tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II Evaluation of Pemetrexed in the Treatment of Recurrent or Persistent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian or Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma: A Study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group
Authors: David S. Miller, John A. Blessing, Carolyn N. Krasner, Robert S. Mannel, Parviz Hanjani, Michael L. Pearl, Steven E. Waggoner, Cecelia H. Boardman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To estimate the antitumor activity of pemetrexed in patients with persistent or recurrent platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer and to determine the nature and degree of toxicities.A phase II trial was conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Patients must have had cancer that had progressed on platinum-based primary chemotherapy or recurred within 6 months. Pemetrexed at a dose of 900 mg/m(2) was to be administered as an intravenous infusion over 10 minutes every 21 days. Dose delay and adjustment was permitted for toxicity. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable adverse effects.From July 6, 2004, to August 23, 2006, 51 patients were entered. A total of 259 cycles (median, four; range one to 19 cycles) of pemetrexed were administered, with 40% of patients receiving six or more cycles. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. More serious toxicities (grade 3 and 4) included neutropenia in 42%, leukopenia in 25%, anemia in 15%, and constitutional in 15% of patients. No treatment-related deaths were reported. One patient (2%) had a complete and nine patients (19%) had partial responses, with a median duration response of 8.4 months. Seventeen patients (35%) had stable disease for a median of 4.1 months. Eighteen patients (38%) had increasing disease. Three patients (6%) were not assessable. Median progression-free survival was 2.9 months, and overall survival was 11.4 months.Pemetrexed has sufficient activity in the treatment of recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer at the dose and schedule tested to warrant further investigation.
Activation of nuclear factor kappa B and cytokine imbalance in experimental alcoholic liver disease in the rat
Authors: Amin A. Nanji, Kalle Jokelainen, Amir Rahemtulla, Lili Miao, Franz Fogt, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Steven R. Tahan, Grace L. Su
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Inflammatory stimuli and lipid peroxidation activate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulate proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The present study evaluated the relationship between pathological liver injury, endotoxemia, lipid peroxidation, and NF-κB activation and imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Rats (5 per group) were fed ethanol and a diet containing saturated fat, palm oil, corn oil, or fish oil by intragastric infusion. Dextrose isocalorically replaced ethanol in control rats. Pathological analysis was performed and measurements of endotoxin were taken, lipid peroxidation, NF-κB, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], interleukin-1 β [IL-1β], interferon-γ, [IFN-γ], and IL-12), C-C chemokines (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES], monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α), C-X-C chemokines (cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), MIP-2, IP-10, and epithelial neutrophil activating protein [ENA]-78), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13). Activation of NF-κB and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines C-C and C-X-C chemokines was seen in the rats exhibiting necroinflammatory injury (fish oil-ethanol [FE] and corn oil-ethanol[CE]). These groups also had the highest levels of endotoxin and lipid peroxidation. Levels of IL-10 and IL-4 mRNA were lower in the group exhibiting inflammatory liver injury. Thus, activation of NF-κB occurs in the presence of proinflammatory stimuli and results in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The Kupffer cell is probably the major cell type showing activation of NF-κB although the contribution of endothelial cells and hepatocytes cannot be excluded. Downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines may additionally exacerbate liver injury.
Medicine and Science in the 1860's
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Even the layman, today, realizes what great changes the 1960's have brought about in medicine—new insights into the processes of nature, new diagnostic tools, new therapeutic agents, new surgical approaches, new social concerns. But most readers do not realize that a century ago medicine was undergoing changes quite as profound. A recent symposium devoted to medicine and science in the 1860's makes this transformation extremely vivid and brings before us a fascinating sweep of history. In this new volume, well edited by Dr. Poynter, we can perceive the medical concepts and activities of an earlier era, and their changes under the impact of new ideas and new discoveries. He can glimpse as well the ways in which medicine failed to change—some of the stubborn and parochial attitudes that have not disappeared in the century of progress. Charles Darwin had published his<i>Origin of Species</i>in 1859, and his doctrines were
The treatment paradox
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In my shabby and stained white coat, I twirled my thick gelled fringe. He sat in a crisp, double breasted, pin striped suit, nursing a leather FiloFax and flipping through the glossy charts showing pension growth. I nodded confidently to cover my bewilderment at his sales pitch. Twenty minutes later he crushed my hand and left, with my signature on a monthly investment. Five years later I scratched my now shaven head in bewilderment at the evaluation quote of £67. I complained about mis-selling to the financial ombudsman and vowed never to be …
THE INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE WASSERMANN TEST
Authors: CHARLES F. CRAIG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The complement-fixation reaction for the diagnosis of syphilis, discovered by Wassermann, Neisser and Bruck, and coincidently by Detre, is, aside from the demonstration of<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>, now generally accepted as the most valuable aid we have in the diagnosis of the disease and in the control of treatment. I have been impressed, however, with the evident misconceptions of many practitioners regarding the nature of the reaction, the percentage of positive results that may be expected in the various stages of syphilis and the exact significance of a positive or negative result. Many patients have been told on the strength of a single negative reaction that they were free from syphilis, while the diagnosis of syphilis has repeatedly been made on the presence of a plus-minus or plus reaction in the absence of a history of infection and of any symptom of the disease. Such interpretations of the reaction are entirely unwarranted
Permanent Acupuncture Needles
Authors: Harry Lee
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently we have seen three patients with interesting and unusual findings on their roentgenograms. Films showed multiple irregular, short, wire-like metallic densities 3 to 15 mm in length scattered throughout the soft tissues secondary to Japanese-style acupuncture. When seen over joint areas the diagnosis is apparent. When these metallic needle fragments are in the soft tissues of the back and seen on pelvic or kidneys, ureters, bladder films, they could be confused with migrated metallic sutures. Our current case is an elderly patient who concealed seeing a Japanese-style acupuncturist until after films demonstrated the needle fragments. She gave a history of hypertensive stroke one year ago followed by right-sided weakness and pain in the right shoulder and thigh. She entered the hospital in November 1977 with fractures of the right pubic bone and rami after a fall. In addition to the fractures, the roentgenograms showed multiple acupuncture
Taurocholate pool size and distribution in the fetal rat.
Authors: J M Little, J E Richey, D H Van Thiel, R Lester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Taurocholate concentrations in fetal and neonatal rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. Total body taurocholate pool size varied from 0.0049 +/- 0.0008 to 203 +/- 8 nmol/g body weight from day 5 of gestation to 5 d after birth. A 50-fold increase in taurocholate pool size was observed between days 15 and 19 of gestation. The distribution of taurocholate between liver, intestine, and the remainder of the carcass was determined for rats of gestational age 19 d to 5 d after birth. The major fraction of total body taurocholate was in the liver and intestine, with less than 15% in the remainder of the carcass. The ratio of taurocholate in intestine to taurocholate in liver, which was 1:17 at 19 d of gestation, had altered substantially to a ratio of 6:1 by 5 d after birth. Treatment of pregnant rats with 60 microgram/d of dexamethasone from gestational day 9 until sacrifice increased fetal taurocholate pool size by 80% at 15 d, 40% at 19 d, and 16% at 1 d after birth. Administration of dexamethasone to the mother also changed the ratio of taurocholate in intestine to taurocholate in liver. At 19 d of gestation, dexamethasone-treated mothers had fetuses with approximately equal amounts of taurocholate in intestine and liver. This suggested that adrenocorticosteroids stimulate the early maturation of factors controlling taurocholate pool size and tissue distribution in the rat fetus.
Scintigraphic Distribution of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in AIDS Treated with Prophylactic Inhaled Pentamidine
Authors: RICHARD H. TUPLER, ELLIOTT H. TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Several recent case reports describe radiographic findings of recurrent Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia, a major identifiable cause of mortality in patients with AIDS, distributed in the upper lobes of the lungs in those patients receiving pentamidine by means of inhalation. As aerosolized pentamidine is increasingly being used for prophylaxis of recurrent P. carinii pneumonia, this altered distribution may become a more typical scintigraphic finding. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the corresponding altered scintigraphic findings using Ga-67 citrate.
Immune deposits at the dermoepidermal junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P A Brougham, P E McGill, J Tulloch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Treatment with prednisolone 80 mg indomethacin 100 mg per day was begun weeks the patient had defervesced.diminished in size and synovitis resolved.A of treatment the patient was asymptomatic.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 and its agonists mediate hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization
Authors: Shuxian Jiang, Meritxell Alberich-Jorda, Radoslaw Zagozdzon, Kalindi Parmar, Yigong Fu, Peter Mauch, Naheed Banu, Alexandros Makriyannis, Daniel G. Tenen, Shalom Avraham, Jerome E. Groopman, Hava Karsenty Avraham
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Relationship of Previous Training and Experience of Journal Peer Reviewers to Subsequent Review Quality
Authors: Michael L Callaham, John Tercier
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Peer review is considered crucial to the selection and publication of quality science, but very little is known about the previous experiences and training that might identify high-quality peer reviewers. The reviewer selection processes of most journals, and thus the qualifications of their reviewers, are ill defined. More objective selection of peer reviewers might improve the journal peer review process and thus the quality of published science.
Discrepant Imaging of Nodular Hyperplasia with Pertechnetate and Radioiodine
Authors: EUISHIN KIM, BHARATH KUMAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A palpable nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid in a patient was found to be "cold" on a pertechnetate image with normal 131I concentration on a repeat study. At surgery, there was no evidence of neoplasm or thyroiditis. The pathological diagnosis was nodular hyperplasia. Previous reports of inconsistent images with pertechnetate and radioiodine are briefly reviewed and it is suggested that the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is a change in the rate of trapping and organification in the thyroid.
The Perception-Action Model of empathy and psychopathic “cold-heartedness”
Authors: Linda Mealey, Stuart Kinner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The Perception-Action Model of empathy (PAM) is both sufficiently broad and sufficiently detailed to be able to describe and accommodate a wide range of phenomena – including the apparent “cold-heartedness” or lack of empathy of psychopaths. We show how the physiological, cognitive, and emotional elements of the PAM map onto known and hypothesized attributes of the psychopathic personality.
Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism: Potential silencer motif and impact on progression in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Tracy E. Hunley, Bruce A. Julian, John A. Phillips, Marshal L. Summar, Hiroaki Yoshida, Robert G. Horn, Nancy J. Brown, Agnes Fogo, Iekuni Ichikawa, Valentina Kon
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Behavioral Treatment for Weight Gain Prevention Among Black Women in Primary Care Practice
Authors: Gary G. Bennett, Perry Foley, Erica Levine, Jessica Whiteley, Sandy Askew, Dori M. Steinberg, Bryan Batch, Mary L. Greaney, Heather Miranda, Thomas H. Wroth, Marni Gwyther Holder, Karen M. Emmons, Elaine Puleo
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Few weight loss treatments produce clinically meaningful weight loss outcomes among black women, particularly in the primary care setting. New weight management strategies are necessary for this population. Weight gain prevention might be an effective treatment option, with particular benefits for overweight and class 1 obese black women.To compare changes in weight and cardiometabolic risk during a 12-month period among black women randomized to a primary care-based behavioral weight gain prevention intervention, relative to usual care.Two-arm randomized clinical trial (the Shape Program). We recruited patients from a 6-site community health center system. We randomized 194 overweight and class 1 obese (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared], 25-34.9) premenopausal black women aged 25 to 44 years. Enrollment began on December 7, 2009; 12- and 18-month assessments were completed in February and October 2, 2012.The medium-intensity intervention included tailored behavior change goals, weekly self-monitoring via interactive voice response, monthly counseling calls, tailored skills training materials, and a gym membership.Twelve-month change in weight and body mass index and maintenance of change at 18 months.Participants had a mean age of 35.4 years, a mean weight of 81.1 kg, and a mean body mass index of 30.2 at baseline. Most were socioeconomically disadvantaged (79.7% with educational level less than a college degree; 74.3% reporting annual income <$30,000). The 12-month weight change was larger among intervention participants (mean [SD], -1.0 [0.5] kg), relative to usual care (0.5 [0.5] kg; mean difference, -1.4 kg [95% CI, -2.8 to -0.1 kg]; P = .04). At month 12, 62% of intervention participants were at or below their baseline weights compared with 45% of usual-care participants (P = .03). By 18 months, intervention participants maintained significantly larger changes in weight (mean difference, -1.7 kg; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.2 kg).A medium-intensity primary care-based behavioral intervention demonstrated efficacy for weight gain prevention among socioeconomically disadvantaged black women. A "maintain, don't gain" approach might be a useful alternative treatment for reducing obesity-associated disease risk among some premenopausal black women.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00938535.
Sex and Mental Health on the Campus
Authors: Seymour L. Halleck
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There is general agreement that sexual attitudes and sexual practices in American society are undergoing radical changes. I propose to examine the extent of these changes and to describe their impact upon the mental health of university students. My approach while hopefully not moralistic will not be free of value judgments. Like most psychiatrists I consider mental health to be something more than mere adjustment to the needs of the community. Mental health is defined according to certain values, values such as psychological comfort, intimacy, compassion, social responsibility, and self-knowledge. Once the psychiatrist begins to ask if a given sexual behavior is good or bad for a person's mental health he is no longer in a position to avoid making ethical judgments. How much change has there been in sexual attitudes and behaviors among university students? Recent surveys suggest that there have been important changes in students' attitudes toward premarital
Phenobarbital modulates the type of cell death by rat hepatocytes during deprivation of serumin vitro
Authors: Chia Chiao, Yingchun Zhang, David G. Kaufman, William K. Kaufmann
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

An immortal line of chemically altered rat hepatocytes was used to study the effects of the liver tumor promoter, phenobarbital (PB), on hepatocyte growth and viability in vitro. When the serum concentration in medium was changed from 10% to 0.5%, cell proliferation decreased and hepatocytes died. Death of the hepatocytes occurred after 2 days in low-serum medium. PB appeared to control the type of cell death that occurred. In the absence of PB in low-serum medium, most dead cells had morphological changes that are characteristic of necrosis as determined by both light and electron microscopy. In the presence of PB, the dead cells had alterations typical of apoptosis. Biochemical features of cell death in low-serum medium were also analyzed. DNA isolated from cells in low serum with PB showed nucleosome-length fragments after gel electrophoresis, whereas DNA from cells in low serum without PB appeared as randomly degraded fragments. Although proliferation of hepatocytes in low-serum decreased by 75%, the appearance of apoptosis in the presence of PB was associated with increased expression of the c-myc gene. Based on these observations, we conclude that PB can modulate the type of cell death that occurs after serum deprivation in this line of immortal rat hepatocytes. PB seemed to prevent necrotic cell death in low serum, and cells died through a gene-directed pathway of apoptosis.
Elimination of Progressive Mammary Cancer by Repeated Administrations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells
Authors: Anat Globerson-Levin, Tova Waks, Zelig Eshhar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Continuous oncogenic processes that generate cancer require an on-going treatment approach to eliminate the transformed cells, and prevent their further development. Here, we studied the ability of T cells expressing a chimeric antibody-based receptor (CAR) to offer a therapeutic benefit for breast cancer induced by erbB-2. We tested CAR-modified T cells (T-bodies) specific to erbB-2 for their antitumor potential in a mouse model overexpressing a human erbB-2 transgene that develops mammary tumors. Comparing the antitumor reactivity of CAR-modified T cells under various therapeutic settings, either prophylactic, prior to tumor development, or therapeutically. We found that repeated administration of CAR-modified T cells is required to eliminate spontaneously developing mammary cancer. Systemic, as well as intratumoral administered CAR-modified T cells accumulated at tumor sites and eventually eliminated the malignant cells. Interestingly, within a few weeks after a single CAR T cells' administration, and rejection of primary lesion, tumors usually relapsed both in treated mammary gland and at remote sites; however, repeated injections of CAR-modified T cells were able to control the secondary tumors. Since spontaneous tumors can arise repeatedly, especially in the case of syndromes characterized by specific susceptibility to cancer, multiple administrations of CAR-modified T cells can serve to control relapsing disease. Continuous oncogenic processes that generate cancer require an on-going treatment approach to eliminate the transformed cells, and prevent their further development. Here, we studied the ability of T cells expressing a chimeric antibody-based receptor (CAR) to offer a therapeutic benefit for breast cancer induced by erbB-2. We tested CAR-modified T cells (T-bodies) specific to erbB-2 for their antitumor potential in a mouse model overexpressing a human erbB-2 transgene that develops mammary tumors. Comparing the antitumor reactivity of CAR-modified T cells under various therapeutic settings, either prophylactic, prior to tumor development, or therapeutically. We found that repeated administration of CAR-modified T cells is required to eliminate spontaneously developing mammary cancer. Systemic, as well as intratumoral administered CAR-modified T cells accumulated at tumor sites and eventually eliminated the malignant cells. Interestingly, within a few weeks after a single CAR T cells' administration, and rejection of primary lesion, tumors usually relapsed both in treated mammary gland and at remote sites; however, repeated injections of CAR-modified T cells were able to control the secondary tumors. Since spontaneous tumors can arise repeatedly, especially in the case of syndromes characterized by specific susceptibility to cancer, multiple administrations of CAR-modified T cells can serve to control relapsing disease.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis with boceprevir leads to remission of porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: P. Aguilera, M. Laguno, J. To-Figueras
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: no external funding. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), the most common type of porphyria worldwide, is caused by a deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD), the fifth enzyme of the haem biosynthesis pathway. The disease usually manifests in the fourth or fifth decade of life with skin fragility and blisters on photoexposed areas due to hepatic overproduction of porphyrins.1 2 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic hepatitis are the main risk factors associated with PCT in several geographic areas. Other reported risk factors include haemochromatosis gene mutations, alcohol abuse and oestrogen therapy.3 Overt PCT is triggered by a decrease of UROD activity in the liver, which is strongly associated with iron. PCT risk factors, including HCV, apparently facilitate hepatic iron overload.1 HCV infection is one of the most important chronic viral infections worldwide and affects ~3% of the world population. Chronic infection is associated with increased risk of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and in predisposed individuals, PCT. Treatments to cure HCV infection were initiated in the mid 1980s with human interferon (IFN) but were hindered by high nonresponse rates and severe side‐effects.4 Moreover, patients with chronic hepatitis C and PCT rarely responded to IFN treatment and levels of urinary porphyrins and serum ferritin did not decrease in most cases.5