tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes in Patients With Colon Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Paul J. Catalano, Daniel G. Haller, Robert J. Mayer, John S. Macdonald, Al B. Benson, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine the influence of diabetes mellitus on long-term outcomes and treatment-related toxicity among patients with curatively resected colon cancer.This study was a cohort study within a large, randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial of 3,759 patients with high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer treated between 1988 and 1992 throughout the United States. In the cohort, 287 patients were identified as having diabetes mellitus. With a median follow-up of 9.4 years, we analyzed differences in overall survival (OS) and colon cancer recurrence as well as treatment-related toxicity between patients with diabetes and those without diabetes.At 5 years, patients with diabetes mellitus, compared with patients without diabetes, experienced a significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS; 48% diabetics v 59% nondiabetics; P <.0001), OS (57% v 66%; P <.0001), and recurrence-free survival (RFS; 56% v 64%, P =.012). Median survival was 6.0 years and 11.3 years for diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively. Compared with patients without a history of diabetes, those with diabetes had a 42% increased risk of death from any cause (P <.0001) and 21% increased risk for recurrence (P =.05) after adjustment for other predictors of colon cancer outcome. Treatment-related toxicities were similar between the two groups, although patients with diabetes experienced an increase in treatment-related diarrhea.Patients with diabetes mellitus and high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer experienced a significantly higher rate of overall mortality and cancer recurrence, even after adjustment for other predictors of colon cancer outcome. These results underscore the need for further research to understand the mechanism that underlies this relation.
Liaison of a County Health Department Medical Officer with a Group of General Practitioners in Hampshire
Authors: A. Lloyd-James, P. M. Lambert
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A pilot scheme was set up in Hampshire in January 1970, in which a local health authority doctor was “attached” to a group of general practitioners to carry out developmental assessment on infants and young children. Older pre-school children are also seen when necessary, and in all cases possible future educational requirements are considered. Such a scheme reduces duplication of work, increases mutual understanding between general practitioners and local health authority doctors, and helps to make full use of the limited resources of medical manpower.
723 SOLUBLE CD163, A MARKER FOR MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION, IS NOT ASSOCIATED TO HCC, PER SE BUT PREDICTS DISEASE PROGRESSION
Authors: K. Kazankov, A. Rode, L. Lim, P. Angus, I. Kronborg, N. Arachchi, A. Nicoll, H.J. Møller, H. Vilstrup, H. Grenbæk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Effect of Garlic on Total Serum Cholesterol
Authors: Stephen Warshafsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To assess the size and consistency of garlic's effect on total serum cholesterol in persons with cholesterol levels greater than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). Data Sources: Clinical trials were identified by a computerized literature search of MEDLINE and by an assessment of the bibliographies of published studies and reviews. Study Selection: Trials were selected if they were randomized and placebo-controlled and if at least 75% of their patients had cholesterol levels greater than 5.17 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). Studies were excluded if they did not provide enough data to compute effect size. Five of 28 studies were selected for review. Data Extraction: Details of study design, patient characteristics, interventions, duration of therapy, and cholesterol measurements were extracted by one author and were verified by another. Data Synthesis: Study quality was evaluated by multiple reviewers using a closed-ended questionnaire. Patients treated with garlic consistently showed a greater decrease in total cholesterol levels compared with those receiving placebo. Meta-analysis of homogeneous trials estimated a net cholesterol decrease attributable to garlic of 0.59 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.74) (23 mg/dL [CI, 17 to 29]) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Meta-analysis of the controlled trials of garlic to reduce hypercholesterolemia showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels. The best available evidence suggests that garlic, in an amount approximating one half to one clove per day, decreased total serum cholesterol levels by about 9% in the groups of patients studied.
Simple measures to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis?
Authors: P. A. Testoni
Journal: Gut (2008)

Is effective pharmacological prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis impossible, uncertain or easy? Just 2 years ago I wrote an editorial on this topic and concluded at the time that the use of drugs to reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis was depressingly uncertain, and pancreatic stenting appeared the best available way to reduce—though not abolish—this complication.1 This conclusion was based on a literature overview evaluating 39 reports published between 2000 and 2005, including the only two available meta-analyses.

About 40% of clinical trials proved some efficacy of the drug tested; meta-analysis showed that octreotide did not prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis,2 whereas both somatostatin and gabexate appeared significantly associated with a reduction.3 However, the same group carried out a subsequent evidence-based medicine study 2 years later, starting from an updated meta-analysis they themselves had done on somatostatin and gabexate in patients at standard and high risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis, and concluded there was no evidence of effective prophylactic use of either drug.4 5

The main issue concerning pharmacological prophylaxis was that a drug that had been proved effective in a few trials on a limited number of patients gave largely disappointing results over the long term when it was adopted in routine clinical practice. This is very probably the consequence of the most important bias of most published trials: the sample size. Because of the low incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (overall mean rate 5%; low-risk subjects 2%), large numbers of patients are required …
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH SMALL VESSEL COMPARED TO LARGER VESSEL - UP TO 7 YEARS CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP.
Authors: Walid Hassan, Manzoor Memon, Adel Osman, Hani Al Sergani, Mohamed Mustafa, Zulfiqar Ali, Suliman Kharabsheh, Nathem Akhras, Mohamed Shoukri, Aly Al Sanei, Charles Canver
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sesquicentennial of anesthesiology recognizes newly energized specialty
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

DEPENDING ON whether they practice in Boston, Mass, or anywhere else in the United States, anesthesiologists may or may not celebrate next week.  Although March 30, 1992, has been declared the Crawford W. Long Sesquicentennial, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the use of anesthesia by the physician of that name, opinion in some places remains divided as to the propriety of handing the palm to this Jefferson, Ga, surgeon rather than Yankee dentist William Morton, who performed what he believed to be the initial use of ether during surgery 4 years later—on October 16, 1846.  According to an account in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Newsletter (1992;56:6-7), it wasn't until Long read an account of Morton's deed, originally published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal , that he decided to write about what he had been doing since March 30, 1842, in the Southern Medical Journal . To this day, there
Electrophysiological Consequences of Dyssynchronous Heart Failure and Its Restoration by Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Takeshi Aiba, Geoffrey G. Hesketh, Andreas S. Barth, Ting Liu, Samantapudi Daya, Khalid Chakir, Veronica Lea Dimaano, Theodore P. Abraham, Brian O'Rourke, Fadi G. Akar, David A. Kass, Gordon F. Tomaselli
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is widely applied in patients with heart failure and dyssynchronous contraction (DHF), but the electrophysiological consequences of CRT in heart failure remain largely unexplored.Adult dogs underwent left bundle-branch ablation and either right atrial pacing (190 to 200 bpm) for 6 weeks (DHF) or 3 weeks of right atrial pacing followed by 3 weeks of resynchronization by biventricular pacing at the same pacing rate (CRT). Isolated left ventricular anterior and lateral myocytes from nonfailing (control), DHF, and CRT dogs were studied with the whole-cell patch clamp. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were performed to measure steady state mRNA and protein levels. DHF significantly reduced the inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)), delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K)), and transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) in both anterior and lateral cells. CRT partially restored the DHF-induced reduction of I(K1) and I(K) but not I(to), consistent with trends in the changes in steady state K(+) channel mRNA and protein levels. DHF reduced the peak inward Ca(2+) current (I(Ca)) density and slowed I(Ca) decay in lateral compared with anterior cells, whereas CRT restored peak I(Ca) amplitude but did not hasten decay in lateral cells. Calcium transient amplitudes were depressed and the decay was slowed in DHF, especially in lateral myocytes. CRT hastened the decay in both regions and increased the calcium transient amplitude in lateral but not anterior cells. No difference was found in Ca(V)1.2 (alpha1C) mRNA or protein expression, but reduced Ca(V)beta2 mRNA was found in DHF cells. DHF reduced phospholamban, ryanodine receptor, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase and increased Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger mRNA and protein. CRT did not restore the DHF-induced molecular remodeling, except for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase. Action potential durations were significantly prolonged in DHF, especially in lateral cells, and CRT abbreviated action potential duration in lateral but not anterior cells. Early afterdepolarizations were more frequent in DHF than in control cells and were reduced with CRT.CRT partially restores DHF-induced ion channel remodeling and abnormal Ca(2+) homeostasis and attenuates the regional heterogeneity of action potential duration. The electrophysiological changes induced by CRT may suppress ventricular arrhythmias, contribute to the survival benefit of this therapy, and improve the mechanical performance of the heart.
Intervertebral infection due to Candida albicans in an intravenous heroin abuser.
Authors: I F Rowe, E D Wright, C S Higgens, J P Burnie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A 25 year old woman who had received intravenous heroin over one year previously developed an intervertebral abscess due to infection with Candida albicans. Immunological investigation of this patient showed no evidence of a specific defect in the host response to candida.
ANEURISM: OPERATION, RECOVERY.
Authors: JAMES R. YOCOM
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Von den in newer Zeit empfohlener Operationsmethoden verdient die von Matas angegebene, wonach die Gerinnsel aus dem Aneurisma entfernt werden und aus dem Rest des Sackes mit Catgutnaht ein neues Arter- ienrohr gebildet wird,
Bortezomib as a Potential Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Christos N. Papandreou, Christopher J. Logothetis
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Androgen ablation and chemotherapy provide effective palliation for most patients with advanced prostate cancer, but eventually progressing androgen-independent prostate cancer threatens the lives of patients usually within a few years, mandating improvement in therapy. Proteasome inhibition has been proposed as a therapy target for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. The proteasome is a ubiquitous enzyme complex that is a hub for the regulation of many intracellular regulatory pathways; because of its essential function, this enzyme has become a new target for cancer treatment. Studies with bortezomib (VELCADE, formerly known as PS-341) and other proteasome inhibitors indicate that cancer cells are especially dependent on the proteasome for survival, and several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function. Bortezomib has been studied extensively in vitro and in vivo, and anticancer activity has been seen in cell and animal models for several solid tumor types, including prostate cancer. A Phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of once-weekly bortezomib has been completed. This trial included a large fraction of patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. The maximum tolerated dose was reached at 1.6 mg/m2. A correlation was seen among bortezomib dose, proteasome inhibition, and positive modulation of serum prostate-specific antigen. There was also evidence of down-regulation of serum interleukin 6, a downstream nuclear factor κB effector. This Phase I trial and preclinical studies support additional testing of bortezomib in combination with radiation or chemotherapy for androgen-independent prostate cancer.
The March of AIDS through Asia
Authors: Bruce G. Weniger, Tim Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In this issue of the Journal, Nelson and colleagues1 describe a modest victory in what had been a losing battle in northern Thailand to control the most rapid epidemic of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection ever documented.2 Studying large cohorts of randomly selected conscripts in the Royal Thai Army, they report a significant downturn in the prevalence of HIV infection, from a peak of about 13 percent to less than 7 percent, which is also reflected in national trends.3 Although the rate of infection remains serious, this encouraging sign reflects the effect of an enlightened effort in many . . .
Fish Oil–Induced Changes in Apolipoproteins in IDDM Subjects
Authors: Trevor A Mori, Robert Vandongen, John RL Masarei
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Max EPA (a commercially available fish oil preparation) on serum cholesterol lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) men with dosages that were likely to be acceptable to patients. Twenty-two male IDDM patients aged 20–41 yr, 6 of whom had retinopathy, were recruited from the Royal Perth Hospital diabetic clinic. After screening, subjects were divided into three groups. Six of the subjects without retinopathy were randomly selected and allocated to a control group. The remaining 16 patients (10 without and 6 with retinopathy) received a fish oil supplement. All subjects were advised to maintain their usual dietary patterns. Sixteen patients, including the 6 with retinopathy, were instructed to take 15 Max EPA fish oil capsules/day with meals. Patients in the control group did not take Max EPA. Three weeks of Max EPA supplementation without other dietary modification led to a significant rise in total cholesterol (P &amp;lt; 0.01), which could be accounted for by increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The increase in HDL cholesterol was explained by a 33% rise (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in its HDL2 subclass. Changes in apolipoproteins were examined and showed that the level of apolipoprotein A-l increased after ingestion of fish oil and correlated significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with the rise in HDL cholesterol. Apolipoprotein A-ll showed a significant fall at the end of Max EPA intake in a subgroup of patients with retinopathy, and this correlated significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) with the fall in HDL3 cholesterol observed at this time. A significant rise in apolipoprotein B (P &amp;lt; 0.05) was correlated with the rise in LDL cholesterol. Possible adverse effects of the increase in both total and LDL cholesterol after 15 g/day Max EPA may be compensated for by a rise in the protective HDL2 subclass. However, in view of this hypercholesterolemic effect and evidence that suggests that LDL apolipoprotein B may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease, these findings raise questions regarding the safety of fish oils in patients with IDDM.
Bacterial Flora of the Upper Respiratory Tract in Paddington Families, 1952-4
Authors: P. L. Masters, W. Brumfitt, R. L. Mendez, M. Likar
Journal: BMJ (1958)

SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITISB _JOU pus from three of these joints produced a pure culture of Staph.aureus resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and tetra- cycline.We are grateful to Dr. H. S. Barber for allowing us to publish details of the two patients who were under his care.We thank the members of the
Block of inactivated sodium channels and of depolarization-induced automaticity in guinea pig papillary muscle by amiodarone.
Authors: J W Mason, L M Hondeghem, B G Katzung
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The electrophysiological effects of amiodarone were studied in guinea pig papillary muscle by means of the single sucrose gap voltage clamp technique. The first time derivative of the upstroke of the action potential was measured as an indicator of the sodium current. The preparations were not voltage clamped during the action potential upstroke. Acute effects of amiodarone (4.4 X 10(-5) M and 8.8 X 10(-5) M; six experiments each) and effects of chronic administration at a single dose level (nine experimental vs. eight control animals) were studied. Results were qualitatively the same for all experimental conditions, and concentration dependent in the acute studies. Amiodarone caused marked use-dependent depression of the first time derivative of the upstroke of the action potential during stimulus trains. For example, at normal resting potential, chronic amiodarone treatment reduced the first time derivative of the upstroke of the action potential of the 16th beat of trains of cycle length 300 msec to 70 +/- 15% (mean +/- SD) of the initial value. This blocking effect was accentuated at more depolarized holding potentials and reduced at hyperpolarized holding potentials. Reduction of the first time derivative of the upstroke of the action potential was found to depend upon sodium channel inactivation. For all experiments, the mean normalized first time derivative of the upstroke of the action potential following a 1-second clamp in the -20 to +20 mV range was 0.92 +/- 0.08 in the control condition and 0.66 +/- 0.20 in the presence of amiodarone (less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oblique rib views after blunt chest trauma: an unnecessary routine?
Authors: J Danher, B E Eyes, K Kumar
Journal: BMJ (1984)

careful examination showed no burns.He remained without a fever through- out his admission.He was nursed in bed and received benzylpenicillin 500 000 units four times daily for four days and oxygen via a nasal cannula.Chest radiography (figure) showed bilateral patchy consolidation, more noticeable on the left, with mediastinal and right supraclavicular surgical emphysema and no fractures.He made a rapid, uneventful recovery and was discharged home four days later with only a few persisting pulmonary crepitations.As is common in this region, he failed to attend for review.
Midwives can help increase uptake of antenatal screening for HIV
Authors: S. R Killick, J. Craske, E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—In their short report about a descriptive survey of antenatal testing for HIV Sandra E MacDonagh and colleagues raise concerns about the effectiveness of the current programmes operating in London to detect women infected with HIV.1 They show depressingly poor detection rates in all units, particularly those with selective testing policies and low uptake (<1%) of HIV testing. Even in units with an uptake of over 40% only a fifth …
Blood Transfusion in Elderly Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wen-Chih Wu, Saif S. Rathore, Yongfei Wang, Martha J. Radford, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Anemia may have adverse effects in patients with coronary artery disease. However, the benefit of blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction and various degrees of anemia is uncertain.
Selenium Sulfide Intoxication
Authors: James W. Ransone, Norman M. Scott, Edward C. Knoblock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

FOR many years it has been known that "alkali disease" of cattle is due to the ingestion of grains and grasses growing in soil containing selenium. More recently selenium has been an industrial hazard due to the ingestion or inhalation of selenium compounds. The introduction of selenium sulfide as a treatment for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp was therefore attended by considerable apprehension. However, in spite of repeated warnings of potential toxicity, the medical literature, past and present, attests to its extremely poor absorption through intact skin, when it is used properly as a shampoo, and thus to its relative . . .
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Hepatoblastoma
Authors: A H ELGAZZAR, S JAHAN, S MOTAWEI, H M ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

This is the first known report of a case in which hepatoblastoma in a 3-year-old boy showed Tc-99m diphosphonate uptake in a bone scan. Focal liver uptake of phosphate compounds by cholangiocarcinoma and by metastases of the colon, breast, lung, ovarian, and esophageal carcinomas as well as of malignant melanoma has been reported but no cases of phosphate uptake by hepatoblastoma could be found in the literature. This case demonstrates that phosphate uptake in pediatric tumors does not necessarily indicate that the tumors are of neural crest origin as was previously suggested.
Role of α9 Nicotinic ACh Receptor Subunits in the Development and Function of Cochlear Efferent Innervation
Authors: Douglas E Vetter, M.Charles Liberman, Jeffrey Mann, Jacques Barhanin, Jim Boulter, M.Christian Brown, Joanne Saffiote-Kolman, Stephen F Heinemann, A.Belén Elgoyhen
Journal: Neuron (1999)
WHO calls for closer monitoring of health risk from depleted uranium
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The World Health Organization has set out a plan to improve health surveillance in Iraq and to investigate the possible risk to health of certain environmental risk factors, such as depleted uranium.

The WHO's technical experts, who returned from Iraq earlier this month, together formulated four draft proposals for projects with Iraqi scientists. Two proposals deal with tightening …