by adding "BMJ" to the end of your search; in this case the top hit is an ABC of oral health article.
Synergistic effect of folate-mediated targeting and verapamil-mediated P-gp inhibition with paclitaxel -polymer micelles to overcome multi-drug resistance
Authors: Feihu Wang, Dianrui Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Yuxuan Chen, Dandan Zheng, Leilei Hao, Cunxian Duan, Lejiao Jia, Guangpu Liu, Yue Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
ASSOCIATION OF PLASMA MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 LEVELS WITH SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND VASCULAR STIFFNESS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Jonathan R. Murrow, Ibhar Al Mheid, Nino Kavtaradze, Sarfraz Ali, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Muhiddin Ozkor, Jesse Jorgensen, Saurabh Dhawan, Hamid Syed, Riyaz Patel, W. Craig Hooper, Christine DeStareck, R. Wayne Alexander, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Distribution of ABO Blood Groups in Children with Embryonic Tumours
Authors: J. D. Atwell
Journal: BMJ (1962)

FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER MDICJUT 89 fever, but in other reports and our own case it was without effect.In some reports cortisone has not helped (Lawrence and Mellinkoff, 1959).In our case cortico- steroids controlled the fever, and others report similar experience, some patients being treated with interrupted courses of steroids to coincide with and modify attacks (Bouroncle and Doan, 1957).It may be of significance that use of A.C.T.H. may precipitate a severe attack (Mamou and Cattan, 1952).However, special con- sideration must be given to the use of steroids in view of the uncertainty of their effect on the course of amyloidosis (see Teilum, 1952;West and Newns, 1952; Grayzel et al., 1956;Squire, 1960).Case I of Reimann (1949) failed to show improvement when elimination diets were tried, but a probable case described separately by Janeway and Mosenthal (1908) and Cooke (1933) remitted when milk wqs excluded from her diet, and Mellinkoff et al. (1961) obtained dramatic improvement by restricting dietary fat.This latter approach, which may have an important bearing on aetiology, and the use of chloroquine (D'Eshougues et al., 1960) appear at present to be the best treatment in preventing attacks, but the effect on the amyloidosis is unknown.Summary A case of familial Mediterranean fever presenting in England is described and our knowledge of this disease discussed.Our thanks are due to Professor E.
Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in active inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: M Esteve-Comas, M Ramirez, F Fernandez-Banares, A Abad-Lacruz, A Gil, E Cabre, F Gonzalez-Huix, J Moreno, P Humbert, M Guilera
Journal: Gut (1992)

Plasma fatty acid patterns were assessed by gas liquid chromatography in 73 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and 107 healthy controls. The influence of the disease activity on fatty acid profile was also investigated. Plasma fatty acid patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease were similar. Plasma C18:3n3 and C22:6n3 were significantly higher in active ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0143 and p &lt; 0.00001 respectively) and in Crohn9s disease (p &lt; 0.00001 for both) than in controls, whereas C20:3n6 was significantly lower in patients than in controls, both in ulcerative colitis (p = 0.0001) and in Crohn9s disease (p = 0.0041). In more severe disease, plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations fell with a significant stepwise decrease in the desaturation index (p = 0.0031 in ulcerative colitis and p = 0.0355 in Crohn9s disease). Even in patients with severe disease, however, plasma n3 fatty acids (C18:3n3 and C22:6n3) never fell below those of healthy controls. These findings suggest that in active inflammatory bowel disease, an increased biosynthesis might coexist with an increased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These observations may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of the disease as polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in tissue eicosanoid synthesis and cellular membrane function, including that of immunocompetent cells. These results also question the rationale of using n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Surgeon pleads guilty to risking patients' health
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A surgeon who performed operations knowing that he was a hepatitis B carrier faces a possible jail sentence after being convicted last week of causing a public nuisance. In what is thought to be an unprecedented case, Dr Umesh Gaud, aged 40, who worked at two London hospitals, pleaded guilty at Southwark crown court to knowingly endangering patients' health during heart and chest operations. Dr Gaud, of Mile End, east London, is believed to have infected …
Jack Lapides, MD
Authors: John W. Konnak
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Care and management of osteoarthritis in adults: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Philip G Conaghan, John Dickson, Robert L Grant
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Osteoarthritis refers to a syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced quality of life. It is the most common form of arthritis and one of the leading causes of pain and disability in the United Kingdom. The published evidence for osteoarthritis treatment has many limitations—typically, short duration studies using single drug treatments. However, people with osteoarthritis need to be aware of the treatments that represent core management and of the range of additional treatments available. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the care and management of osteoarthritis in adults.1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group's opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Holistic assessment and management of symptomatic osteoarthritis ### Core treatments Provide advice on the following to all people with symptomatic osteoarthritis:
Pathology of Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: CHARLES B. CARRINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The acute lesion in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia is an acute fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in which the alveoli are filled with many neutrophils and macrophages and abundant fibrin. There is only slight necrosis. Although characteristic, the lesion is not specific for this agent. However, the association with this lesion of myriad small pleomorphic rods, which stain well with Dieterle's silver-impregnation method but poorly or not at all with Gram-type stains, is uncommon except in Legionnaires' disease pneumonia. Final diagnosis requires isolation of the organism or immunofluorescent studies of the tissue, sera or both. The full spectrum of the pneumonia is not known, but organization has been reported once. No definite anatomic correlate for the extrathoracic manifestations of Legionnaires' disease has been identified nor has the organism been found at extrathoracic sites.
Increased frequency of the MZ phenotype of alpha-1-protease inhibitor in juvenile chronic polyarthritis.
Authors: P Arnaud, R M Galbraith, W P Faulk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Pi phenotypes of alpha-1-protease inhibitor were determined by isoelectric focusing and print immunofixation in 96 English children suffering from juvenile chronic polyarthritis. A significantly increased frequency of the MZ phenotype (10.41%) was found in comparison with a geographically matched control population (1.6%). The results of this study suggest that the possession of a Z-deficient allele of alpha-1-protease inhibitor could be a predisposing, aggravating, or perpetuating factor in the articular damage occurring in juvenile chronic polyarthritis.