tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hospitalist Movement 5 Years Later
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

We originally described the hospitalist model of inpatient care in 1996; since then, the model has experienced tremendous growth. This growth has important clinical, financial, educational, and policy implications.To review data regarding the effect of hospitalists on resource use, quality of care, satisfaction, and teaching; and to analyze the impact of hospitalists on the health care system and frame key issues facing the movement.We searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1996 to September 2001 for studies comparing hospitalist care with an appropriate control group in terms of resource use, quality, or satisfaction outcomes.We extracted information regarding study design, nature of hospitalist and control groups, analytical strategies, and key outcomes.Most studies found that implementation of hospitalist programs was associated with significant reductions in resource use, usually measured as hospital costs (average decrease, 13.4%) or average length of stay (average decrease, 16.6%). The few studies that failed to demonstrate reductions usually used atypical control groups. Although several studies found improved outcomes, such as inpatient mortality and readmission rates, these results were inconsistent. Patient satisfaction was generally preserved, while limited data supported positive effects on teaching. Although concerns about inpatient-outpatient information transfer remain, recent physician surveys indicate general acceptance of the model.Empirical research supports the premise that hospitalists improve inpatient efficiency without harmful effects on quality or patient satisfaction. Education may be improved. In part catalyzed by these data, the clinical use of hospitalists is growing rapidly, and hospitalists are also assuming prominent roles as teachers, researchers, and quality leaders. The hospitalist field has now achieved many of the attributes of traditional medical specialties and seems destined to continue to grow.
Half of general practices offer patients complementary medicine
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Half of general practices in England now offer patients some access to complementary or alternative medicines.

New research shows that there has been a substantial increase in provision since 1995, when a similar study by the same authors found that 40% of practices were offering complementary or alternative medicines.

“Increased provision by the primary health care team, coupled with its use for priority patient groups, suggests that CAM [complementary or alternative medicine] is regarded by many GPs as having a role to play in patient management,” says a report of the study in Family Practice (2003:20:575-7). The …
P1-216: Second-line chemotherapy with oral chemotherapy (CCNU, cyclophosphamide, etoposide) versus intravenous therapy (cyclophophamide, doxorubicine and vincristine) in relapsed small cell lung cancer patients: a phase 2 study of GFPC (05-01)
Authors: Radj Gervais, Yannick Le Guen, Herve Le Caer, Dominique Paillotin, Isabelle Monnet, Christos Chouaid
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Subcutaneous desmopressin (DDAVP) shortens the bleeding time in uremia
Authors: Gian Luigi Vigano, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Antonella Lattuada, Alan Harris, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The intravenous infusion of 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) is used as a nontransfusional form of treatment in patients with congenital and acquired bleeding disorders, including patients with uremia associated with prolonged bleeding times. Since uremic patients experience minor bleeding episodes that might be self‐managed at home (particularly epistaxis, gingival bleeding, and menorrhagia), we carried out a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study in nine uremics to evaluate whether the prolonged bleeding times could be shortened by subcutaneous injections of DDAVP. One hour after administration, the bleeding time was significantly shortened ( P &lt; .01) and became normal in seven of nine patients. After 4 hr, the bleeding time was still shorter than baseline ( P &lt; .01), but in only three patients was it still normal. There was no significant bleeding time change after placebo. When the same patients were treated with the same dose of DDAVP infused intravenously, the bleeding times were not significantly different from those measured after subcutaneous administration. Hence, subcutaneous DDAVP is an alternative method for short‐term shortening of the bleeding time in uremia, at least as effective as intravenous DDAVP but with the possibility of self‐administration by the patients at home.
Chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells mediated by the combination of SOX trio SOX5, 6, and 9 genes complexed with PEI-modified PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Ji Sun Park, Han Na Yang, Dae Gyun Woo, Su Yeon Jeon, Hyun-Jin Do, Hye-Young Lim, Jae-Hwan Kim, Keun-Hong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Effect of WNK4 on the Na+–Cl− Cotransporter Is Modulated by Intracellular Chloride
Authors: Silvana Bazúa-Valenti, María Chávez-Canales, Lorena Rojas-Vega, Xochiquetzal González-Rodríguez, Norma Vázquez, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gama, Eduardo R. Argaiz, Zesergio Melo, Consuelo Plata, David H. Ellison, Jesús García-Valdés, Juliette Hadchouel, Gerardo Gamba
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

It is widely recognized that the phenotype of familial hyperkalemic hypertension is mainly a consequence of increased activity of the renal Na + –Cl − cotransporter (NCC) because of altered regulation by with no–lysine–kinase 1 (WNK1) or WNK4. The effect of WNK4 on NCC, however, has been controversial because both inhibition and activation have been reported. It has been recently shown that the long isoform of WNK1 (L-WNK1) is a chloride-sensitive kinase activated by a low Cl - concentration. Therefore, we hypothesized that WNK4 effects on NCC could be modulated by intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl - ] i ), and we tested this hypothesis in oocytes injected with NCC cRNA with or without WNK4 cRNA. At baseline in oocytes, [Cl - ] i was near 50 mM, autophosphorylation of WNK4 was undetectable, and NCC activity was either decreased or unaffected by WNK4. A reduction of [Cl - ] i , either by low chloride hypotonic stress or coinjection of oocytes with the solute carrier family 26 (anion exchanger)-member 9 (SLC26A9) cRNA, promoted WNK4 autophosphorylation and increased NCC-dependent Na + transport in a WNK4-dependent manner. Substitution of the leucine with phenylalanine at residue 322 of WNK4, homologous to the chloride-binding pocket in L-WNK1, converted WNK4 into a constitutively autophosphorylated kinase that activated NCC, even without chloride depletion. Elimination of the catalytic activity (D321A or D321K-K186D) or the autophosphorylation site (S335A) in mutant WNK4-L322F abrogated the positive effect on NCC. These observations suggest that WNK4 can exert differential effects on NCC, depending on the intracellular chloride concentration.
Both rules and associations are required to predict human behaviour
Authors: I. P. L. McLaren
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract I argue that the dual-process account of human learning rejected by Mitchell et al. in the target article is informative and predictive with respect to human behaviour in a way that the authors' purely propositional account is not. Experiments that reveal different patterns of results under conditions that favour either associative or rule-based performance are the way forward.
RANKL-associated suppression of particle-induced osteolysis in an aged model of Calcitonin and α-CGRP deficiency
Authors: Max D. Kauther, Carl Neuerburg, Florian Wefelnberg, Hagen S. Bachmann, Rüdiger Schlepper, Gero Hilken, Martina Broecker-Preuss, Florian Grabellus, Arndt F. Schilling, Marcus Jäger, Christian Wedemeyer
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Pertussis vaccination in infancy and asthma or allergy in later childhood: birth cohort study
Authors: Anirban Maitra, Andrea Sherriff, Mansel Griffiths, John Henderson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

role and are based on scant poor quality data, which do not adequately account for case mix.The study's principal limitation is its confinement to one small, though important, group of patients and services.Our findings may be atypical, and trusts' ratings may reflect outcomes elsewhere in hospital care.If these findings reflect other areas of hospital care, the government is not yet fulfilling its "commitment to provide patients and the general public with comprehensive, easily understandable information on the performance of their local health services." 1 Outcome ought to be a principal concern alongside process indicators, such as waiting times and cleanliness; to fulfil its aim, the government needs to use specialised clinical databases (accessible through www.docdat.org). 5 thank the participating intensive care units and Minesh Tailor at the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre.
Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: Their nature, effects, and possible causes
Authors: Camilla Persson Benbow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

Abstract Several hundred thousand intellectually talented 12-to 13-year-olds have been tested nationwide over the past 16 years with the mathematics and verbal sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Although no sex differences in verbal ability have been found, there have been consistent sex differences favoring males in mathematical reasoning ability, as measured by the mathematics section of the SAT (SAT-M). These differences are most pronounced at the highest levels of mathematical reasoning, they are stable over time, and they are observed in other countries as well. The sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability can predict subsequent sex differences in achievement in mathematics and science and is therefore of practical importance. To date a primarily environmental explanation for the difference in ability has not received support from the numerous studies conducted over many years by the staff of Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) and others. We have studied some of the classical environmental hypotheses: attitudes toward mathematics, perceived usefulness of mathematics, confidence, expectations/ encouragement from parents and others, sex-typing, and differential course-taking. In addition, several physiological correlates of extremely high mathematical reasoning ability have been identified (left-handedness, allergies, myopia, and perhaps bilateral representation of cognitive functions and prenatal hormonal exposure). It is therefore proposed that the sex difference in SAT-M scores among intellectually talented students, which may be related to greater male variability, results from both environmental and biological factors.
Comparative analysis of Pax-6 sequence and expression in the eye development of the blind cave fish Astyanax fasciatus and its epigean conspecific
Authors: M. Behrens, T. G. Langecker, H. Wilkens, H. Schmale
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcription factor essential for eye development in a wide range of animal phyla. In order to elucidate a possible role of Pax-6 in the eye regression of a blind cave form of the freshwater fish Astyanax fasciatus (Characidae, Teleostei) we investigated the expression of Pax-6 in eyes and brains of different larval stages by in situ hybridization. Pattern, strength, and time course of Pax-6 expression were not altered in the tissues of the cave form when compared to the epigean form. Pax-6 was even expressed in the highly degenerated eyes of late larval stages of the cave form. Comparative sequence analysis of Pax-6 cDNA clones of both forms of Astyanax fasciatus showed the complete integrity of cave fish Pax-6 mRNA. These results suggest that Pax-6 is not involved in the evolutionary process of eye degeneration in this model system of cave-living fishes. Comparison of the Astyanax Pax-6 cDNA with the other available fish Pax-6 sequence from zebrafish revealed putative fish-specific regions of homology. A stretch of 19 N-terminal amino acids is nearly identical on the nucleotide and amino acid levels in both fish species but not present in all other known Pax-6 sequences.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study of the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2·5% and prilocaine 2·5% for topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratos
Authors: S.M. Langan, P. Collins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled prospective study of the efficacy of topical anaesthesia with a eutetic mixture of lignocaine 2·5% and prilocaine 2·5% for topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid–photodynamic therapy for extensive scalp actinic keratoses Get access S.M. Langan, S.M. Langan City of Dublin Skin and Cancer Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland S.M. Langan. E‐mail: sineadlangan@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Collins P. Collins City of Dublin Skin and Cancer Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 1, 1 January 2006, Pages 146–149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06991.x Published: 01 January 2006 Article history Accepted: 30 July 2005 Published: 01 January 2006
Long-term (9-year) follow-up of patients undergoing retrograde nontransseptal balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: C.C. Stefanadis, C.G. Stratos, S.G. Lambrou, V.K. Bahl, D.V. Cokkinos, V.A. Voudns, S.G. Foussas, C.P. Tsioutis, P.K. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Periodic Health Examination
Authors: CHARLES O. BRANTIGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 March 1976Periodic Health ExaminationCHARLES O. BRANTIGAN, M.D.CHARLES O. BRANTIGAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-344_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Spitzer and Brown's article (Ann Intern Med 83:257-263, 1975) questioning the value of the periodic health examination approaches the subject from a theoretical point of view. D. A. Davinroy and I, in tabulating the results of 1100 consecutive military physical examinations, have examined their value by analyzing the basic assumptions implicit in a periodic health-examination program.Proponents of the periodic examination base their advocacy on several assumptions: [1] that there exists in the general population a large reservoir of latent or unrecognized disease discoverable by physical examination; that such disease responds to therapy; that early therapy of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES O. BRANTIGAN, M.D.Affiliations: 1427 S. Humboldt Street Denver, Colorado 80210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 344-345KeywordsArmed forces ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
RARE GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH AN XX CHROMOSOMAL PATTERN IN STREAK GONADS
Authors: B. LANDAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 February 1969RARE GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH AN XX CHROMOSOMAL PATTERN IN STREAK GONADSB. LANDAU, M.D., A. BER, M.D., B. ECKERLING, M.D., SH. ADLER, M.SC.B. LANDAU, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. BER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, B. ECKERLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SH. ADLER, M.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-2-421 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The recent publication by Schlegel, Neu, Leao, and Gardner (J. Clin. Endocr. 27: 1588, 1967) of a case of a hypogonadal female with streak gonads and an XX chromosomal constitution stresses the scarcity of similar reports in the medical literature. It seems to us that additional experience in this field should be of interest, and we are therefore presenting the report of a similar case seen by us recently.An 18-year-old woman was investigated because of primary amenorrhea and a lack of breast development. Her three sisters and four brothers were all well and showed normal sexual... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beilinson Hospital Tel Aviv University Medical School Tel Aviv Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGonadal (ovarian) dysgenesis in 46,XX individuals: Frequency of the autosomal recessive formGonadal dysgenesis with45,XO/46,XX mosaicism demonstrated only in a streak gonad 1 February 1969Volume 70, Issue 2Page: 421-423KeywordsChromosomesGonads Issue Published: 1 February 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Poet's Corner
Authors: M. DONAHOE
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry Edited by Michael G. Gelder, Juan J. López-Ibor, and Nancy Andreasen. 2131 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 2000. $249. 0-19-262970-0 Contemporary Psychiatry Edited by Fritz Henn, Norman Sartorius, Hanfried Helmchen, and Hans Lauter. 1069 pp. in three volumes, illustrated. New York, Springer-Verlag, 2001. $350. 3-540-65805-X
Authors: Paul R. McHugh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
The question of declining sperm density revisited: an analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996.
Authors: S H Swan, E P Elkin, L Fenster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In 1992 Carlsen et al. reported a significant global decline in sperm density between 1938 and 1990 [Evidence for Decreasing Quality of Semen during Last 50 Years. Br Med J 305:609-613 (1992)]. We subsequently published a reanalysis of the studies included by Carlsen et al. [Swan et al. Have Sperm Densities Declined? A Reanalysis of Global Trend Data. Environ Health Perspect 105:1228-1232 (1997)]. In that analysis we found significant declines in sperm density in the United States and Europe/Australia after controlling for abstinence time, age, percent of men with proven fertility, and specimen collection method. The declines in sperm density in the United States (approximately 1.5%/year) and Europe/Australia (approximately 3%/year) were somewhat greater than the average decline reported by Carlsen et al. (approximately 1%/year). However, we found no decline in sperm density in non-Western countries, for which data were very limited. In the current study, we used similar methods to analyze an expanded set of studies. We added 47 English language studies published in 1934-1996 to those we had analyzed previously. The average decline in sperm count was virtually unchanged from that reported previously by Carlsen et al. (slope = -0.94 vs. -0.93). The slopes in the three geographic groupings were also similar to those we reported earlier. In North America, the slope was somewhat less than the slope we had found for the United States (slope = -0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.37--0.24). Similarly, the decline in Europe (slope = -2.35; CI, -3.66--1.05) was somewhat less than reported previously. As before, studies from other countries showed no trend (slope = -0.21; CI, -2.30-1.88). These results are consistent with those of Carlsen et al. and our previous results, suggesting that the reported trends are not dependent on the particular studies included by Carlsen et al. and that the observed trends previously reported for 1938-1990 are also seen in data from 1934-1996.
Spironolactone and risk of upper gastrointestinal events: Causality remains unconvincing
Authors: Gruffydd P Jones
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Where next for China?Rising inequalities in health and wealth are biggest challenge Editor-I write with reference to the editorial by Liu. 1 Life expectancy in China doubled from 35 to 71 years between 1949 and 2001. 2 China's human development index has been rising steadily, and it ranked 85th among countries with an index of 0.755 in 2003. 2According to China's human development report, the national Gini coefficient for income distribution rose to 0.45 in 2002 from 0.3 in 1982. 2 The average income of the highest income tenth is 11 times that of the lowest tenth? 2Disparities in health indicators between urban and rural areas are widening.Life expectancy is 75.2 years for urban residents and 69.6 for rural residents. 2The human development index is 0.816 in urban areas and 0.685 in rural areas.Rural infant mortality at 34% and maternal mortality at 61.9 per 100 000 births are nearly double that in urban areas (14% and 33.1/100 000, respectively).Rural areas have only 2.4 medical personnel per 1000 residents, compared with 5.2 per 1000 residents in urban areas.Regional disparities are widespread, with the western regions faring the worst.Life expectancy for rural residents is less than 65 in Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou.Maternal mortality is also highest in the western regions.Tibet ranked lowest in terms of life expectancy (65.81 years), literacy (47%), and human development index (0.562). 2 The region has the lowest number of doctors and hospital beds in China.Only 15% of the entire population of China can afford medical insurance. 2Only 2% of rural migrant workers currently have unemployment insurance. 2Coercive public health policies include forced abortions. 3hina's ambitious aim of building a society in which people are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and basic necessities for a decent life 2 will require addressing these widening disparities, prioritising health opportunities for all, and acknowledging the inherent, instrumental and constructive 4 roles of freedom in achieving these goals.