tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Lipodystrophy (Whipple's Disease)
Authors: William S. Reveno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

AUTHENTIC reports of intestinal lipodystrophy, first recognized and described by Whipple1 in 1907, have appeared so infrequently since then that the disease may well be classed among the rarer entities. The original description noted, during a period of over five years, arthritis, weight loss, secondary anemia, cough, diarrhea, abdominal distention, ankle swelling, dyspnea and a palpable mass in the right lower abdominal quadrant, with autopsy findings of deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal wall and mesenteric lymph nodes. The actual number of similar cases reported in the intervening years has varied because not all have conformed strictly . . .
Haemodynamic advantages of combined alpha-blockade and beta-blockade over beta-blockade alone in patients with coronary heart disease.
Authors: S H Taylor, B Silke, G I Nelson, R C Okoli, R C Ahuja
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The acute haemodynamic effects of beta-blockade with propranolol and combined alpha-blockade and beta-blockade with labetalol were compared in a randomised study in 12 patients with coronary artery disease proved by angiography. Propranolol induced significantly greater depression of left ventricular function both at rest and during exercise than labetalol. This difference was probably attributable to the vasodilator activity of labetalol and the associated reduction in afterload offsetting the haemodynamic disadvantages of blockade of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors alone. The haemodynamic advantages of combined alpha-blockade and beta-blockade over beta-blockade alone may thus have therapeutic implications for the use of these treatments in patients with coronary heart disease.
Evaluating progression of liver disease from repeat liver biopsies in children with chronic hepatitis C: A retrospective study
Authors: Parvathi Mohan, Bruce A. Barton, Michael R. Narkewicz, Jean P. Molleston, Regino P. Gonzalez-Peralta, Philip Rosenthal, Karen F. Murray, Barbara Haber, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Zachary D. Goodman
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Clinical and histologic progression of liver disease in untreated children with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is poorly documented. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize changes in liver histology over time in a cohort of HCV-infected children who had more than one liver biopsy separated by over 1 year. Forty-four untreated children without concurrent liver diseases, who had repeat liver biopsies at eight U.S.-based medical centers, were included. Biopsies were scored by a single pathologist for inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis and were correlated with demographic data including age at biopsy, time from infection to biopsies, and laboratory values such as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Mode of transmission was vertical in 25 (57%) and from transfusions in 17 children (39%). Genotype 1 was present in 30/35 (84%) children. The mean age at first and final biopsy was 8.6 and 14.5 years, respectively, and the mean interval between biopsies was 5.8 ± 3.5 years. Duration of infection to biopsy was 7.7 and 13.5 years, respectively. Laboratory values did not change significantly between the biopsies. Inflammation was minimal in about 50% at both timepoints. Fibrosis was absent in 16% in both biopsies, limited to portal/periportal in 73% in the first biopsy, and 64% in the final biopsy. Between the two biopsies, the proportion of patients with bridging fibrosis/cirrhosis increased from 11% to 20% (P = 0.005).Although in aggregate this cohort did not show significant histologic progression of liver disease over 5 years, 29.5% (n = 13) of children showed an increase in severity of fibrosis. These findings may have long-term implications for the timing of follow-up biopsies and treatment decisions.
Why do individuals with autism lack the motivation or capacity to share intentions?
Authors: Tony Charman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. highlight how in combination cognitive impairments and affective impairments help explain why individuals with autism do not enter fully into human culture. We query whether the motivational component is a later development in human ontogeny and whether the cognitive level of intention reading is intact in autism. A key question is what neuropsychological impairments underlie this cognitive–affective impairment.
Intermediate filaments in malignant melanomas. Identification and use as marker in surgical pathology.
Authors: F C Ramaekers, J J Puts, O Moesker, A Kant, G P Vooijs, P H Jap
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Intermediate-sized filaments have been studied in human malignant melanomas and in normal melanocytes by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies directed against keratin, vimentin, desmin, neurofilament protein, and glial filament protein. Both human melanotic and amelanotic tumor cells and tumor metastases as well as normal melanocytes in human skin and in the rat eye contain exclusively intermediate filaments of the vimentin type. No reaction was seen with antibodies to keratin, desmin, neurofilaments, or glial filaments. These latter four antisera, however, gave strong reactions in epidermis and other epithelial tissues, muscle, or neural tissues, respectively. The results favor a mesenchymal character of melanocytes, although a neuroectodermal origin in an early developmental stage is possible. The finding that melanomas contain exclusively vimentin intermediate filaments may prove useful in differential diagnosis of melanomas from other tumor types.
Truncus Arteriosus
Authors: RAY C. ANDERSON, WILLIAM OBATA, C. WALTON LILLEHEI
Journal: Circulation (1957)

We have encountered difficulty in recognizing and identifying clinically true truncus arteriosus with pulmonary arteries (type 1) because of its resemblance to correctable cardiac defects such as patent ductus arteriosus, aortic-pulmonic defect, and ventricular septal defect. In the present report we are presenting clinical information on 14 patients with this anomaly, both to supplement the scanty data available in the literature and to emphasize the need for correct diagnosis.
Neurovascular Dissociation With Paradoxical Forearm Vasodilation During Systemic Tyramine Administration
Authors: Giris Jacob, Fernando Costa, Simi Vincent, David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Despite the widespread use of tyramine as a pharmacological tool to assess the effects of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve terminals, its vascular effects are not adequately characterized. In particular, previous results indicate that intravenous tyramine produces little if any systemic vasoconstriction, suggesting that tyramine does not cause significant norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves innervating peripheral vascular beds. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of intravenous tyramine on local forearm norepinephrine spillover and vascular resistance. Methods and Results— Seven healthy subjects were studied with systemic and local forearm norepinephrine spillover and forearm blood flow at baseline, during systemic tyramine infusion, and after sympathetic stimulation induced by the cold pressor test. Tyramine infusion caused a significant increase in systemic and forearm norepinephrine spillover. The amount of norepinephrine released into the forearm by tyramine was similar to that caused by cold pressor stimulation, 0.15±0.05 versus 0.18±0.05 ng · dL −1 · min −1 . As expected, forearm vascular resistance increased during the cold pressor test, but tyramine produced forearm vasodilation (4.5±1 versus −5±1 mm Hg · dL −1 · min −1 , P &lt;0.03) despite the increase in local norepinephrine spillover. In 6 additional subjects, plasma dopamine increased significantly during tyramine administration, from 11±3 to 662±105 pg/mL. Conclusions— Thus, systemic tyramine infusion evokes a significant increase in peripheral norepinephrine spillover, and this, paradoxically, is associated with local vasodilatation rather than vasoconstriction.
Gazetteer of General Practices in the Aylesbury Area
Authors: B. L. E. C. Reedy, E. R. Rue
Journal: BMJ (1973)

One reason for defects in communication between hospitals and general practitioners may be that hospital staff lack information about local practices. We compiled a handbook giving information about 55 (86%) of the practices which use the district general hospital group in Aylesbury. This included biographical details about each doctor in each practice, when he was available on the telephone, what ancillary staff worked in the practice, and so on. The handbook was given to 500 staff in all grades and departments in the group. It seems to have been effective in improving communications, relationships, and morale within the area.
Source and hormone-dependence of GLx-gp70 in mouse serum
Authors: Y Obata, E Stockert, M Yamaguchi, EA Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The gp70 family of glycoproteins is distinguished by the role of these molecules as constituents of C-type viral envelopes and also as Mendelian cellular constituents expressed independently of virus production. The source of G(IX)-gp70 in the serum of 129 strain mice, which are not overt producers of virus, could not be traced to any organ or tissue that is known to be G(IX)-positive by serological tests. Hematopoietic tissues were excluded as source of serum G(IX)-gp70 by tests with reciprocal radiation chimeras made from 129 and 129-G(IX)(-) donors and recipients. Thymus and spleen were excluded because excision of these organs did not affect levels of G(IX)-gp70 in the serum. The serum of young adult 129 males contains roughly four times as much G(IX)-gp70 as adult 129 females and the levels rise in both sexes with increasing age. Castration of 129 males reduced the level of serum G(IX)-gp70 to that of females, and the level was fully restored by testosterone. Thus the epididymis and seminal fluid, though rich in G(IX)-gp70, do not contribute significant amounts of G(IX)-gp70 to the serum. The level of G(IX)-gp70 in the serum of testosterone-treated females, though more than double that of untreated females, did not reach the level of normal males, under the conditions tested. This may signify that G(IX)-gp70 production by males is subject to imprinting by testosterone in early life. Evidently the main source of serum G(IX)-gp70 is a tissue or organ that is common to males and females, is directly or indirectly responsive to testosterone, and has not so far been identified serologically as G(IX)- positive.
The role of cortical bone fenestration in the management of Mohs surgical scalp wounds devoid of periosteum
Authors: R.B.M. Barry, J.A.A. Langtry, C.M. Lawrence
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article The role of cortical bone fenestration in the management of Mohs surgical scalp wounds devoid of periosteum Get access R.B.M. Barry, R.B.M. Barry Dermatological Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. E‐mail: rbmbarry@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. Langtry, J.A.A. Langtry Dermatological Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Lawrence C.M. Lawrence Dermatological Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 5, 1 May 2009, Pages 1110–1112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09117.x Published: 01 May 2009
Acute and severe coagulopathy in adult mice following silencing of hepatic antithrombin and protein C production
Authors: Huma Safdar, Ka Lei Cheung, Daniela Salvatori, Henri H. Versteeg, El Houari Laghmani, Gerry T. M. Wagenaar, Pieter H. Reitsma, Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 4047: Introducing a novel acoustic imaging tool for breast cancer detection
Authors: Azra Alizad, Dana H. Whaley, Matthew M. Urban, James F. Greenleaf, Mostafa Fatemi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: This paper introduces an alternative non-invasive and non-ionizing breast imaging tool called vibro-acoustography (VA). This method is based on low-frequency harmonic vibrations induced in the object by the radiation force of ultrasound. Contrast in Vibro-acoustography images represent several properties of the object, including the dynamic characteristics at the audio frequency and scattering and absorption properties at the ultrasound frequency. X-ray mammography and ultrasound are the main imaging modality used today for detection of breast lesions. X-ray mammography, however, is ionizing and its sensitivity is greatly reduced in dense breasts. Ultrasound images suffer from speckles or other or artifact that prevents the physician from delineating the mass lesion from the background tissue. Hence, VA may be used as a stand-alone imaging device or as a tool to provide supplementary information to other existing imaging modalities. Materials &amp; Methods: Matching vibro-acoustography and mammography images of human breast are acquired using a combined mammography/vibro-acoustography machine. Images of various types of breast masses are investigated and their characteristics features are compared. Image features, such as lesion borders, interior texture, and speculation pattern, are studied. Results: Resulting images show soft tissue structures, breast lesions and microcalcifications within breast with high contrast, high resolution, and no speckles. The results have been verified using x-ray mammograms of the breast. Vibro-acoustography images demonstrate that calcified masses normally show sharp borders, benign non-calcified masses have smooth texture, and, in some cases, malignant masses are characterized with spiculation. Conclusion: The encouraging results which are based on the data collected from an ongoing study indicate that the above mentioned image features may be used for differentiation of breast masses and suggest that further development of vibro-acoustography technology may lead to a new clinical tool for various imaging applications. Work supported in part by Grant CA121579-01A1from NIH and Grant BCTR#0504550 from Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4047. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4047
Correlation of angiographic estimates of myocardial infarct size and accumulated release of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in man.
Authors: W J Rogers, H G McDaniel, L R Smith, J A Mantle, R O Russel, C E Rackley
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Accumulated creatine kinase MB isoenzyme release (sigma CK-MB) during acute myocardial infarction was correlated with biplane left ventricular (LV) angiographic estimates of percent abnormally contracting segment (%ACS) and ejection fraction (EF) in 35 patients who underwent diagnostic angiography at a mean of 33 +/- 4 days post myocardial infarction (MI). Of the 35 patients, 18 had no evidence of prior MI and their sigma CK-MB showed good correlation with %ACS (r = 0.84) and with EF (r = - 0.78). An additional two patients with first (inferior) infarct secondary to stenosis of the right coronary artery proximal to the origin of the right ventricular arterial blood supply had disproportionately large sigma CK-MB, suggesting a combination of LV and RV necrosis. In the 15 patients with prior infarct, there was no significant correlation between sigma CK-MB and %ACS or EF. However, in the subgroup of patients with anterior MI, %ACS correlated with sigma CK-MB, both in patients with no prior MI (r = 0.88, N = 12) and in patients with prior MI (r = 0.69, N = 9). These independent angiographic and enzymatic data suggest that enzymatic infarct size estimates utilizing accumulated CK-MB release may be a valid and reliable clinical measure for assessing the extent of LV necrosis in the setting of acute anterior myocardial infarction. However, limitations may exists in certain cases of inferior MI, probably because of concomitant right and left ventricle necrosis.
Endocrine cells in tumour-bearing lungs.
Authors: J. D. Sheard, J. R. Gosney
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: When hormones are detected in the serum of patients with bronchial carcinoma they are generally considered to originate from the tumour, but this may be not the only explanation. Pulmonary endocrine cells proliferate in lungs affected by non-neoplastic disease and their products are often demonstrable in the serum. The aim of this study was to examine the pulmonary endocrine systems of a series of tumour-bearing lungs to see whether any changes in them could possibly account for raised levels of pulmonary peptides in the blood. METHODS: The morphology, number, distribution, and content of pulmonary endocrine cells in 30 pairs of tumour-bearing lungs from patients coming to necropsy with bronchial carcinoma were examined. These features were related to the pathology of the tumour and to other pathological changes present in the lungs, and compared with pulmonary endocrine cells in 10 pairs of control lungs from patients without pulmonary disease. RESULTS: Increased numbers of endocrine cells, often in the form of large abnormal aggregates, were present in 17 pairs of tumour-bearing lungs where they were associated not with the tumour but with non-tumoral pathology, especially inflammation and changes associated with cardiac failure. Appropriate and inappropriate peptides were identified within them. CONCLUSION: The possibility is raised that, in some subjects with bronchial carcinoma who have raised serum hormone levels, the source of these substances might be the endocrine cells in the diseased lung around the tumour.
Pathways of fibrin turnover in lavage of premature baboons with hyperoxic lung injury.
Authors: S Idell, A Kumar, K B Koenig, J J Coalson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Lung injury induced by 100% O2 over 6 days is characterized by markedly less alveolar fibrin and rare hyaline membranes in premature versus adult baboons. To determine the mechanism(s) underlying alveolar fibrin deposition in the evolution of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) through diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), we measured procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities in lung lavage of premature baboons with HMD, those treated with 100% O2 for 6 days (DAD) or for 7 days followed by 14 days 80% O2 (BPD). Lavage procoagulant activity, mainly due to tissue factor associated with Factor VII, was increased by hyperoxia. Plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity, due to both tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase, was stable or increased after hyperoxia. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was detectable in lavage of animals with HMD but not those with evolving DAD or BPD. Antiplasmin activity was stable or decreased. Although plasminogen was undetectable in lavage, D-dimer was increased in lavage of the groups exposed to hyperoxia versus HMD. The defect in plasminogen activator activity in lavage fluids of adult baboons with DAD induced by O2 does not occur in premature baboons with HMD, evolving DAD, or BPD. Expression of fibrinolytic activity in the lower respiratory tract of premature baboons is dependent on local access to plasminogen, which is present in relatively low concentrations in plasma of these animals.
Evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation by pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: K Miyatake, M Okamoto, N Kinoshita, M Ohta, T Kozuka, H Sakakibara, Y Nimura
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We analyzed tricuspid regurgitation noninvasively using ultrasonic pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography in 66 patients in whom tricuspid regurgitation was suspected from routine clinical evaluation. All of the patients also underwent right ventriculography. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. In 62 of 66 patients, the study was adequately performed. In 58 of 62 patients, pansystolic abnormal Doppler signals were detected in the right atrial cavity, and were interpreted to indicate tricuspid regurgitant flow. Two-dimensional echocardiograms in the parasternal four-chamber view demonstrated that the region in which the abnormal Doppler signals were detected was spindle-shaped and extended from the tricuspid orifice toward the right atrial posterior wall parallel to the interatrial septum. The severity of regurgitation was graded on a four-point scale, based on the distance reached by the abnormal signals from the tricuspid orifice toward the posterior wall. For comparison, the right ventriculograms were evaluated on a four-point scale similar to the Sellers classification of mitral regurgitation. The grades by the two methods matched exactly in 36 cases, differed by one level in 23 and by two levels in three. Thus, the two methods showed a good correspondence. Similar results were obtained for the grading based on the area covered by the abnormal signals. We conclude that noninvasive grading of tricuspid regurgitation by ultrasonic pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography is practicable.
Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract
Authors: Kimberly D. Gregory
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Influence of antitachy pacing location on the efficacy of ventricular tachycardia termination
Authors: Leon Krater, Barbara Lamp, Johannes Heintze, Bert Hansky, Juergen Vogt, Frank Warzok, Berthold Kramm, Reiner Koerfer, Dieter Horsikotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Evaluation of the Obese Patient
Authors: George A. Bray
Journal: JAMA (1976)

OBESITY ranks as one of the most common medical disorders in this country. Its importance lies in its association with many common diseases that may enhance morbidity and mortality. Yet, until recently, it has been one of the least-accurately characterized. When gross endocrine or other disease can be excluded, it is often the practice to categorize patients as having "exogenous obesity." Since all obesity is exogenous with respect to energy balance, this term contributes little to the understanding of the problem and ought to be discarded. Indeed, the term exogenous obesity has acquired a connotation of blaming the patient for allowing such a condition to develop. This term implies that obesity is a simple consequence of overeating and is in turn ascribed to human frailty or to emotional instability.<sup>1</sup>This is perhaps in part a consequence of our frustration in treating a difficult clinical problem. Rapidly expanding knowledge has