tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activity patterns of men attending for fitness assessment.
Authors: P K Bland, P T Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

This paper describes some fitness and health characteristics of 499 British men in relation to their age and activity levels. The men attended a fitness assessment unit on a voluntary basis and their ages ranged from 20 to 69 years (43.8 +/- 9.1 yr, mean +/- SD). All subjects underwent a complete medical examination prior to carrying out a standardised graded walking or running test on a treadmill. During the test expired air collections were made and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was predicted from the oxygen uptake and heart rate measurements. All subjects were required to exercise up to 90-95% of their predicted maximum heart rate. Activity levels were assessed from a number of questions put to the patient by the doctor about the amount and type of exercise taken. Only 22% of the sample performed the minimum amount of exercise required to maintain a good functional capacity as recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-nine per cent were sedentary. The activity patterns of the older subjects differed from those of the younger subjects. The older age groups contained more sedentary individuals and fewer moderately active individuals (i.e. those taking exercise only once or twice a week). However the numbers taking regular exercise three or more times a week did not vary from one age group to the next. The mean VO2 max for the sample was 41.9 +/- 9.0 ml.kg 1min-1 and the mean body fat percentage 21.2 +/- 5.6%. The more active groups had higher VO2 max values and lower body fat, body weight and blood pressure values when compared with the less active groups. These differences were independent of age. These observations support the increasing evidence that exercise has a beneficial effect on health.
The “Thumb Sign” in Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: R H Falk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. The thumbs protrude from the clenched fists of a 24-year-old man who presented with congestive heart failure due to severe chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. Arachnodactyly (“spider finger”) and loose joints account for the ability to position the fingers in this way. The patient also had other skeletal features of Marfan's syndrome, including pectus excavatum and a high-arched palate.
Effectiveness of the Rashkind Procedure in Transposition of the Great Arteries in Infants
Authors: FRANCES BAKER, LENOX BAKER, RICHARD ZOLTUN, J. R. ZUBERBUHLER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The immediate and long-term efficacy of the balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) was appraised in a series of 43 patients with transposition of the great arteries. Early effectiveness was gauged by changes in oxygen saturation and atrial pressures, and by balloon catheter measurement of the interatrial opening immediately following BAS. BAS was initially effective in 31 cases. In 20 patients the size of the interatrial opening was measured by balloon catheter from three months to three years after initially successful BAS. In 13 of these the opening was less than 12 mm; 7 subsequently required surgical septectomy, and each of the remaining 6 had a ventricular septal defect. In the other 7, the opening was greater than 12 mm; none have required surgical septectomy. A total of 13 patients required late septectomy, with only one death. In contrast, there was a 40% (17/44) surgical mortality with surgical septectomy in a similar group of patients between 1959 and 1966. It is concluded that balloon atrial septostomy is initially effective and relatively safe, but that, particularly in those with intact ventricular septum, surgical septectomy is often required. Balloon catheter measurement of the interatrial opening has been helpful in predicting the necessity for surgical septectomy.
THE CLASS METHOD OF TREATING CONSUMPTION IN THE HOMES OF THE POOR.
Authors: JOSEPH H. PRATT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the great out-patient department of the Massachusetts General Hospital several hundred consumptives seek advice and treatment every year. In my own clinic in that institution I have frequently seen two or three new cases in a single morning. In some of the favorable ones the patients are able to enter the state sanatorium at Rutland. But there are many more who have families depending on their weekly wages and no money in the bank. These are often fairly healthy looking men and women who say all they need is some medicine to stop the cough or a good tonic to brace them up. Others too ill to work and yet with a good fighting chance for recovery under sanatorium treatment can not pay even the small weekly charge at Rutland. There is still another group, eager to get well, willing to spend their scanty savings if their life can
What Is New in Lymphoma?
Authors: B. D. Cheson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

The lymphomas are a diverse group of malignant disorders that vary with respect to their molecular features, genetics, clinical presentation, treatment approaches, and outcome. Over the past few years, there have been major advances in our understanding of the biology of these diseases, leading to a universally adopted World Health Organization classification system. New therapies are now available with the potential to improve patient outcome, and the International Prognostic Index and standardized response criteria help make clinical trials interpretable. Most notably, the chimeric antiCD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab has altered our therapeutic paradigms for B-cell disorders. Combinations of this antibody with chemotherapy and other biologic agents have shown promise in treating lymphoma. Other antibodies, radioimmunoconjugates (such as Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan and I-131 tositumomab), and oblimerson sodium (a BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotide) have all shown promise. New chemotherapy regimens such as bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP), agents such as gemcitabine, and monoclonal antibodies directed against CD30 are also being studied in Hodgkin Lymphoma. The challenge of clinical research is to optimize the use of these agents, select patients most likely to respond, and develop multitargeted strategies based on sound scientific rational, with the potential to increase the cure rate of patients with lymphomas.
Abstract 1396: Musashi 1 stabilizes TAC1 transcript in breast cancer cells to increase the production of onco-substance P
Authors: George R. Nahas, Raghav G. Murthy, Shyam A. Patel, Steven J. Greco, Pranela Rameshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite improved education and aggressive treatments, the mortality of breast cancer (BC) remains high. The TAC1 gene exerts oncogenic effects partly due to its major peptide, substance P, inducing the production of cytokines, which facilitate expression of the tumor-promoting truncated neurokinin-1 receptor. In turn, TAC1 facilitates metastasis to bone marrow and brain. TAC1 expression in BC cells (BCCs) occurs partly through increased translation of its mRNA. Cytosolic extracts from TAC1-expressing cells (BCCs and ectopic expression in non-tumorigenic breast cells) were analyzed for the candidate RNA-binding protein. In vitro translational, RNA stabilization, RNA shift and proteomic analyses identified a 40 kDa binding protein, which interacted with Exon 7 of the 3′ UTR of TAC1. Western blots and RNA supershift assay identified musashi 1 (Msi1) as the TAC1 mRNA binding protein. The data also indicated that TAC1 expression was sufficient for an increase in Msi1. A reporter gene system utilizing the TAC1 3′ UTR indicated that Msi1 competed with the endogenous translational suppressors, miR-130a and -206 for the same interacting site. Use of anti-miRs, Msi1 shRNA and the reporter gene system confirmed Msi1 as the stabilizer of TAC1 mRNA to increase the production of substance P. In vivo studies with nude mice showed reduced tumor growth with Msi1 knockdown BCCs compared to control. Msi1 knockdown retracted the tumor, indicating a role in tumor initiation. These findings correlated with a loss of two stem cell genes, REST and Oct4. In summary, this study identified Msi1 as a central RNA binding protein, which enhanced expression of the oncogenic TAC1 in BCCs. The data also suggested that Msi1, through TAC1 might be important in tumor initiation. These findings have clinical implications as a new drug target to reverse the oncogenic effects of TAC1. Furthermore, the feasibility of targeting TAC1 is evident since its receptor antagonist such as aprepitant are already approved by the FDA. Citation Format: George R. Nahas, Raghav G. Murthy, Shyam A. Patel, Steven J. Greco, Pranela Rameshwar. Musashi 1 stabilizes TAC1 transcript in breast cancer cells to increase the production of onco-substance P. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1396
High-resolution genomic profiles define distinct clinico-pathogenetic subgroups of multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Daniel R. Carrasco, Giovanni Tonon, Yongsheng Huang, Yunyu Zhang, Raktim Sinha, Bin Feng, James P. Stewart, Fenghuang Zhan, Deepak Khatry, Marina Protopopova, Alexei Protopopov, Kumar Sukhdeo, Ichiro Hanamura, Owen Stephens, Bart Barlogie, Kenneth C. Anderson, Lynda Chin, John D. Shaughnessy, Cameron Brennan, Ronald A. DePinho
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Closed pulmonary valvotomy in infants under 6 months of age: report of 14 consecutive cases without mortality.
Authors: S Milo, A Yellin, A Smolinsky, L C Blieden, H N Neufeld, D A Goor
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Fourteen infants, all under 6 months of age, underwent surgery for the relief of severe valvar pulmonary stenosis. A modified Brock (transinfundibular valvotomy) procedure was performed in all cases. Dilatation of the pulmonary valve with a mosquito clamp and biliary dilator is the basis of the modified operation. All infants survived the operation. In two patients there is residual, significant pulmonary stenosis, and in two additional cases pulmonary regurgitation is present.
Layman's Terms
Authors: Donald L. Blanchard
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Communicating well with patients can be a challenging affair. Patients often appeal to their physicians "to talk in layman's terms." This idea, reasonable on the surface, can actually be part of the problem that prevents their clear understanding of their conditions. I would submit that employing layman's terms is not the best means of discussing medical problems with patients. The terms themselves come from surprisingly diverse, sometimes untraceable sources. A common medical term over time and use may degenerate into a catch-all layman's term, or a common-use phrase may be falsely elevated to the "status" of a medical or scientific term. Let me use "pinkeye" as an example. Its definition is "acute contagious conjunctivitis," but its meaning has become blurred (no pun intended). I saw a patient with bilateral viral conjunctivitis and told him that he had a contagious infection. He responded, "Thank goodness it's not pinkeye!" A pediatric nurse
Variability in the biological response to anti-CD20 B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythaematosus
Authors: D Albert, J Dunham, S Khan, J Stansberry, S Kolasinski, D Tsai, S Pullman-Mooar, F Barnack, C Striebich, R J Looney, E T L. Prak, R Kimberly, Y Zhang, R Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To study the effects in systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) of B cell directed therapy with rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed at CD20+ B cells, without concomitant immunosuppressive therapy in mild to moderate SLE.Patients (n=24) with active SLE and failure of >or=1 immunosuppressive were recruited from three university centres into this phase I/II prospective open-label study. Patients were followed for 1 year to assess safety, efficacy and biological effects.In total, 18 of the patients scheduled to receive the full lymphoma dose of rituximab were evaluable for B cell levels in peripheral blood. Of these, 17 had effective CD19+ B cell depletion (<5 cells/microl). However, six of the depleted patients showed B cell return before 24 weeks. A total of 70% of patients improved by week 55, as defined by an SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score improvement of >or=2 units from baseline. The degree of CD19+ B cell depletion was correlated with SLEDAI improvement at week 15 (r=0.84). In general, rituximab infusions were well tolerated. Approximately a third of the patients developed human anti-chimeric antibody (HACA) titres, which correlated with poor B cell depletion. Most patients (9 of 14) did not respond to immunisations with Pneumovax and tetanus toxoid.Rituximab is a promising new therapy for SLE. The variability of responses in patients with SLE may be related to HACA formation. The failure to respond to immunisations is surprising, in view of the apparently low risk of infections. Better biological markers are necessary to follow these patients during treatment.
A morphological study of differentiated hepatocytesin vitro
Authors: Linda M. Arterburn, Joanne Zurlo, James D. Yager, Regina M. Overton, Aaron H. Heifetz
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A problem traditionally encountered with primary hepatocyte cultures is their rapid dedifferentiation, which is reflected not only in decreased liver-specific functions, but also in dedifferentiated morphology: the cells flatten, depolarize, and lose many of the surface characteristics of normal hepatocytes in vivo. However, culture conditions that maintain primary rat hepatocytes in a healthy and highly differentiated state were recently developed: the hepatocytes are cultured in Chee's Medium supplemented with dexamethasone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on collagen-coated Permanox dishes. In addition to retaining labile hepatocyte-specific functions (e.g., P450 activity and albumin synthesis), these hepatocytes also have a differentiated morphology. They have numerous microvilli and are cuboidal and cluster into cords reminiscent of hepatic trabeculae. Their subcellular organelles have normal morphology, and specialized junctions and bile canaliculi form within the membranes of adjacent cells. Actin fibers cluster at these canalicular surfaces. These hepatocytes also synthesize blood clotting factors, which aggregate into fibrin meshworks between cells. Taken together, these morphological data suggest that these hepatocytes are polarized and generally have an appearance very similar to parenchymal cells in the liver, and that the same culture conditions that promote retention of liver-specific functions are also critical to the maintenance of physiological morphology. In contrast to other hepatocyte cultures, this differentiated morphology, including the polarized nature of the cells, is established without the use of serum or flexible or complex extracellular matrices and shows a close link between cellular architecture and tissue-specific function.
Adipocytes promote ovarian cancer metastasis and provide energy for rapid tumor growth
Authors: Kristin M Nieman, Hilary A Kenny, Carla V Penicka, Andras Ladanyi, Rebecca Buell-Gutbrod, Marion R Zillhardt, Iris L Romero, Mark S Carey, Gordon B Mills, Gökhan S Hotamisligil, S Diane Yamada, Marcus E Peter, Katja Gwin, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Bacterial Contamination of Indwelling Intravenous Polyethylene Catheters
Authors: Malcolm S. Druskin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE INTRODUCTION of plastic indwelling intravenous catheters has greatly facilitated longterm parenteral therapy. This technique, however, has been associated with numerous complications, the most common of which are thrombophlebitis<sup>1-7</sup>and phlebitis associated with sepsis.<sup>3-5, 8, 9</sup>Other hazards include pulmonary embolism, acute bacterial endocarditis, catheter breakage, and embolism and thrombus formation of the atrial and ventricular endocardium.<sup>10</sup> Of particular interest to the authors is the role played by the catheter in local and systemic infection. It has been suggested that bacteria may invade the vein through the cutaneous portal of catheter entry or infect the thrombus which propagates at the catheter tip.<sup>9</sup>This initially bland thrombus may become infected through the blood stream by bacteria from a remote site.<sup>5</sup>The catheter itself then serves to disseminate infection. The present study was prompted by these possibilities. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were selected at random from the wards of
Socialized Medicine in Japan: Essays, Papers and Addresses
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Author Taro Takemi is one of the most remarkable physicians of this or any other century. Consider these factors:   1. Fundamentally educated as a physician, he functioned as a research scientist in prewar and wartime Japan.    2. Selected by Emperor Hirohito, he visited Hiroshima within 24 hours after the atomic bomb blast on Aug 6, 1945, to investigate the circumstances. Because of his advice to the Emperor, Japan's involvement in the Second World War was ended.  3. After the war, when research in Japan was abolished by the unconditional surrender and subsequent occupation, he became a practicing physician/internist.  4. He served as personal physician to six postwar prime ministers of Japan.  5. He served as President of the Japan Medical Association for 25 consecutive years, retiring in 1982.  6. Now 78 years old, Dr Takemi will be a visiting professor at the Harvard School of Public Health beginning in May
Doctors must honour living wills,
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

inquiriLes that criticised his care Two inquiries in Britain launched into the death of Malcolm Murray, who died from head injuries after being flown 300 km from Kent to Leeds, have accused a consultant of failing to do everything possible to help the patient.The consultant, Mr Anthony Percy, has in turn accused the two panels of being improperly constituted.He also complains that the South Thames Health Authority's inquiry never questioned him or other clinical staff, and that its report was intended to exonerate the Department of Health.Mr Murray's case received wide coverage in the media after it was disclosed that doctors at Queen Mary's Hospital in Sidcup failed to find a neurosurgical bed in the south east region
COMPARISON OF NORWOOD SHUNT TYPES: DO THE OUTCOMES DIFFER 5 YEARS LATER?
Authors: Eric Graham, Jacob W. Phillips, Sinai C. Zyblewski, Girish S. Shirali, Scott M. Bradley, Geoffrey A. Forbus, Varsha M. Bandisode, Andrew M. Atz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A new megastigmane from fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa
Authors: Weisheng Feng, Yanyan Lv, Xiaoke Zheng, Yanli Zhang, Yangang Cao, Yuanyuan Pei
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

A new megastigmane, rehmamegastigmane (1), together with eighteen known compounds lariciresinol (2), lariciresinol-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), hierochin D (4), yemuoside YM1 (5), darendoside B (6), decaffeoylacteoside (7), jionoside B1 (8), catalpol (9), ajugol (10), 6-O-vanilloylajugol (11), 6-O-E-feruloylajugol (12), rehmapicroside (13), rehmapicrogenin (14), 3-methoxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1-enecarboxylic acid (15), vanillic acid (16), hydroferulic acid (17), threo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-propanetriol (18), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (19) was isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Compounds 2–6 and 16–18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Prediction of Mode of Death in Heart Failure
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Stefan D. Anker, Inder Anand, David T. Linker, Mark D. Sullivan, John G.F. Cleland, Peter E. Carson, Aldo P. Maggioni, Douglas L. Mann, Bertram Pitt, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Wayne C. Levy
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Prognosis and mode of death in heart failure patients are highly variable in that some patients die suddenly (often from ventricular arrhythmia) and others die of progressive failure of cardiac function (pump failure). Prediction of mode of death may facilitate decisions about specific medications or devices.We used the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), a validated prediction model for total mortality in heart failure, to assess the mode of death in 10,538 ambulatory patients with New York Heart Association class II to IV heart failure and predominantly systolic dysfunction enrolled in 6 randomized trials or registries. During 16,735 person-years of follow-up, 2014 deaths occurred, which included 1014 sudden deaths and 684 pump-failure deaths. Compared with a SHFM score of 0, patients with a score of 1 had a 50% higher risk of sudden death, patients with a score of 2 had a nearly 3-fold higher risk, and patients with a score of 3 or 4 had a nearly 7-fold higher risk (P<0.001 for all comparisons; 1-year area under the receiver operating curve, 0.68). Stratification of risk of pump-failure death was even more pronounced, with a 4-fold higher risk with a score of 1, a 15-fold higher risk with a score of 2, a 38-fold higher risk with a score of 3, and an 88-fold higher risk with a score of 4 (P<0.001 for all comparisons; 1-year area under the receiver operating curve, 0.85). The proportion of deaths caused by sudden death versus pump-failure death decreased from a ratio of 7:1 with a SHFM score of 0 to a ratio of 1:2 with a SHFM score of 4 (P trend <0.001).The SHFM score provides information about the likely mode of death among ambulatory heart failure patients. Investigation is warranted to determine whether such information might predict responses to or cost-effectiveness of specific medications or devices in heart failure patients.
Preventing Adverse Events
Authors: Laura A. Petersen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Preventing Adverse EventsLaura A. Petersen, Troyen A. Brennan, and Thomas H. LeeLaura A. PetersenSearch for more papers by this author, Troyen A. BrennanSearch for more papers by this author, and Thomas H. LeeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Berg and Bielefeldt have overlooked information provided in our article that addresses the issue of reporting bias. As noted in the article [1], we reviewed medical records of all 3146 admissions during the study period using the methods of the Medical Practice Study [2, 3]. Only 14 preventable adverse events that had been unreported by the housestaff were detected by this record review, and 50% of these occurred during periods of cross-coverage by an intern from another team or by the night float physician. Therefore, comprehensive record review of all admissions does not suggest reporting bias.We ...References1. Petersen LA, Brennan TA, O'Neil AC, Cook EF, Lee TH. Does house-staff discontinuity of care increase the risk for preventable adverse events? Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:866-72. Google Scholar2. O'Neil AC, Petersen LA, Cook EF, Bates DW, Lee TH, Brennan TA. A comparison of physician self-reporting with medical record review to identify medical adverse events. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:370-6. Google Scholar3. Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, Herbert L, Localio AR, Lawthers AG, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients—results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:370-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 962-964KeywordsAdverse eventsContinuous quality improvementHealth care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...