tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
USE OF A STANDARD CLASSIFIED NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASE
Authors: Henry A. Christian
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —Recently there has been published a new classified nomenclature of disease. This was prepared under the supervision of physicians representing practically all the national medical organizations of the United States, and so is both authoritative and generally acceptable. It is the last word in nomenclature. But why, it may be said, is there a need for a classified nomenclature of disease? What use is it?  Without some such book of nomenclature, a patient's disease may be recorded as one of several diagnoses. This brings confusion when an attempt is made to gather together from a personal or a hospital file a group of cases of the same disease, for one does not know where to look for all of them among the index cards. One member of the staff uses a given diagnosis, another a different one. The same patient returning for several admissions, always having the
Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: structure and ultrastructure of subendocardial regions in which tachycardia originates.
Authors: J J Fenoglio, T D Pham, A H Harken, L N Horowitz, M E Josephson, A L Wit
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Surgical resection of the endocardium and subendocardium often abolishes chronic recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with healed myocardial infarcts or ventricular aneurysms, presumably by interrupting the reentrant pathway. To define the morphologic characteristics of cells in the reentrant pathway, we studied the histology and ultrastructure of the endocardial resections of 23 patients who underwent this procedure. Bundles of apparently viable myocardial fibers embedded in dense fibrous tissue were identified throughout the endocardial resections from all patients. These bundles of cells were separated from one another by fibrous tissue but extended uninterrupted to the margins of the surgical resection. In 14 patients Purkinje fibers were identified beneath the thickened endocardium whereas the remaining bundles were composed of ventricular muscle. The Purkinje fibers appeared to have normal ultrastructure and ventricular cells with both normal and abnormal ultrastructures were present. The abnormal muscle cells were characterized by loss of contractile elements, aggregates of dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and osmiophilic dense bodies. The sarcolemma was intact and the nuclear chromatin was evenly dispersed suggesting that these cells were still viable. The abnormal structure and arrangement of the surviving cardiac fibers in the endocardium may cause the abnormal electrophysiologic function that results in ventricular tachycardia.
The role of gap junctions in stretch-induced atrial fibrillation
Authors: N. Ueda, M. Yamamoto, H. Honjo, I. Kodama, K. Kamiya
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gap junctions in atrial fibrillation (AF) by analysing the effects of a gap junction enhancer and blocker on AF vulnerability and electrophysiological properties of isolated hearts.The acute atrial stretch model of AF in the isolated rabbit heart was used. Sustained AF (SAF) was induced by a burst of high-frequency stimulation of the Bachmann's bundle. The effective refractory period (ERP) was measured, and the total conduction time (TCT) and the pattern of conduction of the anterior surface of the left atrium were monitored by using an optical mapping system. The effect of enhancing gap junction function by 100-1000 nM rotigaptide (ZP123) and block by 30 μM carbenoxolone on these parameters was measured. SAF inducibility was increased with an elevation of intra-atrial pressure. Enhanced gap junction conductance induced by treatment with 100-1000 nM rotigaptide reduced SAF inducibility, and the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone increased SAF inducibility. In the absence of gap junction enhancer or blocker, normal conduction was observed at 0 cmH2O. When intra-atrial pressure was raised to 12 cmH2O, the conduction pattern was changed to a heterogeneous zig-zag pattern and TCT was prolonged. Conduction pattern was not affected by either agent. Rotigaptide shortened TCT, whereas carbenoxolone prolonged TCT. ERP was significantly shortened with an increase in intra-atrial pressure, but ERP was unaffected by either agent.Gap junction modulators changed AF inducibility through their effects on atrial conduction, not by altering ERP.
Endogenous Ligand of α <sub>1</sub> Sodium Pump, Marinobufagenin, Is a Novel Mediator of Sodium Chloride–Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Olga V. Fedorova, Mark I. Talan, Natalia I. Agalakova, Edward G. Lakatta, Alexei Y. Bagrov
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Digitalis-like sodium pump ligands (SPLs) effect natriuresis via inhibition of renal tubular Na + ,K + -ATPase but may induce vasoconstriction. The present study investigated the potential roles of 2 putative endogenous SPLs, an ouabain-like compound (OLC) and an α 1 Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibitor, marinobufagenin (MBG), in regulating natriuresis and blood pressure (BP) responses to sustained and acute NaCl loading in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS). Methods and Results — During 4 weeks of an 8% NaCl diet, DS exhibited a progressive increase in MBG renal excretion (66±13 pmol/24 hours at week 4 versus 11±1 pmol/24 hours at baseline, n=48), which paralleled an increase in systolic BP (174±10 mm Hg at week 4 versus 110±2 mm Hg at baseline). By contrast, OLC excretion peaked at week 1 and returned to baseline levels. Administration of an anti-MBG, but not anti-ouabain antibody, to DS after 3 weeks of a high NaCl diet lowered BP (139±7 versus 175±5 mm Hg, P &lt;0.001, n=5). Acute NaCl loading (2 hours) of DS (n=5) increased MBG and OLC excretion and natriuresis. Pretreatment of acutely NaCl-loaded DS with an anti-MBG antibody (n=5) reduced the excretion of sodium and MBG but not that of OLC. An anti-ouabain antibody (n=5) reduced sodium excretion and both OLC and MBG. Conclusions — An initial transient stimulation of OLC induced by NaCl loading of DS precedes an MBG response. A sustained increase in MBG production in DS contributes to the chronic BP elevation induced by a sustained high NaCl intake.
Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children
Authors: Markus Johannes Ege, Christian Bieli, Remo Frei, Robert Theodoor van Strien, Josef Riedler, Ellen Üblagger, Dieneke Schram-Bijkerk, Bert Brunekreef, Marianne van Hage, Annika Scheynius, Göran Pershagen, Marcus R. Benz, Roger Lauener, Erika von Mutius, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Modification of Salt Taste
Authors: GARY K. BEAUCHAMP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Salt appetite and sodium intake in humans are controlled in part by taste. A distinction can be drawn between salt appetite that occurs when the organism is sodium deficient (in need) and when the organism has sufficient sodium stores (non-need) but continues to ingest salt. Although the latter case is most relevant to human sodium consumption, little is known about its physiologic, developmental, and experiential bases. Recent studies show that changes in dietary sodium consumption are followed by taste changes. Moderate decreases in dietary sodium of 2 months or more are followed by a decrease in the concentration of salt in food judged most pleasant.
Mathematical models for exploring different aspects of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity databases.
Authors: R Benigni, A Giuliani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

One great obstacle to understanding and using the information contained in the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity databases is the very size of such databases. Their vastness makes them difficult to read; this leads to inadequate exploitation of the information, which becomes costly in terms of time, labor, and money. In its search for adequate approaches to the problem, the scientific community has, curiously, almost entirely neglected an existent series of very powerful methods of data analysis: the multivariate data analysis techniques. These methods were specifically designed for exploring large data sets. This paper presents the multivariate techniques and reports a number of applications to genotoxicity problems. These studies show how biology and mathematical modeling can be combined and how successful this combination is.
Healing Powers: Alternative Medicine, Spiritual Communities, and the State
Authors: Jeffrey Michael Clair
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although many physicians are concerned about the technical expertise and wisdom of unconventional health care practitioners, the American health-care— seeking population consider such providers to be legitimate. In fact, the estimated 425 million annual visits to providers of unconventional therapy exceed the 388 million annual visits to all US primary care physicians.<sup>1</sup> Although we should not miss the point that the unconventional, alternative, or unorthodox medical care idea threatens physicians' claims to exclusive expertise about the range of patient care problems, Frohock goes beyond the often irreconcilable differences between scientific biomedicine and alternative care by clarifying the social and legal dilemmas they present. He deals with one of the most persistent conflicts in medicine today: whether unconventional beliefs on health, healing, and therapy that are not in conformity with the standards of the medical community ought to be subject to state regulations. These are especially problematic when lives are
Factor V Q 506 mutation in children with thrombosis
Authors: Aytemiz Gurgey, Lutfiye Mesci, Yavuz Renda, Lale Olcay, Nurten Kocak, Gulsen Erdem
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The factor V Leiden mutation in 12 children with thrombosis and in 20 controls was investigated. Five heterozygous individuals and 1 homozygous individual among the cases with thrombosis and 1 heterozygous individual among controls were found. Central nervous system thromboses were increased in children with the factor V mutation, associated with protein S deficiency. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
IMPACT OF POTASSIUM CHANNEL GENE MUTATIONS ON OCCURRENCE OF LONE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Kenshi Hayashi, Hidekazu Ino, Noboru Fujino, Tetsuo Konno, Toyonobu Tsuda, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Role of vagal neuropathy in the hyponatraemia of alcoholic cirrhosis.
Authors: G Decaux, P Cauchie, A Soupart, M Kruger, F Delwiche
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The hyponatraemia common in decompensated cirrhosis arises in part from secretion of antidiuretic hormone attributed to a decrease in effective blood volume. Baroreceptors send inhibitory impulses to the midbrain and hypothalamus through the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Since vagal neuropathy often occurs in chronic alcoholism, this might theoretically contribute to the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which might in turn induce hyponatraemia. In a prospective study including 34 patients with cirrhosis a high incidence of vagal neuropathy was found in the alcoholics (64%) and a clear cut increase in the incidence of hyponatraemia in patients with evidence of vagal damage and ascites (seven of eight patients (88%); p = 0.02). Results of a retrospective study of 64 patients with cirrhosis and ascitic decompensation showed hyponatraemia in 17 (50%) of 34 alcoholics but in only four (13%) of 30 patients with non-alcoholic disease (p = 0.006). Vagal neuropathy in alcoholic cirrhosis may contribute to the low serum sodium concentrations commonly found in these patients.
O51 THE RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN RACK1 IS REQUIRED FOR IRES-MEDIATED TRANSLATION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INDEPENDENTLY OF miR122
Authors: M.L. Haflrassou, K. Majzoub, S. Marzi, E. Crouchet, J.-L. Imler, T.F. Baumert, C. Schuster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Taenia in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Wen-Shen Liao, Ming Jong Bair
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A healthy 60-year-old woman presented with hematemesis and melena, which she had had for 1 day. Her physical examination was unremarkable, as were the results of routine blood tests. On upper gastroduodenal endoscopy, a tapeworm was seen, along with multiple erosions and active bleeding from ulcers in the stomach and duodenum. She did not use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori was not found. After treatment with praziquantel and a proton-pump inhibitor, the bleeding resolved. One year later, she presented with intermittent epigastric pain, which she reported having had for several months. Again, a tapeworm was seen on upper gastroduodenal . . .
805-5 Asymmetric dimethylarginine impairs angiogenesis and limb perfusion in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: Johannes Jacobi, Karsten Sydow, Georges von Degenfeld, Ying Zhang, Bingyin Wang, Hayan Dayoub, Ken Y Lin, Andrew J Patterson, Masumi Kimoto, Helen M Blau, John P Cooke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Last Words of Ambrose Bierce
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The coruscating etchings of your editorialists on medical styles of writing have outdone Strunk and White, but ignored the tempi of Fowler. They have not attacked the simple meanings of words. A few years ago, while resting on the highlands outside Guanajuato, the blowing wind uncovered the skeleton of a hand, clutching a sheaf of yellowed papers. Dumbstruck, I seized the fragments, while the desiccated phalanges, pulverized by time, melted into the winds of St. Michael of Allende. Not until I had deciphered the crumbling scraps did I realize that the hand had been that of Ambrose Bierce, holding the last of his dictionary out to posterity. With great humility, and respect for this artist of the reverent word, I present these items of Bierce to the medical world: <h3>Bruisability:—</h3> The manly art of hanging one on an old friend, thereafter former, and a new enemy. <h3>Extrapolation:—</h3>
Positron Emission Tomography for Lymphoma Staging: Tissue Remains the Issue
Authors: Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Armando Filie, James Reynolds, Richard Chang, Catherine Chow, David S. Schrump, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Anthony F. Suffredini, Richard W. Childs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)
Robs Me of That Which Not Enriches Him
Authors: Bencel L. Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I state that this is not a new disease? Dermatologists have been treating this condition for years. I would refer the author to Sutton's<i>Diseases of the Skin</i>, page 1151, which describes the benign fibromas seen in adenoma sebaceum ( Pringle's disease). As a matter of fact, I can supply excellent photographs of my own cases, if desired.
Introduction of Metoprolol Increases Plasma B-Type Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in Mild, Stable Heart Failure
Authors: Mark E. Davis, A. Mark Richards, M. Gary Nicholls, Timothy G. Yandle, Christopher M. Frampton, Richard W. Troughton
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The effect of beta-blockade on the cardiac natriuretic peptides is poorly understood but could contribute to their beneficial treatment effect and may be relevant to clinical use of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) measurements in risk stratification and in titration of anti-heart failure therapy.Sixteen men with mild, stable heart failure (NYHA class II to III; left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) underwent serial blood sampling for plasma natriuretic peptide levels and received infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and BNP before and 6 weeks after the introduction and uptitration of metoprolol or 6 weeks unchanged therapy in a randomized, parallel-group design. Plasma natriuretic peptides (BNP, NTproBNP, ANP, and NTproANP) were increased by metoprolol (P<0.01 for all). The natriuretic responses to ANP and BNP infusions were sustained with the introduction of metoprolol despite reduced renal perfusion pressure. The levels of the noninfused natriuretic peptide were increased by both ANP and BNP infusions, and this effect was enhanced by metoprolol. The early plasma half-life (t(1/2)alpha) of BNP was prolonged by metoprolol (5.6+/-0.45 to 11+/-1.3 versus 5.7+/-0.8 to 6.6+/-1.3 minutes in control subjects; P=0.019).Plasma cardiac natriuretic peptide levels increase significantly with the introduction of metoprolol in heart failure as a result of effects on secretion and clearance. Natriuretic responses to NP infusions are sustained with beta-blockade despite reduced renal perfusion pressure. Clinicians should be aware that the introduction of metoprolol causes a rise in plasma BNP/NTproBNP that is unrelated to deterioration in clinical status and must be considered when measurements are undertaken for risk stratification or titration of treatment.
Background on health effects of acid aerosols.
Authors: M Lippmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This introduction to the 1987 NIEHS-EPA Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols reviews the state of our knowledge on this topic as of the close of the 1984 NIEHS Conference on the Health Effects of Acid Precipitation (Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 63) and the results of some key studies completed since that time. These studies, together with the results of the studies presented in the papers that follow, provide a substantial increment in our knowledge of the health effects of acid aerosols.
The role of effectively treated chronic hepatitis C infection in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tugrul Purnak
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

I read with great interest the article by Arase et al.1 I have some concerns regarding the design of the study. First, as the authors mentioned in their article, type 2 diabetes development might be affected by several factors which include various clinical and genetic parameters. We know from both the Botnia and Malmö feasibility studies that the best clinical predictors for future diabetes are current smoking status; family history of diabetes, hypertension, and increased body mass index (BMI); and increased triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-I, and liver enzyme levels.2, 3, 4 In the baseline patient characteristics, we could only find triglyceride, baseline liver enzyme levels, baseline hypertension values and BMI. Other important factors such as family history of diabetes, smoking status, and hypertension history were not known. In this situation, I believe we cannot clearly understand how the effective treatment of chronic viral hepatitis C prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus without knowing the above factors. Second, after termination of antiviral therapy, the authors followed the patients once a month or at every 3 months for liver disease progression and the development of type 2 diabetes. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.4 years in the study. During this time, I also would like to know how much the patients' BMI, which may contribute to or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes, changed during follow-up. In conclusion, I would like to ask the authors whether they can reveal some new data about the patient characteristics and follow-up, which may provide more clear results for the study. Tugrul Purnak M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
Blood "Cortisol" Levels From Spironolactone
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The recent report of Greenblatt and Koch-Weser 1 describing gynecomastia and impotence as complications of spironolactone therapy reminded us of a patient with another endocrine complication.  In a 40-year-old man with progressive anasarca for two months, investigations suggested a diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy with passive congestion of the liver. A plasma cortisol level was obtained because of truncal obesity, abdominal striae, and impaired glucose tolerance. Plasma cortisol levels of 212 to 600μg/100 ml were reported (normal values 7-27). The patient had been receiving as much as 400 mg of spironolactone a day. The plasma cortisol concentrations were performed by the Mattingly method. Urinary steroid excretion was normal.  The spurious elevation of plasma cortisol levels as determined by the Mattingly method in patients treated with spironolactone has been well established. 2,3 Awareness of this complication will prevent unnecessary investigation of abnormally elevated plasma cortisol. Wood et al 3
Autologous Blood Donation for Elective Surgery
Authors: Jay Wasman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The hospital records of 69 autologous blood donors undergoing elective surgical procedures and those of matched controls were reviewed in an effort to assess whether autologous blood donation altered physician transfusion behavior. Physicians tolerated significantly lower admission (0.372 vs 0.437 [37.2% vs 43.7%]), nadir (0.304 vs 0.334 [30.4% vs 33.4%]), and discharge (0.326 vs 0.358 [32.6% vs 35.8%]) hematocrits in patients with autologous blood predeposits compared with matched controls. Additionally, 44 patients undergoing orthopedic procedures stored insufficient blood to prevent homologous blood exposure; ten of 17 patients could have avoided homologous blood if 4 U of autologous blood had been stored. Twenty-five patients undergoing nonorthopedic procedures stored an insufficient volume of blood to satisfy an unexpected transfusion need but were given transfusions of more than needed amounts of their own blood when transfusion was not clinically indicated. Future studies designed to maximize procurement of autologous blood are needed; a salutary effect on physician transfusion behavior would then be coupled with an autologous blood inventory that could eliminate homologous blood exposure in these patients.
Reviews and Notes: Cardiology: Thrombolysis and Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael R. Mooney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 November 1993Reviews and Notes: Cardiology: Thrombolysis and Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Myocardial InfarctionMichael R. Mooney, MDMichael R. Mooney, MDMinnesota Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55407Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Thrombolysis and Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Myocardial InfarctionEric R. Bates; ed. 536 pages. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1993. $99.75.The treatment of myocardial infarction is a rapidly evolving field in contemporary cardiology. No other topic has generated the intense interest and sheer number of research reports on basic mechanisms and clinical trials. The results of this research is often conflicting. Although all the major cardiology textbooks have sections devoted to treatment of acute myocardial infarction, and some specific books have restricted themselves to this topic, none of the available books has what this book has: a range of topics by recognized ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minnesota Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55407 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1057KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionClinical trial reportingCoronary angioplastyDrug therapyMyocardial infarctionPatientsPublic policyResearch reporting guidelinesSurgeryTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...