tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
M137 Can Steroid Insensitivity In Copd Patients Be Restored Using Vitamin D?
Authors: D. Mukherjee, D. Parekh, R. Dancer, M. Ungurs, H. Khiroya, A. Turner
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In many chronic diseases vitamin D has been proposed as an adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapy. Vitamin D up-regulates MKP1, thereby downregulating p38 phosphorylation and the NFKB inflammatory cascade (Zhang <i>et al</i>, J Immunol. 2012;188(5):2127–35). Steroids exert anti-inflammatory effects via this cascade, and exhibit synergy with vitamin D for some effects (Yu <i>et al</i>, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1998;90(2):134–41). Patients with COPD have chronic pulmonary inflammation, with upregulation of NFKB, yet do not exhibit a good response to steroids. Vitamin D therapy has been trialled in COPD patients, albeit with disappointing results (Lehouck <i>et al</i>, Annals of internal medicine. 2012;156(2):105–14). We hypothesised that COPD patients’ inflammatory response would differ from health, and that vitamin D would exhibit synergy with steroids <i>in vitro</i> to improve this. <h3>Methods</h3> PBMCs isolated from 10 COPD patients and 10 healthy control subjects were incubated with LPS, vitamin D, dexamethasone, a p38 MAPK inhibitor or combinations of these agents. Supernatants were harvested for TNF and IL6 measurements (ELISA). <h3>Results</h3> LPS caused a marked rise in IL6 in both healthy controls (p = 0.044) and COPD patients (p = 0.008). IL6 reduction with vitamin D was only seen in health. IL6 reduction with addition of dexamethasone was not statistically significant (p = 0.636) in COPD. Combinations of agents failed to produce any additional benefit in both health and COPD. The response to vitamin D was heterogeneous; half of healthy subjects showed an anti-inflammatory response but in COPD only 12.5% of patients exhibited this. The difference in response rate was not significant (p = 0.120, Fishers exact test), though this may be due to low power. Similarly reduced response rate to dexamethasone was seen in COPD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Vitamin D does not enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of steroids. The anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D are no different between COPD and health; variability of response may be one reason for lack of effect of vitamin D in clinical trials to date in COPD patients.
Phthalate Diesters and Their Metabolites in Human Breast Milk, Blood or Serum, and Urine as Biomarkers of Exposure in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Johan Högberg, Annika Hanberg, Marika Berglund, Staffan Skerfving, Mikael Remberger, Antonia M. Calafat, Agneta Falk Filipsson, Bo Jansson, Niklas Johansson, Malin Appelgren, Helen Håkansson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period.This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, blood or serum, and urine and to evaluate their suitability for assessing perinatal exposure to phthalates.In 2001, 2-3 weeks after delivery, 42 Swedish primipara provided breast milk, blood, and urine samples at home. Special care was taken to minimize contamination with phthalates (e.g., use of a special breast milk pump, heat treatment of glassware and needles, addition of phosphoric acid).Phthalate diesters and metabolites in milk and blood or serum, if detected, were present at concentrations close to the limit of detection. By contrast, most phthalate metabolites were detectable in urine at concentrations comparable to those from the general population in the United States and in Germany. No correlations existed between urine concentrations and those found in milk or blood/serum for single phthalate metabolites. Our data are at odds with a previous study documenting frequent detection and comparatively high concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Finnish and Danish mothers' milk.Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine are more informative than those in milk or serum. Furthermore, collection of milk or blood may be associated with discomfort and potential technical problems such as contamination (unless oxidative metabolites are measured). Although urine is a suitable matrix for health-related phthalate monitoring, urinary concentrations in nursing mothers cannot be used to estimate exposure to phthalates through milk ingestion by breast-fed infants.
Cost-Effectiveness of Fracture Prevention in Men Who Receive Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kouta Ito
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases the risk for fractures in patients with prostate cancer. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) before initiating ADT followed by alendronate therapy in men with localized prostate cancer. Design: Markov state-transition model simulating the progression of prostate cancer and the incidence of hip fracture. Data Sources: Published literature. Target Population: A hypothetical cohort of men aged 70 years with locally advanced or high-risk localized prostate cancer starting a 2-year course of ADT after radiation therapy. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: No BMD test or alendronate therapy, a BMD test followed by selective alendronate therapy for patients with osteoporosis, or universal alendronate therapy without a BMD test. Outcome Measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), measured by cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Results of Base-Case Analysis: The ICERs for the strategy of a BMD test and selective alendronate therapy for patients with osteoporosis and universal alendronate therapy without a BMD test were $66 800 per QALY gained and $178 700 per QALY gained, respectively. Results of Sensitivity Analyses: The ICER for universal alendronate therapy without a BMD test decreased to $100 000 per QALY gained, assuming older age, a history of fractures, lower mean BMD before ADT, or a lower cost of alendronate. Limitations: No evidence shows that alendronate reduces actual fracture rates in patients with prostate cancer who receive ADT. The model predicted fracture rates by using data on the surrogate BMD end point. Conclusion: In patients starting adjuvant ADT for locally advanced or high-risk localized prostate cancer, a BMD test followed by selective alendronate for those with osteoporosis is a cost-effective use of resources. Routine use of alendronate without a BMD test is justifiable in patients at higher risk for hip fractures. Primary Funding Source: None.
Medical schools in the United States
Authors: Barbara Barzansky, Sylvia I Etzel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha but not interferon-gamma is the main inducer of inducible protein-10 in skin fibroblasts from patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M.T. Villagomez, S-J. Bae, I. Ogawa, M. Takenaka, I. Katayama
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Tumour necrosis factor‐α but not interferon‐γ is the main inducer of inducible protein‐10 in skin fibroblasts from patients with atopic dermatitis Get access M.T. Villagomez, M.T. Villagomez Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1‐7‐1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8501, Japan M.T.Villagomez. E‐mail: maitevillagomez@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐J. Bae, S‐J. Bae Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1‐7‐1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Ogawa, I. Ogawa Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1‐7‐1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Takenaka, M. Takenaka Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1‐7‐1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Katayama I. Katayama Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1‐7‐1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852–8501, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 5, 1 May 2004, Pages 910–916, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05937.x Published: 01 May 2004 Article history Accepted: 06 November 2003 Published: 01 May 2004
Removal of the Uterine Appendages
Authors: L. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1882)

Human plasma containing the Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen was fractionated by the cold ethanol method of Cohn, Strong, Hughes, Mulford, Ashworth, Melin, and Taylor (1946) and small aliquots were examined for the presence of this antigen by immunodiffusion and by electron microscopy. The findings were in general agreement with the postulated risk of transmitting hepatitis by blood derivatives. The Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen was detected in fibrinogen, thrombin, and antihaemophilic globulin as well as in other fractions. The antigen was not found in gamma globulin (immunoglobulin fraction) nor in albumin. The use of radioiodinated fibrinogen for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is discussed and it is concluded that the use of fibrinogen for diagnostic procedures should be assessed against the possible risk of hepatitis.
Renal Scintigraphic Findings in a Case of Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: KEVIN F. MYERLY, PETER T. KIRCHNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Renal vein thrombosis is a rare complication of renal transplantation. The scintigraphic features of a documented case of renal vein thrombosis studied with Tc-99m DTPA and the differential diagnosis relevant to these findings are discussed.
Characterization of adhesive interactions between human endothelial cells and megakaryocytes.
Authors: H Avraham, S Cowley, S Y Chi, S Jiang, J E Groopman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Cell-cell adhesion is essential for many immunological functions and is believed to be important in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Adhesive interactions between human endothelial cells and megakaryocytes were characterized in vitro using the CMK megakaryocytic cell line as well as marrow megakaryocytes. Although there was no adhesion between unactivated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and megakaryocytes, treatment of HUVEC with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, INF-gamma, or the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in adhesion. Stimulation of marrow megakaryocytes or CMK cells with the cytokines IL-1 beta, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-3, or PMA augmented their adhesion to endothelium. Monoclonal antibodies against the LFA-1 subunit of the leukocyte adherence complex CD18 inhibited the binding of marrow megakaryocytes or CMK cells to HUVEC. Adhesion blocking experiments also demonstrated that the VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathway was important for megakaryocyte attachment to HUVEC. Adhesion promoted maturation of megakaryocytic cells as measured by increased expression of glycoproteins GpIb and GpIIb/IIIa and by increased DNA content. These observations suggest that alterations in megakaryocyte adhesion may occur during inflammatory conditions, mediated by certain cytokines, resulting in augmented megakaryocyte maturation.
ADH1, 2 and3: genes whose times have come
Authors: David W. Crabb
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The human class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family consists of ADH1, ADH2 , and ADH3 , which are sequentially activated in early fetal, late fetal, and postnatal liver, respectively. Analysis of ADH promoters revealed differential activation by several factors previously shown to control liver transcription. In cotransfection assays, the ADH1 promoter, but not the ADH2 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF–1), which has previously been shown to regulate transcription in early liver development. The ADH2 promoter, but not the ADH1 or ADH3 promoter, was shown to respond to CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein α (C/EBPα), a transcription factor particularly active during late fetal liver and early postnatal liver development. The ADH1, ADH2 , and ADH3 promoters all responded to the liver transcription factors liver activator protein (LAP) and D–element–binding protein (DBP), which are most active in postnatal liver. For all three promoters, the activation by LAP or DBP was higher than that seen by HNF–1 or C/EBPα, and a significant synergism between C/EBPα and LAP was noticed for the ADH2 and ADH3 promoters when both factors were simultaneously cotransfected. A hierarchy of ADH promoter responsiveness to C/EBPα and LAP homo– and heterodimers is suggested. In all three ADH genes, LAP bound to the same four sites previously reported for C/EBPα (i.e., —160, — 120, — 40, and — 20 bp), but DBP bound strongly only to the site located at —40 bp relative to the transcriptional start. Mutational analysis of ADH2 indicated that the —40 bp element accounts for most of the promoter regulation by the bZIP factors analyzed. These studies suggest that HNF–1 and C/EBPα help establish ADH gene family transcription in fetal liver and that LAP and DBP help maintain high–level ADH gene family transcription in postnatal liver.
Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Richard S. Schwalbe, Jack T. Stapleton, Peter H. Gilligan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

COAGULASE-negative staphylococci have been11 increasilgly recognized as causative agents in sevel l types of infection, including nosocomial bacteremia and infection of indwelling devices, such as prosthetic hea t valv1 , 2 2 a d neurosurgical and arteriovenous shunt3 , 4 4 Coagulase-negative staphylococci are also the most common agents responsible for peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysi5 6 7 8 9 10 Until recentl, beta-lactamase-stable penicillins we e regarded as t e treatmen s f choi e f r staphylococcal infections. Unfortunately, 35 t66 6 percent of clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates are currently resista t o methicilli11 12 13 14 15c As a result, vancomycin has beco e the . . .
Interferon alpha (IFNα)-induced TRIM22 interrupts HCV replication by ubiquitinating NS5A
Authors: Chen Yang, Xinhao Zhao, Dakang Sun, Leilei Yang, Chang Chong, Yu Pan, Xiumei Chi, Yanhang Gao, Moli Wang, Xiaodong Shi, Haibo Sun, Juan Lv, Yuanda Gao, Jin Zhong, Junqi Niu, Bing Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Malignant Hyperpyrexia With Anesthesia
Authors: Roy D. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Idiopathic explosive malignant hyperthermia, which occurs after anesthesia is given, is a syndrome of increasing prevalence. It is a separate entity from the "postoperative heatstroke" reported in days prior to temperature and humidity control of operating rooms. Reviews of 40 cases from the literature and the authors' own experience reveal a 73% mortality in an otherwise healthy and young ([unk] 21 years) age group. The only reasonable explanation of the etiology appears to be an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment even with early diagnosis is difficult.
Sigmoidoscopy: Blaming the Tools
Authors: Daniel M. Kruss
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In their letter, Cohen and colleagues 1 comment on the letter by Taylor et al 2 and on the possibility of missing rectal lesions when using a flexible sigmoidoscope as compared with a rigid proctosigmoidoscope.  I am concerned lest this discussion imply that the instruments are a key issue. No mention is made of the essential fact that examiners must retroflex the instrument tip in the rectum during all sigmoidoscopic examinations or they will miss lesions of the rectal ampulla. We teach this to our trainees early in their colonoscopy experience. This maneuver is identical to that performed in the stomach to evaluate the cardia completely and in the duodenum to avoid missing an ulcer just inside the pylorus.  It is essential that the physician not confuse the use of a new technology with the proper application of that technology.
Managing impotence in diabetes. Psychological factors remain important.
Authors: P Booton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

education for general practitioners was also provided.People concerned about possible lesions were encouraged to consult their general practitioner, who could refer those with suspect lesions direct to a pigmented lesion clinic, avoiding the waiting list for appointments to dermatology clinics.The effect of these campaigns on incidence by stage and on mortality are still being evaluated; preliminary results from western Scotland indicate some possible benefit to women but not yet to men.2The Cancer Research Campaign's study found that the impact of the campaign on general prac- titioners' workload was acceptable.Although dermatology and pathology services experienced an increased workload, the system of referral by general practitioners produced a reasonable ratio of melanoma to non-melanoma of 1:50 referrals.'By contrast, Evans found only two melanomas among 16 752 people.'Changing awareness about melanoma has been assessed in association with the Cancer Research Campaign's study.In 1987 a survey of a random sample of 746 people showed that 20% were aware that melanoma was skin cancer.4By 1992 this proportion had increased to 45%, in a national sample of 5247 people interviewed in the omnibus survey of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.Least aware were men, people under 25, elderly people, those living alone, and people in poorer socioeconomic groups.Thus there is scope to improve awareness about melanoma, but target- ing the beach alone is insufficient, particularly for reaching the older men who are most at risk of progressive melanoma.Evans's approach may be most useful in the primary prevention of skin cancer.In the omnibus survey we found that over 90% of people were aware of sun protection measures for children, yet Paul Jarrett and colleagues have reported a fairly high prevalence of sunburn in children.' Providing advice near places where protective clothing, sun protection cream, and shade devices are sold at beaches and other recreation sites may help to make preventive behaviour more common.
Identification of a region in glycoprotein IIIa involved in subunit association with glycoprotein IIb: further lessons from Iraqi-Jewish Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Rivka Yatuv, Nurit Rosenberg, Ariella Zivelin, Hava Peretz, Rima Dardik, Luba Trakhtenbrot, Uri Seligsohn
Journal: Blood (2001)
Changing the Narrative for Early Childhood Investment
Authors: Jack P. Shonkoff
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Book: When She Was Bad: How Women Get Away with Murder
Authors: R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Patricia Pearson Virago Press, £9.99, pp304 ISBN 1 860494889 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> North American data show that between the 1960s and 1990s arrests of women for aggravated assault trebled, arrests for robbery quadrupled, and the homicide rate increased by a third. Arrests of women for violent crime grew at more than twice the rate of those for men. With figures like these, Patricia Pearson attempts to challenge the prevailing belief that female violence is such an extreme departure from the feminine traits of gentleness and compassion that mental illness must be invoked to explain it. Until recently, only 8% … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
UK agency reports slight increase in radiation exposure
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The average annual exposure to radiation among the British public has risen slightly, according to the Health Protection Agency. Most of the increase is due to the greater number of people undergoing radiography and the increased use of computed tomography (CT) scanners, which carry higher levels or radiation than conventional radiography, it says.

Although the national average levels of radiation exposure increased only very slightly from 2002 to 2003—from 2.6 mSv to just under 2.7 mSv—radiation from medical interventions had increased by 10%, from 0.37 mSv to 0.41 mSv.

“This is due to increases in the frequency of x rays carried out and to CT scans,” said Stewart Hughes, principal scientist of …