tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atypical Mycobacteria in Bone Marrow Histiocytes
Authors: Richard A. Savage
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
176 First time evidence of dendritic cell populations in ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis. Immunophenotypic characterization according to the presence of bacterial DNA
Authors: R. Francés, C. Muñoz, M.L. De la Sent, J.M. González-Navajas, P. Zapater, S. Pascual, M. Pérez-Mateo, J. Such
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Violent Land: Single Men and Social Disorder From the Frontier to the Inner City
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Violence The thesis of<i>Violent Land</i>is that violence in America is best explained as a consequence of a surplus of single men, and violence could be reduced if more young men were to marry and raise families. The author, David T. Courtwright, a professor of history at the University of North Florida, acknowledges that alcohol, racism, honor, and social influences on young men have contributed to their involvement in a disproportionate number of violent incidents throughout US history, but he argues that the root cause of these incitements to violence has something to do with being single. Consequently, says Courtwright, marriage and family life can "shape, control, and sublimate the energies of young men," thereby reducing violence. It may sound like wishful thinking, but Courtwright is dead serious. To support his case, Courtwright has amassed a wealth of historical anecdotes and perspectives from "anthropology, biology, criminology, demography, epidemiology, psychology,
Tolerance of debility in elderly dependants by supporters at home: its significance for hospital practice.
Authors: J R Sanford
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Some 12% of all geriatric admissions to University College Hospital and Whittington Hospital are for patients whose relatives or friends can no longer cope with them at home. The person principally involved with home support was interviewed in 50 such cases. The causes of inability to cope were identified on a quantitative and qualitative basis. The supporters were asked to assess which of the problems identified would have to be alleviated to restore a tolerable situation at home; 46 (92%) were able to do so. Identification of the "alleviation factors" forms a therapeutic and prognostic guideline in this type of admission and may have far-reaching social and economic implications.
THE PHENOL RED CLEARANCE IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: William Goldring, Robert W. Clarke, Homer W. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1936)

Although phenol red, introduced by Rowntree and Geraghty (6) in 1912, has been widely used in man as an empirical renal function test, the excretion of this substance relative to its concen- tration in the plasma has been examined in only one instance.MacKay (1930) injected one gram intravenously and calculated the Addis excretory ratio in three successive periods when the plasma level was 5.80, 3.90 and 3.25 mgm.per cent, and obtained values about three times the simultaneous values for urea.That phenol red is excreted in part by tubular secretion in the dog is indicated by abundant evi- dence; this evidence has been reviewed recently by Shannon (1935), whose additional observa- tions indicate that the greater portion of the dye must be excreted by tubular activity, and that this secreted fraction diminishes in a regular manner as the plasma level of the dye is increased above 2 to 3 mgm.per cent.The present report concerns observations on the simultaneous phenol red and inulin clearances in normal man.(For data relative to the excretion of inulin by man see Shannon and Smith (1935).) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREThese observations were made on volunteer convalescent patients from the wards of the Med- ical Service of the Third (New York University) Medical Division of Bellevue Hospital who gave no history or other evidence of impaired renal function.The observations were made in the morning without breakfast, and with as close sim- ulation of basal conditions as possible.Inulin (dahlia), prepared as described by Shannon and Smith (1935), was given intravenously, the time at the end of the infusion being noted as the zero minute of the experiment.The phenol red, prepared by Messrs. Hynson, Westcott and Dunning as a sterile 10 per cent solution of the sodium salt, was injected intravenously in doses varying from
Defining airflow obstruction
Authors: Philip H. Quanjer, Brendan Cooper, Gregg L. Ruppel, Maureen P. Swanney, Janet Stocks, Bruce H. Culver, Bruce R. Thompson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Using a very large number of predominantly Chinese nonsmoking females aged 30–79 years, Smith et al. [1] studied the relationship between airflow obstruction, household air pollution, household income, educational level and prior tuberculosis. They defined airflow obstruction as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) of <0.7 or <5th percentile, and graded the severity of respiratory impairment using FEV1 80% of predicted as a cut-off point, according to Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 prediction equations [2]. There are two fundamental problems with these criteria that affect the interpretation of their findings. Use of fixed ratio FEV1/FVC and % pred FEV1 cut-off points causes misclassification due to age bias <http://ow.ly/Cr9xx> The authors thank W. Dejsomritrutai (Dept of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand), M.S.M. Ip (Dept of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China), W-H. Pan (Institute of Medical Sciences, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan), Z. Zhang (Dept of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China) and J.P. Zheng (Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China) for permission to use the data on healthy nonsmoking East Asian females.
Differential sensitivity of erythrocyte-rich and platelet-rich arterial thrombi to lysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. A possible explanation for resistance to coronary thrombolysis.
Authors: I K Jang, H K Gold, A A Ziskind, J T Fallon, R E Holt, R C Leinbach, J W May, D Collen
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Acute myocardial infarction is triggered by coronary artery occlusion that may be recanalized by thrombolytic therapy with a success rate of up to 75% only. The resistance of coronary artery occlusion to thrombolysis may either be due to obstruction of the lumen by a nonthrombotic mechanism or by intrinsic resistance of thrombus to dissolution. Coronary arterial thrombi are composed of platelet-rich and erythrocyte-rich material in variable proportions. To evaluate the relative sensitivity of these thrombus components to thrombolysis, we have used two femoral arterial thrombosis models in the rabbit, consisting of erythrocyte-rich clot produced by injecting whole blood and thrombin in an isolated segment and of platelet-rich thrombus spontaneously formed on an everted (inside out) femoral arterial segment. Intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) at a rate of 30 micrograms/kg/min consistently reperfused arteries occluded with erythrocyte-rich clot (six of six animals compared with zero of six placebo-treated animals, p = 0.002), whereas infusion of 30 or 100 micrograms/kg/min was significantly less efficient for reperfusion of everted segments occluded with platelet-rich material (only four of 12 animals, p = 0.01). Intra-arterial infusion proximal to the occlusion, at a rate of 20 micrograms/kg/min reperfused six of seven rabbits with erythrocyte-rich clots but only one of seven rabbits with occluded everted segments (p = 0.03). A dose of 100 micrograms/kg/min was necessary to reperfuse platelet-rich occlusions in five of six rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is Alcoholism a Disease?
Authors: Nelson Borelli
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the letter entitled "Alcoholism as Willful Misconduct,"<sup>1</sup>Mr Schaler presents a clear, well-articulated, convincing argument in support of his thesis. On the other hand, the reply by Mr Seessel does not address itself to the points in the letter by Mr Schaler but rather quotes Congress as the source of authority and closes the case. In my estimation, Mr Seessel's reply uses authoritarian, dogmatic values instead of discoursive or scientific ones.
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Identification and Contributions to Esophageal Remodeling and Fibrosis
Authors: N. Akhtar, S.A. Woodruff, V. Mukkada, S. Fillon, J. Masterson, A.F. Kagalwalla, C. Jun, J.J. Lee, G.T. Furuta, S.J. Ackerman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Detection of Paternally Inherited Fetal Point Mutations for β-Thalassemia Using Size-Fractionated Cell-Free DNA in Maternal Plasma
Authors: Ying Li
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Currently, fetal point mutations cannot be reliably analyzed from circulatory fetal DNA in maternal plasma, due to the predominance of maternal DNA sequences. However, analysis of circulatory fetal DNA sequences in maternal plasma have been shown to selectively enrich for fetal DNA molecules on the basis of a smaller molecular size than maternal DNA.To examine the prenatal analysis of 4 common beta-thalassemia point mutations: IVSI-1, IVSI-6, IVSI-110, and codon 39.A total of 32 maternal blood samples were collected at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation (mean, 10.7 weeks) between February 15, 2003, and February 25, 2004, in Bari, Italy, from women with risk for beta-thalassemia in their newborns immediately prior to chorionic villous sampling. Samples in which the father and mother did not carry the same mutation were examined. Circulatory DNA was size-fractionated by gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified with a peptide-nucleic-acid clamp, which suppresses amplification of the normal maternal allele. Presence of the paternal mutant allele was detected by allele-specific real-time PCR.Detection of paternally inherited beta-globin gene point mutations.Presence or absence of the paternal mutant allele was correctly determined in 6 (86%) of 7 cases with the IVSI-1 mutation, 4 (100%) of 4 with the IVSI-6 mutation, 5 (100%) of 5 with the IVSI-110 mutation, and 13 (81%) of 16 with the codon 39 mutation. One false-positive test result was scored for the IVSI-1 mutation. Two cases with the codon 39 mutation were classified as uncertain and 1 case was excluded due to lack of a diagnostic test result at the time of analysis. These results yielded an overall sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93.8%, with classified cases removed.Our recently described technique of the size-fractionation of circulatory DNA in maternal plasma may be potentially useful for the noninvasive prenatal determination of fetal point mutations.
Functional Effect of Adeno-associated Virus Mediated Gene Transfer of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase into the Striatum of 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats
Authors: Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute, Judith Harvey-White, Janet Cunningham, Krys S. Bankiewicz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

In animal models of Parkinson's disease, gene transfer of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) leads to an increase in the capacity of the striatum to decarboxylate exogenous L-DOPA. However, the functional effects of enhanced L-DOPA to dopamine conversion have not been explored. Here, we show that following adeno-associated virus (AAV)-AADC transduction, the transgenic AADC is able to decarboxylate exogenous L-DOPA more efficiently so that a dose of L-DOPA ineffective before gene transfer elicits a motor asymmetry (rotational behavior) following gene transfer. Furthermore, rotation scores showed a strong correlation with AADC activity in the lesioned striatum, thus allowing for behavioral screening of successful gene transfer in the brain. In animals receiving AAV2-AADC, dopamine production was restored to 50% of normal levels 12 weeks after the infusion. Microdialysis experiments demonstrated an in vivo enhanced conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, but no storage capacity as dopamine was released to the extracellular space in a continuous, nonregulated fashion. In addition to the potential clinical benefit of improving decarboxylation efficiency in Parkinson's disease, our approach may be relevant for the treatment of AADC deficiency, a rare, autosomal recessive disorder causing a severe movement disorder and progressive cognitive impairment.
Sentinel Lymph Node Navigation Surgery with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: T. Sugie, K. Kassim, W. Tsuji, M. Takeuchi, M. Yamashiro, T. Ueno, M. Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a minimally invasive and effective method for assessing axillary lymph node status in breast cancer. Currently dye techniques, radioisotope techniques or combined techniques are used for SLN detection and recently, near infrared fluorescence imaging has been applied clinically in a breast cancer patient to identify SLN. The concept of this technique is to detect the subcutaneous lymphatic flow from the areola toward the axilla in real time and identify SLN as florescence spot. Our aim in this study is evaluate the feasibility of SLNB by using the ICG technique and the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the number of SLN identify. Methods: The study involved one hundred patients with clinically node negative early breast cancer who were assigned to SLNB, bilateral SLNB were performed on seven of them. A combination of indocyanine green as a fluorescence emitting source and patent blue dyes were injected in the periareolar area and a charge coupled device camera equipped with a cut filter was used, first to trace the subcutaneous lymphatic channels then to identify the florescence image of SLN after meticulous dissection. Both of them were seen in real time on a TV monitor. According to their florescence imaging and the blue color, the LNs were classified as SLN which is either double positive (ICG+/ Dye+) or single positive (ICG+/Dye- or ICG-/ Dye+) and para SLN which is double negative (ICG-/Dye -). Results: The subcutaneous lymphatic channels were detected precisely in all cases. The identification rate of SLN was 100%, (107/107) with a mean number of 3.7 nodes (rang-1 - 12), double positive nodes were found in 83.2% (89/107) with a mean number of 1.5 (range 0-6). The single positive SLNs, i.e. ICG+/ Dye- or ICG-/ Dye+ were found in (87/107) and (4/107) respectively. In twenty six cases (24.3%), the SLNs were involved and all of them were ICG positive. BMI is negatively correlated with number of double positive SLN identified (r= -0.19, P = .02). Conclusion: The ICG and patent blue dye technique gives high sensitivity and provides a comparable result to the dye and radioactive technique. Obesity may reduce the number of double positive SLNs identified. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1017.
NHS reforms could jeopardise government plans for public health
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The organisational changes prompted by the government’s wider healthcare reforms could jeopardise its plans for public health, a leading expert has suggested.

Speaking at a conference on the future of public health in London on 9 November Richard Parish, chief executive officer of the Royal Society of Public Health, said that the new prominence the government was giving to public health and its “passionately held” belief in it afforded “very clear opportunities.”

But there were also several risks, he said, including a shrinking public health workforce. “We are losing people from jobs which we are unable to fill even when money is available,” said Professor Parish. “And people are unlikely …
Phase I Trial of Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P) in Combination with Bevacizumab in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Paul Nathan, Martin Zweifel, Anwar R. Padhani, Dow-Mu Koh, Matthew Ng, David J. Collins, Adrian Harris, Craig Carden, Jon Smythe, Nita Fisher, N. Jane Taylor, J. James Stirling, Shiao-Ping Lu, Martin O. Leach, Gordon J.S. Rustin, Ian Judson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: The vascular disrupting agent (VDA) combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) induces significant tumor necrosis as a single agent. Preclinical models have shown that the addition of an anti-VEGF antibody to a VDA attenuates the revascularization of the surviving tumor rim and thus significantly increases antitumor activity. Experimental Design: Patients with advanced solid malignancies received CA4P at 45, 54, or 63 mg/m2 on day 1, day 8, and then every 14 days. Bevacizumab 10 mg/kg was given on day 8 and at subsequent cycles four hours after CA4P. Functional imaging with dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) was conducted at baseline, after CA4P alone, and after cycle 1 CA4P + bevacizumab. Results: A total of 63 mg/m2 CA4P + 10 mg/kg bevacizumab q14 is the recommended phase II dose. A total of 15 patients were enrolled. Dose-limiting toxicities were grade III asymptomatic atrial fibrillation and grade IV liver hemorrhage in a patient with a history of hemorrhage. Most common toxicities were hypertension, headache, lymphopenia, pruritus, and pyrexia. Asymptomatic electrocardiographic changes were seen in five patients. Nine of 14 patients experienced disease stabilization. A patient with ovarian cancer had a CA125 response lasting for more than a year. DCE-MRI showed statistically significant reductions in tumor perfusion/vascular permeability, which reversed after CA4P alone but which were sustained following bevacizumab. Circulating CD34+ and CD133+ bone marrow progenitors increased following CA4P as did VEGF and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels. Conclusions: CA4P in combination with bevacizumab appears safe and well tolerated in this dosing schedule. CA4P induced profound vascular changes, which were maintained by the presence of bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res; 18(12); 3428–39. ©2012 AACR.
Toxicity of depressant and antidepressant drugs in hyperthyroid mice.
Authors: A. Ashford, J. W. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1968)

It is evident from the literature that there is a relation between thyroid hormones and the toxicity of drugs and other chemical substances. The administration of thyroxine or desiccated thyroid to various animal species is reported to increase suscep tibility to the toxic effects of the following compounds: alloxan (Houssay and Sara, 1945), endotoxin (Kroneberg and Potzsch, 1952), cocaine, o-dinitrophenol, and dinitro-o-cresol (Glaubach and Pick, 1931, 1934), morphine (Hunt and Seidell, 1910), adrenaline (Kroneberg and Hilter, 1951), ephedrine (Halpern, Drudi-Baracco, and Bessirard, 1964), amphetamine (Moore, 1965), a non-hydrazide monoamine oxidase inhibitor (Carrier and Buday, 1961), and imipramine (Prange and Lipton, 1962). There is less evidence concerning the toxicity of drugs in the hypothyroid state; a search of the literature showed references to only two substances. The toxicity of imipramine was reported to be lower in mice in which thyroid function had been reduced by treatment with propylthiouracil (Prange, Lipton, and Love, 1963), though this was not confirmed by later studies (Prange, Lipton, and Love, 1964), and the toxicity of alloxan was reduced in thyroidectomized rats (Houssay and Sara, 1945). The purpose of this paper is to report on the toxicity of several widely used antidepressant and tranquillizer drugs in mice made hyperthyroid by the addition of desiccated thyroid to the diet, and to draw attention to possible hazards in their use in the hyperthyroid state in man.
Patient load and medical staffing in adult dialysis units in the United Kingdom.
Authors: W K Stewart, L W Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A survey of medical staffing in 50 adult dialysis units in the United Kingdom in 1986 showed a wide range of patient to staff ratios or staffing score ratios. The total patient load (patients receiving haemodialysis in hospital and at home and those receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) varied from 12 to 270 per unit. Patients receiving acute haemodialysis or who had received a transplant were not included. The unit staffing score, on a weighted scale based on experience, varied from 6.0 to 40.5. Previous surveys have all been regionally or nationally based so criteria for assessing the adequacy of staffing in single units do not exist. This survey attempts to provide a guideline by describing the range of medical staffing compared with patient load in single dialysis units. No unit considered itself to be overstaffed, and several considered themselves to be greatly understaffed. Individual dialysis units should plead their own case in the light of their own circumstances and up to date information provided in nationwide staffing surveys such as this one.
Hepatitis B—Pathways to Prevention and Therapy
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The identification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) and subsequently of core antigen and Dane particles opened new approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B (HB). For one, it furnished a marker for the screening of blood donors. Elimination of donated blood containing HB s Ag has reduced the incidence of HB. The reduction, however, has not been substantial enough to prevent endemic and epidemic occurrences among persons at risk through frequent exposure to HB virus. HB is still common among patients, staff, and laboratory personnel in hemodialysis units and hospital wards in which blood or blood products are administered frequently.  Protective screening is patently not the complete answer to HB prophylaxis. Much more rewarding would be the  approach, as in other infectious diseases, by vaccination. This has proved difficult. HB s Ag is not a conventional immunogen for which an animal experimental model could be
THE FARM; THE NEXT POINT OF ATTACK IN SANITARY PROGRESS
Authors: ALLEN W. FREEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The careful student of sanitary progress in the United States to-day is early impressed with the great contrast between the sanitary conditions in country districts and those in the cities. Recent years have witnessed great progress in the cities. Effective health departments have been organized, and the effect of measures such as the supervision of water and milk-supplies, the visiting nurse and the tuberculosis dispensary, medical inspection of schools and the accurate control of contagious diseases has been so pronounced as to place their work on a firm basis, and to insure its continuance and extension. While much remains to be done in the cities, the foundation has been laid and the methods of work more or less standardized. It is not too much to say that we are within sight of the solution of many of the problems of municipal sanitation. While these facts are true of the cities,