tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Access to Medical Records and Reports: A Practical Guide
Authors: P Penn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Robert Cowley Radcliffe, £14.95, pp 176 ISBN 1-87095-59-8

Twenty years ago the possibility that a doctor would be sued by a patient alleging professional negligence was so unlikely that it was virtually ignored. Moreover, public attitudes to data held on file were surprisingly relaxed, perhaps reflecting a perception that such data were stored in filing cabinets, safely under lock and key.

Since then there have been two major …
MicroRNA-155 Drives TH17 Immune Response and Tissue Injury in Experimental Crescentic GN
Authors: Christian F. Krebs, Sonja Kapffer, Hans-Joachim Paust, Tilman Schmidt, Sabrina B. Bennstein, Anett Peters, Gesa Stege, Silke R. Brix, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Roman-Ulrich Müller, Jan-Eric Turner, Oliver M. Steinmetz, Gunter Wolf, Rolf A. K. Stahl, Ulf Panzer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

CD4(+) T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, including human and experimental crescentic GN. Micro-RNAs (miRs) have emerged as important regulators of immune cell development, but the impact of miRs on the regulation of the CD4(+) T cell immune response remains to be fully clarified. Here, we report that miR-155 expression is upregulated in the kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated crescentic GN and a murine model of crescentic GN (nephrotoxic nephritis). To elucidate the potential role of miR-155 in T cell-mediated inflammation, nephritis was induced in miR-155(-/-) and wild-type mice. The systemic and renal nephritogenic TH17 immune response decreased markedly in nephritic miR-155(-/-) mice. Consistent with this finding, miR-155-deficient mice developed less severe nephritis, with reduced histologic and functional injury. Adoptive transfer of miR-155(-/-) and wild-type CD4(+) T cells into nephritic recombination activating gene 1-deficient (Rag-1(-/-)) mice showed the T cell-intrinsic importance of miR-155 for the stability of pathogenic TH17 immunity. These findings indicate that miR-155 drives the TH17 immune response and tissue injury in experimental crescentic GN and show that miR-155 is a potential therapeutic target in TH17-mediated diseases.
Bevacizumab versus Ranibizumab for AMD
Authors: Philip J. Rosenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

For 5 years, patients and clinicians have wrestled with the choice between two drugs for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly worldwide. Vision loss results from the abnormal growth and leakage of blood vessels in the macula, a specialized portion of the retina responsible for the best visual acuity. Without this macular vision, patients become legally blind. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the cytokine primarily responsible for blood-vessel growth, is inhibited when anti-VEGF drugs are injected repeatedly into the eye, and blindness is prevented in most patients. The majority . . .
Subdivision in an Ancestral Species Creates Asymmetry in Gene Trees
Authors: M. Slatkin, J. L. Pollack
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

We consider gene trees in three species for which the species tree is known. We show that population subdivision in ancestral species can lead to asymmetry in the frequencies of the two gene trees not concordant with the species tree and, if subdivision is extreme, cause the one of the nonconcordant gene trees to be more probable than the concordant gene tree. Although published data for the human–chimp–gorilla clade and for three species of Drosophila show asymmetry consistent with our model, sequencing error could also account for observed patterns. We show that substantial levels of persistent ancestral subdivision are needed to account for the observed levels of asymmetry found in these two studies.
Supermarket cigarettes: the brands that dare not speak their name
Authors: M. J Jarvis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In terms of brand shares, the cigarette trade in the United Kingdom is dominated by the multinational tobacco companies, whose brands together hold over 90% of the market. But the situation in terms of numbers of brands is quite different. Recent years have seen a proliferation of brands sold by one retailer only (termed supermarket own label brands). In 1995, 153 (54%) brands monitored by the Laboratory of the Government Chemist were supermarket brands, compared with 114 (46%) from multinational tobacco companies and 17 (6%) brands of limited availability (for example, the brand sold in the House of Commons—“House of Commons King Size”). This contrasts with 10 years ago, when only 4% were supermarket brands.

Supermarket brands sell at a substantial discount and are not advertised, and there is little public awareness that major retailers are active players on their own account in the cigarette market. The market share held by supermarket brands could expand, particularly if cigarette advertising is banned and as the real cost of cigarettes increases. This article aims to document the situation, to draw up a profile of people who smoke these brands, and to comment briefly on some of the issues raised.

### Summary points

All the main supermarkets sell own label brands of cigarettes; these make up the majority of brands on sale in the United Kingdom

Most supermarkets do not put their name on the packet, suggesting their awareness that involvement in the tobacco trade sits uneasily with the healthy image they like to promote

Supermarkets' own label brands currently have a market share of 7%, but this could …
T cells expressing the γδ T cell receptor induce apoptosis in cardiac myocytes
Authors: S Huber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Enterovirus infections are major etiological factors in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Using an experimental murine model of this disease, previous studies have shown that myocarditis susceptibility depends upon activation of T lymphocytes expressing the gamma delta T cell receptor (TcR), and that only mouse strains which accumulate gamma delta T cells in the myocardium show apoptosis of myocytes or evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy-like disease. The objective of the present studies is to demonstrate that gamma delta T cells directly induce greater Fas-dependent apoptosis of cultured myocytes than T cells expressing the alpha beta TcR.Bl.Tg.E alpha mice were infected for 7 days with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Hearts were removed and were either formalin-fixed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for inflammation, and using TdT-TUNEL for apoptosis, or were minced and collagenase digested for isolation of gamma delta+ and alpha beta+ T cells using immunomagnetic bead separation. Neonatal cultures of cardiac myocytes were isolated from mice less than 2 days old by collagenase and pancreatin digestion, and were either untreated or infected with virus. Levels of Fas (CD95) were measured using FITC-conjugated hamster anti-mouse Fas monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Susceptibility of myocytes to Fas-dependent killing was measured by 51Cr-release by labeled myocytes incubated for 4 h on either 3T3-mock or 3T3-FasL transfected cell monolayers. Killing by T cells was also measured in a 4 h 51Cr-release assay. Fas-dependent and perforin-dependent cytotoxicity was determined by specific blocking using either Fas-Fc or concanamycin A.Virally infected myocyte cultures showed significantly enhanced Fas expression compared to uninfected cells, with maximal upregulation of Fas occurring 18-24 h after virus infection. Both infected and uninfected myocytes were selectively killed by FasL-transfected 3T3 cells but not by mock control cells. Approximately 38% of CD3+ lymphocytes isolated from the heart express the gamma delta TcR with the remainder expressing the alpha beta TcR. Both gamma delta+ and alpha beta+ T cells lysed myocyte targets. Blocking studies indicate that gamma delta+ T cells induced predominantly Fas-mediated killing, while alpha beta+ cell produced more perforin-mediated death, although these effectors were capable of Fas-dependent killing as well.These studies demonstrate that T cells expressing the gamma delta TcR are more effective mediators of myocyte apoptosis than alpha beta+ T cells in vitro and suggests that these effectors may be primarily responsible for myocardial injury associated with dilated cardiomyopathy-like signs during coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis.
ACTIVE ANKLE RANGE OF MOTION ASSESSMENT IN ELITE TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES: NORMATIVE VALUES
Authors: Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, Dimitra Mertyri, Konstantinos Tsitas, Agapi Papalada, Nicola Maffuli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Lateral ankle sprains account for 15% to 45% of all sports related injuries. Although often considered minor, they can lead to persistent disability in athletes and long term complications. Over the last decade, several studies have provided the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Range of Motion is an important physical characteristic in athletes in terms of performance and injury prevention. Goniometry is an easy and cheap method to assess active ankle range of motion (AROM) to establish normative values. We assessed AROM in elite track and field athletes. During 1999–2011, we measured bilaterally the Ankle AROM with the knee extended during an in-season period with a plastic double-arm goniometer in 137 Elite Greek Track and Field Athletes. Male runners (dominant leg=70.90, non dominant leg=70.60) and jumpers(dominant leg=70.90, non dominant=70.90) had a higher mean AROM than throwers(dominant leg=69.20, non dominant=68.60).Female jumpers had a higher mean AROM(dominant leg=73.20, non dominant=72.30 than both runners(dominant leg=69.60, non dominant=69.50) and throwers (dominant leg=69.1, non dominant=69.50)
Knockdown expression and hepatic deficiency reveal an atheroprotective role for SR-BI in liver and peripheral tissues
Authors: T. Huby, C. Doucet, C. Dachet, B. Ouzilleau, Y. Ueda, V. Afzal, E. Rubin, M. J. Chapman, P. Lesnik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Scavenger receptor SR-BI has been implicated in HDL-dependent atheroprotective mechanisms. We report the generation of an SR-BI conditional knockout mouse model in which SR-BI gene targeting by loxP site insertion produced a hypomorphic allele (hypomSR-BI). Attenuated SR-BI expression in hypomSR-BI mice resulted in 2-fold elevation in plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels. Cre-mediated SR-BI gene inactivation of the hypomorphic SR-BI allele in hepatocytes (hypomSR-BI-KO(liver)) was associated with high plasma TC concentrations, increased plasma free cholesterol/TC (FC/TC) ratio, and a lipoprotein-cholesterol profile typical of SR-BI-/- mice. Plasma TC levels were increased 2-fold in hypomSR-BI and control mice fed an atherogenic diet, whereas hypomSR-BI-KO(liver) and SR-BI-/- mice developed severe hypercholesterolemia due to accumulation of FC-rich, VLDL-sized particles. Atherosclerosis in hypomSR-BI mice was enhanced (2.5-fold) compared with that in controls, but to a much lower degree than in hypomSR-BI-KO(liver) (32-fold) and SR-BI-/- (48-fold) mice. The latter models did not differ in either plasma lipid levels or in the capacity of VLDL-sized lipoproteins to induce macrophage cholesterol loading. However, reduced atherosclerosis in hypomSR-BI-KO(liver) mice was associated with decreased lesional macrophage content as compared with that in SR-BI-/- mice. These data imply that, in addition to its major atheroprotective role in liver, SR-BI may exert an antiatherogenic role in extrahepatic tissues.
Evaluation of the Asthma Life Quality test for the screening and severity assessment of asthma
Authors: J. A. Fonseca, L. Delgado, A. Costa‐Pereira, C. Tavares, A. Moreira, A. Morete, F. de Oliveira, J. Rodrigues, M. Vaz
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Asthma Life Quality (ALQ) test, a 20‐question questionnaire developed by the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, has been shown to be useful for asthma diagnosis. We aimed to determine the relation between ALQ scores and (a) diagnosis of asthma; (b) physician's classification of asthma severity according to National Institutes of Health/Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Methods: Standard translation and cultural adaptation to Portuguese was performed. Patients self‐administered the ALQ in the waiting room; the attending allergist classified them, blindly for the test. The scores of nonasthmatics were compared with those of asthma patients. Asthma patients were analyzed in two severity groups: intermittent and mild persistent asthma (IMPA), and moderate and severe persistent asthma (MSPA); sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated and receiver operating characteristic curve plotted. Logistic regression analysis models were computed. Results: From 283 patients, 237 tests were analyzed. Non‐asthmatic patients ALQ scores (mean ± SD) were 6 ± 4 and, for asthmatics, 10 ± 5 [mean difference 4.6 (95%CI 3.3–5.9)]. The odds of positive diagnosis increased 1.27 times (95%CI 1.17–1.38) for each one‐unit increase in the test. For asthma severity ALQ scores were 9 ± 4 for IMPA, 15 ± 3 for MSPA [difference 6.0 (95%CI 4.8–7.1)]; with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 74% for a score of 12. The odds of MSPA increased 1.49 times (95%CI 1.28–1.74) per unit increase in ALQ. Conclusions: ALQ can help both to identify patients with asthma and to differentiate those more likely to have moderate/severe asthma. These are relevant characteristics for the possible use of this simple, self‐administered questionnaire in the assessment of asthma patients needing additional medical management.
Two New Therapies Available Under Treatment IND
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The FDA has designated two additional investigational drugs for early availability for use in treatment under its Treatment IND (investigational new drug) program. Altogether 26 drugs have been designated for Treatment INDs since the mechanism was inaugurated in 1987 as a means of providing access prior to marketing approval to promising therapies for serious and life-threatening conditions for which there is no satisfactory alternative treatment. <i>Rifabutin</i>is newly available for use under Treatment IND as prophylaxis against disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. Rifabutin, a broad-spectrum, antibacterial analog of rifampicin, is to be used for MAC prophylaxis in HIV-positive patients 12 years of age or older with CD4 lymphocyte counts of 200/μL (0.20×10<sup>9</sup>/L) or below. It is administered orally at 300 mg a day. Rifabutin is the first drug for which there are data from controlled trials that may indicate effectiveness in delaying or preventing MAC infections in
ACUTE CHANGES OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Seong Mi Park, Chul-Min Ahn, Soon-Jun Hong, Yong-Hyun Kim, Jei-Sang Kim, Jae-Hyung Park, Wan-Joo Shim, Do-Sun Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
EXPERIMENTAL CONSTRICTION OF FETAL DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND POLYPHENOL EXCRETION AFTER MATERNAL POLYPHENOL-RICH DIET IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Paulo Zielinsky, Guilherme Bubols, Luiz H. Nicoloso, Antonio Piccoli, Izabele Vian, Angela Moro, Mariele Charo, Natlia Brucker, Rachel Bulco, Sabrina Nascimento, Gabriela Gethel, Marcelo Alievi, Melissa Markoski, Solange Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Overexpression of c-met protooncogene product and raised Ki67 index in hepatocellular carcinomas with respect to benign liver conditions
Authors: Walter F. Grigioni, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Antonia d'Errico, Antonio Ponzetto, Tiziana Crepaldi, Maria Prat, Paolo M. Comoglio
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The c-met protooncogene encodes a 190-kd transmembrane tyrosine kinase. This molecule is the receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is an important mitogen for hepatocytes both in vitro and in vivo. In experimental models, the c-met transcripts appeared strongly expressed by actively proliferating oval cells (OCs). We evaluated the phenotypic modulation of the c-met protooncogene product (c-met pp), in 10 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 5 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), 4 cases of fulminant hepatitis (FH), and 1 regenerated liver, selected to include the different biological states of hepatocyte (mature normal hepatocytes, transformed ones, and OCs). The supposed mitogenic effect of HGF was analyzed by comparing c-met pp overexpression with the Ki67 index, whereas anti-OV-6 antibody was used for comparison with the presence of OCs. The anti-c-met pp showed a typical plasma membrane-specific staining in all cases. The signal was much stronger in the HCCs than in the benign conditions. The anti-OV-6 monoclonal antibody showed positive immunostaining in many of the cells expressing c-met pp. The percentage of Ki67+ nuclei in high-grade HCCs paralleled c-met protooncogene overexpression. The c-met pp in OV-6+ cells suggests that the paracrine mechanism postulated in experimental models could also apply to human liver.
ABC of 1 to 7. Tonsillitis and otitis media.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Upper respiratory tract infections become more common after the age of 1 year.In the child the pharynx, tonsils, and middle ear are close together and it may seem arbitrary to divide them anatomically and prescribe separate treatment for each area.Although failing to give specific treatment for acute tonsillitis rarely results in sequelae, lack of treatment of acute otitis media may lead to bursting of the drum and a chronic discharge.As preschool children have about six upper respiratory tract infections each year these problems are extremely common. Tonsillitis and pharyngitisSunda ytoday Tu!y Wedres Thursday
Recovery of left atrial function following pulmonary vein isolation using radiofrequency ablation in chronic atrial fibrillation: An intracardiac doppler echocardiographic study
Authors: Erwan Donal, Richard A. Grimm, Hirotsugu Yamada, Yong Jin Kim, Nassir Marrouche, Andrea Natale, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
James Bridie, or Osborne H. Mavor
Authors: George M. Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The subject of Dr. Corner's article "A Man With a Fine Talent for Idleness" (<b>200</b>:53, 1967), James Bridie, does not seem to be as well known in the United States as he deserves. Because of his activities at the university, Bridie belonged to that group of people who, in a different environment, might have been called dilettantes. Yet, to my knowledge, as Dr. Osborne H. Mavor he was a professor of medicine at Anderson College in Glasgow. Undoubtedly, his training as a medical student was important, as Dr. Corner points out, to many of his plays. It is difficult to think of him separately from the word "puckish." When he had failed his anatomy three times and a new professor named Price arrived, Bridie's poem in the university magazine concluded, "O Price, let thrice suffice." So it came to pass. Unfortunately, like much of minority dialect
THE UNIT DOSE SYSTEM
Authors: Edmund D. Pelligrino
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Perhaps the largest social issue before the health professions today is the optimal utilization of the capabilities of each member of the health care team for the benefit of the patient. We are clearly far from knowing how best to mobilize our personnel resources now and in the future to meet the acceleration in the variety and number of health care needs. Urgently needed is drastic revision in the way needs are assessed and the way the functional roles required to meet them are assigned. Professional prerogatives, historial jurisdictions, and legal proscriptions which deter experimentation must also be reexamined in the light of social and individual needs. Unfortunately, the factual and organizational substratum essential to rational solutions is not yet at hand. Instead, we must resort to empiric approaches which courageously and imaginatively scrutinize traditional patterns of care from two points of view: Do they serve the needs of patients
UK needs 10 000 more GPs by 2022 to meet needs, report says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

General practice in the United Kingdom needs huge extra investment and at least 10 000 more GPs by 2022 to meet the population’s growing and increasingly complex health needs, says a report from the Royal College of General Practitioners.1

The college said that without these resources the goal of an efficient 21st century model of integrated “person centred” care that was based within local communities would not happen.

Clare Gerada, president of the college, said that its report, published on 20 June, showed how changes in general practice would benefit patients, but she cautioned that funds had to shift from secondary care and that outdated premises must be improved so that more care could occur in the community.

She said, “None of this vision will become reality if we do not receive fairer investment for general practice. If …
Soluble adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein in the progression of silent cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takahiko Kawamura, Toshitaka Umemura, Akio Kanai, Masahito Nagashima, Nobuhisa Nakamura, Tomoko Uno, Mikihiro Nakayama, Takahisa Sano, Yoji Hamada, Jiro Nakamura, Nigishi Hotta
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “The Concept of Voluntary Consent”
Authors: Robert M. Nelson, Tom L. Beauchamp
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This research was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (SES-0527618; Drs. Nelson, Beauchamp, and Mary Frances Luce); the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (R21CA118377-01A1; Dr. Nelson); and an Institutional Development Grant to the Center for Research Integrity, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors, and do not represent (through RMN) the policies of either the Food and Drug Administration or the Department of Health and Human Services.
Reasons for the Artist's Conception of the Physician
Authors: BEN WOLEPOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 June 1931Reasons for the Artist's Conception of the PhysicianBEN WOLEPOR, M.D.BEN WOLEPOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-12-1601 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptJoseph conrad defined the artist as one who in a moment of courage, snatched from the remorseless rush of time, a passing phase of life; one who attempted the highest kind of justice to the visible universe by bringing to light the truth. The artist appeals to that part of our being which is not dependent on wisdom; to that in us which is a gift and not an acquisition―and therefore more permanently enduring. This is an eloquent and stirring description but far from a true one. The artist cannot describe truth in its entirety. His vision is often distorted... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa.*From the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1931Volume 4, Issue 12Page: 1601-1608KeywordsGraduate medical educationVision Issue Published: 1 June 1931 PDF DownloadLoading ...