tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Diabetes Mellitus in Wadena, Marshall, and Grand Rapids, Minnesota: The Three-City Study
Authors: A P Bender, J M Sprafka, H G Jagger, K H Muckala, C P Martin, T R Edwards
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in concert with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) conducted population-based studies of diabetes mellitus in three Minnesota communities. The use of hospital and clinic records alone for case ascertainment purposes would have missed 16% of studyeligible diabetic individuals. Thus, studies that use only hospital or clinic records may present a biased view of the natural history of diabetes. Physician-defined diabetes without additional diagnostic review yielded a prevalence of 1.6% (age standardized to the 1970 US Caucasian population). Diabetes incidence was 117 per 100,000 (age standardized to the same population). These results compare well with those of a Mayo Clinic population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, and indicate the utility of physiciandefined diabetes as an epidemiologic case definition. Despite differences in population size and structure as well as different medical care systems, diabetes incidence, prevalence, and mortality in these communities was remarkably similar.
Herpes Zoster and Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Authors: Allan K. Izumi
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Two cases of herpes zoster were associated with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The zosteroid eruption involved the sacral nerve distribution (S2-4) in both cases. Associated symptoms of constipation and massive bladder hemorrhage in one case and clinical recognition and conservative management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction association with herpes zoster are stressed.
Venereal Disease vs Bowen's Disease
Authors: Norman G. B. McLetchie
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Venereal Warts vs Bowen's Disease" by Lupulescu et al (237:2520, 1977), the authors come down strongly on the side of Bowen's disease. But what is Bowen's disease? Might it not be like the man looking at the leaves so closely and intently he did not know that he was looking at part of a tree, let alone that he was in Epping Forest. Most people with knowledge of the histopathology of viral infections of skin (hoof and mouth disease, fowl pox, small pox, warts of man) would opt for Bowen's disease being a viral infection. The fact that the electron microscopy does not demonstrate virus makes it all the more intriguing; the mystery has been with us ever since Shope investigated progression of the papilloma named after him. My conclusion is that the patients described (of 19, 22, 25, 27, and 33 years) have
Prognostic Significance of the 67-Kilodalton Laminin Receptor Expression in Human Breast Carcinomas
Authors: S. Martignone, S. Menard, R. Bufalino, N. Cascinelli, R. Pellegrini, E. Tagliabue, S. Andreola, F. Rilke, M. I. Colnaghi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : The 67-kd laminin receptor is a cell-surface protein that binds laminin with high affinity. In vitro studies suggest that this protein is involved in the progression of human tumors to invasive cancers (metastasis), but there have been few in vivo studies. Identification of such proteins would allow development of therapies aimed at interfering with their mechanisms of action. Purpose : This large retrospective study was designed to investigate the association of expression of this laminin receptor molecule with established prognostic factors and overall survival in breast carcinoma patients. Methods : We immunohistochemically stained archival paraffin-embedded sections of 1160 primary breast carcinomas, using an immunoperoxidase technique and the MLuC5 monoclonal antibody, which is specific for the 67-kd laminin receptor. Specimens were obtained from consecutive surgeries performed from January 1968 through December 1971. Patients with negative lymph nodes or involved regional nodes had been treated with surgery alone; those with positive axillary nodes had received surgery and radiotherapy. No chemotherapy had been administered until disease recurrence. The statistical analysis was carried out using the logrank method for the survival curves and the actuarial life table to calculate survival rates according to the different prognostic variables. Results : We found statistically significant associations between laminin receptor expression and young age ( P <.001), premenopausal status ( P =.001), positive axillary lymph nodes ( P =.01), peritumoral lymphatic invasion ( P =.02), and the diameter of the tumor ( P =.05). Moreover, the association of expression of the receptor protein with poor prognosis, as indicated by survival curves, was statistically significant ( P <.01). For patients with receptor-negative tumors, the survival rate was 50% at 20 years; for those with receptor-positive tumors, the survival rate was 50% at 13 years. Multivariate analysis showed the laminin receptor to be an independent prognostic factor ( P =.005), indicating its predictive value in relation to overall survival. Conclusions : Our data suggest that the 67-kd laminin receptor is associated with the metastatic process. Implications : These preliminary findings also suggest that hormones may have a regulatory role in the in vivo expression of the 67-kd laminin receptor, which supports the hypothesis that hormone therapy might inhibit expression of the receptor. Studies of expression of this receptor in tumors of patients with extremely different sex hormone levels (e.g., men and pregnant women) are in progress. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 398-402, 1993]
Adaptation for Horizontal Transfer in a Homing Endonuclease
Authors: Vassiliki Koufopanou, Matthew R. Goddard, Austin Burt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Selfish genes of no function other than self-propagation are susceptible to degeneration if they become fixed in a population, and regular transfer to new species may be the only means for their long-term persistence. To test this idea we surveyed 24 species of yeast for VDE, a nuclear, intein-associated homing endonuclease gene (HEG) originally discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phylogenetic analyses show that horizontal transmission has been a regular occurrence in its evolutionary history. Moreover, VDE appears to be specifically adapted for horizontal transmission. Its 31-bp recognition sequence is an unusually well-conserved region in an unusually well-conserved gene. In addition, the nine nucleotide sites most critical for homing are also unusually well conserved. Such adaptation for horizontal transmission presumably arose as a consequence of selection, both among HEGs at different locations in the genome and among variants at the same location. The frequency of horizontal transmission must therefore be a key feature constraining the distribution and abundance of these genes.
Fatal and Nonfatal Hepatotoxicity Associated with Flutamide
Authors: Diane K. Wysowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To identify and describe patients with hepatotoxicity possibly caused by flutamide, an antiandrogen drug. Design: Case series of reports, submitted to the Adverse Drug Event Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Setting: Outpatient clinics and physicians' offices in the United States. Patients: Nineteen patients treated with flutamide for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hypertrophy (for Investigation of a New Drug or off-label use). Measurements: Evidence of increased liver enzyme levels, hyperbilirubinemia, associated clinical symptoms, and diagnoses of cholestatic hepatitis. Autopsy reports were used when available. Results: From the time of marketing of flutamide in February 1989 through March 1991, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 19 patients in the United States who developed serious hepatotoxicity while using flutamide. Fourteen patients had resolution of abnormal liver function test results after discontinuing or decreasing the dose of flutamide, but five patients died of progressive liver disease. Autopsy reports from three patients and abnormal pathologic results from three other patients (reported to the Food and Drug Administration or in the medical literature) showed hepatocellular necrosis and possibly cholestasis. Thorough work-ups excluded other possible causes than flutamide. Conclusions: Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. Physicians should tell patients to immediately report to physicians nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and other signs and symptoms of liver injury.
Complementary hydropathy identifies a cellular prion protein receptor
Authors: Vilma R. Martins, Edgard Graner, José Garcia-Abreu, Sandro J. De Souza, Adriana F. Mercadante, Silvio S. Veiga, Silvio M. Zanata, Vivaldo Moura Neto, Ricardo R. Brentani
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
STUDIES ON BLOOD COAGULATION: THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF A PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME DERIVED FROM PLASMA 123
Authors: M. H. Kaplan, Henry J. Tagnon, Charles S. Davidson, F. H. L. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1942)

In the preceding paper ( 1 ) the preparation, by the action of chloroform on calcium and cell free plasma and subsequent precipitation of the globulins, of a globulin fraction having marked fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic properties was described.The present communication describes the chemical nature of these preparations.The preceding paper explains the activity of the chlo- roform plasma preparations on the basis of the presence, in them, of a proteolytic enzyme.The present communication offers evidence substantiating this assumption. METHODSBlood from the aorta of freshly stunned steers was collected in 20 per cent potassium oxalate solution.The final concentration of oxalate was 0.2 per cent.The plasma was removed by centrifuging.The plasma was then treated with chloroform.Chloroform plasma and its globulin derivatives were then prepared, as described in the preceding paper (1).Determinations of pH were made by a glass electrode, non-protein nitrogen estimations by micro Kjeldahl methods, and viscosity determinations by the Ostwald viscosimeter at 37.50 C.As substrates, fibrinogen, gelatin, and casein were used.Plasma was, in general, used as a source of fibrinogen and the lysis of precipitated fibrin followed by determina- tions of non-protein nitrogen at daily intervals.
David James Charley
Authors: S. Pearson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

David James Charley was born on the 3 October 1918. He was educated at Taunton School and St Thomas’ Hospital, where he began his medical training in 1937, qualifying in January 1942, initially with the conjoint qualification. A deeply religious man, he had registered as a conscientious objector in May 1939 but was allowed to continue with his medical studies. On qualification he reconsidered his position as by now the atrocities associated with Hitler’s Germany were becoming known, and after three months’ experience in orthopaedics and three months in …
Obituary Listing
Authors: Yeou-Cheng Ma
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Wenckebach Phenomenon: A Salute and Comment on the Centennial of Its Original Description
Authors: Charles B. Upshaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

In 1899, Karel F. Wenckebach unraveled the complicated arrhythmia that bears his name—one of the most famous eponyms in medicine. He reported his findings before the benefit of clinical electrocardiography or the discovery of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Born and educated in the Netherlands, Wenckebach first worked in Utrecht in the physiology laboratory of T.W. Engelmann, his respected mentor, where he became familiar with kymographic recordings and rhythm disturbances in frog experiments. He then entered country practice in 1891, where he gained great respect for practicing physicians as well as the importance of clinical experience. In 1896, he returned to Utrecht to work again in the laboratory with Engelmann. In 1898, a woman consulted Wenckebach about her irregular pulse. His investigation of her irregular heart action by using radial arterial pulse tracings and experimental atrial and ventricular pulse tracings from the heart of a frog enabled him to discover the mechanism of partial heart block. In later years, he continued to be a leader in academic medicine, chairing the departments of medicine in Groningen, Strasbourg, and Vienna. He achieved fame for investigating cardiac arrhythmias and other contributions and is considered to be one of the founders of modern cardiology. He is remembered for his insight into atrioventricular conduction, which is as valid today as it was a century ago.
3D-QSAR and docking studies of arylmethylamine-based DPP IV inhibitors
Authors: Chaoyi Jiang, Shuang Han, Tiegang Chen, Jianzhong Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

The present work was focused on the study of the three-dimensional (3D) structural requirements for the highly potent bioactivity of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV's inhibitor. At first, molecular dynamic and mechanic (MD/MM) simulations were performed to research the conformations of the potent DPP IV's inhibitor 5-(aminomethyl)-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)pyrimidin-4-amine. Using the MD/MM-determined molecular conformers as templates, the 3D quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies were carried out based on a set of arylmethylamine DPP IV inhibitors with the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) approach. The best 3D-QSAR model was constructed with good statistic values of rcv2 and R2 using PLS analyses (CoMFA: rcv2=0.660, R2=0.953). The generated 3D-QSAR model was proved to be reliable by internal and external validations. Docking studies were further performed to analyze the interaction mode between the highly potent or low potent arylmethylamine derivatives and DPP IV. Our flexible docking results also confirmed the possible bioactive conformation obtained from the 3D-QSAR model, of arylmethylamine-based DPP IV inhibitors. The 3D-QSAR model may provide information of pharmacophoric features for further design and optimization of new scaffold compounds with high inhibitory activity to DPP IV.
Stool DNA Testing to Screen for Colorectal Cancer in the Medicare Population
Authors: Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services considered whether to reimburse stool DNA testing for colorectal cancer screening among Medicare enrollees. Objective: To evaluate the conditions under which stool DNA testing could be cost-effective compared with the colorectal cancer screening tests currently reimbursed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Design: Comparative microsimulation modeling study using 2 independently developed models. Data Sources: Derived from literature. Target Population: A cohort of persons aged 65 years. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted, in which a cohort of persons aged 50 years was studied. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Third-party payer. Intervention: Stool DNA test every 3 or 5 years in comparison with currently recommended colorectal cancer screening strategies. Outcome Measures: Life expectancy, lifetime costs, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and threshold costs. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Assuming a cost of $350 per test, strategies of stool DNA testing every 3 or 5 years yielded fewer life-years and higher costs than the currently recommended colorectal cancer screening strategies. Screening with the stool DNA test would be cost-effective at a per-test cost of $40 to $60 for stool DNA testing every 3 years, depending on the simulation model used. There were no levels of sensitivity and specificity for which stool DNA testing would be cost-effective at its current cost of $350 per test. Stool DNA testing every 3 years would be cost-effective at a cost of $350 per test if the relative adherence to stool DNA testing were at least 50% better than that with other screening tests. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: None of the results changed substantially when a cohort of persons aged 50 years was considered. Limitation: No pathways other than the traditional adenoma–carcinoma sequence were modeled. Conclusion: Stool DNA testing could be a cost-effective alternative for colorectal cancer screening if the cost of the test substantially decreased or if its availability would entice a large fraction of otherwise unscreened persons to receive screening. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Putting Aside Preconceptions — Time for Dialogue among Primary Care Clinicians
Authors: David Blumenthal, Melinda K. Abrams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

In this issue of the Journal, Donelan and colleagues1 report that primary care physicians and nurse practitioners often work side by side but inhabit different universes, at least perceptually. Daniel Kahneman, the psychologist and Nobel laureate who helped found the emerging field of behavioral economics, would find this unsurprising. He contends that all humans are influenced by powerful unconscious mental filters that shape how they perceive the world around them.2 Given the heated debate over the roles of physicians and nurse practitioners in providing primary care in the United States,3 those filters are probably working overtime when these professionals reflect . . .
Enteral Stents in the Gastric Outlet and Duodenum
Authors: H.-U. Laasch, D. F. Martin, I. Maetani
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Self-expanding stents are designed to provide quick relief of enteric obstruction. The first attempts at stenting gastroduodenal obstructions were made in the early 1990 s, using esophageal stents, sometimes through a gastrostomy [1] [2], until the introduction of dedicated systems. The technique is based on the intuitive assumption that regaining enteral patency by a relatively noninvasive procedure is superior to other methods. Alternatives consist of bypass surgery or continuous external drainage. Many patients are unfit for gastroenterostomy, and drainage via nasogastric tube or venting gastrostomy does little to improve a patient’s already poor quality of life. The effects extend beyond vomiting, dehydration and inadequate calorie intake: nausea and regurgitation of foul stomach content are a constant reminder of the underlying cancer, and patients are excluded from social interactions associated with eating and drinking.
Doctor's manslaughter trial halted owing to defendant's health
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The trial of a doctor in England accused of manslaughter over the death of a teenage patient with cancer was halted last week after the judge was told that the defendant, Dr Feda Mulhem, was not fit to continue.

The jury was discharged in the second week of the trial at Nottingham Crown Court, but a retrial is still possible.

Dr Mulhem, aged 35, was charged with unlawfully killing Wayne Jowett, aged 18, who was recovering from leukaemia when the cytotoxic drug vincristine, which is meant …
The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of the Biological Activity of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Implications for Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: Edward W. Hillhouse, Dimitris K. Grammatopoulos
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

The CRH receptor (CRH-R) is a member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. Wide expression of CRH-Rs in the central nervous system and periphery ensures that their cognate agonists, the family of CRH-like peptides, are capable of exerting a wide spectrum of actions that underpin their critical role in integrating the stress response and coordinating the activity of fundamental physiological functions, such as the regulation of the cardiovascular system, energy balance, and homeostasis. Two types of mammal CRH-R exist, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2, each with unique splicing patterns and remarkably distinct pharmacological properties, but similar signaling properties, probably reflecting their distinct and sometimes contrasting biological functions. The regulation of CRH-R expression and activity is not fully elucidated, and we only now begin to fully understand the impact on mammalian pathophysiology. The focus of this review is the current and evolving understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling CRH-R biological activity and functional flexibility. This shows notable tissue-specific characteristics, highlighted by their ability to couple to distinct G proteins and activate tissue-specific signaling cascades. The type of activating agonist, receptor, and target cell appears to play a major role in determining the overall signaling and biological responses in health and disease.
Fatal pseudomembranous colitis despite eradication of Clostridium difficile.
Authors: P C Hawker, K R Hine, D W Burdon, H Thompson, M R Keighley
Journal: BMJ (1981)

examination, and the blast cells were Sudan-black positive, periodic acid Schiff-negative.Marrow chromosome analysis was normal.Cell surface markers showed that 85 %N of the cells were Ia positive, while 8 % were TdT positive, suggesting that a small proportion of the blast cells were lymphoid.He was nursed under laminar-flow conditions, with gut decontamination, and was started on the following chemotherapy: daunorubicin 40 Mg/in2 day 1, thioguanine and cytarabine 100 Mg/in2 twice a day on days 1 to 5. Despite two courses, his blood and marrow remained in florid relapse.Over these four weeks he had a right basal pneumonia, which responded to gentamicin and carbenicillin, and oesophageal candidiasis, which was treated with flucytosine.Treatment was changed to a seven-drug regimen, TRAMPCO1 (prednisolone reduced to 40 mg/day).Two courses of this succeeded in reducing, but not eliminating, circulating myeloblasts.After his last course, symptomatic candidiasis recurred when flucytosine was temporarily discontinued, and shortly thereafter he developed a left basal pneumonia with progressive deterioration, despite further broad- spectrum antibiotics.Within 48 hours signs of superior vena caval obstruction appeared with plethora, facial swelling, and distended neck veins.A chest radiograph showed a right-sided mediastinal mass with a right-sided sub- pleural effusion (see figure).Bronchoscopy showed splaying of the carina and narrowing of the right bronchus but no specific features; the results of mycological, cytological, and bacteriological examinations of the bronchial and pleural aspirate were negative, and a bronchial biopsy specimen showed nothing abnormal.Chest radiograph showing~~~conslidtio.meialy.i the right upper zone,~~~~~~~~~~~~.. appearances... inth igtloe zonewere due to a~~~~~~~~~.. .