tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Acute Mechanical Benefit From VDD Pacing in Hypertrophied Heart
Authors: Peter H. Pak, W. Lowell Maughan, Kenneth L. Baughman, Robert S. Kieval, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Dual-chamber pacing can improve symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that pacing generates discoordinate contraction and a rightward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) and that benefits from this mechanism do not depend on the presence of resting outflow pressure gradients or obstruction. Methods and Results —Eleven patients with NYHA class III symptoms, 5 with HCM, and 6 with hypertensive hypertrophy and cavity obliteration, were studied by invasive conductance catheter methods. No patient had coronary artery or primary valvular disease. Pressure-volume relations were recorded before and during VDD pacing by use of a short (75-millisecond) PR interval to achieve preexcitation. Left ventricular cavity pressure was simultaneously recorded at basal and apical sites, with pressure at the basal site used to generate the ESPVRs. VDD pacing shifted the ESPVR rightward, increasing end-systolic volume by 45% (range, 17% to 151%; P =0.002). Resting and provokable gradients declined by 20% (range, −56% to +3%) and 30% (range, −65% to −12%), respectively ( P &lt;0.05). Preload declined by 3% to 10% because of the short PR interval. Preload-corrected contractility indexes and myocardial workload declined by ≈10% ( P &lt;0.001). Diastolic compliance and relaxation time were unchanged. Pacing made apical pressure-volume loops discoordinate, limiting cavity obliteration and reducing distal systolic pressures. Results in both patient groups were similar. Conclusions —VDD pacing shifts the ESPVR rightward in HCM patients with cavity obliteration with or without obstruction, increasing end-systolic volumes and reducing apical cavity compression and cardiac work. These effects likely contribute to reduced metabolic demand and improved symptoms.
The TCF-1 and LEF-1 Transcription Factors Have Cooperative and Opposing Roles in T Cell Development and Malignancy
Authors: Shuyang Yu, Xinyuan Zhou, Farrah C. Steinke, Chengyu Liu, Shann-Ching Chen, Oksana Zagorodna, Xuefang Jing, Yoshifumi Yokota, David K. Meyerholz, Charles G. Mullighan, C. Michael Knudson, Dong-Mei Zhao, Hai-Hui Xue
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Therapy-Associated Polyposis as a Late Sequela of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Matthew B. Yurgelun, Jason L. Hornick, Victoriana K. Curry, Chinedu I. Ukaegbu, Emily K. Brown, Elaine Hiller, Anu Chittenden, Joel E. Goldberg, Sapna Syngal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
A comparison of bedside B-type natriuretic peptide versus echocardiographic determination of ejection fraction in the diagnosis of heart failure
Authors: Philippe Gabriel Steg, Phillippe Duc, Laurence Joubin, James McCord, William T. Abraham, Judd E. Hollander, Torbjorn Omland, Gabriel Baron, Marie-Claude Aumont, France Mentré, Peter A. McCullough, Alan S. Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prognosis in coronary artery disease. Angiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical factors.
Authors: G W Burggraf, J O Parker
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Evaluation of the results of surgery for coronary artery disease requires a knowledge of the clinical course of patients not having this mode of treatment. To obtain such information we performed a retrospective analysis of the fate of 266 patients with arteriographically documented significant stenosis following from one to ten years. For the entire group the five year survival was 73%. Subdivided into single, double or triple vessel disease categories the percent five year survival rates were respectively 92, 65 and 55. A history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction prior to angiography did not affect survival. However, hypertension, congestive heart failure, abnormal hemodynamics or left ventricular asynergy were all associated with a diminished five year survival, the values being respectively 61%, 38%, 62% and 58%. These results should be of VALUE IN ASSESSING THE PROGNOSIS OF NONSURGICALLY TREATED PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.
ACIDOSIS IN SHOCK
Authors: W. S. McELLROY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

At the suggestion of the National Research Council, extensive investigations on shock have been undertaken. Numerous theories have been offered as to the cause of the condition termed "shock." One attributes the condition to acidosis, and sodium bicarbonate has been suggested in the treatment. In connection with observations on shock carried on in this laboratory, a preliminary report of which has been published,<sup>1</sup>studies on the acidosis factor were undertaken. The results of these observations form the context of this report. <h3>METHODS OF EXPERIMENTATION</h3> The method of producing shock and judging of the condition has been described in a previous report.<sup>1</sup>Essentially, they comprise prolonged strong rhythmic stimulation of the afferent nerves of dogs, under ether anesthesia. Under such circumstances the time required to establish the condition varied greatly in different animals. When necessary, the onset of the condition was hastened by other means, such as exposure and
NEUTRALIZING AND COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODY PRODUCTION AND RESISTANCE FOLLOWING VACCINATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ENCEPHALITIS INFECTIONS
Authors: J. Casals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

In mice vaccinated subcutaneously with different doses of virulent W.E.E. virus or with formolized vaccine, neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies paralleled resistance to some extent yet appeared in groups in which resistance remained undetectable, persisted at a similar maximum level in spite of different titers of resistance, and after resistance had become negligible. In mice vaccinated subcutaneously with different doses of virulent St. Louis encephalitis virus or with formolized vaccine, neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies bore little relation to resistance. Neutralizing antibodies appeared only in the group showing resistance but not until resistance was diminishing. Complement-fixing antibodies developed equally well in groups with or without resistance.
Optimal use of methotrexate: the advantages of tight control
Authors: J W J Bijlsma, M E Weinblatt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

The CAMERA study shows that using methotrexate in a tight control setting might lead to considerable improvement in disease activity in early rheumatoid arthritisSee linked article p 1443 The outlook for patients who are in 2007 newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis has improved dramatically.1 Important elements in this improvement are: (1) the concept of a "window of opportunity": treat early and treat effectively;2 (2) early use of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs);3 (3) combination treatment, including glucocorticoids;4 5 (4) the use of biologicals;6 and (5) optimising therapy to the individual patient. The CAMERA study reported in this issue by the Utrecht group See pages 1443 deals with this last item: optimising therapy to the individual patient.7 In this randomised controlled trial the drug treatment given to patients with early rheumatoid arthritis was the same in both groups, but the frequency and tightness of control were different. This report has some important messages that merit further comment: 1. The goal of tight control is feasible with the anchor drug methotrexate in a much larger proportion of patients than previously thought. 2. Using the same drug, but seeing the patient more often, and thus being able to adjust that specific drug more often, is much more efficacious then seeing the patient less frequently. 3. In a busy practice, tight control, aided by a computer-assisted protocol, is feasible. There is, as yet, no definition of "tight control" in rheumatoid arthritis. Elements of tight control are:
Comparison of academic performance of twins and singletons in adolescence: follow-up study
Authors: Kaare Christensen, Inge Petersen, Axel Skytthe, Anne Maria Herskind, Matt McGue, Paul Bingley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether twins in recent cohorts show similar academic performance in adolescence to singletons and to test the effect of birth weight on academic performance in twins and singletons. <b>Design</b> Follow-up study. <b>Setting</b> Denmark. <b>Participants</b> All twins (n=3411) and a 5% random sample of singletons (n=7796) born in Denmark during 1986-8. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Test scores in ninth grade (age 15 or 16), birth weight, gestational age at birth, parents9 age, and parents9 education. <b>Results</b> Ninth grade test scores were normally distributed, with almost identical mean and standard deviations for twins and singletons (8.02 <i>v </i>8.02 and 1.05 <i>v</i> 1.06) despite the twins weighing on average 908 g (95% confidence interval 886 to 930 g) less than the singletons at birth. Controlling for birth weight, gestational age at birth, age at test, and parents9 age and education confirmed the similarity of test scores for twins and singletons (difference 0.04, 95% confidence interval −0.03 to 0.10). A significant, positive association between test score and birth weight was observed in both twins and singletons, but the size of the effect was small: 0.06-0.12 standard deviations for every kilogram increase in birth weight. <b>Conclusions</b> Although older cohorts of twins have been found to have lower mean IQ scores than singletons, twins in recent Danish cohorts show similar academic performance in adolescence to that of singletons. Birth weight has a minimal effect on academic performance in recent cohorts; for twins this effect is best judged relative to what is a normal birth weight for twins and not for singletons.
The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress
Authors: Atsuko Nakai, Osamu Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Takeda, Yoshiharu Higuchi, Shungo Hikoso, Masayuki Taniike, Shigemiki Omiya, Isamu Mizote, Yasushi Matsumura, Michio Asahi, Kazuhiko Nishida, Masatsugu Hori, Noboru Mizushima, Kinya Otsu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Photoangioplasty for Human Peripheral Atherosclerosis
Authors: Stanley G. Rockson, Paul Kramer, Mahmood Razavi, Andrzej Szuba, Steven Filardo, Peter Fitzgerald, John P. Cooke, Shuja Yousuf, Arthur R. DeVault, Markus F. Renschler, Daniel C. Adelman
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —In photoangioplasty, light activation of a photosensitive drug offers the potential for treatment of long segments of vascular disease. This is a brief description of a study designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a new photosensitizer, Antrin (motexafin lutetium), in the endovascular treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —An open-label, single-dose, escalating drug- and light-dose study was performed in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial insufficiency. Clinical evaluation, serial quantitative angiography, and intravascular ultrasonography were performed. Therapy was well tolerated, and only minor side effects were observed. Treatment produced no deleterious vascular effects. Although this study was not designed to examine clinical efficacy, several secondary end points suggested a favorable therapeutic effect. Conclusions —This phase I study demonstrates that photoangioplasty with motexafin lutetium is well tolerated and safe. Preliminary efficacy data suggest a future role for the treatment of flow-limiting atherosclerosis.
Expansion of Medical Professional Services with Nonprofessional Personnel
Authors: Charles L. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT IS A COMMON belief that there is a need for more medical professional help in many hospitals. Contributing to this situation are the facts that the population of the country is growing, that new hospital beds are being provided every year, that the number of admissions to the same bed capacity is on the increase, and thatthe number of procedures per patient is growing in kind and quantity. It would appear, therefore, that the attending physician would be required to spend more and more of his time in the hospital, thereby limiting the time he would be able to devote to the community in home or office practice, unless he could devise methods for representing himself at the hospital. Some of the methods now in use are herewith listed: More medical students are being educated, and more internes and residents are being provided. This, the subject of the
Grenzen des Normalen und Anfänge des Pathologischen im Röntgenbild des Skelets
Authors: Richard Schatzki
Journal: JAMA (1968)

First published in 1910, the "Alban Köhler" is probably the radiological work with the longest survival time. This 11th edition follows the tenth German edition after a gap of 11 years. The bulk of the work and its arrangement have remained unchanged. Many additions, however, have been made to text and illustrations based on the literature of the last 11 years (1,899 illustrations compared to the 1,300 illustrations of the English edition). A new introductory chapter of 50 pages has been added. It discusses approximately 70 bone lesions schematically and illustrates them by sketches. This chapter has the advantages and disadvantages of most schematic outlines. It gives the beginner the possibility of comparing rapidly the basic appearance of various lesions. It acts as a reminder of such conditions to the experienced. By necessity, however, it is dogmatic and incomplete and may, therefore, be misleading. This book continues to be what
The X Ray in Quackery.
Authors: Gustavus M. Blech
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the issue of March 2, there was published an interesting editorial headed: "The<i>X</i>-ray in Quackery," which was quite prophetic. Here is the essence of a letter sent me by an upright, intelligent physician from Iowa, which explains itself: "Within a few miles from my office lives a priest-physician who claims to have an improved<i>x</i>-ray machine by means of which he told a patient that he had an attack of cystitis, and another that he had a cancer in the stomach and that a few nodules had developed within the last ten days, etc." The physician, who is anxious to do good work and desired to secure the best apparatus to become as perfect a diagnostician as possible, consulted me concerning the possibilities of the<i>x</i>-ray. It is scarcely necessary to inform you that I denounced the priest as a quack and
ADDRESS OF WELCOME TO DELEGATES FROM THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION.
Authors: WARREN B. HILL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Gentlemen of the American Pharmaceutical Association:</h3> —We feel honored by your presence here today. The significance of the meeting of the representatives of the two great professions or, rather, the two branches of the one great profession of medicine, is well worthy of consideration. Thoughtless men little realize how closely the professions of pharmacy and medicine are bound together, how dependent the one is upon the other, and yet how seldom we come together for our common weal. There is a tendency toward estrangement rather than that cooperation which should exist between the two, and the only way to overcome this estrangement is by coming together and cementing our friendship with united work. The pharmacist is the right hand supporter of the doctor. He is especially fitted for his part of the work, and without his support, the doctor would indeed be in a sorry plight. The perfection of our
Narrative based medicine: Narrative in medical ethics
Authors: A. H. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The "modified host protein" model of scrapie proposes that the transmissible agent is composed of the degradation-resistant protein, Sp33–37, and that clinical and pathologic signs result from neurotoxic accumulations of this protein. Sp33–37 is an abnormal, amyloidogenic isoform of the normally occurring cellular protein Cp33–37. This study investigated the tissue distribution of Cp33–37 in hamster. In brain, Cp33–37 was most concentrated in the hippocampal formation. Immunohistochemical studies localized Cp33–37 to neurons and surrounding neuropil in hippocampus; septal, caudate, and thalamic nuclei; dorsal root ganglia cells; and large-diameter dorsal root axons. In non-neuronal hamster tissues, Cp33–37 was detected in circulating leukocytes, heart, skeletal muscle, lung, intestinal tract, spleen, testis, ovary, and some other organs. The presence of Cp33–37 in extracerebral tissues indicates that its function is not unique to brain. These results indicate that the molecular substrate for the production of Sp33–37, the scrapie agent, and scrapie amyloid is present in a variety of cerebral and extracerebral sites.
SOME FORMS OF GANGRENE AND THEIR TREATMENT.
Authors: J. S. NOWLIN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Gangrene means death of a part, and by common consent is technically applied to the soft tissues, including the fluids. The blood is always involved in this disease, and there can be no death of a part while it is performing its function. With this thought kept before us, that there is no local death where the blood is performing its function, we may inquire into the conditions which result in gangrene. External violence may crush the tissues, to the extent that circulation is thereby arrested. The channels for the blood-current being destroyed, it is impossible for it to yield its life-giving force, and the part must necessarily die. So long as the arteries and their capillary system are at all intact, life may continue and the injury be repaired. The same may be produced by the extremes of heat and cold, burning and freezing; the tissues being destroyed, the
Book Review Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (Progress in Respiratory Research. Vol. 36.) Edited by Ulrich Costabel, Roland M. du Bois, and Jim J. Egan. 348 pp., illustrated. Basel, Switzerland, Karger, 2007. $230. 978-3-8055-8153-0
Authors: Patricia W. Finn, Nick H. Kim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
The Medical Student Pays for His Education: Income Contingent Loans
Authors: David R. Challoner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Cost of Medical Educational and Its SourcesLike that of everything else, the cost of educating physicians is rising. The cost allocation methodologies are currently being re-evaluated and improved, and new cost figures being developed by both the Institute of Medicine and the Association of American Medical Colleges. The latter's study places the cost per medical student in the range of $16,000 to $26,000 per year.1 These costs have been variously financed by the student, state and federal governments, and the private sector. The last has not kept proportionate pace with rising costs and now comprises only 3 per cent . . .
933. Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Secretable Trimeric TRAIL Enhances Apoptosis and Improves Survival Compared with Conventional Chemotherapy for Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Moonsup Jeong, In-Ho Kwon, Yong-Sam Kwon, Min-Tae Park, Chae-Young Kim, Sue-Hyung Kang, Kang-Won Song, Yong Ko, Dai-Wu Seol, Paul D. Robbins, Byong-Moon Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Treatment of malignant gliomas is still a significant clinical challenge. The conventional therapies for malignant gliomas yield a median survival of only 9 months. TRAIL is a novel therapeutic candidate for treating a wide variety of cancer. In particular, a secreted, soluble trimeric TRAIL (stTRAIL) easily disseminates to nearby cancer cells and induces more extensive induction of apoptosis than that of full length transmembrane TRAIL. In this study, we compared tumor suppressive activity of adenovirus mediated delivery of stTRAIL (Ad-stTRAIL) with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) treatment, the conventional therapy for malignant glioma. Treatment with either Ad-stTRAIL or BCNU alone induced tumor-killing effects in several malignant glioma cell lines. Furthermore, the combination of Ad-stTRAIL and BCNU had a synergistic effect in vitro. To examine the effects of stTRAIL and BCNU in vivo, a disease animal model was used where U87-MG cells were injected into the brain of nude mice. The median survival of xenografted mice was 40 days. The intratumoral treatment with Ad-stTRAIL produced a significantly increase in survival compared with BCNU. MR imaging allowed the precise localization of tumors in brain and showed the established tumors were suppressed more significantly with Ad-stTRAIL treatment group than with BCNU. In situ TRAIL immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining showed the regression of Ad-stTRAIL treated tumor mass was due to the apoptotic cell death induced by expressed stTRAIL from Ad- stTRAIL. Our results suggest that Ad-stTRAIL treatment is a promising alternative therapy for malignant glioma as compared with conventional brain tumor therapy.
Discordant Radioaerosol/Radioperfusion in Drug-Induced Maternal Pulmonary Edema
Authors: JAMES SYLVESTER, ROGELIO T. FUENTES, RICHARD A. HOLMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A case of pulmonary edema in a 34-year-old pregnant woman on corticosteroids and beta adrenergics yielded an unusual radioaerosol/radioperfusion lung image. The image showed normal perfusion but multiple bilateral penetration defects on the radioaerosol study. Factors contributing to this unique pattern include the combined action of corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists, local airway irritation caused by the drying effect of nebulized oxygen, sepsis, or a combination of these factors.
A Randomized Study of How Physicians Interpret Research Funding Disclosures
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, Christopher T. Robertson, Jessica A. Myers, Susannah L. Rose, Victoria Gillet, Kathryn M. Ross, Robert J. Glynn, Steven Joffe, Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The effects of clinical-trial funding on the interpretation of trial results are poorly understood. We examined how such support affects physicians' reactions to trials with a high, medium, or low level of methodologic rigor.