tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
413 FIBROTEST (FT) VALUE INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTS EARLY (EVR) AND SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (SVR) IN NON-RESPONDER PATIENTS RE-TREATED WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2B (PEG-2B) AND RIBAVIRIN IN EPIC3
Authors: T. Poynard, E.R. Schiff, R. Terg, R. Moreno-Otero, S.L. Flamm, W. Schmidt, T. Berg, F.L. Goncales, J.E. Heathcote, M. Diago, T. McGarrity, P. Bedossa, H. Zhou, P. Mukhopadhyay, L.H. Griffel, M. Burroughs, C.A. Brass, J.K. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Testosterone increased risk for adverse events in older men with mobility limitations
Authors: Michael J. Lichtenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club21 December 2010Testosterone increased risk for adverse events in older men with mobility limitationsMichael J. Lichtenstein, MD, MScMichael J. Lichtenstein, MD, MScUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA (M.J.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBasaria S, Coviello AD, Travison TG, et al. Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:109-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20592293Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: Geriatrics: Reference1 Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:321-33. [PMID: 12117397] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael J. Lichtenstein, MD, MScAffiliations: University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA (M.J.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 December 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 12Page: JC6-7KeywordsAdverse eventsArrhythmiaBlood pressureHeart failureMedical risk factorsSafetySleep apneaTestosteroneUlcersUnstable angina ePublished: 21 December 2010 Issue Published: 21 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 424: Invasion and metastasis of human colon cancer cells is prevented by aldose reductase inhibition
Authors: Satish K. Srivastava, Ravinder Tammali, Piotr G. Rychahou, Mark B. Evers, Sanjay Awasthi, Kota V. Ramana
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Worldwide colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the USA. Although therapeutic options for patients with CRC have increased substantially, including earlier diagnosis, improved surgery as well as chemo- and radiation therapies, ∼61% of patients have metastatic disease and of these, 90% die within 5 years of diagnosis. Hence better therapeutic interventions to manage the metastatic process in CRC patients are mandatory. We have recently shown that inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme that catalyzes reduction of lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates, prevents human colon cancer cell growth in culture as well as in nude mice xenografts by inhibiting the NF-kB-dependent activation of inflammatory and carcinogenic markers. We have now investigated the effect of AR inhibition in metastatic spread of human CRC cells in nude mice and the molecular mechanisms by which AR inhibition prevents colon cancer cell invasion, migration, adhesion and metastasis. Our results indicate that AR inhibition prevents growth factors-induced migration and invasion of HT-29 CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. AR inhibition also significantly inhibited adhesion of CRC cells to endothelial cells and inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and VE-cadherin. Further, we injected KM20 cells, transfected with a plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP), into the spleen of athymic nude mice to establish liver metastases. The mice were treated with AR inhibitor or siRNA for 30 days. Our results indicate that AR inhibition or ablation prevents in vivo invasion and metastasis of CRC cells by reducing levels of AR, MMP2, cyclin D1, and CD34 and suppresses the activation of NF-kB. Since AR inhibitor fidarestat aggressively prevents human tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice and cellular models, and has already undergone phase-iii clinical studies for diabetic neuropathy, it is an excellent candidate for clinical application in preventing colon cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Funding Support: NIH/NCI CA129383 (SKS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 424.
Natural History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in Hemophiliacs: Effects of T-Cell Subsets, Platelet Counts, and Age
Authors: M. E. Eyster, M. H. Gail, J. O. Ballard, Hamid Al-Mondhiry, J. J. Goedert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Serial T-cell subsets and platelet counts were determined in a cohort of 84 hemophiliacs in whom time of seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody could be ascertained. An abrupt decrease in the number of T-helper (T4) cells was seen in 9 patients 12 to 24 months before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed (p = 0.0007 compared with those who did not develop AIDS). Thrombocytopenia also was associated with an increased risk for AIDS (p = 0.02), as was older age at the time of seroconversion (p = 0.03). Ten patients developed AIDS at 24 to 95 months after seroconversion, for a cumulative incidence (+/- SE) of 18.0% +/- 7.1% at 6 years. Hemophiliacs who had T4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/microL had a 50% +/- 16% cumulative incidence of AIDS within 2 years, indicating that decreasing or very low T4 cell counts have predictive value for the development of AIDS. Furthermore, the data suggest that thrombocytopenia and older age may be markers for a cofactor that increases the risk for AIDS in hemophiliacs.
Trimodality Treatment and Selective Organ Preservation for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Claus Rödel, Christian Weiss, Rolf Sauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is cystectomy. Trimodality treatment, including transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), radiation therapy and chemotherapy, has been shown to produce survival rates comparable to those of cystectomy. With these programs, cystectomy has been reserved for patients with incomplete response or local relapse. During the past 15 years, organ preservation by trimodality treatment has been investigated in prospective series from single centers and cooperative groups, with more than 1,000 patients included. Five-year overall survival rates in the range of 50% to 60% have been reported, and approximately three quarters of the surviving patients maintained their bladder. Clinical criteria helpful in determining ideal patients for bladder preservation include early tumor stage (including high-risk T1 disease), a visibly complete TURBT, and absence of ureteral obstruction. Close coordination among all disciplines is required to achieve optimal results. Future investigations will focus on (1) optimizing radiation techniques and incorporating more effective systemic chemotherapy, and (2) the proper selection of patients based on molecular makers.
Susceptibility of p53-deficient mice to induction of mesothelioma by crocidolite asbestos fibers.
Authors: J M Marsella, B L Liu, C A Vaslet, A B Kane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Exposure of mesothelial cells to asbestos fibers in vitro has been shown to induce DNA damage mediated by oxidants. An early cellular response to DNA damage is increased expression of the p53 protein. This protein induces transcription of genes that activate cell cycle checkpoints or induce apoptosis. A murine mesothelial cell line that spontaneously acquired a point mutation in the p53 gene shows increased sensitivity to DNA damage induced by crocidolite asbestos fibers. It is hypothesized that p53-deficient mice will show increased sensitivity to the genotoxic effects of asbestos and accelerated development of malignant mesotheliomas.
Are migrant patients really a drain on European health systems?
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signals through several pathways, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, Jun kinase, and C kinase, and stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts. Pentoxifylline inhibits PDGF-driven proliferation of fibroblasts. We have reported that pentoxifylline did not inhibit binding of PDGF to its specific cell-surface receptors or PDGF receptor phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated the effect of PDGF on the expression of c-<i>fos</i> and c-<i>jun</i>, because c-<i>fos</i> and c-<i>jun</i> form activator protein-1 complexes that stimulate genes involved in proliferation. We determined whether pentoxifylline would alter the expression of c-<i>fos</i> and c-<i>jun</i>. Our results indicate that PDGF induced the expression of both c-<i>fos</i> and c-<i>jun.</i> Pentoxifylline effectively reduced c-<i>jun</i> gene expression, which had been up-regulated by PDGF, but did not alter c-<i>fos</i> gene expression. The lack of effect on c-<i>fos</i> supports other studies from this laboratory, which indicate that pentoxifylline did not inhibit PDGF activation of MAP kinase. Treatment of fibroblasts with a phosphothioate c-<i>jun</i> antisense oligodeoxynucleotide reduced the levels of c-Jun protein and blocked PDGF-stimulated proliferation, suggesting a critical role for c-<i>jun</i> in PDGF-mediated proliferation. Combination of pentoxifylline and c-<i>jun</i> antisense suggested that they were likely inhibiting PDGF-stimulated proliferation at a single site in the PDGF signaling pathway. These results suggest that pentoxifylline inhibits PDGF-stimulated proliferation by selectively decreasing c-<i>jun</i> expression. To further define the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline, we assessed the effect of pentoxifylline on c-Jun and phosphorylated c-Jun immunoreactivity in cells treated with PDGF and cells that were transfected with wild-type c-<i>jun</i> plasmid using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses, and our results indicate that pentoxifylline inhibited phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73.
Sperm bank failed to reveal donor's criminal record and schizophrenia, couple alleges
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A Canadian same sex couple is suing a US sperm bank for misrepresenting the achievements and identity of the donor who is the biological father of their son, after they discovered his name through a breach of confidentiality. The donor is also a defendant in the suit.

When Angela Collins and Margaret Elizabeth Hanson, of Port Hope, Ontario, decided to have a family, they chose one of three US sperm banks approved by Canada’s health department, Xytex Corporation of Atlanta, Georgia. Their research led them to this company, their complaint alleges, because of its claims of arduous screening of donors.

They eventually selected “donor 9623,” on the basis of an impressive list of qualities they …
Interaction versus observation: A finer look at this distinction and its importance to autism
Authors: Elizabeth Redcay, Katherine Rice, Rebecca Saxe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Although a second-person neuroscience has high ecological validity, the extent to which a second- versus third-person neuroscience approach fundamentally alters neural patterns of activation requires more careful investigation. Nonetheless, we are hopeful that this new avenue will prove fruitful in significantly advancing our understanding of typical and atypical social cognition.
Bilirubin Metabolism in Man
Authors: Rudi Schmid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Bilirubin: Chemical PropertiesIN 1936, on the occasion of being awarded an honorary doctorate by Harvard University, Hans Fischer was described "as the man who taught us what makes grass green and blood red." The citation might have added "what makes bile yellow," for by 1936, Fischer and his pupils had succeeded in demonstrating that the heme of hemoglobin, the chlorophyll of plants, and the yellow bile pigment, bilirubin, have similar molecular structures. This structural similarity permitted the conclusion that the linear tetrapyrrole bilirubin is formed by cleavage of the cyclic tetrapyrrole protoporphyrin (Fig. 1); the latter compound, in the . . .
Croup vs Epiglottitis vs Tracheitis
Authors: David C. Hefelfinger
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article by Roger Jones, MD, et al (1979;242:721) describes a distinct entity, bacterial tracheitis, which bears close resemblance to croup and epiglottitis. The authors differentiate the disease by noting on direct visualization a normal epiglottis, marked subglottic edema associated with copious purulent mucus from the trachea, and six of eight patient tracheal cultures yielding Staphylococcus aureus .  Report of a Case.—  Recently, I hospitalized a 17-month-old infant with moderate to severe upper airway obstruction. The initial impression was infection croup associated with moderate to severe respiratory distress suggestive of epiglottitis. Direct examination of the airway on admission showed a normal epiglottis. A repeated examination at 12 hours indicated a similar finding with the exception of moderate mucopus in the trachea. The child was treated supportively with oxygen mist, intravenous fluids, and intermittent positive-pressure breathing with racemic epinephrine. However, from 48 to 72 hours after admission she still
Professional Voice: The Science and Art of Clinical Care
Authors: Gregory J. Matz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The surgical and medical care of the professional voice is being recognized as an emerging subspecialty of otolaryngology. Most of the chapters in this book originated as a series of lectures given by the author at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. Twenty-three of the 33 chapters are written or coauthored by Dr Robert Sataloff. Overall, this book is quite a good beginning to the study of the professional voice for physicians and others interested in the diagnosis and care of those who use their voices professionally. It contains useful information on the anatomy, physiology, physical examination, and medical treatment of patients with voice disorders. The author, a national expert in this field, appropriately discusses such topics as allergy, endocrine disorders, obesity, and hearing loss as they relate to the professional voice. The best chapters are an overview of laryngeal function for voice production and one on vocal tract
Gynecomastia: An Endocrinologic Complication of Hemodialysis
Authors: RICHARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Gynecomastia was observed in 10 of 24 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. In nine patients, breast enlargement appeared 2 to 9 months after the beginning of twice-weekly hemodialysis. In one patient, gynecomastia was present before dialysis was started. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were the same in dialysis patients with gynecomastia as in the dialysis patients without gynecomastia. There was variation in degree and duration of gynecomastia. Gynecomastia was bilateral in nine patients. The following possible causes of gynecomastia do not appear to be responsible for dialysis-induced gynecomastia: drugs (methyldopa, digitalis, tranquilizers), liver disease, and malnutrition. Gynecomastia in dialysis patients clinically resembles "refeeding gynecomastia" observed after World War II. The physiologic mechanism for gynecomastia, however, is unknown.
Sleep disturbance in the young child
Authors: M. Aylett
Journal: BMJ (1980)

non-crying babies.Hutt7 describes parallels.High pulse rates have been found in withdrawn psychotic patients.8While preparing a paper on adolescent suicide attempts in this health district over 12 months I noted that, with a few exceptions, both the mothers' memory and medical records indicated that the 40 teenagers were non-crying babies.I had hoped to entitle the presentation "The unheard cry growing up."Although, as Dunn surmises,2 parents and babies are allowed time to adjust and early reactions are certainly not exclusively all- important for future emotional development, awareness of "silent" infant protest is im- portant.We can then deal with causative factors and learn to contain also the anxiety or aggression arising therefrom.
Abstract 724: Selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonists inhibit the proliferation of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells
Authors: Irving W. Wainer, Lawrence Toll, Lucita Jimenez, Willma Polgar, Carol Green, Jason Gow, Kathleen O'Loughlin, Michel Bernier
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonists inhibit the proliferation of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells Lawrence Toll1, Lucita Jimenez1, Willma Polgar1, Carol Green1, Jason Gow1, Kathleen O'Loughlin1, Michel Bernier2, Irving W. Wainer2 1 SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 2 Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD We have reported the synthesis of fenoterol analogs and the characterization of these compounds as selective β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists, which have a broad range of abilities to stimulate cAMP accumulation in β2-AR transfected HEK cells, EC50cAMP. We now report the effect of a series of these compounds on the growth of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells (Table). In the 1321N1 cells, β2-AR stimulation by fenoterol analogs potently inhibited [3H]-thymidine incorporation with IC50 values that correlated with the EC50cAMP values. The effects were blocked by the β2-AR antagonist propranolol and mimicked by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. (R,R)-Fenoterol induced G1 arrest with an associated decrease in the proportion of cells in G2 and S phase and modulated the levels of proteins involved in cell division. The results indicate that selective β2-AR agonists may exert unanticipated antitumor effects against neural-derived neoplasms that express the β2-AR.Table.Functional activities of fenoterol analogs. Stimulation of cAMP accumulation was determined in intact HEK cells transfected with the β2-AR. Fenoterol analogs do not inhibit mitogenesis in HEK cells. Inhibition of [3H]-thymidine incorporation was conducted in 1321N1 cells in which the β2-AR is natively expressed. Results expressed as mean ± SD, n = 4.CompoundStimulation of cAMP AccumulationMitogenesis Inhibition EC50 (nM)% StimulationIC50 (nM)Isoproterenol0.20 ± 0.091000.05 ± 0.01(R,R)-fenoterol0.30 ± 0.09123.30 ± 8.790.14 ± 0.07(R,R)-4-methoxyfenoterol0.30 ± 0.23135.70 ± 11.030.17 ± 0.02(R,R)-ethylfenoterol2.80 ± 0.90125.40 ± 5.741.44 ± 0.27(R,R)-1-naphthylfenoterol12.5 ± 3.50129.20± 23.61.57 ± 0.34(R,R)-2-naphthylfenoterol0.40 ± 0.1290.30 ± 9.811.91 ± 0.57(R,R)-4-methoxy-1-naphthyl fenoterol3.90 ± 1.80105.90 ± 11.063.98 ± 0.28 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 724.
HLA-E–restricted regulatory CD8+ T cells are involved in development and control of human autoimmune type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hong Jiang, Steve M. Canfield, Mary P. Gallagher, Hong H. Jiang, Yihua Jiang, Zongyu Zheng, Leonard Chess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

A key feature of the immune system is its ability to discriminate self from nonself. Breakdown in any of the mechanisms that maintain unresponsiveness to self (a state known as self-tolerance) contributes to the development of autoimmune conditions. Recent studies in mice show that CD8(+) T cells specific for the unconventional MHC class I molecule Qa-1 bound to peptides derived from the signal sequence of Hsp60 (Hsp60sp) contribute to self/nonself discrimination. However, it is unclear whether they exist in humans and play a role in human autoimmune diseases. Here we have shown that CD8(+) T cells specific for Hsp60sp bound to HLA-E (the human homolog of Qa-1) exist and play an important role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance by discriminating self from nonself in humans. Furthermore, in the majority of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients tested, there was a specific defect in CD8(+) T cell recognition of HLA-E/Hsp60sp, which was associated with failure of self/nonself discrimination. However, the defect in the CD8(+) T cells from most of the T1D patients tested could be corrected in vitro by exposure to autologous immature DCs loaded with the Hsp60sp peptide. These data suggest that HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) T cells may play an important role in keeping self-reactive T cells in check. Thus, correction of this defect could be a potentially effective and safe approach in the therapy of T1D.
Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms From Intravenously Administered Erythromycin
Authors: Larry J. Klika
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  A previously healthy 32-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of Mycoplasma pneumonia. Erythromycin lactobionate was administered at a dosage of 400 mg every six hours by slow intravenous (IV) infusion. After each dose, the patient complained of transient nausea. With the fourth and fifth doses, cramping and emesis occurred within an hour of administration of the erythromycin. Therapy was then changed to 250 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride, given IV every six hours. The patient made an uneventful recovery without further gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms. No history of drug sensitivity was noted, and no other medication was given, other than erythromycin, that could have accounted for the patient's nausea, cramping, or vomiting.  We were not previously aware of this side effect from IV erythromycin lactobionate. Neither the manufacturer's insert 1 nor a current pharmacology text 2 mention this side effect. Oral preparations often produce irritative
On the descriptive validity and prescriptive utility of fast and frugal models
Authors: Clare Harries, Mandeep K. Dhami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Simple heuristics and regression models make different assumptions about behaviour. Both the environment and judgment can be described as fast and frugal. We do not know whether humans are successful when being fast and frugal. We must assess both global accuracy and the costs of Type I and II errors. These may be “smart heuristics that make researchers look simple.”
Chromosomes, genes, and cancer
Authors: F. Mitelman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

For over 100 years, scientists have been investigating the role of genetic change in neoplasia. Dr. Felix Mitelman, a Professor in the Department of Clinical Genetics at the University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, describes the progression in thought and technology that has led to the identification and characterization of genetic changes leading to cancer at a chromosomal and molecular level.