tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Measurement of Ventricular Function and Myocardial Perfusion Using the Technetium-99m Isonitriles
Authors: VICTOR SPORN, NESTOR PEREZ BALINO, B LEONARD HOLMAN, ALVARO SOSA LIPRANDI, OSVALDO MASOLI, ALDO MITTA, LEOPOLDO L. CAMIN, SILVIA CASTIGLIA, KENNETH A. McKUSICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

To assess both ventricular function and myocardial perfusion, five normal volunteers, 19 patients with coronary artery disease, and two patients with cardiomyopathy and normal coronary arteries were injected with 20 mCi of Tc-99m isonitrile (either methoxyisobutyl isonitrile or carbomethoxyisopropyl isonitrile) at peak bicycle exercise and again at rest. A standard Tl-201 stress test was performed in all patients at the same level of exercise within one month of the isonitrile study. In all normal subjects, myocardial perfusion was normal at stress levels and the left ventricular ejection fraction increased 5% or more with exercise. In the 19 patients with coronary artery disease, the ejection fraction response to exercise was abnormal in 14 patients. Perfusion images with the Tc-99m isonitriles correlated well with Tl-201 images during exercise and at rest, with 89% concordance in areas of ischemia or infarction and 93% in normal segments. A simultaneous study of myocardial perfusion and ventricular function can be performed using a single Tc-99m labeled myocardial agent. Tc-99m isonitriles, particularly Tc-99m MIBI, result in sufficiently high photon flux that ventricular performance can be studied at peak exercise and again during rest using the first pass method.
Differences in echocardiographic findings and systemic hemodynamics among non-diabetic American Indians in different regions: the strong heart study
Authors: R.B. Devereux, M.J. Roman, E.T. Lee, T.K. Welty, R.R. Fabsitz, E.R. Rhoades, A. Crawford, B.V. Howard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Long term treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b: disappearance of HCV-RNA in a pilot study of eight haemophilia patients.
Authors: D Bresters, E P Mauser-Bunschoten, H T Cuypers, J H Han, P L Jansen, R A Chamuleau, M Houghton, H W Reesink
Journal: Gut (1993)

This pilot study was designed to establish the effect of long term alpha interferon treatment in haemophilia patients with chronic hepatitis C. Overall, three of eight (37.5%) patients showed a complete response, three of eight (37.5%) a transient response, and two of eight (25.0%) no response. HCV-RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction was more sensitive in detecting relapse than alanine amino-transferase (ALT) activity measurement, suggesting that current interferon schedules based on the ALT response should be re-evaluated critically.
Newer Virus Diseases: Clinical Differentiation of Acute Respiratory Infections
Authors: James A. Curtin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

use of polyethylene splints is described.Figures regarding the prospect of success are given.Operations for habitual abortion are described by Abra- ham F. Lash.His particular emphasis is upon repair of the gaping incompetent cervix in the nonpregnant state.The Shirodkar procedure is described also.M. Edward Davis discusses gynecologic operations at cesarean section.Tubal ligation is discussed and advised at the third or fourth cesarean section.In his hands a modified Pomeroy technique has reduced the percentage of failure to 0.25.The removal of a myoma at cesarean section is de- cried unless the tumor is pedunculated; or if the tumors are multiple and large and the patient has completed her de- sired child bearing, hysterectomy is advocated.Ideally ovarian tumors are removed at the fourth month of preg- nancy but should they be present at section they can easily be removed at this time.Routine appendectomy at cesarean section is condemned as hazardous.Cesarean hysterectomy is discussed in some detail and excellent results are reported.The substitution of this operation for tubal ligation for ster- ilization is gaining in favor and the author espouses it.Roger Scott discusses pelvic pain in association with external endometriosis, describing the various mechanisms of production.In addition he evaluates the use of hormones and of conservative surgery for pain relief.He also expresses the belief that hysterectomy per se may contribute to the relief of pain.Vaginoplastic operations are described in general terms by D. A. D'Esopo and J. H. Pratt discusses the Heaney tech- nique for vaginal hysterectomy.Good illustrations are pro- vided.Radiotherapeutic operations are described by James A. Corscaden.Techniques are described for cancer of the va- gina, cancer of the cervix and cancer of the endometrium (as a preoperative measure).Langdon Parsons describes pelvic exenteration giving valuable information regarding the selection of candidates for such surgery, contraindications, preoperative preparation and laboratory studies, and anesthesia.He gives a brief de- scription of his technique.Various urinary diversion pro- cedures are described.In his group of 120 operations there was a primary operative mortality rate of 22.5 per cent.The last chapter by Frederick Hofmeister contains de- tailed descriptions of the various elements of the modern gynecologic examination in ordinary office practice.In the reviewer's opiniorn this is a very useful little volume bringing before us as it does authoritative opinions and descriptions of the important aspects of cesarean section and advances in gynecologic surgery.
HOXA9 regulates BRCA1 expression to modulate human breast tumor phenotype
Authors: Penney M. Gilbert, Janna K. Mouw, Meredith A. Unger, Johnathon N. Lakins, Mawuse K. Gbegnon, Virginia B. Clemmer, Miriam Benezra, Jonathan D. Licht, Nancy J. Boudreau, Kelvin K.C. Tsai, Alana L. Welm, Michael D. Feldman, Barbara L. Weber, Valerie M. Weaver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) expression is often reduced in sporadic breast tumors, even in the absence of BRCA1 genetic modifications, but the molecular basis for this is unknown. In this study, we identified homeobox A9 (HOXA9) as a gene frequently downregulated in human breast cancers and tumor cell lines and noted that reduced HOXA9 transcript levels associated with tumor aggression, metastasis, and patient mortality. Experiments revealed that loss of HOXA9 promoted mammary epithelial cell growth and survival and perturbed tissue morphogenesis. Restoring HOXA9 expression repressed growth and survival and inhibited the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells in culture and in a xenograft mouse model. Molecular studies showed that HOXA9 restricted breast tumor behavior by directly modulating the expression of BRCA1. Indeed, ectopic expression of wild-type BRCA1 phenocopied the tumor suppressor function of HOXA9, and reducing BRCA1 levels or function inhibited the antitumor activity of HOXA9. Consistently, HOXA9 expression correlated with BRCA1 in clinical specimens and with tumor aggression in patients lacking estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor expression in their breast tissue. These findings indicate that HOXA9 restricts breast tumor aggression by modulating expression of the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1, which we believe provides an explanation for the loss of BRCA1 expression in sporadic breast tumors in the absence of BRCA1 genetic modifications.
Chemotherapy before surgery improves survival from bladder cancer
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Patients who received chemotherapy before surgery for locally advanced bladder cancer lived an average of 31 months longer than patients treated with surgery alone, an 11 year study of 307 patients has shown ( New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349:859-66).

The principal investigator, Dr H Barton Grossman, professor of urology at the M D Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, said: “Treatment of this disease varies across the country, but we believe neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be used more frequently to treat patients with locally advanced bladder cancer.” …
INTUBATION IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Authors: JAMES McILVAINE PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Experience shows that unrecognized or neglected acute inflammatory stenosis of the larynx which both the profession and the laity commonly call membranous croup, causes the death of many children.<sup>1</sup>This is not astonishing, since the average practitioner sees few of these cases during his entire life, and hence he is unfamiliar with their symptomatology and course. He is so accustomed to seeing his patients struggling along for days with the dyspnea of asthma that he feels that even severe air hunger will not kill. He has also seen children, apparently in desperate straits as a result of spasmodic croup, who are playing the next morning, none the worse for the experience. Therefore it is not surprising that he fails to recognize danger in his first case of membranous croup; and that the intubationist, when he arrives, finds a grief stricken family, crushed and prostrated, gathered around the body of
Comparison of early thallium-201 scintigraphy and gated blood pool imaging for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: L C Becker, K J Silverman, B H Bulkley, C H Kallman, E D Mellits, M Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The extent of abnormality in early thallium-201 and gated cardiac blood pool scintigrams has been reported to be useful for predicting mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To compare the two techniques, 91 patients admitted consecutively with evident or strongly suspected AMI underwent both imaging studies within 15 hours of the onset of symptoms. Patients with pulmonary edema or shock were excluded. AMI developed in 84% of patients, and 6-month mortality for the entire group was 16%. A thallium defect score of 7.0 or greater (corresponding to at least a moderate reduction of activity involving 40% of the left ventricular circumference) identified a subgroup of 14 patients with 64% 6-month mortality rate. Similarly, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less identified a high-risk subgroup of 10 patients with a 6-month mortality of 60%. Mortality in the remaining patients was 8% for thallium score less than 7 and 11% for ejection fraction greater than 35%. The mortality rate was highest among patients who had concordant high-risk scintigrams (five of six, 83%), lowest in those with concordant low-risk studies (five of 64, 8%) and intermediate in those with discordant results (four of 11, 36%). Of a number of clinical variables, only the appearance of Q waves, peak creatine kinase greater than 1000 IU/I, and history of infarction were significantly associated with mortality. High-risk thallium or blood pool scintigraphic results were significantly more predictive and a thallium score of 7 or greater was more sensitive for detecting nonsurvivors than ejection fraction 35% or less at a similar level of specificity. Stepwise multiple logistic analysis showed that the thallium score was the best predictor of mortality, but that appearance of Q waves and ejection fraction were additive. Using these three variables, 11 patients were calculated to have a 50% or greater chance of dying and eight (73%) actually died, compared with six of 70 (9%) with a calculated chance of death of less than 50%. These results in a prospectively identified and consecutive group of patients support the value of early thallium and blood pool scintigraphy for separating high- and low-risk subgroups of hemodynamically stable infarct patients.
Attempted Endoscopic En Bloc Resection of Mucosal and Submucosal Tumors Using Insulated-Tip Knives: A Pilot Series
Authors: T. Rösch, M. Sarbia, B. Schumacher, K. Deinert, E. Frimberger, T. Toermer, M. Stolte, H. Neuhaus
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastrointestinal cancers has been shown to be effective in treating mucosal malignancies, but en bloc resection (where the entire tumor is removed in one piece) is often not achieved using conventional cap EMR. Other techniques, developed in Japan, include the application of different types of knife such as the insulated-tip instrument. We report our preliminary experience of the use of this knife, in conjunction with other techniques, in attempting en bloc resection of early mucosal cancers and adenomas and in the removal of submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the upper gastrointestinal tract.A total of 37 patients (26 men, 11 women, age range 53 - 86) were included in the study; 23 patients had 24 mucosal lesions amenable to EMR, and 14 patients had SMTs shown on endosonography to spare the muscularis propria. Lesions were located in the esophagus (n = 13), the stomach (n = 24), and the duodenum (n = 1); 40 % of the mucosal lesions were 20 mm or larger (mean size 18mm), whereas the mean size of the submucosal lesions was 23 mm. After submucosal saline injection, circumcision and dissection of the mucosal lesions was attempted with the aim of achieving en bloc resection. For SMTs, cap mucosectomy of the overlying mucosa was done first, and the tumors were then freed using saline injection, and finally resected using snare polypectomy.The strict aim of the study, i. e. complete tumor removal in a single piece, was achieved in only 25 % of the mucosal lesions (some failures were due to unrecognized submucosal infiltration) and 36 % of the SMTs. When a more liberal definition of success was assumed, this rate increased to 65 % for mucosal lesions (piecemeal, no tumor found at surgery or follow-up endoscopy with biopsy) and 79 % for SMTs (piecemeal). No severe complications necessitating surgery or leading to major morbidity occurred. However, clinically significant complications were found in six patients (minor perforation managed conservatively (n = 1), severe pain without perforation (n = 1), bleeding requiring reintervention (n = 3), and aspiration (n = 1)).Although we are convinced that methods of achieving en bloc resection of mucosal cancers and SMTs must be pursued, the insulated-tip knife in conjunction with conventional endoscopes still has limitations. Innovative endoscope design (double-channel scopes) as well as the development of new accessories will help to overcome the current limitations and further promote endoscopic tumor resection.
Tumor necrosis factor can induce fever in rats without activating protein breakdown in muscle or lipolysis in adipose tissue.
Authors: I C Kettelhut, A L Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachectin) is a macrophage product that has been suggested to signal the loss of body weight, the decrease in adipose tissue and muscle mass, and anorexia during infections or chronic illness. To test this possibility, young growing rats were injected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally with human or murine recombinant TNF. After 3-4 h, these animals developed a 1-2 degrees fever which lasted approximately 4 h. With repeated daily TNF injections for 5 d, the animals developed fevers similarly each day. In contrast, rats injected with endotoxin show a single febrile episode and then are tolerant to subsequent daily injections of endotoxin (but do not develop tolerance to TNF or interleukin-1). On the first day of TNF treatment, the rats did not grow, but on subsequent days, despite their fevers, they grew at similar rates as controls. Although the TNF-treated rats consumed slightly less food than control animals, the ratio of growth per amount of food intake was identical in the two groups. When rats are administered endotoxin, they develop a fever, and their muscles show increased protein degradation and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production. However, when fevers were induced with TNF, there was no change in muscle proteolysis or PGE2 production, and in adipose tissue no increase in basal or catecholamine-induced lipolysis. Also TNF addition in vitro did not enhance lipolysis in epididymal fat pads or proteolysis in soleus muscles. Thus, TNF treatment can induce fever without producing a catabolic state similar to that induced by endotoxin.
Is there a place for anti-remodelling drugs in asthma which may not display immediate clinical efficacy?
Authors: M. Inman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Airway remodelling in asthma, like vascular remodelling in atherosclerotic disease, is thought to occur in response to repeated inflammatory insults, and ultimately contributes to the pathophysiology of the disease. In asthma, these structural changes are many, and include thickening of the airway wall, associated with loss of epithelial organisation, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, increased vascularisation, fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, and smooth muscle hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy. Several of these structural changes are increasingly thought to play a role in airway dysfunction in asthma 1.

While the concept that most, if not all, components of airway wall remodelling develop as a result of ongoing inflammatory events seems entirely plausible, direct support for this is relatively sparse in asthma literature. Moreover, this is not an easy issue to address experimentally, as by the time patients present to their physician and are diagnosed with asthma, they usually display markers of airway remodelling processes similar to those in patients with long-standing asthma 2. Thus, …
How to prevent steroid induced osteoporosis
Authors: P N Sambrook
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The first choice for prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis is a potent oral bisphosphonate-for example, alendronate or risedronate. Intravenous bisphosphonates should be considered for patients intolerant of the oral route. For patients receiving chronic low dose corticosteroids treatment with calcium and vitamin D may prevent further bone loss. Use of parathyroid hormone is promising.
Three-Year Follow-Up of Survival and Progression in a Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin (Plus Trastuzumab in HER2+ Patients) in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: D. Loesch, D. Loesch, L. Asmar, K. McIntyre, K. McIntyre, M. Orlando, F. Zhan, K. Boehm, J. O'Shaughnessy, J. O'Shaughnessy, J. O'Shaughnessy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: We have previously reported (Loesch, et al. Clin Breast Cancer, 2008) the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine and carboplatin with or without trastuzumab in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We now report time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) after up to 3.5 years of extended follow-up.Patients and Methods: Patients were stratified into 3 groups at registration; Group 1: HER2 positive (+) regardless of prior taxane; Group 2: HER2 negative (–) and taxane naïve or remote (no taxanes within the past 2 years); and Group 3: HER2– and taxane pretreated. Women ≥18 years of age, with ECOG performance status 0-2, with RECIST-defined measurable disease, and either HER2– or HER2+ (3+ score) by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization were enrolled. Treatment: Day 1 gemcitabine 1500 mg/m2 over 30 minutes followed by carboplatin AUC=2.5 repeated every 14 days up to Cycle 9. Group 1 also received trastuzumab 8 mg/kg in Cycle 1 followed by 4 mg/kg in Cycles 2-9, followed thereafter by 6 mg/kg every 21 days until progression or intolerable toxicity.Results: A total of 150 patients were registered (50, 51, and 49 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Median follow-up for surviving patients, calculated from registration, was 31.3, 27.1, and 25.4 months, respectively. Median TTP (calculated as progression-free survival), was 7.2, 5.6, and 4.6 months, respectively. Median OS (range) has not been reached for Group 1 (range, 1.2-46.9); for Group 2 was 21.7 months (&amp;lt;1-44.3); and, for Group 3 was 11.9 months (&amp;lt;1-33.6). At 24-months, survival rates were 73.3%, 41.4%, and 20.5%, respectively; at 36-months, survival rates were 60.6%, 25.7%, and ≤8.3%, respectively. For Group 1 only, the remaining 3 responding patients were followed for 3.5 years, at which time they were relapse-free.Conclusions: Gemcitabine plus carboplatin with or without trastuzumab has been shown to be highly active in metastatic breast cancer. HER2+ patients receiving trastuzumab had the highest TTP and survival rates of all treatment groups. As expected, taxane-pretreated patients had shortened TTP and decreased OS rates compared to taxane-naïve patients.Research support was provided, in part, by Lilly USA, LLC; Indianapolis, IN. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2105.
Functional Attributes of Mucosal Immunity in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Effects of HIV Infection
Authors: Akiko Kobayashi, Ruth M. Greenblatt, Kathryn Anastos, Howard Minkoff, Leslie S. Massad, Mary Young, Alexandra M. Levine, Teresa M. Darragh, Vivian Weinberg, Karen K. Smith-McCune
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The role of mucosal immunity in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical diseases is poorly understood. To characterize the local immune microenvironment in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 and determine the effects of HIV infection, we compared samples from three groups: normal cervix, CIN 2/3 from immunocompetent women (HIV− CIN 2/3), and CIN 2/3 from HIV seropositive women (HIV+ CIN 2/3). CIN 2/3 lesions contained increased numbers of immune cells from both the acquired and innate arms of the immune response in stroma [CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, macrophages, mast cells, B cells, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells] and dysplastic epithelium (CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and NK cells). Immune cells in CIN 2/3 expressed activation markers, as measured by interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and transcription factor T bet. Interferon-γ production was significantly up-regulated in CIN lesions and was expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells, indicating the activation of immune cells. Abundant presence of transforming growth factor-β+ CD25+ cells in the infiltrates associated with CIN lesions, and of immature CD1a+ dendritic cells expressing IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β, indicate that CIN is associated with an influx of immune cells that produce a mixture of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines. In HIV+ CIN, immune cell densities (CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells) and expression of interferon-γ were significantly decreased compared with HIV− CIN. Regulatory cytokines were also down-regulated in this group. Therefore, both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses present in CIN 2/3 lesions are suppressed in HIV-seropositive women.
Rebuttal from Authors re: Peter Albers. Quality Criteria of Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy. Eur Urol. 2007;51:1481–2
Authors: Michael Muntener, Edward M. Schaeffer, Matthew E. Nielsen, Frederico R. Romero, Mohamad E. Allaf, Fabio Augusto R. Brito, Christian P. Pavlovich, Louis R. Kavoussi, Thomas W. Jarrett
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Features of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Congenital yphics Heart Disease
Authors: Alfred R. Hale
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT IS OF INTEREST to know whether noncardiac congenital differences are associated with congenital cardiovascular defects. This report deals with certain variants of the palmar dermatoglyphics which are frequently associated with congenital lesions of the heart. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> A total of 287 pairs of palm prints was analyzed; 157 patients had congenital defects of the heart and 143 patients had acquired heart disease. The majority of patients attended the Cardiac Clinic at the Charity Hospital. No attempt was made to select any specific type of congenital heart lesion, nor were patients excluded with congenital diseases other than those of the cardiovascular system. The palmar dermatoglyphics were analyzed according to the methods of Cummins and Midlo.<sup>1</sup>The characteristics studied were (1) the axial triradii, (2) the interdigital patterns, and (3) the thenar and hypothenar patterns. Finger patterns and plantar dermatoglyphics were not examined. <h3>Results</h3> The data showed a significant