tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies Hint at Benefits of Imaging as a Screening Tool to Detect Coronary Risk
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

These promising developments have been aided by basic research and translational research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). “It’s a good example of benefit of basic and broad research,” said Riddle. Riddle noted that working groups across the NIH’s various institutes have been established and have now developed strategic plans for FXS (http:// tinyurl.com/2fmjnax) and Down syndrome (http://tinyurl.com/2anrbuk). Additionally, an increased focus on translational research at the NIH in the past 10 to 15 years is providing more resources to help scientists studying developmental disorders to advance their studies to clinical trials, Riddle said. The institutes are also working cooperatively with drug companies to evaluate promising drugs in clinical trials. For example, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke participated in a cooperative agreement with Seaside to bring its FXS drug to trials (NCT00965432 at http://www .clinicaltrials.gov). If the therapies under study for FXS and Down syndrome prove effective, the approachmayhave implications forother developmental disorders that involve intellectual impairment or autism-like symptoms.Suchdisorders “involvegenes that sit in pathways that regulate protein synthesis at synapses,” Bear said. “The treatments developed for one may apply more broadly.” The findings in Down syndrome also may have implications for even more common disorders, such as Alzheimer disease, which occurs in many patients with Down syndrome, Dierssen said. “We are getting into learning and memory phenomena and the epigenetic changes underlying activitydependent neural plasticity that allow adults tocompensate for lesionsand traumas,” she said. The research is also providing insight into normal brain function, the scientists agree. “The brain is more plastic than we ever imagined,” Riddle said.
Accuracy of electrocardiography in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension: systematic review
Authors: Daniel Pewsner, Peter Jüni, Matthias Egger, Markus Battaglia, Johan Sundström, Lucas M Bachmann
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To review the accuracy of electrocardiography in screening for left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension. <b>Design</b> Systematic review of studies of test accuracy of six electrocardiographic indexes: the Sokolow-Lyon index, Cornell voltage index, Cornell product index, Gubner index, and Romhilt-Estes scores with thresholds for a positive test of ≥4 points or ≥5 points. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic databases ((Pre-)Medline, Embase), reference lists of relevant studies and previous reviews, and experts. <b>Study selection</b> Two reviewers scrutinised abstracts and examined potentially eligible studies. Studies comparing the electrocardiographic index with echocardiography in hypertensive patients and reporting sufficient data were included. <b>Data extraction</b> Data on study populations, echocardiographic criteria, and methodological quality of studies were extracted. <b>Data synthesis</b> Negative likelihood ratios, which indicate to what extent the posterior odds of left ventricular hypertrophy is reduced by a negative test, were calculated. <b>Results</b> 21 studies and data on 5608 patients were analysed. The median prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 33% (interquartile range 23-41%) in primary care settings (10 studies) and 65% (37-81%) in secondary care settings (11 studies). The median negative likelihood ratio was similar across electrocardiographic indexes, ranging from 0.85 (range 0.34-1.03) for the Romhilt-Estes score (with threshold ≥4 points) to 0.91 (0.70-1.01) for the Gubner index. Using the Romhilt-Estes score in primary care, a negative electrocardiogram result would reduce the typical pre-test probability from 33% to 31%. In secondary care the typical pre-test probability of 65% would be reduced to 63%. <b>Conclusion</b> Electrocardiographic criteria should not be used to rule out left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.
Incidental Detection of an Autonomous Nodule in a Retrosternal Goiter on F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Evis Sala, Richard Coulden, Martin Goddard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a very effective imaging modality in diagnosis, staging, and monitoring for a variety of malignant conditions. A detailed knowledge of normal physiologic and benign pathologic FDG uptake is, however, vital in the correct interpretation of PET images. The authors describe a case of focal accumulation of FDG in a multinodular goiter with retrosternal extension in a patient who underwent PET imaging for staging sigmoid carcinoma. The final diagnosis was reached by CT-guided biopsy followed by thyroidectomy.
GRAVE DIABETES MELLITUS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS FOLLOWING MUMPS
Authors: F. B. Gilhespy, H. S. Holden
Journal: BMJ (1917)

DIABETES FOLLOWING MUMPS.I JA h-ad received a routine injection of antitetanus serum after being wounded, tlhoughl thlis was overlooked at the time.The most striking points about the cases are the rapidity witlh whiclh the plhenomena followed tlle injection of serum and the occurrence of severe pain in the chest as one of the first symptoms.Overfilling of the riglht side of the heart, such as might be caused by the too rapid injection of fluid into a vein, will produce precordiul dis- comfort rather than pain.In Cases ii and iii the injection was not unduly rapid, and in Case i, from a mechanical point of view, the amount of fluid which entered the vein was negligible.
Acceptance into medical school and racial discrimination
Authors: A. Esmail, P. Nelson, D. Primarolo, T. Toma
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Splenosis is the heterotopic implantation of splenic tissue that usually occurs in a previous major abdominal trauma or splenectomy setting. However, splenorenal fusion is an uncommon entity, categorised as a developmental anomaly. There have been several confirmed cases in the literature. Despite some helpful imaging features, it can be easily misdiagnosed as a neoplastic renal mass, resulting in unnecessary nephrectomy. Here we presented a case of splenorenal fusion in an elderly female patient, which was initially misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma in sonography. More specific imaging modalities and biopsy are helpful in suggesting the correct diagnosis.
Double-blind trial of naproxen and phenylbutazone in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: F Van Gerwen, J.K Van der Korst, F.W Gribnau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

In a double-blind double-placebo crossover study naproxen (500-750 mg daily) was found to be equivalent to phenylbutazone (400-600 mg daily) in the control of disease activity in 20 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis during a two times 5-week trial period. No serious side effects were observed during the trial period. Gastric complaints occurred twice as often under phenylbutazone as under naproxen.
Abstract P2-01-06: How much agreement can we expect on BI-RADS mammographic findings? Observer agreement among 10 expert mammographers
Authors: DJ Wisner, S Feig, B Joe, J Hargreaves, H Ojeda-Fournier, L Bassett, S Aminololama-Shakeri, JQ DeGuzman, CI Flowers, JE Campbell, S Elson, H Retallack, C Wells
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the agreement between expert readers on mammographic findings and calcification patterns. Materials and Methods: Ten academic radiologists from 5 centers reviewed 250 de-identified mammographic cases without prior exams which were previously assessed as BI-RADS 4 or 5 with subsequent pathologic diagnosis by percutaneous or surgical biopsy. For benign cases diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy, 1 year of benign or negative imaging follow-up was required. Using standardized forms, each radiologist assessed the presence of any suspicious mammographic findings (microcalcifications, asymmetry (1-vew), focal asymmetry (2-view), architectural distortion), and the morphology (none, round/punctate, amorphous, coarse heterogeneous, fine pleomorphic, fine linear branching) and distribution (none, diffuse, regional, grouped, linear, segmental) of any identified microcalcifications. Agreement between radiologists for presence/absence of findings, morphology, and distribution of calcifications was determined by calculating the Kappa (k) coefficient with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The kappa coefficient proposed strength of agreement is ≤0 = poor, .01-.20 = slight, .21-.40 = fair, .41-.60 = moderate, .61-.80 = substantial, and .81-1 = almost perfect, as established by Landis and Koch.1 Results: Of the 250 lesions, 156 (62%) were benign and 94 (38%) malignant. Agreement among the 10 expert readers was strongest for recognizing the presence/absence of calcifications (k = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.80-84), “almost perfect”). There was substantial agreement among the readers for the identification of a mass (k = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.66-69), whereas agreement was fair for the presence of a focal (2-view) asymmetry (k = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.1900.23) or architectural distortion (k = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.26-0.30). Agreement for asymmetries (1-view) was slight (k = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.08-0.11). Among the 6 categories of microcalcification distribution and morphology, reader agreement was moderate (distribution k = 0.60, 95%CI:0.59-0.61; morphology k = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.50-0.52). Conclusion: When asked to characterize suspicious mammographic findings, this sampling of 10 expert academic breast imagers across 5 centers revealed varying strength of agreement for different findings, ranging from slight to almost perfect. Strongest agreement (“almost perfect”) was found for identifying the presence or absence of microcalcifications, although agreement drops to moderate when readers are asked to specify microcalcification morphology and distribution. 1 Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics.1977;33:159-174. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-01-06.
Role of membrane microdomains in PTH-mediated down-regulation of NaPi-IIa in opossum kidney cells
Authors: Kunitaka Nashiki, Yutaka Taketani, Tomoko Takeichi, Naoki Sawada, Hironori Yamamoto, Masako Ichikawa, Hidekazu Arai, Ken-Ichi Miyamoto, Eiji Takeda
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: Incidence, its predictive factors and impact on the prognosis
Authors: Tushar Raut, Ravindra Kumar Garg, Amita Jain, Rajesh Verma, Maneesh Kumar Singh, Hardeep Singh Malhotra, Neera Kohli, Anit Parihar
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
OC-098 How commonly is gastric cancer missed at endoscopy: a UK primary care based study
Authors: S Menon, A Dhar, J Hoare, N Trudgill
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Meta-analysis of published single hospital series including 1977 subjects suggests that 14% of gastric cancer (GC) subjects have had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (OGD) up to 3 years previously that failed to diagnose their GC (50% in the 12 months before diagnosis and 50% 1–3 years before diagnosis). <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with GC in the THIN general practice database covering 5 million UK subjects were examined. A nested case-control study was performed with cases subjects who underwent OGD 1–5 years prior to their OGD that diagnosed GC and controls subjects who did not undergo OGD 1–5 years prior to their diagnostic OGD. <h3>Results</h3> 5473 GC were available for analysis (3402 males (62%), mean age 71 years), with follow-up of 46 779 subject years. 169 (3.1%, 98 males (58%), mean age 71 years) had an OGD which failed to diagnose GC between 1 and 5 years prior to diagnosis of GC, out of whom 128 (2.3%) had OGD between 1 and 3 years before and 41 (0.7%) had an OGD between 3 and 5 years before diagnosis. There were 56 primary care consultations with symptoms pertaining to oesophago-gastric cancer between 1 and 5 years prior to diagnosis of GC (dyspepsia (n) 51, anaemia 9, weight loss 12, dysphagia 3), of which all underwent OGD. No subject who had an OGD that did not diagnose cancer was on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in the year prior to OGD and 49 (0.9%) of subjects were on PPI therapy in the year prior to being diagnosed with GC. Logistic regression analysis of subjects who had an OGD that failed to diagnose cancer and those that did not, failed to identify any specific predictive factors (age 1.0 (0.99–1.01), p=0.99), sex 0.84 (0.61–1.14), p=0.26), related to an OGD that failed to diagnose GC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Missing GC at OGD is, reassuringly, less than half as common as previous much smaller studies in secondary care have suggested. PPI therapy does not contribute to missing GC at OGD. Advances in endoscopy and selection bias in previous studies may account for these differences. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Pre-erythrocytic Stage of Plasmodium Falciparum
Authors: H. E. Shortt, N. H. Fairley, G. Covell, P. G. Shute, P. C. C. Garnham
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Problems connected with the proposal to supplement alcoholic beverages and saccharine aerated water (" soft drinks ") with choline or its precursors are mentioned.Our findings are, of course, not necessarily applicable to alcoholism in human subjects.If they should prove to be so, it is increasingly obvious that individuals who habitually con- sume large amounts of alcohol or sugar lack adequate amounts of the lipotropic agents as well as of other dietary essentials.The classical hepatic lesions (fatty changes and fibrosis) associ- ated with alcoholism in human subjects, the first descriptions of which are rfientioned in our introduction, may prove to be due specifically to a lack of the lipotropic agents.
Mucosal changes in a long-term bovine intestinal segment model following removal of ingesta and microflora
Authors: Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath, Patrick Fries, Susantha Gomis, Chris Bell, Kimberley Doig, Le Luo Guan, Andrew Potter, Scott Napper, Philip J. Griebel
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

The intestinal immune system influences responses to both enteric pathogens and commensal microflora but few models are available to analyze mucosal immune responses to either enteric pathogens or commensal microflora. We surgically isolated ileal segments in 2-3 week old calves, infused antibiotics, and subdivided each segment into three compartments. Following a 6-8 week period the isolated ileal segments appeared grossly normal in 4 of 5 calves, retained compartmentalization, and contents were culture positive for either Enterococcus spp. or Escherichia coli. In a second experiment, isolated ileal segments were examined following a 9-11 month period and appeared grossly normal with compartmentalization retained in 8 of 11 animals. Streptococcus spp or Escherichia coli were cultured from segment contents collected from 3 of these 8 animals. Histology revealed a marked reduction in villus height in isolated ileal segments despite sustained crypt epithelium proliferation. Lymphoid follicles in ileal Peyer's patches were reduced in size but remained sites of active lymphoproliferation within segments. Significant mucosal T cell, macrophage, and dendritic cell depletion was observed in isolated ileal segments and T cell and NK cell depletion increased significantly in the absence of culturable bacteria. Finally, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression was decreased but TLR-5 and -6 expression increased in ileal segments. Thus, isolated ileal segments remained relatively stable for prolonged periods and significant changes in mucosal leukocyte populations were correlated with the presence or absence of culturable microflora. Stable, as opposed to sterile, isolated ileal segments provide an opportunity to analyze bovine mucosal immune responses in the presence or absence of commensal microflora.
The Effects of Plasma Insulin and Glucose on Myocardial Blood Flow in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Muthayyah Srinivasan, Pilar Herrero, Janet B. McGill, Jasper Bennik, Bastiaan Heere, Donna Lesniak, Victor G. Davila-Roman, Robert J. Gropler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists
Authors: Thomas S. Metkus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters4 December 2007The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General InternistsThomas S. Metkus, BSThomas S. Metkus, BSFrom University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2646.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Wigton and Alguire (1) report an interesting and important survey of general internists. Their results suggest that, compared with the results of a survey performed in 1986, internists are performing a lower volume of a less diverse array of procedures (1). The authors do not, however, address the potential for nonresponse bias in their study. Nonresponse bias occurs when nonrespondents differ in some way from respondents. A high response rate alone does not eliminate this bias (2).The authors report that nonrespondents and respondents were of similar age and sex, but they do not comment on the ...References1. Wigton RS, Alguire P. The declining number and variety of procedures done by general internists: a resurvey of members of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:355-60. [PMID: 17339620] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Barclay S, Todd C, Finlay I, Grande G, Wyatt P. Not another questionnaire! Maximizing the response rate, predicting non-response and assessing non-response bias in postal questionnaire studies of GPs. Fam Pract. 2002;19:105-11. [PMID: 11818359] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas S. Metkus, BSAffiliations: From University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2646.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists: A Resurvey of Members of the American College of Physicians Robert S. Wigton and Patrick Alguire The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Robert S. Wigton and Patrick Alguire The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Jeanne M. Farnan and Vineet M. Arora The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Join Y. Luh and Bernard M. Karnath The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists Michael A. LaCombe Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 815KeywordsConflicts of interest ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Weekend Admissions and Increased Risk for Mortality: Less Urgent Treatments Only?
Authors: Roberto Manfredini, Fabio Manfredini, Raffaella Salmi, Massimo Gallerani
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Comparison of hepatic peroxisome proliferative effect and its implication for hepatocarcinogenicity of phthalate esters, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate with a hypolipidemic drug.
Authors: J K Reddy, M K Reddy, M I Usman, N D Lalwani, M S Rao
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Peroxisome proliferation is inducible in hepatocytes of rodent and nonrodent species by structurally dissimilar hypolipidemic drugs and certain phthalate ester plasticizers. The induction of peroxisome proliferation appears to be a tissue specific response limited largely to the hepatocyte. Peroxisome proliferation is associated with increases in the activity of the H2O2-generating peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system and in the amount of peroxisome proliferation-associated 80,000 MW polypeptide (PPA-80). Chronic administration of these non-DNA damaging and nonmutagenic peroxisome proliferators to rats and mice results in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Comparative morphometric and biochemical data from rats treated with varying dose levels of ciprofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, the widely used plasticizers, indicate that the hepatocarcinogenic potency of these agents is correlatable with their ability to induce peroxisome proliferation, peroxisomal beta-oxidation and PPA-80. Available evidence strongly favors the role of peroxisome proliferation-associated oxidative stress in the induction of liver tumors by peroxisome proliferators.
Normal lymphocyte transfer and lymphocyte stimulation as practical histocompatibility tests.
Authors: G. J. Johnson, P. S. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1967)

This report summarizes some experience with the practical application of the normal lymphocyte transfer test (Brent and Medawar, 1963; Gray and Russell, 1963) and the in-vitro lymphocyte stimulation test (Bain et al., 1964; Bach and Hirschhorn, 1964) to the problems of selecting human donors for kidney allografts.It also compares the results obtained by the two tests in test selection from 10 panels of potential donors.
DNR orders and medical futility
Authors: R. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —It is not surprising that residents should have poor skills in areas where they have received no training. Studies on the delivery of bad news, obtaining informed consent, taking a sexual history, discussing end-of-life issues, and now of determining futility indicate that many of these tasks are performed poorly. 1 All require high-order communication skills, emotional maturity, capacity for accurate empathy, and time. These skills are difficult to cultivate and require practice, experience, and active critique.  If these complex skills are important, employed often, and involve major life-and-death decisions, why is there so little time in medical education devoted to the cultivation of advanced communication skills? In addition to developing ethical arguments for criteria for medical futility, we must train students and residents in these communication skills. Otherwise, abstract reasoning will take the place of care that respects the values of the person who is receiving it.