tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined use of time and frequency domain variables in signal-averaged ECG as a predictor of inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in myocardial infarction.
Authors: A Nogami, Y Iesaka, J Akiyama, A Takahashi, J Nitta, Y Chun, K Aonuma, M Hiroe, F Marumo, M Hiraoka
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Time and frequency domain analyses of signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) have several individual limitations, and the results of the two methods sometimes vary considerably. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combined use of time and frequency domain variables facilitates identification of patients who will have ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced during programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). METHODS AND RESULTS Nine myocardial infarction (MI) patients with clinically documented sustained monomorphic VT (SMVT), 40 MI patients without clinical VT, and 30 normal healthy control subjects were evaluated. PVS using three extrastimuli and SAECG recording were performed in the MI patients on day 36 +/- 4 after infarction. Of 40 MI patients, SMVT was inducible in 14, sustained polymorphic VT in three, nonsustained monomorphic VT in three, nonsustained polymorphic VT in two, and no inducible arrhythmia was obtained in 18. There were significant differences between MI patients with inducible SMVT and without inducible SMVT in the following SAECG variables: filtered QRS durations (high-pass filter setting, 25, 40, and 80 Hz); low-amplitude signal durations (LAS) under 10, 20, 30, and 40 microV (high-pass filter setting, 40 and 80 Hz); root-mean-square voltages (RMS) of the terminal 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 msec (high-pass filter setting, 40 and 80 Hz); area ratio (area 20-50 Hz/area 0-20 Hz x 10(5)) of a 120-msec sampling interval starting 20 msec before QRS offset; factor of normality on lead X; and minimum value of the variables on lead X, Y, or Z. Stepwise logistic regression analysis selected only LAS under 30 microV (high-pass filter setting, 80 Hz) and area ratio as independent predictors of inducible SMVT. With these two variables, the predicted probability of inducible SMVT [p(VT)] was expressed as p(VT) = 1/[1+exp (6.2-0.11 LAS-0.01 area ratio)]. This function had 93% sensitivity, 81% specificity, 72% positive predictive value, 95% negative predictive value, and 85% predictive accuracy with greater than or equal to 0.3 as the criterion of a positive test. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of time and frequency domain analysis of SAECG can enhance the accuracy of this technique as a screening test for results of PVS in MI patients without clinical VT.
Epicardial Ablation of Rotors Suppresses Inducibility of Acetylcholine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Left Pulmonary Vein–Left Atrium Preparations in a Beagle Heart Failure Model
Authors: Chung-Chuan Chou, Po-Cheng Chang, Ming-Shien Wen, Hui-Ling Lee, Tse-Ching Chen, San-Jou Yeh, Delon Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Previous Cytomegalovirus Infection and Risk of Coronary Thrombotic Events After Stent Placement
Authors: Franz-Josef Neumann, Adnan Kastrati, Thomas Miethke, Gisela Pogatsa-Murray, Melchior Seyfarth, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces upregulation of tissue factor and loss of anticoagulants, including thrombomodulin, prostacyclin, and tissue plasminogen activator. CMV infection may thereby increase the procoagulant properties of coronary artery plaques. This prospective study investigated the effect of previous CMV infection on the early hazard of coronary stent placement.In 551 consecutive patients with successful coronary stent placement, we determined CMV IgG titers. The end point was the composite rate of death, nonfatal Q-wave myocardial infarction, and urgent reintervention during 30-day follow-up. The study population represented the entire spectrum of coronary stenting; an acute coronary syndrome was present in 50% of the patients. A positive CMV IgG titer (>/=1/230) was found in 340 patients (62%). Of these, 10 reached the end point during 30-day follow-up (2 deaths, 4 infarctions, 4 urgent reinterventions). In the group with negative CMV titer, thrombotic events did not occur (P=0.014 versus group with positive CMV titers). After correction for pertinent covariables, a significant relation between positive CMV titer and the 30-day end point prevailed (P<0.001).Previous CMV infection may increase the risk of coronary thrombotic events after stent placement.
T lymphocyte recruitment by interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8-induced degranulation of neutrophils releases potent chemoattractants for human T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: D D Taub, M Anver, J J Oppenheim, D L Longo, W J Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

IL-8 has been shown to be a human neutrophil and T cell chemoattractant in vitro. In an effort to assess the in vivo effects of IL-8 on human leukocyte migration, we examined the ability of rhIL-8 to induce human T cell infiltration using a human/mouse model in which SCID mice were administered human peripheral blood lymphocytes intraperitoneally, followed by subcutaneous injections of rhIL-8. rhIL-8 induced predominantly murine neutrophil accumulation by 4 h after administration while recombinant human macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (rhMIP-1beta) induced both murine monocytes and human T cell infiltration during the same time period as determined by immunohistology. Interestingly, 72 h after chemokine administration, a marked human T cell infiltrate was observed in the IL-8 injection site suggesting that rhIL-8 may be acting indirectly possibly through a murine neutrophil-derived T cell chemoattractant. This hypothesis was confirmed using granulocyte-depleted SCID mice. Moreover, human neutrophils stimulated in vitro with IL-8 were found to release granule-derived factor(s) that induce in vitro T cell and monocyte chemotaxis and chemokinesis. This T cell and monocyte chemotactic activity was detected in extracts of both azurophilic and specific granules. Together, these results demonstrate that neutrophils store and release, upon stimulation with IL-8 or other neutrophil activators, chemoattractants that mediate T cell and monocyte accumulation at sites of inflammation.
Polymorphisms of the Human Platelet Alloantigens-1 in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Ischemic Stroke in Turkish Population
Authors: Atilla İçli, Nilgün Erten, Recep Sütçü, Fatih Aksoy, Habil Yücel, Akif Arslan, Özkan Görgülü, Bayram Ali Uysal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Continuous Quality Improvement
Authors: Andrew L. Kosseff
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Kritchevsky and Simmons<sup>1</sup>presented a clear and informative review of the principles of continuous quality improvement in a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>. For years, hospital quality assurance programs have invested significant monetary and human resources in studying variation in clinical systems. We have, however, been myopic and wasteful in the interpretation of these data. Our focus has been to identify the poor performers and command them to improve—often without providing the information to allow them to escape the lower end of the bell curve. Sometimes we condemn without knowing whether the problem is truly a systemic or an extrasystemic cause of poor quality. Continuous quality improvement provides an innovative approach to the study of the variation in clinical systems. First, by using defined statistical methods, systemic and extrasystemic causes of poor quality can be clearly separated, thereby providing the best direction for improving a particular
The Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning Simplified
Authors: George A. Porter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Ethylene glycol is an infrequent but important cause of toxin-induced acute renal failure. Early detection is crucial so that appropriate therapy can be begun to ameliorate the profound metabolic acidosis of early toxicity and prevent the late complications of renal failure, central nervous system injury, respiratory depression, and cardiovascular collapse. Contemporary treatment of ethylene glycol intoxication has derived from our understanding of the pathophysiologic action of the toxin. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the degradation of ethylene glycol to glycolic acid. Glycolic acid contributes to the severe anion-gap metabolic acidosis common at presentation and is a metabolic intermediate for the subsequent formation . . .
Verapamil, propranolol, and hydralazine protect against the acute cardiac depression induced by adriamycin
Authors: J. WIKMAN-COFFELT, M. RAPCSAK, R. SIEVERS, J. L. ROULEAU, W. W PARMLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The apex ejecting isolated rat heart perfused with media containing 3 X 10(-5) mol . litre-1 adriamycin for 40 min demonstrated the following changes in contraction patterns: (a) a ten-fold increase in end-diastolic pressure; (b) a 45% decrease in developed pressure; (c) a 17% decrease in coronary flow; (d) a 27% increase in time to peak pressure; (e) a 26% increase in time for pressure to fall 50% during relaxation; and (f) a 65% decrease in maximum (+) and (-) dP/dt. In rats pretreated 1 h before death, verapamil, propranolol, and hydralazine significantly attenuated the cardiac depression produced by adriamycin. The combinations of verapamil and hydralazine, or propranolol and hydralazine were especially efficacious. Particularly striking was the protection afforded against an increase in diastolic pressure. Digoxin pretreatment afforded no protection. It is postulated that the acute depressive effects of adriamycin may be related to calcium overload.
Bicarbonate Therapy in Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: CATARINA KIEFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

ExcerptTo the editor: Morris and associates' (1) study of bicarbonate therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis contributes important evidence against using bicarbonate. However, we cannot agree that the authors have established that "administration of bicarbonate does not affect recovery outcome variables as compared with those in a control group."Although the hypothesis of the lack of effect of bicarbonate treatment is consistent with their results and may be true, they have not proved this hypothesis. They may be committing a type-II error with their assertion of no effect (2). In fact, their study suggests a deleterious effect of bicarbonate, with insufficient power...
Plumber's knee: calcinosis cutis after repeated minor trauma in a plumber.
Authors: I O Ellis, M C Foster, C Womack
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Un homme de 54 ans, plombier, presente des tumefactions superficielles, augmentant de volume, sous les genoux. L'exploration chirurgicale montre une lesion mal delimitee contenant des nodules crayeux. Histologiquement il s'agit de calcinose. Dans son travail le plombier utilise souvent le genou comme point d'appui pour couder des tuyaux
The Growing Conundrum
Authors: Barry B. Bercu
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In this issue of The Journal, Cuttler et al<sup>1</sup>address the appropriateness of growth hormone (GH) therapy in short-statured children who are not GH deficient (non-GHD children). In a national postal survey of US pediatric endocrinologists (US members of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society), they evaluated the clinical practice of GH treatment of short stature. The study indicates that many pediatric endocrinologists prescribe GH for short stature conditions outside current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications with precribing patterns driven by factors other than results of controlled trials, including family preferences, cost, and physician perception of the value of height and GH treatment. See also p 531. Pituitary-derived cadaveric GH has been used for the treatment of GH deficiency since 1958. Recombinant GH became available in 1985, allowing for an unlimited supply of somatotropin, and consideration of uses for other indications. In the United States, FDA-approved indications
The Myth of Mental Illness
Authors: Jurgen Ruesch
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Sharp-witted, knowledgeable, and intellectual, Dr. Szasz launches a blistering attack upon the words and concepts that psychiatrists use. He describes his first task as the presentation of "an essentially 'destructive' analysis of the concept of mental illness and of psychiatry as a pseudomedical enterprise." His second task he describes as "to offer a 'constructive' synthesis of the knowledge which I have found useful for filling the gap left by the myth of mental illness." Unfortunately, it is not quite clear to whom this book is addressed. Mental illness is not a myth to those who have experienced it. It can only be a myth for those with inadequate experience and understanding. This presumably is the audience for whom the volume is written. Dr. Szasz's contention that the myth of mental illness should be abandoned is more appropriate for the psychoneuroses and personality disorders. It is unfortunate that he has not
The effect of matrix composition of 3D constructs on embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Sabrina Battista, Daniela Guarnieri, Cristina Borselli, Stefania Zeppetelli, Assunta Borzacchiello, Laura Mayol, Diego Gerbasio, Douglas R. Keene, Luigi Ambrosio, Paolo A. Netti
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Total Rehabilitation in Heart Disease
Authors: Louis B. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Most patients with heart disorders can be rehabilitated back to useful, productive living. Physical medicine and rehabilitation activities integrated with the medical program result in improved mental and physical performance, alleviate anxiety and frustration, and eliminate other psychological complications. The total rehabilitative program must be medically directed and supervised, for the over-all medical status of the patient governs the type, amount, and timing of rehabilitative procedures. Patients who cannot return to their former employment need vocational rehabilitation. Periodic reviews of medical status and occupational environment are essential.
Mitral Valve Area Influences the Impact of Atrial Fibrillation onto Quality of Life among Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Mehmet Birhan YILMAZ, Güllü Amioğlu, Okan Onur Turgut, Nuryıl Yılmaz, İzzet Tandoğan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Detection of tissue abnormalities in normal mucosa surrounding colorectal cancer using an endocytoscopy system
Authors: E. Meroni, B. Gatteschi, A. Fasoli, F. Munizzi, F. Frascio, V. Pugliese, M. Truini
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The endocytoscopy system is a novel diagnostic technique that provides extremely high-magnification imaging of the gastrointestinal mucosa. We are currently using a prototype Olympus endocytoscope for clinical research in gastrointestinal tumors. In one surgical specimen obtained after resection of a cancer of the transverse colon, focal abnormalities of colonic glands were detected 7 cm away from the primary tumor, within macroscopically normal mucosa. Our finding, which was confirmed by histopathological examination, suggests the need for further clinical investigation to assess whether endocytoscopy is able to identify premalignant changes in apparently normal mucosa. This could potentially be useful for accurate evaluation before planning minimally invasive therapy.
CXCR3-mediated opposite effects of CXCL10 and CXCL4 on T1 or T2 cytokine production
Authors: P ROMAGNANI, L MAGGI, B MAZZINGHI, L COSMI, L LASAGNI, F LIOTTA, E LAZZERI, R ANGELI, M ROTONDI, L FILI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Exploiting Sex for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Jeffrey A. Gelfand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Sex is a fundamental life force and may have profound effects on our behavior. It has become increasingly clear that both sex and sex hormones may modulate and alter disease in subtle yet very important ways. Sex is used by advertisers to influence our choice of automobiles and jeans; sex hormones may be used to alter the expression of our genes.According to two reports in this issue of the Journal, the impeded androgenic hormone danazol has been successfully used in the therapy of two diseases that were not previously thought to be affected by sex hormones. These two . . .
Pharmaceutical trials in general practice: the first 100 protocols. An audit by the clinical research ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners
Authors: P. Wise, M. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the outcome of 100 general practice based, multicentre research projects submitted to the ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners by pharmaceutical companies or their agents between 1984 and 1989. <b>Design</b>: Analysis of consecutive submitted protocols for stated objectives, study design, and outcomes; detailed review of committee minutes and correspondence in relation to amendment and approval; assessment of final reports submitted at conclusion of studies. <b>Subjects</b>: 82 finally approved protocols, embracing 34 523 proposed trial subjects and 1195 proposed general practice investigators. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Success at enrolling subjects and investigators; commencement and completion data; validity of final report9s assessment of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and acceptability; and method of use and dissemination of findings. <b>Results</b>: 18 studies were not approved and 45 had to be amended. Randomised controlled trials comprised 46 of the original submissions. Remuneration considerations, inadequate information or consent sheets, pregnancy safety, the need to discontinue existing therapy, and suboptimal scientific content were major reasons for rejecting studies or asking for amendments. Of the 82 approved studies 8 were not started. Shortfalls of investigators (of 39%) and trial subjects (of 37%) and an overall 23% withdrawal rate were responsible for a significant incidence of inconclusive results. Within the six year follow up interval, only 19 of the studies had been formally published. <b>Conclusions</b>: This audit identified substantial ethical concerns in the process of approving multicentre general practice pharmaceutical research. <h3>Key messages</h3> A common feature of this audit was a shortfall of investigators and trial subjects. This needs to be anticipated by those planning multicentre trials, to avoid the risk of inconclusive results. Given that the level of scientific advance resulting from such research is not high, greater regard is required for patient welfare in terms of information provision and suspension of existing therapy. Rigorously prepared and observed committee guidelines are likely to improve the quality of research protocols and reduce amendment and non-approval rates. Randomised controlled trials using comparator drugs should form the basis of multicentre general practice pharmaceutical research, which in turn should result in higher publication rates.
THE UNCONTROLLABLE CAUSES OF DEATH IN DIABETIC COMA
Authors: HERMAN LANDE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The vital statistics of New York City show that the standardized death rate of diabetes has risen from 17.3 per hundred thousand in 1901 to 27.9 per hundred thousand in 1931. The introduction of insulin in 1923 was accompanied by a slight recession in mortality which has since been entirely lost. The beneficial effect of insulin has been manifested only in the lower age periods up to 35 years. From 35 to 44 years the curve has flattened out and above that age the diabetic death rate, particularly in women, has sharply risen. The cause of this increasing mortality despite the use of insulin is today the subject of widespread investigation from which no definite conclusions can as yet be drawn. I have therefore undertaken an analysis of the cases of diabetic coma in the adult wards of the Mount Sinai Hospital for the insulin period 1923-1933 in the hope
Help with Book on Faith
Authors: CLAUDE A. FRAZIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

ExcerptTo the editor: I am editing a book on renowned and notable physicians and their faith. I am interested in obtaining contributors who have a special knowledge of the faith, religion, or both, of one or more notable and outstanding physicians. Although I am considering such physicians as Sir William Osler and Sir William Fleming, the notable physicians could still be alive.Anyone interested in this project or who would like to suggest renowned physicians may contact me....
Thrombolysis for Stroke
Authors: Martin M. Pincus
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The optimistic Editorial<sup>1</sup>on thrombolysis in stroke emphasizes the need for rapid intervention: "time is brain." Two recent trials of thrombolytics have suggested a benefit for patients treated within 3 hours of stroke onset, while no benefit was found in trials in which treatment was instituted after 3 hours.<sup>1-4</sup>On the basis of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial,<sup>4</sup>the Food and Drug Administration has approved tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) to be labeled for use in stroke if used within 3 hours.<sup>3</sup>But does this 3-hour criterion, relying exclusively on patients' or family members' recollections, delineate a well-defined group of patients? Some patients ignore minor symptoms; others are acutely aware of new symptoms. In either case, how trustworthy is the sense of time under the emotional circumstances associated with an acute illness and being rushed to an emergency department?
Epigenomic plasticity enables human pancreatic α to β cell reprogramming
Authors: Nuria C. Bramswig, Logan J. Everett, Jonathan Schug, Craig Dorrell, Chengyang Liu, Yanping Luo, Philip R. Streeter, Ali Naji, Markus Grompe, Klaus H. Kaestner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Insulin-secreting β cells and glucagon-secreting α cells maintain physiological blood glucose levels, and their malfunction drives diabetes development. Using ChIP sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis, we determined the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape of human pancreatic α, β, and exocrine cells. We found that, compared with exocrine and β cells, differentiated α cells exhibited many more genes bivalently marked by the activating H3K4me3 and repressing H3K27me3 histone modifications. This was particularly true for β cell signature genes involved in transcriptional regulation. Remarkably, thousands of these genes were in a monovalent state in β cells, carrying only the activating or repressing mark. Our epigenomic findings suggested that α to β cell reprogramming could be promoted by manipulating the histone methylation signature of human pancreatic islets. Indeed, we show that treatment of cultured pancreatic islets with a histone methyltransferase inhibitor leads to colocalization of both glucagon and insulin and glucagon and insulin promoter factor 1 (PDX1) in human islets and colocalization of both glucagon and insulin in mouse islets. Thus, mammalian pancreatic islet cells display cell-type-specific epigenomic plasticity, suggesting that epigenomic manipulation could provide a path to cell reprogramming and novel cell replacement-based therapies for diabetes.