tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation Among Adolescents
Authors: Krishna G. Badami
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyponatremia in rats induces downregulation of vasopressin synthesis.
Authors: A G Robinson, M M Roberts, W A Evron, J G Verbalis, T G Sherman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Hyponatremia due to inappropriate secretion of vasopressin is a common disorder in human pathophysiology, but vasopressin synthesis during hypoosmolality has not been investigated. We used a new method to quantitate synthesis of vasopressin in rats after 3, 7, and 14 d of hyponatremia induced by administering dDAVP (a vasopressin agonist) and a liquid diet. Vasopressin synthesis was completely turned off by 7 d. Vasopressin mRNA levels in the hypothalamus paralleled the reduction in synthesis and were reduced to levels of only 10-15% of the content in control rats. When hyponatremia was corrected by withdrawal of dDAVP, vasopressin mRNA slowly returned to normal over 7 d. The observation that vasopressin synthesis can be so completely turned off leads to several conclusions: under normal physiological conditions the neurohypophysis is chronically upregulated; there must be an osmotic threshold for initiation of vasopressin synthesis (and release); the large store of hormone in the posterior pituitary is essential for vasopressin to be available during times of decreased synthesis; and, finally, some nonosmolar stimulus for synthesis must be present during clinical disorders when vasopressin is secreted (and synthesized) despite hypoosmolality.
Colchicine in acute gout: Authors' reply
Authors: I. Morris
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Cox rightly points out that a total dose of colchicine has been introduced to advice in the BNF ( British National Formulary ) in recent years and is now at a 6 mg limit. The advice that has not changed is the traditional high dose regimen of 1 mg, followed every two hours by 0.5 mg, until …
Direct Inhibition of Elastase Activity by Indole-3-Carbinol Triggers a CD40-TRAF Regulatory Cascade That Disrupts NF-κB Transcriptional Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ida Aronchik, Leonard F. Bjeldanes, Gary L. Firestone
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Treatment of highly tumorigenic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with indole-3-carbinol (I3C) directly inhibited the extracellular elastase-dependent cleavage of membrane-associated CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. CD40 signaling has been implicated in regulating cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation, as well as in sensitizing breast cancer cells to chemotherapy, and is therefore an important potential target of novel breast cancer treatments. The I3C-dependent accumulation of full-length unprocessed CD40 protein caused a shift in CD40 signaling through TNF receptor–associated factors (TRAF), including the TRAF1/TRAF2 positive regulators and TRAF3 negative regulator of NF-κB transcription factor activity. Because TRAF1 is a transcriptional target gene of NF-κB, I3C disrupted a positive feedback loop involving these critical cell survival components. siRNA ablation of elastase expression mimicked the I3C inhibition of CD40 protein processing and G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas siRNA knockdown of TRAF3 and the NF-κB inhibitor IκB prevented the I3C-induced cell cycle arrest. In contrast, siRNA knockdown of PTEN had no effect on the I3C control of NF-κB activity, showing the importance of CD40 signaling in regulating this transcription factor. Our study provides the first direct in vitro evidence that I3C directly inhibits the elastase-mediated proteolytic processing of CD40, which alters downstream signaling to disrupt NF-κB–induced cell survival and proliferative responses. Furthermore, we have established a new I3C-mediated antiproliferative cascade that has significant therapeutic potential for treatment of human cancers associated with high levels of elastase and its CD40 membrane substrate. Cancer Res; 70(12); 4961–71. ©2010 AACR.
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: Looking to the Future
Authors: Anthony J. Alberg, Malcolm V. Brock, Jonathan M. Samet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

In the United States, the 20th century witnessed the emergence of a lung cancer epidemic that peaked and began to decline by the century's end, a decline that continues today. However, lung cancer continues to be an unabating pandemic. In research carried out over the last half of the 20th century, many factors were causally associated with lung cancer and studies were implemented to identify determinants of susceptibility to these factors. Cigarette smoking was identified as the single most predominant cause of the lung cancer epidemic, but other causes were found, including workplace agents (eg, asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, and radon) and other environmental factors (passive smoking, indoor radon, and air pollution). Contemporary epidemiologic research on lung cancer now focuses on a new set of issues, primarily related to susceptibility to the well-identified causal factors, particularly smoking, and on the consequences of changes in tobacco products for risks to smokers. Diet and the possibility of reducing risk through chemoprevention remain a focus of research emphasis through experimental and observational approaches. Questions have also been raised about possible differences in susceptibility to lung cancer by sex and race. Population patterns in smoking prevalence will continue to be the most powerful predictor of the future occurrence of lung cancer. Evaluation of recent US patterns in smoking prevalence indicates that for the next approximately 10 to 15 years, lung cancer rates will decrease, but will then level off starting in approximately 2030. Unless further reductions in the prevalence of cigarette smoking are achieved over the next decade, lung cancer will remain as an all too common, but avoidable, disease.
Italian doctors welcome plans for 24 hour opening
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Plans to introduce general practitioner clinics that are open 24 hours a day form the centrepiece of a major health bill that the technocrat government of Mario Monti hopes will overhaul Italy’s massively bureaucratic health system.

Expanding the scope and availability of primary care will, ministers hope, ease the burden on desperately overworked accident and emergency departments, which are the first port of call for many sick Italians.

The Italian Federation of General Practitioners has welcomed the plans. “We think this reform is the most important there’s been since 1980,” said Giacomo Milillo, the group’s secretary.

Health minister Renato Balduzzi wants the expanded GP centres to offer facilities that allow specialist doctors and nurses …
Heart and lung transplantation in patients with end stage lung disease.
Authors: A Penketh, T Higenbottam, M Hakim, J Wallwork
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Combined heart and lung transplantation was used to treat seven patients with end stage lung disease. All were severely disabled, and their disease carried a poor prognosis. Six patients were well four to 33 months after transplantation. One patient died after 44 days from a primary cytomegalovirus pneumonia transmitted from the donor. All the survivors had normal exercise tolerance and greatly improved lung function. It is concluded that heart and lung transplantation is a suitable treatment for selected patients with end stage chronic lung disease.
Clinical Experience with the Use of Aortic Valve Homografts for Reconstruction of the Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Valve, and Outflow Portion of the Right Ventricle
Authors: CLARENCE S. WELDON, RICHARD D. ROWE, VINCENT L. GOTT
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Four patients with ventricular septal defect, infundibular right ventricular obstruction, and associated abnormalities of the pulmonary valve or main pulmonary artery have been treated by a combination of ventricular septal defect closure, infundibular myomectomy, and insertion of an aortic homograft into the pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary valvular competence has been restored in all four cases. A single fatality has resulted, and was associated with bacterial destruction of the homograft. The hemodynamics of pulmonary valvular insufficiency are discussed, and indications for homograft replacement of the pulmonary valve are outlined.
Abstract ES4-2: Cognitive Changes and Breast Cancer Treatments
Authors: PA Ganz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cognitive difficulties after cancer treatment are among the most feared outcomes voiced by patients who are approaching the start of chemotherapy. This phenomenon, sometimes referred to as “chemo brain” or “chemo fog,” is quite common during the acute course of chemotherapy treatment. This may result from direct antieneoplastic drug toxicity, use of premedications and anxiolytics to prevent nausea and vomiting, as well as the expected anxiety, depression, and sleep deprivation that accompanies a new diagnosis of cancer and initiation of treatment. For most patients, this fog clears after the completion of acute treatments, and as with many physical symptoms, resolves in the following months. However, 15–25% of post-treatment patients, cognitive complaints persist long after treatment ends. Reports of difficulty concentrating, remembering recent events, multi-tasking, and paying attention are frequent in such patients. For those used to carrying on demanding executive function activities prior to cancer treatment, this can lead to substantial disruption in work and home life. Most of the studies conducted to date with early stage breast cancer have not accounted for the impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy alone or added to adjuvant chemotherapy. This presentation will review emerging data regarding self-reported cognitive complaints, neuropsychological testing, and brain imaging as they related to adjuvant therapies for breast cancer. In addition, some of the developing information about potential mechanisms associated with this late effect will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES4-2.
Visual Symptoms after Atenolol Therapy for Migraine
Authors: Kusum L. Kumar, Thomas G. Cooney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1990Visual Symptoms after Atenolol Therapy for MigraineKusum L. Kumar, MD, Thomas G. Cooney, MDKusum L. Kumar, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Thomas G. Cooney, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-9-712_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Chronic headache is common in the general population. Ten to twenty percent of chronic headaches are migraine. Beta blockers have been used widely to prevent both common and classic migraine for more than 20 years. In studies documenting the effectiveness of propranolol and other beta blockers, including atenolol, timolol, nadolol, and metoprolol, in preventing migraine, the reported side effects have been drowsiness, fatigue, nightmares, and depression. We report a patient who developed marked visual symptoms consisting of scotoma and scintillations in the absence of headache after treatment of her migraine with atenolol.A 37-year-old woman was seen...References1. Gilbert G. An occurrence of complicated migraine during propranolol therapy. Headache. 1982;22:81-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BardwellTrott AJ. Stroke in migraine as a consequence of propranolol. Headache. 1987;27:381-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Prendes J. Considerations on the use of propranolol in complicated migraine. Headache. 1980;20:93-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HedmanAndersenAndersson CAP. Symptoms of classic migraine attacks: modifications brought about by metoprolol. Cephalalgia. 1988;8:279-84. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Solomon G. Comparative efficacy of calcium antagonist drugs in the prophylaxis of migraine. Headache. 1985;25:368-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kusum L. Kumar, MD; Thomas G. Cooney, MDAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University Veterans Affairs Medical Center Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiac, Vascular, and Renal DrugsDrug-induced ocular side effectsIatrogenic neurologyDrug-induced ocular side effectsMigräne 1 May 1990Volume 112, Issue 9Page: 712-713KeywordsFatigueMigraine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Experimental gold nephropathy in guinea pigs: Detection of autoantibodies to renal tubular antigens
Authors: Shiro Ueda, Masafumi Wakashin, Yoko Wakashin, Hiromichi Yoshida, Kenji Iesato, Teruo Mori, Yoshio Mori, Bunshiro Akikusa, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Kidney International (1986)
ABC of palliative care: Difficult pain problems
Authors: J Sykes, R Johnson, G W Hanks
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Roughly 80-90% of pain due to cancer can be relieved relatively simply with oral analgesics and adjuvant drugs in accordance with the World Health Organisation's guidelines.The remaining 10-20% can be difficult to treat.The terminology used to describe pains that are not easily controlled with opioid analgesics is confusing.It is rarely the case that pain can be described as non-responsive or resistant to opioid analgesics because this implies an all or nothing phenomenon.Usually, pain in cancer responds at least partially to opioids, and a preferable term is "opioid-poorly-responsive pain."A pragmatic clinical definition is that such pain is inadequately relieved by opioid analgesics given in a dose that causes intolerable adverse effects despite optimal measures to control them.The most common example is neuropathic pain. Neuropathic painNeuropathic pain arises from damaged nervous tissue, whereas nociceptive pain results from actual or potential tissue damage.Neuropathic pain may be produced by a tumour infiltrating or compressing nervous tissue, either centrally or peripherally, and may also be caused by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or viral infection.Patients may describe the pain as burning, stabbing, stinging, or aching.It may be felt superficially or deeply and be constant or intermittent.It may be spontaneous or precipitated by various stimuli, some of which are not normally painful (allodynia), such as a light touch or cold.
Delivery of Mother and Child-Reply
Authors: Morris Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  I agree that usage determines what is proper with words. However, one has  decide on the authorities who will determine usage. A poll showing the numbers of people who use words in a certain way is not the determinant; rather, the determinant is the use of the word by those particularly qualified in the field concerned. In making the answer forThe Journal, I consulted all of the best available dictionaries. I did not have, however, the very latest dictionary which is the Webster's Third New International Dictionary , just published. On page 597, under the designation 3A, appear the following usages for the word deliver: to assist (a parturient female) in giving birth.  example is: She was delivered of a fine boy or The doctor has delivered several thousand women in his long career. Also: to aid in the birth of, and the quote is:
Risk factors in Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: L J Whalley
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The calcium antagonist activity of the long-acting 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) lacidipine has been analyzed in rabbit basilar artery using a washout design in constant depolarizing conditions. From the kinetics of the loss of effect with washing, it was possible to fit a model that included the rate constant for dissociation of the DHP from the membrane (k-1) together with its affinity for the voltage-activated channel (K2). The k-1 values for lacidipine and two other DHPs (amlodipine and nifedipine) have been calculated as 0.0098, 0.0182 and 0.166 min-1, respectively. Assuming that the externally applied concentration of the DHP reflected the concentration in the membrane, the apparent pK2 values of 9.80, 9.0 and 9.25 were calculated for the three calcium antagonists. These values are in good agreement with those estimated in a previous study. When the partition of lacidipine into the membrane was taken into consideration, its apparent pK2 was reduced to 4.85. Thus, the study reinforces the concept that the high membrane partition of lacidipine contributes not only to its duration of action but also to its very high potency.
Medicines used in respiratory diseases only seen in children
Authors: W. Lenney, A. L. Boner, L. Bont, A. Bush, K-H. Carlsen, E. Eber, B. Fauroux, M. Götz, A. Greenough, J. Grigg, J. Hull, J. Kimpen, M. Sánchez Luna, F. M. de Benedictis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Detailed literature searches were carried out in seven respiratory disease areas. Therapeutic evidence for efficacy of medicinal products was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology, as well as an assessment of safety and side-effects. Systemic corticosteroids may reduce the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia but have serious side-effects. Antioxidants need further study to demonstrate whether they have long-term benefits. Treatments for acute bronchiolitis have shown little benefit but new antiviral and monoclonal antibodies need further assessment. Well-constructed studies are needed to confirm the value of inhaled corticosteroids and/or montelukast in the management of viral-induced wheeze. Corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in croup. Minimal or no information is available for the treatment of congenital lung abnormalities, bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial lung disease.
AMMONIATED MERCURY POISONING.
Authors: E. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article AMMONIATED MERCURY POISONING. Get access E. YOUNG, M.D. E. YOUNG, M.D. The Dermatological Department, The State University Utrecht Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 12, 1 December 1960, Pages 449–455, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13841.x Published: 01 December 1960
Paradoxical Relationship of Chromosomal Instability with Breast Cancer Outcome: Identification of a Good Prognostic ER Negative/HER2 Negative Breast Cancer Cohort with Extreme Chromosomal Instability.
Authors: C. Swanton, C. Swanton, N. Juul, Q. Li, A. Eklund, A. Richardson, Z. Szallasi, Z. Szallasi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Chromosomal Instability (CIN) is widely held to be associated with poor prognosis in solid tumours, including breast cancer, that may be related to enhanced clonal evolutionary capacity and the rapid acquisition of multi-drug resistance. Paradoxically, CIN is also associated with tumour suppression in animal models that may result from excessive genomic instability leading to autonomous cell lethality, a phenomenon analogous to "mutational meltdown" in model systems.We addressed whether such a phenomenon could be identified in breast cancer through a meta-analysis of CIN frequency in 1850 breast cancer patients. We assessed the distribution of CIN across breast cancer subtypes and its relationship with clinical outcome and prognosis using a surrogate of CIN, the CIN70 expression signature that correlates robustly with CIN in breast cancers quantified by DNA image cytometry. Increasing degrees of CIN predicted for poor outcome in multivariate analysis of 1850 patients and occurred more frequently in younger patients. Furthermore, CIN was more common in higher risk disease subtypes, including basal-like breast cancer, consistent with this pattern of genomic instability being a major determinant of breast cancer outcome.However, in agreement with previous evidence documenting a role for CIN in mediating cell lethality and tumour suppression in animal models, we demonstrate that a subset of tumours with extremes of CIN, that occur predominantly within the ER negative and HER2 negative subgroup, are associated with unexpected good prognosis in untreated breast cancer patients.We define a threshold of CIN beyond which clinical outcome improves and the relationship between CIN and proliferation is uncoupled. This evidence defines a paradoxical role for CIN in limiting tumour cell viability in vivo and suggests therapeutic strategies to tilt the balance toward CIN-mediated lethality in high-risk breast cancer subtypes in order to improve patient outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3030.
Prognostic Factors in Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous GermCell Testicular Tumors: Rationale for Different Risk-Adapted Treatment
Authors: D. Ondru&scaron;, J. Ma&tcaron;o&scaron;ka, V. Belan, J. Kau&scaron;itz, F. Goncalves, M. Hor&ncaron;&aacute;k
Journal: European Urology (1998)
POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS AT RISK FOR SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST BY CONTRAST-ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SCAR QUANTIFICATION
Authors: Ankur Kalra, Farnaaz Kia, Benjamin Johnson, Marc Newell, Ross Garberich, John Lesser, Raed Abdelhadi, Timothy Henry, Jay Sengupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)