tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of hypoxia-inducible factors and of vascular endothelial growth factor in infants with congenital cardiac defect
Authors: Qing Ma, Agnes Görlach, Kathrin Schumacher, Jaime F. Vazquez-Jimenez, John Hess, Götz von Bernuth, Marie-Christine Seghaye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Pleural Cysts Simulating Mediastinal Tumors
Authors: Robert W. Jamplis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

PLEURAL CYSTS are rare developmental anomalies which involve the parietal pleura, most commonly on the diaphragmatic surface. These cysts contain serous fluid of low specific gravity and are composed of a thin fibrous wall with an inner mesothelial layer. They are analagous to the "spring-water" cysts (pericardial coelomic, pleuropericardial cysts) which arise from the parietal pericardium. A pleural cyst is radio-opaque and if sufficiently large and appropriately situated, may be visible on the chest roentgenogram. Depending upon its location, it may simulate a chest-wall tumor, a diaphragmatic tumor, a mediastinal tumor, or a subpleural intrapulmonary solitary circumscribed mass. In 1936, Freedman and Simon<sup>1</sup>reported a case of a simple cyst of the parietal pleura situated on the left diaphragm, and reviewed 16 cases of pleural cysts in the German literature. Only a few scattered reports have appeared subsequently. Because of the rarity of these lesions, it is of interest
"MEDICAL HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE"
Authors: Lafayette B. Mendel
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To  Editor:  —I suspect that more than one teacher of medical students has been somewhat disconcerted after reading  editorial comment on medical historical perspective inThe Journal(November 21, p. 1645). The item details  replies of thirty junior and senior students to an inquiry regarding the names of five persons who, in their opinion, might be considered as having made  greatest contributions to medical science. The editorial writer, after listing  students' answers, comments: How many had a clear conception of what constitute contributions to  progress of medical sciences?  Let us admit frankly at  outset that the mark of  cultured man in any field is a knowledge of its background and its growth, and of its relation to  rest of  cosmic scheme that we call civilization. In a recently published historical outline, M. G. Seelig (Medicine, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Company,
Parent initiated prednisolone for acute asthma in children of school age: randomised controlled crossover trial
Authors: P J Vuillermin, C F Robertson, J B Carlin, S L Brennan, M I Biscan, M South
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the efficacy of a short course of parent initiated oral prednisolone for acute asthma in children of school age. <b>Design</b> Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover trial in which episodes of asthma, rather than participants, were randomised to treatment. <b>Setting</b> The Barwon region of Victoria, Australia. <b>Participants</b> Children aged 5-12 years with a history of recurrent episodes of acute asthma. <b>Intervention</b> A short course of parent initiated treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg a day) or placebo. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome measure was the mean daytime symptom score over seven days. Secondary outcome measures were mean night time symptom score over seven days, use of health resources, and school absenteeism. <b>Results</b> 230 children were enrolled in the study. Over a three year period, 131 (57%) of the participants contributed a total of 308 episodes of asthma that required parent initiated treatment: 155 episodes were treated with parent initiated prednisolone and 153 with placebo. The mean daytime symptom score was 15% lower in episodes treated with prednisolone than in those treated with placebo (geometric mean ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.023). Treatment with prednisolone was also associated with a 16% reduction in the night time symptom score (geometric mean ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.00; P=0.050), a reduced risk of health resource use (odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.86; P=0.010), and reduced school absenteeism (mean difference −0.4 days, 95% CI −0.8 to 0.0 days; P=0.045). <b>Conclusion</b> A short course of oral prednisolone initiated by parents when their child experiences an episode of acute asthma may reduce asthma symptoms, health resource use, and school absenteeism. However, the modest benefits of this strategy must be balanced against potential side effects of repeated short courses of an oral corticosteroid. <b>Trial registration</b> ISRCTN 26232583.
Spatial inference: No difference between mental images and mental models
Authors: Markus Knauff, Christoph Schlieder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In contrast to Pylyshyn's view, there is no such thing as “reasoning in general.” Different types of reasoning tasks are solved with different reasoning strategies. A more specific null hypothesis is that spatial inference with mental images involves the same representational formalism as that of spatial inference with mental models. There is no evidence that this hypothesis must be rejected.
Chronic amiodarone therapy prior to cardiac transplantation does not increase the perioperative risk
Authors: Catherine Chelimsky-Fallick, Jon Kobashigawa, William G. Stevenson, Holly Middlekauff, Erica Brownfield, Jaime Moriguchi, Michele Hamilton, Davis Drinkwater, Hillel Laks, Lynne W. Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Alcohol, Firearms, and Suicide Among Youth
Authors: David A. Brent
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The death certificates and coroners' reports for all suicides, undetermined causes of death, and questionable accidents were obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Vital Statistics for 10- to 19-year-old residents of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, from 1960 to 1983. During the 24-year study period, 159 cases of definite suicide and 38 cases of likely suicide were noted. The suicide rate increased markedly among youth during the study period, particularly among white males aged 15 to 19 years, and was not due to changes in classification procedures over time. The suicide rate by firearms increased much faster than the suicide rate by other methods (2.5 vs 1.7-fold). The proportion of suicide victims who had detectable blood alcohol levels rose 3.6-fold from 12.9% in 1968 to 1972 to 46.0% in 1978 to 1983. Suicide victims who used firearms were 4.9 times more likely to have been drinking than were those who used other methods of suicide. The availability of firearms and the increased use of alcohol among youth may have made a significant contribution to the increase in the suicide rate among the young.
Novel pharmacologic therapies for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pamela L. Zeitlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The diagnosis of inherited disorders is increasingly more complex. It is no longer sufficient to make a clinical diagnosis. We must determine the precise sequence abnormalities in order to select the appropriate therapeutic approach. Whereas currently approved pharmaceuticals target the symptoms of CF, progress must now be made in repairing the nucleotide abnormality or intervening to assist a defective protein. This will also be true in other disorders. Monogenic inherited diseases affecting widely different gene families, tissues, or enzymatic pathways reveal common themes in their disruption of cellular processes. It is increasingly more likely that progress made with one orphan disease may favorably influence therapeutic development for another, as is currently being recognized for diseases that result from protein folding or trafficking abnormalities.

It has been harder to foresee that drugs developed for one purpose, such as the butyrates for excretion of waste nitrogen, also have profound effects on gene regulation and alternative enzymatic pathways in diseases such as the hemoglobinopathies, cystic fibrosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, and cancer. CF is a complex systemic inherited disorder with a wide variety of severity. The relative abundance of new compounds directed at the Class II trafficking mutation ΔF508 is encouraging and likely to benefit the majority of patients with CF. Because a single mutation can affect both protein function and location, combination therapies may be needed. Multiple approaches will almost certainly be required to control this disease.
What shall we teach undergraduates?
Authors: D B Jelliffe, E F Jelliffe
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This deplorable state of affairs, which is a cause of much wasted time and many un- necessary x-ray examinations, can be directly related to the very severe reduction in the amount of time which our medical schools allocate to the teaching and study of anatomy.In practical terms, it means that students become involved with contemplation of the abnormal before they have acquired a sound knowledge of the normal.Perhaps the tide is now beginning to turn, for, during the past year or so, there have been at least three publications affirming the importance of teaching radiological anatomy from the outset of the preclinical course.Can this really be just a coincidence ?
Abstract 5137: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor promotes angiogenesis and vascular permeability through modulation of endothelial cell activation
Authors: Su Jin Kim, Jeong-Ki Min, Yangsoon Lee, Sang Seok Koh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The soluble protein pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. We have recently reported that PAUF plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. However its role in angiogenesis, which is crucial feature of tumor development, has not yet been understood. We here show that PAUF promotes angiogenesis and induces vascular permeability via endothelial cell activation. PAUF increased angiogenic traits of HUVEC cells such as proliferation, migration, and vascular network formation in vitro, which were abrogated by treatment with antibodies against PAUF. Consistently, PAUF stimulated the sprouting of microvessels from aortic rings ex vivo and the development of blood vessels into matrigel plug loaded with PAUF in vivo. We also found that PAUF increased permeability of endothelial cells as a result of the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and promoted vascular leakiness of mouse skin. Intracellular signaling molecules ERK, AKT, and eNOS were activated in endothelial cell by PAUF, and chemical inhibitors for these signaling molecules inhibited PAUF-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Expression analysis of several angiogenic factors indicated that these observed angiogenic effects of PAUF were independent of VEGF. We will discuss potential mechanism of angiogenesis mediated by PAUF. Collectively, our studies demonstrate PAUF as a novel angiogenic factor promoting angiogenesis and vascular permeability and suggest that targeting for PAUF can be an effective therapeutic treatment strategy to reduce tumor angiogenesis correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5137. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5137
Cows for fear: is BSE a threat to human health? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Authors: J Josephson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

In 1996, a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)-a disease that causes lack of coordination, muscle twitching or jerking, dementia, and, eventually, death-suddenly appeared in Great Britain. It is believed that the victims contracted the disease from eating the beef of cattle stricken with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease. As of December 1997, at least 25 people in the United Kingdom and France have contracted vCJD.
Morphological and cellular basis for airflow limitation in smokers
Authors: M Saetta, R Finkelstein, MG Cosio
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Airflow limitation has two well-defined components, increased resistance, which is found predominantly in the small airways, and loss of elastic recoil. Small airways contribute to the increased resistance to flow by the narrowing of the airway lumen. Morphometric studies have shown that smokers have increased epithelial abnormalities, cellular inflammatory infiltrates in the airway wall, increased muscle and fibrosis, when compared with nonsmokers. Along with these anatomical changes, an increased percentage of airways &lt; 400 microns in diameter is found. In addition to the measured changes, other nonmeasurable, dynamic events occur in the airways of smokers, which further decrease lumen diameter. There is ample evidence to show that the airways of smokers react to nonspecific stimuli by constricting, which results in increased resistance and decreased forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). The pathological changes found in smokers, that could be responsible for active muscle constriction and airway narrowing include: 1) airway epithelial damage, resulting in increased permeability and impairment of other epithelial function; 2) chronic airway inflammation; 3) structural changes in the airway wall; and 4) loss of alveolar attachments. However, not all smokers develop the abovementioned airway abnormalities. We describe how smokers could develop either centrilobular emphysema (CLE), or panlobular emphysema (PLE). We have found that smokers with CLE have more abnormal and narrower small airways, and flow limitation is correlated with the small airway abnormalities and not with loss of recoil. In contrast, smokers with PLE have much less severe airway abnormalities, diffuse emphysema that can be detected microscopically at a stage when FEV1 might be only mildly abnormal, and early changes in elastic recoil as evidenced by the changes in the pressure-volume curve of the lung. Furthermore, in PLE, airflow limitation is correlated with loss of recoil but not with abnormalities in the small airways. We believe that the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the two types of emphysema in smokers are different; an airborne mechanism for CLE, possibly related to airway hyperresponsiveness, and a bloodborne mechanism for PLE, which may be related to dysfunction of alpha 1-antiproteases. We conclude that the separation of smokers based on their emphysema type is essential if we are to understand the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in these subjects.
Lipid Particles May Help Solve Puzzle Regarding Genesis of Some Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

AN ENDURING topic of interest at the annual Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association (AHA) is atherogenic fat particles. Who tends to harbor them, how is their proliferation encouraged or discouraged, and what can Americans eat or not eat, do or not do, to keep lipoproteins' worst effects at bay?  Amid the welter of reports on cholesterol constituents at the last meeting, held in Anaheim, Calif, appeared research on two known proteins about which more is becoming understood— though not a lot more. Most of the lore requires keeping in mind several orthographic manipulations.  The two under consideration here are a low-density lipoprotein called small, dense LDL, and lipoprotein (a), or Lp(a), which many researchers refer to as L-p-little a. The latter is LDL that has been modified by the addition of apolipoprotein (a) in the liver.  Metabolic Variability  Ronald M. Krauss, MD, a senior scientist at the University
Endoscopically Controlled Strictureplasty for Stenotic Colorectal Anastomosis
Authors: K. Reinshagen, A. Müldner, S. Reinshagen, G. Kähler
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Various different techniques have been described for the treatment of benign colorectal anastomotic strictures. Some strictures are resistant to standard dilation therapy. A quick and effective technique is described here for the treatment of colorectal strictures. It consists of cutting the stricture using a flexible stapler system. This is performed under endoscopic guidance and control using a colonoscope inserted alongside the stapler. The patient treated as described here experienced good functional and anatomical results.
Idiopathic lobular panniculitis: remission induced and maintained with infliximab
Authors: F. Al-Niaimi, C. Clark, A. Thorrat, A.D. Burden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Idiopathic lobular panniculitis: remission induced and maintained with infliximab Get access F. Al‐Niaimi, F. Al‐Niaimi Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Clark, C. Clark Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Thorrat, A. Thorrat Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. E‐mail: firas55@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.D. Burden A.D. Burden Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. E‐mail: firas55@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 3, 1 September 2009, Pages 691–692, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09295.x Published: 01 September 2009
Lysine Fluxes across the Jejunal Epithelium in Lysinuric Protein Intolerance
Authors: J-F. Desjeux, J. Rajantie, O. Simell, A-M. Dumontier, J. Perheentupa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is one of a group of genetic diseases in which intestinal absorption of the diamino acids lysine, arginine, and ornithine is impaired. In LPI, the clinical symptoms are more severe than in the kindred disorders. The mechanism of lysine absorption was, therefore, investigated in vitro on peroral jejunal biopsy specimens in seven patients with LPI and 27 controls. The lysine concentration ratio between cell compartment and medium was significantly higher in the LPI group (mean±SEM, 7.17±0.60) than in the controls (5.44±0.51). This was also true for the intracellular Na concentration (LPI, 73.6±10.8 mM; controls 42.3±3.7 mM). The rate of unidirectional influx of lysine across the luminal membrane was Na dependent and was the same in the two groups. In the absence of an electrochemical gradient, net transepithelial lysine secretion was observed in LPI. This was entirely the result of a 60% reduction of the unidirectional flux from mucosa to serosa. Calculation of unidirectional fluxes revealed the most striking difference at the basolateral membrane, where the flux from cells to serosa was reduced by 62% and the corresponding permeability coefficient reduced by 71%. A progressive reduction in short-circuit current appeared in the epithelia of all four patients with LPI tested after addition of 3 mM lysine. Thus, LPI appears to be the first disease in which a genetically determined transport defect has been demonstrated at the basolateral membrane.
Transpapillary Positioning of a Large 3.2 mm Biliary Endoprosthesis
Authors: K. Huibregtse, H.J. Haverkamp, G.N. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

An endoscopic method for positioning a large-caliber (3.2 mm) biliary endoprosthesis is described. In 3 patients with malignant jaundice the endoprosthesis provided definitive relief of jaundice until death 4 1/2, 15 and 17 weeks respectively after the introduction of the prosthesis.
856-2 Cardiac recovery during left ventricular assist device support: Results from the LVAD working group
Authors: Simon Maybaum, O.H Frazier, Randall Starling, Leslie Miller, Srinivas Murali, Keith Aaronson, Kenneth Marguilies, Steve Xydas, Susan McRee, Gillermo Torre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Donor MHC and adhesion molecules in transplant arteriosclerosis
Authors: Chengwei Shi, Mark W. Feinberg, Dorothy Zhang, Anand Patel, Chang U. Sim, Zhao Ming Dong, Susan M. Chapman, Jose-Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos, Denisa D. Wagner, Nicholas E.S. Sibinga, Edgar Haber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Transplant-associated arteriosclerosis remains an obstacle to long-term graft survival. To determine the contribution to transplant arteriosclerosis of MHC and adhesion molecules from cells of the donor vasculature, we allografted carotid artery loops from six mutant mouse strains into immunocompetent CBA/CaJ recipients. The donor mice were deficient in either MHC I molecules or MHC II molecules, both MHC I and MHC II molecules, the adhesion molecule P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, or both P-selectin and ICAM-1. Donor arteries in which ICAM-1, MHC II, or both MHC I and MHC II were absent showed reductions in neointima formation of 52%, 33%, and 38%, respectively, due primarily to a reduction in smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation. In P-selectin–deficient donor arteries, neointima formation did not differ from that in controls. In donor arteries lacking both P-selectin and ICAM-1, the size of the neointima was similar to that in those lacking ICAM-1 alone. In contrast, neointima formation increased by 52% in MHC I–deficient donor arteries. The number of CD4-positive T cells increased by 2.8-fold in MHC I–deficient arteries, and that of α-actin–positive SMCs by twofold. These observations indicate that ICAM-1 and MHC II molecules expressed in the donor vessel wall may promote transplant-associated arteriosclerosis. MHC I molecules expressed in the donor may have a protective effect.
Changes in haemoglobin binding curve and oxygen transport in chronic hypoxic lung disease.
Authors: D C Flenley, L J Fairweather, N J Cooke, B J Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Direct measurements of the factors determining blood oxygen transport in 10 patients with chronic hypoxic respiratory failure led to the conclusion that wide differences in the position of their oxygen binding curves, due to spontaneous differences in red-cell 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate, had little effect on oxygen delivery to the tissues, as assessed by the mixed venous oxygen tension when they were breathing air. This result arises from the shape of the oxygen binding curve. A drug which could shift the curve to the right would help tissue oxygenation in cardiogenic and other forms of shock, when a low cardiac output can not be improved though arterial blood can be well oxygenated.