tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The patient, the doctor, and the system: Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of hepatitis B
Authors: Tram T. Tran, Luis H. Ocampo, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and primary liver cancer. There are now 7 antiviral agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of chronic HBV infection. Despite the fact that there are between 1.4 and 2 million chronic HBV infections in the United States, fewer than 50,000 people per year receive prescriptions for HBV antiviral medications. This report discusses possible explanations for the disparity between the number of people who are chronically infected and the number of people who receive treatment. Explanations for this incongruence include the potentially large number of infected persons who are unscreened and thus remain undiagnosed, and lack of access, including insurance, education, and referral to appropriate medical care, particularly for disproportionately infected populations.
Substance misuse and violent crime: Swedish population study
Authors: Martin Grann, Seena Fazel
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many studies have reported strong associations between substance misuse and violent crime. 1 But the population impact of people diagnosed with substance use disorders on such crime is not known.Calculating the population impact and the relative importance of different classes of drugs is necessary to estimate the likely public health effect of any developments in services and treatment interventions in preventing violent crime.To investigate the overall impact of substance misuse on violent crime, we estimated the population attributable risk using data from high quality national psychiatric and crime registers in Sweden from 1988 to 2000. Participants, methods, and resultsSwedish citizens have a unique identification number that can be used to link data across health and crime registers.The hospital discharge register contains diagnoses of all individuals who are admitted to any general, psychiatric, or secure hospital for assessment or treatment.All patients are given a clinical diagnosis on discharge according to ICD-9 (until 1996) and ICD-10 (from 1997) (international classification of diseases, 9th and 10th revisions).This register is valid and reliable for psychiatric diagnoses. 2 The national crime register includes conviction data for people aged 15 (the age of criminal responsibility) and older.We extracted information on all individuals who had committed violent crimeshomicide, aggravated assault, common assault, robbery, threatening behaviour and harassment, arson, and any sexual offence.We included every violent crime committed by each convicted individual.
Memories of a Kind
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

We are often overawed by a candidate for office who never fails to follow-up his "nice to see you" with the name of each of the hundreds of potential supporters whose hands he shakes, and we are similarly impressed by his memory for numbers when he instantly answers all questions pertaining to budgetary matters with mathematical precision to a decimal point. By contrast, the physician has a reputation for forgetting names and numbers. Patients often refer to him as an "absentminded professor." But they often forgive him such memory lapses because of his acknowledged memory for difficult terms— "acrodermatitis enterhepatica," "sulcus zygomaticomaxillaris," "mucormycosis," and like jawbreakers. With a mnemonic load like this, he can hardly be expected to remember numbers or personal names. How true is this stereotype of the physician's memory? A mind that can assimilate the<i>American Pharmacopeia</i>and can retain the number of each brain area, clotting
Injuries sustained in rugby by wearers and non-wearers of mouthguards.
Authors: J B Blignaut, I L Carstens, C J Lombard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of head and neck injuries in non-wearers when compared with wearers of mouthguards. The purpose of the present study was to compare the pattern of injuries to those of past studies and also to investigate whether the injuries sustained differed significantly between wearers and non-wearers. A sample of 321 university students participating on 555 player occasions was studied in a cross-sectional survey. No statistically significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were found between wearers and non-wearers of mouthguards with respect to head and neck injuries in general and to oral injuries in particular. We conclude that injuries sustained at rugby in this study were not associated with the use or non-use of mouthguards.
Tim2 is expressed in mouse fetal hepatocytes and regulates their differentiation
Authors: Natsumi Watanabe, Minoru Tanaka, Kaori Suzuki, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Hitoshi Kikutani, Atsushi Miyajima
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Liver development is regulated by various extracellular molecules such as cytokines and cell surface proteins. Although several such regulators have been identified, additional molecules are likely to be involved in liver development. To identify such molecules, we employed the signal sequence trap (SST) method to screen cDNAs encoding a secreted or membrane protein from fetal liver and obtained a number of clones. Among them, we found that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 2 (Tim2) was expressed specifically on immature hepatocytes in the fetal liver. Tim2 has been shown to regulate immune responses, but its role in liver development had not been studied. We have examined the possible role of Tim2 in hepatocyte differentiation. At first, we prepared a soluble Tim2 fusion protein consisting of its extracellular domain and the Fc domain of human IgG (Tim2-hFc) and found that it bound to fetal and adult hepatocytes, suggesting that there are Tim2-binding molecules on hepatocytes. Second, Tim2-hFc inhibited the differentiation of hepatocytes in fetal liver primary culture, i.e., the expression of mature hepatic enzymes and accumulation of glycogen were severely reduced. Third, Tim2-hFc also inhibited proliferation of fetal hepatocytes. Fourth, down-regulation of Tim2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced the expression of liver differentiation marker genes. Conclusion: It is strongly suggested that Tim2 is involved in the differentiation of fetal hepatocytes. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1240–1249.)
Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis
Authors: F. R. Edwards, A. Wilson
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Between 1951 and 1971 thymectomy was performed on 41 patients with myasthenia gravis. They were selected from a total group of 95 myasthenic patients receiving anticholinesterase therapy. The criteria for selecting patients for thymectomy and the assessment of their progress after operation are described. All the patients have been examined by us at intervals and the results of this follow-up are presented. The survey has shown that substantial improvement after thymectomy occurred in 21 patients (group A), seven of whom had complete remissions without medication for periods of up to 12 years after operation. Considerable benefit from the operation was also observed in seven patients (group B); although their response was less spectacular, in that their daily requirement of anticholinesterase drugs was not changed, their functional activities were significantly enhanced. The most favourable results were seen in female patients aged 15 to 40 years, six of whom had one or more successful pregnancies. Thymectomy did not improve the general condition or progress of six patients (group C). There were three deaths within 16 days of operation, and two patients died within one year. Eight patients survived for periods of 3 to 16 years; six of these died from causes other than directly from myasthenia, and two died at home without established cause.
1045-189 Plaque targeting in atherosclerotic mice using a small immunoprotein against an angiogenesis-associated fibronectin isoform
Authors: Pia K Schuler, Christian M Matter, Patricia Meier, Romeo Ricci, Dongming Zhang, Patrizia Alessi, Dario Neri, Thomas F Lüscher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
An Educational Intervention to Improve Physician Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Adolfo Figueiras, Maria T. Herdeiro, Jorge Polónia, Juan Jesus Gestal-Otero
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextData on the adverse effects of newly marketed drugs are limited. Voluntary reporting is an important part of postmarketing surveillance but is underused by physicians.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of educational outreach visits for improving adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting by physicians.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cluster-randomized controlled trial covering all National Health System physicians in the north of Portugal, with intervention in March 2004 through July 2004, and 13 to 16 months of follow-up. A total of 1388 physicians were assigned in 4 spatial clusters to the intervention group, and 5063 were assigned in 11 clusters to the control group.InterventionOne-hour educational outreach visits tailored to training needs identified in a previous study.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in total number of reported ADRs and number of serious, high-causality, unexpected, and new-drug-related ADRs, using generalized linear mixed models adjusted for baseline ADR reporting, age, specialty, and work setting.ResultsAt baseline, ADR reporting rates (per 1000 physician-years) did not differ significantly between the intervention groups and the control groups in reporting ADRs overall (7.6 vs 11.3), nor did they differ significantly by category: serious, 4.3 vs 6.0; high-causality, 5.4 vs 7.6; unexpected, 1.6 vs 3.5; and new-drug-related ADRs, 3.7 vs 3.8. (P&gt;.05 for all comparisons). The control group had no significant increase in ADR reports during follow-up. The adjusted increase in ADR reporting rates attributable to intervention was 90.19 for total ADRs (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.51-125.87; relative risk [RR], 10.23; 95% CI, 3.81-27.51), 30.16 for serious ADRs (95% CI, 18.84-41.47; RR, 6.32; 95% CI, 2.09-19.16), 64.90 for high-causality ADRs (95% CI, 38.38-91.42; RR, 8.75; 95% CI, 3.05-25.07), 28.04 for unexpected ADRs (95% CI, 16.25-39.83; RR, 30.21; 95% CI, 4.54-200.84), and 42.17 for new-drug-related ADRs (95% CI, 21.58-62.76; RR, 8.05; 95% CI, 2.10 -30.83). The greatest difference occurred during the first 4 months after intervention, but differences remained statistically significant for 12 months.ConclusionA targeted outreach program may improve high-quality reporting of ADRs among physicians.
Clinical Experiences with Kanamycin
Authors: Paul A. Bunn, Aldona Baltch, Olga Krajnyak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS report describes our experience with kanamycin§ in the treatment of 25 severe and acute infections in the adult. In general, the new antimicrobial agent has been administered for two kinds of infections—those caused by penicillin-resistant staphylococci and those resulting from invasion by a number of common gram-negative bacilli. Since the results of therapy are encouraging in both areas this preliminary report seems warranted. The drug deserves wider clinical trial, however, before final decision about its efficacy in management of human infections can be made.Extensive studies of the pharmacologic properties of kanamycin in man and animals have been reported, . . .
Cytokine profile of a long-term pediatric HIV survivor with hyper-IgE syndrome and a normal CD4+ T-cell count
Authors: Christine M. Seroogy, Diane W. Wara, Martin H. Bluth, Alejandro Dorenbaum, Carmen White, Helen G. Durkin, Melissa E. Elder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

An elevated IgE level and increased production of T(H2) cytokines are factors associated with poor prognosis in HIV infection. We report a pediatric long-term survivor of vertically acquired HIV infection with a normal CD4 count and a low viral burden despite the lack of antiretroviral therapy and a phenotype resembling hyper-IgE syndrome.We sought to characterize the patient's T(H1) versus T(H2) cytokine profile and anti-HIV-specific immune responses.Supernatants collected from cultures of peripheral blood T cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate plus ionomycin were assayed for T(H1) and T(H2) cytokines by means of ELISA. Specific IgE antibodies were determined by immunoblot. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were measured from cell lysis by fresh T cells of autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells expressing recombinant HIV proteins.Patient CD4(+) T cells secreted significantly more T(H2) cytokines, IL-4 (P <.003) and IL-5 (P <.03), than HIV-infected and seronegative control cells. No difference was noted in T(H1) cytokine production. IgE specific for HIV gp160, p24, p17, and p66 proteins and Aspergillus fumigatus was detected in patient sera. Despite predominance of T(H2) cytokines, HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was vigorous.The patient demonstrated predominantly T(H2) cytokine production in vitro. Unlike other patients with HIV who have hyper-IgE and increased T(H2) cytokine production, our patient has maintained HIV-specific immune responses, a low viral load, and a normal CD4 count without antiretroviral therapy. These findings support a diagnosis of primary hyper-IgE syndrome. Presence of anti-HIV-specific IgE may represent a protective mechanism against HIV replication in our patient.
Effect of sinorphan on plasma atrial natriuretic factor in congestive heart failure
Authors: J.C. Kahn, M. Patey, J.L. Dubois-Rande, P. Merlet, A. Castaigne, C. Lim-Alexandre, J.M. Lecomte, D. Duboc, C. Gros, J.C. Schwartz
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Sexual Exploitation in Professional Relationships
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is a very good book that is easy to read. More important, every professional should be thoroughly conversant with the subject of sexual exploitation in professional relationships, and this text offers an excellent source of information. The chapters are comprehensive and well written by authoritative contributors. The first three chapters review the prevalence of sexual exploitation between psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers and their patients. Surveys of psychiatrists and psychologists indicate a prevalence of about seven percent while social workers have much lower rates. The next chapter discusses the extreme damage done to the patient (such as ambivalence, guilt, emptiness and isolation, sexual confusion, impaired ability to trust, role reversals, emotional lability, suppressed rage, increased suicidal risk, and cognitive dysfunction) and what factors impede the recognition of the therapist-patient sex syndrome. This chapter makes it clear that there is no possible informed consent for such behavior as it is
Chromosomal Numerical Aberrations Detected by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization on Bladder Washings from Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Alessandro Marano, Yi Pan, Chunde Li, Arcangelo Pagliarulo, G&ouml;ran Elmberger, Bernhard Tribukait, Peter Ekman, Ulf Bergerheim
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Endocarditis prophylaxis: do patients remember advice and know what to do?
Authors: D W Pitcher, M Papouchado, K S Channer, M A James
Journal: BMJ (1986)

CD ~0 uL -30- 0 10 20 30 40Time (minutes) Mean (SEM) changes in forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as percentage of baseline value, after inhalation of hypotonic sodium bromide solution (-), isotonic sodium bromide solution (@), isotonic sodium chloride solution (*), and isotonic ipratropium bromide nebuliser solution (A).1 Connolly CK.Adverse reaction to ipratropium bromide.BrMedJ 1982;285:934-5.2 Jolobe OMP.Adverse reaction to ipratropium bromide.BrMedJ7
Prediction of the frequency and duration of ambulatory myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease by determination of the ischemic threshold from exercise testing: Importance of the exercise protocol
Authors: Julio A. Panza, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Jean G. Diodati, Timothy S. Callahan, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Leanness and smoking
Authors: P. F. Van Peenen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The article by Garrison et al (1983;249:2199) showed that among participants in the Framingham Heart Study, men under desirable  (lean men) were more likely to be cigarette smokers than men at or above desirable weight. The authors concluded that previously observed excess mortality in lean men may be caused, at least in part, by the confounding effect of cigarette smoking. Leanness was expressed as  relative weight based on tables from the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company that list desirable weights by height. The possible separate influences of height and  were not analyzed. Such influences may be of interest because of Lee and Kolonel's 1 recent observation of an excess relative risk of lung cancer in tall men, even though smoking was controlled by category restriction.  We recently analyzed current smoking habits of 3,393 male oil refinery employees and found a consistent trend for increasing cigarette
SDF-1/CXCR4 and VLA-4 interaction regulates homing in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Hai T. Ngo, Xavier Leleu, Jack Lee, Xiaoying Jia, Molly Melhem, Judith Runnels, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Nicholas Burwick, Abdel Kareem Azab, Aldo Roccaro, Feda Azab, Antonio Sacco, Mena Farag, Robert Sackstein, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2008)
When Money is the Mission — The High Costs of Investor-Owned Care
Authors: Steffie Woolhandler, David U. Himmelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Few trends could so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible.— Milton Friedman1 Market medicine's dogma, that the profit motive optimizes care and minimizes costs, seems impervious to evidence that contradicts it. For decades, studies have shown that for-profit hospitals are 3 to 11 percent more expensive than not-for-profit hospitals27; no peer-reviewed study has found that for-profit hospitals are less expensive. For-profit hospitals spend less on personnel,2,3,5,6 avoid providing charity . . .
Diseases of the Stomach and Upper Alimentary Tract.
Authors: Anthony Bassler
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clearance of CMV viremia and survival after double umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults depends on reconstitution of thymopoiesis
Authors: Julia A. Brown, Kristen Stevenson, Haesook T. Kim, Corey Cutler, Karen Ballen, Sean McDonough, Carol Reynolds, Maria Herrera, Deborah Liney, Vincent Ho, Grace Kao, Philippe Armand, John Koreth, Edwin Alyea, Steve McAfee, Eyal Attar, Bimalangshu Dey, Thomas Spitzer, Robert Soiffer, Jerome Ritz, Joseph H. Antin, Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
Journal: Blood (2010)
GMC recruits members of the public to help shape consultation papers
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The General Medical Council is to recruit 25 doctors and 25 lay people to help shape its draft papers at an early stage of the consultation process, in a bid to engage better with the profession and the public.

The council plans to advertise soon for the 50 members of its “reference community,” who will be appointed by open competition and will be paid a fee to contribute their ideas electronically.

The new body, expected to be in operation by June, will replace the council’s patient and public reference group, in …
Human alveolar macrophage cytophilic immunoglobulin G-mediated phagocytosis of protein A-positive staphylococci.
Authors: H A Verbrugh, J R Hoidal, B Y Nguyen, J Verhoef, P G Quie, P K Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Human alveolar macrophages (AM) have recently been reported to ingest and kill a strain of Staphylococcus (502A) in the absence of opsonins. To further investigate the mechanism of non-opsonic recognition, we studied phagocytosis of 23 clinical and laboratory strains of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by AM, and by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MN). In the absence of opsonins, AM phagocytized 18 protein A-positive but not 5 protein A-negative strains of staphylococci, and the efficiency of phagocytosis directly correlated with the amount of protein A present in the bacterial cell wall (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). Furthermore, AM rosetted around protein A-coated Sepharose beads, but not around beads without protein A. In contrast, PMN did not phagocytize nonopsonized staphylococci, and did not rosette around either type of Sepharose. MN phagocytized protein A-positive staphylococci, but much less efficiently than AM, and showed some rosetting around protein A-coated Sepharose. The nature of the AM receptor for protein A-positive staphylococci was studied. The surface of AM was positively stained with fluorescein-conjugated antibody to human IgG, but not with IgA- or IgM-specific conjugates. No such surface-immunoglobulins were detected on PMN, and MN were only weakly positive for surface IgG. Pretreatment of AM with F(ab')2 fragments specific for human IgG (anti-Fc) inhibited subsequent phagocytosis of protein A-positive staphylococci. There was no evidence that the AM surface IgG was aggregated or immunecomplexed. From these studies we conclude that human AM possess cytophilic IgG antibodies, which can function as receptors for phagocytosis of protein A-positive staphylococci.
Cosmas and Damian And Transplantation
Authors: Rudolf Nissen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The caption of your cover picture of the Sept 19 issue relates the portrayal of the operation to replantation. The operation of Cosmas and Damian was a transplantation of the limb of a dead Negro, as is evident from this painting, and also from many others of the same operation.  The subject has, indeed, been a favorite one with many artists. Cosmas and Damian were reputedly twin brothers who lived in the third century in Aegea in Asia Minor. They were committed to vows of poverty, were tortured and beheaded under the persecutions of Diocletian, and were regarded as physicians of their time and as the patron saints of physicians in later days. They were widely acclaimed in the fourth and fifth centuries, and several early churches were named in their honor.  The painting illustrated on your cover shows the transplantation of a right leg. Another painting