tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health authorities on alert after extensive flooding in Europe
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Hundreds of severely ill patients, including 80 patients who were in intensive care, were successfully evacuated from Dresden's University Hospital last week when the river Elbe exceeded the previous flood record of more than 9 m and no end of the flooding was in sight.

The hospital, only 500m from the river, normally treats 1200 patients. The main logistical problem in the crisis was to transfer the 80 intensive care patients. When suitable beds were found elsewhere the patients were taken to Dresden airport. …
What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
Authors: T. V Perneger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Abnormal T cell responses to commensal bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. MyD88 is an essential signal transducer for TLRs in response to the microflora. We hypothesized that TLR signaling via MyD88 was important for effector T cell responses in the intestine. TLR expression on murine T cells was examined by flow cytometry. CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45Rb<sup>high</sup> T cells and/or CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45Rb<sup>low</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells were isolated and adoptively transferred to RAG1<sup>−/−</sup> mice. Colitis was assessed by changes in body weight and histology score. Cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. In vitro proliferation of T cells was assessed by [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine assay. In vivo proliferation of T cells was assessed by BrdU and CFSE labeling. CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45Rb<sup>high</sup> T cells expressed TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, and TLR3, and TLR ligands could act as costimulatory molecules. MyD88<sup>−/−</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells showed decreased proliferation compared with WT CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells both in vivo and in vitro. CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45Rb<sup>high</sup> T cells from MyD88<sup>−/−</sup> mice did not induce wasting disease when transferred into RAG1<sup>−/−</sup> recipients. Lamina propria CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell expression of IL-2 and IL-17 and colonic expression of IL-6 and IL-23 were significantly lower in mice receiving MyD88<sup>−/−</sup> cells than mice receiving WT cells. In vitro, MyD88<sup>−/−</sup> T cells were blunted in their ability to secrete IL-17 but not IFN-γ. Absence of MyD88 in CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45Rb<sup>high</sup> cells results in defective T cell function, especially Th17 differentiation. These results suggest a role for TLR signaling by T cells in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Efficacy and safety of one-puff, once-daily, evening treatment with mometasone furoate dry-powder inhaler 400 mcg compared with fluticasone propionate metered dose inhaler 125 mcg two puffs, twice daily in asthma patients switched from fluticasone propionate
Authors: P. Larivée, J. Eller, N. Crimi, C. Picado, A. Wardlaw, L. Ghaly, A.G. Harris
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Guided Cardiopoiesis Enhances Therapeutic Benefit of Bone Marrow Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Atta Behfar, Satsuki Yamada, Ruben Crespo-Diaz, Jonathan J. Nesbitt, Lois A. Rowe, Carmen Perez-Terzic, Vinciane Gaussin, Christian Homsy, Jozef Bartunek, Andre Terzic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Behavior of Parasite-Specific Effector CD8+ T Cells in the Brain and Visualization of a Kinesis-Associated System of Reticular Fibers
Authors: Emma H. Wilson, Tajie H. Harris, Paulus Mrass, Beena John, Elia D. Tait, Gregory F. Wu, Marion Pepper, E. John Wherry, Florence Dzierzinski, David Roos, Philip G. Haydon, Terri M. Laufer, Wolfgang Weninger, Christopher A. Hunter
Journal: Immunity (2009)
INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT SPORTS RELATED INJURIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: M Leppänen, S Aaltonen, J Parkkari, A Heinonen, UM Kujala
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The effects of methods to prevent injuries have been studied in several systematic reviews. However, no meta-analysis taking into account all randomised controlled intervention trials aiming at prevention of sports injuries has been published. Objective To summarise the effects of sports injury prevention interventions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting Systematic literature search was conducted in September 2013 using following data-bases: PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PEDro, Web of Science. The reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were hand searched. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Selected articles had to examine the effects of any preventive intervention on sports injuries, be randomised/quasi-randomised, controlled trials, published in a peer-reviewed journal. The outcome of the trial had to be injury rate or the number of injured individuals. Interventions The effectiveness of following interventions was studied: insoles, external joint supports, training programmes, stretching, protective head equipment, modified shoes, injury prevention videos. Main outcome measurements The number of injuries or injured individuals. Results The systematic review included 68 trials and the meta-analysis 60 trials. Insoles (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.81), external joint supports (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30–0.53), and specific training programmes (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.46–0.66) appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of sports injuries. Stretching (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80-1.06), modified shoes (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81–1.87), and preventive videos (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.44–1.68) seemed not to be effective. Conclusions Certain sports specific interventions can reduce the risk of sports injuries. There were limitations regarding the quality of the trials, generalisability of the results, and heterogeneity of the study designs. In future, the mechanisms behind effective methods and the most beneficial elements of preventive training programmes need to be clarified.
THE ACTION OF DRUGS ON RESPIRATION
Authors: Carl F. Schmidt, W. Benson Harer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. A method is described for recording intrathoracic pressure in cats without opening the pleural cavity; active expiratory movements were elicited by inhalation of a constant CO(2)-air mixture for a given time and a study was made of the action of drugs on inspiration and expiration. 2. Morphine and heroine were found to exert a selective depressant action on the central expiratory mechanism, and the slower rate, with relatively unaltered depth, seemed to be due at least partly to the slower rate of emptying the lungs. Codeine had no depressant action on the respiration of decerebrated cats. 3. Larger doses of morphine or heroine had no further depressant effect on rate or depth of breathing after expiration was made passive, unless circulatory depression appeared, and failure of circulation seemed to be the cause of respiratory depression, rather than the reverse relation. In decerebrated animals large doses of morphine and moderate doses of codeine stimulated the spinal cord, and expiration became active, with a faster rate of breathing. The characteristic action of morphine and heroine on the respiration of the cat is apparently limited to a depression of active expiration.
Relationship between symptoms and disordered continence mechanisms in women with idiopathic faecal incontinence
Authors: A E Bharucha
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Anal sphincter weakness and rectal sensory disturbances contribute to faecal incontinence (FI). Our aims were to investigate the relationship between symptoms, risk factors, and disordered anorectal and pelvic floor functions in FI. <b>Methods:</b> In 52 women with “idiopathic” FI and 21 age matched asymptomatic women, we assessed symptoms by standardised questionnaire, anal pressures by manometry, anal sphincter appearance by endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pelvic floor motion by dynamic MRI, and rectal compliance and sensation by a barostat. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of anal sphincter injury (by imaging), reduced anal resting pressure (35% of FI), and reduced squeeze pressures (73% of FI) was higher in FI compared with controls. Puborectalis atrophy (by MRI) was associated (p&lt;0.05) with FI and with impaired anorectal motion during pelvic floor contraction. Volume and pressure thresholds for the desire to defecate were lower, indicating rectal hypersensitivity, in FI. The rectal volume at maximum tolerated pressure (that is, rectal capacity) was reduced in 25% of FI; this volume was associated with the symptom of urge FI (p&lt;0.01) and rectal hypersensitivity (p = 0.02). A combination of predictors (age, body mass index, symptoms, obstetric history, and anal sphincter appearance) explained a substantial proportion of the interindividual variation in anal squeeze pressure (45%) and rectal capacity (35%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Idiopathic FI in women is a multifactorial disorder resulting from one or more of the following: a disordered pelvic barrier (anal sphincters and puborectalis), or rectal capacity or sensation.
Evidence for altered cell-mediated immunity in postmastectomy lymphoedema
Authors: E. MALLON, S. POWELL, P. MORTIMER, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Patients with chronic lymphoedema are prone to develop chronic infections and various tumours in the lymphoedematous limb, suggesting that regional immune surveillance is impaired. To test the hypothesis that cutaneous cell‐mediated immunity is impaired. 35 women with postmastectomy lymphoedema were investigated using dinitrochlorobenzene to test the afferent and efferent loops of the allergic contact immune response. The results suppot the role of lymphatics as an important component of the immune response to allergens by the demonstration of impairment of both the afferent and efferent loops of the allergic contact dermatitis reaction, and confirm that there is suppression of immune competence in a lymphoedematous limb.
Heart Damage Associated with Intracranial Lesions
Authors: R. C. R. Connor
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Focal myocytolysis, a form of myocardial damage, has been found to occur in about 8% of patients dying of intracranial lesions. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with brain damage may be due to this. The cause of focal myocytolysis remains unknown, but if it could be prevented it might avert the patient9s death from cardiac arrest or arrhythmia. Moreover, more than a minimal degree of this type of damage to the heart might make it unsuitable for transplantation.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospital Cross-infection
Authors: R. K. Ditchburn, J. McQuillin, P. S. Gardner, S. D. M. Court
Journal: BMJ (1971)

During an epidemic of respiratory syncytial (R.S.) virus in Newcastle upon Tyne 13 children developed R.S. virus infections while in hospital with other conditions. R.S. virus infection was also noted in four members of the staff. In two of the hospital wards outbreaks developed. All children infected with R.S. virus developed symptoms. The symptoms varied with age; two children aged 2 months or less developed colds, as did five children over 1 year of age. One child of 15 months with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, though suffering from a cold, later developed pulmonary collapse. All five children aged 3 to 8 months developed bronchiolitis. The effectiveness of special nursing in cubicles was probably diminished because adults with mild colds were excreting virus. The dangers of R.S. virus infection to other children in the ward, especially those with congenital heart disease, is emphasized.
Abstract 2264: Autophagy inhibition sensitizes the growth inhibitory effects of propolin C but not propolin G on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Hui-Chen Hsu, Hsiao-Feng Wang, Yu-Fen Chen, Yue-Wen Chen, Wei-Jung Chen, Meng-Feng Tsai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Propolins, prenylflavanones are isolated and characterized from Taiwanese propolis, have been shown inhibits certain cancer cell lines growth and induced apoptosis. In our previous study, Taiwanese propolis, propolin C and porpolin G, could promote LC3B increased within 6 hours treatment, moreover, and AVOs (acidic vesicular organelles) significantly increased by AO (Acridine orange) staining. The autophagy induced by propolin C or propolin G is accompanied by the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Flow cytometry assay showed that sub-G1 phase increased significantly in propolin G treatment but not in propolin C treatment. Autophagy pharmacological inhibitors, 3-methyladenine and Chloroquine were used to test whether autophagy blockade could lead to enhance cell death. The results showed that only autophagy inhibitor chloroquine effectively enhanced apoptosis induced by propolin C but not propolin G in A549 cells. The expression of pERK and pAkt was suppressed dramatically by autophagy inhibitor in combination with propolin C. Ectopic expression of mutant Akt (constitutive active) in A549 cells abolished chloroquine sensitization effect of propolin C. Together, autophagy serves a protective role in propolin C-mediated cytotoxicity, and autophagy modulators may be used as adjunctive therapeutic agents for propolin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2264. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2264
Abstract 1294: Metabolism and excretion of eribulin in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Anne-Charlotte Dubbelman, Marja Mergui-Roelvink, Barbara Koetz, Margarita Lymboura, Larisa Reyderman, Arturo Lopez-Anaya, Hilde Rosing, Serena Marchetti, Jos H. Beijnen, Jan HM Schellens
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract This Phase I, open-label, mass-balance study investigated the metabolism and excretion of eribulin, a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor with a novel mechanism of action, in patients with advanced solid tumors. A single 14C-eribulin acetate (∼85 μCi) 2 mg dose was given on Day 1 (cycle 1) as a 2-5-min IV bolus injection to 6 patients ≥18 years with advanced solid tumors that progressed after standard therapy or for which no standard therapy existed. Patients received 1.4 mg/m2 unlabeled eribulin mesylate (E7389) on Day 8 (cycle 1), and Days 1 and 8 of each subsequent 21-day cycle. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected from Days 1-8 (cycle 1) at specified time points or until sample radioactivity was &amp;lt;1% of the administered dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma, urine, and fecal concentrations of unmetabolized eribulin and 14C-eribulin- derived material from Day 1 dosing. Mean plasma eribulin exposure (627 ng.hr/mL) was comparable to that of total radioactivity (568 ng equivalent.hr/mL). Time-matched concentration ratios of eribulin to total radioactivity approached unity in blood and plasma: unchanged parent compound constituted almost all eribulin-derived radioactivity. Few metabolites of eribulin were detected in plasma. Each metabolite represented &amp;lt;0.6% of eribulin indicating there were no major metabolites of eribulin in plasma. Elimination half-lives for eribulin (45.6 hr) and total radioactivity (42.3 hr) were comparable. Eribulin-derived radioactivity excreted in feces was slightly higher (mean 81.5%, range 60.2-101.2%) than that of unchanged eribulin (mean 61.9%, range 42.8-78.5%) indicating that unchanged eribulin was primarily excreted in feces. Renal clearance (0.301 L/hr) was a minor component of total eribulin clearance (3.93 L/hr). Eribulin-derived radioactivity excreted in urine was comparable (mean 8.9%, range 5.4-16.4%) to that of unchanged eribulin (mean 8.1%, range 5.0-15.3%), indicating minimal excretion of metabolite(s) in urine. Total recovery of the radioactive dose was 90.4% in urine and feces. Overall, no major metabolites of eribulin were detected in plasma. Eribulin is primarily eliminated unchanged in feces, while urine constitutes a minor route of elimination. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1294. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1294
Isolation of mumps virus from the inner ear after sudden deafness.
Authors: G A Westmore, B H Pickard, H Stern
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A 26-year-old woman with bilateral otosclerosis underwent right stapedectomy with an excellent result. One year later, however, she developed symptoms of mumps and within two days was completely deaf in the right ear. Prompt surgical exploration excluded a complication of the otosclerosis and a perilymph fistula, but culture of a sample of perilymph grew mumps virus. The case provides direct evidence of a relation between mumps virus infection and inner-ear damage.
Consciousness beyond the comparator
Authors: Victor A. Shames, Timothy L. Hubbard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Gray's comparator model fails to provide an adequate explanation of consciousness for two reasons. First, it is based on a narrow definition of consciousness that excludes basic phenomenology and active functions of consciousness. Second, match/mismatch decisions can be made without producing an experience of consciousness. The model thus violates the sufficiency criterion.
Effects of simultaneous alterations in preload and afterload on measurements of left ventricular contractility in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Comparisons of ejection phase, isovolumetric and end-systolic force-velocity indexes
Authors: Kenneth M. Borow, Alex Neumann, Richard H. Marcus, Pinhas Sareli, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Heterogeneous Myocardial FDG Uptake and the Disease Activity in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Nobuhiro Tahara, Atsuko Tahara, Yoshikazu Nitta, Norihiro Kodama, Minori Mizoguchi, Hayato Kaida, Kenkichi Baba, Masatoshi Ishibashi, Naofumi Hayabuchi, Jagat Narula, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Aberrant methylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cumhur G. Ekmekci, Marina I. Gutiérrez, Abdul K. Siraj, Ugur Ozbek, Kishor Bhatia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Hypermethylator phenotype, a propensity of tumors to incur nonrandom concurrent methylation, has been described in several tumors, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More recent studies identified methylation of other tumor suppressor genes, DAP‐kinase and SOCS1, singly in AML. We therefore assessed the methylation status of these genes concurrently with other known targets of methylation. We used methylation‐specific PCR or COBRA to determine the extent of methylation of 10 genes in 28 AML samples from Turkey. In addition to DAP‐kinase and SOCS1, we included ER, p15, and E‐cadherin (reported to be frequently methylated) as well as p16, GSTP1, and HIC1 (reported as rarely methylated). We also included RARβ and p73 for which only minimal data in AML is available. All samples were methylated at least in one locus and all except one demonstrated methylation of DAP‐kinase, SOCS1, p15, and/or ER. DAP‐kinase is the most frequently methylated gene in both pediatric (70%) and adult AML (55%). RARβ is methylated in 18% and p73 in 10% of AMLs. Methylation of E‐cadherin and RARβ occurs preferentially in AMLs with high methylation index (MI), while epigenetic lesions in SOCS1, DAP‐kinase, and p15 appear to be independent. MI may be age‐dependent, with a peak in young adults. FAB M3 demonstrated a higher extent of methylation than M2/M4. This study provides an impetus for larger studies to define if the extent and pattern of methylation in subgroups of AML are clinically relevant. Am. J. Hematol. 77:233–240, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wholemeal versus wholegrain breads.
Authors: K. W. Heaton, P. M. Emmett, L. J. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

ciation of the potential risks of not being im- munised many doctors do not use the opportunity to offer immunisation during routine consulta- tions; other strategies are needed to bring about change.These results suggest the importance of using more than one intervention to produce an improvement in performance.Although the system described was carried out using manual recording, the potential for this type of intervention using computers is greatly in- creased.Using these figures for interpractice comparisons, with due regard to their limitations, could be a useful way of improving motivation.
The Benefit of an Insight-Oriented and Experiential Approach on Panic and Agoraphobia Symptoms
Authors: Ludwig Teusch, Hildegard Böhme, Markus Gastpar
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: It is a common view that psychodynamic treatment does not help much to ameliorate the symptoms of panic and agoraphobia. The effects of an insight-oriented treatment on central anxiety symptoms are the subject of the present controlled study. Methods: Forty patients with severe panic and agoraphobia were admitted to an inpatient anxiety treatment program. Most of the patients had been treated by pharmacological means unsuccessfully. The patients were randomly assigned to pure client-centered therapy or to additional behavioral exposure treatment. Client-centered and behavioral agoraphobia manuals were used. The patients were examined on admission, at discharge and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up for panic (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R – SCID), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale), agoraphobia (SCID, Fear Survey Schedule), and depressive (Hamilton Depression Scale) symptoms. Results: Both client-centered treatment and a combination with exposure treatment reduced panic, avoidance and depressive symptoms significantly. For a short period the combined treatment was superior in patients' coping actively with anxiety and improving agoraphobic symptoms. However, at 1 -year follow-up there was no further difference in the reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The results are discussed with regard to the combination of these forms of therapy and to widespread skepticism about the efficacy of insight-oriented treatment.
Treatment of Spastic Paresis
Authors: Robert R. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Whenever the central nervous system is damaged, two types of symptoms and signs emerge. Negative ones, such as weakness, paralysis, fatigability, and lack of dexterity, result from either disconnection of lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord from the cerebral motor system or destruction of the neurons themselves. The second type — positive symptoms and signs — includes excessive involuntary motor activity usually associated with macroscopic lesions of the central nervous system and referred to as spasticity. Disconnection of lower motor neurons from cerebral control releases lower-level circuits, which then become overactive and produce dramatic patterns of . . .