tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromic Acid Treatment of Chronic Enlargements of the Tonsils.
Authors: F. E. Yoakum
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> Miss G. M., æt. 17, very small in stature, been delicate for several years. Tonsils very large, caused breathing through the mouth nearly entirely. They pressed against each other closely. Made a puncture with a small bistoury in one tonsil, then with a regular acid probe I heated or melted chromic acid crystals over a gas jet, until I had a nice smooth ball about the size of a small pea, which I carried into the punctured tonsil. Letting it remain a very short time after taking the probe out, I took up all excess of acid about the tonsil with absorbent cotton. The third day the patient presented herself with a large, deep slough from the centre of tonsil. After that healed I repeated the operation in the other tonsil, and continued until I had reduced them three-fourths their size. I have used this remedy in
Awakening Japan: The Diary of a German Doctor: Erwin Baelz
Authors: Ilza VEITH
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Within the rich store of writings— diaries and travel reports—of German physicians who spent various periods of their professional lives in Japan, Erwin Baelz's experience is the most exciting. In 1876, at the age of 27, Dr. Erwin Baelz left a promising medical career in Germany for an extraordinarily rich and useful medical life in Japan. Imbued with the wish to help the Japanese develop a modern system of medical education and practice, he succeeded in influencing directly and indirectly many hundreds of Japanese physicians, patients from among the nobility, and even the Imperial family. In doing so, he adapted himself to his chosen host-country where he learned to master the Japanese language and formed many warm friendships with Japanese. He married a Japanese girl of an excellent family and fathered two children, a boy and a girl. The son edits this informative and truly moving book, through which the
Skin sensitization: strategies for the assessment and management of risk
Authors: D.A. Basketter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is to a considerable extent a preventable disease. Limitation can be achieved by correct identification of skin sensitizers, characterization of their potency, understanding human skin exposure and application of good risk assessment/management strategies. Various methods exist which are accurate for the predictive identification of chemicals that possess skin-sensitizing properties. These are enshrined in regulations that aim to provide a harmonized approach to hazard identification. One of the methods, the local lymph node assay, also delivers information on the relative potency of sensitizers. Efforts are continuing in the European Union and at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to use elements of this information for regulatory categorization of skin sensitizers. However, greater use can be made of this potency information in the application of quantitative risk assessments. Such assessments depend also on the availability of accurate data on human skin exposure, one aspect where legislation has little role to play. Management of risks by restriction of skin exposure is, in contrast, a key point where legislation can play an important role, helping to establish a level playing field for industry and setting good standards based on the legislator's ability to access all data. Ultimately, the combination of accurate hazard identification, potency measurement, risk assessment and management, underpinned by enabling legislation, will lead to reduction of ACD. For individuals who do still develop contact allergy, avoidance of ACD should continue to be a goal, based on raising awareness of skin protection, allergen labelling and other skincare strategies.
Critically III Cancer Patients: Benefit and Expense-Reply
Authors: David V. Schapira
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Ostenson alludes to the fact that survival of the cancer patients in our study is comparable to that of critically ill patients with other medical disorders who are admitted to the ICU. Indeed, we noted in our study that the survival of our patients was comparable, if not superior, to that in other studies involving other medical conditions that addressed survival. We felt that the patient population we studied could be generalized to other institutions in that none of the patients studied were treated with therapies such as interleukin 2, hyperthermia, or bone marrow transplantation. In fact, we included patients who were admitted to the ICU for less than 24 hours for monitoring of cardiac arrythmias. If physicians in medical specialties were willing to demonstrate in previous studies that patients with medical conditions other than cancer who were admitted to the ICU had poor survival rates, we
Influence of glucagon-like peptide 1 on fasting glycemia in type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin after sulfonylurea secondary failure.
Authors: M A Nauck, A Sauerwald, R Ritzel, J J Holst, W Schmiegel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has glucose-dependent insulinotropic and glucagonostatic actions in type 2 diabetic patients on diet and on oral agents. It is not known, however, whether after secondary sulfonylurea failure, GLP-1 is still effective. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Therefore, 10 type 2 diabetic patients (6 women, 4 men; age 65+/-10 years, BMI 30.4+/-5.1 kg/m2, HbA1c 8.2+/-1.5%, 6+/-3 [2-13] years after starting insulin treatment) were examined in the fasting state after discontinuing NPH insulin on the evening before the two study days. GLP-1 (1.2 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) or placebo (NaCl with 1% human serum albumin) were infused over 6 h. Plasma glucose (glucose oxidase) insulin (IMx), and C-peptide (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Fasting plasma glucose was 9.4+/-0.5 mmol/l and was reduced by GLP-1 to 5.3+/-0.3 (3.9-7.3) mmol/l (placebo: 8.2+/-0.7 mmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). GLP-1 transiently increased insulin (from 115+/-31 to 222+/-64 pmol/l at 150 min; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and C-peptide (from 1.00+/-0.12 to 1.90+/-0.23 nmol/l at 120 min; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) with no effect of placebo. Glucagon and free fatty acids were lowered transiently. After normalization of plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations became lower again during the ongoing administration of exogenous GLP-1, and no hypoglycemia occurred. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that exogenous GLP-1 effectively lowers plasma glucose concentrations in advanced type 2 diabetes long after sulfonylurea secondary failure. These findings may broaden the applicability of GLP-1-derived drugs as a new treatment to nearly all type 2 diabetic patients.
Racial and ethnic distribution of nonalcoholic fatty liver in persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease
Authors: Shiobhan R. Weston, Wendy Leyden, Rose Murphy, Nathan M. Bass, Beth P. Bell, M. Michele Manos, Norah A. Terrault
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

We performed a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) identified between December 1998 and December 2000 in the Chronic Liver Disease Surveillance Study. We compared the demographic and clinical features of NAFLD in a racially diverse representative U.S. population (Alameda County, CA). Diagnostic criteria for probable NAFLD were persistent unexplained elevation of serum aminotransferase levels, radiology (ultrasound or computed tomography scan) consistent with fatty liver, and/or two or more of the following: (i) body mass index of 28 kg/m2 or more, (ii) type 2 diabetes, or (iii) hyperlipidemia, in the absence of significant alcohol use. Definite NAFLD cases required histological confirmation. Of the 742 persons with newly diagnosed chronic liver disease, 159 (21.4%) had definite or probable NAFLD. The majority were nonwhite: Hispanics (28%), Asians (18%), African Americans (3%), and other race(s) (6%). African Americans with NAFLD were significantly older than other racial or ethnic groups (P < .001), and in Asians, NAFLD was 3.5 times more common in males than in females (P = .016). Clinical correlates of NAFLD (obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes) were similar among racial and ethnic groups, except that body mass index was lower in Asians compared with other groups (P < .001). Compared with the base population (Kaiser Permanente members), Hispanics with NAFLD were overrepresented (28% vs. 10%) and whites were underrepresented (45% vs. 59%). In conclusion, these racial and gender variations may reflect differences in genetic susceptibility to visceral adiposity, including hepatic involvement, and may have implications for the evaluation of persons with the metabolic syndrome. Clinicians need to be aware of the variable presentations of NAFLD in different racial and ethnic groups. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:372–379.)
Effective Treatment of Preexisting Melanoma with Whole Cell Vaccines Expressing α(1,3)-Galactosyl Epitopes
Authors: Gabriela R. Rossi, Mario R. Mautino, Robert C. Unfer, Tatiana M. Seregina, Nicholas Vahanian, Charles J. Link
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The hyperacute immune response in humans is a potent mechanism of xenograft rejection mediated by complement-fixing natural antibodies recognizing α(1,3)-galactosyl epitopes (αGal) not present on human cells. We exploited this immune mechanism to create a whole cell cancer vaccine to treat melanoma tumors. B16 melanoma vaccines genetically engineered to express αGal epitopes (B16αGal) effectively treated preexisting s.c. and pulmonary αGal-negative melanoma (B16Null) tumors in the α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase knockout mouse model. T cells from mice vaccinated with B16αGal recognized B16Null melanoma cells measured by detection of intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α. We showed successful adoptive transfer of immunity to recipient mice bearing lung melanoma metastasis. Mice receiving lymphocytes from donors previously immunized with B16αGal had reduced pulmonary metastases. The transfer of lymphocytes from mice vaccinated with control vaccine had no effect in the pulmonary metastasis burden. This study unequivocally establishes for the first time efficacy in the treatment of preexisting melanoma tumors using whole cell vaccines expressing αGal epitopes. Vaccination with B16αgal induced strong long-lasting cell-mediated antitumor immunity extended to B16Null. These data formed the basis for the testing of this therapeutic strategy in human clinical trials currently under way.
National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis.
Authors: Henry Barton Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Baltimore, Md., Nov. 21, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At a meeting of the board of directors of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis in New York, Nov. 16, 1904, it was decided to hold the first annual meeting in Washington, D. C., May 16-17, 1905; having one or two general sessions with distinguished speakers on the broad topics of tuberculosis, and special meetings of the three following sections: sociologic, pathologic and bacteriologic, clinical and climatologic, and that, so far as possible, these sectional meetings should not conflict one with another, each section to be presided over by men distinguished jn their respective work, and only papers of undoubted merit and interest may be presented. The membership of the association includes a large proportion of the most eminent workers in the subject of tuberculosis throughout the country, and it hopes to make its first annual meeting an
Subcellular distribution of high-affinity type IV cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in rabbit ventricular myocardium: relations to the effects of cardiotonic drugs.
Authors: P A Kithas, M Artman, W J Thompson, S J Strada
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Rabbit ventricular myocardium contains distinct cytosolic and particulate cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activities that exhibit characteristics ascribed to a high-affinity type IV cAMP phosphodiesterase activity found in several tissues. The particulate activity associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles has an apparent Km for cAMP of about 0.3 microM and a Vmax of 2.45 +/- 0.55 nmol/min/mg. Cyclic GMP (cGMP) inhibits hydrolysis measured at 0.25 microM cAMP with an IC50 value of 0.28 microM. In comparison, a ventricular cytosolic high-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase activity obtained by anion exchange chromatography (Peak III) has an apparent Km of 0.93 microM and a Vmax of 17 +/- 1 nmol/min/mg. Hydrolysis of 0.25 microM cAMP by this cytosolic activity is weakly inhibited by cGMP with an IC50 value of 142 microM. Particulate enzyme activity is 60-fold more sensitive to inhibition by milrinone than is the cytosolic form (Ki = 0.18 versus 11 microM, respectively); the pyridazinone imazodan is a 12-fold more potent inhibitor of the particulate activity than of the cytosolic form (Ki = 1.5 versus 18 microM, respectively). Inhibition of both cytosolic and particulate enzyme activities appears competitive in nature. Solubilization of particulate activity did not significantly alter its affinity for substrate or sensitivity to inhibition by cGMP. In the presence of a submaximally activating concentration of forskolin (0.4 microM), selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors potentiated the activation of protein kinase in isolated ventricular septal slices. Under these conditions, changes in cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity ratios correlated more closely with contractile responses than did changes in intracellular content of cAMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a unique anti-AML immune therapy consisting of cord blood HSCT and cord blood stem cell-derived dendritic cell (CB-DC) vaccination
Authors: Colin de Haar, Maud Plantinga, Nina Blokland, Lotte Spel, Marianne Boes, Stefan Nierkens, Jaap Jan Boelens
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Development of novel (immune) therapies is of utmost importance to improve survival in relapsed pediatric-AML (acute myeloid leukemia). We aim to develop a powerful and safe therapy consisting of 2 synergistic components: Cord Blood (CB) HSCT and vaccination with CB-derived Wilms
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage in Infants
Authors: D. M. BEHRENDT, E. ABERDEEN, D. J. WATERSON, R. E. BONHAM-CARTER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Thirty-seven infants with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage have been operated upon at The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, with 13 survivors. Most were rapidly deteriorating when admitted. Cardiac catheterization, angiography, and operation were urgently undertaken to achieve the maximum salvage. Physical examination, plain radiography, and electrocardiography were insufficient for accurate diagnosis. Survival was closely related to the degree of pulmonary hypertension, which was dependent on the type of anomalous venous drainage and the presence of pulmonary venous obstruction. The prognosis was good for patients over 3 months of age, especially those without pulmonary venous obstruction, provided that they arrived in the hospital in reasonable condition. The best survival rate, nine of 11 cases, was achieved in those patients between 3 and 12 months of age with supracardiac drainage.
Macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not SR-BI, promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo
Authors: Xun Wang, Heidi L. Collins, Mollie Ranalletta, Ilia V. Fuki, Jeffrey T. Billheimer, George H. Rothblat, Alan R. Tall, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Macrophage ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and ABCG1 have been shown to promote cholesterol efflux to extracellular acceptors in vitro and influence atherosclerosis in mice, but their roles in mediating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from macrophages in vivo are unknown. Using an assay of macrophage RCT in mice, we found that primary macrophages lacking ABCA1 had a significant reduction in macrophage RCT in vivo, demonstrating the importance of ABCA1 in promoting macrophage RCT, however substantial residual RCT exists in the absence of macrophage ABCA1. Using primary macrophages deficient in SR-BI expression, we found that macrophage SR-BI, which was shown to promote cholesterol efflux in vitro, does not contribute to macrophage RCT in vivo. To investigate whether macrophage ABCG1 is involved in macrophage RCT in vivo, we used ABCG1-overexpressing, -knockdown, and -knockout macrophages. We show that increased macrophage ABCG1 expression significantly promoted while knockdown or knockout of macrophage ABCG1 expression significantly reduced macrophage RCT in vivo. Finally, we show that there was a greater decrease in macrophage RCT from cells where both ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression were knocked down than from ABCG1-knockdown cells. These results demonstrate that ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not SR-BI, promote macrophage RCT in vivo and are additive in their effects.
Technique of Venepuncture
Authors: C. B. V. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The technique observed is as follows: The current is administered in the normal manner; after the original muscular contraction and cry it is rapidly verified that the mouth gag is in correct position, has not shifted, and is firmly gripped.A Hewett gas-and-oxygen mask is then immediately placed over'the mouth and nose and kept firmly in position; the mask should be of sufficient size to cover the No. 9 size rubber gynaecological ring used as a mouth gag.The oxygen is turned on and the administration is continued throughout the clonic phase and until the patient has taken two or three normal respirations.
Development of Antibiotics
Authors: Norman W. Lavy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

III. Comments1 November 1978Development of AntibioticsNorman W. Lavy, M.D.Norman W. Lavy, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-864_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDr. Sande has emphasized the importance of pursuing, through controlled clinical research, the optimal therapeutic regimens for a number of relatively specialized site-organism categories. Dr. Christensen noted that to satisfy current regulatory requirements in bringing new antibiotics to market, industry must repetitively evaluate the same indications, redeveloping essentially the same kinds of data, the same kinds of efficacy information. Dr. Crout confirmed that for antibiotics, as for all other drugs, the law and the regulations do require "substantial evidence," consisting of adequate and well-controlled studies, before approval and marketing.By examining all aspects of this issue, is it possible that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: E.R. Squibb Co. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byB 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_2Page: 864-865KeywordsAntibioticsDrug marketingDrug regulationDrugs Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Color Atlas of Pathology. Vol III: Central Nervous System
Authors: Sigmund Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Residents in pathology have found the first two volumes of this series, with their unusually fine colored photographs, to be of great educational value. The opinions of such a critical group are not to be taken lightly. The present volume, devoted to lesions of the nervous system, measures up to its predecessors in every way. The accepted thousand-to-one rate of exchange between words and pictures was never better exemplified. The layout of the volume is attractive and the illustrations with their subdued pastel shades have esthetic appeal. An 11-year-old child who happened to see my copy was fascinated, having mistaken it for a superior coloring book. The text adjoining the pictures is of necessity rather sparse and does not provide sufficient supplemental information. The inadequate bibliography is also a considerable defect. Board-certified neuropathologists may look down on this atlas as an unwarranted oversimplification of their cherished domain. The average pathologist,
Symptomatic Hypoglycemia in NIDDM Patients Treated With Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Authors: Adrian M Jennings, R Malcolm Wilson, John D Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

We assessed the prevalence of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients (aged 40–65 yr) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) attending routine diabetes clinics at our hospital. Symptoms were experienced during the previous 6 mo in 41 of 203 (20.2%) patients treated with sulfonylureas but in none of the 16 patients treated with metformin alone. Hypoglycemic symptoms were experienced at least monthly in 5.9% and less frequently in 14.3% of patients. The prevalence of symptoms decreased with increasing duration of sulfonylurea administration (P &amp;lt; .01). Mean glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial plasma glucose were significantly lower in patients reporting hypoglycemic symptoms than in those without symptoms (P &amp;lt; .001). The prevalence of hypoglycemic symptoms was significantly higher in patients treated with glyburide than in patients treated with gliclazide (P &amp;lt; .01) or chlorpropamide (P &amp;lt; .05). The prevalence of symptoms was higher in patients taking medications in addition to OHAs (P &amp;lt; .01). Ten (24%) of the patients who experienced hypoglycemic symptoms were taking drugs that may potentiate sulfonylureas.
Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis. Final results of a multicenter double-blind placebo controled study
Authors: P Ginès, A Rimola, R Planas, V Vargas, M Forné, ML Miranda, L Rodrigo, A del Val, F Marco, H Almela, J Llach, JM Salmerón, M Esteve, A Ginès, JM Marqués, R Esteban, E Lissen, MT Jiménez, J Berenguer, V Arroyo, J Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)