tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric variceal hemorrhage in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Se Young Jang, Go Heun Kim, Soo Young Park, Chang Min Cho, Won Young Tak, Jeong Han Kim, Won Hyeok Choe, So Young Kwon, Jae Myeong Lee, Sang Gyune Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Young Seok Kim, Se-Ok Lee, Yang Won Min, Joon Hyeok Lee, Seung Woon Paik, Byung Chul Yoo, Jae Wan Lim, Hong Joo Kim, Yong Kyun Cho, Joo Hyun Sohn, Jae Yoon Jeong, Yu Hwa Lee, Tae Yeob Kim, Young Oh Kweon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Background/Aims This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) for the treatment of hemorrhage from gastric varices (GV) in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 183 LC patients who underwent BRTO for GV bleeding in 6 university-based hospitals between January 2001 and December 2010. Results Of the 183 enrolled patients, 49 patients had Child-Pugh (CP) class A LC, 105 had CP class B, and 30 had CP class C at the time of BRTO. BRTO was successfully performed in 177 patients (96.7%). Procedure-related complications (e.g., pulmonary thromboembolism and renal infarction) occurred in eight patients (4.4%). Among 151 patients who underwent follow-up examinations of GV, 79 patients (52.3%) achieved eradication of GV, and 110 patients (72.8%) exhibited marked shrinkage of the treated GV to grade 0 or I. Meanwhile, new-appearance or aggravation of esophageal varices (EV) occurred in 54 out of 136 patients who underwent follow-up endoscopy (41.2%). During the 36.0±29.2 months (mean±SD) of follow-up, 39 patients rebled (hemorrhage from GV in 7, EV in 18, nonvariceal origin in 4, and unknown in 10 patients). The estimated 3-year rebleeding-free rate was 74.8%, and multivariate analysis showed that CP class C was associated with rebleeding (odds ratio, 2.404; 95% confidence-interval, 1.013-5.704; P=0.047). Conclusions BRTO can be performed safely and effectively for the treatment of GV bleeding. However, aggravation of EV or bleeding from EV is not uncommon after BRTO; thus, periodic endoscopy to follow-up of EV with or without prophylactic treatment might be necessary in LC patients undergoing BRTO. Keywords: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration; Esophageal varices; Gastric varices; Liver cirrhosis; Variceal hemorrhage
Altered Expression of Tropomodulin in Cardiomyocytes Disrupts the Sarcomeric Structure of Myofibrils
Authors: Mark A. Sussman, Susanna Baqué, Chang-Sub Uhm, Mathew P. Daniels, Robert L. Price, David Simpson, Louis Terracio, Larry Kedes
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Tropomodulin is a tropomyosin-binding protein that terminates "pointed-end" actin filament polymerization. To test the hypothesis that regulation of tropomodulin:actin filament stoichiometry is critical for maintenance of actin filament length, tropomodulin levels were altered in cells by infection with recombinant adenoviral expression vectors, which produce either sense or antisense tropomodulin mRNA. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were infected, and sarcomeric actin filament organization was examined. Confocal microscopy indicated that overexpression of tropomodulin protein shortened actin filaments and caused myofibril degeneration. In contrast, decreased tropomodulin content resulted in the formation of abnormally long actin filament bundles. Despite changes in myofibril structure caused by altered tropomodulin expression, total protein turnover of the cardiomyocytes was unaffected. Biochemical analyses of infected cardiomyocytes indicated that changes in actin distribution, rather than altered actin content, accounted for myofibril reorganization. Ultrastructural analysis showed thin-filament disarray and revealed the presence of leptomeres after tropomodulin overexpression. Tropomodulin-mediated effects constitute a novel mechanism to control actin filaments, and our findings demonstrate that regulated tropomodulin expression is necessary to maintain stabilized actin filament structures in cardiac muscle cells.
Elevated Serum Enzyme Levels Associated with Hypokalemia.
Authors: Frank A. Graig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Elevated Serum Enzyme Levels Associated with Hypokalemia.Frank A. Graig, M.D., F.A.C.P., F. Michael Jacobius, M.D.Frank A. Graig, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, F. Michael Jacobius, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1059_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevation of several serum enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase) was noted in 50% of patients when serum potassium levels were below 3 mEq/liter. The elevation of enzyme levels was independent of the etiology of hypokalemia, occurring with or without clinical muscle weakness or characteristic electrocardiographic changes. Successful potassium replacement was associated with a rapid fall of enzymes to normal levels. Although isoenzyme studies were not performed, no other apparent reason was found for the elevated serum enzyme levels. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the ratio of intracellular-extracellular potassium (K,/Ke) is crucial for the integrity... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank A. Graig, M.D., F.A.C.P.; F. Michael Jacobius, M.D.Affiliations: Valhalla, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypokalemia causing rhabdomyolysis resulting in life-threatening hyperkalemiaAcute renal failure due to non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1059-1059KeywordsAminotransferasesCreatineDehydrogenasesElectrocardiographyEnzymesEtiologyFallsMusclesPotassium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Commissions for complaints.
Authors: M Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Brucellosis in Britain is usually caused by Bruceila abortus and mainly affects those in direct contact with cattle or their un pasteurised milk products.1 2 Bone and joint brucellosis consti? tutes about 9% of brucellosis infections and the spine is the commonest site of skeletal infection.1 3 Brucellar spondylitis most often presents with back pain and leg pain, resembling an inter vertebral disc protrusion. Girdle pain has been reported.1 2 4 Para vertebral abscesses are uncommon in brucellosis.4 It is most unusual for brucellar spondylitis to present as right upper quadrant pain. A paravertebral abscess could produce nerve root and diaphragmatic irritation, resulting in right hypochondrial pain with radiation to the right shoulder tip. In skeletal brucel? losis the cultures are frequently negative in keeping with the late stage of the disease.3 4 Early serological studies may be crucial to the diagnosis. Treatment with tetracylines and streptomycin is successful in most cases.1-4 Surgery is indicated for spinal brucellosis only if there is instability, vertebral collapse with cord compression, or failure of a thick walled paravertebral abscess to respond to medical treatment.4
The Microcirculation in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1974)

No longer remote or clinically esoteric, the microcirculation is a dynamic component of the cardiovascular circulation. This informative volume on the microcirculation ties together its history and recent developments in both research and clinical therapy, expands the clinician's horizons, and stimulates new ideas on the relationships of this previously overlooked system to health and disease. The book will help the able clinician to analyze and treat such conditions as diabetes mellitus, renal disease, tissue transplants, collagen vascular disorders, peripheral arterial ischemic disease, diseases of the small coronary arteries, pulmonary disease, hypertension, cancer, disorders of blood, brain, retina, and bulbar conjunctiva. These topics, covered in well-written clinical chapters, are preceded by basic chapters on anatomy, ultrastructure of the microvascular bed, functional aspects of circulation, and other material that provides better understanding of the clinically oriented applications. This multiauthored book, with its galaxy of seasoned contributors, covers many areas of special interest.
MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH ANGINA AND BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: NEW DATA FROM EXTENDED FOLLOW-UP OF THE INTERNATIONAL VERAPAMIL/TRANDOLAPRIL STUDY
Authors: David E. Winchester, Yan Gong, Rhonda Cooper-DeHoff, Eileen Handberg, Carl Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Hypercalciuria and Hyperuricosuria in Patients with Calcium Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Fredric L. Coe, Allan G. Kavalach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

MOUNTING evidence indicates that two disorders, idiopathic hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria, account for approximately 65 per cent of calcium stones in patients without a better known cause of nephrolithiasis. Of 230 patients studied during the past five years in the Michael Reese Hospital kidney-stone program, only 84 had a well established cause of stones (Table 1). The urine of the remaining 146 patients, who would usually be considered to have idiopathic recurrent stone formation,1 contained excessive amounts of calcium and uric acid. Because it has become clear that both hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria can participate in the formation of calcium stones, it . . .
Cytotoxic activity of Propionibacterium acnes and other skin organisms
Authors: R.P. ALLAKER, J. GREENMAN, R.H. OSBORNE, J.I. GOWERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Culture supernatants from four species of skin micro-organisms were tested against VERO (monkey kidney cells) and skin fibroblasts for cytotoxic activity. Cytotoxic activity was produced by the three species of Propionibacterium tested (P. acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum), and this activity was highest when cultures were grown in the presence of glucose. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis was devoid of cytotoxic activity whether grown in the presence of glucose or not. The agent responsible for the cytotoxic activity was heat stable, of low molecular weight and removable from supernatants by ether extraction. These properties, coupled with the finding that the levels of cytotoxicity are directly proportional to the concentrations of propionate measured in samples, suggests that propionate is the agent responsible for the cytotoxicity of the culture supernatants. Pure propionate and the salts of other carboxylic acids (CI to C5) were tested at the same concentrations and showed different degrees of cytotoxicity depending on their chain length. Propionate may have an important role in the aetiology of the disease acne vulgaris.
Dual T cell receptor alpha chain T cells in autoimmunity.
Authors: J I Elliott, D M Altmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Allelic exclusion at the T cell receptor alpha locus TCR-alpha is incomplete, as demonstrated by the presence of a number of T lymphocyte clones carrying two expressed alpha chain products. Such dual alpha chain T cells have been proposed to play a role in autoimmunity, for example, because of a second TCR-alpha beta pair having bypassed negative selection by virtue of low expression. We examined this hypothesis by generating mice of various autoimmunity-prone strains carrying a hemizygous targeted disruption of the TCR-alpha locus, therefore unable to produce dual alpha chain T cells. Normal mice have a low but significant proportion of T cells expressing two cell-surface TCR-alpha chains that could be enumerated by comparison to TCR-alpha hemizygotes, which have none. Susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases was analyzed in TCR-alpha hemizygotes that had been backcrossed to disease-prone strains for several generations. The incidence of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and of lupus is not affected by the absence of dual TCR-alpha cells. In contrast, nonobese diabetic (NOD) TCR alpha hemizygotes are significantly protected from cyclophosphamide-accelerated insulitis and diabetes. Thus, dual alpha T cells may play an important role in some but not all autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, since protected and susceptible NOD mice both show strong spontaneous responses to glutamic acid decarboxylase, responses to this antigen, if necessary for diabetetogenesis, are not sufficient.
Optimizing Glioblastoma Temozolomide Chemotherapy Employing Lentiviral-based Anti-MGMT shRNA Technology
Authors: Thomas Viel, Parisa Monfared, Sonja Schelhaas, Inga B Fricke, Michael T Kuhlmann, Cornel Fraefel, Andreas H Jacobs
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Despite treatments combining surgery, radiation-, and chemotherapy, patients affected by glioblastoma (GBM) have a limited prognosis. Addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiation therapy is the standard therapy in clinical application, but effectiveness of TMZ is limited by the tumor's overexpression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). The goal of this study was to use the highly specific and efficient RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to modulate MGMT expression to increase TMZ efficiency in chemotherapy resistant GBM. Using lentiviral-based anti-MGMT small hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology we observed a specific inhibition of the MGMT expression in GBM cell lines as well as in subcutaneous tumors. Tumor growth inhibition was observed following TMZ treatment of xenografts with low MGMT expression in contrast to xenografts with high MGMT expression. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) measurements indicated that luciferase and shRNA-expressing lentiviruses were able to efficiently transduce the GBM xenografts in vivo. Treatment combining injection of a lentivirus expressing an anti-MGMT shRNA and TMZ induced a reduction of the size of the tumors, in contrast with treatment combining the lentivirus expressing the control shRNA and TMZ. Our data suggest that anti-MGMT shRNA therapy could be used in combination with TMZ chemotherapy in order to improve the treatment of resistant GBM. Despite treatments combining surgery, radiation-, and chemotherapy, patients affected by glioblastoma (GBM) have a limited prognosis. Addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to radiation therapy is the standard therapy in clinical application, but effectiveness of TMZ is limited by the tumor's overexpression of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). The goal of this study was to use the highly specific and efficient RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to modulate MGMT expression to increase TMZ efficiency in chemotherapy resistant GBM. Using lentiviral-based anti-MGMT small hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology we observed a specific inhibition of the MGMT expression in GBM cell lines as well as in subcutaneous tumors. Tumor growth inhibition was observed following TMZ treatment of xenografts with low MGMT expression in contrast to xenografts with high MGMT expression. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) measurements indicated that luciferase and shRNA-expressing lentiviruses were able to efficiently transduce the GBM xenografts in vivo. Treatment combining injection of a lentivirus expressing an anti-MGMT shRNA and TMZ induced a reduction of the size of the tumors, in contrast with treatment combining the lentivirus expressing the control shRNA and TMZ. Our data suggest that anti-MGMT shRNA therapy could be used in combination with TMZ chemotherapy in order to improve the treatment of resistant GBM.
Cyclophosphamide vs Melphalan in Treatment of Plasma Cell Myeloma
Authors: Shirley L. Rivers
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The Veterans Administration Cancer Chemotherapy Group and the Pacific Veterans Administration Chemotherapy Group compared daily orally administered doses of cyclophosphamide and melphalan in the treatment of plasma cell myeloma, in a randomized double-blind study. Of the 150 patient studies, 33 were inadequate trials and 14 patients were removed. There were no complete remissions. Of the 50 adequate trials with cyclophosphamide there were nine partial remissions and 19 questionable responses. Of the 53 adequate trials with melphalan there were eight partial remissions and 13 questionable responses. Toxicity was similar except for more thrombocytopenia in the melphalan treated group. The median survival was 12.3 months in the group receiving cyclophosphamide and 15.5 months in the patients receiving melphalan, a statistically insignificant difference. Both drugs appear to be equally effective in the treatment of myeloma.
Enhancement of hypoxemia by right-to-left atrial shunting in severe asthma
Authors: R. Robert, J. Ferrandis, F. Malin, D. Herpin, O. Pourrat
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1994)

We report two cases of severe hypoxemia due to right-to-left shunt in acute asthmatic patients. During acute asthma, the transmural right atrial pressure can be higher than left atrial pressure during inspiration and then induce a right-to-left shunt through inter-atrial communication leading to hypoxemia. Contrast echography as well as Doppler analysis can easily confirm the diagnosis.
In Vivo RNAi Screening Identifies a Leukemia-Specific Dependence on Integrin Beta 3 Signaling
Authors: Peter G. Miller, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Kimberly A. Hartwell, Lisa P. Chu, Marcus Järås, Rishi V. Puram, Alexandre Puissant, Kevin P. Callahan, John Ashton, Marie E. McConkey, Luke P. Poveromo, Glenn S. Cowley, Michael G. Kharas, Myriam Labelle, Sebastian Shterental, Joji Fujisaki, Lev Silberstein, Gabriela Alexe, Muhammad A. Al-Hajj, Christopher A. Shelton, Scott A. Armstrong, David E. Root, David T. Scadden, Richard O. Hynes, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Kimberly Stegmaier, Craig T. Jordan, Benjamin L. Ebert
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Making sense of health estimates
Authors: Irene Agyepong, Tumani Corrah, Yan Guo, Bruce Hollingsworth, Michael Klag, Kim Longfield, Maria de Fatima Marinho de Souza, Peter Piot, J V R Prasada Rao, John-Arne Røttingen, Peter Smith, Marc Sprenger, Trevor Sutton, Sarah Curran, Edmond S W Ng
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
German Medical Group: Apology for Nazi Physicians’ Actions, Warning for Future
Authors: Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessing the Effectiveness of Community Screening Programs
Authors: David Cadman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Community screening programs seek to detect disorders or risk factors in seemingly healthy persons. The following seven guidelines for determining whether a screening program is likely to be effective are proposed and discussed: (1) Has the effectiveness of the program been demonstrated in a randomized trial? (2) Are efficacious treatments available? (3) Does the burden of suffering warrant screening? (4) Is there a good screening test? (5) Does the program reach those who could benefit? (6) Can the health system cope with the program? (7) Do persons with positive screenings comply with advice and interventions? (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1580-1585)
miR-28-5p Promotes Chromosomal Instability in <i>VHL</i>-Associated Cancers by Inhibiting Mad2 Translation
Authors: Michael P. Hell, Claudio R. Thoma, Niklaus Fankhauser, Yann Christinat, Thomas C. Weber, Wilhelm Krek
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Chromosomal instability enables tumor development, enabled in part by aberrant expression of the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2. Here we identify a novel regulatory mechanism for Mad2 expression involving miR-28-5p-mediated inhibition of Mad2 translation, and we demonstrate that this mechanism is triggered by inactivation of the tumor suppressor VHL, the most common event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In VHL-positive cancer cells, enhanced expression of miR-28-5p diminished Mad2 levels and promoted checkpoint weakness and chromosomal instability. Conversely, in checkpoint-deficient VHL-negative renal carcinoma cells, inhibition of miR-28-5p function restored Mad2 levels, mitotic checkpoint proficiency, and chromosomal stability. Notably, chromosome missegregation errors and aneuploidy that were produced in a mouse model of acute renal injury (as a result of kidney-specific ablation of pVHL function) were reverted in vivo also by genetic inhibition of miR-28-5p. Finally, bioinformatic analyses in human ccRCC associated loss of VHL with increased miR-28-5p expression and chromosomal instability. Together, our results defined miR-28-5p as a critical regulator of Mad2 translation and mitotic checkpoint function. By identifying a potential mediator of chromosomal instability in VHL-associated cancers, our work also suggests a novel microRNA-based therapeutic strategy to target aneuploid cells in VHL-associated cancers. Cancer Res; 74(9); 2432–43. ©2014 AACR.
Reversible Gastric and Pancreatic Hyposecretion after Long-Term Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Donald P. Kotler, Gary M. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Total parenteral nutrition is a major advance in nutritional support, but is not without deleterious effects.1 Several animal studies have shown reversible functional and structural gastrointestinal atrophy in response to total parenteral nutrition.2 3 4 We report reversibility of gastric and pancreatic hyposecretion in a man who resumed an oral diet after two years of home parenteral nutrition as the sole source of calories.Case ReportA 28-year-old man was admitted to the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital because of multiple vertebral compression fractures. He had a seven-year history of Crohn's disease with extensive small-bowel involvement. Despite prolonged treatment with prednisone and sulfasalazine, . . .