tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT OR ALEXIN
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Manfred Mayer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. A modified method is given for the titration of human complement so that C'1 titers are measured, as in guinea pig serum, instead of the C'2 titers yielded by the usual titration. 2. The measurement of complement combining component or components in weight units, instead of relative terms, is carried out as in guinea pig serum and leads to similar values, 0.03 to 0.05 mg. of C' N per ml. of human serum. 3. Other similarities in human and guinea pig complements are noted and discussed.
Epithelium, microcirculation, and eosinophils – new aspects of the allergic airway <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: C. G. A. Persson, J. S. Erjefält, M. Andersson, I. Erjefält, L. Greiff, M. Korsgren, M. Linden, F. Sundler, C. Svensson
Journal: Allergy (1997)
Descriptive Epidemiology of IDDM in Hokkaido, Japan: The Childhood IDDM Hokkaido Registry
Authors: Nobuo Matsuura, Katsuhiro Fukuda, Akimasa Okuno, Shohei Harada, Naoki Fukushima, Akemi Koike, Yoshiya Ito, Tomoyuki Hotsubo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence of IDDM with regard to sex, age, family history of diabetes, season, and 5-year period of childhood IDDM among children ages 0–14 years from a population-based epidemiological study in Hokkaido, Japan, from 1973 to 1992. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Registration of all new IDDM cases in Hokkaido was conducted by the Childhood IDDM Hokkaido Registry Study Group from 1973 to 1992. The cases were selected from among 1) patients who were admitted to the member hospitals of the study group, 2) patients who answered a questionnaire distributed to hospitals and diabetic clinics throughout Hokkaido, and 3) patients whose cases were recorded in free-treatment medical records of urban and rural districts. The case ascertainment rate was estimated to be 100%. Differences in incidence with regard to sex, age, family history of diabetes, season, and year period were analyzed by the Poisson regression analysis by GENMOD. RESULTS During the 20-year period studied, 396 cases (181 boys, 215 girls) of abruptonset IDDM were registered. Statistically significant differences in annual incidence were found according to sex (female), age (8–14 years), history (having no diabetes in family), season (spring), and 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based, long-term epidemiological study of childhood IDDM from Japan. We observed a significantly higher annual incidence (per 100,000/year) of IDDM in female subjects (1.81), older age-groups (2.25 for 8–14 years), subjects with no family history of diabetes (1.26), diabetes onset in the spring (2.20), and an increased trend over the 20 years. In addition, the heterogeneity of IDDM among Japanese children needs to be elucidated.
Points: Ovariectomy and breast cancer: did Schinzinger beat Beatson?
Authors: H. Vorherr
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Morris mentions several precipitating causes of infective endocarditis culled from the studies by Bayliss et al' 2 (25 May, p 1532).I would like to draw attention to an important and often forgotten route of introduction of sepsis in patients at risk in hospitals- from intravenous drip or venepuncture sites. 3Recently, we saw two children aged 11 and 12 who presented with relapse of their rheumatic fever with flitting arthralgia, pericardial rubs, and fever.These symptoms subsided on aspirin and bed rest but a week later a high swinging fever was noted, with changing heart murmurs and evidence of heart failure in one case.One of the blood cultures subsequently grew a penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.The child died despite high dose intravenous penicillin, cefuroxime, and cloxacillin.In the second case no pathogens were grown despite repeated blood cultures, but the fever was later controlled with cefuroxime, cloxacillin, and gentamycin.The most likely site of entry of the organism was through the drip site, where both children had developed mild cellulitis, and neither had received any antibiotics.Poorly cleaned venepuncture sites for routine blood investigations were another possible site of entry.Routine setting up of drips in casualty is a common practice and is often far from being an aseptic procedure.Those who practise this must realise that it is not without risk, especially to patients with valvular heart disease.We believe that care with cleaning the drip site with iodine, introduction of the intravenous cannula by an aseptic technique, and regular change of drip sites before cellulitis sets in are the best ways of preventing infective endocarditis in patients at risk.
Lipid and Carbohydrate Studies in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: HERMAN L. FALSETTI, J. DAVID SCHNATZ, DAIVD G. GREENE, IVAN L. BUNNELL
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Twenty-seven patients with arteriographically proved coronary artery disease, aged 27 to 59 years, were studied for abnormalities of lipid or carbohydrate metabolism. All patients were referred because of cardiac symptoms and none had any prior history of lipid or carbohydrate abnormality. Twenty-three patients were found to have some abnormality of carbohydrate or lipid metabolism, and four had none. Seventeen patients had an abnormal lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern, 12 had elevated serum cholesterol concentrations, and 15 elevated serum triglyceride values. Eighteen patients had an abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism, 11 as determined on standard glucose tolerance tests and seven on cortisone glucose tolerance tests. These abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were not related to age or ponderal-index ratio. This high incidence of carbohydrate and lipid abnormalities in association with coronary artery disease may be important in the pathogenesis of the vascular disease as well as management of these patients and their progeny.
Bioethics: A Return to Fundamentals
Authors: Chris Hackler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Medical Writings15 November 1997Bioethics: A Return to FundamentalsChris Hackler, PhDChris Hackler, PhDUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, ArkansasSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Gert B, Culver CM, Clouser KD. 320 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1997. $34.95, ISBN 0195114302. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Medical ethics.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: The book will be most interesting and accessible to bioethicists and students of bioethics. It can be read with profit by professionals with little background in moral philosophy, but the rigorous and sustained philosophical argumentation may be slow going for some.Purpose: To illustrate the grounding of bioethics in our common morality by making its rules, ideals, and methods of reasoning explicit and then relating them to the fundamental concepts and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 10Page: 949-950KeywordsBehaviorBioethicsEuthanasiaHomicideInformation technologyMedical ethicsReasoningSuicide Issue Published: 15 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Altered global methylation and hydroxymethylation status in vulvar lichen sclerosus: further support for epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: T. Gambichler, S. Terras, A. Kreuter, M. Skrygan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Epigenetics refers to functionally relevant changes in the genome other than those of DNA sequence that can lead to changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype. There is evidence that epigenetics is relevant in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), as well as in cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which is frequently associated with VLS.To study the global methylation and hydroxymethylation status in healthy controls and VLS lesions before and after long-term ultraviolet (UV)A1 treatment.We studied 12 controls and 10 patients with VLS who were treated with medium-dose UVA1 four times weekly for 3 months. Immunohistochemistry and mutation analyses (polymerase chain reaction) were performed for 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) and the ten-eleven translocation (TET)2 enzyme.After 3 months of treatment, 5mC was significantly increased in VLS compared with baseline and controls. However, compared with controls 5hmC levels were significantly reduced in baseline VLS, but normalized after UVA1 treatment. Compared with controls, IDH1 expression was significantly higher in both treated and baseline VLS. By contrast, IDH2 levels were significantly reduced in baseline VLS compared with controls and UVA1-treated VLS. However, gene sequencing of the IDH1, IDH2 and TET2 genes did not reveal evidence of mutations.VLS is associated with altered expression of IDH enzymes and aberrant hydroxymethylation, indicating an epigenetic background for the pathogenesis of VLS. UVA1 phototherapy may cause normalization of 5hmC patterns, but also global DNA hypermethylation in VLS lesions, raising concerns with respect to an increased risk of photocarcinogenesis.
Patients with brain injuries.
Authors: D Sumners, J Lewin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

antibody at about six to eight weeks after the onset of illness.'6During reinfection, however, there is often no complement fixing antibody response.Cross reactions between chlamydial species-even on "type specific" microimmunofluorescent tests-may give confusing results, and detailed prolonged serological investigations may be needed to identify the causative organism.4Techniques such as DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction may prove useful,'9 but much of our current knowledge of chlamydial respiratory infection is based on microimmunofluorescent serological tests.Tetracycline and erythromycin have formed the basis of antibiotic treatment of C psittaci and C trachomatis, and these antibiotics are also effective against C pneumoniae, although prolonged treatment for 10-14 days with doses of 2 g/day may be necessary."320Ofloxacin and clarithromycin may be effective alternatives, although this supposition is based on initial laboratory tests and limited clinical experience.20The explosion of knowledge resulting from the discovery of C pneumoniae has revolutionised concepts of chlamydial respiratory infection.Research suggests that this organism may account for many cases of respiratory infection in which no pathogen is identified.Further preliminary reports suggest that C pneumonia also plays a part in asthma,2' sarcoidoSiS,22 and ischaemic heart disease.2'The limitations of current diagnostic tests, however, mean that the precise role of chlamydial infections in respiratory disease in the United Kingdom remains to be defined.
The Clinical Challenge of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Daniel Deykin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THOSE of us concerned with clinical disorders of hemostasis face problems with a wide range of urgency. Often, we are afforded the opportunity to unravel, in a logical and orderly sequence, a complex but long standing bleeding or thrombotic diathesis. We may bring to bear on such clinical problems an impressive array of sophisticated, sometimes obscure, or even arcane assay procedures. We then emerge triumphantly with a presumably definitive diagnosis and an appropriate course of therapy. On the other hand, we are also confronted with patients with acute bleeding states for whom we are required to make rapid, accurate diagnoses . . .
PCDD/PCDF indoor exposure in day-care centers and PCDD/PCDF blood concentrations of female employees.
Authors: S von Manikowsky, H Sagunski, O Päpke, K R Fabig, H Neus, M Schümann, K Spannhake, W Karmaus, N Osius, B Zier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

We determined blood concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in 41 female employees with previous exposure to pentachlorophenol-based wood preservatives from 10 day-care centers in the Hamburg, Germany, area. We compared the blood concentrations with estimated age-dependent reference values and analyzed the correlation between PCDD/PCDF indoor air exposure and blood concentrations. The analyses based on the PCDD congeners 1,2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-, and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaCDD (hexaCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD (heptaCDD), octaCDD, and the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity equivalents calculated according to the international NATO-CCMS model (I-TEQ). In comparison to the estimated reference values, the blood concentrations of hexaCDD and I-TEQ spread around the mean estimate. Data for octaCDD scattered in some cases distinctly above the upper confidence limit. Reference values for heptaCDD could not be estimated. The correlation between PCDD/PCDF indoor air exposure and PCDD/PCDF blood concentrations was examined by linear multiple regression analysis considering different exposure variables and taking confounders into account. Analyses were carried out with the total study group and with a restricted subgroup. Associations were shown between the PCDD/PCDF indoor air concentrations and blood concentrations for heptaCDD and for the I-TEQ, whereas hexaCDD showed no association. OctaCDD showed a negative association in the total study group and no association in the subgroup analysis. In summary, the analyses showed no clear association between PCDD/PCDF indoor air exposure in day-care centers and PCDD/PCDF blood levels of female employees previously exposed to wood preservatives. By contrast, the results consistently indicated a positive association between PCDD/PCDF blood concentrations and exposure to wood preservatives in private homes.
High-Mobility Group Box-1 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Heart
Authors: Martin Andrassy, Hans C. Volz, John C. Igwe, Benjamin Funke, Sebastian N. Eichberger, Ziya Kaya, Sebastian Buss, Frank Autschbach, Sven T. Pleger, Ivan K. Lukic, Florian Bea, Stefan E. Hardt, Per M. Humpert, Marco E. Bianchi, Heimo Mairbäurl, Peter P. Nawroth, Andrew Remppis, Hugo A. Katus, Angelika Bierhaus
Journal: Circulation (2008)

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear factor released by necrotic cells and by activated immune cells. HMGB1 signals via members of the toll-like receptor family and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Although HMGB1 has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver and lung, its role in I/R injury of the heart remains unclear.Here, we demonstrate that HMGB1 acts as an early mediator of inflammation and organ damage in I/R injury of the heart. HMGB1 levels were already elevated 30 minutes after hypoxia in vitro and in ischemic injury of the heart in vivo. Treatment of mice with recombinant HMGB1 worsened I/R injury, whereas treatment with HMGB1 box A significantly reduced infarct size and markers of tissue damage. In addition, HMGB1 inhibition with recombinant HMGB1 box A suggested an involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinases jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, as well as the nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB in I/R injury. Interestingly, infarct size and markers of tissue damage were not affected by administration of recombinant HMGB1 or HMGB1 antagonists in RAGE(-/-) mice, which demonstrated significantly reduced damage in reperfused hearts compared with wild-type mice. Coincubation studies using recombinant HMGB1 in vitro induced an inflammatory response in isolated macrophages from wild-type mice but not in macrophages from RAGE(-/-) mice.HMGB1 plays a major role in the early event of I/R injury by binding to RAGE, resulting in the activation of proinflammatory pathways and enhanced myocardial injury. Therefore, blockage of HMGB1 might represent a novel therapeutic strategy in I/R injury.
Involvement of chloride channels in IGF-I-induced proliferation of porcine arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: G CHENG, M KIM, G JIA, D AGRAWAL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

The existence of Cl- channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been increasingly investigated, but the biological functions are not yet clear. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I affects proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and dysregulation of this axis may be involved in atherogenesis and intimal hyperplasia. We examined the effects of Cl- channel blockers on IGF-I-induced proliferation in porcine VSMCs. The siRNA approach was used to support the role of ClC-2, a member of the volume-regulated Cl- channel family, in cell proliferation of VSMCs.The IGF-I-induced VSMC proliferation was significantly suppressed by the Cl- channel blockers NPPB and IAA94 but not by DIDS. IGF-I-induced cell proliferation parallels a significant increase in the endogenous expression of ClC-2 mRNA and protein. Inhibitors of PI3-kinase, LY294002 and wortmannin, significantly attenuated the IGF-I-upregulated ClC-2 expression and cell proliferation. We observed ClC-2-like Cl- current, and this current was augmented by IGF-I. SiRNA specifically targeted to ClC-2 abolished IGF-I-induced cell proliferation.Our data demonstrate that ClC-2 plays a role in IGF-1-induced regulation of VSMC proliferation in cardiovascular diseases.
Medical Faculty Development: A Modern-Day Odyssey
Authors: Mary C. Beckerle, Kathryn L. Reed, Rosalyn P. Scott, Mary-Ann Shafer, Dena Towner, Hannah A. Valantine, Nancy R. Zahniser
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Academic medical centers (AMCs) are pillars of the community; they provide health care, create jobs, educate biomedical professionals, and engage in research and innovation. To sustain their impact on human health, AMCs must improve the professional satisfaction of their faculty. Here, we describe ways to enhance recruitment, retention, creativity, and productivity of health science faculty.
The Pulmonary Blood Volume in Rheumatic Heart Disease and Its Alteration by Isoproterenol
Authors: CHARLES J. MCGAFF, GEORGE C. ROVETI, EPHRAIM GLASSMAN, WILLIAM R. MILNOR
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Pulmonary blood volume was measured in five hemodynamically normal subjects and 37 patients with heart disease. Mean pulmonary blood volume in 25 of these patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis, alone or complicated by other valvular lesions, was 359 ml. per M.2 (SE = +/-24 ml. per M.2), which was significantly higher than the average value of 230 ml. per M.2 (SE = +/-14 ml. per M.2) in the five normal subjects (p < 0.025). Multiple correlation of pulmonary blood volume with left atrial mean pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and stroke volume showed that each of these factors was significantly related to pulmonary blood volume, independently of the others. Increased left atrial pressure or stroke volume was associated with relatively high, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance with relatively low pulmonary blood volume. In seven subjects 10 to 20 mg. of isoproterenol administered sublingually led to a marked increase in pulmonary blood volume and a small decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance. The average increase in pulmonary blood volume was 78 ml. per M.2, or 35 per cent of the control value (SE = +/-15 ml. per M.2), while the average drop in pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.3 R.U.M.2 (SE = +/-0.5 R.U.M.2). Since the change in volume was too large to be accounted for by arteriolar dilatation alone, and there was a simultaneous decrease in pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, isoproterenol apparently increased the distensibility of a large but as yet unidentified segment of the pulmonary vascular bed.
Catastrophic multiple organ ischemia due to an anti‐Pr cold agglutinin developing in a patient with mixed cryoglobulinemia after treatment with rituximab
Authors: Joshua Ruch, Brandon McMahon, Glenn Ramsey, Hau C. Kwaan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Cold agglutinin disease occurring with cryoglobulinemia is a rare occurrence. Here, we report a patient with mixed cryoglobulinemia that was treated with rituximab and, after response, developed an anti-Pr cold agglutinin that manifested with hemolysis and microvascular occlusion causing mesenteric ischemia and cerebral infarction. Unlike previous reports of patients with cryoglobulinemia and cold agglutinin disease, our patient did not have a detectable cryoprecipitate when his cold agglutinin manifested.
Manual of Operative Surgery.
Authors: John Fairbairn Binnie
Journal: JAMA (1913)

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P114Role of atrial remodeling in reentrant dynamics during in-vitro atrial fibrillation
Authors: A.M Climent, M.S Guillem, P Lee, C Bollensdorff, M.E Fernandez-Santos, R Sanz-Ruiz, PL Sanchez, F Atienza, F Fernandez-Aviles
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: The role of tissue remodeling in the reentrant activity during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not well understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate in an in-vitro model of AF the role of tissue remodeling in the mechanisms of perpetuation of this arrhythmia.