tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Breast Cancer Wars
Authors: Ann C. Klassen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 March 2002The Breast Cancer WarsAnn C. Klassen, PhDAnn C. Klassen, PhDJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. (Klassen)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-5-200203050-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Lerner BH. 400 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2001. $30.00. ISBN 0195142616. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: Medical history, public health, and oncology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Oncologists, oncologic surgeons, cancer control scientists, and readers interested in the social history of medical and public health trends.Purpose: To review the history of breast cancer treatment and control in the United States over the past century, with focus on tensions between medical, policymaking, and public perspectives on cancer control strategies.Content: The 13 chapters proceed in chronologic order, beginning with a detailed history of the development and widespread adoption ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. (Klassen) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 March 2002Volume 136, Issue 5Page: 420KeywordsBreast cancerCancer treatmentMedical risk factorsMortalityOral contraceptive therapyPatient advocacyPrevention, policy, and public healthScientistsSoftware toolsSurgeons ePublished: 5 March 2002 Issue Published: 5 March 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bacterial Endocarditis and Prosthetic Valves
Authors: JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Bacterial Endocarditis and Prosthetic ValvesA MONG the major challenges to the physician and surgeon managing patients with valvular heart disease by the use of prosthetic valves is the possibility of postoperative bacterial endocarditis.Such infections occur in relation to the seat of the prosthesis and may occur either in early or late postoperative states.The challenges include both the phases of prevention and treatment.In the area of prevention, one problem is that prophylactic antibiotic therapy does not necessarily prevent the occurrence of infection.1 2 One reason is that among the organisms involved certain are resistant to the effects of the common prophylactic antibiotic programs employed.The organisms that have proved particularly troublesome are those in the category of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus3 and various gram-negative organisms.4Another reason is that organisms which are sensitive to the prophylactic antibiotics may survive at the opera- tive site.Assuming that one may come up with an antibiotic program appropriate to deal both with sensitive and resistant organisms, the evidence suggests that it is difficult to obtain sufficiently high concentrations of antibotics for destruction of organisms in relation to sutures and in the tissues bordering on the seat of the prosthesis.These difficulties underlie an escape phenomenon in which organisms inadvertently inserted at operation lie dormant during the early postoperative period and later, weeks or months postoperatively, bloom so as to cause an evident and significant infection.2 4 Assuming that certain late infections in relation to prosthetic valves represent infection some time after the operation, one must be aware of the various portals of entry of organisms to which the patient is subject.-6Respiratory or dental infections and infections relating to inserted intravenous needles or catheters are sources of bacterial endocarditis.
The reeler gene-associated antigen on cajal-retzius neurons is a crucial molecule for laminar organization of cortical neurons
Authors: Masaharu Ogawa, Takaki Miyata, Kazunori Nakajimat, Kenichi Yagyu, Masahiro Seike, Kazuhiro Ikenaka, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Katsuhiko Mikoshibat
Journal: Neuron (1995)
Primary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Leslie L. Bronner, Daniel S. Kanter, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, after coronary heart disease and cancer. There are approximately 500,000 cases of stroke each year; of these, 150,000 are fatal.1 Many survivors are left with mental and physical impairment and require assistance with activities of daily living. Twenty-eight percent of patients with stroke are under 65 years of age, and women account for 40 percent of the new cases.2 Blacks in the United States have a rate of mortality due to stroke roughly twice that of whites.3 There are over 3 million patients with stroke alive in the . . .
The lottery of hospital admission
Authors: G T Cubitt
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A few weeks after the publication of an article written by my predecessor on the complications of shunts in adults with spina bifida (BMJ 1995;311:286-7) a young woman with spina bifida and hydrocephalus presented with typical symptoms of raised intercranial pressure, prostration, vomiting, frontal headache, and suffused optic discs. She lives at a college for disabled young people in north Hampshire where I am now the medical officer.

I decided that a blocked valve was a likely diagnosis. I rang my helpful paediatric surgical colleague at Hospital A and after winkling him out from an outpatient session, got him to agree that the patient needed urgent assessment and admission. But he had no beds and anyway she was above the age limit for his unit. He suggested that I should contact his adult neurosurgical colleagues. Shortly afterwards I spoke to a harassed sounding registrar who told me that six of the eight neurosurgery registrars were on a course and he was struggling in the clinic; but he said that he would try to find a bed for my patient as soon as possible. Two …
Towards primary care groups The development of local healthcare cooperatives in Scotland
Authors: J. Hopton, D. Heaney
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the third of four articles showing how primary care groups have been set up in various areas in Britain

The plan for the NHS in Scotland mapped out in the white paper Designed to Care 1 shares common values and goals with the plans for England and Wales. The organisational structures proposed to underpin Scotland's strategy for the health service (box) are, however, substantively different from those proposed for England and Wales.

Primary care trusts are new statutory organisations scheduled to go live in April 1999. Participation in local healthcare cooperatives (LHCCs) is voluntary. Designed to Care specified that primary care trusts will be funded by health boards and will include community health services, all mental health services, services for people with disabilities, and continuing care of elderly people as well primary care services based in general practice. There will no longer be commissioning in Scotland. Service development will be based on collaborative strategic planning between trusts and health boards.

The abandonment of commissioning has left continuing uncertainty about general practitioners' public health and strategic roles. Designed to Care recommended, but did not insist, that general practitioners should form new bodies called local healthcare cooperatives but gave no detailed vision of cooperatives' role, function, or structure. Until recently the Scottish Office has deliberately kept central guidance to the minimum on the grounds that there should be opportunity to allow diversity in response to local circumstances; that collaborative working among general practitioner practices is at different stages of evolution in different parts of the country; and that it was inappropriate for detailed decisions on local structures to be taken until the primary care trusts could be involved. Recent planning guidance concentrated on the role of primary care trusts, but offered a vision for local healthcare cooperatives as “clinically led …
Medical records. II: A4 folders--a step into the present.
Authors: J J Cormack
Journal: BMJ (1981)

I can recall quite clearly the incidents that triggered my convic? tion that major reform was needed in the conventional system of recording in general practice using medical record envelopes. It was in 1967 when 1 saw in rapid succession three patients with complex histories, bulging envelopes, and difficult current problem?; all were long-time residents in the district, all thought that I should know something about them, and with all of them I felt embarrassed and inefficient as I tried to disentangle jumbled sheafs of hospital letters and reports and wads of
Discrimination against doctors with HIV must end
Authors: R. Ma
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The English Department of Health has consulted on its proposals to change the management of healthcare workers who are infected with HIV. It recommends relaxing the restriction on such workers performing “exposure prone procedures,” provided that they are taking combination antiretroviral therapy, they are regularly reviewed by HIV and occupational health doctors, and their plasma viral load is consistently suppressed to undetectable levels.

This recommendation follows the initial suggestion by the health departments’ expert advisory group on AIDS (EAGA) in 2007 that restrictions on dentists with HIV be reviewed. A working group that included EAGA, the Health Protection Agency’s advisory panel for healthcare workers infected with bloodborne viruses, and the health departments’ advisory group on hepatitis was established to review national guidance on the management of healthcare workers infected with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.

The UK has one of the strictest regulations governing HIV infected healthcare workers in the world; only Australia, Ireland, Italy, and Malta take a similar stance. The proposed change allows healthcare workers to perform all …
Hypoxia in bronchial asthma.
Authors: J. A. Waddell, P. A. Emerson, R. F. Gunstone
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Bronchodilator Response-SaundersThe " within-patient " variance for P.I.F.R. was greater than that for P.EF.R. over most ranges, but was not excessive.Change in P.E.F.R. was significantly correlated with change in F.E.V.1, but not with change in F.V.C. Change in P.I.F.R. was significantly correlated with change in F.V
Alpha-Fetoprotein in a Patient with Gastric Carcinoma Metastatic to the Liver
Authors: Elliot Alpert, Vivian W. Pinn, Kurt J. Isselbacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

ALPHA-fetoprotein (AFP) is detectable in the serums of most patients with hepatoma and not in those of normal adults or adult patients with a variety of liver and neoplastic diseases. The presence ...
Alcohol Interventions in Trauma Centers
Authors: Larry M. Gentilello
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Nearly half of all trauma beds are occupied by patients who were injured while under the influence of alcohol. Alcoholism plays such a significant role in trauma that efforts to reduce injury recurrence are unlikely to be successful if it remains untreated. An injury requiring hospitalization creates a unique opportunity to intervene and to motivate patients to alter their drinking behavior, thereby making trauma centers ideal sites to implement an alcohol screening, intervention, and referral program. However, despite emphasis on injury control and prevention, little has been done to incorporate alcohol intervention programs into care of the injured patient. Effective means of intervention exist that are consistent with the time, financial, and staffing constraints of trauma centers, and they should be implemented.
Deficiency of Lipoprotein Lipase in Neurons Modifies the Regulation of Energy Balance and Leads to Obesity
Authors: Hong Wang, Giuseppe Astarita, Matthew D. Taussig, Kalyani G. Bharadwaj, Nicholas V. DiPatrizio, Klaus-Armin Nave, Daniele Piomelli, Ira J. Goldberg, Robert H. Eckel
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Problems of Salmonella Food-poisoning
Authors: W. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Tables I, II, and III are compiled from the annual reports on food-poisoning contained in the Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service.Large as are the figures, they undoubtedly are not a complete record of all cases of food-poisoning.Three important facts stand out from these tables: (1) the steady increase in the num- ber of recorded cases of food-poisoning; (2) the over- whelming proportion of cases which are ascertained to be due to salmonellae; and (3) the very high proportion of "sporadic" cases.It is obvious that the most important problem in food-poisoning is salmonella outbreaks, and their elimination, or at least material reduc- tion, would reduce food-poisoning to manageable limits.For this reason this paper is limited to this group.TABLE I.-Food-poisoning OutbreaksNote.-All cases, single or multiple, are called incidents, and these are classified into three groups: " Outbreak," two or more related cases in persons in different families; " Family outbreak," two or more related cases in members of the same family; and " Sporadic case," a case which was not, so far as could be ascertained.related to other cases.TABLE II.
Crosstalk between Nitric Oxide and Zinc Pathways to Neuronal Cell Death Involving Mitochondrial Dysfunction and p38-Activated K+ Channels
Authors: Ella Bossy-Wetzel, Maria V Talantova, Wilson D Lee, Marion N Schölzke, Anne Harrop, Emily Mathews, Thomas Götz, Jiahuai Han, Mark H Ellisman, Guy A Perkins, Stuart A Lipton
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Genome‐wide association studies and the genetic dissection of complex traits
Authors: Paola Sebastiani, Nadia Timofeev, Daniel A. Dworkis, Thomas T. Perls, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

The availability of affordable high throughput technology for parallel genotyping has opened the field of genetics to genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and in the last few years hundreds of articles reporting results of GWAS for a variety of heritable traits have been published. What do these results tell us? Although GWAS have discovered a few hundred reproducible associations, this number is underwhelming in relation to the huge amount of data produced, and challenges the conjecture that common variants may be the genetic causes of common diseases. We argue that the massive amount of genetic data that result from these studies remains largely unexplored and unexploited because of the challenge of mining and modeling enormous data sets, the difficulty of using nontraditional computational techniques and the focus of accepted statistical analyses on controlling the false positive rate rather than limiting the false negative rate. In this article, we will review the common approach to analysis of GWAS data and then discuss options to learn more from these data. We will use examples from our ongoing studies of sickle cell anemia and also GWAS in multigenic traits.
Neonatal Cytokine Profile in the Airway Mucosal Lining Fluid Is Skewed by Maternal Atopy
Authors: Nilofar V. Følsgaard, Bo L. Chawes, Morten A. Rasmussen, Anne L. Bischoff, Charlotte G. Carson, Jakob Stokholm, Louise Pedersen, Trevor T. Hansel, Klaus Bønnelykke, Susanne Brix, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<MethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
DIFFERENTIATION OF GLOMERULAR AND NON-GLOMERULAR HAEMATURIA
Authors: M.P. Decaestecker, P.E. Gower, C.L. Hall, GyS. Reusz, T. Tulassay, M. Miltényi, Serge Cournoyer, Mireille Mathieu, Serge Quérin, P.J. Green
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
TCT-308 Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Everolimus Eluting Stent Implantation Resolves The Disadvantage Of Thin-Strut Cobalt Chromium Platform In Diabetes; Comparison Of Three Different Type Platform Stents
Authors: Hachidai Takahashi, Shinichiro Yamada, Takatoshi Hayashi, Yoshinori Yasaka, Akira Shimane, Seiichi Kobayashi, Tomofumi Takaya, Naoki Miyoshi, Kiminobu Yokoi, Shogo Oishi, Takayoshi Toba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION CAUSING SUDDEN DEATH OF A PATIENT WITH DISEASE OF THE LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
Authors: Ivan Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In recent months there have been several articles published dealing with various phases of the terminal cardiac mechanism in patients suffering from disease of the coronary arteries. The presumption is that sudden, unexpected death both of patients with angina pectoris and of those with coronary occlusion is generally due to fibrillation of the ventricles. There is evidence, however, that in at least some such cases the terminal cardiac mechanism is ventricular standstill due to overwhelming, sudden stimulation of the vagus resulting in paralysis of the pacemaker. There have been but very few electrocardiograms recorded at the time of sudden death of patients with these conditions. Therefore but little direct evidence is available as to the exact terminal cardiac mechanism. In a review of the literature on this subject in 1939, Smith<sup>1</sup>found 4 published instances of electrocardiograms showing ventricular fibrillations causing sudden, unexpected death. To the list he added
PiggyBac Transposon-based Inducible Gene Expression In Vivo After Somatic Cell Gene Transfer
Authors: Sai K Saridey, Li Liu, Joseph E Doherty, Aparna Kaja, Daniel L Galvan, Bradley S Fletcher, Matthew H Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Somatic cell gene transfer has permitted inducible gene expression in vivo through coinfection of multiple viruses. We hypothesized that the highly efficient plasmid-based piggyBac transposon system would enable long-term inducible gene expression in mice in vivo. We used a multiple-transposon delivery strategy to create a tetracycline-inducible expression system in vitro in human cells by delivering the two genes on separate transposons for inducible reporter gene expression along with a separate selectable transposon marker. Evaluation of stable cell lines revealed 100% of selected clones exhibited inducible expression via stable expression from three separate transposons simultaneously. We next tested and found that piggyBac-mediated gene transfer to liver or lung could achieve stable reporter gene expression in mice in vivo in either immunocompetent or immune deficient animals. A single injection of piggyBac transposons could achieve long-term inducible gene expression in the livers of mice in vivo, confirming our multiple-transposon strategy used in cultured cells. The plasmid-based piggyBac transposon system enables constitutive or inducible gene expression in vivo for potential therapeutic and biological applications without using viral vectors.
Doppler characterization of left ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Liv K. Hatle, Darryl J. Burstow, James B. Seward, Robert A. Kyle, Kent R. Bailey, Thomas F. Luscher, Morie A. Gertz, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Unsafe abortions cause 20 000 deaths a year in Nigeria
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Society of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians of Nigeria estimates that about 20 000 Nigerian women die from unsafe abortions each year.

The figure comes from studies carried out by the society and Nigeria's Ministry of Health. The estimate also tallies with the result of a nationwide survey conducted by Friday Okonofua, dean of the School of Medicine at the University of Benin and executive director of the Women's Health and Action Research Centre in Nigeria. …
75 In vivo selection of primary and bone-marrowderived hepatocytes after allogeneic transplantation in mice
Authors: K.L. Streetz, R. Doyonnas, D. Jenkins, S. Perryman, S. Fuess, S. Lin, J. Shizuru, H. Blau, C. Trautwein, K. Sylvester, M.A. Kay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Correction: Drug Treatment of Asthma
Authors: PAUL P. VANARSDEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Correction: Drug Treatment of AsthmaPAUL P. VANARSDEL JR., M.D.PAUL P. VANARSDEL JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-638_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to make a correction in our paper in the July 1977 issue, "Drug Therapy in the Management of Asthma" (Ann Intern Med87:68-74, 1977). In the paragraph on inhaled glucosteroids (p. 72) we stated that lipid-soluble steroids are poorly absorbed when swallowed. It is true that they do not reach the systemic circulation to a notable degree. However, the probable mechanism is that the sparingly soluble steroid is slowly absorbed, which allows the liver to convert most of the drug to pharmacologically inactive polar metabolites. This is supported for beclomethasone by the work of Martin,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL P. VANARSDELJR., M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine (RM-13) University Hospital Seattle, WA 98195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySuperficial basal cell carcinoma on the lower extremity. Report of a case and statistical analysis of basal cell carcinoma occurring on the extremities. 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5 Page: 638-638 Keywords Asthma Drug therapy Drugs Liver Metabolites Steroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Problem of the Detection of Pancreatitis
Authors: Earl E. Gambill
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DIAGNOSIS OF PANCREATITIS can be and often is difficult. It is becoming universally appreciated that this disease may present a picture varying anywhere from multiple complications without prior pain through intermittent or chronic nonspecific epigastric discomfort and dyspepsia, and from frequent, prolonged attacks of agonizing pain to chronic disabling pain with or without one or multiple complications.  In pancreatitis, as in all diseases, it is easy for one's thinking to be dominated by the so-called typical or classical picture since this is the one most commonly described in textbooks, it is the easiest to diagnose because the criteria for diagnosis often require the presence of the more severe manifestations and the obvious complications. Certainly it is generally easy to think of the correct diagnosis under these circumstances and to miss the diagnosis when the manifestations are mild, atypical, unfamiliar, and often not described in medical textbooks.  Pancreatitis, or pancreopathy, should
Imaging of Regional Spread of Breast Cancer by Internal Mammary Lymphoscintigraphy, CT, and MRI
Authors: H. TURGUT TUROGLU, NORA A. JANJAN, M. KRISTIN THORSEN, KATHERINE A. SHAFFER, PAUL S. RITCH, RICHARD M. HANSEN, ALONZO P. WALKER, MUKUND GAI, B. DAVID COLLIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Forty women with breast cancer underwent imaging by internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IMLS), which was correlated with the results of CT and MRI of the chest. IMLS was performed and interpreted using the previously described methods of Ege. It identified 22 instances of ipsilateral internal mammary nodal involvement, none of which corresponded to cases of abnormally enlarged (diameter greater than 1.0 cm) internal mammary nodes on CT and/or MRI. Positive IMLS was associated with axillary nodal metastases in 15 out of 22 instances. The authors conclude that IMLS provides information on regional nodal spread of breast cancer that is not available with either CT/MRI imaging or axillary biopsy.