tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS
Authors: R. Kawamura, Y. Kasama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Our observations show that young rabbits born of mothers afflicted with Schistosomum japonicum develop typical rickets. Rickets can also be produced if we infect the young, healthy rabbits with the same parasite. It is natural to suppose that the rachitic changes are caused by the parasite itself. Since, however, a similar disease can be produced in the offspring, when the mother is fed on egg yolk, the causation is not limited to the action of this parasitic toxin alone. The toxin of Schistosoma may disturb the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of bone in young animals, especially in the period of vigorous growth; that is, 20 to 40 days after birth of the rabbits. Or it may exhaust some element important in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism such as vitamin A or D. The fact that exhaustion of the antirachitic factor in the mother causes rickets in the young, as Grant (1924) showed, and that certain low grade infections can exhaust vitamin B as shown by Wedgewood (1924), is in line with this conception. It may be added here that most investigations on rickets have been carried out on rats and dogs. We have found a simple and excellent way of producing rickets in rabbits by dietary deficiency. Concerning this method, we shall report elsewhere.
Predictive factors in the outcome of pseudocysts complicating alcoholic chronic pancreatitis
Authors: B Gouyon, P Lévy, P Ruszniewski, M Zins, P Hammel, V Vilgrain, A Sauvanet, J Belghiti, P Bernades
Journal: Gut (1997)

To determine the clinical, biochemical, and/or morphological features which could predict the need for treatment of pseudocysts at diagnosis in a homogeneous population of patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.Between January 1983 and December 1993, all patients followed for alcoholic chronic pancreatitis complicated by pseudocysts and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan at diagnosis were studied retrospectively. Two groups of pseudocysts were considered according to their pattern of evolution and the therapeutic requirements. Group I included 45 pseudocysts that regressed spontaneously (25 patients) or that persisted without symptoms (20 patients). Group II included 45 pseudocysts with persisting symptoms or complications, requiring surgical or non-surgical treatment. The evolution of pseudocysts was monitored by CT scanning or abdominal ultrasound. Initial CT scans of all patients were reviewed by an experienced radiologist. For each patient with pseudocysts, the following morphological parameters were recorded: number of pseudocysts, maximal diameter, location, intrapancreatic or extrapancreatic development, complications related to the pseudocyst, pancreatic calcifications, enlargement of the main pancreatic duct, and signs of recent acute pancreatitis. Univariate analysis, and then multivariate analysis with all significant variables on univariate analysis were performed.On univariate analysis, location of pseudocysts in the pancreatic head and intrapancreatic development of pseudocysts were significantly more frequent in group I than in group II (78% versus 55%, p < 0.02 and 89% versus 60%, p < 0.001, respectively). The median diameter of pseudocysts was significantly smaller in group I than in group II (25 (10-110) mm and 40 (10-120) mm respectively, p < 0.001). No differences between groups I and II were found for the clinical or biochemical parameters. Multivariate analysis showed that the intrapancreatic development of pseudocysts and a diameter less than 4 cm were the only independent factors associated with a spontaneous and favourable outcome. These factors accounted for 20% of the total variance.Pseudocysts larger than 4 cm and extrapancreatic development can be considered independent predictive factors of persisting symptoms and/or complications in patients with pseudocysts and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.
Chylothorax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient
Authors: Clinton H. Doerr, Bruce A. Staats, Svetomir N. Markovic
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rarely complicated by chylothorax: we present a 93‐year‐old woman with CLL who developed recurrent pleural effusions that were ultimately found to be chylous in nature. Despite eight repeated thoracenteses, she continued to experience re‐accumulation of fluid, and therefore, video‐assisted thoracotomy with mass ligation of the thoracic duct region plus pleurodesis was performed to resolve the chylothorax. Despite her age and underlying disease, she did well during follow‐up. The etiology and management of chylothorax are also reviewed. Am. J. Hematol. 70:237–240, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring drug treatment
Authors: M. Pirmohamed
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Criteria used for screening tests should apply to monitoring 

We all want our treatments to work, and none of us wishes treatment to cause harm. Monitoring drug treatment is one way of seeing that a treatment works, while protecting the patient from adverse drug effects. For many patients and many treatments clinical evaluation is sufficient. An example is measuring the blood pressure in a patient on antihypertensive treatment. When therapeutic goals cannot always be directly observed, monitoring may require blood tests in order to know whether they have been reached. An obvious example is the measurement of the international normalised ratio (INR) in patients treated with warfarin. As well as ensuring that the therapeutic goal, the prevention of thrombosis, is likely to be met,1 measuring the INR helps to avoid the risk of haemorrhage, which rises steeply as the INR increases above 2.0.2

Monitoring treatment to anticipate or detect adverse reactions to drugs before they become inevitable or irreversible is clearly important. Upwards of half of the entries in the electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC) suggest monitoring of one kind or another.3 However, for a monitoring test for an adverse drug reaction to be useful clinically, it should satisfy …
Trace derivatization of cytosine with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride and dimethyl sulfate.
Authors: D H Fisher, J Adams, R W Giese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Methods are being developed for derivatizing trace amounts of DNA adducts for ultimate determination by gas chromatographic techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography is used to optimize appropriate derivatization reactions for the determination of cytosine. A single vial reaction scheme involves acylation with electrophoric pentafluorobenzoylchloride followed by alkylation with dimethyl sulfate. Currently, the overall yield for this reaction starting with 50 nmole of cytosine is 59 +/- 4.6%.
Relation between mutations in the basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus and precore mutations, HBV genotypes and viral replication
Authors: X. Costa, R. Jardi, M. Buti, F. Rodriguez-Frias, M. Cotrina, M. Martell, F.Sanchez Avila, R. Esteban, J. Guardia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
The Coping Styles of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Are Associated With Degree of Metabolic Control
Authors: Marit Graue, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Edvin Bru, Berit Rokne Hanestad, Oddmund Søvik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To systematically study the various coping styles in a population-based sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, exploring the association of different coping styles with metabolic control and adolescent self-reported diabetes-related quality of life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Of a total population of 116 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (age 13–18 years), 103 (89%) participated in the study, completing a questionnaire to obtain information on coping styles and perception of diabetes-specific quality of life. The mean age (±SD) was 14.9 ± 1.6 years, diabetes duration 7.1 ± 3.8 years, HbA1c 9.4 ± 1.6%, and male-to-female ratio 52:51. RESULTS—There was a significant correlation between higher HbA1c values and higher degree of mental (r = 0.25, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and behavioral (r = 0.33, P &amp;lt; 0.01) disengagement and aggressive coping (r = 0.33, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that greater use of aggressive coping (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and behavioral disengagement (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were significantly related to increase in HbA1c. Greater use of active coping (P &amp;lt; 0.05) was significantly related to a decrease in HbA1c. Partial correlation analysis showed that lower scores on diabetes-specific quality of life were significantly related to greater use of emotion-focused coping (r = −0.22 to −0.49). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that greater use of mental disengagement was significantly related to lower degree of perceived diabetes-related impact. CONCLUSIONS—Poor metabolic control and lower degree of diabetes-related quality of life are associated with greater use of emotion-focused coping in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Abstract 4796: Carfilzomib and ONX 0912 reduce the level of STAT3 phosphorylation in human B-cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jing Jiang, Christopher J. Kirk, Tony Muchamuel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and the tetrapeptide ketoepoxide carfilzomib (CFZ), have shown strong antitumor activity in patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Anti-tumor responses are due to direct tumor cell cytotoxicity but may also involve effects on transcription factors such as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). AIM: To evaluate the effect on STAT phosphorylation in NHL by proteasome inhibitors as a possible mechanism of antitumor activity. METHODS: The human lymphoma cell lines HS-Sultan and Mino were used for this study. In vitro studies involved overnight incubation of cells with DMSO, carfilzomib or ONX 0912 by flow cytometric analysis for STAT3 and STAT5 phosophorylation. In vivo studies, utilized NIH III immunocompromised mice implanted with HS-Sultan cells and single dose administration with carfilzomib or ONX 0912 when tumors reached 200 mm3. Twenty four hours after dosing, tumor cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Carfilzomib and ONX 0912 resulted in suppressed STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in both cell lines in vitro and in vivo. No effects on the level of STAT5 phosphorylation were detected. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that carfilzomib and ONX 0912 exert an anti-tumor effect against human B-cell lymphoma in part through alterations in STAT3 phosphorylation levels. This is the first report that proteasome inhibitors can reduce STAT3 activation in human B-cell lymphomas in vivo. These data support the further evaluation of carfilzomib and ONX 0912 as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of NHL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4796. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4796
Studies on the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Development of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for autoreactive T cells.
Authors: P B Hausman, C E Moody, J B Innes, J J Gibbons, M E Weksler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for autoreactive murine T cells have been developed. These antibodies inhibit proliferative response of splenic T cells activated by syngeneic spleen cells. These antibodies have no effect on the proliferative response of T cells activated by allogeneic spleen cells or PHA. The number of splenic T cells that react with these monoclonal antibodies is comparable in several normal mouse strains.
A young woman with episodic angioedema, papilledema, and eosinophilia
Authors: Luke Y.C. Chen, Emily J. Lai, David R. Collins, David N. Ostrow, Gayatri M. Sreenivasan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

A physician or group of physicians considers presentation and evolution of a real clinical case, reacting to clinical information and data (boldface type).This is followed by a discussion/commentary.
Senior Tories admit NHS reorganisation was worst mistake since being in government
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Senior Conservative politicians have admitted that their controversial reorganisation of the NHS in England was the worst mistake they have made since being in government, the Times newspaper has reported.

The report claims that Prime Minister David Cameron and Chancellor George Osborne regretted their failure to understand the scale and effects of the plans devised by the former health secretary Andrew Lansley, described by one insider as “unintelligible gobbledygook.”1

It said that Downing Street officials now regarded the changes as a “huge strategic error,” with a former adviser to Number 10 quoted as saying, “No one apart from Lansley had a clue what he was really embarking on, certainly not …
Tissue engineered bulking agent with adipose-derived stem cells and silk fibroin microspheres for the treatment of intrinsic urethral sphincter deficiency
Authors: Li Bing Shi, Hong Xia Cai, Long Kun Chen, Yan Wu, Shou An Zhu, Xiao Nan Gong, Ya Xian Xia, Hong Wei Ouyang, Xiao Hui Zou
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic therapy in myocardial infarction and stable angina
Authors: G. Y H Lip
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The use of thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction is now established beyond doubt. However, primary angioplasty is now proved to be an effective alternative and is used increasingly in preference to thrombolysis in many centres worldwide. Electrocardiogram indicating acute inferior myocardial infarction ### Thrombolytic treatment Current key issues relate to the clinical situations in which thrombolysis may be beneficial or contraindicated. For example, all patients with a history suggesting cardiac ischaemia and accompanying electrocardiographic changes indicating acute myocardial infarction should be considered for thrombolysis. However, patients with only ST segment depression on an electrocardiogram or with a normal electrocardiogram do not benefit from thrombolysis, and treatment should therefore be withheld. Exceptions to this are when there is evidence of new development of left bundle branch block or a true posterior myocardial infarction (shown by ST segment depression with dominant R waves present in leads V1 and V2). These situations require thrombolytic treatment. ### Indications and contraindications for thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction #### Indications #### Contraindications ##### Absolute #### Relative
A platelet-mediated system for shuttling blood-borne bacteria to CD8α+ dendritic cells depends on glycoprotein GPIb and complement C3
Authors: Admar Verschoor, Michael Neuenhahn, Alexander A Navarini, Patricia Graef, Ann Plaumann, Amelie Seidlmeier, Bernhard Nieswandt, Steffen Massberg, Rolf M Zinkernagel, Hans Hengartner, Dirk H Busch
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Trips of Slips
Authors: Ernest S. Palmerton
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the article entitled "The Trips of Slips" by Dove et al (243:537, 1980). In the hospital where I work, use of laboratory slips is as follows: The laboratory requests are made on slips that are printed in triplicate. When the laboratory makes the report, the original copy goes at once to the patient's chart; the first carbon goes to the physician who requested the report, and the second carbon stays in the laboratory on record for a certain length of time. Even in a large hospital with a big staff and much more laboratory work than is done in our hospital, this system would certainly work better than any system that takes up to 27 days for the slips to get on the patient's record. I work in a hospital that is run by the air force. These slips are printed by the Government
Tay-Sachs Disease in Two Sinhalese Children
Authors: C. C. de Silva, G. E. Tennekoon
Journal: BMJ (1955)

view of the recent report suggesting a more immediate action of L-triiodothyronine as compared with L-thyroxine in myxoedema (Rawson et al., 1953) it might be advisable to administer this new compound-to patients of the type described here.Certainly an expectant attitude is not justified when coma develops in a patient with myxoedema. SummaryThe case is reported of a patient with myxoedema, as proved by clinical and laboratory studies as well as by post-mortem examination, who died in coma.No other cause of death than myxoedema could be found.Myxoedema coma is a rare occurrence which appears to be irreversible with the available therapeutic means.The disease responsible for the myxoedema in the present case was Hashimoto's struma.We are indebted to Dr. Dor for performing the radio-iodine concentration test.
37TNF-α mediated monocyte adhesion: role of ephrinA1 as potential link to atherosclerosis
Authors: G Ende, DM Poitz, A Augstein, E Wiedemann, P Barthel, A Maennel, J Friedrichs, C Werner, RH Strasser, S Jellinghaus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Eph-receptors represent the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Eph-receptors and their cognate ephrin-ligands are cell-surface proteins, which are able to generate bidirectional signaling. Eph/ephrin interactions are essential in a variety of processes like tumor biology and inflammation. However, the impact of Eph/ephrin-interactions in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is still not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the Eph/ephrin-system in the TNF-α mediated monocyte adhesion.
Contempo '81. Psychiatry
Authors: R. M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Because the different depressive disorders are the most common of psychiatric illnesses in the community,<sup>1</sup>a source of substantial morbidity and mortality, and very frequently encountered by all physicians, the pace of current progress is worth highlighting. <h3>Epidemiology of Depression</h3> Depression can occur as a normal mood variant, as a symptom of another psychiatric or medical disorder ("secondary depression"), or as a diagnosable syndrome ("primary depression"). Solid epidemiologic data based on reliable diagnostic criteria differentiate these disorders in the community, showing a point prevalence of 4% and a lifetime risk of 18% for an episode of "major depression"; adding less severe depressions, the rates increased to 6% and 25%. In medical populations the prevalence is even higher.<sup>2</sup>Most ill persons do not receive specific treatment, but do make relatively frequent visits to nonpsychiatric physicians.<sup>3,4</sup>Clinically significant depressions are about twice as common in women than men,<sup>5</sup>
Induction of Noxa Sensitizes Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Expressing Mcl-1 to the Small-Molecule Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Inhibitor, ABT-737
Authors: Kenji Okumura, Shengbing Huang, Frank A. Sinicrope
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The intrinsic drug resistance of colorectal cancers is related in part to overexpression of prosurvival Bcl-2 family proteins. We determined the effects of ABT-737, a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL but not Mcl-1, on apoptosis induction alone and in combination with CPT-11 and explored mechanisms underlying their cooperativity. Experimental Design: Human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT116 wild-type and Bax-/-, HT-29, and RKO) were incubated with ABT-737 alone and combined with CPT-11 or bortezomib, and cell viability, caspase cleavage, and Annexin V labeling were measured. In drug-treated cell lines, protein-protein interactions were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. Lentiviral short hairpin RNA was used to knockdown Noxa expression. Results: ABT-737 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and its coadministration with the topoisomerase I inhibitor, CPT-11, resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Apoptosis induction by the drug combination was associated with enhanced caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage that were completely abrogated in Bax knockout cells. ABT-737 unsequestered the BH3-only protein Bim from its complex with Bcl-xL or Bcl-2 and disrupted the interaction of Bcl-xL with Bak. CPT-11 treatment up-regulated Noxa expression, as did bortezomib, and enhanced Noxa/Mcl-1 complexes. CPT-11 also disrupted the Mcl-1/Bak interaction. Knockdown of Noxa using short hairpin RNA lentiviral constructs was shown to significantly attenuate the cytotoxic effect of CPT-11 or bortezomib combined with ABT-737 and inhibited caspase-3 cleavage. Conclusions: Induction of Noxa by CPT-11 or bortezomib can sensitize colorectal cancer cells expressing Mcl-1 to ABT-737. Up-regulation of Noxa may therefore represent an important strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ABT-737 against colorectal cancer and other solid tumors.
Heatstroke From Running
Authors: John R. Sutton
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Hanson and Zimmerman (242:154, 1979) points to a new aspect of an old problem now appearing on the clinical scene, heatstroke. The present problem is with the young and healthy who collapse on hot and humid days while fun running. As we have shown<sup>1</sup>such incidents as heatstroke are occurring in fun runners even when environmental conditions would not ordinarily have been suspected to predispose to heat injury. Experience with Sydney's<i>The Sun</i>City-to-Surf Run, now in its tenth year, has resulted in a number of recommendations to prevent and treat victims of heat injury. This run now attracts 21,000 to 22,000 entrants annually, and the accumulated experience since the first race in 1971, with 2,005 entrants, to the present is with approximately 93,563 runners.<sup>2</sup> Since the inaugural race, when 29 runners collapsed, the incidence of heat casualties has declined mainly from rescheduling
Hemodynamic Effects of Morphine and Pentazocine Differ in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Edwin L. Alderman, William H. Barry, Anthony F. Graham, Donald C. Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The hemodynamic effects of 8 mg of morphine given intravenously to eight patients were compared in a randomized, double-blind protocol with the effects of 48 mg of intravenous pentazocine given to nine patients. All 17 patients had arteriographically proved coronary-artery disease. Administration of morphine significantly decreased oxygen consumption (-11.6 per cent), cardiac index (-8.6 per cent) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (-20.5 per cent). In contrast, pentazocine significantly elevated mean aortic pressure (+12.5 per cent), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (+20.2 per cent) and mean pulmonary-artery pressure (+36.3 per cent). Because of the different effects of morphine and pentazocine on cardiac output and arterial pressure, cardiac work was decreased 8.2 per cent by morphine and increased 22.1 per cent by pentazocine. The differing hemodynamic effects of morphine and pentazocine suggest that consideration should be given to each patient's cardiovascular status before administration of these analgesic drugs and to the hemodynamic effects of the agent selected.
PERSISTENT INTRAVENTRICULAR DYSSYNCHRONY IMPAIRS LEFT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC FUNCTION DURING ACUTE WITHDRAWAL OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH EXTENSIVE LEFT VENTRICLE REVERSE REMODELING
Authors: Radu-Gabriel Vatasescu, Alexandra Vasile, Corneliu Iorgulescu, Dana Constantinescu, Diana Zamfir, Maria Dorobantu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)