tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPECT IMAGING OF I-123 IMP IN DEMENTIA
Authors: M. B. Cohen, L. S. Graham, R. Lake, E. J. Metter, M. K. Kulkarni, A. S. Kling, L. Yamada, J. Fitten
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Tomographic images of the cerebral distribution of N-isopropyl p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) labeled with hi-purity I-123 (p,5n) was obtained in multiple slices parallel to the O-M line in normals (N) and ambulatory patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Multiple Infarct Dementia(MID). Imaging began 15–30 minutes after IV injection of 1 mg IMP labeled with 3–5 mC1 of I-123. Limited angle tomography (LAT) was performed in 14 subjects (N=5, AD=6, MID=3) with a mobile camera (Technicare S420) and a rotating, slant-hole collimator plus a microcomputer (VIP-550) using commercial software. Full angle tomography (FAT) was performed in 9 subjects (N=2, AD=4, MID=3) with a rotating camera (Siemen's: Rota Camera) equipped with a medium energy collimator and a minicomputer (DEC:PDP 11/34A) using software developed by the U of Utrecht, Holland. A symmetrical distribution of IMP with highest uptake in the gray matter was seen in N with both LAT and FAT. Multiple asymmetrical defects involving primarily gray matter were seen with both methods in MID. Patients with advanced AD had decreased uptake of IMP in the parieto-occipital cortex and were easily distinguished from N and MID by LAT. Patients with early AD could not definitely be separated from N by LAT. AD could not be reliabily diagnosed with FAT using a medium energy collimator. LAT with I-123 IMP is useful for the diagnosis of MID and advanced AD. Spatial resolution was better with LAT than with FAT. This appeared to be mainly due to the low count rate (max 1.3 mil. counts) and suboptimal collimation. Recent studies using a low energy I-123 collimator produced improved sensitivity (max 2.7 mil. counts). Multiple parameters must be optimized for adequate resolution and quantitative studies of I-123 IMP with FAT.
Appendicitis: A Criticism.
Authors: J. Henry Barbat
Journal: JAMA (1899)

ABSTRACT San Francisco, Cal., Jan. 5, 1899.To the Editor: —It seems unfortunate to find articles published in an up-to-date medical journal which may lead to serious loss of life by misinforming a number of the younger members of the profession, and giving them a feeling of false security in being able to invariably cope with a disease like appendicitis, by medicinal means alone. I refer to an article in the Medical Record of Dec. 17, 1898, by T. J. Hutton, M.D., of Chicago, entitled A Cheap Cure for Appendicitis, in which the author claims to cure all cases of appendicitis by giving the patient a calomel and bicarbonate of soda purge. I do not like to open up the' old controversy as to whether appendicitis is a surgical disease or not, but I can not let go unchallenged such wild statements as the worthy Doctor makes in the article in question.
Prospective study of the clinical value of determining circulating IgA-alpha 1-antitrypsin complex using a prototype ELISA kit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: K Iwana, S Aotsuka, K Nishioka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To evaluate the clinical value of determining circulating IgA-alpha 1-antitrypsin (IgA-AT) complex in rheumatoid arthritis.The IgA-AT complex was assayed by a prototype ELISA kit using a specific monoclonal antibody against the complex.The median level of serum IgA-AT complex in rheumatoid patients (2.26 AU ml-1) was significantly higher than in osteoarthritis patients (1.37 AU ml-1, P < 0.05) and healthy volunteers (1.03 AU ml-1, P < 0.001). The concentration of IgA-AT complex in rheumatoid arthritis patients at baseline was correlated with the number of painful joints (P < 0.05), number of swollen joints (P < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.05), and modified Lansbury index (P < 0.01). The median serum level of IgA-AT complex in rheumatoid patients at baseline was higher than that at three months (P < 0.01), six months (P < 0.01), and 12 months (P < 0.01) after the start of treatment. The difference and ratio of IgA-AT complex levels before and after treatment were significantly associated with radiographic progression.The findings validate the usefulness of determining IgA-AT complex using ELISA in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Australia has considerable experience of transporting critically ill patients
Authors: P J Shirley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Having just returned from a medical retrieval post in New South Wales, Australia, I was interested in Wallace and Ridley's article on the transport of critically ill patients.1 New South Wales is roughly 3.5 times as large as the United Kingdom, and patients are transported between intensive care units by land ambulance in the metropolitan areas, by helicopter for journeys of <400 km, and by fixed wing aircraft for journeys of ≥400 km. I have experienced …
Relation between Airways Obstruction and CO2 Tension in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: D. J. Lane, J. B. L. Howell, B. Giblin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The relationship between the F.E.V.(1) as an index of airways obstruction and Pco(2) as an index of hypoventilation was investigated in 13 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Patients who had a normal Pco(2) despite severe airways obstruction retained relatively normal sensitivity to CO(2) as assessed by their "inspiratory mechanical work rate" response to CO(2). Others showed a raised Pco(2) in the presence of lesser degrees of airways obstruction and had reduced sensitivity to CO(2).
Rebooting the bootstrap argument: Two puzzles for bootstrap theories of concept development
Authors: Lance J. Rips, Susan J. Hespos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The Origin of Concepts sets out an impressive defense of the view that children construct entirely new systems of concepts. We offer here two questions about this theory. First, why doesn't the bootstrapping process provide a pattern for translating between the old and new systems, contradicting their claimed incommensurability? Second, can the bootstrapping process properly distinguish meaning change from belief change?
A Call About Erythropoietin: Conflict of Interest or Investment Opportunity?-Reply
Authors: Frank Powers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I'm sorry if there was any misunderstanding about the nature of the call my colleague made to Dr Morris. The call was intended specifically to discuss investment opportunities in the biotechnology industry. Our equity research analysts who follow the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are among the most highly regarded in the securities industry. Shearson believes that there are many companies that represent attractive investment opportunities in these areas, particularly those distributing erythropoietin. Shearson Lehman Hutton is not aware of any restrictions that preclude physicians from investing in pharmaceutical companies while they prescribe those companies' products.
P4-09-20: Expression Profile of Interleukin 17B and the Receptor IL-17BR in Clinical Breast Cancer.
Authors: AJ Sanders, RE Mansel, MD Mason, WG Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Interleukin 17B (IL-17B) is a member of the interleukin 17 cytokine family. Members of this family have been implicated in conditions such as autoimmune diseases and the inflammatory response. A number of studies have examined the role of IL17A in cancer progression and angiogenesis and shown a variety of functions, both pro- and anti- tumorigenic. Currently there is little data on IL-17B and the receptor IL-17BR and their involvement in cancer progression. The current study looks at the expression profile of IL-17B and IL-17BR in a clinical breast cancer cohort. Methods: The expression profile of IL-17B and IL-17BR was examined in a cohort of human normal breast and breast cancer specimens (normal, n = 34; tumour, n = 109). IL-17B and IL-17BR transcript expression in the samples was analysed using Q-PCR and compared to clinical and pathological data. Results: Both IL-17B and IL-17BR expression seemed to correlate with NPI staging. IL-17B levels were low in patients with NPI-1 or -2 cancers (median values 3.1 and 1.1 respectively), with highest levels of IL-17B being observed in the poorer prognosis NPI-3 group (median value 206.9; p = 0.07 NPI-1 vs NPI-3 and p = 0.01 NPI-3 vs NPI-2). Similar to this IL17B levels in TNM stage 1 cancers were significantly lower than those in higher TNM stages (TNM1 median value = 0.3 vs grouped TNM234 median value 10.3, p = 0.03). IL-17BR expression also tended to increase with NPI staging (IL-17BR median expression, NPI-1 = 0.0, NPI-2 = 0.04 and NPI-3 = 1.59; NPI-1 vs NPI-3 p = 0.07). Additionally, levels of IL-17BR were found to be significantly lower in background tissue compared to cancer tissue (median values 0.00 vs 0.01 respectively, p = 0.014). Conclusion: IL-17BR expression seems to be higher in tumour tissue compared to normal background tissue. Additionally, expression of IL-17B and IL-17BR both appear to be associated with higher NPI stage, particularly in the poor prognostic NPI-3 group. Expression of IL-17B seems to be elevated collectively in TNM stage 2, 3 and 4 compared to the better prognostic TNM1 stage. Together the data suggests that IL-17B and IL-17BR expression may be useful molecules to identify poorer prognostic breast cancers in patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-20.
Abortion in the USA and the UK
Authors: James Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One variety of child abuse namechecked in the British media right now is Munchausen's syndrome by proxy (MBP): the infliction of suffering, symptoms, and signs upon a child by its "carer," facilitating some need that the latter may have to interact with doctors.Children may be maimed and murdered by their kith and kin, and all in the pursuit of medical interventions.Raised in Ohio, in the American Midwest, Julie Gregory survived such an upbringing as the proxy for her mother, a truly damaged woman, who put her daughter through the mill."The nurse at my feet says, 'Now this might be a little stick, Julie.We've got to get this plastic tube into the urethra 'cause Mom says you can't go.' "My heart is pounding; what's urethra?What is she doing down there?I open my mouth to ask, but a startled scream rips out instead."Later, her mother will elicit the same ordeal for Julie's brother: "I heard him scream and whimper clear down the hall into the waiting room.Nobody had to tell me what was happening.He was getting a tube shoved into his urethra . .."This traipsing between credulous doctors (their notes are reproduced in the text) occurs beneath the lurking shadow of the American Gothic summoned up by Gregory: a place where fat fathers lounge in trailers, shouting for food that they may eat off their bloated bellies, while women who poison children coerce them into saying that they see Jesus, and men "do things" to children in bushes, while other adults "turn a blind eye."The book is compelling, not only because one wishes to see how the author will survive into adulthood, but also because the language is so often beautiful: "But the memories that hang heaviest are the easiest to recall.They hold in their creases the ability to change one's life, organically, forever.Even when you shake them out, they've left permanent wrinkles in the fabric of your soul."Of course, there is no easy escape.For the one who leaves such a home must worry over those who are left: younger siblings, children fostered, the vulnerable.Gregory conveys the sheer emptiness of carrying on alone, away from a place that is necessarily associated with suffering: "The more I acclimate to the normal world, the more and more surreal and unbelievable the world I came from seems."Eventually, she will find some release through learning of her condition, through reading works of literature, and by facing down her mother in full flight.The invocation of her inner voice may inspire the reader to stop and think: "Hey, you, with the frontal lobe, turn off the TV, stop the noise, and consider this deeply."
Depersonalization and Self-Destruction
Authors: HERBERT WALTZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Depersonalization in conjunction with self-destructive behavior is more common than generally realized. Suicide attempts are often carried out while the individual is in a depersonalized state. As a result of ego-splitting there is partial withdrawal from both the external and intrapsychic worlds. The individual views the self-destructive act as though it was being carried out by another person.
Acute Febrile Cerebrovasculitis
Authors: DANIEL B. FISHBEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1986Acute Febrile CerebrovasculitisDANIEL B. FISHBEIN, M.D., JOSEPH E. MCDADE, Ph.D.DANIEL B. FISHBEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH E. MCDADE, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-802 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since publication of the article by Wenzel and colleagues (1), the Centers for Disease Control has received several inquiries regarding patients with illnesses similar to that described in the article. We attempted to discern which epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of the five cases reported by Wenzel and colleagues could be used to distinguish new cases of acute febrile cerebrovasculitis from those of encephalitis or vasculitis of other causes and which of these features also could support a rickettsial cause.The common epidemiologic features of the five patients—exposures to firewood, forests, and flea-infested pet dogs—are likely...References1. WENZELHAYDENGROSCHEL RFD. Acute febrile cerebrovasculitis: a syndrome of unknown, perhaps rickettsial, cause. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:606-15. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HO M. Acute viral encephalitis. In: VINKEN PJ, BRUYN GW, eds. Infections of the Nervous System: Part 2. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co. ; 1978:65. Google Scholar3. WILFERTMACCORMICKKLEEMAN CJK. The prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii in an area endemic for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. J Infect Dis. 1985;151:823-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HECHEMYMICHAELSONANACKER KER. Evaluation of latex-Rickettsia rickettsii test for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in 11 laboratories. J Clin Microbiol. 1983;18:938-46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByImmunoblot studies to analyze antibody to the Rickettsia typhi group antigen in sera from patients with acute febrile cerebrovasculitisAcute Febrile CerebrovasculitisGEORGE T. HARRELL, M.D. 1 November 1986Volume 105, Issue 5Page: 802-803KeywordsClinical epidemiologyClinical laboratoriesEncephalitisEpidemiologyVasculitis Issue Published: 1 November 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Raakel Luoto, Olli Ruuskanen, Matti Waris, Marko Kalliomäki, Seppo Salminen, Erika Isolauri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)

Simple and safe strategies for the prevention of viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are needed.We hypothesized that early prebiotic or probiotic supplementation would reduce the risk of virus-associated RTIs during the first year of life in a cohort of preterm infants.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00167700), 94 preterm infants (gestational age, ≥32 + 0 and ≤36 + 6 weeks; birth weight, >1500 g) treated at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, were allocated to receive oral prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharide and polydextrose mixture, 1:1), a probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53103), or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) between days 3 and 60 of life. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically defined virus-associated RTI episodes confirmed from nasal swabs by using nucleic acid testing. Secondary outcomes were the severity and duration of RTIs.A significantly lower incidence of RTIs was detected in infants receiving prebiotics (rate ratio [RR], 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.49; P < .001) or probiotics (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.90; P = .022) compared with those receiving placebo. Also, the incidence of rhinovirus-induced episodes, which comprised 80% of all RTI episodes, was found to be significantly lower in the prebiotic (RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.66; P = .003) and probiotic (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24-1.00; P = .051) groups compared with the placebo group. No differences emerged among the study groups in rhinovirus RNA load during infections, duration of rhinovirus RNA shedding, duration or severity of rhinovirus infections, or occurrence of rhinovirus RNA in asymptomatic infants.Gut microbiota modification with specific prebiotics and probiotics might offer a novel and cost-effective means to reduce the risk of rhinovirus infections.
Proteolytic activity of Mycoplasma arthritidis.
Authors: J W Czekalowski, D A Hall, P Woolcock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

DR. BERRY This is a very small series but there was a very nice correlation with the degree of lymphocyte infiltration which might tie in with the idea that it is in fact showing a cellular immune mechanism.DR.P. FOWLER (Macclesfield) A very few rheumatoid patients develop parotid gland enlargement when treated with Pyrazoles.It is interesting to speculate that these patients might be the ones in your rheumatoid group with sensitivity to parotid antigen, but have never produced any clinical signs of this until they have been treated with this group of drugs.It would be very interesting if you could look into this.DR. BERRY I should be very interested in doing some- thing along these lines.
Death of the teaching autopsy: Hospital and coroners' postmortem examinations are different, not least in payment
Authors: J. C Alcolado
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Like Underwood, I, too, lament the demise of the postmortem examination.1 He points out that 90% of postmortem examinations in British hospitals are now coroners' cases. However, neither he nor O'Grady mentions that a significant financial incentive exists for many pathologists to perform …
Discharge from the ear: chronic suppurative otitis media.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

There are two types of chronic suppurative otitis media.Both present with conductive deafness and discharge without pain.In both discharge issues through a perforated drum; but one is safe and the other unsafe.In the safe variety (tubotympanic or mucosal chronic otitis media) there is no risk of intracranial life-threatening complications.Disease affects the mucosa of the lower anterior part of the middle ear.By contrast, the unsafe variety (atticoantral) threatens meningitis, brain abscess, and other serious complications.The disease erodes the bone and cholesteatoma and chronic osteitis develop in the atticoantral region.The perforation in the safe type is central: no matter how large, there is always a rim of drum or its annulus around the edge.In contrast, the perforation in the unsafe variety extends to the very bony edge of the drum, where chronic necrosis of the bone is often associated with the production of granulation tissue.This marginal perforation is usually posterior or in the attic.Discharge in the safe variety comes from the inflamed and secreting mucosa of the middle ear, and is mucoid.It may be intermittent, with activity provoked by water and by blockage of the Eustachian tube.In the unsafe variety the discharge is often scanty and foul smelling and there are no periods of quiescence.This discharge usually comes from the infected debris accumulating within a cholesteatoma sac.Cholesteatoma is simply
Local formularies and good patient care.
Authors: P Turner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

between hospital visits.If any side effects occur the patient should promptly be referred back to the rheumatologist.The specific indications for referral may thus be summarised as the three D's: disease decline; deformity; and disability (with diminishing function).Actors get despondent when after interview they hear the familiar words, "Don't call us, we'll call you."Many patients with chronic arthritis feel the same.But much can be done for them, even in the absence of specific cures for most arthropathies.Thus the general practitioner should have a low threshold for referring his or her patients to a specialised unit.
QUANTITATIVE 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE CAN IDENTIFY RISK OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE SURGERY
Authors: Amy French, Michael Kiernan, David DeNofrio, Duc Thinh Pham, Navin Kapur, Natesa Pandian, Ayan Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
MONOCYTOSIS AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ACCELERATES ATHEROSCLEROSIS: RESULTS OF A FIVE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Keiko Takano, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masaaki Konishi, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Toshiaki Ebina, Masami Kosuge, Yoshio Tahara, Kengo Tsukahara, Mitsuaki Endo, Noriaki Iwahashi, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kenichirou Saka, Kozo Okada, Eiichi Akiyama, Masaomi Gobara, Zenkou Nagashima, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kazuo Kimura, Satoshi Umemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CXCL16 Is a Marker of Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Acute Coronary Syndromes in Humans
Authors: Michael Lehrke, Segan C. Millington, Martina Lefterova, Reshmaal Gomes Cumaranatunge, Philippe Szapary, Robert Wilensky, Daniel J. Rader, Mitchell A. Lazar, Muredach P. Reilly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Recent advances in clinical practice challenges and opportunities in the management of obesity
Authors: Andres Acosta, Barham K Abu Dayyeh, John D Port, Michael Camilleri
Journal: Gut (2014)

Despite advances in understanding the roles of adiposity, food intake, GI and adipocyte-related hormones, inflammatory mediators, the gut–brain axis and the hypothalamic nervous system in the pathophysiology of obesity, the effects of different therapeutic interventions on those pathophysiological mechanisms are controversial. There are still no low-cost, safe, effective treatments for obesity and its complications. Currently, bariatric surgical approaches targeting the GI tract are more effective than non-surgical approaches in inducing weight reduction and resolving obesity-related comorbidities. However, current guidelines emphasise non-surgical approaches through lifestyle modification and medications to achieve slow weight loss, which is not usually sustained and may be associated with medication-related side effects. This review analyses current central, peripheral or hormonal targets to treat obesity and addresses challenges and opportunities to develop novel approaches for obesity.