tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
KALA-AZAR IN MESOPOTAMIA AND ITS INCUBATION PERIOD
Authors: C. A. Sprawson
Journal: BMJ (1919)

Multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 2-deficient transport-deficient (TR–) rats, together with their transport-competent Wistar counterparts (wild type), have been used to examine the contribution of Mrp2 to drug disposition. However, little is known about potential variation in expression of other transport proteins between TR– and wild-type rats or whether these differences are tissue-specific. Sections of liver, kidney, brain, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon were obtained from male TR– and wild-type Wistar rats. Samples were homogenized in protease inhibitor cocktail and ultracentrifuged at 100,000g for 30 min to obtain membrane fractions. Mrp2, Mrp3, Mrp4, P-glycoprotein, sodium-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, organic anion transporting polypeptides 1a1 and 1a4, bile salt export pump, breast cancer resistance protein, ileal bile acid transporter, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1a), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and β-actin protein expression were determined by Western blot. Mrp3 was significantly up-regulated in the liver (∼6-fold) and kidney (∼3.5-fold) of TR– rats compared with wild-type controls. Likewise, the expression of UGT1a enzymes was increased in the liver and kidney of TR– rats by ∼3.5- and ∼5.5-fold, respectively. Interestingly, Mrp3 expression was down-regulated in the small intestine of TR– rats, but expression was similar to wild type in the colon. Mrp4 was expressed to varying extents along the intestine. Expression of some transport proteins and UGT1a enzymes differ significantly between TR– and wild-type rats. Therefore, altered drug disposition in TR– rats must be interpreted cautiously because up- or down-regulation of other transport proteins may play compensatory roles in the presence of Mrp2 deficiency.
CME-certification by the European Board of Gastroenterology.
Authors: P J Toghill
Journal: Gut (1997)

Recent work indicates that a novel homing receptor (HR)/endothelial ligand pair--the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag (CLA) and E-selectin--is involved in targeting a unique skin-associated subpopulation of memory T cells to cutaneous sites of chronic inflammation. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the generation of a memory T cell subset with skin-selective homing capability, we used multiparameter flow cytometry to assess the expression of CLA on T cells during initial T cell activation in secondary lymphoid tissues (the virgin to memory transition), and upon reactivation in skin. Our analyses indicate that in vivo induction of CLA (and E-selectin-binding ability) first occurs during the virgin to memory transition, and is regulated in a highly tissue-selective manner. The frequency of CLA expression on CD45RA+/RO+ transitional T cells within skin-associated peripheral lymph nodes was &gt; fivefold higher than within the mucosal microenvironment of the appendix. In keeping with its role as a skin-selective homing receptor, levels of cell-surface CLA on T cells obtained from cutaneous blisters overlying delayed-type hypersensitivity sites were a mean 23-fold higher than on corresponding peripheral blood T cells, including all time points of lesional evolution. However, comparisons of CLA expression on resting vs activated skin blister T cells (HLA-DR - vs +, respectively) indicated that CLA expression, which is already quite high on the resting subset, appeared to be further up-regulated upon activation in skin. The critical involvement of local microenvironments in the regulation of CLA expression was also supported by in vitro studies demonstrating the necessity of specific secondary signals for the induction of CLA glycoproteins on mitogen-activated T cells. CLA up-regulation on both the virgin and memory T cell subsets was dependent on the presence of TGF-beta 1 (or, to a lesser extent, IL-6), but not a wide variety of other cytokines. Thus, the development of the CLA+ memory T cell subset is likely a product of the cumulative experience of those T cells with respect to local microenvironments at previous sites of activation, perhaps involving differential availability of bioactive TGF-beta 1 and/or IL-6 (both cytokines produced in skin). Repeated activation in skin or skin-associated peripheral lymph nodes may act to reinforce CLA expression on T cells functionally-associated with skin, and thus enhance the functional efficiency of these cells by preferentially focusing their recirculation to the skin or related sites.
Latex‐induced occupational asthma: time trend in incidence and relationship with hospital glove policies
Authors: O. Vandenplas, A. Larbanois, F. Vanassche, S. François, J. Jamart, M. Vandeweerdt, J. Thimpont
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Natural rubber latex (NRL) has become as a major cause of occupational asthma (OA) in workers using NRL gloves. Few population-based studies have assessed the impact of changes in the patterns of glove usage on the incidence of NRL-induced OA.To characterize the time trends in incident cases of NRL-induced OA in Belgium and examine whether incidence rates were related to the types of gloves used in hospitals.Incident cases of NRL-induced OA were identified through a retrospective review of all claims submitted to the Workers' Compensation Board up to December 2004. Based on the results of diagnostic procedures, the diagnosis of NRL-induced OA was categorized as definite, probable, unlikely, or indeterminate. The patterns of glove usage were characterized through a questionnaire survey of Belgian hospitals.A total of 298 claims for NRL-induced OA were identified, including 127 subjects with definite OA and 68 with probable OA. Categorized by the year of asthma onset, the incident cases of definite and probable NRL-induced OA markedly decreased from 1999 onwards. The use of powdered NRL gloves fell from 80.9% in 1989 to 17.9% in 2004. Powdered NRL gloves were predominantly substituted with NRL-free gloves, especially in the case of non-sterile procedures.These national compensation-based data confirm that a persistent decline in the incidence of NRL-induced OA has occurred since late 1990s. This downward trend has temporally been associated with a decreasing usage of powdered NRL, further supporting a beneficial role of changes in glove policies.
Effects of Blood Volume Expansion on Left Ventricular Hemodynamics in Man
Authors: V. R. SANGHVI, F. KHAJA, A. L. MARK, J. O. PARKER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The hemodynamic effects of acute blood volume expansion with low molecular-weight dextran were studied in 11 normal patients and 18 patients with coronary artery disease free of angina at the time of study and without evidence of heart failure. In the coronary artery disease group 350 ml (range 130-540 ml) was infused at the rate of 26.7 ml/min (range 19-36 ml/min). There was an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 10.3 to 18.7 mm Hg, brachial artery mean pressure (BAm) from 102 to 105 mm Hg, pulse pressure (PP) from 56.7 to 63.2 mm Hg, cardiac index (CI) from 3.1 to 3.8 liters/min/m 2 , stroke index (SI) from 37 to 44 ml/m 2 , and left ventricular stroke-work index (LVSWI) from 46 to 53 g-m/m 2 . There was no change in heart rate. In normal subjects, 387 ml (range 200-480 ml) was infused at the rate of 26.4 ml/min (range. 15-37 ml/min). There was an increase in LVEDP from 8.0 to 18.4 mm Hg, PP from 55.5 to 66.8 mm Hg, CI from 3.2 to 4.0 liters/min/m 2 , SI from 38 to 46 ml/m 2 , and LVSWI from 46 to 54 g-m/m 2 . Heart rate and BAm were unchanged. LVEDP increased to abnormal levels in every subject and was associated with small increases in SI and LVSWI. In the absence of myocardial ischemia the challenge of an acute volume did not differentiate left ventricular performance of patients with coronary artery disease from normal subjects.
Washington follows Oregon to legalise physician assisted suicide
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US state of Washington has become the second US state to legalise physician assisted suicide, 11 years after Oregon, its neighbour to the south.

Initiative 1000, modelled on Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act, was passed on 4 November by a majority of 59% to 41%. It will allow doctors to prescribe a lethal dose of drugs for mentally competent patients with less than six months to live.

Patients will have to be residents of the state and will have to go through a 15 day waiting period after asking for the lethal dose. …
Enhanced expression of complement C5a receptor mRNA in human diseased kidney assessed by in situ hybridization
Authors: Katsushige Abe, Masanobu Miyazaki, Takehiko Koji, Akira Furusu, Tomomi Nakamura-Kurashige, Tomoya Nishino, Yoshiyuki Ozono, Takashi Harada, Hideto Sakai, Shigeru Kohno
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Vitamin D status and measurements of markers of bone metabolism in patients with small intestinal resection
Authors: K V Haderslev
Journal: Gut (2003)

Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with small intestinal resection and may lead to secondary hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which in turn may result in increased bone turnover rate and loss of bone mineral. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, as assessed by low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with small intestinal resection and to explore the relation of 25(OH)D to PTH, markers of bone turnover rate, and bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients.Forty two patients with small intestinal resection, a faecal energy excretion of more than 2.0 MJ/day, and a mean length of the remaining small intestine of 199 cm were included. Diagnoses were Crohn's disease (n=35) and other (n=7).25(OH)D was analysed by radioimmunoassay and bone turnover rate was assessed by measurement of serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, urine pyridinoline, and urine deoxypyridinoline. BMD was measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry.Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 13.4 (SD 9.7) ng/ml, which was significantly below the reference mean of 26.4 (SD 13.2) ng/ml (p<0.001). Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D concentration </=8 ng/ml) was found in 38.1% of patients and was accompanied by raised concentrations of PTH and significantly increased markers of bone resorption (p<0.05). Low 25(OH)D concentrations correlated significantly with lower BMD z scores of the spine (r=0.38; p=0.02) and hip (r=0.33; p=0.04).We found reduced 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with small intestinal resection, and showed that a deficient 25(OH)D concentration is associated with significantly increased markers of bone resorption and decreased BMD values.
Improved blood flow during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation with 30% duty cycle in infant pigs.
Authors: J M Dean, R C Koehler, C L Schleien, D Atchison, H Gervais, I Berkowitz, R J Traystman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Sustained compression is recommended to maximize myocardial and cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adults and children. We compared myocardial and cerebral perfusion during CPR in three groups of 2-week-old anesthetized swine using compression rates and duty cycles (duration of compression/total cycle time) of 100 per minute, 60%; 100 per minute, 30%; and 150 per minute, 30%. METHODS AND RESULTS Ventricular fibrillation was induced and CPR was begun immediately with a sternal pneumatic compressor. Epinephrine was continuously infused during CPR. Microsphere-determined blood flow and arterial and sagittal sinus blood gas measurements were made before cardiac arrest was induced and after 5, 10, 20, 35, and 50 minutes of CPR. At 5 minutes of CPR, ventricular and cerebral blood flows were greater than 25 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 and were not significantly different between groups. When CPR was prolonged, however, myocardial and cerebral blood flows were significantly higher with the 30% duty cycle than with the 60% duty cycle. By 35 minutes, all myocardial regions had less than 5 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 flow with the 60% duty cycle. In contrast, CPR with the 30% duty cycle at either compression rate provided more than 25 ml.min-1 x 100 g-1 to all ventricular regions for 50 minutes. By 20 minutes, most brain regions received 50% less flow with the 60% duty cycle compared with animals undergoing CPR with the 30% duty cycle (p less than 0.05). Cerebral oxygen uptake was better preserved with the 30% duty cycle. Chest deformation from loss of recoil was greater with the 60% duty cycle compared with the 30% duty cycle. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the shorter duty cycle provides markedly superior myocardial and cerebral perfusion during 50 minutes of CPR in this infant swine model. These data do not support recommendations for prolonged compression at rates of 100 per minute during CPR in infants and children.
Relative adrenal insufficiency in decompensated cirrhosis: Relationship to short-term risk of severe sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome, and death
Authors: Juan Acevedo, Javier Fernández, Verónica Prado, Anibal Silva, Miriam Castro, Marco Pavesi, Daria Roca, Wladimiro Jimenez, Pere Ginès, Vicente Arroyo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The prevalence of relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) in critically ill cirrhosis patients with severe sepsis is over 60% and associated features include poor liver function, renal failure, refractory shock, and high mortality. RAI may also develop in noncritically ill cirrhosis patients but its relationship to the clinical course has not yet been assessed. The current study was performed in 143 noncritically ill cirrhosis patients admitted for acute decompensation. Within 24 hours after hospitalization adrenal function, plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline and vasopressin concentration, and serum levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were determined. RAI was defined as a serum total cortisol increase <9 μg/dL after 250 μg of intravenous corticotropin from basal values <35 μg/dL. Patients were followed for 3 months. RAI was detected in 26% of patients (n = 37). At baseline, patients with RAI presented with lower mean arterial pressure (76 ± 12 versus 83 ± 14 mmHg, P = 0.009) and serum sodium (131 ± 7 versus 135 ± 5 mEq/L, P = 0.007) and higher blood urea nitrogen (32 ± 24 versus 24 ± 15 mg/dl, P = 0.06), plasma renin activity (7.1 ± 9.9 versus 3.4 ± 5.6 ng/mL*h, P = 0.03), and noradrenaline concentration (544 ± 334 versus 402 ± 316 pg/mL, P = 0.02). During follow-up, patients with RAI exhibited a higher probability of infection (41% versus 21%, P = 0.008), severe sepsis (27% versus 9%, P = 0.003), type-1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (16% versus 3%, P = 0.002), and death (22% versus 7%, P = 0.01). Conclusion: RAI is frequent in noncritically ill patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. As compared with those with normal adrenal function, patients with RAI have greater impairment of circulatory and renal function, higher probability of severe sepsis and type-1 HRS, and higher short-term mortality. (Hepatology 2013;58:1757–1765)
Atopic dermatitis and skin allergies - update and outlook
Authors: A. Wollenberg, K. Feichtner
Journal: Allergy (2013)

During the last few years, an impressive amount of experimental studies and clinical trials have dealt with a variety of distinct topics in allergic skin diseases – especially atopic dermatitis. In this update, we discuss selected recent data that provide relevant insights into clinical and pathophysiological aspects of allergic skin diseases or discuss promising targets and strategies for the future treatment of skin allergy. This includes aspects of barrier malfunction and inflammation as well as the interaction of the cutaneous immune system with the skin microbiome and diagnostic procedures for working up atopic dermatitis patients. Additionally, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and drug reactions are addressed in this review. This update summarizes novel evidence, highlighting current areas of uncertainties and debates that will stimulate scientific discussions and research activities in the field of atopic dermatitis and skin allergies in the future.
Anaphylactoid reactions to dextran 70.
Authors: G A Heaney
Journal: BMJ (1977)

continuing and expanding research on the treatment of this condition, which is at present responsible for considerable personal distress and social disruption.In view of the large numbers of women between the menarche and the menopause who suffer from PMS any significant reduction in its overall incidence will be welcome and we hope that family doctors will be encouraged to treat PMS by these new approaches.Further help and support from specialised clinics in teaching hospitals and other centres will be required for some time yet, but we hope soon to publish further observations on the clinical presenta- tion of PMS which will minimise this need.
MILKER'S NODULES. GROWTH OF THE VIRUS IN DEVELOPING HEN EGGS
Authors: G. H FINDLAY, D. A. HAIG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article MILKER'S NODULES. GROWTH OF THE VIRUS IN DEVELOPING HEN EGGS Get access G. H FINDLAY, M.D., G. H FINDLAY, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pretoria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. A. HAIG, B.V.Sc. D. A. HAIG, B.V.Sc. Virus Section, Veterinary Research Laboratories, Onderstepoort Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 12, 1 December 1952, Pages 451–455, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15883.x Published: 01 December 1952
Jimson Weed Poisoning
Authors: RICHARD LEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 February 1976Jimson Weed PoisoningRICHARD LEVY, M.D., M.P.H.RICHARD LEVY, M.D., M.P.H.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-2-223 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent paper in this journal, Mikolich, Paulson, and Cross (1) described 10 cases of Jimson seed poisoning. They stated, "Induction of emesis may be beneficial in the conscious patient although the belladonna alkaloids are rapidly absorbed." From data obtained in the Emergency Unit of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, their conclusion about the value of emesis appears to be understated. During September and October of 1975, 15 patients were seen who had swallowed Jimson weed. Serendepitously, one hallucinating patient was made to vomit approximately 36 hours after ingestion of the Jimson weed; the emesis...References1. MIKOLICH J, PAULSON G, and CROSS C: Acute anticholinergic syndrome due to Jimson seed ingestion. Ann Intern Med 83:321-325, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GOODMAN L and GILMAN A: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, The MacMillan Co., 1970 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD LEVY, M.D., M.P.H.Affiliations: Cincinnati General Hospital University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOleander and Datura Poisoning: An UpdateRole of the Clinical Laboratory in Detecting Plant PoisoningIntoxication par Datura stramonium: Le diagnostic est clinique, le traitement est symptomatiqueAccidental Poisoning with Deadly Nightshade Berries: a Case ReportAnticholinergic poisoning from Jimson weed 1 February 1976Volume 84, Issue 2Page: 223-223KeywordsAlkaloidsIngestion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
The nephrotic syndrome of childhood: immunologic, clinical, and pathologic correlations.
Authors: K N Drummond, A F Michael, R A Good, R L Vernier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The role of immunologic processes in the patho- genesis of human renal disease has been the sub- ject of investigation and discussion for over half a century.Factors interpreted as favoring an im- munologic basis for some of the diffuse glomerular diseases of man include reduced serum comple- ment levels, the presence of antikidney antibodies, and the similarity of pathologic changes in im- munologically induced experimental renal disease to lesions in human glomerulonephritis.More recently, the demonstration by immunofluorescent techniques of glomerular deposition of immuno- globulins and complement in a number of these disorders has provided more compelling support for the immunologic hypothesis.*The possible pathogenetic mechanisms by which immunologic processes may induce renal disease in man have been recently reviewed (2).Most immunofluorescent studies of kidney biop- sies in the nephrotic syndrome have suggested that immunoglobulin deposition along glomerular base- ment membranes is characteristic (3-7).Such studies have dealt predominantly with adult ne- phrotic patients, a group in which membranous glomerulonephritis is a frequent pathologic alter- *
Biliary Endoprosthesis in the Treatment of Large Common Bile Duct Stones
Authors: V. Dufek, J. Beneš, J. Chmel, V. Kordač
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

See also: Endoscopic Placement of Biliary Endoprostheses in Patients with Endoscopically Unextractable Common Bile Duct StonesEndoscopy 1990; 22(01): 24-26DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012781
Estrogen and Memory
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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I-131 Uptake in Bilateral Ovarian Endometrial Cysts
Authors: Chirawat Utamakul, Chanika Sritara, Arpakorn Kositwattanarerk, Tanapun Balachandra, Chanisa Chotipanich, Payap Chokesuwattanaskul
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 36-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy and received 3 separate 150 mCi doses of I-131 about 6 months apart. A scan 3 days after the first ablative dose and second dose for high serum thyroglobulin (Tg) of 48.1 ng/ml revealed focal uptake in bilateral pelvic regions, corresponding to the bilateral adnexal masses on SPECT-CT. Bilateral ovarian cystectomy was performed and histopathology revealed bilateral ovarian endometrial cysts. Two months after surgery, a scan 3 days following the third dose for persistently high serum Tg of 20 ng/mL was negative. The level of serum Tg dropped to 1ng/mL 6 months later.