tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Cholesterol Levels in the High Normal Range in Humans
Authors: Helmut O. Steinberg, Basel Bayazeed, Ginger Hook, Ann Johnson, Jessica Cronin, Alain D. Baron
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cholesterol levels in the high normal range are associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Methods and Results We studied leg blood flow (LBF) responses to graded intrafemoral artery infusions of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine chloride (MCh) or the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in normal volunteers exhibiting a wide range of total cholesterol levels within the normal range (&lt;75th percentile). LBF increased in a dose-dependent fashion in response to the femoral artery infusions of MCh and SNP ( P &lt;.001). LBF responses to MCh were significantly blunted ( P &lt;.001) in subjects with high normal cholesterol (195±6 mg/dL, n=13) compared with subjects with low normal cholesterol (146±5 mg/dL, n=20). Maximal endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the high normal group was decreased by nearly 50% compared with the low normal group (146±13% versus 268±34%, P &lt;.01). There was a negative correlation between total cholesterol levels and maximal endothelium-dependent vasodilation (total cholestero,l r =−.41, P &lt;.02; LDL cholesterol, r =−.42, P &lt;.02). On the other hand, LBF responses to the endothelium-independent vasodilator SNP did not differ between groups. Conclusions These data suggest that an inverse and continuous relationship exists between the prevailing cholesterol level and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Moreover, cholesterol levels even in the normal range may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, thus potentially contributing to the increased risk of macrovascular disease conferred by cholesterol elevations.
Accuracy of Laboratory Diagnostic Services
Authors: George P. Highland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A recent article inThe Journal(<b>202</b>, Oct 16, 1967, adv p 46), entitled "House Approves Laboratory Licensing Provisions," contained the statement, "He contended one out of every four diagnostic tests may be inaccurate." A statement of this nature was made by Dr. David Sencer, Director of the National Communicable Disease Center, before a hearing of the Senate Antitrust Subcommittee. Although the statement has received great public exposure, it leaves much to be desired in the realm of factuality. The basis for Dr. Sencer's statement was data obtained by NCDC surveys of 67 federal laboratories (ie, marine hospitals, outpatient clinics on Indian reservations, etc). These surveys included determinations of values for hemoglobin (November 1964) and serum electrolytes (October 1965 to May 1966). There was no participation in these surveys by nongovernmental hospitals or independent laboratories of any kind, and the reports are not remotely representative of countrywide
Brucellosis in the United States
Authors: Robert I. Wise
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The incidence of human brucellosis has declined in the United States since 1974, when 6,321 cases were reported, to 175 cases reported in 1973. A resurgence occurred in 1974 and 1975, when 247 and 328 cases were reported, respectively. This increase followed an increase in incidence of bovine brucellosis as indicated by an increase from 4.3 reactors per 1,000 market cattle in 1971 to 6.8 in 1974. Recurrence occurred in 15 states that had been free of the disease, and increased incidence occurred in other states. A total of 16,401 infected herds were identified in 1975, and 90% of these were in 11 states. Migration of infected cattle occurs through market channels. Effective control of brucellosis leading to local eradication, which could be national in scope, is biologically feasible. Physicians have a responsible role in this eradication.
No evidence of industry sponsorship bias in statin trials
Authors: H. Naci, S. Dias, T. Ades
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We share many of Bero’s concerns regarding the industry sponsorship of research.1 2 3

Studies of industry sponsorship bias must take account of real differences between products and doses. We have shown previously that higher dose statins achieve greater cholesterol reductions from baseline than lower dose ones.4

Taking account of dose differences, and thereby comparing like …
Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion in Young Adults with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Howard Schatz, Andrew C.O. Fong, H. Richard McDonald, Robert N. Johnson, Leonard Joffe, Charles P. Wilkinson, Jean-Jacques de Laey, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, Robert T. Wendel, Brian C. Joondeph, Louis V. Angioletti, Travis A. Meredith
Journal: Ophthalmology (1991)
β2-Microglobulin and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Low-Incidence Area-Reply
Authors: Susan Zolla-Pazner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> An increased incidence of elevated levels of β<sub>2</sub>M in homosexual men is an apparent reflection of intercurrent infections of diverse types. It is for precisely this reason that we stressed in our original article and that we stress again that quantitation of β<sub>2</sub>M must be performed as part of a panel of tests in evaluating the conditions of persons at risk for AIDS. Indeed, this reasoning is confirmed by the findings presented by Calabrese and Gupta in their letter that elevated levels of β<sub>2</sub>M in individuals in whom all other immunologic measurements are normal are unrelated, by and large, to AIDS but may reflect the life-style of the individuals and the various infections to which they are exposed by this life-style. Furthermore, we wish to stress that elevation of β<sub>2</sub>M levels, even when accompanied by other immunologic abnormalities, is not
SI Units: A Wholehearted Effort Is Needed
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>Editorial Response.—</h3> We are sympathetic with the confusion and inefficiency so well described by the authors. The world in general has changed to SI units. Many leading American journals, which are distributed to and read by much of medicine's world, also have changed. American Medical Association policy on this transition is more than 10 years old. Because medical science and communications are multinational, there seems to be no chance to turn back. Thus, we encourage hospital medical staffs, pathologists, medical school faculty, laboratory computer companies, and others to get on with the change. Leadership from many pathologists has been lacking because of fear of economic retribution from their hospital administrators and medical staffs. Computer companies fear lack of competitiveness. I hope these groups can get together and resolve the issue because disparities between the development and dissemination of knowledge and its routine application otherwise will only widen.
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: William H. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial entitled "Minimal Brain Dysfunction" (235: 183, 1976) proposes that it is appropriate to avoid the use of this "wastebasket diagnosis," especially since it is obvious to the editor that grouping children under such a label would apparently prevent determination of the pathogenesis of the underlying disorder or disorders and retard the development of appropriate treatment. Researchers at Yale apparently were unhampered by this semantic "myth."<sup>1</sup>1 They believe that they have developed an experimental model of minimal brain dysfunction in rats that suggests a functional deficiency of brain dopamine in the pathogenesis of minimal brain dysfunction. Such a pathogenesis apparently is supported by recent findings of a significantly reduced turnover of homovanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with minimal brain dysfunction.<sup>2</sup> If such research can be verified, the obvious potential of early replacement of dopamine may well prevent the development of the
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells by protein-based reprogramming without genetic manipulation
Authors: Hyun-Jai Cho, Choon-Soo Lee, Yoo-Wook Kwon, Jae Seung Paek, Sun-Hee Lee, Jin Hur, Eun Ju Lee, Tae-Young Roh, In-Sun Chu, Sun-Hee Leem, Youngsoo Kim, Hyun-Jae Kang, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Blood (2010)
ALL-associated JAK1 mutations confer hypersensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of type I interferon
Authors: Tekla Hornakova, Sabina Chiaretti, Muriel M. Lemaire, Robin Foà, Raouf Ben Abdelali, Vahid Asnafi, Marco Tartaglia, Jean-Christophe Renauld, Laurent Knoops
Journal: Blood (2010)
Smoking in China
Authors: T. O Cheng
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I was heartened by the titles of the Editor's Choice and Ronald M Davis's editorial1 in the issue of 8 October, which is dominated by articles on smoking. I wish to point out, however, that it is not enough just to slow the march of the Marlboro man; we should eliminate him altogether. After a letter that I wrote, entitled …
The effect of electrical stimulation on the number of mast cells in healing wounds
Authors: Jonathan D. Reich, Alejandro L. Cazzaniga, Patricia M. Mertz, Francisco A. Kerdel, William H. Eaglstein
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

Many cutaneous disorders are associated with activation or increased numbers of mast cells. Electrical stimulation has been shown to be effective in treating many of these disorders. This study is designed to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on mast cells in acute wounds. Four pathogen-free pigs received 20 wounds, each of which was subjected to biopsy at various times after wounding. Half of the wounds were treated with electrical stimulation and the other half were treated with a sham electrode. The biopsy specimens were fixed in Carnoy's medium and stained with alcian blue and Nuclear Fast Red. Mast cells from both sets of wounds were counted and analyzed. Highly significant reductions in the number of mast cells were seen with electrical stimulation on days 1 and 2 compared with nonstimulated control wounds. Electron microscopy was performed to compare the stimulated and control mast cells for characteristic features in morphology, location, and evidence of degranulation. Electrical stimulation did not appear to induce degranulation. The ability of electrical stimulation to decrease the number of mast cells may be related to a reduction of either proliferation or migration of these cells and may prove to be a valuable therapeutic technique. Many cutaneous disorders are associated with activation or increased numbers of mast cells. Electrical stimulation has been shown to be effective in treating many of these disorders. This study is designed to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on mast cells in acute wounds. Four pathogen-free pigs received 20 wounds, each of which was subjected to biopsy at various times after wounding. Half of the wounds were treated with electrical stimulation and the other half were treated with a sham electrode. The biopsy specimens were fixed in Carnoy's medium and stained with alcian blue and Nuclear Fast Red. Mast cells from both sets of wounds were counted and analyzed. Highly significant reductions in the number of mast cells were seen with electrical stimulation on days 1 and 2 compared with nonstimulated control wounds. Electron microscopy was performed to compare the stimulated and control mast cells for characteristic features in morphology, location, and evidence of degranulation. Electrical stimulation did not appear to induce degranulation. The ability of electrical stimulation to decrease the number of mast cells may be related to a reduction of either proliferation or migration of these cells and may prove to be a valuable therapeutic technique.
Sexual dysfunction in men after treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms: evidence from randomised controlled trial
Authors: S. T Brookes
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the impact on sexual function of treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms in men. <b>Design:</b> Multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled trial of standard surgery (transurethral resection of the prostate), non-contact laser therapy, and conservative management (no active intervention). <b>Setting:</b> Three clinical centres in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants:</b> 340 men aged between 48 and 90 years with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic enlargement. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> ICS <i>sex</i> questionnaire items concerned with erectile stiffness, ejaculatory volume, pain or discomfort on ejaculation, whether sex life was spoilt by urinary symptoms. <b>Results:</b> Erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction were common (70%) and problematic at baseline and showed the expected trends with ageing. After treatment, reduced ejaculation was reported in all groups but was not significantly worse after standard surgery than after laser therapy. Erectile function was significantly improved after standard surgery; no significant difference was found between standard surgery and laser therapy (odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 1.38). Standard surgery was significantly better at relieving pain or discomfort on ejaculation than either conservative management (0.06, 0.007 to 0.49) or laser therapy (0.09, 0.01 to 0.73). <b>Conclusions:</b> Compared with laser therapy standard surgery for lower urinary tract symptoms has a beneficial effect on aspects of sexual function—particularly in improving erectile function and reducing reported pain or discomfort on ejaculation. Older men who need treatment and want to retain or improve sexual function may thus want to consider standard surgery rather than non-contact laser therapy. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction are common and often problematic in older men Standard surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (transurethral resection of the prostate) has been reported to cause greater erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction than newer less invasive treatments such as laser therapy <h3>What this study adds</h3> While standard surgery and laser therapy are associated with reduced ejaculation, other aspects of sexual function, particularly erectile function and pain or discomfort on ejaculation are significantly improved after standard surgery, with few new cases of impotence Standard surgery rather than minimally invasive therapies should be considered for older men who need treatment for problematic lower urinary tract symptoms and who wish to retain or improve sexual function
Essential Roles for the Abl and Arg Tyrosine Kinases in Neurulation
Authors: Anthony J Koleske, Ann M Gifford, Martin L Scott, Michelle Nee, Roderick T Bronson, Klaus A Miczek, David Baltimore
Journal: Neuron (1998)

The Abl and Arg tyrosine kinases play fundamental roles in the development and function of the central nervous system. Arg is most abundant in adult mouse brain, especially in synapse-rich regions. arg−/− mice develop normally but exhibit multiple behavioral abnormalities, suggesting that arg−/− brains suffer from defects in neuronal function. Embryos deficient in both Abl and Arg suffer from defects in neurulation and die before 11 days postcoitum (dpc). Although they divide normally, abl−/−arg−/− neuroepithelial cells display gross alterations in their actin cytoskeleton. We find that Abl and Arg colocalize with each other and with actin microfilaments at the apical surface of the developing neuroepithelium. Thus, Abl and Arg play essential roles in neurulation and can regulate the structure of the actin cytoskeleton.
A CASE OF "MATHEMATICALLY-PERFECT EYES."
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

On Oct. 12, 1897, I was consulted by a gentleman 50 years of age, whose chief complaint was of subconjunctival hemorrhages, which had occurred on an average every two weeks during the past year. I found that he had consulted a great many oculists during this time who had either given general treatment for gout (of which there was some slight evidence) or had sent him to the general practitioner, or had only prescribed reading-glasses, etc. The hemorrhages seemed to come on spontaneously and were bothersome chiefly because they gave the man such a frightful appearance, and caused mental worry, rather than any decided pain or trouble of vision. One eye was generally affected at a time, and as the hemorrhage only stopped when the subconjunctival space was thoroughly filled with blood, the appearance of the eye and patient is easily imagined. I frankly asked the gentleman what he supposed
Phalangeal Metastases From Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Abdolazim Vaezy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

BONE metastases are common in bronchogenic carcinoma, but the occurrence of metastases to small bones of the hands and feet is relatively rare.<sup>1</sup>It is particularly unusual for such metastases to be responsible for the presenting complaint of a patient with lung cancer. We recently encountered two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung; one had symptoms referrable to such peripheral bone metastases, and one had symptoms simulating gout. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1. —</h3> A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a two-month history of painful swelling of his right ring finger. For several weeks he had experienced intermittent fever and chills. He had experienced a chronic cough and dyspnea during exertion for a number of years. He had smoked three packs of cigarettes per day for 35 years and had traveled extensively, including a visit to parts of southwestern United States within the past
The Introduction of Computer-based Patient Records in the Netherlands
Authors: Johan van der Lei
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Computer-based patient records, although an area of active research, are not in widespread use. In June 1992, 38% of Dutch general practitioners had introduced computer-based patient records. Of these, 70% had replaced the paper patient record with a computer-based record to retrieve and record clinical data during consultations. Possible reasons for the use of computer-based patient records include the nature of Dutch general practice and the early and active role of professional organizations in recognizing the potential of computer-stored patient records. Professional organizations issued guidelines for information systems in general practice, evaluated available systems, and provided postgraduate training that prepares physicians to use the systems. In addition, professional organizations successfully urged the government to reimburse general practitioners part of the expenses related to the introduction of computer-based patient records. Our experience indicates that physicians are willing and able to integrate information technology in their practices and that professional organizations can play an active role in the introduction of information technology.
Medical manpower and the hospital service
Authors: D. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

developed chronic hepatitis.Their sera were checked by Dr Eddleston and were also e-antigen and e-antibody negative.As reported,' we have been using a test of in-vivo macrophage (Kupffer cell) function by means of the clearance of microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin.Our normal values expressed as half life are 141 +3 3 min, and these particular patients had values of 25, 40, and 40 min respectively.The last two patients have died.These results are in contrast to those of other patients with chronic hepatitis who have been studied and have been found to have normal Kupffer cell function.2Dr Galbraith and his colleagues have evidence that their patients had some cellular and humoral immunity.We have evidence that the patients at risk have impaired macrophage function.Indeed it has previously been postulated that one of the important functions of the Kupffer cell is to protect the hepatic parenchymal cells from viral infection.
Confidential paediatric inquiry into neonatal deaths in Wessex, 1981 and 1982.
Authors: B Wood, J C Catford, J J Cogswell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

From 1 January 1981 to 31 December 1982, 66 256 births and 386 neonatal deaths were recorded in the Wessex Regional Health Authority, giving a neonatal mortality of 5.8/1000 live births. An experienced consultant paediatrician undertook a confidential inquiry into each death shortly after it had been reported. One hundred and forty four deaths (37%) were found to be due to lethal or severe malformations, an incidence of 2.2/1000 births. Of the 242 normally formed infants, 111 (46%) died within 24 hours of birth. Seventy seven (32%) weighed over 2500 g at birth. Factors operating before delivery accounted for 104 (43%) of the deaths of normally formed infants. The commonest factors were short gestation and low birth weight, and intrauterine hypoxia and birth injury. Factors after delivery accounted for 81 deaths (33%), the commonest being infections and sudden infant deaths. In the remaining 57 deaths (24%) it seemed that a combination of factors before and after birth had led to the death. Factors before birth thus played a part in two thirds of all deaths. Possible adverse factors in medical care were sought in 154 potentially viable babies and were identified in 38--that is, 10% of all neonatal deaths. Better provision and training of district staff in immediate care at birth would achieve more in lowering neonatal mortality in Wessex than the setting up of a regional unit specializing in advanced neonatal intensive care. Moreover, the greatest scope for improving the outcome of childbirth in Wessex would be offered if there were further advances in obstetric rather than neonatal care.
A CASE OF SCROTAL CALCULI.
Authors: HENRY BENJAMIN OERTEL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —M. S., aged 38, white, had had for four months before I took charge of the case, (Nov. 5, 1906), swelling of and pain in the scrotum, penis and adjacent parts. He had also been troubled with leaking of the urine from two false openings through the penis situated one inch and one and three quarters inches, respectively, from the base. He gave a history of syphilitic infection of eleven months standing. <h3>Examination.</h3> —His general condition was fair, facial expression anxious with normal temperature and exhilarated pulse. There was decided swelling of scrotum and penis and pus exuding from the meatus and the two false openings. The parts were so tender as to make a thorough examination impossible. After three days use of lead water and laudanum and codein, examination again was made, which revealed the sharp edge of a hard substance at extreme inferior border of scrotum, just
CHLORAMPHENICOL—A NEW WARNING
Authors: William Dameshek
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In one month recently, I saw 4 new cases of aplastic anemia. Although they ranged in age from 3 to 63, and came from different sections of the country, they had one common denominator: chloramphenicol had been used in the recent past for minor respiratory infections. There was no history of the use of other antibiotics or potentially toxic drugs and since the anemia and the other manifestations appeared a few months after the last administration of chloramphenicol, it seemed clear that this drug was responsible for the marrow aplasia. In our recently studied series of aplastic anemia (seen within the past 3 years ) 8 of 30 had received significant amounts of chloromycetin, almost invariably for minor infections. Of the most recent 10 cases of aplastic anemia, 5 had followed therapy with chloramphenicol. The tragic thing about all these seriously ill cases, most of whom died, is<i>that the drug</i>
Induction interferon alfa-2a might improve the outcome of compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis
Authors: R. Planas, J.C. Quer, J. Enri-Quez, J.M. Barrera, B. Dalmau, T. Casanovas, J.M. Viver, M. Torres, J. Boadas, R. Solagrave
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)