tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
cognitive heuristics and deontological rules
Authors: ilana ritov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

preferences for options that do not secure optimal outcomes, like the ones catalogued by sunstein, derive from two sources: cognitive heuristics and deontological rules. although rules may stem from automatic affective reactions, they are deliberately maintained. because strongly held convictions have important behavioral implications, it may be useful to regard cognitive heuristics and deontological rules as separate sources of nonconsequential judgment in the moral domain.
The Effect of Radioactive Iodine Treatment on 14C Urea Breath Test Results in Patients with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Ayse Arduc, Bercem Aycicek Dogan, Ufuk Ozuguz, Mazhar Muslim Tuna, Ferhat Gokay, Yasemin Ates Tutuncu, Serhat Isik, Yusuf Aydin, Irfan Peksoy, Dilek Berker, Serdar Guler
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Radioactive Iodine therapy (RAIT) plays a major role in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. In addition to the thyroid gland, significant amounts of radioactive iodine are maintained in the stomach. The aim of this study was to determine if RAIT has any effect on Helicobacter pylori infection, based on the C urea breath test (UBT).The study included 85 patients with hyperthyroidism scheduled to undergo RAIT and 69 hyperthyroid subjects in whom methimazole treatment was planned. All subjects had pretreatment-positive UBT results, and the test was repeated on the first and third months after RAIT and methimazole treatment.After a mean RAIT dose of 15 mCi (range, 10-20 mCi), UBT became negative in 13 (15.3%) of 85 patients on the first month and 18 (21.2%) of 85 patients on the third month. All subjects treated with methimazole remained UBT positive on the first and third months of methimazole treatment (100%). Reduction in the number of UBT-positive patients on both the first and the third months after RAIT was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Distribution of hyperthyroidism etiologies and thyroid autoantibody levels in subjects with UBT that became negative and in subjects with UBT that remained positive were similar in the RAIT group (P > 0.05). Urea breath test negativity rates did not differ according to the radioiodine dose.Our findings indirectly showed that RAIT might have an antimicrobial effect on H. pylori. Clinical applications of this beneficial effect of RAIT on H. pylori should be further evaluated.
Imaging of Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: DAVID D. STARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1983Imaging of Parathyroid AdenomasDAVID D. STARK, M.D., ALBERT A. MOSS, M.D.DAVID D. STARK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALBERT A. MOSS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-677_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Levy and associates (1) described their initial experience with digital subtraction angiography for the localization of parathyroid adenomas in seven patients who had not previously had neck surgery. Angiographic technique was used to place a catheter in the superior vena cava, and a mechanical pump was used to inject a bolus of contrast material. Nonetheless, the authors refer to their technique as simple and noninvasive. The tumors measured 2.1 cm in average, twice the average size of the usual parathyroid adenoma (2), yet the authors imply that they detected small parathyroid adenomas.The authors state that "a...References1. LEVYHESSELDIPPEMCFARLAND JSSJ. Digital subtraction angiography for localization of parathyroid lesions. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:710-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. READINGCHARBONEAUJAMES CJE. High resolution parathyroid sonography. Am J Roentgenol. 1982;139:539-46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DOPPMANBRENNANKOEHLERMARX JMJS. Computed tomography for parathyroid localization. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1977;1:30-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DOPPMAN J. CT localization of cervical parathyroid glands: it deserves a second look. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1982;6:519-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. OVENFORSSTARKMOSS CDA. Localization of parathyroid adenoma by computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1982;6:1094-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID D. STARK, M.D.; ALBERT A. MOSS, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Radiology University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeuroendocrine Tumors of the Mediastinum 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 677-678KeywordsAngiographyCathetersDigital imagingParathyroid tumorsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Collateral circulation after renal artery occlusion in the rat.
Authors: M B Siegel, N G Levinsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We used angiographic and microsphere methods to evaluate the anatomic and functional features of renal collateral circulation in the rat. By the microsphere method, renal parenchymal blood flow was less than 1% of control 1 hour after occlusion of the main renal artery; 2.8% of control 1-2 weeks after arterial occlusion; and 1% of control 4-9 weeks after occlusion. Radiographic observations during chronic occlusion revealed numerous collateral vessels to the kidney. These vessels readily filled with angiographic contrast medium but the intrarenal circulation did not visualize. We conclude that collateral circulation to renal parenchyma is negligible after acute or chronic occlusion of the main renal artery in the rat. The rich anatomic plexus of collateral vessels has no functional significance and is unable to preserve viability of the parenchyma.
Success, safety, and late electrophysiological outcome of low-energy direct-current ablation in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: R Lemery, M Talajic, D Roy, B Coutu, L Lavoie, E Lavallée, R Cartier
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Percutaneous ablation of accessory pathways with the use of a defibrillator can be accomplished with high-energy direct-current (DC) shocks of 150-400 J, but complications include cardiac tamponade and sudden cardiac death, mostly resulting from significant electrical arcing and barotrauma. A new low-energy DC power source with a brief time-constant capacitive discharge delivers shocks of 2-40 J and eliminates or greatly reduces arcing. This report describes our initial experience with this device in 60 consecutive patients (mean age, 34 years; range, 9-67 years) with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Accessory pathways were located in the left free wall in 36 patients, in the right free wall in two, were posteroseptal in 18, and anteroseptal in four. Most patients (77%) had their initial diagnostic electrophysiological study and catheter ablation during the same session. METHODS AND RESULTS Selective ablation of accessory pathways was successful in 55 patients (92%). The mean cumulative energy was 312 +/- 284 J and the mean creatine kinase MB peak (normal, 0-30 units) was 42 +/- 27 units. Patients with left free wall accessory pathways required less procedure time for ablation (2.7 +/- 0.8 versus 3.6 +/- 1.5 hours, p less than 0.0007) and less fluoroscopy time (46 +/- 24 versus 66 +/- 33 minutes, p less than 0.002). Complications were limited to transient pericarditis (three patients), one iliac artery dissection, and cardiac tamponade probably caused by catheter repositioning in the coronary sinus (one patient). An electrophysiological study was repeated in 50 of the 55 successful cases at a mean of 9 +/- 5 months. This study was normal in 48 of 50 (96%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Low-energy DC ablation is safe and effective treatment for accessory pathways in children and adults. The long-term outcome is excellent as documented by electrophysiological restudy.
Abstract 5464: Determination of total and encapsulated drug pharmacokinetics for CPX-351, a nanoscale liposomal fixed molar ratio of cytarabine-daunorubicin (Cyt:Daun)
Authors: Travis Ciofani, Troy Harasym, Michael C.Y. Juan, Lawrence Mayer, Donna Cabral-Lilly, Sherwin Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: CPX-351 is a liposomal formulation that delivers elevated concentrations of Cyt and Daun after administration in vivo and maintains the two drugs at a 5:1 molar ratio shown to be synergistic in preclinical studies. Pharmacokinetic analysis of CPX-351 in advanced leukemia patients demonstrated prolonged plasma exposure of the drugs with quantifiable concentrations of both agents being observed as long as 7 days after the final CPX-351 dose. Here we developed a method to separate liposome-bound from unencapsulated drugs, thereby allowing the pharmacokinetics of encapsulated agents to be determined in comparison to total plasma drug concentrations. Methods: CPX-351 was administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats via IV bolus injection. Plasma samples were harvested at five timepoints from 1 – 24 hours. Unencapsulated drug analysis was conducted by addition of internal standards (gemcitabine (Cyt) and doxorubicin (Daun)) to the plasma, followed by a 5-fold dilution in buffer and ultrafiltration using Microcon YM-30. Unencapsulated drug levels were determined by reversed-phase HPLC-MS (SIM, 244.2 m/z (Cyt) and 528.3 m/z (Daun)). Total analysis was conducted by protein precipitation and analysis was determined by reversed-phase HPLC-UV (Cyt) and reversed-phase HPLC-Fluorescence (Daun). Results: A separation method was developed to separate 0.22 – 4.33% unencapsulated Cyt and 0.13 – 2.50% unencapsulated Daun from liposome in plasma matrix. Encapsulated drug was calculated by subtracting the amount of unencapsulated analyte from the corresponding amount of total analyte. The total drug curves and the calculated encapsulated drug curves from 1 – 24 hours were superimposable for Cyt and Daun. A maximum of 1.9% unencapsulated Cyt and 0.4% unencapsulated Daun was measured in the plasma at any time point. Conclusions: Unencapsulated drug levels in rat plasma are insignificant compared to the total drug levels such that levels of total and encapsulated are within the spread of the data and therefore indistinguishable. These results suggest that CPX-351 remains in circulation in rats as intact liposomes at least 24 hours post administration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5464
Lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a functional-morphologic correlation based on extent of disease on thin-section computed tomography.
Authors: A U Wells, A D King, M B Rubens, D Cramer, R M du Bois, D M Hansell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

In most clinical series of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), disease severity is staged using lung function indices. However, many physiologic indices are measured in routine clinical practice; the choice of variable to evaluate functional severity is contentious. Computed tomography (CT) provides a reproducible means of quantifying the morphologic extent of disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional consequences of smoking-related lung damage in CFA and to identify functional measures best reflecting the extent of fibrosing alveolitis on CT. Sixty-eight patients with CFA were studied. Fourteen patients with emphysema on CT were characterized by relative preservation of FVC and TLC (p < 0.005) and relative depression of DLCO (p < 0.05) and KCO (p < 0.00005). On multivariate analysis, the extent of fibrosing alveolitis and the presence of emphysema were independent determinants of functional impairment; there was no independent relationship between smoking history and functional abnormalities. In patients without emphysema on CT, percent predicted DLCO (r = -0.68), oxygen desaturation on exercise (r = 0.64), and the physiologic component of the clinical-radiographic-physiologic (CRP) score (r = 0.62) correlated much better with the extent of disease on CT than spirometric and plethysmographic volumes. A composite functional index was generated against the extent of disease on CT, using multivariate analysis; comparison with the CRP score suggested that the relationship between morphologic disease extent and the CRP score would be improved by the inclusion of DLCO and by the use of negative weighting for depression of FEV1. These findings indicate that in CFA, the presence of concurrent emphysema on CT has a more profound influence upon functional measures than the smoking history, and underline the importance of both the measurements of DLCO and exercise testing in the assessment of the severity of CFA.
Abstract 3830: MicroRNA-21 Derepresses MAPkinase-Signaling and its Antagonism Prevents Cardiac Failure
Authors: Thomas Thum, Carina Gross, Thomas Fischer, Jan Fiedler, Markus Bussen, Paolo Galuppo, Stefan Frantz, Mirco Castoldi, Martina Muckenthaler, Jurgen Soutschek, Johann Bauersachs, Stefan Engelhardt
Journal: Circulation (2008)
AGE–RAGE interaction and oxidative stress in obesity-related renal dysfunction
Authors: Yasuhiko Tomino, Shinji Hagiwara, Tomohito Gohda
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Obesity is a risk factor for development of kidney disease. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) play important roles in the pathogenesis of renal disorders that are not associated with diabetes. Harcourt et al. provide evidence to support the mechanism responsible for AGE-RAGE interaction and the downstream oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity-related dysfunction. These findings might provide a new strategy for kidney disease in obesity.
Immunolocalization of a fibronectin-binding proteoglycan (PG-P1) immunologically related to HSPG2/perlecan in normal and fibrotic human liver
Authors: Toru Takahashi, Mamoru Isemura, Takamichi Nakamura, Shigeru Matsui, Yoshinari Oyanagi, Hitoshi Asakura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Types of hamstring injuries in sports
Authors: Carl Askling
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Lecture 15 Occurrence Hamstring strain is the most common single injury in elite soccer. To prevent these injuries and to optimise the rehabilitation it is important to analyse in what situations they occur. There are at least two distinctly different types of acute hamstring strains, one occurring during high-speed running and mainly involving the biceps femoris long head, the other during movements leading to extensive lengthening of the hamstrings (such as high kicking, sliding tackle, sagittal split) often involving the free proximal tendon of semimembranosus. These two injury types will be exemplified with injury situations, MRI findings and time back to sport from our ongoing study on acute hamstring strains. When the free proximal tendon is involved, there seems to be an extended period of time before full function without symptoms is reached. Injury type, palpation of maximal pain and MRI findings (tissues involved) can give important information about prognosis. Prevention It seems to be very important to specifically restore the eccentric hamstring muscle strength after injury before returning to sport to prevent the common hamstring re-injury. Also in the few prospective studies that exist, eccentric training appears to be an essential ingredient. This has been indicated in two rather recent Scandinavian studies, one prospective randomised study on Swedish elite male football players and the other on Icelandic and Norwegian male elite football players. However, both studies suffer from methodological shortcomings, which limit their impact. Rehabilitation There are no studies describing what kind of rehabilitation programme athletes suffering different types of hamstring strains should perform. One study indicated that core stability training is an important part of the rehabilitation programme. In our ongoing study we randomised the injured athletes into two different programmes. Different exercises with the aim of putting high eccentric demand on the hamstrings in situations with different degrees of lengthening of the hamstring muscle-tendon complex. Testing There is no consensus about a single test, clinical examination or imaging investigation that would provide strict criteria for safe return to sport following hamstring muscle strain. We are currently evaluating a new active hamstring flexibility test that appears to add discriminative power and provide useful additional information to the common clinical examination before going back to full training/match. Preliminary data will be presented and discussed.
Evaluation of the Tetrazolium Test for the Diagnosis of Significant Bacteriuria
Authors: Erwin Neter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It has become increasingly clear that bacterial infection of the urinary tract contributes significantly to morbidity and even to mortality of both children and adults. In addition, these infections do not always result in overt clinical illness associated with pyuria and albuminuria. Presently asymptomatic bacteriuria can be diagnosed only by appropriate laboratory examinations. A simple and reliable screening test for the diagnosis of significant bacteriuria would be of considerable value to the physician. Several tests have been explored, including the tetrazolium test. This test is based on the observation that 2, 3, 5 triphenyl-tetrazolium is reduced to brightly red-colored triphenyl formazan in the presence of large numbers of bacteria in urine under standardized conditions.<sup>1</sup>The present investigation was carried out to compare the results of three types of tetrazolium tests with those of a standard quantitative bacteriologic procedure. Urine specimens were obtained aseptically from both children and adults. These specimens
Why the BMJ needs data on doctors. BMA must sometimes make uncommercial decisions.
Authors: S Jones, T Sadler, N Low, M Blott, J Welch
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The risk of vertical transmission of HIV infection can be reduced by at least two thirds with perinatal interventions, including antiretroviral treatment and abstention from breastfeeding.1 The Department of Health recommends offering HIV testing to all pregnant women in areas of high seroprevalence,2 but uptake and detection rates remain low, with wide variation between centres.3 In 1994–5 only 16% (65/401) of pregnant women infected with HIV in London and south east England were recognised before the birth.4 As uptake varies with factors such as the ethnic group of the midwife,5 we examined the effect of the midwives' characteristics and site and duration of pretest discussion on uptake of testing in an area of high seroprevalence.4

An antenatal HIV testing programme was introduced in June 1995. All women at their booking visit were offered an HIV test by midwives trained about …
Increased plasma endothelin in cirrhosis. Relationship with systemic endotoxemia and response to changes in effective blood volume
Authors: Joan Saló, Anna Francitorra, Antonio Follo, Miquel Navasa, Angels Ginès, Wladimiro Jiménez, Pere Ginès, Vicente Arroyo, Francisca Rivera, Joan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
The national service framework for children
Authors: A. W Craft
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Sir Ian Kennedy in his report into events surrounding the death of children undergoing heart surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary in the 1980s described the Cinderella services offered to children in the NHS.1 However, Cinderella had not even been to the ball. Children were often treated as little adults, requiring smaller beds and smaller meals. The government responded by appointing Professor Al Aynsley-Green as national director for children's services and asking him to chair a national service framework for children. The first module of this, relating to standards for hospital services, along with another document on emerging findings, and the long awaited report on neonatal services were published on 10 April 2003.2–4

Professionals caring for children were stung by Kennedy's criticisms and have been awaiting the national service framework with great expectation. Paediatricians are delighted that more than £60m ($95m; €87m) has been allocated for implementation of the neonatal review over the next three years but somewhat disappointed that the national service framework itself comes with no money attached. So does that mean that nothing can be done to improve services for children? There is nothing revolutionary in the reports. They set out principles of care, which reiterate ideas that have been expounded since the Platt report …
Abstract 1953: Myocardial Titin Isoform Phosphorylation in Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Attila Borbely, Nazha Hamdani, Ines Falcao-Pires, Istvan Edes, Adelino F Leite-Moreira, Ger J Stienen, Jolanda van der Velden, Walter J Paulus
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Src Inhibitors in Metastatic Bone Disease
Authors: Brendan F. Boyce, Lianping Xing, Zhenqiang Yao, Teruhito Yamashita, William C. Shakespeare, Yihan Wang, Chester A. Metcalf, Raji Sundaramoorthi, David C. Dalgarno, John D. Iuliucci, Tomi K. Sawyer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Src tyrosine kinase was the first gene product shown to have an essential function in bone using recombinant DNA technology after its expression was knocked out in mice ∼15 years ago. Since then, our understanding of the regulation of bone catabolism has advanced significantly with the identification of other key enzymes that regulate osteoclast formation, activation, and survival after their knockout in mice or recognition of mutations in them in humans. This led to the discovery or development of specific inhibitors of some of these key enzymes, including Src, as proof-of-concept lead compounds or potential clinical candidates for the prevention of diseases associated with increased bone resorption, such as osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease. Although bisphosphonates have been prescribed with proven and improving efficacy for the prevention of bone loss for &amp;gt;30 years, adverse effects, such as upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, and the requirement to take them at least 2 hours before food have limited patient compliance. Thus, with growing knowledge of the pathways regulating osteoclast function and the appreciation that some of these are active also in tumor cells, drug companies have made efforts to identify small-molecular lead compounds for development into new therapeutic agents for the prevention of bone loss with efficacy that matches or supersedes that of bisphosphonates. In this article, we review our current understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate osteoclast formation, activation, and survival with specific reference to the role of Src tyrosine kinase and downstream signaling and highlight in a variety of models of increased bone resorption the effects of Src kinase inhibitors that have been targeted to bone to limit potential adverse effects on other cells.
Preventing Bronchoconstriction in Exercise-Induced Asthma with Inhaled Heparin
Authors: Tahir Ahmed, Jose Garrigo, Ignacio Danta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

We have previously reported that inhaled heparin prevents allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep and inhibits the anti-IgE-mediated release of histamine from mast cells in vitro. Since the release of such mediators has been implicated in exercise-induced asthma, we investigated whether inhaled heparin could also attenuate the bronchoconstrictor response in this disease.