tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autologous tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the infiltrate of human metastatic melanomas. Activation by interleukin 2 and autologous tumor cells, and involvement of the T cell receptor.
Authors: K Itoh, C D Platsoucas, C M Balch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

TIL from metastatic melanoma proliferated by greater than 1,000-fold (840-3,675, mean 1,543) after 6 wk in culture of mixtures of TIL and tumor cells with rIL-2 alone. Cytolysis was restricted to autologous tumor cells. CD8+ T cells were the predominant population of TIL before and after expansion, and were primarily responsible for autologous tumor-specific CTL activity. No other rIL-2-activated lymphocytes from peripheral blood, lymph nodes with melanoma metastasis, or TIL from sarcoma or renal cell carcinoma had autologous tumor-specific CTL activity. There were few or no CD16+ NK cells in TIL from metastatic melanoma before or after incubation with rIL-2, respectively. However, TIL from sarcoma or renal cell carcinoma contained a substantial proportion of CD3-CD16+ NK cells, which increased in number in culture with rIL-2. Purified CD16+ NK cells as well as CD3+CD16- T cells from rIL-2-activated TIL of renal cell carcinoma displayed MHC-nonrestricted cytotoxicity. At the clonal level as determined by limiting dilution, 8 of 10 clones from melanoma TIL displayed cytotoxicity restricted to autologous tumor cells, while all 13 clones from renal cancer TIL equally lysed autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. Anti-T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha/beta(WT31) mAb as well as anti-CD3 mAb inhibited autologous melanoma cell-specific CTL activity mediated by rIL-2-activated TIL at the effector phase. These two mAbs also inhibited rIL-2-dependent proliferation of these TIL when added to the culture. Pretreatment of fresh melanoma cells with mAb to MHC antigens followed by washing inhibited specific CTL activity. These results suggest that both TCR-alpha/beta on effector TIL and MHC antigens on fresh tumor cells are involved in the specific immune-recognition. After reaching maximum propagation, TIL from metastatic melanoma responded poorly to rIL-2 alone. However, stimulation with fresh autologous melanoma cells restored both CTL activity and proliferation in response to rIL-2. The latter is associated with IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) expression on the surface. These results indicate that TIL from metastatic melanomas may have unique characteristics different from lymphocytes obtained from the other sources, and may contain precursor CTL sensitized in vivo to autologous tumor cells, and thus can be propagated in larger numbers with rIL-2 alone while retaining autologous tumor-specific CTL activity.
Periampullary carcinoid tumor
Authors: H. Fukatsu, H. Kawamoto, M. Fujii, K. Tsutsumi, H. Kato, K. Hirao, N. Kurihara, Y. Okamoto, T. Ogawa, E. Ishida, H. Okada, K. Sakaguchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Screening upper endoscopy in an asymptomatic 71-year-old man revealed a protruding periampullary tumor that was covered with intact duodenal mucosa (Figure [1]). Biopsy specimens from this lesion revealed carcinoid tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated an echo-poor mass, 15 mm in diameter, in the mucosa. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies showed that there were no metastases to the lymph nodes or to the liver. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and this showed that there was no extension of the tumor into the common bile duct or into the pancreatic duct. The tumor was elevated by submucosal injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine, and an endoscopic mucosal resection was then successfully performed with no complications.
Immune Complexes and Other Laboratory Features of Pleural Effusions
Authors: JAMES T. HALLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We have evaluated the clinical usefulness of certain diagnostic tests in consecutive patients with pleural effusions, including 12 who had rheumatoid arthritis, nine who had systemic lupus erythematosus, and 39 who had other diseases. Effusions from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus differed with respect to glucose level, lactic dehydrogenase activity, and pH. Complement levels differentiated rheumatoid from control effusions but did not segregate rheumatoid from systemic lupus erythematosus. Immune complexes were detected in all the rheumatoid pleural fluids by radioassays using monoclonal rheumatoid factor, C1q, and Raji cells. In most of the fluids, these complexes were reactive in all three assay systems and their levels higher than those found in paired serum samples. In effusions from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, however, immune complexes were detected mainly by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay, and levels by all three assays were similar to those of paired serum samples.
Abstract 5142: Probing the molecular mechanism of EZH2 in rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Michelle Lira, Ho Man Chan, Veronica Gibaja
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Proteins that regulate chromatin dynamics and post-translational modifications of histones are crucial transcriptional regulators, and are implicated in diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and genome integrity control. The Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) plays a key role in the maintenance of transcriptional repression of genes necessary for normal embryonic development. Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of PRC2 and methylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27).Overexpression and mutations of EZH2 have been reported to promote tumorigenesis [1,2]. Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors (MRTs) are highly aggressive tumors of soft tissues showing high sensitivity to an EZH2 inhibitor [1,3,4].Treatment with a highly selective and potent EZH2 inhibitor (EI1) leads to induction of p16 expression, sustained growth arrest and senescence in G401, a MRT cell line model (Fig. 1) (3, 4). Taking advantage of the strong anti-proliferative effect of EI1 in G401, we performed an shRNA screen to identify molecular targets that will confer resistance to EI1-mediated growth arrest. We hypothesized that such targets will provide novel insight of EZH2 biology in rhabdoid cancers, and may be relevant to potential mechanisms of resistance. Citation Format: Michelle Lira, Ho Man Chan, Veronica Gibaja. Probing the molecular mechanism of EZH2 in rhabdoid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5142. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5142
Antidepressant Medications
Authors: Nathan S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1974)

DEPRESSION is the most undertreated of all major diseases. Were pneumonia, diabetes, or any other important disease entity so often undiagnosed and so often untreated, the courts would justifiably be filled with patients suing for medical malpractice. The discrepancy between the availability of treatment for depression and the actual providing of treatment is so great as to constitute a scandal. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a recent survey estimates that in any given year 15% of adults between the ages of 18 and 74 years may suffer serious depressive symptoms. This represents approximately 20 million individuals. It is not possible to secure figures for an unduplicated count, but NIMH estimates that in 1971 about 615,000 individuals (less than 5% of those in need of treatment) were resident in or admitted to psychiatric treatment facilities of one kind or another. This represents only a small portion of
When locums can earn as much as partners, general practice is in trouble
Authors: S. Head
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Is general practice in trouble?1 The answer is yes, and the test is the association between earnings for GP practitioner partners and GP locums.

Appleby quotes current average GP gross income as £105 000 (€133 000; $164 800) a year. GP locums can usually earn more than …
Colonic electrolyte transport in health and in congenital chloride diarrhea.
Authors: C Holmberg, J Perheentupa, K Launiala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by watery stools with C1- concentration around 150 meq/liter. We have perfused the colon of three patients and their three healthy siblings with different salt solutions containing 36C1- to determine the nature of the colonic defect in CCD. In the controls, net absorption of Na+ and C1- occurred against steep concentration gradients. The influx (lumen-to-plasms flux) of C1- was twice the effux. Omission of HCO3- from the perfusate caused a clear decrease in C1- efflux which suggests a coupling of C1- effux to HCO3- influx. In CCD, net Na+ absorption occurred normally when HCO3- was present in the lumen. However, Na+ absorption was always impaired when the luminal contents were acid, a situation that prevails in CCD. Net K+ secretion was clearly increased. Both influx and efflux of C1- were practically absent. Only slight net secretion occurred along a steep gradient. Net appearance of HCO3- was not observed, in contrast to controls. These findings and earlier studies of ileal function in CCD are best explained by a defect in the C1-/HCO3- exchange mechanism, which operates in both directions in the normal ileum and colon.
526 MAGNETIC FINE NEEDLES AND IRON OXIDE PARTICLES IN AN ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD FOR HEPATOMA TREATMENT
Authors: J.R. Zuchini, C.H. Huang, S.C. Huang, Y.H. Shih, H.W. Tsai, S.J. Hwang, C.F. Huang, G.B. Lee, X.-Z. Lin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Phase III Southwest Oncology Group 9415/Intergroup 0153 Randomized Trial of Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Levamisole Versus Fluorouracil Continuous Infusion and Levamisole for Adjuvant Treatment of Stage III and High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth A. Poplin, Jacqueline K. Benedetti, Norman C. Estes, Daniel G. Haller, Robert J. Mayer, Richard M. Goldberg, Geoffrey R. Weiss, Saul E. Rivkin, John S. Macdonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Modest toxicity and possibly enhanced activity makes continuous-infusion fluorouracil (FU) an attractive alternative to FU plus leucovorin (FU/LV) for the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Intergroup trial 0153 (Southwest Oncology Group trial 9415) was developed to compare the efficacy of continuous-infusion FU (CIFU) plus levamisole to FU/LV plus levamisole in the adjuvant treatment of high-risk Dukes' B2 and C1 or C2 colon cancer.After surgery, patients were randomly assigned to CIFU 250 mg/m(2)/d for 56 days every 9 weeks for three cycles or FU 425 mg/m(2) and LV 20 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days every 28 to 35 days for six cycles. All patients received levamisole 50 mg tid for 3 days every other week. The primary end point was overall survival (OS).The study closed in December 1999 after an interim analysis demonstrated little likelihood of CIFU showing superiority to FU/LV within the stipulated hazard ratio. A total of 1,135 patients were registered. At least one grade 4 toxicity occurred in 39% of patients receiving FU/LV and 5% of patients receiving CIFU. However, almost twice as many patients receiving CIFU discontinued therapy early compared with those receiving FU/LV. The 5-year OS is 70% (95% CI, 66% to 74%) for FU/LV and 69% (95% CI, 64% to 73%) for CIFU. The corresponding 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) is 61% (95% CI, 56% to 65%) and 63% (95% CI, 59% to 68%), respectively. For all patients, 5-year OS is 83%, 74%, and 55%; 5-year DFS is 78%, 67%, and 47% for N0, N1, and N2-3, respectively.CIFU had less severe toxicity but did not improve DFS or OS in comparison with bolus FU/LV.
Need Versus Salvage: A Healthcare Professional's Perspective
Authors: Gina D. Bien, Lisa M. Kinoshita, Allyson C. Rosen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment: Writing of this manuscript was supported in part by the Office of Academic Affiliations, VA Special MIRECC (Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center) Fellowship Program in Advanced Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Veteran Affairs, Merit Review Grant of Department of Veterans Affairs (Grant #YES0048825), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Sierra-Pecific MIRECC, and National Institute on Aging (Grant #KO1AG025157). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
Transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography in assessing proximal coronary artery stenosis
Authors: Tandaw E. Samdarshi, Leang K. Chang, Raj S. Ballal, Harvinder P. Singh, Rajendra H. Mehta, Hrudaya Nath, Navin C. Nanda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
NHS chief is urged to get tough with managers who attempt to gag whistleblowers
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The chief executive of the NHS in England, David Nicholson, should rip up gagging orders imposed on NHS whistleblowers and take tough action against managers who have tried to silence them, a high profile whistleblower said last week.

David Bowles, former chairman of the United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust and former chief executive of Lincolnshire County Council, told a conference on protecting whistleblowers that Nicholson, who is also chief executive of the NHS Commissioning Board, should investigate whether the use of gagging orders by senior managers “may equate to misconduct in public office to use public funds for the purpose of a cover up.”

The Department of Health’s circular 1999/198 said that under the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 NHS trusts and health authorities should “guarantee that staff who raise concerns responsibly and reasonably will be protected …
High-Grade Dysplasia in an Adenoma of the Upper Esophagus Developing on Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa
Authors: F. Mion, R. Lambert, C. Partensky, M. Cherkaoui, F. Berger
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Patches of hererotopic gastric mucosa located in the upper esophagus are a frequent finding at endoscopy. These lesions are thought to be of congenital origin and of low malignant potential. However, several cases of adenocarcinoma developing on inlet patches have recently been described. We report here a new case of adenoma that had developed on heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus, associated with an area of highgrade dysplasia. This polyp was removed surgically under endoscopic guidance, after confirmation of the superficial pattern of the lesion by endoscopic ultrasonography. This report emphasizes the malignant potential of esophageal inlet patches of heterotopic gastric mucosa.
Birds or Angels?
Authors: Samuel Bigg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your cover illustration of April 24, 1967, and the editorial in the same issue identify the physician as an angel. The identification leaves me cold. The only time I was called an "angel" coincided with a rumor about my backin a Broadway show. I prefer to stay within the Socratic definition of man as a "biped without wings." Nevertheless I can readily appreciate that many physicians would be flattered by the identification. Some would wish it to be more complete—wings and all. Angel wings would be particularly desirable for those doctors who are now often disparagingly referred to as "Wandervogel." These birds are identified by a correspondent in a recent issue of the<i>Lancet</i>(<b>2</b>:1411, 1966) as ... heads of departments and their immediate juniors [who] move restlessly and continuously between city and city, State and State, and coast and coast, lecturing, holding seminars, taking part in
The effect of octadecyl chain immobilization on the hemocompatibility of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Marion Fischer, Catarina P. Baptista, Inês C. Gonçalves, Buddy D. Ratner, Claudia Sperling, Carsten Werner, Cristina L. Martins, Mário A. Barbosa
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Shamanism Versus Psychiatry in Bali, "Isle of the Gods": Some Modern Implications
Authors: STANLEY R. DEAN, DENNY THONG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors compare the bases of the treatment of mental illness by native healers and by psychiatrists. They describe the types of mental illness treated by the native healers of Bali and their methods of treatment. The authors also point out some of the lessons psychiatry can learn from shamanism.
Employment of terbinafine against <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> infection in rat models
Authors: C. CONTINI, D. COLOMBO, R. CULTRERA, E. PRINI, T. SECHI, E. ANGELICI, R. CANIPARI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Employment of terbinafine against Pneumocystis carinii infection in rat models Get access C. CONTINI, C. CONTINI Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Dr C. Contini, Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 23, 44100 Ferrara, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. COLOMBO, D. COLOMBO Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. CULTRERA, R. CULTRERA Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. PRINI, E. PRINI Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. SECHI, T. SECHI Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. ANGELICI, E. ANGELICI Department of Clinical Medicine and †Institute of Histology, 'La Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. CANIPARI R. CANIPARI Institute of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue s46, 1 June 1996, Pages 30–32, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb15657.x Published: 01 June 1996
Novel inflammatory biomarkers of portal pressure in compensated cirrhosis patients
Authors: Martina Buck, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Roberto J. Groszmann, Caitlin Stalling, Norman D. Grace, Andrew K. Burroughs, David Patch, Daniel S. Matloff, Paul Clopton, Mario Chojkier
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The rationale for screening inflammatory serum biomarkers of the hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) is based on the fact that portal hypertension is pathogenically related to liver injury and fibrosis, and that in turn these are associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways. This was a nested cohort study in the setting of a randomized, clinical trial to assess the development of gastroesophageal varices (GEV) (N Engl J Med 2005;353:2254). Patients had cirrhosis and portal hypertension but did not have GEV. A total of 90 patients who had baseline day-1 sera available were enrolled in the present study. The objective of this study was to determine whether inflammatory biomarkers in conjunction with clinical parameters could be used to develop a predictive paradigm for HVPG. The correlations between HVPG and interleukin (IL)-1β (P=0.0052); IL-1R-α (P=0.0085); Fas-R (P=0.0354), and serum VCAM-1 (P=0.0007) were highly significant. By using multivariate logistic regression analysis and selected parameters (transforming growth factor beta [TGFβ]; heat shock protein [HSP]-70; at-risk alcohol use; and Child class B) we could exclude HVPG ≥ 12 mmHg with 86% accuracy (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.78 to 96.16%) and the sensitivity was 87.01% (95% CI: 69.68 to 96.34%). Therefore, the composite test could identify 86% of compensated cirrhosis patients with HVPG below 12 mmHg and prevent unnecessary esophagogastroduodenoscopy with its associated morbidity and costs in these patients. Our diagnostic test was not efficient in predicting HVPG ≥ 12 mmHg. A blood test for HVPG could be performed in cirrhosis patients to prevent unnecessary esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Significance of intracellular arsenic trioxide for therapeutic response in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Geeta Ram Sahu, Rabindra Kumar Jena
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an effective drug for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and malignant tumors. However, it is not commonly known to researchers that sensitivity has been associated with As2O3 concentration in target cells. Cell lines and cell strains of leukemia and solid cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of As2O3, and the concentrations were compared to apoptosis detected by FITC-annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Results showed that intracellular and intercellular concentrations of arsenic in different cell lines differed. Our study noted that the cell lines had concentrations of arsenic trioxide in decreasing order, as follows: APL primary cell > K562 > CML primary cell > HL-60 > AML-M2 primary cell > HeLa > H-22. Higher intracellular As2O3 concentrations in cell lines APL, NB4, and K562 can be obtained by treating in culture medium with lower As2O3 concentration for longer times than the transient higher concentration. These results indicate that different leukemia and solid carcinoma cell lines have different intracellular arsenic concentrations, which correlate with different sensitivities to As2O3 in clinical treatment. The intracellular As2O3 concentration is higher; in addition, we note apoptosis, a very important observation in our study. As2O3 inhibited the growth of these cell lines significantly. Novel techniques by maintaining continuous low but effective arsenic levels inside the target leukemic cells in APL may improve the complete remission rate and overall survival with minimum cost and drug toxicity.