tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P5-11-04: A New Immunohistochemistry-Based Assay SBrC5 Classifies Invasive Breast Cancer Subtypes – Profiling Five Biomarkers in One Single Test.
Authors: H Liu, S Muralitharan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Obtaining expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2 is essential for guiding treatment and predicting outcome for breast cancers. By adding cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR to the above mentioned three common biomarkers, a five-biomarker breast cancer panel has been validated in previous studies for identifying the basal-like subtype with superior prognostic values than the triple negative subtype1. The current study aimed to evaluate a new immunohistochemical assay, named Subtyping Breast Cancers 5-in-1 Assay (abbreviated as SBrC5, or “the assay” in this poster), for classifying breast cancer subtypes. Material and Methods: A cocktail of ER, PR, Her2, cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR antibodies (SBrC5 Cocktail) and the MultiVision Detection Kit (TFS Cat. #: TL-012-MARH) were used in generating the data for this poster. The Multivision Detection Kit is a double staining system with two visualizing colors, red and blue. The assay was performed on a breast cancer tissue microarray containing 75 cases in duplicate. Both color and cellular localization of the staining generated from the assay was used for the result interpretation. There were three staining clusters: 1) Red Nuclei indicated ER or PR positive; 2) Red Membrane indicated Her2 expression; and 3) Blue Membrane or Cytoplasm indicated EGFR or cytokeratine 5/6 positivity respectively. The same breast cancer tissue microarray was also subjected to individual IHC tests of ER, PR, Her2, cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR. The concordance between the assay and the individual tests was analyzed. Results: The assay SBrC5 was found to have excellent effectiveness in detecting ER or PR positivity, Her2 over expression, and cytokeratine 5/6 or EGFR positivity. The concordance for the assay when compared to the individual tests for each biomarker were 94.1%, 93.8% and 92.4% for Her2, combined results of ER and PR, and combined results of cytokeratine 5/6 and EGFR respectively. When a similar comparison was made, the sensitivity was 87.9%, 94.3% and 73.7%; the specificity was 100%, 93.1% and 100%. Discussion: This study has demonstrated that a single test of the assay SBrC5 was able to accomplish the collective task of the individual IHC tests of the five-biomarker breast cancer panel. The assay is able to provide sufficient information for classifying breast cancer subtypes with only a single IHC test. Thus it makes it possible to obtain subtypes information in biopsy settings where the tumor tissue obtained is often insufficient for multiple tests required to accomplish such task by existing methods. Reference: Maggie C.U. Cheang, David Voduc, Chris Bajdik, et al. Clin Cancer Res March 1, 2008 14; 1368. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-04.
2-Year Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Using a Self-Expanding Valve Prosthesis
Authors: Lutz Buellesfeld, Ulrich Gerckens, Gerhard Schuler, Raoul Bonan, Jan Kovac, Patrick W. Serruys, Marino Labinaz, Peter den Heijer, Michael Mullen, Wayne Tymchak, Stephan Windecker, Ralf Mueller, Eberhard Grube
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Comparative Double-Blind Study of Ketanserin versus Propranolol in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension
Authors: K. Ito, T. Omae, M. Ikeda, O. Iimura, K. Yoshinaga, M. Ishii, Y. Kaneko, Y. Mizuno, Y. Masuyama, T. Takeda, T. Kokubu, K. Arakawa, K. Tanaka
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Myosin light chain isoforms and their phosphorylation in arterial smooth muscle.
Authors: F Erdödi, M Bárány, K Bárány
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Arterial smooth muscle myosin contains nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated light chains that appear as 4 spots on two-dimensional, Coomassie blue-stained gel electrophoretograms at the 20,000-molecular weight level (referred to as spots 4 through 1 in order of decreasing isoelectric points). Anti-light chain recognizes the proteins in all 4 light chain spots. Complete dephosphorylation of light chain in muscle homogenate, by inhibiting myosin light chain kinase and by adding phosphatase, leads to 2 spots on two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms; both spots are visible on immunoblots. Stimulation (K+ or stretch) of smooth muscle results in increased light chain phosphorylation. Autoradiography of the gel electrophoretograms reveals that radioactive components are contained in spots 3, 2, 1, and in an additional spot with lower isoelectric point, referred to as spot 0. Phosphoamino acid analysis shows that spots 3 and 1 contain phosphoserine, whereas spots 2 and 0 contain phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping of the trypsin-digested proteins from spots 3 and 1 shows predominantly 2 peptides; whereas from spots 2 and 0, it shows 5 peptides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the phosphopeptides obtained with Staphylococcus aureus V8 digestion gives identical maps for spots 3 and 2, which are different from the identical maps of spots 1 and 0. The results suggest that arterial smooth muscle myosin contains 2 nonphosphorylated 20,000-dalton light chain isoforms with different amino acid sequences and that each isoform can be mono- and diphosphorylated.
CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICTORS OF SIDE BRANCH NARROWING AFTER MAIN VESSEL STENTING IN CORONARY BIFURCATION LESION
Authors: Tomohiko Yamamoto, Yoshinobu Murasato, Takata Kohei, Suematsu Yasunori, Yoritaka Otsuka, Taro Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
HYPERTENSIN IN THE SYSTEMIC BLOOD OF ANIMALS WITH EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Frank Gollan, Evelyn Richardson, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

1. A method has been developed which makes possible the demonstration of a pressor substance in the circulating systemic blood of dogs with experimental renal hypertension. 2. After the intravenous injection of renin into normal dogs, it was possible to detect a pressor substance formed in the systemic blood. After the intravenous injection of 1 unit of renin, as much as 1 unit of the pressor substance was detected in the plasma from 200 cc. of systemic blood. 3. Large amounts of systemic blood pooled from several normal dogs did not contain detectable amounts of pressor substance. 4. In experimental renal hypertension due to unilateral or bilateral constriction of the main renal arteries, a pressor substance was demonstrated in large amounts of systemic blood, corresponding to from one-fifth to one-third of the total blood volume. This was accomplished without the addition of hypertensinogen to enhance the action of the renin in the blood. In an animal weighing about 15 kilos, with benign hypertension up to 3 months' duration, about 3 to 5 units of this pressor substance are probably constantly circulating in the entire systemic blood. 5. The pressor substance was also detected in a relatively small amount of renal vein blood from an ischemic kidney. 6. In the systemic blood of dogs weighing about 15 kilos, with malignant experimental renal hypertension, from 15 to 25 units, or more, of the pressor substance are present in the entire circulating blood. 7. The pressor substance which appears in the systemic blood of dogs with experimental renal hypertension, and of normal dogs after intravenous injection of renin, is destroyed by hypertensinase. 8. The pressor substance obtained from the systemic blood of dogs with experimental renal hypertension has the same physiological and chemical properties as hypertensin produced in vitro. It is therefore suggested that the name hypertensin be adopted for the pressor substance which causes experimental renal hypertension. 9. In this study the animals in the benign phase of hypertension were almost all in the early stage (3 months or less). Whether the humoral mechanism obtains in animals in the late stage, after years of hypertension, or in any form of human hypertension is being investigated.
The potential effects of tobacco control in China: projections from the China SimSmoke simulation model
Authors: D. Levy, R. L. Rodriguez-Buno, T.-W. Hu, A. E. Moran
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To use a computer simulation model to project the potential impact in China of tobacco control measures on smoking, as recommended by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), being fully implemented. <b>Design</b> Modelling study. <b>Setting</b> China. <b>Population</b> Males and females aged 15-74 years. <b>Intervention</b> Incremental impact of more complete implementation of WHO FCTC policies simulated using SimSmoke, a Markov computer simulation model of tobacco smoking prevalence, smoking attributable deaths, and the impact of tobacco control policies. Data on China's adult population, current and former smoking prevalence, initiation and cessation rates, and past policy levels were entered into SimSmoke in order to predict past smoking rates and to project future status quo rates. The model was validated by comparing predicted smoking prevalence with smoking prevalence measured in tobacco surveys from 1996-2010. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Projected future smoking prevalence and smoking attributable deaths from 2013-50. <b>Results</b> Status quo tobacco policy simulations projected a decline in smoking prevalence from 51.3% in 2015 to 46.5% by 2050 in males and from 2.1% to 1.3% in females. Of the individual FCTC recommended tobacco control policies, increasing the tobacco excise tax to 75% of the retail price was projected to be the most effective, incrementally reducing current smoking compared with the status quo by 12.9% by 2050. Complete and simultaneous implementation of all FCTC policies was projected to incrementally reduce smoking by about 40% relative to the 2050 status quo levels and to prevent approximately 12.8 million smoking attributable deaths and 154 million life years lost by 2050. <b>Conclusions</b> Complete implementation of WHO FCTC recommended policies would prevent more than 12.8 million smoking attributable deaths in China by 2050. Implementation of FCTC policies would alleviate a substantial portion of the tobacco related health burden that threatens to slow China's extraordinary gains in life expectancy and prosperity.
Traumatic Fistula between Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein
Authors: Kevin G. Ryan, Stanley H. Lorber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Case ReportA 61-year-old man was admitted to another hospital in 1964, complaining of abdominal swelling and pain. At 22 years of age he had been wounded by a bullet that entered the right lower part of the chest and lodged to the right of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. A right-sided retroperitoneal hematoma was evacuated, and he recovered uneventfully. He was well for the ensuing 39 years. Abdominal swelling, which began several months before admission, was associated with mild, generalized, abdominal pain and frequent episodes of diarrhea. Physical examination revealed moderate ascites and slight tenderness in the upper abdomen. Exploratory . . .
Genetic polymorphisms in <i>IL10RA</i> and <i>TNF</i> modify the association between blood transfusion and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Xiaofeng Bi, Tongzhang Zheng, Qing Lan, Zhijian Xu, Yingtai Chen, Gongjian Zhu, Francine Foss, Christopher Kim, Min Dai, Ping Zhao, Theodore Holford, Brian Leaderer, Peter Boyle, Qian Deng, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Yawei Zhang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract We conducted a population‐based case‐control study in Connecticut women to test the hypothesis that genetic variations in Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes may modify the association between blood transfusion and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Compared with women without blood transfusion, women with a history of transfusion had an increased risk of NHL if they carried IL10RA ( rs9610 ) GG genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–3.2] or TNF ( rs1800629 ) AG/AA genotypes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9–2.7). We also found women with a history of transfusion had a decreased risk of NHL if they carried IL10RA ( rs9610 ) AG/AA genotypes (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9) or TNF ( rs1800629 ) GG genotype (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–1.0). A similar pattern was also observed for B‐cell lymphoma but not for T‐cell lymphoma. Statistically significant interactions with blood transfusion were observed for IL10RA ( rs9610 ) ( P forinteraction = 0.003) and TNF ( rs1800629 ) ( P forinteraction = 0.012) for NHL overall and IL10RA ( rs9610 ) ( P forinteraction = 0.001) and TNF ( rs1800629 ) ( P forinteraction = 0.019) for B‐cell lymphoma. The results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in TNF and IL10RA genes may modify the association between blood transfusion and NHL risk. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosing pulmonary embolism
Authors: K. M Moser
Journal: BMJ (1994)

All doctors with patients suspected of having an acute deep venous thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism would love a diagnostic magic bullet. They long for a test that would rule in or rule out the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism with a high degree of certainty. Ideally, such a test would be rapid, non-invasive, and widely available.

The search for a reliable test has continued because the clinical diagnosis of thromboembolism is neither sensitive nor specific. Neither symptoms nor examination of the legs are reliable; nor can clinical signs or symptoms define the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism. Clinical signs and symptoms can only suggest these diagnoses—and asymptomatic venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are both fairly common.

Not surprisingly, then, over the years a succession of simple, relatively non-invasive tests has been explored. Blood tests have included measurement of the “diagnostic” triad of lactic dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; immunoglobulin E1; …
THE ESSENTIALS AND NON-ESSENTIALS OF OPHTHALMIC ASEPSIS.
Authors: HAROLD GIFFORD
Journal: JAMA (1903)

There are two fundamental propositions which should be kept in mind in our attempt to do aseptic eye surgery. First, that the conjunctival sac in the great majority of cases, and probably always, contains germs which are pathogenic, or which can, under certain conditions, become so. The white pus coccus is probably as constant an inhabitant of the conjunctival surface as it is of the skin. The pneumococcus of Fraenkel is frequently found there and probably occurs more often than most experimenters would have us think. I judge this to be the case from the difficulty with which it is grown and the ease with which its colonies are overlooked, when other germs are plentiful. The germ which occurs in the largest numbers in the conjunctival sac is the so-called xerosis or pseudo-diphtheria bacillus; and, although it is generally described as non-pathogenic, some of the best authorities regard
Oral Norfloxacin for Prevention of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Granulocytopenia
Authors: Judith E. Karp, William G. Merz, Carol Hendricksen, Barbara Laughon, Teresa Redden, Brian J. Bamberger, John G. Bartlett, Rein Saral, Philip J. Burke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

We evaluated the effect of norfloxacin, 400 mg given orally every 12 hours, on the prevention of bacterial infections in 68 adult patients who had acute leukemia throughout prolonged courses of granulocytopenia (median, 32 days). Gram-negative infections were documented in 13 of the 33 patients receiving placebo, but only in 4 of the 35 patients receiving norfloxacin; no effect on the frequency of gram-positive or fungal infections was noted. Norfloxacin administration resulted in the suppression of gastrointestinal tract colonization by aerobic bacteria without the development of norfloxacin resistance. Patients receiving norfloxacin developed first infectious fevers later than did those receiving placebo, had more rapid resolution of that fever after systemic antibiotic treatment, and spent less time febrile. Therefore, although no difference was seen in survival duration, we found that the prophylactic administration of oral norfloxacin led to decreases in overall morbidity and gram-negative infections, was well tolerated, and did not predispose to the development of multiply drug-resistant bacteria.
Anesthesia for Obstetrics
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ANESTHESIA for obstetrics is well over a century old, but a review of methods used reveals few innovations in the past fifty years. Nevertheless, progress has been made through increased knowledge of the action of anesthetics, more so in the elucidation of fetal and maternal physiology. Still, the barrier to optimum anesthetic care for all is a scarcity of trained physicians who can apply the technics necessary for safe conduct in all types of obstetric problems. Not only more anesthesiologists but anesthesiologists who are conversant with the practice of obstetrics are needed. Anesthesia given by the uninitiated leads to the . . .
Test for Lyme Disease in a Prepaid Health Plan-Reply
Authors: Catherine Ley
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Mr Berardi and Dr Seder for their comments concerning our article on the use of Lyme disease serologic tests. Needless to say, we agree that a more specific and sensitive serologic test will yield results that are more useful to clinicians attempting to confirm or refute the diagnosis of Lyme disease, particularly in a patient with signs and symptoms compatible with either early-stage or late-stage Lyme disease. In fact, laboratory testing for Lyme disease at the facility we studied was subsequently changed to a whole-cell sonicate enzyme immunoassay, followed by Western blot testing of all positive specimens. In addition, we are currently involved in a collaborative study with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is comparing these results with an experimental new ELISA test. However, the purpose of our study was to examine the appropriateness and utility of Lyme disease serologic testing as currently
Erythrocyte Na,K pump in uremia. Acute correction of a transport defect by hemodialysis.
Authors: H Izumo, S Izumo, M DeLuise, J S Flier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We studied the erythrocyte Na,K-pump in chronically hemodialyzed uremic patients, immediately before and after a 4-h period of hemodialysis. Using [3H]ouabain as a probe, the number of Na,K-pump units per erythrocyte did not differ in uremic and control subjects, and hemodialysis had no acute effect on this parameter. In contrast, in these same cells the mean level of Na,K-pump-mediated 86Rb transport was 30% lower in predialysis uremic patients than in controls, and this diminution in the rate of 86Rb transport per pump unit was improved after 4 h of hemodialysis in 17 of 18 subjects. The results of in vitro incubation of normal cells with pre- and post-dialysis sera from uremic patients suggested that a serum factor is responsible for the observed inhibition of Na,K-pump activity. Changes in cell Na concentration during dialysis did not appear to be responsible for the increased rate of Na,K-pump turnover after hemodialysis. However, there was a significant correlation between the extent of rise in pump-mediated 86Rb uptake and the weight loss that occurred during dialysis. We conclude that the ion transport turnover rate of the erythrocyte Na,K-pump is impaired in uremia by a nonouabain like circulating factor. This factor, whose activity is diminished acutely by hemodialysis, may play an important role in the systemic manifestations of the uremic syndrome, and could be an important endogenous regulator of the Na,K-ATPase.
Abstract 8567: Combination of Active Targeting Erythropoietin-Liposome with Sialyl Lewis X and G-CSF, is Markedly Protective against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via EPCs Mobilization and Upregulation of p-Akt and p-ERK
Authors: Yoshihisa Yamada, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Shinji Yasuda, Masamitsu Iwasa, Shohei Sumi, Hiroaki Ushikoshi, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Genzou Takemura, Takako Fujiwara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: We previously reported that erythropoietin(EPO)-containing nano-size liposome with Sialyl Lewis X (SLX) and G-CSF prevent cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac function, respectively. Then we hypothesized that combination of EPO-liposome with SLX and G-CSF might be more protective against ischemia reperfusion injury than EPO-liposome with SLX or G-CSF alone. Methods: Japanese white rabbits (n=40) were subjected to 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by 14 days of reperfusion. Rabbits were administered saline (control group, i.v., n=10), G-CSF (G group, 10μ g/kg/day, i.c., for 5days, n=10), EPO-liposome with SLX (LE group, i.v., 5000IU/ml of EPO, 1ml, n=10), G-CSF + EPO-liposome with SLX (LE+G group, n=10) after reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was calculated as a percentage of the risk area of the left ventricle. Western blot-analysis examined phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, and expression of E- and P-selectin in the ischemic myocardium at 14days of reperfusion. We also performed fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to evaluate CD34 + /CXCR4 + cell mobilization at 7 days after reperfusion. Results: The infarct size was significantly smaller in the LE+G group (14.0±2.5%) than in the control group (29.0±5.4%), G group (20.3±5.6%) or LE group (18.7±3.7%). Western blot-analysis showed a higher expression of phosphorylated(p)-Akt and p-ERK and expression of E- and P-selectin in the infarct area of the LE+G group than the others. Serum SDF-1 level at 2 days after reperfusion was higher in the G group and the LE+G group than in the Control group or the LE group. The percentages of CD34 + /CXCR4 + cells among total peripheral blood mononuclear cells of G group and LE+G group were higher than the others. Conclusions: Combination of post-infarct treatment with G-CSF and EPO-liposome with SLX markedly reduced the infarct size via EPCs mobilization and upregulation of p-Akt and p-ERK in the ischemic myocardium. This combination therapy may provide a new strategy for the treatment of myocardial infarction.