tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Seoyoung C Kim, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert J Glynn, Michael Doherty, Allison B Goldfine, Daniel H Solomon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), also known as CD26, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has a costimulatory function in the immune response. DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are oral glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases (AD) such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, associated with DPP4i in patients with T2DM. <h3>Methods</h3> Using US insurance claims data (2005–2012), we conducted a population-based cohort study that included initiators of combination therapy with DPP4i (DPP4i plus metformin) and non-DPP4i (non-DPP4i plus metformin). RA and other AD were identified with ≥2 diagnoses <i>and</i> ≥1 dispensing for AD-specific immunomodulating drugs or steroids. Composite AD includes RA or other AD. Propensity score (PS)-stratified Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk of AD in DPP4i initiators versus non-DPP4i, controlling for potential confounders. <h3>Results</h3> After asymmetric trimming on the PS, 73 928 patients with T2DM starting DPP4i combination therapy and 163 062 starting non-DPP4i combination therapy were selected. Risks of incident RA and composite AD were lower in the DPP4i group versus non-DPP4i with the PS-stratified HR of 0.66 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.99) for RA, 0.73 (0.51 to 1.03) for other AD and 0.68 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.89) for composite AD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large cohort of diabetic patients, those initiating DPP4i combination therapy appear to have a decreased risk of incident AD including RA compared with those initiating non-DPP4i combination therapy. These results may suggest possible pharmacological pathways for prevention or treatment of AD.
Isolation of a complementary DNA clone for thyroid microsomal antigen. Homology with the gene for thyroid peroxidase.
Authors: P Seto, H Hirayu, R P Magnusson, J Gestautas, L Portmann, L J DeGroot, B Rapoport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The thyroid microsomal antigen (MSA) in autoimmune thyroid disease is a protein of approximately 107 kD. We screened a human thyroid cDNA library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11 with anti-107-kD monoclonal antibodies. Of five clones obtained, the recombinant beta-galactosidase fusion protein from one clone (PM-5) was confirmed to react with the monoclonal antiserum. The complementary DNA (cDNA) insert from PM-5 (0.8 kb) was used as a probe on Northern blot analysis to estimate the size of the mRNA coding for the MSA. The 2.9-kb messenger RNA (mRNA) species observed was the same size as that coding for human thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The probe did not bind to human liver mRNA, indicating the thyroid-specific nature of the PM-5-related mRNA. The nucleotide sequence of PM-5 (842 bp) was determined and consisted of a single open reading frame. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of PM-5 with that presently available for pig TPO indicates 84% homology. In conclusion, a cDNA clone representing part of the microsomal antigen has been isolated. Sequence homology with porcine TPO, as well as identity in the size of the mRNA species for both the microsomal antigen and TPO, indicate that the microsomal antigen is, at least in part, TPO.
Air pollution and seasonal asthma during the pollen season. A cohort study in Puertollano and Ciudad Real (Spain)
Authors: F. Feo Brito, P. Mur Gimeno, C. Martínez, A. Tobías, L. Suárez, F. Guerra, J. M Borja, A. M Alonso
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Many studies have demonstrated a positive association between air pollutants and emergency visits for asthma. However, few studies have included pollen when analysing this relationship in mild–moderate asthmatic patients. Objective: To determine the importance of the pollutants such as ozone (O 3 ), particles (PM 10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the clinical course of mild–moderate pollen‐allergic asthmatic patients from two Spanish towns in La Mancha: Puertollano (high pollution levels) and Ciudad Real (low pollution levels). Methods: We used a Poisson regression model to study a cohort of 137 patients from Puertollano and Ciudad Real during two pollen seasons (2000–2001) and analysed the relationship between air pollutant and pollen levels and daily symptoms, the medication used and peak‐flow measurements. Results: The number of asthma symptoms and the mean values of the PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 levels were higher in Puertollano than in Ciudad Real. In Puertollano, the risk of asthma increased by 6% with a 3‐day lag for PM 10 , by 8% with a 3‐day lag for O 3 , by 4% with a 1‐day lag for SO 2 and by 15% with a 3‐day lag for O 3 when its values exceeded the health threshold ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The air pollution levels in Puertollano were associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms in pollen‐allergic asthmatic patients com pared with a similar group from Ciudad Real.
Ethical Challenges Posed by Zidovudine Treatment to Reduce Vertical Transmission of HIV
Authors: Ronald Bayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In February 1994 the Data and Safety Monitoring Board of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases recommended the interruption of a clinical trial designed to determine whether the administration of zidovudine to pregnant women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to their newborns could reduce the rate of vertical viral transmission. Given the responsibilities of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board, there was no alternative. The difference in the rate of transmission between those receiving zidovudine and those receiving placebo was statistically significant (P = 0.00006). Women who received zidovudine had a transmission rate of 8.3 . . .
Trends in sexual behaviour and risk factors for HIV infection among homosexual men, 1984-7.
Authors: B. A. Evans, K. A. McLean, S. G. Dawson, S. A. Teece, R. A. Bond, K. D. MacRae, R. W. Thorp
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess whether the spread of infection with HIV can be reduced by changes in behaviour among groups most at risk because of their sexual practices sexual behaviour was monitored among 1050 homosexual men tested for HIV infection at a genitourinary medicine clinic in west London from November 1984 to September 1987. Four cohorts, defined by date of presentation, were studied by questionnaire at their presentation, and blood samples were analysed. Between the first and last cohorts there was a considerable fall in the proportion reporting casual relationships (291/329 (88%) v 107/213 (50%] and high risk activities, such as anoreceptive intercourse with casual partners (262/291 (90%) v 74/106 (70%], with the greatest changes occurring before the government information campaign began in 1986. Nevertheless, half of the men in the last cohort studied reported having casual partners. Multiple logistic regression showed that behavioural risk factors for HIV infection most closely resembled those for hepatitis B and that previous sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, hepatitis B, and anogenital herpes) were themselves independent risk factors. A history of syphilis ranked above anoreceptive intercourse as the strongest predictor of HIV infection. Actively bisexual men showed a much lower prevalence of HIV infection (3/57, 5%) than exclusively homosexual men (113/375, 30%). Sexual behaviour among homosexual men changed during the period studied, and the incidence of HIV infection fell, although more education programmes directed at homosexual men are needed to re-emphasise the dangers of infection.
The Double Iatrogenic Hazard
Authors: Raphael Adar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Three case reports<sup>1-3</sup>on iatrogenic injuries in a single recent issue may be coincidental, but they certainly catch the eye of a longtime iatrogenic-complication watcher like myself. While iatrogenic mishaps are often unusual, even piquant, the "message" of a single case report, though important, is usually limited. A systematic study of iatrogenic afflictions is, however, more instructive, and recent clinical literature does indeed try to define predisposing factors, possible mechanisms, and general safeguards. From a long interest in iatrogenic problems in surgical patients,<sup>4,5</sup>we have made some observations that cannot always be documented in a scientific manner, yet may be important in the attempt to cut down on the incidence of iatrogenic complications. For instance, we have noticed that an error in judgment or an unindicated procedure appear more likely to lead to an iatrogenic complication, and there is a tendency for this to happen
Alpha-chain Disease with Pulmonary Manifestations
Authors: A Florin-Christensen, D. Doniach, P. B. Newcomb
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A case of alpha-chain disease of the pulmonary type is described in a man presenting with dyspnoea, mottling on chest x-ray picture, and a CO-transfer factor of 36%, suggestive of fibrosing alveolitis. The serum IgA consisted entirely of abnormal alpha chains devoid of light chains. This protein had the unusual property of reacting by immunofluorescence with rat mitochondria but not with human issues or with those of other species. Postmortem examination showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes with no evidence of malignancy or fibrosing alveolitis.
Replication of signals from recent studies of Crohn's disease identifies previously unknown disease loci for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Andre Franke, Tobias Balschun, Tom H Karlsen, Jürgen Hedderich, Sandra May, Tim Lu, Dörthe Schuldt, Susanna Nikolaus, Philip Rosenstiel, Michael Krawczak, Stefan Schreiber
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
CD1a+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐positive cells in Bowen’s disease
Authors: H. Duan, T. Koga, T. Masuda, T. Mashino, S. Imafuku, H. Terao, Y. Murakami, K. Urabe, H. Kiryu, M. Furue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Bowen’s disease (BD) is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that rarely invades into the underlying dermis. However, little is known about its immunohistology. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between the cytological properties of the tumour cells in BD and the host immune response. Methods We examined the expression of p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 antigen, and the number of mitotic cells, together with the number of intratumoral and dermal infiltrating CD1a+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA)+ cells in 18 cases of genital BD. Results When compared with normal genital skin (n = 10), there was a significantly higher number of mitotic cells as well as higher expression of p53+, PCNA+ and Ki67+ cells in BD. There was significant mutual correlation between CD3+, CD4+ and CD68+ cells in the tumoral epidermis. The number of CD1a+ Langerhans cells significantly decreased in BD epidermis; however, dermal CD1a+ cells were increased. Interestingly, numbers of dermal CD1a+ cells significantly correlated with those of intratumoral CD3+, CD4+ and CD68+ cells. In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) demonstrated that HPV‐infected BD had significantly less infiltration of intratumoral CD3+ cells and CLA+ cells. Conclusions The present data suggest that dermal CD1a+ cells may participate in the immune surveillance and that HPV infection may interfere with the intratumoral infiltration of CLA+ cells in BD.
Indium-111 Ibritumomab Demonstration of Extremity Involvement in Transformed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Yttrium-90 ibritumomab is a recent option in the therapeutic armamentarium for follicular, indolent, or transformed malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its administration depends on the normal biodistribution of indium-111 ibritumomab on whole-body scintigraphy. Although tumor assessment with an indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody is not an absolute necessity, biodistribution imaging may show extranodal soft tissue involvement of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A case with an upper extremity lesion is presented in correlation with magnetic resonance examination.
Pretreatment Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Predicting Metastatic Spread in Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: HARMAR D. BRERETON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

We measured serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in 36 patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma before treatment. The results were evaluated to determine if the levels served as a prognostic indicator for metastatic spread. After adjusting for primary site of disease and adjuvant chemotherapy, the pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase proved an extremely good predictor of which patients would ultimately develop metastatic disease. The median serum lactate dehydrogenase of the total group was between 201 and 214 IU/litre. Three of 18 patients presenting with serum levels of this enzyme of less than or equal to 201 IU/litre ultimately developed metastases, while 16 of 18 patients who presented with serum levels of greater than or equal to 214 IU/litre developed metastases (P less than 0.001).
Future of cardiothoracic surgery.
Authors: T A English
Journal: Thorax (1979)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To delineate urine biomarkers that forecast response to therapy of lupus nephritis (LN). <h3>Methods.</h3> Starting from the time of kidney biopsy, patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus who were diagnosed with LN were studied serially. Levels of 15 biomarkers were measured in random spot urine samples, including adiponectin, α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), ceruloplasmin, hemopexin, hepcidin, kidney injury molecule 1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, lipocalin-like prostaglandin D synthase (LPGDS), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), transferrin, and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). <h3>Results.</h3> Among 87 patients (mean age 15.6 yrs) with LN, there were 37 treatment responders and 50 nonresponders based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. At the time of kidney biopsy, levels of TGF-β (p &lt; 0.0001) and ceruloplasmin (p = 0.006) were significantly lower among responders than nonresponders; less pronounced differences were present for AGP, hepcidin, LPGDS, transferrin, and VDBP (all p &lt; 0.05). By Month 3, responders experienced marked decreases of adiponectin, AGP, transferrin, and VDBP (all p &lt; 0.01) and mean levels of these biomarkers were all outstanding (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve ≥ 0.9) for discriminating responders from nonresponders. Patient demographics and extrarenal disease did not influence differences in biomarker levels between response groups. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Low urine levels of TGF-β and ceruloplasmin at baseline and marked reduction of AGP, LPGDS, transferrin, or VDBP and combinations of other select biomarkers by Month 3 are outstanding predictors for achieving remission of LN. If confirmed, these results can be used to help personalize LN therapy.
Noninvasive recording of His-Purkinje activity in patients with complete atrioventricular block. Clinical application of an "automated discrimination circuit".
Authors: H Takeda, K Kitamura, T Takanashi, T Tokuoka, H Hamamoto, T Katoh, I Niki, Y Hishimoto
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In seven patients with complete atrioventricular (AV) block, His bundle electrograms (HBEs), standard ECG recordings, bipolar esophageal ECGs and highly amplified, filtered, bipolar chest lead ECGs were simultaneously recorded. The filtered chest lead ECG was averaged to determine His-Purkinje activity (HPA). A simplified device, the "automated discrimination circuit," was used to selectively eliminate the superimposed atrial and ventricular potentials that are characteristic of complete AV block and unsuitable for signal averaging. The processed chest lead ECG was amenable to conventional techniques of signal averaging. In four patients with block proximal to the AV node diagnosed by HBE, there was no activity after the P wave in the surface-averaged ECGs. HPA was consistently recorded before the QRS in the surface-averaged ECG. The measurements of the HV and HPA-V intervals were very close, with a difference of less than 2 msec. Three patients with block distal to the His bundle by HBE showed a loss of electrical potential before the QRS in the surface-averaged ECG, but had a consistent HPA after the P waves. The P-HPA intervals coincided well with PH intervals, with a maximal difference of 5 msec.
The medicine, angioplasty, or surgery study (MASS II registry): A comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic patient's outcome in medical therapy, coronary angioplasty, and bypass surgery during the first year follow-up
Authors: Paulo R. Soares, Whady Hueb, Bernard J. Gersh, Desiderio Favarato, Luiz M. Cesar, Protasio L. Luz, Sergio A. Oliveira, Jose F. Ramires
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
ANTIBODY LEVELS ACHIEVED IN INFANTS BY COURSE OF HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B POLYSACCHARIDE/DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE
Authors: Juhani Eskola, Heikki Peltola, P.Helena Mäkelä, Helena Käyhty, Viena Karanko, Joel Samuelson, LanceK Gordon
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Gender differences in the development of hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis in hybrid hamsters
Authors: Sander J. Robins, Joan M. Fasulo, George M. Patton, Ernst J. Schaefer, Donald E. Smith, Jose M. Ordovas
Journal: Metabolism (1995)

In response to a diet enriched in saturated fat and cholesterol (CH), male Syrian hamsters develop hyperlipemia and changes of early atherosclerosis. However, it has not been determined if female hamsters are equally susceptible to an atherogenic diet. Male and female hamsters of the F1B hybrid strain (Bio Breeders, Fitchburg, MA) were fed either a chow diet or this diet (HiFat) with added saturated fat (10% coconut oil) and CH (0.05%) for up to 12 weeks. Female hamsters ate significantly more than males, and with the HiFat diet gained threefold more weight than males. However, with the HiFat diet, serum triglycerides (TGs) and CH were markedly increased only in male hamsters. Furthermore, only in males was there a significant increase in stainable fat in the aorta that corresponded to an increase in subintimal foam cells. In freely feeding males, the largest percentage increase in serum CH was in the TG-rich fraction of lipoproteins. After females were castrated, serum TG and CH levels increased to the same extent as in males. These studies demonstrate a profound gender difference in response to an atherogenic diet in these hamsters that has parallels to the lipid patterns of humans and their susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for patients with renal insufficiency.
Authors: G N Olinger, L D Hutchinson, L I Bonchek
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to preserve renal function and could therefore have considerable clinical value in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative renal insufficiency, by protecting them from further postoperative renal deterioration. Our three-year experience with pulsatile bypass in 29 patients with a preoperative serum creatinine concentration over 1.7 mg/100 ml (mean 2.9, range 1.8-6.1 mg/100 ml) (greater than 150 mumol/l (mean 256, range 159-539 mumol/l] supports this premise. There were no renal deaths in the perioperative period and only two patients had irreversible postoperative deterioration in renal function; one died on day 3 of low-output syndrome and the other had rapidly progressive nephrosclerosis and died of that disease one year later. Postoperative oliguria occurred in the patient with low cardiac output and in only one other. This experience contrasts with our previous experience and that reported by others with non-pulsatile bypass in patients with renal insufficiency. We suggest that pulsatile bypass should be considered for cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction.
Sociodemographic patterning of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural India: a cross sectional study
Authors: S. Kinra, L. J. Bowen, T. Lyngdoh, D. Prabhakaran, K. S. Reddy, L. Ramakrishnan, R. Gupta, A. V. Bharathi, M. Vaz, A. V. Kurpad, G. D. Smith, Y. Ben-Shlomo, S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate the sociodemographic patterning of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural India. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b> About 1600 villages from 18 states in India. Most were from four large states due to a convenience sampling strategy. <b>Participants</b> 1983 (31% women) people aged 20–69 years (49% response rate). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Prevalence of tobacco use, alcohol use, low fruit and vegetable intake, low physical activity, obesity, central adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and underweight. <b>Results</b> Prevalence of most risk factors increased with age. Tobacco and alcohol use, low intake of fruit and vegetables, and underweight were more common in lower socioeconomic positions; whereas obesity, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes (men only) and hypertension (women only) were more prevalent in higher socioeconomic positions. For example, 37% (95% CI 30% to 44%) of men smoked tobacco in the lowest socioeconomic group compared with 15% (12% to 17%) in the highest, while 35% (30% to 40%) of women in the highest socioeconomic group were obese compared with 13% (7% to 19%) in the lowest. The age standardised prevalence of some risk factors was: tobacco use (40% (37% to 42%) men, 4% (3% to 6%) women); low fruit and vegetable intake (69% (66% to 71%) men, 75% (71% to 78%) women); obesity (19% (17% to 21%) men, 28% (24% to 31%) women); dyslipidaemia (33% (31% to 36%) men, 35% (31% to 38%) women); hypertension (20% (18% to 22%) men, 22% (19% to 25%) women); diabetes (6% (5% to 7%) men, 5% (4% to 7%) women); and underweight (21% (19% to 23%) men, 18% (15% to 21%) women). Risk factors were generally more prevalent in south Indians compared with north Indians. For example, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 21% (17% to 33%) in north Indian men compared with 33% (29% to 38%) in south Indian men, while the prevalence of obesity was 13% (9% to 17%) in north Indian women compared with 24% (19% to 30%) in south Indian women. <b>Conclusions</b> The prevalence of most risk factors was generally high across a range of sociodemographic groups in this sample of rural villagers in India; in particular, the prevalence of tobacco use in men and obesity in women was striking. However, given the limitations of the study (convenience sampling design and low response rate), cautious interpretation of the results is warranted. These data highlight the need for careful monitoring and control of non-communicable disease risk factors in rural areas of India.
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Authors: William V. Dolan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on chorionic villus sampling omits one significant consideration.<sup>1</sup>Diagnostic information that indicates a genetic disorder places the affected fetus at high risk of an induced abortion. What is safe for the mother may portend ill for the unborn.