tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracoronary thrombus and complex morphology in unstable angina. Relation to timing of angiography and in-hospital cardiac events.
Authors: M R Freeman, A E Williams, R J Chisholm, P W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In 78 consecutive patients with unstable angina, we performed coronary angiography randomized to either the first day of presentation or later during the hospital admission to assess the frequency of intracoronary thrombus and complex coronary morphology relative to the time of symptomatic presentation and the impact of these angiographic features on outcome. Early angiography (17 +/- 6 hours) was performed in 42 patients and late angiography in 36 patients (5.7 +/- 2.1 days). Twelve patients randomized to late angiography required urgent cardiac catheterization 3.9 +/- 2.2 days after admission. Coronary thrombi were present in 43% (18 of 42) of early angiography patients and in 38% (14 of 36) of late angiography patients (p = NS). Only 21% (five of 24) late elective angiography patients had coronary thrombi, but 75% (nine of 12) of late urgent angiography patients had thrombi (p less than 0.05 vs. both early and late elective angiography patients). There was no difference in the frequency of complex coronary morphology among patients randomized to early angiography (42%, or 15 of 36), late urgent angiography (42%, or five of 12), and late elective angiography (38%, or nine of 24). Cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization) were more frequent in the patients with coronary thrombus (73%, or 23 of 32), complex coronary morphology (55%, or 16 of 29), and multiple-vessel disease (58%, or 29 of 50) than in the patients without these angiographic features (17%, or eight of 46; 31%, or 15 of 49; and 7%, or two of 28, respectively; all p less than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that coronary thrombus was the best angiographic predictor of cardiac events. Thus, angiographic detection of intracoronary thrombi varies according to the temporal relation between angiography and chest pain at rest.
Sickle cell trait and sudden death in athletes
Authors: K. K. Kerle
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Kerle and Runkle have made a reasonable point regarding the potential role that sickle cell trait may have played in the sudden deaths of young African-American athletes with cardiovascular disease in our study population. As Kerle and Runkle point out, sickle cell trait has been incriminated as a sole determinant of sudden cardiac death with exertion,<sup>1,2</sup>and indeed, 1 of our athletes without a detectable cardiac abnormality had only the finding of sickle trait to explain sudden death. Among the 134 competitive athletes in our study, we found hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to be the most common cause of sudden death. Of the 48 athletes assigned this diagnosis at autopsy, the majority were black. Unfortunately, our study design did not include a systematic analysis for sickle cell trait in these individuals. Also, we encountered 14 other athletes who showed an increase in left ventricular mass, but no other features of
Effects of differently induced renal ischaemia and of ureteral ligation on kidney renin and blood pressure
Authors: J. Jelinek, F. Gross
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Kidney weight, renal renin content, and blood pressure were measured in rats with different degrees of renal ischaemia induced either by means of a clip on one renal artery or by stenosing the aorta between the origins of the two renal arteries, the ureter of the ischaemic kidney left free or being ligated. Renal ischaemia was more pronounced after aortic constriction than after clamping the renal artery, and renin production was more stimulated in the first case. In the ischaemic kidney a negative correlation between renal mass and renin content was found, but renin content of the kidneys was not correlated with the degree of hypertension .
Photodynamic therapy versus topical imiquimod versus topical fluorouracil for treatment of superficial basal-cell carcinoma: a single blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial: a critical appraisal
Authors: L.L.A. Lecluse, Ph.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Arits et al. aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of imiquimod and fluorouracil is not inferior to methyl aminolaevulinic acid (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma. This single‐blind, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial was conducted at one coordinating academic hospital and six peripheral dermatological departments in the Netherlands between March 2008 and August 2010. Patients with a superficial basal cell carcinoma were randomly assigned to be treated with PDT (two treatments); or imiquimod 5% cream, once daily five times a week for 6 weeks; or fluorouracil 5% cream twice daily for 4 weeks. Follow‐up visits were planned after 3 months and 1 year. The primary outcome was defined as the probability that a patient was free of tumour reoccurrence at both 3 and 12 months' follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were aesthetic outcome of the treated area, compliance and adverse reactions. In total 911 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 601 were randomized: 202 to receive MAL‐PDT, 198 to receive imiquimod cream and 201 to receive fluorouracil cream. The proportions (95% confidence intervals) of patients tumour free at both 3 and 12 months were 72·8% (66·8–79·4) for MAL‐PDT, 83·4% (78·2–88·9) for imiquimod cream and 80·1% (74·7–85·9) for fluorouracil cream. For patients treated with MAL‐PDT, moderate‐to‐severe pain and burning sensation were reported most often during the treatment itself. For the creams, moderate‐to‐severe local swelling, erosion, crust formation and itching of the skin were mentioned most often. Arits et al. conclude that topical fluorouracil was noninferior and imiquimod was superior to MAL‐PDT for treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Imiquimod cream is suggested as the preferred treatment.
And if the developmental data doesn't quite fit ...
Authors: Barlow Wright
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Halford et al. seek to provide a framework that unifies distinct developmental phenomena. However, in pursuit of this goal, they sidestep crucial aspects of some well-known developmental benchmarks (most notably Transitive Inference and Object Concept), and they do not acknowledge “repeated” or “direct” experience as possibly being more fundamental than relational complexity, instead, ascribe all experience a secondary role.
CARDIAC REHABILITATION IMPROVES MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW RESERVE AS ASSESSED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHIC MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: John Makaryus, Lauren Tobe, Mervat Alharbi, Diana Kim, Svetlana Ershova, Amsale Robi, Sabahat Bokhari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults
Authors: Alan R. Sinaiko, Richard P. Donahue, David R. Jacobs, Ronald J. Prineas
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Weight gain is of concern during early development because adult obesity and its cardiovascular consequences appear to have their origins during childhood. Insulin resistance is known to be related to obesity. Thus, weight gain beginning in childhood may influence the development of insulin-induced cardiovascular risk during adulthood. Methods and Results —We monitored 679 individuals from 7.7±0.1 years of age with repeated measures of height, weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) until 23.6±0.2 years of age, when blood samples were obtained for measurements of insulin and lipids. Initial childhood weight, body mass index (BMI), and height were significantly correlated with young adult weight, BMI, and height and with fasting insulin, lipids, and SBP. The increases in weight and BMI but not height during childhood were significantly related to the young adult levels of insulin, lipids, and SBP. Conclusions —These data suggest that weight gain in excess of normal growth during childhood is a determinant of adult cardiovascular risk. The finding in multiple linear regression analysis that weight gain during childhood rather than the childhood weight at 7.7 years of age is significantly related to young adult risk factors suggests that a reduction in weight gain could reduce subsequent levels of cardiovascular risk.
Lymphopenia and Multiple Viral Infections
Authors: Shih-Wen Huang
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lobes and Cherry (223:1143, 1973) described a child who developed fatal measles pneumonia preceded by chicken pox. Lymphopenia was noted. Two years ago we observed a 10-year-old boy who developed lymphopenia after a vague illness (on clinical grounds thought to be a viral infection), and he later died of disseminated varicella. Since then we have observed at least four cases in which the initial clinical picture of viral illness with lymphopenia was further complicated by superimposed infections. In studying the sera of these patients by Terasaki's microcytotoxicity technique, we were able to show that these patients' sera were cytotoxic to autologous and allogenic lymphocytes.<sup>1</sup>Further, immunochemical studies indicated that the complement dependent cytotoxic factor was immunoglobulin M and optimally active at 37 C. Patients who had various viral illnesses, studied in collaboration with the State Laboratory of Hygiene, developed lymphopenia in 21 of 88 cases studied
Potentiation of Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by Alcohol
Authors: Craig J. McClain, James P. Kromhout, Francis J. Peterson, Jordan L. Holtzman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Severe liver failure developed in three chronic alcoholics after they ingested acetaminophen for therapeutic reasons. The clinical course was characterized by SGOT levels of 5,000 to 10,000 IU. Concomitant renal failure developed in two of these patients, and one died in hepatic coma. To determine whether alcohol enhances acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, a lethal dose for 50% survival of a test group (LD<sub>50</sub>) was performed for mice fed 10% alcohol in their water supply for three weeks and for mice receiving a normal diet only. A significant reduction in the LD<sub>50</sub>was seen in the alcoholpretreated mice, and correlations were noted between histological findings in the liver and the LD<sub>50</sub>data. These findings suggest that alcohol enhances acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice and provides supportive evidence that these three alcoholic patients probably had a similar pathophysiological basis for their liver disease. (<i>JAMA</i>244:251-253, 1980)
In-vitro and in-vivo studies of human axillary odour and the cutaneous microflora
Authors: P. J. RENNIE, D. B. GOWER, K. T. HOLLAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The axillary microflora of 34 male subjects were studied in relation to their underarm odour intensity. The predominant groups of micro-organisms were aerobic coryneforms, Micrococcaceae and propionibacteria. There was no competition for habitat between these groups (Fisher's exact test P greater than 0.05). There was an association between the population density of aerobic coryneforms and the intensity of odour (Spearman, P = 0.001). Dominance of aerobic coryneforms within the axillary microflora was associated with high odour intensity (chi 2, P = 0.005). An in-vitro odour model was developed using a diethyl ether extract of axillary skin incubated with test bacteria. Underarm odour was produced exclusively by aerobic coryneform bacteria. Of aerobic coryneforms, 71.4% were odour producers and these were identified as Corynebacterium xerosis.
Acadesine: the prototype adenosine regulating agent for reducing myocardial ischaemic injury
Authors: K. Mullane
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Acadesine is the prototype of a new class of therapeutic compounds termed adenosine regulating agents. Acadesine is pharmacologically silent in normal circumstances, but its activity becomes operative during situations of net ATP catabolism, when it increases local adenosine levels. Thus acadesine is able to harness the beneficial effects of this protective autacoid without the limiting side effects associated with using adenosine itself or an adenosine mimetic or transport inhibitor. The demonstrated efficacy of acadesine in various models of myocardial ischaemia and the preliminary clinical results 48 indicate that acadesine and other ARAs could represent important new additions to the cardiologist's armamentarium to combat myocardial ischaemia and its sequelae.
Comparative Susceptibility of Latin American and United States Students to Enteric Pathogens
Authors: Herbert L. DuPont, Jorge Olarte, Dolores G. Evans, Larry K. Pickering, Emma Galindo, Doyle J. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

This study was designed to verify the importance of toxigenic Escherichia coli and other etiologic agents in diarrhea of travelers. In particular, we sought data to compare the relative importance of enteric pathogens in persons from different geographic locations exposed to a common environment where diarrhea could be anticipated. Therefore, our study was undertaken at a Mexican university where students from various countries congregate.MethodsA clinic and microbiology laboratory were established at Universidad de las Americas, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, June through August, 1975, for the study of acute diarrhea. A student was defined as having diarrhea if he or . . .
The Whipple Riddle
Authors: J. T. Lie
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Whipple disease (intestinal lipodystrophy) is a systemic disorder that involves not only the small bowel and lymph nodes but also the liver, spleen, heart, brain, and other organs. Histopathologically, the disease is characterized by the ubiquitous macrophages that give a positive diastase-resistant PAS staining reaction. Although Whipple disease can be treated with antibiotics, its etiology remains one of the unsolved riddles of medicine, that is, perhaps, until now. Clancy and associates<sup>1</sup>recently reported in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>that a cell wall-deficient form (CWD) of an α-hemolytic<i>Streptococcus</i>was grown from a prolonged monolayer cell culture of a lymph node taken from a patient with Whipple disease. Serological cross reactivity was shown between the organisms and the material within Whipple disease macrophages. In vitro studies characterized the organisms as a facultative intracellular parasite that caused the accumulation within cells of PASpositive material. Moreover, parenteral injection of this CWD organism into
Instantaneous and steady-state pressure- flow relations of the coronary system in the canine beating heart
Authors: G. A V. HUIS, P. SIPKEMA, N. WESTERHOF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Steady-state and instantaneous pressure-flow relations were both obtained from the pump-perfused left coronary bed of the beating heart in seven mongrel dogs. The steady-state pressure-flow relation was obtained by changing flow, and measuring pressure after it reached a steady level; it showed a sigmoid shape, with flow-regulation around 70 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1, and it had an average zero-flow pressure intercept of 1.9 kPa (14 mmHg). This curve was represented by an equation, using four parameters. The quality of regulation of the coronary bed could be quantified with this equation by determining the pressure range, when flow was changed from 25% below to 25% above control level. We found this pressure range to be 8.7 +/- 2.4 kPa (65 +/- 18 mmHg) on the average. The tangent at each point of steady-state pressure-flow relation was called differential resistance. Instantaneous pressure-flow relations were obtained by superimposing stepwise changes of flow of different amplitude, at several steady-state levels of flow. Pressure followed these steps with a time-constant of 0.3 +/- 0.1 s, due to capacitive effects, then remained constant during 3 to 4 s, and thereafter changed due to regulation. Pressure was measured during the plateau, assuming it to be a regulation-free period. The instantaneous pressure-flow relations were found to be linear, and the slope was called instantaneous resistance. In the physiological range of flows, instantaneous resistance increased with flow. The ratio between instantaneous and differential resistance, the regulatory index, is suggested to quantify regulation at each point of the steady-state curve. This index was between one and zero up to the upper limit of the regulatory range; at higher flows it was negative. In the maximally vasodilated bed the instantaneous pressure-flow relations fell along the steady-state relation, and the regulatory index was thus equal to zero at all flow-levels.
Apotopes and the biliary specificity of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Ana Lleo, Carlo Selmi, Pietro Invernizzi, Mauro Podda, Ross L. Coppel, Ian R. Mackay, Gregory J. Gores, Aftab A. Ansari, Judy Van de Water, M. Eric Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), directed to the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2). Notwithstanding the presence of mitochondria in virtually all nucleated cells, the destruction in PBC is limited to small intrahepatic bile ducts. The reasons for this tissue specificity remain unknown, although biliary epithelial cells (BECs) uniquely preserve the PDC-E2 epitope following apoptosis. Notably, PBC recurs in an allogeneic transplanted liver, suggesting generic rather than host PBC–specific susceptibility of BEC. We used cultured human intrahepatic BECs (HIBECs) and other well-characterized cell lines, including, HeLa, CaCo-2 cells, and nontransformed human keratinocytes and bronchial epithelial cells, to determine the integrity and specific localization of PDC-E2 during induced apoptosis. All cell lines, both before and after apoptosis, were tested with sera from patients with PBC (n = 30), other autoimmune liver and rheumatic diseases (n = 20), and healthy individuals (n = 20) as well as with a mouse monoclonal antibody against PDC-E2 and AMA with an immunoglobulin A isotype. PDC-E2 was found to localize unmodified within apoptotic blebs of HIBECs, but not within blebs of various other cell lineages studied. The fact that AMA-containing sera reacted with PDC-E2 on apoptotic BECs without a requirement for permeabilization suggests that the autoantigen is accessible to the immune system during apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the tissue (cholangiocyte) specificity of the autoimmune injury in PBC is a consequence of the unique characteristics of HIBECs during apoptosis and can be explained by exposure to the immune system of intact immunoreactive PDC-E2 within apoptotic blebs. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Castor-Oil in Neuralgia.
Authors: N. O'D. Parks
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Ashton, R. I., Aug. 13, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As touching the treatment of facial neuralgia by castor-oil, your correspondent, Dr. W. S. Caldwell, in his "Rambling Notes of a Roving Doctor," inThe Journalof August 11, page 368, says the theory entertained in the Allgemienes Krankenhaus, Vienna, is that the beneficial effects of this mode of treatment result from the elimination of toxins, which, absorbed into the circulation, produce this disease. About a month ago a young woman appealed piteously to me for relief from supraorbital neuralgia, from which she suffered excruciating agony. She had been treated with various remedies by her brother, who is a physician in good practice, without benefit. On the advice of a young hospital surgeon the brother intended to have the supraorbital nerve resected, but deferred the operation until after his return from Europe, where he had gone, and was expected back in
Cox proportional hazards regression
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers measured the effect on one year mortality of secondary drug prevention for patients with stroke in routine primary care. They used a cohort study design, which incorporated patient data from the health improvement network primary care database. Participants were 12 830 patients aged 50 years or more from 113 general practices. They had all had a stroke between 1995 and 2005 and survived the first 30 days after the stroke. Secondary drug prevention was defined as being prescribed either antihypertensives plus lipid lowering drugs plus antithrombotics or antihypertensives plus lipid lowering drugs.1 Cox proportional hazards regression was used to investigate one year mortality, defined as death from any cause from 31 days after the stroke and within the first year. Univariable and multivariable analyses between one year mortality and secondary drug prevention, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, and age group were performed (table⇓). Socioeconomic deprivation was measured by the Townsend score, which assesses socioeconomic deprivation in families and includes measurement of employment status, overcrowding, car ownership, and owner occupation status. View this table: Hazard ratios for association between one year mortality and secondary drug prevention, sex, Townsend deprivation index, and age group in patients after stroke On average, mortality within the first year was 5.7% for patients receiving secondary drug prevention compared with 11.1% for patients not receiving treatment. Secondary drug prevention was associated with a 50% reduction in mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.59). Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Respiratory diseases in the world: one voice "united for lung health"
Authors: Peter J. Barnes, Francesco Blasi, Brian Ward, Elin Reeves, Klaus F. Rabe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The lungs are essential organs for life. However, lung diseases (including at least 10 major conditions and many more rare and orphan diseases) cause pain and suffering for millions and are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There are many risk factors for respiratory disease, which can start from a very early age, although many are avoidable and their effects treatable.

As a society, over the years, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) has been quick to respond to changing health priorities, and to raise awareness of respiratory medicine in the media and attract the attention of policy makers in Europe. In 2013, the society launched a new edition of The European Lung White Book [1], which draws on the latest data from the World …
Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgM against myelin lipids predicts an aggressive disease course in MS
Authors: Luisa M. Villar, María C. Sádaba, Ernesto Roldán, Jaime Masjuan, Pedro González-Porqué, Noelia Villarrubia, Mercedes Espiño, José A. García-Trujillo, Alfredo Bootello, José C. Álvarez-Cermeño
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Oligoclonal IgM bands restricted to cerebrospinal fluid are an unfavorable prognostic marker in MS, the most common demyelinating disease of the CNS. We have attempted to identify the B cell subpopulation responsible for oligoclonal IgM secretion and the specificity of these bands. In addition, we explored the relationship between specificity and disease evolution. Intrathecal B cell subpopulations present in 29 MS patients with oligoclonal IgM bands and 52 without them were analyzed. A considerable increase in CD5+ B lymphocytes was found in patients with oligoclonal IgM bands. These cells mostly secrete IgM antibodies recognizing nonproteic molecules. We also studied whether oligoclonal IgM bands present in cerebrospinal fluid of 53 MS patients were directed against myelin lipids. This was the case in most patients, with phosphatidylcholine being the most frequently recognized lipid. Disease course of 15 patients with oligoclonal IgM against myelin lipids and 33 patients lacking them was followed. Patients with anti-lipid IgM suffered a second relapse earlier, had more relapses, and showed increased disability compared with those without anti-lipid IgM. The presence of intrathecal anti–myelin lipid IgM antibodies is therefore a very accurate predictor of aggressive evolution in MS.