tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE SURGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CERTAIN ANATOMIC, PHYSIOLOGIC AND PATHOLOGIC PECULIARITIES OF THE PERITONEUM.
Authors: H. D. MLES
Journal: JAMA (1899)

At this time, when the attention of the medical profession is so exclusively engaged in the perfection and multiplication of methods and means for the doing of aseptic and antiseptic surgery, we are prone to neglect the study and consideration of the less attractive factors of successful work; and, perhaps, overenthused by the many triumphs of modern surgery, we may at times forget that Nature is still the Great Restorer, and that only from a study of her ways and means of combating disease can we learn how best to assist her.  The special and urgent need of pursuing these less popular lines of investigation must be apparent, however, to those who take the time to study and determine the causes of our present mortality and unsatisfactory results in the intraperitoneal surgery; for here our deaths—barring those from malignant disease—are commonly due to the presence of infection in a region
Effectiveness of dementia follow-up care by memory clinics or general practitioners: randomised controlled trial
Authors: E. J. Meeuwsen, R. J. F. Melis, G. C. H. M. Van Der Aa, G. A. M. Goluke-Willemse, B. J. M. De Leest, F. H. J. M. Van Raak, C. J. M. Scholzel-Dorenbos, D. C. M. Verheijen, F. R. J. Verhey, M. C. Visser, C. A. Wolfs, E. M. M. Adang, M. G. M. Olde Rikkert
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the effectiveness of post-diagnosis dementia treatment and coordination of care by memory clinics compared with general practitioners. <b>Design</b> Multicentre randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Nine memory clinics and 159 general practitioners in the Netherlands. <b>Participants</b> 175 patients with a new diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia living in the community and their informal caregivers. <b>Interventions</b> Usual care provided by memory clinic or general practitioner. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Caregiver rated quality of life of the patient measured with the quality of life in Alzheimer’s disease instrument and self perceived burden of the informal caregiver measured with the sense of competence questionnaire (intention to treat analysis). <b>Results</b> The quality of life of the patients in the memory clinic group was 0.5 (95% confidence interval −0.7 to 1.6) points higher than in the general practitioner group. Caregivers’ burden was 2.4 (−5.8 to 1.0) points lower in the memory clinic group than in the general practitioner group. <b>Conclusion</b> No evidence was found that memory clinics were more effective than general practitioners with regard to post-diagnosis treatment and coordination care for patients with dementia. Without further evidence on the effectiveness of these modalities, other arguments, such as cost minimisation, patients’ preferences, or regional health service planning, can determine which type of dementia care is offered. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00554047.
Penicillin Resistance Compromises Nod1-Dependent Proinflammatory Activity and Virulence Fitness of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Maria Leticia Zarantonelli, Anna Skoczynska, Aude Antignac, Meriem El Ghachi, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Marek Szatanik, Céline Mulet, Catherine Werts, Lucie Peduto, Martine Fanton d’Andon, Françoise Thouron, Faridabano Nato, Lionel LeBourhis, Dana J. Philpott, Stephen E. Girardin, Francina Langa Vives, Philippe Sansonetti, Gérard Eberl, Thierry Pedron, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Ivo G. Boneca
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Ultrastructure of nonenzymatically glycated mesangial matrix in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Hirofumi Makino, Kenichi Shikata, Kazue Hironaka, Masahiko Kushiro, Yasushi Yamasaki, Hikaru Sugimoto, Zensuke Ota, Norie Araki, Seikoh Horiuchi
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Requirement of Src kinases Lyn, Hck and Fgr for BCR-ABL1-induced B-lymphoblastic leukemia but not chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yiguo Hu, Yuhua Liu, Shawn Pelletier, Elisabeth Buchdunger, Markus Warmuth, Doriano Fabbro, Michael Hallek, Richard A Van Etten, Shaoguang Li
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Characterization of nondeletion α‐thalassemia mutations in the Greek population
Authors: Joanne Traeger‐Synodinos, Emmanuel Kanavakis, Maria Tzetis, Antonios Kattamis, Christos Kattamis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract α‐Thalassemia is usually due to deletions within the α‐globin gene cluster, leading to loss of function of one (‐α) or both [‐(α) or –] α‐globin genes. Nondeletion mutations (denoted αα T or α T α) are less frequent and in Greece are not well defined. We report the analysis of 16 nondeletion α‐thalassemia chromosomes using a polymerase chain reaction method to amplify specifically the α2‐globin gene, which was subsequently screened using ASO hybridization or restriction enzyme analysis for four mutations already characterized in other Mediterranean and Middle Eastern populations. Of the 16 nondeletion chromosomes, nine had the polyadenylation signal mutation (α PolyA α), two the IVSI 5′ pentanucleotide deletion (α Hph α), two the Hb Icaria mutation (α ic α), and one the initiation codon mutation (α Nco α). In two, the defects are still undefined. These findings show that nondeletion α‐thalassemia in Greece is heterogeneous and that the most frequent mutation (accounting for &gt;50%) is the polyadenylation signal mutation, which to date was most commonly found in the Saudi Arabian population. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulation of lymphoid microenvironments in nonhuman primates by an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin pathway
Authors: Jennifer L. Gommerman, Fabienne Mackay, Elina Donskoy, Werner Meier, Pauline Martin, Jeffrey L. Browning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Reticular networks in lymphoid organs play critical roles in the organization of local microenvironments. A number of these elements are maintained by continual signaling through the lymphotoxin system. Evaluation of the lymphotoxin (LT) pathway in primates using a fusion protein decoy provides a unique opportunity to assess modulation of splenic microenvironments in a species with considerably greater background immunological activity compared with rodents. Within the germinal center microenvironment, treatment resulted in a collapse of follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks and in the disappearance of a ringlike network of immune complex–carrying cells, although some other attributes of the germinal center appeared to be unaltered. Treatment also resulted in changes in the splenic marginal zone, a microenvironment where the architecture is notably different from that of the rodent. Cessation of treatment and recovery allowed us to monitor reemergence of these cell types and revealed that FDCs rely on LT-dependent signals to recompact into appropriately positioned tight networks. Despite the loss of FDC networks, the primary Ab response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was unaltered over a 20-day period. Manipulation of these microenvironments may represent a novel approach to modulating immune function in human disease.
Sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 are vital to recovery from anaphylactic shock in mice
Authors: Ana Olivera, Christoph Eisner, Yoshiaki Kitamura, Sandra Dillahunt, Laura Allende, Galina Tuymetova, Wendy Watford, Francoise Meylan, Susanne C. Diesner, Lingli Li, Jurgen Schnermann, Richard L. Proia, Juan Rivera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and SphK2 are ubiquitous enzymes that generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5) with important functions in the vascular and immune systems. Here we explore the role of these kinases and receptors in recovery from anaphylaxis in mice. We found that Sphk2-/- mice had a rapid recovery from anaphylaxis. In contrast, Sphk1-/- mice showed poor recovery from anaphylaxis and delayed histamine clearance. Injection of S1P into Sphk1-/- mice increased histamine clearance and promoted recovery from anaphylaxis. Adoptive cell transfer experiments demonstrated that SphK1 activity was required in both the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments for recovery from anaphylaxis. Mice lacking the S1P receptor S1PR2 also showed a delay in plasma histamine clearance and a poor recovery from anaphylaxis. However, S1P did not promote the recovery of S1pr2-/- mice from anaphylaxis, whereas S1pr2+/- mice showed partial recovery. Unlike Sphk2-/- mice, Sphk1-/- and S1pr2-/- mice had severe hypotension during anaphylaxis. Thus, SphK1-produced S1P regulates blood pressure, histamine clearance, and recovery from anaphylaxis in a manner that involves S1PR2. This suggests that specific S1PR2 agonists may serve to counteract the vasodilation associated with anaphylactic shock.
Brain-type creatine kinase has a crucial role in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
Authors: Eun-Ju Chang, Jeongim Ha, Frank Oerlemans, You Jin Lee, Soo Woong Lee, Jiyoon Ryu, Hyung Joon Kim, Youngkyun Lee, Hyun-Man Kim, Je-Yong Choi, Jin Young Kim, Chan Soo Shin, Youngmi Kim Pak, Sakae Tanaka, Bé Wieringa, Zang Hee Lee, Hong-Hee Kim
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
One in five children with persistent cough found to have whooping cough
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A fifth of children who presented to their GP with a persistent cough had whooping cough, even though most had been fully vaccinated, a study has found.

Researchers from the University of Oxford and Public Health England carried out a prospective cohort study to find out whether pertussis is still causing whooping cough among schoolchildren since a preschool booster was added to the childhood vaccination schedule in 2001. This is …
High levels of whole-body energy expenditure are associated with a lower coupling of skeletal muscle mitochondria in C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Sjoerd A.A. van den Berg, Miranda Nabben, Silvia Bijland, Peter J. Voshol, Jan Bert van Klinken, Louis M. Havekes, Johannes A. Romijn, Joris Hoeks, Matthijs K. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, Ko Willems van Dijk
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
The Effects of Surgical Abolition of Left-to-Right Shunts on the Pulmonary Vascular Dynamics of Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: NINA S. BRAUNWALD, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The preoperative and postoperative pulmonary artery pressures, the ratios of pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure, and of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance were compared in 29 patients with congenital heart disease, left-to-right shunts, and pulmonary hypertension. These patients averaged 21 years of age and the time interval between operation and the postoperative catheterization averaged 11 months. The mean pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary artery to systemic artery pressure ratio fell significantly in all 12 patients with extracardiac left-to-right shunts (patent ductus arteriosus and aortopulmonary septal defect) and fell to normal in 10 of them. The pulmonary vascular/systemic vascular resistance ratio was abnormally elevated in only one patient postoperatively. In the 17 patients with atrial and ventricular septal defects the decline in pulmonary artery pressure and in the pulmonary/systemic arterial pressure ratio was less striking than in the patients with extracardiac shunts. These indices were normal postoperatively in only two of the nine patients with atrial septal defects and in none of the eight patients with ventricular septal defects. No significant changes were noted after operation in the pulmonary/systemic vascular resistance ratios in any of the 17 patients with intracardiac left-to-right shunts. From these observations it appears likely that some regression of the abnormalities in the pulmonary vascular bed occurs during the first year after closure of an extracardiac left-to-right shunt. On the other hand, there was little physiologic evidence that such favorable changes followed operation in the patients with atrial or ventricular septal defects.
Intestinal adherence associated with type IV pili of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes, Valério Monteiro-Neto, Maria A. Ledesma, Dianna M. Jordan, Olivera Francetic, James B. Kaper, José Luis Puente, Jorge A. Girón
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

More immediately, a strategy to inhibit the dysregulation of nNOS activity in skeletal muscle may be beneficial.
INFLUENCE OF AGE FACTORS ON IMMUNIZABILITY OF MICE TO RABIES VIRUS
Authors: J. Casals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. W-Swiss mice 60 or more days old are more readily immunizable against rabies virus infection than 20 day old or younger mice; this difference in immunizability with increasing age is most conspicuous when vaccination with virulent virus is followed by intracerebral test infection and least apparent when vaccination with avirulent virus is followed by intramuscular test infection. 2. The titre of circulating neutralizing antibodies does not parallel the titre of immunity.
Bare lymphocyte syndrome. Consequences of absent class II major histocompatibility antigen expression for B lymphocyte differentiation and function.
Authors: L T Clement, S Plaeger-Marshall, A Haas, A Saxon, A M Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The bare lymphocyte syndrome is a rare combined immunodeficiency disorder associated with the absence of class I and/or class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens. Although it has been inferred that the immune deficiency is a consequence of disordered MHC-restricted interactions among otherwise normal cells, the biological capabilities and differentiation of B lymphocytes deficient in class II MHC antigens have not been rigorously analyzed. We have examined the phenotypic and functional attributes of B cells with absent class II MHC antigens. Our data demonstrate that these B cells are intrinsically defective in their responses to membrane-mediated activation stimuli. In addition, virtually all the B cells had phenotypic evidence of arrested differentiation at an immature stage. Finally, these B cells also failed to express the C3d-EBV receptor normally present on all B lymphocytes. These data indicate that class II MHC molecules are vital participants in early events of the B cell activation cascade, and that other non-MHC membrane molecules may also be absent as a consequence of either arrested differentiation or as a result of the basic defect affecting the expression of MHC membrane antigens.
CASES OF EMPYEMA OPENING THROUGH THE BRONCHI
Authors: J. R. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1853)

March 1st.Ile breathed better; the dulness was less; respirations 22; pulse 88; tongue clean; he expectorated with case.Alarch 3rd.Decubitus dorsal; there was tenderness on pcrcussion over the left lateral region inferiorly; and over a s5)ot of three fingers' breadth there was marked and cir- cumscribed dulness on percussion, and the breathing was distant and somewhat blowing; the expectoration was less. March 4th.Respirations 20; pulse 84.March 6th.Cough troublesome; there was some increase of dulness over the false ribs of left side, and here as well as over the spot of circumscribed dulness, there was fine crepi- tation heard; around this, respiration was healthy.Pulse 88; respiration 22. March 8th.He was improving in all respects; the ex- pectoration had been for some days colourless.March 11th.Expectoration was less copious, but very so JAN.14, %F%f r-..
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors decrease coronary sinus-free radical concentration and ameliorate myocardial stunning in an ischemia-reperfusion model
Authors: Yi Zhang, Jeffrey W Bissing, Linjing Xu, Alan J Ryan, Sean M Martin, Francis J Miller, Kevin C Kregel, Garry R Buettner, Richard E Kerber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Prognostic importance of a wide QRS complex in asymptomatic patients with depressed left ventricular function in predicting mortality
Authors: Sunny Srivastava, Amin Al-Ahmad, Munther K. Homoud, Mark S. Link, N.A.Mark Estes, Marvin A. Konstam, Paul J. Wang, Deeb N. Salem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Peter Graeme Arblaster
Authors: J. Mezger
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> Acute tandem occlusions of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and a major intracranial artery respond poorly to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and present an endovascular challenge. We describe our experience with emergency stent-assisted ICA angioplasty and intracranial stent-based thrombectomy of tandem occlusions. <h3>Methods</h3> Procedures were performed from March 2010 to December 2013. National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), occlusion sites, collateral supply, procedural details, and outcomes were retrospectively reviewed with IRB waiver of informed consent. <h3>Results</h3> 24 patients, mean age 66 years, mean admission NIHSS 20.4, and mean ASPECTS 9 were included. Occlusion sites were proximal ICA–middle cerebral artery (MCA) trunk in 17 patients, proximal ICA–ICA terminus in six, and ICA–MCA–anterior cerebral artery in one. Stent-assisted cervical ICA recanalization was achieved in all patients, with unprotected pre-angioplasty in 24/24, unprotected stenting in 16/24 (67%), and protected stenting in 8/24 (33%), followed by stent-thrombectomy in 25 intracranial occlusions. There was complete recanalization/complete perfusion in 19/24 (79%), complete recanalization/partial perfusion in 3/24 (13%), and partial recanalization/partial perfusion in 2/24 (8%) with no procedural morbidity/mortality. Mean time to therapy was 3.8 h (range 2–5.5) and mean time to recanalization was 51 min (range 38–69). At 3-month follow-up, among 17/22 surviving patients (77%), 13/17 (76%) were modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 and 3/17 (18%) were mRS 3. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In acute tandem ICA–MCA/distal ICA occlusions, extracranial stenting followed by intracranial stent-based thrombectomy appears feasible, effective, and safe. Further evaluation of this treatment strategy is warranted.
TCTAP A-175 Impact of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Twelve-month Chronic Total Occlusion Outcomes in Patients with Smoking History
Authors: Yoonjee Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Aspergillus Spinal Epidural Abscess
Authors: Benjamin F Byrd
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A spinal epidural abscess developed in a renal transplant recipient; results of a serum radioimmunoassay for<i>Aspergillus</i>antigen were positive. Laminectomy disclosed an abscess of the L4-5 interspace and L-5 vertebral body that contained hyphal forms and from which<i>Aspergillus</i>species was cultured. Serum<i>Aspergillus</i>antigen radioimmunoassay may be a valuable, specific early diagnostic test when systemic aspergillosis is a consideration in an immunosuppressed host. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:3138-3139)
Suppressing the Antibody Response with Siglec Ligands
Authors: Lars Nitschke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Production of antibodies to self-antigens is a risk factor for autoimmune disease. A potential strategy to suppress production of specific antibodies by B cells may involve stimulation of a class of “repressor” receptors, the sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectins.
838 DISTINCT HEPATITIS C VIRUS KINETICS IN HIV+ PATIENTS TREATED WITH RIBAVIRIN PLUS EITHER PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2A OR ALFA-2B
Authors: E. Vispo, P. Barreiro, S. Rodríguez-Novoa, J. Morello, P. Labarga, L. Martín-Carbonero, I. Maida, P. García-Gascó, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A NEW PRESUMPTIVE TEST FOR PROTHROMBIN DETERMINATION
Authors: Alex W. Ulin
Journal: JAMA (1942)

We wish to present a new presumptive test for determining the prothrombin level in whole blood.  This method utilizes a drop of blood obtained simply by finger prick. Too often on desperately sick patients whose veins have been obliterated by frequent previous venipuncture clinicians have been loath to do prothrombin determinations as frequently as indicated, or indeed they have been frustrated in this particular because of their inability to withdraw an adequate sample of blood. With infants and young children venipuncture is often a major difficulty. Thus a method which obviates venipuncture is desirable. Consequently we have elaborated a method which applies Gibbs's clinical blood coagulometer. 1   In 1924 Gibbs described a new type of clinical blood coagulometer which was simple and accurate. He referred to other types of coagulometers and described the principles involved. Briefly, a drop of blood, freshly drawn by stab puncture, will move freely on a
The negative predictive value of D‐dimer on the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple previous events: A prospective cohort study (the PROLONG PLUS study)
Authors: Walter Ageno, Benilde Cosmi, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Rita Santoro, Eugenio Bucherini, Daniela Poli, Domenico Prisco, Adriano Alatri, Vittorio Pengo, Luca Galli, Francesco Dentali, Gualtiero Palareti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The optimal duration of anticoagulation after recurrent venous thromboembolism(VTE) is poorly established [1,2]. Recent studies suggested that D-dimer may identify patients at low risk of recurrence after a first VTE [3,4]. In a pilot, prospective, cohort study we aimed to assess the negative predictive value of D-dimer in patients with recurrent VTE. Patients with negative D-dimer while on treatment stopped anti coagulation and underwent repeated testing after 7, 15, and 30 days; treatment was resumed if D-dimer turned positive and permanently stopped if it remained negative. The study was interrupted after the enrolment of 75 patients. At that time, treating physicians decided treatment resumption in 12.2% of the patients, but the majority of events were distal or superficial vein thromboses. The rate of objectively documented recurrent proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) was 2.56% (95% CI 0.13, 15.07%) in the 39 patients with persistently negative D-dimer at 30 days, for an annual incidence of VTE of 5.65 events/100 patient/years. These preliminary findings suggest that negative D-dimer may identify patients with history of previous VTE at low risk of recurrences, but this approach should be tested in larger trials in highly selected patients.