tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ventricular activation patterns of spontaneous and induced ventricular rhythms in canine one-day-old myocardial infarction. Evidence for focal and reentrant mechanisms.
Authors: N El-Sherif, R Mehra, W B Gough, R H Zeiler
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We studied isochronal maps of ventricular activation during spontaneous multiform ventricular rhythms (rates 120-190/min) and pacing-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias (rate 230-450/min) in dogs 1 day after myocardial infarction. Recordings were obtained from the entire epicardial surface and from selected endocardial and intramural sites utilizing a computerized multiplexing technique. Spontaneous ventricular rhythms had a focal origin from the surviving subendocardial Purkinje network underlying the infarction and showed frequent shift of the pacemaker site. On the other hand, fast ventricular tachyarrhythmias were consistently induced in the same dogs by bursts of rapid ventricular pacing or programmed premature stimulation and had a tendency to degenerate into ventricular fibrillation. Pacing-induced rhythms were due to reentrant activation that developed mainly in the surviving, electrophysiologically abnormal, epicardial layer overlying the infarction. The last stimulated heat that initiated reentry resulted in a continuous arc of functional conduction block and two slowly circulating activation fronts around both ends of the arc of block. The activation fronts rejoined on the distal side of the arc of block before breaking through the arc to reactivate an area proximal to the block. This resulted in splitting of the initial single arc of block into two separate arcs. Reentrant activation subsequently continued as two synchronous circuits which conducted in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. Reentry spontaneously terminated when the leading edge of both reentrant circuits encountered refractory tissue and failed to advance. The presence of two synchronous circuits was the hallmark of a stable reentrant activation. The development of three or more asynchronous circuits resulted in an activation pattern that was "prefibrillatory." This pattern was seen to develop during pleomorphic ventricular rhythms and ventricular tachycardias of the torsades de pointes type that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation was maintained by continuously changing multiple asynchronous circuits. The transition from a stable reentrant activation pattern to that of ventricular fibrillation was probably related to nonhomogeneous shortening of refractoriness in different parts of the myocardium.
Patients' reactions to illness.
Authors: T Sensky
Journal: BMJ (1990)

human erythropoietin is being used include the anaemia of prematurity, myelodysplastic syndromes, and anaemia associated with HIV infection.It has also been used to increase the number ofunits of blood harvested for autologous transfusion.2'These results are still preliminary.Molecular biologists have provided a dazzling new array of recombinant growth factors of which recombinant human erythropoietin is one.The unlimited availability (apart from cost considerations) should permit the treatment of patients with anaemia in new and exciting ways either with growth factor monotherapy or with suitable combinations of recombinant growth factors.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Jay F. Piccirillo, Stephen Duntley, Helena Schotland
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder, affecting 2% to 4% of the adult population [1]. It is characterized by recurrent apneas and hypopneas during sleep with resultant oxyhemoglobin desaturations and sleep fragmentation. The clinical sequelae of OSAmay be severe and include daytime hypersomnolence, cognitive impairment, systemic and/or pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents [2]. The economic consequences of OSA are also significant, with costs of care for undiagnosed patients twice that for ageand sex-matched controls [3]. Although OSA and other sleep disorders have received recent media attention, the detection and management of OSA by primary care practitioners appears suboptimal. Physicians generally have varying amounts of knowledge about OSA[4], and the majority of patients with OSAgo unrecognized and untreated [5,6]. Increasingly, disease management strategies are being used for a variety of disorders. A disease management program is most effective when there is a high prevalence of the targeted disorder, a need for integrated guidelines, a high cost of treatment (or lack of treatment), a lack of certainty regarding “best practices,” and the need to track and improve patient outcomes [7]. OSA is an ideal disorder for application of a disease management approach given its high prevalence, the wide variability in diagnostic and treatment approaches, and the high costs associated with both diagnosis and treatment (particularly surgical options) and underdiagnosis and no treatment. We developed a disease management strategy targeting OSA that focuses on the identification of patients at risk in the primary care setting, the performance of diagnostic polysomnography, and the institution of appropriate interventions. This paper reports on our pilot test of this program.
Genetic Risk Prediction — Are We There Yet?
Authors: Peter Kraft, David J. Hunter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A major goal of the Human Genome Project was to facilitate the identification of inherited genetic variants that increase or decrease the risk of complex diseases. The completion of the International HapMap Project and the development of new methods for genotyping individual DNA samples at 500,000 or more loci have led to a wave of discoveries through genomewide association studies. These analyses have identified common genetic variants that are associated with the risk of more than 40 diseases and human phenotypes. Several companies have begun offering direct-to-consumer testing that uses the same single-nucleotide polymorphism chips that are used in genomewide . . .
Immunology and immunopathology of the male genital tract: Control and impairment of immune privilege in the testis and in semen
Authors: A. Filippini
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2001)

It has long been known that the testis is an immunologically privileged site in the body, and that human seminal plasma possesses a generalized immunosuppressive activity. Multiple factors participate in the establishment of immunotolerance in the testis: the blood–tubular barrier; the local production of immunosuppressive molecules by Sertoli cells; and the Fas system as regulator of immunological homeostasis in both physiological and pathological conditions. Cytokine-induced up-regulation of Fas as well as of integrin ligands, which are known to be specific binding molecules for lymphocytes on the Sertoli cell surface, indicates that the 'nursing' cells of seminiferous epithelium might be important in the impairment of immune privilege, causing autoimmune orchitis. In addition, the soluble form of Fas-ligand protein present in the seminal plasma of infertile patients might suggest a role for this immunomodulatory protein in male infertility. Finally, an understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune privilege in the testis and in semen might help to clarify how cells expressing 'non-self' antigens (such as male gametes) can escape the immune system in both the male and female genital tracts.
Treatment of shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia: Author's reply
Authors: J. V Jolleys
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Nevertheless they generally reported less chronic pain after treatment with acyclovir,"'°and this is consistent with other uncontrolled data.4"On balance, therefore, it seems more reasonable to conclude that acyclovir can reduce, though not completely prevent, post-herpetic neuralgia.
The Impact of Diabetes on Survival Following Myocardial Infarction in Men vs Women
Authors: Robert D. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The impact of diabetes on recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and fatal coronary heart disease was examined in survivors of an initial MI using 34-year follow-up data in the Framingham Study. Among nondiabetic patients, the risk of fatal coronary heart disease was significantly lower in women compared with men (relative risk, 0.6). In the presence of diabetes, however, the risk of recurrent MI in women was twice the risk in men. In addition, the effect of diabetes doubled the risk of recurrent MI in women (relative risk, 2.1) but had an insignificant effect in men. Increased susceptibility to cardiac failure among diabetic women was an important factor in determining survivorship. Women with diabetes developed cardiac failure four times more often (16%) than women without diabetes (3.8%). Furthermore, when cardiac failure developed, 25% of diabetic women experienced a recurrent MI or fatal coronary event, more than doubling the rate when diabetes was absent. We conclude that in the diabetic patient who survives an MI, cardiac failure is a common occurrence, warranting early detection and vigorous management in periods of convalescence and follow-up. In addition, when cardiac failure appears, control of diabetes assumes added importance, particularly in women, where its effect on survivorship is considerable. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3456-3460)
Recurrent Stenosis of the Mitral Valve
Authors: JOSE R. DE JESUS, GERALD M. BRENEMAN, JOHN W. KEYES
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Forty-three patients with suspected restenosis of the mitral valve are reported. Forty of these occurred in a series of 672 mitral commissurotomies. A significant degree of recurrent stenosis was found in 40 of the 43 cases at the time of the second operation. The clinical features and findings in these patients are discussed, as well as the probable etiologic factors. Left heart catheterization is indicated in many of these cases to define precisely the hemodynamic status, particularly in those individuals with suspected concomitant mitral incompetency or myocardial disease. Open-heart surgery should significantly improve the results of a repeat mitral commissurotomy.
ALTERG: AN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN PHYSICAL ACTIVE REHABILITATION OF SPINAL STENOSIS
Authors: Yvonne Landkammer, Robert Bernecker, Anton Wicker
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Lumbal spinal stenosis causes back pain spreading as far as the legs and thereby constrains the activities of daily living. By walking in a flexed position patients try to extend the foramina intervertebralia. Claudicatio intermittens/ spinalis forces them to stop walking and sit down, because of pain, parasthesias or paresis. 1 Loss of physical activity may lead to a decline of physical condition and slowly restrict independence. 2 The differential air pressure technology of AlterG treadmills reduces body weight in lower extremity up to 80% and facilitates normal postural control. 5 Methods After completing physiotherapy, a 70-year-old left sided lower leg amputed man started extensive endurance training. 250 m of walking were challenging. Therefore antigravity treadmill training was initiated in April. Results Early therapy, visual analog scale (VAS) was set at 5.5. At the beginning of AlterG training, body weight was decreased by 40% up to 5% in November (VAS 0). As walking time increased (13–35min.) walking distance increased equally from 870 m to 2.4 k m. Discussion One aim of functional rehabilitation is to decrease the pain, 3 keep the patient independent and thereby obtain his physical condition in order to prevent further (cardiorespiratory) diseases. One of the goals of using AlterG in rehabilitation of orthopedic patients is to restore normal walking mechanics. 4 The combination of physiotherapy and AlterG training leads to absence of lower back pain, walking distance increases significantly, the patient feels safer while walking and his independence is ensured. Conclusion The use of innovative AlterG can improve postural control, increase safety while walking as well as economy of movements and thereby affect the lower back pain.
Pancreatic Bile Salt-Dependent Lipase Induces Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation
Authors: Nathalie Augé, Ouafa Rebaï, Josette Lepetit-Thévenin, Nadine Bruneau, Jean-Claude Thiers, Eric Mas, Dominique Lombardo, Anne Negre-Salvayre, Alain Vérine
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Because bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL), an enzyme secreted by the pancreatic acinar cells and associated with LDL in circulating blood, also locates with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerotic lesions, we aimed to investigate its effects on SMCs.Immunohistochemical experiments allowed us to detect an expression of BSDL in atherosclerotic lesions from hypercholesterolemic monkeys and from human arteries. BSDL was found to be associated with SMCs but not with macrophages. BSDL was significantly mitogenic for cultured SMCs. This effect was inhibited by heparin and anti-BSDL antibodies, whereas heat-denaturated and diisopropylfluorophosphate-treated BSDL were inefficient. The mitogenic effect of BSDL was associated with an activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which was inhibited by heparin, and involved several mechanisms, among them diacylglycerol and oleic acid production as well as a rapid basic fibroblast growth factor release.Circulating BSDL is associated with SMCs within the intimal arteria and may trigger SMC proliferation, which could contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Oxidase-deficient neutrophils from X-linked chronic granulomatous disease iPS cells: functional correction by zinc finger nuclease–mediated safe harbor targeting
Authors: Jizhong Zou, Colin L. Sweeney, Bin-Kuan Chou, Uimook Choi, Jason Pan, Hongmei Wang, Sarah N. Dowey, Linzhao Cheng, Harry L. Malech
Journal: Blood (2011)
Evidence for Consistency of the Glycation Gap in Diabetes
Authors: Ananth U. Nayak, Martin R. Holland, David R. Macdonald, Alan Nevill, Baldev M. Singh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine estimations in the assessment of glycemia is often encountered. A number of mechanisms might explain such discordance, but whether it is consistent is uncertain. This study aims to coanalyze paired glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-fructosamine estimations by using fructosamine to determine a predicted HbA1c, to calculate a glycation gap (G-gap) and to determine whether the G-gap is consistent over time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 2,263 individuals with diabetes who had at least two paired HbA1c-fructosamine estimations that were separated by 10 ± 8 months. Of these, 1,217 individuals had a third pair. The G-gap was calculated as G-gap = HbA1c minus the standardized fructosamine-derived HbA1c equivalent (FHbA1c). The hypothesis that the G-gap would remain consistent in individuals over time was tested. RESULTS The G-gaps were similar in the first, second, and third paired samples (0.0 ± 1.2, 0.0 ± 1.3, and 0.0 ± 1.3, respectively). Despite significant changes in the HbA1c and fructosamine, the G-gap did not differ in absolute or relative terms and showed no significant within-subject variability. The direction of the G-gap remained consistent. CONCLUSIONS The G-gap appears consistent over time; thus, by inference any key underlying mechanisms are likely to be consistent. G-gap calculation may be a method of exploring and evaluating any such underlying mechanisms.
Medical-Staff Privileges in Private Hospitals: Can Modern Hospitals Exclude Uncooperative Applicants?
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE California Supreme Court continues to puzzle many medical-law commentators with a succession of controversial decisions. If appellate judges are expected most of the time to provide cool reason and clear logic in analysis and results, then the California high court falls short in the medical area more often than it seems to score points for justice and equity.A careful review of California medical decisions is a studied and deliberate effort on my part for the Journal. Except for the United States Supreme Court, the California high court is probably the most influential judicial body in this country.I . . .
Distress Over the Noneffect of Stress
Authors: William M. Landau
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I call your attention to the graphic exaggeration of research accomplishment in Fig 2 of the recent<i>JAMA</i>article by the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group.<sup>1</sup>While the text describes an effect of weight reduction on systolic blood pressure of 2.9 mm Hg, the graph shows 3.8 mm Hg. For diastolic, the text says 2.3 mm Hg and the graph indicates 2.6 mm Hg. For sodium reduction, the text value for systolic change is 1.7 while the graph shows 2.1; for the diastolic, the text says 0.9, and the graph says 1.1. This systematic error in the same direction is statistically significant, with a<i>P</i>value that is embarrassingly small. Whatever the tiny statistical significance for sodium restriction, one wonders whether a wise and fully informed patient would wish to give up an unrestricted, tasty salt diet in order to lower his or
Impaired echinocytic transformation of ankyrin‐ and spectrin‐deficient erythrocytes in mice
Authors: Walter H. Reinhart, L.‐P. Amy Sung, K.‐L. Sung, Seldon E. Bernstein, Shu Chien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

The membrane skeleton of the red blood cell plays an important role in the determination of cell deformability and cell shape. Under various in vitro conditions, red blood cells undergo an echinocytic or stomatocytic shape transformation. The mechanism of this fundamental process is not well understood. We have studied the red cell shape transformation in normoblastic anemia mice (nb/nb) and spherocytic anemia mice (sph/sph), which are deficient in ankyrin and spectrin, respectively. We found that both ankyrin-deficient cells (nb/nb) and spectrin-deficient cells (sph/sph) have a reduced capacity to undergo echinocytic transformation with various echinocytogenic treatments, that is, incubation with sodium salicylate (40 and 120 mM), calcium loading (50 microM A23187 + 2.2 mM Ca2+), or metabolic depletion (24 hr at 37 degrees C). These results suggest that the functional integrity of the membrane skeleton is essential for the maintenance and transformation of the red cell shape.
Hidden Barriers to Improvement in the Quality of Care
Authors: B J McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The Shattuck Lecture is delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Massachusetts Medical Society. In the 111th lecture, Dr. Barbara McNeil discusses a core problem in health policy, the barriers to improvement in the quality of medical care. She focuses on two key impediments: uncertainty about which therapeutic and diagnostic interventions are actually effective, and cost pressures, which may result in the underuse of potentially valuable medical treatments and techniques.
Guillotine Tonsillectomy and Curettage of Adenoids under Ethyl Chloride Anaesthesia
Authors: J. C. Campbell, D. H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1955)

This paper had been completed before the recent corre- spondence on the guillotine operation appeared in the British Medical Journal.This correspondence confirms our impression of the misunderstanding which exists concerning the guillotine operation and the anaesthesia required for it.The published objections to the operation for removal of tonsils and adenoids in children by guillotine and curette under ethyl chloride anaesthesia would lead one to suppose that it was a thoroughly unsatisfactory pro- cedure.This conclusion is entirely at variance with our experience; we here attempt to explain why this should be so, and why these objections should have gained such wide currency.In addition, we examine the suitability and safety of ethyl chloride as an anaesthetic agent for this operation.
Abstract 3219: Isolated tumor cells (ITC) in regional lymph nodes predict colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse
Authors: Claudia Mescoli, Laura Albertoni, Matteo Fassan, Vanni Lazzarin, Cristiano Lanza, Luciano Giacomelli, Salvatore Pucciarelli, Donato Nitti, Massimo Rugge
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Involvement of the lymph nodes (LN) is the most important prognostic factor in CRC and pN+ve status identifies patients requiring adjuvant chemotherapy. Among pN0-patients, 20-30% develop recurrent disease. ITC+ve LNs in such patients (as assessed by immunohistochemistry) may potentially predict cancer recurrence. No prospective long-term follow-up trial has consistently validated the prognostic meaning of ITCs. ITCs in regional LNs were prospectively assessed in a cohort of 361 consecutive pN0-CRC patients. From each gross surgical specimen, LNs were microdissected according to a standardized protocol (mean LNs per patient=16.4; range 5-107). In all, 5,920 pN0-ve LNs were collected and immunohistochemically assessed (MNF116 staining was performed in 2 serial histology sections of each LN [11,840 histology specimens in all]). Overall cancer death and recurrence rates were calculated. The prognostic impact of ITC was also tested by multivariate statistics. ITCs were documented in 200 of 361 patients (55.5%). No relationship was documented between ITC+ve status and overall survival. CRC recurred in 36/361 (9%) cases and 29/36 (80%) recurrences were documented among ITC+ve patients. The prevalence of recurrent CRC among ITC+ve and ITC-ve patients was 14.5% and 4.3%, respectively. ITC+ status significantly correlated with cancer recurrence (p = 0.002, OR = 3.57; 95% CI=1.46-9.95; case-control Pearson's chi-squared) and disease-free interval (p=0.0005). In multivariate analysis, ITC-status was the only variable significantly associated with cancer recurrence. These results suggest considering ITC+ve status a reliable marker of cancer recurrence, and that pN0 ITC+ve cancer patients form a subgroup of candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3219
Hemochromatosis in Heterozygotes
Authors: Lawrie W. Powell, Elizabeth C. Jazwinska
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Hemochromatosis, first described more than 100 years ago, is a common inherited disorder of iron metabolism in people of European descent.1 Nonetheless, it has been much underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed, in part because of an earlier belief that it was a variant of alcoholic cirrhosis and also because its symptoms were confused with those of other diseases (e.g., alcoholic liver disease and arthritis) and its expression varies in affected persons. Hemochromatosis is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is manifested by increased absorption of dietary iron, resulting in increased saturation of serum transferrin, elevated serum ferritin concentrations, and excess iron . . .
N-Glucuronidation of the antiepileptic drug retigabine: results from studies with human volunteers, heterologously expressed human UGTs, human liver, kidney, and liver microsomal membranes of Crigler-Najjar type II
Authors: Jürgen Borlak, Antje Gasparic, Mathias Locher, Hubert Schupke, Robert Hermann
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Bronchial necrosis and granuloma induced by the aspiration of a tablet of ferrous sulphate
Authors: R Lamaze, P Trechot, Y Martinet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Aspiration of foreign bodies occurs mainly in children and elderly people. When the foreign body is a tablet, this event can be more severe due to the local release of active molecules. We observed spontaneously regressing bronchial necrosis and granuloma due to the aspiration of a tablet of ferrous sulphate. We stress the need to consider the possibility of aspiration of a tablet in elderly patients with acute respiratory symptoms, and the importance of an early removal of the tablet.