tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in the Blood as Markers for Ethanol Intake
Authors: Kay M. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine the clinical utility of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in the blood as a short-term confirmatory marker for ethanol intake and a longer-term marker for ethanol intake after ethanol is no longer detectable.Single-center controlled clinical trial and a blinded comparison involving 48 blood samples that were positive, negative, or equivocal for blood ethanol.Seven healthy subjects (4 men and 3 women, aged 21 to 23 years) participated in the clinical trial. Blood samples from participants for the blinded comparison portion of the study were numbered from 1 to 48 and not identified by name.The 7 healthy subjects ingested a known amount of ethanol at a fixed rate. The concentration of FAEEs in the blood after ethanol intake was determined for a period of up to 24 hours. There was no intervention in the blinded comparison study.In the clinical trial, a pharmacokinetic analysis of FAEE concentration in the blood after ethanol intake was completed for 7 individuals whose blood ethanol level was elevated from 25 to 35 mmol/L. In the blinded comparison, the 48 blood samples that were positive, negative, or equivocal for blood ethanol were analyzed for FAEE concentration.In the clinical trial, the disappearance of FAEEs from the blood followed a decay curve that initially resembled the decay curve for blood ethanol. However, because of a very slow secondary elimination phase, the FAEEs were found to persist in the blood for at least 24 hours after ethanol intake was completed. In the blinded comparison, all 20 samples that were positive for ethanol were positive for FAEEs, 7 of 7 samples equivocal for ethanol were positive for FAEEs, and 21 of 21 negative samples for ethanol were negative for FAEEs.Serum concentration of FAEEs can serve as an excellent short-term confirmatory test for ethanol intake as well as a longer-term marker of ethanol ingestion. Measurement of FAEEs in the blood may be a more sensitive indicator of ethanol ingestion than the measurement of blood ethanol .
Interleukin-2 After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission
Authors: Anthony S. Stein, Margaret R. O’Donnell, Marilyn L. Slovak, David S. Snyder, Auayporn P. Nademanee, Pablo Parker, Arturo Molina, George Somlo, Henry C. Fung, Amrita Krishnan, Roberto Rodriguez, Ricardo T. Spielberger, Shirong Wang, Andrew Dagis, Nayana Vora, Daniel A. Arber, Joyce C. Niland, Stephen J. Forman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To determine the disease-free survival (DFS) and toxicity of administering interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy early after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) to simulate a graft versus leukemia effect observed in allogeneic transplantation. Patients and Methods: Fifty-six patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission received a single consolidation of high-dose cytarabine-idarubicin at a median of 1.1 month postremission with the intent to proceed to ASCT and IL-2 9 × 10 6 U/m 2 /24 h for 4 days, followed by 10 days of IL-2 1.6 × 10 6 U/m 2 /24 h on hematologic recovery. Results: Eighty-four percent of patients received the intended ASCT, and 68% of patients received IL-2 treatment. With a median follow-up of 39.4 months (range, 1.2 to 76.3 months), the 2-year cumulative probability of DFS for all 56 patients is 68% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55% to 80%) and 74% (95% CI, 57% to 85%) for the 39 patients undergoing IL-2 treatment after ASCT. The 2-year cumulative probability of DFS for favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable cytogenetics is 88% (95% CI, 59% to 97%), 48% (95% CI, 26% to 67%), and 70% (95% CI, 23% to 93%), respectively. Toxicities from IL-2 were mainly thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, fever, and fluid retention. Two septic deaths occurred during neutropenia, which includes one during consolidation and one during transplant, for an overall 4% mortality rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that a moderate dose of IL-2 after high-dose cytarabine-idarubicin–mobilized ASCT is associated with a low regimen-related toxicity and may improve DFS. A phase III study of IL-2 is now warranted.
Science in schools: decline and fall?
Authors: I C McManus
Journal: BMJ (1994)

as such.Rather it is a more general failure to appreciate the basic principles underlying scientific research, coupled with the "publish or perish" climate.As the system encourages poor research it is the system that should be changed.We need less research, better research, and research done for the right reasons.Abandoning using the number of publications as a measure of ability would be a start.
Over the top: Are there exceptions to the basic capacity limit?
Authors: John Wilding
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Can we identify individuals with a larger basic capacity than Cowan's proposed limit? Thompson et al. (1993) claimed that Rajan Mahadevan had a basic memory span of 13–15 items. Some of their supporting evidence is reconsidered and additional data are presented from study of another memory expert. More detailed analysis of performance in such cases may yield different conclusions.
METABOLIC STUDIES IN PARALYTIC ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS. I. ALTERATIONS IN NITROGEN AND CREATINE METABOLISM 1
Authors: G. Donald Whedon, Ephraim Shorr, Vincent Toscani, Estelle Stevens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

PLANEleven patients were studied, all with marked and wide-spread muscle weakness and paralysis.Nine were studied on the Metabolism Ward of the Russell Sage In- stitute of Pathology and the New York Hospital for pe- riods ranging from five to nine months.Figure 1 indi- cates for each of these nine patients the duration of study and phase of disease during which study was carried out.943 D. Q. d', 21 M. OM.V. 21
Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia, and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease With and Without Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Csaba P. Kovesdy, Evan H. Lott, Jun Ling Lu, Sandra M. Malakauskas, Jennie Z. Ma, Miklos Z. Molnar, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Hyponatremia is common in patients with conditions such as congestive heart failure and is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients. Congestive heart failure is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, but the association of serum sodium concentration with mortality in such patients is not well characterized. Methods and Results— We examined the association of serum sodium concentration with all-cause mortality in a nationally representative cohort of 655 493 US veterans with non–dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (95 961 [15%] of them with congestive heart failure). Associations were examined in time-dependent Cox models with adjustment for potential confounders. During a median follow-up of 5.5 years, a total of 193 956 patients died (mortality rate, 62.5/1000 patient-years; 95% confidence interval, 62.2–62.8). The association of serum sodium level with mortality was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality seen in patients with sodium level of 140 mEq/L and with both lower and higher levels showing significant associations with increased mortality. Patients with serum sodium levels of &lt;130, 130 to 135.9, 145.1 to 150, and ≥150 mEq/L compared with 136 to 145 mEq/L had multivariable-adjusted mortality hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.93 (1.83–2.03), 1.28 (1.26–1.30), 1.33 (1.28–1.38), and 1.56 (1.33–1.83) ( P &lt;0.001 for all). The associations remained consistent in subgroups of patients with and without congestive heart failure. Conclusions— Both lower and higher serum sodium levels are independently associated with higher mortality in patients with non–dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, irrespective of the presence or absence of congestive heart failure.
Getting our journals to developing countries
Authors: M. J G FARTHING
Journal: Gut (2001)

For some years now it has been our policy to give gratis subscriptions to our journals to applicants from countries in the developing world. However, in practice this has had its difficulties. Many developing countries have either poor or non-existent postal services and granting a print subscription can often be problematic and expensive—the marginal cost of sending Gut to Africa is around £25 each year. An editorial in the BMJ sets out the arguments very clearly.1 We know that the gap between the rich and poor countries is widening. Whilst those of us in the developed world have information overload, the developing countries have bare library shelves. The internet gives us the opportunity to narrow the gap. The marginal cost of giving access to the electronic …
SEVEN–YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY STENTING WITH DRUG–ELUTING STENT AND BARE–METAL STENT
Authors: Shunsuke Kubo, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Harumi Katoh, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Listeria Sepsis Immediately Preceding Renal Transplant Rejection
Authors: Fredric O. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CLINICAL manifestations of viral infections have been temporally and causally associated with the onset of acute renal transplant rejection.<sup>1-3</sup>It has been postulated that the development of a viral infection in the transplant recipient could upset the immunological balance that has permitted the recipient to tolerate the foreign organ.<sup>1</sup>It is of interest, however, that, to our knowledge, the occurrence of significant bacterial infections immediately prior to the clinical manifestations of acute rejection has not been previously documented. We have recently treated three renal transplant recipients in whom sepsis with<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>developed several days before the clinical appearance of acute rejection episodes. It is suggested that the bacterial sepsis may have contributed to the development of the transplant rejection. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 31-year-old man with Alport syndrome underwent maintenance hemodialysis for two years. He was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital on Aug 31,1974, for
Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma: a randomized cross-over trial.
Authors: I E Smith, A L Harris, M Morgan, H T Ford, J C Gazet, C L Harmer, H White, C A Parsons, A Villardo, G Walsh, J A McKinna
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Altogether 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with either tamoxifen 10 mg by mouth twice daily or aminoglutethimide 250 mg by mouth four times daily with hydrocortisone 20 mg twice daily in a randomised cross-over trial in which patients who failed to respond to the first treatment or relapsed while receiving it were switched to the other. Eighteen (30%) out of 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response and 11 (18%) showed stable disease. Seventeen (30%) out of 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Objective responses in bone metastases were achieved more commonly with aminoglutethimide (11 patients (35%)) than with tamoxifen (five (17%)). The predicted median duration of response for tamoxifen was 15 months and for aminoglutethimide over 15 months (no significant difference). Five (15%) out of 34 patients who failed to respond to tamoxifen and four out of six patients who relapsed after responding to tamoxifen subsequently responded to aminoglutethimide. In contrast, only two (6%) out of 31 patients who failed to respond to aminoglutethimide and none out of four patients who relapsed while receiving aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen. The main side effects occurring in the 97 patients who received aminoglutethimide as first- or second-line treatment were lethargy and drowsiness (36 patients) and rash (29); seven patients had to stop treatment because of side effects. In contrast, side effects were rare and mild with tamoxifen and no patient had to stop treatment because of them. Both tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide appeared from this study to be equally effective in the medical endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer.
On the Suction-Method of Rearing Infants
Authors: F. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1859)

conjectured that if, in addition to that, his breathing had been oppressed by compression of the lungs from air accumulating in the cavity of the pleura, he could not have survived.We may, therefore, look on the escape of air into the cellular membrane, external to the chest, as having been a source of safety-like the steam let off by the engineer, from an overcharged boiler.In the course of watching the case, we had to keep our minds directed to three distinct sources of difficult breathing: first, that which might depend on the patient's former disease of the chest, of the nature of which we had no exact information;secondly, that which might be the ordinary effect of several ribs having been broken at the same time; thirdly, that which might arise at any moment from the air that escaped at the wound becoming confined, and increasing in quantity within the cavity of the pleura, so as to compress and stop the breathing in one or both lungs.You will have observed that we applied the rib-roller at first, and immediately afterwards removed it; but again, when the
Prehospital Therapeutic Hypothermia in Patients With Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Antonio Maria Dell’Anna, Fabio Silvio Taccone
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased pulmonary and intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease.
Authors: A Adenis, J F Colombel, P Lecouffe, B Wallaert, B Hecquet, X Marchandise, A Cortot
Journal: Gut (1992)

We tested the hypothesis that an increased epithelial permeability may affect sites other than the intestine in patients with Crohn9s disease by simultaneously evaluating their pulmonary and intestinal permeability. Pulmonary and intestinal permeability were measured by clearance of inhaled technetium-99m diethylene triamine pentacetate (99mTc-DTPA) and by urinary recovery of chromium-51 ethylene diamine tetracetate respectively in 22 patients with Crohn9s disease. The half time clearance of 99mTc-DTPA from lung to blood (t1/2LB) was decreased--that is pulmonary permeability increased--in the whole group of patients with Crohn9s disease as compared with 13 controls (median 45.5 minutes (8-160) v 85 minutes (34-130) (p less than 0.003)). When analysed separately only patients with active Crohn9s disease (n = 15) had a decreased t1/2 lung to blood v controls (42 minutes (8-160) v 85 minutes (34-130) (p less than 0.0025)). Among patients with active Crohn9s disease, six were studied again when their disease was quiescent and their t1/2 lung to blood did not differ significantly. The intestinal permeability was increased in the whole group of Crohn9s disease patients as compared with 15 controls (5.25% (1.2-24) v 1.7% (0.65-5.75) (p less than 0.0002)). When analysed separately both patients with active and inactive Crohn9s disease had increased intestinal permeability v controls (8.1% (1.6-24) and 3.5% (1.2.9.2) v 1.7% (0.65-5.75)) (p less than 0.0001, p = 0.05 respectively). Six patients with active Crohn9s disease were studied again when their disease was quiescent and their intestinal permeability decreased significantly p less than 0.04). Pulmonary permeability was increased in patients with Crohn9s disease but was not greatly influenced by Crohn9s disease activity as opposed to intestinal permeability. The mechanism of this increase is unknown, but may be related in some patients to the presence of an alveolitis.
Study of calcium absorption in man: a kinetic analysis and physiologic model
Authors: Stanley J. Birge, William A. Peck, Mones Berman, G. Donald Whedon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A physical model of calcium absorption was developed from analysis of data obtained on 23 subjects, including 13 patients having a variety of abnormalities of calcium metabolism. The model was tested and found consistent in all subjects studied. This technique provides a quantitative description of the rate of entry of oral dose of 47Ca into the circulation as a function of time by analysis of serum or forearm radioactivity in response to intravenous and oral administration of 47Ca. The kinetics of the absorption process as proposed by the model are characterized by an initial delay phase of 15-20 min, by a maximal rate of absorption at 40-60 min after ingestion, and by 95% completion of the absorption within 2½ hr. Partial identification of the physiological counterparts of the model was possible by introduction of the isotope at various levels of the gut. Although the region of the duodenum was found to have the greatest rate of absorption per unit length in normal subjects, it was least responsive to stimulation by parathyroid hormone and suppression by calcium loading. Furthermore, the response of the gut to parathyroid hormone was delayed, whereas the suppression of absorption by intravenous or oral calcium loading was rapid and dramatic. The implications of these observations are discussed.
The tension-time index of the diaphragm revisited in quadriplegic patients with diaphragm pacing.
Authors: S Nava, F Rubini, E Zanotti, D Caldiroli
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The fatigue threshold of the human diaphragm, index of its endurance and fatigability, corresponds, during spontaneous breathing, to a tension-time index (TTdi = Pdi/Pdimax x T1/Ttot (i.e., the inspiratory time over the total breath duration) of 0.15 to 0.18. We studied three quadriplegic patients with diaphragm pacing in order to reassess this threshold in patients in whom the contribution of the other respiratory muscles is lacking. Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was obtained from the difference between gastric (Pga) and esophageal (Pes) pressures while the electromyograms (EMG) of both hemidiaphragms were recorded with surface electrodes. Four runs at different TTdi were performed on different days in each subject, varying either the Pdi developed per breath, changing the frequency of stimulation, or the T1/Ttot. The time of fatigue was defined when Pdi decreased during the trials by 35% from baseline. No evidence of transmission fatigue (i.e., decline in action potential amplitude) was observed. The TTdi at which fatigue occurred in all the quadriplegic patients was around 0.10 to 0.12, well below the values previously described. After fatigue had occurred, the force recovery during the force-frequency curve was not complete after 2 h at low frequencies, whereas at high frequencies it was fully complete at 30 min. We conclude that when respiration is accomplished only by the diaphragm, without the contribution of the other respiratory muscles, the fatigue threshold is lower than previously reported.
Corticosteroid treatment selectively decreases mast cells in the smooth muscle and epithelium of asthmatic bronchi
Authors: A. James, P. Gyllfors, E. Henriksson, S. E. Dahlén, M. Adner, G. Nilsson, B. Dahlén
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Mast cells are important in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation and evidence suggests their sub‐localisation within the airway is altered in asthma. Little is known about the effect of corticosteroids on mast cell localisation within the bronchi. Methods We therefore performed an immunohistochemical analysis of mast cell numbers within the smooth muscle, epithelium and submucosa of healthy subjects ( n = 10) and well‐characterised asthmatic patients, using either β 2 ‐agonists alone ( n = 10) or β 2 ‐agonists and inhaled corticosteroids ( n = 10). Results Patients using inhaled corticosteroids displayed significantly lower numbers of mast cells within their epithelium and smooth muscle compared to those not treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Submucosal mast cells were not affected by corticosteroid treatment. Numbers of smooth muscle mast cells correlated with bronchial responsiveness and epithelial mast cells with exhaled NO . Conclusion We demonstrate that glucocorticosteroids differentially affect mast cell numbers within specific airway sub‐locations highlighting the importance of mast cell and smooth muscle/epithelial interactions in asthma pathogenesis.
SCA7 Knockin Mice Model Human SCA7 and Reveal Gradual Accumulation of Mutant Ataxin-7 in Neurons and Abnormalities in Short-Term Plasticity
Authors: Seung-Yun Yoo, Mark E. Pennesi, Edwin J. Weeber, Bisong Xu, Richard Atkinson, Shiming Chen, Dawna L. Armstrong, Samuel M. Wu, J.David Sweatt, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Neuron (2003)
An Introduction to Genetic Analysis
Authors: Raymond R. Teplitz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is a revised edition of the well-accepted book by Suzuki. The present edition is broad in scope and has approached the problem of use as a text in interesting but by now well-tried methods: it summarizes the main point of the section as a "message" and provides problems at the end of the chapter. Separate solutions and instructor's manuals are available. There is also a set of color slides designed to assist in instruction. In general, the presentation is clear and useful. Unfortunately, it is not consistent. Many sections are complex or unclear. For example, the discussion of dosage compensation in mammals is incomplete. There is a lengthy description of Liane Russell's experiments, but only casual comment on Mary Lyon's experiments. This is deplorable; the Lyon experiments clarified the interpretation of events, and her name is associated with the lyonization of the X chromosome. Further, no mention is made
Kieran O'Driscoll
Authors: Dermot Mac Donald, Declan Meagher
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Kieran O'Driscoll died recently at home in the loving care of his family. His wife, Ina, predeceased him by a few months.

Kieran believed that clinical research was an intrinsic part of good medical practice and spent his professional life accordingly.

His commitment to the labour ward and to the labouring women there resulted in many significant publications on the supervision of labour.

Both in 1920 in Kildare, where his father was a pharmacist and family doctor, he was educated at the nearby Clongowes Wood College and qualified in medicine with a first class honours degree from University College Dublin. He spent his initial postgraduate years at St Vincent's and the National Maternity Hospitals in Dublin. He undertook specialist training at the Women's Hospital in Liverpool and Queen Charlotte's in London, where he met his future Scottish wife, Robina (Ina). He took his MRCOG and MAO examinations in 1947 and became a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist at …