tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of partial ischaemia and volume loading on myocardial efficiency and cardiac performance in dogs
Authors: G Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

To determine whether volume loading may be beneficial for the performance of ischaemic heart, myocardial ischaemia was created by partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to reduce the blood flow to 30 approximately 40% of basal level in 11 open chest anaesthetised dogs. Global left ventricular function as well as regional performance were studied under four different levels of volume loading, euvolemia (EUVO), hypervolemia (HYPER), normovolemia and hypovolemia.Left ventricular dP/dt(max) and cardiac output were decreased significantly during partial occlusion (3511.2+/-425.2 mmHg/s and 0.9+/-0.1 l/min) compared with pre-occlusion (4486.5+/-419.2 mmHg/s and 1.3+/-0.1 l/min) (P<0.05). Cardiac work was also lowered during partial occlusion (75.4+/-5.2 vs. 106.5+/-2.4 mmHgxl/min) (P<0.05). During volume loading, cardiac output and work were elevated (1.2+/-0.2 l/min and 94.0+/-5.4 mmHgxl/min) compared with EUVO (P<0.05). Local contractile dysfunction occurred in the LAD region after partial occlusion. There were no significant differences of dysfunction between any conditions of volume loading. Percentage shortening of the LAD region was decreased during partial occlusion (8.3+/-1.1 vs. 25.0+/-2.7%) and also was higher in HYPER (13.5+/-2.6%) than that in EUVO (P<0.05). Partial occlusion and different conditions of volume loading did not significantly change the force and local work in the LAD region. Myocardial O(2) consumption (MVO(2)) in LAD region was decreased during partial occlusion with different levels of volume loading (P<0.05). Local myocardial efficiency (work/MVO(2)) was increased during partial occlusion compared with pre-occlusion (941.3+/-56.2 vs. 551.0+/-65.5 gxmm/ml O(2)/min/100 g, P<0.05) and was also higher in HYPER (1208.6+/-48.4 gxmm/ml O(2)/min/100 g) than that in EUVO (P<0.05). Local systolic work was decreased during partial occlusion compared with pre-occlusion (9.5+/-1.5 vs. 14.2+/-1.3 gxmm/beat), whereas local myocardial systolic mechanical efficiency was increased (496.3+/-45.7 vs. 667.2+/-39.8 gxmm/ml O(2)/min/100 g). There were no significant changes of local systolic work and local systolic myocardial efficiency between different volume loading, although they tend to be elevated with increasing volume loading.Increase of blood volume by 15% improved the impaired global performance caused by partial occlusion of the LAD in open-chest dogs. This improvement was not accompanied by further dysfunction or increased MVO(2) of ischaemic myocardium, and therefore might be beneficial without causing further damage to the insulted myocytes.
Presenile dementia: Authors' reply
Authors: L. Whalley, G. McGonigal, B. MacLennan, C. McQuade, J. Starr, B. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1993)

examiners have not found that large quantities are needed, nor does it leave prisoners "suffering considerably."Rix should have looked at the small number of deaths from drug abuse in police custody in which police surgeons have been involved in the past 20 years before using words like "unethical, uncaring, and perilous."It is unfortunate that many constabularies employ doctors untrained in clinical forensic medi- cine to care for addicts in custody, where they are-as we saw in Grimsby-out of their depth.However, several now conduct effective in house training of their doctors for induction and up- dating, with the help of members of the Association of Police Surgeons, whose clinical standards are indeed the result of continuing education.Rix's criticism should be directed at those police authorities who take the cheap option, not at doctors who hold valid views on the management of opiate addicts in police stations, where their experience is second to none.
A Contribution to the Statistics of Amputations
Authors: H. Lowndes
Journal: BMJ (1874)

On New Year's Eve, not having heard that he was materially worse, I called, and found him paler than on the occasion of my last visit, breathing rapidly and being occasionally troubled with a dry short cough, but still unwilling to acknowledge that he wvas suffering from more thani a slight cold and fatigue.Next morning, I was hurriedly sent for at seveni o'clock, witlh the messace that he was taken very ill.On arr-iving at his house, I found that he was dead, havinig expired a few iminutes after arising from his bed to menid his fire, with every symptom of syncope.The subject of the second case was the wife of the above-mentioned genitleman, a lady 53 years of age, of florid complexion and fuLll habit of bo(ly, who had for many years suffered from the effects of the so-called phosphatic diathesis in its worst form.In her youth, she had also suf- flered from frequenit attacks of facial erysipelas.Two monthbs before the history of the present case opens, she had a severe attack of con- gestion of thc liver, with one or two slight paroxysmiis of apparent angina pectoris.From this she had quite recovered, alnd had returned from her monith's sojurn in the Isle of Viglit, greatly improved in Jhealth.From the begrinninig of her husband's illness, and much against my wish, bearing, in miniid her previous history, she unsparingly devoted herself, both day andl night, to his welfare.After five or six days and niglhts of the most uinwearied attention to her husband, she began to complain of sore throat; her pulse and temperature rose, the former to 120, the latter to 103 Fahr., and other symptoms of fever declared
LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION ASSESSED BY TISSUE DOPPLER IMAGING AS A NEW PREDICTOR OF CARDIAC EVENTS AFTER NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Yong-Tai Liu, Rui-Jie Li, Qing Zhang, Gabriel WK Yip, Bryan P. Yan, Yat-Yin Lam, Alex PW Lee, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A fatal case of Lassa fever in London, January 2009
Authors: A Kitching, S Addiman, S Cathcart, L Bishop, D Krahé, M Nicholas, J Coakley, G Lloyd, T Brooks, D Morgan, D Turbitt
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In January 2009, the eleventh [corrected] case of Lassa fever imported to the United Kingdom was diagnosed in London. Risk assessment of 328 healthcare contacts with potential direct exposure to Lassa virus - through contact with the case or exposure to bodily fluids - was undertaken. No contacts were assessed to be at high risk of infection and no secondary clinical cases identified.
Correction: "Atrial Septal Defect: Echocardiographic Observations"
Authors: WALLACE E. RADTKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Correction: "Atrial Septal Defect: Echocardiographic Observations"WALLACE E. RADTKE, M.D., AND CO-AUTHORSWALLACE E. RADTKE, M.D., AND CO-AUTHORSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-501 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were responsible for two errors that appeared in our article "Atrial Septal Defect: Echocardiographic Observations" (Ann Intern Med84:246-252, 1976). In Table 2 on page 247, the normal values (given in parentheses) for right ventricular dimension index should have read 0.5-1.2. Reference 16 should have cited an earlier study by the same authors and should have read: Hagan AD, Deely WJ, Sahn D, et al: Echocardiographic criteria for normal newborn infants.Circulation48:1221-1226, 1973.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WALLACE E. RADTKE, M.D., AND CO-AUTHORSAffiliations: Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, Minnesota 55901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4 Page: 501-501 Keywords Atrial septal defect Infants ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: A position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)
Authors: Andrew S. Levey, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Adeera Levin, Josef Coresh, Jerome Rossert, Dick D.E. Zeeuw, Thomas H. Hostetter, Norbert Lameire, Garabed Eknoyan
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Dr. Fox responds
Authors: K. A A Fox
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Dr. Fox responds Get access Keith A A Fox Keith A A Fox Professor of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XF, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 1992, Page 661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.661 Published: 01 July 1992
The Lupus Anticoagulant in 14 Male Patients
Authors: C. C. Waddell, J. A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fourteen male patients examined for a prolonged partial thromboplastin time were found to have the lupus anticoagulant. In contrast to previous reports, there was no increased incidence of false-positive results of serological tests for syphilis. In only two patients was systemic lupus erythematosus confirmed, although two additional patients had a positive result of a test for antinuclear antibody. Other clinical diagnoses included peripheral vascular disease, cardiac disease, pulmonary disease, and schizophrenia. Prothrombin times were distinctly abnormal in only two patients. Bleeding was rarely encountered in these patients, including ten who underwent surgical procedures or some type of hemostatic challenge. Thrombocytopenia was not associated with bleeding but was present in two patients who had thrombotic events.
Physiologic Consequences of Renal Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Harriet P. Dustan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

ONCE upon a time, not so very long ago, there were two women — both 35 years old, and both with hypertension of recent onset. One had severe, sustained diastolic hypertension and intense retinal arteriolar constriction with hemorrhages and exudates; the serum potassium was 3.0 mEq per liter. The other had mild labile hypertension, mild retinal arteriolar constriction and a serum potassium of 4.2 mEq per liter. In each, the urogram showed the right kidney to be 1.5 cm shorter than the left. Although the contrast material appeared one minute later in the right kidney, by 10 minutes it was . . .
Drug points: Excessive blinking associated with combined antidepressants
Authors: M A Cooper, T R Dening
Journal: BMJ (1986)

reported in France and Australia,'2 and 20 Australian subjects said that they used dextromethorphan because they experienced increased perceptual awareness, altered time perception, and visual hallucinations.3We believe that the potential for psychotropic effects of this drug is not fully appreciated and that its abuse may be more widespread than previously recognised.1 Dodds A, Reval E. Toxic psychosis due to dextromethorphan.
Hazards of lumbar puncture.
Authors: J M Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1982)

If antacids are used then some basic facts need to be remembered.Not only sodium bicarbonate but also magnesium trisilicate mixture and the proprietary compound Gaviscon contain large amounts of sodium-which could precipitate heart failure in predisposed patients.Calcium salts, at least in large doses, can cause hypercalcaemia, and, as calcium ions stimulate release of gastrin, can cause rebound hypersecretion.Magnesium and aluminium salts often bind other drugs, reducing the rate and extent of absorption of cimetidine, digoxin, indomethacin, and levodopa among others,9 and in large doses used intensively they can bind phosphate, pre- cipitating osteomalacia.Given in modest doses magnesium-aluminium antacids remain safe, cheap adjuncts to the treatment of duodenal ulcer, even if in the long term they have little effect on the behaviour of the disease.
Fever Associated with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John J. Calabro, Joseph M. Marchesano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE relation of fever to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis appears to have been largely overlooked in the period of almost seventy years since Still1 first called attention to certain distinctive pyrexial patterns. Furthermore, the disease is hardly ever considered in the differential diagnosis of so-called fevers of unknown origin. Yet fever alone, or together with rash2 and other nonarticular features, frequently precedes arthritic manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.Fever has been noted in 42 to 90 per cent of close to 1000 cases reported in the literature since 1958.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 So little attention has been paid to this association, however, that only . . .
IgA deficiency during treatment of infantile hypothyroidism with thyroxine.
Authors: J Seager
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Serum IgA concentrations in five children with infantile hypothyroidism fell soon after the start of treatment with thyroxine. In one child the IgA concentration fell appreciably (to less than 0.01 g/1) and remained reduced; in the four others it returned to normal. IgM and IgG concentrations were roughly normal throughout. The deficiency in IgA concentrations may have been due to stimulation by thyroxine treatment of a T cell suppressor system that, in the original hypothyroid state, was less than normally active.
Transmission of Genital Herpes by Donor Insemination
Authors: Donald E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This report describes a donor in a therapeutic donor insemination program who asymptomatically acquired a primary herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection from his long-standing sexual partner. His fresh semen was used to inseminate two HSV-seronegative recipients; in one a primary HSV-2 infection developed, and in one it did not. Direct evidence of transmission from donor to recipient was documented by restriction enzyme analysis of the HSV-2 isolates obtained from the donor's semen and from the recipient's cervix. Because of the possibility of asymptomatic acquisition and transmission of HSV-2, semen donors and their sexual partners should undergo serologic screening for genital herpes using new, type-specific HSV serologic techniques.
Hypertension Control: A Succeeding National Effort
Authors: Robert I. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

May is National High Blood Pressure Month. In a nation overly accustomed to "diseases of the month," this event is not remarkable. What is remarkable is that May is the fifth High Blood Pressure Month and that in the short history of these months, the United States has accomplished an unprecedented near revolution in its approach to control of this major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Much has been learned during this revolution, not the least of which is that having a month can be far more than an idle gesture if it is executed within a well-planned public health effort. Such an effort does exist. It is the National High Blood Pressure Education Program, initiated in 1972 and coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.<sup>1,2</sup>It is succeeding, although it is not yet totally successful. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program, when initiated in 1972, faced
The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Cardiac surgeons interested in preserving their links with ancestors they never knew will learn here that their field probably began in 1814 when Romero surgically drained the overfilled pericardium. At that time, however, the Faculty of Medicine in Paris preferred that Romero's report remain "in the silence of its archives," rather than permitting it to be published (and thus risk suggesting that the Faculty approved of it). "... meticulous planning, such as that of John Gibbon—with all his experimentation and disheartening starts and stops—more typically characterized the meandering search for effective cardiac surgical procedures through the 1940s and early 1950s." By 1897, after several surgeons had sutured cardiac wounds, Herbert Milton wrote from Cairo that "Heart surgery is still quite in its infancy but it requires no great stretch of fancy to imagine the possibility of plastic operations on some... of its valvular lesions." Sir Lauder Brunton was actually
A Simplified Psychometric Evaluation for the Diagnosis of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Oliviero Riggio, Lorenzo Ridola, Chiara Pasquale, Ilaria Pentassuglio, Silvia Nardelli, Federica Moscucci, Manuela Merli, Sara Montagnese, Piero Amodio, Carlo Merkel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells
Authors: Erin E. West, Hyun-Tak Jin, Ata-Ur Rasheed, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Sang-Jun Ha, Wendy G. Tan, Ben Youngblood, Gordon J. Freeman, Kendall A. Smith, Rafi Ahmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) plays a major role in functional exhaustion of T cells during chronic infections and cancer, and recent clinical data suggest that blockade of the PD-1 pathway is an effective immunotherapy in treating certain cancers. Thus, it is important to define combinatorial approaches that increase the efficacy of PD-1 blockade. To address this issue, we examined the effect of IL-2 and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in the mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. We found that low-dose IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice. IL-2 treatment also decreased inhibitory receptor levels on virus-specific CD8+ T cells and increased expression of CD127 and CD44, resulting in a phenotype resembling that of memory T cells. Surprisingly, IL-2 therapy had only a minimal effect on reducing viral load. However, combining IL-2 treatment with blockade of the PD-1 inhibitory pathway had striking synergistic effects in enhancing virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and decreasing viral load. Interestingly, this reduction in viral load occurred despite increased numbers of Tregs. These results suggest that combined IL-2 therapy and PD-L1 blockade merits consideration as a regimen for treating human chronic infections and cancer.
BIOCHEMICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF CERTAIN ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN FIBRINOGEN PREPARATIONS*
Authors: M. W. Mosesson, J. S. Finlayson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

During the examination of human plasminogenfree fibrinogen, a stable heterogeneity of human fibrinogen was revealed by DEAE cellulose chromatography (1).Biophysical and biochemical studies have indicated that differences between the distinguishable types of fibrinogen are small and are best demonstrated electrophoretically or chromatographically.In the present work, certain biological comparisons were made in a further attempt to characterize the different fibrinogen types.In addition to the properties considered to be intrinsic to fibrinogen (e.g., clotting time), we studied some biologi- cal activities that were found to be associated with fibrinogen and that probably represent nonfibrinogen contaminants.We particularly examined the properties of a plasmin-trypsin inhibitor whose presence was first recognized during the course of these studies. MATERIALS AND METHODSPurified human fibrinogen was prepared from acid citrate dextrose plasma by the method of Blomback and Blomback (2) and subsequently reprecipitated from a solution containing lysine or e-ACA 1 in order to remove plasminogen contamination (3).The final material was consistently 96% clottable or more and was stored in 0.3 M NaCl at -200 C. Extensive dialysis was always per- formed to assure removal of free amino acid.Glycerol-activated human plasmin,2 10.2± 0.5 casein U 3 per ml, was stored at -200 C and diluted for use.Thrombin was a highly purified material 4 of human
The Electrophysiological Mechanism of Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Nabil El-Sherif, Edward B. Caref, Hong Yin, Mark Restivo
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

We have previously developed a canine in vivo model of the long QT syndrome (LQTS) using the neurotoxin anthopleurin A (AP-A), which acts by slowing sodium channel inactivation. The recent discovery of a genetic mutation in the cardiac sodium channel in some patients with the congenital LQTS, resulting in abnormal gating behavior similar to sodium channels exposed to AP-A, provides a strong endorsement of this animal model as a valid surrogate to the clinical syndrome of LQTS. In the present study, we conducted high-resolution tridimensional isochronal mapping of both activation and repolarization patterns in puppies exposed to AP-A that developed LQTS and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs). To map repolarization, we measured activation-recovery intervals (ARIs) using multiple unipolar extracellular electrograms. We demonstrated, for the first time in vivo, the existence of spatial dispersion of repolarization in the ventricular wall and differences in regional recovery in response to cycle-length changes that were markedly exaggerated after AP-A administration. Analysis of tridimensional activation patterns showed that the initial beat of polymorphic VT consistently arose as focal activity from a subendocardial site, whereas subsequent beats were due to successive subendocardial focal activity, reentrant excitation, or a combination of both mechanisms. Reentrant excitation was due to infringement of a focal activity on the spatial dispersion of repolarization, resulting in functional conduction block and circulating wave fronts. The polymorphic QRS configuration of VT in the LQTS was due to either changing the site of origin of focal activity, resulting in varying activation patterns, or varying orientations of circulating wave fronts.
Vitamin B may reduce risk of heart disease
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Consuming high levels of vitamin B6 and folate may substantially reduce a woman's risk of coronary artery disease, according to study published in the journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA 1998;279:359-64).

The study, led by Dr Eric Rimm of the Harvard School of Public Health, is the latest in a series of recent investigations linking high levels of homocysteine with atherosclerotic plaque formation and occlusive vascular disease. The B vitamins are known to be involved in the metabolism of homocysteine.

The researchers analysed data from over 80000 women enrolled in the nurses health study. The women filled out a …