tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retraction: Shamim et al. Nonsurgical Reduction of the Interventricular Septum in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1326-33.
Authors: Andrew J S Coats, Michael Henein, Marcus Flather, Ulrich Sigwart, Hubert Seggewiss, Duolao Wang, Mohammed Yousufuddin, Waqar Shamim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Retraction: Shamim et al. Nonsurgical Reduction of the Interventricular Septum in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1326-33.
Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lisa B Signorello, Bernard L Harlow, Amy K Chekos, John T Repke
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the relation between midline episiotomy and postpartum anal incontinence. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective cohort study with three study arms and six months of follow up. <b>Setting:</b> University teaching hospital. <b>Participants:</b> Primiparous women who vaginally delivered a live full term, singleton baby between 1 August 1996 and 8 February 1997: 209 who received an episiotomy; 206 who did not receive an episiotomy but experienced a second, third, or fourth degree spontaneous perineal laceration; and 211 who experienced either no laceration or a first degree perineal laceration. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Self reported faecal and flatus incontinence at three and six months postpartum. <b>Results:</b> Women who had episiotomies had a higher risk of faecal incontinence at three (odds ratio 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 16.2) and six (3.7, 0.9 to 15.6) months postpartum compared with women with an intact perineum. Compared with women with a spontaneous laceration, episiotomy tripled the risk of faecal incontinence at three months (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 7.9) and six months (0.7 to 11.2) postpartum, and doubled the risk of flatus incontinence at three months (1.3 to 3.4) and six months (1.2 to 3.7) postpartum. A non-extending episiotomy (that is, second degree surgical incision) tripled the risk of faecal incontinence (1.1 to 9.0) and nearly doubled the risk of flatus incontinence (1.0 to 3.0) at three months postpartum compared with women who had a second degree spontaneous tear. The effect of episiotomy was independent of maternal age, infant birth weight, duration of second stage of labour, use of obstetric instrumentation during delivery, and complications of labour. <b>Conclusions:</b> Midline episiotomy is not effective in protecting the perineum and sphincters during childbirth and may impair anal continence.
An improved method for determining the flow characteristics of prosthetic mitral heart valves
Authors: J. T. M. Wright, L. J. Temple
Journal: Thorax (1971)

The flow characteristics of most prosthetic mitral valves recommended for clinical use have not been adequately investigated. As a result vital information about their performance is lacking and, until this is published, comparisons between different prostheses cannot easily be made. In this paper the design and construction of a suitable rig for the testing of such valves is described. The results obtained will be presented in a subsequent paper.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis Following Common Upper-Respiratory-Tract Infection
Authors: Charles Z. Naggar
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PNEUMATOSIS intestinalis (PI), ie, the presence of intramural-gas pseudocysts parallel to the long axis of the intestine, is invariably a consequence of intra-abdominal or chronic pulmonary disease. In our patient, pneumatosis coli developed after a mild upper-respiratory-tract infection (URI), which was hallmarked by paroxysms of cough. The case report suggests that recurrent cough in a person with normal pulmonary status can induce the pneumatosis phenomenon. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A healthy 14-year-old girl was first seen because of cough, rhinorrhea, and fever. Rales were heard in the right lung base, and a diagnosis of viral URI and viral pneumonitis was made clinically. No evidence of pericarditis or pleuritis was noted. Erythromycin (Erythrocin), 1 gm daily, was prescribed but discontinued by the patient after two days. Nonproductive coughing persisted and often recurred in paroxysms. On the seventh day, nausea and vomiting ensued, and diffuse abdominal pain at times was relieved by
Beyond Grief: Studies in Crisis Intervention
Authors: Eduardo Val
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book was edited by Erich Lindemann's wife, Elizabeth, a conjoint venture that started before his death in 1974. It consists of a series of previously published articles, some in their original form, others edited, and some from lectures and talks never published, covering a span of more than 30 years. As the title aptly implies, the book goes beyond the original description and dynamic formulation of the bereavement process to concern itself with applications derived from the understanding and adaptational mechanisms of grief, to direct patient care, research strategies, and to educational and delivery of service philosophies. The chapters, assembled in chronological order in five topical sections, deal with clinical aspects, community mental health, professional roles, change, and an epitome about Lindemann's reaction to his own lengthy fatal illness. Two appendices are included—one providing his biographic data and the other a chronological reference to all his contributions. Ultimately, this
Complications with shunts in adults with spina bifida
Authors: P. Tomlinson, I D Sugarman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the incidence of malfunction of shunts in adults with spina bifida who have shunts to control hydrocephalus. <b>Design</b>: A retrospective review of the medical notes and contact by questionnaire of adults with spina bifida to assess symptoms, function of shunts, frequency of operative procedures, and follow up. <b>Subjects</b>: 110 patients with shunts who attended Lord Mayor Treloar College for the physically disabled between 1978 and 1993. <b>Results</b>: The average (range) number of revisions of shunts per person was 3.6 (0-28). Although 37 patients underwent an emergency operation for revision in their first year of life, there was a continuing low incidence, increasing in the early teenage years, which persisted into the third decade. Intervals between emergency revisions varied: 202/320 occurred within one year of the last shunt operation, 56 occurred after five years, 24 after 10 years, and 15 after 15 or more years. Fifteen patients had chronic intermittent headaches, of whom four died and three suffered severe morbidity. Thirteen died; three had raised intracranial pressure, and four died suddenly; these deaths were presumed to be related to their shunts. Up to the age of 16 there was 100% hospital follow up, but after that only 40% of young adults underwent review, including review of their shunt function. <b>Conclusion</b>: Shunts to control hydrocephalus may fail after many years without symptoms. This is difficult to diagnose and if missed may lead to chronic morbidity and death. As hospital follow up of this group is falling, both general practitioners and hospital doctors must be aware that a shunt may malfunction after prolonged quiescent periods.
ARCHETYPAL PATTERNS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: EDWARD F. EDINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

The purpose of this paper is to present briefly Jung's theory of archetypes and to illustrate it with specific case material. An archetype is described as an inherent pattern of psychic function common to all human beings and thought to be inherited with the brain structure. Archetypes present themselves in unconscious symbolism as certain characteristic recurring themes and figures of a mythological nature. Since religions and mythologies come from the same unconscious source as dreams and delusions, we find the same basic archetypal themes appearing in all such unconscious productions. Thus schizophrenic delusions are found to show many parallels with religious and mythological symbolism. The conscious ego of the schizophrenic has been overwhelmed by these archetypal contents and the patient often identifies himself with such suprapersonal figures as the mythological hero or the religious savior. Such figures represent basic forces of life which are collective or social in nature and transcend the individual ego. Any attempt to appropriate them for personal aggrandizement leads to alienation from reality.
Haloperidol and Propranolol in Combination-Reply
Authors: Kathleen McCarty
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We read Dr Burnakis' comments concerning our case report with interest. His point about propranolol not decreasing peripheral resistance is well taken. We are aware of the reported effects of propranolol and haloperidol that Dr Burnakis mentions in his letter. What is unique about our patient, we feel, is that she was treated with propranolol and haloperidol singly at different times without adverse effects, and only had the severe reactions we reported when she was given propranolol and haloperidol concurrently or in close temporal succession. Perhaps Dr Burnakis is correct in stating that our proposed mechanism is erroneous. We suspect that the patient in our case report has a genetic susceptibility to this drug combination and is unique in this respect. We do not suggest that this drug combination not be used, but we do advise caution.
Increased local expression of coagulation factor X contributes to the fibrotic response in human and murine lung injury
Authors: Chris J. Scotton, Malvina A. Krupiczojc, Melanie Königshoff, Paul F. Mercer, Y.C. Gary Lee, Naftali Kaminski, John Morser, Joseph M. Post, Toby M. Maher, Andrew G. Nicholson, James D. Moffatt, Geoffrey J. Laurent, Claudia K. Derian, Oliver Eickelberg, Rachel C. Chambers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Uncontrolled activation of the coagulation cascade contributes to the pathophysiology of several conditions, including acute and chronic lung diseases. Coagulation zymogens are considered to be largely derived from the circulation and locally activated in response to tissue injury and microvascular leak. Here we report that expression of coagulation factor X (FX) is locally increased in human and murine fibrotic lung tissue, with marked immunostaining associated with bronchial and alveolar epithelia. FXa was a potent inducer of the myofibroblast differentiation program in cultured primary human adult lung fibroblasts via TGF-β activation that was mediated by proteinase-activated receptor–1 (PAR1) and integrin αvβ5. PAR1, αvβ5, and α-SMA colocalized to fibrotic foci in lung biopsy specimens from individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, we demonstrated a causal link between FXa and fibrosis development by showing that a direct FXa inhibitor attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. These data support what we believe to be a novel pathogenetic mechanism by which FXa, a central proteinase of the coagulation cascade, is locally expressed and drives the fibrotic response to lung injury. These findings herald a shift in our understanding of the origins of excessive procoagulant activity and place PAR1 central to the cross-talk between local procoagulant signaling and tissue remodeling.
Results From FAST-3: A Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Subcutaneous Icatibant in Patients with Acute Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks
Authors: W.R. Lumry, H.H. Li, R.J. Levy, P.C. Potter, H. Farkas, A. Reshef, D. Moldovan, M. Riedl, H. Li, B.J. Bloom
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Antenatal Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: E. M. Sibthorpe
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Pulmonary embolism is well recognized as a complica- tion of the puerperium, but its occurrence in the antenatal period is apparently rare.In a recent comprehensive review of the literature Ullery (1954) was able to find only 23 cases since 1922, and added two cases of his own.Three cases of antenatal pulmonary embolism were treated in the Professorial Unit of Obstetrics, Bristol, in 1954, and the details of these cases are recorded below.Case 1 This patient was a 7-gravida aged 38 years.All her pre- vious pregnancies had been uneventful and the children were alive and well.She was admitted to hospital on August 14, 1954, at the 38th week of pregnancy because her blood was found to be rhesus-negative and contained immune antibodies.Her pregnancy had been uneventful apart from superficial
Treatment of Children with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: James T. Cassidy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

AN article in this week's issue of the Journal, entitled "Penicillamine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Severe Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial," concludes that in the presence of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, neither agent is superior to placebo in the treatment of the disorder.1 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis comprises a group of childhood diseases characterized by chronic arthritis affecting peripheral joints with varying degrees of severity or by systemic involvement, with an unpredictable course.2 The basic treatment regimen consists of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug and supportive programs such as physical therapy. If the patient . . .
HERPES ZOSTER SIMULATING NEPHROLITHIASIS
Authors: Wyndham B. Blanton
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A woman, aged 52, was suddenly affected by pain immediately over and below the left tenth rib posteriorly. The pain was sharp and cutting, did not radiate, and was not affected by breathing. For the past five years the patient had been under observation for an elevation of blood pressure (systolic, 200; diastolic, 110); she had frequent headaches, a faint trace of albumin in the urine, no casts, a negative Wassermann reaction, a blood urea of 25 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters, a normal blood count, and normal stools. There was moderate tenderness on the left side over an area about the size of the hand, extending from the tenth rib down. The greatest tenderness seemed to follow the course of the last intercostal nerve. The impression was intercostal neuralgia. The pain was controlled by acetylsalicylic acid during the daytime, but was worse at night, gradually increasing in severity until
Resistance to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) treatment in obese patients with gall stones
Authors: J H Iser, P. N Maton, G. M Murphy, R H. Dowling
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In most patients with radiolucent gall stones who were given chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in doses of 13-15 mg/kg body weight/day the bile became unsaturated in cholesterol, and their gall stones dissolved. The patients whose stones did not dissolve were significantly heavier and fatter than the responders, which suggested that obese patients might be “resistant” to the effects of CDCA. To test this hypothesis, 32 consecutive patients presenting for medical treatment of gall stones had their ideal body weight (IBW) and estimated body fat mass calculated. The eight most obese and the eight least obese patients were then selected, and their fasting bile lipid responses to CDCA 13-15 mg/kg/day were measured. The very obese patients were also given larger doses, and any changes in bile lipid composition were studied in relation to subsequent gall-stone dissolution. Before treatment the obese patients had a higher mean biliary cholesterol saturation index than the non-obese patients, and this difference was maintained during treatment with the normal dose of CDCA: the bile in the obese patients remained supersaturated while that in the non-obese became unsaturated with cholesterol. When the obese patients were given larger doses of CDCA their bile ultimately became unsaturated in cholesterol. Gall stones dissolved partially or completely in five of the eight non-obese patients after 6-18 months of 13-15 mg CDCA/kg/day, but none of the obese patients showed any response after comparable periods of treatment with this standard dose. With increased doses and unsaturated bile, however, three of the obese patients showed partial gall-stone dissolution after 3-12 months9 treatment and one showed complete gall-stone dissolution after three years9 treatment. These results suggest that when giving CDCA to patients with gall stones, larger than normal doses (some 18-20 mg/kg/day) should be prescribed. Alternatively the lipid composition of the patients9 bile should be monitored by duodenal intubation and the CDCA dose increased until the bile becomes unsaturated in cholesterol.
A Practical Guide from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) Regarding the Radiographic Assessment of Treatment Response of Thymic Epithelial Tumors Using Modified RECIST Criteria
Authors: Marcelo F. Benveniste, Robert J. Korst, Arun Rajan, Frank C. Detterbeck, Edith M. Marom
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases : Eds A J Silman, M C Hochberg. (Pp 381; pound95.) Oxford: University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-1926-3149-7
Authors: F Guillemin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Eight years after the first edition, this revision reflects the extraordinary growing importance of epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases. The present volume illustrates the complexity of the discipline and its many links with other specialties, particularly with genetics. It makes it very clear that the epidemiology of rheumatic diseases deserves more than a sentence or a section at the beginning of each chapter in textbooks.

This second edition has been largely rewritten and augmented by new contributions. It expands the scope to new aspects of rheumatology, including syndromes and the particular burden of overall musculoskeletal diseases, which is of major importance at the beginning of the Bone and Joint Decade (BJD). …
Role of vascular endothelial cell growth factor in Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome.
Authors: E R Levin, G F Rosen, D L Cassidenti, B Yee, D Meldrum, A Wisot, A Pedram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with gonadotropins is followed by Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) in some women. An unidentified capillary permeability factor from the ovary has been implicated, and vascular endothelial cell growth/permeability factor (VEGF) is a candidate protein. Follicular fluids (FF) from 80 women who received hormonal induction for infertility were studied. FFs were grouped according to oocyte production, from group I (0-7 oocytes) through group IV (23-31 oocytes). Group IV was comprised of four women with the most severe symptoms of OHSS. Endothelial cell (EC) permeability induced by the individual FF was highly correlated to oocytes produced (r2 = 0.73, P < 0.001). Group IV FF stimulated a 63+/-4% greater permeability than FF from group I patients (P < 0. 01), reversed 98% by anti-VEGF antibody. Group IV fluids contained the VEGF165 isoform and significantly greater concentrations of VEGF as compared with group I (1,105+/-87 pg/ml vs. 353+/-28 pg/ml, P < 0. 05). Significant cytoskeletal rearrangement of F-actin into stress fibers and a destruction of ZO-1 tight junction protein alignment was caused by group IV FF, mediated in part by nitric oxide. These mechanisms, which lead to increased EC permeability, were reversed by the VEGF antibody. Our results indicate that VEGF is the FF factor responsible for increased vascular permeability, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of OHSS.
S126 The cell adhesion receptor CADM1 regulates other adhesion receptors in human mast cells
Authors: E. P. Moiseeva, M. L. Leyland, P. Bradding
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) contributes to adhesion, viability and adhesion-induced degranulation in mast cells. Severity of asthma correlates with accumulation of human lung mast cells in specific compartments, including airway smooth muscle (ASM). human lung mast cells adhesion to ASM is known to be mediated by CADM1, integrins and other receptors. Here we investigated the role of CADM1 in the cell-cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion of mast cells to primary ASM. <h3>Methods</h3> The mast cell line HMC-1 was used in adhesion assays to primary ASM and ECM produced by these cells. ECM was prepared by hypotonic extraction with detergents to remove cell content. Modulation of CADM1 expression by adenoviral delivery in HMC-1 cells was verified by FACS and Western blotting. Cells with modulated CADM1 were examined in adhesion assays. <h3>Results</h3> HMC-1 cells adhered to ASM in a time-dependent manner, reaching 92% and 70% adhesion at 1 h to ASM and ECM, respectively. Addition of EDTA resulted in a reduction of adhesion to ASM and ECM to 55% and 22%, respectively, indicating a major role of cation<sup>2+</sup>-independent receptors in cell-cell and integrins in ECM adhesion of mast cells. CADM1-overexpression did not change adhesion to ASM (98%), but decreased adhesion to ECM to 55%. CADM1 RNA interference in HMC-1 resulted in 60% reduction of surface CADM1 and complete loss of CADM1 determined by FACS and Western blotting, respectively, 6 days after transduction. CADM1 downregulation resulted in drastically reduced adhesion to both ASM and ECM down to 37 and 17%, respectively. Addition of EDTA further decreased adhesion to ASM and ECM to 13% and 6%, respectively. Thus, CADM1 downregulation drastically decreased net adhesion of mast cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mast cell adhesion receptor CADM1 plays a regulatory role in mast cell adhesion by affecting not only cell-cell adhesion, but also ECM adhesion.
796-2 Application of Lessons Learned from Cardiac Interventional Techniques to Carotid Angioplasty (PTA)
Authors: Sanjay S. Yadav, Gary S. Roubin, Sriram Iyer, Suresh Jain, Gerald Blackwell, Jiri Vitek, Natalia Plyuscheva, Dennis Doblars, Winfield Fisher, Gerald M. Pohost
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Standards for Medical Expert Testimony
Authors: Lars Noah
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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