tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: the dietary and nutritional survey of British adults.
Authors: B M Margetts, A A Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To compare diet, nutrient intakes, and biochemical measures between smokers and non-smokers. DESIGN--Analysis of data collected in cross sectional survey conducted in 1986 and 1987. Subjects were recruited from electoral wards in England, Wales, and Scotland to reflect the regional distribution of the population. SUBJECTS--2197 subjects (70% of those asked) aged between 16 and 64 undertook dietary assessment. Of these, 1842 subjects were considered to have kept a record typical of their usual dietary intake and had given data on smoking, and their results were analysed: 1224 non-smokers (631 men), 359 light smokers (166 men), and 259 heavy smokers (153 men). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Differences in dietary, nutrient, and biochemical measures between nonsmokers and smokers. RESULTS--Smokers ate more white bread, sugar, cooked meat dishes, butter, and whole milk and less wholemeal bread, high fibre breakfast cereals, fruit, and carrots. Smokers had lower intakes of polyunsaturated fat, protein, carbohydrate, fibre, iron, carotene, and ascorbic acid. Adjusting for other covariates did not substantially alter the pattern of intakes. At the same dietary intake of carotenoids smokers were more likely to have lower circulating serum beta carotene concentrations than non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS--The diet and nutrient intakes and circulating levels of nutrients of smokers were different from those of non-smokers. Smokers were more likely to have an imbalance between the dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the metabolic demand for antioxidant protection. This imbalance is likely to make smokers more susceptible to oxidative damage. Smokers are at increased risk of chronic disease because their diets are different and because smoking creates an altered pattern of demand for specific nutrients. The diets of smokers not only fail to meet the unusual requirements for specific nutrients to satisfy the altered pattern of demand but are likely to exacerbate the damage caused by smoking.
UK approves preimplantation genetic screening technique
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The screening of embryos for an abnormal number of chromosomes has been approved in principle by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, the body that regulates in vitro fertilisation treatment in the United Kingdom.

It is the first time that the authority has approved a technique that detects a range of genetic abnormalities rather than one specific genetic disease. The technique, known as aneuploidy screening, is thought to increase the success rate of in vitro fertilisation by eliminating those embryos that have a poor chance of implanting in the womb.

In a statement issued last week, the …
No room for Plato
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In 1942, when it was not yet certain that Germany would lose the war, John Steinbeck wrote a short novel entitled The Moon Is Down in which a small town in an unnamed country is occupied by an equally unnamed foreign army. At first the occupiers are relatively polite and considerate, but as the hostility of the townspeople to them becomes more evident and active, so they become more brutal. Steinbeck, it seems, was imperfectly informed about Hitler at the time, for he reports that “the leader,” back in the occupiers’ capital, is allergic to dogs and therefore shuns them, whereas in fact Hitler was very passionately fond of Blondi, his Alsatian, and always kept him near.

The two most prominent …
Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 5 after successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (M2)
Authors: Toshie Ogasawara, Masako Yasuyama, Kiyotaka Kawauchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract We describe a patient who developed myelodysplastic syndrome over 2 years after achieving complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient was treated in July 1998 with anthracycline, etoposide, and behenoyl cytarabine chemotherapy for AML (French‐American‐British classification, M2; World Health Organization classification, AML with maturation) and achieved complete remission. At presentation, no chromosomal abnormalities were detected. In December 2000, the patient's peripheral blood revealed pancytopenia, and his bone marrow was hypocellular with trilineage myelodysplasia and no blasts. Chromosomal analysis revealed complex karyotypic abnormalities, including monosomy 5. The patient was diagnosed with high‐grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) subtype. The pancytopenia progressed rapidly, and he died 2 months after the diagnosis of MDS. Therapy‐related MDS and AML (t‐MDS/t‐AML) developing after treatment for acute leukemia is unusual; the primary leukemia associated with most cases of t‐MDS/t‐AML is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This unusual case suggests that AML excluding APL should be considered a primary hematologic malignancy for t‐MDS/t‐AML. Am. J. Hematol. 79:136–141, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A selective sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor integrates multiple molecular therapeutic targets in human leukemia
Authors: Steven W. Paugh, Barbara S. Paugh, Mohamed Rahmani, Dmitri Kapitonov, Jorge A. Almenara, Tomasz Kordula, Sheldon Milstien, Jeffrey K. Adams, Robert E. Zipkin, Steven Grant, Sarah Spiegel
Journal: Blood (2008)
Serum laminin and type IV collagen are accurate markers of histologically severe alcoholic hepatitis in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Laurent Castera, Daniel-Jean Hartmann, Françoise Chapel, Catherine Guettier, Frédéric Mal, Thierry Lons, Jean-Philippe Richardet, Sylvie Grimbert, Olivier Morassi, Michel Beaugrand, Jean-Claude Trinchet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Acute Subendocardial Infarction with Diffuse Intense Tc-99m PYP Uptake and Minimal TI-201 Abnormality
Authors: JUNICHI TAKI, SUZUKA TAKI, KENJI ICHIYANAGI, YOSHIHIRO AKASHI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Tc-99m PYP scintigraphy performed on a patient with severe anterior chest pain showed diffuse intense uptake with central decreased activity corresponding to the left ventricular cavity. Tl-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy at rest revealed a minimal perfusion abnormality with decreased apical uptake in the lateral view. Because of these findings, diffuse subendocardial infarction was suggested.
Abstract IA19: Cooperation between androgen receptor and Polycomb in prostate cancer
Authors: Jonathan C. Zhao, Christine Runkle, Jianjun Yu, Longtao Wu, Hongjian Jin, Timothy Kuzel, Chung Lee, Jindan Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcription factor that plays important roles in prostate development, function, as well as malignant transformation. The downstream pathways of AR, however, are incompletely understood. AR has been primarily known as a transcriptional activator inducing prostate-specific gene expression. Although androgen stimulation has been shown to also suppress genes, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms and functions of AR-mediated gene repression. Through integrative analysis of genome-wide AR occupancy and androgen-regulated gene expression, here we report AR as a globally acting transcriptional repressor. This repression is dictated, at least in part, by the Polycomb group protein EZH2 and repressive chromatin remodeling. In embryonic stem cells (ESC), AR-repressed genes harbor bivalent H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications that are characteristic of developmental regulators, the silencing of which maintains the undifferentiated ESC state. Similarly, these genes are down-regulated in poorlydifferentiated, castration-resistant prostate tumors rendering a stem cell-like cellular state. To characterize the function of AR-repressed genes, we nominated NOV as a top AR-repressed gene. We show that NOV is robustly suppressed by androgen through the AR. Using NOV as a model gene we present evidence that AR directly inhibits gene expression through physically binding to the enhancer, establishing promoter-enhancer DNA looping, and inducing repressive chromatin remodeling. We further demonstrate that NOV is down-regulated in aggressive prostate cancer. Concordantly, NOV expression inhibits prostate cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in mice. Collectively, our data reveal an unexpected role of AR in inhibiting non-prostatic differentiation and, upon aberrant signaling, promoting cancerous de-differentiation. Our findings support AR-mediated inhibition of tumor suppressors as a novel mechanism to prostate cancer progression. Citation Format: Jonathan C. Zhao, Christine Runkle, Jianjun Yu, Longtao Wu, Hongjian Jin, Timothy Kuzel, Chung Lee, Jindan Yu. Cooperation between androgen receptor and Polycomb in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
Evaluation of paradoxic beneficial effects of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Mechanism of the “smoker's paradox” from the GUSTO-I trial, with angiographic insights
Authors: Gabriel I. Barbash, Jonathan Reiner, Harvey D. White, Robert G. Wilcox, Paul W. Armstrong, Zygmunt Sadowsi, Douglas Morris, Philip Aylward, Lynn H. Woodlief, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf, Allan M. Ross
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
984-25 Prolonged Local Infusion of Low Dose Angiopeptin Reduces Neointima After Balloon Injury in Swine Coronaries Using the Dispatch TM Site-Specific Delivery Catheter
Authors: Edward C. Santoian, Norman Tarazona, Marc A. Taylor, Richard A. Kovach, Steven A. Malosky, Charles A. Dennis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Portal hypertensive gastric mucosa: an endoscopic study.
Authors: A Papazian, A Braillon, J L Dupas, F Sevenet, J P Capron
Journal: Gut (1986)

The endoscopic features of the gastric mucosa in patients with cirrhosis have not been systematically investigated. In these patients, we observed an endoscopic aspect, consisting of multiple small erythematous areas, outlined by a subtle yellowish network (resembling a mosaic), mainly located in the proximal part of the stomach. We tested the value of this sign by comparing two groups: 100 patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis, and 300 control patients without signs of liver disease or portal hypertension. This endoscopic pattern was observed in 94 of the patients with cirrhosis, whereas oesophageal varices were seen in 78 only. In contrast, only one patient of the control group had this aspect. Moreover, this sign was also found in seven of eight patients with non cirrhotic portal hypertension, but was seen neither in 100 patients with chronic alcoholism but without liver disease, nor in 10 cirrhotic patients with end-to-side portacaval shunts. These endoscopic changes might be because of mucosal and/or submucosal oedema and congestion highlighting the normal areae gastricae pattern and related to raised portal pressure. We conclude that the mosaic pattern of the gastric mucosa is a sensible and specific sign for diagnosis of portal hypertension, whatever the cause.
Milk-Derived Glycoshingolipids (GSL) Specifically Ligate The Invariant NKT Cell (iNKT) T Cell Receptor (TCR), Induce iNKT Proliferation And Promote Th2 Cytokine Expression
Authors: V. Abraham, S.C. Jyonouchi, K.E. Nichols, J.M. Spergel, J.S. Orange, A. Cianferoni
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Public Health Considerations in the Management of Meningococcal Disease
Authors: JOSEPH B. McCORMICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

We discuss chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of cases, the current status and use of meningococcal vaccine, and the role of surveillance of household contacts. Available data on secondary attack rates strongly support the need for chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of meningococcal disease cases. Until the current difficulties with side reactions to minocycline are resolved, we recommend the use of rifampin. Surveillance of household contacts alone is an untested, generally impractical, and probably ineffective method of preventing secondary cases of meningococcal disease, although it may have some effect in preventing death by encouraging prompt and appropriate treatment of cases. We recommend the use of serogroups A or C vaccine, or both, in populations experiencing an epidemic of serogroups A or C meningococcal disease. The use of serogroups A or C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines should also be considered, along with chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of sporadic cases due to either of these organisms.
Hepatitis C and haemophilia
Authors: P. R Foster, R. V Mcintosh, A. J Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--In her editorial on hepatitis C and haemophilia Christine A Lee states that recombinant factor VIII “cannot transmit bloodborne viruses.”1 Although this belief is widely held, it is not correct. All biological substances can harbour infectious agents, and consequently all biopharmaceutical …
Abstract LB-164: IDH mutations and tumorgenicity
Authors: Kate Yen, Fang Wang, Sung Choe, Stefanie Schalm, Erica Hansen, Kimberly Straley, Janeta Popovici-Muller, Jeremy Travins, Hua Yang, Lee Silverman, William Kaelin, Stefan Gross, Lenny Dang, Frank Salituro, Jeff Saunders, David Schenkein, Michael Su, Scott Biller
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract IDH mutations and tumorgenicity Kate Yen1, Fang Wang1, Sung Choe1, Stefanie Schalm1, Erica Hansen1, Kimberly Straley1, Janeta Popovici-Muller1, Jeremy Travins1, Hua Yang1, Lee Silverman1, William Kaelin2, Stefan Gross1, Lenny Dang1, Frank Salituro1, Jeff Saunders1, David Schenkein1, Michael Su1, Scott Biller1 Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) genes are present in ∼16% of acute myeloid leukemia, and these mutations cause neomorphic enzyme activity that results in the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Mutational and epigenetic profiling of a large patient cohort of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) revealed that IDH1/2-mutant AMLs display global DNA hypermethylation and a specific hypermethylation signature. To further investigate the intrinsic effect of 2HG on hematopoietic differentiation, we studied erythroleukemia cell lines transfected with IDH1 and IDH2 mutant alleles which overexpress the mutant enzyme, have high levels of 2HG, and exhibit GM-CSF independent growth. Further investigation showed that GATA1, a transcriptional factor known to direct myeloid differentiation, is also down-regulated by IDH2m in these cells along with its downstream direct target SLC4A1. These results demonstrate that the IDH2m can perturb the expression of transcription factors that could lead to alterations in myeloid differentiation. These data suggest that an inhibitor of IDH1/2 mutations could correct for the altered gene expression patterns seen in IDH1/2 mutant AML tumors leading to a profound effect on hematopoietic differentiation, proliferation and tumor growth. We are currently studying the global effects of IDH1/2 mutant overexpression on the methylation of histones and DNA to have a broader understanding of the biological consequence of the IDH1/2 gain of function mutations. Furthermore, treatment of these cell lines with compounds specific for either IDH1 or IDH2 mutant enzymes has a profound effect on their biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-164. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-164
Response to Comment on Home et al. Insulin Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities and Challenges? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1499–1508
Authors: Philip Home, Matthew Riddle, William T. Cefalu, Clifford J. Bailey, Reinhard G. Bretzel, Stefano del Prato, Derek Leroith, Guntram Schernthaner, Luc van Gaal, Itamar Raz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We thank Dr. Conget and colleagues (1) for their comments on our article (2) and congratulate them on their article (3) on insulin pump use in type 2 diabetes, …
[429] VARIABILITY IN THE CK2 DEPENDENT PHOSPHORY-LATION OF NS5A AMONG HCV GENOTYPES: POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS IN CASPASES CLEAVAGE
Authors: F. Dal Pero, G. Di Maira, O. Marin, G. Bortoletto, L.A. Pinna, A. Albert, M. Gerotto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Development of a C3c-based ELISA method for the determination of anti-complementary potency of Bupleurum polysaccharides
Authors: Mulu Wu, Hong Li, Yunyi Zhang, Daofeng Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Traditionally, determination of inhibitory potency of complement inhibitors is performed by the hemolytic assay. However, this assay is not applicable to the lectin pathway, thus impeding the understanding of complement inhibitors against the overall function of the complement system. The main objective of our study was to develop a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an alternative method to assess the anti-complement activity, particularly against the lectin pathway. By using respective coating substrates against different activation pathways, followed by capturing the stable C3c fragments, our ELISA method can be used to screen complement inhibitors against the classical pathway and the lectin pathway. The inhibitory effect of suramin on the classical pathway, as measured by our hemolytic assay is consistent with previous reports. Further assessment of suramin and Bupleurum polysaccharides against the lectin pathway showed a good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of the lectin pathway IC50 between Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium polysaccharides (1.055 mg/mL) and Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides (0.98 mg/mL) showed that, similar to the classical and alterative pathway, these two Bupleurum polysaccharides had comparable anti-complementary properties against the lectin pathway. The results demonstrate that the described ELISA assay can compensate for the shortcomings of the hemolytic assay in lectin pathway.
Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from the WELCOME* study
Authors: Eleonora Scorletti, Lokpal Bhatia, Keith G. McCormick, Geraldine F. Clough, Kathryn Nash, Leanne Hodson, Helen E. Moyses, Philip C. Calder, Christopher D. Byrne, Nick Sheron, Mark Wright, Nick Curzen, Dhrubo Rakhit, Charles Peebles, Angela Darekar, Alison Fletcher, Adrian Bateman, Elizabeth Williams, Richard Aspinall, Andrew Fowell, Tristan Richardson, J. S.W. Li Voon Chong, Maén Al-Mrayat
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

There is no licensed treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition that increases risk of chronic liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We tested whether 15-18 months treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (Omacor/Lovaza) (4 g/day) decreased liver fat and improved two histologically-validated liver fibrosis biomarker scores (primary outcomes). Patients with NAFLD were randomised in a double blind placebo-controlled trial [DHA+EPA(n=51), placebo(n=52)]. We quantified liver fat percentage (%) by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in three liver zones. We measured liver fibrosis using two validated scores. We tested adherence to the intervention (Omacor group) and contamination (with DHA and EPA) (placebo group) by measuring erythrocyte percentage DHA and EPA enrichment (gas chromatography). We undertook multivariable linear regression to test effects of: a) DHA+EPA treatment (ITT analyses) and b) erythrocyte DHA and EPA enrichment (secondary analysis). Median (IQR) baseline and end of study liver fat% were 21.7 (19.3) and 19.7 (18.0) (placebo), and 23.0 (36.2) and 16.3 (22.0), (DHA+EPA). In the fully adjusted regression model there was a trend towards improvement in liver fat% with DHA+EPA treatment (β=-3.64 (95%CI -8.0,0.8); p=0.1) but there was evidence of contamination in the placebo group and variable adherence to the intervention in the Omacor group. Further regression analysis showed that DHA enrichment was independently associated with a decrease in liver fat% (for each 1% enrichment, β=-1.70 (95%CI -2.9,-0.5); p=0.007). No improvement in the fibrosis scores occurred. Conclusion. Erythrocyte DHA enrichment with DHA+EPA treatment is linearly associated with decreased liver fat%. Substantial decreases in liver fat% can be achieved with high percentage erythrocyte DHA enrichment in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2014;).
Aneurysm of Abdominal Aorta with Perforation into Upper Jejunum
Authors: W. Hausmann
Journal: BMJ (1943)

are more likely to occur in the presence of some active infec- tion-of which Vincent's angina constitutes an example. ConclusionsVincent's infection sometimes develops in patients uinder- going antisyphilitic treatment with intravenous arsenicals.The use of intravenous arsenicals in the treatment of Vincent's infection is unsound, both on theoretical and on clinical grounds, particularly since the condition responds readily to other less expensive and less dangerous drugs.I am indebted to Flight Lieut.S. C. Holms, R.A.F.V.R.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging distinguishes basal cell carcinoma from surrounding uninvolved skin
Authors: N.P. Galletly, J. McGinty, C. Dunsby, F. Teixeira, J. Requejo-Isidro, I. Munro, D.S. Elson, M.A.A. Neil, A.C. Chu, P.M.W. French, G.W. Stamp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a novel imaging technique that generates image contrast between different states of tissue due to differences in fluorescence decay rates.To establish whether FLIM of skin autofluorescence can provide useful contrast between basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and surrounding uninvolved skin.Unstained excision biopsies of 25 BCCs were imaged en face with FLIM following excitation of autofluorescence with a 355 nm pulsed ultraviolet laser.Using FLIM we were able to distinguish areas of BCC from surrounding skin in an ex vivo study. Significant reductions in mean fluorescence lifetimes between areas of BCC and areas of surrounding uninvolved skin were demonstrated (P < 0.0001). These differences were apparent irrespective of the decay model used to calculate the fluorescence lifetimes (single vs. stretched exponential) or the long-pass filter through which the emitted autofluorescence was collected (375 vs. 455 nm). Conversely, there was no significant difference between the BCC and uninvolved areas of each sample when mean autofluorescence intensities were examined. Moreover, wide-field false-colour images of fluorescence lifetimes clearly discriminated areas of BCC from the surrounding uninvolved skin.We therefore believe that FLIM has a potential future clinical role in imaging BCCs for rapid and noninvasive tumour delineation and as an aid to determine adequate excision margins with best preservation of normal tissue.
Exclusive Hospital–Medical Service Arrangements for Anesthesiology: Antitrust Consequences
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

HOSPITALS throughout the United States have long been making various types of exclusive service arrangements with physicians and other suppliers of goods and services. These arrangements have generally been encouraged by the health-planning agencies when hospital costs have been reduced or the quality of services has been improved. In recent years, however, the heavy shadow of the antitrust laws has fallen over these practices. The shadow took on substance last year when the federal court of appeals found an exclusive arrangement for anesthesiology services in a New Orleans hospital to be an illegal tying agreement — a per se violation . . .