tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Marc Humbert, Nicholas W Morrell, Stephen L Archer, Kurt R Stenmark, Margaret R MacLean, Irene M Lang, Brian W Christman, E.Kenneth Weir, Oliver Eickelberg, Norbert F Voelkel, Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
National service for medical students
Authors: S. E Smith
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Crisis in rheumatology manpower SIR,-As the five doctors undertaking higher medical training in rheumatology in the West Midlands (three National Health Service senior registrars and two university lecturers) we too are concerned at the current manpower crisis in rheumatology (19 February, p 586).This is not a national so much as a local problem, however, with a surfeit of senior registrars in certain regions.The disparity in the posts is illustrated in the table.
Authors' reply to Olfson and Schoenbaum, Nardo, Bartlett, Moore, Case, Gotzsche, and Barber and colleagues
Authors: C. Y. Lu, G. Simon, S. B. Soumerai
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with Olfson and Schoenbaum about the need for more systematic use of cause of injury codes. 1 2 Public health efforts to understand and reduce suicide risk depend on accurate data.Indeed, this problem (varying use of these codes across and within health systems over time) motivated us to use a proxy measure for suicide attempts.
Seasonal distribution in conceptions achieved by artificial insemination by donor.
Authors: E. C. Paraskevaides, G. W. Pennington, S. Naik
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The distribution of conceptions after artificial insemination from a donor was studied in 259 conceptions at an artificial insemination clinic and found to be seasonal. Conception was not influenced by the number of donors or patients attending the clinic, the frequency of inseminations, or medical skill. Conception was more common from early winter until early spring (October to March) with a peak in November. As variables such as frequency of intercourse and ovulation were irrelevant in these women and highest sperm counts occur from February to March these results suggested a seasonal variation in the quality of the ovulated egg or endometrial receptivity. The waste of eggs after ovulation (or preimplantation conceptuses) at specific times of the year has implications in the treatment of infertility, particularly for in vitro fertilisation and gamete intrafallopian transfer.
Unusual Clinical Manifestations and Angiographic Findings in a Patient with the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: MORDEKHAI MORITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is presented in whom diarrhea and steatorrhea were the major clinical manifestations. The diarrhea disappeared rapidly when the patient was put on a gluten-free diet. An increased skin pigmentation that appeared later was associated with elevated serum level of beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH). Extract of the pancreatic tumor showed no activity of beta-MSH or adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Hitherto undescribed angiographic features of the arteries supplying the stomach were observed. The possibility that these findings were related to gastric acid hypersecretion is discussed.
Hemopericardium With Use of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Russell L. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Use of oral anticoagulant therapy was involved in three cases of hemopericardium, an unusual complication of this therapy. Patients receiving such therapy should be observed for evidence of bleeding into the pericardial space. Omission of the anticoagulant and administration of phytonadione (vitamin K 1 ) will correct the clotting defects over several hours; plasma or blood transfusions are required when more rapid reversal of the effects of anticoagulants is necessary. Factor VIII-poor plasma was used effectively to control the anticoagulant-induced bleeding tendencies of the patients presented.
Infectious Polyneuritis and Professor André Strohl — A Historical Note
Authors: David Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN 1916 Guillain, Barré and Strohl1 presented their important paper describing 2 patients with infectious polyneuritis. They emphasized the high cerebrospinal-fluid protein and low cell count encountered in this condition. Since that time the syndrome has usually been referred to by a variety of synonyms such as the Guillain–Barré or Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome.If an eponymic label for the syndrome continues to be employed it seems unfortunate to neglect the name of Professor André Strohl when the syndrome is mentioned. The only clear reference to this omission and Professor Strohl's contribution was made by Haymaker2 in his essay on Landry.A . . .
A study of malabsorption after resection of the entire jejunum and the proximal half of the ileum
Authors: B. E. Clayton, D. A. Cotton
Journal: Gut (1961)

Biochemical, haematological, and radiological investigations are reported in a young child in whom nearly 80% of the small intestine was resected. The prognosis in a child after such extensive resection is probably better than in an adult, as natural growth can still occur with the expectation of greater adaptability as well as of increased length of the remaining segments.
365 INACTIVE HBV CARRIERS: IS LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT USEFUL? A MULTICENTRE PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: V. de Ledinghen, F. Serejo, B. Coco, F. Oberti, K. Han, S. Pop, I. Ollivier, W. Laleman, M. Friedrich-Rust, V. Canva, J. Glasa, J. Foucher
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Interleukin 6 gene expression in normal and neoplastic B cells.
Authors: G J Freeman, A S Freedman, S N Rabinowe, J M Segil, J Horowitz, K Rosen, J F Whitman, L M Nadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

In the present report we demonstrate that the IL-6 gene is expressed in anti-Ig-activated and neoplastic B cells. After activation with anti-Ig, splenic B cells rapidly expressed IL-6 mRNA with peak expression occurring at 4 h and declining rapidly thereafter. In an attempt to exclude that the IL-6 mRNA expression was in non-B cells, T cells and monocytes were extensively depleted. In this highly purified B cell population, IL-6 mRNA was retained, whereas the expression of the T cell- and monocyte-restricted CD2 and CD14 genes was nearly undetectable. These results are consistent with the conclusion that activated B cells express IL-6 mRNA. Because we found IL-6 mRNA expression in normal activated B lymphocytes, we examined the expression of IL-6 mRNA in B cell neoplasms. 11 of 25 non-Hodgkins B cell lymphomas and 4 of 4 myelomas and plasma cell leukemias expressed IL-6 mRNA, whereas only 1 of 19 B cell leukemias was positive. To exclude that IL-6 mRNA expression in neoplastic B cells was the result of contaminating non-B cells, T cells and monocytes were extensively depleted from the tumor specimens. In the three IL-6-positive tumor samples depleted of T cells and monocytes, IL-6 mRNA expression was retained in all cases. These observations provide support for the idea that the IL-6 gene is expressed in normal activated and neoplastic B cells.
Bridging the Coverage Gap in Global Health
Authors: Robert B. Eiss, Roger I. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

IN THIS ISSUE OF JAMA, THE EDITORS HAVE JOINED A RE­ markable international collaboration organized by the Council of Science Editors. More than 200 scientific and medical journals have agreed to publish simulta­ neously on a topic of key global importance—the relation­ ship between poverty and human development. By joining together and publishing articles on this common theme, these journals highlight the problems of health disparities in the developing world and demonstrate how the tools and con­ cerned commitment of scientists can help reduce the exist­ ing inequities. The gaps are unacceptably wide and in some areas wors­ ening. While one-fifth of the world’s population enjoys an average life expectancy approaching 80 years and a life com­ paratively free of disability, two-thirds of the world’s popu­ lation living in the lowerand middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America suffer overwhelmingly from the global burden of illness and premature death. Chil­ dren are the most vulnerable as evidenced by the differ­ ence in infant mortality, with rates exceeding 100 per 1000 in many countries of the developing world compared with a rate of 6 per 1000 in high-income countries. More than 99% of mortality in children younger than 5 years occurs in impoverished settings. Addressing the toll of illness and lifelong disability has become a global urgency. No longer is attention to this prob­ lem merely a humanitarian imperative. Economists have documented that investing in human health can yield huge economic dividends: advancing development, improving the workforce, and enhancing business and infrastructure. Gov­ ernments have recognized that inequities in health can lead to social and political instability. In sum, investing in health is good business and good policy. The instrumental linkage of health and development is un­ derscored in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreed to by the heads of government at the Millennium Summit in 2000. The MDGs explicitly link pov­ erty reduction stratagems with health achievement and es­ tablish a series of numerical targets to be reached by 2015.
<i>π-π</i>Stacking Induced Enhanced Molecular Solubilization, Singlet Oxygen Production, and Retention of a Photosensitizer Loaded in Thermosensitive Polymeric Micelles
Authors: Yang Shi, Ahmed Elkhabaz, Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej, Joep van den Dikkenberg, Wim E. Hennink, Cornelus F. van Nostrum
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) by photosensitizers (PS)-loaded polymeric micelles (PM) is hampered by the tendency of PS to aggregate in PM and/or by premature release of PS in the blood circulation. In the present study, aromatic thermosensitive PM, characterized by π-π stacking interaction, are used to encapsulate an axially solketal-substituted silicon phthalocyanine (Si(sol)2 Pc) with enhanced loading capacity, smaller size, and significantly improved retention of Si(sol)2 Pc compared with systems based on thermosensitive PM lacking aromatic groups. Interestingly, Si(sol)2 Pc is much less prone to aggregation in the aromatic PM, i.e., the amount of Si(sol)2 Pc that could be encapsulated without aggregation is 330 times higher in the aromatic PM than in the nonaromatic PM. Furthermore, Si(sol)2 Pc in the aromatic PM in a molecularly dissolved (non-aggregated) form displays three times more efficient singlet oxygen production than Si(sol)2 Pc aggregated in the non-aromatic PM. As a result, the photocytotoxicity of Si(sol)2 Pc-loaded aromatic PM to B16F10 cells is increased, compared with that of the non-aromatic PM, while no significant cytotoxicity is observed in the dark. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis shows cell uptake of Si(sol)2 Pc loaded in the aromatic PM, and the Si(sol)2 Pc is taken up by the cells together with the micelles. The efficient singlet oxygen production of Si(sol)2 Pc dissolved in the aromatic PM makes it an interesting formulation for cancer PDT.
Accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of mitral valve orifice area using transthoracic free-hand scanning
Authors: Lissa Sugeng, Georgeanne Lammertin, Lynn Weinert, Claudia E. Korcarz, James E. Bednarz, Kirk T. Spencer, Ted Feldman, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial
Authors: Andrew T. Gloster, Rainer Sonntag, Jürgen Hoyer, Andrea H. Meyer, Simone Heinze, Andreas Ströhle, Georg Eifert, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)

Background: Nonresponsiveness to therapy is generally acknowledged, but only a few studies have tested switching to psychotherapy. This study is one of the first to examine the malleability of treatment-resistant patients using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial that included 43 patients diagnosed with primary panic disorder and/or agoraphobia (PD/A) with prior unsuccessful state-of-the-art treatment (mean number of previous sessions = 42.2). Patients were treated with an ACT manual administered by novice therapists and followed up for 6 months. They were randomized to immediate treatment (n = 33) or a 4-week waiting list (n = 10) with delayed treatment (n = 8). Treatment consisted of eight sessions, implemented twice weekly over 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were measured with the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and the Mobility Inventory (MI). Results: At post-treatment, patients who received ACT reported significantly more improvements on the PAS and CGI (d = 0.72 and 0.89, respectively) than those who were on the waiting list, while improvement on the MI (d = 0.50) was nearly significant. Secondary outcomes were consistent with ACT theory. Follow-up assessments indicated a stable and continued improvement after treatment. The dropout rate was low (9%). Conclusions: Despite a clinically challenging sample and brief treatment administered by novice therapists, patients who received ACT reported significantly greater changes in functioning and symptomatology than those on the waiting list, with medium-to-large effect sizes that were maintained for at least 6 months. These proof-of-principle data suggest that ACT is a viable treatment option for treatment-resistant PD/A patients. Further work on switching to psychotherapy for nonresponders is clearly needed. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Terry Michael Fletcher, Danilo Espinola
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

This case describes how positron emission tomography (PET) led to the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis in a 50-year-old woman with fever of unknown origin. The patient presented with fever, weight loss, anemia, and headaches. She underwent multiple serologic, biopsy, and imaging tests that were inconclusive. Her sedimentation rate was 83. Giant cell arteritis was suspected clinically. PET revealed diffuse abnormal F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) arterial uptake consistent with giant cell arteritis. After treatment with steroids, the patient showed prompt resolution of symptoms. A repeat PET scan showed near-complete resolution of the abnormal FDG uptake.
Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations in insulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.
Authors: H Kapelrud, H J Bangstad, K Dahl-Jorgensen, K Berg, K F Hanssen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the serum concentrations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria. DESIGN--Cross sectional study. SETTING--Paediatric and medical outpatient clinic at a university hospital. PATIENTS--76 insulin dependent diabetic patients: 41 with microalbuminuria (20 males, 21 females) and 35 controls without microalbuminuria (18 males, 17 females). The two groups were similar with respect to age, duration of disease, and haemoglobin A1c concentrations before the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Serum concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B. RESULTS--Median serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration was 10.0 mg/100 ml in the microalbuminuric group and 4.9 mg/100 ml in the control group (p = 0.007). 17 (41%) of the microalbuminuric patients and five (14%) of the control patients had Lp(a) lipoprotein values above the upper quartile of a normal population. Median serum triglycerides concentrations in the microalbuminuric and control groups were 1.15 mmol/l and 0.88 mmol/l respectively (p = 0.03). Median very low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was 0.52 mmol/l in the microalbuminuric group and 0.40 mmol/l in the control group (p = 0.03). No significant differences in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS--Serum concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein are twice as high in insulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria as in those without microalbuminuria. Increased concentrations of Lp(a) lipoprotein might partly explain the increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease observed among patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Abstract SY42-03: Novel DNA repair inhibitors for radiosensitization and cancer therapy
Authors: Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract There is growing interest in the development of molecules that can inhibit DNA repair or disrupt DNA damage response pathways for application to cancer therapy. Such inhibitors offer the potential to achieve synthetic lethality in the context of DNA repair deficient cancers and/or to sensitize tumors to chemotherapy and radiation. We have identified a series of structurally related small molecules that demonstrate increased toxicity to human cancer cells deficient in BRCA2, PTEN, ATM, and the Fanconi pathway. These compounds are not PARP inhibitors but rather impact DNA damage response pathways at upstream steps, causing impairment of both homology-dependent DNA repair (HDR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The molecules also reduce the formation of DNA repair foci by several damage response factors, including 53BP1, BRCA1, and DNA-PK, following ionizing radiation treatment of cancer cells. Efforts to identify the molecular target of these compounds are underway. In addition, we have found that a highly unusual lupus-derived, cell-penetrating autoantibody, 3E10, preferentially binds DNA single-strand tails, inhibits key steps in DNA single-strand and double-strand break repair, and sensitizes tumor cells and human tumor xenografts to DNA-damaging therapy, including doxorubicin and radiation. Moreover, we find that 3E10 alone is synthetically lethal to BRCA2-deficient human cancer cells and selectively sensitizes such cells to low dose doxorubicin. These findings identify a new antibody that may have clinical application in cancer, particularly in BRCA-related malignancies. Because lupus is associated with circulating autoantibodies reactive against host DNA, the work also suggests that lupus autoantibodies may be a valuable source of other potential therapeutic agents. In addition, our findings raise the possibility that lupus autoantibodies may be partly responsible for the unexpectedly low rates of breast and ovarian cancers observed in lupus patients. Citation Format: Peter M. Glazer. Novel DNA repair inhibitors for radiosensitization and cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY42-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY42-03
Stop wasting taxpayers' money on management consultancy for the NHS
Authors: D. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite promises to reduce spending, NHS leaders continue to pour money into consultancy. David Oliver asks why

After the 2010 UK general election, the health secretary for England, Andrew Lansley, pledged to “slash” the £313m (€400m; $490m) annual spending on management consultancy, saying he was “staggered by the scale of the expenditure.”1 NHS funding was to be flat, leaving a projected £30bn shortfall over the next decade.2 “We are all in this together,” cajoled the prime minister,3 imploring NHS staff to accept pay freezes and pension changes, and culminating in recent strikes.4

Service leaders spent most of this parliament preoccupied with structural reorganisation. Departing “bureaucrats” (often experienced and competent managers) left institutions rudderless and shorn of institutional skills and memory.

In times of war, arms dealers, rebuilders, and racketeers profit from the chaos. “Disruptive innovation” has led to similar spoils for management consultants, with taxpayers’ money diverted from already struggling health and care services.

Did Lansley keep his promise to halt consultancy spending? A Freedom of Information request showed a doubling of annual NHS spending on consultancy from £313m to …
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome.
Authors: A Schnabel, W L Gross, P A Berg, R Klein, H Lehnert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and the eosinophilia myalgia syndromeThe eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) is an inflammatory multisystem disease which emerged in epidemic form in 1989 and was linked to the ingestion of L-tryptophan.'In the acute form of the EMS, severe myalgia and pronounced blood eosinophilia are accompanied by widespread organ involve- ment with the skin, lungs, serosal mem- branes, and the peripheral nervous system being involved most frequently.2 3 The chronic form of the EMS is characterised by progressive fascial and cutaneous fibrosis, leading to a clinical picture resembling eosinophilic fasciitis, accompanied by polyneuropathy, chronic fatigue, and psychological dysfunction.3I A spectrum of vascular lesions has been described including perivascular aggregation of mononuclear cells, intimal and medial thickening and fibrosis, ultrastructural alterations of the vascular endothelium, and frank vasculitis with mural infiltration by mononuclear cells.2 5 6 The last of these was found primarily in small arteries, veins and capillaries, and by immunofluorescence microscopy no deposition of immuno- globulins or complement components was found.2 5 6
Selected Topics In Venous Disorders: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Robert L. Kistner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Selected Topics in Venous Disorders , the authors have tried to present a clear statement of our present knowledge of the venous system in the lower extremity. They have summarized the physiological principles involved in venous return and applied them to both health and disease in an interesting and readable fashion. Their research of the literature is deep and wide. The voluminous writings on various aspects of venous problems are organized well and interwoven nicely into the discussion of specific disease entities. This gives the reader an understanding of conflicting points of view expressed throughout the literature in matters of diagnosis and therapy. Throughout, the authors provide a critical analysis of what, in their opinion, is good and what is not acceptable. This makes the book interesting even for the reader who does not agree with the authors' conclusions, because it results in a series of strong assertive statements with