tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation and Breast Cancer
Authors: Lester Kalisher, Robert A. Greenes
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  We found the observations in Simon's article, Breast Cancer Induced by Radiation (237:789-790, 1977), to be quite interesting. Unfortunately his conclusions are not supported by the data. Specifically we would point out the following:   The article ignores basic statistical and epidemiologic concepts in attributing breast cancer in 16 patients to prior irradiation for acne. We are not provided any denominator data to determine a population at risk, ie, those patients treated by irradiation for acne. Important questions are raised. From how large a breast cancer population were the 16 study cases extracted in this retrospective review, and how did they compare with the expected age-adjusted number of breast cancers in this group? How many women with acne were treated with chest irradiation, and how many breast cancers arose in that group, as compared with the nonirradiated group with acne? In other words, how many women treated
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus conventional transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: D. Park, S. Lee, S.-H. Moon, S. Choi, S. Jung, D. Seo, S. Lee, M.-H. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de D. H. Park et al., pp. 842Endoscopy 2009; 41(10): 921-921DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306750
NICE calls for better education on sex and alcohol in schools
Authors: P. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

All children should receive high quality education about sex, relationships, and alcohol from primary school onwards, according to draft public health guidance.

A programme of personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education delivered by trained teachers will help children evaluate risk, enable them to recognise and avoid abuse, and equip them with the confidence to make healthy and safe choices, says draft guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

The guidance recommends that schools involve parents when developing policies on social and health issues. It adds that parents should be reassured that sex education does not increase the likelihood that children …
Thousands suffer in China's blizzards
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Weeks of severe snowstorms in China have left more than 16000 herdsmen suffering from frostbite and 9000 with snowblindness, according to officials in the western province of Qinghai. With temperatures plunging below -40°C, so far around 50 people have died in China's worst weather this century.

Relief efforts have been hampered by …
Structural Identification and Cardiovascular Activities of Oxidized Phospholipids
Authors: Robert G. Salomon
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Free radical-induced oxidation of membrane phospholipids generates complex mixtures of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs). The combinatorial operation of a few dozen reaction types on a few dozen phospholipid structures results in the production of a dauntingly vast diversity of oxPL molecular species. Structural identification of the individual oxPL in these mixtures is a redoubtable challenge that is absolutely essential to allow determination of the biological activities of individual species. With an emphasis on cardiovascular consequences, this Review focuses on biological activities of oxPLs whose molecular structures are known and highlights 2 diametrically opposite approaches that were used to determine those structures, that is, (1) the classic approach from bioactivity of a complex mixture to isolation and structural characterization of the active molecule followed by confirmation of the structure by unambiguous chemical synthesis and (2) hypothesis of products that are likely to be generated by lipid oxidation, followed by synthesis, and then detection in vivo guided by the availability of authentic standards, and last, characterization of biological activities. Especially important for the application of the second paradigm is the capability of LC-MS/MS and derivatizations to selectively detect and quantify specific oxPL in complex mixtures, without the need for their isolation or complete separation. This technology can provide strong evidence for identity by comparisons with pure, well-characterized samples available by chemical syntheses. Those pure samples are critical for determining the biological activities attributable to specific molecular species of oxPLs in the complex mixtures generated in vivo as a consequence of oxidative stress.
Diuretics, Mortality, and Nonrecovery of Renal Function in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Ravindra L. Mehta
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextAcute renal failure is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Diuretic agents continue to be used in this setting despite a lack of evidence supporting their benefit.ObjectiveTo determine whether the use of diuretics is associated with adverse or favorable outcomes in critically ill patients with acute renal failure.DesignCohort study conducted from October 1989 to September 1995.Patients and SettingA total of 552 patients with acute renal failure in intensive care units at 4 academic medical centers affiliated with the University of California. Patients were categorized by the use of diuretics on the day of nephrology consultation and, in companion analyses, by diuretic use at any time during the first week following consultation.Main Outcome MeasuresAll-cause hospital mortality, nonrecovery of renal function, and the combined outcome of death or nonrecovery.ResultsDiuretics were used in 326 patients (59%) at the time of nephrology consultation. Patients treated with diuretics on or before the day of consultation were older and more likely to have a history of congestive heart failure, nephrotoxic (rather than ischemic or multifactorial) origin of acute renal failure, acute respiratory failure, and lower serum urea nitrogen concentrations. With adjustment for relevant covariates and propensity scores, diuretic use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of death or nonrecovery of renal function (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.76). The risk was magnified (odds ratio, 3.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-5.62) when patients who died within the first week following consultation were excluded. The increased risk was borne largely by patients who were relatively unresponsive to diuretics.ConclusionsThe use of diuretics in critically ill patients with acute renal failure was associated with an increased risk of death and nonrecovery of renal function. Although observational data prohibit causal inference, it is unlikely that diuretics afford any material benefit in this clinical setting. In the absence of compelling contradictory data from a randomized, blinded clinical trial, the widespread use of diuretics in critically ill patients with acute renal failure should be discouraged.
The transcription factor PU.1 is required for the development of IL-9-producing T cells and allergic inflammation
Authors: Hua-Chen Chang, Sarita Sehra, Ritobrata Goswami, Weiguo Yao, Qing Yu, Gretta L Stritesky, Rukhsana Jabeen, Carl McKinley, Ayele-Nati Ahyi, Ling Han, Evelyn T Nguyen, Michael J Robertson, Narayanan B Perumal, Robert S Tepper, Stephen L Nutt, Mark H Kaplan
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES UNDER-LYING THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS ON THE BODY SURFACE
Authors: CHAUNCEY E. TENNANT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Steadily through the maze of a multiplicity of methods, there has crystallized the present treatment of surface traumatic lesions. Based on the knowledge of definite pathologic and histologic processes and confirmed by the shorter periods of disability and lessened distortion of function, modern treatment of surface injuries may be reduced to two fundamental principles:<i>moist hyperemia and the open-air treatment</i>; in other words, the use of dressing capable of giving sustained heat and moisture, or one so constructed that it will not displace the protective covering of coagulated serum, yet will protect the wound from further damage. The wide latitude of pathologic possibilities in surface lesions, varying as they do from a microscopic skin puncture attended with violent constitutional toexmia and death, on the one hand,eensive abrasions and lacerations with no constitutional manifestations on the other, has, in a measure, justified any course which has had as its result a satisfactory functional termination. Until recently, little thought was given to the individual factor of lowered
Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD.
Authors: D J Meecham Jones, E A Paul, P W Jones, J A Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Non-invasive ventilation has been used in chronic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the effect of the addition of nasal positive-pressure ventilation to long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) has not been determined. We report a randomized crossover study of the effect of the combination of nasal pressure support ventilation (NPSV) and domiciliary LTOT as compared with LTOT alone in stable hypercapnic COPD. Fourteen patients were studied, with values (mean +/- SD) of Pao2 of 45.3 +/- 5.7 mm Hg, PaCO2 of 55.8 +/- 3.6 mm Hg, and FEV1 of 0.86 +/- 0.32 L. A 4 wk run-in period (on usual therapy) was followed by consecutive 3-mo periods of: (1) oxygen therapy alone, and (2) oxygen plus NPSV in randomized order. Assessments were made during run-in and at the end of each study period. There were significant improvements in daytime arterial PaO2 and PaCO2, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and overnight PaCO2 following 3 mo of oxygen plus NPSV as compared with run-in and oxygen alone. Quality of life with oxygen plus NPSV was significantly better than with oxygen alone. The degree of improvement in daytime PaCO2 was correlated with the improvement in mean overnight PaCO2. Nasal positive-pressure ventilation may be a useful addition to LTOT in stable hypercapnic COPD.
Choice of summary statistics: relative and absolute measures
Authors: J. J. Prochaska, J. F. Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Our 2012 meta-analysis of cardiovascular related serious adverse events associated with varenicline use has had more than 12 000 online full text viewings.1 In this article we drew attention to an earlier widely publicised meta-analysis,2 which differed from ours in its outcome definition and choice of summary statistic. We restricted outcomes to treatment emergent adverse events in active and placebo arms, whereas the earlier study allowed differential outcome follow-up by arm,2 which extended beyond the …
Exercise — Toning up the Endothelium?
Authors: Joseph A. Vita, John F. Keaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Physicians generally accept the idea that exercise promotes cardiovascular health, a concept that enjoys considerable support from epidemiologic evidence. In both men1 and women,2 there is an inverse relation between the level of physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and this relation persists after control for other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Among patients with established cardiovascular disease, mortality is lower among those who participate in an exercise program than among those who do not.3 These and other data have prompted the inclusion of an exercise program in recommendations for the primary4 and secondary5 prevention of cardiovascular disease. . . .
Pleural effusion in sarcoidosis: a report of six cases.
Authors: O P Sharma, J Gordonson
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Six (4 percent) of 150 patients with sarcoidosis had a pleural effusion. A review of the literature revealed seven more patients with pleural sarcoidosis. Analysis of the 13 patients reported so far did not reveal any clinical, radiological, or laboratory feature which may be of diagnostic significance. The diagnosis of pleural sarcoidosis was based on clinical or radiographic grounds and histological evidence of noncaseating granulomata. In three of the patients pleural fluid resolved spontaneously; the other three were treated with corticosteroids. It is suggested that pleural involvement in sarcoidosis, especially in Negroes, may be more frequent than is generally realized and the effusion may occur either at the time of initial presentation or later in the course of the disease.
Detaining dangerous people with mental disorders
Authors: P. A Sugarman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Birmingham summarises the latest version of the proposed new Mental Health Act.1 I was surprised, however, that the proposals have attracted as much libertarian opposition as the several earlier announcements. The consultation document promises that now, a primary aim is to bring the law more closely into line with modern law on human rights. The government had already adopted the phrase “medical treatment” inpreference to the current “treatment in hospital” toachieve one …
High Incidence of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy in Patients With Syncope of Unknown Etiology and Inducible Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Mark S Link, Xenophon F Costeas, John L Griffith, Carol D Colburn, N.A.Mark Estes, Paul J Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Landmark perspective: The 'battered child' revisited
Authors: M. Heins
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The impact of the article "The Battered-Child Syndrome" by Drs Henry Kempe, Frederic Silverman, Brandt Steele, William Droegemueller, and Henry Silver, which appeared inThe Journalon July 7, 1962<sup>1</sup>—and the speed with which this impact was felt throughout the land —were truly astonishing. Within four years of the publication of this LANDMARK ARTICLE, all but one state had adopted child abuse reporting statutes.<sup>2</sup> Others had suspected the existence of child abuse, and a few previous articles on this subject had been published in the medical literature. Two things made this article different. First, the title. How can a nation ignore an entity called "the battered-child syndrome"? Second, the paper was submitted to the widely circulated<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>so that the majority of practicing physicians read about child abuse and the press quickly took note. This perspective will cover four topics: (1) What
Percutaneous transhepatic biliojejunal rendezvous technique for biliary obstruction with Billroth II anatomy
Authors: Umberto Rossi, Giovanni Passoni, Paolo Rigamonti, Maurizio Cariati
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 92-year-old man underwent a Billroth II procedure with isoperistaltic anastomosis for a distal gastric cancer and cholecystectomy for gallstones. On the second postoperative day, the patient began to develop signs of jaundice. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed iatrogenic common bile duct occlusion. The patient underwent an urgent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) and had an 8.5-Fr external biliary drain (Cook, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) positioned.
Monocyte procoagulant activity in glomerulonephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E H Cole, J Schulman, M Urowitz, E Keystone, C Williams, G A Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Monocyte infiltration and activation of the coagulation system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis. In this study, spontaneous procoagulant activity (PCA) was measured in circulating mononuclear cells to determine whether elevated PCA correlated with the presence of proliferative glomerulonephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No increase in PCA was found in 20 patients with end-stage renal failure, 8 patients with glomerulonephritis without SLE, and 10 patients undergoing abdominal surgical or orthopedic procedures as compared with 20 normal controls. In eight patients with SLE but with no apparent active renal disease, PCA was not elevated above normal basal levels. Seven additional patients with SLE who had only mesangial proliferation on biopsy also had no increase in PCA. In contrast, eight patients with focal or diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, and one patient with membranous nephritis who ultimately developed a proliferative lesion, had a marked increase in PCA with greater than 100 times the base-line levels. The activity was shown to originate in the monocyte fraction of the mononuclear cells and was shown to be capable of cleaving prothrombin directly. The prothrombinase activity was not Factor Xa, because it was not neutralized by anti-Factor X serum and was not inhibited by an established panel of Factor Xa inhibitors. Monocyte plasminogen activator determinations did not correlate with renal disease activity. We conclude that monocyte procoagulant activity, a direct prothrombinase, seems to correlate with endocapillary proliferation in lupus nephritis and could be a mediator of tissue injury.
ROUTINE PATCH TESTING WITH ETHER EXTRACT OF PRIMULA OBCONICA
Authors: GUN AGRUP, S. FREGERT, N. HJORTH, P. OVRUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article ROUTINE PATCH TESTING WITH ETHER EXTRACT OF PRIMULA OBCONICA Get access GUN AGRUP, GUN AGRUP Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Sweden (Dr. Agrup and Dr. Fregert), Department of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Hjorth), and Department of Occupational Medicine, Lund, (Dr. Övrum) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. FREGERT, S. FREGERT Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Sweden (Dr. Agrup and Dr. Fregert), Department of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Hjorth), and Department of Occupational Medicine, Lund, (Dr. Övrum) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. HJORTH, N. HJORTH Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Sweden (Dr. Agrup and Dr. Fregert), Department of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Hjorth), and Department of Occupational Medicine, Lund, (Dr. Övrum) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. ÖVRUM P. ÖVRUM Department of Dermatology, University of Lund, Sweden (Dr. Agrup and Dr. Fregert), Department of Dermatology, Finsen Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark (Dr. Hjorth), and Department of Occupational Medicine, Lund, (Dr. Övrum) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Pages 497–502, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12336.x Published: 01 August 1968 Article history Accepted: 01 April 1968 Published: 01 August 1968
Deaths from Smoking
Authors: G. C. Myddelton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

others ?Would they really be at ease in a genuinely democratic society of staff and patients ?He advocates privileges for psychiatric consultants similar to those thought to be enjoyed by colleagues in general-hospitals.However, general and teaching hospitals must be surely among the most conservative and hierarchical organizations in our society.It is precisely the virtue of a therapeutic community, to which Dr. Entwistle uncom- prehendingly refers, that it embodies methods of dissolving hierarchy.A democratic group requires leadership.It is convenient for a leader, as the representative of the common will of the community, to hold a symbolic office.The title of medical superintendent for this is as good or bad as any other.What matters is not the title but the way in which it is used.Our experience is the reverse of that to which Dr. Entwistle alludes.Without medical superintendents it is doubtful whether the major developments which have transformed progressive mental hospitals could have been achieved.-Iam, etc.,
UK report calls for better access to nicotine replacement treatment for heavily addicted smokers
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Heavily addicted smokers do not get enough support to help them quit, warns a UK report published last week. It calls for better access to nicotine replacement treatment as part of a harm reduction strategy.

It proposes that a new nicotine regulatory authority be established to oversee all aspects of regulation of nicotine products and to coordinate efforts to end the advantage that cigarettes currently have in the marketplace over alternative products such as gums and patches.

The report, published by the Royal College of Physicians, argues that smokers smoke mainly for the effects of nicotine, that nicotine itself is not especially hazardous, and that providing nicotine in an acceptable and effective form such as cigarette substitutes could save millions of …
Effect of Oxygen Breathing on Pacing-Induced Angina Pectoris and other Manifestations of Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: MATIJA HORVAT, SHINJI YOSHIDA, RAVI PRAKASH, HAROLD S. MARCUS, H. J.C. SWAN, WILLIAM GANZ
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Eleven patients with arteriographically confirmed coronary artery disease and normal arterial oxygen saturation were studied. The angina threshold was determined first by successive elevation of heart rate at increments of 10 and 5 beats/min by right atrial pacing while the patients were breathing air via a close-fitting mask. The mask was then connected to an oxygen tank without the patient's knowledge. After 5 min of oxygen breathing, the heart rate was again raised to the previously determined threshold level. In nine of 11 patients angina did not recur. The absence of angina was associated with improvement in myocardial lactate extraction from -17 ± 15 to +18 ± 10% ( P &lt; 0.025), in S-T abnormalities in six of seven patients, and in pulsus alternans in three of five patients. The pacing rate was then raised at increments of 5 beats/min until angina recurred. With oxygen breathing, angina developed at higher pacing rates (129 ± 7 beats/min with air and 137 ± 6 beats/min with oxygen, on the average; P &lt; 0.005), at higher rate-pressure product (18.0 ± 0.8 and 19.5 ± 0.9 x 10 3 mm Hg/min, respectively; P &lt; 0.01), and at higher left ventricular oxygen consumption (21.3 ± 1.1 and 24.6 ± 1.1 ml/min, respectively; P &lt; 0.005). The results indicate that oxygen breathing permits the heart to do more work before coronary insufficiency develops.
Experience of lay member of IFR panel
Authors: T. Hart
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Many of the questions raised by Russell and colleagues about whether IFR (individual funding request) panels should have lay representation1 have been addressed by other parts of the public sector for 50 years or more, so why hasn’t the NHS learnt from these experiences? Generally there is antipathy to lay participation in NHS policy or it is limited to “informing” rather than …
Diagnostic Difficulty in Interpretation of Tc-99m MAG3 Dynamic Renal Scan: Intrarenal Reflux or Delayed Concentration Function?
Authors: Ozgur Karacalioglu, Seyfettin Ilgan, Nuri Arslan, M Ali Ozguven, Murat Dayanc
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

An 11-year-old boy with a neurogenic bladder had a Tc-99m MAG3 dynamic renal scan to evaluate the split renal function. The left kidney could not be visualized on perfusion imaging and early static studies but started to concentrate radionuclide at the 6th minute. At first glance, the scintigraphic appearance implied delayed concentration and stasis in the excretion phase. However, further evaluation of the images and the renogram curve suggested intrarenal reflux (IRR) resulting from reciprocal changes in the bladder and kidney curves. Because it is not a usual finding to see IRR in the early concentration phase when the bladder is relatively empty, there was further evaluation with renal parenchymal scintigraphy. The left kidney was nonfunctioning on a Tc-99m DMSA scan, suggesting IRR as the most probable diagnosis. Voiding cystourethrography also confirmed left IRR and hydronephrosis was demonstrated later. This case illustrates the potential misinterpretation of a Tc-99m MAG3 dynamic renal scan in the presence of nonfunctioning renal tissue and IRR. However, a careful review of the renogram pattern established the correct diagnosis, obviating the need for further investigation.