tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Care by Nurses
Authors: John W. Runyan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter is prompted by the article of Spector et al (232:1234, 1975). The authors were not aware of our recent reports relating to outcome data and costs of the physician-backed nursing care provided chronic disease patients.<sup>1,2</sup>Our studies showed, as did Spector et al, that professional contacts increased after patients were transferred to nurse and physician care but differed in that hospital days were reduced by about 50% over a four-year period. The larger share of this reduction in hospital days was due to a decrease in the preventable complications of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac disease. Our outcome data suggest that blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients and blood glucose values in diabetics are maintained adequately by the nurse physicianbacked nursing care. We also agree that the care provided in our program is not possible using algorithms but do find that detailed protocols define courses
Comparison of Medically Supervised and Unsupervised Approaches to Weight Loss and Control
Authors: George L. Blackburn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

The rising incidence of obesity in the United States has given physicians an increased role in its treatment. Although unsupervised programs can produce significant weight losses, the lack of medical supervision increases the potential for health problems. As with other lifestyle changes (for example, smoking cessation and blood pressure control), even minimal physician involvement may enhance outcome. In published clinical trials, the absence of contact with health professionals among control group participants may account in part for their poor success at weight loss or for their weight gain. Smaller trials examining the value of physician advice and encouragement among dieting patients have shown promising results. Physicians should monitor the health of obese and overweight patients during and after weight loss as is appropriate for the patient, depending on caloric levels, rate of weight loss, weight-loss goals, and intercurrent health events. Medical supervision is necessary for patients on very-low-calorie diets, for severely obese patients (body mass index >35), and for patients with other health problems.
Hypopotassemia in Untreated Diabetic Coma
Authors: Seymour M. Perry, Seymour L. Rosenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

WITH the development of acidosis in diabetic coma, fixed base, including potassium, is lost in large quantities. It is well known that despite this loss the initial serum potassium is usually normal or slightly elevated. In about 50 per cent of patients this depletion will be manifested by a fall in serum-potassium level within twelve to twenty-four hours after the start of therapy.1 2 3 4 5 With the resumption of oral feeding, body potassium stores are usually replenished without difficulty. However, to depend on ordinary oral intake is dangerous and may be fatal. The following cases illustrate that the loss of potassium may . . .
Gene expression profiles of head and neck carcinomas from Sudanese and Norwegian patients reveal common biological pathways regardless of race and lifestyle.
Authors: Bjarte Dysvik, Endre N Vasstrand, Roger L√∏vlie, Osman A-Aziz Elgindi, Kenneth W Kross, Hans J Aarstad, Anne Chr Johannessen, Inge Jonassen, Salah O Ibrahim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract PURPOSE: To explore possible range of gene expression profiles in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and pairwised normal controls from Sudanese (n = 72) and Norwegian (n = 45) patients using a 15K cDNA microarray and to correlate the findings with clinicopathologic variables. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Samples from Sudan were grouped according to anatomic location/patients' habit of toombak (snuff) use, and 37 pools of 2 to 11 tumors matched to 37 pools of their normal controls from the same patients, respectively, were prepared. For Norway, eight pools of 3 to 11 tumors matched to eight pools of their normal controls from the same patients, respectively, were prepared according to anatomic location. Pools (n = 45) were hybridized to microarrays. For controls, 33 of the pools were hybridized against Human Reference RNA. Scanned array images were recorded, and data analysis was done in groups. For verification, results for selected genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We identified 136 genes from Sudan and 154 from Norway as differentially expressed between tumors and controls. Changes of the genes found were confirmed in &amp;gt;70% of the pools by hybridization against Reference RNA. Seventy-three genes and three main pathways (signal transduction, cell communication, and ligand-receptor interaction) were of relevance to the HNSCCs from both countries. Hierarchical clustering of the 73 genes identified subclasses of mixed tumors from the two populations, two independent subgroups for Norwegian tumors by their anatomic sites, and five subgroups for Sudanese tumors by their toombak habits. Quantitative real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry validated the microarray-based data. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in gene expression between tumor and nontumor tissues were identified in HNSCCs. Analysis of the two population groups revealed a common set of 73 genes within three main biological pathways. This indicates that the development of HNSCCs is mediated by similar biological pathways regardless of differences related to race, ethnicity, lifestyle, and/or exposure to environmental carcinogens. Of particular interest, however, was the valuable association of gene expression signature found with toombak use and anatomic site of the tumors.
BVES regulates EMT in human corneal and colon cancer cells and is silenced via promoter methylation in human colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Christopher S. Williams, Baolin Zhang, J. Joshua Smith, Ashwath Jayagopal, Caitlyn W. Barrett, Christopher Pino, Patricia Russ, Sai H. Presley, DunFa Peng, Daniel O. Rosenblatt, Frederick R. Haselton, Jin-Long Yang, M. Kay Washington, Xi Chen, Steven Eschrich, Timothy J. Yeatman, Wael El-Rifai, R. Daniel Beauchamp, Min S. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype is a critical step in the metastatic progression of epithelial carcinomas. Adherens junctions (AJs) are required for suppressing this epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but less is known about the role of tight junctions (TJs) in this process. Here, we investigated the functions of blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES, also known as POPDC1 and POP1), an integral membrane protein that regulates TJ formation. BVES was found to be underexpressed in all stages of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and in adenomatous polyps, indicating its suppression occurs early in transformation. Similarly, the majority of CRC cell lines tested exhibited decreased BVES expression and promoter DNA hypermethylation, a modification associated with transcriptional silencing. Treatment with a DNA-demethylating agent restored BVES expression in CRC cell lines, indicating that methylation represses BVES expression. Reexpression of BVES in CRC cell lines promoted an epithelial phenotype, featuring decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth; impaired growth of an orthotopic xenograft; and blocked metastasis. Conversely, interfering with BVES function by expressing a dominant-negative mutant in human corneal epithelial cells induced mesenchymal features. These biological outcomes were associated with changes in AJ and TJ composition and related signaling. Therefore, BVES prevents EMT, and its epigenetic silencing may be an important step in promoting EMT programs during colon carcinogenesis.
Treatment of Severe Hypertension with Methyldopa
Authors: M. Hamilton, H. Kopelman
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Methyldopa is a useful hypotensive agent.While doses up to 2 g. or more daily may be required, the effective dose can usually be administered without lasting side-effects.Psychiatric symptoms and disturbances of sleep rhythm, often of a temporary nature, seem not to be infrequent when asked for specifically.Dosage with methyldopa is less critical than it is with ganglion-blocking drugs.The degree of postural fall in the blood-pressure is usually less than with hexamethonium or bretylium tosylate and of the same order as that encountered with guanethidine; but the extent to which postural hypo- tension is exhibited varies with the individual patient and with the drug used.There are patients who with methyldopa have unmistakable degrees of postural hypotension and others who exhibit practically none.I am much indebted to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand for financial support.Supplies of methyldopa were generously supplied by Merck Sharp & Dohme through the courtesy of Dr. Mezey.The services of Mrs. E. G.
Notch3 Pathway Alterations in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wei Hu, Tao Liu, Cristina Ivan, Yunjie Sun, Jie Huang, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Takahito Miyake, Heather J. Dalton, Sunila Pradeep, Rajesh Rupaimoole, Rebecca A. Previs, Hee Dong Han, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Behrouz Zand, Yu Kang, Chad V. Pecot, Alpa M. Nick, Sherry Y. Wu, Ju-Seog Lee, Vasudha Sehgal, Prahlad Ram, Jinsong Liu, Susan L. Tucker, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Keith A. Baggerly, Robert L. Coleman, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The Notch pathway plays an important role in the growth of high-grade serous ovarian (HGS-OvCa) and other cancers, but its clinical and biologic mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we found that the Notch pathway alterations are prevalent and significantly related to poor clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer. Particularly, Notch3 alterations, including amplification and upregulation, were highly associated with poor patient survival. Targeting Notch3 inhibited ovarian cancer growth and induced apoptosis. Importantly, we found that dynamin-mediated endocytosis was required for selectively activating Jagged-1-mediated Notch3 signaling. Cleaved Notch3 expression was the critical determinant of response to Notch-targeted therapy. Collectively, these data identify previously unknown mechanisms underlying Notch3 signaling and identify new, biomarker-driven approaches for therapy.
95 MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1) IS REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE DAMAGE AND FIBROSIS IN MURINE STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: S. Galastri, E. Novo, E. Zamara, W. Delogu, M. Aragno, A. Provenzano, M. Parola, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Impaired intracellular trafficking defines early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Benjamin H.M. Hunn, Stephanie J. Cragg, J. Paul Bolam, Maria-Grazia Spillantini, Richard Wade-Martins
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2015)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an insidious and incurable neurodegenerative disease, and represents a significant cost to individuals, carers, and ageing societies. It is defined at post-mortem by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra together with the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. We examine here the role of α-synuclein and other cellular transport proteins implicated in PD and how their aberrant activity may be compounded by the unique anatomy of the dopaminergic neuron. This review uses multiple lines of evidence from genetic studies, human tissue, induced pluripotent stem cells, and refined animal models to argue that prodromal PD can be defined as a disease of impaired intracellular trafficking. Dysfunction of the dopaminergic synapse heralds trafficking impairment.
Studies on the Thrombocytosis-promoting Effects of Plasma and Urine.
Authors: James W. Linman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Studies on the Thrombocytosis-promoting Effects of Plasma and Urine.James W. Linman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert V. Pierre, M.D.James W. Linman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert V. Pierre, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-326_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptErythropoiesis is subject to humoral control. It is logical, therefore, to surmise that other products of the primitive pluripotential marrow cells, for example, platelets, might be similarly influenced. Recent studies indicate that humoral regulators does exert physiologic and pathophysiologic control over thrombopoiesis. Normal rats were given 10 daily doses of test materials by gastric tube; platelets were counted by phase microscopy. About 70% increases in platelet counts appear to constitute maximum responses with this assay technique. Doses of heat-denatured normal plasma (human or rabbit) equivalent to 1% of the recipients' weights were inactive. When the dose was doubled, a 30%... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBIBLIOGRAPHY 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 326-327KeywordsBlood plasmaBone marrowCellsErythropoiesisMicroscopyPlateletsRabbitsUrine Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PARATHYROID ADENOMA LOCALISATION: DEPENDING ON PTH LEVEL, WHICH IMAGING MODALITY SHOULD BE USED PRE-OPERATIVELY?
Authors: D Picard, D Synnott, E Nassif, P D??Amour, M Picard, J Morais
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

S of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in Canada and Prairie Provinces Chapter, SNM Conjoint Meeting: PDF Only
When Patients Request Specific Interventions
Authors: Allan S. Brett, Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The issue of rights to health care has generated considerable controversy in recent years.1 Most discussions of such rights center on broad social issues (e.g., the access of certain socioeconomic or sociocultural groups to the health care system) and not on the individual physician–patient relationship. This essay considers a different and somewhat neglected issue, that of a patient's right to a specific medical intervention in the narrower context of the physician–Patient encounter. The concern here is not patients' general claims to health care, but rather the extent to which an individual patient (having already gained access to the system) is . . .
Risks of In Utero Exposure to Valproate
Authors: Kimford J. Meador, David W. Loring
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Antiepileptic medications are among the most commonly prescribed teratogenic drugs among women of childbearing potential.However, determining the exact number of women of childbearing age exposed to antiepileptic medications is difficult.One estimate, based on data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, suggests that from 2005-2007, there were 7 900 000 annual prescriptions for antiepileptic medications among girls and women aged 15 to 44 years, including 926 000 for valproate (12% of all antiepileptic medication prescriptions, irrespective of indication). 1 For those treated for epilepsy or seizures, there were 989 000 annual prescriptions, of which 177 000 were for valproate (18% of all prescriptions of antiepileptic medications for epilepsy or seizures). 1ter multiple pregnancy registries confirmed an increased risk of major congenital malformations following fetal valproate exposure, the American Academy of Neurology recommended avoidance of valproate during pregnancy whenever possible. 2In addition to the risk of congenital malformations, fetal valproate exposure has been associated with reduced cognitive abilities, 2,3 which led the US Food and Drug Administration to issue a warning about this risk. 4Further, several studies have suggested that fetal valproate exposure may increase the risk of autism, [5][6][7][8] although the strength of this association has been unclear because of the methodological limitations of those reports.In this issue of JAMA, Christensen and colleagues 9 report the results of a population-based study of 655 615 children born in Denmark from 1996 to 2006.Among these children, 5437 were identified as having autism spectrum disorder, including 2067 with childhood autism.When examining the relationship of fetal valproate exposure to developmental outcome, increased risks of autism spectrum disorder (absolute risk, 4.42%; adjusted hazard ratio, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.7-4.9])and childhood autism (absolute risk, 2.50%; adjusted hazard ratio, 5.2 [95% CI, 2.7-10.0])were observed among the 508 children exposed to valproate.The authors concluded that maternal use of valproate during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased risks of autism spectrum disorder and childhood autism in the offspring and that those risks remained significant after restricting the analysis to children without congenital malformations and after adjusting for parental psychiatric disease and epilepsy.This important information should be presented during the counseling of women of childbearing potential when discussing treatment options that include valproate.The investigation by Christensen et al 9 provides the strongest evidence to date that fetal valproate exposure is associated with increased risks of autism and autism spectrum disorder.Strengths of the study include that it was population-based, provided follow-up for
LEAD ILEUS MISTAKEN FOR APPENDICITIS.
Authors: JOHN PRENTISS LORD
Journal: JAMA (1899)

At about 11P. M., Nov. 25, 1898, I was called to St. Joseph's Hospital to see a case of appendicitis. The physician in attendance said that the patient had been delirious most of the day, was vomiting continuously, and the bowels had been constipated during his present illness of five days duration. There was marked pain and tenderness over the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, his temperature being 101.5 and his pulse from 130 to 140. He had had a previous attack last June. The man was now becoming progressively weaker, and the doctor thought he should be operated on that night, if at all. Both the patient and myself arrived at the hospital about midnight, and I found him to be a man 28 years of age, quite a corpulent subject, with a very prominent fat abdomen, he being a bartender by occupation. The man was very
Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function
Authors: Jian Zhang, Sha Li, Lu Li, Meng Li, Chongye Guo, Jun Yao, Shuangli Mi
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2015)

Exosomes are 40-100 nm nano-sized vesicles that are released from many cell types into the extracellular space. Such vesicles are widely distributed in various body fluids. Recently, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in exosomes, which can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells and subsequently modulate recipient cells. This suggests an active sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, since the miRNA profiles of exosomes may differ from those of the parent cells. Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in disease progression, and can stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate metastasis in cancers. In this review, we will introduce the origin and the trafficking of exosomes between cells, display current research on the sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, and briefly describe how exosomes and their miRNAs function in recipient cells. Finally, we will discuss the potential applications of these miRNA-containing vesicles in clinical settings.
Brigadier-General George M. Sternberg.
Authors: Frank Woodbury
Journal: JAMA (1902)

the Roentgen rays, we thought that surely some persons had made this discovery before.But now after a year has elapsed and we have not seen any allusion to this method of determin¬ ing the difference between true and imitation gems, I take the liberty of stating these facts to you, for if it is not known (which I can hardly believe), it is well worth bringing to attention, and if it is known it will do no harm to bring it into notice again.
Analysis of autoantibodies to recombinant La (SS-B) peptides in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: P Bini, J L Chu, C Okolo, K Elkon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Autoantibodies to a polymerase III transcription factor, La (SS-B), are frequently detected in the serum of patients with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. To define the humoral immune response to this protein, we analyzed the patterns of antibody recognition toward 13 recombinant La peptides by immunoblotting and determined the heterogeneity of antibodies reactive with the immunodominant epitopes. The smallest epitopes that were strongly antigenic and recognized by greater than 70% of sera tested (immunodominant) were encoded by the subclones BgX and XA located in the 5' and 3' halves of the La cDNA, respectively. Conformation of the immunodominant La peptides played a major role in antibody recognition. Although greater diversity in antibody binding to carboxyl-terminal La peptides was observed, the overall pattern of peptide recognition by anti-La antibodies was similar in different diseases. The antibody responses to the immunodominant peptides were strongly correlated (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001). One- and two-dimensional isoelectric focusing of affinity purified IgG anti-La peptide antibodies revealed restricted heterogeneity and oligoclonal bands (kappa light chains). These observations suggest that anti-La antibodies are induced and/or maintained by the self antigen and that their diversity is constrained either by mechanisms related to tolerance or by affinity maturation of the humoral immune response.
Intensive Treatment for the Elderly
Authors: William A. Knaus
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One important measure of a society is how it treats its elderly citizens. With the increasing average age of the US population, medical approaches toward the elderly are of growing concern. In the article by Campion et al entitled "Medical Intensive Care for the Elderly" (1981;246:2052) and the accompanying editorial "The Continuity Imperative" (1981;246:2065) by William Reichel, MD, a conclusion was made and emphasized that strikes at the very heart of the matter. Campion et al state that intensive care unit (ICU) physicians are less aggressive in treating older patients who are dying compared with younger patients. They based this statement on an examination of the ratios of mean total charges for surviving v dying patients among three different age groups. Elderly patients (older than 65 years) had lower ratios. Based on our clinical and research experience, we suspect that this conclusion might have been biased by
Reproducibility of Skin Sensitivity Using a Quantitative Skin Prick Test
Authors: H.‐J. Malling
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The reproducibility of repeated quantitative skin prick test titrations was evaluated in seven asthmatic patients tested 2–4 times within 6 weeks. The skin sensitivity was estimated as endpoint titration and histamine equivalent reaction using both 1 and 10 mg/ml histamine dihydrochloride. The histamine equivalent reaction had a significantly higher reproducibility compared to endpoint titration, with a coefficient of variation less than 10% for histamine 10 mg/ml. Further, using this histamine concentration, the deviation in repeated testing was for practical purposes less than 0.5 log step. The same constancy in skin sensitivity was found in one patient tested 3 times and then retested another 3 times 6 months later by a different tester. The results indicate that the quantitative skin prick test and histamine‐estimated skin sensitivity have a clinical application in the assessment of pharmacologically or immunotherapy‐induced changes in the releasability of skin mast cells.