tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility and prognostic value of left atrial volume assessment by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ankur Gulati, Tevfik F. Ismail, Andrew Jabbour, Nizar A. Ismail, Kishen Morarji, Aamir Ali, Sadaf Raza, Jahanzaib Khwaja, Tristan D.H. Brown, Emmanouil Liodakis, Arun J. Baksi, Rameen Shakur, Kaushik Guha, Michael Roughton, Ricardo Wage, Stuart A. Cook, Francisco Alpendurada, Ravi G. Assomull, Raad H. Mohiaddin, Martin R. Cowie, Dudley J. Pennell, Sanjay K. Prasad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
An assessment of the risks of carcinogenicity associated with polyhydroxyalkanoates through an analysis of DNA aneuploid and telomerase activity
Authors: Si-Wu Peng, Xiao-Yong Guo, Guan-Guan Shang, Jian Li, Xian-Yi Xu, Ming-Liang You, Ping Li, Guo-Qiang Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The role of national agencies in the managed introduction of new drugs for arthritis
Authors: K Simister
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

The role of the various agencies involved in the managed introduction of new drugs in the United Kingdom is discussed, particularly with regard to the work of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). The process by which the National Health Service in the UK identifies key new drug technologies of major clinical, financial and service significance is discussed. This includes the decision making process for selection of products for appraisal by NICE. The appraisal procedure and the impact of NICE guidance for the NHS will, it is hoped, encourage quality in clinical practice. All healthcare systems face budgetary constraints and the introduction of new technologies bring particular challenges. The launch of the new biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, into a speciality where previously relatively inexpensive agents were prescribed, raises questions concerning managed introduction and re-imbursement.
Problems of alimentary bleeding.
Authors: F. A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1969)

This lecture is a commentary on diagnosis and management of acute alimentary bleeding, with special reference to the problems of the less common causes.It is based on the experience of treating over 4,000 cases admitted to the two gastroenterological wards at the Central Middlesex Hospital.Acute and chronic peptic ulcer accounted for about 80% of the admissions.The remainder included: hiatus hernia (2-3 %), portal hypertension (2-7%), carcinoma of the stomach (2 5 %), Mallory-Weiss syndrome (3 %), and about 40 different un- common causes (5 2%), with a residue of acute bleeds of uncertain origin.
Altered calcium transient and development of hypertrophy in <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor overexpressing mice with and without pressure overload
Authors: Bettina Schwarz, Elodie Percy, Xiao‐Ming Gao, Anthony M. Dart, Gert Richardt, Xiao‐Jun Du
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
Epidemiology of Single-Unit Transfusion
Authors: Richard L. Reece
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The transfusion practices of an 850-bed community hospital are reviewed from Jan 1, 1962, through Jan 1, 1963. Twenty-nine percent (855 of 2,921) transfused patients received a single unit of whole blood or packed red blood cells. Eighty-two percent of single-unit transfusions were given to women, and 93% were related to surgical or obstetric situations. In patients undergoing common operative procedures, 62% had normal vital signs and hematocrit readings before transfusion. Sixty-seven percent of all patients had normal hematocrit readings prior to transfusion. One third of the single-unit transfusions were considered justified, and two thirds were regarded as questionable or unnecessary.
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: W. N. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Merced, Cal., Dec. 27, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Replying to Dr. Caldwell, will say I have tested the antiseptic treatment of Dr. Woodbridge sufficiently to convince me of its great value. I have been unable, so far, to carry out this treatment<i>exclusively</i>from beginning to end of case, for various reasons, but the results obtained in the way I used it, convince me of its superiority. Then it appeals to the<i>reason</i>; it not only destroys the bacilli but carries them off, and by giving large quantities of water we have an (almost) antiseptic irrigation of the tniestines.
Systemic use of a new retinoid with and without local dithranol treatment in generalized psoriasis
Authors: C.E. Orfanos, U. Runne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Systemic use of a new retinoid with and without local dithranol treatment in generalized psoriasis Get access C.E. Orfanos, C.E. Orfanos Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Runne U. Runne Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 95, Issue 1, 1 July 1976, Pages 101–103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15541.x Published: 01 July 1976
Functional and physicochemical studies of hemoglobin St. Louis beta 28 (B10) Leu replaced by Gln: a variant with ferric beta heme iron.
Authors: J Thillet, M Cohen-Solal, M Seligmann, J Rosa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Studies have been performed on a 20-yr-old man exhibiting methemoglobinemia and a severe hemolytic anemia involving formation of Heinz bodies. This condition was due to an abnormal Hb present in the red cells of the proband: Hb St. Louis, beta 28 (B10) replaced by Gln, whose structural characteristics have been previously reported. This unstable Hb represented 30% of the total and was isolated by starch block electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Electrophoretic and spectral studies showed Hb St. Louis to be a valency hybird, alpha 2 beta 2+. The presence of hemichrome in this Hb was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance studies. During this study, an electrophoretic technique was developed that allows study of the mobility of hemichrome. Oxygen equilibria performed on purified Hb St. Louis revealed a high oxygen affinity and a markedly reduced cooperativity. The Bohr effect was normal, but the interaction of this hemoglobin with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was decreased. The oxidation rate of Hb St. Louis was normal. Hb St. Louis was completely reduced by dithionite and ferrous citrate, and the functional properties of this reduced form were normal. In contrast, Hb St. Louis was only partially reduced by diaphorase. The mechanism of the oxidation of Hb St. Louis therefore appears to differ markedly from that postulated for other Hbs M.
Myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor function during the development of pacing-induced heart failure.
Authors: K Kiuchi, R P Shannon, K Komamura, D J Cohen, C Bianchi, C J Homcy, S F Vatner, D E Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The development of pacing-induced heart failure was studied in chronically instrumented, conscious dogs paced at a rate of 240 beats/min for 1 d (n = 6), 1 wk (n = 6), and 3-4 wk (n = 7). Left ventricular (LV) dP/dt was decreased (P < 0.0125) at 1 d, LV end-diastolic pressure and heart rate were increased (P < 0.0125) at 1 wk, but clinical signs of heart failure were only observed after 3-4 wk of pacing. Plasma norepinephrine rose (P < 0.0125) after 1 d of pacing, whereas LV norepinephrine was reduced (P < 0.0125) only after 3-4 wk of pacing. Both the fraction of beta-adrenergic receptors binding agonist with high affinity and adenylyl cyclase activity decreased (P < 0.0125) after 1 d of pacing. Total beta-adrenergic receptor density was not changed at any time point, but beta 1-adrenergic receptor density was decreased (P < 0.0125) after 1 wk. The functional activity of the guanine nucleotide binding protein, Gs, was not reduced, but the Gi alpha 2 isoform of the alpha subunit of the GTP-inhibitory protein rose after 3-4 wk of pacing. Thus, myocardial beta-adrenergic signal transduction undergoes change shortly (1d) after the initiation of pacing, before heart failure develops. The mechanism of beta-adrenergic receptor dysfunction in pacing-induced heart failure is characterized initially by elevated plasma levels of catecholamines, uncoupling of beta-adrenergic receptors, and a defect in the adenylyl cyclase catalytic unit. Selective down-regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors, increases in Gi alpha 2, and decreases in myocardial catecholamine levels occur as later events.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura in an elderly patient with unusual manifestation
Authors: N. Uza, S. Yazumi, K. Tanabe, Y. Endo, Y. Kodama, Y. Matsumura, H. Sakashita, T. Chiba
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

An 81-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with hematochezia and ascites, but with no abdominal pain or skin rash. Colonoscopy revealed a circumferential ulcer with marked edema in the terminal ileum (Figure [1 ] a). Duodenoscopy also showed multiple ulcers in the duodenum (Figure [1 ] b). Histological examination of biopsy specimens indicated nonspecific inflammation. Paracentesis yielded hemorrhagic fluid, with no malignant cells and no growth of pathogens. A definite diagnosis could not be established initially, and the patient was treated conservatively.
Highly electronegative LDL from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction triggers platelet activation and aggregation
Authors: Hua-Chen Chan, Liang-Yin Ke, Chih-Sheng Chu, An-Sheng Lee, Ming-Yi Shen, Miguel A. Cruz, Jing-Fang Hsu, Kai-Hung Cheng, Hsiu-Chuan Bonnie Chan, Jonathan Lu, Wen-Ter Lai, Tatsuya Sawamura, Sheng-Hsiung Sheu, Jeng-Hsien Yen, Chu-Huang Chen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Influenza: Notes on a Recent Epidemic at James Murray's Royal Asylum, Perth
Authors: F. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1892)

Out of 50 inguinal colotomies: 36 inguinal ordinary o era- tions, 14 supplementary operations; 17 mesentery was tong 25 mesentery was medium length, 8 mesentery was short; 9 cases was no spur; 17 prolapse took place; 5 out of the 17 from upper end alone, 6 out of the 17 from lower end alone, 6 out of the 17 from both ends together.The gut was twisted when fixed up, so that the bowels acted from the lower of the two openings in 7 out of 50 cases.7. The Result of the Operation and the After-Duration of Life.-The results of inguinal colotomy may be divided into several classes.If the patient lives for fourteen days after the operation he may be said to have recovered from the effect of the operation pure and simple, as in inguinal colotomy gener- ally the wounds heal quickly.As a matter of fact, the dura- tion of life is very difficult to ascertain, for patients often go away, and there is therefore no possibility of learning whether they have died speedily or have lived for a considerable period.Applying the fourteen days' limit, I have lost only 2 cases, namely, Cases 21 and 32.In Case 21 the mesentery was very short, and there was
New regression equations for predicting peak expiratory flow in adults.
Authors: A. J. Nunn, I. Gregg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

An earlier study of peak expiratory flow (PEF) in normal adults contained too few men aged over 55 and women aged over 65 for the regression equations to be used for prediction in older people. A subsequent study was therefore carried out on an additional 23 men and 29 women aged 55 or over who were lifelong non-smokers and satisfied the same strict criteria of normality that had been used in the original study. The data from both studies were combined and a new model used to calculate equations for the regression of PEF on age and height in the two sexes. With this model predicted values could be derived for men and women aged between 15 and 85. These new equations gave predicted values in men and women aged less than 55 and 65, respectively, which were almost identical with those reported previously. The new regression equations for PEF enable values to be predicted for people aged 15-85 and so enhance the accuracy of testing in the elderly.
Clinical Lecture on the Germs and Vestiges of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: H. Dobell
Journal: BMJ (1865)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Clinical Lecture on the Germs and Vestiges of Rheumatic Fever Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
A prospective evaluation of the factors affecting the response to interferon treatment in patients with chronic non A non B hepatitis
Authors: F. Lunel, P. Guivarch, D. Valla, M. Marques, A. Deville-Chabrolle, P. Grippon, O. Bousquet, V.G. Levy, P. Opolon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
The Pathogenesis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bill Giannakopoulos, Steven A. Krilis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The antiphospholipid syndrome is a prothrombotic disorder associated with autoantibodies. It is associated with obstetrical complications (mainly spontaneous abortion) as well as venous and arterial thrombotic risks. Insights into disease mechanisms have led to new therapies.
PTSD Symptoms in Bosnian Refugees 1 Year After Resettlement in the United States
Authors: Stevan M. Weine, Dolores Vojvoda, Daniel F. Becker, Thomas H. McGlashan, Emir Hodzic, Dori Laub, Leslie Hyman, Marie Sawyer, Steven Lazrove
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The authors' goal was to describe the characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on resettlement in the United States and at 1-year follow-up among Bosnian refugees as well as possible factors affecting the PTSD symptom profile among these refugees.They used standardized instruments to assess 34 Bosnian refugees for PTSD at resettlement in the United States and 1 year later.Fifteen of the refugees were diagnosed with PTSD at 1-year follow-up, compared with 25 at initial assessment. The average PTSD severity score at follow-up was 12.5, compared with 20.6 at initial assessment. At 1-year follow-up, 25 of the refugees experienced a decrease in severity of PTSD symptoms, one remained the same, and eight experienced an increase in severity. Older refugees were significantly more likely to have PTSD than younger refugees, and older refugees had more severe symptoms.The level of PTSD diagnosis and symptoms in Bosnian refugees remained substantial 1 year after their resettlement in the United States, although there were notable overall decreases. Older refugees appeared to be at greater risk.
Autoimmune Antibodies in Infantile Cirrhosis
Authors: P. Prasad
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BDIBL'NoRNAL 1031_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA for the production of a thromboembolic disorder as a side-effect of oral contraceptive drugs and one of these factors might be a primary " endothelial defect."This is conjecture, but these two cases underline the need for careful observation of women using oral contraceptive drugs.However, we would emphasize that in the two cases reported we are merely drawing attention to thromboembolic disease occurring in association with the use of oral contraceptive drugs without suggesting anv definite causal relationship. SummaryTwo cases are reported of thrombotic or thromboembolic disease occurring in women who had been taking oral contraceptive drugs.The first case presented as haemoptysis and pleurisy.The clinical and radio- logical course was one of multiple pulmonary infarcts responding to anticoagulant therapy after a severe and potentially fatal illness.There was no obvious peripheral souLrce for emboli and no previous history of thrombo- phlebitis.She had taken " conovid " for one month for contraceptive purposes.Case 2 had a thrombophlebitis in the veins of the left leg with several short episodes of chest pain and dyspnoea suggestive of pulmonary embolism.She had a history of previous attacks of thrombophlebitis following late puerperal venous thrombosis in the left leg in 1959.She had been given " enavid " for menstrual disturbance.The only other feature common to both cases was that they had suffered from rheumatic fever in childhood, but there was no evidence of cardiac sequelae.ADDENDUM.-Since the above case histories were written both women have been discharged from hospital.Case 1 had developed a localized effusion at the right base before discharge.It extended up into the greater fissure and is slowly clearing.Case 2 now has a mild recurrence of thrombophlebitis in the left leg 25 days after cessation of anticoagulant therapy on September 6.
Hemorrhagic Proctitis Due to Lymphogranuloma Venereum Serogroup L2
Authors: Stephen A. Klotz, David J. Drutz, Milton R. Tam, Kevin H. Reed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Definitive diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum is impeded by difficulty in culturing the causative agent and by serologic cross-reactivity between Chlamydia trachomatis L1, L2, and L3, which can cause the disease, and the many other serotypes of C. trachomatis, which do not. In a 23-year-old man with massive rectal bleeding, an exudative rectal ulcer, and inguinal lymphadenopathy, serologic findings were compatible with a recent lymphogranuloma venereum infection, but stains and cultures of lymph-node aspirates were negative, and biopsy specimens of the rectum and lymph nodes showed only nonspecific inflammatory changes. A diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum was made when intracellular organisms and inclusion bodies were demonstrated in rectal submucosal tissue by fluorescein-tagged monoclonal antibodies directed against both chlamydial group antigens and L2 serotype antigen. This technique was of particular value in this patient because it specifically identified an unusual cause of severe gastrointestinal bleeding.
Failure to Rescue Patients After Reintervention in Gastroesophageal Cancer Surgery in England
Authors: Alex M. Almoudaris, Ravikrishna Mamidanna, Alex Bottle, Paul Aylin, Charles Vincent, Omar Faiz, George B. Hanna
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3>Gastroesophageal cancer resections are associated with significant reintervention and perioperative mortality rates.<h3>Objective</h3>To compare outcomes following operative and nonoperative reinterventions between high- and low-mortality gastroesophageal cancer surgical units in England.<h3>Design</h3>All elective esophageal and gastric resections for cancer between 2000 and 2010 in English public hospitals were identified from a national administrative database. Units were divided into low- and high-mortality units (LMUs and HMUs, respectively) using a threshold of 5% or less for 30-day adjusted mortality. The groups were compared for reoperations and nonoperative reinterventions following complications.<h3>Setting</h3>Both LMUs and HMUs.<h3>Participants</h3>Patients who underwent esophageal and gastric resections for cancer.<h3>Exposure</h3>Elective esophageal and gastric resections for cancer, with reoperations and nonoperative reinterventions following complications.<h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3>Failure to rescue is defined as the death of a patient following a complication; failure to rescue–surgical is defined as the death of a patient following reoperation for a surgical complication.<h3>Results</h3>There were 14 955 esophagectomies and 10 671 gastrectomies performed in 141 units. For gastroesophageal resections combined, adjusted mortality rates were 3.0% and 8.3% (P &lt; .001) for LMUs and HMUs, respectively. Complications rates preceding reoperation were similar (5.4% for LMUs vs 4.9% for HMUs; P = .11). The failure to rescue–surgical rates were lower in LMUs than in HMUs (15.3% vs 24.1%; P &lt; .001). The LMUs performed more nonoperative reinterventions than the HMUs did (6.7% vs 4.7%; P &lt; .001), with more patients surviving in LMUs than in HMUs (failure to rescue rate, 7.0% vs 12.5%; P &lt; .001). Overall, LMUs reintervened more than HMUs did (12.2% vs 9.6%; P &lt; .001), and LMUs had lower failure to rescue rates following reintervention than HMUs did (9.0% vs 18.3%; P = .001). All P values stated refer to 2-sided values.<h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3>Overall, LMUs were more likely to reintervene and rescue patients following gastroesophageal cancer resections in England. Patients were more likely to survive following both reoperations and nonsurgical interventions in LMUs.
Lack of political will is a clinical issue
Authors: T. Meguid
Journal: BMJ (2009)

> “Medicine is a social science, and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale”
> 
> Rudolf Virchow, founder of social medicine
When we conduct verbal autopsies in the context of maternal deaths we try to uncover the “real” story behind the biological story.1 We try to understand not only how but also why this particular pregnant woman had a cardiopulmonary arrest.

The “why” question is more important and relevant than the clinical question of how an otherwise relatively healthy but pregnant woman dies.2 Although it is important to know the clinical aspects of the more than 500 000 deaths of women during pregnancy and childbirth every year,3 it is more important to understand why a poor woman has a 1 in 13 chance of dying in childbirth while a rich woman has a 1 in 4100 chance.4 In medieval5 and later times6 in Europe a woman had an estimated 1 in 7 to 1 in 10 chance of dying in pregnancy and childbirth, the same as in some poor countries today.4

There are many reasons why we healthcare workers shy away from the “why” questions. One is the feeling of uncertainty as to the truth of our proposed answers; another is our feeling of impotence when we realise that we can do much less about the reasons for those deaths than about the way in which they occur.7

Effort is being made to understand the social, political, economic, legal, cultural, and other determinants of these premature deaths.8 Professionals from disciplines other than health9 are at the forefront of these efforts and are gradually being seen as brothers and sisters in arms rather than outsiders.10

These women and girls die because they are poor, voiceless, and female.11 This …
644 LIVER DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTED PERSONS WITH NORMAL SERUM ALANINE AMINO TRANSFERASE LEVEL: UPDATE FROM THE R.E.V.E.A.L.-HBV STUDY
Authors: J.D. Chen, H.I. Yang, U.H. Iloeje, S.L. You, S.N. Lu, L.Y. Wang, J. Su, C.A. Sun, P.J. Chen, Y.F. Liaw, C.J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Treatment of Hypercalcemia in Parathyroid Cancer with WR-2721,5-2(3aminopropylamino) Ethyl-Phosphorothioic Acid
Authors: DONNA J. GLOVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The chemoprotective and hypocalcemic agent WR-2721, S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethyl-phosphorothioic acid, inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro. We report the first clinical use of WR-2721 in refractory hypercalcemia secondary to parathyroid cancer. After several days of saline diuresis the patient received WR-2721, 740 mg/m2 over 15 minutes, resulting in a fall in serum calcium from 11.76 to 9.06 mg/dL within 24 hours. Serum parathyroid hormone levels decreased from 675 to 140 µLeq/mL 2 hours after the infusion was complete. When hypercalcemia recurred the patient was retreated with differing doses and infusion rates to determine the optimal method of drug administration to provide a satisfactory hypocalcemic response without adverse effects. In this patient, WR-2721 in intravenous boluses of 150 mg/m2 was effective without adverse effects. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, plasma pharmacokinetic studies showed that WR-2721 's distribution half-life is 0.55 minutes.