tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Increased Blood Oxygen Affinity on Work Performance of Rats
Authors: Robert D. Woodson, Bengt Wranne, James C. Detter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Influence of altered blood oxygen affinity on maximal performance ability was evaluated in trained rats exercising to exhaustion in a graded treadmill test. Modification of blood oxygen affinity was achieved both by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate depletion, accomplished by exposure of animals to CO(2) and by exchange transfusion with blood exposed to bisulfite or stored in acid citrate dextrose, and by carbamylation of hemoglobin, produced by exchange transfusion of blood incubated with potassium cyanate. A decrease in oxygen tension at half-saturation of hemoglobin (P(50)) from 36 to 23 mm Hg produced a decrease in resting central venous oxygen pressure of about 12 mm Hg. During exercise it caused an average decrease in work performance of about 10%, which was equivalent to that performance decrement caused by a decrease in hemoglobin concentration of approximately 10%. When superimposed on anemia, this change in blood oxygen affinity again caused a similar decrease in performance over and above that due to anemia alone. A marked rightward shift of the in vivo oxygen dissociation curve during severe exercise may have compensated for the reduced in vitro P(50).
Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Joseph E. Marine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters20 March 2007Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory SettingJoseph E. Marine, MDJoseph E. Marine, MDFrom Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-6-200703200-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Although Gandhi and colleagues' report (1) is an interesting and important descriptive study of a large series of malpractice cases, its conclusions about “errors” are tempered by methodological flaws. In addition to failing to blind reviewers to the outcome of the cases and other potentially prejudicial material in the legal files, the study used medical trainees to review cases, make gold standard determinations of error, and project the probable consequences of those errors—this method is difficult to understand. Because malpractice actions generally involve competing expert interpretations of critical medical evidence, it would seem reasonable to use experts ...References1. Gandhi TK, Kachalia A, Thomas EJ, Puopolo AL, Yoon C, Brennan TA, et al. Missed and delayed diagnoses in the ambulatory setting: a study of closed malpractice claims. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:488-96. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bogun F, Anh D, Kalahasty G, Wissner E, Bou Serhal C, Bazzi R, et al. Misdiagnosis of atrial fibrillation and its clinical consequences. . Am J Med. 2004;117:636-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Knight BP, Pelosi F, Michaud GF, Strickberger SA, Morady F. Clinical consequences of electrocardiographic artifact mimicking ventricular tachycardia. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1270-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMissed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting: A Study of Closed Malpractice Claims Tejal K. Gandhi , Allen Kachalia , Eric J. Thomas , Ann Louise Puopolo , Catherine Yoon , Troyen A. Brennan , and David M. Studdert Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting Eta S. Berner , Randolph A. Miller , and Mark L. Graber Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting Tejal K. Gandhi , Allen Kachalia , and David M. Studdert Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Ambulatory Setting Thomas P. Clairmont Jr. Metrics 20 March 2007Volume 146, Issue 6Page: 469KeywordsConflicts of interestElectrocardiographyHealth care providers ePublished: 20 March 2007 Issue Published: 20 March 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sodium restriction and blood pressure in hypertensive type II diabetics: randomised blind controlled and crossover studies of moderate sodium restriction and sodium supplementation.
Authors: P. M. Dodson, M. Beevers, R. Hallworth, M. J. Webberley, R. F. Fletcher, K. G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effect of moderate dietary sodium restriction on the hypertension of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. DESIGN--Randomised parallel controlled study of moderate sodium restriction for three months compared with usual diabetic diet, followed by randomised double blind crossover trial of sustained release preparation of sodium for one month versus placebo for one month in patients continuing with sodium restriction. SETTING--Patients attending diabetic outpatient clinic of city hospital. PATIENTS--Thirty four patients with established type II diabetes complicated by mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg or diastolic pressure greater than 95 mm Hg on three consecutive occasions). Patients already taking antihypertensive agents (but not diuretics) not barred from study provided that criteria for mild hypertension still met. Conditions precluding patients from study were diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy, cardiac failure, and pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS--After run in phase with recordings at seven weeks, three weeks, and time zero patients were allocated at random to receive moderate dietary sodium restriction for three months (n = 17) or to continue with usual diabetic diet. Subsequently nine patients in sodium restriction group continued with regimen for a further two months, during which they completed a randomised double blind crossover trial of sustained release preparation of sodium (Slow Sodium 80 mmol daily) for one month versus matching placebo for one month. END POINT--Reduction in blood pressure in type II diabetics with mild hypertension. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Supine and erect blood pressure, body weight, and 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion measured monthly during parallel group and double blind crossover studies. After parallel group study sodium restriction group showed significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (supine 19.2 mm Hg, erect 21.4 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) and mean daily urinary sodium excretion (mean reduction 60 mmol/24 h). There were no appreciable changes in weight, diabetic control, or diastolic pressure. No significant changes occurred in controls. In double blind crossover study mean supine systolic blood pressure rose significantly (p less than 0.005) during sodium supplementation (to 171 mm Hg) compared with value after three months of sodium restriction alone (159.9 mm Hg) and after one month of placebo (161.8 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS--Moderate dietary restriction of sodium has a definite hypotensive effect, which may be useful in mild hypertension of type II diabetes.
Selecting Patients for Insect Venom Immunotherapy
Authors: Richard T. Hatch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 September 1993Selecting Patients for Insect Venom ImmunotherapyRichard T. Hatch, MD, William S. Davis, MD, and Renata J. M. Engler, MDRichard T. Hatch, MDSearch for more papers by this author, William S. Davis, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Renata J. M. Engler, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by van der Linden and colleagues [1] provides valuable information about the body's response to anaphylactic shock, but it overstates the value of insect-sting challenges. As pointed out by the authors, the reported rate of repeat insect-sting anaphylaxis varies from approximately 20% to 80%. The reason for this variability may be different study designs, but a more important factor may be the biologic variability inherent in the insect sting itself. In their study [1], only 28% of patients with a history of insect-sting anaphylaxis and evidence of specific IgE reacted to a sting challenge. The ...References1. van der Linden PW, Struyvenberg A, Kraaijenhagen RJ, Hack CE, van der Zwan JK. Anaphylactic shock after insect-sting challenge in 138 persons with a previous insect-sting reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:161-8. Google Scholar2. Radford B, Engler RJ, Carpenter G. Discrepancies between repeated venom skin testing and in vitro measures of venom specific IgE. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993; 91:285. Google Scholar3. Golden DB. Epidemiology of allergy to insect venoms and stings. Allergy Proc. 1989; 10:103-7. Google Scholar4. Sampson HA, Mendelson L, Rosen JP. Fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to food in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:380-4. Google Scholar5. Valentine MD. Insect-sting anaphylaxis (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:225-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 437-439KeywordsAnaphylaxisBiologicsChildrenEpinephrineMortalityPatientsShockVenoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Further Study into Obstructive Jaundice and Ischaemic Renal Damage
Authors: M. Baum, G. A. Stirling, J. L. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Renal ischaemia for one hour in two groups of Gunn rats, one with and the other without bile-duct ligation, produced comparable reversible renal tubular lesions in both groups. Since Gunn rats have an unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, which is unaffected by bile-duct ligation, it seems likely that the high levels of bilirubin glucuronide are responsible for sensitizing the renal tubules to ischaemia, possibly by depressing cell respiration.
Family Physicians and Options for Childbirth Care--Reply
Authors: R. M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Absorption of non-haem iron from food during normal pregnancy
Authors: J. F R Barrett, P. G Whittaker, J. G Williams, T. Lind
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine whether the increased iron demands of pregnancy could be met by increased absorption from dietary sources. <b>Design and setting</b>: Longitudinal prospective study in the research unit of a maternity hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 12 normal pregnant women. Interventions—At 12, 24, and 36 weeks9 gestation (within one week) and 16-24 weeks after delivery women ate a breakfast of meat, bread, and orange juice (3.2 mg iron), extrinsically labelled with the stable isotope iron-54 (2.8 mg); the stable isotope iron-57 (200 µg) was given intravenously. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Serum samples were taken for 10 hours after administration of the isotopes; ratios of the isotopes were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the absorption of oral iron was calculated. <b>Results</b>: The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) absorption of iron at 12, 24, and 36 weeks9 gestation was 7% (5% to 11%), 36% (28% to 47%), and 66% (57% to 76%) respectively. At 16-24 weeks after delivery the absorption was 11% (6% to 21%). The mean increase in absorption at 36 weeks (compared with that at 12 weeks) was 9.1 times (6.0 to 13.7). One pregnant woman developed iron deficiency anaemia but was otherwise indistinguishable from the others. <b>Conclusions</b>: An increase in the absorption of iron from food is a physiological consequence of normal pregnancy, not the result of developing anaemia during pregnancy, and such an increase is large enough to meet the increased requirements of pregnancy provided that the dietary intake is adequate.
Integration of Handicapped Children in Society
Authors: Jonathan Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This is a series of 22 short pieces by 22 teachers, social workers, and others concerned with the subject, what to do with the congenitally deformed, the deaf, the blind, and myelodysplastic, the cerebral palsied—ie, the handicapped—child. Within the compass of British and Scandinavian school systems, the home base of the authors, planning of schooling and evaluation of results of regimens for those children can be very fruitful. And so they are. Applied to the United States scene, collecting data for this book would be nearly impossible. Where, in the United States, could one determine how many handicapped individuals go to college or what kinds of jobs actually are held by a significant group of deaf persons? Some of the answers are here, despite a somewhat superficial portrayal of some aspects of the subject and too many trite generalizations. The book reads very easily and would be an excellent introduction
When women doctors behave as men
Authors: G. Markham
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Full T cell activation requires TCR engagement (signal 1) in the context of costimulation (signal 2). Costimulation is required for maximal expression of effector cytokines and prevention of T cell anergy. It has become increasingly clear that another major function of costimulation is to up-regulate the metabolic machinery necessary for T cell function. In this report we demonstrate that anergic T cells are metabolically anergic, in that upon full stimulation (signals 1 plus 2) they fail to up-regulate the machinery necessary to support increased metabolism. These findings suggest that one mechanism responsible for the maintenance of T cell anergy is failure to up-regulate the metabolic machinery. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by blocking leucine, glucose, and energy metabolism, T cell activation is mitigated. Additionally, inhibition of these metabolic pathways during T cell activation leads to anergy in Th1-differentiated cells. Overall, our findings extend the role of T cell metabolism in regulating T cell function.
Sex and physical disability
Authors: G. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1981)

of pressure, liquefied phenol should be rubbed into the nail matrix and bed.Dr Cameron does not state for what periods patients are followed up after angular pheno- lisation, as opposed to the simple treatment, but a long-term view must be taken.Chiropodial experience is that phenol can inhibit nail- germinating cells so that they do not divide for months or a year or more, but eventually they become active again and produce a troublesome degree of cornification.Adequately applied phenol will always destroy, but, certainly, it is as easy to fail to eradicate the matrix by phenolisation as it is for a surgeon not to dissect it out completely.Accepting Dr Cameron's point that the current medical methods for treating ingrowing toenails are generally unsatisfactory, might I suggest that chiropodial approaches be considered and that reference is made to our literature when the problem is reviewed.
Inclusion of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus proviral elements markedly increases lentivirus vector pseudotyping efficiency
Authors: Patrick L. Sinn, Erin R. Burnight, Hong Shen, Hung Fan, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Retroviral pseudotyping for gene transfer applications endeavors to alter vector tropism and maintain a suitable titer. We investigated the compatibility of the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) envelope glycoprotein with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vector. A construct consisting of the minimal JSRV env coding region expressed from a standard mammalian expression plasmid generated FIV vector titers of approximately 10(4) TU/ml following standard triple transfection, collection of supernatants, and concentration by centrifuge. Interestingly, retention of the native proviral 5' and 3' flanking regions surrounding the JSRV env resulted in exceptional titers of approximately 10(8) TU/ml following the same viral preparation. To discern the regions necessary to achieve this 10,000-fold increase in titer, additional constructs were designed and tested. Our results indicate that the enhanced vector titer correlates with an increase in steady-state levels of envelope RNA that results from a combination of RNA splicing and stability, leading to increased envelope protein production. Expression of four other glycoproteins in an expression plasmid retaining the enhancing elements from the JSRV proviral sequence increased FIV vector titers from 0- to 100-fold. These novel data demonstrate that optimization of the envelope expression construct can profoundly influence titers for lentivirus vectors.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A as a Novel Target for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xiaoqin Wang, Payal Raulji, Shyam S Mohapatra, Ronil Patel, Gary Hellermann, Xiaoyuan Kong, Pedro L Vera, Katherine L Meyer-Siegler, Domenico Coppola, Subhra Mohapatra
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Abstract Background The receptor for the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA), is expressed in cancer cells, and natriuretic peptides have been implicated in cancers. However, the direct role of NPRA signaling in prostate cancer remains unclear. Results NPRA expression was examined by western blotting, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. NPRA was downregulated by transfection of siRNA, shRNA and NPRA inhibitor (iNPRA). Antitumor efficacy of iNPRA was tested in mice using a TRAMP-C1 xenograft. Here, we demonstrated that NPRA is abundantly expressed on tumorigenic mouse and human prostate cells, but not in nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells. NPRA expression showed positive correlation with clinical staging in a human PCa tissue microarray. Down-regulation of NPRA by siNPRA or iNPRA induced apoptosis in PCa cells. The mechanism of iNPRA-induced anti-PCa effects was linked to NPRA-induced expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine over-expressed in PCa and significantly reduced by siNPRA. Prostate tumor cells implanted in mice deficient in atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA-KO) failed to grow, and treatment of TRAMP-C1 xenografts with iNPRA reduced tumor burden and MIF expression. Using the TRAMP spontaneous PCa model, we found that NPRA expression correlated with MIF expression during PCa progression. Conclusions Collectively, these results suggest that NPRA promotes PCa development in part by regulating MIF. Our findings also suggest that NPRA is a potential prognostic marker and a target for PCa therapy.
Use of Celestin tube for palliation of malignant oesophageal obstruction
Authors: J. L. Provan
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Palliation of dysphagia due to malignant obstruction of the oesophagus by passage of the Celestin tube is described in 36 cases. Although there was a high initial mortality, this was most marked when the tube was used to palliate dysphagia due to enlarged posterior mediastinal glands. Satisfactory palliation was obtained in all but one patient, and four patients survived more than six months in relatively good health. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula responded particularly well to the use of the indwelling tube. Gastro-intestinal bleeding and would complications accounted for the main morbidity following the procedure.
Metabolic Control of Diabetes Is Associated With an Improved Response of Diabetic Retinopathy to Panretinal Photocoagulation
Authors: Maria G. Kotoula, George N. Koukoulis, Elias Zintzaras, Constantinos H. Karabatsas, Dimitrios Z. Chatzoulis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To study the influence of glycemic control and the presence of microalbuminuria on the initial response to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with a high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a prospective cohort study with a two-by-two factorial design. We used full-scattered PRP to treat 115 eyes of type 2 diabetic patients who have high-risk PDR. HbA1c (A1C) and albumin levels in 24-h urine were constantly monitored during the preenrollment, treatment, and posttreatment periods. At a follow-up visit 12 weeks after the last PRP session, the fundus was examined for characteristics of regression from high-risk PDR and the response to PRP was determined to be successful or unsuccessful. The eyes were categorized into four groups based on average A1C levels and the presence or absence of microalbuminuria. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Our statistical analysis determined the probability of achieving a satisfactory response to PRP in association with A1C levels and the presence or absence of microalbuminuria. RESULTS—Of the 115 eyes examined, 65 (56.5%) had a successful initial response to PRP and 50 (43.5%) did not. The probability of a satisfactory response to PRP was related to A1C levels (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not to microalbuminuria and its interaction with hemoglobin glycosylation (P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—Low levels of hemoglobin glycosylation (A1C &amp;lt;8%) during the pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment periods are associated with a regression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after PRP.