tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Relation to Baseline Renal Function in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ziad Hijazi, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Jonas Oldgren, Ulrika Andersson, Stuart J. Connolly, John W. Eikelboom, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Paul A. Reilly, Agneta Siegbahn, Salim Yusuf, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Renal impairment increases the risk of stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation. In the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RELY) trial, dabigatran, with ≈80% renal elimination, displayed superiority over warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in the 150-mg dose and significantly less major bleeding in the 110-mg dose in 18 113 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. This prespecified study investigated these outcomes in relation to renal function. Methods and Results— Glomerular filtration rate was estimated with the Cockcroft-Gault, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations in all randomized patients with available creatinine at baseline (n=17 951), and cystatin C–based glomerular filtration rate was estimated in a subpopulation with measurements available (n=6190). A glomerular filtration rate ≥80, 50 to &lt;80, and &lt;50 mL/min was estimated in 32.6%, 47.6%, and 19.8% and in 21.6%, 59.6%, and 18.8% of patients based on Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI, respectively. Rates of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality increased as renal function decreased. The rates of stroke or systemic embolism were lower with dabigatran 150 mg and similar with 110 mg twice daily compared with warfarin, without significant heterogeneity in subgroups defined by renal function (interaction P &gt;0.1 for all). For the outcome of major bleeding, there were significant interactions between treatment and renal function according to CKD-EPI and MDRD equations, respectively ( P &lt;0.05). The relative reduction in major bleeding with either dabigatran dose compared with warfarin was greater in patients with glomerular filtration rate ≥80 mL/min. Conclusions— The efficacy of both dosages of dabigatran was consistent with the overall trial irrespective of renal function. However, with the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations, both dabigatran dosages displayed significantly lower rates of major bleeding in patients with glomerular filtration rate ≥80 mL/min. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00262600.
OSTEOMA OF THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE ULNA.
Authors: C. B. CLAPP
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Patient.  —J. S. H., aged 28, section laborer, when about 10 years of age noticed a small lump on the outer surface, near the lower end of the right ulna, which has slowly yet constantly grown until the present time. He does not remember any traumatism to this part at any time.  Description of Tumor.  —The tumor itself measures 7½ inches in circumference; its surface is rough and jagged, resembling the cauliflower somewhat in appearance. The radiograph (Fig. 1), which was taken by me before the operation, shows clearly the usual shortening of the shaft of the ulna and the drawing away of its articular surface from the wrist joint. It also shows the peculiar curving of the shafts of both the bones of the forearm, compensating, in part, for this development, and also the malposition of the distal extremity of the ulna. Since the operation the distal piece has
Scanning Slit Confocal Microscopic Observation of Cell Morphology and Movement within the Normal Human Anterior Cornea
Authors: James D. Auran, Charles J. Koester, Norman J. Kleiman, Rachel Rapaport, J. Scott Bomann, Barbara M. Wirotsko, George J. Florakis, Jan P. Koniarek
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

Purpose: Noninvasive in vivo observations of the anterior human cornea were performed to study cell structure and dynamics.Cellular elements were identified by their location, morphology, and pattern of movement.The hypothesis that cells in the epithelial layer of the normal cornea migrate centripetally was tested.Methods: Using a scanning slit confocal microscope with a new O.7S-numeric aperture contact objective, individual cells of normal human corneas were observed over time, quantifying the velocity and direction of cellular movement within the basal epithelial layer.Results: Basal epithelial cells, wing cells, the basal epithelial nerve plexus, and the subepithelial nerve plexus were identified readily.Centripetal motion was observed for three corneal cell types: basal epithelial cells, basal epithelial nerves, and unidentified cellular elements (possibly Langerhans cells).The unidentified cellular elements moved along the length of the basal epithelial nerves.The basal epithelial nerve plexus maintained a roughly stable topology as it slid centripetally.New nerve material appeared at the site of entry of the nerve into the epithelium.No growth cones were present at the distal termini of the growing epithelial nerves. Conclusion:In the midperiphery of the normal human cornea, basal epithelial cells and nerves slide centripetally, probably in concert.Unidentified cellular elements used the basal epithelial nerve plexus as a pathway for intraepithelial movement.Observations in this study suggest that neurite growth occurred by the addition of new membrane material along the length of the axon rather than at a distal growth cone.
A cluster of invasive meningococcal disease in young men who have sex with men in Berlin, October 2012 to May 2013
Authors: U Marcus, U Vogel, A Schubert, H Claus, J Baetzing-Feigenbaum, W Hellenbrand, O Wichmann
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Between October 2012 and May 2013, five cases of invasive meningococcal disease in young men who have sex with men (MSM) living in Berlin were notified to local health authorities in Germany. Three of the five cases died. All were caused by serogroup C variants with the finetype P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6. Awareness was increased through the use of community networks; an extension of the existing vaccination recommendation to all MSM is currently being considered.
Biventricular Pacing for Atrioventricular Block and Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Anne B. Curtis, Seth J. Worley, Philip B. Adamson, Eugene S. Chung, Imran Niazi, Lou Sherfesee, Timothy Shinn, Martin St. John Sutton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Right ventricular pacing restores an adequate heart rate in patients with atrioventricular block, but high percentages of right ventricular apical pacing may promote left ventricular systolic dysfunction. We evaluated whether biventricular pacing might reduce mortality, morbidity, and adverse left ventricular remodeling in such patients.We enrolled patients who had indications for pacing with atrioventricular block; New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, II, or III heart failure; and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or less. Patients received a cardiac-resynchronization pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) (the latter if the patient had an indication for defibrillation therapy) and were randomly assigned to standard right ventricular pacing or biventricular pacing. The primary outcome was the time to death from any cause, an urgent care visit for heart failure that required intravenous therapy, or a 15% or more increase in the left ventricular end-systolic volume index.Of 918 patients enrolled, 691 underwent randomization and were followed for an average of 37 months. The primary outcome occurred in 190 of 342 patients (55.6%) in the right-ventricular-pacing group, as compared with 160 of 349 (45.8%) in the biventricular-pacing group. Patients randomly assigned to biventricular pacing had a significantly lower incidence of the primary outcome over time than did those assigned to right ventricular pacing (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% credible interval, 0.60 to 0.90); results were similar in the pacemaker and ICD groups. Left ventricular lead-related complications occurred in 6.4% of patients.Biventricular pacing was superior to conventional right ventricular pacing in patients with atrioventricular block and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with NYHA class I, II, or III heart failure. (Funded by Medtronic; BLOCK HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00267098.).
Clinical Effectiveness In Allergic Airway Disease Of Oriton IgE ChemipharTM: A Rapid Determination System Of Allergen-Specific IgE
Authors: Tomoyuki Soma, Ai Masumoto, Takehito Kobayashi, Atsushi Kamijyo, Yoshitaka Uchida, Kouichi Hagiwara, Minoru Kanazawa, Makoto Nagata
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Increased Uptake on I-131 Whole-Body Scintigraphy in Warthin Tumor Despite False-Negative Tc-99m Pertechnetate Salivary Gland Scintigraphy
Authors: Meltem Caglar, Murat Tuncel, Alp Usubutun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Whole-body I-131 scintigraphy is an important component of the postoperative follow-up of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. However, false-positive scans showing abnormal uptake in the absence of residual thyroid tissue or metastases may occur. Unless recognized as false positive, these abnormal sites of uptake may lead to unnecessary administration of therapeutic doses of I-131. The authors report a patient with Warthin tumor whose I-131 whole-body scan demonstrated increased uptake in the parotid gland, despite a negative Tc-99m pertechnetate salivary gland scintigraphy.
1032. rAAV Mediated Knock-Down of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Substantia Nigra Using a pol II Transcribed siRNA
Authors: Fredric P. Manfredsson, Ronald J. Mandel, Sergei Zolotukhin, Alfred S. Lewin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become increasingly popular in recent years for gene knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. To date, a majority of expression systems are utilizing a RNA pol III promoter. The pol III promoter, although supporting high levels of siRNA expression, cannot be easily regulated nor engineered to confer tissue specificity. In this study we utilize recombinant adeno associated virus (rAAV) to express siRNA targeting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a protein involved in the production of dopamine, using an expression cassette containing the chicken beta-actin (CBA) pol II promoter. The siRNA hairpin sequence is flanked both upstream and downstream by self-cleaving ribozymes that serve to liberate the transcript. Downstream of the cassette is an IRES-GFP to serve as control for transduction and siRNA expression. The virus was injected unilaterally in the substantia nigra of adult rats and immunohistochemical evaluation indicate that transduced cells express significantly reduced levels of TH, whereas non-transduced cells have normal TH levels. However, to date we have not observed significant amphetamine-induced asymmetrical behavior. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become increasingly popular in recent years for gene knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. To date, a majority of expression systems are utilizing a RNA pol III promoter. The pol III promoter, although supporting high levels of siRNA expression, cannot be easily regulated nor engineered to confer tissue specificity. In this study we utilize recombinant adeno associated virus (rAAV) to express siRNA targeting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a protein involved in the production of dopamine, using an expression cassette containing the chicken beta-actin (CBA) pol II promoter. The siRNA hairpin sequence is flanked both upstream and downstream by self-cleaving ribozymes that serve to liberate the transcript. Downstream of the cassette is an IRES-GFP to serve as control for transduction and siRNA expression. The virus was injected unilaterally in the substantia nigra of adult rats and immunohistochemical evaluation indicate that transduced cells express significantly reduced levels of TH, whereas non-transduced cells have normal TH levels. However, to date we have not observed significant amphetamine-induced asymmetrical behavior.
Adaptation to Life
Authors: William D. Weitzel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In 1937 the Grant Study of Adult Development was conceptualized and funded with the purpose of selecting a small group of Harvard undergraduates who seemed healthy and were thought likely to do well in life. These individuals agreed to participate in a unique prospective study, which has reaped a harvest of more than 35 years of follow-up. Although the author has already published many separate scientific articles based on data from this cohort, this book brings together a useful synthesis. References and appendixes document the scholarly approach of this serious research project. Yet the reader is charmed with the author's wit and common sense as the heuristic model of adaptive ego-defense mechanisms is introduced and carefully illustrated with examples from the participants' lives. Although clinical candor is used in describing case vignettes, a deliberate attempt to camouflage individual identities succeeds through the use of case examples that describe more than
CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Luigi M. Biasucci
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Inflammation is a recognized key component of acute coronary syndromes. Such pathogenetic achievement has led to the use of inflammatory cells and proteins as prognostic markers in these syndromes. A number of markers have been proposed, including proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1RA, and tumor necrosis factor-α, adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 and markers of cell activation. Although all are of scientific interest, the clinical use of these markers is limited by their high cost, low availability, and unfavorable biological profile. Conversely, common markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypic acute phase protein, and to a lesser extent fibrinogen, have been proven to be reliable and important markers of risk in ischemic heart disease. CRP, in particular, has been found to be associated with short- and long-term prognosis in acute coronary syndromes, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and in stable angina, and to predict the risk of restenosis and major events, including death, after revascularization procedures. CRP has been consistently found to be independent from other risk factors and to have an incremental value beyond the common risk factors and biochemical markers of risk, including troponin. Whether CRP also should be used as a guide to therapy is still a matter of discussion that deserves further, properly designed studies.
A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Authors: LINCOLN D. CLARK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

A series of studies which illustrate the value of Onychomys leucogaster as a laboratory animal for study of aggression have been reviewed. The aggressive behavior of this animal follows a highly predictable pattern and can be readily quantified. Experimental conditions can be devised whereby it is possible to study factors which influence the first expression of this genetically determined behavioral trait as well as factors which reenforce or inhibit it once it has become established as a response. Chlorpromazine was found to have an interesting effect upon the aggressive behavior of Onychomys. Medication with this drug in dosage ranges which did not impair fighting ability because of motor toxicity markedly increased the reenforcing value of a fighting experience. A possible interpretation is that the affective state of an animal at the time of a behavioral response, in this instance an aggressive one, alters the effectiveness of the behavior in terms of reenforcement. Chlorpromazine presumably reduces the level of "anxiety" or fear associated with aggression. Onychomys may also be conveniently employed to study aggressive behavior in social groups. Methods have been described whereby novice, non-fighting colonies of mice may be selectively converted into groups which coexist peacefully with other species, which cooperatively direct aggression toward aliens or which become socially disorganized and suffer from internecine conflict which results in the death of colony members as well as an impaired effectiveness in destroying alien animals.
1100-57 Catheter-based transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells safely improves collateral and capillary network in adult swine with myocardial ischemia
Authors: Ayseguk Yegin, Mio Ebato, Fernando Tondato, Bunken Ebato, Jianhua Cui, Traci Goodchild, Stephen C Frohwein, Jesse Rios, James F Sanzo, Keith Robinson, Mark Ungs, Nicolas A Chronos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Routine Childhood Varicella Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Tracy A. Lieu, Steven B. Black, Henry R. Shinefield, Stephen L. Cochi, Sandra J. Holmes, M. Elizabeth Halloran
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We thank Dr Lebel and note that another recent study 1 found a 2% risk of embryopathy in maternal varicella infection in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. We disagree with Dr Smukler's numbers and his assertions that our analysis ignored the potential long-term risks of a vaccination program. The manufacturer's most recent data show that 9454 healthy children aged 12 years or younger and 1648 adults and adolescents in the United States have received varicella vaccine since 1982.  Regarding potential long-term risks, we embarked on this study and its companion study of epidemiologic and morbidity effects of routine varicella immunization 2 precisely because of such concerns. The risks to vaccinees with primary vaccine failure, the best estimates of a panel of six national experts regarding waning of immunity, and the fact that adults with chickenpox have a higher case complication rate than children were all incorporated in
Vascular at‐risk genotypes and disease severity in Lebanese sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Chantal Farra, Laila Zahed, Paul J. Nietert, Hala Hourani, Oussama Jradi, Adlette Inati, Rami Mahfouz, Miguel Abboud, Christian Oberkanins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Second Edition
Authors: B G Higgins
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Surgery in early NSCLC and comorbidityWe would like to congratulate Janssen-Heijnen et al 1 on their well performed study and on their significant contribution to resolving the problem of treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and co-morbidity.However, we could not find a description of the surgical approach used and would like to ask the authors to provide details of the surgical procedures adopted and the accompanying survival rates.We think, 2 in agreement with other authors 3 that, for patients with early stage NSCLC and co-morbidity, a less invasive surgical approach should be used.This view is supported by studies in elderly patients or in patients with co-morbidity showing that a less invasive approach does not influence survival rates.Only the recurrence rate seems to be increased by a less invasive surgical approach such as segmentectomy or pulmonary wedge resection. [3]][5] Several factors determine whether conservative or invasive resection should be used for NSCLC.We think that a less invasive approach should be chosen as the first therapeutic step, even for early stage NSCLC, and that elderly patients should be treated less aggressively than younger patients.
Acute Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism Prevents Normal Reduction of Myocardial Ischemia on Repeated Balloon Inflations During Angioplasty
Authors: Zenon S. Kyriakides, Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Theofilos M. Kolettis, Androniki Tasouli, Aias Antoniadis, David J. Webb
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion are associated with increased production of endothelin (ET)-1. Methods and Results —We examined the effects of BQ-123, a selective ET A receptor antagonist, in 80 patients. All patients were randomly allocated to an intracoronary infusion of saline or BQ-123 (6 μmol/L over 20 minutes). The reference group consisted of 20 patients undergoing coronary angiography. BQ-123 produced a 10% ( P &lt;0.005) increase in distal coronary artery diameter. The main study group consisted of 30 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. All patients underwent a minimum of 3 balloon inflations (BIs). Surface and intracoronary electrocardiographic ST-segment shift as well as pain score were recorded at the end of each BI. BQ-123 or saline was given by intracoronary infusion between the second and the third BI in random allocation. In the saline group, intracoronary ST-elevation decreased from 1.26±0.55 mV during the first BI to 0.77±0.56 mV during the third BI ( P &lt;0.05) and the surface ST elevation decreased from 0.20±0.15 to 0.10±0.07 mV ( P &lt;0.05). In the BQ-123 group, the respective values were 1.22±0.48 mV and 1.13±0.62 mV (intracoronary) and 0.17±0.18 and 0.17±0.21 mV (surface) (both P =NS). The decrease in pain score was significantly higher in the saline group ( F =5.97, P =0.004). In 30 patients (collateral circulation group), the angioplasty protocol was repeated with the use of a pressure guide wire. BQ-123 produced a significant ( F =3.30, P =0.04) decrease in coronary wedge pressure. Conclusions —Acute ET A receptor antagonism prevents the normal reduction of myocardial ischemia on repeated BIs during angioplasty. This may be explained by a “steal” effect through coronary collaterals.
Attribution is more likely to be demonstrated in more natural contexts
Authors: M. D. Matheson, M. Cooper, J. Weeks, R. Thompson, D. Fragaszy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We propose a naturalistic version of the “guesser–knower” paradigm in which the experimental subject has an opportunity to choose which individual to follow to a hidden food source. This design allows nonhumans to display the attribution of knowledge to another conspecific, rather than a human, in a naturalistic context (finding food), and it is readily adapted to different species.