tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Withholding or Withdrawing Treatment
Authors: Fidel Davila
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently, the American Medical Association (AMA) Council of Ethical and Judicial Affairs adopted a stand based on ethical considerations that allows the withholding of nutrition and fluids from patients under special clinical circumstances. This stand is a grievous error, since it impinges on legal areas reserved for judicial authorities and such withholding may be considered euthanasia, which is still illegal in this country. Most clinical decisions are directed at preserving life and have medical, ethical, and legal implications. When non-terminally ill patients or their stead refuse indicated life-preserving medical care including nutrition and fluids (eg, Brophy and Jobes), with the results of these refusals being certain death in the immediate future, the judicial authorities have reserved the right of final decision.<sup>1-4</sup>These judicial authorities should be consulted on an urgent basis. In terminally ill patients for whom no life-preserving medical care is available, ethical considerations allow
AN ELECTRIC STERILIZER FOR INSTRUMENTS IN EAR, NOSE AND THROAT PRACTICE.
Authors: W. SCHEPPEGRELL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The necessity of sterilizing all instruments for surgical operations has been so thoroughly instilled into the minds of medical men that we rarely find a surgeon who does not give careful attention to these details. Many forms of sterilizers have been suggested for preparing instruments for surgical operations, and the majority are of more or less practical value. A subject, however, to which the same amount of attention has not been given, is the preparation of instruments in ordinary use in office practice. It otolaryngology this refers especially to nasal and oral speculums, tongue depressors, applicators, etc. Each of these may be the means of carrying infection, unless the same attention is given as in the preparation of instruments for surgical operations. A probable reason why more consideration has not been given this subject is the difficulty of arranging a suitable apparatus in a private office without the disagreeable effects
E-cigarettes are "gateway devices" for smoking among young people, say researchers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Adolescents who use electronic cigarettes were more likely to smoke conventional cigarettes and less likely to quit smoking, a study from the United States has found, leading the researchers to conclude that the nicotine delivery devices are “unlikely to discourage conventional cigarette smoking among youths.”

The researchers from the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) looked at the tobacco use of more than 40 000 pupils from middle and high schools across the US who completed questionnaires as part of the 2011 and 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

The data, published in JAMA Pediatrics, showed that the number of adolescents who had tried e-cigarettes more than doubled in a year, from 3.1% in 2011 to …
TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL ALLERGY IN EXPERIMENTAL BRUCELLOSIS
Authors: Dorothy H. Heilman, Dexter H. Howard, Charles M. Carpenter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Tissue culture methods have been used to investigate infectious allergy in experimental brucellosis. A study was made of the effect of whole cell Brucella antigen on cultures of spleen from normal and Brucella-infected guinea pigs. The degree of toxicity was based upon the inhibition of migration of wandering cells and upon the morphologic appearance of stained sections of tissue cultures at different periods of incubation. A suspension of heat-killed Br. suis was more toxic for splenic cells from guinea pigs infected with Br. suis than for normal splenic cells. Macrophages were more sensitive than leucocytes to the toxic action of the antigen. The degenerative changes observed in Brucella-sensitive cells exposed to the antigen were similar to the degeneration previously observed in cultures of tuberculin-sensitive cells in the presence of tuberculin. The specific toxicity of the whole Brucella antigen, however, was more marked than that of tuberculin. Preliminary experiments indicate that serum and plasma containing specific antibodies obtained from Brucella-infected guinea pigs reduce the toxic effect of the antigen in cultures of both normal and Brucella-sensitive cells. The protective action of the homologous antiserum was greater for Brucella-sensitive cells than for normal cells.
Phase I Study of MG98, an Oligonucleotide Antisense Inhibitor of Human DNA Methyltransferase 1, Given as a 7-Day Infusion in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Ruth Plummer, Laura Vidal, Melanie Griffin, Mark Lesley, Johann de Bono, Sally Coulthard, Julieann Sludden, Lillian L. Siu, Eric X. Chen, Amit M. Oza, Gregory K. Reid, A. Robert McLeod, Jeffrey M. Besterman, Chooi Lee, Ian Judson, Hilary Calvert, Alan V. Boddy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and early evidence of antitumor activity of escalating doses of MG98, an antisense oligonucleotide to DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which has been shown to reduce CpG island methylation and allow reexpression of tumor suppressor genes in vitro. Experimental Design: In this phase I, open-label study, patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of MG98 administered as a continuous i.v. infusion over 7 days repeated every 14 days. Cohorts of three patients, which could be expanded to six patients, were studied. The maximum tolerated dose was defined as the highest dose at which no more than 33% of subjects experienced dose-limiting toxicity. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of MG98 were also characterized. Results: Thirty-three patients were treated at doses of 100 to 250 mg/m2/d MG98. MG98 was well tolerated with mild fatigue and myalgia, dose-limiting toxicity was asymptomatic transaminitis, and the maximum tolerated dose was 200 mg/m2/d. One patient achieved a partial response and another prolonged disease stabilization. Plasma half-life of MG98 was short (2 hours), drug concentrations reaching a dose-dependent steady state during infusion with a volume of distribution equivalent to plasma volume. Suppression of DNMT1 expression was observed in 26 of 32 patients studied. Conclusions: MG98 was well tolerated with early evidence of clinical activity. Proof of mechanism was observed and measurement of DNMT1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells may be useful in future phase II development.
High Court upholds NICE decision in face of legal challenge
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Bristol-Myers Squibb has lost a legal challenge to a refusal by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to approve its rheumatoid arthritis treatment abatacept (marketed as Orencia) for general use in the NHS.

In April 2008 NICE published final guidance that did not recommend abatacept, a selective immunosuppressant used to treat severe forms of the disease, as a treatment option for people with rheumatoid arthritis.

NICE makes decisions on what drugs to recommend for use in the NHS after working out an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) for each drug. Drugs with ICERs of £30 000 (€33 000; $50 000) or more …
The Anatomic Substrate of Complete Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: MAURICE LEV, PAUL N. UNGER, KENNETH M. ROSEN, SAROJA BHARATI
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The conduction systems of eight cases diagnosed clinically as having complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) were serially sectioned. Left axis deviation was present in six and normal axis in two. In all cases there was evidence of ischemia of the myocardium and left bundle branch (LBB) in various parts of the coronary circulation. In all cases, the LBB showed pathologic change at its junction point with the bundle of His, with disruption, complete or incomplete, in six, and with recent and old lesions in two. There was no difference in lesions of the LBB between cases with and without left axis deviation. There is thus complete correlation between the electrocardiographic abnormality LBBB and lesions of the LBB in these cases. The pathogenesis of the LBB lesions in these cases is probably both ischemic and mechanical.
Fibromyalgic Syndrome: Depression and Abnormal Illness Behavior
Authors: M. Ercolani, G. Trombini, R. Chattat, C. Cervini, G. Piergiacomi, F. Salaffi, S. Zeni, R. Marcolongo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

This study reports psychological symptoms assessed in 327 patients with fibromyalgia (FS) in a multicenter investigation. Two self-report scales, in their validated Italian translations, were used for screening: the CES-D (the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) developed at the NIMH for measuring depression and the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) developed by Pilowsky and Spence. The cutoff point of 23 in the CES-D scores revealed about 49% of the fibromyalgic patients as depressed. In analyzing patterns of illness behavior patients with FS showed a high score on IBQ scales of disease conviction, psychological versus somatic focusing and denial. CES-D scores showed significant correlations with illness behavior scales. These results and their implications for the treatment of fibromyalgic patients are discussed.
Issues in the Nuclear Weapons Debate
Authors: E. GREY DIMOND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1983Issues in the Nuclear Weapons DebateE. GREY DIMOND, M.D.E. GREY DIMOND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-2-256 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: An editorial published on 14 April 1982 in theSan Diego Unionvigorously chastised the University of California-San Diego School of Medicine for its 1-day postgraduate course on the medical effects of nuclear war cosponsored with the Physicians for Social Responsibility. The editors stated that the California State Examining Board should consider whether the medical school had strayed "from the purpose of continuing education of the profession" because "the faculty and subject matter for the course showed it has relatively little to do with medical treatment. ..." I find it wrong that a major newspaper, carrying its...References1. HUTH E. The road away from nuclear war [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:445-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CASSELJAMETON CA. Medical responsibility and thermonuclear war. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:426-32. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . The medical consequences of radiation accidents and nuclear war. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:447-50. Google Scholar4. . Physician and public education on the medical consequences of thermonuclear war. In: Proceedings of the House of Delegates, 35th Interim Meeting, Report of the Board of Trustees. Chicago: American Medical Association; 1981:59-60. Google Scholar5. RELMAN A. Physicians, nuclear war and politics [Editorial]. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:744-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. HUTH E. The road away from nuclear war [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:445-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1983Volume 98, Issue 2Page: 256-257KeywordsContinuing medical educationMedical education Issue Published: 1 February 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
John Romano, MD
Authors: John S. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Planning a survey.
Authors: G Rose, D J Barker
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Medical planning requires information on the extent and dis- tribution of health problems; often this is not available, espe- cially locally.A geriatrician asks about the extent of unmet need among district residents.An inner-city psychiatrist wants to back his request for more facilities by some evidence of high local morbidity.A physician needs to know how much hypertension would be uncovered if blood pressures were measured in non-medical clinics.A general practitioner wonders if there really is a local excess of bronchitis.A chemical pathologist wishes to establish a "range of normal."In some such ways almost any doctor may find himself needing to undertake a simple cross-sectional survey.We will attempt to help him in our articles this week and next. Early planningActual data collection begins only late; its success depends on careful preparation, often requiring many months. BACKGROUND READINGLibrary research may uncover unsuspected sources of published information (the Registrar General's mortality and cancer registry reports, Hospital Inpatient Inquiry, Morbidity in General Practice reports); special tabulations may be provided on request to the Hospital Activity Analysis; similar surveys may have been done elsewhere.Even if the library does not yield the whole answer it often guides the planning.
Multiple Comparison Procedures
Authors: Jing Cao, Song Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DETECTION OF "NON-PRECIPITATING" ANTIBODIES IN SERA OF INDIVIDUALS ALLERGIC TO RAGWEED POLLEN BY AN IN VITRO METHOD
Authors: J. Gordon, B. Rose, A. H. Sehon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

A hemagglutination test capable of demonstrating antibodies in sera of ragweed-sensitive individuals has been described in detail. This test involves coupling of the antigen to rabbit erythrocytes via stable azo bonds. The antigen-coated cells are then suspended in the serum which is suspected to contain the homologous antibodies. The test has been shown to be specific and highly sensitive. Precipitating antibodies to ragweed pollen extract produced in experimental animals can be demonstrated in dilutions as high as 10(5) to 10(7), while antibodies to ragweed in allergic sera are detected only in dilutions of the order of 10(3). Positive results were obtained with all sera from treated or non-treated allergic individuals containing skin-sensitizing and/or blocking antibodies. Absorption of these sera with antigen-coated erythrocytes yielded a supernatant devoid of either skin-sensitizing, blocking, or hemagglutinating capacity. It is concluded that the hemagglutinating factor has the properties of a divalent antibody.
Informed Consent In California
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Enclosed please find a photocopy of LAW AND MEDICINE, "Recent Decisions on Informed Consent" (221:441,1972) where on page 442, the California law is improperly cited as reference,<i>Dow vs Permanente Medical Group</i>, 1970.
Study will look at effect of mobile phones on children's cognitive development
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new £1m (€1.2m; $1.7m) study is to investigate whether any link can be found between children’s use of mobile phones and their cognitive development. The researchers behind the study believe that by following 2500 children and comparing their cognitive development with their exposure to radiofrequency radiation they will be able to answer this longstanding question.

The Study of Cognition, Adolescents, and Mobile Phones (SCAMP) aims to recruit 2500 children aged 11-12 and follow them for three years. Their exposure to mobile phones and other sources of non-ionising radiation will be measured by access to their mobile phone company records, by questionnaires, and, in a minority of the volunteers, by radiation “badges” worn for 48 hours. Measures of …
Routine prenatal screening for HIV infection
Authors: M. Barbacci, R.E. Chaisson, J.T. Repke
Journal: The Lancet (1991)

Guidelines in most developed countries for testing pregnant women for HIV infection recommend that screening should be directed to groups with acknowledged risk factors for infection. Our prospective study of HIV seroprevalence among 2724 pregnant women in an inner-city area of Baltimore, USA, showed that if these guidelines had been applied only 57% of HIV-seropositive women would have been detected. By offering counselling and HIV testing to all pregnant women, the detection rate was raised to 87%. We conclude that screening directed at women who admit risk factors is not effective in identifying HIV-infected women and that routine HIV screening should be offered to all pregnant women.
Silicosis and Cancer
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the answer to the question on "Silicosis and Cancer" (Questions and Answers,<i>JAMA</i><b>176:</b>81 [April 8] 1961), the statement is made "In the American literature there is no evidence that there is a relationship between asbestosis and lung cancer." Some publications seem to indicate otherwise. Stoll and his co-workers at Queens General Hospital, Jamaica, N. Y., in a case report entitled "Asbestosis Associated with Bronchogenic Carcinoma" (<i>Arch Intern Med</i><b>88:</b>831 [Dec.] 1951) state in their conclusion: "The importance of this association of carcinoma in cases of asbestosis is indicated from the review of the literature presented." The literature reviewed included American publications as well as foreign ones. Isselbacher and his associates at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, in a case report and review of literature entitled "Asbestosis and Bronchogenic Carcinoma" (<i>Amer J Med</i><b>15:</b>721 [Nov.] 1953) state: "Our conclusion at present is in favor
Haematomas of the Abdominal Wall
Authors: H. FitzGibbon
Journal: BMJ (1967)

JOURNAALtion of the stone-formers now significantly exceeds their dietary intake over a five-day period.The normal controls showed much less increase in calcium excretion.The levels of urinary sodium were in the-same range in both groups.This observation appears to indicate that there is a renal factor involved in the production of hypercalciuria in our stone-forming subjects,We feel, therefore, that hypercalciuria cannot be defined solely in relation to calcium intake, and that sodium intake is an equally important factor.While it is well established that patients with " idiopathic hypercalciuria " absorb more dietary calcium than normal subjects, this may be a compensatory mechanism for increased urinary calcium excretion rather than the basic cause.-We are, etc.,
Isolation and characterization of beta-glucan receptors on human mononuclear phagocytes.
Authors: J K Czop, J Kay
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

beta-glucan receptors, with ligand specificity for yeast and fungal carbohydrate polymers, have been studied as phagocytic receptors of human monocytes. To characterize their structure, binding studies were carried out with human U937 cells and a rabbit IgG anti-Id that recognizes epitopes on monocyte beta-glucan receptors. Unstimulated U937 cells specifically bound large amounts of the anti-Id, but almost none of the control anti-isotype. At saturation, the number of anti-Id molecules bound per U937 cell was 2.6 x 10(6) with an apparent Ka of 1.9 x 10(7) M-1. Immunoprecipitates from detergent lysates of surface-radioiodinated U937 cells contained only two membrane proteins with antigenic specificity for the anti-Id, one having a mol wt of 180 kD and the other 160 kD. Both proteins were disulfide-linked and presented, after reduction, as five polypeptides of 95, 88, 60, 27, and 20 kD. Detergent lysates of unlabeled U937 cells, purified by affinity chromatography on anti-Id-Sepharose, yielded the same two nonreduced proteins and five reduction products in slab gels stained with Coomassie blue. In Western blots probed with the anti-Id, the most immunoreactive nonreduced and reduced affinity-purified products were the 160 and 20 kD molecules, respectively. Immunoblots of two-dimensional gels showed the 180 and 160 kD proteins to express a common epitope through disulfide linkage to the 20 kD polypeptide. By immunoblot analysis, U937 cell glucan-binding proteins from detergent lysates contained two cell proteins antigenic for the anti-Id that were indistinguishable from affinity-purified molecules in size and subunit composition. Studies of affinity-purified proteins from detergent lysed human monocytes were characterized by immunoblot analysis and found to be identical to U937 cell beta-glucan receptors. They consisted of two disulfide-linked proteins, with mol wt of 180 and 160 kD, and had in common a 20 kD polypeptide with the anti-Id epitope.