tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytosine methylation and the ecology of intragenomic parasites
Authors: Jeffrey A. Yoder, Colum P. Walsh, Timothy H. Bestor
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1997)

Most of the 5-methylcytosine in mammalian DNA resides in transposons, which are specialized intragenomic parasites that represent at least 35% of the genome. Transposon promoters are inactive when methylated and, over time, C-->T transition mutations at methylated sites destroy many transposons. Apart from that subset of genes subject to X inactivation and genomic imprinting, no cellular gene in a non-expressing tissue has been proven to be methylated in a pattern that prevents transcription. It has become increasingly difficult to hold that reversible promoter methylation is commonly involved in developmental gene control; instead, suppression of parasitic sequence elements appears to be the primary function of cytosine methylation, with crucial secondary roles in allele-specific gene expression as seen in X inactivation and genomic imprinting.
Recent decisions on liability for transfusion hepatitis
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Scent of Colorectal Cancer: Detection by Volatile Organic Compound Analysis
Authors: Nanne K.H. de Boer, Tim G.J. de Meij, Frank A. Oort, Ilhame Ben Larbi, Chris J.J. Mulder, Adriaan A. van Bodegraven, Marc P. van der Schee
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Acute Abdominal Pain in Childhood, with Special Reference to Cases not due to Acute Appendicitis
Authors: P. F. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Appendicitis is not the only common cause of acute abdominal pain in childhood. Almost equally common is an acute episode which in its early stages resembles acute appendicitis but which subsides without treatment in 24 to 48 hours. The clinical features of this syndrome are contrasted with those of appendicitis. The two conditions cannot always be distinguished on clinical grounds, leading to admission to hospital for observation and the finding of a normal appendix in 14% of operations for suspected appendicitis. Reasons are given for abandoning attempts to diagnose acute mesenteric adenitis at the bedside.
86. Inhibition of Choroidal Neovascularization In Vivo by Adenovirus Mediated Delivery of Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Potential Therapy for Age Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Siobhan Cashman, Rajendra Kumar-Singh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Purpose: Choroidal neovascularization is the leading cause of blindness in age related macular degeneration (AMD). Several lines of evidence implicate increased levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from AMD patients. Current approaches to attenuate VEGF or its receptors, including the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) show significant promise but still have limited efficacy and require repeat administrations using procedures associated with multiple complications. The goal of this study was to develop an approach for long-term endogenous expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) that would significantly attenuate VEGF and hence act as a potential therapy for AMD.

Methods: We developed several shRNAs expressed from recombinant adenovirus. These shRNAs were expressed in human RPE cells in the presence of adenovirus vectors over-expressing VEGF and the amount of VEGF attenuation evaluated. Adenovirus vectors expressing VEGF were subsequently injected into the subretinal space of mice and induction of CNV measured in the presence of adenovirus vectors expressing shRNA targeting VEGF. Results: We identified potent shRNA sequences able to silence VEGF in human RPE cells. When expressed from adenovirus backbones, these shRNA constructs silenced VEGF by 94% at a 1:5 (VEGF:shRNA) molar ratio and 64% at 1:0.05 molar ratio. Adenovirus vectors expressing high levels of VEGF could induce choroidal neovascularization in mice within 5 days. Co injection of VEGF-expressing viruses into mice with shRNA targeting VEGF led to a substantial (84%) reduction in choroidal neovascularization.

Conclusions: shRNA targeting VEGF from adenovirus vectors allows potent attenuation of VEGF and prevents choroidal neovascularization. This approach shows promise as a therapy for AMD.
Advances in the Field of Lentivector-based Transduction of T and B Lymphocytes for Gene Therapy
Authors: Cecilia Frecha, Camille Lévy, François-Loïc Cosset, Els Verhoeyen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Efficient gene transfer into quiescent T and B lymphocytes for gene therapy or immunotherapy purposes may allow the treatment of several genetic dysfunctions of the hematopoietic system, such as immunodeficiencies, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancers and acquired diseases. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) can transduce many types of nonproliferating cells, with the exception of some particular quiescent cell types such as resting T and B cells. In T cells, completion of reverse transcription (RT), nuclear import, and subsequent integration of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped LV (VSVG-LV) genome does not occur efficiently unless they are activated via the T-cell receptor (TCR) or by survival-cytokines inducing them to enter into the G(1b) phase of the cell cycle. Lentiviral transduction of B cells is another matter because even B-cell receptor-stimulation inducing proliferation is not sufficient to allow efficient VSVG-LV transduction. Recently, a new LV carrying the glycoproteins of measles virus (MV) at its surface was able to overcome vector restrictions in both quiescent T and B cells. Importantly, naive as well as memory T and B cells were efficiently transduced while no apparent activation, cell-cycle entry, or phenotypic switch were detected, which opens the door to a multitude of gene therapy and immunotherapy applications as reported here.
AMEBIC INFECTION IN THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
Authors: GEORGE A. DOWLING
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Since the original statement of Lösch concerning disease-causing amebas, there has been discussion and dispute, first, as to whether these organisms actually caused the clinical symptoms and pathologic changes with which they were charged; secondly, as to their classification, differentiation and pathogenicity; thirdly, their nomenclature, various phases of their life cycle, cultivability and methods of transmission; and, finally, these points of dispute having been reasonably well settled, there still seems considerable difference of opinion as to the geographic distribution of the organism and as to whether the clinical manifestations of the disease caused by<i>Endameba histolytica</i>are modified by location or whether the disease in temperate climes may be caused by an organism morphologically indistinguishable from<i>E. histolytica</i>, but less toxic in its action. Further, doubters are not few among clinicians and even among laboratory workers of limited experience who charge that the harmless<i>E. coli</i>is often miscalled<i>E.</i>
A pilot study of the salivary scintigraphy diagnostic performance in a Spanish population with Sjogren's syndrome diagnosed by the European criteria
Authors: R MARTINEZ-LAZARO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

The European classification criteria (ECC) include salivary scintigraphy (SSC) for diagnosing Sjogren's syndrome (SS).1 The performance of this test has been established without considering the ECC for either confirming or excluding SS.1-6 This pilot study aimed at evaluating the performance of the qualitative reading of SSC, performing a clinical measurement of SSC, and establishing the most discriminatory scintigraphic parameters for diagnosing SS in a Spanish population fulfilling the ECC.

This cross sectional study included consecutive patients referred for SCC: 15 healthy volunteers (eight women, seven men; mean (SD) age 50.6 (17.5)), 16 patients with SS based on the ECC (15 women, one man; age 58.1 (10.4)), and 15 xerostomic patients who did not fulfil the ECC, as controls (seven women, eight men; age 53.3 (19.0); AIDS (n=3), chronic parotitis (n=2), sarcoidosis (n=2), or taking drugs that cause dryness (n=8)).

Patients underwent a sufficient number of tests included in the ECC set, if not …
Doctors, the Death Penalty, and Lethal Injections
Authors: Ward Casscells, William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The conservative political mood in the United States and the apparent failure of law-enforcement agencies to curb violent crime have resulted in a resurgence of support for the death penalty across the country. Fifteen years ago, a majority of Americans were against the death penalty. In 1981, a national Gallup poll indicated a large movement in the opposite direction: two thirds of those polled were in favor of capital punishment, and only 25 per cent were against it. In 1982, more states and more high courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, took steps favorable to the application of capital punishment. . . .
Increased Thallium-201 Uptake and Tc-99m Red Blood Cell Accumulation in Hemangioma
Authors: Jos?? Verd??, A Mart??nez, M A. Ant??n, J M. Mu??oz, M Riera, R Jover, O Caballero
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 42-year-old man presented with a slow-growing tumor in his left arm. Three-phase bone scintigraphy suggested a soft tissue tumor with a high degree of vascularization. Intense uptake seen on early images of thallium-201 scintigraphy supported the possibility of a malignancy. Increased radioactivity seen in the lesion with Tc-99m red blood cells suggested a hemangioma. Pathologic diagnosis after surgery was intramuscular capillary type hemangioma. In this case, red blood cell imaging was the most specific radionuclide study in the diagnosis of the hemangioma and it should be the first scintigraphic approach when it is suspected.
Ankylosing Spondylitis-Reply
Authors: Andrei Calin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In Reply.—  In our article the single sentence in question should read B27 testing is 95% sensitive and 94% specific, as pointed out by Dr Crawford. The change does not alter the discussion or conclusion of the article,which is that the neglected clinical history, appropriately used, is the preferable initial screening procedure for ankylosing spondylitis since it is easy, inexpensive, and universally available.  We consider that the use of predictive value as suggested by Dr Crawford is unhelpful and confusing.
Risk of Topical Anesthetic–Induced Methemoglobinemia
Authors: Sejal Chowdhary, Bolanle Bukoye, Arjun M. Bhansali, Alexander R. Carbo, May Adra, Sheila Barnett, Mark D. Aronson, Daniel A. Leffler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Methemoglobinemia is a rare but serious disorder, defined as an increase in oxidized hemoglobin resulting in a reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity. Although methemoglobinemia is a known complication of topical anesthetic use, few data exist on the incidence of and risk factors for this potentially life-threatening disorder.To examine the incidence of and risk factors for procedure-related methemoglobinemia to identify patient populations at high risk for this complication.Retrospective study in an academic research setting.Medical records for all patients diagnosed as having methemoglobinemia during a 10-year period were reviewed.All cases of methemoglobinemia that occurred after the following procedures were included in the analysis: bronchoscopy, nasogastric tube placement, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, transesophageal echocardiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Comorbidities, demographics, concurrent laboratory values, and specific topical anesthetic used were recorded for all cases. Each case was compared with matched inpatient and outpatient cases.In total, 33 cases of methemoglobinemia were identified during the 10-year period among 94,694 total procedures. The mean (SD) methemoglobin concentration was 32.0% (12.4%). The methemoglobinemia prevalence rates were 0.160% for bronchoscopy, 0.005% for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 0.250% for transesophageal echocardiogram, and 0.030% for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Hospitalization at the time of the procedure was a major risk factor for the development of methemoglobinemia (0.14 cases per 10,000 outpatient procedures vs 13.7 cases per 10,000 inpatient procedures, P < .001).The overall prevalence of methemoglobinemia is low at 0.035%; however, an increased risk was seen in hospitalized patients and with benzocaine-based anesthetics. Given the potential severity of methemoglobinemia, the risks and benefits of the use of topical anesthetics should be carefully considered in inpatient populations.
Manipulating Magnetic 3D Spheroids in Hanging Drops for Applications in Tissue Engineering and Drug Screening
Authors: Vincent H. B. Ho, Wei Mei Guo, Charlotte L. Huang, Shu Fen Ho, Su Yin Chaw, Ern Yu Tan, Kee Woei Ng, Joachim S.C. Loo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Magnetic spheroid manipulation can be carried out in hanging drops to generate distinctly structured heterotypic microtissues through sequential addition of cells or spheroid to homotypic spheroids. These spheroids can also be incorporated in a droplet-based assay to screen for therapeutic efficacy in prolonged studies. This simple and versatile technique can offer potential benefits in tissue engineering and drug screening applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Abstract LB-9: Cyclooxygenase-2/15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase derived endogenous canonical NF-κB inhibitors
Authors: Nathaniel W. Snyder, Sonia D. Revello, Xiaojing Liu, Suhong Zhang, Jasbir S. Arora, Ian A. Blair
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In colon, breast, and lung cancers, up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and down-regulation of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) has been hypothesized to lead to a pro-proliferative, angiogenic, and chronically inflamed state. Prostaglandin E2 has been thought to drive the feed forward aspect of this pathology; however, other endogenous lipids may be involved in this process. COXs also mediate the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which can then be further oxidized by dehydrogenases to the corresponding keto-products. We have previously established that 11-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (oxo-ETE) is a major COX-2/15-PGDH derived metabolites formed from human cells expressing COX-2 treated with AA. 11-oxo-ETE has been identified from human isolates yet currently has no known receptors or known physiologic function. Earlier studies had indicated that molecules possessing a similar α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety may act as canonical Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the signaling of this novel COX-2/15-PGDH-derived eicosanoid. The stability and uptake of 11-oxo-ETE into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was quantified with stable isotope dilution chiral liquid chromatography coupled with electron capture atmospheric pressure chemical-ionization/mass spectrometry. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced NF-κB p50/p65 subunit nuclear translocation and consensus DNA binding was reduced by pre-incubation with 11-oxo-ETE. Dosage and reduction in NF-κB were consistent with the levels for the prostaglandin analog 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Using a HEK293 line stably expressing a firefly luciferase reporter driven by a 5x-NF-κB consensus sequence repeat, 11-oxo-ETE and its methyl ester were shown to significantly inhibit NF-kB signaling induced by TNF-α treatment. Ethacrynic acid (EA) was used in an additional experiment to inhibit cellular glutathione-S-transferases, and this increased the ability of 11-oxo-ETE to inhibit NF-κB signaling in the reporter assay. In vitro biochemical studies also revealed inhibition of the activating kinase Inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase subunit β (≥KKβ) by 11-oxo-ETE. In summary, the present study has established that the COX-2/15-PGDH derived 11-oxo-ETE can enter target endothelial cells and inhibit NF-κB p50/p65 mediated signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-9. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-9
A quantitative immunohistochemical study of the expression of integrins by nerves in psoriatic and normal skin
Authors: S.M. ANDREW, B.D. EDWARDS, R.J.G. CHALMERS, J.B. O'DRISCOLL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Summary Qualitative and quantitative assessment of integrin expression by dermal nerves was made by an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method on snap-frozen biopsies from affected psoriatic skin, and skin from normal control subjects with no history of skin disease. Nerves expressed α1, α2, α3, α6 β1 and β4 integrin subunits, and perineural sheaths in the mid-dermis also expressed these subunits, with the exception of α2. There were more upper dermal nerve segments expressing αl integrin compared with other integrins both in controls and in psoriatic skin. The greater number of nerves expressing αl integrin compared with other integrins may be due to anatomical or functional differences between groups of nerves. There were significantly more nerves expressing αl, α2, α3, α6 and β4 integrins in psoriatic skin compared with control skin. This generalized increase may indicate a secondary trophic effect on all nerves rather than a specific increase in one type of nerve. However, the expression of α2 integrin may be significant in the pathogenesis of the psoriatic plaque, in that it was barely detectable in the normal site-matched biopsies, but much greater in psoriatic plaques. The study of the expression of adhesion molecules by neurones in psoriasis offers a new avenue for investigation of the role of neuronal hypertrophy in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic plaques.
Genome-wide association study identifies five susceptibility loci for glioma
Authors: Sanjay Shete, Fay J Hosking, Lindsay B Robertson, Sara E Dobbins, Marc Sanson, Beatrice Malmer, Matthias Simon, Yannick Marie, Blandine Boisselier, Jean-Yves Delattre, Khe Hoang-Xuan, Soufiane El Hallani, Ahmed Idbaih, Diana Zelenika, Ulrika Andersson, Roger Henriksson, A Tommy Bergenheim, Maria Feychting, Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Johannes Schramm, Michael Linnebank, Kari Hemminki, Rajiv Kumar, Sarah J Hepworth, Amy Price, Georgina Armstrong, Yanhong Liu, Xiangjun Gu, Robert Yu, Ching Lau, Minouk Schoemaker, Kenneth Muir, Anthony Swerdlow, Mark Lathrop, Melissa Bondy, Richard S Houlston
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Evidence that prostaglandins I2, E2, and D2 may activate ATP sensitive potassium channels in the isolated rat heart
Authors: J.-F. Bouchard, E. Dumont, D. Lamontagne
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to study the contribution of ATP sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) in the coronary vasodilatation produced by prostaglandins I2, E2, and D2 in rats.Isolated Langendorff rat hearts, perfused under constant flow conditions, and rat aortic rings were used. Dose-response curves to PGE2, PGD2, and iloprost, a PGI2 analogue, were performed before and during KATP channel blockade with glibenclamide. Arachidonic acid was used to increase the formation of endogenous PGI2.Infusions of PGE2, PGD2, and iloprost in isolated hearts induced marked vasodilatation, as reflected by the reduction in coronary perfusion pressure of 27(SEM 7), 30(6), and 43(6)%, for 0.1 microM PGE2, PGD2, and iloprost, respectively. Infusion of glibenclamide (0.3 microM) was accompanied by a 23(3)% increase in coronary perfusion pressure. The vasodilatation induced by levcromakalim (0.1 microM) was completely inhibited in the presence of glibenclamide, whereas that of papaverine (30 microM) was unaffected. Glibenclamide significantly reduced the vasodilatation induced by iloprost (at 3 to 100 nM), PGE2 (30 and 100 nM), and PGD2 (30 and 100 nM), at all concentrations studied. In contrast, glibenclamide (1 microM) had no effect on iloprost induced relaxation of aortic rings. Arachidonic acid infusion (from 0.1 to 3 microM) in isolated hearts induced a pronounced vasodilatation and a significant release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha into the coronary effluent in a dose dependent fashion. Both responses to arachidonic acid were significantly reduced in the presence of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor diclofenac (1 microM). In an additional experimental series, the vasodilatation induced by arachidonic acid infusions was found to be significantly reduced in the presence of glibenclamide.Glibenclamide is a potent inhibitor of the coronary dilator action of prostaglandins I2, E2, and D2. This observation suggests that these prostaglandins may cause vasodilatation by opening KATP channels.
Twenty-one Uncommon Cases of Poisoning
Authors: A. S. Curry
Journal: BMJ (1962)

BRrmH__ 687 __ _M proteins, but also in the toxins produced by them (Van Loghem and de Moor, 1938;Felsenfeld, 1960).Further, Tanamal et al. (1958) have shown that animals immunized with routine cholera vaccines are not satisfactorily protected against El Tor vibrios.Mass immunization with routine cholera vaccine should there- fore be regarded of doubtful value as a measure against outbreaks of paracholera in epidemic form. SummaryAll the 130 strains of vibrios isolated in the 1961 cholera-like epidemic in Hong Kong have been found to belong to the El Tor type by haemolytic and phage- sensitivity tests.The importance of confirmatory tests like phage-susceptibility characteristics for the precise identification of the 0 group I vibrios has been discussed.The phage-susceptibility test is specially recommended in the case of strains isolated early in an outbreak.The pattern of change in the geographical distribution of choleraic disease due to El Tor vibrios has been discussed and the consequent importance of precise bacteriological characterization of fresh outbreaks emphasized.In view of the differences in chemical composition and toxigenicity of V. cholerae and El Tor vibrios mass immunization with routine cholera inocula- tions should be regarded as of doubtful value.