tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5483: Targeted intracellular photodynamic therapy (TIP) reduces tumor mass and prolongs survival in a mouse model of cancer
Authors: Galia Luboshitz, Laptev Raisa, Rina Arad-Yellin, Bernard G. Green, Michael A. Firer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Targeted Intracellular Photodynamic Therapy (TIP) is a novel advance on traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) in which photosensitizer activation is afforded by chemiluminescence rather than by laser beam. This advance allows PDT access to target cells essentially anywhere in the body. TIP also has advantages over bioluminescence as there is no need for transfection of cells with enzymes such as luciferase. It can therefore be more easily applied both in vitro and in vivo and has potential as a new targeted cancer therapeutic modality that could be applied to a wide variety of cancers. We have previously described in vitro the efficacy and specificity of TIP toward murine leukemic cells (Brit. J. Cancer, 95; 189-196, 2006). We now report that TIP is effective in vivo using a murine model of cancer. To target the photosensitizer, Protoporphyrin IX was conjugated to Transferrin (Trnsf-PrP). Balb/c mice were injected subcutaneously with the mouse hybridomas U13.6 or U7.6, both of which overexpress the Transferrin receptor CD71. The use of Trnsf-PrP resulted in rapid uptake of photosensitizer into cells and conjugate was retained for over 48hrs. Animals were treated with TIP by injecting Trnsf-PrP and the chemiluminescent agent Luminol (LM) under reduced light conditions. Experiments were performed whereby different parameters of the system were varied, including: time of treatment initiation after tumor cell inoculation; dose and number of Trnsf-PrP and luminol treatments; and time intervals between treatments. Initial experiments in which TIP was performed at the time of tumor inoculation showed that this procedure completely abolished tumor growth. In subsequent experiments where tumors were palpable before treatment began, various treatment protocols were tested. TIP reduced tumor mass by over 40% and increased survival by 50%. These results demonstrate that TIP is active against cancer cells in vivo and encourages the further development of the modality as a targeted cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5483.
HBV superinfection in HCV chronic carriers: A disease that is frequently severe but associated with the eradication of HCV
Authors: Evangelista Sagnelli, Nicola Coppola, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Addolorata Masiello, Gilda Tonziello, Caterina Sagnelli, Vincenzo Messina, Pietro Filippini
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) superinfection in hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic carriers was evaluated in a long-term follow-up study on 29 chronic anti-HCV carriers with acute hepatitis B (AVH-B) (Case group BC) and 29 anti-HCV negative patients with AVH-B (Control group B), pair-matched for age (+/-5 years), sex, and risk factors for the acquisition of HBV infection. Patients in Case group BC and those in Control group B showed similar initial HBV viral load and a similar trend of becoming negative for HBV-DNA. AVH-B showed a severe course more frequently in Case group BC than in Control group B (34.5% versus 6.9%, P < 0.05). Of the 28 patients in Case group BC alive at the end of the acute illness (one death from liver failure), 24 were followed up for 2-6 years, median 5 years: 22 patients became HBsAg-negative and two progressed to HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis. HCV-RNA was undetectable in all patients during AVH-B; in the 24 patients with a long-term follow-up, HCV-RNA was detected in seven (29.2%) after 1 year, in 14 (58.3%) after 2 years, and in 18 (75%) after 3-6 years. The six patients who eradicated chronic HCV infection, compared with 18 showing reactivation of HCV replication, had higher values of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and a higher prevalence of cases with severe AVH-B (83.3% versus 22.2%, P < 0.05).Although it can be life-threatening, HBV superinfection in HCV chronic carriers may lead to clearance of chronic HCV infection, especially in patients with severe AVH-B.
DOES ADEQUATE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA (BA) CAN PREVENT THE EXCESS DECLINE OF PULMONARY FUNCTION OVER TIME AMONG ELITE ATHLETES?
Authors: M Dohi, S Nose, K Kamahara, K Watanabe, F Yamaswa, K Ohta, T Kawahara
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background It is known that the pulmonary function shows a decline over time. There is the potential for an increase of airway damage among athletes who have higher ventilation compared with normal population. This means that the athletes with BA are suffering the doubled risk of airway damage due to their chronic inflammation of asthma and hyperventilation by sport. Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate if higher ventilation over time causes airway damage among athletes and the adequate treatment for BA prevents unnecessary airway damage. Design A retrospective study. Setting Elite athletes, Olympic team. Main outcome measurement 88 athletes older than 18 years old who participated both Beijing (2008) and London (2012) Olympic Games and underwent spirometry were included in this study. Spirometry measurements of athletes were collected at the pre-competition medical assessment before Beijing and London Olympic Games. The change in the values of spirometry parameters over four years was compared with its predictive values to verify if sports affect athlete's pulmonary function. Athletes were categorized into 4 groups depending on past history, present illness and treatment history of BA. Results Athletes who had a past history of BA have a tendency for the worse value than the predictive value in FEV 1 (forced expiratory volume in one second). However the change of value over four years has not shown significant difference. The other hand, asthmatic athletes who have an adequate treatment have not shown a different value to predictive values and the value did not show any chorological change over four years. Conclusion The decline of pulmonary function over time was found in athletes. Our study suggests that exercise may not affect the aggravation of obstructive abnormality on asthmatic athletes with a proper treatment for BA.
GW25-e3231 Increased Admission CD14++CD16– Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Early Cardiovascular Events in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhou Xin, Shan Zeng, Wen-Jie Ji, Xin-Lin Liu, Zhao-Zeng Guo, Jun-Xiang Liu, Ji-Hong Zhao, Tie-Min Jiang, Yu-Ming Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fibrosis and disease progression in hepatitis C
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Tarik Asselah, Nathalie Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C determines the ultimate prognosis and thus the need and urgency of therapy. Fibrogenesis is a complex dynamic process, which is mediated by necroinflammation and activation of stellate cells. The liver biopsy remains the gold standard to assess fibrosis. Scoring systems allow a semiquantitative assessment and are useful for cross-sectional and cohort studies and in treatment trials. The rate at which fibrosis progresses varies markedly between patients. The major factors known to be associated with fibrosis progression are older age at infection, male gender, and excessive alcohol consumption. Viral load and genotype do not seem to influence significantly the progression rate. Progression of fibrosis is more rapid in immunocompromised patients. Hepatic steatosis, obesity, and diabetes may also contribute to more rapid progression of fibrosis. There are no tests that reliably predict the rate of progression of fibrosis in an individual patient. High serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are associated with a higher risk of fibrosis progression, and worsening of fibrosis is uncommon in patients with persistently normal serum aminotransferase levels. Serum markers for fibrosis are not reliable and need to be improved and validated. Liver biopsy provides the most accurate information on the stage of fibrosis and grade of necroinflammation, both of which have prognostic significance. Repeating the liver biopsy, 3 to 5 years after an initial biopsy is the most accurate means of assessing the progression of fibrosis.
Development of functional human blood and immune systems in NOD/SCID/IL2 receptor γ chainnull mice
Authors: Fumihiko Ishikawa, Masaki Yasukawa, Bonnie Lyons, Shuro Yoshida, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Goichi Yoshimoto, Takeshi Watanabe, Koichi Akashi, Leonard D. Shultz, Mine Harada
Journal: Blood (2005)
Pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Norman G. Levinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Despite several decades of effort, the pathophysiology of nonspecific† acute renal failure is still uncertain. Two major points of view have emerged. One emphasizes tubular necrosis, and the other vasoconstriction as the principal cause of renal failure. The purpose of this brief review is to analyze these concepts. Equal emphasis will be given to observations in animals and in man. The animal models have the advantage that extensive data are available from direct technics such as micropuncture. Although evidence from studies of patients is fragmentary and indirect, it is worth attention because of the uncertain relevance of animal models to . . .
Pten Positively Regulates Brown Adipose Function, Energy Expenditure, and Longevity
Authors: Ana Ortega-Molina, Alejo Efeyan, Elena Lopez-Guadamillas, Maribel Muñoz-Martin, Gonzalo Gómez-López, Marta Cañamero, Francisca Mulero, Joaquin Pastor, Sonia Martinez, Eduardo Romanos, M. Mar Gonzalez-Barroso, Eduardo Rial, Angela M. Valverde, James R. Bischoff, Manuel Serrano
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
A Study of Workers Exposed to Detergent Enzymes
Authors: Hans Weill
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Respiratory symptoms in detergent-industry workers have been associated with exposure to the dust of proteolytic enzymes derived from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. This study characterizes the clinical and physiologic features in affected workers and relates them to environmental exposure and skin test response to the enzyme extract. Sensitization was common. Less frequent were symptoms which typically included cough, wheezing, chest tightness, and dyspnea appearing several hours after leaving work. Airways obstruction was not accompanied by the constitutional, roentgenographic, or pulmonary function abnormalities usually associated with the alveolar inflammatory reactions encountered after exposure to some organic dusts. Symptomatic workers frequently had an atopic history and positive skin test and usually improved after reduction or elimination of exposure. Analysis of physiologic data in exposed groups suggests that chronic irreversible impairment of pulmonary function has not occurred.
Incidence of rhesus immunisation after genetic amniocentesis.
Authors: A Tabor, D Jerne, J E Bock
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Of 655 Rh negative women without anti-D antibody in their serum at genetic amniocentesis, 361 delivered a Rh positive infant. Prophylactic treatment with anti-D immunoglobulin was not given at amniocentesis. The women were followed prospectively, being given a screening test for antibody after amniocentesis, at delivery, and six months later. Five of these 361 women yielded a positive test result due to anti-D antibody. The immunisation rate after genetic amniocentesis was no higher than the spontaneous immunisation rate during pregnancy. Four women who had two amniocenteses in the same pregnancy and 34 women who had amniocentesis in two consecutive pregnancies with Rh positive fetuses were not immunised. Among six women with anti-D antibody in their serum before amniocentesis the titre of antibody increased in three. Amniocentesis may have worsened the outcome of these pregnancies. These results suggest that the risk of immunisation in Rh negative women is small.
Circulating methylarginine levels and the decline in renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease are modulated by DDAH1 polymorphisms
Authors: Ben Caplin, Dorothea Nitsch, Herpreet Gill, Richard Hoefield, Scott Blackwell, Douglas MacKenzie, Jackie A. Cooper, Rachel J. Middleton, Philippa J. Talmud, Peter Veitch, Jill Norman, David C. Wheeler, James M. Leiper
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Fracture of Lippes loop.
Authors: J R Lang
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Intramuscular Injection andCoagulation Defects Sit,-I read with interest the remarks of Dr. P. M. Jones (24 June, p. 770) on the danger of intramuscular injections in hae- mophiliacs.The danger also exists-and to a greater extent-in patients receiving anti- coagulant therapy, especally heparin.In haemophiliacs only one system of coagu- lation is disturbed-that is, the intrinsic-
Growth factor-induced therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the heart?gene therapy
Authors: J MARKKANEN, T RISSANEN, A KIVELA, S YLAHERTTUALA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Myocardial ischemia is one of the most promising targets of gene therapy. Although several growth factors and delivery approaches have yielded positive results in preclinical studies, first clinical studies have shown little or no real clinical benefit to the patients. It is likely that less than optimal gene therapy approaches have been used so far, and more thorough preclinical studies are needed in order to establish safe, efficient pro-angiogenic therapy. Growth factor, gene transfer vector, delivery method and target microenvironment need to be chosen based on the therapeutic target. It has become apparent that induction of large collateral arteries in the myocardium may need a different approach than rapid growth of neovasculature around infarction scar. Large animal models are necessary in the determination of optimal therapeutic agent, dose and clinically relevant delivery strategy.
Human cardiac potassium channel DNA polymorphism modulates access to drug-binding site and causes drug resistance
Authors: Benoit Drolet, Chantale Simard, Laura Mizoue, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Expression of voltage-gated K channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 5 (KCNA5) underlies the human atrial ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K current (I(Kur)). The KCNA5 polymorphism resulting in P532L in the C terminus generates I(Kur) that is indistinguishable from wild type at baseline but strikingly resistant to drug block. In the present study, truncating the C terminus of KCNA5 generated a channel with wild-type drug sensitivity, which indicated that P532 is not a drug-binding site. Secondary structure prediction algorithms identified a probable alpha-helix in P532L that is absent in wild-type channels. We therefore assessed drug sensitivity of I(Kur) generated in vitro in CHO and HEK cells by channels predicted to exhibit or lack this C-terminal alpha-helix. All constructs displayed near-identical I(Kur) in the absence of drug challenge. However, those predicted to lack the C-terminal alpha-helix generated quinidine-sensitive currents (43-51% block by 10 microM quinidine), while the currents generated by those constructs predicted to generate a C-terminal alpha-helix were inhibited less than 12%. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed an alpha-helical signature with peptides derived from drug-resistant channels and no organized structure in those associated with wild-type drug sensitivity. In conclusion, we found that this secondary structure in the KCNA5 C terminus, absent in wild-type channels but generated by a naturally occurring DNA polymorphism, does not alter baseline currents but renders the channel drug resistant. Our data support a model in which this structure impairs access of the drug to a pore-binding site.
Resin monomer-induced differential activation of MAP kinases and apoptosis in mouse macrophages and human pulp cells
Authors: Stephanie Krifka, Christine Petzel, Karl-Anton Hiller, Eva-Maria Frank, Claudia Bosl, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Franz-Xaver Reichl, Gottfried Schmalz, Helmut Schweikl
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Medical Resources After Nuclear War
Authors: Herbert L. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In defining capacity to "survive" a massive nuclear exchange, it is important to assess the medical resources that will be available in the post-nuclear war world. Approximately 80% of these resources--hospital beds and personnel, blood, drugs, and medical supplies--will have been destroyed, since they are located in or near the densely populated areas that constitute primary targets of attack. Casualty estimates published by federal agencies, together with data from the Hiroshima-Nagasaki experience, suggest the numbers and types of injuries that will afflict the US population. With a probable 48,000 surviving physicians to treat 32 million casualties, there will be one physician for every 663 patients. Of the trauma and burn victims, approximately 55% will require hospitalization; this will mean 64 patients for each available hospital bed. Data from recent wars have been utilized to determine the trauma-related blood requirements in the post-nuclear war world. Of the 64 million units of whole blood needed, only 14,000 will be available. Other medical resources will be in equally short supply. This disparity between need and availability indicates the difficulty of developing a meaningful medical response for the surviving injured.A quantitative analysis is presented of the likely impact of a massive nuclear attack on the U.S. in terms of (1) the numbers and types of casualties that would afflict the population and (2) the numbers and types of health personnel, hospital beds, blood and body fluids, and medical supplies that would be available to treat these casualties. A significant disparity between need and the availability of resources is calculated, suggesting the difficulty of developing a meaningful medical response to nuclear war.
Plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration in β‐thalassaemia patients
Authors: Athanasios Aessopos, Dimitrios Farmakis, Aikaterini Polonifi, Maria Tsironi, Christina Fragodimitri, Antonia Hatziliami, Markisia Karagiorga, Evanthia Diamanti‐Kandarakis
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
COPD and biomarkers: the search goes on
Authors: G. M Turino
Journal: Thorax (2008)

almost all be similarly categorised using the LLN or other criteria.The differences that we would find relate to the mild category.In the BOLD study, GOLD stage 1 was not included in the overall estimates, 9 although others have shown that people in this category have increased morbidity and mortality. 10 11While mild disease may be more ''treatable'' it may also be part of the spectrum of ''normal''.It may also be true that early evidence of disease may be more important as an indicator of non-respiratory disease, such as cardiovascular disease.Furthermore, in mild to moderate disease the recommended interventions are based on treating symptoms, whereas in severe to very severe disease they are based on both treating symptoms and preventing exacerbations.To answer the question posed in the title, I do not believe that the use of statistics and mathematical ''norms'' is the best way to diagnose and classify disease.If everybody fails, nobody passes (but the tests and the teaching need to be critically evaluated).I continue to believe that a disease classification scheme that is easy to remember (such as the fixed FEV 1 / FVC ratio) and to teach others remains useful.I also strongly believe that interventions need to be based on factors other than lung function, particularly in mild to moderate disease.I also support continuing to evaluate this problem by focusing on outcomes and not simply mathematical distributions of data in populations.
The Negative Radionuclide Venogram: An Indication for Conservative Therapy?
Authors: VICKIE L. WILLIAMS, WILLIAM L. HIGGINS, DAVID H. EPSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A retrospective study of 51 patients with a negative lower extremity radionuclide venogram and a 6-month follow-up was performed. None of the patients received anticoagulation. Fifty of the 51 patients had no subsequent symptoms nor signs suggesting undiagnosed deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary emboli. On reviewing the radionuclide venogram of the one patient who returned with persistent symptoms and signs of deep venous thrombosis, it was found that the initial radionuclide venogram was misinterpreted. These findings suggest that a negative radionuclide venogram, properly performed and interpreted, implies the absence of clinically significant deep venous thrombosis.
A History of American Neurology
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1982)

As editor of a major neurological journal and chairman of a university neurology department for many years, Dr DeJong is more than qualified to write this history of American clinical neurology. After a brief introduction to American medicine as it existed in the 18th and 19th centuries, DeJong examines the cofounders of American neurology, Silas Weir Mitchell and William A. Hammond. He describes the founding of the American Neurological Association in 1875 and the New York Neurological Institute in 1909. A separate chapter charts the development of medical publications related to diseases of the nervous system. The book concludes with the changes of the 20th century, including new societies, military neurology, and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. At least half the pages of the book are taken up by innumerable brief biographical statements consisting of a neurologist's name in bold print, his dates of birth and death in
US medical schools and teaching hospitals are still "struggling" financially
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Most US medical schools and academic medical centres have not made the systemic changes needed to maintain their financial health in the wake of the 2008 recession, says a report from the Association of American Medical Colleges. 

It says: “The near collapse of the US financial system in 2008 . . . did not spare the US healthcare system, including medical schools and teaching hospitals. Two years later, the media is still filled with reports about schools and hospitals that are struggling to survive.” 

One health system executive comments in the report: “Taking steps to protect the status quo ignores reality.”

The association represents all 133 accredited US and 17 Canadian medical schools, about …
The Role of 5α-Reductase Inhibition in Men Receiving Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Ugis Gruntmanis
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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