tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activator Protein 2α Status Determines the Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells: Implications in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Narendra Wajapeyee, Chandrashekhar Ganpat Raut, Kumaravel Somasundaram
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cancer chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis by several pathways. Inactivation of proapoptotic genes, or activation of survival signaling, leads to chemoresistance. Activator protein 2α (AP-2α), a developmentally regulated sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor, has been shown to function like a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that controlled expression of AP-2α, using tetracycline-inducible system, increased the chemosensitivity of cancer cells by severalfold by sensitizing cells to undergo apoptosis upon chemotherapy. Under these conditions, neither AP-2α expression nor drug treatment resulted in apoptosis induction, whereas in combination the cancer cells underwent massive apoptosis. We found that endogenous AP-2α protein is induced posttranscriptionally by various chemotherapeutic drugs. Blocking the endogenous AP-2α by small interfering RNA in human cancer cells lead to decreased apoptosis, increased colony formation, and chemoresistance irrespective of their p53 status upon chemotherapy. We further show that 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induced reexpression of AP-2α in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (wherein AP-2α expression is silenced by hypermethylation), resulted in massive apoptosis induction, increased chemosensitivity, decreased colony formation, and loss of tumorigenesis upon chemotherapy. However, in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with AP-2α small interfering RNA, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment failed to increase apoptosis and chemosensitivity. The treatment also resulted in increased colony formation and efficient tumor formation upon chemotherapy. These results establish an important role for AP-2α in cancer cell chemosensitivity and provide new insights for modifying the chemosensitivity of cancer cells by activating apoptotic pathways.
Severe Infectious Mononucleosis-like Syndrome and Primary Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection in an Adult
Authors: Koichi Akashi, Yoshito Eizuru, Yoshiaki Sumiyoshi, Toshio Minematsu, Sachiko Hara, Mine Harada, Masahiro Kikuchi, Yoshiyuki Niho, Yoichi Minamishima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was first isolated from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or lymphoproliferative diseases and was named human B-lymphotropic virus1. However, later studies revealed that the virus is T-lymphotropic in vitro2 and in vivo3. Recently, two genotypes of HHV-6 (type A and type B) have been distinguished on the basis of their restriction polymorphism4–6. HHV-6 has been identified as the etiologic agent of exanthem subitum in infants,7 and an acute febrile illness in young children8. Most people are seropositive for HHV-6 by the age of three years9,10. HHV-6 also produces . . .
Chronological development of elevated aminotransferases in a nonalcoholic population
Authors: Ayako Suzuki, Paul Angulo, James Lymp, Jennifer St. Sauver, Ayako Muto, Toshihide Okada, Keith Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The incidence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have never been prospectively determined. To determine the frequency and risk factors of NAFLD and chronological ordering between NAFLD, weight gain, and features of insulin resistance, a historical cohort study was conducted in a Japanese workplace. A cohort free of previous liver injury, alcohol consumption of more than 140 g/wk, and hepatitis B or C infection (529 of 1,537 subjects), and a subcohort of 287 subjects free of insulin resistance–related features were identified. Elevated aminotransferases in nonalcoholics were used as a surrogate for NAFLD. High aminotransferases together with weight gain of more than 2 kg and insulin resistance–related features in the subcohort were sought for up to 5 years. The incidence of high aminotransferases was 31 per 1,000 person-years (71 events). A significant interaction occurred between age and sex in the development of high aminotransferases. In subjects younger than age 40 years, male sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.6), elevated body mass index (HR: 2.1), hypertension (HR: 2.6), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR: 2.8) increased the risk of high aminotransferases, whereas age (HR: 0.6 for each 5 years) decreased the risk. In subjects older than age 40 years, glucose intolerance (HR: 5.3) was the only significant risk factor. In the subcohort, weight gain preceded high aminotransferases and other insulin resistance–related features, which appeared sequentially in order of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia/hypertransaminasemia/hypertension, and glucose intolerance . In conclusion, this cohort study clearly showed chronological ordering and an association between development of elevated aminotransferases and risk factors of NAFLD. (Hepatology 2005;41:64–71.)
Comparison of Clinical Outcome of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated Surgically Or with Stereotactic Radiotherapy: Results From Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: S. Mokhles, N.E. Verstegen, A.P. Maat, O. Birim, A.J. Bogers, M.M. Mokhles, F.J. Lagerwaard, S. Senan, J.J. Takkenberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Identification of an Ire1alpha endonuclease specific inhibitor with cytotoxic activity against human multiple myeloma
Authors: Ioanna Papandreou, Nicholas C. Denko, Michael Olson, Heleen Van Melckebeke, Sofie Lust, Arvin Tam, David E. Solow-Cordero, Donna M. Bouley, Fritz Offner, Maho Niwa, Albert C. Koong
Journal: Blood (2010)
Depression of Aminopyrine Metabolism by Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Paul Kramer, Craig J. McClain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

HEPATIC cytochrome P-450 is important in the metabolism of many drugs.1 Multiple factors, such as ingestion of inducing agents (e.g., phenobarbital), nutritional state, and the presence of liver disease, influence hepatic levels of cytochrome P-450. Recent studies have demonstrated that immunologic stimulation by administration of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine,2 endotoxin,3 a group of interferon-inducing agents,4 and interferon itself,5 depresses hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity in laboratory animals. In human beings, viral upper-respiratory-tract infection appears to alter theophylline pharmacokinetics,6 , 7 and Renton et al. have reported that influenza vaccination impaired the elimination of theophylline in patients and healthy volunteers.8 We investigated the effect . . .
Restoring the Balance: Women Physicians and the Profession of Medicine, 1850–1995
Authors: Rebecca J. Kurth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 March 2001Restoring the Balance: Women Physicians and the Profession of Medicine, 1850–1995Rebecca J. Kurth, MDRebecca J. Kurth, MDCollege of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York. (Kurth)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-5-200103060-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail More ES. 340 pages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Pr; 1999. $49.95. ISBN 067476661X. Order phone 800-448-2242.Field of medicine: Medical history and women's health.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Medical historians, deans and department chairpersons of medical schools, and women physicians.Purpose: To explore the evolving roles of women physicians in U.S. medicine.Content: This scholarly yet accessible work traces the struggle of women physicians to achieve a balance between personal and professional obligations, as well as to gain access to the educational opportunities and professional recognition accorded to their male colleagues. The book highlights the successful careers of several women ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York. (Kurth) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 March 2001Volume 134, Issue 5Page: 432KeywordsGraduate medical educationHistory of medicineObstetrics and gynecologySoftware toolsSurgeons ePublished: 6 March 2001 Issue Published: 6 March 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Accidental Injection of Thiopentone into Arteries
Authors: J. B. Kinmonth, R. C. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ANTIBODIES TO H. INFLUENZAE IN BRONCHITISws _ ~~~MMWCAL JouM% to the theory that H. influenzae is responsible for the acute infective episodes which occur.The need for further study of H. influenzae antigens is stressed.
Feprazone, a new anti-inflammatory agent. Studies of potency and gastrointestinal tolerance.
Authors: M R Fletcher, W Loebl, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

Two studies are reported; a double-blind cross-over trial of feprazone 600 mg daily and aspirin 3.6 g daily in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and an uncontrolled open study of gastrointestinal tolerance in twenty rheumatoid arthritis patients with known intolerance to other drugs. The first study showed that feprazone was significantly superior to aspirin in all the parameters tested. In the second study all twenty patients showed an improvement of their gastrointestinal symptoms, nineteen reporting no symptoms at all when taking the new preparation.
Survey of recognition and utilization of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma in Japan
Authors: S. Makino, T. Miyamoto, S. Nakajima, J. Kabe, M. Baba, H. Mikawa, M. Furusho, K. Fukuda, T. Nakagawa, H. Naitou
Journal: Allergy (2000)

In Japan in 1993, the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA) developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma (JGL), which were based on the concept that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway.This survey study was intended to investigate the recognition and utilization of JGL among physicians who had treated asthma. The survey comprised two methods: a quantitative mail survey and a qualitative door-to-door survey conducted by trained interviewers.In the mail survey, a total of 1028 physicians responded; 552 members of the JSA and 476 nonmembers. Ninety-four percent of JSA members were aware of adult asthma management guidelines, while 53% of nonmembers were aware of them. Although approximately half of the physicians, both members and nonmembers, found differences between the asthma management policies in JGL and their previous policies, most of them utilized JGL once they read it. In the qualitative door-to-door survey, 80-90% of physicians evaluated JGL as good after they read it.JGL was recognized and utilized by most JSA members, but only half of nonmember physicians were aware of JGL, although they utilized JGL after they read it. Further action to implement JGL among nonspecialist physicians is needed to improve management of asthma.
Strengthening the Skin with Topical Delivery of Keratinocyte Growth Factor-1 Using a Novel DNA Plasmid
Authors: Chunqing Dou, Frank Lay, Amir Mehdi Ansari, Donald J Rees, Ali Karim Ahmed, Olga Kovbasnjuk, Aerielle E. Matsangos, Junkai Du, Sayed Mohammad Hosseini, Charles Steenbergen, Karen Fox-Talbot, Aaron T. Tabor, James A Williams, Lixin Liu, Guy P Marti, John W Harmon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Fragile skin, susceptible to decubitus ulcers and incidental trauma, is a problem particularly for the elderly and for those with spinal cord injury. Here, we present a simple approach to strengthen the skin by the topical delivery of keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) DNA. In initial feasibility studies with the novel minimalized, antibiotic-free DNA expression vector, NTC8385-VA1, the reporter genes luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein were delivered. Transfection was documented when luciferase expression significantly increased after transfection. Microscopic imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein-transfected skin showed green fluorescence in hair follicles, hair shafts, and dermal and superficial epithelial cells. With KGF-1 transfection, KGF-1 mRNA level and protein production were documented with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Epithelial thickness of the transfected skin in the KGF group was significantly increased compared with the control vector group (26 ± 2 versus 16 ± 4 µm) at 48 hours (P = 0.045). Dermal thickness tended to be increased in the KGF group (255 ± 36 versus 162 ± 16 µm) at 120 hours (P = 0.057). Biomechanical assessment showed that the KGF-1-treated skin was significantly stronger than control vector-transfected skin. These findings indicate that topically delivered KGF-1 DNA plasmid can increase epithelial thickness and strength, demonstrating the potential of this approach to restore compromised skin.
Vinyl Chloride and Liver Tumors
Authors: William H. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The article, Angiosarcoma of the Liver Following Vinyl Chloride Exposure, by Dr. J. B. Block (229:53, 1974) is of considerable importance in view of the recently recognized relation between exposure to vinyl chloride and angiosarcoma of the liver.  It is unfortunate, however, that in the Comment a number of incorrect statements and classifications are used.  Primary carcinoma of the liver (sometimes called Kupffer cell sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, angiomatous mesenchymoma, or hemangioblastoma) is uncommon in this country, and primary carcinoma of mesodermal origin is extremely rare. To date, 43 of these tumors in adults have been reported in the world literature.
Effect of age, sex, and site on the cellularity of the adipose tissue in mice and rats rendered obese by a high-fat diet
Authors: Daniel Lemonnier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Cell size and number of parametrial fat pads were determined in Swiss mice made obese by means of a high-fat diet (40% lard w/w) given ad lib. This diet and a control were introduced to two groups of mothers during gestation and lactation, and sucklings were given the same diets as their mothers at weaning and throughout life.2-wk old mice suckled by mothers fed a high-fat diet have fatter parametrial pads. This difference is due solely to an increase in fat cell size. After weaning, until the 18th wk, the two groups differed with a striking fat cell enlargement seen in the obese group. Later on, whereas cell numbers did not change in the control group, a constant and uninterrupted increase in number is shown in those of obese mice until the 52nd wk. Hyperplasia was observed only in adults. When the high-fat diet was introduced to adult rats it also triggered an increase in fat cell number. Three sites of fat pads were compared in both sexes at 32 wk of age. All sites increased in weight in the high-fat fed group. This was due to: hyperplasia in perirenal site, hypertrophy in epididymal and subcutaneous sites, and hyperplasia plus hypertrophy in the parametrial one. So, in each sex, adipose sites in the obese mice reacted to the diet in a site-specific way. It was concluded that the level of fat in a diet is involved in both formation and maturation of new fat cells and in the regulation of fat cell lipid content. The two processes may be separated or may act together according to the adipose tissue site.
Harvard Review of Psychiatry
Authors: Ira R. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Referring to the expanding number of psychiatric journals, the editorial in the initial issue of the<i>Harvard Review of Psychiatry</i>asks, "Why another one?" The editors answer this question with the observation that there has been a "growing need for a peer-reviewed publication that would provide [practitioners with] succinct, readily understood, and authoritative reviews of current approaches to psychiatric diagnosis and treatment." The editors also intend for this journal to serve as a "forum where critical issues affecting clinical practice [can] be discussed and, at times, debated by leaders in the field." This is a general journal, and its contents cover the breadth of the field of psychiatry in the form of reviews, "clinical challenges" that discuss individual cases from a variety of perspectives, original research reports, and a series of columns on areas as diverse as psychotherapy, forensic psychiatry, psychiatric education, neuroscience, mental health financing, epidemiology/genetics, and public policy.
CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS: AN UNUSUAL CASE
Authors: Sydney K. Beigler
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Approximately 300 cases of cavernous sinus thrombosis have been reported in the literature.<sup>1</sup>Of these, the great majority have occurred either by metastatic infection from a focus drained by this sinus, or by the extension of a neighboring infectious process. The case here reported gave very little evidence, either direct or presumptive, of an infectious etiology, and for that reason is of sufficient interest to warrant publication. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> F. B., a man, aged 29, single, a store clerk, admitted to the Wisconsin General Hospital, Feb. 14, 1925, had had diabetes since May, 1924, which had been treated by regulation of the diet with fair success. For the past six mouths his diet had not been carefully controlled, and he had a recurrence of the diabetic symptoms. For two weeks before admission he had not been feeling well, and on February 12 he suddenly noted that the right
Changes in coronary plaque color and morphology by lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin: serial evaluation by coronary angioscopy
Authors: Masamichi Takano, Kyoichi Mizuno, Shinya Yokoyama, Koji Seimiya, Fumiyuki Ishibashi, Kentaro Okamatsu, Ryota Uemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Factors That Predict Relief From Upper Abdominal Pain After Cholecystectomy
Authors: Johnson L. Thistle, George F. Longstreth, Yvonne Romero, Amindra S. Arora, Julie A. Simonson, Nancy N. Diehl, William S. Harmsen, Alan R. Zinsmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
ANOTHER DEATH FROM "NUGA-TONE"
Authors: Franklin Cauthorn
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Noting the article on "Nuga-Tone" in the Propaganda department ofThe Journal, May 17, I wish to report the death of a child, 3 years old, with typical symptoms of strychnin poisoning from eating an unknown number of "Nuga-Tone" tablets.
PTH-129 Development and Assessment of a Patient Information Leaflet Relating to the Harmful Effects of Excessive Alcohol Consumption. a Prospective Survey from a District General Hospital
Authors: A Bond, V Maddirala, E Hunter, R Saravanan
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcohol abuse is a major cause of preventable liver disease world wide. Alcohol related liver disease and associated death is rising at an alarming rate whilst all other causes of death are falling in the UK<sup>1</sup>. 38% of men and 16% of women (aged 16–64) misuse alcohol in England<sup>1</sup>. It is estimated that there are 7.1million hazardous or harmful drinkers and 1.1million dependent drinkers<sup>2</sup> in the UK. The East Cheshire NHS Trust was not utilising an effective patient information leaflet relating to the harmful effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Such leaflets can be vital in effective patient/public education, patient management and in aiding with altering health related behaviours. <h3>Methods</h3> A working group was established to develop the leaflet. <i>Alcohol Related Disease: Meeting the Challenge of Improved Quality of care and Better Use of Resources</i>, produced by the BSG, was the source of much of the statistics and data used in the leaflet1.Questionnaires were distributed and results were collated prospectively. <h3>Results</h3> 49 questionnaires were returned. 34 female and 15 male. 53% of people reportedthey had never seen a leaflet like this before, with 63% stating that they were surprised by the extent of the social, economic and health implications of excessive alcohol consumption. 51% stated that reading this leaflet would alter their alcohol consumption, with 92% stating they would pass the leaflet on to friends and family. 60% of people described the information as very easy to understand. 89% reported that the drink calculator was helpful in calculating their weekly alcohol consumption. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patient information leaflets play a vital role in patient education and altering health behaviours. Our leaflet appears to convey the relevant information well and will allow for effective education, together with behaviour modification and may assist in the management of patients with alcohol related liver disease. Larger prospective surveys are required to assess the impact of such leaflets and how they influence the long term management of such patients. We propose an electronic campaign in the form of an information leaflet for the dessimantion of information which would be cost effective, efficient and can be distributed reaching a wider population. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Moriarty, K<i> et a</i><b>l.</b> Alcohol Related Disease: Meeting the Challenge of Improved Quality of care and Better Use of Resources. A joint position paper on behalf of The British Society of Gastroenterology, Alcohol Health Alliance UK and British Association for Study of the Liver. 2010. Models of care for alcohol misusers. Guidance produced by The Department of Health. 2006.
Spontaneous Cervical Spine Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak With Resultant Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Benjamin Ong, William Fong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From the Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia. Received for publication January 15, 2003. Revision accepted May 19, 2003. Reprints: William Fong, MBBS, FRACP, Nuclear Medicine Department, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia, 4029. E-mail: [email protected].
Up With Excellence
Authors: Lois DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In David Hendin's response (228:290, 1974) to A Spooky Proposal, he has mixed so many ideas—some unrelated to my thesis and others misconstruing it—that it is difficult to sort them all out.  His statement  I insinuated that 'authenticity, literacy, scholarship' are not compatible with readability cannot be supported by any reasonable interpretation of my text. Hendin, however, mistakenly equates jazzing it up with readability. He also conveniently omitted the fourth item in my series—the 'real' thing— which is central to my thesis regarding honesty in authorship. 1 I am opposed to the deception of having the name of one person appear in the by-line of a scientific article when it was actually written by another. I am certainly not, however, advocating  physicians and scientists abdicate the responsibility of writing articles for publication in scholarly journals, since I believe  only those who are capable of