tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhage From Gastroesophageal Lacerations Following Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Five cases of acute hemorrhage of the upper-gastro-intestinal tract due to gastric and esophageal lacerations complicating closed-chest cardiac massage were observed by an autopsy service of a general teaching hospital over a 16-month period. During the same time, 348 autopsies were performed, including 50 patients who had received closed-chest cardiac massage. Fractured ribs were found in 20 patients (40%) while gastric and esophageal lacerations were the second most frequently encountered significant complication (10%). Prevention, early recognition, and prompt decompression of acute gastric distention during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is emphasized as a method of preventing gastroesophageal lacerations during external cardiac massage.
Improving the safety of peripheral intravenous catheters
Authors: D. G Maki
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Specialised teams and technology could bring greater benefit than routine replacement

Current guidelines from the United Kingdom1 and Australia2 recommend routine replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters every 48-72 hours to prevent painful infusion phlebitis and rare but life threatening peripheral catheter related bacteraemia. In the United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend replacement every 72-96 hours.3 However, numerous large prospective cohort studies4 5 6 7 8 provide convincing evidence that the risk of bacteraemia associated with the small Teflon or polyetherurethane catheters now widely used in hospitals is only about 0.1-0.3 per 100 catheters.9 10 Because many hospitals do not have a team of nurses responsible for the insertion and care of peripheral intravenous catheters, and the average duration of catheterisation rarely exceeds three to four days, many hospitals no longer routinely replace catheters at defined intervals.

In the linked study (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a630), Webster and colleagues report a large randomised controlled trial of different methods of managing peripheral intravenous catheters,11 following …
Alveolar Liquid Clearance and Sodium Channel Expression Are Decreased in Transplanted Canine Lungs
Authors: Makoto Sugita, Pasquale Ferraro, André Dagenais, Marie-Eve Clermont, Pascal Barbry, René P. Michel, Yves Berthiaume
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

To determine the impact of transplantation-associated injury on the clearance mechanisms of pulmonary edema, we created a canine single lung transplant model. After 3 hours of preservation and 4 hours of reperfusion, right native lungs and left transplanted lungs were used to measure alveolar liquid clearance (ALC) in ex vivo liquid-filled lung preparations. We also examined the role of the pulmonary circulation in edema clearance in in vivo liquid-filled lungs between 4 and 8 hours of reperfusion. To study molecular modifications in ALC, we also measured expression levels of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). We found that ALC was significantly lower in transplanted than in right native lungs ex vivo (p < 0.05) and that transplanted lungs did not respond to the beta-adrenergic agonist terbutaline. Our in vivo study confirmed the ex vivo results. Molecular analyses revealed that ENaC messenger RNA but not sodium-potassium-ATPase was significantly decreased in transplanted lungs (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in ENaC protein expression. Therefore, we conclude that the current investigation indicates that the lung injury caused by lung preservation and transplantation significantly reduces the edema clearance ability of transplanted lungs.
Pauline Winifred Lane-Mitchell (nee Balmer)
Authors: L. M H Vivian
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Pauline Lane-Mitchell was an ordinary doctor but in paying tribute to her I would argue that in taking up the medical service required of her as a young doctor in Kenya she became exceptional. She was one of the few remaining doctors who trained under the Kenyan Colonial Service who could remember what it was like training and working in that unique health service. As such, she stands as a role model for many aspiring African doctors. Always quietly dedicated to her profession, she remained at 83 intrigued by medicine …
A Vaccine for Malaria
Authors: Nicholas J. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

It's been a long time coming, and indeed we are still not there yet, but it is becoming increasingly clear that we really do have the first effective vaccine against a parasitic disease in humans. If there are no unforeseen disasters, the RTS,S/AS01 Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine should become available in just over 3 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) has already taken the unusual step of indicating that it could recommend this first malaria vaccine for use in some African countries as early as 2015, depending on the full phase 3 trial results that will become available in 2014. . . .
ON THE NATURE OF BACTEREMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG
Authors: O. H. Robertson, Morton Hamburger, Lucien A. Gregg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

In a study of the relationship of natural antipneumococcal immune substances to the incidence and course of bacteremia in dogs with experimental pneumococcus pneumonia the following findings came to light: (1) In non-bacteremic animals, natural immune substances, as measured by the pneumococcidal-promoting action of the serum, continue to be present in relatively undiminished concentration throughout the course of the infection. (2) With the advent of bacteremia these immune properties of the blood tend to decrease or disappear, depending on the degree of bacteremia and the length of the disease course, but in certain instances they persist despite the presence of large numbers of circulating pneumococci. (3) Disappearance of natural immune substances from the blood during bacteremia is followed by their reappearance upon cessation of the bacteremia. (4) Bacteremic blood containing antipneumococcal immune substances and a sufficient quantity of leucocytes is capable of destroying in vitro relatively large numbers of pneumococci and will often sterilize itself. (5) The sequence of bacteremia first, then diminution and disappearance of humoral immunity excludes this antipneumococcal action of the blood as being the principal inhibitor of blood invasion. These observations have been interpreted as indicating that the bacteremic state consists of a constant escape of pneumococci from the pulmonary lesion and an attempt on the part of the body to compensate for the depletion of circulating immune substances resulting from their progressive immobilization by the pneumococci and their products. Thus, the loss or retention of humoral immune substances in the presence of bacteremia would appear to depend on the rate at which the body can provide new supplies of antibodies and on the number of pneumococci being discharged into the circulation. While the pneumococcidal action of the blood may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of bacteremia our study provides ample evidence that it exerts a potent restraining effect on the increase in numbers of pneumococci in the circulation.
Taming the Transplantation Troll by Targeting Terminase
Authors: Paul D. Griffiths, Vincent C. Emery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The immunosuppressive drugs required after stem-cell transplantation render patients susceptible to opportunistic infections. The most important of these infections, in terms of both abundance and severity, is cytomegalovirus (CMV), which has been dubbed the "troll of transplantation."1 Fortunately, the clinical effects of CMV infection have been reduced by preemptive therapy. Levels of CMV DNA in the blood (viremia) are monitored with the use of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays and, if viremia is detected, patients receive ganciclovir (or its prodrug valganciclovir) until viral DNA is no longer detectable.2 In addition to controlling overt CMV end-organ disease, since these agents are used only . . .
Opiates and Acute Abdominal Pain
Authors: Daniele Radzik, Jenny Bua, Federico Marchetti
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Partial immune reconstitution of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome with recombinant CD40 ligand
Authors: Ashish Jain, Joseph A. Kovacs, David L. Nelson, Stephen A. Migueles, Stefania Pittaluga, William Fanslow, Xiying Fan, Duane W. Wong, Justin Massey, Ronald Hornung, Margaret R. Brown, Jacob J. Spinner, Shuying Liu, Victoria Davey, Harry A. Hill, Hans Ochs, Thomas A. Fleisher
Journal: Blood (2011)
P44 Use of Intralipid infusion to analyse apolipoprotein B (apoB) and HCV RNA kinetics in chronic infection
Authors: D. Felmlee, D. Sheridan, S. Bridge, C. Packard, M. Caslake, G. Toms, D. Neely, M. Bassendine
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Production of infectious HCV is dependent on hepatocytes VLDL assembly, maturation, and secretory machinery. ApoB-100 is the structural apolipoprotein of large VLDL (VLDL1), small VLDL2, and LDL. Although HCV production is dependent on VLDL, chronic HCV infection clinically manifests in lower VLDL and LDL levels, particularly in genotype 3. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the production and clearance rates of apoB and triglyceride (TG) in VLDL1 in chronic HCV infected patients compared to uninfected volunteers. In addition, to observe if altering the VLDL1 kinetics would affect low-density HCV RNA quantities. <h3>Method</h3> VLDL1 kinetics were analysed using a protocol involving an IV infusion of a chylomicron-like lipid emulsion (Intralipid) for 120 min to prevent the clearance of VLDL1 by lipoprotein lipase.1 Multiple blood samples were taken during and for 4 h after the infusion. Lipoprotein kinetics were examined by cumulative flotation ultracentrifugation and the clearance of HCV RNA from different density fractions was studied by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation.2 <h3>Results</h3> VLDL1 TG production rate was lower for HCV patients [n=6] compared to healthy subjects1 [n=10], but the production rate of VLDL1 apoB was similar. Chronic HCV patients cleared Intralipid at a slower rate than uninfected controls. Plasma HCV RNA accumulated linearly in the serum during the 6 h experiment [14% increase per hour], indicating that Intralipid infusion either stimulated virion production, diminished virion clearance or both. Immediately after the Intralipid infusion ceased, triglyceride cleared exponentially, but at a slower rate than in uninfected individuals. HCV RNA in a very-low density fraction (VLDF, d&lt;1.025 g/ml) also immediately cleared, but linearly, parallelling VLDL1 clearance (t1/2=77 min). However, HCV RNA in the high density fraction continued to accumulate [19.8% increase per hr] during the post-infusion period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> VLDL1 TG production and clearance rates are impaired in patients with chronic HCV infection. HCV associates with large TG-rich lipoproteins in vivo, and clears from the plasma via this route. However, competitive inhibition of lipoprotein clearance results in accumulation of HCV particles in the vascular compartment, particularly those that lack association with TG-rich lipoproteins. Intralipid effectively uncouples the interaction of higher density de novo produced particles, with VLDL. We hypothesise that HCV particles need to transfer onto very low density ‘acceptor’ particles to facilitate clearance via the remnant pathway.
Experimental Approach to Visual Intracardiac Surgery, Using an Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: C. E. Drew, P. Cliffe, C. F. Scurr, D. M. Forrest, D. J. Pearce, P. A. King, H. M. T. Coles, V. M. Leveaux, J. F. Zilva
Journal: BMJ (1957)

The possibility of temporary by-pass of the heart to facilitate visual intracardiac surgery has stimulated world-wide interest and investigation during the past twenty years.To achieve this objective it is necessary to continue the functions of the lungs as well as the heart by mechanical means-removing blood as it returns to the right atrium and returning it to the aorta after passage through an oxygenator.Pioneers in this work (Bjork, Gibbon, Jongbloed, Dennis, Melrose, Dodrill, Dogliotti, and Mustard) devised ingenious but complicated machines, designed to imitate basal cardio- pulmonary function.Despite the use of heparin and
Assessment of insulin action and glucose effectiveness in diabetic and nondiabetic humans.
Authors: A A Alzaid, S F Dinneen, D J Turk, A Caumo, C Cobelli, R A Rizza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Insulin concentrations in humans continuously change and typically increase only when glucose also increases such as with eating. In this setting, it is not known whether the severity of hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance is comparable and whether the ability of glucose to regulate its own uptake and release is defective in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To address this question, NIDDM and nondiabetic subjects were studied when glucose concentrations were clamped at either 5 mM (euglycemia) or varied so as to mimic the glucose concentrations observed in nondiabetic humans after food ingestion (hyperglycemia). Insulin was infused so as to simulate a "nondiabetic" postprandial profile. During euglycemia, insulin increased glucose disposal in nondiabetic but not diabetic subjects indicating marked extrahepatic resistance. In contrast, insulin-induced suppression of glucose release was only minimally less (P < 0.05) in diabetic than nondiabetic subjects (-1.06 +/- 0.09 vs. -1.47 +/- 0.21 nmol.kg-1 per 4 h). Hyperglycemia substantially enhanced disposal in both groups. Glucose effectiveness measured as the magnitude of enhancement of disposal (0.59 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.17 nmollkg-1 per 4 h) and suppression of release (-0.36 +/- 0.12 vs. -0.14 +/- 0.12 nmol.kg-1 per 4 h) did not differ in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In conclusion, when assessed in the presence of a physiological insulin profile, people with NIDDM demonstrate: (a) profound extrahepatic insulin resistance, (b) modest hepatic insulin resistance, and (c) normal ability of glucose to stimulate its own uptake and suppress its own release.
Candida albicans abscess of lung.
Authors: A H Rubin, G G Alroy
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Candida albicans abscess of lung.Candida albicans lung abscess is a rare entity.We present a case in a patient who suffered from Hodgkin's disease and was receiving immunosuppressive therapy.The patient responded to treatment with 5-fluorocytosine.
New Use for Old Method of Inducing Ejaculation May Give Hope of Fatherhood to Some Spinal Cord—Injured Men
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

HUNDREDS OF BABIES are born each year at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor. Most are routine births (except, of course, to the expectant parents). But one birth, in May, perhaps merits more than handshakes and cigars. It may give renewed hope for fathering children to some of the estimated 145 000 men in the United States with spinal cord injuries, as well as some men with other problems that prevent ejaculation, such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus. However, the procedure—called electroejaculation—used to collect the husband's sperm for insemination is still experimental, and authorities caution that its successful use will not solve other underlying fertility problems common in such men. The Michigan baby's parents are in their 30s, and—based on a literature review by investigator Carol J. Bennett, MD—the first in the United States to have a child after the father's sperm was obtained through the
Retraction notice to ”Intraperitoneal application of caffeine prevents D-galactosamine induced hepatic expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in the rat” [JHEPAT 50 (2009) 1053–1055]
Authors: Olav A. Gressner, Monika Siluschek, Birgit Lahme, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Acetylstrophanthidin-induced reflex inhibition of canine renal sympathetic nerve activity mediated by cardiac receptors with vagal afferents.
Authors: M D Thames
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The present experiments were performed to determine whether digitalis-induced augmentation of cardiac receptor discharge could induce reflex reductions in renal sympathetic nerve activity. Intracoronary injection or epicardial application of acetylstrophanthidin (AS) in chloraloseanesthetized dogs caused large decreases in renal sympathetic nerve activity which were accompanied by modest decreases in heart rate and arterial pressure. Vagotomy prevented these reflex responses. Cholinergic blockade with atropine markedly attenuated the heart rate responses to AS but had little effect on the arterial pressure or renal nerve activity responses. Epicardial application of lidocaine blocked cardiac vagal afferents and the reflex responses to intracoronary AS. In sinoaortic denervated dogs, the relationships between doses of AS and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal nerve activity responses were linear. Decreases in renal nerve activity were evoked by doses of AS which did not reflexly change heart rate or arterial pressure. These data show that AS can evoke reflex bradycardia, hypotension, and withdrawal of renal sympathetic nerve activity solely by augmenting the inhibitory influence of cardiac receptors with vagal afferents. This reflex effect may contribute to the changes in renal function and thus to the diuresis that occurs when heart failure is treated with digitalis.
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors Augment Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor in B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia but Not in Normal Circulating Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: John A. Meyers, Josephine Taverna, Jorge Chaves, Anthony Makkinje, Adam Lerner
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Type 4 cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors, a class of compounds in clinical development that activate cAMP-mediated signaling by inhibiting cAMP catabolism, offer a feasible means by which to potentiate glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies such as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study, we show that PDE4 inhibitors up-regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GRα) transcript levels in B-CLL cells but not T-CLL cells or Sezary cells or normal circulating T cells, B cells, monocytes, or neutrophils. Because GRα transcript half-life does not vary in CLL cells treated with the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, the 4-fold increase in GRα mRNA levels observed within 4 h of rolipram treatment seems to result from an increase in GRα transcription. Rolipram treatment increases levels of transcripts derived from the 1A3 promoter to a greater extent than the 1B promoter. Treatment of B-CLL cells with two other PDE4 inhibitors currently in clinical development also augments GR transcript levels and glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis. Washout studies show that simultaneous treatment with both drug classes irreversibly augments apoptosis over the same time frame that GR up-regulation occurs. Although treatment of B-CLL cells with glucocorticoids reduces basal GRα transcript levels in a dose-related manner, cotreatment with rolipram maintained GRα transcript levels above baseline. Our results suggest that as a result of their unusual sensitivity to PDE4 inhibitor–mediated up-regulation of GRα expression, treatment of B-CLL patients with combined PDE4 inhibitor/glucocorticoid therapy may be of therapeutic benefit in this disease.
The Economics of Health and Medical Care
Authors: Bruce E. Balfe
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This volume contains the proceedings of a 1973 conference on health economics held in Tokyo and sponsored by the International Economic Association. Papers were presented by social scientists from the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Canada, Israel, West Germany, and Denmark. The papers are presented under five general headings that were intended by the conference designers to establish some basic themes and a logical continuum of subject matter for the conference. As it turned out, however, the papers did not always fit neatly into the intended topical sequence. The first section, "Economic History and the Economics of Health and Medical Care," contains two articles that attempt to provide an overall perspective on some general factors that have affected health and the health industries of modern industrialized nations. Part 2, "Problems of the Demand for and Supply of Health Services, and the Relation of Mortality to Economic Activity" and part 3,
Blockade of Epidermal Growth Factor- or Heregulin-Dependent ErbB2 Activation with the Anti-ErbB2 Monoclonal Antibody 2C4 Has Divergent Downstream Signaling and Growth Effects
Authors: James G. Jackson, Patricia St. Clair, Mark X. Sliwkowski, Michael G. Brattain
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Due to heterodimerization and a variety of stimulating ligands, the ErbB receptor system is both diverse and flexible, which proves particularly advantageous to the aberrant signaling of cancer cells. However, specific mechanisms of how a particular receptor contributes to generating the flexibility that leads to aberrant growth regulation have not been well described. We compared the utilization of ErbB2 in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heregulin stimulation in colon carcinoma cells. Anti-ErbB2 monoclonal antibody 2C4 blocked heregulin-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB3; activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K), and Akt; proliferation; and anchorage-independent growth. 2C4 blocked EGF-mediated phosphorylation of ErbB2 and inhibited PI3K/Akt and anchorage-independent growth but did not affect ErbB1 or MAPK. Immunoprecipitations showed that ErbB3 and Grb2-associated binder (Gab) 1 were phosphorylated and associated with PI3K activity after heregulin treatment and that Gab1 and Gab2, but not ErbB3, were phosphorylated and associated with PI3K activity after EGF treatment. These data show that monoclonal antibody 2C4 inhibited all aspects of heregulin signaling as well as anchorage-independent and monolayer growth. Furthermore, we identify ErbB2 as a critical component of EGF signaling to the Gab1/Gab2-PI3K-Akt pathway and anchorage-independent growth, but EGF stimulation of MAPK and monolayer growth can occur efficiently without the contribution of ErbB2.