tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The challenge of mechanism-based modeling in risk assessment for neurobehavioral end points.
Authors: D Hattis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The mathematical form for a dose-time-response model is ideally not just a convenience for summarizing or fitting a particular data set--it represents a hypothesis. The more this hypothesis reflects a mechanistically sophisticated view of the likely reality, the more it can lead to potentially informative validating or invalidating types of predictions about the results of real experiments and (in the long run) reasonably credible predictions outside the range of direct observations. This paper first reviews some distinctive features of the nervous system and neurotoxic responses and theoretically explores some basic quantitative implications of these features. Relationships are derived for how dose-response relationships for the inhibition of function should depend on the numbers of neurons in series or redundant parallel arrangements that are required or capable of performing the function. Previous work is reviewed in which some less nervous-system-specific features were the foci of quantitative risk-assessment modeling for specific neurotoxic end points. These include a) rates of repair of putatively reversible damage in the case of acrylamide; b) human interindividual variability in susceptibility to fetal/developmental effects in the case of methylmercury; and c) opportunities to use intermediate biomarkers to assist in integrated animal toxicological and epidemiologic investigations of the chronic cumulative risks posed by agents that contribute to neuronal loss with increasing age and pathology.
Descartes' Medical Philosophy: The Organic Solution to the Mind-Body Problem
Authors: James M. Humber
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The author of this text seems to want to do two things. First, he wants to clarify  nature of  mind-body connection and, therefore, present a solution to  mind-body problem. Second, he wants to show that Descartes' philosophic thought forms a coherent, interrelated system—a system that he believes should be viewed as advancing knowledge in  areas of medicine, ethics, and political theory. Although  author is to be praised for his attempt to achieve these goals, I do not believe that he is successful.  First, although a number of problems have been referred to as the mind-body problem,  central difficulty for Descartes is this: How can mind and body relate in any way, given that these substances have mutually exclusive defining characteristics? For Descartes, a mind is totally nonmaterial; it cannot be conceived of as some form of material energy; it occupies no space, cannot move
Mutation of NLRC4 causes a syndrome of enterocolitis and autoinflammation
Authors: Neil Romberg, Khatoun Al Moussawi, Carol Nelson-Williams, Amy L Stiegler, Erin Loring, Murim Choi, John Overton, Eric Meffre, Mustafa K Khokha, Anita J Huttner, Brian West, Nikolai A Podoltsev, Titus J Boggon, Barbara I Kazmierczak, Richard P Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
30 years of ERCP and still the same problems?
Authors: N. Guda, M. Freeman
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

ERCP was first performed in the late 1960s, became a therapeutic modality when the first sphincterotomy was carried out in 1974 [1] [2], and has since evolved to become a predominantly therapeutic procedure. Although progress has been made, fear of serious complications still looms large in the minds of endoscopists and patients alike.
Over-activation of TLR5 signaling by high-dose flagellin induces liver injury in mice
Authors: Yang Xiao, Fang Liu, Jingyi Yang, Maohua Zhong, Ejuan Zhang, Yaoming Li, Dihan Zhou, Yuan Cao, Wei Li, Jie Yu, Yi Yang, Huimin Yan
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Combined T&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt; and T&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt; Therapy—Back to the Drawing Board
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asbestos diseases and compensation.
Authors: A Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

NHS.For the present measurement of bone mass in the over 60s should be limited to those patients with a clinical indication and in whom decisions about treatment will be influenced by the result.Indications should include a request from the well informed patient herself and a need to confirm (or dispel) a radiographic impression of osteoporosis.20In the future measurements of bone mineral density should be an integral part of the management of patients with osteoporosis.In this skeletal Utopia the role of densitometry in the over 60s will become more clear when we have powerful ways of influencing bone loss related to age.
Recombinant interleukin 2 and gamma-interferon act synergistically on distinct steps of in vitro terminal human B cell maturation.
Authors: . L® thi Bich-Thuy, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The effects of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the in vitro differentiation of human tonsillar B cells which were not preincubated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I or with anti-human IgM were investigated. IL-2 was shown to induce the generation of Ig-containing cells in a dose-dependent fashion from 2.5 to 2,500 U IL-2/ml. Conversely, the quantities of Ig secreted in the culture supernatant were found in the majority of experiments to peak at 25 U/ml. The possible presence, in cultures stimulated with IL-2, of cells that were capable of synthesizing Ig but that did not secrete the Ig they have produced was investigated. Among a number of factors tested, we found that gamma-interferon, which did not trigger in vitro B cell differentiation when used alone, can induce an increased secretion of Ig without noticeable change in the number of Ig-containing cells in cultures stimulated with IL-2. The possibility that gamma-interferon and IL-2 act on subsequent steps of in vitro B cell differentiation is discussed.
Systemic Toxic Effects Associated With High-Dose Verapamil Infusion and Chemotherapy Administration
Authors: G. D. Pennock, W. S. Dalton, W. R. Roeske, C. P. Appleton, K. Mosley, P. Plezia, T. P. Miller, S. E. Salmon
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Systemic Toxic Effects Associated With High-Dose Verapamil Infusion and Chemotherapy Administration Get access Gregory D. Pennock, Gregory D. Pennock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William S. Dalton, William S. Dalton * *Correspondence to : William S. Dalton, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, College of Medicine, 1515 N Campbell, Tucson, AZ 85724 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William R. Roeske, William R. Roeske Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher P. Appleton, Christopher P. Appleton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kurt Mosley, Kurt Mosley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Plezia, Patricia Plezia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas P. Miller, Thomas P. Miller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sydney E. Salmon Sydney E. Salmon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 2, 16 January 1991, Pages 105–110, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.2.105 Published: 16 January 1991 Article history Received: 28 August 1990 Revision received: 23 October 1990 Accepted: 01 November 1990 Published: 16 January 1991
Water, Water, Everywhere, and Not a Drop to Drink
Authors: David Carnahan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Early Treatment of Common Colds with an Antihistamine-Histadyl
Authors: Robert H. Browning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

A SERIES of articles on the use of antihistaminic drugs in the prevention and early treatment of common colds has appeared since the first paper by Brewster1 in 1947. Several early and very optimistic medical reports were quoted widely in lay periodicals. These did much to stimulate heavy over-the-counter sales of antihistamine drugs in the winter of 1949–50. In more recent reports2, 3 the trend of opinion has been against the efficacy of antihistamines in the treatment of the common cold. In contrast to some of the earlier reports, the studies of Cowan and Diehl2 and Feller et al.3 were well . . .
Data show disaster risk in Sarajevo
Authors: A Claxton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Half the homes in Sarajevo lack clean drinking water, says a report published last week by Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) Holland. The survey on which the report is based was carried out last December and is the second in a series that aims to collect objective data to assess the needs of the people trapped in Sarajevo. MSF interviewed a random sample of 400 households in the four main residential areas of …
CASUALTY ANESTHESIA IN ENGLAND
Authors: K. C. McCARTHY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

During the past year I served as anesthetist with the American Hospital in Britain Ltd., a volunteer organization financed by the British War Relief Society and headed by Dr. Philip D. Wilson, surgeon in chief of the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled. Eight months were spent in England, during which time there was an opportunity to observe the methods and agents used not only by the services but also by civilian agencies in the treatment of casualties from air raids and other manifestations of enemy action. While bomb injuries were numerous, quitea number of casualties were seen as a result of automobile and motorcycle accidents, for which the blackout was a contributing factor. There were also injuries from airplane crashes and the ordinary accidents suffered by troops in training. Gunshot wounds were comparatively rare.  To appreciate the place of anesthesia in casualty surgery it is necessary that one study the
Cardiac Surgery: Morphology, Diagnostic Criteria, Natural History, Techniques, Results, and Indications
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

When Kirklin or Barratt-Boyes speak, cardiovascular physicians listen. When they both write and then rewrite each line of the same book, even their usual crisp, logical, fully documented style improves, because the process forces them to reconcile their differences. This book will, thus, leave a deep imprint on the heart and mind of any reader interested in cardiac disease. Dwight C. McGoon, for example, says in his foreword, It would be expected that my background of clinical experiences as well as services as the editor of the journal of our speciality would assure reasonable familiarity with what is known in cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, as I have read through the various chapters of this book in a comprehensive manner, I have experienced afresh the thrill of discovering new knowledge, of setting straight some confusing and annoying misunderstandings regarding certain principles and of filling in various lingering gaps in my knowledge.... Furthermore,
Abstract 12315: Morphologic and Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Strong Lipophilic or Mild Hydrophilic Statin on Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Thoracic Aorta: Assessment by Integrated Backscatter Transesophageal Echocardiography and PET/CT in a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Takatomo Watanabe, Masanori Kawasaki, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Takeshi Hirose, Maki Saeki, Noriyuki Onishi, Maki Nagaya, Noriaki Sato, Hiroto Yagasaki, Hirotaka Miwa, Fumitaka Tokoro, Rieko Matsuoka, Shintaro Abe, Yoshiaki Goto, Takashi Kato, Masashi Kawade, Shingo Minatoguchi, Shunichiro Warita, Tai Kojima, Makoto Iwama, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: There are few studies that examined both the morphologic and anti-inflammatory effects of strong lipophilic and mild hydrophilic statins on atherosclerotic plaques. We sought to compare...
Role of tissue repair in toxicologic interactions among hepatotoxic organics.
Authors: M G Soni, H M Mehendale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

It is widely recognized that exposure to combinations or mixtures of chemicals may result in highly exaggerated toxicity even though individual chemicals might not be toxic at low doses. Chemical mixtures may also cause additive or less than additive toxicity. From the perspective of public health, highly exaggerated toxicity is of significant concern. Assessment of risk from exposure to chemical mixtures requires knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Previous studies from this laboratory have shown that nontoxic doses of chlordecone (10 ppm, 15 days) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (100 microliters/kg) interact at the biologic interface, resulting in potentiated liver injury and 67-fold amplification of CCl4 lethality. In contrast, although interaction between phenobarbital and CCl4 leads to even higher injury, animal survival is unaffected because of highly stimulated compensatory tissue repair. A wide variety of additional experimental evidence confirms the central role of stimulated tissue repair as a decisive determinant of the final outcome of liver injury inflicted by hepatotoxicants. These findings led us to propose a two-stage model of toxicity. In this model, tissue injury is inflicted in stage one by the well-described mechanisms of toxicity, whereas in stage two the ultimate toxic outcome is determined by whether timely and sufficient tissue repair response accompanies this injury. In an attempt to validate this model, dose-response relationships for injury and tissue repair as opposing responses have been developed for model hepatotoxicants. Results of these studies suggest that tissue repair increases in a dose-dependent manner, restraining injury up to a threshold dose, whereupon it is inhibited, allowing an unrestrained progression of injury. These findings indicate that tissue repair is a quantifiable response to toxic injury and that inclusion of this response in risk assessment may help in fine-tuning prediction of toxicity outcomes.
Cognitive Function in Type 1 Diabetic Adults With Early Exposure to Severe Hypoglycemia
Authors: Bjørn O. Åsvold, Trond Sand, Knut Hestad, Marit R. Bjørgaas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We assessed adulthood cognition in relation to early exposure to severe hypoglycemia (SH).Sixteen years subsequent to a study of cognitive function in 28 diabetic children and 28 matched control subjects, we reexamined the same subjects with a 96% participation rate. Diabetic subjects were classified as with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) early (<or=10 years of age) SH, which was defined as convulsions or loss of consciousness.Overall, cognitive scores were 0.9 SDs lower in subjects with early SH compared with subjects without early SH (P = 0.003). The two diabetic groups particularly differed with respect to problem solving, verbal function, and psychomotor efficiency. Earlier age at first incident of SH was associated with poorer cognition (P for trend = 0.001).The findings suggest that early exposure to SH may have lasting and clinically relevant effects on cognition.
Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Mary Jean Moore, James M. Wilson, Anne B. Young, William N. Kelley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A DEFICIENCY in the enzyme hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is associated with two clinical syndromes. Enzyme activity is virtually absent in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.1 This disease is characterized by overproduction of uric acid and a Central-nervous-system disorder that consists of mental retardation, spasticity, choreoathetosis, and a compulsive form of self-mutilation.2 HPRT activity is partially deficient in the second syndrome, which is characterized by overproduction of uric acid and a severe form of gout.3 Patients with this disease do not suffer from the neurologic abnormalities that are found in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The enzyme deficiency in both disorders is X-linked.Since its . . .
Metrics for Assessing Improvements in Primary Health Care
Authors: Kurt C. Stange, Rebecca S. Etz, Heidi Gullett, Sarah A. Sweeney, William L. Miller, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Benjamin F. Crabtree, Paul A. Nutting, Russell E. Glasgow
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2014)

Metrics focus attention on what is important. Balanced metrics of primary health care inform purpose and aspiration as well as performance. Purpose in primary health care is about improving the health of people and populations in their community contexts. It is informed by metrics that include long-term, meaning- and relationship-focused perspectives. Aspirational uses of metrics inspire evolving insights and iterative improvement, using a collaborative, developmental perspective. Performance metrics assess the complex interactions among primary care tenets of accessibility, a whole-person focus, integration and coordination of care, and ongoing relationships with individuals, families, and communities; primary health care principles of inclusion and equity, a focus on people's needs, multilevel integration of health, collaborative policy dialogue, and stakeholder participation; basic and goal-directed health care, prioritization, development, and multilevel health outcomes. Environments that support reflection, development, and collaborative action are necessary for metrics to advance health and minimize unintended consequences.
Ethics committees and countries in transition: a figleaf for structural violence?
Authors: Richard E Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (2005)

draws attention to the need for developing bioethics education on all levels in the countries in transition; efforts to improve the level of knowledge have been made in Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia. 3 6 Another trait is a strong paternalistic tendency, especially among older healthcare staff who have a more traditional view on the doctor-patient relationship and medical ethics. 6This is reflected in the work of ethics committees, which are often made up of older doctors, as in the Croatian case-probably because the experience of older doctors is equated with their competence in medical ethics.Here we find a traditional approach to medical ethics: older, more experienced doctors are thought to be competent enough to converse about ethical issues just because they have considerable experience to draw their knowledge from. ConclusionsThe work of ethics committees in Croatia can be viewed as one of satisfying norms and requirements within a healthcare system.However, healthcare systems are also about people and relationships, and when that is ignored it can create a lot of strain on both providers and users, creating unresolved issues and tensions as well as ethical problems.Healthcare organisations should be based on webs of relationships and interactions between people, promoting ethical values, trying to foster patients' best interests, and having responsibilities.We thank Darko Hren for help with statistical analysis and the National Bioethics Committee for Medicine of the Government of the Republic of Croatia for permission to use its data and help with sending out the questionnaires.
Effect of Ramosetron on Stool Consistency in Male Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea
Authors: Shin Fukudo, Motoko Ida, Hiraku Akiho, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Kei Matsueda
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Ramosetron, a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)-3 receptor antagonist with high selectivity, reduced stress-induced diarrhea and defecation caused by corticotropin-releasing hormone in rats. However, there have been no clinical trials of its effect in patients with diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether ramosetron reduces diarrhea in these patients.Our study included 296 male outpatients with IBS-D treated at 52 centers in Japan. Patients were given 5 μg oral ramosetron (n = 147) or placebo (n = 149) once daily for 12 weeks after a 1-week baseline period. The primary end point was increased stool consistency in the first month. Secondary end points included relief of overall IBS symptoms and increased IBS-related quality of life.More patients given ramosetron (74, 50.3%) than those given placebo (29, 19.6%) reported improved stool consistency in the first month (P < .001). The relative risk and number needed to treat were 2.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.79-3.70) and 3.25 (95% confidence interval, 2.44-4.89), respectively. The ramosetron group had significantly higher monthly rates of relief of overall IBS symptoms and IBS-related quality of life than the placebo group.Ramosetron (5 μg oral, once daily for 12 weeks) improved stool consistency in male patients with IBS-D, compared with placebo. These study results, along with the pharmacologic profile of ramosetron, indicate that increased stool consistency is the best end point for studies of ramosetron in patients with IBS-D. Clinicaltrials.gov No, NCT01225237.