tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oesophageal acid clearing: One factor in the production of reflux oesophagitis
Authors: C. Stanciu, J. R. Bennett
Journal: Gut (1974)

Oesophageal acid clearing has been measured by counting the number of swallows needed to raise the lower oesophageal pH from 1.5 to 5.0 after instilling 15 ml 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Normal subjects all had a result less than 12, as did asymptomatic patients with hiatal hernias. Patients with symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux tended to have abnormal acid clearance, as did those with oesophageal motility disorders. Acid clearance correlated well with the mean duration of spontaneous episodes of acid reflux during 15-hour continuous recordings of lower oesophageal pH. Abnormal acid clearance was improved by raising the bedhead, by medical treatment for oesophagitis, and by metoclopramide. We conclude that abnormal acid clearing may result from disturbed oesophageal motility and render patients with these disorders susceptible to reflux oesophagitis. However, it also seems that gastrooesophageal reflux may lead to impaired acid clearance, both by creating abnormal motility and by effects on the oesophageal wall, and thus lead to a ;vicious-spiral' oesophagitis. In treating gastrooesophageal reflux, attention must be paid to improving acid clearance.
Increased severity and morbidity of acute hepatitis in drug abusers with simultaneously acquired hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections.
Authors: A G Shattock, F M Irwin, B M Morgan, I B Hillary, M G Kelly, J F Fielding, D A Kelly, D G Weir
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Hepatitis D virus (delta agent) markers were present in 111 (36%) of 308 intravenous drug abusers who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 52 of these having hepatitis D virus antigenaemia. IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) was present in 92 out of 95 subjects tested, indicating that hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infections had been acquired simultaneously. Hepatitis D virus markers were present in three out of four patients with fulminant hepatitis, and in 80 of 223 (36%) with mild or moderate hepatitis compared with four of 29 (14%) of those who were asymptomatic. These proportional differences were significant (p less than 0.001). Hepatitis D virus markers were present in twice as many patients positive for anti-HBc IgM requiring admission to hospital with acute hepatitis compared with outpatients attending a drug treatment centre. Tests on one patient showed complete disappearance of HBsAg, but hepatitis D antigen (HDAg or delta antigen) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were still present in serum samples. All five patients with chronic active hepatitis had hepatitis D antibody (anti-HD) compared with seven of 24 (29%) with chronic persistent hepatitis (p = 0.008). Blocking anti-HD persisted for long periods after simultaneous infections with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus but at lower titres than in patients with chronic liver disease.
The effect of exercise on innate mucosal immunity
Authors: N P West, D B Pyne, J M Kyd, G M Renshaw, P A Fricker, A W Cripps
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The authors conducted a prospective observational study comparing salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme concentration over 5 months (chronic changes) in elite rowers (n=17, mean age 24.3+/-4.0 years) with sedentary individuals (controls) (n=18, mean age=27.2+/-7.1 years) and a graded exercise test to exhaustion (acute changes) with a cohort of elite rowers (n=11, mean age 24.7+/-4.1).Magnitudes of differences and changes were interpreted as a standardised (Cohen's) effect size (ES). Lactoferrin concentration in the observational study was approximately 60% lower in rowers than control subjects at baseline (7.9+/-1.2 microg/ml mean+/-SEM, 19.4+/-5.6 microg/ml, p=0.05, ES=0.68, 'moderate') and at the midpoint of the season (6.4+/-1.4 microg/ml mean +/- SEM, 21.5+/-4.2 microg/ml, p=0.001, ES=0.89, 'moderate'). The concentration of lactoferrin at the end of the study was not statistically significant (p=0.1) between the groups. There was no significant difference between rowers and control subjects in lysozyme concentration during the study. There was a 50% increase in the concentration of lactoferrin (p=0.05, ES=1.04, 'moderate') and a 55% increase in lysozyme (p=0.01, ES=3.0, 'very large') from pre-exercise to exhaustion in the graded exercise session.Lower concentrations of these proteins may be indicative of an impairment of innate protection of the upper respiratory tract. Increased salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme concentration following exhaustive exercise may be due to a transient activation response that increases protection in the immediate postexercise period.
When and Whom To Screen
Authors: Marilyn M. Schapira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 December 1993When and Whom To ScreenMarilyn M. Schapira, MD, David B. Matchar, MD, and Mark J. Young, MDMarilyn M. Schapira, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David B. Matchar, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Mark J. Young, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As Drs. Gambino and Galen have implied, a standard practice of screening for a specific disease may not be an appropriate clinical policy for various reasons: low test accuracy, low disease prevalence, risk associated with follow-up testing, or ineffectiveness of treatment. Although we highlighted the problem of low disease prevalence as especially important, all of the reasons that a screening procedure might not be desirable are applicable to screening for ovarian cancer. As we pointed out, available screening tests have high sensitivities and specificities, but not sufficiently high in the context of a low-prevalence condition. The work-up for ...REFERENCE1. Young RC. Initial therapy for early ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 1987; 60:2042-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1150-1152KeywordsCancer screeningCancer treatmentDecision makingLaparotomyLife expectancyMedical risk factorsOvarian cancerOvarian cancer screeningSpecificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
London complex was fatally flawed, says spending watchdog
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Plans to build a world class healthcare facility and research centre in west London collapsed last year at a cost of £15m (€22m; $28m) because they were ill conceived from the start, says the UK government's spending watchdog.

The Paddington Health Campus, which was proposed in 1998 and approved by the Department of Health in 2000, was meant to replace three run-down London hospitals—St Mary's, the Royal Brompton, and Harefield—with state of the art facilities, in the Paddington Basin. It was also intended to create new research facilities for Imperial College and the National Heart and Lung Institute.

The …
Myositis and acute respiratory infection.
Authors: A R Sovijarvi, O Waltimo, K Sainio
Journal: BMJ (1978)

formulation as blue-coloured, sweet-tasting tablets, and in the fact that it is prescribed for migraine, a relatively non-serious disease.Dixarit is probably regarded as a non-dangerous drug, being stored in places accessible to children, while, by contrast, the antihypertensive Catapres is treated with appropriate respect.We hope that this article will alert doctors prescribing Dixarit so that they can issue appropriate warnings to parents to keep this drug out of the reach of young children.When the size of this problem became known, the manufacturers alerted pharmacists through a letter published in the Pharmaceutical Journal,5 and, more recently, a warning has been incorporated in the label on the standard package for Dixarit.As yet, we have detected no decrease in the rate of new cases, possibly because the new labels did not reach all retailers until late 1977.Probably, however, further measures will be needed, and safety packaging is being considered.We thank those doctors who replied to our questionnaire and thus made possible this survey.
Drugs and the exercise test.
Authors: K. W. Muir, J. C. Rodger, J. S. DeBono, H. McDonald, J. B. Irving
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Although it is recognised that the prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age,' it is not known whether this is mirrored by a similar increase in referral for urodynamic studies.The aim of this study was to determine the association with age of referral patterns and urodynamic diagnoses in women with urinary incontinence.
Altered activity of the nucleotide regulatory site in the parathyroid hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase from the renal cortex of a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism.
Authors: M K Drezner, W M Burch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

A series of clinical studies suggest that the primary defect underlying pseudohypoparathyroidism is an abnormality of the parathyroid hormone-receptor-adenylate cyclase complex of the renal cortical cell plasma membrane. In the present study we compared parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations from the renal cortex of three controls and a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. In the pseudohypoparathyroid preparation the Km for ATP was significantly greater and parathyroid hormone elicited markedly diminished adenylate cyclase activity at a subsaturating concentration of ATP. In contrast, the dose-response effect of enzyme activity to parathyroid hormone was the same in the control preparations, and that of the pseudohypoparathyroidism kidney, at a saturating concentration of ATP. The apparent alteration in enzyme kinetics, however, was normalized upon addition of guanosine 5'-triphosphate to the reaction mixtures. These results indicate that the defect in the parathyroid hormone-receptor-adenylate cyclase complex of the renal cell membranes, in our patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism, is an abnormal nucleotide receptor site of decreased activity. Such a defect may result in partial uncoupling of the parathyroid hormone receptor and adenylate cyclase, rendering the organ refractory to hormonal stimulation.
Long term biotransformation and toxicity of dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles support their use in biomedical applications
Authors: Raquel Mejías, Lucía Gutiérrez, Gorka Salas, Sonia Pérez-Yagüe, Teresa M. Zotes, Francisco J. Lázaro, María P. Morales, Domingo F. Barber
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Noninvasive determination of left ventricular end-systolic stress: validation of the method and initial application.
Authors: N Reichek, J Wilson, M St John Sutton, T A Plappert, S Goldberg, J W Hirshfeld
Journal: Circulation (1982)

End-systolic left ventricular (LV) meridional wall stress is a quantitative index of true myo- cardial afterload that can be plotted against LV end-systolic diameter to give an index of contractility independent of loading conditions.We developed a noninvasive method for estimating end-systolic LV meridional wall stress based on M-mode LV echographic end-systolic diameter (LVID) and posterior wall thickness (PWT) and cuff systolic arterial pressure and compared it to simultaneous invasive LV wall stress derived from micromanometer LV pressure recordings and continuously digitized echograms in 12 subjects (four with atypical chest pain, six with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and two with congestive cardiomyopathy), before and after load manipulation with nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, phenylephrine or saline.Cuff systolic pressure correlated well with end-systolic LV micromanometer pressure (r = 0.89, n = 31, range 96-160 mm Hg) and noninvasive end-systolic stress (0.334 P(LVID)/PWT [1 + PWT/LVID]) correlated extremely well with in- vasive stress (r = 0.97, n = 31, range 36-213 X 109 dyn/cm2).Invasive and noninvasive slopes (r = 0.91, n = 7) and LVID intercepts (r 0.89, n = 7) of the stress-diameter plots also correlated well.Noninvasive stress- diameter plots in nine normal subjects showed a range of slopes of 50-93 X 101 dyn/cm and intercepts of 1.8-2.8cm.Mean basal end-systolic noninvasive stress in 22 normal subjects (64.8 ± 19.5 X 10W dyn/cm2) and 14 treated hypertensives (56.3 ± 26.7 X 103 dyn/cm2) was significantly lower than in nine patients with symp- tomatic aortic regurgitation who had reduced ejection fraction (142.2 ± 53.2 X 10o dyn/cm2,p < 0.01) or four patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (187.3 ± 49.8 X 103 dyn/cm2, p < 0.01), while a mild elevation of stress in symptomatic aortic regurgitation with normal ejection fraction was not statistically significant (91.1 ± 20.7 X 103 dyn/cm2, n = 6).Thus, afterload excess contributed to ejection fraction reduction.We conclude that end-systolic stress may be determined noninvasively and may be a useful approach to quantitation of LV afterload and contractility.
ECG Abnormalities And the Barium Enema
Authors: Harry Resnik
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In the recent article by Eastwood, it would have been desirable to have measured serum electrolytes in each patient on the day before and shortly preceding the radiologic examination.  In some of my patients there has been a significant fall in serum potassium or sodium levels due to the purgation prescribed in preparation for the barium enema. Hence, it is possible that hypokalemia may be a factor in some of the cases with arrhythmias associated with the procedure.
New-Onset Heart Failure Due to Heart Muscle Disease in Childhood
Authors: Rachel E. Andrews, Matthew J. Fenton, Deborah A. Ridout, Michael Burch
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— We undertook the first prospective, national, multicenter study to describe the incidence and outcome of heart muscle disease–induced heart failure in children. Methods and Results— Data were collected on patients admitted to a hospital through 2003 with a first episode of heart failure in the absence of congenital heart disease. All 17 pediatric cardiac centers in the United Kingdom and Ireland participated. Follow-up data were obtained to a minimum of 1 year. The incidence was 0.87/100 000 population &lt;16 years (n=104; 53 girls; 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 1.05 per 100 000). Median age at presentation was 1 year, with 82% in New York Heart Association class III to IV. Causes of heart failure included dilated cardiomyopathy (50 idiopathic, 8 familial), probable myocarditis (23), occult arrhythmia (7), anthracycline toxicity (5), metabolic disease (4), left ventricular noncompaction (3), and other (4). Overall 1-year survival was 82%, and event (death or transplantation)-free survival was 66%. Regression analysis showed older age and reduced systolic function on admission echocardiogram increased the event risk. Only 8% of event-free survivors (n=69) remained in New York Heart Association class III to IV, but 35 required readmission during the study period, and all but 8 remained on medication. Conclusions— This first national prospective study of new-onset heart failure in children has shown an incidence of 0.87/100 000. Multivariable analysis of survival data indicates a better outcome for younger children and for those with better systolic function at presentation, but overall, one third of children die or require transplantation within 1 year of presentation.
Androgen deprivation therapy is ineffective for early prostate cancer, US study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Men with early prostate cancer who are treated with androgen deprivation therapy instead of surgery or radiation therapy show no reduction in mortality compared with those who receive no treatment, a retrospective analysis of US cancer registries has shown.1

“This study is the most comprehensive study on the effectiveness of primary androgen deprivation therapy for men who forgo radiation and surgery for their localized prostate cancer, and it tells us there is no strong reason to use it in most patients,” said Arnold Potosky, lead author and professor of oncology and director of health services research at the Georgetown …
Differential expression of lumican and fatty acid binding protein-1: New insights into the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Michael Charlton, Kimberly Viker, Anuradha Krishnan, Schuyler Sanderson, Bart Veldt, A. J. Kaalsbeek, Michael Kendrick, Geoffrey Thompson, Florencia Que, James Swain, Michael Sarr
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The basis of hepatocellular injury and progressive fibrosis in a subset of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is poorly understood. We sought to identify hepatic proteins that are differentially abundant across the histologic spectrum of NAFLD. Hepatic protein abundance was measured in liver samples from four groups (n = 10 each) of obese (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) patients: (1) obese normal group (normal liver histology), (2) simple steatosis (SS), (3) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-mild (steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 0-1), and (4) NASH-progressive (steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 2-4). Hepatic peptides were analyzed on an API Qstar XL quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer using Analyst QS software. Linear trends tests were performed and used to screen for differential abundance. Nine known proteins were expressed with differential abundance between study groups. For seven proteins differential abundance is likely to have been on the basis increased hepatic lipid content and/or inflammation. Lumican, a 40-kDa keratin sulfate proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibril assembly and activates transforming growth factor-beta and smooth muscle actin, was expressed similarly in obese normal and SS but was overexpressed in a progressive manner in NASH-mild versus SS (124%, P < 0.001), NASH-progressive versus NASH-mild (156%, P < 0.001) and NASH-progressive versus obese normal (178%, P < 0.001). Fatty acid binding protein-1 (FABP-1), which is protective against the detergent effects of excess free fatty acids, facilitates intracellular free fatty acid transport and is an important ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated transcription, was overexpressed in SS when compared to the obese normal group (128%, P < 0.001), but was paradoxically underexpressed in NASH-mild versus SS (73%, P < 0.001), NASH-progressive versus NASH-mild (81%, P < 0.001), and NASH-progressive versus obese normal (59%, P < 0.001).Histologically progressive NAFLD is associated with overexpression of lumican, an important mediator of fibrosis in nonhepatic tissues, whereas FABP-1 is paradoxically underexpressed in NASH, suggesting a new potential mechanism of lipotoxicity in NAFLD. Further studies are needed to determine the biologic basis of lumican and/or FABP-1 dysregulation in NAFLD.
Six month clinical and angiographic follow-up of stenting without anticoagulation: The Ticlopidine Aspirin Stent Evaluation (TASTE) study
Authors: Jean-Marc Lablanche, Eugène P. Mc Fadden, Eric Van Belle, Nicolas Danchin, Gilles Grollier, Martial Hamon, Christophe Bauters, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Heart failure is in need of a diagnosis
Authors: G. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2009)

How attractive to have a syndrome where the clinical findings are “right” and the tests are “wrong.” In heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HEFNEF), the presentation is consistent with heart failure but echocardiography does not fully agree. Sanderson and Yip advance that this results from predictable pathology with a well understood prognosis.1

But the loss of rotational and longitudinal architecture occurs …
INTERPRETATION OF THE SCHICK REACTION IN RECRUITS FOR THE NATIONAL ARMY
Authors: ABRAHAM ZINGHER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Occasional outbreaks of diphtheria in military camps, and the possibility of preventing them by utilizing the more recent advances in the prophylaxis against this disease, have caused us to apply the Schick test to the recruits for the National Army on their admission to Camp Upton, Yaphank, L. I. Over 2,500 men have thus far been tested. Owing, however, to the assignment of the recruits, within forty-eight hours, to different regiments scattered over the camp, it was found necessary to discontinue making the test at the time of the primary physical examination. The test will be applied later, when it can be more conveniently done, to all the members of each regiment.  During the past four years an increasing number of hospitals and various institutions have adopted the Schick test as a routine procedure for determining the susceptibility or immunity of children and adults to diphtheria. In children the test
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 and Neonatal Compensatory Lung Growth after Exposure to 95% Oxygen
Authors: Robert P. Jankov, Xiaoping Luo, Ann Campbell, Rosetta Belcastro, Judy Cabacungan, Leslie Johnstone, Helena Frndova, Stephen J. Lye, A. Keith Tanswell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Neonatal rats exposed to 95% oxygen (O2) for 7 days from birth had inhibited lung growth, DNA synthesis, and secondary septation. These parameters were rapidly restored by a period of recovery in air. Northern and Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to screen for the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGF-R1) and its high affinity ligand, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which could have a role in this recovery process. Expression of bFGF in the lung was significantly reduced at the end of the 7-day exposure to 95% O2 and was increased after 3 days of recovery in air. Expression of FGF-R1 was not affected by exposure to 95% O2 or recovery in air. We hypothesized that the increase in bFGF after removal from 95% O2, acting through the FGF-R1, would be critical for compensatory growth. Intraperitoneal injection of soluble truncated FGF-R1 at the onset of the recovery phase arrested compensatory lung DNA synthesis and secondary septation seen in control animals after 3 days of recovery, confirming a role for FGF-R1 in this model of compensatory neonatal lung growth.
John Warburton Thompson
Authors: G. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

John Warburton Thompson loved medicine. Born in Guy’s Hospital, London, he attended the City of London School as choral scholar at the Temple Choir. He attended the London Hospital in 1943 as a Price scholar and did national service in the Royal Air Force Medical Corps in Sri Lanka. His pharmacology career started as a research assistant in the department of applied pharmacology at the medical unit of University College Hospital and the department of pharmacology at UCL. He set up the department of pharmacology with Professor Sir William Paton at the Royal College of Surgeons, where …