tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Suicide in Persons With AIDS
Authors: Harry F. Hull
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Marzuk and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have prepared a disturbing and thoughtprovoking analysis demonstrating an increased rate of suicide among men who have been recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We believe that they overstimated the risk of suicide by using inappropriate comparison populations. Nine of the 12 male AIDS patients who committed suicide in New York were known to be homosexual. Although good epidemiologic studies are lacking, homosexuality may be a risk factor for suicide. One study<sup>2</sup>demonstrated a 17-fold increased risk for unnatural deaths (preponderantly suicide and accidents that could have represented suicide) for intravenous drug users and homosexuals. If a population of homosexual men had been used for comparison, the relative risk of suicide for patients with AIDS would have been much less than the 36-fold increased risk calculated by the authors. Your editorialist, Dr Glass,<sup>3</sup>suggested that human immnunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing
Induction of acute myeloid leukemia in mice by the human leukemia-specific fusion gene NUP98-HOXD13 in concert with Meis1
Authors: Nicolas Pineault, Christian Buske, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Carolina Abramovich, Patty Rosten, Donna E. Hogge, Peter D. Aplan, R. Keith Humphries
Journal: Blood (2003)
Research Ethics Boards: Size, Not Money
Authors: Joal Hill
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
Life-Threatening Drug Eruptions
Authors: Adolph Rostenberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Most drug eruptions seen by the physician are of mild or moderate severity and cause no threat to life or subsequent health. However, severe reactions can develop, and a small proportion of these may be life-threatening. Before discussing specific drug eruptions, we should like to discuss the proof of a causal relationship between a given drug and an eruption. It is difficult to prove the precise etiologic agent for any suspected eruption. The only way to prove definitively that a given drug has caused an eruption is to discontinue the suspected drug, wait until the reaction clears, and then readminister the drug to observe if a relapse occurs. If the condition improves and ultimately clears entirely when the drug is withdrawn, and reappears when the drug subsequently is readministered, the drug may be regarded as the causal agent. However, readministering the suspected drug is very hazardous, and<i>we must emphasize</i>
TCT-869 Percutaneous clousure of para valvular aortic leak with AVPIII device, clinical follow-up late
Authors: Jorge Enrique Sandoval Berrocal, Manuel Paulo, Rosana Hernandez-Antolin, Carlos Almería, Carlos Ramon Rodas, Patricia Martin, Jaime Dutary, Fernando Federico Fernandez-Viña, Eulogio Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The research assessment exercise and medical research
Authors: S. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editorial by Goldbeck-Wood Education and debate pp 630, 636 

In 1999-2000 the Higher Education Funding Council for England will distribute over £855m for research, virtually all of it according to the quality and amount of research done. Quality is assessed through a periodic research assessment exercise. Research is funded selectively so that universities and colleges with high quality research departments get a larger share of the money. The first research assessment exercise to cover the entire higher education sector was undertaken in 1992, the last one was in 1996, and the next will take place in 2001. The research community now has an opportunity to influence the way in which quality of research is assessed after the exercise in 2001 because, from now until autumn 2000, the funding councils for England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are undertaking a fundamental review of research policy and funding.1

Each higher education institution is allocated a block grant that includes quality related research funding. This quality related funding provides money for the infrastructure of research—helping to cover the costs of the salaries of permanent academic staff, premises, and central computing—while research charities and funding councils provide for direct project costs and contribute to indirect project costs. The quality related research funding is thus the core funding for the university research base and is allocated by the funding councils according to the quality rating of each unit of assessment.

#### Summary points

The research assessment exercise has resulted in substantial reductions in funding to some medical schools and has led to a loss of status for teaching compared with research

The exercise has undervalued clinical and health services research and disadvantaged highly specialised and multidisciplinary research

It also promotes a short term approach to research and is expensive to operate

Proposed changes for the exercise …
Minimum Waist and Visceral Fat Values for Identifying Japanese Americans at Risk for the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tomoshige Hayashi, Edward J. Boyko, Marguerite J. McNeely, Donna L. Leonetti, Steven E. Kahn, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We appreciate Dr. Oda's (1) interest in our article (2) and his agreement with our concerns about the methodology used to define cut points for abnormal waist circumference at 90 cm for women and 85 cm for men in Japanese patients. Our report demonstrates that compared with these recommendations, a higher waist circumference cut point in men and a lower cut point in younger women better identifies presence of nonadipose metabolic syndrome components in Japanese Americans (2). Our study reports results of a cross-sectional study of optimal waist circumference cut points for classifying presence of nonadipose metabolic syndrome components. We believe …
BLOOD-SUCKING VECTORS OF ENCEPHALITIS: EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS (HUBBARD STRAIN) TO WHITE SWISS MICE BY THE AMERICAN DOG TICK, DERMACENTOR VARIABILIS SAY
Authors: Russell J. Blattner, Florence M. Heys
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

(1) The common dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, is capable of being infected with the virus of St. Louis encephalitis, Hubbard strain, by feeding on inoculated animals and, once infected, can transmit the virus to normal susceptible animals by bite. (2) A female can transmit the infection to her offspring, through all stages of metamorphosis of the 2nd generation into the 3rd generation. (3) Ticks infected under laboratory conditions and kept inactive at a temperature of 12.5°C., remained infective for at least a period of 10 months. Eggs laid by an infected female and stored in a refrigerator (12.5°C.) for 10 months retained infective virus, and larvae hatched from such eggs at the end of the 10 months of dormancy were also infective. (4) The present work, a preliminary account of which appeared in December, 1941 (1, 2), is of theoretical significance since in so far as we are aware, it represents the first successful transmission of St. Louis encephalitis to experimental animals by a blood-sucking vector.
REM sleep is not committed to memory
Authors: Robert P. Vertes, Kathleen E. Eastman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We believe that this has been a constructive debate on the topic of memory consolidation and REM sleep. It was a lively and spirited exchange – the essence of science. A number of issues were discussed including: the pedestal technique, stress, and early REMD work in animals; REM windows; the processing of declarative versus procedural memory in REM in humans; a mnemonic function for theta rhythm in waking but not in REM sleep; the lack of cognitive deficits in patients on antidepressant drugs that suppress or eliminate REM sleep; the disposition of conscious (dreams) and nonconscious material of REM sleep; and finally our theory of REM sleep. Although our position was strongly challenged, we still hold that REM sleep serves no role in the processing and consolidation of memory.
Systematic Review of Perioperative and Quality-of-life Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Localised Renal Cancer
Authors: Steven MacLennan, Mari Imamura, Marie C. Lapitan, Muhammad Imran Omar, Thomas B.L. Lam, Ana M. Hilvano-Cabungcal, Pam Royle, Fiona Stewart, Graeme MacLennan, Sara J. MacLennan, Philipp Dahm, Steven E. Canfield, Sam McClinton, T.R. Leyshon Griffiths, Börje Ljungberg, James N’Dow
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Pressure-independent contribution of sodium to large artery structure and function in hypertension
Authors: M Safar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: Sodium sensitivity is usually studied in terms of change of blood pressure (BP) but the specific effects on conduit arteries have not been addressed. Experimental studies: In genetic models of hypertension, chronically increased sodium diet is associated with aortic hypertrophy and development of extracellular matrix independent of BP. These alterations, often associated with increased stiffness and secretory properties of vascular smooth muscle, are reversed by lowering sodium intake and/or giving diuretics, independently of BP changes. The arterial changes are chronically modulated by hormonal counterregulatory mechanisms since, when sodium intake is high, bradykinin blockade produces more carotid hypertrophy, and when sodium intake is normal, less aortic collagen accumulates because of AT1-receptor blockade. Clinical studies: In longitudinal studies on hypertensive subjects, increased sodium intake not only increases BP but also decreases brachial artery diameter, implying pressure-independent mechanisms acting on the arterial wall. The antihypertensive effect of diuretics is associated with little change of arterial geometry and stiffness, probably resulting from marked angiotensin-induced increase of arterial stiffness. This latter effect is blocked by converting-enzyme inhibition. All these arterial changes may be genetically modulated since in salt-sensitive hypertensives, increased sodium intake is associated with decreased arterial distensibility, and in some hypertensive subjects, a polymorphism of the AT1-receptor gene has been described in association with increased aortic stiffness and is reversed by converting-enzyme inhibition independent of BP. Conclusion: In genetic models of human and rat hypertension, increased sodium intake is associated with specific alterations of the structure and function of conduit arteries involving extracellular matrix, but independent of BP and atherosclerosis.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockage therapy impairs hepatitis B viral clearance and enhances T-cell exhaustion in a mouse model
Authors: I-Tsu Chyuan, Hwei-Fang Tsai, Horng-Tay Tzeng, Chi-Chang Sung, Chien-Sheng Wu, Pei-Jer Chen, Ping-Ning Hsu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Response to Block
Authors: Ole Schmitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

I thank Dr. Block (1) for the interest in our article (2) and the editor for the opportunity to clarify the point raised. As stated several times in our article (results, Table 2, conclusions), we define the early-phase period (i.e., where insulin secretory rates were calculated) as the initial 30 min of the prandial phase. The calculation of insulin secretion was as noted based on measurements of insulin and C-peptide, utilizing the classic combined model. Samples were drawn every 10 min during this part of the prandial period.

The cardinal issue in our article is the effect of the insulin secretagogue repaglinide on the meal-induced …
Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Detected Incidentally on Tc-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Mehmet Reyhan, Mehmet Aydin, A Fuat Yapar, Filiz Aka Bolat, Fahri Tercan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 42-year-old man with a history of chest pain underwent cardiac scintigraphy single-photon emission computed tomography with Tc-99m sestamibi, which showed no myocardial perfusion abnormalities. Marked focal uptake adjacent to the posterior aspect of the heart was observed incidentally. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a mass in the inferior lobe of the left lung. Subsequent surgical removal of the mass led to a diagnosis of atypical carcinoid tumor.
Epidemiology and time trend of hepatitis B: a French population based study
Authors: Anne Minello, Francine Fein, Isabelle Beurton, Philippe Evrard, Emmanuel Rassiat, Chantal Milan, Valerie Jooste, Jean Faivre, Claire Bonithon-Kopp, Jean Philippe Miguet, Solange Bresson Hadni, Patrick Hillon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Control Cardiac KChIP2 Gene Expression
Authors: Ying Jia, Koichi Takimoto
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Hypertrophied myocardium is associated with reductions in the transient outward K(+) current (Ito) and expression of pore-forming Kv4.2/4.3 and auxiliary KChIP2 subunits. Here we show that KChIP2 mRNA and protein levels are dramatically decreased to 10% to 30% of control levels in the left ventricle of aorta-constricted rats in vivo and phenylephrine (PE)-treated myocytes in vitro. PE also markedly decreases Ito density. Inhibition of protein kinase Cs (PKCs) does not affect the PE-induced reduction in KChIP2 mRNA level, whereas activation of PKC with phorbol ester (phorbol myristate [PMA]) causes a marked reduction in KChIP2 mRNA level. Pharmacological inhibition of MEKs or overexpression of a dominant-negative MEK1 increases the basal KChIP2 mRNA expression and blocks the PMA-induced decrease in auxiliary subunit mRNA level. In addition, a constitutively active MEK1 decreases the basal KChIP2 mRNA level, and PMA causes no further reduction in auxiliary subunit mRNA level in active MEK1-expressing cells. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of JNKs or overexpression of a dominant-negative JNK1 prevents the PE-induced, but not PMA-induced, reduction in KChIP2 mRNA expression. These results suggest that downregulation of KChIP2 expression significantly contributes to the hypertrophy-associated reduction in Ito density. They also indicate that the expression of KChIP2 mRNA is controlled by the 2 branches of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways: JNKs play a predominant role in mediating the PE-induced reduction, whereas the MEK-ERK pathway influences the basal expression and mediates the PKC-mediated downregulation.
Griffith Wyn Roberts
Authors: Maureen Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former area medical officer Clwyd Health Authority (b Pwllheli 1914; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1942; OBE, FFCM, DPH), died from intestinal ischaemia on 20 August 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After qualifying Wyn Roberts joined the Royal Air Force and served three years in the Middle East. His first job as a public health doctor was as a district medical officer in his home town of Pwllheli. He was then deputy county medical officer for Caernarvonshire, county medical officer for Flintshire, and later area medical officer for Clwyd Health Authority until his retirement in 1978. Wyn Roberts built up the child care clinics, and nursing and ambulance services in Flintshire. He leaves two daughters.
Nature, nurture, and childhood overweight.
Authors: E M Poskitt, T J Cole
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The relative importance of dietary and familial factors in determining weight in early infancy were studied in 203 5-year-old children. Their age at weaning, energy intake in infancy and at 5 years, and maternal percentage expected weight were studied in relation to their percentage expected weight. Neither the estimated energy intake in infancy nor the intake at 5 years correlated significantly with their percentage expected weight at 5 years. Overweight 5-year-olds had not been weaned earlier than normal-weight 5-year-olds. There was a significant correlation between the percentage expected weights of the mothers and those of their children at 5 years of age, although the children of overweight mothers did not have higher energy intakes than the children of underweight mothers. A familial, perhaps genetically determined, tendency to overweight seems to be more important in determining whether a child will be overweight at 5 years old than early weaning and overfeeding in infancy.
A NOTE ON THE CAUSATION OF BLUE TOES (CYANIDROSIS?) WITH REPORTS OF CASES
Authors: ARTHUR HALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1902)

Journal Article A NOTE ON THE CAUSATION OF BLUE TOES (CYANIDROSIS?) WITH REPORTS OF CASES Get access ARTHUR HALL, M.A., M.B. CANTAB., M.R.C.P. ARTHUR HALL, M.A., M.B. CANTAB., M.R.C.P. Physician, Sheffield Royal Hospital, Professor of Pathology University College, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 14, Issue 11, 1 November 1902, Pages 418–423, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1902.tb16418.x Published: 01 November 1902
119 IDENTIFICATION OF RESECTED BENIGN HEPATOCELLULAR TUMORS MAY REQUIRE MORE THAN ROUTINE PATHOLOGICAL MARKERS
Authors: P. Bioulac-Sage, H. Laumonier, C. Laurent, G. Cubel, A. Sa Cunha, J. Saric, C. Balabaud, J. Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism -- Just a Low Serum Thyrotropin Concentration, or Something More?
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Since the introduction 10 years ago of assays for serum thyrotropin that are sensitive enough to distinguish between normal and low concentrations, the measurement of serum thyrotropin has become the single best test of thyroid function. The reason is that an increase in the serum thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3) concentration sufficient to cause clinically apparent hyperthyroidism inhibits thyrotropin secretion substantially, just as a decrease in the serum thyroid hormone concentration sufficient to cause hypothyroidism increases it.Serum thyrotropin concentrations are usually undetectable in patients with overt hyperthyroidism. They may be detectable but low in patients . . .
Indolic Compounds in the Urine of Schizophrenics
Authors: G. B. Leyton
Journal: BMJ (1958)

important factor in the control of tuberculosis.Early diagnosis of the disease is of the utmost value.Mass radio- graphy, substantially on a voluntary basis, is the medium in human medicine.Tuberculin-testing is the counterpart in the veterinary field, and voluntary measures are rapidly giving way to compulsion in relation to cattle.I think it is safe to say that the cattle of Britain will be free from this scourge before the people, but there will remain other animals to keep the disease alive in its various forms. SummaryThe proper study of tuberculosis among domestic animals started during the period of the industrial revolution, which played a great part in the increase of tuberculosis in man and animals, particularly in over- crowded towns.Although infection in both man and animals is via the respiratory tract and the alimentary canal, the lung and regional lymph-node lesions are not convincing evidence of aerogenous infection, as the
Impaired Nk1.1 T Cell Development in Mice Transgenic for a T Cell Receptor β Chain Lacking the Large, Solvent-Exposed Cβ Fg Loop
Authors: Sylvie Degermann, Giuseppina Sollami, Klaus Karjalainen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

A striking feature of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain structure is the large FG loop that protrudes freely into the solvent on the external face of the Cbeta domain. We have already shown that a transgene-encoded Vbeta8.2(+) TCR beta chain lacking the complete Cbeta FG loop supports normal development and function of conventional alpha/beta T cells. Thus, the FG loop is not absolutely necessary for TCR signaling. However, further analysis has revealed that a small population of alpha/beta T cells coexpressing NK1.1 are severely depleted in these transgenic mice. The few remaining NK1.1 T cells have a normal phenotype but express very low levels of TCR. We find that the TCR Vbeta8.2(+) chain lacking the Cbeta FG loop cannot pair efficiently with the invariant Valpha14-Jalpha281 TCR alpha chain commonly expressed by this T cell family. Consequently, fewer NK1.1 T cells develop in these mice. Our results suggest that expression of the Valpha14(+) TCR alpha chain is particularly sensitive to TCR-beta conformation. Development of NK1.1 T cells appears to need a TCR-beta conformation dependent on the presence of the Cbeta loop that is not necessarily required for assembly and function of TCRs on most alpha/beta T cells.
Wrong Medicine: Doctors, Patients, and Futile Treatment
Authors: Andrew Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Recurrent hypoglycemia increases hypothalamic glucose phosphorylation activity in rats
Authors: Mayowa A. Osundiji, Paul Hurst, Stephen P. Moore, S. Pauliina Markkula, Chen Y. Yueh, Ashwini Swamy, Shu Hoashi, Jill S. Shaw, Christine H. Riches, Lora K. Heisler, Mark L. Evans
Journal: Metabolism (2010)