tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-111 Gender Differences In The Burden Of Coronary Artery Disease In Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Jennifer Yu, Marco G. Mennuni, Samantha Sartori, Omar A. Meelu, Ioannis Mastoris, Usman Baber, Robert T. Pyo, Jason Kovacic, Prakash Krishnan, Pedro R. Moreno, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: Milton V. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This study is a clinical pathological correlation based on 887 resected pulmonary masses. Because of the nature of the study and the source of the material there is a certain amount of selection. The patients were all males, and they had all been healthy enough to have been inducted into the armed services. Only 16 of 887 had significant other pulmonary disease. While the author draws few conclusions, the monograph itself asserts some very forceful points: second primary malignancies can and do occur and may present as pulmonary nodules; pulmonary granulomas can occur in patients with history of malignancy elsewhere; benign tumors of the lung can occur in patients who have had a previous malignancy; preoperative examination with bronchoscopy, cytologic study of the sputum, and scalene node biopsy offer a very low yield of positive diagnoses in pulmonary nodules; size cannot be used as a criterion for determining malignancy; tuberculosis
Quantitative Assessment of FDG Uptake in Brown Fat Using Standardized Uptake Value and Dual-Time-Point Scanning
Authors: Khaled Alkhawaldeh, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Brown fat is a potential source of false-positive findings on FDG PET. The purpose of this study was to show the variability in body distribution of brown fat, the degree of FDG uptake, the changes on dual-time-point scanning, and determine if dual-time-point scanning can help in differentiating brown fat from malignant lesions.Thirty-two patients were included in this retrospective study (14 male, 18 female, age range: 8-72 years). All patients had hypermetabolic brown fat activity on FDG PET imaging confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scanning. All patients underwent 2 sequential FDG PET scanning (dual-time-point imaging). The average percent change in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for 120 brown fat spots between time point 1 and time point 2 was calculated.Body distribution of hypermetabolic brown fat in the 32 patients included supraclavicular area (n = 7); cervical and supraclavicular (n = 5); cervical, supraclavicular, and axillae (n = 5); cervical area, supraclavicular, axillae, and paravertebral (n = 8); supraclavicular, cervical, axillae, paravertebral, and mediastinum (n = 4); supraclavicular, cervical, axillae, paravertebral, and upper abdomen (n = 2); and supraclavicular, cervical, axillae, paravertebral, mediastinum, and intercostals (n = 1). SUVmax for brown fat spots ranged from 0.8 to 12.4 and mean SUV was 4.6 + 1.6. On dual-time-point imaging, 91 (76%) of the brown fat spots demonstrated an increase in SUVmax that ranged from 12% to 192% and mean value of 42%, whereas 16 (13%) brown fat spots did not show any change and 11 (11%) spots underwent a drop in SUVmax by 4% to 12%. There was an increase in the number of active brown fat spots in 3 patients on the second time images.Brown fat is a potential source of false positives, which has wide variability in distribution and degree of FDG uptake. On dual-time-point scanning, there is a progressive increase in FDG uptake within most of the hypermetabolic brown fat areas that mimic malignant lesions.
Care of Battlefield Injuries
Authors: V. Pothula, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: During Operation Iraqi Freedom, an Iraqi combatant sustained substantial battlefield trauma to his right temporofrontal area, exposing the brain surface. He was brought to a surgical company of the U.S. 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. The operating room was in a tent 20 miles from the front lines. Scalp, bone, and dura were lost as a result of the impact of the projectile. The area was cleaned, and hemostasis was achieved with a combination of thrombin and electrocautery. Closing the wound, making it tight with respect to cerebrospinal fluid until transfer to the next echelon of care (200 . . .
Topic: Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hellmuth Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Our considerations with regard to the psychosomatic aspects in intensive care units are begun with those psychodynamic processes which can be regularly observed in life-threatened patients; namely: depression, narcissistic disorder and oral-regressive traits, aggression defense, introspective capacity limitations as well as certain specific defense mechanisms. Furthermore, we outline the inherent indirect and direct psychotherapeutic interventions. The latter concern the supportive psychotherapy and the emergency psychotherapy. The psychotherapeutic techniques will be described in detail.
Increased bacterial binding to respiratory epithelial cells in vitamin A deficiency.
Authors: R. K. Chandra
Journal: BMJ (1988)

weeks before endoscopy.Only six (17%) of these patients presented with dyspepsia compared with 13 (65%) of the 20 patients in the same age group who had not taken the drugs (p<0-001, x2 test).The patients who had taken the drugs therefore constituted 81% (30/37) of those without dyspepsia.In the group aged 65-74 who had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs the numbers with and without dyspepsia were similar.Overall, most of the patients who had taken the drugs presented with either bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia.
Advancing Precision Medicine for Prostate Cancer Through Genomics
Authors: Sameek Roychowdhury, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The recent surge of high-throughput sequencing of cancer genomes has supported an expanding molecular classification of prostate cancer. Translation of these basic science studies into clinically valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and biomarkers that are predictive for therapy is critical to the development of precision medicine in prostate cancer. We review potential applications aimed at improving screening specificity in prostate cancer and differentiating aggressive versus indolent prostate cancers. Furthermore, we review predictive biomarker candidates involving ETS gene rearrangements, PTEN inactivation, and androgen receptor signaling. These and other putative biomarkers may signify aberrant oncogene pathway activation and provide a rationale for matching patients with molecularly targeted therapies in clinical trials. Lastly, we advocate innovations for clinical trial design to incorporate tumor biopsy and molecular characterization to develop biomarkers and understand mechanisms of resistance.
Focus: London: The year that manpower controls finally crumble
Authors: J Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

“Initiative fatigue” was one symptom afflicting the NHS last year. The civil servants working on the Jenkins review of functions and manpower (the review that spelt the end of regions) calculated that the NHS was being presented with one new initiative from the top every working day. No wonder the review team detected a mismatch between the “command economy” of the management executive and the regions and the need of the new market NHS for a light touch.

Yet 1994 may not be much different. Shortly before Christmas the minister for health, Dr Brian Mawhinney, announced that the government would implement in full the recommendations of the Calman report on specialist medical training. He also reaffirmed the commitment to …
An Immunological Approach to Cancer
Authors: Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In 1954, Professor Green put forth a conception of cancer which caused much discussion at the time and has served as a stimulus for a good deal of investigative work during subsequent years. This book is an account of this conception, now considerably amplified and extended, and an attempt to evaluate it in view of available experimental data. The basic concept advanced by Green is that "malignant cells<i>are</i>malignant because they have lost tissue-specific antigens and are no longer subject to tissue-homeostatic control mechanisms." The tissuespecific antigens are thought to be macromolecules on cell surfaces involved in direct cell-cell interactions or in interactions with humoral regulating agents such as the "chalones" of Bullough. Loss of these tissue-specific antigens, it is postulated, occurs as a consequence of any of several mechanisms, such as faulty genomic expression, interaction with autoantibodies, or alteration by chemical carcinogens. The cancer cell is one which
Effects of hypolipidemic agent nordihydroguaiaretic acid on lipid droplets and hepatitis C virus
Authors: Gulam H. Syed, Aleem Siddiqui
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on host lipid metabolic pathways for its replication, assembly, secretion, and entry. HCV induces de novo lipogenesis, inhibits β-oxidation, and lipoprotein export resulting in a lipid-enriched cellular environment critical for its proliferation. We investigated the effects of a hypolipidemic agent, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), on host lipid/fatty acid synthesis and HCV life cycle. NDGA negated the HCV-induced alteration of host lipid homeostasis. NDGA decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) activation and enhanced expression of genes involved in β-oxidation. NDGA inhibited very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion by affecting mediators of VLDL biosynthesis. Lipid droplets (LDs), the neutral lipid storage organelles, play a key role in HCV morphogenesis. HCV induces accumulation and perinuclear distribution of LDs, whereas NDGA most notably reduced the overall number and increased the average size of LDs. The antiviral effects of NDGA resulted in reduced HCV replication and secretion. Conclusion: NDGA-mediated alterations of host lipid metabolism, LD morphology, and VLDL transport appear to negatively influence HCV proliferation. (Hepatology 2011;)
New Attack on Breast Cancer
Authors: A. A. Loeser
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The challenge of limited labeled data in the field of medical imaging and the need for large number of labeled data for training machine learning algorithms, and to measure the performance of image processing algorithms increases the demand to use synthetic images. The purpose of this paper is to construct synthetic and labeled Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data to solve the problems like having access to the accurate labeled data and evaluating the processing algorithms. In this study, a modified active shape model is used which considers the anatomical features of available images such as number and thickness of the layers and their associated brightness, the retinal blood vessels, and shadow information with wise consideration of speckle noise. The algorithm is also able to provide different datasets with varying noise level. The validity of our method for synthesis of retinal images is measured by two methods (qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis).
Dietary Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acid Consumption and Heart Rate Variability in US Adults
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Phyllis K. Stein, Ronald J. Prineas, David S. Siscovick
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Fish and ω-3 fatty acid consumption reduce risk of cardiac death, but mechanisms are not well established. Heart rate variability (HRV) predicts cardiac death and reflects specific electrophysiological pathways and influences. We hypothesized that habitual consumption of fish and marine ω-3 fatty acids would be associated with more favorable HRV, elucidating electrophysiological influences and supporting effects on clinical risk. Methods and Results— In a population-based cohort of older US adults, we evaluated cross-sectional associations of usual dietary fish and ω-3 consumption during the prior year and ECG-derived (n=4263) and 24-hour Holter monitor–derived (n=1152) HRV. After multivariable adjustment, consumption of tuna or other broiled/baked fish was associated with specific HRV components, including indices suggesting greater vagal predominance and moderated baroreceptor responses (eg, higher root mean square successive differences of normal-to-normal intervals [ P =0.001]; higher normalized high-frequency power [ P =0.008]; and lower low-frequency/high-frequency ratio [ P =0.03]) and less erratic sinoatrial node firing (eg, lower Poincaré ratio [ P =0.02] and higher short-term fractal scaling exponent [ P =0.005]) but not measures of circadian fluctuations (eg, 24-hour standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals). Findings were similar for estimated dietary consumption of marine ω-3 fatty acids. For magnitudes of observed differences in HRV comparing the highest to lowest category of fish intake, differences in relative risk of cardiac death during 10.8 years of follow-up ranged from 1.1% (for difference in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals) to 5.9% and 8.4% (for differences in Poincaré ratio and short-term fractal scaling exponent) lower risk. Conclusions— Habitual tuna/other fish and marine ω-3 consumption are associated with specific HRV components in older adults, particularly indices of vagal activity, baroreceptor responses, and sinoatrial node function. Cellular mechanisms and implications for clinical risk deserve further investigation.
Cancer charity rates TV shows in terms of junk food advertising
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An Australian cancer charity has launched an interactive online tool so that parents can identify which television shows have the most and least advertising of junk food.

Cancer Council NSW has also designed the Fat Free TV Guide (www.fatfreetv.com.au) as an advocacy tool, encouraging users to send emails or videos to television station executives.

The website says: “Pick a program and you’ll not only find out how many junk food ads are in popular TV shows, you’ll also see how much …
Substance Misuse Among Adolescents
Authors: Geetha A. Subramaniam, Nora D. Volkow
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Changes in blood lead concentrations in women in Wales 1972-82.
Authors: P C Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Blood lead concentrations, estimated in epidemiological surveys of adult women in Wales, have shown a fall of over 30% since 1972. During the same period the amount of lead in petrol has changed little but general traffic flow has steadily increased; there has been no change in the amount of lead in water.
Abstract PD04-05: Molecular predictors for type of recurrence following conservative treatment for DCIS
Authors: RA Sakr, VP Andrade, S Chandarlapaty, C Giovanni, D Giri, A Heguy, M De Brot, N Olvera, S Muhsen, S Koslow, KJ Van Zee, M Morrow, N Rosen, TA King
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The identification of molecular predictors of type of recurrence (non-invasive vs invasive) after local therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains a challenge. We hypothesized that gene expression profiling using a panel of 32 breast cancer-related genes could identify a signature predictive of type of recurrence. Methods: From a prospectively maintained database of 1873 pts treated with conservative surgery +/− radiation for DCIS (1991–2006), we identified 190 (10%) patients who recurred. Original DCIS archival blocks were available for 108 (57%) of these cases. Freshly cut sections were obtained for microdissection of pure DCIS lesions, RNA was extraction and mRNA transcript quantification was performed with the Nanostring™ nCounter® system. Data were normalized using the nCounter® digital analyzer software for analysis. Results: Among the 108 studied cases, 66 (61%) recurred as DCIS and 42 (39%) recurred as invasive cancer. Median time to recurrence was 40 months (range 7–156 mo) and did not differ by type of recurrence. Similarly, patient age, grade of DCIS, ER status, use of radiation or tamoxifen therapy did not differ. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using all 32 genes demonstrated two predominant groups, one enriched for recurrent-as-invasive (RI) tumors, and the other enriched for recurrent-as-DCIS (RD) tumors. Refined analysis by selection of 14 genes with significant differential expression between the RI and the RD tumors identified four main groups. The first cluster was dominated by ERBB2 over-expression and is equally composed of RI and RD tumors. The second cluster was composed almost exclusively of RI tumors and showed high level of COX2 and CCND1 and low level of CDKN2A (p16). The clusters 3 and 4 were enriched for RD tumors, with the fourth cluster completely devoid of RI cases. This RD-only group showed the lowest level of CCND1, but highest level of AKT3, EGFR, CDKN2A, and MKI67, thus displaying molecular traits typical of basal-like tumors. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients who recurred following conservative treatment for DCIS, HER2 expression was not predictive, however gene expression analysis demonstrated that high COX2 and CCND1 and low CDKN2a (p16) levels were strongly associated with invasive recurrences (RI), whereas increased AKT3 and MKI67 were associated with non-invasive recurrences (RD). Although the optimal combination of predictive markers requires validation, these data suggest that molecular alterations associated with RI differ from those associated with RD and warrant further investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-05.
The Y-box binding protein YB-1 is associated with progressive disease and mediates survival and drug resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Manik Chatterjee, Christoph Rancso, Thorsten Stühmer, Niels Eckstein, Mindaugas Andrulis, Christian Gerecke, Heike Lorentz, Hans-Dieter Royer, Ralf C. Bargou
Journal: Blood (2007)
Successful RAG1-SCID gene therapy depends on the level of RAG1 expression
Authors: Karin Pike-Overzet, Christopher Baum, Robbert G.M. Bredius, Marina Cavazzana, Gert-Jan Driessen, Willem E. Fibbe, H. Bobby Gaspar, Rob C. Hoeben, Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Arjan Lankester, Pauline Meij, Axel Schambach, Adrian Thrasher, Jacques J.M. Van Dongen, Jaap-Jan Zwaginga, Frank J.T. Staal
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Underwater‐Transparent Nanodendritic Coatings for Directly Monitoring Cancer Cells
Authors: Gao Yang, Hongliang Liu, Xueli Liu, Pengchao Zhang, Chao Huang, Tailin Xu, Lei Jiang, Shutao Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Underwater-transparent nanodendritic coatings are easily fabricated by a three-step template process. After modification with anti-EpCAM, the coatings exhibit the capability for efficiently capturing rare number of cancer cells from whole blood. On the other hand, the unique underwater transparency enables the coatings to directly monitor captured cancer cells by optical imaging. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia in Association with Extragonadal Germ Cell Cancer
Authors: MARC B. GARNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Thrombocytopenia was associated with primary extragonadal germ cell cancer in three patients. All had embryonal cell cancer with anterior superior mediastinal masses. Severe thrombocytopenia was noted initially and persisted throughout the course of the disease. Bone marrow showed increased megakaryocytes. There was no evidence of immune destruction of platelets or sequestration by the mediastinal tumor masses. Therapy with prednisone and splenectomy did not increase platelet counts and chemotherapy was extremely difficult. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia may be an adverse prognostic feature for patients with extragonadal germ cell cancer.
Handbook of Physical Therapy
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Suggestions for exercises are excellently presented in this little handbook, attesting to the experience of the author. In other ways, however, the book is rather old-fashioned, and the drawbacks can be attributed to the lack of a physician coauthor. Various modalities of therapy are presented without adequate discrimination as to indications, while some physical therapy is suggested for conditions for which more specific treatment is now available. No mention is made of the danger of short-wave diathermy in creating excessive heat about implanted metallic devices or the possibility that such a modality can produce malfunction of a cardiac pacemaker or induce ventricular fibrillation or burns about the implanted wires.