tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease. The Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies.
Authors: J W Yarnell, I A Baker, P M Sweetnam, D Bainton, J R O'Brien, P J Whitehead, P C Elwood
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Recent studies have suggested that hemostatic factors and white blood cell count are predictive of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The relations of fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count to the incidence of IHD in the Caerphilly and Speedwell prospective studies are described.The two studies have a common core protocol and are based on a combined cohort of 4,860 middle-aged men from the general population. The first follow-up was at a nearly constant interval of 5.1 years in Caerphilly and 3.2 years in Speedwell; 251 major IHD events had occurred. Age-adjusted relative odds of IHD for men in the top 20% of the distribution compared with the bottom 20% were 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.6-6.5) for fibrinogen, 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.8-7.4) for viscosity, and 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.0-4.9) for white blood cell count. Associations with IHD were similar in men who had never smoked, exsmokers, and current smokers, and the results suggest that at least part of the effect of smoking on IHD is mediated through fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count. Multivariate analysis shows that white blood cell count is an independent risk factor for IHD as is either fibrinogen or viscosity, or possibly both. Jointly, these three variables significantly improve the fit of a logistic regression model containing all the main conventional risk factors. Further, a model including age, smoking habits, fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count predicts IHD as well as one in which the three hemostatic/rheological variables are replaced by total cholesterol, diastolic pressure, and body mass index.Jointly, fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are important risk factors for IHD.
Dipyridamole–Thallium-201 Scintigraphy in the Prediction of Future Cardiac Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jeffrey A. Leppo, Jean O'Brien, James A. Rothendler, John D. Getchell, Victor W. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

To evaluate the safety and usefulness of serial thallium scanning immediately after intravenous dipyridamole, we studied 51 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Eight patients experienced angina during the procedure, but there were no serious complications. Patients were followed for a mean period of 19 months after hospital discharge. Eleven of 12 patients who died during follow-up or had another infarction had shown transient defects (redistribution) on their predischarge scan, as had 22 of the 24 patients who needed readmission for management of angina. Among all the other clinical or scintigraphic criteria tested, the presence of redistribution on the dipyridamole-thallium scan was the only significant predictor of these serious cardiac events. Twenty-six patients were also given a submaximal exercise test before discharge, of whom 13 subsequently had serious cardiac events. The exercise test had been positive in only 6 of these 13 patients, whereas the dipyridamole-thallium scan had shown a redistribution pattern in 12 (P less than 0.001). We conclude from this preliminary study that dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy after myocardial infraction is relatively safe. It appears to be a more sensitive predictor of subsequent cardiac events than a submaximal exercise test and may therefore prove useful in evaluating patients after recovery from a myocardial infarction.
ON SEPTIC JAUNDICE OF CHILDHOOD, WITH REPORT OF A CASE AND RECOVERY IN CHILD AGED FOUR YEARS.
Authors: M. P. HATFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1885)

[Read before the Section on Diseases of Children at Washington Meeting, etc.] Septic jaundice is, fortunately, of rare occurrence among children, for its appearance usually betokens so profound a saturation of the system with septic materials that only the gloomiest prognosis can be given. It is, therefore, a symptom rather than a distinct disease (though sometimes discussed as such under the title of<i>malignant</i>or<i>pernicious</i>icterus), and deserves careful study as one of the gravest symptoms of toxæmia, concerning whose exact pathology we really know as yet but little. Schiff's experiments, unfortunately not concluded, seem to prove conclusively that the liver acts as the great depurating organ of the body, forming a definite chemical antidote, or chemically neutralizing many of the organic poisons, such as conium when taken into the blood. Malarial and septic poisons are doubtless chemically closely allied to these volatile alkaloids and similarly disposed of in
Blood flow in histamine‐ and allergen‐induced weal and flare responses, effects of an H1 antagonist, α‐adrenoceptor agonist and a topical glucocorticoid
Authors: A. Hammarlund, P. Olsson, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Allergen has previously been shown to induce a continuous increase in local dermal blood flow after a prick test in allergic subjects, whereas histamine induced, initially, similar peak increases in blood flow of much shorter duration. Blood flow changes induced by histamine and allergen have now been evaluated (i) after pretreatment with a local corticosteroid cream, clobetasole‐17‐propionate; (ii) after oral administration of the H1‐antihistamine loratadine; and (iii) after oral pretreatment with the alpha‐adrenoceptor agonist pseudoephedrine. Blinded placebo‐controlled designs were used in the substudies. Laser doppler flowmetry was used for non‐invasive recording of changes in local blood flow intermittently for 24 h after the topical corticosteroid, 6 h for the substudies on loratadine and pseudoephedrine. The size of the immediate weal and flare reactions, as well as late phase reactions, were also determined. Prctreatment with clobetasole‐1 7‐propionate cream on the skin for 1 week prior to prick tests did not affect the blood flow response elicited by histamine or allergen, in either the initial part (up to 1 h) or the protracted 24 h determinations. The size of the weal and flare reactions decreased. Loratadine and pseudoephedrine did not reduce the initial allergen‐induced increase in blood flow, while lower blood flow compared with placebo pretreatment was noted for the protracted (1–6 h) determinations. Blood flow changes after histamine were unaffected. The histamine‐induced weal and flare was inhibited by loratadine more effectively than the corresponding allergen‐induced reaction. The weal and flare reactions after histamine and allergen were not changed after pseudoephedrine. The late dermal reaction expressed as the size of the erythema and/or induration present 6 h after allergen prick tests was reduced with pretreatment with loratadine as well as after seudoephedrine when compared with placebo. The results from these pharmacological experiments suggest that pretreatment with potent topical corticosteroids had no effect on changes in dermal blood flow, while H1‐antihistainines and α‐adrenoceptor agonists appear to have a direct effect on the vessels in a local allergic reaction.
Infants in Sandwell are screened for haemoglobinopathy gene
Authors: J. N Rao, S. I Handa, P. J Stableforth, J. Martin, H. Watson, G. Augustine
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Linda Laird and colleagues are right in stating that it is important to cater for the needs of families with infants who are found to be carriers of a haemoglobinopathy gene.1 We believe that families should be fully informed when a screening programme detects a heterozygous carrier infant.

Since 1992 we have run a selective newborn screening programme in Sandwell (population 295 000; a quarter of births are to couples in which one or both …
Abstract 410: Platelet derived growth factor AA mediated the tropism of human mesenchymal stem cells for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wan-Chi Hsiao, Chia-Hui Liao, Hsi-Chin Wu, Chia-Ling Hsieh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Recent evidence has suggested that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be effective cellular vehicles for delivering anti-cancer agents, as they have shown to home to tumor sites. However, the signals required for homing and recruitment of MSCs to tumor sites are not well understood. In this communication, we characterized the biomediators and the possible downstream signaling pathways that responsible for the migration of MSCs toward RCC. Our in vitro migration assay demonstrated that RCC attracted MSCs much more efficient than normal human renal epithelial cells (HRE) did. Systemic administration of MSCs into RCC-bearing mice also caused rapid recruitment of MSCs at the site of tumor xenografts as well as distant metastases. To identify RCC-derived soluble factor(s) involved in MSC migration, we used antibody-based cytokine arrays to screened conditioned media (CM) from RCC cells and normal HRE cells. Among 180 cytokines we tested, solely one cytokine, PDGF-AA, was significantly up-regulated in RCC cells with a 10 fold-increased expression to HRE. On the other hand, MSC expressed high level of PDGF receptor-α in both RNA and protein level, as determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Functional blockage of PDGF-AA in RCC cells using either neutralizing antibody or targeting siRNA abrogated RCC-CM induced MSC migration. Pretreatment of MSCs with inhibitory antibodies against PDGF receptor-α or PDGF receptor kinase inhibitor also reduced MSC migration toward either rPDGF-AA or RCC-CM, indicating that increased MSC migration by RCC is dependent on PDGF-AA signaling through the PDGF receptor-α. We also found that RCC-CM but not HRE-CM elicited a time-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and downstream GSK3, and sustained accumulation of β-catenin protein in MSCs. These effects were abolished when MSC were pretreated with kinase inhibitor for PDGF receptor-α. Collectively, our data demonstrate that RCC tumor cells specifically recruit MSCs, which is mediated by PDGF-AA through activation of PDGF receptor signaling and AKT/GSK-3 pathways. These findings may expose new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and reduce the morbidity and mortality from metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 410. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-410
Aspergillus Fumigatus May Promote Th2 Activation By Suppression Of Interferon Signaling
Authors: Tetsuya Homma, Bharat Bhushan, Atsushi Kato, James Norton, Lydia Suh, Quan Sha, Dave S. Gupta, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Assessment of Adverse Reactions Within a Drug Surveillance Program
Authors: Ivan T. Borda
Journal: JAMA (1968)

As part of a comprehensive drug surveillance program, we devised a system for identifying and characterizing adverse reactions to drugs. The overall program includes measurements of drug efficacy and a description of the patient population being studied. The data collected thus far suggest that drug reactions represent a major health hazard. Adverse reaction information on any drug must be evaluated for careful consideration of total drug usage, the reasons for prescribing the drug, and its overall efficacy.
Reactivation of Rheumatic Fever Following Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: LOUIS A. SOLOFF, JACOB ZATUCHNI, O. HENRY JANTON, THOMAS J. E. O'NEILL, ROBERT P. GLOVER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

A febrile syndrome following mitral commissurotomy is described. This syndrome consists of the episodic recurrence of a combination of events first occurring after a variable latent phase following mitral commissurotomy and is uniformly characterized by precordial pain and fever, is commonly featured by the precipitation or intensification of pre-existing heart failure, is variably accompanied by migratory joint pains, arrhythmias, hemoptysis or psychosis and sometimes terminates in death. The syndrome was found to occur in 43 (24.0 per cent) of 179 consecutive individuals subjected to mitral commissurotomy. Because we have never encountered such a syndrome following any other type of nonrheumatic cardiac or pulmonary surgery and for other reasons we are compelled to regard it as a reactivation of rheumatic fever.
Effect of fundholding on removing patients from general practitioners' lists: retrospective study
Authors: D. O'Reilly, K. Steele, B. Merriman, A. Gilliland, S. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1998)

only 12 fruit and vegetable portions a week; the recommended intake is five portions a day. 5 There was an association in female patients between mental state and alcohol intake.This association may have arisen by chance as, in all, 36 correlations were calculated.Also, association does not imply causality.Does a high alcohol intake worsen the mental state?Or does a disturbed mental state lead women to drink more?We conclude that the schizophrenic patients we studied are making poor dietary choices.Assertive programmes to improve diet are necessary.We thank the patients and staff of the Dumfries and Galloway Mental Health Association and the control subjects for their cooperation; Joan Brown, area dietician, for advice on dietary assessment and provision of training; Heather Barrington for statistical advice; and Mary Muirhead for secretarial help.Contributors: RMcC initiated and coordinated the study, discussed core ideas, designed the protocol, participated in data analysis, and wrote the paper.JP initiated and coordinated the study, discussed core ideas, designed the protocol, participated in data analysis, and edited the paper.EM discussed core ideas, participated in clinical data collection and data analysis, and contributed to the paper.DT-S and JH discussed core ideas, participated in clinical data collection, and contributed to the paper.CB and DW discussed core ideas, analysed blood samples, and contributed to the paper.RMcC and JP are guarantors for the study.
New Ways of Measuring Blood Pressure Offer Benefits in Hypertension Research
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fulminant Postirradiation Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Te-Chun Hsieh, Chia-Hung Kao, Yu-Chin Wu, Cheng-Nan Hsu, Chih-Hsiu Wang, Yu-Yi Lin, Kuo-Yang Yen, Shung-Shung Sun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 49-year-old man had a secondary primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma that was treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). An unexpected fulminant postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma developed in the irradiation field 2 months after the CCRT. After esophagectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy, widespread disease still occurred in 2 months and he died of tumor bleeding 2 months later. The serial diagnostic images were compared and revealed that fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was more useful in distinguishing post-therapeutic change and tumor recurrence in the region after surgical and radiation therapy. This report is of a postirradiation sarcoma with a very short latent period.
Working cultures matter in care
Authors: W Carter
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Some weeks ago my wife gave birth to twins at 25 weeks' gestation. Tragically one of the boys was stillborn, while the other is soldiering on bravely in the special care baby unit at our local hospital. Throughout these traumatic proceedings the hospital staff have been superb - from accompanying us through that first awful night in a room especially designed for grieving parents of stillborn children through to their current daily dealings with us when we visit the unit for the morning ward round and the nappy change and mouth care in the afternoon or evening.

But we encountered a different culture when, after four weeks, our baby was transferred for a week to the larger, regional unit for an operation to close his patent ductus arteriosus. I work in industry, which has seen the publication of many dull volumes about corporate culture. I have always been sceptical about dissecting a concept as nebulous as this, and it has taken my current, unsought exposure to hospital life to bring home the reality of how much working culture can matter.

Please do not misinterpret this as any criticism of the standard of care in the larger unit. The professionalism …
BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. II. STUDIES IN MINERALOCORTICOID HYPERTENSION*
Authors: A. V. Chobanian, B. A. Burrows, W. Hollander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

In a previous report, measurements of body fluid and electrolyte composition have been com- pared in normal subjects and patients with ar- terial hypertension (1).In this paper, similar studies are presented in a group of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism studied before and after surgical therapy and in a group of normal subjects given mineralocorticoid drugs.The re- stults indicate that the findings in the patients with established primary hyperaldosteronism differ
Recombinant hirudin (HBW 023) prevents troponin T release after coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina
Authors: Hans-Jürgen Rupprecht, Wolfram Terres, C.E.M. Özbek, Matthias Luz, Andreas Jessel, Gerd Hafner, Jürgen Vom Dahl, Eckhard P. Kromer, Winfried Prellwitz, Jürgen Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Chinese children with lead poisoning are denied treatment
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify an association between acute kidney injury and use of high potency statins versus low potency statins. <b>Design</b> Retrospective observational analysis of administrative databases, using nine population based cohort studies and meta-analysis. We performed as treated analyses in each database with a nested case-control design. Rate ratios for different durations of current and past statin exposure to high potency or low potency statins were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Ratios were adjusted for confounding by high dimensional propensity scores. Meta-analytic methods estimated overall effects across participating sites. <b>Setting</b> Seven Canadian provinces and two databases in the United Kingdom and the United States. <b>Participants</b> 2 067 639 patients aged 40 years or older and newly treated with statins between 1 January 1997 and 30 April 2008. Each person hospitalized for acute kidney injury was matched with ten controls. <b>Intervention</b> A dispensing event was new if no cholesterol lowering drug or niacin prescription was dispensed in the previous year. High potency statin treatment was defined as ≥10 mg rosuvastatin, ≥20 mg atorvastatin, and ≥40 mg simvastatin; all other statin treatments were defined as low potency. Statin potency groups were further divided into cohorts with or without chronic kidney disease. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Relative hospitalization rates for acute kidney injury. <b>Results</b> Of more than two million statin users (2 008 003 with non-chronic kidney disease; 59 636 with chronic kidney disease), patients with similar propensity scores were comparable on measured characteristics. Within 120 days of current treatment, there were 4691 hospitalizations for acute kidney injury in patients with non-chronic kidney injury, and 1896 hospitalizations in those with chronic kidney injury. In patients with non-chronic kidney disease, current users of high potency statins were 34% more likely to be hospitalized with acute kidney injury within 120 days after starting treatment (fixed effect rate ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.43). Users of high potency statins with chronic kidney disease did not have as large an increase in admission rate (1.10, 0.99 to 1.23). χ<sup>2</sup> tests for heterogeneity confirmed that the observed association was robust across participating sites. <b>Conclusions</b> Use of high potency statins is associated with an increased rate of diagnosis for acute kidney injury in hospital admissions compared with low potency statins. The effect seems to be strongest in the first 120 days after initiation of statin treatment.
Risk factors for cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Results of a case-control study
Authors: L Serfaty, O Chazouilleres, A Poujol-Robert, L Morand-Joubert, C Dubois, Y Chretien, R E Poupon, J C Petit, R Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The role of the viral genotype, especially genotype 1b, in the severity of liver injury induced by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is unclear, probably because of confounding factors such as the date and mode of contamination. Host genetic or environmental factors such as heterozygous MZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency or alcoholism, could also be potential risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of genotypes, α1-antitrypsin phenotype, past hepatitis B virus infection, and alcohol consumption in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C. We conducted a case-control study comparing 84 consecutive cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C (cases) with 84 noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C (controls) selected from a cohort of 464 patients hospitalized during the same period. Controls were paired with cases according to age, sex, risk factors, and date of infection. HCV genotypes were determined using the InnoLiPA technique (Innogenetics, Zwijnaarde, Belgium) and classified according to the method of Simmonds. Patients were divided in three groups according to alcohol consumption: &lt;30 g/d (light), 30 to 80 g/d (moderate), and &gt;80 g/d (heavy). Cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients were not significantly different in terms of genotype distribution (1a/1b/2a/3a/others/undetermined: 10/48/7/17/0/2 versus 11/43/10/10/5/5), α1-antitrypsin phenotype distribution (MM/MS/MZ: 84%/14%/2% vs. 87%/11%/2%, respectively), and prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (29% vs. 23%). Alcohol consumption was significantly different between cases and controls (L/M/H: 58%/27%/16% vs. 76%/15%/9%, respectively; P &lt; .05). Two conclusions regarding patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection can be drawn from this study: 1) viral genotype, especially 1b, past hepatitis B virus infection, and heterozygous MZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency are not risk factors for cirrhosis; and 2) alcohol consumption, even moderate, is a risk factor for cirrhosis.