tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxicology in the Fast Lane: Application of High-Throughput Bioassays to Detect Modulation of Key Enzymes and Receptors
Authors: Christophe Morisseau, Oleg Merzlikin, Amy Lin, Guochun He, Wei Feng, Isela Padilla, Michael S. Denison, Isaac N. Pessah, Bruce D. Hammock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundLegislation at state, federal, and international levels is requiring rapid evaluation of the toxicity of numerous chemicals. Whole-animal toxicologic studies cannot yield the necessary throughput in a cost-effective fashion, leading to a critical need for a faster and more cost-effective toxicologic evaluation of xenobiotics.ObjectivesWe tested whether mechanistically based screening assays can rapidly provide information on the potential for compounds to affect key enzymes and receptor targets, thus identifying those compounds requiring further in-depth analysis.MethodsA library of 176 synthetic chemicals was prepared and examined in a high-throughput screening (HTS) manner using nine enzyme-based and five receptor-based bioassays.ResultsAll the assays have high Z′ values, indicating good discrimination among compounds in a reliable fashion, and thus are suitable for HTS assays. On average, three positive hits were obtained per assay. Although we identified compounds that were previously shown to inhibit a particular enzyme class or receptor, we surprisingly discovered that triclosan, a microbiocide present in personal care products, inhibits carboxylesterases and that dichlone, a fungicide, strongly inhibits the ryanodine receptors.ConclusionsConsidering the need to rapidly screen tens of thousands of anthropogenic compounds, our study shows the feasibility of using combined HTS assays as a novel approach toward obtaining toxicologic data on numerous biological end points. The HTS assay approach is very useful to quickly identify potentially hazardous compounds and to prioritize them for further in-depth studies.
Persistent Severe Hypercalcemia During Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: WILLIAM J. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Hypercalcemia appeared shortly after induction of hemodialysis in three patients in whom serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were not markedly elevated, whose serum alkaline phosphatase values were normal, and in whom skeletal surveys did not show hyperparathyroid bone disease or metastatic calcification. Parathyroidectomy in two patients resulted in a decrease in parathyroid hormone concentration to normal, but hypercalcemia persisted. In a third patient, who was not subjected to parathyroidectomy, serum calcium values returned to normal after each of two renal transplantations but remained moderately elevated each time hemodialysis was resumed after allograft nephrectomy.
Castleman of the CPC's
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

It is hard enough, many a vexed author or consortium of authors would testify, to prepare a single article for a medical journal — what with the original preparation, revisions, and the editorial idiosyncrasies to be complied with. Imagine, then, the gargantuan task of preparing manuscripts, week after week with chronographic regularity, and submitting them without fail and on time over a period of 23 years — a total of about 1200 manuscripts comprising about 2000 case reports. But this is an achievement that, among his many other accomplishments, Benjamin Castleman can look back on as he retires this summer . . .
Maintenance of Certification 2.0 — Strong Start, Continued Evolution
Authors: Mira B. Irons, Lois M. Nora
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Dr. Steven Weinberger on the pros and cons of the new Maintenance of Certification standards. (11:27)Download Despite ongoing controversy over the maintenance of certification program, there's growing evidence that it can improve physician performance and patient outcomes. The 2015 MOC standards aim to adapt the program to changing educational and practice environments.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Periampullary Adenocarcinoma—Reply
Authors: John P. Neoptolemos, Trevor F. Cox, Markus W. Büchler
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4152: New methods for the isolation and analysis of biomarkers from exosomes in cell culture media and bio-fluids.
Authors: Sara Gutierrez, Ivona Strug, Amedeo Cappione, Janet L. Smith, Masaharu Mabuchi, Timothy Nadler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Microvesicles, such as exosomes, are small particles secreted by many types of cells under both normal and pathological conditions such as cancer. These microparticles contain RNA and protein (both membrane-bound and cytosolic) from their cells of origin and thus represent a burgeoning resource for biomarker identification. While plasma and urine offer convenient, non-invasive access to sufficient sample volumes for screening purposes, major obstacles to this effort include the problematic issues of exosome isolation methods, the presence of over-abundant proteins or interfering cell debris, and the wide dynamic range of protein expression. It is clearly recognized in many fields that the quality of sample preparation ultimately impacts their performance in downstream analyses; this is particularly true where the target in question is a low abundant protein. Here we present an ultrafiltration-based method for the isolation of microvesicles from cell culture media as well as body fluids. To assist in process optimization, we used a novel infrared (IR) based biomolecule detection system to evaluate lysis and extraction conditions and analyze protein and lipid content. This IR system is less influenced by reducing agents and detergents than either BCA or Bradford assays. Following isolation, samples were analyzed using a rapid immunodetection technique, permitting detection of biomarkers more quickly and efficiently than ever before. Citation Format: Sara Gutierrez, Ivona Strug, Amedeo Cappione, Janet L. Smith, Masaharu Mabuchi, Timothy Nadler. New methods for the isolation and analysis of biomarkers from exosomes in cell culture media and bio-fluids. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4152. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4152
Future of NHS summary care record hangs in balance
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The future of the controversial electronic summary care record—the principal clinical innovation of the £13bn (€15.7bn; $19.1bn) effort to computerise the NHS in England—hangs in the balance this week after a critical official evaluation.

A long awaited, independent academic study, published today in full by the Department of Health and as a BMJ research paper (2010;340:c3111, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3111), makes no recommendation for the future of the care record or of its counterpart for patients, HealthSpace. However, its findings, although necessarily based on small samples and early system versions, will provide ammunition if ministers decide to cancel the project. Ministers have already said that electronic health records are under review.

The evaluation, carried out by a team led by Trisha Greenhalgh of University College London, finds little evidence that the record achieves any of the benefits hoped for. While there are “isolated examples of better quality care and more equitable care . . . …
Cardiac infarcts increase sodium transporter transcripts (rBSC1) in the thick ascending limb of Henle
Authors: Shoji Nogae, Mari Michimata, Masayuki Kanazawa, Satoko Honda, Masahiro Ohta, Yutaka Imai, Sadayoshi Ito, Mitsunobu Matsubara
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Tc-99m Tetrofosmin in Breast Carcinoma and Axillary Lymph Node Metastases: A Comparative Study With Tc-99m MIBI
Authors: MÜFIDE NURAN AKÇAY, YASEMIN AKIN, BURHAN KARABAĞ, ÖNDER ÖZCAN, DURKAYA ÖREN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The potential of Tc-99m tetrofosmin for the imaging of breast carcinoma and axillary lymph node metastases was investigated and compared with that of Tc-99m MIBI. Thirty female patients with palpable breast masses underwent Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy; 17 of those underwent Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy. The axillary and breast regions were evaluated in all patients. All patients underwent biopsy within 2 weeks of the study. Twenty patients were found to have a primary malignancy of the breast, whereas 10 had benign disease. The patients with breast carcinoma had surgery. Twelve patients had axillary lymph node metastases. Tc-99m MIBI breast imaging showed abnormal uptake in 18 of 20 malignancies and in 8 of 12 axillary lymph node metastases. Tc-99m tetrofosmin breast imaging showed abnormal uptake in 13 of 14 malignancies and in 6 of 10 axillary lymph node metastases. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values obtained with Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy for breast carcinoma were 90%, 90%, 90%, and 93%, 100%, 94%, respectively. The values obtained with Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m tetrofosmin scintigraphy for axillary lymph node metastases were 66%, 100%, 86%, and 60%, 100%, 76%, respectively. The authors conclude that both of these techniques are effective in the differentiation of malignant breast masses from benign ones and in detecting axillary lymph node metastases. However, Tc-99m tetrofosmin is superior to Tc-99m MIBI in detecting breast carcinoma.
THE DIRECT READING OF ACIDITIES OF GASTRIC CONTENTS.
Authors: GEORGE WILTON MOOREHOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In the quantitative determination of the acidity of gastric contents a decinormal solution of sodic hydrate is usually employed. Each cubic centimeter neutralizes an acidity equivalent to .00365 gm. of hydrochloric acid. Six cubic centimeters is ordinarily considered an average amount to neutralize the total acidity of 10 cubic centimeters of normal contents. The acidity of gastric contents is most commonly expressed by multiplying by 10 the total number of cubic centimeters of N/10 NaOH required to neutralize 10 cubic centimeters of gastric contents. A normal total acidity is, therefore, about 60. The solution of sodic hydrate, however, is not permanent; should it be accurate when received from the chemist it will not be accurate after a few days, and the variations may be considerable to one using it infrequently. To minimize the difficulties imposed by constant change in the concentration of sodic hydrate solutions some workers determine at frequent intervals
Juliet Leigh Alletson
Authors: G. A. K. A. J. Clancy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Juliet Leigh Alletson loved providing direct patient care while supporting and teaching juniors on the job. She organised the department teaching programme at Scarborough and ensured that specialty doctors were ready for revalidation. She was an instructor on ATLS and ALS courses and had recently become a college examiner. She was pivotal in enhancing the care of patients with sepsis, being part of a trust team that redesigned the local pathway. Juliet’s higher training took place in the north east of England, after she had gained exposure to UK emergency medicine in Dartford and Devon and Exeter hospitals beforehand. She had featured in …
THE OCCURRENCE DURING ACUTE INFECTIONS OF A PROTEIN NOT NORMALLY PRESENT IN THE BLOOD
Authors: Colin M. MacLeod, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Methods are described for isolating a protein commonly present in the blood of patients during the acute phase of various infections which, unlike the normal serum proteins, is precipitable by the C polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. The reactive protein is present in the fraction of serum albumin precipitated by either ammonium or sodium sulfate between 50 and 75 per cent saturation. From this fraction the reactive protein separates out on dialysis against tap water. Following removal of the alcohol-ether-soluble lipids from acute phase serum the reactive protein becomes soluble in tap water, and is no longer precipitable by traces of calcium but still retains its precipitability with the C polysaccharide.
Chlamydia trachomatis diseases are on the rise
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) now is being diagnosed in at least 2.5 million Americans per year, says the American Social Health Association. Some authorities suggest that NGU already is more common than gonorrhea in this country. In men with NGU,<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>is being recovered from the urethras of two or three of every five. It also is being found in the cervices of about two thirds of their female sexual partners. Among other complications, there is the possibility that inclusion conjunctivitis may develop in the infants of these women from exposure to the<i>C trachomatis</i>organism in the birth canal. In fact, additional problems may develop in exposed infants. University of California, San Francisco, investigator Chandler R. Dawson, MD, told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar in Los Angeles this fall that "this chlamydial infection is the most common cause of pneumonia in newborns [two to six cases per 1,000
Malignant spinal cord compression: prospective study of delays in referral and treatment
Authors: D J Husband
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine the delay in presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of malignant spinal cord compression and to define the effect of this delay on motor and bladder function at the time of treatment. <b>Design:</b> Prospective study of all new patients presenting to a regional cancer centre with this condition. <b>Setting:</b> Regional cancer centre. <b>Subjects:</b> 301 consecutive patients. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Interval from onset of symptoms to presentation and treatment, delay at each stage of referral, and functional deterioration. <b>Results:</b> The median (range) delay from onset of symptoms of spinal cord compression to treatment was 14 (0–840) days. Of the total delay, 3 (0–300) days were accounted for by patients, 3 (0–330) days by general practitioners, 4 (0–794) days by the district general hospital, and 0 (0–114) days by the treatment unit. Initial presentation to the regional cancer centre with symptoms of malignant spinal cord compression led to a significant reduction in delay to treatment and improved functional status at the time of treatment. Deterioration of motor or bladder function ≥1 grade occurred at the general practice stage in 28% (57) and 18% (36) of patients, the general hospital stage in 36% (83) and 29% (66), and the treatment unit stage in 6% (19) and 5% (15), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Unacceptable delay in diagnosis, investigation, and referral occurs in most patients with malignant spinal cord compression and results in preventable loss of function before treatment. Improvement in the outcome of such patients requires earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Roentgenography and Giardiasis
Authors: Jay E. Menitove, Laurence A. Citro, Phillip P. Brown, Edward M. Gaber, John J. Zieminski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1978Roentgenography and GiardiasisJAY E. MENITOVE, M.D., LAURENCE A. CITRO, M.D., PHILLIP P. BROWN, M.D., EDWARD M. GABER, M.D., JOHN J. ZIEMINSKI, M.D.JAY E. MENITOVE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAURENCE A. CITRO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PHILLIP P. BROWN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD M. GABER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN J. ZIEMINSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-719_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor:Giardia lambliahas been implicated as the cause of a community wide outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in Rome, New York (1). Although roentgenographic characteristics of the small bowel are nonspecific and abnormalities occur at a variable rate in patients with giardiasis, the physicians at Griffiss Air Force Base, Rome, New York, made their initial epidemic-related diagnosis with the aid of upper gastrointestinal studies and small-bowel follow-through examination. Thickened folds and flocculation of barium were seen in the small bowel of a patient with protracted diarrhea. The stool containedG. lambliacysts, and recovery from symptoms rapidly followed...References1. SHAWBRODSKYLYMANWOODHIBLERHEALYMACLEODSTAHLSCHULTZ PRDBCGKWM: A communitywide outbreak of giardiasis with evidence of transmission by a municipal water supply. Ann Intern Med 87:426-432, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MARSHAKLINDNER RA: Radiology of the Small Intestine 2nd ed Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1976, pp. 123-124 Google Scholar3. WRIGHTTOMKINSRIDLEY SAD: Giardiasis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. Gut 18:343-350, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HARTONGARVANITALEIS WC: Letter. JAMA 237:1078-1079, 1977 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rome, NY PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByParasitosen des menschlichen DünndarmsGiardia and Giardiasis 1 May 1978Volume 88, Issue 5Page: 719-719KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyDiarrheaGiardia lambliaGiardiasis Issue Published: 1 May 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sicca Syndrome and Total Lipodystrophy
Authors: MOSHE M. IPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A 15-year-old girl is described with the sicca syndrome of keratoconjunctivitis and xerostomia. There was no associated rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue disorder, but total lipodystrophy had been present since the age of 9 years. Marked hyperreactivity of the humoral immune system and suppression of cell-mediated immunity was shown. The association of sicca syndrome with total lipodystrophy has not previously been reported.
Combined effect of neonatal sympathectomy and adrenal demedullation on blood pressure and vascular changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: R M Lee, K R Borkowski, F H Leenen, J Tsoporis, M Coughlin
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Neonatal sympathectomy using a combined treatment with antiserum to nerve growth factor and guanethidine during the first 4 weeks after birth was carried out in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Bilateral adrenal demedullation was performed in 4-week-old sympathectomized SHR and WKY rats. The development of hypertension in SHR was prevented by sympathectomy, but the blood pressure (BP) was still higher than in age-matched WKY rats. Demedullation reduced the BP of sympathectomized SHR to the same level as that of WKY rats. Heart rates of SHR and WKY rats were not affected by the treatments. Morphometric measurements of the mesenteric arteries showed that sympathectomy significantly reduced the medial mass in the mesenteric arteries of SHR, mainly through a reduction in the number of smooth muscle cell layers. In sympathectomized SHR, demedullation increased the lumen size of muscular arteries under maximally relaxed conditions, which might explain the further reduction in BP in these animals. Demedullation in sympathectomized SHR and WKY rats caused a decrease in smooth muscle cell layers in the superior mesenteric artery, but the same treatment resulted in a slight increase in the number of smooth muscle cell layers in the large and small mesenteric arteries of SHR and WKY rats. Adventitial area was increased in some mesenteric arteries of SHR and WKY rats by sympathectomy, and demedullation caused a further increase in the size of adventitia in WKY rats. Heart weight in SHR was normalized to the level found in WKY rats by sympathectomy and demedullation. We conclude that in sympathectomized SHR, the elevated BP was maintained by the adrenal medulla.
Significance of the Loss of Potency in the Pertussis Component of Certain Lots of Quadruple Antigen
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall, J.A. McComb, L. H. Wetterlow, J. Ipsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE use of combined immunization with multiple antigens in a single mixture has been greatly expanded during the past fifteen years, because the advantages of such combinations were tremendous and the problems resulting from their use have been minor. The most recent such combination to become widely used has been a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanuspoliomyelitis combination or "quadruple antigen." Batson et al.1 first reported on the use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine mixed in the syringe with antigens for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), and soon afterward Barrett and his colleagues2 described the same combination mixed at the producing laboratory. Both reports furnished data . . .
COMPARATIVE LYMPHOCYTIC AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AFFECTIVE DISORDERS TO ELECTROSHOCK, INSULIN SHOCK, AND EPINEPHRINE
Authors: ERNEST H. PARSONS, EDWIN F. GILDEA, ETHEL RONZONI, SIDNEY Z. HULBERT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

The effect of epinephrine on the circulating white blood cells in normal and psychotic (schizophrenic and manic-depressive) subjects are shown to be similar and approximate the effects obtained on psychotic subjects after electroshock treatment. Insulin also produced a lymphocytopenia but changes occurred more slowly and were of longer duration. Investigation of plasma proteins and hemoglobin showed no significant differences in changes following epinephrine injection. After electroshock there was an immediate increase in serum proteins and hemoglobin with a return to preshock amounts in ½ to 1 hour. The lymphocytopenia occurred later and could not therefore be accounted for by hemodilution. It is concluded that the circulating lymphocytes in psychotic subjects respond to epinephrine in the same way as do the controls. Furthermore, electroshock and insulin coma produce a lymphocyte response similar to that following epinephrine. These data do not support the contention that there is a disorder of pituitary-adrenal function in psychotic patients. On the other hand, apparently stressful psychologic disturbances in psychotic patients are not accompanied by lymphocytopenia or hyperglycemia. In this respect they differ from normal subjects. It is suggested therefore that there is a defect in psychotic patients which obstructs communication between the central nervous system and the endocrine system.