tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF PPLO INFECTION
Authors: Michael S. Simberkoff, G. Jeanette Thorbecke, Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Extracts of five arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas inhibit PHA-induced lymphocyte mitosis, while extracts of five glucose-utilizing mycoplasmas do not. Evidence is presented supporting the view that the inhibitory factor is the enzyme arginine deiminase. This enzyme inhibits the reactions of human lymphocytes to antigens as well as PHA, and the secondary production of antibody by rabbit lymph node fragments in vitro. Addition of enzyme to the cells several days after the initial mitotic or antigenic stimulus reduces, but does not abolish, further cellular activity. The production of serum proteins by hepatoma cells is totally unaffected by the mycoplasmal extract. It is concluded that arginine is an essential amino acid for the small lymphocyte, but not for the transformed cell nor for a number of other cell types. Suggestive evidence has been obtained that other enzymes similarly affect lymphocyte reactions.
The Bureaucrat
Authors: Morgan Martin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

America's dim view of the bureaucrat needs reassessment because professional standards review organizations (PSROs) and national health insurance will increase the amount of contact between physician and bureaucrat. Inevitable conflict between The Organization and the physician is aggravated by the government-business adversary relationship based on constitutionalism. With more public funds, the budget-based health institution may acquire more of the characteristics of bureaucracy. For better understanding, the bureaucrat is described, and his main types and natural history outlined. Contrasts between business and government as revealed by interchange of executives are reported. Remedies for better interaction are suggested, including liaison groups and use of the apolitical, career bureaucrat. Rules for dealing with bureaucracies are listed, including The Constituent's Letter.
Curb challenges of the “Trojan Horse” approach: Smart strategies in achieving effective yet safe cell-penetrating peptide-based drug delivery
Authors: Yongzhuo Huang, Yifan Jiang, Huiyuan Wang, Jianxin Wang, Meong Cheol Shin, Youngro Byun, Huining He, Yanqin Liang, Victor C. Yang
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2013)
Arrhythmogenic properties of the ventricular myocardium in cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster, BIO 14.6 strain
Authors: O. Hano, T. Mitsuoka, Y. Matsumoto, R. Ahmed, M. Hirata, T. Hirata, M. Mori, K. Yano, K. Hashiba
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Incidence of spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias in the cardiomyopathic hamster, BIO 14.6 strain, were examined.A 3 min electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded weekly to 50 weeks of age. Programmed ventricular stimulation was then performed with single and double ventricular premature stimuli during both sinus rhythm and ventricular pacing, and with brief bursts of ventricular pacing to induce ventricular arrhythmias.19 male cardiomyopathic and 10 age matched normal hamsters from 16 to 50 weeks were used for recording the 3 min ECG; 11 cardiomyopathic and 10 normal hamsters aged 50 to 55 weeks were used for the induction of ventricular arrhythmias.Spontaneous and sporadic ventricular premature contractions were documented in 8.3% of 218 ECGs from the cardiomyopathic hamsters between the ages of 30 and 46 weeks, whereas no ventricular arrhythmia was recorded in normal hamsters throughout the entire follow up period. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was induced in 7/11 cardiomyopathic hamsters by single ventricular premature stimulus. Either NSVT or ventricular fibrillation was induced in all cardiomyopathic hamsters with a significantly prolonged intraventricular conduction delay and refractory period. In contrast, neither NSVT nor ventricular fibrillation was induced in normal hamsters.This study provides the first evidence of the high arrhythmogenicity of the ventricles in cardiomyopathic hamsters.
A Case of Symphysiotomy
Authors: W. J. Smyly
Journal: BMJ (1893)

A CASE OF SYMPHYSIOTOMY.["DC.oLN 885 Case xii it fell 6 per cent., there being no apparent reason for this asthe arsenic agreed well.Nor were the corpuscles affected, except in Case xiii, where a rise apparently took place at first, but was followed by a fall.Whetlher this was a real change or simply due to the admitted inaccuracy of the method of counting corpuscles, I am unable to say.In no case did arsenic improve the irregularities in size and con- tour of the red blood corpuscles.My own opinion is that it -exerts no direct influenee on the blood in chlorosis.Whether it has an indirect value in chlorosis when given in combination with iron is very diffi, ult to say.I have several times attempted to compare the relative rapidity with which cases treated with iron alone and iron plus arsenic recover, but it is impossible to do so satisfactorily, for the simple reason that apparently similar eases vary much in the time
Eczema Vaccinatum as a Complication of Keratosis Follicularis
Authors: William Gerstein, Walter B. Shelley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

KERATOSIS follicularis (Darier's disease) is an unusual, genetically determined skin disease characterized by a papular, verrucous and crusting eruption. The etiology is unknown, though the familial tendency is well documented. Viral and metabolic origins have been postulated, but these have not been substantiated.1 In this relation it is interesting that exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light has long been recognized as capable of producing typical lesions in the susceptible person (Koebner phenomenon). Finally, the evidence that keratosis follicularis may actually be a neoplastic process has been summarized elsewhere.2 Patients with keratosis follicularis are subject to various complications, some of which . . .
Defective preprogramming does not account for the clinical deficits of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Daniel M. Corcos, Kerstin D. Pfann, Aron S. Buchman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Latash &amp; Anson argue that changed motor patterns should not be viewed as pathological. Instead, they should be viewed as adaptations to a primary deficit. We argue that the evidence shows: (1) bradykinesia is not an adaptation to a different primary deficit, and (2) bradykinetic movements are not “normal” slowed movements but, to the contrary, bradykinesia is part of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children.
Authors: C S Peckham, P A Gardiner, H Goldstein
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Children who had acquired myopia by the age of 11 years were identified from a nationally representative sample. There were no overall sex differences in its occurrence but myopia was more common in children from non-manual families than in those from manual families. Short-sighted children were more likely to come from small families and to be of higher birth order than children with normal vision, and these associations held within each social class. At 11 years myopic children showed striking advantages in educational performance over their normal-sighted peers, as judged by tests of reading, arithmetic, and general ability. After adjustments had been made for social background, this age gain still amounted to over one year. Findings obtained at 7 years of age showed that superior educational attainments were already apparent before the onset of myopia. Children with myopia read in their leisure time more often than normally sighted children, but despite the visual impairment, they participated in outdoor sports as often as other children.
Storing methadone in babies' bottles puts young children at risk
Authors: K. Harkin, C. Quinn, F. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This study investigated the extent to which babies' bottles are used to measure and store methadone.  Nine general practitioners participated in the study, and 186 consecutive patients were surveyed, 48 of whom had used a baby's bottle to measure methadone in the previous month.  The authors conclude that the use of a baby's bottle to measure and store methadone seems to be common among patients prescribed the drug in Dublin, and recommend that a measuring device be issued with each instalment of methadone dispensed.
Pneumonia: Let's avoid confusion of secondary and primary care issues in pneumonia
Authors: Wei Shen Lim, Zara Hoare
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Summary</h3> The human genome encodes ∼20,000 proteins, many still uncharacterised. Scientific and social factors have resulted in a focus on well-studied proteins, leading to a concern that poorly understood genes are unjustifiably neglected. To address this, we have developed an “Unknome database” that ranks proteins based on how little is known about them. We applied RNAi in <i>Drosophila</i> to 260 unknown genes that are conserved between flies and humans. About a quarter are required for viability, and functional screening of the rest revealed hits for fertility, development, locomotion, protein quality control and resilience to stress. CRISPR/Cas9 gene disruption validated a component of Notch signalling and two genes contributing to male fertility. Our work demonstrates the importance of poorly understood genes, provides a resource for future research acceleration, and highlights a need for our awareness of ignorance to be protected from erosion by automated database annotation.
Analysis of pediatric blood lead levels in New York City for 1970-1976.
Authors: I H Billick, A S Curran, D R Shier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A study was completed of more than 170,000 records of pediatric venous blood levels and supporting demographic information collected in New York City during 1970-1976. The geometric mean (GM) blood lead level shows a consistent cyclical variation superimposed on an overall decreasing trend with time for all ages and ethnic groups studied. The GM blood lead levels for blacks are significantly greater than those for either Hispanics or whites. Regression analysis indicates a significant statistical association between GM blood lead level and ambient air lead level, after appropriate adjustments are made for age and ethnic group. These highly significant statistical relationships provide extremely strong incentives and directions for research into casual factors related to blood lead levels in children.
Immune response hinders therapy for lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Katherine P. Ponder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) involves i.v. injection of α-l-iduronidase, which can be taken up by cells throughout the body. While a significant immune response to ERT has been shown in patients with MPS I, little is known about what effect anti-enzyme antibodies have on treatment efficacy. In this issue of the JCI, Dickson et al. demonstrate that anti-enzyme antibodies inhibit enzyme uptake and substantially limit the therapeutic efficacy of ERT in canines with MPS I (see the related article beginning on page 2868). Furthermore, the induction of immune tolerance — via oral delivery of cyclosporine A and azathioprine for two months at the time of initiation of ERT with recombinant human α-l-iduronidase — improved enzyme uptake in organs. Therefore, transient immunosuppression may enhance ERT for lysosomal storage diseases.
SARCOMA OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: D. S. FAIRCHILD
Journal: JAMA (1902)

During the present year a lady 65 years of age came under my care presenting the following history and symptoms. The mother of several children, she had enjoyed good health until about two years ago, when she began to be troubled with constipation and pain in the lower part of abdomen and a sense of weight and pressure in the pelvis. These symptoms gradually increased. About six months prior to coming under my observation the symptoms became more acute, when she had, according to her statement, a discharge of fluid from the bowels. This gave her a measure of relief, but soon the same chronic condition she had previously suffered from appeared and continued on with some increase in severity until she came under my care in August of last year. A physical examination revealed the uterus to be uniformly enlarged to two or three times its normal size and
Mitral Valve Area: Measurement Soon After Catheterization
Authors: HOWARD S. RICHTER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A rare opportunity to measure mitral valve area at autopsy shortly after its estimation by means of cardiac catheterization was afforded without the complicating influences of surgery, subacute bacterial endocarditis, smouldering rheumatic valvulitis, or a long enough time interval between catheterization and postmortem study for increased stenosis or increased cardiomegaly to occur. The postmortem estimation of mitral valve area varied between 75 and 213 per cent greater than the mitral valve area estimated from cardiac catheterization data.
Savings? What savings?
Authors: R. Levy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

You don’t have to be Ben Goldacre to realise that there is something fishy about the values quoted by Dyer for NHS payments of damages and legal costs in clinical negligence cases.1 The justice secretary, Kenneth Clarke, used these values when he told listeners of BBC Radio 4’s Today programme on 29 March 2011: “I mean in 2008-9 the NHS did pay …
Allergic Proctocolitis Associated With Cow's Milk With An Unusual Evolution
Authors: C.M.A. Jacob, D.L.A. Pitarello, A.C. Pastorino, M.M.F. Trevisan, Y.L. Koda, E. Vidolin, A.P.B.M. Castro
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Helicobacter pylori, Gastroduodenal Disease, and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Authors: Colin Macarthur
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship between<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection and antral gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and recurrent abdominal pain in children. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A MEDLINE search from January 1983 through July 1994 was used to identify pertinent English-language publications.<i>Current Contents</i>and selected specialty journals were searched manually. Editorials, reviews, case reports, abstracts, and letters to the editor were excluded. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All studies in children (ie, 0 to 18 years) were included. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Hill's criteria for causal inference were used to determine the strength of the evidence for a causal relationship. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —In total, 45 studies (case series, cross-sectional surveys, and treatment trials) were retrieved. The rate ratio of antral gastritis in children with<i>H pylori</i>infection (compared with uninfected children) ranged from 1.9 to 71.0 (median, 4.6). The prevalence of<i>H pylori</i>infection in children with duodenal ulcer was high (range, 33% to 100%; median, 92%) compared with children with gastric ulcer (range, 11% to 75%; median, 25%). Prevalence rates of infection in children with recurrent abdominal pain were inconsistent (range, 0% to 81%; median, 22%), with lower rates in children meeting Apley's criteria (range, 0% to 9%; median, 6%). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —There is strong evidence for an association between<i>H pylori</i>infection and antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer disease in children; however, data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trials are required. There is weak evidence for an association with gastric ulcer and weak or no evidence for an association with recurrent abdominal pain. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:729-734)
Investigation of structural proteins in human hair defects using anagen follicles
Authors: L.N. JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

An alternative to using hair specimens for the study of inherited hair shaft defects has been to explore protein compositions in the context of hair formation. Hair follicles were obtained from patients with a hair disorder and the presumptive hair shaft (PHS) separated by microdissection for protein solubilization and electrophoretic experiments aimed at providing a new basis to help explain the mechanism of hair shaft defects. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (fluorographs) of labelled extracts was used to examine the major hair structural proteins and other polypeptide(s) found associated with PHS extracts in normal and aberrant specimens. Changes in either the intermediate filaments (IFs) or matrix polypeptides were not normally found in defective PHS specimens. The polypeptides showing greatest variation were associated with a PHS-specific component which was recently found in normal specimens. The variation in this polypeptide was manifested as multiple spots of different molecular weights. An investigation of the role of PHS-associated polypeptides as a likely part of the hair cross-linking mechanisms, involved examination of a PHS extract from a Menkes' patient. The observations suggest that formation of hair fibre shaft defects may be related to the status of PHS-associated polypeptides which could in turn be influenced by the presence of copper in the hair follicle.
The Future of Surgery
Authors: H. Ogilvie
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Unravelling the mystery of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) requires urgent resolution given the worldwide increase of the aging population. There is a growing concern that the current leading AD hypothesis, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, does not stand up to validation with respect to emerging new data. Indeed, several paradoxes are being discussed in the literature, for instance, both the deposition of the Amyloid-Beta peptide (Aβ) and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) could occur within the brain without any cognitive pathology. Thus, these paradoxes suggest that something more fundamental is at play in the onset of the disease and other key and related pathomechanisms have to be investigated. The present study follows our previous investigations on the infectious hypothesis, which posits that some pathogens are linked to late onset AD. Our studies also build upon the shattering finding that Aβ is a powerful antimicrobial agent capable of inhibiting pathogens as observed in <i>in vitro</i> experiments. Herein, we ask what are the molecular mechanisms in play when Aβ neutralizes infectious pathogens? To answer this question, we probed at nanoscale lengths with FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer), the interaction between Aβ peptides and glycoprotein B (responsible of virus-cell binding) within the HSV-1 virion. We concluded that there is indeed a close interaction, likely nonspecific or semi-specific, between the two types of molecules, which participate in virus neutralization.
Serum Homocysteine in Relation to Mortality and Morbidity From Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Dimitri Edin Zylberstein, Calle Bengtsson, Cecilia Björkelund, Sverre Landaas, Valter Sundh, Dag Thelle, Lauren Lissner
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Elevated serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in men. However, there are few prospective population studies on female cohorts, and none of these has been longer than 13 years.The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg began in 1968/1969, at which time a representative population-based cohort of women aged 38, 46, 50, 54, and 60 years was recruited. The present cohort is a prospective follow-up of 1368 women in the original cohort for whom blood samples were stored and who were free of previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the 1968/1969 baseline. Homocysteine was analyzed in 2001 with frozen serum from the baseline study and related to AMI incidence and mortality during 24 years of follow-up. Cox regression analyses were used with adjustment for age, traditional risk factors, and tHcy modifiers. For the fifth tHcy quintile, relative risk was 1.86 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.26) for AMI and 5.14 (95% CI 2.22 to 11.92) for death due to AMI. Age-standardized Kaplan-Meier plots for the fifth tHcy quintile versus others showed significant differences both for AMI and for death due to AMI that were apparent after 15 years of follow-up.Homocysteine in middle-aged women is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and in particular mortality due to myocardial infarction. The study illustrates that long-term prospective studies might be necessary to show effects of homocysteine levels on AMI morbidity and mortality in women.
Adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid binding proteins control integrated metabolic responses in obesity and diabetes
Authors: Kazuhisa Maeda, Haiming Cao, Keita Kono, Cem Z. Gorgun, Masato Furuhashi, Kadir T. Uysal, Qiong Cao, Genichi Atsumi, Harry Malone, Bala Krishnan, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Barbara B. Kahn, Rex A. Parker, Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
The cGMP-specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor E4021 Dilates the Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: ROBERT C. DUKARM, JAMES A. RUSSELL, FREDERICK C. MORIN, BRYAN J. PERRY, ROBIN H. STEINHORN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We investigated the pulmonary vascular effects of E4021, a potent inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, in control late-gestation fetal lambs, and in newborn lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) after prenatal ligation of the ductus arteriosus. E4021 alone significantly relaxed fifth-generation pulmonary arteries isolated from control fetal lambs, an effect completely blocked after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In contrast, E4021 did not relax pulmonary arteries isolated from hypertensive lambs. Pretreatment with E4021 (10(-7) M) significantly enhanced relaxations to the NO donor S-nitrosyl-acetyl-penicilamine (SNAP) in arteries from both control and hypertensive lambs. In control, fully instrumented fetal lambs, infusions of E4021 (31 microgram/min) selectively dilated the pulmonary circulation, an effect again blocked after inhibition of NO synthase. Further studies were performed in newborn lambs with PPHN to study the vascular effects of E4021 alone, and in combination with inhaled NO. E4021 alone (1 to 100 microgram/kg/min) decreased pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in a dose-dependent fashion, and had minimal effect on systemic pressure. At the highest dose (100 microgram/kg/min), the dilation was selective for the pulmonary circulation. In subsequent protocols, E4021 (10 microgram/kg/min) significantly decreased Ppa and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), but these pulmonary vascular effects were not enhanced after NO inhalation at 0.5 or 5 ppm. We speculate that the lack of enhancement was due to the dramatic effects of E4021 alone. Potent, specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as E4021 may prove to be useful in the treatment of PPHN.
Glycophorin A biodosimetry in Chernobyl cleanup workers from the Baltic countries
Authors: W. L Bigbee, R. H Jensen, T. Veidebaum, M. Tekkel, M. Rahu, A. Stengrevics, A. Kesminiene, J. Kurtinaitis, A. Auvinen, T. Hakulinen, K. Servomaa, T. Rytomaa, G I. Obrams, J. D Boice Jr
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident resulted in massive contamination of the area, necessitating evacuation of the population, extensive environmental cleanup of radioactive materials, and construction of a sarcophagus to isolate the reactor.1 These operations were accomplished by 500000 to 600000 workers from all 15 republics of the former Soviet Union. To characterise the exposure to radiation and the potential adverse health outcomes in these populations, we have undertaken a comprehensive cohort study in the Baltic countries using record linkage techniques. Here we report estimates of physical doses and biodosimetry data for 782 of these workers.

We identified three populations of Chernobyl workers who were male residents of Estonia (4836), Latvia (5709), and Lithuania (5446) and who were sent to the Chernobyl area primarily in 1986 or 1987. Estimates of their physical doses …