tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Platelets by [3H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding
Authors: Kurt D. Newman, Lewis T. Williams, N. Hahr Bishopric, Robert J. Lefkowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine to platelet lysates appears to have all the characteristics of binding to α-adrenergic receptors. At 25°C binding reaches equilibrium within 20 min and is reversible upon addition of excess phentolamine. Binding is saturable with 183±22 fmol of [3H]dihydroergocryptine bound per mg of protein at saturation, corresponding to 220±26 sites per platelet. Kinetic and equilibrium studies indicate the dissociation constant of [3H]dihydroergocryptine for the receptors is 1-3 nM. The specificity of the binding sites is typical of an α-adrenergic receptor. Catecholamine agonists compete for occupancy of the [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites with an order of potency (−)epinephrine> (−)norepinephrine≫ (−)isoproterenol. Stereospecificity was demonstrated inasmuch as the (+)isomers of epinephrine and norepinephrine were 10-20-fold less potent than the (−)isomers. The potent α-adrenergic antagonists phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, and yohimbine competed potently for the sites, whereas β-antagonists such as propranolol and dichlorisoproterenol were quite weak. Dopamine and serotonin competed only at high concentrations (0.1 mM).
Late infection after total hip replacement.
Authors: W J Fincham, J Cook
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One assumes that the women were told of possible metabolic side effects from continuous intake of synthetic hormones, including amenorrhoea after stopping the regimen-as also can occur with the 12-week contraceptive injection.In view of the increasing incidence of postpill amenorrhoea following the monthly pill- taking regimen would it not have been more ethical in this experiment to have excluded women of parity 0 ?ELIZABETH ELLIOTT Wisbech, Cambs
Breast cancer in young women.
Authors: H Honore
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This deplorable state of affairs, which is a cause of much wasted time and many un- necessary x-ray examinations, can be directly related to the very severe reduction in the amount of time which our medical schools allocate to the teaching and study of anatomy.In practical terms, it means that students become involved with contemplation of the abnormal before they have acquired a sound knowledge of the normal.Perhaps the tide is now beginning to turn, for, during the past year or so, there have been at least three publications affirming the importance of teaching radiological anatomy from the outset of the preclinical course.Can this really be just a coincidence ?
THE THERAPEUTICS OF ALCOHOL IN DISEASE.
Authors: J. B. GARBER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Ever since the days of AEsculapius, the Blameless Physician who went about healing and raising from the dead until finally killed by the thunderbolt of Pluto, the progress of medicine has been a struggle. Its history reads almost like a fable. In those days great temples were built in honor of this Father of medicine, and even snakes were believed to receive healing power from his hand. These endowed serpents were sought after by the Greeks and Romans during epidemics, in the hope of their being able in some way to allay suffering and drive away disease.  On this shaky foundation began the struggle of scientific medication, and in this early beginning we find empiricism to be the key-note of therapeutics. Remedies were used in the treatment of disease that possessed a supposed medicinal power or charm that would in some way bring about a cure. Those who practiced medicine
Augmentation of Behavior Therapy With <scp>d</scp> -Cycloserine for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sabine Wilhelm, Ulrike Buhlmann, David F. Tolin, Suzanne A. Meunier, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Hannah E. Reese, Paul Cannistraro, Michael A. Jenike, Scott L. Rauch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: This study examined whether d -cycloserine, a partial agonist at the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor, enhances the efficacy of behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating d -cycloserine versus placebo augmentation of behavior therapy was conducted in 23 OCD patients. Patients first underwent a diagnostic interview and pretreatment evaluation, followed by a psychoeducational/treatment planning session. Then they received 10 behavior therapy sessions. Treatment sessions were conducted twice per week. One hour before each of the behavior therapy sessions, the participants received either d -cycloserine, 100 mg, or a placebo. Results: Relative to the placebo group, the d -cycloserine group’s OCD symptoms were significantly more improved at mid-treatment, and the d -cycloserine group’s depressive symptoms were significantly more improved at posttreatment. Conclusions: These data provide support for the use of d -cycloserine as an augmentation of behavior therapy for OCD and extend findings in animals and other human disorders suggesting that behavior therapy acts by way of long-term potentiation of glutamatergic pathways and that the effects of behavior therapy are potentiated by an NMDA agonist.
THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA AND MALARIAL COMA BY INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF QUININE URETHANE
Authors: None Richet, W. B. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1917)

MIALARI-A, rFEB. o,7 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1917 days; then develops a typical vaccinal lesion, consisting of one, two, three, or four firm pustules corresponding witlh thje areas punctured.If left alone, without bandage or shjield, etc., these remain firm and whole; then dry down into hard "buttons," wlhich finally detaclh themiiselves,
Influence of Vitamin Supplements on Growth, Health, and Physical Fitness
Authors: E. R. Bransby, J. W. Hunter, H. E. Magee, E. H. M. Milligan, T. S. Rodgers
Journal: BMJ (1944)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Sympatric lizard species differing in morphology present convenient models for studying the differentiation in thermal behavior and the role of morphological differences in thermal biology. Here we studied the thermal biology of two sympatric lizard species which occur together sympatrically in western Anatolia, Frig Valley. These two species differ in body size, with the larger <i>Lacerta diplochondrodes</i> and smaller <i>Parvilacerta parva</i>. Field body temperatures of the individuals belonging to both species were recorded in the activity period. Additionally, several environmental parameters including solar radiation, substrate temperature, air temperature and wind speed were also monitored to investigate the relative effect of these abiotic parameters on thermal biology of the two species. The field body temperature and temperature excess (difference between body and substrate temperature) of two species while being relatively close to each other, showed seasonal differences. Solar radiation, substrate temperature and air temperature were the main effective factors on thermal biology in the field. Additionally, although body size did not have a direct significant effect on body temperature or temperature excess, the interaction between body size and wind were effective on temperature excess. In conclusion, our study partially supports the conservation of thermal biology of related lizard species.
Intrapericardial Delivery of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Reduces the Increased Severity of Ventricular Arrhythmias During Sympathetic Stimulation in Dogs With Acute Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Lü Fei, Alain D. Baron, David P. Henry, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Nitric oxide (NO) modulates autonomic effects on myocardial contractility and sinus and atrioventricular nodal function of the heart. Whether NO influences autonomic actions on ventricular electrophysiological properties and arrhythmogenesis is not known. Methods and Results Four groups consisting of 43 autonomically denervated dogs were studied. To “superfuse” sympathetic nerves innervating the ventricles, test drugs were introduced into the pericardial sac for 30 minutes, and their effects on ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and arrhythmia development were assessed before and during sympathetic stimulation (SS). In group 1 (n=12), ventricular ERPs showed no significant difference between control and superfusion with l -arginine, a NO precursor (222±20 versus 222±19 ms, P =.485). However, l -arginine significantly reduced SS-induced ERP shortening compared with control (9±7 versus 13±7 ms, P &lt;.001). Simultaneous administration of N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (2 mg/mL) abolished the inhibitory effects of l -arginine (13±7 versus 13±7 ms, P =.885). In group 2 (n=15), the severity of ventricular arrhythmias significantly increased during SS. l -Arginine reduced this increase caused by SS. In group 3 (n=8), plasma norepinephrine spillover measured from the coronary sinus significantly increased during SS and was reduced by pericardial superfusion with l -arginine compared with control (6005.2±1525.6 versus 8503.4±2044.5 pg/min, P =.012). In group 4 (n=8), l -arginine pericardial superfusion significantly increased NO overflow measured from the coronary sinus during SS (93.25±59.20 versus 114.82±74.92 nmol/min, P =.043). Conclusions Pericardial l -arginine reduces ERP shortening and increased severity of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias during SS in dogs. NO-induced reduction of norepinephrine release in the heart may be one of the underlying mechanisms.
Occupational Exposure to Benzene and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Population-Based Cohort: The Shanghai Women’s Health Study
Authors: Bryan A. Bassig, Melissa C. Friesen, Roel Vermeulen, Xiao-Ou Shu, Mark P. Purdue, Patricia A. Stewart, Yong-Bing Xiang, Wong-Ho Chow, Tongzhang Zheng, Bu-Tian Ji, Gong Yang, Martha S. Linet, Wei Hu, Heping Zhang, Wei Zheng, Yu-Tang Gao, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

The association between benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been the subject of debate as a result of inconsistent epidemiologic evidence. An International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group evaluated benzene in 2009 and noted evidence for a positive association between benzene exposure and NHL risk.We evaluated the association between occupational benzene exposure and NHL among 73,087 women enrolled in the prospective population-based Shanghai Women's Health Study.Benzene exposure estimates were derived using a previously developed exposure assessment framework that combined ordinal job-exposure matrix intensity ratings with quantitative benzene exposure measurements from an inspection database of Shanghai factories collected between 1954 and 2000. Associations between benzene exposure metrics and NHL (n = 102 cases) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, with study follow-up occurring from December 1996 through December 2009.Women ever exposed to benzene had a significantly higher risk of NHL [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96]. Compared with unexposed women, significant trends in NHL risk were observed for increasing years of benzene exposure (p(trend) = 0.006) and increasing cumulative exposure levels (p(trend) = 0.005), with the highest duration and cumulative exposure tertiles having a significantly higher association with NHL (HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.07, 4.01 and HR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.98, respectively).Our findings, using a population-based prospective cohort of women with diverse occupational histories, provide additional evidence that occupational exposure to benzene is associated with NHL risk.
Risk of Stroke in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Without Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Azmil H. Abdul-Rahim, Ana-Cristina Perez, Rachael L. Fulton, Pardeep S. Jhund, Roberto Latini, Gianni Tognoni, John Wikstrand, John Kjekshus, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Aldo P. Maggioni, Luigi Tavazzi, Kennedy R. Lees, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Our aim was to describe the incidence and predictors of stroke in patients who have heart failure without atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results— We pooled 2 contemporary heart failure trials, the Controlled Rosuvastatin in Multinational Trial Heart Failure (CORONA) and the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Insufficienza cardiaca-Heart Failure trial (GISSI-HF). Of the 9585 total patients, 6054 did not have AF. Stroke occurred in 165 patients (4.7%) with AF and in 206 patients (3.4%) without AF (rates 16.8/1000 patient-years and 11.1/1000 patient-years, respectively). Using Cox proportional-hazards models, we identified the following independent predictors of stroke in patients without AF (ranked by χ 2 value): age (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.63 per 10 years), New York Heart Association class (1.60, 1.21–2.12 class III/IV versus II), diabetes mellitus treated with insulin (1.87, 1.22–2.88), body mass index (0.74, 0.60–0.91 per 5 kg/m 2 up to 30), and previous stroke (1.81, 1.19–2.74). N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (available in 2632 patients) was also an independent predictor of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.31; 1.11–1.57 per log unit) when added to this model. With the use of a risk score formulated from these predictors, we found that patients in the upper third of risk had a rate of stroke that approximated the risk in patients with AF. Conclusions— A small number of demographic and clinical variables identified a subset of patients who have heart failure without AF at a high risk of stroke.
DIPHTHERIA: A CASE OF LABORATORY INFECTION
Authors: Robb Spalding Spray
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Numerous references to laboratory infections with plague, typhoid, tularemia and other diseases may be found in past and current literature. Similar references to diphtheria, however, seem to be quite uncommon. The instance presented here of a clear-cut laboratory infection, establishing a definite incubation period, peculiarly supported by a control, would appear to warrant a brief report. In a class in medical bacteriology a strain of the diphtheria bacillus was given out for cultivation, Tuesday, April 19, 1927. This strain was isolated three years ago during a local epidemic from one of a family in which four severe cases developed. Its toxicity has been repeatedly demonstrated by death of inoculated guinea-pigs within three days. Cultures were given out on Loeffler's serum with considerable condensation water on the slants. During the course of the hour one student reported that the tube from which he inoculated had been tilted and the cotton plug
Improved arterial oxygenation after oleic acid lung injury in the pig using a computer-controlled mechanical ventilator.
Authors: G R Lefevre, S E Kowalski, L G Girling, D B Thiessen, W A Mutch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We compared computer-controlled mechanical ventilation programmed for biologic variability of respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (VT) with conventional intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) in an oleic acid (OA) lung injury model. Seventeen pigs were ventilated with an Ohio 7000 anesthesia ventilator. Minute ventilation (VE) was adjusted to maintain PaCO2 at 30 to 35 mm Hg at baseline and was not altered further. OA was infused at 0.2 ml/kg/h until PaO2 decreased to < 125 mm Hg (F(I)O2 = 0.5). Animals were randomly assigned to continue with conventional IPPV (control group; n = 8) or had IPPV computer-controlled (computer group; n = 9). Hemodynamic, respiratory gas, airway pressure, and volume data were obtained at baseline (before OA infusion), at Time 30 (after infusion), and at 30-min intervals for 240 min after OA. At experiment completion, the lungs were removed to determine the wet:dry weight ratios. The control group had RR fixed at 20 breaths/min. The computer group had a RR of 20 +/- 2.3 breaths/min (range, 15 to 27 breaths/min), comprising 369 different RR values with reciprocal changes in VT over 1,089 s before the program looped to repeat itself. There was no difference between groups in the volume of OA infused. By 120 min after lung injury, animals in the computer group had significantly greater PaO2, associated with a lower Qs/QT. Mean airway pressures and mean peak airway pressures were not different in the two groups. By 180 min, respiratory system compliance (Crs) was significantly lower in the control group. The wet:dry lung weight ratios were greater in the control group. Thus, in a porcine model of OA lung injury, computer-controlled mechanical ventilation, which is programmed for biologic variability, resulted in improved blood oxygenation without increasing mean airway pressures when compared with conventional IPPV.
Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization during hemorrhagic hypotension in the rat.
Authors: H E Savaki, H Macpherson, J McCulloch
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization in 58 anatomically discrete regions which occur during a period of hemorrhagic hypotension have been investigated in conscious rats, using the quantitative autoradiographic 14C-deoxyglucose technique. Hemorrhagic hypotension (mean arterial pressure reduced by approximately 50 mm Hg) effected significant increases in glucose utilization in eight areas of the central nervous system, namely, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (glucose utilization increased by 38%), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (by 36%), locus coeruleus (by 38%), lateral habenular nucleus (by 40%), periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (by 41%), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (by 97%), supraoptic nucleus (by 86%), and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis (by 84%). In five of these eight areas (nucleus of the tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis), a significant relationship could be demonstrated between the level of glucose utilization and mean arterial blood pressure. In the majority of the CNS regions examined (neocortex, hippocampus, thalamus, extrapyramidal and motor areas), hemorrhagic hypotension was without significant effect upon local cerebral glucose utilization. The results provide direct evidence of the functional involvement of specific brain areas of conscious rats (thus obviating complicating anesthetic influences) in the response of the CNS to hemorrhagic hypotension.
Childhood should be alcohol free, says England's chief medical officer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Young people should not drink any alcohol until at least the age of 15, reports new guidance from the Chief Medical Officer for England. If 15 to 17 year olds do drink alcohol they should do so on no more than one day a week and only in the presence of a parent or carer in a supervised environment.

Launching the guidance, Liam Donaldson said, “There is a really formidable list of diseases and injury associated with alcohol consumption. But on top of this the developing brain is particularly vulnerable. Drinking alcohol causes subtle degrees of brain damage leading to memory problems and difficulties …
Pyloric Stenosis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: H. Takano, K. Inoue, K. Katada, T. Yoshikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 38-year-old Japanese woman, who had fulfilled the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and whose disease had been controlled with oral prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg/day for a year, reported a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting. On admission, laboratory tests showed a lactate dehydrogenase level of 610 IU/l, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 35 mm/hour, a positive antinuclear antibody (titer 1 : 40), and decreased levels of complements (C3, 32 mg/dl; C4, 6 mg/dl; CH50, 24.4 U/dl). Gastroscopic examination revealed a stenosis of the pyloric antrum with no mucosal lesion (Figure [1]). A computed tomographic scan demonstrated diffuse thickening of the antral wall with marked enhancement by contrast material on the serosal side (Figure [2]), in addition to mild hydronephrosis, thickened wall of the gallbladder, and a small amount of ascites. The lupus peritonitis and cholecystitis was thought to be the most likely cause of the antral stenosis.
NOTE ON SOME EXAMINATIONS AND TREATMENTS FOR ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA INFECTIONS
Authors: M. W. Jepps
Journal: BMJ (1916)

EXAMINATIONS FOR ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA INFECTIONS.[Nov 4, I9I6It seems, therefore, that in emetine bismuth iodide we have a specific drug which, whilst unpleasant to the patient, is very deadly to E. hi8tolytica, but harmless to the other protozoa of the human bowel.In conclusion, I add a summary in tabular form 'of all the cases whose treatment has been described in this report.It will show at a glance, I think, not only all the results obtained, but also the great success achieved in the treatment of E. histolytica infections with emetine bismuth iodide at Walton Hospital. Summary of Treatments.Infected with Entamoeba histolytica: 25 men.Treated with emetine hydro-Treated with emetine chloride: 21 men.bismuth iodide: 4 men.All discharged as cured I _ _ (Table VI).7 men discharged as 14 men not cured.cured (Table I). Treated again with emetineTreated with emetine bismuth hydrochloride: 3 men.iodide: 11 men.All ?is-None cured.charged as cured (Table Ii).Not treated:Treated with emetine bismuth 1 man.Still iodide: 2 men.Both cured infected.(Table V).
Action of Driving Stimuli from Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sources on in Situ Cardiac Pacemaker Tissues
Authors: GERTRUDE LANGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The interactions between pacemakers, and the effects on pacemakers, of terminating imposed driving were studied in the in situ heart of anesthetized dogs. Following atrial fibrillation or termination of a fast drive imposed through an artificial pacemaker, pacemaker action in intrinsic pacemakers is suppressed. Pacemakers tend to accelerate and compete with imposed drives which exceed control rates by only a small percentage (10 to 15%). Arrhythmias may result if imposed drive is slower than or identical with intrinsic pacemaker rate. Post-drive depression of pacemakers and the resulting deceleration of the heart is followed normally by an overshoot or supranormal acceleration. The magnitudes and durations of depression and late acceleration are proportional, within limits, to the rate and duration of drive. Atrioventricular and ectopic atrial pacemakers are much more readily depressed than is the sinoatrial pacemaker. Furthermore, beats of ectopic origin are much more likely to occur while subsidiary pacemakers are recovering from post-drive depression. Augmentation of depression by Prostigmin, its diminution by atropine, and the potentiation of late acceleration by cocaine and its absence after reserpine or guanethidine pretreatment, indicate that acetylcholine and catecholamines are liberated by driving stimuli. Placement of the pacemaker over the sinoatrial node, or near to regions where nerve terminals are concentrated, results in the greatest post-drive effects. The fact that propagated action potentials cause depressions and accelerations subject to drug block or potentiation indicates that mediators are also released in the course of propagated activity. Since atropine does not completely block post-drive depression, it is thought that a potassium ion shift may be involved.