tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation and function of hepatocyte NF-κB in postischemic liver injury
Authors: Alex B. Lentsch, Hartmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract The inhibitor of NF-κB (I-κB) kinase (IKK) complex consists of 3 subunits, IKK1, IKK2, and NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), and is involved in the activation of NF-κB by various stimuli. IKK2 or NEMO constitutive knockout mice die during embryogenesis as a result of massive hepatic apoptosis. Therefore, we examined the role of IKK2 in TNF-induced apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver by using conditional knockout mice. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of IKK2 did not lead to impaired activation of NF-κB or increased apoptosis after TNF-alpha stimulation whereas conditional NEMO knockout resulted in complete block of NF-κB activation and massive hepatocyte apoptosis. In a model of partial hepatic I/R injury, mice lacking IKK2 in hepatocytes displayed significantly reduced liver necrosis and inflammation than wild-type mice. AS602868, a novel chemical inhibitor of IKK2, protected mice from liver injury due to I/R without sensitizing them toward TNF-induced apoptosis and could therefore emerge as a new pharmacological therapy for liver resection, hemorrhagic shock, or transplantation surgery.
Effects of different proportions of carbohydrates, polysaccharides/monosaccharides, and different fibers on the metabolic control in diabetic rats
Authors: Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual, German Marenco, Maria J. Asis, Elena Bordiu, Susana Romeo, Carmen Romero, Pedro J. Martin, Juan P. Marañes, Aniceto L. Charro
Journal: Metabolism (1986)
Chronic hepatitis caused by the hepatitis a virus
Authors: Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The case of a young man with hepatitis A and a chronic course is presented. The patient recived a short course of steroid therapy for recurrence of symptoms following acute hepatitis A. Thereafter liver enzymes have remained marginally elevated for 4 years and annual liver biopsies have shown evidence of chronicity. HAV IgM Ab persisted for 1034 days with subsequent development of HAV IgG Ab. The possiblity of other viruses in the aetiology and the role of steroids in the development of chronicity are discussed.
Pharmacological strategies in CNS trauma
Authors: Alan I. Faden, Steven Salzman
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1992)

Delayed biochemical changes play an important role in tissue damage resulting from traumatic injuries to the central nervous system. Identification of such 'secondary' injury factors has led to the development of various pharmacological strategies aimed at limiting this progressive tissue destruction. In this review, Alan Faden and Steven Salzman discuss the pharmacological approaches that have the most experimental support. These include corticosteroids, antioxidants and free-radical scavengers, modulators of arachidonate metabolism, gangliosides, monoamine modulators, opioid receptor antagonists, TRH and its analogs, NMDA receptor antagonists, Ca2+ channel antagonists and platelet-activating factor antagonists.
Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in the Aging Human Hippocampus
Authors: Axel Montagne, Samuel R. Barnes, Melanie D. Sweeney, Matthew R. Halliday, Abhay P. Sagare, Zhen Zhao, Arthur W. Toga, Russell E. Jacobs, Collin Y. Liu, Lilyana Amezcua, Michael G. Harrington, Helena C. Chui, Meng Law, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Accidental Administration of Ergonovine to a Newborn
Authors: Allen A. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Workers in England recently described a newborn who was accidentally given an adult dose of ergometrine (ergonovine) instead of vitamin K.<sup>1</sup>The infant suffered respiratory failure, convulsions, and acute renal failure. We wish to report a similar incident for the benefit of American readers in the hope that future episodes can be prevented or, at least, promptly recognized. As part of an intensive Pediatric Drug Surveillance Program that has as its primary objective the identification of previously unsuspected acute adverse effects of drugs in hospitalized children,<sup>2</sup>we have monitored the conditions of 1,492 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care units at the Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Among these newborns, we identified the following case. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A female neonate was born at another hospital after a full-term, normal pregnancy and delivery. In the delivery room shortly
Infectious Corneal Ulcer With Overextended Wearing of Disposable Contact Lenses
Authors: Robert M. Kershner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The availability of extended-wear soft contact lenses and the recently developed disposable lenses has provided particular advantages to certain contact lens wearers. However, ophthalmologists have been concerned that the use of extended-wear contact lenses will increase the incidence of serious corneal infections. Few data have been available to support this contention because the history of long-term use of disposable contact lenses is not yet available. I herein report a corneal ulcer infected by<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp in a man who was wearing disposable contact lenses for 2 1/2 weeks at a time. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 19-year-old soft contact lens wearer was switched to disposable contact lenses by his optometrist. He was doing well with them for 10 months and gradually increased his wearing time from 2 to 3 weeks. He developed redness, pain, and loss of vision in his right eye after a 2 1/2week
Death in heat waves: ... and injudiciously opening windows
Authors: A. Pauleau
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—In his editorial on death in heat waves Keatinge surprisingly mentioned that a simple effective measure in protecting elderly people and others against heat is to open a window.1

I live in London and at the height of the heat wave the temperature outside in the shade was 37°C. During the few days of the heat wave I maintained the inside of my home at a cool 27°C by ensuring all windows and curtains were closed as soon as the outside temperature was warmer than the inside temperature. In the evening, around 9 pm, the whole procedure was reversed. Once the temperatures outside were similar to those inside the house I would open all curtains and windows to cool down the house and ensure that this coolness was maintained for as long as possible for the following day.

Surely to open the windows when the outside temperature is 37°C and the inside temperature 27°C is absolute madness.
Exhaled nitric oxide predicts asthma relapse in children with clinical asthma remission
Authors: M W Pijnenburg
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Nitric oxide in exhaled air (FE<sub>NO</sub>) is a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. A study was undertaken to determine whether FE<sub>NO</sub> predicts asthma relapse in asymptomatic asthmatic children in whom inhaled corticosteroids are discontinued. <b>Methods:</b> Forty children (21 boys) of mean age 12.2 years on a median dose of 400 μg budesonide or equivalent (range 100–400) were included. FE<sub>NO</sub> was measured before and 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after withdrawal of steroids. A relapse was defined as more than one exacerbation per month, or need for β agonist treatment on 4 days per week for at least 2 weeks, or diurnal peak flow variability of &gt;20%. FE<sub>NO</sub> measurements were performed online with an expiratory flow of 50 ml/s. <b>Results:</b> Nine patients relapsed. Two and 4 weeks after withdrawal of steroids geometric mean FE<sub>NO</sub> in children who were about to relapse was higher than in those who did not relapse: 35.3 ppb <i>v</i> 15.7 ppb at 2 weeks (ratio 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1; p = 0.01) and 40.8 ppb <i>v</i> 15.9 ppb at 4 weeks (ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 5.1). An FE<sub>NO</sub> value of 49 ppb at 4 weeks after discontinuation of steroids had the best combination of sensitivity (71%) and specificity (93%) for asthma relapse. <b>Conclusion:</b> FE<sub>NO</sub> 2 and 4 weeks after discontinuation of steroids in asymptomatic asthmatic children may be an objective predictor of asthma relapse.
Abstract 3168: Tumor cells express genome-derived DNA in the cytosol
Authors: Yu J. Shen, Nina L. Bert, Christine X. Koo, Ho S. Samantha, Ken J. Ishii, David H. Raulet, Stephan Gasser
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Type I interferons (IFNs) are secreted by infected cells in response to the recognition of nucleic acids. DNA damage and the ensuing DNA damage response also induce the expression of IFNs by poorly understood mechanisms. Here we show the presence of extramitochondrial single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) DNA in the cytosol of mouse and human tumor cells. The DNA only partially co-localized with autophagosomes, stress granules or lysosomes, but a majority was associated with mitochondria. Genotoxic agents increased the amount of DNA in the cytosol of tumor cells with low levels of constitutive cytosolic DNA. Cloning of ssDNA and dsDNA present in the cytosol of mouse tumor cells showed that at least some of the cytosolic DNA is derived from unique genomic loci. Cloned cytosolic DNA sequences often contained genomic retroelements. In silico analysis of the cloned DNA indicated that cytosolic DNA is predicted to form putative triplex DNA structures. Overexpression of Rnaseh1, which degrades intermolecular triplex structures called R-loops, reduced the levels of cytosolic ssDNA and dsDNA, while overexpression of Trex1, the major 3’-5’ DNA exonuclease, decreased the amount of cytosolic ssDNA but not dsDNA. Upregulation of IFNs in response to genotoxic agents was impaired in cells expressing Rnaseh1 or Trex1. In summary, we provide evidence that DNA damage in tumor cells induces the accumulation of genomic DNA in the cytosol and the production of type I IFNs in many tumor cells, which may contribute to immunosurveillance of cancers. Citation Format: Yu J. Shen, Nina Le Bert, Christine XE Koo, Ho SW Samantha, Ken J. Ishii, David H. Raulet, Stephan Gasser. Tumor cells express genome-derived DNA in the cytosol. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3168. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3168
In from the cold
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

American medicine is among the best in the world. But for years it has had to compete with the scene stealing awfulness of America’s healthcare system. As the only major industrialised country without universal coverage America has been a sort of rogue state: the world’s richest country spending more on health care per capita than any other, yet dogged by gaping health inequities, poor health outcomes, and social injustice. The evils and absurdities of American health care have filled pages in this and other publications and have been caricatured, as in the film Sicko ( BMJ  2007;335:47, doi:10.1136/bmj.39262.638588.59), making America ridiculous outside its borders …
Computed Tomography of the Brain in Axial, Coronal, and Sagittal Planes
Authors: Bruce Silver
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Computerized tomography (CT) has revolutionized the practice of neuroradiology and related clinical sciences. There is a new emphasis on cross-sectional anatomy in normal and pathological conditions. Improved technology has produced images of superior quality, as well as the capacity to reconstruct images in coronal and sagittal planes. The authors of<i>Computed Tomography of the Brain</i>have presented a reference atlas of normal brain anatomy in all of these planes. Superb quality photographs of gross specimens with extensive labelling are cut to correspond to comparable CT images, presented side by side. The specimens are from normal formalin-fixed brains that have been processed to eliminate ventricular air. The bony calvarium has been removed to reduce artifacts. The majority of scans were obtained on an early generation scanner (EMI Mark I 160X 160 matrix). The quality of the CT scans, although adequate, is considerably inferior to the images of current generation scanners. This
The Value of Inspiratory Leads in Electrocardiographic Diagnosis.
Authors: George A. Robitaille, John H. Phillips, Robert G. Sumner, Thomas G. Higgins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Value of Inspiratory Leads in Electrocardiographic Diagnosis.George A. Robitaille, John H. Phillips, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert G. Sumner, M.D., Thomas G. HigginsGeorge A. RobitailleSearch for more papers by this author, John H. Phillips, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert G. Sumner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas G. HigginsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1158_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the course of interpreting 1,000 consecutive electrocardiograms, interesting changes in cardiac rhythms were observed in leads III and AVF obtained during the act of deep inspiration.Among the phenomena observed were the production of: sinus arrest, sinus bradycardia, shifting atrial pacemaker, premature atrial and ventricular systoles, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, first and second degree atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia. In addition, the ability of this maneuver to abolish premature atrial and ventricular systoles, ventricular tachycardia and the pre-excitation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was also observed.The use of electrocardiographic leads taken during inspiration has long been advocated to aid in evaluation... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1158-1158KeywordsBradycardiaElectrocardiographyPacemakersParoxysmal atrial tachycardiaSystoleVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
NEW VESSEL GROWTH IN THE ADULT SKIN
Authors: T. J. RYAN, A. K. KURBAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– Injury of the epidermis by various types of trauma stimulates the growth of new vessels in the injured areas. The morphology of the new vessels is the same as that of the vessels already present in the area prior to injury. Thus new vessels formed in normal skin, naevus flammeus, plaques of psoriasis or in areas of pigmented purpuric dermatoses show features characteristic of those disorders and are not necessarily influenced by a tendency to form different patterns in other areas.
Surgical treatment of prolapsed lumbar discs.
Authors: L Wood
Journal: BMJ (1980)

underlying abdominal pathology needing surgical intervention.Liver function tests are often abnormal in patients with sepsis anywhere; an elevated serum vitamin B12 level is a useful pointer to a source in the liver.3In the three Leicester patients in whom vitamin B12 was measured, two had grossly elevated levels and the third was at the upper limit of normal.We recom- mend vitamin B12 estimation in patients with unexplained pyrexia as delay in the diagnosis of a liver abscess, as you point out, is usually fatal.
Triggering of Toll-like Receptor 4 Expressed on Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Promotes Tumor Development and Protects the Tumor from Immune Attack
Authors: Miroslaw J. Szczepanski, Malgorzata Czystowska, Marta Szajnik, Malgorzata Harasymczuk, Michael Boyiadzis, Aleksandra Kruk-Zagajewska, Witold Szyfter, Jan Zeromski, Theresa L. Whiteside
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on inflammatory cells play a key role in host defense against pathogens, benefiting the host. TLR are also expressed on tumor cells. To evaluate the role of TLR in tumor cells, we investigated TLR4 signaling effects on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumor tissues were obtained from 27 patients with laryngeal and 12 with oral cavity cancers. Normal mucosa was obtained from 10 patients with nonneoplastic disorders. Smears for bacteria were taken from all patients during surgery. TLR4 expression in tumors and HNSCC cell lines (PCI-1, PCI-13, and PCI-30) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth, apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation, and MyD88 and IRAK-4 expression, as well as Akt phosphorylation were measured following tumor cell exposure to the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor cell sensitivity to NK-92-mediated lysis was evaluated in 4-hour (51)Cr-release assays. Cytokine levels in HNSCC supernatants were measured in Luminex-based assays. TLR4 was expressed in all tumors, HNSCC cell lines, and normal mucosa. The TLR4 expression intensity correlated with tumor grade. LPS binding to TLR4 on tumor cells enhanced proliferation, activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, up-regulated IRAK-4 expression, induced nuclear NF-kappaB translocation, and increased production (P<0.05) of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. TLR4 triggering protected tumor cells from lysis mediated by NK-92 cells. TLR4 ligation on tumor cells supports HNSCC progression.
Perioperative myocardial infarction in peripheral vascular surgery
Authors: N Mamode, R N Scott, S C McLaughlin, A McLelland, J G Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The commonest major complication in patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery is perioperative myocardial infarction.1 No study in Britain has prospectively assessed this risk, but a recent retrospective study found an incidence of 6.3% in patients undergoing aortic surgery.2 We report the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction in our unit, which is a regional centre for peripheral vascular surgery.

We studied consecutive patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery after excluding those who were undergoing surgery for trauma, venous surgery, and minor procedures. Patients thought to be at high risk of perioperative myocardial infarction were referred to a cardiologist for further preoperative assessment. Concentrations of creatinine kinase MB isoenzymes were measured (by Imx STAT) for the first three days after surgery, and electrocardiograms were recorded on admission, …
Independent effects of weight change and attained body weight on prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese and non-obese men.
Authors: S. Sonne-Holm, T. I. Sorensen, G. Jensen, P. Schnohr
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relations among prevalence of arterial hypertension, history of weight change, and current body weight in the range from normal weight to severe obesity. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of medical records of men registered with Danish military authorities from 1943 to 1977 and followed up four to 40 years later. SETTING--Draft board of Copenhagen and surrounding counties and the rest of Sjaelland and surrounding islands. SUBJECTS--964 Men who were severely obese (body mass index greater than or equal to kg/m2 at the first examination) and 1134 random controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure and weight. RESULTS--Hypertension was more prevalent in subjects with an unchanged body mass index as that index increased over the range studied. At any body mass index hypertension was more prevalent in subjects who had increased to this index and less common in those who had decreased to it than in those who had stayed the same weight since the first examination. Hypertension among controls was most common in those subjects who had become obese during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS--Changes in body weight have a great influence on arterial hypertension independent of the effect of attained weight, particularly in obese subjects.
Countering poor training within the NHS
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Training staff is vitally important in successful organisations. The British government recently identified poor training and staff development as one of the main reasons why British companies suffer from chronic low productivity compared with many foreign companies. As a result it introduced a scheme—“investors in people”—that allows organisations to be kitemarked if they achieve high performance in training and developing staff. Ironically, within the NHS—an organisation that is the responsibility of the government—there are glaring deficiencies with training, and the BMJ this week begins an attempt to address some of them.

The worst deficiency is that many posts for junior doctors are not approved for training. This …
Chromocolonoscopy detects more adenomas than white light colonoscopy or narrow band imaging colonoscopy in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer screening
Authors: R. Hüneburg, F. Lammert, C. Rabe, N. Rahner, P. Kahl, R. Büttner, P. Propping, T. Sauerbruch, C. Lamberti
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Individuals carrying germline mutations in one of the genes responsible for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) have a lifetime risk of up to 80 % of developing colorectal cancer. As there is evidence for a higher incidence of flat adenomatous precursors and because an accelerated adenoma–carcinoma sequence has been postulated for these patients, early detection of these lesions is essential. It was the aim of the present study to assess the detection rate of polypoid lesions by comparing chromocolonoscopy with standard white light colonoscopy and narrow-band imaging (NBI) colonoscopy.
Phase II Trial of Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Topotecan with G-CSF Support in Previously Untreated Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Southwest Oncology Group 9914
Authors: Paul J. Hesketh, Jason McCoy, Frank R. Dunphy, James D. Bearden, Geoffrey R. Weiss, Jeffrey K. Giguere, James N. Atkins, Shaker R. Dakhil, Karen Kelly, John J. Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Mitochondrial Pseudogenes Are Pervasive and Often Insidious in the Snapping Shrimp Genus Alpheus
Authors: S. T. Williams, N. Knowlton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Here we show that multiple DNA sequences, similar to the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, occur within single individuals in at least 10 species of the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus. Cloning of amplified products revealed the presence of copies that differed in length and (more frequently) in base substitutions. Although multiple copies were amplified in individual shrimp from total genomic DNA (gDNA), only one sequence was amplified from cDNA. These results are best explained by the presence of nonfunctional duplications of a portion of the mtDNA, probably located in the nuclear genome, since transfer into the nuclear gene would render the COI gene nonfunctional due to differences in the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. Analysis of codon variation suggests that there have been 21 independent transfer events in the 10 species examined. Within a single animal, differences between the sequences of these pseudogenes ranged from 0.2% to 20.6%, and those between the real mtDNA and pseudogene sequences ranged from 0.2% to 18.8% (uncorrected). The large number of integration events and the large range of divergences between pseudogenes and mtDNA sequences suggest that genetic material has been repeatedly transferred from the mtDNA to the nuclear genome of snapping shrimp. Unrecognized pseudogenes in phylogenetic or population studies may result in spurious results, although previous estimates of rates of molecular evolution based on Alpheus sister taxa separated by the Isthmus of Panama appear to remain valid. Especially worrisome for researchers are those pseudogenes that are not obviously recognizable as such. An effective solution may be to amplify transcribed copies of protein-coding mitochondrial genes from cDNA rather than using genomic DNA.