tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphometric evidence for non-pressure-related arterial wall thickening in hypertension.
Authors: J L Liu, S P Bishop, H W Overbeck
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To investigate the relation of pressure and vascular wall thickening in hypertension, we coarcted the abdominal aorta upstream to the renal arteries in 14 rats. Sham-coarcted (n = 16) and two-kidney, one-clip (Goldblatt) hypertensive rats (n = 13) served as controls. Tail, femoral, and carotid arterial pressures rose (p less than 0.01) in the two-kidney, one-clip hypertensives; only carotid pressure rose (p less than 0.01) in the coarcted rats, tail and femoral pressures remaining normal (p greater than 0.25). Thus, the hindquarters of the coarcted rats remained normotensive. Four to six weeks after surgery we perfusion-fixed vascular tissues of the hindquarters, including kidneys, with formalin at in vivo levels of pressure. Glycol methacrylate-embedded tissues were sectioned at 1 micron thickness and vessels quantitatively evaluated. The outer medial and lumen perimeters of abdominal aorta, femoral artery, and renal arterioles were measured; from these measurements, vessel outer and lumen diameters, medial thickness, medial area, and medial thickness-to-lumen radius ratios were calculated. Compared with sham-coarcted rats, abdominal aorta, femoral arteries, and renal arterioles less than 61 microns outer diameter in rats with coarctation and Goldblatt hypertension had significantly increased (up to +100%) medial area, medial thickness, and medial thickness-to-lumen radius ratios. In general, magnitudes of abnormalities were similar in Goldblatt and coarcted rats. Renal arterioles greater than 60 microns outside diameter in Goldblatt hypertensive, but not coarcted, rats also were thickened. These results indicate that vascular wall thickening occurs in conduit arteries and smaller renal arterioles in the normotensive hindquarters of coarcted rats, providing morphometric evidence for non-pressure-related mechanisms involved in vascular growth in this form of hypertension.
Cross-Validation Study for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and KRAS Mutation Detection in 74 Blinded Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Samples: A Total of 5550 Exons Sequenced by 15 Molecular French Laboratories (Evaluation of the EGFR Mutation Status for the Administration of EGFR-TKIs in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma [ERMETIC] Project—Part 1)
Authors: Michèle Beau-Faller, Armelle Degeorges, Estelle Rolland, Mounia Mounawar, Martine Antoine, Virginie Poulot, Audrey Mauguen, Véronique Barbu, Florence Coulet, Jean-Luc Prétet, Ivan Bièche, Hélène Blons, Jean-Christophe Boyer, Marie-Pierre Buisine, Florence de Fraipont, Sarab Lizard, Sylviane Olschwang, Patrick Saulnier, Delphine Prunier-Mirebeau, Nicolas Richard, Claire Danel, Elisabeth Brambilla, Christos Chouaid, Gérard Zalcman, Pierre Hainaut, Stefan Michiels, Jacques Cadranel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
MILITARY ASPECT OF STATUS LYMPHATICUS
Authors: JAMES EWING
Journal: JAMA (1918)

During the past thirty years it has been the conclusion of many pathologists who have carefully observed the general configuration of the cadaver at necropsy that the fate of the human body is not a matter of chance but in general is controlled by certain intrinsic physical tendencies that are of congenital origin. This conclusion is merely in line with the doctrine of a constitutional predisposition to disease, the importance of which has been submerged by the advent of the germ theory. Clinical observers, especially in recent times, have not been so much impressed with the importance of constitutional factors doubtless because the most definite evidences of such tendencies are revealed chiefly at necropsy, and possibly also because the modern clinician is greatly occupied by a multitude of laboratory tests and aids to diagnosis and prognosis, which apply without regard to any constitutional basis of disease. Recently, the experience of
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Pandora's Box
Authors: John Edmond Salvaggio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In spite of the current plethora of industrial air pollutants, all such evils of mankind have not yet escaped from Pandora's box. As illustrated by Banaszak, Thiede and Fink in this issue, of the Journal, thermophilic actinomycetes, a ubiquitous group of organisms, can remain inside the box as "internal" pollutants via "the winds and breezes" of air conditioners.First named by Gasperini in 1890,1 and thoroughly investigated by Waksman, actinomycetes have traditionally affected the life and economy of man in a beneficial manner as universal scavengers that decompose plant residues and as producers of enzymes, vitamins, and antibiotics.Lately, actinomycetes . . .
Modulation of renal kallikrein by a high potassium diet in rats with intense proteinuria
Authors: L.G. Ardiles, F. Loyola, P. Ehrenfeld, M.E. Burgos, C.A. Flores, G. Valderrama, I. Caorsi, J. Egido, S.A. Mezzano, C.D. Figueroa
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Current Controversies in the Anxiety Disorders
Authors: M. Lader
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Ronald M Rapee Guilford Press, pounds sterling32.50, pp 388 ISBN 1 57230 023 X

It seems a good idea. Identify a series of topics in an area of research and treatment characterised by different views. Ask two or three experts to review a topic, each from a different viewpoint. Then ask them to comment on the contributions from the other one or two contributors. This unusual format should provide a lively volume, especially when the editor is himself …
Changes in the brain may link Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Researchers have identified a common pathway in the brain for both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, supporting clinical observations of the simultaneous appearance of symptoms of both in some patients.

The β amyloid peptides that accumulate in Alzheimer's disease plaques also increase the build up of the α synuclein protein, which is characteristic of the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease, according to Dr Eliezer Masliah from the University of California at San Diego in La Jolla, and colleagues. The potential connection suggests that experimental drugs designed to target brain deposits linked …
ROENTGEN EXAMINATION OF THE PARANASAL SINUSES AND MASTOIDS
Authors: AMÉDÉE GRANGER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

During the meeting of this section at San Francisco in 1923 it was my privilege to describe<sup>1</sup>in detail two positions for making roentgenograms of the paranasal sinuses, more especially the sphenoids and ethmoids. I adopted these after painstaking experiments with dried skulls which had the sphenoids and two groups of ethmoids filled with substances of different ray-absorbing values, because in these roentgenograms the shadows of the filled sinuses were superimposed or merged to the least extent and, much more important, the boundary landmarks of these sinuses formed by known and constant anatomic structures were readily visible in them. For the study of the sphenoid and posterior ethmoids as perfect a roentgenogram as is possible is made from this position,<sup>2</sup>the head resting evenly and firmly with the alveolar and glabella points in contact with the author's sinus mask or head rest, its sagittal plane forming a 107
Amitriptyline in Anxious-Depressed Outpatients: A Controlled Study
Authors: KARL RICKELS, IRMA CSANALOSI, HACK R. CHUNG, W. GEORGE CASE, JORGE A. PEREIRA-OGAN, ROBERT W. DOWNING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

In a four-week study of 08 volunteer subjects with mixed symptoms of anxiety and depression, amitriptyline produced significantly more improvement than placebo. Significant differences were noted between the amitriptyline and placebo treatment groups at two weeks in relief of somatic and anxiety symptoms and at four weeks in relief of depressive symptoms. The marked sensitivity of the volunteers to certain amitriptyline-induced side effects appeared to be related to their relatively high level of education, employment, and anxiety. Comparison data indicated that the results obtained with volunteers are relevant to outpatients treated in general practice.
Cytarabine Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: John P. Conomy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) was utilized in the treatment of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed symptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after a 12-year course of lymphoproliferative illness. An immediate and impressive degree of neurologic improvement occurred with the institution of antiviral chemotherapy, but clinical benefit was not sustained and the patient died of his neurologic disorder. On gross examination at postmortem, necrotic changes in the demyelinated areas of the brain were seen. Light and electron microscopic studies showed changes characteristic of PML and virus-like particles abundant in glial cells. Cytarabine may have some influence on the course of the illness, but the quality of therapeutic effect needs further investigation. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1313-1316, 1974)
Curing the Incurable
Authors: Carl Pfeiffer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Patients and lay authors sometimes use the word "cure," but the medically trained learn to be more circumspect. The disease is "arrested" or the "effect of the disease process is stabilized." Workers treating patients with nervous and mental disorders soon learn to assess the "social rehabilitation" of their patients. Similarly, workers in cancer cite "five-" and "ten-year cures" as the ultimate goal in therapy of these difficult-to-treat disorders. I learned as a medical student to avoid "cure" as well as "incurable" since I walked Ellis Avenue in Chicago each day on my way to medical school past a building where engraved in stone over the doorway was "Chicago Home for Incurables." This was in 1938. I hope the building with its negative message has become outmoded and demolished by now. Reimann and McCloskey (228:1662, 1974) scold over the expenditure of $20,000 in medical expenses to find the
Heterozygosity for a defective gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 is not the sole determinant for the immunologic and virologic phenotype of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors.
Authors: O J Cohen, M Vaccarezza, G K Lam, B F Baird, K Wildt, P M Murphy, P A Zimmerman, T B Nutman, C H Fox, S Hoover, J Adelsberger, M Baseler, J Arthos, R T Davey, R L Dewar, J Metcalf, D J Schwartzentruber, J M Orenstein, S Buchbinder, A J Saah, R Detels, J Phair, C Rinaldo, J B Margolick, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors are a heterogeneous group of individuals with regard to immunologic and virologic markers of HIV-1 disease. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has recently been identified as an important coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T cells. A mutant allele of CCR5 confers a high degree of resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygous individuals and partial protection against HIV disease progression in heterozygotes. The frequency of CCR5 heterozygotes is increased among HIV-1- infected long-term nonprogressors compared with progressors; however, the host defense mechanisms responsible for nonprogression in CCR5 heterozygotes are unknown. We hypothesized that nonprogressors who were heterozygous for the mutant CCR5 gene might define a subgroup of nonprogressors with higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower viral load compared with CCR5 wild-type nonprogressors. However, in a cohort of 33 HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors, those who were heterozygous for the mutant CCR5 gene were indistinguishable from CCR5 wild-type nonprogressors with regard to all measured immunologic and virologic parameters. Although epidemiologic data support a role for the mutant CCR5 allele in the determination of the state of long-term nonprogression in some HIV-1- infected individuals, it is not the only determinant. Furthermore, long-term nonprogressors with the wild-type CCR5 genotype are indistinguishable from heterozygotes from an immunologic and virologic standpoint.
Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in Costa Rican children with asthma
Authors: S. Bunyavanich, M. E. Soto‐Quiros, L. Avila, D. Laskey, J. M. Senter, J. C. Celedón
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article: Bunyavanich S, Soto‐Quiros ME, Avila L, Laskey D, Senter JM, Celedón JC. Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in Costa Rican children with asthma. Allergy 2010; 65 ; 256–263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398‐9995.2009.02159.x. Abstract Background: Risk factors for allergic rhinitis (AR) in asthmatics are likely distinct from those for AR or asthma alone. We sought to identify clinical and environmental risk factors for AR in children with asthma. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study of 616 Costa Rican children aged 6–14 years with asthma. Candidate risk factors were drawn from questionnaire data, spirometry, methacholine challenge testing, skin testing, and serology. Two outcome measures, skin test reaction (STR)‐positive AR and physician‐diagnosed AR, were examined by logistic regression. Results: STR‐positive AR had high prevalence (80%) in Costa Rican children with asthma, and its independent risk factors were nasal symptoms after exposure to dust or mold, parental history of AR, older age at asthma onset, oral steroid use in the past year, eosinophilia, and positive IgEs to dust mite and cockroach. Physician‐diagnosed AR had lower prevalence (27%), and its independent risk factors were nasal symptoms after pollen exposure, STR to tree pollens, a parental history of AR, inhaled steroid and short‐acting β2 agonist use in the past year, household mold/mildew, and fewer older siblings. A physician’s diagnosis was only 29.5% sensitive for STR‐positive AR. Conclusions: Risk factors for AR in children with asthma depend on the definition of AR. Indoor allergens drive risk for STR‐positive AR. Outdoor allergens and home environmental conditions are risk factors for physician‐diagnosed AR. We propose that children with asthma in Costa Rica and other Latin American nations undergo limited skin testing or specific IgE measurements to reduce the current under‐diagnosis of AR.
925-42 Augmented Plasma Norepinephrine and Blood Pressure Responses to Submaximal Exercise with Impaired Chronotropic Response in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hiroki Omodani, Toru Kinugawa, Masahiko Kato, Noriyasu Noguchi, Shuichi Osaki, Tatsuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Miyakoda, Hiroshi Kotake, Hiroto Mashiba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Effects of physical conditioning on fibrinolytic variables and fibrinogen in young and old healthy adults.
Authors: J R Stratton, W L Chandler, R S Schwartz, M D Cerqueira, W C Levy, S E Kahn, V G Larson, K C Cain, J C Beard, I B Abrass
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The effects of 6 months of intensive endurance exercise training on resting tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity, t-PA antigen, and fibrinogen were studied in 10 young (24-30 years) and in 13 old male subjects (60-82 years). METHODS AND RESULTS After training, maximum oxygen consumption was increased in the young group by 18% (44.9 +/- 5.0 to 52.9 +/- 6.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001), whereas it was increased in the old group by 22% (29.0 +/- 4.2 to 35.5 +/- 3.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001). The young group had no significant changes in any of the measured variables, whereas the old group had a 39% increase in t-PA activity (0.82 +/- 0.47 to 1.14 +/- 0.42 IU/ml, p less than 0.03), a 141% increase in the percentage of t-PA in the active form (11.1 +/- 7.7 to 26.8 +/- 15.1%, p less than 0.01), a 58% decrease in PAI-1 activity (8.4 +/- 4.9 to 3.5 +/- 1.7 AU/ml, p less than 0.01), and a 13% decrease in fibrinogen (3.57 +/- 0.79 to 3.11 +/- 0.52 g/l, p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intensive exercise training enhances resting t-PA activity and reduces fibrinogen and PAI-1 activity in older men. These effects are potential mechanisms by which habitual physical activity might reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
THE CONTROL OF TYPHOID INFECTION
Authors: CHARLES T. NESBITT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

thought best to let her try to deliver herself, lier efforts were futile, however, the presenting part refusing to engage.In this case no attempts were made to deliver with forceps, and but one vaginal examinai ion was made ,hiring labor.My judgment prompted me to make the cesarean section.To illustrate still another way of attacking a labor complicated by a moderate degree of pelvic contraction:('ask I.--A young primípara with a true conjugate of 8.5 cm. was sent In SI.Luke's Hospital on the first signs of labor and without delay submitted to cesarean section.Her recovery was as uneventful as a normal labor.Besides, she was spare 1 many hours of useless pain.To have lier baby was about as much of an ordeal as a simple appendectomy.
Endothelial Cells Promote the Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype through a Soluble Form of Jagged-1
Authors: Jia Lu, Xiangcang Ye, Fan Fan, Ling Xia, Rajat Bhattacharya, Seth Bellister, Federico Tozzi, Eric Sceusi, Yunfei Zhou, Isamu Tachibana, Dipen M. Maru, David H. Hawke, Janusz Rak, Sendurai A. Mani, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
The Normal Apex Cardiogram
Authors: EMILIO TAFUR, LAWRENCE S. COHEN, HAROLD D. LEVINE
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The configuration of the apex cardiogram and its temporal relationship to the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid pulse, and jugular venous pulse were analyzed in 25 normal subjects. In two patients with rheumatic valvular disease simultaneous electrocardiograms, phonocardiograms, left intraventricular pressure and apex cardiograms were obtained. In all cases the apex cardiogram showed a characteristic and reproducible contour in both its systolic and diastolic components. The curves of the apex cardiogram display all consecutive phases of the cardiac cyle; contraction-and-emptying and relaxation-and-filling. It bears a constant relationship to the phonocardiogram and is more useful as a reference tracing for acoustic events than the electrocardiogram, carotid pulse, or jugular venous pulse. The onset of the systolic wave of the apex cardiogram precedes the rise of left intraventricular pressure and mitral valve closure. The maximal systolic peak of the apex cardiogram occurs simultaneously with the onset of left ventricular ejection and the rise of the carotid pulse pressure. Small deflections are frequently inscribed on the apex cardiogram at the time of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic valve closure. The wave form of the apex cardiogram is caused primarily by movements of the left ventricle against the chest wall. It is thus a translation of the sequence of hemodynamic events occurring in the underlying left ventricle. The inaccuracy of the jugular venous pulse for timing right- and left-sided cardiac events is emphasized.
Risk of plasma cell and lymphoproliferative disorders among 14621 first-degree relatives of 4458 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in Sweden
Authors: Ola Landgren, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Lynn R. Goldin, Neil E. Caporaso, Cecilie Blimark, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Anders Wahlin, Magnus Bjorkholm, Ingemar Turesson
Journal: Blood (2009)
WINGED SCAPULA: CASE OCCURRING IN SOLDIER FROM KNAPSACK
Authors: Frederic W. Ilfeld
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Prominence or "winging" of the scapula was described in 1825 by Velpeau, who attributed this deformity to paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.<sup>1</sup>Since that time cases of this type have been reported due to poliomyelitis, birth palsy, postinfluenzal neuritis, diphtheria, erysipelas, cerebral palsy and progressive muscular dystrophy.<sup>2</sup>Ball<sup>3</sup>has reported a case of paralysis of the serratus anterior in a midshipman following an injection of antitetanic serum, and McGoogan<sup>4</sup>reported 3 cases occurring during the puerperium. Such trauma as the following may cause the same deformity: swinging at a punching bag and missing, being kicked by a horse, pulling energetically on a hand clutch, golfing, using crutches, pressure from a cast, the postural habit of sleeping on the outstretched arm,<sup>5</sup>following an abdominal operation,<sup>6</sup>carrying weights on the shoulder and a direct fall.<sup>1</sup>Search of the literature on this subject fails to
Inhalation Therapy Education and Training Programs
Authors: Vincent J. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Inhalation therapy is a medical specialty which deals with the testing and treatment of physiologic pulmonary disorders. The responsible physician requires technical assistance. Education of technicians and therapists is out-lined in a curriculum covering a minimum of 18 months. This represents a two-year academic program. A physician is the responsible director and is assisted by a technical supervisor who is registered. Affiliation with colleges is encouraged for teaching the basic sciences. Collegiate courses are preclinical; the applied sciences and the clinical practices must be taught in the hospital setting.
A Mitochondrial Genotype Associated With the Development of Autoimmune-Related Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yasuko Uchigata, Taisuke Okada, J.-S. Gong, Yoshiji Yamada, Yasuhiko Iwamoto, Massashi Tanaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Comment -I interpret these results to support the recommendation of both the American Kidney Foundation and the American Diabetes Association that ACR can be used instead of a timed collection.Timed collections, 24 h or otherwise, are very inconvenient and often not collected accurately.Since albumin excretion is highly variable from day to day (up to 25%), a repeat ACR to fulfill the criterion of two of three positive values within a 3-to 6-month period as recommended for the diagnosis of microalbuminuria would very likely have reduced the false-positive rate of 6%.Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes.
The Hippocratic Oath
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It pleases me that Dr. Ralph Crawshaw (<i>JAMA</i><b>209</b>: 20, 1969) has taken the trouble to explore which if any oath is taken by the medical graduates of the various US schools. Although I particularly relish the sentimentality and antiquity of the Hippocratic Oath, it is not sufficiently relevant to modern medical practice and is therefore inappropriate as the credo of dedication for new physicians. The Declaration of Geneva is to be preferred; our young medical men and women will fulfill all the expectations of present society if they would really follow it. But I would like to call to the attention of all those responsible for recommending its use the last premise: "I will maintain the utmost respect for human life, from the time of conception; even under threat, I will not use any medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity." Is this a blanket