tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of atopic and non-atopic wheeze in 10 year old children
Authors: R J Kurukulaaratchy, M Fenn, S Matthews, S H Arshad
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Wheezing occurs in both atopic and non-atopic children. The characteristics of atopic and non-atopic wheeze in children at 10 years of age were assessed and attempts made to identify whether different mechanisms underlie these states.Children were seen at birth and at 1, 2, 4 and 10 years of age in a whole population birth cohort study (n = 1456; 1373 seen at 10 years). Information was collected prospectively on inherited and early life environmental risk factors for wheezing. Skin prick testing, spirometry, and methacholine bronchial challenge were conducted at 10 years. Wheezing at 10 years of age was considered atopic or non-atopic depending on the results of the skin prick test. Independent significant risk factors for atopic and non-atopic wheeze were determined by logistic regression.Atopic (10.9%) and non-atopic (9.7%) wheeze were equally common at 10 years of age. Greater bronchial hyperresponsiveness (p<0.001) and airways obstruction (p = 0.011) occurred in children with atopic wheeze than in those with non-atopic wheeze at 10 years. Children with atopic wheeze more often received treatment (p<0.001) or an asthma diagnosis for their disorder, although current morbidity at 10 years differed little for these states. Maternal asthma and recurrent chest infections at 2 years were independently significant factors for developing non-atopic wheeze. For atopic wheeze, sibling asthma, eczema at 1 year, rhinitis at 4 years, and male sex were independently significant.Non-atopic wheeze is as common as atopic wheeze in children aged 10 years, but treatment is more frequent in those with atopic wheeze. Different risk factor profiles appear relevant to the presence of atopic and non-atopic wheeze at 10 years of age.
Human and rat bile acid-CoA:amino acid<i>N</i>-acyltransferase are liver-specific peroxisomal enzymes: Implications for intracellular bile salt transport
Authors: Antonella Pellicoro, Fiona A. J. van den Heuvel, Mariska Geuken, Han Moshage, Peter L. M. Jansen, Klaas Nico Faber
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Bile acid–coenzyme A:amino acid N -acyltransferase (BAAT) is the sole enzyme responsible for conjugation of primary and secondary bile acids to taurine and glycine. Previous studies indicate a peroxisomal location of BAAT in peroxisomes with variable amounts up to 95% detected in cytosolic fractions. The absence or presence of a cytosolic pool of BAAT has important implications for the intracellular transport of unconjugated/deconjugated bile salts. We used immunofluorescence microscopy and digitonin permeabilization assays to determine the subcellular location of endogenous BAAT in primary human and rat hepatocytes. In addition, green fluorescent protein (GFP)–tagged rat Baat (rBaat) and human BAAT (hBAAT) were transiently expressed in primary rat hepatocytes and human fibroblasts. Catalase and recombinant GFP-SKL and DsRed-SKL were used as peroxisomal markers. Endogenous hBAAT and rBaat were found to specifically localize to peroxisomes in human and rat hepatocytes, respectively. No significant cytosolic fraction was detected for either protein. GFP-tagged hBAAT and rBaat were efficiently sorted to peroxisomes of primary rat hepatocytes. Significant amounts of GFP-tagged hBAAT or rBaat were detected in the cytosol only when coexpressed with DsRed-SKL, suggesting that hBAAT/rBaat and DsRed-SKL compete for the same peroxisomal import machinery. When expressed in fibroblasts, GFP-tagged hBAAT localized to the cytosol, confirming earlier observations. Conclusion: hBAAT and rBaat are peroxisomal enzymes present in undetectable amounts in the cytosol. Unconjugated or deconjugated bile salts returning to the liver need to shuttle through the peroxisome before reentering the enterohepatic circulation.
Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of actinic cheilitis
Authors: I.-M. STENDER, H.C. WULF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Three patients with cheilitis were successfully treated by photodynamic therapy using the topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), followed by irradiation with incoherent visible light. The three patients had had, for several years, disabling lesions on the lower lip, and histopathological examination showed dysplastic lesions without signs of carcinoma. Conventional treatments were ineffective. During photodynamic therapy, all patients reported a burning sensation when irradiated at the ALA treated area, diminishing immediately after removal of the light source, and vanishing within 4 days after treatment. Superficial peeling began 4 days after treatment, and lasted some months. Follow-up, after 6 and 12 months, did not reveal any sign of recurrence.
Drug company loses battle to stop article
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The pharmaceutical company Merck Sharpe and Dohme lost its battle in the Norwegian courts to stop the publication of an article that criticised one of the company's products.

The article, due to be published in the journal of Norway's medicines control agency, Nytt om Legemidler, had been halted by a temporary injunction granted on 22 October, which the court overturned last week. But the judge did not require Merck Sharpe and Dohme to pay the agency's legal costs because of the …
Cerebral Death and the Electroencephalogram
Authors: Daniel Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A questionnaire sent to members of the American Electroencephalographic Society disclosed that of 1,665 patients reported to have isoelectric electroencephalograms there were only three with truly linear records who recovered some cerebral function. Two of these had barbiturate-induced coma and one had coma due to a meprobamate overdose. From correspondence with foreign colleagues and critical review of the literature and the questionnaires, the committee concluded that, except for anesthetic drug levels or hibernation, electrocerebral silence together with the neurologic characteristics of unreactive coma, absence of striated muscle activity, and total absence of reflexes is strong presumptive evidence of irreversible coma (cerebral death). Opinions differ as to the time limit for reversibility in relation to different causes; 24 hours was usually accepted. Technical recommendations stressed use of increased instrumental sensitivity.
Cost of Patient Follow-up After Potentially Curative Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Katherine S Virgo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the cost of follow-up among colorectal cancer patients treated with curative intent based on the broad spectrum of surveillance strategies suggested in the literature. <h3>Design.</h3> —Economic analysis of the costs associated with 11 separate surveillance strategies. Charge data were obtained from the Part B Medicare Annual Data file and the Hospital Outpatient Bill file. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Ambulatory care. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Medicare-allowed charges and an actual-charge proxy for 5 years of follow-up after treatment for colorectal cancer patients on a nationwide basis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Medicare-allowed charges varied widely for the 5 years of posttreatment follow-up from a low of $561 to a high of $16 492. When Medicare-allowed charges were converted to a proxy for actual charges using a conversion ratio of 1.62, the range was $910 to $26 717, a 28-fold difference in charges. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Charges vary extensively across follow-up strategies, with no indication that higher-cost strategies increase survival or quality of life. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1837-1841)
Assisted Instrument Tie to Close Scalp Wounds
Authors: Ami Saraiya, Laura Bukavina, Robert T. Brodell, Ashish C. Bhatia
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The TSC-mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates the Innate Inflammatory Response
Authors: Thomas Weichhart, Giuseppina Costantino, Marko Poglitsch, Margit Rosner, Maximilian Zeyda, Karl M. Stuhlmeier, Thomas Kolbe, Thomas M. Stulnig, Walter H. Hörl, Markus Hengstschläger, Mathias Müller, Marcus D. Säemann
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Case 42-1964
Authors: John W. Raker, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the abdomen.He had been well until the evening of admission, when severe epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting developed suddenly after he ingested a large meal. There was no history of hematemesis, melena, jaundice or previous abdominal pain.Physical examination revealed an obese man moaning with pain. The heart and lungs were normal. Examination of the abdomen revealed tenderness in the epigastrium and the right upper quadrant. The edge of the liver was felt 2 cm. below the right costal margin and . . .
Inhibition of anti‐IgE induced skin response in normals by formoterol, a new β<sub>2</sub> adrenoceptor agonist, and terbutaline
Authors: R. Gronneberg, O. Zetterström
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The intention of the present study was to compare formoterol and terbutaline regarding ability to inhibit immediate wheal and Hare responses (WFR) to antihuman IgE with focus on the duration of anti‐WFR action. Formoterol is a novel β 2 ‐adrenergic agonist with a prolonged duration of bronchodilation capacity after inhalation. The drugs injected intradermally 2 min prior to challenge with anti‐IgE in volunteers produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the WFR in the range 1pg–100ng (formoterol) and Ing‐1μg (terbutaline). Formoterol was 70 times (flare) and 25 times (wheal) more potent (ID 40 ) than terbutaline on a weight basis. The duration of the anti‐WFR action for formoterol, injected in a 25 times lower dose than terbutaline, was significantly longer, namely &gt; 24 h versus 8 h for terbutaline. The histanune induced wheal reaction was attenuated by 15% and 25% by terbutaline and formoterol, respectively. The results indicate a higher β 2 ‐receptor activity for formoterol with respect to inhibition of IgE‐dependent mast cell mediator release in addition to an anti‐leak effect exerted by both drugs. The prolonged duration of antagonistic effect by formoterol on the WFR to anti‐IgE might be due to the lipophilic property of the drug, with an expected higher retention of formoterol at the target tissue compared with the more hydrophilic compound terbutaline.
Treatment of peripheral vascular disorders.
Authors: R R Freedman, P Ianni
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The use of this technique for diagnosing pneumocystis pneumonia does not seem to be widely known in Great Britain, and we were unaware of its use in such cases until it was brought to our attention by Dr C Danel from Paris.Its use was first described in 1974 by Drew et all using a catheter and later by Kelly et a12 and Even et al3 using a fibreoptic bronchoscope.The success rate seems to be almost 1000% with no false positives.The lavaged fluid is centrifuged, and the cells stained with methenamine silver stain, which shows the pneumocysts clearly.We have used the technique in one suspected case, and it was gratifying to be able to have a definite positive result within three hours of the bronchoscopy.Lung biopsy samples taken at the same time eventually were also positive, but in future we plan not to run the small, but appreciable, risk of transbronchial biopsy in such cases.
Pleural-Fluid Amylase in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Maurice Goldman, George Goldman, Felix G. Fleischner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE diagnosis of acute and subacute pancreatitis is often difficult. It is well known that ascites accompanying pancreatitis often contains considerable amounts of amylase. It is less widely appreciated however, that pleural effusion, which frequently occurs with pancreatitis, also contains amylase. Although this fact is not mentioned in recent reviews of pancreatitis1 2 3 4 5 individual positive observations have been reported by Kalser et al.,6 Palmer,7 Werner8 and Roseman, Kowlessar and Sleisinger.9 According to Hammarsten, Honska and Limes,10 who recently collected 7 cases from the literature and added 4 cases of their own, the amylase content of pleural fluid in the acute phase . . .
Response to Comment on Breiner et al. Does the Prevailing Hypothesis That Small-Fiber Dysfunction Precedes Large-Fiber Dysfunction Apply to Type 1 Diabetic Patients? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1418–1424
Authors: Ari Breiner, Leif Erik Lovblom, Bruce A. Perkins, Vera Bril
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read with interest the comments of Vas et al. (1) regarding our article (2), which used noninvasive tests of small-fiber structure and function to demonstrate the presence of small-fiber dysfunction prior to large-fiber change in patients with type 1 diabetes. We would like to respond to the following points.

Vas et al. (1) raised concerns regarding low laser Doppler imaging of heat-evoked flare (LDIflare) sensitivity for detection of polyneuropathy. In our study, LDIflare was measured using the moorLDI2 instrument (Moor Instruments Ltd., Axminster, U.K.), according to published techniques (3). In a previous study, we have shown …
Investigation of death is set to improve at last
Authors: P. N Furness
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Reisner’s complaints after his mother’s death are unfortunately well known.1 The Royal College of Pathologists has long argued the need for reform of systems for investigating and certifying death, as have a succession of government reports over many years. The long awaited Coroners and Justice Bill, currently making its way through parliament, should produce an …
Pulmonary-Function Response to Radioisotope Scanning of the Lungs
Authors: Warren M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE PULMONARY SCAN with radioactive particulate material has been proved to be an effective and easy method to demonstrate the pulmonary blood flow by radioisotope scanning technique.<sup>1</sup>The major clinical usefulness has been in the investigation of pulmonary infarcts, but its usefulness is being extended to include investigation of a number of pulmonary problems.<sup>2,3</sup> The most common material used for this scanning procedure has been macroaggregated human serum albumin labeled with radioactive iodine (<sup>131</sup>I), chromium (<sup>51</sup>Cr), or technetium (<sup>99m</sup>Tc). These particles are nearly completely removed from the circulation by the small vessels in the lungs after intravenous injection and are then broken down to smaller particles which leave the lungs with half-times ranging between five and ten hours.<sup>1</sup> Clinical and experimental studies indicate that pulmonary emboli may cause significant physiological changes, with or without symptoms, in human subjects and animals.<sup>45</sup>Since radioisotope
Screening for ovarian cancer. Uptake of screening would be low.
Authors: C D Wolfe, K S Raju
Journal: BMJ (1993)

vation.A specificity of 890/o would not be adequate to prompt surgical exploration, but the serum markers could be used to prompt transvaginal sonogrphy.This would considerably reduce the number of transvaginal sonograms required in a screening strategy.As the panel of three markers distinguishes malignant from benign pelvic masses with a specificity of approximately 50%, half of the false positive results obtained with transvaginal sonography might also be eliminated.The specificity of this strategy is currently being tested.In the long term a combination of modalities is likely to provide a more sensitive and specific screening strategy than either serum markers or transvaginal sonography alone.
Risk of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome From Antibiotic Treatment of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 Colitis
Authors: Craig S. Wong, John R. Brandt
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A STUDY OF GAMMA GLOBULIN IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS 1
Authors: J. H. Vaughan, A. Armato, J. C. Goldthwait, P. Brachman, C. B. Favour, T. B. Bayles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

For a number of years the attention of many in- vestigators of rheumatoid arthritis has centered on the abnormality of the serum proteins in this disease, clinically manifested by a high globulin.Changes in the electrophoretically determined se- rum globulins have been reported (1), and to them the unusual agglutinating and precipitating properties of rheumatoid sera have been attributed (2-6).Recently evolved techniques for the iso- lation-of plasma proteins by precipitation in cold alcohol (7, 8) and the current availability of radioisotopes for labelling purposes (9, 10) have provided another method for studying the fate of plasma proteins in blood and tissues.A study of gamma globulin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of these newer techniques is the subject of the present report.1. Groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and groups of normal controls were given intra- venous injections of I'll-tagged Fraction II (gamma globulin) and similarly tagged Fraction V (albumin).The rate of disappearance of these two proteins from the blood during the first two weeks was determined from the radioactivity re- maining in serial plasma samples.2. The in vAtro adsorption by defatted joint tis- sue stromata of Pll"-tagged samples of rheumatoid and control plasma Fraction II was studied.3. Tagged Fractions II and V were given in- travenously in different experiments to rheuma- toid and non-rheumatoid subjects just before or- thopedic operations.The uptake of radioactivity was measured in specimens of joint tissues re- moved during the operative procedure.MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma fractionation.Plasma fractions were prepared
Brief Communication: Better Ways To Question Patients about Adverse Medical Events
Authors: Stephen Bent, Amy Padula, Andrew L. Avins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: There is no standard method of identifying adverse events in clinical trials. Objective: To determine whether 3 different methods of questioning patients about adverse events in a clinical trial affect the frequency of reported events. Design: Randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Setting: A Veterans Administration medical center, San Francisco, California. Participants: Men 50 years of age or older who had benign prostatic hyperplasia. Measurement: Frequency of self-reported medical problems. Intervention: The authors randomly assigned 214 men who were undergoing a 1-month, single-blind, placebo run-in period during an existing clinical trial to 3 groups to test different self-administered methods of assessing medical problems at the end of the run-in period. The first group was asked an open-ended question; the second group was asked an open-ended, defined question; and the third group was given a checklist of 53 common side effects. Results: All 214 patients completed the study. Patients assigned to the checklist group reported a total of 238 adverse events; in comparison, patients who were asked an open-ended question or an open-ended, defined question reported 11 and 14 adverse events, respectively (P < 0.001). The percentage of patients reporting any adverse event was also much higher in the group assigned to the checklist (77%) than in the first group (14%) or second group (13%) (P < 0.001). Limitations: The study included only relatively healthy, well-educated, middle-aged men and assessed only self-reported medical problems after the participants had taken placebo for 1 month. All personnel overseeing the study were aware of the group assignments. Conclusions: Different methods of collecting patient data regarding adverse events lead to large differences in the reported rates of adverse events in clinical trials, potentially reducing the validity of comparisons between the side effect profiles of drugs and other interventions.
Near patient tests for smoking cessation
Authors: Tim Coleman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Needs to be compared with other interventions 

N ear patient testing (at the point of care) is a term used to describe investigations done in clinical settings that yield results available immediately without the need for a laboratory.1 Until now, near patient testing has been used mainly for diagnosis, such as for urine analysis, and for monitoring conditions such as diabetes or response to treatments such as warfarin.1 In addition, measurements of carbon monoxide in expired air are used to monitor smoking cessation, but this has not been evaluated fully. In this week's BMJ Barnfather and colleagues report the results of a randomised controlled trial in which a near patient test for nicotine metabolites in saliva was used to encourage smoking cessation by dental patients.2

For each trial participant, the saliva test produced a single numerical result relating to the salivary cotinine concentration and showing how heavily the person smoked. In all, 100 smokers took the saliva test and were then randomised either to receive the test results with interpretation and feedback or not to receive the results at all. Eight weeks after …