tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered adenylyl cyclase activities and G-protein abnormalities in portal hypertensive rabbits.
Authors: P A Cahill, Y Wu, J V Sitzmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Portal hypertension (PHT) is characterized by splanchnic hyperemia due to a reduction in mesenteric vascular resistance. We hypothesized that alterations in the activity of a guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein (G-protein) might be partially responsible for the marked circulatory disturbances observed in PHT. We, therefore, determined alterations in adenylyl cyclase/cAMP system in prehepatic portal hypertensive rabbits and correlated these changes to the activity of a G-protein. Basal and G-protein-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were lower in the PHT superior mesenteric artery (22-26%) and thoracic aorta (31-46%) membranes, but higher (178-321%) in portal vein. The functional activity of Gi alpha proteins (pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-dependent ribosylation) increased in the PHT superior mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta, but decreased in portal vein. Immunodetection revealed an increase in the Gi alpha protein subunits (Gi alpha 1/Gi alpha 2 and Gi alpha 3/Go alpha) in PHT thoracic aorta, without any change in Gs alpha proteins; and a decrease in the amount of Gi alpha proteins in PHT portal vein. There was no change in the amount of Gs alpha/Gi alpha in the PHT superior mesenteric artery. We conclude the hemodynamic alterations of PHT are associated with intrinsic alterations in G-protein-enzyme effector systems. These alterations are vessels specific and suggest a possible unique global derangement underlying the vasculopathy of PHT.
Virulence properties of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: M H Giaffer, C D Holdsworth, B I Duerden
Journal: Gut (1992)

Escherichia coli strains cultured from 74 patients with inflammatory bowel disease at different stages of disease activity (Crohn9s disease (40), ulcerative colitis (34)) and 18 healthy controls were studied in relation to haemolysin and verotoxin production and enteroadherence. Disease activity was assessed by standard clinical and laboratory tests. Haemolytic E coli were isolated from 18% of patients with Crohn9s disease, 24% with ulcerative colitis, and 11% of healthy controls. None of these differences was significant. No verotoxin producing strains were detected among the 216 E coli isolates examined but the extract from five strains (Crohn9s (4), ulcerative colitis (1) produced a distinctive cytopathic effort on Vero cell monolayers which was later shown not to be due to verotoxin. The adhesion indices of E coli isolates cultured were: mean (SEM) 42.2 (6.4) for Crohn9s disease, 43.3 (6.2) for ulcerative colitis, and 11.3 (2.0) for normal controls (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Adhesive E coli were isolated from 62% of patients with Crohn9s disease and 68% with ulcerative colitis but from only 6% of normal controls (p less than or equal to 0.0002). Neither haemolysin production nor enteroadherence was dependent upon disease activity, disease location, sulphasalazine treatment, or previous intestinal resection. These results indicate that only enteroadherent E coli were frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease; their relation to the pathogenesis of these conditions, however, remains uncertain.
519 IGF-1 REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN RATS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY INDUCED BY PORTACAVAL SHUNT
Authors: M. Jover, I. Camacho, D. Diaz, M.I. García-Fernandez, J.E. Puche, I. Castilla-Cortazar, L. Grande, C.M. Rodríguez-Ortigosa, J. Prieto, J.D. Bautista Palomas, M. Romero-Gomez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 4334: Targeting p53 null neuroblastomas through RLIP76
Authors: Rit Vatsyayan, Jyotsana Singhal, Sushma Yadav, Lokesh Dalasanur Nagaprashantha, Sharad S. Singhal, Sanjay Awasthi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The search for p53-independent mechanism of cancer cell killing is highly relevant to pediatric neuroblastomas, where successful therapy is limited by its transformation into p53 mutant and a highly drug-resistant neoplasm. Our studies on the drug-resistant p53 mutant as compared with drug-resistant p53 wild-type neuroblastoma revealed a novel mechanism for resistance to apoptosis: a direct role of p53 in regulating the cellular concentration of pro-apoptotic alkenals by functioning as a specific and saturable allosteric inhibitor of the alkenal-glutathione-conjugate transporter, RLIP76. The RLIP76-p53 complex was demonstrated both by using immuno-precipitation analyses of purified proteins as well as by immuno-fluorescence analysis. Drug transport studies revealed that p53 inhibited both basal and PKCα stimulated transport of glutathione-conjugates of 4HNE (GS-HNE) and cisplatin. Drug resistance was significantly greater for p53 mutant as compared with p53 wild-type neuroblastoma cell lines, but both were susceptible to depletion of RLIP76 by antisense alone. In addition, inhibition of RLIP76 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. Taken together, these studies provide powerful evidence for a novel mechanism for drug and apoptosis resistance in p53 mutant neuroblastoma, based on a model of regulation of p53 induced apoptosis by RLIP76, where p53 is a saturable and specific allosteric inhibitor of RLIP76, and p53 loss results in over-expression of RLIP76; thus, in the absence of p53, the drug and glutathione-conjugate transport activities of RLIP76 are enhanced. Most importantly, our findings strongly indicate RLIP76 as a novel target for therapy of drug-resistant and p53 mutant neuroblastoma. (Supported in part by NIH grant CA 77495 (SA), CA 155350, Cancer Research Foundation of North Texas, and Institute for Cancer Research &amp; the Joe &amp; Jessie Crump Fund for Medical Education (SSS)) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4334. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4334
Neurological complications of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Authors: M S Dennis
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A propos de 2 observations: troubles de la vue et cephalees chez une femme de 47 ans, aphasie et troubles de la sensibilite du cote droit chez un homme de 34 ans. Dans les 2 cas la cause est une fistule arterio-veineuse pulmonaire congenitale. Les sujets atteints de cette malformation peuvent etre asymptomatiques, mais des signes sont presque constants: cyanose, hippocratisme digital, souffle continu a l'auscultation
Misleading Algorithm for Management of Adult Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: M. Sue Kirkman, Rattan Juneja
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

We were initially pleased to see the technical review and position statement on management of hyperglycemic crises in the January issue of Diabetes Care (1,2), believing that this could serve as an excellent educational resource for house staff, until we read the algorithm for treatment of adult diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which was presented in both articles. The final recommendation reads, “After resolution of DKA, follow blood glucose (BG) every 4 h and give sliding scale regular insulin SC [subcutaneous] in 5 unit increments for every 50 mg/dl increase in …
MICROVASCULAR CORONARY DYSFUNCTION, LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES AND MASS: RESULTS FROM THE WOMEN'S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION-CORONARY VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION STUDY
Authors: Melody Zaya, Puja Mehta, Afsaneh Haftbaradaran Mohammadi, Megha Agarwal, Tara Sedlak, B. Delia Johnson, Chrisandra Shufelt, John Petersen, Greg Lentz, Babak Azarbal, Bruce Samuels, Edward Gill, Piotr Slomka, Daniel Berman, Carl Pepine, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Louise Thomson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased nitric oxide in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of sepsis.
Authors: T E Stewart, F Valenza, S P Ribeiro, A D Wener, G Volgyesi, J B Mullen, A S Slutsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Nitric Oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of sepsis. Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and humans, we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and TNF alpha determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated rats had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. TNF alpha levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated rats at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and total lung injury in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ABC of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: J A Fairclough, D H R Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The continuing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria calls for new approaches to the management and treatment of infections in hospitalized patients. Health care–associated infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality while driving up health care resource use and costs worldwide. The continued spread of antimicrobial resistance requires a multidisciplinary approach and closer collaboration among health care providers, especially hospitalists, pharmacists, infection control practitioners, and infectious disease specialists. Such collaboration can potentially reduce treatment failures and minimize the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms between health care settings and the community.
Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Respiratory Failure
Authors: R. Hume, P. J. Rooney, D. L. McLellan
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure red cell volume correlates with the arterial oxygen tension during the quiescent phase of the disease. During an acute exacerbation measurement of the red cell volume can give a reasonable index of the arterial oxygen tension existing in the previous quiescent state. This level of arterial oxygen tension appears to determine the tolerance of the individual to treatment with oxygen.
Saving the past: where do we stop?
Authors: Andrew Bamji
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I have just saved a historic building. I am now racked with self doubt—not because I have caused considerable trouble with a new proposal but because I wonder whether I went far enough.

Erith and District Hospital was built on its present site in 1928—a pair of wards and surgical facilities in typical cottage hospital style. A small outpatient department and a radiography department were provided originally, but these outgrew their space. In 1938 the threat of war led to the construction of an underground hospital, to serve the locality as a clearing station for bomb (and gas) victims. Half sunk into the ground and covered with a mound of earth, the bunker survived the war unscathed and, as far as we can gather, virtually unused. As life returned to normal the main hospital's radiography equipment was moved to the bunker and has remained there ever since.

The need for a new outpatient department after the …
RELATION BETWEEN EPSTEIN-BARR VIRAL AND CELL MEMBRANE IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE IN BURKITT TUMOR CELLS
Authors: G. Klein, G. Pearson, G. Henle, W. Henle, V. Diehl, J. C. Niederman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Blastoid cell cultures derived from leukocytes of patients in the acute stage of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and harboring Epstein-Barr (EB) virus in at least 1% of the cells were found to possess antigens in their membranes which presently are indistinguishable from those detected in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells by the techniques employed. It was noted that, in the course of IM, antibodies are formed which react in indirect immunofluorescence tests with membrane antigens of live cells from Burkitt tumor lines as well as from IM leukocyte cultures, including an autochthonous line in the case of one patient. Sets of sera from IM patients were tested which included a serum collected weeks to years before onset of illness. In the majority of these the pre-IM serum failed to react in membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) tests with any of several Burkitt tumor cell lines employed, but in some cases the presera reacted with cells of some but not others of the lines. Possible explanations for these discrepant results have been discussed. The antibodies involved in the MIF test are evidently distinct from those responsible for the EBV and heterophile reactions. Maximal MIF activity is attained long after the other two antibodies have reached maximal titers and antibodies to EBV and membrane antigens seem to persist for years whereas the heterophile reaction turns negative within a few months.
Deficiency of inducible suppressor cell activity in the Chediak‐Higashi syndrome
Authors: Madhavan P. N. Nair, Robert H. Gray, Laurence A. Boxer, Stanley A. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two Chediak‐Higashi syndrome (CHS) patients were examined for their 1) natural killer (NK) cell functions 2) concanavalin A (Con A)‐inducible suppressor cell activity, 3) soluble suppressor factor production, and 4) responsiveness to interferon alpha and interleukin‐2 in comparison with age‐matched normal controls. Peripheral blood lymphocytes or NK‐enriched large granular lymphocytes from Chediak‐Higashi syndrome patients showed negligible cytotoxic activity against several target cells. Although the NK activity of Chediak‐Higashi syndrome lymphocytes could not be restored to normal levels by treatment with either interferon or interleukin‐2, the percent enhancement of NK activity was higher for the patients than the controls. Soluble suppressor factor activity of culture supernates from the lymphocytes of Chediak‐Higashi syndrome patients significantly inhibited the NK activity of allogeneic, normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas lymphocytes from Chediak‐Higashi syndrome patients precultured with Con A failed to suppress the cytotoxic activity of normal lymphocytes. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized suppressor cell dysfunction in CHS patients.
Points From Letters: Painful Injections
Authors: S. E. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>AIMS</h3> To process video slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus image sequences in order to generate wide field, high quality fundus image montages which might be suitable for photodocumentation. <h3>METHODS</h3> Slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus examination was performed on human volunteers with a contact or non-contact lens. A stock, charge coupled device camera permitted image capture and storage of the image sequence at 30 frames per second. Acquisition time was approximately 30 seconds. Individual slit lamp biomicroscope fundus image frames were aligned and blended with custom developed software. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The developed algorithms allowed for highly accurate alignment and blending of partially overlapping slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus images to generate a seamless, high quality, wide field montage. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Video image acquisition and processing algorithms allow for mosaicking and enhancement of slit lamp biomicroscopic fundus images. The improved quality and wide field of view may confer suitability for inexpensive, real time photodocumentation of disc and macular abnormalities.
Role of thrombolysis and thrombin in patients with acute coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Dietrich C. Gulba, Warner G. Daniel, Rüdiger Simon, Stefan Jost, Monika Barthels, Ivo Amende, Wolf Rafflenbeul, Paul R. Lichtlen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Serum bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: G. M. Murphy, A. Ross, B. H. Billing
Journal: Gut (1972)

Serum bile acid classes have been studied in 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in five patients with cholestasis, and in five patients who had cirrhosis without cholestatic features. Conjugated monohydroxy bile acids (12-35% serum total bile acids) were found in eight of 11 sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in sera from four patients with cholestasis but not in any of the five patients with cirrhosis. The glycine conjugates/taurine conjugates (G/T) ratio in eight of 11 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and two of four patients with cholestasis was <1.0. Bile acid concentrations in seven patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were measured before and during cholestyramine therapy. Decreases in serum total bile acid concentrations were observed which were accompanied by small increases in the trihydroxy/dihydroxy ratio and also in the G/T ratio in six of the seven patients. No association was found between the concentration of any particular conjugated or free bile acid and the presence or absence of pruritus.
Points: A plain man's guide to the management of migraine
Authors: M G Zambellas
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A Ledermann and colleagues (12 June, p 1784) reporting thrombocytopenia following benoxaprofen therapy.They state that thrombocytopenia associated with benoxaprofen has not been reported before.We reported thrombocytopenia in association with leucopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 62- year-old woman after only nine days' treatment with benoxaprofen, and this was published in May 1982.
EARLY PSYCHICAL SYMPTOMS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES.Read before the Section on Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

dation process, the diet should be simple and nu¬ tritious, avoiding entirely stimulants and all food of difficult digestion, and also articles liable to undergo acid fermentation.Excess of sweets certainly has seemed to aggravate the eruption in my experience.Locally, considerable can be done by properly directed measures, both in the way of relieving the general suffering and checking the disease!In acute cases, the well-known calamine and zinc lotion, with an extra proportion of carbolic acid, certainly gives great relief, and seems to check the development of the eruption.Ichthyol, in a 2 to 4 per cent, watery solution, kept freely applied, is also grateful and beneficial.When the skin becomes at all dry, a 1 or 2 per cent, carbolized vaseline, freely applied, is the best application.
Abstract 1225: Serum cytokine profiling in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: IL-8, MCP-1, and MCP-3 are theranostic targets.
Authors: Zhi-Yuan Chen, Wen-Zhuo He, Li-Xia Peng, Rong-Ping Guo, Liang-Ping Xia, Chao-Nan Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The prognostic value of many circulating cytokines in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is undetermined. By using high through-put approach, this study was to evaluate the prognostic values of circulating cytokines in patients with metastatic CRC and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Thirty-nine cytokines were simultaneously analyzed in serum samples from 99 patients with metastatic CRC by using multiplex bead-based Luminex technology. Three CRC cell lines, together with three more aggressive lines derived from them, were used to validate three potential therapeutic targets by applying neutralizing antibodies. Results: Elevated levels of 17 cytokines were found to be significant risk factors for the overall survival (OS) of patients. Only macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) positively correlated with better prognosis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-3 and MDC were significant independent predictor of OS in multivariate analyses. The risk scoring system developed by combining IL-8, MCP-1, MCP-3, and MDC, was more effective than each individual factor to predictor the OS. IL-8 was secreted by three CRC cell lines, with higher expression observed in more-aggressive cells. Blocking of IL-8 with a neutralizing antibody inhibited the invasiveness of CRC cells. MCP-1 and MCP-3 were secreted by SW480 cell line, with higher expression in more-aggressive cell. Neutralizing antibodies against MCP-1 or MCP-3 significantly inhibited the cellular invasion. Conclusions: The serum levels of 18 cytokines correlated with the prognosis of metastatic CRC patinets. Among them, IL-8, MCP-1, MCP-3 and MDC were independent prognostic factors for OS. IL-8, MCP-1, and MCP-3 are potential therapeutic targets in CRC. Citation Format: Zhi-Yuan Chen, Wen-Zhuo He, Li-Xia Peng, Rong-Ping Guo, Liang-Ping Xia, Chao-Nan Qian. Serum cytokine profiling in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: IL-8, MCP-1, and MCP-3 are theranostic targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1225
Molecular Basis of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation by <i>Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1</i>
Authors: Devanand Sarkar, Eun Sook Park, Luni Emdad, Seok-Geun Lee, Zao-zhong Su, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Malignant glioma is a consistently fatal brain cancer. The tumor invades the surrounding tissue, limiting complete surgical removal and thereby initiating recurrence. Identifying molecules critical for glioma invasion is essential to develop targeted, effective therapies. The expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) increases in malignant glioma and AEG-1 regulates in vitro invasion and migration of malignant glioma cells by activating the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. The present studies elucidate the domains of AEG-1 important for mediating its function. Serial NH(2)-terminal and COOH-terminal deletion mutants were constructed and functional analysis revealed that the NH(2)-terminal 71 amino acids were essential for invasion, migration, and NF-kappaB-activating properties of AEG-1. The p65-interaction domain was identified between amino acids 101 to 205, indicating that p65 interaction alone is not sufficient to mediate AEG-1 function. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that AEG-1 interacts with cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein-binding protein (CBP), indicating that it might act as a bridging factor between NF-kappaB, CBP, and the basal transcription machinery. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that AEG-1 is associated with the NF-kappaB binding element in the interleukin-8 promoter. Thus, AEG-1 might function as a coactivator for NF-kappaB, consequently augmenting expression of genes necessary for invasion of glioma cells. In these contexts, AEG-1 represents a viable potential target for the therapy of malignant glioma.