tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Choice of Method for Administration of Oxygen
Authors: I. D. Green
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The need for carefully controlled continuous oxygen therapy for patients with chronic obstructive airways disease has been amply stated (Campbell, 1960; Hutchison et al., 1964).Further, it has been suggested that patients with cardiogenic shock require as high a concentration of oxygen as possible in the inspired air (MacKenzie et al., 1964).It is surprising, therefore, that, with the exception of the Ventimask, little or no information is provided by the manufacturers of the many devices at present available in regard to the concentrations of oxygen likely to be delivered to the patient.Few data have been published comparing the performance of these various pieces of equipment in an attempt to define which is the most appropriate to use in a given set of circumstances.Campbell (1960) pointed out the danger of intermittent oxygen therapy and the need for continuousl administration, and it is not uncommon for a patient to be treated continuously with oxygen for several days.Clearly, then, the method used should be comfortable for the patient and should interfere with his activities and those of his attendants as little as possible.This aspect of oxygen therapy has been largely ignored by those writing on the subject.This paper describes the investigation of a number of methods of oxvgen administration commonly employed.The aspects that have been particularly examined are: (1) how accurately the concentration of oxygen that each delivers can be predicted ; (2) to what extent rebreathing occurs; and (3) how comfortable and convenient the methods are.Recommendations are made about which device is likely to be the most appropriate one for the condition being treated.The methods that have been examined in detail are: (1) the Addis nasal cannula made by Portex Ltd. (Addis, 1963);(2) the Bardic nasal cannula made by Bard Inc.; (3) the Edinburgh mask made by British Oxygen Co. (Flenley et al., 1963); (4) the Ventimask made by Oxygenaire Ltd. (Campbell and Gebbie, 1966) ; (5) the Polymask made by British Oxygen Co.; and (6) the Pneumask made by Oxygenaire Ltd.
Large-bowel cancer after previous surgery.
Authors: J R Staniland, F T De Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Pulse Rate 37 patients on halothane Femur .10+ 10 92 ± 75 -3 13 + 13 370 + 189 +2 Socket .. 7 + 5 127 + 161 -2 9 ± 10 413 + 204 +1 13 patients with neuro- leptanaesthesia and controlled ventilation Femur 13 + 11-0 86 + 126 0 22 + 91 307 + 125 +7 Socket .. 12 + 8-9 33 + 36 -2 23 + 18 445 + 164 +2 8 patients with subcapital fracture of femur .. 11-0 + 54 28-0 ± 15-2 -8 15 _ 26 159 + 125 -4Times of lowest and highest B.P. given in seconds from the start of insertion of cement.finding, however, was the fact that in six out of eight cases halothane had to be with- drawn from the anaesthetic before the sur- gical procedure began because of its effect on the blood pressure.Any potentially hypo- tensive anaesthetic agent must be used cautiously in these elderly patients, as the implantation of acrylic may then be an added risk.-We are, etc.,
Unmasking an inflammatory suppressor
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

![Graphic][1] 

Mice that tend to have vigorous inflammatory responses (right) compensate by expressing the antiinflammatory gene IRAK1BP1.

COURTESY OF P. BRODEUR Mice that tend to overreact to infection appear to have a failsafe mechanism that kicks in before inflammation gets out of
Long-term Complications of Therapy for Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In a little over two decades, childhood cancer has been transformed from nearly certain death into a chronic disease. Accompanying the successful cure of malignancy have emerged the sequelae—what I call the "iatrogenic disease of success." Because onset of the sequelae may occur years later, their recognition and management, so important to optimizing the quality of the patient's survival, require knowledge on the part of the internists, pediatricians, and family practitioners who will be caring for our survivors. Pediatric oncology protocols are now attempting to reduce the long-term complications while maintaining and improving the survival rates. The author draws upon the vast experience of the Roswell Park Memorial Institute; reviews the extensive literature, including individual case reports; and synthesizes the current knowledge into a very readable format. The monograph is organized by organ systems and is replete with well-organized tables and graphs, to put this problem into a succinct perspective.
Freud's Discovery of Psychoanalysis: The Politics of Hysteria
Authors: Harry Trosman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The merit of William McGrath's book on Sigmund Freud's discovery of psychoanalysis lies in the grounding of the discovery in the real world of political fact. This is not to disclaim McGrath's acute awareness of psychological factors in Freud's early life that were also instrumental. In fact, the book is an excellent integration of the politically real and the psychologically meaningful— both were crucial in molding the direction of Freud's thought. The political life of fin de siècle Vienna is seen as background and also as representation for the projection of Freud's fantasies. Freud's early identification with the biblical Joseph and Moses was a means for the projection and organization of psychological conflict with his father and brothers. An early disappointment in his father's passivity when confronted by an anti-Semitic attack led to an identification with the Carthaginian Hannibal, who strove against the Romans. In his adolescence, Freud was a
The Population Dilemma.
Authors: Betty Lou Tom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A dilemma, by definition, forces a choice between two unsatisfactory alternatives. The dilemma discussed in this volume is the problem of choosing between continued indifference to the burgeoning population growth and formulation of an appropriate plan of action to cope with this growth. The consequences of the first alternative are catastrophic, but passive inertia and active resistance to change make the second choice distasteful. The decision is an urgent one, as ominous statistics on population growth indicate, but most people do not yet recognize the dilemma. Eight essays in this book draw attention to the problem, clarify the issues involved, and point out that "to ignore the population problem is, in effect, to choose one of the horns of the dilemma—the more costly and dangerous one." Eleven social scientists, all authorities in their fields, provide the reader with an extensive factual background to help him understand the situation in all
PANOPHTHALMITIS—FATAL MENINGITIS FOLLOWING ENUCLEATION OF THE EYE.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: S. D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

to the left as he could and again measured by the light reflex on its cornea the position of the glass eye.As the artificial eye follows as well as it can the rotations of the natural eye, I believe these meas¬ urements thus obtained represent the extreme limits of motion the artificial eye was capable of in every case.The results of my tests are given in the fol¬ lowing instructive table
ABC of Blood Pressure Measurement: The observer.
Authors: E T O'Brien, K O'Malley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Apart from the stethoscope, the sphygmomanometer is probably used S tmore than any other single instrument in both hospital and general practice.Doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff record blood pressure; and decisions on treatment, investigation, prognosis, fitness for insurance and employment, and epidemiological conclusions are based on these measurements.More recently patients themselves are being trained to record their own blood pressure, and there are now machines which record ; ' * 4
Exercise and Sudden Death
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Sudden deaths are appallingly frequent in populations where coronary heart disease is highly prevalent. Half the annual total of coronary mortality occurs suddenly and unexpectedly in a matter of minutes. Hence, there is an appropriate great interest in sudden death and the possible controllable risk factors. Prospective and retrospective studies indicate that sudden death victims share most of the major risk factors for coronary disease, but none of the risk factors examined can be used to distinguish a potential sudden death victim from those whose deaths are less precipitous.<sup>1</sup>The key to the prevention of sudden death would seem to be the reduction of risk of potentially lethal coronary attacks. There is a growing conviction that coronary heart disease results at least in part from a life-style that involves a diet that is too rich, too many cigarettes, and too little exercise that often leads to obesity. A suspicion
Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy—In Reply
Authors: Ellen M. Lavoie Smith, Herbert Pang
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Das multizentrische Magenkarzinom
Authors: H. Wiendl, A. Piger
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

In 0.8–3.4% of all gastric carcinomas multi-centric carcinoma is found, however early multi-centric carcinoma is probably much more frequent. A higher frequency can also be seen in cases of precancerous lesions like polyposis or pernicious anemia. For appropriate therapy exact endoscopic diagnosis is extremely important.
Preoperative anaesthetic visit
Authors: J J Slowe
Journal: BMJ (1977)

standing of the reporting systems involved.On the one hand there are the cases of "paralytic poliomyelitis" notified by the clinicians to the Department of Health and Social Security.'There may or may not be virus isolates from these patients.Secondly, there are the weekly reports of the virus isolates from diagnostic laboratories.2The clinical information submitted with these Communicable Disease Reports is necessarily preliminary and the subsequent course of the illness frequently causes revision of the diagnosis.This is verified by the Epidemio- logical Research Laboratory when these reports are correlated with the official notifica- tions for the annual poliomyelitis surveillance report.The correct figure obtained in this way
Psychological Consistencies Within the Personality of High-Level Competitors
Authors: Bruce C. Ogilvie
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Longitudinal studies of the potential effect of high-level competition upon the character formation of youthful competitors in sports cannot be found in the literature of psychology or physical education. In a recent study of age-group swimmers, trends for both boys and girls of ages between 10 and 14 appeared to be so consistent that it becomes possible to engage in more intelligent speculation about the effects of competition upon personality. The data, presented in cross-sectional form, will have to be interpreted with caution because of the highly select sample that they represent.  My research interest in the area of athletic personality, motivation, and the possible effects on character formation of competition has developed from extensive clinical experience with problem athletes. During a period of years, athletes from every sport representing every level from age-group competition through high school, college, and professional teams have been referred because of psychological problems. The
The Social Costs of Genetic Welfare
Authors: Philip R. Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Not all of us are enthralled by dramatic advances in molecular genetics and the promise they offer to improve the human condition. An articulate minority, including such groups as the Council for Responsible Genetics and the Genetic Screening Study Group (both Boston based) and individuals such as Drs Paul Billings, Norman Fost, and Neil Holtzman, have repeatedly urged that we reflect more thoroughly on the implications of the new genetics. The author, Marque-Luisa Miringoff, a sociologist at Vassar College, may now be added to the list. She argues that a "vision of genetic intervention is coming" that will displace a "social vision of the world," and that this new world view, which she calls "Genetic Welfare" (her capitalization), "will create serious social costs for groups that are vulnerable— the stigmatized, the powerless, the alienated." Unlike the eugenics movement, which was influential in the United States for much of the first
US provides immunity from legal claims related to three Ebola vaccines
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The United States has granted immunity against legal claims related to the manufacture, testing, development, distribution, and administration of three vaccines for Ebola virus disease, said Sylvia M Burwell, US Health and Human Services secretary, on 9 December. 

The immunity was issued under the provisions of the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act, a 2005 law designed to facilitate the development of medical countermeasures to urgent public health needs, such as chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear …
Effects of self medication programme on knowledge of drugs and compliance with treatment in elderly patients
Authors: C. J Lowe, D. K Raynor, E. A Courtney, J. Purvis, C. Teale
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether a programme of self medication for inpatients improves compliance with treatment and knowledge of their drugs after discharge from hospital. <b>Design</b>: Patients were prospectively recruited from four wards: two with a self medication programme and two acting as controls. Ten days after discharge the patients were visited at home. They were questioned about their drugs, and a tablet count was undertaken. <b>Setting</b>: The pharmacy department and four medical wards with an interest in elderly patients at a district general hospital, and the patients9 homes. <b>Patients</b>: 88 patients discharged to their own homes who were regularly taking one or more drugs. <b>Intervention</b>: A hospital self medication programme in which patients are educated about their medicines and given increasing responsibility for taking them in hospital. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Compliance with and knowledge of the purpose of their medicines 10 days after discharge from hospital. <b>Results</b>: The mean compliance score in patients taking part in the self medication programme was 95% compared with 83% in the control group (difference 12%, 95% confidence interval 4% to 21%; P&lt;0.02). Of the patients in the self medication group, 90% (38/42) knew the purpose of their drugs compared with 46% (17/37) in the control group (difference 44%, 26% to 63%; P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusion</b>: A self medication programme is an effective aid for improving compliance with and knowledge of patients9 drugs after discharge. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages It results in significantly higher levels of compliance after discharge A small but significant increase in resources is required Most (95%) patients preferred self medication to administration of medicines by nurses in hospital
Natural Killer Cells Activated by MHC Class ILow Targets Prime Dendritic Cells to Induce Protective CD8 T Cell Responses
Authors: Ralph Mocikat, Heidi Braumüller, Alain Gumy, Oliver Egeter, Heike Ziegler, Uwe Reusch, Anja Bubeck, Jacques Louis, Reinhard Mailhammer, Gert Riethmüller, Ulrich Koszinowski, Martin Röcken
Journal: Immunity (2003)
αvβ6 Expression in Myoepithelial Cells: A Novel Marker for Predicting DCIS Progression with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Michael D. Allen, John F. Marshall, J. Louise Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The tumor microenvironment dynamically regulates the progression of cancer. In the breast, a unique component of the microenvironment is the myoepithelial cell. Normal myoepithelial cells act as "natural tumor suppressors"; however, more recent evidence suggests that these cells develop phenotypic changes, which may contribute to loss of tumor suppressor activity. We have shown that myoepithelial cells in a subset of preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) upregulate expression of the integrin αvβ6, switching on tumor promoter activity through activation of TGFβ and MMP9. This makes the tumor microenvironment more permissive to invasion, seen both in vitro and in vivo. In human tissue samples, increased myoepithelial αvβ6 expression correlated with increased risk of disease progression and recurrence. Current estimates suggest that as many as 50% of DCIS cases will never progress in the patient's lifetime, but there are no markers to predict the outcome of individual cases. The identification of αvβ6 in a subset of DCIS presents a unique way to stratify patients with DCIS into those who may or may not progress to more serious disease. As αvβ6 is not expressed on most normal adult tissues, this finding may also provide novel targets for therapy in this high-risk group.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AS AN ADJUNCT TO PSYCHOTHERAPY IN SOME NEUROSES
Authors: EUGENE A. HARGROVE, A. E. BENNETT, MARION STEELE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

1. A total of 100 patients were treated for anxiety or neurotic depression with carbon dioxide combined with psychotherapy or with psychotherapy alone. 2. Of 50 patients treated with carbon dioxide, two-thirds showed no change, one-third improved, none could be classified as having recovered socially. 3. Of 50 control patients treated with psychotherapy alone, three-fourths showed improvement or social recovery and one-fourth showed no change. 4. Patients treated by psychotherapy alone showed improvement on fewer treatments. 5. The explosive abreaction following administration of carbon dioxide could not be integrated into the patients' defense mechanisms. 6. The use of carbon dioxide therapy in our hands added no specific therapeutic effect but did add problems of transference and resistance that retarded or prevented recovery. 7. Treatment of patients with symptoms of anxiety or neurotic depression was best accomplished by psychotherapy alone.
Recurrent Oral Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Samuel F. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Recurrent oral erythema multiforme is a distinct, but less-well-recognized variant of the erythema multiforme group of diseases. It is characterized by recurrent blistering of the mouth, periodic recurrences, prolonged duration, and considerable morbidity. The cause is unknown; however, a number of precipitating factors have been suggested. Patients with severe involvement usually require orally administered corticosteroids for adequate control. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2810-2812)
Association Between the T29→C Polymorphism in the Transforming Growth Factor β1 Gene and Breast Cancer Among Elderly White Women
Authors: Elad Ziv, Jane Cauley, Phillip A. Morin, Robert Saiz, Warren S. Browner
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextTransgenic animal experiments suggest that increased expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is protective against early tumor development, particularly in breast cancer. A T→C (thymine to cytosine) transition in the 29th nucleotide in the coding sequence results in a leucine to proline substitution at the 10th amino acid and is associated with increased serum levels of TGF-β1.ObjectiveTo determine whether an association exists between this TGF-β1 polymorphism and breast cancer risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a prospective cohort study of white, community-dwelling women aged 65 years or older who were recruited at 4 US centers between 1986 and 1988. Three thousand seventy-five women who provided sufficient clinical information, buffy coat samples, and adequate consent for genotyping are included in this analysis.Main Outcome MeasureBreast cancer cases during a mean (SD) follow-up of 9.3 (1.9) years, verified by medical chart review and compared by genotype.ResultsRisk of breast cancer was similar in the 1124 women with the T/T genotype (56 cases; 5.4 per 1000 person-years) and the 1493 women with the T/C genotype (80 cases; 5.8 per 1000 person-years) but was significantly lower (P = .01) in the 458 women with the C/C genotype (10 cases; 2.3 per 1000 person-years). In analyses that adjusted for age, age at menarche, age at menopause, estrogen use, parity, body mass index, and bone mineral density, women with the C/C genotype had a significantly lower risk of developing breast cancer compared with women with the T/T or T/C genotype (hazard ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.75). There was no significant difference between the risk for women with the T/C genotype compared with women with the T/T genotype (adjusted HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.73-1.48).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that TGF-β1 genotype is associated with risk of breast cancer in white women aged 65 years or older. Because the T allele is the common variant and confers an increased risk, it may be associated with a large proportion of breast cancer cases.
New heart attack test could reduce unnecessary hospital admissions
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nearly all myocardial infarctions can be rapidly identified within 90 minutes by serially measuring the serum concentrations of three cardiac proteins, a new study conducted at the Veterans Administration Health Care System in San Diego, California, has found ( American Journal of Cardiology 2001;88:611-7).

Current chest pain protocols generally rely on one or two markers and it takes 8-12 hours until a heart attack is ruled out. The new strategy offers an efficient, cost effective method of evaluating chest pain and saves on healthcare costs, according to Dr Alan Maisel, chairman of the cardiology department at the University of California at San Diego, …
PIGMENTATIONS OF THE SKIN.Clinical Lecture delivered at the Medico-Chirurgical Hospital of Philadelphia.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

pose of this paper to enter into a detailed description of the mode of preparation, time of operation, order of room, presence of visitors, choice of anesthetics, assistants, etc.; everything should be done by the direction, every one engaged should be upon the selec¬ tion of the operator.Your associates and consul¬ tants may express their willingness to indorse your action and divide responsibility,,for which magnan¬ imous expression of confidence I have more than once felt profoundly grateful, yet this is only sentiment; the patient and friends hold the operator alone ac¬ countable.The law places the burden of responsibility upon the surgeon, the science of surgery intrusts to him alone the protection of her honor, and, lastly, if he be a man made of the right kind of stuff, his own conscience accepts, without effort to shrink or shift,