tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 stimulates the adhesive activity of leukocyte integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1, alpha m beta 2) on human neutrophils.
Authors: S K Lo, S Lee, R A Ramos, R Lobb, M Rosa, G Chi-Rosso, S D Wright
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Two classes of adhesion molecules have well-defined roles in the attachment of unstimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to cytokine-treated endothelial cells. Endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial cells interacts with specific carbohydrate residues on the PMN, and the leukocyte integrins (CD18 antigens) on PMN interact with intracellular adhesion molecule 1 and other structures on endothelium. Here we show that these two classes of molecules can act sequentially in an "adhesion cascade". Interaction of PMN with ELAM-1-bearing endothelial cells causes PMN to express enhanced adhesive activity of the integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18). Expression of ELAM-1 on the cytokine-treated endothelium appears both necessary and sufficient for the stimulation of CR3 activity since blockade of ELAM-1 with mAbs prevents the activation of CR3 by cytokine-treated endothelium, and immobilized recombinant ELAM-1 activates CR3. The ability to activate CR3 is shared by chemattractants, suggesting that ELAM-1 may serve as a "tethered chemattractant." This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that recombinant soluble ELAM-1 directs movement of PMN in chemotaxis chambers. These results suggest a mechanism by which multiple adhesive molecules may function together in diapedesis. ELAM-1 serves both as an adhesin and as a trigger that recruits the participation of additional adhesion molecules. Our results also suggest that ligands for adhesion molecules may also be "receptors" capable of generating intracellular signals.
Diagnosing Drug Allergy
Authors: Paul P. VanArsdel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CLOSE to 200,000 hospitalized patients suffer allergic drug reactions each year. Another 50,000 or so are hospitalized for treatment of such reactions.<sup>1,2</sup>There may well be more than a million more whose reactions occur away from the hospital and who require no hospital treatment. Perhaps as many as one person of every six who seek medical attention has suffered from an allergic or suspected allergic reaction to a drug at some time. Although toxic reactions to drugs are much more common than allergic ones, the allergic reactions tend to occur capriciously and explosively, with little or no warning. A reaction can be suspected of being allergic rather than toxic if the offending drug has been used before without any problem, or (as in classic serum sickness) if the reaction did not occur for several days after the drug was first administered. Drug allergy can produce a number of clinical
Abstract A2: Receptor status in breast cancer and reproductive history: Is there any relation?
Authors: Chinmay K. Basu, Ritwik Pandey, Soma Mukhopadhyay, Ashis Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: Molecular profiling studies using immunohistochemistry have identified subtypes of breast cancer that can be approximately classified by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu (HER-2) expression. These molecular subtypes and their combinations taken together with reproductive history of woman may help prognostication of breast cancer cases. We report a series of 102 cases of breast cancer treated in our institution over last five years (2004-08). Methods: Paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers from 102 patients with invasive and ductal carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically. Markers along with reproductive history were analysed. Result: 78 ductal 12 lobular cases were found. 43 cases were postmenopausal. Hormone receptor positive cases were 63 (61.7%), ER+ 34 (33.3%), and PR+ 29 (28.4%). HER-2/neu + cases were 34 (33.3%). There were 11 cases of triple negative (basal-like) breast cancer. Significant inverse correlation was found between HER-2/neu and hormone receptor. Early age at menarche was only found to be associated with risk of HER-2neu+, whereas breastfeeding had protective effect. Both late ages at menopause, hormone therapy was associated with poor prognosis. Higher age at first child birth was significantly associated with poorer outcome and no difference in risks with parity was noticed. HER-2/neu was not associated with response rate but their prognosis was worse. Triple negative had 3 survivors at three years. Significant associations were observed between HER-2/neu and increasing number of involved and metastases (p = 0.01). Analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu overexpression (p = 0.02) and age (p = 0.01) were independent predictors for disease-free survival (DFS). Conclusion: Hormone receptor positive cases are associated with better prognosis than HER-2/neu positive cases. For node positive patients, HER-2/neu overexpression was a significant predictor of DFS. Reproductive history had significant bearing in prognosis and receptor expressing subsets of breast cancer which may be clear by further study. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A2.
Symposium on interactive experiences, practices and challenges in sport psychology: approaches to psychological testing of athletes
Authors: M L Kamlesh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

With increasing emphasis on psychological training of athletes at all levels of performance, testing of psychological characteristics of athletes has gained importance over the decades. The two approaches to effect this task are: (1) the use of general psychometric tests to study athletic behaviour and (2) construction, standardisation and administration of sport-specific psychological tests. Both approaches have their respective merits and demerits and the debate over them is inconclusive. For example, all general psychometric tests were never developed to be used on athletic populations; this raises a big question mark on their validity in athletic contexts. The increasing number of sport-specific tests face two formidable challenges: (1) validity of the methodological procedures used to construct them and (2) the possibility of their application in different sport settings; for instance, a test of motivation constructed for badminton players to be used to collect data on gymnastic athletes and vice versa. The abstract of nature most psychological variables poses another big challenge to sport psychologists to collect data under dynamic athletic conditions and objectify if. There is, therefore, a need for a concerted effort to resolve this tangle. The presentation highlights important aspects of this most important issue in sport psychology.
P1232 SOFOSBUVIR AND RIBAVIRIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HEPATITIS C INFECTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: D. Samuel, M. Charlton, E. Gane, R. Brown, M. Curry, P. Kwo, R. Fontana, R. Gilroy, L. Teperman, A.J. Muir, J.G. McHutchison, W.T. Symonds, J. Denning, L. McNair, S. Arterburn, N. Terrault, X. Forns, M. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Modulation of the Cardiac Sodium Channel Na <sub>V</sub> 1.5 by Fyn, a Src Family Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Christopher A. Ahern, Ji-Fang Zhang, Marilyn J. Wookalis, Richard Horn
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Dynamic modulation of ion channels can produce dramatic alterations of electrical excitability in cardiac myocytes. This study addresses the effects of the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn on Na(V)1.5 cardiac sodium channels. Sodium currents were acquired by whole cell recording on HEK-293 cells transiently expressing Na(V)1.5. Acute treatment of cells with insulin caused a depolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation, an effect eliminated by the Src-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2. Sodium channels were coexpressed with either constitutively active (Fyn(CA)) or catalytically inactive (Fyn(KD)) variants of Fyn. Fyn(CA) caused a 10-mV depolarizing shift of steady-state inactivation compared with Fyn(KD) without altering the activation conductance-voltage relationship. Comparable effects of these Fyn variants were obtained with whole-cell and perforated-patch recording. Tyrosine phosphorylation of immunoprecipitated Na(V)1.5 was increased in cells expressing Fyn(CA) compared with Fyn(KD). We show that Fyn is present in rat cardiac myocytes, and that Na(V)1.5 channels from these myocytes are tyrosine-phosphorylated. In HEK-293 cells the effect of Fyn(CA) on Na(V)1.5 inactivation is abolished by the single point mutation Y1495F, a residue located within the cytoplasmic linker between the third and fourth homologous domains of the sodium channel. We provide evidence that this linker is a substrate for Fyn in vitro, and that Y1495 is a preferred phosphorylation site. These results suggest that cardiac sodium channels are physiologically relevant targets of Src family tyrosine kinases.
Ultra-Low-Dose Intra-Arterial Contrast Injection for Iliofemoral Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Subodh B. Joshi, Dorinna D. Mendoza, Daniel H. Steinberg, Matthew A. Goldstein, Cristian F. Lopez, Arnold Raizon, Gaby Weissman, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Wm. Guy Weigold
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Connecting Value and Costs
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AS A SOCIETY, we are in conflict with ourselves about the cost of health care.<sup>1</sup>On one hand, we want the best care possible, regardless of cost. On the other hand, we are not willing to pay the cost of the care we want. Our conflict parallels a flaw in the medical marketplace. An essential condition for achieving an equilibrium between cost and value is that the two must be connected through decisions. When people decide what products and services (goods) they want, they must not only see the value they will receive, but they must also be responsible for the costs. Because of a variety of features of the medical marketplace—most notably third-party coverage, third-party advice, and uncertainty about outcomes—the required connection between value and cost is severed. The result is what we see. One side of our collective mind demands more services while the other side cries
VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE: PATTERNS IN PRESCRIBING ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AFTER CYP2C19 GENOTYPING AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACS AND PCI
Authors: Nihar Desai, Will Canestaro, Donald Chaplin, Lori Martell, Olga Matlin, Pavlo Kyrychenko, Troyen Brennan, Niteesh Choudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Q Fever
Authors: Maxwell Finland, Mark F. Lesses
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE speed of modern travel and the relatively long incubation period of many infectious diseases have made it necessary for the physician to have some acquaintance with global epidemiology, to cope with some of his diagnostic problems. In the case reported below a diagnosis of Q fever was established serologically in a patient with clinical findings of primary atypical pneumonia. The diagnosis was suspected from the fact that the patient had been in an area where the causative agent of the disease occurs and had returned from that area within the known incubation period of the disease.I. M., a . . .
P3-168: The QUARTz trial: A phase III multicentre randomised trial comparing steroids with and without whole brain radiotherapy for patients with inoperable brain metastases from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Tanya Holt, Kacy Baumann, David Ball, Paula Mulvenna, Jacque Millet, Richard J. Stephens
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Long survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia: an international collaborative study.
Authors: J A Whittaker, P Reizenstein, S T Callender, G G Cornwell, I W Delamore, R P Gale, M Gobbi, P Jacobs, B Lantz, A T Maiolo, J K Rees, E J Van Slyck, H V Van
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A group of 82 adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia had survived in continuous first remission for more than three years was studied. These long-surviving patients were being treated at 12 referral centres in Europe and the USA, and they were compared with other patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia from 10 of these centres. There was no clear difference in the amount of induction chemotherapy or the time taken to achieve remission. Immunotherapy was not found to improve chances of long-term survival. The 82 patients were also compared with a group of 115 patients who had no appreciable difference in the number of blood or marrow myeloblasts between these two groups at presentation, but the long survivors had significantly higher initial platelet counts and were slightly younger. The long survivors also tended to have a lower total white cell count at presentation and lower granulocyte counts; there was no obvious explanation for these differences. Eight of the 82 patients relapsed from three to four years after remission and two (of 69 patients) after four to five year. Thereafter relapse was rare, and it seems likely that some of the 40 patients who have survived for five years or more are cured.
Largest group of children affected by measles outbreak in Wales is 10-18 year olds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The United Kingdom is likely to see more outbreaks of measles as the cohort of children who missed routine vaccination because of safety concerns move into secondary schools, doctors said this week.

The warning came as the number of cases in the Swansea area rose to 808 (as at Thursday 18 April). Public Health Wales said that a total of 77 people had been hospitalised since the beginning of the outbreak.

Uptake of the combination measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine fell from 92% in early 1995 to 79.9% in 2002-03, largely because of speculation that it might be linked to autism and Crohn’s disease. MMR uptake is now up again to 92.8% in the UK as a whole, with Scotland and Northern Ireland achieving the World Health Organization target of at least 95% coverage. However, pockets of much lower uptake exist, particularly in London, where the average …
Evidence for normal nitric oxide—mediated vasodilator tone in conscious rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Philippe Sogni, Richard Moreau, Masaru Ohsuga, Stephane Cailmail, Frederic Oberti, Antoine Hadengue, Eric Pussard, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Because it has been hypothesized that the hyperkinetic circulation in portal hypertension is the result of increased synthesis of nitric oxide, we compared the hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide synthesis--specific agonist (L-arginine) and antagonist between normal and cirrhotic conscious rats. The dose-response curves showed that L-arginine significantly decreased arterial pressure and increased heart rate. These changes started at the 200 mg/kg dose and were similar in both groups of rats. In both groups of rats NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (25 mg/kg) significantly decreased cardiac output by 35%. In cirrhotic rats, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine decreased portal pressure from 15.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg to 13.6 +/- 0.7 mm Hg and portal tributary blood flow from 7.8 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.100 gm-1 to 5.9 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.100 gm-1; it significantly increased portal territory vascular resistance from 950 +/- 108 dyn.sec.cm-5.100 gm-1 x 10(3) to 1,579 +/- 258 dyn.sec.cm-5.100 gm-1 x 10(3). In normal rats, portal tributary blood flow decreased similarly, by 27%, and portal territory vascular resistance increased by 55%. In neither group was hepatic arterial blood flow altered. Before and after NG-monomethyl-L-arginine administration, arterial cyclic GMP concentrations were not significantly different between normal and cirrhotic rats. In conclusion, this study shows evidence of a normal role for nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in rats with cirrhosis and that inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces portal hypertension. These results did not support the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthesis is increased in cirrhosis.
Points: Women and general practice
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1980)

entitled to private practice, . . .which is an important part of their income. . . .Private hospitals occupy an important position in the health service, and without their facilities it is unlikely that the state system could operate without substantial delays and waiting lists....There is peaceful coexistence between public and private systems; they operate side by side, without difficulty, and the Government gives every encouragement to citizens to use private facilities to the maximum.... Patients . . .who opt for private facilities receive a subsidy."(All the italics are mine.)These quotations are from a description of the health care system in the Irish Republic (by Mr R M Graham of the Voluntary Health Insurance Board in Dublin), which by coincidence reached me today also.The Englishman by tradition has derided the capability of the Irishman to think clearly.But it seems to me that the boot is on the other foot in this case.If any should say that this is all very well but such a sensible mixture of provision for those in need, with a subsidy for self-help, could not ever be accepted here, my reply is that there is abundant and consistent evidence, in repeated public opinion polls, that the majority-regardless of party or trade urion membership-are not ill disposed to a symbiotic health care system of this nature.
The optimal temperature for myocardial protection during prolonged ischemia as assessed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P31-NMR)
Authors: Matthias Karck, Antonio Vivi, Maria Tassini, Herzl Schwalb, Hadar Merchav, Gil Navon, Gideon Uretzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BLOOD COUNTS IN MALARIAL AND OTHER FEVERS
Authors: T. H. Delany
Journal: BMJ (1903)

BLOOD COUNTS IN M&LARIAL FEVER.I mm 1o^t25 off, thelast joint of the toe being attached by a strip of skin only.I cut through this, and removed the gangrenous part at once, and brought the patient to hospital, where I removed the other phalanx and scraped out the cavity with a sharp spoon.At the time of my second visit I took away all the worms that remained.In all sixty-seven worms were removed from this man's toe.The phalanges of the toe were completely ,destroyed, the bones being so rotten that they crumbled away when I attempted to seize them with forceps.This man is still under treatment and doing well, but, owing to the septic nature of the case and the great destruction of tissue his progress towards recovery is necessarily slow.
Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Daniel J. Lacey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Towbin's communication (<b>217</b>:1207,1971) on minimal brain dysfunction provided a comprehensive review of a subject not generally well understood. An additional, unmentioned effect of birth trauma (eg, hypoxia) could be on nerve cells still undergoing proliferation and migration. Although most cells of the central nervous system (CNS) have ceased mitosis and have assumed their permanent spatial positions at birth, in some regions of the brain, cells continue to proliferate and migrate for as many as 20 days postpartum.<sup>1</sup>Examples of these regions are the fascia dentata of the hippocampus<sup>2</sup>and the granule cells of the cerebellum.<sup>3</sup>Cerebral hypoxia at birth or in the neonate could conceivably affect the ability of cells to proliferate and migrate, in addition to producing necrosis of adult neurones. It has been recently shown that the most severe results of hypercapnic hypoxia in adult rats are evident in the hippocampus.
Global Tuberculosis Control: Toward the 2015 Targets and Beyond
Authors: Emilio Dirlikov, Mario Raviglione, Fabio Scano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Since 1990, progress has been made toward global tuberculosis (TB) control, as measured by targets set for 2015. However, TB remains a major threat to health around the world. In 2013, there were an estimated 11 million prevalent cases, and an estimated 9.0 million incident cases occurred globally. Approximately 1.5 million deaths were caused by TB, including 360,000 among people living with HIV. Substantial challenges threaten future control efforts. These include multidrug-resistant forms and co-infection with HIV, as well as other factors, such as the increased prominence of noncommunicable diseases and adverse socioeconomic conditions. Beyond 2015, TB control must be seen as both a public health imperative unto itself and a vital component of economic development plans. To that end, control strategies should exploit technical and operational innovations to improve TB control and care and should promote universal health coverage and social protection mechanisms to expand access to essential prevention, diagnostics, and treatment services while avoiding catastrophic costs incurred by patients.
Nanoscale Distribution of Presynaptic Ca2+ Channels and Its Impact on Vesicular Release during Development
Authors: Yukihiro Nakamura, Harumi Harada, Naomi Kamasawa, Ko Matsui, Jason S. Rothman, Ryuichi Shigemoto, R. Angus Silver, David A. DiGregorio, Tomoyuki Takahashi
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Synaptic efficacy and precision are influenced by the coupling of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs) to vesicles. But because the topography of VGCCs and their proximity to vesicles is unknown, a quantitative understanding of the determinants of vesicular release at nanometer scale is lacking. To investigate this, we combined freeze-fracture replica immunogold labeling of Cav2.1 channels, local [Ca(2+)] imaging, and patch pipette perfusion of EGTA at the calyx of Held. Between postnatal day 7 and 21, VGCCs formed variable sized clusters and vesicular release became less sensitive to EGTA, whereas fixed Ca(2+) buffer properties remained constant. Experimentally constrained reaction-diffusion simulations suggest that Ca(2+) sensors for vesicular release are located at the perimeter of VGCC clusters (<30 nm) and predict that VGCC number per cluster determines vesicular release probability without altering release time course. This "perimeter release model" provides a unifying framework accounting for developmental changes in both synaptic efficacy and time course.
Hematopoietic-Cell Transplantation at 50
Authors: Frederick R. Appelbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

September 12, 2007, marked the 50th anniversary of E. Donnall (Don) Thomas's initial report of a radical new approach to cancer treatment: radiation and chemotherapy followed by the intravenous infusion of bone marrow.1 That publication represented the beginning of a long series of laboratory and clinical investigations; more than a decade would pass before the procedure achieved its first successes. Yet Thomas's persistence in the face of criticism and clinical failure ultimately paid off in a new form of therapy that was used to treat approximately 50,000 people worldwide in 2006 (see timeline).Thomas's interest in the possibility of hematopoietic-cell . . .
TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER WITH STREPTOCOCCUS ANTITOXIN
Authors: E. GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Scarlet fever is a disease subject to wide variations in severity from year to year, and even within seasons. It would seem that the value of streptococcus antitoxic serum<sup>1</sup>in the treatment of this condition might best be determined by studying a relatively large number of scarlet fever patients within a short space of time. The patients considered in this report were admitted to the hospital within a six months' period. Several scarlet fever serums have been used in this hospital during the last year, under rather rigorous conditions, in that only in severe cases, oftentimes apparently hopeless cases, was serum given. The results have been encouraging enough to lead us to institute an accurate, thoroughly controlled test of what appeared to be a reliable serum, and to study its effect on scarlatina of all degrees, from the very mild to the very severe. The cases include only those