tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Glycosaminoglycans of Normal and Arthritic Cartilage
Authors: Henry J. Mankin, Louis Lippiello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The cartilages from the hip joints of 13 normal and 15 osteoarthritic humans were analyzed for glycosaminoglycan content and distribution. The GAGs were separated by elution with CPC on a short cellulose column by the technique of Svejcar and Robertson after digestion of the tissue with pronase and papain. The eluates were identified by a variety of methods including determination of molar ratios, N-acetyl-hexosamine determinations after hyaluronidase treatment and thin-layer chromatography of unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed GAGs. From the data obtained, it was demonstrated that cartilage from arthritic patients showed a significant increase in the concentration of chondroitin 4-sulfate and a significant decrease in keratan sulfate, with only slight changes in the total amount of GAG present. Calculations of the molar ratios showed variation in the sulfation with chondroitin 4-sulfate appearing in the "supersulfated" state in the arthritic cartilage. The data lead to speculation regarding the process of osteoarthritis, and it is concluded that the changes seen are more likely to represent an altered pattern of synthesis rather than selective degradation. Since the changes suggest a younger cartilage, a theory is advanced that the chondrocyte responds to the chronic stress of osteoarthritis by modulation to a chondroblastic phase.
Metabolic enzyme activity in the quadriceps femoris muscle in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: P Jakobsson, L Jorfeldt, J Henriksson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Eighteen patients with severe COPD and seven healthy control subjects 64.0 +/- 2.2 and 66.8 +/- 1.4 yr of age, respectively (mean +/- SEM), were investigated. Arterial blood gas analysis, dynamic lung volumes, and muscle biopsy specimens from the quadriceps femoris muscle were performed. The muscle biopsies were analyzed for citrate synthase (CS), succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and related to protein content. The PFK activity was higher in the COPD group than in the control group (+34%, p < 0.05). CS showed a group difference in the opposite direction (-29%, p < 0.05). LDH activity followed PFK and tended to be higher in the patient group (+27%, NS), whereas SDH (-31%, NS) and HAD (-28%, NS) mirrored the CS results. Muscle protein concentration tended to be lower in the COPD group (-14%, NS). There were no significant changes in enzyme activity after 7 mo of long-term oxygen therapy (n = 6). These results indicate adaptation in the form of augmented glycolysis (PFK), and decreased aerobic metabolism (CS) in the quadriceps femoris muscle in patients with advanced COPD.
The Fundamentalist and the Iconoclast: H.A. Kelly and H.L. Mencken
Authors: Laurence E. Karp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

DURING the first 30 years of this century, one of the most prominent residents of the city of Baltimore was Dr. Howard A. Kelly, professor of gynecology at Johns Hopkins University. Kelly's work and interests, however, were by no means solely confined to medicine. His efforts in the field of religion-oriented civic uplift frequently drew him into fierce combat with another noted Baltimore citizen, the journalist Henry L. Mencken. For many years, Kelly and Mencken provided Baltimore and the nation with some of the most enlightening and entertaining debate ever encountered in any city at any time.Howard Kelly was . . .
Standards of Care in Anaesthesia
Authors: John H. Eichhorn
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The title of this useful and interesting British book from the Royal London Hospital is significantly misleading and may reflect more marketing department than editorial department influence at the publishing house. "Standards of care" is a field that has evolved, both in the United States and the United Kingdom, with very specific meanings in the medical-legal and quality assurance/quality improvement arenas, but which this book does not directly address. Anesthesia has been the unquestioned leader among medical specialties in implementing meaningful standards of practice, heightening the draw of the title. However, this book actually is a compendium of the authors' opinions about what constitute the basic minimum elements of modern anesthesia care. It almost could function as a reasonable basic text and will be suitable reading for anyone learning or reviewing anesthesiology. Further, the British slant itself is often interesting, at times appearing somewhat naive compared to 1992 US reality,
Genomic Organization and Evolution of the Vomeronasal Type 2 Receptor-Like (OlfC) Gene Clusters in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar
Authors: Kimberley A. Johnstone, Kate L. Ciborowski, Krzysztof P. Lubieniecki, William Chow, Ruth B. Phillips, Ben F. Koop, William C. Jordan, William S. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

There are three major multigene superfamilies of olfactory receptors (OR, V1R, and V2R) in mammals. The ORs are expressed in the main olfactory organ, whereas the V1Rs and V2Rs are located in the vomeronasal organ. Fish only possess one olfactory organ in each nasal cavity, the olfactory rosette; therefore, it has been proposed that their V2R-like genes be classified as olfactory C family G protein-coupled receptors (OlfC). There are large variations in the sizes of OR gene repertoires. Previous studies have shown that fish have between 12 and 46 functional V2R-like genes, whereas humans have lost all functional V2Rs, and frog sp. have more than 240. Pseudogenization of V2R genes is a prevalent event across species. In the mouse and frog genomes, there are approximately double the number of pseudogenes compared with functional genes. An oligonucleotide probe was designed from a conserved sequence from four Atlantic salmon OlfC genes and used to screen the Atlantic salmon bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. Hybridization-positive BACs were matched to fingerprint contigs, and representative BACs were shotgun cloned and sequenced. We identified 55 OlfC genes. Twenty-nine of the OlfC genes are classified as putatively functional genes and 26 as pseudogenes. The OlfC genes are found in two genomic clusters on chromosomes 9 and 20. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the OlfC genes could be divided into 10 subfamilies, with nine of these subfamilies corresponding to subfamilies found in other teleosts and one being salmon specific. There is also a large expansion in the number of OlfC genes in one subfamily in Atlantic salmon. Subfamily gene expansions have been identified in other teleosts, and these differences in gene number reflect species-specific evolutionary requirements for olfaction. Total RNA was isolated from the olfactory epithelium and other tissues from a presmolt to examine the expression of the odorant genes. Several of the putative OlfC genes that we identified are expressed only in the olfactory epithelium, consistent with these genes encoding odorant receptors.
INFLUENCE OF THE STATIC IMAGES THAT EVOKE ILLUSORY MOTION PERCEPTION ON THE EYE MOVEMENTS AND THE BODY SWAY
Authors: Y Inoue
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Previous studies suggested that eye movements might be one of the factors that static images evoke illusory motion perception. The influence that visual information gives to posture control is also known to be big. However, the relationship between the posture control and the illusory motion perceptions has not been clear well. Therefore we examined how static illusory motion images affected the body sway and the eye movements. Seven participants (20±2 years old) took part in the experiment. Wavy image (W condition), two types of parallel images (P1, P2 condition), and expanded image (E condition) were used as four conditions that evoke illusory motion perception. One plain image was used as the control condition (CON condition) that does not evoke illusory motion perception. Participant was instructed to stand on a pressure sensor plate and viewed the images by a 46 inches monitor. Each image was presented for 2 minutes. Participants' postural movements were measured with centre of plantar pressure (COP) by a pressure sensor plate. The eye movements were measured with horizontal electro-oculogram. Comparing four illusory conditions, many participants reported that more illusory motion perception was evoked with W and E1 conditions. The number of horizontal eye movements was larger with W condition (p&lt;0.01) and E1 condition (p&lt;0.05) than with CON condition. Although no significant differences between the five conditions were observed on the total movement distance of the COP, the movements to swing of the COP of W condition tended to be different from that of CON condition. Although the COP of CON condition tended to sway slow and big, the COP of W condition tended to sway very smaller and fast. Our results suggested that the static images that evoke illusory motion perception more would induce faster eye movements and that these quick eye movements might induce small and fast body sway.
Points: Coventry: a no drinking-driving city by the year 2000?
Authors: M A Waldram
Journal: BMJ (1987)

s eloquent description of Mary McDaid, dead in bed at 33 (25 July, p 265), set me thinking about where Mary and her like were represented in the evaluation of a shared diabetes care scheme reported by Dr John Day's group (20 June, p 1590)-perhaps among those for whom it was agreed that "improved control could not be achieved" or among the 40-60% of patients who do not consult specialists for diabetes care?The authors do not tell us how many patients fell into each group, nor how they fared over the next two years.The disappointing physical deterioration that occurred over the two years might have been mainly in that group where doctors had settled for poorer blood glucose control.The authors, and others (18 July, p 214), have proposed various solutions to improve the organisation of diabetic care including "greater con- centration on patient advice."Attempts at blanket patient advice have not met with much success in changing patient behaviour, and it would seem rational to tailor the advice to the specific needs of different groups of patients.We should take Mary's statement, that "it was all right for doctors with their fancy talk," into account in her management.Studies of patient outcome would also be better interpreted if they classified patients by their health beliefs and health seeking behaviour as well as their blood glucose values, and took this classification into account in the analysis.
New steroids and new salicylates in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical appraisal
Authors: M Campieri
Journal: Gut (2002)

Although new salicylates are now available for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, sulphasazaline still has an important therapeutic role. The role of salicylates in Crohn9s disease is limited to the mild activity phase; further data are required to clarify its role in maintenance on remission. New steroids are a real alternative to traditional steroids in active ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease.
Septic Complications of War Wounds
Authors: Myron J. Tong
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Wound and blood cultures were obtained from 30 US marines with severe combat-inflicted extremity injuries. On admission to the hospital, the predominant organisms isolated from the wounds were gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacter and Mimeae groups,<i>Escherichia coli</i>, and<i>Klebsiella</i>. By the fifth hospital day, a significant increase in the number of wounds yielding<i>Pseudomonas</i>and<i>Proteus organisms</i>was noted. Twelve of 30 patients developed positive blood cultures. Enterobacter and Mimeae were most frequently cultured from the bloodstream. In eight instances, the same strain of gram-negative bacteria was isolated from the wounds and blood. Three patients died in gram-negative septicemia. Recommendations for initial antibiotic therapy in severely wounded patients in a combat area are presented.
Remission of a Refractory, Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma after Treatment with Daclizumab
Authors: Ola Lindén
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: A 37-year-old woman who delivered her first child in June 2002 presented in September 2002 with an axillary mass, a fever, and chills. A biopsy revealed an anaplastic large-cell lymp...
Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Lipids and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
Authors: Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Jay R. Desai, Stanley Xu, Glenn K. Goodrich, Emily B. Schroeder, Gregory A. Nichols, Jodi Segal, Melissa G. Butler, Andrew J. Karter, John F. Steiner, Katherine M. Newton, Leo S. Morales, Ram D. Pathak, Abraham Thomas, Kristi Reynolds, H. Lester Kirchner, Beth Waitzfelder, Jennifer Elston Lafata, Renuka Adibhatla, Zhiyuan Xu, Patrick J. O’Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among adults with diabetes with or without CV disease (CVD) associated with inadequately controlled glycated hemoglobin (A1C), high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), high blood pressure (BP), and current smoking. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study subjects included 859,617 adults with diabetes enrolled for more than 6 months during 2005–2011 in a network of 11 U.S. integrated health care organizations. Inadequate risk factor control was classified as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, A1C ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, or smoking. Major CV events were based on primary hospital discharge diagnoses for myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, or heart failure (HF). Five-year incidence rates, rate ratios, and average attributable fractions were estimated using multivariable Poisson regression models. RESULTS Mean (SD) age at baseline was 59 (14) years; 48% of subjects were female, 45% were white, and 31% had CVD. Mean follow-up was 59 months. Event rates per 100 person-years for adults with diabetes and CVD versus those without CVD were 6.0 vs. 1.7 for MI/ACS, 5.3 vs. 1.5 for stroke, 8.4 vs. 1.2 for HF, 18.1 vs. 40 for all CV events, and 23.5 vs. 5.0 for all-cause mortality. The percentages of CV events and deaths associated with inadequate risk factor control were 11% and 3%, respectively, for those with CVD and 34% and 7%, respectively, for those without CVD. CONCLUSIONS Additional attention to traditional CV risk factors could yield further substantive reductions in CV events and mortality in adults with diabetes.
General anaesthesia in sickle-cell disease.
Authors: J Homi, J Reynolds, A Skinner, W Hanna, G Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (1979)

General anaesthesia was administered on 284 occasions to 200 patients with sickle-cell disease at one hospital during July 1958 to June 1978. No intraoperative but six postoperative deaths occurred. The management of anaesthesia may have contributed to two of the postoperative deaths. Clinically uneventful anaesthesia did not appear to provoke severe sickling crises or to be responsible for mortality, but a contribution to postoperative morbidity could not be excluded. A simple, careful anaesthetic technique and selective but not routine blood transfusion appears to be associated with minimal anaesthetic morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle-cell disease.
Intensifying glucose control and adding fenofibrate to simvastatin each reduced progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: David L. Bronson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 November 2010Intensifying glucose control and adding fenofibrate to simvastatin each reduced progression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetesDavid L. Bronson, MD, FACPDavid L. Bronson, MD, FACPCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (D.L.B.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-10-201011160-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationThe ACCORD Study Group and ACCORD Eye Study Group. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:233-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20587587Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2545-59. [PMID: 18539917] Google Scholar2 Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, et al. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:419-30. [PMID: 20594588] Google Scholar3 American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:S11-61. [PMID: 20042772] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (D.L.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 November 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfluence of HbA1c on short-term blood pressure variability in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy 16 November 2010Volume 153, Issue 10Page: JC5-10KeywordsDiabetic retinopathyDyslipidemiaGlucoseHbA1cMortalityMyocardial infarctionRenal diseasesRetinopathyStatinsType 2 diabetes ePublished: 16 November 2010 Issue Published: 16 November 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Patient of gynaecologist who was struck off has been denied justice
Authors: A R Crawfurd
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Roach has reported on the government inquiry into the serious malpractice of Rodney Ledward, a consultant gynaecologist in Kent who was struck off the medical register.1 In his news article Roach cited four cases that he presumably thought were of a particularly scandalous nature. One of these …
Responsibility and Crime
Authors: A. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1901)

THE reoent discovery of specific precipitins which act upon various bacterial products-milks, peptone, egg albumen, and different kinds of blood-has led us to undertake the investi- gations which are here presented in abstract.A complete review of the literature of the subject, as also a detailed report upon our experiments, will appear in the forthcoming number of the Journal of Hygiene..We have injected rabbits intraperitoneally with horse, dog, ox, sheep, and human serum, and have been able to observe the formation of specific precipitins in their blood.The anti- serums from these animals have been tried on twenty-four different bloods with uniformly negative results, when we except the slight action exerted by the antiserum for human blood upon the blood of two species of monkey.In this case a slight reactionwas obtained which could not be compared in intensity with that shown on the addition of the antiserum to human blood.A slight clouding was produced by the antiserum for ox blood when added to sheep's serum and vice
High or low doses of almitrine bismesylate in ARDS patients responding to inhaled NO and receiving norepinephrine?
Authors: A. Roch, L. Papazian, F. Bregeon, M. Gainnier, P. Michelet, X. Thirion, P. Saux, P. Thomas, Y. Jammes, J.-P. Auffray
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
CBT could benefit patients with schizophrenia who do not take medication, research says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) could be used to reduce psychotic symptoms and improve functioning in patients with schizophrenia who cannot or do not want to take antipsychotic drug treatment, says a study published in the Lancet .1

Combining CBT with antipsychotic drugs is known to help people with schizophrenia, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has recommended that all patients with schizophrenia should be offered CBT and not just drug therapy.2 However, the feasibility and effectiveness of using CBT in people with schizophrenia who are not taking medication have not been previously tested.

The UK researchers randomised a group of 74 patients …
Lung Volumes in Diffuse Obstructive Pulmonary Syndromes
Authors: A. C. Young, C. J. Martin, S. Tsunoda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Lung volumes in irreversible diffuse obstructive pulmonary syndromes (DOPS(I)) have been studied by using an analog of the lung that simulates an 18-breath nitrogen washout. The functional residual capacity (FRC), the dead space volume (Vd), the distribution of ventilation, as well as the pattern of lung emptying have been measured in normal subjects and those with obstructive syndromes. The Vd increased progressively with severity of the obstructive syndrome, as did FRC. For all subjects, both normal and obstructed, the ratio of Vd/FRC remained relatively fixed with the regression line of Vd upon FRC showing a minimal value for Vd of 67 cm(3). Vd increased by an average value of 33 cm(3) per liter of lung volume above this value. The increase in FRC resulted from the increased volume of the poorly ventilated compartment for the most part. X-ray evidence of emphysema was poorly correlated with the changes in Vd or FRC. A significant increase in anatomical Vd in DOPS(I) makes up an appreciable portion of the total Vd (physiological).
Mouse Inscuteable Induces Apical-Basal Spindle Orientation to Facilitate Intermediate Progenitor Generation in the Developing Neocortex
Authors: Maria Pia Postiglione, Christoph Jüschke, Yunli Xie, Gerald A. Haas, Christoforos Charalambous, Juergen A. Knoblich
Journal: Neuron (2011)

SummaryNeurons in the mammalian neocortex arise from asymmetric divisions of progenitors residing in the ventricular zone. While in most progenitor divisions, the mitotic spindle is parallel to the ventricular surface, some progenitors reorient the spindle and divide in oblique orientations. Here, we use conditional deletion and overexpression of mouse Inscuteable (mInsc) to analyze the relevance of spindle reorientation in cortical progenitors. Mutating mInsc almost abolishes oblique and vertical mitotic spindles, while mInsc overexpression has the opposite effect. Our data suggest that oblique divisions are essential for generating the correct numbers of neurons in all cortical layers. Using clonal analysis, we demonstrate that spindle orientation affects the rate of indirect neurogenesis, a process where progenitors give rise to basal progenitors, which in turn divide symmetrically into two differentiating neurons. Our results indicate that the orientation of progenitor cell divisions is important for correct lineage specification in the developing mammalian brain.Highlights•mInsc is a functional homolog of Drosophila Inscuteable•mInsc regulates spindle orientation during mouse neurogenesis•Spindle orientation regulates the balance between direct and indirect neurogenesis