tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genomic Inheritances: Disclosing Individual Research Results From Whole-Exome Sequencing to Deceased Participants’ Relatives
Authors: Ben Chan, Flavia M. Facio, Haley Eidem, Sara Chandros Hull, Leslie G. Biesecker, Benjamin E. Berkman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Whole-genome analysis and whole-exome analysis generate many more clinically actionable findings than traditional targeted genetic analysis. These findings may be relevant to research participants themselves as well as for members of their families. Though researchers performing genomic analyses are likely to find medically significant genetic variations for nearly every research participant, what they will find for any given participant is unpredictable. The ubiquity and diversity of these findings complicate questions about disclosing individual genetic test results. We outline an approach for disclosing a select range of genetic results to the relatives of research participants who have died, developed in response to relatives' requests during a pilot study of large-scale medical genetic sequencing. We also argue that studies that disclose individual research results to participants should, at a minimum, passively disclose individual results to deceased participants' relatives.
Meningitis after Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: J. Sebrechts
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Poliomyelitis SIR,-In your leading article on poliomyelitis (July 26, p. 135) you do not mention swimming and diving in sewage-polluted rivers as a cause of infection.'When will the people of this country understand that if they will turn sewage into our rivers and then bathe in thern they must expect trouble.Again and again we see cases of infantile paralysis appearing in farms and villages on the banks of polluted rivers.The virus is present in faeces and then passes through sewage into rivers.Young people bathe in sewage-polluted rivers, and we wonder why they get infantile paralysis.-Iam, etc., New Barnet, Hens.J. E. ELAM.SIR,-I would like to draw public attention to the danger of labelling bins " Pig Food."Take off the lid the day before the refuse is collected and you find bones, meat, fat, paper, rotten cabbage mixed up with bits of carpel, sardine tins, news- paper, and a living mass (often several inches deep) of maggots, the last item keeping us well supplied with flies.I suggest that the spread of infantile paralysis may be thus caused, an outbreak of the disease in a hill station in India being coincident with stable manure being thrown on the open ground instead of being conveyed to the destructor.-Iam, etc., London.K. 0. VAUGHAN.SIR,-The official memorandum dealing with precautions against acute poliomyelitis (Journal, July 26, p. 1J1) is not very helpful and in places a little ludicrous.For instance, in a disease which is as likely as not air-borne and principally attacks children under five, we read that gargles and nasal sprays have been disappointing.Would not it have been better to say that the nostrils of the immature should be periodically swabbed out, and that the same can be effectively done by the adult, when washing the face, with the wet fingers, thus avoiding the paraphernalia of a, nasal douche, which will certainly not be persisted in more than a few times ?-Iam, etc.,
Angiotensin induction of PAI-1 expression in endothelial cells is mediated by the hexapeptide angiotensin IV.
Authors: D M Kerins, Q Hao, D E Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in cultured endothelial cells. This response does not appear to be mediated via an interaction with either the AT1 or the AT2 receptor subtype. Since a novel angiotensin receptor has been identified in a variety of tissues that specifically binds the hexapeptide Ang IV (Ang II, [3-8]), we therefore examined the effects of Ang IV on the expression of PAI-1 mRNA in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Ang IV stimulated dose- and time-dependent increases in the expression of PAI-1 mRNA. The effect of Ang IV (10 nM) was not inhibited by Dup 753 (1.0 microM), a highly specific antagonist of the AT1 receptor, or by PD123177 (1.0 microM), a highly specific antagonist of the AT2 receptor. In contrast, the AT4 receptor antagonist, WSU1291 (1.0 microM), effectively prevented PAI-1 expression. Although larger forms of angiotensin (i.e., Ang I, Ang II, and Ang III) are capable of inducing PAI-1 expression, this property is lost in the presence of converting enzyme or aminopeptidase inhibitors. These results indicate that the hexapeptide Ang IV is the form of angiotensin that stimulates endothelial expression of PAI-1. This effect appears to be mediated via the stimulation of an endothelial receptor that is specific for Ang IV.
Group Dynamics Training
Authors: F. C. REDLICH, BORIS ASTRACHAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Knowledge about groups and the behavior of individuals within them is of increasing importance in the training of psychiatric residents and other mental health professionals. The department of psychiatry at Yale University School of Medicine has established a group training program, described by the authors, which centers about a "study group" experience. This experiential group is followed by more formal seminars in which important group concepts—including authority relations, structure, boundaries, culture, tasks, and role relationships—are examined.
Yield and impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy in severe obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: S. Lecleire, I. Iwanicki-Caron, A. Di-Fiore, C. Elie, R. Alhameedi, S. Ramirez, S. Hervé, E. Ben-Soussan, P. Ducrotté, M. Antonietti
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Patients with obscure-overt gastrointestinal bleeding (OOGIB) are defined by overt hemorrhage and negative upper and lower endoscopy findings. At present, the place of emergency capsule enteroscopy in patients with severe OOGIB is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield and the impact of emergency capsule enteroscopy on further management in patients with severe OOGIB. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Between 2003 and 2010, we retrospectively included all patients with severe OOGIB who underwent emergency capsule enteroscopy in the 24 – 48 h following negative urgent upper and lower endoscopy. Severe OOGIB was defined by ongoing bleeding with hemodynamic instability and/or the need for significant red blood cell transfusion. <b>Results:</b> Out of 5744 patients hospitalized in our Gastrointestinal Bleeding Unit, 55 (1 %) presented with severe OOGIB and underwent emergency capsule enteroscopy. Capsule enteroscopy showed blood in 41 patients (75 %) and lesions in 37 patients (67 %). Findings included small bowel angiodysplasia in 19 patients (35 %), ulcers in 7 (13 %), tumors in 5 (9 %), small-bowel varices in 2 (3 %), cecum angiodysplasia in 4 (7 %), fresh blood in small bowel without identified lesion in 12 (22 %). Specific diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were undertaken in 78 % of patients. Further management included endoscopy (54 %), surgery (22 %), and radiology (2 %). <b>Conclusions:</b> Emergency capsule enteroscopy identified bleeding lesions in 67 % of patients with severe OOGIB. Emergency capsule enteroscopy seems to be a promising diagnostic tool with a subsequent impact on clinical management in patients with severe OOGIB.
Hyperamylasemia as a Manifestation of Fatal Hepatic Disease.
Authors: Ramon R. Joseph
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Hyperamylasemia as a Manifestation of Fatal Hepatic Disease.Ramon R. Joseph, M.D., F.A.C.P., Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Ramon R. Joseph, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Fred W. Whitehouse, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1068_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElevation of serum amylase in excess of 1,000 Somogyi units is not commonly associated with hepatic disorders. We have recently encountered five patients in whom the diagnosis of pancreatitis was initially made on the basis of marked elevation of the serum amylase but who were found to have fulminant hepatic disease at postmortem examination. Levels of serum amylase ranged from 1,060 to 1,300 Somogyi units. At autopsy one patient had miliary tuberculosis with extensive liver involvement and four had massive hepatic necrosis, thought to be due to viral hepatitis in three and to toxic hepatitis in one. None had significant... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor and Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1068-1068KeywordsAutopsyHepatitisLiverMiliary tuberculosisNecrosisPancreatitis Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of hay fever with loratadine ‐ a new non‐sedating antihistamine
Authors: K. Irander, L. M. ÖDkvist, B. Ohlander
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The efficacy and safety of loratadine, a new orally active specific H‐receptor blocking antihistamine with poor penetration into the CNS, was evaluated in a double blind comparative study. One hundred and seven hay fever patients, sensitive to birch pollen, were randomized into three parallel groups receiving loratadine 40 mg once daily, clemastine 1 mg twice daily, or placebo during the birch pollen season. Both active treatments showed reduction of symptoms in comparison with placebo, but the results were more pronounced with loratadine treatment, which significantly reduced the overall allergic condition as well as all separate allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis symptoms except nasal stuffiness. Compared with placebo the sedation rate was significantly higher with clemastine treatment ( P &lt; 0.05) but not with loratadine, Loratadine was thus concluded to be efficacious in hay fever treatment with a sedation rate not differing from placebo.
Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities
Authors: R. J. VAN DOOREN-GREEBE, J. A. M. LEMMENS, T. DE BOO, N. M. A. HANGX, A. L. A. KULJPERS, P. C. M. VAN DE KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

It is generally accepted that the spine is the site of predilection for retinoid-induced skeletal abnormalities. However, the reported prevalence of skeletal problems varies widely. To investigate the frequency and severity of retinoid-induced spinal abnormalities, all records of patients who underwent spinal radiographs at the request of the department of dermatology between 1983 and 1993 were reviewed. This group of 135 patients comprised the total population of retinoid-treated patients and those patients who were investigated for possible future retinoid treatment. The mean treatment period in the total group was 30 months and the mean cumulative dose of retinoid was 31 g. In 50 patients the treatment period was > or = 24 months with 30 patients being treated for more than 48 months. Baseline radiographs were available from 26 patients and these were compared with the most recent X-rays during treatment. The mean treatment period in this 'prospective group' was 25 months and the mean cumulative dose of retinoid was 25 g. The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), degenerative changes and osteoporosis in the total group was respectively 16%, 53% and 29%. There was no statistically significant relation between the duration of treatment or the cumulative dose and the prevalence or severity of DISH, degenerative changes and osteoporosis. Only the age of the patients was significantly related to the frequency and severity of skeletal abnormalities. In the 'prospective group', again, no important changes were observed between the radiographs at baseline and during treatment. In this study no relation whatsoever between spinal abnormalities and prolonged oral retinoid treatment could be established. The performance of annual routine spinal radiographs during retinoid treatment is not necessary in our opinion. Additional controlled and prospective studies on spinal and extraspinal skeletal abnormalities are required to develop definitive screening guidelines for patients submitted to long-term retinoid treatment.
Protecting the Myocardial Cell During Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Sidney Levitsky
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Using the ischemic myocardial cell as a paradigm, competitive coronary revascularization technologies will be analyzed for their potential in causing additional myocardial cell damage during the course of therapeutic procedures. Methods and Results— Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using balloon and/or stent (bare metal or coated) approaches may be associated with myonecrosis related to atherosclerotic debris plugging the downstream coronary microcirculation as well as ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with revascularization of occluded coronary vessels. The placement of distal mechanical devices and filters during the course of PCI has not been successful in ameliorating this problem. Coronary revascularization using coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) similarly may be associated with myocardial stunning and cell necrosis associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Surgically induced myocardial ischemia secondary to aortic cross clamping, results from the attenuation or cessation of coronary blood flow such that oxygen delivery to the myocardium is insufficient to meet basal myocardial requirements to preserve cellular membrane stability and viability. Recovery involves: (1) resumption of normal oxidative metabolism and the restoration of myocardial energy reserves; (2) reversal of ischemia induced cell swelling and loss of membrane ion gradients and the adenine nucleotide pool; (3) repair of damaged cell organelles such as the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Despite meticulous adherence to presently known principles of surgical myocardial protection using advanced cardioplegic technologies, some patients require inotropic support and/or mechanical assist devices postoperatively, when none was required preoperatively. Conclusions— Which method of coronary revascularization causes the least amount of myocardial cell injury and is associated with superior long-term outcomes remains an area of increasing controversy.
Top Accessed Article
Authors: Miguel Ramon Sanchez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Systemic Administration of Calmodulin Antagonist W-7 or Protein Kinase A Inhibitor H-8 Prevents Torsade de Pointes in Rabbits
Authors: Alexander Mazur, Dan M. Roden, Mark E. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The ventricular arrhythmia torsade de pointes (TdP) occurs after QT interval prolongation and is associated with sudden cardiac death. The afterdepolarizations that initiate TdP are facilitated by protein kinase A and the multifunctional Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase). Methods and Results —In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of suppression of TdP through systemic therapy with kinase inhibitory agents in an established animal model. Under control conditions, TdP was inducible in 6 of 8 rabbits. CaM kinase blockade with the calmodulin antagonist W-7 reduced TdP in a dose-dependent fashion (4 of 7 inducible at 25 μmol/kg and 1 of 7 inducible at 50 μmol/kg). Increased intracellular Ca 2+ has been implicated in the genesis of afterdepolarizations, but pretreatment with high-dose W-7 did not prevent TdP in response to the L-type Ca 2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 (300 nmol/kg), suggesting that CaM kinase–independent activation of L-type Ca 2+ current was not affected by W-7. Compared with control animals, W-7 reduced TdP inducibility without shortening the QT interval, increasing heart rate, or reducing the blood pressure. The protein kinase A antagonist H-8 also caused a dose-dependent reduction in TdP inducibility (5 of 6 at 1 μmol/kg, 4 of 6 at 5 μmol/kg, and 0 of 6 at 10 μmol/kg), but unlike W-7, H-8 did so by shortening the QT interval. Conclusions —These findings show that the acute systemic application of W-7 and H-8 is hemodynamically tolerated and indicate that kinase inhibition may be a viable antiarrhythmic strategy.
Book: The Roles and Responsibilities of the Ethics Consultant: A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Margin of Error: The Ethics of Mistakes in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: N. Lester
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Benjamin Freedman Ed Françoise Baylis University Publishing Group, $16.95, pp 176 ISBN 1 55572 058 7 See http://www.upgbooks.com/ for ordering details Eds Susan B Rubin, Laurie Zoloth University Publishing Group, $29.95, pp 374 ISBN 1 55572 053 6 See http://www.upgbooks.com/ for ordering details Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>, ![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> The degree to which ethical dilemmas are addressed in everyday clinical practice is, probably, more than any other factor, a reflection of our willingness to acknowledge them. So, for anyone out there sceptical about the relevance of bioethics, these two books demonstrate the wide scope of ethical considerations in medicine. The Roles and Responsibilities of the Ethics Consultant most convincingly illustrates the breadth of bioethics. It is a collection of 35 case histories collated after … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Fortnightly review: Modern drug treatment of chronic asthma
Authors: B. J Lipworth
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The drug treatment of asthma has remained essentially unchanged over the past three decades in terms of the use of corticosteroid, β2 agonist, and theophylline drugs. Asthma treatment has also been improved by the widespread dissemination and implementation of management guidelines emphasising the pivotal role of first line preventative, anti-inflammatory therapy. 1 2 This article provides a brief overview of modern drug treatment for chronic asthma. It does not cover the treatment of acute asthma, which is discussed in detail elsewhere.3

### Summary points

The dose of inhaled steroid should be titrated against asthmatic symptoms, peak flow, and usage of β2 agonist drugs

The safest dose of inhaled steroid is the lowest effective maintenance dose producing optimal long term control and quality of life

Adding second line anti-inflammatory controller treatment such as a leukotriene antagonist or theophylline may be an alternative to monotherapy with a high dose of inhaled steroid

If control is inadequate despite optimised anti-inflammatory treatment, it is better to add regular treatment with a long acting β2 agonist drug than a short acting one

I searched Medline and BIDS for articles published between 1977 and 1998, using appropriate index terms for each drug or class of drugs. I included key review articles and searched manually for relevant papers and abstracts in recent issues of mainstream journals on general, respiratory, and allergy medicine. This article was also based on personal, long standing, clinical and research interests in the management of allergy and asthma. Some aspects of this review will inevitably be based on personal opinion, particularly where the latest guidelines are already out of date—for example, with the emerging role of leukotriene antagonists.



Fig 1 
The inflammatory cascade in asthma



The past decade of research has led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma and, in particular, …
Patients' Expectations and Demand Management
Authors: Donald M. Vickery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Patients' Expectations and Demand ManagementDonald M. Vickery, MD and Wendy D. Lynch, PhDDonald M. Vickery, MDHealth Decisions International, LLC, Golden, CO 80401Lynch Consulting, Ltd., Lakewood, CO 80228Search for more papers by this author and Wendy D. Lynch, PhDHealth Decisions International, LLC, Golden, CO 80401Lynch Consulting, Ltd., Lakewood, CO 80228Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Kravitz and colleagues [1] is a valuable contribution to our understanding of patients' expectations and therefore is important to the emerging science of demand management. One can imagine, then, our surprise at the authors' suggestion that these findings should decrease interest in demand management. We believe that the authors may have an inaccurate view of demand management and suggest that they consider the following points.First, demand management does not “discourage health care utilization.” The current definition of demand management is “the use of decision support and self-management support to enable and encourage individuals ...References1. Kravitz RL, Callahan EJ, Paterniti D, Antonius D, Dunham M, Lewis CE. Prevalence and sources of patients' unmet expectations for care. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:730-7. Google Scholar2. Vickery DM, Lynch WD. Demand management: enabling patients to use medical care appropriately. J Occup Environ Med. 1995; 37:551-7. Google Scholar3. Green LA. Demand management: a physician's perspective. Partnership for Prevention Conference. Washington, DC: Self-Care and Demand Management; 1996. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Health Decisions International, LLC, Golden, CO 80401Lynch Consulting, Ltd., Lakewood, CO 80228 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPredicting Patient Follow-Through on Telephone Nursing AdvicePredictors of Patient Satisfaction With Telephone Nursing Services 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 744KeywordsBehaviorHealth careHealth care utilizationMedical servicesMotivationNursesPerceptionReasoning Issue Published: 1 May 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
844-5 Assessment of aortic wall mechanics in Marfan syndrome by transesophageal echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Antonio Vitarelli, Ysabel Conde, Ilaria D'Angeli, Ester Cimino, Simona D'Orazio, Simona Stellato, Viviana Padella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)