tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxic Effects in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Angiography
Authors: Peter Aspelin, Pierre Aubry, Sven-Göran Fransson, Ruth Strasser, Roland Willenbrock, Knut Joachim Berg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The use of iodinated contrast medium can result in nephropathy. Whether iso-osmolar contrast medium is less nephrotoxic than low-osmolar contrast medium in high-risk patients is uncertain.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, prospective, multicenter study comparing the nephrotoxic effects of an iso-osmolar, dimeric, nonionic contrast medium, iodixanol, with those of a low-osmolar, nonionic, monomeric contrast medium, iohexol. The study involved 129 patients with diabetes with serum creatinine concentrations of 1.5 to 3.5 mg per deciliter who underwent coronary or aortofemoral angiography. The primary end point was the peak increase from base line in the creatinine concentration during the three days after angiography. Other end points were an increase in the creatinine concentration of 0.5 mg per deciliter or more, an increase of 1.0 mg per deciliter or more, and a change in the creatinine concentration from day 0 to day 7.The creatinine concentration increased significantly less in patients who received iodixanol. From day 0 to day 3, the mean peak increase in creatinine was 0.13 mg per deciliter in the iodixanol group and 0.55 mg per deciliter in the iohexol group (P=0.001; the increase with iodixanol minus the increase with iohexol, -0.42 mg per deciliter [95 percent confidence interval, -0.73 to -0.22]). Two of the 64 patients in the iodixanol group (3 percent) had an increase in the creatinine concentration of 0.5 mg per deciliter or more, as compared with 17 of the 65 patients in the iohexol group (26 percent) (P=0.002; odds ratio for such an increase in the iodixanol group, 0.09 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.41]). No patient receiving iodixanol had an increase of 1.0 mg per deciliter or more, but 10 patients in the iohexol group (15 percent) did. The mean change in the creatinine concentration from day 0 to day 7 was 0.07 mg per deciliter in the iodixanol group and 0.24 mg per deciliter in the iohexol group (P=0.003; value in the iodixanol group minus the value in the iohexol group, -0.17 mg per deciliter [95 percent confidence interval, -0.34 to -0.07]).Nephropathy induced by contrast medium may be less likely to develop in high-risk patients when iodixanol is used rather than a low-osmolar, nonionic contrast medium.
No dramatic age-related loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in Bcl-2 over-expression mice or Bax null mice
Authors: Haiyan Shen, Jonathan I Matsui, Debin Lei, Lirong Han, Kevin K Ohlemiller, Jianxin Bao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Abstract Age-related decline of neuronal function is associated with age-related structural changes. In the central nervous system, age-related decline of cognitive performance is thought to be caused by synaptic loss instead of neuronal loss. However, in the cochlea, age-related loss of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is consistently observed in a variety of species, including humans. Since age-related loss of these cells is a major contributing factor to presbycusis, it is important to study possible molecular mechanisms underlying this age-related cell death. Previous studies suggested that apoptotic pathways were involved in age-related loss of hair cells and SGNs. In the present study, we examined the role of Bcl-2 gene in age-related hearing loss. In one transgenic mouse line over-expressing human Bcl-2, there were no significant differences between transgenic mice and wild type littermate controls in their hearing thresholds during aging. Histological analysis of the hair cells and SGNs showed no significant conservation of these cells in transgenic animals compared to the wild type controls during aging. These data suggest that Bcl-2 overexpression has no significant effect on age-related loss of hair cells and SGNs. We also found no delay of age-related hearing loss in mice lacking Bax gene. These findings suggest that age-related hearing loss is not through an apoptotic pathway involving key members of Bcl-2 family.
Infant mortality fell by a third in India from 2003 to 2012
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India has seen a 30% decline in infant mortality since 2003. The rate fell from 60 deaths per 1000 live births in 2003 to 42 in 2012, show statistics from the government’s Sample Registration System.1

The data also indicate that the infant death rate has halved in the state of Tamil Nadu, from 43 per 1000 live births in 2003 to 21 in 2012. In the same period the decline in the infant death …
Chest Pain Relief by Nitroglycerin
Authors: Arthur T. Evans, Brendan M. Reilly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 August 2004Chest Pain Relief by NitroglycerinArthur T. Evans, MD, MPH and Brendan M. Reilly, MDArthur T. Evans, MD, MPHFrom Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612.Search for more papers by this author and Brendan M. Reilly, MDFrom Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Henrikson and colleagues (1) concluded that pain relief by nitroglycerin did not predict disease in 459 patients admitted to the hospital for work-up of possible ischemic heart disease. Many study participants with missing or uninterpretable test results were dropped from the analysis, an important type of selection bias that can be measured (and eliminated) when calculating likelihood ratios (2). In addition, the study involved a highly select subgroup—patients with rest pain occurring during evaluation—rather than all patients presenting with chest pain. However, the most serious threat to the validity and generalizability of Henrikson and colleagues' findings is ...References1. Henrikson CA, Howell EE, Bush DE, Miles JS, Meininger GR, Friedlander T, et al . Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:979-86. [PMID: 14678917] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Begg CB. Biases in the assessment of diagnostic tests. Stat Med. 1987;6:411-23. [PMID: 3114858] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur T. Evans, MD, MPH; Brendan M. Reilly, MDAffiliations: From Cook County Hospital and Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChest Pain Relief by Nitroglycerin Does Not Predict Active Coronary Artery Disease Charles A. Henrikson , Eric E. Howell , David E. Bush , J. Shawn Miles , Glenn R. Meininger , Tracy Friedlander , Andrew C. Bushnell , and Nisha Chandra-Strobos Chest Pain Relief by Nitroglycerin Charles A. Henrikson and Nisha Chandra-Strobos Metrics 17 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 4Page: 324KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseEmergency departmentHeart diseasesHeart failureIschemiaLikelihood ratioLongitudinal studiesPatientsSpecificity ePublished: 17 August 2004 Issue Published: 17 August 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Control of infection in general practice
Authors: G. J Duckworth
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are facing a double burden of communicable and non-communicable disease. <b>Patricio Marquez</b> and <b>Jill Farrington</b> argue that knowledge of their common determinants and the links between diseases should be used to spur development of coordinated programmes to prevent and treat both
Documentation of Contraception and Pregnancy When Prescribing Potentially Teratogenic Medications for Reproductive-Age Women
Authors: Eleanor Bimla Schwarz, Debbie A. Postlethwaite, Yun-Yi Hung, Mary Anne Armstrong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Certain medications are identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as class D or X because they increase the risk for birth defects if used during pregnancy. Objective: To assess pregnancy rates and the frequency of contraceptive counseling documented with prescriptions for class D or X drugs filled by women of reproductive age. Design: Description of prescriptions filled in 2001. Setting: A large health maintenance organization in northern California in 2001. Patients: 488 175 women age 15 to 44 years who filled a total of 1 011 658 class A, B, D, or X prescriptions. Measurements: Medications dispensed, contraceptive counseling, and pregnancy testing. Results: A class D or X prescription was filled by 1 of every 6 women studied. Women who filled a prescription for class D or X medications were no more likely than women who filled prescriptions for safer, class A or B medications to have received contraceptive counseling, filled a contraceptive prescription, or been sterilized (48% vs. 51% of prescriptions). There was little variation by clinical indication in rates of contraceptive counseling with class D or X prescriptions, except for isotretinoin. Women who filled a class D or X prescription were only slightly less likely to have a pregnancy documented within 3 months than women filling a class A or B prescription (1.0% vs. 1.4% of prescriptions). Limitations: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes underestimate contraceptive counseling. Documentation of a positive pregnancy test after filling a prescription may overestimate medication use in early pregnancy. Women who filled several prescriptions are overrepresented in prescription analyses. Conclusion: Prescriptions for potentially teratogenic medications are frequently filled by women of childbearing age without documentation of contraceptive counseling.
Erythrocyte ion fluxes in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: A de la Sierra, A Coca, J C Paré, M Sánchez, V Valls, A Urbano-Márquez
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in essential hypertension (EH). Several hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors have been involved in the development of LVH in hypertension, including abnormalities in cellular ion mobilization. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured different ion transport systems in erythrocytes from 50 patients with EH classified as having or not having LVH measured by M-mode echocardiography. Thirty-two EH patients (64%) exhibited criteria of LVH, and 18 (36%) did not. When the two groups were compared, patients with LVH were older (44.7 +/- 7.4 versus 37.6 +/- 9.2 years; P &lt; .01) and exhibited higher rates of erythrocyte Na(+)-H+ exchange (9.8 +/- 4.1 versus 7.1 +/- 2.6 mmol.[L.cells.h]-1; P &lt; .05) and higher intraerythrocyte Na+ content (8.5 +/- 1.3 versus 7.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/L per cell; P &lt; .01). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, as well as biochemical, hormonal, and other erythrocyte ion transport systems studied did not differ between EH with or without LVH. The results of a multiple linear regression analysis using left ventricular mass index (LVMI) as the dependent variable showed that Na(+)-H+ exchange and the maximal rate of the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport were the only two independently significant parameters associated with an increased LVMI. CONCLUSIONS The increased rate of the erythrocyte Na(+)-H+ exchange and the decreased maximal rate of the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport system are both associated with the presence of LVH in EH patients. These abnormalities of ion transport pathways tend to increase the intracellular Na+ content and may be involved in the pathogenesis of LVH in EH.
Endocrine and anatomical correlations in human ovarian pathology.
Authors: A F Haney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Knowledge of normal gonadal hormone production and function provides the basis for understanding the ovarian pathologic effects resulting from perturbations in endocrine balance and feedback. A precisely timed, complex, and well-coordinated cascade of ovarian steroidogenesis accompanies normal cyclical follicular function. This cascade involves both estrogens and androgens. Alterations in the hormonal milieu are associated with specific morphological changes in the ovary. While predictable hormonal changes accompany commencement of menopause, several disease states are associated with ovarian dysfunction. These diseases include polycystic ovarian syndrome and hyperthecosis, both associated with androgenization. Ovarian tumors may also be associated with morphological and clinical alterations. While endocrinologically inert ovarian tumors are associated with morphologic evidence of stromal activation, endocrinologically active ovarian tumors may cause differentiation along either male or female lines as a consequence of differential productions of androgens and estrogens.
Age-Related Homeostatic Midchannel Proteolysis of Neuronal L-type Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels
Authors: Ioannis E. Michailidis, Kathryn Abele-Henckels, Wei K. Zhang, Bochao Lin, Yong Yu, Lawrence S. Geyman, Michael D. Ehlers, Eftychios A. Pnevmatikakis, Jian Yang
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Serial Biopsy in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: S. C. Truelove, A. R. Horler, W. C. D. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1955)

A recent therapeutic trial showed that patients treated with cortisone were nearly three times as likely to go into clinical remission as patients in a control group not receiving cortisone (Truelove and Witts, 1954).However, some workers have considered that corticotrophin (A.C.T.H.) and cortisone may check the bloody BRITISH
The delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism and bone and blood lead levels in community-exposed men: the Normative Aging Study.
Authors: H Hu, M T Wu, Y Cheng, D Sparrow, S Weiss, K Kelsey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Recent research has indicated that a polymorphic variant of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) may influence an individual's level of lead in bone and blood and, as a result, may also influence an individual's susceptibility to lead toxicity. In this study, we investigated whether this ALAD polymorphism is associated with altered levels of lead in bone and blood among 726 middle-aged and elderly men who had community (nonoccupational) exposures to lead. We measured levels of blood and bone lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and a K X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) instrument, respectively. We determined the ALAD MspI polymorphism in exon 4 by a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Of the 726 subjects, 7 (1%) and 111 (15%) were, respectively, homozygous and heterozygous for the variant allele. The mean (SD) of blood lead (micrograms per deciliter), cortical bone (tibia) lead (micrograms per gram), and trabecular bone (patella) lead (micrograms per gram) were 6.2 (4.1), 22.1 (13.5), and 31.9 (19.5) in subjects who did not have the variant allele (ALAD 1-1), and 5.7 (4.2), 21.2 (10.9), and 30.4 (17.2) in the combined subjects who were either heterozygous or homozygous for the variant allele (ALAD 1-2 and ALAD 2-2). In multivariate linear regression models that controlled for age, education, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and vitamin D intake, the ALAD 1-1 genotype was associated with cortical bone lead levels that were 2.55 microg/g [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-5.05] higher than those of the variant allele carriers. We found no significant differences by genotype with respect to lead levels in trabecular bone or blood. In stratified analyses and a multivariate regression model that tested for interaction, the relationship of trabecular bone lead to blood lead appeared to be significantly modified by ALAD genotype, with variant allele carriers having higher blood lead levels, but only when trabecular bone lead levels exceeded 60 microg/g. These results suggest that the variant ALAD-2 allele modifies lead kinetics possibly by decreasing lead uptake into cortical bone and increasing the mobilization of lead from trabecular bone.
TUBERCULOID LEPROSY: WARTY LEPRIDE
Authors: OSWALDO G. COSTA, HEUSER B. ALEIXO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article TUBERCULOID LEPROSY: WARTY LEPRIDE Get access OSWALDO G. COSTA, M.D., OSWALDO G. COSTA, M.D. Extra‐mural Teacher at the Clinic of Skin Diseases and Syphilis of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HEUSER B. ALEIXO, M.D HEUSER B. ALEIXO, M.D Extra‐mural Teacher at the Clinic of Skin Diseases and Syphilis of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1948, Pages 243–248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb11296.x Published: 01 July 1948
FALSE CONCEPTS OF DISEASES OR CONDITIONS AS PSYCHOGENIC FOCI
Authors: Lloyd H. Ziegler, Jacob Heyman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1935)

1. The concepts which 100 laymen have concerning cancer, tuberculosis, heart disease, nervousness, insanity, health and disease, masculinity and femininity, were elicited by interview. These are summarized in tables. 2. Numerous discrepancies may be found between a layman's concept and the known facts. 3. Such discrepancies constitute causes for insecurity through unnecessary anxiety about diseases not found to be present. 4. Incomplete or false concepts may be the basis of inadequate protection to a person with the symptoms and signs of serious disease. 5. False concepts may cause the usual signs of disease to be distorted. 6. False concepts may thus be the basis for psychogenic vulner-ability under certain circumstances and to certairt individuals. 7. False concepts may, at times, be as deleteriıus as disease-producing bacteria. 8. The study of concepts of disease and conditions has important mental hygiene and public health implications.
Liposomes loaded with paclitaxel and modified with novel triphenylphosphonium-PEG-PE conjugate possess low toxicity, target mitochondria and demonstrate enhanced antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Swati Biswas, Namita S. Dodwadkar, Pranali P. Deshpande, Vladimir P. Torchilin
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Red meat increases risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Eating red and processed meat increases the risk of people developing colorectal cancer, according to a European prospective study published this week ( Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2005;97: 906-16). The latest results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) showed that the risk of developing bowel cancer was a third higher for people eating more than two …
Association between hypouricaemia and jaundice.
Authors: L Schlosstein, I Kippen, R Bluestone, M W Whitehouse, J R Klinenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

During routine biochemical screening of over 4,000 patients admitted to the Veterans Administration Wadsworth Hospital Center, a small number were found to have serum urate concentrations below 2-2 mg/100 ml.Most of these patients had profound illness, including severe hepatic involvement with jaundice.It is known that circulating bilirubin is highly bound to proteins (Odell, 1959).Previous studies if this laboratory have shown that many protein-bound anions may displace protein-bound urate in vitro and may have a uricosuric effect when given to patients with hyperuricaemia or to normal volun- teers (Bluestone, Kippen, and Klinenberg, 1969; Klinenberg, Bluestone, Schlosstein, Waisman, and Whitehouse, 1973).Therefore, a study of urate excretion and plasma binding of urate in transiently jaundiced patients was undertaken to investigate any direct relationship between hyperbilirubinaemia and hypouricaemia.Additional experiments were per- formed with rats that were made jaundiced by ligation of the common bile duct.
Familial Myocardial Disease with and without Obstruction to Left Ventricular Outflow
Authors: W. K. NASSER, J. F. WILLIAMS, M. E. MISHKIN, R. H. CHILDRESS, C. HELMEN, A. D. MERRITT, P. D. GENOVESE
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Right and left heart catheterization, including selective cineangiocardiography, was performed in 20 of the 33 patients examined in a large Negro family. Fifteen had features compatible with the diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Sudden death has not occurred in this family. Many of the patients were young and were totally unaware of the heart disease, although 11 had symptoms of dyspnea on exertion. A large number of individuals in this family were found to be affected by a familial form of heart disease with similar clinical manifestations, but with a wide spectrum of hemodynamic and cineangiocardiographic abnormalities ranging from no obstruction to ventricular outflow and only mild indentation of the ventricular cavity to obstruction and marked narrowing of both ventricular outflow tracts. The patients with obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract were older than those without obstruction. Therefore, this study provides further evidence that in families with myocardial disease, the presence or absence of outflow tract obstruction is merely a different manifestation of the same basic cardiac disease. This study has also demonstrated distinct left ventricular abnormalities quite early in life suggesting that the disease may be of congenital origin and that obstruction may be a function of the duration of the disease.
Hemodynamic, respiratory, and perfusion parameters during asphyxia, resuscitation, and post-resuscitation in a pediatric model of cardiac arrest
Authors: Jesús López-Herce, Bárbara Fernández, Javier Urbano, Santiago Mencía, Maria José Solana, Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez, Jose María Bellón, Angel Carrillo
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
RELATIONSHIP OF THE HORMONES TO THE TOXEMIAS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: HOWARD C. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The alterations that take place in the maternal physiology with the onset of pregnancy may be ascribed to one cause or to a combination of causes. The more important include the pressure effects of the enlarging abdominal mass, the changes produced on the maternal circulation by the development of the vascular system of the placenta, the demands made by the growing ovum and by the reproductive organs of the mother for nutritive materials and perhaps the need for disposal of certain waste products or antibodies produced in the developing fetus. Finally, there are the so-called sex hormones formed in the placenta which from a period early in pregnancy are found in the maternal body fluids in concentrations far above anything ever observed in the nonpregnant state. Specific toxemia, or "hypertensive albuminuria." is a disease which apparently can develop only in women and only under the peculiar conditions of pregnancy. It