tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms in men
Authors: J J Earnshaw, E Shaw, M R Whyman, K R Poskitt, B P Heather
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Gloucestershire's screening project shows the potential benefits of a national programme and how it could be run Every year about 6000 men die from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in England and Wales. 1 Although this represents only about 2% of all deaths in men, the condition is largely preventable.It is also a disease that seems to be increasingly prevalent, at least in Scotland, despite the fact that deaths from other atherosclerotic conditions are reducing. 2This article explores the requirements for a national aortic screening programme, using as a model the Gloucestershire aneurysm screening project, which has been running for 13 years. 3
The Prevention of Pauperism.
Authors: C. E. Beardsley
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<b>Ottawa, Ohio</b>, January 8,1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Bryant's paper is to the point and timely, but he does not prescribe the right remedy, in my opinion. And I am sorry to see so many eminent and erudite men, in the discussion of his paper, laboring under the same delusion—<i>educate them to labor</i>. My experience and observation corroborates Dr. Lloyd. The early settlers of this country were not paupers, but the introduction of a foreign element diseased with crime, immorality, etc., has given issue to not only paupers, but criminals. The inter-marriage of criminals and paupers not only begat criminals and paupers, but it has a contagious effect upon others not strongly endowed with energy and self-protection. Not to give a lengthy dissertation of my convictions, I would castrate every male and female who proved non-self— supporting, caused by their own vicious habits, be such a character or habit
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-9
Authors: Motoaki Sano, Michael D. Schneider
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Over the past decade and a half, the paradigm has emerged of cardiac hypertrophy and ensuing heart failure as fundamentally a problem in signal transduction, impinging on the altered expression or function of gene-specific transcription factors and their partners, which then execute the hypertrophic phenotype. Strikingly, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is itself a substrate for two protein kinases—the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk7 and Cdk9—that are activated by hypertrophic cues. Phosphorylation of RNAPII in the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of its largest subunit controls a number of critical steps subsequent to transcription initiation, among them enabling RNAPII to overcome its stalling in the promoter-proximal region and to engage in efficient transcription elongation. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the RNAPII-directed protein kinases in cardiac hypertrophy. Cdk9 activation is essential in tissue culture for myocyte enlargement and sufficient in transgenic mice for hypertrophy to occur and yet is unrelated to the “fetal” gene program that is typical of pathophysiological heart growth. Although this trophic effect of Cdk9 appears benign superficially, pathophysiological levels of Cdk9 activity render myocardium remarkably susceptible to apoptotic stress. Cdk9 interacts adversely with Gq-dependent pathways for hypertrophy, impairing the expression of numerous genes for mitochondrial proteins, and, in particular, suppressing master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1), and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1). Given the dual transcriptional roles of Cdk9 in hypertrophic growth and mitochondrial dysfunction, we suggest the potential usefulness of Cdk9 as a target in heart failure drug discovery.
Poly(<i>N</i>‐vinylcaprolactam): A Thermoresponsive Macromolecule with Promising Future in Biomedical Field
Authors: Ji Liu, Antoine Debuigne, Christophe Detrembleur, Christine Jérôme
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) is a thermoresponsive and biocompatible polymer that raises an increasing interest in the biomedical area, especially in drug delivery systems (DDS) that include micelles, hydrogels, and hybrid particles. The thermoresponsiveness of PNVCL, used alone or in combination with other stimuli- responsive polymers or particles (pH, magnetic field, or chemicals), is often key in the loading and/or release process in these DDS. The renewed focus on this polymer, which is known for decades, is to a large extent due to recent progress in synthetic strategies. Especially, the advent of efficient controlled radical polymerization (CRP) methods for NVCL monomer gives now access to unprecedented well-defined NVCL-based copolymers with unique properties. This Review article addresses up-to-date synthetic aspects, biological features, and biomedical applications of the latest NVCL-containing systems.
Scientific Considerations for Evaluating Cancer Bioassays Conducted by the Ramazzini Institute
Authors: Jeffrey S. Gift, Jane C. Caldwell, Jennifer Jinot, Marina V. Evans, Ila Cote, John J. Vandenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

The Ramazzini Institute (RI) has completed nearly 400 cancer bioassays on > 200 compounds. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and others have suggested that study design and protocol differences between the RI and other laboratories by may contribute to controversy regarding cancer hazard findings, principally findings on lymphoma/leukemia diagnoses.We aimed to evaluate RI study design, protocol differences, and accuracy of tumor diagnoses for their impact on carcinogenic hazard characterization.We analyzed the findings from a recent Pathology Working Group (PWG) review of RI procedures and tumor diagnoses, evaluated consistency of RI and other laboratory findings for chemicals identified by the RI as positive for lymphoma/leukemia, and examined evidence for a number of other issues raised regarding RI bioassays. The RI cancer bioassay design and protocols were evaluated in the context of relevant risk assessment guidance from international authorities.Although the PWG identified close agreement with RI diagnoses for most tumor types, it did not find close agreement for lymphoma/leukemia of the respiratory tract or for neoplasms of the inner ear and cranium. Here we discuss a) the implications of the PWG findings, particularly lymphoma diagnostic issues; b) differences between RI studies and those from other laboratories that are relevant to evaluating RI cancer bioassays; and c) future work that may help resolve some concerns.We concluded that a) issues related to respiratory tract infections have complicated diagnoses at that site (i.e., lymphoma/leukemia), as well as for neoplasms of the inner ear and cranium, and b) there is consistency and value in RI studies for identification of other chemical-related neoplasia.
Abstract 3520: Pegylated nanoplatinates: A novel re-engineered cisplatin for cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Shivani Soni, Shiladitya Sengupta, Abhimanyu Paraskar, Padmaparna Chaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) is a platinum based chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancers, including sarcomas, some carcinomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. There are two major concerns of cisplatin based chemotherapy: first is relapse of cancer in majority of pateints with cisplatin resistant disease and second is cisplatin associated nephrotoxicity (kidney damage). In the present study, we have demonstrated that cisplatin can be complexed using a carboxylato bond with poly-isobutylene-maleic acid, derivatized with a polyethylene glycol moiety. We found that at unique cisplatin to polymer ratio, this conjugate self-assembles into nanoparticles, and exhibits enhanced therapeutic efficacy without any nephrotoxicity as compared with cisplatin in murine lewis lung carcinoma model. The PIMA-PEG-CDDP conjugate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma and 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. The nanoparticles were taken up by cancer cells through endocytosis within 6 hours and retained in subcellular compartment over 24 hours in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in an in vivo 4T1 breast cancer model, PIMA-PEG-CDDP nanoparticles reduce tumor growth drastically with no side effects, thus increasing the survival rate of the mice as compared to free cisplatin treated mice. Thus our studies showed that pegylated-PIMA-CDDP can be harnessed for lung and breast cancer chemotherapy with increased therapeutic index compared with cisplatin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3520.
A piece of my mind. Le Mot Juste
Authors: H. Schneiderman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
False-Positive In-111 DTPA Octreotide Scintigraphy Resulting From Lung Abscess in a Patient With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Neoplasm
Authors: Marta Valero, Jos?? F. Bo??n, Natalia Rodriguez-Spiteri, Wenceslao Torre, Jos?? A. Richter
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

We present a case of a neuroendocrine pancreatic neoplasm with liver metastases visualized by computed tomography and In-111 DTPA octreotide scintigraphy. Ten months after surgery and chemotherapy, new radiologic and scintigraphic images compatible with lung metastases were found. The histopathologic analysis demonstrated that those findings were secondary to lung abscesses, which improved after antibiotic therapy. In-111 DTPA octreotide scintigraphy false-positive results in granulomatous and infectious processes are related to the expression of somatostatin membrane receptor (SSTR2A) in activated monocytes. This must be considered in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients are related to the expression of somatostatin membrane receptor (SSTR2A) in activated monocytes. This must be considered in the diagnosis and follow up of these patients.
Methods of Blinding in Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing Pharmacologic Treatments: A Systematic Review
Authors: Isabelle Boutron, Candice Estellat, Lydia Guittet, Agnes Dechartres, David L Sackett, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Blinding is a cornerstone of therapeutic evaluation because lack of blinding can bias treatment effect estimates. An inventory of the blinding methods would help trialists conduct high-quality clinical trials and readers appraise the quality of results of published trials. We aimed to systematically classify and describe methods to establish and maintain blinding of patients and health care providers and methods to obtain blinding of outcome assessors in randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic treatments. Methods and Findings We undertook a systematic review of all reports of randomized controlled trials assessing pharmacologic treatments with blinding published in 2004 in high impact-factor journals from Medline and the Cochrane Methodology Register. We used a standardized data collection form to extract data. The blinding methods were classified according to whether they primarily (1) established blinding of patients or health care providers, (2) maintained the blinding of patients or health care providers, and (3) obtained blinding of assessors of the main outcomes. We identified 819 articles, with 472 (58%) describing the method of blinding. Methods to establish blinding of patients and/or health care providers concerned mainly treatments provided in identical form, specific methods to mask some characteristics of the treatments (e.g., added flavor or opaque coverage), or use of double dummy procedures or simulation of an injection. Methods to avoid unblinding of patients and/or health care providers involved use of active placebo, centralized assessment of side effects, patients informed only in part about the potential side effects of each treatment, centralized adapted dosage, or provision of sham results of complementary investigations. The methods reported for blinding outcome assessors mainly relied on a centralized assessment of complementary investigations, clinical examination (i.e., use of video, audiotape, or photography), or adjudication of clinical events. Conclusions This review classifies blinding methods and provides a detailed description of methods that could help trialists overcome some barriers to blinding in clinical trials and readers interpret the quality of pharmalogic trials.
Abstract 3997: MiR-181 promotes megakaryocyte differentiation
Authors: Xiaobo Li, Lin Gao, Paul Howell, Laurie Owen, Yaguang Xi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MiRNAs have attracted attention due to their key regulatory functions in biological events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. A few recent studies reported on the existence of a reciprocal regulatory loop between the family of let-7 miRNAs and an RNA-binding protein lin28, both of which play important roles during cell differentiation. Using bipotent K562 human leukemia cells and human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells as research models, we demonstrate that let-7 and lin28 appear to exhibit inverse expression trends in phorbol ester-induced megakaryocyte differentiation, while miR-181 is up-regulated early during this process. Enforced expression of miR-181a in K562 cells effectively represses lin28 expression, breaking up the lin28-let-7 reciprocal regulatory loop, and sequentially triggers megakaryocyte differentiation as measured by CD41 and CD61 induction. Elevated miR-181 also significantly increases the number of megakaryocyte colonies in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. However, miR-181 expression levels only slightly change during hemin-induced erythrocyte differentiation. These results suggest that miR-181 can function as a “molecular switch” during hematopoietic lineage differentiation and can be a potential target for future miRNA-oriented therapeutics for human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3997. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3997
Clinical usefulness of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in indicating muscle protein breakdown.
Authors: M Elia, A Carter, S Bacon, C G Winearls, R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Urinary excretion of the post-translationally modified amino-acid 3-methylhistidine, derived from the contractile proteins actin and myosin, was measured in patients with conditions associated with nitrogen loss. The ratio of 3-methylhistidine:creatinine excretion, a measure of the fractional catabolic rate of myofibrillar protein was increased in severe injury, thyrotoxicosis, neoplastic disease, prednisolone administration, and sometimes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In myxoedema, osteomalacia, and hypothermia the ratio was decreased; and starvation, elective operations, and rheumatoid arthritis had little effect. Provided that the diet is meat free, measurement of urinary 3-methylhistidine may provide useful information on the cause of protein loss.
International Congress of Arts and Science.
Authors: Nicholas Murray Butler
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Washington, D. C., Aug. 26, 1904. <h3>To Members of the Medical Profession:</h3> —The organizers of the International Congress of Arts and Science, to be held at the Universal Exposition, St. Louis, Sept. 19 to 25, 1904, desire to invite the, special attention of your profession to the unexampled opportunity which it offers to meet and hear a great number of eminent men of learning. It is expected that more than three hundred eminent scholars of Europe and America will deliver discourses in the various departments and sections of the congress, and that several hundred shorter communications will be made by those present. Among the foreign members of the profession who have accepted invitations to speak are Profs. Brunton, Semon, Ross, Celli, Orth, Liebreich, Allbutt, Kitasato and Escherich. Dr. William Osler is chairman of the department. It is the desire of the directors of the fair and of all concerned in
CONTEMPORARY PATTERNS OF PRACTICE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING DEFIBRILLATION TESTING VERSUS THOSE WHO DO NOT UNDERGO TESTING AT THE TIME OF INITIAL IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER IMPLANTATION: ANALYSIS OF THE NCDR ICD REGISTRY
Authors: Andrea M. Russo, Yongfei Wang, Jeptha Curtis, Sana Al-Khatib, Rachel Lampert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants by Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis
Authors: Michael A. Heymann, Abraham M. Rudolph, Norman H. Silverman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis constricts the ductus arteriosus in fetal lambs in utero. We administered the inhibitors, aspirin or indomethacin to 18 premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus, and assessed the effects clinically and by echocardiography (left atrial/aortic-root ratio). After aspirin (20 mg per kilogram, every six hours for four doses) the ductus closed permanently in one infant within 24 hours; in another, constriction occurred with clinical improvement, and the third did not respond. In five infants given 0.3 mg per kilogram of indomethacin, complete closure occurred within one day; two of them, who received three doses had an elevated serum creatinine for one week. In one infant the ductus reopened, requiring a second dose of indomethacin 11 days after the first. Ten infants received 0.1 mg per kilogram of indomethacin, and closure occurred within 24 to 30 hours in eight. One had a soft murmur for four days, and one did not respond to two doses of indomethacin. A murmur reappeared after three to seven days in three infants but only one required further treatment. In infants receiving a single dose of 0.3 mg per kilogram, or one or more doses of 0.1 mg per kilogram, renal function was unaltered. (N Engl J Med 295:530–533, 1976)
Abstract SY44-02: Insights into pro-survival signaling by PERK
Authors: J. Alan Diehl
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract PERK, one of three key signal transducers localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), regulates cell fate in response to proteotoxic stress. PERK activation can be triggered by exposure of cells to physiological stresses such as low energy (glucose deprivation), low oxygen (hypoxia), or by chemical that inhibit protein degradation (bortezomib) or deplete ER calcium stores (thapsigargin). Since tumor survival and progression requires bypass of many of the same stresses that are known to activate PERK, extensive efforts have been undertaken to ascertain whether targeted inhibition of PERK would have therapeutic benefit. Indeed, genetic abrogation of PERK signaling has a profound influence on tumor progression and metastasis supporting the development of small molecule PERK inhibitors. Importantly, the successful use of such small molecules in a clinical setting requires knowledge of both the potential tissue toxicities associated with acute PERK inhibition and a detailed understanding of downstream PERK effectors that contribute to cell growth and survival. To definitively establish the functional role of PERK in the adult tissue, we have generated mice harboring a conditional PERK allele where excision is regulated by tamoxifen administration. In contrast to previous reports, PERK deletion has a profound impact on pancreata regardless of age. This result has profound implications for the utility of small molecule PERK inhibitors and highlights the need to clearly delineate downstream PERK-dependent regulatory pathways. With this in mind, we have set out to define additional pro-survival PERK effector and effector pathways in an effort to develop a more complete understanding of PERK function and ascertain whether any novel effectors might represent opportunities for therapeutic development. The identification and contribution of novel PERK effectors will be discussed. Citation Format: J. Alan Diehl. Insights into pro-survival signaling by PERK. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY44-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY44-02
Three Cases of Frontal Meningiomas Presenting Psychiatrically
Authors: R. Hunter, W. Blackwood, J. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The clinical presentation of three patients with meningiomas at different frontal sites is described. They had been ill for 3, 25, and 43 years before the tumour was demonstrated radiologically. Apathy, incontinence, dementia, and fits were seen in association with middle and superior frontal lesions, and may be mistaken for symptoms of involutional depression or presenile cerebral atrophy. In contrast, excitement and hallucinosis were seen in association with a basal frontal lesion, and may mimic psychotic syndromes like hypomania and schizophrenia, particularly if the tumour encroaches on the third ventricle and adjacent structures. Irreversible loss of myelin and axons in the frontal areas of brain surrounding the tumour may have contributed to the clinical picture of the syndrome shown by these patients.
The Impact of Drug Shortages on Children with Cancer — The Example of Mechlorethamine
Authors: Monika L. Metzger, Amy Billett, Michael P. Link
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Dr. Bruce Chabner on shortages of generic drugs and possible solutions. (10:16)Download Among the generic drugs in short supply is mechlorethamine, part of a standard regimen for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma Consortium has substituted cyclophosphamide, which is less effective and increases the risk of complications.