tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More heterosexual spread of HTLV-III virus seen
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Welcoming participants to the recent International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Atlanta, Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Margaret M. Heckler said: "For individuals in every country who fall within the risk categories, AIDS is an enormously serious disease. We must conquer it for their sake. We must conquer it as well before it affects the heterosexual population and threatens the health of our general population." Unfortunately, and perhaps despite all good intentions, not only was the secretary's phraseology offensive to many—but her timing also may have been off. Several speakers at the conference presented evidence that heterosexual transmission of AIDS is something to reckon with right now. While it has been accepted for some time that female sexual partners of men who are in the high-risk groups for AIDS—bisexuals, intravenous (IV) drug abusers, and persons with hemophilia—are at increased risk of contracting the disease, the epidemiologically
Transfusion-Acquired Babesiosis and Failure of Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Robert P. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

HUMAN babesiosis is a zoonosis characterized by fever, malaise, and hemolytic anemia. In the United States, the disease is generally caused by the species<i>Babesia microti</i>, a protozoan parasite of rodents, and is transmitted by<i>Ixodes dammini</i>, the northern deer tick.<sup>1</sup>Most of the 200 known cases of human babesiosis in the United States followed exposure to<i>I dammini</i>on the coastal islands of the Northeast, particularly Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, and Shelter Island, New York. Asymptomatic infections occur frequently<sup>2</sup>and create potential for transmission of infection through blood donation.<sup>3-6</sup>Recently the range of<i>I dammini</i>, which is also the principal vector of Lyme disease, has increased dramatically, with a resulting increase in the incidence of human babesiosis and Lyme disease.<sup>7</sup> Herein we report the first case of babesiosis acquired in New Hampshire and cite evidence indicating that the infection was transfusion acquired. This case also documents
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TYPE AND IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS IN RANDOM BRED HARTLEY STRAIN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: William John Martin, Leonard Ellman, Ira Green, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Outbred Hartley strain guinea pigs capable of responding immunologically to 2,4-dinitrophenylated poly-L-lysine were shown to display a histocompatibility specificity in common with inbred strain 2 guinea pigs. This histocompatibility specificity was not detected in guinea pigs unable to respond immunologically to DNP-PLL. The result suggests that the poly-L-lysine specific immune response gene is very closely linked or even identical with a gene determining a major histocompatibility antigen in guinea pigs.
Abstract P2-10-41: The prediction of invasion in ductal carcinoma in situ: developing prediction model and validation
Authors: SK Lee, M Kim, SJ Nam, JE Lee, J-H Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to determine factors and develop the model that predict the risk of invasion in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed by preoperative biopsy. Methods: We selected 497 patients underwent surgical treatment for preoperatively diagnosed DCIS of the breast between 1997 and 2009. Multivariate analysis was used to identify relevant clinical, radiological and pathological factors that may predict upstaging. A prediction model was developed based on significant factors and measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. This prediction model was subsequently validated using the dataset of 149 cases who were diagnosed with DCIS preoperatively between 2010 and 2012. Results: Of 24.75%, there was an upstaging to the invasive cancer. We found that larger size (≥1.5cm) of DCIS was most significant factor, followed by palpable lesion on physical examination, no expression of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR), high nuclear grade, non-cribriform subtype and absence of necrosis significantly associated with presence of invasion. The prediction model with these factors showed that excellent predictive accuracy (the area under the ROC curve= 0.851, 95% CI: 0.817–0.881) and showed similar findings in the validation data set (AUC = 0.868, 95% CI: 0.800–0.916). After ranking the significant factors, we selected 4 factors to simplify the model. This simple model also showed good prediction power (AUC = 0.821, 98% CI: 0.784–0.854). Conclusion: We developed the prediction model to predict upstaging in patients diagnose with DCIS preoperatively based on 4 most significant factors. By this prediction model, we suggest the axilla exploration with SLNB in case of DCIS with more than 1.5 cm size, palpable lesion, no expression of HR and high NG to avoid 2nd operation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-41.
The Effects of Rhinovirus Infections on Allergic Airway Responses
Authors: James E. Gern, William W. Busse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Although it has long been recognized that the common cold is a potent trigger for symptoms of asthma, the mechanisms underlying the association between upper respiratory infection and increased lower airway obstruction remain obscure. The use of experimental infection of volunteers with or without respiratory allergies has enabled direct comparisons of common cold symptoms in these two groups. Furthermore, techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage and segmental antigen challenge have been used to directly sample lower airway fluids and tissues during acute viral infection. This review summarizes the findings of studies examining the separate and combined effects of rhinovirus infection and allergen exposure on airway physiology and inflammation. Gern JE, Busse WW. The effects of rhinovirus infections on allergic airway responses.
Role of C-terminal regions of the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in its interaction with claudin-4
Authors: Azusa Takahashi, Masuo Kondoh, Akane Masuyama, Makiko Fujii, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Yasuhiko Horiguchi, Yoshiteru Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
The ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of leukemia and multiple myeloma
Authors: G. Wei Xu, Mohsin Ali, Tabitha E. Wood, Derek Wong, Neil Maclean, Xiaoming Wang, Marcela Gronda, Marko Skrtic, Xiaoming Li, Rose Hurren, Xinliang Mao, Meenakshi Venkatesan, Reza Beheshti Zavareh, Troy Ketela, John C. Reed, David Rose, Jason Moffat, Robert A. Batey, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Aaron D. Schimmer
Journal: Blood (2010)
Leukostasis: A phenomenon of prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Alexis M. Megaludis, Alan Winkelstein, Zella R. Zeigler, Thomas R. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract We are reporting a case of a patient with prolymphoctic leukemia complicated by fatal leukostasis. Multiple leukemic thrombi and leukoaggregales were demonstrated on postmortem examination in both the brain and lungs. This represents the first report pathologically documenting leukostasis in a chronic lymphoid malignancy.
The Accident Process
Authors: Alexander H. Hirschfeld
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Approximately 300 cases of industrial accidents and injuries were reviewed to determine causation. The study revealed that physical injury resulted from a psychological process which is defined and documented. The significance of this process is suggested by the fact that it was identified in almost every case. Since physical disturbance is a solution to the problems of the patient, he is unlikely to give up his illness. In addition, when chronicity supervenes, the patient actually seeks physicians who will not cure him and rejects others who appear capable. The use of illness as a solution to the problems of life is now reinforced by legal factors which make incapacity the cornerstone of continued financial support.
Cases and Observations in Hospital Practice
Authors: R. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1845)

Mrs. Salmon applied at the Essex and Colchester Hospital on May the 8th, 1845, with an out-patient's ticket, in order to obtain somne medicine for her daughter, aged 14, who, she stated, was confined to her bed, and supposed to be in the last stage of plithisis, and at present suffering under severe abdomninal pain and diarrlhea.I prescribed a pill of morpliia and oxide of silver, and called to see her next day, when I found
Identification of 3-methylglutarylcarnitine. A new diagnostic metabolite of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency.
Authors: C R Roe, D S Millington, D A Maltby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) lyase affects the metabolism of leucine as well as ketogenesis. This disorder is one of an increasing list of inborn errors of metabolism that presents clinically like Reye's Syndrome or nonketotic hypoglycemia. Four patients with proven 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency were shown to excrete a new diagnostically specific metabolite. The technique of fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry revealed that only 3-methylglutaryl-CoA is a substrate for acylcarnitine formation. Neither 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA nor 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA are excreted as acylcarnitines. The excretion of 3-methylglutarylcarnitine may explain, in part, the apparent secondary carnitine deficiency in this disorder. Carnitine supplementation with moderate dietary restrictions may be a useful treatment strategy for this disorder.
Nanoparticles: Endotoxin Removal by Magnetic Separation‐Based Blood Purification (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2013)
Authors: Inge K. Herrmann, Martin Urner, Samuel Graf, Christoph M. Schumacher, Birgit Roth‐Z'graggen, Melanie Hasler, Wendelin J. Stark, Beatrice Beck‐Schimmer
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Magnetic separation-based blood purification enables rapid and selective removal of endotoxin and bacteria from human whole blood. Functional assays assessing key steps in host defense against bacteria show an attenuated inflammatory response in purified samples and less chemotactic activity. Beatrice Beck-Schimmer and co-workers introduce on page 829 this promising new approach for future sepsis treatment.
Endotoxin-induced aggravation of preservation-reperfusion injury of rat liver and its modulation
Authors: Katarína Vajdová, Renáta Smreková, Marián Kukan, Ján Jakubovský, Nico van Rooijen, Jaromír Horecký, Martina Lutterová, Ladislava Wsólová
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Can annual survellance coronary angiography after heart transplantation be substituted by noninvasive dobutamine stress echocardiography?
Authors: Christoph H. Spes, Harald Mudra, Susanne D. Schnaack, Volker Klauss, Florian M. Reichie, Bruno Meiser, Christiane E. Angermann, Karl Theisen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Accumulation of natural killer T cells in progressive nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wing-Kin Syn, Ye Htun Oo, Thiago A. Pereira, Gamze F. Karaca, Youngmi Jung, Alessia Omenetti, Rafal P. Witek, Steve S. Choi, Cynthia D. Guy, Caitlin M. Fearing, Vanessa Teaberry, Fausto E.L. Pereira, David H. Adams, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Liver inflammation is greater in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than steatosis, suggesting that immune responses contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. Livers normally contain many natural killer T (NKT) cells that produce factors that modulate inflammatory and fibrogenic responses. Such cells are relatively depleted in steatosis, but their status in more advanced NAFLD is uncertain. We hypothesized that NKT cells accumulate and promote fibrosis progression in NASH. We aimed to determine if livers become enriched with NKT cells during NASH-related fibrosis; identify responsible mechanisms; and assess if NKT cells stimulate fibrogenesis. NKT cells were analyzed in wildtype mice and Patched-deficient (Ptc+/−) mice with an overly active Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, before and after feeding methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diets to induce NASH-related fibrosis. Effects of NKT cell-derived factors on hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were examined and fibrogenesis was evaluated in CD1d-deficient mice that lack NKT cells. NKT cells were quantified in human cirrhotic and nondiseased livers. During NASH-related fibrogenesis in wildtype mice, Hh pathway activation occurred, leading to induction of factors that promoted NKT cell recruitment, retention, and viability, plus liver enrichment with NKT cells. Ptc+/− mice accumulated more NKT cells and developed worse liver fibrosis; CD1d-deficient mice that lack NKT cells were protected from fibrosis. NKT cell-conditioned medium stimulated HSC to become myofibroblastic. Liver explants were 2-fold enriched with NKT cells in patients with non-NASH cirrhosis, and 4-fold enriched in patients with NASH cirrhosis. Conclusion : Hh pathway activation leads to hepatic enrichment with NKT cells that contribute to fibrosis progression in NASH. (Hepatology 2010;)
Lesson of the week: "High" ear piercing and the rising incidence of perichondritis of the pinna
Authors: J. Hanif
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Ear piercing is common, and multiple piercing of the ear has become increasingly fashionable. Often this involves “high” piercing, which requires puncture through the cartilage of the upper third of the pinna. Infection at this site results in auricular perichondritis. Soft tissue infection is a recognised complication at any site, but the subperiosteal abscess associated with perichondritis often leads to loss of cartilage and to an unsightly deformity known as “cauliflower ear,” which has a poor chance of good reconstruction fig 1 (left). Cauliflower ear is more likely to occur with transcartilagenous ear piercings. The usual infective agent in auricular perichondritis is Pseudomonas aeruginosa , to which antibiotic resistance seems to be increasing.1 The vast majority of piercings are performed by non-medical practitioners, such as jewellers, hairdressers, or tattooists. These practitioners and their customers may not fully appreciate the implications of cartilage damage resulting from high piercing. We present three cases in which auricular perichondritis and abscess formation was associated with high piercing. Despite prompt intervention, including drainage under general anaesthetic, cosmetic deformity proved difficult to avoid.



FIG 1 
Left: “Cauliflower ear” after auricular perichondritis. Centre: Subperichondrial abscess after “high” transcartilaginous ear piercing. Right: Multiple chronic inflammatory lesions of auricle at sites of previous piercings



Case 1— A 16 year old man presented to an accident and emergency department with a painful and swollen left pinna, two days after high, …
Six-Year Follow-Up Study of Cognitive and Functional Status Across the Lifespan in Schizophrenia: A Comparison With Alzheimer’s Disease and Normal Aging
Authors: Joseph I. Friedman, Philip D. Harvey, Thomas Coleman, Patrick J. Moriarty, Christopher Bowie, Mike Parrella, Leonard White, David Adler, Kenneth L. Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Follow-up studies of cognitive functions of poor-outcome (long-term institutionalized) elderly patients with schizophrenia have demonstrated deterioration over time, while stable cognitive functions over time have been reported for younger, better-outcome schizophrenic patients. This study examined whether cognitive changes in elderly schizophrenic patients with a history of long-term institutional stay extended to institutionalized younger patients. The rate of decline was compared to changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: Patients with schizophrenia (N=107) age 20–80 years were followed over 6 years and assessed with the Clinical Dementia Rating and the Mini-Mental State Examination. The schizophrenic subjects age 50 and older were compared to 136 healthy comparison subjects and 118 Alzheimer's disease patients age 50 and older who were assessed over a similar follow-up period. RESULTS: There was a significant age group effect on the magnitude of cognitive decline for the schizophrenic subjects, with older subjects experiencing greater levels of decline over the follow-up. Neither the healthy individuals nor the Alzheimer's disease patients demonstrated similar age-related differences in the magnitude of cognitive change over the follow-up, with healthy comparison subjects showing no change and Alzheimer's disease patients manifesting decline regardless of age at the initiation of the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Institutionalized schizophrenic patients demonstrated an age-related pattern of cognitive change different from that observed for Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy individuals. The cognitive and functional status of these schizophrenic patients was fairly stable until late life, suggesting that cognitive change may not be occurring in younger patients over an interval as long as 6 years.
Cure of Hematologic Neoplasia with Transplantation of Marrow from Identical Twins
Authors: Alexander Fefer, C. Dean Buckner, E. Donnall Thomas, Martin A. Cheever, Reginald A. Clift, Harold Glucksberg, Paul E. Neiman, Rainer Storb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN 1974, we reported1 on 16 patients with refractory hematologic neoplasia who were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide, supralethal total-body irradiation, bone-marrow transplantation from a normal genetically identical twin and, most often, "immunotherapy" in the form of their own killed tumor cells in addition to normal twin lymphocytes. Six patients then experienced complete remissions of 11 months or longer. This report updates the status of the same six patients, who continue to be free of neoplasia four to 6 1/2 years after transplantation without any post-transplant chemotherapy.ResultsThe critical data are presented in the case histories and in Table 1. Descriptions . . .
New abortion guidelines proposed for Ireland
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Medical Council of Ireland is to receive proposals to remove the ban on abortion from its ethical guide, which governs professional behaviour of doctors in the republic.

The move comes in response to the council's request for submissions from doctors as part of an update of its ethical code, which is currently under way. Doctors for Choice, a group of Irish doctors who object to the ban on abortion, said that the ethics committee of the council will receive several proposals on the wording of its guidelines covering the area of reproductive medicine.

At present these guidelines state: “The deliberate and …
Physiological and psychological responses to a university fitness session.
Authors: S Grant, G Armstrong, R Sutherland, J Wilson, T Aitchison, E Paul, S Henderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological and psychological responses to a university fitness session entitled 'popmobility'. A popmobility session consists of 20 min of aerobic activities, 5 min of local muscular endurance exercises and 5 min of flexibility exercises. Ten regular participants of these sessions, women of mean(s.d.) age 21.2(1.5) years, took part in the study. A maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) treadmill test was performed by each subject to obtain VO2max and maximum heart rate values. In a laboratory, heart rate and VO2 were measured throughout a popmobility session for each subject. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured every 5 min throughout the session. The mean intensity of the aerobic part of the session ranged from 67.7-82.6% of the subject's VO2max (mean of 76.4% VO2max). The mean heart rate reserve for the aerobic section was 75.6%. While the relative oxygen consumption remained fairly static during the aerobic section, the RPE score rose. The mean(s.d.) total energy expenditure was 236.6(28.4) kcal (range 203-288). The popmobility session is of adequate intensity to improve the aerobic fitness of its participants. Heart rate, as used as a measure of intensity during a popmobility session, would appear to be a fairly accurate indicator of intensity. However, the use of RPE for exercise prescription in popmobility sessions is inappropriate. Popmobility could also be useful in a weight-reduction programme.
Favorable Experience with Bacterial Endocarditis in Heroin Addicts
Authors: KISHEN B. MENDA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

During a prospective 18-month study we saw 23 cases of bacterial endocarditis in heroin addicts. The infecting organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (16), Streptococcus faecalis (3), Strep. viridans (2), Pseudomonas (1), and mixed streptococci and Enterobacter (1). Solitary tricuspid involvement with Staph. aureus was seen in 11 patients; all had septic pulmonary emboli, but only 5 had splenomegaly, 5 had hematuria, and 1 had peripheral stigmata in the conjunctivas or nail beds. Of seven patients with left-sided endocarditis (mitral or aortic valve disease), all had hematuria, five had peripheral stigmata, and four had splenomegaly. Complications of endocarditis included aortic valve rupture, empyema, severe respiratory insufficiency, embolus to central nervous system with hemiparesis, gastrointestinal bleeding, septic joints, and renal failure. All patients survived, including three in whom the initial antibiotic failed and three who subsequently relapsed and required retreatment. Improved survival can be obtained with early diagnosis and intensive management of complications.
Functional screening of 2 Mb of human chromosome 21q22.2 in transgenic mice implicates minibrain in learning defects associated with Down syndrome
Authors: Desmond J. Smith, Mary E. Stevens, Sharmila P. Sudanagunta, Roderick T. Bronson, Michael Makhinson, Ayako M. Watabe, Thomas J. O'Dell, Jingly Fung, Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier, Jan-Fang Cheng, Edward M. Rubin
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)