tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RESPONSE OF CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS TO DIPHTHERIA TOXIN
Authors: Joan M. Moehring, Thomas J. Moehring
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

We have investigated the response of the resistant mouse L cell to diphtheria toxin. Intact cells and cell-free systems were studied. It was determined that the cell-free system is as sensitive to toxin as those from sensitive reticulocyte, HeLa, and KB cells previously studied. Poly-L-ornithine, reported to stimulate macromolecular uptake, enhanced toxin activity under conditions which also stimulated acid phosphatase activity. Resistance, in the L cell, appears to be linked to the cell membrane and the process of macromolecular uptake, and not to any intrinsic property of either the polyribosomes or associated protein synthesizing factors. Because of the unique way in which diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis, the ability of poly-L-ornthine to enhance this action provides convincing evidence that poly-L-ornithine stimulates a true absorption of macromolecules and not just increased surface adsorption.
THE DEMONSTRATION OF MALIGNANT CELLS EXFOLIATED FROM THE PROXIMAL COLON
Authors: WILLIAM CARL EBELING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1957)

Article1 January 1957THE DEMONSTRATION OF MALIGNANT CELLS EXFOLIATED FROM THE PROXIMAL COLONWILLIAM CARL EBELING, M.D., JOAN W. LITTLEWILLIAM CARL EBELING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOAN W. LITTLESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-46-1-21 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptINTRODUCTIONDespite the widespread application and popularity of the cytologic diagnosis of cancer, there has been relatively little interest in utilizing this technic for the demonstration of carcinomatous lesions of the large bowel. The apparent reason for this lack of emphasis has been the obvious difficulty encountered in the collection of cells. Certainly the time-honored clinical methods used in the detection of colonic carcinoma have left much room for improvement, especially in cases where the tumor has been located beyond the reach of the sigmoidoscope.The previously reported work is scant. Significant contributions by others will be mentioned briefly. Loeb...Bibliography1. LoebScapier RAJ: Rectal washings technic for cytologic study of rectosigmoid, Am. J. Surg. 81: 298-302, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BaderPapanicolaou GMG: The application of cytology in the diagnosis of cancer of the rectum, sigmoid, and descending colon, Cancer 5: 307, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RubinMasseyKirsnerPalmerStonecypher CEBWJBWLDD: The clinical value of gastrointestinal cytologic diagnosis, Gastroenterology 25: 119-138, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. : The cytologic diagnosis of cancer, 1950, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Received for publication May 2, 1956.This study was supported by a grant-in-aid from the United States Public Health Service.Requests for reprints should be addressed to William Carl Ebeling, M.D., University Hospital, Baltimore-1, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe diagnosis of carcinoma of the large bowel by exfoliative cytologyGastrointestinal CytologyThe value of colonic exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the large intestineCarcinoma of the right colonThe results of exfoliative cytology studies in 50 patients with symptoms of large bowel disorderExfoliative Cytology of the ColonExfoliative cytology in diagnosis of cancer of the colon 1 January 1957Volume 46, Issue 1Page: 21-29KeywordsCancer detection and diagnosisCellsColonLesionsMedical services Issue Published: 1 January 1957 PDF downloadLoading ...
Relation Between Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Death After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marianne Zeller, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Jack Ravisy, Luc Lorgis, Yves Laurent, Pierre Sicard, Luc Janin-Manificat, Jean-Claude Beer, Hamid Makki, Anne-Cécile Lagrost, Luc Rochette, Yves Cottin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

An elevated body mass index (BMI) has been reported to be associated with a lower rate of death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, waist circumference (WC) may be a better marker of cardiovascular risk than BMI. We used data from a contemporary French population-based cohort of patients with AMI to analyze the impact of WC and BMI on death rates.We evaluated 2229 consecutive patients with AMI. Patients were classified according to BMI as normal, overweight, obese, and very obese (BMI <25, 25 to 29.9, 30 to 34.5, and >35 kg/m(2), respectively) and as increased waistline (WC >88/102 cm for women/men) or normal. Half of the patients were overweight (n=1044), and one quarter were obese (n=397) or very obese (n=128). Increased WC was present in half of the patients (n=1110). Increased BMI was associated with a reduced death rate, with a 5% risk reduction for each unit increase in BMI (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.98; P<0.001). In contrast, WC as a continuous variable had no impact on all-cause death (P=0.20). After adjustment for baseline predictors of death, BMI was not independently predictive of death. The group of patients with high WC but low BMI had increased 1-year death rate.Neither BMI nor WC independently predicts death after AMI. Much of the inverse relationship between BMI and the rate of death after AMI is due to confounding by characteristics associated with survival. This study emphasizes the need to measure both BMI and WC because patients with a high WC and low BMI are at high risk of death.
Hereditary Renal-Retinal Dysplasia and the Medullary Cystic Disease-Nephronophthisis Complex
Authors: PRATAP S. AVASTHI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Nine of 81 members of two families were found to have renal problems. Three patients in one family had renal-retinal dysplasia with probable recessive inheritance. Of the 6 patients in the second family, one received a kidney transplant from his brother who initially had no detectable renal abnormality but later developed renal failure. In this family, the mode of inheritance seems to be dominant. Hereditary renal-retinal dysplasia differs from medullary cystic disease and nephronophthisis in its pattern of uniformly recessive inheritance and its accompaniment by retinitis pigmentosa. Because genetic considerations have important implications in selection of donors for renal transplant, these entities should be considered distinct despite the similarities in their clinical and pathologic features.
A novel cDNA detects homozygous microdeletions in greater than 50% of type I spinal muscular atrophy patients
Authors: Terri G. Thompson, Christine J. DiDonato, Louise R. Simard, Susan E. Ingraham, Arthur H.M. Burghes, Thomas O. Crawford, Camille Rochette, Jerry R. Mendell, John J. Wasmuth
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in atopic eczema: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: C. Koch, S. Dölle, M. Metzger, C. Rasche, H. Jungclas, R. Rühl, H. Renz, M. Worm
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The increasing prevalence of atopic eczema has been linked to the alteration of the Western diet, namely the reduced consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and an increased omega-6 (n-6) PUFA intake.The aim of the pilot study was to determine the efficacy of dietary n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in patients with atopic eczema.Fifty-three patients suffering from atopic eczema aged 18-40 years were recruited into this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial and received either DHA 5.4 g daily (n = 21) or an isoenergetic control of saturated fatty acids (n = 23) for 8 weeks. At weeks 0, 4, 8 and 20 the clinical outcome was assessed by the SCORAD (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis) index. IgE production and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analysed. Plasma fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography.DHA, but not the control treatment, resulted in a significant clinical improvement of atopic eczema in terms of a decreased SCORAD [DHA: baseline 37.0 (17.9-48.0), week 8 28.5 (17.6-51.0); control: baseline 35.4 (17.2-63.0), week 8 33.4 (10.7-56.2)]. A significant reduction of anti-CD40/interleukin 4-mediated IgE synthesis of PBMC was detected in the DHA group only. Supplementation led to a modulated activation status of PBMC in both groups. The DHA group showed an increase of plasma n-3 PUFA and a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio.Our data suggest that dietary DHA could be bioactive and might have a beneficial impact on the outcome of atopic eczema, but our results need to be confirmed in a larger study.
Gluten sensitivity: a many headed hydra
Authors: M Hadjivassiliou, R A Grunewald, G A B Davies-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In a lecture entitled “On the coeliac affection”1 given in London in 1887 Dr Samuel Gee first described the condition we now refer to as coeliac disease or gluten sensitive enteropathy. With clinical manifestations confined to the gastrointestinal tract or attributable to malabsorption, it was logical to assume that the key to the pathogenesis of this disease resided in the gut. However, focusing diagnostic criteria on the gut (as most physicians still do) has delayed the appreciation of the wider spectrum of gluten sensitivity.

The treatment of coeliac disease remained empirical until 1940-50, when the Dutch paediatrician Willem Dicke noted the deleterious effect of wheat flour on individuals with coeliac disease.2 Removal of all dietary products containing wheat resulted in complete resolution of the gastrointestinal symptoms and a resumption of normal health. The introduction of the small bowel biopsy in 1950-60 confirmed the gut as the target organ in coeliac disease. The characteristic features of villous flattening, crypt hyperplasia, and increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes …
Epithelial Cell Organization Suppresses Myc Function by Attenuating Myc Expression
Authors: David R. Simpson, Min Yu, Siyuan Zheng, Zhongming Zhao, Senthil K. Muthuswamy, William P. Tansey
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract c-Myc is an oncogene transcription factor that causes cancer in many settings, including solid tumors that arise in the context of organized tissue structures. Given that disruption of tissue architecture frequently occurs in cancer, there is considerable interest in how cell organization impacts oncogene function. A previous report found that organization of mammary epithelial cells into defined 3-dimensional structures renders them insensitive to the effects of retrovirus-mediated overexpression of Myc, leading to the notion that organization tempers the sensitivity of individual cells to Myc activity. In this article, we report that epithelial cell organization does not profoundly alter Myc activity but, instead, suppresses Myc by modulating its expression. We show that the morphogenesis of mammary epithelial cells into organized acinar structures in vitro is accompanied by widespread changes in gene expression patterns, including a substantial decrease in the expression of Myc. Concomitant with the decrease in endogenous Myc expression, we observe a decrease in transcription from retroviral vectors during morphogenesis and find that Myc transgene expression in acini is much lower than in unorganized cells. This decrease in Myc transgene activity is responsible for the apparent recalcitrance of organized cells to ectopic Myc, as adenovirus-mediated expression of Myc in organized structures potently induces apoptosis. These observations reveal that organization does not alter the inherent response of epithelial cells to Myc and suggest that other tumor suppression mechanisms, apart from structure, antagonize Myc in the development of solid tumors. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3822–30. ©2011 AACR.
Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance: Does etiology make a difference?
Authors: Amedeo Lonardo, Silvia Lombardini, Federica Scaglioni, Lucia Carulli, Matteo Ricchi, Dorval Ganazzi, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Giuseppe Ruggiero, Nicola Carulli, Paola Loria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
The Gonadotropic Function of Insulin*
Authors: LEONID PORETSKY, MARCIA F. KALIN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

DURING the last decade, it has become apparent that the pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH, are not the exclusive regulators of ovarian function. Several other hormones and various growth factors also play a role in ovarian physiology. Among these hormones and growth factors are insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). It is conceivable that a deficiency or an excess of insulin or IGFs could significantly alter ovarian function. In fact, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a disorder characterized by insulinopenia, is associated with clinical manifestations of ovarian hypofunction: primary amenorrhea, late menarche, anovulation, low pregnancy rate, and early menopause. Furthermore, insulin resistance, the cardinal feature of which is hyperinsulinemia, is associated with clinical manifestations of ovarian hyperstimulation, primarily hyperandrogenism. It is becoming increasingly clear that insulin plays an important role in ovarian physiology; however, the mechanisms of insulin action on the ovary remain largely hypothetical. We will review clinical observations and experimental studies that shed light on the role of insulin in ovarian function.
Common variable immunodeficiency and hemophagocytic features associated with a FAS gene mutation
Authors: Taco W. Kuijpers, Paul A. Baars, Daan J. aan de Kerk, Machiel H. Jansen, Natasja Dors, Rene A.W. van Lier, Steven T. Pals
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Stress and relapse of breast cancer.
Authors: A. J. Ramirez, T. K. Craig, J. P. Watson, I. S. Fentiman, W. R. North, R. D. Rubens
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To elucidate the association between stressful life events and the development of cancer the influence of life stress on relapse in operable breast cancer was examined in matched pairs of women in a case-control study. Adverse life events and difficulties occurring during the postoperative disease free interval were recorded in 50 women who had developed their first recurrence of operable breast cancer and during equivalent follow up times in 50 women with operable breast cancer in remission. The cases and controls were matched for the main physical and pathological factors known to be prognostic in breast cancer and sociodemographic variables that influence the frequency of life events and difficulties. Severely threatening life events and difficulties were significantly associated with the first recurrence of breast cancer. The relative risk of relapse associated with severe life events was 5.67 (95% confidence interval 1.57 to 37.20), and the relative risk associated with severe difficulties was 4.75 (1.58 to 19.20). Life events and difficulties not rated as severe were not related to relapse. Experiencing a non-severe life event was associated with a relative risk of 2.0 (0.62 to 7.47), and experiencing a non-severe difficulty was associated with a relative risk of 1.13 (0.38 to 3.35). These results suggest a prognostic association between severe life stressors and recurrence of breast cancer, but a larger prospective study is needed for confirmation.
False-Positive Secretin Test
Authors: ROBERT L. WOLLMUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1978False-Positive Secretin TestROBERT L. WOLLMUTH, M.D., JAMES B. WAGONFELD, M.D.ROBERT L. WOLLMUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES B. WAGONFELD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-718_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Deveney and associates have convincingly demonstrated the usefulness of the secretin test in the diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. They note that a rise in serum gastrin of 110 pg/ml in response to secretin "should produce no false-positive responses" (1). Doctor Ippoliti, in his editorial, reports that he has seen no false-positive responses to secretin (2). We wish to report such a false-positive response in a young woman with achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia.A 28-year-old woman had a 2-year history of postprandial abdominal cramps, followed by loose watery stools. Her history and physical findings were otherwise unremarkable. Evaluation...References1. DEVENEYDEVENEYJAFFEJONESWAY CKBRL: Use of calcium and secretin in the diagnosis of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). Ann Intern Med 87:680-686, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. IPPOOLITI A: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: provocative diagnostic tests. Ann Intern Med 87:787-788, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Oregon Health Sciences Center Portland, OR 97201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byZollinger–Ellison Syndrome: Diagnosis and ManagementHypochlorhydria and Achlorhydria Are Associated With False-Positive Secretin Stimulation Testing for Zollinger-Ellison SyndromeSerum Gastrin in Zollinger-Ellison SyndromeGastrin and other Peptide HormonesSecretin and Calcium Provocative Tests in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome A Prospective StudyHarold Frucht, MD, John M. Howard, MD, James I. Slaff, MD, Steven A. Wank, MD, Denis M. McCarthy, MD, Paul N. Maton, MD, Rakesh Vinayek, MD, Jerry D. Gardner, MD, Robert T. Jensen, MDPositive intravenous secretin test in patients with achlorhydria-related hypergastrinemiaIslet Cell Tumors and the Ulcerogenic SyndromeSerum gastrin levels in response to exogenous secretin in patients with duodenal ulcerFamily Studies of Hypergastrinemic, Hyperpepsinogenemic I Duodenal UlcerI. L. TAYLOR, M.D., Ph.D., J. CALAM, M.D., J. I. ROTTER, M.D., C. VAILLANT, Ph.D., I. M. SAMLOFF, M.D., A. COOK, M.D., E. SIMKIN, M.D., G. J. DOCKRAY, Ph.D.Secretin injection test in the diagnosis of gastrinoma 1 May 1978Volume 88, Issue 5Page: 718-719KeywordsAchlorhydriaGastrinHypergastrinemiaSecretinZollinger Ellison syndrome Issue Published: 1 May 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HARM PREVENTION–EATING DISORDERS IN BRITISH ATHLETICS
Authors: J Fylan, A Currie, L Lightfoot
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Eating disorders are prevalent in athletics and impact on health and performance. Knowledge of how the sports environment contributes to risk can be translated into effective prevention and harm reduction. Objectives To ensure that the workforce (including volunteers) of British Athletics can: 1) Practice in a manner that minimizes the eating disorder risk, 2) Recognise the early warning signs of disordered eating, 3) Support and direct athletes to appropriate help. Design The Welfare Department of British Athletics consulted with eating disorders experts to develop an education package and describe a referral pathway. Setting British Athletics–the organisation responsible for the sport's governance, funding and development throughout the United Kingdom. Participants 50 leaders in medical, coaching and support staff with a cascade mechanism for dissemination to all staff and athletes. Interventions A seminar for all key personnel (covering the extent of the problem, prevention, early detection and access to treatment), supplemented by educational articles in athletics press, training videos uploaded to coach education website (ucoach.com) and resource pack for all staff. Main outcome measurements 50 key personnel attended the seminar including the Chief Medical Officer (CMO). Referral pathways are now clear and managed by British Athletics. The CMO can direct immediate further action for funded athletes. All other athletes are signposted to appropriate help by the Welfare Department. Results There was a 100% approval rating for the resource pack. 96% reported improved understanding of the problem, 92% were confident with the referral pathways and 93% reported increased awareness of sources of support. 800 resource packs distributed and 1500 visits to ucoach.com. Conclusions Preventive measures for eating disorders are important and can be widely disseminated within national sports organisations. Prompt action minimises harm but requires clear pathways to assessment and further treatment.
THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCAL EMPYEMA WITH BILE SALTS
Authors: B. R. Sworn, T. V. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1934)

LMEDICAL JOURNALit was common following the celebrations of Independence Day on July 4th.In America,' in 1903, despite official warnings, over 400 patients died from tetanus due to this cause alone.The incubation period was short and the disease very virulent.In the majority of cases the wounds were in the hands.Recommendations were made regarding the sale of toy pistols and blank cartridges and the giving of antitetanic serum in all wounds of this nature.This reduced the mortality to three in the 1914 Independence Day celebrations.Miss Smith2 reported four cases with three deaths, occurring in London in 1932.The wadding of the blank cartridges was examined for B. tetani, but none were found.However, other anaerobes were isolated, particularly B. sporogenes.She points out that this does not exclude B. tetani, as it is difficult to isolate B. tetani from mixed company.In America, following the 1903 cases, a large number of blank cartridges were examined, but in no case was B. tetani found, although one culture, inoculated into rats, caused death from convulsions.Other instances of death from tetanus associated with toypistol wounds were reported by Stokes,3 Schofield,4 and Clark Trotter.5 6 In Dr. Clark Trotter's case the cartridges were ext-nined by Professor McIntosh, and B. tetani was found.It was observed then that only in those cartridges with a wad containing hair felt was the organism obtained.
NOTES ON CLINICAL TRIALS WITH MARMOREK'S ANTITUBERCULOUS SERUM
Authors: J. P. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1912)

MZMe" JOURNAL~~~~~~~~~~T ime and carefully kept records alone will enable a judge- ment to be formed-of the permanence of such.results.I look forward to the time when the resistance of the units of the nations has been so raised that it will be only exceptionally that the tubercle bacillus will be able to live in human tissues.
Association of Aortic Valvular Disease and Cystic Medial Necrosis of the Ascending Aorta
Authors: VICTOR A. MCKUSICK, R. BRUCE LOGUE, HENRY T. BAHNSON
Journal: Circulation (1957)

In 4 patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation, progressive dilatation of the ascending aorta and dissecting aneurysm developed. Cystic medial necrosis was discovered histologically. It is suggested that the change in the aorta is secondary to hemodynamic stresses imposed by the disease at the aortic valve.