tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Evaluation of Patients with Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia
Authors: Andrew F. Stewart, Ronald Horst, Leonard J. Deftos, Edwin C. Cadman, Robert Lang, Arthur E. Broadus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In 50 consecutive patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia, we measured nephrogenous cyclic AMP, tubular phosphorus threshold, fasting calcium excretion, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone as determined by four region-specific anitserums. Nephrogenous cyclic AMP excretion was elevated in 41 patients and suppressed in nine (means, 5.85 vs. 0.51 nmol per 100 ml of glomerular filtrate). There was no overlap between these groups. When compared with 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the group with increased cyclic AMP excretion had similar reductions in tubular phosphorus threshold; higher fasting calcium excretion (means, 0.66 vs. 0.25 mg per 100 ml of glomerular filtrate, P<0.01); marked reductions in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (means, 20 vs. 83 pg per milliliter, P<0.001); and lower levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in all four assays. The data suggest that elevated excretion of nephrogenous cyclic AMP may be a useful marker of humorally mediated cancer-associated hypercalcemia, that this type of hypercalcemia is common, that the humoral factor responsible for this syndrome is not native 1–84 parathyroid hormone, and that the various subtypes of cancer-associated hypercalcemia are biochemically distinguishable from primary hyperparathyroidism. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:1377–83.)
Impairment of tubuloglomerular feedback regulation of GFR in ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73–deficient mice
Authors: Hayo Castrop, Yuning Huang, Seiji Hashimoto, Diane Mizel, Pernille Hansen, Franziska Theilig, Sebastian Bachmann, Chuxia Deng, Josie Briggs, Jurgen Schnermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Adenosine coordinates organ metabolism and blood supply, and it modulates immune responses. In the kidney it mediates the vascular response elicited by changes in NaCl concentration in the macula densa region of the nephron, thereby serving as an important regulator of GFR. To determine whether adenosine formation depends on extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis, we studied NaCl-dependent GFR regulation (tubuloglomerular feedback) in mice with targeted deletion of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 (e-5'NT/CD73), the enzyme responsible for adenosine formation from AMP. e-5'NT/CD73(-/-) mice were viable and showed no gross anatomical abnormalities. Blood pressure, blood and urine chemistry, and renal blood flow were not different between e-5'NT/CD73(+/+) and e-5'NT/CD73(-/-) mice. e-5'NT/CD73(-/-) mice had a significantly reduced fall in stop flow pressure and superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate in response to a saturating increase of tubular perfusion flow. Furthermore, whereas tubuloglomerular feedback responses did not change significantly during prolonged loop of Henle perfusion in e-5'NT/CD73(+/+) mice, a complete disappearance of the residual feedback response was noted in e-5'NT/CD73(-/-) mice over 10 minutes of perfusion. The contractile response of isolated afferent arterioles to adenosine was normal in e-5'NT/CD73(-/-) mice. We conclude that the generation of adenosine at the glomerular pole depends to a major extent on e-5'NT/CD73-mediated dephosphorylation of 5'-AMP, presumably generated from released ATP.
The effect of the degree of sulfation of glycosaminoglycans on osteoclast function and signaling pathways
Authors: Juliane Salbach, Stefanie Kliemt, Martina Rauner, Tilman D. Rachner, Claudia Goettsch, Stefan Kalkhof, Martin von Bergen, Stephanie Möller, Matthias Schnabelrauch, Vera Hintze, Dieter Scharnweber, Lorenz C. Hofbauer
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Early Detection of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: William L. Heyward
Journal: JAMA (1985)

High rates of hepatitis B virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma are present among Alaskan Natives. To determine if primary hepatocellular carcinoma could be detected at an early surgically resectable stage, serological screening for elevated α-fetoprotein levels was done semiannually among Alaskan Natives infected with hepatitis B virus. During a 26-month screening period, 3,387 α-fetoprotein tests were performed on 1,394 persons. Of 126 persons with elevated levels of α-fetoprotein (&gt;25 ng/mL), nine males were found to have primary hepatocellular carcinoma (all with α-fetoprotein levels &gt;350 ng/mL). Six of these nine persons were asymptomatic for primary hepatocellular carcinoma and four had small tumors (&lt;6 cm) that were surgically resected. After surgery, the α-fetoprotein levels in all four patients fell to normal and have remained normal after a follow-up of four to 20 months (median, ten months). α-Fetoprotein screening proved to be an effective approach in this population in detecting primary hepatocellular carcinoma at a potentially curable stage and should be considered in other individuals or populations infected with hepatitis B virus. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3052-3054)
Lower Oesophageal Web Successfully Treated by Endoscopy
Authors: R. Teschke, W. Berges, F. Borchard, H. Gottesbüren, B. Miller, G. Strohmeyer, M. Wienbeck
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

A 51-year-old male suffering from dysphagia due to a typical lower oesophageal web is described. The diagnosis was suspected upon X-ray examination which revealed an asymmetrical stenosis of the oesophageal lumen 4 cm above the cardia. Endoscopy demonstrated a semilunar. pliable, opaque and partially translucent membrane which narrowed the oesophageal lumen. It was easily torn and removed by a biopsy forceps. Histological examination of the tissue revealed squamous epithelium of the oesophagus on both sides of the membrane with normal submucosa, thus confirming the diagnosis of a lower oesophageal web.
A piece of my mind. Which hat do I wear?
Authors: T. J. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More children showing early signs of serious diabetes complications, audit finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Over a thousand more children in England and Wales had diabetes in 2013-14 than the previous year, an audit has found, with potentially serious complications at a level described as “worryingly high.”

The audit also found that, although care for children with diabetes was improving, there was considerable variation across regions and between units.

The National Paediatric Diabetes Audit reported that 26 867 children and young people (aged 0-25 years) with diabetes were registered with a paediatric diabetes unit in 2013-14, up from 25 221 in 2012-13.1 Most (95%) had type 1 diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes varied across England and Wales and was associated with deprivation. The highest prevalence of type 1 diabetes was in Wales (220 …
The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS: A Review
Authors: Mark Lee Appler
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  I was disturbed by a comment made by Dr Anderson in her review of Michael Fumento's The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS . 1 With regard to one's risk of acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Dr Anderson states that heterosexual  persons in middle America do not ordinarily frequent the breeding ground for HIV [human immunodeficiency virus]. Unfortunately, class may eventually be more important than sexual preference or skin color.  Why is it unfortunate that class be more important than sexual preference or skin color? Are we to presume from this statement that we are more fortunate when lethal diseases are confined to a certain skin color, or those of a certain sexual preference? There seems to be some significant underlying racism and intolerance to imply that we would all be better off as long as certain diseases do not cross into white persons in middle America.  To paraphrase Martin
Cluster analysis and gene expression profiles: A cDNA microarray system-based comparison between human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for tissue engineering cell therapy
Authors: Yoichi Yamada, Atsushi Fujimoto, Akira Ito, Ryoko Yoshimi, Minoru Ueda
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Pentamidine Prophylaxis of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia
Authors: Ursula Kronawitter, Johannes R. Bogner, Frank D. Goebel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 September 1991Pentamidine Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii PneumoniaUrsula Kronawitter, MD, Johannes R. Bogner, MD, Frank D. Goebel, MDUrsula Kronawitter, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Johannes R. Bogner, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Frank D. Goebel, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-6-497_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Aerosolized pentamidine became available about 2 years ago, but the optimal dosage for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has not yet been determined. We assessed the effects of a 300-mg dose of pentamidine inhaled every 2 weeks, adding 1 mL of salbutamol to the pentamidine to prevent bronchoconstriction.Our study included 128 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or a CD4 cell count of less than 250/µL. Within 8 weeks, 19 patients were withdrawn from study because of noncompliance and 2 patients died. Autopsy revealedP. cariniipneumonia in one patient....References1. LeoungFeigalMontgomeryCorkeryWardlawAdams GDAKLM. Aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The San Francisco community prophylaxis trial. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:769-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HirschelLazzarinChopardOpravilFurrerRuttimann BAPMHS. A controlled study of inhaled pentamidine for primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1079-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ursula Kronawitter, MD; Johannes R. Bogner, MD; Frank D. Goebel, MDAffiliations: Medizinische Poliklinik 8000 München 2 Germany PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1991Volume 115, Issue 6Page: 497-498KeywordsAIDSAutopsyHIVPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumoniaProphylaxis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 September 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment and Care of the Fetus: Physiological, Clinical, and Medicolegal Principles
Authors: Jay D. Iams
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Is there a need for another obstetric text? Haven't we just seen the publication of the widely acclaimed 18th edition of<i>Williams Obstetrics</i>? And could any challenger to the long reign of<i>Williams</i>do any better than Gabbe, Niebyl, and Simpson have done with<i>Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies</i>? Hasn't the definitive textbook of maternal-fetal medicine (as opposed to obstetrics, if that is possible) been recently published, in its second edition no less, by Creasy and Resnick? Why try to enter a field already filled with excellence? Eden and Boehm have produced a solid and useful text, but these questions remain unanswered after reading it. The stated goal in the preface is a text that emphasizes fetal rather than maternal care and that emphasizes medicolegal considerations in clinical decision making. Toward the first of these ends, there are few direct references to maternal illnesses. For example, there are no specific
Met-regulated expression signature defines a subset of human hepatocellular carcinomas with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotype
Authors: P. Kaposi-Novak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Identification of specific gene expression signatures characteristic of oncogenic pathways is an important step toward molecular classification of human malignancies. Aberrant activation of the Met signaling pathway is frequently associated with tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, we defined the Met-dependent gene expression signature using global gene expression profiling of WT and Met-deficient primary mouse hepatocytes. Newly identified transcriptional targets of the Met pathway included genes involved in the regulation of oxidative stress responses as well as cell motility, cytoskeletal organization, and angiogenesis. To assess the importance of a Met-regulated gene expression signature, a comparative functional genomic approach was applied to 242 human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 7 metastatic liver lesions. Cluster analysis revealed that a subset of human HCCs and all liver metastases shared the Met-induced expression signature. Furthermore, the presence of the Met signature showed significant correlation with increased vascular invasion rate and microvessel density as well as with decreased mean survival time of HCC patients. We conclude that the genetically defined gene expression signatures in combination with comparative functional genomics constitute an attractive paradigm for defining both the function of oncogenic pathways and the clinically relevant subgroups of human cancers.
Doncaster Union Medical Officers
Authors: J. Burman
Journal: BMJ (1844)

UNION MEDICAL OFFICERS.-BENEVOLENTFUND.combine into a compact whole a new physiology with the results of pathological anatomy, and thereby more clearly indicate the principles which ought to guide uis in the practice of medicine.By a niew physiology, I mean a physiology that can maintain the dignity of a science independent of the chemical props wlhich appear to be necessary to sustain the presclnt tottering fabric.
Pulmonary edema during volume infusion.
Authors: L Stein, J J Beraud, M Morissette, P D Luz, M H Weil, H Shubin
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The relationship between left ventricular filling pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure to pulmonary edema was examined in a group of 37 patients, the majority of whom were hypovolemic. Sixteen patients developed pulmonary edema during fluid infusion. In the 21 patients who did not develop pulmonary edema, the left ventricular filling pressure was slightly elevated but the colloid osmotic pressure was not reduced. The majority of these patients were treated with colloid solutions (group I). In five of the 16 patients who developed pulmonary edema, the left ventricular filling pressure was elevated and there was no reduction in the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. These patients received only colloids (group II). In the other 11 patients who developed pulmonary edema, the left ventricular filling pressure was normal but the plasma colloid osmotic pressure was reduced to 16 +/- 2 torr (group III). The colloid osmotic pressure in this group was significantly less than in the other two groups (P less than 0.01). Most of these patients received large volumes of crystalloid solutions. After administration of furosemide, clearing of pulmonary edema in this group was associated with normalization of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Infusion of large volumes of crystalloids in hypovolemic patients can be hazardous, for reduction of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure may predispose to the development of pulmonary edema even when the left ventricular filling pressure remains normal.
755-2 Current Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Outcome of Thrombolytic Ineligible Patients: Results of the Multicenter TIMI 9 Registry
Authors: Christopher P. Cannon, Timothy D. Henry, Marc J. Schweiger, J. Mark Haugland, George R. McKendall, Prediman K. Shah, Ray Gleason, Carolyn H. McCabe, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Grapefruit Compound Battles Hepatitis C
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

and middle-income countries, and the moneygeneratedfromtaxescouldbeused toimplementandenforcetobaccocontrol efforts.Butgovernmentsaroundtheworld currently collect 500 times more money intobaccotaxeseachyearthantheyspend on antitobacco efforts. The WHO report outlines a strategy to reduce tobacco use across the globe, a program called MPOWER (http://www .who.int/tobacco/mpower/facts_findings /en/index.html). “While efforts to combat tobacco are gaining momentum, virtually every country needs to do more. These six strategies are within the reach of every country, rich or poor and, when combined as a package, they offer us the best chance of reversing this growing epidemic,” said Margaret Chan, MD, the WHO’s director-general, in a statement at the time of the report’s release. The6strategiesofMPOWERaremonitoring tobacco use and prevention policies; protecting people from tobacco smoke;offeringhelp toquit tobaccouse; warningaboutthedangersoftobacco;enforcingbansontobaccoadvertising,promotion,andsponsorship;andraisingtaxes on tobacco. “This package will create an enablingenvironment tohelpcurrent tobacco users quit, protect people from second-handsmoke, andpreventyoung people from taking up the habit,” said DouglasBettcher,MPH,MD,PhD,directorof theWHO’sTobaccoFreeInitiative. AccordingtoMcKay,widedissemination of the report is needed so that it gets intothehandsofpolicymakersandpolicy influencers in as many countries as possible.Advocatesoftobaccocontrolefforts are urging unanimous ratification of the FrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl, a tobacco control treaty adopted by member countries of the WHO (http: //www.who.int/tobacco/framework /en/). In addition, “governments should act now, especially on taxation,” said McKay. “Of all the recommended policies in the MPOWER package, taxation is the most effective.” WHO is scaling up its ability to help nations put the MPOWER strategies in place. Through the Bloomberg Initiative—a $125 million global tobacco control effort by New York City’s Mayor Michael Bloomberg—the WHO, the Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the World Lung Foundation are working together to coordinate tobacco control activities and provide grants to countrylevel organizations to combat the tobacco epidemic.
Referrals between consultants: Public should rise to the defence
Authors: David M Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions Case reports were dismissed too quicklyEditor-The main difference between the replications by Loke et al of Venning's studies from the 1980s and the original is the evidence that is accepted as further follow-up. 1 Loke et al mention that 56 of 63 case reports on adverse reactions were cited at least once but accept only nine instances as valid follow-up: attempts at proof of mechanisms or controlled studies.However, unexpected adverse effects are by definition due to an unknown mechanism, and many established adverse effects still escape elucidation after years.Moreover, further accumulation of anecdotal reports can be sufficient evidence.A 10 year tally of 22 drugs that were withdrawn from the market showed that 18 were prompted by case reports and only four by a controlled study; for at least 13 the case reports proved sufficient reason for withdrawal. 2 A highly unusual event that is repeatedly reported in a recently marketed drug, in the absence of publicity, points to an exceedingly high relative risk, a good argument for cause and effect. 3 Moreover, these risks will be picked up spontaneously. 4 5 Apart from the nine instances of follow-up that were accepted by Loke et al, 15 datasheets were amended and seven BNP drug monographs changed.So, even with some overlap, close to half of the case reports were somehow sufficiently noteworthy to have had consequences.Given the small sample size, this is not far from Venning's original.It is a pity that Loke et al do not make all follow-up more explicit for all 56 instances that followed the 63 reports.Their overall conclusion that lack of follow-up means that case reports are of limited value is a non-sequitur.It shows that a more consistent scheme of hypothesistesting studies by industry, government, or third parties is needed instead of the current haphazard approach to drug safety.Such publications may alert and help clinicians in recognising potential adverse events in their patients.Often there is no other way of discovering something unusual.The record of systematic-that is, controlledpostmarketing surveillance in detecting unexpected adverse effects remains surprisingly poor.
Theophylline-Induced Hypercalcemia
Authors: MILTON L. McPHERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Sixty patients with theophylline toxicity were hospitalized during a 2-year period. Eleven patients had hypercalcemia; their calcium levels returned to normal as theophylline levels fell to therapeutic or subtherapeutic levels. Serum calcium levels also fell significantly in three additional patients with theophylline toxicity, although the initial serum calcium concentration was not outside normal limits. A significant increase in serum calcium levels associated with therapeutic levels of theophylline in normal volunteers was reversed by propranolol. It appears that theophylline causes elevation of serum calcium by a system subject to beta-adrenergic regulation.