tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in T and B lymphocytes in heart transplant patients early and late postoperatively.
Authors: T H Khalaf, S Strober, G Garrelts, E B Stinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Alterations in the percent and absolute number of thymus-derived (T) and bursa-equivalent (B) lymphocytes in peripheral blood were followed in 10 patients treated with antithymocyte globulin, prednisone, and azathioprine after cardiac transplantation. During the 1st postoperative wk the percent of T cells dropped below 10% in almost all cases (normal range, 65-91%) with a concomitant rise in the percent of B cells. However, the absolute T- and B-cell counts were both markedly depressed (less than 200 cells/mm3). During the 7-wk postoperative period the percent of T cells rose to 45-60% and the absolute count rose from 100 to 350 cells/mm3 (normal range, 1,092-2,400 cells/mm3). Although the percent of B cells was elevated (35-50%) during this period, the absolute B-cell count remained below the range of normals (268-640 cells/mm3). Follow-up of long-term survivors (3-60 mo postoperative) showed a continued marked T (467 cells/mm3) and B (95 cells/mm3) lymphocytopenia. Chronological relationships between the percent and absolute T-cell count and episodes of graft rejection in individual patients are discussed as possible adjuncts in the prediction of rejection crises.
<i>MMP12,</i>Lung Function, and COPD in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Gary M. Hunninghake, Michael H. Cho, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Manuel E. Soto-Quiros, Lydiana Avila, Jessica Lasky-Su, Chris Stidley, Erik Melén, Cilla Söderhäll, Jenny Hallberg, Inger Kull, Juha Kere, Magnus Svartengren, Göran Pershagen, Magnus Wickman, Christoph Lange, Dawn L. Demeo, Craig P. Hersh, Barbara J. Klanderman, Benjamin A. Raby, David Sparrow, Steven D. Shapiro, Edwin K. Silverman, Augusto A. Litonjua, Scott T. Weiss, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Genetic variants influencing lung function in children and adults may ultimately lead to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly in high-risk groups.We tested for an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) and a measure of lung function (prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV(1)]) in more than 8300 subjects in seven cohorts that included children and adults. Within the Normative Aging Study (NAS), a cohort of initially healthy adult men, we tested for an association between SNPs that were associated with FEV(1) and the time to the onset of COPD. We then examined the relationship between MMP12 SNPs and COPD in two cohorts of adults with COPD or at risk for COPD.The minor allele (G) of a functional variant in the promoter region of MMP12 (rs2276109 [-82A-->G]) was positively associated with FEV(1) in a combined analysis of children with asthma and adult former and current smokers in all cohorts (P=2x10(-6)). This allele was also associated with a reduced risk of the onset of COPD in the NAS cohort (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.92; P=0.02) and with a reduced risk of COPD in a cohort of smokers (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88; P=0.005) and among participants in a family-based study of early-onset COPD (P=0.006).The minor allele of a SNP in MMP12 (rs2276109) is associated with a positive effect on lung function in children with asthma and in adults who smoke. This allele is also associated with a reduced risk of COPD in adult smokers.
RELATIONSHIP OF GERMINAL CENTERS IN LYMPHOID TISSUE TO IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY
Authors: J. D. Wakefield, G. J. Thorbecke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

White-pulp cells and whole spleen from donor mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes were transferred intravenously to heavily irradiated mice. The numbers of plaque-forming cells and the amount of hemagglutinating antibody produced after reexposure to antigen were measured. When reexposure to sheep erythrocytes was delayed, a much greater response occurred in the transferred cells. Peak responsiveness was reached at 24 hr after transfer. This "lag effect" was greatly reduced by repeated injections of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into the recipient mice prior to challenge with antigen. It was therefore concluded that much of the increase in responsiveness was due to a proliferation of "primed" cells after cell transfer. The fact that a significant response was given by the transferred cells in spite of 5-bromodeoxyuridine treatment suggested that some of the primed cells were nondividing. White pulp was a much richer source of responsive cells than was whole spleen.
Headaches in Children
Authors: W. H. Day
Journal: BMJ (1872)

of warm water) were introduced into the sixth interspace, in the axil- lary line, and, immediately after the first ounce or two had passed, the respirations became less hurried.One pint and a half of clear straw- coloured serous fluid were withdrawn.There was complete re-expan- sion of the compressed lung, and, on listening, the respiratory mur- murs were distinctly heard.Shortly after the operation, the little patient lay comfortable on the sound side, slept, and passed a good night.March 4.-He expressed himself as quite well ; pulse I 20.Vesicular breathing was well heard.There were no signs of any re-accumulation of fluid.Marclh 6.-The respirations were quiet; there was no difficulty or pain during respiration, or when turning from side to side; pulse Ioo.In the evening he had two slight rigors, shortly followed by several watery stools.March Ii.-He continued to improve; pulse go.He had no pain or uneasiness, and felt stronger.His appetite was good.March i8.-During the last four days he had been going about the house without any difficulty or accelerated breathing.March 22.-There was no shrinking of the walls of the chest, or evi- dence of the reaccumulation of fluid ; the respirations were normal.This case has been recorded as an example of the beneficial effects of the early performance of paracentesis thoracis in cases of acute pleurisy with effusion.From the time of the operation there has not been one unfavourable symptom, showing.theavoidance of the formation of ad- hesive bands, with the gradual contraction of the affected side, and diminished power of expansion, occasionally accompanied with a partly carnified lung.Up to the present time (September), he is in excellent health. HEADACHES IN CHILDREN.+
Optimized rod length of polyplex micelles for maximizing transfection efficiency and their performance in systemic gene therapy against stroma-rich pancreatic tumors
Authors: Anjaneyulu Dirisala, Kensuke Osada, Qixian Chen, Theofilus A. Tockary, Kaori Machitani, Shigehito Osawa, Xueying Liu, Takehiko Ishii, Kanjiro Miyata, Makoto Oba, Satoshi Uchida, Keiji Itaka, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
TCT- 65 The Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Hemodynamic Support in Patients Undergoing High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with or without Cardiogenic Shock: Bayesian Approach Network Meta-Analysis of 13 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jonghanne Park, Joo Myung Lee, Ji-hyun Jung, Ki-Hyun Jeon, Sang Eun Lee, Jung-Kyu Han, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Han-Mo Yang, Kyung Woo Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Foodborne Outbreak of Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Diarrhea
Authors: William R. Taylor, Wendy L. Schell, Joy G. Wells, Keewhan Choi, Dale E. Kinnunen, Patrick T. Heiser, Arlan G. Helstad
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

AFTER the discovery that Escherichia coli could produce a pathogenic toxin,1 toxigenic Esch. coli was identified as a major cause of childhood diarrhea in the less-developed parts of the world2 , 3 and as the leading cause of travelers' diarrhea.4 , 5 Despite worldwide distribution,6 cases of diarrhea caused by toxigenic Esch. coli are rarely detected in the United States.7 Five outbreaks have been reported: three in nurseries8 9 10 and two after exposure to a common source.11 , 12 Apart from person-to-person transmission in nurseries, only water has been conclusively demonstrated as a vehicle of transmission.12 In this paper we describe a common-source outbreak of toxigenic Esch. . . .
Abstract 5471: Notch-antibody drug conjugates have a different mechanism of action than Notch signaling inhibitors and induce tumor regression.
Authors: Kenneth G. Geles, Yijie Gao, Latha Sridharan, Andreas Giannakou, Ting-Ting Yamin, Jonathan Golas, Manoj Charati, Kiran Khandke, Judy Lucas, Andreas Maderna, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Lioudmila Tchistiakova, Hans-Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There are four different Notch receptors in mammalian cells that have overlapping patterns of expression in embryonic and adult tissues, but fulfill non-redundant roles during hematopoietic stem cell specification, T cell development, intestinal crypt cell specification and vascular development. Notch receptors are over-expressed or amplified in certain human tumors and regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival through an intracellular domain that functions as a transcriptional activator. Several strategies are in development to block Notch signaling for therapeutic purposes in cancer, including gamma-secretase inhibitors that block all Notch signaling and antibody-based targeting of individual receptors. However, blocking pathway activation with inhibitory antibodies has proven to be less efficacious than originally anticipated. Therefore, we have targeted Notch with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that combine the specificity of high affinity anti-Notch antibodies with the cytotoxicity of microtubule inhibitors. These ADCs enhance efficacy and also allow targeting in tumors that overexpress Notch but are not driven by its signaling. Notch antibodies were conjugated though cleavable and non-cleavable linkers to novel tubulin inhibitor-based payloads. Notch-ADCs inhibited the in vitro growth of lung, breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in the low ng/ml range and in vivo regressed the growth of established human tumor xenografts. Our data demonstrate that Notch-ADCs are more potent than small molecule inhibitors and unconjugated antibodies, and induce sustained tumor regression in pre-clinical models. Citation Format: Kenneth G. Geles, Yijie Gao, Latha Sridharan, Andreas Giannakou, Ting-Ting Yamin, Jonathan Golas, Manoj Charati, Kiran Khandke, Judy Lucas, Andreas Maderna, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Lioudmila Tchistiakova, Hans-Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra. Notch-antibody drug conjugates have a different mechanism of action than Notch signaling inhibitors and induce tumor regression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5471. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5471
A randomized controlled study in patients with newly diagnosed severe aplastic anemia receiving antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine, with or without G-CSF: a study of the SAA Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: André Tichelli, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Gérard Socié, Judith Marsh, Andrea Bacigalupo, Ulrich Dührsen, Anke Franzke, Michael Hallek, Eckhard Thiel, Martin Wilhelm, Britta Höchsmann, Alain Barrois, Kim Champion, Jakob R. Passweg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Gremlin Plays a Key Role in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Edwina Cahill, Christine M. Costello, Simon C. Rowan, Susan Harkin, Katherine Howell, Martin O. Leonard, Mark Southwood, Eoin P. Cummins, Susan F. Fitzpatrick, Cormac T. Taylor, Nicholas W. Morrell, Finian Martin, Paul McLoughlin
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Pulmonary hypertension occurs in chronic hypoxic lung diseases, significantly worsening morbidity and mortality. The important role of altered bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in pulmonary hypertension was first suspected after the identification of heterozygous BMP receptor mutations as the underlying defect in the rare heritable form of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that BMP signaling was also reduced in common forms of pulmonary hypertension, including hypoxic pulmonary hypertension; however, the mechanism of this reduction has not previously been elucidated.Expression of 2 BMP antagonists, gremlin 1 and gremlin 2, was higher in the lung than in other organs, and gremlin 1 was further increased in the walls of small intrapulmonary vessels of mice during the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia stimulated gremlin secretion from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, which inhibited endothelial BMP signaling and BMP-stimulated endothelial repair. Haplodeficiency of gremlin 1 augmented BMP signaling in the hypoxic mouse lung and reduced pulmonary vascular resistance by attenuating vascular remodeling. Furthermore, gremlin was increased in the walls of small intrapulmonary vessels in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and the rare heritable form of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a distribution suggesting endothelial localization.These findings demonstrate a central role for increased gremlin in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and the increased pulmonary vascular resistance in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. High levels of basal gremlin expression in the lung may account for the unique vulnerability of the pulmonary circulation to heterozygous mutations of BMP type 2 receptor in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
A Technique of Low Retroperitoneoscopy
Authors: P.A. Fantoni, S. Tognoli, M. Astuni, P. Mondina, C. Baroni, G. Pisa, G. Anoardo
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

The same instrument and technique used for mediastinoscopy were adapted for the exploration of the retroperitoneal space up to the medium-low level. 13 procedures in 12 patients were performed without complications, with positive histological confirmation when pathological tissue was present.
Human Labor and Birth
Authors: T. Keith Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book is a very complete account of the mechanisms by which the fetus passes through the pelvis, the actual birth of the baby, and the management of the patient in the labor and delivery room in normal and abnormal situations. It was originally conceived and written by Dr Harry Oxorn and the late Dr William R. Foote, who died in April of 1973. The present edition is entirely the work of Dr Oxorn, who is professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Ottawa. The pertinent material in each chapter is presented in clear, concise, tabular form with little discussion and no debate. Dr Oxorn states in the preface that he has followed the general principle, "As long as the boundaries of medical safety are observed, every woman has the right to give birth to her baby in the manner she chooses." It is his opinion that many
Transient Blindness Following Head Injury in Children
Authors: John F. Griffith, Philip R. Dodge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Seven patients aged six to 16 years, had transient total blindness following seemingly trivial blunt head trauma. The blindness persisted for a few minutes to three to four hours. With one exception, there were no other ocular abnormalities. Bilateral occipital slowing was noted on the electroencephalogram in the early post-traumatic period. Restlessness and agitation were prominent during the period of blindness, but behavior reverted to normal with the return of vision. Recovery was complete in every case. The type of trauma frequently involving the parieto-occipital regions, the prominence of posterior slowing on the electroencephalogram and the absence of associated ocular abnormalities when the blindness was complete suggest some type of temporary cerebral dysfunction, although the precise mechanism is obscure.
Deficiency of CD34+c-kit+ and CD34+38- hematopoietic precursors in aplastic anemia after immunosuppressive treatment
Authors: Chantal Y. Manz, Catherine Nissen, Alexandra Wodnar-Filipowicz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

To characterize the persistent abnormalities of hematopoiesis in aplastic anemia (AA) after immunosuppression with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), we analyzed the quantity, phenotype, and growth properties of hematopoietic progenitor cells in 13 patients who received ALG treatment. Flow cytometry (FACS) revealed a deficiency of CD34+ cells in bone marrow (BM) of all patients. This deficiency was most severe (40-fold) in 4 patients in AA relapse. In 9 patients in remission, CD34+ cells were reduced 2–10-fold and showed no correlation with the ALG-induced improvement of peripheral blood cell counts. The proportion of CD34+ cells carrying c-kit receptors was abnormally low (2–10-fold below normal) in 5 of 13 AA patients. These patients also displayed low levels of c-kit mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the CD34+ cell population was almost completely depleted of CD34+CD38- early hematopoietic progenitors in all AA patients. The proportion of CD34+ cells expressing lineage differentiation antigens CD33, CD71, and CD45RA in AA was increased, as compared to control BM. Formation of hematopoietic colonies by FACS-purified CD34+ cells was nearly absent in 4 relapsed patients, normal in 4 of 9, and decreased (up to 10-fold) in 5 of 9 patients in remission. The degree of impairment of colony-forming ability by AA progenitors correlated well with the reduction of CD34+ c-kit+ cells. The best proliferative response of CD34+ cells was observed in the presence of stem cell factor and, in some cases, flt3 ligand. Our results indicate that the disease process in AA depletes immature BM progenitors, thus providing a plausible explanation for persistent defects in colony-forming ability and long-term regenerative capacity of AA marrow after immunosuppression. Analysis of the immunophenotypes and the proliferative properties of purified progenitors may be useful for estimating degree of hematopoietic recovery in ALG-treated patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Following the cytokine signaling pathway to leukemogenesis: a chronology
Authors: Kendall A. Smith, James D. Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Studies over the past 50 years revealing the molecular events that promote normal T lymphocyte cycle competence and progression led to a detailed understanding of how cytokines function to regulate normal hematopoietic cell proliferation. During that same period, the molecular and genetic changes introduced by the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia were unraveled, and these have led to an understanding of how mutations that constitutively activate normal cytokine signaling pathways can cause unregulated cell proliferation and malignant transformation. Based on the paradigm established by these data, it is inescapable that going forward, investigators will operate under the hypothesis that transformation of additional cells and tissues will have a similar pathogenesis.
Propranolol in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: O. Bryan Holland, Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

With heightened awareness of the need for better treatment of millions of hypertensive patients, physicians have markedly increased their use of antihypertensive drugs in the past few years. Empirical use of agents now available can control the blood pressure in almost every patient, though sometimes with troublesome side effects.The beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol has been eagerly accepted as an antihypertensive agent for a number of reasons: it is said to be effective in as many as 90 per cent of patients, when used with a diuretic1; side effects are reported to be infrequent and relatively mild in most patients; . . .
Systemic delivery of sticky siRNAs targeting the cell cycle for lung tumor metastasis inhibition
Authors: Marie-Elise Bonnet, Jean-Baptiste Gossart, Elodie Benoit, Mélanie Messmer, Omar Zounib, Valérie Moreau, Jean-Paul Behr, Nathalie Lenne-Samuel, Valérie Kedinger, Aline Meulle, Patrick Erbacher, Anne-Laure Bolcato-Bellemin
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Traumatic Ventricular Pneumocephalus
Authors: M. Gaines
Journal: BMJ (1943)

According to Bedford, Paff, and Parkinson (1941) congenital dilatation of the pulmonary artery is a rarity, while septal defect is the commonest congenital malformation of the heart.Those authors stress the great dilatation of the pulmonary artery and its branches that accompanies atrial septal defect, and, while attempting to differentiate between these two conditions, confess that differential diagnosis may be impossible.Other authors, notably Assmann (1928), describe this congenital dilatation as a primary condition due to asymmetrical divisions of the truncus arteriosus communis.Jennes (1936) points out that dilatation of the pulmonary artery is as rare as dilatation of the aorta is common.In a total of 38,000 necropsies done at various English-speaking hospitals no case was discovered up to 1936.In all, 122 cases have been recognized, and, with the exception of 12, all at necropsy.From the descriptions of some of these cases they were probably of the type described by Bedford, Paff, and Parkinson.Master (1939) states that in atrial septal defect large auricles result, with enormous P waves.The opinion expressed by Bedford, Paff, and Parkinson (1941) is contrary to this statement: except in a certain proportion of cases, the right auricle was grossly enlarged, but not the left.Assmann's classification of congenital dilatation of the pul- monary artery appears to be of value, and is as follows:
Présentation d'une nouvelle technique endoscopique de traitement du RGO: la fundoplicature endoluminale type Esophix
Authors: J Boyer, V Quentin, JP Arnaud, E Lermitte
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La méthode de référence du traitement chirurgical du reflux gastro oesophagien est la valve antireflux plus ou moins complète réalisée par la paroscopie; en alternative, plusieurs techniques mini invasives réalisées par voie endoscopique ont été évaluées depuis une dizaine d'années sans succès probant; la plupart de ces techniques ont été abandonnées.
A/Hong Kong Influenza Immunity Three Years After Immunization
Authors: Hjordis M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1973)

We studied influenza infection and disease in school children vaccinated with either 400 chick cell agglutination units of A/Hong Kong influenza virus vaccine or monovalent influenza virus vaccine type B (controls) in 1968, through the third A/Hong Kong influenza epidemic in January 1972, in Seattle. During the three A/Hong Kong influenza epidemics (1968 to 1969, 1970, and 1972), the serologically determined infection rates among controls were 14%, 23%, and 26%. Only one of the 156 control subjects had serologic titer rises in two epidemics, suggesting that repeated A/Hong Kong influenza was rare. Based on serologic data and illness reports from 303 children observed during the 1972 epidemic, the A/Hong Kong influenza virus vaccine given three years earlier was still approximately 60% effective in preventing influenza. Considering that many control children had become naturally immune in the interim, true efficacy may have been higher. Vaccine-induced immunity was also reflected in lower rates of school absenteeism among the 1,516 students so studied.