tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin Cardioprotection After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Involves the Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrative Stress
Authors: Ling Tao, Erhe Gao, Xiangying Jiao, Yuexing Yuan, Shuzhuang Li, Theodore A. Christopher, Bernard L. Lopez, Walter Koch, Lawrence Chan, Barry J. Goldstein, Xin L. Ma
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Several clinical studies have demonstrated that levels of adiponectin are significantly reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes and that adiponectin levels are inversely related to the risk of myocardial ischemia. The present study was designed to determine the mechanism by which adiponectin exerts its protective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.Adiponectin-/- or wild-type mice were subjected to 30 minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by 3 hours or 24 hours (infarct size and cardiac function) of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and apoptosis, production of peroxynitrite, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp91(phox) protein expression were compared. Myocardial apoptosis and infarct size were markedly enhanced in adiponectin-/- mice (P<0.01). Formation of NO, superoxide, and their cytotoxic reaction product, peroxynitrite, were all significantly higher in cardiac tissue obtained from adiponectin-/- than from wild-type mice (P<0.01). Moreover, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced iNOS and gp91(phox) protein expression was further enhanced, but endothelial NOS phosphorylation was reduced in cardiac tissue from adiponectin-/- mice. Administration of the globular domain of adiponectin 10 minutes before reperfusion reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced iNOS/gp91(phox) protein expression, decreased NO/superoxide production, blocked peroxynitrite formation, and reversed proapoptotic and infarct-enlargement effects observed in adiponectin-/- mice.The present study demonstrates that adiponectin is a natural molecule that protects hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of iNOS and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase protein expression and resultant oxidative/nitrative stress.
A new heart failure model in rat by an end-to-side femoral vessel anastomosis
Authors: C Ozek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a new shunting procedure for producing heart failure in the rat incorporating microvascular techniques and avoiding an abdominal operation. Method: We performed an end-to-side anastomosis between the femoral vein and the femoral artery just proximal to their trifurcation into the saphenous, epigastric, and distal femoral vessels. Results: Of the 15 rats which underwent this procedure, six died within 48 h. The nine surviving animals were sacrificed and examined six weeks following surgery. All nine had developed cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure. Conclusion: This model provides a relatively simple and reproducible means of creating high output heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy in the rat without necessitating abdominal surgery.
South Africa's drug regulatory body attacked
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

South Africa's drug regulatory authority looks likely to be disbanded after a series of skirmishes between the council, its chairman, and the minister of health. The move follows a scathing report on the Medicines Control Council commissioned by the minister of health, Dr Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma.

The team that wrote the report, headed by a British expert in drug regulatory issues, …
A High-Potency, Single-Donor Cryoprecipitate of Known Factor VIII Content Dispensed in Vials
Authors: BRUCE C. McLEOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Current factor VIII products expose recipients to many donors and hence to a high risk of acquiring blood-borne infections. Plasma-exchange donation of cryoprecipitate can reduce donor exposure by repeatedly obtaining large yields of factor VIII from individual donors. In this study, donor factor VIII levels were stimulated with desmopressin before donation. Mean yield per donation increased from 1399 ± 425 IU in controls to 3818 ± 1350 IU in stimulated donations (p < 0.001), and mean factor VIII concentration in the cryoprecipitate increased from 8.2 ± 3 lU/mL to 24 ± 12 lU/mL (p < 0.001). A new packaging system dispenses assayed aliquots of stimulated cryoprecipitate in plastic vials. The direct cost of production for this material is $.065 per unit. The cryoprecipitate is hemostatically active and convenient to use, and the aggregate yields from sequential donations by stimulated persons are high enough to allow long-term, single-donor support of many adults with hemophilia.
240 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELL LINES SECRETÓME AS A SOURCE OF POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS
Authors: M. Minguzzi, F. Genovese, A. Gualandi, C. Giovannini, P. Bruschi, M. Cantù, P. Chieco, L. Gramantieri, L. Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Primary rat and mouse hepatic stellate cells express the macrophage inhibitor cytokine interleukin-10 during the course of activationin vitro
Authors: Kerry C. Thompson, Angus Trowern, Andrew Fowell, Mandar Marathe, Catherine Haycock, Michael J. Arthur, Nick Sheron
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Activation of local tissue macrophages (Kupffer cells) and of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to a myofibroblast phenotype are two key events in liver inflammation and fibrosis. It is known that products of activated macrophages may activate stellate cells. We have hypothesized that the products of activated HSCs may also modulate the activity of Kupffer cells. The cytokine interleukin–10 (IL–10), produced by lymphocytes and macrophages, has profound inhibitory actions on macrophages. Normal rat and mouse HSCs that differentiate in vivo and in vitro to activated myofibroblasts were isolated by enzyme perfusion and density centrifugation with or without centrifugal elutriation, confirmed by vitamin A autofluorescence and positive immunostaining for the myofibroblast markers desmin and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Conditioned media and lysates from these cells were found to down–regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–induced tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF–α) secretion by the mouse macrophage line RAW 267.4. In highly purified preparations of rat HSCs, messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL–10 was detected by reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), from the time of isolation to up to 120 days of culture on plastic. Long–term cultures of unstimulated mouse HSCs secreted IL–10 protein as detected by immunoblotting and specific enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL–10 protein was undetectable by immunohistochemistry in mouse HSCs for the first 3 days in culture. After this, the percentage of IL–10-positive cells increased to 45% at day 7 and 100% by day 14, and expression of IL–10 continued in long–term cultures of up to 120 days. The expression of IL–10 by the stromal cells that govern the fibrotic process in the liver may have important implications for the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver.
A transition zone complex regulates mammalian ciliogenesis and ciliary membrane composition
Authors: Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo, Kevin C Corbit, María Salomé Sirerol-Piquer, Gokul Ramaswami, Edgar A Otto, Thomas R Noriega, Allen D Seol, Jon F Robinson, Christopher L Bennett, Dragana J Josifova, José Manuel García-Verdugo, Nicholas Katsanis, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Jeremy F Reiter
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Association between repeat sizes and clinical and pathological characteristics in carriers of C9ORF72 repeat expansions (Xpansize-72): a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Marka van Blitterswijk, Mariely DeJesus-Hernandez, Ellis Niemantsverdriet, Melissa E Murray, Michael G Heckman, Nancy N Diehl, Patricia H Brown, Matthew C Baker, NiCole A Finch, Peter O Bauer, Geidy Serrano, Thomas G Beach, Keith A Josephs, David S Knopman, Ronald C Petersen, Bradley F Boeve, Neill R Graff-Radford, Kevin B Boylan, Leonard Petrucelli, Dennis W Dickson, Rosa Rademakers
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)
Thyroid Carcinoma After Irradiation in Adult Life
Authors: J. Willis
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ILEUS AFTER PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY MBICJOR cases, the mortality has been low, though, as in other forms of intestinal obstruction, delay in treatment may lead to death, as in the case described by Davies (1956).Intestinal obstruction by foodstuffs would seem to be common enough to warrant the strong recommendation that all patients who have undergone partial gastrectomy or gastro-jejunostomy should subsequently be given careful advice regarding their diet.Oranges constitute the most important hazard, so that only their juice should be taken.All bulky, fibrous, and coarse articles of diet should be thoroughly masticated or chopped up before ingestion.The provision of a small stoma could be used as an additional safeguard in individuals who are considered likely to ignore or forget such advice, but if patients are made aware of the particular danger to which their operation exposes them, most of them should have little difficulty in avoiding this complication. SummaryThree cases are reported of intestinal obstruction by orange pith after partial gastrectomy.Recent case reports indicate that this complication has become relatively common.The importance of dietary advice to patients after gastrectomy is stressed.My thanks are due to Mr. E.
Use of computerised general practice data for population surveillance: comparative study of influenza data.
Authors: N Johnson, D Mant, L Jones, T Randall
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the potential for using routine computerised general practice data for surveillance of illness. DESIGN--Comparison of the incidence of influenza during the 1989 epidemic derived from a computerised database with that derived from the Royal College of General Practitioners9s weekly returns service--a well established predominantly manual surveillance system. SETTING--433 general practices throughout the United Kingdom that used a commercial computer system linked to a central databank. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Incidence of influenza. RESULTS--The slope of the influenza epidemic curve was essentially the same whether derived from the routine computerised data or royal college9s weekly returns service data, and the computerised data were geographically consistent. Throughout the study period, however, the computer derived incidence was between one third and one quarter of that derived from the royal college9s system (which is served by practitioners trained in surveillance methods). The peak weekly rates were 164 cases per 100,000 for the computerised system and 583 cases per 100,000 for the royal college9s surveillance system. CONCLUSIONS--The apparent underreporting in the routine computerised data probably reflects lack of motivation and experience in disease surveillance and haphazard computer entry (particularly of consultations that took place outside of the surgery and consultations that did not result in a prescription), along with overestimation of the population under surveillance. Nevertheless, routine computerised surveillance allows rapid data collection from a large number of practices over a wide geographical area and would greatly augment existing methods.
Comparison of simple screening tests for fat malabsorption.
Authors: P S West, G E Levin, G E Griffin, J D Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Three tests were evaluated as screening procedures for fat malabsorption--namely, measurement of serum optical density, serum triglyceride concentration, and 14CO2 breath excretion after the administration of a 60 g fat meal containing 10 muCi glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate. The results of these tests were compared with fat excreted in a three-day faecal collection after adjustment for completeness of collection as assessed by using non-absorbable radio-opaque markers. Fifty-two patients with various symptoms and eight normal subjects were studied. The maximum increase in serum optical density or triglyceride concentration above the fasting value discriminated poorly between subjects with normal and increased adjusted faecal fat excretion. In contrast, seven- or eight-hour cumulative 14CO2 breath excretion provided good discrimination with only four (7%) false-positive and no false-negative results. The simplicity and convenience of breath analysis make it an attractive alternative to analysis of faecal fat excretion in screening for fat malabsorption.
Asthma: what's the bleeding point?
Authors: S. C Pitchford, J. D Moffatt
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Inflammation and coagulation are complex biological pathways that interact with each other in a variety of chronic diseases. Although they are often considered to be distinct processes, it is almost impossible to dissect the one from the other, except at their functional extremes.1 Activation of the coagulation cascade appears to be common to diverse inflammatory lung diseases such as acute lung injury, idiopathic lung fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sarcoidosis.2 It is no great surprise, then, to find evidence of activation of the coagulation cascade in a chronic inflammatory disease such as asthma. Indeed, several studies over the last 10 years or so have consistently found markers for coagulation in the airways of subjects with asthma.3 4 5 6 7 However, taking an informative snapshot of all the relevant team members in coagulation and inflammation in such a setting is a bit like taking a photograph of a 10-car pile-up on a motorway. Such pictures could generate widespread speculation as to the true course of events that led to the disaster. A comprehensive exploration of the presence of various factors governing the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, and their relationship to asthma severity has been lacking. In this issue of Thorax , Brims et al ( see page 1037 ) provide a new, more complete montage of the potential family members of the coagulation cascade present in the asthmatic airway.8 What can we learn from it, and what future work would help us see how inflammatory pile-ups may be modulated or prevented?

Although glucocorticosteroids are the mainstay of asthma treatment, many of the structural changes that occur in the airways appear to be steroid resistant.9 10 …
Surface parasitism by Mycoplasma pneumoniae of respiratory epithelium.
Authors: P C Hu, A M Collier, J B Baseman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Identification of the attachment factor on virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms which permits surface parasitism of respiratory epithelium was attempted. Brief pretreatment of M. pneumoniae monolayers with protease prevented mycoplasma attachment ot sensitive host cells without reducing viability of the microorganisms. Gel electrophoretic analysis of mycoplasma proteins before and after exposure of intact mycoplasmas to protease revealed the absence of a major protein species (P1) in enzyme-treated preparations while other protein bands with the exception of P2 were virtually unaffected. The absence of P1 correlated with the failure of enzyme-treated mycoplasmas to attach to tracheal explants. P1 regeneration after protease treatment of mycoplasma monolayers was directly associated with reattachment capabilities in M. pneumoniae. Erythromycin inhibited P1 resynthesis, thus preventing resumed attachment activity by mycoplasmas. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact M. pneumoniae organisms further confirmed that P1 was an external membrane protein and suggested that his surface component was required for the successful membrane-membrane interaction between host and parasite.
Compensating physicians for telephone calls
Authors: P. G. Churgin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —In response to the Commentary by Dr Sorum, 1 I would like to provide a corroborating observation of physicians' telephone encounter frequency. At our primary care health maintenance organization (HMO) clinic, six family practice clinicians have used a computerized patient record for the past 14 months, documenting all of their clinical activities on the system. 2-4 We document nearly all of our telephone calls to or from patients on the computerized patient record, and we can easily report the frequency of use of this communication method. Of 22 616 patient-physician encounters in 1994, there were 18 527 clinic visits and 4089 telephone encounters (18%). This percentage agrees well with the earlier references in Sorum's Commentary. (The range was 6% to 29% in our clinic.) The Table indicates various types of patient encounters in 1994 for three of our family physicians.  Salaried physicians often struggle with the concept
Combination therapy of DDAVP and conjugated estrogens for a recurrent large subcutaneous hematoma in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Hiroshi Yasui, Yasushi Adachi, Takae Minami, Tadao Ishida, Yasuo Kato, Kohzoh Imai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

To the Editor: In a recent report, we described the features of 14 cases of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8/KSHV)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) occurring during the follow-up of 60 HIVinfected patients with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) [1].Herein we report a new case of NHL arising in the spermatic cord of a patient from the same cohort study.
Fighting obesity: Programme to fight obesity in primary care already exists
Authors: John Broom, David Haslam
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Jain cites the lack of existing data on the effectiveness of public health initiatives in her editorial on the recent report on obesity issued by the UK House of Commons Health Committee.1 She did not take note of the report's findings on the Counterweight Programme (paragraph 350, pp 90-1),2 which has already proved to …
LOCAL ANAPHYLAXIS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF INSULIN
Authors: Mills Sturtevant
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Discussing the local reaction of insulin, Banting, Campbell and Fletcher<sup>1</sup>warn against the intramuscular injection, saying that this adds to the subsequent pain and tenderness and is sometimes followed by induration. Early stinging effects of the extract were ascribed to the salt content, and removal of the salt overcame that difficulty. They state that tenderness varies with different preparations of insulin, and that at its worst it is confined to slight induration involving the subcutaneous tissue, with reddening of the skin immediately surrounding the point of puncture. They find these effects not so great as those following the injection of pituitary extract, caffein, theophyllin, digitalin, strophanthin or camphor, and that they do not compare with, local effects from doses of vaccines. They note that there is no active pain, merely a tenderness to pressure. They suggest injection of areas not subjected to pressure. Wilder, Boothby, Barborka, Kitchen and Adams
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia Using a High-fat Meal
Authors: S.J.O. Veldhuyzen van Zanten, J.F.W.M. Bartelsman, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The case of a 17-year-old woman is described, in whom a suspected diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia was confirmed endoscopically and histologically only after a high-fat meal had been given the night before the procedure. A characteristic endoscopic finding was the appearance of tiny white dots scattered in the duodenum and jejunum, which on histological examination proved to be dilated lymph vessels. Treatment with low-fat diet and MCT-supplementation was successful.
A shrinking window of opportunity
Authors: Ralph Gonzales, Kitty K Corbett, Veronika Wirtz, Anahi Dreser
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Resistance to drugs in many common childhood infections is a growing problem in the developing world, says <b>Zulfiqar Bhutta</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39520.680718.94). Effective programmes to combat resistance are within reach in developing countries, argue <b>Ralph Gonzales and colleagues</b>, but we must move swiftly
Endogenous Myeloperoxidase Promotes Neutrophil-Mediated Renal Injury, but Attenuates T Cell Immunity Inducing Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Dragana Odobasic, A. Richard Kitching, Timothy J. Semple, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme that is found in neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Intracellularly, it plays a major role in microbial killing, but extracellularly, it may cause host tissue damage. The role of endogenous MPO was studied during neutrophil-mediated (heterologous) and T helper 1 (Th1)/macrophage-mediated (autologous) phases of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and MPO-deficient (MPO(-/-)) mice by intravenous injection of sheep anti-mouse glomerular basement membrane globulin. MPO activity was increased in kidneys of WT mice during both the heterologous and autologous phases of glomerulonephritis. During the heterologous phase of glomerulonephritis, proteinuria was decreased, whereas glomerular neutrophil accumulation and P-selectin expression were enhanced in MPO(-/-) mice. In the autologous, crescentic phase of glomerulonephritis, MPO(-/-) mice had increased accumulation of CD4(+) cells and macrophages in glomeruli compared with WT mice. However, no difference in renal injury (crescent formation, proteinuria, and serum creatinine levels) was observed. Neutrophils and macrophages from MPO(-/-) mice exhibited reduced production of reactive oxygen species. Assessment of systemic immunity to sheep globulin showed that MPO(-/-) mice had increased splenic CD4(+) cell proliferation, cytokine production, and dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity, as well as enhanced levels of circulating IgG, IgG1, and IgG3. MPO(-/-) mice also had an augmented Th1:Th2 ratio compared with WT mice (IFN-gamma:IL-4 and IgG3:IgG1 ratios). These results suggest that endogenous MPO locally contributes to glomerular damage during neutrophil-mediated glomerulonephritis, whereas it attenuates initiation of the adaptive immune response inducing crescentic, autologous-phase glomerulonephritis by suppressing T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and Th1:Th2 ratio.