tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“Pseudoinfarction” Pattern Due to Hyperkalemia
Authors: Kyuhyun Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 38-year-old man presented to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. The patient had type 1 diabetes mellitus and was being treated with insulin. He was also taking lisinopril for the treatment of hypertension. The initial electrocardiogram (Panel A) revealed sinus tachycardia and ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V3 — findings highly suggestive of acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Peaked T waves were noted in leads II, III, aVF, and V3 to V6. The serum glucose concentration was 839 mg per deciliter (46.6 mmol per liter), the arterial blood pH was 7.21, . . .
Human breathing and eye blink rate responses to airborne chemicals.
Authors: J C Walker, M Kendal-Reed, M J Utell, W S Cain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Increased levels of air pollution have been linked with morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms linking physiologic responses to quality of life and productivity issues remain largely unknown. Individuals often report irritation of the nose and/or eyes upon exposures to environmental contaminants. Evaluation of these self-reports would be greatly aided by the development of valid physiological markers. Chamber studies (unencumbered exposures) of nonsmoker responses to environmental tobacco smoke offer two candidate end points: (a) Tidal volume increases and breathing frequency declines with stimuli that elicit only moderate irritation. (b) Eye blink rate increases only with a concentration sufficiently high to cause progressive worsening of eye irritation with prolonged exposure. Experiments with very brief nasal-only presentations also suggest the value of breathing changes as sensitive markers of irritation: (a) Tidal volume is inversely related to perceived nasal irritation (NI) intensity in both normal and anosmic (lacking olfactory input) individuals, although normals exhibit greater NI sensitivity. (b) Inhalation duration, in both groups, declines only with trigeminal activation sufficient to cause readily perceptible NI in anosmics. Changes in eye blink rate and breathing may be useful in the investigation of irritation and other effects of air pollution, and could be quite useful in investigations of mixtures of volatile organic compounds.
Abstract 1063: Inverse hormesis of cancer growth mediated by narrow ranges of tumor-directed antibodies
Authors: Oliver M.T. Pearce, Heinz Läubli, Andrea Verhagen, Patrick Secrest, Jiquan Zhang, Paul R. Crocker, Nissi Varki, Jack Bui, Ajit Varki
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Compelling evidence for naturally occurring immunosurveillance against malignancies informs and justifies some current approaches towards cancer immunotherapy. However, some types of immune reactions have also been shown to facilitate tumor progression. For example, our previous studies showed that experimental tumor growth in mice can be enhanced by low levels of circulating antibodies directed against the non-human sialic acid N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc, which accumulates in human tumors from dietary sources). However, tumor growth could instead be inhibited by anti-Neu5Gc antibodies from a different source, in a different model. Thus, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies appeared to be showing differential effects on tumor growth. However it remains generally unclear whether the immune responses that mediate cancer immunosurveillance versus those responsible for inflammatory facilitation are qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinct. Here, we address this question using multiple murine tumor growth models in which polyclonal antibodies against tumor antigens such as Neu5Gc can alter tumor progression. We found that while growth was stimulated at low antibody doses it was inhibited by high doses, over a linear and remarkably narrow range, defining an immune response curve (IRC), i.e., inverse hormesis. Moreover, modulation of immune responses against the tumor by altering antibody avidity or by enhancing innate immunity shifted the IRC in the appropriate direction. Thus, the dualistic role of immunosurveillance versus inflammation in modulating tumor progression can be quantitatively distinguished in multiple model systems, and can occur over a remarkably narrow range. We also reproduced the biphasic IRC in a model using the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Furthermore, depletion of macrophages abrogated the growth promotion at low antibody concentrations and depletion of NK cells reduced growth inhibition at high antibody concentrations. These findings may have implications for the etiology and prevention of cancer, and for immunotherapeutic approaches utilizing antibodies. Citation Format: Oliver M.T. Pearce, Heinz Läubli, Andrea Verhagen, Patrick Secrest, Jiquan Zhang, Paul R. Crocker, Nissi Varki, Jack Bui, Ajit Varki. Inverse hormesis of cancer growth mediated by narrow ranges of tumor-directed antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1063
Evolution of benign rheumatoid nodules into rheumatoid arthritis after 50 years
Authors: A. Olive, J. Maymo, J. Lloreta, J. Corominas, J. Carbonell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

AbstractA patient with benign rheumatoid nodules who developed rheumatoid arthritis after 50 years is described.
Dysregulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling associated with impaired B-cell receptor endocytosis in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Marcella Visentini, Ramona Marrapodi, Valentina Conti, Milica Mitrevski, Alessandro Camponeschi, Cristina Lazzeri, Maurizio Carbonari, Angela Catizone, Isabella Quinti, Massimo Fiorilli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Delivery of Proteases in Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Enables Direct Purification of Stem Cell Colonies from Feeder Cell Co‐Cultures for Differentiation into Functional Cardiomyocytes
Authors: John P. Frampton, Huilin Shi, Albert Kao, Jack M. Parent, Shuichi Takayama
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Patterning of bioactive enzymes with subcellular resolution is achieved by dispensing droplets of dextran (DEX) onto polyethylene glycol (PEG)-covered cells though a glass capillary needle connected to a pneumatic pump. This technique is applied to purify colonies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cultures and inefficiently induced iPSC colonies by selectively dissociating the iPSCs with proteases.
EXPERIMENTAL GLOBULIN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN RABBITS
Authors: Douglas Waugh, Robert H. More
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Diffuse glomerulonephritis was induced in unilaterally nephrectomized albino rabbits by giving them two massive intravenous injections of purified bovine serum gamma globulin. Morphologically, these renal lesions were similar to those of human acute and subacute glomenilonephritis. Globulin nephritis in rabbits also closely resembles experimental nephritis induced by injection of other foreign proteins. The course of this experimental disease was characterized by abrupt onset of proteinuria, hematuria, elevation of serum globulin, and reduction of albumin. Uremia developed in some animals. The manifestations of nephritis during life coincided with the development of demonstrable antibodies to the injected globulin. In view of the similarities between experimental globulin nephritis in rabbits and human nephritis, together with common features with other experimental nephritis, it is suggested that all may have a common pathogenetic mechanism. It is concluded that quantitative antibody response may be of greater importance in the pathogenesis of nephritis than antigen specificity.
Action potential duration alternans in dog Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers. Further evidence in support of two different mechanisms.
Authors: H Saitoh, J C Bailey, B Surawicz
Journal: Circulation (1989)

An abrupt shortening of cycle length causes action potential duration (APD) alternation in both canine Purkinje (P) and ventricular (V) muscle fibers. Our recent study suggested that APD alternans is determined by the process controlling APD during electrical restitution in P but not in V fibers. In the latter, alternans was attributed to changes in the availability of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. We examined this hypothesis further with the following pharmacologic probes known to alter restitution or action of [Ca2+]i: tetradotoxin (0.5-3.0 microM), lidocaine HCl (2.0-12.0 micrograms/ml), sotalol (10 microM), nicorandil (10-20 microM), 4-amino-pyridine (0.5 microM), ryanodine (10 microM), caffeine (2 mM), and ARL 115 BS (100 microM). Alternans in P fibers persisted under all studied conditions but varied in magnitude depending on the time constant and amplitude of restitution. In V fibers, the magnitude of alternans did not correlate with APD changes during restitution, and APD alternans was associated with the alternans of action potential shape and alternans of developed tension. Alternans in V was suppressed by caffeine at 2.0 mM [Ca2+]o when tension was increased and by ryanodine at 1.0 mM [Ca2+]o when tension was decreased. Alternans in V was not altered by changes in [Ca2+]o within the range of 1.0-4.0 mM; by ARL 115 BS, a compound that increases myofibrillar sensitivity to calcium; or by any other pharmacologic probes. We concluded that in P fibers, APD alternans was determined by the factors controlling APD in the absence of alternans; V fibers posses an independent mechanism of alternans linked to alternans of tension and controlled by [Ca2+]i; in V fibers, alternans could be suppressed by both positive and negative inotropic interventions; and calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the V alternans.
Sweetened drinks increase women's chances of having diabetes
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes among women who drank one or more cans of sugar sweetened soft drinks a day over several years is 1.83 times (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 2.36; P<0.001 for the trend) the risk among women who drank less than one a month, a new study shows ( JAMA 2004;292:927-34).

Consumption in the United States of soft drinks—the leading source of sugars in the country's diet—increased by 61% among adults from 1977 to 1997 and more than doubled in children and adolescents between the periods 1977-8 and 1994-8.

Women with stable patterns of consumption of soft drinks showed …
Smoking, carbon monoxide, and atherosclerotic diseases.
Authors: M Heliovaara, M J Karvonen, R Vilhunen, S Punsar
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Smoking habits and random measurements of the proportion of haemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide (COHb%) were examined for their association with atherosclerotic diseases in 1068 men aged 55 to 74 years from rural areas of Finland. COHb% and smoking history were similarly associated with claudication and coronary heart disease. Random measurements of COHb% did not show a better overall relation to the prevalence of atherosclerotic diseases than smoking history, though COHb% showed a stronger association with a probable previous myocardial infarction. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of carbon monoxide in atherosclerosis.
Dairy Consumption, Obesity, and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Young Adults
Authors: Mark A. Pereira, David R. Jacobs, Jr, Linda Van Horn, Martha L. Slattery, Alex I. Kartashov, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), including obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes and heart disease.Although diet has been postulated to influence IRS, the independent effects of dairy consumption on development of this syndrome have not been investigated. ObjectiveTo examine associations between dairy intake and incidence of IRS, adjusting for confounding lifestyle and dietary factors. DesignThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based prospective study. Setting and ParticipantsGeneral community sample from 4 US metropolitan areas of 3157 black and white adults aged 18 to 30 years who were followed up from 1985-1986 to 1995-1996.Main Outcome Measure Ten-year cumulative incidence of IRS and its association with dairy consumption, measured by diet history interview. ResultsDairy consumption was inversely associated with the incidence of all IRS components among individuals who were overweight (body mass index Ն25 kg/m 2 ) at baseline but not among leaner individuals (body mass index Ͻ25 kg/m 2 ).The adjusted odds of developing IRS (2 or more components) were 72% lower (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.58)among overweight individuals in the highest (Ն35 times per week, 24/102 individuals) compared with the lowest (Ͻ10 times per week, 85/190 individuals) category of dairy consumption.Each daily occasion of dairy consumption was associated with a 21% lower odds of IRS (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.88).These associations were similar for blacks and whites and for men and women.Other dietary factors, including macronutrients and micronutrients, did not explain the association between dairy intake and IRS.Conclusions Dietary patterns characterized by increased dairy consumption have a strong inverse association with IRS among overweight adults and may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Voting in GMC election
Authors: A M Wood
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - A G Hamilton's article relating to the recent elections for the General Medical Council1 echoed many of the thoughts I had had as I ploughed through the vast list of candidates. Agism, sexism, and photogenicity were the main factors in reducing the number of candidates to the required 20. Subsequently putting these 20 candidates in any sensible …
Points: The elusive orthopaedic senior house officer
Authors: J K Anand
Journal: BMJ (1987)

suggest that they are at high risk of developing leptospirosis, the remarkably low incidence of the disease in such communes argues to the contrary.The clustering of so many cases in the commune, the finding of only a moderate rise in the tempera- ture at the centre of a meatball cooked on a hot plate,2 and the very peculiar interaction of the index case with the commune strongly suggested that food was the common source.
Human rights group condemns UN in Rwanda
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors, schoolteachers, and priests were directly involved in carrying out massacres in Rwanda, says the first substantive report on the killings, published last week by a respected human rights organisation. The 422 page report, by African Rights, contains interviews with eye witnesses of the genocide that took place during April and May this year (see personal view on p963).

African Rights documents how, after President Juvenal Habyarimana was assassinated on 6 April, hundreds of thousands of Tutsis were murdered by their Hutu neighbours. The report states that, far from being a sudden act of tribal violence, the genocide was orchestrated by the government and ignored by the international community. The United Nations, it says, failed to take a “moral lead” in stopping the killing.

Most people were killed in massacres that took place in hospitals, schools, and churches across the country. Their killers used hand grenades, guns, machetes, and masus (big clubs studded with nails). In almost every massacre investigated by African Rights, survivors told of militia returning the next morning to …
Overheads for clinical research.
Authors: J. P. Griffin, F. O. Wells, J. D. Swales, K. B. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the final choice of treatment.In a recent survey on upwards, by Gleeson's chosen classification of deserved a mention in Rubens and colleagues' the mnageent flarngea caner inthe nite stag) ca be ured2 Not only is this clearly brief discussion of the treatment of myeloma, in Kingdom and Ontario, Canada, Gaze etal afound contrary to his statement that "Others present with preference to trials of high dose chemotherapy that 84% of otolaryngologists and 96% of clinical advanced disease, and for these unlucky patients with bone marrow transplantation, which are at oncologists would recommend primary radio-total laryngectomy provides the only hope of long present too small or in which long term follow up is therapy for T3,N0,M0 laryngeal cancer.'~termsurvival" but analysis of "salvage" surgeryinsufficient to determine outcome.MultipleThe recent advances in stomal valves and speech that is, total laryngectomy after failure of non-myeloma is perhaps an example of a cancer for buttons are excellent news for patients in whom surgical treatment -has confirmed that avoiding which achieving an accurate consensus view of laryngectomy is inevitable, but we should still early surgery does not seem to prejudice overall optimal management from published reports strive to allow as many patients as possible to retain survival (H R Grant et al, 5th European conference required more detailed and wider consultation their larynges with good speech function.on clinical oncology, London, September 1989).than was undertaken.
The Mechanism of "Conversion"
Authors: W. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (1951)

We talked of preaching and of the great success that the Methodists have.He [Johnson] said that was owing to their preaching in a plain, vulgar manner, which was the only way to do good to com- mon people. . . .He said that talking of drunken- ness as a crime, because it debases reason, the noblest faculty of man, would do no service to the vulgar.But to tell them
Prevalence of HIV and injecting drug use in men entering Liverpool prison
Authors: M. A Bellis, A. R Weild, N. J Beeching, K. J Mutton, Q. Syed
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Studies in countries other than England and Wales suggest that a comparatively high proportion of people entering prison have a history of injecting drug use before imprisonment and that drug use does not always stop once people are incarcerated.1 Consequently the sharing of injecting equipment by drug users in a Scottish prison led to the infection of at least 13 inmates with HIV.2 Currently, little information is available on the number of drug users entering prisons in England and Wales, their HIV prevalence, or their levels of injecting drug use once incarcerated. Therefore, discussion about the potential for injecting related HIV transmission within these prisons often requires extrapolation from data gathered in other countries.3 To examine the potential role of English prisons in drug related transmission of HIV and other bloodborne viruses we …
Arthrography of the knee.
Authors: D J Stoker
Journal: BMJ (1977)

while all five significant increases concern summer months.When the same calculation is made for 1975 there are two further significant results: an excess in March and a deficit in December.So December 1975 did have a significant drop in admissions (Z2= 4-41; DF=1; P <0 05) but then so did December 1974 ( /2 =5.05; DF=1; P<0 025).To my knowledge there was no industrial action in 1974.My letter could have ended here.However, in order to minimise the effect of seasonal variation a calculation of monthly figures based on three-month totals was made.The result (see table ) shows that when the crucial month is compared with the preceding and the following month the statistically significant drop obtained earlier disappears (Z2=2 56; DF= 1; P>0 10).On this evidence Dr Jones's claim that the junior doctors' industrial action caused a drop in self-poisoning has to be rejected.Observed (0) and Expected (E) numbers of admission for self-poisoning in three Sheffield Hospitals.(Expected numbers based on yearly three-month totals)
Statistically designed enzymatic hydrolysis of an icariin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex optimized for production of icaritin
Authors: Xin Jin, Zhenhai Zhang, E. Sun, Songlin Li, Xiaobin Jia
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

This study focuses on the preparation and enzymic hydrolysis of an icariin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex to efficiently generate icaritin. The physical characteristics of the inclusion complex were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized for the conversion of icariin/β-cyclodextrin complex to icaritin by Box–Behnken statistical design. The inclusion complex formulation increased the solubility of icariin approximately 17-fold, from 29.2 to 513.5 μg/mL at 60 °C. The optimum conditions were predicted by Box–Behnken statistical design as follows: 60 °C, pH 7.0, the ratio of enzyme/substrate (1:1.1) and reaction time 7 h. Under the optimal conditions the conversion of icariin was 97.91% and the reaction time was decreased by 68% compared with that without β-CD inclusion. Product analysis by melting point, ESI-MS, UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR confirmed the authenticity of icaritin with a purity of 99.3% and a yield of 473 mg of icaritin from 1.1 g icariin.
Group is set up to look at seven day working in the NHS
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors working in the NHS in England will be required to work across seven days a week, under new plans tabled by the NHS Commissioning Board.

Hospital consultants and GPs face having their hours reorganised to give patients the same level of service at weekends as they receive during the week, to bring the health service in line with other sectors.

The proposals, included in the board’s first planning guidance for 2013-14,1 will initially focus on improving access to diagnostics and urgent and emergency care but could extend to surgery in the future. General practices will be expected to extend their opening hours to weekends as part of the drive.

The BMA warned that the plans, which may require doctors’ contracts to be rewritten to …
Chronic Sequelae of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Demonstrated on Interictal F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ka Kit Wong, Bharat Tolia, Nicolaas Bohnen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a case of severe unilateral temporal lobe hypometabolism depicted on interictal FDG-PET/CT in a 56-year-old man presenting with cognitive-behavioral problems, affective disorder, receptive aphasia, and complex partial seizures. The seizures had been treated with gabapentin and phenytoin for 18 years. The extent and severity of hypometabolism were significantly greater than typically seen in patients with idiopathic temporal lobe epilepsy. The combination of electroencephalography, left temporal lobe encephalomalacia depicted on serial MRI, and the interictal FDG-PET findings implicated the temporal lobe as the site of seizure origin. Further clinical history disclosed a diagnosis of remote herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) infection more than 24 years earlier confirmed by laboratory testing. The patient had been treated with antiviral therapy with full immediate neurologic recovery. Brain SPECT imaging has been previously reported in the literature to demonstrate focally increased cortical perfusion in acute HSE, followed by hypoperfusion of the affected region, in the recovery phase (between 3 and 6 months). A previous report of the FDG-PET findings in HSE showed hippocampal hypermetabolism acutely, then hypometabolism at 3 and 9 months. Our case provides evidence that the metabolic sequelae of HSE can become persistent, despite antiviral treatment, likely the result of gliosis and atrophy.