tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Total-Body and Central Abdominal Fat: The Effect of Physical Activity in Female Twins
Authors: Katherine Samaras
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity has focused attention on the contribution of physical activity and its interaction with predisposing genetic factors. Objective: To examine 1) the relation between physical activity and total-body and central abdominal fat, independent of genetic and other environmental factors, and 2) the influence of physical activity in persons who are genetically susceptible to generalized or central adiposity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A London academic teaching hospital. Patients: 970 healthy female twins (mean age, 55.5 years [range, 39 to 70 years]; body mass index, 24.4 kg/m2 [range, 16.4 to 44.0 kg/mg 2]). There were 241 monozygotic pairs, 228 dizygotic pairs, and 32 women whose co-twin lacked complete data. Fifty-six percent of participants were of normal weight, 30% were overweight, 7% were obese, and 7% were underweight. Measurements: Total-body and central abdominal fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity was assessed by quantitative and semi-quantitative questionnaires. Data on dietary intake, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were also gathered. Results: Total-body and abdominal central adiposity were lower with higher levels of home, sporting, and sweating-associated activity. Total-body and central abdominal fat were 5.6 kg and 0.44 kg lower, respectively, in participants who reported vigorous weight-bearing activity. Physical activity was the strongest independent predictor of total-body fat (β = −0.6 [CI, −1.06 to −0.15]; P = 0.009) and central abdominal fat (β = −0.07 [CI, −0.1 to −0.03]; P < 0.001) in a regression model that included age, diet, smoking, HRT use, and socioeconomic status. Monozygotic twin pairs who were concordant for smoking and HRT status but were discordant for moderate-intensity sport showed greater within-pair differences in total-body fat than those who were concordant for activity level. In this model, 1 and 2 hours of moderate-intensity sport accounted for within-pair differences of 1.0 kg (P = 0.050) and 1.4 kg (P = 0.040), respectively, of total-body fat. In participants who had an overweight twin, higher levels of physical activity were still associated with 3.96-kg lower total-body fat and 0.53-kg lower central abdominal fat. Conclusions: Current physical activity predicts lower total-body and central abdominal adiposity in healthy middle-aged women. After controlling for genetic and environmental factors, the influence of physical activity was greater than that of other measured environmental factors. Participants with a genetic predisposition to adiposity did not show a lesser effect of physical activity on body fat mass.
The Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: Efficacy, Complications, and Device Failures
Authors: FRANCIS E. MARCHLINSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Twenty-six patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias received the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. A patch lead only was placed during arrhythmia surgery in 7 other patients. During 13 ± 6 (SD) months, the device discharged in 10 patients because of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia. No sudden deaths occurred. There were 31 complications in 17 patients, including postoperative refractory heart failure, coronary artery erosion, subclavian vein thrombosis, postoperative stroke after conversion of atrial fibrillation, atelectasis with pneumonia, symptomatic pleural effusions, and infection at the generator site. The cardioverter-defibrillator discharged in 9 asymptomatic patients, failed to terminate ventricular fibrillation during postoperative testing in 3 patients, and had premature battery failure in 4 patients. Tachycardia slowing during chronic amiodarone therapy and unipolar ventricular pacing during ventricular fibrillation precluded or delayed arrhythmia sensing. Thus, the cardioverter-defibrillator can be life saving, but its potential complications and interactions with antiarrhythmic drugs and pacemakers must be considered at patient selection.
The correspondence metaphor of memory: Right, wrong, or useful?
Authors: Asher Koriat, Morris Goldsmith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Our response to the commentators covers four general issues: (1) How useful is our proposed conceptualization of the real-life/laboratory controversy in terms of the contrast between the correspondence and storehouse metaphors? (2) What is the relationship between these two metaphors? (3) What are the unique implications of the correspondence metaphor for memory assessment and theory? (4) What are the nature and role of memory metaphors in memory research? We stress that the correspondence metaphor can be usefully exploited independent of the real-life/laboratory controversy, but that a variety of other metaphors, including the storehouse, should also be utilized in order to more fully capture the myriad facets and functions of memory in everyday life.
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults with Hyperactivity of Childhood Onset
Authors: Alan J. Zametkin, Thomas E. Nordahl, Michael Gross, A. Catherine King, William E. Semple, Judith Rumsey, Susan Hamburger, Robert M. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The cause of childhood hyperactivity (attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder) is unknown. We investigated the hypothesis that cerebral glucose metabolism might differ between normal adults (controls) and adults with histories of hyperactivity in childhood who continued to have symptoms. Each patient was also the biologic parent of a hyperactive child. None of the adults had ever been treated with stimulant medication. To measure cerebral glucose metabolism, we administered 148 to 185 MBq (4 to 5 mCi) of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose intravenously to 50 normal adults and 25 hyperactive adults while they performed an auditory-attention task. Images were obtained for 30 minutes with a Scanditronix positron-emission tomograph with a resolution of 5 to 6 mm. Whole-brain and regional rates of glucose metabolism were measured with computer assistance by two trained research assistants, working independently, who were blinded to the subjects' status (control or hyperactive).Global cerebral glucose metabolism was 8.1 percent lower in the adults with hyperactivity than in the normal controls (mean +/- SD, 9.05 +/- 1.20 mg per minute per 100 g vs. 9.85 +/- 1.68 mg per minute per 100 g; P = 0.034). In the adults with hyperactivity, glucose metabolism was significantly reduced, as compared with the values for the controls, in 30 of 60 specific regions of the brain (P less than 0.05). Among the regions of the brain with the greatest reductions in glucose metabolism were the premotor cortex and the superior prefrontal cortex. When the seven women with hyperactivity or the six patients with learning disabilities were omitted from the analysis, the results were similar.Glucose metabolism, both global and regional, was reduced in adults who had been hyperactive since childhood. The largest reductions were in the premotor cortex and the superior prefrontal cortex--areas earlier shown to be involved in the control of attention and motor activity.
Failure of atrial natriuretic factor to increase with volume expansion in acute and chronic congestive heart failure in the dog.
Authors: M M Redfield, B S Edwards, M D McGoon, D M Heublein, L L Aarhus, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (1989)

It remains unclear whether the levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) observed in chronic CHF are appropriate for the magnitude of elevations in atrial pressures. Specifically, it is not known whether acute increases in atrial pressure in CHF can result in further significant increases in circulating ANF. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that in chronic CHF there is an attenuated relation between circulating ANF and atrial pressure such that the heart is unable to respond to further increases in atrial pressure with appropriate increases in ANF. Cardiovascular hemodynamics and plasma levels of ANF were measured at baseline and after rapid right ventricular pacing (RRVP) to produce acute (n = 10, 25 minutes RRVP) and chronic (n = 7, 14-16 days RRVP) CHF. Acute saline volume expansion was then performed in each group to determine the response of circulating ANF to acute increases in atrial pressure in both acute and chronic CHF. In chronic CHF, right atrial pressure was much higher than in acute CHF (8.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.05); however, circulating ANF was not greater in chronic as compared with acute CHF (385 +/- 73 vs. 500 +/- 89 pg/ml), which is consistent with an attenuated release of ANF in chronic CHF. In response to volume expansion, right atrial pressure increased in both acute (3.4 +/- 1.3 to 12.1 +/- 7 mm Hg) and chronic (8.5 +/- .9 to 13.3 +/- 1.0 mm Hg) CHF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Authors: N. P. J. Walker, C. M. Ridley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome Get access N. P. J. Walker, N. P. J. Walker Department of Dermatology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. M. Ridley C. M. Ridley Department of Dermatology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 3, 1 March 1991, Page 300, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00581.x Published: 01 March 1991
Preoperative Neodymium-YAG Laser Treatment of Obstructive Colon Cancer
Authors: P. Kiefhaber, K. Kiefhaber, F. Huber
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Present conventional surgical therapy of obstructive colon cancers of the right colon is primary resection, whereas in the left colon it is a two-stage or three-stage operation with a temporary colostomy. Morbidity and mortality rates in staged operations are still as high as 40% and 24%, respectively. Preoperative recanalization of obstructive cancers by neodymium-YAG laser vaporization will tend to relieve the symptoms of ileus and will permit preoperative peroral bowel lavage. For this reason primary resection with primary anastomosis is practicable in patients who have recovered from symptoms of ileus. In 27 cases who had been operated on with left-side hemicolectomy or anterior resection, the mortality rate was 3.7% (1/27). The total inpatient mortality rate of all laser-treated patients who had been operated on by different operative procedures, or who had not been surgically treated, was 8.8% (5/57).
Resistance of <i>bcr‐abl</i>‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia to daunorubicin is not mediated by <i>mdr1</i> Gene Expression
Authors: Mamta Gupta, Anil Kumar, Sunil Dabadghao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract In vitro resistance to anthracyclines is thought to be a poor prognosis in achieving long‐term remission in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Expression of a multidrug resistance gene ( mdr1 ) that codes for 170 Kd transmembrane glycoprotein is responsible for conferring resistance to malignant cells to anthracyclines. The t(9:22) translocation, resulting in bcr‐abl fusion gene, is commonly found in B‐lineage ALL and is known to be a poor prognostic factor for long‐term remission. To investigate whether resistance to anthracyclines contributes to poor prognosis in bcr‐abl ‐positive ALL, we studied daunorubicin sensitivity by an in vitro colorimetric methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay in B‐lineage ALL patients who were bcr‐abl ‐positive and compared them with the B‐lineage, age‐matched bcr‐abl ‐negative group. We also looked for and compared the presence of mdr1 gene expression in these two groups of patients by RT‐PCR. Of the 46 patients included in the study, 16 (34.7%) were positive for the bcr‐abl fusion gene. mdr1 gene expression was seen in 14 of these 46 patients (30.4%). However, the expression of the mdr1 gene was relatively lower in the bcr‐abl ‐positive group (3 out of 16, 18.7%) compared to the bcr‐abl ‐negative group (11 out of 30, 36.6%). The median LD 50 of daunorubicin (concentration lethal to 50% of the leukemic blasts) differed significantly between bcr‐abl ‐positive and ‐negative patients ( P = 0.018). This in vitro study suggests that bcr‐abl ‐positive ALL is relatively resistant to daunorubicin, but this resistance is not mediated through mdr1 gene expression. Am. J. Hematol. 71:172–176, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotine chewing gum in general practice
Authors: G. Fowler, M. Vessey, N. Wald
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Clinical experience suggests that as with all problems of addiction the patient must take some initiative and positively be seeking assistance for any treatment to produce worthwhile results.I would further suggest that in Britain the fact that prescriptions of nicotine chewing gum are not covered by the National Health Service itself filters out some half hearted potent al recipients.
Hoxb7 Inhibits Transgenic HER-2/neu–Induced Mouse Mammary Tumor Onset but Promotes Progression and Lung Metastasis
Authors: Hexin Chen, Ji Shin Lee, Xiaohui Liang, Huiping Zhang, Tao Zhu, Zhe Zhang, M. Evangeline Taylor, Cynthia Zahnow, Lionel Feigenbaum, Alan Rein, Saraswati Sukumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Our previous studies have shown that HOXB7 mRNA is overexpressed in approximately 50% of invasive breast carcinomas and promotes tumor progression in breast cancer cells grown as xenografts in mice. In silico analysis of published microarray data showed that high levels of HOXB7 predict a poor outcome in HER-2-positive (P = 0.046), but not in HER-2-negative breast cancers (P = 0.94). To study the function of HOXB7 in vivo in the context of HER-2 overexpression, we generated mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Hoxb7 transgenic mice, and then crossed them with MMTV-HER-2/neu transgenic mice. In the mice carrying both Hoxb7 and HER-2/neu transgenes, Hoxb7 plays a dual role in mammary tumorigenesis. In double transgenic mice, overexpression of Hoxb7 delayed tumor onset and lowered tumor multiplicity. However, consistent with the clinical data, once the tumors appeared, their growth was faster and metastasis to the lungs occurred at a higher frequency. Our data show, for the first time, that deregulated expression of Hoxb7 in mammary tumor cells can significantly modulate HER-2/neu-oncogene induced tumorigenesis in vivo.
CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY: THE RESULTS OF 125 CONSECUTIVE CASES EXAMINED BY THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SALT
Authors: J. H. Mather, W. R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1927)

XTB3R BnJmQ svmptoms have been markedly reduced and the radio- graphic results no less valuable, if not quite so striking.An injection of 4 grams for a stout subject and 3 grams for one of slender build, in each case dissolved in 40 to 60 e.cm. of distilled water, may be reckoned a perfectly safe dose.We have been unable to recognize any particular benefit from special preparation, or from the regular dosage with alkalis, which was followed scrupulously iu our earlier cases.We have as yet had no opportunity to test the newer drug,.phenol-tetra-iodo-phthalein, which, in Graham's clinic, is found to be less toxic than the tetra- iodo-phenol-phthalein. Concliusions.Cholecystography is a method of real clinical value in the diagnosis of diseases of the gall bladder.Not only does it show whether the gall bladder is functioning, but also how well or how' ill it is functioning.It will fre- quently disclose the presence of gall stones which do not show in the ordinary radiogram.It may, by showing the relationof the gall bladder to an abdominal tumour, give strong presumptive evidence as to the site of the growth and the possibilities of surgical treatment.Using pure sodium tetra-iodo-phenol-phthalein in a dose not exceeding 4 grams, freshly dissolved, and injected intravenously very slowly, no disturbing toxic symptoms need be feared.X-ray films made twelve hours after .injectionand six hours later, after a meal containing fat, should give reliable evidence as to the functional capacity of the gall bladder.The method has its limitations, and an apparently normal cholecystogram does not exclude the possible presence of a small cholesterin stone or mild degrees of infective cholecystitis.CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY.
Nasopharyngeal Radium Treatment of Veterans
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disrupted patterns of behavior in natural populations as an index of ecotoxicity.
Authors: D B Peakall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper examines behavioral changes in natural populations of wildlife associated with pollution. Although some changes such as lack of nest attentiveness and decreased nest defense have been noted, the results have not been consistent and have been difficult to relate to specific pollutants. Experimental studies involving lead, mercury, and organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides are described. Although changes in behavior have been observed, they are generally more difficult to quantify and are less reproducible than biochemical changes. To date, there is no clear evidence in wildlife that behavioral changes caused by pollutants are a serious threat to populations.
PRESENT-DAY SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: JOHN de J. PEMBERTON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In 1866, Samuel D. Gross<sup>1</sup>said: When the tumor resists our curative efforts and endangers suffocation, it has been proposed to afford relief by extirpation, but the question arises, is such a procedure proper or justifiable? In a word, can the thyroid, when in a state of enlargement, be removed with a reasonable hope of saving the patient? Experience emphatically answers, "No."... No honest and sensible surgeon, it seems to me, would ever engage in it. Since this declaration there has been prodigious progress in the field of surgery, and probably in no branch has the advance been greater, more rapid or more secure than in that dealing with diseases of the thyroid gland. To have reduced the operative mortality in a period of less than seventy years from a state of prohibitive operative hazard to barely 0.5 per cent, is a record of surgical achievement worthy of just
APPARENT RECOVERY FROM PROGRESSIVE PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, FOLLOWING CECOSTOMY AND COLONIC LAVAGE.
Authors: HARRIS A. HOUGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Attention is called to this case of progressive pernicious anemia because of many unusual features and the nature of the treatment employed. The advanced age of the patient and the prompt recovery from many symptoms following cecostomy and enteric lavage lead me to believe that the present therapeutics of the disease must be modified to meet etiologic facts recently discovered. The following premises concerning the etiology and pathology are presented that grounds for the treatment may be understood. 1. The blood picture of progressive pernicious anemia and the other systemic effects are but the reaction of the organism to the toxemia. Natural hemogenesis is restrained and there is a coexistent hemolysis. The presence or absence of megaloblasts in any given case is a measure of the severity of the disease (Bunting<sup>1</sup>). If present they indicate severe hemolysis, to which the hemogenic organs are responding. If absent the toxemia may
Application of the International Prognostic Scoring System-Revised in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: C Y Ok, R P Hasserjian, P S Fox, F Stingo, Z Zuo, K H Young, K Patel, L J Medeiros, G Garcia-Manero, S A Wang
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Abortion Opponents Win Seats
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psoriasis, hyperlipoproteinaemia and occlusive vascular disease
Authors: Richard K. Scher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Psoriasis, hyperlipoproteinaemia and occlusive vascular disease Get access Richard K. Scher Richard K. Scher New York University, Medical Center, New York, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 6, 1 June 1979, Page 735, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb08083.x Published: 01 June 1979
Traveling New Streets
Authors: Frank J. Jirka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In ascending to the highest elective office of our Federation, I stand before you acutely aware of both the size and the import of the attendant responsibilities. I also stand before you with my first message as your President. It will be a straightforward and plainspoken message, and it is a message I hope AMA Delegates and other physicians will share with our colleagues back home. My message has to do with a different kind of medical marketplace that is fast developing in this country, a marketplace characterized by increased competition and pronounced changes in reimbursement and delivery. My message has to do with the challenges posed for everyone concerned. It has to do with the societal challenges, with the economic challenges, and with the governmental challenges associated with the marketplace. It has to do with the need for the American people to understand that since we all have contributed