tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nephrologist Leonard B. Berman, MD, Dead at 59
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

three most recent submissions to JAMA by Leonard B. Berman, MD, reveal a great deal about this physician, scientist, teacher, and philosopher who died Jan 24 of renal carcinoma a week after his 59th birthday.  First is his learned and highly readable discussion for JAMA 's CONTEMPO issue of the state of the art in nephrology, his primary specialty and a field in which colleagues call him  of the early giants (1982; 247:2962-2965).  Next is his entertaining discussion of the Ritual and Reason of an institutional visit by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) in A PIECE OF MY MIND (1982;247:2278).  Finally, there is his droll, but not unkindly, response to a letter challenging his JCAH submission on grounds that it might mislead private-practice psychiatrists into devaluing the importance of such surveys in hospitals where they work. His reply began: The notion that one short article
Isoprenoid metabolism is required for stimulation of the respiratory burst oxidase of HL-60 cells.
Authors: G M Bokoch, V Prossnitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The formation of oxygen radicals by phagocytic cells occurs through the activation of a multiple-component NADPH oxidase system. An unidentified low molecular weight GTP-binding protein has been proposed to modulate the activity of the NADPH oxidase. The low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins undergo posttranslational processing, including an initial covalent incorporation of an isoprenyl group. To test whether such an isoprenylation reaction might be required for the activity of the oxidase, we utilized compactin and lovastatin as inhibitors of the isoprenylation pathway. Treatment of DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells with compactin produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of O2- formation in response to FMLP or phorbol myristate acetate. Cell viability was not affected nor was normal differentiation of the HL-60 cells into a neutrophil-like cell. The inhibitory effect of compactin was specifically prevented by addition of exogenous mevalonic acid to the HL-60 cells, indicating that the inhibitory effects of the drug were due to blockade of the pathway leading to isoprenoid synthesis. Addition of cholesterol, ubiquinone, or dolichol, which are also downstream products of the isoprenoid pathway, did not override the inhibitory effects of the drug. Subcellular fractions were prepared from compactin-treated cells, and the location of the compactin-sensitive factor was determined by complementation analysis in a cell-free NADPH oxidase system. The inhibited factor was localized to the HL-60 cytosol. These data suggest that an isoprenoid pathway intermediate is necessary for activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This is likely to represent the requirement for an isoprenoid moiety in the posttranslational modification of a low molecular weight GTP-binding protein. Our studies provide support for the involvement of such a low molecular weight GTP-binding protein in NADPH oxidase activation.
It may require another person to deceive oneself
Authors: Jean-Pierre Dupuy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There are other options than the opposition set by Mele between his own account and the strict interpersonal model. The notion of collective self-deception or “social hypocrisy” is discussed and shown to be nonparadoxical. When an individual consciousness lies to itself, there is often a form of “negative collaboration” with another.
THE GENETIC CONTROL OF γ-GLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS
Authors: Stephen D. Litwin, Henry G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

The genetic control of gammaG1-heavy chains was investigated by taking advantage of two recently described genetic antigens, Gm(z) and Gm(y), both produced by heteroimmunization of rabbits with myeloma proteins. These were studied in conjunction with known genetic markers, Gm(a) and Gm(f). The results indicated that among Caucasians there are two major allelic genes, Gm(za) and Gm(fy), coding for distinct varieties of gammaG1-heavy chains. Each of these contains a pair of genetic antigens which are located on different fragments of the chain and can be separated by enzymatic splitting with papain. The different areas of the heavy chains appear to be under the control of the same gene. In Mongoloid populations a grouping of three genetic antigens, Gm(f), (y), and (a), was found on isolated myeloma proteins and normal gamma-globulins indicating the presence of a Gm(fya) gene. The possible genetic events leading to the contrasting Caucasian and Mongoloid genes are discussed. In the gamma-globulin system the occurrence of multiple genetic antigens in different positions of the same heavy chains is the general rule. A better understanding of the relationships between the genes for the gammaG1-subgroup to those for the gammaG2- and gammaG3-subgroup has been obtained through the use of the multiple genetic markers. Strong evidence was obtained for intergenic crossover mechanisms to explain racial differences in the relationships of these genes as well as certain unusual gene complexes found through family studies. Further evidence was obtained for mapping the closely linked genes for the three subgroups in a specific order.
Specific block of the anti-ischemic actions of cromakalim by sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate.
Authors: J R McCullough, D E Normandin, M L Conder, P G Sleph, S Dzwonczyk, G J Grover
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The potassium channel activators cromakalim and pinacidil were recently shown to have anti-ischemic properties in isolated globally ischemic rat hearts. The effects of two reported blockers of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, glibenclamide (glyburide) and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate, on the anti-ischemic efficacy of cromakalim were determined in this model. Buffer-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Pretreatment of these hearts with 60 microM cromakalim significantly decreased indexes of contractile function but caused a significant improvement of postreperfusion function and a significant decrease in release of lactate dehydroxygenase and in end-diastolic pressure. Pretreatment with glibenclamide at concentrations that reversed the preischemic effects of cromakalim (0.05 and 1.0 microM) also significantly reversed its postischemic protective effects. Sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 and 300 microM) had no effect on the preischemic (negative inotropic) effects of cromakalim but completely reversed its cardioprotective effects. Sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate did not reverse the cardioprotective effects of the calcium entry blocker diltiazem. In phenylephrine-contracted rat aorta, glibenclamide (0.1-10 microM) inhibited cromakalim-induced relaxation, whereas sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (10-1,000 microM) had no effect. Similarly, the ability of cromakalim to shorten cardiac action potential duration in guinea pig papillary muscle and to increase outward whole-cell potassium currents in isolated myocytes was inhibited by glibenclamide, whereas sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate was without effect. Thus, both glibenclamide and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate inhibited the effects of cromakalim after reperfusion; however, sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate, unlike glibenclamide, had no effect in nonischemic preparations. These results suggest that sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate is an ischemia-selective inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
1227 LOW PREVALENCE OF DANOPREVIR RESISTANCE IDENTIFIED IN GT1B HCV PATIENTS WITH PRIOR NULL RESPONSE TREATED WITH DANOPREVIR PLUS LOW-DOSE RITONAVIR PLUS PEGIFNα-2A(40KD)/RBV FOR 12 WEEKS
Authors: S. Le Pogam, J.M. Yan, M. Chhabra, M. Ilnicka, Y. Ji, Y. Zhang, N. Shulman, K. Klumpp, I. Nájera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Oxygen Supplementation During Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: G S Hebbard, C F Royse, A R Bjorksten
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

The optimal method of oxygen supplementation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to compare oxygen supplementation via nasal prongs with that via a catheter passed into the low oropharynx to eliminate the effect of mouth breathing. Patients were stratified according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of physical status into lower-risk (ASA 1 and 2) and higher-risk (ASA 3) groups. The lower-risk group received intranasal, intrapharyngeal, or no oxygen supplementation, and higher-risk patients received either intranasal or intrapharyngeal oxygen. Continuous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was recorded, using a pulse oximeter, before and during endoscopy. Critical desaturations (SpO2 ≤ 90 %), minimum SpO2 during endoscopy, and maximum desaturation from the baseline oxygen on air, were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the number of patients desaturating, minimum SpO2, or in the maximum desaturation from the baseline between the groups receiving intranasal or intrapharyngeal oxygen supplementation. In lower-risk patients receiving no supplementary oxygen (n = 27), ten patients (37 %) desaturated, compared with one of 52 patients (2 %) receiving supplementary oxygen (p < 0.001). There was also a significant difference between these groups in the minimum SpO2 (91 % vs 97 %, p < 0.001) and the maximum desaturation from the baseline (-5.2 % vs + 0.7 %, p < 0.001) during endoscopy. We conclude that the intranasal and intrapharyngeal methods of oxygen supplementation are of similar efficacy, and that supplementary oxygen significantly decreases the incidence of critical arterial oxygen desaturation that occurs even in healthy patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Catherine M. Otto
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suppression of developmental anomalies by maternal macrophages in mice.
Authors: T Nomura, S Hata, T Kusafuka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We tested whether nonspecific tumoricidal immune cells can suppress congenital malformations by killing precursor cells destined to cause such defects. Pretreatment of pregnant ICR mice with synthetic (Pyran copolymer) and biological (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) agents significantly suppressed radiation- and chemical-induced congenital malformations (cleft palate, digit anomalies, tail anomalies, etc.). Such suppressive effects were associated with the activation of maternal macrophages by these agents, but were lost either after the disruption of activated macrophages by supersonic waves or by inhibition of their lysosomal enzyme activity with trypan blue. These results indicate that a live activated macrophage with active lysosomal enzymes can be an effector cell to suppress maldevelopment. A similar reduction by activated macrophages was observed in strain CL/Fr, which has a high spontaneous frequency of cleft lips and palates. Furthermore, Pyran-activated maternal macrophages could pass through the placenta, and enhanced urethane-induced cell killing (but not somatic mutation) in the embryo. It is likely that a maternal immunosurveillance system eliminating preteratogenic cells allows for the replacement with normal totipotent blast cells during the pregnancy to protect abnormal development.
A review of two controlled multicenter trials comparing 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment to its vehicle in the treatment of chronic eczematous dermatoses
Authors: Cynthia A. Guzzo, Jonathan S. Weiss, Herman S. Mogavero, Charles N. Ellis, Nardo Zaias, Nicholas J. Lowe, Francisco A. Kerdel, James J. Milbauer, Jeffrey D. Bernhard, Claire Whitmore, Frederick Urbach, John S. Loder, John R. Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

The efficacy and safety of 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment were evaluated in patients with chronic atopic or other eczematous dermatoses in two vehicle-controlled, double-blind studies: a paired-comparison study in 124 patients (study A) and a parallel-group study in 100 patients (study B). In study A, patients applied both treatments twice daily for 2 weeks and were evaluated by investigators on days 0, 7, and 14 with 0 to 3 severity scales and by self-assessment with two 5-step end-of-treatment rating scales. In study B, patients applied treatments twice daily for 2 weeks, and investigators made evaluations on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 with 0 to 6 scales and also made a 5-step end-of-treatment physician's global assessment. In study A, both severity scores and patient ratings favored halobetasol propionate significantly on days 7 (p less than or equal to 0.0013) and 14 (p less than 0.0001); in study B, severity scores on days 3 (p less than or equal to 0.045, pruritus, erythema, and overall lesion severity), 7, and 14 (p less than 0.001, all comparisons) also favored halobetasol propionate significantly, and global assessments showed complete resolution or marked improvement for 83% of patients using halobetasol propionate versus 28% of those using vehicle (p less than 0.0001). No instances of systemic effects or skin atrophy were reported in either study. We conclude that 0.05% halobetasol propionate ointment is highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of the conditions studied, with the rapid action and high degree of clearing associated with superpotent corticosteroid formulations.
CYSTS OF THE EXTERNAL SEMILUNAR CARTILAGE OF THE KNEE
Authors: D. B. PHEMISTER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Ebner, 1 in 1904, was the first to describe cyst formation in the external semilunar cartilage. Since then there have been twelve other cases reported: one by Schmidt, 2 six by Riedel, 3 one by Eden, 4 and four by Ollerenshaw. 5 The two cases reported here are apparently the first to be reported from this country.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  History.  —C. B., a man, aged 22, who entered the Presbyterian Hospital, Aug. 24, 1920, had had stiffness and pains in the right knee during the preceding three years. They were slight at first, and worse during the winter months. There had been times during the summer months when the knee was practically normal. There had been several acute exacerbations lasting for two or three weeks, during which time both limitation of motion and pain had been considerable. The pain had been most marked over the lateral surface
Do patients necessarily have to start with an angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor in the treatment of heart failure? Results of the CARMEN (Carvedilol ACE Inhibitor Remodeling Mild CHF Evaluation) study
Authors: Willem J. Remme, Guenther Riegger, Per Hildebrandt, Michel Komajda, Marco Bobbio, Jordi Soler-Soler, Wybren Jaarsma, Stuart Pocock, Lars Ryden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Four Cases in which the Entrance of an Irritating Fluid within the Eyelids Caused Deep-Seated Ophthalmic Disease: In Three the Retina was Implicated; in One Acute Rheumatic Ophthalmia was Excited
Authors: J. V. Solomon
Journal: BMJ (1857)

An Instance in which the entrance of Creasote within thte Eyelids inzdutced serious Retinal Disorder ("Ocular HIyper(esthesia," JlIackenzie): Recovery
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Three Allergens of Timothy Pollen
Authors: Henning Løwenstein
Journal: Allergy (1978)

Three allergens, antigens Nos, 3, 25. and 30, were isolated from freeze‐dried aqueous extract of timothy pollen by various combinations of anionic and cationic exchange and gel chromatography. The allergens were all of protein nature and contained less than 2% (w/w) immunochemically detectable impurities Molecular weight and pl's were determined to &lt; 10 × 10 3 , 15 × 10 3 and 3.9, 4.5, 9.4. respectively, and antigen 25 was determined as the major component of the earlier isolated antigen B. Amino acid analyses performed on antigens 3 and 50 revealed large variations in the amino acid composition. The allergenic activities were verified by means of RAST inhibition and prick tests and proved antigen 25 to be quantitatively the most important allergen of tintothy pollen.
Compensatory remodeling in early coronary artery disease - a volumetric IVUS analysis
Authors: Peter Neubeck, Allen Jeremias, Paul Schoenhagen, Hiroshi Tsutsui, Jon D. Klingensmith, D.Geoffrey Vince, William A. Magyar, Steven E. Nissen, E.Murat Tuzcu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Use of a Prosthetic Ventricle as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation for Postinfarction Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: J. Donald Hill, David J. Farrar, James J. Hershon, Peter G. Compton, G.James Avery, Barry S. Levin, Bruce N. Brent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The use of an artificial heart as a bridge to cardiac transplantation was first reported in 1969, in a patient who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass.1 Since then, the intraaortic balloon pump has been used successfully for partial cardiac assistance before transplantation,2 but little published information is available about the temporary use of univentricular or biventricular prosthetic hearts to provide time to procure a donor heart.3 4 5 6 We report the successful use of a prosthetic left ventricle as a bridge to transplantation in a 47-year-old man in cardiogenic shock after massive acute myocardial infarction. At one year the patient . . .
The Psychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Injury
Authors: Richard A. Bryant, Meaghan L. O'Donnell, Mark Creamer, Alexander C. McFarlane, C. Richard Clark, Derrick Silove
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Traumatic injury affects millions of people each year. There is little understanding of the extent of psychiatric illness that develops after traumatic injury or of the impact of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) on psychiatric illness. The authors sought to determine the range of new psychiatric disorders occurring after traumatic injury and the influence of mild TBI on psychiatric status.In this prospective cohort study, patients were drawn from recent admissions to four major trauma hospitals across Australia. A total of 1,084 traumatically injured patients were initially assessed during hospital admission and followed up 3 months (N=932, 86%) and 12 months (N=817, 75%) after injury. Lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were assessed in hospital. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, levels of quality of life, and mental health service use were assessed at the follow-ups. The main outcome measures were 3- and 12-month prevalence of axis I psychiatric disorders, levels of quality of life, and mental health service use and lifetime axis I psychiatric disorders.Twelve months after injury, 31% of patients reported a psychiatric disorder, and 22% developed a psychiatric disorder that they had never experienced before. The most common new psychiatric disorders were depression (9%), generalized anxiety disorder (9%), posttraumatic stress disorder (6%), and agoraphobia (6%). Patients were more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (odds ratio=1.92, 95% CI=1.08-3.40), panic disorder (odds ratio=2.01, 95% CI=1.03-4.14), social phobia (odds ratio=2.07, 95% CI=1.03-4.16), and agoraphobia (odds ratio=1.94, 95% CI=1.11-3.39) if they had sustained a mild TBI. Functional impairment, rather than mild TBI, was associated with psychiatric illness.A significant range of psychiatric disorders occur after traumatic injury. The identification and treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders are important for optimal adaptation after traumatic injury.
Avoidable Vascular Spread in Resection for Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: J. A. Aylwin
Journal: Thorax (1951)

Changes in technique have been a recurring feature in the development of pneumonectomy.Although it is 17 years since the first successful resection, and the operation can now be regarded as safe for the patient, there still remain unsolved problems, particularly those connected with long-term results, and the adaptation of surgical method to specific types of disease.In bronchial carcinoma an impor- tant principle of cancer surgery was applied when radical intrapericardial resection was devised (Allison, 1946), and deriving from this operation special attention was given to the block dissection of cancerous lymphatics; thereafter considerable improvement was promised in the prospects of patients with bronchial carcinoma.At present, however, most series show that five-year survivals occur in little more than one in ten patients after resection, and these results are among the worst of all of cancers treated by surgical removal.By the end of 1949, 111 pneumonectomies for carcinoma had been done in the on July 15,
Pharmacy Costs and Glycemic Control in the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Ruth S. Weinstock, Gerald Hawley, Denis Repke, Barbara L. Feuerstein, Clark T. Sawin, Leonard M. Pogach
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To determine pharmacy costs for glycemic treatment and its relationship to glycemic control in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) between 1994 and 2000. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients with diabetes in the VA in FY1994, FY1996, FY1998, and FY2000 were identified using an ambulatory care pharmacy-derived database. Total drug acquisition costs, as well as expenditures for insulin, oral glycemic control agents, and self–blood glucose monitoring strips, were determined for these veterans. HbA1c levels for the corresponding time periods were also obtained. Pharmacy costs (medications and monitoring) were examined by glycemic control treatment type. RESULTS—In FY2000, 18% (n = 535,016) of all VA pharmacy patients were identified as having diabetes, and they received 30% of all pharmacy prescriptions. Overall, 23% of pharmacy expenditures for these patients were related to glycemic control medications and monitoring supplies. Annual pharmacy costs increased from FY1994 to FY2000. The greatest change was the higher expenditure for monitoring supplies through FY1998, which then decreased in FY2000. Increased pharmacy costs were associated with improved glycemic control. In FY2000, the mean last HbA1c level (n = 446,384) fell to 7.6% from 7.8% in FY1998 (n = 204,136) and 8.4% in 1996 (n = 53,348). CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes was associated with high pharmacy costs. Increasing medication expenditures were associated with improved HbA1c levels at the aggregated national level. Policies concerning dispensing monitoring supplies and several diabetes quality improvement projects were initiated during this interval. Future challenges include initiatives to further optimize care while controlling costs.