tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The First Use of Penicillin in the United States
Authors: Jesse J. Waggoner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters20 January 2009The First Use of Penicillin in the United StatesJesse J. Waggoner, MDJesse J. Waggoner, MDFrom Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with great interest the recent publication of Grossman's personal account of the “first dose of penicillin given in the United States” (1). The 1942 case involved the successful use of systemic penicillin to treat a young woman with β-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis. The young woman survived what probably would have been a fatal infection and lived to the age of 90 years. This article also details the actions of Dr. John Fulton, a physician who was himself sick in the hospital but nonetheless used his connections to obtain a supply of the necessary antibiotic. Although Grossman ...References1. Grossman CM. The first use of penicillin in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:135-6. [PMID: 18626052] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Parascandola J. The introduction of antibiotics into therapeutics.. In: Leavitt JW, Numbers RL, eds. Sickness and Health in America. 3rd ed. Madison, WI: Univ Wisconsin Pr; 1997:102-12. Google Scholar3. Dawson MH, Hobby GL, Meyer K, Chaffee E. Penicillin as a chemotherapeutic agent. J Clin Invest. 1941;20:434. Google Scholar4. Laurence WL. “Giant” germicide yielded by mold. New York Times. 6 May 1941:23. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe First Use of Penicillin in the United States Charles M. Grossman The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Andres G. Ortiz The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Eric A. Jackson The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Charles M. Grossman Metrics Cited ByThe First Use of Penicillin in the United StatesCharles M. Grossman, MD 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: 145-146KeywordsAntibioticsConflicts of interestEndocarditisPatientsPenicillinSepsisSurgeons ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prosthetic Replacement of the Mitral Valve
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, H. NEWLAND OLDHAM, RONALD C. ELKINS, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Mitral valve replacement was carried out in 100 patients with acquired mitral valvular disease. Preoperatively, two patients were in functional class II (NYHA), 64 in class III, and 34 in class IV. Fifty patients had predominant mitral stenosis, and 50 predominant mitral regurgitation. All were studied before operation by right and left heart catheterization, and the clinical and hemodynamic abnormalities were defined in detail and related to the valvular malformation. Seventeen patients died at or shortly after operation; seven others died in the late postoperative period. Operative methods employed, causes of death, and incidence and significance of nonfatal complications are presented. The 76 surviving patients have been followed for intervals of 15 months to 5 years; 47 are asymptomatic (class I), 26 are in class II, and three in class III. Postoperative hemodynamic assessments uniformly demonstrated regression of pulmonary hypertension, and intracardiac pressures and cardiac index were usually normal at rest. Hemodynamic responses to muscular exercise, however, were abnormal in most patients. Mitral valve replacement provides gratifying symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement in patients with mitral regurgitation or calcific mitral stenosis. Because prosthetic valves presently available are responsible for a significant number of late deaths and serious complication, operation is indicated only in severely disabled patients in whom life expectancy is limited.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
Authors: S Bastacky, R E Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 34-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hemoglobin SC chronic hemolytic anemia, and recurrent episodes of pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria, cryptococcus, and most recently, aspergillus was treated with amphotericin B. Bilateral diffuse pneumonia, gram-negative septicemia with thrombocytopenia and refractory hypotension, and acute oliguric renal failure resulted in his admission to the hospital three days before he died. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and aspergillus species were isolated from antemortem sputum cultures, and the first two organisms were also identified in antemortem blood cultures and postmortem lung cultures. The patient's peripheral-blood platelet count decreased from 228,000 to 9000 . . .
Mechanical and electrophysiological effects of protamine on isolated ventricular myocardium: evidence for calcium overload
Authors: W. K. Park, J. J Pancrazio, C. Lynch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to examine in vitro the cellular cardiac effects of protamine, the cationic polypeptide employed to reverse heparin anticoagulation, and to define its mechanisms of action. Methods: Isometric contractile force and action potential characteristics after rest and at frequencies up to 3 Hz were recorded in guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle. The actions of protamine (10-300 μg·ml−1) were compared to those of heparin (10, 30 units·ml−1), and to heparin (10 units·ml−1) neutralised with equivalent (100 μg·ml−1) or excess (200 μg·ml−1) protamine. The effects of protamine were also examined using (1) muscle rapid cooling contractures (RCC) to assess intracellular Ca2+ stores and (2) the whole cell voltage clamp method to evaluate K+ and Ca2+ currents of isolated ventricular myocytes. Results: Protamine (100-300 μg·ml−1) depressed contractions by 35-65% at 3 Hz, whereas contractions were enhanced by 150-500% at lower rates (resting state, 0.5 Hz), with a concomitant rise in resting force. Protamine caused a resting depolarisation from −90 to −76 mV and depressed action potential amplitude. In contrast, heparin altered contractile or action potential characteristics minimally. In 26 mM K+ solution with 0.1 ixM isoprenaline, 30-300 μg·ml−1 protamine caused dose dependent depression of late peaking force development and slow action potential prolongation. After 15 min rest, when RCC were not normally elicited, rest RCC became prominent in 100-300 μg·ml−1 protamine. Effects of heparin with 100 μg·ml−1 excess protamine were similar to those of 100 μg·ml−1 protamine alone. Voltage clamp of isolated myocytes revealed that 10 μg·ml−1 protamine irreversibly decreased current through inwardly rectifying K+ channels (IK1), increased leakage current, and decreased inward Ca2+ current (ICa). Conclusions: The loss of the normal force-frequency relation, partial depolarisation, rise in resting tension, and appearance of rested state rapid cooling contractures suggest that unbound protamine can lead to excess intracellular Ca2+, mediated by an alteration in membrane ionic conductances. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:505-514
P768Increased carotid artery stiffness in coronary artery disease assessed by speckle-tracking and its good association with aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: S El Ghannudi, A Ngheim, P Germain, MI-Y Jeung, B Geny, A Gangi, C Roy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aim: (i) evaluate carotid artery strain derived from speckle tracking ultrasound imaging (CAS) in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without coronary artery disease (N-CAD), (ii) compare CAS, to global aortic stiffness using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) and to endothelial function using brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in subjects with CAD. Methods: 100 subjects were prospectively included, and classified into 2 groups: subjects with CAD (CAD, n=49), subjects N-CAD (N-CAD, n=51). The CAS on the common carotid artery using speckle-tracking ultrasound imaging (Vivid 7, General Electric) was measured. In the CAD, c-f PWV and FMD were evaluated and compared to CS. Results: Age of the population was 65±1.7 years. The proportion of males, diabetes and obesity in CAD was higher than N-CMD group (p=0.0005, p=0.0002, 0.0004 respectively). There was no significant difference in age and hypertension. In a multivariate analysis, age and CAD were the sole independent predictors of CAS (r=−0.6, p<0.0001; r=-0.5, p<0.0001 respectively). The CAS was significantly lower in CAD as compared to N-CAD (2.41% vs 4.48%, p<0.0001). In CAD group, 41% presented stable angina and 59 % acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The CAS was lower in stable angina vs ACS (1.85% vs 2.92%, p=0.02). In the CAD group, CAS was inversely correlated to c-f PWV (r=−0.7, p=0.0001), and correlated with endothelial dysfunction (r=0.45, p=0.003). Conclusion: Speckle-tracking ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique useful for the evaluation of local carotid artery stiffness. Carotid artery stiffness was higher in coronary artery disease. In CAD, carotid artery stiffness measured by speckle-tracking is associated with global aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction.
DNA adducts as a measure of lung cancer risk in humans exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Authors: E Kriek, F J Van Schooten, M J Hillebrand, F E Van Leeuwen, L Den Engelse, A J De Looff, A P Dijkmans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Workers in the coking, foundry, and aluminum industry can be exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are at increased risk for lung cancer, as are cigarette smokers. In recent years several studies on workers in the foundry and coking industries have been reported. In these studies, white blood cell(WBC) DNA was used for analysis of PAH-DNA adducts. Theoretically, DNA adduct formation is a more relevant biological parameter for assessing exposure risk than PAH in the work atmosphere, or the amount of a metabolite in the urine, because adduct levels reflect that part of the dose that escapes detoxification and binds to DNA. We analyzed WBC DNA from coke-oven workers and from workers in an aluminum production plant and demonstrated the presence of PAH-DNA adducts. Forty-seven percent of the coke-oven workers had detectable levels of PAH-DNA adducts in their WBC compared with 27% of the controls (p < 0.05), measured with ELISA. In both groups, smokers had significantly higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts than did nonsmokers. In the aluminum workers, no PAH-DNA adducts were detected by ELISA, although the benzo[a]pyrene concentrations in the work atmosphere were comparable to those of the coke-oven workers. The more sensitive 32P-postlabeling assay showed the presence of PAH-DNA adducts in 91% of the aluminum workers. There was no correlation of WBC adduct levels with the concentration of PAH in the work atmosphere. Recently we showed that total PAH-DNA adduct levels in WBC from lung cancer patients were much higher than those generally found in healthy smokers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Safety and Efficacy of Propofol With EDTA When Used for Sedation of Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: D. L. Herr, Kathleen Kelly, Jesse Booth Hall, John Ulatowski, Gerard James Fulda, Brian Cason, Robert Hickey, Antoni M. Nejman, Gary P. Zaloga, Daniel Teres
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)
Psychiatric Training for Physicians in Internal Medicine
Authors: MORTON D. BOGDONOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorials1 October 1967Psychiatric Training for Physicians in Internal MedicineMORTON D. BOGDONOFF, M.D., F.A.C.P.MORTON D. BOGDONOFF, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-4-900 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs discussion of the Millis report proceeds throughout the nation and as the many planning groups review and evaluate their intentions for the future of medical education and training, it may be useful to add to a facet of Dr. William Engstrom's commentary (1) that appeared in the ANNALSof March 1967. As readers may recall, Dr. Engstrom conducted a modest survey of practicing internists in the city of Milwaukee. He concluded that this small sample indicated that many internists are, in effect, practicing as family physicians and that one of the areas of training that they felt they needed...References1. ENGSTROM WW: Are internists functioning as family physicians (editorial)? Ann. Intern. Med. 66: 613, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BOGDONOFFNICHOLSKLEINEISDORFER MDCRRFC: The doctor-patient relationship: a suggested practical and purposeful approach. JAMA 192: 45, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MORTON D. BOGDONOFF, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1967Volume 67, Issue 4Page: 900-902KeywordsForecastingMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effect of Acute Digitalization on the Hemodynamic Response to Exercise in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: JOHN O. PARKER, ROXROY O. WEST, J. RODNEY LEDWICH, SALVATORE DI GIORGI
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Hemodynamic observations are made at rest and during exercise before and following the administration of 0.5 mg of ouabain in patients with coronary artery disease and in normal subjects. Patients with coronary artery disease and exertional angina showed evidence of reversible cardiac failure during exercise. The patients with coronary artery disease who did not have angina and the normal subjects had normal hemodynamic responses to exercise. Acute digitalization did not prevent angina in any of the symptomatic patients, although there was hemodynamic evidence of improved ventricular performance. In the patients with coronary disease without angina minor hemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise were suggestive of improved left ventricular function.
From All Walks of Life — Nontraditional Medical Students and the Future of Medicine
Authors: Sandeep Jauhar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

When I was growing up, my parents wanted me to become a doctor, but I had other ideas. I wanted to be a television journalist, or perhaps a trial lawyer or private investigator — something with panache. In college, intoxicated by the mysteries of the universe, I ended up studying condensed-matter physics, in which I eventually earned a Ph.D. But after a close friend contracted an incurable illness, I began to have doubts about my career path. Seeking a profession of tangible purpose — like many older students — I was drawn to medicine.When I entered medical school at . . .
Analysis of Major Known Driver Mutations and Prognosis in Resected Adenosquamous Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Rui Wang, Yunjian Pan, Chenguang Li, Huibiao Zhang, David Garfield, Yuan Li, Ting Ye, Haichuan Hu, Xiaoyang Luo, Hang Li, Yang Zhang, Jie Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhou, Lei Shen, William Pao, Yihua Sun, Haiquan Chen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 and hepatitis C virus infection: study of HLA antigens
Authors: Aurora Jurado, Blanca Cárdaba, Paloma Jara, Pilar Cuadrado, Loreto Hierro, Belén de Andrés, Victoria del Pozo, M Isabel Cortegano, Soledad Gallardo, Carmen Camarena, Rafael Bárcena, José L. Castañer, Rita Alvarez, Carlos Lahoz, Pilar Palomino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
The V-ATPase-Inhibitor Archazolid Abrogates Tumor Metastasis via Inhibition of Endocytic Activation of the Rho-GTPase Rac1
Authors: Romina M. Wiedmann, Karin von Schwarzenberg, Andrea Palamidessi, Laura Schreiner, Rebekka Kubisch, Johanna Liebl, Christina Schempp, Dirk Trauner, Gyorgy Vereb, Stefan Zahler, Ernst Wagner, Rolf Müller, Giorgio Scita, Angelika M. Vollmar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The abundance of the multimeric vacuolar ATP-dependent proton pump, V-ATPase, on the plasma membrane of tumor cells correlates with the invasiveness of the tumor cell, suggesting the involvement of V-ATPase in tumor metastasis. V-ATPase is hypothesized to create a proton efflux leading to an acidic pericellular microenvironment that promotes the activity of proinvasive proteases. An alternative, not yet explored possibility is that V-ATPase regulates the signaling machinery responsible for tumor cell migration. Here, we show that pharmacologic or genetic reduction of V-ATPase activity significantly reduces migration of invasive tumor cells in vitro. Importantly, the V-ATPase inhibitor archazolid abrogates tumor dissemination in a syngeneic mouse 4T1 breast tumor metastasis model. Pretreatment of cancer cells with archazolid impairs directional motility by preventing spatially restricted, leading edge localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as of phosphorylated Akt. Archazolid treatment or silencing of V-ATPase inhibited Rac1 activation, as well as Rac1-dependent dorsal and peripheral ruffles by inhibiting Rab5-mediated endocytotic/exocytotic trafficking of Rac1. The results indicate that archazolid effectively decreases metastatic dissemination of breast tumors by impairing the trafficking and spatially restricted activation of EGFR and Rho-GTPase Rac1, which are pivotal for directed movement of cells. Thus, our data reveals a novel mechanism underlying the role of V-ATPase in tumor dissemination. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5976–87. ©2012 AACR.
Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Frank M. Torti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Most patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer already have metastases or will have them despite treatment aimed at the primary tumor in the prostate gland. The axial skeleton is the predominant site of dissemination; bone pain is the usual source of the patient's discomfort and debility. Although symptomatic relief is always temporary and sometimes incomplete, hormonal treatments can palliate the symptoms in the majority of patients, making prostatic cancer the tumor most responsive to hormonal therapy.Reduction of serum testosterone levels is a common feature of effective hormonal therapy in this disease. It can be achieved with orchiectomy, with . . .
Omalizumab Reduced Need for Steroid Bursts in Asthmatics Concomitantly Using Leukotrine Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs)
Authors: R. Zeldin, M. Massanari, R. Maykut, F. Kianifard, Y. Deniz, C. Reisner, G. Geba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Health department scraps national training application system
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A national computerised system will not be used for matching junior doctors to specialist training posts next year, the Department of Health has confirmed.

Instead deaneries will organise their own recruitment process for posts in England in 2008, and junior doctors' start dates will be staggered, the health minister Ben Bradshaw has said. He has also announced plans to re-examine the current policy allowing medical graduates from outside Europe to apply for jobs in the United Kingdom.

Abandoning a national computerised system will leave deaneries responsible for advertising their own vacancies and issuing their own application forms (which will ask for CV type information). A maximum of three recruitment processes will take place each year, although the main …
Case 5-1964
Authors: Somers H. Sturgis, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-one-year-old woman entered the hospital because of rectal bleeding and pain.Eleven years previously facial hirsutism developed, necessitating frequent shaving. The patient began to experience occipital headaches that were relieved by vomiting. One year later amenorrhea occurred: she had always had irregular menses and had never been pregnant. At the time of her marriage at seventeen years of age she weighed 129 pounds, but over the next sixteen years her weight gradually increased to 259 pounds. Her mother and sister weighed over 250 pounds; there was no family history of diabetes. Because of . . .
Sialylated O-Glycans and Sulfated Tyrosines in the NH2-Terminal Domain of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Contribute to High Affinity Binding of Chemokines
Authors: Norbert Bannert, Stewart Craig, Michael Farzan, Dodzie Sogah, Niki Villanueva Santo, Hyeryun Choe, Joseph Sodroski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays an important role in leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, and also acts as a coreceptor for human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV). We provide evidence that CCR5 is O-glycosylated on serine 6 in the NH2 terminus. The O-linked glycans, particularly sialic acid moieties, significantly contribute to binding of the chemokine ligands. By contrast, removal of O-linked oligosaccharide exerted little effect on HIV-1 infection. Sulfation of specific tyrosine residues in the CCR5 NH2 terminus was important for efficient β-chemokine binding. Thus, as has been observed for the binding of selectins and their ligands, O-linked carbohydrates and tyrosine sulfates play major roles in promoting the interaction of chemokines with CCR5. The resulting flexible arrays of negative charges on the CCR5 surface may allow specific, high-affinity interactions with diverse chemokine ligands. Although this is the first example of O-linked oligosaccharides and tyrosine sulfates playing a role in chemokine binding, the high density of serines, threonines and tyrosines in the N-termini of many CC chemokine receptors suggests that these posttranslational modifications may commonly contribute to chemokine binding.
Dasatinib-Induced Leukotrichia in a Patient With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Sara Samimi, Emily Chu, John Seykora, Alison Loren, Carmela Vittorio, Alain Rook, Misha Rosenbach, Ellen J. Kim
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Dasatinib, a thiazole carboxamide derivative, is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), similar in structure to imatinib, that is used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We report a case of extensive dasatinib-induced leukotrichia in a patient with refractory CML.