tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Anticoagulation in Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: John E. Salvaggio, Charles A. Arnold, Charles H. Banov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

A CLINICAL study of 12 patients with SS hemoglobin who were treated with sustained orally administered anticoagulants at Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans was carried out in an attempt to alter the clinical course of the disease by decreasing the fibrin formation. Even though mechanical entanglement of the abnormal erythrocytes would still occur, it was believed that the decreased fibrin formation would lessen the chances of complete cessation of the blood flow.Since the first report of sickle-cell disease in 1910 plugging of small blood vessels in various organs by the abnormally shaped rigid cells has been recognized. . . .
Impaired Apoptosis of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells Is Associated With Intimal Proliferation and Irreversibility of Pulmonary Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Marilyne Lévy, Christelle Maurey, David S. Celermajer, Pascal R. Vouhé, Claire Danel, Damien Bonnet, Dominique Israël-Biet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
SCARLATINA ANORMA FATAL BY INFLAMMATION OF THE JUGULAR VEINS AND LATERAL SINUSES
Authors: J. Cockle
Journal: BMJ (1855)

ORIGINAL 'OMMUNICATIONS.M 2, vent its return The diminished size of the os would prevent the ndus from returing through it to its normal position, and strangulation would ensue, with its evil consequences.That perntonitis ensued in my case is not to be wondered at, considering how the peritoneum must have been interferedwith by such a sudden revulsion of its tissue.The favour- able termination of the case will certainly add a good prac- tical confirmation to the opinion of those who are in favour of removing the placenta before returniug the uterus.The uterus did not return with a sudden jerk, such as is asually ascribed to such cases.
A MODIFIED RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR MEASURING SKIN THICKNESS*
Authors: MARTIN M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article A MODIFIED RADIOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR MEASURING SKIN THICKNESS Get access MARTIN M. BLACK MARTIN M. BLACK University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 9, 1 September 1969, Pages 661–666, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16204.x Published: 01 September 1969 Article history Accepted: 21 January 1969 Published: 01 September 1969
MicroRNAs in the Human Heart
Authors: Thomas Thum, Paolo Galuppo, Christian Wolf, Jan Fiedler, Susanne Kneitz, Linda W. van Laake, Pieter A. Doevendans, Christine L. Mummery, Jürgen Borlak, Axel Haverich, Carina Gross, Stefan Engelhardt, Georg Ertl, Johann Bauersachs
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Chronic heart failure is characterized by left ventricular remodeling and reactivation of a fetal gene program; the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood. Here we provide evidence that cardiac microRNAs, recently discovered key regulators of gene expression, contribute to the transcriptional changes observed in heart failure. Methods and Results— Cardiac transcriptome analyses revealed striking similarities between fetal and failing human heart tissue. Using microRNA arrays, we discovered profound alterations of microRNA expression in failing hearts. These changes closely mimicked the microRNA expression pattern observed in fetal cardiac tissue. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated a striking concordance between regulated messenger RNA expression in heart failure and the presence of microRNA binding sites in the respective 3′ untranslated regions. Messenger RNAs upregulated in the failing heart contained preferentially binding sites for downregulated microRNAs and vice versa. Mechanistically, transfection of cardiomyocytes with a set of fetal microRNAs induced cellular hypertrophy as well as changes in gene expression comparable to the failing heart. Conclusions— Our data support a novel mode of regulation for the transcriptional changes in cardiac failure. Reactivation of a fetal microRNA program substantially contributes to alterations of gene expression in the failing human heart.
In vitro study on contribution of oxidative metabolism of isolated rabbit heart mitochondria to myocardial reperfusion injury.
Authors: H Otani, H Tanaka, T Inoue, M Umemoto, K Omoto, K Tanaka, T Sato, T Osako, A Masuda, A Nonoyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The present study was performed to clarify oxygen-induced damage following myocardial reperfusion, using three mitochondrial preparations from isolated rabbit hearts (nonischemic hearts and those subjected to 40 and 90 minutes of normothermic global ischemia). The viability of mitochondria was evaluated by adenosine triphosphate generation. The extent of mitochondrial injury produced by reactive oxygen metabolism was assessed by the intensity of hydroxyl radical signal detected with electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the reduction of coenzyme Q10 level. The greatest oxygen-induced injury was observed in 40-minute ischemic mitochondria exposed to pure oxygen. The use of superoxide dismutase and catalase satisfactorily prevented the oxygen-induced injury. Moreover, the net adenosine triphosphate generation of the 40-minute ischemic mitochondria was comparable to that of the nonischemic mitochondria without the enzymes. These results suggest that reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium with viable mitochondria is deleterious, because mitochondria are susceptible to injury resulting from oxidative metabolism, and that the use of superoxide dismutase, together with catalase, is beneficial for the restoration of cardiac function after ischemia.
Vagotomy for Gastric Ulcer
Authors: T. Kennedy, J. M. Kelly, J. D. George
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Out of a series of 75 patients who were treated by vagotomy and drainage for gastric ulcer 66 have been followed up for one to seven years (average three-and-a-half years). Four recurrent gastric ulcers occurred among the 33 cases of ulcer of the lesser curve or body with no antral or duodenal lesion (type I). Among the 42 patients with an antral ulcer or an associated active or healed pyloric or duodenal lesion (type II or III) there was only one recurrence. The recurrence rate for men was 5% and for women 12%. One patient died two years after operation from cancer which may have originated in the stomach. The clinical results in patients without recurrences were generally satisfactory. Vagotomy, preferably selective, with drainage is a satisfactory operation in gastric ulcers of types II and III. For ulcers of type I, gastrectomy is to be preferred except in selected cases.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms six months after bacterial gastroenteritis and risk factors for development of the irritable bowel syndrome: postal survey of patients
Authors: K. R Neal, J. Hebden, R. Spiller
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To measure the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms six months after bacterial gastroenteritis and determine risk factors and associations with postdysenteric symptoms. <b>Design:</b> Postal questionnaire. <b>Setting:</b> Nottingham Health Authority. <b>Subjects:</b> 544 people with microbiologically confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis between July 1994 and December 1994. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and relative risks for development of the irritable bowel syndrome and self reported altered bowel habit. <b>Results:</b> A quarter of subjects reported persistence of altered bowel habit six months after an episode of infective gastroenteritis. Increasing duration of diarrhoea, younger age, and female sex increased this risk, whereas vomiting as part of the illness reduced the risk. One in 14 developed the irritable bowel syndrome with an increased risk seen in women (relative risk 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 9.8) and with duration of diarrhoea (6.5; 1.3 to 34 for 15-21 days). <b>Conclusions:</b> Persistence of bowel symptoms commonly occurs after bacterial gastroenteritis and is responsible for considerable morbidity and health care costs.
1086-139 Comparison between successful and unsuccessful mitral valve repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation: An echocardiographic follow-up study
Authors: Maiko Shiota, Jian Xin Qin, Patrick M McCarthy, A.Marc Gillinov, John-Han Shin, Timothy Williams, Delos M Cosgrove, James D Thomas, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Transport of urokinase across the intestinal tract of normal human subjects with stimulation of synthesis and/or release of urokinase-type proteins.
Authors: N Toki, H Sumi, K Sasaki, I Boreisha, K C Robbins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Oral administration of clinical-type high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) in a single dose of 30,000-60,000 International Units (IU) in enteric-coated capsules, in a group of normal human subjects, induced a plasma fibrinolytic state suggesting transport of HMW-UK across the intestinal tract. Other groups of human subjects were given a single dose of 120,000 IU daily of pure HMW-UK for 1 d and 7 d together with a placebo dose, all of the ingredients except urokinase (UK), daily for 7 d. UK-type proteins were isolated from the plasma of blood samples drawn 6 h after administration of the final dose, by a sequential two-step affinity chromatography method first with [N alpha-(epsilon-aminocaproyl)-DL-homoarginine hexylester]-Sepharose and second with a specific rabbit anti-HMW-UK-IgG-Sepharose. The yield of UK-type proteins from the 7-d group, 0.79 mg/dl, was approximately twofold greater than that obtained from either the placebo or 1-d groups. The specific plasminogen activator activity of the 1-d and 7-d groups were similar, 508 and 537 IU/mg protein, respectively; negligible plasminogen activator activity could be detected in the placebo group. The kinetics of activation parameters of human Glu-plasminogen of the UK-type protein, isolated from the 1-d group, were similar to those obtained with urinary HMW-UK. The UK-type proteins isolated only from the 7-d group showed, in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a major protein band of molecular weight 53,000 in the same position as HMW-UK. In addition, two other major protein bands of approximately 140,000 and approximately 120,000 mol wt were found in the 7-d placebo-, and 1-d groups, and also in the 7-d group. The 53,000 mol wt protein, about 50% of the total protein in the 7-d group, was further purified by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be a two-chain protein with a specific activity of 1,241 IU/mg protein. The protein showed common antigenic determinants with urinary HMW-UK. The oral administration of 120,000 IU HMW-UK to human subjects for 7 d stimulated the synthesis of a UK-type protein of 53,000 mol wt, probably the zymogen, from either the liver or vascular endothelium, which was released into the circulation, and converted into active UK by circulating plasmin. The induction of the fibrinolytic state produced the conversion of native circulating Glu-plasminogen into the degraded Lys-plasminogen form, which was found in large amounts in the plasma of the 7-d group. The new plasma components, e.g., the 53,000-mol wt UK-zymogen and Lys-plasminogen, could play an important role in clot resolution of the fibrin-thrombus in thromboembolic diseases. Oral administration of HMW-UK has been shown to be clinically effective in patients with cerebral thrombosis in a multicenter double blind study.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF SUNSTROKE.
Authors: J. G. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I report this case because of the extreme rarity of sunstroke in this region during the autumn months, when the temperature usually ranges in midday from 78 to 88 F. in the shade, and also to demonstrate the occasional excessive susceptibility to an attack of sunstroke by an individual who has previously been stricken. <h3>Patient.</h3> —A well-developed girl of 11 years of age, always in good general health, had been suffering with slight headaches for a few days previous to the attack. She had until recently been an inmate of the County Orphan's Home, when she had been taken for trial by some country people with a view to adoption. Her parentage history was rather obscure. <h3>History.</h3> —On Sept. 15, 1905, at 11 a. m., the patient was standing near a tree in a garden on the hillside only partially exposed to the solar rays, awaiting the return of her
Phenotypic and functional characterization of human lymphocytes activated by interleukin-2 to directly inhibit growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro.
Authors: S M Levitz, M P Dupont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Recently we demonstrated that the nonadherent (to plastic) fraction of human PBMC could be activated by IL-2 to inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans growth. Here we characterize the antifungal effector cells. Depletion by panning of natural killer (NK) (CD16+, CD56+) cells from nylon wool-treated, IL-2-activated PBMC markedly decreased lytic activity against a tumor cell target (K562) but did not affect antifungal activity. Panning out T (CD3+, CD5+) cells enhanced activity against tumor cells but partially abrogated activity against C. neoformans. IL-2-activated T cells of 95% purity, obtained by panning out NK cells from PBMC forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, had excellent antifungal activity but suboptimal antitumor activity. The nonrosetted cells (which were virtually free of T cells and enriched for NK cells) had both antitumor and antifungal activity, even if cultured without IL-2. CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ cells, purified by positive selection by panning, directly inhibited cryptococcal growth. Conjugate formation between fungi and both CD56+ and CD5+ effector cells was demonstrated by videomicroscopy and immunoperoxidase staining. Thus, IL-2-activated T cells and NK cells form conjugates with and directly inhibit the growth of C. neoformans. To our knowledge, these data are the first demonstration of human T cells directly inhibiting growth of a microbial target.
Invariant chain cleavage and peptide loading in major histocompatibility complex class II vesicles.
Authors: S Amigorena, P Webster, J Drake, J Newcomb, P Cresswell, I Mellman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

B lymphocytes contain a novel population of endocytic vesicles involved in the transport of newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alpha beta chains and alpha beta peptide complexes to the cell surface. We now present evidence that these class II-enriched vesicles (CIIV) are also likely to be a site for the loading of immunogenic peptides onto MHC molecules. We used the serine protease inhibitor leupeptin to accumulate naturally occurring intermediates in the degradation of alpha beta-invariant chain complexes and to slow the intracellular transport of class II molecules. As expected, leupeptin caused an accumulation of Ii chain and class II molecules (I-A(d)) in endosomes and lysosomes. More importantly, however, it enhanced the selective accumulation of a 10-kD invariant chain fragment associated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-labile (empty) alpha beta dimers in CIIV. This was followed by the dissociation of the 10-kD fragment, formation of SDS-stable (peptide-loaded) alpha beta dimers, and their subsequent appearance at the cell surface. Thus, CIIV are likely to serve as a specialized site, distinct from endosomes and lysosomes, that hosts the final steps in the dissociation of invariant chain from class II molecules and the loading of antigen-derived peptides onto newly synthesized alpha beta dimers.
Prevention of red cell alloimmunization by CD25 regulatory T cells in mouse models
Authors: Jin Yu, Susanne Heck, Karina Yazdanbakhsh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Transfusion therapy is currently an effective therapeutic intervention in a number of diseases, including sickle cell disease. However, its use is complicated by a high incidence of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in the transfusion recipients. The identification of T regulatory cells (Tregs) among the CD4 + CD25 + T cell subset as key regulators of peripheral tolerance in mice as well as humans has opened an exciting era in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune disease and for improving organ transplantation. However, their potential in inducing transfusion tolerance remains to be explored. We used red cells from mice transgenic for human glycophorin A blood group antigen as donor cells and transfused wild‐type mice to induce alloantibodies, as an experimental system to study RBC alloimmunization. We found that depletion with anti‐CD25 enhanced the alloantibody production, indicating that CD25 Tregs play an important role in regulation of alloantibody responses. More importantly, adoptive transfer of purified population of CD4 + CD25 + but not CD4 + CD25 − cells from naïve mice prevented the induction of IgG and IgM alloantibody production in transfusion recipients, with a concomitant reduction in activated splenic B cells and macrophages. Similarly, adoptive transfer of purified populations of CD4 + CD25 + cells from naïve mice into naïve syngeneic recipients inhibited the anti‐Ig response to rat RBCs in the recipients but transfer of control CD4 + CD25 − cells did not. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Tregs participate in the control of transfusion‐associated RBC alloantibody responses, opening up the possibility that Treg immunotherapy may be exploited for suppressing transfusion immunization events. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peer usage versus peer review
Authors: Bruce G Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

It is often asserted that peer review is the essence of scientific evaluation, but this is incorrect. Peer review is not specific to science but is employed by all academic subjects from English literature to theology. Neither is it necessary to science. Until a few decades ago—and during the scientific golden age of the mid-20th century—there was very little peer review in the modern sense. So peer review is neither necessary nor sufficient for scientific progress.

The truly definitive scientific evaluation is in fact “peer usage,” which entails testing facts and theories not by opinion but in actual practice. This means that, even when published in the best journals, new science should never be regarded as valid until its predictions have been retrospectively validated by use in further relevant research by competent scientific peers.

Peer usage is essential to science because it evaluates how research stands up when used for intervening in …
Implication of γδ T cells in the human immune response to cytomegalovirus
Authors: Julie Déchanet, Pierre Merville, Annick Lim, Christelle Retière, Vincent Pitard, Xavier Lafarge, Susan Michelson, Claude Méric, Marie-Martine Hallet, Philippe Kourilsky, Luc Potaux, Marc Bonneville, Jean-François Moreau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

In normal individuals, γδ T cells account for less than 6% of total peripheral T lymphocytes and mainly express T-cell receptor (TCR) Vδ2-Vγ9 chains. We have previously observed a dramatic expansion of γδ T cells in the peripheral blood of renal allograft recipients only when they developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This increase was long lasting (more than 1 year), was associated with an activation of γδ T cells, and concerned only Vδ1 or Vδ3 T-cell subpopulations. Analysis of γδ TCR junctional diversity revealed that CMV infection in these patients was accompanied by (a) a marked restriction of CDR3 size distribution in Vδ3 and, to a lesser extent, in Vδ1 chains; and (b) a selective expansion of Vδ1 cells bearing recurrent junctional amino acid motifs. These features are highly suggestive of an in vivo antigen-driven selection of γδ T-cell subsets during the course of CMV infection. Furthermore, Vδ1 and Vδ3 T cells from CMV-infected kidney recipients were able to proliferate in vitro in the presence of free CMV or CMV-infected fibroblast lysates but not uninfected or other herpes virus–infected fibroblast lysates. This in vitro expansion was inhibited by anti-γδ TCR mAb’s. These findings suggest that a population of γδ T cells might play an important role in the immune response of immunosuppressed patients to CMV infection.
The Role of Supportive Services in the Operation of an Isolator System
Authors: Alexander A. Levitan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The individuals who are necessary for the support of a patient placed within an isolator system include those concerned with care of the patient as well as individuals responsible for the effective operation of the isolator itself. Depending upon the specific objectives for which a patient is placed within such an isolation facility, the contributions of certain of these individuals may be amended or deleted. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the optimal operation of any isolator facility requires the availability of an extensive and well-trained patient-support team.
Arterial insufficiency of the hand evaluated by digital blood pressure and arteriographic findings.
Authors: M Hirai
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In 80 hands with arterial occlusive disease, systolic blood pressure at the wrist and in all fingers was measured by photoelectric plethysmography. The correlation of such pressures with angiographic evidence of organic obstruction or the development of digital ischemic signs was studied. Digital blood pressure was normal in all 184 fingers in which there was at least one obstruction-free arterial path to and through the finger. Ischemic signs developed in only one. Of 203 fingers with occlusion in vessels in or leading to both sides of the finger, a decreased pressure was seen in 173 and a normal pressure in 30. Ischemic signs were observed in 132 of 173 fingers with a decreased pressure, and in two of 30 with a normal pressure. The clinical significance of measurement of digital blood pressure in arterial occlusive disease is discussed.
Folatex haematuria catheter.
Authors: A. J. Partridge
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BRrTSH 1529able menace to the future prosperity of man- kind.The family planning movement launched by their Government had made rapid progress, and its message was reaching far and wide.It was for medical men to see that it reached every home and to con- vince parents that they should have only that number of children they could bring up well.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Authors: Marta Maschio, Loredana Dinapoli, Alessia Zarabla, Bruno Jandolo
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

The authors state in the first page of the article that "patients with tumor progression performed worse on neurocognitive tests than did patients without progression, which could be attributed to the use of antiepileptic drugs," without referencing which specific antiepileptic drugs the study addressed.In fact, in Table 2 of the article, titled "Characteristics at baseline of 68 glioma patients stratified by neurocognitive follow-up," the authors included "Antiepileptic drug use (%)" as a characteristic but again did not specify which drugs their patients were using.Our team has been researching the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) over the past few years, specifically topiramate, levetiracetam, and oxcarbazepine, 2,3 in order to explore both the positive and negative characteristics of these newer drugs with respect to the older AEDs.It is precisely due to the fact that there is a vast array of AEDs to choose from (both older and newer) when prescribing a patient's drug treatment that attention must be given to the specific characteristics of each drug; they simply cannot and should not be lumped together in any discussion or research project.Not identifying the specific drugs that were encountered during a study seems to undermine all of the research that has been done to date concerning AEDs.