tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting Survival in Adults with Stage I and II Large-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Primary Radiation Therapy
Authors: M. S. Kaminski, C. N. Coleman, T. V. Colby, R. S. Cox, S. A. Rosenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The records of 148 consecutive patients with Ann Arbor stage I and II large-cell lymphoma treated with primary radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively for pretreatment prognostic variables and results of treatment. For patients treated with radiation to fields on one side of the diaphragm, the 5-year freedom-from-relapse rate was 25% and the survival rate was 35%, but for those given additional transdiaphragmatic radiation or for those given radiation plus adjuvant chemotherapy, the rates were both approximately 67%. In a multivariate analysis, the only significant pretreatment prognostic variables were the number of sites of involvement and bulk of disease, with relapse as the endpoint. For patients treated with radiation to both sides of the diaphragm or with radiation plus adjuvant chemotherapy, the 5-year freedom-from-relapse rate was 82% for the group with a favorable prognosis (with less than three sites of involvement and a mass size of less than 10 cm) and 55% for those with an unfavorable prognosis.
Radiological (scintigraphic) evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: D. R. Biello
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE OPTIMAL strategy for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a subject of controversial and often conflicting opinions. If untreated, as many as 30% of patients with PE may die. Conversely, anticoagulant therapy significantly decreases mortality from PE, but bleeding complications occur. Underdiagnosis may result in a preventable death, and overdiagnosis may lead to significant hemorrhage from unnecessary anticoagulant therapy. This article outlines a practical guide for the use of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy in patients with suspected PE. The clinical diagnosis of PE is rarely simple and often inaccurate. Autopsy series have disclosed that fatal PE commonly is unrecognized before death, particularly in elderly patients and in patients with congestive heart failure or pneumonia. The symptoms, physical signs, routine laboratory findings, and standard roentgenographic studies of the chest frequently are inconclusive. Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and apprehension are the most common presenting symptoms in patients
Genetic Variants in MicroRNA Biosynthesis Pathways and Binding Sites Modify Ovarian Cancer Risk, Survival, and Treatment Response
Authors: Dong Liang, Larissa Meyer, David W. Chang, Jie Lin, Xia Pu, Yuanqing Ye, Jian Gu, Xifeng Wu, Karen Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) play important roles in tumorigenesis. Genetic variations in miRNA processing genes and miRNA binding sites may affect the biogenesis of miRNA and the regulatory effect of miRNAs to their target genes, hence promoting tumorigenesis. This study analyzed 226 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in miRNA processing genes and miRNA binding sites in 339 ovarian cancer cases and 349 healthy controls to assess association with cancer risk, overall survival, and treatment response. Thirteen polymorphisms were found to have significant association with risk. The most significant were 2 linked SNPs (r2 = 0.99), rs2740351 and rs7813 in GEMIN4 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57–0.87 and OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57–0.88, respectively]. Unfavorable genotype analysis showed the cumulative effect of these 13 SNPs on risk (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.0001). Potential higher order gene–gene interactions were identified, which categorized patients into different risk groups according to their genotypic signatures. In the clinical outcome study, 24 SNPs exhibited significant association with overall survival and 17 SNPs with treatment response. Notably, patients carrying a rare homozygous genotype of rs1425486 in PDGFC had poorer overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.67–4.33] and worse treatment response (OR = 3.38; 95% CI, 1.39–8.19), compared to carriers of common homozygous and heterozygous genotypes. Unfavorable genotype analyses also showed a strong gene-dosage effect with decreased survival and increased risk of treatment nonresponse in patients with greater number of unfavorable genotypes (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.0001). Taken together, miRNA-related genetic polymorphisms may impact ovarian cancer predisposition and clinical outcome both individually and jointly. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9765–76. ©2010 AACR.
Myocyte cellular hypertrophy is responsible for ventricular remodelling in the hypertrophied heart of middle aged individuals in the absence of cardiac failure
Authors: G. Olivetti, M. Melissari, T. Balbi, F. Quaini, E. Cigola, E. H Sonnenblick, P. Anversa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to measure changes in the numbers and size of ventricular myocytes in human hearts with marked ventricular hypertrophy and no clear signs of cardiac failure, to determine whether myocyte cellular hypertrophy is the only factor involved in the increase in cardiac mass.Morphometric techniques were applied to estimate the number of myocyte nuclei per unit volume of myocardium which, in combination with the determination of the volume percent of myocytes, allowed the computation of the average myocyte cell volume per nucleus and total number of myocyte nuclei in the ventricles. Subsequently, the volume fraction of replacement fibrosis in the tissue was assessed and absolute component volumes in the ventricles obtained.Eight hypertrophied human hearts, weight 561(SD 68) g, were collected at necropsy from hypertensive patients who died from non-cardiac causes and were compared with eight normal hearts, weight 387(37) g, obtained from healthy individuals who also died from non-cardiac causes. With cardiac hypertrophy, left and right ventricular weight increased by 53% and 57%, whereas myocyte cell volume increased by 112% and 84%, respectively. The disproportion between the increase in ventricular weight and the increase in myocyte volume was due to a 30% and 16% loss in left and right ventricular myocytes following hypertensive hypertrophy. Myocyte loss also provoked a 319% and a 188% increase in the amount of replacement fibrosis in the left and right ventricular myocardium. These tissue and cellular processes resulted in an expansion in ventricular mass which exceeded the thickening of the wall so that an increase in cavitary volume occurred in both ventricles.Myocyte cellular hypertrophy is responsible for ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive cardiomyopathy in its compensated stage. Myocyte loss precedes the impairment in ventricular pump function and may be implicated in the initiation of ventricular maladaptation.
Recent advances in the study of (–)clausenamide: chemistry, biological activities and mechanism of action
Authors: Shi-feng Chu, Jun-tian Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Clausenamide (clau) is one of seven novel compounds isolated from Clausena lansium (Lour) skeels. Clau is unusual in that it contains 4 chiral centers yielding 8 pairs of enantiomers. After identification of the configuration of these enantiomers, the synthesis of 16 enantiomers, including optically active clau and (+) and (-)clau was carried out. During this study, many stereochemical and synthetic difficulties were solved and the Baldwin principle was updated. Production scale is now sufficient to meet the needs of clinical practice. In a pharmacological study numerous models and indicators showed that (-)clau is the active enantiomer, while (+)clau is inactive and elicits greater toxicity than (-)clau. The principal pharmacological effects of (-)clau are to increase cognition, demonstrated in ten models of memory impairment, as well as to inhibit β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity, blocking neurofibrillary tangle formation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau protein. This anti-dementia effect is characterized by increased synaptic plasticity both in efficacy and in structure and provides new support for the theory that synaptic loss is the main cause of dementia. (-)Clau is considered to be a promising drug candidate for treatment of Alzheimer׳s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Normally and abnormally functioning left-sided porcine bioprosthetic valves after long-term implantation in patients: Distinct spectra of histologic and histochemical changes
Authors: Yves A. Goffin, Frank Deuvaert, Francis Wellens, Jean-Louis Leclerc, Jean-Luc Kiehm, Georges C. Primo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
A Host GPCR Signaling Network Required for the Cytolysis of Infected Cells Facilitates Release of Apicomplexan Parasites
Authors: Melanie G. Millholland, Satish Mishra, Christopher D. Dupont, Melissa S. Love, Bhumit Patel, Dustin Shilling, Marcelo G. Kazanietz, J. Kevin Foskett, Christopher A. Hunter, Photini Sinnis, Doron C. Greenbaum
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Acquired vulval lymphangiomata mimicking genital warts
Authors: C.A. HARWOOD, P.S. MORTMITER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Acquired cutaneous lymphangiomata are characterized clinically by the presence of a circumscribed eruption of thin‐walled, translucent vesicles. However, epithelial changes and tissue organization may occasionally give rise to firmer nodules or even warty lesions.1 When these arise on the vulva, diagnostic difficulties may ensue. We report two patients in whom vulval lymphangiomata resulting from treatment for cervical neoplasia were mistaken for viral warts.
Pathophysiology of subendocardial ischaemia.
Authors: J I Hoffman, G D Buckberg
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Most forms of heart disease cause myocardial damage which often is confined to the deep (subendocardial) layer of left ventricular muscle. Much clinical and experimental evidence suggests that subendocardial muscle is prone to ischaemic damage, and a physiological mechanism for this vulnerability is described. Furthermore, experiments suggest that pressures recorded at cardiac catheterization can help to assess if there is subendocardial ischaemia in a variety of lesions in man.
Location of T cell and major histocompatibility complex antigens in the human thymus.
Authors: A K Bhan, E L Reinherz, S Poppema, R T McCluskey, S F Schlossman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

A series of monoclonal antibodies were used to study the intrathymic distribution of T cell-specific antigens, Ia antigens, and beta 2-microglobulin in frozen sections of human thymus by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Most of the cortical thymocytes reacted with anti-T4, anti-T5, anti-T6, anti-T8, and anti-T10 antibodies, thus indicating coexpression of multiple antigens on cortical lymphocytes. The staining of cells in the medulla was most satisfactorily judged in sections stained with the immunoperoxidase technique. Many medullary cells reacted with anti-T4--and a smaller fraction with anti-T5, anti-T6, anti-T8, and anti-T10 antibodies. In addition, T1 and T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells, stained a majority of medullary cells. The medullary cells were also more intensely stained with antibodies directed against beta 2-microglobulin than the majority of cortical cells. Hence, the staining profile of medulla approximates the staining pattern of peripheral T cells, with large numbers of cells bearing T1+, T3+, and T4+ antigens (helper/inducer cells) and a small number of cells bearing T1+, T3+, and T5+/T8+ antigens (suppressor/cytotoxic cells). This supports the conclusion that mature cells present in the medulla are derived from immature cells in the cortex. However, a small number of cells scattered throughout the cortex stained with T1 and T3 antibodies, which suggests that maturation of thymocytes can also occur in the cortex. Antibody directed against Ia antigens resulted in a characteristic patchy pattern of staining in the cortex and in diffuse staining in the medulla, which was interpreted as resulting from staining of epithelial reticulum. The majority of thymocytes did not stain. The staining pattern suggests a close relationship between epithelial cells and thymocytes.
The Expression Pattern of Systemically Injected AAV9 in the Developing Mouse Retina Is Determined by Age
Authors: Leah C Byrne, Yvonne J Lin, Trevor Lee, David V Schaffer, John G Flannery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Systemic delivery of AAV9 offers the potential for widespread and efficient gene delivery to the retina, and may thus be a useful approach for treatment of disease where intraocular injections are not possible, for syndromes affecting multiple organs, or where early intervention is required. The expression resulting from intravenous injection of AAV9 is more efficient in neonates than adults, and here we characterize the effect of age on retinal transduction of AAV9 in the mouse retina. We find that the pattern of expression in neonatal mice is correlated to the development of the retinal vasculature, and that the area of the retinal transduction as well as the cell types infected vary depending on the age at injection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sequential injections of AAV9 vectors carrying two different transgenes infect adjacent areas of the retina, providing a larger area of coverage. Lastly, we show that the retina's endogenous spatiotemporal expression pattern of Mfsd2a, a protein associated with the maturation of a functional blood–brain barrier, coincides with suppression of retinal transduction by intravenously-delivered AAV9, suggesting that AAV9 crosses the blood–retina barrier through transcytosis. Systemic delivery of AAV9 offers the potential for widespread and efficient gene delivery to the retina, and may thus be a useful approach for treatment of disease where intraocular injections are not possible, for syndromes affecting multiple organs, or where early intervention is required. The expression resulting from intravenous injection of AAV9 is more efficient in neonates than adults, and here we characterize the effect of age on retinal transduction of AAV9 in the mouse retina. We find that the pattern of expression in neonatal mice is correlated to the development of the retinal vasculature, and that the area of the retinal transduction as well as the cell types infected vary depending on the age at injection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sequential injections of AAV9 vectors carrying two different transgenes infect adjacent areas of the retina, providing a larger area of coverage. Lastly, we show that the retina's endogenous spatiotemporal expression pattern of Mfsd2a, a protein associated with the maturation of a functional blood–brain barrier, coincides with suppression of retinal transduction by intravenously-delivered AAV9, suggesting that AAV9 crosses the blood–retina barrier through transcytosis.
Failure of BCG immunostimulation to affect the clinical course of Burkitt's lymphoma.
Authors: I T Magrath, J L Ziegler
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A controlled randomised trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy in preventing relapse in patients with Burkitt9s lymphoma in whom remission had been induced with cyclophosphamide. Twenty-one patients were treated with BCG, and 19 were controls. Eleven patients in each group relapsed during a follow-up period long enough to make it unlikely that further relapses would occur. There were no significant differences in the length of remission or the site of relapse that could be attributed to treatment. Eleven patients died: of these none of the six patients in the BCG group but all of the five in the control group had stage D lymphomas. BCG treatment increased the rate of recovery from tumour-induced immunosuppression, but within the BCG group immunocompetence improved most rapidly in the patients who relapsed-a finding that appears to contradict the tenet retionalising the use of immunological adjuvants as treatment.
CD30 (Ki-1)-positive large-cell cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with secondary xanthomatous changes after radiation therapy
Authors: Han Gil Chung a, Yae Lee Chung a, Jin Moon Kang a, Woo Ick Yang b, Chang Ok Suh c, Jee Sook Hahn d, Min-Geol Leea a,b,c,d
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Abstract P3-09-15: Permanent chemotherapy induced alopecia in early breast cancer patients after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy: Long term follow up
Authors: M Bertrand, A Mailliez, S Vercambre, N Kotecki, L Mortier, J Bonneterre
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) persisting for more than six months after the end of chemotherapy is defined as permanent alopecia. Scalp cooling is proposed to reduce this distressing side-effect.We evaluated the prevalence and the risk factors of permanent CIA in breast cancer patients receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and methods: 79 patients (pts) treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC-100) and docetaxel) for early breast cancer at the Oscar Lambret Center between July 2005 and December 2007 were included in our study. Scalp cooling was used to all pts during chemotherapy. All patients underwent a clinical examination and photographs of the scalp five years after the end of chemotherapy. These images were analysed by two different physicians and patients were divided into two groups: alopecia (regardless of severity) and control. They were asked for the impact on their quality of life. Potential risk factors were collected. Results: 26 pts (32.9%) had alopecia: minimal (21 pts), moderate (2 pts) or severe (3 pts). In alopecia group, pts were significantly older and more often postmenopausal than in the control group (p 0.0073 and 0.005, respectively). In multivariate analysis (age and menopause), menopause was identified as a significant risk factor for developing alopecia (OR = 4.136, 95% CI (1.482-11.54)). The presence of impaired quality of life was significantly higher in the group alopecia than in the control group (p = 0.00006). There was no significant difference on personal history, potentially alopeciant drug intake (include hormonotherapy) and depilation of the eyebrows between the two groups. Main hypotheses are irreversible toxicity on stem cells follicles hairs, endocrine disorders and earlier onset of androgenetic alopecia in genetically predisposed subjects. Conclusion: The risk of permanent alopecia induced by anthracyclins and taxans based chemotherapy should not be underestimated. Early breast cancer pts, especially if they are postmenopausal, have to be aware of this toxicity with major aesthetic and psychosocial consequences. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-09-15.
Home device for breast cancer detection?
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An experimental breast cancer screening device intended for home use is reported to have picked up mammary tumors as small as 2 mm in diameter in asymptomatic women.  This is way before [two to ten years] the tumor becomes palpable or visualizable by mammogram, said cardiologist Harold L. Karpman, MD, associate clinical professor of medicine at the UCLA School of Medicine. He spoke at the Third International Congress of Thermology in Bath, England.  The Breast Cancer Screening Indicator he described is composed of two plastic disks containing heat-sensitive chemicals that are worn inside a woman's brassiere for 15 minutes each month so she can observe color changes that could indicate a breast abnormality.  In 179 symptomatic women who used the device under supervision of clinicians at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, MD Anderson Hospital in Houston, Brotman Memorial Hospital in Los Angeles, and UCLA, 74 of 84 unilateral
Serious adverse reactions to adrenaline are becoming more likely
Authors: J. A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Comparison of intemal malignancies between patients with multiple basal cell carcinomas and controls Malignancy Cases Controls Haematological* 5 Ot Breast 3 1 Gastrointestinal tract 1 2 Genitournary tract 4 4 Total 13 7 *Four patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one had chronic myeloid leukaemia.tP = 0.0625, McNemar's test (StatXact Turbo statistical package).
Tired of taking the blame, AIDS drug regulator Ellen Cooper quits
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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ALCOHOL IN THE SICK ROOM.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Clinical studies of the histories and early causes of many cases of inebriety, indicate that the injudicious use of alcohol or its compounds, prescribed as medicine, have been the starting point of many lamentable cases. There can be no doubt that such cases are more frequent than we are aware of; also that irregular practitioners and domestic prescriptions are responsible for a large share of them. A book on domestic medicine, quite popular a few years ago, and somewhat widely circulated, written by an irregular, in which alcohol was the common remedy recommended, has been the exciting cause in several well-authenticated cases of inebriety, and has probably been the origin of many others. The free use of bitters, containing alcohol in combination with very impure drugs, is responsible for a large per cent of such cases. Remedies that appear recommended in the newspapers, with alcohol as a base, are also
Identifying Manuscript Reviewers
Authors: Roy M Pitkin, Leon F Burmeister
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextSome journals routinely query potential referees before sending manuscripts ("askfirst"), whereas others just send manuscripts and allow referees to opt out ("justsend"). It is not known which protocol results in more completed reviews or shorter review time.MethodsTrial to assess proportion of referee turndowns and length of review process, conducted at editorial office of Obstetrics & Gynecology and involving 283 consecutive qualifying manuscripts. For each, a referee was randomly assigned to askfirst (manuscript sent only after affirmative response within 3 days) and another to justsend (manuscript sent with request to review; could opt out).ResultsOnly 64% of askfirst referees assented initially (15% declined [vs 8% for justsend, P = .008] and 21% failed to respond within 3 working days, necessitating a replacement). But once manuscript was mailed, mean time to file a review was significantly shorter for askfirst (21.0 vs 25.0 days, P<.001); thus, overall time to receipt of review did not differ significantly (24.7 vs 25.9 days, P = .19), nor did review quality (P = .39).ConclusionAskfirst led to a higher rate of referee turndown than did justsend, but assenting askfirst referees completed reviews faster. The overall time for the review process did not differ between the 2 protocols.