tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reported Complications of Silicone Gel Breast Implants: An Epidemiologic Review
Authors: B G Silverman, S L Brown, R A Bright, R G Kaczmarek, J B Arrowsmith-Lowe, D A Kessler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Purpose: To review the range of local and systemic complications attributed to silicone breast implants and to evaluate the epidemiologic literature on these complications. Data Sources: Epidemiologic studies of the potential risks of silicone breast implants identified by MEDLINE search and literature review. Study Selection: Epidemiologic studies with cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional designs. When epidemiologic studies were unavailable (as for estimates of local complications), case series were reviewed. Data Extraction: Epidemiologic studies evaluated for methodologic quality, including such characteristics as study design, sample size and selection, determination of silicone exposure and outcome variables, and duration of follow-up. Data Synthesis: The epidemiologic literature on the potential complications of silicone breast implants has concentrated primarily on connective tissue disorders and cancer. Estimates of the true incidence of local complications, such as rupture, capsular contracture, and breast pain, are unavailable. Studies of scleroderma and other defined connective tissue diseases suggest that implant recipients have no substantially increased risk for these disorders; however, the epidemiologic literature is insufficient to rule out an association between breast implants and connective tissue disease-like syndromes. Overall, the rate of breast cancer does not seem to be increased in women with silicone breast implants. However, the risk to women as they reach the postmenopausal years is not yet known. Conclusions: Information is insufficient to adequately advise women who currently have or are seeking to obtain breast implants about the overall risk of these devices. No epidemiologic study has indicated that the rate of well-defined connective tissue disease or breast cancer has greatly increased in women with silicone breast implants, but no studies have ruled out a moderately increased risk for these diseases. No studies have adequately addressed the crucial issue of local complications such as rupture and capsular contracture, although evidence increasingly points to a higher risk for rupture as implants age.
American and Soviet Teenagers' Concerns about Nuclear War and the Future
Authors: Eric Chivian, John P. Robinson, Jonathan R.H. Tudge, Nikolai P. Popov, Vladimir G. Andreyenkov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE first survey of American adolescents' attitudes toward nuclear weapons and nuclear war was conducted in 1947.1 Despite World War II's having ended only two years earlier, almost half the 10,000 high-school students polled across the country believed the United States would become involved in yet another war, this time with the Soviet Union, even though they had just been allies and the U.S.S.R. had not yet exploded its first atomic bomb.This survey was not followed by other similar studies until the early 1960s, when the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban missile crisis stimulated scholarly interest . . .
Validation of medical history taking as part of a population based survey in subjects aged 85 and over.
Authors: A. M. Lagaay, J. C. van der Meij, W. Hijmans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

TABLE iI-Ratings of specialist group (specialist psychiatrists and police) compared with those of non- specialists Consensus rating high likelihood (7 cases) Consensus rating low likelihood (5 cases) High likelihood Low likelihood High likelihood Low likelihoodThis research indicates that it may also be necessary for such professionals to assess video recorded interviews carried out by others in order to help courts to determine the likelihood of abuse having occurred.We thank our raters, Jane Hughes, colleagues in the academic department of the
Thyroid Scintigraphy During Antithyroid Treatment for Autonomous Nodules as a Means of Imaging Extranodular Tissue
Authors: EUGENIO RESCHINI, MADDALENA PERACCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The scintigraphic appearance of the thyroid gland after a course of methimazole treatment was studied in 22 patients with autonomous hot nodules. After 2–3 months of treatment the extranodular tissue was reactivated in almost every patient. This treatment constitutes an endogenous TSH stimulation test and may be used clinically in selected cases.
Transbronchial Biopsy Needle Rinse Solution Used for Comprehensive Biomarker Testing in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Yuichi Sakairi, Kenichi Sato, Sakae Itoga, Fumie Saegusa, Kazuyuki Matsushita, Takahiro Nakajima, Shigetoshi Yoshida, Yuichi Takiguchi, Fumio Nomura, Ichiro Yoshino
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
P177 Fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate combination therapy is as effective as fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate in the treatment of asthma: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: A. Bodzenta-Lukaszyk, A. Dymek, H. Mansikka
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> A new asthma therapy combining fluticasone propionate and formoterol fumarate (FP/FORM) in a single pressurised metered dose inhaler has been developed. The efficacy and safety of FP/FORM and fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate (FP/SAL) therapy were compared. <h3>Methods</h3> Adults (N=202) with mild to moderate-severe asthma were randomised 1:1 to 12 weeks of treatment with FP/FORM (100/10 μg or 250/10 μg) or FP/SAL (100/50 μg or 250/50 μg), both twice daily, in an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre study. The starting dose was based on the dose of inhaled corticosteroid the patient received before the study. Lung function and safety assessments were made during the 12-week period. The primary endpoint was mean morning pre-dose FEV<sub>1</sub> at Week 12. <h3>Results</h3> FP/FORM was as effective as FP/SAL, with a least squares (LS) mean difference in morning pre-dose FEV<sub>1</sub> at Week 12 of –0.061 L between treatments. Non-inferiority of FP/FORM to FP/SAL was demonstrated (the lower limit of the 95% CI exceeded the acceptance limit of –0.2 L). Pre-dose FEV<sub>1</sub> increased in both groups from baseline to Week 12 (FP/FORM: +0.196 L; FP/SAL: +0.257 L). The LS mean difference in change in pre-dose FEV<sub>1</sub> was –0.061 L between treatments (95% CI –0.161 to 0.040). Non-inferiority of FP/FORM to FP/SAL was demonstrated (the lower limit of the 95% CI exceeded the acceptance limit of –0.2 L). In total, 72.3% (73/101) patients started on FP/FORM 250/10 μg and 75.2% (76/101) on FP/SAL 250/50 μg. Eight patients (FP/FORM: n=5; FP/SAL: n=3) required an increase in dose. Similar numbers of patients treated with FP/FORM and FP/SAL discontinued due to lack of efficacy (FP/FORM: n=1; FP/SAL: n=2). Twenty-three patients (11.4%) experienced mild or moderate asthma exacerbations. Four patients (2.0%) experienced severe exacerbations (FP/FORM: n=3; FP/SAL: n=1; p=0.621). Overall, 23.8% of patients experienced at least one AE. The rate was the same in both treatment groups (24/101). Most AEs were mild or moderate. No clinically important changes in laboratory results, vital signs or ECGs were observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> FP/FORM and FP/SAL had similar efficacy and safety profiles.
Sorafenib in Liver Cancer — Just the Beginning
Authors: Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer, resulting in more than 600,000 deaths per year. The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma are chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, alcoholic cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.1 Cancer probably develops in the cirrhotic liver through the induction of accelerated cycles of cell injury, death, and regeneration in an altered fibrotic and inflammatory microenvironment. Abnormal immortalized cell clones arise, and these cells develop genetic and epigenetic alterations that provide a survival and proliferative advantage, resulting in unconstrained proliferation, a . . .
The clinical psychologist in a health centre: one year's work.
Authors: T A McAllister, A E Philip
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The Livingston integrated health services project is an attempt to provide a fully integrated area health service with special emphasis on developing multidisciplinary community health teams. As part of this experiment a clinical psychologist was appointed to work in general practice. Ninety-four patients with behavioural, emotional, and cognitive problems were referred in the first year (1% of the 10 000 patients registered at the practice). The psychologist thus provided treatment for some patients who would otherwise have been seen by a general practitioner with neither the time nor the training to deal adequately with their problems.
Research: Biased Fox Guards Data Henhouse
Authors: Donald L. Howie
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent editorial by Dr Greer<sup>1</sup>analyzes some of the problems in the practical application of research findings. She points out the effectiveness of informal communication and the distrust of "scientific" information. Before a research project is undertaken, the researcher has a motivation and bias. He expects certain possible conclusions. His expectation may come from a variety of experiences and readings of variable validity, but almost no research is undertaken without an a priori expectation. Perhaps we should reformulate our idea of double-blind studies. A researcher collects information of variable accuracy. He then reaches "conclusions." This is something like the fox guarding the henhouse. Should the developer of the question leading to the research be allowed to collect the information<i>and</i>draw the conclusions? What will be the information bias? What will be the conclusion bias? Should conclusions ever be recorded in a scientific work by
The Guide to Living With HIV Infection: Developed at The Johns Hopkins AIDS Clinic
Authors: Gerald H. Friedland
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The explosion of information and knowledge about care for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has left both patients and providers with a sense of frustration in their desire to be current, competent, and in control. This book goes a long way in addressing the specific and general needs for information and understanding by people with HIV infection and health care workers who are involved in their care. It is the product of a physician, John Bartlett, director of the Division of Infectious Diseases at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and Ann Finkbeiner, an experienced science writer.  The book offers in a thoughtful and clearly written, nontechnical yet informative fashion, useful information about understanding HIV infection, preventing transmission, emotional aspects of HIV disease, guidelines for medical care and specific lists of available medical treatments, and careful discussions of legal, financial, and medical
Max-Planck Society investigates misconduct
Authors: A. T. Heidelberg
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Max-Planck Society has set up a committee to investigate allegations of scientific misconduct involving one of its directors, Peter Seeburg, director at the Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany.

The allegation is that in 1979 Seeburg published false information in a scientific paper in the journal Nature (1979;281: 544-8), which described experiments resulting in the expression of human growth hormone in bacteria.

Professor Seeburg confessed two months ago to publishing a falsehood (20 years after it appeared), …
A Social Philosopher Looks at the Death Penalty
Authors: HUGO ADAM BEDAU
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Today the death penalty provides the philosopher not so much with the task of debating its retention but rather with an occasion for explaining its virtual abolition. Public opposition, the position of the federal government, the accumulation of sociological and penological evidence against the doctrine of deterrence and in favor of a tolerable alternative—all these have been factors. Nevertheless, there are some questions of special philosophical interest which the death penalty does raise. Among them is: How should our thinking about punishment and the justifiable use of violence be guided by the doctrines of the Sanctity of Life and the Right to Life?
INCREASED PULSE WAVE VELOCITY MEASURED BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CAROTID WALL THICKNESS AND CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Naser Ahmadi, Vahid Nabavi Larijani, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, Michael Baskett, Michael Fahmy, Lisa Han, Ferdinand Flores, Ramin Ebrahimi, Ronald Karlsberg, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chemoimmunotherapy with GA101 plus chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and comorbidity: results of the CLL11 (BO21004) safety run-in
Authors: V Goede, K Fischer, R Busch, U Jaeger, M-S Dilhuydy, N Wickham, S De Guibert, M Ritgen, A W Langerak, G Bieska, A Engelke, K Humphrey, M Wenger, M Hallek
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Simultaneous quantitative assessment of tumor cells in blood and bone marrow in primary breast cancer patients.
Authors: AP Moore, MM Magbanua, J Scott, D Moore, MD Alvarado, LJ Esserman, JW Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #302 Background: Both circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow have been detected in primary breast cancer, but typically not quantitatively, simultaneously and using the same methodology. Here, we simultaneously assessed CTC and DTC levels in 390 primary breast cancer patients (Stages I-III), including treatment-naïve and post-neoadjuvant patients.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: CTCs/DTCs were enumerated via a novel two-step assay (IE/FC) consisting of immunomagnetic enrichment (IE) and flow cytometry. First, samples were enriched for epithelial cells using magnetic beads coated with anti-EpCAM monoclonal antibody (mAb). Next, fluorescently labeled mAb specific for an alternate EpCAM epitope was combined with a mAb against CD45 and a nucleic acid stain in multiparameter flow cytometry. Tumor cells were also isolated by IE followed by FACS sorting.&amp;#x2028; Results: The assay quantitatively detected tumor cells in either blood or bone marrow obtained at time of breast surgery. Tumor cells were detected with greater frequency and at generally higher levels in bone marrow than in blood. In blood, CTCs ranged from 0 to 33.7 cells/mL (mean = 0.9 ± 2.4 cells/mL) and in bone marrow DTCs ranged from 0 to 501.8 cells/mL (mean = 16.8 ± 38.7 cells/mL). Direct comparisons in each patient revealed complex but significant correlation (Spearman's rank correlation = 0.12, p = 0.02) between CTC and DTC levels. In the subgroup of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (N=84), 51/79 (64%) were considered positive for DTC (&amp;gt;5.5 cells/mL, with range 0.3-262.2, mean 34±17.1) while 15/79 (19%) were considered positive for CTC (&amp;gt;0.8 cells/mL, with range 0-38.7, mean 1.4±5.7.) Treatment-naïve patients were more likely to be considered positive in the blood (29% vs 19%, p=0.03.) than neoadjuvant patients, possibly reflecting treatment effect. CTCs or DTCs were isolated from selected patients with high cell burden and subjected to expression or genomic analyses, which confirmed the malignant nature of the cells and indicated the feasibility of molecular profiling of isolated CTCs/DTCs.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: This approach provides quantitative detection and isolation of CTCs/DTCs in blood and bone marrow, and may be useful for analysis of early events in cancer progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 302.
Amino Acid Ingestion Strongly Enhances Insulin Secretion in Patients With Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Luc J.C. van Loon, Margriet Kruijshoop, Paul P.C.A. Menheere, Anton J.M. Wagenmakers, Wim H.M. Saris, Hans A. Keizer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Insulin secretion in response to carbohydrate intake is blunted in type 2 diabetic patients. However, it is not clear whether the insulin response to other stimuli, such as amino acids, is also diminished. Recently, we defined an optimal insulinoptropic mixture containing free leucine, phenylalanine, and a protein hydrolysate that substantially enhances the insulin response in healthy young subjects when coingested with carbohydrate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the insulinotropic capacity of this mixture in long-term type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ten type 2 diabetic patients (aged 59.1 ± 2.0 years, BMI 26.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2) and 10 healthy control subjects (58.8 ± 2.1 years, 26.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2) visited our lab twice, during which insulin responses were determined following ingestion of carbohydrate only (CHO) or carbohydrate with the free amino acid/protein mixture (CHO+PRO). All subjects received 0.7 g · kg−1 · h−1 carbohydrate with or without 0.35 g · kg−1 · h−1 of the amino acid/protein mixture. RESULTS—Insulin responses were dramatically increased in the CHO+PRO trial in both the type 2 diabetic and control groups (189 and 114%, respectively) compared with the CHO trial (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Plasma glucose, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein 3 responses were not different between trials within the 2-h time frame. CONCLUSIONS—The insulin secretory capacity in long-term type 2 diabetic patients is substantially underestimated, as the insulin response following carbohydrate intake can be nearly tripled by coingestion of a free amino acid/protein mixture. Future research should be performed to investigate whether such nutritional interventions can improve postprandial glucose disposal.
Enzymes in Clinical Medicine
Authors: W. G. Brandstadt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The author of this book reviews the historical, experimental, and clinical evidence for the use of enzymes in diagnosis and treatment. He discusses the effects of proteolytic enzymes on suppurative and non-suppurative inflammation, the fibrinolytic phenomenon, methods of administration, clinical indications and contraindications, enzyme inhibitors, the diagnostic use of enzymes, and possible future developments. This new and rapidly developing field has long deserved a book bringing its many aspects together under one cover. The author is to be congratulated on a notable beginning. An extensive list of references is included at the end of the volume along with an index which seems to have been compiled hurriedly. It is hoped that subsequent editions, and there will surely be revisions, will give a little more care to the compilation of this important feature. The book is illustrated with appropriate photographs, some of which are in color.
Great Auricular Neurotomy for Tic Douloureux
Authors: J. Penman, L. S. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1957)

cardiac pain and enlargement and electrocardiographic changes may persist and be almost identical to the signs of organic heart disease.Thus in chronic anaemia, even when the heart appears normal, ischaemic changes may already have occurred.This, however, seems unlikely to be the case in children.
LATE PHLEBITIS FOLLOWING CLEAN ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: W. W. GRANT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Many surgeons have seen iliac and crural phlebitis develop from the tenth to the twentieth day (usually about two weeks) after abdominal operation which had been aseptic throughout and followed by prompt and perfect healing of the wound. A disease which appears so unexpectedly and converts a simple operation, with the promise of speedy recovery, into one of suffering, inconvenience and prolonged confinement and disability, merits further study and consideration. Though seldom fatal, it is always a most unwelcome complication and a vexatious disappointment to both patient and surgeon. The typical cases seem to occur after an interval operation, for example, a clean appendectomy. In 1903 I expressed the opinion<sup>1</sup>that I had never seen a case of iliac or femoral phlebitis after an abdominal, rectal or genitourinary operation that was not due to infection. Sepsis, I considered, the commonest cause, even if the operative field did not seem
Evaluation of a primary care anticoagulant clinic managed by a pharmacist
Authors: S. H Macgregor, J. G Hamley, J. A Dunbar, T. R. Dodd, J. A Cromarty
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Hospital outpatient anticoagulant clinics managed by pharmacists have improved the quality of care and resource use.1 Patients receiving anticoagulation often are elderly, cannot endure long waiting times,2 and find travelling to hospital difficult. Their effective management requires access to information about current medical problems and treatments. Systems for managing risks associated with new prescriptions or illnesses which may affect anticoagulant control should also be available. For all these reasons a clinic based in the general practitioner's surgery might be more appropriate for patients who need long term monitoring. This study aimed to assess the benefits and costs to patients and general practitioners of a surgery based anticoagulation clinic run by a pharmacist.

In September 1994 a weekly pharmacist led clinic was established in Downfield Surgery. International normalised ratios were measured from capillary blood …
Deletion of 11q23 is a highly specific nonrandom secondary genetic abnormality of ETV6/RUNX1-rearranged childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A Attarbaschi, G Mann, S Strehl, M König, M Steiner, V Jeitler, Th Lion, M N Dworzak, H Gadner, O A Haas
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Influence of Diabetes on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function and on Long-Term Outcome After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Ulas Höke, Joep Thijssen, Rutger J. van Bommel, Lieselot van Erven, Enno T. van der Velde, Eduard R. Holman, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax, Victoria Delgado, Nina Ajmone Marsan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The influence of diabetes on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear. The aims of the current study were to 1) assess the changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and 2) evaluate long-term prognosis in CRT recipients with diabetes.A total of 710 CRT recipients (171 with diabetes) were included from an ongoing registry. Echocardiographic evaluation, including LV systolic and diastolic function assessment, was performed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Response to CRT was defined as a reduction of ≥15% in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) at the 6-month follow-up. During long-term follow-up (median = 38 months), all-cause mortality (primary end point) and cardiac death or heart failure hospitalization (secondary end point) were recorded.At the 6-month follow-up, significant LV reverse remodeling was observed both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. However, the response to CRT occurred more frequently in non-diabetic patients than in diabetic patients (57 vs. 45%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement in LV diastolic function was observed both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, but was more pronounced in non-diabetic patients. The determinants of the response to CRT among diabetic patients were LV dyssynchrony, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and insulin use. Both primary and secondary end points were more frequent in diabetic patients (P < 0.001). Particularly, diabetes was independently associated with all-cause mortality together with ischemic cardiomyopathy, renal function, LVESV, LV dyssynchrony, and LV diastolic dysfunction.Heart failure patients with diabetes exhibit significant improvements in LV systolic and diastolic function after CRT, although they are less pronounced than in non-diabetic patients. Diabetes was independently associated with all-cause mortality.