tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Mediated Upregulation of the Renin Angiotensin System in Human Subcutaneous Adipocytes Is Reduced by Rosiglitazone
Authors: Alison Harte, Philip McTernan, Rajkumar Chetty, Simon Coppack, Jonathan Katz, Stephen Smith, Sudhesh Kumar
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Obesity-associated hypertension is likely to be due to multiple mechanisms. Identification of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) within adipose tissue does, however, suggest a potential causal role for it in obesity-associated hypertension. Obese patients are often hyperinsulinemic, but mechanisms underlying insulin upregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue are unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an inducer of angiotensinogen in hepatocytes, is elevated in hyperinsulinemic, obese individuals and may provide a link in mediating insulin upregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue. Furthermore, thiazolidinediones lower blood pressure in vivo, and downregulation of the RAS in adipose tissue may contribute to this effect. We therefore examined the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on the insulin-mediated upregulation of the RAS. Methods and Results— Sera were obtained from the arterial circulation and from venous blood by draining subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Isolated human abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes (n=12) were treated with insulin (1 to 1000 nmol/L), insulin in combination with RSG (10 nmol/L), and RSG (10 nmol/L) alone to determine angiotensinogen expression and angiotensin II, bradykinin, and TNF-α secretion. Subcutaneous adipocytes were also treated with TNF-α (10 to 100 ng/mL) to examine the direct effect on angiotensinogen expression and angiotensin II secretion. The findings showed that the arteriovenous difference in angiotensin II levels was significant (&gt;23%; P &lt;0.001). Insulin increased TNF-α secretion in a concentration-dependent manner ( P &lt;0.01), whereas RSG (10 nmol/L) significantly reduced the insulin-mediated rise in TNF-α ( P &lt;0.001), as well as angiotensin and angiotensin II. TNF-α also increased angiotensinogen and angiotensin II in isolated adipocytes. Conclusions— The present in vivo data suggest that human subcutaneous adipose tissue is a significant source of angiotensin II. This study also demonstrates a potential TNF-α–mediated mechanism through which insulin may stimulate the RAS and may contribute to explain obesity-associated hypertension. RSG downregulates the RAS in subcutaneous adipose tissue, and this effect may contribute to the long-term effect of RSG on blood pressure.
Barrett's oesophagus: the new endoscopic modalities have a future
Authors: J Deviere
Journal: Gut (2005)

Barrett's oesophagus is defined as the replacement of squamous oesophageal epithelium by intestinal metaplasia in the distal oesophagus. It is a fairly frequent complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): 5-10% of patients with GORD suffer from Barrett's oesophagus. GORD is essential for the development of Barrett's oesophagus.1 Intestinal metaplasia is a premalignant lesion that may further develop into dysplasia and lead to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The latter now accounts for almost 50% of oesophageal cancer cases in western countries, and the largest increase in its incidence was recorded during the past two decades. Patients with Barrett's oesophagus have a 2-25% risk of developing mild to severe dysplasia and a 2-5% risk of having adenocarcinoma: 30-150 times higher than the risk in the general population. Forty to fifty per cent of Barrett's oesophagus patients with severe dysplasia would present adenocarcinoma within 5 years.
Loss of lanolin patch-test positivity
Authors: A.J. CARMICHAEL, I.S. FOULDS, DEBORAH S. BRANSBURY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Thirty‐seven patients who had shown a relevant positive patch‐test response to lanolin within the previous 5 years were retested. Only 41% demonstrated persistence of the positive patch test to lanolin. Analysis according to age, sex, atopic status, interval between patch testings, strength of the original response and the number of concurrent reactions, were not associated with the persistence of the lanolin response.
Treatment of Mild Hypertension and the Reduction of Cardiovascular Mortality: The `Of or By' Dilemma
Authors: Thomas G. Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Two years ago, when the findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) trial of the treatment of patients with mild hypertension were first published,<sup>1</sup>it seemed clear to many persons that there should be no more "benign neglect" in the treatment of such patients whose mortality could be reduced by almost 20% with medication. The HDFP was one of a series of several similar trials, which together present some interesting parallels with the recent secondary prevention trials of β-blockers after myocardial infarction. In both situations, pharmacotherapy is moving from the defensive (relief of symptoms) to the offensive (prevention of morbidity in symptomless persons), and, in both situations, the decision to start a particular individual on treatment depends on a careful weighing of statistical probabilities. Although recommendations have been made for treating all patients who are potentially at risk, there are reasons for taking a more cautious viewpoint,
Molecular marker correlates of clinical outcome in a phase II study of gefitinib or placebo in combination with anastrozole in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: V Valero, S Bacus, A Mangalik, I Rabinowitz, F Arena, J Kroener, E Curcio, C Watkins, P Magill, M Cristofanilli
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3131 Background: Preclinical data suggest that crosstalk between growth factor receptor pathways and estrogen receptor (ER) is involved in the development of endocrine resistance. Therefore, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential target in this setting. This phase II randomized, double-blind, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib (Iressa) or placebo in combination with anastrozole (Arimidex) in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).&amp;#x2028; Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1) to anastrozole 1 mg/day and either gefitinib 250 mg/day or placebo. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS); and secondary objectives included clinical benefit rate (CBR; defined as objective response plus stable disease ≥24 weeks), objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST, overall survival, safety and correlative biological markers. Biomarkers in tumor tissue (ErbB family receptors including EGFR, or other downstream related effectors and other markers of proliferation and apoptosis) by immunohistochemistry were assessed to explore potential correlations with outcome. Enrollment closed early due to slow recruitment and formal statistical testing was not performed.&amp;#x2028; Results: 94 women were randomized to gefitinib plus anastrozole, and 43 to placebo plus anastrozole, 50 from 30 centers in 4 countries. PFS was significantly longer for gefitinib plus anastrozole over placebo plus anastrozole (HR [gefitinib:placebo] 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.94; median PFS 14.5 vs 8.2 months). A numerical advantage in CBR was seen for gefitinib plus anastrozole over placebo plus anastrozole (49% [21/43; 95% CI 35-65] vs 34% [17/50; 95% CI 21-49]). ORR was 2% (1/43) with gefitinib plus anastrozole and 12% (6/50) with placebo plus anastrozole. Too few patients died before data cut-off to allow conclusions on overall survival to be drawn. Safety and tolerability profiles showed no unexpected findings. Correlative biological markers data will be available later in the year after which the abstract will be updated and resubmitted.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: This clinical trial demonstrated that EGFR inhibition and estrogen deprivation with gefitinib in combination with anastrozole was associated with a marked advantage in PFS and CBR vs placebo plus anastrozole in ER+ MBC. These data suggest that EGFR inhibition in combination with anastrozole warrants further investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3131.
MODERN TREATMENT OF INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
Authors: FOSTER KENNEDY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The causes of increased intracranial pressure in the order of frequency of occurrence are: (1) skull fracture; (2) brain tumor; (3) meningitis; (4) cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis; (5) subarachnoid hemorrhage; (6) hydrocephalus due to inflammation around ventricular foramina; (7) hypertension associated with headache; (8) acute cerebral edema. It was evident that a clearly formulated plan of treatment had never been devised to cope with the main general result of these varied morbid conditions. It was further evident that the problem could be solved only by the proper application of exact physiologic knowledge regarding intracranial pressure changes brought about by protean factors such as sleep-waking, changes in posture, respiratory variations, and the exact effects of many different drugs. Accordingly, through 1927, extensive experiments were carried out on patients having bone defects in the skull, beneath which defects the dura had been cut and left unsutured. Pressure conditions inside the skull were
Radiofrequency Ablation of Premature Ventricular Ectopy Improves the Efficacy of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Nonresponders
Authors: Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy, Luigi Di Biase, Kay Ryschon, Mazda Biria, Vijay Swarup, Yeruva Madhu Reddy, Atul Verma, Sudharani Bommana, David Burkhardt, Raghuveer Dendi, Antonio Dello Russo, Michela Casella, Corrado Carbucicchio, Claudio Tondo, Buddhadeb Dawn, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Urogynaecology: The Investigation and Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: R. Henshaw
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed A R B Smith RCOG Press, pounds sterling16, pp 168 ISBN 0 902331 66 3

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists held a meeting on urogynaecology in 1994, and this book has been compiled almost directly from the presentations given on that day. The presenters included some of the most experienced practitioners of the “art” of urogynaecology (for chapter after chapter points out the woeful lack of controlled trials), and they review and give their personal views …
STUDIES ON IMMUNITY IN ANTHRAX
Authors: George G. Wright, Mary A. Hedberg, Richard J. Feinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Non-proteolytic mutants were isolated from the Vollum strain of B. anthracis following ultraviolet treatment. The mutants were virulent for rabbits and mice and their non-proteolytic character was stable in culture and on serial passage in rabbits. The mutants produced protective antigen under suitable conditions of cultivation in vitro, and allowed longer incubation of the cultures without destruction of the protective antigen than did the parent strain. The meaning of the results is discussed.
Vaginal Ultrasonography to Evaluate Postmenopausal Bleeding
Authors: Karen J. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial of Patient-Specific Immunotherapy With Mitumprotimut-T and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor After Rituximab in Patients With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Arnold Freedman, Sattva S. Neelapu, Craig Nichols, Michael J. Robertson, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Jane N. Winter, John F. Bender, Daniel P. Gold, Richard G. Ghalie, Morgan E. Stewart, Vanessa Esquibel, Paul Hamlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose To evaluate patient-specific immunotherapy with mitumprotimut-T (idiotype keyhole limpet hemocyanin [Id-KLH]) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in CD20 + follicular lymphoma. Patients and Methods Patients with treatment-naive or relapsed/refractory disease achieving a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) with four weekly rituximab infusions were randomly assigned to mitumprotimut-T/GM-CSF or placebo/GM-CSF, with doses given monthly for six doses, every 2 months for six doses, and then every 3 months until disease progression (PD). Randomization was stratified by prior therapy (treatment-naive or relapsed/refractory) and response to rituximab (CR/PR or SD). The primary end point was time to progression (TTP) from randomization. Results A total of 349 patients were randomly assigned; median age was 54 years, 79% were treatment naive, and 86% had stage III/IV disease. Median TTP was 9.0 months for mitumprotimut-T/GM-CSF and 12.6 months for placebo/GM-CSF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.384; P = .019). TTP was comparable between the two arms in treatment-naive patients (HR = 1.196; P = .258) and shorter with mitumprotimut-T/GM-CSF in relapsed/refractory disease (HR = 2.265; P = .004). After adjusting for Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) scores, the difference in TTP between the two arms was no longer significant. Overall objective response rate, rate of response improvement, and duration of response were comparable between the two arms. Toxicity was similar in the two arms; 76% of adverse events were mild or moderate, and 94% of patients had injection site reactions. Conclusion TTP was shorter with mitumprotimut-T/GM-CSF compared with placebo/GM-CSF. This difference was possibly due to the imbalance in FLIPI scores.
Cefoxitin: a hospital study.
Authors: A M Geddes, L P Schnurr, A P Ball, D McGhie, G R Brookes, R Wise, J Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Cefoxitin is a new cephamycin antibiotic that has recently become available for clinical trial. We report here the results of an uncontrolled trial of cefoxitin treatment in 31 hospital patients with various acute infections, 20 of whom were cured. Serum, urine, and bile concentrations of cefoxitin greatly exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) required for clinically important Gram-negative organisms. We conclude that cefoxitin will have a place in the management of serious infections, particularly in the abdominal cavity and renal tracts.
Lactase activity is under hormonal control in the intestine of adult rat.
Authors: F Raul, R Noriega, E Nsi-Emvo, M Doffoel, J F Grenier
Journal: Gut (1983)

In the adult rat, starvation during 48 hours led to a three fold increase of lactase specific activity in the intestinal brush border membranes. Thyroxine injection during the three days before death (0.5 micrograms/g daily) inhibited the stimulation of lactase activity induced by starvation without modifying sucrase activity whereas hydrocortisone injections (25 micrograms/g daily) or thyroidectomy did not modify the stimulatory effect of starvation on lactase activity. These results suggests a specific hormonal control of intestinal lactase activity in the rat.
Delayed Tuberculin Reactivity in Indochinese Persons
Authors: Miguel A. Muniain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 April 1997Delayed Tuberculin Reactivity in Indochinese PersonsMiguel A. Muniain, MD, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, MD, and Jose L. Corral, MDMiguel A. Muniain, MDMacarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain 41007Search for more papers by this author, Jesus Rodriguez-Bano, MDMacarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain 41007Search for more papers by this author, and Jose L. Corral, MDMacarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain 41007Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Robertson and colleagues [1] evaluated the utility of a variant of delayed tuberculin reactivity for the evaluation of patients with suspected tuberculous infection in a high-risk population. The approach is ingenious, but we would like to make some comments.The appropriate criterion for defining a positive skin-test reaction depends on the population being tested. In a recent report by the Ad Hoc Committee of the Scientific Assembly on Microbiology, Tuberculosis, and Pulmonary Infections [2], a reaction of 5 mm was considered positive in close contacts of infectious cases and in patients who had fibrotic ...References1. Robertson JM, Burtt DS, Edmonds KL, Molina PL, Kiefe CI, Ellner JJ. Delayed tuberculin reactivity in persons of Indochinese origin: implications for preventive therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:779-84. Google Scholar2. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Ad Hoc Committee of the Scientific Assembly on Microbiology, Tuberculosis, and Pulmonary Infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 21:9-27. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain 41007 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 661-662KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyLesionsMicrobiologyPulmonary diseasesThoraxTuberculinTuberculosis Issue Published: 15 April 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
High Resolution Colonoscopy With Chromoscopy Versus Standard Colonoscopy for the Detection of Colonic Neoplasia: A Randomized Study
Authors: Marc Le Rhun, Emmanuel Coron, David Parlier, Jean–Michel Nguyen, Jean–Marc Canard, Afchine Alamdari, Denis Sautereau, Stanislas Chaussade, Jean–Paul Galmiche
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Asymptomatic Isolated Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: S. Gilbert Blount, Sehchi Komesu, Malcolm C. McCord
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

ISOLATED valvular pulmonary stenosis was until recently considered to be a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Taussig,1 in her text, states, "the author has not had the opportunity to study a proven case of pure pulmonary stenosis." Greene and his co-workers,2 in 1949, reviewed the literature and found only 68 cases proved by autopsy in which both the auricular and ventricular septums were intact. It is now realized that this entity is not rare, as evidenced by the frequent communications that have recently appeared.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Many of the current papers4 5 6 , 9 have emphasized the physiologic studies, particularly venous cardiac catheterization, in the diagnosis . . .
Management of chronic hepatitis C: clinical audit of biopsy based management algorithm
Authors: G R Foster, R D Goldin, J Main, I Murray-Lyon, S Hargreaves, H C Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To assess the attendance, outcome, compliance with treatment, and response to interferon alfa in patients with chronic hepatitis C who attended during 1995 and were treated according to a biopsy based algorithm.Retrospective audit of all patients with chronic hepatitis C attending outpatient clinics over one year.The liver unit at a London teaching hospital.255 patients with chronic hepatitis C.Patient survival, attendance, and compliance with diagnostic and therapeutic regimens. Response to interferon alfa treatment, based on loss of viraemia three months after cessation of treatment.A large proportion of patients (39%) with newly diagnosed chronic hepatitis C infection do not want to undergo further investigation. Of those patients who do attend for further treatment, a large proportion with severe hepatic fibrosis (42%) do not want to undergo currently available treatment. The response rate to interferon (21%) in treated patients was similar to that previously reported in a trial setting. There was no significant difference in response rates in patients with or without severe fibrosis not amounting to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis there was a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (18%) over a follow up period of 20 months.Current strategies aimed at investigating and treating patients with chronic hepatitis C are not acceptable to a large proportion of patients. Many patients with cirrhosis related to hepatitis C infection develop hepatic neoplasms, and management strategies to deal with this problem are urgently required.
A novel role for uroguanylin in the regulation of sodium balance
Authors: Leonard R. Forte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Uroguanylin is a peptide hormone that regulates sodium excretion by the kidney when excess NaCl is consumed. A new study demonstrates that mice deficient in uroguanylin have blunted urinary sodium excretion responses to oral sodium loads in addition to elevated blood pressure (see related article beginning on page 1244). A physiological role for uroguanylin is discussed, linking the intestine and kidney in an endocrine axis for the maintenance of sodium balance.
Small Airways Function in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: NIKOLAOS TZANAKIS, MARIA SAMIOU, DEMOSTHENES BOUROS, JOHN MOUZAS, ELIAS KOUROUMALIS, NIKOLAOS M. SIAFAKAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

It has been reported that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the airways are involved, and a number of clinical manifestations have been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the small airways in IBD. Thirty patients with IBD (mean age, 47 yr), 12 with Crohn's disease and 18 with ulcerative colitis, were studied and compared with a control group of 16 normal subjects. Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were performed breathing room air and a mixture of 80% helium, 20% oxygen. The differences of flows at 50% of FVC ( ΔV˙max50) and the volume of equal flows (Visov˙) were calculated as indices of small airways function. In addition, spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity were measured. Visov˙ was statistically significantly greater in patients with either CD or UC than in control subjects (x ± SD) (24.99 ± 1.35 and 25.95 ± 1.5 versus 20.1 ± 1.39), (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). A reduction in Tl CO was noticed in the active stage of the disease in both groups of patients (p < 0.05). This may indicate that lung parenchyma is also involved in active IBD. Our results suggest that the function of the small airways and diffusion capacity of the lungs are affected in patients with IBD.
Activation markers of human basophils: CD69 expression is strongly and preferentially induced by IL-3
Authors: Chitose Yoshimura, Masao Yamaguchi, Motoyasu Iikura, Shinyu Izumi, Koichiro Kudo, Hiroyuki Nagase, Akira Ishii, Andrew F. Walls, Chisei Ra, Tsutomu Iwata, Takashi Igarashi, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Koichi Hirai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)