tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of pH on Na+-Ca2+ exchange in canine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.
Authors: K D Philipson, M M Bersohn, A Y Nishimoto
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Using highly purified sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from dog ventricles, we examined the effects of pH on Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The initial rate of Nai+-dependent Ca2+ uptake is a sigmoid function of pH. The Ca2+ uptake is inhibited at pH 6 and stimulated at pH 9 (as compared with uptake at pH 7.4). This dependence on pH suggests that the ionization state of a histidine residue may be important in Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The effects of H+ on Nai+-dependent Ca2+ uptake are partially competitive with Ca2+, although this relationship is complex. Nao+-dependent Ca2+ efflux is also sensitive to H+ and increases monotonically with pH. These effects of pH appear to be due to intrinsic interactions with the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system and are not due to an alteration of Na+-H+ exchange or membrane permeability. The effects of pH on vesicular Na+-Ca2+ exchange are apparent only at low Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations. Thus modulation of vesicular Na+-Ca2+ exchange by pH is manifest only under ionic conditions which exist intracellularly in intact myocardium. Since the negative inotropy caused by acidosis is thought to reflect a fall in internal pH, these results suggest that alteration of sarcolemmal Ca2+ transport (medicated by Na+-Ca2+ exchange) by internal pH may contribute to the regulation of myocardial contractility by pH.
Torsade de pointes late after I.V. Quinidine in conscious dogs with AV-block. Comparison with acute effects
Authors: Jacoues Weissenburger, Frédériqe Chézalviel, Jean-Marc Davy, Christian Guhennec, Jean-Marie Poirier, Georges Cheymol, Gilbert Motté
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. A primary manifestation of polymyositis.
Authors: M I Schwarz, J M Sutarik, J A Nick, J A Leff, J W Emlen, R M Tuder
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Polymyositis is often complicated by either usual interstitial pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar damage, cellular interstitial pneumonitis, or bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia. Pulmonary capillaritis, a distinct interstitial reaction associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, occurs with the systemic vasculitides and some collagen vascular diseases. It has not been described in patients with polymyositis. We describe two patients who developed a relatively acute onset of polymyositis based on the appearance of a severe proximal myopathy, elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels, compatible electromyographic abnormalities, inflammatory muscle biopsies, and in one case, the presence of serum anti-Jo-1 antibodies. Concomitant with their muscle disease, they developed respiratory failure that proved to be pulmonary capillaritis with varying degrees of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as well as bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia. Although those reactions are reported to occur with other collagen vascular diseases, these two cases are the first reports of pulmonary capillaritis and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage complicating polymyositis.
High-Density Lipoprotein Modulates Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Brian G. Drew, Stephen J. Duffy, Melissa F. Formosa, Alaina K. Natoli, Darren C. Henstridge, Sally A. Penfold, Walter G. Thomas, Nigora Mukhamedova, Barbora de Courten, Josephine M. Forbes, Felicia Y. Yap, David M. Kaye, Gerrit van Hall, Mark A. Febbraio, Bruce E. Kemp, Dmitri Sviridov, Gregory R. Steinberg, Bronwyn A. Kingwell
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Low plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and aspects of the metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that HDL modulates glucose metabolism via elevation of plasma insulin and through activation of the key metabolic regulatory enzyme, AMP-activated protein kinase, in skeletal muscle. Methods and Results— Thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received both intravenous reconstituted HDL (rHDL: 80 mg/kg over 4 hours) and placebo on separate days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. A greater fall in plasma glucose from baseline occurred during rHDL than during placebo (at 4 hours rHDL=−2.6±0.4; placebo=−2.1±0.3mmol/L; P =0.018). rHDL increased plasma insulin (at 4 hours rHDL=3.4±10.0; placebo= −19.2±7.4 pmol/L; P =0.034) and also the homeostasis model assessment β-cell function index (at 4 hours rHDL=18.9±5.9; placebo=8.6±4.4%; P =0.025). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase β phosphorylation in skeletal muscle biopsies was increased by 1.7±0.3-fold after rHDL, indicating activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Both HDL and apolipoprotein AI increased glucose uptake (by 177±12% and 144±18%, respectively; P &lt;0.05 for both) in primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures established from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=5). The mechanism is demonstrated to include stimulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 with subsequent activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase and the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Conclusions— rHDL reduced plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing plasma insulin and activating AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle. These findings suggest a role for HDL-raising therapies beyond atherosclerosis to address type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dynamic water gravity rotation for endoscopic submucosal dissection: changing the location of the lesion
Authors: H. Kim, S. Choi, H. Lee, D. Ahn, E. Kang, M. Kwak
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. The lesion was located at the anterior wall of the proximal antrum to the lower body. After incision [1] [2], about 350 cc of distilled water was infused into the stomach ([Fig. 1]). The weight of the water changed the shape of the stomach, so that the anterior wall rotated from the 9 o'clock direction to the 6 o'clock direction ([Fig. 2]). Repositioning the lesion made it easier to perform dissection using an insulation-tipped diathermic knife-2 (IT-2) ([Fig. 3]). As the final step, we aspirated water to reposition the lesion back to 9 o'clock, so that we were able to cut the edge of the lesion more efficiently ([Fig. 4]).
Experience-Induced Arc/Arg3.1 Primes CA1 Pyramidal Neurons for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Synaptic Depression
Authors: Vikram Jakkamsetti, Nien-Pei Tsai, Christina Gross, Gemma Molinaro, Katie A. Collins, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Kuan H. Wang, Pavel Osten, Gary J. Bassell, Jay R. Gibson, Kimberly M. Huber
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Faxing helps deaf people access health services in Spain
Authors: M. J Castillo-Garzon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Jones and Gill described the communication problems experienced by ethnic minority groups in their attempts to gain access to NHS healthcare services.1 Several readers subsequently reported that deaf people encountered comparable obstacles and that rapid connection to an interpreting service was no solution. 2 3 Evidently, users with hearing deficiencies face enormous barriers to communicating with any health agency that offers services through …
The effect of a single remote injection of statin-impregnated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres on osteogenesis around titanium implants in rat tibia
Authors: Tomohiro Masuzaki, Yasunori Ayukawa, Yasuko Moriyama, Yohei Jinno, Ikiru Atsuta, Yoichiro Ogino, Kiyoshi Koyano
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Rejection of skin allografts by indirect allorecognition of donor class I major histocompatibility complex peptides.
Authors: J Fangmann, R Dalchau, J W Fabre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

LEW (RT1l) rats were immunized with peptides corresponding to the alpha helical region of the alpha 1 domain (peptide 1), the beta sheet of the alpha 2 domain (peptide 2), and the alpha helical region of the alpha 2 domain (peptide 3) of the RT1-Aav1 classical class I molecule of the DA (RT1av1) strain. The immunizations were without carriers, and the objective was to prime to indirect allorecognition without influencing direct recognition of the RT1-Aav1 molecule. The LEW rats mounted strong primary and secondary antibody responses to peptides 1 and 3, but only weak secondary responses to peptide 2. None of the antipeptide antibodies crossreacted with intact RT1-Aav1 class I molecules. The immunization also resulted in LEW antigen-presenting cell-dependent, CD4+ T cell proliferative responses, which were very strong against peptide 1 and weakest against peptide 2. LEW rats immunized with peptides 1 or 3, but most effectively with both peptides 1 and 3 together, showed accelerated rejection of DA skin allografts. This effect was not observed in LEW rats immunized with peptide 2. In response to the DA skin allograft, the peptide-immunized LEW rats showed markedly accelerated kinetics of antibody production to the intact RT1-Aav1 molecule. These data demonstrate that indirect allorecognition can play an important role in allograft rejection and have important implications for understanding allograft rejection and its regulation.
FURTHER DATA ON THE EFFECT OF VACCINATION AGAINST BOVINE INFECTIOUS ABORTION
Authors: Theobald Smith, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

The partial protection afforded by four injections of a heated culture of Bacillus abortus of normal virulence during the first pregnancy is in part lost in the second. The superiority of a single injection of a living culture of relatively low virulence is evident in both pregnancies. In the experiment described, the protection was complete.
Does This Older Adult With Lower Extremity Pain Have the Clinical Syndrome of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?
Authors: Pradeep Suri, James Rainville, Leonid Kalichman, Jeffrey N. Katz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Context-The clinical syndrome of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common diagnosis in older adults presenting with lower extremity pain.Objective-To systematically review the accuracy of the clinical examination for the diagnosis of the clinical syndrome of LSS.
Phenytoin and Red Urine?-Reply
Authors: Bennett M. Derby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the opportunity to have read Dr Rosenberg's letter and also to have reviewed his recent letter to the editor in another journal. In this earlier brief correspondence, not a medical report, Dr Rosenberg simply wrote that a woman receiving phenytoin and phenobarbital, complaining of "bloody urine" for two years, had a urine that was bright orange-red and did not contain blood. Urinalysis, including specific gravity, pH, and sediment microscopy, was not mentioned by Dr Rosenberg. Dr Rosenberg made no study whatever of his patient, such as testing for on-off discoloration with or without medication, for redox change, for pigment differential solubility or adsorption, for crystalline deposit after cooling, or even for the presence of phenytoin in the urine. In short, Dr Rosenberg made not the slightest attempt to identify the source of a subjective response to color. Apart from the unverified history of "bloody urine," the
Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents.
Authors: P M Hurley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Of 240 pesticides screened for carcinogenicity by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, at least 24 (10%) produce thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents. Thirteen of the thyroid carcinogens also induce liver tumors, mainly in mice, and 9 chemicals produce tumors at other sites. Some mutagenic data are available on all 24 pesticides producing thyroid tumors. Mutagenicity does not seem to be a major determinant in thyroid carcinogenicity, except for possibly acetochlor; evidence is less convincing for ethylene thiourea and etridiazole. Studies on thyroid-pituitary functioning, including indications of thyroid cell growth and/or changes in thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, are available on 19 pesticides. No such antithyroid information is available for etridiazole, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, terbutryn, triadimefon, and trifluralin. Of the studied chemicals, only bromacil lacks antithyroid activity under study conditions. Intrathyroidal and extrathyroidal sites of action are found: amitrole, ethylene thiourea, and mancozeb are thyroid peroxidase inhibitors; and acetochlor, clofentezine, fenbuconazole, fipronil, pendimethalin, pentachloronitrobenzene, prodiamine, pyrimethanil, and thiazopyr seem to enhance the hepatic metabolism and excretion of thyroid hormone. Thus, with 12 pesticides that mode of action judgments can be made, 11 disrupt thyroid-pituitary homeostasis only; no chemical is mutagenic only; and acetochlor may have both antithyroid and some mutagenic activity. More information is needed to identify other potential antithyroid modes of thyroid carcinogenic action.
Chickenpox in the tropics
Authors: B W Lee, A Y S Tan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Proportions (95% confidence intervals) ofrespondents who had nebulisers in their practice and who took peakflow meters on house calls and change in respondents' responses between 1989 and 1994 All respondents Paired comparison 1989 1994 between 1989 and 1994 %0(95% % (95% Median change Confidence Confidence No of (interquartile No intervals) No intervals) pairs range)* Pt Nebuliser in practice 198 91-4 (87-5 to 95 3) 189 98-4 (96-6 to 100-2) 146 0 (0 to 1) 0 03 Takes meteron house calls 198 31-8 (25-3 to 38-3) 191 34-6 (27-8 to 41-4) 148 0 (Oto2) 09 *Positive values indicate increase.tSigned rank statistic.
Review: Imaging techniques have similarly high accuracy for diagnosing cancer in solitary pulmonary nodules
Authors: Daniel I. Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Cronin P, Dwamena BA, Kelly AM, Carlos RC. Solitary pulmonary nodules: meta-analytic comparison of cross-sectional imaging modalities for diagnosis of malignancy. Radiology. 2008;246:772-82. 18235105
Primitive Physic: Or, an Easy and Natural Method of Curing most Diseases
Authors: W. O Goldthorp
Journal: BMJ (2009)

John Wesley is of course well known as a founder of Methodism and writer of sermons; less well known is this medical work. His uncle was a physician; and his Puritan great grandfather had, on being thrown out of his parish after the 1660 restoration, studied theology and medicine at Oxford, thereafter retaining his independence by practising medicine.

Wesley’s preface to the first edition of Primitive Physic is 14 pages, much of it of a religious nature. His purpose was to give advice, including on saving money, and it includes a …
Changes in biochemical and physiological indices in animals produced by the combined effect of benz [a] pyrene and phenol.
Authors: N N Skvortsova, I V Vysochina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Early energy changes in lungs, liver, and kidneys during the introduction of a benz a pyrene and phenol (as the possible carcinogen activator) were studied. It was observed that 10 days after a single instance introduction of 5 mg benz a pyrene per 0.9% NaCl (60 rats), oxidative phosphorylation in the lungs and livers is disturbed in the test rats, accompanied by a reduction of adenine nucleotides in these tissues. It is assumed that at this stage, the detoxication of benz a pyrene is intensified by free oxidation systems and by the respiratory chain of mitochondria. A chronic 3-month exposure to benz a pyrene and phenol (150 rats, each 5 mg of benz a pyrene per month intratracheally and 0.4 mg/m3 of phenol round-the-clock) results in greater disturbances of the energy exchange in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Benz a pyrene and phenol, individually and in combination, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in the lungs. This significantly decreases the content of adenine nucleotides in this tissue. Activation of anaerobic glycolysis (twofold) and of aerobic glycolysis (eightfold) does not make up for the energy insufficiency in the tissue. The effect of benz a pyrene and phenol in the liver also results in suppressing oxidative phosphorylation and in the activation of glycolysis (anaerobic 2.5 times, the aerobic 3.7 times). Changes in the bioenergy of the kidneys are not as great. Phenol in its combined effect with benz[a]pyrene intensifies the effect of the latter, as shown primarily to the greater activation of anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis in the lungs and livers of test rats. The observed disturbances as concern the weight dynamics of the animals (weight loss in test rats), vitamin metabolism (their decrease in the organs in in urine) and hemopoiesis of red blood cells (erythropenia) attest to the toxic effect of benz a pyrene phenol on the organism, which is greater in the case of the combined action of the studied agents. No changes were discerned in the morphology of white blood cells.
National screening programme for aortic aneurysm
Authors: Roger M Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

About $1bn a year of new international aid will pay for artemisinin based combination therapies for around 60% of those who need it. 7 Yet researchers at Harvard estimated that total international aid for malaria control in 2000 was just $100m. 8 Although annual spending on malaria has increased since then as a result of the creation of the Global Fund-for example, the fund had disbursed $37.3m to malaria programmes as of 23 October 2003 (Jon Liden, personal communication, 2004)-this is still nowhere near the amount that is needed.Some donors, like the United States Agency for International Development, spend nothing at all on malaria drugs.Unicef spent just $1m in 2003 on procuring artemisinin based treatments.And what about the third tool, insecticides?Here we need a re-think.The Persistent Organic Pollutants Treaty aims to completely phase out global use of dicophane (DDT), while many donor agencies will not fund any malaria control programmes that use this insecticide.But dicophane is effective, 9 with a remarkable safety record when used in small quantities for indoor spraying in endemic regions. 10 Malaria cases soared in the KwaZulu Natal province of South Africa after it stopped using dicophane in1996.Its reintroduction together with artemisinin based combination therapy for treating malaria brought the disease back under control. 11Dicophane, a "dirty word" in the malaria world, must surely be reintroduced into the conversation on rolling back malaria.The ball is now in the donors' court.Raising serious money to buy nets, insecticides, and effective drugs is the only way for Roll Back Malaria to get back on target.Donors must hugely increase their support for the Global Fund, which provides the best funding mechanism for the rapid procurement of malaria tools.As the health economist Jeffrey Sachs has repeatedly pointed out, when it comes to malaria "if you invest money, you get results." 12
Exercise Restrictions After Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty
Authors: John S. Hokanson, J. Carter Ralphe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)

We read with interest the study of outcomes after balloon aortic valvuloplasty recently published by Brown et al. ([1][1]), and the accompanying editorial by Rome ([2][2]). The authors have valuably demonstrated the outcome of patients who have had balloon aortic valvuloplasty and shown that sudden
Gay tobacco ads come out of the closet
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

T he examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians (the MRCP) is not easy.In fact it can be demoralising, gruelling, and expensive.The authors of this clever revision guide say that there is no better doctor than the general medical registrar who has just passed the MRCP.This is because the exam assesses a vast range of detailed medical practice at a high level.The link of experience with knowledge is tested as never before.The attainment of those four extra letters after their surname is a dream held by many eager young senior house officers.Fortunately this book is not just another revision guide.I have never read a textbook with such intelligent potential.It is a complete and structured course, designed to provide you not only with a wide variety of information but also with the relevant strategies for its application.The format is deceptively simple.As with a workbook, you start from first principles and are given comprehensive lists for each subject, and then your knowledge is tested again and again with sample exam questions.This may not sound earth shattering, but the beauty of this book is that it expounds on its basic premise by using some sensible educational theory.The intention is that you learn in many different ways and appreciate the information rather than just memorise it.The book uses several tools: historical vignettes, mnemonics, pictures, poems, puzzles, tables, and equations.They all reinforce the facts and-dare I say it-make all this arduous learning enjoyable.And that it is humorous and well written makes it all the more useful.Although its structure and execution are sound, this book may still leave you wanting more; even the authors admit that you will need more textbooks than this slim volume for a complete and rounded MRCP education.However, as someone who is still studying, I have no hesitation in recommending this book.
Polymeric controlled release of dexamethasone in normal rat brain
Authors: Carla S. Reinhard, Michael L. Radomsky, W.Mark Saltzman, John Hilton, Henry Brem
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1991)

Controlled release polymeric implants may improve delivery of anti-edema agents to the central nervous system. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrices containing dexamethasone (35% w/w) were implanted either intracranially or intraperitoneally in Fisher 344 rats. Selective extraction and high performance liquid chromatography were used to quantify tissue concentrations after implantation of the drug-loaded polymer or intraperitoneal injection of an equivalent dose. Dexamethasone was detected in brain for up to 21 days after intracranial polymer implantation, with peak levels of 4.0 ± 0.7 ωg/g tissue measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Concentrations in the contralateral hemisphere and peripheral circulation were measurable for the first 12 h only (peak level at 1 h of 0.5 ± 0.2 ωg/g in the contralateral hemisphere). By contrast, intraperitoneal bolus administration of dexamethasone in control animals resulted in minimal brain levels (peak at 1 h of 0.8 ± 0.4 ωg/g) and very high plasma levels (peak at 4 h of 23.6 ± 6.0 ωg/g). No drug was detected in the brains of animals with intraperitoneal dexamethasone-EVAc implants. Measured dexamethasone concentrations were compared to a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The experimental results are best described by assuming diffusion-limited release of dexamethasone from the polymer (characteristic release constant of 0.5 ωg h−12) and first order drug elimination (half-life of 16 h).
Pharmacological Principles and Practice
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<b>Review of Medical Pharmacology,</b>by Frederick H. Meyers, Ernest Jawetz, and Alan Goldfein, 688 pp, with illus, paper, $8, Los Altos, Calif: Lange Medical Publications, 1968. New textbooks in pharmacology need some gimmick to compete successfully for the reader's attention and dollars against the entrenched encyclopedias such as Goodman and Gilman. Paton and Payne's purpose is not very clear. The short text would suggest that they had in mind a truncated version of the larger texts. The liberal use of illustrative figures and photographs derived from clinical experiments or treatment situations indicates a welcome attempt to make a textbook of pharmacology more clinically relevant than most. Unfortunately, the purpose, whatever it was, does not come off. All chapters except the first bear the phrase "control of," a format that leads to chaotic disorganization. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are included under "Control of Pain," while such diffuse topics as anaphylaxis, antihistamines, and