tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Evidence in Support of Male Circumcision in HIV Prevention: What Next?
Authors: Adamson Sinjani Muula
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The study by Auvert et al. will certainly go into the history of HIV prevention as a landmark. The study is important because the results are the first blinded randomized study demonstrating that HIV can be prevented by male circumcision (MC). Double-blinded studies are considered to be the gold standard in research but because of the nature of this intervention double blinding was impossible--i.e. it was impossible for the men to be circumcised without them knowing that they had been circumcised. The study suggests that MC could join the interventions for HIV/AIDS already available--i.e. highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) short-course antiretroviral therapies and caesarean section in preventing mother-to-child transmission postexposure prophylaxis condoms abstinence and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Like many other health interventions MC (if its effectiveness is further demonstrated in subsequent randomized studies and then adopted within national policies) will be indicated and suitable for some people but not for others for a variety of reasons. It would therefore be unfortunate if we were to start promoting MC at the expense of other intervention measures. The authors did not suggest that we should do so but there is always the danger that some people will seek to boost efforts on one intervention whilst neglecting others.   (excerpt)
Abstract 2760: Identification of ET-743 analogs with improved selectivity and potency for EWS-FLI1 and Ewing sarcoma cells.
Authors: Matt Harlow, Nichole Maloney, Laura Segars, Girma Woldemichael, Lee J. Helman, Patrick J. Grohar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma is a pediatric malignancy characterized by the fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes, which creates a constitutively activated transcription factor, EWS/FLI1. The transcriptional program of EWS/FLI1 drives malignant transformation as well as high-risk features such as increased angiogenesis, resistance to apoptosis, and increased metastatic potential. It is well known that perturbing the transcriptional activity of EWS/FLI1 leads to cell death in vitro and should be considered as a possible site of therapeutic intervention in Ewing sarcoma patients. To that end, we identified ET-743 (trabectedin, Yondelis), a natural product, which inhibits EWS/FLI1 activity in vitro. Using ET-743 as a lead compound, we have characterized a number of structural analogs of ET-743 to identify more potent and/or more selective inhibitors of EWS/FLI1 activity. METHODS: We evaluated the potency of the ET-743 structural analogs using MTS viability assays using Ewing sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma cell lines. The specific inhibition of EWS/FLI1 downstream transcriptional activity was measured using a luciferase-based approach and western blotting. We also evaluated each analog's ability to suppress a gene signature of EWS/FLI1, which included more than 20 genes known to be deregulated by EWS/FLI1 using a novel microfluidic based assay and the Fluidigm platform. RESULTS: Several analogs proved to be more potent than ET-743 and selective for transcriptional suppression of EWS/FLI1. All of the analogs induced varying degrees of DNA damage and cell death, which were detected by biochemical and metabolic assays. We also show that the analogs sensitize ES cells to treatment with camptothecins to a variable degree based on analog relative to the parent compound. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to ET-743, we have shown that its structural analogs confer better pharmacological properties such as increased potency and specificity towards Ewing sarcoma cell lines. We are currently working to further characterize the mechanism of action for these analogs and evaluate the compounds in an in vivo model. The ultimate goal would be to translate these compounds to the clinic and improve patient outcomes with Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Matt Harlow, Nichole Maloney, Laura Segars, Girma Woldemichael, Lee J. Helman, Patrick J. Grohar. Identification of ET-743 analogs with improved selectivity and potency for EWS-FLI1 and Ewing sarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2760. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2760
Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration in subjects following reduced fat, high fibre diet.
Authors: J Edington, M Geekie, R Carter, L Benfield, K Fisher, M Ball, J Mann
Journal: BMJ (1987)

One hundred and sixty eight subjects participated in a randomised crossover study to determine whether halving or doubling the present dietary cholesterol intake from eggs had any influence on blood cholesterol concentration in people following current dietary recommendations. During the first eight weeks all participants were advised to follow a reduced fat diet (26% total energy for hyperlipidaemic patients, 35% total energy for normolipidaemic volunteers) with an increased ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids. This background diet was continued throughout the 16 week experimental period, during which participants ate either two or seven eggs a week. A small but significant increase in total cholesterol was seen after four weeks in the group eating seven eggs a week compared with that in the group eating two eggs a week, but this was no longer apparent after eight weeks. Previous studies suggesting that dietary cholesterol has a greater effect on the serum cholesterol concentration either have been carried out against a background of a higher fat intake or have contrasted extreme cholesterol intakes. A further reduction in dietary cholesterol seems to be unnecessary in those people who have already reduced their intake of saturated fat and increased the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and fibre rich carbohydrate.
Electrical potential difference and sodium and potassium fluxes across rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis
Authors: C. J. Edmonds, D. Pilcher
Journal: Gut (1973)

The transmucosal electrical potential difference (pd) and the sodium and potassium flux rates (using a dialysis method) have been measured in the rectum and distal sigmoid colon of patients with ulcerative colitis and compared with measurements made in individuals having normal bowel function. In active colitis, a very low transmucosal pd was found and was associated with loss of the characteristic ability of the mucosa to absorb sodium against considerable electrochemical gradients; a marked increase in the plasma-to-lumen sodium flux rate, suggesting increased leakiness of the mucosa; and loss of the active sodium absorption mechanism. In resolving colitis, the pd was higher and all these changes of sodium transport tended to return towards normal. With full recovery, epithelial function was normal to the present tests. Potassium secretion rate showed little difference at various stages of the disease, but the nearly normal secretion of potassium in ulcerative colitis when the pd was low suggested that potassium loss to the lumen was excessive. Mucus collected from patients with ulcerative colitis had a relatively high sodium and potassium content. Measurement of pd and absorption by using a dialysis tube offers a simple means of rapid assessment of mucosal functional integrity.
Initial experience with a physiological, rate responsive pacemaker.
Authors: R M Donaldson, K Fox, A F Rickards
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A new pacemaker that can adapt the heart rate in response to the patient9s metabolic requirements has been developed. This pacemaker uses the QT interval as the indicator of physiological demand. Experience in five patients showed the rate response to exercise to be smooth and progressive and to return gradually to the basic paced rate after activity stopped. Physiological rate responsive pacing resulted in a 45% increase in cardiac output when compared with fixed rate pacing. Similarly, a 57% increase in maximal exercise capacity was noted when rate responsive pacing was compared with conventional pacing at 70 beats/min. This study showed that physiological rate responsive pacing using the QT interval provides a simple means of increasing the heart rate in accordance with the body9s requirements.
The Book Forum
Authors: C. Bruce Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THYROIDECTOMY.Read by title in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: JNO. B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

In discussing the surgical treatment of goitre or bronchocele I propose to do it in a concise and practical way, basing my remarks largely upon the results of my own experience, and therefore will not deal with it from a statistical, theoretical or classical point of view. Goitre or bronchocele is met with as one of three varieties: Fibrous, cystic, and pulsating or vascular. Bronchocele associated with exophthalmus not being, except in a few cases, amenable to surgical interference, I will not discuss. Of the fibrous and cystic varieties it is not uncommon to meet with these two conditions present in the same case, thus forming a fibro-cystic goitre. Secondary changes, such as the substistitution of gelatinous colloid material for the albuminous, and calcification in the walls of the cysts, and in the fibrous tissue, may modify the variety or form of the goitre. The surgical treatment of goitre embraces
Expression of three- and four-repeat tau isoforms in mouse liver
Authors: Lukas Kenner, Yosuf El-Shabrawi, Heinz Hutter, Michael Forstner, Kurt Zatloukal, Gerald Hoefler, Karl-Heinz Preisegger, Robert Kurzbauer, Helmut Denk
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Tau protein is a member of the family of microtubule-associated proteins, which support microtubule polymerization and stability. Under pathological conditions, tau is a major constituent of neurofibrillary tangles in nerve cells of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurofibrillary tangles share some morphological, biochemical and immunological properties with cytoplasmic inclusions associated with other diseases, such as Mallory bodies in the livers of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and in corresponding mouse models. Recently a Mallory body component was identified that in molecular mass and isoelectric point resembles the abnormally phosphorylated tau of neurofibrillary tangles. There has been, however, so far no report describing the occurrence of tau in normal liver. We now demonstrate the expression of two tau isoforms containing three and four repeats, respectively, of the microtubule-binding domains in normal mouse liver and kidney. This finding provides evidence for a physiological role of tau in the liver and, consequently, the basis for the involvement of tau in pathological situations. (Hepatology 1994;20:1086–1089).
Prevalence of urinary incontinence.
Authors: T M Thomas, K R Plymat, J Blannin, T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The prevalence of urinary incontinence was investigated by determining the number of incontinent patients under the care of various health and social service agencies in two London boroughs and by a postal survey of the 22 430 people aged 5 years and over on the practice lists of 12 general practitioners in different parts of the country. The prevalence of incontinence known to the health and social service agencies was 0.2% in women and 0.1% in men aged 15-64 and 2.5% in women and 1.3% in men aged 65 and over. The postal survey, to which 89% of the people whose correct address was known replied, showed a prevalence of urinary incontinence of 8.5% in women and 1.6% in men aged 15-64 and 11.6% in women and 6.9% in men aged 65 and over. Nulliparous women had a lower prevalence than those who had had one, two, or three babies, but within the parity range of one to three there were no differences in prevalence. The prevalence was appreciably increased in women who had had four or more babies. Incontinence was moderate or severe in a fifth of those who reported it in the postal survey, of whom less than a third were receiving health or social services for the condition. Incontinence is a common symptom, and many unrecognised cases appear to exist. There may be considerable scope for improving its management.
Cavo-Portal Shunting in Superior and Inferior Vena Cavai Obstruction
Authors: ANIL G. DESAI, CHAN H. PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Focal radionuclide accumulation of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) and Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in the liver has been reported in both inferior and superior vena caval obstruction. We studied a patient with uniform radionuclide accumulation of Tc-99m MAA in the liver during lung scintigraphy. In this patient, both the superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC) were obstructed. Most of the systemic venous return appeared to be passing through the liver on its way to the heart, through the anastomoses between the systemic veins and the portal vein. To the best of our knowledge, uniform hepatic uptake in vena caval obstruction is not reported in the literature.
LOW ENDOTHELIAL SHEAR STRESS INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECCENTRIC CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS IN HUMANS
Authors: Saeko Takahashi, Michail Papafaklis, Shigeru Saito, Yasuhiro Makita, Shigeru Nakamura, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Akihiko Takahashi, Takaaki Katsuki, Sunao Nakamura, Atsuo Namiki, Atsushi Hirohata, Toshiyuki Matsumura, Seiji Yamazaki, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Shinji Tanaka, Satoru Otsuji, Fuminobu Yoshimachi, Junko Honye, Masaya Tsuda, Antonios Antoniadis, Ahmet Coskun, Charles Feldman, Peter Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Risks of zoonoses in a veterinary service.
Authors: P J Constable, J M Harrington
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A survey was undertaken among the veterinary staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the Institute for Research in Animal Diseases to estimate the distribution of occupationally acquired zoonoses in this population. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1717 staff, 1625 (95%) of whom responded. It was observed that both laboratory and technical support staff were at risk from a variety of zoonotic infections, though generally to a lesser extent than veterinary surgeons. A history of injury while handling animals was reported frequently by veterinarians (45%). Accidental self-injection with vaccines was also commonly reported. It is suggested that both injury from animals and accidental self-injection are associated with the risk of zoonotic infection.
Authors' reply to Costescu and Waddington
Authors: F. R. Rosendaal, F. M. Helmerhorst
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective.</b> To assess the effect of using simulation in pharmacy student training on correct device technique. <b>Methods.</b> A single-blinded, repeated measures, parallel group design study was conducted in 2011, involving all final-year pharmacy students in year 5 (final year) enrolled in the Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics course. Students were assessed on device technique at baseline based on previously published checklists for Diskus (DIS), Turbuhaler (TH), and pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI). Students were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Intervention A, which included supervised hands-on education in groups and peer assessment/education; and Intervention B, which included supervised hands-on education in groups, peer assessment/education, and a simulated scenario counseling real asthma patients. The simulation involved groups of 6 students counseling 3 asthma patients on inhaler device technique. The counseling involved verbal information and physical demonstration until the patient performed all steps correctly. Student assessments on device technique were repeated 1 week postintervention. <b>Results.</b> At baseline, none of the students in Intervention A (n=54) or Intervention B (n=55) performed correct technique for any of the 3 devices. One week following the intervention, a significantly higher proportion of students in Intervention B demonstrated correct technique for the Diskus, Turbuhaler, and pMDI (60.0%, 70.9%, and 69.1%, respectively) than did students in Intervention A (27.8%, 40.7%, and 42.6%, respectively, <i>p</i>&lt;0.005). <b>Conclusion.</b> Engaging pharmacy students with real asthma patients in a simulated scenario involving correct device technique education resulted in better device technique demonstration skills among students.
Erythema multiforme associated with hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: R.A. Wakeel, Marion I. White
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Erythema multiforme associated with hepatitis B vaccine Get access R.A. Wakeel, R.A. Wakeel Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB9 2ZB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marion I. White Marion I. White Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB9 2ZB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08418.x Published: 01 January 1992
Prevention of hepatocellular adenoma and correction of metabolic abnormalities in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia by gene therapy
Authors: Young Mok Lee, Hyun Sik Jun, Chi-Jiunn Pan, Su Ru Lin, Lane H. Wilson, Brian C. Mansfield, Janice Y. Chou
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia), which is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis and chronic risk of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), is caused by deficiencies in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) that hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose. G6Pase-α activity depends on the G6P transporter (G6PT) that translocates G6P from the cytoplasm into the ER lumen. The functional coupling of G6Pase-α and G6PT maintains interprandial glucose homeostasis. We have shown previously that gene therapy mediated by AAV-GPE, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing G6Pase-α directed by the human G6PC promoter/enhancer (GPE), completely normalizes hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency in GSD-Ia (G6pc(-/-) ) mice for at least 24 weeks. However, a recent study showed that within 78 weeks of gene deletion, all mice lacking G6Pase-α in the liver develop HCA. We now show that gene therapy mediated by AAV-GPE maintains efficacy for at least 70-90 weeks for mice expressing more than 3% of wild-type hepatic G6Pase-α activity. The treated mice displayed normal hepatic fat storage, had normal blood metabolite and glucose tolerance profiles, had reduced fasting blood insulin levels, maintained normoglycemia over a 24-hour fast, and had no evidence of hepatic abnormalities. After a 24-hour fast, hepatic G6PT messenger RNA levels in G6pc(-/-) mice receiving gene therapy were markedly increased. Because G6PT transport is the rate-limiting step in microsomal G6P metabolism, this may explain why the treated G6pc(-/-) mice could sustain prolonged fasts. The low fasting blood insulin levels and lack of hepatic steatosis may explain the absence of HCA.These results confirm that AAV-GPE-mediated gene transfer corrects hepatic G6Pase-α deficiency in murine GSD-Ia and prevents chronic HCA formation.
Online healthcare advertising needs regulation
Authors: M. Masoni, M. R. Guelfi, G. F. Gensini
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective:</b> To assess long term changes in cardiac morphology and function in survivors of severe twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) after intrauterine laser coagulation of placental anastomoses. <b>Design:</b> Prospective follow up of fetuses with severe TTTS treated by laser coagulation of intrauterine placental anastomoses. Fetal echocardiography and Doppler studies of feto-placental haemodynamic function were performed at the time of laser coagulation (median gestational age of 21.7 weeks). Postnatal cardiac follow up included a detailed echocardiographic study of systolic and diastolic cardiac function at a median age of 21.1 months. <b>Setting:</b> Paediatric cardiology unit. <b>Patients:</b> 89 survivors from 73 consecutive pregnancies with severe TTTS. <b>Results:</b> Before laser treatment, 28 of 51 (54.9%) recipient twins had typical signs of cardiac dysfunction due to volume overload and 9 of 38 (23.7%) donors had absent or reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Echocardiography was normal in 87.6% of the survivors (34 of 38 donors, 44 of 51 recipients). The prevalence of congenital heart disease and particularly of pulmonary stenosis, which was recorded only in recipients, was increased in comparison with the general population (congenital heart disease, 10 of 89 (11.2%) <i>v</i> 0.3%; pulmonary stenosis, 4 of 51 (7.8%) <i>v</i> 0.03%). Findings before laser treatment were not correlated with the development of structural heart disease. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite the high rate and severity of prenatal cardiac overload in recipients, the majority of cases of TTTS are normalised after laser treatment. However, given the increased prevalence of congenital heart disease and in particular pulmonary stenosis, intrauterine and postnatal follow up is warranted.
Continuous Propranolol Infusion Following Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Harold Smulyan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Thirteen patients given long-term propranolol hydrochloride therapy for heart disease required 15 abdominal surgical procedures. On each occasion, propranolol therapy was maintained postoperatively by continuous intravennous infusion. Duration of infusion ranged from one to nine days, and each infusion was monitored with frequent measurements of serum propranolol concentrations. In patients with normal hepatic and renal function, therapeutic serum propranolol levels were attained with a narrow dose range averaging 3.0 mg/hr, irrespective of body weight. All patients had postoperative courses free of complications attributable to β-blockade. This form of therapy appears to protect against sympathetic stimulation during the perioperative period and to prevent the propranolol withdrawal syndrome in such patients. Continuous propranolol infusion might also be useful in other clinical situations, such as acute aortic dissection or severe thyrotoxicosis, where predictable therapeutic serum propranolol levels could be maintained when oral therapy was contraindicated. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2539-2542)