tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notes of Cases on an Outbreak of Syphilis Following on Tattooing
Authors: F. R. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1889)

Case i was admitted into the Station Hospital, Portsea, and placed under my charge suffering from two ulcers on the flexor surface of his left forearm, said to be due to tattooing; they were treated by me as poisoned wounds, probably due to dirty or rusty needles.But on October 7th, 1888, Case ii and Case iII were ad- mitted from the same regiment with ulcerated arms following on tattooing, with indurated bases, and slight copper-coloured discoloration of the skin.It at once struck me that they were syphilitic in origin, and on examining them I found that their cervical, brachial, and inguinal glands were enlarged, and that Cases i and iI had a faint roseolar rash over their bodies.I also learnt that they had all been tattooed by the same person, a civilian (a discharged soldier of the regiment), who was a hawker in barracks, and whose name I afterwards learnt to be S.I suspected the cause must rest with this man, and that he had transmitted the virus by his saliva; but on questioning these three cases if the man S. had put the needles in his mouth or used his saliva in any form, they stoutly denied it.I at once made inquiries to find the man S., letting it be known that he need not fear any punishment, and that I would make it worth his while to come and see me, but he mysteriously disappeared and no trace of him could be found.The officer commanding was communicated with, who issued an order cautioning the men against being tattooed by the man S., and ordering all men who had been tattooed by him to come up for medical inspection.Case ii informed me that his brother, a non-commissioned offlcer in the regiment, had been tattooed at the same time as himself, and that his arm was just commencing to be bad.On October 9th, 1888, the brother (Casenx) came up for inspec- tion, but was not admitted till October 17th, but his arm, together with Cases i, ii, iii, and iv, were photographed that day by Surgeon D. Wardrop, M.S., to whom I am indebted for the good plates.Case iir was different to any previously seen, consisting of three well-marked rupial ulcers at the seat of tattooing, and which became still more marked, which I had taken by Messrs. Symonds and Co.On October 13tlh, 1888, Case v was admitted with two well- marked rupial ulcers, from which the scabs were just falling off.Case ix informed me that he had seen S. mix his colours with his saliva.This made me tthe more anxious to find the man, and on the afternoon of October 13th, whilst on orderly duty, I was informed that someone wanted to see me, and it turned out to be S.I told him there was no blame attached to him for tattooing the men, as he was not aware what mischief he was doing.I asked him how many he had tattooed.He stated that he had done about.fifteen, but might have done a few more; that he used ordinary needles, which he might have put in his mouth, but denied that he had ever mixed the colours with his saliva, or ap- plied his saliva to the arms in any way.Whilst he was answering these questions I noticed that his hair was very thin; but, on
Echocardiographic differentiation of partial and complete atrioventricular canal.
Authors: J L Bass, F B Bessinger, C Lawrence
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Retrospective examination of echocardiograms was performed in 34 patients with persistent atrioventricular (A-V) canal who had undergone cardiac catheterization. Characteristic findings in 16 patients with partial A-V canal were lack of continuity of mitral and tricuspid valves, paradoxical interventricular septal motion, definite E and A waves of the mitral valve anterior leaflet (MVAL) echoes and late systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Eighteen patients with persistent A-V canal had an interventricular communication and were classified as having the complete form. They characteristically had continuous mitral and tricuspid valves, normal interventricular septal motion, disorganized MVAL echoes, and normal systolic mitral valve motion. Combining these findings allowed differentiation of 31 of the 34 patients (91%) as having partial or complete A-V canal. Determining the presence of a VSD from loss of interventricular septal echoes was unsatisfactory. The severity of mitral insufficiency could not be estimated from echocardiograms of our patients with partial A-V canal.
Lung capillaries raise the hypoxia alarm
Authors: Jahar Bhattacharya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

When ventilation is blocked, the lung can protect against the loss of blood oxygenation by activating localized arterial vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow to underventilated regions, and redirecting flow to better-ventilated alveoli. This phenomenon, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), preserves the overall efficiency of blood oxygenation, but the mechanism by which the hypoxic signal is transmitted to the smooth muscle that contracts the arterioles has remained largely a mystery. In this issue of the JCI, Wang et al. reveal that the endothelial lining of the hypoxic alveoli plays a key role in sensing hypoxia and transmitting the signal to initiate HPV.
ARE STENT RELATED AND NON-STENT RELATED DEATHS DIFFERENT BETWEEN DRUG-ELUTING STENTS AND BARE METAL STENTS? A PATHOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Masataka Nakano, Saami K. Yazdani, Elena Ladich, Frank D. Kolodgie, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Spironolactone-Induced Lichen Planus
Authors: Thomas F. Downham
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drug eruptions with the histological features of lichen planus have been attributed to a number of drugs.<sup>1,2</sup> Recently, antihypertensive agents such as methyldopa have been implicated.<sup>3</sup>We report a cutaneous eruption with clinical and histopathological features of lichen planus that we consider to be caused by the antihypertensive-diuretic spironolactone. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 62-year-old woman had a three-month history of multiple, partially eroded nodose plaques with elevated borders and central fissures involving both palms, the fingers, and, to a lesser extent, both pretibial areas of the lower leg and upper back (Fig 1). A biopsy specimen of an initial palmar cutaneous lesion at its inception showed findings characteristic of lichen planus. Medications included digoxin, propranolol hydrochloride, diazepam, spironolactone, and iron tablets. A drug was suspected as a cause of the lichen-planuslike eruption. Therapy with the iron tablets, diazepam, and propranolol was discontinued, each one
Effects of orifice size and shape on flow rate estimated from flow convergence region imaged by color Doppler flow mapping proximal to restrictive orifices: An in vitro study
Authors: Valdir A. Moises, Kung Chao, Robin Shandas, Azucena Murillo, Jean-Pierre Belot, Lilliam Valdes-Cruz, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
HOXA cluster deregulation in T-ALL associated with both a TCRD-HOXA and a CALM-AF10 chromosomal translocation
Authors: J Bergeron, E Clappier, B Cauwelier, N Dastugue, C Millien, E Delabesse, K Beldjord, F Speleman, J Soulier, E Macintyre, V Asnafi
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofilament function in chemically-treated ventricular trabeculae from patients with heart failure
Authors: M.A. Denvir, N.G. MacFarlane, S.M. Cobbe, D.J. Miller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Assessment of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-loading ability, myofilament force production and myofilament calcium sensitivity in ventricular trabeculae from patients with heart failure.Right ventricular trabeculae (diameter 150-250 microns) were obtained from 18 patients undergoing elective cardiac transplantation. These were mounted for isometric tension measurement and treated with saponin which permeabilises the sarcolemma leaving the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) functionally intact. The trabecula was bathed in a mock intracellular solution containing ATP and weakly buffered [Ca2+] at various concentrations (150-400 nM). The amplitude of caffeine-induced contractures was used as a quantitative measure of the SR calcium content and was correlated with the clinical severity of heart failure. The same trabecula was then exposed to a solution containing Triton-X100 (1%) which destroys all cell membranes leaving only the myofilaments intact. The maximum calcium-activated force (Cmax) and myofilament responsiveness to calcium was assessed.Patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and severe heart failure (PCWP > 20 mm Hg, ejection fraction < 15%, n = 8) demonstrated low SR Ca(2+)-loading ability compared with patients with IHD and moderate heart failure (PCWP-20 mmHg, LV ejection fraction > 20%, n = 6). Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (n = 4) demonstrated SR Ca(2+)-loading ability which was lower than either of the two IHD groups. Myofilament force production (per unit cross-sectional area) was not significantly different between the three groups. Myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ demonstrated no relationship with severity of heart failure.In human heart failure, SR Ca(2+)-loading ability diminishes with increasing severity of heart failure. Myofilament force production and sensitivity to calcium are unaffected by severity of heart failure.
925 A critical involvement of oxidative stress in acute alcohol-induced hepatic TNF-alpha production
Authors: Z ZHOU, L WANG, Z SONG, J LAMBERT, C MCCLAIN, Y KANG
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We present a measurement of the W-boson polarization in top-quark decays in tt¯ events with decays to dilepton final states using data corresponding to 5.1 fb−1 of integrated luminosity in pp¯ collisions collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron. Assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV/c2, a simultaneous measurement of the fractions of longitudinal (f0) and right-handed (f+) W-bosons yields the results f0=0.70−0.17+0.18(stat)±0.06(syst) and f+=−0.09±0.09(stat)±0.03(syst). Combining this measurement with our previous measurement based on single-lepton final states, we obtain f0=0.84±0.09(stat)±0.05(syst) and f+=−0.16±0.05(stat)±0.04(syst). The results are consistent with the standard model expectation.
Initial clinical experience using the Gianturco-Grifka vascular occlusion device for congenital heart defects
Authors: Ronald G. Grifka, Charles E. Mullins, Julie A. Vincent, William S. McMahon, Michael R. Nihill, Frank F. Ing, Martin P. O'Laughlin, Larry A. Latson, John W. Moore, W.Robert Morrow, Cesare Gianturco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effector CD8+ T cells mediate inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness
Authors: Nobuaki Miyahara, Bradley J Swanson, Katsuyuki Takeda, Christian Taube, Satoko Miyahara, Taku Kodama, Azzeddine Dakhama, Vanessa L Ott, Erwin W Gelfand
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
The Medical School in the University
Authors: Steven Muller
Journal: JAMA (1984)

EDUCATION in medicine has been part of the university mission since almost the very beginnings of the Western university nearly a millennium ago. One may wonder whether and why the role of the medical school is even topical. I believe that some not so subtle, and not so minor, changes have altered the role of medicine in the university, and that it is at least useful and at most necessary to appraise this transformation, even while it is still in process. It has become apparent that faculties of medicine have become involved in a migration from the center of the university toward some location on the perimeter. My initial assumption about this observation was that this was merely one natural, unavoidable component of the ongoing fragmentation of knowledge into an ever more complex constellation of specialties. We have, after all, long been aware that the impact of rapid advances in
Cleavage of huntingtin by apopain, a proapoptotic cysteine protease, is modulated by the polyglutamine tract
Authors: Y.P. Goldberg, D.W. Nicholson, D.M. Rasper, M.A. Kalchman, H.B. Koide, R.K. Graham, M. Bromm, P. Kazemi-Esfarjani, N.A. Thornberry, J.P. Vaillancourt, M.R. Hayden
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Common carotid haemodynamic and metabolic effects of acutely administered nifedipine in human subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: D M PAYEN, M L J PINAUD, N LAMPRON, A D. K. GILLY, F M NICOLAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Although the drugs known as “calcium antagonists” exert inhibitory actions on vascular smooth muscle, there are no quantitative data concerning the clinical use of these vasodilator agents in human subarachnoid haemorrhage. In the present clinical study, we have measured the effects of nifedipine (20 mg tablet) on common carotid artery diameter (D) blood flow velocity (V) common carotid blood flow (CCBF) as an index of cerebral blood flow, systolic (Qs) and diastolic (Qd) blood flow fractions using a pulsed Doppler apparatus and on carotid arterial pressure (CAP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (V̇O2). Eight patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were studied during anaesthesia for cerebral angiography. Thirty minutes after sublingual nifedipine, diameter (P<0.05), blood flow velocity (P<0.001), CCBF (P<0.001), Qs (P<0.05), and Qd (P<0.05) increased with a decrease in Qs/Qd ratio (P<0.05). carotid vascular resistance (CVR) fell (P<0.02) and oxygen consumption of the brain increased (P<0.01). Systolic, diastolic, and mean carotid blood pressure, heart rate, and arteriovenous difference in oxygen were unchanged. The increase in CCBF was closely correlated with the vascular resistance in the control state (r=0.928, P<0.001) and with oxygen consumption (r=0.869, P<0.001). We conclude that in vivo, nifedipine exerts a preferential action on cerebral vessels, vasodilating large arteries and arterioles. This action is more powerful if the vessels are already vasoconstricted. Thus, the use of nifedipine could be fruitful in cerebral ischaemia that is secondary to subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities of Interventricular Septum Associated With "Absent Q" Syndrome
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Echocardiograms of interventricular septal motion were recorded in patients with cardiomyopathy to learn if absence of a septal Q wave, "electrical silence," in the electrocardiogram is associated with a noncontracting, "mechanically silent," septum. Patients with cardiomyopathy with absence of septal Q waves in the ECG had an associated absence of normal motion of the interventricular septum. As would be expected electrical silence of the septum was associated with mechanical silence. These findings indicated cardiomyopathic disease of the interventricular septum in these patients. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1665-1666, 1974)
Some Problems of Inpatient Management with Borderline Patients
Authors: HENRY J. FRIEDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Experience with borderline patients leads the author to conclude that their disruptive behavior is often intensified by an intensive treatment milieu that fails to set limits on their wish for gratification. He stresses the place of therapeutic transfer to a different setting such as a state hospital and firm limit setting as essential elements of successful management.
Respiratory muscle weakness in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Authors: C M Laroche, A K Mier, S G Spiro, J Newsom-Davis, J Moxham, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Respiratory muscle function was assessed in six patients with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Five had histologically proved small cell carcinoma of the lung; the sixth later developed metastases from an unknown primary site. Two patients had ventilatory failure, one without respiratory symptoms; another, who had emphysema, had dyspnoea and orthopnoea. The remaining three patients had no respiratory symptoms. Four patients had limb muscle weakness as judged by the maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle (range for all subjects 32-100% predicted). Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured during a maximal unoccluded sniff (Pdi: sniff), a maximal sustained inspiratory effort against a closed airway (Pdi: Pimax), and phrenic nerve stimulation (Pdi: twitch). Mild to moderate diaphragmatic weakness was present in all six patients in proportion to the degree of leg weakness (Pdi: sniff 30-64% predicted; r = 0.6; Pdi:Pimax 6-69% predicted, r = 0.8); this was associated with very low or absent Pdi:twitch during phrenic nerve stimulation. Four patients had weakness of the expiratory muscles. Improvement in muscle strength was documented in two patients after tumour chemotherapy and specific treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine and prednisolone; one patient was still alive five years from first diagnosis. It is concluded that the respiratory muscles may be implicated in this condition more often than has previously been recognised. As the lack of mobility may cause respiratory symptoms to be minimised, the presence of respiratory muscle weakness may remain undiagnosed unless formal measurement of respiratory muscle function is made.
Status of Tumor Markers in Ovarian Cancer Screening
Authors: R. C. Bast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

One of the most promising approaches to management of ovarian cancer is early detection. Stage I ovarian cancer can be cured with currently available therapy in more than 90% of patients. However, fewer than 25% of ovarian cancers are currently detected in stage I. Detection of a greater fraction of cancers at an early stage might improve clinical outcome. Given a prevalence of one patient with ovarian cancer among 2,500 asymptomatic postmenopausal women in the general population, a successful screening strategy must have a sensitivity of more than 75% and a specificity of more than 99.6% to achieve a positive predictive value of 10%. Approaches to screening include transvaginal sonography, serum markers, and two-stage strategies that use alterations in serum markers to prompt sonographic examination. Among the serum markers, CA-125 has been studied most extensively. Isolated values of CA-125 lack adequate sensitivity or specificity, but when monitored over time, serial CA-125 values can achieve a specificity of 99.6%. However, sensitivity is limited and CA-125 may only be expressed by 80% of early-stage cancers. Multiple markers may exhibit greater specificity when studied over time. To combine multiple markers, more sophisticated mathematical analysis will be required. At present, screening women at conventional risk should be restricted to clinical trials. In the future, however, screening for ovarian cancer may reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Synaptocrine Signaling: Steroid Synthesis and Action at the Synapse
Authors: Colin J. Saldanha, Luke Remage-Healey, Barney A. Schlinger
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

Sex steroids have long been recognized for their dramatic impact on brain and behavior, including rapid modulation of membrane excitability. It is a widely held perception that these molecules are largely derived from peripheral sources and lack the spatial and temporal specificity ascribed to classical neuromodulatory systems. Neuromodulatory systems, in contrast, are defined by their regulated neuronal presynaptic secretion and by their functional modulation of perisynaptic events. Here we provide evidence for regulated presynaptic estrogen synthesis and functional postsynaptic actions. These results meet all the criteria for a neuromodulatory system and shift our perception of estrogens from that of peripheral signals exclusively to include that of a signaling system intrinsic to the brain itself. We apply the term synaptocrine to describe this form of neuromodulation.
Medical malpractice in perspective. I--The American experience.
Authors: L Quam, R Dingwall, P Fenn
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Concern over the possibility of an American style medical malpractice "crisis" in the United Kingdom has recently been voiced by members of both medical and legal professions. The validity of such fears is examined by reviewing the conditions that have given rise to the current American difficulties. It is argued that the rise in malpractice insurance premiums and associated restrictions in availability should be seen against the background of underwriting problems specific to medical liability in conjunction with a general decline in reinsurance cover. The evidence in relation to the clinical and resource implications of malpractice is analysed. In particular, arguments that increased litigation has influenced the practice of "defensive" medicine and the choice of specialty are critically examined. Medical malpractice claims and insurance are only part of a professional environment which is undergoing dramatic social and economic changes, many of which seem more plausible candidates to be treated as important influences on the nature and organisation of health care in the United States.
Effects of calcium and EMD-53998 on oxygen consumption in isolated canine hearts.
Authors: P P de Tombe, D Burkhoff, W C Hunter
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Most positive inotropic agents increase cardiac contractility by increasing the amount of Ca2+ cycled with each beat. The additional amount of oxygen that is consumed by the heart to cycle this additional Ca2+ is believed to reduce myocardial efficiency. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the agent EMD-53998 increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile proteins without affecting the intracellular Ca2+ transient in cardiac muscle. Therefore, application of this agent may increase cardiac contractility without decreasing myocardial efficiency. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) in six isolated, isovolumically beating blood-perfused canine hearts. The hearts were paced at 120 beats per minute. Contractility was varied in each heart by infusion of either CaCl2 or EMD-53998. With infusion of either agent, MVO2 was a linearly proportional function of contractility. No significant difference between CaCl2 and EMD-53998 could be detected in the interrelation between contractility and MVO2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the "calcium-sensitizing agent" EMD-53998 is a potent positive inotropic agent in the isolated, blood-perfused canine heart. However, EMD-53998 does not provide an energetic advantage over currently used positive inotropic agents.
Black Adolescent Crack Users in Oakland: No Quick Fix-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Fullilove
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are in agreement with Dr Silverman that no "quick fix" is likely to have a dramatic impact on sexual behaviors that are mediated by drug and alcohol abuse and that responsible safe sex behavior requires more than the use of condoms. We would further concur that educators and policymakers should not be tempted into believing that providing crack users with condoms can or should replace "more difficult and costly programs, particularly... drug treatment programs." In proposing a campaign of condom distribution, our intent was not to suggest that condoms are a panacea for the many problems associated with crack use. Rather, our findings should suggest to educators, policymakers, and health care professionals that the sexual behaviors of crack users are as problematic as their crack abuse, and that effective treatment programs for such users should include concerted efforts to reduce the user's risk of becoming infected with