tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological rehabilitation after myocardial infarction.
Authors: L D Naismith, J F Robinson, G B Shaw, M M MacIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The value of psychological counselling in rehabilitating patients after myocardial infarction was assessed. A total of 143 men who had recently had a myocardial infarction were randomly allocated to either a group receiving intensive rehabilitation or a control group, their outcome being examined after six months. Patients with neurotic, introverted personalities had a poor outcome in the control group but a satisfactory outcome when rehabilitated. Neurotic personalities responded to help, and rehabilitative measures did not increase neurosis. In addition all patients with a negative attitude towards their illness and future had a poor outcome but those with a positive attitude did well. Selection by simple methods of patients who would benefit from psychological rehabilitation seems desirable.
Promising tumor‐associated antigens for future prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Yong Li, Paul J. Cozzi, Pamela J. Russell
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases among men in Western countries. There is currently no cure for metastatic castrate‐resistant CaP, and median survival for these patients is about 18 months; the high mortality rate seen is associated with widespread metastases. Progression of CaP from primary to metastatic disease is associated with several molecular and genetic changes that can affect the expression of specific tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) or receptors on the cell surface. Targeting TAAs is emerging as an area of promise for controlling late‐stage and recurrent CaP. Several reviews have summarized the progress made in targeting signaling pathways for CaP but will not be discussed here. We describe some important CaP TAAs. These include prostate stem‐cell antigen, prostate‐specific membrane antigen, MUC1, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet‐derived growth factor and its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. We summarize recent advancements in our understanding of their role in CaP metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic options for targeting CaP TAAs. We also discuss the origin, identification, and characterization of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the potential benefits of targeting prostate CSCs to overcome chemoresistance and CaP recurrence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 1, 67–101, 2010
Authors, Editors, and Readers in the Brave New (Electronic) World
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Editorials2 January 2001Authors, Editors, and Readers in the Brave New (Electronic) WorldFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorDr. Davidoff: American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As of 1 January 2001, we were finally launched into the new millennium, fully, and completely, and by anyone's reckoning (1). Memories of Y2K have faded; in retrospect our concerns about a technological meltdown look rather quaint, although at the time they were real enough. The Y2K flap did, however, remind us how tied we've become to electronic information systems (and in case we forgot, the “love” virus reminded us again last spring when it tore up our e-mail).Launching forth into this brave new world, we now have more than 6 months of experience with the new Annals Web ...References1. Davidoff F. www.annals.org[Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:92. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Davidoff F. Suppose there were no printers. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:57-8. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dr. Davidoff: American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Corresponding Author: Frank Davidoff, MD, American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPeer-review for the peer-review systemBringing science communication into the new millennium 2 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 1Page: 78KeywordsInformation technologyMemoryObservational studiesPeer reviewRandomized trials ePublished: 2 January 2001 Issue Published: 2 January 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
ABSOLUTE DELTA AND PEAK HS-CTN VALUES ARE SUPERIOR TO RELATIVE DELTA VALUES IN DIAGNOSING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN AN UNSELECTED CHEST PAIN POPULATION
Authors: Mikkel M. Schoos, Martin L. Nielsen, Jørgen Thode, Steen I. Hansen, Kasper Iversen, Peter Clemmensen, Rolf Steffensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Early Gastric Cancer: Its Surveillance and Natural Course
Authors: S. Shimizu, M. Tada, K. Kawai
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

The present status of screening for gastric cancer, and the natural course of the disease, are the concerns of this paper. The development of new diagnostic modalities has led to an increase in the percentage of early gastric cancers detected. Improvements in technology, and alterations in nutrient intake, are linked to the reduction in the mortality from gastric cancer that has taken place. Observation of the natural course of gastric cancer development shows that "early gastric cancer" is genuinely the early stage of gastric cancer, and not a term for a different disease phenomenon. A "malignant cycle" was shown to be implicated in the process of cancer development.
Chemical substance transport in soils and its effect on groundwater quality.
Authors: M G Khublarian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The problems of chemical substance applications in different spheres of industry and agriculture and their effects on groundwater quality and human health are described. Sources of groundwater contamination from industrial and municipal wastes, agricultural pollutants, etc., are listed. The experience in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the USSR is described. A brief estimation of groundwater salinity is given for various regions of the USSR where irrigation is practiced, as well as the experience in environmental protection. Special attention is given to methods of simulating water seepage and chemical substance transport in soils. Boundary problems for free-surface seepage and dissolved solids transport in porous media are stated, and methods of solution are described in the example of the hydrodynamic theory of seepage and dispersion. Some results of calculations with this method are presented. The influence of groundwater quality on the morbidity of the population is given and the main diseases and associated medical problems are listed.
Long–Term Follow–Up Study of Sustained Biochemical Responders With Interferon Therapy
Authors: Michiko Shindo, Kazushige Hamada, Yoko Oda, Tadao Okuno
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

A proportion of chronic hepatitis C patients who were treated with interferon have a sustained normalization of transaminase levels after interferon therapy without hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA clearance. We determined their clinical characteristics and long-term outcome in relation to progression to liver cirrhosis (LC) and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 250 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with interferon were studied for 8 to 11 years' posttherapy. Sixty-seven patients (27%) were complete responders with clearance of HCV RNA. Twenty-six (10%) were biochemical responders who had sustained normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels without viral clearance. The remaining patients were short-term responders (n = 70) and nonresponders (n = 87). Biochemical responders were older, had higher levels of pretreatment HCV RNA in serum than complete responders, and had less advanced liver histology than nonresponders. Histologic grading scores decreased significantly at the end of therapy, while the staging scores did not change significantly. The annual incidence of cirrhosis was 0% in biochemical and complete responders, which was significantly lower than nonresponders and the controls (P = .0001). The annual incidence of HCC was 0.37% in complete responders and 0.50% in biochemical responders, which was significantly lower than nonresponders (P = .0001 for both). Our findings suggest that biochemical responders had high pretreatment viral levels with less advanced liver histology, and their long-term outcome appeared to be good irrespective of the persistence of the virus.
OBSERVATIONS ON FRACTURES OF THE MANDIBLE
Authors: ROBERT H. IVY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Probably no fracture in the body is less understood or, as a general rule, worse treated than fracture of the mandible. The usual information given in surgical textbooks as to the practical management of these cases is vague, and consequently the surgeon, when confronted with a fractured lower jaw, is usually at a loss what to do. He either attempts to treat it with a head bandage, or passes the responsibility to a dentist with the request that a splint be made. Occasionally, and worst of all, he tries direct fixation of the fragments by plating or wiring. For these reasons, among others, it has been considered timely to report some observations made in thirtyone consecutive cases of fracture of the mandible recently under our care at the University of Pennsylvania. Of thirty-one cases, twenty-nine were in men and two in women. <h3>LOCATION</h3> The location of
Prescribing of lipid regulating drugs and admissions for myocardial infarction in England
Authors: Azeem Majeed, Paul Aylin, Susan Williams, Alex Bottle, Brian Jarman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Foster's case notes Prescribing of lipid regulating drugs and admissions for myocardial infarction in EnglandWe examined NHS primary care prescribing and hospital admissions data for acute myocardial infarction in England from 1996-7 to 2002-3.The national prescribing data came from the Department of Health, which collates information on all prescriptions dispensed in the community.The number of prescribed items for primary care trusts came from the PACT system, which collates information on prescriptions issued by general practitioners.w5 Data on admissions came from the hospital episode statistics system.To avoid double counting of diagnoses, we used admissions rather than consultant episodes as the numerator in the calculation of annual standardised admission ratios.We found that prescriptions of lipid regulating drugs (largely statins) increased from 3.1m to 17.6m items during 1996-2002, a total cost to the NHS of £571m in 2002 compared with £93m in 1996.The standardised admission ratio for acute myocardial infarction fell from the baseline of 100.0 in 1996-7 to 90.7 in 2001-2 before increasing to 95.8 in 2002-3 (fig 1).Primary care trusts showed a fourfold variation in prescribing of lipid regulating agents in 2002, from 180 to 730 items per
Dissection of Aorta as a Complication of Translumbar Aortography
Authors: H. Gaylis, J. W. Laws
Journal: BMJ (1956)

CANCER M 1141 radiotherapy, but it was applied as a routine to the scar whenever there was lymph-node invasion.In the unfavourable cases it did not, however, prevent local recurrence. ConclusionsRadical thyroidectomy has limited indications.Its elective indication is papillary or pleomorphic ortho- plastic cancer of slow evolution and with cervical lymphadenopathy.In such cases it is the operation of choice and gives the possibility of a ten-year cure with-
Two Consultations: Cognitive Services vs Procedures
Authors: Martha J. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding "Two Consultations," Dr Cowan's<sup>1</sup>point regarding relative charges for "cognitive" vs procedural charges is well taken. However, he misses the even more pertinent point that an elderly man with gastrointestinal tract bleeding was hospitalized for five weeks, received multiple transfusions, and supposedly was examined twice—by the admitting physician and a gastroenterologist—without a rectal examination. How does five weeks of hospitalization compare in price with the cost of a rectal examination?
Enteroviruses and congenital abnormalities.
Authors: P. D. Moss, C. K. Heffernan, J. G. Thurston, L. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDIALJOUHHow much easier it would be if platelet stickiness were expressed as the percentage of sticky platelets rather than as the percentage of non-sticky platelets, and how much more logical.That is: Platelet stickiness (%)= (Original Count minus Second Count) x 100Original Count With this simple transformation a high value would indicate a high degree of stickiness, and the need for mathematical gym- nastics from the reader would disappear.I would have thought that this subject is still sufficiently young to allow this break with tradition in the interests of simplicity.-I am, etc.,
MOVABLE KIDNEY.IS IT A SURGICAL LESION? IF SO, HOW IS IT BEST CORRECTED?
Authors: CHARLES C. ALLISON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

no edema of the external body, but without exception a high degree of intravascular and intracranial ten- sion.8. Lumbar drainage should be employed as a routine measure, together with all the known means of reduc- ing systemic pressure or hypertension.Among these the most valuable are free bleeding, free purging, free diuresis, and the administration of large doses of aco- nite.9.The ultimate cause of the vascular hypertension of uremia has not yet been discovered.It would appear
High Blood Pressure Trends in Children and Adolescents in National Surveys, 1963 to 2002
Authors: Rebecca Din-Dzietham, Yong Liu, Marie-Vero Bielo, Falah Shamsa
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Secular trend data on hypertension in children and adolescents are scarce and inconsistent. In the face of growing obesity, we sought to assess high blood pressure (HBP) secular trends in children and adolescents enrolled in national surveys and to determine whether the HBP trend reversed its course with the rise in obesity. Methods and Results— National survey data obtained from multistage probability sampling of the US noninstitutionalized population from 1963 to 2002 were examined; 8- to 17-year-old non-Hispanic blacks and whites and Mexican Americans were included. HBP ascertainment was based on age-, gender-, and height percentile–specific systolic and diastolic BPs. Weighted analyses were performed to account for the complex design. The BP, pre-HBP, and HBP trends were downward from 1963 to 1988 and upward thereafter. Pre-HBP and HBP increased 2.3% ( P =0.0003) and 1% ( P =0.17), respectively, between 1988 and 1999. Obesity increase, more so abdominal than general obesity, partially explained the rise in HBP and pre-HBP from 1988 to 1999. BP and HBP reversed their downward trends 10 years after the increase in the prevalence of obesity. Additionally, an ethnic and gender gap appeared in 1988 for pre-HBP and in 1999 for HBP; non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans had a greater prevalence of HBP and pre-HBP than non-Hispanic whites, and males had a greater prevalence than females. Conclusions— HBP and pre-HBP in children and adolescents are on the rise. These new findings have implications for the cardiovascular disease public health burden, particularly the risk of a new cardiovascular disease transition. They reinforce the urgent call for early prevention of obesity and HBP and illustrate racial/ethnic disparities in this age group.
To BaP or not to BaP? That is the question.
Authors: L S Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and animal carcinogen, is used by regulators as the basis for quantitative risk estimation of PAH-containing combustion by-products (1).Is BaP an appropriate predictor of cancer risk for products of incomplete combustion?A multidose, 2-year (chronic) feeding protocol developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is a study design for identifying and characterizing chemicals that pose a cancer risk.The National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and EPRI used this protocol to study tumor outcomes in mice fed BaP and coal tar (2).Coal tar is a BaP-containing material found in Superfund sites and in sites once used in the production of manufactured gas.Tumor incidence was very different for coal tar and BaP.Coal tar caused tumors in lung, skin, forestomach, small intestine, and liver and also caused hemangiosarcomas and histiosarcomas in various organs.BaP caused tumors in forestomach, tongue, esophagus, and larynx.
The Poaching Pooch and The Truffle Snuffler
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A comment in the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>of April 20 condones the use of the fearless canine in sniffing out hashish, even acknowledging the ability of the dog to detect the hash odor through drenchings of extracts of cheese or cologne. Misuse of man's best friend has also been noted in<i>Réalités</i>(April, 1972, pp 89-91) where the noble animal is lowered to the level of a poaching pooch in the traffic of truffle snuffling. This degrades the honorable pig in an unwholesome and smelly way. For centuries, His or Her Honor has been developed genetically, and trained olfactorily to snuffle the truffle with seniority and dignity. The pig has the decency to try to eat the truffle. The dog does not, any more than he chews hashish. The trick is to get the truffle away from the pig in time.<i>Cest le sport, bien entendu</i>. This
Variable region sequences of murine IgM anti-IgG monoclonal autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors). A structural explanation for the high frequency of IgM anti-IgG B cells.
Authors: M J Shlomchik, D A Nemazee, V L Sato, J Van Snick, D A Carson, M G Weigert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The nucleotide sequences of heavy and light chains from 10 monoclonal IgM anti-IgG1 (RF) antibodies were determined and reported here as translated amino acid sequences. Only three families of VK light chains were used in these antibodies: VK1 (two examples), VK8 (three examples), and VK19 (four examples). This represents a significant nonrandom selection of light chains. In contrast, all other variable region gene segments (i.e., VH, DH, JH, and JK) were used in a pattern consistent with random selection from the available pool of germline genes. In two cases, the same anti-IgG1 specificity was generated by a combination of very homologous light chains with unrelated heavy chains. We infer from this that the light chain is the segment used by these antibodies to bind IgG1. The nature of these sequences provides an explanation for the curious observation that as many as 15% of splenic B cells in normal mice may be expressing IgM anti-IgG; if, as our data suggest, certain light chains in combination with many different heavy chains can be used in assembling the anti-IgG specificity, then, because of combinatorial association in which the heavy chain is not relevant for specificity, the fraction of IgM-producing B cells expressing these light chains should approximate the fraction of B cells making IgM anti-IgG. We calculate, based on data presented in several other studies, that 5-17% of B cells express one of the VK types observed in monoclonal RF. This agrees well with estimates for the number of B cells making IgM anti-IgG. In addition, our findings could rule out other explanations of the high percentage of B cells making RF, such as constant stimulation by antigen or presence of numerous antigenic epitopes since it was shown that IgM anti-IgG1 antibodies are not somatically mutated and that they are structurally homogeneous. We aligned the VK sequences of the RF in hopes of finding some primary sequence homology between the represented VK families which might point to residues involved in the binding interaction. Although we found no such homology in the hypervariable regions, we did find significant and unexpected homology in the FR2 and FR3 of these light chains. We noted that these regions are exposed in the Ig structure and postulate that they may be involved in a unique type of binding interaction between two Ig family domains, i.e., VK binding to a constant region domain of IgG.
Potential role of dendritic cells in atherogenesis
Authors: A Link
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by Alderman et al. [13] (pages 806–819) in this issue. 

Dendritic cells (DCs), originally described by Steinmann and Cohn in 1973, play a crucial role in initiation of an immune response: they are the key antigen presenting cells (APCs) [1]. They originate from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow, migrate as immature precursors within the monocyte cell population in the blood stream, and emigrate into different tissues. Within these tissues, DCs differentiate (Fig. 1) and become active in taking up (pinocytosis; phagocytosis) and processing antigens bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I or MHC-II). In response to antigen-processing DCs mature, migrate to the T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs and activate naive T and B-lymphocytes. DCs with antigen-peptides bound to MHC-I molecules stimulate and activate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes [2]. Re-expression of antigens to MHC-II molecules results in stimulation of T helper cells … 

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