tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2516: Are alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking related to risk of glioma? A large prospective U.S. cohort study.
Authors: Melissa Z. Braganza, Preetha Rajaraman, Yikyung Park, Peter D. Inskip, Neal D. Freedman, Amy Berrington de González, Cari M. Kitahara
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Glioma is a relatively uncommon and highly fatal malignancy with few known risk factors. Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, but whether these exposures are related to the risk of glioma remains unclear. Methods: We prospectively examined the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and risk of glioma in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, a large prospective cohort of 477,095 U.S. men and women between the ages of 50-71 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glioma risk according to alcohol intake (total alcohol, beer, wine, and liquor) and smoking status, intensity, and, among former smokers, time since quitting were calculated using models adjusted for sex, education, marital status, and race/ethnicity. Results: During a median 10.5 person-years of follow-up, 492 men and 212 women were diagnosed with glioma. Among men, current, heavier (&amp;gt;20 cigarettes per day) smoking was associated with a reduced risk of glioma compared to never smoking (HR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.79). Men who quit smoking &amp;lt;5 years before baseline had a non-significant reduced risk of glioma (HR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.46-1.14) relative to male never smokers. Smoking behaviors were not associated with glioma risk in women. Greater alcohol consumption was associated with a decreasing risk of glioma in men (&amp;gt;2 drinks per day versus &amp;lt;1 drink per week: HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.90; P-trend=0.02) but not women. An inverse association with greater beer intake was apparent both in men (&amp;gt;2 drinks per day versus &amp;lt;1 drink per week: HR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.93; P-trend=0.03) and women (≥1 drink per week versus &amp;lt;1 drink per week: HR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.33-1.34; P-trend=0.27). Results were similar by education level, after mutual adjustment for smoking and alcohol, and after restricting to glioblastoma, the most common and lethal histological subtype of glioma. Conclusions: Among men, current, heavy cigarette smoking and greater alcohol, particularly beer, consumption were inversely associated with the risk of glioma. Pooled analyses of prospective studies are needed to investigate more precisely the potential influence of these exposures on glioma risk. Citation Format: Melissa Z. Braganza, Preetha Rajaraman, Yikyung Park, Peter D. Inskip, Neal D. Freedman, Amy Berrington de González, Cari M. Kitahara. Are alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking related to risk of glioma? A large prospective U.S. cohort study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2516. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2516
Abstract 3194: Thymidine Kinase 1 staining aids in lung cancer prognosis
Authors: Melissa M. Alegre, Taylor Abegg-Lawrence, Ballantines F. Alegre, Wesley D. LaPorte, Jessica Yu, Michael Weyant, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer kills more patients than breast, colon, prostate, melanoma, and kidney cancers combined. One way to improve the high lung cancer mortality rate is through early detection and better prognosis. There have been attempts to establish spiral CT scan imaging protocols or early detection assays to improve the diagnosis of lung cancer. Although these detection methods show merit, they are often costly, and are only useful for a subset of the potential lung cancer population such as high-risk smokers. One biomarker that shows promise is Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1). Recently, it has been demonstrated that TK1 has diagnostic potential in both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Therefore, the present study was conducted to elucidate whether TK1 could be used in early detection and lung cancer prognosis. Five tissue microarrays (TMA) including a lung carcinoma screen, lung adenocarcinoma grade III, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and one normal lung TMA consisting of 376 lung cancer tissue cores from 172 patients and 63 control lung tissue cores from 22 normal individuals, were stained with a TK1 monoclonal antibody produced by our lab. Mesothelioma and some of the lung cancers including squamous cell, small cell, adenosquamous cell, undifferentiated, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma stained positive for TK1. Papillary carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroendrocrine carcinoma, and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma showed considerably less TK1 staining. Normal and inflammatory lung tissue showed zero to minimal staining which was significantly different from positively stained lung cancer tissue. There are various increasing grades of squamous cell carcinoma patients from grade I, I-II, II, II-III and III. There was a definitive increase in TK1 staining as the grade of the lung tumor increase. A similar pattern was found with adenocarcinoma tissue grade II, II-III, and III; the more progressive the tumor, the more intense the TK1 staining. This preliminary data supports further investigation of TK1 as a marker for early detection and prognosis of numerous lung cancer subtypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3194. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3194
Cardiac nitric oxide production due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition decreases beta-adrenergic myocardial contractility in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ilan S Wittstein, David A Kass, Peter H Pak, W.Lowell Maughan, Barry Fetics, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Significance of Changes in Amplitude of the First Heart Sound in Children with A-V Block
Authors: MARTIN A. SHEARN, ELIZABETH TARR, DAVID A. RYTAND
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Curves which relate the peak intensity of the first heart sound to the P-R interval have been obtained from seven children with complete A-V block. The first sound is accentuated with short P-R intervals, becomes faint when the P-R interval is in the neighborhood of 0.20 to 0.30 second, and becomes loud again with relatively long P-R intervals. Repeated observations over a number of years demonstrated the effects of growth and aging on these phenomena. The data appear to indicate that the variable intensity of the first sound in complete A-V block is related to the position of the mitral valve at the time of ventricular systole.
Relative Frequencies of Anaerobes
Authors: JOHN A. WASHINGTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 December 1975Relative Frequencies of AnaerobesJOHN A. WASHINGTON II, M.D.JOHN A. WASHINGTON II, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-908_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the UCLA Conference on the management of anaerobic infections (Ann Intern Med83:375-389, 1975) by Finegold and coworkers it is erroneously stated (p. 384) thatBacteroides fragilisis the second most frequent isolate from blood cultures at the Mayo Clinic (personal communication from myself is cited). In fact, anaerobes are isolated from approximately 13% of positive cultures, representing approximately 20% of bacteremic patients (excluding those withPropionibacterium) at the Mayo Clinic and affiliated hospitals. During the years of 1970 through 1972 bacteroidaceae represented the second most frequentGram-negative bacillaryisolate from blood cultures (1). Bacteroidaceae represented...References1. WASHINGTON J: Anaerobic bacteria, in Antibiotics and Infection, edited by SMITH IM, DONTA ST, RABINOVICH S. Flushing, New York, Spectrum Publications, 1974, pp 71-84 Google Scholar2. WILSONMARTINWILKOWSKE WWC: Anaerobic bacteremia. Mayo Clin Proc 47:639-646, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Section of Clinical Microbiology Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAnaerobic bacteria in pediatric infections 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 908-908KeywordsBacteroidesBloodHospitals ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Rate-dependent changes in excitability of depressed cardiac Purkinje fibers as a mechanism of intermittent bundle branch block.
Authors: J Jalife, C Antzelevitch, V Lamanna, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation (1983)

When the heart rate is accelerated, rate-dependent intraventricular block may occur. This block has been attributed to abnormal action potential prolongation in a diseased conducting pathway. Less often, intraventricular block develops during slowing of the heart rate and has been explained in terms of phase 4 depolarization in potentially automatic cells within the diseased fascicle. We tested these hypotheses in isolated bundles of Purkinje fibers placed in a three-chambered tissue bath. In one group of experiments, conditions of localized injury and depressed excitability were mimicked by superfusing the central segment with sucrose solution. Action potentials were initiated in the proximal segment while the slope of phase 4 of cells in the distal end was controlled by intracellular ramps of current of either polarity. In these preparations, phase 4 depolarization facilitated rather than retarded propagation across the depressed segment, even at takeoff potentials as low as -45 mV. In a second group, depressed excitability was induced by exposing the three fiber segments to Tyrode's solution that contained high concentrations of KCl and CaCl2 or isoproterenol (0.1 microgram/ml). Under these conditions, Purkinje fibers did not undergo phase 4 depolarization and did not generate abnormally prolonged action potentials. These preparations showed a biphasic time dependence of conduction during premature stimulation or in response to changes in the basic cycle length. Conduction impairment and block were manifest at either side of an optimal interval or cycle length. Our results suggest that phase 4 depolarization and abnormally prolonged action potentials are not necessary conditions for intermittent block. Both tachycardia and bradycardia-dependent intraventricular conduction abnormalities may be associated with time-dependent variations in the excitability of depolarized conducting fibers as well as in the amplitude of the slow responses generated by these fibers. These alterations can be explained in terms of regulation of slow inward current by the intracellular calcium concentration.
Intravenous Drug Users and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Counseling-Reply
Authors: James L. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Lampinen et al express concern with our conclusion that "in the current year 89.8% of our sample reported no needle sharing, which certainly would argue against a plan to give clean needles or bleach." They note that 26.6% of our respondents failed to answer the question, and that a further bias may have been introduced because approximately 32% of our sample had at least some college education as contrasted to only 19% in our total methadone maintenance treatment program patient population of 1393 patients. It is further pointed out that patients may have understated their amount of needle sharing for fear of staff disapproval. Finally, it is said that our findings would only apply to patients currently in a methadone maintenance treatment program and not to those who had dropped out. We were careful to note that our patients do not represent all IV drug users. We ourselves
Diffuse FDG Uptake in the Lungs in Aspiration Pneumonia on Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging
Authors: Jian Q. Yu, Rakesh Kumar, Yan Xiu, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The radiologic manifestations of aspiration pneumonia are protean and have been well-described. FDG PET has been used successfully in the evaluation of cancer. However, FDG is not a tumor-specific radiotracer. The authors present a case of aspiration pneumonia that demonstrated extensive and diffusely increased FDG uptake in bilateral posterior basal lungs on PET imaging.
Urinary Specific Gravity During Excretory Urography
Authors: Sumner Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Estimation of renal function utilizing the excretory urogram is generally unsatisfactory, except when judged from early films. By comparing the specific gravity of urine specimens obtained just prior to the administration of the contrast medium and prior to the postvoiding film, the radiologist could obtain an objective measure of renal function which would permit a more accurate interpretation of the urogram. The test is accurate and simply performed, requiring only a hydrometer and two specimen bottles. Neither accurate timing nor volume determinations are necessary. The referring physician could be provided with the radiographic findings and a quantitative measure of renal function at no additional expense to the patient.
Abstract 2526: CP690550 inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-9 and IL-15 mediated JAK3 activation and proliferation of T cells obtained from patients with HTLV-1-associated adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Wei Ju, Meili Zhang, Bonita R. Bryant, Jing Chen, John C. Morris, John E. Janik, Thomas A. Waldmann, Jian-kang Jiang, Craig J. Thomas, Steven Jacobson, Unsong Oh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The retrovirus, human T cell lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic agent of ATL and the neurological disorder, HAM/TSP. Infection with HTLV-1 results in viral tax protein mediated constitutive activation of the JAK3/STAT5 pathway in patients' T-lymphocytes that is believed to result in malignant transformation or autoimmunity. JAK3 plays a key role in cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction including the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21 that use the common γ- chain. This suggests that inhibitors of JAK3 may be of benefit in HTLV-1-associated diseases. We evaluated the effect of a novel small molecule JAK3 inhibitor, CP690550 on the cytokine-dependent cell line, NK92. CP690550 at 50 or 100 nM effectively inhibited the proliferation of IL-2-stimulated NK92 cells, but not NK92 that were stimulated with IL-12 or the combination of IL-6 and its receptor (IL-6R) that do not utilize the common γ-chain and JAK3 for signaling and proliferation. We also demonstrated the relative specificity of this inhibitor on another cytokine-dependent cell line, 32Dβ where at 50 or 100 nM CP690550 inhibited IL-2 and JAK3 mediated proliferation but did not affect murine IL-3-mediated cell proliferation. The activation mediated phosphorylation of STAT5 in NK92 cells in response to IL-2 stimulation was inhibited by CP690550. We evaluated the action of CP690550 on the ex vivo proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from selected patients with the smoldering or chronic subtypes of ATL, or HAM/TSP whose PBMC are associated with the production of cytokines, in particular, IL-2, IL-9 and IL-15 that use the common γ-chain and JAK3. CP690550 at 50 nM inhibited the ex vivo spontaneous proliferation of PBMC from 11 patients with ATL and 9 patients with HAM/TSP at 6-day by means of 66% and 86.4%, respectively. CP690550 also inhibited the proliferation of NK92 cells stimulated with the 6-day ex vivo PBMC culture supernatants from ATL and HAM/TSP patients by a mean of 83.9% and 82%, respectively. We also demonstrated that CP690550 effectively inhibited the activation of the JAK3/STAT5 pathway in isolated T-cells from ATL patients. On the basis of this study, the JAK3 inhibitor CP690550 deserve further study as a potential therapeutic agent for select patients with HTLV-1-associated ATL and HAM/TSP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2526.
Diagnostic Strategies for Extrahepatic Cholestasis of Indefinite Origin: Endoscopic Ultrasonography or Retrograde Cholangiography? Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: P. Burtin, L. Palazzo, J.-M. Canard, B. Person, F Oberti, J. Boyer
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Due to its lower morbidity, it has been suggested that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) might replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in the management of extrahepatic cholestasis of unknown origin. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of EUS and ERC in the management of cholestasis of unknown origin, taking into account the patient's general status and the necessity of endoscopic therapy.
The Cardiovascular Effect of Induced Controlled Anoxemia
Authors: WILLIAM R. SCARBOROUGH, RAYMOND PENNEYS, CAROLINE B. THOMAS, BENJAMIN M. BAKER, ROBERT E. MASON, Jacob Beser, Salle A. Lore, Grace Saltzer
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Cardiovascular responses were studied by means of the ballistocardiograph and electrocardiograph in 16 normal subjects and 11 patients with suspected coronary artery disease before, during and after the induction of oximetrically controlled anoxemia. Progressive and significant increases occurred in cardiac output, pulse rate, left ventricular work, maximum cardiac force and pulse pressure during anoxemia in all of the normal subjects and in the 5 patients whose ballistocardiograms allowed the calculation of these variables. The increase in cardiac output resulted almost entirely from an acceleration of cardiac rate. In the normal subjects control ballistocardiograms were normal in form and remained normal throughout anoxemia. Of the patients, 1 with normal, 2 with borderline and 1 with abnormal ballistocardiograms became abnormal or more abnormal. Two of the patients had a positive electrocardiographic test for coronary insufficiency while the test was negative in all of the normal subjects. The linear relationship between left ventricular work and arterial oxygen saturation suggests that when cardiovascular function is tested by means of anoxemic stress the level of arterial desaturation should be controllable. This is made possible by the use of a variable oxygen-nitrogen mixture and an oximeter.
First-pass entry of nonionic contrast agent into the myocardial extravascular space. Effects on radiographic estimates of transit time and blood volume.
Authors: J M Canty, R M Judd, A S Brody, F J Klocke
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Almost all x-ray-based techniques intended to assess regional myocardial perfusion from myocardial concentration-time curves following the administration of soluble contrast agents assume that these agents behave as intravascular indicators and can therefore provide measurements of intravascular transit time and intramyocardial blood volume. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested this assumption by comparing a conventional nonionic contrast agent (ioversol) to a particulate emulsion (ethiodol) that remained in the vascular space in closed-chest dogs during pharmacological vasodilation. Using fast computed tomography (CT), pairs of myocardial CT intensity-time curves were obtained following sequential bolus aortic administration of the two contrast agents. The emulsion (particle size less than 3 microns) was almost completely washed out of the myocardial region of interest within a few seconds, as would be anticipated for a vascular indicator. At the onset of recirculation, CT intensity for ethiodol fell to 5 +/- 1% (SEM) of peak values in normally perfused areas and to 10 +/- 4% of peak values in an area in which flow had been reduced by 50% by a chronically implanted coronary artery occluder (p = NS). In comparison, the diffusible nonionic contrast agent ioversol showed substantial intramyocardial retention at the onset of recirculation. At the time of recirculation, CT intensities for ioversol averaged 36 +/- 2% of peak values in normally perfused nonstenotic areas and 54 +/- 4% of peak values in stenotic areas (p less than 0.01). Using residue function analysis for a diffusible indicator, first-pass extractions of the conventional nonionic agent averaged 33 +/- 2% in normally perfused areas and 50 +/- 3% in stenotic areas (p less than 0.01). Because of the significant first-pass myocardial retention of ioversol, both mean myocardial appearance time and intramyocardial blood volume were consistently overestimated. CONCLUSIONS Soluble radiographic contrast agents, like other small molecules, enter the interstitial space to a degree, which is important because it affects estimates of myocardial perfusion based on transit time and intramyocardial blood volume. Indicator dilution models intended to quantify myocardial perfusion with conventional radiographic contrast agents need to account for this extravascular exchange.
Effects of inotropic stimulation on phosphate compounds in ischaemic canine hearts
Authors: S. Yanagi, K. Takeuchi, T. Takeda, M. Ishikawa, I. Miura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to evaluate regional coronary blood flow, contractile function, and concentration of phosphate compounds with inotropic stimulation in moderately ischaemic canine hearts.Dogs were prepared with instrumentation for the determination of regional coronary blood flow (non-radioactive microsphere method), contractile function (sonomicrometry), and haemodynamics. Myocardial phosphate compounds were measured simultaneously by the phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopic technique.In the non-ischaemic condition, dobutamine increased regional coronary blood flow and enhanced contractile function with no significant changes in myocardial phosphate compounds. After constricting the left anterior descending coronary artery, dogs were divided into two groups according to their heart beat response to dobutamine, classified as no pronounced tachycardia with dobutamine (group NT), and pronounced tachycardia (group T). In group NT, dobutamine increased regional coronary blood flow and improved regional contractile function with no significant effect on myocardial phosphate compounds. In group T, dobutamine failed to increase regional coronary blood flow or to improve contractile function, but there was a significant increase in the inorganic phosphate to creatinine phosphate ratio.Dobutamine increased coronary blood flow and augmented contractile function without significant changes in phosphate compounds in the moderately ischaemic heart, when pronounced tachycardia was not induced. The augmentation of contractile function occurred without prominent improvement in energy metabolism.