tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prescription Opioids and Overdose Deaths—Reply
Authors: Aron J. Hall
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice
Authors: Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André, Dan Sperber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract What makes humans moral beings? This question can be understood either as a proximate “how” question or as an ultimate “why” question. The “how” question is about the mental and social mechanisms that produce moral judgments and interactions, and has been investigated by psychologists and social scientists. The “why” question is about the fitness consequences that explain why humans have morality, and has been discussed by evolutionary biologists in the context of the evolution of cooperation. Our goal here is to contribute to a fruitful articulation of such proximate and ultimate explanations of human morality. We develop an approach to morality as an adaptation to an environment in which individuals were in competition to be chosen and recruited in mutually advantageous cooperative interactions. In this environment, the best strategy is to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation equally. Those who offer less than others will be left out of cooperation; conversely, those who offer more will be exploited by their partners. In line with this mutualistic approach, the study of a range of economic games involving property rights, collective actions, mutual help and punishment shows that participants' distributions aim at sharing the costs and benefits of interactions in an impartial way. In particular, the distribution of resources is influenced by effort and talent, and the perception of each participant's rights on the resources to be distributed.
Canadian professor who taught antivaccine content is put on leave
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The instructor of a first year health course at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, has taken a leave of absence after local media reported that she was teaching antivaccine material to the 425 students enrolled in the class Health 102: Physical Determinants of Health.

Melody Torcolacci, an adjunct professor in the department of health studies and kinesiology, will return to the university in May but will no longer teach the course, the university’s provost said in a statement concluding his investigation into the affair. Torcolacci, a former Olympic shotputter, has not spoken to the media and could not be reached for comment.

Newspapers around Kingston and across Canada learnt of the course when a former student, Isabelle Duchaine, reacting to …
The Unplanned Pregnancy in Kenya
Authors: Yusuf A. Eraj
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Secondary Response to Pressor Stimuli Caused by Sensitization to an Endogenous Pituitary Hormone
Authors: MAYNARD B. CHENOWETH, GEORGE L. ELLMAN, ROBERT C. REYNOLDS, PHILIP J. SHEA
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

A prolonged and frequently extreme pressor response subsequent to the usual pressor response to asphyxia, nicotine injection or carotid occlusion has been observed in dogs, cats and monkeys treated with certain pressor aminies. Analysis of this phenomenon indicates that it is due to sensitization of the vascular bed, largely that of the intestine, by the amines to a pituitary hormone released by the various stimuli used. This hormone is probably equivalent to vasopressin.
SHOULD ERGOT BE USED DURING PARTURITION AND THE SUBSEQUENT INVOLUTION PERIOD?Read before the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention of the Colorado State Medical Society, Denver, June 19, 1894.
Authors: E. STUVER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

takes place.More extensive cauterization than this at one time is seldom justifiable, because it causes such intense inflammation.I am not at all in favor of the frequent cauterizations, daily or every three or four days, which some physicians practice in treating hypertrophie rhinitis ; neither can I see any necessity for causing the patient to return to the office every day or two during the treatment.When patients come to see me from a distance of two to four hours' ride, I usually make one cauterization and then direct them to follow out the after treat¬ ment carefully at home, and return for cauterization upon the other side, any time that suits their con¬ venience after three weeks ; but I prefer, when it is practicable, to see the patient once at the end of four or five days after the cauterization, in order that I may be sure that all is going well.In a very few cases, either because of unusual pain or excessive inflammation and swelling, I find it desirable to see the patient within two or three days after the ope¬ ration.
Resolution of gas exchange abnormalities and intrapulmonary shunting following liver transplantation
Authors: S E Battaglia, J J Pretto, L B Irving, R M Jones, P W Angus
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

This prospective study evaluated pulmonary gas exchange in patients with severe liver disease, its relationship to intrapulmonary shunting, and its response to liver transplantation. Detailed clinical examinations, chest radiographs, and arterial blood gas estimations were performed on 74 consecutive patients before and after liver transplantation. Fifty percent of the 74 patients had a widened alveolar-arterial (A-a) oxygen gradient (> 15 mm Hg) and 45% a reduced PaCO2 (< 35 mm Hg). Twenty-two percent were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 80 mm Hg). Following transplantation mean PaO2 increased (pre-89 +/- 14 vs. post-94 +/- 8 mm Hg; P = .014) and A-a oxygen gradient decreased (pre-16 +/- 14 vs. post-8 +/- 9 mm Hg; P < .001), despite an increase in PaCO2 (pre-36 +/- 5 vs. post-39 +/- 4; P < .001). To examine this improvement in oxygen exchange further, a subgroup of 26 consecutive patients, with no obvious cardiorespiratory cause for abnormal gas exchange underwent, pre- and post-operative spirometry, measurement of carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), intrapulmonary shunt estimations (100% oxygen technique), and echocardiography. In this subgroup, 23% were hypoxemic, 54% had a widened A-a oxygen gradient, and 85% had increased intrapulmonary shunting (> 5%) before transplantation. There was a significant correlation between the degree of pre-transplantation intrapulmonary shunting and A-a oxygen gradient (P < .01). Nineteen of the 22 patients with increased shunting improved following transplantation and improved A-a oxygen gradient correlated well with the reduction in shunting (P < .005). DLCO was reduced in 69% of these patients with a mean value of 73% of predicted. However, the post-transplantation mean DLCO did not increase despite the improvement in oxygen exchange. In conclusion, gas exchange abnormalities are common in patients with severe liver disease but these usually resolve post-transplantation. Intrapulmonary shunting is a major determinant of abnormal oxygen uptake in transplant candidates without evidence of cardiorespiratory disease. Finally, the mechanism for the reduced DLCO is unclear but appears different to that responsible for intrapulmonary shunting and abnormal oxygen exchange.
Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen–Progestin on Mammographic Parenchymal Density
Authors: Gail A. Greendale, Beth A. Reboussin, Angela Sie, H. Rosy Singh, Linda K. Olson, Olga Gatewood, Lawrence W. Bassett, Carol Wasilauskas, Trudy Bush, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: In longitudinal studies, greater mammographic density is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. Objective: To assess differences between placebo, estrogen, and three estrogen–progestin regimens on change in mammographic density. Design: Subset analysis of a 3-year, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Seven ambulatory study centers. Participants: 307 of the 875 women in the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial. Participants had a baseline mammogram and at least one follow-up mammogram available, adhered to treatment, had not taken estrogen for at least 5 years before baseline, and did not have breast implants. Intervention: Treatments were placebo, conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), CEE plus cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), CEE plus daily MPA, and CEE plus cyclic micronized progesterone (MP). Measurements: Change in radiographic density (according to American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System grades) on mammography. Results: Almost all increases in mammographic density occurred within the first year. At 12 months, the percentage of women with density grade increases was 0% (95% CI, 0.0% to 4.6%) in the placebo group, 3.5% (CI, 1.0% to 12.0%) in the CEE group, 23.5% (CI, 11.9% to 35.1%) in the CEE plus cyclic MPA group, 19.4% (CI, 9.9% to 28.9%) in the CEE plus daily MPA group, and 16.4% (CI, 6.6% to 26.2%) in the CEE plus cyclic MP group. At 12 months, the odds of an increase in mammographic density were 13.1 (95% CI, 2.4 to 73.3) with CEE plus cyclic MPA, 9.0 (CI, 1.6 to 50.1) with CEE plus daily MPA, and 7.2 (CI, 1.3 to 40.0) with CEE plus cyclic micronized progesterone compared with CEE alone. Conclusions: Further study of the magnitude and meaning of increased mammographic density due to use of estrogen and estrogen–progestins is warranted because mammographic density may be a marker for risk for breast cancer. *For a partial list of the PEPI Investigators, see Appendix.
Analysis of chimerism within specific leukocyte subsets for detection of residual or recurrent leukemia in pediatric patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: T Lion, H Daxberger, J Dubovsky, P Filipcik, G Fritsch, D Printz, C Peters, S Matthes-Martin, A Lawitschka, H Gadner
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Tort Claims and Federal Regulation of Medical Devices vs Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Michael Green
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasminogen activator inhibitor is associated with the extracellular matrix of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells.
Authors: B S Knudsen, P C Harpel, R L Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The extracellular matrix secreted by cultured bovine smooth muscle cells (BSMC) contains an endothelial type plasminogen activator (PA) inhibitor. When PA is incubated with the matrix, a high molecular weight complex containing a truncated PA inhibitor is released into the supernatant. The inhibitor also dissociates from the matrix by treatment with glycine, pH 2.7, in its intact, functionally active, 45-kD form, whereas treatment of the matrix with thrombin results in the release of a cleaved, inactive, 41 kD PA inhibitor. Bowes melanoma cells but not smooth muscle cells cultured on BSMC matrices decrease available matrix associated PA inhibitor. PA inhibitor incorporated into the extracellular matrix may serve an important role in the regulation of plasminogen activator mediated matrix degradation.
Neurosis may be increasing
Authors: G. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background and purpose</h3> In most cancer sites a low socioeconomic status (SES) is consistently associated with poorer survival. For brain metastasis, this relation is not well understood. Therefore, we studied the effect of SES on survival in Dutch brain metastasis patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery in a tertiary radiotherapy facility. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> We retrospectively studied 404 consecutive patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases in a tertiary referral centre between 2012 and 2017. Baseline prognostic factors for survival were collected. The SES score was based on education, income and employment. Cox proportional hazard models were made, corrected for the relevant variables identified from a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Adjustments were made in two ways in order to obtain comprehensive results: correcting for confounders (total effect), and correcting for confounders and mediating factors (direct effect). <h3>Results</h3> Unadjusted, estimation of the linear effect of SES on survival resulted in a HR of 0.92 (95%CI 0.82 – 1.04). The total effect of SES was achieved by correcting for age, resulting in a HR of 0.95, with a 95% CI of 0.84 – 1.07. The direct effect gave a HR of 0.96 (95%CI 0.84 – 1.10). <h3>Conclusion</h3> SES was not associated with survival in patients with brain metastases undergoing radiation therapy. When correcting for clinical variables, we found no significant relationship between SES and survival, with HRs suggesting limited clinical impact. The results suggest that patients’ survival outcomes after contemporary cancer treatment are unrelated to their employment status, education status and annual income.
Fallibility of Statistics
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1957)

The effects of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the lives of 40 British patients were studied by means of a questionnaire. The aspects considered were: social, sexual, and family life, physical and psychological health, and work. Thirty six patients considered their lives to have been affected, nine mildly, 14 moderately, and 13 severely. The aspects of life most affected were: sexual (13), psychological (11), physical (5), work (3), social (2), and family (2). Most of the problems encountered were related to infectivity. The availability of vaccines against HBV and of successful antiviral treatment have solved some of the problems, but it remains important for the medical profession to be aware of the multifaceted impact of the carriage of HBV.
[703] NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE INCREASES THE CALCULATED RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE: RESULT FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL, POPULATION STUDY
Authors: A. Colecchia, A. Vestito, E. Petracci, M.L. Bacchi-Reggiani, A.R. Di Biase, G. Mazzella, F. Pasqui, D. Festi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
CAUSATION THE FACTOR IN TREATMENT.
Authors: ERNEST F. TUCKER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The instinct of self-preservation is probably the strongest characteristic which we see exhibited throughout all the animal kingdom; nor does this tendency of living things to remain alive seem to be entirely due to an instinct, but there seems to be a constant effort on the part of the tissues themselves to prolong and preserve that series of phenomena which we call life, entirely independent of any volition on the part of the individual. We find this effort displayed not only in the animal kingdom, but in the vegetable as well. We see the seeds of small plants and vines, having taken root in unsuitable places, sending out their shoots through cracks and chinks in walls to gain the sunlight; the roots of trees curving around rocks and obstacles, and even displacing these by the exertion of considerable force, to reach the rich soil below. Nor does nature alone seem
HDL in CKD: not protective any longer?
Authors: Janina Müller-Deile, Roland Schmitt
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

To the Editor: With great interest we read the article ‘LDL cholesterol in CKD—to treat or not to treat?,’ in which Massy and Zeeuw reviewed the clinical impact of dyslipidemia on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD).1.Massy Z.A. de Zeeuw D. LDL cholesterol in CKD—to treat or not to treat?.Kidney Int. 2013; 84: 451-456Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar The authors suggest a practical treatment strategy mainly considering study results from the 4D, AURORA, and SHARP studies. Although the focus of the review is on low-density lipoprotein (LDL), we believe that the role of uremic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) should also be considered more carefully in this context. New data clearly support the concept that CKD modulates the level, composition, and functionality of HDL. It was shown that HDL isolated from hemodialysis patients is less effective than normal HDL in accepting cholesterol and causes a significant inflammatory response by inducing interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.2.Yamamoto S. Yancey P.G. Ikizler T.A. et al.Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein in patients on chronic hemodialysis.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012; 60: 2372-2379Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (160) Google Scholar The lipidome of uremic HDL contained increased levels of triglyceride and lysophospholipid, but reduced phospholipids.3.Holzer M. Birner-Gruenberger R. Stojakovic T. et al.Uremia alters HDL composition and function.J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011; 22: 1631-1641Crossref PubMed Scopus (221) Google Scholar Most recently, Speer et al. described that symmetric dimethylarginine in CKD patients can trigger the transformation from physiological HDL into abnormal HDL, inducing endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and inflammation through recognition by Toll-like receptor 2.4.Speer T. Rohrer L. Blyszczuk P. et al.Abnormal high-density lipoprotein induces endothelial dysfunction via activation of toll-like receptor-2.Immunity. 2013; 38: 754-768Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (234) Google Scholar As these data argue for a reversed effect of otherwise beneficial HDL in CKD patients, we suggest that altered HDL levels should always be considered in conjunction with LDL when evaluating the lipid status and planning treatment strategies in CKD patients.
Abstract 1755: Invasive cancer cells are mostly in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Authors: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Invasive cancer cells are a critical target for chemotherapy. However, the cell cycle phase of invasive cancer cells is poorly understood. Cancer cells were cultured in 3D Gelfoam® culture where they have in vivo-like cell cycle kinetics. Cancer cell-cycle kinetics were visualized using a fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), whereby quiescent cancer cells express mKusabira-Orange fluorescent protein (red) and proliferating cells express mAzami-Green fluorescent protein (green). Real-time imaging demonstrated that cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase are invasive and disseminate in Gelfoam histoculture. Moreover, in vivo, FUCCI-expressing cancer cells were in G0/G1 phase when they metastasized to the liver. Disseminated cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were also in G0/G1 phase. Most drugs currently in use target cells in S/G2/M are therefore may not be able to target invasive cancer cells. Color-coded cell-cycle imaging of cancer cell invasion should provide a novel platform for the rapid screening of candidate therapeutic agents against quiescent, invasive cancer cells. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman. Invasive cancer cells are mostly in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1755. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1755
Pulmonary Disease Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Harold M. Brannan, C. Allen Good, Matthew B. Divertie, Archie H. Baggenstoss
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Clinical records of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed for instances of pulmonary disease which might be ascribed to the pathological process associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Twenty-seven patients met criteria of the American Rheumatism Association for definite rheumatoid arthritis. Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis and subsequent fibrosis of the lungs did occur as a part of the rheumatoid process. Typical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis usually present before pulmonary disease; sometimes they are simultaneous; rarely, pulmonary disease appears first. Initial discernible lesions occur most often in the base of the lungs and roentgenographically appear like pneumonitis. This study showed that pulmonary disease is a rare manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis.