tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of cerebral circulation during hemorrhagic hypotension in newborn pigs: role of prostanoids.
Authors: C W Leffler, D W Busija, D G Beasley, A M Fletcher
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The possibility that the prostanoid system contributes to the capability of the newborn piglet to maintain cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate during hypotension was investigated. The effect of hemorrhage on net (arterial-to-venous) cerebral prostacyclin production and the effects of indomethacin on cerebral hemodynamic response to hemorrhage and on the cerebral oxygen utilization following hemorrhage were determined in chronically instrumented, unanesthetized newborn pigs. Hemorrhage decreased arterial pressure about 35% but did not affect cerebral blood flow or cerebral O2 consumption. Hemorrhage was accompanied by an increase in net cerebral 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production from 4.0 +/- 1.1 to 15.3 +/- 4.9 ng/100g X min (mean +/- SEM). Indomethacin treatment of piglets following hemorrhage inhibited the net cerebral production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and caused a decrease in blood flow (approximately equal to 40%) to all brain regions within 20 minutes. The decrease in cerebral blood flow was the result of an increase in cerebral vascular resistance of 57 and 180%, 20 and 40 minutes post treatment, respectively. Cerebral O2 consumption was reduced from 2.5 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g X min to 1.5 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g X min 20 minutes following treatment of hemorrhaged piglets with indomethacin and to 1.1 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g X min 40 minutes after treatment. Six of 8 piglets for whom the data were recorded that were administered indomethacin following hemorrhage became comatose with cerebral O2 consumption of 0.4 +/- 0.1 ml O2/100 g X min by 40 minutes after treatment. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the prostanoid system contributes to the maintenance of cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate during hypotension in the newborn.
The Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gregory A. Nichols, Christina M. Gullion, Carol E. Koro, Sara A. Ephross, Jonathan B. Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The aims of this study were to update previous estimates of the congestive heart failure (CHF) incidence rate in patients with type 2 diabetes, compare it with an age- and sex-matched nondiabetic group, and describe risk factors for developing CHF in diabetic patients over 6 years of follow-up.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 8,231 patients with type 2 diabetes and 8,845 nondiabetic patients of similar age and sex who did not have CHF as of 1 January 1997, following them for up to 72 months to estimate the CHF incidence rate. In the diabetic cohort, we constructed a Cox regression model to identify risk factors for CHF development.Patients with diabetes were much more likely to develop CHF than patients without diabetes (incidence rate 30.9 vs. 12.4 cases per 1,000 person-years, rate ratio 2.5, 95% CI 2.3-2.7). The difference in CHF development rates between persons with and without diabetes was much greater in younger age-groups. In addition to age and ischemic heart disease, poorer glycemic control (hazard ratio 1.32 per percentage point of HbA(1c)) and greater BMI (1.12 per 2.5 units of BMI) were important predictors of CHF development.The CHF incidence rate in type 2 diabetes may be much greater than previously believed. Our multivariate results emphasize the importance of controlling modifiable risk factors for CHF, namely hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, and obesity. Younger patients may benefit most from risk factor modification.
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Executive Summary and Recommendations
Authors: Michael H. Crawford, Steven J. Bernstein, Prakash C. Deedwania, John P. DiMarco, Kevin J. Ferrick, Arthur Garson, Lee A. Green, H. Leon Greene, Michael J. Silka, Peter H. Stone, Cynthia M. Tracy, Raymond J. Gibbons, Joseph S. Alpert, Kim A. Eagle, Timothy J. Gardner, Arthur Garson, Gabriel Gregoratos, Richard O. Russell, Thomas J. Ryan, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Circulation (1999)

HomeCirculationVol. 100, No. 8ACC/AHA Guidelines for Ambulatory Electrocardiography: Executive Summary and Recommendations
A piece of my mind. Dr dad
Authors: R. C. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3148: Translational control of lung cancer: eIF4E over-expression is not sufficient to confer tumorigenicity to human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Joel McCauley, Blake Jacobson, Peter Bitterman, Robert Kratzke, Jonathan D'Cunha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is the leading source of cancer mortality in North America. There is an incomplete understanding of lung cancer tumorigenesis and new therapeutic targets are clearly needed. The role of 5’ cap-mediated translation in the control of cell growth and proliferation has become increasingly evident over the last decade. Enhanced cap-mediated translation has been implicated in multiple human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our group has shown that increased levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) have been demonstrated in NSCLC and in vitro studies have shown that ectopic expression of eIF4E primary mammary epithelial cells enables clonal expansion and anchorage independent growth. Thus, our goal was to determine if over-expression of eIF4E would confer tumorgenicity to both normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), hTERT/Cdk4-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs), and SV40-transformed HBECs. METHODS: Over-expression of eIF4E was stably induced by lentiviral transduction in NHBE, HBECs, SV40-transformed HBECs, and HBECs expressing lung cancer relevant oncogenes. Western blot was used to confirm eIF4E expression. Enhanced cap-mediated translation was confirmed by a cap-binding assay and soft agar assays were performed to determine anchorage independent growth. The stably transfected cells were injected into nude mice and evaluated for tumor formation. RESULTS: Over-expression of eIF4E was accomplished by lentiviral transduction and shown to increase 5’ cap binding by cap-binding assay. Over-expression of eIF4E did not induce loss of cellular senescence in NHBEs. HBECs stably transformed with eIF4E did not exhibit anchorage independent growth. The over-expression of eIF4E in conjunction with p53 knockdown, K-RASV12, and c-myc did not confer in vitro evidence of tumorigenesis or lead to tumor formation in a xenograft model. Finally, the over-expression of eIF4E in SV40-transformed HBECs did not confer tumorigenesis in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Over-expression of eIF4E in NHBEs, hTERT/Cdk-immortalized HBECs, and SV40-immortalized HBECs was not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis. Further, the addition of several key oncogenes did not drive transformation. Additional investigations are warranted to evaluate the important translational regulators in NSCLC tumorigenesis. The resistance to tumor formation seen in this study may provide important insight into the regulatory mechanisms present in bronchial epithelial cells routinely exposed to environmental carcinogens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3148.
Prevalence and Factors Influencing Hemorrhoids, Anorectal Varices, and Colopathy in Patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: S. P. Misra, M. Dwivedi, V Misra
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

See also: Reply to Eleftheriadis and KotzampassiEndoscopy 1997; 29(04): 328-329DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004201 See also: Portal Hypertensive Colopathy: A Recently Recognized EntityEndoscopy 1997; 29(04): 328-328DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004200
67Ga-Citrate Accumulation in a Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Authors: FREDERICK L. WEILAND, ROBERT F. CARRETTA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

From the Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center (AFSC), Lackland Air Force Base, Texas *Present address: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roseville Community Hospital, Roseville, California 95678
Joint learning of ultrasonic backscattering statistical physics and signal confidence primal for characterizing atherosclerotic plaques using intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Debdoot Sheet, Athanasios Karamalis, Abouzar Eslami, Peter Noël, Jyotirmoy Chatterjee, Ajoy K. Ray, Andrew F. Laine, Stephane G. Carlier, Nassir Navab, Amin Katouzian
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2013)
Raised serum S100B protein levels in neuropsychiatric lupus
Authors: C B Schenatto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To test serum S100B protein levels in patients with and without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and controls.87 patients with SLE, 23 with and 64 without neuropsychiatric involvement, and 25 control subjects were prospectively evaluated. NPSLE diagnosis was made according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Serum S100B protein levels were determined with a luminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.Among the patients with NPSLE, 9 presented psychosis; 4, cranial neuropathy; 3, cerebrovascular disease; 1, seizures; 1, chorea; 1, peripheral polyneuropathy; 1, multiplex mononeuropathy; 3, dementia. Serum concentrations of S100B protein were significantly higher in patients with NPSLE (median 0.164 ng/ml, interquartile range 0.113-0.332) than in non-NPSLE patients (0.062 ng/ml, 0.026-0.109) and controls (0.088 ng/ml, 0.013-0.124) (p<0.001). Patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had higher S100B protein levels (p = 0.001). No significant associations were found of lupus activity (among non-NPSLE cases), antiphospholipid antibodies, and reduced complement levels with S100B concentration.Serum S100B protein level is raised in NPSLE, reflecting continuing neurological damage. The association of anti-dsDNA antibodies with higher S100B protein concentration deserves further study.
Integrative approaches to pain management: how to get the best of both worlds
Authors: B. M Berman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Modern medicine has few good answers to the perplexing problem of chronic pain and, as a result, people with chronic pain often turn to complementary medicine. In most cases, people concurrently use complementary and conventional medicine, hoping perhaps to find the “magic bullet” cure but also realising they need to find other ways to cope and to improve their quality of life. A recent study published in JAMA has shown that people often turn to complementary therapies out of a desire to find approaches that are more congruent with a mind-body-spirit philosophy (not merely treating symptoms) and because they want to play an active part in their own healing.1

Nevertheless, the medical profession is often ambivalent about the role of complementary approaches, partly from a lack of knowledge but also from a feeling that good practice should be based on solid scientific evidence of effectiveness and safety, which has been lacking in complementary medicine. As commendable as the scientific approach is, clinicians may be missing the boat by resting their case on the evidence argument and summarily dismissing complementary medicine. Patients are becoming increasingly well informed and want to be treated as partners in their health care but, finding or anticipating ambivalence among their primary care providers, they tend not to divulge their concurrent use of complementary medicine.2 This has important implications for the legacy of the doctor-patient relationship, which should embody mutual trust and shared decision making, and holding …
Polypropylene Monofilament
Authors: Francis C. Usher
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SURGEONS for many years have chosen absorbable catgut suture as the type least likely to produce wound convocations in the presence of infection. A few have preferred stainless steel wire, but the technical difficulties of handling wire has precluded its widespread use. Because of capillary attraction, braided multifilament sutures of silk and cotton harbor infection and may cause persistent draining sinuses. Although catgut has been the material of choice, the riremature dissolution of these sutures in the presence of infection often results in dehiscence or hernia. The ideal suture for contaminated wounds would be a nonabsorbable monofilament that would cause a minimum of foreign body reaction, be noncapillary, and possess all of the physical attributes that go to make a good suture; these include good tensile strength, good knot retention, smoothness of surface, and a certain amount of stiffness for ease of handling. Early this year we became interested in
Pfizer is asked to suspend sales of painkiller
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a move that took experts by surprise, regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have asked the drug maker Pfizer to suspend sales of its cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitor valdecoxib (Bextra).

The US Food and Drug Administration's move comes less than two months after an advisory panel recommended to the FDA that the drug remain on the market ( BMJ 2005;330: 440, 26 Feb).

Pfizer said it …
New Mexico for Consumptives.
Authors: A. Petin
Journal: JAMA (1892)

precepts, in his attempt at a diagnosis.In short, is not the exercise of the senses more instructive than listening to a description of how to listen, see, touch, taste and smell?True, theory is valuable, but "life is short and art is long," and the economic and scientific method, first, last and always, is fact first, then, to what time remains, theory.All this is an attempt to show that we. as teachers, do require every ave¬ nue to clinical teaching to be unbarred.The Cook County is the only hospital, within my knowledge in any country, except Western America, Christian, pagan or agnostic, which does not throw wide open its doors for bedside instruc¬ tion.Imagine a stranger {e.g.. a Winkle), eager with expecta¬ tion, who visits its spacious buildings, full of promise and six hundred patients, with a history of two decades, inquir¬ ing for its accumulated stores of information contained in its pathological museum, its hospital records audits library, etc. Think of the disenchantment of the seeker of knowl¬ edge as the compassionate and sympathizing interne replies : " All the stores you ask for, along with a goodly number of unfortunates, lie buried, and not even tombstones rise to mark the sites."True, during the past four and twenty
VGLUT2-Dependent Sensory Neurons in the TRPV1 Population Regulate Pain and Itch
Authors: Malin C. Lagerström, Katarzyna Rogoz, Bjarke Abrahamsen, Emma Persson, Björn Reinius, Karin Nordenankar, Caroline Ölund, Casey Smith, José Alfredo Mendez, Zhou-Feng Chen, John N. Wood, Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie, Klas Kullander
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Pentamidine for the Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia and Other Protozoal Diseases
Authors: RICHARD D. PEARSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Pentamidine isethionate, discovered to have antiprotozoal activity in 1938, has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Despite frequent adverse reactions, which are at times life-threatening, pentamidine remains an important alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia in patients with a history of allergy to sulfonamides or who have severe reactions or a lack of response to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Although not approved for other indications, pentamidine has been shown to be effective when used prophylactically against Trypanosoma bruceigambiense, the cause of West African sleeping sickness, as well as for treatment of the early hemolymphatic stage of that disease, and for treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis.
Reduced Systemic Vascular Resistance as Therapy for Severe Mitral Regurgitation of Valvular Origin
Authors: CHARLES W. HARSHAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

We examined the hemodynamic response to afterload reduction by sodium nitroprusside in 7 patients with severe mitral regurgitation of purely valvular origin. Lowering of systemic vascular resistance was associated with major reductions in pulmonary capillary mean (29 ± 2 to 13 ± 1 mm Hg) and left ventricular end diastolic (20 ± 3 to 9 ± 1 mm Hg) pressures, while substantial increases were noted in cardiac index (2.2 ± 0.5 to 3.1 ± 0.4 litres/min per m2 body surface area) and forward stroke volume (23 ± 4 to 34 ± 4 ml/beat/m2 body surface area). Angiographic calculations showed significant decreases in regurgitant volume (73 ± 19 to 55 ± 12 ml/beat/m 2 body surface area) and regurgitant fraction (0.70 ± 0.07 to 0.57 ± 0.06). No significant change occurred in left ventricular ejection fraction or heart rate, suggesting that the improved cardiac function was not due to a reflex increase in adrenergic stimulation. These observations support the concept that afterload reduction may be therapeutic in severe mitral regurgitation by reducing impedance to forward left ventricular output, thereby promoting greater forward and small regurgitant fractions of the total stroke volume.
Anti-viral activity induced by culturing lymphocytes with tumor-derived or virus-transformed cells. Identification of the anti-viral activity as interferon and characterization of the human effector lymphocyte subpopulation.
Authors: G Trinchieri, D Santoli, R R Dee, B B Knowles
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

A viral inhibitor(s) is released in the supernate of mixed cultures containing human or mouse lymphocytes and cells from certain lines. The inhibitor is active against a variety of unrelated viruses and is a protein that is not toxic for cells. It does not inactivate viruses directly, but inhibits viral replication through an intracellular mechanism that involves synthesis by the cells of both RNA and protein. These characteristics identify the inhibitor as an interferon. The anti-viral activity is contained in at least two molecular species, of approximately 25,000 and 45,000 daltons, respectively. In addition to the anti-viral activity, the supernates of the mixed cultures display an anti-cellular activity, the inhibition of DNA synthesis and of cell multiplication. The anti-viral and the anti-cellular activities are positively correlated in supernates from various cultures and in partially purified preparations. The human cell population responsible for interferon production is composed mainly of Fc-receptor positive, surface immunoglobulin negative, non-T-cell lymphocytes. The ability of certain cell lines to induce interferon seems to be preferentially associated with tumor origin or with in vitro transformation by certain viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, murine sarcoma virus).
Laminar shear stress up-regulates the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: X QIN, J TIAN, P ZHANG, Y FAN, L CHEN, Y GUAN, Y FU, Y ZHU, S CHIEN, N WANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Laminar shear stress plays critical roles in vascular homeostasis and exerts various metabolic effects on endothelial cells (ECs). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), which catalyzes the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, affects the lipid composition and fluidity of the cell membrane. Thus, we examined the effect of laminar flow on SCD1 expression in ECs.A flow chamber was used to impose a laminar shear stress on a confluent monolayer of human vascular ECs. The expression of SCD1 was examined using real-time RT-PCR and Northern and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of SCD1 in Sprague-Dawley rat arteries, including the sites of arterial bifurcation.Laminar shear stress (12 dyn/cm2, 12 h) markedly increased the gene expression of SCD1 in ECs. The flow-induced SCD1 expression was attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma antagonists both in vitro and in vivo. Troglitazone and rosiglitazone significantly increased the gene expression of SCD1. Furthermore, overexpression of a constitutively active PPARgamma induced the expression of SCD1 in ECs. Immunohistochemical study of cross-sections from rat celiac arteries revealed that endothelial expression of SCD1 was substantially higher on the medial division apex, where the shear stress is high and more laminar, than the lateral aspect, where the shear stress is low and unsteady.These in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that laminar flow increased the expression of SCD1 in endothelium through a PPARgamma-specific mechanism, which may contribute to the shear stress-mediated protective roles in ECs.
The Computer as a Consultant
Authors: Louis M. Sherwood, Edith E. Parris, Howard L. Bleich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

DURING the past year approximately 40 hospitals in 10 states as well as the District of Columbia have begun using a computer program designed to help physicians manage patients with electrolyte and acid–base disorders. The program directs a dialogue during which the physician supplies clinical and laboratory information. When requested data are unavailable the program proceeds with incomplete information. On the basis of the abnormalities detected it then summons further questions as needed to characterize the electrolyte and acid–base disturbances. Upon completion of the interchange the program produces an evaluation note that resembles a remotely located consultant's discussion of the . . .
Bacteriological Studies of the Modified Kiil Dialyser
Authors: D. M. Jones, B. M. Tobin, G. R. Harlow, A. J. Ralston
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Bacterial proliferation in dialysis fluid during haemodialysis may be associated with rigors, hypotension, and bacteraemia. Investigations carried out in a period in which rigors were particularly common showed the source of bacteria to be parts of the gasket system of the Kiil dialyser, areas that are inaccessible to disinfectants.