tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organ Transplantation Today
Authors: Eugene McDonough
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This volume collects the papers of a symposium on organ transplantation held on the opening of Saint Luke's Hospital in Amsterdam. Some chapters cover summarily the entire field under discussion and others provide a very detailed discussion of selected areas. In the opening section on transplantation immunology, Mitchison presents the evidence for lymphocyte recognition units and control of immune reactions by cell-cell interactions. Ceppellini and van Rood in separate chapters discuss the genetics of tissue transplantation and the use of the HL-A histocompatibility system in clinical tissue typing. In the area of immunosuppression, Calne provides a short catalog of various drugs used today and a more detailed account of the unique immunosuppressive effects of the transplanted pig liver. Then Woodruff summarizes excellently the present status of antilymphocyte serum. Bone marrow transplantation is discussed by Mathe, who reports on the treatment of 24 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He includes not
A Field Trial to Assess a Blood-Stage Malaria Vaccine
Authors: Mahamadou A. Thera, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Drissa Coulibaly, Matthew B. Laurens, Amed Ouattara, Abdoulaye K. Kone, Ando B. Guindo, Karim Traore, Idrissa Traore, Bourema Kouriba, Dapa A. Diallo, Issa Diarra, Modibo Daou, Amagana Dolo, Youssouf Tolo, Mahamadou S. Sissoko, Amadou Niangaly, Mady Sissoko, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Kirsten E. Lyke, Yukun Wu, William C. Blackwelder, Olivier Godeaux, Johan Vekemans, Marie-Claude Dubois, W. Ripley Ballou, Joe Cohen, Darby Thompson, Tina Dube, Lorraine Soisson, Carter L. Diggs, Brent House, David E. Lanar, Sheetij Dutta, D. Gray Heppner, Christopher V. Plowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Blood-stage malaria vaccines are intended to prevent clinical disease. The malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A), a recombinant protein based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, has previously been shown to have immunogenicity and acceptable safety in Malian adults and children.In a double-blind, randomized trial, we immunized 400 Malian children with either the malaria vaccine or a control (rabies) vaccine and followed them for 6 months. The primary end point was clinical malaria, defined as fever and at least 2500 parasites per cubic millimeter of blood. A secondary end point was clinical malaria caused by parasites with the AMA1 DNA sequence found in the vaccine strain.The cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 48.4% in the malaria-vaccine group and 54.4% in the control group; efficacy against the primary end point was 17.4% (hazard ratio for the primary end point, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.09; P=0.18). Efficacy against the first and subsequent episodes of clinical malaria, as defined on the basis of various parasite-density thresholds, was approximately 20%. Efficacy against clinical malaria caused by parasites with AMA1 corresponding to that of the vaccine strain was 64.3% (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.86; P=0.03). Local reactions and fever after vaccination were more frequent with the malaria vaccine.On the basis of the primary end point, the malaria vaccine did not provide significant protection against clinical malaria, but on the basis of secondary results, it may have strain-specific efficacy. If this finding is confirmed, AMA1 might be useful in a multicomponent malaria vaccine. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00460525.).
Abstract 5006: A 3-dimensional cell invasion assay compatible with high content screening
Authors: Jennifer A. Fronczak, Matthew S. Gajeski, Erica L. Beckman, Laura Vollmer, Andreas Vogt, Gopal Krishnan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The transition from non-invasive phenotype to invasive phenotype of tumor cells marks the switch from a benign tumor that can be successfully treated via surgery to a more malignant form of cancer. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this hallmark event, which enables tumor cells to invade through extracellular matrix, is critical for discovering pathways and new targets to develop anti-metastatic strategies. Previously, we developed a cell based assay for the study of cell migration in 96-well plates. A self-dissolving biocompatible gel (BCG) is utilized to form uniformly sized, cell-free detection zones in collagen I coated 96-well plates. When cells are seeded into these wells, they pattern in an annular monolayer surrounding the BCG. Once the BCG dissolves, an overlay of collagen I is applied to the assay wells, following which cells can invade in 3-dimensions into the detection zone previously occupied by the BCG. This “Oris™ Pro” cell invasion assay presents a straightforward, accessible and quantifiable cell method to study cell invasion, and can be used for example to evaluate candidate drugs targeting tumor invasion. Microscopic visual assessment of cell invasion in the presence of inhibitors is made by use of cell stains at multiple time-points. In this study we demonstrate the use of this assay platform for robust and reproducible analysis of HT-1080 and MDA- MB-231 cell invasion in 3-D. The presentation will discuss (i) factors that influence cell invasion, including density of collagen overlay and time; (ii) microscopic monitoring of cell invasion in the presence of potential inhibitors throughout the duration of the experiment; and (iii) the qualitative and quantitative readouts that can be obtained using this 3-dimensional cell invasion assay. Citation Format: Jennifer A. Fronczak, Matthew S. Gajeski, Erica L. Beckman, Laura Vollmer, Andreas Vogt, Gopal Krishnan. A 3-dimensional cell invasion assay compatible with high content screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5006
Rise in insurance premiums exceeds growth in earnings in all US states
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health insurance premiums in the United States for a family of four are projected to reach an average of nearly $24 000 (£16 500; €19 000) a year by 2020 if trends continue, says a new report from the Commonwealth Fund, a charitable private foundation in New York that works to improve the performance of health systems. “It is putting families in an untenable position,” said the fund’s president, Karen Davis.

The state by state analysis shows that premiums rose by 50% from 2003 to 2010, when President Barack Obama’s health reform legislation, the Affordable Care Act, was enacted. In 2003 the typical premium consumed less than 14% of median income in 13 states, but by 2010 no …
The Principle of Equivalence Reconsidered: Assessing the Relevance of the Principle of Equivalence in Prison Medicine
Authors: Fabrice Jotterand, Tenzin Wangmo
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In this article we critically examine the principle of equivalence of care in prison medicine. First, we provide an overview of how the principle of equivalence is utilized in various national and international guidelines on health care provision to prisoners. Second, we outline some of the problems associated with its applications, and argue that the principle of equivalence should go beyond equivalence to access and include equivalence of outcomes. However, because of the particular context of the prison environment, third, we contend that the concept of "health" in equivalence of health outcomes needs conceptual clarity; otherwise, it fails to provide a threshold for healthy states among inmates. We accomplish this by examining common understandings of the concepts of health and disease. We conclude our article by showing why the conceptualization of diseases as clinical problems provides a helpful approach in the delivery of health care in prison.
INFECTIVE DERMATITIS IN JAIVUICAN CHILDREN
Authors: MARGARET M. WALSKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article INFECTIVE DERMATITIS IN JAIVUICAN CHILDREN Get access MARGARET M. WALSKE, M.B., M.R.C.P.* MARGARET M. WALSKE, M.B., M.R.C.P.* Late of Department of Dermatology, University of West Indies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 4, 1 April 1967, Pages 229–236, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11479.x Published: 01 April 1967
Time ripe for thrust against infection, immune disease
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

"There is now the opportunity for a strong thrust in the development of new means of prevention and treatment for infectious diseases and immunological disorders." This is the assessment by Richard M. Krause, MD, who—for the past nine years—has been director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Interviewed in Bethesda shortly before he left to become dean of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Krause said that "the last 100 years of research in infection and immunity [punctuated by periods of complacency] have culminated in an explosion of research today in immunology and in microbiology." Research on infectious diseases is important in this country, according to Krause, because "despite the use of antibiotics and vaccines, almost one out of every four patients who seeks the care of a physician does so because of an infectious disease." From the time Krause took over as director of the
Judgments Concerning Faulty Digoxin
Authors: Edward G. Feldmann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent article, Wagner et al (224:199, 1973) commented on a brief quote from an obscure passage of a paper I wrote shortly<sup>1</sup>after widespread publicity had appeared in the lay press concerning the Lindenbaum et al<sup>2</sup>report on certain lots of digoxin tablets. Wagner et al said that "... Feldmann's summary was not objective and... his judgment of the Lindenbaum data was premature..." and that "... Feldmann failed to point out the differences in in vivo results reported by Lindenbaum et al with his lots A<sub>1</sub>and B<sub>2</sub>, both of which passed all USP specifications." These are the facts: I made no mention whatever of Lindenbaum et al or the journal in which their report appeared. I only mentioned that a story had appeared on page one of the<i>New York Times</i>(Dec 9, 1971) that reported therapeutic inequivalencies about digoxin tablets. The
Indirect validation of benzene exposure assessment by association with benzene poisoning.
Authors: M Dosemeci, S N Yin, M Linet, S Wacholder, N Rothman, G L Li, W H Chow, Y Z Wang, Z L Jiang, T R Dai, W U Zhang, X J Chao, P Z Ye, Q R Kou, Y H Fan, X C Zhang, X F Lin, J F Meng, J S Zho, W J Blot, R B Hayes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We present a validation study of a quantitative retrospective exposure assessment method used in a follow-up study of workers exposed to benzene. Assessment of exposure to benzene was carried out in 672 factories in 12 cities in China. Historical exposure data were collected for 3179 unique job titles. The basic unit for exposure assessment was a factory/work unit/job title combination over seven periods between 1949 and 1987. A total of 18,435 exposure estimates was developed, using all available historical information, including 8477 monitoring data. Overall, 38% of the estimates were based on benzene monitoring data. The highest time-weighted average exposures were observed for the rubber industry (30.7 ppm) and for rubber glue applicators (52.6 ppm). Because of its recognized link with benzene exposure, the association between a clinical diagnosis of benzene poisoning and benzene exposure was evaluated to validate the assessment method that we used in the cohort study. Our confidence in the assessment method is supported by the observation of a strong positive trend between benzene poisoning and various measures, especially recent intensity of exposure to benzene.
Angiographic Assessment of Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Myocardial Blush Grade
Authors: Jose P.S. Henriques, Felix Zijlstra, Arnoud W.J. van ‘t Hof, Menko-Jan de Boer, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Marcel Gosselink, Jan C.A. Hoorntje, Harry Suryapranata
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Angiographic successful reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction has been defined as TIMI 3 flow. However, TIMI 3 flow does not always result in effective myocardial reperfusion. Myocardial blush grade (MBG) is an angiographic measure of myocardial perfusion. We hypothesized that optimal angiographic reperfusion is defined by TIMI 3 flow and MBG 2 or 3.In 924 consecutive patients with TIMI 3 flow after angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, we prospectively studied the value of MBG. End points were death, MACE, enzymatic infarct size, and residual left ventricular ejection fraction. Follow-up was 16+/-11 months. Of the 924 patients, 101 (11%) patients had MBG 0 or 1. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with MBG 0 or 1 compared with patients with MBG 2 or 3 (relative risk, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.3 to 9.5; P<0.001). The combined incidence of MACE was higher in patients with MBG 0 or 1 compared with patients with MBG 2 or 3 (relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8; P=0.009). Enzymatic infarct size was larger (1437+/-2388 versus 809+/-1672, P=0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction was lower (37.7+/-10.6 versus 43.8+/-11.1, P<0.001) in patients with MBG 0 or 1 compared with patients with MBG 2 or 3.MBG is a strong angiographic predictor of mortality in patients with TIMI 3 flow after primary angioplasty. Enzymatic infarct size is larger and residual left ventricular ejection fraction is lower in patients with MBG 0 or 1 compared with MBG 2 or 3. Angiographic definition of successful reperfusion should include both TIMI 3 flow as well as MBG 2 or 3.
766. Bone Regeneration Induced by Combining In Vivo Electroporation of an Osteogenic Gene and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: G. Pelled, A. Lazarus, Yaram Zilberman, E. Zeira, H. Yotvat, E. Galun, J. Li, G. A. Helm, D. Gazit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
A major obstacle to be addressed in gene therapy remains finding a safe and effective gene delivery method. Recent studies indicate that in vivo electroporation is a safe, simple, and effective method. We hypothesized that combining in vivo electroporation of an osteogenic gene with implanted human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would induce bone regeneration. First, in order to establish an in vivo electroporation approach, 12 ug of luciferase plasmid were injected into the thigh muscles of C3H/Hen mice and transcutaneous electric pulses were applied using an ECM 2001 Electro Cell Manipulator (BTX). A bioluminescence imaging system was used to monitor noninvasively and quantitatively luciferase activity in vivo. In the second phase, human (h)MSCs were obtained from bone marrow. To demonstrate that hMSCs implanted in vivo can be efficiently transfected using electroporation, we implanted hMSCs engineered to overexpress the GFP gene and embedded in fibrin gel into the thigh muscles of NOD/SCID mice. Three days later we injected a plasmid encoding for red fluorescent protein (pDsRed) into the implantation site and in vivo electroporation was performed. On Day 10 frozen sections of thigh muscle were prepared. In the third phase, to demonstrate bone regeneration, 2|[times]|10^6 hMSCs embedded in fibrin gel were implanted into a 2.5-mm defect created in radii of NOD/SCID mice. Three days later the defect site was injected with 12 ug of bone morphogenetic protein|[ndash]|9 plasmid and the electroporation protocol was repeated. The injury site was monitored for bone formation by using quantitative micro|[ndash]|CT analysis. We observed successful gene transfer to the skeletal muscle (Fig. 1A). Quantification of the bioluminescent signal demonstrated high levels of luciferase expression up to Day 24 (Fig. 1B). Using a fluorescence microscope we identified coexpression of the GFP and DsRed reporter genes in the implanted hMSCs (Fig. 2A). Moreover, the bone formation had led to defect closure in the radii (Fig. 2B). Our results indicate for the first time that bone in a nonhealing defect can be regenerated by the combination of in vivo electroporation of a therapeutic gene and human MSCs. Our method may pave the way for regeneration of other tissues such as cartilage and tendon.
Oncologists protest about NICE's decision on cancer drugs
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that decides which drugs will be available on the NHS in England and Wales, was last week criticised for placing savings before patient welfare in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.

A group of 28 consultant oncologists accused NICE, in a letter to the Daily Telegraph , of “misrepresenting the evidence” of trials into the drugs irinotecan and oxaliplatin. The letter's authors represent nearly half of Britain's estimated 60 colorectal cancer specialists.

Irinotecan, widely used in Europe and the United States as a first line therapy, will be available in Britain only to patients who have not responded to fluorouracil. Oxaliplatin will be given …
Metabolic effects of very low calorie weight reduction diets.
Authors: L J Hoffer, B R Bistrian, V R Young, G L Blackburn, D E Matthews
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

A randomized comparison trial of two very low calorie weight reduction diets was carried out for 5 or 8 wk in 17 healthy obese women. One diet provided 1.5 g protein/kg ideal body weight; the other provided 0.8 g protein/kg ideal body weight plus 0.7 g carbohydrate/kg ideal body weight. The diets were isocaloric (500 kcal). Amino acid metabolism was studied by means of tracer infusions of L-[1-13C]leucine and L-[15N]alanine. After 3 wk of adaptation to the diets, nitrogen balance was zero for the 1.5 g protein diet but -2 g N/d for the 0.8 g protein diet. Postabsorptive plasma leucine and alanine flux decreased from base line by an equal extent with both diets by approximately 20 and 40%, respectively. It was concluded that protein intakes at the level of the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) are not compatible with nitrogen equilibrium when the energy intake is severely restricted, and that nitrogen balance is improved by increasing the protein intake above that level. Basal rates of whole body nitrogen turnover are relatively well maintained, compared with total fasting, at both protein intakes. However, turnover in the peripheral compartment, as evidenced by alanine flux, may be markedly diminished with either diet.
Influence of Mitral Regurgitation Repair on Survival in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Trial
Authors: Marek A. Deja, Paul A. Grayburn, Benjamin Sun, Vivek Rao, Lilin She, Michał Krejca, Anil R. Jain, Yeow Leng Chua, Richard Daly, Michele Senni, Krzysztof Mokrzycki, Lorenzo Menicanti, Jae K. Oh, Robert Michler, Krzysztof Wróbel, Andre Lamy, Eric J. Velazquez, Kerry L. Lee, Robert H. Jones
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Whether mitral valve repair during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves survival in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) remains unknown. Methods and Results— Patients with ejection fraction ≤35% and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomized at 99 sites worldwide to medical therapy with or without CABG. The decision to treat the mitral valve during CABG was left to the surgeon. The primary end point was mortality. Of 1212 randomized patients, 435 (36%) had none/trace MR, 554 (46%) had mild MR, 181 (15%) had moderate MR, and 39 (3%) had severe MR. In the medical arm, 70 deaths (32%) occurred in patients with none/trace MR, 114 (44%) in those with mild MR, and 58 (50%) in those with moderate to severe MR. In patients with moderate to severe MR, there were 29 deaths (53%) among 55 patients randomized to CABG who did not receive mitral surgery (hazard ratio versus medical therapy, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.87) and 21 deaths (43%) among 49 patients who received mitral surgery (hazard ratio versus medical therapy, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–1.08). After adjustment for baseline prognostic variables, the hazard ratio for CABG with mitral surgery versus CABG alone was 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.22–0.77; P =0.006). Conclusion— Although these observational data suggest that adding mitral valve repair to CABG in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and moderate to severe MR may improve survival compared with CABG alone or medical therapy alone, a prospective randomized trial is necessary to confirm the validity of these observations. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
Whither the Director of Medical Education?
Authors: John Gordon Freymann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT has been said that medicine is the only profession dedicated to its own eventual dissolution. Within medicine, I know of no specialty group that is more rapidly sowing the seeds of its own dissolution than the directors of medical education. The position of educational director on the teaching hospital staff is barely a decade old, and yet I believe it is rapidly becoming obsolete — a transition between the old, loose staff structure and the tightly knit one that is needed to run the effective educational programs of today.Most experienced educational directors believe that full-time clinical chiefs are . . .
A Reluctant Doctor Shopper
Authors: Robert Matz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998A Reluctant Doctor ShopperRobert Matz, MDRobert Matz, MDMount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:June Bingham's heartfelt anecdote [1] makes worthy reading for any practitioner. It does, however, raise several inadequately explored issues.If one accepts the author's description of her internist as a “good doctor,” it is highly unlikely that he willfully made an incorrect diagnosis initially. He lacked either knowledge or sufficient information. In either event, as a good physician, he would appreciate feedback on his error so that he may learn and improve his diagnostic acumen for future use. Otherwise, this is a lost opportunity for him and his other patients.In a similar vein, did his teenager ...References1. Bingham J. A reluctant doctor shopper. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:569-70. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Matz, MDAffiliations: Mount Sinai Hospital; New York, NY 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 786KeywordsAdolescentsForecastingHospitalizationsVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Prostate Volume and Uroflow in Norwegian Community Men
Authors: Geir B. &Oslash;verland, Geir B. &Oslash;verland, Lars Vatten, Lars Vatten, Thomas Rhodes, Thomas Rhodes, Carla DeMuro, Carla DeMuro, Geir Jacobsen, Geir Jacobsen, Karsten Vada, Karsten Vada, Anders Angelsen, Anders Angelsen, Cynthia J. Girman, Cynthia J. Girman
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Marfan's syndrome: natural history and long-term follow-up of cardiovascular involvement
Authors: Dominic L. Marsalese, Douglas S. Moodie, Michael Vacante, Bruce W. Lytle, Carl C. Gill, Richard Sterba, Delos M. Cosgrove, Matthew Passalacqua, Marlene Goormastic, Andrea Kovacs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)