tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the effects of gastrin, histamine, histalog, and mechothane on the secretory capacity of the human stomach in two normal subjects over 20 months.
Authors: G M Makhlouf, J P McManus, W I Card
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This is an exhaustive study of the basal and stimulated secretion of two normal subjects over a period of 20 months.The calculated maximal responses have been experimentally obtained by slow intravenous administration of massive doses of gastrin It.These studies have enabled many characteristics of gastric activity to be defined. METHODSThe procedures have already been described in our previous communications.Three points, however, are worthy of re-emphasis.1 Salivary contamination was prevented by the insertion of dental cotton pledgets in the sulci of the cheeks.2 The juice was collected every five minutes and pooled into samples corresponding to 10-minute periods for purposes of titration, except in the case of single intravenous injections of gastrin, when five-minute samples were estimated directly.3 The 'pumping' effect of deep respiration is of major importance in the accurate collection of juice over short periods, and it was used throughout.In the early experiments, the spontaneous secretion was collected for one hour.As the subjects became con- ditioned to the procedure, it was found that a 20-minute collection, accurately recorded, provided a sufficient indication of the spontaneous secretion.All the tests, often repeated, were performed in a random manner over a period of 20 months.Fifty tests involving administration of gastrin IL by infusion or single intravenous injection were performed, and were equally distributed between the two subjects.The range of doses delivered by continuous infusion was 0-2 to 90 4g./hr.In the case of single intravenous injections of gastrin, the range was 0 5 to 100 /tg.total dose.In earlier experiments using this latter technique, insufficient attention had been paid to the standardiz- ation of the time during which the dose was delivered.In subject GM, however, whose dose-response curve is shown here, doses below 5 Hg. were administered over one minute.Higher doses were given more slowly.Four additional tests, two on each subject, were performed in which histamine (40 ,g./kg./hr.) or histamine (20 Hg./kg./hr.)plus mechothane (3 mg./hr.) were infused in doses known to elicit a 'maximal' response from this stimulant (Lawrie, Smith, and Forrest, 1964).
Epidermal Necrosis due to Nor-Adrenaline.
Authors: M. J. Mitchinson, G. A. Gresham
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1964)

Journal Article Epidermal Necrosis due to Nor‐Adrenaline. Get access M. J. Mitchinson, M. J. Mitchinson Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. A. Gresham G. A. Gresham Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 76, Issue 11, 1 November 1964, Pages 495–496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1964.tb15495.x Published: 01 November 1964
Pharmacological Preconditioning With Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Activates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 at Reperfusion Without Involving Classic Prosurvival Kinases (Akt and Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase)
Authors: Sandrine Lecour, Naushaad Suleman, Graeme A. Deuchar, Sarin Somers, Lydia Lacerda, Barbara Huisamen, Lionel H. Opie
Journal: Circulation (2005)

We previously reported that tumor necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can mimic classic ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Because TNF-alpha activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), we hypothesized that TNF-alpha-induced preconditioning requires phosphorylation of STAT-3 rather than involving the classic prosurvival kinases, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2, during early reperfusion.Isolated, ischemic/reperfused rat hearts were preconditioned by either IPC or low-dose TNF-alpha (0.5 ng/mL). Western blot analysis confirmed that IPC phosphorylated Akt and Erk 1/2 after 5 minutes of reperfusion (Akt increased by 34+/-6% and Erk, by 105+/-28% versus control; P<0.01). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibition (wortmannin) or mitogen-activated protein kinase-Erk 1/2 kinase inhibition (PD-98059) during early reperfusion abolished the infarct-sparing effect of IPC. In contrast, TNF-alpha preconditioning did not phosphorylate these kinases (Akt increased by 7+/-7% and Erk, by 17+/-14% versus control; P=NS). Neither wortmannin nor PD-98059 inhibited TNF-alpha-mediated cardioprotection. However, TNF-alpha and IPC both phosphorylated STAT-3 and the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) (STAT-3 increased by 58+/-17% with TNF-alpha or by 68+/-12% with IPC; BAD increased by 75+/-8% with TNF-alpha or by 205+/-20% with IPC; P<0.01 versus control), thereby activating the former and inactivating the latter. The STAT-3 inhibitor AG 490 abolished cardioprotection and BAD phosphorylation with both preconditioning stimuli.Activation of the classic prosurvival kinases (Akt and Erk 1/2) is not essential for TNF-alpha-induced preconditioning in the early reperfusion phase. We show the existence of an alternative protective pathway that involves STAT-3 activation specifically at reperfusion in response to both TNF-alpha and classic IPC. This novel prosurvival pathway may have potential therapeutic significance.
Expression of myeloperoxidase enhances the chemosensitivity of leukemia cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the nitration of protein
Authors: Y Sawayama, Y Miyazaki, K Ando, K Horio, C Tsutsumi, D Imanishi, H Tsushima, Y Imaizumi, T Hata, T Fukushima, S Yoshida, Y Onimaru, M Iwanaga, J Taguchi, K Kuriyama, M Tomonaga
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Colonoscopy completion rates: Technologies have evolved
Authors: Peter Irving, Joel Mawdsley, Richard Makins
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs Cause or association?Editor-The study by Willis et al, testing whether dogs can detect signs of bladder cancer in urine, may be the occasion for an amusing cover for the BMJ but this should not be an excuse for relaxing intellectual rigor when assessing the experiment. 1 Neither the authors nor the commentator point out that the study design is unable to distinguish cause from association-a basic logical error.The dogs may be detecting "tumour related volatile compounds" or they may be detecting a substance in the urine that is associated with an increased risk of cancer.The most obvious candidate would be from cigarette smoking, which would be rather unoriginal, but it could also be other as yet unidentified substances.Furthermore, while the dogs may only be 41% accurate at detecting urine from people already diagnosed with cancer, the results would also be consistent with a higher accuracy for detecting patients at risk of cancer.The authors should follow up their interesting preliminary study rigorously and the BMJ should stick to the Christmas edition for letting down its usual standards of review.
Postexercise Proteinuria in Humans
Authors: Jacques R. Poortmans
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Strenuous exercise induces profound changes in renal hemodynamics and the protein content of urine. Postexercise proteinuria seems to be directly related to the intensity of exercise, rather than to its duration. The pattern of proteins identified in urine collected after exercise is different from normal physiological proteinuria. Immunochemical techniques demonstrate that postexercise proteinuria is of mixed glomerular-tubular type when heavy exercise is involved. The origin of proteinuria after light exercise seems to be preponderantly of glomerular type. Clearance of individual plasma proteins suggests an increased glomerular permeability and a partial tubular-reabsorption inhibition of macromolecules. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:236-240)
The (mis)management of agency: Conscious belief and nonconscious self-control
Authors: Brandon Randolph-Seng
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract McKay &amp; Dennett (M&amp;D) identify positive illusions as fulfilling the criteria for an adaptive misbelief, but could there be other types of beliefs that may qualify as adaptive misbeliefs? My commentary addresses this and other questions through identifying belief in free will as a potential candidate as an adaptive misbelief.
Irinophore C™, a lipid nanoparticulate formulation of irinotecan, improves vascular function, increases the delivery of sequentially administered 5-FU in HT-29 tumors, and controls tumor growth in patient derived xenografts of colon cancer
Authors: Robert Neijzen, May Q. Wong, Navdeep Gill, He Wang, Tamanna Karim, Malathi Anantha, Dita Strutt, Dawn Waterhouse, Marcel B. Bally, Isabella T. Tai, Sylvia S.W. Ng, Donald T. Yapp
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Asthma "crisis" for black Americans
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The National Medical Association, the professional organisation of 25000 African-American doctors, declared at its annual meeting earlier this week that asthma is a public health crisis for black people in America.

Dr Michael LeNoir, chair of the allergy and asthma section of the association and an associate professor of paediatrics at the University of California in San Francisco, said that African-Americans are two to six times more likely to die from …
Latent Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Bruce V. Stadel
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr McPherson's own data<sup>1</sup>on OCs and breast cancer stand against his speculations on long-term latent effects. He finds an elevated risk of breast cancer with use, before first term pregnancy, of OCs containing ethinylestradiol but not for OCs containing mestranol, which is metabolized to ethinylestradiol. He reports a significant dose response and substantial elevation in risk (more than twofold for more than one year of OC use) at zero years' latency. Although the effect is maximal at ten years' latency, the elevated risk declines substantially—almost to levels at zero years' latency—at 12 and 14 years. This suggests that a short-term promotional effect on occult tumors is more compatible with his data than the specter of long-term latency, on the order of 20 years or more, which he raises in his letter.
Problems in the Staging of Hodgkin Disease
Authors: Peter C. Raich
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  I agree in principle with Smith et al (224:1026, 1973) that a staging laparotomy may not be needed in all patients with Hodgkin disease, especially in those patients with stage I and II-A disease with favorable histology. To classify a patient as having clinical stage IV disease, however, on the basis of abnormal liver function studies or hepatomegaly, as was done by the authors preoperatively in four patients, is possibly a serious error. This has been demonstrated quite decisively by several studies, including those by Ultman1and Givler et al.2Ultman reported. liver biopsy studies on 120 patients who clinically had no evidence of liver involvement, four of whom were found to have Hodgkin disease in the liver. Thirty-two patients were thought to have liver involvement clinically; only three had positive liver biopsies on laparotomy.  To avoid confusion in such patients it would be more
Regulation of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes
Authors: William M. Pandak, Phillip B. Hylemon, Shunlin Ren, Dalila Marques, Gregorio Gil, Kaye Redford, Darrell Mallonee, Rano Z. Vlahcevic
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Conversion of cholesterol into 7α-hydroxylated bile acids is a principal pathway of cholesterol disposal. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the initial and rate-determining enzyme in the “classic” pathway of bile acid synthesis. An “alternative” pathway of bile acid synthesis is initiated by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) with subsequent 7α-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol by oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1). The regulation of CYP7B1, possibly a rate-determining enzyme in the alternative pathway, has not been thoroughly studied. The aims of this study were to (1) study the regulation of liver CYP7B1 by bile acids, cholesterol, adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in primary rat hepatocytes and (2) determine the effect of CYP7B1 overexpression on rates of bile acid synthesis. The effects of different bile acids (3-150 μmol/L), cAMP (50 μmol/L), PMA (100 nmol/L; protein kinase C stimulator), cholesterol (200 μmol/L), and squalestatin (1 μmol/L; cholesterol synthesis inhibitor) on CYP7B1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes were studied. Taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid decreased CYP7B1 activity by 45% ± 10% and 36% ± 7%, respectively. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid did not alter CYP7B1 activity. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with squalestatin decreased CYP7B1 activity by 35%, whereas addition of cholesterol increased activity by 39%. Both PMA and cAMP decreased CYP7B1 activity by 60% and 34%, respectively, in a time-dependent fashion. Changes in CYP7B1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels correlated with changes in specific activities. Overexpression of CYP7B1 led to a marked increase in CYP7B1 mRNA levels and specific activity but no change in rates of bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, in the rat, CYP7B1 specific activity is highly regulated but does not seem to be rate limiting for bile acid synthesis.
Cardiac alpha1 and beta adrenoceptors in rabbits: effects of dietary sodium and cholesterol
Authors: K. TSUJI, S. TSUTSUMI, K. OGAWA, Y. MIYAZAKI, T. SATAKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To investigate the effects of dietary sodium and cholesterol on alpha1 and beta adrenoceptors in hearts, male Japanese white rabbits were treated with either deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) (50 mg/week sc) plus 1% saline in drinking water, frusemide (10 mg/2 days im), or cholesterol enriched diet (2%, w/w) for eight weeks. Using myocardial membrane preparations, characteristics of alpha1 and beta adrenoceptors were assessed by a radioligand binding assay using 3H-prazosin and 125I-iodocyanopindolol (125I-CYP) as radioactive ligands respectively. Although the treatment with DOCA and salt induced a small but significant increase in the mean arterial blood pressure, other treatments did not affect blood pressure. None of these interventions affected body weight, ventricular weight, ratio of ventricular weight to body weight, or protein yield of membrane preparations. Neither the number nor the affinity of cardiac alpha1 adrenoceptors (Bmax 15.1(1.7) fmol·mg protein−1, KD 0.63(0.13) nmol·litre−1 for controls) was affected by any of the treatments given. In contrast to alpha1 adrenoceptors, the number of beta adrenoceptors (Bmax) decreased significantly from 109.9(9.6) fmol·mg protein−1 for controls to 54.8(5.2) and 52.7(6.9) for rabbits treated with DOCA salt and cholesterol respectively. KD values of beta adrenoceptors for 125I-CYP decreased significantly with cholesterol treatment from 22.5(2.5) to 13.6(2.7) pmol·litre−1. Salt depletion produced by frusemide administration did not affect either the number or the affinity of beta adrenoceptors. These results suggest that changes in the sensitivity of tissues to catecholamines induced by the administration of DOCA salt and cholesterol enriched diet are due to alterations in beta adrenoceptors in the heart.
104 A CANDIDATE-GENE APPROACH TO VALIDATION OF GENETIC MODIFIER ASSOCIATIONS USING A LARGE COHORT WITH HISTOLOGICALLY CHARACTERISED NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Q.M. Anstee, R. Darlay, J. Leathart, Y.-L. Liu, J. Tordjman, K. Clement, G. Aithal, L. Valenti, L. Van Gaal, F. Stickel, M. Alison, M. Romero-Gomez, R. Andrade, H. Reeves, P. Bedossa, J. Pihlajamaki, A. Kotronen, H. Yki-Jarvinen, N. Chalasani, D.E. Kleiner, J. Rotter, A. Burt, V. Ratziu, H.J. Cordell, A.K. Daly, C.P. Day
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Trial Run for a “Science Court”
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Arthur Kantrowitz, a physicist and industrial executive who is a veteran of Washington's science advisory system, has at last received official recognition for a proposal that he has been promoting for over a decade. Some say it is a sound proposal, difficult to implement, but worth trying; others say it is at best naïve. But since it is apparently going to be tested, and it directly involves interests of the scientific and medical communities, it may be useful to start tracking it at an early stage.Kantrowitz wants to establish a "science court" from which expert "judges" will render decisions . . .
FURTHER REPORT OF A CASE OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AFTER STRANGULATED HERNIA
Authors: G. Mallett
Journal: BMJ (1854)

10hO.t guss in the isrdciefunctions have occurred,ao it is now that the huband had some time an- ~ssd.nt1ysufered from primary symptoms-when under *u5 circumstances, such uterine derangement resists ra- tioal and woll directed measures of treatment, and more- onr becomes complicated with affections of the throat, akin, or Periosteum, similar to those met with in persons suf- fu4ng from constitutional syphilis-then it appears to me that we are bound to take the question into our most siOus consideration; and if doubt or suspicion exists, to
Relationship between Hardiness and Risk of Burnout in a Sample of 92 Nurses Working in Oncology and AIDS Wards
Authors: A. Costantini, L. Solano, R. di Napoli, A. Bosco
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

The present study tested the hypothesis that particular personality dispositions act as resistance resources in the encounter with stressful life events.The sample consisted of 100 student nurses working in critical areas (oncology and AIDS). At the beginning of the 2nd year course subjects were administered the Kobasa Hardiness Scale and at the end of the year the Maslach Burnout Inventory.Higher hardiness levels at the beginning of the course were associated with lower emotional exhaustion and higher personal achievement scores at the end. As predicted, findings show hardiness scores to be predictive of the risk of burnout.A screening of personality traits could be useful in preventing the risk of burnout in nurses working in critical areas.
Black women have a higher risk of breast cancer than white women
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Black women in Britain develop breast cancer up to 21 years earlier than white women. They are seen at a median age of 46—four years before routine NHS screening for the disease starts—compared with 67 for white women, according to the first published data on breast cancer presentation in black women ( British Journal of Cancer ; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604174).

Among women with smaller tumours (less than 2 cm), black women were nearly three times as likely to die of their disease (hazard ratio 2.90, 95% CI 0.98 to 8.60, P=0.05).

“Our findings could have major implications for the biology of breast cancer and the detection and treatment of the disease in black …
Afibrinogenemia With Severe Head Trauma
Authors: Malcom S. Druskin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Fibrinogen levels may be variously affected by disturbances of homeostasis. Injury is usually followed by evaluation of plasma fibrinogen value.<sup>1</sup>A decrease of modest proportions accompanies normal delivery, while abnormal parturition is associated with a more precipitous one.<sup>2</sup>Depletion of fibrinogen of varying degrees may be seen with infection, endotoxemia, tumor, intravascular hemolysis, antigen-antibody interaction, and hypotension.<sup>3</sup>These entities have in common the defibrinogenation of blood by its contact with thromboplastic substances or by the acceleration of fibrinolysis or by combinations of these mechanisms. Occasionally, profound reduction of fibrinogen occurs, as in an instance in which severe head trauma alone appeared responsible. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 13-year-old Negro girl in apparently good health until the day of admission was brought to the emergency room within one hour following a gunshot wound to the right frontal region. She was comatose, apneic, and demonstrated anisocoria.
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dampens the Severity of Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Authors: Paola Di Meglio, João H. Duarte, Helena Ahlfors, Nick D.L. Owens, Ying Li, Federica Villanova, Isabella Tosi, Keiji Hirota, Frank O. Nestle, Ulrich Mrowietz, Michael J. Gilchrist, Brigitta Stockinger
Journal: Immunity (2014)

Environmental stimuli are known to contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis and that of other autoimmune diseases, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor that senses environmental stimuli, modulates pathology in psoriasis. AhR-activating ligands reduced inflammation in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients, whereas AhR antagonists increased inflammation. Similarly, AhR signaling via the endogenous ligand FICZ reduced the inflammatory response in the imiquimod-induced model of skin inflammation and AhR-deficient mice exhibited a substantial exacerbation of the disease, compared to AhR-sufficient controls. Nonhematopoietic cells, in particular keratinocytes, were responsible for this hyperinflammatory response, which involved upregulation of AP-1 family members of transcription factors. Thus, our data suggest a critical role for AhR in the regulation of inflammatory responses and open the possibility for novel therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory disorders.
Racial Inequalities in the Use of Procedures for Ischemic Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: Mark B. Wenneker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Holmes, Hodges, and Rich raise important concerns about the reasons white patients receive more cardiac procedures than black patients. Our primary intent in the study published in<i>JAMA</i>was to establish whether racial differences exist in the number of cardiac procedures performed. Despite the many methodological difficulties in examining this hypothesis, we are confident that our data demonstrate that a real difference does exist. Our limited data and the study design make it impossible to draw any firm conclusions on the origins of this discrepancy. To examine the troubling but unavoidable hypothesis that racial bias rather than other factors is the major cause of this difference, we propose a different database and study design. Several important variables to be included are clinical indications for procedure use, race and seniority (resident or staff attending) of physician, availability of support services and disability insurance, physicians' reasons for offering or
Distribution of p230, an α-spectrin-related polypeptide in normal and psoriatic epidermis and in cultured human keratinocytes
Authors: A.-L. KARINIEMI, V.-P. LEHTO, I. VIRTANEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Distribution of p230, an α‐spectrin‐related polypeptide in normal and psoriatic epidermis and in cultured human keratinocytes Get access A.‐L. KARINIEMI, A.‐L. KARINIEMI Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital A.‐L. Kariniemi, M.D., Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki 17, Finland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.‐P. LEHTO, V.‐P. LEHTO Department of Pathology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. VIRTANEN I. VIRTANEN Department of Pathology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 2, 1 August 1984, Pages 139–145, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04036.x Published: 01 August 1984 Article history Accepted: 07 February 1984 Published: 01 August 1984