tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three years' experience in a sexual problems clinic.
Authors: J Bancroft, L Coles
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Abstract</h3> It is a great challenge to expand the spectrum of enzymes that can decompose synthetic plastics such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, a bottleneck remains due to the lack of techniques for detecting and sorting environmental microorganisms with vast diversity and abundance. Here, we developed a fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) pipeline for high-throughput screening of PET-degrading microorganisms or enzymes (PETases). The pipeline comprises three steps: generation of droplets encapsulating single cells, picoinjection of Fluorescein dibenzoate (FDBz) as the fluorogenic probe, and screening of droplets to obtain PET-degrading cells. We characterized critical factors associated with the method, including specificity and sensitivity for discriminating PETase from other enzymes, and optimized its performance and compatibility with environmental samples. The system was used to screen an environmental sample from a PET textile mill, successfully obtained PET-degrading species belonging to 9 different genera. Moreover, two putative PETases from isolates <i>Kineococcus endophyticus</i> Un-5 and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Un-C2-8 were genetically derived, heterologously expressed, and preliminarily validated for PET-degrading activities. We speculate the FADS pipeline can be widely adopted to discover new PET-degrading microorganisms and enzymes from various environments, as well as directed evolution of PETases using synthetic biology.
Expression of nerve growth factor receptors in cutaneous inflammation
Authors: None Bull, None Leslie, None Chopra, None Dowd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Evidence indicates that the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) is a mediator of cutaneous inflammatory responses. Cellular responses to NGF are facilitated by two receptors called trk A and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). In the current study we have investigated the expression of these receptors in lesional and non-lesional skin from patients with plaque psoriasis and in normal skin exposed to three times the minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. Trk A immunostaining was confined to the basal keratinocytes in normal skin. There was a significant reduction in trk A immunostaining in both non-lesional and lesional psoriatic skin compared with control skin. In UVB-irradiated normal skin, there was a significant reduction in trk A immunostaining at 4 h after irradiation, which was still evident at 48 h. In normal skin, p75NTR immunopositive fine nerve fibres were present throughout the dermis and occasionally seen in the epidermis. Thick nerve fibres were evident in the deep dermis and in the middle region of the dermis. p75NTR immunopositive basal keratinocytes were occasionally seen. There was a statistically significant loss of p75NTR immunopositive fine nerve fibres in the epidermis of lesional psoriatic skin and a statistically significant loss of p75NTR immunopositive fine nerve fibres in the dermis in both non-lesional and lesional psoriatic skin. p75NTR immunopositive thick nerve fibres were reduced in lesional psoriatic skin compared with normal skin. UVB irradiation of normal skin led to a statistically significant decrease in the p75NTR immunopositive fine nerve fibres in the epidermis at 48 h after irradiation. There was no significant reduction in the dermal p75NTR immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated that expression of both NGF receptors is decreased following an acute inflammatory stimulus and also in association with a chronic inflammatory dermatosis.
Immune Complexes in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: H. McFarlane, A. Holzel, P. Brenchley, J. D. Allan, J. C. Wallwork, B. E. Singer, B. Worsley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Circulating immune complexes were detected in serum and sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.). There were extensive deposits of immunoglobulins and complement immune complexes in several of the C.F. organs, especially the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but not in the kidneys. Significant concentrations of IgG and of complement complexes could be eluted from the lungs of the C.F. patients but not from those of controls. Studies involving immunoabsorption, autoradiography, and molecular sieving through Sephadex G-200 columns identified both bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal α-haemolysin as two of the antigens present in the immune complexes. The sedimentation constant of the immune complexes was about 8S to 11S. The clinical significance of these immune complexes and the wide variety of antibodies detected in C.F. patients are discussed.
Apoptosis is markedly increased in the aortic valves from rabbits on hypercholesterolemic diets
Authors: N.M. Rajamannan, G.M. Sangiorgi, K. Arnold, T.G. Mohacsi, P.J. Carlson, A.J. Tajik, R.S. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
NICE recommends greater use of CT imaging for head injuries
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Prompt assessment, early computed tomography (CT), and better access to rehabilitation for patients with minor injuries are key recommendations in national guidelines on head injury published in England this week.

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance makes evidence based recommendations on all steps in the management of patients with head injury—defined as any trauma to the head, other than superficial injuries to the face—from initial assessment through to hospital …
Lipid Angiogenic Factor From Omentum
Authors: Harry S. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Placing the omentum on the brain surface by surgical transposition or transplantation will result in the development of numerous neovascular connections between these two structures. This phenomenon occurs even in the absence of cerebral ischemia, which raised the question as to whether an angiogenic factor was causing the response. A lipid material obtained from the omentum contains a potent angiogenic factor extractable in a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. Angiogenesis created by this material was observed in the rabbit cornea after only a single injection of the substance. The angiogenic material obtained from the omentum is abundant in supply. This important characteristic offers promise for the purification and identification of its structure, which should allow for extensive animal and clinical studies dealing with the development or inhibition of angiogenesis.
Research priorities in environmental health
Authors: G. Pershagen
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Environmental issues tend to greater political attention than do environmental health aspects. Therefore, when conflicts of interest occur with other environmental concerns, negative consequences for public health may result. For example, a strategy to substantially reduce indoor ventilation in many dwellings in Scandinavia in order to save energy has led to increased humidity levels and higher prevalences of house dust mites. Wood burning for local heating is promoted because it is a renewable source of energy, and diesel vehicles are promoted because they emit lower levels of carbon dioxide per kilometer compared to conventional gas engines, but both practices lead to increased emissions of fine particulates, which have been associated with adverse health effects. Increasing the level of resources available for research into environmental health is one way to help environmental health issues receive greater attention. Environmental health research initiatives taken by the European Commission, the European Science Foundation, and the World Health Organization's regional office for Europe are noted. Environmental health research is multidisciplinary and should encompass basic science as well as applied research. International collaboration is often very useful in environmental health research.
Frequency of intron 1 and 22 inversions of <i>factor VIII</i> gene in Mexican patients with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Johanna Milena Mantilla‐Capacho, Claudia Patricia Beltrán‐Miranda, Hilda Luna‐Záizar, Lilia Aguilar‐López, María Amparo Esparza‐Flores, Beatriz López‐Guido, Rogelio Troyo‐Sanromán, Ana Rebeca Jaloma‐Cruz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Hemophilia A (HA) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders caused by FVIII gene mutations. Inversion of intron 22 (inv22) originates 50% of cases of severe HA and is a major risk factor for inhibitor development. Inversion of intron 1 (inv1) has been reported to occur in 2-3% of severe HA patients. We studied both inversions to determine their frequencies in Mexican patients with severe HA and to compare these data with other HA populations. The inv22 was evaluated as a risk factor for FVIII inhibitor development in severe HA patients. We studied 44 patients from 31 severe HA families for the detection of inv22 and 94 patients from 65 families to detect inv1. We used the subcycling long-distance PCR to detect inv22 and rapid PCR in duplex reactions to detect inv1. We found a frequency of 45% for the inv22 and no inv1-positive patients (0%). These frequencies were not statistically different from other populations, although haplotype analyses of FVIII gene and telomeric regions should be incorporated to explore population-specific variation of inv1 frequencies. Inv22-positive patients showed 1.88X higher risk for developing inhibitors with respect to patients carrying other severe mutations; however, this OR value was not significant. Our findings confirm inv22 as a hot-spot for severe HA and evidence the low frequency of inv1 in a Mexican population. The non-significant risk for developing inhibitors among inv22-positive patients agrees with the variety of genetic and non-genetic factors involved in such a complication.
Hypertension-Related Deaths Increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Replacement therapy in Turner's syndrome.
Authors: C G Brook
Journal: BMJ (1978)

than an objectively demonstrable entity.Research has been rightly directed to demon- strating the variables which influence the relapse of acute schizophrenia with productive symptoms.What is also needed is an objective assessment of the variables which may influence the development or resolution of schizophrenic defect.Have changes in in- stitutional management changed the development of defect or merely where a schizophrenic lives ?Do long-term phenothiazines influence the postacute course or merely productive symptoms ?Is defect inevitably associated with an organic brain lesion ?
Fast-Track Improves CABG Outcomes
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A NEW protocol appears to improve the physical status of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and save time and money as well. This "fast-track" protocol cuts the time patients spend using respirators from an average of 20 hours down to 13 hours. Postoperative length of stay in the intensive care unit is cut by at least 12 hours, and by nearly 24 hours on average. And average total hospital stay decreases by almost 2 days, according to a study that included 562 patients at Hartford (Conn) Hospital and the Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Mass. A total of 133 of 288 patients on the fast-track protocol were discharged within 5 days, compared with only 72 of 291 who got traditional care. The results of the study were adjusted for age, comorbidity, and severity of illness. Most patients on the fast track were home within 7 days, and they
Rationing by Patient Choice
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1991)

RESOLVING our conflict about health care costs will require connecting value to cost.<sup>1,2</sup>Ideally, the connection should be made through individual decisions in the marketplace—each individual would be responsible for paying the financial cost of the health care services he or she chooses to receive. This would force each of us to weigh the value of those services (their benefits and harms) against the cost we would have to pay and would ensure that, both for the individual and for society as a whole, the value of health care would be worth its cost. Unfortunately, in medicine the connection between value and cost has been cut by some basic flaws in the medical marketplace, most notably third-party coverage, third-party advice, and uncertainty. Individuals do make decisions, but they are based on imperfect perceptions of the benefits, without appreciation of the true costs. The inevitable result is what we see
Effects of graded reductions in coronary perfusion pressure on the diastolic pressure-segment length relation and the rate of isovolumic relaxation in the resting conscious dog.
Authors: E R Farhi, J M Canty, F J Klocke
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To assess the relations between coronary perfusion pressure, blood flow, and the diastolic pressure-segment length relation in the conscious animal, circumflex pressure was incrementally decreased in 10 resting, chronically instrumented dogs by a hydraulic occluding cuff while monitoring left ventricular pressure and regional segment length (with piezoelectric crystals) in the circumflex and left anterior descending territories. In five dogs, regional blood flow was measured by microsphere injections at selected circumflex pressures. The diastolic portion of the pressure-segment length curve was unchanged when decrements in circumflex pressure were within the autoregulatory range, that is, unassociated with changes in blood flow or systolic function. Further decrements in circumflex pressure, which decreased blood flow and regional segment shortening (both p less than 0.05), caused a progressive downward and rightward shift of the pressure-segment length curve (p less than 0.05). The rate of relaxation, as measured by tau (the time constant of pressure decay during isovolumic relaxation, which is calculated assuming either a fixed or a variable asymptote) and peak negative dP/dt, decreased slightly during reductions in circumflex pressure within the autoregulatory range and greatly at lower pressure (all p less than 0.05). Thus, in the conscious animal, reductions in coronary perfusion pressure within the autoregulatory range do not affect the diastolic pressure-segment length curve but cause modest decreases in the rate of isovolumic relaxation. Further reductions in coronary perfusion pressure, below the limits of blood flow autoregulation, cause an increased extent of relaxation with a marked downward shift of the diastolic pressure-segment length curve as well as a large decrease in the rate of relaxation.
Arm Splints Seen on Bone Scan in a Volleyball Player
Authors: PAUL J. ROACH, ROBERT A. COOPER, A STUART WATSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Periosteal bone reaction manifested by shin splints and stress fractures on Tc-99m MDP bone scanning have been widely described in athletes. In this case, an elite volleyball player, whose primary role is blocking and spiking (forced elbow extension), demonstrates increased linear periosteal uptake of isotope along the medial aspect of the right humerus—so called "arm splints."
Granulocytic sarcoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Aysegul Hasegeli Uner, Kadri Altundag, Arzu Saglam, Gulten Tekuzman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Urinary BladderTo the Editor: Granulocytic sarcomas are tumors of myeloid precursor cells presenting as extramedullary mass lesions, known to occur in clinical settings such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome.They can, however, occur in patients without a hematological disorder, in which case they are a harbinger of AML [1].We would like to present a case of granulocytic sarcoma at an unusual location in a patient without history of a hematological malignancy.
Abstract 316: Keap1 and Nrf2 genetic mutations and polymorphisms: Associations with clinical outcome in endometrial cancer
Authors: Tze Fang Wong, Kousuke Yoshinaga, Yasutake Monma, Kiyoshi Ito, Hitoshi Niikura, Satoru Nagase, Masayuki Yamamoto, Nobuo Yaegashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Constitutive activation and increased expression of Nrf2 as a result of oncogenic mutations or other endogenous factors that cause derepression of Nrf2 by its cytosolic inhibitor, Keap1, contribute to tumor resistance to adjuvant treatment. As endometrial cancer generally has a lower response rate to adjuvant treatment, Keap1 and Nrf2 genes were sequenced to investigate their roles in endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Tumor specimens from 105 individuals with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (Type I endometrial cancer) were sequenced. The specimens comprised 44 well-differentiated (FIGO grade 1), 38 moderately differentiated (FIGO grade 2) and 23 poorly differentiated (FIGO grade 3) tumors. Statistical analyses using the Fisher's exact test, Pearson's Chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards model were used to investigate the association of genetic mutations and haplotypes with patients’ annotated clinicopathologic characteristics. Results: A total of ten novel Keap1 mutations were found in nine individuals, and two novel Nrf2 mutations were found in three individuals. One patient had two simultaneous Keap1 mutations, whereas two patients had the same type of Nrf2 genetic mutation. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1048290 and rs11545829 were found in high frequency in the present cohort. The non-synonymous genetic mutations and rs11545829 were not associated with patients’ clinicopathologic characteristics. In the adjuvant treatment subgroup, the rs1048290 c.1413C/G genotype was significantly associated with a better progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.068 to 0.94; P=0.041). On multivariate analysis, rs1048290 was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.036 to 0.69; P=0.014). Conclusion: Keap1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1048290 may be a potential biomarker that enables individualized therapy using cytotoxic adjuvant treatment in endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 316. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-316
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Values, Ethics and the Physician-in-Training
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

How can ethics be taught to physicians in training? A careful reading of the bioethical literature reveals no single technique. The Standing Committee on Bioethics of the American Medical Student Association has studied this question and, as one possible solution, has produced a videotape designed to illustrate the common ethical problems that confront the physician in training. The film is successful and, because ethical issues tend to break down the hierarchy in medicine, should be of interest to all physicians, from the new graduate to the retiree. Four short vignettes illustrate a number of ethical problems that often confront the practicing physician and the physician in training. Interactions among house staff, attending physicians, patients, nurses, and other hospital personnel are realistically depicted by professional actors in the settings of the wards of the Standford (Calif) University Hospital. The actions deal with the following issues: honesty and deception, paternalism, patient autonomy,
Folate deficiency in Crohn's disease: incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Authors: A. V. Hoffbrand, J. S. Stewart, C. C. Booth, D. L. Mollin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency is a well- recognized complication of idiopathic steatorrhoea and acute tropical sprue.These conditions are characterized by abnor- malities of mucosal structure and absorptive function of the proximal small intestine, the principal site of folate absorption.On the other hand, in patients with anatomical lesions of the small intestine such as blind loops, strictures, and ileal re- sections, megaloblastic anaemia, if it occurs, is almost invariably due to vitamin B., deficiency (Mollin, 1960).Nevertheless there are a few reports which suggest that severe folate deficiency, sometimes with megaloblastic anae may occur in patients with Crohn's disease.Klipstein (1963) found en extremely low serum folate level in one patient with this disease which he attributed to inadequate dietary intake of the vitamin.Rose (1965) found subnormal serum folate levels in a fither three patients, two of whom showed " transitional " megaloblastic changes and one of the latter also excreted raised amounts of formioglutamic acid (Figlu).The patient of Hall (1953) who developed megaloblastic anaemia which re- sponded to large doses of folic acid, and the four anaemic patients of Knowles (1962) with positive Figlu tests, may also have been suffering from folate deficiency; but neither of these studies is conclusive, since B1, deficiency, which could have equally well been present, was not excluded.Thompson and Ungley (1955) describe the case of a patient who, though not naemic, was suffering from diarrhoea and loss of weight while an treatment with vitamin B12, which were promptly improved when folic acid was given.Though no direct tests for folate deficiency were available, it is likely that, this patient suffered from such deficiency.In our experience folate deficiency is frequent in patients with active Crohn's disease, and the purpose of this paper is to report the incidence and pathogenesis of the deficiency in a group of 64 patients and describe the value of folic acid therapy in this condition.
An Unusual Hernia
Authors: A. I. Padmanabhan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to report an unusual case of a giant scrotal hernia containing the distal half of the stomach as well as most of the intestines. An additional feature was that the portion of the stomach retained within the abdomen had perforated. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 65-year-old man entered the hospital because of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He had known of an inguinal hernia for many years, but had always refused surgery. Examination revealed hypotension, tachycardia, and a diffusely tender abdomen with absent bowel sounds. There was a painful, irreducible left scrotal hernia that reached the lower area of the thighs. The hematocrit value was 56%, and the leukocyte count, 14,500/cu mm. After aspiration of the stomach and fluid replacement, we performed exploratory laparotomy through a combined abdominoscrotal incision. The hernia contained the distal half of the stomach, the small bowel, and most of