tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol-Induced Sexual Impotence
Authors: FREDERICK LEMERE, JAMES W. SMITH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Sexual impotence resulting from prolonged alcohol abuse may persist even after years of sobriety. The authors believe this problem is neither a psychological nor a hormonal defect but is due to the destructive effect of alcohol on the neurogenic reflex arc that serves the process of erection. The damage may be irreversible, accounting for the inability of some men to reattain potency.
Annual report October 2002 to September 2003
Authors: J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2003)

In January 2003 the Editorship of Thorax changed and it is with great privilege and considerable awe and trepidation that we took over as Editors.1 Under the editorship of John Britton and Alan Knox Thorax has achieved high standards and increased its impact factor, which now stands at 4.078 (fig 1). Thorax is currently the most successful European respiratory journal and the third among all respiratory journals (behind the two American Thoracic Society publications). The readership of Thorax , together with the whole respiratory community, owes an enormous debt of gratitude to John and Alan and the previous editorial team for their outstanding achievement.

With the advent of the new editorial team, Thorax changed to an online submission system using Bench>Press.5 Although there were some initial difficulties with the change over from a paper based system to complete online submission, this is now running very well and authors, reviewers, and all our editors seem to have adapted very well to the change. The number of submissions to Thorax has increased, particularly from March 2003, with a total of 1260 submissions for the 12 months from October 2002 to 30 September 2003, representing an overall increase of …
Malignant Hyperpyrexia during Anaesthesia: Possible Association with Subclinical Myopathy
Authors: H. Isaacs, M. B. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The members of a family in whom three malignant hyperpyrexial deaths occurred during anaesthesia were studied by means of serum creatine phosphokinase estimations. Abnormally high levels were found in many asymptomatic relatives. It is suggested that the abnormal levels reflect a subclinical myopathy of autosomal dominant inheritance which possesses a potentially lethal propensity resulting in a malignant hyperpyrexia when challenged with various anaesthetic agents. Possibly sudden unexplained deaths under varying circumstances are a further expression of this underlying abnormality.A possible clue to the anticipation of future cases of malignant hyperpyrexia has been found, and it is suggested that relatives of previous cases be investigated.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Papillary Cancer of the Duodenum
Authors: I. Oi, F. Hanyu, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

Two cases of cancer of the papillary region are reported in this paper. These two cancers were definitely diagnosed by fiberduodenoscopy and scopic biopsy without much difficulties. Over all, fiberduodenoscopy followed by scopic biopsy and pancreatocholangiography proved to be a valuable method for diagnosis of cancer of the papillary region.
The Chemotherapy of Brain Tumors
Authors: Derek Fewer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Eighty-one patients with recurrent primary or metastatic brain tumors were treated with carmustine (BCNU [1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1nitrosourea]) alone or carmustine and vincristine sulfate combined, and their responses analyzed. A response was defined as a clear clinical improvement unrelated to corticosteroid therapy. The overall response rate with carmustine was 48% and with the combination, 30%. In patients with glioblastoma, the response rates were 53% and 25%, respectively. The most responsive tumors were ependymomas; the least responsive, metastatic. The dose-limiting toxicity of carmustine was exclusively hematologic; of vincristine, exclusively neurologic, and severe enough to make drug effectiveness difficult to assess. We conclude that carmustine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, with an acceptable level of toxicity, for the treatment of brain tumors. Vincristine did not enhance the effectiveness of carmustine and we have discontinued the use of these drugs in combination.
Use of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Jennifer Pisano, Adam S. Cifu
Journal: JAMA (2015)

of the Clinical Problem Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commoncauseof upper respiratory tract infection and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It also causes invasivepneumococcaldisease(IPD)suchasbacteremia,bacterialmeningitis, endocarditis, andosteomyelitis. In2012, therewere anestimated31 600casesofpneumococcal infectionand3300related deaths in theUnited States. The highest rates of infection are among children and adults aged 65 years or older.1 PPSV23was licensed in theUnitedStates in 1983.According to a 2013meta-analysis, this vaccine is associated with prevention of IPD, but there is no consistent evidence that it is associatedwith reduced rates of all-cause pneumonia or all-causemortality.2 The addition of a 7-valent PCV (PCV7) in 2000 to the pediatric vaccine schedule was associated with decreases in both pediatric and adult IPD.3PCV13 isanotherconjugated vaccine that contains capsular polysaccharide antigens from 13 strains of S pneumoniae (includingthe6Astrain,astrainnot included inPPSV23)conjugated to inactivated diphtheria-tetanus toxoid. The conjugated vaccine formulation is thought to elicit a more robust T cell– dependent immune response than PPSV23, which is processed through a T cell–independent pathway.4
Treatment of Unclassified Mycobacteria
Authors: Constantine Vishnevsky
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journaleditorial, "The Unclassified Mycobacteria" (<b>184</b>:712 [June 1] 1963) the following statement was made: "With these infections, prolonged isolation, hospitalization, and chemotherapy with the attendant physical, financial, and psychological burdens are probably unwarranted and even dangerous." This statement is misleading and may leave the impression, with those who are not thoroughly familiar with the today's status of treatment of mycobacterioses, that chemotherapy in cases of infection with anonymous (unclassified) mycobacteria is not indicated. While it is true that the mode of transmission of infections with anonymous acid-fast bacillus (AFB) is not clear, and that the possibility of man-to-man transmission has not been proved, the infection with anonymous strains of AFB, especially with photochromogenic and Battey strains, may result in a severe progressive tuberculosis-like disease. The accepted treatment to prevent further progression of the disease and arrest it is antituberculous chemotherapy based on the same
Bad medicine: type 2 diabetes
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Type 2 diabetes is yet another “ticking time bomb.” With a tripling in the rate to 6% of UK men, and with general practitioners berated for the undiagnosed “missing million” cases, the number of people with diabetes is predicted to double in 20 years. The rationale for detection and treatment, supported by large observational studies, is to prevent cardiovascular and microvascular disease. This research also promotes aggressive control of glycated haemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and cholesterol—a mantra of “the lower the better.” So people with diabetes are potentially prescribed three drugs to control …
Mast Cells in the Circulatory System of Man
Authors: O. J. POLLAK
Journal: Circulation (1957)

This report is based upon a study of multiple segments of the cardiovascular system of 200 deceased persons and selected surgical specimens. Mast cells are present in the adventitia of all blood vessels. Only the largest vessels have mast cells in the intima and subintima as well. In this location the number of mast cells is highest in grossly normal but microscopically edematous areas. Mast cells are rarely present in early and are never present in advanced atheromatous lesions. The theory is advanced that mast cells are attracted by plasma insudate to release heparin for degradation of lipoproteins. Thus, mast cells might play a role in atherogenesis.
Carotid-Body Tumor
Authors: V Velebit, P A Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 70-year-old man underwent computed tomography (CT) of the chest for follow-up of oat-cell carcinoma that had been treated four years earlier. He was asymptomatic, and no mass was palpated in the neck. The CT extended to the neck (Panel A) and showed a hypervascular mass (white arrows) between the right internal carotid artery (long black arrow) and external carotid artery (short black arrow). No other anomalies were found. A carotid arteriogram was obtained and confirmed the diagnosis of a carotid-body tumor (arrow in Panel B). At surgery, dilatation of adventitial vessels was found and a small tumor . . .
Noise from television in hospital wards
Authors: K. Birkinshaw
Journal: BMJ (1981)

We would certainly support your view, and so would our patients, that adrenaline is the most effective drug to use and ought to be given first.It is surprising, therefore, to see no mention of adrenaline in the sections of the new British National Formulary on the treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect venom and of anaphylaxis from other causes.While the alternative advice to give intravenous hydrocortisone may be life saving in status asthmaticus-and we are in no way arguing against its use we believe that the failure to administer adrenaline in anaphylactic shock is dangerous.
Abstract 4915: Reduction of X-Ray Exposure by Patient Contouring
Authors: Thierry Lefèvre, Alice Ohanessian, Benjamin Wimille, Dominique Robert-Fournier, Cecilia Felix, Mohamed Chettibi, Yves Louvard, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose of the study . With increasing case complexity, radiation exposure is becoming a very important issue. One obvious element, which can result in dose reduction, is optimal placement of image receptor as close to the patient as possible. As part of the clinical workflow, even with best of intentions, the detector is often parked at a significant distance away from the patient and this may be improved by an automatic user-gantry interaction which automatically places the detector at an optimal distance from the patient surface. Methods . We determine the operator dose reduction impact of a patient contouring system which utilizes active sensors placed around the rim of the detector to optimally position the detector close to the patient surface compared to a conventional approach in the real world. On the cathlab platform Innova 2100 IQ (GE, Waukesha, WI), capacitive sensor elements are placed around the detector cover, which measures the minimal distance between the cover and the patient. Using a computer algorithm, the detector location is automatically controlled such that it rests at a preprogrammed distance of 7 cm from the patient surface with a fast response time of 20 deg/sec. Dose to the operator was recorded by an electronic dosimeter placed on the external side of the lead apron. Results . 250 consecutive patients admitted for coronary angiogram (n=234)or angioplasty (n=16) were randomly assigned for conventional approach (n=117) or patient contouring (n=133). The 2 patients populations were identical for age, indications, approach (radial or femoral), size, weight and body mass index. The operator effective dose was 5.71±6.34 μSv in the conventional group and 3.68±4.09 μSv in the patient contouring group (p = 0.0035), with an operator effective dose reduction of 35.5%. Conclusions . A simple technique of patient contouring may reduce operator effective dose by &gt;30%.
A reticulated eruption on the lower abdomen in a 17 year old girl
Authors: A. C. Seghers, S. Breathnach
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> The intergenerational effects of HIV require long-term investigation. We compared developmental outcomes of different generations impacted by HIV—children of mothers not living with HIV, the ‘second generation’ (ie, with recently infected mothers) and the ‘third generation’ (ie, children of perinatally infected mothers). <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional community sample of N=1015 young mothers (12–25 years) and their first children (2–68 months, 48.2% female), from South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. 71.3% (n=724) of children were born to mothers not living with HIV; 2.7% (n=27; 1 living with HIV) were third-generation and 26.0% (n=264; 11 living with HIV) second-generation children. Child scores on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), the WHO Ten Questions Screen for Disability and maternal demographics were compared between groups using χ<sup>2</sup> tests and univariate approach, analysis of variance analysis. Hierarchical linear regressions investigated predictive effects of familial HIV infection patterns on child MSEL composite scores, controlling for demographic and family environment variables. <h3>Results</h3> Second-generation children performed poorer on gross (M=47.0, SD=13.1) and fine motor functioning (M=41.4, SD=15.2) and the MSEL composite score (M=90.6, SD=23.0) than children with non-infected mothers (gross motor: M=50.4, SD=12.3; fine motor: M=44.4, SD=14.1; composite score: M=94.1, SD=20.7). The third generation performed at similar levels to non-exposed children (gross motor: M=52.4, SD=16.1; fine motor: M=44.3, SD=16.1, composite score: M=94.7, SD=22.2), though analyses were underpowered for definite conclusions. Hierarchical regression analyses suggest marginal predictive effects of being second-generation child compared with having a mother not living with HIV (B=−3.3, 95% CI=−6.8 to 0 .1) on MSEL total scores, and non-significant predictive effects of being a third-generation child (B=1.1, 5% CI=−7.5 to 9.7) when controlling for covariates. No group differences were found for disability rates (26.9% third generation, 27.7% second generation, 26.2% non-exposed; χ<sup>2</sup>=0.02, p=0.90). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Recently infected mothers and their children may struggle due to the disruptiveness of new HIV diagnoses and incomplete access to care/support during pregnancy and early motherhood. Long-standing familial HIV infection may facilitate care pathways and coping, explaining similar cognitive development among not exposed and third-generation children. Targeted intervention and fast-tracking into services may improve maternal mental health and socioeconomic support.
The Marijuana Problem
Authors: NORMAN Q. BRILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Use of marijuana is increasing. Although predominantly used by young people, it is not confined to any age, social, or occupational group. Marijuana is unusually safe (as compared with alcohol or barbiturates). It appears to cause no physical dependence, and no tolerance develops on continued use, but psychic dependence and habituation do occur. Although statistical evidence is lacking, some clinicians believe personality changes occur in chronic users. They describe diminished drive, ambition, and motivation, along with poor judgment, distractability, impaired ability to communicate, and diminished capacity to carry out complex plans or pursue career goals and believe there is some organic basis for these changes. Others have been reluctant to attribute such changes to marijuana because the chronic user has usually taken other drugs and because chronic marijuana use may be a manifestation rather than a cause of personality disorders. Some see drug abuse by middle-class youth as a symptom of dissatisfaction with the present values and direction of society, and the solution is seen to lie in the resolution of this conflict rather than through laws or control. In the next 10 years many more mind-altering drugs will become available, making it more imperative for the development of imaginative controls to replace the punitive approaches that have aggravated rather than solved the problem.
The costs of giving up: Action versus inaction asymmetries in regret
Authors: Antoinette Nicolle, Kevin Riggs
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Kurzban et al.'s opportunity cost model of mental effort relies heavily on counterfactual thinking. We suggest that a closer inspection of the role of counterfactual emotions, and particularly of action/inaction asymmetries in anticipated regret, may be important in understanding the role of opportunity costs in decisions to persist with a current task.
The Puzzle of Aspirin and Sex
Authors: Richard I. Levin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Recently, in New York, the geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza began a brilliant seminar with this introduction: "To understand the present, you have to understand history, and to understand biology, you have to understand evolution, because evolution is the history of biology." Although Cavalli-Sforza's life of exploration along the branches of the human genetic tree has led him to conclude that there is no genetic basis for race,1 there is most obviously a genetic basis for sex. So powerful is la différence that sexual differentiation probably emerged with the appearance of eukaryotes at least 2 billion years ago, Y emerged from . . .
PHOTOCONTACT DERMATITIS FROM JADIT
Authors: JOHN N. BURRY, G. A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY. The patterns of photo-contact dermatitis from Jadit (4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid-N-n butylamide) in Europe and South Australia are described and discussed. The clinical details of 11 cases reported by European authors are compared with those of 13 Australian cases, 11 of which are reported for the first time. It is noted that the average length of application before sensitization in Europe was greater than in Australia and is suggested that this difference is the result of climatic conditions. It is suggested that Jadit photo-dermatitis is a “conventional contact dermatitis” from photo degradation products; that the drug can be retained in the skirt and thereby cause persistent light reactions; and that it can be absorbed following local application and be distributed systemically. Cross-reactions between Jadit and several sulphanilamide derivatives which had been previously described in Europe were also found in 6 Australian cases.
Oxford Textbook of Oncology
Authors: Richard J. Ugoretz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In the 23 years since recognition of oncology as a specialty by the American Board of Internal Medicine and publication of the venerable Holland and Frei textbook of oncology, at least three comprehensive texts have appeared (De Vita, now in its fourth edition, Calabresi, and Moossa, on average 1000 pages shorter and in their second editions). To these may be added a major textbook focused on cancer treatment (Haskell, in a just released fourth edition), Fischer, Ackerman, and Horton (the last two out of print), plus a half-dozen handbooks and innumerable monographs devoted to narrower aspects of cancer medicine— more than enough to satisfy the most avid oncologic bibliophile. It might be fairly asked why anyone would introduce a new major textbook of oncology. Even with active programs of research, education, and treatment in every modern nation, each of the above mentioned texts was published in the United States. The
Ligation of Uterine and Ovarian Arteries.
Authors: F. Byron Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of Feb. 10, 1894, a report of a case is made by J. B. Greene, M.D. of Mishawaka, Ind. The report consists of a description of<i>ligating the uterine arteries and both ovarian arteries</i>. The writer said: "Accordingly I made the ligation of the uterine arteries and a part of the broad ligament, after the method described by Martin, but found it impossible to reach the ovarian arteries per vaginam. I then cut through the abdomen and with considerable difficulty was enabled to pass a ligature around both ovarian arteries, passing my needle under the Fallopian tubes and then back and around the vessel,tying close to the uterus. The uterus showed such a great engorgement of blood that I felt certain there would be no danger of gangrene of the uterus, as there was sufficient collateral circulation from branches of the ovarian arteries to
Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions on endothelial monolayers grown on micropore filters.
Authors: R F Taylor, T H Price, S M Schwartz, D C Dale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have developed a technique for growing endothelial monolayers on micropore filters. These monolayers demonstrate confluence by phase and electron microscopy and provide a functional barrier to passage of radiolabeled albumin. Neutrophils readily penetrate the monolayer in response to chemotaxin, whereas there is little movement in the absence of chemotaxin. This system offers unique advantages over available chemotaxis assays and may have wider applications in the study of endothelial function.
Measurement of regional neuronal removal of norepinephrine in man.
Authors: D S Goldstein, R Zimlichman, R Stull, J Folio, P D Levinson, H R Keiser, I J Kopin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We describe here and validate an in vivo technique to measure the regional proportionate removal of norepinephrine (NE) by neuronal uptake (Uptake1) in man. The measurement is based on the steady-state arterial and venous concentrations of tritiated NE and tritiated isoproterenol (ISO) during simultaneous infusion of both. The validity of this technique depends on the removal of circulating NE, but not of ISO, by sympathetic nerve endings and on there being no other factor contributing to the net difference in the plasma disappearance of these catecholamines. To test these hypotheses, we compared the removal of NE in the arm with that of ISO in 14 people and the effects of pretreatment with the specific inhibitor of Uptake1, desipramine, in 8 people. In all the subjects a greater percent of NE than of ISO was removed during passage of blood through the forearm (54 vs. 46%, P less than 0.0001). Pretreatment with desipramine decreased significantly the removal of NE to virtually exactly that of ISO. The difference in NE and ISO clearances by arm tissues was therefore completely accounted for by Uptake1. About 15% of infused NE which is removed in the arm is removed by Uptake1. The ability to measure regional Uptake1 should contribute to better understanding of the relationship between circulating levels of plasma NE and sympathetic neural activity and may allow detection of abnormalities of neuronal norepinephrine removal in clinical disease states.