tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Significance of Haemoglobin Level in Puerperium
Authors: R. F. A. Dean
Journal: BMJ (1950)

GOUTBDIBTISH 567 as possible outside the sphere of my own experience.As a consequence I am well aware that I have not discussed the general problem of gout.I know well that the condition that I have been discussing under the name of regular or classical gout is not the only disease passing under that name.I have not spoken of arthritic gout, or tophi, or chalkstones, or deposits of urate of soda.The clinical entity that is distinguished by these characteristics seems to be a lineal descendant of the rheumatic gout of the early nineteenth centurv that was so graphically portrayed by Adams.The relationship of the arthritic condition to the spasmodic vasomotor disturbances manifested in classical or periarticular gout can be determined only by the clinician.Since all scientific nomenclature depends upon the question of priority, it seems clear that the vasomotor syndrome may rightly claim the name of gout; and some other name should be given to the gross destructive arthritic conditionunless it can be clearly shown that this is the definite sequela of a previous periarticular vasomotor disturbance.
New Connections between Old Pathways: PDK1 Signaling Promotes Cellular Transformation through PLK1-Dependent MYC Stabilization
Authors: John T. Cunningham, Davide Ruggero
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Summary: Limited understanding of the functional link between multiple oncogenic pathways is a major barrier in the ongoing effort of cancer biologists to design an effective therapeutic approach to treat malignancies characterized by driver oncogenic network signals. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Tan and colleagues elucidate a novel PDK1–PLK1–MYC signaling pathway connecting two fundamental oncogenic programs, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and MYC. They define the functional role for PDK1–PLK1–MYC signaling in cancer cell survival and tumor formation and show the therapeutic benefit of inhibiting PDK1 and PLK1 pharmacologically in cancer, tackling the most undruggable tumors defined by elevated levels of the MYC oncoprotein. Cancer Discov; 3(10); 1099–1102. ©2013 AACR. See related article by Tan et al., p. 1156
Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in B Lymphoblastic Leukemia by High-Throughput Sequencing of <i>IGH</i>
Authors: David Wu, Ryan O. Emerson, Anna Sherwood, Mignon L. Loh, Anne Angiolillo, Bryan Howie, Jennifer Vogt, Mark Rieder, Ilan Kirsch, Christopher Carlson, David Williamson, Brent L. Wood, Harlan Robins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (IGH) in unselected clinical samples for minimal residual disease (MRD) in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has not been tested. As current MRD-detecting methods such as flow cytometry or patient-specific qPCR are complex or difficult to standardize in the clinical laboratory, sequencing may enhance clinical prognostication.We sequenced IGH in paired pretreatment and day 29 post-treatment samples using residual material from consecutive, unselected samples from the Children's Oncology Group AALL0932 trial to measure MRD as compared with flow cytometry. We assessed the impact of ongoing recombination at IGH on MRD detection in post-treatment samples. Finally, we evaluated a subset of cases with discordant MRD results between flow cytometry and sequencing.We found clonal IGH rearrangements in 92 of 98 pretreatment patient samples. Furthermore, while ongoing recombination of IGH was evident, index clones typically prevailed in MRD-positive post-treatment samples, suggesting that clonal evolution at IGH does not contribute substantively to tumor fitness. MRD was detected by sequencing in all flow cytometry-positive cases with no false-negative results. In addition, in a subset of patients, MRD was detected by sequencing, but not by flow cytometry, including a fraction with MRD levels within the sensitivity of flow cytometry. We provide data that suggest that this discordance in some patients may be due to the phenotypic maturation of the transformed cell.Our results provide strong support for HTS of IGH to enhance clinical prognostication in B-ALL.
THE ELECTRICAL CHANGES IN ACTIVE TISSUES: Abstract of the Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture given before the Rontgen Society on May 6th, 1919
Authors: W. M. Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1919)

3! [MAY, 3r1x9 practical sanitarian (and many health officers from this country have had their opportunity and made good) who lhas lhandled malaria prevention has received results, and knows that thus only is success to be achieved.It may seem som&what -parochial in a-subject of suchi universal interest to bring forward evidence from limited operations in England; but they have been unique, in that it is the first opportunity that has existed of studying indigenous malaria in England with the knowledge of its entity.I fbriefly sum up the evidence of recent ocurrences in England in proof of the value of definite sanitary operations in the prevention of malaria.And as far as England is concerned, wlhile it would be absurd and uncalled for to institute antimosquitofmeasuresithroughout the entire area of anoplieline distribution, there may be parts *of the country where the coincident distribution of vehicle and carrier may be intense.In these it may be incumbent on authority to adopt the proven measures of malaria prevention.Suammary.1. Mosquito prevalence was similar in 1917 and 1918.2. Conditions for indigenous infection existed both in 1917 and 1918.3. Carrier population was increased inl1918.4. Where general measures were adopted, but when control was -more accurate, the scattered occurrences in 191-8 were 24, as against 264in 1917.5.Where sanitary measures were added to the scheme of prevenbion, as in Sheppey, the oases in 1918 number 45, as against 103 in 1917.6.Where more acourate operations were attained in Sandwich tha number of indigenous cases fell -from'69 to 6.
Induction of T helper 2 responses against human apolipoprotein B100 does not affect atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Daniel Engelbertsen, Sara Rattik, Anki Knutsson, Harry Björkbacka, Eva Bengtsson, Jan Nilsson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Immune responses against LDL antigens have been found to play an important modulatory role in atherosclerosis.Immunization with homologous oxidized LDL, as well as human apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB)-derived peptides, inhibits atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic animal models of atherosclerosis.However, the role of antigen-specific T helper 2 (Th2) responses in atherosclerosis remains to be fully clarified. Methods and resultsApoE 2/2 mice on high-fat diet were immunized with human ApoB using Alum as an adjuvant at 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age.Alum-injected and non-treated mice were used as controls.At 17 weeks of age, a matrigel plug containing ApoB was placed subcutaneously and T-cell infiltration into the plug as well as the development of aortic root atherosclerotic lesions were analysed after an additional 7 days.Immunization with ApoB resulted in four-fold increased accumulation of effector T cells in ApoB-containing matrigel when compared with control groups.The levels of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were also increased in ApoB-containing matrigel plugs.Moreover, the levels of Th2-associated IgG1 against human and also mouse LDL were increased in the plasma of ApoB-immunized mice.In spite of the induction of a Th2 response partially reacting also with the endogenous LDL, there was no difference in atherosclerosis when compared with the Alum group. ConclusionsThis study describes a novel model to study antigen-specific T-cell responses in vivo in mouse models of atherosclerosis.The results suggest that activation of Th2 immunity does not mediate the protective effect of immunization with LDL antigens described previously.
Global spending on prescription drugs to top $1 trillion by 2017, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In patients with cancer, malnutrition is associated with increased treatment toxicity, poorer quality of life and lower survival. Patients with upper-gastrointestinal (GI) cancer may be at particular risk of malnutrition due to the tumour location. However, most studies are cross-sectional in design and measure the prevalence of malnutrition at the acute presentation of cancer. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of malnutrition in upper-GI cancer and to determine whether it persists or develops between diagnosis and the acute (3-month) and chronic (12-month) period of radical treatment. <h3>Method</h3> Patients with newly diagnosed upper-GI cancer were recruited to a longitudinal cohort study and assessed at the time of diagnosis and at 3-m and 12-m following the start of radical treatment. Nutritional assessment was performed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), which has been validated in the oncology setting. The PG-SGA produced two Results (a) total score (score ≥4 intervention needed; score ≥9 critical intervention needed); and (b) subjective global rating (SGA A= well nourished, B= moderately malnourished and C= severely malnourished). <h3>Results</h3> In total, 80 patients were recruited at diagnosis, of which 68 were reviewed at 3-m and 57 at 12-m. Mean (SD) body weight was 76.6 kg (17.2) at baseline, 74.4 kg (14.8) at 3-m and 71.6 kg (16.7) at 12-m. In those with data at both time points, the reduction in body weight between diagnosis and 3-m (-2.3 kg, p = 0.003) and between 3-m and 12-m (–4.0 kg, p &lt; 0.001) were statistically significant. Median (range) PG-SGA total score changed from 9 (0–28) at diagnosis, 6 (2–26) at 3-m and 7 (0–19) at 12-m. In addition, 61%, 62% and 60% of patients were considered moderately/severely malnourished (SGA B or C) at the three time points. Reduced food intake contributed to malnutrition in 61% at diagnosis, 48% at 3-m and 52% at 12-m. In those with data at 12-m (n = 57), trends in the SGA category showed that 19 (33%) patients were moderately/severely malnourished at both diagnosis and 12-m (malnutrition <i>‘persisted’</i>), while 15 (27%) were well-nourished at diagnosis but became moderately/severely malnourished by 12-m (malnutrition <i>‘developed’</i>). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with upper-GI cancer experience progressive weight loss over time, with malnutrition either persisting or developing in the majority (60%) during the first year. Optimising nutritional status throughout the treatment pathway should be considered a priority in this high-risk group. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
AML1-ETO mediates hematopoietic self-renewal and leukemogenesis through a COX/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Yiyun Zhang, Jianfeng Wang, Justin Wheat, Xi Chen, Shan Jin, Hossein Sadrzadeh, Amir T. Fathi, Randall T. Peterson, Andrew L. Kung, David A. Sweetser, Jing-Ruey Joanna Yeh
Journal: Blood (2013)
Joint Hypermobility and the Performing Musician
Authors: Rodney Grahame
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

It is widely believed that the outstanding virtuosity of the violinist Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) derived from the remarkable flexibility of his joints, and in particular that of his left hand. He is reported to have been able to bend his thumb back so far that the thumbnail touched the back of his hand. To the dismay of his contemporaries, he could span three octaves with little effort1. How important is joint laxity for musicians and other performing artists? What determines the degree of laxity in joints, and is there a price to pay for the increased flexibility?Generalized hypermobility . . .
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LEFT ATRIAL PEAK RESERVOIR STRAIN IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS DEPENDENT ON LEFT VENTRICULAR LONGITUDINAL FUNCTION AND LEFT ATRIAL SIZE
Authors: Mads K. Ersboll, Mads J. Andersen, Nana Valeur, Ulrik M. Mogensen, Homa Waziri, Jacob E. Moller, Christian Hassager, Peter Sogaard, Lars Kober
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
US Republicans' budget would cut Medicaid and Medicare and repeal health reform law
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

US House Republicans unveiled a budget on 17 March that promises to balance the federal deficit over 10 years, largely through deep cuts in domestic spending.1

If implemented, the proposed budget would reduce federal spending by nearly $5.5 trillion (£3.76trn; €5.19trn) over the next decade, said Tom Price, House budget committee chair and a Republican from Georgia. The budget included no tax increases.

Under the proposed budget more than $2trn of the predicted savings would come from a “complete” repeal of the Affordable Care Act, although the budget retains $700bn in Medicare cuts included in the 2010 health reform law. Another $913bn in savings would come from converting Medicaid, …
T cell receptor complexes containing Fc epsilon RI gamma homodimers in lieu of CD3 zeta and CD3 eta components: a novel isoform expressed on large granular lymphocytes.
Authors: S Koyasu, L D'Adamio, A R Arulanandam, S Abraham, L K Clayton, E L Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

CD3 zeta and CD3 eta form disulfide-linked homo- or heterodimers important in targeting partially assembled Ti alpha-beta/CD3 gamma delta epsilon T cell receptor (TCR) complexes to the cell surface and transducing stimulatory signals after antigen recognition. Here we identify a new TCR isoform expressed on splenic CD2+, CD3/Ti alpha-beta+, CD4-, CD8-, CD16+, NK1.1+ mouse large granular lymphocytes (LGL), which are devoid of CD3 zeta and CD3 eta proteins. The TCRs of this subset contain homodimers of the gamma subunit of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI gamma) in lieu of CD3 zeta and/or CD3 eta proteins. The LGL display natural killer-like activity and are cytotoxic for B cell hybridomas producing anti-CD3 epsilon and anti-CD16 monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating the signaling capacity of both TCR and CD16 in this cell type. These findings provide evidence for an additional level of complexity of TCR signal transduction isoforms in naturally occurring T cell subsets.
LEUKOCYTE LOCOMOTION AND CHEMOTAXIS
Authors: Sally H. Zigmond, James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) locomotion and chemotaxis have been evaluated by direct microscopic observation of individual cells in thin slide-cover slip preparations, and also by observations on populations of cells migrating into a Millipore filter. The direct microscopic method used the polarity of the locomoting PMNs (broad, advancing lamellipodium and knoblike constriction at the rear) to record the direction of movement. The Boyden chamber Millipore assay was made more reliable by following the front of cells advancing into the filter, rather than counting the number of cells on the lower filter surface. Special modifications of the Millipore assay were necessary in order to distinguish between influences on rate of locomotion and true chemotaxis. In both systems the results indicate that under certain conditions leukocytes, and in particular PMNs, release into the medium a factor stimulating locomotion and exerting chemotactic action on PMNs in the vicinity. This cell-derived factor appears not to require serum factors for its release or action.
Acute, Toxic, Polioencephalitis (Creosote)
Authors: Alex J. Arieff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A 48-year-old internist in excellent health returned home from the theater late one hot summer night and creosoted some fence posts before retiring. He worked for an hour in a poorly-ventilated garage, but retired feeling completely well. The following morning he noticed diplopia, and an ophthalmologist found the internist to be having difficulty in gazing upward and to both sides. Later he became dysarthric, ataxic, and had some difficulty in thinking clearly. By 2 pm he had developed prominent signs of hemiparesis on the left side, suggestive signs of involvement of the right side of the pyramidal tract, paralysis of the upward gaze and vertical nystagmus as well as nystagmus on gazing to the right and the left, with limitation of vision and diplopia on looking to the right and left. There were no sensory abnormalities and there was no aphasia. Romberg's sign was negative, but the
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Ginkgo biloba&lt;/emph&gt; Extract and Preventing Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Lon S. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Childhood adrenal insufficiency, chorea, and antiphospholipid antibodies.
Authors: C D Rose, D P Goldsmith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Laryngeal involvement as a presenting symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus Sir: The actual prevalence of laryngeal in- volvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear, but it seems to be very uncommon.'Furthermore, laryngeal vasculitis in SLE is even more rare and has been scarcely reported.2In fact, in the lupus erythematosus textbook of Wallace and Dubois no mention is made of the actual prevalence and type of damage of the larynx.3We have recently seen a young man with SLE, who developed hoarseness as the first symptom.A 33 year old white man was admitted in December 1988 with a five week history of hoarseness.Three weeks later he noticed anorexia, weight loss, oral ulcers, arthritis, palpable purpura, and paraesthesia in the legs.Before admission the patient had only received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, without improvement.His medical history was uneventful.Initial examination showed a normal blood pressure, a temperature of 37°C, and a pulse of 90 beats a minute.Polyarthritis, oral ulcers, and palpable purpura in the legs were noticed.An indirect laryngoscopy showed complete paralysis of the right vocal cord without masses and with no evidence of external compression.
Extended lamivudine retreatment for chronic hepatitis B: Maintenance of viral suppression after discontinuation of therapy
Authors: Jules L. Dienstag, Eugene R. Schiff, Mack Mitchell, Donald E. Casey, Norman Gitlin, Trevor Lissoos, Lawrence D. Gelb, Lynn Condreay, Lynn Crowther, Marc Rubin, Nathaniel Brown
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

In patients with chronic hepatitis B, brief lamivudine therapy suppresses hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA but results infrequently in sustained losses of virus replication posttreatment. We evaluated treatment response and its posttreatment durability during up to 18 months of lamivudine therapy (100 mg/d) in 24 patients who had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) despite 1 to 3 months of prior therapy. Therapy was to be stopped after HBeAg loss or seroconversion (acquisition of antibody to HBeAg); posttreatment monitoring continued for 6 months. During therapy, which was well tolerated, HBV DNA became undetectable in all evaluable patients, accompanied by reduced alanine transaminase (ALT) activity. The cumulative 18-month confirmed loss of HBeAg during therapy was 9 of 24 (38%) and seroconversion was 5 of 24 (21%). Therapy was discontinued after HBeAg loss/seroconversion in 7 patients, and HBeAg status was maintained in all. Four of the patients with HBeAg responses lost HBsAg at least once. In 10 (43%) of 23 patients tested, we identified HBV polymerase YMDD mutations, 3 with detectable HBV DNA (2 with ALT elevations) and 7 without virological/biochemical breakthrough. In conclusion, up to 18 months of lamivudine therapy was well tolerated, suppressed HBV replication consistently, and tripled the frequency of HBeAg losses observed during brief-duration therapy; HBeAg loss/seroconversion remained durable posttreatment. The emergence of YMDD-variant HBV was relatively common but occurred typically without reappearance of detectable HBV DNA or ALT elevation. Our observations suggest that lamivudine can be stopped after confirmed HBeAg loss or seroconversion.
STD Clinics and the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Paul Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To  Editor.—  Apparently speaking for  Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Dr Willard Cates 1 editorially scored moralistic criticisms of free sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. He ridiculed  solutions to STD problems since the history of public  has demonstrated that moral approaches actually hinder preventive health care, and, furthermore, that controlling STDs in  future can best be accomplished through... continued public support of clinical services.  The campaign of sophisticated vilification of traditional morality by Dr Cates and  CDC is without empirical merit. Our society has followed CDC sexual prescriptions for  past 40 years. Free STD clinics are now widespread, and we seldom blame  victim in accord with Dr Cates' guidelines. However, instead of serving no useful purpose (Dr Cates' interesting choice of words), historic morality helped keep STDs in check. Our recent nationwide random sexuality survey 2 found evidence that  fraction of
When is an emergency department not an emergency department?
Authors: S. Collinson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Different NOD-like receptors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, and NLRC4, as well as the recently identified HIN-200 protein, AIM2, form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1–dependent processing of pro-IL-1β. <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is an intracellular pathogen that is actively phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages and subsequently escapes from the phagosome into the host cell cytosol, depending on its pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). In this study, we demonstrate that human PBMCs produced mature IL-1β when infected with wild-type <i>L. monocytogenes</i> or when treated with purified LLO. <i>L. monocytogenes</i> mutants lacking LLO or expressing a noncytolytic LLO as well as the avirulent <i>Listeria innocua</i> induced strongly impaired IL-1β production. RNA interference and inhibitor experiments in human PBMCs as well as experiments in Nlrp3 and Rip2 knockout bone marrow-derived macrophages demonstrated that the <i>Listeria</i>-induced IL-1β release was dependent on ASC, caspase-1, and NLRP3, whereas NOD2, Rip2, NLRP1, NLRP6, NLRP12, NLRC4, and AIM2 appeared to be dispensable. We found that <i>L. monocytogenes</i>-induced IL-1β production was largely dependent on phagosomal acidification and cathepsin B release, whereas purified LLO activated an IL-1β production independently of these mechanisms. Our results indicate that <i>L. monocytogenes</i>-infected human PBMCs produced IL-1β, largely depending on an LLO-mediated phagosomal rupture and cathepsin B release, which is sensed by Nlrp3. In addition, an LLO-dependent but cathepsin B-independent NLRP3 activation might contribute to some extent to the IL-1β production in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>-infected cells.