tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The hard boiled saint: Selwyn-Clarke in Hong Kong
Authors: M. Horder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

the name Selwyn-Clarke by deed poll during the first world war, expressly so that he could collect his letters more promptly on active service, there being already a surfeit of ordinary Clarkes in his division.It was the kind of original, independent act that was completely typical ofthe man. Early careerHe was born in North Finchley in December 1893, the fifth of a London solicitor's 11 children.Educated at Bedales, he joined St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School in 1912 and qualified in 1916.He served as medical officer with two different units in France, was twice wounded, and was awarded the Military Cross in 1918.Some brief excursions into general practice led him to resolve that never again would he take a patient's money in exchange for his medical services; so that after the war in 1919 he volunteered for the Colonial Medical Service, which gave him his first civil posting abroad, to the Gold Coast.Few Europeans survived the savage heat of West Africa for more than a few short tours of duty.Selwyn- Clarke served there (including a two year secondment to Malaya) for more than 17 years.In addition to his routine public health duties, he immersed himself in the pioneer work on control of yellow fever that was being carried out in West Africa; his share of the work included inoculating himself with some of the experi- mental vaccines.He remembered with the greatest pride that, when all the former European street names were changed (with the coming of the new state of Ghana), the name of Selwyn Market, which he had caused to be built in Accra, was alone retained and is retained to this day.During
Critical periods for behavioral anomalies in mice.
Authors: P M Rodier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

While mice have been used less frequently than rats in behavioral research, there use has some advantages in teratological studies. The development of the mouse CNS has been investigated more extensively than that of the rat. Since time of insult has been found to be an important factor in effects on both anatomy and behavior, data on the sequence of events in CNS development are valuable in planning and interpreting behavioral assessments of potential teratogens. A comparison of studies in mice and rats suggests that behavioral effects of teratogens are similar in the two species and demonstrates that mice can be used successfully in a variety of behavioral evaluations.
Quality and professionalism in health care: a review of current initiatives in the NHS
Authors: D. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Since the start of the 1990s the NHS and the clinical professions have made significant investments in quality management in health care, and a plethora of initiatives has been aimed at service improvement. From a patient's perspective the extent to which these exercises have been cost effective is uncertain, although they have certainly involved great effort and enterprise on the part of many clinicians and managers. An important opportunity now exists to integrate this work into the mainstream of clinical and general service management. If clinicians can accept quality management concepts as central to their professional ethos and regulatory structures this could help them to maintain their professional authority and protect them and their patients from imposed decisions based on inadequate understanding of health care costs and benefits.
The role of galectin-3 and galectin-3–binding protein in venous thrombosis
Authors: Elise P. DeRoo, Shirley K. Wrobleski, Evelyn M. Shea, Ramsey K. Al-Khalil, Angela E. Hawley, Peter K. Henke, Daniel D. Myers, Thomas W. Wakefield, Jose A. Diaz
Journal: Blood (2014)
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IN A WHITE ADULT
Authors: Alexander Zaberdinos
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Three cases of sickle cell anemia have been reported previously in Greece, but no instance in which the disease occurred in a white person in any other country is mentioned in the European literature. It is believed that the disease occurs in Greece in a mild form. A fourth case of sickle cell anemia in a white adult is reported. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> The patient, a 30-year-old Greek army officer, was admitted to the hospital complaining of weakness, languor, faintness, vertigo, and palpitations. His parents were healthy, with normal blood cell counts, blood bilirubin, Wassermann reactions, and absence of sickle cells in staining tests. A maternal uncle who is suffering from chronic malaria with anemia could not be contacted for a blood test. The disease started in early childhood. The skin and sclerae had a permanent yellow tint. Crises had occurred frequently and periodically, with pain in the long
A Defoaming Agent Should Be Used with Pronase Premedication to Improve Visibility in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: C. H. Kuo, B. S. Sheu, A. W. Kao, C. H. Wu, C. H. Chuang
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: The study tested whether pronase can improve endoscopic visibility and alter the accuracy of the CLO test for H. pylori detection. Patients and Methods: A total of 160 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of five premedications for endoscopy: group A: dimethylpolysiloxane (DMPS) alone; group B: DMPS plus water (up to 100 ml); group C: pronase only, with 100 ml water; group D: pronase and sodium bicarbonate plus water up to 100 ml; group E: pronase, sodium bicarbonate, and DMPS, plus water up to 100 ml. Endoscopists, who were unaware of the premedication method administered, assessed visibility scores (range 1 - 4) for the antrum, lower gastric body, upper gastric body, and fundus. The higher the score, the less clear the visibility. The sum of scores from the four locations was defined as the total visibility score. A CLO test was also done during the endoscopy. One week after their endoscopy, patients in groups C, D, and E were scheduled for a 13C-urea breath test (UBT). Results: Group E patients had a significantly lower total visibility score than those in the other four groups (P < 0.05). Groups C and D had higher total visibility scores than the other three groups (P < 0.05). The scores did not significantly differ between groups A and B. Based on the UBT results, the sensitivity and specificity of the CLO test were 92.6 % and 96.2 %, respectively. Conclusions: Premedication as in group E provided the clearest endoscopic visibility. Without the application of DMPS, pronase alone cannot improve endoscopic visibility. Pronase does not influence H. pylori identification using the CLO test.
Chronic hepatitis in childhood: the spectrum of the disease.
Authors: F Bortolotti, R Calzia, A Vegnente, P Cadrobbi, M Rugge, M Armigliato, M G Marazzi, R Iorio, C Crivellaro, R Piscopo
Journal: Gut (1988)

During a multicentre study of chronic hepatitis in childhood diagnosed by biopsy, the spectrum of the disease has been evaluated in 196 consecutive patients, including 157 from Northern Italy and 39 from Southern Italy. Only 31% of patients in the former group and 27% in the latter were symptomatic when first seen: the majority of cases being seen after familial screenings for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers or during intercurrent infections, thus suggesting that the frequency of chronic hepatitis in childhood might be largely underestimated in our area. In Southern and Northern Italy 83% of symptomatic and 95% of asymptomatic patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive in serum; only 15 (8.3%) of these children were born to mothers known to be HBsAg positive at delivery, but a high circulation of HBV was found in their families: in fact more than 65% of household contacts in Northern Italy and more than 90% in Southern Italy had serological evidence of past or ongoing HBV infection. These data indicate that, although familial screenings for HBV could have enhanced the percentage of HBsAg positive asymptomatic cases, chronic hepatitis in Italian children is mainly caused by HBV infection acquired in the familial setting through horizontal transmission. Such findings also emphasise the importance of mass vaccination of infants as the most effective means to prevent chronic type B hepatitis in childhood in our area. Among HBsAg positive children 55% had histological features of chronic active hepatitis and 85% were hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) positive in serum. Anti-HBe positive hepatitis was significantly more frequent in Southern than in Northern Italy in parallel with the significantly higher prevalence (17%) of hepatitis delta virus infection in that area. Of the 16 HBsAg negative cases included in the study three had autoimmune hepatitis, three Wilson9s disease, one alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, and nine had cryptogenic hepatitis, often associated to mild liver lesions resembling those seen in our adult patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis unrelated to percutaneous exposure.
CALM/AF10-positive leukemias show upregulation of genes involved in chromatin assembly and DNA repair processes and of genes adjacent to the breakpoint at 10p12
Authors: M A Mulaw, A J Krause, A J Deshpande, L F Krause, A Rouhi, R La Starza, A Borkhardt, C Buske, C Mecucci, W-D Ludwig, C Lottaz, S K Bohlander
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Resetting of ventricular tachycardia by single extrastimuli. Relation to slow conduction within the reentrant circuit.
Authors: G N Kay, A E Epstein, V J Plumb
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Although both transient entrainment and resetting with single extrastimuli have been demonstrated during sustained ventricular tachycardia related to previous myocardial infarction, the relation between these phenomena has not been defined. Because transient entrainment is only demonstrated when the mechanism of a tachycardia is reentry with an excitable gap, the resetting response to timed premature extrastimuli was studied in patients with ventricular tachycardia and correlated with the ability to demonstrate transient entrainment. The importance of the location of pacing and recording electrodes relative to regions of slow conduction within the reentry circuit for demonstrating specific characteristics of the resetting response after single extrastimuli was examined in 16 patients with 21 distinct morphologies of ventricular tachycardia related to coronary artery disease. At electrophysiological study, intracardiac electrograms were recorded simultaneously from four sites in the right ventricle and four sites in the left ventricle during ventricular tachycardia. Both resetting and transient entrainment could be demonstrated for 18 of the 21 (86%) ventricular tachycardias. The resetting response at each intracardiac recording site was defined as orthodromic or antidromic, based on the conduction time from the pacing stimulus to the recording site and the morphology of the captured (advanced) electrogram. An orthodromic resetting response was associated with demonstration of transient entrainment at 76 of 82 (93%) recording sites, implying that the pacing site was proximal and the recording site was distal to a region of slow conduction. In contrast, an antidromic resetting response was associated with transient entrainment at only six of 154 (4%) recording sites, suggesting that the pacing site was not separated from the recording site by a region of slow conduction (p = 0.001). The return cycle at the site of pacing exceeded the tachycardia cycle length in all episodes of ventricular tachycardia. At orthodromically activated recording sites, however, resetting was associated with a return cycle less than the tachycardia cycle length. Thus, orthodromic resetting demonstrates that a pause is not an integral part of the resetting response but that premature extrastimuli preexcite the reentrant circuit by entering the excitable gap, conducting through a region of slow conduction, and emerging distally without a change in activation sequence. In all episodes of ventricular tachycardia, the slope of the return cycle at the pacing site was determined by the conduction properties to the orthodromically activated sites, with increasing patterns (n = 6) produced by progressive conduction delay in the reentrant circuit at shorter coupling intervals and flat patterns (n = 3) produced by a constant orthodromic conduction interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Gaps in Doctor-Patient Communication
Authors: Vida Francis, Barbara M. Korsch, Marie J. Morris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Study of 800 outpatient visits to Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles to explore the effect of the verbal interaction between doctor and patient on patient satisfaction and follow-through on medical advice showed 24 per cent of patients to be grossly dissatisfied, 38 per cent moderately compliant and 11 per cent noncompliant. The extent to which patients' expectations from the medical visit were left unmet, lack of warmth in the doctor–patient relation, and failure to receive an explanation of diagnosis and cause of the child's illness were key factors in noncompliance. Complexity of the medical regimen and other practical obstacles also interfered with compliance. There was a significant relation between patient satisfaction and compliance. Also, illnesses that the mothers regarded as very serious were associated with increased compliance. There was no significant relation between the demographic variables tested and satisfaction or compliance.
Peptic ulcer, cimetidine, and motor neurone disease--a record linkage study.
Authors: M P Vessey, M J Goldacre, V Seagroatt, D Yeates
Journal: Gut (1993)

A previous cohort study suggested that there might be an association between use of cimetidine and motor neurone disease. The Oxford Record Linkage Study was used to explore this hypothesis. In the analysis the presence of a peptic ulcer in patients after 1976 was taken as a proxy for cimetidine (and ranitidine) use. The past history of 540 patients with motor neurone disease in this period was compared with that of 1370 patients with multiple sclerosis (neurological controls) and over 240,000 control patients with a variety of other conditions. Among those with motor neurone disease, five had been previously admitted to hospital with peptic ulcer in comparison with an expected number of 7.4 (morbidity ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.2 to 1.6). The corresponding figures for those with multiple sclerosis were 12 and 9.7 respectively (morbidity ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 2.2). This study provides some evidence against the possibility that cimetidine (and ranitidine) are related to motor neurone disease.
TOOTHPICKS AS FOREIGN BODIES
Authors: G. M. LIVINGSTON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

I wish to report a somewhat unique case occurring in my practice a short time ago.  The patient, H. B., hotel proprietor, is a strong-looking, rugged man, 35 years of age, of splendid physique, and up to the occurrence to be reported had been in excellent health.  Early one morning I was called to this patient and informed that he had suffered from most distressing abdominalpains during the past night. These he described as cutting or stabbing, and while diffused somewhat over the greater part of the abdomen, they were localized for the most part in the lower gastric region, near the median line. At first glance one would think of a beginning gastro-enteritis or a possible nidus of infection in the right iliac fossa, but
Functionalism without multiple supervenience
Authors: Ausonio Marras
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Multiple supervenience is a problematic notion whose role can well be served by a contextualized or properly restricted standard notion of supervenience. It is furthermore not needed to defend functionalism against Kim's charge that cross-classifying taxonomies imply a serious form of dualism; nor does Ross &amp; Spurrett's (R&amp;S's) Kitcherian account of the metaphysics of causation crucially depend on multiple supervenience.
Chronic Treatment with a Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Suppresses Apoptosis of Corporal Smooth Muscle by Potentiating Akt Signalling in a Rat Model of Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Kwanjin Park, Kyong Shin Ryu, Wen Ji Li, Soo Woong Kim, Jae-Seung Paick
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Ernest M. Daland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THIRTY years ago my interest in malignant melanomas originated with a forty-seven-year-old woman who consulted me for a large mass in the left axilla that was causing pressure symptoms. She gave a history of the removal of some type of "mole" from the forearm a few months before. In an attempt to relieve her pain, the axillary mass was removed, but thorough axillary dissection was not carried out. She lived for twenty years and died of other causes.Time has taught me that the treatment given this patient was inadequate and also that malignant melanomas are not all as easily . . .
Globalization of Diabetes
Authors: Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. Fueled by rapid urbanization, nutrition transition, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the epidemic has grown in parallel with the worldwide rise in obesity. Asia's large population and rapid economic development have made it an epicenter of the epidemic. Asian populations tend to develop diabetes at younger ages and lower BMI levels than Caucasians. Several factors contribute to accelerated diabetes epidemic in Asians, including the “normal-weight metabolically obese” phenotype; high prevalence of smoking and heavy alcohol use; high intake of refined carbohydrates (e.g., white rice); and dramatically decreased physical activity levels. Poor nutrition in utero and in early life combined with overnutrition in later life may also play a role in Asia's diabetes epidemic. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies have contributed substantially to our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology, but currently identified genetic loci are insufficient to explain ethnic differences in diabetes risk. Nonetheless, interactions between Westernized diet and lifestyle and genetic background may accelerate the growth of diabetes in the context of rapid nutrition transition. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications. Translating these findings into practice, however, requires fundamental changes in public policies, the food and built environments, and health systems. To curb the escalating diabetes epidemic, primary prevention through promotion of a healthy diet and lifestyle should be a global public policy priority.
DEFORMITIES OF THE VULVA FROM EARLY AND LATE INDURATING EDEMA.
Authors: ROBERT W. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1907)

I have many times been struck with the want of familiarity of physicians with the lesions of the vulva produced by the indurating edema of syphilis. As an example of this unfamiliarity and even ignorance, I may say that I have seen instances of this affection diagnosticated as cold abscess, traumatism, elephantiasis, lymphatic infiltration, anomalous varicocele, fibroma diffusum, lipoma, sarcoma and a local anasarca, tuberculosis and cancer. While in many instances doubt and uncertainty have been present in the minds of the observers of early cases of this affection, in the study of more advanced ones a number of surgeons and gynecologists whom I have seen had not the slightest conception of the nature of the lesions before them. It seems to me, therefore, that the time is ripe for an illuminating paper on this subject. Then, again, little has been written and little is known of the outcome of
Identifying and individuating the psychological mechanisms that underlie musical emotions
Authors: Helge Malmgren
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Juslin &amp; Västfjäll (J&amp;V) have suggested a promising theoretical framework for understanding musical emotions. However, the way they classify the hypothetical underlying psychological mechanisms suffers from certain weaknesses, both in principle and when it comes to details. It is proposed that the authors consider incorporating ideas from a recent dissertation that has advanced another multimechanism theory of musical emotions.
Home care for patients with suspected myocardial infarction: use made by general practitioners of a hospital team for initial management.
Authors: J M Rowley, J R Hampton, J R Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Two hundred and sixty three general practitioners were offered the use of a hospital based service consisting of a medical senior house officer, a nurse attached to a coronary care unit, and a specially equipped ambulance estate car to help with the initial management of patients with suspected myocardial infarction who might be suitable for home care. One hundred and sixty nine general practitioners registered as potential users of this service; during 22 months they called the hospital team to see 271 patients, 235 of whom the team suspected had indeed suffered a myocardial infarction. During the same period, however, these general practitioners also admitted 317 patients with suspected myocardial infarction directly to hospital. Other general practitioners admitted 323 patients and deputising doctors 258. A further 529 patients with suspected infarction were admitted without the intervention of a general practitioner. Of the patients seen by the team, 54 required immediate admission to hospital; 17 of the remaining patients who initially appeared suitable for home care later required admission to hospital. In a large city such as Nottingham the provision of hospital based facilities to help general practitioners with home management is unlikely to make an appreciable impact on the overall pattern of care of patients with suspected myocardial infarction.
Fibrocyte trafficking in patients with chronic obstructive asthma and during an acute asthma exacerbation
Authors: Chun-Hua Wang, Tushar Harishchandra Punde, Chien-Da Huang, Pai-Chien Chou, Tzu-Ting Huang, Wen-Hao Wu, Cheng-Hsien Liu, Kian Fan Chung, Han-Pin Kuo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Oxygen dependent pyruvate oxidase expression and production in Streptococcus sanguinis
Authors: Lan‐yan Zheng, Andreas Itzek, Zhi‐yun Chen, Jens Kreth
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2011)

The objective of this study was to characterize the oxygen dependent regulation of pyruvate oxidase (SpxB) gene expression and protein production in Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis). SpxB is responsible for the generation of growth‐inhibiting amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) able to antagonize cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Furthermore, the ecological consequence of H2O2 production was investigated in its self‐inhibiting ability towards the producing strain. Expression of spxB was determined with quantitative Real‐Time RT‐PCR and a fluorescent expression reporter strain. Protein abundance was investigated with FLAG epitope engineered in frame on the C‐terminal end of SpxB. Self inhibition was tested with an antagonism plate assay. The expression and protein abundance decreased in cells grown under anaerobic conditions. S. sanguinis was resistant against its own produced H2O2, while cariogenic S. mutans was inhibited in its growth. The results suggest that S. sanguinis produces H2O2 as antimicrobial substance to inhibit susceptible niche competing species like S. mutans during initial biofilm formation, when oxygen availability allows for spxB expression and Spx production.