tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Discomfort and pain during mammography: description, prediction, and prevention.
Authors: D. R. Rutter, M. Calnan, M. S. Vaile, S. Field, K. A. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To identify the nature of pain and discomfort experienced during mammography and how it can be ameliorated. DESIGN--Questionnaire survey before invitation for mammography and immediately after mammography. Responses before screening were related to experience of discomfort. SETTING--Health district in South East Thames region. SUBJECTS--1160 women aged 50-64 invited routinely for screening; 774 completed first questionnaire, of whom 617 had mammography. 597 completed the second questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Reported discomfort and pain, comparisons of discomfort with that experienced during other medical procedures, qualitative description of pain with adjective checklist. RESULTS--35% (206/597) of the women reported discomfort and 6% (37/595) pain. 10 minutes after mammography these figures were 4% (24/595) and 0.7% (4/595) respectively. More than two thirds of women ranked having a tooth drilled, having a smear test, and giving blood as more uncomfortable than mammography. The most important predictor of discomfort was previous expectation of pain (discomfort was reported by 21/32 (66%) women who expected pain and 186/531 (35%) who did not). Discomfort had little effect on satisfaction or intention to reattend. CONCLUSIONS--The low levels of reported pain and discomfort shortly after mammography and the favourable comparisons with other investigations suggest that current procedures are acceptable. Since two thirds of the women experienced less pain than expected health education and promotion must ensure that accurate information is made available and publicized.
Myoedema in the Detection Of Hypoalbuminemia
Authors: James Lenthall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Myoedema is a localized contraction of a skeletal muscle observed at the site of the infliction of a sharp but light blow by an object such as a percussion hammer. The contracted muscle forms a ridge, transverse to the long axis of the fibers of the muscle. This abnormal phenomenon does not represent edema of muscle as the term implies. The contraction usually persists for five to eight seconds. Muscle hyperirritability due to imbalance of the intracellular ratio of sodium to potassium has been suggested as the cause of this phenomenon. 1 Myoedema has been observed in patients with chronic pulmonary disease and other chronic debilitating illnesses and has recently been suggested as a simple, reliable bedside test for detection of hypoalbuminemia. 2,3 Conn and Smith 2 reported myoedema to be present in all of 44 patients with albumin levels below 3 gm/100 ml. Of 28 patients
Allied Health Accreditation Faces Major Changes
Authors: Barbara Weithaus
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FROM a national perspective, the past 2 years have been an unsettling time in higher education accreditation, both for accrediting bodies and for educational institutions. Tensions generated by groups critical of current accreditation practices have been exacerbated by a general climate of dissatisfaction with higher education, expressed by members of the public who invest in education and by elected officials seeking greater accountability. The expectations for higher education have effected major upheavals in accreditation systems, higher education, and other associations and groups involved in accrediting activities. These upheavals compelled swift and positive action and energized the accrediting community to examine the effectiveness of its system. Since 1991, when the Advisory Committee on Accreditation and Institutional Eligibility of the US Secretary of Education deferred renewal of recognition for a regional accrediting commission, other accrediting bodies—national, regional, institutional, and specialized— have become the focus of negative publicity that reflects a variety of
Up-Regulation of Endothelial Delta-like 4 Expression Correlates with Vessel Maturation in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Nilay S. Patel, Michael S. Dobbie, Mark Rochester, Graham Steers, Richard Poulsom, Karena Le Monnier, David W. Cranston, Ji-Liang Li, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression are associated with a poor outcome in bladder cancer. To understand more about the mechanisms, we studied the role of delta-like 4 (DLL4), an endothelial-specific ligand of the Notch signaling pathway, in bladder cancer angiogenesis. Experimental Design: The expression of DLL4, CD34, and VEGF were studied in a cohort of 60 bladder tumors and 10 normal samples using quantitative PCR. In situ hybridization was used to study the pattern of DLL4 expression in 22 tumor and 9 normal samples. Serial sections were also stained for CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) using conventional immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of DLL4 was significantly up-regulated in superficial (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and invasive (P &amp;lt; 0.05) bladder cancers. DLL4 expression significantly correlated with CD34 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and VEGF (P &amp;lt; 0.001) expression. The in situ hybridization studies showed that DLL4 was highly expressed within bladder tumor vasculature. Additionally, DLL4 expression significantly correlated with vessel maturation as judged by periendothelial cell expression of α-SMA, 98.7% of DLL4-positive tumor vessels coexpressed α-SMA, compared with 64.5% of DLL4-negative tumor vessels (P &amp;lt; 0.001). High DLL4 expression may have prognostic value in superficial and invasive bladder. Conclusion: DLL4 expression is associated with vascular differentiation in bladder cancer; thus, targeting DLL4 may be a novel antiangiogenic therapy.
A Study of Neomycin Instillation Into Orthopedic Surgical Wounds
Authors: Benjamin A. Nachamie
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The use of parenterally administered antibiotics preoperatively and postoperatively in orthopedic procedures has not proved significantly effective in preventing postoperative infection. This present controlled study (466 patients in a 28-month period) investigated the effect of local neomycin sulfate irrigation of orthopedic surgical wounds before closure on postoperative wound healing and complications. By the technique of irrigation and the doses of neomycin sulfate instilled into the wound (100 cc of 0.1% solution), there was no evidence that the antibiotic significantly altered the rate of infection or wound healing in osseous or soft tissue orthopedic wounds with or without metal implants.
On the differential mediating role of emotions in revenge and reconciliation
Authors: David Leiser, Lisa Joskowicz-Jabloner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract McCullough et al. suggest that revenge and forgiveness rest upon risk computation. Risk computation is implemented by emotions that evolved for additional functions, giving rise to phenomena such as betrayal aversion and taboo-tradeoffs, and specific patterns of forgiveness we have documented. A complete account of revenge and reconciliation should incorporate broader constructs from social psychology, including emotions and values hierarchies.
Wallace's Line
Authors: C.M.E.Rowland Payne, A.C. Branfoot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Wallace's Line Get access C.M.E.Rowland Payne, C.M.E.Rowland Payne Department of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London SWi, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. Branfoot A.C. Branfoot Department of Histopathology, Westminster Hospital, London SWi, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 513–522, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02859.x Published: 01 April 1986
ZAP-70 Compared with Immunoglobulin Heavy-Chain Gene Mutation Status as a Predictor of Disease Progression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Laura Z. Rassenti, Lang Huynh, Tracy L. Toy, Liguang Chen, Michael J. Keating, John G. Gribben, Donna S. Neuberg, Ian W. Flinn, Kanti R. Rai, John C. Byrd, Neil E. Kay, Andrew Greaves, Arthur Weiss, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is variable. In aggressive disease, the CLL cells usually express an unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region gene (IgVH ) and the 70-kD zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70), whereas in indolent disease, the CLL cells usually express mutated IgVH but lack expression of ZAP-70.
Cancer Immunotherapy — The Endgame Begins
Authors: Louis M. Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In 1987, an editorial accompanying a report on the use of high-dose interleukin-2 therapy for cancer asked whether the field of immunotherapy was at "the beginning of the end" or "the end of the beginning."1 In retrospect, I would say it was at the "beginning of the beginning." Have we made progress since then? Finn, in her review of tumor immunology in this issue of the Journal (pages 2704–2715), answers emphatically in the affirmative, and the report by Hunder et al., also in this issue (pages 2698–2703), underscores the remarkable potential of the immune system to eradicate cancer, even when . . .
SP0048 Spondylarthropathy- a fibroblast driven disease?
Authors: R. Lories
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Fibroblasts, in particular the synovial cells, play a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Recent evidence not only supports the concept that they are involved in the destruction of the joint tissues but also that they may migrate between joints. Far less is known about the role of fibroblasts in the other group of chronic inflammatory joint diseases, spondyloarthritis. In particular in ankylosis spondylitis, fibroblasts may be primary mediators of the disease processes. Fibroblasts-like cells in the periosteum, synovium, bone marrow and enthesis can be linked to mechano-responses and are likely producers of growth factors that stimulate cell differentiation. This may lead to the characteristic phenotype of spondyloarthritis with new cartilage and bone formation leading to ankylosis. Indeed, all these tissues were shown to contain mesenchymal stem or progenitor cell population capable of such differentiation processes. The cells may also produce chemokines and some proinflammatory cytokines linked to the further development of arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Contractility of lungs and air-tubes: experiments performed in 1840 by Charles J.B. Williams
Authors: J Lotvall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In the 18th century, some medical practitioners considered the main pathological feature of asthma to be the production of mucus. Later, during the 19th century, airway smooth muscle contraction was recognized to be a possible cause of airflow obstruction. However, not until 1840 was the contractility of airway smooth muscle clearly established by Charles J.B. Williams, a famous London physician. In a number of innovative experiments in dogs, rabbits, livestock and even donkeys, he showed: 1) that airways contract in response to electrical stimulation; 2) that the observed contractions are almost totally abolished by belladonna and stramonium (anticholinergics); 3) that the responses faded over time; and 4) that morphine inhibited the observed responses. Application of irritant fluids into the tracheal lumen produced similar responses. These interesting observations made by Williams will be reviewed, and related to current theories concerning modulation of airway smooth muscle responsiveness.
THE DECREASE IN MORTALITY OF DIPHTHERIA SINCE THE INTRODUCTION OF TREATMENT WITH ANTITOXIC SERUM.
Authors: WILLIAM P. MUNN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

has made no appreciable alteration.However, we can show some decline, and if this is small, the record pre¬ sented since the antitoxin period has been the smallest ever noted.As the Philadelphia statistics have never been presented, I now give them.Independent inves¬ tigations made by myself have1 shown some remarkable results.They date from 1882, and were first begun to prove the unity of diphtheria and croup.My investi¬ gations were mostly clinical, and for the purpose of proof-being one of the first to recognize and prove the unity of these diseases from a clinical standpoint-I sought and obtained the assistance of Mr. J. V. B. Tur¬ ner, the registrar of the Philadelphia Board of Health, and through him obtained the statistics of Philadelphia1, and presented them for this purpose.I sought to show that whenever diphtheria was more or less prevalent in Philadelphia, so was croup, and the ratio was always the same, as was the mortality.These statistics are of value here in this paper, for they show, no matter how the rest of the world progresses in the science of preventive medicine, that Philadelphia stands alone.Remarkable as it seems, it is nevertheless true, for, be¬ ing a resident of this city, I still meet many who have not taken up the modern method of treating diphtheria, and a majority of those who only use it partially.For such as these it will take more than figures to convince, and the1 only argument that suffices is the brute force of experience.Records have been carefully kept only since 1887, and the following table is an abstract of those given me by our municipal authorities.They will explain themselves.
An Unusual Complication of Laparoscopy: Pneumopericardium
Authors: J.M. Herrerías, A. Ariza, M. Garrido
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Case report of a 17-year-old man with acute bridging hepatitis in whom laparoscopy was followed by subcuteneous emphysema, penumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. No previous report has been published on pneumopericardium as a complication of laparoscopy.
Prognosis for infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: N R Robertson, J P Tizard
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Infants with the idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome admitted to the intensive care unit during January 1972 to September 1974 were reviewed. The overall mortality rate for infants whose birth weight was 1000 g or more was under 10%, and for those who established spontaneous respiration after birth it was less than 5%. The hyperoxia test was not a useful guide to prognosis. It was possible on the basis of the infants' ability to establish spontaneous ventilation after birth to divide them into two groups. In those who established adequate ventilation the mortality rate was 4-5%; in those who did not it was 57%. This test should be generally applied, since not only does it give an immediate guide to the severity of the disease, which is better than that provided by birth weight, gestational age, or the hyperoxia test, but it may be applied to infants born in and outside a hospital providing neonatal intensive care. Improvement in the outlook for infants with a bad prognosis will be achieved only by improvements in perinatal care designed to minimize severe intrapartum asphyxia in infants of low birth weight.
Viral Hepatitis—1975
Authors: Marcel E Conrad, Robert G Knodell
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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P1-11-13: Improvement in the Quality of Care for Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer through Implementation of an Integrated Electronic Care Pathway.
Authors: S Hogeveen, D Han, RL George, M Sweet-Goldstein, RE Dinniwell, D Muradali, CB Brezden, R Haq, CE Simmons
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) refers to the most advanced stage of non-metastatic tumours with an incidence of approximately 10% in newly diagnosed breast cancers. Currently, for optimal care, patients with LABC require a multidisciplinary approach including coordinated planning with medical, surgical and radiation oncologists. Many barriers may exist in co-ordinating timely management of these patients. Care pathways are important tools to streamline care and data collection and feedback allows for quality improvement in clinical practice. We created an interactive electronic care pathway and self populating quality assurance database at St. Michael's Hospital (SMH) to facilitate multidisciplinary teams to track LABC patient histories and patient treatments in order to coordinate therapy effectively and expedite care (LABC E-PATH). Methods: This is an observational before-and-after cohort study of patients with LABC with a retrospective review pre-implementation and prospective collection of clinical data post-implementation. The completeness of workup and the timeliness of treatment pre- and post-implementation were assessed. Results: With the implementation of the LABC E-PATH in May 2010, the time between the referral of an LABC patient to a medical oncologist and consultation has decreased from 7 days (range 0 to 493) pre-implementation to 2 days (range 0 to 29) post-implementation. The time between referral to medical oncologist and the start of their chemotherapy treatment decreased significantly from a median of 19 days to 8 days (pre-implementation: range = 0 to 493, postimplementation: range = 0 to 128) (p=0.0028). All pre-treatment staging was completed faster post-implementation of the LABC e-path than pre-implementation, expediting time to initiation of chemotherapy. The number of referrals for LABC to the SMH program increased from &amp;lt; 1 patient per month to 4 patients per month post-implementation. Conclusions: The LABC E-PATH has achieved its goal of expediting care and overcoming barriers to timely treatment in this patient population. It has also ensured timely and appropriate resource allocation. This unique system may also be applied to other disease sites where coordination of a multi-disciplinary team is critical for appropriate patient management. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-13.
Technetium-99m HM-PAO Images (Planar and SPECT) of the Human Brain
Authors: HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM, SAMY A. SADEK, MOHAMMED EL SAYED, EZZAT HIGAZI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Tc-99m HM-PAO has a great potential in the assessment of regional brain perfusion in various neurologic disorders. An atlas of planar and SPECT images of the normal and abnormal human brain has been generated using Tc-99m HM-PAO as the tracer.
A medical conundrum: onset of psoriasis in patients receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor agents
Authors: C Ritchlin, F Tausk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Life is a paradox. Every truth has its counterpart which contradicts it, and every philosopher supplies the logic for his own undoing.    Elbert Hubbard 

In the past decade, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists have been found to be remarkably effective for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease.1 These agents also dramatically lessen inflammation and improve the quality of life in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.2 The TNF-blocking agents have been relatively safe, although some concerns have been raised on the basis of a recent meta-analysis of trial data that identified an increased risk of serious infections and solid malignancy in a small percentage of patients treated with anti-TNF antibodies.3 Of late, attention has also focused on a wide spectrum of skin lesions arising in patients treated with TNF antagonists.4 The list is quite extensive, but some of the more common dermatological conditions include skin infections, skin tumours, discoid lupus, eczema, vasculitis and drug-related eruptions. Perhaps one of the most perplexing lesions are the psoriasiform eruptions that have been described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease and Behcet’s disease during anti-TNF treatment, particularly because TNF is a pivotal molecule in the pathophysiology of psoriatic skin lesions.5

To date, 30 cases of psoriasiform skin eruptions have been reported in patients receiving TNF antagonists.6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Table 1 summarises the demographics and information regarding diagnosis, type of TNF antagonist and details of the appearance and resolution of the skin lesions. Most of the patients had underlying rheumatoid arthritis, although this may simply reflect the fact that more patients with this diagnosis receive treatment with anti-TNF agents. Eight patients were receiving treatment for ankylosing spondylitis, two had inflammatory bowel disease and two …
Maintenance of target hemoglobin level in stable hemodialysis patients constitutes a theoretical task: a historical prospective study
Authors: José M. Portolés, Ángel L.M. de Francisco, José L. Górriz, Alberto Martínez-Castelao, Juan M. López-Gómez, Manuel Arias, Juan J. de la Cruz, Aleix Cases, Evaristo Fernández, Pedro Aljama
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Morning Glory Seed Reaction
Authors: Albert L. Ingram
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DURING the past 18 months, there have been sporadic references in the literature and in the popular press to the ingestion of the lowly morning glory (<i>Ipomoea</i>) seed. This phenomenon is apparently one more evidence of man's search for substances that will profoundly affect his thinking and his feeling. For centuries mankind has sought new experiences by deliberate ingestion of substances having mind-altering properties. The early discovery of herbs or plants with the ability to alter perceptions or states of consciousness was entirely accidental and the search for such substances purely on a trial and error basis. It was soon learned that vegetable alkaloids contained in plants having such properties were responsible for the production of psychic phenomena. An impressive list of such plants, including cahobe, betel nut, muscari, soma, peyote, and the seed of the morning glory is now available as a result of scientific investigation. One of the