tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Thomas M. Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>CASE REPORT</h3> Anthony and Brian (not their real names) are monozygotic (MZ) twins who were born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at full term following an unremarkable pregnancy. Labor lasted 3 hours, with Brian born by breech delivery 8 minutes after Anthony, who was born head first. Both twins were healthy at birth, Brian weighing 3000 g and Anthony 3254 g. Their neurodevelopmental milestones were normal and neither had learning disabilities or problems with hyperactivity, anxiety, phobias, or memory. From about 2 years of age, Brian was felt to be easily distracted and his gross motor skills also appeared to be less refined. Brian developed motor tics at age 6 years with eye blinking as the presenting symptom, and vocal tics began with sniffing at age 9 years. Anthony developed motor tics at age 7 years with eye blinking as the presenting symptom. He has never manifested vocal tics. The
Passive stiffness of pressure-induced hypertrophied cat myocardium.
Authors: J F Williams, R D Potter
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The effect of myocardial hypertrophy on passive stiffness was determined from the stress (sigma)-strain relationship of right ventricular papillary muscles from 18 pulmonary artery-banded and 21 non-banded cats. By use of Lagrangian strain, (1-lo)lo is initial muscle length, and instantaneous stress elastic constants beta and alpha were calculated from the equation sigma = alpha(ebeta epsilon - 1). Elastic stiffness (d sigma/d epsilon) was determined from the formula d sigma/d epsilon = beta alpha + alpha beta. Banding produced an average increase in RV mass of 70%. Beta averaged 14.2 +/- 0.9 (SEM) and 16.0 +/- 0.8 in the non-hypertrophied and hypertrophied muscles, respectively (NS). However, elastic stiffness was significantly greater in hypertrophied muscles over the entire stress range. Contractile function varied widely among hypertrophied muscles but was not related to changes in stiffness. Thus, moderate degrees of pressure-induced hypertrophy are associated with a modest increase in the passive stiffness properties of the muscle, independent of changes in contractile function.
STAT6 activity is regulated by SOCS-1 and modulates BCL-XL expression in primary mediastinal B-Cell lymphoma
Authors: O Ritz, C Guiter, K Dorsch, I Dusanter-Fourt, S Wegener, H Jouault, P Gaulard, F Castellano, P Möller, K Leroy
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Prothrombin Complex Concentrates in Acquired Hypoprothrombinemia
Authors: S. G. SANDLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Fourteen patients with acquired hypoprothrombinemia were evaluated for clinical and laboratory responses after infusions of chromatographically purified prothrombin complex concentrates. Five patients with sodium warfarin-induced hypoprothrombinemia and one patient with vitamin K deficiency responded with complete corrections of abnormal one-stage prothrombin times and immediate control of bleeding manifestations. Eight patients with Laennec's cirrhosis responded with incomplete corrections of one-stage prothrombin times. Active bleeding in five of these patients with cirrhosis was unaffected. Our study suggests that prothrombin complex concentrates have predictable effectiveness in acquired hypoprothrombinemic bleeding episodes only when coagulation deficiencies are limited to the prothrombin complex (coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X), as in sodium warfarin overdosage and vitamin K deficiency. Significant bleeding episodes in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis are unlikely to respond to prothrombin complex concentrates because these specialized plasma fractions lack factor V and only partially correct the complex hemostatic abnormalities associated with liver disease.
Improvements predicted in artificial heart by 1990
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Despite clinical problems, intense press scrutiny, and criticism from some quarters, Robert K. Jarvik, MD, remains convinced that the artificial heart program not only is "do-able," but that it may be broadly applicable within a reasonable period of time. In addition to being a total replacement for the natural heart, the artificial heart may have use as a left ventricular assist device or as a bridge to transplantation, Jarvik said at the first annual "Year in Cardiology" symposium held recently at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago. The 39-year-old Utah physician, head of the team that developed the Jarvik-7 heart used in the five patients who so far have received artificial hearts, said there are several important medical issues in the artificial heart program, with patient selection criteria at the top of the list. "We need to recognize," he said, "when a patient is too far gone to benefit, and
Early-life environmental risk factors for asthma: findings from the Children's Health Study.
Authors: Muhammad Towhid Salam, Yu-Fen Li, Bryan Langholz, Frank Davis Gilliland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Early-life experiences and environmental exposures have been associated with childhood asthma. To investigate further whether the timing of such experiences and exposures is associated with the occurrence of asthma by 5 years of age, we conducted a prevalence case-control study nested within the Children's Health Study, a population-based study of > 4,000 school-aged children in 12 southern California communities. Cases were defined as physician-diagnosed asthma by age 5, and controls were asthma-free at study entry, frequency-matched on age, sex, and community of residence and countermatched on in utero exposure to maternal smoking. Telephone interviews were conducted with mothers to collect additional exposure and asthma histories. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Asthma diagnosis before 5 years of age was associated with exposures in the first year of life to wood or oil smoke, soot, or exhaust (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.02-2.96), cockroaches (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.03-4.02), herbicides (OR = 4.58; 95% CI, 1.36-15.43), pesticides (OR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.17-4.89), and farm crops, farm dust, or farm animals (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.07-3.28). The ORs for herbicide, pesticide, farm animal, and crops were largest among children with early-onset persistent asthma. The risk of asthma decreased with an increasing number of siblings (ptrend = 0.01). Day care attendance within the first 4 months of life was positively associated with early-onset transient wheezing (OR = 2.42; 95% CI, 1.28-4.59). In conclusion, environmental exposures during the first year of life are associated with childhood asthma risk.
Abstract 4064: 3-D imaging of human colorectal cancer tissues with optical clearing: Spatial analysis of the tumor vasculature through transparent specimens
Authors: Yuan-An Liu, Shien-Tung Pan, Yung-Chi Hou, Shiue-Cheng Tang, Yuan-Chiang Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Microscopic analysis of tumor vasculature in the endoscopic and surgical biopsies is a valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate cancer treatment at different stages. However, the standard microtome-based 2-dimensional (2-D) histology provides only limited perspective of the dispersed vasculature. To provide a global view of the vascular network, in this research we employed optical clearing to generate transparent specimens for penetrative, 3-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the tumor vasculature in the human colorectal cancer tissues. Methods: Colorectal cancer tissues were obtained from colectomies and endoscopic procedures. Samples of normal mucosa were obtained at least 5 cm apart from the carcinoma. Nuclear and CD34 immuno-staining were used to reveal the mucosal microstructure and vasculature. Optical clearing – use of immersion solution to reduce random scattering as light travels across media (Liu et al., Neurogastroenterol Motil 23:e446, 2011; Fu &amp; Tang, Gastroenterology, 139:p1100, 2010) – was applied to prepare transparent specimens for 3-D imaging via confocal microscopy. Afterward, the specimens were extensively washed with saline to reverse the clearing step and then underwent the standard microtome-based 2-D histology. Avizo projection algorithms were used for image rendering and analysis. Results: The improved photon transmission resulting from optical clearing led to penetrative imaging (up to 300 µm) of the mucosal microstructure and vasculature with high definition. In the normal mucosa, we observed the peri-cryptic capillaries being orderly arranged as a network embedded in the hexagonal honeycomb structure of stroma. In comparison, the vessels in the colorectal carcinoma became dilated and distorted with irregular and disoriented architecture embedded in the deformed mucosa. Significantly, our 3-D image data provided a continuous flow of the anatomic information for panoramic projection and spatial analysis of the vessel density to compare and distinguish the normal and the tumor vasculature. In addition, matched tissue information was observed between the 3-D confocal and the standard H&amp;E and IHC images, indicating our optical method is reversible and can serves as an add-on to the current 2-D histological evaluation of the colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Our optical method connects 3-D microscopy of the human colorectal cancer tissues to the standard microtome-based 2-D histology. This approach is particularly useful in 3-D projection and spatial analysis of the vasculature for future clinical evaluation of the colorectal carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4064. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4064
MICROALBUMINURIA IN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IS A STRONG PREDICTOR OF CAROTID ARTERY DISTENSIBILITY AND THICKNESS
Authors: Pawan K. Hari, Vikas Veeranna, Palaniappan Manickam, Sandeep Zalawadiya, Simegn Mengistu, Jyotiranjan Pradhan, Sony Jacob, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Mitochondrial Myopathy Caused by Long-Term Zidovudine Therapy
Authors: Marinos C. Dalakas, Isabel Illa, G.H. Pezeshkpour, Joseph P. Laukaitis, Bruce Cohen, Joe L. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Both infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and zidovudine (formerly called azidothymidine [AZT]) cause myopathy. To identify criteria for distinguishing zidovudine-induced myopathy from that caused by primary HIV infection, we reviewed the histochemical, immunocytochemical, and electron-microscopical features of muscle-biopsy specimens from 20 HIV-positive patients with myopathy (15 of whom had been treated with zidovudine) and compared the findings with the patients' clinical course and response to various therapies. Among the zidovudine-treated patients, the myopathy responded to prednisone in four, to the discontinuation of zidovudine in eight, and to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in two.
DOES THE CULPRIT VESSEL LOCATION IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IMPACT CLINICAL OUTCOME?
Authors: Kohei Wakabayashi, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Rafael Romaguera, Gabriel Sardi, Michael Mahmoudi, Itsik Ben-Dor, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael A. Gaglia, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Emergence of enterovirus 71 C4a in Denmark, 2009 to 2013
Authors: T K Fischer, A Y Nielsen, T V Sydenham, P H Andersen, B Andersen, S  E Midgley
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Enterovirus (EV) 71 has emerged as a primary cause of severe neurologic enterovirus infection in the aftermath of the global polio eradication effort. Eleven subgenotypes of EV71 exist, the C4 subgenotype being associated with large outbreaks in Asia with high mortality rates. This subgenotype has rarely been reported in Europe. In the period between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 a total of 1,447 EV positive samples from 1,143 individuals were sent to the Statens Serum Institute (SSI), and 938 samples from 913 patients were genotyped at the Danish National World Health Organization Reference laboratory for Poliovirus at SSI. Echovirus 6 (E06) (n=141 patients), echovirus 30 (E30) (n=114), coxsackievirus A6 (CA06) (n=96) and EV71 (n=63) were the most prevalent genotypes. We observed a shift in circulating EV71 subgenotypes during the study period, with subgenotype C4 dominating in 2012. A total of 34 EV71 patients were found to be infected with strains of the C4 subgenotype, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to the C4a lineage. In our study, the proportions of cases with cerebral and/or sepsis-like symptoms were similar in those affected by C4a (19/34) and those with C1 and C2 (15/35). The majority (n=30) of the 34 EV71 C4 cases were children ≤5 years of age, and males (n=22) were over-represented. Continued EV surveillance is required to monitor the spread of EV71 C4 in Denmark and the rest of Europe.
Abstract 2236: A selection strategy for the design of small proteins that can distinguish DNA repair intermediates.
Authors: Rachel M. Guerra, Kristina M. Langenborg, Kayla M. Gross, Emily V. Sher, John W. Gilboy, Dylan Plaskon, Kevin P. Rice
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recognition of DNA damage by repair proteins is crucial for genomic stability. Several repair enzymes recognize aberrant DNA structural features, including nicks, gaps, and abasic sites, in a sequence-independent DNA manner. Reported here is a strategy to model these protein-DNA interactions using small proteins. A phage-displayed library of approximately one hundred million distinct zinc fingers was engineered at the DNA level based on the DNA binding domain of the repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Eight codons, representing amino acid residues in ‘loop’ regions of the zinc finger structure, were randomized using an NNK codon scheme. The DNA cassette was cloned into a commercially obtained T7 phagemid vector. The resultant phage library was exposed to nicked DNA molecules, which were attached to magnetic beads via a biotin-streptavidin linkage. In four rounds of selection that featured negative selection against non-nicked DNA and streptavidin coated beads, viral retention on the affinity resin increased from a negligible quantity to 62%. DNA sequencing following the final round revealed near convergence to a single, 39-mer peptide. This selected peptide will be generated by bacterial expression and assayed for binding activity using multiple strategies. While phage display of sequence specific DNA binding proteins is well-precedented, selection of peptides that bind specific DNA structures has not been reported. Molecules discovered by this strategy will help illuminate the structure-function relationships of proteins that recognize distinct DNA structures and may lead to new anticancer approaches. Citation Format: Rachel M. Guerra, Kristina M. Langenborg, Kayla M. Gross, Emily V. Sher, John W. Gilboy, Dylan Plaskon, Kevin P. Rice. A selection strategy for the design of small proteins that can distinguish DNA repair intermediates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2236
Protection of hypoxic myocardium by intracoronary administration of verapamil in open-chest dogs.
Authors: H Mori, M Nagata, T Miyazaki, K Sakurai, S Ogawa, S Hattori, M Takahashi, Y Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Hypoxic perfusion of the regional myocardium was performed in 34 open-chest dogs. In eight dogs in which the myocardium was perfused with original hypoxic Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution for 5 min (group I) there was a marked decrease in adenosine triphosphate content (2.03 +/- 0.44 mumol/g) and an increase in lactate content (8.65 +/- 2.26 mumol/g). In myocardium of nine dogs (group II) perfused with verapamil-containing (1.3 mg/dl) K-H solution and in that of nine dogs (group III) receiving Ca2+-free solution, the degrees of reduction in adenosine triphosphate (2.99 +/- 0.73 and 3.25 +/- 0.48 mumol/g, respectively) and of lactate accumulation (5.16 +/- 0.59 and 4.79 +/- 1.02 mumol/g, respectively) at 5 min were significantly less than in group I. Absence of statistically significant differences in hemodynamic parameters among these three groups indicates that the metabolic preservation in group II probably resulted from a direct effect of verapamil on the regional myocardium related to Ca2+ metabolism. However, metabolic data in four dogs of group I and four dogs of group III killed at 40 sec of perfusion, in conjunction with results of the analysis of regional contraction, revealed that the time courses of segmental shortening in the three groups did not account for the metabolic differences among them.
Gastric Emptying Delay and Gastric Electrical Derangement in IDDM
Authors: Salvatore Cucchiara, Adriana Franzese, Gennaro Salvia, Lucia Alfonsi, Vita D Iula, Antonella Montisci, Flavio L Moreira
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Patients with diabetes can develop gastrointestinal motor complications; however, prevalence of gut dysmotility in children with diabetes is poorly understood. We measured gastric emptying time and gastric electrical activity in children with IDDM; presence of dyspeptic symptoms was also assessed.Gastric emptying time and gastric electrical activity were measured by ultrasonography and electrogastrography (EGG), respectively, in 40 consecutive IDDM children (median age: 9 years [6-14]) without autonomic neuropathy; 15 healthy children (median age: 7 years [4-15]) served as control subjects. The EGG variables studied were percent of electrical dysrhythmias (bradygastria or 0.5-2.0 cpm, tachygastria or 4.0-9.0 cpm; normal rhythm is 2.0-4.0 cpm) and fed-to-fasting ratio of the dominant EGG power. Blood glucose level in the fasting state and 180 min after feeding and HbA1C concentration were also measured. Data are given as median (ranges) and means +/- SD. Statistical analysis was performed using the parametric t test and the nonparametric signed-rank tests, with P < 0.05 considered significant.Gastric emptying time was delayed in 26 patients (group A), whereas in 14 patients (group B), it was in the same range as control values; group A patients significantly differed from group B for increased prevalence of gastric electrical dysrhythmias (P < 0.01) and for a lower fed-to-fasting ratio of the dominant EGG power (P < 0.01). Group B patients did not differ from control subjects for the EGG variables measured. Diabetic children with gastroparesis had significantly higher levels of both HbA1C and blood glucose measured 180 min after feeding than those with normal gastric emptying time (P < 0.05); there was a significant correlation between levels of HbA1C and degree of gastric emptying delay, whereas a significant inverse correlation between gastric emptying time and fed-to-fasting ratio of the dominant EGG power was found both in patients and control subjects.Delay of gastric emptying time and gastric electrical abnormalities are found in a high proportion of children with diabetes and can contribute to poor glycemic control, most likely by causing a mismatch between the onset of insulin action and the delivery of nutrients into the small intestine. Diabetic children with unexplained poor glycemic control should be investigated for abnormalities in gastric motility.
Foundation hospital plan defeated in Lords
Authors: K. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Plans to create a “super league” of foundation hospitals have faced fresh opposition with a decisive defeat in the House of Lords last week.

The arrangements to give some English hospital trusts limited operational and financial freedom were to form the basis of the flagship Health and Social Care Bill.

But Labour and independent peers joined their Conservative and Liberal Democrat colleagues last week to defeat the measure by 150 votes to 100.

Ministers had trimmed the plans heavily, hoping to ease the bill's passage …
Book: From Detached Concern to Empathy: Humanizing Medical Practice
Authors: P. Berry
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Jodi Halpern Oxford University Press, £29.50, pp 165 ISBN 0 19 511119 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Like all good inventions, Jodi Halpern's new and “controversial” model of empathy appears to be the result of common sense imaginatively applied. Empathy should, she asserts, result from a willingness on the part of the doctor to take cues from his own emotional responses to a patient's suffering. It requires more than the “detached concern” that she believes, a little harshly I think, is the norm. Nor is an insufficiently intellectual “sympathetic immersion” in a patient's woes enough. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Ischemic Brain Lesions After Carotid Artery Stenting Increase Future Cerebrovascular Risk
Authors: Henrik Gensicke, H. Bart van der Worp, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Sumaira Macdonald, Peter A. Gaines, Aad van der Lugt, Willem P.Th.M. Mali, Philippe A. Lyrer, Nils Peters, Roland L. Featherstone, Gert J. de Borst, Stefan T. Engelter, Martin M. Brown, Leo H. Bonati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

Brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are frequently found after carotid artery stenting (CAS), but their clinical relevance remains unclear. This study sought to investigate whether periprocedural ischemic DWI lesions after CAS or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events. In the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substudy of ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study), 231 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis were randomized to undergo CAS (n = 124) or CEA (n = 107). MRIs were performed 1 to 7 days before and 1 to 3 days after treatment. The primary outcome event was stroke or transient ischemic attack in any territory occurring between the post-treatment MRI and the end of follow-up. Time to occurrence of the primary outcome event was compared between patients with (DWI+) and without (DWI–) new DWI lesions on the post-treatment scan in the CAS and CEA groups separately. Median time of follow-up was 4.1 years (interquartile range: 3.0 to 5.2). In the CAS group, recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack occurred more often among DWI+ patients (12 of 62) than among DWI– patients (6 of 62), with a cumulative 5-year incidence of 22.8% (standard error [SE]: 7.1%) and 8.8% (SE: 3.8%), respectively (unadjusted hazard ratio: 2.85; 95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 7.72; p = 0.04). In DWI+ and DWI– patients, 8 and 2 events, respectively, occurred within 6 months after treatment. In the CEA group, there was no difference in recurrent cerebrovascular events between DWI+ and DWI– patients. Ischemic brain lesions discovered on DWI after CAS seem to be a marker of increased risk for recurrent cerebrovascular events. Patients with periprocedural DWI lesions might benefit from more aggressive and prolonged antiplatelet therapy after CAS. (A Randomised Comparison of the Risks, Benefits and Cost Effectiveness of Primary Carotid Stenting With Carotid Endarterectomy: International Carotid Stenting Study; ISRCTN25337470)