tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomised comparison between adrenaline injection alone and adrenaline injection plus heat probe treatment for actively bleeding ulcers
Authors: S. S C Chung, J. Y W Lau, J. J Y Sung, A. C W Chan, C W Lai, E. K W Ng, F. K L Chan, M Y Yung, A. K C Li
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare endoscopic adrenaline injection alone and adrenaline injection plus heat probe for the treatment of actively bleeding peptic ulcers. <b>Design:</b> Randomised prospective study of patients admitted with actively bleeding peptic ulcers. <b>Setting:</b> One university hospital. <b>Subjects:</b> 276 patients with actively bleeding ulcers detected by endoscopy within 24 hours of admission: 136 patients were randomised to endoscopic adrenaline injection alone and 140 to adrenaline injection plus heat probe treatment. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Initial endoscopic haemostasis; clinical rebleeding; requirement for operation; requirement for blood transfusion; hospital stay, ulcer healing at four weeks; and mortality in hospital. <b>Results:</b> Initial haemostasis was achieved in 131/134 patients (98%) who received adrenaline injection alone and 135/136 patients (99%) who received additional heat probe treatment (P = 0.33). Outcome as measured by clinical rebleeding (12 <i>v</i> 5), requirement for emergency operation (14 <i>v</i> 8), blood transfusion (2 <i>v</i> 3 units), hospital stay (4 <i>v</i> 4 days), ulcer healing at four weeks (79.1% <i>v</i> 74%), and in hospital mortality (7 <i>v</i> 8) were not significantly different in the two groups. In the subgroup of patients with spurting haemorrhage 8/27 (29.6%; 14.5% to 50.3%) patients from the adrenaline injection alone group and 2/31 (6.5%; 1.1% to 22.9%) patients from the dual treatment group required operative intervention. The relative risk of this was lower in the dual treatment group (0.17; 0.03 to 0.87). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the dual treatment group than the adrenaline injection alone group (4 <i>v</i> 6 days, P = 0.01). <b>Conclusion:</b> The addition of heat probe treatment after endoscopic adrenaline injection confers an advantage in ulcers with spurting haemorrhage. <h3>Key messages</h3> Endoscopic injection of adrenaline alone is effective in stopping bleeding peptic ulcers Further bleeding after adrenaline injection alone, however, occurs in 15-20% of patients, and the addition of heat probe thermocoagulation may improve permanent haemostasis and therefore patient outcome When compared with adrenaline injection alone the dual treatment significantly reduced the requirement for operative intervention and the length of hospital stay in the subgroup of patients with spurting ulcer haemorrhage In the endoscopic treatment of spurting ulcer haemorrhage heat probe thermocoagulation should be added after adrenaline injection
Serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein levels in pulmonary tuberculosis: relationship to amyloidosis.
Authors: F C de Beer, A E Nel, R P Gie, P R Donald, A F Strachan
Journal: Thorax (1984)

C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein levels were measured in 54 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The primary tuberculous complex was associated with an insignificant acute phase response, while post-primary tuberculosis without evidence of lung destruction caused modest increases in C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein. In most patients with post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis with significant pulmonary destruction there was a major acute phase response, with very high serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein levels. The response in these patients is most likely to be due to secondary bacterial infection in addition to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients with miliary tuberculosis showed a major acute phase response. Serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein levels decreased rapidly after initiation of treatment in the patients with post-primary tuberculosis without significant pulmonary destruction.
Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer of the Lung
Authors: Richard H. Overholt, Francis M. Woods
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

EVERY physician who is in active practice shoulders part of the cancer burden. People look to us for advice and help, individually and collectively, if they fall prey to such a terrible disease. Until the time comes when the causes are known and preventive programs or specific cures are developed, progress in treatment must depend on earlier detection and the prompt and skillful use of known weapons, principally excision.Cancer in any location presents a challenge. The ingenuity of both the physician who discovers it and the surgeon who removes it is taxed to the limit, especially if the original . . .
Immunological reaction and Hodgkin's disease.
Authors: V. Grifoni, G. S. Del Giacco, S. Tognella
Journal: BMJ (1969)

of yeast with altered mitochondrial D.N.A. and the respiratory-deficient mutants of bacteria with altered D.N.A. base composition are extremely heat sensitive."It is widely felt at present that cancer re- search requires inspiration and stimulation from biology.Considering the magnitude of the human effort and resources now being used in, the important study of the nature of cancer, it is very important to make careful selection of appropriate biological model sys- tems.Respiratory-deficient mutants of micro- organisms deserve consideration in this re- spect.-Iam, etc.,
Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22): Involvement of cervical lymph nodes and tonsils is common and may be a negative prognostic sign
Authors: R. Billström, T. Ahlgren, A.N. Békássy, C. Malm, T. Olofsson, M. Höglund, F. Mitelman, B. Johansson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13q22) or the variant t(16;16)(p13;q22), is strongly associated with the FAB subtype M4Eo. A high incidence of CNS involvement was reported in the 1980s, but otherwise little is known about the pattern of extamedullary leukemia (EML) manifestations in this AML type. We have compiled clinical and cytogenetic data on 27 consecutive AML cases with inv(16)/t(16;16) from southern Sweden. In general, these AMLs displayed the clinical features that have previously been described as characteristic for this disease entity: low median age, hyperleukocytosis, M4Eo morphology, and a favorable prognosis. However, CNS leukemia was only seen in relapse in one patient diagnosed in 1980, whereas the most common EML manifestation in our series was lymphadenopathy (5/27, 19%), most often cervical with or without gross tonsillar enlargement. A review of previously published, clinically informative cases corroborates that lymphadenopathy, with preference for the cervical region, is the most common EML at diagnosis in inv(16)‐positive AML (58/175, 33%). CNS leukemia, on the other hand, has been reported in only 17% of the cases, mostly in the relapse setting, with a diminishing frequency over time, possibly due to protective effects of high‐dose cytarabine. Other reported EML sites include the scalp, ovaries, and the intestine. Cervicotonsillar EML was in our series associated with a shorter duration of first remission, ( P &lt; 0.05), and may hence prove to be an important clinical parameter when deciding treatment strategies in AML with inv(16)/t(16;16). Am. J. Hematol. 71:15–19, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A RACK FOR STOMACH TUBES
Authors: John L. Kantor
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Every one knows how perishable stomach tubes are under ordinary conditions of usage in hospital and dispensary, if not in private, practice. They are often kept in basins and curled to save space. As a result, the tubes soon tend to assume the shape of the containing vessel, break and have to be discarded. The same condition applies to duodenal and intestinal tubes. The rack here described provides a convenient method for the storage of stomach and duodenal tubes. It consists essentially of one or more rows of dowel-pins projecting down from a board. This board should be at least 5 feet from the ground, so as to allow room for the longest tubes to hang free. The dowels, which are tapered at their free ends, vary in diameter from three-eighth to one-eighth inch, depending on the size of the rubber tubing to be suspended from them, and are about
Acquired Toxic Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Due to Hexachlorobenzene
Authors: C. Cam, G. Nigogosyan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The condition diagnosed as porphyria cutanea tarda in adults began with bullous lesions which progressed to ulceration and generally healed, leaving pigmented scars characterized by the presence of microcysts. In children, the initial lesions resembled comedones and milia. In severe cases the picture was that of "monkey disease." Porphyrinuria appeared early, and the systemic effects were sometimes serious and permanent. More than 600 cases were observed durin a 5-yr period in the southeastern region of Turkey, and the total incidence is estimated to have exceeded 3,000. The outbreak was traced to the consumption of wheat as food, contrary to plan, after it had been prepared for planting by treating it with a fungicide, hexachlorobenzene.
Body Iron Stores and the Risk of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Stefan Kiechl, Johann Willeit, Georg Egger, Werner Poewe, Friedrich Oberhollenzer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Fe2+ released from tissue iron stores may accelerate lipid peroxidation by virtue of its pro-oxidant properties and thus promote early atherogenesis.The present prospective survey addresses the potential association between serum ferritin concentrations and the 5-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by ultrasonographic follow-up evaluations. The study population comprises a random sample of 826 men and women 40 to 79 years old. Serum ferritin was one of the strongest risk predictors of overall progression of atherosclerosis. The main part of this association appeared to act through modification of the atherogenic potential of LDL cholesterol (OR [95% CI] for a 1-SD unit increase in ferritin at LDL levels of 2.5, 3.6, and 4.9 mmol/L: 1.55 [1.30 to 1.85], 1.77 [1.40 to 2.24], and 2.05 [1.50 to 2.80]; P=.0012 for effect modification). Changes in iron stores during the follow-up period modified atherosclerosis risk, in that a lowering was beneficial and further iron accumulation exerted unfavorable effects. All these findings applied equally to incident atherosclerosis and the extension of preexisting atherosclerotic lesions. The significance of prominent iron stores in the development of carotid stenosis was clearly less pronounced. Finally, ferritin and LDL cholesterol showed a synergistic association with incident cardiovascular disease and death (n=59).The present study provided strong epidemiological evidence for a role of iron stores in early atherogenesis and suggests promotion of lipid peroxidation as the main underlying pathomechanism. This hypothesis could in part explain the sex difference in atherosclerotic vascular disease.
Kidney transplantation. Use of intestinal conduits
Authors: K. H. Stenzel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A grossly abnormal lower urinary tract has often been considered a contraindication to transplantation. Our studies indicate, however, that excellent results can be achieved with intestinal conduits when the bladder is irreparably damaged. Nine transplants were done in eight patients with intestinal conduits in our series of 300 consecutive transplants (incidence of 3%). Ages ranged from 8 to 45 years and five patients were 14 years of age. Renal failure was caused by lower urinary tract disease in all-cases. Seven donors were related to patients and two were cadaveric. There were two deaths, both unrelated to the conduit. The remaining six patients continue to do well with excellent kidney function one to five years after transplantation. Recurrent renal infection always signified partial ureteral obstruction, for which three patients required ureteral revision one to two years after transplantation. The conduits did not lead to any other complications. (<i>JAMA</i>229:534-537, 1974)
Factors Associated With Failure to Complete Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Among Navajo Indians
Authors: Jonathan R Sugarman, Mark C Bauer, Elouise L Barber, Janet L Hayes, James W Hughes
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To determine the proportion of patients with suspected proliferative diabetic retinopathy who did not receive the recommended follow-up ophthalmological evaluation and care, and to examine associations between various patient characteristics and the failure to obtain care.The study cohort included all Navajo Indians identified by a retrospective review of records who had proliferative diabetic retinopathy diagnosed at an Indian Health Service Optometry Clinic between 1 October 1985 and 30 September 1988. Follow-up data were obtained by medical record reviews and by interviews with subjects.Of 69 patients identified, 57 of 61 living patients were interviewed. Twenty-three (40.4%) had failed to obtain recommended follow-up. The RR for incomplete treatment among those without a vehicle in the household compared with those with a vehicle was 1.91 (95% CI 1.32-2.76). Other factors associated with incomplete treatment were female sex and marital status other than currently married. Twelve (21%) patients answered "no" to the question, "Have you been told that diabetes was affecting your eyes?" Eight of 38 (21%) who confirmed that they had been told that diabetes was affecting their eyes responded "no" to the question, "Do you think that diabetes is affecting your eyes?" However, the answers to these questions did not distinguish between patients who obtained or did not obtain recommended care.Interventions to increase the proportion of Navajo Indians with diabetic retinopathy who receive appropriate ophthalmologic care must address the issue of transportation.
Effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on uptake and transfer of cell-derived cholesterol in plasma.
Authors: Y Huang, A von Eckardstein, S Wu, G Assmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The reverse cholesterol transport is initiated by the uptake of cholesterol into minor subfractions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) which contain either apolipoprotein (apo) A-I or apoE as their only apolipoproteins. From these initial acceptors, which are termed prebeta1-LpA-I and gamma-LpE, respectively, cell-derived cholesterol is transferred to LDL via the bulk of HDL termed alpha-LpA-I. In this study we analyzed the effect in plasma of the genetically determined apoE polymorphism on the formation of gamma-LpE, uptake and transfer of cell-derived cholesterol to LDL. Gamma-LpE was immunologically detectable in plasmas of individuals carrying at least one apoE3-allele but not in apoE3-free plasmas. During one minute incubation with [3H]cholesterol-labeled fibroblasts, gamma-LpE of plasmas from apoE3/3 subjects accumulated 7 and 13-fold more radioactivity than the respective fractions in plasmas from apoE2/2- and apoE4/4-subjects, respectively. Totally, 30% less [3H]cholesterol was released into plasmas of apoE2/2 and apoE4/4-individuals as compared with plasmas of apoE3/3-subjects. Moreover, plasmas of apoE3/3 individuals accumulated 50% and 65% more cell-derived [3H]cholesterol in alpha-LpA-I2 than plasmas of apoE4/4 and apoE2/2-subjects, respectively. These results indicate that the apoE-polymorphism is an important determinant of the uptake and transfer of cell-derived cholesterol in plasma.
Tar and Nicotine Delivery of Cigarettes
Authors: Lynn T. Kozlowski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

WHEN smokers are asked what the tar and nicotine ratings of their cigarettes mean, they usually answer, "You know, it's what's in the cigarette." Even though much epidemiologic research and many health recommendations<sup>1,2</sup>have become dependent on the published tar and nicotine yields (to say nothing of the dependence of cigarette advertising on these figures), many researchers and health professionals appear to have no better understanding of these ratings than does the average smoker. Cigarettes do not deliver measured doses of tar and nicotine the way a capsule delivers a measured dose of a drug. A cigarette that has only a few small puffs taken on it produces small amounts of tar. Tar and nicotine delivery are highly correlated; for the sake of brevity, only tar yields will be discussed. Tar values were analyzed to the first decimal place but are reported here with no decimal places, as they
Clinical, angiographic, and hemodynamic assessment of late results after Mustard operation.
Authors: D J Hagler, D G Ritter, D D Mair, G D Davis, D C McGoon
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Since 1974, late results of the Mustard procedure for correcting complete transposition of the great arteries have been evaluated by cardiac catheterization, electrocardiography, roentgenography, history, and physical examination of 48 Mayo Clinic patients. Of these, 15 were studied 1 month to 2 years postoperatively because of clinical deterioration. The other 33 had been asymptomatic but were asked to return for hemodynamic reevaluation one-half to 11 years postoperatively. Of the asymptomatic group, 19 underwent exercise electrocardiography prior to catheterization and eight performed supine exercise during catheterization. Cardiac catheterization proved the most effective mode of study. Significant cardiovascular abnormalities (caval obstruction, residual pulmonary stenosis, etc.) were found in 35 of the 47 patients--including 20 of the 33 who were asymptomatic. Eight of the symptomatic group and three of the others have died since this restudy. These poor results warrant renewed effort to devise better methods for correcting complete transposition,
819 IMPROVED PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS AFTER INTRAVENOUS APPLICATION OF PEG-INTERFERON alfa-2a 180 μg IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 NULLRESPONDERS TO PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN. THE IVAN STUDY
Authors: B. Fueloep, M. Biermer, R. Heyne, H. Wedemeyer, M. Cornberg, K. Port, S. Zeuzem, K.-H. Peiffer, S. Koenig, A. Herber, A. Boehlig, J. Wiegand, P. Buggisch, S. Stoll, U. Alshuth, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 3837: PI-3 kinase acts upstream of oncogenic Ras in hematopoietic cells through a cytokine-PLCγ-RasGRP pathway
Authors: Ernesto Diaz-Flores, Hana Goldschmidt, Philippe Depeille, Victor Ng, Jeroen Roose, Kevan Shokat, Benjamin Braun, Kevin Shannon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: KRAS is the most common gain-of-function mutation in human cancer and occur in some myeloid malignancies. Despite extensive data implicating aberrant responsiveness to cytokines in the pathogenesis of myeloid leukemias with hyperactive Ras, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated the biochemical basis of hypersensitivity to granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, and stem cell factor (SCF) in primary cells from Mx1-Cre, KrasG12D mice. Methods: We utilized conventional biochemical techniques, phospho-specific flow cytometry, and small molecule inhibitors to interrogate signaling downstream of the activated GM-CSF and c-Kit receptors. Results: We found that endogenous KrasG12D expression deregulates multiple effectors in primary myeloid lineage cells. Although Ras-GTP levels are markedly elevated in bone marrow cells from KrasG12D mice, these cells only fully activate the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade upon cytokine stimulation. We used a “chemical genetic” strategy to explore the biochemical mechanism linking the activated GM-CSF receptor to oncogenic K-RasG12D and ERK. Surprisingly, inhibitors of type I PI3 kinases (PI-90, PI-103) as well as a p110 γ/α isoform inhibitor (AS605240) interfered with GM-CSF and SCF induced Ras/MAPK activation in wild-type and KrasG12D myeloid cells. These effects of PI3 kinase are mediated through activation of PLC-γ and the RasGRP guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Functional studies confirmed that inhibiting PI3 kinase or PLC-γ blocked KrasG12D-mediated myeloid progenitor colony growth. This PI3 kinase/PLC-γ module also functions downstream of the activated c-kit receptor in lineage- cKit+ Sca1+ (LSK) cells in SCF-induced ERK activation. Conclusions: PI3 kinase, PLC-γ, and RasGRPs function upstream of normal and oncogenic K-Ras to efficiently activate the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade in primary hematopoietic cells. These data infer that PI3 kinase is both an important upstream regulator as well as a major downstream effector of Ras-GTP. Significance: Targeting PI3 kinase in hematologic cancers characterized by hyperactive Ras may have unanticipated biochemical and functional consequences in malignant and normal hematopoietic cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3837.
Landmark perspective: Bertram W. Sippy and ulcer disease therapy
Authors: G. M. Zucker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This issue ofThe Journalreprints Bertram W. Sippy's article on "Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer: Medical Cure by an Efficient Removal of Gastric Juice Corrosion." That such commemoration is appropriate can be appreciated only when Sippy's role in the history of peptic ulcer disease is recognized. From our present perspective, it is hard to imagine the confusion and conflict surrounding the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of ulcers that existed at the end of the 19th century. Both in America and Europe, differing theories existed as to the nature of the illness and its treatment. Sippy's report was the culmination of years of observation and clinical practice, and by virtue of the force of his personality, his perseverance, and the correctness of his therapy, his name is remembered to this day. <h3>Brief History of Ulcer Disease</h3> The historical beginnings of the understanding of ulcer of the stomach and duodenum are obscured
The α1-Acid Glycoprotein Variants of Normal Caucasian and Japanese Individuals*
Authors: K. Schmid, K. Tokita, H. Yoshizaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Recent investigations of the polymorphism of a1-acid glycoprotein demonstrated that this blood globulin may resolve on starch gel electrophoresis in five, six, seven, or eight bands depending on the individual from whom the glycoprotein was de- rived (1).However, it was noted earlier that pooled a,-acid glycoprotein from which the sialic acid had been split off enzymatically exhibited only two main bands (2).This simple pattern sug- gested the presence of a1-acid glycoprotein vari- ants in individual blood and, thus, the possibility of elucidating the genetic transmission of and the chemical differences between the variants of this plasma protein.In this paper the starch gel electrophoretic analysis of sialic acid-free a1-acid glycoprotein preparations derived from blood of normal Cau- casian and Japanese individuals is presented. MethodsNinety-seven apparently healthy white adults and nine- teen pairs of Caucasian twins from the Boston area do- nated blood for this study.Ten of these pairs of twins were shown to be nonidentical as judged by thirteen blood groups.The probability that the "identical" twins were fraternal was calculated to be 0.01.Sixty-four sera from apparently healthy Japanese whose ages ranged from 20 to 40 years were collected in the Sendai and Tokyo areas of Japan.Neuraminidase (Vibrio cholerae) was obtained com-