tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the Future of AIDS
Authors: Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the relatively short span of three years, over 7,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been diagnosed in the United States<sup>2</sup>Preliminary surveillance reports also estimate over 500 cases in the rest of the Americas, 600 in Europe, and several thousand cases in central Africa.<sup>3</sup>With a mortality rate that, two years from diagnosis, exceeds 80%, this illness now ranks as one of the most serious epidemics confronting man in modern time. Medical scientists were recently rewarded with the recovery of a type C human retrovirus from AIDS patients and patients with prodromal signs and symptoms of AIDS.<sup>4,5</sup>While this retrovirus, referred to as "human T-cell lymphotropic virus" (HTLV-III) or "lymphadenopathy-associated virus" (LAV), has not been definitively proved to be the etiologic agent of AIDS, all available evidence strongly supports its causal role. The virus has been cultured from lymphocytes, lymph nodes, semen, and saliva
Book Review Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe By William Rosen. 367 pp., illustrated. New York, Viking, 2007. $27.95. 978-0-670-03855-8 Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750 Edited by Lester K. Little. 360 pp. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2007. $75. 978-0-521-84639-4
Authors: Raymond J. Dattwyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Lack of Subsensitivity to Albuterol After Treatment with Salmeterol in Patients with Asthma
Authors: HAROLD S. NELSON, ROBERT B. BERKOWITZ, DAVID A. TINKELMAN, AMANDA H. EMMETT, KATHLEEN A. RICKARD, STEVEN W. YANCEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The development of tolerance to the bronchodilator effects of β2-agonists used in asthma therapy has been the subject of debate. We conducted two placebo-controlled crossover studies to assess the bronchodilator response to a short-acting β2-agonist before and after chronic therapy with salmeterol. Patients in one study were corticosteroid-naive; patients in the other study were using inhaled corticosteroids. Changes in FEV1 after cumulative doubling doses of inhaled albuterol were assessed after a 2-wk β -agonist washout period, before administering study medication on Day 1, and again after 28 d of therapy. Ipratropium bromide was provided as rapid-relief treatment for asthma, and use of any β2-agonist except the study treatment was prohibited. On both assessment days for salmeterol, and during placebo administration periods, significant increases from predose FEV1 values were observed beginning with the lowest dose of albuterol and continuing throughout the dose–response assessment (p ⩽ 0.001). These increases in FEV1 were maintained for 6 h after the last dose of albuterol (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the albuterol dose response following salmeterol or placebo. These studies indicate that irrespective of concurrent corticosteroid treatment, chronic therapy with salmeterol does not result in tolerance to the bronchodilator effects of albuterol.
David Martin Walker
Authors: Peter Churn
Journal: BMJ (2007)

David Walker was a general practitioner of boundless energy and enthusiasm, humility, and charm. He graduated in 1975 from the first intake at Nottingham University, where he helped found the medical society (MedSoc) and was assistant international secretary of the British Medical Students Association (BMSA).

After his house officer posts at Nottingham General Hospital he obtained a place on the Charing Cross general practice vocational …
Alpha chain inclusions in E/beta thalassemia
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

An adult male from North-East India had a diagnosis of compound heterozygosity for hemoglobin E and b thalassemia, for which he had required splenectomy.The diagnosis was confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis which demonstrated 8% hemoglobin A, 33% hemoglobin F, and 59% hemoglobin E plus A 2 .His blood count showed RBC 2.67 3 10 12 /l, Hb 56 g/l, MCV 79 fl, MCH 21 pg, MCHC 268 g/l, and platelet count 699 3 10 9 /l.A blood film showed cells containing a globin chain inclusions (center), hypochromic cells, Pappenheimer bodies, Howell-Jolly bodies, and erythroblasts with dysplastic features (top right).The b E chain is synthesized at a reduced rate in comparison with b A so that hemoglobin E can be regarded as a thalassemic hemoglobinopathy.Compound heterozygosity with b thalassemia produces a condition that varies from mild to severe [1].This patient had severe manifestations.Dysplastic erythropoiesis is characteristic.The presence of a chain inclusions reflects the chain imbalance.
Aberrant cyclooxygenase isozyme expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: S Chariyalertsak
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>METHODS</h3> Cellular localisation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes COX-1 and COX-2 was analysed in 24 cholangiocarcinomas, including 17 matched tissues originating from non-tumorous liver tissue adjacent to tumours and seven biopsies of normal human liver, by immunohistochemistry using isozyme selective antibodies. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In normal liver, constitutive expression of COX-2 protein was a characteristic feature of hepatocytes whereas no COX-2 immunosignal was detectable in normal bile duct epithelium, Kupffer, and endothelial cells. In cholangiocarcinoma cells, COX-2 protein was strongly expressed at high frequency. The intensity, percentage of positive cells, and pattern of COX-2 expression were found to be independent of the stage of tumour differentiation. In hepatocytes of matched non-tumorous tissue, COX-2 expression was unaltered. In contrast, strong COX-1 expression was frequently localised to Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and occasionally to hepatocytes, but not to bile duct epithelial cells. In approximately half of moderately and poorly differentiated but not well differentiated cholangiocarcinomas, weak to moderate COX-1 staining was found in tumour cells while COX-1 expression in Kupffer cells was much more pronounced. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Aberrant COX-2 expression occurs during the early stage while COX-1 over expression seems to be related to later stages of cholangiocarcinogenesis.
Textbook of AIDS Medicine
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In scarcely a dozen years, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has permeated societal thinking to the extent that almost no one on this planet is ignorant of the disease. Paralleling public awareness is the body of scientific information on the subject—an amount that challenges the most avid reader of medical literature. Consider the chapter on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the most recent edition of<i>Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine</i>. Its 52 pages exceed the combined length of chapters on myocardial infarction, lung cancer, and cerebrovascular disease! As our understanding of AIDS increases, and as we see its complexity expanding, textbooks to analyze and condense this body of information become a necessity.<i>Textbook of AIDS Medicine</i>is the latest, and the best. For this is not just a book; it is an encyclopedia. Consider the challenge expressed by the editors: "to provide the reader with an ability to survey
A Case of Operation for Abscess of the Lung Due to Localised Necrosis
Authors: J. M. Clarke, C. A. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1897)

operation over it.The left side of the scrotum was ap parently normal; the external abdominal ring was con- siderably larger on that side than on the right, and the inguinal canal seemed large to the examining finger.No tumour could be felt in the inguinal region, and there was no appearance of a hernia on attempts at coughing.The rectum was empty; the abdomen slightly distended and tender all over.From the history of the patient's symptoms a diagnosis of a strangulated inguinal hernia was made, and from the appearance of the parts it was thought probable that the hernia had been reduced en masse by the patient and his son.Herniotomy was at once performed.A long oblique incision was made over the left inguinal canal.The external oblique aponeurosis was laid open along the full length of the wound.The spermatic cord and the tissues around appeared bruised and infiltrated with blood.Situated high up the inguinal canal, and covered by the internal oblique and trans- versalis muscles lay a dark-coloured sac, which on opening proved to be the old hernial sac full of very darkly-congested intestine.The intestine was almost black in colour, but after division of the neck of the sac it improved somewhat in colour, and so it was decided to return it.The empty sac was ligatured at its neck and excised.The aponeurosis and skin wound was treated in exactly the same way as in the first case.The patient's recovery was slow but uninterrupted.The bowels were open naturally on the third day, and all stitches removed on the eighth day.On July 5th it was found that the lower rectum had become distended with hardened masses of faeces, which copious enemata completely failed to dislodge.These had to be removed mechanically, after which the bowels acted regularly.He was discharged well on July I5th.
Carbohydrate deficient transferrin: a marker for alcohol abuse.
Authors: A. Kapur, G. Wild, A. Milford-Ward, D. R. Triger
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the value of serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin as detected by isoelectric focusing on agarose as an indicator of alcohol abuse.Coded analysis of serum samples taken from patients with carefully defined alcohol intake both with and without liver disease. Comparison of carbohydrate deficient transferrin with standard laboratory tests for alcohol abuse.A teaching hospital unit with an interest in general medicine and liver disease.22 "Self confessed" alcoholics admitting to a daily alcohol intake of at least 80 g for a minimum of three weeks; 15 of the 22 self confessed alcoholics admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal; 68 patients with alcoholic liver disease confirmed by biopsy attending outpatient clinics and claiming to be drinking less than 50 g alcohol daily; 47 patients with non-alcoholic liver disorders confirmed by biopsy; and 38 patients with disorders other than of the liver and no evidence of excessive alcohol consumption.Serial studies performed on the 15 patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal in hospital. MAIN OUTCOME measure--Determination of relative value of techniques for detecting alcohol abuse.Carbohydrate deficient transferrin was detected in 19 of the 22 (86%) self confessed alcohol abusers, none of the 47 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease, and one of the 38 (3%) controls. Withdrawal of alcohol led to the disappearance of carbohydrate deficient transferrin at a variable rate, though in some subjects it remained detectable for up to 15 days. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin was considerably superior to the currently available conventional markers for alcohol abuse.As the technique is fairly simple, sensitive, and inexpensive we suggest that it may be valuable in detecting alcohol abuse.
Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate)
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Some Considerations on the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rolf Luft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

I AM humbly grateful to the New England Diabetes Association for inviting me to deliver the Seventh Elliott Proctor Joslin Memorial Lecture, and to be the first person from outside the American continent to have received this honor.I should like to share with you one memory of Elliott Joslin. The year was 1955, and the place Cambridge, England. The occasion was the First International Diabetes Congress, and I had just given my paper on the effect of hypophysectomy on diabetic retinopathy. After this paper Dr. Joslin and I met by chance on the threshold of a small antique shop . . .
Cardiovascular Events After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Antonio E. Pontiroli
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Staging of Patients with Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Does FDG-PET/CT Have a Role?
Authors: Sonia L. Betancourt Cuellar, Brett W. Carter, Homer A. Macapinlac, Jaffer A. Ajani, Ritsuko Komaki, James W. Welsh, Jeffrey H. Lee, Stephen G. Swisher, Arlene M. Correa, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Wayne L. Hofstetter
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Abstract A10: Targeted genetic dependency screen facilitates identification of actionable mutations in FGFR4, MAP3K9, and PAK5 in lung cancer.
Authors: Shameem Fawdar, Eleanor W. Trotter, Yaoyong Li, Crispin Miller, John Brognard
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Approximately 70% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer present with late-stage disease and have limited treatment options, so there is a pressing need to develop efficacious targeted therapies for these patients. This remains a major challenge as the underlying genetic causes of ~50% of non-small-cell lung cancers remain unknown. We have recently demonstrated that a targeted genetic dependency screen is an efficient approach to identify somatic cancer alterations that are functionally important. By using this approach, we have identified three kinases with gain-of-function mutations in lung cancer, namely FGFR4, MAP3K9, and PAK5 (1). Mutations in these kinases are activating toward the ERK pathway, and targeted depletion of the mutated kinases inhibits proliferation, suppresses constitutive activation of downstream signaling pathways, and results in specific killing of the lung cancer cells. Genomic profiling of patients with lung cancer is ushering in an era of personalized medicine; however, lack of actionable mutations presents a significant hurdle. Our study indicates that targeted genetic dependency screens will be an effective strategy to elucidate somatic variants that are essential for lung cancer cell viability. Citation Format: Shameem Fawdar, Eleanor W. Trotter, Yaoyong Li, Crispin Miller, John Brognard. Targeted genetic dependency screen facilitates identification of actionable mutations in FGFR4, MAP3K9, and PAK5 in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A10.
EXEL-8232, a small-molecule JAK2 inhibitor, effectively treats thrombocytosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis in a murine model of myeloproliferative neoplasm induced by MPLW515L
Authors: G Wernig, M G Kharas, A Mullally, D S Leeman, R Okabe, T George, D O Clary, D G Gilliland
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Clinical Studies in Neurology
Authors: Alexander T. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This book was originally published in 1956, and we have waited a long time to see it again. It consists of a collection of weekly bedside lectures that Harry Lee Parker (late Senior Consultant in Neurology at the Mayo Clinic) gave to medical students and house officers in his native Dublin in 1934 and for several years thereafter. Each lecture begins with an anecdote bearing upon the subject to be discussed. Then comes a case presentation in a warm, lively, philosophical, witty style with an Irish lilt. At all times the patient is dealt with kindly and compassionately; the students are cajoled, chided, and adjured to be, above all, kind, charitable, and considerate of their patients and their fellow craftsmen. The cases are selected to demonstrate a wide variety of the common neurological disorders, and Dr. Parker discusses the clinical aspects, diagnosis, course, and treatment. Sometimes he overdramatizes; a patient
Thromboembolism in AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: Thomas Kaufmann
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) occurring in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) follows an aggressive clinical course. It frequently involves cutaneous and extracutaneous sites.<sup>1</sup>Prognosis bears a strong relationship to extent of disease, concomitant opportunistic infections, and ratio of helper and suppressor T cells.<sup>2</sup>Radiation therapy is often used for palliation of symptomatic lesions or to improve cosmesis. As a referral center for the treatment of KS, the Radiation Center of The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center has treated 219 patients with irradiation from September 1986 to June 1991. Eighty-six patients had involvement of the lower extremities and 58 of them had lower extremity lymphedema; eight of these patients died of suspected pulmonary thromboembolism. All had extensive involvement of a lower extremity with KS, lymphedema, and sudden onset of calf pain. Distal pulses were absent. Acute onset of chest pain and shortness of breath
Diagnosis and management of thalassaemia
Authors: M. Peters, H. Heijboer, F. Smiers, P. C. Giordano
Journal: BMJ (2012)

#### Summary points

Increasing global migration has resulted in wider dispersal of people at risk of hereditary anaemias. As a result, haemoglobinopathies are becoming increasingly prevalent in countries where these diseases are not endemic. The treatment of thalassaemia major and intermedia has traditionally depended on preventing undesirable outcomes of disease, using transfusion therapy along with iron chelation. The only cure for the disease is stem cell transplantation. However, this is a complicated procedure, with better outcomes when offered at young ages, which strengthens the desirability of screening newborns in high risk populations. Multidisciplinary management of thalassaemia is recommended by international guidelines. Antenatal prevention programmes consist of identifying and counselling couples who carry the relevant genes, and offering them different options to prevent having a child with thalassaemia. In this review we summarise diagnostic, treatment, and prevention options in thalassaemia for generalist readers.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Medline up to October 2011 and found several randomised controlled trials and cohort studies as well as international guidelines. We used the following search terms: thalassaemia major, thalassaemia intermedia, β thalassaemia, α thalassaemia, HbH disease, neonatal screening, iron overload, chelation therapies, deferoxamine, exjade, deferiprone, splenectomy, stem cell transplantation, hydroxyurea.

The thalassaemias are a group of recessively autosomal inherited conditions characterised by decreased or absence of synthesis of one of the two polypeptide …
Similarities in maximal biliary bilirubin output in the normal rat after administration of unconjugated bilirubin or bilirubin diglucuronide
Authors: Andreas Sieg, Adolf Stiehl, Karel P. M. Heirwegh, Johan Fevery, Richard Raedsch, Burkhard Kommerell
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The rate-limiting step in the overall plasma-to-bile transport of a saturating load of bilirubin is still a matter of controversy. We reassessed the apparent maximal biliary bilirubin excretion following i.v. infusion of unconjugated bilirubin and—for the first time—of highly purified bilirubin diglucuronide in the rat. The bilirubin diglucuronide preparation could be kept in a stable form at −20°C for at least 2 months after addition of 3 m M sodium ascorbate. The biliary bilirubin excretion rates in animals with and without bile depletion in order to induce different flow rates were comparable after infusion of unconjugated bilirubin and of bilirubin diglucuronide. No significant hydrolysis of bilirubin diglucuronide seemed to occur during the hepatic transport of the pigment. Injection of bilirubin diglucuronide into rats which were already being infused with saturating doses of unconjugated bilirubin did not result in increased biliary bilirubin excretion. In contrast, a reversible inhibition of bilirubin output and bile aciddependent bile flow was observed. If unconjugated and diglucuronidated bilirubin follow the same intracellular routes, the present results would suggest that conjugation did not restrict maximal biliary excretion. However, if exogenously administered diglucuronide utilizes a separate pathway, as was recently proposed, the biliary secretion of this exogenous conjugate might be restricted, presumably due to a toxic effect of the high local concentration of diglucuronide. The pathways utilized by the unconjugated pigment, on the other hand, could be primarily determined by the conjugating capacity.
Paget's Disease of the Mandible
Authors: ELMER NAHUM, BELUR CHANDRAMOULY, BEVERLY THORNHILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The incidence of Paget's disease of the mandible is reportedly rare. A routine bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of metastases revealed diffuse intense increased activity in the mandible, consistent with Paget's disease, which was confirmed on the radiographs.
THE EFFECT OF FAT AND OF CARBOHYDRATE DIETS ON THE EXCRETION OF CREATIN IN CASES OF RETARDED DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Francis H. McCrudden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

In two cases of infantilism of the type of Herter, in one case of achondroplasia, and in one case of cretinism, creatin was constantly present in the urine and was increased in amount when the ingestion of carbohydrates was increased.