tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity and Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Vesselin R. Penchev, Zeshaan A. Rasheed, Anirban Maitra, William Matsui
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in an ever-increasing number of human malignancies on the basis of their ability to recapitulate tumors in the ectopic setting and maintain long-term tumorigenic potential. In addition, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CSCs may display additional properties, such as relative drug resistance and enhanced invasive and migratory potential that implicate a role in disease pathogenesis spanning initial tumor formation to metastatic disease progression. Importantly, these findings also indicate that the development of novel therapeutic strategies capable of inhibiting or eliminating CSCs will improve clinical outcomes. Preclinical studies have already described a wide array of potential approaches that target CSC-specific surface antigens and cellular pathways involved in cell survival, adhesion, self-renewal, and differentiation. Further, progress in this area should continue to move forward as the unique biology of CSCs is better understood. All preclinical studies to date have focused on targeting specific and phenotypically defined CSCs, but multiple cell populations with the ability to form tumors and self-renew have been identified in pancreatic carcinoma. As the clinical efficacy of CSC-directed therapies will depend on the inhibition of all sources of tumor self-renewal, better understanding of how specific CSC populations are related to one another and whether each possesses specific functional properties will be critical. In this CCR Focus article, we discuss the potential relationships between different pancreatic CSC populations and strategies to identify novel targeting approaches.
What is Safe Sex?
Authors: James J. Goedert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Sexually transmitted diseases have never been eliminated as a public health problem. However, the lethality of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a sexually transmitted disease, poses unique challenges. Voluntary testing of all sexually active adults for antibodies against the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, formerly HTLV-III/LAV), in conjunction with counseling and unequivocal "standards" for safe sex, is a first step in meeting those challenges.No published data exist regarding the influence of testing on the medical, psychological, social, and economic consequences of HIV infection.1 These are real and important concerns. However, I argue that the benefits of widespread voluntary . . .
Evaluation of Angiographic Techniques of Extracranial Circulation
Authors: John A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Selective catheterization of the brachiocephalic arteries has many advantages over other methods of visualizing the carotid-vertebral system. It is safe and easy to perform, allows a desirable flexibility in the conduct of the examination, and provides exquisite definition of the vessels studied. It has proved to he useful in demonstrating an enlarged or distended carotid body in a patient with carotidynia or vascular neck pain, a troublesome but benign condition.
Severe hypersensitivity syndrome to lamotrigine confirmed by lymphocyte stimulation in vitro
Authors: N. Schaub, A. J. Bircher
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: The anticonvulsant lamotrigine has been associated with severe adverse events such as the hypersensitivity syndrome and severe bullous reactions. So far, specific immunologic tests have rarely been performed to demonstrate specific sensitization. Methods: A 36‐year‐old man suffering from epilepsy was concomitantly treated with high doses of sodium valproate and lamotrigine. About 1 month later, a severe hypersensitivity syndrome occurred affecting skin, lymph nodes, and liver. Three months later, skin tests and lymphocyte stimulation tests with anticonvulsants were performed. Results: Skin tests were negative with all drugs; lymphocyte stimulation tests were twice positive with lamotrigine. Later re‐exposure to sodium valproate was tolerated. Conclusions: Lamotrigine may elicit a severe hypersensitivity syndrome. Particularly high initial doses and concomitant treatment with sodium valproate increase the risk of cutaneous reactions. The lymphocyte stimulation test was used to identify the culprit drug. Lymphocyte sensitization to the drug or a metabolite may be involved in the pathogenesis.
THE RELIEF OF CHRONIC DEAFNESS, TINNITUS AURIUM AND TYMPANIC VERTIGO, BY REMOVAL OF THE INCUS AND STAPES.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: CHARLES H. BURNETT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

There are numerous cases of chronic catarrhal otitis media with the characteristic tinnitus, deafness, and tympanic vertigo, which continue to suffer even after the nares, naso-pharynx, and fauces are restored to health. Therefore, after the restoration of the nose, naso-pharynx, Eustachian tube, and throat to a normal condition, the aural symptoms being little or no better, the aurist is confronted with the very important question as to what shall be done to improve the hearing, reduce the tinnitus and abolish the vertiginous tendency. Many surgical methods of treating the ear at this point of its history have been suggested and put into operation, chiefly for the relief of one prominent symptom, namely, deafness. These operations have ranged from simple puncture to total excision of the tympanic membrane, and the removal of one or more of the ossicula. Sometimes, however, patients complain more bitterly of the noises in their ears and
Dutch microbiologists are disciplined for delays during pneumonia outbreak
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate has filed a rare medical disciplinary complaint against a group of three medical microbiologists, aimed at reaffirming standards of hospital care when tackling outbreaks of infection involving multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria.

The action comes after a highly critical report by the inspectorate into an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae Oxa-48 at Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam.

The outbreak continued without proper action for more than a year, infecting more than 100 patients and causing very probably three and possibly a further 10 deaths. Up to 4000 patients risked exposure, having shared a room with an infected patient.

The inspectorate concludes that the “seriousness, extent, and duration” …
Measurement of Flow in Single Blood Vessels Including Cardiac Output by Local Thermodilution
Authors: A. FRONĚ, V. GANZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

On the basis of local thermodilution a method for measuring blood flow in a single vessel was elaborated. The measurement was accomplished by a special catheter with an injection orifice and a thermistor. The accuracy of the method was studied both in model and in vivo experiments on dogs (in jugular vein, in carotid and pulmonary artery) and good correlation was found with direct methods.
The Voluntary Teaching Hospital — Some Problems of Administration and Finance
Authors: Sidney S. Lee, Lawrence E. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

TODAY'S teaching hospital is one of the most complex organizations of modern society. This complexity reflects efforts to meet multiple objectives in a single organizational framework, for the teaching hospital functions in three distinct areas. It must meet standards of excellence not only in patient care but also in the education of those who provide that care, and in a program of research that embraces the causes of disease, the cure or amelioration of disease and the evaluation of results. All this is expected to take place in an atmosphere characterized by broad social responsibility, high standards of professional conduct . . .
ARE CONDITIONS LINKED WITH T-CELL STIMULATION NECESSARY FOR PROGRESSIVE HTLV-III INFECTION?
Authors: Helmut Wachter, Dietmar Fuchs, Arno Hausen, Paul Hengster, Gilbert Reibnegger, Hans Reissigl, Diether Schoenitzer, Thomas Schulz, ErnstR. Werner, ManfredP. Dierich
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
CORRELATION BETWEEN MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION SCAN AND SUBSEQUENT CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION IN A 200-BED HOSPITAL NOT GREATLY MOTIVATED BY ECONOMICS
Authors: H. Saini, A. Ramos-Gabatin, G. Chang, R. Evanchyk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

74rth Medical Squadron Support Group, Nuclear Medicine Department, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH
Intracoronary hyperoxemic blood infusion following primary percutaneous coronary intervention in anterior acute myocardial infarction patients: Positive effects on cardiac enzyme kinetic, ST-segment changes, and left ventricular function recovery
Authors: Daniela Trabattoni, Franco Fabbiocchi, Piero Montorsi, Giancarlo Marenzi, Alessandro Loaldi, Paolo Ravagnani, Fabrizio Celeste, Stefano Galli, Luca Grancini, Antonio L. Bartorelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
High prevalence of ACE DD and genotype in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Antonio Michelucci, Francesca Gensini, Luigi Padeletti, Cinzia Fatini, Elena Sticchi, Mirella Coppo, Andrea Colella, Paolo Pieragnoli, Nicola Musilli, Maria C. Porciani, Rosanna Abbate, Daniela Poli, GianFranco Gensini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The role of natural killer cells and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity during murine cytomegalovirus infection.
Authors: G V Quinnan, J E Manischewitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Definition of the functions by which the cellular immune system contributes to control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection should permit determination of the specific defects which result in the increased susceptibility to infection of immunosuppressed individuals. Using a murine model, we studied the cytotoxic lymphocyte response to murine CMV infection. This response was found to be biphasic. The initial phase extended from the 3rd to the 6th d after infection, was not genetically restricted, and correlated to a rise in numbers of natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent killer (K) cells in spleens. The NK- and K-cell responses were preceded, by 24 h, by a rise in serum interferon levels, and occurred before the time when antibody could be measured in serum by neutralization. NK and K cells appear to develop the capacity for specific recognition of CMV-infected cells and the potential to contribute to control of the acute phase of CMV infection.
Determination of Serum Immunoreactive Erythropoietin in the Investigation of Erythrocytosis
Authors: P. Mary Cotes, Caroline J. Doré, John A. Liu Yin, S. Mitchell Lewis, Maria Messinezy, Thomas C. Pearson, Cecil Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We assessed the diagnostic value of determinations of serum levels of immunoreactive erythropoietin in 90 patients referred for the investigation of a raised packed red-cell volume (hematocrit) and possible erythrocytosis (a red-cell volume greater than that predicted by weight, body-surface area, or both). The mean values for erythropoietin were 16 mIU per milliliter (range, 8 to 22) in patients with polycythemia rubra vera (n = 24), 30 mIU per milliliter (range, 14 to 123) in patients with secondary erythrocytosis (n = 12), 27 mIU per milliliter (range, 13 to greater than 400) in patients with erythrocytosis of unknown origin (n = 19), and 25 mIU per milliliter (range, 18 to 35) in normal controls (n = 25). The values in the patients with polycythemia rubra vera were lower than those in the other three groups (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, and P less than 0.0001, respectively). In subjects with an increased packed red-cell volume but without erythrocytosis (n = 35), the levels of serum erythropoietin were the same as those in normal controls. Among patients with erythrocytosis with an unknown cause, abnormally high serum erythropoietin levels were found in 3 of 19 subjects, and in 1 of these 3 the abnormality was intermittent. Thus, measurement of serum erythropoietin in a single sample may be misleading and may not have high discriminatory value in distinguishing between polycythemia rubra vera and secondary erythrocytosis. This assay is useful in identifying patients with secondary erythrocytosis who have inappropriate erythropoietin secretion.
Diet and sire effects on serum cholesterol and cholesterol absorption in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
Authors: G E Mott, C A McMahan, H C McGill
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

One hundred three baboon infants, the progeny of an equal number of dams and seven sires, were breast fed or were fed prepared formulas containing 1.2, 29, or 61 mg/dl cholesterol for 14 weeks. We measured serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations at birth and at 3-week intervals, and cholesterol absorption at 12 weeks. Dietary cholesterol had a significant effect on serum cholesterol concentration at 12 weeks and on cholesterol absorption, but did not affect weight or serum triglyceride concentration. Sire had a significant effect on serum cholesterol concentration at birth and at 12 weeks, but the effect at birth did not predict the effect at 12 weeks. Sire did not affect cholesterol absorption, serum triglyceride concentration, or weight at 12 weeks. The sire effect on serum cholesterol concentration in infancy is not mediated by control of cholesterol absorption. Males weighed more than females at 12 weeks, but sex did not affect serum cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, or cholesterol absorption.
EFFECT OF SECONDARY INJECTIONS OF ANTIGEN UPON THE RETENTION IN LIVER OF A PRIMARY INJECTION
Authors: Justine S. Garvey, Dan H. Campbell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The retention of antigen in rabbit liver tissue, resulting from a primary intravenous injection, is influenced by immunization brought about by subsequent intravenous injections of the same antigen. In rabbits given a single primary intravenous injection of radioactive antigen, the retention of radioactivity in liver tissue, after a period of 21 days, was greater than when the primary injection was followed by secondary injections of the same, but non-radioactive antigen. The results were similar for both S(35)-azohemocyanin and S(35)-azo-bovine-serum-albumin, except the hemocyanin was retained to a greater extent than the albumin. There was very little if any correlation between the number of secondary injections and retention of the initial injection. Quantitative antibody nitrogen data, obtained for the serum of each rabbit showed, in general, an inverse relationship between circulating antibody and radioactivity retained, i.e. the higher the circulating antibody titer, the lower the retention of radioactivity in liver tissue. Passively administered homologous antibody did not produce a change in the retention of the primary injection of antigen nor did secondary injections of a heterologous native protein injected according to the same immunization schedule as the homologous azoprotein. From these results it may be concluded that an intracellular antibody-forming activity influences the loss (or retention) of antigen deposited in liver tissue and that the mechanism is immunologically specific.
Prognostic significance of 11q23 aberrations in adult acute myeloid leukemia and the role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Y Chen, H Kantarjian, S Pierce, S Faderl, S O'Brien, W Qiao, L Abruzzo, M de Lima, P Kebriaei, E Jabbour, N Daver, T Kadia, Z Estrov, G Garcia-Manero, J Cortes, F Ravandi
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Sexual health of teenagers in England and Wales: analysis of national data
Authors: Angus Nicoll, Mike Catchpole, Susan Cliffe, Gwenda Hughes, Ian Simms, Daniel Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sexual health is an essential component of general health and includes the avoidance of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.Unintended pregnancies are associated with increased risk of poor social, economic, and health outcomes for mother and child, 1 and important sequelae of sexually transmitted infections include pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, cervical cancer, and increased susceptibility to HIV infection.For some of these factors teenagers are at greater risk than older women. 1
Sublobular veins as the main site of lymphocyte adhesion/transmigration and adhesion molecule expression in the porto-sinusoidal-hepatic venous system during concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Hiroyasu Morikawa, Kazutaka Hachiya, Hidekazu Mizuhara, Hiromi Fujiwara, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Susumu Shiomi, Tetsuo Kuroki, Kenji Kaneda
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Lymphocyte infiltration is a manifest feature of hepatitis. To reveal the main site and mechanism of lymphocyte adhesion/extravasation in the hepatic vasculature during inflammation, we morphometrically and histologically analyzed these events in relation to adhesion molecule expression using a murine model of T-cell mediated hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A). Although lymphocyte adhesion was restricted to the sinusoids in untreated mice, it increased in all the segments of porto-sinusoidal-hepatic venous system 8 hours after Con A injection; the number of adhering lymphocytes per unit vascular circumference was the largest in the sublobular veins, relatively large in the central veins and small hepatic veins, and relatively small in the sinusoids and negligible in the portal veins. At 20 hours, extravascular lymphocytes showed similar distribution to lymphocyte adhesion at 8 hours except in the portal veins, around which they were possibly accumulated by the translocation of extrasinusoidal lymphocytes. E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were transiently expressed at 4 to 6 hours, whereas P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were not changed between 0 and 48 hours. In particular, E-selectin expression coincided with that of lymphocyte adhesion in distribution. Lymphocyte attachment was inhibited by pretreatment with anti-E-selectin monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-VCAM-1 MAb, and expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 was suppressed by pretreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) MAb. Electron microscopically, lymphocytes were trapped by endothelial lamellipodia and traversed the endothelium by diapedesis. These results indicate that lymphocyte adhesion/transmigration preferentially takes place in the sublobular veins in association with TNF-α-induced endothelial activation, i.e., E-selectin and VCAM-1 expression and lamellipodia formation.
Hypnosis and Suggestion in Obstetrics
Authors: G. Newbold
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL JOURKLL filter through good-quality filter paper.The filtrate should be clear.Add 0.5 ml. of the filtrate to 5 ml. of Benedict's qualitative reagent and treat as before.Wih a Duboscq colorimeter set the unknown at 10 and read the standard.Let the reading be R.(40-R)x 5 (dilution) (40-R) x 5 grammes 2 (for using 0.5 instead of O.25) 2 per litreThat is, we can read the amount direct as if we are using 0.1 ml. of urine (from the table and Fig. 1).With the Lumetron 2 ml. of the supernatant fluid is mixed with 8 ml. of water (as usual).The transmission is read on the line of 0.1 ml. of urine.For the amount of sugar in milk divide by 10 to get grammes %.The result is multiplied finally by 67/50, the reduction factor for lactose.
Cationic core–shell nanoparticles with carmustine contained within O6-benzylguanine shell for glioma therapy
Authors: Lili Qian, Jiajun Zheng, Ke Wang, Ying Tang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Haishi Zhang, Fengping Huang, Yuanying Pei, Yanyan Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
STUDIES ON MEDIATOR PRODUCTION BY HIGHLY PURIFIED HUMAN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Ross E. Rocklin, Richard P. MacDermott, Leonard Chess, Stuart F. Schlossman, John R. David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Highly purified populations of T and B lymphocytes obtained by affinity column separation were stimulated by antigen and their ability to produce two mediators, migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and lymphocyte mitogenic factor (LMF) was assessed. Both T- and B-cell populations made MIF; the production of MIF was antigen-specific using purified protein derivative of tuberculin, streptokinase-streptodornase, and Candida antigens. The MIF activity from both populations could not be attributed to antigen-antibody complexes as the inhibitory activity eluted from Sephadex G-100 columns in the same region corresponding to mol wt 23,000 daltons. Further studies indicate that the T cells producing MIF are proliferating cells whereas the B cells producing this mediator are not. In contrast, LMF was made only by T cells and not B cells when these populations were stimulated by antigen. The LMF induced the [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into both T and B cells obtained from donors lacking sensitivity to the antigens used to elicit the factor. Chromatographic studies indicate that LMF eluted from Sephadex G-100 in a fraction of mol wt 23,000 daltons where MIF is also found; however, since B cells produce MIF but not LMF, these two factors appear to be distinct from one another. Some of the implications of these findings are discussed. The explanation for the production or lack of production of MIF by lymphocytes obtained from patients with immunodeficiency disorders requires reinterpretation.
A 6 30 pm appointment
Authors: J. Malcolm
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Cross-species protein conservation patterns, as directed by natural selection, are indicative of the interplay between protein function, protein-protein interaction and evolution. Since the beginning of the genomic era, proteins were characterized as either conserved or not conserved. This simple classification became archaic and cursory once data on protein orthologs became available for thousands of species. To enrich the language used to describe protein conservation patterns, and to understand their biological significance, we classified 20,294 human proteins against 1096 species. Analyses of the conservation patterns of human proteins in different eukaryotic clades yielded extremely variable and rich patterns that had never been characterized or studied before. Using mathematical classifications, we defined seven conservation motifs: Steps, Critical, Lately Developed, Plateau, Clade Loss, Trait Loss and Gain, which describe the evolution of human proteins. Overall, our work offers novel terms for conservation patterns and defines a new language intended to comprehensively describe protein evolution. This novel terminology enables the classification of proteins based on evolution, reveals aspects of protein evolution, and improves the understanding of protein functions.