tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic services must match the patients.
Authors: A K McCallum, A McCulloch
Journal: BMJ (1993)

know which recessive genes they carry"?Current evidence from a general practice population of reproductive age shows that "there is not a great deal of demand or interest in cystic fibrosis carrier testing" and that "such testing is not really wanted."2An editorial on the same subject in the Lancet concluded that "we need to think very carefully about whether nationwide programmes are what we really want and what the aims and ethical base of such an approach may be."3Before further research is carried out a national commission with representative membership needs to consider all the implications of screening the general population for cystic fibrosis and whether the potential benefits to society truly outweigh all the costs.
Are GP referrals influenced by the availability of consultants?
Authors: H. T. Sorensen, B. Christensen, C. E. Mabeck
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Summary</h3> Genetic variants that inactivate protein-coding genes are a powerful source of information about the phenotypic consequences of gene disruption: genes critical for an organism’s function will be depleted for such variants in natural populations, while non-essential genes will tolerate their accumulation. However, predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) variants are enriched for annotation errors, and tend to be found at extremely low frequencies, so their analysis requires careful variant annotation and very large sample sizes<sup>1</sup>. Here, we describe the aggregation of 125,748 exomes and 15,708 genomes from human sequencing studies into the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). We identify 443,769 high-confidence pLoF variants in this cohort after filtering for sequencing and annotation artifacts. Using an improved human mutation rate model, we classify human protein-coding genes along a spectrum representing tolerance to inactivation, validate this classification using data from model organisms and engineered human cells, and show that it can be used to improve gene discovery power for both common and rare diseases.
Elevated interleukin-1 levels, nuclear factor κB activation, and arterial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression are associated with development of transplant coronary artery disease
Authors: Carlos A. Labarrere, Rodney W. Benner, Steven J. Miller, Edward J. Brizendine, Joshua B. Lee, Douglas E. Pitts, David A. Hormuth
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Computerized Cognitive Training in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effect Modifiers
Authors: Amit Lampit, Harry Hallock, Michael Valenzuela
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Michael Valenzuela and colleagues systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence that computerized cognitive training improves cognitive skills in older adults with normal cognition. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Molecular profiling and gene expression analysis in cutaneous sarcoidosis: The role of interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and the T-helper 17 pathway
Authors: Marc A. Judson, Richard M. Marchell, MaryAnn Mascelli, Alexa Piantone, Elliot S. Barnathan, Kevin J. Petty, Dion Chen, Hongtao Fan, Heidi Grund, Keying Ma, Frédéric Baribaud, Carrie Brodmerkel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
The Liver and Portal Hypertension. Vol I: Major Problems in Clinical Surgery
Authors: Victor M. Sborov
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Although much of this volume concerns portal hypertension and its surgical management, emphasis is also given to other aspects of clinical and experimental hepatic disease. Indeed, this book nicely summarizes current concepts of the major forms of liver injury and their management. Multiple authors, in seven chapters, cover a variety of hepatic problems. The high quality of the entire text makes it difficult to enumerate its outstanding aspects, but three chapters may be especially singled out in what is an overall superior work. The first chapter, "Surgery and Portal Hypertension," excellently reflects the wide experience of the authors with the many aspects of this difficult problem. The selection and study of cases is presented in a lucid, easy-to-understand manner which should be clear even to those who are not primarily interested in this field. Rationale of treatment and results are presented in simple tables. The chapter on the liver and
Effective, safe, and a good patient experience
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We talk a lot about improving the quality of health care. But until recently if you asked people what they meant by quality you got a range of unmemorable answers. Then came the cumulative work of Sheila Leatherman and her colleagues, and in the UK Ara Darzi’s 2008 High Quality Care for All . Now everyone I talk to is using the same language: quality means clinical effectiveness, safety, and a good experience for the patient. This week’s BMJ has something to say on all three. 

On clinical effectiveness, Barbara Kuijper and colleagues ask what’s the right non-surgical approach …
ΔNp63 (p40) and Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Immunoreactivity on Small Biopsies or Cellblocks for Typing Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Novel Two-Hit, Sparing-Material Approach
Authors: Giuseppe Pelosi, Alessandra Fabbri, Fabrizio Bianchi, Patrick Maisonneuve, Giulio Rossi, Mattia Barbareschi, Paolo Graziano, Alberto Cavazza, Natasha Rekhtman, Ugo Pastorino, Paolo Scanagatta, Mauro Papotti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Francesco Zaja, Salvatore De Vita, Cesare Mazzaro, Stefania Sacco, Daniela Damiani, Ginevra De Marchi, Angela Michelutti, Michele Baccarani, Renato Fanin, Gianfranco Ferraccioli
Journal: Blood (2003)
Angina and Exertional Myocardial Ischemia in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients: Assessment by Exercise Thallium Scintigraphy
Authors: RICHARD W. NESTO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease are thought to have painless myocardial ischemia more often than patients without diabetes. We studied 50 consecutive patients with diabetes and 50 consecutive patients without diabetes, all with ischemia, on exercise thallium scintigraphy to show the reliability of angina as a marker for exertional ischemia. The two groups had similar clinical characteristics, treadmill test results, and extent of infarction and ischemia, but only 14 [corrected] patients with diabetes compared with 34 [corrected] patients without diabetes had angina during exertional ischemia. In diabetic patients the extent of retinopathy, nephropathy, or peripheral neuropathy was similar in patients with and without angina. Angina is an unreliable index of myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Given the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality in such patients, periodic objective assessments of the extent of ischemia are warranted.
Inosine Pranobex — Is a Single Positive Trial Enough?
Authors: Sandra L. Kweder, Robert A. Schnur, Ellen C. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Recognition of the myriad immunologic defects associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has stimulated the development of novel approaches to its treatment. To date, the most effective treatments have been antiviral agents directed against HIV itself, such as zidovudine (formerly AZT, or azidothymidine). However, active efforts continue in the search for agents to restore or improve the defective immune systems of persons infected with HIV. Although the distinction between immunomodulatory and antiretroviral therapy is not always clear, the possibility of a combined approach is conceptually exciting. The clinical testing of potential immunomodulators increases the complexity of drug development by . . .
Incidence and consequences of periprocedural occlusion. The 1985-1986 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry.
Authors: K M Detre, D R Holmes, R Holubkov, M J Cowley, M G Bourassa, D P Faxon, G R Dorros, L G Bentivoglio, K M Kent, R K Myler
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Of 1,801 patients in the 1985-1986 Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Registry, 122 (6.8%) had periprocedural occlusion (4.9% in the catheterization laboratory, 1.9% outside the laboratory). Baseline patient factors independently associated with increased occlusion rates included triple-vessel disease, high risk status for surgery, and acute coronary insufficiency. Lesion characteristics showing significant positive association included severe stenosis before PTCA, diffuse or multiple discrete morphology, thrombus, and collateral flow from the lesion. Intimal tear and dissection were also very strongly associated with occlusion. Sixty patients (49%) had a transient occlusion that was reopened with PTCA, 43 (35%) were not redilated and managed with bypass surgery, and 19 (16%) were not redilated and managed medically. In-hospital mortality was 5% in each of these treatment groups, compared with 1% in occlusion-free patients. In-hospital infarction rates ranged from 27% in patients with transient occlusion to 56% in the patients managed with surgery, compared with 2% in patients without occlusion. During 2 years of follow-up, somewhat increased mortality continued in patients with occlusion, whereas follow-up infarction rates were comparable for all patients regardless of occlusion. Patients with an occlusion that was reopened or managed medically had increased rates of surgery during follow-up. Rates of repeat PTCA were comparable (about 23% by 2 years) in patients with transient occlusion and those without occlusion. Occlusion remains a serious complication of angioplasty and is associated most strongly with major events and surgical procedures that occur during the in-hospital period.
Toll-like receptor agonists shape the immune responses to a mannose receptor-targeted cancer vaccine
Authors: Li-Zhen He, Jeffrey Weidlick, Crystal Sisson, Henry C Marsh, Tibor Keler
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

Previous studies have documented that selective delivery of protein antigens to cells expressing mannose receptor (MR) can lead to enhanced immune responses. We postulated that agents that influenced the MR expression level, and the activation and migration status of MR-expressing antigen presenting cells, would modulate immune responses to MR-targeted vaccines. To address this question, we investigated the effect of clinically used adjuvants in human MR transgenic (hMR-Tg) mice immunized with an MR-targeting cancer vaccine composed of the human anti-MR monoclonal antibody B11 fused with the oncofetal protein, human chorionic gonadotropin beta chain (hCGβ), and referred to as B11-hCGβ. We found that humoral responses to low doses of B11-hCGβ could be enhanced by prior administration of GM-CSF, which upregulated MR expression in vivo. However, co-administration of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, poly-ICLC and/or CpG with B11-hCGβ was required to elicit Th1 immunity, as measured by antigen-specific T-cell production of IFN-γ. The TLR agonists were shown to increase the number of vaccine-containing cells in the draining lymph nodes of immunized hMR-Tg mice. In particular, with B11-hCGβ and poly-ICLC, a dramatic increase in vaccine-positive cells was observed in the T-cell areas of the lymph nodes, compared to the vaccine alone or combined with GM-CSF. Importantly, the absence of the TLR agonists during the priming immunization led to antigen-specific tolerance. Therefore, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which adjuvants can augment immune responses to B11-hCGβ and have implications for the rationale design of clinical studies combining MR-targeted vaccination with TLR agonists.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CAUSATION OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA
Authors: M. SYDNEY THOMSON, J. N. CUMINGS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1931)

Journal Article INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CAUSATION OF PITYRIASIS ROSEA Get access M. SYDNEY THOMSON, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P., M. SYDNEY THOMSON, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. Junior Physician for Diseases of the Skin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. N. CUMINGS, M.D., M.R.C.P. J. N. CUMINGS, M.D., M.R.C.P. Assistant Pathologist, King's College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 43, Issue 12, 1 December 1931, Pages 617–640, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1931.tb09462.x Published: 01 December 1931
Fortnightly review: Beneficial effects of potassium
Authors: F. J He, G. A MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that potassium intake has an important role in regulating blood pressure in both the general population and people with high blood pressure.1 High potassium intake may have other beneficial effects independent of its effect on blood pressure—for example, reducing the risk of stroke,2-4 preventing the development of renal vascular, glomerular, and tubular damage,5 decreasing urinary calcium excretion,6 reducing formation of kidney stones,7 and reducing demineralisation of bone (osteoporosis).8-11 In this article we discuss the evidence for these and other benefits of a high potassium intake.

#### Summary points

Increasing potassium intake lowers blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive people

Increasing potassium intake and reducing sodium intake are additive in lowering blood pressure

High potassium intake reduces the risk of stroke and prevents renal vascular, glomerular, and tubular damage

Increasing potassium intake reduces urinary calcium excretion, which reduces the risk of kidney stones and helps prevent bone demineralisation

Increasing serum potassium concentrations reduces the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and left ventricular hypertrophy

The best way to increase potassium intake is to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables

We obtained information on the effects of potassium by conducting a Medline search, reviewing reference lists in original and review articles, and communicating with experts in the respective fields.

The large international study of electrolytes and blood pressure (Intersalt) showed that potassium intake, as judged by 24 hour urinary potassium excretion, was an important independent determinant of population blood pressure. A 30-45 mmol increase in potassium intake was associated with an average reduction in population systolic blood pressure of 2-3 mm Hg.12 Many clinical trials have shown that increasing potassium intake lowers blood pressure both in people with high blood pressure and, to a lesser …
Early thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: Limitation of infarct size and improved survival
Authors: Maarten L. Simoons, Patrick W. Serruys, Marcel van den Brand, Jan Res, Freek W.A. Verheugt, X. Hanno Krauss, Willem J. Remme, Frits Bär, Chris de Zwaan, Arnoud van der Laarse, Frank Vermeer, Jacobus Lubsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) induced by aspergillus fumigatus (Af) is attenuated in C57BL/6 mice genetically deficient of surfactant protein (SP)-D
Authors: Angela Haczku, Elena N Atochina, Yaniv Tomer, Seth T Scanlon, Francis R Poulain, Samuel Hawgood, Michael F Beers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Treating bony metastases.
Authors: C G Kelly, M N Gaze, A Rodger
Journal: BMJ (1991)

primary care setting is the cornerstone of community psychiatry."4This should particularly be true in the United Kingdom with its tradition of comprehensive general practice.Current plans for future psychiatric services include community services devolving from psychiatric hospital units.True community and primary care initiatives are the exception.Though the Griffiths report envis- aged primary care doctors taking on the role of key worker for patients with chronic mental illness,' in one survey only 16% of general practitioners said that they would agree to act as key workers while the rest said that they would prefer community psychiatric nurses to do so."It should be possible for general practitioners to be funded to establish registers of patients with chronic mental illness and to provide much of the care they require-social and welfare needs as well as physical care.Much of this work could be done by practice based community psychiatric nurses, again if funding was provided.Psychiatrists could
Acroparaesthesia in the Lower Limbs
Authors: J. P. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1946)

ACROPARAESTHESIA IN LOWER LIMBSMEDICAL URNAL307caecal tumours had ulcers in the rectum or the pelvic colon.This experience is in contrast with that of Payne (1945).Sigmoidoscopy would appear to be of great -value in effecting a diagnosis in the dysenteric case in the shortest time but to have limitations in latent cases. Conclusions and SummaryThe prevalent attitude to amoebiasis is concerned with the difficul- ties of treatment, the liabiity to infection being regarded as an unavoidable risk.As a feasible and practicable laboratory diagnosis can be made, it is felt that attention should be directed to the prevention of its spread by the removal of cyst-passers from the handling of food, the diagnosis of latent cases in permanent resi- dents in the Tropics, and the elimination of unsuspected infection among members of the Services on repatriatioti.The pathological findings ot 300 cases of amoebiasis in which the Entamoeba histolytica has been identified are described.The difficul- ties of laboratory diagnosis are discussed.Routine examinations, to reduce the incidence of the disease, are suggested.1 am indebted to the Medical Director-Generai of the Navy for
Medical education: prosperitas interrupta
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1983)

After more than 30 years of unprecedented expansion, the nation's medical schools are caught in a fiscal squeeze that many of their leaders believe will change the way they function, not to mention the way young people view medicine as a career. Declining applications and enrollments, spiraling tuition, and loss of the government inducements that at one time encouraged schools to overcome chronic physician shortages appear to be here to stay. At a recent New York symposium on the financing of medical education sponsored by the Committee on Medical Education of the New York Academy of Medicine and the Associated Medical Schools of New York, an audience of 240 educators, administrators, and health planners from across the country heard what some of the implications of this squeeze are if answers are not found... soon: Higher tuitions, the growing cost of borrowing, and cutbacks in existing student aid programs might again
Book Review Military Medical Ethics (Textbooks of Military Medicine.) Edited by Thomas E. Beam and Linette R. Sparacino. 868 pp., plus index, in two volumes, illustrated. Washington, D.C., Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, and Borden Institute, 2003. $108 (domestic); $151 (foreign); Government Printing Office Stock Number 008-023-00119-7. 0-16-050501-1 .
Authors: Michael A. Grodin, George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Preliminary analysis of the care of injured patients in 33 British hospitals: first report of the United Kingdom major trauma outcome study.
Authors: D. W. Yates, M. Woodford, S. Hollis
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To measure the effectiveness of management of major trauma in the United Kingdom. DESIGN--Review of the care of all seriously injured patients seen over two years. SETTING--33 hospitals which receive patients who have sustained major trauma. SUBJECTS--14,648 injured patients admitted for more than three days, transferred or admitted into an intensive care bed, or dying from their injuries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Death or survival in hospital within three months of the injury. RESULTS--21% of seriously injured patients (1299) took longer than one hour to reach hospital. Time before arrival at hospital was not related to severity of injury. A senior house officer was in charge of initial hospital resuscitation in 57% (826/1445) of patients with an injury severity score &gt; or = 16. More senior staff were commonly responsible for definitive operations, but only 46% (165/355) of patients judged to require early operation arrived in theatre within two hours. Mortality for 6111 patients sustaining blunt trauma and treated in the 14 busiest hospitals was significantly higher (actual 408, predicted 295.6, p &lt; 0.001) than in a comparable North American dataset. Large differences in the 14 hospitals assessed could not be explained by variations in case load or facilities. In contrast, the outcome of the 4.1% (597) of patients with penetrating injuries was better than that of a comparable group in the United States. Analysis of the 415 penetrating injuries with complete data showed that 15 patients died (19.3 predicted; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS--The initial management of major trauma in the United Kingdom remains unsatisfactory. There are delays in providing experienced staff and timely operations. Mortality varies inexplicably between hospitals and, for blunt trauma, is generally higher than in the United States.
Fish oil, aspirin, and bleeding
Authors: H G M Shetty
Journal: BMJ (1990)

from screening would be hard to handle without additional resources.Our work in Peterborough has, however, shown clearly the benefits.'Of 304 residents ofhomes for the elderly, five confused people improved remarkably in their mental state with the use of personal amplifiers after being screened by a specialist teacher of the deaf.Our project was funded by Marks and Spencer.The size of the project was commensurate with the capacity of the audiology clinic that received referrals for new hearing aids or new moulds.I agree with Mr R W R Farrell and his col-leagues4 that audiological screening for every senior citizen is a utopian dream.But the Peterborough model-using the skills of a specialist teacher of the deaf to screen, retube blocked tubes, change batteries, and counsel lay workers-is worth considering.The skills of the specialist social services officer for the hard of hearing are a valuable adjunct.On our recommendation, seven old people's homes were fitted with a loop system.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and TLR/IL1Rs Unexpectedly Activate Myeloid Cell PI3Kγ, A Single Convergent Point Promoting Tumor Inflammation and Progression
Authors: Michael C. Schmid, Christie J. Avraamides, Holly C. Dippold, Irene Franco, Philippe Foubert, Lesley G. Ellies, Lissette M. Acevedo, Joan R.E. Manglicmot, Xiaodan Song, Wolfgang Wrasidlo, Sara L. Blair, Mark H. Ginsberg, David A. Cheresh, Emilio Hirsch, Seth J. Field, Judith A. Varner
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
TCT-686 Impact of Left Ventricular Remodeling on Clinical Outcomes after TAVR: Insights from the PARTNER I Trial
Authors: Sammy Elmariah, Jonathan J. Passeri, Ignacio Inglessis, Joshua N. Baker, William Stewart, Brian R. Lindman, Ke Xu, Gus J. Vlahakes, Jacob P. Dal-Bianco, Serguei Melnitchouk, Martin Leon, Lars Svensson, Neil Weissman, Philippe Pibarot, Igor F. Palacios
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Let’s re-examine buying the Afghan poppies that are left
Authors: Ilora G Finlay, Lord Mancroft, Frank Field
Journal: BMJ (2008)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies