tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Health Effects of Heptachlor-Reply
Authors: Paul Stehr-Green
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The main purpose of our investigation of exposure to dairy products contaminated with the mammalian metabolites of the pesticide heptachlor (primarily heptachlor epoxide [HE] and oxychlordane [OC]) was to assess the potential extent and magnitude of exposure and resulting acute/subacute effects on liver function. Although effects in other organ systems (eg, neurological or immune) might have been considered, the liver has previously been identified as a primary target organ in cases of chronic, long-term exposure to heptachlor in several different species, including rats, dogs, and pigs.<sup>1</sup>Since consumption of the contaminated dairy products (and, therefore, exposure to HE and OC) reportedly continued up to the time of our investigation, we thought that concurrent measurement of serum pesticide residues and liver enzymes would provide sufficient information from which inferences on health risks could reasonably be drawn. Drs Frumkin and Chute correctly point out that these tests may be
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Mild Heart Failure
Authors: Carl R. Reynolds, Michael R. Gold
Journal: Circulation (2011)

C urrent guidelines recommend cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), previously known as biventricular pacing, in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction [EF] Յ35%), QRS prolongation (Ն120 ms), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV heart failure (HF). 1 These recommendations come after multiple prospective, randomized trials demonstrated the benefits of CRT in advanced HF that included Ͼ6000 subjects.These initial trials targeted secondary prevention in the highest-risk cohorts, which was similar to the development of many other cardiovascular therapies.Such examples include implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy initially used only for cardiac arrest survivors or lipidlowering therapy restricted to use after myocardial infarction.Today a majority of patients receive these therapies as primary prevention.Thus, it is logical and not surprising that a therapy as successful as CRT would be evaluated in subjects with mild HF.][4][5] Taken together, these trials randomized 2430 subjects with NYHA class I or II HF to CRT or to no CRT.The results show beneficial effects of CRT very similar to those observed for severe HF cohorts.Specifically, this therapy improves functional status, reduces HF hospitalizations, and promotes reverse remodeling.The results from REVERSE and MADIT-CRT provide strong, new support to expand the use of CRT to all patients with HF and a wide QRS.
Palestine: the assault on health and other war crimes: Only way forward is to open up a dialogue
Authors: Liz Lightstone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The personal view by Summerfield is a political diatribe that deserves no place in the BMJ or any other medical journal purporting to present facts, not fiction.1

Summerfield queries the right of Yoram Blachar, chairman of the Israel Medical Organisation, to be chair of the World Medical Association. He omits to mention that Blachar regularly challenges Israel's defence force on access to medical care.2 I would be more than happy to see …
A cost effectiveness analysis within a randomised controlled trial of post-acute care of older people in a community hospital
Authors: Jacqueline O'Reilly, Karin Lowson, John Young, Anne Forster, John Green, Neil Small
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the cost effectiveness of post-acute care for older people in a locality based community hospital compared with a department for care of elderly people in a district general hospital, which admits patients aged over 76 years with acute medical conditions. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis within a randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Community hospital and district general hospital in Yorkshire, England. <b>Participants</b> 220 patients needing rehabilitation after an acute illness for which they required admission to hospital. <b>Interventions</b> Multidisciplinary care in the district general hospital or prompt transfer to the community hospital. <b>Main outcome measures</b> EuroQol EQ-5D scores transformed into quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and health and social service costs over six months from randomisation. <b>Results</b> The mean QALY score for the community hospital group was marginally non-significantly higher than that for the district general hospital group (0.38 <i>v</i> 0.35) at six months after recruitment. The mean (standard deviation) costs per patient of the health and social services resources used were similar for both groups: community hospital group £7233 (euros 10 567; $13 341) (£5031), district general hospital group £7351 (£6229), and these findings were robust to several sensitivity analyses. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for community hospital care dominated. A cost effectiveness acceptability curve, based on bootstrapped simulations, suggests that at a willingness to pay threshold of £10 000 per QALY, 51% of community hospital cases will be cost effective, which rises to 53% of cases when the threshold is £30 000 per QALY. <b>Conclusion</b> Post-acute care for older people in a locality based community hospital is of similar cost effectiveness to that of an elderly care department in a district general hospital.
Make love, not war: Both serve to defuse stress-induced arousal through the dopaminergic “pleasure” network
Authors: Mary F. Dallman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Nell restricts cruelty to hominids, although good evidence suggests that secondary aggression in rodents and particularly primates may be considered cruel. A considerable literature shows that glucocorticoid secretion stimulated by stress facilitates learning, memory, arousal, and aggressive behavior. Either secondary aggression (to a conspecific) or increased affiliative behavior reduces stressor-induced activity, suggesting the reward system can be satisfied by other behaviors than cruelty.
Children with Viral Respiratory Infections in the First Year of Life and Food Allergy at Age 5 Years
Authors: E.L. Anderson, K.S. Dillie, M.D. Evans, K.A. Roberg, L.E.P. Salazar, D.F. DaSilva, T.E. Pappas, C.J. Tisler, R. Gangnon, C. Ober, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Duration of Triple Therapy in Patients Requiring Oral Anticoagulation After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Katrin A. Fiedler, Michael Maeng, Julinda Mehilli, Stefanie Schulz-Schüpke, Robert A. Byrne, Dirk Sibbing, Petra Hoppmann, Simon Schneider, Massimiliano Fusaro, Ilka Ott, Steen D. Kristensen, Tareq Ibrahim, Steffen Massberg, Heribert Schunkert, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Adnan Kastrati, Nikolaus Sarafoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Giant Stone in the Common Bile Duct
Authors: A. Okano, H. Takakuwa, A. Nishio
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 1The endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram demonstrated an oval filling defect, 8 x 5 cm in size, in the dilated common bile duct, as well as the dilated cystic duct. The intrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder were not visualized.
MEDICAL TOURISTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: R. C. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am writing on behalf of the London Hospital Medical Society, to inquire whether you could furnish the names of any American physicians who might be touring the United Kingdom this year. We would like to be able to invite some of them to come and speak to us at the London Hospital. In the past we have very much enjoyed the visits of our American colleagues, and we would like to hear more from them this year if possible.
INFLUENCE OF INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF WARM STERILE NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION IN INTRAPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE.
Authors: MARK JAMPOLIS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

long-standing inflammation in the appendix may permit sufficient infection of the portal blood to cause bile- passage inflammation.Chronic Appendicitis the Cause of Gallstones.-The frequency of the coexistence of chronic appendicitis and gallstones in itself suggests the possibility of a relation- ship between them.But if chronic appendicitis can cause gallstones, why do some patients who have chronic appendicitis have no gallstones?The power of the liver to destroy bacteria (Welch) would seem to offer the ex- planation.If the bacteria from an appendicitis brought to the liver by the portal blood were destroyed by the liver, no bile-passage infection would occur from this source; but if the liver, owing to its inefficiency, or on account of the number and virulence of the bacteria
Interventional and Surgical Modalities of Treatment in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Anne M. Keogh, Eckhard Mayer, Raymond L. Benza, Paul Corris, Philippe G. Dartevelle, Adaani E. Frost, Nick H. Kim, Irene M. Lang, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Julio Sandoval
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Stereotaxic Amygdalotomy for Epilepsy With Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Robert F. Heimburger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Stereotaxic amygdalotomy was used to treat 25 patients for behavioral abnormalities, epilepsy, and depression between Aug 28, 1963, and July 27, 1965. Behavioral abnormalities were eliminated in seven of 20 patients and markedly improved in nine others. Convulsions were eliminated in four of 21 patients and improved in 12. Stereotaxic amygdalotomy produced overall improvement in 23 of 25 patients. Two of 12 patients committed to mental institutions have been released. Five of eight patients whose commitment to mental institutions was impending have improved after amygdalotomy so that institutionalization is no longer considered. Depression was not permanently improved in the two parkinsonian patients undergoing amygdalotomy. Stereotaxic amygdalotomy is a safe and relatively easy procedure for treatment of a select group of patients who have previously been considered untreatable.
Dangers of Dicoumarol
Authors: S. M. Rivlin
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Neurons in layer VI of visual cortex represent one of the largest sources of nonretinal input to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and play a major role in modulating the gain of thalamic signal transmission. However, little is known about how and when these descending projections arrive and make functional connections with dLGN cells. Here we used a transgenic mouse to visualize corticogeniculate projections to examine the timing of cortical innervation in dLGN. Corticogeniculate innervation occurred at postnatal ages and was delayed compared with the arrival of retinal afferents. Cortical fibers began to enter dLGN at postnatal day 3 (P3) to P4, a time when retinogeniculate innervation is complete. However, cortical projections did not fully innervate dLGN until eye opening (P12), well after the time when retinal inputs from the two eyes segregate to form nonoverlapping eye-specific domains. <i>In vitro</i> thalamic slice recordings revealed that newly arriving cortical axons form functional connections with dLGN cells. However, adult-like responses that exhibited paired pulse facilitation did not fully emerge until 2 weeks of age. Finally, surgical or genetic elimination of retinal input greatly accelerated the rate of corticogeniculate innervation, with axons invading between P2 and P3 and fully innervating dLGN by P8 to P10. However, recordings in genetically deafferented mice showed that corticogeniculate synapses continued to mature at the same rate as controls. These studies suggest that retinal and cortical innervation of dLGN is highly coordinated and that input from retina plays an important role in regulating the rate of corticogeniculate innervation.
Hardware Failure
Authors: Dennis Vriens, Anne I. J. Arens, Jacky W. J. de Rooy, Bart (H.) W. B. Schreuder, Paul P. T. Brons, Martin Gotthardt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 14-year-old boy was treated for nonmetastasized femoral Ewing sarcoma with inductive and consolidation chemotherapy with surgical resection of the diaphysis and with interposition of an allograft. During follow-up, a remarkable increase in osteoblastic activity in the distal osteotomy plane was observed on Tc-99m disodium hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) scintigraphy 29 months after surgery that was highly suspicious of recurrence. Revision of radiographs showed delayed consolidation, induced by failure of hardware as the cause of increased tracer uptake. This was confirmed 6 months later by scintigraphy. It is concluded that bone scintigrams should be interpreted with available conventional x-rays to avoid false-positive results.
NATIONAL ADJUSTING ASSOCIATION
Authors: C. F. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the fall of 1928, a representative of the National Adjusting Association, 208 West Washington Street, Chicago, called on me, and by the most unscrupulous canvass ever inflicted on me induced me to give him a list of slow accounts amounting to $6,000. I was to have monthly reports and checks with each. To my surprise, they got money from most unexpected sources—but the last check I received was May 9, 1929. I have persistently demanded an accounting from time to time, since, without effect. They dodge the issue by some demand or proposal which is necessary before they can act, and so they dangle along, evading a report. I have written the Department of Law Enforcement in Boise to see if these people are legally qualified since 1928 to operate in this state, and I believe it would be well to give this matter a little
Bilateral Femoral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. C. B. Sledge: A 49-year-old physician was brought to an outlying hospital by police 10 min after he was involved in an automobile accident. Initial examination revealed a semiconscious patient whose blood pressure was 132/80 mm Hg. His pulse rate was 100 beats per min, and his respiration rate was 22 per min. There was no evidence of gross external bleeding, respiratory obstruction, or localizing neurological signs.  The patient's left thigh was deformed with an obvious fracture. The proximal left femoral shaft was visible, having pierced the skin, trousers, and overcoat. There was a closed fracture of the right femur and a deformity of the right knee. The right foot was contused and swollen with deformity of the medial four metatarsophalangeal joints. The right anterior chest was bruised and there was palpable crepitus in the region of the second to sixth ribs. Paradoxical motion was noted, but there was
Steroid aerosols and cataract formation.
Authors: A. K. Karim, G. M. Thompson, T. J. Jacob
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The process of determining population needs is also in a primitive form and must be encouraged to evolve.The first contracts will of necessity be based on "met demand" as a proxy for "need."The more refined definition of need, based on epidemiological principles, will evolve over time.Survival of the fittest seems to be a fundamental principle of the white paper's philosophy.The competition should, however, be between provider units and not between providers and commission- ing authorities; if commissioning authorities are vested with real powers in making informed choices and monitoring performance then there are real opportunities for incorporating measures of clinical effectiveness within the contract framework outlined in the white paper.
Doyle on Tabes Dorsalis-Reply
Authors: Jack D. Key
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  We are appreciative of Dr Sugar's kind comments about our article. In an attempt to provide an orientation for Doyle's thesis in the context of the present era, as well as his own time, we accepted the descriptions provided in the two references cited, as well as several current articles. We are certainly grateful for the corrections detailed by Dr Sugar, who is a specialist in neurosurgery. It appears that our oversight was in not obtaining an expert opinion on the most current and reliable sources of information on neurology and tabes dorsalis.
RESISTANCE TO A TUMOR-PRODUCING AGENT AS DISTINCT FROM RESISTANCE TO THE IMPLANTED TUMOR CELLS
Authors: Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

Ultraviolet light rapidly kills the cells of a transplantable sarcoma of the fowl without notably injuring the etiological agent associated therewith. The Roentgen ray has little effect on either cells or agent. Fowls manifest two sorts of resistance to the avian tumor, one directed against the implanted tumor cells as such, the other against the action of the etiological agent to cause a neoplastic change. In the individual fowl the two resistances appear to be independent of one another, though they may exist together or may both be absent. A recognition of them will perhaps explain some features in the biology of other tumors.
Time to change psychiatry's frame of reference for risk?
Authors: A. Bartlett
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The recent debate on risk emphasis in psychiatry covered only individual practitioners’ risk assessments in individual patients, notably in relation to rare but important events—suicide and homicide.1 2

Politicians and the media have rightly ensured that uncommon extreme events are closely scrutinised. Psychiatry has not otherwise benchmarked its decision making. Clinicians seldom peer review consensus or differences regarding routine risk management, almost none …
Dr. Nathan Smith (1762–1829) — American Pioneer
Authors: Oliver S. Hayward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

MANY physicians know of the Boston Medical Library's valuable supply of modern texts and journals. Not so many know of the extensive files of physicians' portraits or the collections of medals and manuscript letters that hold many useful lessons from the past. The story of Nathan Smith is one of the conquest of prejudice and ignorance — of one man's struggle to bring modern medical concepts to a world of hidebound superstition.Nathan Smith, country doctor, famous surgeon, backwoods wit, educator of four thousand doctors, builder of four medical schools, politician, friend of the famous and friend of the poor, . . .
A clinical study of the EMI scanner: implications for provision of neuroradiological services.
Authors: J R Bartlett, G Neil-Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The records of the first 571 patients to be examined with an EMI brain scanner were assessed. The patients were divided into diagnostic categories according to their clinical presentation. The intracranial investigations that would have been performed had the scanner not been available were compared with the investigations that were actually performed. As expected, the number of contrast investigations fell, but the reduction surpassed expectation. If the full clinical impact of the scanner is to be realised the patient9s illness must be defined in detail and strict attention paid to radiographic detail. By reducing the number of special contrast investigations use of the scanner enables existing contrast facilities to serve a wider population; and use of the brain scanner in district general hospitals would improve the service to patients, especially those with head injuries.
α-Galactosylceramide as a Therapeutic Agent for Pulmonary<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Infection
Authors: Isabel Sada-Ovalle, Markus Sköld, Tian Tian, Gurdyal S. Besra, Samuel M. Behar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Recent studies have shown that iNKT cells can protect mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We sought to determine whether pharmacological activation of iNKT cells by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) could be used to treat tuberculosis (TB).We hypothesized that α-GalCer, either alone or in combination with isoniazid, could be used to treat pulmonary TB.The ability of α-GalCer-activated iNKT cells to suppress Mtb replication was evaluated using an in vitro coculture system. To test its potency in vivo, mice infected with virulent Mtb were treated with α-GalCer alone or in combination with isoniazid.Quantitative colony-forming unit counts were compared for both experimental systems. Our results show that α-GalCer plus isoniazid controls bacterial growth better than α-GalCer or INH alone, and single or multiple α-GalCer administrations prolong the survival of the mice infected via the aerosol route.Our results demonstrate that α-GalCer administration can improve the outcome of Mtb infection, even when transmitted by the aerosol route. However, a combination of isoniazid and α-GalCer treatment has a synergistic effect on infection control. We conclude that more efficient treatment of TB will be achieved through a combination of classic chemotherapy and modulation of the host immune response.
Anxiety and Tension Control: A Physiologic Approach
Authors: Martin Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Perhaps the most reliable indicator of the still nascent state of psychiatry is the plethora of proposals for the treatment of mental illness: everything from psychoanalysis to homeopathy. Here we have another proposal: neuromuscular relaxation technique or, in the author's new terminology, "self-operations control." Jacobson sees the human organism through behavioristic glasses: "mental operations, including imagination, recall and all forms of emotion depend on specific operations of the skeletal (and other) musculature." In order to control nervous disorders one must learn to regulate one's neuromuscular operations in a manner analogous to the control by a driver of the operations of his auto. The "physiologic psychiatrist" teaches his patient how to do this. The author offers a number of cases in order to show the success of his method, including cure of a patient unsuccessfully treated by psychoanalysis. The volume contains numerous drawings showing how the relaxation techniques are properly performed.
Activation of PI3-Kinase Is Required for AMPA Receptor Insertion during LTP of mEPSCs in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Heng-Ye Man, Qinhua Wang, Wei-Yang Lu, William Ju, Gholamreza Ahmadian, Lidong Liu, Sandra D'Souza, T.P Wong, C Taghibiglou, Jie Lu, Larry E Becker, Lin Pei, Fang Liu, Matthias P Wymann, John F MacDonald, Yu Tian Wang
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Blood leucocytes during exercise in tuberculous patients after gastrectomy.
Authors: A Hanngren, T Strandell
Journal: Thorax (1969)

JOHN WRIGHT This has been evolved with a modified pulse duplicator and the use of a hot film probe for measuring velocity, direction, and turbulence.Many of the commercially available mitral valve prostheses are being investigated for their flow characteristics.In addition, efficiency is being examined and some unusual findings point to the possibility of a hydraulic ram effect in the normal mitral valve that allows opening to commence before the end of ventricular systole.TRIAL OF A NEW ANTI-MYXOVIRUS COMPOUND J. E. STARK Two hundred and sixty-four male students
NMA Seeks Prescription to End Violence
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE EPIDEMIC of violence in the United States was the subject of a plenary session at the 98th annual convention and scientific assembly of the National Medical Association (NMA), held in San Antonio, Tex. The panel of health care and other experts was brought together to provide the association's members with a clearer understanding of the dynamics of violence and the steps they can take to check the epidemic in their communities. One panelist, however, was a political scientist who argued against treating violence as a public health problem because it would distract black communities from dealing with what he says are the real causes of violence, racism, and poverty. Entitled "Violence Reduction in the African-American Community: A Prescription for Action," the plenary session was sponsored by the NMA, the Washington, DC—based professional organization whose members are mainly black physicians, in conjunction with the US Department of Health and Human