tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of the developing brain to thyroid abnormalities: environmental insults to the thyroid system.
Authors: S P Porterfield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Neurologic development follows orderly patterns that can be severely disturbed when thyroid hormones are deficient or excessive. Should this occur at appropriate development periods, irreversible neurologic damage can result. The nature of the deficits depends upon the specific development period and the severity of the thyroid disturbance. PCBs and dioxins are structurally similar to the thyroid hormones. Their binding characteristics are similar to those of thyroid hormones and all three groups bind to the cytosolic Ah receptor, the thyroid hormone receptor and the serum thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin. Depending upon the dose of toxin and the congener used, the toxins either decrease or mimic the biological action of the thyroid hormones. Either effect, if occurring during brain development, can have disastrous consequences. Children and animals exposed to PCBs or dioxins in utero and/or as infants can exhibit varying degrees of behavioral disorders. These disorders resemble those seen in children exposed to thyroid hormone deficiencies in utero and/or in infancy. The mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity of PCBs and dioxins is not known but data suggest it could be partially or entirely mediated by alterations in availability and action of thyroid hormones during neurological development. It is possible that transient exposure of the mother to doses of toxins presently considered nontoxic to the mother could have an impact upon fetal or perinatal neurological development. If the toxins act via their effect on thyroid hormone action, it is possible that doses of toxins that would normally not alter fetal development, could become deleterious if superimposed on a pre-existing maternal/or fetal thyroid disorder.
RGT, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic C-terminal sequence, selectively inhibits outside-in signaling in human platelets by disrupting the interaction of integrin αIIbβ3 with Src kinase
Authors: Xiaoyu Su, Jianqing Mi, Jinsong Yan, Panagiotis Flevaris, Yuanjing Lu, Hongchen Liu, Zheng Ruan, Xuefeng Wang, Nelly Kieffer, Saijuan Chen, Xiaoping Du, Xiaodong Xi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Significance of Hyperamylasaemia and Abdominal Pain in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: A. H. Knight, D. N. Williams, G. Ellis, D. M. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1973)

An analysis of 35 consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis confirmed the frequent high levels of serum amylase in this condition. Serum amylase was raised during 21 episodes (60%), and in six instances (17%) the peak level exceeded 1,000 Somogyi units per 100 ml. Hyperamylasaemia was more often found when the initial blood sugar exceeded 500 mg/100 ml, or when the onset of the episode had been relatively acute (less than 48 hours). There was no conclusive evidence in any patient to support a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and other explanations for the hyperamylasaemia are discussed. Even grossly raised amylase levels were not associated with increased mortality or morbidity.
Overweight Increased The Prevalence Of Asthma And Decreased That Of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis In Childhood And Adolescence: Nationwide Survey In Japan
Authors: K. Yoshida, T. Itazawa, Y. Adachi, H. Odajima, Y. Ohya, A. Akasawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Mechanisms for pituitary tumorigenesis: the plastic pituitary
Authors: Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The anterior pituitary gland integrates the repertoire of hormonal signals controlling thyroid, adrenal, reproductive, and growth functions. The gland responds to complex central and peripheral signals by trophic hormone secretion and by undergoing reversible plastic changes in cell growth leading to hyperplasia, involution, or benign adenomas arising from functional pituitary cells. Discussed herein are the mechanisms underlying hereditary pituitary hypoplasia, reversible pituitary hyperplasia, excess hormone production, and tumor initiation and promotion associated with normal and abnormal pituitary differentiation in health and disease.
Radiologic and Histologic Pathology of Nontumorous Diseases of Bones and Joints
Authors: John F. Connolly
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This unique compendium of nontumorous conditions involving the skeletal system provides us with extensive illustrations and references to both the normal and abnormal. Although there have been many excellent recent texts and atlases of bone tumors, this work, which addresses nontumorous conditions, fills an important informational void. The conditions range from the common to the exotic. One would be hard pressed to come up with a significant problem the orthopedist might face clinically that is not dealt with or referenced in a clear, concise, and well-illustrated manner. Milgram brings his perspective of a lifetime and, indeed, a family tradition of studying and collecting musculoskeletal pathology. This experience encompasses most conditions, including traumatic, inflammatory, and circulatory ones, and developmental abnormalities. It concludes with a current analysis of reactions of the skeletal system to implanted materials. The author reports primarily what he has seen and draws conclusions on that basis. He does
Case-Control Study of Factors Associated With Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Infection in Southern Miyazaki, Japan
Authors: S. O. Stuver, N. Tachibana, N. Mueller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Case-Control Study of Factors Associated With Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Infection in Southern Miyazaki, Japan Get access Sherri O. Stuver, Sherri O. Stuver * Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, Mass *Correspondence to : Sherri O. Stuver, Sc.D., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nobuyoshi Tachibana, Nobuyoshi Tachibana Second Department of Medicine, Miyazaki Medical SchoolKiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nancy Mueller Nancy Mueller Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 11, 3 June 1992, Pages 867–872, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.11.867 Published: 03 June 1992 Article history Received: 18 November 1991 Revision received: 06 February 1992 Accepted: 10 February 1992 Published: 03 June 1992
Mortality in Patients Treated for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Joseph S. Alpert, Roger E. Smith, C. Jeffrey Carlson, Ira S. Ockene, Lewis Dexter, James E. Dalen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The hospital course of 144 consecutive patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) demonstrated by pulmonary angiography was reviewed to determine the mortality of patients with treated PE. Twelve patients (8%) died of PE, and eight died of causes other than PE; 124 (86%) survived. Pulmonary embolism was the primary cause of death in only four of the 12 patients who died of PE. Pulmonary embolism contributed to the death of eight other patients, each of whom had associated potentially lethal disease, particularly heart disease. The most important factor affecting mortality was shock due to acute right ventricular failure secondary to massive PE (mortality, 32%). Mortality was not related to magnitude of PE per se; the mortality of patients with massive PE without shock (6%) was the same as that for patients with submassive PE (5%. Patients with PE who survive long enough to have the diagnosis established and appropriate prophylactic therapy begun have an excellent prognosis, unless they have associated severe medical disease.
Abnormal Responsiveness of the Renin Aldosterone System to Acute Stimulation in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: GORDON H. WILLIAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The responsiveness of the renin aldosterone system to acute stimulation was determined in 16 patients with essential hypertension and 12 normotensive volunteers. All patients were studied under identical metabolic balance conditions with identical stimuli applied. Acute volume depletion, whether accomplished by venous hemorrhage or diuresis, significantly increased plasma renin activity in 12 out of 16 hypertensive patients and in all normal individuals. In contrast, whereas all normotensive individuals increased aldosterone secretion above base line, only one hypertensive subject exhibited a significant increase in aldosterone secretion. However, both normotensive and hypertensive individuals had indistinguishable aldosterone secretory response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone infusion, indicating an intact aldosterone biosynthetic capacity in the hypertensive subjects. These results suggest a defect in the interaction of angiotensin-II with the adrenal cortex in a certain number of patients with alleged essential hypertension.
Autologous Blood Donations Before Elective Cardiac Surgery-Reply
Authors: Debra V. Owings
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Avoy's comments concerning our article and would like to respond to the two points he makes in the letter. First, a question is raised about the need to administer saline to donors concomitant with blood collection to forestall reactions. The pathophysiology of the "vasovagal reaction" during and following blood donation, even in normal donors, is poorly understood. The primary cause is probably neurological. However, the extent of the acute decrease in blood volume resulting from donation must also be important, since the reaction rate in donors of 200 mL of blood is lower (1.3%)<sup>1</sup>than in donors of 400 to 500 mL (3.7% to 6.0%).<sup>2,3</sup>Fortunately for the healthy homologous donor, vasovagal reactions appear to be of minimal or no consequence. Whether the patient with coronary artery atherosclerosis is as resilient is unknown. Our use of saline to mute the effects of an
A scientific panel for determining health effects among radiation workers at Israel's nuclear research facilities.
Authors: R Laster, C Somech
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The problem of compensation to employees of nuclear research facilities presents difficult issues to the practicing attorney. The major stumbling block to presenting a well-documented case in court is the worker's inability to discuss the full range of duties at his or her work station over the course of employment. In addition the worker is barred from discussing the types and concentrations of chemicals and radioactive substances to which he or she is exposed, thereby limiting the ability of a competent physician to prepare an opinion on the causation between effects of exposure and disease. This paper presents the dilemma faced by the authors, who represented over 40 workers with cancer at the nuclear research facility in Dimona, Israel. It shows how the authors extricated themselves from this difficult dilemma by creating a panel of scientific experts under the court's auspices and with the court's blessings, which obviated the need for heavy procedural rules of court that apply in torts litigation in Israel. The scheme as developed and approved by the court can serve as a model to other countries where security matters are as important as matters of environmental health.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in children with sickle cell disease are related to asleep and waking oxygen desaturation
Authors: Mark C. Johnson, Fenella J. Kirkham, Susan Redline, Carol L. Rosen, Yan Yan, Irene Roberts, Jeanine Gruenwald, Jan Marek, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: Blood (2010)
Treatment of SARS with human interferons
Authors: Hisashi Moriguchi, Chifumi Sato
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

The results of J Cinatl and colleagues1Cinatl J Morgenstern B Bauer G Chandra P Rabenau H Doerr HW Treatment of SARS with human interferons.Lancet. 2003; 362: 293-294Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (396) Google Scholar show that interferon beta is effective against SARS-CoV—a membrane-enclosed RNA virus2Drosten C Gunther S Preiser W et al.Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2003; 348: 1967-1976Crossref PubMed Scopus (3682) Google Scholar—in vitro, when used either alone or in combination with other antiviral drugs. Their results concur with our beliefs that interferon, with its broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, might be useful in the treatment of SARS, either as a monotherapy or plus ribavirin. However, the findings of Ozes and co-workers3Ozes ON Reiter Z Klein S Blatt LM Taylor MW A comparison of interferon-Con1 with natural recombinant interferons-alpha: antiviral, antiproliferative, and natural killer-inducing activities.J Interferon Res. 1992; 12: 55-59Crossref PubMed Scopus (118) Google Scholar show that the specific activity (antiviral units/mg) of recombinant human interferon-consensus 1 (IFN-Con1) was ten-fold higher than that of interferon alfa-2a and interferon alfa-2b in vitro. Furthermore, IFN-Con1 increases the ability of or induces natural killer cells to kill target cells to a greater extent than does interferon alfa.3Ozes ON Reiter Z Klein S Blatt LM Taylor MW A comparison of interferon-Con1 with natural recombinant interferons-alpha: antiviral, antiproliferative, and natural killer-inducing activities.J Interferon Res. 1992; 12: 55-59Crossref PubMed Scopus (118) Google Scholar Therefore, we suggest that IFN-Con1 and IFN-Con1 plus ribavirin are assessed as potential antiviral drugs for the treatment of SARS with the method used by Cinatl and colleagues.
Selective and non-selective beta receptor blockade in the reduction of portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Authors: D Westaby, D J Bihari, A E Gimson, I R Crossley, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1984)

To elucidate the mechanisms by which beta receptor blockade leads to a reduction of portal pressure, 18 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were given comparable doses of propranolol or metoprolol. The fall in portal pressure was more marked with propranolol together with a significant reduction in hepatic blood flow, which was not seen with metoprolol. No correlation between the reduction in cardiac output and the decrease in portal pressure or changes in hepatic blood flow could be elicited in each group, but there was a direct relationship between the decrease in hepatic blood flow and fall in portal pressure in the propranolol treated patients. The difference observed may be related to blockade of beta 2 vasodilator receptors in the splanchnic circulation which will occur only with propranolol and lead to a greater fall in splanchnic blood flow than will be produced by a reduction in cardiac output alone. Metoprolol, by maintaining effective hepatic blood flow, may be preferable to propranolol in patients with severely impaired liver function.
Tissue-Engineered Injectable Collagen-Based Matrices for Improved Cell Delivery and Vascularization of Ischemic Tissue Using CD133 <sup>+</sup> Progenitors Expanded From the Peripheral Blood
Authors: Erik J. Suuronen, John P. Veinot, Serena Wong, Varun Kapila, Joel Price, May Griffith, Thierry G. Mesana, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The use of stem and/or progenitor cells to achieve potent vasculogenesis in humans has been hindered by low cell numbers, implant capacity, and survival. This study investigated the expansion of CD133 + cells and the use of an injectable collagen-based tissue engineered matrix to support cell delivery and implantation within target ischemic tissue. Methods and Results— Adult human CD133 + progenitor cells from the peripheral blood were generated and expanded by successive removal and culture of CD133 − cell fractions, and delivered within an injectable collagen-based matrix into the ischemic hindlimb of athymic rats. Controls received injections of phosphate-buffered saline, matrix, or CD133 + cells alone. Immunohistochemistry of hindlimb muscle 2 weeks after treatment revealed that the number of CD133 + cells retained within the target site was &gt;2-fold greater when delivered by matrix than when delivered alone ( P &lt;0.01). The transplanted CD133 + cells incorporated into vascular structures, and the matrix itself also was vascularized. Rats that received matrix and CD133 + cells demonstrated greater intramuscular arteriole and capillary density than other treatment groups ( P &lt;0.05 and P &lt;0.01, respectively). Conclusions— Compared with other experimental approaches, treatment of ischemic muscle tissue with generated CD133 + progenitor cells delivered in an injectable collagen-based matrix significantly improved the restoration of a vascular network. This work demonstrates a novel approach for the expansion and delivery of blood CD133 + cells with resultant improvement of their implantation and vasculogenic capacity.
Hospital Admission Surveillance Programs
Authors: John P. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have received a copy of Dr. James Schubert's letter to you regarding the article "The Hospital Admission and Surveillance Program in Illinois," which appeared in the Sept 4 issue ofThe Journal. As a co-author, I regret not acknowledging the contribution of the Sacramento Medical Care Foundation in the development of hospital admissions and utilization programs. Dr. Schubert, Dr. James Bramham, Dr. John Babich, and others from Sacramento generously served as consultants in the implementation of Hospital Admission Surveillance Program (HASP), which profited immensely from their experience with the Sacramento Certified Hospital Admission Program (CHAP). I sincerely apologize to them for my oversight. While HASP owes an ancestral debt to CHAP, it is also significantly different in scope and procedure. For example, the long-term care and utilization committee-monitoring techniques are unique to Illinois. Unlike CHAP, HASP uses paramedics as well as registered nurses and does not
Violence against abortion increases in US clinics
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In the US, violence against abortion clinics is escalating. In July 1994, a doctor who performed abortions and one of his escorts was gunned down outside of an abortion clinic. In March of 1993, another doctor was killed outside of a clinic. That killing prompted passage of a federal law designed to protect abortion providers and clinics from violence. In addition to the individuals murdered, the number of violent incidents against abortion clinics increased four-fold to 250 in 1993. Some elderly physicians feel compelled to continue to perform the procedure instead of retiring because there are no young practitioners to replace them. These physicians note that the young practitioners have no experience with the deaths and illness which resulted from illegal abortions and have not been properly trained by their medical schools. The US Attorney General has dispatched federal marshalls to guard abortion clinics, and local police are increasing their protection of clinics. Abortion protestors say that the new federal law will cause some formerly peaceful protestors to resort to violence.
A CASE OF FATAL DINITROPHENOL POISONING
Authors: M. L. TAINTER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In a short note recently published,<sup>1</sup>attention was drawn to a fatality that occurred from dinitrophenol poisoning. Since this drug is being widely used as a metabolic stimulant, and since the complete details of this case were available only to us, it seemed desirable to publish a full account of it, together with the pathologic observations. This case report will also emphasize the fact which we have consistently stressed;<sup>2</sup>namely, that careless or reckless use of this drug may have unfortunate consequences. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.—</h3> H. G., a man, aged 37, a graduate of a Vienna medical school but unlicensed to practice in this country, called on one of us (T.) to obtain information regarding dinitrophenol as a metabolic stimulant. He stated that he was suffering from general glandular dysfunction, including a hypopituitarism resulting from a previous sphenoiditis. His libido was gone and no therapy had been
Nonspecification of Tobacco Smokers
Authors: Ronald M. Sommer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In the July 31 issue of The Journal (221:509, 1972), Dr. Daniell discussed the relationship between osteoporosis and smoking. The letter appeared to be well documented and convincing, but the theory is far from flawless. I am an exsmoker and, like Dr. Daniell, am always searching to connect disease processes with the deleterious effects of smoking.  Nevertheless, smokers and nonsmokers are different people, so they cannot be used as comparable study groups. Those who do not smoke for reasons of healthy living habits, also carry these living habits into sports activities, proper diet, etc, all of which contribute to a positive calcium balance and less osteoporosis. Furthermore, heavy smokers as a group do not force themselves to do regular exercise to a like extent, and are less likely to be capable of equivalent physical exertion, due to a higher incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory disease in this
Growth factors and the liver.
Authors: A C Selden, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1991)

Publisher Summary   This chapter discusses the growth factors and the liver. There are two paradigms of liver growth, that of compensatory hyperplasia in which there is loss of function followed by a restorative burst of cell proliferation achieving the original cell mass, as exemplified by partial hepatectomy, and that of direct hyperplasia in which factors lead to an initial increase in cell number and mass above the original which is later dampened down by apoptosis so that the original liver mass is once again restored. In this form of liver growth direct mitogens such as tri-iodothyronine play a part. There is a final common pathway after cyclin D1; however the initial cell signaling pathways differ during these two different mechanisms of liver growth, and the time taken to reach the G1 restriction point when cells are committed to proliferation differs in each form of proliferation. In compensatory hyperplasia, cyclin D activation occurs within 16 h, whereas in direct hyperplasia this stage is reached in less than eight hours. Liver growth can be divided into three phases. Initiation is required which primes cells to make replication competent; this is followed by a proliferation phase during which cell expansion occurs and finally the termination phase when growth arrest occurs to end the regeneration. Each of these is extremely tightly controlled.
The new pope and medical ethics
Authors: Daniele Maria Scalise, Giulio Bognolo
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Can Benedict XVI strike a balance between Catholic doctrines and health? 

G iven that more than 37 million people world-wide are living with HIV,1 the late pope's opposition to the use of condoms attracted much criticism. Indeed, some critics blamed John Paul II directly for the loss of millions of lives from AIDS in Africa, where the Catholic church is flourishing; 2.3 million died in 2004 in sub-Saharan Africa alone. The new pope, Benedict XVI (formerly Joseph Ratzinger), also comes from the conservative wing of his church and is therefore very likely to endorse the encyclical of Pope Paul VI that bars Catholics from using any kind of artificial contraceptive.2 But what do we really know of his views on condom use and other medical and ethical issues?

As a cardinal, Joseph Ratzinger led the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, an organisation descended from …