tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydroxyurea treatment of sickle cell anemia in hospital‐based practices
Authors: Robert P. Ferguson, Anuradha Arun, Chris Carter, Stanley D. Walker, Oswaldo Castro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

In a published randomized clinical trial, hydroxyurea (HU) improved clinical outcomes in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). The mean treatment duration of that trial was 21 months. Here we attempt to determine whether the benefits associated with HU therapy of SCA have led also to successful patient acceptance of HU treatment in community practices, and whether successful clinical outcomes persist beyond 2 years. This is an observational retrospective chart study of the computerized medical records of 60 men and women with SCA who had HU treatment for at least 3 months and who were treated at teaching hospital subspecialty clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. Thirty had remained on therapy for at least 24 months. Admissions declined in this group by 30% (P = 0.04). Declines were seen also in transfusion requirements (-58%, P = 0.07). In 17 of these 30 patients, at least 48 months of follow-up records were available. Fourteen of these remained on therapy the entire period, with similar and sustained reductions in admissions and transfusions. We conclude that hydroxyurea therapy of SCA applied in community settings leads to declining admissions and transfusion rates in many individuals for 4 years or more.
Benign Tumors of Oesophagus: Value of Endoscopy
Authors: J. Faivre, R. Bory, B. Moulinier
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Endoscopic examination carried out in 20,000 patients allowed 7 benign tumors of the oesophagus to be detected. Four of them were intramural tumors corresponding to leiomyomas. Guided biopsies are not sufficient to assure an accurate diagnosis, but a mucosal lesion, particularly a carcinoma, should be ruled out. Endoscopic resection of the 3 intraluminal tumours was performed without incidents, allowing an accurate histologic diagnosis and a reasonable therapeutic approach. Endoscopic supervision is necessary in case of epithelial tumors.
Volumetric Quantitative Analysis of Tissue Characteristics of Coronary Plaques After Statin Therapy Using Three-Dimensional Integrated Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Masanori Kawasaki, Keiji Sano, Munenori Okubo, Haruko Yokoyama, Yoko Ito, Ichijiro Murata, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Shinya Minatoguchi, Xiangrong Zhou, Hiroshi Fujita, Hisayoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
The hieratic mode.
Authors: T D Swinscow
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The hieratic mode T D V SWINSCOW Rigid, angular, remote, those priestly figures stand in rows and columns on the tombs of ancient Egypt in overwhelming profusion.Their gestures are stylised, their demeanour authoritative.Are these the portraits, I sometimes wonder, of the authors whose papers I edit for the press ?For the style which flows from many medical and scientific writers is so close to hieratic utterance that it might have originated at Luxor.Nobody expects the language of such papers to be remarkable for its euphony or wholly free of the grammatical slips that can take us all unawares.But the person that the style reflects is certainly a weird and wonderful creature. Beckoning roleNo longer, for instance, does an author "record" a case or his observations; he documents them."This paper documents 20 cases of etc." Likewise authors keep clear of observing, reporting, illustrating, or even finding anything; they always document it.For underpinning their work, they imply, is a vast deal of scholarly research ("The neurotropic effect of dimethicone is particularly well documented . ..").And this paper is not just another "contribution to the literature."Rather, it is a weighty addition to scholarship.But alongside the role of learned scholar another beckons even more compellingly to writers of scientific papers.To them no pressure is ever merely raised, no concentration increased, no response enhanced, no reflex intensified; all are elevated.Serum proteins, pulse rates, ankle jerks, body temperatures-what goes up must be elevated.Here the word "elevate" offers the attraction of implying something reverential, almost spiritual, in the writer's approach to his work.An elevated mood, for instance, is undoubtedly more refined and poetic than a heightened emotion or, still more, a raised blood pressure.So an "elevated" blood protein has probably been detected by the caring and committed scientist mixing his sera for the test in the Holy Grail.A priestly role beckons.
Changes in liver and plasma acetylcholinesterase in rats with cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation
Authors: Salud M. García-Ayllón, Ximena M. Silveyra, Asunción Candela, Antonio Compañ, Joan Clària, Rodrigo Jover, Miguel Pérez-Mateo, Vicente Felipo, Salvador Martínez, Joan Galcerán, Javier Sáez-Valero
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Classical studies of cholinesterase activity during liver dysfunction have focused on butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), whereas acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has not received much attention. In the current study, liver and plasma AChE levels were investigated in rats with cirrhosis induced after 3 weeks of bile duct ligation (BDL). BDL rats showed a pronounced decrease in liver AChE levels (˜50%) compared with sham-operated (non-ligated, NL) controls; whereas liver BuChE appeared unaffected. A selective loss of tetrameric (G4) AChE was detected in BDL rats, an effect also observed in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. In accordance, SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the major 55-kd immunoreactive AChE band was decreased in BDL as compared with NL. A 65-kd band, attributed in part to inactive AChE, was increased as became the most abundant AChE subunit in BDL liver. The overall decrease in AChE activity in BDL liver was not accompanied by a reduction of AChE transcripts. The loss of G4 was also reflected by changes observed in AChE glycosylation pattern attributable to different liver AChE forms being differentially glycosylated. BDL affects AChE levels in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells; however, altered AChE expression was mainly reflected in an alteration in hepatocyte AChE pattern. Plasma from BDL rats had approximately 45% lower AChE activity than controls, displaying decreased G4 levels and altered lectin-binding patterns. In conclusion , the liver is an important source of serum AChE; altered AChE levels may be a useful biomarker for liver cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2006;43:444–453.)
Percutaneous Lumbar Diskectomy
Authors: Parviz Kambin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article on percutaneous lumbar diskectomy in the January 6 issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>Although I do not believe it was the intention of the author to advocate or endorse any particular instrumentation, the discussion seemed to be more promotional than scientific, for the following reasons. Obviously, most of the panel members are neurosurgeons and users of the nucleotome (20 neurosurgeons and 6 orthopedic surgeons). The article quotes one surgeon who has performed 200 operations with no complications. The article even reports the opinion of the manufacturer of the nucleotome. To the best of my knowledge, the users of what are considered to be manual instruments were not included, consulted, or interviewed for this study. The term manual instrument is misleading. When the 4.5-mL cannula is positioned, one can introduce all kinds of automated instruments for evacuation of disk material. These
Pantethine and cystamine deplete cystine from cystinotic fibroblasts via efflux of cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide.
Authors: J D Butler, M Zatz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Children suffering from cystinosis, a genetic disease characterized by high levels of lysosomal cystine, are currently being treated with cysteamine to lower the cystine levels in their cells. In fibroblasts from these patients, cysteamine and its disulfide, cystamine, are equally effective in lowering cystine levels. We recently reported that pantethine, a dietary precursor of coenzyme A, depletes cystine from cultured, cystinotic fibroblasts as effectively as cystamine. To determine the mechanism of action of pantethine, and of cystamine, we have compared the fate of [35S]cystine-derived metabolites in the presence and absence of these agents. The results indicate that the ability of pantethine to deplete cystine resides in its being a metabolic precursor of cysteamine. Furthermore, both pantethine and cystamine act by generating the mixed disulfide of cysteamine and cysteine in the lysosomes, which is then rapidly excreted from the cells. The fall in intracellular [35S]cystine caused by these agents was not accompanied by a comparable increase in any intracellular metabolite; rather, it could be accounted for by the appearance of mixed disulfide in the medium. There was no accumulation of mixed disulfide in the cells. Radioactivity in cytoplasmic glutathione was, however, increased by cystamine or pantethine. Thus, cysteamine (formed intracellularly in these experiments) undergoes thiol-disulfide exchange with cystine in the lysosomes, producing cysteamine-cysteine mixed disulfide and free cysteine, which enter the cytoplasm. The free cysteine is available to several pathways, including oxidation to the disulfide or the mixed disulfide, and synthesis of glutathione. The mixed disulfide is excreted from the cell, which ultimately depletes the cell of its excess cystine.
Walking across Antarctica.
Authors: F Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1993)

orthodox drummer of civilisation, yet Mackin, more so than Shackleton, displayed an ability to vary his step according to circumstances throughout a colourful life ofdiverse activities.There can be few medical men who have had a mountain named after them.On South Georgia, Mount Mackdin (54045'S, 36003'W with twin peaks, the higher at 1900 m) in the Salvesen Range is an appropriate memorial to this most remarkable doctor.We are indebted to Mrs Jean Macklin
Survival Rates after Acute Myocardial Infarction with Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: JOHN W. KEYES, ELLET H. DRAKE, F. JANNEY SMITH
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Evidence is set forth to show the value of continuous long-term anticoagulant therapy by comparison with a control group of patients who have also had multiple coronary occlusions or single infarcts, followed by severe angina pectoris or episodes of coronary failure. Statistical life-estimate determinations are included. Bleeding complications are encountered less frequently with improved methods of management and are considered a justifiable risk, in view of the serious consequences of the natural progress of the disease. After a program of long-term anticoagulant treatment has been instituted, cessation of therapy may be hazardous.
The natural history of windows.
Authors: R Murley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

J R Belcher, frcs, and M Caplin, frcp_ 1212 Hypnosis P G F Nixon, frcp; G D K Flint, MB_ 1212 Teratomas of the ovary E S Newlands, mrcp, and others. 1213 Anaesthetic deaths and caesarean section J M Cundy, ffarcs. 1213 0 Treatment of onchocerciasis D R Bell, frcp. 1213 Enuresis and tricyclic antidepressants A O Griffiths, MB. 1213 Poisoning with tricyclic antidepressants J M Dougan, frcp(c). 1213 Fats and atheroma J I Mann, dm. 1214 Nutritional intake, adiposity, and diabetes Surgeon Captain T L Cleave, frcp. 1214 One man's schizophrenic illness S Hayes . 1214 Another personal view of cardiac arrhythmia G O Tippett, frcs. 1214 Aetiology of appendicitis O Schaefer, frcp(c); S P B Donnan, frcs 1215 Psoriasis and cancer P E Polani, frcp, frs; S Shuster, frcp, and others. 1215 Defects in copper winding of intrauterine devices Elspeth M Williamson, MB, and R Jane Berry, mb. 1215 Estimating gestational age A F J Atkins, mrcog. 1215 Sauna habits of Finnish women during pregnancy M Uhari, md, and others. 1216 Naproxen and renal impairment S J Ingram, md; D D Mar, pharmd, and R D Brandstetter, md. 1216 Anaphylactic reactions to wasp and bee stings Marianne A Ganderton, mb. 1216 Back pain?what can we offer? A Calin, md. 1217 Amitriptyline plasma concentration and clinical response S Jones, mps, and P Turner, frcp. 1217 The drug of choice for major seizures? D P Addy, mrcp. 1217 Difficulties in diagnosing meningococcal meningitis L S Lewis, MB. 1217 Saxophonist's diverticulosis M J Shea, md. 1217 Paget's disease in a treadle machine operator T M Gasper, mrcp. 1217 Epilepsy J B Wilson, md. 1218 Mercury battery ingestion Elizabeth A Barros D'Sa, MB, and A A B Barros D'Sa, frcs . 1218 Differences between Leeds fractures and London fractures? M R Baker, mrcp, and others. 1218 Microscopic words S Selwyn, md. 1218 Unusual reaction to monoamine oxidase inhibitor L D Gardner, mrcpglas. 1218 Air embolism after removal of intravenous catheter J L Peters, frcs. 1219 Motorcycle accidents R Cottingham. 1219 Coronary artery spasm W W Coppinger, mrcog. 1219 Proteinuria at high altitude A Pines, frcped. 1219 Commonwealth Medical Association Lord Porritt, frcs ; D E C Mekie, frcsed .. 1220 PPP plan for BMA members S G Bayliss, mb. 1220 The new consultant contract A D B Webster, mrcp. 1220 Points Mcllroy was here. Or was he ? (C E Dick and J R Nixon; C C Smith; I M O'Brien, and others; P O G Ehrhardt; N M C Mayne and T P Ormerod; V E Lloyd Hart; Marianne Janosi); Drug induced cardiovascular disease (M K Thompson); Oral temperature and hypo thermia (E LI Lloyd); Psoriasis and cancer (F M Hadden); Swallowing pills (J S Philipotts); The natural history of win dows (R D Martin); Recall fees (DEB Powell). 1221
Pivotal role of Smad3 in a mouse model of T cell-mediated hepatitis
Authors: Michael Kremer, Ashley W. Perry, Richard J. Milton, Richard A. Rippe, Michael D. Wheeler, Ian N. Hines
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) promotes hepatocellular apoptosis and suppresses hepatic lymphocyte responses in part through activation of Smad3. The purpose of the current study was to determine the importance of Smad3 signaling in an experimental model of autoimmune hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (ConA), a process involving T cell activation and hepatocellular apoptosis. C57Bl/6 wild-type (Wt) or Smad3-deficient (Smad3(-/-)) mice were injected intravenously with 15 mg/kg ConA or vehicle. Nine hours post ConA injection, Wt mice presented with severe hepatitis as assessed by increased liver transferases. This injury was associated with eosinophil accumulation and preceded at 3 hours post-injection by significant increases in hepatic T helper 1 (interferon gamma) and T helper 2 (interleukin-4) cytokine production. Absence of Smad3 significantly blunted hepatocellular injury 9 hours post ConA injection, which was associated with reduced early T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine production and eosinophil accumulation. Smad3(-/-) livers also showed significant reductions in hepatocellular apoptosis as assessed by terminal UTP nick-end labeling when compared to ConA-treated Wt mice in conjunction with reduced caspase 3 cleavage, which was likely mediated by a Smad3-dependent inhibition of the survival factor extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In vitro, Smad3(-/-) hepatocytes were resistant to TGFbeta-induced apoptosis, and this protection was dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.Together, these results show, for the first time, the significance of Smad3 signaling in autoimmune hepatitis, underlining the control of Smad3-dependent TGFbeta signaling on proinflammatory cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment, and hepatocellular apoptosis. Interruption of this pathway could be beneficial clinically to limit acute fulminant liver pathologies.
Quantifying the Efficiency and Equity Implications of Power Plant Air Pollution Control Strategies in the United States
Authors: Jonathan I. Levy, Andrew M. Wilson, Leonard M. Zwack
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

In deciding among competing approaches for emissions control, debates often hinge on the potential tradeoffs between efficiency and equity. However, previous health benefits analyses have not formally addressed both dimensions.We modeled the public health benefits and the change in the spatial inequality of health risk for a number of hypothetical control scenarios for power plants in the United States to determine optimal control strategies.We simulated various ways by which emission reductions of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides, and fine particulate matter (particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter; PM(2.5)) could be distributed to reach national emissions caps. We applied a source-receptor matrix to determine the PM(2.5) concentration changes associated with each control scenario and estimated the mortality reductions. We estimated changes in the spatial inequality of health risk using the Atkinson index and other indicators, following previously derived axioms for measuring health risk inequality.In our baseline model, benefits ranged from 17,000-21,000 fewer premature deaths per year across control scenarios. Scenarios with greater health benefits also tended to have greater reductions in the spatial inequality of health risk, as many sources with high health benefits per unit emissions of SO(2) were in areas with high background PM(2.5) concentrations. Sensitivity analyses indicated that conclusions were generally robust to the choice of indicator and other model specifications.Our analysis demonstrates an approach for formally quantifying both the magnitude and spatial distribution of health benefits of pollution control strategies, allowing for joint consideration of efficiency and equity.
Progress toward a National Blood System
Authors: Douglas MacN. Surgenor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Underlying the difficulties with the blood supply of the United States is a dispute between the American Association of Blood Banks and the American Red Cross over who shall control blood collection. Two basic philosophies of donor recruitment, one aimed at individuals and the other at communities, have complex sequelae. This dispute results in a mismatch between blood supply and use, marked by simultaneous waste and shortage of blood. These circumstances affect patient recipients of blood and conservation of the national blood resource. The National Blood Policy represents an unusually strong effort by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to reorganize the blood service complex. It has led to a proposal from the private sector to establish an American Blood Commission to implement the Policy. Care must be taken to see that the new Commission addresses these problems and does not become a forum for extending the dispute. (N Engl J Med 291:17–22, 1974)
Hamilton Cassells (“Tony”) Milligan
Authors: Gavin Milligan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former district community physician Hartlepool (b Newton Stewart 1921; q Edinburgh 1944; FFPH, DPH), died from cardiac failure on 19 November 2004.

Tony served with the King's African Rifles in east Africa and India before undertaking postgraduate studies in public health. After posts in Yorkshire and Walsall, in 1958 he was appointed medical officer of health for Hartlepool, later becoming district community physician. He retired in 1986. In Hartlepool he led the development of housing provision for elderly people. He was also involved in the training and introduction of health visiting and district nursing services. Tony was an active member of Hartlepool Rotary Club for 44 years. He leaves two sons.
An Immunologically Privileged Retinal Antigen Elicits Tolerance
Authors: Dody Avichezer, Rafael S. Grajewski, Chi-Chao Chan, Mary J. Mattapallil, Phyllis B. Silver, James A. Raber, Gregory I. Liou, Barbara Wiggert, Giavonni M. Lewis, Larry A. Donoso, Rachel R. Caspi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Immunologically privileged retinal antigens can serve as targets of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a model for human uveitis. The tolerance status of susceptible strains, whose target antigen is not expressed in the thymus at detectable levels, is unclear. Here, we address this issue directly by analyzing the consequences of genetic deficiency versus sufficiency of a uveitogenic retinal antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). IRBP-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice on a highly EAU-susceptible background were challenged with IRBP. The KO mice had greatly elevated responses to IRBP, an altered recognition of IRBP epitopes, and their primed T cells induced exacerbated disease in WT recipients. Ultrasensitive immunohistochemical staining visualized sparse IRBP-positive cells, undetectable by conventional assays, in thymi of WT (but not of KO) mice. IRBP message was PCR amplified from these cells after microdissection. Thymus transplantation between KO and WT hosts demonstrated that this level of expression is functionally relevant and sets the threshold of immune (and autoimmune) reactivity. Namely, KO recipients of WT thymi generated reduced IRBP-specific responses, and WT recipients of KO thymi developed enhanced responses and a highly exacerbated disease. Repertoire culling and thymus-dependent CD25+ T cells were implicated in this effect. Thus, uveitis-susceptible individuals display a detectable and functionally significant tolerance to their target antigen, in which central mechanisms play a prominent role.
Acute Muscle Wasting Among Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Daren Heyland, Carrie Earthman, Charlene Compher
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Hot Spot" on Ga-67-Citrate Scan in a Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: JUICHI KAWAMURA, HITOSHI ITOH, OSAMU YOSHIDA, TORU FUJITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

*From the Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan †From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
The Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome presenting as familial elastic tissue naevi
Authors: S.L. Woodrow, F.M. Pope, S.E. Handfield-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article The Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome presenting as familial elastic tissue naevi Get access S.L. Woodrow, S.L. Woodrow Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.M. Pope, F.M. Pope Princess of Wales Hospital, Coity Road, Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan CF31 1RQ, U.K.Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Road, Cardiff CF4 4XD, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.E. Handfield‐Jones S.E. Handfield‐Jones Department of Dermatology, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2QZ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 890–893, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04152.x Published: 01 April 2001