tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matthew Walter John Boyd
Authors: S. D. Nelson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Preschool children have a high risk of poisoning. While medicines prescribed by primary care are potential poisoning agents, the risk factors for poisoning from medication are not well described. <h3>Aim</h3> To identify risk factors for medicinal and non-medicinal poisoning in preschool children. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Population-based nested case-control study using The Health Improvement Network primary care database 1988–2004. <h3>Method</h3> Conditional logistic regression was used to identify child, maternal, and social risk factors for medicinal (1316 cases) and non-medicinal poisoning (503 cases), using 17 709 controls matched on general practice. <h3>Results</h3> Poisoning by medicines was independently associated with deprivation (test for trend <i>P</i>&lt;0.001), maternal age (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001), birth order (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001), maternal alcohol misuse (odds ratio [OR] = 5.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.99 to 14.91), and perinatal depression (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.88). Living in a household with two or more adults lowered the odds of injury compared to single-parent households (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.74 to 0.96) and the odds varied by age, being highest in 2 year olds (OR = 9.61, 95% CI = 7.73 to 11.95). Non-medicinal poisoning was associated with deprivation (<i>P</i> = 0.001), maternal age (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001), and birth order (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). The odds were raised in 1 year olds (OR = 5.44, 95% CI = 4.07 to 7.26) and 2 year olds (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.73 to 6.90) compared to those aged &lt;1 year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Primary care data can be used to target interventions to children at risk of poisoning. This is pertinent when prescribing for children/family members, as prescribed medications may become poisoning agents. Prompt identification of maternal depression and alcohol misuse, and delivery of poisoning-prevention interventions at this stage may help prevent poisonings.
Oxidants/antioxidants in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: W MacNee, I Rahman
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by an increased oxidant burden and by a deficiency of glutathione, a major antioxidant, in the lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF).Therefore, a rational therapeutic approach is to reverse the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in the lung by enhancing the antioxidant screen.With this background, the aim of our study was to evaluate oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a strategy to augment lung glutathione levels in patients with IPF Concentrations of total glutathione in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were quantified spectrophotometrically, before and following oral therapy with 3 x 600 mg NAC per day for 5 days, in 17 nonsmoking patients with biopsy-proven IPF The volume of ELF recovered by BAL was determined using the urea method.Pretherapy, total glutathione levels in ELF in IPF patients were significantly less than normal (187+36 vs 368+60 1y/), in contrast to levels in BALF (0.99+0-12 vs 1.18+ 19,uM).Following therapy with oral NAC, glutathione levels in BALF were 1.54 + 0.24 jiM (a significant increase compared to pretherapy), whereas the increase in ELF levels (319+ 92,M) did not reach significance.The therapy was well-tolerated, and all routine clinical and bronchoscopic parameters remained unchanged.It is thus feasible and safe to augment deficient lung glutathione levels in patients with IPF; thereby,
On the shoulders of giants
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

When Iain Chalmers identified a clear case of plagiarism in a research article he was planning to include in a systematic review he expected some action from those involved. He was to be disappointed. The journal that published the article and the author's university both urged cautious handling to avoid damaging a distinguished researcher's reputation. Fifteen years later Chalmers writes in this week's BMJ that he regrets acquiescing in this low key approach (p 594). The author, Asim Kurjak, was subsequently found to have committed a further act of plagiarism. In the continued absence of action from Kurjak's …
Impaired Physicians, Professional Psychotherapy, and Alcoholics Anonymous-Reply
Authors: Roland E. Herrington
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Dr David — finds our program for impaired physicians to be encouraging but disappointing and accuses us of perpetuating dangerous ideas. We feel no need to defend our program—the record speaks for itself—but we do welcome an opportunity to clarify our position.  At several points in our article, we made it clear that participation in  and/or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is an integral part of our inpatient phase of treatment and that continuing  or NA participation is strongly encouraged, including attendance at local meetings in  community and weekly sessions of Milwaukee Doctors in AA during outpatient treatment. Moreover, we acknowledge that the most important (aspect of  extended treatment period)... is AA, NA, or both, whose role in  development and maintenance of long-term sobriety should not be minimized. Clearly, then, we and Dr David — are in agreement on his points 1 and 2. Moreover,
Abstract P3-15-04: A French prospective pilot study to identify dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency in breast cancer patients receiving capecitabine
Authors: G Milano, J-M Ferrero, F Thomas, C Bobin-Dubigeon, J-L Merlin, F Pinguet, C Ferrand, J-C Boyer, G Romieu, T Bachelot, X Pivot, V Dieras, R Largillier, M Mousseau, A Goncalves, H Roche, J Bonneterre, B De Clercq, M-C Etienne-Grimaldi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Health Authorities point out that DPD deficiency confers a significant risk of major toxicity for patients receiving capecitabine. Identification of at-risk patients is thus of major concern. This multicentric prospective study of the French GPCO group (Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique Oncologique, Unicancer) evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of DPD phenotyping and genotyping to predict severe cap-related toxixity in metastatic breast cancer patients. Methods: 303 patients were included between February 2009 and February 2011 (15 institutions). Eighty-eight% received capecitabine as monotherapy, 28% were treated as first line (mean dose at 1st cycle 1957 mg/m2/d). Pre-treatment uracil (U, physiological DPD substrate) plasma concentration was measured in 286 patients (HPLC assay). DPD genotyping (IVS14+1G&amp;gt;A, 2846A&amp;gt;T, 1679T&amp;gt;G, 464T&amp;gt;A) was performed on 281 patients. Severe toxicity (G3-4 CTCAE v3 criteria) was measured over cycles 1-2. Results: Grade 3-4 toxicity (diarrhea, vomiting, hematoxicity, hand-foot syndrome) has been observed in 19.6% of patients (one toxic death). A marked trend for higher U concentrations has been noted in patients developing severe toxicity vs those who didn't (median 12.7 ng/ml (Q1-Q3 9-17) vs median 10.2 ng/ml (range 8-13), respectively, p = 0.014). However, ROC curve has showed that this difference was too small for use as a reliable toxicity predictor. The patient with toxic death had an elevated U concentration at 17 ng/ml. Among the 7 patients with a DPD mutation (3 pts IVS14+1, 3 pts 2846A&amp;gt;T, one 1679T&amp;gt;G, all heterozygous), 5 developed severe toxicity (including the toxic death, 2846A&amp;gt;T), one did not, and the last one was not documented. Relative risk for developing severe toxicity was 4.60 in mutated patients vs wild-type patients (95%CI 2.95-7.16, p = 0.001); positive and negative predictive values were 83.3% and 81.9%, respectively; specificity was 99.5% and sensitivity was 9.8%. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients harbouring a DPD variant allele are at risk to develop severe, up to lethal, capecitabine-related toxicity. Pre-treatment U measurement remains to be more firmly established as a reliable predictor of capecitabine toxicity. These observations are of major interest for breast cancer patients candidate for capecitabine therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-15-04.
Differential Effects of Acute and Extended Infusions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on First- and Second-Phase Insulin Secretion in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Humans
Authors: Shaista Quddusi, Torsten P. Vahl, Kevin Hanson, Ronald L. Prigeon, David A. D’Alessio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether an extended infusion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has a greater effect to promote insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic subjects than acute administration of the peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Nine diabetic subjects and nine nondiabetic volunteers of similar age and weight were studied in identical protocols. First-phase insulin release (FPIR; the incremental insulin response in the first 10 min after the intravenous glucose bolus) and second-phase insulin release (SPIR; the incremental insulin response from 10–60 min after intravenous glucose) were measured during three separate intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs): 1) without GLP-1 (control); 2) with acute administration of GLP-1 as a square wave starting just before glucose administration; and 3) with an extended infusion of GLP-1 for 3 h before and during the IVGTT. RESULTS—In the subjects with diabetes, FPIR was severely impaired—a defect that was only modestly improved by acute administration of GLP-1 (197 ± 97 vs. 539 ± 218 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.05), while SPIR was substantially increased (1,952 ± 512 vs. 8,072 ± 1,664 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, the 3-h preinfusion of GLP-1 normalized fasting hyperglycemia (7.9 ± 0.5 vs. 5.2 ± 0.6, P &amp;lt; 0.05), increased FPIR by 5- to 6-fold (197 ± 97 vs. 1,141 ± 409 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and augmented SPIR significantly (1,952 ± 512 vs. 4,026 ± 851 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.05), but to a lesser degree than the acute administration of GLP-1. In addition, only the 3-h GLP-1 preinfusion significantly improved intravenous glucose tolerance (Kg control 0.61 ± 0.04, acute infusion 0.71 ± 0.04, P = NS; 3-h infusion 0.92 ± 0.08%/min, P &amp;lt; 0.05). These findings were also noted in the nondiabetic subjects in whom acute administration of GLP-1 significantly increased SPIR relative to the control IVGTT (9,439 ± 2,885 vs. 31,553 ± 11660 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.001) with less effect on FPIR (3,221 ± 918 vs. 4,917 ± 1,614 pmol/l · min, P = 0.075), while the 3-h preinfusion of GLP-1 significantly increased both FPIR (3,221 ± 918 vs. 7,948 ± 2,647 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and SPIR (9,439 ± 2,885 vs. 21,997 ± 9,849 pmol/l · min, P &amp;lt; 0.03). CONCLUSIONS—Extended administration of GLP-1 not only augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, but also shifts the dynamics of the insulin response to earlier release in both diabetic and nondiabetic humans. The restitution of some FPIR in subjects with type 2 diabetes is associated with significantly improved glucose tolerance. These findings demonstrate the benefits of a 3-h infusion of GLP-1 on β-cell function beyond those of an acute insulin secretagogue, and support the development of strategies using continuous or prolonged GLP-1 receptor agonism for treating diabetic patients.
ADAMTS‐13 content of plasma‐derived factor VIII/ von Willebrand factor concentrates
Authors: Sarah Kingsland, Peter Feldman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

To the editor: We read with interest the article by Peyvandi et al. 1 on the ADAMTS-13 content of plasma-derived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/ VWF) concentrates. The authors make reference to published case studies on the use of two FVIII concentrates in treatment of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): 8Y® 2 and Koate® -DVI 3. Use of 8Y® in the treatment of congenital TTP has also been described by Lester et al. 4 and is exemplified in national guidelines on the diagnosis and management of TTP and other thrombotic microangiopathies 5. In the course of their discussion, the authors compare the ADAMTS-13 activity of Koate®-DVI and 8Y®: 9.08 U/mL and 3.5 U/mL, respectively 6. When these concentrates were utilized in the treatment of congenital TTP, dosing has been described in terms of FVIII administered; 30–35 IU FVIII/kg body weight (b.w.) in the case of KOATE®-DVI 3 and 15–30 IU FVIII/kg b.w. in the case of 8Y® 2. Based on the reported levels of ADAMTS-13 in these two FVIII concentrates, the authors suggest that the ADAMTS-13 administered when 8Y® was given would have been substantially lower than that when Koate® -DVI was used for treatment. However, there is a four-fold difference between the stated FVIII potency of Koate®-DVI (100 IU/mL) and that of 8Y® (25 IU/mL). Taking this potency difference into consideration, the ratio of ADAMTS-13 activity to FVIII in the two products is calculated to be similar at 0.09 U ADAMTS-13/IU FVIII (for Koate®-DVI) and 0.14 U ADAMTS-13/IU FVIII (for 8Y®). This comparison would indicate that, in fact, the dosing regimens described for the two FVIII concentrates would have resulted in similar levels of ADAMTS-13 being administered (2–4 U ADAMTS-13/kg b.w.). Although both these concentrates contain VWF and FVIII, which could influence the clinical outcome, the similarity of these dosing calculations is consistent with a therapeutic mechanism which is mediated by ADAMTS-13 substitution. We agree that VWF multimer distribution in the concentrates is predominantly attributable to manufacturing process rather than to ADAMTS-13 activity. Furthermore, a higher ratio of ADAMTS-13 to FVIII in the concentrate would be consistent with the treatment of a thrombotic condition such as TTP, where elevation of superfluous procoagulant proteins may be undesirable. Sarah Kingsland* Peter Feldman Research, Development and Medical Department, Bio Products Laboratory Ltd., Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Minneapolis As a Medical Center
Authors: S. MARX WHITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 January 1930Minneapolis As a Medical CenterS. MARX WHITE, M.D.S. MARX WHITE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-7-774 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMinneapolis as a medical center is among the newer points in the New World. Its attractions are shared with those of its twin city, St. Paul. The population of Minneapolis in 1930 is over 500,000, and together with St. Paul and the immediate suburbs of both, the metropolitan area lays valid claim to nearly a million people.The first hospital in Minneapolis was founded in 1871, 120 years after the foundation of the Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia in 1751, which lays claim to be the oldest institution of this kind in this country. This was also exactly 100 years after... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S. MARX WHITE, M.D.Affiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1930Volume 3, Issue 7Page: 774-791KeywordsTwins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Swimming Upstream: Doing Less in Health Care Is Hard
Authors: Michael L. LeFevre
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Does alcohol consumption increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? Comments on a recent meta‐analysis
Authors: G.‐C. Chen, Y. Zhang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Does alcohol consumption increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? Comments on a recent meta‐analysis Get access G.‐C. Chen, G.‐C. Chen Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention 237 Yongfeng Road Ningbo 315010 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention 237 Yongfeng Road Ningbo 315010 China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 3, 1 September 2014, Page 657, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12971 Published: 01 September 2014
THERAPEUTIC NERVE BLOCK
Authors: E. A. ROVENSTINE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

"Therapeutic nerve block" is but one of the many ramifications of regional analgesia. The history of the introduction and development of perineural injections of analgesic and neurolytic agents for therapy coincides with that of similar types of injections to control the pain associated with surgical procedures. The use of surgical analgesic nerve blocks has eclipsed by far similar procedures employed to cure or alleviate pain or symptoms resulting from disease or injury. Coming into being, as it did, less than fifty-seven years ago, regional analgesia found a large number of enthusiastic surgical pioneers to explore its possibilities, exploit its application and evaluate it in surgical practice. Nerve block was discovered at the very dawn of modern abdominal surgery when the leaders in medicine were focusing the attention of the world on the blessings of the scalpel and were giving their best efforts toward developing the possibilities that anesthesia and antisepsis
Accumulation of Memory Precursor CD8 T Cells in Regressing Tumors following Combination Therapy with Vaccine and Anti-PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Lavakumar Karyampudi, Purushottam Lamichhane, Adam D. Scheid, Kimberly R. Kalli, Barath Shreeder, James W. Krempski, Marshall D. Behrens, Keith L. Knutson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment blunts vaccine-induced immune effectors. PD-1/B7-H1 is an important inhibitory axis in the tumor microenvironment. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of blocking this inhibitory axis during and following vaccination against breast cancer. We observed that using anti-PD-1 antibody and a multipeptide vaccine (consisting of immunogenic peptides derived from breast cancer antigens, neu, legumain, and β-catenin) as a combination therapy regimen for the treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice prolonged the vaccine-induced progression-free survival period. This prolonged survival was associated with increase in number of Tc1 and Tc2 CD8 T cells with memory precursor phenotype, CD27+IL-7RhiT-betlo, and decrease in number of PD-1+ dendritic cells (DC) in regressing tumors and enhanced antigen reactivity of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells. It was also observed that blockade of PD-1 on tumor DCs enhanced IL-7R expression on CD8 T cells. Taken together, our results suggest that PD-1 blockade enhances breast cancer vaccine efficacy by altering both CD8 T cell and DC components of the tumor microenvironment. Given the recent success of anti-PD-1 monotherapy, our results are encouraging for developing combination therapies for the treatment of patients with cancer in which anti-PD-1 monotherapy alone may be ineffective (i.e., PD-L1-negative tumors).
TRANSFUSION OF PLASMA
Authors: J. Hugh Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Transfusion either of whole or of modified blood is a widely used and highly successful therapeutic procedure. It is therefore important that any attendant catastrophe be most carefully analyzed. For this reason I wish to call attention to some errors contained in the report "Death from Transfusion of Plasma" by Dr. Frank Mayner, Wyandotte, Mich. (The Journal, May 3, p. 2015). The subject of this report was in my service in the Wyandotte General Hospital. I also cared for his elder brother when he was hospitalized with the same illness. Contrary to the statement in the report, the elder brother recovered and today is alive and well. The statement that the patient had been given a transfusion of whole blood is also in error. The patient had had no transfusion before the plasma transfusion that was given immediately prior to his death. Therefore there could have been
Patent laws are keeping poor countries in poverty
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Intellectual property systems in developed countries are helping to keep poorer countries trapped in poverty, says a report out this week. Laws on patents and intellectual property need to be relaxed and adapted to help developing countries fight poverty and gain access to technology, medicines, and research.

Developing countries should set their own agenda and develop laws that give them easier access to cut-price drugs and generic versions of drugs that are still patented. They should also aim to ensure that diagnostic and surgical methods are excluded from patents, …
Increased erythropoiesis and elevated erythropoietin in infants born to diabetic mothers and in hyperinsulinemic rhesus fetuses.
Authors: J A Widness, J B Susa, J F Garcia, D B Singer, P Sehgal, W Oh, R Schwartz, H C Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The pathogenesis of the increased erythrocytosis and extramedullary erythropoiesis observed in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) has been obscure. In the present studies, IDM were found to have elevated umbilical plasma erythropoietin (Ep) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. 22 of 61 IDM (36%) had levels above the range of 28 nonasphyxiated, appropriately grown normal infants. In 16 controls and 20 IDM, plasma Ep correlated directly with plasma insulin (P less than 0.001, r = 0.73). To investigate this relationship further, a chronic rhesus model was studied with continuous fetal hyperinsulinemia for 21 d in utero in the last third of pregnancy. In five experimental fetuses, plasma insulin levels averaged 4,210 microU/ml at delivery, whereas plasma Ep was above the range of six controls. In addition, the experimental fetuses had elevated reticulocyte counts in umbilical cord blood. The mechanism for the increased plasma Ep associated with hyperinsulinemia in the fetus is unexplained but may be mediated by fetal hypoxia.