tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S67 Lung Clearance Index (lci) Is A Sensitive Predictor Of High Resolution Computed Tomography (hrct) Scores In Children With Non-cf Bronchiectasis
Authors: S. Irving, A. Nair, J. Davies, D. Hansell, C. Hogg, A. Bush
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> LCI is a sensitive predictor of early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, and correlates with HRCT better than spirometry (Thorax. 2008;63:129–134). The same is true in adults with non-CF bronchiectasis (Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:586–592.), but by contrast, in PCD there were no relationships between LCI, HRCT or spirometry (Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188:545–549). It is unclear whether these differences reflect primary versus secondary ciliary dyskinesia, or CFTR versus non-CFTR disease. We hypothesised that in children with non-CF bronchiectasis, relationships between spirometry, LCI and HRCT will be similar to those in CF children and non-CF bronchiectasis adults, rather than PCD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 12 children with non-CF bronchiectasis performed LCI and spirometry and underwent thoracic HRCT. HRCT scans were scored quantitatively (Thorax. 2013;68:532–539). Results were compared with those from large CF (n = 125) and PCD (n = 38) cohorts. <h3>Results</h3> In non-CF bronchiectasis there was a correlation between first second forced expired volume (FEV<sub>1</sub>) and LCI (p = 0.009, r=-0.6), similar to that seen in CF (p &lt; 0.0001, r=-0.6) but not in PCD (Figure). In non-CF bronchiectasis LCI was more significantly correlated with HRCT (extent and severity of bronchiectasis (p = 0.002, r = 0.8 and p = 0.01, r = 0.7 respectively), airway wall thickening (p = 0.01, r = 0.7) and air trapping (p = 0.0006, r = 0.8)) than was spirometry (only correlation with air trapping (p = 0.03, r=-0.6)). As shown previously, there were good correlations between HRCT and LCI in CF, but in PCD only air trapping correlated with LCI, and there were no correlations with FEV<sub>1</sub>. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LCI is a good marker of structural lung disease in children with non-CF bronchiectasis and is more sensitive to HRCT abnormalities than spirometry, similar to adults, and CF at all ages. This suggests the different relationships seen in PCD result from the effects of primary versus secondary ciliary dyskinesia rather than CFTR versus non-CFTR lung disease. LCI may be useful in monitoring children with non-CF bronchiectasis, but this needs to be confirmed longitudinally. The results illustrate the importance of not extrapolating between different airway diseases.
Australian Aboriginal Medicine Before European Contact
Authors: JOHN E. CAWTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Abroad1 March 1975Australian Aboriginal Medicine Before European ContactJOHN E. CAWTE, M.D.JOHN E. CAWTE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-422 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHardly any of the Australian subcontinent remains unexplored by the present-day European inhabitants, and hardly any of the original Australoid inhabitants remain outside effective contact with Europeans. However, for some groups of native Australians or Aborigines, effective contact is relatively recent so that it is still possible to make scientific observations of their medical system as it probably operated before the European invasion. One such group, the Kaiadilt of Bentinck Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, which came into effective contact in 1948, has been reported in the bookCruel, Poor and Brutal Nations( 1 ). This medical...References1. CAWTE J: Cruel, Poor and Brutal Nations. Honolulu, The University Press of Hawaii, 1972 Google Scholar2. Aboriginal Healing, 16 mm colour film with sound, 45 minutes. Available at cost to teaching organizations from The Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Box 550, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia Google Scholar3. CAWTE J: Medicine is the Law. Studies in the Psychiatric Anthropology of Australian Tribal Societies. Honolulu, The University Press of Hawaii, 1974 Google Scholar4. Aboriginal Mourning, 16 mm colour film with sound, 20 minutes. Available at cost to teaching organizations from The Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Box 550, Canberra, A.C.T 2600, Australia Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New South Wales Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, N.S.W. Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPHYTOTHERAPIES USED BY INDIGENOUS POPULATIONSReferencesSociocultural Influences on Health and Health CareSome aspects of Yoruba traditional healers and their practiceSocial and Cultural Influences on Mental Health in Aboriginal Australia: A Summary of Ten Years' Research 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 422-423 Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dissociation of absorptions of calcium and phosphate after successful cadaveric renal transplantation.
Authors: K Farrington, Z Varghese, S P Newman, K Y Ahmed, O N Fernando, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Calcium and phosphate absorptions were studied by radiotracer techniques in 30 patients after successful cadaveric renal transplantation, and results were compared with those in a group of normal subjects and in groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Both calcium and phosphate absorptions were impared in patients with CRF, including those receiving haemodialysis. Abnormalities of calcium absorption, however, seemed to occur earlier in the course of advanced renal failure than abnormalities in phosphate absorption. Calcium absorption improved dramatically after successful renal transplantation, while phosphate absorption remained the same. A dissociation between calcium and phosphate absorptions is not often seen clinically, and the mechanisms for it are unknown. Phosphate malabsorption may be a further contributing factor in the development of persistent hypophosphataemia after transplantation.
Familial Hypoparathyroidism with Pernicious Anemia, Steatorrhea and Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Authors: W. I. Morse, W. A. Cochrane, P. L. Landrigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IDIOPATHIC hypoparathyroidism is an uncommon condition,1 but its association with impaired adrenal or gastrointestinal function and moniliasis has engendered interest in its pathogenesis.2 , 3 Three siblings were affected in the family described by Sutphin, Albright and McCune.4 The coexistence of hypoparathyroidism and pernicious anemia has been reported by Reisner and Ellsworth5 and Wilkins.6 In the family reported below, 5 out of 11 siblings were affected. The hypoparathyroidism was associated with impaired vitamin B12 absorption in 4, impaired adrenal function in 2 and inconstant steatorrhea in 1. All 5 had partial anodontia and elevated sweat electrolyte concentrations. Four were mentally deficient. . . .
Genetic screen identifies microRNA cluster 99b/let-7e/125a as a regulator of primitive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Alice Gerrits, Marta A. Walasek, Sandra Olthof, Ellen Weersing, Martha Ritsema, Erik Zwart, Ronald van Os, Leonid V. Bystrykh, Gerald de Haan
Journal: Blood (2011)
Comparison of the significance of three histopathological thresholds of malignancy in experimental colorectal tumours.
Authors: C Rowlatt, J P Cruse, T Barton, A A Sadrudin, M R Lewin
Journal: Gut (1989)

The purpose of this experiment was to study sequential histogenesis of colonic epithelial tumours in the dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat colon cancer model. Seventy outbred female Wistar rats treated with DMH (40 mg/kg, subcutaneously weekly for five weeks) were killed and autopsied in batches of 10 every five weeks from the 10th to 40th weeks from first treatment. The resulting 378 colonic lesions were assigned to benign or malignant categories using each of three standard histopathological thresholds of malignancy: alpha, the transition from dysplasia to intraepithelial carcinoma; beta, invasion through the crypt basement membrane; and gamma, invasion through the muscularis mucosae. These comprised 79 9benign9 and 299 9malignant9 or 273 9benign9 and 141 9malignant9 lesions depending on the threshold (alpha or gamma) assigned (p less than 0.001). Decreasing ratios of pre-threshold to post-threshold lesions between 15 and 40 weeks (alpha, 2.0 to 0.051; beta, 3.5 to 0.57; gamma, 8.0 to 0.87) provide some support for an 9adenoma-carcinoma9 progression for each. Comparison of time-dependent prevalence curves confirms that the alpha threshold (cyto-architecture) is qualitatively different from the beta and gamma thresholds (invasion), showing that the adenoma-carcinoma and de novo hypotheses need not be mutually exclusive. The time-dependent prevalence data support de novo origin of some carcinomas, as well as at least two other modes of accrual for neoplastic lesions.
Glucose-dependent leukocyte activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, familial combined hyperlipidemia and healthy controls
Authors: Marijke A. de Vries, Arash Alipour, Boudewijn Klop, Gert-Jan M. van de Geijn, Hans W. Janssen, Tjin L. Njo, Noëlle van der Meulen, Arie P. Rietveld, Anho H. Liem, Elsbeth M. Westerman, Wouter W. de Herder, Manuel Castro Cabezas
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns
Authors: John N. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the article by László Tabar, MD, and Peter B. Dean, MD, on breast parenchymal patterns (BPP) (1982;247:185) and the editorial by Myron Moskowitz, MD (1982;247:210). The material of Tabar and Dean is compared to my work. The patient population is entirely different. There is the usual problem of knowing whether or not investigators are classifying the same. I had the opportunity of reviewing a number of cases from this study and had some difficulty in classifying them, in that the radiographic technique as used in Sweden differs vastly from mine. There is no reference made to this cooperative effort; likely the authors did not have the chance to make correlations. Not to be lost is the fact that the authors do conclude that there is significance to the P2 and DY patterns insofar as risk for carcinoma is concerned. The incident
Identification of the Raji cell membrane-derived C1q inhibitor as a receptor for human C1q. Purification and immunochemical characterization.
Authors: B Ghebrehiwet, L Silvestri, C McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

We have shown previously that an activity which is capable of precipitating purified C1q and inhibiting some of the C1q-dependent biologic reactions could be solubilized from the membranes of both normal human peripheral B lymphocytes and a B cell-derived lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji), both of which are known to possess receptors for human C1q. In this report we present evidence that this membrane-associated C1q inhibitor is a chondroitinase-insensitive macromolecule and is the receptor for human C1q. The receptor was solubilized from membranes of Raji cells with Nonidet P-40 and purified to homogeneity using C1q-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation analysis revealed that the complex could be resolved into a protein-rich, low density fraction and a carbohydrate-rich, high density fraction. The large hydrodynamic size, coupled with the high buoyant density, suggests that a proteoglycan is a constituent of the complex and indicates that the receptor might be a macromolecular complex of a proteoglycan portion noncovalently linked to a 60-70 kD glycoprotein. The glycoprotein moiety, in turn, consists of two or more identical (70,000 mol wt) polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bonds and constitutes the C1q receptor (C1qR). Sucrose density ultracentrifugation analysis showed that the isolated receptor sediments with an apparent rate of 4.2 S. Immunochemical analyses demonstrated that a typical preparation of the C1qR complex consists of approximately 23% uronic acid and approximately 21% galactosamine with a galactosamine-to-glucosamine ratio of 3.2. Binding of C1q to the receptor was found to be optimal at low ionic strength and neutral or near-neutral pH (7-7.4). The isolated receptor was found to inhibit C1q hemolytic function, abrogate C1q-dependent rosette formation, and block the C1q-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, all of which are activities mediated by the receptor.
Megestrol Acetate in the Spectrum of Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Robert M. Carey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 June 1998Megestrol Acetate in the Spectrum of Adrenal InsufficiencyRobert M. Carey, MDRobert M. Carey, MDUniversity of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA 22908Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:An awareness of these observations is important for clinicians caring for patients receiving megesterol acetate. The articles describing the complication of adrenal insufficiency were published in 1997, after my manuscript had been submitted for publication in Annals. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1047 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tumor Cell-Organ Microenvironment Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Robert R. Langley, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2007)

The process of cancer metastasis is sequential and selective and contains stochastic elements. The growth of metastases represents the endpoint of many lethal events that few tumor cells can survive. Primary tumors consist of multiple subpopulations of cells with heterogeneous metastatic properties, and the outcome of metastasis depends on the interplay of tumor cells with various host factors. The findings that different metastases can originate from different progenitor cells account for the biological diversity that exists among various metastases. Even within a solitary metastasis of proven clonal origin, however, heterogeneity of biological characteristics can develop rapidly. The pathogenesis of metastasis depends on multiple interactions of metastatic cells with favorable host homeostatic mechanisms. Interruption of one or more of these interactions can lead to the inhibition or eradication of cancer metastasis. For many years, all of our efforts to treat cancer have concentrated on the inhibition or destruction of tumor cells. Strategies both to treat tumor cells (such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy) and to modulate the host microenvironment (including the tumor vasculature) should offer additional approaches for cancer treatment. The recent advances in our understanding of the biological basis of cancer metastasis present unprecedented possibilities for translating basic research to the clinical reality of cancer treatment.
STUDIES IN STEROID METABOLISM. XXII. THE ADRENAL RESPONSE TO ACTH IN YOUNG AND OLD MEN 1
Authors: Konrad Dobriner, Attallah Kappas, C. P. Rhoads, T. F. Gallagher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Recent data based on isolation and quantitation of metabolites of adrenal hormones indicated that adrenal function was independent of chronologi- cal age (1).It was important, therefore, to study the capacity of older men to respond to adrenal stimulation and to compare the character of this response with that of younger men, since a prime characteristic of the adrenal gland is the capacity for quick and often large scale response.In a previous study based on the adrenal response to intramuscularly administered ACTH, Solomon and Shock (2) concluded that the ability of the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones of the 11, 17- oxygenated type was not grossly impaired in the aged.Pincus (3) was unable to detect a significant difference in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH between healthy young men and old men.The results obtained in this study, in which the individual metabolic products of adrenal cortical hormones were separated and identified, confirm and extend these general conclusions. METHODSFour normal male subjects were studied: the ages were 31, 32, 63, and 65 years.All lived on a metabolic ward during the course of the study, and metabolic bal- ance data on these men have been reported (4).The essential details of the study are as follows: a control pe-
The Alcohol Hangover
Authors: Jeff Becker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters20 March 2001The Alcohol HangoverJeff Becker, BAJeff Becker, BABeer Institute; Washington, DC 20001 (Becker)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-6-200103200-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Wiese and colleagues' statement that hangover-induced absenteeism and poor job performance costs the U.S. economy $148 billion each year is incorrect, as are the claims that the annual cost is $2000 per worker and that light-to-moderate drinkers are the primary source of the problem (1). The authors cite a report by Stockwell, but the $148 billion lost-productivity estimate is not found in this source. However, the National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism estimate that the total cost of alcohol abuse in the United States is $148 billion (2). Of note, ...References1. Wiese JG, Shlipak MG, Browner WS. The alcohol hangover. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:897-902. [PMID: 0010836917] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Harwood H, Fountain D, Livermore G. The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States, 1992. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Office of Science Policy and Communications, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Office of Policy Analysis; 1998. NIH publication no. 98-4327. Google Scholar3. Manning WG, Keeler EB, Newhouse JP, Sloss EM, Wasserman J. The taxes of sin. Do smokers and drinkers pay their way? JAMA. 1989;261:1604-9. [PMID: 0002918654] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Zarkin GA, French MT, Mroz T, Bray JW. Alcohol use and wages: new results from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. J Health Econ. 1998;17:53-68. [PMID: 0010176315] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Stockwell T. Towards guidelines for low-risk drinking: quantifying the short- and long-term costs of hazardous alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22:63S-69S. [PMID: 0009603308] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeff Becker, BAAffiliations: Beer Institute; Washington, DC 20001 (Becker) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Alcohol Hangover Jeffrey G. Wiese , Michael G. Shlipak , and Warren S. Browner The Alcohol Hangover Jeffrey Wiese and Michael Shlipak Metrics Cited byJourney from responsible alcohol drinking to alcoholismAlcohol hangover: a critical review of explanatory factorsComplementary therapies for alcohol hangoversThe Alcohol Hangover And Its Potential Impact On The UK Armed Forces: A review Of The Literature On Post-alcohol Impairment 20 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 6Page: 533-534KeywordsAddictionAlcoholismAlcoholsBehaviorDrug abuseRunning ePublished: 20 March 2001 Issue Published: 20 March 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P249Association of the soluble interleukin 6 receptor and its natural antagonist, sgp130, with the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: I Moreno, Z Golabkesh, H Kallberg, K Leander, U De Faire, B Gigante
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aim: To investigate the association of soluble Interleukin 6 receptor (sIL6R) levels with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in a large population base case-control study, the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) and to explore whether circulating levels of the soluble gp130 (sgp130), a natural antagonist of the sIL6R, might modify this association.
Reversal of hypoxia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and oedema during treatment with long term domiciliary oxygen
Authors: K M Skwarski, D Morrison, W MacNee
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Abstract A case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension and oedema is presented, with reversal of hypoxaemia over 18 months during treatment with long term oxygen therapy.
Digoxin, Propranolol, and Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Authors: JUI-SUNG HUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

In 22 patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia incorporating a retrogradely conducting accessory pathway, electrophysiologic studies were done before and after oral digoxin, 1.25 mg, and propranolol, 160 to 240 mg, each given in 4 divided doses at 6-hour intervals. Before digoxin and propranolol, all 22 patients had induction of sustained tachycardia. After the medication six patients lost the ability to induce atrial echo and one lost the ability to sustain tachycardia due to an increased retrograde accessory pathway or atrial refractoriness or both. Six patients lost the ability to induce or sustain tachycardia due to increased atrioventricular nodal refractoriness. In the remaining nine patients with inducible sustained tachycardia, cycle lengths of tachycardia were prolonged. These findings suggest that combined use of oral digoxin and propranolol is useful in selected patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia.