tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin on platelet activity
Authors: Angelo Tirelli, Salvatore Guastafierro, Silvana Annunziata, Roberto Guariglia, Ludovico Coppola
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract In the present study, β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin were tested for their antiplatelet activity in human platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy subjects. The results of the study show that these two endogenous opioids (200 pg/ml final concentration) reduce platelet aggregation when it is induced by ADP at low dose (0.5 μM). It is likely due to conformational changes on the platelet membrane that cause a non‐specific decreased susceptibility to platelet‐aggregating agonists. Am. J. Hematol. 68:1–3, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
US teen pregnancies, births, and abortions hit historical lows
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Pregnancies, births, and abortions among US teenagers aged 15 to 19 have fallen to historical lows, according to a report by the Guttmacher Institute, which studies reproductive issues. Teenagers were more likely to engage in sex but less likely to become pregnant.1

The report covers rates of pregnancies, births, and abortions from 1972 until 2010 among US teenage women.

In 2010, the Guttmacher report says the pregnancy rate among teens aged 15 to 19 in the US was 57.4 per 1000 women, less than half its peak of 116.9 in 1990. In 2010, about 625 000 women younger than 20 became pregnant. Most pregnancies were in teenagers aged 18 to 19, a group that during the study period …
955-59 Harmonic Contrast Echocardiography: A New Method for Detecting Myocardial Opacification After Intravenous Injection of Contrast
Authors: Kunio Miyatake, Masaaki Uematsu, Hisao Matsuda, Masakazu Yamagishi, Seiki Nagata, Shintaro Beppu, Yoshitaka Mine, Naohisa Kamiyama, Makoto Hirama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Tuberculosis in Hospital Workers
Authors: P. W. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1937)

It is perhaps a little previous to enter upon a discussion on this subject, because we are without important facts.We are promised data at the end of the year from the Registrar-General concerning tuberculosis in nurses as compared with o.ther women of the same age, a-nd many of us feel that.the figures are going to show a heavy incidence of tuberculosis among nurses.At present we are relying more upon experience than upon facts, and " experience to experience oft opposed leaves truth un- certain."A certain amount of work concerning pul- monary tuberculosis in nurses and doctors has been done, particularly in America and Norway, and a beginning has been made in England.Hospital porters and orderlies do not appear to have been followed up, and so this paper will deal in the main with nurses.Incidence among Nurses in General Hospitals Most of the work published is hardly applicable to con- ditions that prevail in England.Let us, however, review very briefly, as has been done in the Milroy Lectures, 1937, and in the report to the Joint Tuberculosis Council, " Tuberculosis among Nurses," what has been said on the subject.I have freely extracted from these and from the fourth report of the Joint Tuberculosis Council on "Care and After-care Schemes in Tuberculosis."In 1903 Theodore Williams made investigations among the Brompton Hospital nurses; but it was Heimbeck's work (1928) that first drew serious attention to the matter.In the General Hospital, Oslo, where there are tuberculosis wards and where the nursing training lasts four years, he found that 12 per cent. of all nurses enter- ing developed clinical tuberculosis, those with a negative tuberculin reaction being most vulnerable (29.6 per cent. of the Pirquet-negative, as compared with 2.6 per cent. of the Pirquet-positive).His most recent figures (1936) indi- cate even more positively than before that nurses unpro- tected by a previous infection-that is, who are Pirquetnegative on admission-carry-a higher liability to contract tuberculous disease.Shipman and Davis (1933) state that between 6 and 7 per cent. of the student nurses in the University of Californta Hospital, numbering 387 over the ten-year period 1922-31, developed clinical tuberculosis during their three years' course of training, and that an additional 4 per cenL. of those graduating during that period subse- quently deveboped the disease.There are, we understand, no tuberculosis wards in this hospital.The authors found that the majority of the nuurses who failed to react-to tuberculin on entrance also failed to react on retesting a
Can a physicalist notion of color provide any insight into the nature of color perception?
Authors: Rainer Mausfeld, Reinhard Niederée
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Byrne &amp; Hilbert (B&amp;H) conceive of color perception as the representation of a physical property “out there.” In our view, their approach does not only have various internal problems, but is also apt to becloud both the intricate and still poorly understood role that “color” plays within perceptual architecture, and the complex coupling to the “external world” of the perceptual system as an entirety. We propose an alternative perspective, which avoids B&amp;H's misleading dichotomy between a purely subjective and a realist conception of “color.”
Take home naloxone and the prevention of deaths from opiate overdose: two pilot schemes
Authors: K. Dettmer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

fied physician and maternal preference in the higher section rates among older women, 1 5 and our results would support this speculation.Further investigation is needed into women's views about increased intervention, the variation in rates for caesarean section among obstetricians, and how maternal age influences both of these factors.
Gender differences in superoxide generation in microvessels of hypertensive rats: role of NAD(P)H-oxidase
Authors: A Dantas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: This study is aimed to explore whether gender plays a role in the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2−) in microvessels of hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as the potential mechanisms involved in these effects. Methods and results: NO generation in mesenteric arterioles was evaluated by measuring NO synthase (NOS) activity and protein expression. Oxidative stress was studied in vivo in mesenteric arterioles from male and female SHR by hydroethidine microfluorography. Although we did not observe any sex-related differences in NO generation, we found that hydroethitine oxidation is markedly increased (30.9±2.4%) in male compared to female (12.3±2.5%; p<0.05), demonstrating a gender difference in O2− production. The treatment of mesenteries with DPI (NAD(P)H-oxidase inhibitor) and treatment of SHR with losartan [Angiotensin-II type 1 (AT-1) receptor antagonist] markedly reduced O2− production in male, while produced a minor effect in female, suggesting that overexpression/activity of AT-1 receptor and NAD(P)H-oxidase contribute for the sexual dimorphism in superoxide generation. Immunoblot analyses provide evidences of overexpression of the NAD(P)H-oxidase components p22phox, gp91phox, p47phox and p67phox in arterioles from male in comparison to female. Losartan treatment inhibited the overexpression of these subunits in male, without affecting the responses in female. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that male SHR presents higher superoxide anion concentration under basal condition than does female. An AT-1-dependent overexpression of the NAD(P)H-oxidase components may account for the sexual dimorphism in oxidative stress, and may play an important role in the noted gender differences on incidence of cardiovascular disease.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR WRITING A SCIENTIFIC DIET
Authors: William S. Collens
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Among the major medical diseases in which the physician finds it necessary to prescribe a diet for a patient are included diabetes, obesity, cardiorenal disease, nephrosis and epilepsy. The progressive physiologic advances in the knowledge of nutrition have taught the clinician to respect the significant importance of the carbohydrate, protein, fat, salt and vitamin contents of foods when prescribing diets for patients. The present method of applying this useful information to the patient consists of resorting to diets recommended for these diseases by standard textbooks on nutrition and dietetics. One usually finds on investigating these books that the choice of diets is relatively limited. In diabetes, for example, one has little choice of selection from more than four to six inflexible diets. Again, in seeking a diet for nephritis, a list of protein-containing foods is given and the physician is advised to restrict or totally eliminate them. The physician is
Preclinical activity of LBH589 alone or in combination with chemotherapy in a xenogeneic mouse model of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A Vilas-Zornoza, X Agirre, G Abizanda, C Moreno, V Segura, A De Martino Rodriguez, E S José-Eneriz, E Miranda, J I Martín-Subero, L Garate, M J Blanco-Prieto, J A García de Jalón, P Rio, J Rifón, J C Cigudosa, J A Martinez-Climent, J Román-Gómez, M J Calasanz, J M Ribera, F Prósper
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer.
Authors: G Nyberg, A L Eriksson, A Fernbring, A Sandstrom
Journal: BMJ (1982)

just on the results of radioimmunoassay.Since a proportion of Addisonian patients will go on to develop permanent hypothyroidism and since the return to normality in the remainder may be delayed by many months, it would seem wisest to give thyroxine initially to all who are biochemically hypothyroid, and to attempt cautious withdrawal in some of them at a later stage.
Pharmacodynamic effects of a nonpeptide antidiuretic hormone V2 antagonist in cirrhotic patients with ascites
Authors: Dominique Guyader, Alain Patat, Evelyn J. Ellis-Grosse, Gayle P. Orczyk
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, mainly attributable to an impairment of free water excretion and increased vasopressin activity, are well-documented complications in cirrhotic patients with ascites. VPA-985 is a selective, nonpeptide, orally active, vasopressin-2-receptor antagonist. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacodynamics, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ascending single doses (25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg) in cirrhotic patients with ascites in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Each dose level was studied in 5 patients (4 active and 1 placebo). After an overnight fast and fluid restriction (continued for 4 hours after dose administration), all patients were given placebo on baseline day and an oral suspension of VPA or placebo on the following day. VPA produced a significant dose-related increase in daily urine output (1,454 +/- 858 mL to 4,568 +/- 4,385 mL with VPA 300 mg) and a dose-related decrease in urine osmolality. The free water clearance reached greater than 3 mL/min for doses 100 mg or greater. Simultaneously, significant increases in serum osmolality, sodium, and vasopressin levels were found. There was a significant increase in sodium urine excretion. VPA was rapidly absorbed and maximum serum concentrations were achieved within 1 hour after administration. Elimination half-life ranged from 9.0 hours after 100 mg to 22.6 hours after 200 mg. In conclusion, VPA induced a dose-related aquaretic response, suggesting a therapeutic potential in managing water retention in patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites.
TWO INTERESTING CASES OF PURPURA
Authors: H. Coke
Journal: BMJ (1931)

An opportunity has recently cccurred of making a careful study of several cases of idiopathic purpura, one of whiclh was of an unusually severe type.In addition to the severity of the disease in one case, I think they are noteworthyr because, as a result of the detailed examina- tions madle, it has beetn possible to determine an intimate relationship between a focus of sepsis and the clinical picture.These and other cases tend to show that the term " p-rimary or idiopathic " purpura is becoming of less and less practical significance, and that all purpuras may soon be shown to be " secondary "-that is, a syinptom peculiar to some special type of infection, probably streptococcal.Very definite clinical pictures still remain, however, and, after detailing these cases, the classification. of the purpuras will be briefly reconsidered in an attempt to group the cases on the more practical lines of a sound pathological basis. DESCRIPTION OF CASESThe first case was that of a boy, aged 13, who had remained in his wet clothes for six hours in a cinema after having beein thoroughly soaked by rain..The attack commenced two (lays later.V7omiting, diarrhoea, and colic were more prominenit than the purpuric rash, which consisted only of a few spots on the ankles.These symptoms all subsided, except for a severe tonsillitis.The following week he began to have some further purpura and nausea, and he was admitted to hospital on September 24th, the temperature being 99.50 F.Next morning severe vomitingt and colic began.The vomit contained flecks of blood, and the stool showed severe melaena.The tongue was coated, and the tonsils, fauces, and the whole of the nasophlarynx were covered with a thick purulent exudate of a yellow colour.The rash commenced that mlorninig over the right scapular region, spread rapidly over the whole of the left back, and could be seen visibly progressing.
Pacing-Induced Changes in Stroke Volume in the Evaluation of Myocardial Function
Authors: JOSEPH W. LINHART
Journal: Circulation (1971)

For characterization of left ventricular function using changes in heart rate, we performed right atrial pacing in 16 patients during right and left heart catheterizations. Hemodynamic data was obtained before pacing (B), during pacing (D), and immediately after (A) the sudden interruption of pacing, for assessment of the consequences of rapid changes in stroke volume. In 10 patients with normal left ventricular function, as heart rate (HR) changed from 81 ± 4 sem (B) to 125 ± 6 (D) to 77 ± 5 beats/min (A), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), from 8 ± 1 (B) to 3 ± 1 (D) to 9 ± 0.5 mm Hg (A), and stroke volume, from 74 ± 9 (B) to 46 ± 4 (D) to 77 ± 9 ml/beat (A), changed linearly. No change occurred in cardiac output (5.7 ± 0.5 liters/min) or in arterial pressure. In six patients with myocardial disease, HR changed similarly (from 86 ± 5 (B) to 126 ± 8 (D) to 90 ± 3 beats/min (A)), but LVEDP, cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) values were significantly different in comparison to the corresponding values for the subjects with normal function (LVEDP was 21 ± 3 (B), 8 ± 2 (D), and 25 ± 3 mm Hg (A), P = 0.001; CO was 4.1 ± 0.5 liters/min (B, D, and A), P = 0.01; SV was 48 ± 4 (B), 32 ± 5 (D), and 47 ± 4 ml/beat (A), P = 0.02). When pacing ventricular function curves were constructed relating left ventricular stroke work (SW) to LVEDP, normal patients exhibited a steep curve, while those with myopathies had flat responses. When the change (Δ) in SW was related to ΔLVEDP (ΔSW/ΔLVEDP), the value for normal subjects was 5.6 ± 1, and that for patients with myopathies, 0.6 ± .2 ( P = 0.001). Atrial pacing may be used for characterization of left ventricular function, and permits a separation of normal and abnormal responses.
Major Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: John G. Canto, Ami E. Iskandrian
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Invitation to Join a Controversy
Authors: Harold C. Sox, Paul Griner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Editorials1 March 1992An Invitation to Join a ControversyHarold C. Sox Jr., MD, Paul Griner, MDHarold C. Sox Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this author, Paul Griner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-422 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhich medical tests and treatments are effective? Which patients will benefit most from them? The public is looking to the organizations such as the American College of Physicians (ACP) for answers to these questions. The topic of this essay is achieving consensus about medical practice issues. The focus will be the ACP program for the development of medical practice guidelines and one of its recent topics: angina pectoris.Physicians in search of an authoritative recommendation have traditionally turned first to medical textbooks. Although physicians still look there for advice, practice guidelines issued by organizations like the ACP should become the...References1. AudetGreenfieldField ASM. Medical practice guidelines: current activities and future directions. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:709-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Eddy D (in collaboration with the Council of Medical Specialty Societies). A Manual for Assessing Health Practices and Designing Practice Policies. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 1991. Google Scholar3. WongSonnenbergSalemPauker JFDS. Myocardial revascularization for chronic stable angina: analysis of the role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty based on data available in 1989. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:852-71. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Gunnar R. Decision analysis in the evaluation of revascularization. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:817-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harold C. SoxJr., MD; Paul Griner, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byACP Practice GuidelinesRichard Bettigole, MD 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 422-423KeywordsAngina ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Global and regional function in the regionally ischaemic left ventricle related to plasma ionised calcium
Authors: G. A GEFFIN, L. J DROP, D. D O'KEEFE, S. V ROSENTHAL, J. B NEWELL, M A. JACOCKS, W. M DAGGETT, J. S TITUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

To study the response of function in the regionally ischaemic left ventricle to increased and decreased concentrations of plasma ionised calcium, twenty-two anaesthetised dogs were placed on right heart bypass with constant mean aortic pressure and heart rate. Regional (sonomicrometry) and global left ventricular function were assessed before coronary artery ligation. Then, following ligation, function after 45 min stable ionised hypercalcaemia ([Ca2+]=1.68±0.01 mmol·litre−1) and hypocalcaemia ([Ca2+]=0.73±0.02 mmol·litre−1) were each compared to function during an immediately preceding normocalcaemic period. Control of cardiac output enabled paired comparisons to be made at matched preloads: systolic shortening from common end-diastolic chord lengths (n=10), and stroke work at common left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (n=22). With hypercalcaemia, systolic shortening in the ischaemic region (2.11±0.39 mm preligation) increased from −0.62±0.17 to −0.04±0.20 mm (P<0.01), whereas in the control region systolic shortening increased from 1.47±0.12 to 2.00±0.15 mm (P<0.01) reaching its preligation value (1.67±0.13 mm). Stroke work at a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 1.37 kPa increased (0.248±0.019 to 0.299±0.021 joules·beat−1, P<0.001) but not to preligation levels (0.364±0.016 joules·beat−1). Hypercalcaemia also increased myocardial oxygen consumption (by 1.0±0.3 cm3·min−1·100 g−1, P<0.005) but not coronary blood flow. With hypocalcaemia, systolic shortening decreased in ischaemic and control regions, global function curves were markedly depressed, and myocardial oxygen consumption did not change but coronary blood flow increased. Thus hypercalcaemia improved function in ischaemic and control regions but improvement in the ischaemic region was small compared with the depression associated with ischaemia itself. Hypercalcaemia also improved global function, but not to preischaemic levels, at an increased oxygen cost.
Determination of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S Maeda, T Sawai, M Uzuki, Y Takahashi, H Omoto, M Seki, M Sakurai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To investigate whether interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) concentration in synovial fluid can be useful as a marker for disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to determine the main route by which collagenase degrades the matrix of articular cartilage, and to investigate if an imbalance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) is responsible for the activity of MMPs in RA.Collagenase concentrations were measured in synovial fluid and paired serum samples using a specific sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Collagenase activities were also assayed in synovial fluid samples. Synovial tissues obtained from the same patient were examined by immunohistochemical staining and the numbers of cells expressing collagenase were counted.Collagenase concentrations in synovial fluid did not correlate with C reactive protein and collagenase levels in serum, but did correlate positively with the degree of synovial inflammation, and increased with increasing numbers of cells identified as expressing collagenase in synovial tissue. Collagenase activities did not correlate with TIMP-1 concentrations, but did correlate strongly with the ratios of collagenase concentration to TIMP-1 (r = 0.73).The collagenase concentration in synovial fluid cannot be used as a marker for systemic disease activity, but can be used as a marker for the degree of synovial inflammation in the joint from which the sample is aspirated. In advanced RA, most of the collagenase is probably produced in synovial lining cells and released into synovial fluid, where it degrades the matrix of articular cartilage. An imbalance between MMP and TIMP may be of importance in the degradation of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage in RA.