tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus by polymerase chain reaction reveals that initial herpes zoster is frequently misdiagnosed as herpes simplex
Authors: A. RÜBBEN, J.M. BARON, E‐I. GRUSSENDORF‐CONEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The differential diagnosis of herpes simplex and zoster may require virological confirmation, yet virus typing is not regarded as necessary in routine dermatological assessment. In an attempt to evaluate the clinical benefits of the routine detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), we analysed skin swabs from 110 patients who were diagnosed at the first clinical visit as having herpes simplex (n = 45) or zoster (n = 65). Viruses were typed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the general primer pair GPHV-RU. PCR analysis showed that at the initial clinical presentation, herpes simplex in these patients was not mistaken for zoster but that zoster was incorrectly diagnosed as herpes simplex in nine cases. Thus these results suggest that initial zoster often mimics herpes simplex, hence routine PCR diagnosis of HSV and VZV or alternative rapid diagnostic approaches may be beneficial in these cases.
Validation of quantitation of regional myocardial blood flow in vivo with 11C-labeled human albumin microspheres and positron emission tomography.
Authors: R A Wilson, M J Shea, C M De Landsheere, D Turton, F Brady, J E Deanfield, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Use of radiolabeled microspheres is a standard method to measure regional myocardial perfusion in animals. Human albumin microspheres have been given safely to patients, but positron-emitting 68Ga-labeled human albumin microspheres are characterized by an unstable radiolabel. A new labeling procedure that covalently binds 11C (t1/2 = 20.3 min) to human albumin microspheres via 11CH3I was developed. Seven open-chest and two closed-chest dogs were studied. Reference and 11C-labeled human albumin microspheres (2 to 25 mCi) were both injected into the left atrium. Positron tomographic images were obtained of the myocardial distribution of the 11C-labeled microspheres. Timed arterial withdrawal was used for both reference gamma-labeled microspheres and 11C-labeled human albumin microspheres. Myocardial tissue samples matched to tomographic slices were well-counted for calculation of reference values of regional myocardial perfusion. Serial venous blood samples for residual 11C activity of 30 and 60 min after injection were less than 1% of the myocardial 11C concentration demonstrating a stable 11C bond to the human albumin microspheres. Regional myocardial perfusion calculated by this technique correlated well with values obtained with reference microspheres (r = .97) over a range of 0.2 to 3.5 ml/min/g. Correction for wall thickness improved the slope of the regression equation from y = 0.71 x -0.03 to y = 0.88 X -0.05. Thus, 11C human albumin microspheres are stable radiochemically and can be used as a quantitative measure of regional myocardial perfusion.
Risk Factors For Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Noncardiothoracic Surgery In Adult Asthma Patients
Authors: Seung-Eun Lee, Eun-Jung Jo, Hye-Kyung Park, Woo-Hyeon Cho, Doo-Soo Jeon, Yun-Seong Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Effects of atrial pacing, isoprenaline and lignocaine on experimental polymorphous ventricular tachycardia
Authors: H. INOUE, H. MATSUO, S. MASHIMA, S. MURAO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

In 22 anaesthetised dogs, iv, administration of quinidine sulphate (30 mg X kg-1) over 5 min produced bradycardia and marked prolongation of the QT interval. Right ventricular extrastimulations, four times diastolic threshold, provoked polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in 18 dogs, and typical torsade de pointes was observed in four of these 18 dogs. Ventricular flutter was induced in another four dogs. In one of these 22 dogs, double stimuli were required to induce ventricular tachyarrhythmias, in 19 dogs triple stimuli, and in two dogs quadruple stimuli. Using this experimental model, effects of interventions including atrial pacing, isoprenaline, and lignocaine on the QT interval and induction of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia by extrastimuli were studied. Atrial pacing shortened QT interval only slightly and did not prevent induction of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia in nine dogs studied. Isoprenaline infusion definitely shortened QT interval, and in four out of nine dogs triple stimuli could not elicit polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. By contrast, although the QT interval was not shortened, lignocaine was effective in preventing induction of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia by triple stimuli in three out of nine dogs. These results indicate atrial pacing is an ineffective means of preventing induction of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia by extrastimuli in dogs with a long QT interval, but that isoprenaline and lignocaine are effective in some dogs.
Relation between pulsus alternans and transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery
Authors: W. W. PARMLEY, H. TOMODA, S. FUJIMURA, J. M. MATLOFF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Following localized ischaemia and reoxygenation in the intact canine heart, segmental contractile alternans was produced which was associated with pulsus alternans. The evidence of this study supports the view that pulsus alternans was produced by alternate attenuation or deletion of contraction; or alternate deletion and potentiation of contraction.
Comparable Specificity of 2 Commercial Tuberculin Reagents in Persons at Low Risk for Tuberculous Infection
Authors: Margarita E. Villarino
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextOne or both commercial tuberculin skin test reagents (Aplisol and Tubersol) may have a high rate of false-positive reactions.ObjectiveTo compare the reaction size and specificity of skin testing with Aplisol, Tubersol, and the standard purified protein derivative (PPD-S1).DesignDouble-blind trial, conducted between May 14, 1997, and October 28, 1997, in which each individual received 4 tuberculin skin reagents at sites assigned at random.SettingHealth departments and universities in 6 US cities.ParticipantsA total of 1555 persons at low risk of latent tuberculosis infection.InterventionSimultaneous skin tests with Aplisol, Tubersol, PPD-S1, and either a second PPD-S1 or PPD-S2 (a proposed new standard).Main Outcome MeasureReaction size at each injection site measured by 2 investigators blinded to type of reagent.ResultsAplisol produced slightly larger reactions than Tubersol, but this difference did not significantly change skin test interpretation. The mean ± SD reaction sizes were 3.4 ± 4.2 mm with Aplisol, 2.1 ± 3.2 mm with Tubersol, and 2.5 ± 3.6 mm with PPD-S1. Assuming that all participants were uninfected and using a 10-mm cutoff, the specificities of the tests were high: Aplisol, 98.2%; Tubersol, 99.2%; and PPD-S1, 98.9%. Significant variability was not detected in interobserver, host, and lot-to-lot reagent comparisons.ConclusionUsing a cutoff of at least 10 mm, testing with 3 different PPD reagents resulted in similar numbers of uninfected persons being correctly classified.
Antiproliferative effect of retinoid compounds on Kaposi's sarcoma cells.
Authors: J Corbeil, E Rapaport, D D Richman, D J Looney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

A panel of retinoid compounds (tretinoin, isotretinoin, acitretin, and RO13-1470) were tested for inhibitory activity against Kaposi's sarcoma cell (KSC) cultures in vitro. Tretinoin was found to be the most effective retinoid tested, inhibiting the growth of KSC in vitro while having no effect on the expression of interleukin-6 and basic fibroblast growth factor, two important cytokines involved in KSC growth. Tretinoin also did not appear to downregulate the expression of receptors for these two cytokines. At low concentrations (10(-9) M), acitretin and tretinoin selectively inhibited growth of early passage KSC. At higher concentrations (10(-6)-10(-5) M), retinoid treatment induced a pattern of DNA degradation and morphological changes in KSC characteristic of apoptosis (programmed cell death). The inhibitory activity of tretinoin on KSC growth was decreased if human serum (but not fetal calf serum) was present in the growth medium, and partially restored by removal of serum lipids. These data suggest that retinoids possess potential as therapeutic agents in Kaposi's sarcoma.
Amnesia strikes the memory business
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A poster advertising the British Library’s Business and Intellectual Property Centre shows a padlocked garden shed, on which the following words have been painted: “Inside is your invention. We’ll help you stop it becoming someone else’s.” Nothing could better symbolise the suburban smallmindedness underlying this initiative.

I find it depressing because it represents an absolute repudiation of the role of libraries. Has the British Library forgotten that, along with archives and museums, libraries make up the memory business, preserving the resources of the past for present and future use? At the heart of this business lies an optimism, a generosity of spirit, an understanding of …
Importance of coronary vessel curvature in determining cross-sectional coronary plaque distribution intravascular — Ultrasound study
Authors: Takahiro Iwami, Takashi Fujii, Toshiro Miura, Michihiro Kohno, Tsutomu Ryoke, Hiroshi Iida, Shuji Kawamura, Kazuyuki Shirakawa, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Human Rhinovirus Clades in Infant Bronchiolitis
Authors: E.K. Miller, J.V. Williams, T. Gebretsadik, L. Morin, L. Heil, K. Carroll, P.A. Minton, K. Woodward, Z. Liu, T.V. Hartert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)

RATIONALE: The burden of human rhinovirus (HRV) - associated bronchiolitis and the role of the novel clade HRV-C in bronchiolitis are unknown. METHODS: Utilizing the Tennessee Children's Respiratory Initiative (TCRI), we studied term previously healthy infants (≤12 months age) with bronchiolitis or upper respiratory infections (URI) who required hospitalization, emergency department or acute clinic visits at Vanderbilt Children's Hospital from Fall-Spring 2004-2006. Demographic/clinical data were collected; nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by real-time RT-PCR for HRV, RSV, human coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus, influenza A/B, and parainfluenza 1-3. To determine the HRV clade, we sequenced the VP4/VP2 gene from HRV-positive specimens. RESULTS: Of 352 infants enrolled and tested, 273 (77%) had a study virus detected. Of those with detectable study virus, 39.2% had HRV, 32.6% RSV, and 28.2% other virus. Children with HRV were older than those with RSV (median age 22.0 weeks [IQR 8.2,41.8] vs 10.5 weeks [IQR 5.2,20.2], p < 0.001). There was substantial genetic diversity amongst the HRV detected. HRV-C was more common among outpatients than inpatients (78% vs. 50% HRV-A, p = 0.018). Mothers of infants with HRVC were less likely to smoke than mothers of children with HRVA (88% vs 61% did not smoke, p = 0.014). There was seasonal variation in the proportion of each clade over the study seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Human rhinoviruses were detected more frequently than all other study viruses, including RSV, among term previously healthy infants with bronchiolitis or URI. A large proportion of HRV-associated respiratory illness was attributable to the novel clade HRV-C, and there was variation in respiratory illness severity by clade.
The fast of Ramadan.
Authors: A. H. Rashed
Journal: BMJ (1992)

they thought would be delivering only average compression at the ankle.A need clearly exists to ensure that prescribable bandages meet acceptable standards of manufacture and specified performance in terms of elasticity, elastic range, elastic modulus, and durability.Would it not be simpler to lay down these criteria and classify bandages according to some measure of elasticity and elastic modulus?The manufacturer could mark the bandage to ensure consistent application and could supply a chart with each bandage indicating the compression that would be achieved with a two layer or three layer overlap for different sizes of ankle.This would allow the doctor to build up a multilayer bandage to meet the needs of each patient.Such a bandage would be safer than a single layer of high compression, as errors in the application of a weaker bandage would average out in multiple layers -thereby reducing the risk of pressure necrosis.Simpler prescribing would be possible as a doctor need prescribe only a bandage capable of applying a given pressure to a measured ankle, and the pharmacist could dispense the most economical product meeting that specification.Many surgical appliances, dressings, and bandages have been recognised in the drug tariff and have achieved a lucrative place in the market without having been subjected to adequate clinical trials.3This would be unacceptable in the pharmaceutical industry, where drug regulators insist on clinical efficacy.Surely this must be the goal for dressings and bandages and might be achieved if an advisory committee similar to the Committee on Safety of Medicines was set up.
Righting the Medical Record-Reply
Authors: William J. Donnelly
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I thank Dr Graner for the opportunity to clarify the matters raised in his letter. First, I did not say (nor did I wish to imply) that in the past physicians' narratives of illness paid much attention to what the patient knew and felt about the illness. What physicians often did, for its diagnostic value, was to construct a finely detailed account of the subjective experience of sickness (ie, the development and course of symptoms) in a particular individual. The result may have been closer to a story of a disease in a person than to a story about a person. But it was in its own way a story, since the narrative accessed both subjective and objective realities. The need for diagnostically convincing narratives has now, to some extent, declined because of advances in laboratory diagnosis. Consequently, even straightforwardly somatic symptoms tend to get short shrift in
Quantitative analysis of murine terminal erythroid differentiation in vivo: novel method to study normal and disordered erythropoiesis
Authors: Jing Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Yelena Ginzburg, Huihui Li, Fumin Xue, Lucia De Franceschi, Joel Anne Chasis, Narla Mohandas, Xiuli An
Journal: Blood (2013)
Reduced DNAM-1 expression on bone marrow NK cells associated with impaired killing of CD34+ blasts in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: M Carlsten, B C Baumann, M Simonsson, M Jädersten, A-M Forsblom, C Hammarstedt, Y T Bryceson, H-G Ljunggren, E Hellström-Lindberg, K-J Malmberg
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Soluble uric acid primes TLR-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by human primary cells via inhibition of IL-1Ra
Authors: Tania O Crișan, Maartje C P Cleophas, Marije Oosting, Heidi Lemmers, Helga Toenhake-Dijkstra, Mihai G Netea, Tim L Jansen, Leo A B Joosten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

The study of the proinflammatory role of uric acid has focused on the effects of its crystals of monosodium urate (MSU). However, little is known whether uric acid itself can directly have proinflammatory effects. In this study, we investigate the priming effects of uric acid exposure on the cytokine production of primary human cells upon stimulation with gout-related stimuli.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were harvested from patients with gout and healthy volunteers. Cells were pretreated with or without uric acid in soluble form for 24 h and then stimulated for 24 h with toll-like receptor (TLR)2 or TLR4 ligands in the presence or absence of MSU crystals. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA; mRNA levels were assessed using qPCR.The production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was higher in patients compared with controls and this correlated with serum urate levels. Proinflammatory cytokine production was significantly potentiated when cells from healthy subjects were pretreated with uric acid. Surprisingly, this was associated with a significant downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). This effect was specific to stimulation by uric acid and was exerted at the level of gene transcription. Epigenetic reprogramming at the level of histone methylation by uric acid was involved in this effect.In this study we demonstrate a mechanism through which high concentrations of uric acid (up to 50 mg/dL) influence inflammatory responses by facilitating IL-1β production in PBMCs. We show that a mechanism for the amplification of IL-1β consists in the downregulation of IL-1Ra and that this effect could be exerted via epigenetic mechanisms such as histone methylation. Hyperuricaemia causes a shift in the IL-1β/IL-1Ra balance produced by PBMCs after exposure to MSU crystals and TLR-mediated stimuli, and this phenomenon is likely to reinforce the enhanced state of chronic inflammation.
EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE GLUCOSIDE UPON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN SUBJECTS 1
Authors: R. C. Bentinck, Gilbert S. Gordan, John E. Adams, L. H. Arnstein, T. B. Leake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

I NTRODUCTIONAn effect of steroidal hormones up)on cerebral metabolism was suggested by Selye's (1) observa- tionl that steroids possess anesthetic properties when administered to experimental animals.Gordan and Elliott (2) subsequently showed that cer- tain steroids inhibit glucose utilization by rat brain in vitro and that their comparative inhibitory activity parallels their reported anesthetic potency.These observations were confirmiie(d by Hayano, Schiller, and Dorfman (3).The p)ossibility that steroidal inhibition of cerebral oxidative processes may be a physiological occurrence was demonstrated by Eisenberg, Gordan, and Elliott (4, 5).
Sonosensitive theranostic liposomes for preclinical in vivo MRI-guided visualization of doxorubicin release stimulated by pulsed low intensity non-focused ultrasound
Authors: S. Rizzitelli, P. Giustetto, J.C. Cutrin, D. Delli Castelli, C. Boffa, M. Ruzza, V. Menchise, F. Molinari, S. Aime, E. Terreno
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Abstract P6-07-21: Signs and symptoms at central nervous system (CNS) relapse in breast cancer patients with Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis related with shorter survival after recurrence
Authors: HL Gomez, LJ Schwarz, J Vásquez, SP Neciosup, JA Pinto, T Vidaurre, G Ferreyros, CS Vallejos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: There are signs and symptoms detected at CNS relapse in breast cancer patients that could be identified as a poor prognosis feature of the disease. Objectives: To describe the commonest signs and symptoms at CNS relapse and its relation with post SNC - recurrence survival in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC). Methods: We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 2597 women with breast cancer treated at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Lima-Perú) in the period 2000–2005. Clinical data was retrieved from medical records. Breast cancer phenotypes were determined by IHC expression of hormonal receptors (HR) and HER2 and categorized in [HR+, HER2−], triple-negative (TN) [HR−, HER2−] and Her-2 [HR+/−, HER2 +]. The main endpoint was Post-CNS recurrence survival. Results: A total of 157 cases had CNS relapse from which 124 had only brain metastases, 19 only leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC), and 14 both. Forty three cases were [HR+, HER2−] (5 LMC), 68 were TN (13 LMC) and 51 were [HR+/−, HER2 +] (15 LMC). 152 cases were in clinical stages I-III at diagnosis (96.8% of all SNC relapses). There was no association between IHC phenotypes and age at CNS relapse, ECOG Performance Status (p = 0.837), extracraneal metastases (p = 0.304), control of primary tumor (p = 0.164), number or volume of brain metastases (p = 0.706). Significant association was found between phenotype and time from diagnosis to development of CNS metastases (≤8 months: 16.3% in TN, 7.3% in Her-2 and 0% for [HR+, HER2−]; p = 0.017) and histological grade (grade III: 74.4% in TN, 55.% in Her-2 and 30% for [HR+, HER2−]; p = 0.006). Symptoms/signs commonest in LMC patients were cephalea (7 cases, 72%), meningism (6, 24%), nausea (6, 24%), vomiting (5, 20%), ataxia (5, 20%), facial palsy (4, 16%), somnolence (4, 16%), paraparesia (3, 12%), hiporeflexia (3, 12%), apraxia (3, 12%), arreflexia (3, 12%), poor sphincter control (3, 12%), hemiparesia (2, 8%), seizures (2, 8%), bradypsichia (2, 8%), neuropathic pain (1, 4%). Meningism was most frequent in TN cases (50%). Post recurrence survival was shorter in LMC TN patients (3.61mo vs 4.89mo to [HR+, HER2−] vs 5.95mo to [HR+/−, HER2 +; p = 0.044] and in LMC patients with meningism (1.38mo vs 5.26mo; p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identify meningism as the worse risk factor for survival in patients relapsed with LMC (HR: 4.33 compared with patients without LMC; p = 0.066). Conclusions: In LMC patients, meningism was identified as a sign related to shorter survival after the SNC relapse. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-21.
Septicemia and Meningitis in Children Splenectomized for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Robert R. Chilcote, Robert L. Baehner, Denman Hammond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Retrospective evaluation of the occurrence of septicemia and meningitis in 200 children who had staging laparotomy with splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease revealed 20 episodes occurring in 18 children. Symptoms were usually fulminant; only 10 of these patients survived their episode. Infections occurred eight days to three years after splenectomy. Adolescents, as well as younger children, were affected; half were older than 10 years of age. Leukopenia was not a major factor in onset or survival since the average white-cell count was 12,000 in both survivors and children who died. Pneumococcus accounted for 50 per cent, and streptococcus for 15 per cent of infections; there was one episode each of Haemophilus influenzae and meningococcus; in 25 per cent, no organism was isolated. Predominance of penicillin-sensitive organisms and high mortality suggest that penicillin prophylaxis and the protection offered by bacterial vaccines should be evaluated in children with Hodgkin's disease whose staging laparotomy includes splenectomy. (N Engl J Med 295:798–800, 1976)
SKIN TEMPERATURE IN ALOPECIA AREATA.*
Authors: A. C. ROXBURGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1931)

Journal Article SKIN TEMPERATURE IN ALOPECIA AREATA. Get access A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., F.R.C.P. A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician in Charge of the Skin‐Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 43, Issue 1, 1 January 1931, Pages 20–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1931.tb09440.x Published: 01 January 1931
Intentions to Communicate Positive HIV-Antibody Status to Sex Partners
Authors: Susan M. Kegeles
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —To reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through sexual activity, individuals are urged to (1) reduce their number of sexual partners, (2) avoid behaviors that transmit the virus, and (3) know their partners' sexual history or HIV-antibody status. However, it is uncertain whether HIV-positive individuals will reveal their antibody status to their sexual partners. <h3>Study.</h3> —Individuals obtaining HIV-antibody testing at two alternative testing centers in Alameda County, California, completed self-administered questionnaires prior to obtaining their test results. Assessed were sexual practices, number of sexual partners in the preceding month, and intentions to communicate positive test results to sex partners. This analysis is limited to homosexual and bisexual men who were sexually active in the previous month and were not in mutually monogamous relationships (32.7% of homosexual/ bisexual men at the clinic were monogamous or celibate). Individuals were categorized in relation to the previous month's