tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of a Diagnostic DNA Marker for Domesticated Tetraploid Wheat Provides Evidence for Gene Flow from Wild Tetraploid Wheat to Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: J. Dvorak
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

All forms of domesticated tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum, genomes AABB) are nearly monomorphic for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotype a at the Xpsr920 locus on chromosome 4A (Xpsr920-A1a), and wild tetraploid wheat is monomorphic for haplotype b. The Xpsr920-A1a/b dimorphism provides a molecular marker for domesticated and wild tetraploid wheat, respectively. Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, genomes AABBDD) is polymorphic for the 2 haplotypes. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones hybridizing with PSR920 were isolated from Triticum urartu (genomes AA), Triticum monococcum (genomes AmAm), and T. turgidum ssp. durum (genomes AABB) and sequenced. PSR920 is a fragment of a putative ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene (designated ABCT-1). The wheat ABCT-1 gene is more similar to the T. urartu gene than to the T. monococcum gene and diverged from the T. urartu gene about 0.7 MYA. The comparison of the sequence of the wheat A genome BAC clone with that of the T. urartu BAC clone provides the first insight into the microsynteny of the wheat A genome with that of T. urartu. Within 103 kb of orthologous intergenic space, 37 kb of new DNA has been inserted and 36 kb deleted leaving 49.7% of the region syntenic between the clones. The nucleotide substitution rate in the syntenic intergenic space has been 1.6 × 10−8 nt−1 year−1, which is, respectively, 4 and 3 times as great as nucleotide substitution rates in the introns and the third codon positions of the juxtaposed gene. The RFLP is caused by a miniature inverted transposable element (MITE) insertion into intron 18 of the ABCT-A1 gene. Polymerase chain reaction primers were developed for the amplification of the MITE insertion site and its sequencing. The T. aestivum ABCT-A1a haplotype is identical to the haplotype of domesticated tetraploid wheat, and the ABCT-A1b haplotype is identical to that of wild tetraploid wheat. This finding shows for the first time that wild tetraploid wheat participated in the evolution of hexaploid wheat. A cline of the 2 haplotype frequencies exists across Euro-Asia in T. aestivum. It is suggested that T. aestivum in eastern Asia conserved the gene pool of the original T. aestivum more than wheat elsewhere.
Responsibility for Testing Drugs in Humans
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1964)

INVESTIGATING the action of drugs in humans is an honored and respected calling—a calling that has been followed by some of medicine's giants: Lind, Jenner, Withering, Pasteur, Koch, Ehrlich, Flexner, and Minot—to mention only a few. As the pace of discovery has quickened, hosts of investigators have been enlisted in the cause, some who were well-trained, others who were neophytes, some who were eager to serve, and others who had to be pressed into service. Some drugs have been investigated by basic scientists, others by clinicians. The study of drugs by clinicians is a part of clinical investigation. The importance of clinical investigation has been recognized in the United States by the formation of special societies: national societies such as the Association of American Physicians founded in 1885, the American Society for Clinical Investigation founded in 1908, the American Federation for Clinical Research founded in 1940, several regional societies such as the Central, Southern, and Western Societies for Clinical
Recent Advances in Mobile Technology Benefit Global Health, Research, and Care
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A nervous breakdown in the skin: stress and the epidermal barrier
Authors: Andrzej Slominski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In this issue of the JCI, Aberg and colleagues report that psychological stress disrupts the skin’s antimicrobial barrier and increases the severity of cutaneous infections (see the related article beginning on page 3339). This effect is mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids produced secondarily to stress-related activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Thus, this study provides what I believe to be the first mechanistic link between psychological stress and increased susceptibility to microbial infection.
Induction of the IL-9 gene by HTLV-I Tax stimulates the spontaneous proliferation of primary adult T-cell leukemia cells by a paracrine mechanism
Authors: Jing Chen, Mike Petrus, Bonita R. Bryant, Vinh Phuc Nguyen, Mindy Stamer, Carolyn K. Goldman, Richard Bamford, John C. Morris, John E. Janik, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: Blood (2008)
Lymphocytic myocarditis presenting as unexplained ventricular arrhythmias: Diagnosis with endomyocardial biopsy and response to immunosuppression
Authors: Paul A. Vignola, Kazutaka Aonuma, Paul S. Swaye, John J. Rozanski, Ronald L. Blankstein, Jerome Benson, Arthur J. Gosselin, John W. Lister
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
A Study of So-Called Hypochondriasis
Authors: C. von Scheele, L. Nordgren, V. Kempi, J. Hetta, A. Hallborg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Twenty-four patients with unexplained somatic complaints were subjected to a thorough somatic examination. Only when the examination proved negative was the patient entered into the study. The patients were clinically appraised according to criteria given in DSM-III. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was diagnosed in 12, somatization disorder (SD) in 8, and hypochondriasis in 4 patients. Seventeen of the 24 patients agreed to participate in biochemical investigations including a TRH load, a dexamethasone test, and a determination of the monoamine metabolites 5-HIAA and HVA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A normal TSH increase and a normal suppression of cortisol were registered. The HVA values correlated significantly with the 5-HIAA values as well as with the alexithymia scores. Concerning alexithymia and maturity level, no difference as to social class was found. The patients filled in a Zung depression chart. The Zung scale and the 5-HIAA values were both inconsistent with depressive illness. In so-called hypochondriasis a long-term relationship, including selected somatic and biochemical examinations and thorough information, was crucial in abating the patient's distrust and thus the need for health care.
Is It Better with a Union Doctor?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Are house officers employees or graduate students? Should they be allowed to form unions and thus be empowered to bargain collectively with hospitals? These questions have been gathering steam for several years and now seem headed for final resolution in the federal courts or in Congress.In 1976 the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ruled that house officers were students and hence had no status under the Labor Relations Act. The Physicians National House Staff Association (PNHA), which was seeking recognition as the national house-officers' union, turned to the courts, and the question has been under litigation ever since. Regardless . . .
Factors Associated With the Transition to Nonprone Sleep Positions of Infants in the United States
Authors: Marian Willinger, Howard J. Hoffman, Kuo-Tsung Wu, Jin-Rong Hou, Ronald C. Kessler, Sally L. Ward, Thomas G. Keens, Michael J. Corwin
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Studies have demonstrated strong associations between the prone sleep position (on the stomach) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that infants be placed to sleep laterally (on their side) or supine (on their back) to reduce SIDS risk, and in 1994, the national public education campaign "Back to Sleep" was launched.To determine the typical sleep position of infants younger than 8 months in the United States, the changes that occurred after these recommendations, and the factors associated with the placement of infants prone or supine.Annual nationally representative telephone surveys.The 48 contiguous states of the United States.Nighttime caregivers of infants born within the last 7 months between 1992 and 1996. Approximately 1000 interviews were conducted per year.The position the infant was usually placed in for sleep, and the position the infant was most commonly found in when checked during the night's sleep.Ninety-seven percent of respondents in each wave of the survey usually placed their infant to sleep in a specific position. Infants were placed in the prone position by 70% of caregivers in 1992, prior to the campaign, but only 24% in 1996. Supine and lateral placements increased during this time period, from 13% in 1992 to 35% in 1996 and from 15% in 1992 to 39% in 1996, respectively. Significant predictors of prone placement included maternal race reported as black (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-3.26), mother's age 20 to 29 years (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.50), region reported as the mid-Atlantic (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12-1.78) or southern states (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.22-1.70), mothers with a previous child (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.43-1.97), and infants younger than 8 weeks (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.85). Infants aged 8 to 15 weeks were significantly more likely to be placed nonprone over time compared with the other age groups. Most of the risk factors for prone were significantly related in the opposite direction to supine placement.The prevalence of infants placed in the prone sleep position declined by 66% between 1992 and 1996. Although causality cannot be proved, SIDS rates declined approximately 38% during this period. To achieve further reduction in prone sleeping, efforts to promote the supine sleep position should be aimed at groups at high risk for prone placement.
Letterer-Siwe disease: a study of thirteen cases over a 21-year period
Authors: E.ANN BINGHAM, J.M. BRIDGES, A.M.T. KELLY, D. BURROWS, N.C. NEVIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

In Northern Ireland, with a population of 1.5 million, thirteen cases of Letterer-Siwe disease have been diagnosed over the past 21 years. The average age of onset was 10.5 months. There was a 69% mortality with an average survival time from diagnosis to death of 3.3 months. Four children survived with no morbidity. All deaths were from pulmonary complications, but two cases with pulmonary infiltration responded to treatment with quadruple chemotherapy. There were no familial cases in this study.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTED INTAKE OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC AND EICOSAPENTAENOIC FATTY ACIDS ON VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENT'S WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR
Authors: Dalit Weisman, Michael Glikson, Uri Goldbourt, David Luria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Resource-Based Relative Values
Authors: William C. Hsiao
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Studies have been conducted over the past decade to develop a Resource-Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS) for physicians' services. Policymakers view an RBRVS as a potential tool to pay physicians. The Physician Payment Review Commission, under a congressional mandate, has endorsed the general concept of a fee schedule based on resource costs for physician payment under Medicare. In this overview article, we present the policy context in which the RBRVS may play a role and describe the approach taken to develop this scale, specifically consultation with clinicians, researchers, and insurers and data gathering, including a national survey of physicians. We discuss underlying elements that are necessary to constructing an RBRVS, each of which is described more fully in subsequent articles: measuring the work (intraservice work) of performing medical services and procedures, estimating preservice and postservice work, comparing work across specialties, measuring practice costs, extrapolating from surveyed services, and establishing an RBRVS for evaluation/management services and for invasive procedures. Overall results are presented in a companion article.
Heritability of serum iron measures in the hemochromatosis and iron overload screening (HEIRS) family study
Authors: Christine E. McLaren, James C. Barton, John H. Eckfeldt, Gordon D. McLaren, Ronald T. Acton, Paul C. Adams, Leora F. Henkin, Victor R. Gordeuk, Chris D. Vulpe, Emily L. Harris, Barbara W. Harrison, Jacob A. Reiss, Beverly M. Snively
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Heritability is the proportion of observed variation in a trait among individuals in a population that is attributable to hereditary factors. The Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening family study estimated heritability of serum iron measures. Probands were HFE C282Y homozygotes or non-C282Y homozygotes with elevated transferrin saturation (TS > 50%, men; TS > 45%, women) and serum ferritin concentration (SF > 300 microg/L, men; SF > 200 microg/L, women). Heritability (h(2)) was estimated by variance component analysis of TS, natural logarithm (ln) of SF, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC). Participants (N = 942) were 77% Caucasians, 10% Asians, 8% Hispanics, and 5% other race/ethnicities. Average age (SD) was 49 (16) years; 57% were female. For HFE C282Y homozygote probands and their family members, excluding variation due to HFE C282Y and H63D genotype and measured demographic and environmental factors, the residual h(2) (SE) was 0.21 (0.07) for TS, 0.37 (0.08) for ln SF, and 0.34 (0.08) for UIBC (all P < 0.0004 for comparisons with zero). For the non-C282Y homozygote proband group, residual h(2) was significant with a value of 0.64 (0.26) for ln SF (P = 0.0096). In conclusion, serum iron measures have significant heritability components, after excluding known genetic and nongenetic sources of variation.
Physiological Basis of Modern Surgical Care
Authors: R. Dale Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In planning this text, the authors have seen a gap: "the tremendous gap that exists between the fund of information learned in physiology during... medical school and the inability to apply this information to clinical care." In writing the text, they have attempted to narrow this gap. Most surgeons would agree with their analysis and with their commendable efforts to bring basic physiology closer to clinical practice. The textbook<i>Physiological Basis of Modern Surgical Care</i>has nine sections consisting of 67 chapters, discussing the human body as a whole and eight organ systems. If words such as interleukin I and II, lymphokines, natural killer and killer cells, interferon, LAK cells, and prostaglandins have proved confusing, the reader can find help in "Immunity and the Immunocompromised Patient." This chapter neatly summarizes current concepts. It tells us that human B lymphocytes form an impressive army of cells 1 million to 100 million
49 LIFETIME COSTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHRONIC HEPATITIS C FROM THE FRENCH HEALTHCARE PERSPECTIVE (ANRS N°12188)
Authors: M. Schwarzinger, S. Deuffic-Burban, V. Mallet, S. Pol, G.-P. Pageaux, V. Canva-Delcambre, P. Deltenre, F. Roudot-Thoraval, D. Larrey, D. Dhumeaux, P. Mathurin, Y. Yazdanpanah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS.
Authors: M. D. READETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS. Get access M. D. READETT, M.B., M.R.C.P. M. D. READETT, M.B., M.R.C.P. The Royal Infirmary, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 3, 1 March 1961, Pages 107–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14416.x Published: 01 March 1961
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test in the Diagnosis of Pyogenic Arthritis
Authors: RAMESH C. GUPTA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

To aid in the early diagnosis of pyogenic arthritis, the nitroblue tetrazolium test was done on the blood and synovial fluid of patients with culture-proved bacterial arthritis. Increased numbers of nitroblue tetrazolium positive cells were found in the synovial fluid of seven of the eight patients with bacterial joint infections. The nitroblue tetrazolium test done simultaneously in the peripheral blood was less helpful, with only four of seven patients showing positive results. In the control groups of rheumatoid arthritis, crystal-induced arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome and psoriasis, all values were within the normal range. These findings show that the histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium test in synovial fluid is a simple and useful method for the early detection of pyogenic arthritis.
Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Michael S. Simon, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Karen C. Johnson, Andrew Muskovitz, Ikuko Kato, Alicia Young, F. Allan Hubbell, Ross L. Prentice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

During the intervention phase in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial, use of estrogen plus progestin reduced the colorectal cancer diagnosis rate, but the cancers were found at a substantially higher stage. To assess the clinical relevance of the findings, analyses of the influence of combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer mortality were conducted after extended follow-up.The WHI study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who were randomly assigned to daily 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8,506) or matching placebo (n = 8,102). Colorectal cancer diagnosis rates and colorectal cancer mortality were assessed.After a mean of 5.6 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.03 years) of intervention and 11.6 years (SD, 3.1 years) of total follow-up, fewer colorectal cancers were diagnosed in the combined hormone therapy group compared with the placebo group (diagnoses/year, 0.12% v 0.16%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.94; P = .014). Bowel screening examinations were comparable between groups throughout. Cancers in the combined hormone therapy group more commonly had positive lymph nodes (50.5% v 28.6%; P < .001) and were at higher stage (regional or distant, 68.8% v 51.4%; P = .003). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher number of colorectal cancer deaths in the combined hormone therapy group (37 v 27 deaths; 0.04% v 0.03%; HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.78 to 2.11; P = .320).The findings, suggestive of diagnostic delay, do not support a clinically meaningful benefit for combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer.
Iatrogenic hyponatraemia of the newborn due to maternal fluid overload: a prospective study.
Authors: W O Tarnow-Mordi, J C Shaw, D Liu, D A Gardner, F V Flynn
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Over five weeks 136 out of 246 deliveries were studied. Maternal plasma sodium concentrations were normal at admission. At delivery no significant difference was found between maternal and infant cord plasma sodium concentrations. Twenty-four of the 41 mothers who had received only oral fluids during labour had infants whose cord plasma sodium concentrations were normal. Of the 95 mothers who had been given intravenous fluids, however, only 14 infants with normal plasma sodium concentrations, 31 had a concentrations of 130 mmol (mEq)/1 or less and nine of these had a concentration of 125 mmol/1 or less. There was a highly significant inverse relation between cord plasma sodium concentration and rate of fluid administration, suggesting that hyponatraemia was due to intravenous treatment with predominantly sodium-free solutions. Endogenous antidiuretic activity probably increases during labour, and synthetic oxytocin in large doses has been shown to have an antidiuretic effect. The dose used in this study did not appear to have such an effect. Glucose solutions are often used as a vehicle for oxytocin; 83% of all fluid intake in this study was 5% or 10% glucose in water. Fluid balance in labour should be supervised closely, and oxytocin should be given in a more concentrated solution.
TNK-Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christopher P. Cannon, Carolyn H. McCabe, C. Michael Gibson, Magdi Ghali, Rafael F. Sequeira, George R. McKendall, Judy Breed, Nishit B. Modi, Norma Lynn Fox, Russell P. Tracy, Ted W. Love, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background TNK-tissue plasminogen activator (TNK-TPA) is a genetically engineered variant of TPA, which in experimental models has a slower plasma clearance and greater fibrin specificity and is 80-fold more resistant to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 than alteplase TPA. Methods and Results The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10A trial was a Phase 1, dose-ranging pilot trial designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of TNK-TPA in patients with acute myocardial infarction. One hundred thirteen patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 12 hours and without contraindications to thrombolysis were enrolled and treated with a single bolus of TNK-TPA over 5 to 10 seconds with doses ranging from 5 to 50 mg. TNK-TPA demonstrated a plasma clearance of 151±55 mL/min and a half-life of 17±7 minutes. Comparable values for wild-type TPA are 572±132 mL/min and 3.5±1.4 minutes, respectively. Systemic fibrinogen and plasminogen levels fell by only 3% and 13%, respectively, at 1 hour after TNK-TPA administration. TIMI grade 3 flow at 90 minutes was achieved in 57% to 64% of patients at the 30- to 50-mg doses. Seven patients (6.2%) experienced a major hemorrhage, which occurred at a vascular access site in six patients. Conclusions TNK-TPA has a prolonged half-life so it can be administered as a single bolus. TNK-TPA appears to be very fibrin specific, and the initial patency and safety profiles are encouraging. Further study of this new thrombolytic agent is ongoing.
Oral d,lsotalol reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass surgery patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: J.Anthony Gomes, John Ip, Francesco Santoni-Rugiu, Davendra Mehta, Arisan Ergin, Steven Lansman, Elena Pe, Teri Takle Newhouse, Sally Chao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)