tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular responses to exercise in middle-aged men after 10 days of bedrest.
Authors: V Convertino, J Hung, D Goldwater, R F DeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The cardiorespiratory response to 10 days of continuous recumbency was assessed in 12 healthy men, age 50 +/- 4 years, who underwent supine and upright graded maximal exercise testing before and after bedrest. The decrease in peak oxygen uptake after bedrest was greater during upright exercise (15.1%, p less than 0.05) than during supine exercise (6.1%, NS): from 25.8 +/- 5.2 to 21.9 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/min and from 24.6 +/- 5.2 to 23.1 +/- 4.8 ml/kg/min. The decrease in submaximal work was also greater in the upright than in the supine position ( p less than 0.05). Ventilation volume was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) after bedrest during maximal and submaximal effort in both the supine and upright positions. After bedrest, peak heart rate increased 5.7% and 5.9% during supine and upright testing, respectively (p less than 0.05). The increases in rate-pressure product after bedrest were significantly larger (p less than 0.05) during upright than during supine exercise. These results indicate that orthostatic stress is the most important factor limiting exercise tolerance after bedrest in normal middle-aged men. This mechanism also increases the myocardial oxygen demands during submaximal effort after bedrest. Intermittent exposure to gravitational stress during the bedrest stage of hospital convalescence may obviate much of the deterioration in cardiovascular performance that follows myocardial infarction.
Validity of Urine Glucose Measurements for Estimating Plasma Glucose Concentration
Authors: John T Hayford, Joy A Weydert, Robert G Thompson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Both physicians and diabetic patients have traditionally relied on measurement of glycosuria as an indirect method of estimating plasma glucose concentration to guide adjustment of insulin and diet therapy. Our observations on the correlation between mean plasma glucose concentration with simultaneous urine glucose concentration or excretion rate re-emphasize the limitations of this approach. Although our observations show a significant correlation (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) between plasma glucose concentration and urine glucose concentration or urine glucose excretion rate, the wide confidence limits [95% confidence limits (minimum) ± 150 mg/dl] on plasma glucose concentration estimated from urine glucose measurements limit the clinical applicability of such estimates. Differences among subjects in the renal resorption of glucose contribute to the wide variance of estimates. However, significant variability in renal glucose resorption within individuals is documented, further reinforcing the limitations of urine glucose determinations for reliable estimates of plasma glucose concentrations. Diabetologists need to reconsider the applicability of urine glucose measurements in evaluation of adequacy of therapy and in adjustment of insulin dosage.
Difficulty in swallowing
Authors: H-H Liang, W Wang, C Tiong, C-C Chang, M-T Huang, J-S Chu, C-H Wu, P-L Wei
Journal: Gut (2009)

A 34-year-old man underwent gastroscopy to evaluate episodes of difficulty in swallowing. Gastroscopy revealed suspected extraluminal compression in the oesophageal–cardiac junction (fig 1). History of epigastric fullness was also noted. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a cystic lesion between the left lobe of the liver and the oesophagus. Abdominal CT showed a 3 cm thoracoabdominal cystic mass that appeared to be contiguous with the diaphragmatic crura (fig 2). Laparoscopic exploration and resection of the cystic lesion were performed (fig 3). Removal …
Cytology of islet tumours and hyperplasias associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Authors: C Cavallero, E Solcia, R Sampietro
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT These studies suggest that the tumours and the hyperplastic growths are not related to insulin-producing fcells or to glucagon-producing a cells but may originate from argyrophil- metachromatic or 8 cells which may secrete gastrin.
Do all fractures need full immobilisation?
Authors: Paul Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2007)

As I was about to start my morning general practice clinic, the receptionist told me of a patient who was coming in with an injury and handed me a faxed report from radiology, which stated: “possible fracture of the radial head.” The “possible” suggested it was undisplaced or minimally displaced, so I wondered if it needed treating at all. While waiting for the first patient to arrive and sipping my tea, I checked the orthopaedics texts in my room and did a PubMed search.

I went to the Clinical Queries section of PubMed Central (which is bookmarked on my Firefox toolbar) and used the narrow version of the “therapy” filter (which filters for randomised trials). I entered search terms to describe the condition “fracture and radial and head,” which brought up seven studies. Two of these studies were not trials and three were not relevant (two looked at different types of internal fixation, and one looked at different methods of reduction), which left two that were relevant. I used the most …
Aortic valvulotomy in neonates.
Authors: L H Edmunds, H R Wagner, M A Heymann
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Fourteen consecutive newborns, 1 month of age or younger (mean age 12 days; mean weight 3.5 kg), had aortic valvulotomy for critical life-threatening aortic stenosis.Seven infants died early and seven survived hospitalization.Clinical, laboratory, catheterization, operative and autopsy data were analyzed to determine factors relevant to success or failure.Left ventricular chamber size and operability of the aortic valve and annulus were the most important deter- minants of outcome.All nonsurvivors except one had small left ventricles.All survivors had normal-sized ven- tricles and aortic annuli >5 mm.Left ventricular end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV) were calculated from cineangiograms in 10 infants.Six survivors and one nonsurvivor, who developed ventricular fibrillation before bypass, had LVEDV >35 ml/m'.Three nonsurvivors had LVEDV < 30 ml/m2.Poor peripheral perfusion, severe acidosis (pH < 7.25) and right ventricular hypertension (> 60 torr) were significantly more common in nonsurvivors than in survivors.Seven nonsurvivors and only one survivor either required immediate operation or developed ventricular fibrillation during operation before bypass.Two subgroups of newborns with isolated aortic stenosis are identified.Those with small left ventricular chambers represent an intermediate group between patients with "hypoplastic left-heart syndrome" and nor- mals.Aortic valvulotomy did not save these infants.In contrast, seven of eight newborns with normal-sized left ventricles survived valvulotomy and six remain alive 1.5-6.5 years after operation.NEWBORNS with symptomatic aortic stenosis re- quire urgent or emergency valvulotomy, and mortality is higher than in older infants and children. 1-7Between 1973-1978, 36 children and infants older than 1 month 'have had operation at Children's Hospital of Phil- adelphia for valvar, supravalvar and subvalvar aortic stenosis, and all survived.Others also have reported low mortality.4 6However, in newborns 1 month of age or younger, mortality was 29% and 71% in two series of seven patients each.8' 9This study was undertaken to determine factors that affect survival after aortic valvulotomy in newborns. Methods
Mice lacking the syndecan-3 gene are resistant to diet-induced obesity
Authors: April D. Strader, Ofer Reizes, Stephen C. Woods, Stephen C. Benoit, Randy J. Seeley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The accurate matching of caloric intake to caloric expenditure involves a complex system of peripheral signals and numerous CNS neurotransmitter systems. Syndecans are a family of membrane-bound heparan sulfate proteoglycans that modulate ligand-receptor interactions. Syndecan-3 is heavily expressed in several areas of the brain, including hypothalamic nuclei, which are known to regulate energy balance. In particular, syndecans have been implicated in modulation of the activity of the melanocortin system, which potently regulates energy intake, energy expenditure, and peripheral glucose metabolism. Our data demonstrate that syndecan-3–null mice have reduced adipose content compared with wild-type mice. On a high-fat diet, syndecan-3–null male and female mice exhibited a partial resistance to obesity due to reduced food intake in males and increased energy expenditure in females relative to that of wild-type mice. As a result, syndecan-3–null mice on a high-fat diet accumulated less adipose mass and showed improved glucose tolerance compared with wild-type controls. The data implicate syndecan-3 in the regulation of body weight and suggest that inhibition of syndecan-3 may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity resulting from exposure to high-fat diets.
Degenerated annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc contains collagen type II.
Authors: M Adam, Z Deyl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Collagen has been isolated and purified from the pronase digest of the outer annulus fibrosus of degenerated and unaffected intervertebral discs obtained at necropsy. The mixture of different collagen types has been purified and fractionated by 2 subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatographic procedures according to established methods. Collagen chain polymers were then isolated by molecular sieving. Their reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol followed by agarose chromatography resulted in the separation of 3 major peaks corresponding to gamma, beta, and alpha chains. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides and aminoacid analyses revealed the identity of the isolated alpha-chain as alpha 1(III). Further support for this finding was obtained by immunofluorescence. It is suggested that the presence of collagen type III in the outer annulus fibrosus may be related to intervertebral disc prolapse.
P627Systemic toll-like receptor 9 activation increases mortality in SERCA2a KO mediated diastolic heart failure
Authors: YD Holmen, I Sjaastad, A Yndestad, T Ranheim, K Alfsnes, JM Aronsen, L Gullestad, P Aukrust, G Christensen, LE Vinge
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Systemic inflammation in established HF is clinically relevant as many HF patients have concomitant chronic inflammatory conditions. Repetitive activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) induces chronic inflammation. We used a pharmacological protocol to induce systemic, chronic inflammation in murine cardiomyopathy induced by cardiomyocyte specific deletion of SERCA2a.
Relapsing polychondritis mimicking rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Schlapbach, N J Gerber, P Ramser, F M van't Hooft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A woman with relapsing polychondritis presented with progressive and deforming polyarthritis (but always negative for rheumatoid factor) 14 years before the appearance of typical clinical and histological changes of nasal and auricular cartilage destruction.
Phlebitis
Authors: John J. Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THERE is a growing impression in the medical profession that division of the proximal veins is of doubtful value in the prevention of pulmonary embolism. In recent reviews of this problem the following statements have been made:During the past two decades there has been considerable revival of interest in this procedure as a therapeutic measure with some workers strongly advocating its prophylactic value, particularly in patients with thrombophilic tendencies. More recently, however, there has been a growing evidence of its dubious value suggesting that now after an interval of several decades the second cycle in the status of this . . .
Management of Major Depression in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: David Mischoulon, Rachel McColl-Vuolo, Shauna Howarth, Isabel T. Lagomasino, Jonathan E. Alpert, Andrew A. Nierenberg, Maurizio Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Patients treated in community clinics, particularly those of minority status, may rely more heavily on primary care physicians (PCPs) for the diagnosis and management of depression. We wished to determine how PCPs in a community clinic setting initially manage patients newly diagnosed with major depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 698 patients were screened for major depression by the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R in a community-based primary care health center. Forty outpatients (29 Hispanic) were found to suffer from major depression. A letter explaining positive findings was sent to the patients’ PCPs. Medical record charts were reviewed 3 months later to determine the PCP’s management following the diagnosis. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Of the 38 patients who remained in the study at 3 months, 20 (53%) received no intervention from the PCP by the end of 3 months after diagnosis, and of these, 14 were Hispanic. Five (13%) were prescribed an antidepressant by the PCP. Nine (24%) were referred to mental health services for medication, psychotherapy or combination treatment. Four (11%) were prescribed an antidepressant and then referred to mental health services. Differences between management of Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients were not statistically significant. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Independent screening by psychiatrists in primary care settings may not be adequate enough to ensure appropriate management of depression by PCPs. Possible explanations may include time constraints during primary care visits, patient and/or physician reticence, and insufficient education of PCPs about depression.
Can Ischemic Preconditioning Ensure Optimal Myocardial Protection When Delivery of Cardioplegia Is Impaired?
Authors: Manuel Galiñanes, Vincenzo Argano, David J. Hearse
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Ischemic preconditioning is a potent protective intervention that is effective in all species studied. We have previously shown it to be as effective as cardioplegia; however, we have also shown that their combined use does not afford greater protection than the use of either alone. In the present study we investigated whether coincident ischemic preconditioning could compensate for inadequate cardioplegic protection when the delivery of cardioplegia was impaired, such as occurs in the presence of severe coronary stenosis or occlusion. Methods and Results Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 40 minutes of reperfusion. Four groups of hearts (n=12 per group) were studied: group 1, controls (no intervention); group 2, cardioplegia administered to hearts with a proximally occluded coronary artery; group 3, ischemic preconditioning applied before ischemia; and group 4, ischemic preconditioning and cardioplegia given in combination to hearts with a proximally occluded coronary artery. The postischemic recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure (LVDP), expressed as a percentage of preischemic values, was significantly greater ( P &lt;.05) in preconditioned hearts (64±3%) than in control hearts (24±4%) or hearts treated with suboptimal cardioplegia (43±5%). Hearts with preconditioning plus cardioplegia recovered to an extent similar to that seen with preconditioning alone (59±2%). LV end-diastolic pressure was greater in control hearts (58±4 mm Hg) than in hearts with cardioplegia (41±4 mm Hg; P &lt;.05 versus group 1) despite the incomplete delivery of the cardioplegia; the best protection was observed in preconditioned hearts and hearts with preconditioning plus cardioplegia (24±1 and 26±2 mm Hg, respectively; P &lt;.05 versus groups 1 and 2). Conclusions When the delivery of cardioplegia was impaired, myocardial protection (postischemic LVDP) was better served by ischemic preconditioning. Under the same conditions, the combination of cardioplegia plus preconditioning afforded superior protection compared with cardioplegia alone. These results may be of clinical interest since most patients who undergo surgery for ischemic heart disease suffer from severe coronary artery lesions that can prevent the adequate delivery of cardioplegia.
Occupational disease in the rubber industry.
Authors: J M Peters, R R Monson, W A Burgess, L J Fine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

We have studied mortality patterns in a large cohort of rubber workers. We have examined workers exposed to curing fumes, processing dusts, and industrial talc and have begun to evaluate exposures of these workers in detail. Gastrointestinal (especially stomach) cancer appears in excess in processing workers. Lung cancer is excessive in curing workers. Leukemia is increased generally. All three groups studied for respiratory disease have an increase in disease prevalence which is related to intensity and duration of exposure. Since both an increase in stomach cancer and respiratory disease is seen in processing workers, exposures in this area must be controlled. Since both lung cancer and chronic respiratory disease is excessive in curing rooms, this exposure must be controlled. The leukemia risk is probably related to solvents. Whether this is all explainable by past benzene exposure is unknown. Further studies are planned to refine our knowledge concerning these risks so that occupational disease in the rubber industry can be prevented.
Abstract 5446: Green tea catechin intervention of reactive oxygen species-mediated ERK pathway activation, DNA damage, and chronically-induced breast cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Hwa-Chain R. Wang, Kusum Rathore, Shambhunath Choudhary
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Long-term exposure to low doses of environmental carcinogens contributes to sporadic human breast cancers. Epidemiologic and experimental studies indicate that green tea catechins (GTCs) may interfere with breast cancer development. We have been developing a chronically-induced breast cell carcinogenesis model wherein we repeatedly expose non-cancerous, human breast epithelial MCF10A cells to physiologically-achievable pico-molar concentrations of environmental carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), to progressively induce cellular acquisition of cancer-associated properties, as measurable endpoints. The model is then used as a target to identify non-cytotoxic preventive agents effective in suppressing cellular carcinogenesis. Here, we report a two-step strategy that initially used short-term endpoints that were transiently-induced by a single exposure to NNK and B[a]P. These short-term endpoints were used as targets to detect the ability of individual GTC components to block carcinogenesis. We subsequently used long-term endpoints that were constantly-induced by cumulative exposures to carcinogens as targets to verify and compare the activity of individual GTC components in suppressing carcinogenesis. We detected that a single exposure to NNK and B[a]P resulted in elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to ERK pathway activation and induction of cell proliferation and chromosomal DNA damage. GTC components, at non-cytotoxic levels, were able to suppress chronically-induced cellular carcinogenesis by blocking carcinogen-induced ROS elevation, ERK activation, cell proliferation, and DNA damage in each exposure cycle. Our model may help accelerate the identification of agents to prevent carcinogenesis induced by long-term exposure to environmental carcinogens, thereby safely and effectively reducing the health risk of sporadic breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5446. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5446
What's the Connection? No Easy Answers for People With Eating Disorders and Drug Abuse
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

New York—For therapist Steven Levenkron, MS, "I know what I'm doing" is more than an angry retort uttered by many of the patients with eating disorders he treats. It's a glimpse into the distorted thinking that signals when the illness has sunk to its nadir.
Influence of protein C activation on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in squirrel monkeys.
Authors: M Colucci, J M Stassen, D Collen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Protein C is a circulating proenzyme which, upon activation, exerts a potent anticoagulant activity. Infusion of activated bovine protein C into dogs is accompanied by an increase of circulating tissue plasminogen activator (PA) activity. However, the evidence that human protein C shares a similar profibrinolytic capacity is still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the profibrinolytic properties of human protein C in squirrel monkeys (Samiri sciureus). Injection of activated human protein C resulted in prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time but was not associated with increased fibrinolytic activity of blood. Similarly, activation of endogenous protein C (up to 20-30%) by infusion of thrombin-thrombomodulin complex markedly reduced blood coagulability without being accompanied by an increase of circulating PA activity. The in vivo-generated anticoagulant activity was identified as activated protein C by the following observations. It was neutralized by rabbit anti-human protein C-IgG, was slowly inhibited by plasma but not by anti-thrombin III, was adsorbable on barium citrate, and expressed amidolytic activity. Activation of protein C appeared to be selective since other parameters such as thrombin time, platelet count, fibrinogen, and factor V levels were unaffected by thrombin-thrombomodulin infusion. Infusion of human plasma derived from whole blood incubated in vitro with human activated protein C also did not induce a fibrinolytic response, suggesting that no second messengers with PA-releasing activity were being generated in blood. It is concluded that in a primate, neither the administration of activated human protein C nor the activation of endogenous protein C are associated with an increase of fibrinolytic activity. These findings question the role of this enzyme in the regulation of PA release in man.
Technique for Production of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Howard C. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The precise part played by the kidney and its renin-angiotensin system in the production and maintenance of renovascular hypertension has been a subject of considerable debate possibly since 1898, when two Swedish scientists, Tigerstedt and Bergman,1demonstrated that a saline extract of the rabbit's kidney was capable of producing elevated blood pressure in animals. They named this material renin. The precise part that alterations in renal-artery blood flow play in the production and maintenance of renovascular hypertension has also been a subject of considerable debate, although not for quite as long a time.  In an effort to elucidate the hemodynamic alterations within the renal artery necessary for the production of hypertension of renovascular origin, various operative techniques have been devised. In the operative procedure which serves as the basis for this report, the renal artery of one kidney was anastomosed to the femoral artery in the opposite leg by
CD8α+ Dendritic Cells Are the Critical Source of Interleukin-12 that Controls Acute Infection by Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites
Authors: Mona Mashayekhi, Michelle M. Sandau, Ildiko R. Dunay, Eva M. Frickel, Asis Khan, Romina S. Goldszmid, Alan Sher, Hidde L. Ploegh, Theresa L. Murphy, L. David Sibley, Kenneth M. Murphy
Journal: Immunity (2011)