tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute and long-term effects of vasodilator therapy on resting and exercise hemodynamics and exercise tolerance.
Authors: B M Massie, B Kramer, F Haughom
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The acute hemodynamic response to vasodilators in patients with chronic heart failure has been well characterized, but less is known about the long-term hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy. We measured hemodynamic variables at rest and during upright exercise in 11 patients during the initiation of therapy with oral hydralazine and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and, in eight of these, after 3 months of continuous treatment. Marked initial increases in resting cardiac output and stroke volume and reductions in wedge pressure were sustained during chronic therapy. Similarly, the early improvement in exercise hemodynamic measurements persisted in most subjects. Exercise tolerance, quantified as the maximum duration of treadmill exercise, increased modestly (7.7 +/- 2.6 to 8.9 +/- 3.3 minutes, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10) after several days on vasodilators and further (10.2 +/- 3.7 minutes, p less than 0.01) during long-term treatment. The acute hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy at rest or during exercise did not correlate well with the changes in exercise tolerance. Our findings suggest that the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate improves cardiac performance at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure and that this improvement persists during chronic therapy. In most patients, this hemodynamic improvement is accompanied by greater exercise tolerance.
The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Enhanced Platelet Inhibition by Clopidogrel
Authors: Kevin P. Bliden, Joseph DiChiara, Lookman Lawal, Anand Singla, Mark J. Antonino, Brian A. Baker, William L. Bailey, Udaya S. Tantry, Paul A. Gurbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
From the Curator's Notebook
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

FROM THE CURATOR'S NOTEBOOK Cotton Tufts to Cotton Tufts, 1776: An historical note and some fatherly advice. Cotton Tufts, who began his practice in Weymouth in 1752, was the son of a Medford doctor, Simon Tufts, and the brother of another Simon who followed his father's footsteps in the same town. All three graduated from Harvard College: the father in 1724, the brother in 1744, and Cotton in 1749. It was Cotton who planned the first state medical society in 1765, and although the plan fell through, he did not lose his enthusiasm. When the present Massachusetts Medical Society was . . .
Effect of flow partition on wall shear in a cast of a human coronary artery
Authors: C B BARGERON, O. J DETERS, F. F MARK, M. H FRIEDMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The effect of flow partition on wall shear was determined in a cast of a human coronary artery. A laser Doppler anemometer was used to measure the time varying velocities at selected sites close to the walls of the cast. Shear rates were derived by dividing the measured velocities at each site by the perpendicular distance from measurement site to the wall. At the bifurcation of the left main coronary artery into its anterior descending and circumflex branches the shear at sites near the outer walls of the two branches was more strongly affected by the flow partition than at sites on the flow divider and near the walls of the left main coronary artery.
Biguanide Treatment Increases the Number of Insulin-Receptor Sites on Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Arne Holle, Wolfgang Mangels, Manfred Dreyer, Joachim Kühnau, Hugo W. Rüdiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE mode of the antihyperglycemic action of biguanides has been in dispute for many years. Increased muscular uptake of glucose,13 decreased gluconeogenesis,4 decreased intestinal absorption of glucose,5 , 6 increased anaerobic glycolysis,7 and a positive shift in membrane-surface potentials8 , 9 have all been thought to be responsible for this action. Each of these isolated effects can probably be observed at adequate biguanide concentrations.Clinically, the presence of insulin has been found to be a prerequisite for the antihyperglycemic action of biguanides7 , 10 , 11; the biguanides, however, do not elevate the level of plasma insulin.12 13 14 This finding and the observation that the effect of exogenous . . .
Tiotropium reduced exacerbations more than salmeterol in moderate-to-very severe COPD
Authors: Peter Wark
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club19 July 2011Tiotropium reduced exacerbations more than salmeterol in moderate-to-very severe COPDPeter Wark, BMed, FRACp, PhDPeter Wark, BMed, FRACp, PhDCentre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (P.W.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-02003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationVogelmeier C, Hederer B, Glaab T, et al; POET-COPD Investigators. Tiotropium versus salmeterol for the prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1093-103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21428765Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Almagro P, Calbo E, Ochoa de Echagüen A, et al. Mortality after hospitalization for COPD. Chest. 2002;121:1441-8. [PMID: 12006426] Google Scholar2 Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, et al; Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) Investigators. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1128-38. [PMID: 20843247] Google Scholar3 Cote CG, Dordelly LJ, Celli BR. Impact of COPD exacerbations on patient-centered outcomes. Chest. 2007;131:696-704. [PMID: 17356082] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (P.W.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 July 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 July 2011Volume 155, Issue 2Page: JC1-3KeywordsAntibioticsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseHospitalizationsLungsMorbidityPulmonary medicine ePublished: 19 July 2011 Issue Published: 19 July 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of Radiation Dose With Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Among Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed in Childhood (2007-2011)
Authors: Misa Imaizumi, Waka Ohishi, Eiji Nakashima, Nobuko Sera, Kazuo Neriishi, Michiko Yamada, Yoshimi Tatsukawa, Ikuno Takahashi, Saeko Fujiwara, Keizo Sugino, Takao Ando, Toshiro Usa, Atsushi Kawakami, Masazumi Akahoshi, Ayumi Hida
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Few studies have evaluated the association of radiation dose with thyroid nodules among adults exposed to radiation in childhood. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate radiation dose responses on the prevalence of thyroid nodules in atomic bomb survivors exposed in childhood. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This survey study investigated 3087 Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors who were younger than 10 years at exposure and participated in the thyroid study of the Adult Health Study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations including thyroid ultrasonography were conducted between October 2007 and October 2011, and solid nodules underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Data from 2668 participants (86.4% of the total participants; mean age, 68.2 years; 1213 men; and 1455 women) with known atomic bomb thyroid radiation doses (mean dose, 0.182 Gy; median dose, 0.018 Gy; dose range, 0-4.040 Gy) were analyzed. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The prevalence of all thyroid nodules having a diameter of 10 mm or more (consisting of solid nodules [malignant and benign] and cysts), prevalence of small thyroid nodules that were less than 10 mm in diameter detected by ultrasonography, and atomic bomb radiation dose-responses. <h3>Results</h3> Thyroid nodules with a diameter of 10 mm or more were identified in 470 participants (17.6%): solid nodules (427 cases [16.0%]), malignant tumors (47 cases [1.8%]), benign nodules (186 cases [7.0%]), and cysts (49 cases [1.8%]), and all were significantly associated with thyroid radiation dose. Excess odds ratios per gray unit were 1.65 (95% CI, 0.89-2.64) for all nodules, 1.72 (95% CI, 0.93-2.75) for solid nodules, 4.40 (95% CI, 1.75-9.97) for malignant tumors, 2.07 (95% CI, 1.16-3.39) for benign nodules, and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.15-3.12) for cysts. The interaction between age at exposure and the dose was significant for the prevalence of all nodules (<i>P</i> = .003) and solid nodules (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), indicating that dose effects were significantly higher with earlier childhood exposure. No interactions were seen for sex, family history of thyroid disease, antithyroid antibodies, or seaweed intake. No dose-response relationships were observed for small (&lt;10-mm diameter) thyroid nodules. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Radiation effects on thyroid nodules exist in atomic bomb survivors 62 to 66 years after their exposure in childhood. However, radiation exposure is not associated with small thyroid nodules.
Clinical implications of U2AF1 mutation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and its stability during disease progression
Authors: Shang-Ju Wu, Jih-Luh Tang, Chien-Ting Lin, Yuan-Yeh Kuo, Li-Yu Li, Mei-Hsuan Tseng, Chi-Fei Huang, Yen-Jun Lai, Fen-Yu Lee, Ming-Chih Liu, Chia-Wen Liu, Hsin-An Hou, Chien-Yuan Chen, Wen-Chien Chou, Ming Yao, Shang-Yi Huang, Bor-Sheng Ko, Woei Tsay, Hwei-Fang Tien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

We aimed to analyze clinical impacts of the U2AF1 mutation on patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its stability during disease progression. We checked mutation status of the U2AF1 by direct sequencing in 478 de novo MDS patients and correlated with the clinical characteristics and outcomes. We also sequentially analyzed the U2AF1 mutation in 421 samples from 142 patients to determine its stability during the disease courses. Thirty-six patients (7.5%) were found to have U2AF1 mutations, which occurred more frequently in younger patients (P = 0.033). U2AF1 mutation was an independent poor-risk factor for overall survival (OS) in all patients (P = 0.030) and younger patients (P = 0.041). U2AF1 mutation could also predict shorter time-to-leukemia transformation (TTL) in younger patients (P = 0.020). In addition, U2AF1 mutation was associated with shorter TTL in lower-risk MDS patients. Sequential analyses showed all original U2AF1 mutations in U2AF1-mutated patients were retained during follow-ups unless complete remission was achieved, whereas none of the U2AF1-wild patients acquired a novel mutation during disease evolution. U2AF1 mutation is more prevalent in younger MDS patients and associated with inferior outcomes although it is stable during the clinical course. The mutation may be used as a biomarker for risk stratification.
Adult and childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: Are they different diseases?
Authors: Alvin M. Mauer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Age has long been recognized as an important factor in predicting response to treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Specifically, the results of treatment of childhood ALL have been far superior to the treatment of what appears to be the same disease in adults. However, from an analysis of the clinical and biological prognostic factors known to be predictive in childhood ALL, there is a striking difference in their distribution in adults with ALL. It appears that there is a special form of ALL seen in children of some populations with a peak incidence of three to seven years. This treatment responsive leukemia appears to be different clinically, biologically, and epidemiologically from adult ALL.
Contraception in Women With IDDM: An epidemiological study
Authors: Karen Kjær, Claus Hagen, Steen H Sandø, Ole Eshøj
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To study whether suitable contraceptive methods to women with diabetes mellitus in fact are applied.A questionnaire survey on the use of contraceptives in all 18-to-49-yr-old women (n = 261) with IDDM in Funen County, Denmark, and an age-comparable control group, (n = 287) was performed. Data were collected from 1987 to 1990. Response was achieved from 94% diabetic women and 88% control subjects.The overall use of contraception in diabetic women (77.1%) was almost identical to that of control subjects (73.6%). Compared with control subjects, significantly fewer diabetic women were using the OCP (P < 0.005) and partner sterilization (P < 0.05), whereas more diabetic women were sterilized (P < 0.0005). Among diabetic contraceptive users, the IUD, female sterilization, condoms, and the OCP each accounted for roughly 20%. Diabetic women using the OCP were predominantly young, and most had never been pregnant; approximately 20% of them used high-dose formulations. Sterilization was frequently used by older diabetic women, and most of these women had 2 or more children; 27% of the diabetic women using an IUD were nulligravidae. Further, 18% used a method with an unsuitable high failure rate.Our study demonstrates that diabetic women are not sufficiently advised concerning use of contraception.
Subpopulations of circulating B cells and regulatory T cells involved in in vitro immunoglobulin E production in atopic patients with elevted serum immunoglobulin E.
Authors: A Saxon, C Morrow, R H Stevens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The B lymphocyte subpopulations producing immunoglobulin (Ig)E and the regulatory T cells modulating this IgE production in normals, and in atopic patients with respiratory allergy, atopic dermatitis, and markedly elevated serum IgE levels (>5,000 ng/ml), were investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were separated into T and B cell fractions and the ability of B cells to produce IgE in the presence or absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and/or T cells ws determined. The patients had a circulating population of cells which spontaneously produced up to 6 ng of IgE in vitro (per 4 X 10(5) non-E-rosetting cells) in the absence of T lymphocytes and PWM. PBL from normals did not possess such cells. This IgE synthesis occurred primarily (>75%) over the first 72 h of culture. There was a wide range in their activity between patients and from the same patient studied on repeated occasions (from <300 to 6,000 pg per culture). This spontaneous IgE production was inhibited by PWM (mean inhibition, 37%) or normal T lymphocytes (mean inhibition, 42%). The patients lacked T lymphocytes capable of inhibiting this spontaneous IgE synthesis in 7 of 13 experiments. Functionally distinct B cells were identified in the patients and normals that responded to PWM with IgE production in vitro and required T-helper cell activity. Patients had normal PWM-responsive B cell IgE biosynthetic activity and T-helper function for these B cells. Suppressor T cell activity for PWM-driven IgE synthesis was also evaluated. Both the normals' and the patients' T lymphocytes provided similar levels of T cell suppressor function for PWM-driven IgE production. Patients with elevated serum IgE possessed these inhibitory T cells at times when the T lymphocytes which suppressed spontaneous igE production were absent from their PBL.
Occupational cancer in Italy.
Authors: E Merler, P Vineis, D Alhaique, L Miligi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

This article is a discussion of occupational cancer in Italy. The introduction provides the necessary context of Italian industrialization and occupational health regulation. This is followed by a review of Italian epidemiologic studies of occupational cancer risks considered in terms of relative measures of risk and attributable risk of carcinogenic agents or exposure circumstances. We attempt to establish the number of workers exposed to carcinogens in Italy and the intensity of their exposures. Finally, the Italian system of compensation for occupational cancer is discussed. Several cohort and case-control studies have addressed the issue of occupational risks, mostly among male workers. The results of these studies suggest that the growing incidence of and mortality by mesothelioma is explained by the widespread and intense exposure to asbestos in some Italian industrial settings. A high attributable risk of lung tumors among male populations in industrial areas of northern Italy is explained by occupational exposures. However, insufficient data are available for clear definition of the extent and intensity of occupational exposure to carcinogenic substances. In Italy, we must prioritize and maximize resources in occupational cancer epidemiology and revitalize the role of national institutions. Recent legislation has established new regulations on the handling of carcinogenic substances in industrial settings, a new list of occupational diseases, and a national registry of mesothelioma linked to asbestos exposure. These legislative changes are expected to have positive effects.
Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector
Authors: G. SPARROW, E. ABELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A Porto-jet injector was employed to treat forty-five cases of granuloma annulare and five cases of necrobiosis lipoidica with triamcinolone acetonide or sterile normal saline. Complete clearance of granuloma annulare lesions was achieved in nearly 70% of those receiving triamcinolone and in 44% with saline. Inadequate penetration of lesions was responsible for a number of failures. The rate of recurrence after treatment was high but retreatment was usually successful. In three cases of necrobiosis lipoidica complete resolution occurred, while in one, partial improvement was obtained. No serious complications of this type of treatment were observed.
Operative Surgery: Fundamental International Techniques; Urology
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is a rather complete atlas for all students and practitioners of urology, but in his introduction the editor clearly admits that many alternative procedures have been omitted due to limitation of size. For the urologist practicing in America, only a few procedures of practical importance are lacking. Percutaneous nephrostomy using fluoroscopy or ultrasound can be extremely useful in alleviating obstruction without major surgery, especially in debilitated and critically ill patients. In the management of carcinoma of the prostate, little mention is made of bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without<sup>125</sup>I implantation as proposed by Whitmore. In the United States and Canada, more and more patients with stage B and C carcinoma of the prostate are being treated with radiation therapy, making staging lymphadenectomy important. Perhaps the omission of the description of the radical perineal prostatectomy bespeaks this trend in the management of prostatic carcinoma. The most commonly performed
Clinical significance of reduced regional myocardial glucose uptake in regions with normal blood flow in patients with chronic coronary artery disease
Authors: Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Stephen L. Bacharach, Vasken Dilsizian, JoséA. Marin-Neto, Simone Maurea, James A. Arrighi, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Abstract 648: Tobacco assessment in actively accruing Cooperative Group clinical trials
Authors: Graham W. Warren, Erica N. Peters, Essie Torres, K. Michael Cummings, Ellen R. Gritz, Andrew Hyland, Roy Herbst, James R. Marshall, Benjamin A. Toll
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: The lack of accurate prospective tobacco assessments in cancer patients limits the ability to provide tobacco cessation and to accurately evaluate the true impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tobacco use assessment in patients enrolled in actively accruing cancer clinical trials. Methods: Protocols and forms for 155 actively accruing trials in the NCI's Clinical Trials Cooperative Group program were evaluated for detailed tobacco use assessment at enrollment and through follow-up using a structured coding instrument. Results: Of the 155 clinical trials reviewed, the mean accrual start date was 2008.6 (range 2003-2011), 74.1% were phase III trials, and the total potential accrual population was 106,985 patients. Any form of tobacco use (i.e., cigarette, pipe, cigar, smokeless tobacco, or unspecified “tobacco”) was assessed in 29% of trials (46% of total patient accrual) at enrollment. Current cigarette use at enrollment was assessed in 21.9% of trials and former cigarette use was assessed in 21.3% of trials. Only 4.5% of trials assessed any form of tobacco use during follow-up. Secondhand smoke exposure was captured in 2.6% of trials at enrollment and only 1 trial during follow-up. None of the trials assessed nicotine dependence or interest in quitting at any point during enrollment or treatment. Tobacco assessment varied by type of cancer with a higher proportion of patients being assessed in lung or head and neck cancer trials. Conclusion: Most actively accruing cooperative group clinical trials do not assess tobacco use. Failure to incorporate standardized tobacco assessments into funded national clinical trials will continue to limit the ability to provide evidence based cessation support and will limit the ability to accurately understand the precise impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 648. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-648
Analyses of Lymphocytes from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus OCCURRENCE OF INTERFERING COLD-REACTIVE ANTILYMPHOCYTE ANTIBODIES
Authors: R. J. Winchester, J. B. Winfield, F. Siegal, P. Wernet, Z. Bentwich, H. G. Kunkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Large percentages of the lymphocytes from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were densely covered with Ig demonstrable by immunofluorescence, which was occasionally present in the form of caps. The amount and character of the Ig staining depended largely on the procedures used in the isolation and washing of the lymphocytes. Cold-reactive antilymphocyte antibodies present in many sera wre primarily responsible for these variations. Overnight culture of the lymphocytes proved to be an efficient procedure for the removal of adsorbed antibody. Some evidence was also obtained for the presence of circulating immune complexes and exogenous rheumatoid factor molecules on the lymphocyte surface. Thus on freshly isolated cells the demonstration of surface Ig proved to an unreliable marker of bone marrow-derived (B) cells in these disease: the actual percent of B cells with intrinsic surface Ig was often markedly decreased. In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, this reduction was in agreement with the low numbers of cells that had a receptor for aggregated IgG. The mean percentage of thymus-derived (T) cells in both diseases was slightly greater than the normal level.