tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mixed Venous and Arterial Pco2
Authors: J. D. S. McEvoy, N. L. Jones, E. J. M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The rebreathing method of measuring oxygenated mixed venous Pco<sub>2</sub> (Pv̄co<sub>2</sub>) was originally introduced as a bloodless way to estimate arterial Pco<sub>2</sub> (Paco<sub>2</sub>). It has become common practice to subtract 6 mm Hg from the Pv̄co<sub>2</sub> to obtain the Paco<sub>2</sub> but there are many circumstances in which this leads to an overestimate of the Paco<sub>2</sub>. Measurements of Pv̄co<sub>2</sub> and Paco<sub>2</sub> in 19 patients have shown that a better approximation to Paco<sub>2</sub> under normal conditions of cardiac output and arterial O<sub>2</sub> saturation is Paco<sub>2</sub> = 0·8 Pv̄co<sub>2</sub>. These studies also showed that the Pv̄co<sub>2</sub> — Paco<sub>2</sub> difference may be much wider, particularly in the presence of arterial unsaturation and a low cardiac output. The factors governing the venoarterial Pco<sub>2</sub> difference are reviewed and their magnitude is calculated to emphasize the complementary roles of measurements of Pv̄co<sub>2</sub> and Paco<sub>2</sub> in the assessment of patients with cardiorespiratory disease.
Effect of atrial peptides on aldosterone production.
Authors: K Atarashi, P J Mulrow, R Franco-Saenz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

This study examines the effects of the synthetic atrial peptides (atriopeptin I, II, and III) on aldosterone and corticosterone production by rat adrenal cell suspensions. Furthermore, we studied the effect of atriopeptin II infusion on the plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II in the rat in vivo. Atriopeptin I, II, and III decreased aldosterone release from zona glomerulosa cells in a dose-dependent fashion. 10 pM atriopeptin II inhibited basal aldosterone release significantly (P less than 0.01), and 10 nM atriopeptin II or III lowered it by 79%. Atriopeptin II decreased the sensitivity of the glomerulosa cells to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II. Atriopeptin II had no effect on basal or ACTH-stimulated corticosterone release by fasciculata-medullary cells. In vivo infusions of angiotensin II with or without simultaneous infusions of atriopeptin II showed that atriopeptin II significantly inhibited the aldosterone response to angiotensin II. This inhibition by atriopeptin II was independent of any effect on plasma renin activity, serum potassium, or ACTH. These data raise the possibility that the atrial natriuretic peptides may affect sodium excretion by the kidney, not only directly, but also indirectly through the inhibition of aldosterone production.
Keratan sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and inflammatory diseases.
Authors: T D Spector, L Woodward, G M Hall, A Hammond, A Williams, M G Butler, I T James, D J Hart, P W Thompson, D L Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Serum concentrations of antigenic keratan sulphate determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a monoclonal antibody were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, other inflammatory diseases, and a large control group of women without arthritis. Mean keratan sulphate concentrations were low in 117 women with RA compared with 227 female control subjects matched for age drawn from a community survey. There were significant correlations between serum keratan sulphate concentrations in patients with RA and serum C reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serum keratan sulphate concentrations were also low in 29 men and women with ankylosing spondylitis and 29 patients with arthritis and high concentrations of C reactive protein. In 98 women undergoing an operation for benign breast disease there were decreases in serum keratan sulphate concentrations after the operation which correlated with doses in serum C reactive protein. No differences were found in keratan sulphate concentrations in 137 women with osteoarthritis compared with controls. Within the group with osteoarthritis there were no differences for the various joint groups and there was no obvious correlation with radiographic severity or progression. These findings suggest serum keratan sulphate is unlikely to be useful as a diagnostic marker in osteoarthritis or RA but indicate a role for inflammation in the regulation of cartilage loss.
WHO confirms four human cases of avian flu in Indonesia
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> Computerised Tomography (CT) has been shown to be the only lung cancer screening modality to be effective in reducing lung cancer specific mortality.<sup>1</sup> A minimally invasive technique to stratify those at greatest risk within the population of adult smokers may help to target CT screening more effectively. <h3>Rationale</h3> Tobacco smoke exposure causes a field of injury to the airways (including nose and mouth) that if detected may inform an individual’s risk of lung cancer.<sup>2</sup> Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is a technique that can detect subtle biochemical alterations in macroscopically normal cells. <h3>Methods</h3> Buccal cells were exfoliated from 76 patients including 38 smokers without and 38 with lung cancer (matched for age, gender and pack years). The cells were fixed onto IR windows and spectra recorded using synchrotron radiation (Diamond facility, Oxford). Data was acquired using x36 objective and 15 × 15 µm aperture in transmission mode; 256 interferograms at 4 cm<sup>-1</sup> resolution were recorded for 50 cells per sample. All samples analysed were confirmed to be cytologically normal. Outlying data was removed using principal component analysis and a prediction model built using partial least squares discriminant analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Smokers with lung cancer could be differentiated from matched smokers without lung cancer with a diagnostic accuracy of 80%. The spectral region showing greatest difference between groups was in the 1200–900 cm<sup>-1</sup> region; comparison to reference spectra shows that this is likely to represent a metabolic change caused by an increased abundance of glycogen or its derivatives. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have shown for the first time that IR spectroscopy of macroscopically normal upper respiratory tract cells may have a role to play in the early detection of lung cancer. Future work will validate these findings and aim to develop this non-invasive test for use as a pre-screen to select those at greatest risk who may be enrolled economically into surveillance programs. <h3>References</h3> The National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. <i>N Engl Med</i> 2011;365(5):395–409 Sridhar <i>et al</i>. Smoking-induced gene expression changes in the bronchial airway are reflected in nasal and buccal epithelium. <i>BMC Genomics</i> 2008;9(1):259
T-groups: Entstehung, Teilnehmer und Ziele
Authors: Dörte Laschinsky, Uwe Koch
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

An attempt is made to explain the position of training groups in our society from the analysis of their development. Doing this we consider the social and economical causes of the origin and rapid growth of the T-group movement. The social structure and the motivation of the trainees are discussed, and finally, the possibility of achieving individual and social changes by training groups is examined.
Absence of Intercellular Antigens in the Deep Layers of the Epidermis in Pemphigus Foliaceus
Authors: Jean-Claude Bystryn, Jose Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

12 patients with pemphigus foliaceus, a form of pemphigus with lesions that arise in the intercellular substance in the superficial layers of the epidermis, and 7 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, where lesions are in the deep layers, were studied by immunofluorescence. Circulating antibodies to intercellular antigens (IC antibodies) were found in 11 pemphigus foliaceus and 5 pemphigus vulgaris patients. On direct immunofluorescence of skin lesions 75% (9 of 12), pemphigus foliaceus patients had intercellular deposits of IgG localized solely or predominantly in the superficial epidermal layers, whereas this was not the case in any of the patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Over 70% of the pemphigus foliaceus patients with predominantly superficial IgG deposits lacked in their lesions normal intercellular antigens usually expressed in the deep layers of the epidermis. This was shown by the inability of IC antibodies in autologous or allogeneic sera to bind to intercellular antigens in the lower epidermis of patient's skin, even though the same sera could bind to intercellular antigens in all layers of normal allogeneic skin. Lack of normal intercellular antigens deep in the epidermis may result in circulating IC antibodies binding to the superficial layers, a site which corresponds to, and thus in some patients may account for, the anatomical location of lesions in pemphigus foliaceus.
Poor security is biggest impediment to health care in Iraq
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Poor security was identified as the most serious impediment to the delivery of aid and health care in Baghdad at a meeting of the Red Cross and Red Crescent last week. “The three most urgent problems for health in Iraq today are security, security, and security,” said Dr Ghulam Popal, the World Health Organization's representative in Baghdad.

Several hospitals have been offered “protection” by armed gangs. Oxfam's media officer in Baghdad, Alex Renton, said one survey had found that more …
One of the awkward squad
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Prosecutions of doctors for manslaughter have been rising, but they are not entirely new. Indeed, the prosecution of Dr Hadwen of Gloucester, in 1924, was a cause celebre not only in Britain but throughout the world.

Dr Hadwen was a prominent vegetarian, antivivisectionist and antivaccinationist and the founder, with William Tebb (author of Leprosy and Vaccination ), of the London Association for the Prevention of Premature Burial. He was the model for Doctor Therne, Rider Haggard’s pro-vaccination exemplar, and he was much admired by George Bernard Shaw, who called him “the terrible Hadwen” on account of the supposed iron irrefutability of his arguments.

Dr Hadwen …
VIRAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROTEINS REDUCE ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN APOENULL MICE WITH PERIODONTAL BACTERIAL INFECTION AND ANGIOPLASTY INJURY
Authors: Alexandra R. Lucas, Raj K. Verma, Liying Liu, Erbin Dai, Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam, Jennifer Kim, Sheela Pola, Sheela Pola, Lakshmyya Kesavalu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Klotho Protects Against Indoxyl Sulphate-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: Ke Yang, Cheng Wang, Ling Nie, Xiaohui Zhao, Jun Gu, Xu Guan, Song Wang, Tangli Xiao, Xinli Xu, Ting He, Xuefeng Xia, Junping Wang, Jinghong Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common complication in patients with CKD and an independent risk factor for death. Changes in the levels of uremic solutes or Klotho have been reported to be related to CKD, whereas the relationships between these factors and CKD-associated LVH remain unclear. Here, we investigated the interaction between Klotho and indoxyl sulfate (IS), a typical uremic solute, in CKD-associated LVH. In a survey of 86 patients with CKD, a negative relationship was found between serum levels of IS and Klotho (r=−0.59, P<0.001). Furthermore, serum levels of IS and Klotho were independently associated with LVH (for IS: r=0.69, P<0.001; for Klotho: r=−0.49, P<0.001). In normal mice, intraperitoneal injection of IS for 8 weeks induced LVH accompanied by substantial downregulation of renal Klotho. Notably, IS-induced LVH was more severe in heterozygous Klotho-deficient (kl/+) mice. In vitro, treatment with Klotho strongly inhibited IS-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by blocking oxidative stress and inhibiting p38 and extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. In a mouse model of CKD-associated LVH, the renal expression of Klotho was lower and the level of serum IS was higher than in healthy controls. Moreover, treatment of CKD mice with Klotho protein significantly restrained the development of LVH. Taken together, these results suggest that Klotho is an endogenous protector against IS-induced LVH, and the imbalance between Klotho and IS may contribute to the development of LVH in CKD.
Roentgen Diagnosis of the Heart and Great Vessels
Authors: Edward B. D. Neuhauser
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The first two German editions of this text were welcomed as classics in the field of roentgen diagnosis of the heart and great vessels, as Dr. Zdansky wrote from great experience and extensive study. This, the second American edition based primarily on the third German edition of 1962, no longer appears as great a contribution as its predecessor, although there is still much of merit in the volume. There is a very thorough and excellent presentation on the normal heart; methods of mensuration; influence of position, of respiration and of age and sex on the appearance of the heart, particularly as seen by fluoroscopy. The section on acquired heart disease likewise has merit but the material included varies but little from the preceding American edition. This new volume is characterized by a section on congenital heart disease, and unfortunately this is in no way satisfactory. Many lesions go unmentioned, others
Contrast echocardiography for evaluation of left ventricular flow dynamics using densitometric analysis.
Authors: K Mizushige, A N DeMaria, Y Toyama, H Morita, S Senda, H Matsuo
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Few data exist regarding intraventricular flow patterns in the presence of left ventricular dysfunction. Therefore, we examined the relation between intracavitary left ventricular flow dynamics and the presence of ventricular contractile abnormalities using videodensitometric analysis of transpulmonary contrast echocardiography.Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed before, during, and after intravenous injection of sonicated albumin in 8 normal subjects, 22 patients with infarction, and 6 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Time-intensity curves were recorded, and disappearance half-times (in cardiac cycles) were measured for regions of interest at the mitral orifice (Ta) and mid-left ventricular cavity (Tb). We observed contrast enhancement of the left ventricular cavity in 28 of 36 patients. Ta and Tb were identical (19 beats) in all normal patients, but Tb was greater than Ta (19 versus 22 beats, P < .001) in patients with dyssynergy. Patients with dyssynergy were divided in three groups: group A, in whom Tb-Ta < or = 3; group B, in whom Tb-Ta > or = 4; and group C, which was composed of patients without contrast enhancement. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was similar in normal patients (46.1 mm) and group A patients (50.3 mm) but was less in each cohort than in groups B (58.7 mm) and C (64.1 mm) (all P < .01). Significant correlation was observed between Tb-Ta and both ejection fraction (r = -.67, P < .001) and wall motion index (r = .62, P < .001).Clearance of contrast from the mid-left ventricular cavity is prolonged in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. This prolongation may be related to increased left ventricular diastolic volume, impaired intracavitary mixing, or paradoxical systolic flow. Delayed left ventricular contrast washout may have implications regarding the formation of left ventricular thrombi.
Modulation of C-Reactive Protein–Mediated Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Induction in Human Endothelial Cells by Anti-Atherosclerosis Drugs
Authors: Vincenzo Pasceri, Jed Chang, James T. Willerson, Edward T. H. Yeh
Journal: Circulation (2001)

C-reactive protein (CRP) induces adhesion molecule expression by endothelial cells. However, the effects of CRP on chemokine expression by endothelial cells are not known.We tested the effects of CRP on the production of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and RANTES in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The secretion of chemokines was assessed by ELISA. Incubation with 100 microgram/mL recombinant human CRP induced a 7-fold increase in MCP-1 but no change in RANTES secretion. We showed that the effect of CRP on MCP-1 was present even at 5 microgram/mL CRP, with stepwise increases as the CRP concentration was increased to 10, 50, and 100 microgram/mL. The effect of CRP on MCP-1 induction was not influenced by aspirin (at concentrations up to 1 mmol/L), but it was significantly inhibited by 5 micromol/L simvastatin. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activators fenofibrate (100 micromol/L) and Wy-14649 (100 micromol/L) almost completely abolished the induction of MCP-1, but the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator ciglitazone had only a moderate effect.These results further strengthen the role of CRP in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation and, likely, atherosclerosis and provide a crucial insight into a novel mechanism of action of anti-atherosclerosis drugs such as simvastatin and fenofibrate.
The Gynecology of Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Margaret McHugh
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For the many persons involved with the delivery of care to a pediatric population, the subject of the gynecology of childhood and adolescence has become an accepted topic and a common problem in daily practice. In the 13 years since the publication of the first edition of Dr Huffman's textbook,<i>The Gynecology of Childhood and Adolescence</i>, there has been a remarkable growth in the field of pediatric gynecology. The second edition of Huffman's text reflects this explosion of information, making it even more comprehensive than its predecessor. Also, the second edition adds the expertise of two well-known authorities, C. John Dewhurst and Vincent J. Capraro, to the original edition, was based on the research and extensive experience of Huffman. This textbook covers the gamut of pediatric gynecology from the everyday problem of vulvovaginitis to the exotica of vaginal sarcoma botryoides and carcinoma of the uterine corpus in a child (six
A CONVENIENT METHOD OF OBTAINING CLUMP-FREE EMULSION FOR OPSONIC WORK.
Authors: J. E. POTTENGER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

While studying the specificity of opsonins last summer in Professor Wright's laboratory I sought for a method of quickly separating organisms from the liquid in which they are suspended, centrifugating alone requiring from thirty minutes to one hour. The following device was used with splendid success: A constriction (A) is made in a piece of small-caliber glass tubing; the tubing is then bent on itself (B), terminating in an opening (C). Moist filter paper fiber (D) (conveniently made by scraping filter paper with the edge of a knife) is placed against the constriction and packed firmly. Into the long arm is placed the liquid (E) to be filtered and the device is placed in the centrifuge. Working with staphylococci, I obtained practically bacteria-free filtrates (F) in ten to fifteen minutes from thick suspensions of staphylococci in normal sera. The filtrates showed scarcely any opsonin, and stained specimens practically no organisms.
Use of whole gut perfusion to investigate gastrointestinal blood loss in patients with iron deficiency anaemia.
Authors: A Ferguson, W G Brydon, H Brian, A Williams, M J Mackie
Journal: Gut (1996)

Iron deficiency anaemia may be due to occult bleeding into the gut. However, although clinical investigations may show a high frequency of gastrointestinal tract disease in these patients, the cause-effect relationship between the lesions detected and anaemia remain uncertain. This study aimed to establish whether lesions detected by endoscopy or imaging of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with unexplained iron deficiency anaemia are bleeding continuously. Routine clinical tests were performed in 42 patients with unexplained iron deficiency anaemia referred to this unit. Whole gut lavage and assay of haemoglobin in the gut perfusate were also performed. The main outcome measures were clinical diagnoses (by imaging and endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon); the concentration of haemoglobin in whole gut lavage fluid; and the calculated gastrointestinal blood loss per day. There were 73 clinical, dietary, or iatrogenic factors of possible aetiological importance in the 42 patients--poor diet (10), gross gastrointestinal abnormality (34 in 28 patients), malabsorption (14), coagulation problems (6), and NSAID use (9). The gut lavage test showed, however, that at the time the test was performed, only eight patients were losing more than 2 ml blood daily into the gut, including all four with colonic cancer, one with diffuse gastric vascular ectasia, and one with severe ulcerative oesophagitis. It is concluded that occult gastrointestinal bleeding sufficient to cause anaemia was evident in only 19% of 42 patients. There was a high frequency of other potential causes of iron deficiency in the remainder, suggesting that most of the gastrointestinal diseases and lesions detected in them were probably coincidental. Factors other than blood loss should be considered and treated in patients referred for anaemia assessment.
Validation of a targeted DNA microarray for the clinical evaluation of recurrent abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ankita Patel, Sung‐Hae Kang, Patrick Alan Lennon, Yin Feng Li, P. Nagesh Rao, Lynne Abruzzo, Chad Shaw, Alan Craig Chinault, Sau W Cheung
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Recurrent genomic alterations, mainly losses and gains of specific chromosomes and/or regions, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are recognized as important independent predictors of prognosis and disease progression. The current standard clinical practice for identifying these alterations is chromosome analysis and in situ hybridization with probes targeting 4–5 chromosome regions. We sought to apply array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) technology for the simultaneous detection of genomic imbalances of all loci implicated in CLL. DNA from enriched B‐cells from CLL patients were analyzed by array‐CGH on a customized CLL BAC array. Copy number changes were detected in 87% of samples with a sensitivity of 100% in samples with clonal abnormalities present in at least 23% of the cells. Furthermore, in nine cases genomic alterations were observed that were undetectable by standard cytogenetic and/or FISH analyses. One of these patients had a 13q14 deletion that was missed by the clinical CLL FISH panel probe set. Our results suggest that a subset of potentially significant genomic alterations in CLL is being missed by the current available techniques. Furthermore, this pilot study clearly shows the robustness, high sensitivity, and high specificity for the targeted CLL microarray analysis as well as the potential for use in routine screening in CLL. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.