tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THROMBOPLASTIC FACTORS IN PLATELETS AND RED BLOOD CELLS: OBSERVATIONS ON THEIR CHEMICAL NATURE AND FUNCTION IN IN VITRO COAGULATION *
Authors: Stanley B. Troup, Claude F. Reed, Guido V. Marinetti, Scott N. Swisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

Although the existence of blood platelets had been known for many years it was not until 1882 that Bizzozero (1) called attention to the role of platelets in blood coagulation.Morawitz (2), twenty years later, was among the first to con- sider the specific chemical contribution of the platelet to the clotting process.Howell (3), in 1912, demonstrated the presence of an unsaturated phosphatide ("kephalin") in thromboplastic substances of tissue origin.Mills (4), in 1927, showed cephalin to be present in blood platelets, and the following year Haurowitz and Sladek (5) published results of chemical analy- sis of horse platelets, reporting a lipid content of 12 per cent of dry weight.The first convincing data relating the cephalin content of platelets to ac- celeration of coagulation were supplied by Char- gaff, Bancroft and Stanley-Brown (6).These workers also reported at that time what has re- cently been emphasized again (7, 8): phosphatides from other natural sources (soy bean, yeast) also were capable of accelerating blood clotting in vitro.Erickson, Williams, Avrin and Lee (9), confirmed the results of Chargaff and associates relating to platelet phospholipid content.Wallach, Surgenor and Steele (10), identified phosphatidyl ethanol- amine and phosphatidyl serine in human platelets.Subsequently the presence of inositol phosphatide was noted ( 11, 12).Wooldridge, in 1886 (13), demonstrated a coagu- lant effect of substances obtained from red cells by both aqueous and lipid solvents.With small doses of these extracts administered intravenously to dogs, Wooldridge also observed a hypocoagulable
UTILITY OF RADIOLOGICAL SCORE FOR VERIFICATION OF EVOLVING HEART FAILURE IN THE COURSE OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Michael Shochat, Avraham Shotan, Ilia Shochat, Mark Kazatsker, Vladimir Gurivich, Aya Asif, Lubov Vasilenko, Elena Naiman, Yaniv Levy, David Blondheim, Simcha Meisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ALTERED JET DIRECTION OF ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION AFTER SURGICAL ANNULOPLASTY IS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTERIOR LEAFLET TETHERING AND REGURGITANT SEVERITY
Authors: Eiji Kuwahara, Takahiro Shiota, Yutaka Otsuji, Tetsuya Ueno, Mihoko Kono, Kayoko Kubota, Nami Ueya, Toshinori Yuasa, Kunitsugu Takasaki, Shuichi Hamasaki, Akira Kisanuki, Ryuzo Sakata, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein nephritis in children.
Authors: R Counahan, M H Winterborn, R H White, J M Heaton, S R Meadow, N H Bluett, H Swetschin, J S Cameron, C Chantler
Journal: BMJ (1977)

All the survivors of a series of 88 patients with Henoch-Schönlein nephritis were examined after a follow-up of six and a half to 21 years (mean 9-9). Sixty-one patients had no demonstrable abnormality; six had minor urinary abnormalities; five had hypertension without urinary abnormally or renal dysfunction; four had heavy proteinuria; eight were in chronic renal failure, three of whom were on regular dialysis; and four patients had died within 25 months of onset. Neither corticosteroids nor immunosuppressive drugs alone or in combination appeared to influence the outcome. A clinical presentation with a combination of acute nephritis and a nephrotic syndrome and a high proportion of crescents in renal biopsy specimens was associated with a poor outcome. Neither the clinical presentation nor the renal morphology were, however, precise determinants of outcome. Outcome was not related to age, associated streptococcal infection, or recurrences of the rash. The clinical state two years after presentation was compared with the state six and a half years or more after presentation in 76 patients. The clinical state had changed in 32 patients, in 17 of whom it had deteriorated. It was not possible to identify with any certainty the patients who would deteriorate (or improve). Patients who have had Henoch-Schönlein nephritis should be followed up for at least five years.
Immunohistological aspects of cutaneous T-cell infiltrates
Authors: J. THIVOLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

In many benign and malignant skin disorders, lymphocytes and associated monocytic cells predominate among the various types of cells infiltrating the dermis and/or the epidermis. Immunohistological techniques utilized for the purpose of combining immunological parameters and morphological criteria have been reviewed. The rosetting techniques, enzyme histochemistry and immunohistological techniques using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were reported for light microscopy. In the field of immunoelectron microscopy, immunoperoxidase labelling and the immunogold technique were also subject to discussion. These techniques may be supplemented by various methods of cell biology (obtaining enriched cell suspensions of infiltrate cell subsets). The possiblity of quantitative studies was considered. Results obtained in cutaneous pathology using these techniques were reviewed and discussed. Among others, human skin tuberculin lesions and DNCB skin tests represent models of delayed hypersensitivity. Infiltrates in the following conditions were presented: non-tumoral lesions (lichen planus, erythema multiform, erythema fixum, GVH and allograft rejection, cutaneous sarcoidosis and other infiammatory infiltrates); in lymphomas and related conditions; in tumoral lesions (warts and papillomas, peritumoral infiltrates around epidermal neoplasias). Finally Langerhans cells in infiammatory dermatosis, in skin tumours and in histiocytosis X were considered.
Inflammation Is an Independent Risk Factor for Colonic Neoplasia in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: David T. Rubin, Dezheng Huo, Jami A. Kinnucan, Mina S. Sedrak, Nicole E. McCullom, Alana P. Bunnag, Elin P. Raun–Royer, Russell D. Cohen, Stephen B. Hanauer, John Hart, Jerrold R. Turner
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Digitalis in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Norman H. Boyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

A DECADE ago the general subject of cardiogenic shock was reviewed in this journal.† The principal interest in that effort centered around "shock" in myocardial infarction. The evidence available was interpreted as indicating that this shocklike state was mainly, if not wholly, due to failure of the left ventricle and that its presence or absence depended on the quantity and quality of uninfarcted myocardium. Whatever has transpired since that time, both from personal experience and from medical reports, has served to strengthen, rather than to alter, this view.Obviously, the quantity of remaining muscle is largely beyond medical control, although . . .
Diagnosis of an Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Edward G. Biglieri
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Increased aldosterone production in a hypertensive patient, although infrequent, suggests the possible presence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). The usefulness of the desoxycorticosterone acetate test is that it provides presumptive evidence that an APA is the cause of the hyperaldosterone state. With a high sodium intake, desoxycorticosterone acetate is administered for three days and aldosterone excretion is measured just before and on the third day. Failure to reduce urinary aldosterone levels into the normal range or to depress normal levels is significant evidence of an APA and for surgical exploration.
Momentum Grows Behind Plans for Health Museum
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

FORMER Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, and a group of supporters have envisioned a unique museum of health and medicine near the Mall in Washington, DC. Shortly before the holidays, the museum got a symbolic thumbs-up from Congress, with passage of the National Health Museum Development Act. The act, written by Sen Edward Kennedy (D, Mass) and Sen Orrin Hatch (R, Utah), guarantees a site on or near the Mall, and it establishes a commission to study and make recommendations on the appropriate federal role in eventual public-private partnerships that will build the museum. The legislation also provides $500 000 to support the commission's activities. Koop has called passage of the act "a tremendous victory for all Americans." He said that, when completed, the National Health Museum "will challenge the notion of what a museum can be and what it can do." Fitzhugh Mullan, MD, vice chair of the
The Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Stephan R. Orth, Eberhard Ritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The nephrotic syndrome is defined by a urinary protein level exceeding 3.5 g per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per day. At the turn of the century, clinicians distinguished a nephritic syndrome of inflammatory origin and a nephrotic syndrome of presumed degenerative origin. Today these concepts are outmoded, but the term "nephrotic syndrome" is clinically useful and has persisted, because heavy proteinuria, irrespective of its origin, is associated with a spectrum of clinically important sequelae, particularly sodium retention, hyperlipoproteinemia, and thromboembolic and infectious complications. The definition given above is arbitrary, however, and special significance should not be given to the . . .
The Physician's Role in the Quality Control of Medical Devices
Authors: William C. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1979)

There has been an exponential increase in medical devices employed in diagnosis and treatment, and government has become so concerned with their quality that a large new bureaucracy has come into being. Industry has become sufficiently concerned, and many new positions in their executive staffs now have responsibility for quality control. Only we physicians appear relatively unconcerned about the devices we employ for our patients. As individuals and as organization members we need to take the lead in the regulatory mechanism.  The federal government and the courts have defined and classified devices as drugs and have assigned supervision and control to the Food and Drug Administration within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. By means of the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, a special Bureau of Medical Devices was created with the purpose of ensuring the safety and efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment and reagents.  To comply with
Pathophysiologic Effects of Vascular-Targeting Agents and the Implications for Combination with Conventional Therapies
Authors: Michael R. Horsman, Dietmar W. Siemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract A functional vascular supply is critical for the continued growth and development of solid tumors. It also plays a major role in metastatic spread of tumor cells. This importance has led to the concept of targeting the vasculature of the tumor as a form of cancer therapy. Two major types of vascular-targeting agent (VTA) have now emerged: those that prevent the angiogenic development of the neovasculature of the tumor and those that specifically damage the already established tumor vascular supply. When used alone neither approach readily leads to tumor control, and so, for VTAs to be most successful in the clinic they will need to be combined with more conventional therapies. However, by affecting the tumor vascular supply, these VTAs should induce pathophysiologic changes in variables, such as blood flow, pH, and oxygenation. Such changes could have negative or positive influences on the tumor response to more conventional therapies. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiologic changes induced by VTAs and the implications of these effects on the potential use of VTAs in combined modality therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11520-39)
Transient nitric oxide synthase neurons in embryonic cerebral cortical plate, sensory ganglia, and olfactory epithelium
Authors: David S. Bredt, Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: Neuron (1994)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), visualized immunohistochemically or with NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, is transiently expressed in discrete areas of the developing rat nervous system. In the brain transient NOS expression occurs in the cerebral cortical plate. At E15-E19, the majority of cells in the plate stain, with their processes extending through the corpus striatum to the thalamus. This staining decreases after birth and vanishes by the 15th postnatal day. Neurons in olfactory epithelium also express NOS from E15 till early postnatal life. In embryonic sensory ganglia virtually all neuronal cells are NOS positive, whereas by early adulthood only 1% express NOS. By contrast to these areas of transient NOS expression, in other neuronal sites NOS staining appears after cell bodies cease dividing and cells extend processes, and the staining persists in adult life. The transient expression of neuronal NOS may reflect a role in developmental processes such as programmed cell death.
Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny
Authors: Martin Guilliams, Florent Ginhoux, Claudia Jakubzick, Shalin H. Naik, Nobuyuki Onai, Barbara U. Schraml, Elodie Segura, Roxane Tussiwand, Simon Yona
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2014)
WHO criticised for ignoring drug dumping
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The World Health Organisation has hit back at accusations that it is ignoring the problem of substandard drugs being dumped in the developing world.

Dr John Dunne, the former director of the WHO's division of drug management and policies, makes the allegation in an article in a new journal, Drug Quarterly , which he also edits ( Drug Quarterly 1997;1(2):39-41). He says that the WHO has failed to react promptly to questions of impropriety in one of its offshoot publications, Market News Service (MNS). The MNS was set up by the …
Assessment of Vulnerable Plaques Causing Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Keiji Sano, Masanori Kawasaki, Yoshiyuki Ishihara, Munenori Okubo, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Xiangrong Zhou, Shinya Minatoguchi, Hiroshi Fujita, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The Analysis of a Case of Merycism: Psychopathology-Psychodynamics
Authors: G.S. Philippopoulos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

After a brief historical review of the subject, the history of a typical case of merycism (rumination in human species) is given, and the patient's psychopathology and psychodynamics are discussed. The patient was successfully treated by psychoanalytically inspired psychotherapy on a 3–4-times-a-week basis within a period of nearly 2 years. On the basis of the abundant material produced (associations, dreams, phantasies, etc.), the most interesting parts of which are quoted in the text and the careful handling of the transference situation, it became possible for the therapist to help the patient in gaining full insight into his condition by understanding the symbolism and perceiving the deeper (unconscious) meaning of his symptomatology. Merycism, as interpreted to the patient, seemed to represent his inhibited unconscious wish 'to vomit at the face' of the person who actually instigated the conflict, in other words a hostile attack towards people in the position of authority.
Nutrition in the Elderly
Authors: John E. Morley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Nutritional modulation is one approach to successful aging. In animals, dietary restriction increases life span. Alterations in the macronutrient and micronutrient constituent of the diet can modulate gene expression. Anorexia is common in elderly persons. The results of studies in animals suggest that aging is associated with a decrease in the opioid feeding drive and an increase in the satiating effect of cholecystokinin. Unrecognized depression is a common, treatable cause of anorexia and weight loss in elderly persons. Protein synthesis decreases in elderly persons; nevertheless, nitrogen balance can be maintained in patients with fairly low intakes of protein. Carbohydrate intolerance is common and may be modulated by nutritional intervention and physical activity. The role of cholesterol in the development of heart disease in very old persons is controversial. Homebound and institutionalized elderly persons often do not expose their skin to sunlight; because the skin of older persons has a decreased ability to form vitamin D, the vitamin D status in these persons is precarious and they are at risk for osteopenia. Vitamins are often abused by elderly persons. Drug administration alters the vitamin requirements of persons. Borderline zinc state has been associated with deteriorating immune function, especially in persons who have diabetes mellitus or who abuse alcohol. Zinc administration appears to protect against the deteriorating vision associated with age-related macular degeneration. Selenium deficiency seems to be associated with an increased prevalence of cancer.
A new manifesto for child development research
Authors: Robert M. French
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract This book is an excellent manifesto for future work in child development. It presents a multidisciplinary approach that clearly demonstrates the value of integrating modeling, neuroscience, and behavior to explore the mechanisms underlying development and to show how internal context-dependent representations arise and are modified during development. Its only major flaw is to have given short shrift to the study of the role of genetics on development.
Effect of nicotine chewing gum on smoking behaviour and as an aid to cigarette withdrawal.
Authors: M A Russell, C Wilson, C Feyerabend, P V Cole
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial the effect of 2-mg nicotine chewing gum was studied in 43 smokers when they were smoking as inclined and when they were trying to stop smoking. Although 70% of the smokers stopped smoking during treatment, only 23% were still abstinent after one year. The effect of the nicotine, though significant, was small compared with the overall reduction in smoking. When the subjects were smoking as inclined cigarette consumption was reduced by an average of 37% on the nicotine gum compared with 31% on placebo gum, while avergage carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were reduced by 26% and 15% on the active and placebo gums respectively. When subjects tried to stop smoking there was a further considerable reduction in cigarette consumption, but no longer any difference between the two gums. Nevertheless, average COHb was still lower on the active gum. Plasma nicotine levels on the nicotine gum averaged only 10-7 ng/ml compared with 27-4 ng/ml after smoking. Better results could be expected with 4-mg nicotine gums.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF DELAYED HYPER-ENHANCEMENT IN SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Junbeom Park, Tae-Young Choi, Geu-Ru Hong, Dae-Hee Shin, So-Yeon Choi, Junghyun Choi, Hyuk-Jae Chang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress.
Authors: B Halliwell, C E Cross
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human body, often for useful metabolic purposes. Antioxidant defenses protect against them, but these defenses are not completely adequate, and systems that repair damage by ROS are also necessary. Mild oxidative stress often induces antioxidant defense enzymes, but severe stress can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA within cells, leading to such events as DNA strand breakage and disruption of calcium ion metabolism. Oxidative stress can result from exposure to toxic agents, and by the process of tissue injury itself. Ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and cigarette smoke can cause oxidative damage; but the molecular targets that they damage may not be the same.
Cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase in humans, mice, and voles and phylogenetic analysis of the enzyme family
Authors: A. Nekrutenko, D. M. Hillis, J. C. Patton, R. D. Bradley, R. J. Baker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

In this study, we report cDNA sequences of the cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase for humans, mice, and two species of voles (Microtus mexicanus and Microtus ochrogaster). Inferred amino acid sequences from these taxa display a high level of amino acid sequence conservation, comparable to that of myosin beta heavy chain, and share known structural features. A Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme that was previously identified as a protein similar to isocitrate dehydrogenase is most likely the NADP-dependent cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme equivalent, based on amino acid similarity to mammalian enzymes and phylogenetic analysis. We also suggest that NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases characterized from alfalfa, soybean, and eucalyptus are most likely cytosolic enzymes. The phylogenetic tree of various isocitrate dehydrogenases from eukaryotic sources revealed that independent gene duplications may have given rise to the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in animals and fungi. There appears to be no statistical support for a hypothesis that the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of the enzyme are orthologous in these groups. A possible scenario of the evolution of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases is proposed.
Assessment of the plasma disappearance of cholyl'l14C-glycine as a test of hepatocellular disease.
Authors: B Thjodleifsson, S Barnes, A Chitranukroh, B H Billing, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1977)

The plasma disappearance of a tracer dose of cholyl-l14C-glycine has been examined in 12 control subjects and in 32 patients with hepatocellular dysfunction. Simple analysis of the data did not detect hepatic dysfunction except in severe hepatocellular disease. The greatest degree of discrimination between normal subjects and patients with mild liver disease was obtained by taking the ratio of the plasma retention at 60 minutes to that at 10 minutes; it was similar to that obtained with serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. The two hour post-prandial plasma "total" bile acid concentration gave complete separation between the control subjects and patients with liver disease.
GMC no longer favours folder of evidence for revalidation
Authors: S. Brearley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Wakeford is right to fear that the portfolio based methods for revalidation currently being piloted by the General Medical Council may prove “hideously expensive in time and money, and potentially inaccurate and unfair.” 1 2 In a pre-pilot exercise conducted by the GMC, participants experienced difficulty in compiling folders of evidence about their practice because of the lack of systems for collecting relevant data, and they could not provide evidence relating to all sections of Good Medical Practice (the GMC's core statement of professional values …
Ultrasonography and renal obstruction: Author's reply
Authors: J A W Webb
Journal: BMJ (1990)

tract who develop acute papillary necrosis.Such patients will not present with renal failure if the contralateral kidney functions normally, and under these circumstances the diagnosis of an obstructed pyonephrosis can easily be delayed, with potentially serious consequences for renal function.If acute obstruction is suspected in the presence of infection a negative ultrasonogram is of no clinical value (and, as Dr Webb implies, a dilated collecting system will require further evaluation by other means).Such patients deserve urography, and if this shows a "non-functioning" kidney antegrade pyelography should be carried out, which can be followed by percutaneous drainage if obstruction is present.