tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EMPYEMA OF THE ANTRUM, AND HOW TO TREAT IT.Read in the Section on Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is not the intention of the author to enter into a minute description of the large number of skulls he has examined in the past few years, but simply to give some of the details of the more marked deformities so that our reasons for certain modes of treatment may be more clearly understood. Gray says: "The antrum of Highmore or maxillary sinus is a large triangular-shaped cavity, hollowed out of the body of the maxillary bone; its apex directed outward is formed by the malar process, its base by the outer wall of the nose. Its walls are everywhere exceedingly thin; its roof being formed by the orbital plate; its floor by the alveolar process; its anterior wall by the facial and its posterior by the zygomatic surf ace. This conclusion must have been formed after an examination of very few symmetrical skulls, since the author has been
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF AN EPIDEMIC OF KOCH-WEEKS BACILLUS CONJUNCTIVITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CELL INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi, Martin Cohen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. There are cases in which epithelial cell inclusions may alone be present in the conjunctival smears. In such cases no other pathogenic organisms, such as the Koch-Weeks bacillus or the pneurnococcus, can be demonstrated in smears or cultures. 2. The conjunctiva can become simultaneously infected with the inclusion bodies and Koch-Weeks bacilli or other organisms. 3. In cases of acute or subacute conjunctival inflammations due to mixed infections the clinical features of each infection may be present. The course of the inflammation is, however, more prolonged. 4. Within recent years, the Koch-Weeks bacillus has only seldom been found in our routine examinations. 5. The epidemic studied was of a severe type. 6. Clinically it is practically impossible to distinguish pneurnococcal conjunctivitis from the Koch-Weeks conjunctivitis. Bacteriological examination of smears and cultures is the only means by which the etiological diagnosis can be definitely established. 7. Conjunctivæ of certain species of monkeys are susceptible to the von Prowazek inclusion bodies, but not to the hemoglobinophilic bacilli isolated from cases of epidemic conjunctivitis. 8. The injection of conjunctival scrapings containing the von Prowazek cell inclusions into the testicles of rabbits produces no cell inclusions in the latter, while the injection of a pure culture of the hemoglofcinophilic bacilli causes an acute inflammation accompanied by numerous clumps of the organisms, simulating the von Prowazek bodies at certain stages of their evolution. 9. There exists an apparent morphological similarity between the degenerated forms of this variety of the hemoglobinophilic bacilli and the cell inclusions, both in cultures and in experimental orchitis in the rabbit. But, as a rule, the elementary bodies of the latter are much smaller and more sharply defined than the smallest granules of the former, while the initial bodies are bigger, more intensely stainable, and less definite in their contour than the hemoglobinophilic bacilli found in the infected conjunctivæ.
A NEW BOTTLE-HOLDER FOR FEEDING BABIES
Authors: A. C. Soper
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The patient became frightened, and did not return.T wrote her lo call on me, anil she did so on Jan.31, 1013.At this time she stated that she had had a number of attacks of lumbar pain since 1 Saw her last, and one quite recently.CystOSCOpy showed two stones almost the size of pigeon's eggs free in the bladder.The orifice of the right ureter was about the size of a lead-pencil.The muss that had appeared like a
"Do not resuscitate orders.
Authors: J. C. Pandit
Journal: BMJ (1992)

collected prospectively.After straightforward vaginal hysterectomy we may not need to keep patients in hospital routinely for nearly a week and women may not need to be offwork for as long as is traditional.The introduction of new techniques of treating dysfunctional bleeding may therefore usefully provoke a critical re-evaluation of estab- lished alternatives.
Risk of bias versus quality assessment of randomised controlled trials: cross sectional study
Authors: L. Hartling, M. Ospina, Y. Liang, D. M Dryden, N. Hooton, J. Krebs Seida, T. P Klassen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the risk of bias tool, introduced by the Cochrane Collaboration for assessing the internal validity of randomised trials, for inter-rater agreement, concurrent validity compared with the Jadad scale and Schulz approach to allocation concealment, and the relation between risk of bias and effect estimates. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Study sample</b> 163 trials in children. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Inter-rater agreement between reviewers assessing trials using the risk of bias tool (weighted κ), time to apply the risk of bias tool compared with other approaches to quality assessment (paired <i>t</i> test), degree of correlation for overall risk compared with overall quality scores (Kendall’s τ statistic), and magnitude of effect estimates for studies classified as being at high, unclear, or low risk of bias (metaregression). <b>Results</b> Inter-rater agreement on individual domains of the risk of bias tool ranged from slight (κ=0.13) to substantial (κ=0.74). The mean time to complete the risk of bias tool was significantly longer than for the Jadad scale and Schulz approach, individually or combined (8.8 minutes (SD 2.2) per study <i>v</i> 2.0 (SD 0.8), P&lt;0.001). There was low correlation between risk of bias overall compared with the Jadad scores (P=0.395) and Schulz approach (P=0.064). Effect sizes differed between studies assessed as being at high or unclear risk of bias (0.52) compared with those at low risk (0.23). <b>Conclusions</b> Inter-rater agreement varied across domains of the risk of bias tool. Generally, agreement was poorer for those items that required more judgment. There was low correlation between assessments of overall risk of bias and two common approaches to quality assessment: the Jadad scale and Schulz approach to allocation concealment. Overall risk of bias as assessed by the risk of bias tool differentiated effect estimates, with more conservative estimates for studies at low risk.
Differential Diagnosis of Bilateral Parietal Abnormalities in 1-123 IMP SPECT Imaging
Authors: YASUO KUWABARA, YUICHI ICHIYA, MAKOTO OTSUKA, TAKASHI TAHARA, TOSHIMITSU FUKUMURA, RANJAN GUNASEKERA, KOUJI MASUDA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

This report discusses the clinical significance of bilateral parietal abnormalities on I-123 IMP SPECT imaging in 158 patients with cerebral disorders. This pattern was seen in 15 out of 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease; it was also seen in 4 out of 5 patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia, in 3 out of 17 patients with vascular dementia, in 1 out of 36 patients with cerebral infarction without dementia, in 1 out of 2 patients with hypoglycemia, and in 1 out of 2 patients with CO intoxication. Detection of bilateral parietal abnormalities is a useful finding in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, but one should keep in mind that other cerebral disorders may also show a similar pattern with I-123 IMP SPECT imaging.
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer
Authors: Robert J. Lipnick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In 1976, information on oral contraceptive (OC) use as well as numerous risk factors for breast cancer was provided by 121,964 married female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years. Ninety-two percent of women in the cohort completed follow-up questionnaires, and vital records were systematically searched to ascertain deaths among nonrespondents. After four years of follow-up, 592 incident cases of breast cancer were identified. Compared with never users, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of breast cancer, regardless of menopausal status, among all women who had ever used OCs was 1.0. Among premenopausal women compared with those who had never used OCs, the RR of breast cancer was 1.5 for current use of OCs in 1976 and 1.0 for past use. Among postmenopausal women, the RR for past use of OCs was 1.0. These estimates were essentially unaltered after controlling for other known risk factors for breast cancer in multiple logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, there was no modification of these effects by family history of breast cancer, age at first use, timing of the first birth, or other breast cancer risk factors. Data on past use of OCs provide substantial reassuring evidence that there is no large excess risk of breast cancer within a few years of cessation of pill use. The observed moderate elevation of breast cancer risk with current use was of borderline statistical significance. However, the observation was based on 29 cases and may reflect the effect of sampling variability, as most other studies have not observed a relationship between current use of OCs and breast cancer in women of this age.
Case 33-1970
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, George P. Baker, John B. Blennerhassett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Presentation of CaseA 71-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dehydration.He had a long history of alcoholism. Eleven years previously he had undergone a partial gastrectomy because of gastrointestinal bleeding. During the three years before entry he was admitted to the hospital on seven occasions because of nonunion of a subcapital fracture of the left femur, for which multiple operative procedures were performed. Two months before admission urinalysis and culture of the urine were negative, and the urea nitrogen was 10 mg per 100 ml. Five weeks before entry he was transferred to a nursing home, . . .
THE TOXICOLOGY OF SALVARSAN: DIOXYDIAMIDO-ARSENO-BENZOL (SALVARSAN OR KHARSIVAN)
Authors: W. H. Willcox, J. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1916)

i)ioxyd iamiido-a.rseno-benzoldiliydroclhloride is tlc chelllicall- name for a most valuiable therapeutic remedy, and it is
Improvement of Postprandial Endothelial Function After a Single Dose of Exenatide in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Juraj Koska, Eric A. Schwartz, Michael P. Mullin, Dawn C. Schwenke, Peter D. Reaven
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is frequently present in individuals with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes and can be induced by high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals. Because exenatide reduces postprandial glucose and lipid excursions, we hypothesized that it may also improve postprandial endothelial function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a double-blinded randomized crossover design, postprandial endothelial function was examined in 28 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or recent-onset type 2 diabetes after a single injection of exenatide or placebo given just before a high-fat meal. Endothelial function was determined with peripheral arterial tonometry pre- and postprandially. RESULTS Postprandial endothelial function was higher after exenatide compared with placebo (P = 0.0002). In the placebo phase, postprandial change in endothelial function was inversely associated with mean postprandial concentrations of triglycerides (r = −0.62, P = 0.0004). Changes in postprandial triglyceride concentrations explained 64% of exenatide's effect on postprandial endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide ameliorates postprandial endothelial dysfunction after a high-fat meal.
Autoantibodies and the Hepatitis-associated Antigen in Acute Infective Hepatitis
Authors: L. J. Farrow, E. J. Holborow, G. D. Johnson, S. G. Lamb, J. S. Stewart, P. E. Taylor, A. J. Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In 39 unselected patients with acute infective hepatitis diagnosed on clinical, epidemiological, and pathological findings, smooth muscle (S.M.) antibody was found in 87% and hepatitis-associated antigen in 33%. The incidence of S.M. antibody was highest during the first month after the onset of symptoms, and the antibody was preponderantly IgM at this stage. S.M. antibody and hepatitis-associated antigen occurred independently, and unlike hepatitis-associated antigen, which was strongly associated with possible parenteral exposure to infection, the incidence of S.M. antibody was not related to the presumed mode of exposure. It is concluded that production of S.M. antibody is more directly related to liver cell damage than to the presence of hepatitis-associated antigen in the serum.
Generalized pustular psoriasis and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Authors: N.K. Webber, C.M. Elston, E.A. O’Toole
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Generalized pustular psoriasis and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia Get access N.K. Webber, N.K. Webber Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Elston, C.M. Elston Respiratory Medicine, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, U.K. E‐mail: naomi.webber@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A. O’Toole E.A. O’Toole Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 4, 1 April 2008, Pages 853–854, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08421.x Published: 01 April 2008
Withdrawal Convulsions: Epileptic or Not?
Authors: Emmanuel Silver
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The editorial comment on Dr. Gibbs' letter ( Withdrawal Convulsions: Epileptic or Not? JAMA190:944 [Dec 7] 1964) merits elaboration. Nowadays, as part of complete medical work-up, patients with a wide variety of complaints, ranging from life-long headache in the 60-year-old to transient hyperactivity in the 4-year-old, will often have electroencephalograms done. A certain proportion of these tracings will deviate from the standard even in the absence of other clinical or laboratory abnormalities. Some of these patients will be placed on a regimen of anticonvulsants in an effort to help with the primary complaint. A certain number of this group will abruptly discontinue medication for a variety of reasons, amongst which may be lack of change in the primary complaint. When a patient has his first seizure on such withdrawal, this could lead to his being labeled an epileptic, because to the presence of an abnormal EEG
A multicentre 12-week open study of a lipid-soluble folate antagonist, piritrexim in severe psoriasis
Authors: W. PERKINS, R.E.A. WILLIAMS, J.P. VESTEY, M.J. TIDMAN, A.M. LAYTON, W.J. CUNLIFFE, E.M. SAIHAN, M.R. KLABER, V.K. MANNA, H. BAKER, R.M. MACKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

An open, 12‐week, multicentre study was conducted to assess the efficacy of piritrexim isethionate in the treatment of severe psoriasis. Piritrexim isethionate is a lipid‐soluble dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor which cannot form polyglutamates, and may be as effective as methotrexate in the treatement of psoriasis. If, as is suspected, but as yet unproven, methotrexate polyglutamates are responsible for the hepatotoxicity of methotrexate, piritrexim should be less hepatotoxic, and may offer an alternative to methotrexate therapy. Fifty‐five patients were enrolled, of whom 41 completed the study. Patients were allocated to receive either 150, 225, 300, or 450 mg of piritrexim weekly, in divided doses over 72 h (low‐dose groups, 150 and 225 mg), or over 36 h (300 and 450 mg groups). Twenty‐four of the 41 patients who completed the study had a greater than 50% improvement in the severity of their psoriasis, as demonstrated by a reduction in the Psoriasis Severity Score, a measure analogous to the PASI scoring system. Adverse events were common, but mild, and were controlled by dose reduction. Piritrexim appears to be an effective therapy for severe psoriasis at doses of 300 and 450 mg weekly, in three divided doses over 36 h.
Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: P H Feng, T H Tan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Tuberculosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied in a cohort of 311 patients seen between 1963 to 1979. There were 16 such patients, giving rise to a prevalence rate of 5%. The characteristics of SLE-associated tuberculosis include a high incidence of miliary and far-advanced pulmonary disease, delay in establishing diagnosis, especially the extrapulmonary form, and tendency to attribute symptoms like fever, malaise, and weight loss to the lupus process. Treatment was successful in 9 patients. Of the 7 death 5 were attributed directly to the mycobacterial infection and 2 to complications of SLE.
Diagnostic Imaging in Perspective
Authors: Majic S. Potsaid
Journal: JAMA (1980)

RADIOLOGY was created by technology, has been nurtured by technology, and now is being put to the test by rapid technological advances. Increased application of sophisticated imaging systems has moved the specialty in a short time from the age of technology into the age of accountability. Radiology provides heretofore unheard-of diagnostic information, especially through the use of computers, which have revolutionized medical imaging. As radiologists perform internal physical examinations on patients, they visualize the human body in health and disease in ways never expected. While physicians desire to have the newer techniques available readily for their patients, the government desires even more strongly to limit their use to contain costs. The position of government is understandable, since money for health care has a limit, yet the demands for more and more funds continue, with diagnostic imaging receiving about 6% of the medical dollars.<sup>1</sup>Society cannot do all that is
Many physicians have slain a king
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Modern tourists know Hadrian mainly for his mausoleum in Rome or for the wall that he built in the north of England to keep out the barbarians. Historians think of him as an effective emperor and a capable administrator. But he was also a complex personality, full of contradictions during his reign as well as during a lengthy illness characterised by intractable anasarca.

Succeeding to the throne in AD 117, he devoted most of his time to maintaining the peace of the empire, travelling extensively, and building on a large scale. He fought few wars, but in AD 132 put down Simon Bar-Kochba's rebellion in Judea, razing Solomon's temple and so desolating the region that …
Regional Fibroblast Heterogeneity in the Lung
Authors: Chakradhar Kotaru, Kathryn J. Schoonover, John B. Trudeau, Mai-Lan Huynh, XiuXia Zhou, Haizhen Hu, Sally E. Wenzel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix occurs in proximal airways of individuals with asthma, but fibrosis in distal lung has not been observed. Whether differing fibrotic capacities of fibroblasts from these two regions contribute to this variability is unknown.Objectives: We compared morphologic and functional characteristics of fibroblasts isolated from proximal airways and distal lung parenchyma to determine phenotypic differences.Methods: Concurrent proximal airway and distal lung biopsies were obtained by bronchoscopy from subjects with asthma to isolate airway and distal lung fibroblasts, respectively. The following characteristics were compared: morphology, proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and synthesis of procollagen type I and eotaxin-1.Results: Airway fibroblasts (AFs) are morphologically distinct from distal lung fibroblasts (DLFs): they are larger (2.3-fold greater surface area vs. matched DLFs; p = 0.02), stellate in appearance, and with more cytoplasmic projections compared with the spindle-shaped DLFs. AFs synthesized more procollagen type I than did DLFs at baseline (twofold higher; p = 0.003) and after transforming growth factor-β stimulation (1.4-fold higher; p = 0.02). Similarly, AFs produced more eotaxin-1 than did DLFs at baseline (2.5-fold higher; p = 0.004) and after interleukin-13 stimulation (13-fold higher; p = 0.0001). In contrast, DLFs proliferate more than AFs with serum stimulation (about sixfold greater; p = 0.03). Unstimulated DLFs also expressed more α-smooth muscle actin than did corresponding AFs (p = 0.006).Conclusions: These studies suggest that at least two phenotypes of fibroblast exist in the lung. These phenotypic differences may partially explain the variable responses to injury and repair between proximal airways and distal lung/parenchyma in asthma and other respiratory diseases.
Occult Dysplasia is Disclosed by Lugol Chromoendoscopy in Alcoholics at High Risk for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: None Fagundes, None de Barros, None Pütten, None Mello, None Wagner, None Bassi, None Bombassaro, None Gobbi, None Souto
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) becomes symptomatic at a late stage when the disease is already advanced, and this contributes to its poor prognosis. Esophagoscopy of asymptomatic individuals exposed to known risk factors associated with the development of this cancer may facilitate the diagnosis of early cancerous or precancerous lesions; however, conventional esophagoscopy is not accurate enough. The aim of this study was to measure the value of Lugol chromoendoscopy of the esophagus (LCE) as an endoscopic technique to detect dysplasia in patients at risk.
Surveillance of congenital anomalies. False economies.
Authors: D H Stone
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Recently we treated a 42 year old man with bowel obstruction at multiple sites due to advanced colonic carcinoma.A course of high dose steroids given eight months previously for radiotherapy induced emesis had resulted in a rapid evolution of a hypomanic state with complete insomnia.While treating him with steroids for his obstruction4 we infused 12mg of dexamethasone during the day and substituted a low dose of midazolam infusion at night.On this regimen his insomnia or hypomania did not recur and his bowel obstruction resolved on day 12.When he was converted to oral medication, diazepam 10mg was substituted for midazolam at night and he continued to sleep well.Sleep disturbance is not one of the best known side effects of steroids, but insomnia has medical and social sequelae that require recognition and action.Appropriate prescribing even in the most difficult cases may allow the patient enormous benefit from steroids and a good night's sleep.
Closing Live Poultry Markets Slowed Avian Flu in China
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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