tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indeterminate Reactors to Tests for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: Leonard H. Calabrese
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1989Indeterminate Reactors to Tests for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Leonard H. Calabrese, DOLeonard H. Calabrese, DOSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-95_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The article by MacDonald and colleagues (1) presents reassuring evidence that positive sequential enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot are highly specific for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) when testing in a low-incidence population, but it tends to understate the importance of the problem of the high frequency of indeterminate reactions. As a physician caring for patients with HIV-related disease, I have had many patients referred for further evaluation because they were found to be ELISA positive and Western blot indeterminate. I have been repeatedly impressed that, even in the absence of recognizable HIV-related risk factors, these...Reference1. MacDonaldJacksonBowman KJR. Performance characteristics of serologic tests for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody among Minnesota blood donors: public health and clinical implications. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:617-21. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH 44195-5028 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIndeterminate HIV-1 western blots 1 July 1989Volume 111, Issue 1Page: 95-95KeywordsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayHIVMedical risk factorsWestern blot Issue Published: 1 July 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Action on Cataracts should influence surgical training
Authors: A. R Fielder
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The management of cataract is one of the spectacular surgical success stories of recent years. Day care is now the norm, and visual rehabilitation is rapid and dramatic. As a result, the uniformly excellent outcome of this technically highly complex eye operation is now almost taken for granted.

In 1998–9 some 170 000 cataract operations were performed in the NHS. But Action on Cataracts , launched by the NHS Executive earlier this year,1 draws attention to the patchiness of services and the long …
Bone Marrow: More Questions Than Answers
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A man's bone marrow, an organ the size of the liver, produces each hour 1010 red cells (give or take a bit), and half that number of granulocytes and platelets. At that, 50 per cent of the marrow is fatty tissue. But with an appropriate stress it all becomes as cellular again as it is in childhood, and its output can increase to many times the normal. By measuring its product, analyzing aspirated samples and studying stained sections, we have learned much, and yet we remain puzzled by some obvious characteristics of the marrow.Why is it always in a . . .
Presidential Address, April 6, 1951: The Diagnostic Significance of Pain
Authors: H. Cohen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

<h3>Background</h3> To investigate the long-term visual and optical coherence tomography (OCT) anatomical outcomes of type 3 neovascularisation (NV) and to identify any baseline predictors of poor outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with treatment naïve type 3 NV were identified and categorised into two groups: good or poor vision based on final vision at 1 year. Baseline demographic features and visual acuity (VA) and baseline and 1-year spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) anatomical findings were studied and correlated with good versus poor visual outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Ten of 25 eyes were classified as having a poor visual outcome (20/50 or worse) at 1 year. Increased age (P=0.049), male gender (p=0.041) and worse baseline VA (ρs=0.61, p=0.001) were associated with poor vision at 1 year. Greater foveal atrophy was noted at 1 year in the poor visual outcome group (p=0.030). Subretinal hyper-reflective material and choroidal thinning were additional features noted more commonly in this group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Increased age, male gender and lower baseline vision may be important baseline predictors of poor visual outcomes in eyes with type 3 NV. The development of central outer retinal atrophy and fibrosis, as identified with SD-OCT, may limit long-term vision in eyes with type 3 NV.
Long-Term Outcomes of Secondary Atrial Fibrillation in the Community
Authors: Steven A. Lubitz, Xiaoyan Yin, Michiel Rienstra, Renate B. Schnabel, Allan J. Walkey, Jared W. Magnani, Faisal Rahman, David D. McManus, Thomas M. Tadros, Daniel Levy, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Martin G. Larson, Patrick T. Ellinor, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Guidelines have proposed that atrial fibrillation (AF) can occur as an isolated event, particularly when precipitated by a secondary, or reversible, condition. However, knowledge of long-term AF outcomes after diagnosis during a secondary precipitant is limited. Methods and Results— In 1409 Framingham Heart Study participants with new-onset AF, we examined associations between first-detected AF episodes occurring with and without a secondary precipitant and both long-term AF recurrence and morbidity. We selected secondary precipitants based on guidelines (surgery, infection, acute myocardial infarction, thyrotoxicosis, acute alcohol consumption, acute pericardial disease, pulmonary embolism, or other acute pulmonary disease). Among 439 patients (31%) with AF diagnosed during a secondary precipitant, cardiothoracic surgery (n=131 [30%]), infection (n=102 [23%]), noncardiothoracic surgery (n=87 [20%]), and acute myocardial infarction (n=78 [18%]) were most common. AF recurred in 544 of 846 eligible individuals without permanent AF (5-, 10-, and 15-year recurrences of 42%, 56%, and 62% with versus 59%, 69%, and 71% without secondary precipitants; multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.78]). Stroke risk (n=209/1262 at risk; hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.57]) and mortality (n=1098/1409 at risk; hazard ratio, 1.00 [95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.15]) were similar between those with and without secondary precipitants, although heart failure risk was reduced (n=294/1107 at risk; hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.97]). Conclusions— AF recurs in most individuals, including those diagnosed with secondary precipitants. Long-term AF-related stroke and mortality risks were similar between individuals with and without secondary AF precipitants. Future studies may determine whether increased arrhythmia surveillance or adherence to general AF management principles in patients with reversible AF precipitants will reduce morbidity.
440. Overexpression of Bcl-2 Prevented MSCs from Apoptosis and Improved Heart Function
Authors: Nan Ma, Wenzhong Li, Catharina Nesselmann, Leelee Ong, Alexander Kaminski, Brigitte M. Pützer, Ren-Ke Li, Christof Stamm, Gustav Steinhoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Objective: Transplantation of multipotent bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for reviving heart functions following myocardial infarction damage. However, survial rate of 1% MSCs transplanted into the myocardium yielded only marginal improvement of cardiac function. In this study, we modified MSCs with antiapoptosis Bcl-2 gene. Cell survival, engraftement, angiogenesis and functional improvement after intracardiac injections were evulated in rat left anterior descending (LAD) ligation model.
A new device for the introducer technique for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement
Authors: J. Giordano-Nappi, S. Ishioka, F. Maluf-Filho, F. Hondo, S. Matuguma, P. Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred method for achieving enteral access for patients requiring long-term nutritional support [1]. The popular PEG pull-through technique is not adequate for patients with obstructive head and neck or esophageal cancer because of the higher morbidity associated with the technique, including the risk of malignant implantation at the stoma. The introducer technique is then indicated as described by Russell et al. [2]. This involves direct puncture of an inflated stomach through the anterior abdominal wall, followed by the introduction of a guide wire and dilation of the newly created tract. The introduction system is removed by peeling it off.
Low prevalence of the intrinsic form of atopic dermatitis among adult patients
Authors: R. Fölster‐Holst, M. Pape, Y. L. Buss, E. Christophers, M. Weichenthal
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly associated with respiratory allergies such as rhinitis and asthma, and a high serum level of IgE. In contrast to the ‘classic’ IgE‐mediated allergic (extrinsic) form of AD, approximately 20% of the patients are reported to show normal IgE levels, lack of sensitizations towards environmental allergens, and absence of associated respiratory allergies. Accordingly, these patients are assigned to a nonallergic (intrinsic) form of the disease. Objectives: In order to define these two forms of AD more closely, 259 adult patients with AD were investigated. Results: After a thorough diagnostic workup there were 18 patients (6.9%), who fulfilled the criteria of intrinsic AD. After follow‐up, four additional patients had developed respiratory allergies or IgE‐mediated sensitizations resulting in an overall proportion for intrinsic AD of 5.4%. Conclusions: Based on these figures the nature and relevance of the intrinsic form of AD deserves further evaluation.
pH-responsive polymeric micelle based on PEG-poly(β-amino ester)/(amido amine) as intelligent vehicle for magnetic resonance imaging in detection of cerebral ischemic area
Authors: Guang Hui Gao, Jae Won Lee, Minh Khanh Nguyen, Geun Ho Im, Jehoon Yang, Hyejung Heo, Pyoung Jeon, Tae Gwan Park, Jung Hee Lee, Doo Sung Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Induction of Immune Tolerance in Hemophiliacs With Inhibitors-Reply
Authors: Nadia P. Ewing
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We regret that the apprehensions of Drs Cattaneo, Gringeri, and Mannucci about induction of immune tolerance may deprive some of their patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors of the great benefit of inhibitor suppression, namely, the ability to be treated successfully for hemorrhages or surgery with the same doses of factor VIII as patients without inhibitors. Unfortunately, one patient, previously anti—human immunodeficiency virus negative while being treated with factor IX complex, seroconverted on a donor-screened, dry-heat-treated factor VIII concentrate, to our shock and dismay. Currently, more rigorously viral inactivated factor VIII concentrates are used in seronegative patients. We compared changes in T4 cell counts in protocol patients with that in other patients. Of 12 protocol patients, four (33%) had rising T4 counts (including patient 7, whose T4 count at the end of therapy was actually 0.8×10<sup>9</sup>/L [854/mm<sup>3</sup>], not 0.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L [594/mm<sup>3</sup>
COMPARISON OF THALLIUM-201 AND TC-90m HEXAKIS-2-HETHOXY-2-METHYLPROPYL ISONITRILE (MIBI) IN PATIENTS WITI1 NEOPLASIA
Authors: A. D. Waxman, G. Rosen, L. Ramanna, M. B. Brachman, A. Plummer, J. Yadegar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Waxman, A. D.; Rosen, G.; Ramanna, L.; Brachman, M. B.; Plummer, A.; Yadegar, J. Author Information
Targeting IRAK1 as a Therapeutic Approach for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Garrett W. Rhyasen, Lyndsey Bolanos, Jing Fang, Andres Jerez, Mark Wunderlich, Carmela Rigolino, Lesley Mathews, Marc Ferrer, Noel Southall, Rajarshi Guha, Jonathan Keller, Craig Thomas, Levi J. Beverly, Agostino Cortelezzi, Esther N. Oliva, Maria Cuzzola, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, James C. Mulloy, Daniel T. Starczynowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors
Authors: Raj N Kalaria, Gladys E Maestre, Raul Arizaga, Robert P Friedland, Doug Galasko, Kathleen Hall, José A Luchsinger, Adesola Ogunniyi, Elaine K Perry, Felix Potocnik, Martin Prince, Robert Stewart, Anders Wimo, Zhen-Xin Zhang, Piero Antuono
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2008)
Anaphylaxis during anaesthesia: diagnostic approach
Authors: D. G. Ebo, M. M. Fisher, M. M. Hagendorens, C. H. Bridts, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Correct management of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia requires a multidisciplinary approach with prompt recognition and treatment of the acute event by the attending anaesthesiologist, and subsequent determination of the responsible agent(s) with strict avoidance of subsequent administration of all incriminated and/or cross‐reacting compounds. However, correct identification of the causative compound(s) and safe alternatives is not always straightforward and, too often, not done. This review is not intended to discuss acute management of anaesthesia‐related anaphylaxis but summarizes the major causes of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia and the diagnostic approach of this rare but potentially life‐threatening complication. Apart from general principles about the diagnostic approach, history taking and importance of tryptase quantification, more specific confirmatory diagnostic procedures are organized on the basis of the major causes of perioperative anaphylactic reactions.
Splenic Imaging in a Patient with Functional Asplenia
Authors: PHILIP G. WAGMAN, HOWARD J. DWORKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 65-year-old woman presented with right upper extremity paralysis and left cerebrovascular accident. A routine complete blood count (CBC) demonstrated Howell-Jolly bodies on peripheral smear, and a liver-spleen scan showed absent splenic sulfur colloid uptake suggesting functional asplenia. A subsequent heat damaged red blood cell study demonstrated a normal sized spleen with preserved sequestering function, thereby excluding anatomic asplenia, vascular alterations, or congenital anomalies in the differential diagnosis of functional asplenia. This case illustrates the use of Tc-99m heat damaged red blood cells as a unique and useful diagnostic aid in identifying the presence and size of a spleen in patients with functional asplenia. It also demonstrates an apparent qualitative separation of splenic functions in processing sulfur colloid and heat damaged red blood cells.
Carbonic anhydrase IV expression in rat and human gastrointestinal tract regional, cellular, and subcellular localization.
Authors: R E Fleming, S Parkkila, A K Parkkila, H Rajaniemi, A Waheed, W S Sly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked isozyme previously identified on the surface of renal tubular epithelium and certain populations of vascular endothelium. This report identifies the regional, cellular, and subcellular localization of CA IV in the rat gut. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated little CA IV expression in stomach or proximal small intestine, but abundant expression in distal small and large intestine. In contrast, CA II mRNA was abundant in stomach, decreased in proximal small intestine, low in distal small intestine, and abundant in large intestine. CA I mRNA was detected only in large intestine. The regional distribution of CA IV activity correlated with distribution of CA IV mRNA. Immunohistochemistry localized CA IV to the apical plasma membrane of the mucosal epithelium in distal small intestine and large intestine. Signal intensity was greatest in colon. CA IV was additionally found in submucosal capillary endothelium of all gastrointestinal regions. Immunohistochemical findings in human stomach and colon paralleled those in the rat. These studies demonstrate pre-translational isozyme-specific regulation of CA expression along the cranial-caudal axis of the gastrointestinal tract. The regional, cellular, and subcellular localizations are consistent with participation of CA IV in the extensive ion and fluid transport in the distal small and large intestine.
Metastatic Melanoma with Indeterminate Primary Site
Authors: George T. Pack
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN A GROUP OF 1,190 CASES of malignant melanoma reported in 1952, there were 29 instances in which the primary site of the tumor could not be discovered.<sup>1</sup>Therefore, it could be said that 2.4 per cent of melanomas had cryptic location of origins, in which circumstances the diagnoses were made by microscopical study of metastatic lesions, usually in superficial lymph nodes. With an enlarging experience now of more than 2,000 cases, the same incidence exists of undetected primary melanomas. In the majority of these patients, the neoplastic disease makes its appearance first in regional lymph nodes, giving the clinical impression of lymphoma, because of the apparent absence of obvious cancer in adjacent skin. Of these 29 patients, only 2 (6.8 per cent) have achieved the status of definitive cures, both for more than a decade (11 and 21 years, respectively). Survival could hardly be expected for patients whose
ABC of oral health: Dental emergencies
Authors: G. Roberts, C. Scully, R. Shotts
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Most oral emergencies relate to pain, bleeding, or orofacial trauma and should be attended by a dental practitioner. However, in the absence of access to dental care, a medical practitioner may be called on to help. Jaw fractures require the attention of oral or maxillofacial surgeons.
238 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR (TGF)-β INCREASES THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON HEPATOCYTES: TWO INTERACTING SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS LEADING TO APOPTOSIS AND FIBROSIS IN THE LIVER
Authors: H. Gaitantzi, L. Ciuclan, P. Godoy, M.V. Singer, S. Dooley, K. Breitkopf
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of primaquine for prophylaxis of falciparum and vivax malaria
Authors: D. Fryauff, K. Baird, H. Basri, I. Sumawinata, None Purnomo, T. Richie, C. Church, A. Richards, S. Wignall, E. Mouzin, C. Ohrt, B. Subianto, B. Sandjaja, S. Hoffman
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
EXPERIENCES OF A HEALTH OFFICER IN PORTO RICO
Authors: ELMER F. OTIS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

We have ground for national pride in the fact that England, France, Germany (not so much so) and Holland have been engaged in colonial business in the tropics for a hundred years, some of them for two hundred years; and yet it remained for American physicians (especially of the Army) to discover more things in ten years than were discovered in the whole two centuries before that time. Porto Rico has been able to contribute a portion to the advancement along these lines. While the island was under military rule an example was given of what might be accomplished by organized effort. We are not to be surprised, therefore, that when civil government was first granted the sanitary work was instituted. It was not until two years ago the first of July that the service was organized as a separate department—with a former Army medical officer, Dr. W. F. Lippitt,
Neonatal Bladder Injury Occurring After Umbilical Artery Catheterization by Cutdown
Authors: Joel M. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Umbilical artery catheterization is a widely used technique for monitoring sick neonates. When it is performed by cutdown, the proximity of peritoneum, urachus, and bladder makes these structures vulnerable to injury. Three neonates experienced bladder perforation that resulted from umbilical artery catheterization by cutdown. The diagnosis was aided by measuring electrolyte levels in the umbilical fluid and was confirmed by cystography. Conservative treatment was successful in one neonate, but two required operative repair of the bladder laceration. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2968-2970)
Cathepsin D and Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1 as Promising Markers of Cellular Senescence
Authors: Hae-Ok Byun, Na-Kyung Han, Hae-June Lee, Ki-Bum Kim, Young-Gyu Ko, Gyesoon Yoon, Yun-Sil Lee, Seok-Il Hong, Jae-Seon Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Induction of premature senescence may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, biomarkers for senescent cancer cells are lacking. To identify such biomarkers, we performed comparative proteomic analysis of MCF7 human breast cancer cells undergoing cellular senescence in response to ionizing radiation (IR). IR-induced senescence was associated with up-regulation of cathepsin D (CD) and down-regulation of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1β2 (eEF1B2), as confirmed by Western blot. The other elongation factor, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1α1 (eEF1A1), was also down-regulated. IR-induced senescence was associated with similar changes of CD and eEF1 (eEF1A1 and eEF1B2) levels in the HCT116 colon cancer cell line and the H460 lung cancer cell line. Up-regulation of CD and down-regulation of eEF1 seemed to be specific to senescence, as they were observed during cellular senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide or anticancer drugs (camptothecin, etoposide, or 50 ng doxorubicin) but not during apoptosis induced by Taxol or 10 μg doxorubicin or autophagy induced by tamoxifen. The same alterations in CD and eEF1A1 levels were observed during replicative senescence and Ras oncogene-induced senescence. Transient cell cycle arrest did not alter levels of eEF1 or CD. Chemical inhibition of CD (pepstatin A) and small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of CD and eEF1 revealed that these factors participate in cell proliferation. Finally, the senescence-associated alteration in CD and eEF1 levels observed in cell lines was also observed in IR-exposed xenografted tumors. These findings show that CD and eEF1 are promising markers for the detection of cellular senescence induced by a variety of treatments. [Cancer Res 2009;69(11):4638–47]
CD117 and Stro-1 Identify Osteosarcoma Tumor-Initiating Cells Associated with Metastasis and Drug Resistance
Authors: Amit S. Adhikari, Neeraj Agarwal, Byron M. Wood, Constance Porretta, Bernardo Ruiz, Radhika R. Pochampally, Tomoo Iwakuma
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates the presence of tumor-initiating cells (TIC) or cancer stem cells in osteosarcoma. However, no study has shown specific markers to identify osteosarcoma TICs with in vivo tumor formation ability. Additionally, there has been a lack of investigations gauging the contribution of osteosarcoma TICs to metastatic and drug-resistant properties. In this study, we have identified mouse and human osteosarcoma TICs using mesenchymal stem cell markers CD117 and Stro-1. These markers were preferentially expressed in spheres and doxorubicin-resistant cells. Both mouse and human cells expressing these markers were sorted and analyzed for their abilities of tumor formation with as few as 200 cells, self-renewability, multipotency, drug resistance, metastatic potential, and enrichment of a metastasis-associated marker (CXCR4) and a drug resistance marker (ABCG2). CD117+Stro-1+ cells efficiently formed serially transplantable tumors, whereas CD117−Stro-1− cells rarely initiated tumors. On orthotopic injections, CD117+Stro-1+ cell-derived tumors metastasized at a high frequency. Further, CD117+Stro-1+ cells showed high invasive and drug-resistant properties and were efficiently enriched for CXCR4 (20–90%) and ABCG2 (60–90%). These results suggest possible mechanisms for the high metastatic and drug-resistant properties of osteosarcoma TICs. In summary, CD117 and Stro-1 identify osteosarcoma TICs associated with the most lethal characteristics of the disease—metastasis and drug resistance—and these markers offer candidates for TIC-targeted drug delivery aimed at eradicating osteosarcoma. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4602–12. ©2010 AACR.