tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re: Late Effects From Radiation Therapy: The Hits Just Keep on Coming
Authors: B. M. P. Aleman, M. L. de Bruin, L. D. A. Dorresteijn, A. D. G. Krol, M. B. van 't Veer, W. Boogerd, F. E. van Leeuwen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

- dality treatment and proven to be safe. We argue below that Longo overestimated the efficacy of chemotherapy alone in the treat - ment of Hodgkin lymphoma while at the same time underestimating the toxicity of this treatment. The possible value of radia - tion for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma was not recognized, whereas its toxicity was overrated. Moreover, Longo's criticism against the use of radiotherapy was based on outdated concepts regarding radiation It is essential to realize that our article involved patients treated in the past with radiation volumes, doses, and techniques that are no longer used. However, the results of our investigation are important to devise risk-reducing strategies for survivors at high risk of late radiation-induced effects and to adapt treatment strategies for future patients that reduce the risks of late effects as much as possible. In conclusion, changes in therapy should be made only in the context of carefully designed clinical trials that evaluate whether the overall efficacy of treatment is main - tained. Treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma should consist of chemotherapy followed by radiation if indicated by patient and tumor characteristics and the patient's response to chemotherapy as evaluated using modern techniques, such as fluorine- 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans. When radiotherapy is applied, volume and dose should be as limited as possible and modern imaging and radiation techniques should be used.
Bouveret's Syndrome
Authors: Stanley G. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1987)

BOUVERET'S syndrome is a rare disease entity manifested by the formation of a cholecystoduodenal or choledochoduodenal fistula with passage of a gallstone into the duodenal bulb and subsequent obstruction of the gastric outlet. Since the first descriptions of this entity by Beaussier in 1770 and Bouveret in 1896,<sup>1,2</sup>more than 60 case reports have appeared in the English literature.<sup>3</sup>Most have demonstrated the classic findings by plain radiography, conventional barium contrast studies, and, more recently, endoscopy.<sup>3-5</sup>To date, no report of this entity using computed tomographic (CT) imaging is available. This article presents a case of Bouveret's syndrome with the classic findings on upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract series and a description of the CT manifestations. The literature is reviewed with discussion of the diagnostic approach to patients with Bouveret's syndrome. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 75-year-old woman presented with a ten-day history of nausea and anorexia and
Association of smoking with improved myocardial perfusion and the angiographic characterization of myocardial tissue perfusion after fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ajay J. Kirtane, Pedro Martinezclark, Aref M. Rahman, Kausik K. Ray, Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, Sabina A. Murphy, Robert P. Giugliano, Christopher P. Cannon, Elliott M. Antman, Matthew T. Roe, Robert A. Harrington, E. Magnus Ohman, Eugene Braunwald, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Neurogenic inflammation in rat trachea is accompanied by increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure.
Authors: K Woie, M E Koller, K J Heyeraas, R K Reed
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The present experiments were performed to investigate whether neurogenic inflammation in rat trachea (with edema formation and protein extravasation when the circulation is intact) induced by electrical field stimulation of neuropeptide-containing C fibers in the vagal nerve is accompanied by increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure (P(if)). Increased negativity of P(if) in the trachea occurs in dextran anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation and facilitates edema formation under these circumstances. Experiments were performed after circulatory arrest had been induced in pentobarbital anesthesia to prevent edema formation, which will raise P(if) and potentially cause underestimation of an increased negativity of P(if). After induction of circulatory arrest, the vagal nerve was isolated and placed in a stimulating electrode. The trachea was then exposed and covered with mineral oil, and measurement of P(if) was started as soon as possible thereafter. P(if) was measured with sharpened glass capillaries (tip diameter, 3 to 7 microns) connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system. P(if) in the control group (n = 12) did not change throughout the observation period. Electrical stimulation of the left vagal nerve caused P(if) to fall in all experiments, from -1.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg in the control condition to an average of -10.6 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (n = 9, P &lt; .01). In some experiments, a continuous recording of P(if) was obtained, showing that the reduction of P(if) started within 30 seconds after onset of stimulation to reach and later remain at a stable level within a few minutes. The experimental protocol was repeated after the C fibers had been nearly depleted of neuropeptides with capsaicin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pancreatic stent insertion should not be a routine procedure after precutting in patients in whom access has failed with both ducts
Authors: R. Rerknimitr
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

I read with great interest the recent Expert Approach paper by Bourke et al. on biliary cannulation technique [1]. The content is very practical and helpful for both young and experienced biliary endoscopists since advice was given on management when varying situations are encountered.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF CELL-BASED VASCULAR REGENERATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA.
Authors: Makoto Kinoshita, Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Rie Baba, Yutaka Furukawa, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Relationships of Active and Passive Smoking to Total IgE in Adults of the Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy (EGEA)
Authors: MARIE-PIERRE ORYSZCZYN, ISABELLA ANNESI-MAESANO, DENIS CHARPIN, EVELYNE PATY, JEAN MACCARIO, FRANCINE KAUFFMANN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The increase of total IgE in relation to active smoking has been shown in the general population, but little is known about subjects with a personal or family history of asthma. The objective of this report is to analyze the relationships of active and passive smoking to total IgE in the Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy (EGEA). The sample studied includes 122 asthmatic probands, 430 first-degree relatives, and 190 control subjects, age 25 to 54 yr. As expected, first-degree relatives had total IgE intermediate between cases and control subjects and men had higher values than women. Current smokers had significantly higher IgE than never smokers. The relationship was statistically significant restricting the analysis in asthmatic probands. In a model taking into account gender, personal and familial history of asthma, socio- occupational class, and the nonindependence of subjects from the same family, IgE were in current smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers 128, 61, and 76 IU/ml and 77, 41, and 55 IU/ml in men (p = 0.01) and women (p = 0.05), respectively. The relation was independent of skin test response. Some increase in IgE was observed in both men and women first-degree relatives in relation to passive smoking. That relation was statistically significant in women only (adjusted for asthma values: 103 IU/ml versus 48 IU/ ml, p = 0.02). Results show that an increase in total IgE in relation to active smoking may be evidenced even in asthmatics despite the healthy smoker effect. Susceptible subjects, such as women who are first-degree relatives of asthmatics, may increase total IgE in relation to passive smoking.
Duplication of Printed Material
Authors: George E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The letter by Dr. Levinger (JAMA175:1020 [March 18] 1961), deploring the duplication of printed material, is meritorious. Physicians themselves cannot escape responsibility for some of this repetitious flood of medical publications. Many local, state, and national medical groups require that manuscripts be submitted whenever lectures are prepared for their meetings. These, in turn, are used to bolster the journals of these groups.In many instances, such requirements lead to multiple publications of the same material. The literature is cluttered, the quality of the journals is lowered, and the author's time is wasted in attempts to present identical material disguised as new findings.As a positive suggestion, I would recommend that many state medical journals be discontinued or amalgamated into regional journals with the quality, one would hope, of the New England Medical Journal. Secondly, I recommend that only selected original papers of various society meetings
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMS)—Better Late Than Never
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The arrival of a new antimicrobial agent is hardly likely to quicken the pulse, unless it represents a new group of compounds, a new mode of action, or a new approach to discovery. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( TMP-SMZ ) fulfills these criteria, even though it is not altogether new. The drug had been used in England for five years before its recent acceptance in the United States.  Unlike most antimicrobial agents, TMP-SMZ was not discovered serendipitously or through an empirical route, wherein practice precedes theory, and understanding follows observation and experience. It was the end result of a logically planned, artfully designed strategy.  The attack centered on the first part of the folic acid metabolic pathway in the bacterial cell. This part— the synthesis of dihydrofolate from p-aminobenzoate, pteridine, and glutamate—is an ideal mark for selectively toxic drugs because it does not exist in the human host. In contradistinction to bacteria, which are impermeable
Effect of a 5-min cold-water immersion recovery on exercise performance in the heat
Authors: J J Peiffer, C R Abbiss, G Watson, K Nosaka, P B Laursen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

This study examined the effect of a 5-min cold-water immersion (14 degrees C) recovery intervention on repeated cycling performance in the heat.10 male cyclists performed two bouts of a 25-min constant-paced (254 (22) W) cycling session followed by a 4-km time trial in hot conditions (35 degrees C, 40% relative humidity). The two bouts were separated by either 15 min of seated recovery in the heat (control) or the same condition with 5-min cold-water immersion (5th-10th minute), using a counterbalanced cross-over design (CP(1)TT(1) --> CWI or CON --> CP(2)TT(2)). Rectal temperature was measured immediately before and after both the constant-paced sessions and 4-km timed trials. Cycling economy and Vo(2) were measured during the constant-paced sessions, and the average power output and completion times were recorded for each time trial.Compared with control, rectal temperature was significantly lower (0.5 (0.4) degrees C) in cold-water immersion before CP(2) until the end of the second 4-km timed trial. However, the increase in rectal temperature (0.5 (0.2) degrees C) during CP(2) was not significantly different between conditions. During the second 4-km timed trial, power output was significantly greater in cold-water immersion (327.9 (55.7) W) compared with control (288.0 (58.8) W), leading to a faster completion time in cold-water immersion (6.1 (0.3) min) compared with control (6.4 (0.5) min). Economy and Vo(2) were not influenced by the cold-water immersion recovery intervention.5-min cold-water immersion recovery significantly lowered rectal temperature and maintained endurance performance during subsequent high-intensity exercise. These data indicate that repeated exercise performance in heat may be improved when a short period of cold-water immersion is applied during the recovery period.
Significance of a Multiple Biomarkers Strategy Including Endothelial Dysfunction to Improve Risk Stratification for Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Toshimitsu Nozaki, Seigo Sugiyama, Hidenobu Koga, Koichi Sugamura, Keisuke Ohba, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Hitoshi Sumida, Kunihiko Matsui, Hideaki Jinnouchi, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Genetic Variability in Pulmonary Physiological, Cellular, and Antibody Responses to Antigen in Mice
Authors: JOANNE P. BREWER, ALISON B. KISSELGOF, THOMAS R. MARTIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Wide differences among inbred mouse strains in susceptibility to develop components of asthmalike pulmonary changes would provide insights into the nature of the relationships among those components and set the stage for genetic approaches to their etiology. We therefore examined pulmonary pathophysiological and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E responses in mice of 12 inbred strains sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) and repeatedly exposed to aerosolized OVA. One day after the last OVA exposure the intravenous methacholine (MCh) dose required to reduce lung conductance by 50% (ED50Gl) in OVA-sensitized and exposed mice was reduced by 0 to 2.7-fold, compared with sham-sensitized mice, depending on the strain. In OVA-sensitized mice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophils comprised from 3.3 ± 3.1 (SD) to 91.2 ± 5.0% of BAL cells and eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation varied from being nondetectable to widespread and severe. OVA-specific IgE concentrations ranged from less than 3 ng/ml to 455 ng/ml in different strains. Shifts in responsiveness correlated significantly with pulmonary eosinophilia among strains (r > 0.70, p < 0.001) but not with antigen-specific IgE levels (r = 0.55, p = 0.056). These results demonstrate that allergen- induced enhancement of cholinergic responsiveness, pulmonary eosinophil influx, and elevations of serum antigen-specific IgE levels are each genetically determined and are not always associated.
A new, effective and high-yield approach for identifying liver tumor suppressors
Authors: Esra Olgun, Lewis R Roberts
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

Despite recent advances in research in hepatocarcinogenesis, we still lack a comprehensive view of the major pathways involved in liver carcinogenesis. Current concepts suggest that a limited number of molecular alterations involving oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition are responsible for initiation of cancer. A recent publication by Zender et al. utilizes a combination of high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization, short hairpin RNA inhibition of target genes at the locations of focal genomic deletions, and a primed cell mosaic mouse model to identify novel tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma. This exciting new model promises to provide additional insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Genetic Variants in Apoptosis and Immunoregulation-Related Genes Are Associated with Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Anna Enjuanes, Yolanda Benavente, Francesc Bosch, Idoia Martín-Guerrero, Dolors Colomer, Susana Pérez-Álvarez, Oscar Reina, Maria T. Ardanaz, Pedro Jares, Africa García-Orad, Miguel A. Pujana, Emili Montserrat, Silvia de Sanjosé, Elias Campo
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract To identify low-penetrance susceptibility alleles for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we performed a case-control study genotyping 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 692 cases of CLL and 738 controls. We investigated nonsynonymous SNPs, SNPs with potential functional effect, and tag SNPs in regulatory gene regions in a total of 172 genes involved in cancer biology. After adjustment for multiple testing, we found a strong association between CLL risk and six genetic variants: CCNH (rs2266690, V270A), APAF1 (rs17028658, 3′region), IL16 (rs4505265, first intron), CASP8 (rs1045485, D302H), NOS2A (rs2779251, promoter), and CCR7 (rs3136687, intron 1). We found association with CLL susceptibility and 22 haplotypes in APAF1, IL6, TNFRSF13B, IL16, CASP3, CCR7, LTA/TNF, BAX, BCL2, CXCL12, CASP10/CASP8, CASP1, CCL2, BAK1, and IL1A candidate genes. Finally, we evaluated using public data sets the potential functional effect on gene expression levels of the CLL associated genetic variants detected in regulatory regions. Minor alleles for APAF1 and IL16 were associated with lower mRNA levels; no expression differences were observed for CCR7, whereas NOS2A could not be assessed. This study suggests that common genetic variation in apoptosis- and immunoregulation-related genes is associated with the CLL risk. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10178–86]
Sensitivity and Reproducibility of Guaiac, Hematest, and Hemoccult Test for Fecal Occult Blood.
Authors: J. Donald Ostrow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Sensitivity and Reproducibility of Guaiac, Hematest, and Hemoccult Test for Fecal Occult Blood.J. Donald Ostrow, M.D., F.A.C.P., Carl A. Mulvansy, M.D., John R. Hansell, M.D.J. Donald Ostrow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Carl A. Mulvansy, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John R. Hansell, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-860_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThree chemical tests for fecal occult blood were compared on stools collected from 20 healthy, nonbleeding volunteers, beforeand after intragastric instillation of51Cr-labeled red cells ("blood"). Subjects maintained a meat-free diet for 5 days before and 7 days after51Cr RBC were given. Well-counting of fecal radioactivity provided an accurate measurement of fecal hemoglobin content against which to gauge the chemical tests. Reproducibility was determined by having two experienced observers independently perform each test on the same stool specimens on the same day and by retesting each stool after storage at 4°C for 5 to 8 days. The results... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROUTINE TESTING OF NEWBORN STOOLS FOR OCCULT BLOOD AND REDUCING SUBSTANCESGASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOODOccult-Blood Screening for Colorectal Carcinoma: The BenefitsEVALUATION OF AN IMMUNOLOGICAL TEST FOR OCCULT BLEEDING FROM COLORECTAL NEOPLASIAThe prevention of colon cancerHemoccult detection of fecal occult blood quantitated by radioassayZur Wertigkeit der Guajakprobe bei der Früherkennung von Tumoren des VerdauungstraktesSensitivity and reproducibility of chemical tests for fecal occult blood with an emphasis on false-positive reactions 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 860-861KeywordsBlood cellsCellsDietHematologic testsHemoglobinRed blood cellsReproducibility Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hardliners and liberals unite on drugs policy
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Colleges call for safe drink limits to stay Limits for safe drinking should not be relaxed, said a working party from three royal medical colleges in Britain this week.They warn that people ought not to be encouraged to drink more alcohol to protect them from heart disease because this would increase their risk of dying of other causes.The colleges first brought out their safe limits in 1987.These were defined as 21 units a week for men and 14 units for women.A unit contains 8 g of alcohol and is equivalent to half a pint of beer or a glass of wine.
Measurement of the quadriceps femoris muscle using magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging.
Authors: J M Walton, N Roberts, G H Whitehouse
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

To define a method for measurement of the cross sectional area and volume of the quadriceps femoris muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with stereology, and to compare the results of measurements obtained by the MRI method with those obtained by the conventional method of static B-mode ultrasound in order to evaluate whether MRI is a reliable alternative to ultrasound.A preliminary MRI study was undertaken on a single female volunteer in order to optimise the scanning technique and sampling design for estimating the muscle volume using the Cavalieri method. Ten healthy volunteers participated in the method comparison study. Each volunteer underwent static B-mode ultrasonography, immediately followed by MRI. The cross sectional area of the quadriceps femoris was estimated at the junction of the proximal one third and distal two thirds of the thigh, and seven systematic sections of the thigh were obtained in order to estimate muscle volume by both modalities.Seven sections through the muscle are required to achieve a coefficient of error of 4-5%. There was no significant difference in the cross sectional area estimates or volume estimates when ultrasound and MRI were compared.Muscle cross sectional area and volume can be measured without bias by MRI in conjunction with stereological methods and the method is a reliable alternative to static B-mode ultrasound for this purpose.
Prolonged Impairment of Regional Contractile Function After Resolution of Exercise-Induced Angina
Authors: Giuseppe Ambrosio, Sandro Betocchi, Leonardo Pace, Maria Angela Losi, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Andrea Soricelli, Federico Piscione, Jean Taube, Fiorenzo Squame, Marco Salvatore, James L. Weiss, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Delayed recovery of contractile function in spite of normal perfusion (ie, "stunning") has been described in animal models of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Therefore, we investigated whether stunning may result from effort angina in patients.Patients with coronary artery disease underwent exercise testing combined with quantitative measurements of contractile function for up to 240 minutes after exercise determined by either measurement of regional ejection fraction (99mTc radionuclide angiography; n = 17, group A) or computer-assisted measurement of systolic wall thickening (n = 14, group B). In the latter group, myocardial perfusion was also evaluated by 99mTc-sestamibi tomographic imaging. Angina induced marked contractile dysfunction. Hemodynamic and ECG changes brought about by ischemia were promptly normalized. Furthermore, no perfusion defects could be detected in group B patients 30 minutes after exercise, yet contractile function remained impaired well after cessation of exercise. Thirty minutes into recovery, regional ejection fraction of previously ischemic areas was still 82.6 +/- 4.6% of baseline in group A (P < .05). Similarly, in group B patients, systolic thickening of previously ischemic segments was still significantly impaired 60 minutes after exercise, averaging 33.8 +/- 2.8% versus 40.5 +/- 2.7% at baseline (P < .05). Contractile impairment was fully reversible, as the functioning of previously ischemic segments normalized between 60 and 120 minutes of recovery.Prolonged yet ultimately reversible impairment of regional myocardial function may occur in patients after exercise-induced angina in the absence of perfusion abnormalities. These findings indicate that myocardial stunning may ensue after effort angina in patients with severe coronary artery disease.