tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of ventriculovascular coupling in cardiac response to increased contractility in closed-chest dogs.
Authors: G L Freeman, J T Colston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

While both dobutamine and pacing tachycardia augment left ventricular (LV) contractility, whether overall cardiovascular response to these stimuli is comparable is not known. To address this question we studied seven dogs previously instrumented with three LV diameter gauges and LV pressure manometers. After ganglionic blockade and sedation, caval occlusions were performed at heart rates of 120, 160, and 200 bpm before (C), and 160 and 200 bpm after administration of 10 micrograms/kg per min dobutamine, i.v. (D). The effective arterial elastance (Ea) went up from 14.2 +/- 4.5 mmHg/ml at C120 to 19.6 +/- 8.8 (P less than 0.025 vs C120) and 24.2 +/- 10.4 (P less than 0.001 vs C120) mmHg/ml at C160 and C200. Ees, the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation, increased with pacing from 9.7 +/- 4.6 to 11.7 +/- 4.3 (P less than 0.02), and 13.2 +/- 5.7 (P less than 0.02) mmHg/ml at 160 and 200 bpm. With dobutamine infusion Ea went down, and Ees was further increased to 37.0 +/- 20.9 mmHg/ml at 160 bpm (P less than 0.002 vs C160), and 53.0 +/- 22.6 mmHg/ml at 200 bpm (P less than 0.002 vs C200). Comparison of stroke work and pressure-volume area from single beats with matched LV end-diastolic volumes showed that these were both increased by dobutamine, but not by pacing tachycardia. While increased heart rate after dobutamine markedly increased contractility, Ea was not changed, and neither stroke work nor pressure-volume was further increased. Thus, how well an increase in contractility is transmitted to the periphery is determined in part by arterial behavior. Assessment of both the arterial system and cardiac contractility is necessary to fully evaluate the overall impact of an inotropic stimulus.
QUANTITATIVE EMISSION CARDIAC TOMOGRAPHY WITH A ROTATING DUAL SLANT COLLIMATOR
Authors: Michael A. Cawthon, Michael F. Hartshorne, Stephen R. Bunker, Robert D. Karl, William H. Howard, John C. Lasher
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Cawthon, Michael A.; Hartshorne, Michael F.; Bunker, Stephen R.; Karl, Robert D. Jr.; Howard, William H. III; Lasher, John C.Author Information
CONSIDERATIONS OF THE UTILITY OF A DRUG (MEPAZINE) IN A THERAPEUTIC MILIEU
Authors: F. H. DAVIS, WILLIAM S. WIEDORN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

The occurrence of changes in association with the administration of mepazine (Pacatal) to 101 schizophrenic inpatients has been studied. These patients were functioning in the community prior to their admission. Changes considered as improvement within the ward milieu during the period of drug administration occurred in association with effects of the drug in 25 patients. Thirty-four patients experienced improvement in their interpersonal transactions in the ward milieu in the absence of association with drug effects. A somewhat consistent group of interpersonal changes appeared in some patients in association with the drug effects. These data suggest further study of the interpersonal effects, problems and usefulness of these behaviors. The effects associated with the drug offered utility in some of the patients in the therapeutic milieu of the psychiatric unit studied.
NT-32 * TISSUE ABLATION DYNAMICS DURING MAGNETIC RESONANCE-GUIDED LASER INDUCED THERMAL THERAPY FOR INTRACRANIAL TUMORS
Authors: X. Sun, N. Patel, S. Danish
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Magnetic Resonance-guided Laser Induced Thermal Therapy (MRgLITT) is a minimally-invasive procedure used in the treatment of intracranial tumors, epilepsy and pain. Thermal damage is estimated using real-time MR thermometry but little is known about the dynamics of the process and how various intracranial tumors affect overall ablation. OBJECTIVES: Determine the relationship between thermal energy delivery and the time to maximal estimated thermal damage in the setting of previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), recurrent GBM, and metastatic tumors or radiation necrosis. We aim to understand whether differences exist between these intracranial malignancies and how the ablation process is affected. METHODS: We used real-time ablation data from 24 patients across five unique intracranial pathologies. Ablations were performed using the Visualase Thermal Therapy System (Visulase Inc.) using a 980-nm diffusing tip diode laser. Thermal damage area was plotted against time for each ablation. Subsequently, the duration required to reach 50% (t50) and 97% (t97) of maximum damage was estimated. Comparisons were then made between different intracranial pathologies. RESULTS: The average (mean ± SEM) t97 for previously untreated GBM (n = 7) recurrent GBM (n = 6) and tumor metastasis/radiation necrosis (n = 7) are 167 ± 18, 165 ± 22, 97 ± 22 seconds, respectively. The mean t97 is significantly shorter for tumor metastasis/radiation necrosis when compared with previously untreated GBM (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While optimal duration of thermal ablation varies between intracranial tumors, we found that metastatic tumor/radiation necrosis requires significantly shorter duration of ablation. In most cases, maximal ablation was reached long before the industry recommended ablation time. Understanding the duration required to reach maximal ablation may reduce thermal exposure times during the ablation process. Future studies are needed to examine the relationship between ablation power, irrigation speed, and the effect of prior therapies on the ablation dynamics.
Prospective study of physical activity and the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men.
Authors: W H Aldoori, E L Giovannucci, E B Rimm, A Ascherio, M J Stampfer, G A Colditz, A L Wing, D V Trichopoulos, W C Willett
Journal: Gut (1995)

The relationship between physical activity and risk of symptomatic diverticular disease has not been investigated directly. This association was examined in a prospective cohort of 47,678 American men, 40 to 75 years of age, and free of diagnosed diverticular disease, colon or rectal polyp, ulcerative colitis, and cancer before 1988. During four years of follow up, 382 newly diagnosed cases of symptomatic diverticular disease were documented. After adjustment for age, energy adjusted dietary fibre, and energy adjusted total fat, overall physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of symptomatic diverticular disease (for highest versus lowest extremes, relative risk (RR) = 0.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45, 0.88). Most of the inverse association was attributable to vigorous activity, for extreme categories RR = 0.60 (95% CI 0.41, 0.87). For activity that was not vigorous the RR was 0.93 (95% CI 0.67, 1.69). Several specific activities were inversely associated with the risk of diverticular disease, but jogging and running combined was the only individual activity that was statistically significant (p for trend = 0.03). For men in the lowest quintile for dietary fibre intake and total physical activity (compared with those in the opposite extreme), the RR was 2.56 (95% CI 1.36, 4.82). Physical activity, along with a high fibre diet, may be an important factor in the prevention of symptomatic diverticular disease.
Mortality and causes of death in 398 patients admitted to hospital with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: K Lehtinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

The mortality and causes of death in 398 patients (47 women, 351 men) with definite ankylosing spondylitis, admitted to hospital for the first time between 1961 and 1969, were investigated. The mean age at first admission was 36.5 years (SD 11.8). After a mean follow up time of 25.7 years, a total of 152 patients (12 women, 140 men) had died. The expected mortality based on the mortality statistics of the general population of the same sex and age was 103.1 (9.4 women and 93.7 men). Thus the overall mortality of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis was 1.5 times that expected. Those patients who had died were significantly older, had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and more inflamed peripheral joints when first seen than the surviving patients. The main difference between the observed and expected causes of death was the high incidence of deaths from ankylosing spondylitis, which was the underlying cause of death in 27 patients. The mechanism of death in these patients was secondary amyloidosis in 19, cardiovascular complications in six, fracture of the spine in one, and it was not known in one patient. Excess deaths due to circulatory, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, and violence were also observed.
Proposed bill to reform UK libel law includes defence of public interest
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A1 BMJ

A private members’ bill to amend English defamation law published on 27 May proposes new rights for defendants who acted responsibly and when publication is deemed a matter of public interest. The current libel law has been accused of “chilling” scientific debate and legitimate free expression because of the risk of being sued. 

Although the coalition Conservative-Liberal Democrat government has promised to review libel laws, the matter was not explicitly mentioned in the Queen’s speech, and the bill may not receive parliamentary time.

The bill was proposed by the Liberal Democrat …
Where do all the tablets go in 1986?
Authors: R C Spiller
Journal: Gut (1986)

Leading articleWhere do all the tablets go in 1986?The surprising answer to this question is that our knowledge of the gastrointestinal transit of commonly prescribed drugs is remarkably patchy.As I will seek to show, however, techniques which allow a detailed description of the gastrointestinal transit, dispersion and dissolution of orally presented drugs now exist.Studies in this area are becoming increasingly important as pharmaceutical scientists develop ever more complex controlled -release formulations.Transit of these drug delivery systems through the gut has until recently been relatively unexplored with, as we shall see, sometimes lethal consequences.Many drugs are dispensed as liquids, suspensions or rapidly dispersing tablets and their gastrointestinal transit is rarely problematic because liquids and suspensions usually pass rapidly from the mouth to the small intestine, which is where most drugs are absorbed.Pharmaceutical scientists have, however, become increasingly interested in developing solid oral sustained release formulations aiming to provide the convenience of once daily dosage without toxic effects.Various methods have been used' such as coating the drug with insoluble semi-permeable membrane, incorporating it into a variety of slowly eroding matrices for example, waxes, plastics,2 or mixing it with a hydrophilic matrix -for example, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, which on contact with water forms a gellike coating to act as a diffusion barrier to the subsequent release of drug.3Another approach is the osmotic pump, in which water diffuses through a semi-permeable membrane and dissolves the drug and an osmotic agent contained in the core of the capsule, the resulting solution then being on July 12,
CORONARY PLAQUE CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: COMPARISON TO THOSE WITH DIABETES AND WITH NORMAL GLYCEMIA: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Taishi Yonetsu, Koji Kato, Soo-Joong Kim, Lei Xing, Robert Yeh, Rahul Sakhuja, Iris McMulty, Hang Lee, Shaosong Zhang, Shiro Uemura, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Interannual Variation of the Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis
Authors: Bettylou Sherry
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to define the annual age-specific incidence of<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b meningitis for birth to 5-year-old residents of King County, Washington, from January 1977 through December 1986. We found naturally occurring wide interannual variations in incidence. The standard deviations of the age-specific incidence during the eight years before the introduction of<i>H influenzae</i>vaccine varied from 26% to 115% of the mean. If short-term changes in incidence were used to assess the efficacy of an<i>H influenzae</i>vaccine (which is &lt;100% efficacious and not administered to all susceptible children), the conclusions could be erroneous. To avoid this bias, long-term cohort studies, case/control studies using concurrent controls, or large clinical trials are better choices. We found no significant change in overall incidence during the ten-year study period. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1924-1929)
Quantitative Estimation of Urinary Sediment, with Special Regard to Sources of Error
Authors: H. Gadeholt
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In 1959 Pears and Houghton observed that the pyrogenic agent pyrexal increased the urinary excretion of leucocytes in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. This observation has been used as a diagnostic test in pyelonephritis. Montgomerie and North (1963), however, found a wide spontaneous variation in the white-cell excretion in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and never encountered the steady rates of excretion noted by Pears and Houghton (1959). They thought that the test was not reliable enough to be of value in the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis. The test is based on exact counting of the cells in the urine, and knowledge of the errors involved in this procedure is therefore of great importance. The present study was carried out in order to correct some of the errors connected with quantitative estimation of urinary sediment.
Clinical versus laboratory detection of alcohol abuse: the alcohol clinical index.
Authors: H A Skinner, S Holt, W J Sheu, Y Israel
Journal: BMJ (1986)

To determine reliable indicators of alcohol abuse a comprehensive set of clinical and laboratory information was acquired from three groups of subjects with a wide range of drinking histories: 131 outpatients with alcohol problems, 131 social drinkers, and 52 patients from family practice. Findings from clinical examination provided greater diagnostic accuracy than laboratory tests for detecting alcohol abuse. Logistic regression analysis produced an overall accuracy of 85-91% for clinical signs, 84-88% for items from the medical history, and 71-83% for laboratory tests in differentiating the three groups. Further analyses showed 17 clinical signs and 13 medical history items that formed a highly diagnostic instrument (alcohol clinical index) that could be used in clinical practice. A probability of alcohol abuse exceeding 0.90 was found if four or more clinical signs or four or more medical history items from the index were present. Despite recent emphasis on the laboratory diagnosis of alcohol abuse simple clinical measures seem to provide better diagnostic accuracy.
The Increase of Thyroid Abnormalities, Elevated Serum Beta Globulins and Type A Blood Group in Paget's Disease.
Authors: Robert D. Leeper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Increase of Thyroid Abnormalities, Elevated Serum Beta Globulins and Type A Blood Group in Paget's Disease.Robert D. Leeper, M.D., Ralph Marcove, M.D., Morton K. Schwartz, Ph.D., Rulon W. Rawson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert D. Leeper, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ralph Marcove, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Morton K. Schwartz, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rulon W. Rawson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1171_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn increased incidence of thyroid abnormalities, elevations of serum beta globulin proteins and type A blood group was found in a prospective study of 42 patients with Paget's disease. Thirty-three per cent of the patients had goiters or a previous history of thyroid abnormalities. Seven patients had undergone thyroidectomy. Two patients had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 4 patients had presumptive evidence of this disease. Four patients were hypothyroid at the time of examination.Fifteen of 28 patients (54%) had elevated serum beta globulins. This increase was highly significant (P= < 0.01) when compared to the incidence (10%) of increased beta... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert D. Leeper, M.D.; Ralph Marcove, M.D.; Morton K. Schwartz, Ph.D.; Rulon W. Rawson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1171-1171KeywordsBlood groupsGlobulinsProspective studiesSerum proteinsThyroidThyroidectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cashew allergy: observations of 42 children without associated peanut allergy
Authors: F. Rancé, E. Bidat, T. Bourrier, D. Sabouraud
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Cashew allergy seems to be increasingly frequent. The goal of the present study was to analyse the clinical features and results of investigations of 42 children with cashew allergy. Methods: The clinical features and results of skin prick tests, specific IgE assays, and food challenges were analysed. Results: The mean age at first allergic reaction was 2 years and the mean age at diagnosis of cashew allergy was 2.7 years. One in five children (12%) had a prior history of exposure to cashew nuts. Fifty‐six per cent had skin symptoms, 25% had respiratory signs and 17% had digestive signs. Eighteen children had proven, associated food allergies (pistachio, seven; egg, five; mustard, three; shrimp, two; cow milk, one). The mean wheal diameter of the skin prick tests was 7 mm (3–16 mm) and the mean specific IgE level was 3.1 kUA/L (&lt;0.35–&gt;100 kUA/L). Eight children had positive food challenges. Conclusion: The increase in cashew allergy is worrying because it affects young children who may have a reaction without ever having been exposed to cashews. Almost one‐third of children are allergic to pistachios, which belong to the same botanical family as cashews. Clinical history is generally and sufficiently suggestive to diagnose cashew allergy without recourse to food challenges.
Abstract B03: Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX promotes MDSC recruitment and establishment of the breast cancer premetastatic niche by stimulating G-CSF production
Authors: Shawn C. Chafe, Yuanmei Lou, Jaclyn Sceneay, Marylou Vallejo, Paul C. McDonald, Andreas Möller, Shoukat Dedhar
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to distant tissue sites prior to the arrival of disseminated tumor cells has been shown to facilitate metastasis in a preclinical setting through the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche. Primary tumor hypoxia has been shown to play a pivotal role in the production of chemokines and cytokines responsible for the mobilization of these BMDCs, especially in breast cancer. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression is highly upregulated by breast cancer cells in hypoxia where its activity contributes to cell survival through the buffering of intracellular pH. Preclinically, CAIX has been demonstrated to be required for breast tumor growth and metastasis, whereas clinically, CAIX is an established indicator of poor prognosis and distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. However, the mechanism by which CAIX exerts its pro-metastatic function is incompletely understood. We investigated whether CAIX function in the hypoxic niche of the primary tumor was involved in establishment of the pre-metastatic niche through the production of soluble mediators of this process. Using shRNA-mediated depletion of CAIX in the metastatic 4T1 murine breast cancer cells and orthotopic tumors, we demonstrate that CAIX is required for the mobilization and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to pre-metastatic niches through the stimulation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, a potent stimulator of MDSC mobilization and recruitment to pre-metastatic niches. We further demonstrate that CAIX expression is required for the activation of NF-κB by hypoxic breast cancer cells and that constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway upon reducing CAIX expression by shRNA restores G-CSF secretion by hypoxic breast cancer cells. This is the first demonstration of a role for CAIX in the pre-metastatic phase of breast cancer metastasis and indicates that CAIX regulates the expression of G-CSF and recruitment of granulocytic MDSCs to pre-metastatic niches. Citation Format: Shawn C. Chafe, Yuanmei Lou, Jaclyn Sceneay, Marylou Vallejo, Paul C. McDonald, Andreas Möller, Shoukat Dedhar. Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX promotes MDSC recruitment and establishment of the breast cancer premetastatic niche by stimulating G-CSF production. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B03
The Role of Mathematics in the Medical Sciences
Authors: William G. Cochran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

HISTORICALLY, the applications of mathematical research to biology and the medical sciences have been sporadic, depending on the interest of a few individual workers, and have not had a wide influence on general biologic thinking. The present symposium suggests that a period of renewed activity may have begun.Mathematical reasoning can contribute to biology in many ways. It may enable the biologist to obtain quantitative estimates in situations in which his information has previously been only qualitative (for example, in estimates of the number of genes involved in the inheritance of a character). When the data are quantitative, a mathematical . . .