tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracellular free zinc during cardiac excitation–contraction cycle: calcium and redox dependencies
Authors: Erkan Tuncay, Ayca Bilginoglu, Nazli N. Sozmen, Esma N. Zeydanli, Mehmet Ugur, Guy Vassort, Belma Turan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Zinc exists in biological systems as bound and histochemically reactive free Zn2+. It is an essential structural constituent of many proteins, including enzymes from cellular signalling pathways, in which it functions as a signalling molecule. In cardiomyocytes at rest, Zn2+ concentration is in the nanomolar range. Very little is known about precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of Zn2+ and its variations during cardiac function. Live-cell detection of intracellular Zn2+ has become feasible through the recent development of Zn2+-sensitive and –selective fluorophores able to distinguish Zn2+ from Ca2+. Here, in freshly isolated rat cardiomyocytes, we investigated the rapid changes in Zn2+ homeostasis using the Zn2+-specific fluorescent dye, FluoZin-3, in comparison to Ca2+-dependent fluo-3 fluorescence. Zn2+ sparks and Zn2+ transients, in quiescent and electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes, respectively, were visualized in a similar manner to known rapid Ca2+ changes. Both Zn2+ sparks and Zn2+ transients required Ca2+ entry. Inhibiting the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release or increasing the Ca2+ load in a low-Na+ solution suppressed or increased Zn2+ movements, respectively. Mitochondrial inhibitors slightly reduced both Zn2+ sparks and Zn2+ transients. Oxidation by H2O2 facilitated and acidic pH inhibited the Ca2+-dependent Zn2+ release. It is proposed that Zn2+ release during the cardiac cycle results mostly from intracellular free Ca2+ increase, triggering production of reactive oxygen species that induce changes in metal-binding properties of metallothioneins and other redox-active proteins, aside from ionic exchange on these proteins.
Recurrent Post-Infarctional Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Authors: Erwin Kammerling, George N. Lewis, Lee Ehrlich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE shoulder-hand syndrome may be defined as a combination of painful shoulder disability with homolateral pain and swelling of the hand. This entity has recently been described in detail by Steinbrocker and his associates1 in an extensive report and review of the literature. The causes include: peripheral lesions such as trauma and suppuration of the extremity (Sudeck's atrophy, causalgia and so forth), vascular disease (thrombophlebitis, periarteritis nodosa), cervical osteoarthritis and post-infarctional heart disease; lesions of the spinal cord and ganglions such as herpes zoster; cerebral lesions (hemorrhage, thrombosis) and a large number classified as idiopathic.The syndrome has been divided . . .
The influence of the dietary intake of fatty acids and antioxidants on hay fever in adults
Authors: G. Nagel, A. Nieters, N. Becker, J. Linseisen
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: The objective of the investigation was to explore in a prospective study the associations between dietary intake of fatty acids, antioxidants and hay fever manifestation in adulthood. Methods: Three hundred and thirty‐four hay fever cases with adult onset of clinical symptoms from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)‐Heidelberg cohort were identified during follow‐up and matched with 1336 controls. Dietary intake data were obtained by means of validated food frequency questionnaires. The influence of dietary fatty acid and vitamin intake on hay fever risk was estimated by means of unconditional logistic regression. Results: High intake of oleic acid was positively associated with hay fever [odds ratio (OR): 2.86, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.22–6.70], whereas high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid was inversely related to hay fever (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22–0.93). Furthermore, high β ‐carotene intake increased the risk of hay fever (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09–2.63) while increasing intake of vitamin E was a protective factor (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17–0.85). In grouped analyses, the effects of β ‐carotene and vitamin E were mainly observed among women and ex‐/current‐smokers; in these subgroups, linoleic acid increased the risk of hay fever. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present results provide further evidence that dietary factors might affect the risk of clinical manifestation of hay fever. However, the effects in smokers and women may suggest different biological mechanisms for the investigated nutrients, which need further research.
Milestones in Leukemia Research and Therapy
Authors: Jacob D. Bitran
Journal: JAMA (1992)

We are children of our age, but children who can never know their mother. —Lillian Smith The history of medicine is rarely taught in medical schools. Whereas didactic lecture series in pathology, microbiology, and physiology cover the significant contributions of Virchow, Pasteur, or Harvey, the more recent history of medicine is infrequently reviewed. We teach our students facts based on current medical knowledge; however, we rarely take the time to review the body of work that preceded and led to the current fund of knowledge. Admittedly, many of us do not know this history. Drs Freireich and Lemak wanted to chronicle the history of leukemia and cover the events over the last 50 years that led to the advances in diagnosis and treatment that most of us take for granted. They have written an excellent and fun-to-read chronicle of the milestones in pathogenetic understanding and therapy of leukemia. Ten chapters
Altered thyroidal responsivity to thyrotropin induced by circulating thyroid hormones. A "short-loop" regulatory mechanism?
Authors: S Yu, Y Friedman, R Richman, G Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

We studied the effect of thyroid hormone administration on responsivity of murine thyroid to exogenous thyrotropin (TSH) in order to explore the possibility that the thyroid gland might be directly inhibited by its own hormones. In the rat both L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) pretreatment inhibited TSH-induced thyroidal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in vivo in a dose-related manner (half-maximal inhibition, 1.7 mug/rat and 0.6 mug/rat, respectively). Other structurally related compounds exhibited the following inhibitory potencies compared to T4: T3, 283%; triiodothyroacetic acid, 40%; D-T4, 18%; 3,5-L-diiodothyronine, 9%. Monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, and iodide were not inhibitory. The full inhibitory effect of T4 or T3 was observed when thyroid hormone was administered from 96 to 12 h before TSH and was also seen in hypophysectomized animals. Pretreatment with T4 or T3 in divided doses over 2 1/2 days inhibited TSH-induced increase in [1-14C]glucose oxidation to 14C02 and [3H] leucine incorporation into protein in rat thyroid. In the mouse T4 or T3 pretreatment (0.25-25 mug daily) caused dose-related inhibition of both thyroidal ODC activity and 131I release induced by TSH in vivo. In mice on a low-iodine diet (LID) but not in animals on a regular diet (RD) NaI pretreatment also blunted TSH-induced thyroidal ODC activation and 131I release. When LID or RD mice were pretreated with 12.5-125 mug of T4 or T3 over 2 1/2 days, TSH-induced in vitro stimulation of thyroid cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate formation was inhibited in a dose-related manner; NaI pretreatment was inhibitory in the LID mouse only. Prior administration of exogenous TSH blunted the activation of thyroid ODC and thyroid hormone release induced by subsequent TSH administration in rat and mouse. These studies indicate altered thyroid responsivity to TSH under the influence of circulating thyroid hormones and suggest the existence of a "short-loop" negative feedback regulating thyroid function.
Antithrombin III progressive function: A biochemical analysis
Authors: Edward D. Gomperts, Parvin Izadi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Antithrombin III (AT III) was isolated by two procedures using polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG) precipitation as the first stage. The PEG supernatant (PEG-sup) was applied to a heparin-affinity chromatographic system and AT III-heparin cofactor (AT III-HCF) was isolated. The PEG precipitate (PEG-ppt) was separated by a Sephacryl S-200 column. Fractions were collected and those demonstrating maximum AT III antigen and progressive thrombin inhibition were pooled and reapplied to the washed Sephacryl S-200 column. Fractions were again collected and assayed via specific antisera for AT III, alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AG), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2 M), and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 AT). AT III antigen (AT III AGN) and progressive function were confined primarily to one peak containing virtually no alpha 2 M, a low level of alpha 1 AT, and moderate quantities of alpha 1 AG. The PEG-sup, PEG-ppt, AT III-HCF, and the fraction obtained after two passes across Sephacryl S-200 (S#2) were similar in that they showed reactivity with specific AT III antisera and demonstrated heparin cofactor activity. They differed, however, in that the PEG-sup and AT III-HCF demonstrated considerably reduced progressive antithrombin function assessed over 30 min. This function was present in the PEG-ppt and S#2 fractions and this progressive activity was potentiated by EDTA. AT III two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2-DIE) in the presence of heparin of both the Sephacryl and heparin-affinity purified components were very different, with the Sephacryl-purified AT III AGN showing both a fast peak and a very prominent slow-moving hump. The AT III heparin affinity fraction showed primarily a fast component. Dilution of the S#2 and PEG-ppt fractions resulted in considerable loss of the progressive activity and also the slow-moving component on 2-DIE. On the basis of these observations, it is postulated that AT III purified by PEG precipitation is in an aggregated form and that aggregate formation and dissolution is associated with AT III progressive activity.
Aphorisms from Latham
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Peter Mere Latham, born in 1789, was appointed physician to the Middlesex Hospital at the age of 26 and elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians three years later. He joined St Bartholomew’s in 1827 and became physician extraordinary to Queen Victoria in 1837. His writings, published between 1828 and 1846, have long ranked as medical classics and are now patiently waiting to be made available on the internet. They were favourites with William Bean, former editor of the Archives of Internal Medicine , who admired their wisdom and stately elegant style and who in …
Newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China (I): abnormal genetic patterns in 1346 childhood and adult cases and their comparison with the reports from Western countries
Authors: B Chen, Y-Y Wang, Y Shen, W-N Zhang, H-Y He, Y-M Zhu, H-M Chen, C-H Gu, X Fan, J-M Chen, Q Cao, G Yang, C-L Jiang, X-Q Weng, X-X Zhang, S-M Xiong, Z-X Shen, H Jiang, L-J Gu, Z Chen, J-Q Mi, S-J Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
A carbamate insecticide: a case study of aldicarb.
Authors: R L Baron
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Aldicarb, the active ingredient in the insecticide TEMIK, was introduced to the agricultural community over 25 years ago. It has been registered worldwide to control a wide variety of insect, mite, and nematode pests in agriculture. The toxicological research database supporting the registration and use of aldicarb was generated over more than 25 years and contains more than 280 animal studies on 12 species of animals, 2 clinical human trials, and over 20 human monitoring studies. This database, which includes biochemical aspects (metabolism and mode-of-action studies), acute toxicity and special short-term toxicity studies, long-term toxicity studies, and epidemiological observations in humans, serves as the starting point for the evaluation of the risks associated with the acceptance of levels of aldicarb residues in food and drinking water and for the more direct occupational exposure. This article highlights the available toxicological data and reviews worldwide regulation of aldicarb. Included in these discussions is a brief description of the toxicological end point upon which regulatory decisions have been based, namely acetylcholinesterase depression. Aldicarb, the N-methylcarbamic acid ester of 2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde oxime, was the first of a limited group of insecticidal oxime N-methylcarbamates that have properties distinct from N-methylcarbamates which have a phenolic constituent, instead of the oxime moiety. Aldicarb is highly water-soluble (approximately 6000 ppm), nonvolatile, relatively stable under acidic conditions, and is easily degraded under alkaline conditions. These properties are important determinants of its systemic action in plants and of its problematic environmental behavior. Possible environmental hazards involving the chemical include groundwater contamination and (more recently) excessive terminal residues in certain foods.
MicroRNAs activate natural killer cells through Toll-like receptor signaling
Authors: Shun He, Jianhong Chu, Lai-Chu Wu, Hsiaoyin Mao, Yong Peng, Christopher A. Alvarez-Breckenridge, Tiffany Hughes, Min Wei, Jianying Zhang, Shunzong Yuan, Sumeet Sandhu, Sumithira Vasu, Don M. Benson, Craig C. Hofmeister, Xiaoming He, Kalpana Ghoshal, Steven M. Devine, Michael A. Caligiuri, Jianhua Yu
Journal: Blood (2013)
Quality assurance and credentialing in endoscopy: why drown us in paperwork and regulations?
Authors: B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

OMED, the World Organization of Digestive Endoscopy, is the latest body to present proposed guidelines for endoscopy [1]. Guidelines have also been published by the European Board of Gastroenterology, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), and the UK Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG).
Conference on tobacco and health
Authors: D J Walder
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - When the International Tobacco Growers' Association approached the organisers of the all-Africa conference on tobacco and health for an opportunity to participate, it was seeking to ensure that several dimensions to the debate on tobacco that are often overlooked were incorporated into the conference's deliberations. I was disappointed, therefore, to read that the organisers' objective in programming such discussion seems to have been merely political and that “a start had been made to easing a …
Starvation Promotes REV1 SUMOylation and p53-Dependent Sensitization of Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hong Seok Shim, Min Wei, Sebastian Brandhorst, Valter D. Longo
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Short-term starvation or fasting can augment cancer treatment efficacy and can be effective in delaying cancer progression in the absence of chemotherapy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we describe the role of REV1, a specialized DNA polymerase involved in DNA repair, as an important signaling node linking nutrient sensing and metabolic control to cell fate. We show that REV1 is a novel binding partner of the tumor suppressor p53 and regulates its activity. Under starvation, REV1 is modified by SUMO2/3, resulting in the relief of REV1's inhibition of p53 and enhancing p53's effects on proapoptotic gene expression and apoptosis in breast cancer and melanoma cells. Thus, fasting in part through its effect on REV1 is a promising nontoxic strategy to increase p53-dependent cell death and to enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies.
Blue Papules in a Patient With Neurologic Symptoms—Quiz Case
Authors: Connie M. Wang, Kiran Motaparthi, Sarah J. Grekin, Sylvia Hsu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Accord on Drug Testing, Sanctions Sought Before 1992 Olympics in Europe
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1988)

INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT on drug testing and sanctions must be achieved before there will be any significant impact on the use of performanceenhancing drugs by athletes. This is the message that sports medicine is taking into the next Olympiad as the world looks toward the 1992 Games in France and Spain. The lesson, of course, emerges from the Olympic competition in South Korea. It is not a new lesson; drug use by athletes has been a part of sports competitions for more than three decades. Meanwhile, in response to the disqualification of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson for drug use, Canada began a judicial inquiry of the Johnson affair on Nov 15. A Canadian federal judge will hear the evidence—a procedure expected to last into January—and these proceedings have legal standing. <h3>Antidrug Charter Approved</h3> The week before Johnson was disqualified, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved an international charter aimed at controlling
John Bryan Eagles
Authors: J. B. Hobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Holmfirth, near Huddersfield (b Melton Mowbray 1925; q Manchester 1949), d 28 November 2002.

After graduation Bryan worked at Manchester Royal Infirmary. Following his national service he worked in the obstetric department at Huddersfield Royal Infirmary before joining a general practice in Holmfirth. He retired in 1985. Bryan was the secretary of Huddersfield Medical Society for many years, becoming the president in 1972-3. In 1946 he was admitted as a local preacher to the Methodist Church. He wrote for stage productions for a local grammar school and was involved with Huddersfield Local History Society. He leaves a wife, Betty, and two children.
Errors in administration of intravenous drugs
Authors: M C B O'Hare, A M Bradley, T Gallagher, M D Shields
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDrrOR,-I agree with Vidya Rao that schools should be encouraged to tackle bullying.'In my clinical experience, however, parents have not necessarily already taken the matter up with the school.Many parents have not even known that their child was being bullied, and those who have approached the school have often had the response, "We don't have bullying in this school."Schools can do much to reduce bullying.In Norway a national campaign was mounted after three children committed suicide as a result of bullying.A number of measures at the school, class, and individual levels were used.The frequency of bully-victim problems decreased by half during the following two years.2Rates of truancy and antisocial behaviours in general also dropped, and pupils' satisfaction with school life improved.In Britain the Department of Education's Sheffield bullying project evaluated a similar intervention programme.The results of this were published last year,' together with clear practical advice for teachers.4This research provided the basis for the Department for Education's guidelines.'In my editorial I hoped to raise doctors' aware- ness of bullying, its effects on the child, and what can be done in the hope that together doctors, parents, and schools can prevent the continued abuse ofvictims ofbullying in schools.6
Tissue PO2 in the intestinal muscle layer of rats during chronic diabetes.
Authors: H G Bohlen
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Chronic diabetes mellitus induced in rats by streptozotocin or of genetic origin in Db/Db mice is associated with a loss of capillaries, arteriolar constriction, and a decrease in resting and maximum blood flow. As a result of these vascular changes, as well as glycolysation of hemoglobin, it is possible that tissue Po2 is reduced at rest and cannot be substantially increased during dilatation. Tissue Po2 in the intestinal muscle layer was measured at rest and during maximal dilation. In addition, the spacing between capillaries with active flow and the velocity of red blood cell flow in capillaries were measured at rest and at maximum dilation. These measurements were made in normal and diabetic rats (streptozotocin) at age 26-30 weeks; the diabetic animals had been hyperglycemic (greater than 350 mg/100 ml) for 12-15 weeks. Tissue Po2 at a distance of about 15 microns from the arterial, mid-point, and venous end of capillaries in normal rats was 24.8 +/- 1.1 (SE), 23.1 +/- 1.2, and 22.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, respectively, compared with 25.8 +/- 0.9, 24.1 +/- 1.2, and 22.4 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, respectively, in diabetic rats. The maximum mid-capillary tissue Po2 during dilation was 27.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in normal rats and 29.7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in diabetic rats. The average distance between capillaries was 37.6 +/- 2.0 microns in normal rats and 46.8 +/- 2.9 microns in diabetic animals; vasodilation did not change the capillary spacing in either group of animals. Capillary red cell velocity in normal rats increased from 0.98 +/- 0.11 mm/sec at rest to 2.1 +/- 0.4 mm/sec during dilatation. For comparable conditions in diabetic rats, the velocities were 0.41 +/- 0.07 and 1.06 +/- 0.19 mm/sec. The data presented indicate that the diabetic animals have tissue Po2 equivalent to those in normal rats, both at rest and during maximum vasodilation. The loss of capillaries and decreased resting and maximum capillary red cell velocity in diabetic rats would decrease the delivery of oxygen, but, apparently, a decrease in oxygen consumption occurred that allowed the intestinal tissue to have a normal Po2.
Urinary Tract Infections in Older Women
Authors: Lona Mody, Manisha Juthani-Mehta
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, especially in older women Your urinary tract is made up of the bladder, the urethra, the ureters, and the kidneys.Urine is made by the kidneys.It then passes through the ureters to the bladder.It is stored in the bladder before leaving your body through the urethra.
Mechanism based treatments for anaemia in advanced cancer
Authors: K. Neoh, C. Zanker, M. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Murphy and colleagues highlight the need to transfuse blood safely and appropriately using a more restrictive approach—transfusing at a lower haemoglobin threshold and using only one unit at a time.1 This approach is associated with less morbidity and mortality, with similar efficacy. However, the decision whether or …
Genetic variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene are associated with early mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Julia Brenmoehl, Hans Herfarth, Thomas Glück, Franz Audebert, Stefan Barlage, Gerd Schmitz, Dieter Froehlich, Stefan Schreiber, Jochen Hampe, Jürgen Schölmerich, Ernst Holler, Gerhard Rogler
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)