tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity and Detection Rate of a 12-Core Trans-Perineal Prostate Biopsy: Preliminary Report
Authors: Bernardo Rocco, Ottavio de Cobelli, Maria Elena Leon, Mario Ferruti, Mauro G. Mastropasqua, Deliu Victor Matei, Giacomo Gazzano, Fabrizio Verweij, Epifanio Scardino, Gennaro Musi, Bob Djavan, Francesco Rocco
Journal: European Urology (2006)
The quality divide in primary care.
Authors: M. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1989)

severe hypertension to tertiary referral centres.We do not recommend mass screening to detect children who may not have hypertension at later measurements and for whom there may be no benefits of detecting mild hypertension.Screening and long term follow up are indicated for children with renal diseases, neurofibromatosis, diabetes mellitus, and probably those with a family history of hypertension, however difficult this may be to define.
Development of psoriasis after syngeneic bone marrow transplant from psoriatic donor: further evidence for adoptive autoimmunity
Authors: J.A. SNOWDEN, D.C. HEATON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Transfer of donor immunity has been demonstrated in animal models of both allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Clinical case reports have suggested that human autoimmune disease may be similarly transferred. However, it is difficult to completely exclude autoimmune phenomena associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as previously reported cases are of allogeneic BMT. In addition, the onset of autoimmunity has been distantly related to the timing of the transplant, perhaps because of the immunosuppression used for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD. We describe a patient in whom the development of psoriasis shortly after receiving syngeneic bone marrow from a psoriatic donor and its recurrence with arthropathy following a second syngeneic BMT provide more direct evidence for the adoptive transfer of human autoimmune disease, probably by T cells.
Percutaneous balloon versus surgical closed commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. A prospective, randomized trial.
Authors: Z G Turi, V P Reyes, B S Raju, A R Raju, D N Kumar, P Rajagopal, P V Sathyanarayana, D P Rao, K Srinath, P Peters
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We performed a prospective, randomized trial comparing percutaneous balloon commissurotomy with surgical closed commissurotomy in 40 patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were analyzed by investigators who were masked to treatment assignment or phase of study. Patients randomized to balloon (n = 20) or surgical (n = 20) commissurotomy had severe mitral stenosis without significant baseline differences (left atrial pressure, 26.1 +/- 4.2 versus 27.6 +/- 6.2 mm Hg; mitral valve gradient, 18.0 +/- 4.2 versus 19.7 +/- 6.3 mm Hg; mitral valve area, 1.0 +/- 0.2 versus 1.0 +/- 0.4 cm2, respectively). At 1-week follow-up after balloon commissurotomy, pulmonary wedge pressure was 14.3 +/- 7.2 mm Hg; mitral valve gradient was 9.6 +/- 5.1 mm Hg; and mitral valve area was 1.6 +/- 0.6 cm2 (all p less than 0.0001). At 1-week follow-up after surgical closed commissurotomy, wedge pressure was 13.7 +/- 5.4 mm Hg; mitral valve gradient was 9.4 +/- 4.2 mm Hg (both p less than 0.0001); and mitral valve area was 1.6 +/- 0.7 cm2 (p less than 0.003). At 8-month follow-up, improvement occurred in both groups: Mitral valve area was 1.6 +/- 0.6 cm2 in the balloon commissurotomy group (p less than 0.002) and was 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm2 in the surgical closed commissurotomy group (p less than 0.0001). There was no difference between the groups at 1-week or 8-month follow-up (all p greater than 0.4). One case of severe mitral regurgitation occurred in each group; complications were otherwise related to transseptal catheterization. There was no death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Cost analysis revealed that balloon commissurotomy may substantially exceed the cost of surgical commissurotomy in developing countries, whereas it may represent a significant savings in industrialized nations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that percutaneous balloon commissurotomy and surgical closed commissurotomy result in comparable hemodynamic improvement that is sustained through 8 months of follow-up.
Electrophysiological significance of rapid atrial pacing as a test of atrioventricular conduction
Authors: J. K. BISSETT, J. J. KANE, N. D. SOYZA, M. L. MURPHY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Although rapid atrial pacing is frequently used as a test of atrioventricular conduction, no studies have compared this method with other conduction parameters. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of rapid atrial pacing with refractory period measurements utilizing the extrastimulus technique. Determination of the refractory periods of the atrium, A-V node, and His-Purkinje system were accomplished in 41 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization, and the results compared with rapid atrial pacing to the point at which A-V Wenckebach occurred (WP). The results showed significant correlation (P < 0.01) between the WP and functional refractory period (FRP) of the A-V node (r = 0.89, FRP = 865 − 2.6 WP), and significant correlation between the WP and the effective refractory period (ERP) of the total A-V conducting system (r = 0.81, ERP = 729 − 2.6 WP). The relationship between WP and the refractory periods also allowed prediction of the occurrence of physiological His-Purkinje block during introduction of premature atrial contractions and the site of the effective refractory period of the total A-V conducting system. This study establishes a close relationship between these methods and confirms the usefulness of rapid atrial pacing as a reliable test of A-V conduction in man.
Interaction and dose equivalence of salbutamol and salmeterol in patients with asthma.
Authors: E T Smyth, I D Pavord, C S Wong, A F Wisniewski, J Williams, A E Tattersfield
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the pharmacological interaction of salmeterol and salbutamol and to derive an estimate of dose equivalence of salmeterol for airway and systemic effects in patients with asthma. DESIGN--Randomised double blind crossover study. SUBJECTS--12 patients with mild asthma. INTERVENTION--Placebo or salmeterol 50, 100, 200 micrograms given on separate days followed two hours later by inhaled salbutamol in cumulative doses up to 3600 micrograms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate, plasma potassium concentration, QTc interval, tremor amplitude, and creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme concentration. RESULTS--Compared with placebo, the mean (95% confidence interval) changes in FEV1 and heart rate after salmeterol 200 micrograms were 0.61 (0.32 to 0.90) l and 7.0 (3.8 to 10.2) beats/min. Adding salbutamol caused a large increase in FEV1 after placebo (0.69 l) with progressively smaller changes after increasing doses of salmeterol (0.19 l after salmeterol 200 micrograms). Heart rate and QTc interval increased and plasma potassium concentration decreased roughly in parallel on the four study days with a suggestion of convergence at higher doses of salbutamol. Geometric mean dose equivalences for salmeterol 50 micrograms and 100 micrograms compared with salbutamol were 4.9 and 7.8 (mean 6.4) for FEV1 and ranged from 7.1 (2.9 to 17.0) to 12.6 (4.4 to 36.4) for heart rate, plasma potassium, and tremor (mean 9.5). CONCLUSIONS--The effect of adding salbutamol to salmeterol is largely additive. Weight for weight salmeterol may be up to 10 times more potent than salbutamol. Considering its longer duration of action salmeterol 50 micrograms twice daily could be equivalent to salbutamol in doses up to 500 micrograms four to six hourly.
Effects of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Injections on Insulin Receptors in Insulin-Dependent Diabetics
Authors: L Lecavalier, J Havrankova, P Hamet, J -L Chiasson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We compared continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple injections (MI) in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) to assess the effect of glucose control on monocyte insulin receptors. Each IDDM patient (n = 8) was treated for 2 mo by MI (HS Ultralente and AC boluses of regular insulin) and for 2 mo by CSII in a randomized fashion. Prestudy preprandial/ postprandial blood glucose levels were 199 ± 33/261 ± 28 mg/dl and improved to 124 ± 12/156 ± 13 mg/dl during MI and to 115 ± 11/151 ± 11 mg/dl during CSII. Glycosylated hemoglobin before the study was 10.1 ± 0 . 5% and decreased to 8.8 ± 0.4 and 8.3 ± 0.3% during MI and CSII, respectively. The specific 125I-labeled insulin binding to circulating monocytes in a group of nonobese controls (n = 17) was 4.6 ± 0.2%. In our poorly controlled diabetics during conventional therapy, the 125Iinsulin binding was decreased to 3.7 ± 0.3 (P &amp;lt; .025). This was not significantly affected by MI despite good glucose control (4–0 ± 0.3%). With CSII, however, good glucose control was associated with normalization of 125I-insulin binding to monocytes (4.7 ± 0.27%). The affinity of the insulin receptors was normal before the study and was not affected by either MI or CSII. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that in IDDM, intensive therapy by MI and CSII resulted in similar good glucose control, but only CSII resulted in normalization of insulin receptors on circulating monocytes.
Plasma clearance of oral and intravenous cholic acid in subjects with and without chronic liver disease.
Authors: I T Gilmore, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1980)

The apparent plasms clearances of tracer amounts of radiolabelled cholic acid given orally or intravenously were compared in 14 control subjects and 20 patients with chronic liver disease. The clearance after oral administration was the more sensitive in detecting chronic liver disease and correlated better with the fasting levels of endogenous serum bile acid. This agrees with the predicted effects on clearance of hepatocellular damage and portal-systemic shunting of blood after the two routes of administration. The estimated hepatic extraction ratio, calculated from the ratio of the oral and intravenous clearances, was 0.77+/-0.02 (mean+/-SEM) in control subjects, 0.64+/-0.03 in patients with anicteric chronic liver disease, and 0.46+/-0.05 in those with icteric chronic liver disease.
Molecular profiling of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia reveals diverse mutations in &gt;80% of patients with TET2 and EZH2 being of high prognostic relevance
Authors: V Grossmann, A Kohlmann, C Eder, C Haferlach, W Kern, N C P Cross, T Haferlach, S Schnittger
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Prevention of Rat Cerebral Aneurysm Formation by Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase
Authors: Shunichi Fukuda, Nobuo Hashimoto, Hiroaki Naritomi, Izumi Nagata, Kazuhiko Nozaki, Soichiro Kondo, Michiharu Kurino, Haruhiko Kikuchi
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Cerebral saccular aneurysm is a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, one of the cerebrovascular diseases with the highest mortality. The mechanisms underlying the development of aneurysms, however, still remain unclear. We have made a series of reports on an animal model of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms that resemble human cerebral aneurysms in their location and morphology, suggesting that the arterial wall degeneration associated with aneurysm formation develops near the apex of arterial bifurcation as a result of an increase in wall shear stress. Using the animal model and human specimens, we examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the degenerative changes and cerebral aneurysm formation. Methods and Results —Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was immunohistochemically located at the orifice of human and rat aneurysms. Nitrotyrosine distribution was also seen in the human aneurysm. Although no iNOS immunostaining was found in normal arteries, iNOS immunoreactivity was observed in parallel with the development of early aneurysmal changes in rats. In contrast, during the early development of aneurysm, endothelial NOS immunostaining in the endothelium was weakened compared with that in the control arteries. An NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine, attenuated both early aneurysmal changes and the incidence of induced aneurysms. A defibrinogenic agent, batroxobin, which may diminish shear stress by reduction of blood viscosity, prevented iNOS induction as well as early aneurysmal changes. Conclusions —The evidence suggests that NO, particularly that derived from iNOS, is a key requirement for the development of cerebral aneurysm. The iNOS induction may be caused by an increase in shear stress near the apex.
Our Path Is Clear
Authors: Hugh Scott Falconer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Today, not tomorrow, we American physicians stand at the pinnacle of decision. Our destiny is in our hands. Our present position is somewhat of our own making; most of us have idly watched our own and other Americans' individuality limited and in some cases destroyed. Today, we, as independent, individual, practicing physicians can materially aid our cause by taking an unequivocally firm, determined stand. By doing this, we will aid our country and our own free position. This stand must be built on the same cornerstone on which America was united and moulded:<i>Individualism above all</i>. Without this cardinal liberty, we fail. With collectivism (socialized medicine), we cannot exist. Availing ourselves of the zeal, ambition, and courage which we enjoyed as medical students, we can succeed. Individuality is our greatest possession. With desire, determination, and love of the free practice of medicine, action<i>now</i>can save the privileges we realize.
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) does not confer resistance to gemtuzumab ozogamicin and calicheamicin-γ1 in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: R B Walter, B W Raden, J Thompson, D A Flowers, H-P Kiem, I D Bernstein, M L Linenberger
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Mitochondria — Structure, Function, and Replication
Authors: David E. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Clinicians are now generally aware that mitochondria have a crucial role in the energy transformations of aerobic cells — a role that has been vividly captured in the designation "powerhouse of the cell." In this issue of the Journal, Egger and Wilson1 provide compelling evidence that the inheritance of a mitochondrial disease in human beings is exclusively maternal — the hallmark of a non-mendelian pattern. It will help us to visualize mitochondrial disease in its appropriate setting if we begin by taking stock of our present knowledge of the structure and function of this organelle.Mitochondria are structures of . . .
PKCθ and PKA are antagonistic partners in the NF-AT transactivation pathway of primary mouse CD3+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Natascha Hermann-Kleiter, Nikolaus Thuille, Christa Pfeifhofer, Thomas Gruber, Michaela Schäfer, Christof Zitt, Armin Hatzelmann, Christian Schudt, Michael Leitges, Gottfried Baier
Journal: Blood (2006)
Aerosolized Linear Polyethylenimine-Nitric Oxide/Nucleophile Adduct Attenuates Endotoxin-induced Lung Injury in Sheep
Authors: Mikhail Y. Kirov, Oleg V. Evgenov, Vladimir N. Kuklin, László Virág, Pál Pacher, Garry J. Southan, Andrew L. Salzman, Csaba Szabó, Lars J. Bjertnaes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Pulmonary hypertension and edema are mainstays of acute lung injury (ALI). We synthesized linear polyethylenimine-nitric oxide/nucleophile adduct (DS-1), a water-soluble nitric oxide donor, and demonstrated that it is a potent relaxant of precontracted rat aortic rings without inducing desensitization. Moreover, DS-1 does not suppress the viability of human pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro. We also tested whether DS-1 counteracts ALI in endotoxemic sheep. Animals were instrumented for a chronic study. In 16 awake, spontaneously breathing sheep, Escherichia coli endotoxin (10 ng/kg/minute) was infused for 8 hours. From 2 hours of endotoxemia, sheep received either nebulized DS-1 (1 mg/kg/hour) or isotonic saline. DS-1 reduced endotoxin-induced rises in pulmonary arterial and microwedge pressures and vascular resistance index by 40–70%. In parallel, DS-1 decreased the accumulation of extravascular lung water by 60–70% and reduced the increment in right ventricle stroke work index and the falls in right ventricle ejection fraction, stroke volume, and left ventricle stroke work indices. Furthermore, DS-1 reduced venous admixture and improved arterial oxygen saturation. In four healthy animals, DS-1 alone slightly increased arterial oxygenation but had no other effects. Thus, aerosolized DS-1 attenuates endotoxin-induced ALI in sheep by reducing pulmonary hypertension and edema and improving myocardial function and gas exchange.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF FAMILIES OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: THOMAS M. SULLIVAN, CHARLES E. FROHMAN, PETER G. S. BECKETT, JACQUES S. GOTTLIEB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Thirty-five schizophrenic patients were separated into two groups on the basis of L/P ratio studies. Twenty-one patients manifested an increased plasma protein factor as reflected by a mean L/P ratio above 11.5—the high-factor group. Fourteen patients showed no increase in protein factor as evidenced by a mean L/P ratio below 11.5—the low-factor group. L/P ratio determinations were made on 117 parents and siblings of both the high- and low-factor groups of patients. There is a significantly greater proportion of high L/P ratios in families of the high-factor patients than in families of low-factor patients. The data, while demonstrating a familial trend, are not sufficiently definitive to allow a specific genetic interpretation. Previous studies have indicated that environmental factors might also play a significant role.
Imaging of Oxygen Transfer Among Microvessels of Rat Cremaster Muscle
Authors: Hirosuke Kobayashi, Naosada Takizawa
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The proximity of capillaries, arterioles, and venules provides complex spatial relationships that lead to oxygen transfer among microvessels. Although a conceptual image of complex oxygen transfer among microvessels has been hypothesized, in vivo mapping of oxygen saturation (S o 2 ) levels in microvessels had never been performed. Methods and Results— The oxygen profile of the arterioles and venules of the rat cremaster muscle during normoxia and hypoxia was visualized by preparing pseudo-color images of S o 2 levels based on microspectrophotometry data obtained by using 3 different optical filters and a cooled CCD camera. The S o 2 images showed lower S o 2 levels in arterioles close to their walls, and the S o 2 levels in the paired venules showed higher S o 2 levels close to the arterioles. There were capillaries that crossed the microvessels whose S o 2 levels changed as they crossed the microvessels. The S o 2 levels were lower close to the vessel wall than in the centerline level of the microvessels, and the highest S o 2 levels in venules paralleling arterioles were skewed toward the arterial side. The S o 2 images showed that the S o 2 level in arterioles decreased after crossing venules, whereas the S o 2 level in venules increased after crossing arterioles. Conclusions— Visualization of intravascular S o 2 levels suggested that oxygen is transferred between paired microvessels and between crossing microvessels in rat cremaster muscle. The possibility that oxygen is transported from some arterioles to venules and tissue through adjacent capillaries is proposed.
Trials of Perphenazine in the Prevention of Post-operative Vomiting
Authors: C. F. Scurr, D. S. Robbie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

rare, but perphenazine does produce some adrenergic blockade.There is some potentiating effect on barbiturates and other narcotics, but this effect is much less than with chlorpromazine.With intensive dosage (un- likely in the present application) there may be extra- pyramidal stimulation.The main danger is perhaps that this drug, like chlorpromazine, can obscure the cause of vomiting due to organic disease.
Allergen-induced increases in IL-5 receptor alpha-subunit expression on bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells from asthmatic subjects. A novel marker of progenitor cell commitment towards eosinophilic differentiation.
Authors: R Sehmi, L J Wood, R Watson, R Foley, Q Hamid, P M O'Byrne, J A Denburg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have proposed previously that hemopoietic myeloid progenitors contribute to the ongoing recruitment of proinflammatory cells, namely eosinophils, to sites of allergen challenge in allergic diseases such as asthma. In this study, we investigated the involvement of bone marrow-derived progenitors in the development of allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in mild asthmatic subjects. By flow cytometry, we enumerated the level of expression of CD34, a hemopoietic progenitor cell marker, on bone marrow aspirates taken before and 24 h after allergen challenge. In addition, the coexpression of the alpha-subunits of IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) and IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) on CD34+ cells was investigated. After allergen-challenge, although no significant change in total BM CD34+ cell numbers was observed, a significant increase in the proportion of CD34+ cells expressing IL-5R alpha, but not IL-3R alpha, was detected in the 24-h post-allergen, compared with the pre-allergen bone marrow. This was associated with a significant blood and sputum eosinophilia and increased methacholine airway responsiveness, 24 h post-allergen. Using simultaneous in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry, we colocalized the expression of messenger RNA for membrane-bound IL-5R alpha to CD34+ cells. In summary, our data suggest that increased expression of IL-5R alpha on CD34+ cells favors eosinophilopoiesis and may thus contribute to the subsequent development of blood and tissue eosinophilia, a hallmark of allergic inflammation.
Prophylaxis against Gallstone Formation with Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Patients Participating in a Very-Low-Calorie Diet Program
Authors: Mitchell L. Shiffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether prophylactic treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid can prevent gallstone formation in persons participating in a very-low-calorie weight reduction diet program. Design: Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose clinical trial. Patients were treated with placebo or with 300 mg/d, 600 mg/d, or 1200 mg/d of ursodeoxycholic acid. Setting: 31 Health Management Resources weight management centers. Patients: 1004 patients were initially enrolled in a 16-week, 520-kcal/d, Health Management Resources liquid protein diet program. All patients had a body mass index of 38 kg/m2 or more and a normal gallbladder ultrasonogram before study entry. Bile analysis was done in 32 patients. Measurements: Body weight and body mass index were measured before the diet was started and at 2-week intervals for 16 weeks. Gallbladder ultrasonography was done before enrollment and after 8 and 16 weeks of dieting. Bile was obtained by endoscopy and analyzed for cholesterol crystals and lipid levels. Results: Mean body weight for all patients at the start of dieting was 128.2 kg ±23.2 kg; mean initial body mass index was 44.2 kg/m2 ±6.0 kg/m2. Gallstones developed in 28% (95% CI, 22% to 35%) of patients receiving placebo, in 8% (CI, 5% to 13%) of patients treated with 300 mg/d of ursodeoxycholic acid, in 3% (CI, 1% to 7%) of patients treated with 600 mg/d of ursodeoxycholic acid, and in 2% (CI, 0.5% to 5%) of patients treated with 1200 mg/d of ursodeoxycholic acid. The differences between patients receiving placebo and patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid were statistically significant. The percentage of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile increased stepwise with increasing doses of ursodeoxycholic acid. Conclusions: Ursodeoxycholic acid, 600 mg/d, is highly effective in preventing gallstone formation in patients having dietary-induced weight reduction. For a listing of additional persons involved in the conduct of this study, see Appendix.