tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of tuberculosis, hepatitis, brucellosis, and shigellosis in British medical laboratory workers.
Authors: J M Harrington, H S Shannon
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A retrospective postal survey of 21 000 medical laboratory workers in England and Wales showed 18 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1971, a five-times increased risk of acquiring the disease compared with the general population. Technicians were at greatest risk, especially if they worked in morbid anatomy departments. Of the 35 cases of hepatitis, the technicians were again the occupational group most likely to acquire the disease. Microbiology staff were twice as likely to report shigellosis as those in other pathology divisions but only one case of brucellosis was reported in the whole laboratory population. A similar survey carried out in 1973 of 3000 Scottish medical laboratory workers corroborates the results from England and Wales. Medical laboratory workers continue to experience a considerable risk of developing an occupationally acquired infection. Improvements in staff safety and health care seem to be necessary.
A variant 8;21 translocation in acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Nobuo Oguma, Shinichi Misawa, Joseph R. Testa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A three‐way rearrangement involving chromosomes 1, 8, and 21 was observed in bone marrow cells from a female with acute myeloblastic leukemia, subtype M2 (AML‐M2). The translocation break points in chromosomes 8 and 21 were identical to those found in the standard t(8;21) that is associated with this disease type. A review of this and four previously reported cases involving variant 8;21 translocations indicates that a consistent pattern of exchange may be involved in these complex rearrangements even though the third chromosome affected may differ.
Complex disease genetics: present and future translational applications
Authors: Michael V Holmes, Sonia H Shah, Aspasia Angelakopoulou, Tauseef Khan, Daniel Swerdlow, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Reecha Sofat, Tina Shah
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

A report on the British Atherosclerosis Society autumn meeting 'Genetics of Complex Diseases', Cambridge, UK, 17-18 September 2009.
Blood Glucose Measurement with Dextrostix and New Reflectance Meter
Authors: B. Schersten, C. Kuhl, A. Hollender, R. Ekman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A new instrument, Eyetone, has been produced for use with a Dextrostix reagent strip for estimating blood sugar levels. It differs from the Dextrostix Reflectance Meter in having only one meter scale, a two-point calibration, and a range of measurement limited to 10-400 mg/100 ml. Results with the manufacturers9 original calibration were unsatisfactory, but when recalibrated the performance of the instrument gave a regression equation line close to the ideal. The three Eyetone instruments tested were comparable in their accuracy and functional stability. Packed cell volumes in the blood samples in the range of 30-50% had a negligible effect on the results. The Dextrostix-Eyetone method represents a quick and reliable alternative to conventional laboratory methods for blood sugar estimation. It is especially useful for patients outside hospital.
Clinical Importance of Lactase Deficiency
Authors: Albert D. Newcomer, Douglas B. McGill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Yogurt lovers will be delighted with the intriguing report by Kolars et al. in this issue of the Journal.1 The authors studied 10 healthy young persons who had lactase deficiency and showed that absorption of 18 g of lactose in yogurt was about 66 per cent better than that of an equivalent amount of lactose in milk. When yogurt was heated to body temperature and sonicated and its pH was raised to neutrality, bacterial lactase was activated; this in vitro effect was demonstrated in duodenal aspirates. Therefore, yogurt was found to "autodigest" lactose — that is, bacterial lactase substitutes . . .
Update: pituitary tumor regression with bromocriptine therapy
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The word is out in Britain and spreading elsewhere: Bromocriptine reduces jumbo prolactinomas to manageable size. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration still recommends use of the synthetic ergot alkaloid, a dopamine agonist, only for lowering serum prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic patients with no demonstrable prolactinomas (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 242:401, 402, 407-409, 1979). American clinicians generally have used the agent only as a last resort in treating large pituitary tumors, after surgical debulking and external megavoltage irradiation (both notoriously noncurative) have failed. But, like British endocrinologists, American physicians may gradually be coming to regard bromocriptine as the treatment of choice for some of these hardy neoplasms. The most recent British research was reported at a satellite meeting of the Sixth International Congress of Endocrinology in Adelaide, Australia, last February. At that meeting, Alan M. McGregor, MB, MRCP, of Cardiff, Wales, reported tumor regression in 12 of
1154 PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A ACHIEVES HIGHER EARLY VIROLOGICAL RESPONSES (RVR AND CEVR) THAN PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2B IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS (RCT)
Authors: M. Romero-Gömez, R. Planas, R. Solà, J. Garcìa-Samaniego, M. Diago, J. Crespo, J.L. Calleja, J. Turnes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Anatomic Substrate for Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ranjan K. Thakur, George J. Klein, Chittur A. Sivaram, Marco Zardini, David E. Schleinkofer, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Raymond Yee, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) characterized by QRS complexes with right bundle-branch block (RBBB) morphology and left axis deviation is a distinct clinical syndrome that also demonstrates a characteristic response to verapamil and inducibility from the atrium in patients without structural heart disease. A false tendon has been described in the left ventricle in a patient with ILVT in whom surgical resection of the false tendon resulted in cure. We hypothesized that the false tendon is responsible for the genesis of similar ventricular tachycardia (VT) in others.We performed transthoracic (TTE) and/or transesophageal (TEE) two-dimensional echocardiograms in 15 patients undergoing catheter ablation for ILVT. There were 12 men and 3 women (mean age, 31 +/- 12 years, with average symptom duration of 11 +/- 9 years). The mean VT cycle length was 360 +/- 70 ms, and all had RBBB morphology with left axis deviation. Cardiac chamber sizes, left ventricular wall thickness, and wall motion were normal in all ILVT patients. TTE and/or TEE demonstrated a false tendon extending from the posteroinferior left ventricular free wall to the left ventricular septum in all ILVT patients. The false tendons were thick (> or = 2 mm maximal thickness) in 5 patients and thin (< 2 mm maximal thickness) in 10 patients. We compared ILVT patients with a control group of 671 consecutive patients referred for echocardiography for other reasons. The mean age for the control group was 42 years. A false tendon was seen in the left ventricle in 34 of 671 (5%). In the control group patients with a false tendon, 2 patients had a history of VT (left bundle-branch block morphology) and 1 had ventricular fibrillation. The false tendons in the control patients were also oriented transversely across the ventricular cavity but were somewhat thinner (< 2 mm maximal thickness in 32 of 34 patients). Catheter ablation with the use of radiofrequency and/or direct current applied to the posteroapical septum resulted in cure in 14 of 15 patients.A false tendon extending from the posteroinferior left ventricle to the septum is a consistent finding in patients with ILVT and probably is responsible for this unique arrhythmia. The mechanism by which the false tendon precipitates tachycardia is speculative, but possibilities include conduction through the false tendon or by producing stretch in the Purkinje fiber network on the interventricular septum.
THE EFFECT OF SEX HORMONES ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES
Authors: George W. Thorn, Lewis L. Engel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

In normal male dogs subcutaneous injections of progesterone, estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate were followed by a decreased renal excretion of sodium and chloride. The compounds differed markedly in their potency and in the duration of the effect following a single subcutaneous injection. The injection of estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate was followed by a decreased renal excretion of inorganic phosphorus and total nitrogen. On the day of injection a slight increase in the renal excretion of potassium frequently followed administration of progesterone, estrone, alpha-estradiol or testosterone propionate. Experiments on suprarenalectomized dogs indicated that the effect of the sex hormones on the renal excretion of electrolytes was not necessarily mediated through the suprarenal gland. With the possible exception of progesterone none of the compounds studied was effective in prolonging the life of suprarenalectomized male dogs.
Implicit and explicit representations of visual space
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The visual system captures a unique contrast between implicit and explicit representation where the same event (location of a visible object) is coded in both ways in parallel. A method of differentiating the two representations is described using an illusion that affects only the explicit representation. Consistent with predictions, implicit information is available only from targets presently visible, but, surprisingly, a two-alternative decision does not disturb the implicit representation.
Endoanal Ultrasound-Guided Surgery for Anal Fistula
Authors: C. Ratto, E. Grillo, A. Parello, G. Costamagna, G. B. Doglietto
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Outcomes following surgical treatment of patients with anal fistula are related to eradication of tracts and the internal opening. In this study, the results of surgery based on endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) findings were evaluated. Patients and Methods: A total of 102 patients with primary cryptogenetic anal fistula were prospectively examined with EAUS, using a 360-degree rotating 10-MHz probe, equipped with a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system. Injection of hydrogen peroxide through the external opening was also used. Patients underwent operation on the basis of the EAUS findings. The agreement between findings from EAUS and from surgery was calculated. Clinical results were reported as treatment success, fistula recurrence, and fecal incontinence. Results: Amongst 102 patients, the overall concordance between EAUS and surgical findings was 94.1 % for primary tracts, 91.2 % for internal openings, 96.1 % for secondary tracts, 100 % for abscesses, and 96.1 % for horseshoe tracts. Diagnostic accuracy was improved when hydrogen peroxide injection or 3-D imaging were used. Fistulotomy was performed in 46 patients (45.1 %), fistulectomy in 17 (16.7 %), fistulotomy plus seton placement in 19 (18.6 %), fistulectomy plus seton in 18 (17.6 %), and mucosal flap advancement in 2 (2.0 %). The operation was curative in 100 patients (98.0 %), and unsuccessful in 2 (2.0 %) due to recurrence of the fistula. Fecal continence was preserved in all patients. Conclusions: These data highlight the diagnostic accuracy of EAUS, particularly when hydrogen peroxide injection or 3-D imaging are used. Basing our surgical decision making on EAUS findings allowed us to carry out curative operations in a significantly large number of patients; the recurrence rate was very low. The accurate EAUS assessment of the relationship between fistulas and sphincters has been the main factor in choosing a sphincter-saving surgical procedure, avoiding fecal incontinence.
1079-84 Utility of routine functional testing after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Results from the ROSETTA-CABG study
Authors: Mark J Eisenberg, Karen Okrainec, Karen Wou, Hiep Nguyen, Robert Duerr, Dominique Fourchy, Michael Del Core, Ellis Lader, Thao Hunyh, Louise Pilote
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy in Patients with the Eisenmenger Syndrome
Authors: JULIO SANDOVAL, JANET S. AGUIRRE, TOMÁS PULIDO, MARIA LUISA MARTINEZ-GUERRA, EFRÉN SANTOS, PEDRO ALVARADO, MARTIN ROSAS, EDGAR BAUTISTA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Safety, efficacy, and molecular mechanism of claudin-1-specific peptides to enhance blood–nerve–barrier permeability
Authors: Reine-Solange Sauer, Susanne M. Krug, Dagmar Hackel, Christian Staat, Natalia Konasin, Shaobing Yang, Benedikt Niedermirtl, Judith Bosten, Ramona Günther, Sebastian Dabrowski, Kathrin Doppler, Claudia Sommer, Ingolf E. Blasig, Alexander Brack, Heike L. Rittner
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Hypertension Research: A Memoir 1920-1960
Authors: Susan Barker
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This monograph is Dr Irvine Page's personal view of the notable accomplishments and individuals in the field of hypertension research, from the beginning of his own career in the 1920s, when hypertension was linked to chronic infection and there was little interest in investigating its pathophysiology, to the 1960s, when the emphasis of hypertension research became pharmacologic therapy and large clinical trials. This is not an objective history but a distinctly personal overview of developments that laid the groundwork for work done in the 1970s and 1980s.  Looking back to the more distant past, Page remarks, It is an interesting commentary on how little interest was shown in arterial hypertension in the early part of this century that although many observations clearly offered important leads, none of them were followed (p 44). In the early 1920s, the prevailing theory was that hypertension was hereditary or a manifestation of neurocirculatory asthenia
Comparative Biomarker Analysis in 523 Matched Male and Female Breast Cancers.
Authors: V. Speirs, E. Verghese, R. Brannan, G. Reall, A. Hanby, S. Pollock, H. Honarpisheh, R. Kanthan, S. Kanthan, M. Litwiniuk, M. Mottolese, S. Shousa, M. Stephens, J. Dent, A. Shaaban
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Incidence rates of male breast cancer (MBC) are rising. MBC etiology is poorly understood with most of our current knowledge regarding its biology, natural history and treatment extrapolated from our knowledge of female breast cancer (FBC). Retrospective studies on MBC have suffered from small numbers of cases available from any one centre thus a significant problem in studying this disease is accruing sufficiently large numbers to allow comparative analysis of possible prognostic markers. Using a co-ordinated multi-centre approach, the aim of this study was to conduct the first large scale study to address the relevance of the expression of recognised biomarkers in FBC in the same disease in males. Five hundred and twenty three cases were obtained retrospectively and assimilated into TMAs, including 260 MBCs and 263 cases of stage-matched FBCs. MBC comprised 21 grade 1, 121 grade 2, 68 grade 3, 50 unknown, mean age 67 (range 39-90) with 167 ductal, 4 lobular, 10 papillary, 10, mucinous, 4 DCIS, 1 mixed and 64 unknown. FBC comprised 29 grade 1, 140 grade 2, 94 grade, mean age 58 (range 27-92) with 220 ductal, 23 lobular, 14 mixed and 6 unknown. Four µm TMA sections were analysed using the following biomarkers: hormone receptors (ERα, ERβ1, ERβ2, ERβ5, total PR, PRA, PRB, AR), apoptosis markers (p53, bcl2), basal (CK5/6, CK14) and luminal epithelial markers (CK18, CK19), E-cadherin and HER2. Biomarkers were scored according to published criteria; for ERβ isoforms both nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was determined Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. Luminal A (ERα+, and/or PR+, HER2-) was seen in 93% of MBC vs. 84% of FBC, Luminal B (ERα+, and/or PR+, HER2+) or HER2 subgroup (ERα-, PR-, HER2+) was not seen in MBC but found in 6% and 2% of FBC, respectively. Basal-like tumours (ERα-, PR-, HER2-, CK5/6+) were infrequent (MBC 2%, FBC 1%) and in MBC these tumours also expressed ERβ isoforms. No differences were observed in grade, stage or LN status between genders. Univariate analysis showed ERα, ERβ1, ERβ5, PRA, AR, p53 were significantly associated with FBC while cytoplasmic ERβ2, bcl2 and e-cadherin were associated with MBC (all P&amp;lt;0.001). Although membranous HER2 was not seen in MBC, many cases displayed nuclear staining. Biomarker profile with respect to clinical outcome is on-going. This work has shown the luminal A phenotype is common in MBC and that gender-specific biomarkers are expressed. As MBC is becoming more common, this information may be useful in identifying biomarkers which might affect outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2109.
CORRELATION BETWEEN POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY STRESS MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW AND VENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIA OR DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Saima Karim, Todd M. Rosenthal, Freddy M. Abi-Samra, Michael L. Bernard, Sammy Khatib, Glenn M. Polin, Robert M. Bober, Daniel P. Morin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Modulation of calcium currents by a D1 dopaminergic protein kinase/phosphatase cascade in rat neostriatal neurons
Authors: D.James Surmeier, Jose Bargas, Hugh C Hemmings, Angus C Nairn, Paul Greengard
Journal: Neuron (1995)

In rat neostriatal neurons, D1 dopamine receptors regulate the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The influence of these signaling elements on high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium currents was studied using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. The application of D1 agonists or cyclic AMP analogs reversibly reduced N- and P-type Ca2+ currents. Inhibition of PKA antagonized this modulation, as did inhibition of PP1, suggesting that the D1 effect was mediated by a PKA enhancement of PP1 activity directed toward Ca2+ channels. In a subset of neurons, D1 receptor-mediated activation of PKA enhanced L-type currents. The differential regulation of HVA currents by the D1 pathway helps to explain the diversity of effects this pathway has on synaptic integration and plasticity in medium spiny neurons.
TRAUMATIC IRIDODIALYSIS WITH COMPLETE REATTACHMENT OF THE IRIS
Authors: Abraham Shedlov
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Cases of iridodialysis with complete reattachment of the iris are of such rarity that, a report of such a case is of interest. E. J., a man, aged 24, while operating a power saw, Sept. 3, 1924, was struck in the right eye by a flying knot. Loss of vision was temporarily complete. I saw him within two hours after the accident. There was an abrasion over the bridge of the nose, where the knot had evidently struck first. Examination of the eyeball showed an extensive iridodialysis in the lower periphery, of from 4 to 5 mm. in extent. The pupil was egg shaped. There was no hyphemia. The conjunctiva was unbroken, although the injection of the blood vessels was quite marked. At the first examination, vision was hazy; the patient was able to count fingers, but was unable to read beyond the largest type on the test card. Pain
Functional versus real space: Is pictorialism hopeless?
Authors: Verena Gottschling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Pylyshyn raises hot topics like the number and kinds of pictorialist theories there are and their explanatory power. Pylyshyn states that pictorialists have only two possibilities – they can posit either “only functional” images or “really spatial” images – and that neither of these possibilities is convincing or sufficient in explanatory power for empirical and theoretical reasons. Is pictorialism, in principle, untenable?
Pulmonary Complications of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: John F. Murray, Charles P. Felton, Stuart M. Garay, Michael S. Gottlieb, Philip C. Hopewell, Diane E. Stover, Alvin S. Teirstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Under the sponsorship of the Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, a two-day workshop on the pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was held in Bethesda, Md., on October 13 and 14, 1983. The meeting was organized to bring together representatives from six institutions who had had considerable experience with AIDS and who had agreed to share their findings. The purposes of the workshop were threefold: (1) to collate and analyze the experience from the six centers concerning the types and incidence of the pulmonary complications of AIDS, how to diagnose, treat, . . .
Nonfatal and Fatal Firearm Injuries in a Rural County
Authors: Laura S. Sadowski
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To measure the incidence of fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries in a rural setting. <h3>Design.</h3> —A prospective, population-based surveillance system using information from medical and legal records, newspapers, and members of the community. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A rural county in North Carolina. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Incidence rates and case-fatality ratios (fatal:nonfatal). <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 114 firearm injuries detected by the surveillance system from January 1,1990, through December 31,1991, nearly two thirds were nonfatal. The overall age-adjusted annual incidence of firearm injuries was 66.4 per 100000 population, and the incidence of nonfatal firearm injuries was 41.2 per 100000 population. Subgroup annual incidence rates were greatest for African Americans. The overall case-fatality ratio was 1:1.8 (fatal:nonfatal). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Incidence rates and case-fatality ratios for firearm injury in this rural setting were greater than expected, based on national estimates, perhaps because of greater proportions of rifle injuries and self-inflicted injuries. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1762-1764)
Therapeutic Factors in Survival after Lethal Cholinesterase Inhibition by Phosphorus Insecticides
Authors: Gustave Freeman, Marvin A. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE purpose of this paper is to acquaint the clinician with the intoxication produced by some of the commonly used phosphate insecticides, the material being based on a survey of the severe and fatal cases that have occurred since their use was introduced several years ago.Accidental poisoning with organic phosphoric acid esters has been of profound interest in these laboratories since it was learned in 1946 that the Germans had adapted such compounds to military use in the form of highly toxic, volatile and almost odorless nerve gases. Similarities in biologic effects and chemical structure between these insecticides and . . .