tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Military Medical 'Commuting' May Mean Flying 12 Hours to a Turnkey Hospital in Mid-Europe
Authors: Chris Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THEY DON'T CALL it an adventure. They call it "TDY"—temporary duty. In this case, the task was to simulate readying a contingency hospital to minister to battlefield casualties flown in by helicopter. Early in the fall, 204 Air Force medical personnel, primarily from Carswell Air Force Base, Fort Worth, Tex, descended on Zweibrücken Air Base, West Germany, having spent 12 hours refining their skills at cards, small talk, and sleep while huddled in a cold and cramped C-141 "Starlifter" cargo plane crossing above the Atlantic. <h3>Scrub Down Before Scrubbing In</h3> When they arrived, their first task was to meticulously scrub down the operating rooms and wards. The German hospital is a turnkey facility—meaning that all supplies are on hand—but the skeleton caretaking crew doesn't do windows. Or floors or walls, for that matter. In less than 48 hours, the seven physicians, two dentists, and dozens of nurses and corpsmen were
House‐dust‐mite allergen concentrations (Der f 1) and mold spores in apartment bedrooms before and after installation of insulated windows and central heating systems
Authors: T. Hirsch, M. Hering, K. Bürkner, D. Hirsch, W. Leupold, M.‐L. Kerkmann, E. Kuhlisch, L. Jatzwauk
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: It has been hypothesized that changes in heating systems and insulation of homes in developed countries have generated an indoor climate favorable to organisms that excrete allergens inducing sensitization and allergic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the installation of highly insulated windows and central heating systems on indoor climate, and mite‐allergen (Der f 1) and mold spore concentrations. Methods: The bedrooms of 98 apartments were examined before and 7 months (mean) after installation of insulated windows and central heating systems. The air‐exchange rate, temperature, and humidity were measured. In settled dust on carpets and mattresses, the number of colony‐forming mold spores and the Der f 1 concentration were determined. The inhabitants completed a questionnaire about their lifestyles and housing conditions. Results: The air‐exchange rate decreased from geometric mean 0.73 to 0.52 per hour ( P =0.029). Temperature (mean 13.4 vs 17.5°C, P &lt;0.001), and absolute humidity (mean 4.6 g vs 6.2 g H 2 O/kg air, P &lt;0.001) increased. Relative humidity remained nearly unchanged (mean 47.6 vs 49.1%). Der f 1 concentrations on carpets (geometric mean 0.65 vs 1.28 μg/g dust, P &lt;0.001) and mattresses (geometric mean 1.56 vs 2.40 μg/g, P =0.002) increased. Among the fungi that were analyzed, only the thermotolerant species Aspergillus fumigatus increased (geometric mean 20 vs 60 colony‐forming units/g carpet dust, P =0.02). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the installation of insulated windows and central heating systems is associated with an increase of Der f 1 concentrations in carpet and mattress dust and A. fumigatus in carpet dust in apartment bedrooms.
Adenovirus-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Expression Stimulates Apoptosis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Xiao-ming Liu, Gary B. Chapman, Hong Wang, William Durante
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Although HO-1 is induced in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the biological role of HO-1 in these cells has not been completely characterized. Methods and Results — In the present study, we overexpressed HO-1 in rat aortic SMCs by generating a recombinant defective adenovirus containing the rat HO-1 gene (AdHO-1) and examined the effect on SMC proliferation. Infection of SMCs with AdHO-1 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the expression of HO-1 mRNA, protein, and activity. Infection of SMCs with AdHO-1 inhibited serum-stimulated SMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the control adenovirus expressing the green fluorescent protein failed to induce HO-1 expression and had minimal effects on SMC growth. Infection with AdHO-1 stimulated SMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion, as demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, positive annexin V labeling, and caspase-3 activation. HO-1–mediated apoptosis was associated with a marked increase in the expression of the proapoptotic protein p53. Finally, the exogenous administration of biliverdin and bilirubin stimulated SMC apoptosis. In contrast, the administration of CO or iron failed to induce cell death. Conclusions — These results demonstrate that overexpression of HO-1 or the exogenous administration of biliverdin or bilirubin stimulates SMC apoptosis. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the HO-1 gene may provide a novel therapeutic approach in treating occlusive vascular disease.
Falls, chronic diseases, and drug use in elderly women: Authors' reply
Authors: D. A Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–We agree with Epstein that our study was unable to determine whether the participants had been appropriately prescribed cardiovascular drugs. This was not the aim of the study. He says that we may have underestimated the effect of cardiovascular drugs on the risk of falling because doctors may not prescribe these drugs to patients at greatest risk of falling, implying that our estimate of no effect on falls of cardiovascular drugs represents reduced …
Diet After Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Dawn M Markowski, Jennifer L Larsen, Maxine C McElligott, Georgia A Walter, Suzanne A Miller, Kecia Frisbie, Robert J Stratta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether discontinuation of insulin therapy and glucose monitoring and instructions to increase dietary salt and water intake after pancreas transplantation (PTX) resulted in changes in food choices. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All PTX recipients who had completed a preoperative diet record, had received their PTX &amp;gt; 6 months before, had stable pancreas and kidney function, and were on a stable diet were invited to submit a 3-day post-PTX diet record. Of the 14 eligible, 11 agreed to participate and completed the study (2 women and 9 men). Their pre- and post-PTX diet records were analyzed by computer program. Weight, glycohemoglobin, blood pressure, medications, and fasting lipids both before and after PTX were also analyzed. RESULTS The recipients were studied 576 ± 60 days post-PTX, on average. Total calories and BMI were unchanged after PTX. Before PTX, 34% of calories were in fats, 49% in carbohydrate, and 17% in protein with no change in distribution of calories after PTX, although there was a trend toward greater saturated fat intake. Total salt intake was increased after PTX (P &amp;lt; 0.01) because of sodium bicarbonate administration, although dietary salt intake did not change. The HDL cholesterol concentration increased and cholesterol-to-HDL ratio decreased after PTX (P &amp;lt; 0.05), while the remaining lipids were unchanged. CONCLUSION Weight, total calories and distribution of calories, and dietary salt were unchanged after PTX, and diet did not explain the changes in HDL cholesterol or cholesterol-to-HDL ratio. These preliminary diet results suggest that greater emphasis on dietary instruction may be needed after PTX.
Targeted Deletion of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Regulates Cardiac Dysfunction in Response to Pressure Overload
Authors: Jun Yoshioka, Kenichi Imahashi, Scott A. Gabel, William A. Chutkow, Aurora A. Burds, Joseph Gannon, P. Christian Schulze, Catherine MacGillivray, Robert E. London, Elizabeth Murphy, Richard T. Lee
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Biomechanical overload induces cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in both processes. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip) is encoded by a mechanically-regulated gene that controls cell growth and apoptosis in part through interaction with the endogenous dithiol antioxidant thioredoxin. Here we show that Txnip is a critical regulator of the cardiac response to pressure overload. We generated inducible cardiomyocyte-specific and systemic Txnip-null mice (Txnip-KO) using Flp/frt and Cre/loxP technologies. Compared with littermate controls, Txnip-KO hearts had attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and preserved left ventricular (LV) contractile reserve through 4 weeks of pressure overload; however, the beneficial effects were not sustained and Txnip deletion ultimately led to maladaptive LV remodeling at 8 weeks of pressure overload. Interestingly, these effects of Txnip deletion on cardiac performance were not accompanied by global changes in thioredoxin activity or ROS; instead, Txnip-KO hearts had a robust increase in myocardial glucose uptake. Thus, deletion of Txnip plays an unanticipated role in myocardial energy homeostasis rather than redox regulation. These results support the emerging concept that the function of Txnip is not as a simple thioredoxin inhibitor but as a metabolic control protein.
TCT-152 Is There a Therapeutic Window For Platelet Responsiveness Among PCI Patients? Analysis from the ADAPT-DES Study
Authors: Ajay J. Kirtane, Thomas Stuckey, Ke Xu, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giora Weisz, Michael J. Rinaldi, Franz-Josef Neumann, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Bruce R. Brodie, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Ecaterina Cristea, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reviews and Notes: Humanities: One Word
Authors: Henry Schneiderman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine1 September 1995Reviews and Notes: Humanities: One WordHenry Schneiderman, MDHenry Schneiderman, MDUniversity of Connecticut Health Center/Hebrew Home & Hospital West Hartford, CT 06117-1525.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00054 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail MJ Straus. 80 pages. Evanston, IL; Triquarterly Books: 1994. $11.95. ISBN 0-8101-5035-2. Order phone 800-621-2736.Do poems by an oncologist, mostly about interactions with cancer patients, deserve the much-put-upon time and attention of physician-readers?There is no shortage of talent here. The “Dr. Gold and Dr. Green” duet, for instance, brilliantly catches one off guard, and “Twelve Words” is as humbling as can be. The author's reflections on tragedies, suffering, and the woes of both physician and patient reverberate for clinicians. So does the author's ironical compassion and the tension between his humaneness and his sometimes conscious and necessary distancing. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Connecticut Health Center/Hebrew Home & Hospital West Hartford, CT 06117-1525. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 399-399KeywordsComputed axial tomographyFallsInterleukins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Socialization and Psychosomatic Disease: An Empirical Study of the Educational Style of Parents with Psychosomatic Children
Authors: Reinhard Liedtke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Starting from the assumption that psychosomatic diseases are distinct from neuroses and different kinds of socialization tend to predispose to the two disorders, the educational style of parents with psychosomatic children (n = 79, 30 bronchial asthma, 19 ulcerative colitis, 30 atopic dermatitis) and with neurotic children (n = 51) was studied. Children and parents were given questionnaires on parental educational attitudes, techniques and goals. Significant differences were found on various dimensions, which indicate for example closer mother-child ties as well as father-child ties in the psychosomatic families. The results from this study are consistent with the concept of a restrictive socialization in psychosomatic families.
Quality of Patient Care by Nurse Practitioners and Physician's Assistants: A Ten-Year Perspective
Authors: HAROLD C. SOX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A remarkable development in primary care is the recent emergence of a new class of health professionals: nurse practitioners and physician's assistants. These practitioners diagnose and treat a wide variety of medical problems, usually with supervision by physicians. Their clinical competence has been evaluated in over 40 studies. Twenty-one studies in which care given by nurse practitioners or physician's assistants was directly compared with that given by physicians are analyzed. These studies show that nurse practitioners and physician's assistants provide office-based care that is indistinguishable from physician care. Because these studies were limited in scope, there is no experimental basis for extending this conclusion to care given outside the office, care that is unsupervised, or care of the seriously ill patient.
Increasing Prevalence of Diabetes Among the Three Affiliated Tribes
Authors: James D Brosseau
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

The findings from a 1988 audit of medical records of the Three Affiliated Tribes (the Mandan, Arickara, and Hidatsa) at the Fort Berthold, ND, Indian Reservation were compared with the findings from a 1975 audit. The total population served by the IHS clinic there has remained about the same. However, the number of people diagnosed as having diabetes has increased by &amp;gt;40%. This increase in known cases is caused largely by an increase in the number of women aged &amp;gt;40 yr who have diabetes. The actual prevalence of diabetes among people aged &amp;gt;40 yr has increased very little, presumably because the clinic population has aged somewhat over this period of time.
Social and Economic Impact on Youth-Onset Diabetes in Japan
Authors: Masato Matsushima, Naoko Tajima, Toshihiko Agata, Junichi Yokoyama, Yoshio Ikeda, Yukihide Isogai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

To investigate the social and economic backgrounds of youth-onset insulin-treated diabetes mellitus in Japan.We conducted a case-control study on 35 diabetic patients with age at onset of 19.5 +/- 5.1 yr and duration of diabetes 14.9 +/- 6.7 yr. Sex- and age-matched (within 5 yr) siblings were selected as control subjects. Thirty-five matched pairs were asked to complete a questionnaire, including employment status and educational achievement.Overall, diabetic patients were more likely to encounter job refusal in their lives than sibling control subjects (20 vs. 0%), and most patients (6/7) who had an experience of job refusal told job interviewers about their diabetes. Although the full-time employment rate and unemployment rate did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects, income levels were lower among patients than in the sibling (1600 vs. 2500 thousand yen). A multivariate analysis indicated that patients had lower incomes than control subjects after adjusting for the effect of physical disability. Educational achievements in the patients were similar to those in the siblings.These results suggested that diabetic patients had several social and economic problems in Japan. Further studies in more subjects are required to grasp the social and economic impact on diabetes precisely, and minimize the social handicaps on diabetic patients.
High-Efficiency Transfection of Primary Human and Mouse T Lymphocytes Using RNA Electroporation
Authors: Yangbing Zhao, Zhili Zheng, Cyrille J. Cohen, Luca Gattinoni, Douglas C. Palmer, Nicholas P. Restifo, Steven A. Rosenberg, Richard A. Morgan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The use of nonviral gene transfer methods in primary lymphocytes has been hampered by low gene transfer efficiency and high transfection-related toxicity. In this report, high gene transfection efficiency with low transfection-related toxicity was achieved by electroporation using in vitro-transcribed mRNA. Using these methods, >90% transgene expression with >80% viable cells was observed in stimulated primary human and murine T lymphocytes transfected with GFP or mCD62L. Electroporation of unstimulated human PBMCs or murine splenocytes with GFP RNA yielded 95 and 56% GFP+ cells, respectively. Electroporation of mRNA for NY-ESO-1, MART-1, and p53 antigen-specific TCRs into human T lymphocytes redirected these lymphocytes to recognize melanoma cell lines in an MHC-restricted manner. The onset of gene expression was rapid (within 30 min) and durable (up to 7 days postelectroporation) using both GFP and TCR-mediated recognition of target cells. There was no adverse effect observed on the T lymphocytes subjected to RNA electroporation evaluated by cell growth rate, annexin-V staining of apoptotic cells, BrdU incorporation, tumor antigen-specific recognition or antigen-specific TCR affinity. The results of this study indicate that mRNA electroporation provides a powerful tool to introduce genes into both human and murine primary T lymphocytes.
Source and characterization of hepatic macrophages in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in humans
Authors: Charalambos Gustav Antoniades, Alberto Quaglia, Leonie S. Taams, Ragai R. Mitry, Munther Hussain, Robin Abeles, Lucia A. Possamai, Matthew Bruce, Mark McPhail, Christopher Starling, Bart Wagner, Adrian Barnardo, Sabine Pomplun, Georg Auzinger, William Bernal, Nigel Heaton, Diego Vergani, Mark R. Thursz, Julia Wendon
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is associated with innate immunity activation, which contributes to the severity of hepatic injury and clinical outcome. A marked increase in hepatic macrophages (h-mφ) is observed in experimental models of AALF, but controversy exists regarding their role, implicating h-mφ in both aggravation and resolution of liver injury. The role of h-mφ in human AALF is virtually unexplored. We sought to investigate the role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in the recruitment of circulating monocytes to the inflamed liver and to determine how the h-mφ infiltrate and liver microenvironment may contribute to tissue repair versus inflammation in AALF. We evaluated circulating monocytes, their chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) expression, and serum CCL2 levels in patients with AALF. Cell subsets and numbers of circulation-derived (MAC387+) or resident proliferating (CD68/Ki67+) h-mφ in hepatic immune infiltrates were determined by immunohistochemistry. Inflammatory cytokine levels were determined in whole and laser microdissected liver tissue by proteome array. In AALF, circulating monocytes were depleted, with the lowest levels observed in patients with adverse outcomes. CCL2 levels were high in AALF serum and hepatic tissue, and circulating monocyte subsets expressed CCR2, suggesting CCL2-dependent hepatic monocyte recruitment. Significant numbers of both MAC387+ and CD68+ h-mφ were found in AALF compared with control liver tissue with a high proportion expressing the proliferation marker Ki67. Levels of CCL2, CCL3, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly elevated in AALF liver tissue relative to chronic liver disease controls. Conclusion : In AALF, the h-mφ population is expanded in areas of necrosis, both through proliferation of resident cells and CCL2-dependent recruitment of circulating monocytes. The presence of h-mφ within an anti-inflammatory/regenerative microenvironment indicates that they are implicated in resolution of inflammation/tissue repair processes during AALF. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Structure of the freeze-fractured sarcolemma in the normal and anoxic rabbit myocardium.
Authors: J S Frank, S Beydler, M Kreman, E E Rau
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructure of the sarcolemma in the normal and severely anoxic rabbit heart with the technique of freeze-fracture. Severe anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation cause a significant decrease (31%) in intramembranous particles (IMP) in the P face of the membrane and a 25% decrease in the E face. P face IMP's are severely aggregated. The decrease in density and the redistribution of IMP's indicate a severely altered lipoprotein structure of the sarcolemma. In addition, the necks of caveolae open and the caveolae become flattened in the plane of the membrane. With reoxygenation, many rupture. Spherical projections of cytoplasmic vesicles appear in the membrane (possibly of sarcoplasmic reticulum or lysosomal origin) and also can be seen to rupture after reoxygenation. When glucose is present in the perfusate, it affords some protection against these structural defects. We propose that the fragmentation or holes in the sarcolemma reported in severe anoxia are directly related to the structural changes reported in this study.
Activation of liver X receptor increases acetaminophen clearance and prevents its toxicity in mice
Authors: Simrat P.S. Saini, Bin Zhang, Yongdong Niu, Mengxi Jiang, Jie Gao, Yonggong Zhai, Jung Hoon Lee, Hirdesh Uppal, Hui Tian, Michael A. Tortorici, Samuel M. Poloyac, Wenxin Qin, Raman Venkataramanan, Wen Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), the active ingredient of Tylenol, is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in the United States. As such, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent or manage APAP toxicity. In this report, we reveal a novel function of the liver X receptor (LXR) in preventing APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Activation of LXR in transgenic (Tg) mice or by an LXR agonist conferred resistance to the hepatotoxicity of APAP, whereas the effect of LXR agonist on APAP toxicity was abolished in LXR-deficient mice. The increased APAP resistance in LXR Tg mice was associated with increased APAP clearance, increased APAP sulfation, and decreased formation of toxic APAP metabolites. The hepatoprotective effect of LXR may have resulted from the induction of antitoxic phase II conjugating enzymes, such as Gst and Sult2a1, as well as the suppression of protoxic phase I P450 enzymes, such as Cyp3a11 and Cyp2e1. Promoter analysis suggested the mouse Gst isoforms as novel transcriptional targets of LXR. The suppression of Cyp3a11 may be accounted for by the inhibitory effect of LXR on the PXR-responsive transactivation of Cyp3a11 . The protective effect of LXR in preventing APAP toxicity is opposite to the sensitizing effect of pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and retinoid X receptor alpha. Conclusion: We conclude that LXR represents a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of Tylenol toxicity. (Hepatology 2011)
Treatment of Candida Sepsis and Cryptococcus Meningitis With 5-Fluorocytosine
Authors: Daniel Tassel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The two patients whom we treated for systemic fungus infections with 5-fluorocytosine, an antifungal agent effective in experimental animal infection with Candida and cryptococci, had a satisfactory clinical response in association with therapy. One patient with Candida sepsis received 5-fluorocytosine for 21 days in a dose ranging from 2 to 4 gm daily. The other patient, with cryptococcal meningitis recurring after amphotericin B treatment, received 5-fluorocytosine in a dose of 2.25 to 9 gm daily for 50 days. There was little evidence of drug toxicity. The new agent deserves controlled clinical evaluation in systemic fungus infections.