tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperthyroidism--a Disease of Old Age?
Authors: V. Ronnov-Jessen, C. Kirkegaard
Journal: BMJ (1973)

In a three-year project in which thyroid studies were undertaken for broad indications 49 cases of thyrotoxicosis were diagnosed; 28 of these patients were 60 years of age or older. Sixteen of these older patients had different forms of atypical thyrotoxicosis, and most were completely without the usual symptoms of the condition. It is concluded that thyrotoxicosis is more frequent in persons over 60 than in younger persons. Many older patients have various forms of masked thyrotoxicosis, and in many cases the correct diagnosis can be made only by undertaking thyroid studies on very wide indications.
Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid on human hepatocytes in primary culture
Authors: Sophie Hillaire, François Ballet, Dominique Franco, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Hepatic bile acid concentrations are elevated in chronic cholestasis because of reduced canalicular excretion and active ileal absorption of the fraction eliminated in the gut. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) reduces the intestinal absorption of endogenous bile acids, thereby diminishing the concentrations to which liver cells are exposed. In the isolated perfused liver (in which vectorial bile acid transport is maintained), UDCA reduces the cytotoxic and cholestatic effects of endogenous bile acids. As a result, it has been suggested that UDCA or one of its conjugates could have a direct protective effect on hepatocyte structure and function. We therefore studied the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) alone and in combination on the viability and certain functions of human hepatocytes in primary culture. TUDCA did not affect intracellular concentrations of CDCA when added concomitantly. In other experiments, CDCA (100 to 500 mumol/L) induced concentration-dependent increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and decreases in cellular protein synthesis and albumin secretion. Neither TUDCA nor UDCA had similar effects at the same concentrations, nor did they have a protective effect when added concomitantly with CDCA at equimolar or twice-equimolar concentrations. These results suggest that UDCA has no direct cytoprotective effect when the bile acid concentrations to which human hepatocytes are exposed are unchanged. They also suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of UDCA in cholestatic human liver diseases and in the isolated perfused liver loaded with hydrophobic bile acids occurs through its effect on intestinal and hepatocyte transport systems.
Human and animal health: strengthening the links
Authors: Robert Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2005)

E DITOR—The United Kingdom is strong in veterinary science. However, the same reassuring state of affairs does not obtain in one area in particular: comparative clinical science. The British Veterinary Association suggested that the first of these weaknesses could best be addressed by using the Medical Research Council (MRC) as a channel for funding.

In 2000 the MRC therefore agreed to establish a comparative clinical science panel, using new funds, for an initial trial period of five …
Abstract 496: Enhance efficacy of photodynamic therapy in combination with selenium in TC-1 animal model
Authors: Eun Kyung Oh, Lanying Wen, Sumi Bae, Sung Ha Lee, Young Lae Cho, Woong Shick Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that involves the interaction of the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light of specific wavelength to destroy tumor cells. To improve efficacy of PDT, the efforts are underway to develop combination protocols. Selenium is an essential trace element and has anticarcinogenic properties on a various human cancer model. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergetic anti-tumor effects of PDT plus selenium in vitro and in vivo. To compare the anti-proliferative effects by PDT, Selenium, or PDT plus selenium, MTT assay, microscopic observation and FACS analysis were performed. Apoptosis signaling pathways were analyzed using mouse signal transduction pathwayRT profiler PCR array (Superarray). For the vivo study, when tumor size was approximately 8 to 10 mm, Radachlorin (10mg/kg b.w.) was injected in to the tail vein at 3 hrs before irradiation with 100 J/cm2 of light and then selenium (1ug/kg b.w) was administrated daily during 20 days. Our results demonstrate that combination of selenium with PDT strongly inhibits growth of TC-1 cell and tumor in TC-1 cell implanted mice when compared to the other groups. Moreover, PDT and selenium treatment in TC-1 cells had apoptosis features in microscope and FACS analysis. Increased apoptosis was associated with tumor inhibition in the combination therapy group. In signal transduction pathway Superarray, genes closely relate to NFkB, p53, and phopholipase C pathway such as vcam1, mdm2, and fos were very significantly down-regulated at least 10 fold in TC-1 cell following co-treatment of PDT and selenium. Furthermore, anti-apoptosis related genes and tumor-promoting genes, birc2, birc3, hk2, ccl2, ptgs2, wisp1, mmp10 and wisp1 were also significantly down-regulated. Up-regulated genes by co-treatment of PDT and selenium had relatively low ranges of fold change than fold range of down-regulated genes and were related with cell survival and proliferation mechanism. These data indicate that combination therapy of selenium and PDT could more effectively induce tumor suppression response compared to PDT or Selenium alone. We suggest that combination therapy using PDT and selenium can be a useful to for inducing synergistic anticancer effect. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 496.
QL-12 * HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA RECEIVING INTRA-ARTERIAL CARBOPLATIN CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DISEASE CONTROL
Authors: K. Halbert, J. Trusheim, P. Bruns, K. Gilliland, M. Hultman, A. Schrecengost, N. Banerji
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Prognosis for recurrent glioblastoma remains poor, due to which aggressive treatment modalities are sometimes pursued for modest survival benefits. For a malignancy with such dire outcomes, purpose of treatment should extend well beyond prolonging survival, with additional focus on palliation of symptoms and maintenance of quality of life (QOL). We report here the effect of intra-arterial (IA) carboplatin chemotherapy on QOL and treatment related adverse reactions for patients with recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS: Recurrent glioblastoma patients treated with IA carboplatin with/without Avastin were enrolled in this study. QOL was measured at Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 4, and Month 6 with EORTC QLQ-30 & BN-20 questionnaires. Variations in scores of 7 selected domains expected to be most affected in glioblastoma patients were studied. These 7 domains were role functioning, social functioning, visual disorder, global-QOL, motor dysfunction, drowsiness, and communication deficit. RESULTS: Ten patients thus far have completed 6 months of follow-up in this study. In this cohort, most prevalent neurological complications were headaches and focal seizures. Seven patients reported fatigue during therapy. Procedure-related local (e.g. groin hematoma, bleeding at catheter insertion site) as well as distant (e.g. visual deficit) complications were noticed in a few patients. Grade 4 thrombocytopenia was observed in 1 patient. Longitudinal global-QOL scores were maintained or improved in a majority of patients over the 6-month follow-up period. Improvement in scores in the role function domain was observed in 9 out of 10 patients. CONCLUSION: IA carboplatin chemotherapy for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma is a relatively safe procedure associated with predominantly transient physiological and neurological complications. In this small study cohort, no significant detrimental effects on QOL scores were noticed in the seven preselected domains. Rather, an improvement in global QOL scores was observed in a majority of patients.
245 SPLENO-SYSTEMIC SHUNTS AND COVERT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATY
Authors: S. Tonello, S. Montagnese, S. Schiff, P. Amodio, P. Bizzotto, P. Pesce, A. Gatta, M. Bolognesi, D. Sacerdoti, G. Bombonato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1) and Cytomegalovirus in Two Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Antonio Bonetti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

A mononucleosis-like illness is frequently recognized retrospectively as the first manifestation of infection with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1). This acute but transient retroviral syndrome may include symptoms such as malaise, fever, sweats, myalgia, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, diarrhea, and lymphocytic meningitis. We observed two intravenous drug users who developed a severe, febrile illness with subsequent oral thrush (one also had biopsy-proven esophageal candidiasis). Both patients had weight loss, arthralgia, myalgia, and fatigue. These symptoms occurred two weeks after needle-sharing and persisted for 7 weeks in one patient and 10 weeks in the other. Both patients had serologic evidence for both acute HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus enhances HIV-1 replication in vitro, presumably by stimulating HIV-1 gene expression. Thus, the observed syndrome suggests that this viral interaction may be clinically significant because it appears to cause severe additional morbidity, which is not typical for primary infection with HIV-1. After 6 months of follow-up, one patient is completely asymptomatic but shows markedly reduced CD4+ lymphocytes. The other patient developed persistent lymphadenopathy after the acute illness, but is feeling well 21 months after infection.
Trophic Effect of Human Pericardial Fluid on Adult Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Stefano Corda, Alexandre Mebazaa, Maria-Pia Gandolfini, Catherine Fitting, Françoise Marotte, Jacqueline Peynet, Danièle Charlemagne, Jean-Marc Cavaillon, Didier Payen, Lydie Rappaport, Jane-Lyse Samuel
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Pericardial fluid (PF) may contain myocardial growth factors that exert paracrine actions on cardiac myocytes. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effects of human PF and serum, collected from patients undergoing cardiac surgery, on the growth of cultured adult rat cardiac myocytes and (2) to relate the growth activity of both fluids to the adaptive changes in overloaded human hearts. Both PF and serum increased the rate of protein synthesis, measured by [ 14 C]phenylalanine incorporation in adult rat cardiomyocytes (PF, +71.9±8.2% [n=17]; serum, +14.9±6.5% [n=13]; both P &lt;.01 versus control medium). The effects of both PF and serum on cardiomyocyte growth correlated positively with the respective left ventricular (LV) mass. However, the magnitude of change with PF was 3-fold greater than with serum ( P &lt;.01). These trophic effects of PF were mimicked by exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and inhibited by anti-FGF2 antibodies and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), suggesting a relationship to FGF2. In addition, FGF2 concentration in PF was 20 times greater than in serum. On the other hand, the LV mass–dependent trophic effect, present in both fluids, was independent of FGF2 concentration or other factors, such as angiotensin II, atrial natriuretic factor, and TGF-β. These data suggest that FGF2 in human PF is a major determining factor in normal myocyte growth, whereas unidentified LV mass–dependent factor(s), present in both PF and serum, participates in the development of ventricular hypertrophy.
A Clinical Lecture on CANCER OF THE STOMACH
Authors: R. P. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1933)

Cancer of the stomach is admitted to be a very depressing disease.It kills about 10,000' a year in England and Wales.and is said to account for one-third of all cancers in men and one-fifth in women.2It is so inisidious in onset, and so painless in progression, that it often passes unnoticed until it is too late for successful operation.But in spite of these facts there is too much pessimism about it in the minds of both the medical profession and the public, who often think and say that it is incurable, and therefore patients are not encouraged to come for operation, which is the only treatment-that can cure the disease.If a radical operation is done early there is a hope of cure in a fair proportion of cases; and from palliative operation of much relief and prolongation of
Intestinal Perforation During Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: ROBERT S. RIGOLOSI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Bowel perforation by a peritoneal dialysis catheter after 9 hr of normal dialysis occurred in a 79-year-old woman with intractable generalized edema due to severe congestive heart failure. At autopsy a perforation of the edematous sigmoid colon was associated with acute peritonitis.
Human Milk Banking
Authors: William Oh
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book compiles 16 manuscripts presented at a Nestlé nutrition workshop that deal with the principles and technology of human-milk banking and its application to clinical practice. As in most multiauthored books, the quality and style of the chapters in this publication vary considerably. To my knowledge, however, there are very few publications (if any) that have dealt specifically with this topic in detail and with considerable expertise. The principles of ultrafiltration and the methodology for preparation of milk concentrate and fraction are highly technical and will be useful to the readers who have specific interest in this area. The various chapters dealing with the clinical and nutritional aspects of human milk are, in general, excellent and should be of considerable interest to clinicians. It is increasingly evident that human milk is an important nutritional resource for the feeding of high-risk infants, particularly those of low birth weight. The technical
Software
Authors: Joan E. Hodgman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Benzene and leukemia: an epidemiologic risk assessment.
Authors: R A Rinsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

To assess quantitatively the association between benzene and leukemia, we evaluated the rate of mortality experienced by a cohort occupationally exposed to benzene. Using data from historical air sampling surveys, we estimated the daily benzene exposure for each member of the cohort. The expected number of leukemia deaths was calculated and compared to the actual number of leukemia deaths that occurred. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for leukemia was 337. Person-years at risk within the cohort were stratified by increasing levels of cumulative benzene exposure. The resulting SMRs increased from 109 to 322 to 1186 and to 6637 with respective increases in cumulative benzene exposure from less than 40 ppm-years to 40-199, 200-399, and greater than 400. The shape of the exposure-response relation was examined with a case-control analysis. Another analysis was performed to take into account an induction period for leukemia. All of the analyses demonstrated that a strongly positive exposure-response relationship exists between benzene and leukemia. Previous attempts to quantify this cohort's risk of developing leukemia were based on surrogates of exposure, such as duration of employment. Using actual air sampling data to estimate individual exposures represents a marked improvement over these previous attempts and emphasizes the importance of conducting industrial hygiene surveys and maintaining historical exposure records.
Putting improvement at the heart of health care
Authors: P. Wilcock
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The need to improve the quality and safety of health care has never been greater. 1 2 Two notions are central to good medical practice. Firstly, doctors continually monitor the care they offer, checking this against what they actually do and learning what they need to do differently.3 Secondly, in the words of the NHS Modernisation Agency, best care wraps around the patient, rather than the patient fitting the care that is offered.

Therefore it seems paradoxical that resistance by doctors towards activities promoting quality assurance and improvement is claimed to be found across all countries and health systems.4 Many reasons for such opposition have been suggested. One conclusion is that this will continue until role models emerge that are shown to work.4 In fact, such models already exist, for both improvement practice and medical practice.

The recent increase in reported improvement activity using the principles and methods of continuous quality improvement offers evidence of one approach that may deliver lasting changes. 5 6 Continuous quality improvement can be …
BROMOFORM IN PERTUSSIS.
Authors: P. J. EATON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

I wish to bring to your attention the results of some studies I have recently made upon bromoform; its chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic action in certain diseases. Bromoform is a colorless liquid of sp. gr. 2.83 at 0 degrees C., and is represented by the symbol C H Br. 3. It is produced by the action of bromin upon alcohol in the presence of an alkali. In practice, milk of lime is saturated with bromin, alcohol is added, and the mixture distilled. The resulting liquid is colorless, sweet to the taste, and gives the sensation of burning. Its physiology may be summed up in saying that it is an agreeable anesthetic, without danger, merely lowering blood pressure; a narcotic when used hypodermically; and, finally, is an antipyretic. The excitability of the psychomotor centers and the general reflexes are entirely abolished when anesthesia is complete. The urine contains bromin some hours
Biochemistry of Human Genetics
Authors: M. Bruce Sarlin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Designated with pride as one of the sponsor's anniversary publications commemorating 10 years of effective promotion of "international cooperation in medical and chemical research," this volume containing the proceedings of a well-organized symposium on the biochemistry of gene action is another feather in the cap of the Ciba Foundation. With Montalenti as chairman, the symposium was held at the University of Naples (May 13-16, 1959), cosponsored by the International Union of Biological Sciences, and attended by a group of 29 experts in biochemical, cytological, and bacterial genetics. Although formal papers were contributed only by 14 participants, each report has been combined with a carefully edited transcript of the general discussion which followed the presentation. In his introductory review of the remarkable progress which has recently been made in analyzing the genetic basis of human traits by means of highly refined laboratory techniques, Penrose presages a "molecular revolution." With biochemical methods
Cholera and Quarantine
Authors: T. M. Lownds
Journal: BMJ (1882)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) develop early in life and are thought to last a lifetime. However, ASC research has two major knowledge gaps that hinder progression in understanding the concept of ASC and in providing proper support for autistic adults: (1) the majority of knowledge about ASC mainly stems from childhood studies so little is known about older autistic adults and (2) while it is broadly recognised that ASC is a heterogeneous condition, we do not yet understand the differences in trajectories leading to their future outcome. We aim to fill both knowledge gaps. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> A multistage overlapping cohort design assessing (cognitive) ageing in ASC is designed to obtain an accelerated longitudinal data set. Data, including a multitude of questionnaires, diagnostics and cognitive tests, are collected over four waves within a 10-year time frame. This will provide information regarding actual changes in quality of life, co-occurring health conditions and cognition as well as the possibility to test external validity and temporal stability in newly formed behavioural subtypes. Participants consist of three groups of adults aged 20–90 years: (1) with a clinical diagnosis of ASC, (2) with a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but no ASC, (3) no ASC/ADHD (ie, comparison group). The sample size differs between waves and instruments. Detailed analysis plans will be preregistered in AsPredicted or at the Open Science Framework. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the ethical review board of the Department of Psychology of the University of Amsterdam (wave 1 2011-PN-1952 and 2013-PN-2668, wave 2 2015-BC-4270, waves 3 and 4 2018-BC-9285). In line with the funding policies of the grant organisation funding this study, future papers will be published open access.