tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Mammalian Medical Center for the 21st Century
Authors: Howard Brody, Harvey V. Sparks, William S. Abbett, Douglas L. Wood, William C. Wadland, Robert C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FOR MANY years, supporters of primary care have been frustrated by the peripheral role assigned them within the institutions that teach tomorrow's physicians and conduct the bulk of medical research. They have tried to deal with this frustration by trying harder to persuade or exhort the academic power stucture about the importance and legitimacy of primary care medicine as an academic discipline.<sup>1-4</sup>But primary care advocates have usually failed to draw an alternative conclusion: that the academic medical center, as now constituted, may simply be irrelevant to their agenda and that the rejection of primary care is simply one symptom of that irrelevance.<sup>5</sup> The newly announced policy position of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), calling for medical schools to move rapidly to train at least half of their graduates for careers in primary care, may seem to be an appropriate, if overdue, recognition of what primary
Corrigendum to “Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Display on Baculovirus Envelope: Cytoplasmic Domain Affects Virus Properties and Vaccine Potential”
Authors: Ding-Gang Yang, Yao-Chi Chung, Yiu-Kay Lai, Chia-Wei Lai, Hung-Jen Liu, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy (2007) 15(5): 989-996. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300131 After the publication of this article, the authors indicated that Dr. Hung-Jen Liu should be included as the second corresponding author. His contact information is: Department of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Sheufu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan
Delayed effects of early infarct-limiting therapies on healing after myocardial infarction.
Authors: B I Jugdutt
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effect of early infarct-limiting therapy on the hydroxypyroline (OHP, a marker of collagen) content and topography of 7-day-old infarcts was studied in 76 conscious dogs (69 ligated; seven sham operated). Two hours after their left anterior descending coronary arteries were occluded, 69 dogs were randomly assigned to receive 6 hr intravenous infusions of saline (controls; n = 29), low-dose nitroglycerin (NG; n = 13), prostacyclin (PGI2; n = 14), or ibuprofen (IBU; n = 13). Regional OHP (mg/g dry weight) was measured by spectrophotometry, and size of infarction and topography were determined by computerized planimetry. Infarct size was less in the NG, PGI2, and IBU groups compared with that in the saline group, both when measured as a percent of the arteriographic occluded bed (p less than .001) and as a percent of the left ventricle (p less than .005). For each treatment group (1) the level of OHP was higher (p less than .001) in the region of infarction (saline group, 9.9 +/- 0.7 mg/g; NG group, 14.9 +/- 1.9 mg/g; PGI2 group, 12.9 +/- 0.9 mg/g; IBU group, 10.6 +/- 1.4 mg/g) than in normal zones (4.4 +/- 0.2 mg/g), with more (p less than .05) OHP in border than center regions, and (2) the total OHP in the infarct zone was linearly related to size of infarction as a percent of the left ventricle (r = .89 to .94). However, the slopes of regressions for the NG, PGI2, and IBU groups were greater (p less than .001) than the slope for the saline group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Torture of adults and children detained in Afghan conflict is widespread, finds UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

People detained on conflict related charges in facilities run by the Afghan intelligence service and national police, including a number of children, have been tortured and denied medical care, says a report.

The report, released in Kabul, follows an investigation by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights that included extensive interviews conducted between October 2010 and August 2011 with 379 detainees at 47 facilities. 

The investigation found “compelling evidence” that 125 of the 273 detainees held by the intelligence service, the National Directorate of Security, experienced torture and that 41 of …
Abstract P3-04-08: Epigenetic Changes Due to DNA Methylation in CpG Islands during Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: N Dimitrova, A Gorthi, SK Prasada, S Chakrabarty, P Keswarpu, N Banerjee, A Janevski, PH Kiradi, S Khandige, K. Satyamoorthy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA methylation has been associated with several key events of gene regulation and to human cancer. It is not yet known how the epigenome of various populations is associated with clinical manifestations during the course of the disease. In this poster we describe a method for stratifying breast cancer patients from Indian origin using CpG island microarray from the University Healthcare Network (UHN) Toronto (human CpG island 12k microarray chip, HCGI12K). DNA samples were obtained from a prospective study cohort which consisted of 51 female primary breast cancers. All patients had been undergoing treatment in a tertiary care hospital and its associated centers in the southern part of India between 2007 and 2009. We have identified and classified the DNA methylation in CpG islands of patient samples using various clinical parameters such as age of disease onset, menopausal status, hormone receptor status and Her2 status. We present the methods to analyze the data from UHN CpG island arrays used in a high throughput methylation study in order to derive decision rules of stratifying the data into basic classes such as normal and benign conditions, and infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Results will be presented pertaining to differential methylation status of patients in different categories such as age of disease onset, menopausal status, hormone receptor status and Her2 status. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-08.
Expression of X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes metastasis and tumor recurrence
Authors: Ying‐Hong Shi, Wen‐Xing Ding, Jian Zhou, Jun‐Yi He, Yang Xu, Andrea A. Gambotto, Hannah Rabinowich, Jia Fan, Xiao‐Ming Yin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Despite significantly improved diagnosis and treatment in recent years, the long-term therapeutic effect is compromised by the frequent recurrence and metastasis, of which the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Our initial studies in established HCC cell lines with different metastatic capabilities indicated a correlation of metastasis with the resistance to apoptosis and therefore the ability to survive in stressed conditions. Subsequent investigation revealed that increased expression of X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) was correlated with the resistance to apoptosis and enhanced invasiveness in vitro, which could contribute to increased metastatic foci in vivo. Furthermore, we found that nearly 90% of clinical samples from advanced HCC patients expressed high levels of XIAP. Patients with XIAP-positive tumors had a significantly increased risk of relapse, which resulted from metastasis after total liver resection and orthotopic liver transplantation. Indeed, XIAP expression could be an independent prognostic factor for predicting disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate of these patients. XIAP expression was also highly correlated with advanced cases that exceeded the Milan criteria and could be a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in these patients as well.Our studies have shown an important molecule in controlling HCC metastasis, defined a biomarker that can be used to predict HCC recurrence and patient survival after treatment, and suggest that XIAP can be a molecular target subject to intervention to reduce metastasis and recurrence.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for ARDS in Adults
Authors: Daniel Brodie, Matthew Bacchetta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 41-year-old woman presents with severe pneumonia, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops. Despite mechanical ventilation, her oxygenation deteriorates. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is recommended.
Collision With Spring-Loaded Football Tackling and Blocking Dummies
Authors: Joseph S. Torg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

APPROXIMATELY 1,200,000 individuals participate in organized tackle football in this country each fall. Recent reports place the incidence of time-loss injury from this vigorous contact sport at 50% to 86% of the population at risk per season.<sup>1,2</sup>Fatality rates have averaged two per 100,000 participants per year for direct causes over a 43-year period.<sup>3</sup>Of the fatalities due to direct causes, the overwhelming majority have been due to head and neck injuries. Schneider<sup>4</sup>has described a variety of mechanisms responsible for near-fatal and fatal head and neck injuries. These include knee-to-head injuries, tackling by face mask, hyperflexion injuries secondary to spearing and buttblocking, and hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine due to the levering effect of the face mask. The purpose of this communication is to describe a cause of near-fatal and fatal head and neck injury, to our knowledge previously unreported: collision with spring-loaded blocking and
The Hypertensive Patient
Authors: Robert F. Maronde
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ACTUARIAL data cannot be used to predict the morbidity and mortality of individual patients with uncomplicated hypertension. As physicians, our decisions are based on statistical probabilities for<i>groups</i>of patients. A diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg is associated with an increase in mortality of two to three times the normal (Fig 1). This diastolic level is selected arbitrarily as being "hypertensive." A decrease in mortality from hypertension has been demonstrated since the advent of drug therapy (Fig 2); results of controlled studies have also established a decrease in morbidity.<sup>1,2</sup> Falsely high blood-pressure readings may be obtained if the bladder inside of a blood pressure cuff does not cover 75% of the arm circumference. In patients with large arms, the standard cuff can be used on the forearm, or a thigh cuff on the arm.<sup>3</sup> The detailed algorithm (Fig 3) can function as an aid in resolving diagnostic
Studies on phagocytosis in patients with acute bacterial infections.
Authors: H H Simms, M M Frank, T C Quinn, S Holland, T A Gaither
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes from 20 patients with acute bacterial infections were examined for phagocytic function. PMN of patients expressed markedly enhanced phagocytosis as measured by the ingestion of erythrocyte (E)IgG and IgG/C3b-coated E. Phagocytosis of E coated with C3b alone was not seen, while low levels of ingestion of iC3b-E by patients' PMNs was noted. Monocytes from patients and controls expressed similar phagocytic activity in a fixed endpoint assay; however, the kinetics of phagocytosis by patients' monocytes was strikingly faster. Superoxide anion (O2.) and myeloperoxidase activities were similar to controls in PMN of four patients studied on day 1 of admission. PMN from two of three patients studied longitudinally showed an initial elevation in EIgG phagocytosis, which fell to normal levels by day 4, concomitantly with increased O2. generation and clinical improvement. Phagocytosis remained elevated in the third patient who did not clear his septicemia. Surface membrane FcRII, FcRIII, CR1, and CR3 were similar on patient and control PMN. In contrast, FcRI was increased on PMN of five of seven patients by monomeric IgG binding, and on two of two patients by monoclonal anti-FcRI binding. Thus, PMN and monocytes of patients with acute bacterial infections are either upregulated with regard to phagocytic function or are less susceptible to downregulation than are normal cells. This presumably would have a beneficial effect on host defenses during infection.
Anaesthetists consume 3% of trust expenditure but affect 60% of trust income
Authors: A. Sharples, O. R Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR —align=baseline border=0>The letters on the Audit Commission's report Anaesthesia under Examination 1 from those working in anaesthesia have been predictable, varying from those from apoplectic sceptics2 to the welcoming. 3 4 Having read these and attended the Audit Commission's day in London, we think that the letters are misinformed and based on an incorrect premise.

Firstly, the Audit Commission's report must be considered in context. It was commissioned in 1996 by the chief executives of …
Book Review Medical Futility and the Evaluation of Life-Sustaining Interventions By Marjorie B. Zucker and Howard D. Zucker. 201 pp. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1997. $64.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). 0-521-56020-9 (cloth); 0-521-56877-3 (paper).
Authors: Daniel P. Sulmasy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
STROMAL CELL-DERIVED FACTOR 1- AND CIRCULATING PROGENITOR CELL LEVELS AS PREDICTORS OF ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Nima Ghasemzadeh, Christine De Staercke, Qunna Li, Danny Eapen, Mohamed Khayata, Mohammad Malekzadegan, Graham H. Smith, Bushra Alzaranah, Girum Mekonnen, Raghda Alanbari, Laurence Sperling, Craig Hooper, Edmund K. Waller, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Drug use and pulmonary death rates in increasingly symptomatic asthma patients in the UK
Authors: C. R. Meier, H. Jick
Journal: Thorax (1997)

There is concern about an increase in deaths from respiratory causes in asthma patients using long acting beta agonists. According to the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society, long acting beta agonists, ipratropium bromide, and theophylline should be used to treat patients with increasing asthma severity who are already receiving treatment with short acting beta agonists and inhaled steroids. A study was therefore undertaken to compare the characteristics and short term respiratory mortality rates in first time users of one of these three drugs.An open cohort study with a nested case-control analysis was performed on the UK based General Practice Research Database (GPRD). First time users of either salmeterol (n = 8386), ipratropium bromide (n = 4305), or theophylline (n = 4228) between 1 January 1992 and 30 April 1995 were identified and followed for 16 weeks. Drug usage patterns, predictors for respiratory mortality, and the number of deaths at 16 weeks in the three drug groups were compared.The three asthma drugs were most often prescribed to patients with severe asthma. Age, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema, number of asthma drug prescriptions, number of visits to the general practitioner, and whether or not the patient had been admitted to hospital due to the respiratory disease in the 12 months prior to the start of the new drug therapy were strong predictors for asthma mortality. After adjusting for several risk factors, the relative risk estimates of a respiratory death for ipratropium bromide and theophylline users compared with salmeterol users were 1.8 (95% CI 0.4 to 9.6) and 3.0 (95% CI 0.4 to 22.4), respectively.In the UK population studied, salmeterol, ipratropium bromide and theophylline are regularly used to treat patients with asthma of increasing severity. Salmeterol use was not associated with an increase in short term mortality compared with ipratropium bromide and theophylline.
Amputee Management: A Handbook
Authors: J. Hallett
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Pam Barsby, Rosalind Ham, Christine Lumley, Colin Roberts Lumley Associates, Pocklington, York YO4 2QJ ISBN 1 87072201 9

The management of amputees is often seen as a “Cinderella” of hospital practice. There is a feeling of uncertainty about who should be performing amputations and who should be responsible for rehabilitation. General and vascular surgeons are often involved because of the increasing proportion of patients with vascular deficiency, and orthopaedic surgeons deal with congenital deficiencies and trauma. It often ends up with neither having a fully effective team and both worrying about the heavy cost of hospital …
Abstract 16025: Aldosterone Induces Autophagy via an ERK-JNK/Phospho-Bcl-2/Beclin-1 Dependent Pathway in Isolated Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Eric E Essick, Richard M Wilson, Simoni Baid, Flora Sam
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background:  Aldosterone induces left ventricular (LV) remodeling and heart failure (HF). Aldosterone increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mediates its effects through JNK-MAPK signaling. Autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of LV remodeling and HF, but it is unknown whether aldosterone causes cardiac autophagy. We hypothesized that aldosterone induces cardiomyocyte autophagy  in vitro .   Methods:  Isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) were exposed to aldosterone (1µM/18hrs). Autophagy related proteins and intracellular signaling molecules were measured by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting.   Results:  Aldosterone increased LC3II expression by 39±4% (p   Conclusion:  Aldosterone induces cardiomyocyte autophagy independent of mTOR but via an ERK/JNK - pBcl-2 - Beclin-1 dependent pathway.
Disease and Destiny; a Bibliography of Medical References to the Famous
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Books which contain bibliographical source materials are rare. There is a tremendous amount of time and energy involved in the accumulation of such material. To tabulate and publish such a bibliographical source for the health and disease of the world's great people is nothing short of phenomenal. Yet Dr. J. B. Gilbert's book has done precisely this. He includes all the world's outstanding personalities from Hammurabi, the king of Babylon in the 20th century B.c., to those prominent citizens of the world who lived to the mid-20th century A.D. These people are listed alphabetically, with their inclusive dates and a short identification of their position in life. Under their names, a bibliography which deals with their health or disease is tabulated chronologically. Perhaps the most remarkable fact in connection with this material is that it has been gathered from world literature. This naturally makes it definitive. It is frankly admitted
Is Listening for Abdominal Bruits Useful in the Evaluation of Hypertension?
Authors: J. M. Turnbull
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TOWARD the end of an unusually busy clinic, a clinical clerk greets the final patient of the day, a man with a recently documented increase of his blood pressure. With all the enthusiasm that remains after 4 years of medical training, she compulsively listens for abdominal bruits. Almost surprised, she hears a soft systolicdiastolic epigastric bruit and is faced with the inevitable question—so what? <h3>WHY IS THIS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION TO ANSWER?</h3> As we have gained insight into the origin and meaning of vascular bruits, detailed auscultation of the abdomen has become more common. Once detected, an abdominal bruit often is characterized according to pitch, timing, amplitude, and location in an effort to detect and document pathologic states, such as renovascular disease, splenic enlargement, hepatic cirrhosis, carcinoma of the pancreas and liver, splenic and hepatic vascular abnormalities, intestinal vascular insufficiency, and aortic disease. More recently, abdominal bruits have been documented
Identification of Podocalyxin-like Protein 1 as a Novel Cell Surface Marker for Hemangioblasts in the Murine Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros Region
Authors: Takahiko Hara, Yoh-ko Nakano, Minoru Tanaka, Kazuhiro Tamura, Takashi Sekiguchi, Ken-ichi Minehata, Neal G Copeland, Nancy A Jenkins, Masaru Okabe, Hiroshi Kogo, Yoh-suke Mukouyama, Atsushi Miyajima
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Application of the New York State PTCA Mortality Model in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation
Authors: David R. Holmes, Peter B. Berger, Kirk N. Garratt, Verghese Mathew, Malcolm R. Bell, Gregory W. Barsness, Stuart T. Higano, Diane E. Grill, LaVon N. Hammes, Charanjit S. Rihal
Journal: Circulation (2000)

This study applied the New York State conventional coronary angioplasty (PTCA) model of clinical outcomes to evaluate whether it has relevance in the current era of stent implantation. The model was developed in 62 670 patients treated with conventional PTCA from 1991 to 1994 to risk adjust mortality and bypass surgery after PTCA. Since then, stents have become the dominant form of intervention. Whether that model remains relevant is uncertain.All patients undergoing stenting at the Mayo Clinic from 1995 to 1998 were analyzed for in-hospital mortality, bypass surgery performed after attempted stenting, and longer-term mortality. No patients were excluded. The New York model was used to risk adjust and predict in-hospital and follow-up mortality. There were 3761 patients with 4063 procedural admissions for stenting; 6,472 target vessel segments were attempted, and 96.1% of procedures were successful. With the New York multivariable risk factor equation, 79 in-hospital deaths were expected (1.95%); 66 deaths (1.62%) were observed. The New York model risk score in a logistic regression model was the most significant factor associated with in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.86; P<0.001). During a mean follow-up of 1.2+/-1.0 years, there were 154 deaths. Multivariable analysis documented 6 factors associated with subsequent mortality; New York risk score was the most significant (chi(2)=16.64, P=0.0001).Although the New York mortality model was developed in an era of conventional angioplasty, it remains relevant in patients undergoing stenting. The risk score derived from that model is the variable most significantly associated with not only in-hospital but also longer-term outcome.
Prospective outcome data on 267 unselected adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia confirms superiority of allogeneic transplantation over chemotherapy in the pre-imatinib era: results from the International ALL Trial MRC UKALLXII/ECOG2993
Authors: Adele K. Fielding, Jacob M. Rowe, Susan M. Richards, Georgina Buck, Anthony V. Moorman, I. Jill Durrant, David I. Marks, Andrew K. McMillan, Mark R. Litzow, Hillard M. Lazarus, Letizia Foroni, Gordon Dewald, Ian M. Franklin, Selina M. Luger, Elisabeth Paietta, Peter H. Wiernik, Martin S. Tallman, Anthony H. Goldstone
Journal: Blood (2009)