tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foot Care Program for Patients With Leprosy Also May Prevent Amputations in Persons With Diabetes
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A FOOT SCREENING and treatment program developed for patients with Hansen's disease may prevent the great majority of lower extremity amputations in patients with diabetes. So say researchers at the Carville Foot Treatment Program of the Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, La. (Please see preceding article.) These researchers say that proper use of conservative treatments developed at the center would prevent more than 90% of lower-extremity amputations in diabetic patients (<i>Mil Med.</i>1990;155:575-579). <h3>Lower-Extremity Amputations</h3> At present, diabetes mellitus is the number one cause of lower-extremity amputation in the United States. It accounts for approximately 60000 cases per year and 50% to 70% of all nontraumatic amputations, says Charles A. Patout, Jr, MD, director of the Rehabilitation Program at the Hansen's Disease Center. In fact, Patout says, "each year, approximately 1% of diagnosed diabetics in the United States undergo amputation of a lower extremity." According to Patout, the
Diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis.
Authors: D H Spodick
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Diagnosis of Constrictive PericarditisTo the Editor:The echocardiographic study by Veolkel and colleagues' is a valuable contribution to the diagnosis and understanding of con- strictive pericarditis.One item, however, may be misinterpreted, since it was not discussed after it was described in the results.The authors found a range of pericardial thickness of 4-11 mm in their normal population.No doubt what they measured as "pericardium" was, indeed, 4-11 mm.However, I am certain the authors did not mean to indicate that the normal pericardium is that thick.Direct measurement of pericardial thickness, even at necropsy, is "tedious and difficult,"2 the most careful study yielding a mean thickness of 0.3 mm.Moreover, during growth and aging there are significant changes in thickness, elastic tissue composition and the physical characteristics of pericardial collagen.2' The difficulty of measurement is such that even otherwise Teutonically thorough studies seem to avoid it.'It is likely that the resolving power of current echocardiographs is such as to be unreliable for accurate measurement of the normal and, perhaps, the diseased pericardium.
Perceptual fluency and lexical access for function versus content words
Authors: Sidney J. Segalowitz, Korri Lane
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

By examining single-word reading times (in full sentences read for meaning), we show that (1) function words are accessed faster than content words, independent of perceptual characteristics; (2) previous failures to show this involved problems of frequency range and task used; and (3) these differences in lexical access are related to perceptual fluency. We relate these findings to issues in the literature on event-related potentials (ERPs) and neurolinguistics.
Laparoscopic aortic surgery in colchester: Acceptability of a learning curve in the modern era
Authors: Sunita Saha, Neal Banga, Ross Davenport, Haroon Thomas, Simon McKenzie, Tan Arulampalam, Don Menzies, Peter Patient, Tamas Malaj, Sohail Choksy, Roger Motson, Christopher Backhouse, Adam Howard
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2011)
PREMATURE DETACHMENT OF THE PLACENTA DURING LABOR AS A PROBABLE CAUSE OF STILL BIRTH WHEN NO OTHER CAUSES CAN BE ASSIGNED.
Authors: H. LANDIS GETZ
Journal: JAMA (1885)

For some years past we have entertained the view that the premature detachment of the placenta in otherwise normal labors, was occasionally the cause direct of "stistillrth," or the cause of the enfeebled condition of the child at birth, where only the most prompt and efficient measures which can be brought into practice by the accoucheur, are the means of establishing respiration, a perfect circulation, and consequently the life of the child, which but for prompt measures must otherwise have perished. We believe that a child born where the placenta remains attached to the womb until the child is expelled from the mother never requires any assistance to promote or establish respiration, and that where such assistance is necessary there has been either a partial or complete<i>premature detachment</i>of the placenta, for a shorter or longer time prior to the expulsion of the child from the mother, and the
Measurement of Instantaneous Blood Flow Velocity and Pressure in Conscious Man with a Catheter-Tip Velocity Probe
Authors: IVOR T. GABE, JAMES H. GAULT, JOHN ROSS, DEAN T. MASON, CHRISTOPHER J. MILLS, JOHN P. SCHILLINGFORD, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Twenty-three patients were investigated during diagnostic right and left cardiac catheterization with an electromagnetic catheter-tip velocity probe. The catheter contained a pressure lumen for simultaneous measurements of intravascular pressure. Average peak and mean blood velocities were 66 and 11 cm/sec in the ascending aorta, 57 and 10 cm/sec in the pulmonary artery, 28 and 12 cm/sec in the superior vena cava, and 26 and 13 cm/sec in the inferior vena cava. The velocity pattern in the ascending aorta was similar to that obtained by other methods. Positioning of the catheter in the ascending aorta required care; in one patient with aortic stenosis the recorded blood velocity pattern was unsatisfactory. In the pulmonary artery flicking of the catheter often produced artifacts in the records. The effect of deep respiration on blood velocity in the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery was studied. In the ascending aorta the highest velocities and stroke volumes were achieved during late expiration while in the pulmonary artery blood velocity and stroke volume were greatest in inspiration. In nine patients the cardiac outputs calculated from the product of mean velocity and radiologically measured cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta or pulmonary artery were compared with cardiac outputs determined by the indicator-dilution method; the correlation coefficient was 0.73. There were no complications, and the probe proved reliable.
Hypoxia Increases the Sensitivity of the L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current to β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation via a C2 Region–Containing Protein Kinase C Isoform
Authors: Livia C. Hool
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The effects of hypoxia on the L-type Ca 2+ current ( I Ca-L ) in the absence and presence of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol (Iso) were examined. Exposing guinea pig ventricular myocytes to hypoxia alone resulted in a reversible inhibition of basal I Ca-L . When cells were exposed to Iso in the presence of hypoxia, the K 0.5 for activation of I Ca-L by Iso was significantly decreased from 5.3±0.7 to 1.6±0.1 nmol/L. The membrane-impermeant thiol-specific oxidizing compound 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) attenuated the inhibition of basal I Ca-L by hypoxia 81.3±9.4% but had no effect on the increase in sensitivity of I Ca-L to Iso. In addition, DTT mimicked the effects of hypoxia on basal I Ca-L and the increase in sensitivity to Iso. Neither the inhibitors of guanylate cyclase LY-83583 or methylene blue nor the NO synthase inhibitor N G -monomethyl- l -arginine monoacetate had any effect on the basal inhibition of I Ca-L or the decrease in K 0.5 for activation of I Ca-L by Iso during hypoxia. However, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide I and Gö 7874 significantly attenuated the increase in sensitivity of I Ca-L to Iso. More specifically, the response was attenuated when cells were dialyzed with a peptide inhibitor of the C2 region–containing classical PKC isoforms. The same effect was not observed with the PKCε peptide inhibitor. These results suggest that hypoxia regulates I Ca-L through the following 2 distinct mechanisms: direct inhibition of basal I Ca-L and an indirect effect on the sensitivity of the channel to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation that is mediated through a classical PKC isoform.
The Echocardiogram in Right Ventricular Overload
Authors: William D. McCann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Echocardiography was used to evaluate interventricular septal motion in 17 patients with congenital cardiac defects that produced either left-to-right shunts at the atrial or tricuspid insufficiency. Fourteen patients had abnormal septal motion: 12 had type A and 2 had type B motion. Two previously unreported causes for abnormal interventricular septal motion (total anomalous pulmonary venous return and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return) were found to produce echocardiographic findings identical to those found in patients with atrial septal defect. Three patients with significant left-to-right shunt at atrial level had normal septal motion. When abnormal septal motion is present, it is suggestive of right ventricular overload. However, such motion is not specific enough to differentiate among the defects that produce right ventricular volume overload or to distinguish a patient with an abnormal volume overload from one with normal volume.
Breast Cancer and Serum Organochlorines: a Prospective Study Among White, Black, and Asian Women
Authors: N. Krieger, M. S. Wolff, R. A. Hiatt, M. Rivera, J. Vogelman, N. Orentreich
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Background : Five small case-control studies have examined the relationship between exposure to organochlorines and the risk of breast cancer and have found inconsistent results. In these studies, organochlorine levels in breast cancer patients were measured after (or at most 6 months before) diagnosis. Purpose : We tested the hypothesis that organochlorines are a risk factor for breast cancer, using prospectively gathered data on serum levels of DDE [1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] (the main metabolite of the pesticide DDT [2, 2-bis( p -chlorophenyl)-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane]) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Methods : Study subjects belonged to a cohort of 57 040 women (46 629 white, 8123 black, and 2288 Asian) from the San Francisco Bay Area who took a multiphasic health examination, independent of concern about risk of breast cancer, in the late 1960s. At that time, a sample of blood was obtained, then frozen and stored. Follow-up was through December 31, 1990. We conducted a nested case-control study of 150 case patients and 150 matched control subjects. A random sample of 50 women per racial/ethnic group who had been diagnosed with breast cancer more than 6 months after the multiphasic examination (mean follow-up = 14.2 years) was selected, and each case patient was matched to a cancer-free control subject. Results : Matched analyses found no differences in the case patients' and control subjects' serum levels of DDE (mean difference = 0.2 parts per billion [ppb]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -6.7, 7.2) or PCBs (mean difference = -0.4 ppb; 95% CI = -0.8, 0.1). DDE levels, however, tended to be higher among black case patients compared with black controls (mean difference = 5.7 ppb; 95% CI =-3.3, 14.8), and PCBs were lower among white case patients compared with white controls (mean difference = -0.6 ppb; 95% CI = -1.2, -0.1). Organochlorine levels were significantly higher among black and Asian women compared with white women. The mean difference for DDE was 11.0 ppb for black women (95% CI = 4.3, 17.6) and 12.6 ppb for Asian women (95% CI = 6.0, 19.2); for PCBs, the respective differences were 0.8 ppb for black women (95% CI = 0.2, 1.4) and 1.4 ppb for Asian women (95% CI = 0.8, 1.9). The results were not altered by adjusting for relevant confounders, and the lack of association between exposure to organochlorines and breast cancer was present regardless of length of follow-up, year of diagnosis, or the case patient's menopausal and estrogen-receptor status. Conclusion : The data do not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDE and PCBs increases risk of breast cancer. Implications : Future investigations must consider the biologic mechanisms involved and variations in exposure to chemical pollutants and of breast cancer incidence rates among diverse groups of women. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 589–599, 1994]
Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Authors: S Nesnow, M J Mass, J A Ross, A J Galati, G R Lambert, C Gennings, W H Carter, G D Stoner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The binary, ternary, quaternary, and quintary interactions of a five-component mixture of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using response surface analyses are described. Initially, lung tumor dose-response curves in strain A/J mice for each of the individual PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP) were obtained. From these data, doses were selected for the quintary mixture study based on toxicity, survival, range of response, and predicted tumor yields. The ratios of doses among PAHs were designed to simulate PAH ratios found in environmental air and combustion samples. Quintary mixtures of B[a]P, B[b]F, DBA, 5MC, and CPP were administered to male strain A/J mice in a 2(5) factorial 32-dose group dosing scheme (combinations of five PAHs each at either high or low doses) and lung adenomas were scored. Comparison of observed lung adenoma formation with that expected from additivity identified both greater than additive and less than additive interactions that were dose related i.e., greater than additive at lower doses and less than additive at higher doses. To identify specific interactions, a response surface analysis using response addition was applied to the tumor data. This response surface model contained five dose, ten binary, ten ternary, five quaternary, and one quintary parameter. This analysis produced statistically significant values of 16 parameters. The model and model parameters were evaluated by estimating the dose-response relationships for each of the five PAHs. The predicted dose-response curves for all five PAHs indicated a good estimation. The binary interaction functions were dominated for the most part by DBA and were inhibitory. The response surface model predicted, to a significant degree, the observed lung tumorigenic responses of the quintary mixtures. These data suggest that although interactions between PAHs do occur, they are limited in extent.
A case–control study of determinants for the occurrence of gouty arthritis in heart failure patients
Authors: Berdine A.A. Hueskes, Frank F. Willems, Aukelien C. Leen, Patricia A. Ninaber, Richard Westra, Aukje K. Mantel‐Teeuwisse, Hein J.E.M. Janssens, Eloy H. van de Lisdonk, Elisabeth A. Roovers, Matthijs Janssen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Nocturnal wheezing in children: management with controlled-release aminophylline.
Authors: P W Evans, A Craven, N Evans
Journal: BMJ (1981)

valproate was reduced to 200 mg twice daily even after treatment for three months.We suggest that sodium valproate should be considered among the drugs of first choice in the management of hemiballismus caused by a vascular lesion in view of its apparent efficacy in this patient and the low incidence of side effects associated with its use, especially the absence of unwanted sedation.
Evaluation of Multiple Risk–Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Versus Prostate-Specific Antigen at Baseline to Predict Prostate Cancer in Unscreened Men
Authors: Robert J. Klein, Christer Hallden, Amit Gupta, Caroline J. Savage, Anders Dahlin, Anders Bjartell, Jonas Manjer, Peter T. Scardino, David Ulmert, Peter Wallström, Andrew J. Vickers, Hans Lilja
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Jogging and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: GEORGE V. MANN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

We very much appreciate Dr. Chatterjee's response to our article and confess that we overlooked his previously published data when reviewing the medical literature for our own manuscript.The average values for the mean nor- malized systolic ejection rate in his normal and cardiomyopathy groups are remarkably similar to the values in our patients with normal and depressed ventricular func- tion, respectively.It is of interest that the values he derived from single plane cineangiograms are in close accord with those which we calculated from biplane studies.It should be noted, however, that our methodology is somewhat different; we estimate the ejection time from the cine fram- ing rate assuming an arbitrary 50 millisecond duration for the preejection period, whereas Chatterjee derived the ejec- tion rate by "drawing a tangent on the ejection portion of the volume curve."'Dr. Chatterjee's data, we believe, further validate the use of ejection phase indices, and in par- ticular the mean normalized systolic ejection rate, to assess myocardial performance in man.
Immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 mediates fat-stimulated cholecystokinin secretion
Authors: Rashmi Chandra, Yu Wang, Rafiq A. Shahid, Steven R. Vigna, Neil J. Freedman, Rodger A. Liddle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a satiety hormone produced by discrete enteroendocrine cells scattered among absorptive cells of the small intestine. CCK is released into blood following a meal; however, the mechanisms inducing hormone secretion are largely unknown. Ingested fat is the major stimulant of CCK secretion. We recently identified a novel member of the lipoprotein remnant receptor family known as immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) in intestinal CCK cells and postulated that this receptor conveyed the signal for fat-stimulated CCK secretion. In the intestine, ILDR1 is expressed exclusively in CCK cells. Orogastric administration of fatty acids elevated blood levels of CCK in wild-type mice but not Ildr1-deficient mice, although the CCK secretory response to trypsin inhibitor was retained. The uptake of fluorescently labeled lipoproteins in ILDR1-transfected CHO cells and release of CCK from isolated intestinal cells required a unique combination of fatty acid plus HDL. CCK secretion secondary to ILDR1 activation was associated with increased [Ca2+]i, consistent with regulated hormone release. These findings demonstrate that ILDR1 regulates CCK release through a mechanism dependent on fatty acids and lipoproteins and that absorbed fatty acids regulate gastrointestinal hormone secretion.
Clinical implications. A clinician's response to the oral contraceptive thrombosis controversy
Authors: L Speroff
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The controversy involving new progestin oral contraceptives (OC) began in late 1995, continued through 1996, and started to reach resolution in 1997. The fundamental question is whether OC containing desogestrel and gestodene have a different risk of thrombosis compared with OC containing older progestins. Correcting for preferential prescribing and the healthy user effect leads to the conclusion that all low-dose OC--regardless of progestin type--have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Low-dose OC do not increase the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke in healthy, non-smoking women less than 35 years of age. With effective patient screening for risk factors, the serious side effects of OC can be virtually eliminated.
Pressure increases on UK government to remove anonymity from sperm donors
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An adult and a child conceived through donor insemination went to the High Court in London this week to try to find out more information about the men who fathered them.

Joanna Rose, 29, now a student in Brisbane, Australia, and a 6 year old girl from York, who cannot be named, are not seeking to find out the identities of their biological fathers. But they claim that the Human Rights Act 2000, which guarantees a right to respect for private and family life, including personal identity, entitles them to fuller data about the donors. …
Simultaneous regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo using MSCs induced by a spatially controlled gene delivery system in bilayered integrated scaffolds
Authors: Jiangning Chen, Huan Chen, Pei Li, Huajia Diao, Shiyu Zhu, Lei Dong, Rui Wang, Ting Guo, Jianning Zhao, Junfeng Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Foraminifera and Cercozoa Are Related in Actin Phylogeny: Two Orphans Find a Home?
Authors: Patrick J. Keeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

In recent years, the increased sampling of protein-coding genes from diverse eukaryotes has revealed that many aspects of each gene tree are at odds with other phylogenies. This has led to the belief that each gene tree has unique strengths and weaknesses, suggesting that an accurate picture of eukaryotic relationships will be achieved only through comparative phylogeny using several different genes. To this end, actin genes were characterized from two genera of chlorarachniophytes, Chlorarachnion and Lotharella, and three species of the cercomonad flagellate Cercomonas. Phylogenetic trees including these new actin genes confirm the recently proposed relationship between chlorarachniophytes and cercomonads (Cercozoa) and, more importantly, also show a close relationship between Cercozoa and Foraminifera. Both of these are major eukaryotic groups encompassing extremely diverse organisms, yet there is no strong evidence for the evolutionary position of either from morphological or molecular data. The union of Cercozoa and Foraminifera suggested by actin phylogeny represents a novel step in the long process of determining the broad relationships between all major eukaryotic groups.
The Myth of the Low Anion Gap
Authors: Robert J. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Sixty-seven thousand seven hundred forty consecutive sets of electrolyte levels measured at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed, and their anion gaps were calculated. A low anion gap (less than 8 mEq/L) was found in 304 patients (0.8%). Repeatedly low anion gaps were found in only 19 patients. Eight patients were hypoalbuminemic, and eight were hyponatremic. For the entire population, there was a positive correlation between sodium concentration and anion gap. The average anion gap was 16.25 mEq/L. The most common cause of a low anion gap was presumptive laboratory error. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1737-1738, 1980)
Neuromuscular Symptoms and Elevated Creatine Kinase after Statin Withdrawal
Authors: Andoni Echaniz-Laguna, Michel Mohr, Christine Tranchant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Neuromuscular Disorder (N = 5) Mean age (range) -yr 53 (22-86) 67 (60-82) Male sex -no.(%) 34 (72) 5 (100) Neuromuscular symptoms -no.(%) Myalgia 47 (100) 3 (60) † Weakness 0 2 (40) † Creatine kinase level >1000 U/liter -no.(%) 9 (19) 3 (60) Mean interval between statin withdrawal and muscle biopsy -mo 6.8 5.5 Mean duration of statin therapy -mo 31 24 Findings on initial clinical examination -no.(%) Abnormal electromyogram 0 5 (100) † Abnormal muscle biopsy 0 5 (100) † Findings at 6-mo follow-up ‡ No. of patients 36 4 Myalgia -no.(%) 11 (31) Creatine kinase level >200 U/liter -no.(%) 6 (17)* Creatine kinase levels were compared with the use of a rank-sum test, and proportions were compared with the use of a z-test.The normal level for creatine kinase is under 200 U per liter.† P<0.001.‡ Among the five patients with an underlying neuromuscular disorder at 6 months, one was lost to follow-up, two had unchanged symptoms, one was undergoing treatment for cancer, and one had died.