tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmogenic influence of intracoronary thrombosis during acute myocardial ischemia.
Authors: J A Goldstein, M C Butterfield, Y Ohnishi, T J Shelton, P B Corr
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Patients with acute coronary artery thrombosis often develop primary malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) early after coronary occlusion. In contrast, acute ischemia induced by nonthrombotic balloon occlusion during routine coronary angioplasty rarely elicits such arrhythmias. This study was designed to assess the role of intracoronary thrombosis in arrhythmogenesis during acute ischemia.We compared the incidence of MVA associated with acute left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) thrombosis elicited in open-chest anesthetized dogs by electrical injury (n = 10) or intracoronary stent (n = 9) versus LAD balloon occlusion (n = 15). Compared with animals subjected to balloon occlusion, those with thrombotic occlusion had a significantly greater incidence of MVA, defined as nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (total duration > 10 seconds), sustained ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation developing within the first 30 minutes of occlusion. In the combined thrombosis groups, MVA developed in 11 of 19 animals (58%) (6 of 10 dogs with electrical injury and 5 of 9 stent animals). In contrast, MVA occurred in only 1 of 15 animals (7%) subjected to balloon occlusion. This striking and significant difference in arrhythmias occurred despite the fact that radioactive microsphere perfusion analysis documented that the extent of left ventricular myocardium rendered ischemic was equal in all groups (percent of left ventricular myocardium with occlusion flow < or = 50% of baseline: electrical injury, 25.2 +/- 5.3%; stent, 27.1 +/- 3.6%; balloon, 34.3 +/- 11.6%; P = NS). Furthermore, there were no differences between the animals with thrombosis or balloon occlusion with respect to changes in echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function, aortic pressure, or heart rate after occlusion.These data provide evidence that despite equal magnitudes of jeopardized myocardial mass, acute ischemia induced by thrombotic coronary occlusion results in a greater incidence of MVA than does nonthrombotic balloon occlusion. These findings suggest that the process of intracoronary thrombosis itself exerts arrhythmogenic effects above and beyond the impact of ischemia on myocardium induced by coronary occlusion.
Foreign Medical Graduates and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Hjordis M. Foy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the last couple of years, leading American journals have lamented the poor education and training of foreign medical graduates.<sup>1-4</sup>The superior accomplishments of American medical science is also attested to in the large number of Nobel prizes awarded US citizens in medicine and physiology (35 laureates since the end of World War II). But, surprisingly, 13 (36%) of these awards went to naturalized citizens, who had received the major part of their scientific education on foreign soil, mostly central Europe (<i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>and recent press releases). Furthermore, at least two Americanborn laureates (Watson and Ward) went to Europe for special training and research. Admittedly, most of these Nobel laureates were not practicing physicians, but biochemists and physiologists not subjected to the ubiquitous Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) examinations and Federation Licensure Examinations (FLEX), which reflect American curricula, norms, and proficiency in English. Regardless,
Functional characterization of a 13-bp deletion (c.-1522_-1510del13) in the promoter of the von Willebrand factor gene in type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Maha Othman, Yvette Chirinian, Christine Brown, Colleen Notley, Nicholas Hickson, Daniel Hampshire, Suzanne Buckley, Simon Waddington, Alan L. Parker, Andrew Baker, Paula James, David Lillicrap
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 462: Fer protein-tyrosine kinase promotes lung tumor progression and metastases
Authors: Joseph Ahn, Peter Truesdell, Alexander H. Boag, Andrew W.B. Craig
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract FER is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase implicated in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell growth and migration. Although no activating mutations have been described for FER, recent studies implicate FER as a positive regulator of cancer progression in the prostate and liver. FER is composed of Fer/CIP4 homology-Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR), extended F-BAR (FX), SH2, and kinase domains. FER oligomerization and membrane targeting is conferred by F-BAR/FX domains, while the SH2 domain allows FER recruitment to tyrosine phosphorylated ligands, including activated Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). Since gene amplification or gain-of-function mutations in EGFR are frequently observed in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), we tested whether FER participates in EGFR-driven NSCLC migration, progression, and metastases. Here we show that FER is expressed in normal lung epithelial cells and at variable levels in NSCLC cell lines. In a panel of NSCLC homogenates we observed 5 out of 12 cases of increased FER expression over normal adjacent tissue. Furthermore, in a tissue microarray containing a range of lung cancer histological types we observed high FER expression in the NSCLC adenocarcinoma subtype and in SCLC. In human lung epithelial carcinoma H1299 cells that overexpress wild-type EGFR, we detected rapid EGF-induced activation of FER, and subsequent phosphorylation of several putative FER substrates including STAT3, Cortactin, and Vav2. To probe the function of FER, we used a lentiviral shRNA system to achieve stable knock-down (KD) of FER in H1299 cells. Compared to control cells, FER KD cells displayed a significant reduction in EGF-induced migration in scrape wound assays. FER KD cells were also defective in frequency and velocity of invasion under an agarose drop containing EGF. Of the putative FER substrates tested, we observed a significant decrease in Vav2 phosphorylation in Fer KD cells. Since Vav2 promotes Rac activation, we compared localization of active, GTP-bound Rac1 in control and FER KD cells treated with EGF. Interestingly, FER promotes localization of GTP-Rac1 to the leading edge of these cells. To test the role of FER in NSCLC progression and metastasis, H1299 vector control and FER KD cells were grown as subcutaneous tumors in immune compromised mice (Rag2-/-γc-/-) for four weeks. Although we observed no significant differences in tumor mass for FER KD cells compared to control, the potential role of FER in metastasis is currently under investigation. Together, this study may implicate FER as a viable new therapeutic target for treatment of EGFR-driven metastasis of lung cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 462. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-462
Psychiatric Case Detection in Gynaecological Patients
Authors: Peter J. Cooper, Dennis H. Gath
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

There is a large and conflicting literature on the frequency and nature of psychiatric disorders in women with gynaecological conditions. It is difficult to interpret and compare the findings of different studies, largely because they have used non-standardised methods of case-identification. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the use of standardised methods of case detection in two gynaecological populations: women undergoing hysterectomy and those receiving elective tubal sterilisation. Three applications of case-identification techniques are described: measuring prevalence; describing features of the disorders; and testing hypotheses. Examples of each are given for the two gynaecological populations.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation Does Not Aggravate Functional or Structural Renal Damage
Authors: Oliver Dörr, Christoph Liebetrau, Helge Möllmann, Stephan Achenbach, Daniel Sedding, Sebastian Szardien, Matthias Willmer, Johannes Rixe, Christian Troidl, Albrecht Elsässer, Christian Hamm, Holger M. Nef
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Power and the Frailty: The Future of Medicine and the Future of Man
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Hamburger's book is not just another complaint on the misapplication of modern man's power. He examines the astonishing new capabilities of modern medicine and the paradox of the persistence of human misery. He calls on the physician to lead the world to a "new morality"—the finding of a balance between freedom of the individual and the survival of society. Jean Hamburger is Professor of Medicine at the University of Paris—a man well known for his scientific accomplishments in nephrology. It is logical that he has chosen medicine as the science to illustrate his thesis and physicians as leaders in his new morality. The book is inspiring to read, the prose is clear, and the tone passionate. Roughly half of the book discusses the strengths of medicine and problems of medical practice in terms that should be understandable to laymen as readily as to physicians. The first chapter describes recent medical
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial and Renal Injury After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Ziad A. Ali, Chris J. Callaghan, Eric Lim, Ayyaz A. Ali, S.A. Reza Nouraei, Asim M. Akthar, Jonathan R. Boyle, Kevin Varty, Rajesh K. Kharbanda, David P. Dutka, Michael E. Gaunt
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Myocardial and renal injury commonly contribute to perioperative morbidity and mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon whereby brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion in one organ provide systemic protection from prolonged ischemia. To investigate whether remote preconditioning reduces the incidence of myocardial and renal injury in patients undergoing elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, we performed a randomized trial. Method and Results— Eighty-two patients were randomized to abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with RIPC or conventional abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (control). Two cycles of intermittent crossclamping of the common iliac artery with 10 minutes ischemia followed by 10 minutes reperfusion served as the RIPC stimulus. Myocardial injury was assessed by cardiac troponin I (&gt;0.40 ng/mL), myocardial infarction by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association definition and renal injury by serum creatinine (&gt;177 μmol/L) according to American Heart Association guidelines for risk stratification in major vascular surgery. The groups were well matched for baseline characteristics. RIPC reduced the incidence of myocardial injury by 27% (39% versus 12% [95% CI: 8.8% to 45%]; P =0.005), myocardial infarction by 22% (27% versus 5% [95% CI: 7.3% to 38%]; P =0.006), and renal impairment by 23% (30% versus 7%; [95% CI: 6.4 to 39]; P =0.009). Multivariable analysis revealed the protective effect of RIPC on myocardial injury (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.67; P =0.008), myocardial infarction (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.75; P =0.006) and renal impairment were independent of other covariables. Conclusions— In patients undergoing elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, RIPC reduces the incidence of postoperative myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, and renal impairment.
Imidapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing signal transduction via insulin receptor substrate proteins and improving vascular resistance in the Zucker fatty rat
Authors: Masao Nawano, Motonobu Anai, Makoto Funaki, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Akira Kanda, Yasushi Fukushima, Kouichi Inukai, Takehide Ogihara, Hideyuki Sakoda, Yukiko Onishi, Masatoshi Kikuchi, Yoshio Yazaki, Yoshitomo Oka, Tomoichiro Asano
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Contemporary Vaccine Challenges: Improving Global Health One Shot at a Time
Authors: Walter A. Orenstein, Katherine Seib, Duncan Graham-Rowe, Seth Berkley
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Vaccines have proved to be one of the most powerful and effective ways of reducing disease. However, if we are to maximize their impact on global health, then we need to develop new vaccines for additional diseases as well as to improve their supply and delivery, particularly in developing countries.
Abstract 3143: Sodium butyrate induced cellular senescence, inhibited invasion and modulated cellular metabolism in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Hidemitsu Nakagawa, Masahiro Shindou, Satoru Sasagawa, Kazuyuki Itoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Sodium butyrate (SB) -C-4 saturated fatty acid (short-chain fatty acids) present in the human bowel membrane in the quite high concentration (2 mM) as food metabolites. It was previously reported that SB showed anti-tumor effect as HDAC inhibitor, however, the precise mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we focused on the role of SB on cancer cell growth, motility and invasion. Physiological concentration of SB (0.25-4 mM) induced inhibition of cell growth, colony formation in soft agar, in vitro motility and invasiveness with Boyden chamber and wound healing assay in a dose-dependent fashion using human glioblastoma (A172) cells and rat mammary Walker 256 cells. SB also affected the morphology of both cells, namely spread out with marked stress fibers bridging focal adhesions. Phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase (Y577 and Y397 sites) were increased but that of myosin light chain (S19 site) was not altered. All of these biological effects of SB were reversible, and recovered after withdrawal. In contrast, HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A inhibited cancer cell growth irreversibly but not affected motility, invasiveness and morphology. In addition, A172 cells treated with SB showed positivity for senescence-associated β-gal (SA-β gal) staining with elevated expression levels of p53 and p21 proteins in a time and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, mRNA level of p21 was sharply declined after the treatment with SB. Knocking down of p21 protein expression by siRNA reversed both the growth inhibition and positivity for SA-β gal staining but not the inhibition of invasiveness. Thus p21 was required for cellular senescence but not for the decrease in motility induced by SB. Further, SB increased the expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), critical enzyme for glioblastoma progression and metabolism. Finally, intrathecal administration of SB effectively inhibited the invasion of Walker256 cells into the brain and elongated the animal (rat) survival in vivo. Collectively, SB inhibited growth with induced cellular senescence, inhibited invasion and modulated the expression of IDH-1, and thus would be a good candidate for anti-invasive therapy of brain tumor without severe adverse effects. Citation Format: Hidemitsu Nakagawa, Masahiro Shindou, Satoru Sasagawa, Kazuyuki Itoh. Sodium butyrate induced cellular senescence, inhibited invasion and modulated cellular metabolism in glioblastoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3143
Mobile Applications in Dermatology
Authors: Ann Chang Brewer, Dawnielle C. Endly, Jill Henley, Mahsa Amir, Blake P. Sampson, Jacqueline F. Moreau, Robert P. Dellavalle
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

With advancements in mobile technology, cellular phone-based mobile applications (apps) may be used in the practice and delivery of dermatologic care.To identify and categorize the variety of current mobile apps available in dermatology for patients and providers.Dermatology-related search terms were queried in the online app stores of the most commonly used mobile platforms developed by Apple, Android, Blackberry, Nokia, and Windows. Applications were assigned to categories based on description. Popularity, price, and reviews were recorded and target audiences were determined through websites offering online mobile apps.Number, type, and price of mobile apps in dermatology.A total of 229 dermatology-related apps were identified in the following categories: general dermatology reference (61 [26.6%]), self-surveillance/diagnosis (41 [17.9%]), disease guide (39 [17.0%]), educational aid (20 [8.7%]), sunscreen/UV recommendation (19 [8.3%]), calculator (12 [5.2%]), teledermatology (8 [3.5%]), conference (6 [2.6%]), journal (6 [2.6%]), photograph storage/sharing (5 [2.2%]), dermoscopy (2 [0.9%]), pathology (2 [0.9%]), and other (8 [3.5%]). The most reviewed apps included Ultraviolet ~ UV Index (355 reviews), VisualDx (306), SPF (128), iSore (61), and SpotMole (50). There were 209 unique apps, with 17 apps existing on more than 1 operating system. More than half of the apps were offered free of charge (117 [51.1%]). Paid apps (112 [48.9%]) ranged from $0.99 to $139.99 (median, $2.99). Target audiences included patient (117 [51.1%]), health care provider (94 [41.0%]), and both (18 [7.9%]).The widespread variety and popularity of mobile apps demonstrate a great potential to expand the practice and delivery of dermatologic care.
A Formal Audit of Continuing Medical Education Activity for License Renewal
Authors: Jeoffrey K. Stross
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Formal audits of the continuing medical education activities of physicians licensed in Michigan were undertaken to assess compliance with a law mandating participation in 150 hours of continuing medical education each 3 years. A random sample of all physicians renewing their licenses in 1987 and 1988 were asked to provide documentation of their continuing medical education activities. The average physician participated in 175 hours of category I approved activities; 53.1% of the hours were obtained in a different state, and only 27.6% were obtained in the home community. A total of 13.7% (132/967) of the physicians were initially unable to document 150 hours of credit. Documentation deficiencies and addition errors were found on 72.5% of forms. If formal audits of compliance with legislation are to be undertaken, early notification of the participants and specific instructions for compliance are needed. Because of problems with documentation, only category I approved activities, with exclusions for trainees, should be used to assess compliance.
Childhood exposure to infection and risk of adult onset wheeze and atopy
Authors: C Bodner
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in children and young adults is inversely associated with family size. It has been suggested that more frequent exposure to infections in a large family group, particularly those spread by the faecal-oral route, may protect against atopic diseases, although not all published data support this hypothesis. Whether similar considerations apply to adult onset wheeze is unknown. The relationship between adult onset wheezing and atopy measured in adulthood and childhood exposure to a range of infections was investigated. <h3>METHODS</h3> A nested case control study of participants in a 30 year follow up survey was conducted. Questionnaire data on childhood infections had been obtained in a 1964 survey. In 1995 a further questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and other risk factors for wheezing illness was administered, total IgE, skin and RAST tests were performed, and serum was stored. In 1999 serological tests for hepatitis A,<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> were performed on the stored samples. Information from the 1964 questionnaires was available for 97 cases and 208 controls and serological tests were obtained for 85 cases and 190 controls. The potential risk factors were examined for all cases, those who reported doctor diagnosed asthma, those who described persistent cough and phlegm with wheeze, and subjects stratified by atopic status. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The sibship structure was similar in cases and controls. In univariate analysis of all cases, childhood infections reported by parents as acquired either before or after the age of three years did not influence case:control or atopic status. Seropositivity was also similar for all cases and controls, but cases in the subgroup with chronic cough and phlegm were more likely to be seropositive for hepatitis A and<i>H pylori</i>. Seropositivity was unrelated to atopic status. In multivariate analyses both the effect of having two or more younger siblings (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.8) and of acquiring measles up to the age of three (OR 0.2, CI 0.03 to 0.8) were significantly related to a lower risk of doctor diagnosed asthma. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> In these well characterised subjects, exposure to infections as measured by parental reports obtained at age 10–14 years and by serological tests obtained in adulthood did not influence the development of wheezing symptoms or atopic status in adulthood. However, early exposure to measles and family size may be associated with a lower risk of adult onset doctor diagnosed asthma.
Measures to Define Chronic Kidney Disease—Reply
Authors: Stein I. Hallan, Kunihiro Matsushita, Josef Coresh, for the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The nuances raised by Dr O�Hare are important but they do not invalidate our interpretation that �Although some variation in management of CKD should be considered by age based on cost and benefits, with respect to risk of mortality and ESRD, our data support a common definition and staging of CKD based on eGFR and albuminuria for all age groups.
B Cells Regulate Macrophage Phenotype and Response to Chemotherapy in Squamous Carcinomas
Authors: Nesrine I. Affara, Brian Ruffell, Terry R. Medler, Andrew J. Gunderson, Magnus Johansson, Sophia Bornstein, Emily Bergsland, Martin Steinhoff, Yijin Li, Qian Gong, Yan Ma, Jane F. Wiesen, Melissa H. Wong, Molly Kulesz-Martin, Bryan Irving, Lisa M. Coussens
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Abnormal Mucociliary Transport Study in a Patient With Kartagener Syndrome
Authors: R E. Russell Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Mucociliary transport can be assessed by monitoring the clearance rate of inhaled, dried, and crushed technetium-99m labeled sulfur colloid. A case is described of a patient who had a history of recurrent sinusitis, purulent sputum production, and infertility. It was thought he might have Kartagener syndrome, and his mucociliary clearance was shown to be abnormal.
Provocation of Ventricular Tachycardia after Consumption of Alcohol
Authors: Arnold J. Greenspon, John M. Stang, Richard P. Lewis, Stephen F. Schaal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

CARDIAC conduction abnormalities and dysrhythmias often occur in the presence of cardiomyopathy and a history of excessive alcohol consumption. Using the repetitive ventricular response, we provoked sustained ventricular tachycardia, only after the ingestion of ethanol, in a patient with recurrent tachycardia and no evidence of underlying disease.Case History and MethodsA 54-year-old man had an eight-year history of heavy drinking and palpitations. Ventricular tachycardia was confirmed by electrocardiography during two episodes of palpitation; he was not taking any medication or potentially arrhythmogenic agent. Physical examination, laboratory studies, echocardiography, left ventricular cineangiography and coronary arteriography gave normal results.Using standard . . .