tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>BRCA1</i>Mutations in a Population-Based Sample of Young Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Amelia A. Langston, Kathleen E. Malone, Jennifer D. Thompson, Janet R. Daling, Elaine A. Ostrander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 gene are associated with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer in some families. However, little is known about the contribution of BRCA1 mutations to breast cancer in the general population. We analyzed DNA samples from women enrolled in a population-based study of early-onset breast cancer to assess the spectrum and frequency of germ-line BRCA1 mutations in young women with breast cancer.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Human Cardiac Homeobox Gene <i>CSX1</i>
Authors: Ichiro Shiojima, Issei Komuro, Takehiko Mizuno, Ryuichi Aikawa, Hiroshi Akazawa, Toru Oka, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Yoshio Yazaki
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Accumulating evidence has suggested that homeodomain-containing proteins play critical roles in regulating the tissue-specific gene expression essential for tissue differentiation and in determining the temporal and spatial patterns of development. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of human heart development, we have isolated a human homologue of the murine cardiac homeobox gene Csx (also called Nkx-2.5) and denoted it as CSX1. The amino acid sequence of the CSX1 homeodomain is 100% and 67% identical to that of murine Csx/Nkx-2.5 and Drosophila tinman, respectively. CSX1 has at least three isoforms generated by an alternative splicing mechanism. One of these isoforms ( CSX1a ) encodes a protein of ≈35 kD that possesses the homeodomain, whereas the other two ( CSX1b and CSX1c ) encode a truncated protein of ≈12 kD that is identical to the CSX1a protein at the amino-terminal 112 amino acids but lacks the homeodomain. Northern blot analysis showed that CSX1 transcripts are abundantly expressed in both fetal and adult hearts, but no signal was detected in other human tissues examined. Amplification of each isoform by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction revealed that all of the three isoforms are expressed in fetal and adult hearts and that the homeobox-containing isoform CSX1a is most abundant. The homeodomain-containing protein encoded by CSX1a binds to Csx/Nkx-2.5 binding sequences and transactivates the sequence-containing luciferase reporter gene. Unexpectedly, the homeodomain-lacking protein encoded by CSX1b also transactivates the reporter gene, although CSX1b does not bind to the Csx / Nkx-2.5 binding sequences. The highly conserved homeodomain sequence in evolution and the restricted expression in the heart suggest that CSX1 plays an important role in the development and differentiation of the human heart and that there may be two different mechanisms in transcriptional regulation by the CSX1 protein, homeodomain-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
A Rare but Fatal Cause of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: C. Folwaczny, K. Loeschke, M. Schmidt-Achert
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

In September 1999, a 50-year-old man developed watery diarrhea with occasional hematochezia and abdominal cramps. The average stool frequency was about ten times in 24 h. When first seen as an outpatient 6 weeks later, he had lost 10 kg in weight and had tachypnea (24/min), hypotension (80 mmHg, systolic) and tachycardia (100/min). Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, marked anemia (hemoglobin 8 g/dl) and hypoproteinemia (3 g/dl) with edema of the lower limbs were present. The microbiological and parasitological stool examination were normal. Abdominal ultrasonography showed marked thickening of the hypoechoic colonic wall (12 mm), with loss of layering in the left hemicolon, whereas the remainder of the colon and the small bowel appeared normal. On colonoscopy (which terminated at the left flexure due to the patient’s condition), severe ulcerative colitis was seen. However, the macroscopic picture was atypical for inflammatory bowel disease or any type of infectious enterocolitis. In the rectosigmoid, multiple small nodular lesions with occasional mucosal pinpoint-like hemorrhage were seen. In the descending colon, there were deep ulcerations partially covered by fibrin and surrounded in a circular fashion by protruding tissue (Figure [1]). The histopathological findings were compatible with unclassified colitis. The ulcerations extended beyond the mucosa, and the pathologist was unable to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Islets Transplanted in Immunoisolation Devices: A Review of the Progress and the Challenges that Remain
Authors: Esther S. O'Sullivan, Arturo Vegas, Daniel G. Anderson, Gordon C. Weir
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

The concept of using an immunoisolation device to facilitate the transplantation of islets without the need for immunosuppression has been around for more than 50 yr. Significant progress has been made in developing suitable materials that satisfy the need for biocompatibility, durability, and permselectivity. However, the search is ongoing for a device that allows sufficient oxygen transfer while maintaining a barrier to immune cells and preventing rejection of the transplanted tissue. Separating the islets from the rich blood supply in the native pancreas takes its toll. The immunoisolated islets commonly suffer from hypoxia and necrosis, which in turn triggers a host immune response. Efforts have been made to improve the supply of nutrients by using proangiogenic factors to augment the development of a vascular supply in the transplant site, by using small islet cell aggregates to reduce the barrier to diffusion of oxygen, or by creating scaffolds that are in close proximity to a vascular network such as the omental blood supply. Even if these efforts are successful, the shortage of donor islet tissue available for transplantation remains a major problem. To this end, a search for a renewable source of insulin-producing cells is ongoing; whether these will come from adult or embryonic stem cells or xenogeneic sources remains to be seen. Herein we will review the above issues and chart the progress made with various immunoisolation devices in small and large animal models and the small number of clinical trials carried out to date.
Inhibition Of Airway Inflammation And HIV Entry By NNY-CCL14 Treatment: Role Of CCR1 And CCR5
Authors: S. Gupta, B. Fuchs, S. Schulz-Maronde, A. Heitland, S.E. Escher, J. Münch, F. Kirchhoff, M. Mack, H.C. Tillmann, A. Braun, W.G. Forssmann, U. Forssmann, J. Elsner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Pulmonary-Artery Catheters — Peace at Last?
Authors: Deborah Shure
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The history of the use of the pulmonary-artery catheter (PAC) illustrates a great deal about physicians' often uncritical acceptance of technology in clinical applications. In 1956, Forssmann, Cournand, and Richards were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of heart catheterization and consequent discoveries in cardiac pathophysiology. Forssmann performed the first right heart catheterization, on himself, in 1929. The catheterization work of Cournand and Richards at the Bellevue Hospital Chest Service began in the 1940s, and it initiated a new era in cardiopulmonary physiology, providing important insights into hemodynamics, gas exchange, and heart–lung interactions. Their studies . . .
1156-63 Inaccuracy of Doppler ultrasonography for assessing restenosis after internal carotid artery stenting
Authors: Ravish Sachar, Herbert D Aronow, Ivan P Casserly, Mobeen Sheikh, Samir Kapadia, Deepak L Bhatt, Christopher Bajzer, Jay S Yadav
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Extra-Skeletal Uptake of 99mTc-Sn-Pyrophosphate in Hypercalcemia Associated With Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: PRAKASH B. CHHABRIA, ROBERT M. STANKEY, S THEODORE PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

CHHABRIA, PRAKASH B. M.D.*; STANKEY, ROBERT M. M.D.†; PINSKY, S THEODORE M.D.† Author Information
Facultative to strict anaerobes ratio in the preterm infant microbiota
Authors: Silvia Arboleya, Gonzalo Solís, Nuria Fernández, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, Miguel Gueimonde
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

During recent years there has been an increasing interest on the development of strategies for modulating the process of microbiota establishment in preterm infants. For successfully developing of such strategies, a detailed knowledge of the microbiota establishment process in these infants is needed. In a previous study we evidenced clear alterations in the process of microbiota establishment in preterm newborns when compared with a control group of full-term breast-fed infants. Here we have analyzed these data more in depth, corroborating a reduced proportion of strict anaerobes with respect to facultatives in the fecal microbiota of preterm infants. The potential benefits, as well as the side effects, of strategies aimed at counterbalancing this alteration in the facultative to strict anaerobes ratio are discussed in this addendum.
Relationship of serum gastrin response to lower oesophageal sphincter pressure.
Authors: J Dent, J Hansky
Journal: Gut (1976)

The role of gastrin in controlling lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) has been examined by measurement of LESP and serum gastrin response to a test protein solution and a control solution in humans. Both solutions were associated with significant (P less than 0-005) rise in LESP, but serum gastrin rose significantly (P=0-05) only after the protein solution. The rise in serum gastrin after the protein solution preceded the rise in LESP by 30 minutes. These results suggest that the lower oesophageal sphincter response to feeding may be independent of protein and is unrelated to gastrin release.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak caused by coxsackievirus A6, China, 2013
Authors: Jian-Feng Han, Shuang Xu, Yu Zhang, Shun-Ya Zhu, Dong-Lin Wu, Xian-Da Yang, Hong Liu, Bing-Xin Sun, Xiao-Yan Wu, Cheng-Feng Qin
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
RECENT PHASES IN PSYCHIATRY.
Authors: WILLIAM G. STEARNS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

When I first began the study of insanity I thoroughly and comparatively read several standard works on mental diseases, and after finishing them I had no clear comprehension of one single psychosis. It was only after much clinical study, in which no reference was made to text-books, that I gained any satisfactorily definite knowledge of mental diseases. The confusion arising to the student from the many different bases for classification, and the consequently large number of terms for the different abnormal mental states is most bewildering. It has been said of the alienist that, when he thinks he has finished his studies, he constructs a classification. While I have not finished my studies, I, nevertheless, have been unable to find in a text-book a classification that for my own clinical use formed a practical working basis. I am not alone in this attitude, and yet when working side by side
Human factors training for core surgical trainees: The Severn experience
Authors: Mark Jones, Henry Burnand, Jonathan Mutimer, Robert Longman, Steve Mitchell
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

s / International Journal of Surgery 11 (2013) 686e745 689 ABSTRACTS 0258: HUMAN FACTORS TRAINING FOR CORE SURGICAL TRAINEES: THE SEVERN EXPERIENCE Mark Jones , Henry Burnand , Jonathan Mutimer , Robert Longman , Steve Mitchell . University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, UK; Gloucester Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire, UK; Cheltenham Hospital, Cheltenham, UK. Aim: Human factors training has an increasing role to play in enhancing patient safety and reducing medical errors. We report the implementation of a human factors course in the Severn Deanery with the aim to familiarise junior surgeons with the non-technical skills required for their surgical career Method: Since 2009, Severn School of Surgery has developed a compulsory human factors course specifically for core surgical trainees. At the regional simulation centre, the day consists of lectures followed by 30minute simulation scenarios based around the taxonomy of surgeons' nontechnical skills: situation awareness, clinical decision making, communication, and team working and leadership skills. Faculty for the day comprises previous course participants at both consultant and trainee level (CT1-ST7). Results: Post-course evaluation has shown that the human factors teaching would change the practice of 91% of participating trainees and that all (n1⁄433) perceived the skills they had learned on the course as transferable to their day-to-day work. Conclusion: Currently Severn is the only deanery to offer human factors training for core surgical trainees. Given the importance of reducing human error, human factors training for junior trainees has a vital place in core surgical training and is highly recommended to other deaneries. 0284: TRAINEE PERCEPTIONS OF UPWARD FEEDBACK IN GENERAL SURGERY Paul Barrow, Stevie Agius, Paul Baker. NHS North Western Deanery,
Abstract 673: Obesity, weight gain, physical activity and polymorphism in mTOR pathway and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Shu, Jie Lin, Christopher G. Wood, Nizar M. Tannir, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The role of obesity, physical activity and weight gain in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been well understood. Given the crucial role of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (or mTOR pathway) plays in metabolism, cell growth and tumorigenesis, it is important to evaluate the joint effect of genetic variants in this pathway and energy balance risk factors for RCC. Methods: In this case-control study, 577 Caucasian cases and 593 Caucasian healthy controls were included in the analyses. Cases and controls were frequency-matched by age (±5 years), gender and county of residence. Epidemiological data were collected via in-person interview. Genotyping data of 157 SNPs was extracted from previous GWAS which has been done using Illumina HumanHap660K/610K BeadChips in the laboratory. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Obesity at age 20, age 40 and 3 years prior to the diagnosis or recruitment were each significantly associated with increased RCC risk. Moderate (10.1-25 lbs) and massive weight gains (&amp;gt;25 lbs) from age 20 to 40 increased RCC risk by 46% (95%CI: 1.16-2.34) and 62% (95%CI: 1.10-2.39), respectively. Low physical activity was associated with 4.08-fold (95%CI: 2.92-5.70) of increased RCC risk. Three SNPs had significant association and their cumulative effect had increased the risk up to 85% (OR: 1.85, 95%CI: 1.28-2.68). When considering multiple risk factors, subjects who were overweight or obese, experienced weight gain during adulthood (&amp;gt;10 lbs), had history of hypertension and unfavorable genotypes in mTOR pathway had 12.84-fold increased risk (95%CI: 5.08-32.46) of RCC. Conclusion: Our results provided strong evidence that energy balance risk factors and genetic variants in mTOR pathway could jointly influence the susceptibility to RCC. Our findings have implications on RCC prevention if confirmed in future independent studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 673. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-673
99 Anti-mitochondrial IGA antibody induces apoptosis to MDCK cells bearing human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor: evidence for AMA induced immunopathology
Authors: S MATSUMURA, P LEUNG, J VANDEWATER, K YAMAMOTO, Y SHIRATORI, G GORES, A ANSARI, R COPPEL, M GERSHWIN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Equilibrium vapour pressures of six saturated and seventy-four mono-unsaturated C10-C16 even-carbon aldehydes were determined using a method based on gas chromatographic (GC) retention data. GC measurements were carried out on a 3-m HP-1 capillary column at five to seven temperatures in the range of 35–140 °C by utilising saturated n-12,n-13, n-17 and n-18 hydrocarbons as vapour pressure reference standards. A close correlation, viz. In P [Pa] = 14.008 - 1.105nc (r = 0.99%) has been found between the vapour pressures P and the number of carbon atoms (nc), indicating a vapour pressure decrease by a factor of 3.02 for each CH2 group added in the alkanal chain. For structurally similar subseries of alkenals (ω−3, ω−5 and ω−7 unsaturation), the vapour pressures were also shown to have a simple dependence on nc. Within each alkenal subseries, isomers having Z-configuration had mostly greater vapour pressures than their E-counterparts.
Alternative splicing due to an intronic SNP in HMSD generates a novel minor histocompatibility antigen
Authors: Takakazu Kawase, Yoshiki Akatsuka, Hiroki Torikai, Satoko Morishima, Akira Oka, Akane Tsujimura, Mikinori Miyazaki, Kunio Tsujimura, Koichi Miyamura, Seishi Ogawa, Hidetoshi Inoko, Yasuo Morishima, Yoshihisa Kodera, Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Toshitada Takahashi
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cobblestone appearance in the colon of a 24-year-old man
Authors: T. Kobayashi, S. Shikuwa, Y. Matuoka, M. Ito, H. Isomoto, S. Kohno
Journal: Gut (2008)

A 24-year-old man was admitted due to intractable diarrhoea. Physical examination revealed waxy papular skin lesions of the neck and axilla. He had a leukocytosis (10 400/μl) but there were no abnormalities in biochemical and serological data including serum …
Automatic calculation of the nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS) using a patient data management system
Authors: Axel Junger, Florian Brenck, Bernd Hartmann, Joachim Klasen, Lorenzo Quinzio, Matthias Benson, Achim Michel, Rainer Röhrig, Gunter Hempelmann
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Activated B cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency proliferate and synthesize immunoglobulin.
Authors: S Nonoyama, M Farrington, H Ishida, M Howard, H D Ochs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Most patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) have normal numbers of circulating B cells but low concentrations of serum Ig. To determine if the hypogammaglobulinemia is caused by an intrinsic B cell defect, we studied B cell function of 22 CVI patients. Cultured B cells from all CVI patients underwent normal proliferation and synthesized normal quantities of IgE in the presence of anti-CD40 and IL-4. If cultured with anti-CD40 and IL-10, four patterns of Ig isotype synthesis were observed. Six CVI patients produced normal amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA. Four patients produced normal quantities of IgM and IgG. Of the remaining 12 patients who failed to synthesize IgG and IgA, 8 produced normal and 4 synthesized decreased amounts of IgM. Analysis of the IgG subclasses produced by 10 patients with IgG-secreting B cells revealed that IgG4 was the most affected subclass, followed by IgG2; synthesis of IgG3 and IgG1 remained normal. Similarly, in the six IgA producing patients, IgA2 was more often affected than IgA1. The hierarchy of Ig isotype and subclass synthesis corresponds to Ig heavy chain constant region gene location on chromosome 14. Thus, circulating B cells of CVI patients are committed to synthesize one or more Ig isotypes or subclasses, and under proper conditions can proliferate, mature into Ig-secreting cells, and undergo class switch to IgE.
Ambulatory visits to hospital emergency departments. Patterns and reasons for use. 24 Hours in the ED Study Group
Authors: G. P. Young
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To characterize the reasons ambulatory patients use hospital emergency departments (EDs) for outpatient care and to determine the proportion of ED patients who initially are assessed as having nonurgent conditions, but subsequently are hospitalized.Cross-sectional survey during a single 24-hour period of time.Fifty-six hospital EDs nationwide.Consecutive ambulatory patients presenting for care. Patents who arrived by ambulance were excluded.Of 6441 ambulatory patients (79 percent of all ED visits) who were eligible for study, interviews were obtained from 6187 (96 percent). A total of 5323 patients (86 percent) had clinical reasons or preferences for seeking care at an ED, including 2799 (45 percent) who thought they had an emergency or an urgent condition or were too sick to go elsewhere. Nineteen percent (n=1199) reported that they were sent to the ED by a health care professional. Patients with a regular clinician or with insurance cited similar reasons for seeking care at an ED. A total of 3062 patients (50 percent) cited 1 or more nonfinancial barriers to care as an important reason for coming to the ED, and 949 (15 percent) cited financial considerations. A total of 3045 patents (49 percent of ambulatory patients and 37 percent of total ED visits) were assessed at triage as having a nonurgent condition; 166 of them (5.5 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.7 percent-6.3 percent) were admitted to the hospital.Most ambulatory patients seek care in an ED because of worrisome symptoms or nonfinancial barriers to care. Although many ambulatory patients appear to have nonurgent conditions based on triage classification, a small but disturbing percentage of nonurgent patients are hospitalized.
Typhoid Fever Complicated By a Perforated Gangrenous Appendix*
Authors: MITCHELL BERNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 February 1930Typhoid Fever Complicated By a Perforated Gangrenous AppendixReport of a Case with RecoveryMITCHELL BERNSTEIN, M.D.MITCHELL BERNSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-8-835 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAppendicitis complicating typhoid fever is not of frequent occurrence, but failure to recognize this important complication may prove of serious consequence. Statistics reveal the total typhoid fever death rate for seventy-four cities of the United States during 1928 at 1.89 per 100,000 population.1 Some of these deaths were doubtless due to complications such as perforation and hemorrhage. In addition, appendicitis complicating typhoid fever, unless recognized and properly treated, may end fatally, because of suppuration, perforation, or both.Previous attacks of appendicitis predispose to an acute flare-up at any time during the course of typhoid fever. The symptoms may be so... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa.*From the Medical Service of Dr. Bernard Kohn, Jewish Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa.1J. A. M. A., 92: No. 20, pp. 1677, 1929. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1930Volume 3, Issue 8Page: 835-837KeywordsAppendicitisDeath ratesHemorrhagic feversMedical servicesPopulation statisticsTyphoid Issue Published: 1 February 1930 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Richard Douglas Jackson
Authors: G. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Kendal (b Northumberland 1934; q Leeds 1958; DRCOG), died in Tromso, Norway, on 28 August 2002 following a fall from a yacht.

After national service as a Royal Air Force medical officer in Aden, Dick Jackson spent a year at Crawley Hospital to gain further experience in obstetrics and gynaecology before entering general practice in the Lake District. He was a fell runner, ran in four London marathons, and was a valued member of the Kendal Mountain Rescue Team for 20 years, but sailing was probably his first love. He qualified as a yachtmaster and spent many happy hours cruising around Scotland and the Mediterranean. He leaves a wife, Gill; four children; and seven grandchildren.