tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Orthostatic Syncope in Pargyline Therapy
Authors: Robert M. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1964)

AS NEWER and more potent hypotensive agents become available we may expect to see iatrogenic orthostatic hypotension more frequently. This is particularly true with potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This side effect causes serious disability in the recipients. The following brief case reports illustrate this side effect in the course of therapy with a new nonhydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline hydrochloride. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 57-year-old white normotensive female with involutional depression, insomnia, and crying spells was placed on 25 mg of pargyline hydrochloride daily as part of a clinical evaluation of its effectiveness in depression. After two weeks of therapy the patient noted some slight improvement in her mood, but during the night had to get up to urinate. She walked to the bathroom, where, with no subjective warning, she fell to the floor, striking the side of her head. She does not remember if she lost consciousness.
CONTACT DERMATITIS VIII
Authors: Niels Hjorth, D. S. Wilkinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article CONTACT DERMATITIS VIII Get access Niels Hjorth, Niels Hjorth Finsen Institute, Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. S. Wilkinson D. S. Wilkinson Amersham, Buckinghamshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 10, 1 October 1969, Pages 796–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15945.x Published: 01 October 1969
Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase deficiency and hemolytic anemia inherited as a dominant trait
Authors: Jeanne Etiemble, Christiane Picat, Didier Dhermy, Hélène A. Buc, M. Morin, Pierre Boivin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract A nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, associated with a pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency apparently inherited as a dominant trait has been identified in a family. In the affected members, the residual PK activities were 20% that of normal controls, an unusually low level for heterozygous subjects. The anemia was mild except in the proband, a 2‐year‐old boy who suffered from a severe anemia. The PKs of the proband and of his both parents have been characterized as kinetically and electrophoretically normal enzymes. Immunoprecipitation tests indicated a large amount of L‐type inactive protein in the proband and his father. Moreover, an M 2 type PK was present in the father's hemolysate, suggesting the existence of a compensatory process that derepressed the corresponding structural gene. We suggest that the presence of one or more mutated subunits in the tetrameric forms of L‐type PK leads to the inactivation of these tetramers. This hypothesis accounts for the low residual activity in affected heterozygous members of this family. The severity of the hematological symptoms in the proband, in comparison with the mild hemolysis observed in the other heterozygous members of the family points to the existence of a large spectrum of pathologic expression for an identical PK defect present in a family.
Epithelial tissue-type plasminogen activator expression, unlike that of urokinase, its receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, is increased in chronic venous ulcers
Authors: M. WECKROTH, A. VAHERI, S. VIROLAINEN, U. SAARIALHO-KERE, T. JAHKOLA, V. SIREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

The plasminogen activation system represents a potent mechanism of extracellular proteolysis and is an essential component of normal wound healing. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic, nonhealing ulcers. Traditionally, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been associated with pericellular proteolytic activity involved in tissue remodelling processes, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) mainly with intravascular fibrinolysis.The present study was conducted to characterize the spatial distribution of the various plasminogen activation system components in chronic ulcers and acute, well-granulating wounds.The expression of uPA, tPA, urokinase receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and vitronectin was investigated by immunohistochemical staining, in addition to uPA, tPA and PAI-1 expression by in-situ hybridization, in samples from eight chronic venous ulcers, five decubitus ulcers, five well-granulating acute wounds and five normal skin samples.In chronic venous leg ulcers tPA mRNA was detected in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes at the leading wound edge, while in well-granulating wounds and in decubitus ulcers tPA mRNA was expressed only in a few keratinocytes. However, tPA was widely expressed in fibroblast- and macrophage-like cells in the stroma of well-granulating wounds, while less tPA was detected in the granulation tissue of chronic ulcers. tPA mRNA and protein were localized in the superficial granular layers in normal skin. Although no qualitative differences in expression of uPA, PAI-1 or uPAR in the wound edge keratinocytes in chronic ulcers vs. normally granulating wounds were found, their expressions were more pronounced in the granulation tissue of well-granulating wounds.These results suggest that in poorly healing venous leg ulcers, the pattern of tPA expression is altered in keratinocytes at the leading edge of the wound, and the patterns of tPA, uPA and PAI-1 expression are altered in the granulation tissue.
Identification and definition of long-stay mental hospital population.
Authors: E Fottrell, R Peermohamed, R Kothari
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a study to identify and define a central group of long-stay psychiatric patients who are resistant to discharge 422 were found who had been in hospital for eight to 23 years. These "problem" patients represented 40% of all long-stay patients. The total number of years that they had spent in hospital was nearly double that of the remaining patients. They were mostly unvisited, unoccupied, and single, and most were suffering from schizophrenia or organic psychosis. Half were in a good or reasonably good state of mental health, and three-quarters were in a good or reasonably good state of physical health. The findings have implications for the rehabilitation and treatment of these patients and also for the provision of community aftercare facilities.
Extracorporeal Circulation as an Adjunct to Resuscitation of the Heart
Authors: William L. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE NUMBER OF persons who can be resuscitated following cardiac arrest during operations on the heart has progressively increased with the use of direct cardiac massage, electrical defibrillation of the heart, and the judicious use of intracardiac drugs. However, there remains a number of patients whose hearts cannot be restarted despite the fact that their neurological and physiological status is compatible with survival. The refractory nature of these cases of cardiac arrest is presumably due to the fact that cardiac massage does not produce sufficient arterial blood pressure and coronary circulation to permit recovery of myocardial function.<sup>1,2</sup>The sustained use of extracorporeal circulation to increase coronary perfusion in such circumstances offers a means of resuscitating these patients. This report is concerned with five cases of intractable cardiac arrest in which prolonged periods of cardiac massage with the administration of drugs and the use of electric shock were ineffective in
Antiviral Resistance in Influenza Viruses — Implications for Management and Pandemic Response
Authors: Frederick G. Hayden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Resistance to amantadine has been detected at an extraordinarily high frequency in isolates of influenza A virus. Dr. Frederick Hayden discusses the implications of resistance to antiviral agents for the current clinical management of influenza and for planning for a possible pandemic.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Associated With Risk of Progression From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wei Bao, Deirdre K. Tobias, Katherine Bowers, Jorge Chavarro, Allan Vaag, Louise Groth Grunnet, Marin Strøm, James Mills, Aiyi Liu, Michele Kiely, Cuilin Zhang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at substantially increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The identification of important modifiable factors could help prevent T2DM in this high-risk population.
Treatment of tinea imbricata: a randomized clinical trial using griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole
Authors: A.B. Wingfield, A.C. Fernandez-Obregon, F.S. Wignall, D.L. Greer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of treatment for tinea imbricata (TI) for decades; however, there have been few reports of efficacy of newer antifungals in the treatment of this condition. Many patients with TI have several obstacles to treatment due to their remote geographical locations and the primitive nature of their societies. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of itraconazole, terbinafine and fluconazole with that of griseofulvin after 4 weeks of therapy. Methods Patients aged 12–76 years with the clinical diagnosis of TI were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: griseofulvin 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, terbinafine 250 mg daily for 4 weeks, itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 week or fluconazole 200 mg once weekly for 4 weeks. Disease activity was monitored weekly. Laboratory measurements included monitoring complete blood count and liver function enzymes. Fifty-nine patients were included in the efficacy analysis: 13 in the fluconazole group, 15 in the griseofulvin group, 12 in the terbinafine group and 19 in the itraconazole group. Results Significant remission was achieved in the terbinafine and griseofulvin groups, lasting up to 8 weeks after cessation of therapy. The fluconazole group experienced no significant remission, and remission was of short duration in the itraconazole group. No adverse events were reported, and non-compliance with medications or follow-up was the only reason for removal from the study. Conclusions Griseofulvin and terbinafine are effective in the treatment of TI. The decision of whether to treat at all and which medication to choose depends greatly on the extent of involvement, the social situation, and the availability of resources such as laboratory testing and follow-up.
Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism presenting as dementia.
Authors: D Eraut
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The severe side effects reported by others-for ex-ample, peripheral neuropathy and psychosis-were not seen in our patients.This could theoretically have been because of the reduced chloroform content of the mix-ture.Previous reports, however, were published before t-he current analytical tech- niques for detecting the presence of various drugs in the urine were available and ift may well be that the patients in pre- viously reported cases of chlorodyne abuse were taking other drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, or alcohol without investigator knowing.The question arises whether chlorodyne dependence is a widespread urban problem.The manufac- turers claim to sell 1lm bottles a year (equivalent to 90 kg of morphine) and a Glasgow pharmacist was recently struck off the Register for overselling chlorodyne (Finer, 1973).The proportion of the total amount of ithe drug manufactured which is used in bona fide therapeutics is unknown but our evidence suggests that abuse is conunoer than has been suspected.Probably only a small proportion of chlorodynedependent people reach medical supervision. ConclusionsChlorodyne dependence affects the young as well as the middle-aged and its extent has been underestimated.Doctors and pharmacists need alerting to this problem.The prognosis in terms of giving-up ithe drug seems to be very poor and further work needs to be done to establish a satisfactory withdrawal regimen.In the light of our findings we recommend placing the supply of chlorodyne under some form of control.
Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamic Effects of MGCD0103 from Preclinical Models to Human Using a Novel HDAC Enzyme Assay
Authors: Claire Bonfils, Ann Kalita, Marja Dubay, Lillian L. Siu, Michael A. Carducci, Gregory Reid, Robert E. Martell, Jeffrey M. Besterman, Zuomei Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The pharmacodynamic properties of MGCD0103, an isotype-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), were evaluated in preclinical models and patients with a novel whole-cell HDAC enzyme assay. Experimental Design: Boc-Lys(ε-Ac)-AMC, a HDAC substrate with fluorescent readout, was found to be cell permeable and was used to monitor MGCD0103-mediated HDAC inhibition in cultured cancer cells in vitro, in peripheral WBC ex vivo, in mice in vivo, and in human patients. Results: MGCD0103 inhibited HDAC activity in several human cancer cell lines in vitro and in human peripheral WBC ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, the HDAC inhibitory activity of MGCD0103 was time dependent and sustained for at least 24 hours following drug removal in peripheral WBC ex vivo. Inhibitory activity of MGCD0103 was sustained for at least 8 hours in vivo in mice and 48 hours in patients with solid tumors. HDAC inhibitory activity of MGCD0103 in peripheral WBC correlated with induction of histone acetylation in blood and in implanted tumors in mice. In cancer patients, sustained pharmacodynamic effect of MGCD0103 was visualized only by dose-dependent enzyme inhibition in peripheral WBC but not by histone acetylation analysis. Conclusions: This study shows that MGCD0103 has sustained pharmacodynamic effects that can be monitored both in vitro and in vivo with a cell-based HDAC enzyme assay.
Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation from Medical Imaging Procedures
Authors: Reza Fazel, Harlan M. Krumholz, Yongfei Wang, Joseph S. Ross, Jersey Chen, Henry H. Ting, Nilay D. Shah, Khurram Nasir, Andrew J. Einstein, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The growing use of imaging procedures in the United States has raised concerns about exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation in the general population.We identified 952,420 nonelderly adults (between 18 and 64 years of age) in five health care markets across the United States between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. Utilization data were used to estimate cumulative effective doses of radiation from imaging procedures and to calculate population-based rates of exposure, with annual effective doses defined as low (< or = 3 mSv), moderate (> 3 to 20 mSv), high (> 20 to 50 mSv), or very high (> 50 mSv).During the study period, 655,613 enrollees (68.8%) underwent at least one imaging procedure associated with radiation exposure. The mean (+/-SD) cumulative effective dose from imaging procedures was 2.4+/-6.0 mSv per enrollee per year; however, a wide distribution was noted, with a median effective dose of 0.1 mSv per enrollee per year (interquartile range, 0.0 to 1.7). Overall, moderate effective doses of radiation were incurred in 193.8 enrollees per 1000 per year, whereas high and very high doses were incurred in 18.6 and 1.9 enrollees per 1000 per year, respectively. In general, cumulative effective doses of radiation from imaging procedures increased with advancing age and were higher in women than in men. Computed tomographic and nuclear imaging accounted for 75.4% of the cumulative effective dose, with 81.8% of the total administered in outpatient settings.Imaging procedures are an important source of exposure to ionizing radiation in the United States and can result in high cumulative effective doses of radiation.
Natural History of Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: JEROME LIEBMAN, LAWRENCE CULLUM, NEDRA B. BELLOC
Journal: Circulation (1969)

The natural history of transposition of the great arteries between 1957 and 1964 is presented based on a total of 742 cases. The area of study was the State of California and included 290 cases from 14 selected hospital centers. It is clear that in this era of more successful surgery, no such study will ever again be possible. Of major importance has been a compilation of a life table so that present day cardiologists and surgeons, when evaluating whether surgery should be undertaken in a particular patient, can weigh the risk of the operative procedure against the expected number of years of life remaining if surgery is not done. For the whole group the age of death was as follows: by 1 week, 28.7%; by 1 month, 51.6%; and by 1 year, 89.3%. The average life expectancy at birth was 0.65 years; at 1 week of age, 0.87 years; at 1 month, 1.12 years; and at 1 year, 3.92 years. Associated lesions had a marked effect on prognosis. The life tables presented tell a more complete story, and the pertinent data are presented in detail. (See longer summary at end of paper for further information.)
Mississippi voters decide fertilised eggs are not people
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Voters in Mississippi have rejected an amendment to the state constitution that would have defined a fertilised egg as a person. The amendment would have outlawed abortion, many forms of contraception, stem cell research, cast doubt on in vitro fertilisation, and challenged the legality of abortion in the United States.

On 8 November the Clarion-Ledger in Jackson, the state capital, reported that with 92% of voting districts reporting, the vote was 59% against the proposed amendment and 41% in favour.

The Mississippi vote was a widely watched attempt by abortion opponents …
Hepatoma and Peliosis Hepatis Developing in a Patient with Fanconi's Anemia
Authors: Monte S. Bernstein, Robert L. Hunter, Stanley Yachnin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Fanconi's anemia is a rare genetic disorder associated with congenital deformities, infections, chromosomal abnormalities, and leukemia. This brief article describes the case of a 20 year old man affected with the disease, who was given 100 mg daily of oxymetholone to cure leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. 10 months later he died of hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed hepatoma and liver peliosis, a rare condition of unknown etiology characterized by blood-filled cysts in the liver. It is possible that in the case reported here the hepatoma could have been related to the oxymetholone treatment, which conceivably could have initiated hepatic damage.
A piece of my mind. Thirty years later
Authors: N. C. Wark
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Usefulness of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assay in the Assessment of Symptomatic State in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Venkatakrishna N. Tholakanahalli, Andrey G. Zenovich, Susan A. Casey, Daniel Duprez, Dorothee M. Aeppli, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a diverse clinical spectrum that often includes progressive heart failure symptoms and disability. Assessment of symptom severity may be highly subjective, encumbered by the heterogeneous clinical presentation. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been used widely as an objective marker for heart failure severity and outcome, predominantly in coronary heart disease with ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. Methods and Results— We prospectively assessed plasma BNP as a quantitative clinical marker of heart failure severity in 107 consecutive HCM patients. BNP showed a statistically significant relationship to magnitude of functional limitation, assessed by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class: I, 136±159 pg/mL; II, 338±439 pg/mL; and III/IV, 481±334 pg/mL ( P &lt;0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that BNP was independently related to NYHA class as well as age and left ventricular wall thickness (each with a value of P =0.0001). BNP ≥200 pg/mL was the most reliable predictor of heart failure symptoms, with positive and negative predictive values of 63% and 79%, respectively. BNP power in distinguishing patients with or without heart failure symptoms was less than that for differentiating between no (or only mild) and severe symptoms (area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.75 and 0.83, respectively). Conclusions— Plasma BNP is independently related to the presence and magnitude of heart failure symptoms in patients with HCM. As a clinical marker for heart failure, BNP is limited by considerable overlap in values between categories of heart failure severity as well as confounding variables of left ventricular wall thickness and age.
Myocardial Carbohydrate Metabolism in Normal Dogs, with Effects of Hyperglycemia and Starvation
Authors: WALTER T. GOODALE, DONALD B. HACKEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1953)

Myocardial metabolism of Nembutalized normal intact dogs was studied with the aid of the coronary sinus catheterization technic. Oxygen, glucose, lactate and pyruvate were extracted by the heart in direct relation to the arterial level of each substance, independently of the others. Pyruvate and lactate showed a high myocarcdial extraction coefficient, but the normal low arterial levels at rest prevented them from together accounting for more than 50 per cent of the total myocardial energy requirements. Glucose was not utilized below a mean threshold of 54 mg. per cent, but with normal arterial levels of 70 to 120 mg. per cent, glucose extraction was sufficient to provide the major potential source of fuel for myocardial oxidative energy. During starvation, the heart probably derived its energy from fat, as indicated by a myocardial respiratory quotient near 0.70, and a low myocardial carbohydrate extraction.
Production of Malarial Antibody
Authors: Sanford F. Kuvin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

AT THE PRESENT TIME there is no accepted serological test which is adaptable to routine use in the investigation of the production of antibody in malarial infections. Attempts in the past to obtain specific complement-fixation and precipitation reactions with sera from patients infected with malaria have met with limited success.<sup>1,2</sup> The fluorescent-antibody technique has been successfully used in the specific staining of malarial parasites,<sup>3,4</sup>and our investigations were undertaken using the indirect method of immunofluorescence<sup>5</sup>to follow the course of production of antibody in normal volunteers infected by<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>and the simian parasite, the B strain of<i>P cynomolgi</i>. The suggestion that a humoral element of malarial immunity is produced in natural infections and is gamma globulin has been expressed by several investigators.<sup>6-9</sup>We were therefore also interested in determining whether any relationship exists between changes in serum gamma globulin and the production of