tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Papillary Muscle Ischemia in Myocardial PET
Authors: Adam P. Steinmetz, Michael N. Maisey, Ruth Hardoff
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Purpose: Conventional nuclear medicine equipment lacks sufficient spatial resolution to reliably visualize the papillary muscles (PM). Positron emission tomography (PET), however, can adequately visualize these structures using various positron emitters. Methods and Patients: We present various patterns of PM observed on myocardial PET imaging in 4 patients. These patterns demonstrate different pathologic conditions such as PM ischemia of varying severity, as well as hibernation, using both N-13 NH3 and F-18 FDG as perfusion and metabolic agents, respectively. These patterns of infarction, stress-induced myocardial ischemia, or hibernation can be identified in one or both PM using PET scanning. Normal PM visualization on chest F-18 FDG PET images is also presented. Conclusion: This report illustrates the potential ability of myocardial PET as a noninvasive modality to study the perfusion and metabolic abnormalities of the PM.
Letter: I.U.D. and hydrorrhoea.
Authors: J T Wright
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A case report of hydrorrhea gravidarum occurring while a Grafenberg ring intrauterine device (IUD) was in place is presented. In the 22nd week of pregnancy, a profuse, watery vaginal discharge developed. Examination revealed a normal fetus. However, in the 32nd week, pink staining from the discharge was observed, and a grade 1 anterior placenta previa was diagnosed. Upon caesarean section, a blood clot, through which protruded a broken segment of the Grafenberg ring, was found. It is suggested that hydrorrhea gravidarum is caused by an irritant, such as blood or a foreign body, between the membranes and the decidua. Thus, placental separation is a possible consequence of the presence of an IUD during pregnancy.
Seasonal clustering of sarcoidosis presenting with erythema nodosum
Authors: ML Wilsher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Seasonal clustering of sarcoidosis presenting with erythema nodosum (EN) has previously been reported only in the northern hemisphere. Of 59 patients presenting to a single centre in New Zealand with a new diagnosis of sarcoidosis, 21 had EN and three more had acute arthralgia without EN. These patients were compared with the rest of the cohort. The patients with EN or arthralgia alone presented exclusively between April and December, with peak clustering in the spring months of August, September and October (p<0.001, Fisher's exact test). This cohort was more likely to have a stage I chest radiograph and to be female (p<0.05), but there were no other differences between the groups. This is the first report of seasonal clustering in the southern hemisphere suggesting a common environmental trigger in the aetiology of sarcoidosis.
Chemotherapy near the end of life
Authors: M. W. Rabow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A difficult decision with potentially unexpected implications

Even as cancer treatments become more effective, we can still wonder about the symbolic meaning behind decisions to pursue chemotherapy near the end of life. Although most patients with metastatic cancer choose to receive palliative chemotherapy, evidence suggests that most do not clearly understand its intent.1 In decision making about chemotherapy, doctors are supposed to describe, and patients are supposed to understand, the direct outcomes of the proposed treatment (for example, clinical response rates and side effects). However, the broader implications of such decisions can be just as important. In the linked paper by Wright and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.g1219),2 choosing palliative chemotherapy was associated with a whole set of outcomes that may not have been known, expected, or discussed by patients, their family caregivers, and their oncologists.

Wright and colleagues studied the outcomes of a cohort of 386 cancer patients who died during the Coping with Cancer Study, a federally funded cohort study of terminally ill cancer patients and their informal caregivers.3 Wright and colleagues’ participants were patients at eight US outpatient oncology clinics who had advanced cancer refractory to …
XPD Lys751Gln polymorphism in the etiology and outcome of childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group report
Authors: Parinda A. Mehta, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, James S. Elliott, Tiffany A. Wilke, Rebekah J. Kennedy, Julie A. Ross, John P. Perentesis, Beverly J. Lange, Stella M. Davies
Journal: Blood (2005)
An Outbreak of Infection due to Salm. Typhi-murium
Authors: F. E. Camps
Journal: BMJ (1946)

In view of the possibility of similar outbreaks of infection it is felt that a short preliminary description of this epidemic is justified at this stage, although the investigation is not yet complete in full detail.On Thursday, July 4, three cases of acute gastro-enteritis were notified in the Witham Urban District.There were a further twelve cases on the Friday, and a large number of cases on the Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, giving the classical picture of an explosive outbreak.
"Needle Freaks": Compulsive Self-Injection Drug Users
Authors: DAVID G. LEVINE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The compulsive use of hypodermic needles as an end in itself is illustrated two case reports. The author explains this behavior in terms of conditioning theory and psychodynamics and explores the possibilities for treatment. He notes that needle use is in many cases an important component in addiction to narcotics, a component whose significance should be recognized by those engaged in the treatment of addiction.
28 Taurocholate feeding prevents the functional damage of intrahepatic bile ducts induced by adrenergic denervation in a PI3K dependent manner
Authors: M MARZIONI, S GLASER, H FRANCIS, S TAFFETANI, L MARUCCI, A BENEDETTI, D ALVARO, J PHINIZY, B BAUMANN, J VENTER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Cholangiocytes (ie, the epithelial cells that line the bile ducts) are an important subset of liver cells. They are actively involved in the modification of bile volume and composition, are activated by interactions with endogenous and exogenous stimuli (eg, microorganisms, drugs), and participate in liver injury and repair. The term cholangiopathies refers to a category of chronic liver diseases that share a central target: the cholangiocyte. The cholangiopathies account for substantial morbidity and mortality given their progressive nature, the challenges associated with clinical management, and the lack of effective medical therapies. Thus, cholangiopathies usually result in end-stage liver disease requiring liver transplant to extend survival. Approximately 16% of all liver transplants performed in the United States between 1988 and 2014 were for cholangiopathies. For all these reasons, cholangiopathies are an economic burden on patients, their families, and society. This review offers a concise summary of the biology of cholangiocytes and describes a conceptual framework for development of the cholangiopathies. We also present the recent progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of and how this knowledge has influenced therapies for the 6 common cholangiopathies—primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cystic fibrosis involving the liver, biliary atresia, polycystic liver disease, and cholangiocarcinoma—because the latest scientific progress in the field concerns these conditions. We performed a search of the literature in PubMed for published papers using the following terms: cholangiocytes, biliary epithelia, cholestasis, cholangiopathy, and biliary disease. Studies had to be published in the past 5 years (from June 1, 2009, through May 31, 2014), and non-English studies were excluded.
AN ATRAUMATIC TYPE OF SURGICAL NEEDLE
Authors: Herbert M. Ill
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For the past few years I have been dissatisfied with the eye in the surgical needle because it necessitates doubling the catgut at that point, with the resulting resistance of pulling the catgut through the tissue. Therefore I have devised an atraumatic type of needle, which can be used repeatedly. Making use of the fact that catgut swells in water, I thought of drilling a hole in the end of a needle just large enough to admit the contracted catgut as found in the sterile ampule, and having irregularities in the sides of the wall to allow for swelling of the gut to form resistance from pulling it out. After considerable experimentation at the plant of the Driver Harris Company of Harrison, N. J., such a needle was perfected, and it has proved highly satisfactory. This needle is made for any size catgut desired, and any shape, with no greater
Surveillance of patients at high risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma using digital dermoscopy
Authors: J. Bauer, A. Blum, U. Strohhäcker, C. Garbe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Dermoscopy has improved the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis of melanoma from 60% to over 90%. However, in order not to miss melanoma a certain percentage of suspicious but benign lesions has to be excised.To evaluate the dermoscopic changes and the rates of excision in benign melanocytic naevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma in long-term follow-up of high-risk patients using digital dermoscopy.Digital dermoscopic images of 2015 atypical melanocytic naevi in 196 high-risk patients were analysed retrospectively. Among others, the following data were collected for each naevus: changes in surface area, overall architecture, dermoscopic patterns and distribution of pigmentation. All tumours suspicious for melanoma or showing asymmetrical changes were excised.During a median follow-up time of 25 months 128 (6.4%) of all naevi showed changes in size or architecture. Eighty-six per cent of all changes in patients who attended more than one visit were observed at the first follow-up visit. Thirty-three lesions showing changes were excised and two melanomas in situ and 31 melanocytic naevi were diagnosed.Follow-up examinations using digital dermoscopy revealed unchanged morphology in the large majority of melanocytic naevi. Excisions were only performed in cases of asymmetrical growth, asymmetrical changes of pigmentation, or development of dermoscopic features indicative of melanoma. The ratio of 33 lesions excised in order to identify two melanomas in situ seems reasonable and may be further reduced in future.
EARLY DIASTOLIC UNTWIST RATE FOR ASSESSMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION; A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND HYPERTROPHIC VENTRICLES WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Hamid Reza Salehi, Wajih Syed, Lissa Sugeng, Ayan Patel, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Of Physicians and Politics
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ten years ago at a scientific meeting, a chairman complained about impending cutbacks in government funding for research. He urged delegates to contact their congressmen so that their investigative integrity and independence might be preserved. Then the presiding officer was amazed to hear the highly intelligent, superbly educated researchers admit one after another, like dominoes falling, that they did not even know the names of their congressmen. In the late 1960s, psychiatry came under attack. It was the first medical specialty to be besieged by dissident consumer groups and coalitions of radicals who challenged its practices and policies. The nonpsychiatric medical community stood by, even judging some of the onslaught to be appropriate. Many physicians considered psychiatry outside the pale of medicine; they remained indifferent to the assaults, leaving psychiatry to fend for itself. In the mid-1970s, experienced, diligent obstetricians, insisting on maintaining high standards by not exposing newborns to
Rheumatoid bursitis extending into the clavicle and to the skin surface.
Authors: L W Bassett, R H Gold, J M Mirra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

A woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed persistent sterile drainage from a cutaneous fistula after biopsy of an inflamed supraclavicular mass. Radiographs showed several cavities in the underlying clavicle. Inability to culture a pathogen and failure of the fistula to heal despite empirical courses of antibiotic therapy led to surgical intervention. The final diagnosis, based on careful histological analysis by special staining techniques, was rheumatoid bursitis extending into the clavicle and to the skin surface.
Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Suspected Myocarditis
Authors: Ingrid Kindermann, Michael Kindermann, Reinhard Kandolf, Karin Klingel, Burkhard Bültmann, Thomas Müller, Angelika Lindinger, Michael Böhm
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic indicators in patients with suspected myocarditis who underwent endomyocardial biopsy. Methods and Results— Between 1994 and 2007, 181 consecutive patients (age, 42±15 years) with clinically suspected viral myocarditis were enrolled and followed up for a mean of 59±42 months. Endomyocardial biopsies were studied for inflammation with histological (Dallas) and immunohistological criteria. Virus genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The primary end point was time to cardiac death or heart transplantation. In 38% of the patients (n=69), the Dallas criteria were positive. Immunohistological signs of inflammation were shown in 50% (n=91). Genomes of cardiotropic virus species were detected in 79 patients (44%). During follow-up, 22% of the patients (n=40) reached the primary end point. Three independent predictors were identified for the primary end point, namely New York Heart Association class III or IV at entry (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 7.57; P =0.008), immunohistological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates in the myocardium (hazard ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 8.62; P =0.008), and β-blocker therapy (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.91; P =0.027). Ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index were predictive only in univariate, not in multivariate, analysis. Neither the Dallas criteria nor the detection of viral genome was a predictor of outcome. Conclusions— For patients with suspected myocarditis, advanced New York Heart Association functional class, immunohistological signs of inflammation, and lack of β-blocker therapy, but not histology (positive Dallas criteria) or viral genome detection, are related to poor outcome.
EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION FOLLOWING THE INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF ACID
Authors: M. C. Winternitz, G. H. Smith, F. P. McNamara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

The damage caused by the introduction of acid into the pulmonary parenchyma is repaired rapidly. The depth of the necrosis determines which elements will participate in the repair. If epithelium alone is injured, epithelium alone takes part in the repair. When the damage involves the deeper tissue, organization by granulation competes with and impedes the development of the epithelium. An overproduction of the epithelium occurs and may form bronchiolar polypi or extend into the peribronchial tissue.
Brief Communication: Sleep Curtailment in Healthy Young Men Is Associated with Decreased Leptin Levels, Elevated Ghrelin Levels, and Increased Hunger and Appetite
Authors: Karine Spiegel, Esra Tasali, Plamen Penev, Eve Van Cauter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Total sleep deprivation in rodents and in humans has been associated with hyperphagia. Over the past 40 years, self-reported sleep duration in the United States has decreased by almost 2 hours.To determine whether partial sleep curtailment, an increasingly prevalent behavior, alters appetite regulation.Randomized, 2-period, 2-condition crossover clinical study.Clinical Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.12 healthy men (mean age [+/-SD], 22 +/- 2 years; mean body mass index [+/-SD], 23.6 +/- 2.0 kg/m2).Daytime profiles of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and subjective ratings of hunger and appetite.2 days of sleep restriction and 2 days of sleep extension under controlled conditions of caloric intake and physical activity.Sleep restriction was associated with average reductions in the anorexigenic hormone leptin (decrease, 18%; P = 0.04), elevations in the orexigenic factor ghrelin (increase, 28%; P < 0.04), and increased hunger (increase, 24%; P < 0.01) and appetite (increase, 23%; P = 0.01), especially for calorie-dense foods with high carbohydrate content (increase, 33% to 45%; P = 0.02).The study included only 12 young men and did not measure energy expenditure.Short sleep duration in young, healthy men is associated with decreased leptin levels, increased ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.
Abstract P3-14-07: A Phase 1 Study To Assess the Safety, Tolerability and PK of ARRY-380 — An Oral HER2 Inhibitor
Authors: SL Moulder, T Baetz, S D ‘Aloisio, G Fernetich, B Sajan, B Freeman, E Barrett, KM Guthrie, CL Kass, MD Chia SKL.
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: ARRY-380 is a potent, orally active small molecule that selectively inhibits HER2 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2+ MBC or other tumor types with published evidence of HER2 expression were treated with ARRY-380 as a single oral dose on C1 D1 followed by continuous dosing on C1 D3, in a BID schedule. Dose escalation was performed using standard DLT rules after all pts within a cohort completed the first cycle. Serial PK assessments were performed on D 1, 2, 3 and on D 15 of C1. Preliminary Results: As of 1 June, 2010, 30 pts have been treated at doses ranging from 25 mg to 800 mg BID. Pts had a median age of 57 years (range: 31-77 years). Cancer types included HER2+ MBC (n=23), CRC (n=6), and salivary gland (n=1). All HER2+ MBC pts had received prior trastuzumab and most (78%) had received prior lapatinib. The MTD (600 mg BID) has been determined in the dose escalation study. ARRY-380 was generally well-tolerated. One DLT of reversible grade 3 AST and one DLT of reversible grade 3 AST/ALT were noted at the 800 mg BID dose level. Other related AEs have been predominantly mild and include Grade 1 nausea, rash, and fatigue and Grade 2 fatigue. No treatment-related cardiac events have been reported. PK analyses indicate a trend for increasing Cmax and AUC with increasing dose, a median Tmax of 2 hours, and a mean t1/2 of 5.3 hours across doses. Of the 15 HER2+ MBC pts evaluable for response at doses ≥200 mg BID, 1 (7%) pt had a confirmed PR and 8 (53%) had SD accompanied by regression of tumor lesions. Of the 8 pts with SD, 5 pts demonstrated SD for ≥4 months. The rate of PR + SD ≥4 months was 43%. The HER2+ MBC pt with a PR had complete regression of all target and non-target lesions and a change in CEA from 71.1 to 3.5 ng/mL [NR = 0.0-3.0 ng/mL]. This pt is currently in Cycle 5 and has received 6 prior lines of therapy for advanced disease with a best response of PD on lapatinib. Conclusions: ARRY-380 has demonstrated a generally well-tolerated safety profile with a low incidence and severity of rash and diarrhea. ARRY-380 has shown promising signs of antitumor activity in a heavily pretreated HER2+ MBC population (43% of pts with PR or SD ≥4 months). These safety and preliminary efficacy data compare favorably to historical data of other HER2-targeted agents. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-07.
Holland Claims the Microscope.
Authors: J. VanderLaan
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me to call your attention to an error inThe Journalof September 14th, which mistake I have recently seen in one or more other journals. On page 385 ofThe Journal, under the caption of "The Tercentennial of the Microscope," you ascribe the invention of that highly useful instrument to a Zacharias Janssen, of Magdeburg, the capital of a Prussian province, Saxony. Zacharias Janssen, to whom belongs the credit of constructing the first<i>compound</i>microscope (the simple microscope was known previous to that time), was not a German but a<i>Hollander</i>, born and reared in<i>Middelburg</i>, the capital of the province of Zeeland, one of the eleven provinces of the United Netherlands. Germany and the Germans seem particularly anxious to monopolize the credit of most of the<i>useful</i>inventions—now they lay claim to the invention of the microscope. "Honor to whom honor is due." Muskegon,
Localization of Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma in Recurrent Postoperative Hyperparathyroidism With Tc-99m Sestamibi SPECT
Authors: DONALD R. NEUMANN, CALDWELL B. ESSELSTYN, JAMES EASTWOOD, THOMAS W. RICE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid tissue in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperpara-thyroidlsm after previous surgical neck exploration has been a difficult diagnostic problem. As a complicating factor, approximately 20% of parathyroid glands are found in ectopic locations, the mediastinum being the most frequent of these sites. Recently, Tc-99m sestamibi has been reported to successfully detect and localize parathyroid adenomas preoperativeiy. In this patient with postoperative, recurrent hyperparathyroidism, Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT demonstrated abnormal focal accumulation in a mediastinal location, which correlated with a surgically proven parathyroid adenoma.
P24 Iontophoresis of a model peptide across human skin in vitro: effects of iontophoresis protocol, pH and ionic strength on peptide flux and skin impedance
Authors: W.H.M.Craane-van Hinsberg, L. Bax, N.H.M. Flinterman, J. Verhoef, H.E. Junginger, H.E. Boddé
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1994)
COMPARISON OF LIVER BLOOD FLOW VALUES ESTIMATED BY THE BROMSULPHALEIN AND BY THE RADIOGOLD METHOD
Authors: Herbert Vetter, Georg Grabner, Rudolf Höfer, Anton Neumayr, Otto Parzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

In a previous paper (1) we have described a method of following the disappearance of intravenously injected colloidal radioactive gold from the circulation in man and have discussed the possibilities of calculating liver blood flow from the disappearance rate constant as the fraction of blood volume perfusing the liver per unit time. If liver blood flow values estimated in this way could be demonstrated to be correct this method should have many advantages over other methods currently in use: it does not require hepatic vein catheterization; with only one blood sample withdrawn for determination of hematocrit and plasma volume, it does not involve any undue blood loss to the patient; being exceedingly simple and mechanized to a considerable extent by the use of counting rate meters and recorders, it can be carried out by a single technician; it can be repeated several times without exposing the patient to any risk thereby enabling observation of changes in hepatic circulation over any period of time. Hepatic blood flow values estimated by this method in 25 normal subjects (18 males and 7 females) were found to average 1310 ml. per min. (1) and thus to be somewhat lower but still within the range of normal values reported by other groups who used the bromsulphalein or other methods. However, even this difference might not have been a real one. In this laboratory the observed venous hematocrit is corrected for trapped plasma and for the uneven distribution of cells and plasma within the whole body circulation. This leads to a blood volume which is about 14 per cent lower than that which is calculated from the uncorrected hematocrit. None of the groups of investigators whose results have been compared