tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Pleasant Drive in the Country
Authors: Lee N. Hames
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Many adults can remember, with a certain amount of nostalgia, climbing into the family car on a Sunday and driving out on country roads for a relaxing ride in bucolic surroundings. Today, a spreading megalopolis has engulfed the countryside, and to get to the land of trees and lakes and clover and corn, one must take a long trip on an expressway from which the scenery can only be seen in kaleidoscopic glances between billboards and road signs at 65 or 70 mph. If you drive more slowly, tailgaters, weavers, and horn blowers will make life miserable for you, and if you slow down below 40 mph, you may be run down by a truck or even arrested for impeding traffic. Assuming that you have reached the peaceful land without becoming an accident statistic, your search for a country road on which it is safe for you to mosey along
Quality-of-Care Indicators for Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
Authors: Benjamin A. Spencer, Michael Steinberg, Jennifer Malin, John Adams, Mark S. Litwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Decisions regarding treatment for early-stage prostate cancer are frustrated not only by inadequate evidence favoring one treatment modality but also by the absence of data comparing quality among providers. In fact, the choice of provider may be as important as the choice of treatment. We undertook this study to develop an infrastructure to evaluate variations in quality of care for men with early-stage prostate cancer.We enlisted several sources to develop a list of proposed quality-of-care indicators and covariates. After an extensive structured literature review and a series of focus groups with patients and their spouses, we conducted structured interviews with national academic leaders in prostate cancer treatment. We then convened an expert panel using the RAND consensus method to discuss and rate the validity and feasibility of the proposed quality indicators and covariates.The panel endorsed 49 quality-of-care indicators and 14 covariates, which make up our final list of candidate measures. Several domains of quality are represented in the selected indicators, including patient volume, pretreatment referrals, preoperative testing, interpretation of pathology specimens, and 10-year disease-free survival. Covariates include measures of case-mix, such as patient age and comorbidity.This study establishes a foundation on which to build quality-of-care assessment tools to evaluate the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer. The next step is to field-test the indicators for feasibility, reliability, validity, and clinical utility in a population-based sample. This work will begin to inform medical decision-making for patients and their physicians.
Underwater discovery of Roman surgical equipment.
Authors: C. Edge, D. Gibbins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Ancient shipwrecks can yield much information about contemporary culture, such as the food eaten, clothes worn, and domestic equipment used.Off the south east coast of Sicily, 3 km from the ancient city of Syracuse, lie the remains ofa Roman shipwreck known simply as "Plemmiro B." Pottery amphoras, the "jerrycans" of antiquity, are scattered on the seabed at a depth of 30 m.These and objects from the kitchen stores-terracotta lamps, glass vessels, and cooking pots-have been dated and show that the ship foun- dered around AD 200.She was carrying a cargo of fish paste, olive oil, and iron bars when she sank, probably in one of the fierce storms that are common off the Sicilian coast.Investigation ofthe site ofthe wreck in 1983-7 under the guidance of one of us (DG) led to a unique find.Careful sifting of the black sediment at the bottom of a gully uncovered a small bronze object.At first we thought that it was part of the ship's equipment, though we were uncertain of its purpose.Further research, however, showed that it was a bronze scalpel handle, the first recorded specimen found from an ancient shipwreck.The long slender point was a blunt dissector, but the crescent shaped iron scalpel blade that would have been attached to the other end had corroded away: iron rarely survives in archaeological sites, and few extant examples of such blades are known.Subsequent excavation uncovered two more scalpel handles of identical manufacture to the first (although one was without the blunt dissector) and a long wooden shaft, which may have been a "bandaging stick" for winding tourniquets.The scalpel without the blunt dissector had been combined with a second instrument made of iron, the remains of which were preserved in a hole at the end of the handle.This was probably a solid cataract needle-a rare combination with a scalpel.All three handles showed metallic residue from the iron scalpel blades as well as the remains of solder or iron wire used to bind them securely in place.
Observations ON THE PATHOGENICITY AND TREATMENT OF FLAGELLATE DYSENTERY
Authors: H. E. Whittingham
Journal: BMJ (1923)

thymol, enetine bisinuthous iodide, -and lavage of the colon.-4.All cases of recurrent diarrhoea or neurasthenia for which no cause can be found, and in whom flagellates can be detected in the stools, should have a course of treatment as outlined above.
Ocular Effects of Gravity Inversion-Reply
Authors: Robert N. Weinreb
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Sadun that increases in intracranial arterial and venous pressure undoubtedly occur with inversion and are reflected by the increase in ophthalmic artery pressure as measured by ophthalmodynamometry. As he points out, one of the most important circulatory effects of the inverted posture is elevation of venous pressure.<sup>1</sup>We are alarmed by the close association of a subdural hematoma with gravity inversion and are unaware of any other such reports. Patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension show elevation of intraocular pressure with gravity inversion as do normal subjects.<sup>2</sup>We share the concerns of Drs O'Connor and Poirier that inverted posturing achieved using gravity-inversion devices or slant boards or by performing head stands may raise intraocular pressures to harmful levels. Their case documents progressive field loss in a patient whose daily exercise routine substantially increased his intraocular pressure. While a direct cause and effect
Should the Medical Schools Care? Some Comments on Family Practice
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IT is hard for me to believe that the 1930's are as far from the present as the gay 90's were from my youth, but the current movies prove it to me. I find these movies bittersweet because a camera uncluttered by reality shows the cities and people of my youth as clean and grand as they should have been, with as much of a pattern and meaning to life as to tragedy. Nostalgia is a great comfort and the cousin of fashion; it gives the 50-year-old man a second chance to enjoy what his straitened youth could not so . . .
MicroRNA-1258 Suppresses Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis by Targeting Heparanase
Authors: Lixin Zhang, Peggy S. Sullivan, Jerry C. Goodman, Preethi H. Gunaratne, Dario Marchetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Heparanase (HPSE) is a potent protumorigenic, proangiogenic, and prometastatic enzyme that is overexpressed in brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC). However, little is known about the regulation of this potential therapeutic target in BMBC, which remains very poorly managed in the clinic. We hypothesized that HPSE gene expression might be regulated by micro RNA that might be exploited therapeutically. Using miRanda and RNAhybrid, we identified miR-1258 as a candidate micro RNA that may directly target HPSE and suppress BMBC. In support of our hypothesis, we found that miR-1258 levels inversely correlated with heparanase expression, enzymatic activity, and cancer cell metastatic propensities, being lowest in highly aggressive BMBC cell variants compared with either nontumorigenic or nonmetastatic human mammary epithelial cells. These findings were validated by analyses of miR-1258 and heparanase content in paired clinical specimens of normal mammary gland versus invasive ductal carcinoma, and primary breast cancer versus BMBC. In regulatory experiments, miR-1258 inhibited the expression and activity of heparanase in BMBC cells, whereas modulating heparanase blocked the phenotypic effects of miR-1258. In functional experiments, stable expression of miR-1258 in BMBC cells inhibited heparanase in vitro cell invasion and experimental brain metastasis. Together, our findings illustrate how micro RNA mechanisms are linked to brain metastatic breast cancer through heparanase control, and they offer a strong rationale to develop heparanase-based therapeutics for treatment of cancer patients with brain metastases, BMBC in particular. Cancer Res; 71(3); 645–54. ©2011 AACR.
Abstract P3-07-01: Clonal Relatedness between Lobular Carcinoma In Situ and Synchronous Malignant Lesions: Analysis of Fresh Frozen Tissue Using SNP Array
Authors: VP Andrade, M Morrogh, D Giri, I Ostrovnaya, V Seshan, N Olvera, C Begg, M Morrow, TA. King
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) confers one of the greatest risks for subsequent development of invasive breast carcinoma yet historical data suggests that LCIS is not a precursor to invasive disease. Emerging evidence of shared molecular alterations between LCIS and co-existing invasive lesions in a small number of archival samples have reopened the debate regarding the true significance of LCIS and its malignant potential. METHODS: We investigated clonality between LCIS and adjacent malignant lesions in 26 patients using fresh frozen samples harvested from mastectomy specimens. Laser Capture Microdissection was used to isolate pure cell populations and DNA was subject to Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array. Data were converted for copy number analysis and the closeness of identified paired copy number changes was measured to determine the probability of clonality. RESULTS: After excluding cases with low DNA yield/quality and noise signals, 14 LCIS with seven patient matched invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC), 6 matched ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 3 matched invasive ductal carcinomas with lobular features (IDCLF) were considered adequate for statistical comparison. The immunohistochemical profile of invasive cancer showed: 10 cases ER+/PR+/Her-2(-), 2 cases ER-/PR-/Her-2(+), 1 ER-/PR-/Her2(-) and 1 case non-available for staining (microinvasive carcinoma). The results suggest that the tumor pairs are more likely to be of clonal than independent origin between LCIS and DCIS in 4/6 samples (66.6%), between LCIS and low-grade IDCLF in 3/3 (100%) samples and between LCIS and classic ILC in 5/7 (71.4%) samples. Independent LCIS/DCIS samples were seen in association with Her2+ cancers. In LCIS/DCIS samples favoring a clonal origin the DCIS were low-grade cribriform type associated with ER+ cancers. CONCLUSION: Clonal relatedness was detected in the majority of LCIS and adjacent malignancies, including cases of low-grade DCIS and IDCLF. These results support a true precursor role for LCIS and provide additional evidence to the concept of a low-grade malignancy pathway as opposed to the classic lobular versus ductal dichotomy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-01.
Thoracoscopic Appendage Exclusion With an Atriclip Device As a Solo Treatment for Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Stefano Benussi, Patrizio Mazzone, Giuseppe Maccabelli, Pasquale Vergara, Antonio Grimaldi, Alberto Pozzoli, Pietro Spagnolo, Ottavio Alfieri, Paolo Della Bella
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Genetic Subgrouping of Melanoma Reveals New Opportunities for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Keiran S.M. Smalley, Katherine L. Nathanson, Keith T. Flaherty
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The discovery of activating oncogenic BRAF V600E mutations in the majority of melanomas has not yet been translated into more effective therapy. The failure of agents may be due to lack of sufficiently targeted therapeutics, but is more likely based on the activation of multiple oncogenic pathways in melanomas in addition to the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In contrast, there are groups of melanomas that instead rely on either c-KIT or CRAF signaling that may be amenable to single-agent targeted therapy. In the current review, we discuss how knowledge about these new melanoma subgroups may lead to improved strategies for treating melanomas harboring BRAF V600E mutations.
Scientists discover the prion for BSE in urine
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A urine test can detect the prion that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, according to Jerusalem researchers who are developing a commercial kit for this purpose. Infected animals and humans can be identified even when asymptomatic.

The test might make it possible to save unaffected cows from slaughter when some in a herd have been found to be infected. In addition, it might be possible to identify carriers of the human variant and prevent them from donating blood, while other people could give blood even if they spent time in affected …
ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY FOR FIBROIDS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

belonged to the class of toxins or to that of the gre- garina, it is certainly difficult to say.That it is true that the morbid condition found in these three cases was due to the ingestion of particles of this fish is evident from the fact that no more nor no less than the number which ate of the fish were affected, while forty-four other men all subjected to the very same conditions of daily life as those affected and occupy- ing the same compartment with them as sleeping quarters, remained during the entire voyage utterly free from any contagion or infection.
Series Introduction: The immuno-neuroendocrine interface
Authors: Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Neuro-immune interfaceThe CNS and the various endocrine organs are linked in a dynamic manner through networks of reciprocal interactions that allow for both long-term adaptation and short-term shifts in environmental conditions.These regulatory systems embrace the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and any of several target glands, including the adrenal gland and the thyroid.Because the anterior pituitary gland secretes at least six key hormones -adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), and the gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone -such diverse parameters as cell integrity, stress responses, growth, development, reproduction, and energy homeostasis are all directly or indirectly under central control (1).In addition, largely because of the dominant role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation and immunity are also subject to neuroendocrine effects.The articles in this Perspective series explore some of the developmental, physiological, and molecular interactions occurring at the immuno-neuroendocrine interface.
THE TREATMENT OF YELLOW FEVER.
Authors: JAMES CARROLL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The treatment of yellow fever is a subject of very great importance and secondary only to the question of prophylaxis or prevention. We are now able, by promptly instituting the proper measures, to control the spread of this disease, and if the treatment of the persons already affected be successful, the excitement and panic that so frequently follow its invasion may be averted. It is important to bear in mind that the disease is one of short duration, and if the patient's strength and vitality can be maintained throughout the critical period his recovery is practically assured, provided, of course, that he was previously in good health and free from organic lesion. Let us first review the treatment pursued by some of the older authorities and then, aided by the light of modern pathology, consider what modes of treatment will be simplest, safest and at the same time afford the
Dissolution of Biliary Duct Stones without Papillotomy in a Patient with Billroth II Resection and Crohn's Disease
Authors: E. Zillessen, B. Louis, H.C. Dürr
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A patient with a Billroth II resection and Crohn's disease subsequently developed obstructive jaundice and biliary sepsis. Three hepatic duct stones were demonstrated by ERC. After overcoming the obstruction by means of temporary retrograde internal drainage, perfusion of glyceryl-1-monooctanoate-carnosine and bile-acid-EDTA solution (2) was combined with sucralfate instillation into the blind loop via a duodenal tube. During successful treatment of the cholangiolithiasis, no deterioration of Crohn's disease was seen. Secondary effects such as abdominal pain or diarrhoea, were treated symptomatically.
Treatment of Tetanus by Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: Luke R. Pascale, Richard J. Wallyn, Samuel Goldfein, Stanley H. Gumbiner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Observations in nine patients with clinical tetanus reveal active regression of symptoms following hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The progression of the disease was arrested and reversed. Seizures were reduced. The mental clarity and cooperation of these patients resulted in better control of respiratory problems and nutritional requirements. The need for tetanus antitoxin and tracheotomy was avoided.
Performance Ratings and Plan Selection by Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jack Hoadley
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Time Trends in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Recently Infected Persons
Authors: Robert M. Grant
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextTransmission of multiclass drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may increase with wider use of antiretroviral therapy.ObjectiveTo determine trends in prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among recently infected individuals in a geographic area with a high penetration of antiviral treatment.Design, Setting, and PatientsConsecutive case series of 225 patients referred to a San Francisco, Calif, hospital with recent HIV-1 infection from June 1996 through June 2001.Main Outcome MeasureTime trends in the prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic primary drug resistance.ResultsMutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) steadily increased from 0% in 1996-1997 to 12 (13.2%) in 2000-2001 (P = .01). There was 1 mutation associated with protease inhibitor resistance in 1996-1997 (2.5%) and there were 7 (7.7%) in 2000-2001 (P = .25). Genotypic resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) initially decreased and then returned to prior levels (P = .007 for test of homogeneity). Genotypic resistance to 2 or more classes of drugs increased from 1 (2.5%) to 12 (13.2%) (P = .004), but only 1 infection (1.2%) in the latter period was resistant to all 3 classes of agents (P = .58). Primary phenotypic resistance decreased for NRTIs from 21% to 6.2% (P = .03) and increased for NNRTIs from 0 to 8 (9.9%) (P = .02). Phenotypic resistance increased for protease inhibitors from 2.6% to 6.2% (P = .32). Median time to virologic suppression (<500 copies/mL) during therapy was 12 weeks for patients with genotypic evidence of resistance compared with 5 weeks for patients with drug-sensitive infections (P = .02).ConclusionsThe frequency of primary resistance to NNRTIs is increasing, although resistance to all available classes of antiretroviral therapy remains rare. Genotypic resistance testing in recently infected persons predicts time to viral suppression during therapy.
Childbed Fever: A Scientific Biography of Ignaz Semmelweis
Authors: T. Keith Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1994)

There is a mission hospital in Africa named "Ile Abiye," which means "A House Where Babies Are Born Alive." The name reflects the gratitude of a people who saw the wonder of modern medical aseptic techniques and antibiotics bring life to an area where mothers gave birth to children under high-risk conditions. The Carters introduce<i>Childbed Fever</i>, their study of Dr Semmelweis and his times, by quoting from a senior physician of the 19th century who referred to "maternity clinics—birth houses, as they were called—[as] really houses of death." He stated that "the morgue is always full of corpses from the maternity wards, like fish on a slab." This delightful, clearly written little book is not so much the biography of a man as the biography of a disease: puerperal fever. Before the book is over we realize that the disease is but one manifestation of the ubiquitous streptococcus. The
WITHDRAWN: The Acute and early (&lt;30 days) unmasking of tuberculosis by antiretroviral therapy in africa and other resource limited settings
Authors: A. Kambugu, E. Nabenkema, J. Baalwa, L. John, P. Kalimugogo, R. Colebunders, R. Kyeyune, S. Kaliba
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
335. Global Transcriptional Profiles of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Treated with IGF-1
Authors: C. Ramana Bhasker, Shaochun Song, Theodore Friedmann
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

These studies were intended to characterize the mechanisms of action of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in myoblasts. Toward that end, we exposed cultures of murine C2C12 myoblasts to IGF-1 and examined the global gene expression profiles of the cells using a high-density oligonucleotide array platform (Affymetrix, mouse 430A) containing about 22,600 probe sets. We identified approximately 94, 180 and 221 genes that were up-regulated at least two fold relative to control cells (zero time point) at 1, 2 and 4 hours respectively.
H3K9 methylation is a barrier during somatic cell reprogramming into iPSCs
Authors: Jiekai Chen, He Liu, Jing Liu, Jing Qi, Bei Wei, Jiaqi Yang, Hanquan Liang, You Chen, Jing Chen, Yaran Wu, Lin Guo, Jieying Zhu, Xiangjie Zhao, Tianran Peng, Yixin Zhang, Shen Chen, Xuejia Li, Dongwei Li, Tao Wang, Duanqing Pei
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)