tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants in the Judgment of Obscenity
Authors: JOHN W. HIGGINS, MARSHALL B. KATZMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

After presenting material classified at varied levels of obscenity to groups of raters, the authors concluded that the judgment of obscenity is determined by characteristics of the material being viewed (e.g., quality, artistic merit, attractiveness) as well as by characteristics of the viewer (e.g., sex, occupation, educational level). They also see a positive relationship between the ratings "obscene" and "sexually stimulating."
Indications for Surgery in Penetrating Chest Wounds
Authors: G. Qvist
Journal: BMJ (1945)

The most important object in treatment of injuries involving the pleura is early pulmonary re-expansion, since by this means pleural infection is limited and respiratory efficiency restored.Although this is well recognized and has been emphasized again recently (Thomas and Cleland, 1945), expansion of the lung, and in fact the pulmonary condition altogether, is usually re- garded as a factor secondary in importance to the pleural lesion, and attention is focused mainly on haemothorax.It is one of the purposes of this communication to suggest that the prog- nosis of penetrating wounds is influenced as much by the con- dition of the lung as by that of the pleura.It is a matter of experience that, on the average, expansion of the lung is slower after penetrating wounds than after non- penetrating injuries, quite apart from infection.This can be seen in a comparison of different types of haemothorax follow- ing these two varieties of chest injury, and is shown diagram- matically in Fig. 1.Thus in both haemothorax and
Loss of Dishevelleds Disrupts Planar Polarity in Ependymal Motile Cilia and Results in Hydrocephalus
Authors: Shinya Ohata, Jin Nakatani, Vicente Herranz-Pérez, JrGang Cheng, Haim Belinson, Toshiro Inubushi, William D. Snider, Jose Manuel García-Verdugo, Anthony Wynshaw-Boris, Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
Journal: Neuron (2014)
A modified model of global ischaemia: application to the study of syncytial mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis
Authors: P. D Ridley, M. H Yacoub, M. J Curtis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article A modified model of global ischaemia: application to the study of syncytial mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis Get access Paul D Ridley, Paul D Ridley Cardiac Surgical Research Department, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom: P D Ridley, M H Yacoub; Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Pharmacology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis. Correspondence to Dr Curtis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Magdi H Yacoub, Magdi H Yacoub Cardiac Surgical Research Department, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom: P D Ridley, M H Yacoub; Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Pharmacology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis. Correspondence to Dr Curtis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J Curtis Michael J Curtis Cardiac Surgical Research Department, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom: P D Ridley, M H Yacoub; Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Pharmacology Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, United Kingdom: M J Curtis. Correspondence to Dr Curtis. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 4, April 1992, Pages 309–315, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.4.309 Published: 01 April 1992 Article history Received: 23 July 1991 Accepted: 18 October 1991 Published: 01 April 1992
Optical transmission of normal and atheromatous arterial wall: a spectral analysis
Authors: T. J BOWKER, P. EDWARDS, T. A HALL, M. REGEL, S. G BOWN, K. M FOX, P. A POOLE-WILSON, A. F RICKARDS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

In laser angioplasty one of the factors influencing the immediate damage (and therefore the risk of acute arterial perforation) is the optical absorption characteristics of the target tissue. In an attempt to evaluate the differences in optical absorptive properties, the transmission spectrograms of samples of normal and atheromatous human postmortem aortic wall were measured over the visible spectrum. Optical transmission varied inversely with sample thickness and directly with wavelength through both normal and atheromatous samples. Over the whole visible spectrum atheromatous tissue transmitted less per unit thickness than normal tissue. This differential effect was, however, most pronounced at 500 nm, where atheromatous tissue transmitted light 5–10 times less strongly than normal aortic wall. Such wavelength dependent differential optical absorption could provide a means for the selective photovaporisation of atheroma in laser angioplasty.
Is myocardial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger transcription a marker for different stages of myocardial dysfunction? Quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the messenger RNA in endomyocardial biopsies of patients with heart failure
Authors: Cornelia Piper, Johannes Bilger, Eva-Maria Henrichs, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Dieter Horstkotte, Andrea Doerner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Achieving health equity for all
Authors: Alan Maryon-Davis
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Commission on Social Determinants of Health sets out its vision and goals

This week the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH), established in 2005 by the then director general of the World Health Organization (WHO), the late Lee Jong-Wook—has released an interim statement.1 It sets out a new vision to achieve what it calls worldwide “health equity”—fairness of opportunity to achieve and maintain good health. The intention is to kickstart a global movement to tackle, at all levels and in all sectors, the social, environmental, economic, and political factors that underpin inequities in health—the so called “causes of the causes” of ill health.

Nearly 30 years ago, WHO brought the community of nations together to issue a call for “health for all by the year 2000.” The Declaration of Alma Ata2 focused on accessible and affordable primary health care worldwide, and on tackling the social and economic causes of ill health. It affirmed that health is a fundamental human right. And it called on governments, international organisations, and the world community to create the opportunity for everyone to attain a level of health that would enable them to lead socially and economically productive …
Missed jaundice in black infants
Authors: R R M Harman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of age, intercurrent disease, and tumour staging, results in a hospital mortality nearer 10% as shown in several recent British studies.24Indeed, in the latter quarter of the Lancaster series mortality has been reduced to 7o% with no sig- nificant variation according to cell type.5In considering alternatives to resection as suggested by Dr K F R Schiller (12 March, p 897) these too should be seen in true perspective.Fibreoptic endoscopic intubation has a hospital mortality of between 11%, and 27'%,.7When used alone it denies the possibility of cure and cannot approach the 90>", restoration of normal swallowing achieved by resection.4Published results of radiotherapy are generally poor, with a 9'0, mortality for patients undergoing radical radio- therapy in one series8 and an overall five year survival rate of 4°¢,.9While many surgical series quote five year survival rates of 10-200% only one radiotherapeutic series claims to equal these albeit disappointing results."'Clearly, prospective controlled trials are needed to establish the relative superiority of the various treatments as currently applied to favourable cases either alone or in combination, and fortunately these are now being estab- lished.In the current state of knowledge, however, resection in centres with an operative mortality comparable with that of palliative intubation should perhaps be considered as best fulfilling the objectives of management of this distressing disease-namely, the restoration of swallowing, prolonged useful survival, and an acceptable mortality for the chosen treatment.
Call for international community to protect children in Kosovo
Authors: N. Shamsian
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The international community has a duty to find a way of protecting all children, of whatever ethnic origin, remaining in Kosovo, Professor David Southall, consultant paediatrician at the North Staffordshire Hospital, Stoke on Trent, told the annual general meeting of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in York earlier this month.

Professor Southall, director of Child Advocacy International, was reporting on his recent visit to Kosovo. Child Advocacy International, a humanitarian aid organisation dedicated …
Letter: Irrigation of the vas for immediate sterility after vasectomy.
Authors: J Slome
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This letter attemps to show that previously published reports claiming that irrigation of the vas after vasectomy, with nitrofurans or euflavine solutions does not dispense with the need for subsequent semen analyses. Techniques described were exactly followed. Semen analyses a t 8 and 12 weeks after vasectomy, in 1 of 84 cases, showed motile sperm at the 8th week but absence of sperm 1 and 2 months later in this patient. Therefore, immediate sterility cannot be guaranteed by vas irrigatio ns, although in most cases this procedure may hasten the onset of sterility. Postvasectomy semen examinations are still needed.
In search of a good death: Can children with life threatening illness and their families experience a good death?
Authors: L. Beaune
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—As care givers of children who are dying, we were disappointed that the experience of dying children and their families was not broached by Ellershaw and Ward or Clarke.1 2 Do we in society continue to find it impossible to think about death in childhood? To imagine that children with life threatening illness and their families can experience a good death? What …
Comparison of single-dose and double-dose thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for the detection of coronary artery disease and prior myocardial infarction.
Authors: D K Blood, D M McCarthy, R R Sciacca, P J Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed after exercise, 4 hours after exercise (redistribution) and after a separate rest injection in 87 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Significant coronary lesions were present in 62 of the patients. Interpretation of the rest and redistribution scintiscans was the same in 69 patients, 45 of whom had coronary artery disease (CAD). In 16 of the 17 patients with CAD and differing interpretations, defects were present on redistribution scintiscans but not on rest scintiscans; 11 of these patients had evidence of prior transmural myocardial infarction and the other five had an occluded coronary artery supplying the region of the defect. Redistribution scintiscans were more sensitive than rest scintiscans for the detection of prior myocardial infarction (93% vs 54%; P less than 0.01). The increased sensitivity was confined to the detection of prior inferior myocardial infarctions. In 36 of 38 patients with persistent perfusion defects on 4-hour redistribution scintiscans, either a prior infarction or an occluded coronary vessel was present. Exercise scintiscans were compared with rest scintiscans or with redistribution scintiscans for the detection of CAD. The sensitivity was not significantly different with either technique (90% and 89%, respectively), but both scintigraphic techniques were more sensitive than exercise electrocardiography (66%, P less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that redistribution thallium-201 scintiscans may be substituted for conventional rest scintiscans, resulting in reduced cost and radiation exposure to the patient.
SENSITIVITY OF WESTERN BLOTTING (COMPARED WITH ELISA AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE) DURING SEROCONVERSION AFTER HTLV-III INFECTION
Authors: JanC. Ulstrup, Kjell Skaug, KarlJ. Figenschau, Ivar Ørstavik, JohanN. Bruun, Georg Petersen
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Diabetes in Mississippi Choctaw Indians
Authors: Lynda G Johnson, Karen Strauss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To establish a registry of patients with diabetes and determine the point prevalence of diabetes in the Mississippi Choctaw Indians at the end of September 1989. Research Design and Methods— A survey of diabetes cases was conducted, using the NDDG criteria for diagnosis with comparison to U.S. rates determined from the 1979–1981 NHIS. IHS-supported hospital and outpatient clinics serving the Choctaw Indians of Mississippi were the setting. Medical charts of patients on the computer record of outpatient visits seen for diabetes and laboratory lists of patients who had elevated blood glucose levels in 1988 were reviewed. Results— The age-adjusted prevalence of 163.2/1000 population was 6.5 times (95% CI 4.3–9.8) the U.S. rate. The prevalence of diabetes in the Choctaw Indians was significantly higher than the U.S. rates for all age-groups except for those &amp;lt;15 yr of age. Conclusions— Intervention programs are urgently needed to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and its complications in this southeastern tribe. The registry system is being used to gather information on the prevalence and incidence of diabetic complications and associated risk factors to guide programs.
Additional endoscopic procedures instead of urgent surgery for retained common bile duct stones.
Authors: S R Cairns, L Dias, P B Cotton, P R Salmon, R C Russell
Journal: Gut (1989)

One hundred and twenty seven patients were treated by nasobiliary drainage, or stenting, to prevent biliary obstruction after endoscopic failure to clear stones from the common bile duct. At presentation, 91 (72%) patients were jaundiced and 39 (31%) had cholangitis. Placement of either a nasobiliary drain or stent was successful in 124 (98%) patients. One hundred and twenty one (95%) patients were followed up. Clearance was ultimately achieved endoscopically in 52 and surgically in 25 patients after (mean) 2.4 months. Thirty day mortality was 3%. There were no complications of nasobiliary drainage, but two of 39 patients treated by temporary stents developed cholangitis, both successfully managed by endoscopic duct clearance. Forty two patients unfit for surgery or further endoscopic attempts at duct clearance were followed with stents in situ for a mean 15.9 months (range 2.5-37.5). Cholangitis developed in four patients and was successfully managed by stent change. These results indicate that longterm stenting can be useful for poor risk surgical patients and that nasobiliary drainage or temporary stenting permits further elective rather than urgent endoscopic or surgical treatment.
Hepatobiliary Scan and Acute Cholecystitis: Bayesian Analysis of Data
Authors: Lawrence Barenholtz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Freitas and Gulati (1980;244:1585) have recently demonstrated that hepatobiliary scanning (HBS) was 97% sensitive and 87% specific for acute cholecystitis (AC) in a study population of 179 patients in whom the diagnosis of AC was either confirmed or ruled out by independend means. Test results on these 179 patients fell into the following categories: 56 true-positive (TP), 16 false-positive (FP), 105 true-negative (TN), and 2 false-negative (FN). Sensitivity was therefore TP/(TP+FN) or 97% and specificities, TN/(TN+FP) or 87%. These figures are perfectly valid characteristics of the test itself, but I believe that the authors could have better described the clinical utility of HBS in their hands by presenting additional analysis of the data according to Bayes' theorem. The predictive value of a positive (abnormal) test result is expressed by TP/(TP+FP). In this case the figure is 77%. The predictive value of a negative (normal) test result is
1087-106 Synergistic effects of the addition of candesartan to enalapril on myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular diastolic function in dogs with heart failure
Authors: Kaoru Funabiki, Katsuya Onishi, Kaoru Dohi, Takafumi Koji, Masaki Tanabe, Tetsuya Kitamura, Masaaki Ito, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Letter by Lensen et al Regarding Article, “Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Therapy Reduces Aortic Inflammation and Stiffness in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis”
Authors: Karel-Jan D.F. Lensen, Alper M. van Sijl, Yvo M. Smulders
Journal: Circulation (2013)

We read with interest the article by Mäki-Petäjä et al 1 describing the effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy on vascular inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.The suggestion of subclinical vasculitis as a contributor to cardiovascular complications is intriguing, but was it really vasculitis they saw, or atherosclerosis?First, the pattern of aortic 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) uptake does not suggest vasculitis.The focal rather than diffuse distribution of the lesions displayed in the figure is much more suggestive of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. 2It would be interesting to see additional images showing the overall distribution of 18 F-FDG uptake.Additionally, because the ascending thoracic aorta and cervical arteries are supposed to be primarily involved in large-vessel vasculitis, 2 did the authors find any pattern in tissue tropism for segments belonging to the most diseased segments supporting the hypothesis of subclinical vasculitis?Second, the intensity of 18 F-FDG uptake is important, because atherosclerotic lesions have much lower uptake than seen in vasculitis. 2 The authors compare their quantitative data with standardized uptake values that were reported in earlier vasculitis studies.However, as previously acknowledged by 1 of the authors, methodological differences between studies may account for differences in the quantification of vascular 18 F-FDG uptake and require more uniformity. 3These differences include using stand-alone positron emission tomography (lacking computed tomography-guided attenuation correction) instead of hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography, variable 18 F-FDG circulation times (from 45 to 90 minutes), and variable use of a target-to-background ratio to quantify uptake intensity.Additionally, marked age differences (up to 30 years) between studies are critical, because vascular standardized uptake values significantly increase with age, even in patients without cardiovascular disease. 4In addition, alternative work suggests a much higher standardized uptake value (ie, a standardized uptake value of 3.0) in vasculitis patients than in the study by Hautzel et al. 5 The results of the study of Mäki-Petäjä et al 1 are important in that they show enhanced vascular inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.The next challenge is to figure out the origin of this inflammatory activity.
Masked polycythemia Vera (mPV): Results of an international study
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Jürgen Thiele, Heinz Gisslinger, Guido Finazzi, Alessandra Carobbio, Elisa Rumi, Maria Luigia Randi, Irene Betozzi, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Lisa Pieri, Valentina Carrai, Bettina Gisslinger, Leonhard Müllauer, Marco Ruggeri, Alessandro Rambaldi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

We examined the baseline features and clinical outcomes of 140 patients presenting with JAK2V617F positivity and a bone marrow morphology conforming with WHO criteria of polycythemia vera (PV), but a hemoglobin level of <18.5 g/dL in males (range 16.0-18.4) and <16.5 g/dL in females (range 15.0-16.4). This cohort operationally referred to as masked PV (mPV) was compared with 257 patients with overt PV and displayed male predominance, a more frequent history of arterial thrombosis and thrombocytosis. Incidence of thrombosis was similar between the two groups but mPV displayed significantly higher rates of progression to myelofibrosis and acute leukemia and inferior survival. In multivariable analysis mPV diagnosis was an independent predictor of poor survival along with age >65 years and leukocyte count >10 × 10(9) /L. Our data suggest that mPV is a heterogeneous myeloproliferative neoplasia and not necessarily an early/ pre-polycythemic form of classical PV that at onset in a small fraction of patients clinically may mimic essential thrombocythemia. On the other hand, the majority mPV may have a longer prodrome of undiagnosed PV or a disease biology akin to primary myelofibrosis-post PV myelofibrosis that could explain the worsening of outcome in comparison to overt/classical manifestations.
Linear focal elastosis (elastotic striae): increased number of elastic fibres determined by a video measuring system
Authors: F. BREIER, F. TRAUTINGER, W. JURECKA, H. HÖNIGSMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We present an unusual case of linear focal elastosis occurring exclusively on the legs of a 13-year-old girl. An increase of elastic fibres (EF) was demonstrated histologically, and the number of EF in lesional and normal skin was quantified using a video measuring system. EF were found to be increased by about 100% in lesional skin compared with unaffected skin. EF were elongated, thinned and split at their ends with a paintbrush formation.
Pseudofontanelle in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: M. J. Nissenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Lytic bone lesions are commonly associated with multiple myeloma. In about 65% of patients, skeletal x-ray films will show bone lesions that are best seen on lateral skull and anteroposterior pelvic films.  Less common are palpable plasmacytomas—which grow from areas of underlying bone destruction. These lesions occur in approximately 15% of patients and are usually seen in the skull, sternum, and clavicles where the skin is contiguous to the affected bones.  We have seen two patients with palpable plasmacytomas of the skull, who during intensive treatment with high-dose cyclophosphamide for their systemic disease experienced a resolution of the plasmacytomas. The disappearance of the superficial mass resulted in the formation of a fontanelle-like lesion that was easily palpable on the patient's skull.  Report of Cases.—  Case1.—A 62-year-old woman with nonsecretory multiple myeloma had an elevated, firm, nontender 3×3.5-cm left-sided parietal plasmacytoma developed. On the second day of
President's Address to the House of Delegates
Authors: James Z. Appel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In 1765 a handful of physicians in this city of 25,000 residents had an idea—a dream of training new physicians in a school of medicine. Their purpose was simple and direct: to have a continuing supply of trained physicians who could provide quality medical care. So, 200 years ago formal medical education in America began with the establishment of the College of Philadelphia—later to become the University of Pennsylvania. And three years later, in 1768, the first ten new physicians were graduated. Later, in this city of Philadelphia a group of 56 men, including five physicians, gathered in 1776. They too had an idea— a dream of freeing their country from tyranny, of declaring their country independent, and of unifying their countrymen. They too succeeded, for a new nation soon was to be established. Their purpose also was simple and direct: to establish a new government which would insure the