tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The immunophenotype of different immature, myeloid and B-cell lineage-committed CD34+ hematopoietic cells allows discrimination between normal/reactive and myelodysplastic syndrome precursors
Authors: S Matarraz, A López, S Barrena, C Fernandez, E Jensen, J Flores, P Bárcena, A Rasillo, J M Sayagues, M L Sánchez, P Hernandez-Campo, J M Hernandez Rivas, C Salvador, N Fernandez-Mosteirín, M Giralt, L Perdiguer, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Additional drug treatment approved for heart patients
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Adding the angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan to prescribed treatment for patients with heart failure significantly reduces morbidity and admission to hospital, final results of the valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT) have shown.

Valsartan was not effective, however, in patients who also received both b blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.

In the study, Dr Jay Cohn from the University of Minnesota Medical School in Minneapolis, Dr Gianni Tognoni from the Mario Negri Institute in Milan, and colleagues from the valsartan heart failure trial randomly assigned 5010 patients with class II to IV heart …
Myocardial Revascularization With Internal Mammary Artery Implantation
Authors: Richard Gorlin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Objective criteria to indicate efficacy of revascularization have been defined in a series of 100 patients followed up to 48 months. Angina was decreased in 75% of the patients. Rate of reinfarction was reduced 50% when compared to control patients, but life expectancy was less clearly affected. The gains of this operation presumably take place after the neovascular connections between the implanted artery and the coronary circulation are established. Factors favoring successful revascularition are (1) a major degree of arterial obstruction, (2) local collateral formation, and (3) myocardial lactate production. Angina pectoris is the major indication for surgery. Surgery is contraindicated by severe heart failure, widespread atherosclerosis, or poor general health. Severe proximal coronary disease constitutes an augmented although not a prohibitive risk to surgery.
Airway Management During Active Compression-Decompression CPR
Authors: Eric M. Rottenberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Stiell and colleagues<sup>1</sup>published a study comparing the effect of active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and standard CPR on outcomes of in-hospital and out-of-hospital victims of cardiac arrest. They concluded that ACD CPR did not improve survival or neurologic outcomes in any group of patients with cardiac arrest. However, testing ACD CPR in a system in which the ambulance services did not have the capability for endotracheal intubation is biased against successful application of ACD CPR. Since previous animal studies tested the method under conditions that included endotracheal intubation, it is a significant methodological error not to control for intubation. Intubation is an integral part of CPR research because, among other advantages, it ensures a patent airway and allows air to move freely in and out of the lungs. The ACD CPR technique involves the use of a suction-cup device applied to the sternum
Can Bismuth Improve the Simple Solution for Diarrhea?
Authors: John D. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The discovery in the mid-1960s of the coupled transport of sodium and glucose across the intestinal mucosa led directly to the development of oral rehydration therapy, which has become the critical component of effective treatment of acute diarrhea1. This therapy has been called the simple solution, because it is widely available and inexpensive and can use ingredients found in virtually every home around the world. Although oral rehydration therapy has been hailed as “potentially the most important medical advance this century”2 and is credited with saving approximately a million lives each year,1 it has limitations. Perhaps the most important . . .
THE EFFECTS OF PIOGLITAZONE IN REDUCING ATHEROSCLEROSIS PROGRESSION AND NEOINTIMA IN DABETIC PATIENTS: PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY WITH IVUS VOLUMETRY
Authors: Jae Hyoung Choi, Sung Hye You, Bum-Suk Kim, Soon Jun Hong, Chul-Min Ahn, Je Sang Kim, Jae Hyoung Park, Do-Sun Lim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Positive Strategy for the Nation's Health
Authors: Lester Breslow
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IT IS TIME to establish a positive strategy for the nation's health. Fortunately, the last few years have brought a new momentum toward improved health, making it easier to prepare a forward thrust. For example, the total age-adjusted death rate in the nation has been dropping about 1.0% to 1.5% annually from 1920 until the 1950s. Then the decline slowed to less than one third the previous rate. Since 1970, the total age-adjusted death rate has been dropping faster again, 2.0% annually.<sup>1</sup>Infant mortality practically leveled out from 1955 to 1965, but in recent years it has turned steeply downward, about 4% per year (for most of the data in this paper I am indebted to the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md; responsibility for interpretation is mine). While the expectation of life at birth increased quite steadily from 1920 to 1955, the decade 1955 to 1965 showed
Settlement of Medical Liability Lawsuits Without Physician's Consent
Authors: Andrea Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Medical liability insurance policies often contain provisions requiring the physician to consent to settlement of a lawsuit. Insurance companies routinely retain counsel to represent and defend the insured physician in medical liability actions. In the following cases, physicians have sued the insurer, the attorneys, or both, for settling lawsuits without the physician's consent. <h3>Insurance Policy as a Contract</h3> Courts generally look to the language of the insurance policy in each case to determine the rights and obligations of the parties. The court held in<i>Aquilina v O'Connor</i>, 399 NYS2d 919-921 (NY Sup Ct App Div 1977), that an agreement by an insurance company to allow the dismissal of a medical liability suit was not a "settlement" under the terms of the insurance policy, requiring the consent of the physician insured. The suit in question was brought against the physician by the estate of a patient. The physician moved for summary
Postnatal depression: does no one care?
Authors: K. C M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

SIR,-With reference to the article "Postnatal depression: does no one care ?" (8 December, p 1487), I would like to point out that the subject of postpartum psychiatric disorders has been scrutinised and been the subject of a lot of time and energy of many researchers for over a century.'Needless to say, numerous papers and research projects have been published during this time.These concern many aspects of the whole spectrum of these disorders-from acute psychotic disorders2 to the "three-day blues syndrome,"'3 including postpartum depression.4With this history in mind I would like to reassure the author that the lack of "appropriate hormones" to treat people like his wife is not the result of people "not having a care" to answer the queries he poses but is much more likely to be a direct reflection of the complexity of the biochemical and endo- crinological state of the psychiatrically ill puerperal women.As far as the "lack of warning" that patients will be affected is concerned, epidemiological studies and research into the aetiology of these disorders are plentiful5 7 and concern in this respect is in an ever-evolving state.
Abstract 1228: Interleukin 8 (IL8) is a modulator of tumorigenicity in colon cancer initiating cells
Authors: Amanda LoGuidice, Emina Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: At least 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will develop colitis associated cancer (CAC) within 30 years of disease onset. Furthermore, patients with UC have a 5 fold greater risk of developing CAC than the incidence of CRC in the general population. Recently, we isolated and propagated colon cancer initiating cells (CCICs) from UC and CRC patients, and showed that these cells generated tumors in mice and propagated as spheres in vitro. IL8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine with known proliferation and migration properties. Previously, we showed that inhibition of IL8 inhibited the growth of CCIC-derived tumors in vivo. We hypothesize that IL8 modulates several cancer processes and potentiates the progression from colitis to cancer. Methods: Conditioned media from UC and CRC patient sphere cell isolate cultures were used for measurement of secreted IL8. Exogenous IL8 (10 ng/mL) was added to sphere cultures and proliferation was evaluated. In addition, we knocked down IL8 and IL8 receptor (CXCR1) expression in CRC cell line by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and measured proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. We then monitored CCICs from UC or CRC patients, either in the presence or absence of IL8, for symmetric vs. asymmetric division via time lapse video. Results: The chemokine array showed an increase in IL8 in both UC and CRC spheres. Spheres treated with IL8 proliferated faster than controls. Sphere numbers increased with increased exposure to IL8 on days 5 and 7. Conditioned media concentrations of IL8 were increased in both CRC (361-2446 pg/mL) and colitic spheres (208-599 pg/mL) when compared to commercial CRC cell lines (HT29-20.8 and SW480-74.6, respectively). In vitro, knockdown of IL8 or CXCR1 decreased proliferation 1.8-fold compared to the non-targeting controls. Similarly, in vivo xenografts of IL8 or CXCR1 knockdown cells showed 80% decreased tumor growth. UC-derived CCICs exposed to exogenous IL8 exhibited an increase in proliferation starting as early as 16 hrs. We also observed that IL8 treated cells showed a higher percentage of symmetric cellular divisions (68%) when compared to untreated cells (42%). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that IL8 potentiates proliferation and symmetric cell division, which is thought to be associated with tumorigenicity. This indicates that IL8 may contribute to the progression of colitis-associated cancer through a modulation of tumorigenic processes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1228. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1228
Laparoscopic-Assisted Appendicectomy (LAA): A Novel Advance on an Established Procedure
Authors: Z. Khan, R. Mofidi, H. P. Redmond
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Laparoscopic appendicectomy has been shown to be a safe alternative to open appendicectomy [1] [2] [3] . However some inherent disadvantages of this procedure have prohibited its universal acceptability [4]. We have devised a “two-port modified technique” (Figure [1]) for laparoscopic-assisted appendicectomy (LAA) which we believe addresses these problems.
Education Key to Treating Airway Disease
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Chicago—Only 1 in 3 patients who have dry powder inhalers use these products correctly, and many of these individuals never received adequate instruction on how to operate the devices, according to a study presented in October at CHEST 2007, the annual scientific meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians. The study was one of a handful of those presented at the meeting that emphasized the importance of education for cliniciansand theirpatients toensure that the latter receive appropriate and effective therapy. Other presentations included findings from a study on the prophylactic use of inhaled corticosteroids in rescue workers exposed to particulate matter at the World Trade Center site after the September 11, 2001, attacks and a survey indicating that many collegiate athletic programs do not follow clinical guidelines forasthmacare, especiallyprograms that do not have a pulmonologist on staff.
AR-42, a novel HDAC inhibitor, exhibits biologic activity against malignant mast cell lines via down-regulation of constitutively activated Kit
Authors: Tzu-Yin Lin, Joelle Fenger, Sridhar Murahari, Misty D. Bear, Samuel K. Kulp, Dasheng Wang, Ching-Shih Chen, William C. Kisseberth, Cheryl A. London
Journal: Blood (2010)
370 INTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY WITH 90YTTRIUM GLASS MICROSPHERES (THERASPHERE) FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: PROSPECTIVE VALIDATION OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN A EUROPEAN PILOT STUDY
Authors: J.M. Ertle, G. Antoch, M. Hamami, A. Bockisch, G. Gerken, P. Hilgard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Clinical Trial and Pharmacological Study of Compound 1029 ("Vatensol")
Authors: T. D. V. Lawrie, A. R. Lorimer, S. G. McAlpine, H. Reinert
Journal: BMJ (1964)

DiscussionThe trial has shown that compound 1003 will lower the blood-pressure in severe and moderately severe hypertensives to a good level of control in 58 % and to a moderate level of control in 34X ; 8% remain poorly controlled.Not enough mild hypertensives have been treated to comment on these.The response in the renal and malignant hypertensives is good.No significant rise in the blood urea occurred during treat- ment with 1003 alone, although, as with other hypotensive drugs, there was often a rise on adding polythiazide, which in some cases returned to previous levels, but in others remained elevated.Clinically, the actions and side-effects of 1003 are similar to --thogeof guanethidine, but in some cases it has proved effective where guanethidine has failed, and in others has produced fewer side-effects.In 64 % of the out-patients polythiazide was given in addition to 1003 to help control ; this figure is similar in our experience to that in treatment with guanethidine and methyldopa.Lack of energy was the most troublesome side-effect; diar- rhoea was also common initially, but was easily controlled with codeine phosphate and usually wore off with continued treat- ment.Postural and exertional dizziness and sexual symptoms occurred about as often as in guanethidine therapy.Nausea was troublesome in some patients but in only one case did the treatment have to be stopped because of it.There were two certain cases of drug reaction and a probable third out of 62 cases assessed.However, symptoms quickly settled on withdrawing the drug.The action of compound 1003 in depleting the hypothalamus and the adrenal medulla of pressor amines led us to look for any obvious differences from guanethidine in its mode of action in the clinical control of patients with hypertension; we found no very apparent difference, but attempts to correlate action in a particular area in the animal with the effect of lowering the blood-pressure in man are extremely difficult.At present this applies to most drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, since it is by no means clear which of their many pharmacological actions is responsible for lowering the blood-pressure.Compound 1003 has been shown to be a suitable drug for the treatment of patients with hypertension of moderate or severe degrees, whether associated with renal disease or not.Summary A trial is reported of a new hypotensive compound 1003 (" envacar ").In 62 cases it has been shown to provide good control in 58%, moderate control in 34%, and poor control in 8%.Most of the patients had severe hypertension, 50% had diastolic pressures of more than 140 mm., and 48% between 120 and 140 mm.The drug is effective in malignant hyper- tension and in hypertension associated with renal disease.In some cases it has been effective where other drugs have failed.Side-effects include lethargy, nausea, and diarrhoea.Our thanks are due to Pfizer Limited, Sandwich, Kent, for supplies of compound 1003.
Altered expression of fatty acid–metabolizing enzymes in aromatase-deficient mice
Authors: Yoshihisa Nemoto, Katsumi Toda, Masafumi Ono, Kiyomi Fujikawa-Adachi, Toshiji Saibara, Saburo Onishi, Hideaki Enzan, Teruhiko Okada, Yutaka Shizuta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hepatic steatosis is a frequent complication in nonobese patients with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen, a potent antagonist of estrogen. In addition, hepatic steatosis became evident spontaneously in the aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mouse, which lacks intrinsic estrogen production. These clinical and laboratory observations suggest that estrogen helps to maintain constitutive lipid metabolism. To clarify this hypothesis, we characterized the expression and activity in ArKO mouse liver of enzymes involved in peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Northern analysis showed reduced expression of mRNAs for very long fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enzymes required in fatty acid β-oxidation. In vitro assays of fatty acid β-oxidation activity using very long (C24:0), long (C16:0), or medium (C12:0) chain fatty acids as the substrates confirmed that the corresponding activities are also diminished. Impaired gene expression and enzyme activities of fatty acid β-oxidation were restored to the wild-type levels, and hepatic steatosis was substantially diminished in animals treated with 17β-estradiol. Wild-type and ArKO mice showed no difference in the binding activities of the hepatic nuclear extracts to a peroxisome proliferator response element. These findings demonstrate the pivotal role of estrogen in supporting constitutive hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid β-oxidation and in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis.
IκB kinase overcomes PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK to control FOXO3a activity in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nicolas Chapuis, Sophie Park, Laurent Leotoing, Jerome Tamburini, Frederique Verdier, Valerie Bardet, Alexa S. Green, Lise Willems, Fabrice Agou, Norbert Ifrah, François Dreyfus, Georges Bismuth, Veronique Baud, Catherine Lacombe, Patrick Mayeux, Didier Bouscary
Journal: Blood (2010)
Forensic psychiatrist wins case against her employer
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A consultant forensic psychiatrist at Broadmoor high security hospital who while on a crowded train discussed a medical report on a patient has won a ruling from the UK Supreme Court stopping her employers from convening a hearing that could result in her dismissal for gross misconduct.1

The UK’s highest court ordered West London Mental Health NHS Trust not to pursue allegations of breaches of confidentiality against Chhabra as matters of gross misconduct, potentially grounds for dismissal.

The court also barred the trust from pursuing any confidentiality concerns against her without first restarting and completing an independent investigation. The five judges …
Recent Contributions to Adolescent Medicine
Authors: J. Roswell Gallagher, Felix P. Heald, Robert P. Masland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

PancreatitisDoubilet and Mulholland59 believe that recurrent pancreatitis is caused by a dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi that allows bile to enter the pancreatic duct under tension and can be relieved by sphincterotomy. In their series of 319 patients who had recurrent pancreatitis and who were treated in this way there were only 3 under twenty-one years of age, which seems to support the general belief that the disorder is uncommon in this age group. However, a patient recently seen by one of us suggests the importance of keeping recurrent pancreatitis in mind when one is dealing with adolescents: . . .
Dysgranulopoiesis is an independent adverse prognostic factor in chronic myeloid disorders with an isolated interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q
Authors: D Chen, J D Hoyer, R P Ketterling, A Tefferi, D P Steensma, S G Holtan, R Santana-Davila, L F Porrata, G W Dewald, C A Hanson
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
The leak stops here: platelets as delivery vehicles for coagulation factors
Authors: K. A. High
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Gene therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of hemophilia, as continuous expression of donated clotting factor VIII (FVIII) DNA would ensure clotting factor replacement at constant circulating levels rather than at the peaks and troughs that characterize the current protein infusion therapeutic approach. In this issue of the JCI, Shi et al. describe an interesting variant of a gene transfer approach for hemophilia (see the related article beginning on page 1974). They show that targeted expression of FVIII in megakaryocytes, with storage in the alpha-granules of platelets, has the advantage of delivering clotting factors directly to the site of an injury, where platelets accumulate in large numbers and undergo activation accompanied by release of granule contents. Earlier clinical experience with gene transfer into hematopoietic cells highlighted the potential safety risks of this approach, but an F8 transgene may represent a lower risk than transgenes for growth factors or their receptors.
Six-month results of stenting following cutting balloon angioplasty in small coronary arteries: a randomized comparison with stenting following conventional balloon angioplasty
Authors: Hisashi Umeda, Toru Tajika, Yosuke Murase, Toshikazu Tanaka, Hirohumi Kanda, Ken Sawada, Masaki Yamauchi, Hirokazu Iwata, Hitoshi Ishihara, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Mitsunori Iwase
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
PWE-088 Abnormal Liver Function Tests Following use of Thiopurines in a Large Cohort of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients-Do TPMT Levels Matter?: Abstract PWE-088 Table
Authors: L Harrison, A Nelson, R Cole, T Bennett, G Abouda, S Sebastian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Thiopurine (azathioprine and 6 –Mercaptopurine (6MP)) use is one of the aetiologies for abnormal liver function tests in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Some studies report hepatotoxicity is associated with high levels of the 6-MP metabolite, 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6-MMPR). This may indicate that hepatotoxicity correlates with the level of thiopurine methyl transferase enzyme (TPMT) activity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of 6-MP/Azathioprine hepatotoxicity in a large cohort of IBD patients and to determine its correlation with serum TPMT levels in adult IBD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IBD initiated on thiopurines following TPMT assay were included and follow up data collected on development of abnormal liver function tests. We excluded patients who had abnormal LTs before initiation of AZT. We used Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) definitions to determine the grade of hepatic alterations : “Abnormality of LTs” defined as an increase in AST, ALT, AP, GGT, or total bilirubin between N (upper limit of the normal range) and 2 N. “Liver injury” (or “hepatotoxicity”) defined as an increase of over 2 N in the aforementioned LTs. Data was collected on demographic factors, concomitant medication use and additional factors favouring liver injury. TPMT levels were categorised as low, normal and high based on local laboratory reference standards. <h3>Results</h3> 311 IBD patients (249 Crohn’s disease, 53 ulcerative colitis and 9 undifferentiated) were included. The median age was 35 years (range, 14–86 years). Abnormal LTs developed in 66 (21.2%) of patients. Hepatotoxicity was noted in 29 (9.3%) of patients with 18 of these patients (6%) needing to stop thiopurines. None of the patients with high TPMT developed abnormal LTs or hepatotoxicity. 27 of the 29 patients with hepatotoxicity had normal TPMT levels and remaining 2 had low TPMT levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Abnormal liver tests following initiation of thioprines occur in a relatively high proportion of patients, but the development of hepatotoxicity necessitating treatment cessation occurs only in 6% of cases even in the era of concomitant anti-TNF therapy. Pre treatment TPMT levels do not appear to have an impact on the probability of development of hepatotoxicity. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.