tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity in Essential Hypertension
Authors: A. Jose, J. R. Crout, Norman M Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Possible mechanisms causing suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA) in about 25% of patients with essential hypertension are examined. Seven patients with normally responsive PRA were compared to five patients with suppressed PRA. Measurements were made during and after manuevers known to affect the renin-angiotensin system, including shrinkage of plasma volume induced by a low-sodium diet plus upright posture and a moderate fall in blood pressure induced by guanethidine. Sympathetic nervous system involvement was examined by catecholamine excretion and responses to norepinephrine infusion. A relative inhibition of the renin-release mechanism that fails to respond normally to various stimuli is indicated. Suppression of PRA was accompanied by subnormal rise in aldosterone excretion and inability to conserve sodium. This inhibition is associated with expanded extracellular fluid volume but does not appear to be caused by an excess of mineralocorticoid or an intrinsic defect in the sympathetic nervous system.
Outpatient Parenteral Therapy
Authors: W. A. Zellmer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Poretz et al (1982;248:336) on outpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy supports work done at The Ohio State University Hospitals beginning in 1975 and reported in 1977 1 and 1978. 2 In that program, hospital pharmacists, on written order from a physician, trained patients to self-administer injectable medications. Five types of therapy were involved: cytarabine, antihemophilic factor, calcitonin, parenteral nutrition, and analgesics. For the first 25 patients between Sept 1, 1975, and Aug 23, 1976, a net annual savings of $4,546 per patient was realized. The annual savings was $11,910 per patient for the next 35 patients (Sept 1, 1976, through Aug 31, 1978). Ohio State's charges for the training program were reimbursed by third-party payers.
Scorpion Stings and Spark Plug Shocks
Authors: Findlay E. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While we appreciate that the Editor was jesting in the matter of "Scorpion Sting Treatment" (224:527, 1973), using a spark plug shock (223:693, 1973), we feel that quite aside from the fact this bit of folklore dates back at least three decades (early joke: 12v is twice as good as 6; best results are obtained with one foot on the ground; Fords are better than Chevys) and is a worthless procedure, the obviously earnest inquiry of Dr. McIver (224:527, 1973) reflects the concern that many physicians must have entertained on reading the original note. Aside from the fact that it does not work for stings by American scorpions, we must condemn the use of this folk measure in stings by lethal scorpions, particularly in children, on the basis that it may increase muscle fasiculations in near-tetanized fibers, increase neuromuscular hyperirritability, and provoke convulsions, particularly if the patient
The binding sites for cocaine and dopamine in the dopamine transporter overlap
Authors: Thijs Beuming, Julie Kniazeff, Marianne L Bergmann, Lei Shi, Luis Gracia, Klaudia Raniszewska, Amy Hauck Newman, Jonathan A Javitch, Harel Weinstein, Ulrik Gether, Claus J Loland
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2008)
The Pacemaker Patient and the Electromagnetic Environment
Authors: Nicholas P. D. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE development of the inhibitorydemand pacemaker was a significant step in the evolution of a "prosthetic" cardiac conduction system for man.<sup>1</sup>This unit monitored the heart rate by sensing the R wave, recycling without firing when the rate was adequate, and firing at an appropriate rate when bradycardia occurred. The problem of unwanted competitive pacing from the older fixed-rate pacemaker was thus solved. The solution of one problem, however, often creates new ones. It was soon apparent that such pacemakers could sense electromagnetic potentials other than the intrinsic myocardial potentials.<sup>2</sup>These extraneous signals are collectively referred to as electromagnetic interference (EMI). These signals from such sources as automobile ignition systems and small electric motors were able to produce, in a few cases, unwanted and potentially dangerous inhibition of the pulse generator. The phenomenon occurred more readily in unipolar than bipolar pacemakers because of the larger antenna area between
Abstract 438: Establishment of MDA-MB231-derived breast cancer cell lines possessing a higher metastatic activity and a resistance to radiation.
Authors: Takamitsu Hara, Manabu Iwadate, Shuichi Shiratori, Kenji Gonda, Tatsuo Shimura, Yoshihiro Nakagami, Masahiko Shibata, Satoshi Waguri, Seiichi Takenoshita
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background and purpose: Metastatic cancer tissues might have characteristics different from their original primary regions, which could affect strategies for radiotherapy. To investigate properties of metastatic cancers and their radiosensitivities, we established MDA-MB231-derived breast cancer cell lines, which were prone to cause metastasis when transplanted into mouse. Methods: A breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB231 expressing pGL4.5/luciferase were injected into nude mice via left ventricle or mammary gland tissue to form metastatic lesions. The metastatic cells in lymph nodes, bone, and lung were detected by a bioluminescence imaging technique, which were excised, cultured, and transplanted into the next mice in the same way. Such transplantation procedures were repeated 3 times to establish organ-oriented metastasis-prone cell lines. The different characteristics of these cells were examined by morphological analysis, and proliferation, invasion, and migration assays, as well as radiation sensitivity test. Result: There was no significant difference among cell lines in morphology and proliferative ability. All three metastasis-prone cell lines showed increased activity in migration and invasion compared to the parental cell line. Moreover, they showed lower sensitivities to radiation than the parental cell line, while no difference was found among the metastasis-prone cell lines. Conclusion: We have established new cell lines that could be used for the study of metastatic breast cancers in relation to the radiotherapy. Citation Format: Takamitsu Hara, Manabu Iwadate, Shuichi Shiratori, Kenji Gonda, Tatsuo Shimura, Yoshihiro Nakagami, Masahiko Shibata, Satoshi Waguri, Seiichi Takenoshita. Establishment of MDA-MB231-derived breast cancer cell lines possessing a higher metastatic activity and a resistance to radiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 438. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-438
Decline in ventricular fibrillation threshold after successive premature extrastimuli: a possible explanation for the induction of ventricular fibrillation during programmed stimulation with multiple extrastimuli
Authors: E. S GANG, T. PETER, H. S KARAGUEUZIAN, W. J MANDEL, M. MEESMANN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To examine the relation between the ventricular fibrillation threshold and the number of premature extrastimuli delivered to the right ventricle during programmed ventricular stimulation, a clinical stimulation protocol was performed in nine normal, anaesthetised, closed chest dogs. In addition, the ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured in each dog after a train of eight paced (S1) beats (VFT-S2), after a single premature extrastimulus (VFT-S3), and after two extrastimuli (VFT-S4). The VFT-V3 was 32% lower than the VFT-S2 (16(7) mA vs 24(9) mA, p less than 0.001). The VFT-S4, or the current required by the S4 extrastimulus to induce ventricular fibrillation, was 25% lower than the VFT-S3 (12(8) mA vs 16(7) mA, p less than 0.05). The cumulative reduction in the ventricular fibrillation threshold measured by the S1S2S3S4 stimulation protocol was approximately 50%. Although in most dogs the VFT-S4 was still considerably higher than twice threshold current intensity, the results of the study suggest that a possible mechanism for the induction of non-clinical ventricular fibrillation in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory may be the progressive lowering of the ventricular fibrillation threshold caused by the addition of multiple extrastimuli. This may be particularly relevant in patients with an already reduced fibrillation threshold.
Glimpse of a Great Surgeon
Authors: René Bine
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor:  —In a recent number ofThe Journal(Sept. 7, 1912, p. 814), mention was made of the semicentennial celebration of the first ovariotomy performed in France by Dr. Koeberle of Strasburg, who is now living in retirement. The operation had been performed in England, Germany and America shortly before Dr. Koeberle undertook his. At that time the performance of such a daring thing as an abdominal operation was looked on as almost criminal.  About six years ago I happened to be traveling between Heidelberg and Paris. When the train stopped at Strasburg, three people entered my compartment; a middle-aged, heavyset woman, accompanied by a gentleman who shortly after repaired to the smoker; and a very old gentleman wearing a long black coat and a high hat, from under which straggled a few locks of white hair. Looking over the top of my book, which was, nevertheless, quite
Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Albert Liebman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 November 1998Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and TreatmentAlbert Liebman, MDAlbert Liebman, MDMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00046 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment; Poceta JS, Mitler MM; eds. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 1998. $69.50. ISBN 0896035271. Order phone 201-256-1699.Format: Hardcover book.Field of medicine: Sleep medicine.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To educate generalist physicians about sleep disorders.Content: Three of the 10 chapters provide an overview of sleep problems and the diagnostic approach to sleep disorders in primary care practice. The remaining chapters deal with the diagnosis and treatment of specific sleep disorders, sleep problems in children, pharmacologic treatment, and bright-light therapy.Highlights: The book contains many useful tables that provide pathways for diagnosis and treatment ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 759KeywordsChildrenDecision makingElderlyNarcolepsyPregnancyPrimary care physiciansSleepSleep apneaSleep disorders ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Physician's MEDLINE and Emergency Medicine MEDLINE
Authors: Daniel S. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As the universe of medical literature continues its massive expansion, not unlike cosmology's own big bang, technology is advancing in stride, attempting to organize chaos. The latest tool is a series of MEDLINE subsets on CD-ROM. For the uninitiated, CD-ROM (compact diskread only memory) uses disks similar to audio CDs, but stores information instead of music. A special CD-ROM drive, costing $300 to $500 mail order, is connected to or installed within a personal computer. A disk holds approximately 600 megabytes (166 000 single-spaced pages of text). CD-ROM drives are considerably slower than a typical hard drive and cannot store information; they only read what has been imprinted during fabrication, hence "read only memory." The enormous storage capacity makes this medium suitable for medical reference. I reviewed two products from Macmillan New Media:<i>The Physician's MEDLINE</i>, which contains over 320 000 citations, many with abstracts, from 155 of the more
Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma With Tc-99m MIBI Washout
Authors: Muhammad S. Khan, Sameer Khan, Marika Vereb, Adil M. Al-Nahhas, Roberto Dina, J Lynn, W Fleming
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The authors present a case of a 71-year-old woman with clinical and biochemical features of primary hyperparathyroidism and a history of right pneumonectomy. An ultrasound scan did not demonstrate any abnormality. A planar Tc-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) scan showed an area of minimally increased uptake within the right hemithorax. However, unlike most adenomas, this demonstrated washout similar to the thyroid at 90 minutes and 3 hours. Subsequent SPECT imaging clearly showed the lesion in the superior right hemithorax. A CT scan and angiogram confirmed the presence of this mass. After surgery, histology confirmed the diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma. Postoperatively, the calcium and PTH levels returned to normal.
THE PHONOGRAPH IN TESTING HEARING.Read before the Chieago Medical Society.
Authors: GEORGE F. FISKE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

It is certainly no exaggeration to say that scientific examination and treatment of the ear began with Anton von Troeltsch's method of using a perforated concave mirror reflecting daylight or artificial light into the ear. It is also probably true that since that time, 1855, more time and labor have been spent in attempts to devise satisfactory hearing tests than upon any other question of ctology. Aurists have clearly recognized this lack and have known just what they wished to accomplish. To give a definition of normal hearing power one must consider the hearing with regard to intensity of sound, ability to hear loud or soft sounds, with regard to the pitch, and the tone, quality and also the distinctness with which rapidly recurring tones or noises can be separated by the ear. It is in consequence impossible at present to establish an absolute standard of normal hearing. Practically,
Informed Consent Revisited: Japan and the U.S.
Authors: Akira Akabayashi, Brian Taylor Slingsby
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

Informed consent, decision-making styles and the role of patient-physician relationships are imperative aspects of clinical medicine worldwide. We present the case of a 74-year-old woman afflicted with advanced liver cancer whose attending physician, per request of the family, did not inform her of her true diagnosis. In our analysis, we explore the differences in informed-consent styles between patients who hold an "independent" and "interdependent" construal of the self and then highlight the possible implications maintained by this position in the context of international clinical ethics. Finally, we discuss the need to reassess informed-consent styles suitable to the needs of each patient regardless of whether he or she resides in the United States or in Japan.
EU aims to tackle growing problem of obesity
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The European Commission has published a consultative green paper on promoting healthy diets and physical activity to help tackle the growing prevalence of obesity.

Presenting the report, Markos Kyprianou, the health commissioner, said: “The rise in obesity is a Europe-wide problem which requires a coordinated Europe-wide approach if we are to contain and reverse this trend.”

Over the past decade in European countries the number of obese people has increased by between 10% and 40%. Around 14 million European Union citizens are now considered obese or overweight. …
Audit of secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction
Authors: D L Whitford, A J Southern
Journal: BMJ (1994)

possible explanation is that people with chronic back pain tend to retire earlier from physically demanding work.According to former observations the risk of back pain increases until the age of 50 years and then decreases.5To my knowledge, this is the first prospective study on the association between back pain and mortality.More research is needed to determine the validity of these results and to find out the character and mechanism of vascular back pain.If vascular reasons prove to be the usual causes of back pain, the diagnosis and care of chronic back pain will change drastically.This study was supported by the Farmers' Social Insurance Institution of Finland.I thank Pentti Mikela for his data processing work.
Serum autoantibodies, ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: R W Chapman, M Cottone, W S Selby, H A Shepherd, S Sherlock, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1986)

The aetiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis is unknown, but it is closely associated with ulcerative colitis. Serum anticolon antibodies, crossreacting with portal tracts, have been reported in patients with ulcerative colitis but no studies have been carried out in primary sclerosing cholangitis. The frequency of serum anticolon antibodies and portal tract antibodies have been measured in 24 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis; 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis without ulcerative colitis; 77 patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis: 25 patients with Crohn's colitis; 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis; 22 patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and 20 normal controls. Serum anticolon and portal tract antibodies were detected using immunoperoxidase techniques on normal colon and obstructed human liver. Tissue typing was undertaken using a standard microcytotoxicity technique. The frequency of anticolon antibodies was markedly increased in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with ulcerative colitis (62.5%) compared with patients with ulcerative colitis (17%) and Crohn's colitis (16%) (chi 2 = 17.9; p less than 0.001). The antibodies were almost entirely of IgG and IgA classes in all groups. Anticolon antibodies were not found in sera from any other group. Sera from eight of 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis and anticolon antibody reacted with portal tracts of human obstructed liver. This reaction was also seen in four of nine patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and in three of 15 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis alone. Portal tract antibody was of IgG class and was not present in sera from any other groups. Unlike anticolon antibody, there was a close relationship between HLA-B8 phenotype and the portal tract antibody (p<0.02; chi 2 = 6.04). Absorption studies confirmed that the anticolon antibody is distinct from portal tract antibody.
MENTAL PECULIARITIES in HAeMOPHILIA
Authors: C. T. Dent
Journal: BMJ (1898)

APRILthe dorsum of the tongue until it comes in contact with the pharyn,eal wall.T'hien, by a simple leverage action of the wrist, the whole toxgue with the epiglottis and hyoid bone may be made to move upwards and away from the pharyngeal wall as far as the thyxo-hyoid membrane will allow such a .movement;and in a moment all obstruction to the entrance
Comparative effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine and metoprolol on regional left ventricular function in patients with one-vessel coronary disease.
Authors: M Pfisterer, L Glaus, F Burkart
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To compare acute effects of nitroglycerin (0.8 mg sublingually), nifedipine (5 ng/kg/min i.v.) and metoprolol (0.15 mg/kg i.v.) on normal, ischemic and scarred myocardial segments in man, we performed simultaneous hemodynamic and radionuclide measurements of left ventricular functions. Sixteen patients with isolated left anterior descending (LAD) disease were studied at rest and during exercise. Nine patients had angina and exercise-induced ischemia (LAD stenosis) and seven patients had previous transmural myocardial infarction and no ischemic changes during thallium imaging (LAD occlusion). The effects of the drugs on regional ejection fraction of the involved anteroseptal region and the normal posterolateral area were compared. Global ejection fraction at rest did not change after nitroglycerin, increased after nifedipine and decreased after metoprolol. In patients with ischemia, the exercise ejection fraction improved after all drugs due to increased regional ejection fraction in ischemic segments: i.e., a regional antiischemic effect evidenced by improved regional function could be demonstrated with all three agents. Regional ejection fraction increased from 35.8 +/- 19.5% to 66.2 +/- 15.2% (+/- SD) after nitroglycerin (p less than 0.001), to 61.7 +/- 8.7% after nifedipine (p less than 0.001), and to 48.4 +/- 7.0% after metoprolol (p less than 0.01). In regions of myocardial scar, regional ejection fraction was not changed after any drug. In normal areas, regional ejection fraction remained unchanged after nitroglycerin and nifedipine, but decreased after metoprolol. Despite similar antiischemic effects of all three drugs, underlying hemodynamic mechanisms were quite different and may provide a rationale for combined forms of treatment. These results may help to select optimal drug combinations to improve myocardial performance in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.
Abstract 4450: Identification of IGF1R as a responsible factor and a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired and intrinsic resistance to PI3K inhibitors.
Authors: Shingo Dan, Sho Isoyama, Yumiko Nishimura, Naoki Nakamura, Gensei Kajiwara, Naomi Tamaki, Mutsumi Okamura, Takao Yamori
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in human cancers. Therefore PI3K is thought to be a promising target for cancer therapy, and many compounds targeting PI3K have been developed and tested in clinical trials. Acquired resistance is a major obstacle for conventional cancer chemotherapy, and also for some of the targeted therapies approved to date. Long-term administration of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and imatinib, gives rise to resistant cancer cells carrying a drug-resistant gatekeeper mutation in the kinase domain of the respective target genes, EGFR and BCR-ABL. As for the PI3K inhibitors (PI3Kis), little is known about their acquired resistance. To address this issue, we established four human cancer cell lines that exhibited resistance to ZSTK474, a PI3Ki we developed previously, after drug exposure for a period of more than 1-year in vitro. None of the PI3Ki-reistant cells, however, contained any mutation in the kinase domain of the PIK3CA gene. Instead, we found that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was overexpressed in all four resistant cells. Furthermore, PI3Ki-naïve cancer cells expressing high levels of IGF1R also exhibited resistance to PI3Kis. Interestingly, IGF1R-TKIs strongly enhanced the efficacy of PI3Ki in these cells. Thus, we propose that IGF1R could serve as a biomarker to predict the inefficacy of PI3K inhibitors, and also could be a target for overcoming acquired and intrinsic resistance in IGF1R-overexpressing cancers. Citation Format: Shingo Dan, Sho Isoyama, Yumiko Nishimura, Naoki Nakamura, Gensei Kajiwara, Naomi Tamaki, Mutsumi Okamura, Takao Yamori. Identification of IGF1R as a responsible factor and a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired and intrinsic resistance to PI3K inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4450. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4450