tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholera in Britain.
Authors: B. Maegraith
Journal: BMJ (1970)

questioning.The story of unexplained abdominal pain in the mother or other members of the family tends to support the diagnosis.Treatment with antidepressants, either the tricyclic group or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, is frequently effective in eliminating the abdominal discomfort.In most cases regardless of age the relief is permanent unless there is renewed stress causing repeated anxiety in the child.The condition may be disabling, since the depressed child cannot function adequately either socially or at school.The underlying emotional problems often remain unsuspected, and frequent short absences from school lead to poor school work and antipathy on the part of the teachers.There is reluctance to use antidepressant drugs in children, but in this type of recur- rent abdominal pain they are certainly no more dangerous than a laparotomy and may be much more beneficial.-Weare, etc.,
SOME OF THE CAUSES OF NERVOUS DISTURBANCES.
Authors: JOSEPH EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen:</h3> —I would rather this afternoon be an attentive listener, and be instructed, than attempt to instruct. I was much pleased with the idea of uniting specialties rather than subdividing them. There is certainly a great advantage in reciprocity in connection with the specialty of neurology and that of gynecology. I have this conviction very forcibly impressed upon me every day when I am at work, because of the extreme difficulty encountered in determining whether, in a given case, the disease from which my patient suffers is a local expression of a general neurasthenia, or whether the neurasthenia is the expression of a local pelvic condition. The title upon the program is a little different from that which I gave the Secretary. I said I would speak of the causes of some pelvic diseases which had to do with nervous conditions. It is not by any means
Antimicrobial resistance: bacteria on the defence
Authors: S. B Levy
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics characterises the present decade. Finding organisms insensitive to over 10 different antibiotics is not unusual. Although most of the hardier organisms are present in hospitals, strains of multidrug resistant bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and Escherichia coli , also cause serious community acquired infections. Moreover, resistant bacteria from hospitals can be introduced into the community via the estimated 5% of patients discharged for continued treatment at home — taking with them multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant enterococci. Since about half of antibiotic usage in the developed world (and perhaps more in the developing world) is inappropriate, there is a certain optimism that we can reverse the resistance problem if we improve use and thus return to an environment populated with susceptible strains.

To understand resistance, imagine being a bacterium in a world bombarded with antimicrobials. Living in a human, you would face antibiotics being taken for routine infections and for non-threatening conditions like acne. As a susceptible strain you have to acquire a survival mechanism. This is not too difficult, as your resistant counterparts, though less common, are very …
Bone Metastases in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Demonstrated by Scintigraphy
Authors: ANNICK D. VAN DEN ABBEELE, RUTH HARDOFF, HENRY D. ROYAL, GERALD M. KOLODNY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m MDP was performed on a 62-year-old man with the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. The scan showed multiple foci of abnormal bone uptake, and results of a subsequent biopsy confirmed the presence of metastatic non-beta islet-cell tumor tissue.
Virgin gets slice of England's primary care services
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two publicly quoted independent sector healthcare providers became entirely private companies last week, as Richard Branson’s Virgin took over Assura’s medical division, and Care UK negotiated a management buyout with the private equity group Bridgepoint.

That apart, the two deals are very different. Assura is basically a property company with £350m (€390m; $530m) of assets, mostly on long term rental to the NHS, a profitable pharmacy chain, and a joint venture operation with local GPs that has won around 50 contracts to provide primary care services in England.

Assura Medical, the division that will be 75% owned by Virgin when the deal is completed, has been successful in winning contracts but lost £4.4m last year, dragging the whole group into losses. Without its …
AAV8-mediated Gene Therapy Prevents Induced Biochemical Attacks of Acute Intermittent Porphyria and Improves Neuromotor Function
Authors: Makiko Yasuda, David F Bishop, Mary Fowkes, Seng H Cheng, Lin Gan, Robert J Desnick
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an autosomal dominant hepatic porphyria due to half-normal hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMB-synthase) activity, is manifested by life-threatening acute neurological attacks that are precipitated by factors that induce heme biosynthesis. The acute attacks are currently treated with intravenous hemin, but a more continuous therapy is needed, particularly for patients experiencing frequent attacks. Thus, a recombinant AAV8-based serotype vector expressing murine HMB-synthase driven by liver-specific regulatory elements was generated and its effectiveness to prevent the biochemical induction of an acute attack was evaluated in an AIP mouse model. Intraperitoneal administration of the adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent increase of HMB-synthase activity that was restricted to the liver. Stable expression of hepatic HMB-synthase was achieved and wild-type or greater levels were sustained for 36 weeks. When heme synthesis was periodically induced by a series of phenobarbital injections, the treated mice did not accumulate urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or porphobilinogen (PBG), indicating that the expressed enzyme was functional in vivo and prevented induction of the acute attack. Further, rotarod performance and footprint analyses improved significantly. Thus, liver-directed gene therapy provided successful long-term correction of the hepatic metabolic abnormalities and improved neuromotor function in the murine model of human AIP.
Studies on Pancreatitis
Authors: E. G. Saint, S. Weiden
Journal: BMJ (1953)

In the same year as von Mering and Minkowski (1889) produced experimental diabetes in dogs by ligating the pancreatic duct, Fitz (1889), of Boston, described a case of " acute catastrophic inflammation of the pancreas."It is a regrettable fact that, 63 years later, the knowledge of exocrine and endocrine physiology of the gland, based on the brilliant work of Pavlov ( 1902), Bayliss and Star- ling (1902), and Banting and Best (1921-2), far out- strips the understanding of the clinical entities of pan- creatitis.There are several reasons why this should be so: in the first place, pancreatitis is often difficult to diagnose, for the most suggestive symptom-pain-is variable both in site and in intensity, and is closely mimicked by other intra-abdominal conditions; secondly, diagnostic laboratory tests are by no means infallible; and, finally, little is known of the pathology of pancreatitis.Acute and chronic pancreatitis have long been regarded as separate clinical and pathological entities, the one presenting as an acute abdominal emergency, and the other as a rare cause of abdominal pain, obstruc- tive jaundice, wasting, steatorrhoea, or diabetes mellitus.Comfort et al. (1946) have established a link between acute and chronic pancreatitis in their now classical description of " chronic relapsing pancreatitis."Not the least important part of their work was to draw atten- tion to the aetiological significance of alcoholism.
Studies on the Atherosclerotic Pigeon
Authors: Robert W. Prichard
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIS PAPER deals with the spontaneously atherosclerotic White Carneau pigeon, and the atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeon; other breeds also have the disease, but will not be discussed. The White Carneaux come from a strain inbred since 1916. The morphologic, biochemical, and genetic aspects of the disease will be outlined. The effect of certain diets and therapeutic agents on the disease will be mentioned. The original groups of birds used in this study, both Show Racer and White Carneau, had been kept under identical conditions of diet, bousing, and exercise. Their diet is a mixture of corn, peas, wheat, and milo, with a mineral supplement and water ad lib. They were housed in large open-front lofts with a wire-enclosed fly pen permitting restricted exercise. The pigeons were from 4 to 8 years old. Subsequent studies have dealt with birds both older and younger than this original group. In the White Carneau
A Guitar Is a Violin Is a Feeling Is an Essay Is Two Letters and One Comment
Authors: Suzanne Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I was amused and frustrated in reading Mark Litwin's 1 description of George Braque's Aria de Bach , your featured cover article of July 26. He quotes Gertrude Stein—a painting of a  without a violin—then proceeds to describe the violin in the painting with one gross inaccuracy after another. The irony is that there is , in fact, no  in the painting.  Although I am a professional violinist, it doesn't take my expertise to know that the instrument in the painting is clearly a guitar! For those, like Litwin, who might not know the visual difference between the two instruments, may I point them out? A guitar has a large sound hole in the middle of the instrument, while a  has two small F holes near the sides. A guitar has six strings, while a  has four. A guitar does not have a bridge that
Differences in ischaemia tolerance between hypertrophied hearts of adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: L H E H Snoeckx, G J v. d. Vusse, W A Coumans, P H M Willemsen, R S Reneman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to examine differences between the postischaemic functional and biochemical recovery of adult and aged hypertrophied hearts. Methods: Isolated hypertrophied hearts of adult and aged spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRadult; SHRaged) and normal hearts of age matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYadult; WKYaged) were perfused in an ejecting heart preparation. Haemodynamic function was monitored before and after 45 min of ischaemia. Coronary effluent samples and tissue biopsies were taken for biochemical analysis. Results: After ischaemia, in SHRadult and WKYadult, the maximum positive first derivative of the left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) was restored to 105% and 97% respectively of the preischaemic values. Left ventricular developed pressure recovered to 80% (SHRadult) and 97% (WKYadult), while cardiac output reached 71% (SHRadult) and 99% (WKYadult) of preischaemic levels. In SHRaged and WKYaged the dP/dtmax recovered to 26% and 60% respectively (both p < 0.05 compared to the preischaemic values). The left ventricular developed pressure recovered to 36% in SHRaged and to 73% in WKYaged (both p < 0.05), while cardiac output was restored to 6% in SHRaged and 38% in WKYaged (both p < 0.05). Throughout reperfusion, left ventricular end diastolic pressure remained significantly elevated in SHRaged, and was associated with a prominent subendocardial underperfusion, suggesting an impaired diastolic functional recovery. Overall haemodynamic recovery was significantly better in the WKYaged than in the SHRaged. The preischaemic total adenine nucleotides content was comparable in all groups, but creatine phosphate levels were significantly lower in both aged groups than in adult groups. In all but the WKYadult, the total adenine nucleotides were depressed upon reperfusion, while creatine phosphate normalised, except in SHRaged. SHRaged lost more lactate dehydrogenase and tended to lose more xanthine and uric acid than other groups. Conclusions: The aged hypertrophied heart shows a higher vulnerability to ischaemic damage than the adult hypertrophied heart. This phenomenon is associated with subendocardial underperfusion, increased membrane damage and inadequate recovery of creatine phosphate levels. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:874-881
NECROPSY PERCENTAGE IN RELATION TO HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY
Authors: LUDVIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

"Necropsy percentage" means the percentage of deaths in which a necropsy is made, and "hospital efficiency" means the efficiency with which a hospital carries on its primary functions; namely, caring for patients and promoting the growth and diffusion as well as the use of medical knowledge. Obviously, the significance of necropsy percentage in relation to efficiency will depend on the actual value the necropsy has today. <h3>INFLUENCE OF NECROPSY ON MEDICAL PROGRESS</h3> The value to medical progress of the necropsy stands forth clearly in medical history. By substituting observation for speculation, it was a potent means in driving dogma and fantasy out of medicine. In bringing to light the relation of structural changes to the clinical phenomena, it increased vastly the knowledge and understanding of disease, aided directly in the identification of diseases, and constituted the basis of physical diagnosis. It was the forerunner of the science of morbid anatomy,
Tooth wear against ceramic crowns in posterior region: a systematic literature review
Authors: Rim Hmaidouch, Paul Weigl
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

The objective of this systematic review was to assess tooth wear against ceramic crowns in posterior region in vitro and in vivo. An electronic PubMed search was conducted to identify studies on tooth wear against ceramic crowns in posterior region. The selected studies were analyzed in regard to type of crowns, natural antagonist, measuring protocol and outcome. From a yield of 1 000 titles, 43 articles were selected for full-text analysis; finally, no in vitro and only five in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria. As there is heterogeneity in design, used measuring method, ceramics and analysis-form, a meta-analysis was not possible. Results of these studies are very controversial which makes a scientifically valid comparison impossible. This review indicated that some all-ceramic crowns are as wear friendly as metal-ceramic crowns. Up to now, it has been impossible to associate tooth wear with any specific causal agent. The role of ceramic surface treatment that might be responsible for the changing in rate of tooth wear seems undetermined as yet through clinical trials. The literature reveals that studies on this topic are subject to a substantial amount of bias. Therefore, additional clinical studies, properly designed to diminish bias, are warranted. More research is needed to assess whether all-ceramic crowns accelerate the rate of tooth wear in molars and premolars, conclude two dentists in Germany who systematically reviewed the dental literature. Rim Hmaidouch and Paul Weigl from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt, searched for published studies that investigated whether a causal relationship exists between the insertions of ceramic crowns and increased wear in the posterior dental region. They found only five studies that examined the issue, including three that evaluated tooth wear in the exact same patient population. From the three independent pools of study subjects, the authors determined that some ceramic materials are wear-friendly. However, the published studies suffered from many design flaws, so they believe that additional, more rigorous clinical trials are still warranted.
Silicone Gel Breast Implants-Reply
Authors: Yank D. Coble
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Response to the comments of Dr Brody, Dr Kent, and Dr Wise is more appropriate for the FDA; therefore, the CSA response is limited to the comments of Dr Agnew, Dr Baines, and Dr Finegold.  In response to Dr Agnew's question of what are the risks, the CSA report highlighted six major areas of concern about the potential for adverse reactions to silicone gel breast implants. The CSA recommends that he obtain directly from the manufacturer or a local institutional review board the Adjunct Clinical Protocol Study agreed on by the FDA and Mentor H/S-Corp; it must be provided by the surgeon to every patient who is considering this procedure. The document contains extensive background information and references as well as a mandated informed consent that the surgeon can use as a basis for discussions with the patient.  Dr Baines is correct in concluding that the barrier function
Percutaneous Balloon Valvotomy in Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: Tilman Humpl, Björn Söderberg, Brian W. McCrindle, David G. Nykanen, Robert M. Freedom, William G. Williams, Lee N. Benson
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare congenital lesion with high mortality. Therapy was exclusively surgical until recently, when the use of radiofrequency-assisted perforation of the atretic valve was introduced as a treatment option. This study analyzes the outcomes and morphological changes to right heart structures after percutaneous perforation and balloon dilation of the atretic valve.Between April 1992 and August 2000, 30 patients with PA-IVS underwent attempted percutaneous valve perforation and balloon dilation of the pulmonary valve. Longitudinal echocardiographic measurements of the tricuspid valve diameter, right ventricular length and area were recorded. Z scores were calculated according to published formulas. Perforation was achieved in 27 patients. In 14 patients a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was performed between 2 and 24 days after valve dilation. There were 3 early and 2 late deaths. Among the survivors (follow-up time of 1 to 87 months), 16 patients had a biventricular circulation, 3 a 1(1/2)-ventricle circulation, and 1 a Fontan operation. Four patients are awaiting further palliation. There was no significant change of the tricuspid valve Z score or right ventricular length Z score with time.Percutaneous balloon valvotomy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with PA-IVS provided that there is a patent infundibulum and a lack of a right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation. Despite the observation that right heart growth does not increase with body growth in early follow-up, it appears adequate to maintain a biventricular circulation in many patients.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia with Gilbert's syndrome
Authors: Guo-Pan Yu, Qian-Li Jiang, Zhi-Ping Fan, Jie Zhao, Qi Wei, Jing Sun, Fan-Yi Meng, Qi-Fa Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2011)

Abstract Acute leukemia with coexisting Gilbert's syndrome treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is rarely reported. Here we described a case whose transaminase levels were almost normal, although transient hyperbilirubinemia repeatedly happened during chemotherapy.
Christian Science Church Loses First Civil Suit on Wrongful Death of a Child
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN THE FIRST verdict of its kind, a Minnesota jury on August 25 ordered the Christian Science church to pay $9 million in punitive damages for the death of a boy whose mother and stepfather withheld medical care in favor of Christian Science prayer. The boy, Ian Lundman, 11 years of age, died in 1989 of dehydration and ketoacidosis resulting from medically untreated diabetes. The Christian Science church instructs its followers to shun most medical care for themselves and their children and to rely on prayer instead, which it claims is more effective than medicine (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1379-1381). The Hennepin County jury's verdict came just a week after it awarded the boy's biological father, Douglas G. Lundman, and sister $5.2 million in compensatory damages for the wrongful death of the child. The jury found that the boy's mother and stepfather, Kathleen and William McKown, who are Christian Scientists; the First Church
Novel type of proliferating lymphoplasmacytoid cell with a characteristic spotted immunofluorescence pattern.
Authors: H M Lokhorst, S E Boom, B J Bast, P J Peters, T F Tedder, J Gerdes, E Petersen, R E Ballieux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined bone marrow from myeloma patients for the presence of cells with the characteristics of the clonogenic cell in the myeloma stem cell assay. We identified a novel type of cell that contained cytoplasmic immunoglobulin of the relevant idiotype located in a cytoplasmic spot. This "spotted" Ig could be located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Spotted cells are highly proliferative, as evidenced by the nuclear staining with the antibody Ki67, and were found in the bone marrow from most of the myeloma patients studied. This type of cell was also present in patients with immunocytomas, in some cases of benign monoclonal gammopathy, and in patients in the state of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. IgG subclass distribution of so-called spotted cells and plasma cells, found in a patient with pseudo biclonal gammopathy, indicates that spotted cells are intermediate between B cells and plasma cells. Spotted cells express the B cell-associated antigens HB4 and HB6 but do not express other B cluster of differentiation antigens or plasmacytoid antigens tested.
Macroaggregated Albumin Injected in Hepatic Artery Visualized in a Recanalized Paraumbilical Vein
Authors: Amit Gupta, Abraham Levitin, Sankaran Shrikanthan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Treating liver tumors with yttrium-90 radioembolization is a relatively new method. Before performing radioembolization, we inject Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in hepatic artery and calculate hepatopulmonary shunting of blood using planar imaging; and analyze MAA distribution using SPECT/CT. We present an interesting finding where SPECT/CT images revealed activity associated with a linear structure just beneath the right anterior abdominal wall. Triphasic CT images obtained few days ago revealed that the linear structure was recanalized paraumbilical vein. To our knowledge, this is the first case demonstrating portosystemic shunt in the form of a recanalized paraumbilical vein on Tc-99m MAA pretherapy scan.