tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Jonathan A. Tobert
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Drs Newman and Hulley 1 question the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decision to approve inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins) for prescription because high doses increased the background tumor incidence in rodent lifetime carcinogenicity studies. This information is not new and has been available in the package circulars since the first member of the class (lovastatin) was approved in 1987. It is important to note that all the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are completely negative in a comprehensive battery of genotoxicity tests, while with the exception of estrogens all known organic chemical human carcinogens identified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer are genotoxic. 2 Simvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin were the subject of FDA Advisory Panel meetings that included review of the rodent carcinogenicity data, and in all 3 cases a unanimous vote for approval resulted.  In the 2 large statin trials available to date, the
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: R. Ward, R. Stalker
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Keepingthe Heart Going" (19 June, p. 1566) we believe that incorrect emphasis has been placed upon the risks of the production of ventricular fibrillation by pacing on the T wave in patients who have returned to sinus rhythm.All proved instances of ventricular fibrilla- tion, in our experience, have occurred only with the epicardial system of pacing, and only in the immediate post-thoracotomy period.'It seems that the risk of ventricular fibrillation is highest when the threshold for the production of ventricular fibrillation is lowered from superficial myocardial damage caused by stitching the electrode on to the epicardium and from alterations in pul- monary ventilation due to the thoracotomy.Another facotor was probably the unnecessarily high power of the earlier units.Now that we use endocardial jugular sys- tems for long-term pacing, thereby avoiding a thoracotomy, the risk of ventricular fibrillation must be greatly reduced, and we have never seen it in our experience of over 100 patients treated by endocardial pacing.-We
Prediction of haemorrhagic diathesis in thrombocytopenia by mean platelet volume.
Authors: A Eldor, M Avitzour, R Or, R Hanna, S Penchas
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The Coulter counter, model S Plus, Provides a platelet count and a mean platelet volume in all routine specimens of blood for cell count. The value of mean platelet volume in the prediction of the haemostatic potential of thrombocytopenic patients was investigated in 175 patients with haematological disorders who underwent 1473 blood counts over five months. Eighty-four haemorrhagic episodes were detected, most in thrombocytopenic patients. The mean platelet volume of patients with haemorrhagic tendency was significantly lower (5.52 +/- SD 0.7 fl) than that of patients without these tendencies (7.87 +/- SD 1.75 fl) (p less than 0.001). In cases of severe thrombocytopenia (less than 20 x 10(9)/1 platelets) haemorrhagic episodes were frequent; however, the frequency of bleeding was considerably lower in cases in which the mean platelet volume was higher than a suggested cut-off point of 6.4 fl. Discriminant analysis selected mean platelet volume as more important than platelet count for prediction of haemorrhagic state in severe thrombocytopenia. In view of the useful discrimination that mean platelet volume provides between thrombocytopenic patients who bleed and those who do not bleed, it may serve as a guide to predict the danger of haemorrhage and the need for prophylactic platelet transfusion.
Mechanisms of Action of Steroid Hormones
Authors: Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A Search for the Primary Site of Hormone ActionALTHOUGH steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation and metabolism in target tissues via mechanisms that are largely undetermined, increasing evidence has suggested that their effects occur through the regulation of protein synthesis. This is not an unreasonable hypothesis since the majority of the cell mass and the basic cell structure are protein in nature. Similarly, the enzymic catalysts regulating all aspects of metabolism are proteins. Thus, a chemical effector such as a hormone might specifically and efficiently regulate cell growth or function by stimulating the synthesis of one or more protein molecules. . . .
Vitamin C and the Common Cold
Authors: Franklin C. Bing
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The many admirers of Linus Pauling will wish that he had not written this book. Here are found, not the guarded statements of a philosopher or scientist seeking truth, but the clear, incisive sentences of an advertiser with something to sell. Unfortunately, many laymen are going to believe the ideas that the author is selling—that ascorbic acid is a completely harmless chemical which will prevent or mollify infectious diseases such as the common cold, if taken in doses of from 1 to 10 gm daily throughout life, and possibly extend that lifetime from two to six years. Actually, when used as recommended by Professor Pauling, neither the safety of all dosage forms, nor the efficacy of ascorbic acid in any dosage form, has been proved. Pauling hopes that there will be a thorough, large-scale study on vitamin C and the common cold. Because he has already convinced himself that vitamin
Returning to History: The Ethics of Researching Asylum Seeker Health in Australia
Authors: Deborah Zion, Linda Briskman, Bebe Loff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Australia's policy of mandatory indefinite detention of those seeking asylum and arriving without valid documents has led to terrible human rights abuses and cumulative deterioration in health for those incarcerated. We argue that there is an imperative to research and document the plight of those who have suffered at the hands of the Australian government and its agents. However, the normal tools available to those engaged in health research may further erode the rights and well being of this population, requiring a rethink of existing research ethics paradigms to approaches that foster advocacy research and drawing on the voices of those directly affected, including those bestowed with duty of care for this population.
Malaria vaccine shows encouraging results in children
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A malaria vaccine has shown encouraging results in children, according to a phase II study published last week ( Lancet 2004;364:1411-20).

The study investigated the efficacy of a malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS02A, directed against the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite, the form of the malaria parasite that is injected into the human bloodstream by mosquitoes. The study was conducted on two cohorts of children aged 1-4 years living in Mozambique. Each cohort was divided into two groups, and the members of each group were randomly allocated to three doses of the malaria vaccine given intramuscularly or to control vaccines, including pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines.

The first cohort (1605 children) was followed up …
Failure of ejaculation with indoramin.
Authors: B Pentland, D A Anderson, J A Critchley
Journal: BMJ (1981)

CommentAdding relatively small doses of metolazone to high-dose "loop" diuretics significantly increased urine volume and excretion of sodium chloride and potassium, enabling body weight to fall and oedema to clear.The response was immediate and sustained.An initial dose of 2-5 mg metolazone is recommended.Profound natriuresis with associated kaliuresis may lead to hypovolaemia and hypokalaemia respectively.These complications should be anticipated by gradual dose titration according to urine volume and changes in body weight and adequate potassium supplementation.Ideally the patient should be treated with caution in hospital, as dangerous, uncontrolled losses of fluid and electrolytes may occur.4We are grateful to Sisters M Morris and G Alcock for metabolic nursing, and to Miss J E Davies for secretarial work.
DNA synthesis and mitosis in uninvolved epidermis of persistent palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: ROGER CLAYTON, PETER GOODWIN, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Mitotic and DNA synthesizing cell counts have been performed in uninvolved epidermis of twenty-one patients with persistent palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). There was no difference in mitotic counts and DNA synthesis in PPP compared with normal epidermis, but both were significantly lower than those found in the clinically uninvolved epidermis of patients with psoriasis.
Retrieval dynamics and brain mechanisms
Authors: Douglas L. Hintzman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Experiments on memory-retrieval dynamics support the hypothesis that different mechanisms mediate processes of familiarity and recall (recollection). The minimal retrieval time for accurate recognition and frequency judgments is about 100 msec earlier than the minimal time to judge details such as modality or location. The difference is consistent with neurophysiological evidence. Retrieval dynamics data are also relevant to other aspects of Aggleton &amp; Brown's target article.
Biliary stricture is the only concern in ABO-incompatible adult living donor liver transplantation in the rituximab era
Authors: Gi-Won Song, Sung-Gyu Lee, Shin Hwang, Ki-Hum Kim, Chul-Soo Ahn, Deok-Bog Moon, Tae-Yong Ha, Dong-Hwan Jung, Gil-Chun Park, Sung-Hwa Kang, Bo-Hyun Jung, Young-In Yoon, Nayoung Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Effects of oestrogens and progestogens on gastric secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Authors: S P Parbhoo, I D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL COMMENT Oestrogens control the symptoms of duodenal ulcer and probably increase the production of mucus in the stomach but they have no effect on the secretion of acid or pepsin.Progestogen by mouth also increases production of mucus and by intramuscular injection it lowers the gastric acid output.
Activation of infectious virus from latent human immunodeficiency virus infection of monocytes in vivo.
Authors: J A Mikovits, N C Lohrey, R Schulof, J Courtless, F W Ruscetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Individuals infected with HIV may be asymptomatic for years before progressing to overt AIDS. Since HIV can latently infect monocytoid cell lines, we examined whether HIV latency occurs in monocytes in vivo. Freshly isolated monocytes from asymptomatic seropositive individuals examined before and after culture were positive for HIV DNA, but not RNA, as measured by polymerase chain reaction, showing that HIV latency occurs in monocytes in vivo. Coculture of these latently infected monocytes with Con A-activated T cells from HIV-negative normal donors stimulated 90% of the patients' samples and latently infected THP-1 to produce infectious virus. Neither Con A, resting T cells, nor T cell supernatants induced virus. Plasma membranes from activated T cells stimulated HIV production, suggesting cell contact induces factor(s) in monocytes to overcome latency. Thus, monocytes in AIDS patients harbor latent HIV inducible during an immune response, leading to T cell infection and viral-induced pathology.
Differential effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on TNF-α-mediated liver injury in two different models of fulminant hepatitis
Authors: Jin-Wei Lu, Hua Wang, Ji Yan-Li, Cheng Zhang, Huan Ning, Xiang-Yun Li, Heng Zhang, Zi-Hao Duan, Lei Zhao, Wei Wei, De-Xiang Xu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Influence of Alcohol Intake and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Phenotype on Peripheral Neuropathy of Diabetes
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Matsuo Taniyama, Taniyama Muramatsu, Shigeo Ohta, Yoshito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In Asians, the differences of alcohol tolerance are mainly determined by a polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which metabolizes acetaldehyde produced from ethanol into acetate (1). To examine whether the inactive ALDH2 influences the peripheral neuropathy in diabetes, 194 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (135 men and 58 women, aged 59.1 ± 11.7 years) were divided by ALDH2 phenotype and alcohol consumption and then the correlation of NCV (nerve conduction velocity in …
US workers who carry guns are more likely to be killed on the job
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Workers in petrol stations, grocery stores, and other locations who take weapons with them to work are three to seven times as likely to be murdered at work than workers in equivalent jobs in which weapons are prohibited, a study has found ( American Journal of Public Health 2005;95: 6-8).

Although some Americans keep guns for protection, having a gun at work may increase the risk of becoming a victim of violence. “I know there are lots of people with guns, especially in retail businesses. I don't know they offer any benefit of increased worker safety,” Dana Loomis, professor …
Mechanism of synergistic cell killing when methotrexate precedes cytosine arabinoside: study of L1210 and human leukemic cells.
Authors: E Cadman, F Eiferman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Synergistic killing of L1210 cells occurs when methotrexate (MTX) is administered just before 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C). This pehnomenon is dependent upon both the dose and time of exposure to MTX. Such increased killing of cells can be explained by the enhanced intracellular accumulation of Ara-C in cells exposed to MTX. This enhancement of Ara-C entry into cells was only observed when the dose of MTX was high enough (1, 10, and 100 muM) to result in free intracellular nondihydrofolate reductase-bound MTX. At the highest doses of MTX (10 and 100 muM) Ara-C triphosphate was increased eightfold and deoxycytidine triphosphate was decreased by 50%. Therefore, the maximum synergistic cell kill when MTX precedes Ara-C may be the consequence of greater inhibition of DNA polymerase by th;e increased Ara-C triphosphate in the presence of the decreasing natural substrate of this enzyme, deoxycytidine triphosphate. Enhanced Ara-C accumulation after administration of MTX was also observed in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells.
A case of necrotizing pancreatitis subsequent to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Song-I Bae, Jong Eun Yeon, Jong Mee Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Sun Jae Lee, Sang Jun Suh, Eileen L. Yoon, Hae Rim Kim, Kwan Soo Byun, Tae-Seok Seo
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

Necrotizing pancreatitis is one of the rare complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Necrotizing pancreatitis after TACE may result from the development of ischemia caused by regurgitation of embolic materials into the vessels supplying the pancreas. We report a case of post-TACE necrotizing pancreatitis with abscess formation in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had suffered hepatic artery injury due to repetitive TACE; during his 25th TACE procedure he had submitted to selective catheterization of the feeding vessel from the dorsal pancreatic artery with a cytotoxic agent and Gelfoam particles. The patient complained of abdominal pain after the TACE procedure, and a CT scan led to a diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis with abscess formation. The pancreatic abscess progressed despite general management of the pancreatitis, including antibiotics. Percutaneous catheter drainage was performed, and the symptoms of the patient improved. Keywords: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Therapeutic chemoembolization; Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Empirical Antifungal Therapy — New Options, New Tradeoffs
Authors: Kieren A. Marr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The risk of fungal infections increases greatly in patients with profound and protracted neutropenia. Because of the insensitivity of diagnostic methods and the poor outcomes associated with established infections, empirical antifungal therapy is used for patients with neutropenia who have persistent fever despite the administration of antibacterial agents. Although conventional amphotericin B has been considered the optimal first-line agent, its status as the preferred treatment has recently been challenged by the results of trials comparing it with antifungal triazoles and lipid formulations of amphotericin B (Table 1).A report in this issue of the Journal further advances our knowledge about . . .
Therapeutic and Psychological Approach to Cases of Unconsummated Marriage
Authors: H. C. Abraham
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDICAL JOURNAL chemotherapeutic agents, with the possible exception of demecolcine, the best palliative therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia that has stood the test of time is radiotherapy.Myleran at present does not appear to be superior to radiotherapy, but we cannot yet answer the question, " Is myleran an effective substitute ?"We are indebted to Dr. D.
1203 ALL IL28B GENOTYPES HAVE HIGH SVR RATES IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH VX-222 IN COMBINATION WITH TELAPREVIR/PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN IN THE ZENITH STUDY
Authors: M.S. Penney, C. De Souza, S. Seepersaud, K. Alves, M.J. Koziel, R.S. Kauffman, A.M. Di Bisceglie, M.C. Botfield
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
INFECTION OF THE URINARY TRACT IN DIABETES
Authors: THOMAS P. SHARKEY
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The inherent susceptibility of the diabetic patient to infection is not only manifested by the frequency with which skin infections are found but further exemplified in the high incidence and serious character of infection of the urinary tract. Almost one in every five diabetic patients coming to autopsy at the New England Deaconess Hospital since 1919 has shown some infectious process in the urinary tract. In 196, purulent infection of the urinary tract was present in thirty-five, or 18 per cent. All other types of nephritis and specific infections have been excluded. This high incidence is not confined to autopsy material, for such infections are frequently found in ward patients. The tables show the distribution of infection of the urinary tract in the thirty-five patients who came to postmortem examination. In this series there were twenty females and fifteen males. The proportion of females to males in the entire 196
Canine neutrophil activation by cardiac lymph obtained during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.
Authors: W J Dreyer, C W Smith, L H Michael, R D Rossen, B J Hughes, M L Entman, D C Anderson
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Cardiac lymph from a canine model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was examined for evidence of chemotactic activity. Lymph was continuously collected from awake animals before and during a 60-minute coronary artery occlusion and up to 6 hours after the initiation of reperfusion. It was assessed for the ability to activate the following proinflammatory functions in neutrophils isolated from the blood of healthy dogs: 1) morphological changes characteristic of chemotactic stimulation, which were assessed by phase contrast microscopy, 2) orientation of canine neutrophils in a gradient of cardiac lymph, which was assessed in Zigmond chambers, 3) the binding of monoclonal antibodies reactive with CD11b and CD18 adherence glycoproteins, which was assessed by flow cytometry, and 4) adherence of canine neutrophils to monolayers of canine jugular vein endothelium, which was assessed in vitro by a visual assay. Lymph samples collected after 1 hour of reperfusion in animals demonstrating ECG evidence of ischemia and histological evidence of infarction exhibited significant stimulatory activity for each of the functions tested. Shape change-inducing activity was evaluated at more frequent intervals than other functions and was found to peak at 1 hour after initiation of reperfusion and to disappear by 6 hours. In addition, the CD11b/CD18 levels on neutrophils isolated from cardiac lymph collected during reperfusion were significantly greater than neutrophils obtained before or during occlusion. Animals that failed to exhibit evidence of infarction also failed to exhibit increased stimulatory activity in lymph collected during reperfusion, and surface levels of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils collected from reperfusion lymph were not elevated. This study provides direct evidence supporting the hypothesis that chemotactic activity is generated in ischemic and reperfused myocardium.
Is the aorta truly dextroposed in tetralogy of Fallot? A two-dimensional echocardiographic answer.
Authors: K Isaaz, J L Cloez, F Marçon, A M Worms, C Pernot
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The embryogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot is still much debated. In particular, the dextroposition of the aorta is not considered by all pathologists as a genuine abnormality in this congenital heart disease but rather as a false impression due to an exaggeration of the normal overriding caused by dilatation of the aorta secondary to abnormal hemodynamics. We used two-dimensional echocardiography to examine the spatial position of the aortic root in 22 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (aged 5 days to 24 years, mean 6.4 years) and in 23 normal subjects (aged 1 month to 27 years, mean 7.6 years). Using the parasternal short-axis view, we determined the percent rightward displacement of the aortic root in relation to the plane of the atrial septum, and the relationship between the aortic cusps and the atrial septum. We measured the value of the angle luminal diameter, which was defined as the angle between the plane of the atrial septum and the plane of the left coronary-noncoronary commissure and leaflet appositional plane. In the control group, the aortic root was displaced to the right by only 23.6 +/- 7.6%; the atrial septum crossed the posterior aspect of the aortic root at the middle (n = 19) or at the right half of the posterior cusp (n = 4), and the angle luminal diameter had a value of 43.3 +/- 8.8 degrees. In the 22 patients with tetralogy, the percent rightward shift of the aortic root was augmented to 55.5 +/- 9% (p less than .001) and the atrial septum was related to the posterior commissure in 14 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insulin Responses of Children with Chemical Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Arlan L. Rosenbloom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Diminished insulin response to hyperglycemia has been thought to be the genetically determined prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus, best demonstrated in the insulin-deficient child with overt disease. Of eight children, with chemical diabetes mellitus, three and a half to 16 years of age, four had normal or increased plasma immunoreactive insulin responses to oral glucose loading on analysis for insulin-glucose ratios (microunits of insulin per milliliter over glucose, milligrams per 100 ml). In three of these patients the apparent insulin hypoactivity was ameliorated by tolbutamide, which diminished the insulinemia while either correcting or not markedly altering the glucose response. Thus, there appears to be a stage of essential diabetes mellitus in childhood that is characterized by a reduced effectiveness of circulating immunoreactive insulin. Tolbutamide may improve the glucose-insulin relation in certain patients and might prevent or delay progression to diabetes mellitus.
The Reconfiguration of US Medicine
Authors: T Bodenheimer, K Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1995)

When one of us opened a private medical practice in 1980, the world of medicine was a simpler place. We could send our patients to any specialist and could admit to any hospital we chose. We referred our patients for diagnostic tests and specialty consultations without asking permission. We were paid a fee for each service we provided. No hospital employee pressured us to discharge our patients, and no insurance company sent us computer printouts of the costs we incurred per patient per month. But underneath this freedom of action, a time bomb was ticking: the costs of medical care were relentlessly rising. In the same private practice of 1995, choice of specialists is determined by lists provided by various health maintenance organizations (HMOs). The HMOs tell us to which hospital their (not our) patients must be admitted. We obtain prior authorization before referring patients to specialists or for expensive