tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ErbB-3 Predicts Survival in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Berno Tanner, Dirk Hasenclever, Katja Stern, Wiebke Schormann, Martin Bezler, Matthias Hermes, Marc Brulport, Alexander Bauer, Ilka B. Schiffer, Susanne Gebhard, Markus Schmidt, Eric Steiner, Jalid Sehouli, Jeanett Edelmann, Jürgen Läuter, Rüdiger Lessig, K. Krishnamurthi, Axel Ullrich, Jan Georg Hengstler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

HER3 (erbB-3) is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. After dimerization with other members of the EGFR family several signal transduction cascades can be activated, including phosphoinosite 3'-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Here, we studied a possible association between HER3 expression and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.Tumor tissue of 116 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian cancer between 1986 and 1995 was analyzed immunohistochemically for HER3 expression. A possible influence of HER3 expression on survival was studied by multivariate Cox regression adjusting for established clinical prognostic factors.A positive HER3 expression was observed in 53.4% of the patients. HER3 expression was associated with decreased survival in proportional hazard modeling, including the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic grade and type, residual disease, and age. After likelihood ratio forward as well as backward selection, only HER3 expression (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.67; P = .018), FIGO stage (hazard ratio, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.89 to 12.08; P = .001), residual tumor (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.40 to 5.17; P = .003), and age (hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.65; P = .013) were found to be significant. Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrated a clear influence of HER3 expression on survival time. Median survival time was 3.31 years (95% CI, 1.93 to 4.68) for patients with low HER3 expression, compared with only 1.80 years (95% CI, 0.83 to 2.78) for patients with HER3 overexpression (log-rank test P = .0034).HER3 may represent a new prognostic factor in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Pending validation, exploration of therapeutic strategies to block HER3 could be warranted.
Bacterially Derived 400 nm Particles for Encapsulation and Cancer Cell Targeting of Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Jennifer A. MacDiarmid, Nancy B. Mugridge, Jocelyn C. Weiss, Leo Phillips, Adam L. Burn, Richard P. Paulin, Joel E. Haasdyk, Kristie-Ann Dickson, Vatsala N. Brahmbhatt, Scott T. Pattison, Alexander C. James, Ghalib Al Bakri, Rodney C. Straw, Bruce Stillman, Robert M. Graham, Himanshu Brahmbhatt
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
THE SKIN SURFACE AND FRICTION.
Authors: P. F. D. NAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article THE SKIN SURFACE AND FRICTION. Get access P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. Research Fellow, The Institute of Dermatology, British Postgraduate Medical Federation, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 7, 1 July 1955, Pages 239–248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12729.x Published: 01 July 1955
PTU-140 Intrahepatic Tregs Are Plastic But Functional And Biliary Epithelial Cells Support Their Fate
Authors: Y-Y Chen, J Hannah, J Birtwistle, I Novitzky Basso, P Lalor, DH Adams, YH Oo
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) are crucial in maintaining peripheral tolerance. T<sub>regs </sub>control T effector CD8, CD4, Th<sub>1</sub> cells along with other immune cells to maintain hepatic tolerance. They are implicated in both human and murine model of hepatic inflammation including autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis, liver cancer and post-transplantation tolerance. However little is known about the lineage stability, function and fate of human intrahepatic T<sub>regs</sub> in the inflamed microenvironment. <h3>Methods</h3> Human liver infiltrating (LI) lymphocytes were freshly isolated from explanted liver tissues. LIT<sub>regs</sub> cells surface phenotype, chemokine and cytokine receptor expression, intracellular-cytokine secretion was assessed <i>ex-vivo</i> by flow cytometry. Function and plasticity of post-endothelial transmigrated (PEM) T<sub>regs</sub> in the inflamed microenvironment was assessed by suppression assays and flow cytometry. Distribution and localisation of LIT<sub>regs</sub> in tissue was determined using dual immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Cytokine expressions by the liver microenvironment were studied <i><i>in vitro</i></i> using Luminx. Real time PCR was used to study the mRNA expression. Survival and proliferation of PEM T<sub>regs</sub> in microenvironment was studied <i>in-vitro</i> using co-culture assays using primary human biliary epithelial cells. <h3>Results</h3> LIT<sub>regs</sub> highly express CD39 (57 ± 11%), CD95 (83 ± 4%), CD27 (73 ± 3%), CD44 (90 ± 3%) and low expression of CD40 (6.813 ± 3.25%). Cytokine receptors expression was (31 ± 15%) for IL15R, (17 ± 15%) for IL6R-α. Hepatic microenvironment is highly enriched with IL-1β (363 ± 88 pg/ml), IL-6 (8,960±pg/ml), IL-12 (44 ± 35 pg/ml), IFN-γ (21 ± 8.33 pg/ml). Minimal level of IL-2 was detected in inflamed liver supernatant. Post-endothelial migrated (PEM) T<sub>regs</sub> and T<sub>regs</sub> in the inflamed microenvironment are functional but suppression capacity was reduced in T<sub>regs</sub> residing in the inflamed liver. Plasticity to other T cells lineage is minimal for T<sub>regs</sub> in the inflamed microenvironment. LIT<sub>regs </sub>reside close to bile ducts at the portal tract. Co-culture experiment of PEM T<sub>regs </sub>and with biliary epithelial cells suggested that T<sub>regs</sub> survival depends on FAS-FASL pathway and IL-2. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LIT<sub>regs</sub> are plastic but functional in the inflamed intrahepatic microenvironment and their fate around biliary epithelial cells is supported via IL-2 cytokine and CD95-CD95 ligand pathway. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Diameter of the collagen fibrils in the sclerodermatous skin of porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: CRISTOBAL A. PARRA, NELIDA PIZZI PARRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The diameter of collagen fibrils was studied in a patient with porphyria cutanea tarda in a specimen obtained from the sclerodermatous skin of the back. A bimodal distribution of the diameter of the fibrils was observed with maxima at 33.5 nm and 68.7 nm. The mean diameter was 67 nm with a standard deviation of 10.6 nm. These results are similar to those obtained previously in localized scleroderma (morphoea).
Detection of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy by Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ausma Ahmed, Vera Bril, Andrej Orszag, Jenna Paulson, Emily Yeung, Mylan Ngo, Steven Orlov, Bruce A. Perkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) parameter that best identifies diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) in type 1 diabetes and to describe its performance characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Concurrent with clinical and electrophysiological examination for classification of DSP, CCM was performed on 89 type 1 diabetic and 64 healthy subjects to determine corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), density, tortuosity, and branch density. Area under the curve (AUC) and optimal thresholds for DSP identification in those with diabetes were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS DSP was present in 33 (37%) subjects. With the exception of tortuosity, CCM parameters were significantly lower in DSP case subjects. In ROC curve analysis, AUC was greatest for CNFL (0.88) compared with fiber density (0.84, P = 0.0001), branch density (0.73, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and tortuosity (0.55, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The threshold value that optimized sensitivity and specificity for ruling in DSP was a CNFL of ≤14.0 mm/mm2 (sensitivity 85%, specificity 84%), associated with positive and negative likelihood ratios of 5.3 and 0.18. An alternate approach that used separate threshold values maximized sensitivity (threshold value ≥15.8 mm/mm2, sensitivity 91%, negative likelihood ratio 0.16) and specificity (≤11.5 mm/mm2, specificity 93%, positive likelihood ratio 8.5). CONCLUSIONS Among CCM parameters, CNFL best discriminated DSP cases from control subjects. A single threshold offers clinically acceptable operating characteristics, although a strategy that uses separate thresholds to respectively rule in and rule out DSP has excellent performance while minimizing unclassified subjects. We hypothesize that values between these thresholds indicate incipient nerve injury that represents those individuals at future neuropathy risk.
Differential effects of digoxin at comparable concentrations in tissues of fetal and adult sheep.
Authors: W Berman, P J Ravenscroft, L B Sheiner, M A Heymann, K L Melmon, A M Rudolph
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes and carotid arterial and superior vena caval (SVC) catheters were placed in eight nonpregnant ewes and 11 fetuses (109-129 days gestation) to measure heart rate, arterial presssure, P-R interval, left ventricular pre-ejection period (PEP), and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), before and after digoxin infusion into the SVC. After the ewes were killed, the steady state concentration of digoxin in plasma was related to the concentration in midbrain and left ventricular free wall. Although concentrations of digoxin in tissue differed between fetuses and ewes, tissue-plasma ratios were similar; the myocardial-plasma ratio was 87 for fetuses and 90 for ewes and the midbrain-plasma ratios were 6.4 and 5.3, respectively. In spite of these similarities, physiological and toxic effects differed at comparable plasma concentrations. Reduction in PEP/LVET ratio was greater in ewes than fetuses, and P-R interval prolongation was linearly related to digoxin concentration in fetuses but uncommon at plasma concentrations below 2 ng/ml in ewes. Arrhythmias occurred in six ewes, but in only one fetus, even though the mean steady state concentration of digoxin in plasma was 4.5 ng/ml in the fetuses and 2.3 ng/ml in the ewes. Atropine had little effect on digoxin-induced P-R interrval prolongation, and isoproterenol produced no tachyarrhythmias in the fetuses. Age-related differences in inotropic and arrhythmogenic effects of digoxin exist exist and are related to differences in drug response rather than drug kinetics; this provides experimental support for the different dosage responses.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Antibody Complexes in a Patient with Colonic Carcinoma and Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mary E. Costanza, Vivian Pinn, Robert S. Schwartz, Larry Nathanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE association of the nephrotic syndrome and neoplasms is an uncommon one.1 2 3 4 5 6 The role of the neoplasm in the development of the nephrotic syndrome can be attributed in some cases to obvious tumor effects: renal amyloidosis or renal-vein thrombosis. In other cases, the relation is less clear. In the few cases of nephrotic syndrome and nonlymphomatous neoplasms that have been reported, the commonest histologic finding was membranous glomerulonephritis, whereas in those with malignant lymphoma, lipoid nephrosis was a more consistent finding.1 2 3 The pathogenesis of the renal lesion has been studied by immunofluorescent technics. Investigations by Ghosh,2 of a patient with . . .
Urinary incontinence in the community--analysis of a MORI poll.
Authors: J C Brocklehurst
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<b>Objective:</b> We present a case of a 62-year-old woman with middle ear myoclonus. We discuss the heterogeneity of the diagnosis and suggest a more uniform way of describing it. <b>Background:</b> Middle ear myoclonus is an umbrella diagnosis for several conditions causing rhythmic tympanic membrane movement. Patients present with difficult to describe symptoms of ear popping, clicking, or pulsatile tinnitus. Reports have varied in unilateral or bilateral symptoms and in lesion localization and mechanism. It can be accompanied with other cranial nerve involvement and treatment varies depending on etiology. <b>Methods:</b> This is a case report and review of literature. The literature search includes middle ear myoclonus, hemifacial spasm, and blepharospasm. <b>Results: </b>Our patient presented with a 25-year history of rhythmic, bilateral "ear popping" with bilateral "eye blinking." Her examination revealed 2-3 Hz rhythmic movement of each tympanic membrane, often synchronous with bilateral blepharospasm. Contrasted brain MRI with attention to the cerebellopontine angle, and MRA, were negative. Bilateral tensor tympanectomy resolved the ear popping sensation, but she had persistent rhythmic blepharospasm. <b>Conclusions:</b> Middle ear myoclonus is a heterogenous syndrome, and a misnomer as the underlying etiology may not necessarily be myoclonus. Localization can be central or peripheral and possible mechanisms include myoclonus, dystonia, peripheral nerve irritation (e.g. hemifacial spasm from a vascular loop), or muscular. In our case both cranial nerves V (to the stapedius muscle) and VII (to the orbicularis oculi) were involved. We propose a unifying term for the subjective sensations of tympanic membrane movement: oscillacusia. Under this term, the specific etiology causing the tympanic membrane movement should be elucidated and treated. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Siegel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wszolek has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders and the European Journal of Neurology. Dr. Wszolek has received royalty payments for the discovery of LRRK2 gene mutations.
Intracoronary Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Patterns in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: DWIGHT K. OXLEY, MERLE R. BOLTON, CHARLIE SHAEFFER, RICHARD ROGER, DAVID N. SIM, CRAIG L. FISCHER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Myocardial imaging following the intracoronary injection of radiolabeled particles is used to identify transmural scars in patients being evaluated for coronary atherosclerosis. Selective imaging of the microcirculation derived from each major coronary vessel is accomplished using a dual radionuclide technique. This report illustrates the various normal and abnormal imaging patterns encountered in patients with coronary artery disease. The regional myocardial nomenclature proposed by the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Surgery is used. Correlation of the nuclear study with the contrast arteriogram and ventriculogram is essential for identifying both transmural scars and regions of collateral circulation. The procedure is safe and can be performed during routine coronary angiography.
A METHOD FOR COUPLING PROTEIN ANTIGENS TO ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Leon R. Cole, J. Jay Matloff, Virginia R. Farrell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

A serological technique, using formalinized red cells coupled to tuberculin PPD as antigen, has been assayed in a trial series of 124 tuberculous and 139 non-tuberculous patients. The stability of the antigen preparation, and the omission of an adsorption procedure for the removal of isoagglutinins facilitated the performance of the test. The results indicate that the technique warrants further trial as a diagnostic criterion of infection tuberculosis.
CREB is a critical regulator of normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
Authors: Jerry C. Cheng, Kentaro Kinjo, Dejah R. Judelson, Jenny Chang, Winston S. Wu, Ingrid Schmid, Deepa B. Shankar, Noriyuki Kasahara, Renata Stripecke, Ravi Bhatia, Elliot M. Landaw, Kathleen M. Sakamoto
Journal: Blood (2007)
Endoscopic and Enzymatic Treatment of Gastric Bezoar with Acetylcysteine
Authors: F. G. Silva, C. Gonçalves, H. Vasconcelos, I. Cotrim
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 40-year old woman presented with a 2-week history of nausea, early satiety and eructation. She frequently ingested large amounts of persimmon. She had no history of previous gastric surgery or other diseases. Physical examination was normal. Endoscopy revealed two large (10 × 6 cm; 12 × 6 cm) and hard bezoars in the fundus and lower corpus of the stomach. On repetition of the endoscopy we used an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) catheter for instillation of acetylcysteine (30 ml/6 gr of acetylcysteine diluted in 30 ml of NaCl 0.9 %) into the bezoars. This solution was first administered onto the outside of the bezoars and, as they softened, the catheter was introduced into the center of the bezoars. For the fragmentation procedure a Dormia basket and a polypectomy snare were used (Figure [1]). The polypectomy snare proved to be more efficient than the basket, with a greater capacity for cutting and with less probability of sticking to the bezoar (Figure [2]). The procedure was carried out in two sessions of 30 minutes each. In the end the bezoars were totally fragmented into small pieces that were not removed. There were no complications. The control endoscopy, 2 weeks later, was completely normal.
Myocardial Blood Flow and Flow Reserve After Coronary Reimplantation in Patients After Arterial Switch and Ross Operation
Authors: Michael Hauser, Frank M. Bengel, Andreas Kühn, Ursula Sauer, Solvig Zylla, Siegmund L. Braun, Stephan G. Nekolla, Renate Oberhoffer, Rüdiger Lange, Markus Schwaiger, John Hess
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Coronary reimplantation is used in therapy for congenital heart disease, such as in the arterial switch (ASO) and Ross operations. The adequacy of myocardial perfusion may remain a matter of concern. The aim of the present study was to stratify the effect of coronary reimplantation on myocardial perfusion and to highlight the clinical relevance of any attenuation in myocardial perfusion. Methods and Results —A total of 21 children with transposition of the great arteries at a mean interval of 11.2±2.9 years after ASO and 9 adolescents at a mean interval of 4.2±2.1 years after the Ross procedure were investigated. All patients were asymptomatic and had a normal exercise capacity. On stress echocardiography, 2 of the ASO patients had dyskinetic areas within the left ventricular myocardium, and 5 had adenosine-induced perfusion defects on positron emission tomography. No coronary obstruction was detected on coronary angiography in any patient, but a common finding was right coronary dominance and a small caliber of the distal part of the left anterior descending artery. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was significantly reduced in all patients after ASO when compared with 10 normal healthy volunteers (age, 25.6±5.3 years). CFR was normal in the 9 patients who had the Ross operation (age, 19.2±7.6 years); exercise-induced perfusion defects were not detected in the Ross patients. Conclusions —Children after ASO are asymptomatic, without clinical signs of coronary dysfunction. In contrast to patients who had the Ross operation, stress-induced perfusion defects and an attenuated CFR were documented. The prognostic implications of these findings and the clinical consequences are unclear; nevertheless, close clinical follow-up of ASO patients is mandatory.
Plagiarism in Residency Application Essays
Authors: Scott Segal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Anecdotal reports suggest that some residency application essays contain plagiarized content.To determine the prevalence of plagiarism in a large cohort of residency application essays.Retrospective cohort study.4975 application essays submitted to residency programs at a single large academic medical center between 1 September 2005 and 22 March 2007.Specialized software was used to compare residency application essays with a database of Internet pages, published works, and previously submitted essays and the percentage of the submission matching another source was calculated. A match of more than 10% to an existing work was defined as evidence of plagiarism.Evidence of plagiarism was found in 5.2% (95% CI, 4.6% to 5.9%) of essays. The essays of non-U.S. citizens were more likely to demonstrate evidence of plagiarism. Other characteristics associated with the prevalence of plagiarism included medical school location outside the United States and Canada; previous residency or fellowship; lack of research experience, volunteer experience, or publications; a low United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score; and non-membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society.The software database is probably incomplete, the 10%-match threshold for defining plagiarism has not been statistically validated, and the study was confined to applicants to 1 institution. Evidence of matching content in an essay cannot be used to infer the applicant's intent and is not sensitive to variations in the cultural context of copying in some societies.Evidence of plagiarism in residency application essays is more common in international applicants but was found in those by applicants to all specialty programs, from all medical school types, and even among applicants with significant academic honors.No external funding.
The Tragic Events of April 1996
Authors: Ann C. Dannhauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters21 August 2001The Tragic Events of April 1996Ann C. Dannhauer, MDAnn C. Dannhauer, MDCoupeville, WA 98239 (Dannhauer)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-4-200108210-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Coulehan's article (1) seems to overlook an important aspect of Australia's history. The author implies that Australians are particularly sensitive to tragic events, such as massacres, because such incidents rarely occur in their country. He also states that the 1996 slaying of 35 people in Port Arthur, Tasmania, was the “worst mass murder in Australian history” (1). However, Australia's past is replete with examples of far more extensive massacres: Its settlement was accompanied by efforts to exterminate the Aborigines. Organized slaughter spanned almost 140 years, and the victims of individual massacres numbered in the hundreds.The ...References1. Coulehan J. The tragic events of April 1996. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:911-3. [PMID: 10836919] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Finlay H, Brown L, Humphreys A, Murray J, O'Byrne D, Smallman T, et al . Australia. Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet Publications; 1998:691. Google Scholar3. Reynolds H. This Whispering in Our Hearts. St. Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin; 1998:193. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Coupeville, WA 98239 (Dannhauer) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Tragic Events of April 1996 Jack Coulehan Metrics 21 August 2001Volume 135, Issue 4Page: 300KeywordsArmed forcesHomicideNervesRacial and ethnic issuesTouch ePublished: 21 August 2001 Issue Published: 21 August 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...