tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of serum immunoreactive trypsin concentration
Authors: W S J Ruddell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The clinical value of estimation of serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin was evaluated by studying 46 healthy controls, 23 controls in hospital, 44 patients with chronic pancreatic disease, and 184 patients with non-pancreatic conditions in which pancreatic disease commonly enters into the differential diagnosis. Serum trypsin concentration had a log normal distribution in the controls, and the calculated normal range was considerably wider than that previously reported. The concentration was abnormal in only 13 out of 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis and was extremely variable in patients with pancreatic cancer. Abnormal results occurred in 11% of the patients with non-pancreatic disease. Eighteen patients had a subnormal trypsin concentration, of whom six did not have pancreatic disease and 12 had either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. There was no correlation between serum trypsin concentration and mean tryptic activity as measured by the Lundh test. Of 11 patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea, only seven had subnormal trypsin concentrations. There results suggest that the serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin has a low specificity and sensitivity for pancreatic disease and does no reflect the degree exocrine insufficiency in patients with proved chronic pancreatitis.
Galectin-3 surface expression on human adult chondrocytes: a potential substrate for collagenase-3
Authors: Mélanie Guevremont, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Christelle Boileau, Ft Liu, Michel Richard, Julio Cesar Fernandes, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Pascal Reboul
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Galectin-3 is a lectin detected in mature and early hypertrophic chondrocytes; osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes can re-express hypertrophic markers. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the synthesis and subcellular localisation of galectin-3 in adult chondrocytes as well as the possibility of cleavage of galectin-3 by collagenase-1 and -3. <b>Methods:</b> Galectin-3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in normal and OA cartilage. Its localisation was investigated by subcellular fractionation, immunocytology, and flow cytometry. Proteolysis of galectin-3 by collagenase-1 and -3 was determined by in vitro assay. <b>Results:</b> Galectin-3 expression was increased 2.4-fold as measured by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR (p&lt;0.05, n = 5) and threefold by immunohistochemistry (p&lt;0.003 n = 6) in OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. In adult chondrocytes, galectin-3 was found in the cytosol and membrane enriched fractions. Both immunocytology and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of galectin-3 at the surface of chondrocytes. A strong correlation was found between integrin-β1 and galectin-3 expression at the surface of chondrocytes. Moreover, collagenase-3 cleaved galectin-3 with a higher activity than collagenase-1. The proteolysed sites generated were identical to those produced by gelatinases A and B. <b>Conclusion:</b> Galectin-3 may play a part in OA, having two roles, one intracellular and not yet identified, and another at the cell surface, possibly related to the interaction of chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix.
An Autopsy Study of Cerebrovascular Accident in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: MORRIS ALEX, ESTHER K. BARON, SIDNEY GOLDENBERG, H. T. BLUMENTHAL
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A two-part study has been presented dealing with a comparison of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) as between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In the first part it has been shown that the frequency of CVA is increased in diabetes. While cerebral hemorrhage occurs slightly more commonly in the nondiabetic group, cerebral infarction and focal encephalomalacia occur about 1.5 times more frequently in the diabetic group. In the second part a comparison has been made of the frequency of hemodynamic, inflammatory, atheromatous, thrombotic, and proliferative vascular disease between 75 cases of diabetes and 77 nondiabetic subjects. It has been shown that hemodynamic disease of small intraparenchymal cerebral vessels occurs more frequently in the diabetic group, but the increase is of essentially the same order of magnitude as the increase in the frequency of hypertension in diabetes. No significant difference between the two groups was found as regards the frequency of inflammatory, atheromatous, or thrombotic vascular disease. Proliferative lesions of small intraparenchymal cerebral vessels were present about 2.5 times more often in diabetes. The possible role of such lesions in accounting for the increase in the frequency of focal areas of encephalomalacia and in enhancing infarct formation when there is impairment of circulation in the larger cerebral arteries has been pointed out. A hypothesis, with some suggestive supporting evidence indicating that these proliferative lesions may be immunogenic in origin, has been discussed.
A Comprehensive Analysis of p16 Expression, Gene Status, and Promoter Hypermethylation In Surgically Resected Non-small Cell Lung Carcinomas
Authors: William Sterlacci, Alexandar Tzankov, Lothar Veits, Bettina Zelger, Michel P. Bihl, Anja Foerster, Florian Augustin, Michael Fiegl, Spasenija Savic
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Seventy Cases of Dupuytren's Contraction of the Palmar Fascia
Authors: N. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1885)

bably be less thani that wvhich accomlpanies a large irreducible scrotal hernia.The extra-opening into the abdominal cavity is not attended by much more danger, if the opcration be performed witlh strict antiseptic precautiois ; and the risks attendant upon it are, I think, not greater than those wliich accompany the leaving of the bowel unreduced in the sac, or the attem t to forcibly reduce it by dividing or tearing through old adhesions, when exceptionally dense and firm.
233 EFFECT OF ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT, RETREATMENT, AND STAGE OF FIBROSIS ON PROGRESSION OF LIVER FIBROSIS, AND OUTCOME AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: B. Roche, M. Sebagh, A.M. Acanfora, T. Antonini, A.M. Roque-Afonso, F. Saliba, J.C. Duclos-Vallee, V. Delvart, D. Castaing, D. Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Multifocal angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: J. Leong, M. Rascon, N. Kaushik
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 60-year-old African-American woman presented with a history of several weeks of increasing shortness of breath and weakness. On examination, she was hemodynamically stable with heme-positive brown stool. Initial laboratory studies revealed a hemoglobin concentration of 4 g/dL. Upper endoscopy showed active oozing from a 2-cm ulcerated mass on the gastric incisura angularis ([Fig. 1]) and a 1-cm polypoid lesion in the second portion of the duodenum just proximal to the major papilla ([Fig. 2]). Biopsies demonstrated markedly atypical endothelial proliferation suggestive of a high-grade angiosarcoma versus exuberant granulation tissue adjacent to the ulcer ([Fig. 3]). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD31 ([Fig. 4]), vimentin, and pancytokeratin, consistent with epithelioid angiosarcoma (EAS). A positron emission tomography scan showed hypermetabolic foci in the stomach and in the region of the duodenum that were highly suggestive of malignancy; no other areas were identified. Due to continued gastrointestinal bleeding and the above findings, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with distal gastrectomy, partial duodenectomy, and gastrojejunostomy. The final surgical pathological study confirmed the diagnosis of EAS.
Treatment of solar keratoses of the extremities with retinoic acid and 5-fluorouracil
Authors: TERRANCE A. ROBINSON, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Treatment of solar keratoses of the extremities with retinoic acid and 5‐fluorouracil Get access TERRANCE A. ROBINSON, TERRANCE A. ROBINSON Department of Dermatology (Code 10), Philadelphia Naval Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, University School of Medicine, Duhring Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ALBERT M. KLIGMAN ALBERT M. KLIGMAN Department of Dermatology (Code 10), Philadelphia Naval Hospital, and Department of Dermatology, University School of Medicine, Duhring Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania *Reprint requests to: Dr A.M. Kligman. Duhring Laboratories, 3600 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19104. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 6, 1 June 1975, Pages 703–706, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03153.x Published: 01 June 1975 Article history Accepted: 14 October 1974 Published: 01 June 1975
Safety of atrial defibrillation: The importance of pre-shock R-R intervals and the risk of premature ventricular contractions
Authors: Huagi Li, John Hare, Kashef Mughal, David Krum, Edward T. Keetan, Michael Biehl, Sanjay Deshpande, Mohammad Jazayeri, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Shortening waiting lists in orthopaedic surgery outpatient clinics.
Authors: R R West, B McKibbin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

There is a long waiting list for orthopaedic outpatient appointments in South Glamorgan Area Health Authority as elsewhere. A detailed study of that waiting list was undertaken to identify factors that might lead to its better management and reduction. One-third of patients on the list failed to attend when appointments were offered. A postal-questionnaire to all those listed as waiting confirmed that many no longer sought specialist orthopaedic consultation. Another third of the patients reported that they had been treated previously for the same orthopaedic problem. It is concluded that improved management of long outpatient waiting lists could be achieved by correspondence with referring general practitioners to weed out those patients who no longer wish to attend, to reduce the burden of reviews and re-referrals of patients with "chronic" conditions, and to request priorities fairly so that earlier appointments may be offered to truly "new" patients with treatable or with potentially serious conditions.
Age-related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: comparison with EBV-positive classic Hodgkin lymphoma in elderly patients
Authors: Naoko Asano, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Jun-Ichi Tamaru, Takashi Oyama, Fumihiro Ishida, Koichi Ohshima, Tadashi Yoshino, Naoya Nakamura, Shigeo Mori, Osamu Yoshie, Yoshie Shimoyama, Yasuo Morishima, Tomohiro Kinoshita, Shigeo Nakamura
Journal: Blood (2008)
Gemcitabine Transport in Xenopus Oocytes Expressing Recombinant Plasma Membrane Mammalian Nucleoside Transporters
Authors: J. R. Mackey, S. Y. M. Yao, K. M. Smith, E. Karpinski, S. A. Baldwin, C. E. Cass, J. D. Young
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analogue of deoxycytidine, is an anticancer nucleoside drug that requires functional plasma membrane nucleoside transporter proteins to reach its intracellular targets and cause cytotoxicity. Because of technical difficulties inherent in studying nucleoside transport in human cells, we rigorously defined gemcitabine membrane transportability by producing each of the available human (h) and rat (r) recombinant nucleoside transporters (NTs) individually in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Oocytes were microinjected with in vitro-transcribed RNAs derived from complementary DNAs encoding (C = concentrative) rCNT1, rCNT2, hCNT1, hCNT2, (E = equilibrative) rENT1, rENT2, hENT1, and hENT2. Uptake of [(3)H]gemcitabine and [(14)C] uridine was measured 3 days after microinjection to determine kinetic constants. We also used the two-electrode, voltage-clamp technique to investigate the electrophysiology of hCNT1-mediated gemcitabine transport.Gemcitabine was transported by most of the tested proteins (the exceptions being the purine-selective rCNT2 and hCNT2), with the greatest uptake occurring in oocytes producing recombinant rCNT1 and hCNT1. Influxes of gemcitabine mediated by hCNT1, hENT1, and hENT2 were saturable and conformed to Michaelis-Menten kinetics with apparent K(m) values of 24, 160, and 740 microM, respectively. Gemcitabine had a limited ability to cross the lipid bilayer of oocyte membranes by simple diffusion. External application of gemcitabine to oocytes producing recombinant hCNT1 induced an inward current, which demonstrated that hCNT1 functions as a Na(+)/nucleoside co-transport protein and confirmed the transporter's ability to transport gemcitabine.Mammalian nucleoside transporters vary widely in their affinity and capacity to transport gemcitabine. Variation in the tumor and tissue distribution of plasma membrane nucleoside transporter proteins may contribute to the solid tumor activities and schedule-dependent toxic effects of gemcitabine.
The Gap-Junctional Protein Connexin40 Is Elevated in Patients Susceptible to Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Emmanuel Dupont, Yu-Shien Ko, Stephen Rothery, Steven R. Coppen, Max Baghai, Marcus Haw, Nicholas J. Severs
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF), a cardiac arrhythmia arising from atrial re-entrant circuits, is a common complication after cardiac surgery, but the proarrhythmic substrate underlying the development of postoperative AF remains unclear. This study investigated the hypothesis that altered expression of connexins, the component proteins of gap junctions, is a determinant of a predisposition to AF. Methods and Results —The expression of the 3 atrial connexins–connexins 43, 40, and 45—was analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels by Northern and Western blotting techniques and immunoconfocal microscopy in right atrial appendages from patients with ischemic heart disease who were undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Twenty percent of the patients subsequently developed AF, which allowed retrospective division of the samples into 2 groups, non-AF and AF. Connexin43 and connexin45 transcript and protein levels did not differ between the groups. However, connexin40 transcript and protein were expressed at significantly higher levels in the AF group. Connexin40 protein was markedly heterogeneous in distribution. Conclusions —Atrial myocardium susceptible to AF is distinguished from its nonsusceptible counterpart by elevated connexin40 expression. The heterogeneity of connexin distribution could give rise to different resistive properties and conduction velocities in spatially adjacent regions of tissue, which become enhanced and, hence, proarrhythmic the higher the overall level of connexin40.
THE EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME
Authors: G. B. DOWLING, F.R.C.P LOND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article THE EHLERS‐DANLOS SYNDROME Get access G. B. DOWLING, M.D., G. B. DOWLING, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.R.C.P LOND F.R.C.P LOND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 11, 1 November 1936, Pages 609–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10006.x Published: 01 November 1936
Heterogeneity of Effects in the Appearance of Rhinitis and/or Asthma According to Gender and Atopy
Authors: M.A. Tejedor, A. Rosado, C. Vila, M. Moro, M.D. Alonso, M. Mugica, M. Fernández-Rivas, T. Verdura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Zebrafish Seizure Model Identifies <i>p</i> , <i>p′</i> -DDE as the Dominant Contaminant of Fetal California Sea Lions That Accounts for Synergistic Activity with Domoic Acid
Authors: Jessica A. Tiedeken, John S. Ramsdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Fetal poisoning of California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus) has been associated with exposure to the algal toxin domoic acid. These same sea lions accumulate a mixture of persistent environmental contaminants including pesticides and industrial products such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Developmental exposure to the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its stable metabolite 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (p,p -DDE) has been shown to enhance domoic acid-induced seizures in zebrafish; however, the contribution of other co-occurring contaminants is unknown.We formulated a mixture of contaminants to include PCBs, PBDEs, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and chlordane at levels matching those reported for fetal CSL blubber to determine the impact of co-occurring persistent contaminants with p,p -DDE on chemically induced seizures in zebrafish as a model for the CSLs.Embryos were exposed (6-30 hr postfertilization) to p,p -DDE in the presence or absence of a defined contaminant mixture prior to neurodevelopment via either bath exposure or embryo yolk sac microinjection. After brain maturation (7 days postfertilization), fish were exposed to a chemical convulsant, either pentylenetetrazole or domoic acid; resulting seizure behavior was then monitored and analyzed for changes, using cameras and behavioral tracking software.Induced seizure behavior did not differ significantly between subjects with embryonic exposure to a contaminant mixture and those exposed to p,p -DDE only.These studies demonstrate that p,p -DDE--in the absence of PCBs, HCH, chlordane, and PBDEs that co-occur in fetal sea lions--accounts for the synergistic activity that leads to greater sensitivity to domoic acid seizures.
Tributes to Thomas Chalmers
Authors: Joseph Lau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 April 1996Tributes to Thomas ChalmersJoseph Lau, MDJoseph Lau, MDNew England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The achievements of the late Thomas Clark Chalmers, MD, a clinician- scientist- teacher- administrator- entrepreneur, would easily consume several pages of this journal and would hardly begin to capture the richness and the profound influence of this remarkable man on the practice of modern clinical medicine. Tom Chalmers started his medical career in the mid-1940s as a clinician. He soon realized that too many mistakes were being made because conventional wisdom was often wrong and the facts to support it simply were not there. He then embarked on his legendary career in clinical research and along the ...References1. Friedman J, Chalmers TC, Smith H Jr, Kuebler RR. The importance of β, type II error and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized control trial. N Engl J Med. 1978; 299:690-4. Google Scholar2. Chalmers TC, Matta RJ, Smith H Jr, Kunzler AM. Evidence favoring the use of anticoagulants in the hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1977; 297:1091-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joseph Lau, MDAffiliations: New England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBias against Vitamin C in Mainstream Medicine: Examples from Trials of Vitamin C for InfectionsThomas C Chalmers (1917–1995): a pioneer of randomised clinical trials and systematic reviews 1 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 7Page: 696KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionAnticoagulantsCancer treatmentCareers in researchClinical trialsProstate cancerProstate diseasesWine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
X-linked Pyridoxine-Responsive Sideroblastic Anemia Due to a Thr<sup>388</sup>-to-Ser Substitution in Erythroid 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase
Authors: Timothy C. Cox, Sylvia S. Bottomley, James S. Wiley, Michael J. Bawden, Chris S. Matthews, Brian K. May
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

X-linked sideroblastic anemia is usually associated with reduced 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity in erythroid cells, and some cases are responsive to treatment with pyridoxine, the precursor to the cofactor of the enzyme. The recently identified gene for an erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase isoenzyme and its localization to the X chromosome make it likely that one or more defects in this gene underlie the anemia.
Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab, a fully human monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase 1-2 study
Authors: Bertrand Coiffier, Stéphane Lepretre, Lars Møller Pedersen, Ole Gadeberg, Henrik Fredriksen, Marinus H. J. van Oers, James Wooldridge, Janusz Kloczko, Jerzy Holowiecki, Andrzej Hellmann, Jan Walewski, Mimi Flensburg, Jørgen Petersen, Tadeusz Robak
Journal: Blood (2007)
The Mast Cell — A Fascinating Riddle
Authors: Michael A. Kaliner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The mast cell is a connective-tissue cell widely distributed throughout the body and is found in surprisingly large numbers in certain organs. The biologic function of this curious cell, first described by Ehrlich in 18771 as a well fed* connective-tissue cell, has begun to be understood in the past 10 to 15 years.Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma and urticaria are the most common immunologic diseases, affecting more than 20 per cent of the American population. After exploring the basic mechanisms underlying these diseases for more than 75 years, it is now clear that interactions between allergens and IgE adherent to . . .
15 Tolerogenic antigen presentation in the liver: antigen presenting hepatocytes re-differentiate dentritic cell-primed pro-inflammatory TH1 CD4 T cells to anti-inflammatory TH2 cells
Authors: C WIEGARD, J HERKEL, P GALLE, E SCHMITT, A LOHSE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

During virus infection, exogenous IL-4 strongly downregulates expression of antiviral cytokines and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this study, we have employed a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic system to more closely investigate the effect of IL-4 on CTL activity. This system involves mice transgenic for an H2-Kb restricted TCR recognising an ovalbumin (OVA)-specific peptide (OT-I mice), and recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the gene for OVA (VV-OVA), or OVA together with IL-4 (VV-OVA-IL-4). Spleen cells from OT-I mice were adoptively transferred to irradiated C57BL/6 mice infected with VV-OVA or VV-OVA-IL-4. Five days following transfer, markedly stronger CTL activity was detected in VV-OVA- than in VV-OVA-IL-4-infected recipients. The reduction in CTL activity was associated with a reduction in the number of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. Proliferation of cells from VV-OVA-IL-4-infected recipients was dramatically reduced, and this is a likely explanation for the IL-4-mediated reduction in the total number of OVA-specific cells and the reduced cytotoxic activity. On a per cell basis, the production of IFNγ and cytotoxic activity of OVA-specific CD8+ cells was not influenced by IL-4. Taken together, our results indicate that the reduction in CTL activity by exogenous IL-4 is due to a reduced number of antigen-specific effectors, and does not involve a downregulation of effector function of these cells.
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-mediated angiogenesis in a fibrin-collagen matrix
Authors: Annemie Collen, Roeland Hanemaaijer, Florea Lupu, Paul H. A. Quax, Natascha van Lent, Jos Grimbergen, Erna Peters, Pieter Koolwijk, Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
Journal: Blood (2003)