tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Undulin RNA and protein expression in normal and fibrotic human liver
Authors: Stefano Milani, Cecilia Grappone, Giulia Pellegrini, Detlef Schuppan, Hermann Herbst, Antonio Calabró, Alessandro Casini, Massimo Pinzani, Calogero Surrenti
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We have analyzed the distribution, gene expression and cellular origin of undulin, a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with mature collagen fibrils, in human liver by immunohistochemistry, Northern-blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In normal liver, undulin was distributed as densely packed fibers in portal tract stroma, and as fine fibers along sinusoids, and around central veins. Undulin ribonucleic acid expression was low in normal liver, and confined to mesenchymal cells of portal tract stroma, vessel walls and perisinusoidal space. In fibrotic liver, undulin deposition and gene expression were enhanced in fibrotic stroma and areas of fibrogenesis identified by the presence of active septa and inflammatory infiltrate. Undulin gene expression in fibrotic liver was exclusively localized in mesenchymal cells that could be identified by staining for vimentin, and partially for α-smooth muscle actin as (myo)fibroblasts, and possibly fat-storing cells. These data suggest that undulin is a constituent of the hepatic extracellular matrix of normal human liver, and that it participates in the rearrangement of connective tissue occurring in hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 1994;20:908–916).
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Authors: Daniel E. Ford, Douglas B. Kamerow
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As part of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, 7954 respondents were questioned at baseline and 1 year later about sleep complaints and psychiatric symptoms using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Of this community sample, 10.2% and 3.2% noted insomnia and hypersomnia, respectively, at the first interview. Forty percent of those with insomnia and 46.5% of those with hypersomnia had a psychiatric disorder compared with 16.4% of those with no sleep complaints. The risk of developing new major depression was much higher in those who had insomnia at both interviews compared with those without insomnia (odds ratio, 39.8; 95% confidence interval, 19.8 to 80.0). The risk of developing new major depression was much less for those who had insomnia that had resolved by the second visit (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 5.3). Further research is needed to determine if early recognition and treatment of sleep disturbances can prevent future psychiatric disorders. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1479-1484)
Renal Mass Associated With Polycythemia
Authors: Milton A. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Edward H. Eliscu: The patient is a 53-year-old white man who was well until one year prior to admission when he began to experience episodes of vertigo. This was relieved by phlebotomy after he was found to be polycythemic. Physical examination revealed a hemoglobin level of 17.8 gm/100 cc and a white blood cell count (WBC) of 8,100 cu/ mm, with a normal differential. Urinalyses showed 1 to 3 red blood cells and 2 to 4 white blood cells per high-power field. The blood volume was slightly high. Results of all other pertinent laboratory tests were normal. Intravenous pyelography was performed. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Weber, would you comment on the pyelograms. Dr. Alfred L. Weber: The most striking finding on the roentgenograms is the loss of contour of the lateral margin of the left kidney, whereas the upper and lower poles are well defined. In the
ASSOCIATION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKERS WITH HEART FAILURE FOLLOWING NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: RESULTS FROM THE MERLIN-TIMI 36 TRIAL
Authors: Zeeshan Syed, Moiz Ali, Benjamin Scirica, David Morrow, Collin Stultz, John Guttag
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Bile Composition at and after Surgery in Normal Persons and Patients with Gallstones
Authors: E. A. Shaffer, J. W. Braasch, D. M. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The biliary lipid composition of hepatic and gallbladder bile obtained at surgery was compared in 11 patients with cholesterol gallstones and in control subjects: 10 with pigment stones and 10 without biliary disease. Indwelling T-tubes allowed daily postoperative collections of bile for two to 20 weeks in seven patients with cholesterol gallstones and 11 controls. Patients with cholesterol gallstones (a) secreted hepatic bile that was supersaturated and clearly different from that in controls at surgery; and (b) after cholecystectomy, produced bile with a composition identical to that of controls without gallstones. Thus, the gallbladder is essential for the continuous production of lithogenic hepatic bile. To define the hepatic defect further, bile-salt synthesis was determined from dependent T-tube drainage in 10 patients with cholesterol stones. Under the stimulus of an interrupted enterohepatic circulation, hepatic synthesis increased fourfold. Since synthesis can increase in response to loss, the hepatic defect appears to be in feedback inhibition and requires the presence of the gallbladder.
Drugs and the fetal heart rate.
Authors: J de Haan, L A Stolte
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The note also states that "during 1970, 101 cases of malaria were reported by [Public Health] laboratories in the United King- dom."This figure is a serious underestimate of the total number of cases of malaria noti- fied in Britain.Information provided by the Department of Health and Social Security indicates that the quarterly returns of the Registrar General for 1970 quote 137 confirmed notifications of malaria in England and Wales.In addition to that the Scottish Home and Health Department received in 1970 not less than 24 notifications of malaria of which 19 were confirmed.This brings the known number of malaria cases in England, Wales, and Scotland to at least 156.Carswell and Stevenson2 reported recently that over the period 1965-9 the number of cases of malaria seen in Scotland averaged 20 per annum.Malaria is not notified in Northern Ireland but the cases confirmed by the Public Health Laboratories in 1970 were in- cluded in the figures reported in your note.
SOME NEW MEDICO-LEGAL QUESTIONS RELATING TO INEBRIETY.Read in the Section of State Medicine at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Eighteen centuries ago, Ulpian, the Roman Jurist wrote, "A man full of wine can neither see, hear, feel, or reason correctly." Recently Dr. T. E. Wright has stated this fact, and urged that the testimony of inebriates, while under the influence of spirits as to matters observed in that state, must never be accepted as true unless confirmed by other evidence. The common opinion prevalent is, that the inebriate unless stupidly intoxicated, has all his usual acuteness of perceptions and judgment, and in most cases may be more clear and accurateas to events and the consequence of his acts, than if sober. The law assumes and implies that the inebriate is always conscious of his acts and the consequences, and whatever the stupor may be which follows from intoxication, its short duration and uncertainty cannot affect the question of responsibility. This view has no support from scientific study and
Hyponatraemia and seizure due to overdose of trazodone.
Authors: G. Balestrieri, B. Cerudelli, S. Ciaccio, D. Rizzoni
Journal: BMJ (1992)

We describe a case of trazodone overdose in which hyponatraemia and seizures occurred.A 72 year old woman was admitted to hospital 10 hours after taking about 350 mg of trazodone.She had suffered from anxiety and depression for 10 years and had been prescribed trazodone 25 mg daily and oxazepam.She was also taking propranolol for hypertension.She denied alcohol misuse.Physical examination did not show any abnormality.She was fully oriented with a blood pressure of 180/100 mmHg and a pulse rate of 86 beats/min.Glucose and saline infusions were started at a rate of 1000 ml of 5% glucose and 500 ml of 0 9% saline a day.Twenty hours later she was sweaty and anxious.Her blood pres- sure was 210/110 mmHg and her pulse rate 120 beats/min.She ex- perienced two brief tonic-clonic seizures, which were treated with intravenous diazepam.At this stage her serum sodium concentration was 118 mmol/l, potassium 3 8 mmol/l, chloride 84 mmol/l, creatinine 62
Daclizumab (Zenapax) and ATG (Fresenius) as a part of quadruple induction immunosupression protocol in liver transplantation
Authors: P. Trunecka, S. Vitko, M. Ryska, H. Hrncarkova, F. Belina, P. Kolnik, J. Spicak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Outcomes in CCG-2961, a Children's Oncology Group Phase 3 Trial for untreated pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Beverly J. Lange, Franklin O. Smith, James Feusner, Dorothy R. Barnard, Patricia Dinndorf, Stephen Feig, Nyla A. Heerema, Carola Arndt, Robert J. Arceci, Nita Seibel, Margie Weiman, Kathryn Dusenbery, Kevin Shannon, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Robert B. Gerbing, Todd A. Alonzo
Journal: Blood (2007)
Chronic oral dipyridamole as a ?novel? antianginal drug: the collateral hypothesis
Authors: E PICANO, C MICHELASSI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Dipyridamole is an adenosine transport blocker that produces elevation of tissue adenosine levels. The oral formulation has long been used as a 'coronary vasodilator', but inappropriate vasodilation can lead to a pro-ischemic effect. However, available evidence linking adenosine to angiogenesis raises the possibility of a therapeutically relevant anti-ischemic effect of the drug. Molecular biology data show that in a hypoxic milieu, increased interstitial adenosine increases proliferation of endothelial cells in culture by stimulating A 1 and A 2 adenosine receptors and induces vascular endothelial growth factor which leads to angiogenesis. Morphologic data indicate that chronic, intermittent dipyridamole administration increased endomyocardial capillary length density by 33% in hypertensive and 11% in normotensive rabbits. Experimental data suggest that chronic treatment with dipyridamole increases collateral flow and decreases exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in the territory dependent upon a critical coronary stenosis. Clinical data indicate that the meta-analysis of all published double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials assessing the effect of dipyridamole as an antianginal agent showed a highly significant drug benefit (odds ratio = 0.299, confidence intervals = 0.202–0.443). Treatment duration (log time in days) was significantly correlated to the observed benefit (log odds) ( r = −75, P = 0.0031 ), consistently with a structural change in the collateral coronary circulation requiring time to emerge. The available data support the 'adenosine collateral hypothesis' (i.e., a beneficial angiogenetic effect of chronic endogenous adenosine accumulation). The angiogenetic effect would be different from the coronary vasodilator effect in several respects: coronary anatomical target (mainly capillaries instead of arterioles); cellular target (mainly endothelium rather than smooth muscle cell); receptor target (A 1 and A 2 rather than A 2 adenosine receptors); time required for effect (weeks or months rather than minutes or hours); clinical use (possibly therapeutic for angiogenesis; mainly diagnostic for vasodilator stress testing). Prospective, properly designed trials are needed to assess convincingly the efficacy of a drug used for 40 years and yet possibly prematurely discarded as an effective antianginal treatment.
[144] IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-PARIETAL CELL AUTOANTIBODIES (PCA) AS SEROLOGICAL MARKER OF RECURRENT PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: S. Ciesek, T. Becker, J. Klempnauer, M.P. Manns, C.P. Strassburg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Comparison of Scintigraphic Renal Differentials Using Radiolabeled Orthoiodohippurate and Glucoheptonate
Authors: ARNOLD F. JACOBSON, DALE T. MATSUOKA, GERARD F. FERENCY, RANDAL S. MIURA, SHARON A. AVRIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Differential renal blood flow and parenchymal mass were compared in 50 pairs of scintigraphic studies performed on 44 patients. Background corrected total kidney counts were determined between 1 to 2 minutes following injection of 1-123 or 1-131 orthoiodohippurate (OIH), and at 1 to 2.5 hours after injection of Tc-99m glucoheptonate (GHA). The OIH and GHA differentials agreed within 5% in 36 studies (72%). When the OIH differentials were symmetric (45% to 55% in each kidney), agreement with the GHA results was complete (17 out of 17). By comparison, 42% (14 out of 33) of studies with asymmetric OIH differentials had a >5% disparity from the GHA split function. Serum creatinine was elevated at the time of 9 out of 14 studies (64%) with OIH/GHA disagreement and 18 out of 36 studies (50%) with OIH/GHA agreement. Of the 14 studies with disparate OIH/GHA differentials, the GHA differential was more symmetric in 10 (71%). When different scinitigraphic measures of differential renal flow and parenchymal mass disagree, this is most likely due to the effects of asymmetric renal impairment rather than to those of global renal dysfunction.
China lays out bold plan to improve healthcare
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2015)

China’s State Council has laid out its five year plan for the healthcare system, with the aim of improving the ratio of healthcare workers to the population, expanding the private sector’s involvement in healthcare provision, and making greater use of technology to improve healthcare services.

The 2015 to 2020 plan, announced on 30 March, aims to increase China’s number of hospitals, so that there will be six hospital beds for every 1000 people, up from 4.55 …
What Role for Biologically Based Dose–Response Models in Estimating Low-Dose Risk?
Authors: Kenny S. Crump, Chao Chen, Weihsueh A. Chiu, Thomas A. Louis, Christopher J. Portier, Ravi P. Subramaniam, Paul D. White
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Biologically based dose-response (BBDR) models can incorporate data on biological processes at the cellular and molecular level to link external exposure to an adverse effect.Our goal was to examine the utility of BBDR models in estimating low-dose risk.We reviewed the utility of BBDR models in risk assessment.BBDR models have been used profitably to evaluate proposed mechanisms of toxicity and identify data gaps. However, these models have not improved the reliability of quantitative predictions of low-dose human risk. In this commentary we identify serious impediments to developing BBDR models for this purpose. BBDR models do not eliminate the need for empirical modeling of the relationship between dose and effect, but only move it from the whole organism to a lower level of biological organization. However, in doing this, BBDR models introduce significant new sources of uncertainty. Quantitative inferences are limited by inter- and intraindividual heterogeneity that cannot be eliminated with available or reasonably anticipated experimental techniques. BBDR modeling does not avoid uncertainties in the mechanisms of toxicity relevant to low-level human exposures. Although implementation of BBDR models for low-dose risk estimation have thus far been limited mainly to cancer modeled using a two-stage clonal expansion framework, these problems are expected to be present in all attempts at BBDR modeling.The problems discussed here appear so intractable that we conclude that BBDR models are unlikely to be fruitful in reducing uncertainty in quantitative estimates of human risk from low-level exposures in the foreseeable future. Use of in vitro data from recent advances in molecular toxicology in BBDR models is not likely to remove these problems and will introduce new issues regarding extrapolation of data from in vitro systems.
Adenosine Partially Prevents Cirrhosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
Authors: Rolando Hernández-muñoz, Mauricio Díaz-muñoz, Jorge Suárez, Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Adenosine administration was tested in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis and was able to partially prevent the enlargement of liver and spleen induced by the toxin. This amelioration of the hepatomegaly was accompanied by a 50% reduction of the liver collagen deposition and preservation of content of glycosaminoglycans. A stimulated hepatic collagenase activity is apparently the mechanism for reduction of collagen accumulation. These effects were associated with a striking improvement in liver function. Adenosine treatment did not modify the late hepatotoxic effect of the carbon tetrachloride; however, the stimulatory effect of the nucleoside on energy state appeared to counteract the drastic decreases in adenine nucleotides, ATP, ATP/ADP ratio and energy charge elicited by the hepatotoxin. Moreover, a possible beneficial action of enhanced hepatic oxygenation caused by the vasodilator properties of adenosine cannot be ruled out. Regardless of the mechanism, adenosine seems to change the cellular response to the injury induced by the hepatotoxin.
A Combination of Buprenorphine and Naltrexone Blocks Compulsive Cocaine Intake in Rodents Without Producing Dependence
Authors: Sunmee Wee, Leandro F. Vendruscolo, Kaushik K. Misra, Joel E. Schlosburg, George F. Koob
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

An opioid agonist and antagonist, given together, decrease cocaine abuse in rodents without causing dependence and provide a potential treatment for cocaine addiction.
LECTURES ON MEDICAL ECONOMICS
Authors: Myer Solis-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In connection with your editorial comment on "Teaching of Social Medicine" inThe Journal, Dec. 7, 1940, page 2001, it may interest you to know that in each of the last three years the speakers' bureau of the Committee on Public Relations of the Philadelphia County Medical Society has furnished six lecturers on socialized medicine for the classes in economics in the various schools of the University of Pennsylvania.
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mediator S100A4 Maintains Cancer-Initiating Cells in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Jeng-Fan Lo, Cheng-Chia Yu, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Chih-Yang Huang, Chia-Ing Jan, Shu-Chun Lin, Chung-Ji Liu, Wen-Yuan Hu, Yau-Hua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) comprise a rare subpopulation of cells in tumors that are proposed to be responsible for tumor growth. Starting from CICs identified in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), termed head and neck cancer-initiating cells (HN-CIC), we determined as a candidate stemness-maintaining molecule for HN-CICs the proinflammatory mediator S100A4, which is also known to be an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. S100A4 knockdown in HN-CICs reduced their self-renewal capability and their stemness and tumorigenic properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, S100A4 overexpression in HNSCC cells enhanced their stem cell properties. Mechanistic investigations indicated that attenuation of endogenous S100A4 levels in HNSCC cells caused downregulation of Notch2 and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/pAKT along with upregulation of PTEN, consistent with biological findings. Immunohistochemical analysis of HNSCC clinical specimens showed that S100A4 expression was positively correlated with clinical grading, stemness markers, and poorer patient survival. Together, our findings reveal a crucial role for S100A4 signaling pathways in maintaining the stemness properties and tumorigenicity of HN-CICs. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeting S100A4 signaling may offer a new targeted strategy for HNSCC treatment by eliminating HN-CICs. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1912–23. ©2010 AACR.
A Multi-Institution Phase I/II Trial of Triweekly Regimen with S-1 Plus Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kaoru Kubota, Hiroshi Sakai, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Hideo Kunitoh, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Koji Takeda, Yukito Ichinose, Nagahiro Saijo, Yutaka Ariyoshi, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
IGF-I Regulates Redox Status in Breast Cancer Cells by Activating the Amino Acid Transport Molecule xC−
Authors: Yuzhe Yang, Douglas Yee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) stimulate cell growth in part by increasing amino acid uptake. xCT (SLC7A11) encodes the functional subunit of the cell surface transport system xC(-), which mediates cystine uptake, a pivotal step in glutathione synthesis and cellular redox control. In this study, we show that IGF-I regulates cystine uptake and cellular redox status by activating the expression and function of xCT in estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer cells by a mechanism that relies on the IGF receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Breast cancer cell proliferation mediated by IGF-I was suppressed by attenuating xCT expression or blocking xCT activity with the pharmacologic inhibitor sulfasalazine (SASP). Notably, SASP sensitized breast cancer cells to inhibitors of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) in a manner reversed by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Thus, IGF-I promoted the proliferation of ER(+) breast cancer cells by regulating xC(-) transporter function to protect cancer cells from ROS in an IRS-1-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that inhibiting xC(-) transporter function may synergize with modalities that target the IGF-IR to heighten their therapeutic effects.
Discriminating Between Preservation and Reperfusion Injury in Human Cardiac Allografts Using Heart Weight and Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: James P. Slater, Mehrdad M.R. Amirhamzeh, Osvaldo J. Yano, Aamir S. Shah, Joanne P. Starr, Richard J. Kaplon, William Burfeind, Paolo Pepino, Robert E. Michler, Eric A. Rose, Craig R. Smith, Henry M. Spotnitz, Mehmet C. Oz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Myocardial edema caused by injury during preservation or reperfusion can affect cardiac function after heart transplantation. This study was designed to distinguish these forms of injury in human allografts.In 15 donor hearts preserved in University of Wisconsin solution, heart weight (HW) was obtained immediately after explantation and after transport before implantation. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated separately in 18 patients with the use of epicardial two-dimensional echocardiograms obtained both before explantation from the donor and after transplantation and weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. While changes in LVM could be due to preservation or reperfusion injury, changes in HW can only be due to edema occurring during transport. HW averaged 339 +/- 24 g (mean +/- SE) before and 340 +/- 24 g after transport (P = NS); however, LVM increased 14 g, from 164 +/- 8 to 178 +/- 11 g (P < .05, paired t test). LVM increased in 10 of 18 patients (56%). No correlation was demonstrated between duration of ischemia (mean, 172 +/- 13 minutes) and changes in HW or LVM. Two patients died as a result of primary graft failure. In the first, HW increased 54 g, 2 SD above the mean. In the second, LVM increased 66 g, 2 SD above the mean, but HW changed minimally.While current preservation methods result in minimal change in HW during transport, reperfusion injury frequently increases LVM. LVM determination by two-dimensional echocardiography may prove valuable in detecting allograft injury.