tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in 61-Year-Old Men With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes and Established Diabetes
Authors: Vilborg Sigurdardottir, Björn Fagerberg, Johannes Hulthe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis and underlying mechanisms in men with newly diagnosed diabetes and established diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In a population-based study of 61-year-old Caucasian men (n = 271) with established diabetes (n = 50) and newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 197), standard risk factors and highly sensitive (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Ultrasound measurements of intima-media thickness (IMT) were performed bilaterally in the common carotid artery, and a composite measure was calculated from common carotid and carotid bulb IMT (composite IMT). The plaque status was assessed. RESULTS—Composite IMT and carotid plaque size increased gradually among the healthy control subjects, newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and established diabetic patients (P for trend ≤0.001, respectively). CRP was higher in newly and established diabetes (NS between diabetes groups) compared with healthy control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Total cholesterol levels were lower in newly diagnosed diabetes (5.51 ± 1.13 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and established diabetes (5.45 ± 1.15 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01) compared with those of healthy control subjects (5.77 ± 1.03 mmol/l). In men with diabetes (n = 74), diabetes onset status (newly diagnosed versus established), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and serum triglycerides, but not CRP, explained 16% of the variance in composite IMT. CONCLUSIONS—This is the first study to show increased preclinical atherosclerotic changes (IMT and plaque size) and increased inflammation (hs-CRP) in men with newly diagnosed diabetes as well as in patients with established diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. WHR, diabetes onset status (newly diagnosed versus established), and triglycerides, but not CRP, were independent correlates of carotid artery IMT in men with diabetes.
A STUDY OF THE END-RESULTS OF THE BALDY-WEBSTER OPERATION
Authors: JOHN OSBORNA POLAK
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In this brief paper, which is based on a personal experienceover 400 cases, I shll attempt to draw conclu sionssionsend-resultend-res of the tion. <h3>THE NCIPLES OOFUTERINE SUPPORT</h3> The uterus is a freely movable organ and is suspended in the pelvis between the abdominal cavity and the pelvic floor by the harharmoniousl of its supports; that pp The pelvic loor. The adjacent pelvic organs. The retentive power of the abdominal cavity dominal cavity (intra-abdominal pressure). Thentseveral l Finally,normal relation which the uterine axis bears to the axis of the vagina. The axis of the uterus with the bladder and rectum moderately full conforms with the axis of the pelvis, and is nearly at a right angle with that of the vagina. With the bladder empty, the axis of the vagina is of the vagina zontaluns almost directly backward, while the uterus is directed forward at an acute angle. Normally, the fundus
Liver X receptor-activating ligands modulate renal and intestinal sodium–phosphate transporters
Authors: Yupanqui A. Caldas, Hector Giral, Michael A. Cortázar, Eileen Sutherland, Kayo Okamura, Judith Blaine, Victor Sorribas, Hermann Koepsell, Moshe Levi
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Genetic Basis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Restrictive Phenotype
Authors: Toru Kubo, Juan R. Gimeno, Ajay Bahl, Ulla Steffensen, Morten Steffensen, Eyman Osman, Rajesh Thaman, Jens Mogensen, Perry M. Elliott, Yoshinori Doi, William J. McKenna
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Drug-Induced Hyperglycemia
Authors: Beatriz Luna
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can we improve the negative predictive value of faecal calprotectin for the diagnosis of IBS in primary care?
Authors: R. Zayyat, R. N. Appleby, R. P. H. Logan
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent data has established faecal calprotectin (FC) as a highly sensitive and specific test for detecting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients referred to secondary care.1 Computer modelling has shown that the high negative predictive value (NPV) could be used to support the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in primary care, and that, after Bayesian analysis, the NPV could be increased further with higher 'cut off' of FC.2 <h3>Aim</h3> This observational cohort study aims to test this hypothesis. <h3>Study population</h3> All patients with a borderline FC result (50–100 mg/f) from May 2005 to 2009. Patient data were cross referenced to electronic patient records, radiology (PACS), endoscopy and histology data sets using SnomedCT codes (T655260, TT67000-68930) to Oct 2010. Exclusion criteria: previous IBD diagnosis, &lt;16 year at study entry or a previous FC results &gt;150 mg/f. <h3>Primary end point</h3> Diagnosis of IBD by standard clinical criteria during follow-up <h3>Results</h3> From 5943 patients within the entire faecal calprotectin dataset, 433 (7%) were between the values of 50–100 mg/f and met the inclusion criteria. Of 433 (62% female, median age 48 year, range 18–90 and 60% aged &lt;55 year) diarrhoea (56%) and alarm symptoms (11%) were the most frequent indications for testing. The majority of patients were also consequently investigated by lower GI endoscopy (n=230, 53%), or radiology (abdominal CT or MRI, n=112, 26%) and 66 (15%) had both tests. Endoscopic biopsies were taken in 104/230 (45%) procedures, but which in only 10 patients confirmed a diagnosis of IBD. In all 10 patients the pretest probability of IBD was high, and in 9/10 a repeat FC had increased (median rise 35mg/f) in contrast to the other 52 patients with a repeat test, for who values remained the same (± 15 mg/f) or fell. During a total of 1513 patient years follow-up none of the remaining 423 patients were diagnosed with IBD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These observational data confirm the hypothesis that the NPV of a FC test can be safely increased by raising the cut off from 50 to 100 mg/f. The results also demonstrate the potential impact of additional resource use arising from investigation of borderline FC results if the NPV is not maximised for its use in primary care. A strategy of repeat FC testing may be useful for patients with borderline results in whom the diagnosis of IBS is suspected by their GP.
RHEUMATOID FACTOR, COMPLEMENT, AND CONGLUTININ ABERRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS*
Authors: Ralph C. Williams, Henry G. Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Subacute bacterial endocarditis produces in man a complex situation of interaction of host and invading organism.Little is known of anti- body response or of the specific mechanisms of immunity involved during the inception, course, and recovery from subacute bacterial endocarditis, although observations on streptococcal agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies have been made by numerous workers (1-7).Recent ob- servations (8, 9) have indicated that animals immunized with certain, streptococcal and coliform organisms develop factors capable of agglutinating y-globulin-coated red cells and other particles.These properties indicate a similarity to rheuma- toid factors, and the possibility is raised that organisms or their products play a role in the production of rheumatoid factors in human dis- ease.A natural parallel to production of such rheumatoid factors in animals would be their occurrence in human disease states in which bac- teria are constantly fed into the circulation, as in miliary tuberculosis or subacute bacterial endo- carditis.In the present study the effect of subacute bac- terial endocarditis on the serological behavior of systems designed to react with the rheumatoid factor was examined.Preliminary observations indicated a high incidence of positive tests for rheumatoid factor in these patients.It seemed of special interest to see whether these reversed after eradication of the offending organism under therapy.The constancy and prolonged duration of these factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is well recognized (10, 11) although some observers have reported decrease in titer with remission (12).In addition, observations were also made on conglutinin and serum com- plement in these patients because of certain gen- eral similarities of these various factors that appear to be indirectly involved in immune phe- nomena.
655 REPRODUCIBILITY OF LIVER STIFFNESS IN CIRRHOSIS CAN AFFECT ITS ACCURACY FOR CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PORTAL HYPERTENSION DIAGNOSIS
Authors: I. Yepes, D. Rincon, C. Ripoll, A. Fernandez, A. Matilla, M.V. Catalina, M. Salcedo, J. Miranda, G. Clemente, R. Banares
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Evidence and Recommendations for Imaging Liver Fat in Children, Based on Systematic Review
Authors: Hannah I. Awai, Kimberly P. Newton, Claude B. Sirlin, Cynthia Behling, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Fatty liver is a common problem in children and increases their risk for cirrhosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Liver biopsy is the clinical standard for diagnosing and grading fatty liver. However, noninvasive imaging modalities are needed to assess liver fat in children. We performed a systematic review of studies that evaluated imaging liver fat in children.We searched PubMed for original research articles in peer-reviewed journals from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 2012, using the key words "imaging liver fat." Studies included those in English, and those performed in children from birth to 18 years of age. To be eligible for inclusion, studies were required to measure hepatic steatosis via an imaging modality and a quantitative comparator as the reference standard.We analyzed 9 studies comprising 610 children; 4 studies assessed ultrasonography and 5 studies assessed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasonography was used in the diagnosis of fatty liver with positive predictive values of 47% to 62%. There was not a consistent relationship between ultrasound steatosis score and the reference measurement of hepatic steatosis. Liver fat as measurements by MRI or by spectroscopy varied with the methodologies used. Liver fat measurements by MRI correlated with results from histologic analyses, but sample size did not allow for an assessment of diagnostic accuracy.Available evidence does not support the use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis or grading of fatty liver in children. Although MRI is a promising approach, the data are insufficient to make evidence-based recommendations regarding its use in children for the assessment of hepatic steatosis.
MicroRNA-29a-c decrease fasting blood glucose levels by negatively regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis
Authors: Jichao Liang, Changzheng Liu, Aijun Qiao, Ying Cui, Huabing Zhang, Anfang Cui, Shutian Zhang, Yanli Yang, Xinhua Xiao, Yong Chen, Fude Fang, Yongsheng Chang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Antipsychotic prescribing in care homes
Authors: C. E Bowman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Antipsychotic prescription in care homes1 2shows a lack of understanding of the needs of residents and inadequate systems for the healthcare support of people in care homes generally.

There are now some three care home beds for every “NHS” establishment bed (all specialties) in England; a high proportion of these provide refuge and care for people with mental …
CASE OF RECURRENT HEADACHE. EACH ATTACK BEING RELIEVED BY THE DISCHARGE THROUGH RIGHT NOSTRIL OF A FLUID FROM THE CRANIAL CAVITY.
Authors: W. SCHEPPEGRELL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The case which I report is so unusual that I am unable to find a similar instance in the records of medical literature. The case is one of recurrent headaches of a most violent character, each paroxysm continuing until relieved by the discharge of a watery fluid from the right nostril. The following is the interesting history of this case: Sister M. J., a member of a holy order, suffering from deafness and an affection of the throat, was referred to me in January, 1893. While treating these conditions, from which the patient soon recovered, she called my attention to the repeated headaches from which she suffered, and to the fact that they were relieved by the discharge of a straw-colored fluid from the nostrils. In February, 1885, the patient suffered from a most agonizing headache, which persisted in spite of the efforts of several physicians The pain at times
Plasmapheresis to be tried in systemic lupus
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In a seven-year, multicenter trial that is just getting under way, plasmapheresis will be used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Edmund J. Lewis, MD, professor of medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, is principal investigator. He told a recent American Heart Association (AHA) seminar at Seabrook Island, SC, that the effectiveness of plasmapheresis will be compared with that of such standard drugs as prednisone and cyclophosphamide. The study is expected to involve about 200 patients, and the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIADDKD) has granted $2 million for the first three years. So far, 18 SLE patients have been treated with plasmapheresis at Rush, and three of them have died. Nonetheless, Lewis told the seminar: "The initial experience indicates that you can interrupt the disease process effectively and decrease its effects immediately, probably in a way that is more effective than other forms of
Timing of Antioxidant Vitamin Ingestion Alters Postprandial Proatherogenic Serum Markers
Authors: Mary F. Carroll, David S. Schade
Journal: Circulation (2003)

This study was designed to determine the optimal timing of vitamins E and C to prevent oxidative stress induced by a high-fat evening meal in type 2 diabetes.Eleven subjects were admitted on 4 occasions. Euglycemia was maintained for 24 hours by insulin infusion. Participants were fed a high-fat test supper equivalent to a McDonald's Big Mac Meal. Blood was drawn for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and total radical antioxidant parameter (TRAP) before and during the 4 hours after the test meal. Studies were performed in random sequence with vitamin E 800 IU and vitamin C 1 g given either before breakfast or before supper in a double-blind manner on the day of the test meal. Control studies were performed with no vitamins and no test meal administered. There was a significant rise in CRP and PAI-1 after the test supper (P<0.05 compared with "no meal"). Either presupper or prebreakfast vitamins E and C prevented the meal-induced rise in CRP (P=0.03), although presupper vitamins were more effective (P=0.03 compared with prebreakfast vitamins). Only prebreakfast vitamins prevented the meal-induced rise in PAI-1 (P=0.006). There were no significant meal-related changes in the concentrations of IL-6, MDA, or TRAP.The timing of administration of antioxidant vitamins has variable effects on markers of meal-induced inflammation and fibrinolysis. This observation may be one reason why cardiovascular disease prevention trials using these vitamins have reported conflicting results.
Pressure mounts for global moratorium on use of the death penalty by 2015
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

More than one thousand delegates and human rights experts have called for a global moratorium on death penalty executions by 2015, with a view to eventually achieving a universal ban on capital punishment.

The declaration, which was made at the end of the three day 4th World Congress Against the Death Penalty in Geneva, also stated there was an “urgent need” to intensify efforts in the courts, governments, and international organisations to continue to encourage retentionist countries to scrap the death penalty in law. 

In the meantime the declaration urges those countries that continue to use the death penalty …
Authors' reply to O'Neill and colleagues
Authors: A. Maruani, I. Boutron, G. Baron, P. Ravaud
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We confirm that for all the trials selected we extracted the email addresses of responsible parties (sponsors or principal investigators, or both) from ClinicalTrials.gov. We performed the search on 20 August 2012, and at this date a contact name and email …
Measures of performance in Scottish maternity hospitals
Authors: C. E Lennox
Journal: BMJ (1991)

against pertussis infection have been determined.Serum antibody assays merely indicate that a subject has or has not responded to antigens considered to be important and allows comparison between groups of subjects at various times after vaccination or in response to different schedules.We believe that this is a valid approach when the same whole cell vaccine is used for each group.
Rationing Resources While Improving Quality
Authors: Robert L. Wears
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The description by Dr Eddy<sup>1</sup>of how we might "help patients understand the consequences of a limited resource pool and the need to be fair" conflicts with the idea of informed consent and full patient participation in decision making. This conflict needs to be addressed explicitly if we are to make any headway in reducing the rate of increase in costs. Eddy suggests that as physicians guide patients toward accepting collectively better but individually worse options that "in most cases there will be no need to say anything at all. In other cases the explanation might be, 'Well, for patients like you the appropriate approach is....'" While many (including me) agree with Eddy's position that it is not unethical to weigh economic costs against health benefit,<sup>2</sup>his recommendation that physicians should simply fail to mention the existence of a therapeutic alternative (offering greater benefit but
Pathogenic and protective correlates of T cell proliferation in AIDS. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center.
Authors: R D Schrier, C A Wiley, C Spina, J A McCutchan, I Grant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To investigate the association of antigen specific CD4 T cell activation with HIV disease progression and AIDS-related central nervous system damage, T cell proliferation responses to HIV, CMV, and HSV were evaluated in infected individuals. CD4 T cell loss and neurocognitive impairment were assessed at 6-mo intervals. Individuals with known times of seroconversion who responded to more HIV peptides were at greater risk of progressing to < 200 CD4 T cells (P = 0.04) and dying (P = 0.03) than those with responses to fewer peptides. A positive correlation (0.52) was seen between the breadth of the HIV proliferation response and HIV plasma RNA levels. Higher proliferation responses to CMV and HSV were also associated with more rapid CD4 loss (P = 0.05). HLA phenotyped individuals (n = 150) with two HLA-DR alleles associated with response to more HIV peptides and CMV (DR-2,5,w6,10) were less likely to develop neurocognitive (P = 0.002) and neurologic impairment (P = 0.04), but were not protected from CD4 loss and death. Thus, the ability to generate a greater T cell proliferation response to HIV and opportunistic herpes viruses may lead to resistance to central nervous system damage, but also risk of more rapid HIV disease progression.
A natural canine homologue of alopecia areata in humans
Authors: D.J. Tobin, S.H. Gardner, P.B. Luther, S.M. Dunston, N.J. Lindsey, T. Olivry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Alopecia areata (AA) is suspected to be an autoimmune disease directed preferentially against hair follicles (HF) affecting both humans and various mammalian species. Recently, two rodent models of AA were described, namely the ageing C3H/HeJ mouse and the DEBR rat. Despite several case reports of canine AA in the literature, there has been no systematic assessment of the disease in these companion animals, and it is also not known whether dogs with AA could be useful as an outbred homologue of this disease in humans.To evaluate the clinical, histopathological and immunopathological features of 25 dogs with AA and compare these data with those found in the human disease.Twenty-five client-owned dogs exhibiting macroscopic alopecia with peri- or intrabulbar lymphocytic infiltrates were selected for study. Biopsies and sera were obtained and assessed by histopathology, direct immunofluorescence of immunoreactant deposition, immunohistochemistry for lymphocyte markers, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analysis of circulating serum IgG, selective immunoprecipitation of HF proteins by serum IgG, and passive transfer of purified canine IgG into naïve C57BL/10 mice.Clinical signs including alopecia, skin hyperpigmentation and leucotrichia usually developed during adulthood and were first seen on the face, followed by the forehead, ears and legs. Spontaneous remission of alopecia occurred in 60% of dogs and regrowing hair shafts were often non-pigmented. Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens revealed peri- and intrabulbar mononuclear cell infiltrates affecting almost exclusively anagen HF. Direct immunofluorescence analysis detected HF-specific IgG in 73% of dogs, while indirect immunofluorescence revealed circulating IgG autoantibodies to the HF inner and outer root sheaths, matrix and precortex. Immunoblotting analysis revealed IgG reactivity to proteins in the 45-60 kDa molecular weight range and with a 200-220 kDa doublet. The latter was identified as trichohyalin by selective immunoprecipitation. Purified HF-reactive IgG, pooled from AA-affected dogs, was injected intradermally to the anagen skin of naïve mice where it was associated with the local retention of HFs in an extended telogen phase in AA-treated skin compared with that seen in controls.These findings are very similar to those reported for human AA patients; therefore, they support the consideration of dogs with AA as a useful homologue for the study of the pathogenesis of this common autoimmune disease of humans.