tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythrocyte Binding Protein PfRH5 Polymorphisms Determine Species-Specific Pathways of Plasmodium falciparum Invasion
Authors: Karen Hayton, Deepak Gaur, Anna Liu, Jonathan Takahashi, Bruce Henschen, Subhash Singh, Lynn Lambert, Tetsuya Furuya, Rachel Bouttenot, Michelle Doll, Fatima Nawaz, Jianbing Mu, Lubin Jiang, Louis H. Miller, Thomas E. Wellems
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2008)
Immunology and Immunologic Diseases of the Lung
Authors: L. Jack Faling
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Immunology and Immunologic Diseases of the Lung</i>, edited by Ronald P. Daniele, MD, is an important addition to the many books on pulmonary medicine. The explosive growth of knowledge in immunology during the past few decades and the recognition that the lung is a key player in many immunologic disorders justify the assembly of this material as a single text. Dr Daniele is joined by 37 contributors, many of whom are recognized experts in immunology and/or pulmonary medicine. The book is subdivided into three main sections. The first deals with the structure and function of the lung's immune system and for nonimmunologists will be the most difficult to read, since it explores fundamental aspects of the immune system in general and as it specifically relates to the lung. Nevertheless, the chapters are succinctly and clearly written, although the biochemistry of the human complement system in chapter 7 is too detailed
Reduced density and morphologic alteration of Ia and ADPase positive Langerhans cells after low-protein diet
Authors: M. GHAZNAWIE, J.M. PAPADIMITRIOU, P.J. HEENAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

This study examined the effects of low‐protein diet on the population density, morphology and histochemical characteristics of Langerhans cells. Weaned at 18 days old, BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: one group received a high‐protein diet (20% casein) and the other was fed an isocaloric low‐protein diet (caesin 4%). After 14 days, the mice were killed and the skin of the ears was removed for investigation. Langerhans cells were visualized using ADPase and anti‐la immunoperoxidase techniques. In protein malnourished mice, the density of ADPase and la‐positive Langerhans cells was significantly reduced, while morphometric assessment of their cross‐sectional area showed a significant reduction of total cell area, cell body area and degree of arborization. Quantitative cytophotometric analysis revealed a reduction of ADPase ectoenzyme activity and decreased concentration of membrane Ia antigen. We postulate that these changes affect Langerhans cell functions, and in turn influence the immune mechanisms in the skin.
Proliferation of Certification in Medical Specialties: Productive or Counterproductive
Authors: Robert A. Chase
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In a recent discussion of the profession's responsibility for assuring physician competence, I expressed concern that our present era of superspecialization might create "mandatory overqualification for the health care task at hand."1 That generic statement deserves explanation and clarification for my meaning to be understood. The "task at hand" is to improve the quality of health care. Quality of health care for a selected individual patient is not equatable to quality of care for a population. The case may be made that proliferation of certification in medical specialties may be counterproductive in terms of health care for the United States . . .
A Prospective Study of Meat and Fat Intake in Relation to Small Intestinal Cancer
Authors: Amanda J. Cross, Michael F. Leitzmann, Amy F. Subar, Frances E. Thompson, Albert R. Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Diets high in red and processed meats are associated with carcinogenesis of the large intestine, but no prospective study has examined meat and fat intake in relation to cancer of the small intestine. We prospectively investigated meat and fat intakes, estimated from a food frequency questionnaire, in relation to small intestinal cancer among half a million men and women enrolled in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). During up to 8 years of follow-up, 60 adenocarcinomas and 80 carcinoid tumors of the small intestine were diagnosed. Despite slightly elevated HRs for red meat, there were no clear associations for red or processed meat intake and either adenocarcinoma or carcinoid tumors of the small intestine. In contrast, we noted a markedly elevated risk for carcinoid tumors of the small intestine with saturated fat intake in both the categorical (highest versus lowest tertile: HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.62–6.25) and continuous data (HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.79–7.74 for each 10-g increase in intake per 1,000 kcal). Our findings suggest that the positive associations for meat intake reported in previous case-control studies may partly be explained by saturated fat intake.[Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9274–9]
In vivo transfection of cis element “decoy” against nuclear factor- κB binding site prevents myocardial infarction
Authors: Ryuichi Morishita, Toshiko Sugimoto, Motokuni Aoki, Iwao Kida, Naruya Tomita, Atsushi Moriguchi, Kazuhiro Maeda, Yoshiki Sawa, Yasufumi Kaneda, Jitsuo Higaki, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Kathleen Mary McPhillips (nee Casey)
Authors: C. M. Hapnes
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Advocate of evidence based health care who led moves to reduce medical errors and improve patient safetyThe death of John Eisenberg, who was director of the United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), leaves a void in the international healthcare research and quality movement.A man of seemingly boundless energy, John died from a brain tumour, first diagnosed over a year ago.Until the last few weeks of his life, he kept up a full workload, while his gracious family, friends, colleagues, coworkers, and people whom he had mentored in the United States and around the world came to see him.During his tenure (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) as AHRQ head in what sadly proved the twilight of his life, John's accomplishments were amazingly multifaceted (www.ahrq.gov/news/jme/index.html).He enthusiastically built a rock-solid evidence based practice centre (EPC) programme.The programme got rolling shortly after he assumed his position.At the time of his death, 12 centres in the United States and Canada had generated 56 evidence reports.As John envisaged these centres, they addressed areas in medicine marked by broad practice variation and uncertain value.He was adamant that the evidence reports should not go beyond the data and that users should take the findings to carve out their own health quality initiatives or guidelines.AHRQ's mission was to address high cost, big ticket items for Medicare.Concerned that limited healthcare dollars could be tossed to the wind, the EPC programme was one of a slew of vehicles that John used to help teach people how to disseminate best practices, identify problems in practice, and move ahead to a higher quality of care."The force of his talent, personality, intellect, and leadership elevated both the office and the field," said Alan M Garber, staff physician at the VA Palo Alto Health Care System and director of the Center for Health Policy at Stanford University."By making AHRQ the federal leader in quality improvement and patient safety, he made the lives of millions of Americans better in a direct and tangible way.He was a warm and
Effect of the Teen Driving Plan on the Driving Performance of Teenagers Before Licensure
Authors: Jessica H. Mirman, Allison E. Curry, Flaura K. Winston, Wenli Wang, Michael R. Elliott, Maria T. Schultheis, Megan C. Fisher Thiel, Dennis R. Durbin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Many studies have failed to show an effect of parent-supervised practice driving on the driving performance of teenagers; nevertheless, most Graduated Driver Licensing programs have provisions that require supervised practice.To determine whether a web-based intervention, the Teen Driving Plan (TDP), can improve the driving performance of teenagers before licensure as measured by the Teen On-road Driving Assessment (tODA).Randomized, single-blind, clinical trial among 217 dyads (1 parent: 1 teenaged learner's-permit holder) to test TDP effectiveness on increasing the quantity and diversity of supervised practice and improving the teenagers' prelicensed driving performance. The study was conducted from December 2011 through January 2013 in Southeastern Pennsylvania.Dyads were randomized (3:2) to receive the TDP or the Pennsylvania driver's manual (control group). The TDP is a psychoeducational intervention designed to increase the quantity and diversity of parent-supervised practice. Materials are grouped by the following driving environments: empty parking lots, suburban residential streets, intermediate (1- or 2-lane) roads, highways, rural roads with curves and elevation changes, and commercial districts.The main outcomes were self-reported practice driving across 6 environments and 2 conditions and driving performance as measured by the teenagers' completion of the standardized and validated tODA 24 weeks after enrollment. Certified professional driving evaluators blinded to randomization status terminated the tODA if they determined that the teenager could not safely complete it. We examined mean differences in the quantity of supervised practice, differences in the overall proportion of teenagers in each group that had assessments terminated for unsafe driving, and the point of termination during the assessment.The TDP dyads reported more practice in 5 of the 6 environments and at night and in bad weather compared with the control dyads. Overall, 5 of 86 TDP teenagers (6%) had the tODA terminated compared with 10 of 65 control teenagers (15%) (risk difference [TDP - control], -9% [95% CI, -21% to 2%]; P = .06). The hazard ratio for exposure to TDP was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.12-1.03; P = .05, log-rank test).Preliminary evidence suggests that the TDP improves supervised practice and the driving performance of prelicensed teenaged drivers. Future studies can explore how to revise the TDP to enhance the treatment effect and how best to disseminate the TDP without compromising implementation fidelity.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01498575.
Hepatic Tumors in the Guppy (Lebistes reticulatus) Induced by Aflatoxin B1, Dimethylnitrosamine, and 2-Acetylaminofluorene2
Authors: Shigeaki Sato, Taijiro Matsushima, Noritake Tanaka, Takashi Sugimura, Fumio Takashima
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Guppies (Lebistes reticulatus) were fed 0.6 mg aflatoxin B1, 480 mg dimethylnitrosamine, or 30 mg 2-acetylaminofluorene/100 g powdered diet for several months. These carcinogens induced hepatic damage, hyperplastic nodules, and tumors of the liver, together with damage and tumorous lesions of other organs. Among fish receiving aflatoxin B1, 2 of 5 had hepatic tumors after 9 months and 7 of 11 after 11 months. Hepatic tumors were found after 13 months in 2 of 20 fish given dimethylnitrosamine. The latter also had granulomatous kidney lesions and leiomyosarcoma in the mesentery. With 2-acetylaminofluorene, 1 of 3 fish developed hepatic tumors after 11 months and 3 of 13 fish after 13 months. Carcinogenesis in a small fish such as the guppy provides a suitable model for simplifying carcinogenic experiments, and the possibility of use of these fish to screen environmental carcinogens is discussed.
Clinical and Laboratory Studies of Ninety-One Workers with Apical Systolic Murmurs
Authors: Irving Norman Wolfson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE attitude of the medical profession toward systolic murmurs of the heart has been one of great inconsistency. In former years, many physicians thought that the presence of such a murmur was indicative of heart disease. The opposite attitude is expressed in the frequently quoted statement of Mackenzie that the physician would do well to throw away his stethoscope while evaluating cardiac murmurs. In an attempt to investigate the significance of apical systolic murmurs, 91 workers with this lesion were studied clinically, as well as with x-ray films and electrocardiograms. The results are reported below.The solution of this problem . . .
Cognitive enhancement by drugs in health and disease
Authors: Masud Husain, Mitul A. Mehta
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2010)

Attempts to improve cognitive function in patients with brain disorders have become the focus of intensive research efforts. A recent emerging trend is the use of so-called cognitive enhancers by healthy individuals. Here, we consider some of the effects - positive and negative - that current drugs have in neurological conditions and healthy people. We conclude that, to date, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated relatively modest overall effects, most probably because of substantial variability in response both across and within individuals. We discuss biological factors that might account for such variability and highlight the need to improve testing methods and to extend our understanding of how drugs modulate specific cognitive processes at the systems or network level.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Defining the Scope of Implied Consent in the Emergency Department”
Authors: Mark A. Graber, Raul B. Easton
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

"Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Defining the Scope of Implied Consent in the Emergency Department”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 7(12), pp. W3–W4
Abstract 295: Urine and serum biomarkers of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Brian M. Nolen, William Grizzle, Randall Brand, Anna E. Lokshin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The clinical management of pancreatic cancer is severely hampered by the absence of effective screening tools. Sixty seven candidate biomarkers were evaluated in prediagnostic sera obtained from cases of pancreatic cancer enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). The multimarker panel of CA 19-9, OPN, and OPG, previously shown to be useful in retrospective samples, demonstrated markedly diminished performance in the PLCO cohort. CA 19-9, CEA, NSE, bHCG, and CEACAM1were significantly elevated in sera obtained from cases greater than 1 year prior to diagnosis. Levels of CA 19-9, CA 125, CEA, PRL, and IL-8 were negatively correlated with time to diagnosis. When the entire PLCO set was used for training at a specificity (SP) of 95%, a panel consisting of CA 19-9, CEA, and Cyfra 21-1 provided sensitivity (SN) levels of 33.3% in samples collected &amp;gt;1 year prior to diagnosis compared to SN levels of 23.8% for CA 19-9 alone in the same sample sets. Further study performed using pooled PLCO samples identified 25 candidate biomarkers demonstrating significantly altered expression in pre-diagnostic serum samples. Robust performance of 3 of these biomarkers, GM-CSF, fibronectin, HCG, and SHBG was validated in individual PLCO samples. Next, performance of most promising serum biomarkers was assessed in case/control urine samples and in urine samples from a prospective Shanghai clinical trial. In each setup, better performance of urine biomarkers in comparison with serum counterparts was determined. A biomarker panel comprised of urine CA 19-9, leptin, OPN, and IL-8 had a SN=39% at a SP of 95% in Shanghai samples. These results warrant further studies to develop early detection tests for PDAC with high levels of sensitivity. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Brian M. Nolen, William Grizzle, Randall Brand, Anna E. Lokshin. Urine and serum biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-295
IMPACT OF EARLY VERSUS LATE MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION ASSESSED BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ON LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Suzanne De Waha, Steffen Desch, Ingo Eitel, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Norethisterone oenanthate as an injectable contraceptive: use of a modified dose schedule.
Authors: O F Giwa-Osagie, J Savage, J R Newton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Norethisterone oenanthate (NET-OEN) was given as an injectable contraceptive to 295 healthy women over 1606 woman-months. A modified injection schedule was used. There were no pregnancies, and the 12-month, life-table, use-related discontinuation rate was 39.1/100 users. Menstrual disturbance (10.8/100 women), minor side effects (13.5/100 women), and personal reasons (12.0/100 women) were the main causes of use-related discontinuation. There was no difference in use-related discontinuation rates between women receiving their first injection during a normal menstrual period and those receiving it immediately after a pregnancy. There were no serious side effects. The use of NET-OEN in certain groups of women is recommended, particularly in those in need of highly effective contraception, who cannot or do not wish to take oral contraceptives, who are lactating, or who are awaiting hospital admission for sterilisation.
Vandals at the Gate of Medicine: Historic Perspectives on the Battle Over Health Care Reform
Authors: Jane M. Orient
Journal: JAMA (1995)

According to an old Cuban proverb, "<i>Camarón que se duerme, se lo lleva la corriente</i>" (shrimp that sleep are swept away by the current). Some physicians may find Dr Faria's wake-up call as welcome as a blast of Arctic wind. In his view, the current policy of most medical organizations—"nonconfrontation and cooperation"—could make them, in effect, accomplices of the barbarians. From Faria's historic perspective, the currents that some consider the wave of the future are as old as the Code of Hammurabi. Because of the threat of severe government reprisals, the most knowledgeable physicians in the civilized world at that time recommended against treating patients—the ultimate "defensive medicine." As an example of a leader who forestalled imminent collapse in a time of crisis, Faria points to Diocletian. Although he subdued military enemies and reestablished law and order, his domestic "reforms" accelerated the corrosion of the foundations of the Roman Republic.
Dipyridamole for Proteinuria Suppression
Authors: Keika Kan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

DIPYRIDAMOLE is said to reduce platelet adhesiveness and thrombus formation<sup>1</sup>and to be effective in preventing glomerular lesions when used in combination with anticoagulants.<sup>2</sup>We tested it alone in a patient with proliferative glomerulonephritis and found that it corrected proteinuria. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of proteinuria and hematuria on Feb 29, 1972. He had been well until about three months before, when he had proteinuria (1 + ) at the time of periodical examination. A month before admission he caught a cold. Several weeks later he noticed hematuria and visited the hospital. He denied having had recurrent tonsillitis. The temperature was 36.0 C (96.8 F) and the pulse rate was 72 beats per minute. The blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. Results of physical examination were normal. The urine gave 3+ test for protein; the sediment contained abundant red blood cells (RBCs)
Saposin C is required for lipid presentation by human CD1b
Authors: Florian Winau, Vera Schwierzeck, Robert Hurwitz, Natascha Remmel, Peter A Sieling, Robert L Modlin, Steven A Porcelli, Volker Brinkmann, Masahiko Sugita, Konrad Sandhoff, Stefan H E Kaufmann, Ulrich E Schaible
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Activation of basophils by the double‐stranded <scp>RNA</scp> poly(A:U) exacerbates allergic inflammation
Authors: A. Ramadan, L. Pham Van, F. Machavoine, C. Dietrich, M. Alkan, H. Karasuyama, E. Schneider, M. Dy, N. Thieblemont
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background It is commonly acknowledged that asthma is exacerbated by viral infections. On the other hand, basophil infiltration of lung tissues has been evidenced postmortem in cases of fatal disease, raising the question of a possible link between these two observations. Objectives Herein, we addressed the relationship between asthma exacerbation by viral infection and basophil activation and expansion by investigating how stimulation with the ds RNA polyadenylic/polyuridylic acid [poly(A:U)] affected basophil activities and recruitment in an allergic airway inflammation model. Methods The effect of ds RNA on basophils was assessed by measuring the cytokine levels produced upon stimulation. We used an OVA ‐induced experimental model of allergic asthma. Airway hyperreactivity, recruitment of infiltrating cells, and cytokine production were determined in the lung of mice having received poly(A:U), as compared with untreated controls. The exacerbating effect of basophils was assessed both by adoptive transfer of poly(A:U)‐treated basophils and by their in vivo depletion with Ba103 antibody. Results We found that in vitro treatment with poly(A:U) increased basophil functions by inducing T H 2‐type cytokine and histamine production, whereas in vivo treatment increased peripheral basophil recruitment. Furthermore, we provide the first demonstration for increased infiltration of basophils in the lung of mice suffering from airway inflammation. In this model, disease symptoms were clearly exacerbated upon adoptive transfer of basophils exposed to poly(A:U), relative to their unstimulated counterpart. Conversely, in vivo basophil depletion alleviated disease syndromes, thus validating the transfer data. Conclusions Our findings provide the first evidence for airway inflammation exacerbation by basophils following ds RNA stimulation.