tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ablation of Very Long Acyl Chain Sphingolipids Causes Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Mice Due to Altered Detergent-Resistant Membranes
Authors: Joo-Won Park, Woo-Jae Park, Yael Kuperman, Sigalit Boura-Halfon, Yael Pewzner-Jung, Anthony H. Futerman
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Sphingolipids are important structural components of cell membranes and act as critical regulators of cell function by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Specific sphingolipids, such as ceramide, glucosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3, have been implicated in various aspects of insulin resistance, because they have been shown to modify several steps in the insulin signaling pathway, such as phosphorylation of either protein kinase B (Akt) or of the insulin receptor. We now explore the role of the ceramide acyl chain length in insulin signaling by using a ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mouse, which is unable to synthesize very long acyl chain (C22-C24) ceramides. CerS2 null mice exhibited glucose intolerance despite normal insulin secretion from the pancreas. Both insulin receptor and Akt phosphorylation were abrogated in liver, but not in adipose tissue or in skeletal muscle. The lack of insulin receptor phosphorylation in liver correlated with its inability to translocate into detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Moreover, DRMs in CerS2 null mice displayed properties significantly different from those in wild-type mice, suggesting that the altered sphingolipid acyl chain length directly affects insulin receptor translocation and subsequent signaling.We conclude that the sphingolipid acyl chain composition of liver regulates insulin signaling by modifying insulin receptor translocation into membrane microdomains.
Keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa (Buschke-Fischer's disease): efficacy of acitretin
Authors: S. Hesse, Ph. Berbis, Y. Privat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Keratodermia palmo‐plantaris papulosa (Buschke‐Fischer's disease): efficacy of acitretin Get access S. Hesse, S. Hesse Clinique Dermatologique, Hotel‐Dieu, 6, Place Daviel, 13002, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ph. Berbis, Ph. Berbis Clinique Dermatologique, Hotel‐Dieu, 6, Place Daviel, 13002, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Privat Y. Privat Clinique Dermatologique, Hotel‐Dieu, 6, Place Daviel, 13002, Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 1, 1 January 1993, Pages 104–105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00160.x Published: 01 January 1993
Rapid onset asthma: a severe but uncommon manifestation
Authors: J Kolbe, W Fergusson, J Garrett
Journal: Thorax (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Studies of asthma death and severe life threatening asthma (SLTA) include reports of patients who had rapid onset asthma. A study was undertaken to determine the relative frequency of rapid (&lt;6 hours duration) and slow (⩾6 hours) onset attacks in patients admitted to hospital with acute severe asthma, and to establish whether those with rapid onset asthma differ in terms of risk factors for asthma morbidity and mortality such as indices of asthma severity/control, socioeconomic factors, health care, and psychological factors. <h3>METHODS</h3> A cross sectional study was performed on 316 patients aged 15–49 years admitted with acute severe asthma and interviewed within 24–48 hours of admission. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Patients underestimated the duration of the index attack. Only 27 (8.5%) were classified as rapid onset. There were more men in the rapid onset group than in the slow onset group (52% versus 26%), and there was evidence of socioeconomic advantage in the patients with rapid onset attacks. The rapid onset group had more previous episodes of SLTA and were more likely to present with SLTA, but there was no difference in length of stay in hospital. The rapid onset group were less likely to have presented to a GP during the index attack and were more likely to have used ambulance services. There was no difference between the groups in any psychological or health care measure. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Rapid onset attacks are an important but uncommon manifestation of asthma that are more likely to present with SLTA in patients who are more likely to have had previous SLTA. Male subjects are at increased risk of rapid onset attacks, and socioeconomic disadvantage, deficiencies in health care (ongoing and acute), and psychological factors are no more common in these patients than in those with attacks of slow onset. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that there is a small proportion of patients with rapid onset severe asthma who do not have the usual risk factors associated with asthma morbidity or mortality, and thus require different management strategies.
HLA-A*31:01 and methotrexate-induced interstitial lung disease in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients: a multidrug hypersensitivity marker?: Table 1
Authors: Hiroshi Furukawa, Shomi Oka, Kota Shimada, Naoyuki Tsuchiya, Shigeto Tohma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Methotrexate-induced interstitial lung disease (MI-ILD) can occur in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.1 It is believed that Japanese RA patients are more susceptible to MI-ILD than other ethnic groups,2 ,3 suggesting that genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of MI-ILD. To date, biomarkers to predict development of MI-ILD in RA have not been established. A striking association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and cutaneous adverse reactions has been reported for several drugs.4–6 Here, we investigated HLA class I associations with MI-ILD in Japanese RA patients.

A case-control association study was performed on 55 Japanese RA patients (mean age ± SD: 69.3±8.5 years; 15 men, mean dose of methotrexate±SD: 6.7±2.6 mg/week; mean duration of methotrexate treatment±SD: 3.0±4.4 years) with episodes of MI-ILD, and 709 control Japanese RA patients (63.6±11.5 years; 146 men) without any episodes of MI-ILD, based on the genotyping data obtained with WAKFlow HLA typing kits (Wakunaga, Hiroshima, Japan). A significant association was found for HLA-A*31:01 (p  = 8.06×10−5, corrected p [ Pc ]=1.93×10−3, OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.80 to 4.88, table 1). The A19 serological group ( A\*29–\*33 , and *74 alleles) was also significantly associated with increased risk of MI-ILD (p  = 6.47×10−5, OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.01, table 1). None of the other HLA-B or C alleles was associated with MI-ILD. 

View this table:

Table 1 
HLA-A allele frequency in the RA patients



Several studies have shown that HLA class I polymorphism contributes to its susceptibility to cutaneous adverse drug reactions.4–9 In these reports, each drug was associated with specific HLA class I alleles; thus, HLA-A*31:01 and B*15:02 were associated with carbamazepine, B*58:01 with allopurinol, and B*57:01 with abacavir. Our findings suggest that A*31:01 might be a multidrug hypersensitivity risk marker, and might imply presence of common pathogenic mechanisms …
Exercise and Teen Smoking
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Safety Information Added to Antiretroviral Package Inserts
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid induction of complete donor chimerism by the use of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen composed of fludarabine and melphalan in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Naoto T. Ueno, Yee Chung Cheng, Gabriela Rondón, Nizar M. Tannir, James L. Gajewski, Daniel R. Couriel, Chitra Hosing, Marcos J. de Lima, Paolo Anderlini, Issa F. Khouri, Daniel J. Booser, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Lance C. Pagliaro, Eric Jonasch, Sergio A. Giralt, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: Blood (2003)

We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen of fludarabine and melphalan to achieve rapid complete donor chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Between January 1999 and January 2003, 8 patients with metastatic breast cancer (BC) and 15 with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) underwent allogeneic SCT after an RIC regimen of 5 days of fludarabine and 2 days of melphalan. Filgrastim-mobilized stem cells from HLA-identical related or unrelated donors were infused. Prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) consisted of tacrolimus and methotrexate. All 22 evaluable patients had 100% donor chimerism at day 30 and at all measurement times thereafter. One patient died 19 days after SCT. Nine patients (39%) had grades II to IV acute GVHD and 10 patients (43%) had chronic GVHD. Five patients (22%) died of nonrelapse treatment-related complications. Treatment-related disease response was seen in 10 patients (45%), with 3 complete responses, 2 partial responses, and 5 minor responses. Fludarabine-melphalan is a feasible and effective RIC regimen for allogeneic SCT in metastatic BC and RCC. It induces rapid complete donor chimerism without the need for donor lymphocyte infusion. Tumor regression associated with GVHD is consistent with graft-versus-tumor effect.
Gender-Dependent Differences in Outcome After the Treatment of Infection in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Traves D. Crabtree, Shawn J. Pelletier, Thomas G. Gleason, Timothy L. Pruett, Robert G. Sawyer
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextWhile it is established that management strategies and outcomes differ by gender for many diseases, its effect on infection has not been adequately studied.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of gender among hospitalized patients treated for infection.DesignObservational cohort study conducted during a 26-month period from December 1996 through January 1999.SettingUniversity-affiliated hospital.ParticipantsA total of 892 patients in the surgical units of the hospital with 1470 consecutive infectious episodes (782 in men and 688 in women).Main Outcome MeasuresMortality during hospitalization by gender for infection episodes overall and for specific infectious sites, including lung, peritoneum, bloodstream, catheter, urine, surgical site, and skin/soft tissue.ResultsAmong all infections, there was no significant difference in mortality based on gender (men, 11.1% vs women, 14.2%; P = .07). After logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with mortality included higher APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II score, older age, malignancy, blood transfusion, and diagnosis of infection more than 7 days after admission, but not gender (female odds ratio [OR] for death, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.94; P = .16). Mortality was higher in women for lung (men, 18% vs women, 34%; P = .002) and soft tissue (men, 2% vs women, 10%; P≤.05) infection; for other infectious sites, mortality did not differ by gender. Factors associated with mortality due to pneumonia by logistic regression included higher APACHE II score, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, diagnosis of infection more than 7 days after admission, older age, transplantation, and female gender (OR for death, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17-4.32; P = .02).ConclusionsAlthough gender may not be predictive of mortality among all infections, women appear to be at increased risk for death from hospital-acquired pneumonia, even after controlling for other comorbidities.
Preventing Iatrogenic Complications
Authors: Jack D. Myers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

When Dr. Soma Weiss assumed the chair as the Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic at the Harvard Medical School and the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1939, I was privileged to be an entering assistant resident on his service. I recall vividly a strong point made in his opening remarks to the house staff. Dr. Weiss, one of this country's first clinical pharmacologists, admonished us that in the near future the internist would have therapeutic measures as powerful as those of the surgeon and that great knowledge and discretion would be needed in their appropriate application . . .
A Case of Abdominal Nephrectomy for Renal Sarcoma in a Young Child
Authors: C. A. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1900)

i 3_ 190_NMCL OR& r thetisingthe patient, both examined the papilla.Every other papilla vas pale and healthy, but this one was bright red and fleecy.I now took a Volkmann's spoon and cut the papilla and fully half the Malpighian
Diminished oesophageal traction forces with swallowing in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and in functional dysphagia.
Authors: D Williams, D G Thompson, M Marples, L Heggie, T O'Hanrahan, J Bancewicz
Journal: Gut (1994)

Relations between primary oesophageal peristaltic amplitude and traction force were studied in 30 normal volunteers, 12 patients with functional dysphagia, and 48 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, using a new intraluminal strain gauge device. Forces generated by swallowing in the normal oesophagus were 42 (35-60) g (median and interquartile range), a close positive correlation existing between traction force and contractile amplitude for each subject (r = 0.5 (0.38-0.6). Traction force increased with increasing balloon volume from 62 (50-73) g at 2 ml to 86 (70-105) g at 4 ml (p < 0.05), indicating distension related modulation of peristaltic force. Patients with oesophagitis generated lower traction forces on swallowing 30 (20-40) g compared with the normal subjects (p < 0.01), the degree of impairment being greatest in those patients with the most severe mucosal damage. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux without endoscopic oesophagitis also showed abnormal forces (32 22-38) g p < 0.01 v controls), which were similar to those patients with mild oesophagitis but were greater than those with severe oesophagitis (p < 0.05). In patients with functional dysphagia, forces were also impaired (28 (10-60) g p < 0.05 v controls) despite normal standard manometry. Our results show that measurement of the traction force generated by primary peristalsis provides information about oesophageal neuromuscular function that is not demonstrable by manometry alone and can be abnormal in patients with oesophageal symptoms in whom standard techniques are normal.
Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting tricuspid stenosis.
Authors: M Nanna, P A Chandraratna, C Reid, A Nimalasuriya, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We reviewed the M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms of 100 consecutive patients with rheumatic heart disease. All were subsequently studied by cardiac catheterization and angiography. In four patients, cardiac catheterization showed tricuspid stenosis (average mean diastolic gradient 6.2 mm Hg), which was confirmed during cardiac surgery. M-mode echocardiography showed a diminished EF slope in 12 patients (mean 26 mm/sec), including the four patients with tricuspid stenosis. Seven of the eight patients without tricuspid stenosis had significant pulmonary hypertension; the reasons for the diminished EF slope in the other patient could not be identified. Tricuspid stenosis was diagnosed in four patients from two-dimensional echocardiograms on the basis of diastolic doming and restricted leaflet motion of the tricuspid valve. These four patients were the same patients in whom tricuspid stenosis was diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography is useful in the diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis.
Dextrostix/Eyetone in the insulin hypoglycaemia test.
Authors: R White, P J Phillips, R W Pain
Journal: BMJ (1977)

for a reduced final height attainment will be determined and assessed early.Treatment with human GH should be started as soon as possible to obtain satisfactory results.In our patient there was a delay in the institution of investigations.If bone age is advanced at the time of treatment the chance of great benefit is slight.
ACUTE GENERAL STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION THROUGH THE PUERPERAL BREAST.
Authors: W. P. MANTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

One of the most important functions devolving on the accoucheur is the management of the nursing breast, a responsibility too often shirked, either from indifference, carelessness or ignorance of the physiologic processes involved—a deviation from which may give rise to great physical suffering and lead to disastrous consequences. It is now universally conceded that all of the more serious disorders of the functioning mammary gland are the result of microbic invasion, the morbific germs gaining entrance to the lobes and interglandular connective tissue either through the ducts, more rarely, or generally through cracks and abrasions of the nipples and surrounding areolæ. Septic material may readily be conveyed by the hands of the patient or an untidy nurse to the wounded surfaces, while the increased vascularity of the breasts and their augmented lymphatic circulation during the inauguration of the secretory function render these glands peculiarly susceptible to the
JNC 7—It's More Than High Blood Pressure
Authors: Thomas E. Kottke, Robert J. Stroebel, Rebecca S. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: clinical course and postmortem findings.
Authors: S P Reynolds, B H Davies, A R Gibbs
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome consists of albinism, platelet function defect, pigment laden macrophases and, on occasions, pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical course and postmortem findings of a patient with pulmonary fibrosis which mimicked cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis are reported. Histological examination revealed a chronic inflammatory infiltrate of pigment laden microphages.
Aprotinin Does Not Increase the Risk of Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Anthony P. Furnary, YingXing Wu, Loren F. Hiratzka, Gary L. Grunkemeier, U. Scott Page
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aprotinin is frequently used in high-risk cardiac surgery patients to decrease bleeding complications and transfusions of packed red blood cells (PRBC). Transfusions of PRBC are known to directly increase the risk of new onset postoperative renal failure (ARF) in cardiac surgery patients. A recent highly publicized report implicated aprotinin as an independent causal factor for postoperative renal failure, but ignored the potential confounding affect of numerical PRBC data on ARF. We sought to investigate that claim with an analysis that included all perioperative risk factors for renal failure, including PRBC transfusion data.Prospectively collected patient data from 12 centers contributing to the Merged Cardiac Registry, an international multicenter cardiac surgery database, operated on between January 2000 and February 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. A previously published risk model for ARF incorporating 12 variables was used to calculate a baseline ARF risk score for each patient in whom those variables were available (n=15,174). After adding transfused PRBC data 11,198 patients remained for risk-adjusted assessment of ARF in relation to aprotinin use. Risk-adjusted multivariable analyses were carried out with, and without, consideration of transfused PRBC. Aprotinin was used in 24.6% (2757/11,198). The overall incidence of ARF was 1.6% (180/11,198) and was higher in the aprotinin subset (2.6%, 72/2757 versus 1.3%, 108/8441; P<0.001). The incidence of ARF directly and significantly increased with increasing transfusions of PRBC (P<0.001). Risk-adjusted analysis without transfused PRBC in the model suggests that aprotinin significantly impacts ARF (P=0.008; OR=1.5). However, further risk adjustment with the addition of the highly significant transfused PRBC variable (P<0.0001; OR=1.23/transfused PRBC) to the model attenuates the purported independent affect of aprotinin (P=0.231) on ARF.The increase in renal failure seen in patients who were administered aprotinin was directly related to increased number of transfusions in that high-risk patient population. Aprotinin use does not independently increase the risk of renal failure in cardiac surgery patients.