tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5436: The role of reactive oxygen species in (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in oral cancer cells
Authors: Ling Tao, Sarah C. Forester, Joshua D. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Recently, it has been reported to have cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive effects. However, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We found that EGCG induced both extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SCC-25 and SCC-9 human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Extracellular ROS was produced rapidly in the DMEM/F12 (1:1) cell culture medium, but was also quenched very rapidly (t1/2 = 1.7 h). By contrast, the level of intracellular ROS increased more slowly and was increasing even after EGCG could no longer be detected in either the cytosol or the cell culture medium. We observed that EGCG treatment decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential suggesting that EGCG induced dysfunction of electron transport chain in the mitochondria of treated cells. This may explain the continuous ROS production in the cells even after EGCG levels have dropped to below the limit of detection. EGCG treatment for 72 hr reduced cell viability significantly (IC50=127 µM in SCC-25 cells and IC50=83 µM in SCC-9 cells). Effects on cell viability were modulated by inclusion of N-acetylcysteine, a thiol-antioxidant, indicating a role for EGCG-induced ROS in the reduction of cell viability. EGCG treatment also arrested cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase of cell cycle, and induced apoptosis (increased TUNEL positivity and annexin V staining). Based on the present studies, it appears that EGCG-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in its anti-oral cancer effects in cell culture. Ongoing studies in our laboratory are focused on the mechanism by which EGCG induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and the relevance of this mechanism to oral cancer prevention in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5436. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5436
Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment
Authors: Marc B. Garnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and TreatmentMarc B. Garnick, MDMarc B. Garnick, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Hahn is correct about the substantial controversy relating to the advisability and effectiveness of prostate cancer screening programs. Some patients may benefit from screening by early detection and treatment, whereas others should be left untreated.My comment regarding efforts at earlier diagnosis of prostate cancer was not intended to imply that all cancers require treatment. Rather, potential curative therapy must be considered in high-risk patients in whom local or metastatic extension is likely.Several end points are helpful in evaluating benefits from earlier intervention of localized prostate cancer. Regardless of overall survival benefit, preventing the complications of ...References1. Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLeod DG, Spaulding JT, Benson R, Dorr FA, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321:419-24. Google Scholar2. Beland G, Elhilali M, Fradet Y, Laroche B, Ramsay EW, Trachtenberg J, et al. A controlled trial of castration with and without nilutamide in metastatic prostatic carcinoma. Cancer. 1990; 66(5 Suppl): 1074-9. Google Scholar3. Iversen P, Christensen MG, Friis E, Hornbl P, Hvidt V, Iversen HG, et al. A phase III trial of zoladex and flutamide versus orchiectomy in the treatment of patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer. 1990; 66(5 Suppl):1058-66. Google Scholar4. Lunglmayr G. A multicenter trial comparing the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog zoladex, with zoladex plus flutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 1990; 18(Suppl 3): 28-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1054-1055KeywordsAndrogensCancer screeningCancer treatmentLuteinizing hormone releasing hormoneOrchiectomyPeritoneal dialysisProstate cancerQuality of lifeRadical prostatectomySigns and symptoms Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
False-Positive Meckel??s Imaging and True-Positive Imaging of a Gastrointestinal Bleed and Surgical Lesion
Authors: MICHEAL E. SPIETH, JOHN S. SEDER, RAOUF E. YUJA, ROBYN L. KIMURA, EDWARD V. SCHROEDER, JANET H. SILVESTRI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 76-year-old woman presented after 1 day of melena and anemia. A Meckel's scan revealed an upper mid abdominal focus of activity that paralleled stomach activity. Later, the surgeon removed the corresponding lesion in the mid ilium. Pathology confirmed that the lesion was a carclnoid tumor, not ectopic gastric mucosa. The false-positive Meckel's scan had revealed the true source of gastrointestinal bleeding and an unsuspected solitary carcinoid tumor. This is the third published case of a carcinoid tumor discovered by a falsepositive Meckel's scan.
A numbers game: understanding normal standards.
Authors: P L Willan, K M Bagnall, D W Kellett
Journal: BMJ (1978)

sort of figure that surgical results must be balanced.While late surgery in a younger person must take account of the risks of rebleeding in the very long term,3 this is obviously not so in the elderly, whose mean expectation of life is in any case limited.It is not valid to compare the treatment of an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with that of a fractured hip, an intestinal obstruction, or a dissecting aneurysm in an old person.Patients with the latter conditions will die if left untreated.Most patients with a ruptured aneurysm who survive the first haemorrhage and the next few weeks will recover to resume a normal life without any surgical treatment.
Persistently Perplexing Purpuras: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Elaine Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 November 1994Persistently Perplexing Purpuras: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Immune Thrombocytopenic PurpuraElaine Schattner, MD and Martee Olenich, MDElaine Schattner, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Martee Olenich, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the letter by Drs. Stein and Flexner, who have observed and reported cases similar to ours [1]. As emphasized by Dr. Stricker, the association of ITP and TTP may not be rare and may instead be underdiagnosed.In response to Dr. Zucker-Franklin, we stand by our diagnosis. The classic pentad for TTP is present in only few cases. Of the patients reviewed by Ridolfi and Bell [2], 74% had only microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurologic symptoms [3]. Our patient had personality changes (which were admittedly difficult to distinguish from postpartum depression) and was receiving steroids, ...References1. Stein RS, Flexner JM. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during remission of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. South Med J. 1984; 77:1599-601. Google Scholar2. Ridolfi RL, Bell WR. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of 25 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1981; 60:413-28. Google Scholar3. Kwaan HC. Clinicopathologic features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Semin Hematol. 1987; 24:71-81. Google Scholar4. Zucker-Franklin D, Karpatkin S. Red-cell and platelet fragmentation in idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 1977; 297:517-23. Google Scholar5. Evans RS, Takahashi K, Duane RT, Payne R, Liu CK. Primary thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired hemolytic anemia: evidence for a common etiology. Arch Intern Med. 1951; 87:48-65. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1994Volume 121, Issue 9Page: 720-721KeywordsFeversHemolytic anemiaHypertensionIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuraImmune responseLactate dehydrogenasePlateletsProteinuriaSteroidsThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary care trusts need local flexibility to deliver on public health
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Primary care trusts must be given the flexibility and funding to develop local priorities if they are to deliver on public health in the United Kingdom, an all parliamentary group inquiry has found.

Primary care trusts, of which there are currently 302, came into effect on 1 April to oversee the strategic development of local health services. Taking over some of the functions of local health authorities, they will eventually control 75% of NHS budgets, and are seen as pivotal to the UK government's agenda …
A Clinical Lecture On the Detection of Early Tubercle in the Lungs: Delivered at St. George's Hospital
Authors: I. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1904)

IN the year I90I, the last for which the Registrar-General's returns are available, there died in England and 316,997 persons over the age of 20, of whom 35,526, or in every nine, were stated to owe their death to"phthisis
Hepatic metabolism of colloidal gold-low-density lipoprotein complexes in the rat: Evidence for bulk excretion of lysosomal contents into bile
Authors: Guy Renaud, Robert L. Hamilton, Richard J. Havel
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Rats were treated with 17α-ethinyl estradiol to induce high levels of low-density lipoprotein receptors in hepatocytes. When these rats were given intravenous injections of low-density lipoprotein-colloidal gold complexes, most of the gold (labeled with 195 Au) appeared to be taken up by Kupffer cells, as were complexes of colloidal gold with albumin or polyvinylpyrrolidone. However, when these rats were also administered gadolinium chloride, which blocks Kupffer cell activity, most of the low-density lipoprotein-gold (but not gold complexed with albumin or polyvinylpyrrolidone) was taken up into hepatocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis and concentrated in peribiliary lysosomes, as determined by electron microscopy. Colloidal gold taken up as a complex with low-density lipoprotein was excreted into the feces via the common bile duct at a maximal rate of about 5% daily, 4 to 12 days after injection. Thereafter, the rate of gold excretion fell off until reaching a plateau after 3 weeks. At this late time, most of the colloidal gold was shown by electron microscopy to be in Kupffer cells, whereas earlier (6 days after injection) it was contained mainly in older hepatocytic lysosomes, identified by lipofuscin granules. It is concluded that, in rats, hepatocytic lysosomes empty most of their contents into bile every week or two, apparently by exocytosis.
Coronary Disease-Reply
Authors: Harold Thomas Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to comment on Dr. Arthur Master's article on "The Role of Effort and Occupation (Including Physicians) in Coronary Occlusion," inThe Journal, Oct. 22, 1960. I gather from the text of the article that the word "effort" is used interchangeably with "exertion." It does not seem to embrace the concept that mental or emotional strain may impose a burden on the circulatory apparatus that is comparable to that imposed by manual labor. I suspect from the defensive tone of the article that the author is seeking to prove a point. There appears little of the judicial attitude of an investigator striving to throw light on a difficult problem that admits of many conflicting viewpoints. Is it possible that Dr. Master's statement to the effect that "neither occupation, effort nor rest play a role in this form of heart attack (i.e., acute coronary occlusion)," bears
DOES LATE CATCH-UP REALLY MATTER AFTER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IMPLANTATION?
Authors: Masaki Kodaira, Akio Kawamura, Satoshi Mogi, Masashi Takahashi, Yohei Numasawa, Ayaka Endo, Yohei Ohno, Takahide Arai, Shinsuke Yuasa, Akira Furuta, Yuichiro Maekawa, Keichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ON GOING BERSERK: A NEUROCHEMICAL INQUIRY
Authors: HOWARD D. FABING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

The ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms by Siberian tribes of the Kamchatka peninsula and by Indians of the Mexican highlands has been carried out in ritual and orgy for centuries. Ødman and Schübeler have advanced the hypothesis that the furious rage of the Berserks in the heyday of Viking culture a thousand years ago was brought about by the same agency, specifically the Amanita muscaria mushroom. A few years ago it was found that these fungi contain bufotenine, or n-n-dimethyl serotonin, a substance which is under scrutiny at this time for its possible neurochemical role in the causation of schizophrenia. Recent observations on the intravenous injection of bufotenine in man disclose that it is an hallucinogen, and that its psychophysiological effects bear a resemblance to the Berserksgang of the Norsemen in the time of the Sagas. These observations appear to offer support to the Ødman-Schübeler contention that the famed fury of the Berserks was what we would call a model psychosis today.
Abstract 3141: Hyperglycemia modulates the Wnt /b-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer
Authors: Sergio Vaira, R. Ellen Friday, Keith Scott, Steven Conrad, Glenn Mills, Francesco Turturro
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hyperglycemia represents one of the early events in the development of diabetes type 2. Susceptibility to this disease has been linked to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also controls breast cancer progression. We had previously analyzed the effects of hyperglycemia on gene expression profile (GEP) by Affimetrix analysis in breast cancer derived MDA-MB-231 cells (Turturro F. et al., BMC Cancer 2007, 7:96). Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway had emerged as one of the most prominent signaling pathway regulated by increased glucose in culture media (5 mM versus 20 mM). The aim of the present study was to validate the GEP data by assessing the mRNA levels of both GSK-3b and Wnt1 by RT-PCR in response to hyperglycemia as previously described. We analyzed the levels of RT-PCR products of the target genes relative to the control mRNA of β-actin in MDA-MB-231 cells, cultured in the same conditions as previously illustrated (Turturro F. et al., BMC Cancer 2007, 7:96). The values were expressed as densitometric readings. Relative levels of GSK-3b mRNA raised from 0.14 + 0.053 for 5 mM glucose to 0.308 + 0.0476 for 5/20 shift (p&amp;lt; 0.05 at 5 vs. 5/20 mM) and to 0.432 + 0.0321 for 20 mM (p&amp;lt; 0.05 at 5 vs. 20 mM) resulting in an overall 3 fold increase. We also examined the effect of hyperglycemia on gene expression of Wnt-1 which inhibits the expression and activity of GSK-3b. The relative levels of mRNA of Wnt-1 assessed by RT-PCR, were decreased from 0.163 + 0.0322 for 5 mM glucose to 0.068 + 0.001 for 20 mM glucose, with an overall 2.7 fold reduction (p&amp;lt;.05 at 5 vs. 20 mM). These data confirmed the GEP results in terms of relationship between hyperglycemia and gene expression of the Wnt signaling pathway in this particular breast cancer cell line. Our study supports further investigation in the area of diabetes and breast cancer invasiveness and progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3141.
Early Prediction of Clinical Responses to Anticancer Drugs.
Authors: Thomas C. Hall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Early Prediction of Clinical Responses to Anticancer Drugs.Thomas C. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P., D. Roberts, D. KessellThomas C. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, D. RobertsSearch for more papers by this author, D. KessellSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1064_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEffective antileukemic agents are available for most forms of adult leukemia. Response frequency is low and time to remission, long. Progression of disease to death occurs in many patients before sequential therapeutic trials in search of an effective agent can be completed. Drug transport into cells, metabolism to active or inactive forms, the presence of target enzymes, and net effects on nucleic acid synthesis in the malignant cell may all be involved in the induction of a clinical remission. Isotopic micromethods have been developed in this laboratory for the measurement of the target enzymes for methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (FU),... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1064-1064KeywordsCell metabolismCellsDrug metabolismDrug synthesisDrugsEnzymesMethotrexateNucleic acidsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Can we have safer cigarettes?
Authors: F Ledwith, M Rimpela
Journal: BMJ (1985)

our data is that the three groups were alike from the start.(3) We believe that Dr Taylor overrates the importance of a few data points, say the eight points around -6 50o in the medium group.Were four out of these points instead scattered from -7 to -9O, then no one would think of bimodality.In fact we cannot determine from the present study whether this population is bimodal.A large number of values are neces- sary to disprove a Gaussian distribution.Rather arbitrarily we divided "fast" from "slow" losers in early menopause at -3°% per year.With the three groups thus divided a X2 test showed no difference between the groups.(4) We compared the 14 women with an increased bone mineral content with other women, and our point was that the "positive difference" was not related to calcium intake.Furthermore, when we compared these 14 women with the 14 with the greatest losses we found that the latter weighed more and had higher concentrations of oestrogens.This is described elsewhere and may show how "fast" losers can be picked up by biochemical means.Again, however, this does not seem to be con- nected to calcium intake.We know of one way, and one only, of preventing postmenopausal bone loss, and that is hormone replacement therapy.
REACTIONS IN SKIN AND IN INTERNAL ORGANS OF RABBITS SENSITIZED WITH STREPTOCOCCUS OR WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ANTIBODIES
Authors: Paul F. deGara, D. Murray Angevine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. Homologous vaccine was injected into abdominal organs of rabbits after different intervals following sensitization by a single or by repeated intracutaneous injections of heat-killed pneumococci Type I or of formalin-killed hemolytic streptococci (Strain AB(13)). 2. Local inflammation with or without necrosis was observed in the liver and in the spleen of most of the rabbits. Injections into the kidney and into the anterior wall of the stomach usually caused hemorrhagic lesions at the site of injections, frequently accompanied by slight or moderate inflammation and seldom by necrosis. 3. No correlation was found between the skin and the organ reactions of the animals sensitized with killed streptococci or with killed pneumococci. There was also no correlation between skin or organ reactions and antibody titre of serum. 4. Allergic reactions occur in those organs, namely, liver and spleen, in which antibodies are demonstrable in a high titre, and they are usually absent in kidney and stomach wall in which the antibody titre is low or negative. It is probable that the reactions are caused by the union of antigen and its specific antibody in the tissue.
Price of Sulphonamides
Authors: H. L. W. Sixsmith
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Retinal glial cells— microglia, astrocytes, and Müller glia—provide homeostatic support, regulate vascular blood flow, and react to injury by releasing inflammatory cytokines. Glial reactivity has been shown to be relevant for retinal vascular pathology and neuronal death. Non-apoptotic expression of endothelial caspase-9 (EC Casp9) was recently identified as a key mediator of retinal edema, hypoxic-ischemic injury, and neurodegeneration in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In the current study we aimed to determine the glial responses that are modulated by EC Casp9 as a means to identify relevant neuro-immune mechanisms for the development of retinal edema and neurodegeneration. To this end we used a mouse model of RVO and a tamoxifen inducible EC Casp9 KO mouse line. We show that EC Casp9 leads to an increase in reactive microglia and to macrogliosis in a time-dependent manner. RVO induced an EC Casp9 dependent astroglial caspase-6 and cleavage of GFAP. Cytokine array analysis revealed that RVO increases expression of inflammatory cytokines out of which CX3CL1, IGF-1, IL-4, LIX, IL-1α, M-CSF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and VEGF-A, were regulated by EC Casp9. Moreover, we found that EC Casp9 deletion resulted in protection from contrast sensitivity decline one day post-RVO. These results demonstrate that caspase-9 in hypoxic endothelial cells regulates retinal inflammatory signaling in microglia, astrocytes and Müller cells and changes in visual function.