tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vegetable consumption and acute appendicitis.
Authors: J Black
Journal: BMJ (1986)

any drug, even if marketed for many years, should be reported: its motto is "when in doubt report."5We have done this.It is for others to decide its importance.We, however, still find the association of such a rare disorder with a drug used much less commonly than aspirin or multivitamin preparations a cause for concern and further vigilance, especially as three cases have been reported from Edinburgh alone.It is notable that other authors have also found this association worthy of comment.
Phentolamine blocks ATP sensitive potassium channels in cardiac ventricular cells
Authors: A. A M Wilde, M. W Veldkamp, A. C G V. Ginneken, T. Opthof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The alpha adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine prevents ischaemia related arrhythmias in rat, guinea pig, and cat heart. This effect has been related to the attenuation of ischaemia induced shortening of the action potential and has been ascribed to its alpha adrenoceptor antagonist properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of phentolamine on the ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP), because this channel seems to be involved in action potential shortening during ischaemia.Single channel experiments were performed on inside-out and outside-out patches of isolated rabbit ventricular cells at room temperature. Cells were isolated with conventional isolation techniques. Pipette and bath solution contained (in mmol.litre-1): K-gluconate 140, KCl 10, and HEPES-KOH 10 (pH 7.4).Excision of the patch always resulted in KATP channel activity [single channel conductance 60(SD 2.8) pS n = 4], which could be completely blocked by 5 mM ATP. In 22 of 26 patches the addition of 5 microM phentolamine to the intracellular side of the membrane reduced KATP channel activity. In 17 of these patches the effect was reversible. In four patches no effect was observed. Open probability decreased by 94% (n = 12). Addition of 50 microM phentolamine resulted in the disappearance of channel activity in six of eight patches which was reversible in four patches. In outside-out patches 5 microM phentolamine was only effective in 50% of the patches, reducing open probability by 98 to 100%.Phentolamine blocks ATP sensitive potassium channels in rabbit ventricular cells independently of the alpha adrenoceptor. This blocking effect probably occurs at the intracellular side of the membrane. The antiarrhythmic effect of phentolamine may at least partially be explained by blockade of KATP channels and may thus partly be independent of its effects on the alpha adrenoceptor.
THE ETIOLOGY OF SOLITARY BONE CYST
Authors: D. B. PHEMISTER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Solitary bone cyst is essentially a disease of the growing period and rarely begins after adult life is reached. It has become extensively recognized and investigated only since the introduction of the roentgen ray. Four main theories have been advanced to explain it. These are: first, that it is a degenerated tumor; second, that it is a localized malacia or dystrophy analogous to von Recklinghausen's multiple fibrocystic disease, occurring mainly in adults; third, that it is the result of hematoma in the bone marrow and, fourth, that it is an infection.  The tumor theory has been abandoned. The theory that it is a localized malacia, advanced by M. B. Schmidt, 1 was based on the supposition that there was extensive replacement of normal marrow and bone by fibrous marrow before cyst formation, which has not been found to be the case. There are no generalized changes in the skeleton of
Differential Cytokine Gene Expression in the Diaphragm in Response to Strenuous Resistive Breathing
Authors: Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Maziar Divangahi, George Rallis, Osama Kishta, Basil Petrof, Alain Comtois, Sabah N. A. Hussain
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Strenuous resistive breathing induces plasma cytokines that do not originate from circulating monocytes. We hypothesized that cytokine production is induced inside the diaphragm in response to resistive loading. Anesthetized, tracheostomized, spontaneously breathing Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1, 3, or 6 hours of inspiratory resistive loading, corresponding to 45–50% of the maximum inspiratory pressure. Unloaded sham-operated rats breathing spontaneously served as control animals. The diaphragm and the gastrocnemius muscles were excised at the end of the loading period, and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor necrosis factor-β, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and two housekeeping genes was analyzed using multiprobe RNase protection assay. IL-6, IL-1β, and, to lesser extents, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were significantly increased in a time-dependent fashion in the diaphragms but not the gastrocnemius of loaded animals or in the diaphragm of control animals. Elevation of protein levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the diaphragm of loaded animals was confirmed with immunoblotting. Immunostaining revealed IL-6 protein localization inside diaphragmatic muscle fibers. We conclude that increased ventilatory muscle activity during resistive loading induces differential elevation of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the ventilatory muscles.
Serologic Testing for Lyme Disease
Authors: Joseph Duffy, Lester E. Mertz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 September 1985Serologic Testing for Lyme DiseaseJOSEPH DUFFY, M.D., LESTER E. MERTZ, M.D.JOSEPH DUFFY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LESTER E. MERTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-458 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLyme disease is a multisystem disorder in which epidemiologic and serologic studies have confirmed a tick-transmitted spirochete,Borrelia burgdorferi, as the causal agent. The diagnosis of Lyme disease has depended on recognition of characteristic clinical symptoms and signs in a patient at risk for exposure to the pathogen by location of residence or travel in endemic areas. Once a diagnosis is established, effective and relatively low-risk antibiotic therapy is available for the treatment of all stages, with probable cure of chronic, erosive arthritis and possible prevention (or treatment) of devastating complications such as those described in the two case reports...References1. STEEREDURAYKAUFFMANWORMSER APDG. Unilateral blindness caused by infection of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:382-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MARCUSSTEEREDURAYANDERSONMAHONEY LAPAE. Fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent Lyme disease and babesiosis: demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:374-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. STEEREGRODZICKIARNOLD ARM. The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:733-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BENACHBOSLERHANRAHAN JEJ. Spirochetes isolated from the blood of two patients with Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:740-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RUSSELLSAMPSONSCHMID HJG. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay for Lyme disease. J Infect Dis. 1984;149:465-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. MERTZWOBIGDUFFYKATZMANN LGJJ. Ticks, spirochetes, and new diagnostic tests for Lyme disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985;60:402-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. SHRESTHAGRODZICKISTEERE MRA. Diagnosing early Lyme disease. Am J Med. 1985;78:235-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe many faces and phases of borreliosis I. Lyme diseaseMyositis during Borrelia burgdorferi infection (Lyme disease).AddendumResponse of Mononuclear Cells to Borrelia burgdorferiLEONARD H. SIGAL, M.D. 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 458-458KeywordsAntibioticsArthritisBorrelia burgdorferiEpidemiologyLyme diseasePathogensSigns and symptomsSpirochetes Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Eclampsia and social change in the tropics.
Authors: D Baird
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In our study of fluphenazine decanoate (17 March, 'p. 633) 78chronic schizophrenic patients aged under 65 attending St. Olave's Hospital constituted all those with the de- fined characteristics in the catchment area known to be on the drug.Eight of them could not, for various reasons, be adequately managed on fluphenazine decanoate alone and did not enter the trial.During a 15-month period six of the 34 patients receiving active fluphenazine re- lapsed (including one who dropped out and relapsed).Assuming that a similar number among the 36 on placebo would have re- lapsed had they 'been receiving active medication, it can be estimated that 20 patients out of 78 (26%) could not be managed adequately on fluphenazine decanoate alone.This estimate takes no acoount of the unknown number of patients who may have begun fluphenazine injections but for various reasons did not continue and were therefore not included in our original group of 78.So far as Drs.Daniel and Schiff's remarks on the dose level are concerned, it should be pointed out that our patients received a minimum level of 25 mg monthly.The dose could have been adjusted at the monthly visits if the clinicians in charge of the patients had wished.In fact, most relapses were fairly sudden.There was no evidence in the case-note describing the previous routine visit of any prodromal deterioration which might have given a clue that an increase in dosage was necessary.Our results suggest that the drug is effective in low doses.In view of the hazards of long-tern phenothiazine treatment, which have not yet been fully explored so far as injected fluphenazine is concerned, we would suggest that these drugs must be used in a cautious and balanced way.Our papers indicate their value in preventing relapse in many patients, but they also indicate that not all patients are likely to benefit and that some patients may not need to take maintenance medication at all.-We are, etc.,
Upregulation of anglotensin subtype receptor 1 (AT1) and beta adrenergic receptor (Beta 1-AR) and downregulation of AT2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-Beta 1), and TGF-Beta receptor II in intimal hyperplasia of intramyocardial coronary arteries distal to a severe epicardial coronary stenosis
Authors: Huashan Hong, Sergei Aksenov, Xiaoming Guan, Guilan Xiao, Andre Talleyrand, David Waters, John T. Fallon, Chunguang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Helicobacter pylori eradication shifts monocyte Fcγ receptor balance toward inhibitory FcγRIIB in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients
Authors: Atsuko Asahi, Tetsuya Nishimoto, Yuka Okazaki, Hidekazu Suzuki, Tatsuhiro Masaoka, Yutaka Kawakami, Yasuo Ikeda, Masataka Kuwana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder in which platelet-specific autoantibodies cause a loss of platelets. In a subset of patients with ITP and infected with Helicobacter pylori, the number of platelets recovers after eradication of H. pylori. To examine the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of ITP, the response of 34 ITP patients to treatment with a standard H. pylori eradication regimen, irrespective of whether they were infected with H. pylori, was evaluated. Eradication of H. pylori was achieved in all H. pylori–positive patients, and a significant increase in platelets was observed in 61% of these patients. By contrast, none of the H. pylori–negative patients showed increased platelets. At baseline, monocytes from the H. pylori–positive patients exhibited an enhanced phagocytic capacity and low levels of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). One week after starting the H. pylori eradication regimen, this activated monocyte phenotype was suppressed and improvements in autoimmune and platelet kinetic parameters followed. Modulation of monocyte FcγR balance was also found in association with H. pylori infection in individuals who did not have ITP and in mice. Our findings strongly suggest that the recovery in platelet numbers observed in ITP patients after H. pylori eradication is mediated through a change in FcγR balance toward the inhibitory FcγRIIB.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome with biventricular involvement.
Authors: S W Hall, A Theologides, A H From, F L Gobel, I E Fortuny, C J Lawrence, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In a 45-year-old man with hypereosinophilic syndrome, cardiac disease, mainly endocardial thickening and extensive mural thrombosis of both ventricles, was confirmed at autopsy. Early in the course of the disease, right ventricular endocardial biopsy had demonstrated the basic process. Restriction in filling and contraction of the right ventricle were demonstrated by functional studies. By echocardiographic study, progressive reduction in size of the right ventricular cavity and premature opening of the pulmonary valve were demonstrated, while this method was less adequate in identifying the process in the left ventricle.
Genetic Markers Within Glutamate Receptors Associated With Antidepressant Treatment-Emergent Suicidal Ideation
Authors: ANDREAS MENKE, SUSANNE LUCAE, STEFAN KLOIBER, SONJA HORSTMANN, THOMAS BETTECKEN, MANFRED UHR, STEPHAN RIPKE, MARCUS ISING, BERTRAM MüLLER-MYHSOK, FLORIAN HOLSBOER, ELISABETH B. BINDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)
TWO CASES OF SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE HEART
Authors: C. J. Thomas, S. R. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1927)

be paid to the fitting of a suitable shoe that is not too short.Measures must also be takeni for the treatment of a ten'dency to faulty statics and flat-foot, which it is usual to find associated with hballux rigidus, and which are concerned in its causation.
Induction of Lymphocytic Inflammatory Changes in Lung Interstitium by Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I
Authors: KAZUYOSHI KAWAKAMI, AKIKO MIYAZATO, YOICHIRO IWAKURA, ATSUSHI SAITO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent of adult T cell leukemia, and reports suggest that several other clinical conditions are associated with HTLV-I infection, including myelopathy and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical entity of HTLV-I-associated lung disease remains unsubstantiated more than 10 years after its description. In the present study, we conducted a histopathological analysis of lung tissues of transgenic mice that expressed gene segments of HTLV-I p40(tax) regions. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between expression of viral components and development of lung disorders. In these mice, inflammatory changes with infiltration of lymphocytes in peribronchial and perivascular areas and in alveolar septa developed at 11 wk of age and increased in incidence during the observation period (26 wk). There was a significant correlation between the pulmonary pathological changes and the level of expression of p40(tax) mRNA in the lungs. Our results provided for the first time strong evidence of a direct relationship between HTLV-I and development of bronchopulmonary infection.
Custom cervical cap reentering clinical trials
Authors: Karen Prupes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

"We're back at square one, but knowing a lot more." With this wry admission, Robert A. Goepp, DDS, PhD, told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS of a second attempt, beginning soon, to assess the contraceptive efficacy of a custom-fitted valved cervical cap that he and obstetrician-gynecologist Uwe E. Freese, MD, invented (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1980;243:1617). An initial National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored trial, begun in November 1981, was abruptly halted the following April, plagued by an excessive number of cap dislodgements and pregnancies. The cap's checkered history began one day in 1974 at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, where both Goepp and Freese were faculty members. Freese was lamenting the deficiencies of the older, presized cervical caps, namely, dislodgement and malodor. The obvious solution, replied Goepp, to whom custom-fitting dental appliances was second nature, was to fashion an exactly fitting cervical cap with no cul-de-sacs where cervical mucus could
Dimension of Time in Illness: An Objective View
Authors: Yuval Shahar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

It is almost impossible to try to represent and analyze clinical data in the absence of a temporal dimension. The temporal aspect is especially important when automated decision support is used for patient care over substantial periods. This paper emphasizes the crucial role that tasks of temporal reasoning and temporal maintenance play in modern medical information and decision support systems; it also discusses the implications of providing automated support to clinicians who must perform such tasks as part of broader clinical tasks (for example, monitoring and therapy). Temporal reasoning tasks mainly involve intelligent analysis of time-oriented clinical data, and temporal maintenance tasks focus on effective storage and retrieval of these data. Both types of tasks, however, are highly relevant for such applications as patient monitoring, proper use of therapeutic guidelines, assessment of the quality of guideline use, and visualization and exploration of time-oriented biomedical data. Scientists in medical informatics should view the integration of these two areas as a major research and development goal. This paper demonstrates one approach to integration by presenting the concept of a temporal mediator, which combines temporal reasoning and temporal maintenance. Use of the temporal mediator in several clinical tasks is also presented and discussed.
Regulation of hepatic stem/progenitor phenotype by microenvironment stiffness in hydrogel models of the human liver stem cell niche
Authors: Oswaldo A. Lozoya, Eliane Wauthier, Rachael A. Turner, Claire Barbier, Glenn D. Prestwich, Farshid Guilak, Richard Superfine, Sharon R. Lubkin, Lola M. Reid
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Without <i>GATA1</i> Mutation After Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder in an Infant Without Down Syndrome
Authors: Hiroto Inaba, Margherita Londero, Scott H. Maurer, Mihaela Onciu, Yubin Ge, Jeffrey W. Taub, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Susana C. Raimondi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Glucagon: chemistry and function in health and disease.
Authors: Thomas F. Frawley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The concept of glucagon as a distinct hormone secreted by the pancreas and carried by the blood to one or more target organs is no longer controversial. It was more than 30 years ago that the existence of a hyperglycemic factor in insulin was first proposed. During the period which has since elapsed, innumerable research scientists, biochemists, and clinical investigators have devoted inestimable time and resources to elucidating the complexities of glucagon action and defining its characteristics. In a most thorough and painstaking fashion, the authors of this monograph have assembled all the worthwhile published data on glucagon, predigested it, and palatably served it in a concise, yet complete, attractive, and interesting fashion. As pioneers in the field of glucagon research, and as authors of numerous publications, they bring an authoritative viewpoint based on personal experience and an obviously wide acquaintance with the subject. This undoubtedly explains their ability to
THE SURGERY OF THE BRAIN.
Authors: ALBERT I. BOUFFLEUR
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The surgery of the brain and its membranes has within the last two or three years received more merited attention than during the preceding decade, when the great surgical world spent a large portion of its energy on that important class of diseases which are found in the abdomen and which are now so generally subjected to surgical treatment. All subjects which directly affect the life of an individual are of special interest to the conscientious physician and certainly there is no class of diseases which are more obscure in their symptomatology, more erratic in their course, more discouraging in their treatment or more uniformly fatal, when managed expectantly, than the lesions of the brain, which are now subjected to surgical treatment. The peculiar anatomic conditions in which the organ under consideration is placed renders the opportunity for careful observation of very rare occurrence, while the location of the vital
Ras, Akt, and Mechanotransduction in the Cardiac Myocyte
Authors: Peter H. Sugden
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

The Ras subfamily of 21-kDa ("small") guanine nucleotide binding proteins [which includes Ha-Ras, Ki(A)-Ras, Ki(B)-Ras, and N-Ras] is universally important in regulating intracellular signaling events in mammalian cells and controls their growth, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and survival. These Ras isoforms act as membrane-associated biological switches that transduce signals from transmembrane receptors, thus potentially activating a variety of downstream signaling proteins. These include ultimately two Ser/Thr protein kinase families, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt (or protein kinase B). Activation of ERK1/2 has been associated with cardiac myocyte hypertrophy (ie, increased cell size and myofibrillogenesis, with concurrent transcriptional changes to a fetal pattern of gene expression), whereas activation of Akt is associated with the increased protein accretion in hypertrophy. Both ERK1/2 and Akt may promote myocyte survival. In the intact heart in vivo and in primary cultures of cardiac myocytes, mechanical strain induces hypertrophy, a process known as mechanotransduction, which may involve Ras, ERK1/2, and Akt. In this study, general and cardiospecific aspects of the regulation of Ras and Akt will be described. The various mechanisms through which mechanical strain might initiate Ras- or Akt-dependent signaling will be discussed. The overall conclusion is that although an involvement of Ras and Akt in mechanotransduction is likely, more work (particularly focusing on mechanoreception) needs to be undertaken before it is unequivocally established.
Pim-2 kinase is an important target of treatment for tumor progression and bone loss in myeloma
Authors: M Hiasa, J Teramachi, A Oda, R Amachi, T Harada, S Nakamura, H Miki, S Fujii, K Kagawa, K Watanabe, I Endo, Y Kuroda, T Yoneda, D Tsuji, M Nakao, E Tanaka, K Hamada, S Sano, K Itoh, T Matsumoto, M Abe
Journal: Leukemia (2014)