tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive drugs and diabetes in predisposed men.
Authors: W. Bains
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Mechanical ventilation at homeSIR,-We support Dr M A Branthwaite's succinct case for a nationally coordinated home ventilation service in Britain' Such a system would help smaller centres such as our own, which historically lacks the designated funding.At present we experience much difficulty in obtaining financial agreement for ventilators and associated equipment from patients' home districts, which prolongs their stay in hospital.The current impetus arises from the greater understanding of the treatability of nocturnal hypoxaemia associated with sleep apnoea or chronic pulmonary disease; numerically, these groups account for a large fraction of the total
Collateral Circulation to Myocardial Regions Supplied by Anterior Descending and Right Coronary Arteries in the Dog
Authors: Moris Chansky, Matthew N. Levy, Harrison Zietke, Jacqueline Higgint, Geraldfno Nefson
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The regional distribution of myocardial clearances of Rb 86 has been determined in dogs with intact coronary circulation, as well as in those with acute occlusions of the anterior descending or right coronary artery. In the intact heart, the Rb 86 clearance was rather homogeneous throughout the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The Rb 86 clearance for most of the right ventricle was less than that for the left ventricle. At the apex of the right ventricle, however, the clearance was greater and was quite variable from experiment to experiment.
Stenting for Carotid-Artery Stenosis
Authors: Richard P. Cambria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the context of his original description of the pathoanatomical relationship of plaque at the carotid bifurcation to ipsilateral hemispheric stroke, C. Miller Fisher predicted that "one day surgeons might develop techniques to remove the offending plaque," thereby preventing stroke.1 We could forgive Miller Fisher if his prophecy did not extend into the age of endovascular therapies, which over the past decade have assumed an important role, if not a dominant one, in the management of a spectrum of vascular diseases. In the article by Yadav and colleagues in this issue of the Journal, 2 readers are provided with the best . . .
Erosive mucosal lichen planus: response to topical treatment with tacrolimus
Authors: None VENTE, None REICH, None RUPPRECHT, None NEUMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Erosive mucosal lichen planus is a painful and disabling inflammatory skin disease that is highly resistant to topical treatment. We report on six patients with severe recalcitrant erosive mucosal lichen planus who benefited from topical application of tacrolimus ointment. After 4 weeks of treatment, complete resolution was observed in three cases, and substantial improvement was achieved in the other three patients. In these cases, prolonged treatment resulted either in further improvement or in complete healing. All patients reported rapid relief from pain and burning. No severe side-effects were observed.
Recognition of Growth Hormone Secretory Disorders
Authors: William H. Daughaday
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The demonstration by Raben<sup>1</sup>that only growth hormone (GH) extracted from human or primate pituitaries could stimulate growth in pituitary dwarfs was a milestone in clinical endocrinology. Because the supply of GH from human pituitaries was limited, endocrinologists concentrated on determining who was "truly" GH deficient by measuring serum GH levels after the induction of hypoglycemia or the administration of arginine, levodopa, clonidine, and other potent GH secretogogues. Rises in serum GH levels to more than 7 to 10 ng/mL were considered "normal." Because a minority of apparently normal children might fail to respond to any one stimuli, the National Pituitary Program required failure to respond to two appropriate stimuli to qualify for GH treatment. The prospect of the more general availability of bacterially synthesized methionyl GH has led to a reexamination of GH secretion in short children. There is legitimate concern that GH response to potent pharmacologic stimuli
ELECTRARGOL IN SMALL-POX AND PLAGUE
Authors: R. Denman
Journal: BMJ (1914)

T. rhodesiense in their blood, it is incredible that they do not constitute in nature a reservoir of the virus.The fact that a large proportion of tlle antelope do actually harbour a trypanosonie indistinguislhable from T. r1hodesienise is very suggestive.To assume that tlle game is infected witlh two different trypanosomes, alike in'every respect with the sinigle exception that one variety is fatal to man wvhilst the other is innocuous, would be, in our opinion, excessive theorizing.Sumnnary.In favour, tlhen, of game being tlle reservoir of humiian trypanosonmiasis in Soutlh Central Africa we lhave the following facts:1. Huimian beings and game are kno'wn to be infected with trypanosomes identical as regards morphology, patlhogenicity in laboratory animals, and their development in G. morsitans.2. The lhuman trypanosome can be successfully inocu- lated into game.3. The peculiar sporadic occurrence of the disease in hiuman beings suggests that they were infected from a widely spread reservoir of the infection (the game) rather than from one another.In conclusion, we submit that the hypothesis that man enjoys marked natural immunity and is in consequence to a great extent resistant to infection witlh this parasite affords a satisfactory explanation of the distribution of the disease, of its comparative rarity, and of the fact that Taute's attemipt to infect himself failed.
A Report on Diabetes Detection
Authors: Robert E. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In a case-finding campaign against diabetes, duplicate dried samples of urine were obtained on test-papers from 19,403 persons. In 665 cases there was a positive reaction to one or both of 2 tests for glucose. The Benedict test was positive in 49% of the 665 cases; the glucose-oxidase test was positive in 90%. Both were positive in 39%. In 114 cases it was possible to perform both a postprandial blood sugar (PBS) determination and a glucose-tolerance test (GTT). Among these there were 21 who would be classified as diabetic by the PBS but normal by the GTT, and 19 normal by the PBS but diabetic or probably diabetic by the GTT.
Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 15.
Authors: C C Patterson, D R Hadden
Journal: BMJ (1991)

question of the partner not undergoing the procedure having the right of veto.The Department of Health took the decision not to include reference to the patient's partner on the consent form as a result of the representations received following a consultation exercise.There was a clear feeling that respondents did not consider it correct to include such a "reminder" on the form.Among those making that point were medical and nursing professional bodies plus consumer groups.As the consultation-for any medical treatment is a private one between health professional and patient we felt able to agree that the consent form was not the right place to require consideration of the partner's interest.The department has of course issued detailed guidance on family planning services, which includes advice on the need for full counselling for both partners before deciding on the operation.This guidance is still current.'Although it is not a legal requirement and the form therefore makes no specific provision for obtaining a partner's consent, the department's view is that doctors may still, as a matter ofgood practice, seek the partner's agreement if the patient accepts that this should be done and record this locally if desired.
Poor-prognosis colon cancer is defined by a molecularly distinct subtype and develops from serrated precursor lesions
Authors: Felipe De Sousa E Melo, Xin Wang, Marnix Jansen, Evelyn Fessler, Anne Trinh, Laura P M H de Rooij, Joan H de Jong, Onno J de Boer, Ronald van Leersum, Maarten F Bijlsma, Hans Rodermond, Maartje van der Heijden, Carel J M van Noesel, Jurriaan B Tuynman, Evelien Dekker, Florian Markowetz, Jan Paul Medema, Louis Vermeulen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
The Historic Role of Boards of Health in Local Innovation
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Belinda H. Reeve, Marice Ashe
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Childhood and adult obesity pose major risks for cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, with the poor and racial minorities suffering from disproportionately high burdens of obesity and chronic disease. With current policies failing, cities and states have moved forward with creative prevention measures –- with boards of health driving policy innovation in many local jurisdictions. The New York City Board of Board of Health’s (NYCBH) soda portion limit pushed the boundaries of innovation, but was struck down on June 26, 2014 by New York State’s highest court, which held that the Board trespassed on the City Council’s authority.The Court’s decision ignored the critical role of local health agencies in responding to 21st century public health threats, including epidemics of obesity and chronic disease. The Court narrowly construed the NYCBH’s authority, characterizing its powers as administrative, and thus potentially stifling local innovation. The decision also obscured the fundamental truth that public health policymaking requires complex trade-offs and incremental action, as well as a multifaceted approach to reducing population weight gain. Policymaking often relies upon limited evidence, and agencies experiment with novel ideas while also transforming social norms and pushing the boundaries of public opinion. Although the portion rule would disproportionately affect disadvantaged individuals who drink the largest amount of soda, government’s failure to act represents a greater injustice. Enhancing opportunities to choose a healthy life path better serves the interests of justice, but the Court’s judgment takes us further away from realizing this social aspiration.
Prophylactic and Other Treatment for "Histaminic," "Cluster," or "Limited" Variant of Migraine
Authors: Francis Schiller
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A comparison was made between the main therapeutic measures advocated for this well-defined clinical syndrome. The methods compared in 52 patients were sphenopalatine ganglion anesthesia, histamine desensitization, and prophylactic ergotamine tartrate. The efficacy of the first two methods was shown to be equally doubtful, in particular because each attack and each cycle of headaches are self-limiting. Ergotamine tartrate, while ineffective during the attack, provided excellent prophylaxis for the duration of the cycle. The required dosage exceeded the conventional margin of safety for this drug yet did not produce any toxic effects. The results with massive oral prevention were equal to those obtained parenterally. "Limited migraine variant" or "hemicrania limitata" seem the most descriptive, comprehensive, and internationally acceptable terms for this many-named condition.
Visual outcome after discontinuation of corticosteroids in atypical severe central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Tarun Sharma, Nitant Shah, Madhav Rao, Lingam Gopal, Mahesh P. Shanmugam, Mahesh Gopalakrishnan, Pramod Bhende, Muna Bhende, Nitin S. Shetty, Sukumar Baluswamy
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Treatment and Management of Obesity
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<b>Obesity: Causes, Consequences and Treatment,</b>edited by Louis Lasagna (meeting, Washington, DC, June 1972), 154 pp, with illus, paper, $10.50, MEDCOM Press, 1974. Recent publication of two paperbacks about obesity reflects an everincreasing national concern with this disorder of energy balance. E. B. Astwood's now-classic comment comes readily to mind: "I shall not be surprised if soon we have a prohibition against it [obesity] in the name of national security."<sup>1</sup> The volume edited by Bray and Bethune summarizes well the state of our knowledge, as of early 1973. Cahill presents his schema for control of fuel metabolism. Salans reviews work on fat cell size and number. Sims recounts his seminal studies on human experimental obesity. The parallels between behavior of obese subjects and of subjects undergoing starvation are drawn by Nesbitt. Of particular interest is Bray's classification of obese states according to known etiologic mechanisms. Finally, currently accepted therapeutic
The Assessment and Treatment of Geezers
Authors: L Pankratz, L Kofoed
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<i>WEBSTER'S</i>defines a geezer as an odd or eccentric man. We write about geezers because they have predictable and understandable problems when forced into the health care system. We hope to promote an appreciation for their rich life histories and idiosyncratic charm. Survivors of the dust bowl and the Great Depression endured hardships unimaginable to the young physician. The geezer is the rural or working-class man who emerged from these adverse circumstances with a fierce independence blazed from solving problems with his own hands. Like an old oak, he is strong and rigid but brittle. He may collapse suddenly when the storms of serious illness overwhelm his self-sufficiency. The geezer has limited formal education, and he is unimpressed by diplomas and certificates. He has his own idea of competence, dismissing house staff with uncanny accuracy as "whippersnappers." After cogitating our advice, he does what he damned well pleases. He is
Combretastatin A4 Phosphate Has Tumor Antivascular Activity in Rat and Man as Demonstrated by Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Susan M. Galbraith, Ross J. Maxwell, Martin A. Lodge, Gillian M. Tozer, John Wilson, N. Jane Taylor, J. James Stirling, Luiza Sena, Anwar R. Padhani, Gordon J.S. Rustin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) is a novel vascular targeting agent. Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) studies were performed to examine changes in parameters related to blood flow and vascular permeability in tumor and normal tissue after CA4P treatment.Changes in kinetic DCE-MRI parameters (transfer constant [Ktrans] and area under contrast medium-time curve [AUC]) over 24 hours after treatment with CA4P were measured in 18 patients in a phase I trial and compared with those obtained in the rat P22 carcinosarcoma model, using the same imaging technique. Rats were treated with 30 mg/kg of CA4P; patients received escalating doses from 5 to 114 mg/m2.A similar pattern and time course of change in tumor and normal tissue parameters was seen in rats and humans. Rat tumor Ktrans was reduced by 64% 6 hours after treatment with CA4P (30 mg/kg). No significant reductions in kidney or muscle parameters were seen. Significant reductions were seen in tumor Ktrans in six of 16 patients treated at >or= 52 mg/m2, with a significant group mean reduction of 37% and 29% at 4 and 24 hours, respectively, after treatment. The mean reduction in tumor initial area under the gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid concentration-time curve (AUC) was 33% and 18%, respectively, at these times. No reduction was seen in muscle Ktrans or in kidney AUC in group analysis of the clinical data.CA4P acutely reduces Ktrans in human as well as rat tumors at well-tolerated doses, with no significant changes in kidney or muscle, providing proof of principle that this drug has tumor antivascular activity in rats and humans.
Is the Establishment Defensible?
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Twelve years ago I presented a presidential address entitled "In Defense of the Establishment" to the Western Society for Clinical Research.1 It was a time when medical schools were being blamed for almost all the ills that were plaguing American medicine, including the physician shortage, failure to provide care to certain segments of society, dehumanization of medical students by curricula that gave them too much science at the expense of topics of social relevance, and performance of abstruse, expensive research that was not applicable to the care of patients. I took a strong stand against medical schools' being made the . . .
The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of stable angina: current status.
Authors: T Takaro, H N Hultgren, K M Detre, P Peduzzi
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The current status of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of the effect of surgery on survival in patients with stable angina is presented. The outcome in 686 adult males randomly allocated to medical or surgical treatment groups in 1972-1974 was studied in subgroups of patients classified by invasive (arteriographic) and noninvasive risk factors. In 91 patients with left main lesions reducing the luminal diameter 50% or more, surgery significantly improved survival in the two-thirds characterized as middle or high risk by four simple noninvasive predictors of prognosis (New York Heart Association functional classification III or IV, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension, and ST-segment depression on the resting baseline ECG as assessed on a centralized reading). Patients with three-vessel disease and no significant disease of the left main coronary artery also had better survival rates when treated surgically. However, this was statistically significant at 6 years only in the 10 hospitals in which the aggregate operative mortality was 3.3%. Patients without left main lesions were also categorized by four noninvasive predictors of risk. Categorizing such patients into roughly equal groups of high, middle, and low risk identified a high-risk group, in which surgery was associated with statistically improved survival, and low- and middle-risk groups in which it was not. The use of both invasive and noninvasive factors to assess risk in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris provided greater predictive power than either angiography or noninvasive factors alone.
New Framingham Data Indicate That Smoking Is Also a Risk Factor for Stroke
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

WHERE THERE'S SMOKE there's... likely to be an increased risk for some disease. Recently stroke was added to the list of diseases and medical events linked to cigarette smoking. The link, forged by the Framingham Heart Study, was reported at the 12th International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation in Tampa, Fla. The investigators said that now that the cohort is old enough to have had a substantial number of strokes, they have found that the smokers in the group have a significantly higher risk of stroke than do the nonsmokers. But the forecast was not universally bad for smokers. Philip A. Wolf, MD, who presented the results at the conference, noted that the risk of stroke was dose related and reversible. The risk of stroke in light smokers (who smoked ten or fewer cigarettes per day) was not significantly higher than that in nonsmokers. However, the stroke risk of heavy smokers (those who smoked
The Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Thomas B. Graboys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

A half century ago the two standard textbooks on cardiovascular disease allotted little space to the subject of paroxysmal auricular tachycardia.1 , 2 Concepts about this dysrhythmia were few, and advice about therapy was brief. Concentrating on management, Dr. Samuel A. Levine noted that "it hardly seems wise to institute a course of drug therapy for the rare spells, it being better to do nothing and then to stop the attack when it occurs." Similarly, Dr. Paul Dudley White devoted only a few pages to the same disorder, recommending that "therapy be as simple as possible and not include the administration of . . .
British renal registry is fully electronic
Authors: D. Ansell, T. Feest, J. Wallis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—In his editorial on clinical databases Black did not mention the UK Renal Registry,1 although it may be the most innovative and ambitious registry in the United Kingdom.

The registry was established by the Renal Association in collaboration with the British Transplant Society and the British Association of Paediatric Nephrology, and it received priming support from …
Dasatinib plus Capecitabine for Advanced Breast Cancer: Safety and Efficacy in Phase I Study CA180004
Authors: George Somlo, Francesco Atzori, Lewis C. Strauss, William J. Geese, Jennifer M. Specht, William J. Gradishar, Alissa Rybicki, Oumar Sy, Linda T. Vahdat, Javier Cortes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Dasatinib is an Src family kinase inhibitor with modest activity in advanced breast cancer. We aimed to assess toxicity and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for dasatinib plus capecitabine, estimate efficacy, and explore effects on angiogenesis.Dose levels (DL) were dasatinib 50 mg twice daily (DL1), 70 mg twice daily (DL2 and DL3), or 100 mg daily (DL3a); plus capecitabine on days 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle, at 825 mg/m(2) twice daily (DL1 and DL2) or 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily [DL3 and DL3a (MTD)]. DL3a was expanded to evaluate safety/efficacy. Plasma samples were collected for biomarker analysis.Thirty-one and 21 patients were treated in the escalation and expansion phases. Sixty percent of tumors were hormone receptor-positive. Most common adverse events (AE) were any grade nausea (58%), hand-foot syndrome (44%), diarrhea (33%), fatigue (33%), vomiting (31%), and asthenia (31%). Most common grade 3/4 AEs were hand-foot syndrome (12%), diarrhea (8%), fatigue (8%), pleural effusion (8%), and vomiting (6%). The MTD was defined at DL3a (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily and dasatinib 100 mg daily). Of 25 response-evaluable patients treated at DL3a, confirmed partial response was noted in 24% and stable disease in an additional 32%; median progression-free survival was 14.4 weeks. Significant decreases in plasma VEGF-A and increases in VEGFR-2 and collagen-IV were observed.Dasatinib 100 mg once daily plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily were tolerable and were associated with clinical benefit in 56% of response-evaluable patients. Biomarker changes were consistent with an antiangiogenic effect.
THE USE OF HISTAMINASE BY MOUTH IN PREVENTING SYSTEMIC REACTIONS TO PARENTERAL LIVER EXTRACT
Authors: C. B. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The relative infrequency of severe reactions to liver extract is indicated by the fact that there are only 34 cases reported in the literature.<sup>1</sup>The important data on these cases are shown in the accompanying table. In all but 2 instances the preparation was given parenterally. In many of the cases there was no previous history of abnormal sensitivity. That the sensitivity is acquired is indicated by the fact that in nearly every instance reactions occurred only after a number of injections had been given. The nature of the reactions varied from prolonged, generalized urticaria or pruritus to shocklike symptoms. It has been demonstrated (Criep<sup>1</sup>) that the sensitivity is to the liver as an organ and not to the general animal antigen. Passive transfer of sensitivity was accomplished in all cases in which it was attempted. One exception to these statements was the case of Milbradt's<sup>1</sup>in