tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sources of Medical Information
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Colonial physicians acquired much of their medical information from sources other than journals and books (Fig 1). Letters, lecture notes, and other manuscript compilations, conversations with practitioners of medicine, and newspapers all provided information to the often-isolated physician. The problem of making medical information available was, in fact, such a common one that the Connecticut Medical Society at its second annual meeting (held in New Haven in October 1793—the year that Dr Glysson was admitted to the Society) set as one of its honorary prize questions, What is the most eligible mode of increasing and propagating medical knowledge in the State of Connecticut?  This was one of three questions proposed that year for discussion by physicians in Connecticut or elsewhere. The other two questions were answered with ease, but information proved to be a problem for the Society for three years. At the 1794 meeting, the Society voted to hold
Participation of the cytokines interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1-beta secreted by acute myelogenous leukemia blasts in autocrine and paracrine leukemia growth control.
Authors: W Oster, N A Cicco, H Klein, T Hirano, T Kishimoto, A Lindemann, R H Mertelsmann, F Herrmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Autonomous in vitro growth of myeloid leukemic colony-forming cells may in part result from autocrine production of colony-stimulating factors (CSF). Some acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples, however, fail to synthesize CSF despite growing autonomously in agar, and are therefore believed to bypass CSF requirements. Cytokines such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-1, products of cells of the myeloid lineage, are known to be involved in growth control of myeloid progenitor cells. Since these molecules may also contribute to autocrine and paracrine growth regulation of myeloid leukemias, we screened a series of AML for cytokine production. In addition, possible roles of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 in growth control of AML were investigated in vitro. We show that a substantial proportion of AML cells produce IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1-beta and use these mediators to stimulate their growth by disparate mechanisms: IL-6 acts as a costimulator to enhance CSF-induced clonogenicity of AML blasts. TNF-alpha induces CSF production by endothelial cells and may therefore provide a paracrine loop to support leukemia growth.
Eric Kay Gardner
Authors: Michael Essex-Lopresti
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A pioneer of open heart surgeryBill Cleland was one of the surgeons who developed open heart surgery in London in the late 1950s.He was at Hammersmith Hospital in 1952-3 when Professor Dennis Melrose developed the first heart-lung machine.Melrose and Cleland conducted extensive animal tests before trying the machine in 1953 on patients whose prognosis was poor.In the early days there were postoperative deaths, which taught them the importance of meticulous postoperative care, and the clinical programme was restarted successfully in 1957.Cleland was one of the machine's earliest users, and it enabled him to perform a wide range of new operations, specialising in mitral valvotomy, the surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect, and aortic valve replacement.He was the first to operate on the newly identified condition of obstructive cardiomyopathy-known in the United States as hypertrophic subaortic stenosisby excising muscle from the interventricular septum via the aortic valve.Russian surgeons were impressed by Melrose's heart-lung machine, and Professor Aleksandr Bakulev from the then Soviet Union bought one; he then invited the Hammersmith team to operate in Moscow in May 1959.It was at the height of the cold war and they were the first foreign doctors to perform surgery there.Melrose, Cleland, and another surgeon, Hugh Bentall, went.The Russians chose two adults and four children with congenital heart defects.Two of them had Fallot's tetralogy, which Cleland and his colleagues had never operated on before.All six operations were successful.Cleland remarked that this was helped by God, who had so little to do in Russia that he was able to give the children his undivided attention.The trip was a success in other ways.Cleland took his cine camera and filmed the army parade in Red Square, and was astonished not to be arrested.The team then returned on the inaugural UK flight of the Tupolev 104, the Soviet Union's first jet powered passenger airliner.Cleland was a meticulous surgeon, possessed of great energy, and a great teacher.He was warm hearted, and remained calm in emergencies.He was
Hereditary deficiency of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Kenji Shinohara, Kouichi R. Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A 36‐year‐old white man was found to have low erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. Plasma cholinesterase activity was normal. The propositus had mild anemia and moderate elliptocytosis, but was asymptomatic. A sister, brother, father, and nephew were hematologically normal, but had slightly subnormal red cell acetylcholinesterase activities. There was no exposure to organophosphates, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was excluded. Mixing experiments failed to demonstrate the absence of an activator or the presence of an inhibitor. The propositus enzyme showed normal kinetics for the substrate and various inhibitors, normal thermostability, and electrophoretic migration. Major protein bands of the red cell membrane were normal by electrophoresis. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content were also normal. The mild anemia is presumably secondary to the presence of moderate elliptocytosis. The pattern of inheritance of the variant gene is unclear, but the propositus may be homozygous for the abnormal allele, and other family members may be heterozygous.
'Technology Follies': Curtain Call
Authors: James H. Dorsey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>This letter was shown to the authors, who declined to reply</i>.—Ed. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —All of us who practice medicine would agree that there have been serious mistakes, both in the past and present, in the evaluation of new technologies. However, there are many obvious points that could be made in rebuttal to Dr Grimes' Commentary.<sup>1</sup>Our medical schools emphasize the principles of good statistics and proper clinical evaluations. Hospitals are required to carry out peer reviews, and government is involved in the evaluation of new instrumentation as never before. While Grimes' article may be prompted by very real concerns and the purest of motives, in his Commentary he falls prey to the same error that he so strongly condemns, ie, the uncritical acceptance of nonrandomized, statistically invalid reports that are little more than a statement of personal opinion. A graphic illustration of such an error is
About the boys and the Bs
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The door burst open. “Midweek special,” he shouted, clutching five Star Trek videos to his chest. We pulled the curtains; it was a Wednesday “Trek-athon.” We were four boys sharing a flat and skiving lectures. Somehow Star Trek just seemed more important than the roots of the brachial plexus.

I wanted to study consistently but I couldn't. Each term I would carefully draw up a study plan, as my mum had suggested. But eight weeks into the term it stared blankly …
Cecil Essentials of Medicine
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Most modern textbooks of medicine have several onerous attributes: they are heavy and expensive, they overwhelm the reader with information, and their contents are often ephemeral. Their ephemeral nature, stemming from rapid changes in medical knowledge, is beyond an author's control. The other three burdensome attributes are rendered tolerable by Andreoli and his associates in<i>Cecil Essentials of Medicine</i>. Other authors have written synopses of medicine in attempts to surmount the burden of the usual textbook, but synopses are inadequate. A synopsis tells us what the subject is about and marshals the facts, but, unlike<i>Essentials</i>, it does not facilitate understanding. Complete understanding is an individual accomplishment that can be enhanced, but not replaced, by a textbook. Nevertheless, the student needs a guide to provide facts and, more importantly, fundamental ideas that lead to understanding. The authors of<i>Essentials</i>have done this in about half the space of most standard
Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research?
Authors: M. Kalichman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA
Authors: Harry Sobotka, Mae Friedlander
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The ratio precipitin/protective antibody is given for several fresh antipneumococcus horse sera (Type II). The application of the precipitin test here dealt with and that of similar ones, based on the conception of a parallelism between precipitin and protective antibody, is limited to unrefined horse sera.
Radiation Dose Estimates From Cardiac Multislice Computed Tomography in Daily Practice
Authors: Jörg Hausleiter, Tanja Meyer, Martin Hadamitzky, Ester Huber, Maria Zankl, Stefan Martinoff, Adnan Kastrati, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Multislice computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a promising technology for imaging patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Compared with 16-slice CTA, the improved spatial and temporal resolution of 64-slice CTA (0.6- versus 1.0-mm slice thickness and 330- versus 420-ms gantry rotation time) is associated with an increase in radiation dose. The objective of this retrospective investigation was to compare the estimated dose received during 16- and 64-slice CTA in daily practice and to investigate the impact of different scan protocols on dose and image quality.Radiation dose was estimated for 1035 patients undergoing coronary CTA. Scanning algorithms with and without an ECG-dependent dose modulation and with a reduced tube voltage were investigated on dose estimates and image quality. In the entire patient cohort, radiation dose estimates were 6.4+/-1.9 and 11.0+/-4.1 mSv for 16- and 64-slice CTA, respectively (P<0.01). The reduction in radiation dose estimates ranged between 37% and 40% and between 53% and 64% with the use of ECG-dependent dose modulation and with the combined use of the dose modulation and a reduced tube voltage, respectively. The reduction in dose estimates was not associated with a reduction in diagnostic image quality as assessed by the signal-to-noise ratio and by the frequency of coronary segments with diagnostic image quality.The increase in spatial and temporal resolution with 64-slice CTA is associated with an increased radiation dose for coronary CTA. Dose-saving algorithms are very effective in reducing radiation exposure and should be used whenever possible.
SPECIFIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TO INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS PRODUCTS
Authors: Maxwell Finland, W. D. Sutliff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The blood of 63 human subjects selected because of the absence of recent infections, was studied for its content of specific antibodies against virulent strains of Types I, II, and III pneumococci before and after intracutaneous injections of minute amounts of pneumococcus products. The simultaneous injection of the specific polysaccharides of all three types of pneumococci and of proteins and autolysates derived from Types I and II pneumococci was followed by the appearance or increase of pneumococcidal power in the whole defibrinated blood and, in most instances, by the appearance of mouse-protective antibodies and agglutinins for one or more types. A single intracutaneous injection of 0.01 mg. of the protein-free type-specific polysaccharide of either Type I, Type II, or Type III pneumococci or 4 similar daily injections was followed, in most of 29 subjects, by the appearance of antibodies against the homologous, but not against the heterologous type pneumococci. Some subjects showed a simultaneous lowering of a preexisting pneumococcidal power for heterologous or homologous types. A single intracutaneous injection of O.1 mg. of pneumococcus protein in 13 individuals was not followed by the appearance of specific antibodies to any appreciable degree. Single intracutaneous injections of small amounts of autolysates derived from virulent strains of Type I, II, or III pneumococci were followed in 11 subjects by a more or less general rise in the pneumococcidal power with the appearance of homologous type agglutinins and protective antibodies in about one-third of the subjects.
Crisis in rheumatology manpower
Authors: J A Hicklin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Crisis in rheumatology manpower SIR,-As the five doctors undertaking higher medical training in rheumatology in the West Midlands (three National Health Service senior registrars and two university lecturers) we too are concerned at the current manpower crisis in rheumatology (19 February, p 586).This is not a national so much as a local problem, however, with a surfeit of senior registrars in certain regions.The disparity in the posts is illustrated in the table.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF "MAD ITCH" WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PSEUDORABIES
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The clinical picture and gross pathology of spontaneous and experimental "mad itch" have been described and the inciting agent has been shown to be a filtrable virus. It has been possible to prepare virucidal serum capable of neutralizing the virus. Fatal infections are regularly produced in rabbits when the virus is administered subcutaneously, intracerebrally, intravenously, intratesticularly, intraperitoneally, intranasally, or when it is dropped on a scarified area of skin. Its infectivity for other species by various routes is reported upon. The rabbit, guinea pig, white rat, white mouse, gray field mouse, cow, cat, duck, chicken, and hog are susceptible to experimental infection. The disease is not contagious under laboratory conditions and the virus is restricted in the animal body largely to the region of inoculation and the lung. The virus can be stored for relatively long periods in 50 per cent glycerol or in the dried state. A comparison of "mad itch" with pseudorabies leads to the tentative conclusion that the inciting agents of both are the same, although the strains of the two viruses that are under study possess readily demonstrable differences.
Obstetric epidural analgesia and postural hypotension.
Authors: E Moss, R MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Supine and erect arterial pressures were measured daily for six to seven days after delivery in 100 patients, of whom 50 had received epidural analgesia. There was no difference in the magnitude of postural hypotension between the epidural and control groups on any day after delivery, although in both groups the hypotension was greater during the first two days due almost entirely to changes in systolic arterial pressure. The incidence of dizziness on standing was similar in both groups (9%). Thus postural hypotension is no more common in women who have received epidural analgesia than in others. All patients should be helped out of bed after delivery, and any patient who experiences dizziness should have her blood pressure measured until the dizziness disappears.
Blood Lidocaine Levels and Kinetics following High-Dose Intramuscular Administration
Authors: JULIAN C. ZENER, RICHARD E. KERBER, ALFRED P. SPIVACK, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

In order to evaluate further the potential benefit of prophylactic intramuscular lidocaine administration in coronary artery disease, 24 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were given an intramuscular injection of lidocaine (10% solution) in the deltoid and gluteal muscles on consecutive days. Twelve patients received an intermediate dose (4 mg/kg), and 12 received a high dose (6 mg/kg) of lidocaine, and blood lidocaine levels were measured over a 4-hour study period. Intradeltoid injection produced higher blood lidocaine levels and more rapid development of peak blood levels than did intragluteal injection. Administration of high-dose lidocaine (average dose 450 mg) into the deltoid muscle produced the ideal combination of rapid peak blood levels (6.5 µg/ml ± 2.1 SEM at 5 min) and persistence of therapeutic levels (&gt;1.5 µg/ml) for over 2 hours. Although drowsiness, paresthesias, slurred speech, and tinnitus occurred in seven of the 12 patients in the high-dose group, no major neurotoxicity, such as grand mal seizures, were observed, nor was there evidence of hypotension or increase in atrioventricular block. Prophylactic administration of high-dose 10% lidocaine into the deltoid muscle appears to have potential for reducing the early mortality following acute myocardial infarction.
Influence of Heart Rate on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Dual-Source Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: Ulrike Ropers, Dieter Ropers, Tobias Pflederer, Katharina Anders, Axel Kuettner, Nikolaos I. Stilianakis, Sei Komatsu, Willi Kalender, Werner Bautz, Werner G. Daniel, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Suppression of Tumor Invasion and Metastasis by Concurrent Inhibition of c-Met and VEGF Signaling in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Barbara Sennino, Toshina Ishiguro-Oonuma, Ying Wei, Ryan M. Naylor, Casey W. Williamson, Vikash Bhagwandin, Sebastien P. Tabruyn, Weon-Kyoo You, Harold A. Chapman, James G. Christensen, Dana T. Aftab, Donald M. McDonald
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2012)

Abstract Invasion and metastasis increase after the inhibition of VEGF signaling in some preclinical tumor models. In the present study we asked whether selective VEGF inhibition is sufficient to increase invasion and metastasis and whether selective c-Met inhibition is sufficient to block this effect. Treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in RIP-Tag2 mice with a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody reduced tumor burden but increased tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and c-Met activation and also increased invasion and metastasis. However, invasion and metastasis were reduced by concurrent inhibition of c-Met by PF-04217903 or PF-02341066 (crizotinib). A similar benefit was found in orthotopic Panc-1 pancreatic carcinomas treated with sunitinib plus PF-04217903 and in RIP-Tag2 tumors treated with XL184 (cabozantinib), which simultaneously blocks VEGF and c-Met signaling. These findings document that invasion and metastasis are promoted by selective inhibition of VEGF signaling and can be reduced by the concurrent inhibition of c-Met. Significance: This report examines the mechanism of increased tumor aggressiveness after anti-VEGF therapy and presents evidence for roles of vascular pruning, hypoxia, and c-Met activation. The results show that simultaneous inhibition of c-Met and VEGF signaling not only slows tumor growth but also reduces invasion and metastasis. Cancer Discovery; 2(3); 270–87. ©2012 AACR. Read the Commentary on this article by Lynn and Brekken, p. 211 This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 193
REDUCTION OF PARA-VALVULAR REGURGITATION WITH POST-DILATATION FOLLOWING BALLOON-EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Benoit Daneault, Elana Koss, Rebecca Hahn, Susheel Kodali, Mathew Williams, Philippe Genereux, Jean-Michel Paradis, Isaac George, Craig Smith, Jeffrey Moses, Martin Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Global reduction of the epigenetic H3K79 methylation mark and increased chromosomal instability in CALM-AF10–positive leukemias
Authors: Yi-Hui Lin, Purvi M. Kakadia, Ying Chen, Ya-Qiang Li, Aniruddha J. Deshpande, Christian Buske, Kang-Ling Zhang, Yi Zhang, Guo-Liang Xu, Stefan K. Bohlander
Journal: Blood (2009)
The role of discounting in global social issues
Authors: Craig Summers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The willingness to trade off large but ill-defined future consequences for immediate work characterizes social problems such as environmental sustainability. This commentary argues that important applications of behavioral models of self-control are being overlooked in the experimental literature. Tying the experimental literature to longterm health, environmental, and other risks makes the experimental work more germane, and raises new research questions for experimental modeling.
Translation of Latin
Authors: Robert H. Posteraro
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While reading the editorial on paleopathology by Eve Cockburn, MA, and Theodore A. Reyman, MD (1982;248:472), I was surprised to find that the motto of the Paleopathology Association—<i>mortui viventes docent</i>—was inaccurately translated into English as "The dead are our teachers." While I am aware of the current attitude in some academic circles of attempting to make the classical languages more relevant by permitting looser and more colloquial translations from the classics into English, I can see no justification for doing so in this instance. The literal translation, "The dead teach the living," while being more linguistically accurate also has the literary merit of preserving the paradoxical quality present in the original tongue. Since one of the aims of paleopathology is "the clarification of cultural and medical history," I hope that I can support the endeavors of the Paleopathology Association by providing this clarification of the
FDG Hepatic Superscan Caused by Massive Breast Cancer Invasion
Authors: Vladimir Tichelaar, Filip Gemmel, Willem de Rhoter, Carolien Bronkhorst, Hiltje de Graaf
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 46-year-old woman who was treated in the past for locally advanced breast cancer, presented with signs of acute liver failure. FDG PET revealed a massive hot liver with increased activity without any pathologic FDG uptake elsewhere in the body. Therefore, the term hepatic superscan was chosen because intense diffuse hepatic FDG uptake was seen in combination with a surprisingly low cardiac and in minor degree of low brain uptake, similar to the superscan pattern encountered in conventional skeletal scintigraphy. This very unusual finding was the indicator of extensive hepatic involvement caused by breast cancer.