tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disrupted signaling and inhibited regeneration in obese mice with fatty livers: Implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathophysiology
Authors: Shi Qi Yang, Hui Zhi Lin, Aloke K. Mandal, Jiawen Huang, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The impaired regenerative capacity of fatty livers might promote the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To identify mechanisms involved, regenerative responses were compared in normal mice and ob/ob mice (a model for NAFLD) after partial hepatectomy (PH). We hypothesized that the usual PH activation of oxidant-sensitive, growth-regulatory kinase cascades would be abnormal in fatty hepatocytes, which have adapted to chronic oxidant stress, and expected that this might interfere with the induction of proliferative- and stress-related genes. The normal coordinated induction of Jun N-terminal kinases (Jnks) and extracellular regulated kinases (Erks) does not occur after PH in ob/ob mice, which cannot activate Jnks but can superinduce Erks. Jnk inhibition is associated with enhanced activation of Akt, which inhibits phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) induction, causing severe hypoglycemia and increased lethality in the ob/ob group. Activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is also inhibited, but liver damage is increased only modestly, perhaps because Akt-regulated survival factors are protective. Despite enhanced Erk activity, induction of cyclin D-1, an NF-κB target gene, is abolished and this, together with hyperphosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat-3) and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, arrests fatty hepatocytes in G 1 . Thus, in mice with NAFLD that have adapted hepatocyte signaling mechanisms to survive chronic oxidative stress, the cellular response to an acute regenerative stimulus is altered. This contributes to NAFLD pathophysiology by inhibiting proliferation, increasing injury, and limiting function in fatty livers.
Transforming growth factor-β1 increases glucocorticoid binding and signaling in macrophages through a Smad- and activated protein-1–mediated process 11See Editorial by Steinmetz and Stahl, p. 2317.
Authors: Julie Peltier, Joëlle Perez, Agnès Bellocq, Brigitte Escoubet, Bruno Fouqueray, Laurent Baud
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Maternal uterine NK cell–activating receptor KIR2DS1 enhances placentation
Authors: Shiqiu Xiong, Andrew M. Sharkey, Philippa R. Kennedy, Lucy Gardner, Lydia E. Farrell, Olympe Chazara, Julien Bauer, Susan E. Hiby, Francesco Colucci, Ashley Moffett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Reduced trophoblast invasion and vascular conversion in decidua are thought to be the primary defect of common pregnancy disorders including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Genetic studies suggest these conditions are linked to combinations of polymorphic killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes expressed by maternal decidual NK cells (dNK) and HLA-C genes expressed by fetal trophoblast. Inhibitory KIR2DL1 and activating KIR2DS1 both bind HLA-C2, but confer increased risk or protection from pregnancy disorders, respectively. The mechanisms underlying these genetic associations with opposing outcomes are unknown. We show that KIR2DS1 is highly expressed in dNK, stimulating strong activation of KIR2DS1+ dNK. We used microarrays to identify additional responses triggered by binding of KIR2DS1 or KIR2DL1 to HLA-C2 and found different responses in dNK coexpressing KIR2DS1 with KIR2DL1 compared with dNK only expressing KIR2DL1. Activation of KIR2DS1+ dNK by HLA-C2 stimulated production of soluble products including GM-CSF, detected by intracellular FACS and ELISA. We demonstrated that GM-CSF enhanced migration of primary trophoblast and JEG-3 trophoblast cells in vitro. These findings provide a molecular mechanism explaining how recognition of HLA class I molecules on fetal trophoblast by an activating KIR on maternal dNK may be beneficial for placentation.
Lung deposition of nebulised pentamidine in children.
Authors: M J O'Doherty, S H Thomas, D Gibb, C J Page, C Harrington, C Duggan, T O Nunan, N T Bateman
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Nebulised pentamidine is effective for preventing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The nebuliser dose required to produce equivalent lung concentrations of pentamidine in children is unknown. This study was performed to measure pulmonary pentamidine deposition in children and to relate this to age, ventilation pattern, and body size.Nebulised pentamidine (50 mg in 6 ml saline) was administered to 12 children (including one with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis) and to six adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection using a Respirgard II nebuliser. Technetium-99m labeled colloidal human serum albumin was used as an indirect marker for pentamidine and deposition in the lungs was detected by a gamma camera.Absolute deposition of pentamidine was not related to age, height, weight, spirometry, or ventilation characteristics. Deposition, as a mean (SD) percentage of nebuliser output, was similar in children aged 8-11 years (5.5(2.4)%), teenagers aged 12-15 years (7.2(2.2)%) and adults (7.1(2.6)%). Aerosol concentration within the lungs (% nebuliser output deposited/predicted total lung capacity) was therefore higher in children (1.9(1.5)%/1) and teenagers (1.9(0.7)%/1) than in adults (1.0(0.7%)/1), and was negatively correlated with height (r = -0.69) and weight (r = -0.50). Deposition of aerosol in the region of the large central airways was particularly marked in children. Small reductions in forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity after treatment did not differ significantly between adults and children and visual analogue scores of subjective adverse effects did not vary with age.These results suggest that children probably require lower nebuliser pentamidine doses to produce lung pentamidine concentrations equivalent to those found to be effective for preventing P carinii pneumonia in adults using the Respirgard II nebuliser.
Targeting mutant p53 shows promise for sunscreens and skin cancer
Authors: Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Chronic exposure to UV light is a risk factor for skin cancer in which signature mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene occur due to DNA damage and contribute to cancer development. In this issue of the JCI, Tang et al. report on their study of a nonimmunodeficient mouse model of UVB-induced skin cancer and human skin carcinoma cells and show that the mutant p53 conformation–modifying drug CP-31398 not only treats these tumors but also prevents them (see the related article beginning on page 3753). These studies have important implications for chemoprevention as well as therapy of common, mutant p53–driven tumors.
Subtle Effects of Perinatal Infection
Authors: Richard T. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The spectrum of human disease resulting from perinatal viral infection is still far from being delineated. Viral infections of the fetus were first associated with birth defects by Gregg in 1941, when he noted cataracts and heart disease in the progeny of mothers infected with rubella during pregnancy.1 Subsequently, deafness and other deficits were associated with congenital rubella infections, and serious neonatal diseases were related to cytomegalovirus and herpes-simplex-virus infections. However, the long-term effects of clinically inapparent perinatal viral infection have not been assessed. Alford2 has shown that umbilical-cord blood IgM levels may serve as an indicator of fetal infection, . . .
High-Sensitivity CRP Discriminates HNF1A-MODY From Other Subtypes of Diabetes
Authors: Tim J. McDonald, Beverley M. Shields, Jane Lawry, Katharine R. Owen, Anna L. Gloyn, Sian Ellard, Andrew T. Hattersley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) as a result of mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1A) is often misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Recent work has shown that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or glucokinase (GCK)-MODY. We aim to replicate these findings in larger numbers and other MODY subtypes.hs-CRP levels were assessed in 750 patients (220 HNF1A, 245 GCK, 54 HNF4-α [HNF4A], 21 HNF1-β (HNF1B), 53 type 1 diabetes, and 157 type 2 diabetes).hs-CRP was lower in HNF1A-MODY (median [IQR] 0.3 [0.1-0.6] mg/L) than type 2 diabetes (1.40 [0.60-3.45] mg/L; P < 0.001) and type 1 diabetes (1.10 [0.50-1.85] mg/L; P < 0.001), HNF4A-MODY (1.45 [0.46-2.88] mg/L; P < 0.001), GCK-MODY (0.60 [0.30-1.80] mg/L; P < 0.001), and HNF1B-MODY (0.60 [0.10-2.8] mg/L; P = 0.07). hs-CRP discriminated HNF1A-MODY from type 2 diabetes with hs-CRP <0.75 mg/L showing 79% sensitivity and 70% specificity (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.84).hs-CRP levels are lower in HNF1A-MODY than other forms of diabetes and may be used as a biomarker to select patients for diagnostic HNF1A genetic testing.
THE FEMORAL ARTERY IN WAR SURGERY
Authors: J. H. Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (1918)

<b>Aims:</b> To examine the potential impact of climate variability on the transmission of Ross River virus (RRv) infection, and to assess the difference in the potential predictors of RRv incidence in coastline and inland regions, Queensland, Australia. <b>Methods:</b> Information on the RRv cases notified between 1985 to 1996 was obtained from the Queensland Department of Health. Climate and population data were supplied by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the Australia Bureau of Statistics, respectively. The function of cross correlations was used to compute a series of correlations between climate variables (rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and high tide) and the monthly incidence of RRv disease over a range of time lags. Time series Poisson regression models were performed to adjust for the autocorrelations of the monthly incidences of RRv disease and the confounding effects of seasonality, the case notification time, and population sizes. <b>Results:</b> The cross correlation function shows rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and relative humidity at a lag of 1–2 months and high tide in the current month were significantly associated with the monthly incidence of RRv in the coastline region. Relative humidity and rainfall at a lag of two months was also significantly associated with the monthly incidence of RRv in the inland region. The results of Poisson regressive models show that the incidence of RRv disease was significantly associated with rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and high tide in the coastline region, and with rainfall and relative humidity in the inland region. There was a significant interaction between climate variables and locality in RRv transmission. <b>Conclusions:</b> Climate variability may have played a significant role in the transmission of RRv. There appeared to be different responses of RRv to climate variability between coastline and inland cities in Queensland, Australia. Maximum temperature appeared to exhibit a greater impact on the RRv transmission in coastline than in inland cities. Minimum temperature and relative humidity at 3 pm inland seemed to affect the RRv transmission more than at the coastline. However, the relation between climate variables and RRv needs to be viewed within a wider context of other social and environmental factors, and further research is needed.
Scientists "grow" monkey stem cell lines from cloned embryos
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Researchers working at a biotechnology company in Massachusetts have succeeded in using cloned embryos in primates to develop stem cell lines capable of developing into bone and nerve cells.

The company, Advanced Cell Technology, which specialises in stem cell research, was widely criticised by scientists two weeks ago when they announced that they had created the first human embryos by cloning using a process (known as parthenogenesis) that stimulates egg division without the egg being fertilised by sperm (1 December, p 1267).

Rival scientists claimed that the cloning process the company was using was not …
Queries and Minor Notes.
Authors: Casey A. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COUNTING THE FETAL HEART BEAT
Authors: Joseph B. De Lee
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Nowadays a high valuation is being placed on the life of the child, and it is incumbent on obstetricians to observe narrowly its condition throughout labor. Our only means of investigating this subject is the fetal heart beat, and the latest studies have shown that minute fluctuations in rapidity, rhythm or quality of the tones are of great significance. One can often diagnose cerebral injury in a fetus that is still in utero, and predict that it will have convulsions after it is born. While a fetus runs a risk all through labor, the greatest danger occurs during the second stage, at a time when it is hardest to give it the most attention. To render auscultation of the fetal heart tones as easy as possible, even after one is "scrubbed up" for delivery, I suggested fastening a listening device to the accoucheur's head. This suggestion developed into the obstetric head
Acute Pneumocholecystitis
Authors: George D. Zuidema
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ACUTE PNEUMOCHOLECYSTITIS, or acute gaseous cholecystitis, is a rarely encountered form of acute cholecystitis, characterized by the presence of gas in the lumen or wall of the acutely inflamed gallbladder. Its pathophysiology has been the subject of some conjecture, but most authors agree that the condition represents a form of acute cholecystitis. Most cases of acute cholecystitis are initially nonsuppurative, and cultures taken at the time of cholecystectomy usually fail to reveal any growth. However, in some instances, necrosis of the gallbladder mucosa ensues, lowering local tissue resistance and permitting invasion by gas-producing organisms. This combination of circumstances sets the stage for acute pneumocholecystitis. Cholelithiasis is not necessarily present, but gangrene of the gallbladder is frequent. The clinical condition is almost always severe, and the differential diagnosis includes acute pancreatitis, perforated peptic ulcer, gram-negative septicemia, pneumonia, and acute appendicitis. The increasing frequency of diagnosis of this condition results from a
Social Influence on Adolescent Behavior
Authors: Henry D. McKay
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The development of youth culture and the parallel separation of adolescents from adults becomes intelligible when analyzed in terms of rapid social change, affluence, and the role of the automobile in our society. Youth groups, characterized by distinctive activities and codes, tend to seek approbation and assistance in the solution of their problems from peers and the mass media, rather than from adults. The incidence of problems among adolescents differs widely from one area to another. Role problems developing in the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and conduct problems, are least serious in rural areas and most serious in the devalued areas of large cities. In these areas, where street groups engage in serious delinquency, many of the male adolescents are out of school and out of work. The author suggests institutional innovation as the answer.
Development and evaluation of ointment and cream vehicles for a new topical steroid, fluclorolone acetonide
Authors: T. MALONE, J. K. HALEBLIAN, B. J. POULSEN, K. H. BURDICK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Several cream and ointment vehicles were developed for a new topical steroid, fluclorolone acetonide. The relative activity of the drug in. these formulations was evaluated by vasoconstrictor assays and by release studies. Enhanced drug release and superior vasoconstrictor activity were demonstrated by fluclorolone acetonide when prepared in vehicles in which it was entirely solubilized. Furthermore, the correlation found between solubility, release and in vivo response demonstrated the usefulness of in vitro release studies in predicting vehicle efficacy. The technical aspects of development and evaluation of ointment and cream vehicles for this steroid are discussed.
False Porphobilinogen Reactions in the Urine of Mental Patients
Authors: Lembitu Reio
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A false-positive reaction for urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) was observed in the untreated eluates obtained when the Mauzerall-Granick method was applied to urine samples of mental-hospital patients who were receiving phenothiazines. The interference may be derived from the phenothiazine medication given to the patients, either directly, or as one of the several possible metabolites, or from some singular dye constituent in the tablets. Two different chromatographic systems were designed to separate the possible interfering compound from PBG.
Role of the Dean and Faculty in Governance of the Medical School
Authors: John R. Hogness
Journal: JAMA (1968)

We need only look at the turnover rate of deans of medical schools to realize that something is amiss. The average dean is not totally happy in his job. This is in part because of the pressures put on him from many sources, but it is also because he is usually untrained for the role he must play. Further, as soon as he leaves the fold of the faculty and assumes the mantle of dean, he is invested in the eyes of the faculty with a strange and wonderful aura. Edward Rosenheim, Jr., professor of English at the University of Chicago, has written a classic "Letter to a New Dean."1 Addressing his friend Fats, the new Dean of Floodwater State University, Rosenheim comments, You are, of course, an amiable and humble man; beware, however, the illusion that the deanship involves a subtle, special expertise, the mastery of a craft whose
National Trends in Ambulance Use by Patients With Stroke, 1997-2008
Authors: Hooman Kamel, Babak B. Navi, Jahan Fahimi
Journal: JAMA (2012)

the particular clinical presentation of lichenoid drug eruption, the differential diagnosis may also include a number of other conditions such as lichen sclerosus, psoriasis, discoid lupus, graft-vs-host disease, and secondary syphilis.The intention of our article was to provide a clear and concise introduction to lichenoid drug eruption, rather than dwell on the subtleties of the differential diagnosis.We agree that in cases in which the clinical diagnosis "was so clinically clear that no other diagnosis was considered," there is little point in subjecting a patient to a skin biopsy.We would go 1 step further to recommend that a biopsy not be performed unless the results could alter clinical management.However, when considering inflammatory dermatoses (including lichenoid drug eruption) with overlapping clinical patterns and divergent treatment approaches, the skin biopsy is of tremendous importance in reaching an accurate diagnosis, especially when performed by a dermatologist. 3,4ith respect to our patient, we would have recommended discontinuation of lisinopril with every differential diagnosis.However, our definitive diagnosis allowed us to (1) more accurately counsel the patient regarding the expected time course and resolution of her eruption, (2) advise her of potential associated symptoms, (3) recommend alternative antihypertensives that are not likely to induce her particular eruption, and ( 4) have a treatment plan in place in the event that her eruption failed to resolve or worsened.In general, a biopsy early in the clinical course of an eruption-and prior to any physician-or patient-initiated treatment-provides the most definitive, accurate, and cost-effective result.Finally, although our patient's history was relatively straightforward and lent itself well to the teaching purposes of the article, most cases are not so clear-cut.Lichenoid drug eruptions have an extremely variable latency period (from weeks to years) and can be induced by numerous medications.It is frequently much more difficult to determine whether the eruption is drug-induced than it was in this case.In addition, the discontinuation of a potential culprit medication may have much more serious implications for the patient.As discussed in the article, histological features are often helpful in differentiating idiopathic lichen planus from lichenoid drug eruption.
Non-healing ulcer on the toe
Authors: E E Craythorne, A W P d. Vivier
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 59 year old Somalian woman went to her podiatrist for treatment of a lesion on her right great toe, which followed an injury eight months before. At that time radiography showed soft tissue swelling only. She was referred to an orthopaedic surgeon and admitted for intravenous antibiotics and wound debridement. However, the lesion continued to be painful and to bleed spontaneously. Despite regular dressings the wound failed to heal and she was referred to a dermatologist. On examination she had a pigmented ulcerated lesion on the distal right great toe, measuring 3×2 cm, which had replaced the nail and had extended over both lateral and distal borders (figure⇓). The lesion was more macular at the periphery and an area of depigmentation was seen. General examination revealed lymphadenopathy in the right groin. Pigmented ulcerated lesion on the distal right great toe A biopsy was taken to confirm the diagnosis. Positron emission tomography showed deposits in the right groin. ### Short answers
Actinomycosis Treated with Sulphapyridine
Authors: R. W. Billington
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Staphylococcal Septicaemia treated with PenicillinThe following record of a case of septicaemia which responded to treatment with penicillin may be of interest.CASE HISTORY The patient, a lance-corporal aged 21, had been treated for sinusitis two months before the present illness, and had had 'several examinations on account of chronic cough; these were Tb.-negative.Two weeks before admission to hospital he had had a boil on the neck, which healed on being opened and drained.Five days before admission he reported sick with acute pain over the right sacro-iliac region.There were no other symptoms, and no pyrexia.He was treated at home with local heat.An unusual feature was the extreme I would like to thank Mr.
Outcome after acute myocardial infarction in young patients: analysis of the PAMI database
Authors: Roberto A. Corpus, Judith A. Boura, Gregg W. Stone, Bruce R. Brodie, David A. Cox, Eulogio Garcia, Lori L. Grines, William W. O'Neill, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)