tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should Pharmacists Evaluate the Practices of Physicians?-Reply
Authors: A. Thomas Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> It is obvious that Dr Bodey appears offended that I, often referred to as "this pharmacist," would dare question the prescribing of physicians. I find this amazing in the present climate, in which the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations encourages and even requires drug use review and evaluation. Also, the federal government requires drug therapy reviews by consultant-pharmacists in skilled nursing homes for Medicaid and Medicare patients. Furthermore, much of the pharmacy literature about hospital pharmacy practice concerns the proper methods for these types of evaluations, which is one of the interests of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. I have divided Dr Bodey's letter into two parts. The theme of the first part appears to be Dr Bodey's attempt to discredit evaluations of physicians' practices by nonphysicians. Dr Bodey's opinion that only physicians should monitor physicians' performance is, I hope, a position that his
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Signaling Promotes the Progression of Experimental Human Neuroblastomas
Authors: Monica Hecht, Maria Papoutsi, Hoa Dinh Tran, Joerg Wilting, Lothar Schweigerer
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most frequent solid childhood malignancy. Despite aggressive therapy, mortality is high due to rapid tumor progression to advanced stages. The molecules and mechanisms underlying poor prognosis are not well understood. Here, we report that cultured human neuroblastoma cells express the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met. Binding of HGF to c-Met triggers receptor autophosphorylation, indicating functional relevance of this interaction. HGF activates several downstream effectors of c-Met such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and phospholipase C-γ, whereas signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is constitutively activated in neuroblastoma cells expressing c-Met. In addition, HGF is able to stimulate expression and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue-type plasminogen activator in neuroblastoma cells, thereby promoting degradation of extracellular matrix components. We show that HGF stimulates invasion of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and it promotes the formation of angiogenic neuroblastomas in vivo. These processes can be blocked by specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, by inhibitors of phospholipase C-γ, and also by the expression of a dominant negative signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 mutant. Our data provide the first evidence that the HGF/c-Met pathway is essential for invasiveness and malignant progression of human neuroblastomas. They further suggest that specific inhibitors of this pathway may be suitable as therapeutic agents to improve clinical outcome of neuroblastomas.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Authors: R J Robertson, I R Robertson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformationsArterial venous abnormalities within the lung range from very small lesions resembling spider naevi, such as those in the hepatopulmonary syndrome, to large complex ab- normalities.These are virtually all congenital, although there is a small group ofacquired lesions.It is the congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformations that are addressed in the paper by Haitjema and colleagues on pages 719-723 of this issue of Thorax.' Pulmonary arteriovenous mal-
On Defects in the Present Mode of Certifying as to the Cause of Death for the Purpose of Registration
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1893)

7THE PRIT,I 57 cancerous tumours, I need hardly say that in the last few ionths there have been a number of separate papers contain- ing descriptions of parasites of this nature within the epi- thelial cells which are the characteristic elements of cancerous tumours.These papers have generally been accompanied by illustrations from which the appearances may be readily gathered.I shall not here do more than enumerate the names of the authors whose papers I have seen and read bear- ing on this subject.There is Russell, of Edinburgh; Souda- kewitch, whose researches are published in the Annales de r'lnstitut Pasteur (No. 3, 1892): Sawtshenko in the (entralblatt f.Bakterioto Le rid Paraxitenk%nde, July, 1892; Ruffer and Walker in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, JulY, 189e2; Steinhans in Virchowc's A'ckliv, vols. 126and 127, and there is the complete work by Pfeiffer, which takes up the whole subject
SCINTIGRAPHIC DETECTION OF PLEURAL EFFUSIONS AND INCREASED LUNG WATER WITH TC-99M DTPA
Authors: Edwin C. Glass, Julian R. Karelitz, Leslie R. Bennett
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic observation of uptake or retention of Tc-99m DTPA in pleural effusions and other abnormal states of increased lung water. 18 patients who underwent renal imaging with 10 mCi Tc-99m DTPA were included. Imaging was performed with a large field of view camera for 0–30 minutes after injection and delayed images acquired 2–4 hours later. The images encompassed the mid and lower thorax as well as kidneys. 11 patients showed, at 0–5 minutes, cold areas at lung bases that later showed relatively increased activity at 2–4 hours (hot on delayed images). 10 of these 11 patients showed pleural effusions on chest x-ray. Small or bilateral effusions were more clearly demonstrated by scan than by x-ray in 7 of 11 patients. One patient with pneumonia showed an immediate hot area in the infected lobe, and one with pulmonary edema and congestive failure showed diffuse lung retention of Tc-99m DTPA on delayed images. Of 7 patients who did not demonstrate abnormal cold or hot areas in their lungs, none had clinical or x-ray evidence of pleural effusion, pneumonia, or congestive failure (100% negative predictive value). This preliminary study indicates that pleural effusions can be detected by DTPA imaging. Furthermore, the findings suggest a role for DTPA imaging as a simple, cost-effective method to detect states of abnormally increased regional lung water.
Feasibility and safety of early combined cognitive and physical therapy for critically ill medical and surgical patients: the Activity and Cognitive Therapy in ICU (ACT-ICU) trial
Authors: N. E. Brummel, T. D. Girard, E. W. Ely, P. P. Pandharipande, A. Morandi, C. G. Hughes, A. J. Graves, A. Shintani, E. Murphy, B. Work, B. T. Pun, L. Boehm, T. M. Gill, R. S. Dittus, J. C. Jackson
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Incorrect Placement of Intracaval Prosthesis for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Eugene A. Gaston
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The intracaval insertion of a filtering prosthesis has been reported to be effective in preventing pulmonary emboli.<sup>1-3</sup>It can be inserted under local anesthesia through a small wound in the neck, an advantage in critically ill patients. The following case is reported because, by misadventure, a prosthesis was placed in the right common iliac vein. Two days later a second prosthesis was fixed in the inferior vena cava. The second prosthesis was well tolerated and its insertion corrected the technical error. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 72-year-old man entered the Framingham (Mass) Union Hospital after one week of abdominal discomfort. His history included recurrent duodenal ulcer, myocardial infarction, emphysema, angina pectoris, and mild diabetes. On examination the diameter of the chest was increased. The blood pressure was 184/90 mm Hg. The abdomen was moderately distended but there was no tenderness and peristalsis was present. X-ray films
Risk prediction for severe osteoarthritis
Authors: G. Schett, J. Zwerina, R. Axmann, J. Willeit, K. Stefan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Surgeries of the anterior neck include thyroid surgery, open or percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy and oesophagoscopy. These are potentially safe surgeries with mortality rates less than 1%. Today, the most common cause of death following a tracheotomy is haemorrhage and, following thyroid surgery, the causes are haemorrhage, giant goitres and upper airway complications. Bronchoscopies and mediastinoscopies are almost never fatal. While operating around the trachea, no major vessel is encountered in the surgical field. We report a case in which an aberrant innominate artery was encountered crossing anterior to the trachea just below the thyroid isthmus. As it is an uncommon finding, even minor complacency can lead to torrential bleeding culminating in death. Thus, we recommend surgeons to be vigilant for any aberrant artery in the surgical field rather than finding it accidentally; thereby preventing any complications in a potentially safe surgery.
Ability to Obtain Medical Care for the Uninsured
Authors: Peter J. Cunningham, Peter Kemper
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Communities differ in the way that medical care for medically indigent persons is organized and delivered, which is likely to result in differences across communities in the ability of uninsured persons to obtain medical care. Changes in the health care system, many of which are driven locally, may further exacerbate these differences.Objective.—To examine the extent of variation across US communities in the ability of uninsured persons to obtain medical care and the extent to which health status and other characteristics of the uninsured population account for these differences.Design.—Analysis of the 1996-1997 Community Tracking Study Household Survey.Setting.—A nationally representative sample of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population residing in 60 randomly selected communities. Larger sample sizes were obtained for 12 of these communities, which were randomly selected to represent metropolitan areas in the United States with more than 200000 persons.Participants.—A total of 60446 individuals and 7200 uninsured persons.Main Outcome Measures.—The percentage of persons who either did not obtain needed medical care in the previous year or postponed receiving needed medical care in the previous year.Results.—Differences between communities with the highest percentage of uninsured persons reporting difficulty obtaining care and communities with the lowest percentage were more than 2-fold (41.4% vs 18.5%, P<.05). Little of the variation across communities is accounted for by differences in health status or sociodemographic characteristics of the uninsured population. The pattern of variation across communities in the ability of uninsured persons to obtain medical care is not correlated with variations in the ability of privately insured persons to obtain care (Pearson r, 0.04). Simulation results indicate that expanding private or public insurance coverage would not only increase the ability of uninsured persons to obtain medical care but would also reduce the variation across communities.Conclusions.—If people are uninsured, where they live is an important factor in determining the difficulty they have in obtaining care. This is likely to persist given that care for uninsured persons is driven largely by state and local policy, and health system changes are constraining clinicians' ability and willingness to serve uninsured persons in many parts of the country.
Hyperuricaemia Due to Pyrazinamide
Authors: J. Schneeweiss, G. W. Poole
Journal: BMJ (1960)

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITISproportion (60%), although the total numbers were diminishing.It was during this period that the one haematemesis occurred in a patient whose barium-meal examination revealed nothing abnormal.After one year the only toxic effects observed were gastro-intestinal although no proved peptic ulcers occurred.However, after the third year no further intolerance developed, although it must be remembered that only 38 of the original 315 patients were continuing to take the drug, and these must therefore represent a residue of highly tolerant patients.Rash, when it occurred, usually did so in the first three months of administration.None were seen after six months.Oedema, however, occurred at any time during the first year.Summary 315 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with phenylbutazone in an average dose of 300 mg. a day have been studied over a period of at least four years; the reasons for withdrawal of the drug are analysed.The overall intolerance rate was 27.7%, but this accounted for less than one-third (31.4%) of the cases in which the drug was withdrawn, the other important causes being inadequate relief (33.6%) and remission (11.2%).Gastro-intestinal intolerance was the most frequently observed symptom of intolerance, and after more than one year of continuous administration it was the only form of intolerance seen.38 patients (12.1 %) continued to take phenylbutazone for over four years with satisfactory control of symptoms and without intolerance.We are grateful to Dr. W. S. Tegner for allowing us to make use of the patients under his care.
Pancreatic duct stricture dilation with a controlled radial expansion balloon for the management of stone impaction
Authors: N. Viazis, G. Stefanidis, A. Katsikani, D. Pleskow, R. Chuttani
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 54-year-old woman was treated following episodes of epigastric pain due to a large stone in the main pancreatic duct and a long (approximately 3 cm) stricture at the head of the pancreas ([Fig. 1 a]).
782-2 Longterm Outcome of Excimer Laser Angioplasty Versus Balloon Angioplasty in Functional and Total Coronary Occlusions
Authors: Yolande E.A. Appelman, Jacques J. Koolen, Pim J. de Feyter, Sipke Strikwerda, George K. David, Ken Redekop, Eline v. Swijndregt, Patrick W. Serruys, Jan G. Tijssen, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Even low positive Troponin T values identify patients at risk for late events in suspected coronary syndromes
Authors: E.S. McErlean, S.A. Deluca, F. Van Lente, C. Emerman, W.F. Peacock, M.T. Craig, J.S. Rao, S.E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Dietary calcium does not reduce experimental colorectal carcinogenesis after small bowel resection despite reducing cellular proliferation.
Authors: G H Barsoum, H Thompson, J P Neoptolemos, M R Keighley
Journal: Gut (1992)

It has been proposed that colorectal carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased mucosal cell proliferation and that the converse may also apply. To examine this thesis, the crypt cell production rate (CCPR) was measured in eight groups of rats (n = 187) that had received 1,2 dimethylhydrazine, 70% small bowel resection, supplemental dietary calcium, or a combination of these. Analysis of variance showed the following: (1) the CCPR decreased between the ileum and distal colon; (2) the CCPR decreased between 16 and 32 weeks; (3) 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and small bowel resection increased the CCPR and calcium decreased the CCPR independently of one another; (4) the CCPR interacted with 1,2 dimethylhydrazine x small bowel resection, calcium x 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and interacted between the site of bowel and calcium, 1,2 dimethylhydrazine, small bowel resection, and 1,2 dimethylhydrazine x small bowel resection (p = 0.014 to p &lt; 0.001). The tumour yield was reduced by calcium in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine treated animals (chi 2 = 14.1, df = 3, p &lt; 0.01) but was unaffected by calcium in 1,2 dimethylhydrazine and small bowel resection treated animals despite significant differences in the CCPR. An increase of the CCPR both preceded and accompanied colorectal carcinogenesis but reduction of the CCPR was not invariably accompanied by reduced carcinogenes.
833 DIFFERENTIAL ROLES OF TUMOR, HEPATIC INFLAMMATION AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN EARLY AND LATE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA RECURRENCES
Authors: J.-C. Wu, Y.H. Huang, G.Y. Chau, C.W. Su, C.R. Lai, P.C. Lee, T.I. Huo, I.J. Sheen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-IR correlate with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index in patients with psoriasis receiving phototherapy
Authors: A.M. Tobin, C.B. Hackett, S. Rogers, P. Collins, H.L. Richards, D. O'Shea, B. Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: This work was funded by an unrestricted research grant from Merck Serono Ltd and Abbott Laboratories Ltd and the Postgraduate Medical and Dental Board of Ireland. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, An increased incidence of obesity in patients with psoriasis has been documented in cross‐sectional studies of large healthcare databases and case–control studies.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Obesity, and in particular centripetal obesity, confers a risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Since 1978 it has been known that patients with psoriasis have higher rates of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and it is likely that this is driven by obesity and concomitant insulin resistance. We undertook a study to establish the effect of body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity and insulin resistance on psoriasis severity and Framingham risk. Following ethical approval, consecutive patients with psoriasis, aged ≥ 18 years, were recruited prior to commencing phototherapy or photochemotherapy (TL‐01 or psoralen plus ultraviolet A) between October 2008 and July 2011. Patients had a full physical examination and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score was recorded. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured for each patient. The BMI was calculated using the formula: weight in kg/(height in m)2. Obesity was defined as a BMI > 30, overweight as BMI 25–30 and lean as a BMI < 25 according to the World Health Organization definition of obesity. Systolic blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer on the left brachial artery. Fasting blood samples were taken for the measurement of insulin, glucose and serum cholesterol. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis model with the formula: insulin × glucose/22·5 (HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance). Framingham risk was calculated using MedCalc® (MedCalc Software, Ostend, Belgium). Results were analysed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.), using Student's t‐test, anova and Pearson's rank correlation.
Medical and social factors influencing admission to residential care.
Authors: W J MacLennan, F E Isles, S McDougall, E Keddie
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The increasing number of people aged over 75 in Britain makes heavy demands on health and social services. To obtain accurate information for rational allocation of resources to domiciliary and residential services a group of 98 housebound women over 75 were compared with a group of 99 women of the same age in residential care. They had a similar range of physical disorders with the exception that deafness was more common among women in residential care. A much higher proportion in residential care were demented. Though in many respects women in residential care had less physical incapacity, a higher proportion needed help at times of crisis. Important social factors were that women at home were more likely to be living with others, and that the principal helper was more likely to be a husband or relative than a neighbour. Both groups received the same amount of support from home helps and community nurses. Any reduction in the number of residential care places for elderly women whose relatives are not available or are unable to cope would require the establishment of an effective community psychogeriatric service and a system for providing appropriate subjects with 24 hour care and supervision.
The Potential of Critical Pathways
Authors: Finaly A. McAlister
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996The Potential of Critical PathwaysFinaly A. McAlister, MD, FRCPCFinaly A. McAlister, MD, FRCPCUniversity of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pearson and colleagues [1] succinctly reviewed the processes of developing and implementing critical pathways. As the authors state, critical pathways used to reduce costs while maintaining or improving the quality of care have recently emerged as an important initiative. The authors lament that there are no collaborative efforts to develop critical pathways at the regional or national level in the United States, but such a process is on-going in Canada.The Clinical Quality Improvement Network was formed in 1991 and now includes nine sites across Canada. Our network of community-based and hospital-based health care researchers is dedicated ...References1. Pearson SD, Goulart-Fisher D, Lee TH. Critical pathways as a strategy for improving care: problems and potential. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:941-8. Google Scholar2. Montague TJ, Wong RY, Burton JR, Bay KS, Catellier DJ, Teo KK. Changes in acute myocardial infarction risk and patterns of practice for patients older and younger than 70 years, 1987-90. Can J Cardiol. 1992; 8:596-600. Google Scholar3. Montague T, Taylor L, Martin S, Barnes M, Ackman M, Tsuyuki R, et al. Can practice patterns and outcomes be successfully altered? Examples from cardiovascular medicine. Can J Cardiol. 1995; 11:487-92. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Alberta, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 427-428KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionHealth careHealth care qualityHealth services researchHeart failurePopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public healthQuality improvementSurvival analysis Issue Published: 1 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Recurrent inhibitory circuitry as a mechanism for grid formation
Authors: Jonathan J Couey, Aree Witoelar, Sheng-Jia Zhang, Kang Zheng, Jing Ye, Benjamin Dunn, Rafal Czajkowski, May-Britt Moser, Edvard I Moser, Yasser Roudi, Menno P Witter
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Global war on drugs is a major factor driving HIV pandemic, report warns
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Major reforms of the global drug prohibition regime are urgently required to halt the spread of HIV infection, according to the Global Commission on Drug Policy.

The commission, a high level think tank that includes six former presidents, warns that the global war on drugs is driving the HIV pandemic among people who use drugs and their sexual partners.

In a report released last week in London, the commission explains how “repressive drug law enforcement practices force drug users away from public health services and into hidden environments where HIV risk becomes markedly elevated,” whilst “mass incarceration of non-violent drug offenders also plays a …
Cholecystostomy Hazard in Acute Cholangitis
Authors: Richard P. Saik
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Four patients with acute cholangitis were seen, all of whom died following cholecystostomy or cholecystoduodenostomy. The diagnosis of cholangitis is frequently missed in elderly patients with jaundice and sepsis. Cholecystostomy, in the face of cholangitis without documentation of patency of the cystic duct, is uniformly fatal. Diagnosis of cholangitis should be confirmed and immediately followed by adequate common duct drainage. Finally, immediate reoperation, rather than antibiotic manipulation, is advised to establish common duct drainage in those patients who do not respond to cholecystostomy within 24 hours.