tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Screening Scores and Medication Nonadherence
Authors: Chris L. Bryson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Medication nonadherence is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Alcohol misuse may be a risk factor for nonadherence; however, evidence is limited. Objective: To identify whether alcohol misuse, as identified by a simple screening tool, is associated in a dose–response manner with increased risk for medication nonadherence in veterans attending primary care clinics. Design: Secondary analysis of cohort data collected prospectively from 1997 to 2000 as part of a randomized, controlled trial. Setting: 7 Veterans Affairs primary care clinics. Participants: 5473 patients taking a statin, 3468 patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents, and 13 729 patients taking antihypertensive medications. Measurements: Patients completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire, a validated 3-question alcohol misuse screening test. Their scores were categorized into nondrinkers; low-level alcohol use; and mild, moderate, and severe alcohol misuse. Medication adherence, defined as having medications available for at least 80% of the observation days, was measured from pharmacy records for either 90 days or 1 year after the alcohol screening date. Logistic regression was used to estimate the predicted proportions of adherent patients in each AUDIT-C group and adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Results: The proportion of patients treated for hypertension and hyperlipidemia who were nonadherent increased with higher AUDIT-C scores. For 1-year adherence to statins, the percentage of adherent patients was lower in the 2 highest alcohol misuse groups (adjusted percentage of adherent patients, 58% [95% CI, 52% to 65%] and 55% [CI, 47% to 63%]) than in the nondrinker group (66% [CI, 64% to 68%]). For 1-year adherence to antihypertensive regimens, the percentage of adherent patients was lower in the 3 highest alcohol misuse groups (adjusted percentage of adherent patients, 61% [CI, 58% to 64%]; 60% [CI, 56% to 63%]; and 56% [CI, 52% to 60%]) than in the nondrinker group (64% [CI, 63% to 65%]). No statistically significant differences were observed for oral hypoglycemics in adjusted analyses. Limitation: This observational study cannot address whether changes in drinking lead to changes in adherence and may not be generalizable to other populations. Conclusion: Alcohol misuse, as measured by a brief screening questionnaire, was associated with increased risk for medication nonadherence.
678 LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF PD-1 EXPRESSION ON HCV-SPECIFIC CD8+ CELLS DURING ANTI-HCV TREATMENT ACCORDING TO VIROLOGIC OUTCOME
Authors: J.R. Larrubia, S. Benito-Martínez, J. Miquel, M. Calvino, E. Sanz-de-Villalobos, A. González-Praetorius, S. Albertos, T. Parra-Cid
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Prompting the clinical care of non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetic patients in an inner city area: one model of community care.
Authors: B Hurwitz, C Goodman, J Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The authors report the case of a 67-year-old woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) without prior nephrectomy, who had received long-term exposure (38 months) to the oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), sunitinib. She had a sustained clinical and radiological response to her therapy, but had this therapy discontinued due to the rare development of nephrotic syndrome.
TCT-682 Clinical Advantage Of Adjunctive Intracardiac Echocardiography In Angiography-Guided Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Freek Nijhoff, Ruben J. Overduin, Mariam Samim, Pieter R. Stella, Pierfrancesco Agostoni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Revertant mosaicism in a human skin fragility disorder results from slipped mispairing and mitotic recombination
Authors: Dimitra Kiritsi, Yinghong He, Anna M.G. Pasmooij, Meltem Onder, Rudolf Happle, Marcel F. Jonkman, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, Cristina Has
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Spontaneous gene repair, also called revertant mosaicism, has been documented in several genetic disorders involving organs that undergo self-regeneration, including the skin. Genetic reversion may occur through different mechanisms, and in a single individual, the mutation can be repaired in various ways. Here we describe a disseminated pattern of revertant mosaicism observed in 6 patients with Kindler syndrome (KS), a genodermatosis caused by loss of kindlin-1 (encoded by FERMT1) and clinically characterized by patchy skin pigmentation and atrophy. All patients presented duplication mutations (c.456dupA and c.676dupC) in FERMT1, and slipped mispairing in direct nucleotide repeats was identified as the reversion mechanism in all investigated revertant skin spots. The sequence around the mutations demonstrated high propensity to mutations, favoring both microinsertions and microdeletions. Additionally, in some revertant patches, mitotic recombination generated areas with homozygous normal keratinocytes. Restoration of kindlin-1 expression led to clinically and structurally normal skin. Since loss of kindlin-1 severely impairs keratinocyte proliferation, we predict that revertant cells have a selective advantage that allows their clonal expansion and, consequently, the improvement of the skin condition.
Fetal and postnatal development of Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ sparks in rat cardiomyocytes
Authors: S Seki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of [Ca2+]i in rat heart in the fetal and neonatal periods. Methods: Using confocal scanning laser microscopy and the Ca2+ indicator fluo-3, we investigated Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ sparks in single ventricular myocytes freshly isolated from rat fetuses and neonates. T-tubules were labeled with a membrane-selective dye (di-8-ANEPPS). Spatial association of dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) was also examined by double-labeling immunofluorescence. Results: Ca2+ transients in the fetal myocytes were characterized by slower upstroke and decay of [Ca2+]i compared to those in adult myocytes. The magnitude of fetal Ca2+ transients was decreased after application of ryanodine (1 μM) or thapsigargin (1 μM). However, Ca2+ sparks were rarely detected in the fetal myocytes. Frequent ignition of Ca2+ sparks was established in the 6–9-day neonatal period, and was predominantly observed in the subsarcolemmal region. The developmental change in Ca2+ sparks coincided with development of the t-tubule network. The immunofluorescence study revealed colocalization of DHPR and RyR in the postnatal period, which was, however, not observed in the fetal period. In the adult myocytes, Ca2+ sparks disappeared after disruption of t-tubules by glycerol incubation (840 mM). Conclusions: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rat ventricular myocytes already functions early in the fetal period. However, ignition of Ca2+ sparks depends on postnatal t-tubule formation and resultant colocalization of DHPR and RyR.
Risks of Cancer of the Colon and Rectum in Relation to Serum Cholesterol and Beta-Lipoprotein
Authors: Sven A. Törnberg, Lars-Erik Holm, John M. Carstensen, Gunnar A. Eklund
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We studied the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein in more than 92,000 Swedish subjects less than 75 years old. The cohort was examined between 1963 and 1965 and followed by means of the Swedish Cancer Register until 1979. During this period, 528 colon cancers and 311 rectal cancers developed. A positive association was observed between the serum cholesterol level and the risk of rectal cancer among men (P less than 0.05), with a relative risk of 1.65 in men with levels greater than or equal to 276 mg per deciliter (7.1 mmol per liter). An association was also observed between the serum beta-lipoprotein level and the risk of rectal cancer among men (P less than 0.05). When cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels were considered together, they were associated with both rectal and colon cancer in men. The relative risk in men with both cholesterol greater than or equal to 250 mg per deciliter (6.5 mmol per liter) and beta-lipoprotein greater than or equal to 12 units (2.2 g per liter) was 1.62 for colon cancer (95 percent confidence interval, 1.18 to 2.22) and 1.70 for rectal cancer (1.18 to 2.44). Similar trends were observed in women, although they were not statistically significant.
ALCOHOL VERSUS ANIMAL POISON.
Authors: CHAS. H. SHEPARD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Animal poison is by no means uncommon, and so quick and mysterious is its action that a prompt remedy is a vital necessity. There is good reason to believe that the numerous remedies that have been recommended from earliest times as antidotes for animal poison are worthless, as they have not the properties commonly ascribed to them. The paucity of remedies is so great that alcohol is the one which comes most quickly to the mind of those who have been taught in the traditions of the past, and who are not fully aware of its action on the human system. We shall endeavor to show that the action of alcohol is not helpful; on the contrary it is really detrimental, and also that there is a better way out of the difficulty. If we get a splinter in the body, vital energy is aroused to get rid of the
Importance of synovial fluid aspiration when injecting intra-articular corticosteroids
Authors: T. Weitoft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> The aim of this prospective study was to find if a complete synovial fluid aspiration before injecting intra-articular corticosteroids influences the treatment result. <h3>METHODS</h3> The study was performed in 147 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One hundred and ninety one knees with synovitis were randomised to arthrocentesis (n=95) or no arthrocentesis (n=96) before 20 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide was injected. The duration of effect was followed up for a period of six months. All patients were instructed to contact the rheumatology department if signs and symptoms from the treated knee recurred. If arthritis could be confirmed by a clinical examination a relapse was noted. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was a significant reduction of relapse in the arthrocentesis group (p=0.001). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The study shows that aspiration of synovial fluid can reduce the risk for arthritis relapse when treating RA patients with intra-articular corticosteroids. It is concluded that arthrocentesis shall be included in the intra-articular corticosteroid injection procedure.
Ciprofloxacin Compared With Doxycycline for Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We compared 7-day regimens of ciprofloxacin in dosages of 750 and 1000 mg twice daily with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis in 178 men enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. The overall clinical response was comparable in the three treatment groups at both 2 and 4 weeks after therapy. However, among patients who initially had cultures positive for chlamydia, Chlamydia trachomatis was reisolated within 4 weeks after treatment in none of 10 doxycycline-treated patients, in 11 (52%) of 21 patients treated with 750 mg of ciprofloxacin twice daily, and in six (38%) of 16 patients treated with 1000 mg of ciprofloxacin twice daily. Each of the recurrent strains was identical in serotype to the original infecting strain. We conclude that ciprofloxacin in dosages as high as 2 g daily is inadequate for treatment of chlamydial urethritis in men, often resulting in relapsing infections.
TCTAP A-173 The Impact of Low Dose Aspirin on 5-year Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Spasm as Assessed by the Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Test
Authors: Ji Young Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Jae Woong Choi, Sung Kee Ryu, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Folate Intake, Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: John A. Baron, Robert S. Sandler, Robert W. Haile, Jack S. Mandel, Leila A. Mott, E. Robert Greenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Recent evidence suggests that folic acid (and derivatives) could contribute to the protective effect of fruits and vegetables against the risk of large-bowel cancer. Other evidence indicates that alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking may impair the biologic actions of folate. We used data from an adenoma prevention trial to investigate the occurrence of colorectal adenomas (possible precursors of colorectal cancer) in association with folate intake, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking.Patients with at least one recent large-bowel adenoma were followed with colonoscopy 1 year and 4 years after their qualifying colon examinations. Adenomas detected after the year 1 examination were used as end points. A food-frequency questionnaire was administered at study entry and at study completion; nutrient intake at study entry was used in this analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided.After adjustment for caloric intake, dietary folate had a significant protective association with the risk of recurrence of large-bowel adenoma (P for trend = .04). However, this inverse association was attenuated by further adjustment for intake of dietary fiber and fat. Use of folate supplements was not associated with a reduction in risk. Alcohol intake (seven or more drinks/week) was associated with increased risk (odds ratio = 2.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.28-3.26). Cigarette smoking, even smoking for long duration, was not related to adenoma recurrence.These data provide only modest support for previous findings suggesting beneficial effects of folate on colorectal adenoma risk. We find no evidence that cigarette smoking increases risk. These findings do suggest a substantial increase in risk with alcohol consumption.
Organization of the Mitochondrial Genome in the Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae
Authors: E. A. Nash, A. C. Barbrook, R. K. Edwards-Stuart, K. Bernhardt, C. J. Howe, R. E. R. Nisbet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

We have characterized the mitochondrial genome of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. It contains just 3 identifiable protein-coding genes: cox1, cox3, and cob. No evidence for rRNA or tRNA genes was found. Expressed sequence tags (EST) sequences for the 3 genes suggest that RNA editing occurs in 2 cases removing an in-frame stop codon. Two of the transcripts (cob and cox1) lack a stop codon at the end of the gene. The genome contains a large amount of noncoding DNA including many fragmented copies of all the 3 genes and large numbers of inverted repeats. The genome, which contains about 70% AT, has undergone extensive recombination, possibly due to the inverted repeats. The highly reduced mitochondrial gene content supports the relationship of the dinoflagellates and apicomplexa as sister groups.
Sympathetic control of synovial blood vessels.
Authors: W C Dick, B Porter, K Whaley, G Nuki, W W Downie, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

An attempt is made to correlate the clinical and endo- crinological sequelae of corticosteroid withdrawal with details of preceding corticosteroid therapy and tests of HPA function.
Circulating neutrophil dysfunction in acute liver failure
Authors: Nicholas J. Taylor, Anirudh Nishtala, Godhev K. Manakkat Vijay, Daniel R. Abeles, Georg Auzinger, William Bernal, Yun Ma, Julia A. Wendon, Debbie L. Shawcross
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Systemic inflammation and susceptibility to developing sepsis is common in acute liver failure (ALF) resulting in tissue damage and organ failure. This study characterized the function of circulating neutrophils in 25 patients with ALF and subacute liver failure (SALF). ALF (n=15)/SALF (n=10) patients were prospectively studied and compared with 11 healthy (HC) and 6 septic controls (SC). Neutrophils were isolated on admission to intensive care and every 3-4 days until death / liver transplantation / recovery. Neutrophil phenotype was determined using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to CD16 and CD11b and assessed by flow cytometry. Neutrophil phagocytic activity (NPA) was determined using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled opsonized Escherichia coli and oxidative burst (OB) was determined by the percentage of neutrophils producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) at rest and after stimulation with opsonized E. coli. Physiological variables, biochemistry, arterial ammonia, microbiology, and outcomes were collected. Plasma pro- and antiinflammatory cytokine profiles were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neutrophil expression of CD16 which recognizes the FcγRIII region of immunoglobulin G was significantly reduced in the ALF cohort (P<0.001) on day 1 compared to HC. NPA was significantly impaired in the SALF cohort compared to HC (P<0.01). Impaired NPA in the ALF and SALF cohorts on admission predicted nonsurvival without liver transplantation (P=0.01). Spontaneous neutrophil production of ROS was not significantly increased in any of the cohorts. E. coli-stimulated OB was preserved in ALF/SALF cohorts but was significantly impaired in the SC group (P<0.05).Circulating neutrophils in ALF/SALF have impaired bacteriocidal function similar to that seen in severe sepsis. Neutrophil function indices are important biomarkers in ALF and may be implicated in the development of organ dysfunction and the increased susceptibility to developing sepsis.
Postmarketing follow-up: physicians have key role
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Each year in the United States, 1.6 billion new and renewal prescriptions for drugs—approximately eight per person—are written, says Gerald A. Faich, MD, director of the FDA's Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Most of these prescriptions are for older, established drugs, but about 20 new chemical entities come into the marketplace annually. "People must understand that everything that goes into the multimillion dollar package of getting a drug through FDA approval cannot be totally complete," Faich emphasizes. "Clinical trials go on for only a couple of years; there are inherent limitations [on time, size, cost, and inclusion of other complicating factors]. Once a drug is on the market, that's where we come in. Our task is postmarketing surveillance, and our division [of the Center for Drugs and Biologics] is probably the one with which physicians are likely to be in contact." "We know that most of what we're going to
Herpes simplex virus load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is related to poor outcome in critically ill patients
Authors: Catharina F. M. Linssen, Jan A. Jacobs, Foekje F. Stelma, Walther N. K. A. van Mook, Peter Terporten, Cornelis Vink, Marjolein Drent, Cathrien A. Bruggeman, Annick Smismans
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Meeting calls for a national body to respond to research misconduct
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Britain needs a national body to respond to research misconduct, concluded a meeting this week organised by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Exactly how the body should be constituted, what it should do, and how it should be started was less clear.

Professor Michael Farthing, the committee's chairman, said that the case of Dr Anjan Banerjee illustrated the deficiencies in the current system (BMJ 2000;321:1429). Dr Banerjee was found guilty of serious professional misconduct some 10 years after he had falsified research published in the journal Gut. His supervisor, Professor Timothy …
Murder most horrid
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Study design</h3> Multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the effectiveness of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as part of the management for people diagnosed with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP). <h3>Summary of background</h3> Although there is no robust evidence to support their use, omega-3 PUFAs have been recommended for those with tendinopathy due to their potential to moderate inflammation. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants with RCRSP (n=73) were randomised to take either nine MaxEPA capsules providing 1.53 g eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.04 g docosahexaenoic acid or nine matching placebo capsules containing oleic acid per day for 8 weeks. In addition, participants attended an exercise/education programme for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed at prerandomisation, 8 weeks (primary outcome point), 3 months, 6 months and 12 months (secondary outcome point). Primary outcome was the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS). Secondary outcomes included the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Patient Specific Functional Score, Euro Qol 5D-3L, Short Form 36, global rating of change and impairment measurements. Analysis was by intention to treat. <h3>Results</h3> Difference in the change in the OSS between the two groups at 2 months was –0.1 (95% CI −2.6 to 2.5, p=0.95). The change in SPADI scores was −8.3 (95% CI −15.6 to −0.94, p=0.03, analysed by analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline) at 3 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> &nbsp;Omega-3 PUFA supplementation may have a modest effect on disability and pain outcomes in RCRSP.
TOOTH LOSS IS HIGHLY PREVALENT AND ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE GLOBAL STABILITY TRIAL
Authors: Ola Vedin, Emil Hagström, Dianne Gallup, Megan Neely, Ralph Stewart, Wolfgang Koenig, Andrzej Budaj, Piyamitr Sritara, Lars Wallentin, Harvey White, Claes Held
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Doctors call for more postmortems after murders at German hospital
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

German forensic pathologists are demanding higher standards in the investigation of unexplained cases of death after a nurse was found to have committed at least 12 murders in a hospital in the small Bavarian town of Sonthofen before anyone suspected.

The 25 year old nurse, named only as Stefan L, has admitted that in the last one and a half years he had killed seven female and five male patients aged between 60 and …
A Controlled Clinical Trial of a Diet High in Unsaturated Fat
Authors: Seymour Dayton, Morton Lee Pearce, Sam Hashimoto, Lillie Joan Fakler, Elva Hiscock, Wilfrid J. Dixon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THERE is a wealth of information demonstrating a significant correlation between the concentration of plasma cholesterol — particularly, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol — and the risk of coronary heart disease. For a number of reasons, it is widely believed that this is a cause- and-effect relation dependent in large measure upon the fact that beta-lipoprotein is atherogenic. The idea has further grown that western man has, typically, an excessive amount of circulating cholesterol and other lipids, owing in major part to his habitual consumption of a diet rich in fat, particularly fat of animal origin. The evidence for these concepts has been . . .
Office surgery in Florida to be reviewed
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The death of a 51 year old man earlier this year while undergoing nine hours of liposuction, a face lift, and penile enlargement in the office of a plastic surgeon has resulted in calls for a review of the regulations which govern office surgery.

The regulations, written by Florida's Agency for Health Care Administration in 1992, define three …