tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis
Authors: Lale Say, Doris Chou, Alison Gemmill, Özge Tunçalp, Ann-Beth Moller, Jane Daniels, A Metin Gülmezoglu, Marleen Temmerman, Leontine Alkema
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundData for the causes of maternal deaths are needed to inform policies to improve maternal health. We developed and analysed global, regional, and subregional estimates of the causes of maternal death during 2003–09, with a novel method, updating the previous WHO systematic review.MethodsWe searched specialised and general bibliographic databases for articles published between between Jan 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2012, for research data, with no language restrictions, and the WHO mortality database for vital registration data. On the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria, we analysed causes of maternal death from datasets. We aggregated country level estimates to report estimates of causes of death by Millennium Development Goal regions and worldwide, for main and subcauses of death categories with a Bayesian hierarchical model.FindingsWe identified 23 eligible studies (published 2003–12). We included 417 datasets from 115 countries comprising 60 799 deaths in the analysis. About 73% (1 771 000 of 2 443 000) of all maternal deaths between 2003 and 2009 were due to direct obstetric causes and deaths due to indirect causes accounted for 27·5% (672 000, 95% UI 19·7–37·5) of all deaths. Haemorrhage accounted for 27·1% (661 000, 19·9–36·2), hypertensive disorders 14·0% (343 000, 11·1–17·4), and sepsis 10·7% (261 000, 5·9–18·6) of maternal deaths. The rest of deaths were due to abortion (7·9% [193 000], 4·7–13·2), embolism (3·2% [78 000], 1·8–5·5), and all other direct causes of death (9·6% [235 000], 6·5–14·3). Regional estimates varied substantially.InterpretationBetween 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide. More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. These analyses should inform the prioritisation of health policies, programmes, and funding to reduce maternal deaths at regional and global levels. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability and quality of data related to maternal mortality.FundingUSAID, the US Fund for UNICEF through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to CHERG, and The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research.
Anatomy in the Gallery
Authors: Chloe Veltman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A rotating exhibition programme at the International Museum of Surgical Science, Chicago, United States. The current installations will be on display until 22 April 2005 http://www.imss.org/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> A small, blue blanket sits upon a medical examination table, as if a child has mislaid it there. It looks soft, but feels surprisingly rough to the touch. Upon closer inspection, the blanket reveals itself to be crocheted not out of wool but from … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Christopher Francis Howard Vickers
Authors: T. Stewart, D. Vickers, P. Vickers, M. Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Christopher Francis Howard Vickers (“Chris”) was born in Congleton, Cheshire. After graduating he was intent on specialising in cardiology, but while holding a post as medical registrar at Sheffield Royal Infirmary he was persuaded by I B Sneddon to try dermatology, to which he devoted the rest of his clinical career. He later became a senior registrar at St John’s Hospital for Diseases of the Skin and also Great Ormond Street, spending a year as a …
A memorable patient: A stitch in time
Authors: W. X Shandera
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We met James in our former hospital. He was completely British in manner, speech, and affect. Unfortunately, his British genes included a propensity towards severe angina and occluded coronaries would hasten his demise. He was thin but not all his weight loss was coronary cachexia. He was also HIV positive. He claimed that he had acquired HIV through a transfusion after a car accident, an accident in which his wife was killed.

James accepted his HIV state, but not as readily the coronary disease. He knew his disease processes well, and was often better informed than we were. When angioplasties were performed to the locally allowed limit, he found a doctor 200 miles away who did laser angioplasty. He liked me because I had clerked as a student in cardiology at Hammersmith Hospital. That established my …
Pertussis Vaccine Encephalopathy
Authors: John H. Menkes
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor. —  There is scarcely a subject in pediatric neurology that has evoked more controversy among both professional and lay groups than the neurological complications that have been encountered following pertussis immunization. It would therefore have been prudent on the part ofThe Journalto provide its readers with more than one point of view.  Cherry, 1 in his editorial, calls for an end to the myth of pertussis vaccine encephalopathy. Before we heed his call, the following facts must be considered.  Pertussis toxin, whose concentration in pertussis vaccine varies from one batch to the next, is not a harmless substance. It can attach itself to neuronal membrane receptors and by adenosine diphosphate—ribosylation modify the adenylate cyclase system in such a way as to impair the action of inhibitory neurotransmitters and enhance the action of excitatory neurotransmitters. 2,3 Whereas in the vast majority of instances the blood-brain barrier
Rational restriction of out of hours requests for haematology tests.
Authors: O. H. Gyde, M. J. Leyland
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The median length of treatment was four weeks, ranging from one to six weeks for recombinant tumour necrosis factor a and from one to nine weeks for recombinant interferon gamma.The median cumula- tive doses achieved were 105 [ig (range 10-300) for recombinant tumour necrosis factor a and 1500 [ig (range 400-1900) for recombinant interferon gamma.The toxicity associated with recombinapt tumour necrosis factor a was considerable and independent of dose.Six patients had severe rigors.One patient had a cardiovascular collapse with unrecordable blood pressure and pulse after an injection of 10 [ig into the lesion.He was resuscitated with intravenous fluids and steroids.A second patient, with cerebral metastases, developed severe rigors, which were followed by generalised convulsions.Treatment with recombinant tumour necrosis factor a was stopped in these two patients and continued with recombinant interferon gamma alone.Important haematological, hepatic, or renal toxicity was not seen.None of the subcutaneous lesions injected with recombinant tumour necrosis factor a regressed.One patient was injected twice into the lesion with both cytokines in combination, again with no response.Metastases advanced in more than one site in all patients.1 Soehnlen B, Liu R, Salmon SE.Recombinant tumor necrosis factors exhibit antitumor activity against clonogenic human tumor cells and synergism with gamma interferon.
THE PRODUCTION OF FEVER BY INFLUENZAL VIRUSES
Authors: Ivan L. Bennett, Robert R. Wagner, Virgil S. LeQuire
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

The mechanism of the fever caused by the intravenous injection of viruses of the influenza group in rabbits has been studied by observing the effect of repeated injections of the same or heterologous viruses. An initial injection of the PR8 strain of influenza A, the Lee strain of influenza B, or the "B" strain of NDV conferred tolerance to the pyrogenic effect of homologous virus administered on the following day. The period of tolerance lasted approximately 11 days. Prior injection of virus appeared also to protect against the lymphopenic action of homologous strains. These viruses were found to confer tolerance to the fever-producing effect of heterologous strains in an order corresponding to their positions in the receptor gradient of Burnet. Heated virus preparations appeared to confer tolerance in proportion to survival of hemagglutinin. Tolerance is probably unrelated to specific antibody formation since it is lost during a period of rapid immune response and heterologous strains exert a protective effect. No cross-tolerance was demonstrable between viruses and bacterial pyrogens and reticulo-endothelial blockade with thorotrast failed to modify the unresponsiveness of animals to 2nd day injections of homologous virus. Prevention of fever with antipyrine did not interfere with the protective effect of initial injections of virus. Arguments for and against a hypothesis that union of the virus particle with a receptor substance may play a part in the production of fever by these viruses are discussed.
Effect of an intervention programme on the physical activity participation patterns among school going children in South Africa
Authors: J Phillips, T Figaji
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

A steady decrease in the levels of physical activity during childhood and adolescents has been noted in various parts of the world. The picture of low physical activity levels in developed countries is no different in developing countries. Children spend the majority of their day at school therefore a school setting is ideal to conduct physical activity intervention studies. The primary aim of this study was to measure the effect of an intervention programme on the physical activity participation patterns among school going children and adolescents. The conveniently selected sample from an urban independent Catholic school included all learners from grade 5 to 7 with parental consent. Baseline data included among others, patterns of physical activity participation, and support for physical activity. Physical activity was assessed with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents.1 Learners were requested to indicate on how many days of the week preceding the study they participated in vigorous (VPA) and moderate activities for at least 20 min. Support for physical activity from friends and family was also measured.2 The 12-week Promoting Lifestyle activity for Youth (PLAY) programme3 was implemented at the school. Two weeks after the programme, repeat measurement of variables was collected. The mean number of sessions of VPA per week was higher after the intervention programme (3.71 days) than before (3.17 days; p&lt;0.05) and higher levels of support from family for physical activity was reported. The mean number of sessions of moderate physical activity increased with the frequency of family and friends social support. All bivariate correlations between the family and friends social support variables and moderate physical activity were positive and some were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) The results of the study indicated that intervention programmes such as PLAY have the potential to increase the levels of physical activity participation and support from family for physical activity among learners.
Tumor-specific delivery of BSH-3R for boron neutron capture therapy and positron emission tomography imaging in a mouse brain tumor model
Authors: Yoshiya Iguchi, Hiroyuki Michiue, Mizuki Kitamatsu, Yuri Hayashi, Fumiaki Takenaka, Tei-ichi Nishiki, Hideki Matsui
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Detection of coronary atherosclerosis in young adult hearts using intravascular ultrasound.
Authors: F G St Goar, F J Pinto, E L Alderman, P J Fitzgerald, E B Stinson, M E Billingham, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Coronary atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in young adults by postmortem pathology. Angiographic evaluation of coronary disease in young adults is limited by ethical issues and the insensitivity of angiography for detecting early pathology. Catheter-based intracoronary ultrasound has proven useful both in detecting and quantitating coronary disease, but the ultrasound appearance of young, angiographically normal, coronary arteries has not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five subjects were examined with intracoronary ultrasound within 1 month of cardiac transplantation. Mean age of the donor hearts was 28 years (range, 14-43 years). Measurements of an index of intimal thickening were obtained at four left anterior descending coronary artery sites in each patient. All study patients had angiographically normal coronary arteries. Ultrasound in 14 subjects demonstrated a three-layered appearance of the coronary vessel wall with a mean intimal index of 0.16 +/- 0.07. The other 10 subjects, including all donors under the age of 25 years, had coronary vessel wall layers too thin to be imaged separately at the 30-MHz sound frequency. Five subjects had ultrasound evidence of focal intimal thickening greater than 500 microns. The donors of these hearts each had risk factors for coronary artery disease. Two subjects died within 5 weeks of their ultrasound study. Histological measurements of the vessel wall layers were similar to the corresponding ultrasound values. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a reference for the intravascular ultrasound appearance of young adult coronary arteries and confirms pathology findings that young subjects with angiographically normal vessels have a range of coronary intimal thickening, which includes occasional evidence of focal, early atheromatous lesions.
Premarital HIV Screening-Reply
Authors: Edward A. Belongia
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  We agree with Dr Mercola that the cost of identifying a person with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently lower than our original estimate, although variations in the cost of testing limit the accuracy of this analysis. Dr Mercola, however, fails to recognize that a reduction of the cost estimate does not alter the main point of our letter: that premarital screening for HIV infection does not represent rational or effective public health policy. The goal of any screening program should be the prevention of additional illness. There is no evidence that this goal has been accomplished in Illinois. The prevalence of HIV infection is extremely low among marriage license applicants and the number of cases prevented is likely to be much lower than the number of cases identified. During 1988, twenty-six (0.017%) of 155 458 Illinois marriage license applicants were seropositive, but it is not
Detection of DNA fusion junctions for BCR-ABL translocations by Anchored ChromPET
Authors: Yoshiyuki Shibata, Ankit Malhotra, Anindya Dutta
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Anchored ChromPET, a technique to capture and interrogate targeted sequences in the genome, has been developed to identify chromosomal aberrations and define breakpoints. Using this method, we could define the BCR-ABL1 translocation DNA breakpoint to a base-pair resolution in Philadelphia chromosome-positive samples. This DNA-based method is highly sensitive and can detect the fusion junction using samples from which it is hard to obtain RNA or cells where the RNA expression has been silenced.
Helping Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE DIETARY OF HEART DISEASE.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Nothing is more important in the management of cardiac affections than the regulation of the diet, which should include the determination of the amount as well as the quality of the food ingested. At the very outset we are confronted by certain perplexing problems that arise from circulatory disturbances in the digestive organs and by want of definite knowledge concerning alterations in secretion and absorption brought about through venous stasis. It is still more complicated because of alteration in the metabolic processes incident to changes in the blood-supply of the various organs and tissues. Indeed, the problems confronting us are so complex and have been so inadequately worked out as yet by physiologic chemists that, even were there no time limitations to this paper, I could not hope to do more than consider this subject very superficially. In the first place, what are the effects of passive congestion on the
The SADE System: An Endoscopic Database Manager
Authors: J Westerheim, L Aabakken, B Hofstad, S Larsen, M Osnes
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The development of the SADE database manager was commenced in 1985 since no commercially available systems were suited for the needs of a large endoscopy unit. Over a period of five years, this database was programmed, revised and enhanced through the joint efforts of gastroenterologists and programmers, the SADE system being implemented for daily use on 1 January 1989. The patient administration and medical record modules are fully implemented and functional, while the statistical module has only recently been finished. The present features of the system are described, and the limitations discussed. Instant report generation and direct access to previous medical data are the most immediate benefits of the system. The initial intention to have structured anamnestic data had to be modified to suit the need for flexibility and ease of free text input by the users.
The Drosophila miR-310 Cluster Negatively Regulates Synaptic Strength at the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Kazuya Tsurudome, Karen Tsang, Edward H. Liao, Robin Ball, Jay Penney, Jr-Shiuan Yang, Fatima Elazzouzi, Tao He, Athar Chishti, Greg Lnenicka, Eric C. Lai, A. Pejmun Haghighi
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Abstract 5295: MELK enhances gastric cancer progression via the FAK/paxillin pathway
Authors: Bingya Liu, Tao Du, Ying Qu, Jian-fang Li, Liping Su, Zheng-gang Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Elevated MELK expression is a characteristic of multiple tumors and has been correlated with tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, the precise mechanism underlying this correlation is unclear. Here, we report that there are pleiotropic effects associated with enhanced MELK expression in gastric cancer, and this are mediated via the FAK/paxillin pathway. We first show that MELK mRNA and protein expression are both elevated in human gastric cancer, and this is associated with chemoresistance to 5-FU. Knockdown of MELK significantly suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer both in vitro and in vivo, and decreases the percentages of cells in the G1/G0 phase and increases those in the G2/M and S phases. Moreover, depletion of MELK decreases the amount of actin stress fibers and reduces RhoA activity. Finally, knockdown of MELK decreases the phosphorylation of molecular components of the FAK/Paxillin pathway and prevents gastrin-mediated FAK/paxillin phosphorylation. By contrast, MELK overexpression produces the opposite results, although the differences are moderate. Together, our work suggests that MELK plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, implicates the FAK/Paxillin pathway as the means by which it promotes these effects, and identifies MELK as a potential target for treatment against gastric cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bingya Liu, Tao Du, Ying Qu, Jian-fang Li, Liping Su, Zheng-gang Zhu. MELK enhances gastric cancer progression via the FAK/paxillin pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5295
Hoofbeats, zebras, and insights into insulin resistance
Authors: Robert A. Hegele, Karen Reue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

In this issue of the JCI, Semple and colleagues report phenotypic evaluation of patients with a germline mutation in the gene encoding serine/threonine kinase AKT2 (see the related article beginning on page 315). Their findings support the idea that the postreceptor actions of insulin in the liver--suppression of gluconeogenesis and stimulation of lipogenesis--are mediated through divergent pathways that can be uncoupled. The results appear to refine the arrangement of crucial steps along these pathways and show how comprehensive study of the phenotype, "deep phenotyping," of patients who carry rare mutations might complement other types of experiments to elucidate complex pathways and mechanisms.
The representing brain: Neural correlates of motor intention and imagery
Authors: M. Jeannerod
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1994)

Abstract This paper concerns how motor actions are neurally represented and coded. Action planning and motor preparation can be studied using a specific type of representational activity, motor imagery. A close functional equivalence between motor imagery and motor preparation is suggested by the positive effects of imagining movements on motor learning, the similarity between the neural structures involved, and the similar physiological correlates observed in both imaging and preparing. The content of motor representations can be inferred from motor images at a macroscopic level, based on global aspects of the action (the duration and amount of effort involved) and the motor rules and constraints which predict the spatial path and kinematics of movements. A more microscopic neural account calls for a representation of object-oriented action. Object attributes are processed in different neural pathways depending on the kind of task the subject is performing. During object-oriented action, a pragmatic representation is activated in which object affordances are transformed into specific motor schemas (independently of other tasks such as object recognition). Animal as well as human clinical data implicate the posterior parietal and premotor cortical areas in schema instantiation. A mechanism is proposed that is able to encode the desired goal of the action and is applicable to different levels of representational organization.