tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of health care advice given in primary care on cardiovascular risk
Authors: L H Lindholm, T Ekbom, C Dash, M Eriksson, G Tibblin, B Schersten
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the additional benefit of "intensive" health care advice through six group sessions, compared with the advice usually offered to subjects with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. <b>Design</b>: Prospective, randomised controlled clinical study lasting 18 months. <b>Setting</b>: 681 subjects aged 30-59 years, with at least two cardiovascular risk factors in addition to moderately high lipid concentrations: total cholesterol &gt;/=6.5 mmol/l on three occasions, triglycerides &lt;4.0 mmol/l, and ratio of low density lipoprotein cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol &gt;4.0. Most (577) of the subjects were men. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Percentage reduction in total cholesterol concentration (target 15%); quantification of the differences between the two types of health care advice (intensive v usual) for the Framingham cardiovascular risk and for individual risk factors. <b>Results</b>: In the group receiving intensive health care advice total cholesterol concentration decreased by 0.15 mmol/l more (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.26) than in the group receiving usual advice. The overall Framingham risk dropped by 0.068 more (0.014 to 0.095) in the group receiving intensive advice, and most of the risk factors showed a greater change in a favourable direction in this group than in the group receiving usual advice, but the differences were seldom significant. The results from questionnaires completed at the group sessions showed that the subjects improved their lifestyle and diet. <b>Conclusion</b>: Limited additional benefit was gained from being in the group receiving the intensive health care advice. It is difficult to make an important impact on cardiovascular risk in primary care by using only the practice staff. Better methods of communicating the messages need to be devised. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This multicentre study examined the effects of "usual" or "intensive" health care advice on 681 subjects aged 30-59 years with a moderately high cholesterol concentration and two or more other cardiovascular risk factors The intensive advice programme was based mainly on group sessions led by doctors and nurses from health centres The study found that after 18 months of intervention limited additional benefit was derived from the intensive health care advice Messages and the means of delivering them to individuals in need should be customised for each person
Science of Olfaction
Authors: Alan R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1993)

At long last a book about olfaction with a psychiatric slant! Under the editors' leadership, the linkage between olfaction and cerebral function is eloquently explored. The book has three parts: historical introduction, basic science, and clinical application. Readers not involved with laboratory research may find the basic science section of little clinical utility and may wish to move on to immerse themselves in the fascinating world of clinical olfaction. The olfactory-neuropsychiatric linkage is explored within the framework of pathological states, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. In particularly good chapters, Bieber, Bieber, and Friedman address the genital-nasal link and Ehrlichman and Bastone outline the effect of odor on behavior and mood states. Insights from cases and studies of human subjects make this a particularly fun read. That the affective memory of odors is contextually specific is seen by
Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele
Authors: Joe Leigh Simpson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACUTE GONORRHOEA TREATED BY ELECTROLYSIS
Authors: C. Russ
Journal: BMJ (1915)

1'.BJrI *999 the clhest or abdomen, and Ino sign of fluid in either.Neither tend(lerness nor swelling could he made out in the kidniev regions, anid there was lno oedema anywhere apart from the puffiness of the face.The urine contained a consi(lerable cloud of albumin, and was of a strong colour.The patient had no photoplhobia, or double vision, or squint, anid his mentalityv was practically normal except for tardilness.While lying down he could lift his legs to any position, and was able to turn over quite well, anid to support himself hialf recumbent on his right si(le while micturating.He was also able to stand up when supportecl on one si(le but seemed very nervous about it.The
Time to Redefine the Duration of Antimicrobial Treatment in Male Patients With Urinary Infections
Authors: Alex Smithson, Javier Ramos, Maria Teresa Bastida
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Symposium on Target Organ Toxicity: cardiovascular system. The epidemiologic approach.
Authors: S Pell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Epidemiological studies rarely provide unequivocal data on the effects of toxic substances on human health. Unlike experimental studies, pertinent variables frequently cannot be controlled and some are often unknown. Nevertheless, these limitations can be dealt with by various facets of an epidemiological investigation. These include, the choice of a study design, selection of controls or comparison populations, evaluation of available data, statistical analysis, and the drawing of appropriate inferences from the data. Among the special problems that might be encountered in studies of the effects of cardiotoxic substances are, difficulties in establishing diagnoses, errors in death certificates, observer errors in electrocardiographic interpretations, and taking into account the effects of various risk factors known to be implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. In spite of various methodological problems and certain inherent limitations of epidemiological studies, they can, when properly conducted, make significant contributions to knowledge of disease etiology and provide the means of reducing the risk of a disease, even when its etiology is not completely known.
Limitations of von Reyn and Duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis
Authors: G. Habib, J.-P. Casalta, J. Lefevre, F. Blou, M. Garcia, P.E. Fournier, J.-G. Velut, P. Ambrosi, D. Raoult, R. Luccioni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Antinuclear antibodies in patients with chronic idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia followed 2–30 years
Authors: Simon Panzer, Edward Penner, Wolfgang Graninger, Elisabeth Schulz, Josef S. Smolen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract We determined whether serological investigations can assist to distinguish between chronic idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (cAITP) and immune‐mediated throm‐bocytopenia in patients at risk to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); 82 patients were seen in this institution for the evaluation of immune thrombocytopenia. In nine of these patients a diagnosis of SLE was made at presentation or shortly thereafter. In the remaining 73 patients with an established diagnosis of cAITP we obtained serum samples at a median disease duration of 7 years; 45 patients were investigated again 2 years later. cAITP patients suffered from their disease for up to 30 years (median 7 years, range 2–30 years) without developing clinical features of SLE. Elevated antinuclear antibodies were found in all patients with a diagnosis of SLE but also in seven patients with established cAITP. All patients who had thrombocytopenia in association with SLE had additional antibodies to anti‐nDNA and/or antibodies to soluble cellular antigens. Neither in the initial, nor in the follow‐up investigation, such antibodies were discernible in patients with cAITP. We conclude that patients with cAITP do not develop SLE and do not form antibodies to defined cellular antigens, even if suffering from the disease for many years. The ANA titer does not help to differentiate cAITP from thrombocytopenia of SLE. A differentiation, however, between the two diseases is possible by the combined screening for antinuclear antibodies, anti‐nDNA, and antibodies to defined soluble cellular antigens.
Expired nitric oxide levels during treatment of acute asthma.
Authors: A F Massaro, B Gaston, D Kita, C Fanta, J S Stamler, J M Drazen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be present in measurable quantities in the exhaled air of normal subjects and at higher concentrations in asthmatic subjects not treated with glucocorticoids. We confirmed these findings by analyzing the mean mixed expired NO concentrations of 43 stable asthmatics and 90 normal subjects; NO levels were higher in the asthmatic population (13.9 parts per billion [ppb] versus 6.2 ppb, p < 0.001). Although the effects of glucocorticoids on the NO content of mixed expired air are known, it is not known if beginning systemic glucocorticoid therapy reduces exhaled NO levels in a given individual. To examine this question, seven patients needing emergency therapy for asthma underwent repeated measurements of mixed expired NO levels during their course of treatment with glucocorticoids. All patients had a reduction in mixed expired NO concentration (p = 0.002) and an accompanying improvement in airway obstruction. The decrease in exhaled NO was evident as early as 48 h after the initiation of therapy (p = 0.05). These data suggest mixed expired NO concentrations may prove useful as an index of asthma severity and treatment efficacy for an individual patient.
Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis B virus genotype G monoinfection and its transmission by blood components
Authors: Michael Chudy, Michael Schmidt, Volker Czudai, Heinrich Scheiblauer, Sigrid Nick, Mira Mosebach, Michael Kai Hourfar, Erhard Seifried, W. Kurt Roth, Elke Grünelt, C. Micha Nübling
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

An acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was diagnosed in a regular apheresis (plasma/platelet) donor by the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assay and minipool nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT). The acute infection was confirmed by detection of anti-HBc (IgM) and anti-HBs 2 weeks later. The donor showed no clinical symptoms and had normal alanine aminotransferase levels. He had a history of weekly apheresis plasma or platelet donations. Archived material from the donor and the respective recipients was investigated by sensitive HBV NATs as part of a look-back procedure. HBV DNA was detectable in previous donations as well as in two recipients transfused with platelet concentrates. The rare HBV genotype G was identified in all HBV-DNA-positive samples. Strong evidence of genotype G monoinfection was obtained by clonal sequencing, HBV genotype line probe assay, genotype-specific NATs, and restriction pattern analysis. In contrast to previously described genotype G infections, which all appeared as coinfections with genotype A, neither the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) nor anti-HBe was detectable in any of the samples. This shows that HBeAg is dispensable for viral replication. The delay in detecting HBsAg in both the donor and recipient samples may be explained by either decreased genotype G–specific synthesis of incomplete viral forms in early HBV infection or the lower sensitivity to genotype G of the current HBsAg assays. In conclusion, this reported case of an HBV infection was caused exclusively by genotype G. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:99–107.)
CD47 Agonist Peptides Induce Programmed Cell Death in Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells via PLCγ1 Activation: Evidence from Mice and Humans
Authors: Ana-Carolina Martinez-Torres, Claire Quiney, Tarik Attout, Heloïse Boullet, Linda Herbi, Laura Vela, Sandrine Barbier, Danielle Chateau, Elise Chapiro, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Frédéric Davi, Magali Le Garff-Tavernier, Roba Moumné, Marika Sarfati, Philippe Karoyan, Hélène Merle-Béral, Pierre Launay, Santos A. Susin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adulthood leukemia, is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal CD5+ B lymphocytes, which results in a progressive failure of the immune system. Despite intense research efforts, drug resistance remains a major cause of treatment failure in CLL, particularly in patients with dysfunctional TP53. The objective of our work was to identify potential approaches that might overcome CLL drug refractoriness by examining the pro-apoptotic potential of targeting the cell surface receptor CD47 with serum-stable agonist peptides. Methods and Findings In peripheral blood samples collected from 80 patients with CLL with positive and adverse prognostic features, we performed in vitro genetic and molecular analyses that demonstrate that the targeting of CD47 with peptides derived from the C-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1 efficiently kills the malignant CLL B cells, including those from high-risk individuals with a dysfunctional TP53 gene, while sparing the normal T and B lymphocytes from the CLL patients. Further studies reveal that the differential response of normal B lymphocytes, collected from 20 healthy donors, and leukemic B cells to CD47 peptide targeting results from the sustained activation in CLL B cells of phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ1), a protein that is significantly over-expressed in CLL. Once phosphorylated at tyrosine 783, PLCγ1 enables a Ca2+-mediated, caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD) pathway that is not down-modulated by the lymphocyte microenvironment. Accordingly, down-regulation of PLCγ1 or pharmacological inhibition of PLCγ1 phosphorylation abolishes CD47-mediated killing. Additionally, in a CLL-xenograft model developed in NOD/scid gamma mice, we demonstrate that the injection of CD47 agonist peptides reduces tumor burden without inducing anemia or toxicity in blood, liver, or kidney. The limitations of our study are mainly linked to the affinity of the peptides targeting CD47, which might be improved to reach the standard requirements in drug development, and the lack of a CLL animal model that fully mimics the human disease. Conclusions Our work provides substantial progress in (i) the development of serum-stable CD47 agonist peptides that are highly effective at inducing PCD in CLL, (ii) the understanding of the molecular events regulating a novel PCD pathway that overcomes CLL apoptotic avoidance, (iii) the identification of PLCγ1 as an over-expressed protein in CLL B cells, and (iv) the description of a novel peptide-based strategy against CLL.
Immediate Revascularization of the Heart
Authors: MAURICE ADAM, BEN F. MITCHEL, CARY J. LAMBERT
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The surgical treatment of myocardial ischemia demands immediate revascularization. In 70 patients this demand was met by the use of 114 aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts. Thirty-four single, 28 double, and 8 triple bypass grafts were used. They were taken to the right coronary artery (38 times), to the left anterior descending coronary artery (60 times), and to the circumflex coronary artery (16 times). There were 28 patients with three-vessel coronary disease (stenosis greater than 75%) and 15 with two-vessel disease. In spite of this, the operative mortality was only 10% (7 of 70), and four patients died of their disease while awaiting surgery. Relief of symptoms, which occurs without delay, has continued in 81% of the patients (57 of 70). The use of aorta-to-coronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafts "jump grafts" is proposed as being widely applicable, very effective, and the safest procedure available for the surgical treatment of coronary artery occlusive disease. More observations on longterm results are still needed.
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> -Atherosclerosis Link
Authors: Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Circulation (2002)

he potential role of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) in atherosclerosis has attracted considerable attention.On the basis of early encouraging results, it was anticipated that infection with Cpn might prove a novel treatable risk factor for atherosclerosis, with a relevance comparable to that of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease.The effect of antibiotic treatment on clinical outcome became widely accepted as benchmark for the Cpn-atherosclerosis link.2][3][4] Due to limited sample sizes, however, most of these trials need to be interpreted cautiously.At the 51st Annual Scientific Sessions of American College of Cardiology, 2002, two adequately sized antibiotic trials, WIZARD (Weekly Intervention with Zithromax for Atherosclerosis and its Related Disorders) and AZACS (AZithromycin in Acute Coronary Syndromes), were reported.The negative results of these trials deadened the enthusiasm for the role of Cpn in atherosclerosis.WIZARD included 7747 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and elevated Cpn titers who were randomly assigned to placebo or azithromycin for 11 weeks.During 2-year followup, the composite of all-cause mortality, recurrent MI, revascularization, and hospitalization for angina was not significantly affected by antibiotic treatment.Likewise, AZACS did not show a significant effect of short-term treatment with azithromycin on 6-month rate of all-cause mortality, nonfatal MI, or recurrent ischemia requiring revascularization in 1400 patients with unstable angina.
HIV-Infected Professionals, Patient Rights, and the 'Switching Dilemma'
Authors: Norman Daniels
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The ethical issues surrounding the Centers for Disease Control and American Medical Association guidelines for health professionals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are examined and discussed. Although human immunodeficiency virus transmission risks during surgery are lower than many risks we routinely face, it is not irrational for a patient to want to switch from an infected professional to an uninfected one. The American Medical Association claim that physicians have a duty to avoid imposing any identifiable risks is implausible. Knowing the Centers for Disease Control estimate of risks gives us no way to decide whether the rights of patients or those of handicapped (infected) workers should be given priority. Granting priority to patient rights, either by giving patients the opportunity to know the risks they face and to switch to another provider, or by removing infected providers (compulsory switching), makes us all worse off. This gives us reason to reject these guidelines and emphasize other infection control measures.
1106-182 Insulin enhances vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human cultured endothelial cells: A link to the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes
Authors: Rosalinda Madonna, Assunta Pandolfi, Marika Massaro, Agostino Consoli, Raffaele De Caterina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Combinational therapy of ischemic brain stroke by delivery of heme oxygenase-1 gene and dexamethasone
Authors: Hyesun Hyun, Jiyoung Lee, Do Won Hwang, Soonhag Kim, Dong Keun Hyun, Joon Sig Choi, Ja-kyeong Lee, Minhyung Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Nucleotide Sequence Variation at Two Genes of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway, the FAH1 and F3H Genes, in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Montserrat Aguadé
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The FAH1 and F3H genes encode ferulate-5-hydroxylase and flavanone-3-hydroxylase, which are enzymes in the pathways leading to the synthesis of sinapic acid esters and flavonoids, respectively. Nucleotide variation at these genes was surveyed by sequencing a sample of 20 worldwide Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and one Arabidopsis lyrata spp. petraea stock. In contrast with most previously studied genes, the percentage of singletons was rather low in both the FAH1 and the F3H gene regions. There was, therefore, no footprint of a recent species expansion in the pattern of nucleotide variation in these regions. In both FAH1 and F3H, nucleotide variation was structured into two major highly differentiated haplotypes. In both genes, there was a peak of silent polymorphism in the 5' part of the coding region without a parallel increase in silent divergence. In FAH1, the peak was centered at the beginning of the second exon. In F3H, nucleotide diversity was highest at the beginning of the gene. The observed pattern of variation in both FAH1 and F3H, although suggestive of balancing selection, was compatible with a neutral model with no recombination.