tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-static mattress as reservoir of pseudomonas infection.
Authors: M H Robertson, G Hoy, I M Peterkin
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Hypercalcaemia associated with tuberculosisHypercalcaemia has been known to be associated with tuberculosis since 1931 and has recently been reported to occur commonly.'The hypercalcaemia is generally asymnptomatic and mild.We describe a case with symptoms and also report a study of the prevalence of hypercalcaemia in 89 tuberculous patients. Case reportA 25-year-old man presented with a history of rigors, night sweats, and productive cough for two weeks.He smoked 10 cigarettes a day, drank alcohol socially, and took no medication.On examination he was feverish (38-6'C), chest radiography confirmed the signs of right upper lobe con- solidation and collapse,, and his sputum grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Biochemical analyses (Technicon SMAC) showed hypercalcaemia (plasma calcium concentration 2-72 mmol/I (10-9 mg/l00 ml)) and hypoalbumi- naemia (serum albumin 27 g/l).He was given rifampicin 600 mg, isoniazid 300 mg, pyridoxine 6 mg, ethambutol 1500 mg, and streptomycin 1 g daily.After 19 days he became drowsy, polyuric, dehydrated, and his plasma calcium concentration was 3 33 mmol/l (13.3 mg/100 ml).The results of serum and urine electrophoresis and thyroid function tests were unremark- able and serum parathyroid hormone was undetectable.He was given phosphate by mouth and forced fluids, and he rapidly became more conscious.The plasma calcium concentration became normal by 12 weeks and remained normal two years later.
Outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae in France
Authors: J. Goldman, F. Caron, J. d. Quatrebarbes, M. Pestel-Caron, P. Courville, M. X. Dore, D. Picard, A.-B. Duval-Modeste, P. Bravard, P. Joly
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Since the beginning of 2014, an increasing number of second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have been approved in Italy for treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) improving patients’ perspectives and increasing treatment outcomes. In order to achieve high-quality treatment with these costly drugs, DAA-2 prescriptions are subject to strict rules (specific drug for specific patient characteristics and virus genotype) and intense monitoring. <h3>Purpose</h3> The aim of the work was to compare national<sup>1</sup> and local prescribing trends. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Local electronic monitoring prescriptions of DAA-2 made from January 2015 to February 2017 were extracted from the national monitoring prescriptions database. The number of prescriptions for each DAA-2 was extracted. Qualitative and quantitative presentation of local data were adapted in order to make them comparable to available national data. Both local and national monthly average drug prescription for each DAA-2 was assessed, considering the number of months of commercialisation of each DAA-2. Local and national prescribing trends were assessed and compared. <h3>Results</h3> 1026 electronic local monitoring prescriptions were analysed. Treatments were: sofosbuvir (31.3%), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (20.9%), ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (25.9%–20.4% in monotherapy; 5.5% in association with dasabuvir), daclatasvir (15%) and simeprevir (6.9%). The national and local monthly average of prescriptions was respectively: 345 and 12 (sofosbuvir), 1084 and 10 (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir), 680 and 7 (sofosbuvir/daclatasvir), 303 and 3 (simeprevir), 615 and 13 (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir-dasabuvir). National prescribing trend (listed in ascending order) was: simeprevir, sofosbuvir, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir-dasabuvir, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. Differently, the local prescribing trend (listed in ascending order) was: simeprevir, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and sofosbuvir, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir-dasabuvir. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The comparison between local and national prescribing trends have shown differences: ledipasvir/sofosbuvir and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir-dasabuvir are the most prescribed therapies respectively in the national and local context. These differences could be justified by population differences, however, a detailed study of the local patient population is needed to confirm genotype and patient population as the only influencing factors for discrepancies. <h3>References and/or Acknowledgements</h3> 1. WEF-E 2017‘Aggiornamento sui dati nazionali di prescrizione dei DAAs dai registri AIFA’ Simona Montilla No conflict of interest
FDG PET-CT Evaluation of Granular Cell Tumor of the Soft Tissue
Authors: Kenichiro Hamada, Tetsuho Fujimoto, Shinsuke Omori, Makoto Emori, Susumu Joyama, Katsuyuki Nakanishi, Yasuhiko Tomita, Norifumi Naka, Nobuhito Araki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Granular cell tumor is a rare, usually benign neoplasm of neural origin that may arise in virtually any site. Granular cell tumor arising from the soft tissue is relatively rare. Reports on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging for granular cell tumor are limited. We present a case of a granular cell tumor of the soft-tissue with FDG-PET findings, which showed increased accumulation of FDG despite its characteristic benign pathology. The maximum standardized uptake value of the mass was 2.35.
EXPERIENCES WITH THE DUODENAL CONTENTS
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The examinations of stomach contents, which were inaugurated forty years ago by Kussmaul and later by Ewald, Leube, Boas, Riegel and others, have now been generally introduced into the clinical investigation of digestive disturbances.  The role which the stomach and its secretion play in the digestive process has formerly been estimated a great deal higher than at present. At first it was determined that human beings could exist very comfortably without any gastric juice at all (as proved by the numerous cases of achylia gastrica); then it was proven by the surgeons (Schlatter) that the stomach could be excised in toto without fatal consequences.  By physiologists as well as by clinicians the principal work of the stomach is now considered to be rather a preparatory process for the real digestion in the
Propafenone as single oral loading dose versus placebo in recent-onset atrial fibrillation: Effects in patients with and without structural heart disease
Authors: Giuseppe Boriani, Alessandro Capucci, Mauro Biffi, Gianluca Botto, Ida Rubino, Stefano Della Casa, Walter Bonini, Mario Sanguinetti, Bruno Magnani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract 2406: The effect of anoxia/reoxygenation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human colon cancer cell lines
Authors: Manabu Okajima, Satoshi Kokura, Takeshi Ishikawa, Tatsuzo Matsuyama, Reiko Tsutiya, Satoko Adachi, Naoyuki Sakamoto, Yuji Naito, Tetsuro Yamane
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background and Aim: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as crucial events in cancer metastasis. Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) is known to occur in cancer tissues, due to the process of angiogenesis and the change of the pressure in tissue growth. In this study, we investigated whether A/R induces EMT in the human colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Colon cancer cells, HT29 cells, were exposed to anoxia (2 h) followed by reoxygenation (4-22 h). To evaluate EMT, morphological changes were assessed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. Moreover, RT-PCR for the EMT-related transcription factors (Snail and ZEB1) was performed and the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was analyzed in the nuclear extracts using an ELISA method. To determine whether NF-kB was involved in A/R-induced EMT, HT-29 cells were treated with proteasome inhibitors. Results: Colon cancer cells exposed to A/R showed phenotypic changes consistent with EMT: spindle-shape and intercellular separation. The expression of E-cadherin on the cell surface and the total amount of E-cadherin protein were reduced after A/R. The EMT-related transcriptional factors such as Snail and ZEB1 were induced after exposure to A/R. Furthermore, exposure to A/R caused an activation of NF-κB and pretreatment with proteasome inhibitors significantly attenuated the effects of exposure to A/R. Conclusions: These results indicate that A/R induces EMT in human colon cancer cells through partially NF-κB dependent transcriptional pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2406. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2406
ADAMS-STOKES' DISEASE.
Authors: E. SCHMOLL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A case of Adams-Stokes' disease which I had the opportunity to observe presented symptoms of heart block. There were from three to four auricular contractions to one ventricular beat. During the attacks the ventricle stopped entirely, while the auricular rhythm kept on undisturbed. The patient died after twenty-four hours.  In view of the experimental work on heart block done by Erlanger and Hering I felt justified in diagnosing a lesion of the auriculo-ventricular bundle of His.  The postmortem was limited to the heart. Macroscopically no lesion could be detected, but the microscopic examination by Dr. Ophuls showed scar formation in and around the bundle of His just below the membranous septum.
Just a mixed up vampire
Authors: S. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A myth, in order to survive, must continuously reconstitute itself within the concerns and preoccupations of the present day. Recent cinematic accounts of the vampire myth have placed the familiar story within the context of latter day narcissism, or serial killers, or the newly lethal properties of blood. In Michael Almereyda's Nadja the dysfunctional family makes its debut.

Nadja (played by Elina Lowensohn) makes her way through a dark and shadowy New York City amid music by Portishead and My Bloody Valentine. In coffee bars and haunted rooms she talks of …
Resilience to Transformation and Inherent Genetic and Functional Stability of Adult Neural Stem Cells <i>Ex vivo</i>
Authors: Chiara Foroni, Rossella Galli, Barbara Cipelletti, Andrea Caumo, Sara Alberti, Roberta Fiocco, Angelo Vescovi
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Recent observations have suggested that extensive culturing of adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) by exploiting the NeuroSphere assay might select for aggressive cell clones, endowed with neoplastic potential, that overgrow the rest of the native stem cells. However, a detailed study of the propensity of ANSCs to transform has never been thoroughly undertaken. Here, we report the first demonstration that ANSCs can be propagated in vitro for over a year, maintaining a strikingly stable profile with regard to self-renewal, differentiation, growth factor dependence, karyotype, and molecular profiling. Most importantly, the long-term culturing of ANSCs did not result in the formation of tumors in vivo, even when ANSCs were transduced with Myc and Ras oncogenes. The cancer resistance could depend on specific mechanisms aimed at protecting ANSCs and preserved by optimal nonstressful culture conditions. In conclusion, besides a plentiful and safe source of cells for therapeutic applications, ANSCs provide an ideal model to study aging and cancer in the context of stemness.
Th1/Th2 response profiles to the major allergens Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 of Japanese cedar pollen
Authors: K. Sugimura, S. Hashiguchi, Y. Takahashi, K. Hino, Y. Taniguchi, M. Kurimoto, K. Fukuda, M. Ohyama, G. Yamada
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 are known to be the major allergens of Japanese cedar pollen. A comparative study was carried out on the immune responses to stimulation with Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 in 24 symptomatic patients and six nonallergic subjects. In T‐cell proliferation assays, mean stimulation indexes (SI) were 10.6 for Cry j 1 and 11.7 for Cry j 2 stimulation, respectively, in the allergic patients. Two of the nonallergic subjects showed strong T‐cell proliferation to both allergens, while the remainder did not. All the allergic subjects (17/17) showed high titers of anti‐Cry j 1 IgE antibody at a mean value of 165 U/ml, whereas only 64% responded to Cry j 2 with low titers at a mean value of 26 U/ml. Nonallergic subjects did not respond with IgE production. Allergic subjects were further examined for their cytokine production profiles. All allergic subjects tested (16/16) produced high levels of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) in response to Cry j 1 with a mean value of 918 pg/ml, while only five subjects showed significant elevation of IFN‐γ production in response to Cry j 2 with a mean value of 679 pg/ml. The remainder produced small amounts of IFN‐γ. Cry j 1 induced higher levels of interleukin (1L)‐10 gene expression than did Cry j 2 stimulation, while both allergens induced IL‐4 expression at a similar level. The IL‐12 p35 gene was constitutively expressed, whereas the IL‐12 p40 gene expression in Cry j 1‐stimulated cells was elevated eightfold over that of nonstimulated cells. Increased expression of the IL‐12 p40 gene was negligible in Cry j 2‐stimulated cells. Thus, Cry j 1 stimulated mixed features of Th1 and Th2‐like responses, while Cry j 2 played a minor role in inducing IgE production and cytokine (IFN‐γ, IL‐10, and IL‐12) production, except for IL‐2 production and strong T‐cell proliferative activity. Therefore, it was concluded that Cry j 1 is the more important allergen, and that T‐cell proliferation assays do not necessarily reflect the level of allergenicity.
Randomized trial of direct coronary angioplasty versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Expedito E. Ribeiro, Lelio A. Silva, Rinaldo Carneiro, Laio G. D'oliveira, Amauri Gasquez, JosèG. Amino, JoséR. Tavares, Antonia Petrizzo, Sergio Torossian, Renato Duprat Fo−, Énio Buffolo, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Why Was the Policeman's Lot Unhappy? More Flak Jacketing
Authors: John Milner-Brage
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Concerning the Letter to the Editor entitled  Policeman's Lot Is Not a Happy One: Flak Jacket Radiculopathy, 1 I wish to point out that the term radiculopathy refers to injury to the nerve root just distal to the spinal cord. Dr Rachlin suggests that the police officer developed his symptoms because of axillary pressure from his flak jacket, especially while sitting. A lesion in that area would be appropriately labeled a brachial plexus injury of the lower trunk or medial cord, but certainly not a lesion of the root, which is, of course, much more proximal.  I would further point out that results of nerve conduction studies distally at the ulnar and the median nerves would be expected to be normal if the nerve impingement occurred in the axilla, so the findings suggested in the letter are somewhat questionable.  I think a more likely cause for
Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The 12th edition of<i> Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice</i>is again edited by Dr John B. West, professor of physiology and medicine, University of California, San Diego. This edition is shorter than the previous edition by 170 pages (13%). The whole textbook is more accessible. The gastrointestinal section has been completely rewritten by the new editor, Stephen J. Pandol, MD. Parts of other sections are totally or partially rewritten or improved, such as those on respiration, properties and functions of cell membranes, excitation and contraction of skeletal muscle, the cardiovascular system, and the endocrine system. This edition continues to focus on the clinical relevance of physiology without neglecting the importance of presenting in-depth relevant scientific information. The text has nine sections, including the above-mentioned and general physiological processes, blood, body fluids and renal function, metabolism, and neurophysiology. Every section is subdivided into several chapters, and the whole
Hypercholeresis induced by unconjugated bile acid infusion correlates with recovery in bile of unconjugated bile acids
Authors: Devorah Gurantz, Claudio D. Schteingart, Lee R. Hagey, Joseph H. Steinbach, Thomas Grotmol, Alan F. Hofmann
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Using the isolated perfused rat and hamster liver, the relationship between bile flow, bile acid secretion rate and bile acid biotransformation after the injection of a small, bolus dose of radioactive ursodeoxycholate or of its C23 homolog, norursodeoxycholate, was examined. Ursodeoxycholate was promptly secreted into bile mostly as amino acid conjugates; less than 3% was secreted in unchanged form in the rat and less than 2% in the hamster. In contrast, norursodeoxycholate was secreted slowly, and biotransformed into glucuronide conjugates and unconjugated trihydroxy derivatives; it was also secreted in part in unchanged form. In the rat, 7% was secreted in unconjugated trihydroxy derivatives and 3% in unchanged form; in the hamster, 7% was secreted as unconjugated trihydroxy derivatives and 4% in unchanged form. The secreted bile acid species that showed the highest correlation with bile flow by far was always the unconjugated form in both rat and hamster. By multiple regression analysis, the apparent choleretic activity (microliters of induced bile flow per micromoles recovered bile acid molecules) indicated marked hypercholeresis for the unconjugated bile acid marked hypercholeresis for the unconjugated bile acid with values ranging from 100 to 300 microliters/mumol. Bile flow also correlated with total bile acid recovery for ursodeoxycholate in rat and norursodeoxycholate in hamster, but in all studies the apparent choleretic activity was far lower. Other calculations indicated that most bile flow during the first 30 min was induced by secretion of the unconjugated bile acid species in all experiments, the proportion ranging from 50% to 90%. The results indicate that when a bolus of ursodeoxycholate or norursodeoxycholate is presented to the perfused rodent liver, the secretion of the unchanged bile acid appears to be responsible for most of the bile flow, probably by a cholehepatic shunting mechanism.
Biomarkers for Detecting and Risk-Stratifying Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Peter J. Fabri
Journal: JAMA (2011)

tive. At this time, the real value of whole-genome sequencing will be for unusual cases like this one, or for AML patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetic studies, for whom the decision to transplant in first remission is now being honed by an ever more complex clinical diagnostic testing algorithm. Whole-genome sequencing may well play a role in the care of these patients in the near future. Lo-Coco and Sanz also suggest that PML antibody staining could have been used as an alternative diagnostic tool for suspected APL. Although this study could be helpful in selected cases, it is not generally available in the United States as a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments– approved diagnostic test. Further, it would not have resolved the molecular mechanism causing APL in a patient without a detectable t(15;17). Only whole-genome sequencing allowed us to define the precise structure of the genomic event that created the patient’s insertional PML-RARA fusion. The identification of this insertional fusion has allowed for the generation of new fluorescence in situ hybridization probes that will aid in the diagnosis of unusual APL cases like this one in the future.
Dose proportionality and in vivo performance for three strengths (50/25, 125/25, and 250/25) of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol metered-dose inhalers in healthy subjects
Authors: SMS Andrews, RL Kunka, Y Yin, Karen Callahan, M York, PT Daley-Yates
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Aortic Xanthomatosis With Coronary Ostial Occlusion in a Child Homozygous for a Nonsense Mutation in <i>ABCG8</i>
Authors: David Mymin, Jian Wang, Jiri Frohlich, Robert A. Hegele
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A 5-year-old girl with a recent history of recurrent abdominal pain presented with acute respiratory distress that rapidly became asystolic.She then could not be revived.At autopsy, widespread yellow aortic xanthomas were seen, with severe atheromatous narrowing of both coronary ostia (Figure 1).The right and left anterior descending arteries showed focal marked atheromatous narrowing.Grossly and microscopically, there were no specific myocardial changes.Atheromas were also seen on the surfaces of the mitral valve leaflets and within the pulmonary artery.Aortic lesions extended to the level of the superior mesenteric artery, and atheromas were present in the branches of the aortic arch.Serum cholesterol concentration from a sample of post-mortem blood was 13.0 mmol/L (503 mg/dL).Parental lipoprotein profiles were relatively normal.Genomic DNA was isolated from frozen liver, and sequencing of the LDLR, APOB, ARH, and ABCG5 genes revealed no mutations.However, a novel CϾG mutation was found at the second residue of codon nucleotide 107 in exon 3 of the ABCG8 gene, which predicted premature truncation of the protein product (S107X) (Figure 2).This mutation was absent from 400 normal chromosomes.The diagnosis of sitosterolemia, a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sterol absorption, was confirmed by documenting elevated serum total cholesterol and sitosterol concentrations in her sister, brother, and female cousin, aged 5, 4, and 8 years, respectively.Serum cholesterol was 10.8, 11.8, and 9.2 mmol/L (416, 455, and 356 mg/dL), respectively, and serum sitosterol concentrations were 282, 447, and 184 mg/L, respectively (reference range 0 to 10 mg/L) in these relatives, who were also shown to be homozygotes for S107X.The use of bile acid binding resins has greatly improved the lipoprotein profile in the 3 surviving homozygotes.
Modelling future capacity needs and spending on colonoscopy in the English bowel cancer screening programme
Authors: K E Nnoaham, C Lines
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Methods</h3> We prospectively enrolled HIV-infected treatment naïve adults in Lusaka, Zambia. At enrolment, we recorded patient9s demographics, body mass index (BMI), WHO clinical stage, CD4+ count, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status. In HBsAg-positive patients we measured HBV viral loads (VL; Roche, COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® Taqman® Assay, Pleasanton, California). We defined active HBV co-infection as having an HBV VL <sup>3</sup>20 IU/ml. TDF-based ART was the preferred first-line regimen. Follow-up visits occurred per national guidelines and we used phone and community tracing to optimise retention. Deaths were ascertained by clinic, family member, or community health worker report and losses to follow-up (LFTU) were defined as absences from clinic for 6+ months. Using multivariable Cox regression, we assessed the mortality risk among patients with HBV co-infection, adjusting for age, sex, WHO stage, BMI, and CD4+ count. <h3>Results</h3> During 2013–2014, 822 patients were enrolled and analysed at 1 year after ART initiation. Among this group, 438 (53.1%) were women, median age was 34 years (interquartile range, 29–40), 367 (44.8%) had WHO stage 3 or 4, 229 (28.2%) had BMI &lt;18.5, and median baseline CD4+ 224 cells/ mm3. Of 126 HBsAg-positive individuals, 81 had active HBV infection. During the first year on ART, 48 patients died, 19 transferred out or withdrew, and 52 were LTFU. Those with HBV co-infection had twice the risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.23, 95% CI: 1.07–4.65) after adjustment for covariates. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In Southern Africa, HBV co-infection is a mortality risk factor and these patients should be diagnosed and those with replicating virus may need closer monitoring. Further investigation of the causes of death in HIV-HBV patients is needed.