tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANOXIA AND HUMAN PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE 12
Authors: Richard N. Westcott, Noble O. Fowler, Ralph C. Scott, Virgil D. Hauenstein, Johnson McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Although it has been recognized for some time that anoxia may result in an elevation of the pres- sure in the pulmonary artery, the mechanism of this response has not been satisfactorily explained.Von Euler and Liljestrand (1) in 1946 demon- strated in anesthetized cats that breathing 10%o to 11 %7o oxygen in nitrogen caused a rise in pulmonary artery pressure which was not affected by vagotomy or excision of the stellate ganglia, and which they therefore attributed to a direct effect of anoxia on the pulmonary vessels.Although left atrial pressure was sometimes recorded directly (2), no measurements of cardiac output were made, so that the pressor effects of changes in vascular resistance could not be separated conclusively from those due to variations in blood flow.Motley and his associates (3) in 1947 demon- strated the pulmonary hypertensive effect of anoxia in five unanesthetized human subjects, using the technique of cardiac catheterization.A slight fall in cardiac output occurred simultaneously with the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and an in- verse relationship between the two was suggested.Nevertheless, the two possible mechanisms of (a) stasis in the smaller pulmonary vessels associ- ated with a decreased output of the left ventricle, or (b) pulmonary arteriolar constriction, could not be segregated except by inference.Recent reviews (4-6) of the pulmonary circula- tion in general, have accepted the role of anoxia in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and have implied that the mechanism involved is pulmonary vasoconstriction.However, vasoconstric-
BRCA2 Regulates Homologous Recombination in Response to DNA Damage: Implications for Genome Stability and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Christine Abaji, Isabelle Cousineau, Abdellah Belmaaza
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract BRCA2 has been implicated in the maintenance of genome stability and RAD51-mediated homologous recombination repair of chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs), but its role in these processes is unclear. To gain more insight into its role in homologous recombination, we expressed wild-type BRCA2 in the well-characterized BRCA2-deficient human cell line CAPAN-1 containing, as homologous recombination substrates, either direct or inverted repeats of two inactive marker genes. Whereas direct repeats monitor a mixture of RAD51-dependent and RAD51-independent homologous recombination events, inverted repeats distinguish between these events by reporting RAD51-dependent homologous recombination, gene conversion, and crossover events only. At either repeats, BRCA2 decreases the rate and frequency of spontaneous homologous recombination, but following chromosomal DSBs, BRCA2 increases the frequency of homologous recombination. At direct repeats, BRCA2 suppresses both spontaneous gene conversion and deletions, which can arise either from crossover or RAD51-independent sister chromatid replication slippage (SCRS), but following chromosomal DSBs, BRCA2 highly promotes gene conversion with little effect on deletions. At inverted repeats, spontaneous or DSB-induced crossover events were scarce and BRCA2 does not suppress their formation. From these results, we conclude that (i) BRCA2 regulates RAD51 recombination in response to the type of DNA damage and (ii) BRCA2 suppresses SCRS, suggesting a role for BRCA2 in sister chromatids cohesion and/or alignment. Loss of such control in response to estrogen-induced DNA damage after BRCA2 inactivation may be a key initial event triggering genome instability and carcinogenesis.
Transluminal Placement of Endovascular Stent-Grafts for the Treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Michael D. Dake, D. Craig Miller, Charles P. Semba, R. Scott Mitchell, Philip J. Walker, Robert P. Liddell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The usual treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms is surgical replacement with a prosthetic graft, but the associated morbidity and mortality are considerable. We studied the use of transluminally placed endovascular stent-graft devices as an alternative to surgical repair.We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of transluminally placed stent-graft to treat descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in 13 patients over a 24-month period. Atherosclerotic, anastomotic, and post-traumatic true or false aneurysms and aortic dissections were treated. The mean diameter of the aneurysms was 6.1 cm (range, 5 to 8). The endovascular stent-grafts were custom-designed for each patient and were constructed of self-expanding stainless-steel stents covered with woven Dacron grafts.Endovascular placement of the stent-graft prosthesis was successful in all patients. There was complete thrombosis of the thoracic aortic aneurysm surrounding the stent-graft in 12 patients, and partial thrombosis in 1. Two patients initially had small, residual patent proximal tracts into the aneurysm sac, but both tracts thrombosed within two months after the procedure. In four patients, two prostheses were required to bridge the aneurysm adequately. There have been no deaths or instances of paraplegia, stroke, distal embolization, or infection during an average follow-up of 11.6 months. One patient with an extensive chronic aortic dissection required open surgical graft replacement four months later because of progressive dilatation of the arch.These preliminary results demonstrate that endovascular stent-graft repair is safe in highly selected patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. This new method of treatment will, however, require careful long-term evaluation.
IL‐12 regulates bone marrow eosinophilia and airway eotaxin levels induced by airway allergen exposure
Authors: Lin‐ling Zhao, Anders Lindén, Margareta Sjöstrand, Zhi‐hua Cui, Jan Lötvall, Manel Jordana
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Airway allergen exposure causes local eosinophilic cell infiltration. This cellular inflammatory response is likely to involve the release of eosinophils from peripheral storage pools, and possibly also regeneration of eosinophils in the bone marrow. IL‐12 is an inhibitory cytokine in allergic inflammation, shown to reduce eosinophilic cell infiltration. The aim of the present study was to determine whether airway allergen exposure increases bone marrow eosinophil production, and, if so, whether IL‐12 modulates this effect. Methods: Ovalbumin‐sensitized C57BL/6 mice and IL‐12 knockout (KO) mice were exposed to allergen via the airway route, and the inflammatory cell response was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood, and bone marrow. Results: Allergen instillation intranasally produced a dose‐dependent inflammatory response in the lower airways of sensitized mice. This inflammatory response was dominated by eosinophils, but there were also increases of both lymphocytes and neutrophils. Sensitization and airway allergen exposure also increased the IL‐5‐dependent growth of bone marrow cells in vitro . The enhanced bone marrow responsiveness in vitro was paralleled by an increased number of bone marrow eosinophils in vivo . After sensitization and repeated allergen exposure, IL‐12 KO mice showed higher eosinophil levels in both BAL and bone marrow than parallel wild‐type control mice. Furthermore, BAL‐eotaxin levels were increased in IL‐12 KO mice as opposed to parallel wild‐type controls after allergen exposure. Conclusions: Airway allergen exposure induced systemic immunologic responses, including increased eosinophil numbers in both airways and bone marrow, and also enhanced IL‐5 responsiveness in bone marrow cells. IL‐12 may regulate airway eosinophilia at both the level of eosinophilopoiesis and the level of local recruitment of eosinophils into the airways.
Research perspectives concerning asbestos minerals and their effects on biological systems
Authors: Arthur M. Langer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The interaction of asbestos minerals with biological materials is under intensive investigation throughout the world today. Physical scientists should be responsible for the selection of fibers, and their varietal types, for biological studies; they should characterize these experimental materials physically and chemically to the level of sophistication which currently exists in their fields; they should develop definitive assay methods to monitor changes in such characteristics after biological residence; they should actively participate in the formulation of theories or mechanisms of particle interaction in biological systems.Physical scientists should begin the characterization of minerals in the environment and the determination of ambient fiber levels in air and potable water supplies. Such characterization of the environment requires standardized instrumentation and preparation techniques. Acquisition of data in numbers large enough to achieve statistical significance requires the development of automated counting strategies. Instrumentation and software have yet to be developed. The training of physical scientists in environmental areas is lagging behind current national needs and must be accelerated.
Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function
Authors: C.W Hutton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Book reviewsemphasises in a chapter on epidemiology the need for defining terms, going back to clinical observation, and defining out- come-not quite saying forget about the past and start afresh, but not far from that.Epidemiology is one methodology.Another is clinical trial, but the book does not emphasise which studies were controlled and which were not.A third problem is development of concepts.The chapter on fibromyalgia is an excellent review of a developing concept, which explores possible psychological, neurological, and viral abnormality, but puts it in the context of clinical observation and the controversy about its very existence.It highlights the experimental work of Kellgren and Lewis, confirmed later by Hockaday, on pain response to muscle injection with saline-experimental work, repeated by an independent observer and largely forgotten by the following generation of rheumatologists.A similar chapter on repetitive strain injury is sadly absent.Next time we set off into the outback to investigate the unmanned frontier it would be helpful to remember the controlled trial-possibly send an epidemiologist.A look at the maps of those who have been before should induce a healthy scepticism of early explorers.The conference on soft tissue disorders goes some way towards getting that perspective, but sadly does not reference Norton Hadler's review of regional musculoskeletal disorders,' which gives a more balanced view, but is a more expensive guide.
Short termism in the NHS
Authors: R. Rosen, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Many clinicians now believe that the key initial step in stopping progression from pre-eclampsia to eclampsia is effective treatment of the hypertension.A strong case exists for a placebo controlled trial of magnesium sulphate in pre-eclamptic women.As well as addressing maternal outcomes, such a trial could clarify suggestions that exposure to magnesium sulphate in utero decreases the risk of cerebral palsy in very low birthweight babies.4Broader issues also arise from the collaborative eclampsia trial.Firstly, for those interested in how research influences clinical practice this will be an interesting example to monitor because rarely does a trial produce such unambiguous findings and there are many countries, including Britain, where magnesium sulphate is little used at present.Secondly, clinical trials oftreatments for other uncommon but important diseases may be best undertaken in the developing world.The collaborative eclampsia trial was such a success because of the large number of eclamptic women whom doctors in the developing world were able to recruit from their tertiary referral centres.5To those who might question whether the findings can be generalised one can point out the similar death rates in the magnesium sulphate arms of the trial and in eclamptic women in Britain in 1992.6The network responsible for the trial is well placed to answer other important questions about obstetric care, including the optimal treatment of pre-eclampsia.
Novel Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer through Global Inverse Gene-Expression Profiling
Authors: Vera van Noort, Sebastian Schölch, Murat Iskar, Georg Zeller, Kristina Ostertag, Christine Schweitzer, Kristin Werner, Jürgen Weitz, Moritz Koch, Peer Bork
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Drug-induced gene-expression profiles that invert disease profiles have recently been illustrated to be a starting point for drug repositioning. In this study, we validate this approach and focus on prediction of novel drugs for colorectal cancer, for which there is a pressing need to find novel antimetastatic compounds. We computationally predicted three novel and still unknown compounds against colorectal cancer: citalopram (an antidepressant), troglitazone (an antidiabetic), and enilconazole (a fungicide). We verified the compounds by in vitro assays of clonogenic survival, proliferation, and migration and in a subcutaneous mouse model. We found evidence that the mode of action of these compounds may be through inhibition of TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, one compound, citalopram, reduced tumor size as well as the number of circulating tumor cells and metastases in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. This study proposes citalopram as a potential therapeutic option for patients with colorectal cancer, illustrating the potential of systems pharmacology.
Contamination of hospital disinfectants with Pseudomonas species.
Authors: D. W. Burdon, J. L. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1967)

During the investigation of an outbreak of infection caused by Proteus mirabilis in the infants' nursery it was found that solu tions of disinfectants in use there were contaminated with viable Gram-negative bacilli. The organisms cultured were not Proteus sp., and were quite unconnected with the outbreak. This finding prompted us to examine stocks of disinfectants in the hospital for the presence of living bacteria. Subsequent investigation showed that aqueous solutions of Hibitane (chlorhexidine) and Savlon (cetrimide-chlorhexidine mixture in the ratio 10:1) issued from the pharmacy and in use throughout the hospital were frequently contaminated with organisms identified as Pseudomonas sp. The insidious nature of this contamination and its extensiveness seemed important enough to report, as such contamination may be more wide spread than is generally supposed.
Tuberculosis in BCG-Vaccinated Nurses
Authors: Albert I. DeFriez, Theodore L. Badger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SINCE 1947 voluntary programs of BCG vaccination have been in effect in Massachusetts under the auspices of the United States Public Health Service and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Such a program was started at the School of Nursing at the Boston City Hospital. The following report reflects five years' experience with this program, with special reference to the development of tuberculosis following BCG vaccination.Historical AspectsSince Koch's1 isolation of the tubercle bacillus in 1882, investigators have tried to develop a suitable vaccine for protection against tuberculosis. Early attempts with tuberculin2 3 4 were unsuccessful, as were other attempts to . . .
Concerning Viability and The Decubitus Positions
Authors: Frank Cole
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To  Editor:—  A communication by Drs. Allen, Carrera, and Weed ( 207 : 756, 1969) prompts me to these comments.  The authors speak of   male  who was to live only 56 minutes. Later they state that the infant should be placed in  left lateral decubitus position.  Viable means capable of living and this human being's entire life span was less than an hour. If it is argued that  pathology could not be foreseen, I would reply that  word viable ought not to have been used  Left lateral decubitus position (left  up or down?) is an elegant phrase and means on  left side. On  left side is plain English, has smaller words and less than half  letters, and is better English when a life is at stake and time is precious.  I have little quarrel with due to, although Fowler requires owing to,
Abstract 3196: The role of G<i>a</i>12 and Thromboxane receptor beta interaction in bladder cancer progression
Authors: Julie A. Woolworth, Dennis Watson, Perry V. Halushka, Omar Moussa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In the United States, it is predicted that there will be over 70,000 new cases of bladder cancer this year. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and eighth in women. Our lab has identified that Thromboxane receptor beta (TPβ) plays a role in bladder cancer progression. Our studies have previously shown that TPβ can induce malignant transformation in the immortalized non-transformed bladder cell line, SV-HUC. TPβ is a G-protein coupled receptor that is over-expressed in bladder cancer tumors and high levels of TPβ in bladder cancer patients correlate with decreased survival. G-proteins, such as Gα12, are involved in second messenger cascades that influence a variety of cellular functions, including transcription and motility. Constitutive activation of Gα12 has been shown to induce malignant transformation. Gα12 messenger RNA and protein are expressed in bladder cell lines and paraffin-embedded tissue obtained from bladder cancer patients. This study was designed to elucidate the TPβ and Gα12 dependent pathways that contribute to bladder cancer progression. We found that treatment with TP agonist, U46619, increases cell migration, while treatment with TP antagonist, GR32191, blocks agonist dependent increase in cell migration. We observe that knockdown of Gα12 with shRNA partially reduces U46619-induced cell migration and MAP kinase signaling. Together our results suggest that TPβ mediated malignant phenotypes are in part modulated by Gα12. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3196.
TCT-787 Effectiveness of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation in High Surgical Risk Patients
Authors: D. Scott Lim, Saibal Kar, Patrick Whitlow, Michael Argenziano, Alfredo Trento, Gorav Ailawadi, Donald Glower, Ted Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Malignant hyperthermia: nightmare for anesthesiologists—and patients
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"This his is one of the worst things that has ever happened to me in the operating room and I sincerely hope I never have to experience another thing like it." The quotation is from a letter written to a colleague by the chair of anesthesiology at a major university medical center. He is discussing the death of a patient during a routine fracture reduction. The patient, Richard Davidson, appeared to be as good an operative risk as one could find. He was 35 years old, tall, muscular, and robustly healthy. He had slipped on an icy street and had sustained a compound fracture of the ankle, the repair of which necessitated an open reduction. The operation was successful, but as the tourniquet was removed from Davidson's leg, he had a few premature ventricular contractions. Attempts at suppressing arrhythmia were only temporarily successful, and 60 minutes after the tourniquet's release,
David Aloysius Macfarlane
Authors: D. E. Sibson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David Aloysius Macfarlane’s initial surgical training was in Cardiff and Bridgend, but he then moved to St James’ Hospital, Balham, as surgical registrar and subsequently was tutor in surgery and casualty surgeon at St Bartholomew’s Hospital. In between these two posts he spent a period as a research fellow in surgery at Harvard University in Boston, USA.

He was a Hunterian professor in 1957-58, lecturing on cancer of the adrenal …
European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition – Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis
Authors: R. Valori, J-F. Rey, W. Atkin, M. Bretthauer, C. Senore, G. Hoff, E. Kuipers, L. Altenhofen, R. Lambert, G. Minoli
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The full guideline document covers the entire process of population-based screening. It consists of 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. The 450-page guidelines and the extensive evidence base have been published by the European Commission. The chapter on quality assurance in endoscopy includes 50 graded recommendations. The content of the chapter is presented here to promote international discussion and collaboration by making the principles and standards recommended in the new EU Guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community. Following these recommendations has the potential to enhance the control of colorectal cancer through improvement in the quality and effectiveness of endoscopy and other elements in the screening process, including multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of the disease.
Meralgia paresthetica. Unsusual complication of inguinal herniorrhaphy
Authors: T. Rao
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN 1895, Bernhardt described a curious condition marked by paresthesia on the anterior and lateral surface of the thigh which became painful on applying pressure over the abnormally sensitive area. In the same year, Roth gave the disease its formidable title "meralgia paresthetica," from the Greek words<i>meros</i>(thigh) and<i>algos</i>(pain). Reviews<sup>1,2</sup>on meralgia paresthetica listed various medical and surgical conditions as causative factors, but so far no case has been reported where meralgia paresthetica occurred following inguinal herniorrhaphy. We report a case of meralgia paresthetica following inguinal herniorrhaphy and review the cause, symptoms, and treatment of the condition. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old woman weighing 59 kg entered the hospital for an elective left indirect inguinal herniorrhaphy. Anesthesia consisted of a subarachnoid block, performed atraumatically at the L4-5 level with a 22-gauge spinal needle and 2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine hydrochloride. After a sensory level
Academic boycotts of South Africans
Authors: S K Morcos, P B Anderson, G Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (1986)

advantage of Polaroid films is their relatively low resolution, which may fail to pick out fine vessels if the quality of the photograph is other than excellent.This finding coincides with our experience of working in a retinopathy clinic.Over the past eight months of using the non-mydriatic camera there were at least eight cases ofproliferative retinopathy which presented with lesions outside its photographic field.