tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinitest and Acetest vs Ketodiasticks
Authors: S. Erill
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  In dealing with the possible reasons for changing from Clinitest and Acetest tablets to Ketodiasticks your QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS consultant (230:1584, 1974) does not mention that Acetest tablets contain a strong alkali and that this has been the cause of severe poisoning when the tablets were accidentally swallowed. I believe that possible health hazards should be taken into account when considering diagnostic procedures such as this, intended for use by laymen as well as professionals.
TCT-545 Contemporary Safety and Effectiveness of Peripheral Endovascular Interventions and Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery in the Treatment of Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Thomas T. Tsai, Rajan Gupta, Nasim Hedayati, Omid Jazaeri, William S. Jones, Thomas F. Rehring, Susan M. Shetterly, Nicole M. Wagner, Manesh Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Increased Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: RICHARD W. TOBIN, CHARLES E. POPE, CARLOS A. PELLEGRINI, MARY J. EMOND, JIM SILLERY, GANESH RAGHU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology. Introduction of acid into the respiratory tree can produce pulmonary fibrosis. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has previously been associated with several other respiratory conditions, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma. To investigate prospectively the possible association of GER and IPF, 17 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven IPF and eight control patients with ILD other than IPF underwent dual-channel, ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Sixteen of 17 patients with IPF had abnormal distal and/or proximal esophageal acid exposure compared with four of eight control patients (p = 0.02). In the patients with IPF, mean percent distal total (13.6 versus 3.34, p = 0.006), distal upright (12.4 versus 5.1, p = 0.04), distal supine (14.7 versus 0.88, p = 0.02), and proximal supine (7.48 versus 0.24, p = 0.04) esophageal acid exposure times were significantly greater than those in control patients. Only four patients with IPF (25%) with increased acid exposure had typical reflux symptoms such as heartburn or regurgitation. Patients with IPF have a high prevalence of increased esophageal acid exposure, usually without typical GER symptoms. GER in these patients tends to occur at night and extend into the proximal esophagus. Acid reflux may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IPF.
Factors associated with self-reported, pesticide-related visits to health care providers in the agricultural health study.
Authors: M C Alavanja, D P Sandler, C J McDonnell, C F Lynch, M Pennybacker, S H Zahm, J Lubin, D Mage, W C Steen, W Wintersteen, A Blair
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

To investigate factors associated with pesticide-related visits to health care providers (i.e., doctor or hospital visits), responses to self-administered questionnaires received from 35,879 licensed restricted-use pesticide applicators participating in the Agricultural Health Study were analyzed. (In Iowa, applicators are actually certified, whereas in North Carolina they are licensed; for ease of reference, the term license will be used for both states in this paper.) The cohort reported a total of more than 10.9 million pesticide-application days. These applications were associated with one or more pesticide-related health care visits by 2,214 applicators (7.0% of the applicator cohort for whom health care visit data were available). The odds of a pesticide-related health care visit were increased for commercial applicators compared to private applicators [odds ratio (OR = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52-2.06) and for applicators who used insecticides 70 times or more in their lifetime compared to those who used insecticides less frequently (OR = 1.43; CI, 1.26-1.63). After adjusting for the number of applications in a logistic regression model, significantly higher odds of health care visits were observed among North Carolina applicators compared to Iowa applicators (OR = 1.35; CI, 1.17-1.52), among applicators who mixed their own pesticides (OR = 1.65; CI, 1. 22-2.23), and among applicators who personally repaired their pesticide application equipment at least once per year (OR = 1.12; CI, 1.06-1.25). Significantly lower odds were found among female versus male applicators (OR = 0.68; CI, 0.46-0.99) and among applicators who graduated from high school versus those who did not (OR = 0.82; CI, 0.71-0.94 for high school graduates and OR = 0.79; CI, 0.68-0.91 for those with at least some college). Several methods of pesticide application to crops, seed, or stored grain were also associated with significantly elevated odds ratios of health care visits. These observations suggest that several steps can be taken to reduce the number of health care visits resulting from occupational exposure to pesticides. The implications of this pattern of pesticide-related health care visits may have etiologic implications for cancer and other chronic diseases.
Double-channel colonoscopic snare resection of large pedunculated polyps using a clipping method
Authors: M. Tsai, K. Wang, S. Chou, V. Chen, Y. Yang
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The predominant complication associated with colonoscopic polypectomy is bleeding, the rate ranging from 0.44 % to 2.6 % [1] [2]. Iida et al. [3] used a clipping method for endoscopic polypectomy in 40 patients. However, this maneuver might be quite difficult to accomplish with a single-channel endoscope when the endoscopic view of the pedicle is limited. We developed a new and easy clipping technique for double-channel colonoscopic snare resection of large pedunculated polyps in an attempt to reduce the incidence of hemorrhage.
Ventilatory Assistance Improves Exercise Endurance in Stable Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: DENIS E. O'DONNELL, CHRISTINE D'ARSIGNY, SATISH RAJ, HOSHIAR ABDOLLAH, KATHERINE A. WEBB
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We postulated that ventilatory assistance during exercise would improve cardiopulmonary function, relieve exertional symptoms, and increase exercise endurance (T(lim)) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). After baseline pulmonary function tests, 12 stable patients with advanced CHF (ejection fraction, 24 +/- 3% [mean +/- SEM]) performed constant-load exercise tests at approximately 60% of their predicted maximal oxygen consumption (V O(2)max) while breathing each of control (1 cm H(2)O), continuous positive airway pressure optimized to the maximal tolerable level (CPAP = 4.8 +/- 0.2 cm H(2)O) or inspiratory pressure support (PS = 4.8 +/- 0.2 cm H(2)O), in randomized order. Measurements during exercise included cardioventilatory responses, esophageal pressure (Pes), and Borg ratings of dyspnea and leg discomfort (LD). At a standardized time near end-exercise, PS and CPAP reduced the work of breathing per minute by 39 +/- 8 and 25 +/- 4%, respectively (p < 0. 01). In response to PS: T(lim) increased by 2.8 +/- 0.8 min or 43 +/- 14% (p < 0.01); slopes of LD-time, V O(2)-time, V CO(2)-time, and tidal Pes-time decreased by 24 +/- 10, 20 +/- 11, 28 +/- 8, and 44 +/- 9%, respectively (p < 0.05); dyspnea and other cardioventilatory parameters did not change. CPAP did not significantly alter measured exercise responses. The increase in T(lim) was explained primarily by the decrease in LD- time slopes (r = -0.71, p < 0.001) which, in turn, correlated with the reductions in V O(2)-time (r = 0.61, p < 0.01) and tidal Pes-time (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). in conclusion, ventilatory muscle unloading with PS reduced exertional leg discomfort and increased exercise endurance in patients with stable advanced CHF.
Results of a Nationwide Veterans Affairs Initiative to Align Graduate Medical Education and Patient Care
Authors: David P. Stevens, Gloria J. Holland, Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Planning for the US physician workforce is imprecise. Prevailing policy generally advocates more training in primary care specialties.To describe a program to increase primary care graduate medical education (GME) in a large academic health system-the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).In 1995, a VA advisory panel recommended a 3-year plan to eliminate 1000 specialist training positions and add 750 primary care positions. After assessing the impact of the first year of these changes on patient care, the VA implemented modifications aimed at introducing primary care curricula for training of internal medicine subspecialists, neurologists, and psychiatrists. The change in strategy was in response to the call for better alignment of GME with local patient care and training needs to provide coordinated, continuous care for seriously and chronically ill patients.The VA health system, including 172 hospitals, 773 ambulatory and community-based clinics, 206 counseling centers, and 132 nursing homes.A total of 8900 VA residency training positions affiliated with 107 medical schools.Proportion of residents in primary care training during the 3-year alignment.Over 3 years, primary care training in the VA increased from 38% to 48% of funded positions. Of this total, 39% of the increase was in internal medicine subspecialties, neurology, and psychiatry.In this case study of GME realignment, national policy was driven more by local patient care issues than by a perceived national need for primary care or specialty positions.
Clinical, biologic, and pathologic features in 157 patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma treated within the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) trials
Authors: Nathalie Mourad, Nicolas Mounier, Josette Brière, Emmanuel Raffoux, Alain Delmer, Alfred Feller, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Jean-François Emile, Réda Bouabdallah, André Bosly, Jacques Diebold, Corinne Haioun, Bertrand Coiffier, Christian Gisselbrecht, Philippe Gaulard
Journal: Blood (2008)
Erratum: Corrigendum: ASIP and TYR pigmentation variants associate with cutaneous melanoma and basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Simon N Stacey, Alisa M Goldstein, Thorunn Rafnar, Bardur Sigurgeirsson, Kristrun R Benediktsdottir, Kristin Thorisdottir, Rafn Ragnarsson, Steinunn G Sveinsdottir, Veronica Magnusson, Annika Lindblom, Konstantinos Kostulas, Rafael Botella-Estrada, Virtudes Soriano, Pablo Juberías, Matilde Grasa, Berta Saez, Raquel Andres, Dominique Scherer, Peter Rudnai, Eugene Gurzau, Kvetoslava Koppova, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Margret Jakobsdottir, Stacy Steinberg, Agnar Helgason, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Margaret A Tucker, José I Mayordomo, Eduardo Nagore, Rajiv Kumar, Johan Hansson, Jon H Olafsson, Jeffrey Gulcher, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VITRO
Authors: Hermann Wagner, Marc Feldmann, W. Boyle, J. W. Schrader
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

All efficient cell separation procedure and specific anti-macrophage serum were used to investigate the requirement of macrophages in the in vitro allograft response of mouse lymphoid cells. The efficiency of the macrophage-depletion procedure used and the undiminished capacity of the purified lymphocytes to respond were verified by also testing the antibody responses to sheep red cells (SRC) and dinitrophenylated polymeric flagellin (DNP POL) as well as the proliferative response to allogeneic cells. It was found that the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes were diminished after macrophage depletion by surface adherence. The combination of anti-macrophage serum and column purification resulted in the total abolition of cytotoxic activity. The cell-mediated immune response was restored completely by addition of peritoneal macrophages, with as few as 1 macrophage to 600 lymphocytes permitting a significant restoration. Macrophages were not involved in the cytotoxic effector phase, but were essential in immune induction. A subcellular H-2 alloantigen preparation was only immunogenic in the presence of macrophages, indicating that a mere reduction in the size of the antigen from cell-bound alloantigens to membrane fragments was not the sole function of macrophages. The results suggest that macrophages collaborate with T cells in the initiation of an allograft response in vitro.
P177 Outcomes of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA) Eradication in Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Latent Period from Growth to Eradication Are Significant Variables in Eradication Success: Abstract P177 Table 1
Authors: S Ejiofor, G Packer, K Mckinley, J Whitehouse
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> PA colonisation is associated with a more rapid decline in lung function and poorer health outcomes and possibly increased mortality in non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.<sup>1,2</sup> Early aggressive antibiotic therapy is aimed at negating these deleterious effects and is recommended by the British Thoracic Society (BTS).<sup>3</sup> Within Heart of England NHS Trust a policy of PA eradication has existed since 2005. <h3>Method</h3> All patients with a clinical presentation of and HRCT-confirmed bronchiectasis were identified retrospectively from a respiratory outpatient database created in 2005. Patients were included in the study if they a) cultured PA in sputum (usually 1st growth) b) underwent treatment with eradication intent and c) had at least 12 months follow up from the initiation of eradication therapy. Eradication was defined as three negative sputum samples taken following eradication treatment. Eradication regimens broadly followed the BTS guidance. Mann U Whitney and χ2 tests were used in statistical analyses. <h3>Results</h3> see table 1 Eradication of PA was achieved in 51/72 (71%) of patients. Of those eradicated 36/51 (71%) did not reculture PA to date. Mean time in months from first growth to eradication (6.82 vs 16.19) was significantly lower in the group successfully eradicated (p&lt;0.0001). FVC % predicted was significantly higher in the PA eradicated group (p=0.006). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Eradication of PA can be undertaken with relatively high success rates and with almost three quarters remaining free from PA. Good lung function and a short latent time from growth to eradication are independently associated with eradication success. <h3>References</h3> Martínez-García M A et al. Chest 2007; 132:1565–1572. Loebinger MR et al. Eur Respir J 2009 34(4) 843–849. BTS guideline for non CF bronchiectaisis Thorax July 2010 65 (1).
EFFECT OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY ON WATER METABOLISM IN PSYCHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: M. D. ALTSCHULE, K. J. TILLOTSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

Changes in salt and water balance in patients given ECT are mediated by various mechanisms. Apparently increased secretion of 3-ketosteroids occurs in patients who show clinical benefit after shock; however, this is only a side reaction and is important only in pointing to the increased production of steroid hormones. That other effects of steroid hormones may be responsible for clinical improvement after shock therapy is suggested by available data. It is probable that the therapeutic effect of shock is reparative rather than destructive.
Risk of Malignant Disease and Biologic Response Modifiers
Authors: Vinod E. Nambudiri, Michael E. Bigby
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Commentary Biologic therapies representan increasinglycommontreatmentmodality for themanagementofsystemic immune-mediatedandinflammatory disease processes. Data fromEuropean andUS registries reported theuseofbiologic responsemodifiers (BRMs) in25%to56% ofpatientswithrheumatoidarthritis (RA).1Recently,concernhasbeen raised regarding the possible increased risk ofmalignant disease associatedwiththeuseofBRMs,particularly lymphomasandnonmelanomaskincancersgiven theirmechanismsofaction.AsnotedbyLopez-Olivo et al, multiple observational studies and meta-analyses focusedonsingleBRMsora subsetof treatmentshaveprovided limRisk ofMalignancies in PatientsWith Rheumatoid Arthritis TreatedWith Biologic Therapy: AMeta-analysis Lopez-Olivo MA, Tayar JH, Martinez-Lopez JA, et al.
Cyclosporin A in severe, therapy-resistant atopic dermatitis: report of an international workshop, April 1993
Authors: R.D.R. CAMP, S. REITAMO, P.S. FRIEDMANN, V. HO, F. HEULE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Data on the use of oral cyclosporin A (CyA; Sandimmun®) therapy for severe adult atopic dermatitis have accumulated since 1987. Details of over 200 adult patients who have received short‐term CyA were presented at an international workshop in April 1993. Eighty‐six of these patients had participated in three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies in which CyA was given for 6–8 weeks. The efficacy and safety of short‐term CyA treatment in atopic dermatitis is established, provided that appropriate guidelines are observed. Evidence to date suggests that atopic dermatitis patients are no more prone to toxicity than patients with psoriasis, in whom more detailed and longer‐term data are available. Early data also suggest that long‐term CyA may be effective in atopic dermatitis, but there is concern regarding long‐term safety, as experience is still limited. Careful monitoring of all CyA‐treated patients is therefore mandatory. CyA should only be used under the direct and regular supervision of a hospital‐based dermatologist who is knowledgeable in the use of cyclosporin A, and experienced in the management of severe skin disease and in the use of potentially toxic drugs.
Vector Targeting Makes 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy Less Toxic and More Effective in Animal Models of Epithelial Neoplasms
Authors: Hakan Akbulut, Yucheng Tang, Jonathan Maynard, Lixin Zhang, Giuseppe Pizzorno, Albert Deisseroth
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been combined in the past with other drugs for the combination chemotherapy for cancers of the breast, ovary, and colon. These drug regimens were limited by the fact that 5-FU fails to kill nondividing cancer cells at the doses that are safe to deliver. The goal of the present study is to test the feasibility of replacing 5-FU in established 5-FU combination chemotherapy with the Ad-LpCDIRESE1A/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) system for the purpose of reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy. Experimental Design: We have replaced 5-FU in the weekly combination of CPT-11, folinic acid (FA) and 5-FU chemotherapy by 5-FC and an adenoviral vector that carries the L-plastin (Lp) tumor-specific promoter-driven transcription unit encoding the cytosine deaminase gene linked to the E1A gene by an internal ribosomal entry site element. This combination is called “genetic combination therapy.” The goal of using the vector was to decrease the toxicity to normal tissue and to increase the efficacy of therapy in the cancer cells by increasing the concentration of 5-FU sufficiently high that even nondividing cancer cells would be killed by 5-FU through its incorporation into mRNA and consequent inhibition of synthesis of functional proteins. We compared the in vivo efficacy of the genetic combination therapy with the conventional combination chemotherapy in a mouse colon cancer model. Results: Both replication-competent and -noncompetent adenoviral vectors carrying an L-plastin–driven cytosine deaminase transcription unit when combined with 5-FC, CPT-11, and FA showed increased in vitro therapeutic activity that was significantly higher than that of the conventional chemotherapy combination. Tumor-bearing mice treated with the genetic combination therapy showed a statistically significant advantage in terms of increased response rate, response duration, survival, and reduced toxicity when compared with tumor-bearing mice treated with the conventional combination chemotherapy. Conclusions: Replacement of 5-FU in 5-FU–based combination chemotherapy with the Ad-LpCDIRESE1A vector and 5-FU reduces toxicity and increases efficacy. This is a concept that could be potentially applied widely for many forms of cancer treatment.
Reply to V. Procházka et al
Authors: Marinus H.J. van Oers, Joop H. Jansen, Bert A. van der Reijden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

In their letter, Procha ´zka et al 1 raise several issues as to the validity of our conclusion that in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, the presence of tumor cells in blood or bone marrow-as detected by BCL2/IgH major break point region polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at the end of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone induction therapy-is not predictive of progression-free survival (PFS). 2 First, they suggest that we should have analyzed separately patients with clinical complete (CR) and partial remission (PR).We agree that this would have been a relevant subgroup analysis.Unfortunately, the four subgroups (PCRpositive CR, PCR-negative CR, PCR-positive PR, and PCR-negative PR) were too small to allow for a meaningful statistical comparison.However, as mentioned in our report, there was no difference between patients in clinical CR or PR with regard to the proportion of bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood PCR negativity at the end of induction treatment (50% v 55%).This is clearly indicative of the compartmentalization effect and at least partly explains the lack of prognostic value of PCR status post induction treatment.Second, the authors state that our finding that PFS was not different between patients who converted to PCR negativity and those who did not is in contrast with previous publications by others.We agree and consider this to be an important message of our report.Procha ´zka et al 1 mention two observations in our article that they consider to be supportive of the predictive value of PCR status.Their first consideration is based on our finding that there was highly significant improved PFS by rituximab maintenance in patients with postinduction PCR-negative BM, whereas the improvement was not significant in patients with PCR-positive BM (Figs 4A, 4B 2 ).In fact, there was a clear difference in the PCR-positive BM group, but this did not reach statistical significance because of limited numbers.However, highly significant improvement in PFS by rituximab maintenance was observed in both patients with postinduction PCR-negative blood and those with postinduction PCR-positive blood (Figs 4C, 4D 2 ).These observations do not change our conclusion that benefit from rituximab maintenance is independent of postinduction PCR status.Second, they mention our observation that patients who were still PCR positive at the end of maintenance treatment progressed rapidly after stopping maintenance therapy.In our opinion, this observation is not indicative of the predictive value of postinduction PCR status, but it is a strong argument for prolonging maintenance treatment.