tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Psychosomatic Disorders in Schizophrenic Patients: Methodological Issues
Authors: R.A. Ramsay, F. Engelsmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The value of an epidemiological study investigating the prevalence of certain somatoform diseases in schizophrenic patients can be strengthened by attention to the following methodological principles: (1) sufficient size of sample; (2) representativeness of sample, controlling if possible such variables as age range, inpatient or outpatient status, ward population or milieu and cultural aspects; (3) study of control groups in same milieu with other psychiatric diagnoses; (4) clear specification of diagnostic criteria employed; (5) establishment of interrater reliability concerning psychiatric diagnosis, patient historical data or medical record information.
Data on eligibility for thrombolytic treatment cannot be generalised
Authors: A. D Timmis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—John K French and colleagues conclude that only about half of patients admitted to coronary care units with definite or probable myocardial infarction are eligible for thrombolytic treatment, with most of the remainder presenting more than 12 hours after the onset of symptoms.1 This rather low rate of eligibility, based on local data from Auckland, should not be regarded as a universal standard. At Newham General Hospital in east London the …
Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the female athlete
Authors: Holly Jacinda Silvers, Bert R Mandelbaum
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

The relationships of gender, age and training to the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are pivotal to developing a comprehensive neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programme to decrease ACL injuries in female athletes. A prophylactic neuromuscular and proprioceptive training programme may have direct benefit in decreasing the number of ACL injuries in female athletes. This research foundation endorses further epidemiological and biomechanical studies to determine the exact mechanism of ACL injury and the most effective intervention for decreasing ACL injuries in this high-risk population.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer-Reply
Authors: Morton J. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Winawer's criticisms of our study are cogent and reflect his wide experience in this field. We may indeed have missed colorectal cancers in our population, although this has not become apparent in a two-year follow-up of most of our screenees. An analysis of cancer incidence data in our area indicates that two cases of colorectal cancers will appear in our patient cohort each year; we detected none. In one woman, aged 66 years, obstruction from a large carcinoma of the ascending colon did develop 16 months after she participated in our study. Her three Hemoccult (HO) slides were negative. We chose to collect three stool specimens on each screenee rather than the six suggested by Greegor<sup>1</sup>and by Winawer. Neuhauser and Lewicki<sup>2</sup>analyzed the six sequential stoolguaiac protocol as a screen for colonic cancer. They showed that there was little gain in the true positive
Huge Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Demonstrated by Technetium-99m Labeled RBC Blood Pool Imaging
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, SYLVIA MAGOUN, PEGGY A. DOMSTAD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A patient with a huge abdominal aortic aneurysm demonstrated during Tc-99m RBC imaging for gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. This abnormality may be misinterpreted or confused with gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in delayed images. The demonstration of an abdominal aortic aneurysm suggests that Tc-99m RBC blood pool imaging may be useful in diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Reviving the Commonwealth Medical Association.
Authors: G Macpherson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

of the femur, circumstances in which thiamine deficiency is common.23Protein supplements have also been given down nasogastric tubes to counteract the catabolic effects oftrauma in hip fractures.24Whether this approach may also benefit the many cachectic and acutely ill elderly patients who present to geriatric and general medical units remains to be seen.
Triglyceride concentration and coronary heart disease
Authors: A. M Garber, A. L Avins
Journal: BMJ (1995)

colleagues' study among the total migrant population of 54 was black (n-38); this group included Caribbean (n-19) and black African (n-14) subjects.Countries with a majority black population do not feature at all in the study most quoted when similar worldwide prevalences of schizo- phrenia are claimed.2Limited data exist on preva- lence in some African and Caribbean countries, but these studies do not use standardised criteria.Because the provision of services is different in the developing world underreporting may well occur.34As the incidence of schizophrenia in Britain is thought to be declining5 it is important that studies of migrant populations relate to the countries of origin as well as the host countries.While I am not trying to suggest that biological factors can fully explain the increased incidence of psychosis in migrants, I do not think that they can be ignored.
A systematic review of the use of opioids in the management of dyspnoea
Authors: A-L Jennings
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Opioids are commonly used to treat dyspnoea in palliative medicine but there has been no formal evaluation of the evidence for their effectiveness in the treatment of dyspnoea. A systematic review was therefore carried out to examine this. <b>Methods:</b> The criteria for inclusion required that studies were double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trials of opioids for the treatment of dyspnoea secondary to any cause. The methods used to identify suitable studies included electronic searching of the literature, hand searching of the literature, and personal contact with relevant individuals and organisations. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on all included studies and on various subgroups (studies involving nebulised opioids or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). Subgroups were compared using meta-regression. Some studies included in the systematic review could not be included in the meta-analysis because insufficient data were presented. <b>Results:</b> Eighteen studies fulfilled the criteria for the review. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant positive effect of opioids on the sensation of breathlessness (p=0.0008). Meta-regression indicated a greater effect for studies using oral or parenteral opioids than for studies using nebulised opioids (p=0.02). The subgroup analysis failed to show a positive effect of nebulised opioids on the sensation of breathlessness. The results of the subgroup analysis of the COPD studies were essentially similar to the results of the main analysis. <b>Conclusion:</b> This review supports the continued use of oral and parenteral opioids to treat dyspnoea in patients with advanced disease. There are insufficient data from the meta-analysis to conclude whether nebulised opioids are effective, but the results from included studies that did not contribute to the meta-analysis suggest that they are no better than nebulised normal saline.
Orphan Airlift
Authors: Robert Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Isolation studies for bacterial and parasitic agents were carried out on stool specimens from Vietnamese infants at the time of their mass airlift to the United States. One or more bacterial pathogens were found in 49% of the 367 stool specimens cultured. The isolates included enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>(161),<i>Shigella</i>(16),<i>Salmonella</i>(15), but no<i>Salmonella typhi</i>or<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>. Parasites identified in 88 stool specimens included<i>Giardia lamblia</i>(10),<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>(7), and<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>(1). Transmission of agents to volunteers probably occurred, because 48% of 272 adults questioned had diarrhea shortly after caring for the children, and stool cultures from these adults resulted in the isolation of<i>E coli</i>(105),<i>Salmonella</i>(1), and<i>Shigella</i>(3). (<i>JAMA</i>235:2114-2116, 1976
Role of p38 in the regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by extracellular chloride
Authors: Hui-Fang Cheng, Jun-Ling Wang, Ming-Zhi Zhang, James A. McKanna, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

We have previously shown that in renal cortex, COX-2 expression is localized to macula densa and surrounding cortical thick ascending limb of Henle (cTALH). Dietary salt restriction increases local expression of COX-2, which mediates renin production and secretion. Given that decreased luminal chloride [Cl–] at the level of the macula densa increases renin production and secretion, we investigated the role of extracellular ion concentration on COX-2 expression. Quiescent rabbit cTALH cells were incubated in a physiological salt solution containing high or low levels of NaCl. Immunoreactive COX-2 expression increased significantly in the low NaCl solution. COX-2 expression also increased after administration of the Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransport inhibitor, bumetanide. Selective substitution of chloride led to increased COX-2 expression, whereas selective substitution of sodium had no effect. The p38 MAP kinase inhibitor PD169316 decreased low NaCl-induced COX-2 expression. Low-salt or low-chloride medium induced cultured cTALH to accumulate ≥ 3-fold higher levels of pp38, the activated (phosphorylated) form of p38; low-salt medium also increased pJNK and pERK levels. Feeding rats a low-salt diet for 14 days induced a significant increase in renal cortical pp38 expression, predominantly in the macula densa and cTALH. These results suggest that reduced extracellular chloride leads to increased COX-2 expression, which may be mediated by activation of a p38-dependent signaling pathway.
CX3CR1 is required for monocyte homeostasis and atherogenesis by promoting cell survival
Authors: Limor Landsman, Liat Bar-On, Alma Zernecke, Ki-Wook Kim, Rita Krauthgamer, Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, Sergio A. Lira, Irving L. Weissman, Christian Weber, Steffen Jung
Journal: Blood (2008)
Plasma Exchange for Primary Autoimmune Autonomic Failure
Authors: Christoph Schroeder, Steven Vernino, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Jens Tank, Karsten Heusser, Axel Lipp, Thomas Benter, Carsten Lindschau, Ralph Kettritz, Friedrich C. Luft, Jens Jordan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We report on a patient with long-standing severe autonomic failure that affected his sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Antibodies against the ganglionic acetylcholine receptors were detected in the serum. Removal of the antibodies by means of plasma exchange resulted in a dramatic clinical improvement.
Abstract 1333: Combining Afatinib and Cetuximab synergistically increases their cytotoxicity for EGFR T790M-harboring cells
Authors: Nobuyuki Tanaka, Zenta Watanuki, Tatsuro Fukuhara, Makoto Maemondo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, are effective for patients with EGFR-activating mutations. However, these patients eventually develop resistance, usually through a secondary EGFR mutation, T790M: substitution of methionine for threonine at position 790 in the kinase domain. While second-generation irreversible TKIs have higher affinities for the double-mutant EGFRs, their therapeutic effect leaves room for improvement. Combining a second-generation TKI like afatinib with an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody has been shown to improve clinical outcomes, although the mechanism is not fully understood. To investigate this mechanism, we used human erythroleukemia K562 cells, which are EGFR-negative, to establish cells with known EGFR mutations. Two activating EGFR mutations, Ex19del and L858R, were sensitive to first-generation TKIs. Acquisition of resistance to these TKIs was confirmed by adding the second EGFR mutation, T790M. Double-mutant EGFRs were moderately sensitive to afatinib, but were only minimally affected by the monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. Combining afatinib and cetuximab synergistically increased cytotoxity for K562 cells carrying double-mutant EGFRs. Apoptosis in these cells was preceded by induction of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM (Bcl2L11) and activation of Caspase-3 and PARP. Afatinib induced autophagy in these cells correlated with AKT and ERK1/2 signaling in the course of treatment. Accordingly, we found that cetuximab enhanced the afatinib-induced cytotoxicity through the autophagic cell death pathway. Our results indicate that two distinct mechanisms contribute to the synergistic effect exerted by afatinib and cetuximab against NSCLCs. Citation Format: Nobuyuki Tanaka, Zenta Watanuki, Tatsuro Fukuhara, Makoto Maemondo. Combining Afatinib and Cetuximab synergistically increases their cytotoxicity for EGFR T790M-harboring cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1333. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1333
Response to Suissa and Azoulay. The Association of Basal Insulin Glargine and/or n-3 Fatty Acids With Incident Cancers in Patients With Dysglycemia. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1360–1366
Authors: Louise Bordeleau, Hertzel C. Gerstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

In their comments on our article (1), Drs. Suissa and Azoulay very appropriately emphasized the limitations of observational studies (2). More specifically, they brought to our attention the lack of association between the use of metformin and cancer in recently conducted observational studies looking at metformin exposure as a time-related exposure. There is clearly clinical and epidemiologic …
Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Introduction, Transmission, and Evolution of Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Richard M. Locksley, Mitchell L. Cohen, Thomas C. Quinn, Lucy S. Tompkins, Marie B. Coyle, Jean M. Kirihara, George W. Counts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A burn patient with a multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was transferred to Harborview Medical Center from a burn unit in another state. Despite standard wound precautions, transmission to 34 patients occurred during the subsequent 15 months. Twenty-seven of the patients were infected. Disease included pneumonia, empyema, bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and burn and wound infections. Seventeen of the 34 patients died. Phage typing and plasmid analysis showed the spread of multiply resistant S. aureus from the burn unit to the surgical intensive care unit where a study evaluating the use of chloramphenicol in cases of bowel sepsis was in progress. During this period the organism became resistant to chloramphenicol by acquiring either of two chloramphenicol R-plasmids. Using plasmid profiles and antibiograms, four epidemic strains were identified that assisted in identifying patient and personnel reservoirs. The outbreak was controlled only after rifampin was added to vancomycin treatment of infected patients, which correlated with eradication of the carrier state.
Steroids cause osteoporosis
Authors: M-M Gordon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Cytosine methylation of DNA is a widespread modification of DNA that plays numerous critical roles, yet has been lost many times in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In the yeast <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, CG methylation occurs in transposon-rich repeats and requires the DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt5. We show that Dnmt5 displays exquisite maintenance-type specificity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and utilizes similar <i>in vivo</i> cofactors as the metazoan maintenance methylase Dnmt1. Remarkably, phylogenetic and functional analysis revealed that the ancestral species lost the gene for a <i>de novo</i> methylase, DnmtX, between 50-150 MYA. We examined how methylation has persisted since the ancient loss of DnmtX. Experimental and comparative studies reveal efficient replication of methylation patterns in <i>C. neoformans</i>, rare stochastic methylation loss and gain events, and the action of natural selection. We propose that an epigenome has been propagated for &gt;50 MY through a process analogous to Darwinian evolution of the genome.
Relative potency of xenobiotic estrogens in an acute in vivo mammalian assay.
Authors: S R Milligan, A V Balasubramanian, J C Kalita
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The in vivo effects of xenoestrogens are of interest in relation to their potential health risks and/or beneficial effects on humans and animals. However, the apparent in vivo potency of the examined response can be confounded by a short half-life, and the metabolism of estrogens is very dependent on the nature of conversion and/or inactivation. To minimize such variables, we examined the estrogenic potency of a range of xenoestrogens in an acute in vivo assay--the stimulation of increased uterine vascular permeability in ovariectomized mice 4 hr after subcutaneous administration. While estradiol (E 2 ) and estriol (E 3 ; a relatively weak natural estrogen) readily induced vascular responses [median effective dose (ED 50 ) <10 -9 mol], much higher amounts of xenoestrogens were required. Bisphenol A was about 10,000-fold less potent than E 2 and E 3 , and octylphenol and nonylphenol were about 100,000-fold less potent; dioctyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and trichlorinated biphenol produced no effect. Coumestrol was the most active phytoestrogen, with an ED 50 between 10 -6 and 10 -7 mol; genistein was about 10-fold less potent than coumestrol, and neither daidzein nor formononetin produced any marked effect, even at doses up to 10 -5 mol. All increases in vascular permeability could be blocked by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780. There was no evidence that any of the compounds could act as an antiestrogen in this assay or that they could exert synergistic effects in combination. These results indicate that even short-term exposure to most of the xenobiotic estrogens can induce typical estrogenic effects in vivo , but their estrogenic potency is very weak even when assessed in an acute response.
GENETIC COMPLEXITY IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS WITH NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING
Authors: Luis Lopes, Petros Syrris, Mike Hubank, Claudia Giambartolomei, Anna Zekavati, Chrysoula Dalageorgou, Sharon Jenkins, Vincent Plagnol, Perry Elliott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Biochemical and genetic studies in cystinuria: observations on double heterozygotes of genotype I/II
Authors: Claude L. Morin, Margaret W. Thompson, Sanford H. Jackson, Andrew Sass-Kortsak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

10 families with cystinuria were investigated by measuring: (a) quantitative 24 hr urinary excretion of amino acids by column chromatography; (b) endogenous renal clearances of amino acids and creatinine; (c) intestinal uptake of (34)C-labeled L-cystine, L-lysine, and L-arginine using jejunal mucosal biopsies; (d) oral cystine loading tests. All four of these were studied in the probands and the first two in a large number of the family members.49 members of 8 families were found to have a regular genetic pattern as described previously by Harris, Rosenberg, and their coworkers. Clinical or biochemical differences between the homozygotes type I (recessive cystinuria) and homozygotes type II (incompletely recessive cystinuria) have not been found. Both types excreted similarly excessive amounts of cystine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine, and had high endogenous renal clearances for these four amino acids. Some homozygotes of both types had a cystine clearance higher than the glomerular filtration rate. Jejunal mucosa from both types of homozygotes exhibited near complete inability to concentrate cystine and lysine in vitro. This was also documented in vivo with oral cystine loads. The heterozygotes type I were phenotypically normal with respect to the above four measurements. The heterozygotes type II showed moderate but definite abnormalities in their urinary excretion and their renal clearances of dibasic amino acids. Of the four amino acids concerned, cystine was the most reliable marker to differentiate between the heterozygotes type II and the homozygous normals. In this study, type III cystinuria, as described by Rosenberg, was not encountered. In two additional families, double heterozygotes of genotype I/II were found. The disease affecting these is clinically and biochemically less severe than that affecting homozygotes of either type I or type II. With respect to the four parameters used in this study, the double heterozygotes type I/II have results which are intermediate between those of the homozygotes type I and II and those of the heterozygotes type II.
Secondary drowning in children.
Authors: J H Pearn
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Secondary drowning (and near-drowning) is one of the post-immersion respiratory syndromes. It is defined as deterioration of pulmonary function that follows deficient gas exchange due to loss or inactivation of surfactant. A review of 94 consecutive cases of near-drowning in childhood showed that this syndrome occurred in five (5%) cases. Its onset was usually rapid and characterised by a latent period of one to 48 hours of relative respiratory well-being. It occurred more rapidly after immersion in fresh water. The two children immersed in salt water died of secondary drowning, while the three immersed in fresh water recovered completely. If it is anticipated, recognised, and treated vigorously prognosis of secondary drowning is good in fresh water cases but bad after salt water immersion.
Metastatic Malignant Struma Ovarii
Authors: R D THOMAS, V B BATTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Struma ovarii is an ovarian germ cell tumor consisting mainly of thyroid tissue. Five percent of struma ovarii are malignant, and of these only five percent metastasize. The rarity of this disease has resulted in difficulty in agreeing on treatment regimes and in limited imaging experience. The authors report two cases and highlight the imaging and monitoring difficulties encountered in their management. The authors conclude that I-131 has a role to play both therapeutically and in monitoring these patients, but that biochemical testing is a more reliable indicator of disease status.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Induces Accelerated Senescence in Irradiated Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors
Authors: Elena V. Efimova, Helena J. Mauceri, Daniel W. Golden, Edwardine Labay, Vytautas P. Bindokas, Thomas E. Darga, Chaitali Chakraborty, Juan Camilo Barreto-Andrade, Clayton Crawley, Harold G. Sutton, Stephen J. Kron, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Persistent DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) may determine the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation (IR) by inducing apoptosis, necrosis, mitotic catastrophe, or permanent growth arrest. IR induces rapid modification of megabase chromatin domains surrounding DSBs via poly-ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and protein assembly. The dynamics of these IR-induced foci (IRIF) have been implicated in DNA damage signaling and DNA repair. As an IRIF reporter, we tracked the relocalization of green fluorescent protein fused to a chromatin binding domain of the checkpoint adapter protein 53BP1 after IR of breast cancer cells and tumors. To block DSB repair in breast cancer cells and tumors, we targeted poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with ABT-888 (veliparib), one of several PARP inhibitors currently in clinical trials. PARP inhibition markedly enhanced IRIF persistence and increased breast cancer cell senescence both in vitro and in vivo, arguing for targeting IRIF resolution as a novel therapeutic strategy.