tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Group Y Neisseria meningitidis Among Oncology Patients
Authors: Myron S. Cohen, Allen C. Steere, Robert Baltimore, Alexander von Graevenitz, Elizabeth Pantelick, Burdeen Camp, Richard K. Root
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Within 4 days, two oncology patients in the Clinical Research Unit had bacteremia caused by group Y Neisseria meningitidis. Three additional patients, identified by prevalence survey, were found to have nasopharyngeal colonization with that serogroup, compared with only one employee (not associated with patients) and no family contacts. Infected and colonized (case) patients were located in the same or adjacent rooms but did not have close contact. A comparison of host and risk factors showed no significant differences between case patients and the other (control) patients located in the same rooms. In retrospect, the index patient, who had marked sputum production but was not isolated, had unrecognized meningococcal pneumonia and probably was the hospital source of a heavy, airborne dispersal of organisms to other patients. Respiratory isolation is warranted for patients with suspected N. meningitidis infection.
P407Influence of preconditioning by diazoxide on rat heart mitochondria: interaction with the effect of streptozotocin diabetes
Authors: M Jasova, I Kancirova, M Murarikova, S Carnicka, P Namer, I Waczulikova, A Ziegelhoffer, M Ferko
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Diazoxide (DZX) is frequently used for induction of effective pharmacological preconditioning (P-PC) of the myocardium in the animal models. This compound was originally classified as an opener of the mitochondrial (MIT) ATP-dependent potassium channels (KATP). But, afterwards it was demonstrated that DZX also i) acts as an inhibitor of the Krebs cycle at the level of succinate dehydrogenase, ii) supports free radicals generation and iii) acts more as a PKC-ε activator than as the activator of KATP channels, which is its secondary effect only. Taking into consideration all these effects of DZX, no satisfactory explanation for the molecular mechanism of its cardioprotective action has been introduced up to now. In the independent studies it was demonstrated that the acute streptozotocin-diabetes (DIA) also confers cardioprotective effect and that the finding of considerably stimulated heart MIT Mg2+-ATPase is intimately involved in this protection. Aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the MIT Mg2+-ATPase and membrane fluidity in the mechanism of DZX action and, in this way, to bring the preconditioning with DZX closer to practical applicability. Methods: Experiments were performed on 9-11 week old male Wistar rats devided into healthy and DIA groups. Acute DIA (8 days) was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg.kg-1, i.p.). Heart mitochondria isolated by differential centrifugation were exposed to DZX (0-7 μmol.l-1). MIT ATP synthase activity, detected in the reaction that proceeded in the opposite direction i.e., as Mg2+-ATPase was assessed by measuring of Pi liberated from ATP splitting. Fluidity of the lipid bilayer of the MIT membrane was estimated by measuring fluorescence anisotropy with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Results: Starting with the concentration of 3.5 μmol.l-1 DZX induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in Mg2+-ATPase activity in MIT from healthy hearts. A similar trend was observed also in DIA hearts, but it reached no statistical significance even at 7 μmol.l-1. The stimulation of the enzyme activity was not accompanied with any considerable changes in MIT membrane fluidity. Conclusions: Concentrations of DZX equal to or above 5 μmol.l-1 stimulate (p<0.05) the activity of MIT Mg2+-ATPase by a direct interaction with the enzyme molecule as it was revealed by the enzyme kinetics analysis. Stimulation of MIT Mg2+-ATPase plays an essential but not exclusive role in cardioprotective effect provided by both DZX and DIA. Grants: VEGA 2/0101/12, 2/0094/12, APVV 0102-11, KEGA 003 UK-4/2012.
Influence of Urbanicity and County Characteristics on the Association between Ozone and Asthma Emergency Department Visits in North Carolina
Authors: Jason D. Sacks, Ana G. Rappold, J. Allen Davis, David B. Richardson, Anna E. Waller, Thomas J. Luben
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Air pollution epidemiologic studies, often conducted in large metropolitan areas because of proximity to regulatory monitors, are limited in their ability to examine potential associations between air pollution exposures and health effects in rural locations.
Back to the future: so what will fibrinolytic therapy offer your patients with myocardial infarction?
Authors: J R Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

disorders."In any case, clinicians are unlikely to stop using the word neurosis in their everyday work as a useful collective term for a common group of problems.Indeed, these current disputes about the term neurosis are reminders of a debate some years ago about another controversial word, hysteria.At that time Sir Aubrey Lewis wrote "a tough old word like hysteria dies very hard.It tends to outlive its obituarists."''Though neurosis is not as old a word as hysteria, it is likely to prove to be no less tough.
Histopathological parameters determining lesion colours in the naevus of Ota: a morphometric study using computer-assisted image analysis
Authors: N-K. Rho, W-S. Kim, D-Y. Lee, J-M. Yang, E-S. Lee, J-H. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Naevus of Ota manifests various colours ranging from light brown to blue. Naevus colours have been claimed to reflect the depth of melanin pigments but the claim has rarely been substantiated by quantitative studies.We attempted both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the naevus of Ota to find out relations between histological patterns or parameters of melanin/melanocytes and lesion colours.Lesion colours were determined by one of the authors and were confirmed by a separate panel of dermatologists. Forty biopsy specimens of naevus of Ota were evaluated by both computer-assisted quantitative image analysis and a previously proposed conventional pattern analysis.The mean area fraction (AFmean) of melanin, the depth of the maximum area fraction of melanin (level of AFmax) and the depth of the deepest infiltrating melanocyte were significantly greater or deeper for bluish lesions than brownish lesions. Based on the qualitative pattern analysis we found that all the brownish lesions demonstrated superficial dermal melanin pigments, whereas bluish lesions tended to show more heterogeneous histological patterns. Eyelid lesions, all of which were bluish, revealed greater AF(mean) value than cheek lesions, presenting as either brownish or bluish colours.Quantitative analysis indicated that pigment density measures such as AFmean could be as important as the depth of melanocytes in the explanation of the lesion colours in naevus of Ota. However, qualitative pattern analysis failed to link specific patterns with lesion colours, especially in bluish lesions, probably due to the lack of consideration of the pigment density.
Analysis of coronary responses to various doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin.
Authors: R L Feldman, J D Marx, C J Pepine, C R Conti
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We studied the degree of coronary artery dilation resulting from increasing doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG). Heart rate, aortic pressure and coronary artery angiograms were recorded before and after 5-, 50-, 150- and 250-microgram doses of NTG infused into the left main coronary artery. Coronary artery diameters were measured by a magnification angiographic technique. After intracoronary NTG, heart rate was unchanged 2 minutes after each dose. Mean aortic pressure was unchanged after 5 microgram (NS), but declined 5 mm Hg (mean) after 50 microgram, 9 mm Hg after 150 microgram and 18 mm Hg after 250 microgram (all p less than 0.05) compared with before NTG. The maximal increase in diameter occurred after 150 microgram, and no additional increase was seen after 250 microgram. After 5- and 50-microgram doses, 67% and 75% maximal dilation responses, respectively, were observed. Compared with coronary artery diameter before NTG, the 150-microgram dose increased the diameter of left main coronary artery by 5%, proximal coronary artery segments by 9%, middle segments by 19%, distal segments by 34%, collateral-filled coronary arteries by 38%, coronary artery stenoses by 5%, and small coronary arteries (0.4-1.0 mm) by 54%. These data indicate that relatively small doses of intracoronary NTG produce potentially important coronary artery dilation without important changes in heart rate and aortic pressure. These observations should prove helpful in choosing dosage schedules for intracoronary NTG.
Management of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: J. G Gow
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Most cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis respond well to chemotherapy. The standard regimen is isoniazid + rifampicin daily for 6 months, with the addition of pyrazinamide for the first 2 months. Chemotherapy is given for 9 or 12 months in meningitis, and in some cases of lymphadenitis and bone and joint disease. If initial drug resistance is suspected, either streptomycin or ethambutol should be added to the first phase of treatment. Only a minority of cases need surgical treatment but surgical diagnostic procedures are often useful. Corticosteroids are not recommended for routine use but can be valuable in lymphadenitis, meningitis, pericarditis and genito-urinary disease.
Return to Proprietary Apprentice Medical Education?
Authors: Seymour Jotkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  I report an alarming occurrence that colleagues inform me is not at all unusual. A medical student attending a proprietary medical school in Mexico requested that he spend his entire neurology clerkship passively observing my hospital rounds. There was no requirement for his working up patients, let alone critique of his neurological examination and diagnostic and therapeutic formulations. Nevertheless, he stated he would be given full credit by his medical school for neurology, merely on my stipulation that he did, in fact, spend a month with me. I assume that he would also be required to pass a formal written examination. It thus appears that we are going full circle, returning to the pre-Flexner days of proprietary apprenticeship medical education. Hence the danger that the advances in scientific medicine will be jeopardized by those who have a poor background in clinical medical science.  It may be that
High risk for vascular events in patients with protruding aortic atheromas: A prospective study
Authors: Paul A. Tunick, Barry P. Rosenzweig, Edward S. Katz, Robin S. Freedberg, John L. Perez, Itzhak Kronzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the risk of vascular events in patients with protruding aortic atheromas.Protruding atheromas of the thoracic aorta have been shown to be associated with embolic disease in previous retrospective studies.During a 1-year period, 521 patients had transesophageal echocardiography. Of these, 42 patients had protruding atheromas and no other source of emboli. They were followed up for up to 2 years (mean follow-up 14 months) and compared with a control group without atheromas, matched for age, gender and hypertension.Of 42 patients with atheromas, 14 (33%) had 19 vascular events during follow-up (5 brain, 2 eye, 4 kidney, 1 bowel, 7 lower extremity). Of 42 control patients, 3 (7%) had vascular events (2 brain, 1 eye). Univariate analysis identified only protruding atheromas as significantly correlating with events (p = 0.003). There was no positive correlation of events with age, gender, hypertension, smoking, family history, atrial fibrillation, valve replacement, antithrombotic drug use, diabetes or coronary disease. Multivariate analysis showed that only protruding atheromas independently predicted events (p = 0.005, odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 15.0). Nine patients died in the atheroma group versus six in the control group, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.39).Protruding atheromas seen on transesophageal echocardiography predict future vascular events.
Mechanism of fat malabsorption in rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: N. D. Gallagher, M. R. Playoust, L. E. A. Symons
Journal: Gut (1971)

Long-chain fatty acid absorption in rats with a jejunal lesion similar to that which is found in adult coeliac disease has been studied. Neither changes in the solubility of the fatty acid in the intestinal lumen nor histological abnormalities of the villous epithelium accounted for the malabsorptive state. Evidence was obtained from studies <i>in vivo</i> of a disturbance in the intramucosal esterification of long-chain fatty acid. Assay of the activity of the microsomal enzymes responsible for the conversion of fatty acid to triglyceride revealed that this pathway was defective in the parasitized animals.
Tangier Disease (α-Lipoprotein Deficiency)
Authors: Jacob G. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A patient with asymptomatic hypocholesterolemia, mild hyperbilirubinemia, and splenomegaly was found, on lipoprotein analysis, to have Tangier disease (alpha-lipoprotein deficiency). He represents the first patient with the disease in the northeastern Unit States. Although free of clinical evidence of atherosclerosis at age 38 years, the patient has widespread tissue cholesterol ester deposition and a stron family history of atherosclerosis. Tangier disease may be much underdiagnosed; it should be suspected in every patient with hypocholesterolemia.
Egypt considers care in community
Authors: M Gulens
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Appalling conditions at one of Egypt's largest psychiatric hospitals has prompted the Ministry of Health to set up a committee of psychiatrists to decide the future of the country's main psychiatric institutions. Abbasseya Psychiatric Hospital, built in the grounds of a former palace in Cairo, originally served as a hospital for the slaves of King Khedive in 1880. Over the past 40 years, doctors say, the hospital has been deprived of funds and has steadily deteriorated. “Many patients do …
Coronary heart disease. The seventh Hahnemann symposium
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The symposium whose proceedings are made into a book has become a symbol of an age of specialization, and a proliferating landmark on the contemporary literary scene. Although the main themes of symposia can vary from the minutely discrete to the broadly general, the published texts often have certain common, identifying features: ( 1 ) The remarks of the assembled panel of experts often seem to lose clarity when converted from oral to written form. (2) The editors, after struggling with garbled tape transcriptions, illegible platform notes, and overdue manuscripts, generally defer to their contributors and often arrange, rather than edit, the written material. (3) The multiple authors, covering overlapping topics, inevitably produce unevenness in writing, needless repetitions, and unresolved contradictions. (4) The reviewer is often left with the dilemma of determining the purpose of the book, the audience it best serves, and the durability of data and opinions that may become
Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: JAMES H. MOLLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

EDITORresembles ours in that none had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and most apparently lacked known heart disease.The stimulation sequences employed by Coumel et al. did not allow uniform observations to be made in each patient, and the functional state of the A-V conducting system was not systematically mea- sured.Nevertheless, analysis of their entire group of patients provides an experience similar to our own, and these authors reach conclusions similar to our own.Minor misinterpretations can be found; these occur because the authors did not have precise information on the A-V refractory periods.However, the analysis provided by these authors is, in general, outstanding, and their work is a valuable contribution to the literature.We would agree with these authors that simultaneous electrical stimulation of atria and ventricles, in skilled hands, provides an elegant mode of therapy in patients who suffer hemodynamic consequences of their tachycardia and are not adequately controlled by drugs.The point regarding the components of the reentrant pathway raised by Dr. Langendorf is worthy of serious consideration.First, most authors studying this problem do consider at least a small portion of the atrium to be a necessary component of the reentry path.Second, we know that conduction in the A-V nodal tissues (or other cardiac tissues when depolarized) can be incred- ibly slow and, therefore, the length of a reentrant pathway can be very small, i.e., the reentrant pathway in the A-V junction need not, a priori, contain the atrium.One of us (BNG), in collaboration with Dr. A. Wit, recently studied in vitro paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) occurring in an isolated rabbit right atrial- A-V nodal preparation (Circulation, In press).By microelectrode techniques, the findings during reentry and SVT suggest that the A-H interval does, in fact, represent the antegrade A-V nodal conduction time of the reentrant beat.Direct recordings from the A-V node demonstrate that reentry occurs in upper A-V nodal cells.Further, sectioning of various areas of the right atrium in this same preparation provides further support for the suggestion that some portion of the right atrium is involved in the reentrant pathway.Adequate microelectrode studies performed on human hearts with the known capacity for SVT would be of interest, but might still fail to provide absolute proof on this point.
Effects of intradermal bradykinin after inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Authors: R E Ferner, J M Simpson, M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme may cause angio-oedema. To see if this might be due to potentiation of the tissue effects of bradykinin the thickness of weals raised by intradermal injection of saline or 1, 3, or 10 micrograms bradykinin was measured before and three times after single doses of captopril, enalapril, or placebo. The mean thickness increased with increasing doses of bradykinin. It did not change with time after the administration of placebo or captopril but increased from 0.61 mm before enalapril to 1.12 mm two and a half hours and 1.06 mm five hours after enalapril was given. Five subjects flushed when given bradykinin after captopril and four after enalapril, but none flushed when given bradykinin after placebo. It is concluded that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors potentiate the effects of intradermal bradykinin in vivo and that this may partially explain why they cause angio-oedema in susceptible patients.
Endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit antigen-induced lung inflammation in mice.
Authors: Y Fujitani, A Trifilieff, S Tsuyuki, A J Coyle, C Bertrand
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In this study, we have examined the effect of endothelin (ET) receptor antagonists on lung granulocyte inflammation after antigen challenge in sensitized mice. The antagonists used were BQ-123, an ETA antagonist, BQ-788, an ETB antagonist, and SB209670, an ET(A&B) antagonist. Thirty minutes prior exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin, ET antagonists (50 pmol/mouse) were administered directly into the lungs of sensitized Balb/c mice via the intranasal route. BQ-123 and SB209670 significantly decreased eosinophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by 47 and 68%, respectively. Both compounds also inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the lungs. In contrast, BQ-788 did not affect granulocyte infiltration. A similar inhibition of lung eosinophilia was also obtained with an anti-ET antibody applied via the intranasal route. BQ-123 and SB209670, but not BQ-788, significantly increased the production of interferon-gamma (Th1 cytokine) from purified lung Thy1.2+ cells without affecting interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 (Th2 cytokines) secretion. Furthermore, neutralizing antibody against interferon-gamma prevented the inhibitory effect of the ETA antagonist. Taken together, these results suggest an important pathophysiologic role for ET in the development of lung inflammation in asthma and highlight the potential of ET antagonists for the treatment of the disease.
Ten year survival after coronary artery bypass surgery for angina in patients aged 65 years and older.
Authors: S H Rahimtoola, G L Grunkemeier, A Starr
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We have assessed the long-term results of coronary bypass surgery for angina from 1974 to 1983 in 1304 patients aged 65 years and older (group 1). Using actuarial techniques, we determined that the 5 year and 10 year survival rates for patients 65 years old or older were 81 +/- 2% and 65 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE), respectively. The patients aged 65 years and older were further subdivided into those aged 65 to 74 years (group 1a) and 75 to 84 years (group 1b) and were compared with 1700 patients aged 55 to 64 years (group 2). The operative mortality in the three subgroups was 3%, 3%, and 2%, respectively (p = NS). For coronary bypass surgery, the duration of hospital stay was significantly longer (p less than .0001) by a mean of 1 to 2 days for group 1 patients and the cost of hospitalization was higher by a mean of $ 700 (p = .25). The cost of hospitalization was significantly higher only for group 1b patients (p = .005). The 5 year survival rates for the three subgroups (1a, 1b, and 2) were 83 +/- 2%, 73 +/- 5%, and 91 +/- 1%, respectively, and the 10 year survival rates were 66 +/- 3%, 65 +/- 7% (7 year rate for subgroup 1b), and 77 +/- 2%, respectively. The lower survival rates for subgroups 1a and 1b were significant (p less than .001); however, this lower survival was only seen in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character
Authors: Richard Dayringer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Here is a book that I would never have read outside this assignment. Yet, reading it has been a delightful and informative experience. Homer's<i>Iliad</i>tells the tragedy of the ancient Greek soldier Achilles in the Trojan War. In this book, Vietnam veterans have narrated their own tragedies. Twenty-two years after the last US ground combat battalion was withdrawn, more than 250 000 Vietnam combat veterans currently meet the full<i>DSM-IV</i>criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<i>Achilles in Vietnam</i>compares and contrasts two wars separated by 27 centuries. Dr Shay is a Boston-area psychiatrist who works with Vietnam combat veterans in the Department of Veterans Affairs Outpatient Clinic. He is also on the faculty of Tufts University School of Medicine. His purpose in writing this book is "to put before the public an understanding of the specific nature of catastrophic war experiences that not only cause lifelong disabling psychiatric
THE EARLY CIRCULATORY INDICATIONS OF CHRONIC BRIGHT'S DISEASE.
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1902)

By chronic Bright's disease we mean that familiar form of degeneration involving the blood vessels, the kidneys and the heart that in its regular course leads to the death of so large a proportion of the human race who have otherwise been healthy and able to enjoy active and useful careers. <h3>PRIMARILY A DISEASE OF THE CIRCULATION.</h3> I have long since ceased to regard this condition as essentially a disease of the kidneys, though in the final catastrophe these organs are more often chiefly at fault. Primarily, it is a disease of the circulation in which the brain and the kidneys, being as it were end-organs, first manifest symptoms. A case that has been under observation for five years has just ended fatally by the involvement of the circulation of the brain, producing progressive stupor and finally coma, paralysis and death. The kidneys at the time of death were apparently