tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P250 Review of referrals to sleep clinics in glasgow
Authors: C Livingston, M Rouse, C O'Dowd, C Carlin, D Grieve, E Livingston
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Aim</h3> There is increasing pressure within Sleep Services in NHS GGC. To manage the service appropriately we felt that robust and evidence based referral guidance should be available for potential referrers. We sought to develop these by analysing content of current referrals to the service, to establish whether there was any link with clinic outcome. <h3>Method</h3> Referrals to sleep services were audited throughout NHSGGC for the month of November 2012. We looked for information that would be helpful in pointing toward a diagnosis of OSAS. This was; the presence of snoring, witnessed apnoeas, daytime somnolence, Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) and BMI. We also looked at the outcome of the consultation in terms of whether or not further investigation was required and whether or not the patient was discharged after the first clinic appointment. <h3>Results</h3> There were 156 referrals received. 66% were from GPs. Referral from other respiratory departments constituted 17% of referrals, from ENT departments 8%, with 9% of referrals coming from various other medical specialties. The presence of snoring was recorded in 60% of all referrals, witnessed apnoeas in 58%, daytime sleepiness in 67%, ESS in 30% and BMI in 31%. Only 55% of all referrals included 3 or more of the above pieces of information. Occupation/driving status was recorded in only 17% of all referrals. 63% of all patients went on to have a sleep study performed, with 36% being discharged after the first clinic appointment. There appeared to be a relationship between what was recorded in the referral letter and ‘clinic outcome.’ When 3 or more of snoring, witnessed apnoeas, daytime sleepiness, ESS and BMI had been recorded in the referral letter, only 19% of patients were discharged after the first clinic visit without further investigation. This figure rose to 39% when less than 3 of the above items were recorded. This trend appeared more marked specifically looking at GP referrals (20% vs 46%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This analysis of referrals would suggest that the quality of referral letters is linked to clinic outcome. Referrals containing very little information resulted in more patients being discharged directly from the clinic without investigation. Referral guidelines for general practice will hopefully improve the quality of referrals.
Combined Treatment with Erlotinib and a Transforming Growth Factor-β Type I Receptor Inhibitor Effectively Suppresses the Enhanced Motility of Erlotinib-Resistant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Masakuni Serizawa, Toshiaki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Koh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Stress echocardiography: Comparison of exercise, dipyridamole and dobutamine in detecting and predicting the extent of coronary artery disease
Authors: Armando Dagianti, Maria Penco, Luciano Agati, Susanna Sciomer, Alessandra Dagianti, Salvatore Rosanio, Francesco Fedele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
In Pakistan's earthquake zone global relief has so far failed its test
Authors: Richard Villar
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A t over 1.83 metres tall and a former soldier, I do not cry easily, yet I am certainly crying now. The reason? Frustration following Pakistan's earthquake, perhaps the biggest disaster to strike this planet in my lifetime and something that the world's largest aid effort seems powerless to relieve.

I am in the Neelam valley, east of Muzaffarabad, helping to establish two small field hospitals. At the beginning the situation was hopeless, with large numbers of disaster tourists and their cameras, each seeking the one image that could establish their careers. Then there were the tedious meetings with aid agencies from around the world. The answer was clear. The people needed action, not discussion. Today I am in the little village of Panjgiran, in the company of Ahmad, a respected local in the throes of post-traumatic stress after losing his entire family in the earthquake. It was at 8 52 am on 8 October when, unexpectedly, the ground shot vertically upwards. Within three seconds it was all over with three million homeless and to …
Finding the High-Risk Patient With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hadyn T. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Cheitlin<sup>1</sup>deserves our thanks and commendations for his recent excellent review of risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease. His proposed diagnostic algorithm is straightforward and appears very practical. However, certain aspects of Table 1 of his article, which compares the various techniques available for risk stratification, need further clarification. Positron-emitting isotopes are usually obtained from a cyclotron (charged-particle accelerator), not from a breeder reactor as stated in the table. Breeder reactors, which utilize fast neutrons to produce large amounts of electricity from uranium with high efficiency, have not been as widely used as the more familiar thermal or slow-neutron nuclear reactors. This is due to justified concerns over safety problems with the more unstable breeder reactors. Cyclotrons have been safely employed in the extensive production of radioisotopes for decades, and carry none of the meltdown risks of breeder reactors. Placing radionuclide wall motion
MRI Findings and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Colin L. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association Between 2 Angiographic Subtypes of Renal Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Sébastien Savard, Olivier Steichen, Arshid Azarine, Michel Azizi, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Pierre-François Plouin
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Initially based on histology, the diagnosis of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is now based mostly on angiographic appearance because arterial tissue samples are rarely available. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of a binary angiographic classification of FMD lesions (unifocal or multifocal) based on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance angiography. Methods and Results— Adult patients diagnosed with FMD in a single tertiary care center for hypertension management were identified by screening of electronic files. FMD lesions were reviewed and classified according to computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography as multifocal if there were at least 2 stenoses in the same arterial segment; otherwise, they were classified as unifocal. Of 337 patients with established renal artery FMD, 276 (82%) were classified as multifocal. Patients with unifocal and multifocal lesions differed significantly in median age at diagnosis of FMD (30 and 49 years) and hypertension (26 and 40 years), sex distribution (female:male ratio, 2:1 and 5:1), initial blood pressure (157/97 and 146/88 mm Hg), current smoking (50% and 26%), prevalence of unilateral renal artery lesions (79% and 38%), presence of kidney asymmetry (33% and 10%), renal revascularization procedures (90% and 35%), and hypertension cure rates in patients who underwent revascularization (54% and 26%). Conclusions— A binary angiographic classification into unifocal or multifocal renal artery FMD is straightforward and discriminates 2 groups of patients with different clinical phenotypes.
Up-regulation of the fibroblast growth factor 8 subfamily in human hepatocellular carcinoma for cell survival and neoangiogenesis
Authors: Christine Gauglhofer, Sandra Sagmeister, Waltraud Schrottmaier, Carina Fischer, Chantal Rodgarkia-Dara, Thomas Mohr, Stefan Stättner, Christoph Bichler, Daniela Kandioler, Fritz Wrba, Rolf Schulte-Hermann, Klaus Holzmann, Michael Grusch, Brigitte Marian, Walter Berger, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their high-affinity receptors [fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs)] contribute to autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation in several nonliver cancer entities. Here we report that at least one member of the FGF8 subfamily (FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18) was up-regulated in 59% of 34 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples that we investigated. The levels of the corresponding receptors (FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4) were also elevated in the great majority of the HCC cases. Overall, 82% of the HCC cases showed overexpression of at least one FGF and/or FGFR. The functional implications of the deregulated FGF/FGFR system were investigated by the simulation of an insufficient blood supply. When HCC-1.2, HepG2, or Hep3B cells were subjected to serum withdrawal or the hypoxia-mimetic drug deferoxamine mesylate, the expression of FGF8 subfamily members increased dramatically. In the serum-starved cells, the incidence of apoptosis was elevated, whereas the addition of FGF8, FGF17, or FGF18 impaired apoptosis, which was associated with phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and ribosomal protein S6. In contrast, down-modulation of FGF18 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the viability of the hepatocarcinoma cells. siRNA targeting FGF18 also impaired the cells' potential to form clones at a low cell density or in soft agar. With respect to the tumor microenvironment, FGF17 and FGF18 stimulated the growth of HCC-derived myofibroblasts, and FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 induced the proliferation and tube formation of hepatic endothelial cells. Conclusion: FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 are involved in autocrine and paracrine signaling in HCC and enhance the survival of tumor cells under stress conditions, malignant behavior, and neoangiogenesis. Thus, the FGF8 subfamily supports the development and progression of hepatocellular malignancy. (Hepatology 2011)
SREBP-2 regulates gut peptide secretion through intestinal bitter taste receptor signaling in mice
Authors: Tae-Il Jeon, Bing Zhu, Jarrod L. Larson, Timothy F. Osborne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Bitter taste-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (type 2 taste receptors [T2Rs]) are expressed in taste receptor cells of the tongue, where they play an important role in limiting ingestion of bitter-tasting, potentially toxic compounds. T2Rs are also expressed in gut-derived enteroendocrine cells, where they have also been hypothesized to play a role in limiting toxin absorption. In this study, we have shown that T2R gene expression in both cultured mouse enteroendocrine cells and mouse intestine is regulated by the cholesterol-sensitive SREBP-2. In addition, T2R stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion was enhanced directly by SREBP-2 in cultured cells and in mice fed chow supplemented with lovastatin and ezetimibe (L/E) to decrease dietary sterol absorption and increase nuclear activity of SREBP-2. Low-cholesterol diets are naturally composed of high amounts of plant matter that is likely to contain dietary toxins, and CCK is known to improve dietary absorption of fats, slow gastric emptying, and decrease food intake. Thus, these studies suggest that SREBP-2 activation of bitter signaling receptors in the intestine may sensitize the gut to a low-fat diet and to potential accompanying food-borne toxins that make it past the initial aversive response in the mouth.
Lipolysis during fasting. Decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine.
Authors: M D Jensen, M W Haymond, J E Gerich, P E Cryer, J M Miles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

These studies were designed to determine whether the insulin resistance of fasting extends to its antilipolytic effects and whether fasting enhances the lipolytic effects of adrenergic stimulation independent of changes in plasma hormone and substrate concentrations. Palmitate flux was determined isotopically ([1-14C]palmitate) before and during epinephrine infusion in normal volunteers after a 14-h (day 1) and an 84-h (day 4) fast. Using a pancreatic clamp, constant plasma hormone and glucose concentrations were achieved on both study days in seven subjects. Six subjects were infused with saline and served as controls. During the pancreatic clamp, palmitate flux was greater (P less than 0.01) on day 4 than day 1, despite similar plasma insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose concentrations. The lipolytic response to epinephrine was greater (P less than 0.05) on day 4 than day 1 in both groups of subjects. In conclusion, lipolysis during fasting is less completely suppressed by insulin and more readily stimulated by epinephrine.
The Smith-Petersen Nail
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Unfortunately we do have cases in which threaded Knowles pins, wood screws, and other devices have been used, with essentially the same results seen in this article. Therefore, I see no reason to change my statement that the choice of a fixation device is less important than the skill with which it is employed. My experience with the problem of the slipped capital femoral epiphysis may not be so great as that of others, but I have not found adequate reasons for discarding the proper use of a ground-down and sharpened Smith-Petersen nail. (In the case presented, a normal-sized Smith-Petersen nail was used.) I have no quarrel with the use of any device or method, provided its damage to the head is minimized (there is always some damage done to the head regardless of the surgeon or the apparatus). The extent of the original displacement and the
Studies in Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: STANFORD WESSLER, LESLIE E. MORRIS, CAROL HO, JOAN MORAN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A method has been previously described whereby the infusion of canine serun and serum fractions rich in convertin, but essentially devoid of thromboplastin, prothrombin, ac-globulin and thrombin, initiates venous thrombosis in dogs at sites of partial or complete venous stasis far removed from the site of infusion. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis in various clinical states may be referable to local stasis combined with a transient increase in circulating convertin activity. The present study demonstrates that heparin is superior to dicumarol in inhibiting the evolution of such serum-induced intravascular thrombi in dogs.
Abstract LB-331: Effective chemoimmunotherapy with anti-TGFβ antibody and cyclophosphamide on a mouse model of breast cancer.
Authors: Xin Chen, Yuan Yang, Qiong Zhou, O.M.Zack Howard, John McPherson, Lalage Wakefield, Joost J. Oppenheim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Elimination of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) has become an important strategy of cancer immunotherapy. It was reported that TGFβ is responsible for accumulation of Tregs in tumor. Thus, we treated mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma model with 1D11 (0.1 mg/mouse), a neutralizing antibody of TGFβ(1,2,3). The treatment delayed growth of primary tumor, however, unexpectedly increased the proportion of FoxP3+ Tregs present in the intratumoral CD4 cells. In order to enhance the anti-tumor effect, 1D11 was administered with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (4 mg/mouse), a chemotherapeutic agent which was previously shown to selectively eliminate intratumoral TNFR2+ Tregs. This combination, but not the therapeutics by themselves, resulted in tumor-free long term survival of up to 80% of mice, and those tumor free mice were more resistant to re-challenge with 4T1 tumor. In order to examine the phenotype of tumor infiltrating immune cells, 4T1 tumor bearing mice were treated with 1D11 and a lower dose of cyclophosphamide (2 mg/mouse). This treatment markedly inhibited tumor growth, accompanied by a massive infiltration by IFNγ-producing T cells. Furthermore, this combination markedly decreased the number of splenic MDSCs, and increased their expression levels of MHC II and CD80. Taken together, our data show that anti-TGFβ Ab and cyclophosphamide represents a novel chemoimmunotherapeutic combination which may prove useful in the treatment of human cancer patients.(Funded by NCI Contract HHSN261200800001E) Citation Format: Xin Chen, Yuan Yang, Qiong Zhou, O.M.Zack Howard, John McPherson, Lalage Wakefield, Joost J. Oppenheim. Effective chemoimmunotherapy with anti-TGFβ antibody and cyclophosphamide on a mouse model of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-331. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-331 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Molecular Neurobiology of the Mammalian Brain
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

It used to be said that the human brain was impossible to study because it was encased in bone. Today we might say that it is encased in a wall or plethora of knowledge. The postwar information explosion concerning the CNS has no precedent in medical history. Symptomatic of this factual bombardment is the meteoric rise of the Society for Neuroscience to 5,600 members from the time of its inception in 1970. The phenomenon exists principally in North America, Europe, and Japan. Conscious of this massive expansion of interest in neuroscience, the authors have set out to make the mammalian nervous system accessible to students, teachers, researchers, and practitioners insofar as its main characteristics are concerned. Seventy-five years ago, Sherrington could write his classic on<i>The Integrative Action of the Nervous System</i>. The present authors have written an integrative volume on man's knowledge of the CNS. As a review volume,
Human herpesvirus-like nucleic acid in various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Y.Q. Huang, J.J. Li, W.C. Zhang, D. Feiner, A.E. Friedman-Kien, M.H. Kaplan, B. Poiesz, Ke Katabira
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

The association between a new human herpesvirus-like agent and various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma was examined by PCR. The DNA sequences of this agent were detected in 7 of 8 classic Kaposi's sarcoma specimens, 12 of 12 AIDS-associated specimens from the United States, and 7 of 10 specimens from African endemic Kaposi's sarcoma. Polymorphism of the herpesvirus-like DNA in the Kaposi's tissue from different populations was observed by both single-strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing. Furthermore, the presence and expression of the virus was detected in some Kaposi's tumours by Southern and northern blotting. This herpesvirus may be involved in the pathogenesis of different kinds of Kaposi's sarcoma seen among distinct and unrelated populations.
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is an endogenous vasoconstrictor of canine renal arcuate arteries.
Authors: Y H Ma, D Gebremedhin, M L Schwartzman, J R Falck, J E Clark, B S Masters, D R Harder, R J Roman
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Recent studies have indicated that renal arteries can produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and suggest the potential involvement of a P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid in the myogenic activation of canine renal arteries. In the present study, the effects of 20-HETE on isolated canine renal arcuate arteries were studied. Administration of 20-HETE to the bath or the lumen at concentrations of 0.01-1 microM produced a graded reduction in the diameter of these vessels. In contrast, 19(R)-HETE was a vasodilator, whereas 19(S)-HETE was relatively inactive. The vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE was not altered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, endoperoxide/thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ29548, or combined blockade of the cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and P450 pathways using indomethacin, baicalein, and 7-ethoxyresorufin. The response to 20-HETE was associated with depolarization and a sustained increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in renal vascular smooth muscle cells. Patch-clamp studies indicated that 20-HETE significantly reduced mean open time, the open-state probability, and the frequency of opening of a 117-pS K+ channel recorded from renal vascular smooth muscle cells in the cell-attached mode. Microsomes prepared from the renal cortex of dogs produced 20-HETE and 20-carboxyarachidonic acid when incubated with [14C]arachidonic acid. These results indicate that 20-HETE is an endogenous constrictor of canine renal arcuate arteries. The vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE resembles the myogenic activation of these vessels after elevations in transmural pressure and suggests a potential role for this substance in the regulation of renal vascular tone.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;An Architect's Table&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Closure of Royal Hospital Haslar is necessary
Authors: J A Baird
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The new strategy for the defence medical services announced at the end of last year shows the importance attached to the medical support of the armed forces. The strategy is the outcome of a series of in-depth studies and reviews, and the implementation of a wide range of proposals is now well under way. We are already seeing improved recruiting.

In the light of this it is disappointing to read Fulford's letter prompted by the Ministry …
Punishing for your own good: The case of reputation-based cooperation
Authors: Claudio Tennie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Contrary to Guala, I claim that several mechanisms can explain punishment in humans. Here I focus on reputation-based cooperation – and I explore how it can lead to punishment under situations that may or may not be perceived as being anonymous. Additionally, no particular mechanism stands out in predicting an excess of punishment under constrained lab conditions.