tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BMA wants licensing of cannabis to be changed
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The BMA has called for a change in the licensing of certain cannabinoids to enable properly controlled trials of these agents in a range of conditions.

Earlier this year the association's annual representative meeting resolved that certain cannabinoids should be legalised for wider medicinal use. The report Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis develops this policy by describing the scientific evidence for wider medicinal use of cannabinoids—a family of compounds which constitute the active ingredients of cannabis—and defining future research needs.

The report points out that accumulation of scientific evidence on …
B cell follicle sanctuary permits persistent productive simian immunodeficiency virus infection in elite controllers
Authors: Yoshinori Fukazawa, Richard Lum, Afam A Okoye, Haesun Park, Kenta Matsuda, Jin Young Bae, Shoko I Hagen, Rebecca Shoemaker, Claire Deleage, Carissa Lucero, David Morcock, Tonya Swanson, Alfred W Legasse, Michael K Axthelm, Joseph Hesselgesser, Romas Geleziunas, Vanessa M Hirsch, Paul T Edlefsen, Michael Piatak, Jacob D Estes, Jeffrey D Lifson, Louis J Picker
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Spontaneous Rupture of the Stomach
Authors: Aaron M. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

SPONTANEOUS rupture of the stomach is a catastrophic entity. In none of the 45 cases hitherto reported was the diagnosis made prior to surgery or autopsy.<sup>1,2</sup>Since this condition was not thought of as a diagnostic possibility, apparently few physicians are aware of it. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old white woman was admitted to Montefiore Hospital complaining of generalized abdominal pain. Two hours prior to admission, while eating a large dinner, she noted abdominal discomfort. She took several effervescent antacid tablets dissolved in water, her abdomen became acutely distended, and she vomited repeatedly. She was known to have diverticulosis and had been on a self-imposed, low-calorie, low-residue diet for several weeks. Upon admission she was in acute distress with cold moist skin and a cyanotic appearance. The abdomen was distended, tympanitic, and rigid. Her blood pressure was 80/0 mm Hg; pulse rate, 130 beats per minute; and central-venous
Spatial distribution and cluster analysis of a leishmaniasis outbreak in the south-western Madrid region, Spain, September 2009 to April 2013
Authors: D Gomez-Barroso, Z Herrador, J V San Martín, A Gherasim, M Aguado, A Romero-Maté, L Molina, P Aparicio, A Benito
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
A Salaried Service?
Authors: L. McAskie
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Background</h3> Telemonitoring is an alternative to in-person appointments and overcomes geographic distance barriers. <h3>Objective</h3> The primary objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to post-molar follow-up using both WhatsApp and in-person appointments compared with standard care. The secondary objective was to evaluate the rate of completion of post-molar follow-up of complete moles, considering 6 and 3 months of duration. <h3>Methods</h3> This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Center, São Paulo Hospital. Patients with complete or partial mole treatment between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were included in two groups: group 1 (patients from 2009 to 2013) and group 2 (from 2014 to 2018), before and after telemonitoring implementation, respectively. Complete follow-up was considered if after the first normal human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level (&lt;5 mIU/mL), the patient was followed up for an additional 30 days (partial mole) or 180 days (complete mole). Loss to post-molar follow-up with positive hCG was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Χ<sup>2</sup> test, 5% significance level (p=0.05), and R version 4.0.2. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 308 patients were included in the study, 92 of them were assessed in group 1 and 216 patients in group 2. There was no difference between the rates of complete follow-up after telemonitoring implementation (complete mole: 42/72=58.3% group 1 vs 85/163=52.1% group 2; p=0.38; partial mole: 16/20=80% group 1 vs 37/53=69.8 group 2; p=0.3), and no increase of loss to post-molar follow-up with positive hCG (8/92=8.7% group 1 vs 14/216=6.5% group 2; p=0.49). The shortening of follow-up of complete moles to 90 days increased the rate of complete post-molar follow-up (from 127/235=54.0% to 189/235=80.4%, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The association of telemonitoring with in-person appointments could have had an advantage in post-molar follow-up since it did not reduce adherence to hormonal surveillance. Shortening post-molar follow-up after complete mole to 90 days after the first normal hCG level increased the rate of complete post-molar follow-up.
Possible Delayed Cut-End Recurrence After Limited Resection for Ground-Glass Opacity Adenocarcinoma, Intraoperatively Diagnosed as Noguchi Type B, in Three Patients
Authors: Junji Yoshida, Genichiro Ishii, Tomoyuki Yokose, Keiju Aokage, Tomoyuki Hishida, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Takuya Onuki, Masayuki Noguchi, Kanji Nagai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
The Liver in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: V. GEORGOULIAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1980The Liver in Hairy Cell LeukemiaV. GEORGOULIAS, N. PAPANICOLAOU, D. LOUKOPOULOS, PH. FESSASV. GEORGOULIASSearch for more papers by this author, N. PAPANICOLAOUSearch for more papers by this author, D. LOUKOPOULOSSearch for more papers by this author, PH. FESSASSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-380_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The clinical review of Golumb, Catovsky, and Golde (1), based on 71 cases of hairy cell leukemia, stresses its clinical and laboratory characteristics and the prognostic factors important for therapy and predicting the evolution of the disease. Some of their patients had" features of hepatomegaly, abnormalities in liver function tests, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, and characteristic infiltrates of hairy cells in portal areas and hepatic cords. Nevertheless, in only one patient did preterminal jaundice develop.Three patients have recently been hospitalized in our department who had hairy cell leukemia; two of them died with clinical and...References1. GOLOMBCATOVSKYGOLDE HDD. Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:677-83. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VARDIMANVARIAKOJISGOLOMB JDH. Hairy cell leukemia: an autopsy study. Cancer. 1979:83:1339-49. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. KATAYAMAFINKEL IH. Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: A clinicopathologic study with review of the literature. Am J Med. 1974;57:115-26. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CATOVSKYPETTITGALTONSPIERSHARRISON DJDAC. Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis ("hairy" cell leukemia): a distinct clinicopathological entity. Br J Haematol. 1974;26:9-27. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Athens School of Medicine Athens Greece PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 380-381KeywordsClinical laboratoriesHepatocytesHepatomegalyLiverLiver diseasesLiver function testsPhosphatasesResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Systemic activity and mortality in primary Sjögren syndrome: predicting survival using the EULAR-SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) in 1045 patients
Authors: P Brito-Zerón, B Kostov, R Solans, G Fraile, C Suárez-Cuervo, A Casanovas, F J Rascón, R Qanneta, R Pérez-Alvarez, M Ripoll, M Akasbi, B Pinilla, J A Bosch, J Nava-Mateos, B Díaz-López, M L Morera-Morales, H Gheitasi, S Retamozo, M Ramos-Casals
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To score systemic activity at diagnosis and correlate baseline activity with survival in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SS).We include 1045 consecutive patients who fulfilled the 2002 classification criteria for primary SS. The clinical and immunological characteristics and level of activity (EULAR-SS Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) scores) were assessed at diagnosis as predictors of death using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis. The risk of death was calculated at diagnosis according to four different predictive models.After a mean follow-up of 117 months, 115 (11%) patients died. The adjusted standardised mortality ratio for the total cohort was 4.66 (95% CI 3.85 to 5.60), and survival rates at 5, 10, 20 and 30 years were 96%, 90%, 81% and 60%, respectively. The main baseline factors associated with overall mortality in the multivariate analysis were male gender, cryoglobulins and low C4 levels. Baseline activity in the constitutional, pulmonary and biological domains was associated with a higher risk of death. High activity in at least one ESSDAI domain (HR 2.14), a baseline ESSDAI score ≥14 (HR 1.85) and more than one laboratory predictive marker (lymphopenia, anti-La, monoclonal gammopathy, low C3, low C4 and/or cryoglobulins) (HR 2.82) were associated with overall mortality; these HRs increased threefold to 10-fold when the analysis was restricted to mortality associated with systemic disease.Patients with primary SS, who present at diagnosis with high systemic activity (ESSDAI ≥14) and/or predictive immunological markers (especially those with more than one), are at higher risk of death.
Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults
Authors: Marcus M. Reidenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersDecember 17, 2013Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in AdultsMarcus M. Reidenberg, MDMarcus M. Reidenberg, MDFrom Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the USPSTF's guideline (1) with great interest. Both the Institute of Medicine report (2) cited in the editorial (3) and the WHI (Women's Health Initiative) study noted in the guideline as the largest trial of fracture outcomes reported that many persons in the United States are already receiving supplements. Thus, the conclusions refer to persons already having vitamin D and calcium intake at or close to the recommended daily allowance of each, often because they are receiving supplements. Furthermore, the WHI study used the statistical significance value for the intention-to-treat analysis.I recognize the issue ...References1. Moyer VA; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:691-6 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2011. Accessed at www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D.aspx on 27 September 2013. Google Scholar3. Nestle M and Nesheim MC. To supplement or not to supplement: the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations on calcium and vitamin D [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:701-2 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.Disclosures: Board membership: Aminopterin; Patents (planned, pending, or issued): National Institutes of Health; Royalties: National Institutes of Health; Stock/stock options: Ascenta; Travel/accommodations/meeting expenses unrelated to activities listed: United States Pharmacopoeia, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Expert Committee. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Virginia A. Moyer and Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults Virginia A. Moyer , Michael L. LeFevre , and Albert L. Siu Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures in Adults Toshihiro Sugiyama Metrics December 17, 2013Volume 159, Issue 12Page: 856KeywordsCalciumDrugsObstetrics and gynecologyVitamin D ePublished: 17 December 2013 Issue Published: December 17, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Commentary on a Commentary on Improving the Public Health
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Charles D. Aring, MD, is a highly intelligent physician who uses his intelligence. His COMMENTARY, however, needs a commentary, because it clearly blames physicians for not preventing enough disease (239:2557, 1978). Ivan Illich, René Dubos, Thomas McKeown, and Michael Wilson are all cited as authorities for what is made to seem a new idea that people should take more responsibility for their own health, and that since they do not, physicians are at fault. It is made to appear that if doctors could do less doctoring and more educating, all would be well. Congress and Senator Kennedy vociferously concur. Free enterprise is obviously a failure. Charitably overlooking the end-to-end clichés, the message is clear that we physicians had better do something about it or else the government, committees, and an assortment of humanitarians will. No physician I have ever known denies that preventive medicine is preferable to
A Score of Significant Papers Published in the<i>Journal</i>during the Last Hundred and Fifty Years
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

OF the many papers printed since 1812 in the medical periodical now known as the New England Journal of Medicine, hardly a score qualify as contributions of sufficient importance to be included in bibliographic listings designed to illustrate the progress of medicine. The Journal, like most publications of its type, contained few original contributions of particular value during its first hundred years, for most physicians had not developed the habit of documenting their unusual experiences and often they had to be urged to do so by their fellow practitioners. The Journal, however, offered a relatively easy and rapid means of . . .
"New chronic" patients.
Authors: T H Bewley, M Bland, D Mechen, E Walch
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare the abilities of a new Glaucoma Probability Scoring (GPS) system and Moorfields regression analysis (MRA) to differentiate between glaucomatous and normal eyes using Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT)-III software and race-specific databases. <b>Methods:</b> In this prospective study, one eye (refractive error ⩽5 D) each of consecutive normal patients and those with glaucoma was enrolled. All patients underwent a full eye examination, standard achromatic perimetry (Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm-standard automated perimetry (SITA-SAP), program 24-2) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT-II) within 1 month. Normal patients had two normal visual fields in both eyes (pattern standard deviation (PSD) &gt;5% and Glaucoma Hemifield Test within 97% normal limits) and a normal clinical examination. Glaucoma was defined on the basis of SITA-SAP visual field loss (PSD&lt;5% or Glaucoma Hemifield Test outside normal limits) on two consecutive visual fields. HRT-II examinations were exported to the HRT-III software (V.3.0), which uses an enlarged race-specific database, consisting of 733 eyes of white people and 215 eyes of black people. Race-adjusted MRA for the most abnormal sector (operator-dependent contour line placement) was compared with the global race-adjusted GPS (operator independent). MRA sectors outside the 99.9% confidence interval limits (outside normal limits) and GPS ⩾0.64 were considered abnormal. <b>Results:</b> 136 normal patients (72 black and 64 white patients) and 84 patients with glaucoma (52 black and 32 white patients) were enrolled (mean age 50.4 (SD 14.4) years). The average visual field mean deviation was −0.4 (SD 1.1) db for the normal group and −7.3 (SD 6.7) db for the glaucoma group (p&lt;0.001). Mean GPS values were 0.21 (SD 0.23) and 0.73 (SD 0.27) for normal and glaucomatous eyes, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Sensitivity and specificity values were 77.1% and 90.3% for GPS, and 71.4% and 91.9% for MRA, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> In this cohort, GPS software sensitivity and specificity values are similar to those of MRA, which requires placement of an operator-dependent contour line. The development of software to detect glaucoma without a contour line is critical to improving the potential use of HRT as a tool for glaucoma detection and screening.
Kaposi's Sarcoma, Vascular Permeability, and Scientific Integrity
Authors: Robert C. Gallo
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —This letter concerns our laboratory's research on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the current state of the art, and our response to criticisms in the article by Dr Witte and colleagues<sup>1</sup>regarding our publication in<i>Science</i>.<sup>2</sup> As those familiar with the field are aware, KS is a unique vascular tumor that occurs frequently in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—infected patients. The disease remains relatively difficult to treat and is associated with significant morbidity, particularly in its pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and disseminated forms. In 1986, initially looking for an associated virus, we were able to grow cells from KS patients that we believe are vascular endothelial in origin and play a role in establishing the tumor. Using these cells, we have developed the hypothesis that cytokines and the HIV regulatory protein Tat promote the growth of KS cells. The fact that these KS cells are not unique to KS lesions
Serum immunoglobulins in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: M J Kendall, M Farr, N Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

histological picture was characterized by a massive, almost syncytial growth of reticulum cells with many Reed-Stemnberg cells, severe lymphocyte depletion, and albsence of eosinophils, plasma cells, or fiibrinoid necrosis.This picture was completely differ- ent from the entity described as Hodgkin's sarcoma.Deelmant and I concluded that this disease could be described, both on clinical and on pathological grounds, as a separate entity.I had the opportunity to discuss these cases personally in 1955 with both Dr.F. Parker and Dr. R. J. Lukes, who were at that time rather sceptical about my pro- posal to mark off this disease from classic Hodgkin's disease as a separate subgroup.However, it should be borne in mind that in 1955 discussions about the immunological nature of Hodgkin's disease were still un- heard of.A good account of identical cases had already been given in 1953 by Miss
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III in High-Risk, Antibody-Negative Homosexual Men
Authors: KENNETH H. MAYER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A cohort of 215 asymptomatic homosexually active men from a Boston community health center are being prospectively followed to assess the natural history of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection. To determine if certain asymptomatic persons who are HTLV-III antibody negative may be viremic, an algorithm was developed that defined high-risk characteristics (a sexual partner with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]; more than 100 homosexual partners; or leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia). Of 33 asymptomatic homosexual men who did not have antibody to HTLV-III and whose cases have not been previously reported, 2 had HTLV-III recovered from their lymphocytes. Clinical, behavioral, and hematologic data from seronegative persons did not distinguish between those with negative or positive viral cultures. Asymptomatic carriage of HTLV-III in high-risk seronegative persons underscores the need to base preventive educational strategies and behavioral modification on the assessment of risk factors and not solely on the results of HTLV-III antibody screening.
Reduction in sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD
Authors: D. C Grootendorst, S. A Gauw, R. M Verhoosel, P. J Sterk, J. J Hospers, D. Bredenbroker, T. D Bethke, P. S Hiemstra, K. F Rabe
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> Roflumilast is a targeted oral once-daily administered phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with clinical efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results from in vitro studies with roflumilast indicate that it has anti-inflammatory properties that may be applicable for the treatment of COPD. <h3>Methods:</h3> In a crossover study, 38 patients with COPD (mean (SD) age 63.1 (7.0) years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>) 61.0 (12.6)% predicted) received 500 μg roflumilast or placebo once daily for 4 weeks. Induced sputum samples were collected before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Differential and absolute cell counts were determined in whole sputum samples. Markers of inflammation were determined in sputum supernatants and blood. Spirometry was performed weekly. <h3>Results:</h3> Roflumilast significantly reduced the absolute number of neutrophils and eosinophils/g sputum compared with placebo by 35.5% (95% CI 15.6% to 50.7%; p = 0.002) and 50.0% (95% CI 26.8% to 65.8%; p&lt;0.001), respectively. The relative proportion of sputum neutrophils and eosinophils was not affected by treatment (p&gt;0.05). Levels of soluble interleukin-8, neutrophil elastase, eosinophil cationic protein and α<sub>2</sub>-macroglobulin in sputum and the release of tumour necrosis factor α from blood cells were significantly reduced by roflumilast compared with placebo treatment (p&lt;0.05 for all). Post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub> improved significantly during roflumilast compared with placebo treatment with a mean difference between treatments of 68.7 ml (95% CI 12.9 to 124.5; p = 0.018). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> PDE4 inhibition by roflumilast treatment for 4 weeks reduced the number of neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as soluble markers of neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammatory activity in induced sputum samples of patients with COPD. This anti-inflammatory effect may in part explain the concomitant improvement in post-bronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub>.
Reducing the risk of injury in young footballers
Authors: C. Broderick, D. McKay
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Classifying players by skeletal age rather than chronological age may be preferable

The risks and benefits of children and adolescents participating in elite sports have long been debated. Reports of growth retardation in elite gymnasts and degenerative joint disease in the elbows of young baseball players have caused anxiety among parents and sporting bodies. In contrast, Ericsson’s theory of deliberate practice dictates the need for high volumes of training at a young age to reach expert level in skilled tasks including sport.1 Health and sports professionals need answers to help with the understandable confusion confronting the parents of our next generation of athletes. In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b490), Johnson and colleagues assess growth, development, and factors associated with injury in elite schoolboy footballers.2 

The evidence base shows common themes in different sports. The incidence of injury increases with chronological age and pubertal stage.3 4 5 Despite weight for age competitions in several youth sports—including American football, rugby union, and wrestling—the evidence on whether height or weight is …