tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should statins be prescribed for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Authors: A. Connor, C. Tomson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most patients with early chronic kidney disease are managed in primary care. These patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; the lower the estimated glomerular filtration rate, the higher the risk.1 Patients with stages 1 to 4 of chronic kidney disease are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than to require renal replacement therapy, and cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among dialysis and transplant patients.2 

However, the causal pathway is unclear; conventional cardiovascular risk factors (including dyslipidaemia) may also cause kidney disease progression, but kidney disease may also cause cardiovascular disease through pathways unrelated to dyslipidaemia. The benefits of lipid lowering treatment in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with preserved renal function are well established.3 4 Recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends treatment with statins for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in all patients with chronic kidney disease, irrespective of the lipid profile, although patients with chronic kidney disease remain less likely to be prescribed statins after a cardiovascular event, despite the side effects being similar to those of placebo.5 6 7 However, the role of statins in primary prevention among patients with chronic kidney disease remains uncertain.

We searched PubMed for randomised controlled trials comparing statins with placebo or no treatment in adult patients with chronic kidney disease, using the following search terms: “statin”, “chronic kidney disease”, and “renal failure”.

### Primary prevention

Whether the association …
Poisoning young minds.
Authors: C W Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

For some neurotoxic chemicals, neurobehavioral effects are now considered to be among the most sensitive end points yet detected, particularly if exposures occur during critical windows of vulnerability. Chemically induced problems with perception and cognitive ability in children can be hard to identify; teasing them out of a host of genetic and sociocultural influences is a difficult task. Today, most data on environmentally relevant neurobehavioral effects in children are concentrated in three chemicals: lead, methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls. But mounting evidence of the neurobehavioral effects of chemicals along with growing public concern over pediatric mental health problems such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder dictates that scientists and legislators improve test methods, explore mechanisms, and develop appropriate strategies for risk assessment and policy making.
CLOPIDOGREL AND COUMADIN THERAPY COMPARED TO TRIPLE ANTITHROMBOTIC THERAPY IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Vinil Kumar Badri, Vamsi Kodumuri, Param Singh, Sandeep Khosla, Rohit Arora
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Causes Reduced Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: M. Christensen, H. W. Hendel, V. Rasmussen, L. Højgaard, S. Schulze, J. Rosenberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Previous studies have shown that up to 50% of healthy patients may develop ST-segment changes during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of the study was to evaluate myocardial blood flow in patients during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).11 patients scheduled for ERCP were monitored with a Holter tape recorder and underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphies, to evaluate myocardial perfusion at rest and during ERCP.Ten patients completed the study. Eight patients had no sign of myocardial ischemia with either of the two methods, while two patients developed signs of ischemia during ERCP with both the Holter tape recording and on myocardial scintigraphy (P = 0.02).Patients undergoing ERCP may develop true myocardial ischemia with reduced myocardial blood flow. Although this is a small-scale study, these findings strongly support the use of alternative methods for diagnostic evaluation of the pancreatic duct and biliary tree.
CCM3 signaling through sterile 20–like kinases plays an essential role during zebrafish cardiovascular development and cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Xiangjian Zheng, Chong Xu, Annarita Di Lorenzo, Benjamin Kleaveland, Zhiying Zou, Christoph Seiler, Mei Chen, Lan Cheng, Jiping Xiao, Jie He, Michael A. Pack, William C. Sessa, Mark L. Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Cerebral cavernous malformation is a common human vascular disease that arises due to loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding three intracellular adaptor proteins, cerebral cavernous malformations 1 protein (CCM1), CCM2, and CCM3. CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3 interact biochemically in a pathway required in endothelial cells during cardiovascular development in mice and zebrafish. The downstream effectors by which this signaling pathway regulates endothelial function have not yet been identified. Here we have shown in zebrafish that expression of mutant ccm3 proteins (ccm3Δ) known to cause cerebral cavernous malformation in humans confers cardiovascular phenotypes identical to those associated with loss of ccm1 and ccm2. CCM3Δ proteins interacted with CCM1 and CCM2, but not with other proteins known to bind wild-type CCM3, serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 (MST4), sterile 20–like serine/threonine kinase 24 (STK24), and STK25, all of which have poorly defined biological functions. Cardiovascular phenotypes characteristic of CCM deficiency arose due to stk deficiency and combined low-level deficiency of stks and ccm3 in zebrafish embryos. In cultured human endothelial cells, CCM3 and STK25 regulated barrier function in a manner similar to CCM2, and STKs negatively regulated Rho by directly activating moesin. These studies identify STKs as essential downstream effectors of CCM signaling in development and disease that may regulate both endothelial and epithelial cell junctions.
Opioid receptor blockade reduces Fas-induced hepatitis in mice
Authors: Martial Jaume, Sébastien Jacquet, Pierre Cavaillès, Gaëtane Macé, Lionel Stephan, Catherine Blanpied, Cécile Demur, Pierre Brousset, Gilles Dietrich
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Fas (CD95)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and cytotoxic activity of neutrophils infiltrating the injured liver are two major events leading to hepatitis. Because it has been reported that opioids, via a direct interaction, sensitize splenocytes to Fas-mediated apoptosis by upregulating Fas messenger RNA (mRNA) and modulated neutrophil activity, we assumed that opioids may participate in the pathophysiology of hepatitis. Using the hepatitis model induced by agonistic anti-Fas antibody in mice, we showed that opioid receptor blockade reduced liver damage and consequently increased the survival rate of animals when the antagonist naltrexone was injected simultaneously or prior to antibody administration. Treatment of mice with morphine enhanced mortality. Naloxone methiodide-a selective peripheral opioid antagonist-had a protective effect, but the absence of opioid receptors in the liver, together with lack of morphine effect in Fas-induced apoptosis of primary cultured hepatocytes, ruled out a direct effect of opioids on hepatocytes. In addition, the neutralization of opioid activity by naltrexone did not modify Fas mRNA expression in the liver as assessed with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Injured livers were infiltrated by neutrophils, but granulocyte-depleted mice were not protected against the enhancing apoptotic effect of morphine. In conclusion, opioid receptor blockade improves the resistance of mice to Fas-induced hepatitis via a peripheral mechanism that does not involve a down-modulation of Fas mRNA in hepatocytes nor a decrease in proinflammatory activity of neutrophils.
1116-13 Chronic therapy with eplerenone reduces tubulin-alpha and -beta mRNA expression and increases titin mRNA expression in dogs with heart failure
Authors: Sharad Rastogi, Sudhish Mishra, Ramesh Gupta, George Suzuki, Hideaki Morita, Sidney Goldstein, Hani N Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Effects of Sleep-disordered Breathing on Cerebrovascular Regulation
Authors: Barbara J. Morgan, Kevin J. Reichmuth, Paul E. Peppard, Laurel Finn, Steven R. Barczi, Terry Young, F. Javier Nieto
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Cerebrovascular regulation is impaired in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea; however, it is unknown whether this impairment exists in individuals with less severe sleep-disordered breathing.
Intense Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>regulatory T-cell infiltration is associated with high-grade cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and counterbalanced by CD8<sup>+</sup>/Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>ratio
Authors: B. Azzimonti, E. Zavattaro, M. Provasi, M. Vidali, A. Conca, E. Catalano, L. Rimondini, E. Colombo, G. Valente
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Recent reports have revealed the therapeutic potential of cell-mediated immunity in neoplasms such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).To define the antigenic coexpression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and assess the CD8(+) /Foxp3(+) CD25(+) cell ratio at peritumoral and intratumoral levels in order to investigate a correlation with the aggressiveness of SCC tumours.We evaluated the content and distribution of Foxp3(+) CD25(+) Treg and CD123(+) pDC infiltration and assessed CD8(+) /Foxp3(+) CD25(+) cell ratio at peritumoral and intratumoral levels in 40 SCCs (20 well-differentiated, G1; and 20 moderately to poorly differentiated, G2-G3) to investigate a correlation with their aggressiveness. We determined the profiles of Tregs and CD123(+) cells; immunostained for CD4, CD8, CD123, interleukin (IL)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1; and unequivocally double stained for Foxp3CD25.Peritumorally, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3 expression showed no difference between the two groups. CD123(+) cells were fewer in G2-G3 (P = 0·0005), while Foxp3(+) CD25(+) cells were more numerous (P = 0·0005). The Foxp3(+) CD25(+) /Foxp3(+) ratio was higher in G2-G3 cases (P = 0·0005), confirming the trend in this group of activated T lymphocytes towards total Treg Foxp3(+) cells, while the CD8(+) /Foxp3(+) CD25(+) ratio was higher in G1 (P = 0·0005). Intratumorally, CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells infiltrated G2-G3 (P = 0·048) more than G1 (P = 0·004), whereas almost all cells were CD123 negative. Regarding Foxp3CD25, TGF-β1 and IL-10, they were less expressed in G1, whereas they were positive in G2-G3 (P < 0·05). The CD8(+) /Foxp3(+) CD25(+) ratio was similar to that observed in peritumoral infiltration.Our data suggest that intratumoral recruitment of Tregs, high expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10, almost negative CD123+, and a low CD8(+) /Foxp3(+) CD25(+) T-cell ratio may contribute to the aggressiveness of cutaneous SCC, as already evidenced for other solid tumours.
Abstract 3529: Evaluation of PRI vitamin D analogues, alone or with enhancers, as antileukemia agents
Authors: Jing Zhang, Hanna Baurska, Xiangwen Chen-Deutsch, Elzbieta Gocek, Jonathan S. Harrison, Marek Kielbinski, Michael Danilenko, Andrzej Kutner, Ewa Marcinkowska, George P. Studzinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The physiological form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) has well established anti-cancer activity, but its potential use in the clinic is limited by the danger of life-threatening hypercalcemia. Efforts to overcome this difficulty include structural modifications of 1,25D, as well as enhancement of its activity by other compounds. In this study we have combined these two approaches by comparison of the efficacy of the induction of differentiation in AML using analogs synthesized in the Warsaw Pharmaceutical Research Institute(PRI), alone or with its enhancers carnosic acid (CA), a plant antioxidant, and SB202190 (SB), an inhibitor of p38MAPK α, β. The PRI analogs have previously been shown to have low calcemic activity in animals, and while the analogs PRI-1906 (24-ene-1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2) and PRI-2191([24R]-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3) had greater activity on established AML cell lines than their congeners, their relative potency on AML blasts was not entirely clear. We therefore studied an additional cohort of 20 patients with AML, and when sufficient cell numbers were available the analogs were supplemented with CA and SB to form a “differentiation cocktail” for study ex vivo. In this series we found that there was variability in the differentiation responses between individual patients, but the majority (∼90 %) of the blast samples responded to 1,25D and to both analogs. The intensity of the response was greatly increased when the “differentiation cocktail” was used rather than the analog alone, and while there was a similarity between the potencies of PRI-1906 and PRI-2191, the most robust responses in this series were seen when PRI-1906, alone or with CA and SB, was used. The strength of responses correlated with the enhancement of VDR expression in treated cells studied by Western blots. We conclude that PRI analogs 1906 and 2191 supplemented with CA and SB merit further scrutiny as candidates for chemoprevention/ differentiation therapy of AML. (Supported by USAPH NIH grant RO1 CA 44722-20 from NCI to GPS, the ISF grant 778/07 to MD, by Wroclaw Research Center EIT+ Operational Programme Innovative Economy, 1.1.2; POIG 01.01.02-02-003/08-00 to EM, and by the Foundation for Polish Science to EG). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3529. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3529
Front-of-Package Food Labels
Authors: Marion Nestle, David S. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
State of the art lecture: Mediastinal EUS
Authors: P. Vilmann, F. Herth, M. Krasnik
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) was originally developed for gastrointestinal diseases [1]. However, it very soon became apparent that a considerable part of the mediastinum can be reached and tissue sampled by this method [2]. Trans-esophageal EUS guided biopsy of lesions in the mediastinum is a minimal invasive diagnostic method which can spare patients from much more aggressive and risky methods. At present both cytology as well as histology can be obtained by EUS guidance which has broadened the range of applications for EUS even further. The main indications of EUS guided biopsy in the mediastinum is at present staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), diagnosis of lymph nodes of unknown nature, staging of a wide range of cancers if CT has demonstrated enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and differentiation between specific cancers or lymphomas for accurate diagnosis (EUS guided histology).
Desire, Expectation and Reality in a Union Health Program
Authors: Lorin E. Kerr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

AN overwhelming desire of organized labor — the largest single organized body of consumers —is ready accessibility of comprehensive medical care at a cost that the economy can afford to pay. This need, which is not being met at present, has created such a demand for medical care that today nearly every negotiated wage agreement makes some provision for payment of doctor and hospital bills. When this demand was fortified by the 1946 success of the United Mine Workers of America in establishing its Welfare and Retirement Fund there was only a handful of negotiated medical-care programs. Today, 21 years . . .
Understanding the Brain: 19th Century Scientists
Authors: H. R. Rollin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>CONFERENCE PROCEEDING</h3> Proceedings of the PDA/FDA Adventitious Viruses in Biologics: Detection and Mitigation Strategies Workshop in Bethesda, MD, USA; December 1–3, 2010 Guest Editors: Arifa Khan (Bethesda, MD), Patricia Hughes (Bethesda, MD) and Michael Wiebe (San Francisco, CA) Viral contamination of biotech product facilities is a potentially devastating manufacturing risk and, unfortunately, is more common than is generally reported or previously appreciated. Although viral contaminants of biotech products are thought to originate principally from biological raw materials, all potential process risks merit evaluation. Limitations to existing methods for virus detection are becoming evident as emerging viruses have contaminated facilities and disrupted supplies of critical products. New technologies, such as broad-based polymerase chain reaction screens for multiple virus types, are increasingly becoming available to detect adventitious viral contamination and thus, mitigate risks to biotech products and processes. Further, the industry embrace of quality risk management that promotes improvements in testing stratagems, enhanced viral inactivation methods for raw materials, implementation and standardization of robust viral clearance procedures, and efforts to learn from both epidemiologic screening of raw material sources and from the experience of other manufacturers with regard to this problem will serve to enhance the safety of biotech products available to patients. Based on this evolving landscape, we propose a set of principles for manufacturers of biotech products: Pillars of Risk Mitigation for Viral Contamination of Biotech Products.
Dutch doctors complain about long wait for judgments in cases of euthanasia
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors in the Netherlands who carry out voluntary euthanasia must wait up to eight months before knowing whether they face a criminal investigation after an “enormous” rise in numbers of cases has swamped an already stretched reporting system.

The Dutch Medical Association describes the situation as “serious,” with “unrest” among doctors. One doctor had written complaining that his euthanasia report this summer would not be considered until April.

Under the 2002 law doctors have a legal obligation to report voluntary euthanasia (where a doctor ends a patient’s life at his or her explicit request) and assisted suicide (where the patient takes a deadly drug but the doctor assists) to one of five regional assessment committees consisting of a …
Spontaneous publishing and academic miscarriages (SPAM)
Authors: D. Healy
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In 1991, in the week that the Food and Drug Administration held regulatory hearings on fluoxetine and suicide, the BMJ published an article by Lilly employees exonerating fluoxetine, although the article showed a clear increase in risk with treatment and included under the heading of placebo a suicide that had not happened in the randomised phase of the trials.1 2 This likely played a part in the way academics worldwide …
The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on <i>in vitro</i> proliferation of CD4<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>, and CD19<sup>+</sup> cell populations derived from allergic and healthy donors
Authors: E. Holen, S. Elsayed
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on in vitro proliferation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and CD19 + B cells, positively selected by immunomagnetic separation, was investigated. The cells were obtained from allergic patients with moderate serum IgE levels and mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, and healthy controls. The different cell subfractions were stimulated with mitogens or specific allergens, as well as cell supernatants from the lymphoblastoid B‐ (RPMI 8866) and T‐hybridoma (166 A 2 ) cell lines. Proliferative responses of T‐ and B‐cell subsets stimulated with mitogens together with recombinant interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2) or accessory cells (AC) could be inhibited by DSCG. In allergic individuals, significant allergen‐specific stimulation could be observed in the CD8‐depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractions. Isolated CD4 + T cells, without AC or IL‐2, could also be stimulated with specific allergen, but the responses were rather low. DSCG inhibited, concentration dependently, all allergen‐induced responses. Interestingly, only atopic derived CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were stimulated by soluble low‐affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRII/sCD23) and IgE binding factor (IgEBF), including IgE enhancing factor, present in culture supernatants from RPMI 8866 and 166 A 2 , respectively. These responses were also inhibited by DSCG. This was in contrast to the amplifying effect of DSCG on spontaneously proliferating RPMI 8866 and 166 A 2 cells, cultured in fresh cRPMI 1640 medium without sCD23 and IgE enhancing factor. Our results show that DSCG delivers an inhibitory signal or signals to PBMC subpopulations expressing FcɛRII/sCD23, either upregulated by phytohemagglutinin in normal and atopic cells, or by allergens or sCD23 in atopic cells. The findings suggest that sCD23 in supernatants or in serum may reverse the general inhibitory mode of DSCG.
Cellular Membrane Potentials and Contractility of Normal Rat Atrium and the Effects of Temperature, Tension and Stimulus Frequency
Authors: PHILIP B. HOLLANDER, J. LEYDEN WEBB
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Simultaneous recording of membrane potentials and contractility in isolated rat atria by means of intracellular micro-electrodes and a sensitive strain gage has been used to establish the normal characteristics of the tissue as well as effects of temperature, stimulus frequency and initial tension on muscle. Preliminary correlations between duration of the action potential and the degree of contraction indicate that the rate of repolarization is of major importance in determination of the contractile response.