tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequent Transmission of HTLV-III Among Spouses of Patients With AIDS-Related Complex and AIDS
Authors: R. R. Redfield, P. D. Markham, Syed Zaki Salahuddin, M. G. Sarngadharan, A. J. Bodner, T. M. Folks, W. R. Ballou, D. C. Wright, R. C. Gallo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Seven cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) associated with human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus (HTLV)-III infection were documented in married males whose family members consented to medical evaluation. Five spouses also had evidence of HTLV-III infection documented by isolation of virus and by detection of serum antibody directed against viral structural proteins. Three of the five HTLV-positive spouses also had clinical evidence of ARC. The remaining four spouses were clinically healthy. Eleven children (between 14 months and 13 years of age) were also evaluated for evidence of disease and exposure to HTLV-III. Only one 14-month-old child was seropositive for antibody to HTLV-III. These data support the opinion that close household contact to patients with ARC or AIDS is not an efficient mechanism for virus transmission, while demonstrating that HTLV-III can be transmitted by repeated heterosexual contact. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1571-1573)
EXAMINATION OF THE EYE BY OBLIQUE ILLUMINATION, WITH THE BINOCULAR MAGNIFIER.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The original form of the binocular magnifier was that of two partial lenses cemented together at an angle. Its proportions were not what have since proved to be the best, but they were sufficiently good to make it a very practical working instrument, as soon as it had been learned how to use it. But the writer's first attempt to employ it, persisted in until it caused severe eyeache and headache, resulted in complete failure; so that the lens was thrown aside for weeks before the second attempt was made. The same difficulty has been experienced by others. The use of such lenses seems easiest to young persons who have worked little with optical instruments, and are accustomed only to normal binocular vision. In proportion as one has learned to use monocular optical instruments, like the microscope and ophthalmoscope, and especially the ordinary magnifier or corneal loupe, is the difficulty
Consent for Invasive Procedures in the Newly Deceased
Authors: Torben Wisborg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the January 25,1995, issue ofThe JOURNAL, Dr McNamara and colleagues<sup>1</sup>presented the results from a small but important study on the feasibility of obtaining consent for teaching an invasive airway procedure in newly deceased patients. Recently, this also has been discussed in other medical journals.<sup>2-4</sup>As anesthesiologists involved in the teaching of emergency skills to medical students and other medical personnel, we would like to make some comments. There is no doubt that we have an obligation to ensure that emergency medical team members in the future achieve the best possible competence in the treatment of acutely ill and injured patients. Few skills are more vital than the ability to secure the airway (specifically, performing an endotracheal intubation). Today, physicians seldom get enough training to develop this demanding psychomotor skill, and newly deceased patients represent a valuable teaching source. No model can mimic
Contribution of fibrin stabilization to clot strength. Supplementation of factor XIII-deficient plasma with the purified zymogen.
Authors: L Shen, L Lorand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The contribution of fibrin stabilization to clot strength, measured as the static elastic modulus, was evaluated in human plasma by two independent procedures. In the first approach, amine inhibitors of fibrin stabilization were examined for their effects on the rigidity of normal plasma clots. It is a unique property of these inhibitors that they do not interfere with the reversible aggregation of fibrin molecules, i.e., do not delay clotting time, but selectively prevent only the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine protein-to-protein linkages. Though the compounds tested were of different chemical structures and potencies, a fivefold reduction in clot strength was obtained in each instance. This value of 20% of normal seems to correspond to the rigidity of the Factor XIII-deficient plasma clot because, as demonstrated by the second approach, when a plasma specimen that genetically lacked the fibrin stabilizing factor was supplemented by the addition of measured amounts of the purified zymogen, a fivefold increase in clot strength could be achieved. The described procedure of evaluating Factor XIII in terms of correcting the elastic modulus of a deficient plasma clot is considered an important assay for the functional competence of purified preparations of the zymogen for the purpose of therapeutic application.
No-Suicide Decisions: Patient Monitoring of Suicidal Risk
Authors: ROBERT C. DRYE, ROBERT L. GOULDING, MARY E. GOULDING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe a simple, rapid method by which patients with any suicidal ideas can determine for themselves and the evaluator what risk actually exists. The patient states how long he is willing to stay alive, without qualification, in the form of a decision rather than a promise or agreement with the evaluator. This method has been used successfully in various settings and with seriously ill patients.
Design, development and production of nano-particle-based anticancer vaccine targeting human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase (HAAH)
Authors: Biswajit Biswas, Solomon Stewart, Kanam Malhotra, Michael Lebowitz, Steven Fuller, Carl Merril, Hossein Ghanbari
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts HAAH is a protein that is over-expressed in cancer cells and is presented on the surface of the cells and in the growth zone of the tumors. It plays a central role in the etiology of cancer, namely, in proliferation, motility and invasion. It is, however, an embryonic protein
Metric Body Temperature
Authors: RICHARD J. NOVEROSKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 March 1972Metric Body TemperatureRICHARD J. NOVEROSKE, M.D.RICHARD J. NOVEROSKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-514_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The conversion of ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE to metric measurement is a good step. You are in the vanguard of this good movement. I hope more medical journals follow your example. As physicians, with an obligation to teach—primarily by example—we should be in the front of metrication.Use of Celsius by physicians is no problem of consequence; everybody wants to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius with a chart or scale but that's laborious and defeats metrication. We want people to think bilingually with regard to measurement. Use of Celsius for clinical medicine is simple if one remembers that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Metric Association Inc. 3901 Lincoln Ave. Evansville, Ind. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1972Volume 76, Issue 3Page: 514-515KeywordsChartsTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
More relevant, precise, and efficient items for assessment of physical function and disability: moving beyond the classic instruments
Authors: J F Fries, B Bruce, J Bjorner, M Rose
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objectives:</b> Patient reported outcomes (PROs) have become standard study endpoints. However, little attention has been given to using item improvement to advance PRO performance which could improve precision, clarity, patient relevance, and information content of "physical function/disability" items and thus the performance of resulting instruments. <b>Methods:</b> The present study included1860 physical function/disability items from 165 instruments. Item formulations were assessed by frequency of use, modified Delphi consensus, respondent judgement of clarity and importance, and item response theory (IRT). Data from 1100 rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and normal ageing subjects, using qualitative item review, focus groups, cognitive interviews, and patient survey were used to achieve a unique item pool that was clear, reliable, sensitive to change, readily translatable, devoid of floor and ceiling limitations, contained unidimensional subdomains, and had maximal information content. <b>Results:</b> A "present tense" time frame was used most frequently, better understood, more readily translated, and more directly estimated the latent trait of disability. Items in the "past tense" had 80–90% false negatives (p&lt;0.001). The best items were brief, clear, and contained a single construct. Responses with four to five options were preferred by both experts and respondents. The term physical function may be preferable to the term disability because of fewer floor effects. IRT analyses of "disability" suggest four independent subdomains (mobility, dexterity, axial, and compound) with factor loadings of 0.81–0.99. <b>Conclusions:</b> Major improvement in performance of items and instruments is possible, and may have the effect of substantially reducing sample size requirements for clinical trials.
Andrew Dennis Smalley
Authors: D. Smalley, A. Smalley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective:</b> We wished to elucidate the patient experience of undergoing a lumbar puncture (LP) at a teaching hospital to identify elements that could be modified to improve the patient experience and integrate patient perspective into standardized LP teaching curricula. <b>Background:</b> Although the LP has been practiced for over 100 years, virtually no literature attends to the experience of adults undergoing LP. Evidence suggests that patients are apprehensive about this procedure. LP training curricula typically have not drawn from the patient experience. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a qualitative study based on in-depth semi-structured, narrative-based interviews conducted with 30 inpatients and outpatients who had recently undergone LP, using maximum variation sampling. Each transcript will be analyzed by multiple co-authors using a hybrid qualitative description and utilization-focused evaluation framework. <b>Results:</b> 30 patient interviews were conducted. The average age of patients was 44.7 years (range: 18 to 80) and 63[percnt] were female. The most common diagnoses were multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and unclear diagnosis. Emerging themes from the interviews include: 1) many patients find the LP to be benign, but there are patients for whom it is highly painful and frightening; 2) patients with longstanding symptoms without diagnosis may see the LP as a procedure of “last resort,” often expected to give a definitive diagnosis; 3) despite the perceived importance of the procedure, they are often surprised by delays in receiving results; 4) for some patients, back pain after LP can be severe and last days. <b>Conclusions:</b> Preliminary results suggest that although the LP is seen as a simple procedure by physicians, patient perceptions are different. We recommend increased attention to explaining why the test is being performed and quick follow-up of results. A specific plan for back pain control may reduce patient suffering. Quantitative studies measuring the effect of such interventions are warranted. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Lapalme-Remis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chalk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Macdonald has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grimes has received research support from AbbVie. Dr. Van Gaal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Day has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mackay has nothing to disclose.
And if you add chromium, that's even better
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Supplements of the mineral chromium in relatively high amounts may have beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism and on serum lipid levels. That's the suggestion from a study reported at the recent New Orleans meeting of the American Institute of Nutrition by nutritional biochemists Marilyn Polansky, MS, and Richard Anderson, PhD. At the US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center in Beltsville, Md, Polansky and Anderson selected 41 healthy adult volunteers for the sequential double-blind crossover study. All subjects received daily supplements of inorganic chromium salt for three months, tablets of brewer's yeast (one of the richest known sources of bioactive chromium) for three months, and placebo for three months. With the inorganic salt and the yeast, total chromium intake was 200 μg/day. The provisional recommended daily allowance is 50 to 200 μg. The investigators measured serum lipid levels and response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Biology of Brain Dysfunction
Authors: Simon Horenstein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This is the first of a new series of periodical volumes the purpose of which is the "collation and meaningful synthesis [of new] information relevant to the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction." The collation has been successful, though the goal of synthesis has been incompletely attained. In ten long and detailed chapters of separate authorship, the book considers chemical, genetic, viral, and immunological topics. There is no clear, unifying theme, although several authors have attempted to relate their subjects to the generality of brain dysfunction. However, there has been no effort to treat in depth the clinical aspects of the individual topics. The book is quite expensive. There are but a few photographs and these rather poorly reproduced. Line drawings, charts, and graphs are adequate, as is the index. All chapters contain numerous references. The volume opens auspiciously with an extensive, up-to-date discussion by Neufeld and Barton of disordered mucopolysaccharide metabolism
Rehospitalization Rates of Chronically Ill Schizophrenic Patients Discharged on a Regimen of Risperidone, Olanzapine, or Conventional Antipsychotics
Authors: Jonathan Rabinowitz, Pesach Lichtenberg, Zeev Kaplan, Mordechai Mark, Danielle Nahon, Michael Davidson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the rehospitalization rates of patients discharged from the hospital while being treated with risperidone, olanzapine, or conventional antipsychotics. METHOD: By using Israel's National Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry, rehospitalization status was monitored for all patients with schizophrenia who were discharged from any inpatient psychiatric facility in Israel while taking risperidone (N=268) or olanzapine (N=313) between Jan. 1, 1998, and Dec. 31, 1998, and a group of patients discharged during that time who were treated with conventional antipsychotics (N=458). Time to readmission over the course of 2 years was measured by the product-limit (Kaplan-Meier) formula. RESULTS: The readmission rate for patients discharged while taking conventional antipsychotics was higher than the rates for patients treated with either risperidone or olanzapine. At 24 months, 67% of the risperidone-treated patients and 69% of the olanzapine-treated patients remained in the community, as compared to 52% of the patients treated with conventional antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the rehospitalization rates of patients taking the novel antipsychotics risperidone and olanzapine are not different from each other and are considerably lower than the rate for patients treated with conventional antipsychotics. The results confirm findings of previous studies suggesting that the levels of overall effectiveness of risperidone and olanzapine are not very different and offers evidence that these drugs are more effective in preventing rehospitalization than conventional antipsychotic drugs.
Amyloid in intervertebral discs: a histopathological investigation of surgical material from 100 consecutive operations on herniated discs.
Authors: C Ladefoged, O Fedders, O F Petersen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Material from 100 consecutive operations on herniated discs has been investigated for amyloid. Various degrees of amyloid degeneration were found in disc tissue from 41 patients. Material from patients over 50 years old showed significantly more amyloid than that from younger patients; there was no sex difference. Eighteen patients had previously been operated on for herniated discs; seven of these (39%) had pyrophosphate deposits in their disc tissue, often in close topographical relation to amyloid. 26% of the patients had calcium phosphate deposits and 29% had slight inflammation--both without relation to amyloid. No pathogenetic correlation between amyloid degeneration and herniation of intervertebral disc tissue could be shown.
Can a cat smother and kill a baby?
Authors: M S Kearney, L B Dahl, H Stalsberg
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Can a cat smother and kill a baby?Whether a cat can smother and kill a baby was asked in the BMJ in 1981.1An expert replied that it was theoretically possible but he had never heard of such a case and considered it to be an old wives' tale.1 We describe such a tragedy. Case reportA 5-week-old previously healthy baby girl was found in her pram with a cat lying over her face.She was deeply cyanosed and gasping.Her father, a doctor, gave mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and her colour and breathing became normal after about 30 seconds.A few hours later she had severe diarrhoea, fever, and poor peripheral circulation and was admitted to hospi- tal.Examination showed no abnormalities apart from her blue-grey colour and tachypnoea.There was biochemical evidence of slight dehydration with
Who Has Capacity?
Authors: Benjamin Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

“Someone else should get the liver,” the patient told me, “somebody with kids or a family.” Mr. D. was lying in his hospital bed with his hands folded atop his distended belly. Alcoholism had cost him his career as a software engineer, his marriage, and the goodwill of his siblings. Now it was threatening to cut his life short. He'd been sober for nearly 6 months and might qualify for placement on the transplant list. But no, Mr. D. told his medical team. Someone else should get the liver, somebody who deserved it more. That was when they called me . . .
Heart Disease: Women's Unique Risks Demand Attention
Authors: Kathryn S. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Currents15 November 1997Heart Disease: Women's Unique Risks Demand AttentionKathryn S. BrownKathryn S. BrownSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Responding to what it calls a “silent epidemic,” the American Heart Association (AHA) has released new guidelines to help physicians prevent, diagnose, and treat heart disease in women (Circulation. 1997; 96:2468-99). The AHA also unveiled a national survey of 1000 women ages 25 and older in which fewer than one third said they had discussed heart disease with a physician. Only 8% considered heart disease their biggest health threat. In reality, heart disease kills half a million women each year-more than all types of cancer combined (Box).Numbers Tell the Story- Coronary heart disease (CHD) kills half a million ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kathryn S. Brown PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRisk factors and outcome of in-hospital ischemic stroke in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes 15 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 10Page: 952-953KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCongenital heart diseaseCoronary heart diseaseDeath ratesEstrogensHigh density lipoproteinHormone replacement therapyLongitudinal studiesMedical risk factorsStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endogenous GATA Factors Bind the Core Sequence of the tetO and Influence Gene Regulation with the Tetracycline System
Authors: David J. Gould, Yuti Chernajovsky
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

The tetracycline-regulated eukaryotic gene expression systems have been applied in numerous areas of bioscience. The systems utilize a tetracycline-responsive promoter (Ptet) and synthetic transactivators (tTA or rtTA) that bind to the promoter in the presence or absence of doxycycline, regulating gene expression. Both the basal activity of the Ptet and the magnitude of regulation by the system vary between cell types. In this investigation we have mapped the positions of endogenous transcription factor binding sites within the Ptet and through deletion studies determined the portion of the promoter that contributes to basal activity. The tetracycline operator (tetO) repeats appear to be the source of basal activity and they were shown to harbor motifs for GATA transcription factors. The GATA motif is located within the central core of the tetO and so has the potential to compete with tTA and rtTA binding. The molecular interactions of endogenous and overexpressed GATA factors with the GATA motif in the tetO were demonstrated and effects on function of the tetracycline-regulated gene expression system investigated. GATA factors are widespread in embryonic tissues, are expressed within several adult cell types, and display altered expression in disease states. We suggest that endogenous GATA factor expression may influence the degree of gene regulation by the tetracycline system between different cell types. The findings of this study may have implications for the application of the tetracycline system in gene therapy.
Bone marrow necrosis in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia during administration of G-CSF and rapid hematologic recovery after allotransplantation of peripheral blood stem cells
Authors: Yoshio Katayama, Seigo Deguchi, Katsuji Shinagawa, Takanori Teshima, Kenji Notohara, Koji Taguchi, Eijiro Omoto, Mine Harada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling was performed for a 38-year-old male with refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia. The patient was conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). G-CSF (300 μg/body) was started for priming of residual leukemic cells 24 hrbefore the beginning of TBI (day −9). However, intolerable generalized bone pain appeared shortly after the start of first dose of G-CSF, and persisted for 3 days in spite of the cessation of G-CSF. Posttransplant hematopoietic engraftment was very rapid. Bone marrow biopsy specimens on day 14 and 30 showed typical bone marrow necrosis histologically. This is the first case of bone marrow necrosis during administration of G-CSF, and our experience suggests that PBSC could repopulate hematopoiesis in spite of severe bone marrow necrosis. Am. J. Hematol. 57:238–240, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prophylactic use of lithium carbonate? More data concerning its use in manic-depressive illness
Authors: G. K. Spring
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A group of nine manic patients received lithium carbonate after an acute manic attack and were followed up for a period of from three months to one year. Five of the nine patients relapsed. A cautious and critical approach to the subject of the prophylactic use of lithium carbonate is necessary.