tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Practice and Performance: An Assessment of Ambulatory Care
Authors: Joseph S. Gonnella
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book summarizes a study documenting the quality and patterns of care provided in a sample of ambulatory settings in Connecticut. The scope of the work and the quality of research are impressive. However, the reader should be aware of the limitations of the technique used to evaluate patient care. For each of several medical problems, long checklists of steps taken in patient care and diagnosis were devised. Each item on the checklist was allotted a number of points, meant to reflect its importance to diagnosis and treatment. However, for a given problem, all criteria on the checklist for that problem applied to all patients, ie, branching was not used. Thus, the same exhaustive checklist would be applied to all patients with a given problem, eg, hypertension, when, in fact, patients' conditions might be more fairly evaluated if their records were audited for only those criteria that applied to their
Promoting wellbeing among doctors
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Studies on physician functioning have focused almost exclusively on impairment, and as a result we know much about doctors' disease and despair, their substance misuse, burnout, and dysfunctional relationships. But we know very little about what keeps them feeling well.

Though this may simply reflect the tendency for psychological research to focus on pathology rather than health, it nevertheless leaves doctors with little information to guide them in living positive and healthy lives. For this reason we have devoted the January issue of wjm , the Western Journal of Medicine , to exploring what we can do to promote physician wellbeing (http://www.ewjm.com/). The issue includes studies on physician wellbeing, offers practical advice to physicians and policymakers, and gives some healthy alternatives to our damaging ways of living and working. There are two key themes that run throughout the issue—the ability of doctors to influence their own happiness through their personal values and choices, and the need for them to have some control over their external work environment.

The importance of the first theme is shown by a qualitative study of the …
CCR5 as a Treatment Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Valérie Amsellem, Larissa Lipskaia, Shariq Abid, Lucie Poupel, Amal Houssaini, Rozenn Quarck, Elisabeth Marcos, Nathalie Mouraret, Aurélien Parpaleix, Régis Bobe, Guillaume Gary-Bobo, Mirna Saker, Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé, Mark T. Gladwin, Karen A. Norris, Marion Delcroix, Christophe Combadière, Serge Adnot
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH), whether idiopathic or related to underlying diseases such as HIV infection, results from complex vessel remodeling involving both pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) proliferation and inflammation. CCR5, a coreceptor for cellular HIV-1 entry expressed on macrophages and vascular cells, may be involved in the pathogenesis of PH. Maraviroc is a new CCR5 antagonist designed to block HIV entry.Marked CCR5 expression was found in lungs from patients with idiopathic PH, in mice with hypoxia-induced PH, and in Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques, in which it was localized chiefly in the PA-SMCs. To assess the role for CCR5 in experimental PH, we used both gene disruption and pharmacological CCR5 inactivation in mice. Because maraviroc does not bind to murine CCR5, we used human-CCR5ki mice for pharmacological and immunohistochemical studies. Compared with wild-type mice, CCR5-/- mice or human-CCR5ki mice treated with maraviroc exhibited decreased PA-SMC proliferation and recruitment of perivascular and alveolar macrophages during hypoxia exposure. CCR5-/- mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow cells and wild-type mice reconstituted with CCR5-/- bone marrow cells were protected against PH, suggesting CCR5-mediated effects on PA-SMCs and macrophage involvement. The CCR5 ligands CCL5 and the HIV-1 gp120 protein increased intracellular calcium and induced growth of human and human-CCR5ki mouse PA-SMCs; maraviroc inhibited both effects. Maraviroc also reduced the growth-promoting effects of conditioned media from CCL5-activated macrophages derived from human-CCR5ki mice on PA-SMCs from wild-type mice.The CCL5-CCR5 pathway represents a new therapeutic target in PH associated with HIV or with other conditions.
More Causes of Red Urine
Authors: Michael A. Glucksman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In his article "When the Urine Is Red," Berman fails to mention what, in my experience, is one of the most common causes of red-colored urine—the ingestion of any one of a number of laxatives containing danthron. Although this phenomenon is mentioned in the<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i>, apparently not many physicians know of it, for I have seen a number of patients referred for evaluation of hematuria in whom only this danthron-induced discoloration of urine was present.
m-Calpain Induction in Vascular Endothelial Cells on Human and Mouse Atheromas and Its Roles in VE-Cadherin Disorganization and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Takuro Miyazaki, Yoshitaka Taketomi, Masafumi Takimoto, Xiao-Feng Lei, Shigeko Arita, Joo-ri Kim-Kaneyama, Satoru Arata, Hisayuki Ohata, Hidekazu Ota, Makoto Murakami, Akira Miyazaki
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Although dysfunction of VE-cadherin-mediated adherence junctions in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is thought to be one of the initial steps of atherosclerosis, little is known regarding how VE-cadherin is disrupted during atherogenic development. This study focused on the role of calpain, an intracellular cysteine protease, in the proteolytic disorganization of VE-cadherin and subsequent progression of atherosclerosis.Increased expression of m-calpain was observed in aortic ECs in atherosclerotic lesions in humans and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (ldlr(-/-)) mice. Furthermore, proteolytic disorganization of VE-cadherin was shown in aortic ECs in ldlr(-/-) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. Long-term administration of calpain inhibitors into these mice attenuated atherosclerotic lesion development and proinflammatory responses, as well as VE-cadherin disorganization, without normalization of plasma lipid profiles. Furthermore, in vivo transfection of m-calpain siRNA to ldlr(-/-) mice prevented disorganization of VE-cadherin and proatherogenic hyperpermeability in aortic ECs. Treatment of cultured ECs with oxidized LDL, lysophosphatidylcholine, or LDL pretreated with secreted phospholipase A(2) led to the induction of m-calpain but not of μ-calpain, thereby eliciting selective m-calpain overactivation. These data suggest that lysophosphatidylcholine-induced m-calpain directly cleaves a juxtamembrane region of VE-cadherin, resulting in dissociation of β-catenin from the VE-cadherin complex, disorganization of adherence junctions, and hyperpermeability in ECs.Subtype-selective induction of m-calpain in aortic ECs during atherosclerotic progression is associated with proteolytic disorganization of VE-cadherin and proatherogenic hyperpermeability in cells. Thus, a strategy to selectively inhibit m-calpain may be useful for the therapeutic treatment of patients with atherosclerosis.
WEIGHT AS A ROUTINE TEST IN PREGNANCY: A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: C. Henry Davis
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Urinalysis was for many years the only routine test employed during pregnancy. Within the last decade, the value of blood pressure readings, previously rarely used as a special test, has been generally recognized. Both of these tests give valuable data; but I have found that the information gained from the routine recording of weight greatly enhances their clinical value, and I urge the addition of this third test in all prenatal work. A survey of the literature reveals only a few articles since that of Gassner published in 1862. From two years' experience in recording weight as a routine test, I am convinced that Gassner's average gain of 3½ to 5½ pounds (1.6 to 2.5 kg.) a month during the last three months of pregnancy is excessive, and should be prevented through careful regulation of diet. Since the average loss of weight following delivery is between 15 and 20 pounds
Phase 2 study of PVAG (prednisone, vinblastine, doxorubicin, gemcitabine) in elderly patients with early unfavorable or advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Boris Böll, Henning Bredenfeld, Helen Görgen, Teresa Halbsguth, Hans T. Eich, Martin Soekler, Jana Markova, Ulrich Keller, Ullrich Graeven, Stephan Kremers, Michael Geissler, Guido Trenn, Michael Fuchs, Bastian von Tresckow, Dennis A. Eichenauer, Peter Borchmann, Andreas Engert
Journal: Blood (2011)
Secular Trends in the Incidence of and Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes in Japanese Population
Authors: Michiaki Kubo, Jun Hata, Yasufumi Doi, Yumihiro Tanizaki, Mitsuo Iida, Yutaka Kiyohara
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The study of long-term trends in the incidence of and risk factors for ischemic stroke subtypes could offer insights into primary and secondary prevention. Methods and Results— We established 3 cohorts of residents ≥40 years of age in 1961, 1974, and 1988 in the Japanese community of Hisayama. Morphological examinations by autopsy or brain imaging were performed on most of the ischemic stroke cases developed in these cohorts. When 13-year follow-up data were compared, the age-adjusted incidence of ischemic stroke and lacunar infarction declined significantly from the first to the third cohort for both sexes, whereas the incidences of atherothrombotic and cardioembolic infarction did not change during this period. Hypertension was a powerful risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke, and improvement of hypertension control would have largely influenced this declining trend: The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio of hypertension decreased from 3.25 (95% CI 2.17 to 4.86) in the first cohort to 1.83 (1.29 to 2.58) in the third cohort. A rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic disorders may have offset the impact of improvements in hypertension control and resulted in a slowdown of the decline in the incidence of ischemic stroke in the cohorts in the present study; however, hypertension still makes a large contribution to the development of ischemic stroke. Conclusions— These findings suggest that in the Japanese population, the incidence of ischemic stroke has declined significantly over the past 40 years, probably owing to better management of hypertension. There is a need for greater primary prevention efforts in the treatment of hypertension and metabolic disorders.
Cobalamin malabsorption due to nondegradation of R proteins in the human intestine. Inhibited cobalamin absorption in exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.
Authors: G Marcoullis, Y Parmentier, J P Nicolas, M Jimenez, P Gerard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

In vivo studies demonstrate that the pancreatic enzymes and the ionic environment in the upper gastrointestinal tract are essential determining factors for transport and absorption of cobalamin in man. Jejunal fluid was aspirated from healthy human volunteers after administration of cyano[57Co]cobalamin preparations. Immunochemical analysis of the aspirates demonstrated that all isotopic vitamin was transferred to a protein that is identical to the gastric intrinsic factor in terms of molecular mass (57,500), ionic nature (mean pI, 5.09), and reactivity with anti-intrinsic factor sera. However, in the aspirates from patients with exocrine pancreatic dysfunction the vitamin was found to be coupled > 60% to a protein identical to R proteins in terms of molecular mass (125,000), ionic nature (mean pI, 3.51), and reactivity with anti-R protein and anti-intrinsic factor sera. The preferential transfer of cobalamin to R proteins in the patients and to intrinsic factor in healthy subjects was associated, respectively, with low and normal levels of pancreatic enzymes in the intestine and these in turn were paralleled respectively by impaired and normal ileal absorption of cobalamin. These findings confirm the suggestion that the formation of unabsorbable cobalamin complexes may be the reason of impaired vitamin absorption in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Observations made with other selected patients demonstrate: (a) that decreased enzyme activity and nondegradation of R proteins may also be due to nonactivation of pancreatic zymogens in an acidic pH of the intestinal juice the vitamin transported to the jejunum couples to intrinsic factor when pancreatic function is normal, and to intrinsic factor and R protein in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The observations made with these selected patients may explain why not all patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency develop imparied cobalamin absorption, and also why the malabsorption is corrected by the administration of bicarbonate in certain patients.
Organelle specific imaging in live cells and immuno-labeling using resonance Raman probe
Authors: Yuee Li, Jeongyun Heo, Chang-Keun Lim, Artem Pliss, Aliaksandr V. Kachynski, Andrey N. Kuzmin, Sehoon Kim, Paras N. Prasad
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Corticosteroid therapy in patients with primary viral pneumonia due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza
Authors: Emili Diaz, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Laura Canadell, Loreto Vidaur, David Suarez, Lorenzo Socias, Angel Estella, Bernardo Gil Rueda, José Eugenio Guerrero, Montserrat Valverdú-Vidal, Juan Carlos Vergara, María Jesús López-Pueyo, Mónica Magret, Teresa Recio, Diego López, Jordi Rello, Alejandro Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
The “pathology” of renal artery stenosis: an intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: R. Mehran, G.S. Mintz, J.R. Laird, K.M. Kent, A.D. Pichard, L.F. Satler, J.J. Popma, C.L. Walsh, Marilyn Ezibe, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Exome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinomas identifies new mutational signatures and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Kornelius Schulze, Sandrine Imbeaud, Eric Letouzé, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Julien Calderaro, Sandra Rebouissou, Gabrielle Couchy, Clément Meiller, Jayendra Shinde, Frederic Soysouvanh, Anna-Line Calatayud, Roser Pinyol, Laura Pelletier, Charles Balabaud, Alexis Laurent, Jean-Frederic Blanc, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Fabien Calvo, Augusto Villanueva, Jean-Charles Nault, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Michael R Stratton, Josep M Llovet, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CARDIAC CT: THE INCREMENTAL VALUE OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION OVER CAD SEVERITY: RESULTS FROM THE MULTINATIONAL CONFIRM REGISTRY (CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY EVALUATION FOR CLINICAL OUTCOMES: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER REGISTRY)
Authors: Benjamin J.W. Chow, Stephan Achenbach, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Daniel Berman, Matthew Budoff, Filippo Cademartiri, Tracy Callister, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Augustin Delago, Allison Dunning, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Philipp Kaufmann, Gil Raff, Leslee Shaw, Todd Villines, James Min
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Utility of Recent Studies to Assess the National Research Council 2001 Estimates of Cancer Risk from Ingested Arsenic
Authors: Herman Gibb, Cary Haver, David Gaylor, Santhini Ramasamy, Janice S. Lee, Danelle Lobdell, Timothy Wade, Chao Chen, Paul White, Reeder Sams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

ObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of recent epidemiologic literature on the National Research Council (NRC) assessment of the lung and bladder cancer risks from ingesting low concentrations (< 100 μg/L) of arsenic-contaminated water.Data sources, extraction, and synthesisPubMed was searched for epidemiologic studies pertinent to the lung and bladder cancer risk estimates from low-dose arsenic exposure. Articles published from 2001, the date of the NRC assessment, through September 2010 were included. Fourteen epidemiologic studies on lung and bladder cancer risk were identified as potentially useful for the analysis.ConclusionsRecent epidemiologic studies that have investigated the risk of lung and bladder cancer from low arsenic exposure are limited in their ability to detect the NRC estimates of excess risk because of sample size and less than lifetime exposure. Although the ecologic nature of the Taiwanese studies on which the NRC estimates are based present certain limitations, the data from these studies have particular strengths in that they describe lung and bladder cancer risks resulting from lifetime exposure in a large population and remain the best data on which to conduct quantitative risk assessment. Continued follow-up of a population in northeastern Taiwan, however, offers the best opportunity to improve the cancer risk assessment for arsenic in drinking water. Future studies of arsenic < 100 μg/L in drinking water and lung and bladder cancer should consider adequacy of the sample size, the synergistic relationship of arsenic and smoking, duration of arsenic exposure, age when exposure began and ended, and histologic subtype.
IMMUNOLOGIC UNRESPONSIVENESS INDUCED BY PROTEIN ANTIGENS
Authors: Frank J. Dixon, Paul H. Maurer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

1. Repeated large infusions of heterologous plasma proteins can induce a state of specific immunologic unresponsiveness in rabbits. In normal adult rabbits this unresponsiveness in most instances lasts only about as long as the heterologous proteins are detectable in the host (3 to 4 months). In rabbits infused from the time of birth and perhaps x-radiated adult rabbits the induced immunologic unresponsiveness lasted throughout the period of observation (10 to 11 months), long after disappearance of all detectable foreign proteins. 2. This unresponsiveness appears to be specific for the antigens administered in excess and does not prevent antibody responses to even closely related antigens. 3. The unresponsiveness was not transmitted to first generation offspring. 4. The mechanism of the temporary unresponsiveness which occurs in normal adult rabbits may be dependent upon the actual presence of the antigen in the host. However, the unresponsiveness does not result from a simple neutralization of antibody, as it is formed, by the antigen, as has been suggested in the case of pneumococcal polysaccharide induced immunologic paralysis. 5. On the other hand, the mechanism of the lasting immunologic unresponsiveness developing in the "newborn" and perhaps the x-rayed rabbits may depend upon the acceptance of the foreign protein as essentially non-antigenic by the host. A similar situation is seen in the naturally occurring placental transfer of dissimilar red blood cell types between fraternal twins.
Prevention of Hepatitis in Day-Care Centers
Authors: A. William Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Hadler et al (1983;249:48) demonstrates clearly that a substantial reduction in the incidence of hepatitis A in day-care center—related outbreaks can be achieved by the use of prophylactic immunoglobulin. Those of us who work with patients with hepatitis have come to recognize the importance of the day-care center as a reservoir of infection in many communities. Lest we feel that this is a new epidemiologic phenomenon, we should recall the report of Capps and co-workers,<sup>1</sup>who described, more than 30 years ago, transmission of hepatitis from diapered children to student nurses, a situation that I believe directly parallels that existing in the day-care center environment. Capps and co-workers also showed a substantial reduction in the incidence of hepatitis in those nurses after the institution of immunoglobulin prophylaxis. More importantly, they showed<i>cessation</i>of the occurrence of hepatitis in this population after the institution
IgA antiepidermal transglutaminase antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis: a significant but not complete response to a gluten-free diet treatment
Authors: T. Reunala, T.T. Salmi, K. Hervonen, K. Laurila, H. Kautiainen, P. Collin, K. Kaukinen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article IgA antiepidermal transglutaminase antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis: a significant but not complete response to a gluten‐free diet treatment Get access T. Reunala, T. Reunala Department of Dermatology Tampere University Hospital PO. Box 33521 Tampere FinlandSchool of Medicine University of Tampere Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.T. Salmi, T.T. Salmi Department of Dermatology Tampere University Hospital PO. Box 33521 Tampere FinlandSchool of Medicine University of Tampere Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Hervonen, K. Hervonen Department of Dermatology Tampere University Hospital PO. Box 33521 Tampere FinlandSchool of Medicine University of Tampere Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Laurila, K. Laurila Tampere Center for Child Health Research University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kautiainen, H. Kautiainen Unit of Primary Health Care Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki FinlandDepartment of General Practice University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandUnit of Primary Health Care Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Collin, P. Collin Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery Tampere University Hospital PO. Box 33521 Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kaukinen K. Kaukinen School of Medicine University of Tampere Tampere FinlandDepartment of Internal Medicine Tampere University Hospital PO. Box 33521 Tampere Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 4, 1 April 2015, Pages 1139–1141, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13387 Published: 01 April 2015
Why patients still die after paracetamol poisoning
Authors: J M. Tredger, J. G O'Grady, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1986)

gesia has not been shown to be associated with increased perinatal mortality or morbidity, but the consequences of forceps delivery should not be dismissed too readily, as O'Driscoll and his colleagues have shown.5Safemanagementoflabour with increased availability and use of epidurals calls for a very high standard of obstetric and midwifery care, not just an increased number of consultant sessions in obstetric anaesthesia.
The Effect of Routine Endoscopy on the Detection Rate of T1 Gastric Cancer (Early Gastric Cancer) in Birmingham
Authors: K. M. Newbold, H. Thompson, P. W. Dykes
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The introduction of routine endoscopy facilities at the General Hospital, Birmingham has made no significant impact on the proportion of stage T1 or 'early' gastric cancers detected. Prior to this, T1 cancers comprised 2.8% of all tumors diagnosed, or 4.2% of resected cases. Following establishment of the service in 1974, 3.2% of all cases and 6.3% of those resected were stage T1 lesions. The clinical presentation reflected the high proportion of tumors associated with ulceration (67%). The accuracy rate for pre-operative diagnosis of a malignant lesion was barium meal 67%, cytology alone 73%, biopsy alone 80%, and cytology and biopsy in combination, repeated if suspicious, 100%. The crude survival rate at 5 years was 83.3% (age-adjusted 96%), and at 10 years 53.8%).