tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diastolic sounds and murmurs associated with mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: J Y Wei, N J Fortuin
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Although mitral valve prolapse is often associated with a systolic click or murmur, it is not widely appreciated that a sound or murmur may also occur in diastole. Nine patients with a systolic click or murmur and echocardiographic evidence of mitral prolapse had, in addition, a diastolic sound or an early diastolic murmur best heard at the apex or left sternal border. The sound, which was of high frequency and easily audible, followed A2 by 70-110 msec (mean 94 +/- 5 msec), and coincided with the point where the prolapsed posterior leaflet returned from the left atrium and recoapted with the anterior mitral leaflet. The diastolic sound occurred 40-60 msec (mean 53 +/- 4 msec) before the E point of the echocardiogram and O point of the apexcardiogram, and even longer before the rapid-filling wave. The diastolic murmur, also of high frequency, was brief and decrescendo, and simulated aortic regurgitation in two patients. Thus, mitral prolapse may be associated with a sound or murmur in diastole. When a diastolic sound or murmur is best heard apically, even if accompanied by a systolic murmur, mitral valve prolapse should be considered.
microRNA expression profiling identifies molecular signatures associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Cuiling Liu, Javeed Iqbal, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Yulei Shen, Magdalena Julia Dabrowska, Karen Dybkaer, Megan S. Lim, Roberto Piva, Antonella Barreca, Elisa Pellegrino, Elisa Spaccarotella, Cynthia M. Lachel, Can Kucuk, Chun-Sun Jiang, Xiaozhou Hu, Sharathkumar Bhagavathi, Timothy C. Greiner, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Patricia Aoun, Sherrie L. Perkins, Timothy W. McKeithan, Giorgio Inghirami, Wing C. Chan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Biosynthesis of Proparathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone by Human Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Luke L. H. Chu, Ronal R. MacGregor, Paul I. Liu, James W. Hamilton, David V. Cohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Human parathyroid glands obtained at autopsy were incubated with [(3)H]leucine and [(3)H]lysine. After incubation, nonradioactive parathyroid tissue of either human or bovine origin was added. Radioactive parathyroid hormone and proparathyroid hormone were isolated from the gland and medium by organic solvent and salt fractionation, trichloroacetic acid precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography. The human hormonal peptides were identified in the ion-exchange column eluates by their relatively high levels of radioactivity, their elution positions, and their immunoreactivity to anti-PTH antiserum. The time-course of radioactive amino acid incorporation into these peptides and a brief incubation of the gland with radioactive amino acids, followed by various lengths of incubation with nonradioactive amino acids, indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists for the two peptides. An alternate method for isolation of the hormone and prohormone, which involves separation of peptides by urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, confirmed the identities of the human parathyroid hormone and proparathyroid hormone.
Female athlete triad
Authors: Karen Birch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The “female athlete triad” has long been recognised as a syndrome that has the potential to affect female athletes and consists of three inter-related disorders:

The potential impact of each of, and the combination of, these disorders is detrimental to performance and to health. Certainly, the increased risk of infertility, stress fractures, eating disorders, and osteoporosis in later life is a high price to pay for involvement in an essentially healthy activity. This is especially true, as many of these factors can be prevented with careful management.

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The female athlete triad can affect performance and health but can be prevented with good management 

The three corners of the triad are inter-related through psychological and physiological mechanisms. The psychological pressures to perform to an optimal standard, and thus often a perceived requirement to maintain a low body mass, result in a high volume of training. The high volume of training and low energy intake, in addition to stress hormones produced by psychological stress, may lead to a physiological alteration in the endocrinological control of the menstrual cycle, which may ultimately lead to the athlete becoming amenorrhoeic (loss of cycle after menarche). The consequence of being amenorrhoeic through dysfunction of the hypothalamus and pituitary is a decreased production of oestrogen. This hormone has a huge role in maintaining adequate bone mineral density, and a hypo-oestrogenic state (low oestrogen) thus is associated with low bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

The normal regular, healthy menstrual cycle (eumenorrhoea) is about 26-35 days, is controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, and is divided simplistically into two phases by the occurrence mid-cycle of ovulation. The first half of the cycle is the follicular phase and the second half the luteal phase. The follicular phase is characterised by …

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Role of carbohydrate moieties in cross‐reactivity between different components of <i>Parietaria Judaica</i> pollen extract
Authors: N. Mucci, P. Liberatore, R. Federico, F. Forlani, G. Di Felice, C. Afferni, R. Tinghino, F. De Cesare, C. Pini
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Cross‐reactivity between the different components in Parietaria judaica pollen extract has been investigated by polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies before and after chemical deglycosylation obtained by trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (TFMS) treatment of the extract. In western blotting a polyclonal rabbit antiseruni, obtained by injecting purified Par j I, was able to recognise many components of the native extract. However, its reactivity was restricted, after chemical deglycosylation of the extract, to the major allergen alone, indicating that its cross‐reactivity was due to sugar moieties. Moreover, out of several monoclonal antibodies raised by injecting the whole Parietaria judaica extract, one (1A4/2F8) was also able in western blotting to recognise an epitope shared by many components of the extract except the major allergen Par j I. However, in this case the broad reactivity of the antibody was not affected by the deglycosylating procedure. When the reactivity of Parietaria Judaica extract was tested before and after sugar removal, against specific IgE from a pool of patient sera, no differences could be demonstrated, thus indicating that carbohydrates are not strongly involved in the binding of Parietaria judaica‐specific IgE. The results indicate that both proteic and carbohydratic cross‐reactive epitopes are shared by many components of Parietaria judaica pollen extract.
Cyclospora Infection in Adults Infected with HIV: Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Prophylaxis
Authors: Jean William Pape
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of Cyclospora in Haitians infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have diarrhea and to evaluate therapy and prophylaxis. Design: Cohort study. From 1990 to 1993, stool samples were collected from adults seropositive for HIV who had had diarrhea for at least 3 weeks. Setting: A clinic in Haiti. Interventions: Stool samples were examined for enteric protozoa after acid-fast staining. Patients with Cyclospora infection were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160 mg and 800 mg, respectively) given orally four times a day for 10 days. After completion of therapy, patients were evaluated weekly and re-treated if clinical and parasitologic recurrences occurred, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis three times a week. Results: 804 of 2400 patients (33%) seropositive for HIV had a history of chronic or intermittent diarrhea; 502 of these 804 patients (62%) currently had diarrhea, and 450 patients each provided two stool specimens for examination. Enteric protozoa identified included Cryptosporidium (30%), Isospora belli (12%), Cyclospora species (11%), Giardia lamblia (3%), and Entamoeba histolytica (1%). Forty-three patients with diarrhea and Cyclospora infection were studied; their symptoms were indistinguishable from those seen in patients with isosporiasis or cryptosporidiosis. In all patients, diarrhea ceased and results from stool examinations were negative within 2.5 days after beginning oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. Recurrent symptomatic cyclosporiasis developed in 12 of 28 patients (43%) followed for 1 month or more, but it also responded promptly to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. These 12 patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole three times a week as secondary prophylaxis, with only a single recurrence after 7 months. Conclusion: Cyclospora infection is common in Haitian patients with HIV infection, responds to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy, and has a high recurrence rate that can be largely prevented with long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis.
The multiple autoimmune syndromes (MAS)
Authors: P. Humbert, J.L. Dupond
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article The multiple autoimmune syndromes (MAS) Get access P. Humbert, P. Humbert Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, St Jacques et Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Dupond J.L. Dupond Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, St Jacques et Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 3, 1 March 1997, Pages 468–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14972.x Published: 01 March 1997
Care Quality Commission cuts inspections to meet deadlines for registration
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Care Quality Commission halved the number of inspections, or “compliance reviews,” it carried out last winter, while it struggled to meet deadlines for registering providers, says a report from the National Audit Office (NAO).

Between October 2010 and March 2011, the commission completed only 47% of its planned compliance reviews, which aim to ensure hospitals and other providers are delivering safe care, after diverting staff to meet statutory deadlines for registration, according to the public spending watchdog. It concludes that the commission is not yet delivering value for money in regulating the safety and quality of health and social care in England.

The NAO said the commission, created in 2009 from three former regulators, missed deadlines for registering care providers, while its compliance work more than halved in its attempt to meet the deadlines.

Blame for the failure to achieve value for money lies with both …
Rab GTPases-Dependent Endocytic Pathways Regulate Neuronal Migration and Maturation through N-Cadherin Trafficking
Authors: Takeshi Kawauchi, Katsutoshi Sekine, Mima Shikanai, Kaori Chihama, Kenji Tomita, Ken-ichiro Kubo, Kazunori Nakajima, Yo-ichi Nabeshima, Mikio Hoshino
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Isoform distribution and tissue contents of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in hypertrophied smooth muscle from rat portal vein.
Authors: U Malmqvist, A Arner
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Growth of the smooth muscle in the rat portal vein was initiated by an increased transmural pressure. After 7 days, the cross-sectional area of the vessel wall and the maximal active force of the longitudinal muscle layer had increased twofold. Electron microscopy showed that the cell cross-sectional area was increased, suggesting cellular hypertrophy. Increased amounts of intermediate (10 nm) filaments were observed in the hypertrophied cells. The hypertrophied vessels had decreased DNA content per unit wet weight compared with the control vessels (hypertrophied, 1.5 +/- 0.1; control, 1.9 +/- 0.1 micrograms/mg; p less than 0.01). Protein composition was studied with electrophoretic methods. Compared with control preparations the hypertrophied veins had similar myosin and actin contents per unit wet weight (myosin: hypertrophied, 4.4 +/- 0.8; control, 5.9 +/- 0.9; actin: hypertrophied 12.2 +/- 0.6; control, 11.8 +/- 1.0 mg/g). Two different forms of the myosin heavy chain were detected with 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The proportion of the lower molecular weight heavy chain relative to total heavy chain content was about 30% and similar in both preparations. The relation filamin/myosin was increased in the hypertrophied vessels. Pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis revealed two protein bands, with an increase in the slower migrating band in the hypertrophied vessels possibly reflecting an increase in filamin content in the extracts. In the control portal vein alpha-actin is the dominating isoform constituting about 55% of total actin. In hypertrophied vessels, alpha-actin decreased (by 15%) and gamma-actin increased (by 20%). The portal vein contained desmin and vimentin in a ratio of about 6:1. The hypertrophied vessels showed a marked increase in the amount of these proteins (desmin/actin: hypertrophied, 0.32; control, 0.14). In conclusion, during pressure-induced growth of the portal vein, contractile protein contents increase in proportion to the increase in weight. A change in isoforms of actin occurs but no evidence for a change in myosin isoforms was found. The structural proteins increase relative to tissue weight, possibly associated with the increased number of intermediate filaments demonstrated with electron microscopy.
Whole-Body Gallium-67 Scintigraphic Findings in IgG4-Related Disease
Authors: Shirou Ishii, Fumio Shishido, Masayuki Miyajima, Koutarou Sakuma, Takeshi Shigihara, Ken Kikuchi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

To clarify the features of gallium-67 (Ga-67) imaging typical of IgG4-related disease.We retrospectively investigated 14 patients diagnosed with IgG4-related disease who underwent Ga-67 scintigraphy in our hospital between January 2005 and May 2010. Of these, 13 patients who underwent gallium scintigraphy before steroid therapy were enrolled in this study. The patient population comprised 11 men and 2 women with age ranging from 47 to 76 years (mean age, 61.9 years).Among the 13 patients, significant accumulation of Ga-67 was detected in the bilateral pulmonary hila in 10 patients (77%), pancreas in 10 (77%), salivary glands in 7 (54%), lacrimal glands in 7 (54%), periaortic lesions in 2 (15%), and lung parenchyma in 1 (8%) patient. High accumulation of Ga-67 in the salivary glands was observed in the parotid glands in 3 cases and in the submandibular glands in 6 cases, with the following pattern: normal parotid gland uptake and symmetrical submandibular gland uptake in 2 cases; symmetrical high accumulation in both parotid and submandibular glands in 1 case; symmetrical high accumulation in parotid glands and normal submandibular gland uptake in 1 case; symmetrical uptake by parotid glands and asymmetric uptake by submandibular glands in 1 case; normal parotid gland uptake and asymmetric submandibular gland uptake in 1 case; and asymmetric parotid gland uptake and symmetrical parotid gland uptake in 1 case.Characteristic patterns of gallium uptake would be helpful for diagnosis, detection of involved lesions, and differential diagnosis in patients with IgG4-related disease to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Primary high‐grade ocular adnexal lymphoma: Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of a single‐centre series
Authors: Cristina Michaela Precupanu, Patricia Validire, Christine Lévy, Corine Plancher, Anne Vincent‐Salomon, Rémi Dendale, Bernard Asselain, Vincent Servois, Laurence Desjardins, Manuela Zanni, Rafika Sahli, Livia Lumbroso‐le Rouic, Didier Decaudin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The majority of ocular adnexal lymphomas (OAL) occurring in ophthalmologic sites are low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and about 15% of all cases are high-grade. Although numerous reports have already studied the features of low-grade OAL, high-grade OAL have been usually described as part of various published series of OAL without specifically focusing on these histopathologic subtypes of lymphoma. The aim of this study was therefore to retrospectively review a single-centre series of 15 patients with high-grade B-cell OAL treated at the Institut Curie. The main clinical and laboratory features of our selected patients, i.e., median age (66 years), PS greater than 1 (20%), stage IV (53%), bone marrow involvement (17%), more than one extranodal site (27%), and elevated serum LDH (14%), were not significantly different from those of nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), except for a lower proportion of OAL patients with elevated LDH level. Similarly, the prognosis of these patients was not different, with a 5-year overall survival of 54%. When high-grade OAL were compared to a historical series of low-grade OAL, a lower rate of conjunctival involvement was observed, but both types presented a majority of orbital and/or lacrimal gland involvement as well as bilateral ophthalmological tumors. The recommended treatment for high-grade B-cell OAL can be the same as that for nodal CD20-positive NHL, namely a combination of rituximab and CHOP-like regimen.
Vasoinhibins prevent retinal vasopermeability associated with diabetic retinopathy in rats via protein phosphatase 2A–dependent eNOS inactivation
Authors: Celina García, Jorge Aranda, Edith Arnold, Stéphanie Thébault, Yazmín Macotela, Fernando López-Casillas, Valentín Mendoza, Hugo Quiroz-Mercado, Hebert Luis Hernández-Montiel, Sue-Hwa Lin, Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera, Carmen Clapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Increased retinal vasopermeability contributes to diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Despite clinical progress, effective therapy remains a major need. Vasoinhibins, a family of peptides derived from the protein hormone prolactin (and inclusive of the 16-kDa fragment of prolactin), antagonize the proangiogenic effects of VEGF, a primary mediator of retinal vasopermeability. Here, we demonstrate what we believe to be a novel function of vasoinhibins as inhibitors of the increased retinal vasopermeability associated with diabetic retinopathy. Vasoinhibins inhibited VEGF-induced vasopermeability in bovine aortic and rat retinal capillary endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo, vasoinhibins blocked retinal vasopermeability in diabetic rats and in response to intravitreous injection of VEGF or of vitreous from patients with diabetic retinopathy. Inhibition by vasoinhibins was similar to that achieved following immunodepletion of VEGF from human diabetic retinopathy vitreous or blockage of NO synthesis, suggesting that vasoinhibins inhibit VEGF-induced NOS activation. We further showed that vasoinhibins activate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to eNOS dephosphorylation at Ser1179 and, thereby, eNOS inactivation. Moreover, intravitreous injection of okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, blocked the vasoinhibin effect on endothelial cell permeability and retinal vasopermeability. These results suggest that vasoinhibins have the potential to be developed as new therapeutic agents to control the excessive retinal vasopermeability observed in diabetic retinopathy and other vasoproliferative retinopathies.
£10m settlement for children misdiagnosed with epilepsy
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A High Court judge last week approved a unique settlement scheme that is expected to produce a total of around £10m ($18m; €15m) for nearly 500 children wrongly given diagnoses of epilepsy or who were incorrectly treated for the condition.

Mrs Justice Cox said she would “happily give approval” for the innovative process, which will speed up compensation claims for the families of children wrongly treated by the consultant paediatrician Andrew Holton at Leicester Royal Infirmary between 1990 and 2001.

Dr Holton, who worked alone in the role of paediatric neurologist even though he lacked the specialist training, gave a wrong diagnosis in about a third of his cases, …
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Function in Pig Lung after Chronic Pulmonary Artery Obstruction
Authors: ELIE FADEL, GUY-MICHEL MAZMANIAN, BRUNO BAUDET, HÉLÈNE DETRUIT, JEAN-PHILIPPE VERHOYE, JÉROME CRON, SOLY FATTAL, PHILIPPE DARTEVELLE, PHILIPPE HERVE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Because long-term pulmonary artery (PA) obstruction is associated with expansion of the systemic blood supply to the lung, chronic ischemia may not occur, and endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function may be preserved in postobstructive pulmonary arteries. To test this hypothesis, we studied piglets 2 d or 5 wk after left PA ligation or a sham operation. We measured left lung ATP and lactate lung concentrations; calcium-dependent and calcium-independent NOS activities and eNOS protein; and left PA relaxations in response to acetylcholine, calcium ionophore, and sodium nitroprusside. Decreases in ATP and increases in lactate concentrations were significantly attenuated after 5 wk PA occlusion (p < 0.05 versus sham and 2-d ligation). Compared with sham and 2-d PA occlusion, calcium-dependent NOS activity and eNOS protein were lower in the long-term PA occlusion group. Calcium-independent NOS activity was unchanged. Acetylcholine and calcium ionophore relaxations were impaired after 5 wk, whereas only acetylcholine relaxation was impaired after 2-d PA occlusion. Relaxation to sodium nitroprusside remained unchanged. In conclusion, despite relative conservation of lung energy metabolism, prolonged PA occlusion decreased eNOS function and protein in postobstructive pulmonary arteries.
THE FOUNDING OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY, INC
Authors: WALTER FREEMAN, FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH, DAVID A. BOYD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

And now, without continuing financial support, with sponsorship characterized mainly by hopeful good will, beset by the loud lamentations and extremely vocal belittlement of unqualified specialists, the actual work of the Board had begun. With a charter of incorporation from Delaware, membership in the Advisory Board of Medical Specialties and an unswerving dedication of the directors to their new responsibilities, the Board was in business!
Role of the H-2 complex in induction of T helper cells in vivo. II Negative selection of discrete subgroups of T cells restricted by I-A and I-A/E determinants.
Authors: J Sprent, B Alpert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Previous studies have shown that negative selection of T cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRC) after adoptive transfer to irradiated mice requires a sharing of H-2 determinants between the donor T cells and the selection hosts. This paper examines which part of the H-2 complex controls selection. The results show that, in the case of T cells of the H-2k haplotype, complete selection occurs with donor host matching limited to the I-A through I-E subregions of the H-2 complex. Selection to SRC was partial in I-A compatible, I-E incompatible hosts, minimal or not detectable in I-A incompatible, I-E compatible hosts, but near-complete in hosts matched at both the I-A and I-E subregions. Consecutive selection in hosts matched solely at (a) the I-A subregion and (b) the I-E subregion led to incomplete selection. From these and other findings it is argued that H-2k T cells comprise a mixture of T cells restricted by I-A and I-A/E hybrid molecules.