tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leeches and the lexicographer
Authors: C. Booth
Journal: BMJ (1991)

It is generally considered that the medicine of the eighteenth century was a farrago of whimsical hypotheses and conceited imagination. Physicians sought to conceal their lack of understanding behind a mask of mystery, often conversing with each other in Latin. Old theories of the humoral nature of disease derived from ancient times permeated practice, which was dominated by the lancet and the purge. The quack and the mounte? bank were in their prime, making fortunes often greater than those enjoyed by such scions of the medical profession as Richard Mead and William Heberden. Gentlemen of the time were as interested in
wide reflective equilibrium as an answer to an objection to moral heuristics
Authors: edward stein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

if, as is not implausible, the correct moral theory is indexed to human capacity for moral reasoning, then the thesis that moral heuristics exist faces a serious objection. this objection can be answered by embracing a wide reflective equilibrium account of the origins of our normative principles of morality.
Heart Failure During Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Michael O. Sweeney, Anne S. Hellkamp
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Right ventricular apical (RVA) pacing creates abnormal left ventricular contraction, hypertrophy, and reduced pump function. The adverse effects of ventricular desynchronization may explain the association of RVA pacing with an increased risk of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) in clinical trials. Methods and Results— Baseline and postimplantation variables were used to predict HFH in the Mode Selection Trial, a 2010-patient, 6-year trial of dual-chamber (DDDR) versus ventricular (VVIR) pacing in sinus node dysfunction. A Cox model showed that New York Heart Association (NYHA) class at baseline and follow-up predicted HFH (hazard ratio [HR], 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.74–5.79 for NYHA class III/IV and HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.54–3.04 for NYHA class II versus class I); other predictors were heart failure (HR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.70–3.11), atrioventricular (AV) block (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.97), and myocardial infarction (MI)(HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.00–1.86). Postimplantation predictors were VVIR cumulative percent ventricular pacing (Cum%VP) &gt;80 (HR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.72–7.45), DDDR Cum%VP &gt;40 or VVIR Cum%VP ≤80 (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.94–3.50) versus DDDR Cum%VP ≤40; whether QRS duration (QRSd) was paced or spontaneous (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.39–3.54; spontaneous versus paced); and drugs for atrial fibrillation (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19–2.15). Low baseline ejection fraction (EF) and postimplantation RVA-paced or spontaneous QRSd predicted HFH; the increased risk with QRSd was steeper for normal versus low EF (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11–1.27; versus HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15; for a 10-ms increase); at a QRSd of ≈200 ms, normal- and low-EF patients had equivalent risk. HFH risk nearly doubled when VVIR Cum%VP was ≤80 or DDDR Cum%VP was &gt;40 versus DDDR Cum%VP ≤40 and was additive with other risk factors. Conclusions— Differences in HFH risk can be explained by interactions between substrate (atrial fibrillation, AV conduction, heart failure, MI, EF) and pacing promoters (ventricular desynchronization-paced QRSd and Cum%VP, and AV desynchronization-pacing mode). Management of RVA pacing is important for reducing the risk of HFH, particularly among patients with low EF and heart failure.
Pemphigus Neonatorum Caused by Staphylococcus Aureus Type 71
Authors: W. A. Gillespie, R. C. Pope, K. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Recent work has shown that most of the staphylococci isolated from the lesions of impetigo contagiosa are of a type uncommon in other situations, and are defined by their susceptibility to the typing phage 71 (Spittlehouse, 1955; Parker et al., 1955; Barrow, 1955).In this paper we describe a small epidemic of pem- phigus neonatorum caused by staphylococci of the same phage-pattern.The outbreak took place during the course of a general investigation of staphylococcal cross- infection in the nursery wards of a maternity hospital.During the outbreak, and for four months before it, cultures for staphylococci were made from all cases of neonatal skin sepsis and from various other sources described below.As a result it was possible to trace the staphylococcus subsequently responsible for the pem- phigus from its introduction by a nasal carrier and during its dissemination in the hospital.All the staphylococci referred to in this paper were coagulase-positive.Bacteriological Methods.-Swabs were moistened with saline before use.Settle-plates were exposed for two hours.Cultures from blankets and garments were made by the sweep-plate technique (Williams, quoted by Blowers and Wallace, 1955).Coagulase-positive staphylo- cocci were isolated and investigated as described else- where (Alder et al., 1955), except that the phages 71 and 80 were added to the set of typing phages (Williams and Rippon, 1952), making 21 in all. General Investigation of Staphylococcal Cross-infectionThere was one nursery on each of the three floors of the hospital, that on the first floor being occupied by premature infants.The investigation was carried out on the second and third floors, which on the average contained 25 and 18 cots respectively.The study began on September 18, 1955-that is, 18 weeks before the first case of pemphigus.This study is still being carried on, but only the results obtained in the period up to February 3, 1956, are given in detail, because the outbreak came to an end then.During the 20 weeks, 385 babies were
Functional SNPs in CD244 increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a Japanese population
Authors: Akari Suzuki, Ryo Yamada, Yuta Kochi, Tetsuji Sawada, Yukinori Okada, Koichi Matsuda, Yoichiro Kamatani, Mikako Mori, Kenichi Shimane, Yasuhiko Hirabayashi, Atsushi Takahashi, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Akihiko Miyatake, Michiaki Kubo, Naoyuki Kamatani, Yusuke Nakamura, Kazuhiko Yamamoto
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
A scientific evaluation of the carotid sinus syndrome
Authors: T C B DEHN, C A MORLEY, R SUTTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Assessment of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of pulse interval has been made, by means of neck suction, in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of the carotid sinus syndrome (CSS). Results have been compared with 16 age-matched control patients. The mean gain in the CSS patients was 11.64±2.51 ms·mmHg−1, whereas the mean gain in the control patients was 3.61±0.68 ms·mmHg−1 (p<0.02). There was a significant correlation (p<0.01) between the degree of cardiac slowing, following carotid sinus massage, and the gain, following neck suction, in the CSS patients. Abnormality of the carotid sinus baroreceptor control of heart rate is confirmed in these patients and neck suction is an useful method of investigation of this syndrome.
Medical students perform operations in Syria's depleted health system
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A doctor who recently returned from a trip to Syria has condemned the “destruction of the Syrian health system” and attacks on medical staff.

Zaher Sahloul, president of the Syrian American Medical Society and a doctor in Chicago, told a meeting convened to discuss attacks on health facilities in Syria about the fear under which many doctors work.

“There has been systematic destruction of the healthcare system. The situation is very bad, and doctors caught treating patients from the other side [the opposition] risk their life. Many physicians have been detained, tortured, or killed,” he told the meeting at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, which was webcast to journalists around the world (http://bit.ly/13epyYw).

His most recent visit was to the city of Aleppo, which …
Response to Comment on Steck et al. Early Hyperglycemia Detected by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2031–2033
Authors: Andrea K. Steck, Fran Dong, Iman Taki, Michelle Hoffman, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith, Marian J. Rewers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We thank Brancato and Provenzano (1) for their comments on our article (2). They pointed out their previously published study (3) of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in 31 islet autoantibody–negative children with incidental hyperglycemia, followed for 6–48 months for development of diabetes. Incidental hyperglycemia was defined as fasting or random, blood glucose ≥126 or ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, without symptoms of diabetes and not …
Clonality analysis of alveolar B lymphocytes contributes to the diagnostic strategy in clinical suspicion of pulmonary lymphoma
Authors: Simona Zompi, Louis-Jean Couderc, Jacques Cadranel, Martine Antoine, Bernard Epardeau, Jocelyne Fleury-Feith, Natalia Popa, François Santoli, Jean-Pierre Farcet, Marie-Hélène Delfau-Larue
Journal: Blood (2004)
Epidemiologic studies on possible health effects of intake of pyrolyzates of foods, with reference to mortality among Japanese Seventh-Day Adventists.
Authors: M Kuratsune, M Ikeda, T Hayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

To elucidate the effect of intake of mutagenic and/or carcinogenic pyrolysis products of proteins and amino acids on carcinogenesis in man, we have undertaken two epidemiologic cohort studies: one concerning the possible association of broiled fish consumption with cancer and the other concerning the cancer mortality among Japanese Seventh-Day Adventists. The main findings of these studies are described.
TEMPORAL TRENDS OVER 15 YEARS IN CLINICAL TRIALS OF NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: MORE AGGRESSIVE TREATMENT YIELDS SIMILAR MORTALITY DESPITE HIGHER-RISK PROFILES
Authors: Mark Y. Chan, Jie-Lena Sun, L. Kristin Newby, Harvey D. White, David J. Moliterno, Pierre Theroux, E. Magnus Ohman, Karen S. Pieper, Robert P. Giugliano, Paul W. Armstrong, Robert M. Califf, Frans Van de Werf, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Role of CO Diffusing Capacity during Exercise in the Preoperative Evaluation for Lung Resection
Authors: JENG-SHING WANG, RAJA T. ABBOUD, KENNETH G. EVANS, RICHARD J. FINLEY, BRIAN L. GRAHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We conducted a prospective study to evaluate whether lack of an adequate increase in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dl CO) during exercise is associated with a greater postoperative complication rate after lung resection. We used the three-equation method (3EQ-Dl CO), a modification of the single breath Dl CO technique to determine Dl CO during exercise in 57 patients undergoing lung resection at Vancouver General Hospital from October 1998 to May 1999. 3EQ-Dl CO was determined during steady-state exercise at 35% and 70% of the maximal workload reached in a progressive exercise test. Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙ o 2max), Dl CO at rest, and the increase in Dl CO during exercise were compared in relation to postoperative complications. Patients with complications had lower resting values of Dl CO (R-Dl CO), a smaller increase in Dl CO from rest to 70% of maximal workload expressed as a percent of the predicted Dl CO at rest ([70% − R]-Dl CO%), and a lower V˙ o 2max than did patients without complications. Results suggested that (70% − R)-Dl CO% was the best preoperative predictor of postoperative complications; a cutoff limit of 10% was the best index to identify complications, yielding a complication rate of 100% in patients with (70% − R)-Dl CO% < 10% as compared with a complication rate of 10% in patients with (70% − R)-Dl CO% ⩾ 10% (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). Patients who do not increase their Dl CO sufficiently during exercise ([70% − R]-Dl CO% < 10%) have a greater complication rate after lung resection.
High-Dose Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk of Falls in Older Women
Authors: Jenson C. S. Mak
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accumulation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in myocardial interstitial tissue parallels development of transplantation edema in heart allografts in rats.
Authors: R Hällgren, B Gerdin, A Tengblad, G Tufveson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

By using biotin-labeled proteoglycan core protein, hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid; HA) was visualized in rat heart grafts at different times (2, 4, and 6 d) after transplantation. In normal, nontransplanted hearts HA was present in the adventitia of arteries and veins and in the myocardial interstitial tissue. An increased accumulation of HA was evident in the edematous interstitial tissue, infiltrated with lymphocytes, on day 4 after allogeneic transplantation, and was even more pronounced by day 6. No apparent increase in HA was seen in syngeneic grafts. Biochemical assay of HA in heart tissue demonstrated that the myocardial content of HA had increased 60% by day 2 after transplantation in allogeneic as well as syngeneic grafts, indicating that surgical trauma may induce some HA accumulation in heart grafts. The extractable amount of HA declined during the following days in the syngeneic grafts, but increased progressively during the development of rejection in the allogeneic grafts, and increased on average three times by day 6. The relative water content also increased progressively during rejection of allogeneic grafts and correlated with the HA accumulation. The interstitial accumulation of HA, a glycosaminoglycan with unique water-binding qualities, is presumably implicated in the development of interstitial edema during rejection of heart grafts.
Constraints on Publication Rights in Industry-Initiated Clinical Trials
Authors: Peter C. Gøtzsche, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Helle Krogh Johansen, Mette T. Haahr, Douglas G. Altman, An-Wen Chan
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Coroner of Elsinore
Authors: Lester Adelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE study and exploration of sudden, unexpected and violent deaths constitutes the routine of the modern medicolegal investigative office. Such deaths abound throughout Hamlet. They are summarized by Horatio:So shall you hearOf carnal, bloody and unnatural acts [acts of Claudius involving Gertrude and the Ghost];Of accidental judgements, casual slaughters [deaths of Laertes, Polonius and Ophelia];Of deaths put on by cunning and forced cause [deaths of Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Hamlet]. Hamlet, Act V, Scene 2, Lines 410–413To these should be added the death of Claudius, slain by Hamlet — yet another homicide to increase an . . .
Spatial distribution and prognostic significance of ST segment potential determined by body surface mapping in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction.
Authors: S J Walker, A J Bell, M G Loughhead, P S Lavercombe, D Kilpatrick
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We investigated the mechanism and significance of ST segment changes in inferior infarction by studying 100 patients with acute inferior infarction in whom body surface maps were recorded on admission. The magnitude of the maximum ST segment elevation (denoted Vmax) and magnitude of the maximum ST segment depression (denoted Vmin), as well as the ST depression on the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram were analyzed against morbidity and mortality (at a median follow-up time of 14 months). A value obtained by subtracting Vmax from Vmin correlated (p less than .0002) with outcome. Correlations were also found between Vmin and complications, Vmin and mortality, and between increasing levels of ST depression on the 12-lead electrocardiogram and mortality. The maps were also studied by grouping the 100 ST segment map patterns into five groups by cluster analysis techniques. One group showed marked anterior negativity and had 37% mortality compared with an overall 5% mortality for the remaining groups. The limited arteriographic and autopsy data available indicated that the findings of a diseased artery or arteries corresponded with the results of mapping. The mean map patterns of the five groups showed that, in most patients with inferior infarction, the standard chest leads V1 to V6 are over a region of steep voltage gradient. Small changes in the position of the standard chest lead can cause large changes in the displayed potentials. This study indicates that patients at high risk after acute inferior infarction can be identified by surface mapping on admission to the coronary care unit.
The War Against Disease and Disability
Authors: Mark O. Hatfield
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AS THE chairman of the US Senate Appropriations Committee, I know all too well the difficulties we as a nation face in dividing increasingly strained financial resources among our domestic priorities. We must cut federal spending. We must reduce the deficit. But certain programs will continue to receive federal support and the new Congress has been actively involved in setting priorities. In my view, the decision whether to continue funding an agency or program is based on three factors. First, is the program vital to the wellbeing of Americans and to our national security? Second, is the activity one that the federal government is best suited to conduct, or would a state or local government deliver the service more efficiently? Third, does the program contribute to our nation's future? Few programs fit these criteria better than medical research. Medical research offers a tremendous economic return on every dollar spent, and
Teaching Primary Care Medicine
Authors: John W. Beasley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Verby et al entitled "Learning Forestry Out of the Lumberyard" (1981;246:645) provides valuable comments on the limitations of the traditional tertiary care institution base for medical education as well as the potential that exists in rural communities for excellent medical education. The article could have been further strengthened had Dr Verby and his colleagues chosen to accentuate the importance of having the most skilled clinicians be the teachers in the primary care field as is the case in any other field of medicine. Physicians who specialize in family practice or in primary care internal medicine and who have made this their special field of academic and clinical endeavor are the people who are most qualified to teach. To imply that students can learn only through "exposure" to primary care and through "specialty" visits seriously underrates the teaching skills and energies of family physicians and
The Case for Policy Change
Authors: Linda H. Aiken
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine the magnitude and distribution of US Medicare funding for nursing education and to assess the extent to which Medicare funding contributes to meeting national health care workforce priorities. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Medicare Hospital Cost Report Information System, American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, and National League for Nursing national surveys of schools of nursing. <h3>Data Analysis.</h3> —Using hospital identifiers, data from three data sets were merged and analyzed to estimate percentage distributions of Medicare funding according to types of educational programs, hospital characteristics, and student enrollment. <h3>Results.</h3> —Fifteen percent of direct Medicare graduate medical education funding goes to hospitals for the training of nurses and paramedical personnel. Totaling approximately $174 million in 1991, 71% of these funds went to hospitals for nursing education costs. Most of the nation's teaching hospitals (289 of 381 Council of Teaching Hospitals member hospitals) and nurse education programs (1112 of 1484) do not qualify under existing policies for Medicare nursing education reimbursement. Sixty-six percent of Medicare nurse training funds, totaling $114 million in 1991, went to 145 hospitals operating diploma nursing programs; these programs produce less than 10% of nurse graduates. Three states (Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Ohio) received nearly one half (48%) of the $114 million for diploma nursing education. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Medicare is the largest single source of federal support for nursing education. Yet, the majority of Medicare nursing education funding goes to hospitals affiliated with an increasingly smaller, idiosyncratic subset of nurse training programs. Unlike graduate medical education, Medicare supports primarily preprofessional education in nursing. Graduate education, including the preparation of nurse practitioners, does not generally qualify for reimbursement. Medicare reimbursement for nursing education must be retargeted. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1528-1532)