tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Substance abuse atlas highlights gaps in provision of care
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Health Organization has launched the first global report on the amount countries spend on treating disorders related to alcohol and illicit drug use.

Shekhar Saxena, WHO director of mental health and substance abuse, said, “Alcohol and illicit drugs are harming millions of people in many ways, from becoming dependent on such substances to causing a range of other health problems, such as injuries, cardiovascular diseases, HIV and hepatitis C or cancers.”

WHO’s new ATLAS on Substance Abuse outlines what resources exist in different parts …
Accurate nonfluoroscopic guidance of direct myocardial revascularization with holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser in the canine left ventricle
Authors: S. Shpun, J. Talpatanu, H. Kerner, L. Gepstein, G. Hayam, S.A. Ben-Haim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Neurologists put their sleuthing techniques to good use as crime writers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Doxorubicin (DOX) is a common drug in cancer chemotherapy, and its high DNA-binding affinity can be harnessed in preparing DOX-loaded DNA nanostructures for targeted delivery and therapeutics. Although DOX has been widely studied, the existing literature of DOX-loaded DNA nanocarriers remains limited and incoherent. Here, based on an in-depth spectroscopic analysis, we characterize and optimize the DOX loading into different 2D and 3D scaffolded DNA origami nanostructures (DONs). In our experimental conditions, all DONs show similar DOX binding capacities (one DOX molecule per two to three base pairs), and the binding equilibrium is reached within seconds, remarkably faster than previously acknowledged. To characterize customizable drug release profiles, DON degradation and DOX release from the complexes upon DNase I digestion was studied. For the employed DONs, the relative doses (DOX molecules released per unit time) may vary by two orders of magnitude depending on the DON superstructure. In addition, we identify DOX aggregation mechanisms and spectral changes linked to pH, magnesium, and DOX concentration. This has been largely ignored in experimenting with DNA nanostructures, but is probably a major source of the incoherence of the experimental results so far. Therefore, we believe this work can act as a guide to tailoring the release profiles and developing better drug delivery systems based on DNA carriers.
Iodide Excess and Thyroid Function
Authors: IRWIN KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Editorials1 March 1983Iodide Excess and Thyroid FunctionIRWIN KLEIN, M.D., GERALD S. LEVEY, M.D.IRWIN KLEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERALD S. LEVEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-406 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough the critical role of iodine in the regulation of thyroid gland function has been recognized for many years, other aspects of its use remain controversial. The appropriate amount of iodine needed for supplementation of food and water supplies, the role of iodine in the treatment of persons in the area of a nuclear reactor accident or patients with Graves' disease, and the incidence of iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis in the general population have all been debated. Thus, the recently published review, "Iodide-Induced Thyrotoxicosis" by Fradkin and Wolff (1), is timely.Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis is a form of hyperthyroidism that generally effects an...References1. FRADKINWOLFF JJ. Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis. Medicine. 1983;62:1-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KLEINLEVEY IG. Silent thyrotoxic thyroiditis [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:242-4. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MELMEDNADEMANEEREEDHENDRICKSONSINGHHERSHMAN SKAJBJ. Hyperthyroxinemia with bradycardia and normal thyrotropin secretion after chronic amidarone administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;53:997-1001. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WOLFF J. Iodide goiter and the pharmacologic effects of excess iodide. Am J Med. 1969;47:101-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WUSHYHCHOPRASOLOMONHUANGCHU STIDHP. Comparison of sodium ipodate (oragrafin) and propylthiouracil in early treatment of hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;54:630-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: IRWIN KLEIN, M.D.; GERALD S. LEVEY, M.D.Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine The Pittsburgh Veterans Administration Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDraft Toxicological Profile for IodineAmiodarone and thyroid functionEffects of Iodine Disinfection Products in Spacecraft WaterAmiodarone, thyroid hormone indexes, and altered thyroid function: Long-term serial effects in patients with cardiac arrhythmiasLong-Term Retention of Contrast Medium in Sialography: A Case ReportAutoimmune Endocrine DiseaseAmiodarone: Electrophysiologic actions, pharmacokinetics and clinical effectsAmiodarone and thyroid function: Clinical implications during antiarrhythmic therapy 1 March 1983Volume 98, Issue 3Page: 406-407KeywordsFoodHyperthyroidismThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cardiac Arrest and the Limitations of Clinical Trials
Authors: Arthur B. Sanders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Out-of hospital cardiac arrest accounts for more than 330,000 deaths annually in the United States and Canada. Despite regular updates of guidelines for the management of these arrests, the rate of survival has been stagnant at 7.6% for more than 30 years.1,2 In this issue of the Journal, the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium reports the results of two randomized comparisons3,4 from the Prehospital Resuscitation Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed Analysis (ROC PRIMED) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00394706), which evaluated potential improvements in the management of out-of hospital cardiac arrest.The first component of the ROC PRIMED trial compared two . . .
Radionuclide Accumulation in the Proximal Esophagus During Esophageal Scintigraphy
Authors: FEDERICA CAROLA, ALBERTO BESTETTI, GIANLUIGI TAROLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 7-year-old boy with acid regurgitation, heartburn, vomiting, and frequent respiratory infections in the previous 3 months underwent gastroesophageal scintigraphy to evaluate reflux. He had a history of congenital atresia of the esophagus with a fistula located between the trachea and the upper esophageal pouch and other associated congenital abnormalities, including those of the genitourinary tract and heart. Since his birth, surgery had been done to close the fistula, canalize the esophagus, perform esophageal anastomosis, and to obviate gastroesophageal reflux with a Nissen fundoplication. Esophageal scintigraphy showed significant holdup (>50% of ingested activity) of Tc-99m hepatate-labeled orange juice in the proximal third of the esophagus, which was confirmed by a barium study.
Compliance with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease consulting their medical practitioners in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Maria C. Ariñez-Fernandez, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Marta M. Garcia-Carballo, Ángel Gil de Miguel, Pilar Carrasco-Garrido
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
P841 AWARENESS AND OPINION OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) PATIENTS ABOUT OBESITY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
Authors: S.P. Singh, B. Misra, D. Misra, G.K. Pati, A. Singh, S.K. Kar, M.K. Panigrahi, C. Meher, O. Agrawal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Doxorubicin Induces Apoptosis in Germ Line Stem Cells in the Immature Rat Testis and Amifostine Cannot Protect against This Cytotoxicity
Authors: Mi Hou, Dionisios Chrysis, Mirja Nurmio, Martti Parvinen, Staffan Eksborg, Olle Söder, Kirsi Jahnukainen
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The underlying primary damage to the seminiferous epithelium caused by chemotherapeutic regimens at childhood is largely unknown. The present investigation was designed to identify acute cytotoxic events in the testis caused by a single dose of doxorubicin. Male rats at 6, 16, and 24 days of age were injected with doxorubicin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline) alone and 24 and 48 hours later, the germ cell types and apoptotic cells in the seminiferous epithelium were examined. As indicated by microscopy and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, an 8-fold increase in the number of apoptotic germ cells in the testes of 6-day-old rats was observed 48 hours after doxorubicin treatment. Spermatogonia migrating to the basement membrane were the primary cell type undergoing this induced apoptosis. A single dose of amifostine (200 mg/kg) administered i.p. 15 minutes before injection of doxorubicin provided no protection against this enhanced apoptosis. Under the same conditions, testicular levels of p53 and activated caspase 8 were elevated, whereas the level of murine double minute-2 was lowered. In contrast, doxorubicin treatment did not result in any significant change in the physiologic, stage-specific germ cell apoptosis occurring in the testes of 16- and 24-day-old rats. These observations suggest that the initiation phase of spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Gonocytes and early spermatogonia are the cell types that are vulnerable to this p53-trigged apoptosis, which results in a decrease in the size of the pool of germ-line stem cells. Amifostine fails to protect the germ cells against this cytotoxic insult.
Isolated Kaposi sarcoma of the stomach
Authors: P. Markos, H. Ivekovic, R. Pulanic, B. Vucelic
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 54-year-old man was admitted to a regional hospital with fever, weight loss, and malaise. He was found to have infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple gastric submucosal nodules; biopsies of the nodules were taken, the histopathology of these being reported as gastric adenocarcinoma. The patient was therefore referred to our unit for further evaluation.
Optimizing Engineered Heart Tissue for Therapeutic Applications as Surrogate Heart Muscle
Authors: Hiroshi Naito, Ivan Melnychenko, Michael Didié, Karin Schneiderbanger, Pia Schubert, Stephan Rosenkranz, Thomas Eschenhagen, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Cardiac tissue engineering aims at providing heart muscle for cardiac regeneration. Here, we hypothesized that engineered heart tissue (EHT) can be improved by using mixed heart cell populations, culture in defined serum-free and Matrigel-free conditions, and fusion of single-unit EHTs to multi-unit heart muscle surrogates. Methods and Results— EHTs were constructed from native and cardiac myocyte enriched heart cell populations. The former demonstrated a superior contractile performance and developed vascular structures. Peptide growth factor-supplemented culture medium was developed to maintain contractile EHTs in a serum-free environment. Addition of triiodothyronine and insulin facilitated withdrawal of Matrigel from the EHT reconstitution mixture. Single-unit EHTs could be fused to form large multi-unit EHTs with variable geometries. Conclusions— Simulating a native heart cell environment in EHTs leads to improved function and formation of primitive capillaries. The latter may constitute a preformed vascular bed in vitro and facilitate engraftment in vivo. Serum- and Matrigel-free culture conditions are expected to reduce immunogenicity of EHT. Fusion of single-unit EHT allows production of large heart muscle constructs that may eventually serve as optimized tissue grafts in cardiac regeneration in vivo.
Timing tolerance to cancer
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

![Graphic][1] 

Large tumors (circles) appear more than a year after mice turn on an oncogene, long after T cells are disabled. Cancer cells outwit the immune system long before they debut as visible tumors, say Willimsky et al. (page 

[1687][2]).

Despite a wealth of studies,
Which reference class is evoked?
Authors: Craig R. M. McKenzie, Jack B. Soll
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Any instance (i.e., event, behavior, trait) belongs to infinitely many reference classes, hence there are infinitely many base rates from which to choose. People clearly do not entertain all possible reference classes, however, so something must be limiting the search space. We suggest some possible mechanisms that determine which reference class is evoked for the purpose of judgment and decision.
GMC is to set up expert group to review guidance on child protection work
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The General Medical Council is expected to announce soon the membership of its expert group to review guidance for paediatricians doing child protection work.

The UK regulator pledged last week to set up the group “to provide clarity and reassurance about what is expected from those who practise in this critically important area of health care.”

The GMC made its announcement on the day the Court of Appeal quashed a decision by a fitness to practise panel that David Southall, an expert on fabricated and induced illness with an international reputation, should be struck off for allegedly accusing a mother of murdering her son ( BMJ 2010;340:c2195, 20 Apr, doi:10.1136/BMJ.c2195).

The ruling and the decision to appoint an expert group to review the guidance were …
PTU-085 Impact of transient elastography (Fibroscan) in the management of patients with liver dysfunction in a regional centre in Northern Ireland
Authors: G P Manikpure, J Cash, N McDougall
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Transient elastography (Fibroscan) is a simple, non-invasive method of assessing liver fibrosis. It is measured by an ultrasound transducer probe and results are expressed in kilo-Pascals (kPa) with liver stiffness values ranging from 2.5 to 75 kPa. The results are immediately available and are operator-independent. Liver biopsy has long been the gold standard to evaluate fibrosis. Unfortunately, it is invasive and associated with complications. In addition the accuracy of the histology sample is subject to significant heterogeneity. Our aim was to determine how effective Fibroscan is in reducing the need for liver biopsy. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients undergoing Fibroscan during a 1-year period from 1 August 2010 to 31 July 2011 in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast were included. Patients who had biopsy pre-planned for the same day as Fibroscan were excluded. The following data were recorded: demographic data, Fibroscan readings, indication for Fibroscan and whether or not Fibroscan prevented the need for subsequent liver biopsy. All patients had at least 10 valid readings. <h3>Results</h3> 66 patients (36 male) underwent Fibroscan to evaluate if there was any evidence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. The underlying liver diagnoses were Hepatitis C (30), fatty liver disease (7), primary biliary cirrhosis (7), hepatitis B (6), hereditary haemochromatosis (4), deranged liver function tests (4), alcoholic liver disease (3), orthotopic liver transplant (2) and 1 each for cryptogenic cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hyperferritinaemia. Thirty-nine patients had a normal Fibroscan of whom 37 (95%) did not require a follow-up liver biopsy. 27 patients had high readings suggesting advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis of whom 8 (30%) required liver biopsy. Of the remainder, 16 (59%) did not require biopsy because Fibroscan had answered the clinical question and three failed to attend for review. Overall, 53 (80%) did not require a liver biopsy after Fibroscan was used to determine the presence or absence of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our cohort, Fibroscan prevented the need for liver biopsy in 80% of patients. Our main use of the test has been in attempting to identify patients with cirrhosis who might need hepatoma screening. Fibroscan is highly effective in reducing the need for biopsy in such cohorts. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Tumor vaccination against hepatoma: How does it work?
Authors: Shuichi Hanada, Takaji Wakita, Hiroshi Takahashi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Fusion of BERH–2 rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells with activated B cells produced hybrid cells that lost their tumorigenicity and became immunogenic. Syngeneic rats injected with BERH–2–B hybrid cells became resistant to challenge with parental BERH–2 cells, and rats with established BERH–2 hepatomas were cured by subsequent injection of BERH–2–B cells. Both CD4 and CD8+ cells were essential for the induction of protective immunity; however, only CD8+ cells were required for the eradication of BERH–2 tumors. The generation of hybrid tumor cells that elicit antitumor immune responses may be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Variability in the Clinical Presentation and Endoscopic Findings of Herpetic Esophagitis
Authors: R.W. Byard, M.C. Champion, M. Orizaga
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Three cases of herpetic esophagitis are reported in which the endoscopic features were non-specific and the triad of odynophagia, retrosternal pain and fever was absent, suggesting that the endoscopic and clinical presentation may be more variable than previously described.
Basic healthcare needs of care home residents are being neglected by commissioners
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More than half of care home residents are being denied prompt access to the basic healthcare they require, data collected by the healthcare regulator, the Care Quality Commission, show.

The data show that some older residents have to wait up to three months for formal checks for conditions such as bed sores, and just under 40% of residents have to wait more than two weeks for continence assessments.

Regular GP visits were arranged at 38% of homes, and 10% of care homes paid a local GP surgery to visit directly.

The British Geriatrics Society has accused primary care trusts of lacking interest in the needs of care home residents, …
Good morning Iraq
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Did you ever have so much passion that you thought you might burst into flames?Do you remember staying up all night putting the world to rights and raging against the conservative establishment?What happened?You are now bored stupid living in the suburbs, driving a Teutonic monster, and musing about private schools.Your "radicalism" is confined to wearing surf gear at the weekend and dreaming of buying a retreat in the Dordogne.Well, it's flashback time to an era when politics mattered to you.This book is about David Widgery, a father, general practitioner, writer, socialist, rock promoter, and a take-no-prisoners activist.In his short life he packed in more living than an entire nursing home.His willingness to speak out against injustice inspired many people of his generation.(Check out the celebrity endorsements.)He was a non-conformist and was expelled from school, only to attain his qualifications for medicine at night class.At university he skipped class to attend radical socialist meetings, write for an underground magazine, and demonstrate against the war in Vietnam.The lifestyle puritans would not have approved of his drinking at university.As if destined for greatness he duly failed his finals.All that was left to him was the rear end of medicine-inner city general practice-and his sentence was in the east end of London.Obscurity beckoned.David Widgery was unusual, for he had that rarest of gifts: passion.He had socialist ideals, but not the self obsessed "new" Thatcherite version that is peddled today.In the late 1970s and 1980s unemployment, strikes, poverty, and the destruction of many traditional communities scarred a generation.The social convulsions saw the emergence of the far right National Front touting a populist racist manifesto, which sparked race riots across Britain.The political left formed the Anti-Nazi League, which confronted the National Front in the streets, and Widgery was a founding figure.He wrote two influential books about the lives of his patients.These powerful testimonies countered the prevailing dogma that merely "getting on your bike" could emancipate the poor.In a regular column for the BMJ he articulated many of the untaught and unappreciated immeasurables of general practice.He had his own personal demons, and his struggle ended in 1992 at the age of 45.In the east end they have a name for his type: diamond geezer.
Singapore legalises compensation payments to kidney donors
Authors: B. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Protection of the athletes9 health is a clearly articulated objective of the International Olympic Committee. Longitudinal surveillance of injuries and illnesses can provide valuable data that may identify high-risk sports and disciplines. This is a foundation for introducing tailored preventive measures. During the XXIX Summer and XXI Winter Games, comprehensive injury and illness recording through the medical staff of the participating National Olympic Committees and the sports medicine clinics revealed that between 7% and 11% of all athletes incurred an injury or suffered from at least one occurrence of illness during the Games. The incidence of injuries and illnesses varied substantially between sports. In the future, risk factor and injury mechanism analyses in high-risk Olympic sports are essential to better direct injury-prevention strategies. Concomitantly, periodic health evaluations of athletes will be instrumental to optimise health protection.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) function is important to the development and expansion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Jennifer A. Woyach, Engin Bojnik, Amy S. Ruppert, Matthew R. Stefanovski, Virginia M. Goettl, Kelly A. Smucker, Lisa L. Smith, Jason A. Dubovsky, William H. Towns, Jessica MacMurray, Bonnie K. Harrington, Melanie E. Davis, Stefania Gobessi, Luca Laurenti, Betty Y. Chang, Joseph J. Buggy, Dimitar G. Efremov, John C. Byrd, Amy J. Johnson
Journal: Blood (2013)