tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary Arterioarterial Fistulae After Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Claus A. Pierach, Eugenio S. Siruno, Nathan K. Jensen
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a woman with typical angina pectoris and angiographic evidence of marked reduction of coronary flow, both internal mammary arteries were implanted into the myocardium. Angiography 19 and 24 months later showed fistulous communications between the right internal mammary, the left coronary, and the left pulmonary arteries, indicating the possibility of a coronary steal syndrome. Dense adhesions traversed by numerous small arteriolized vessels between the lingula of the left lung and the anteriolateral surface of the left ventricle were subsequently divided. Her anginal pain subsided. No similar case has been found in the literature.
On the Treatment of Purulent Opthalmia with Forcible Injections under the Eyelids
Authors: M. J. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1842)

by several hours-sufficiently authorize me, I con- ceive, in dividing the subject of amaurosis from debility into three distinct forms-the first dependent on dlepression of the general nervous system ; the second on a deficient supply of vitalised or arterial blood; and thirdly, those cases which follow severe illniesses, in which both the nervous and vascular systems are concerned. 15,Southampton-street, Covent Garden.April 28, 1812.
THE STUDY OF THE FEVERS OF THE SOUTH.
Authors: WILLIAM OSLER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Humanity has but three great enemies: Fever, famine and war; of these by far the greatest, by far the most terrible, is fever. Gad, the seer of David, estimated aright the relative intensity of these afflictions when he made three days' pestilence the equivalent of three months' flight before the enemy, and of three (seven) years of famine. As far back as history will carry us, in ancient Greece, in ancient Rome, throughout the middle ages, down to our own day, the noisome pestilence, in whatsoever form it assumed, has been dreaded justly as the greatest of evils. It is worthy of comment that three of the greatest benefits conferred on mankind—beside which it would be hard to name three of equal importance—have been in connection with the fevers: The introduction of cinchona, the discovery of vaccination and the announcement of the principle of asepsis. Too great a boon for
Identification of Hibernating Myocardium: Comparative Accuracy of Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography, Rest-Redistribution Thallium-201 Tomography and Dobutamine Echocardiography
Authors: Sherif F Nagueh, Periyanan Vaduganathan, Nadir Ali, Alvin Blaustein, Mario S Verani, William L Winters, William A Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Visualization of One's Own Cataract
Authors: James R. Delp
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  A 56-year-old physician, Donald R. Thomas, was able to see the opacities of his cataracts when he illuminated his eye at  distance of 15 to 20 cm from the oculars of  microscope while under high power. Several ophthalmologists did not explain this phenomenon.  Its explanation is to be found in  rule of optics that states, a ray of light that passes through the center of an optical system does not undergo refraction; i.e., the light ray does not change course but emerges in the same direction it entered. A central (axial) ray of illuminating light, as in Dr Thomas' case, qualifies for this effect.  In this case, the illumination is essentially an axial ray of light that cannot be refracted (bent) by the optical system of the eye. Thus, any opacity within the pupil of the eye will simply cast its image as
Abstract 1375: Epigenetic changes associated with resistance to sunitinib in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma models
Authors: REMI ADELAIYE, Kiersten Marie Miles, Eric Ciamporcero, Dylan Conroy, Swathi Ramakrishnan, Ashley Orillion, Sheng Y. Ku, May Elbanna, Li shen, Sreenivasulu Chintala, Roberto Pili
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Sunitinib is first-line therapy for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Despite the clinical efficacy of sunitinib, in the majority of patients the disease eventually develops resistance and progresses. Epigenetic modifications of histone protein in chromatins have been shown to play a role in the regulation of gene transcription patterns in cells primarily by the catalytic activity of histone methyltransferase. EZH2 has been shown to contribute to tumor angiogenesis by inactivating anti-angiogenic factors via methylation at their promoter region. In this study, we examined epigenetic changes that may be associated with response and the resistant phenotype. Methods: Human ccRCC xenograft models RP-01 (isolated from a skin metastasis in a patient with sporadic ccRCC) and RP-02 (isolated from a skin metastasis in a patient with hereditary ccRCC) were implanted (∼1mm pieces) subcutaneously into SCID mice and were randomly assigned into two groups (sunitinib and vehicle). Mice were treated 5 days/week with sunitinib at 40mg/kg. Tumor volumes and body weights were assessed weekly by caliper measurements and weigh scale, respectively. Tumor tissues and blood were collected prior treatments and when tumors became resistant to treatment. Tissues collected were used for immunohistochemistry studies and RNA analysis. Results: Our results showed that RP-01 and RP-02 tumors, although initially responsive to treatment at 40 mg/kg, eventually became resistant to treatment. Immunohistochemistry analysis of RP-01 tumor samples indicated tumors to be hypo-vasculature when responding to sunitinib, but then became hyper-vascularized at point of resistance by CD31 staining. Analysis also revealed an associated increase in the expression of the methyltransferase EZH2 when tumors became resistant to sunitinib. However, there was no change in the expression levels of its EZH2 associated histone make H3K27me3. In addition, we noticed an increase in the levels of H3k9me2 and H3k4me2 in tumors resistant to sunitinib as compared to controls. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest the potential role of epigenetic changes that that may be associated with sunitinib-induced resistance in ccRCC Citation Format: REMI ADELAIYE, Kiersten Marie Miles, Eric Ciamporcero, Dylan Conroy, Swathi Ramakrishnan, Ashley Orillion, Sheng Yu Ku, May Elbanna, Li shen, Sreenivasulu Chintala, Roberto Pili. Epigenetic changes associated with resistance to sunitinib in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1375
Lumbar Supports to Prevent Recurrent Low Back Pain among Home Care Workers
Authors: Pepijn D.D.M. Roelofs, Sita M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Mireille N.M. van Poppel, Petra Jellema, Sten P. Willemsen, Maurits W. van Tulder, Willem van Mechelen, Bart W. Koes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

People use lumbar supports to prevent low back pain. Secondary analyses from primary preventive studies suggest benefit among workers with previous low back pain, but definitive studies on the effectiveness of supports for the secondary prevention of low back pain are lacking.To determine the effectiveness of lumbar supports in the secondary prevention of low back pain.Randomized, controlled trial.Home care organization in the Netherlands.360 home care workers with self-reported history of low back pain.Short course on healthy working methods, with or without patient-directed use of 1 of 4 types of lumbar support.Primary outcomes were the number of days of low back pain and sick leave over 12 months. Secondary outcomes were the average severity of low back pain and function (Quebec Back Pain Disability scale) in the previous week.Over 12 months, participants in the lumbar support group reported an average of -52.7 days (CI, -59.6 to -45.1 days) fewer days with low back pain than participants who received only the short course. However, the total sick days in the lumbar support group did not decrease (-5 days [CI, -21.1 to 6.8 days]). Small but statistically significant differences in pain intensity and function favored lumbar support.Study participants were unblinded, and a substantial amount of missing data required imputation. Objective data on sick days due to low back pain were not available.Adding patient-directed use of lumbar supports to a short course on healthy working methods may reduce the number of days when low back pain occurs, but not overall work absenteeism, among home care workers with previous low back pain. Further study of lumbar supports is warranted.
Human leukocyte antigens A23, A24, and A32 but not A25 are ligands for KIR3DL1
Authors: Martin Stern, Loredana Ruggeri, Marusca Capanni, Antonella Mancusi, Andrea Velardi
Journal: Blood (2008)

Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR) bind to major histocompatibility complex antigens. Concise knowledge of KIR ligands allows prediction of natural killer (NK)-cell alloreactivity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. KIR3DL1 binds to the Bw4 epitope on HLA-B antigens. Although the same epitope is also found on 4 HLA-A antigens (HLA-A23/24/25/32), these are not currently regarded as KIR3DL1 ligands. We show that expression of HLA A*2301, A*2402, or A*3201 but not HLA A*2501 protects target cells from lysis by KIR3DL1(+) NK cells. KIR3DL1(+) NK cells from donors expressing the Bw4 epitope on an HLA-A antigen only are fully functional and capable of lysing Bw4(-) target cells. HLA A25 differs at amino acid 90, close to the serologic Bw4 epitope, from A23/24/32 and from Bw4(+) HLA-B antigens. These data suggest that HLA-A antigens should be taken into consideration when assessing the potential for NK alloreactivity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
GOOBERPHAGIA AND ANEMIA
Authors: WILLIAM O'BRIEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 January 1969GOOBERPHAGIA AND ANEMIAWILLIAM O'BRIEN, M.D., ROY M. ARKINWILLIAM O'BRIEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROY M. ARKINSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-1-232_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In reference to the article by Reynolds and associates, "Pagophagia and Iron Deficiency Anemia," (Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 435, 1968), we recently treated a 74-year-old lady in congestive heart failure whose laboratory values included the following: hematocrit of 17%; hemoglobin, 4.2 g/100 ml; serum iron, 35 µg/100 ml; total iron-binding capacity, 720 µg/100 ml.In addition, this patient confided that in the 2 weeks before admission she had had an insatiable appetite for peanuts (salted or unsalted). After several transfusions and massive iron therapy this particular symptom abated.We are curious as to whether this manifestation, which... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Metropolitan Hospital Center New York Medical College New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPica, iron deficiency, and the medical historyGeomelophagia. An unusual pica in iron-deficiency anemiaPobough Lang in Senegal 1 January 1969Volume 70, Issue 1Page: 232-232KeywordsHeart failureHematocritHemoglobinIron deficiency anemiaResearch laboratoriesTotal iron binding capacity Issue Published: 1 January 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY AS A LIBERAL PROFESSION.
Authors: F. E. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Pharmacy is a branch of medical science and practice. It belongs to that part of medical science formerly known as pharmacology, or the science of drugs. Unfortunately the term pharmacology has been used in a restricted sense, being applied more particularly to experimental vivisection of animals for determining the physiologic effects of drugs. The word pharmacodynamics more properly describes that branch of medical science. Gould defines pharmacology as "A treatise on the nature and properties of substances used as medicines, or those employed in their preparation," and according to the same authority, pharmacodynamics is "The science of the powers and effects of medicines." H. C. Wood, in the introduction to his classic work on materia medica and therapeutics, clearly defines the meaning of terms used in this connection by saying, "Although pharmacy, or the science of preparing medicine, is entirely distinct from therapeutics, or the science of the application of
Observations Concerning the Metabolism of Cholesterol in the Hypo- and Hyperthyroid Rat
Authors: RAY H. ROSENMAN, MEYER FRIEDMAN, SANFORD O. BYERS, Eichi Shibata
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The administration of thiouracil induced a rise and administration of thyroid substance a decrease of the plasma cholesterol concentration in rats. The concentration and daily output of bile cholesterol was markedly reduced in hypothyroid rats and markedly increased in hyperthyroid rats. Evidence is presented which suggests that the rate of synthesis of cholesterol is significantly increased in the hyperthyroid rat and decreased in the hypothyroid rat.
Sinusoidal endothelium release of hydrogen peroxide enhances very late antigen-4-mediated melanoma cell adherence and tumor cytotoxicity during interleukin-1 promotion of hepatic melanoma metastasis in mice
Authors: M J Anasagasti, A Alvarez, J J Martin, L Mendoza, F Vidal-Vanaclocha
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSE) releases large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to endotoxins and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Such pro-inflammatory mediators have been shown to promote hepatic metastasis. We have investigated the involvement of ROS released by IL-1-stimulated HSE in this promoting effect. Recombinant human interleukin-1β (rHuIL-1β) (5 μg/kg) was intravenously injected into C57BL/6J mice, and the hepatic metastasizing ability of B16 melanoma cells following intrasplenic injection was studied in the presence of ROS scavengers. rHuIL-1β-promoted hepatic metastases were significantly ( P &lt; .01) reduced by catalase (1 mg/kg) and enhanced by recombinant human superoxide dismutase (rHuSOD) (5 mg/kg). rHuIL-1β-stimulated HSE-conditioned medium (HSE-CM) significantly ( P &lt; .01) enhanced B16 melanoma cell adhesion to HSE compared with unstimulated HSE-CM, which in turn also significantly ( P &lt; .01) increased with melanoma cell adherence compared with basal medium. The addition of catalase completely abrogated proadhesive effects induced by rHuIL-1β-stimulated HSE-CM with respect to unstimulated HSE-CM, but did not affect the proadhesive effects induced by unstimulated HSE-CM over basal medium. The rat monoclonal antibody to mouse vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) significantly ( P &lt; .01) inhibited the enhanced melanoma cell adherence effects of both unstimulated and rHuIL-1β-stimulated HSE-CM, indicating that adherence was very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)-mediated. Not surprisingly, the percentage of VLA-4 expressing B16 melanoma cells significantly ( P &lt; .05) increased in response to unstimulated (21% of controls) and rHuIL-1β-stimulated (32% of controls) HSE-CM. Catalase addition abrogated these effects of rHuIL-1β-stimulated-HSE-CM. Melanoma cell damage was observed from the second hour of adhesion to HSE and significantly ( P &lt; .01) increased when the cells adhered to rHuIL-1β-stimulated HSE. This increase was abrogated by catalase. Cytolysis of the HSE was not observed during melanoma cell adhesion. Neither was the enhancement of B16 melanoma hydrogen peroxide production observed in response to rHuIL-1β. Thus, the effects of IL-1 in the liver may consist of a balance between the prometastatic effect of enhanced adherence to the HSE and the antimetastatic effect of H 2 O 2 -mediated cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the enhancement of H 2 O 2 production by the rHuIL-1β-stimulated HSE may contribute to the hepatic metastasis progression of ROS-resistant melanoma cells. Results in vitro indicate that this progression is associated with a H 2 O 2 -mediated increase in melanoma cell adhesion to HSE.
Screening for diabetes
Authors: M. Davies, J. Day
Journal: BMJ (1994)

We report an unusual complication after thrombo- lysis was given to a patient in whom the diagnosis was wrong.A 34 year old man was transferred from a district hospital to our invasive care unit because of haemodynamic instability after thrombolytic treat- ment for acute myocardial infarction.Acute myocardial infarction had been diagnosed on the basis of 1 mm horizontal elevation of the ST segment in leads II and III and AVF and decreased pain after sublingual nitrates.On arrival in the intensive care unit the patient was complaining of epigastric and left upper abdominal pain that radiated to his shoulder.He was pale and sweating, with blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg and pulse rate 130/min.The lungs were clear, and, except for the tachycardia, an examination of the heart yielded normal findings.Curiously, deep abdominal palpation was asso- ciated with moderate pain in the left upper abdomen.An electrocardiogram showed a sinus tachycardia of 120 beats/min.The patient was given intravenous morphine, and his pain disappeared almost completely.Results of laboratory tests showed that the haemoglobin concentration had fallen to 8-4 g/l.Simultaneously, the patient went into shock.Transfusions and generous fluid treatment were started.Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen showed splenic laceration and a large haemoperitoneum.As his coagulation status was incompatible with an immediate operation the patient was given fresh frozen plasma and fibrinogen.Two hours later splenectomy was performed under general anaes- thesia.The operation was uneventful, and the patient left hospital a week later.On close questioning he remembered having fallen while skiing four days before admission.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, clotting disorders and muscular dystrophy.
Authors: P Bertin, R Treves, A Julia, S Gaillard, R Desproges-Gotteron
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome includes 11 distinct entities. The diversity of this collagen dysplasia and its combination with other abnormalities make it difficult to understand physiopathologically. A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is reported, which is novel owing to its combination with clotting abnormalities and especially with muscular dystrophy. To our knowledge this has not previously been reported. The patient was a young man aged 16 years who presented with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome satisfying Perelman9s diagnostic criteria. His father and two brothers had comparable clinical symptoms, but his mother and sister were healthy. The four male subjects had an increased cephalin-kaolin time, reduced levels of factor VIII and Willebrand9s factor (but without haemophilia A or Willebrand9s disease), and, especially, an abnormal platelet ATP secretion. The proband alone had muscular disease with bilateral quadriceps fatigability and amyotrophy. The muscle enzyme levels were greatly increased, the electromyographic trace was myogenic, and the biopsy showed severe muscular dystrophy. This new observation poses the problem of the relation between clotting abnormalities and collagen abnormalities in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. It is difficult to classify this case within any of the 11 known types because of its muscular manifestations. It may perhaps be a fortuitous combination or an extension of the nosological framework of this syndrome.
Effects of xanthine amine congener on hypoxic coronary resistance and venous and epicardial adenosine concentrations
Authors: D. R Sawmiller, J. Linden, R. M Berne
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to define the contributions of interstitial and vascular adenosine in regulating coronary vascular resistance during hypoxia. To help in the assessment of adenosine in the vasodilator response, a potent adenosine receptor antagonist, xanthine amine congener (XAC), was used to block adenosine receptors. Methods: Seven isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused at constant flow with Krebs buffer. Coronary vascular resistance was determined during normoxia (95% O2) and mild hypoxia (60% O2) in the absence or presence of 200 or 400 nM XAC. Interstitial fluid was sampled by the epicardial disc technique and the interstitial concentration of XAC (ISF[XAC]) was determined directly by a radioreceptor assay or as tritiated XAC. Venous and epicardial concentrations of adenosine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. In six additional experiments, the vasodilator effect of 1 μM intracoronary adenosine was measured in the absence or presence of 100 or 200 nM XAC. Results: Mild hypoxia decreased coronary resistance by 37(SEM 4)% in the absence of XAC and 26(5)% or 17(4)% in the presence of 200 or 400 nM XAC, respectively. ISF[XAC] rapidly equilibrated with [XAC] in the arterial perfusate or venous effluent. XAC 400 nM markedly increased (p<0.05) the hypoxic levels of venous and epicardial fluid adenosine from 49(19) and 251(42) nM to 75(11) and 495(48) nM, respectively. XAC 100-200 nM almost completely prevented the vasodilatation induced by 1 μM intracoronary adenosine. Conclusions: Adenosine mediates at least 54% of hypoxic vasodilatation. XAC rapidly equilibrates within the myocardial interstitial space and, as a result of blocking adenosine receptors, increases interstitial and venous adenosine concentrations. Increases in interstitial adenosine may partially overcome the adenosine receptor blockade by XAC, thereby reducing the effectiveness of XAC in attenuating the hypoxic vasodilatation. XAC attenuates intracoronary adenosine induced vasodilatation (mediated by endothelial adenosine receptors) much more effectively than it attenuates hypoxic vasodilatation, underscoring the minimal role played by the endothelial receptors in hypoxic vasodilatation. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:604-609
Legislating Drug Prescribing Practices-Reply
Authors: Ronald I. Shorr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —The primary objective of our study was to determine whether OBRA-87 influenced antipsychotic and other psychotropic drug use in nursing homes. The relationship between staffing and other home variables on the degree of antipsychotic reduction in individual nursing homes is interesting and plausible, but requires verification by others before definitive conclusions can be drawn.  We agree with Dr Venable that resident (and staff) outcomes would best determine the appropriateness of the reductions in antipsychotic drug use during implementation of OBRA-87. Unfortunately, Health Care Financing Administration regulations did not include provisions for concurrently evaluating the antipsychotic drug use guidelines (or other aspects) of OBRA-87. However, several lines of evidence suggest that decreases in antipsychotic drug use were not associated with adverse behavioral outcomes. First, OBRA-87 explicitly allows the use of antipsychotic drugs for treatment of behavioral disturbances that interfere with the provision of care. Thus, one would not observe