tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benefit of heparin in peripheral venous and arterial catheters: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: A. G Randolph, D. J Cook, C. A Gonzales, M. Andrew
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the effect of heparin on duration of catheter patency and on prevention of complications associated with use of peripheral venous and arterial catheters. <b>Design:</b> Critical appraisal and meta-analysis of 26 randomised controlled trials that evaluated infusion of heparin intermittently or continuously. Thirteen trials of peripheral venous catheters and two of peripheral arterial catheters met criteria for inclusion. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Data on the populations, interventions, outcomes, and methodological quality. <b>Results:</b> For peripheral venous catheters locked between use flushing with 10 U/ml of heparin instead of normal saline did not reduce the incidence of catheter clotting and phlebitis or improve catheter patency. When heparin was given as a continuous infusion at 1 U/ml the risk of phlebitis decreased (relative risk 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.39 to 0.77), the duration of patency increased, and infusion failure was reduced (0.88; 0.72 to 1.07). Heparin significantly prolonged duration of patency of radial artery catheters and decreased the risk of clot formation (0.51; 0.42 to 0.61). <b>Conclusions:</b> Use of intermittent heparin flushes at doses of 10 U/ml in peripheral venous catheters locked between use had no benefit over normal saline flush. Infusion of low dose heparin through a peripheral arterial catheter prolonged the duration of patency but further study is needed to establish its benefit for peripheral venous catheters.
Reed-Sternberg cell–derived lymphotoxin-α activates endothelial cells to enhance T-cell recruitment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Chee Wai Fhu, Anne M. Graham, Celestial T. Yap, Suhail Al-Salam, Antonio Castella, Siew Meng Chong, Yaw-Chyn Lim
Journal: Blood (2014)
US Supreme Court upholds Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In a 6-3 decision the US Supreme Court last week upheld Oregon's law on doctor assisted suicide. The dissenters were the chief justice, John Roberts, and judges Anthony Scalia and Clarence Thomas. The ruling said the 1997 Oregon law, which allows doctors to end the lives of terminally ill people who ask for it, trumped federal authority to regulate doctors.

This was a setback for the Bush administration's attempt, in a case called Gonzales versus Oregon, to punish doctors by prosecuting them …
School Phobia and Bisexual Conflict: A Report of 21 Cases
Authors: PAUL L. ADAMS, NANCY F. McDONALD, WILLIAM P. HUEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Theoretically, children with both school phobia and bisexual conflict show separation-individuation difficulty. The authors, impressed in clinical work with the frequent coexistence of school refusal and sex-role problems, surveyed 21 cases of children with school phobia in order to test statistically the association between the two symptoms. Distinct patterns were found to be related to sex, age, socioeconomic status, and certain other demographic and symptomatic features.
Lithium Carbonate Dermatitis
Authors: Stephen B. Kurtin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Dr. R. E. Posey (221:1517, 1972) described a papular, pruritic dermatitis occurring on the elbows of a woman who was receiving lithium carbonate. He questions whether anyone has seen a similar eruption in people treated with lithium carbonate. Callaway et al (<i>Am J Psychiatry</i>124:8, 1968) reported five cases of cutaneous reactions to lithium carbonate. Four patients had pruritic maculopapular eruptions, two also had cutaneous ulcers of the lower extremity, and one had a leg ulcer without an associated rash. Although I have encountered neither the type of eruption described by Dr. Posey nor the type described by Dr. Callaway, Dr. Arthur Rifkin and myself have seen 17 cases of folliculitis in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. The eruption consisted of hyperkeratotic, erythematous follicular papules, predominantly on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, but sometimes involving the trunk. The eruption was
Skin rash in a preterm infant
Authors: N. Mir, H. Satish
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A girl was born at 30 weeks of gestation by spontaneous vertex delivery. The pregnancy had been uneventful apart from detection of group B streptococcus at nine weeks of gestation. This was treated with a course of oral ampicillin for five days.

Although the mother’s membranes ruptured 26 hours before delivery, she remained well throughout labour (which lasted for one hour) and there were no signs of infection. The baby’s birth weight was 1440 g and she had Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at one and five minutes, respectively. Although she showed no signs of sepsis, because of the history of prolonged rupture of membranes, a septic screen was performed and she was started on intravenous amoxicillin and cefotaxime for 48 hours until the cultures were confirmed as negative; C reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral white cell count remained normal during this time. She needed supplemental oxygen, via nasal continuous positive airway pressure, for three days because of surfactant deficiency related respiratory distress syndrome. When she was 6 days old, she developed recurrent apnoea associated with oxygen desaturations, which required endotracheal intubation. Her chest radiograph was normal. A repeat septic screen was performed, including analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and further blood cultures, and she was started on cefotaxime and teicoplanin. Her blood CRP remained normal throughout and the cerebrospinal fluid sample (day 7) and postnatal blood cultures (days 1, 7, and 9) were all negative for bacterial infection.

At 9 days of age she developed 3-5 mm vesicular skin lesions, mainly on her face and chest. She continued to have further eruptions on her trunk and a few lesions on the hard palate during the second week. The skin lesions progressed from being clear vesicles to pustules, and during the …
Evidence for role of hydroxyl radical in complement and neutrophil-dependent tissue injury.
Authors: P A Ward, G O Till, R Kunkel, C Beauchamp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Using our recently described model of acute lung injury in rats after systemic activation of complement by cobra venom factor (CVF), we demonstrated that pretreatment of animals with human milk apolactoferrin (in its native or derivatized form), but not iron-saturated lactoferrin, provides significant protection against complement- and neutrophil-mediated lung injury. The synthetic iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate also affords protection from lung injury. The protective effects of apolactoferrin are not related to a blocking of CVF-induced complement activation. We also demonstrated that infusion of ionic iron, especially Fe3+, greatly potentiates lung vascular injury after systemic complement activation. Finally, protection from lung injury occurs in animals pretreated with the potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals (OH.), dimethyl sulfoxide. Based on transmission electron microscopy, CVF-treated rats show leukoaggregates and endothelial cell destruction in interstitial pulmonary capillaries, along with intraalveolar hemorrhage and fibrin deposition. In animals protected with apolactoferrin, deferoxamine mesylate, or dimethyl sulfoxide, the morphological studies reveal leukoaggregates but no endothelial cell damage, hemorrhage, or fibrin deposition. These data support the concept that tissue injury that is complement and neutrophil dependent may be related to generation of OH. derived from H2O2 after leukocytic activation.
Effect of somatostatin on ion transport in the rat colon.
Authors: K Dharmsathaphorn, L Racusen, J W Dobbins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The effect of somatostatin (SRIF) on ion transport was determined in the rat colon in vitro. SRIF produced a sustained decrease in the short circuit current (Isc) (-0.8 +/- 0.1 mueq/h x cm2) and increased net Cl absorption (0.9 +/- 0.3 mueq/h x cm2). The threshold effect of SRIF on Isc was observed at 6 nM. 10 microM serotonin decreased net Na absorption (-2.6 +/- 0.4 mueq/h x cm2), net Cl absorption (-3.6 +/- 0.5 mueq/h x cm2) and increased Isc (0.7 +/- 0.1 mueq/h x cm2); these changes were totally blocked by 0.1 microM SRIF. SRIF completely blocked net Cl secretion induced by 10 mM theophylline (-2.5 +/- 0.7 to +4.1 +/- 2.0 muq/h x cm2) and partially blocked theophylline-induced inhibition of net Na absorption (0.7 +/- 0.5 to 2.1 +/- 0.4 mueq/h x cm2). SRIF also blocked prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) induced increase in potential difference and Isc (P < 0.001). Mucosal cyclic AMP levels were increased by theophylline and PGE1 but not by serotonin. SRIF had no effect on basal or theophylline- and PGE1-stimulated cyclic AMP levels. These results indicate that SRIF blocks both cyclic AMP and noncyclic AMP mediated changes in ion secretion and suggest that SRIF is acting at a step in the secretory process beyond the formation of cyclic AMP.
Persistent fertility after vasectomy.
Authors: A Halim, J Blandy
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Besides being free of charge, the service is readily available without a waiting list.Under these circumstances, from our 13,000 patients, we have in the first year performed 100 vasectonies; in 1972 there were 75 and this year so far the demand is again at the rate of 100 per year.Projected throughout the country these figures suggest a continuiin demand for vasectomy, approaching half a million per annum.Mrs. Waite's paper underlines the still considerable lag in meeting this demand.-I am, etc.,
Hyperthyroidism With or Without Pyramidal Lobe
Authors: RICHARD WAHL, ULRICH MÜH, EKKEHARD KALLEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

I-123 thyroid scintigrams performed in 349 patients were evaluated with a focus on specific thyroid gland vestiges, namely a pyramidal lobe or a thyroglossal duct. The detection of these vestiges in patients with hyperthyroidiam is indicative of autoimmune hyperthyroidism. In Graves' disease, stimulating thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies cause a significantly more frequent appearance of vestiges of the thyroglossal tract. In contrast, disseminated autonomously functioning thyroid nodules rarely show a pyramidal lobe. The frequency of pyramidal lobe visualization in patients with Graves' disease differed significantly from the frequency in patients with multifocal or disseminated autonomously functioning nodules. In euthyroidism patients, the vestiges may be indicative of the diagnosis of iodine deficiency with or without latent primary hypothyroidism. In thyroid scintigraphy, the pyramidal lobe and the thyroglossal duct can be visualized more easily using I-123 instead of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate.
Influence of Thyroid Status on Lipid Metabolism in the Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: William G. Keyes, Murray Heimberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Thyroid disease is often accompanied by changes in the concentrations of serum lipids and lipoproteins. To evaluate the hepatic contribution to the serum abnormalities in thyroid disease, we examined fatty acid metabolism in perfused livers from pair-fed rats made hypothyroid with propylthiouracil (PTU) or made hyperthyroid by treatment with triiodothyronine (T3). The animals treated with T3 became hyperphagic, depending on dose of drug and duration of hyperthyroidism. It was necessary, therefore, for appropriate controls, that food intake of T3-treated rats be restricted to quantities consumed by euthyroid rats. Animals treated with PTU for 2 wk became hypophagic, and therefore, food consumption of controls was restricted to that eaten by rats receiving PTU. Dependent on dose of T3 and duration of treatment, the output of triglyceride and glucose was diminished, whereas output of ketone bodies was increased by livers from hyperthyroid animals. In contrast, livers from PTU-treated animals secreted increased amounts of triglyceride and glucose, whereas ketogenesis was diminished. The best models for study proved to be animals treated with either 10 μg T3/100 g body wt per d or 1 mg PTU/100 g body wt per d for 7 d. Under these conditions, all animals consumed the same quantity of food as did the euthyroid rats, but continued to display the metabolic alterations outlined above. The effects of PTU on hepatic metabolism were readily reversible by simultaneous administration of T3. It is clear from these data that the thyroid status of the rat regulates hepatic triglyceride formation and secretion, and ketogenesis.
Passing Out When Passing Urine
Authors: David Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The words we use in medical writing, and their meanings, change with time. In "Micturition Syncope: A Reappraisal," Kapoor et al<sup>1</sup>used micturition to mean urination. Current editions of Webster's and the Oxford dictionary agree. A century ago, neither word, micturition or syncope, meant what it does today. Micturition, for most of its 260 years in print, was "the desire to make water; a morbid frequency in the voiding of urine." Using it for "the action of making water" was incorrect.<sup>2</sup>Syncope meant "failure of the heart's action, resulting in unconsciousness, and sometimes death"; now those who only stand and faint also have syncope. The "twenty-dollar word" has replaced the "ten-center."<sup>3</sup> Both urination and micturition may be said to have their place. When Samuel Johnson failed to include them in his dictionary, he was left without either a conventional or a medically precise word
On the mechanism of the failure of mitochondrial function in isolated guinea-pig myocytes subjected to a Ca2+ overload
Authors: Kazunobu Ban, Shunnosuke Handa, Reg A Chapman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The influence of agents that inhibit the movement of Ca2+ across the mitochondrial membrane or Ca2+ dependent changes to this membrane upon the response of isolated ventricular myocytes to a Ca2+ overload has been investigated. Methods: The changes of intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ ([Ca2+]i, [Mg2+]i) (as reflected by cellular ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) and NADH was measured upon the response of isolated ventricular myocytes to a Ca2+ overload. Results: A slow depolarization of Ψm during Ca2+ depletion and its prompt recovery on Ca2+ repletion were unaffected by ruthenium red, clonazepam, CGP-37157 which is a high potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ antiport or cyclosporin A but a large delayed sustained depolarization was inhibited. The slow small fall in [Mg2+]i on Ca2+ depletion and a rapid recovery on Ca2+ repletion were unaffected by ruthenium red, clonazepam, CGP-37157 or cyclosporin A. A delayed sustained larger rise in [Mg2+]i was inhibited. The marked sustained fall in NADH autofluorescence that occurs on Ca2+ overload was attenuated and transient in the presence of ruthenium red, CGP-37157 and cyclosporin A. Conclusion: These results are consistent with an increase in Ca2+ cycling across the mitochondrial membrane provoked by the combined Na+ and Ca2+ overload of cardiac myocytes, causing a depolarization sufficient to uncouple respiration and lead to the depletion of cellular ATP.
A quantifiable approach in the comparison of isokinetic assessment data--new correlation equations for the Johnson antishear device and standard shin pad in the isokinetic assessment of the knee.
Authors: C K Li, K M Chan, Y S Hsu, P Chien, W N Wong
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

The rehabilitation of the knee with a deficient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) always presents a great challenge. Isokinetic assessment allows muscle performance to be quantified. The antishear device, introduced by Johnson, has the distinct advantage of minimizing the anterior translation force during isokinetic exercise. In a previous report, there was a significant difference between the Johnson double pad antishear device and the standard single pad device in knee extension. The main purpose of this study was to define a correlation equation such that data generated in the use of the two different devices can be compared for assessment. Ten subjects were tested with the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer with a randomly selected sequence of test speeds. Correlation coefficient (r), regression analysis and paired t tests (P) were performed to estimate the correlation and difference between the two devices. It is concluded that a significant difference in the data generated between the two devices indicated that a single device should be selected to carry out a series of comparisons on a particular subject. However, if the two devices are used in a series of testings, a set of correlation equations has been defined to facilitate such comparison. The findings in this study will widen the application of comparison of isokinetic data in the quantitative approach of rehabilitation of the knee with a deficient anterior cruciate ligament.
A Case of Diastematomyelia
Authors: Eugene Constantinou
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A case of diastematomyelia is presented because of its rarity and confusion with poliomyelitis. Diastematomyelia is a congenital anomaly in which the distal part of the spinal cord is divided into two parts.<sup>1</sup>An early diagnosis leads to correction by surgery. A 23-year-old white female, prima gravida was admitted to the Toledo Hospital in early labor. She was known to have had polio in childhood, and in 1952 she had had reconstructive surgery of the left leg. Because of a history of poliomyelitis, general anesthesia was selected. After the delivery of a living infant, she died with embolism of the pulmonary arterial tree. At autopsy the body was seen to be that of a well-developed, well-nourished female. The left lower extremity showed marked deformity and surgical scars. The spinal cord showed reduplication at the fourth lumbar vertebra (Figure). There was a bony spur arising from the
Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Human Pancreatic and Hepatic Stellate Cell Lines
Authors: Joao A. Paulo, Vivek Kadiyala, Peter A. Banks, Darwin L. Conwell, Hanno Steen
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

The functions of the liver and the pancreas differ; however, chronic inflammation in both organs is associated with fibrosis. Evidence suggests that fibrosis in both organs is partially regulated by organ-specific stellate cells. We explore the proteome of human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) and human pancreatic stellate cells (hPaSC) using mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics to investigate pathophysiologic mechanisms. Proteins were isolated from whole cell lysates of immortalized hHSC and hPaSC. These proteins were tryptically digested, labeled with tandem mass tags (TMT), fractionated by OFFGEL, and subjected to MS. Proteins significantly different in abundance (P<0.05) were classified via gene ontology (GO) analysis. We identified 1223 proteins and among them, 1222 proteins were quantifiable. Statistical analysis determined that 177 proteins were of higher abundance in hHSC, while 157 were of higher abundance in hPaSC. GO classification revealed that proteins of relatively higher abundance in hHSC were associated with protein production, while those of relatively higher abundance in hPaSC were involved in cell structure. Future studies using the methodologies established herein, but with further upstream fractionation and/or use of enhanced MS instrumentation will allow greater proteome coverage, achieving a comprehensive proteomic analysis of hHSC and hPaSC.
METABOLISM OF NERVE FIBERS
Authors: Alexander Forbes
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —In connection with the editorial on the metabolism of nerve fibers (The Journal, January 22, p. 246), it may be of interest to know that recently Professor Hill, with his associates Downing and Gerard, have reported heat production resulting from functional activity in nerve trunks ( Proc. Roy. Soc . B 100 : 223, 1926). This has been discussed in a recent important review on nerve conduction by Dr. Davis ( Physiol. Rev . 6 : 547, 1926).
The incorporation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles into porcine small intestinal submucosa biomaterials
Authors: Fadee G. Mondalek, Benjamin J. Lawrence, Bradley P. Kropp, Brian P. Grady, Kar-Ming Fung, Sundar V. Madihally, Hsueh-Kung Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
New MUC1 Serum Immunoassay Differentiates Pancreatic Cancer From Pancreatitis
Authors: David V. Gold, David E. Modrak, Zhiliang Ying, Thomas M. Cardillo, Robert M. Sharkey, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To evaluate a new immunoassay for identification and quantitation of MUC1 in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer or pancreatitis. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay are examined and compared to results from a CA19-9 immunoassay.An in vitro enzyme immunoassay was established with monoclonal antibody PAM4 as the capture reagent, and a polyclonal anti-MUC1 antibody as the probe. Patient sera were obtained from healthy, adult patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis, and those with pancreatic and other forms of cancer, and were measured for PAM4-reactive MUC1.At a cutoff of 10.2 units/mL, 41 (77%) of 53 pancreatic cancer patients, none of the healthy individuals (n = 43), and only four (5%) of 87 patients with pancreatitis were positive above this value. Among nonpancreatic cancers investigated, colorectal cancers gave the highest percentage of positives (14%; five of 36). Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay for pancreatic cancer were 77% and 95%, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic analyses for discrimination of pancreatic cancer from pancreatitis provided an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.93), with a specificity of 95.4% and a positive likelihood ratio of 16.8. A direct pair-wise comparison of PAM4 and CA19-9 immunoassays for discrimination of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis resulted in a significant difference (P < .003), with the PAM4 immunoassay demonstrating superior sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The high sensitivity and specificity observed suggest that the PAM4-based immunoassay of circulating MUC1 may be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Effects of Renal Function on Plasma Digoxin Levels in Elderly Ambulant Patients in Domiciliary Practice
Authors: E. M. Baylis, M. S. Hall, G. Lewis, V. Marks
Journal: BMJ (1972)

An investigation into the relations between the daily dose of digoxin, drug regimen, serum digoxin concentration, and creatinine and digoxin clearance was carried out in a group of elderly ambulant patients in domiciliary practice. Moderate to severe impairment of renal function was found both in patients taking digoxin and in elderly control subjects. Plasma digoxin levels were not related to blood urea concentrations or creatinine clearance. Digoxin clearance was less than creatinine clearance. Now that plasma digoxin levels can be measured relatively easily their estimation should become part of clinical practice.