tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
624. Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus Vector Overexpressing the ADP (E3-11.6K) Protein and Armed with Human Interferon Alpha
Authors: Elena V. Shashkova, Jacqueline F. Spencer, William S.M. Wold, Konstantin Doronin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have previously reported on a tumor-specific conditionally replicating adenovirus vector named KD3 that overexpresses the E3-11.6K |[ldquo]|Adenovirus Death Protein|[rdquo]| (ADP). Overexpression of ADP increases vector spread within the tumors, enhancing oncolytic activity. The replication of this vector is restricted to cancer as opposed to normal cells due to mutations in the E1A protein that eliminate binding of E1A to pRB and p300. We have now constructed an improved version of KD3 that is armed with human interferon alpha (hIFN-|[alpha]|). KD3-IFN carries the hIFN-|[alpha]| cDNA in the E3 region downstream of the ADP gene. The vector retains the featureof ADP overexpression and expresses secreted and functionally active hIFN-|[alpha]| strictly at late stages of vector replication. Vectors KD3-DsRed and KD3-SEAP (encoding human secreted placental alkaline phosphatase) carrying reporter genes were also constructed and used to visualize (DsRed) or quantify (SEAP) expression levels in cell culture and in animal models. In cell culture, KD3-IFN had oncolytic activity similar to KD3, exceeding the oncolytic activity of dl1101/1107 (an adenovirus mutant with the same E1A mutation as KD3-IFN but with less ADP production). Therefore, the inclusion of the transgene did not compromise the functional manifestation of ADP overexpression, and high levels of hIFN-|[alpha]| did not adversely affect vector growth and spread.
ALLERGY TO ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
Authors: Bret Ratner
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —Referring to the clinical note on death following the administration of 5 grains of acetylsalicylic acid to an allergic patient, by B. R. Dysart (The Journal, August 5), I feel constrained to voice an opinion.  In the first place, acetylsalicylic acid is a widely used drug and before death can be attributed to its use it appears to me that evidence for such a deduction should be more certain. This asthmatic patient, 45 years of age, had taken aspirin and then began to wheeze. She then gave herself an injection of epinephrine, the dose not stated. The physician was called because the condition became worse and death followed in ten minutes. Autopsy revealed a normal heart, some tenacious mucus in the bronchi and a sarcoma of the dura about the size of an English walnut located over the left cerebral hemisphere. Dr. Dysart's comment is that allergic
In vitro elevation of red blood cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate with fructose, phosphate, and methylene blue
Authors: Mark O. Farber, Leslie R. Rubin, Felice Manfredi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) is an important regulator of hemoglobin oxygen affinity and thus can theoretically affect tissue oxygenation. Marked stimulation of DPG with substances that would likely be well tolerated by humans has not been reported previously. In order to achieve such stimulation, we investigated (n = 102) the effect of various combinations of fructose (2.8–11.1 mM) and sodium phosphate (1.0–130.0 mM) on 2,3‐DPG production by perfusing fresh human blood in dialysis tubing, 37°C, pH 7.15–7.70, with the appropriate solutions and with compressed air or 100% O 2 for up to 6 hours. The DPG increased significantly with fructose/phosphate incubations for 6 hours. At pH &gt; 7.35 the average increase was 25%; at pH &lt; 7.35, 12%; PO 4 &gt; 6 mM + pH &gt; 7.35 yielded the highest changes, 28%. Methylene blue 2.5–7.5 μM + PO 4 &gt; 2.5 mM + pH &gt; 7.35 yielded similar results. Glucose + PO 4 showed no effect on DPG. Results were comparable at all fructose levels either with compressed air or 100% O 2 . Significant elevations in 2,3‐DPG were also noted at 4 hours but were of lesser magnitude. In conclusion, significant elevations in 2,3‐DPG can be achieved by incubating whole blood with fructose/phosphate solutions or with methylene blue and phosphate for 4–6 hours. It should be possible to adapt these solutions for human use to raise 2, 3‐DPG. The potential physiologic value of rightward shifts in hemoglobin oxygen affinity can then be tested under appropriate conditions.
Environmental Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Robert McMillan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

CHRONIC immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a syndrome characterized by a destructive thrombocytopenia, thought to be caused by a circulating antibody against a platelet-associated antigen or antigens. 1 The nature of the antigen is not known. In adults with ITP, spontaneous complete remission is rare and usually occurs early in the course of the illness.  For the past ten years we have cared for a patient whose clinical pattern was consistent with the diagnosis of ITP. However, all symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities disappeared completely when she left the San Diego area. This case provides strong evidence for an environmental antigen as an etiologic agent in her disease.  Report of a Case  A 67-year-old woman was well until October 1968, when a severe flu-like syndrome developed, manifested by the onset of malaise and weakness followed by nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. She was hospitalized and treated with succinylsulfathiazole, promethazine hydrochloride, a
Chronic malabsorption due to cryptosporidiosis in a child with immunoglobulin deficiency
Authors: K S Sloper, R R Dourmashkin, R B Bird, G Slavin, A D B Webster
Journal: Gut (1982)

A case of fatal cryptosporidiosis in a child with primary immunoglobulin deficiency is described. This is always a serious complication in immunodeficient patients because there is no known effective therapy.
Do emergency tests help in the management of acute medical admissions?
Authors: G Sandler
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A two year combined retrospective and prospective study of 555 acute medical admissions to a district general hospital was carried out to assess the value ofemergency biochemical, haematological, radiological, and electrocardiographic tests in diagnosis and treat- ment.For the study the tests were considered helpful only if they disclosed an abnormality and resulted in a definite diagnosis or change oftreatment which would not have been possible from the history and examination alone.A total of 2372 emergency tests were carried out in the 555 patients who presented with 579 acute medical problems.Only 403 (17%) of the test results were abnormal and, of these, only one third helped in treatment and less than one third helped in diagnosis.The most useful diagnostic tests were serum amylase activity in abdominal pain, the electrocardiogram in chest pain, the chest radiograph in respiratory problems, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis in suspected meningitis or subarachnoid haemor- rhage.The most useful tests in treatment were blood sugar value in diabetes, PCO2 in obstructive airways disease, and haemoglobin concentration in gastrointestinal haemorrhage.Of the tests re- quested by far the most often-blood urea and serum electrolyte concentrations-only 7% gave abnormal results and were rarely of any help in either diagnosis or treatment.Analysis of the reasons for the uncritical use of emergency tests by house officers suggested that better undergraduate train- ing, regular audit by senior members of medical units, abolition of routine investigational procedures, and more selective labora- tory reports would help to build up the house officer's confidence in his own skills of history taking and physical examination with- out recourse to indiscriminate use of laboratory and other investigations.In this study the usual emergency tests were considered to have little to offer in aiding diagnosis and treatment.Nevertheless, the results suggested that a normal initial electrocardiogram in patients with chest pain and a normal initial chest radiograph in patients with respiratory infection may be useful in allowing earlier discharge from hospital.The yearly cost of those out of hours tests that were of no help in diagnosis or treatment was £4263.If this pattern is reflected in all
Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Jules Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 August 2002Management of Cardiac ArrhythmiasJules Cohen, AB, MDJules Cohen, AB, MDUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ganz LI, ed. 527 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2001. $125.00. ISBN 0896038467. Order phone 973-256-1699.Field of medicine: Cardiology and general internal medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General internists, cardiologists, and those training in these fields, including medical students, residents, and fellows.Purpose: To present current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, with special attention to recent advances.Content: The 21 chapters are authored by leaders in the field and cover the full range of cardiac arrhythmias. Approaches to diagnosis, evaluation, and management are included, as well as discussions of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment. The latter includes ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 August 2002Volume 137, Issue 3Page: 224KeywordsArrhythmiaDrugsImplantable defibrillatorsMuscular dystrophiesMyocardial infarctionPharmacologyPopulation statisticsPregnancySoftware toolsTachycardia ePublished: 6 August 2002 Issue Published: 6 August 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Altered operant responding for motor reinforcement and the determination of benchmark doses following perinatal exposure to low-level 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
Authors: V P Markowski, G Zareba, S Stern, C Cox, B Weiss
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Pregnant Holtzman rats were exposed to a single oral dose of 0, 20, 60, or 180 ng/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the 18th day of gestation. Their adult female offspring were trained to respond on a lever for brief opportunities to run in specially designed running wheels. Once they had begun responding on a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule of reinforcement, the fixed-ratio requirement for lever pressing was increased at five-session intervals to values of FR2, FR5, FR10, FR20, and FR30. We examined vaginal cytology after each behavior session to track estrous cyclicity. Under each of the FR values, perinatal TCDD exposure produced a significant dose-related reduction in the number of earned opportunities to run, the lever response rate, and the total number of revolutions in the wheel. Estrous cyclicity was not affected. Because of the consistent dose-response relationship at all FR values, we used the behavioral data to calculate benchmark doses based on displacements from modeled zero-dose performance of 1% (ED(01)) and 10% (ED(10)), as determined by a quadratic fit to the dose-response function. The mean ED(10) benchmark dose for earned run opportunities was 10.13 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 5.77 ng/kg. The corresponding ED(01) was 0.98 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 0.83 ng/kg. The mean ED(10) for total wheel revolutions was calculated as 7.32 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 5.41 ng/kg. The corresponding ED(01) was 0.71 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 0.60. These values should be viewed from the perspective of current human body burdens, whose average value, based on TCDD toxic equivalents, has been calculated as 13 ng/kg.
Epidemiological and Laboratory Studies of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A LONG history of lore suggests that magnetism and electricity influence human health, generally for the better. For example, more than 200 years ago, Dr Anton Mesmer attracted worldwide attention with his claim to cure a variety of diseases through exposure to magnetism (and thus, "Mesmerism").<sup>1</sup>Reports are now appearing that magnetic fields may be harmful to health. Whether 200 years from now our progeny will look back at this concern as superstition, as we do at Mesmerism, or as the discovery of a new field of health science, is not yet clear. <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) surround all electrical conductors, including power lines, household wiring, and appliances. There are two components to EMF, electrical and magnetic, that under usual circumstances occur together, but the magnitude of each varies independently. Since the magnitude of the electric field component is determined by voltage, the electric fields are generally
Evidence of impaired cartilage/bone turnover in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: W Marhoffer, H Stracke, I Masoud, M Scheja, V Graef, W Bolten, K Federlin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To compare serum markers of bone formation with the urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks (PYR) as a possible measure of bone and cartilage degradation which would detect changes in bone metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to relate them to influences of inflammatory disease activity, and to treatment.In 62 patients with AS, serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and skeletal ALP isoenzyme levels were evaluated concurrently in comparison with urinary excretion of pyridinium cross links and were compared with values in 50 healthy controls.Osteocalcin concentrations in AS patients were in the middle normal range (3.5 (SD 1.2) ng/ml) and did not differ significantly from those in control subjects (4.2 (1.3) ng/ml); the same was true for ALP and skeletal ALP isoenzyme fraction (AS: ALP 149 (50.3) U/l, skeletal ALP 12.8 (4.1) micrograms/l; controls: ALP 133 (25.2) U/l, skeletal ALP 11.9 (4.3) micrograms/l). The urinary levels of PYR in AS (51.2 (25.2) nmol PYR/mmol creatinine) were significantly increased compared with controls (33.9 (12.4) nmol PYR/mmol creatinine (p < 0.001)). In the AS group there was a positive correlation between urinary excretion of PYR and inflammatory disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) (r = 0.6, p < 0.0001) and C reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), but no significant correlation was found with ESR, CRP, and markers of bone formation.Bone metabolism in patients with AS is characterised by normal bone formation and enhanced cartilage/bone degradation, suggesting that impaired bone turnover is pronounced in active disease. The results clearly indicate that this comparison can be used to demonstrate impairment of cartilage/bone metabolism which correlates with disease activity. The data obtained further emphasise the importance of measuring both serum variables and urinary excretion of PYR crosslinks to obtain adequate evaluation of cartilage/bone metabolism in patients with AS.
PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS OF THE PERICARDIUM
Authors: WILLIAM P. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

One occasionally encounters a disease entity that is recognized and accepted by pathologists but is only vaguely known to clinicians. This appears to be true of primary tuberculosis of the pericardium. A review of the reported cases and an analysis of the several cases of this disease that have come to autopsy in this hospital revealed the fact that with only one exception (case 25) the clinical diagnosis at the time of death was recorded as chronic myocarditis. In addition, this review brought out the fact that all these patients presented a rather surprisingly uniform and distinctive clinical picture, suggesting that the correct diagnosis might be made if the clinical features were known. It is with this in view that this paper is presented.  For the purpose of classification, tuberculosis of the pericardium may be divided into four main groups: 1    The tuberculous pericarditis may be part of a generalized
Racial Categories in Medicine: A Failure of Evidence-Based Practice?
Authors: George T. H Ellison, Andrew Smart, Richard Tutton, Simon M Outram, Richard Ashcroft, Paul Martin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Our projects examining the use of racial and ethnic categories in genetics and biomedical research have been supported by three grants from the Wellcome Trust's Biomedical Ethics Research Programme: 057182 (GTHE); 057180 (RA); and 073524/2/03/2/AW/HH (AS, PM, RA, and GTHE). See also: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/igbis/reg/.
Towards evidence based circumcision of English boys: survey of trends in practice
Authors: A M K Rickwood
Journal: BMJ (2000)

We also found an increased risk of cancer of the peritoneum and other digestive organs.One explanation for this association is that some of the observed cancers in this category were misclassified testicular or extragonadal germ cell tumours.Extragonadal germ cell tumours have been associated with testicular carcinoma in situ, 28 29 suggesting a common aetiology with testicular cancer.From a public health perspective, our study provides some reassurance to men identified with abnormal semen characteristics, despite the increased relative risks.The absolute excess of cancers is about 36 cases per 32 442 men followed for 297 750 person years.The absolute increase in risk for the individual is therefore very small.
Functional Characteristics of the Gating Mechanism in the Canine A-V Conducting System
Authors: ROBERT J. MYERBURG, HENRY GELBAND, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The areas of maximum action potential duration, or gates, of the isolated canine distal A-V conducting system were studied by microelectrode techniques to determine the characteristics of their responses to premature impulses and to rapid rates of stimulation. The results indicate that premature responses will be conducted at the same velocity as driven responses until the coupling interval between the driven and premature impulses approaches the refractory period of the gate. When delayed conduction of the premature impulse develops, it occurs over a segment of the conducting system incorporating the gate. The magnitude of the delay which can develop at coupling intervals just in excess of the functional refractory period tends to be small in healthy tissue and larger in depressed tissue. Suitable delays allowed premature impulses having coupling intervals shorter than the refractory period at the gate to be conducted distally. The refractory period in response to rapid rates of stimulation was discordant in the several false tendons in six of nine preparations studied. Both delayed conduction and 2:1 conduction were shown to occur near the limit of response to rapid stimulation. The data presented suggest certain functional analogies between the A-V node and the gating mechanism.
Doctors call for experts to lead fact finding mission in Gaza
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The group Physicians for Human Rights-Israel has called for doctors with expertise in forensic medicine, medical crises, and public health to take part in an independent fact finding mission to Gaza after a ceasefire in the region.

The non-governmental organisation, which works to protect medical human rights of people in Israel and in the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel said that the mission would have several objectives.

It would try to learn about the weapons that caused the types of injuries seen in the Gaza Strip during Israel’s three week offensive, which started on 27 December, the extent and nature of attacks on medical facilities and teams, and difficulties experienced evacuating wounded and dead people. Also under investigation …
Preventing the Heterosexual Spread of AIDS
Authors: Norman Hearst
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE EPIDEMIC of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is an unprecedented public health threat; it constitutes the leading cause of premature mortality in some areas of the United States, and it is growing rapidly. 1 Until a cure is developed, the only way to control the epidemic is through prevention strategies directed at the three modes of spread of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Preventing spread of infection by infusion or inoculation of blood involves making blood products safe and teaching intravenous drug users how to avoid infection. Preventing the perinatal spread of infection to newborn babies involves testing prospective mothers for HIV antibodies and advising those who test positive to avoid pregnancy or, if already pregnant, to consider abortion.  In this report we consider strategies for controlling the third and most common mode of spread, sexual contact . A recent report by Friedland and Klein 2 recommends educating
470 PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF HBV PRE-S/S GENES IN MOTHER-CHILD PAIRS WITH LONG-TERM INFECTION BY PRESUMED VERTICAL TRANSMISSION
Authors: H.S. Kim, J.W. Park, S.R. Shin, K.T. Suk, M.K. Jang, S.H. Park, D.J. Kim, M.S. Lee, C.K. Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the Netherlands.
Authors: A Pijpe, P Manders, FE van Leeuwen, MA Rookus
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #505 Background: Physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer in the general population by 20-40%. Suggested biological mechanisms include a reduction of adipose tissue and decreased lifetime exposure to estrogens. This is one of the first studies that investigates the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (carriers).&amp;#x2028; Patients and methods: We analyzed data from a nationwide retrospective cohort study (GEO-HEBON), including 1026 carriers, of which 465 had a history of breast cancer. We examined the association between breast cancer risk and average (METhr/wk) sports, walking/cycling, occupational, household, and total physical activity, lifetime and for age-periods below and above age 20, separately. All analyses were stratified for birth cohort and gene, clustered on family, and adjusted for confounders and other physical activity variables (when investigating separate components).&amp;#x2028; Preliminary results: For adulthood sports activity we found a risk reduction for active carriers (low: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54-0.96; medium: HR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.46-0.90; high: HR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.48-1.06) when compared to carriers who had never engaged in sports. No risk change was found for sports activity before age 20. For lifetime (mainly adulthood) household activity we found a risk reduction of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.57-0.96) for the second versus the lowest quartile but for higher quartiles HRs were not significantly decreased, and a similar pattern for occupational activity (0.53 (0.35-0.82)). We found neither an effect for walking/cycling activity nor for total physical activity.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Our physical activity information was relatively extensive, and we used proxy-questionnaires to examine survival bias. Limitations include the retrospective character of the cohort and potential misclassification bias. In conclusion, these preliminary results suggest that physical activity may reduce the risk of breast cancer in carriers. The inverse associations were clearest for physical activity during adulthood. Time-dependent, weighted (for testing bias), and stratified (for example by menopausal status and Body Mass Index) analyses will be conducted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 505.