tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human γ-interferon in patients with chronic active hepatitis B: Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and biological effects
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Marie-Anne Loriot, Nathalie Boyer, Michéle Martinot-Peignoux, Claude Degott, Françoise Degos, Maud Brandely, Bernard Lenfant, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Pharmacokinetics, tolerance and biological effects of human recombinant gamma-interferon were studied in 12 patients with chronic active hepatitis B. Serum concentrations of gamma-interferon were measured by radioimmunoassay in four patients after a subcutaneous injection of 10 million U (0.5 mg); the peak serum concentration of gamma-interferon (29 +/- 7 U/ml) was reached after 5 to 8 hr and gamma-interferon remained detectable for 24 to 36 hr. Twelve patients received recombinant gamma-interferon, 2.5 to 10 million U daily, for 4 mo. All suffered from a dose-dependent, flulike syndrome similar to that induced by alpha-interferon. Recombinant gamma-interferon induced a marked increase of serum ALT and a significant decrease of serum hepatitis B virus-DNA. Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA disappeared in one patient during administration of recombinant gamma-interferon. Serum hepatitis B virus-DNA disappeared in four additional patients, and HBeAg disappeared in two patients during the 12 mo after administration of recombinant gamma-interferon. These results indicate that subcutaneous injection is suitable for administration of recombinant gamma-interferon and that recombinant gamma-interferon has an antiviral effect in patients with chronic active hepatitis B.
Presumed consent: a distraction in the quest for increasing rates of organ donation
Authors: J. Fabre, P. Murphy, R. Matesanz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Spain has the highest rate of organ donation in the world and is often cited as a successful example of presumed consent legislation. However, the country does not have an opt-out register, nor is public awareness of the 1979 legislation promoted. <b>John Fabre</b>, <b>Paul Murphy</b>, and <b>Rafael Matesanz</b>&nbsp;argue that the presumed consent legislation is dormant, and that Spain in fact demonstrates it is possible to have the highest rates of organ donation without recourse to presumed consent
Leylo and the Land Mine
Authors: Beth Lown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Ad Libitum7 July 2009Leylo and the Land MineBeth Lown, MDBeth Lown, MDFrom Mount Auburn Hospital; Cambridge, MA 02138Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-1-200907070-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An ebony leg leanedagainst the clinic wall,snow meltingon its sandal-clad foot.The rest of her saton the exam table,a thin, dark,discontinuous girl.Metal fragmentsstudded her x-rays,shining likea brilliant galaxy.Above the veilher eyes scanned mine,as I wondered howto understand that momentwhen hope explodedand her toes bloomedlike bloody flowersin the trees of her distantSomalian village.Beth Lown, MDMount Auburn HospitalCambridge, MA 02138 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mount Auburn Hospital; Cambridge, MA 02138Current Author Address: Beth Lown, MD, Mount Auburn Hospital, 300 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 July 2009Volume 151, Issue 1Page: 62 ePublished: 7 July 2009 Issue Published: 7 July 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hormonal Levels in Fox-Fordyce disease
Authors: T. W. TURNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

It is now 70 years since this condition was first described (Fox & Fordyce, 1902). Hormonal factors have been implicated in the aetiology (Shelley & Levy, 1956; Montes et al., 1961) and when a case of the disorder was seen recently the opportunity was taken to investigate the endocrine background by means of recent techniques (Mayes & Nugent, 1968; Norymberski, 1952; Horning et al., 1963; Kirschner & Lipsett, 1963; Cox, 1959).
Jeffrey Sachs, PhD
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Finding an Obesity Gene — A Tale of Mice and Man
Authors: K Lindpaintner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The term “complex disease” has been coined for conditions that arise from multifaceted interactions of environmental and heritable factors. It encompasses some of the most common disorders, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity. The heritability of these disorders deviates in important ways from that of classic, (mono)genetic diseases: no simple mendelian mode of transmission is apparent, and the severity of the disorders shows quantitative, unimodal variation rather than a dichotomous distribution. Complex traits are regarded as polygenic and multifactorial, with the phenotype representing the net effect of all contributing genes and environmental factors. These characteristics render the hunt . . .
A METHOD OF NASAL PLASTIC REPAIR BY CARTILAGE GRAFT
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1925)

jRjf 9T 'a 8 exposed.A. fresh incision should then be made lower down (for example, over the popliteal vessels).Wounds in arteries are easily sewni up, and one should not liesitate to make multiple incisions if occasion deman-ids it.The Time Factor.The-e-ar]ly cases ale those which do Wvell, and this for very definite andl precise reasons.The lodgement of a clot sets up two things which will in a few hours militate against a sucecessful issue.These are: fir-st, endothelial changes
Asthma Exacerbations Associated With Inhaled Corticosteroid/Long-Acting Beta-Agonists or Other Inhaled Corticosteroid Regimens In Pediatrics: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: C. Hirst, J. Castellsague, B. Calingaert, R.H. Stanford
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Platelet Microparticles Promote Platelet Interaction With Subendothelial Matrix in a Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Michael Merten, Rajbabu Pakala, Perumal Thiagarajan, Claude R. Benedict
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Platelets, on activation, release vesicular particles called platelet microparticles. Despite their procoagulant activity, their functional role in platelet-vessel wall interactions is not known.We examined the binding of microparticles to vessel wall components in vitro and in vivo. Microparticles bound to fibrinogen-, fibronectin-, and collagen-coated surfaces. Compared with activated platelets, we observed minimal binding of microparticles to vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) inhibitors abciximab and eptifibatide (Integrilin) inhibited the binding to fibrinogen and fibronectin but had minimal effect on binding to collagen. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to GP Ib or anionic phospholipid-binding proteins (beta2-glycoprotein I or annexin V) had no effect in these interactions. Microparticles did not bind to monolayers of resting or stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), even in the presence of fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor. However, under similar conditions, microparticles bound to extracellular matrix produced by cultured HUVECs. Abciximab inhibited this interaction by approximately 50%. In a rabbit model of arterial endothelial injury, the infusion of 51Cr-labeled microparticles resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increase of microparticle adhesion to the injured site compared with the uninjured site (P<0.05%). Furthermore, activated platelets bound to surface-immobilized microparticles in a GP IIb/IIIa-dependent mechanism. This binding increased in the presence of fibrinogen by approximately 30%.Platelet microparticles bind to subendothelial matrix in vitro and in vivo and can act as a substrate for further platelet binding. This interaction may play a significant role in platelet adhesion to the site of endothelial injury.
The Cell of Breast Cancer Origin Affects Tumor Estrogen Receptor Status.
Authors: M. Toneff, Z. Du, Y. Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract It has been known for some time that breast cancer phenotype is dependent upon the initiating oncogene. However, it has only recently been demonstrated that breast cancer phenotype, including tumor histopathology, gene expression profile, and metastatic potential, may also depend upon the cellular subtype from which a tumor arises. Breast tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status is a common prognostic factor, and approximately 70% of all breast tumors are ER+; that is, they expresse ER in ≥5% of tumor cells. However, it remains unknown which factors determine breast cancer ER status. It is possible that the cell of tumor origin plays a role in determining the ER status of the resulting tumor. Our lab has developed a method to somatically introduce oncogenes into a developmentally normal mouse mammary gland with temporal control using the modified avian retrovirus RCAS. We have generated transgenic mice that express the RCAS receptor TVA under mammary cell selective markers and demonstrated our ability to infect individual cells and induce mammary tumors. In this study we used an RCAS vector encoding polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyMT) to infect transgenic adult MMTV-tva or WAP-tva mice. The MMTV LTR is though to be active in several different mammary cell types including luminal epithelial, progenitor, and stem cells. WAP is primarily active in more highly differentiated mammary epithelial cells. Tumors induced by RCAS-PyMT differ in histopathology between the two lines. Those arising in MMTV-tva mice have a predominately solid morphology, while those arising in WAP-tva mice display a predominately papillary morphology. Interestingly, we found that the majority of tumors arising in MMTV-tva mice are ER+ (61%), while tumors arising in WAP-tva mice are predominately ER- (95%). Our data suggest that tumors induced by the same oncogene from distinct cellular subtypes in the mouse mammary epithelium can significantly vary in histopathology, and that tumor ER status can be dependent upon the cell of tumor origin. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2163.
Remarks on the Use of the Cold Bath in Enteric Fever
Authors: A. Collie
Journal: BMJ (1879)

A STUDY of the papers of Professor Liebermeister and others, on the use of the cold bath in the treatment of enteric fever, led me to try it on the cases which came under my care in the Homerton Fever Hos- pital.I have given, personally, one hundred baths, some in severe, others in moderately severe, cases, taking as my guide not the temperature, but that plus the patient; for in this relation, as in others, patients vary much; the temperature with which one man may be highly de- lirious, another bears with comparative equanimity.In the adminis- tration of our baths, then, we had regard less to the temperature than to the age, the state of heart, restlessness, and sleeplessness, and chiefly to the last.If the patient had not slept for two or three days, even if the temperature fell short of I03°, he was wrapped in a flannel dressinggown, and placed in a bath of 70°Fahr., gradually reduced to 6o0 in from ten to fifteen minutes, at the end of which time he was removed to bed, wrapped in abblanket.In nearly all the cases, we thought it prudent to give some stimulant to the patient in the bath, from noting that its effect was to weaken the pulse, which fell but a few beats in frequency, and became thready, compressible, wavered, and sometimes almost disappeared.It required resolution to proceed with the bath in such circumstances-circumstances pointing to impending collapse, a result which occurred in two cases.
Review: In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure increases weight
Authors: Shirin Shafazand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Drager LF, Brunoni AR, Jenner R, et al. Effects of CPAP on body weight in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Thorax. 2014 Nov 28. [Epub ahead of print] 25432944
THE PERITONEAL EXUDATE LYMPHOCYTE
Authors: David L. Rosenstreich, J. Thomas Blake, Alan S. Rosenthal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with horse radish peroxidase, dinitrophenyl guinea pig albumin, or ferritin in complete Freund's adjuvant have been shown to be significantly more reactive than other lymphocytes in two in vitro assays of cellular immune function: production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. The enhanced reactivity of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes cannot be accounted for by artifacts introduced by column purification or by the presence of nonlymphoid accessory cells. These observations suggest that the peritoneal exudate lymphocyte pool is a highly enriched source of cellular immune effector cells with specificity directed towards those antigenic determinants to which an animal has been recently exposed.
China's tainted infant formula sickens nearly 13 000 babies
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2008)

DALDA (H-Tyr-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH<sub>2</sub>) and [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA (H-Dmt-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH<sub>2</sub>) (Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine) are potent and highly selective μ-opioid agonists (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub><sup>δ</sup>/<i>K</i><sub>i</sub><sup>μ</sup>&gt; 10,000 and<i>K</i><sub>i</sub><sup>κ</sup>/<i>K</i><sub>i</sub><sup>μ</sup>&gt; 100). Both peptides carry a 3+ charge at physiological pH. Their antinociceptive and respiratory effects were compared with morphine (MOR) after intrathecal administration in rats. Both DALDA and [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA produced dose-dependent and naloxone-reversible antinociceptive effects with relative potencies of 14 and 3000× that of MOR. The antinociceptive potency of [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA far exceeded its affinity and potency at the μ-opioid receptor and may be explained by its ability to inhibit norepinephrine (NE) uptake in spinal cord synaptosomes. The antinociceptive response to [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA was significantly attenuated by the α<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine. Thus, [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA may be regarded as a drug with dual actions, and its antinociceptive potency is better described by both its affinity and potency at μ-opioid receptors, and its potency at inhibiting NE uptake. The analgesic duration of an equipotent dose of MOR, DALDA, and [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA was 3, 7, and 13 h, respectively, and the long duration may be due to the hydrophilic nature of these peptide analogs. Respiratory effects were determined using whole body plethysmography at 3 and 30× the antinociceptive ED<sub>50</sub>. A significant depression in minute ventilation was observed with the higher dose of morphine and both doses of DALDA, but not with either dose of [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA. Because of its high antinociceptive potency, long duration of action, and low propensity to induce respiratory depression, [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA is of interest as a drug candidate for intrathecal analgesia.
Towards primary care groups Joining up care in London---establishing the North Southwark Primary Care Group
Authors: J L Campbell, S R Proctor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the second of four articles showing how primary care groups have been set up in various areas in Britain

The shadow board of the North Southwark Primary Care Group brings together representatives from primary healthcare professionals, local social services, and the public from some of the most deprived inner city communities in the United Kingdom.1

The inner London borough of Southwark extends from the River Thames in the north to affluent Dulwich in the south (box). Regeneration of rundown public housing estates has brought with it dramatic changes in the socioeconomic profile in the wards of Bermondsey and Rotherhithe, and the regeneration of Peckham will result in the movement of more than 1000 council tenants over a five year period. The borough is the second most deprived in Britain and is more deprived than its neighbours, Lambeth and Greenwich. The borough is recognised by the government as both a health and education action zone. In addition to the five key areas in the government's Health of the Nation targets, the Southwark Health Charter identified sickle cell disease and diabetes as key health issues for Southwark's population.1

#### Summary points

North Southwark Primary Care Group was established against a backdrop of substantial local deprivation

A supportive health authority facilitated the process

Collaborative working arrangements underpin the ethos of the governing board

Clinical governance is seen as an important opportunity, to be implemented by encouragement rather than coercion

Integrated care crossing boundaries is the goal

Since 1990 the south London umbrella group of general practitioners and the local health authority have encouraged and supported the development of locality groups representing the views of local general practitioners across south London. By 1997 four such groups existed in Southwark. In North Southwark, general practitioners were reluctant to embrace fundholding (of 25 local practices, …
Vav3 collaborates with p190-BCR-ABL in lymphoid progenitor leukemogenesis, proliferation, and survival
Authors: Kyung Hee Chang, Abel Sanchez-Aguilera, Shuhong Shen, Amitava Sengupta, Malav N. Madhu, Ashley M. Ficker, Susan K. Dunn, Ashley M. Kuenzi, Jorden L. Arnett, Rebecca A. Santho, Xabier Agirre, John P. Perentesis, Michael W. Deininger, Yi Zheng, Xose R. Bustelo, David A. Williams, Jose A. Cancelas
Journal: Blood (2012)
Textbook of Reproductive Medicine
Authors: Edwin M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>Textbook of Reproductive Medicine</i>, edited by Carr and Blackwell, comprises 35 chapters by 39 contributors in 645 pages, including a user-friendly index. The volume aims to update, summarize, and review for the practicing obstetrician-gynecologist the basic scientific and technologic advances relating to reproductive endocrinology and infertility that have accrued during the past 20 years. Each chapter reads like a comprehensive review article with extensive and timely bibliographic references. This is a main strong point of the book, as is the good balance achieved in presenting basic science and clinical material. The opening chapter reviews recent advances in gametogenesis, fertilization, and preimplantation development that have expanded the successes of in vitro fertilization. Other chapters in this opening section elucidate in great detail the endocrinologic, biochemical, and physiologic mechanisms and events contributing to pregnancy maintenance, integrity of the fetal-placental unit, and the parturitional process. The chapter "Genetics in Reproduction" details the principles
South Africa steps up fight against HIV and AIDS
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As of the end of 1993, 4.3% of the population in South Africa was infected with HIV. The proportion of infected individuals in the country grew to 7.6% by the end of 1994. Estimates based upon department of health statistics indicate that one million people may have been infected with HIV in South Africa by the end of 1994. In South Africa's most populous region, Guateng, which contains Johannesburg, Pretoria, the Witwatersrand, and Vaal Triangle, 6.4% of the population is estimated to be infected with HIV. KwaZulu-Natal is the worst-affected province with 14.4% of the population affected. An estimated 6.5% of teenagers are infected with HIV, 8.9% of 20-24 year olds, 9.6% of 25-29 year olds, and 6.4% of 30-34 year olds. The belief among some men that having sex with a virgin will rid them of HIV is cause for concern. Money has been set aside by South African health authorities for HIV/AIDS prevention and education campaigns, with almost two million condoms already imported for free distribution at clinics. A publicity campaign using celebrities is planned as well as propaganda films on state television and a possible play targeted to urban and rural youth.
Studies of Peripheral Circulation during Sickle-Cell Crisis
Authors: FELICE MANFREDI, ANGELO P. SPOTO, HERBERT A. SALTZMAN, HERBERT O. SIEKER
Journal: Circulation (1960)

In 18 Negro patients with sickle-cell anemia or sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease, gradients of oxygen and pH were measured between brachial artery and superficial and deep venous system of the upper extremity. The results obtained during crisis were compared with those obtained from asymptomatic patients. Arterial oxygen unsaturation, with normal arteriovenous gradients for oxygen and pH was observed in the 11 asymptomatic patients. Unusually low arteriovenous gradients for oxygen and pH, mainly due to abnormal venous values, were found when blood draining from cutaneous areas was compared with arterial samples in the 7 patients studied during acute crisis. The 5 patients restudied after symptoms subsided showed a return toward normal of arteriovenous differences. The evidence suggests that during crisis arterialization of venous blood is the result of anatomic or functional by passes in the superficial circulation, so that oxygen is not removed by the tissues. It is postulated that a vascular neurogenic mechanism may be the precipitating factor in sickle-cell crisis. It is also suggested that a low arteriovenous oxygen gradient or arterialization of superficial vein blood may be used as a laboratory aid in establishing the diagnosis of sickle-cell crisis in uncertain cases.
Lack of sleep in junior doctors
Authors: H P Watson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Drs Orton and Gruzelier argue that "laboratory evidence of the adverse effects of night duty may nevertheless underestimate their implications for the ward environment."For a variety of reasons relating to the specific nature of a doctor's workfor example, increased arousal resulting from interest, motivation, positive feedback, noise, opportunities for moving around-the contrary might equally be argued: that laboratory evidence may well overestimate the effects.We simply do not know.From our own experience of attempting to develop more appropriate tests we suggest that further research will require considerably more than simply selecting a few "off the peg" psycho- logical tests which have been developed for purposes other than those that concern us here.