tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking Among Participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivors Cohort: The Partnership for Health Study
Authors: Karen M. Emmons, Rita M. Butterfield, Elaine Puleo, Elyse R. Park, Ann Mertens, Ellen R. Gritz, Maureen Lahti, Fredrick P. Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

This article describes baseline data collection and the intervention design of Partnership for Health, a smoking cessation intervention for smokers in the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study. The purpose of this article is to evaluate demographic, psychosocial, and cancer-related factors that are associated with smoking behavior and mediators of smoking cessation.This study includes 796 smokers from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study database who were diagnosed with cancer before the age of 21, had survived at least 5 years, and were at least 18 years of age at the time of the baseline survey. Correlates of smoking behaviors included smoking rate, number of recent quit attempts, and nicotine dependence; two key mediators of smoking cessation, readiness to quit smoking and self-efficacy, were also assessed.Participants smoked, on average, 14 cigarettes/day; 53.2% were nicotine dependent, and 58% had made at least one quit attempt in the past year. Smoking behaviors were primarily associated with demographic variables; mediators of cessation were primarily associated with age at cancer diagnosis and perceived vulnerability to smoking-related illnesses. Severity of psychologic symptoms was associated with increased smoking rate, high nicotine dependence, and low self-efficacy. Support for quitting was related to smoking rate, number of quit attempts, readiness to quit smoking, and self-efficacy.These findings indicate that many cancer survivors who smoke are receptive to smoking cessation interventions. Factors related to mediators of smoking cessation might be particularly good targets for intervention.
Hodgkin's Disease: Laparotomy or Not?
Authors: JOHN E. ULTMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1972Hodgkin's Disease: Laparotomy or Not?JOHN E. ULTMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN E. ULTMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-2-330 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by R. E. Johnson, "Is Staging Laparotomy Routinely Indicated in Hodgkin's Disease?" (Ann Intern Med 75:459-462, 1971), deserves comment. I shall address myself only to the three conclusions of the article.1. "The surgical findings have not yet been shown adequately reliable to determine the need for prophylactic abdominal irradiation. . . ." This conclusion isnotbased on Johnson's experience with laparotomy, since his group has not used this procedure routinely. If the conclusion is based on the extension rate in his group of patients not receiving prophylactic irradiation, it reflects only on the...References1. ULTMANN J: Current status: the management of lymphoma. Semin Hematol 7:441-460, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. FERGUSON D, ALLEN L, and GRIEM M: Surgical experience with laparotomy in 125 patients with lymphoma. Symposium on Hodgkin's Disease, St. Louis, Mo., 7-9 October 1971. In press, 1972 Google Scholar3. MARKS J, PINSKY S, and GRIEM H: The extended mantle field in the radiotherapeutic treatment of malignant lymphoma. Radiology 100:423-425, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KAPLAN H: On the natural history, treatment, and prognosis of Hodgkin's disease. Harvey Lect 64:215-259, 1970 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN E. ULTMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Pritzker School of Medicine Division of Biological Science University of Chicago and Argonne Cancer Research Hospital Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe History of Diabetes mellitusDie Geschichte des Diabetes mellitusHodgkin’s DiseaseDie Geschichte des Diabetes mellitusRisk of Severe Infection in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease or Lymphoma After Diagnostic Laparotomy and SplenectomyRICHARD K. DESSER, M.D., JOHN E. ULTMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 February 1972Volume 76, Issue 2 Page: 330-331 Keywords Hodgkin lymphoma Laparotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reversible Vigabatrin-Induced Life-Threatening Encephalopathy
Authors: Yaiza Hernández Vega, Marios Kaliakatsos, Jean-Marie U-King-Im, Karine Lascelles, Ming Lim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Cytokine signaling through the novel tyrosine kinase RAFTK in Kaposi's sarcoma cells.
Authors: Z Y Liu, R K Ganju, J F Wang, M A Ona, W C Hatch, T Zheng, S Avraham, P Gill, J E Groopman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A number of cytokines, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oncostatin M (OSM), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), have been postulated to have a role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The proliferative effects of bFGF and OSM may be via their reported activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in KS cells. We now report that KS cells express a recently identified focal adhesion kinase termed RAFTK which appears in other cell systems to coordinate surface signals between cytokine and integrin receptors and the cytoskeleton as well as act downstream to modulate JNK activation. We also report that the tyrosine kinase receptor FLT-4, present on normal lymphatic endothelium, is robustly expressed in KS cells. Treatment of KS cells with VEGF-related protein (VRP), the ligand for the FLT-4 receptor, as well as with the cytokines bFGF, OSM, IL-6, VEGF, or TNF-alpha resulted in phosphorylation and activation of RAFTK. Following its activation, there was an enhanced association of RAFTK with the cytoskeletal protein paxillin. This association was mediated by the hydrophobic COOH-terminal domain of the kinase. Furthermore, JNK activity was increased in KS cells after VEGF or VRP stimulation. We postulate that in these tumor cells RAFTK may be activated by a diverse group of stimulatory cytokines and facilitate signal transduction to the cytoskeleton and downstream to the growth promoting JNK pathway.
Combined Studies of Complement Receptor and Surface Immunoglobulin-Bearing Cells and Sheep Erythrocyte Rosette-Forming Cells in Normal and Leukemic Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Gordon D. Ross, Enrique M. Rabellino, Margaret J. Polley, Howard M. Grey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Human lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, thoracic duct, and peripheral lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia were studied for complement receptor sites (CRL), surface immunoglobulin (SIg), and for the ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (TRFC). The two B cell markers (CRL and SIg) were found to be in overlapping, but not totally identical populations, whereas cells that were able to form rosettes were found in a totally unrelated population of lymphocytes; TRFC is therefore probably a reliable marker for T cells. In peripheral blood 24% of lymphocytes had SIg, but only half of these were also CRL. Almost all of the non-SIg peripheral blood lymphocytes were TRFC. In the spleen and thoracic duct only a few lymphocytes were observed that had SIg and were not CRL. On the other hand, in two of three spleens studied 10-20% of cells were CRL that did not have SIg. In the thoracic duct all non-CRL that did not have SIg. In the thoracic duct all non-CRL, non-SIg cells were TRFC. In chronic lymphatic leukemia three findings were made: (a) The presence or absence of CRL was independent of the presence or absence of SIg so that in individuals whose cells were non-SIg. CRL were usually plentiful. (b) Leukemic cells were essentially negative for TRFC. (c) Leukemic cells reacted poorly with human C3 compared to mouse C3, EACmo detecting up to 20-fold more CRL than EAChu. This latter finding was in sharp contrast to normal CRL that reacted somewhat preferentially with EAChu. These data suggest that altered surface Ig receptors and complement receptors are present in chronic lymphatic leukemic cells. Since the cells obtained from all leukemic patients tested in this study had either the complement receptor or surface immunoglobulin in a high percentage of their cells and were essentially negative for TRFC, it is strongly suggested that leukemic lymphocytes are of B cell origin. The finding of lymphocytes with only one of the two B cell markers suggests that these markers are not uniformly present on all B cells and that depending on the source, one or the other may be deficient.
PWE-130 The human gut mucosal cognate cellular response to live oral typhoid vaccination
Authors: S Pennington, A Thompson, A K Wright, D Ferreira, A D Wright, B Faragher, S B Gordon, M A Gordon
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The human gut mucosal cellular response to oral vaccination has never been directly assessed. We studied the cognate cellular immune response to the live oral typhoid Ty21a vaccine in the gut mucosa of human volunteers, and compared it with that seen in peripheral blood. <h3>Methods</h3> 27 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to a vaccinated (n=14) or a control (n=13) group for Ty21a typhoid vaccine. Peripheral blood was collected from all volunteers prior to vaccination and 18 days following immunisation or recruitment. Mucosal samples (15 jumbo biopsies from duodenum (n=25) ± colon (n=18)) were collected from all volunteers at gastroscopy +/− sigmoidoscopy on day 18. Mononuclear cells were isolated from mucosal tissue by disruption and collagenase digestion, and from blood by differential centrifugation. Cells were stimulated with Ty21a or control antigens, and stained for surface phenotype and intracellular cytokine production. Antigen-specific IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production was determined by flow cytometric analysis for CD3<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD3<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>−</sup> (CD4<sup>+</sup>) lymphocytes. Humoural IgA, IgM and IgG responses in blood were examined in relation to mucosal and peripheral cellular responses. <h3>Results</h3> Oral immunisation with Ty21a significantly increased the proportion of antigen-specific cytokine-producing CD8-positive (p&lt;0.05) and CD8-negative (p&lt;0.05) lymphocytes within the duodenal mucosa, but no specific response was seen in colon. CD8-negative lymphocytes within the duodenal mucosa adopted a significantly more poly-functional phenotype following vaccination, expressing 2 or 3 cytokines simultaneously, while in contrast antigen-specific cytokine-producing CD8-positive lymphocytes in the duodenal mucosa were mono-functional expressing a single cytokine. In blood, the proportion of antigen-specific cytokine-producing CD8-positive lymphocytes was increased (p&lt;0.05) following oral vaccination, but there was no significant increase in cytokine-producing CD4-positive lymphocytes. Differences in functionality of antigen-specific cytokine responses were less marked in peripheral blood lymphocytes following vaccination. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data show an antigen-specific response in human gut mucosal lymphocytes following oral vaccination, and directly demonstrate different immune functionality of CD8-positive compared to CD8-negative mucosal lymphocytes. These responses were more informative than surrogate measurements in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The absence of a detectable cognate response from the colon may indicate compartmentalisation of the gut mucosal response to the embryological mid-gut, where typhoid antigen is likely presented at immune inductive sites. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The chemical form of cadmium in subcellular fractions following cadmium exposure.
Authors: K Waku
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 250 ppm Cd for 12 months. After excision of the kidney and liver, the organs were subfractionated into nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and cytosol fractions, and the chemical forms of Cd in the subcellular fractions were examined. Although approximately 90% of the total Cd was present in the cytosol, in the form of metallothionein, 3-5% was also present in the mitochondrial fraction and 5-7% in the microsomal fraction from both organs. By Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, after solubilizing the particulate fractions with sodium deoxycholate, approximately 89% of Cd in the microsomal fraction and 94% in the mitochondrial fraction eluted with the same retention time as that of metallothionein in both liver and kidney, while the remainder was found in a high molecular weight protein fraction. The Cd that eluted with the high molecular protein fraction may be involved in dysfunction in subcellular organelles. For estimating the toxicity of Cd associated with the high molecular weight fraction, rat liver microsomes and CdCl2 were mixed with 1% of sodium deoxycholate and the protein-Cd complex produced was isolated by eluting with Sephadex G-75. This complex had a strong toxicity toward the alcohol dehydrogenase activity (SH-enzyme), and the Ki values of the Cd-protein complexes decreased with increased amount of Cd bound to the microsomal protein fraction. The above results suggest that loosely bound Cd increased in the case of higher Cd/protein and plays a toxic role in the living cells.
Membrane glucocorticoid receptors are down regulated by glucocorticoids in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and use a caveolin-1-independent expression pathway
Authors: C M Spies, D H S Schaumann, T Berki, K Mayer, M Jakstadt, D Huscher, C Wunder, G-R Burmester, A Radbruch, R Lauster, A Scheffold, F Buttgereit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Membrane-bound glucocorticoid receptors (mGCR) are up regulated on monocytes after in vitro stimulation and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Caveolin-1 is critical for the transport of plasma membrane oestrogen receptors to the cell surface.To investigate the expression of mGCR in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-a disease with different aetiopathogenesis and treatment regimens-and to examine whether caveolin-1 is critical for the transport of mGCR to the cell surface.Frequencies of mGCR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured using high-sensitivity immunofluorescent staining and tested for correlation with SLE disease activity and glucocorticoid treatment. Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, recombinant expression and confocal laser-scanning microscopy were used to search for an association of mGCR with caveolin-1.The frequencies of mGCR+ monocytes (CD14+) were considerably higher in patients with SLE (n = 33) than in healthy controls (n = 58), whereas B cells (CD19+) were not different in this regard. T cells (CD3+) were always mGCR-. The frequency of mGCR+ monocytes in patients with SLE did not correlate with disease activity, but did inversely correlate with glucocorticoid dosages; this inverse correlation was confirmed by corresponding in vitro experiments with stimulated monocytes. The induced up regulation of mGCR was not accompanied by an up regulation of caveolin-1, and mGCR are not colocalised with caveolin-1 in plasma membrane caveolae.mGCR are (a) up regulated in patients with SLE and by inflammatory stimuli and (b) down regulated by glucocorticoids, suggesting a negative feedback loop to control glucocorticoid action. Drugs binding selectively to mGCR may in future prove to be of therapeutic value.
Is there a glycemic threshold for mortality risk?
Authors: B Balkau, S Bertrais, P Ducimetiere, E Eschwege
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To determine whether there are thresholds for fasting and for 2-h glucose above which the risk of death from all causes and from coronary heart disease (CHD) increases.We studied 23-year mortality data from the Paris Prospective Study of the 7,018 men, aged 44-55 years, who were not known as diabetic at the baseline examination. The effect of glucose concentrations on mortality was studied using the observed relative risks and an age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.For all causes of death, there were J-shaped relationships with both fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations, and the lowest observed death rates were in the intervals centered on 5.5 mmol/l for fasting glucose and 5.0 mmol/l for 2-h glucose. The death rates for CHD were low in this population: for fasting glucose, the hazards ratio was best modeled by a positive linear relationship; for 2-h glucose, it was modeled by a J-shaped curve and the lowest observed death rate was in the interval centered on 6.0 mmol/l.In the Paris Prospective Study, there were no clear thresholds for fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations above which mortality sharply increased; in the upper levels of the glucose distributions, the risk of death progressively increased with increasing fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations.
Incidence of HIV Superinfection Following Primary Infection
Authors: D. M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidental Situs Inversus Visualized with FDG PET/CT
Authors: Dharmesh Modi, Michael J. Fulham, Armin Mohamed
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 68-year-old man was referred for a PET/CT scan to assist in the staging of a biopsy-proved nonsmall cell carcinoma of the left lung. The patient previously worked in an opal mine and had no significant past medical history. A PET/CT scan was performed on an LSO Duo Biograph (Siemens, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) after the injection of 333.1 MBq (9 mCi) FDG. The patient fasted for 6 hours prior to the scan. In addition to the primary lung tumor and regional nodal disease, there was incidental situs inversus. The referring doctor was aware of the diagnosis but this was not relayed on the PET request or to the patient.
The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and Its Pleiotropic Functions in Brain
Authors: V. C. Russo, P. D. Gluckman, E. L. Feldman, G. A. Werther
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2005)

In recent years, much interest has been devoted to defining the role of the IGF system in the nervous system. The ubiquitous IGFs, their cell membrane receptors, and their carrier binding proteins, the IGFBPs, are expressed early in the development of the nervous system and are therefore considered to play a key role in these processes. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the IGF system promotes differentiation and proliferation and sustains survival, preventing apoptosis of neuronal and brain derived cells. Furthermore, studies of transgenic mice overexpressing components of the IGF system or mice with disruptions of the same genes have clearly shown that the IGF system plays a key role in vivo.
State Mandates and Childhood Immunization
Authors: Kathryn M. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Middle molecule and small protein removal in children on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Giovanni Montini, Gianpaolo Amici, Sabrina Milan, Michele Mussap, Mauro Naturale, Ilse-Maria Rätsch, Anita Ammenti, Palma Sorino, Enrico Verrina, Barbara Andreetta, Graziella Zacchello
Journal: Kidney International (2002)