tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Joan Gladys Harcourt Norris
Authors: S. Harcourt-Webster
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner and school medical officer (b 1907; q Royal Free School of Medicine, London, 1932), d 19 November 2002.

After qualification she worked in East End hospitals, usually being assigned the venereal disease wards to test her mettle. She married in 1934, therefore becoming unsuitable for hospital appointments, and so she went into general practice in Chingford until 1946. Moving to Abingdon she continued in practice until 1952, when she was appointed school medical officer for North Berkshire. She was a magistrate and school governor for 25 years, and a town councillor, becoming mayor in 1971. Her husband died in 1988.
Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Roles of NO, cGK, and RhoA in Long-Lasting Potentiation and Aggregation of Synaptic Proteins
Authors: Hong-Gang Wang, Fang-Min Lu, Iksung Jin, Hiroshi Udo, Eric R. Kandel, Jan de Vente, Ulrich Walter, Suzanne M. Lohmann, Robert D. Hawkins, Irina Antonova
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Prevention of the Transient Adverse Effects of a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue (Buserelin) in Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma by Administration of an Antiandrogen (Nilutamide)
Authors: Jean-Marc Kuhn, Thierry Billebaud, Henri Navratil, Albert Moulonguet, Jean Fiet, Philippe Grise, Jean-François Louis, Pierre Costa, Jean-Marc Husson, Robert Dahan, Christine Bertagna, Richard Edelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues administered for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer induce a transient increase in plasma testosterone levels during the first week of treatment, often with a secondary rise in plasma levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and a flareup of disease. To determine whether the antiandrogen nilutamide (Anandron) blocks these effects, we carried out a multicenter, placebo-controlled study of nilutamide in men with prostatic cancer treated with the GnRH analogue buserelin. Thirty-six men with disseminated prostatic cancer and elevated plasma levels of prostatic acid phosphatase were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 included 17 men who received buserelin (500 μg daily subcutaneously) and nilutamide (300 mg daily by mouth); group 2 included 19 men treated with buserelin and placebo. Symptoms were assessed, and plasma was collected before treatment, daily for 14 days, and on days 18, 22, and 29 after the initiation of treatment. Bone pain appeared or worsened in 5 of the 17 men in group 1 and in 12 of the 19 men ingroup 2(P<0.05). Acute urinary obstruction occurred in one man in group 2. Despite similar changes in the plasma testosterone levels in both groups, the median concentration of plasma prostatic acid phosphatase decreased almost immediately in group 1, but increased transiently, then decreased on day 14 in group 2. Median levels of prostate-specific antigen decreased immediately in group 1 and decreased on day 8 in group 2. We conclude that nilutamide can prevent the adverse consequences of the buserelin-induced transient rise in plasma testosterone levels in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with a GnRH analogue. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:413–8.)
Development of Human Single-Chain Antibodies to the Transferrin Receptor that Effectively Antagonize the Growth of Leukemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Ronan Crépin, Anne-Laure Goenaga, Betsy Jullienne, Houcine Bougherara, Christine Legay, Karim Benihoud, James D. Marks, Marie-Alix Poul
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The major route of iron uptake by cells occurs through transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated endocytosis of diferric-charged plasma transferrin (holo-Tf). In this work, we pursued TfR antibodies as potential cancer therapeutics, characterizing human single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFv) specific for the human TfR isolated from a phage display library. We hypothesized that many of these antibodies would function as ligand mimetics because scFvs from the library were selected for binding and internalization into living cells. In support of this hypothesis, the anti-TfR scFvs identified were antagonists of TfR binding to holo-Tf, particularly two of the most potent antibodies, 3TF12 and 3GH7, which blocked the in vitro proliferation of a number of hematopoietic cancer cell lines. We optimized this activity of 3TF12 and 3GH7 by engineering 55-kDa bivalent antibody formats, namely, F12CH and H7CH, which could block cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 0.1 microg/mL. We found that the mechanism of the scFv antibody cytotoxicity was unique compared with cytotoxic anti-TfR monoclonal antibodies that have been described, causing cell surface upregulation of TfR along with the inhibition of holo-Tf cell uptake and induction of cell death. In a nude mouse model of erythroleukemia, administration of F12CH reduced tumor growth. Together, our findings define a new class of fully human anti-TfR antibodies suitable for immunotherapy against tumors whose proliferation relies on high levels of TfR and iron uptake, such as acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias.
Some Current Concepts Concerning the Diseases of Connective Tissue.
Authors: A. McG. Harvey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Some Current Concepts Concerning the Diseases of Connective Tissue.A. McG. Harvey, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. McG. Harvey, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1055_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past few years much new information has been obtained regarding the immunologic aspects of the various diseases of connective tissue. These studies, together with the clinical observations relating to the association of more than one auto-immune disease in the same patient, and the detection of serologic abnormalities and related diseases in first-degree relatives of patients with certain of the connective tissue diseases, have led to new ideas concerning the pathogenesis. The implication of these findings for the internist will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the current concepts of the nature of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1055-1055KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesConnective tissueConnective tissue diseasesLupus erythematosusPathogenesisRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Does the decline in child injury mortality vary by social class? A comparison of class specific mortality in 1981 and 1991
Authors: I. Roberts, C. Power
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine whether the decline in child injury death rates between 1981 and 1991 varied by social class. <b>Design</b>: Comparison of class specific child injury death rates for 1979, 1980, 1982, and 1983, with those for the four years 1989-92. <b>Setting</b>: England and Wales. <b>Subjects</b>: Children aged 0-15 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Death rates from injury and poisoning. <b>Results</b>: Death rates from injury and poisoning have fallen for children in all social classes. The decline for children in social classes IV and V (21% and 2% respectively), however, is smaller than that for children in social classes I and II (32% and 37%). As a result of the differential decline in injury death rates, socioeconomic mortality differentials have increased. In the four years 1979-80 and 1982-83 the injury death rate for children in social class V was 3.5 times that of children in social class I. For the four years 1989-92 the injury death rate for children in social class V was 5.0 times that of children in social class I. Poisson regression modelling showed that the trend in the decline in death rates across the social classes was unlikely to have arisen by chance alone. <b>Conclusions</b>: Socioeconomic inequalities in child injury death rates have increased. If these gradients persist, the Health of the Nation9s target is likely to be met for children in the non-manual social classes but not for those in the manual social classes. <h3>Key messages</h3> Mortality from childhood injury is falling, but there are steep social class gradients in death rates A comparison of class specific child injury death rates in 1981 and 1991 shows that the decline in injury death rates in social classes IV and V (21% and 2% respectively) was much smaller than for those in classes I and II (32% and 37%) Because of the differential decline in child injury death rates, socioeconomic mortality differentials increased during this period Unless government rhetoric on social class gradients in health is matched with appropriate action, the Health of the Nation9s target for accidents will be met for children in the non-manual social classes but not for those in the manual classes
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy and iritis: an association suggesting an immunological cause.
Authors: R J Guy, F Richards, M E Edmonds, P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Of 47 insulin requiring diabetics aged 21-40 years with autonomic neuropathy (heart rate variability less than 10), 14 had previously developed iritis. In all except two cases the iritis preceded the autonomic symptoms. The autonomic neuropathy was very severe, 10 patients having two or more characteristic symptoms. Ten of the patients with iritis were women. The association of iritis (itself an immune disorder) with severe symptomatic autonomic neuropathy raises the possibility of an underlying immunological basis for autonomic neuropathy.
Individuals who should have behaved differently
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The report concludes there were individuals who, in the view of the inquiry, could and should on occasions have behaved differently. It singled out several people for specific criticism.

James Wisheart: “lacked insight” and would not admit that his own results were poor. He misled the trust board, his management style was perceived as “autocratic,” and he was part of the “club culture which fostered a sense of them and us.”

John Roylance: was criticised for “an inappropriate degree of rigidity,” for not …
The effect of taping along forearm on long-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs): an ERP study
Authors: K Yamashiro, D Sato, T Yoshida, T Ishikawa, H Onishi, A Maruyama
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The application of tape has been widely used for many years by physiotherapists to deal with variety of sports disorders. However, it remains unclear whether the tape application affects the sensory input to somatosensory cortex. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify the effect of taping using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). We compared between control and tape application conditions using SEPs elicited by a electrical pulse (0.5 ms) applied to the medial forearm of right hand at inter-stimulus interval 5 s in 10 volunteers. There were three conditions (control, elastic- and white-tape). Electrical stimulation elicited clear two long latency SEPs, N140 and P250, in control, elastic- and white-tape conditions. The amplitude of P250 in elastic-tape condition was larger than that of P250 in control and white-tape conditions. Elastic-tape application forearm reduced the amplitude of P250. Therefore, elastic-tape application may affect the attention and perception relating to tactile stimulation.
Lupus vulgaris caused by Mycobacterium bovis ssp. caprae
Authors: S. Meyer, L. Naumann, M. Landthaler, T. Vogt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Sir, We report on an unusual case of lupus vulgaris (LV) caused by M. bovis ssp. caprae, which has not been described previously. The exact differentiation of this subspecies is of high practical importance, as special implications concerning antibiotic treatment options apply.1 A 69‐year‐old female patient, who had been living in Bavaria, south Germany, since birth, presented with a 10‐year‐history of painless, erythematous skin infiltrates on the right forehead, temple, cheek and earlobe (Fig. 1). A lupoid infiltrate could be demonstrated by diascopy. The probe test was negative. Further subjective symptoms were denied. A detailed history revealed that she had suffered from an 'open lung' disease in her childhood suggesting tuberculosis of the lung. Accordingly, we found two scarred lesions in the upper lobe of the right lung in chest radiography and computed tomography. There were no further signs of a currently active tuberculosis in other organs. Gastric mucus, urine and sputum did not reveal acid‐fast bacteria, neither microscopically nor after culturing. However, the intradermal tuberculine test was positive. Histopathological examination revealed an atrophic epidermis and granulomatous inflammation of the dermis. The corium was filled with epitheloid‐cell granulomas and admixed lymphocytes without central caseation. Results of Ziehl–Neelsen staining and immunohistochemical staining with antimycobacteria antibody were negative. However, the polymerase chain reaction of Mycobacterium complex‐specific DNA sequences was positive (Cobas/Amplicor, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Furthermore, while conventional cultures were negative (blood agar), mycobacteria could be grown in fluid culture (BactecMGIT 960 System, BD, Heidelberg, Germany). Subsequently, DNA Strip® technology (GenoType® MTBC, HAIN Lifescience GMBH, Nehren, Germany; for details see http://www.hain‐lifescience.de) was used for further identification of mycobacterial subspecies as described2 and revealed M. bovis ssp. caprae.
Beta 2-agonist treatment reduces beta 2-sensitivity in alveolar macrophages despite corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: P Hjemdahl, A Zetterlund, K Larsson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Alveolar macrophage beta 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity and bronchodilator responses to inhaled terbutaline were investigated before and after 2 wk of oral treatment with terbutaline 7.5 mg twice a day in healthy volunteers. The influence of corticosteroid treatment was examined by giving 10 subjects budesonide 400 micrograms twice a day by inhalation throughout the treatment period, and by giving 10 subjects 40 mg prednisolone and 10 subjects placebo orally 12 h before the second examination. Terbutaline treatment elicited marked attenuation (approximately 75% reductions) of isoprenaline-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in the alveolar macrophages. Responses to prostaglandin E1 were not influenced by treatment, suggesting homologous beta-adrenoceptor desensitization. Corticosteroid administration failed to either prevent (budesonide) or reverse (prednisolone) this desensitization. Bronchodilator responses to terbutaline were not altered by treatment in either group. We conclude that the beta 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity of human alveolar macrophages is markedly and selectively depressed by beta 2-agonist treatment and that corticosteroid treatment, contrary to previous hypotheses, fails to influence this phenomenon. Studies on the mechanisms involved are needed. The importance of alveolar macrophages in asthma is unclear, but the present data in humans are of interest in relation to possible effects of continuous beta 2-agonist treatment on inflammatory mechanisms in the airways.
Increase in Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Progression to Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Empar Lurbe, Josep Redon, Ajit Kesani, Jose Maria Pascual, Jose Tacons, Vicente Alvarez, Daniel Batlle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria often have elevated blood pressure while they are asleep, but it is not known whether the elevation develops concomitantly with microalbuminuria or precedes it.
Eye disease associated with handling pet tarantulas: three case reports
Authors: A. J Blaikie, J. Ellis, R. Sanders, C. J MacEwen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To determine the risk of testicular cancer in relation to undescended testis and its treatment based on recorded details of the maldescent, treatment, and biopsy from case notes.Design: Cohort study.Setting: Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,
Education programme reduces STDs in African-American girls
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Education programmes designed to promote self esteem in African-American teenage girls improved their behaviour towards avoiding HIV infection and showed some reduction in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), a study has shown ( JAMA 2004;292: 171-9).

The study randomised 522 sexually experienced African-American girls aged 14 to 18 years to two groups. The intervention group (n=251) attended sessions designed to promote self esteem, as well as providing information about HIV, skills in communication, condom use, and how …
Nitric Oxide Attenuates the Release of Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor
Authors: Johann Bauersachs, Ru¨diger Popp, Markus Hecker, Edith Sauer, Ingrid Fleming, Rudi Busse
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The contribution of the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), proposed to be a cytochrome P450–derived metabolite of arachidonic acid, to endothelium-dependent dilatation under physiological conditions has yet to be established, because its effect can be detected only after inhibition of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase. The possibility that NO exerts a feedback inhibition on EDHF formation was studied in isolated perfused arterial segments. Methods and Results Under combined blockade of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase, the EDHF-mediated vasodilatation elicited by receptor-dependent agonists in rabbit carotid and porcine coronary arteries was significantly attenuated by the NO donors C87-3786 and CAS 1609. The endothelium-independent dilatation elicited by isoproterenol was not altered by either NO donor. In N G -nitro- l -arginine–treated carotid artery segments, C87-3786 significantly attenuated the acetylcholine-induced increase in 6-keto-prostaglandin F 1α release, which was taken as an index of arachidonic acid liberation. In parallel experiments using cultured human endothelial cells, C87-3786 attenuated the Ca 2+ response to bradykinin. The release of EDHF from a luminally perfused porcine coronary artery was detected by recording the membrane potential of downstream-situated cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The NO donor C87-3786 had no effect on the hyperpolarization elicited by preformed EDHF but markedly inhibited its release from bradykinin-stimulated donor segments. Conclusions These findings indicate that under physiological conditions, the production of EDHF is damped by NO. Therefore, it follows that when NO synthesis is impaired, alleviation of this intrinsic inhibition may, at least in part, maintain endothelial vasodilator function.
QUESTION OF THE MONTH DISSENT
Authors: E. E. EDDLEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 August 1969QUESTION OF THE MONTH DISSENTE. E. EDDLEMAN JR., M.D.E. E. EDDLEMAN JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-2-433_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I would just like to call to your attention that the answer to the Question of the Month on Hematology (Ann. Intern. Med. 70: 1006, 1969) is probably in error. Previous concepts have been that intravenous pyelograms were contraindicated in patients suspected of multiple myeloma; however, recent studies by Morgan and Hammack (New Eng. J. Med. 275: 77, 1966) have shown that there is really no significant hazard to this group of patients. Thus, the answer to the Question would be that all of them were indicated.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital Medical College of Alabama Birmingham, Ala. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1969Volume 71, Issue 2Page: 433-433KeywordsHematology and oncologyIntravenous pyelographyMultiple myeloma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic traits in common diseases
Authors: A. G Wilson, G. W Duff
Journal: BMJ (1995)

An important current topic of medical research is the localisation of genes implicated in the susceptibility to common chronic diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. This has been greatly facilitated by the use of the polymerase chain reaction to characterise polymorphic microsatellite markers and the advent of automated technology and computer software to construct high resolution genetic maps covering the entire genome.

A recent example of the success of these methods occurred in the genome-wide search in families for genes conferring susceptibility to insulin dependent diabetes.1 Population studies, based on epidemiological principles, test the association of disease with specific genetic markers, and recent advances have also been made with this approach.

Most of these common diseases are clearly polygenic, involving several loci, and many population association studies leave little doubt that an appreciable genetic component of immunopathology lies in the major histocompatibility complex. This is a four megabase stretch of DNA (about …
The Effect of Inmate Populations on Estimates of DSM-IV Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders in the United States
Authors: Wilson M. Compton, Deborah Dawson, Sarah Q. Duffy, Bridget F. Grant
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

To The Editor: Most national estimates of adult DSM-IV substance use disorder (e.g., National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions [1], and National Survey on Drug Use and Health [2]) are based on household samples that exclude prison and jail inmates, populations known to have high rates of substance use disorders.To estimate the effect of excluding inmates, we present estimates of alcohol and drug use disorders for household and inmate populations and calculate the change in the overall prevalence of substance use disorder when these two populations are pooled.The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.
The scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez
Authors: G.M. KAVANAGH, P.E. JARDINE, R.D. PEACHEY, J.C. MURRAY, D.DE BERKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We have examined 14 of 28 members of a four-generation family, 10 of whom demonstrated the clinical features of the scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez, a cancer-prone dermatosis. Several members of this family demonstrated additional features, previously unrecorded in this syndrome, including poikiloderma-like changes on the nose, flexion contractures of the little finger, a distinctive little finger nodule, and telangiectasia on the lips. Genetic linkage was excluded to distal chromosome 4q (LOD score-4.399 at theta = 0.001). This concurs with the recent reappraisal study of one of the two original families described by Huriez, in which no evidence of linkage between this syndrome and the MNSs erythrocytic system (mapped to 4q28-q31) was found. This is the first report of a family from the U.K. with this syndrome.