tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drugs of Choice 1962-1963
Authors: Homer B. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Despite the abundant educational programs from pharmaceutical houses, the physician often wishes for an impartial evaluation of new agents with a comparison to medicines already available. The blight of "falling behind times" is the most-feared malady facing the modern practitioner. Dr. Modell, along with 46 similarly distinguished collaborators, has formulated a solution to such perplexities in a very readable book. This is the second biannual revision. There are an insufficient number of new drugs to require more frequent publication, yet a longer period would invite obsolescence. The contributors rely on actual clinical experience gained in their own practices. Recent additions to the pharmacopeia are included, but approval depends on substantiation. This is in no way a criticism, of course. Each chapter deals with a broad and important phase of practice. Although the greater portion of the book deals with comparisons of members of large, related families of drugs ( antibacterials, tranquilizers,
Changes in transepidermal water loss and the composition of epidermal lecithin after applications of pure fatty acid triglycerides to the skin of essential fatty acid-deficient rats
Authors: P.J. HARTOP, C. PROTTEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

The importance of various unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides to the repair of faulty skin barrier function was studied in essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Following cutaneous application of the pure triglycerides for up to 5 days, the hitherto high rate of transepidermal water loss, characteristic of essential fatty acid deficiency in rats, was reduced by the triglycerides of linoleic and gamma-linolenic acids. Incorporation of the applied fatty acids into the lecithin of the epidermis accompanied these changes in water loss, indicating that cutaneously applied triglycerides may be metabolized by the skin and incorporated into complex lipids. Other fatty acid triglycerides, including alpha-linolenic, dihomo-gamma-linolenic, arachidonic and omega-7-heneicosatrienoic acid, did not lower the rate of transepidermal water loss, although all were incorporated into epidermal structural lipids. The non-essential oleic acid also had no effect upon the rate of transepidermal water loss. These data suggest that of the two main essential fatty acids that occur in skin, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, the former specifically plays an important role in regulating barrier function whereas the later may have a separate function, such as serving as a precursor of prostaglandins.
A SURVEY ON THE APPROPRIATE USE OF NON INVASIVE LIVER SCREEN BY GASTROENTEROLOGY TRAINEES IN WEST AND SOUTH YORKSHIRE, UK: Table 1
Authors: S Y M Lau, S Riyaz, L Harrison
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Non invasive liver screen (NILS) is an important commonly performed investigation by gastroenterologists. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> We aimed to evaluate the appropriate use of NILS by gastroenterology trainees in South and West Yorkshire, UK, to assess whether training in this topic was adequate. <h3>Method</h3> We devised a survey containing 2 scenarios regarding liver function derrangement and sent it to all 48 gastroenterology trainees in South and West Yorkshire. Trainees were asked to provide their year of training, experiences in liver units, if they had received teaching on NILS, and the investigations they would perform for each scenario. The answers from all 12 respondents were collected and compared against the investigations that we believe were appropriate for each scenario. <h3>Results</h3> Most trainees selected the majority of appropriate tests for incidental abnormal liver biochemistry, but proportionately less so for acute hepatitis. 42% (5) trainees inappropriately tested for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in isolated abnormal liver function, and 8% (1) tested for AFP in acute hepatitis. 33% (4) inappropriately selected A-1 antitrypsin to investigate acute hepatitis. Interestingly, no significant difference in the number of correct answers was seen in trainees who had liver unit experience (mean 13, range 9–15) compared to those who did not (mean 12, range 6–14). Similarly, teaching on NILS (mean 12, range 9–15), or the lack of (mean 11, range 6–14), did not demonstrate a significant difference in the number of correct responses. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NILS is essential to hepatology and thus sound knowledge is necessary. Improving teaching quality and mandatory training may support achievement of this target.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholecysto-Lithotripsy (PTCL)
Authors: H. Wenk, St. Thomas, N. Schmeller, V. Lange, F. W. Schildberg
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystolithotripsy (PTCL) by laser or ultrasound is a minimally invasive form of treatment for gallstones. All the steps of the procedure can be performed in a single session. In clinical use severe side effects have not been observed.
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
Authors: B. Hudson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An 85 year old man had a preoperative assessment for a knee replacement. His full blood count was normal apart from haemoglobin 95 g/l and mean corpuscular volume 105 fl. He drank no alcohol. Further testing showed that his vitamin B-12 was low: 90 pmol/l (reference range 160-800 pmol/l). Folate, ferritin, thyroid stimulating hormone, and liver function tests were normal. He had no other medical or surgical history and ate a balanced diet that includes meat.

Vitamin B-12 is found only in foods of animal origin. Dietary B-12 is freed from food protein by pepsin in the acid gastric environment and binds to haptocorrin, a protein secreted in saliva. In the small intestine, haptocorrin is degraded by pancreatic enzymes; vitamin B-12 is released and binds with intrinsic factor, which is secreted by gastric parietal cells. This complex binds to receptors at the terminal ileum and is actively absorbed. A small fraction (1-2%) of the intake of B-12 is passively absorbed …
1039-201 Mode and site of induction affects the organization of atrial fibrillation in the canine atrium
Authors: Joseph Ulphani, Britta Windhagen-Mahnert, Rahul Aggarwal, David Johnson, Darlene Racker, David Gordon, Taresh Taneja, Jeffrey Goldberger, Alan Kadish
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Communication with Asian diabetics.
Authors: B Leatherdale
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cook to boil an egg, but it is hardly necessary or desirable.Doctors should be important teachers of health care and be able to concentrate their other skills and expertise mainly on complex problems and diseases which are often their major interest.This would ensure the greater availability of appropriate care at all the required levels for people who might otherwise be denied this.Many may feel threatened by change and resist any delegation of part of their traditional roles.Innovative schemes with all acting in a responsible fashion should ensure both the greater wellbeing of the community and justifiably earn the trust of patients.The primary health care nurse is a valuable member of the health care team in her own right and should not be seen as a "doctor-substitute" or assistant.
INFLAMMATION IN ARTERIAL VESSELS AND DIFFERENT FAT TISSUES AS PROSPECTIVELY ASSESSED BY 18F-FDG-PET/CT ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED
Authors: Jan Bucerius, Venkatesh Mani, Stephanie Wong, Colin Moncrieff, David Izquierdo-Garcia, Josef Machac, Valentin Fuster, Michael E. Farkouh, James H.F. Rudd, Zahi A. Fayad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Significance of Viral Reactivation in Hepatitis B Virus Carriers with Early Breast Cancer Receiving Anthracycline- or Taxane-Containing Chemotherapy.
Authors: S. Kim, J. Ro, I. Park, K. Lee, J. Jeong
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background :It is known that cancer patients in healthy hepatitis B viral (HBV) carrier status are prone to develop hepatic dysfunction during cytotoxic chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of healthy HBV carrier status and subsequent viral reactivation resulting in hepatic dysfunction during cytotoxic chemotherapy, and its significance in early breast cancer patients.Methods :Among 3,433 patients with operable breast cancer diagnosed at the National Cancer Center, Korea between January 2001 and March 2009, 3,337 patients were tested for HBsAg. Retrospectively, medical records were reviewed for 139 (4.2%) patients who were positive for HBs Ag.Results :Of 139 patients, 112 patients received anthracycline or taxane based neoadjuvant (n=25) or adjuvant (n=87) combination chemotherapy. Prophylactic lamivudine therapy was administered in 33 patients (29.5%).Thirty of 112 (26.8%) patients developed reactivation of HBV with deterioration of hepatic function during chemotherapy. The rate of reactivaton was not different with or without further taxane therapy (43% vs. 44%, p=0.408).Although there was no significant difference in the rate of chemotherapy delay between two groups, the incidence of early termination of planned chemotherapy was higher in B viral reactivation group (23.3% vs. 4.9%, p=0.008). Within a median follow-up duration of 39 mo (range 1 mo to 95 mo), the rate of disease recurrence was comparable between two groups (10% vs. 18.3%, p=0.390).Lamivudine prophylaxis decreased the rate of HBV reactivation without statistical significance (15.1% vs. 35.4%, p=0.101). Despite more patients without prophylaxis developed G 3/4 AST/ALT elevation (40% vs. 84%, p=0.068), the majority of patients recovered to G 1/2 AST/ALT level within 12 months with anti-viral or supportive treatment (0% vs. 14.3%, p=1.00). One patient without lamivudine prophylaxis developed fulminant hepatic failure after 3rd cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and received living donor liver transplantation. After that, she received radical mastectomy and maintained adjuvant anti-hormonal therapy.Conclusions :Although lamivudine prophylaxis in HBV healthy carrier decreased the rate of viral reactivation during neo- or adjuvant chemotherapy, the majority of patients irrespective of prophylaxis recovered hepatic function in a year with conservative treatment. Early detection and intensive supportive care are as important as anti-viral prophylaxis in HBV healthy carrier when treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1113.
TH2 dominance and defective development of a CD8+ dendritic cell subset in Id2-deficient mice
Authors: Takashi Kusunoki, Manabu Sugai, Tomoya Katakai, Yoshiki Omatsu, Tomonori Iyoda, Kayo Inaba, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Akira Shimizu, Yoshifumi Yokota
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
P180 Aetiology of Bronchiectasis in a Non-Specialist Service. How Does COPD Affect the Picture?: Abstract P180 Table 1
Authors: A Crabtree, EH Baker
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> In tertiary care, bronchiectasis (BE) patients are a highly selected group, often with a complex aetiology or associated disease. The national British Thoracic Society bronchiectasis audit provided us with an opportunity to characterise our secondary care bronchiectasis population. We hypothesised that the majority of bronchiectasis seen in our non-specialist service would be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We therefore determined the prevalence of COPD/BE and compared investigation and management of COPD/BE patients to those with bronchiectasis alone. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis were identified in respiratory outpatients between 1st October and 30th November 2011 during the national bronchiectasis audit period. Those with bronchiectasis confirmed on CT thorax were included. Data including aetiology, lung function and other investigations were retrieved from electronic records. <h3>Results</h3> Forty seven patients were identified, age 65±17 years (range 19 to 88 years), 57% female. Forty percent (19) had COPD Other common aetiologies were post-infection (26%), asthma (21%) and idiopathic (11%). The table compares characteristics between bronchiectasis patients with and without COPD. COPD/BE patients were older and had a significantly greater pack year smoking history. Similar investigations were performed in the two groups. COPD/BE patients had significantly worse airflow obstruction and gas transfer than bronchiectasis patients without COPD COPD/BE patients were more likely to have <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> or coliforms cultured from sputum, but antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis was similar in the two groups. Other medications were similar in the two groups, although COPD/BE patients were more likely than those without COPD to be prescribed long acting anti-cholinergic medication. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our secondary care setting, COPD is the most common underlying condition associated with bronchiectasis. COPD/BE patients share many clinical characteristics with other bronchiectasis patients and have worse lung function and more pathogenic microorganisms isolated from sputum culture. The emerging association between COPD and bronchiectasis requires further research to improve the characterisation and management of this patient group.
Nonclinical Factors and Repeat C-Section-Reply
Authors: Randall S. Stafford
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Unfortunately, Drs Faiola and Glesner appear to be responding more to newspaper headlines than to my article. A role for economic incentives does not require obstetricians to be motivated by personal greed. It is more probable that they follow implicit conventions favoring repeat C-sections in some settings. Under the influence of economic incentives, these unspoken rules of decision making develop in response to practical considerations, such as time pressures, malpractice concerns, patient demands, and hospital policies. The professional objective of physicians to focus on the needs of individual patients often obscures the economic basis of practice conventions. In turn, this indirect economic influence may not be discernible on a case-by-case basis. For example, time pressures faced by private obstetricians may arise from a duty to serve patients but are implicitly economic because practice volume helps determine physician income.  As Dr Glesner suggests, patient demands for repeat C-sections raise
720 CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LIVER MASSES; COMPARISON TO CT AND MRI
Authors: J.Y. Jang, G.H. Bok, S.W. Jeong, S.H. Lee, Y.D. Kim, S.G. Kim, G.J. Cheon, S.W. Cha, Y.S. Kim, Y.D. Cho, H.S. Kim, B.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Estrogen Receptor 1 Variants and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Paul N. Hopkins, Eliot A. Brinton
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lorenzo the Magnificent And Gout
Authors: Henryk Szancer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Although the gouty gentleman on your cover of Feb 7 does not qualify, many distinguished men have had gout; among them were members of the Medici family of Florence who in the 16th century engendered the line of the grand dukes of Tuscany. The literature refers especially to Cosimo Pater Patriae (1389-1464); his son Piero (1416-1469), even surnamed  Gottoso (the Gouty); and his grandson Lorenzo il Magnifico ( 1449-1492), without whom no list of great or famous people who possessed high uric acid levels in their blood would be complete. The Medicean gout in its relation to drive, achievement and leadership gains new aspects in reference to a family which ruled Florence and Tuscany for several hundred years and whose members excelled as matchless patrons of arts and sciences.
Quinin in Pneumonia.
Authors: J. B. Cutter
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Albuquerque, N. M., Feb. 19,1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with great interest the article "Pneumonia" appearing inThe Journal, Feb. 10, 1906, by Dr. W. J. Galbraith. Why Dr. Galbraith should claim originality in this course of treatment, however, I fail to see. Dr. A. J. Giesy, attending physician to the Good Samaritan Hospital, Portland, Ore., pursued the course of treatment, to my knowledge, in 1894, and how much earlier I do not know, and as house physician to the Good Samaritan Hospital at that time I have repeatedly administered, by Dr. Giesy's directions, from 30 to 50 grains of quinin at the initial dose and have pursued a like course at different times during the subsequent twelve years. I do not, by any means, think that this measure should be put forth as a matter of routine, but many patients in the first stage of pneumonia are
Security Force Contributions to the Health Sector in Afghanistan
Authors: Aaron Saguil
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chromosomal aberrations in hepatocellular carcinomas: Relationship with pathological features
Authors: U Zimmermann
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on tissue sections can reveal chromosomal abnormalities related to histopathological features. This technique was performed on serial frozen sections from seven normal livers and 29 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using pericentromeric repeat-specific probes for chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 16, and 17. For each HCC and each probe, the percentage of cells showing one, two, or more than two signals was counted and compared with the distribution in the normal liver. According to these results, HCCs were categorized as monosomic, disomic, or polysomic (more than two signals) for the chromosome tested. These data were compared with the main histopathological characteristics of HCC. Chromosome gains were very common, preferentially affecting chromosome 1 (23 of 27 cases, 85%), chromosome 16 (16 of 27 cases, 59%), chromosome 7 (16 of 29 cases, 55%), chromosome 6 (15 of 29 cases, 52%) and chromosome 8 (14 of 29 cases, 48%). Monosomy was seen more rarely, affecting preferentially chromosome 16 (19%), chromosome 17 (14%), and chromosome 4 (10%). A significant correlation was observed between aneusomy of chromosome 4 and tumor size (P < .05) or the presence of vascular embolism (P < .05). In conclusion, chromosomal gains are frequent genetic events in human HCC. A significant association between a gain in chromosome 4 and large tumor size or vascular embolism suggests that this genetic abnormality is a late event in liver carcinogenesis.
Immunological studies of aging. IV. The contribution of thymic involution to the immune deficiencies of aging mice and reversal with thymopoietin32-36.
Authors: M C Weksler, J D Innes, G Goldstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Aged mice preferentially lose the capacity to make IgG and high affinity PFC after immunization with the T-dependent antigen DNP-BGG. We have found that thymectomy accelerates the appearances of these immune deficiencies associated with aging. When splenocytes from old mice are transferred to young lethally irradiated, syngeneic mice and the recipients immunized 7 wk later, the number of IgG and high affinity PFC was increased compared to the response of old splenocytes transferred to young thymectomized mice. These immune deficiencies of aged mice were also reversed when old mice were treated with thymopoietin in vivo or splenocytes from old mice were incubated with thymopoietin before adoptive transfer to young irradiated, thymectomized syngeneic mice. The T-cell independent response to DNP-Ficoll was less impaired than the T-cell dependent response to DNP-BGG in old animals. These data suggest that a decline in thymic function that occurs during aging may contribute to the immunological deficiencies of old animals.
What has happened to the UK Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths?
Authors: A. Shennan, S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Following review a new consortium is charged with improving its output

On 13 June the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) in England and Wales announced that MBRRACE-UK (Mothers and Babies—Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK) had been appointed to run the national maternal, newborn, and infant clinical outcomes review programme, the latest incarnation of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths. MBRRACE-UK is a collaboration of members from the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU) and several universities and charities, and it is now faced with improving the quality of this long running programme and making sure its future recommendations are more evidence based. 

The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths was the world’s longest running clinical audit, originating in the mid-19th century. Local health board audits in the 1920s became a national (England and Wales) three yearly report funded by the Ministry of Health in 1952.1 Its most recent purpose has been to monitor causes of maternal death, improve safety, and reduce mortality using a system of anonymised case records and regional and national assessors, with review, standardisation, and recommendations. The inquiry has engendered …