tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localization of gelatinase-A and gelatinase-B mRNA and protein in human gliomas
Authors: Sheetal A. Raithatha, Huong Muzik, N. Barry Rewcastle, Randal N. Johnston, Dylan R. Edwards, Peter A. Forsyth
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2000)

Malignant gliomas maintain a poor prognosis and survival rate due to their marked local invasive growth and neovascularization. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in glioma invasion and angiogenesis, but it is unknown whether they are produced by the tumor cells or surrounding stroma. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we found expression of mRNA for both gelatinase-A (MMP2) and gelatinase-B (MMP9) localized to tumor cells and vascular structures in glioma sections. Gelatinase-A protein expression was detected most prominently in tumor cells, with very little signal seen in vasculature. Gelatinase-B protein expression was prominent in vascular structures but was also expressed in tumor cells. Our data show that these proteases are produced by glioma cells and vascular structures and suggest that synthetic MMP inhibitors might be useful in this disease.
Corticosteroids and Septic Shock
Authors: Edward Abraham
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is the lifeliner objectively free?
Authors: Steve Fuller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Although Rose claims to rely on Marx's paradoxical view of history to explain the freedom enjoyed by what he calls “lifelines,” he blurs what one might call the “objective” and “subjective” senses of freedom. This, in turn, reflects his overreaction to biological reductionism. Consequently, in discussing biology-related policy issues, Rose fails to distinguish genuinely efficacious interventions and merely convenient ones.
Glycemic Index and Dietary Fiber and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Allison M. Hodge, Dallas R. English, Kerin O’Dea, Graham G. Giles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To examine associations between type 2 diabetes and fiber, glycemic load (GL), dietary glycemic index (GI), and fiber-rich foods. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a prospective study of 36,787 men and women aged 40–69 years without diabetes. For all self-reported cases of diabetes at 4-year follow-up, confirmation of diagnosis was sought from medical practitioners. Case subjects were those who reported diabetes at follow-up and for whom there was no evidence that they did not have type 2 diabetes. Data were analyzed with logistic regression, adjusting for country of birth, physical activity, family history of diabetes, alcohol and energy intake, education, 5-year weight change, sex, and age. RESULTS—Follow-up was completed by 31,641 (86%) participants, and 365 cases were identified. The odds ratio (OR) for the highest quartile of white bread intake compared with the lowest was 1.37 (95% CI 1.04–1.81; P for trend = 0.001). Intakes of carbohydrate (OR per 200 g/day 0.58, 0.36–0.95), sugars (OR per 100 g/day 0.61, 0.47–0.79), and magnesium (OR per 500 mg/day 0.62, 0.43–0.90) were inversely associated with incidence of diabetes, whereas intake of starch (OR per 100 g/day 1.47, 1.06–2.05) and dietary GI (OR per 10 units 1.32, 1.05–1.66) were positively associated with diabetes. These relationships were attenuated after adjustment for BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS—Reducing dietary GI while maintaining a high carbohydrate intake may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. One way to achieve this would be to substitute white bread with low-GI breads.
Evidence for two components of sodium channel block by lidocaine in isolated cardiac myocytes.
Authors: C W Clarkson, C H Follmer, R E Ten Eick, L M Hondeghem, J Z Yeh
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effects of lidocaine on sodium current in cardiac myocytes isolated from cat and guinea pig were investigated using the whole-cell variation of the patch-clamp technique. Lidocaine (43-200 microM) reduced sodium current during repetitive depolarizing pulses in a use-dependent manner. To clarify the nature of the use-dependent block, we characterized the time course of block development using a two-pulse protocol. Two distinct phases of block development were found: a rapid phase (tau = 1-6 msec) having a time course concurrent with the time course of channel activation, and a slower phase (tau = 100-900 msec), which developed after channels inactivated. The amplitude of the block during the rapid phase of development was a steep function of transmembrane voltage over the range of -70 to +20 mV. The voltage-dependence was similar to that for sodium channel activation (sodium conductance) but was too steep to be attributed solely to the passive movement of a singly charged molecule under the influence of the transmembrane voltage gradient. These results suggest that use-dependent block of sodium channels in cardiac tissue may result from an interaction of lidocaine with sodium channels in the activated as well as the inactivated channel states. Possible mechanisms underlying the fast component of block are discussed.
Harm from smoking is even greater than previously thought
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Smoking is even more dangerous than previously believed, according to a major review of epidemiological data by the World Health Organization's cancer agency. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) also published the first evidence to link conclusively second hand smoke with increased risk of cancer.

The agency convened 29 scientists from 12 countries to review all significant published research on both active and passive smoking. They state unequivocally that even an average degree of passive exposure to tobacco products can cause lung cancer in people who have never smoked.

“It's been suspected …
Compliance with recommendations for giving vitamin K to newborn infants
Authors: C Croucher, D Azzopardi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Cancer is often seen in patients with deep venous thrombosis * This study shows that cancer is five times more commonly diagnosed within six months after deep venous thrombosis than a control group matched for age and sex * Most of the cancers were easily detected by routinemethods (history, physical examination, and laboratory tests) * Extensive screening of the 1383 patients with deep venous thrombosis would have resulted in beneficial earlier diagnosis in only two patients * Extensive screening of patients with deep venous thrombosis does not seem cost effective
Carcinoma in a gastroenterostomy stoma
Authors: S M Jones
Journal: BMJ (1978)

his health would have suffered and he might well have lost his job.It must be understood that the best form of life insurance that this man could have taken was to obtain medical advice and help rather than spend more money on insurance premiums.I would therefore like to suggest that, in order to protect our patients, doctors should not be expected to disclose any information about alcohol consumption.
Ampicillin and Hematologic Effects
Authors: GEORGE S. HUGHES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1983Ampicillin and Hematologic EffectsGEORGE S. HUGHES JR., M.D.GEORGE S. HUGHES JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-573_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Neftel and associates (1) and Miro and associates (2) have recently described several cases of penicillin-induced neutropenia. In both letters, high doses of methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and penicillin G have been reported to produce leukopenia. The incidence of induced neutropenia has been reported to be between 7% to 16%. With smaller doses of penicillin, the complication is extremely rare and has not been reported with ampicillin (1, 3). We report a case of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia secondary to administration of oral ampicillin.A 30-year-old, white woman was admitted with a clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease...References1. NEITELMÜLLERHAUSERWÄLTIDEWECK KMSMA. More on penicillin-induced leukopenia [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:901. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MIROGATELLMORENOMENSAROCASAN MIGUEL JJAJJJ. More on penicillin-induced leukopenia [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:901-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SPAINCLARK DT. A case of agranulocytosis occurring during the course of penicillin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1946;25:732-3. LinkGoogle Scholar4. CORBETTPERRYSHAW GDT. Penicillin-induced leukopenia. N Engl J Med. 1983;307:1642-3. Google Scholar5. JOORBACHIKOHOUT BE. Apparent penicillin-induced arrest of mature bone marrow elements. Br Med J. 1973;2:26-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Carolina University School of Medicine Greenville, NC 27834 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1983Volume 99, Issue 4Page: 573-573KeywordsNeutropeniaPelvic inflammatory diseasePenicillin Issue Published: 1 October 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thyroid Carcinoma With Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: Edward H. Shortliffe
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article "Thyroid Carcinoma With Spinal Cord Compression," Lee D. Goldberg, MD, and Norman T. Ditchek, MD (1981; 245:953), report cases demonstrating the potential danger of withdrawing thyroid replacement therapy before iodine 131 treatment of thyroid cancer in patients with known spinal metastases. This concern has also been emphasized by Maloof et al.<sup>1</sup>We describe here another patient in whom spinal cord compression and paralysis developed during the period of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation in a patient with spinal involvement by metastatic thyroid cancer. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 62-year-old man was first seen in 1971 with bilateral leg weakness from a T2-T3 vertebral collapse secondary to metastatic mixed papillaryfollicular thyroid carcinoma. He received iodine 131 ablative therapy and externalbeam radiotherapy to the area of spinal involvement, and began receiving dessicated thyroid. Thereafter he remained well with stable periodic technetium Tc 99m bone scans and
The APC I1307K allele and breast cancer risk
Authors: Mark Redston, Katherine L. Nathanson, Zhi Qiang Yuan, Susan L. Neuhausen, Jaya Satagopan, Nora Wong, Diana Yang, Doudja Nafa, John Abrahamson, Hilmi Ozcelik, Danielle Antin-Ozerkis, Irene Andrulis, Mary Daly, Leonard Pinsky, Deborah Schrag, Steven Gallinger, Michael Kaback, Mary-Claire King, Trevor Woodage, Lawrence C. Brody, Andrew Godwin, Ellen Warner, Barbara Weber, William Foulkes, Kenneth Offit
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Inhibition of Cytokine-Induced Microvascular Arrest of Tumor Cells by Recombinant Endostatin Prevents Experimental Hepatic Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Lorea Mendoza, María Valcárcel, Teresa Carrascal, Eider Egilegor, Clarisa Salado, B. Kim Lee Sim, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract We investigated effects of endostatin (ES) in the prometastatic microenvironment of inflammation occurring during the microvascular phase of cancer cell infiltration in the liver. We used a model of intrasplenic injection of B16 melanoma (B16M) cells leading to hepatic metastasis through vascular cell adhesion molecule-(VCAM-1)-mediated capillary arrest of cancer cells via interleukin-18 (IL-18)-dependent mechanism. We show that administration of 50 mg/kg recombinant human (rh) ES 30 min before B16M, plus repetition of same dose for 3 additional days decreased metastasis number by 60%. A single dose of rhES before B16M injection reduced hepatic microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M by 40% and inhibited hepatic production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-18 and VCAM-1 expression by hepatic sinusoidal endothelia (HSE). Consistent with these data, rhES inhibited VCAM-1-dependent B16M cell adhesion to primary cultured HSE receiving B16M conditioned medium, and it abolished the HSE cell production of TNF-α and IL-18 induced by tumor-derived vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). rhES abrogated recombinant murine VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR/flk-1 receptor in HSE cells, preventing the proinflammatory action of tumor-derived VEGF on HSE. rhES also abolished hepatic production of TNF-α, microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M, and adhesion of B16M cells to isolated HSE cells, all of them induced in mice given 5 μg/kg recombinant murine VEGF for 18 h. This capillary inflammation-deactivating capability constitutes a nonantiangiogenic antitumoral action of endostatin that decreases cancer cell arrest within liver microvasculature and prevents metastases promoted by proinflammatory cytokines induced by VEGF.
Inhibition of platelet deposition and lysis of intracoronary thrombus during balloon angioplasty using urokinase-coated hydrogel balloons.
Authors: J F Mitchel, M A Azrin, D B Fram, M K Hong, S C Wong, J J Barry, L M Bow, T M Curley, F J Kiernan, D D Waters
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Conventional balloon angioplasty of intracoronary thrombus is associated with a high incidence of abrupt closure, distal embolization, and no-reflow phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to assess a new technique for treating intracoronary thrombus consisting of the local delivery of urokinase directly to the angioplasty site with urokinase-coated hydrogel balloons. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed local urokinase delivery using hydrogel balloons in four protocols. First, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of urokinase delivery in vitro using 125I-labeled urokinase to measure drug loading onto hydrogel balloons, drug retention by the hydrogel polymer during blood exposure, and drug transfer from the balloon surface to the arterial wall during balloon dilatation. Second, we measured 125I-urokinase washoff from the hydrogel balloon in the intact circulation and intramural drug delivery during in vivo balloon angioplasty in 10 anesthetized New Zealand rabbits. Third, we assessed the effect of local urokinase delivery on 111In-labeled platelet deposition after balloon angioplasty in vivo in 13 porcine carotid or iliac arteries dilated with urokinase-coated balloons and compared them with contralateral control arteries dilated with saline-coated balloons. Finally, we determined the clinical efficacy of urokinase-coated balloons in 15 patients with intracoronary thrombus, including 7 who demonstrated abrupt thrombotic closure after conventional angioplasty. Between 241 and 1509 U urokinase could be loaded onto hydrogel balloons ranging in size from 2 to 8 mm. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that hydrogel balloons absorbed significantly more urokinase and demonstrated less drug wash-off than nonhydrogel balloons (P &lt; .01). Similarly, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated urokinase transfer from the hydrogel to the arterial wall during balloon angioplasty, with greater intramural drug deposition with larger balloons (P &lt; .01). Local urokinase delivery after in vivo porcine angioplasty decreased 111In-labeled platelet deposition by 47% compared with contralateral control vessels (P = .03). Use of urokinase-coated balloons in patients with intracoronary thrombus resulted in thrombus dissolution and reversal of abrupt closure in all cases, without evidence of distal embolization. CONCLUSIONS With the use of hydrogel-coated balloons, urokinase can be delivered locally to an angioplasty site. This technique decreases platelet deposition after in vivo balloon angioplasty and is efficacious in treating intracoronary thrombus in patients, including those with abrupt thrombotic closure.
Antibody‐Targeted Drug Delivery to Injured Arteries Using Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zi Gu, Barbara E. Rolfe, Zhi Ping Xu, Julie H. Campbell, G. Q. (Max) Lu, Anita C. Thomas
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Targeted local delivery of a nanoparticle-based, antibody-targeted, and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) delivery system successfully reduces restenosis and thrombus formation in an animal model. An antibody recognizing cross-linked fibrin (XLF) D-dimer is successfully conjugated to layered double hydroxide nanoparticles. Use of the anti-XLF-conjugated LMWH-carrying layered double hydroxide nanoparticles shows successful targeting of the nanoparticles (red) to the injured artery wall (green), resulting in decreased neointimal thickening and thrombus formation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Missed Lesions and False-Positive Findings on Computed-Tomographic Colonography: a Controlled Prospective Analysis
Authors: R. B. Arnesen, S. Adamsen, L. B. Svendsen, H. O. Raaschou, E. von Benzon, O. H. Hansen
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the reasons for false findings on computed-tomographic (CT) colonography.A total of 100 consecutive CT colonography examinations were carried out before conventional colonoscopies scheduled on the same day. Before the study, an experienced radiologist received training in analyzing CT colonographies. The radiologists and endoscopists were blinded to each others' findings. The patients received standard polyethylene glycol bowel preparation and were scanned in the prone and supine positions using a helical CT scanner and commercially available software for image analysis. Each pair of examinations was later followed by an unblinded analysis, comparing the CT colonographies with video recordings of the conventional colonographies in order to determine the reasons for tumors being missed or false-positive diagnoses arising on CT colonography.Ninety polyps were detected in 41 patients. For patients with tumors > or = 5 mm and > or = 10 mm, the sensitivity was 67 % and 75 %, respectively, and the specificity was 84 % and 95 %, respectively. The most important reasons for the 38 false findings of tumors > or = 5 mm were perception errors (21 of 38) and misinterpretation of flat lesions in particular, including a high-grade dysplasia and a flat elevated Dukes A carcinoma. Residual stool was frequently the reason for misinterpreting lesions > or = 10 mm (four of 10).Perception errors were the main reason for false findings of lesions > or = 5 mm, including one flat malignant lesion. Residual stool caused four of 10 false findings for lesions > or = 10 mm. Reading CT colonographies requires a high level of expertise, and conventional colonography is still regarded as the gold standard for detecting colorectal lesions.
Filling-in as a <i>within-level</i> propagation may be an illusion
Authors: Talis Bachmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

“Finding out” about the visual world as approached from the organismic level may well include the “filling-in” type of perceptual completion if considered in terms of underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. But “filling in” can be interpreted not only as a result of within-level propagating of neural activity, but as a byproduct of the process that is necessary for modulating preconscious information about physically present objects or events so as to generate conscious quality in attending to them.
Patients' Perception of Hospital Care in the United States
Authors: Ashish K. Jha, E. John Orav, Jie Zheng, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Patients' perceptions of their care, especially in the hospital setting, are not well known. Data from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey provide a portrait of patients' experiences in U.S. hospitals.
Biochemical studies on the metabolic activation of halogenated alkanes.
Authors: K H Cheeseman, E F Albano, A Tomasi, T F Slater
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

This paper reviews recent investigations by Slater and colleagues into the metabolic activation of halogenated alkanes in general and carbon tetrachloride in particular. It is becoming increasingly accepted that free radical intermediates are involved in the toxicity of many such compounds through mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, covalent binding, and cofactor depletion. Here we describe the experimental approaches that are used to establish that halogenated alkanes are metabolized in animal tissues to reactive free radicals. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to identify free-radical products, often using spin-trapping compounds. The generation of specific free radicals by radiolytic methods is useful in the determination of the precise reactivity of radical intermediates postulated to be injurious to the cell. The enzymic mechanism of the production of such free radicals and their subsequent reactions with biological molecules is studied with specific metabolic inhibitors and free-radical scavengers. These combined techniques provide considerable insight into the process of metabolic activation of halogenated compounds. It is readily apparent, for instance, that the local oxygen concentration at the site of activation is of crucial importance to the subsequent reactions; the formation of peroxy radical derivatives from the primary free-radical product is shown to be of great significance in relation to carbon tetrachloride and may be of general importance. However, while these studies have provided much information on the biochemical mechanisms of halogenated alkane toxicity, it is clear that many problems remain to be solved.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PRECIPITIN REACTION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall, Torsten Teorell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. A quantitative study has been made of the effect on the precipitin reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and the homologous antibody of salt concentrations ranging from O.1 M to 1.79 M, including the effect of ions of higher valence. 2. Within these limits, observed decreases in precipitated antibody with increasing salt concentration appear to be due to a decrease in the amount of antibody combined with the S III, rather than to an increase in solubility of the S III-antibody compounds. 3. The egg albumin-antibody reaction is far less sensitive to changes in salt concentration than is the S III-antibody reaction.