tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Hepatitis B Through the Use of Vaccine
Authors: JAMES E. MAYNARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 September 1982Prevention of Hepatitis B Through the Use of VaccineJAMES E. MAYNARD, M.D., PH.D.JAMES E. MAYNARD, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-442 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHepatitis B is a disease of global distribution. Before the development of sensitive laboratory diagnostic techniques, diagnosis was limited to cases occurring after blood transfusion or receipt of products containing blood components, which caused a massive underestimation of the worldwide prevalence of disease. It is now clear that the infection is widespread and that most illness is transmitted by means other than blood transfusion or blood product administration. Continued transmission of hepatitis in humans is assured by the existence of a large reservoir of persistent human carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), estimated on a worldwide basis to number over...References1. SZMUNESSSTEVENSHARLEY WCE. Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:833-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SZMUNESSSTEVENSZANGHARLEYKELLNER WCEEA. A controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of hepatits B vaccine (Heptavax B): a final report. Hepatology. 1981;1:377-85. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Inactivated hepatitis B virus vaccine. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep. 1982;31:318-28. (Reprinted in this issue, pages 379-83) Google Scholar4. FRANCISHADLERTHOMPSON DSS. The prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine: report of the Centers for Disease Control multi-center efficacy trial among homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:362-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Phoenix, Arizona PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHepatitis B virus infection among health care workers at an urban teaching hospital in southern Italy: A low occupational hazard?Immunizing the adultLow risk of hepatitis B from blood transfusions in thalassemic patients in ConnecticutHepatitis B in Wisconsin male prisoners: considerations for serologic screening and vaccination.Hepatitis B reservoirs and attack rates in an Australian community: A basis for vaccination and crossinfection policiesRenal Replacement Therapy Utilizing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal DialysisThe new hepatitis B vaccineHepatitis B Markers Among Michigan PrisonersMATTHEW L. KAUFMAN, M.D., KENNETH L. FAIVER, M.P.H., JAY K. HARNESS, M.D. 1 September 1982Volume 97, Issue 3Page: 442-444KeywordsBlood transfusionDiagnostic techniquesHepatitis A virusHepatitis BHepatitis B virusResearch laboratoriesVaccines Issue Published: 1 September 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Shipboard Medicine on Package Cruises
Authors: J. W. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Cheap package cruises have become very popular in Great Britain, but the ships used for these cruises are often not suitable for elderly, handicapped, and mentally unfit people. The cruises run to very tight schedules with many strenuous shore excursions, and do not necessarily constitute restful holidays at sea. Many passengers who embark on these cruises are suffering from pre-existing diseases, which may become exacerbated during the voyage. Such patients should be forewarned and should be equipped by their doctors with a covering letter giving full details of their medical condition and its treatment.
Breast cancer experience in Uruguay: A 21-year follow up of 1,906 patients in the same institution
Authors: G. D. Krygier, E. Barrios, S. Cataldi, A. Vazquez, R. Alonso, F. Estellano, E. Folle, R. Laviña, F. Delgado, C. Pressa, T. Vazquez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21163 Background: Breast cancer is the most common tumor arising in Uruguaian women accounting for 1,930 patients/year (adjusted incidence ratio 83.1/100,000) with 637 death/year (adjusted mortality ratio 24.1/100,000). Both incidence and mortality rank Uruguay at the top of the latinamerican countries ( IARC-GloboCan 2002). We are presenting our final results with 1,906 patients followed during a 21 year period in the biggest private Institution in our country (CENDIMA) and probably amongst all other latin-american countries. Methods: Although this study was initially designed to find a relationship between prognostic factors and survival parameters: OS (overall survival) and DFS (disease free survival) it also describes the epidemiological features of a big breast cancer population in the top ranked country for breast cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America. Statistical analysis was calculated with SPSS (11.0 version) and SAS (6.0 version) programs. OS and DFS results were obtained through Kaplan Meier method. Log rank test was implemented for univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard rates were used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61.0 (SD 13.5). Ductal infiltrating carcinoma (DIC) accounted for more than 80% of patients and 56% were node negative (N0) patients at diagnosis. Stratification was: Stage 0: 8.6%, Stage I: 31.5%, Stage II: 41.8%, Stage III: 16.6%, Stage IV: 1.5%. For OS, the axillary status and hystologic grade showed the highest relative ratio (RR) value: 2.49 and 2.40. The nodal status was the main prognostic factor related to DFS with a 2.2 RR. The five and ten year survival rate was: 0.96 and 0.92 (stage I), 0.84 and 0.71 (stage II), 0.71 and 0.56 (stage III) and 0.39 and 0.29 (stage IV) respectively. Conclusions: This is the final analysis of our population in Uruguay representing the biggest report in breast pathology in a latin-american country with a long follow up period (more than 20 years). Our “good” survival results may reflect the initially low risk population at diagnosis (56% node negative, 40.1% stage 0-I ). Nodal status, histologic grade and staging at diagnosis were independent prognostic factors in univariate and multivariate analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prevalence of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Exposed to Both Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Vincent Koppelmans, Meike W. Vernooij, Willem Boogerd, Caroline Seynaeve, M. Arfan Ikram, Monique M.B. Breteler, Sanne B. Schagen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for breast cancer have been related to transient ischemic attacks and stroke. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between these adjuvant therapies and subclinical cerebral small-vessel disease in survivors of breast cancer. We compared white matter lesion (WML) volume and prevalence of brain infarctions and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) between breast cancer survivors exposed to adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (aRCeBCSs) for primary disease and a population-based reference group.Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T) was performed in 187 aRCeBCSs who received primary breast cancer treatment on average more than 20 years before this study and 374 age-matched reference women without a history of cancer. WML volume was segmented using fully automated software. Experienced raters reviewed all scans for cortical infarctions, lacunar infarctions, strictly lobar CMBs, and deep/infratentorial CMBs with or without lobar CMBs. Within the aRCeBCS group, we also analyzed the association between relative radiotherapy exposure to the carotid artery and prevalence of WML volume and CMBs.The aRCeBCS group had a higher prevalence of both total CMBs and CMBs in a deep/infratentorial region than the reference group. No between-group differences were observed in the prevalence of infarctions or WML volume. Exposure of the carotid artery to radiation was not associated with WML volume or CMBs.More CMBs were found in the aRCeBCS group than in the population-based controls. These vascular lesions potentially mark cerebrovascular frailty that could partially explain the well-documented association between chemotherapy and cognitive dysfunction. No support was found for a radiotherapy-related origin of CMBs.
Abstract P3-07-08: Recent trends in the characteristics of patients with distant stage breast cancer in the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Stage Disease (SEER) program
Authors: J Li, T Dalvi, M Pawaskar, K Tsai, H Caspard, J Fryzek
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objectives. Even though advances in screening and contemporary diagnostic techniques have led to earlier detection, a proportion of breast cancer patients are still diagnosed with distant stage disease. The objective of this research was to describe the changing demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with distant stage breast cancer. Methods. We identified women aged 20 years or older who were diagnosed with distant stage primary breast cancer between 1995 and 2009 with non-missing hormone receptor (HR) status in the SEER 18 Registry (1973–2009) database. As staging systems changed across the years of the study, we opted to use the SEER historic stage in our analyses. Trends in demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated by time period of diagnosis (1995–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009) and HR status (HR+ includes ER+/PR+, ER+/PR- and ER−/PR+; HR− includes ER−/PR− only). Statistically significant changes were examined using the Cochran Armitage test. Results. A total of 30,161 women with distant stage breast cancer were identified. Over the 15 years, the incidence rate (IR) of distant stage disease was stable (10.6 to 10.9 per 100,000 pys), as well as the proportion of HR+ cases (68%). Age did not vary significantly over time; 55% of the HR+ cases and 45% of the HR- cases were 60 years or older. The proportion of Black and Hispanic patients increased significantly over time (18 to 24% for HR+; 24 to 33% for HR−) -as did the proportion of patients diagnosed with grades I and II cancers (44 to 54% for HR+; and 16 to 20% for HR−). The proportion of ductal histologic diagnoses was stable over time, at 77% among HR+ cases and 93% among HR- cases in 2005–2009. Cancer-directed surgeries (from 63 to 47% for HR+; 72 to 56% for HR−) and radiation therapies (43 to 37% for HR+; 42 to 38% for HR−) became less common over the time. Information on chemotherapy/systemic therapies is unavailable in this dataset. Conclusions. Although, incidence rate of distant stage breast cancer was stable over a time, there was a higher proportion of diagnosis of grade I/II stage cancer cases potentially due to earlier cancer detections by screening programs. The growing proportion of minorities suggested that screening programs be adjusted to the changing demographics in the United States. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-08.
INTERLEUKIN-33 IS EXPRESSED IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC TISSUE AND INCREASES PRO-INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BUT NOT IN SMOOTH MUSCLE AND CARDIAC CELLS.
Authors: Svitlana Demyanets, Christoph Kaun, Stefan Pfaffenberger, Kathrin Rychli, Igor Huk, Gerald Maurer, Kurt Huber, Johann Wojta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Medicine in Art
Authors: Helen Bynum
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE USE OF THE TREPHINE IN CHRONIC PLEURITIS.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

The treatment of chronic pleuritis with suppuration was very unsatisfactory, and the patients generally died with exhaustion which was termed consumption, until modern surgery offered means of relief. For many years after surgeons ventured to perform para centicis thoracis for the relief of this class of cases, it was considered absolutely necessary that no air be allowed to enter the pleural cavity, and the ingenuity of the profession was taxed to devise instruments which would entirely exclude this agent. And even after bolder operations were undertaken it was deemed unadvisable to allow air to enter the opening. It is now known that the entrance of air into the pleural cavity mav be attended by no unpleasant results. The operation which it is the object of this article to describe, has been slowly developed during the last quarter of a century. All the cases recorded, as far as I am aware,
P3-14-19: Impact of Chemotherapy-Induced Amenorrhea on Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.
Authors: SK Ahn, HG Moon, JS Kim, JM You, HC Shin, W Han, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Although chemotherapy and ovarian ablation independently improve the outcome of breast cancer, there is controversy about the benefit of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) in breast cancer. We investigated impact of CIA on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 198 premenopausal patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2010. Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) was defined as serum FSH level ≥40 IU/L after completion of all scheduled neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prior to definitive surgery. RESULTS: Among 198 breast cancer patients, 132 pts (66.7%) developed CIA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 156 pts (78%) underwent DA chemotherapy. The age of CIA patients was older than non-CIA patients (41.55±5.55 years vs. 38.27 ± 6.86 years, p=0.001). The incidence of CIA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher in responder group (responder vs. nonresponder: 87 pts (74.4%) vs. 45 pts (55.6%); p=0.006). Additionally, FSH level after all scheduled neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher in responder group (FSH 56.41±32.41 IU/L vs. 45.76±30.31 IU/L; p=0.021). In univariate analysis, CIA (p=0.006) and total number of chemotherapy cycle regardless of chemotherapy regimen (p=0.04) were significantly associated with tumor response. CIA was only independent factor for tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy on multivariate analysis (p=0.012). CONCLUSION: CIA after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-19.
Eligibility Criteria of Randomized Controlled Trials Published in High-Impact General Medical Journals
Authors: Harriette G. C. Van Spall, Andrew Toren, Alex Kiss, Robert A. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Selective eligibility criteria of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are vital to trial feasibility and internal validity. However, the exclusion of certain patient populations may lead to impaired generalizability of results.To determine the nature and extent of exclusion criteria among RCTs published in major medical journals and the contribution of exclusion criteria to the representation of certain patient populations.The MEDLINE database was searched for RCTs published between 1994 and 2006 in certain general medical journals with a high impact factor. Of 4827 articles, 283 were selected using a series technique.Trial characteristics and the details regarding exclusions were extracted independently. All exclusion criteria were graded independently and in duplicate as either strongly justified, potentially justified, or poorly justified according to previously developed and pilot-tested guidelines.Common medical conditions formed the basis for exclusion in 81.3% of trials. Patients were excluded due to age in 72.1% of all trials (60.1% in pediatric populations and 38.5% in older adults). Individuals receiving commonly prescribed medications were excluded in 54.1% of trials. Conditions related to female sex were grounds for exclusion in 39.2% of trials. Of all exclusion criteria, only 47.2% were graded as strongly justified in the context of the specific RCT. Exclusion criteria were not reported in 12.0% of trials. Multivariable analyses revealed independent associations between the total number of exclusion criteria and drug intervention trials (risk ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.65; P = .003) and between the total number of exclusion criteria and multicenter trials (risk ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.52; P = .009). Industry-sponsored trials were more likely to exclude individuals due to concomitant medication use, medical comorbidities, and age. Drug intervention trials were more likely to exclude individuals due to concomitant medication use, medical comorbidities, female sex, and socioeconomic status. Among such trials, justification for exclusions related to concomitant medication use and comorbidities were more likely to be poorly justified.The RCTs published in major medical journals do not always clearly report exclusion criteria. Women, children, the elderly, and those with common medical conditions are frequently excluded from RCTs. Trials with multiple centers and those involving drug interventions are most likely to have extensive exclusions. Such exclusions may impair the generalizability of RCT results. These findings highlight a need for careful consideration and transparent reporting and justification of exclusion criteria in clinical trials.
Clinical Utility of SPECT-(Low-Dose)CT Versus SPECT Alone in Patients Presenting for Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Benjamin L. Franc, Richard Myers, Thomas R. Pounds, George Bolton, Frederic Conte, Margo Bartheld, Angela J. Da Silva
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

This prospective study evaluated the contribution of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-(low-dose)CT (SPECT-ldCT) over SPECT alone in all-comers referred for bone scintigraphy for any indication.In this prospective study, imaging was performed on 100 consecutive patients who presented for bone scintigraphy using a combined SPECT-ldCT single-gantry system (Brightview XCT, Philips Medical Systems Inc., Cleveland, OH). SPECT images were reconstructed with (AC) and without (NAC) attenuation and scatter correction. SPECT (NAC), SPECT-ldCT (NAC), and SPECT-ldCT (AC) were reviewed independently and in a blinded manner. Reader interpretation of images was compared with the final clinical diagnosis.Subjects were referred for oncologic (28%) and nononcologic (72%) indications. Attenuation correction significantly improved perceived image quality (P = 0.012), but did not significantly alter diagnostic confidence (P = 0.96). Availability of ldCT data during interpretation of the SPECT images yielded a significant increase in the level of diagnostic confidence (P < 0.001). When the ldCT data were available, 18 of 200 bone SPECT reads recommended additional diagnostic CT imaging, compared with 70 when ldCT data were unavailable at the time of reading (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SPECT-ldCT (with or without attenuation and scatter correction) in the diagnosis of osseous processes were 90.9%, 85.9%, and 87.0%, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly from those obtained with SPECT alone.Bone SPECT-ldCT provides interpreting physicians a significantly greater level of diagnostic confidence and reduces additional diagnostic imaging studies, but the overall diagnostic accuracy of SPECT-ldCT was not affected when compared with SPECT alone, suggesting that SPECT-ldCT should be used on a patient-by-patient basis.
It is time to plan the tobacco endgame
Authors: R. Malone, P. McDaniel, E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> As splicing is intimately coupled with transcription, understanding splicing mechanisms requires an understanding of splicing timing, which is currently limited. Here, we developed CoLa-seq (co-transcriptional lariat sequencing), a genomic assay that reports splicing timing relative to transcription through analysis of nascent lariat intermediates. In human cells, we mapped 165,282 branch points and characterized splicing timing for over 70,000 introns. Splicing timing varies dramatically across introns, with regulated introns splicing later than constitutive introns. Machine learning-based modeling revealed genetic elements predictive of splicing timing, notably the polypyrimidine tract, intron length, and regional GC content, which illustrate the significance of the broader genomic context of an intron and the impact of co-transcriptional splicing. The importance of the splicing factor U2AF in early splicing rationalizes surprising observations that most introns can splice independent of exon definition. Together, these findings establish a critical framework for investigating the mechanisms and regulation of co-transcriptional splicing. <h3>Highlights</h3> CoLa-seq enables cell-type specific, genome-wide branch point annotation with unprecedented efficiency. CoLa-seq captures co-transcriptional splicing for tens of thousands of introns and reveals splicing timing varies dramatically across introns. Modeling uncovers key genetic determinants of splicing timing, most notably regional GC content, intron length, and the polypyrimidine tract, the binding site for U2AF2. Early splicing precedes transcription of a downstream 5' SS and in some cases accessibility of the upstream 3' SS, precluding exon definition.
Increased mitochondrial mass characterizes the survival defect of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Constantinos Petrovas, Yvonne M. Mueller, Ioannis D. Dimitriou, Susan R. Altork, Anupam Banerjee, Peter Sklar, Karam C. Mounzer, John D. Altman, Peter D. Katsikis
Journal: Blood (2006)
Office of Health Hazard Assessment: Summary Statement
Authors: Hans L. Falk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This office consists of six professionals and support personnel concerned with the evaluation of en- vironmental health hazards due mainly to chemical agents.An effort initiated earlier to pull together toxicologic information on organ systems and their diseases in humans with environmental or occupa- tional chemical exposures was continued.It re- ceived its impetus when the cause of the Legionaires' disease was suspected to be inadver- tent exposure to a chemical agent.Many difficulties have been encountered in carrying out this compilation, particularly the utilization of anecdotal reports on cause/effect relationships, suggesting that the compilation of data needed experimental proof of cause-effect relationships.
Expression profile of MUM1/IRF4, BCL-6, and CD138/syndecan-1 defines novel histogenetic subsets of human immunodeficiency virus–related lymphomas
Authors: Antonino Carbone, Annunziata Gloghini, Luigi M. Larocca, Daniela Capello, Francesco Pierconti, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Umberto Tirelli, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Gianluca Gaidano
Journal: Blood (2001)