tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Will-o'-the-Wisp of Genetics — Hunting for the Azoospermia Factor Gene
Authors: Chris Tyler-Smith, Csilla Krausz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

It has been known for decades that the Y chromosome carries genes required for spermatogenesis and male fertility. But it has been frustratingly difficult to pin down the relevant genes, to such an extent that a finding reported by Luddi et al.1 in this issue of the Journal — that the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9, Y-linked gene (USP9Y) is not essential for normal spermatogenesis — represents a noteworthy advance in the field.Approximately 15% of couples have difficulty conceiving; the causes are many and include genetic factors. The most common known genetic causes of spermatogenic failure are karyotype anomalies . . .
Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization in Elderly Patients: Impact on Functional Status and Quality of Life
Authors: Todd B. Seto, Deborah A. Taira, Ronna Berezin, Manish S. Chauhan, Donald E. Cutlip, Kalon K.L. Ho, Richard E. Kuntz, David J. Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently performed in elderly patients, but little is known about its impact on overall health and quality of life. Objective: To examine changes in health-related quality of life among elderly patients after PCI. Design: Observational study. Setting: 75 U.S. hospitals. Patients: Participants in two clinical trials of PCI. Measurements: Health-related quality of life was assessed by using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36) survey and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Serial data on health-related quality of life were available for 295 elderly (≥ 70 years) and 1150 nonelderly (<70 years) patients. At 6 months, physical health had improved in 51% of elderly patients and mental health had improved in 29%. Cardiovascular-specific health status had improved in 58% to 75% of elderly patients. Improvement did not significantly differ between elderly and nonelderly patients at 6 months or 1 year. Conclusions: Elderly patients selected for participation in a trial of PCI had substantial improvements in health-related quality of life after PCI that were similar to those in younger patients.
Syndrome de Boerhaave (SB) et fistules anastomotiques (FA): traitement par prothèses métalliques expansibles couvertes oesophagiennes (PMO) ou coliques (PMC)
Authors: D Coumaros, N Tsesmeli
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Patients et Méthodes: 6 malades (2 femmes, 4 hommes) âgés de 51 à 70 ans. 2 SB ont été traités 24 heures ou 3 jours après le début des symptômes. 4 FA chez des malades opérés pour cancer (3 avec radio-chimiothérapie), ont été traités 7 semaines (2 cas) ou 8 mois (1 cas) après oesophagectomie, ou 3 mois après gastrectomie totale. 4 patients présentaient un sepsis, 1 des fausses routes, 1 une fistule cutanée de 1–2mm de diamètre sur le moignon grêle afférent après gastrectomie. En dehors de celle-ci, les fistules étaient oesobronchiques (3 FA dont une double), oesopleurales (2 SB dont une double). Leur diamètre étaient de 3–4cm (1 SB, 1 FA) ou de 1–1.5cm (1 SB, 2 FA). Les PMO étaient avec (8 Hanarostent, 22mm de diamètre, 90, 120 (6), ou 160mm de long) ou sans valve anti-reflux (1 Choostent, 18mm de diamètre, 80mm de long). Les 6 PMC (Hanarostent) avaient 24mm de diamètre et 90mm de long.
Cutaneous leiomyomata in two brothers
Authors: K. C. VERMA, S. D. CHAWDHRY, K. S. RATHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Cutaneous leiomyomata in two brothers Get access K. C. VERMA, K. C. VERMA Department of Skin, Venereal Diseases and Leprosy, Medical College and Hospital, Rohtak (Haryana), India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. D. CHAWDHRY, S. D. CHAWDHRY Department of Skin, Venereal Diseases and Leprosy, Medical College and Hospital, Rohtak (Haryana), India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. S. RATHI K. S. RATHI Department of Skin, Venereal Diseases and Leprosy, Medical College and Hospital, Rohtak (Haryana), India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 3, 1 March 1974, Pages 351–353, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06414.x Published: 01 March 1974 Article history Accepted: 02 July 1973 Published: 01 March 1974
Combined hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in cardiogenic shock.
Authors: C Richard, J L Ricome, A Rimailho, G Bottineau, P Auzepy
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In eight mechanically ventilated patients in cardiogenic shock, we assessed the hemodynamic effects of an infusion of dopamine and dobutamine and evaluated its role in preventing the deleterious effects of administering each amine alone. Each patient received three infusions in a randomly assigned order: dopamine, 15 micrograms/kg/min; dobutamine, 15 micrograms/kg/min; and a combination of dopamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min, and dobutamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min. Stroke volume index increased similarly with the three infusions, but dopamine alone increased oxygen consumption (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine alone and dopamine-dobutamine combined). The dopamine-dobutamine combination increased mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine), maintained pulmonary capillary wedge pressure within normal limits (p less than vs dopamine), and prevented the worsening of hypoxemia induced by dopamine (p less than 0.05). The dopamine-dobutamine combination appears to be useful in the management of mechanically ventilated patients in cardiogenic shock.
Donating books and journals to less developed countries
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Both the BMA and the BMJ receive many requests for free medical books and journals from doctors and librarians in less developed countries and other areas of need. Until recently we have had no specific funding to meet these requests, and have arranged donations of secondhand journals and surplus BMJ books somewhat haphazardly. Since 2000, however, the BMA and BMJ have set aside £30 000 ($47 000; €47 000) a year, from the profits of the BMJ Publishing Group, to help institutions to choose the right health information for their users (see BMA/BMJ information fund's activity report for 2000–2 on bmj.com).

The BMA/BMJ information fund does not give money but donates and sends educational materials. And because we want our donations to help as many people as possible we consider applications only from institutions rather than from individual doctors and other health workers. We ask applicants to tell us about …
EU calls for uniform action against smoking in public places across all states
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

European Union member nations have approved a recommendation calling on all EU states to take legal action by 2012 to protect their citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in enclosed workplaces, indoor public places, public transport, and other public areas.

The recommendation, designed to bring the EU in line with international commitments under the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, also advises member nations to do more to protect children from second hand smoke and to adopt measures to deter tobacco consumption, such as putting graphic colour photographs of cancerous body tissue on cigarette packages. The recommendation was approved on 30 November by the European Council, which includes …
Plasma Exchange When Myeloma Presents as Acute Renal Failure
Authors: William F. Clark, A. Keith Stewart, Gail A. Rock, Marion Sternbach, David M. Sutton, Brendan J. Barrett, A. Paul Heidenheim, Amit X. Garg, David N. Churchill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Two small, randomized trials provide conflicting evidence about the benefits of plasma exchange for patients with acute renal failure at the onset of multiple myeloma. Objective: To assess the effect of 5 to 7 plasma exchanges on a composite outcome in patients with acute renal failure at the onset of multiple myeloma. Design: Randomized, open, controlled trial, stratified by chemotherapy and dialysis dependence, conducted from 1998 to 2004. Setting: Hospital plasma exchange units in 14 Canadian medical centers. Participants: 104 patients between 18 and 81 years of age with acute renal failure at the onset of myeloma. Intervention: Study participants were randomly assigned to conventional therapy plus 5 to 7 plasma exchanges of 50 mL per kg of body weight of 5% human serum albumin for 10 days or conventional therapy alone. Ninety-seven participants completed the 6-month follow-up. Measurements: The primary outcome was a composite measure of death, dialysis dependence, or glomerular filtration rate less than 0.29 mL·s−2·m−2 (<30 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Results: At enrollment, the plasma exchange and control groups were similar for dialysis dependence, chemotherapy, sex, age, hypercalcemia, serum albumin level, 24-hour urine protein level, serum creatinine level, and Durie–Salmon staging. The primary composite end point occurred in 33 of 57 (57.9%) patients in the plasma exchange group and in 27 of 39 (69.2%) patients in the control group (difference between groups, 11.3% [95% CI, −8.3% to 29.1%]; P = 0.36). One third of patients in each group died. Limitations: The study was small, used a composite outcome, and did not use renal biopsy as an inclusion criterion. Recruiting physicians were blinded to treatment allocation but not to treatment thereafter. Conclusions: In patients with acute renal failure at the onset of multiple myeloma, there is no conclusive evidence that 5 to 7 plasma exchanges substantially reduce a composite outcome of death, dialysis dependence, or glomerular filtration rate less than 0.29 mL·s−2·m−2 (<30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) at 6 months.
Cardiopulmonary Critical Care
Authors: R. W. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is a useful book—helpful at the bedside, but, more important, as a reference text. According to the editor, the purpose of the book is to provide insight into disease processes that transcend specific treatment regimens. Therefore, many of the chapters are exclusively devoted to pathophysiologic topics rather than to specific management of disorders. However, the reader should not infer that this book deals only with research and theory; there are many portions that focus on clinical management. The book is organized into three sections. The first is dedicated to an update and review of normal and abnormal cardiopulmonary pathology, as well as a thorough treatment of topics such as control of cardiac output, cardiopulmonary interactions, and acid-base disorders. The last chapter in this section, which deals with peripheral oxygen transport and utilization, is particularly timely and well written. The second section concerns principles of treatment. The authors treat both
Homocystinuria: Heterozygote Detection using Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphocytes
Authors: Joseph L. Goldstein, Barbara K. Campbell, Stanley M. Gartler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Deficiency of cystathionine synthase activity results in the clinical syndrome of homocystinuria. Using phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes as a readily available source of this enzyme, its activity has been compared in 48 control subjects, seven homozygotes affected with homocystinuria, and 17 obligate heterozygotes. PHA-induced enzyme levels were highest in controls (mean +/-SEM, 666.9+/-70.2 pmol cystathionine formed/mg protein per 4 h), intermediate in heterozygotes (114.4+/-27.3), and absent to severely deficient in homozygotes (2.0+/-1.6). Since only three of the 17 values from the obligate heterozygotes overlapped into the control range, this simple method may become clinically useful for heterozygote detection of carriers of the gene for abnormal cystathionine synthase. In addition, this system for induction of cystathionine synthase in lymphocytes has a more general relevance to human biochemical genetics in that it demonstrates that the absence of an enzyme in a normal cell does not preclude using that source for diagnosis of genetic disease if the enzyme can be induced.
1027 KUPFFER IMAGE BY CONTRAST-ENHANCED US WITH SONAZOID IS USEFUL FOR EVALUATING HYPOVASCULAR LIVER NODULES DEPICTED AS HYPOINTENSE IN THE HEPATOBILIARY PHASE OF GD-EOB-DTPA-ENHANCED MRI
Authors: Y. Yasui, K. Tsuchiya, K. Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, Y. Hoshioka, N. Tamaki, T. Katoh, T. Hosokawa, K. Ueda, T. Kuzuya, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, M. Kurosaki, Y. Asahina, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Serum Free Light Chain Escape In Progression and Treatment Resistance In Multiple Myeloma: A Marker For The Impact Of Intra-Clonal Heterogeneity
Authors: Annamaria Brioli, John P. Campbell, Martin F Kaiser, Charlotte Pawlyn, Graham H. Jackson, Walter Gregory, Roger G. Owen, J. Anthony Child, Faith E. Davies, Michele Cavo, Mark T. Drayson, Gareth J. Morgan
Journal: Blood (2013)
The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans.
Authors: J Cao, X Bai, Y Zhao, J Liu, D Zhou, S Fang, M Jia, J Wu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Brick tea-drinking fluorosis is an unusual environmental problem. As a result of an investigation of tea-drinking habits, total fluoride intakes, dental fluorosis, and skeletal fluorosis, this disease has been found in the Sichuan Province of China in Tibetans with a long history of drinking brick tea. The dental fluorosis investigation of 375 Tibetan children (213 males, 162 females) and 161 Han children (86 males, 75 females), 8-15 years of age, was carried out in Daofu County, Sichuan Province. According to the standard of the Chinese Health Ministry, a skeletal fluorosis survey of 658 Tibetans (264 males, 394 females) and 41 Hans (20 males, 11 females), all over 16 years old, was performed. The total fluoride intake and fluorosis were determined from a question--calculation method in all participants. The morbidities of dental fluorosis in Tibetan and Han children are 51.2% and 11.05%, respectively, and the indexes of dental fluorosis are 1.33 and 0.17 (chi 2 = 75.7, p < 0.01) respectively. The morbidity of skeletal fluorosis is 32.83% for Tibetan children and zero for the Han children. The fluoride intakes of Tibetan children and adults were 5.49 mg/person/day and 10.43 mg/person/day, respectively, in this area. Of total everyday fluoride intake, 94.2% by children and 94.4% by adults was from brick tea and zanba (r = 0.99).
Homocysteine and Dementias
Authors: Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Homocysteine is a simple amino acid that has recently received a great deal of attention as a risk factor for atherothrombotic vascular disease. There is reasonably compelling epidemiologic evidence of an association between the plasma homocysteine level and the risk of vascular disease in the coronary, carotid, and peripheral circulations. The mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia promotes atherosclerosis are less clear. They may include oxidative injury to the vascular wall, vascular-cell proliferation, and the development of a prothrombotic state.In this issue of the Journal (see pages 476–483), Seshadri and colleagues provide convincing evidence that, in elderly persons, elevated plasma levels . . .
Public Health Experts Take Aim at a Moving Target: Foodborne Infections
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

IN THE WAKE of recent sieges by foodborne microbes, including an eruption of<i>Escherichia coli</i>0157:H7 infection traced to gourmet apple juice and an outbreak of<i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i>— related illness linked to Guatemalan raspberries, public health officials are circling the wagons against an evolving microbial army. These 2 outbreaks, and other epidemics of foodborne infections in recent years, have focused attention on a dramatic shift in the epidemiology of such diseases that began roughly 15 years ago. That shift, experts note, is manifested not only by the emergence of relatively new microbial threats to human health such as<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 and<i>C cayetanensis</i>, but also by the appearance of more familiar pathogens in foods previously regarded as "safe," such as orange juice and alfalfa sprouts. Scientists estimate, based on several studies conducted over the past 10 years, that foodborne pathogens sicken from 6.5 million to 81 million people
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha deletion promotes diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents
Authors: Chad Walesky, Genea Edwards, Prachi Borude, Sumedha Gunewardena, Maura O'Neil, Byunggil Yoo, Udayan Apte
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), the master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, has been recently shown to inhibit hepatocyte proliferation by way of unknown mechanisms. We investigated the mechanisms of HNF4α-induced inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation using a novel tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible, hepatocyte-specific HNF4α knockdown mouse model. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of HNF4α in adult mice resulted in increased hepatocyte proliferation, with a significant increase in liver-to-body-weight ratio. We determined global gene expression changes using Illumina HiSeq-based RNA sequencing, which revealed that a significant number of up-regulated genes following deletion of HNF4α were associated with cancer pathogenesis, cell cycle control, and cell proliferation. The pathway analysis further revealed that c-Myc-regulated gene expression network was highly activated following HNF4α deletion. To determine whether deletion of HNF4α affects cancer pathogenesis, HNF4α knockdown was induced in mice treated with the known hepatic carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Deletion of HNF4α significantly increased the number and size of DEN-induced hepatic tumors. Pathological analysis revealed that tumors in HNF4α-deleted mice were well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma. Analysis of tumors and surrounding normal liver tissue in DEN-treated HNF4α knockout mice showed significant induction in c-Myc expression. Taken together, deletion of HNF4α in adult hepatocytes results in increased hepatocyte proliferation and promotion of DEN-induced hepatic tumors secondary to aberrant c-Myc activation.
Epidemiologic aspects of Santa Marta hepatitis over a 40-year period
Authors: Bernardo Buitrago, Stephen C. Hadler, Hans Popper, Swan N. Thung, Michael A. Gerber, Robert H. Purcell, James E. Maynard
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

"Santa Marta" hepatitis has been recognized as an unusual type of severe hepatitis occurring in northern Colombia since 1930. Liver specimens from a historic viscerotomy series, used by Gast-Galvis to identify cases and describe epidemiologic features of this disease, were available for review and histopathologic staining for delta-virus. Of 86 liver specimens examined from cases of fulminant Santa Marta hepatitis, 81 showed a distinct histopathologic picture, in various stages of progression, with features of eosinophilic necrosis, microvesicular fat infiltration of the liver parenchyma and morula cells; 69% were positive for delta-antigen by immunoperoxidase staining. This disease occurred predominantly in several small towns within 50 km of Santa Marta, with mortality reaching 1.25 per 1,000 inhabitants per year during the 1940's. Children under age 15 were most commonly affected and males affected twice as frequently as females. Liver specimens obtained from children, or within 15 hr of death, or which showed early histologic stages of disease were most likely to be positive for delta-antigen. This and the accompanying study confirm the existence of a distinct type of fulminant hepatitis in Colombia for over 50 years. The epidemiologic and histopathologic features are comparable to severe hepatitis in Venezuela Indians and in the Amazon basin of Brazil, suggesting that all are caused by delta-superinfection of hepatitis B virus carriers.
Facts of Life
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The phenomenon of altruism in biology has been argued over with such intensity of feeling that the very idea has lost much of its amiable aspect, and instead of being a newly recognized, rather delightful fact of life to be reflected on in puzzlement, it has become the topic of an intermittently ill tempered doctrinal dispute among professionals over how nature, in general, works. It is at the center of today's bitter arguments over the issue of sociobiology.There are now two sides, both ideologic. They are in agreement that there is such a thing as altruism, and part of . . .
Hematopoietic effects of benzene inhalation assessed by long-term bone marrow culture.
Authors: N G Abraham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The strong and long-lasting hematotoxic effect after benzene exposure in vivo (300 ppm, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks) was assessed in mice with bone marrow cells grown in long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC). Bone marrow cultures initiated 1 day after the last benzene exposure did not produce adequate numbers of hematopoietic cells over 3 weeks, and, in most cases, no erythroid or myeloid clonogenic cells could be recovered. The adherent cell layer of these cultures had a lowered capacity for supporting in vitro hematopoiesis after the second seeding with normal bone marrow cells compared with control cultures. Two weeks after the last benzene exposure, body weight, hematocrit, bone marrow cellularity, and committed hematopoietic progenitor content (BFU-E and CFU-GM) were regenerated to normal or subnormal values, whereas hematopoiesis in LTBMC was very poor. Over 8 weeks, little or no significant committed progenitor production was observed. Treatment of mice exposed to benzene with hemin (three doses of 3 micrograms/g bw i.v. over 2 weeks for a total dose of 9 micrograms/g) partially overcame the toxic effect of benzene on the hematopoietic system as measured by the LTBMC method. Cultures from mice treated with hemin had a modest recovery of BFU-E and CFU-GM clonogenic potential after 5 to 6 weeks in LTBMC. In contrast, little or no recovery was obtained for the adherent cell layer clonogenic capacity, even after hemin treatment. These results clearly indicate a strong, long-lasting toxic effect on the bone marrow stroma and a limited recovery of hematopoietic potential by clonogenic cells of the nonadherent population after in vivo hemin treatment.
Cementum proteins: role in cementogenesis, biomineralization, periodontium formation and regeneration
Authors: Higinio Arzate, Margarita Zeichner‐David, Gabriela Mercado‐Celis
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract Destruction of the periodontium is normally associated with periodontal disease, although many other factors, such as trauma, aging, infections, orthodontic tooth movement and systemic and genetic diseases, can contribute to this process. Strategies (such as guided tissue regeneration) have been developed to guide and control regeneration using bioresorbable membranes and bone grafts. Although effective to a certain point, these strategies have the problem that they are not predictable and do not completely restore the architecture of the original periodontium. To achieve complete repair and regeneration it is necessary to recapitulate the developmental process with complete formation of cementum, bone and periodontal ligament fibers. Detailed knowledge of the biology of cementum is key for understanding how the periodontium functions, identifying pathological issues and for developing successful therapies for repair and regeneration of damaged periodontal tissue. It is the purpose of this review to focus on the role of cementum and its specific components in the formation, repair and regeneration of the periodontium. As cementum is a matrix rich in growth factors that could influence the activities of various periodontal cell types, this review will examine the characteristics of cementum, its composition and the role of cementum components, especially the cementum protein‐1, during the process of cementogenesis, and their potential usefulness for regeneration of the periodontal structures in a predictable therapeutic manner.