tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toll-like Receptor 2 Is Essential for the Sensing of Oxidants during Inflammation
Authors: Mark J. Paul-Clark, Shaun K. McMaster, Rosalinda Sorrentino, Shiranee Sriskandan, Lucy K. Bailey, Laura Moreno, Bernhard Ryffel, Valerie F. Quesniaux, Jane A. Mitchell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: The mechanisms by which oxidants are sensed by cells and cause inflammation are not well understood.Objectives: This study aimed to determine how cells "sense" soluble oxidants and how this is translated into an inflammatory reaction.Methods: Monocytes, macrophages, or HEK293 cells (stably transfected with human Toll-like receptor [TLR]2, TLR2/1, TLR2/6, or TLR4/MD2-CD14) were used. CXC ligand-8 (CXCL8) levels were measured using ELISA. Phosphorylated IL-1 receptor–associated kinase 1 levels were measured using Western blot. TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice were challenged with oxidants, and inflammation was measured by monitoring cell infiltration and KC levels.Measurements and Main Results: Oxidants evoked the release of CXCL8 from monocytes/macrophages; this was abrogated by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine or binding antibodies to TLR2 and was associated with the rapid phosphorylation of IL-1 receptor–associated kinase 1. Oxidants added to HEK293 cells transfected with TLR2, TLR1/2, or TLR2/6 but not TLR4/MD2-CD14 or control HEK nulls resulted in the release of CXCL8. Oxidant challenge delivered intraperitoneally (2–24 hours) or by inhalation to the lungs (3 days) resulted in a robust inflammation in wild-type mice. TLR2−/− mice did not respond to oxidant challenge in either model. TLR4−/− mice responded as wild-type mice to oxidants at 2 hours but as TLR2−/− mice at later time points.Conclusions: Oxidant–TLR2 interactions provide a signal that initiates the inflammatory response.
Implementing A Research Agenda for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Jonathan D. Berman, Stephen E. Straus
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2004)

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of diverse clinical interventions that are practiced because of their popularity rather than the prior demonstration of safety and efficacy required for conventional agents. CAM therapies can be grouped into five categories: biologically based therapies, manipulative and body-based interventions, mind-body interventions, "energy" therapies, and alternative medical systems. The present evidence that individual CAM interventions are efficacious is largely anecdotal, but hundreds of small trials have yielded positive results. For a few modalities, existing data are either very encouraging or else sufficient to conclude that they are ineffective. CAM interventions are presumed to be safe, yet they may not be, particularly in the case of botanical agents with inherent toxicities, significant drug interactions, or potent adulterants. The public health questions regarding CAM can only be addressed through a research agenda that defines which interventions have favorable therapeutic indices. Implementation of this agenda involves adequate characterization and standardization of the product or practice, with rigorous investigation to demonstrate its safety, mechanism of action, and efficacy.
Quiescent leukaemic cells account for minimal residual disease in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: C Lutz, P S Woll, G Hall, A Castor, H Dreau, G Cazzaniga, J Zuna, C Jensen, S A Clark, A Biondi, C Mitchell, H Ferry, A Schuh, V Buckle, S-E W Jacobsen, T Enver
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Impaired release of vitamin a from liver in primary biliary cirrhosis†
Authors: Anders Nyberg, Berit Berne, Hans Nordlinder, Christer Busch, Ulf Eriksson, Lars Lööf, Anders Vahlquist
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

In 44 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis serum levels of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and transthyretin (prealbumin) were found to be significantly lower than in 25 sex- and age-matched controls. Liver biopsies were available for chemical analyses in 28 of the patients. Their mean liver vitamin A concentration (2.8 +/- 2.0 mumoles per gm wet weight) did not differ significantly from that in 22 cases of sudden death which served as controls (2.0 +/- 1.5 mumoles per gm wet weight). Immunohistochemical investigation showed a normal distribution of serum retinol-binding protein in the patients' livers, whereas the staining pattern of cellular retinol-binding protein, believed to be involved in the intrahepatic transport of vitamin A, was abnormal. Thus, the number size and cellular retinol-binding protein staining intensity of fat-storing (Ito) cells were clearly higher in the patients as compared with controls. The results suggest that the low serum vitamin A levels in primary biliary cirrhosis are not a consequence of vitamin A deficiency but instead reflect a defective mobilization of vitamin A from the liver.
Fever from caffeine
Authors: P. Daroca, J. Rodriguez, M. Reaño, G. Canto, P. Miranda
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Since childhood, a 53‐year‐old women had developed chills, high‐grade fever, myalgia, and cephalea after the ingestion of coffee, tea, cola beverages, and some oral “antiflu” compounds. Skin prick tests performed with all the implicated substances were negative. Single‐blind oral challenges with both caffeine and theophylline were positive, reproducing exactly the same clinical symptoms and fever. Oral challenge with pentoxifylline was negative. We report a case of caffeine‐induced fever in which we have demonstrated cross‐reactivity with theophylline, but not with pentoxifylline.
THE CORRODING PROCESS OF THE OVUM IN ITS IMPLANTATION IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBE, A SOURCE OF HEMORRHAGE IN TUBAL PREGNANCY.
Authors: J. RIDDLE GOFFE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The surgical history of ectopic pregnancy is dotted with puzzling cases in which undoubted symptoms of the condition were present, and in which on operation a greater or less quantity of blood was discovered in the pelvis, and yet careful microscopic examination of the tissues removed failed to show any trace of the products of conception. In many of these cases careful examination has failed to disclose the source of hemorrhage. Some recent studies in biology bearing on the implantation of the ovum in the uterine mucosa have revealed a process which when transplanted, as in tubal pregnancy, sheds a flood of light on many of these obscure cases. The established teaching has been that the impregnated ovum when it reaches the uterine mucosa nestles among its follicles, which at once take on a hypertrophic development, reach out on all sides and envelop it in their arms. Later developments bring
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Preterm Uterine Contractions
Authors: Fabio Facchinetti, Fedra Ottolini, Marta Fazzio, Marco Rigatelli, Annibale Volpe
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

The aim of our study was to evaluate how sociodemographic factors, psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy and well-being levels are associated with the onset of preterm uterine contractions allowing symptomatic preterm labor.In a prospective case-control design, 51 consecutive women admitted for threatened preterm labor were enrolled. The patients received standard care. The day before discharge, once contractions had been stopped, the patients were administered 2 questionnaires: the Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire of Lederman and the Psychological Well-Being Scales. Controls were enrolled among asymptomatic, healthy women attending routine prenatal care. They were matched for parity and gestational age.Gestational age at inclusion ranged from 25 to 34 weeks. Fourteen cases and 4 controls delivered preterm. Cases were less educated than controls, showed a lower acceptance of pregnancy and worse relationship with others, namely with the husband, compared to controls. They also displayed a reduced environmental mastery.Having a low education, poor relationship with others, including the husband, and impaired coping skills appeared to be independent risk factors for the development of symptomatic preterm labor in urbanized women.
CLIN-SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT/QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: E. J. Habets, M. J. Taphoorn, S. Nederend, M. Klein, D. Delgadillo, K. Hoang-Xuan, A. Bottomley, A. Allgeier, T. Seute, A. M. Gijtenbeek, J. De Gans, R. H. Enting, C. C. Tijssen, M. J. Van den Bent, J. C. Reijneveld, H. Xu, K. Halbert, R. Bliss, J. Trusheim, M. A. Hunt, A. Bunevicius, S. Tamasauskas, A. Tamasauskas, V. Deltuva, K. M. Field, N. Guyatt, M. Fleet, M. A. Rosenthal, K. J. Drummond, K. M. Field, M. Fleet, N. Guyatt, K. J. Drummond, M. A. Rosenthal, H. Oliver, M. Tobias, V. Eva, S. Matthias, S. Johannes, S. Oliver, T. J. Christian, K. Dietmar, S. Gabriele, R. Thomas, G. Nikkhah, S. Uwe, L. Markus, W. Michael, W. Manfred, R. E. Strowd, K. Swett, M. Harmon, A. Pop-Vicas, M. Chan, S. B. Tatter, T. L. Ellis, M. Blevins, K. High, G. J. Lesser, A. Benouaich-Amiel, L. Taillandier, L. Vercueil, L. Valton, W. Szurhaj, A. Idbaih, J.-Y. Delattre, H. Loiseau, I. Klein, V. Block, C. Ramirez, F. Laigle-Donadey, E. Le Rhun, C. Harrison, A. Van Horn, C. Sapienza, C. Schlimper, H. Schlag, F. Weber, A. A. Acquaye, M. R. Gilbert, T. S. Armstrong, A. A. Acquaye, E. Vera-Bolanos, M. R. Gilbert, T. S. Armstrong, T. Walbert, T. S. Armstrong, V.-B. Elizabeth, M. Gilbert, M. L. Affronti, S. Woodring, K. Allen, J. E. Herndon, F. McSherry, K. B. Peters, H. S. Friedman, A. Desjardins, W. Freeman, S. Cheshire, C. Cone, K. H. Kalinowski, J.-Y. Kim, H. H. Lay, V. Poillucci, C. Southerland, J. Tetterton, J. Kirkpatrick, J. J. Vredenburgh, M. L. Affronti, S. Woodring, J. E. Herndon, F. McSherry, K. B. Peters, H. S. Friedman, A. Desjardins, W. Freeman, S. Cheshire, C. Cone, K. H. Kalinowski, J.-Y. Kim, H. H. Lay, V. Poillucci, C. Southerland, J. Tetterton, J. J. Vredenburgh, K. Edelstein, L. Coate, W. P. Mason, N. C. Jewitt, C. Massey, G. M. Devins, L. Lin, H.-H. Chiang, A. A. Acquaye, E. Vera-Bolanos, J. E. Cahill, M. R. Gilbert, T. S. Armstrong, C. M. Amidei, M. Lovely, M. D. Page, K. Mogensen, J. Arzbaecher, K. Lupica, M. E. Maher, L. Lin, A. A. Acquaye, E. Vera-Bolanos, J. E. Cahill, M. R. Gilbert, T. S. Armstrong, H. T. Duong, D. F. Kelly, K. B. Peters, S. Woodring, J. E. Herndon, F. McSherry, J. J. Vredenburgh, A. Desjardins, H. S. Friedman, I. Gning, T. S. Armstrong, J. S. Wefel, A. A. Acquaye, E. Vera-Bolanos, T. R. Mendoza, M. R. Gilbert, C. S. Cleeland, B. Guthikonda, J. D. Thakur, A. Banerjee, C. Shorter, A. Sonig, I. S. Khan, G. L. Gardner, A. Nanda, K. Reddy, L. Gaspar, B. Kavanagh, A. Waziri, C. Chen, F. Boele, W. Hoeben, K. Hilverda, J. Lenting, A.-L. Calis, E. Sizoo, E. Collette, J. Heimans, T. Postma, M. Taphoorn, J. Reijneveld, M. Klein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)
<i>ASXL1</i> mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental in <i>CSF3R</i>‐mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: Michelle A. Elliott, Animesh Pardanani, Curtis A. Hanson, Terra L. Lasho, Christy M. Finke, Alem A. Belachew, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2015)

Colony stimulating factor 3 receptor gene (CSF3R) mutations have recently been associated with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). Fourteen patients with CSF3R-mutated CNL (median age 67 years; 57% males) were screened for additional mutations; 8 (57%) and 5 (38%) harbored an ASXL1 and/or SETBP1 mutation (two patients expressed both), respectively. Two patients developed blastic transformation, both SETBP1-mutated and ASXL1-unmutated, whereas two other cases evolved into chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), both ASXL1-mutated and SETBP1-unmutated. Median survival was 23.2 months (10 deaths documented). On multivariable analysis mutated ASXL1 (P = 0.009; HR 19.6, 95% CI 2.1-184.1) and thrombocytopenia (P = 0.005; HR 28.8, 95% CI 2.8-298.2) were independently predictive of shortened survival. This study provides information on the natural history of CSF3R-mutated CNL and identifies mutant ASXL1 and thrombocytopenia as risk factors for survival. The study also suggests pathogenetic roles for SETBP1 and ASXL1 mutations in disease evolution into blast phase disease and CMML, respectively.
Remission of hypertension. The 'natural' history of blood pressure treatment in the Framingham Study
Authors: A. L. Dannenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Recent studies suggesting that adequate blood pressure control may be maintained without medication in some persons with mild hypertension have been limited by short follow-up and/or small sample size. The Framingham Heart Study provides an opportunity for long-term observation of antihypertensive medication use by a group of hypertensive subjects. While 801 (70%) of the 1138 cohort members taking such medication at two consecutive biennial examinations continued to receive medication until death or the end of observation, 242 subjects (21%) had blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg and 95 subjects (8%) were normotensive at the first examination while not receiving medication. The 95 normotensive subjects had lower pretreatment blood pressure and a greater proportion with controlled blood pressure at 4, 8, and 12 years after first medication use than those in the first two groups. Eleven of these 95 subjects maintained good blood pressure control while not receiving medication for at least four years, including one subject who continued not to receive medication for 12 years. While virtually all hypertensive subjects eventually relapse, a small group may experience a period of remission of hypertension while not receiving medication. As further studies permit more specific identification of individuals who will do well while not receiving medication, guidelines for medical care of hypertensive persons will need to be updated. (<i>JAMA</i>1987,257:1477-1483)
An Explanation of the Two Forms of Bilirubin Demonstrated by the Van Den Bergh Reaction
Authors: G. A. Collinson, F. S. Fowweather
Journal: BMJ (1926)

VAN tEN BERGH REACTION. TBarn priods of sleeplessness, and of impairment of memory.In April, 925, he developed a tremor and stiffness of the fingers of the left hand, which seriously interfered with his playing.He under- went a fortnight's course of nicotine treatment, the dose beinig gradually increased from 1130 grain to 1/10 grain thrice daily.further increase to 1/5 grain thrice daily was tried but had to be stopped because it caused vomiting.The patient was dis- charged much improved; although the mask-like expression was still present the movements of the limbs were much freer and the gait steadier.The patient thought that he would be able to play the 'cello again, and, when seen a month later, stated that he had resumed his work and that he was feeling much better.A youth, aged 17, had an acute attack of encephalitis lethargica in April, 1924 with diplopia, squint, headache, and deliriumi followed by letiargy.He recovered completely and felt quite well until February, 1R, when all the movemenits commeniced to be Flow and required a great effort on the patient's part.When I saw him in May, 1925, he was an obvious case of Parkinsoniism, with the typical fadies, rigidity of the limbs, and marked retro- pulsioni; he would commence to sway backwards, and in order-not to fall would start walking backwards, and continue to do so until arrested by a wall or by falling.He ulnderwent nicotine treat- ment for three weeks, with increasing doses up to 1110 grain thrice daily.At the end of this course of treatment he had greatly
Direct observation of the gene organization of the complement C4 and 21-hydroxylase loci by pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Authors: I Dunham, C A Sargent, R L Dawkins, R D Campbell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and enzymes that cut genomic DNA infrequently have been used to define large RFLPs at the human C4 loci. With the enzymes BssH II or Sac II, and C4 or 21-hydroxylase DNA probes, it has been possible to observe directly the number of C4 genes present on a haplotype, and also whether the C4 genes are long (6-7-kb intron present) or short (6-7-kb intron absent). Haplotypes that have either two long C4 genes or one long and one short C4 gene generate BssH II fragments of approximately 115 or approximately 105 kb, respectively. Haplotypes that have either a single long or a single short C4 gene generate BssH II fragments of approximately 80 or approximately 70 kb, respectively. This technique has been used to analyze the DNA isolated from PBMC and allows the complete definition of the C4 gene organization of an individual without the need for family studies.
The Na+/Ca2+ exchange blocker SEA0400 fails to enhance cytosolic Ca2+ transient and contractility in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes
Authors: P. Birinyi, A. Toth, I. Jona, K. Acsai, J. Almassy, N. Nagy, J. Prorok, I. Gherasim, Z. Papp, Z. Hertelendi, N. Szentandrassy, T. Banyasz, F. Fulop, J. Gy. Papp, A. Varro, P. P. Nanasi, J. Magyar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) inhibitor SEA0400 on Ca2+ handling in isolated canine ventricular myocytes. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transients, induced by either field stimulation or caffeine flush, were monitored using Ca2+ indicator dyes. [Ca2+]i-dependent modulation of the inhibitory effect of SEA0400 on NCX was characterized by the changes in Ni2+-sensitive current in voltage-clamped myocytes. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and uptake were studied in SR membrane vesicles. Gating properties of single-ryanodine receptors were analysed in lipid bilayers. Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile machinery was evaluated in chemically skinned myocytes. In myocytes paced at 1 Hz, neither diastolic [Ca2+]i nor the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transients was significantly altered by SEA0400 up to the concentration of 1 µM, which was shown to inhibit the exchange current. The blocking effect of SEA0400 on NCX decreased with increasing [Ca2+]i, and it was more pronounced in reverse than in forward mode operation at every [Ca2+]i examined. The rate of decay of the caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transients was decreased significantly by 1 µM SEA0400; however, this effect was only a fraction of that observed with 10 mM NiCl2. Neither SR Ca2+ release and uptake nor cell shortening and Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins were influenced by SEA0400. The lack of any major SEA0400-induced shift in Ca2+ transients or contractility of myocytes can well be explained by its limited inhibitory effect on NCX (further attenuated by elevated [Ca2+]i levels) and a concomitant reduction in Ca2+ influx due to the predominantly reverse mode blockade of NCX and suppression of L-type Ca2+ current.
Validation of a β-agonist long-term asthma control scale derived from computerized pharmacy data
Authors: Michael Schatz, Robert S. Zeiger, William M. Vollmer, David Mosen, Andrea J. Apter, Thomas B. Stibolt, Albin Leong, Michael S. Johnson, Guillermo Mendoza, E. Francis Cook
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Fetal Thrombocytopenia and Its Relation to Maternal Thrombocytopenia
Authors: R F Burrows, J G Kelton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Neonates with severe thrombocytopenia can have bleeding leading to death or lifelong residual defects. The predictors, frequency, and consequences of fetal thrombocytopenia are not known, nor is it known if there are maternal clinical features that could predict fetal thrombocytopenia.
Exercise Training for Claudication
Authors: Kerry J. Stewart, William R. Hiatt, Judith G. Regensteiner, Alan T. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Claudication, a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and accompanying peripheral vascular disease, is characterized by pain induced by walking in one or both legs; it primarily affects the calves. Claudication usually does not abate with continued walking and is relieved only by rest. Since the effects of approved medication are usually limited, exercise programs have been developed to treat this painful condition. This review discusses the rationale for an exercise program for the patient with claudication, with a focus on pathophysiology and the effect of training.
Drugs in the Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: William K. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Beers et al<sup>1</sup>is probably correct, but I would like to point out an often neglected reason for the use of oversedating medications. Individual state Medicaid formularies usually contain the least-expensive medications in their drug classification, not those medications most efficacious for the frail elderly. Unfortunately for our frail elderly, most of the least-expensive medications cause the most sedation and have the longest half-lives. We can hope that articles like the one by Beers et al will lead to better state Medicaid formularies, so the elderly can get the best and most efficacious treatments, not just the least expensive, and physicians in geriatric and long-term care in the future will have input into state Medicaid formularies.
TUBERCLE BACILLI IN THE STOMACH CONTENT
Authors: Ferdinand Piéchaud
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The importance of the demonstration of tubercle bacilli in the stomach contents of children was pointed out by some students of the Sea View Hospital and the City of New York Department of Health inThe Journal, May 28, 1932, page 1879. To search for tubercle bacilli in the sediment of the stomach is an easy and accurate way of detecting, in the absence of any expectoration, the presence of active tuberculous processes in children and even in adults. In fact, it has been used as a routine examination since 1930 in our service at Bordeaux, France, and nearly 300 patients have had the benefit of the procedure. In only a few cases the inoculation of guinea-pigs has been considered necessary, trustworthy results being obtained through our technic by direct microscopic examination. Therefore the method is being used on a more and more extensive scale and is
COMPARATIVE SYSTOLIC BLOOD-PRESSURE READINGS IN THE ARM AND LEG IN AORTIC INCOMPETENCE
Authors: O. K. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1921)

THDIRUTNK-734 r X-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ED and C02 output of anormal individnal living a normal life vary together.This, we suggest, is due to the influence of food, and that if this be excluded the CO0 cost per hour of this constant worlk remains the samite at any period.3Benedict and Catlhcart's well-known experiments on a trained bicyclist in the post-absorptic conditiou, slhow clearly that severe constant work requires the saime amount of C02 exhalation per second at the end of tllree hours of work as during the first hor.4Using a bicycle ergometer and four-minute samples of expired air, we have obtained similar Tesu-lts (Table II).It is only after taking food (Tables III andIV) that our subjects show a rise of Ca2 exhalation similar to the increase shown in Waller and De Decker's charts.TABLE III.-Showvin,gEffect of Food whilst Resting.(Subject C.P., resting.Ten-minute samples of expired air.)