tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cohort study of relation between donating blood and risk of myocardial infarction in 2682 men in eastern finland
Authors: T.-P. Tuomainen, R. Salonen, K. Nyyssonen, J. T Salonen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To study trends in multiple pregnancies not explained by changes in maternal age and parity patterns.Design: Trends in population based figures for multiple pregnancies in Denmark studied from complete national records on parity history and vital status.Population: 497 979 Danish women and 803 019 pregnancies, 1980-94.Main outcome measures: National rates of multiple pregnancies, infant mortality, and stillbirths controlled for maternal age and parity.Special emphasis on primiparous women >30 years of age, who are most likely to undergo fertility treatment. Results:The national incidence of multiple pregnancies increased 1.7-fold during 1980-94, the increase primarily in 1989-94 and almost exclusively in primiparous women aged >30 years, for whom the adjusted population based twinning rate increased 2.7-fold and the triplet rate 9.1-fold.During 1989-94, the adjusted yearly increase in multiple pregnancies for these women was 19% (95% confidence interval 16% to 21%) and in dizygotic twin pregnancies 25% (21% to 28%).The proportion of multiple births among infant deaths in primiparous women >30 years increased from 11.5% to 26.9% during the study period.The total infant mortality, however, did not increase for these women because of a simultaneous significant decrease in infant mortality among singletons.Conclusions: A relatively small group of women has drastically changed the overall national rates of multiple pregnancies.The introduction of new treatments to enhance fertility has probably caused these changes and has also affected the otherwise decreasing trend in infant mortality.Consequently, the resources, both economical and otherwise, associated with these treatments go well beyond those invested in specific fertility enhancing treatments.
Managing an Acute Pain Crisis in a Patient With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Natalie Moryl, Nessa Coyle, Kathleen M. Foley
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The assessment and management of an acute pain crisis in the setting of advanced illness is challenging. Using the case of Mr X, a 33-year-old man with advanced metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix and "15 out of 10" pain, we explore the issues of acute pain and its management. We define a pain crisis as an event in which the patient reports pain that is severe, uncontrolled, and causing distress for the patient, family members, or both. Our management strategy focuses on making a pain diagnosis, differentiating reversible from intractable causes of pain, and making decisions about further workup; selecting the opioid and monitoring and treating opioid adverse effects; titrating and rotating opioid and coanalgesics; consulting experts to treat a pain crisis as quickly as possible to prevent unnecessary suffering; and co-opting the available institutional resources. The timely intervention of a palliative care team and its expertise can provide the staff, patients, and their families the benefit of an interdisciplinary approach and help the patients address goals of care; understand the benefits and risks of treatment decisions; and meet the psychological, social, and existential needs of the patient and the family commonly seen in this setting.
THE INHIBITION OF d-GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE BY SPECIFIC ANTISERUM
Authors: Edwin G. Krebs, Victor A. Najjar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

Antibodies to yeast d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase have been produced in rabbits and chickens. The antiserum from either animal inhibits the activity of the yeast enzyme with the formation of a precipitate that has a low residual activity. One combining site of antibody on the enzyme appears to be the point of DPN attachment. The rate of antigen-antibody formation has been studied with varying concentrations of antibody. The activity of yeast hexokinase is not inhibited by the antiserum to the dehydrogenase. Five of six antisera to the yeast enzyme showed no inhibition of the analogous enzyme from rabbit muscle, but one serum strongly inhibited the muscle dehydrogenase in the absence of DPN. No evidence was obtained that the inhibition by this one antiserum was due to an immune reaction, because the inhibition persisted after absorption with the homologous antigen.
Kupffer cell depletion with liposomal clodronate prevents suppression of Ntcp expression in endotoxin-treated rats
Authors: Ekkehard Sturm, Rick Havinga, Julius F.W. Baller, Henk Wolters, Nico van Rooijen, Jan A.A.M. Kamps, Henkjan J. Verkade, Saul J. Karpen, Folkert Kuipers
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Abstract 5148: A neural stem cells marker fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is involved in proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Antonella De Rosa, Marco Rossi, Serena Pellegatta, Patrizia Tunici, Federico Malusa, Letizia Magnoni, Roberto Raggiaschi, Annette Bakker
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Malignant brain tumours are among the most deadly cancers. Current treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy only modestly improve patient survival. The limited success of these strategies is largely due to a high incidence of tumor recurrence after the treatment. Recent evidences suggested that a rare population of stem-like cells (or tumour initiating cells) present in brain tumours might be responsible for the aggressiveness and recurrence of these tumours. These cells, named brain tumor stem-like cells (BTSC), share many properties of normal neural stem cells, including self renewal, extended proliferation, formation of neurospheres (when cultured in vitro in the presence of growth factors) and potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. Further investigations have suggested that studying this BTSC population in glioblastoma (GBM) is a more relevant system for exploring glioma biology than the adherently growing glioma cell lines. In the current study we identified target genes and proteins that are differently expressed between adherent glioma cell lines and sphere growing BTSC, using microarray and differential proteomics, respectively. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) was identified as overexpressed in BTSC compared to glioma adherent cell lines both at the gene as well as at the protein level. FABP proteins are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. FABPs are thought to play important roles in fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Functionally, FABPS were described to play a role in gene regulation, cell signaling, cell growth and differentiation. The functional role of FABP7 in glioblastoma was investigated by assessing the effect of silencing FABP7 on migration and cell proliferation of glioblastoma cells. We observed that down-regulating FABP7 expression significantly reduced in vitro cell proliferation and even more the migration of BTSC. Since increased tumour infiltration was reported as a consequence of radiotherapy, the potential involvement of FABP7 in this process was evaluated. Irradiated BTSCs displayed significantly higher FABP7 protein levels and therefore we suggest that FABP7 may contribute to the radiotherapy-induced aggressive phenotype of BTSCs. Moreover, further mechanistic investigations indicated that directly or indirectly reducing the expression of FABP7 significantly impacts on the behaviour of glioblastoma derived BTSC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5148.
The Use of the Absolute Eosinophil Count in the Diagnosis of Neoplasms
Authors: Roger C. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SINCE differentiation of a necrotic neoplasm from an infectious process is often difficult, any diagnostic technics that might help should be welcome. The observation by previous workers1 , 2 of an increase in the number of white blood cells accompanied by a relative eosinophilia in patients with various neoplasms suggested that necrotizing tumors stimulate all elements of the leukocyte series, and not solely the neutrophils. If an absolute eosinophilia occurs with necrotizing tumors but not with simple infectious processes, the eosinophil count should prove to be a valuable test in differential diagnosis. This study was undertaken to determine the worth of that . . .
Abstract 1851: Resveratrol impairs GLUT-1 mediated glucose uptake in ovarian cancer cells .
Authors: HyeRan Gwak, Jae Hong No, Yong Sang Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Resveratrol(RSV), a phytoalexin found in red wine, has drawn interest due to its anticancer effect through the modulation of cancer cell metabolism in in vitro and in vivo studies. Increased uptake of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) using positron emission tomography (PET) has been found to be effective diagnostic tool for ovarian cancer. Thus, the manipulation of the metabolic derangement could be an effective therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that RSV inhibited glucose uptake via inhibition of Glut1 translocation to plasma membrane and induced apoptosis irrespective of p53-status, using four ovarian cancer cell lines, PA-1 (p53-wild), OVCAR3, MDAH 2774 (p53-mutant) and SKOV3 (p53-null). RSV (50 μM) treatment in ovarian cancer cells decreased glucose uptake in parallel with cell viability. The facilitative glucose uptake by glucose transporter1 (GLUT1) seems to be a primary step in ovarian cancer. Also in previous data, mRNA of GLUT1 was more highly expressed in tumor tissue than in normal tissue in patients with ovarian cancer. However, RSV did not affect the protein levels of GLUT1. To identify translocation of Glut1, we performed immunofluorescence and immunoblotting of total and membrane-bound proteins. GLUT1 translocation to plasma-membrane was found to be decreased. Furthermore, localization of GLUT1 in ovarian cancer was found to be associated with the inhibition of Akt activity by RSV. In conclusion, RSV induced apoptosis by impairing glucose uptake through modulating Akt-GLUT1 signaling axis in ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: HyeRan Gwak, Jae Hong No, Yong Sang Song. Resveratrol impairs GLUT-1 mediated glucose uptake in ovarian cancer cells . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1851
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
Authors: J. S. RISIEN RUSSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1892)

I WISH to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Savill for his kindness in giving me the opportunity of carrying out the following investigations in connection with the epidemic skin disease, the clinical and pathological characters of which have already been so ably discussed by him ; and also for his courtesy in putting every facility in my way while I was engaged in these researches.Unfortunately the opportunity only came towards the end of the epidemic, so that the amount of material at my disposal hag been limited, though sufficient, I think, to warrant the conclusions I have come to, which are stated in the concluding paragraphs of this paper.General plan of research.-1.The skin of patients suffering from the disease was examined microscopically for micro-orgmisms.2. Artificial nutrient mediat were inoculated with blood which was withdrawn from the bodies of such patients, during life i n some cases, and after death in others.3. The under surface of flakes of epithelium, detached from the bodies of patients, was also employed for inocdatbg artificial nutrient media.4. The broth culture was used to inoculate gelatine, from which plate cultures were made in order to separate the colonies ; and from * From the Pathological Laboratory of University College.t In dl such inoculations broth was the nutrient medium employed.
American Personal-Injury Lawyers at Bhopal
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

THE deaths in Bhopal in December 1984 due to leakage of a highly toxic gas from a Union Carbide chemical plant are estimated at 2500 persons. The injured, in the tens of thousands, are still uncounted in what is well described as the worst industrial accident in world history.1 , 2 The aftermath of the disaster has attracted the involvement of many parties, including both lawyers and physicians.National news magazines and television news programs have shown photographs of American personal-injury lawyers walking through the shantytowns of Bhopal that surround the chemical plant, adding Indian victims and their families to a roster . . .
The overdiagnosis of Lyme disease
Authors: J. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —It is the year 1993 not 1983. Unfortunately, many physicians still do not realize that Lyme disease becomes chronic, if not treated early and aggressively.  Steere et al 1 assert that the patients in the study did not have Lyme disease because these patients were still ill after 30 days of treatment. If these physicians used polymerase chain reaction or immune capture testing to eliminate the diagnosis of Lyme disease, it would have made their study credible; however, they had no objective data to give their claim merit.  There is no evidence to prove that Borrelia burgdorferi can be eradicated in vivo in 30 days. Therefore, considering the fact that most chronically ill Lyme disease patients report continued improvement when antibiotic treatment is extended well beyond 30 days, Steere and his fellow researchers would have done a much greater service had they conducted a study on the
PWE-161 Sessile Serrated Adenomas, Under-Recognised Endoscopically and Under Diagnosed Pathologically
Authors: H Rafferty, P Gill, H Davis, A Bailey, J East, R Chetty, S Leedham
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The serrated pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis is a distinct and important pathway leading to CpG island methylated phenotype (CIMP) carcinomas. These lesions are over-represented in interval cancers and may explain the failure to prevent right-sided cancer with colonoscopy. Hyperplastic polyps (HPs) in the left colon rarely transform whereas proximal serrated adenomas (SSAs) have definite malignant potential and are notoriously difficult to detect endoscopically. There is still uncertainty surrounding the diagnostic criteria and management implications of SSA’s, however as pre-malignant lesions it is vital to find, resect and diagnose them. We assessed SSA diagnosis over 4 years in a teaching hospital, and assessed the (epi)genetic mutation burden and expression profile of rectal HPs versus proximal SSAs to see if identifiable molecular differences contribute to their contrasting malignant potential. <h3>Methods</h3> We searched the pathology archives from 2009 to 2012 for the diagnosis of serrated adenomas. Cases were reviewed by 2 GI pathologists. Colonoscopic follow up for each case was assessed and compared with new American guidelines 1. 5 distal HP and proximal SSA samples were obtained endoscopically, individual crypts were dissected and morphogen gene expression analysed. Obtained DNA was assessed for BRAF and KRAS mutation and CIMP status by methylight. <h3>Results</h3> There were no serrated lesions diagnosed in 2009 - this was an unrecognised entity in our hospital at the time. Of 486 ‘hyperplastic’ polyps diagnosed in 2009, 60 proximal lesions were reassessed and 19 were confirmed as SSAs. In 2010, 40 cases of SSA were diagnosed, rising to 84 in 2011 and 130 in 2012. Follow up of SSAs was appropriate in the majority of cases but lesions aberrantly denoted as hyperplastic in 2009 did not all have follow up arranged at the time. Molecular assessment showed a significant difference in (epi)mutation burden and morphogen gene expression between distal hyperplastic polyps and proximal SSA’s. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our hospital there was no distinction made between hyperplastic and serrated lesions prior to 2010. A 3-fold increase in SSA diagnosis in the following 3 years reflects improved endoscopic detection and pathologist recognition of these lesions. The molecular difference between distal HPs and SSAs underpins the proximal predilection of CIMP cancers, and may reflect underlying differences in colonic regional microenvironment, microbiome or morphogen balance. Improved recognition of subtle endoscopic and morphological characteristics of SSAs by gastroenterologists and pathologists will improve colonoscopic surveillance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Rex DK<i> et al. Am J Gastroentero</i>l 2012; 107(9):1315–29.
Accelerated Medical Education
Authors: Walter R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The LETTER by Gullen is like a breath of fresh air. It points out that shortening the medical school course by one year, unless other measures were taken, would only produce a one-time bonus in the number of students. "Eggheads" in general are the easiest of all humans to fool and they are the prey of any glib talker or writer who has a handful of figures and graphs that he wants to sell. To assume that more students would perpetually result from the course shortening is like believing that you can produce a baby in one month if you can get nine women pregnant, or like thinking, as do some of the "highly educated" graduates in economics, that if you only lose a little money on each transaction eventually you will reap a profit if you make enough transactions. Since the accumulated knowledge has grown in
Treatments for Pediatric Status Epilepticus
Authors: Alison Poulton, Deepak Kumar Rai, Kate Venter
Journal: JAMA (2014)

To the Editor The study by Dr Chamberlain and colleagues1 found that lorazepam was not more efficacious than diazepam for children with status epilepticus. We would appreciate further clarification regarding analysis of outcomes with reference to age and etiology.
Liver-Derived Hepatitis C Virus(HCV)-Specific CD4+ T Cells Recognize Multiple HCV Epitopes and Produce Interferon Gamma
Authors: Carl Albrecht Schirren, Maria-Christina Jung, Joern Tilman Gerlach, Thomas Worzfeld, Gustavo Baretton, Maxim Mamin, Norbert Hubert Gruener, Michael Houghton, Gerd Rudolf Pape
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Virus-specific CD4+ T-cell response at the site of inflammation is believed to play a decisive role for the course of viral disease. In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the majority of studies focused on the peripheral blood T-cell response. In this study we analyzed intrahepatic virus-specific CD4+ T-cell response and compared this with that in the peripheral blood. Liver and blood-derived T-cell lines were studied in 36 patients (18 with chronic hepatitis C and 18 with HCV-associated cirrhosis). Virus-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production at a single cell level to various HCV-proteins (core, nonstructural [NS] 3/4, NS5) were determined by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELIspot). Phenotyping was done by fluorescent-activated cell sorter analysis. In approximately half (16 of 36 [44%]) of intrahepatic T-cell lines a significant number of IFN-γ spots were observed, whereas this was the case in only 19% (7 of 36 T-cell lines) in the blood. In relative terms, core and nonstructural proteins were recognized with the same frequency in both compartments, but HCV-specificity was significantly more often detected in liver tissue compared with the blood. Hepatitis activity index, viral load, and alanine transaminase levels did not correlate with the detection of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells. All T-cell lines were dominated by CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, HCV-specific CD4+ T cells are multispecific, compartmentalize to the liver, and produce IFN-γ. We speculate that our data would support the concept of compartmentalization of specific T cells at the site of inflammation and that a low frequency of specific T cells is associated with failure to clear the virus and a chronic course of disease.
VEGF Linked With New Vessels
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Roscovitine Is an Effective Inducer of Apoptosis of Ewing's Sarcoma Family Tumor Cells<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Oscar M. Tirado, Silvia Mateo-Lozano, Vicente Notario
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) comprises several well-characterized malignant neoplasms with particularly aggressive behavior. Despite recent progress in the use of multimodal therapeutic approaches and aggressive local control measures, a substantial proportion of patients die because of disease progression. Furthermore, this outcome has not changed significantly over the last 15 to 20 years. Consequently, new, more effective therapeutic options are sorely needed for the treatment of ESFT. Because ESFT cells overexpress several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), we explored the efficacy against ESFT of roscovitine, a CDK inhibitor shown to be surprisingly safe for humans in clinical trials of their anticancer activity. Results showed that ESFT cell lines are uniformly sensitive to roscovitine. In addition to exerting comparatively minor cell cycle effects, roscovitine treatment concomitantly caused the up-regulation of the expression of the proapoptotic protein BAX and the down-regulation of both survivin and XIAP, thus resulting in caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that s.c. growth of ESFT xenografts was also significantly slowed by i.p. injection of roscovitine. These results strongly suggest that roscovitine may be an effective therapeutic agent against ESFT and recommend its evaluation against ESFT in clinical trials and its inclusion in future treatment protocols.