tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dame Rosalinde Hurley
Authors: Brian Duerden
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Roz Hurley was a remarkable combination of medical microbiologist and barrister, qualifying in parallel in the late 1950s, and also achieving a diploma in literature at London University with prizes.​prizes.




Figure 1




As a lecturer at Charing Cross Hospital she received her MD for research on perinatal candida infection. Throughout her career she helped sustain medical interest in mycology. As consultant microbiologist at Queen Charlotte's she developed a vigorous research programme with clinical colleagues so that the hospital became internationally renowned for its infection research; she was appointed professor in 1975.

Her contribution to medicine was much broader than her specialty. She chaired the Medicines Commission for 11 years from 1982 and served on the management board of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency. She was a member of the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) board, and her experience of medicine, microbiology, and law provided sharp focus to the report of the official inquiry into the salmonella outbreak at Stanley Royd Hospital, Wakefield, in 1984, which helped set standards for infectious disease control for the next 20 years. She created and chaired the PHLS ethics committee for over a decade and was chair of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics working group on human tissues.

For 20 years she played an active part in the Royal College of Pathologists—including as vice president from 1984 to 1987—and steered the guidance on retention and storage of pathological records and archives and the RCPath/Institute of Biomedical Sciences consensus statement on use of human tissue in research, education, and quality control. She was president of the section of pathology of the Royal Society of Medicine, president of the Association of Clinical Pathologists, chairman of the Association of Professors of Medical Microbiology, and honorary fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine.

Her husband, neurosurgeon Peter Gortvai, predeceased her.

Rosalinde Hurley, former professor and consultant in medical microbiology Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital (b 1929; q Charing Cross Hospital, London, 1955; LLB, MD, FRCPath), d 30 June 2004.
SURGICAL VS. MEDICAL TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Edward Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  The paper by Woods and Peet (The Journal, November 1, p. 1508) needs careful study and perhaps additional comment in order to emphasize certain points. The important question is whether or not to recommend surgical treatment for patients with hypertension. Both in their own series and in the series of Wagener and Keith from the Mayo Clinic which they use for comparison, the percentage of cases classified as group 4 (malignant hypertension) is much higher than that found in private practice. Their own series is stated to be 32 per cent and the Mayo group 67 per cent. To a great extent, therefore, they are not discussing the kind of cases that comprise most of the cases of hypertension seen in private practice.  The majority of patients with hypertension seen in private practice have a moderately high blood pressure and a moderate degree of arteriosclerosis of the
NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, July 16, under Correspondence, a "correction" was suggested for our paper, "Clinical Value of Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity" (<i>J. A. M. A.</i>, April 30, p. 2030), by Dr. Robert Hodes, of one of the references we quoted. During our study, we thoroughly reviewed Hodes' published work and have gained much from it. However, it has been shown since this study that the conduction velocity is normal in poliomyelitis.<sup>1-3</sup> Unfortunately, Dr. Hodes apparently did not consider the effect of the reduced temperature on the conduction velocity in the paretic limbs of poliomyelitic patients. We have found a reduction of the conduction velocity of 5% per degree Centigrade. This is of the same order of magnitude as others have reported (Lambert 2.4 M/s per degree Centigrade).<sup>1</sup>Trott and co-workers<sup>4</sup>demonstrated the reduction in temperature of the paretic limb in poliomyelitis. Hendricksen and Lambert
LIGHT IN THE TREATMENT OF LUPUS AND OTHER CHRONIC SKIN AFFECTIONS.
Authors: J. W. KIME
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Light and especially concentrated actinic light derived from the sun, is a specific in the treatment of lupus, chronic ulcers and other destructive lesions of the skin. The first essential in the treatment of this class of cases is a practical and efficient apparatus, one with unlimited power and yet so easily manipulated that any physician may successfully operate it. The instrument which I use consists of a modification of the ray filter used in photography, and at a distance of 18 inches focuses, to a very fine point, a violet-colored light. At its smallest focal point it is intensely hot, but I have found that in certain cases nothing short of this strongly concentrated irritant light will sufficiently arouse the tissues to action to start the process of repair which, once started, continues to complete recovery. The cell used is so constructed that it is readily adjustable at any
A Doctor's Response to Torture
Authors: Sondra S. Crosby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor20 March 2012A Doctor's Response to TortureSondra S. Crosby, MDSondra S. Crosby, MDFrom Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Stepping off the plane in an unfamiliar country, jet-lagged, and unable to speak a word of the native language, I was a little disoriented. I met my patient—whom I will call Rashid—at the hotel in less than an hour of my arrival. He was apprehensive. We spent the evening in a relaxed, informal atmosphere with a group of attorneys. Despite the fact that I was a white, non-Muslim, American woman, we were able to make a connection. Rashid took us to a beautiful beach, peppered with traditional wooden fishing boats, and he gave local children a few coins to pick ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sondra S. Crosby, MDAffiliations: From Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118.Corresponding Author: Sondra S. Crosby, MD, Boston Medical Center, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown 2, Boston, MA 02118; e-mail, scrosby@bu.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 6 Page: 471-472 Keywords Food Posttraumatic stress disorder Psychiatry and mental health Psychology Shoulders Sleep Sleep deprivation Taste Touch Weight loss ePublished: 20 March 2012 Issue Published: 20 March 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Scientific Management of Surgical Patients
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

One look at the names of the editors and the knowledgeable reader knows that this book has promise to be innovative, erudite, practical, interesting, and unusual. Sure enough, it is! These three unique surgeons, each of whom has a sound background in basic science, have edited with 21 other contributors a book that summarizes in clear but not inappropriately simplistic terms many of the advances in basic science as they apply to a patient undergoing surgery. Most clinicians, whether they are surgeons or other specialists, will have a nodding acquaintance with perhaps 10% to 20% of each chapter. But as for the remainder of the text, they will not only be strangers but have a vague uneasiness concerning their ignorance. This book, written with the clarity and simplicity of a<i>Scientific American</i>article, fills the transitional need for the clinician. The book is organized into 17 topics, such as the
A New B7:CD28 Family Checkpoint Target for Cancer Immunotherapy: HHLA2
Authors: Yanping Xiao, Gordon J. Freeman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

HHLA2 is a newly identified B7 family member that modulates T-cell functions through interaction with TMIGD2 and possibly a second receptor, with coinhibition in two studies and costimulation in one study. HHLA2 is expressed on a variety of human cancers, and its coinhibitory function makes it a candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
The sight test fee Relatives at risk can have free test
Authors: P J Gray
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and colleagues describe the effect of the introduction of the sight test fee on the number of referrals to Bristol Eye Hospital.'They use the numbers of referrals for 1984-8 to predict the expected numbers of referrals in 1989- 92.This use of their data would have been appropriate if the introduction of the fee on 1 April 1989 had been made without prior warning.The government's proposal for the sight test fee had, however, been made public on 25 November 1987.2This announcement (and subsequent con- firmations) would be expected to have had two effects.Firstly, the high figure for referrals in 1988 may partly simply be due to the increased general publicity about sight tests.Secondly, some people who would have had an eye test after 1 April 1989 may have decided to have one beforehand instead.These "early" sight tests would have increased the figure for referrals in 1988 and reduced that in 1989.The authors consider whether early referrals received in 1988 could account for a reduction in referrals from 1989 onwards.They reject this idea on the grounds that the number of referrals in 1988 was a mere 343 (5 6%) above that expected.Ifthese 343 are regarded as early referrals and are taken from the total for 1988 and added to the total for 1989, however, then the fall in referrals from 1988 to 1989 is not by 15-1% but by only 4-8%.Whether this transfer of numbers of referrals is valid is clearly arguable, but this manoeuvre illustrates that a more cautious analysis might have been appropriate in the study.In particular, it would have been preferable not to have used data for 1988 (the year before introduction of the fee) to predict the numbers of referrals afterwards.If the figure for 1988 is omitted from the analysis the actual numbers of referrals for 1989-92 all fall within the recalculated 95% confidence intervals for the predicted numbers.
Effect of an Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention on Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prescribing by Primary Care Pediatricians
Authors: Jeffrey S. Gerber, Priya A. Prasad, Alexander G. Fiks, A. Russell Localio, Robert W. Grundmeier, Louis M. Bell, Richard C. Wasserman, Ron Keren, Theoklis E. Zaoutis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been effective for inpatients, often through prescribing audit and feedback. However, most antimicrobial use occurs in outpatients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).To evaluate the effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on antibiotic prescribing for pediatric outpatients.Cluster randomized trial of outpatient antimicrobial stewardship comparing prescribing between intervention and control practices using a common electronic health record. After excluding children with chronic medical conditions, antibiotic allergies, and prior antibiotic use, we estimated prescribing rates for targeted ARTIs standardized for age, sex, race, and insurance from 20 months before the intervention to 12 months afterward (October 2008-June 2011).A network of 25 pediatric primary care practices in Pennsylvania and New Jersey; 18 practices (162 clinicians) participated.One 1-hour on-site clinician education session (June 2010) followed by 1 year of personalized, quarterly audit and feedback of prescribing for bacterial and viral ARTIs or usual practice.Rates of broad-spectrum (off-guideline) antibiotic prescribing for bacterial ARTIs and antibiotics for viral ARTIs for 1 year after the intervention.Broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing decreased from 26.8% to 14.3% (absolute difference, 12.5%) among intervention practices vs from 28.4% to 22.6% (absolute difference, 5.8%) in controls (difference of differences [DOD], 6.7%; P = .01 for differences in trajectories). Off-guideline prescribing for children with pneumonia decreased from 15.7% to 4.2% among intervention practices compared with 17.1% to 16.3% in controls (DOD, 10.7%; P < .001) and for acute sinusitis from 38.9% to 18.8% in intervention practices and from 40.0% to 33.9% in controls (DOD, 14.0%; P = .12). Off-guideline prescribing was uncommon at baseline and changed little for streptococcal pharyngitis (intervention, from 4.4% to 3.4%; control, from 5.6% to 3.5%; DOD, -1.1%; P = .82) and for viral infections (intervention, from 7.9% to 7.7%; control, from 6.4% to 4.5%; DOD, -1.7%; P = .93).In this large pediatric primary care network, clinician education coupled with audit and feedback, compared with usual practice, improved adherence to prescribing guidelines for common bacterial ARTIs, and the intervention did not affect antibiotic prescribing for viral infections. Future studies should examine the drivers of these effects, as well as the generalizability, sustainability, and clinical outcomes of outpatient antimicrobial stewardship.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01806103.
COMPARISON OF CONTRAST MEDIA AND LOW MOLECULAR DEXTRAN FOR FREQUENCY-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING
Authors: Yuichi Ozaki, Hironori Kitabata, Kenichi Komukai, Kohei Ishibashi, Takashi Tanimoto, Yasushi Ino, Hiroko Nakanishi, Kenzo Kimura, Kumiko Hirata, Masato Mizukoshi, Toshio Imanishi, Takashi Akasaka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
P2-106: Gender differences in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (p): A retrospective study based in Spanish Lung Cancer Group(SLCG) trials.
Authors: Nuria Viñolas, Dolores Isla, Enriqueta Felip, Pilar Garrido, Rosario Garcia-Campelo, Pilar Lianes, Isabel Bover, Josefa Terrasa, Catalina Vadell, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Identification of FOXO3 and PRDM1 as tumor-suppressor gene candidates in NK-cell neoplasms by genomic and functional analyses
Authors: Kennosuke Karube, Masao Nakagawa, Shinobu Tsuzuki, Ichiro Takeuchi, Keiichiro Honma, Yasuhiro Nakashima, Norio Shimizu, Young-Hyeh Ko, Yasuo Morishima, Koichi Ohshima, Shigeo Nakamura, Masao Seto
Journal: Blood (2011)
M. Keller on the Conversion of Benzoic into Hippuric Acid
Authors: W. Keller
Journal: BMJ (1842)

{ CONVERSION OF 13ENZOIC ACID INTO HIPPURIC ACID.formed at the left side of the abdomen, which has never since entirely disappeaied, but is subject to slight variations in size, becoming smaller when he lies down, and is sometimes the seat of gurgling sen- sations.
Physicians as Public Speakers
Authors: George E. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Lois DeBakey speaks wisely (228:567, 1974) when she abhors the idea of a glib-tongued professional speechmaker substituting as a dummy speaker for the real idea-man in our scientific meetings. However, some of our brilliant physicians are failing to inform and convince their audiences because they have not taken the time and trouble to learn the principles of public speaking. This problem is being corrected as more and more of our residency programs incorporate a course in public speaking.
High incidence of silent aspiration in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.
Authors: R Kikuchi, N Watabe, T Konno, N Mishina, K Sekizawa, H Sasaki
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Pneumonia is a major cause of death in the elderly. To investigate the role of silent aspiration in community-acquired pneumonia, we examined the occurrence of silent aspiration during sleep in 14 elderly patients with acute episode of pneumonia and 10 age-matched control subjects by a new technique using indium111 chloride. Scanning of the thorax demonstrated that 71% of patients aspirated, whereas aspiration was observed in only 10% of control subjects. The percentage of positive scans was significantly higher in patients with acute episode of pneumonia than in control subjects (p < 0.02). The results may indicate an important role of silent aspiration in the development of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly.
ALLERGY TO PROCAINE AMIDE
Authors: Emanuel Hellman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

After five days procaine amide therapy was started again. After the third dose the patient recognized the effect of the drug and said, "It is those little yellow pills that are up-setting me." The temperature again rose to 104 F; the next day a maculopapular, itching rash appeared on the extensor surfaces of the arms, feet, thighs, and dorsa of both feet. Again, after discontinuance of the use of the drug, the temperature became normal the next day, and the rash faded. During the remainder of her hospital stay she had no further trouble. <h3>SUMMARY</h3> An instance of fever, chills, rash, and malaise following oral administration of procaine amide ("pronestyl") hydrochloride is reported. 1930 Wilshire Blvd. (5) (Dr. Askey). The therapeutic similarity between procaine amide and quinidine is recognized; however, whereas the toxic effects of quinidine are well known, procaine amide ("pronestyl") has not yet been used widely enough to
Second window of preconditioning normalizes palmitate use for oxidation and improves function during low-flow ischaemia
Authors: R. K. Kudej, M. Fasano, X. Zhao, G. D. Lopaschuk, S. K. Fischer, D. E. Vatner, S. F. Vatner, E. D. Lewandowski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Although a major mechanism for cardioprotection is altered metabolism, little is known regarding metabolic changes in ischaemic preconditioning and subsequent ischaemia. Our objective was to examine the effects of the second window of preconditioning (SWOP), the delayed phase of preconditioning against infarction and stunning, on long-chain free fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation during ischaemia in chronically instrumented, conscious pigs. We studied three groups: (i) normal baseline perfusion (n = 5); (ii) coronary artery stenosis (CAS; n = 5); (iii) CAS 24 h following 2 × 10 min coronary occlusions and 10 min reperfusion (n = 7). Ischaemia was induced by a left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis (40% flow reduction) for 90 min, dropping systolic wall thickening by 72%. LCFA oxidation was assessed following LAD infusion of 13C palmitate, i.e. during control or stenosis, by in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance of the sampled myocardium. Stenosis reduced subendocardial blood flow subendocardially, but not subepicardial, yet induced transmural reductions in LCFA oxidation and increased non-oxidative glycolysis. During stenosis, preconditioned hearts showed normalized contributions of LCFA to oxidative ATP synthesis, despite increased lactate accumulation. SWOP induced a shift towards LCFA oxidation during stenosis, despite increased malonyl-CoA, and marked protection of contractile function with a significant improvement in systolic wall thickening. Thus, the second window of preconditioning normalized oxidative metabolism of LCFA during subsequent ischaemia despite elevated non-oxidative glycolysis and malonyl-CoA and was linked to protection of regional contractile function resulting in improved mechanical performance. Interestingly, the metabolic responses occurred transmurally while ischaemia was restricted solely to the subendocardium.
Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. topical beclomethasone dipropionate and placebo in hay fever
Authors: L. C. Laursen, P. Faurschou, E. P. Munch
Journal: Allergy (1988)

A double‐blind, double‐dummy comparative study was made of 30 adult birch pollen‐allergic outpatients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. They were treated with either topically applied beclomethasone dipropionate 100 μg in each nostril twice daily for 4 weeks, placebo, or an injection of 2 ml of a suspension containing 5 mg bethamethasone dipropionate and 2 mg betamethasone disodium phosphate per ml (Diprospan®) immediately prior to the birch pollen season. Placebo‐ and topical steroid‐treated patients experienced an increase in rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms, i.e. nasal blockage, nasal itching, rhinorrhea, sneezing and eye symptoms, and placebo‐treated patients used significantly more antihistamine tablets during the pollen season. Diprospantreated patients experienced fewer symptoms on all measured parameters. We concluded that one injection of Diprospan immediately prior to the birch pollen season produces significantly fewer rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms than does placebo and topical steroid treatment.
POTENT CARDIORENAL ANTIFIBROTIC EFFECTS OF THE RHO-KINASE INHIBITOR FASUDIL IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: Syed Ameenuddin, Elise A. Oehler, Josef Korinek, Jeson Sangaralingham, Alessandro Cataliotti, Fernando Martin, John A. Schirger, Horng H. Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals and Behavioral or Coordination Problems at Age 7 Years
Authors: Chunyuan Fei, Jørn Olsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Potential neurotoxic effects of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been reported in highly exposed animals, but whether these chemicals are neurotoxic in humans is not known. We therefore investigated whether prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), two of the most prevalent PFCs, are associated with behavioral or coordination problems in early childhood.We used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, which enrolled mothers in early pregnancy, and we measured maternal blood levels of PFOA and PFOS using specimens drawn around 8 weeks of gestation. When the children reached 7 years of age, mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, n=787) and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ, n=526) to assess behavioral health and motor coordination of their children. SDQ scores above the 90th percentile were a priori defined to identify behavioral problems and DCDQ scores below the 10th percentile were defined as a potential DCD.The median concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in maternal blood were 34.4 ng/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 26.6-44.5] and 5.4 ng/mL (IQR, 4.0-7.1), respectively, similar to distributions reported for populations without occupational exposure. We found no association between higher SDQ scores and maternal levels of PFOS or PFOA, nor did we see any statistically significant association with motor coordination disorders.The findings suggest that background levels of PFOA and PFOS are not associated with behavioral and motor coordination problems in childhood. However, effects on other developmental end points, including cognitive, attentional, and clinical mental disorders not measured in this study, cannot be ruled out.