tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with azurophilic granules that contain ultrastructural myeloperoxidase activity
Authors: Tetsuzo Tauchi, Kazuma Ohyashiki, Junko H. Ohyashiki, Midori Saito, Shinpei Nakazawa, Yasuhiro Enomoto, Yasuhiro Hosoda, Keisuke Toyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We present a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in which the leukemic cells had cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. Surface marker studies revealed that the leukemic cells expressed CD10 (CALLA), CD19, CD20, and HLA‐DR antigens. Cytochemical studies by light microscopy revealed that the blasts were negative for myeloperoxidase, PAS staining, and double esterase staining, supporting the diagnosis of ALL. However, an ultrastructural study demonstrated that some of the cytoplasmic granules were myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive. Our findings suggested that leukemic transformation in this case may have taken place at a stage ontogenetically close to the pluripotent stem cell. Furthermore, the present case indicates the existence of a new form of ALL is characterized by MPO‐positive granules detectable by ultracytochemistry and lymphoid‐associated surface markers.
The Relation of Running to Bone and Joint Disease-Reply
Authors: Richard S. Panush
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the interest of Drs Ehrlich, Murphy, and others in our study. We are pleased our work was considered interesting and important. Dr Ehrlich comments about disclaimers of membership bias, and Dr Murphy believes that we either rationalize or dismiss a selection bias in our study populations. Our report very carefully concluded that, within the limits of the study, reasonably long-duration, high-mileage running need not be associated with premature degenerative joint disease of the lower extremities. We further stated that these conclusions were circumscribed in that... our data reflect observations at a single point in time. Certainly, it will be desirable to obtain additional follow-up information regarding our subjects over subsequent years. In addition, our running population represents selected individuals, since we did not study persons who had begun to run but had discontinued the activity for various reasons. Thus, we have no information as to whether
Sciences of Emerging Importance to Medicine
Authors: Julius B. Richmond
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The title originally assigned for this presentation —"Sciences of Emerging Importance to Medicine"—has an interesting built-in ambiguity. For those sciences which are yet to emerge as important must remain unknown, except to those who are clairvoyant. I wish to use this ambiguity as an excuse for broadening the title, and the substance, of this presentation. I do so with the feeling that a mere listing of various sciences which we all accept as having relevance for medicine would be a sterile exercise. By now, we have all heard numerous advocates of the teaching of more mathematics, physics, biochemistry, biology, and behavioral sciences to medical students or prospective medical students. Such advocacy often leads to exhortation, and a hortative approach to readers of this sophistication would be comparable to preaching against sin to the virtuous. What I would prefer to attempt, therefore, is to deal with the problem of institutional forms
A Deadly Examination
Authors: Oren Fruchter, Robert Dragu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

An 80-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenography with barium contrast medium to investigate long-standing dysphagia. During the examination, the patient aspirated contrast material into his lungs. Forty-eight hours later, he presented with a dry cough, fever, tachypnea, and hypotension. The chest radiograph shows massive bilateral aspiration of barium. The patient was immediately intubated, mechanically ventilated, and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and vasopressors. Despite aggressive medical treatment, refractory hypotension developed, and the patient died. Aspiration of large amounts of barium sulfate is an uncommon complication of radiologic studies of the upper digestive tract. The problem is generally not serious, because barium sulfate is . . .
Drug points: Reversible non-oliguric renal failure during treatment with low dose azapropazone
Authors: A J Goldstein, P Grech
Journal: BMJ (1986)

2500 in Sweden, 3900 in the UK, and 4000 in France to 11155 in West Germany and 12000 in the USA.Since the markets of the developed world do not collectively appear to support such enormous numbers of products, it is surprising that such numbers whichare claimed to exist in hird World markets are attributed to exports from the Western world.J P GRMIN ABPI, London SWIA 2DY Does sodium restriction lower blood pressure?SIR,-Dr M R Lee and colleagues (26 July, p 266) suggest that hypertension in blacks is different from that in white people and may be more salt dependent.In rural Belize the Creoles, an Afro- Caribbean group, certainly had higher blood pres- sures than either an Amerindian (Mayan) or Amerindian-European (Mestizzo) group.'How- ever, when Creoles were compared with rural and urban Malawians (central Africans) studied using the same epidemiological techniques2 the urban Africans had the highest blood pressures.This was in spite of the urban Africans being younger, lighter and less obese and having a lower output of overnight urinary sodium than the Creoles (table ).Obviously factors other than salt intake have caused these differences and, they may not all be environmental.It may be that genetic differences between Afio-Caribbean communities are as im- portant as those between whites and blacks, and Mean blood pressres, ages, weight, body mass indx, and overnght winary sodium osuput Creoles Urban Malawians Rural Malawians Men Women Men Women Men Women Blood pressure (mm Hg) 124/66-6 115/65-4 127-5*/76-2
The value of endoscopic rectal ultrasound in predicting the lateral clearance and outcome in patients with lower-third rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: E. Assenat, S. Thézenas, E. Samalin, F. Bibeau, F. Portales, D. Azria, F. Quenet, P. Rouanet, B. Aubert, P. Senesse
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) is able to predict histological infiltration of the external anal sphincter or the levator ani muscle in patients with a lower-third rectal neoplasm and so the possibility of treatment by sphincter-saving surgery.Between May 1996 and May 2003, 66 patients with a lower-third rectal neoplasm that was staged as uT2 or greater were entered into a prospective evaluation of ERUS. All patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment before surgery.The first ERUS (ERUS 1) was performed before neoadjuvant treatment; the second ERUS (ERUS 2) was performed between the end of the radiotherapy and the surgery. An abdominoperineal resection was performed mainly when the lower extent of the tumor was within 3.5 cm from the anal verge (P = 0.011), but no correlation was observed between the lateral clearance determined by ERUS 1 and the histological clearance (P = 0.091). After neoadjuvant treatment, the ERUS 2 lateral clearance was significantly correlated with the type of surgery (P = 0.003) and the histological clearance (P < 0.001). With regard to the performance of ERUS 2 for predicting histological infiltration of the external anal sphincter or the levator ani muscle, the sensitivity was 100%, the negative predictive value was 100%, the specificity was 87%, and the positive predictive value was 53%. In a multivariate analysis, the histological clearance and tumor T stage were statistically correlated with disease-free survival (P = 0.035 and P = 0.05, respectively).ERUS could help oncologists and surgeons in the management of patients with lower rectal carcinomas. Moreover, ERUS is able to predict lateral histological clearance after neoadjuvant treatment.
Fluorescein-guided confocal laser endomicroscopy for the detection of ipilimumab-induced colitis
Authors: G. Hundorfean, R. Atreya, A. Agaimy, L. Heinzerling, E. Kämpgen, G. Schuler, M. Neurath
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Ipilimumab is an antitumor human antibody that has been very recently approved for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma [1]. By blocking the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), ipilimumab induces T-cell activation and proliferation, resulting in an enhanced antitumor immune response [2]. The most frequent side effect of this novel therapeutic approach is the development of a T-cell-mediated colitis, marked by severe diarrhea (over 30 % of patients) [3]. Ipilimumab-induced iatrogenic colitis resembles the mucosal inflammatory reaction in the acute phase of inflammatory bowel disease and can even lead to spontaneous intestinal perforation [4]. Therefore, it is mandatory to have a minimally invasive, evidence-based diagnostic modality for use in the early stages of treatment, which would allow immediate diagnosis and therefore the prompt initiation of necessary immunosuppressive treatment (steroids or antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies). In this regard, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), a novel endoscopic imaging technique, could be particularly valuable, as it permits real-time visualization of cellular details of the mucosa comparable with conventional histological examination [5]. Several entities of colonic inflammation have been described endopathologically, but so far the value of CLE in describing this novel ipilimumab-induced colitis has not been addressed.
Plasma Sex Hormone Concentrations and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer Among Women Using Postmenopausal Hormones
Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger, Stacey A. Missmer, Robert L. Barbieri, Walter C. Willett, Graham A. Colditz, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Sex hormone concentrations are associated with breast cancer risk among women not using postmenopausal hormones (PMH); however, whether a relationship exists among PMH users is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective, nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort to examine the association between plasma sex hormone concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer among women using PMH at blood collection.Blood samples were collected from 1989 to 1990. During follow-up through May 31, 2000, 446 women developed breast cancer and were matched by age, date and time of day of blood collection, and fasting status to 459 control subjects (PMH users) who did not develop cancer. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We compared hormone concentrations of the 459 control subjects with those of 363 postmenopausal NHS participants not taking PMH. All statistical tests were two-sided.PMH users had statistically significantly higher estradiol, free estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone, and lower free testosterone concentrations than non-PMH users. Among PMH users, we found modest associations with breast cancer risk when comparing the highest versus lowest quartiles of free estradiol (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.7; P(trend) = .06), free testosterone (RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.4; P(trend) = .03), and sex hormone-binding globulin (RR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.1; P(trend) = .04), but not of estradiol or of testosterone. However, estradiol and free estradiol were statistically significantly positively associated with breast cancer risk among women older than 60 years (RR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.0; P(trend) = .002 and 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4 to 4.7; P(trend) = .001, respectively) and among women with a body mass index of less than 25 kg/m2 (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 to 3.1, P(trend) = .01 and 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4 to 4.0, P(trend) = .003, respectively).Although women using PMH have a different hormonal profile than those not using PMH, plasma sex hormone concentrations appear to be associated with breast cancer risk among PMH users.
61 CDK2-DEFICIENT HEPATOCYTES REQUIRE NON-CANONICAL FUNCTIONS OF CYCLIN E1 FOR EFFICIENT LIVER REGENERATION IN MICE
Authors: W. Hu, Y.A. Nevzorova, U. Haas, N. Moro, P. Sicinski, M. Barbacid, C. Trautwein, C. Liedtke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Used as a Bridge to Heart-Lung Transplantation in a Patient with End-stage Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gregory I. Snell, Robert F. Salamonsen, Peter Bergin, Donald S. Esmore, Shant Khan, Trevor J. Williams
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We describe a 40-yr-old woman who received inhaled nitric oxide (NO) as a therapeutic bridge to heart-lung transplantation for end-stage primary pulmonary hypertension. After 10 yr of increasing disability, the patient presented in October 1993 with severe dyspnea, right ventricular angina, and syncope. As predicted by a prior vasodilator trial, prostacyclin produced as initial favorable clinical and hemodynamic response. With the recurrence of severe symptoms and hemodynamic compromise, inhaled NO was successfully tried at 40 ppm, initially via a face mask and later via a transtracheal Scoop™ catheter. The patient was “bridged” to heart-lung transplant after 68 d of therapy (mean dose of NO, 50.4 ± 23 ppm). The explanted lungs revealed no evidence of significant NO toxicity, and the explanted heart was successfully transplanted into another patient. Inhalation of NO via a transtracheal catheter is a useful and practical treatment of refractory pulmonary hypertension. The limits of NO therapy in terms of duration and dosage have not been determined.
IL-17A secretion by CD8+ T cells supports Th17-mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Magdalena Huber, Sylvia Heink, Axel Pagenstecher, Katharina Reinhard, Josephine Ritter, Alexander Visekruna, Anna Guralnik, Nadine Bollig, Katharina Jeltsch, Christina Heinemann, Eva Wittmann, Thorsten Buch, Olivia Prazeres da Costa, Anne Brüstle, Dirk Brenner, Tak W. Mak, Hans-Willi Mittrücker, Björn Tackenberg, Thomas Kamradt, Michael Lohoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells are detectible in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions; however, their contribution to the disease is unknown. To identify functions of Tc17 cells, we induced EAE, a murine model of MS, in mice lacking IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). IRF4-deficient mice failed to generate Tc17 and Th17 cells and were resistant to EAE. After adoptive transfer of WT CD8+ T cells and subsequent immunization for EAE induction in these mice, the CD8+ T cells developed a Tc17 phenotype in the periphery but could not infiltrate the CNS. Similarly, transfer of small numbers of WT CD4+ T cells alone did not evoke EAE, but when transferred together with CD8+ T cells, IL-17-producing CD4+ (Th17) T cells accumulated in the CNS and mice developed severe disease. Th17 accumulation and development of EAE required IL-17A production by CD8+ T cells, suggesting that Tc17 cells are required to promote CD4+ T cell-mediated induction of EAE. Accordingly, patients with early-stage MS harbored a greater number of Tc17 cells in the cerebrospinal fluid than in peripheral blood. Our results reveal that Tc17 cells contribute to the initiation of CNS autoimmunity in mice and humans by supporting Th17 cell pathogenicity.
Time trend analysis and variations in prescribing lipid lowering drugs in general practice
Authors: C. Baxter, R. Jones, L. Corr
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Practical implicationsThese findings have implications for the strategies used to encourage general practitioners to base their practice on clinical evidence.Teaching general practitioners critical appraisal skills and developing guidelines may redress identified skill deficiencies and distil trial data in accessible form, but universal awareness and acceptance of trial findings alone may not lead to their integration into everyday practice.Strategies to maximise evidence based practice may not work if they fail to recognise the judgments general practitioners already make about trial data and the process by which trial data become practically applicable.Our findings confirm that strategies are more likely to be effective if they recognise and build on developing informal consensus about trial data.Imminent organisational changes within the NHS 1 2 provide the impetus to manage this process purposefully so that it links individual general practitioners' application of trial data to effective use of local resources, chiefly cash limited prescribing budgets, to meet local needs.This requires cooperation and negotiation among important local players-for instance, primary care groups ( local health care cooperatives in Scotland), primary and secondary care trusts, and local health authorities-so that this consensus is formalised and made transparent.We thank all the participating general practitioners, consultants, and health board staff who generously gave of their time and knowledge, and Sally Wyke, senior research fellow for her support, advice, and theoretical input throughout the study.Contributors:
Bethune's China
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ON NOV 12, 1979, it will be 40 years since a Canadian surgeon, Norman Bethune, MD, died of septicemia while ministering to Mao's beleaguered troops in northwest China. As the true-to-life tapestry on the cover of this issue ofThe Journalrecords, he looked far older than his 49 years. Why do we memorialize Bethune on this anniversary? Because he is being remembered by nearly 1 billion people in China, a country with new ties of friendship with the United States. In China's struggle Bethune became a watchword, a symbol, and an inspiration. A phonetic transliteration of his name means "white one sent," and nothing could more truly depict his role from 1937, when he crossed the Pacific, to Nov 12,1939, when he died. Buried under a large flag bearing the Stars and Stripes, for lack of Canadian ensign, Bethune found repose in a corner of the globe far from
Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations
Authors: Kei Mukohara
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters5 November 2002Public Expectation for Annual Physical ExaminationsKei Mukohara, MDKei Mukohara, MDNagoya University School of Medicine; Nagoya 466-8560, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Oboler and colleagues (1) found that 66% of respondents in their study expected annual physical examinations. Given this high public expectation and the potential role of an annual examination in nurturing the physician–patient relationship and improving access to proven preventive services (2), one could assume that it should be incorporated into daily practice instead of being provided through the currently recommended case-finding approach. However, Oboler and colleagues' results do not necessarily mean that the respondents actually preferred annual physical examination to the case-finding approach. Respondents were not given the option of case finding when they were asked ...References1. Oboler SK, Prochazka AV, Gonzales R, Xu S, Anderson RJ. Public expectations and attitudes for annual physical examinations and testing. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:652-9. [PMID: 11992300] LinkGoogle Scholar2 Laine C. Laine C. The annual physical examination: needless ritual or necessary routine? Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:701-3. [PMID: 11992306] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nagoya University School of Medicine; Nagoya 466-8560, Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInterventions That Increase Use of Adult Immunization and Cancer Screening Services Erin G. Stone , Sally C. Morton , Marlies E. Hulscher , Margaret A. Maglione , Elizabeth A. Roth , Jeremy M. Grimshaw , Brian S. Mittman , Lisa V. Rubenstein , Laurence Z. Rubenstein , and Paul G. Shekelle The Annual Physical Examination: Needless Ritual or Necessary Routine? Christine Laine Public Expectations and Attitudes for Annual Physical Examinations and Testing Sylvia K. Oboler , Allan V. Prochazka , Ralph Gonzales , Stanley Xu , and Robert J. Anderson Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Sylvia K. Oboler , Allan V. Prochazka , and Robert J. Anderson Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Marvin S. Wool Public Expectation for Annual Physical Examinations Caroline Poplin Metrics 5 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 9Page: 773-774KeywordsMotivation ePublished: 5 November 2002 Issue Published: 5 November 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Rheumatic Fever in Mississippi
Authors: Virgilio R. Pilapil
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One hundred and four cases of rheumatic fever occurring in patients below the age of 16 years were seen during a ten-year period. The disease was more common in girls and in Negroes. The major findings were carditis, arthritis, and chorea. The disease was severe in many patients, and the mortality was 34% (24 patients) for those with carditis. There were some indications that poor socioeconomic conditions were significant in the occurrence of the disease and its frequent severity among the patients seen.
Aging decreases vasoconstrictor responses of coronary resistance arterioles through endothelium-dependent mechanisms
Authors: R SHIPLEY, J MULLERDELP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Aging decreases coronary blood flow and maximal reserve capacity. Impaired blood flow capacity may be related to an increased vasoconstrictor capacity of coronary resistance vessels. This study tested the hypothesis that aging increases the vasoconstrictor responsiveness of coronary arterioles isolated from myocardium of young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 rats.Isolated coronary arterioles were cannulated and pressurized (60 cm H2O) via hydrostatic pressure reservoirs.Contrary to our hypothesis, aging decreased responsiveness of coronary arterioles to endothelin (ET, 1 x 10(-11)-3 x 10(-8) M), potassium chloride (KCl, 10-100 mM), and pressure-induced myogenic responses (0-140 cm H2O). Removal of the endothelium from coronary arterioles increased vasoconstriction to all agonists; however, age-related KCl vasoconstrictor response differences remained, suggesting that K+ channel activity and/or the relative contribution of specific K+ channels to maintenance of vascular smooth muscle membrane potential may change with age. Removal of the endothelium, in addition to increasing responsiveness, eliminated aging-induced differences in ET- and pressure-induced vasoconstriction. L-NAME (10(-5)) incubation resulted in a greater enhancement of spontaneous tone in arterioles from old rats compared to those of young rats. ETB (BQ-788, 3 x 10(-8)) receptor blockade eliminated the age-associated differences.Collectively, these data suggest an age-associated increase in endothelial modulation of coronary resistance vessel constriction. This enhanced endothelial attenuation of coronary arteriolar constriction appears to result from increased basal release of nitric oxide. These alterations of coronary vascular reactivity may contribute to age-induced redistribution of coronary blood flow and diminished cardiac function.