tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomised trial of monitoring, feedback, and management of care by telephone to improve treatment of depression in primary care
Authors: Gregory E Simon, Michael VonKorff, Carolyn Rutter, Edward Wagner
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Objective: To test the effectiveness of two programmes to improve the treatment of acute depression in primary care. Design: Randomised trial. Setting: Primary care clinics in Seattle. Patients: 613 patients starting antidepressant treatment. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to continued usual care or one of two interventions: feedback only and feedback plus care management. Feedback only comprised feedback and algorithm based recommendations to doctors on the basis of data from computerised records of pharmacy and visits. Feedback plus care management included systematic follow up by telephone, sophisticated treatment recommendations, and practice support by a care manager. Main outcome measures: Blinded interviews by telephone 3 and 6 months after the initial prescription included a 20 item depression scale from the Hopkins symptom checklist and the structured clinical interview for the current DSM-IV depression module. Visits, antidepressant prescriptions, and overall use of health care were assessed from computerised records. Results: Compared with usual care, feedback only had no significant effect on treatment received or patient outcomes. Patients receiving feedback plus care management had a higher probability of both receiving at least moderate doses of antidepressants (odds ratio 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 3.22) and a 50% improvement in depression scores on the symptom checklist (2.22, 1.31 to 3.75), lower mean depression scores on the symptom checklist at follow up, and a lower probability of major depression at follow up (0.46, 0.24 to 0.86). The incremental cost of feedback plus care management was about $80 (£50) per patient. Conclusions: Monitoring and feedback to doctors yielded no significant benefits for patients in primary care starting antidepressant treatment. A programme of systematic follow up and care management by telephone, however, significantly improved outcomes at modest cost.
Mothers and babies benefit from smoking ban
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Premature births and smoking among pregnant women have both fallen substantially in Scotland since a ban was introduced on tobacco use in public places almost six years ago.

Researchers at the University of Glasgow analysed more than 700 000 births before and after the legislation was introduced and found that the ban was associated with benefits for mothers and babies. They say the results add to the “growing evidence of the wide ranging health benefits of smoke free legislation and …
Cytologic Demonstration of Carboxyhemoglobin in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Laboratory Screening Method.
Authors: Nicholas C. Bethlenfalvay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Cytologic Demonstration of Carboxyhemoglobin in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Laboratory Screening Method.Nicholas C. Bethlenfalvay, M.D. (Member)Nicholas C. Bethlenfalvay, M.D. (Member)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-826_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe cytologic method to demonstrate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in intact erythrocytes in blood smears as a screening procedure in carbon monoxide poisoning was evaluated. This method is based on the observation that nitrite does not oxidize carboxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin and that the peroxidative capacity of methemoglobin is blocked by cyanide whereas that of carboxyhemoglobin is not. In a milieu of acid, ethanol, and hydrogen peroxide, RBC's will retain their hemoglobin if it was present as carboxyhemoglobin. Oxyhemoglobin, that is, hemoglobin not liganded with carbon monoxide, will be oxidized to methemoglobin by nitrite and thus will be eluted from the RBC's. In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nicholas C. Bethlenfalvay, M.D. (Member) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5 Page: 826-826 Keywords Carbon monoxide Carboxyhemoglobin Ethanol Hemoglobin Methemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin Research laboratories Sepsis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
PARATHYROID EXTRACT IN TREATMENT OF A CASE OF TETANY
Authors: ALBERT M. SNELL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In view of Collip's recent work, the case reported here, in which parathyroid extract was used, will probably be of interest to the medical profession. A woman, aged 54, came to the Mayo Clinic in July, 1921, complaining of a large goiter of twenty years' duration, and arthritis of five years' duration. On physical examination she appeared extremely nervous, with a warm moist skin, a positive Graefe's sign and a fine tremor of the hands. The pulse rate was 140; the systolic blood pressure was 170, the diastolic, 95. There were multiple adenomas of the thyroid; the right lobe measured 7.5 by 5 cm. and the left 5 by 5 cm.; no bruits or thrills were detected. The joints, particularly of the upper extremities, showed a moderate chronic infectious arthritis. Two teeth showed periapical infection; the tonsils were apparently normal. Urinalysis, blood count, Wassermann test, and electrocardiograms were negative. Roentgenograms
Maternal Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations across Critical Windows of Human Development
Authors: Michael S. Bloom, Germaine M. Buck Louis, Enrique F. Schisterman, Aiyi Liu, Paul J. Kostyniak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Few data are available on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations over critical windows of human reproduction and development inclusive of the periconception window.Our goal was to measure changes in PCB concentrations from preconception to pregnancy, through pregnancy, or after a year without becoming pregnant.Seventy-nine women planning pregnancies were prospectively enrolled and followed for up to 12 menstrual cycles of attempting pregnancy. Blood specimens were obtained from participating women preconceptionally (n = 79), after a positive pregnancy test leading to a live birth (n = 54) or pregnancy loss (n = 10), at approximately 6 weeks postpartum (n = 53), and after 12 unsuccessful cycles (n = 9) for toxicologic analysis of 76 PCB congeners. We estimated overall and daily rate of change in PCB concentration (nanograms per gram serum) adjusting for relevant covariates, serum lipids, and baseline PCB concentration.Significant (p < 0.0001) decreases in the mean overall and daily rate of change in PCB concentrations were observed between the preconception and first pregnancy samples for total (-1.012 and -0.034, respectively), estrogenic (-0.444 and -0.016, respectively), and antiestrogenic (-0.106 and -0.004, respectively) PCBs among women with live births. Similar significant decreases in total (-1.452 and -0.085), estrogenic (-0.647 and -0.040), and antiestrogenic (-0.093 and -0.004) PCB concentrations were seen for women with pregnancy losses. No significant changes were observed for PCB congener 153.These data suggest that PCB concentrations may change during the periconception interval, questioning the stability of persistent compounds during this critical window.
Molecular basis of Escherichia coli colonization of the upper urinary tract in BALB/c mice. Gal-Gal pili immunization prevents Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in the BALB/c mouse model of human pyelonephritis.
Authors: P O'Hanley, D Lark, S Falkow, G Schoolnik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Most human pyelonephritis Escherichia coli isolates express both mannose (MS)- and globoside (Gal-Gal)-binding pili. An ascending E. coli urinary tract infection model was established in the 16-wk-old female BALB/c mouse to compare the pathogenic significance of MS and Gal-Gal pili and their efficacy as vaccines for the prevention of pyelonephritis. The distribution and density of pilus receptor compounds in urogenital tissues and as soluble compounds in urine were determined with antibodies to the synthetic receptor analogues, alpha D-Gal(1----4) beta D-Gal and alpha D-Man(1----2) alpha D-Man. Both carbohydrates were detected in vagina, bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis epithelium and in collecting duct and tubular cells. A pilus receptor compound also was detected in urine. It competitively inhibited the binding capacity of MS pili and was found to be physically, chemically, and immunologically related to Tamm-Horsfall uromucoid. Infectivity and invasiveness were quantitatively and histologically characterized for four E. coli strains: J96, a human pyelonephritis strain that expresses both MS and Gal-Gal pili; two recombinant strains prepared from J96 chromosomal DNA encoding MS pili or Gal-Gal pili; and the nonpiliated K12 recipient. Intravesicular administration of J96 (10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]) resulted in renal colonization and invasion in each of nine mice. The Gal-Gal clone (10(6) CFU) colonized the kidneys in each of 10 mice but did not invade. In contrast, the MS clone (10(6) CFU) did not colonize renal epithelium or invade. This effect was superceded when larger doses (greater than or equal to 10(10) CFU) of the MS clone were administered in volumes that cause acute vesicoureteric reflux. The efficacy was determined of vaccines composed of pure MS or Gal-Gal pili or the lipopolysaccharide containing O somatic antigen of the challenge strain, J96. The Gal-Gal pilus vaccine blocked renal colonization in 19 of 22 mice and renal invasion in 10 of 11 mice. Gal-Gal pili may be useful immunogens for the prevention of pyelonephritis in anatomically normal urinary tracts.
Making Antimalarial Agents Available in the United States
Authors: Alan Magill, Claire Panosian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Drs. Alan Magill and Claire Panosian describe a scenario in which a blood smear from a traveler or a U.S. soldier recently returned from Africa shows intraerythrocytic rings of P. falciparum. Neither intravenous quinine nor oral, rectal, or intravenous artemisinins have been approved by the FDA or are available in the United States.
Insulin Resistance and the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Harry Keen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In 1992 the direct costs of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the United States were estimated at a staggering $45 billion,1 more than the total annual cost of the British National Health Service. Preventing this disease and especially its complications would greatly lighten both the human and the economic burdens it imposes. The landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed convincingly the protective value of blood glucose control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes,2 and it is likely that the results are applicable to the equally vulnerable and much more numerous group of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). If . . .
EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL STIMULATION TO DISCRETE BRAIN AREAS
Authors: ROBERT G. HEATH, FLORIS de BALBIAN VERSTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A cannula, and a method for its accurate implantation into predetermined brain regions, is described. This technique makes possible the accurate injection of minute quantities of chemicals into specific deep regions of the brain. The behavioral effects and concomitant changes in electrical recordings from subcortical structures induced by the injection of a variety of compounds and brain extracts into selected brain regions of cats, monkeys, and humans are described. The most consistent and dramatic changes were induced with the injection of bovine septal extract, histamine, and atropine.
Development Projects to Improve Maternal and Child Health: Assessing the Impact
Authors: Yemane Berhane
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Demographic and social conditions in Ethiopia pose serious challenges to human survival. These challenges are particularly relevant to women who often have the prime responsibility for the welfare of children and the family at large. Womens status in Ethiopia as in other developing countries is low and their daily workload is often enormous. Women have the dual responsibility of both reproducing and ensuring the survival of their children. Leisure time for women is declining due to increasing economic difficulties; even the period of confinement following childbirth has declined. There have been many initiatives to improve the life of people living in rural Ethiopia over the last few decades but many of these initiatives were not systematically evaluated. Thus the short-term and long-term impacts of development interventions in Ethiopia remain largely unknown or unreported. In a new study in PLoS Medicine Mhairi Gibson and Ruth Mace attempted to evaluate the effect of improved water access in rural Ethiopia--a development initiative that reduces womens workloads since they no longer have to collect water from distant sites--on birthrate and child malnutrition. As such this study is a very important step forward in making developmental interventions evidenced based and contextual.   (excerpt)
Starvation Diets as a Cause of Acquired Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Daniel Bogdanov Petrov
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters7 April 2009Starvation Diets as a Cause of Acquired Long QT SyndromeDaniel Bogdanov Petrov, MDDaniel Bogdanov Petrov, MDFrom Pirogov Emergency Hospital, Sofia 1606, Bulgaria.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-7-200904070-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Background: Prolongation of the rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) and ventricular arrhythmias have been described in persons on starvation diets (1). Prolongation of the QTc interval as measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest (2).Objective: To determinate whether long-term weight loss over 7 weeks can influence cardiac repolarization as indicated by the electrocardiographic QT interval.Methods: The electrocardiographic QT, RR, and QTc (QT/RR(0,5)) intervals were assessed in 29 healthy obese (body mass index >27 kg/m2) persons on a very-low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d) for 7 weeks. The intervals, serum albumin, and ...References1. Singh BN, Gaarder TD, Kanegae T, Goldstein M, Montgomerie JZ, Mills H. Liquid protein diets and torsade de pointes. JAMA. 1978;240:115-9. [PMID: 660827] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Algra A, Tijssen JG, Roelandt JR, Pool J, Lubsen J. QTc prolongation measured by standard 12-lead electrocardiography is an independent risk factor for sudden death due to cardiac arrest. Circulation. 1991;83:1888-94. [PMID: 2040041] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Petrov DB. QT interval lengthening after fasting complicated by a sudden attack of torsades de pointes. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003;30:86-7. [PMID: 12638683] MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Moss AJ. Prolonged QT-interval syndromes. JAMA. 1986;256:2985-7. [PMID: 3773216] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Al-Khatib SM, LaPointe NM, Kramer JM, Califf RM. What clinicians should know about the QT interval. JAMA. 2003;289:2120-7. [PMID: 12709470] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel Bogdanov Petrov, MDAffiliations: From Pirogov Emergency Hospital, Sofia 1606, Bulgaria. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCaloric Restriction and Cardiovascular Health: the Good, the Bad, and the Renin-Angiotensin SystemMajor rapid weight loss induces changes in cardiac repolarization 7 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 7Page: 501KeywordsArrhythmiaDietElectrocardiographyHeartMedical risk factorsSaltsSerum albuminStarvationSudden cardiac deathWeight loss ePublished: 7 April 2009 Issue Published: 7 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Various Approaches to AIDS Vaccines Begin to 'Pierce the Armor' of Virus
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

AT THE FIRST International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Atlanta, Ga, in 1985, a US government health official confidently predicted that a vaccine for the disease would be available within 5 years. Many of those who heard the prediction laughed, knowing such an optimistic forecast had to be wrong. Last month in Montreal, Canada, at the fifth conference, researchers who have been working on the problem constantly in the interim reported preliminary approaches that hold hope for developing such a vaccine in the foreseeable but unspecified future. Those who listened prayed they might be right. As the number of persons with AIDS or with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection mounts worldwide, while progress in changing human behavior to stem its spread remains problematic and effective therapy is still minimal, the glimmer of a candidate vaccine, however distant, is magnified. Dani Bolognesi, PhD, James B. Duke professor, Department of
Cardiac arrhythmia after mushroom ingestion.
Authors: M J Caley, R A Clark
Journal: BMJ (1977)

including those that could have been transmitted by the bite gave negative results.These investigations included a complement fixation test for Q fever, malarial fluorescent antibody tests, schistosomal and filarial comple- ment fixation tests, the rapid plasma reagin test and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test, and a search of blood for trypanosomes.Serum was then examined for an extended range of antibodies to West African viruses (ETWB).Antibodies against Le Dantec virus were found in significant titre (1/16).No other viral antibodies were detected. CommentThe question of a causal relationship between the insect bite, the infection, and the subsequent Parkinsonism must remain proble- matic, but there can be little doubt that the febrile illness after the bite occurred when the Le Dantec virus infection was acquired, for the patient had never been to West Africa and had had no other incident so far as he could recall during which he had been bitten while on a ship that had been to West Africa.Many viruses can cause encephalitis, and involvement of the basal ganglia is well recognised in certain viral infections, particularly those with Japanese B, St Louis, and Murray Valley viruses.It is particularly notable, however, that in the Internationial Catalogue of Arboviruses' Le Dantec virus, on being inoculated into suckling mice, is reported to have produced "severe lesions of encephalitis with important destruction of the neurones of the cerebrum (cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus) less acute in the spinal cord.Perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells.No myositis."In view of this there was probably a causal relationship between the bite with the infection it conveyed and the subsequent development of Parkinsonism.The case is notable in focusing attention on the need for vigilance in containing viral infections that could be transmitted by insects carried on transport arriving from Africa.Secondly, it provides suggestive information that Le Dantec virus, like certain other viruses, is capable of damaging the basal ganglia of the,brain.
TCT-884 Frequency And Causes Of Stroke During Or After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Rutger-Jan Nuis, Nicolas Van Mieghem, Carl Schultz, Adriaan Moelker, Robert M.A. Van Der Boon, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Aad van der Lugt, Patrick W. Serruys, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Ron van Domburg, Peter Koudstaal, Peter de Jaegere
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Results of Secondary Closure
Authors: Philip S. Foisie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IT HAS been observed that the victory in World War II is likely to be credited to penicillin and secondary closures. The humor of this remark detracts in no way from the importance attached to these surgical aids by those who have witnessed their proper application.During the last nine months we have done secondary closures on 1450 patients, these closures constituting 43 per cent of all operative procedures. Since many of these patients had multiple wounds, as many as thirty wounds having been closed in a single case, the total number of wounds closed is well over two thousand. . . .
Bilateral Fatigue Fractures of the Radial Shaft in a Gymnast
Authors: RAJ AHLUWALIA, FREDERICK L. DATZ, KATHRYN A. MORTON, CAROL M. ANDERSON, JOHN H. WHITING
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 24-year-old female gymnast had a 3-month history of bilateral forearm pain. A Tc-99m MDP bone scan demonstrated focally increased activity in the radial shafts on blood pool and delayed images, characteristic of fatigue fractures. Fatigue fractures commonly occur in the lower extremities. Upper extremity fatigue fractures, in contrast, are uncommon and usually involve the humerus or ulna. Fatigue fracture of the radial shaft from gymnastic exercise has not been previously reported.
Distinction between athlete heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by quantitative assessment of regional ultrasonic backscatter
Authors: Fabio Lattanzi, Vitantonio Di Bello, Eugenio Picano, Paolo Spirito, Maria Teresa Caputo, Luigi Talarico, Alessandro Mazzarisi, Luigi Landini, Carmine Di Muro, Gino Santoro, Costantino Giusti, Carlo Vecchio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Netting Neutrophils Are Major Inducers of Type I IFN Production in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Gina S. Garcia-Romo, Simone Caielli, Barbara Vega, John Connolly, Florence Allantaz, Zhaohui Xu, Marilynn Punaro, Jeanine Baisch, Cristiana Guiducci, Robert L. Coffman, Franck J. Barrat, Jacques Banchereau, Virginia Pascual
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

In systemic lupus erythematosus, neutrophil extracellular traps activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to produce type I interferon.
Landmark article May 13, 1950: Prevention of rheumatic fever. Treatment of the preceding streptococcic infection. By Floyd W. Denny, Lewis W. Wannamaker, William R. Brink, Charles H. Rammelkamp Jr. and Edward A. Custer
Authors: F. W. Denny
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The prevention of acute rheumatic fever by the prompt treatment of streptococcic infections with penicillin has been attempted in this study. The results obtained show that this attempt was successful, and, because of their importance, these results are presented here in a preliminary report. The significance of an adequate means of prevention may be realized when it is considered that rheumatic fever develops in an estimated 200,000 to 250,000 persons in the general population of the United States yearly.<sup>1</sup>Figures for the Armed Services similarly show a high incidence, with an average of 7,300 cases annually for the seven year period from 1942 through 1948.<sup>2</sup>The gravity of the disease itself is emphasized by the estimate of Paul that at least 460,000 persons in the country today have rheumatic heart disease.<sup>3</sup>Not only is rheumatic fever a menace to health, but it is also a serious economic
Gliclazide inhibits diabetic neuropathy irrespective of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Xiaoling Qiang, Jo Satoh, Mikio Sagara, Masamitsu Fukuzawa, Takayuki Masuda, Shuichi Miyaguchi, Kazuma Takahashi, Takayoshi Toyota
Journal: Metabolism (1998)