tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene Glycol versus Sodium Phosphate in Bowel Cleansing for Colonoscopy: a Randomized Trial
Authors: G. Huppertz-Hauss, M. Bretthauer, J. Sauar, J. Paulsen, Ø. Kjellevold, B. Majak, G. Hoff
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: There have been conflicting results regarding the adverse effects of established bowel cleansing regimens. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of three bowel cleansing regimens on subjective well-being, electrolyte balance, cardiac arrhythmia, and the microscopic post-cleansing appearance of the colonic mucosa. Patients and Methods: A total of 231 consecutive outpatients were randomly assigned to receive bowel preparation for colonoscopy with either 4 l polyethylene glycol (PEG; group I, n = 76); 2 l PEG plus 10 mg Bisacodyl (group II, n = 71); or 90 ml sodium phosphate (group III, n = 84). After bowel preparation, the participants completed a questionnaire on symptoms. Endoscopists blinded to the regimen used gave scores for the quality of cleansing at endoscopy, ranging from poor (0) to very good (5). Blood samples were taken before and after bowel cleansing, electrocardiographic monitoring was used during colonoscopy, and mucosal biopsy samples were taken in the sigmoid colon. Results: Bowel preparation in group II was poorer (mean score 3.26) than in groups I (3.88) and III (4.01); P < 0.001 (II vs. III), P < 0.001 (I vs. II). The frequency of arrhythmias and post-cleansing mucosal inflammation was similar in all three groups. Lower serum potassium and higher serum phosphate concentrations were found in group III in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: No differences were detected regarding the effectiveness and safety of bowel preparation with PEG alone and sodium phosphate in individuals without cardiac, renal, or hepatic failure, despite a significantly stronger alteration of the electrolyte balance with sodium phosphate.
Cardiac troponin I. A marker with high specificity for cardiac injury.
Authors: J E Adams, G S Bodor, V G Dávila-Román, J A Delmez, F S Apple, J H Ladenson, A S Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Levels of MBCK can be increased in patients with skeletal muscle injury or renal failure in the absence of myocardial injury, causing diagnostic confusion. This study was designed to determine whether measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a myocardial regulatory protein with comparable sensitivity to MBCK, has sufficient specificity to clarify the etiology of MBCK elevations in patients with acute or chronic skeletal muscle disease or renal failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Of the patients (n = 215) studied, 37 had acute skeletal muscle injury, 10 had chronic muscle disease, nine were marathon runners, and 159 were chronic dialysis patients. Patients were evaluated clinically, by ECG, and by two-dimensional echocardiography. Total creatine kinase (normal, &lt; 170 IU/L) was determined spectrophotometrically, and cTnI (normal, &lt; 3.1 ng/mL) and MBCK (normal, &lt; 6.7 ng/mL) were determined with specific monoclonal antibodies. Values above the upper reference limit were considered "elevated." Elevations of total creatine kinase were common, and elevations of MBCK occurred in 59% of patients with acute muscle injury, 78% of patients with chronic muscle disease and marathon runners, and 3.8% of patients with chronic renal failure. Some of the patients were critically ill; five patients were found to have had myocardial infarctions and one had a myocardial contusion. cTnI was elevated only in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Elevations of cTnI are highly specific for myocardial injury. Use of cTnI should facilitate distinguishing whether elevations of MBCK are due to myocardial or skeletal muscle injury.
Short-term treatment for acute myelogenous leukaemia.
Authors: R Bell, A Z Rohatiner, M L Slevin, J M Ford, H S Dhaliwal, G Henry, B G Birkhead, J A Amess, J S Malpas, T A Lister
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Short-term treatment with doxorubicin, cytarabine, and 6-thioguanine was given to 91 consecutive adults with acute myelogenous leukaemia. Fifty patients received high doses (regimen I) and 41 very high doses (regimen II). Where possible, six treatment cycles were given (total dose of doxorubicin 450 mg/m2) regardless of the number of cycles required to achieve complete remission. No additional treatment was given. The remission rate was significantly higher with regimen I than with regimen II (34/50 compared with 15/41, p less than 0.01), the latter, more intensive regimen being associated with a greater incidence of fatal infection (13/41 compared with 5/50, p less than 0.01). Duration of remission was, however, significantly longer with regimen II (p less than 0.05); the median has not yet been reached after a minimum follow-up of two years. Intensive short-term treatment is a feasible strategy for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia.
Recent Advances in the Biology and Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults
Authors: Andrew D. Jacobs, Robert Peter Gale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

ACUTE lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignant disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes and their progenitors. Although ALL is most common in children, a substantial proportion of cases occur in adolescents and adults. In the past 20 years there has been considerable progress in the treatment of children with the disease, with cure rates of 50 to 70 per cent reported in several large studies.1 2 3 Progress in the treatment of adults with ALL has been more difficult to achieve, and until recently there was general agreement that adults have lower remission rates, briefer remissions, and shorter . . .
International comparators and poverty and health in Europe
Authors: M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Based on a presentation from the Millennium Festival of Medicine Social inequalities in health continue to be a major problem in Britain, as in other countries. Much of the focus has been on health differences among social groups within countries,1 and rightly so, as the research evidence suggests that governments can do much to reduce these inequalities.2 Another sort of health inequality, however, also demands attention: inequalities among countries. Concern is expressed, appropriately, about inequalities in health between rich developed countries and poor developing countries. Less attention has been focused on the gap in life expectancy between the countries of eastern and western Europe; by eastern Europe, we mean the former communist countries of central and eastern Europe, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. We are conducting a programme of research that addresses two types of question: the reasons for health inequalities between the countries of eastern and western Europe and the reasons for inequalities between social groups within these countries.3 Our starting assumption is that the causes of these two types of inequality may be similar. We contend that expanding research on the social determinants of health beyond one social context helps to understand causal relations. Eastern Europe has experienced much greater social change than western Europe. Such change was occurring in the two decades before the political, economic, and social changes that happened after 1989. Studying the health of societies in transition is a fruitful way to observe how changes in society translate into changes in health and provides an opportunity for understanding. Observing inequalities in health in countries with different forms of social organisation presents the opportunity to understand better why health follows a social gradient. This paper explores both these issues. #### Summary points
...Two Organs, One Patient
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

PARTIAL LIVER GRAFTS are also being used as heterotopic transplants to rescue patients from hepatic coma, according to another report in Chicago.  Michael Moritz, MD, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa, said that he and his colleagues had performed a heterotopic partial-liver graft on a 19-year-old woman with hepatitis leading to fulminant hepatic failure. The surgeons had taken an aggressive approach because the patient had progressed rapidly into stage IV coma with elevated intracranial pressure and cerebral edema.  Although the patient's liver was riddled with necrotic hepatocytes, the team chose to leave it in place to avoid the anhepatic phase of orthotopic transplantion during which cerebral hemodynamics and intracranial pressure are difficult to control.  They decided on a partial auxiliary graft because the only cadaver liver available was from a donor who weighed 40% more than the recipient. The team reduced the donor liver by removing segments II and III.  They
The performance of ice-free cryopreserved heart valve allografts in an orthotopic pulmonary sheep model
Authors: Milan Lisy, Juliane Pennecke, Kelvin G.M. Brockbank, Olaf Fritze, Martina Schleicher, Katja Schenke-Layland, Renate Kaulitz, Iris Riemann, Corinna N. Weber, Josephine Braun, Kerstin E. Mueller, Falko Fend, Torsten Scheunert, Achim D. Gruber, Johannes M. Albes, Agnes J. Huber, Ulrich A. Stock
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Turning round NHS deficits: Who says there are surplus hospital beds?
Authors: Peter G Davies
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>1138</b> <b>Objectives: </b>The aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic value of 99Tc-HMPAO-leucocytes scintigraphy in the detection of infection after cardiac or vascular graft surgery. <b>Methods: </b>We prospectively included 16 patients(13 men, mean age 55 ± 10 y) with suspected infection (endocarditis or prosthetic aortic graft) and persistent fever or positive bacterial growth and non conclusive other imaging techniques (CT, cardiac US and or MRI). Planar images were systematically acquired (preset time 10 minutes) at 1 hour, 4 hrs and 24 hrs after injection of 150-180 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO labeled autologous leucocytes. SPECT–CT was performed at 24 hrs after injection (360°, 64 projections, 60 s by step), using a dual-head gamma camera (Millennium VG, Hawkeye,GE Healthcare) equipped with a low-energy collimator, using the 140 Kev energy peak of Tc-99m. A scan was considered as positive if abnormal uptake was found on 4 and 24 hrs images. The positive final diagnosis was assessed by surgery and bacterial growth on cultures after surgery. The negative final diagnosis was assessed by a 6 to 9 months clinical and biological follow-up for all patients. <b>Results: </b>The 4 and 24 hrs images were more useful for the detection of infection. Leucocytes scintigraphy was positive in 7 patients : surgery confirmed infection in these patients. Leucocytes scintigraphy resulted in 7 true positive patients and 9 true negative patients. <b>Conclusions: </b>Our results suggest that Tc 99m HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy is accurate for the diagnosis of infection after cardiac or vascular graft surgery in patients with non conclusive other imaging techniques.
Conjugation is essential for the anticholestatic effect of NorUrsodeoxycholic acid in taurolithocholic acid-induced cholestasis in rat liver
Authors: Gerald U. Denk, Silvia Maitz, Ralf Wimmer, Christian Rust, Pietro Invernizzi, Sacha Ferdinandusse, Wim Kulik, Andrea Fuchsbichler, Peter Fickert, Michael Trauner, Alan F. Hofmann, Ulrich Beuers
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Nor UDCA (24 - nor ursodeoxycholic acid), the C23-homolog of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), showed remarkable therapeutic effects in cholestatic Mdr2 ( Abcb4 ) (multidrug resistance protein 2/ATP-binding cassette b4) knockout mice with sclerosing/fibrosing cholangitis. In contrast to UDCA, nor UDCA is inefficiently conjugated in human and rodent liver, and conjugation has been discussed as a key step for the anticholestatic action of UDCA in cholestasis. We compared the choleretic, anticholestatic, and antiapoptotic properties of unconjugated and taurine-conjugated UDCA (C24) and nor UDCA (C23) in isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) and in natrium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp)-transfected human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) was used to induce a predominantly hepatocellular cholestasis in IPRL. Bile flow was determined gravimetrically; bile acids determined by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; the Mrp2 model substrate, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (GS-DNP) was determined spectrophotometrically; and apoptosis was determined immunocytochemically. The choleretic effect of C23-bile acids was comparable to their C24-homologs in IPRL. In contrast, T nor UDCA, but not nor UDCA antagonized the cholestatic effect of TLCA. Bile flow (percent of controls) was 8% with TLCA-induced cholestasis, and unchanged by coinfusion of nor UDCA (14%). However, it was increased by T nor UDCA (83%), UDCA (73%) and TUDCA (136%). Secretion of GS-DNP was markedly reduced by TLCA (5%), unimproved by nor UDCA (4%) or UDCA (17%), but was improved modestly by T nor UDCA (26%) or TUDCA (58%). No apoptosis was observed in IPRL exposed to low micromolar TLCA, but equivalent antiapoptotic effects of TUDCA and T nor UDCA were observed in Ntcp-HepG2 cells exposed to TLCA. Conclusion: Conjugation is essential for the anticholestatic effect of nor UDCA in a model of hepatocellular cholestasis. Combined therapy with UDCA and nor UDCA may be superior to UDCA or nor UDCA monotherapy in biliary disorders in which hepatocyte as well as cholangiocyte dysfunction contribute to disease progression. (Hepatology 2010;52:1758-1768)
The Societies do Not Send Delegates.
Authors: A Member
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Boston, Sept. 18, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On page 433 of the Journal for September 15 is a statement that every regular State Society,<i>except those of New York and Massachusetts</i>, sends delegates to the annual meetings. The fact is that both of these States<i>do</i>send delegates. Respectfully,
Radioprotection: smart games with death
Authors: Andrei V. Gudkov, Elena A. Komarova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The efficacy of cancer treatment by radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs is often limited by severe side effects that primarily affect the hematopoietic system and the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Progress in understanding differences in the mechanisms involved in the responses of normal and tumor cells to genotoxic stress has led to the development of new rational approaches to selective protection of normal cells, such as suppression of apoptosis by pharmacological inhibition of p53 or activation of NF-kappaB. Another promising approach presented in this issue by Johnson et al. is based on the idea of using pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to convert normal cells into a radioresistant state by inducing reversible cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition. The evidence indicates that this approach is likely to be specific for protection of normal cells and may, therefore, have clinical potential as an adjuvant in anticancer therapies.
Common 5p15.33 and 6p21.33 variants influence lung cancer risk
Authors: Yufei Wang, Peter Broderick, Emily Webb, Xifeng Wu, Jayaram Vijayakrishnan, Athena Matakidou, Mobshra Qureshi, Qiong Dong, Xiangjun Gu, Wei Vivien Chen, Margaret R Spitz, Timothy Eisen, Christopher I Amos, Richard S Houlston
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Synergism between p53 and Mcl-1 in protecting from hepatic injury, fibrosis and cancer
Authors: Shih-Yen Weng, Chia-Yu Yang, Chao-Chin Li, Te-Ping Sun, Shu-Yun Tung, Jeffrey Jong-Young Yen, Ting-Fen Tsai, Chun-Ming Chen, Sung Ho Chen, Michael Hsiao, Pei-Hsin Huang, Hsin-Fang Yang-Yen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Regulation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities by glucose and insulin in human skeletal muscle.
Authors: H Yki-Järvinen, D Mott, A A Young, K Stone, C Bogardus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined the insulin dose-response characteristics of human muscle glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activation. We also determined whether increasing the rate of glucose disposal by hyperglycemia at a fixed insulin concentration activates glycogen synthase. Physiological increments in plasma insulin but not glucose increased the fractional activity of glycogen synthase. The ED50: s for insulin stimulation of whole body and forearm glucose disposal were similar and unaffected by glycemia. Glycogen synthase activation was exponentially related to the insulin-mediated component of whole body and forearm glucose disposal at each glucose concentration. Neither insulin nor glucose changed glycogen phosphorylase activity. These results suggest that insulin but not the rate of glucose disposal per se regulates glycogen synthesis by a mechanism that involves dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase but not phosphorylase. This implies that the low glycogen synthase activities found in insulin-resistant states are a consequence of impaired insulin action rather than reduced glucose disposal.
Methylation-mediated silencing and tumour suppressive function of hsa-miR-124 in cervical cancer
Authors: Saskia M Wilting, Robert AA van Boerdonk, Florianne E Henken, Chris JLM Meijer, Begoňa Diosdado, Gerrit A Meijer, Carlos le Sage, Reuven Agami, Peter JF Snijders, Renske DM Steenbergen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background A substantial number of microRNAs (miRNAs) is subject to epigenetic silencing in cancer. Although epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor genes is an important feature of cervical cancer, little is known about epigenetic silencing of miRNAs. Since DNA methylation-based silencing of hsa-miR-124 occurs in various human cancers, we studied the frequency and functional effects of hsa-miR-124 methylation in cervical carcinogenesis. Results Quantitative MSP analysis of all 3 loci encoding the mature hsa-miR-124 (hsa-miR-124-1/-2/-3) showed methylation in cervical cancer cell lines SiHa, CaSki and HeLa as well as in late passages of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 18 immortalised keratinocytes. Treatment of SiHa cells with a demethylating agent reduced hsa-miR-124 methylation levels and induced hsa-miR-124 expression. In HPV-immortalised keratinocytes increased methylation levels were related to reduced hsa-miR-124 expression and higher mRNA expression of IGFBP7 , a potential hsa-miR-124 target gene. Ectopic hsa-miR-124 expression in SiHa and CaSki cells decreased proliferation rates and migratory capacity. Combined hsa-miR-124-1 and/or hsa-miR-124-2 methylation analysis of 139 cervical tissue specimens showed an increasing methylation frequency from 0% in normal tissues up to 93% in cervical carcinomas. Increased methylation levels of hsa-miR-124-1 and hsa-miR-124-2 were significantly correlated with reduced hsa-miR-124 expression in cervical tissue specimens. Combined hsa-miR-124-1 and/or hsa-miR-124-2 methylation analysis of 43 cervical scrapes of high-risk HPV positive women was predictive of underlying high-grade lesions. Conclusions DNA methylation-based silencing of hsa-miR-124 is functionally involved in cervical carcinogenesis and may provide a valuable marker for improved detection of cervical cancer and its high-grade precursor lesions.
Delivery of Novel Therapeutic Agents in Tumors: Physiological Barriers and Strategies
Authors: Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Delivery of Novel Therapeutic Agents in Tumors: Physiological Barriers and Strategies Get access Rakesh K. Jain Rakesh K. Jain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 570–576, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.570 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 10 February 1989 Accepted: 21 February 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Edwin D. Bayrd
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The finding of a satisfactory method of management for primary macroglobulinemia, and the increasing realization, with time, that the disease was no longer rare, prompted this short exposition of its recognition and treatment.  Common Symptoms  A 52-year-old woman sought medical advice for failing vision. She had had mild, frequently recurring epistaxis for several years, and, more recently, dyspepsia and great fatigue. Severe, intractable anemia had been noted, and the patient had been transfused four times in the preceding three months.  Visual disturbance, due to greatly distended retinal veins and associated retinal hemorrhages, while not as universally present as constant fatigue, is much more significant, as it is highly suggestive of symptomatic macroglobulinemia, especially in association with the characteristic fundal findings. Persistent oronasal bleeding and frequent weight loss are also suggestive. About a sixth of patients will have no symptoms when the macroglobulinemia is first detected (Fig 1).  Usual Signs  As
Modified rendezvous technique with successful reconnection of completely transected common bile duct using combined endoscopic and radiologic approach
Authors: A. Saleem, A. LeRoy, T. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 75-year-old woman underwent emergent Billroth I gastrectomy for perforated peptic ulcer. Postoperatively, she developed progressive jaundice (total bilirubin 13 mg/dL). Abdominal CT scan showed moderate bile duct dilatation and abrupt transition of the proximal common bile duct to a normal caliber, with a small subhepatic fluid collection. ERCP showed extravasation of contrast from the common bile duct into the subhepatic space with no connection to the proximal biliary system ([Fig. 1]). Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) showed complete obstruction of the proximal common bile duct ([Fig. 2]). A biliary drainage catheter was advanced across the obstruction into the subhepatic space.
A FEW CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS DURING AN EPIDEMIC OF VARIOLA.
Authors: J. FRANK McCONNELL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

During a recent epidemic of smallpox in this county, I was able to watch very closely this disease, which privilege is not accorded to the larger number of practitioners. The disease was confined wholly to the Mexican population—who as a rule are unprotected by vaccination—and made the greatest ravages among children under ten years. In some cases vaccination had been performed during early life; and in others more recently, and in the large majority of instances, never. Several extraordinarily severe cases coming under my care, in whom vaccination has been successful, I was curious to note the outcome. Sophia G., aged 15 years, was successfully vaccinated at an early age, scar being quite distinct and typic, and again six weeks previous to her illness. She was taken ill with smallpox, showing all the ordinary symptoms, except as regards pain in back, which was more severe than usual. The attack appeared
A crucial requirement for Hedgehog signaling in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kwon-Sik Park, Luciano G Martelotto, Martin Peifer, Martin L Sos, Anthony N Karnezis, Moe R Mahjoub, Katie Bernard, Jamie F Conklin, Anette Szczepny, Jing Yuan, Ribo Guo, Beatrice Ospina, Jeanette Falzon, Samara Bennett, Tracey J Brown, Ana Markovic, Wendy L Devereux, Cory A Ocasio, James K Chen, Tim Stearns, Roman K Thomas, Marion Dorsch, Silvia Buonamici, D Neil Watkins, Craig D Peacock, Julien Sage
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
EVALUATION OF MITRAL VALVE AREA AFTER MITRACLIP PROCEDURE: A REAL-TIME 3D TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Jun Tanaka, Takashi Matsumoto, Wen Loong Yeow, Kenji Harada, Javier Berdejo, Kentaro Shibayama, Kazumasa Harada, Saibal Kar, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)