tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utility of the Radioimmunoassay of Serum Thyrotropin.
Authors: Jerome M. Hershman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Utility of the Radioimmunoassay of Serum Thyrotropin.Jerome M. Hershman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Dale G. Read, M.D., Timothy B. Gibson, M.D., Ann L. Bailey, B.S.Jerome M. Hershman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dale G. Read, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Timothy B. Gibson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ann L. Bailey, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1062_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe serum levels of several hormones of the anterior pituitary gland vary acutely in response to various stresses. We measured human thyrotrophin (TSH) in unextracted serum samples by a sensitive specific radioimmunoassay. The mean level in euthyroid adults was 4.43 ± 1.64 µunits/ml (mean ± SD). In 17 patients with primary hypothyroidism serum TSH was 24 to 160 µunits/ml, clearly differentiating this condition from secondary hypothyroidism in which TSH was not detected. Serum TSH was normal in patients with simple goiter, acromegaly, Cushing's disease, and choriocarcinoma.In pregnant women late in the third trimester serum TSH averaged 4.56 µunits/ml. This... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Birmingham, Alabama PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1062-1063KeywordsAcromegalyHypothyroidismPituitary glandPregnancyProlactinRadioimmunoassaysThyroid-stimulating hormone Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Leonard J. Deftos, Jacqueline G. Parthemore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) was studied in 30 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Most patients with elevated levels of CT were normocalcemic and also had normal basal levels of PTH. Five of six patients with associated hyperparathyroidism were hypercalcemic and had elevated basal PTH levels. Hormone secretion was also studied during infusions with standard and low doses of calcium. PTH unexpectedly increased during 12 of 18 calcium infusions. Such a paradoxical increase in PTH was seen in those patients with the greatest increase in CT and the least increase in calcium during the calcium infusion. Accordingly, increases in PTH concentration during the calcium infusions could be correlated directly with increases in CT and correlated inversely with increases in calcium. These observations suggest that, in some patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, a further increase in the abnormally elevated CT levels may stimulate PTH secretion. Therefore, at least in acute studies, there may be a functional, as well as a genetic, relationship between the secretion of these two hormones in patients with this thyroid tumor.
Treating preinfected wounds
Authors: P. J. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MBICA OHNAL coronary care.The patient with an apparently mild myocardial infarction is at as great a risk of developing fatal ventricular dysrhythmia as the patient with a clinically severe infarct.4In Newcastle the interval between the receipt of the call from the practitioner and the arrival of the coronary care team with the patient (mean 21 minutes) contrasts with the Belfast time (median 10 minutes).The inordinate delay may contribute to the lack of interest of the Newcastle practitioners in the scheme.Dr. Dewar and his colleagues indicate that only 420% of the Newcastle practitioners use the mobile unit and that the number is not increasing.A questionary conducted by one of us (Dr.Zaidi) in March 1969 indicated that 89% of the Belfast practitioners use the mobile scheme.Another important difference between the two schemes is that in Belfast only personnel who have gained experience in the hospital coronary care unit are allowed to go on the mobile team.We agree with Dr. Dewar and his colleagues that it is most important to have adequate inpatient coronary care facilities for reception of patients managed by a mobile unit.It should be stressed, however, that all the available data indicate that at least two-thirds of the deaths from myo- cardial infarction occur outside hospital and that therefore when problems of staffing exist priority should be given to staffing of the mobile unit.-Weare, etc.,
Neuraminidase inhibitors, superinfection and corticosteroids affect survival of influenza patients
Authors: Nelson Lee, Yee-Sin Leo, Bin Cao, Paul K.S. Chan, W.M. Kyaw, Timothy M. Uyeki, Wilson W.S. Tam, Catherine S.K. Cheung, Irene M.H. Yung, Hui Li, Li Gu, Yingmei Liu, Zhenjia Liu, Jiuxin Qu, David S.C. Hui
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We aimed to study factors influencing outcomes of adults hospitalised for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Individual-patient data from three Asian cohorts (Hong Kong, Singapore and Beijing; N=2649) were analysed. Adults hospitalised for laboratory-confirmed influenza (prospectively diagnosed) during 2008–2011 were studied. The primary outcome measure was 30-day survival. Multivariate Cox regression models (time-fixed and time-dependent) were used. Patients had high morbidity (respiratory/nonrespiratory complications in 68.4%, respiratory failure in 48.6%, pneumonia in 40.8% and bacterial superinfections in 10.8%) and mortality (5.9% at 30 days and 6.9% at 60 days). 75.2% received neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) (73.8% received oseltamivir and 1.4% received peramivir/zanamivir; 44.5% of patients received NAI ≤2 days and 65.5% ≤5 days after onset of illness); 23.1% received systemic corticosteroids. There were fewer deaths among NAI-treated patients (5.3% versus 7.6%; p=0.032). NAI treatment was independently associated with survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.19–0.43), adjusted for treatment-propensity score and patient characteristics. Superinfections increased (adjusted HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.52–3.11) and chronic statin use decreased (adjusted HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.84) death risks. Best survival was shown when treatment started within ≤2 days (adjusted HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.12–0.32), but there was benefit with treatment within 3–5 days (adjusted HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21–0.58). Time-dependent analysis showed consistent results of NAI treatment (adjusted HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27–0.57). Corticosteroids increased superinfection (9.7% versus 2.7%) and deaths when controlled for indications (adjusted HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.14–2.62). Early NAI treatment was associated with shorter length of stay in a subanalysis. NAI treatment may improve survival of hospitalised influenza patients; benefit is greatest from, but not limited to, treatment started within 2 days of illness. Superinfections and corticosteroids increase mortality. Antiviral and non-antiviral management strategies should be considered.
Terrorism in Flu Season
Authors: Susan Ward
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The birth and development of the forced expiratory manoeuvre: a tribute to Robert Tiffeneau (1910-1961)
Authors: JC Yernault
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The forced expiratory manoeuvre was first described by Tiffeneau and Pinelli working in Paris (France), in December 1947, who proposed measurement of the "pulmonary capacity usable on exercise" (capacite pulmonaire utilisable a l'effort) (CPUE), the maximal volume expelled in one second after a deep inspiration. It was intended to replace the measurement of the maximum breathing capacity, a difficult and tiring manoeuvre. A similar approach was later followed in the USA by Gaensler, who proposed the "timed vital capacity" in 1951. The name CPUE was changed to "volume expiratoire maximum seconde" (VEMS) by a group of European experts, who met in Paris on February 13, 1954, whereas the expression "forced expiratory volume" was adopted by the British Thoracic Society in 1957. Despite numerous attempts to examine the forced expiration in a different manner, the VEMS and/or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) remain, after 50 yrs the main variables used daily by the respiratory physician. Although primarily a pharmacologist, Robert Tiffeneau (1910-1961) undoubtedly deserves to figure among the pioneers of respiratory medicine.
From Asylum to Community
Authors: Richard F. Mollica
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Before 1950, publicly supported psychiatric services (i.e., those of so-called public psychiatry) were provided primarily at state hospitals. Over the past 30 years public psychiatry has shifted its emphasis away from long-term custodial care to outpatient and community-based services. Paradoxically, this broadening of focus has become associated with both an expanded use of psychiatric services and a threatened decline in clinical standards and treatment goals. Five areas of policy confusion and contradiction threaten the stability of public mental-health services: the shift in emphasis from public to private services, the issue of rehabilitation and reintegration into society versus custodial care, the differential treatment of the lower-class patient, the demedicalization of public services, and conflict between professionals and blurring of roles within the psychiatric profession. These problems reflect public psychiatry's overemphasis on social reform and political rather than clinical definitions of treatment, its lack of specific treatment and of defined treatment goals, and its inability to change psychiatry's (and society's) historical assignment of low status to the public patient.
Managing anaemia in critically ill adults
Authors: T. S. Walsh, D. L. Wyncoll, S. J. Stanworth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Anaemia (haemoglobin <120 g/l for women, and <130 g/l for men) is common in acutely unwell patients. Maintaining sufficient oxygen transport to the tissues is fundamental to survival and recovery from acute illness, and in the United Kingdom 8-10% of the blood supply is used to treat patients in intensive care.1 Red blood cells transport more than 97% of the oxygen content of blood—about 200 ml/l—and anaemia greatly reduces oxygen delivery, especially if patients also have cardiovascular and respiratory compromise.2

Transfusion of donor (allogeneic) red blood cells is the standard method for rapidly correcting anaemia in acutely unwell patients, but the risk-benefit balance of this intervention is a subject of continuing debate, controversy, and concern.3 We highlight uncertainties in the management of anaemia in critically ill patients, especially in relation to the use of red cells, and summarise current evidence from observational studies and randomised trials. We focus on the management of anaemia in critically ill patients without active bleeding, such as those who are in adult medical and surgical intensive care units, high dependency units, and other acute units. We do not discuss the management of patients …
THE CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF TRENCH FOOT
Authors: B. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1916)

THE pathologic condition which hias been called " trenclh foot " hias given rise to conlsiderable discuLssion, and from time to tine articles by different observers lhave been published i-n wlichl various sutggestions for its treatment lhave been made.The importance of the dliscovery of the true cause of tlhis condition can hardly be exaggerated, whlehlier it be' regarded from the point of view of the initernal economiiy of the service, or that -of the permanent disability that may result to the nmen so attacked.Despite tIhe eonscientious followinlg oult of treatmenit recomnmended, numerous cases continue to ocetur, and, in consequence, mnuch tllought was given to the conidition in the lhope that the true cause mialgt be founid.From October to the end of Decemiiber. 1915,I was attached to a regiment wliielh was lholditng a section of the line wlhere the conditions wero extreniely bad.DutringAugust and Septenlber and Ju-ly I lhad been attaclhed to othier regiments in the same salient, btut the conditions during tlese tlhree nmonthis were not comiiparable to those obtaining fromu the latter part of October to tIme end of December.During the earlier monthis the dug-out accom- inodafion wvas good, and men could lic down during the day time; but during the later period many of the dua- oiuts iad eithier fallen in or liad been blown in, the parapet in othier places liad fallen in owing to the wvet, and owing to difficulty in finding suitable soil it wvas not always possible to repair it.Tle men, therefore, during the day were unable to move about, and either had to stand or crouchi until niglhtfall.At nighit they usually slept in a Bitting pOSitiOnl, when they slept at all.Thje first case of trench foot I saw in October was that of a bomnber whlo lhad been oni duty thirouhli the nighit in a wet sap; and the next triree or four cases were also of bomibers who had been on duty in thlis sap, and thle succeeding cases were sentries whio had been in and about the entrance to this sal).In all these cases the history w-as identical.The mi1an liad felt little inconvenience, except thlat the feet felt like "1 pins and needles," and had " gone to sleep."Tlhere was time and opportunity for one m11an at a time to sit down and get his feet up, but this particular sap was in suchi a bad condition that the one man who could sit could not get hiis legs up.On comingn off duty in the nmorning th]ey were able to take their boots off, rub thleir feet, an1d turn in to a dug- out.In some of the dug-outs they could lie at fULll len]gth, in others they were semi-recumbent.Durinig their sleep, despite the fact that th1eir puttees were off, their socks chianged, and bootlaces slack, the feet swelled, became red and tender, and the Circulation in thiem was sluggisli.
Clinical spectrum and long-term follow-up of isolated mitral valve prolapse in 119 children.
Authors: G S Bisset, D C Schwartz, R A Meyer, F W James, S Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (1980)

One-hundred nineteen children with isolated mitral valve prolapse were studied in order to elucidate the clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, angiographic and exercise response manifestations and its natural history in childhood.The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 9.9 years, with a mean follow-up of 6.9 years.The diagnosis in 118 cases was based on characteristic auscultatory phenomena.Ninety-one percent (n = 84) of the patients undergoing echographic examination had documentation of mitral valve prolapse.The evaluation of these children also included routine ECGs (n = 116), thoracic roentgenograms (n = 106), cardiac catheterization (n = 16), and graded exercise testing (n = 43).Two patients re- quired antiarrhythmic medication for supraventricular tachycardia.No progression of mitral incompetence was observed, and there were no sudden deaths.One patient developed infective endocarditis and one had a cerebrovascular accident.We conclude that the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse can be made clinically by characteristic auscultatory phenomena and that "silent" mitral prolapse is rare in childhood.The prognosis of isolated mitral valve prolapse in children appears to be excellent.THE CLINICAL FEATURES of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) have been well described in adults,1'3 but little attention has been given to the spectrum of isolated MVP in children.4 7 We identified 118 children with the characteristic auscultatory features of MVP and one child with echocardiographic manifestations of prolapse, but an absence of clinical findings.In this study we analyze the clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, angiographic findings, exercise response, and natural history in these patients with MVP. Materials and MethodsOne hundred eighteen patients seen at Children's Hospital Medical Center had auscultatory evidence of a late systolic murmur, apical systolic nonejection click, or both.This study group represents all of the children referred to our institution between 1956 and 1977 who were recognized as having isolated MVP.Auscultation was performed in every case with the patient in the supine, left lateral decubitus, standing and squatting positions.The timing and intensity of the murmur/click complex responded charac- teristically to various postural maneuvers.8'B In every instance the patients were examined by one of the in- vestigators.We excluded from the study all patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal
Molecular adaptation of cellular defences following preconditioning of the heart by repeated ischaemia
Authors: D. K Das, R. M Engelman, Y. Kimura
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The molecular mechanism of preconditioning the heart by repeated ischaemia was investigated by examining the expression of stress related and antioxidative genes and proteins. Methods: Isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts were made ischaemic for 5 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion (1×PC). Another group of experiments was performed by repeating the ischaemia/reperfusion episode four times (4×PC). Both 1×PC and 4×PC groups were reperfused for 60 min. Control experiments were performed by perfusing the hearts with buffer using the same time frame, but without ischaemia/reperfusion. The induction of the expression of two oncogenes (c-fos and c-myc), three heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP 27, HSP 70, and HSP 89 mRNAs) and two antioxidative enzyme genes (Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase mRNAs) by northern hybridisation, as well as the activities of four major antioxidative enzymes (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were examined in control and 1×PC and 4×PC hearts. In addition, 2-D gel electrophoresis of the proteins in all groups was performed to examine the induction of any new protein. Myocardial preservation was studied by examining left ventricular functions. Results: Northern hybridisation detected enhanced level of c-fos 2.2 kb mRNA and c-myc 2.4 kb mRNA in 4XPC hearts after 60 min of reperfusion, induction being stronger for c-fos. I× PC hearts showed minimal expression of c-fos mRNA, but not c-myc mRNA. 4×PC hearts also showed the induction of HSP 27, HSP 70, and HSP 89 mRNAs as well as catalase and Mn-SOD mRNAs, whereas 1×PC hearts showed some induction of HSP 70 mRNA and catalase mRNA only. 2-D gel electrophoresis revealed the expression of 15-20 new proteins in 4×PC hearts only. The activities of three major antioxidative enzymes, Mn-SOD, peroxisomal catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, but not Cu/Zn-SOD, cytosolic catalase, and glutathione reductase, were enhanced after 60 min of reperfusion in 4×PC hearts only compared to both 1×PC and baseline values. 4×PC hearts, but not 1×PC hearts, showed reduction of subsequent myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury. Conclusions: Repeated ischaemia and reperfusion (4×PC), and not 1×PC, caused the induction of several stress related and antioxidant genes including HSP 27, 70, and 89 genes, Mn-SOD and catalase genes, and proto-oncogenes (c-fos and c-myc), as well as the expression of several stress inducible proteins and stimulation of three antioxidative enzymes, Mn-SOD, peroxisomal catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, simultaneously protecting the heart from subsequent ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The expression of stress inducible and antioxidant genes and stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities may reflect the heart's response enabling it to survive against ischaemic stress by eliminating the oxidative assault. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:578-584
Home-Based Exercise and Hip Fracture Rehabilitation
Authors: Umut Safer, Ilker Tasci, Vildan Binay Safer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal