tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myogenic vasoregulation overrides local metabolic control in resting rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: G A Meininger, C A Mack, K L Fehr, H G Bohlen
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Microvascular reactions to increases in intravascular pressure were studied in the cremaster muscle of the anesthetized rat by enclosing the animal in an airtight box with the muscle exteriorized for observation of the microcirculation. Since the cremaster was exposed to atmospheric pressure, increasing pressure within the box produced equal increases in arterial and venous pressures. Thus, intravascular pressure was altered without affecting the pressure gradient for blood flow. Raising box pressure had no effect on respiration or heart rate and did not change the systemic activity of the sympathetic system, angiotensin II, or vasopressin. Diameters and flows were measured for first (107 +/- 3 micron, mean +/- SEM), second (87 +/- 5), third (29 +/- 2), and fourth (15 +/- 2) order arterioles during increases in intravascular pressure of +10, +20, and +30 mm Hg. No significant changes in the diameters of first or second order arterioles were elicited when pressure was increased. However, when box pressure was increased to +10, +20, or +30 mm Hg, a sustained constriction occurred in third (29%, 45%, and 63%, respectively) and fourth (5%, 38%, and 57%, respectively) order arterioles. Blood flow was significantly reduced in all arterioles, and perivascular PO2 was decreased adjacent to third and fourth order arterioles. Furthermore, the third order arteriole constrictor response was not abolished by local alpha-receptor blockade (phentolamine), indicating that it was not mediated by a local sympathetic axon reflex. Collectively, these data indicate that a potent, non-neural, pressure-dependent mechanism for vasoregulation is present in small arterioles of the cremaster. The sustained constriction in the presence of reduced blood flow and reduced periarteriolar oxygen tension indicates that the vascular response is independent of and capable of overriding flow-dependent (i.e., metabolic) control in resting skeletal muscle. The observations are compatible with the operation of a powerful myogenic mechanism in small arterioles.
Observations on the NHS internal market: will the dodo get the last laugh?
Authors: R. G Royce
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Distinguishing between the theory and practice of the internal market has been obscured by the considerable controversy generated by the reforms themselves. In such an environment both the advocates and the opponents of a market based solution have tended to promote their respective claims by reference to underlying political philosophies and economic theories rather than practical experience. Royce gives his observations of the actual operation of the internal market with particular reference to the commissioning function in Wales. He highlights inadequacies and inequities in the current system and proposes some remedial actions. Central to these are the importance of ensuring equitable funding for all purchasers, acknowledging the necessity of rationing, and promoting efficient and effective health care, sometimes at the expense of patient choice and guaranteed local service provision.
Reconstructive Foot and Ankle Surgery: Management of Complications
Authors: Joseph A. Bosco
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review of Nine Cases, Including One with Reversal of Blood Flow through the Ductus
Authors: I. M. Anderson, H. M. T. Coles
Journal: Thorax (1955)

(RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATIONAUGUST 3,1955) Itisnowwellestablished thatthetreatment of thetypical caseofpatent ductus arteriosus with classical physical signs isligation ofthevessel with, orwithout, itsdivision. Inrecent years, chiefly asa result ofinvestigation ofcasesof congenital heartdisease by meansofcardiac catheterization, ithasbecomeevident thatthere areanumberofcasesofpatent ductus arteriosus associated withsevere pulmonary hypertension in whichtheclassical signs oftheanomaly arenot present. Numerous articles haveappeared onthe subject inthepastfive years, andinmostofthese reports thepatients wereadults oradolescents in whomthedisability hadbeenpresent foraconsiderable period oftime(Johnson, Wermer, Kuschner,andCournand, 1950;Campbell andHudson, 1951;Myers,Scannell, Wyman,Dimond,and Hurst,1951; Adams,1952;Adams,Diehl, Jorgens, andVeasy, 1952;Bothwell, VanLingen. Whidborne, Kaye,McGregor, andElliott, 1952;
Akt3 and Mutant V600EB-Raf Cooperate to Promote Early Melanoma Development
Authors: Mitchell Cheung, Arati Sharma, SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula, Gavin P. Robertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract B-Raf is the most mutated gene in melanoma; however, the mechanism through which it promotes early melanomas remains uncertain. Most nevi contain activated V600EB-Raf but few develop into melanoma, and expression in melanocytes is inhibitory with low protein levels present in surviving cells, suggesting unknown cooperative oncogenic events are necessary for melanoma development. Because many melanomas have V600EB-Raf and active Akt3, it is possible that these proteins cooperatively facilitate melanocyte transformation. In this study, Akt3 is shown to phosphorylate V600EB-Raf to lower its activity as well as that of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to levels promoting early melanoma development. Expression of active Akt3 in early melanoma cells containing V600EB-Raf reduced MAPK signaling and promoted anchorage-independent growth. Furthermore, expression of both V600EB-Raf and active Akt3 in melanocytes promoted a transformed phenotype. Mechanistically, aberrant Akt3 activity in early melanomas serves to phosphorylate Ser364 and Ser428 on V600EB-Raf to reduce activity of V600EB-Raf to levels that promote rather than inhibit proliferation, which aids melanocytic transformation. Inhibition of V600EB-Raf or Akt3 in advanced melanoma cells in which both pathways were active reduced anchorage-independent growth and tumor development in a cooperatively acting manner. Inhibition of Akt3 alone in these cells led to increased MAPK signaling. In summary, these results suggest that activating B-Raf mutations initially promote nevi development, but the resulting high, intense activation of the MAPK pathway inhibits further tumor progression requiring Akt3 activation to bypass this barrier and aid melanoma development. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3429–39]
Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality after Bristol
Authors: Paul Aylin, Brian Jarman, Paul Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Parry et al call for clarity of our methods for risk adjustment. We adjusted by type of operation, by incorporating the 11 open procedure groups as factors into our regression model. The use of procedure groups for risk adjustment is in line with another published method.1 In contrast, recently published centre comparisons based on the central cardiac audit database were not risk adjusted.2

Gibbs et al and Morris and Archer on bmj.com remain concerned by the lack of accuracy of hospital episode statistics.3 Work commissioned …
Somatization and Medicalization
Authors: Michael Eliastam
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Barsky and Borus<sup>1</sup>correctly point out the need to study the demand for medical services by somatizing patients, instead of focusing primarily on the clinician supply side. They cite the greatly increased use of services by those with the severe form of somatization, which is classified as a mental disorder. However, I was most impressed by the data they cited on excessive utilization of many services, by persons with the mild form, who are the majority of users of primary care physicians, emergency departments, and hospitals. This excess utilization demands attention because increasing physician capitation and decreasing health plan prices are 2 relevant drivers currently operating in the health care system. Both of these mandate reductions in utilization. The plans need to lower cost and price to be competitive, and physicians must be more efficient and effective in their delivery of care to profit under
A CASE OF MERCURIC CHLORID POISONING.
Authors: IRWIN W. BLAKE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following report of a case of poisoning by bichlorid of mercury is unusual on account of the absence of typical symptoms: <h3>History.</h3> —A child, aged 3¼ years, took at least one tablet containing 7.3 grains of mercuric chlorid. An emetic was given immediately, which produced vomiting in twenty to twenty-five minutes. Emesis continued for more than an hour, the child then going into a quiet sleep. Up to this time the composition of the tablet was not known, and the child's mother was certain no poisons were in the house, Twenty minutes after leaving the house I was recalled to examine a similar tablet found in my absence. The potassium iodid test demonstrated the presence of mercuric chlorid. Egg albumin and milk were given immediately, and everything possible was done for the child, but without avail. Death occurred on the eighth day. It is interesting to note: 1, There
Spectrum of Disease and Relation to Place of Exposure among Ill Returned Travelers
Authors: David O. Freedman, Leisa H. Weld, Phyllis E. Kozarsky, Tamara Fisk, Rachel Robins, Frank von Sonnenburg, Jay S. Keystone, Prativa Pandey, Martin S. Cetron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Approximately 8 percent of travelers to the developing world require medical care during or after travel. Current understanding of morbidity profiles among ill returned travelers is based on limited data from the 1980s.Thirty GeoSentinel sites, which are specialized travel or tropical-medicine clinics on six continents, contributed clinician-based sentinel surveillance data for 17,353 ill returned travelers. We compared the frequency of occurrence of each diagnosis among travelers returning from six developing regions of the world.Significant regional differences in proportionate morbidity were detected in 16 of 21 broad syndromic categories. Among travelers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, systemic febrile illness without localizing findings occurred disproportionately among those returning from sub-Saharan Africa or Southeast Asia, acute diarrhea among those returning from south central Asia, and dermatologic problems among those returning from the Caribbean or Central or South America. With respect to specific diagnoses, malaria was one of the three most frequent causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from every region, although travelers from every region except sub-Saharan Africa and Central America had confirmed or probable dengue more frequently than malaria. Among travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa, rickettsial infection, primarily tick-borne spotted fever, occurred more frequently than typhoid or dengue. Travelers from all regions except Southeast Asia presented with parasite-induced diarrhea more often than with bacterial diarrhea.When patients present to specialized clinics after travel to the developing world, travel destinations are associated with the probability of the diagnosis of certain diseases. Diagnostic approaches and empiric therapies can be guided by these destination-specific differences.
Active epidermal movement in human skin in vitro
Authors: R. MARKS, T. NISHIKAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Epidermal cells migrate from the edges of adult human skin in culture during the first 48 h. In order to determine whether mitotic acitivity was responsible for this cell movement the autoradiographic labelling index for cells in DNA synthesis was determined for skin at different stages of culture. The labelling index of skin maintained for 48 h but labelled with tritiated thymidine in the first 4 h, did not differ significantly from skin both maintained and labelled for 4 h only. Skin maintained for 48 h but labelled in the last 4 h showed a much lower labelling index. No normal mitotic figures were seen in the epidermis of skin maintained for 48 h but exposed to colcemid for the last 4 h of culture. It has been concluded that at least in short-term organ culture of adult human skin there is a phase of mitotic arrest and that epidermal migration during the first 48 h is an active process independent of mitotic activity.
OVARIAN CONDITIONS AS CAUSES OF PELVIC PAIN
Authors: A. H. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1934)

MEDICAL JOURNA-L difficult to diagnose and its clinical importance somewhat doubtful.A more serious occurrence is torsion of the ovarian pedicle, but this rarely occurs unless a cyst is present in the ovary.Sudden pain is the principal symptonm, and this is partly due to increased tension within the ovary and partly to irritation of the parietal peritoneum by the damaged cyst wall.
450K Epigenome-Wide Scan Identifies Differential DNA Methylation in Newborns Related to Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy
Authors: Bonnie R. Joubert, Siri E. Håberg, Roy M. Nilsen, Xuting Wang, Stein E. Vollset, Susan K. Murphy, Zhiqing Huang, Cathrine Hoyo, Øivind Midttun, Lea A. Cupul-Uicab, Per M. Ueland, Michael C. Wu, Wenche Nystad, Douglas A. Bell, Shyamal D. Peddada, Stephanie J. London
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, due to in utero exposures may play a critical role in early programming for childhood and adult illness. Maternal smoking is a major risk factor for multiple adverse health outcomes in children, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.We investigated epigenome-wide methylation in cord blood of newborns in relation to maternal smoking during pregnancy.We examined maternal plasma cotinine (an objective biomarker of smoking) measured during pregnancy in relation to DNA methylation at 473,844 CpG sites (CpGs) in 1,062 newborn cord blood samples from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (450K).We found differential DNA methylation at epigenome-wide statistical significance (p-value < 1.06 × 10-7) for 26 CpGs mapped to 10 genes. We replicated findings for CpGs in AHRR, CYP1A1, and GFI1 at strict Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance in a U.S. birth cohort. AHRR and CYP1A1 play a key role in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, which mediates the detoxification of the components of tobacco smoke. GFI1 is involved in diverse developmental processes but has not previously been implicated in responses to tobacco smoke.We identified a set of genes with methylation changes present at birth in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. This is the first study of differential methylation across the genome in relation to maternal smoking during pregnancy using the 450K platform. Our findings implicate epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the adverse health outcomes associated with this important in utero exposure.
Morphological changes and smooth muscle cell proliferation after experimental excimer laser treatment.
Authors: H Hanke, K K Haase, S Hanke, M Oberhoff, S Hassenstein, E Betz, K R Karsch
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Little is known about the mechanism(s) in the development of restenosis after excimer laser angioplasty. Thus, the rationale of this study was to determine the time course of intimal and medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and histomorphological changes after experimental excimer laser treatment.Laser ablation was performed in the right carotid artery of 34 New Zealand White rabbits after development of a fibromuscular plaque by repeated weak electrical stimulations. The vessels were excised 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days after excimer laser treatment. Staining of alpha-actin was used to identify SMCs. In five rabbits (15%), a stenosis of more than 50% of luminal area was due to intimal proliferation of SMCs, and in four other rabbits, a total occlusion was due to organized thrombi. After the initial ablation of the performed plaque (13 +/- 6 intimal SMC layers) a continuous increase of intimal wall thickness was found from 7 +/- 6 SMC layers at 7 days to 28 +/- 5 intimal SMC layers at 28 days after excimer laser ablation (p less than 0.01). After 42 days, no additional increase of intimal thickening occurred. After bromodeoxyuridine labeling, the extent of cell proliferation (percent of cells undergoing DNA synthesis) in the intima and media was determined using a monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine. Immunohistological quantification of SMC proliferation in the intima revealed a significant increase of cells undergoing DNA synthesis at 3 (p less than 0.05) and 14 (p less than 0.01) days after laser treatment. Medial proliferation of SMCs was delayed and had a significant increase 7 days (p less than 0.05) after intervention. Twenty-one days after laser treatment, SMC proliferation in the intima as well as in the media was normalized.The proliferative response of SMCs after experimental excimer laser treatment will occur as a dynamic process with a maximum of SMCs undergoing DNA synthesis during 14 days after laser ablation, resulting in an increase of intimal thickening within 4 weeks after laser treatment. The extent of intimal hyperplasia due to SMC proliferation after excimer laser treatment is comparable with the effect of transluminal balloon angioplasty in this experimental model.
Prevalence of symptoms of dyspepsia.
Authors: R. Metcalf, G. R. Youngs
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In a double blind study we have examined the effect of flumazenil and placebo in reversing midazolam sedation in patients undergoing conservative dental procedures.We assessed sedation by linear analogue scores (for patient and observer) and psychomotor function by choice reaction time and critical flicker fusion threshold, both sensitive tests of psychomotor performance after sedation.With a mean dose of 0 13 mg
Molecular mechanisms and selective influences that shape the kappa gene repertoire of IgM+ B cells.
Authors: S J Foster, H P Brezinschek, R I Brezinschek, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To analyze the human kappa chain repertoire and the influences that shape it, a single cell PCR technique was used that amplified Vkappa Jkappa rearrangements from genomic DNA of individual human B cells. More than 350 productive and 250 nonproductive Vkappa Jkappa rearrangements were sequenced. Nearly every functional Vkappa gene segment was used in rearrangements, although six Vkappa gene segments, A27, L2, L6, L12a, A17, and O12/O2 were used preferentially. Of these, A27, L2, L6, and L12a showed evidence of positive selection based on the variable region and not CDR3, whereas A17 was overrepresented because of a rearrangement bias based on molecular mechanisms. Utilization of Jkappa segments was also nonrandom, with Jkappa1 and Jkappa2 being overrepresented and Jkappa3 and Jkappa5 underrepresented in the nonproductive repertoire, implying a molecular basis for the bias. In B cells with two Vkappa Jkappa rearrangements, marked differences were noted in the Vkappa segments used for the initial and subsequent rearrangements, whereas Jkappa segments were used comparably. Junctional diversity was generated by n-nucleotide addition in 60% and by exonuclease trimming in 75% of the Vkappa Jkappa rearrangements analyzed. Despite this large degree of diversity, a strict CDR3 length was maintained in both productive and nonproductive rearrangements. More than 23% of the productive rearrangements, but only 7% of the nonproductive rearrangements contained somatic hypermutations. Mutations were significantly more frequent in Vkappa sequences derived from CD5- as compared with CD5+ B cells. These results document that the gene segment utilization within the Vkappa repertoire is biased by both intrinsic molecular processes as well as selection after light chain expression. Moreover, IgM+ memory cells with highly mutated kappa genes reside within the CD5- but not the CD5+ B cell compartment.
The Chromosomal Complement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Harry Bartfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

RHEUMATOID arthritis is a chronic, self-perpetuating, general disease of unknown etiology, whether infectious, metabolic or autoimmune. Familial studies, however, have shown that it occurs five times more frequently (3.0 per cent) in relatives of such patients than in relatives (0.6 per cent) of a normal control population.1 Also, serologic tests have revealed that rheumatoid factors are present four times more frequently (20 per cent) in the serum of relatives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in a normal control group (5 per cent).2 Furthermore, the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia, in whom no rheumatoid factor can . . .
Childhood lead poisoning in 1994
Authors: R. D. Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —According to Drs Goldman and Carra, 1 The US strategy [to prevent childhood lead poisoning] must begin to focus more than ever on poor, nonwhite, and inner-city children. Perhaps, instead of universal screening,  data... indicate the need for a more targeted approach.  But, compelled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1991 recommendation for universal blood screening of all young children for lead poisoning, one state after another has passed laws requiring universal childhood blood lead testing. Delaware is the most recent state to pass such a law, requiring all children to have blood lead screening performed at least once, preferably around the age of 1 year. Without lead screening, the child would not be admitted to day care; or if the child has reached 5 years of age without having a blood lead level checked, he or she would not be admitted to
Pericarditis in Chronic Uremia and Its Sequels
Authors: CHRISTINA M. COMTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Uremic pericarditis occurred in 25 of 152 patients treated by chronic dialysis. Pyrexia was associated with pericarditis in 96% of the patients. A friction rub was not heard at any time in two patients during their illness, and in several patients a rub was transient or intermittent. Myocarditis, manifest by hypotension, shock, arrhythmias, and heart failure, was a serious, relatively common complication. Pericarditis occurred significantly more frequently (P < 0.01) in younger patients, especially females. Inadequate dialysis, infection, and hyperparathyroidism appeared to be contributing factors. Steroid therapy produced regression of clinical pericarditis in several patients with severe disease but caused one death from sepsis. One patient developed constrictive pericarditis, and two patients developed subacute constrictive pericarditis. Unsuspected adhesive pericarditis was found at autopsy in eight patients, including two patients treated with steroids.