tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of Glipizide and its Effect on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in Patients with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: Charles M Peterson, Richard V Sims, Robert L Jones, Fredric Rieders
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The bioavailability of glipizide, plasma glucose, and insulin levels were measured in seven patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Glucose and insulin response to three standard meals was measured at 11 identical time points on the day of placebo administration and on the first and 15th day of glipizide administration (mean dose of 8.7 mg glipizide orally per day). The bioavailability profile of glipizide was highly consistent between day 1 and day 15 of administration. On both days, the drug peaked within 1.2–1.8 h and displayed a plasma half-life of between 2.5 and 3.2 h. While insulin levels were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased at 4 of 11 time points of day 1, significantly elevated insulin levels were found at one time point on day 15 of glipizide administration. Insulin levels were found to be increased only in the presence of plasma drug concentrations of 200 ng/ml or greater. The hypoglycemic effect of the drug was significantly greater on day 15 than on day 1 of administration, and a significant hypoglycemic effect was noted even when drug levels were undetectable in plasma.
Bomb Shelters and Nuclear Bombs
Authors: Louis A. Terman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We of the medical profession have devoted our lives to curing and preventing disease wherever possible. As a group, we are most sincere in what we do—we try to help man live longer and without pain and anguish. Yet as a group, we express ourselves less and seem to care less about radiation and the horrible possibilities of nuclear war. I am sure that most physicians believe that bomb shelters are next to ridiculous. Most believe that continuous pollution of the air, soil, and water will result in increased incidence of leukemia, bone sarcoma, and carcinoma. Now that radioactive iodine is increased, pathology of the thyroid will increase. It is well known that genes are affected by radiation; yet we physicians, as a group, are the most silent segment of society when we ought to be the most voluble, because it is with the health of mankind
Lectures on Diseases of Women and Children
Authors: C. H. F. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1862)

ther throughout the body.But this great discovery has been no help to us in the choice and application of remedies.True! there is a palsy of motion and a palsy of sensation, when they are distinct diseases.And there is a palsy of motion and sensation com- bined, and the disease is mixed.But whether the palsy be one or the other or a combination of both, it has not, therefore, its own treatment; and remedies cannot reach either order of nerves except through the entire nervous system and the body at large.
Inhibition of Clinical Benefits of Aspirin on First Myocardial Infarction by Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Tobias Kurth, Robert J. Glynn, Alexander M. Walker, K. Arnold Chan, Julie E. Buring, Charles H. Hennekens, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Circulation (2003)

There is clear evidence from numerous randomized trials and their meta-analyses that aspirin reduces risks of first myocardial infarction (MI). Recent data also suggest that other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may interfere with this benefit of aspirin.We performed subgroup analysis from a 5-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 325 mg aspirin on alternate days among 22 071 apparently healthy US male physicians with prospective observational data on use of NSAIDs. A total of 378 MIs were confirmed, 139 in the aspirin group and 239 in the placebo group. Aspirin conferred a statistical extreme (P<0.00001) 44% reduction in risk of first MI. Among participants randomized to aspirin, use of NSAIDs on 1 to 59 d/y was not associated with MI (multivariable adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.87), whereas the use of NSAIDs on > or =60 d/y was associated with MI (RR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.25 to 6.56) compared with no use of NSAIDs. In the placebo group, the RRs for MI across the same categories of NSAID use were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.60) and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.03 to 1.48).These data suggest that regular but not intermittent use of NSAIDs inhibits the clinical benefits of aspirin. Chance, bias, and confounding remain plausible alternative explanations, despite the prospective design and adjustment for covariates. Nonetheless, we believe the most plausible interpretation of the data to be that regular but not intermittent use of NSAIDs inhibits the clinical benefit of aspirin on first MI.
Gigantic Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: F Reichenberger, Jonathan Brant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 49-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of progressive exertional dyspnea and hoarseness. She had received a diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery 22 years earlier. At that time, right heart catheterization showed a mean pulmonary-artery pressure of 42 mm Hg. She was treated with oral anticoagulants, and her condition remained stable thereafter. At the time of her current presentation, an x-ray film of the chest (Panel A) showed gigantic pulmonary arteries and cardiomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging (Panel B) confirmed the presence of marked dilatation of the main pulmonary artery (long arrows), with peripheral . . .
A baker's occupational allergy to flour moth (<i>Ephestia kuehniella</i>)
Authors: S. Mäkinen‐Kiljunen, H. Mussalo‐Rauhamaa, L. Petman, J. Rinne, T. Haahtela
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Allergy to insects is common. However, few reports cover occupational sensitization to flour moth (Ephestia [syn. Anagasta] kuehniella). We describe a baker who suffered from IgE-mediated occupational respiratory allergy to flour moth.The skin prick test (SPT) and serum IgE tests were used to evaluate the patient's sensitivity to flour moth. Allergen cross-reactivity with mites was evaluated in IgE-inhibition studies. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated by nasal challenge test. Pulmonary function tests were repeatedly monitored.SPT with flour moth gave a 6-mm wheal, and an elevated level of flour moth-specific IgE was measured in the patient's serum (1.9 PRU/ml, RAST class 2). Immunoblotting with the patient's serum revealed at least seven heavy IgE-binding bands with molecular masses of 22, 35, 43, 53, 65, 77, and >86 kDa in the extract of flour moth. Allergen cross-reactivity with mites was demonstrated in inhibition studies. Immediate-type allergy to flour moth was confirmed by nasal challenge. Increased daily variability of PEF values was observed during workplace exposure.A baker's occupational respiratory allergy to flour moth was confirmed.
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Man at Different Intravascular Distending Pressures Measured in a Case of Mitral Stenosis Complicated by Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Authors: B. L. LENDRUM, A. M. LICHTMAN
Journal: Circulation (1957)

The factors capable of altering pulmonary vascular resistance in man have not been entirely clarified despite numerous studies. The authors have studied this problem in an unanesthetized human and demonstrated that one mechanism altering human pulmonary vascular resistance is change in venous pulmonary intravascular distending pressures.
Glomus Jugulare Tumor
Authors: Raymond Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In X-RAY SEMINAR NUMBER 89 the comment includes the following error: "Glomus jugulare tumor is the specific anatomical description for nonchromaffin paraganglioma arising from the ganglion nodosum of the vagus nerve." The name glomus jugulare tumor should be reserved for tumors arising in the middle ear, apparently from the glomus jugulare of Guild, or the paraganglion tympanicum of Krause.<sup>1</sup>Tumors arising in the ganglion nodosum of the vagus nerve have a variety of names (nonchromaffin paraganglioma of ganglion nodosum,<sup>2</sup>chemodectoma of glomus intravagale,<sup>3</sup>vagal body tumor,<sup>3</sup>etc) but are never called glomus jugulare tumors. Although aural symptoms are uncommon in vagal body tumors, the description of the tumor suggests that it was a vagal body tumor with intracranial extension through the jugular foramen rather than a glomus jugulare tumor.
Hypocalcemia in Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Andrew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The interesting review entitled "Hypocalcemia in Critical Illness" by Zaloga and Chernow<sup>1</sup>omits several important points in discussing rhabdomyolysis and hypocalcemia. These are worth discussing, since nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis may cause 7% of all cases of acute renal failure<sup>2</sup>and may be accompanied by dramatic hypocalcemia.<sup>3</sup> Hyperphosphatemia is listed as the cause of hypocalcemia in this setting when in fact recent reviews single out calcium deposition in damaged muscle as the predominant mechanism in this complex process.<sup>3,4</sup>Calcium deposition in muscle has been demonstrated by biopsy and computed tomographic scan and may explain technetium 99 pyrophosphate bone scan uptake in damaged muscle. Moreover, a study of 87 episodes of rhabdomyolysis noted that 56% of hypocalcemic patients simultaneously had normal serum phosphorus levels.<sup>5</sup> An important therapeutic point is that in this setting hypocalcemia is usually self-limited and rarely causes problems.<sup>3</sup>My experience with
Randomised controlled trials: inferring significance of treatment effects based on confidence intervals
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers investigated the effects of a food supplement on body mass in wasted adults with HIV who were starting antiretroviral therapy. A randomised controlled superiority trial was performed. Intervention was a fortified spread food supplement delivered for 14 weeks. Control treatment was a corn-soy blend food supplement—the most commonly available supplementary food in food aid programmes. The setting was a large public clinic associated with a referral hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Participants were adults with a body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2. A total of 491 participants were recruited and randomised to the fortified spread (n=245) or corn-soy blend (n=246) food supplement groups. The primary outcomes were changes in BMI and fat-free body mass from baseline at 14 weeks.1 After 14 weeks of intervention, the mean change in BMI was an increase of 2.2 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval 1.96 to 2.44) for the fortified spread group and 1.7 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval 1.49 to 1.91) for the corn-soy blend group. The mean change in fat-free body mass was an increase of 2.9kg (95% confidence interval 2.50 to 3.30) for the fortified spread group, and 2.2kg (95% confidence interval 1.82 to 2.58) for the corn-soy blend group. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
US judges rule in favour of abortion "hit list"
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Antiabortionists in the United States have won the right to run a website publicising the names and addresses of doctors who provide abortions to pregnant women.

A three judge panel of a federal appeals court in San Francisco ruled that a website called “The Nuremberg Files” which depicted severed limbs dripping blood and listed the names and addresses of abortion providers, crossing their names off after they were killed, was constitutionally protected. It threw out a $109m (£78m) damages award against militant abortion opponents ( BMJ 1999;318:214, 415).

The panel held …
Review of New Drug Therapies in the Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: Joseph Thimann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IN RECENT years two new drugs have been added to the physician's armamentarium in his fight against alcoholic addiction.The action of the first one, tetraethyl thiuram disulfide, with the commercial name of Antabuse, is based on its property of oversensitizing the body to alcohol. As a result of this property, a person who has taken a certain amount of the drug will, if alcohol is consumed a few hours later or on the following day, experience several kinds of rather unpleasant, sometimes even alarming signs and symptoms, such as a feeling of heat in the face concurrent with marked . . .
US consumer group criticizes proposal to allow drug makers to challenge safety information
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A proposal by the US Food and Drug Administration to allow drug companies to distribute peer reviewed articles indicating that FDA approved labeling overstates a drug’s risks drew near unanimous opposition during its public comment period, shows an analysis of the comments obtained under a Freedom of Information Act request.

In June 2014 the FDA posted for public comment a draft guidance letter that, if adopted, would allow drug companies to distribute “new risk information that rebuts, mitigates, or refines risk information in approved labeling” if the information came from studies that were “sufficiently well designed and informative to merit consideration in assessing the implications of a risk” and were published in an independent, peer reviewed journal.1

Pre-market studies, the FDA argued in the proposed guidance document, evaluate a drug’s effectiveness by considering trials that are designed to determine whether the drug is effective …
Treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis by inhibition of pancreatic secretion with octreotide.
Authors: P Malfertheiner, D Mayer, M Buchler, J E Dominguez-Munoz, B Schiefer, H Ditschuneit
Journal: Gut (1995)

It has been suggested that pancreatic ductal hypertension, secondary to pancreatic outflow obstruction, is a cause of pain in chronic pancreatitis. This study investigated the effect of inhibiting pancreatic secretion with octreotide in chronic pancreatitis pain. Ten patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and severe daily pain were included in an intraindividual double blind crossover study. All patients received octreotide (3 x 100 micrograms/day subcutaneously) and placebo (3 x 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously) for three days at random. Between both treatment phases a two day washout period was interposed. Intensity of pain (visual analogue scale) and analgesic consumption were carefully registered. Pancreatic secretion was monitored daily by measuring faecal chymotrypsin concentration. It was found that during the administration of octreotide, pancreatic secretion was strongly inhibited (faecal chymotrypsin mean (SD) 1.7 (0.6) U/g) with respect to placebo (9.6 (4.2) U/g) and washout (7.6 (3.1) U/g) periods (p &lt; 0.001). Pain score (29.6 (4.5) v 28.7 (5.8)) and consumption of analgesics were no different during the octreotide and placebo periods. It is concluded that short term inhibition of pancreatic secretion does not result in pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis. This finding is in contrast with the hypothesis that outflow obstruction of pancreatic secretion with consequent ductal hypertension is an important cause of severe persistent pain in chronic pancreatitis.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Arthur E. Pitchenik, Margaret A. Fischl, Thomas J. Spira
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Two patients who contracted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) could not be included in any of the known high-risk groups for this syndrome (ie, they were not homosexual, intravenous [IV] drug abusers, Haitian, or hemophiliacs). Patient 1, however, had regular sexual contact with her husband, an IV drug abuser who is asymptomatic despite a severe T-cell defect (T-helper cells, 33/cu mm; T-helper/T-suppressor ratio, 0.32; and a depressed lymphoproliferative response to mitogens and antigens). We hypothesize that he may be an asymptomatic carrier of an AIDS agent that he transmitted to his wife through intimate heterosexual contact. This mode of sexual transmission may provide a vector for the spread of AIDS to low-risk populations. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1310-1312)
TCT-239 Clinical Utility of Peak Creatine Kinase-MB Measurements in Predicting Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Clinical Outcomes After First Anterior Myocardial Infarction: An INFUSE-AMI Sub-study
Authors: Tomotaka Dohi, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, Philippe Genereux, Sorin Brener, Anthony Gershlick, Roxana Mehran, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of computed tomography in assessing "operability" of bronchial carcinoma
Authors: R. Milroy, J. H McKillop, S. W Banham, K. G Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

To try to assess the accuracy of predicting "operability" (as defined by local policy) of bronchial carcinoma 300 patients underwent computed tomography of the thorax in a prospective study. The results of 141 patients showed an agreement between computed tomographic and surgical (including pathological) findings in those patients who had received operations. Most of the other patients had more advanced disease than suggested by the findings of computed tomography. A total of 118 patients did not receive operations: in 47 their disease was considered to be inoperable on the basis of computed tomographic findings alone, and this was accepted by the cardiothoracic surgeons after consultation. Thirty two other patients had further evidence of metastatic disease on other investigations. Computed tomography of the thorax should be performed early in the assessment of operability of patients with bronchial carcinoma and before the start of an extensive search for metastatic disease.
THE DIETETIC TREATMENT OF NEPHRITIS.
Authors: F. C. SHATTUCK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

So powerless are we directly to influence the kidneys by drugs that diet becomes of prime importance in our efforts to do our best for patients suffering from disablement of these organs, which play so leading a rôle in excretion. The principle which should guide us may be expressed in one word—rest, provided that we remember that in the living body rest is a relative term. Absolute rest, as evidenced by cessation of the output of the kidneys, means death before many days. By rest we mean here, of course, such limitation of demand as may promote either complete restoration of functional activity, or such measure of it as may be possible, together with maintenance of the same for the longest possible time and without injury to the body as a whole or to its other important constituent parts. Acute nephritis is of all grades of intensity, varying from a
Cardiovascular Risk and the Thiazolidinediones
Authors: Daniel H. Solomon, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
If you want a job doing...
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

I spent most of last weekend attempting to install a plastic waste bin on the inside of a cupboard door. According to the picture on the box, the lid of the bin would lift automatically when the cupboard door opened. To produce the finished product, I was required to fix a series of tiny hooks and pulleys at impossible angles on the roof of the cupboard, and thread a piece of elastic back and forth in a crucial sequence labelled A1-B1-A2-, …
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dutasteride 0.5 mg once daily in male patients with male pattern hair loss: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study
Authors: Hee Chul Eun, Oh Sang Kwon, Je Ho Yeon, Hyo Seung Shin, Byung Yoon Kim, Byung In Ro, Han Kyong Cho, Woo Young Sim, Bark Lynn Lew, Won-Soo Lee, Hwa Young Park, Seung Phil Hong, Jae Hong Ji
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Perinatal practice and compensation for handicap
Authors: R. Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1980)

preservation of antimicrobial factors (other than milk cells) approaching 100%.There is no simple correct way of running a human milk bank.However, great caution should be exercised in recommending the wholesale adoption of a policy of using raw bacteriologically unmonitored human milk for sick low-birthweight infants, especially in hospitals which have had little or no previous experience of human milk banking.I believe that, apart from the use of fresh milk from an individual mother for her own baby, it is safer to opt for a simple system based on precise pasteurisation,2 which can be relied on to provide bacteriologically clean milk with the majority of its bacteriostatic properties intact.