tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Chronic Arm Oedema after Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: A. H. W. Nias
Journal: BMJ (1960)

B define certain rational grounds upon which operation should be undertaken urgently and resolutely.Summary Nine cases of acute traumatic limb ischaemia are presented.In spite of the fact that technically successful arterial repairs were performed in the majority, only three of the affected limbs were saved.The pathology is reviewed and the causes of the failures are examined.Some are unavoidable because of associated soft-tissue injury, but the majority are attributable to simple delay in restoring blood-flow.The reasons for this delay are discussed.It is felt that the aetiological role of arterial "spasm " in such cases has been overemphasized, to the detriment of their prompt and effective treatment.A suggested scheme of management is outlined. APPENDIXSince submitting this article two further cases of acute ischaemia resulting from trauma have been encountered.In one patient, a labourer aged 50, the axillary artery had been damaged by an injury to the shoulder.Operation was undertaken about four hours after the injury, and it was found that pulsation in the axillary artery extended down to a segment of narrowed contused artery beyond which the axillary artery was diminished in calibre and non-pulsatile.Exploration showed that continuity of the axillary artery was maintained only by a cuff of adventitia within which lay a thrombus effectively sealing the artery.The damaged portion was excised and the artery reconstructed by end-to- end anastomosis.An excellent result was obtained.In effect, the injury had completely severed the artery, and the ends were held in proximity by the adventitia; the outward appearances resembled some descriptions of " spasm " of the artery.The other patient, a labourer aged 52, was first seen 14 hours after a severe crushing injury confined to the thigh.At this time there was complete ischaemia of the leg and foot with gross swelling and contracture of the leg muscles.At operation, traumatic thrombosis of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus was found; the clot was removed from within the artery and a good popliteal flow restored.In view of the gross ischaemic damage to the leg, nothing further was done.Over the next 12 days the popliteal artery remained open, but massive septic necrosis of the leg muscles became apparent and the foot showed extensive gangrene, although two toes survived.A below-knee amputation was undertaken, during which a copious blood supply was encountered.In this patient the extensive injuries to the thigh had interfered with collateral circulation, so that occlusion of the main artery had caused almost complete ischaemia for 14 hours.Recognition of this ischaemia and relief by surgery within 6 hours of the injury might have saved the limb.
From Auscultation to Phonocardiography
Authors: Thomas M. Durant
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Recently there appeared a newspaper headline, The stethoscope is on its way out. No doubt the reporter who wrote this had exaggerated what the speaker actually said, but it is certainly true that many physicians (and laymen) are expecting the complicated machines of modern medicine to give all the answers. Likewise they look down their noses at devices such as the once-hallowed instrument of Laennec. I know some chest physicians whose pockets never bulge with these erstwhile badges of the medical profession, nor who even borrow one to listen to what might be going on in the patients' chests.  My answer is to say emphatically that many times the stethoscope is mightier than the roentgen tube, and, also that this simple hearing device remains the outstanding screening instrument in cardiology. I am implying, of course, that there is a well-trained auditory and cortical apparatus between the earpieces of the instrument.
The appearance of lecithin-32P, synthesized from lysolecithin-32P, in phagosomes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: P. Elsbach, P. Patriarca, P. Pettis, T. P. Stossel, R. J. Mason, M. Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingesting paraffin oil particles stabilized with albumin, converted more lysolecithin-(32)P (added to the medium as an albumin complex) to cellular lecithin than did control cells. Almost all of the increment in leukocyte lecithin-(32)P is found in association with the isolated phagocytic vacuoles. About half of lecithin-(32)P of granulocytes incubated first with lysolecithin-(32)P and then reincubated with paraffin particles in a nonradioactive medium is transferred from a sedimentable (presumably membrane) fraction to the phagosomes. Isolated phagosomes or granules by themselves are capable of acylating lysolecithin. The main source of lysolecithin-(32)P for synthesis of cellular lecithin-(32)P, however, appears to be extracellular rather than lysolecithin-(32)P within the cytoplasm or the phagocytic vacuole. We interpret our findings therefore as indicating that lecithin-(32)P in the phagosomes derives chiefly from the outer membrane.
Skin Reactions to Topical Aminophylline-Reply
Authors: Bruce M. Frome
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In response to Drs Simon and Terzian, I would like to make the following comments: To date, approximately 100 women have been studied in controlled trials designed to study the effect of aminophylline topically applied to the thighs. Of these women, only a few (described herein) have demonstrated any skin reactions to this treatment. These reactions were of minor severity and resolved spontaneously when the aminophylline application was stopped. The highest aminophylline concentration we studied was 10%. In one acute study, 51 subjects received a single application of 10% aminophylline in Aquaphor ointment system. Patch tests were conducted, and the results indicated a negative response for all subjects after 24 hours and 48 hours, except for one subject that experienced a mild (1+) response after 48 hours. In a second study, 34 women were treated five times per week with this 10% aminophylline ointment for a period of
1106. Development and Testing of Ternary Peptide Copolymerized Gene Delivery Systems
Authors: Changpo Chen, Ji-seon Kim, Dijie Liu, Marie McAnuff, Kevin G. Rice
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

In a previous study we reported the biodistribution, hepatocyte targeting and gene transfer efficiency of DNA condensates prepared by template polymerization of sulfhydryl cross-linking peptides to form a copolymer composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-peptide and glycopeptide 1. In the present study, we demonstrate a significant advancement of this concept through the generation of ternary peptide copolymers composed of a sulfhydryl cross-linking melittin fusogenic peptide, a PEG-peptide and a glycopeptide. We also demonstrate a means to prepare ternary peptide polymers of precise composition without the necessity of DNA template polymerization. Purified ternary peptide copolymers (TPC) were characterized for peptide monomer composition by RP-HPLC following reduction. The molecular weight of TPCs were estimated from a ladder of bands revealed by SDS-PAGE. TPCs were optimized to form small DNA condensates that target to liver hepatocytes in mice via asialoglycoprotein recognition of the glycopeptide. Once internalized TPCs undergo reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds to trigger the release of melittin which functions to lyse endosomes and facilitate DNA release into the cytosol. To prove this hypothesis in vivo, we have analyzed TPC/DNA condensate mediated SEAP expression in mice following i.v. dosing. The results indicate a relationship between the level of gene expression and the amount of melittin delivered to hepatocytes. This new delivery system, based on a pre-polymerized sulfhydryl cross-linked PEG-peptides, glycopeptides and melittin, can circulate in mice, target hepatocytes and trigger the release of a fusogenic peptide inside the target cell.
Educating Medical Educators
Authors: Carl G. Kardinal
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have been following your series of papers on medical writing, but I doubt that these articles will have much effect on improving the quality and clarity of clinical manuscripts. The problem seems more basic than one that can be solved by writing lessons. Yes, clinical papers are laiden with clichés, do lack style, and are burdened with long cumbersome sentences. And yes, they are forced to adhere to the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) form (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>67</b>:1117, 1967) which makes redundancy in expression inescapable. But I think a physician's ability or inability to express himself clearly in technical writing relates directly to his ability or inability to express himself in terms of thought content and speech. This in turn relates to his understanding not only of scientific discourse but also to his understanding of the arts, viz, literature, logic, and rhetoric. The
The Gastro-Oesophageal Junction; Clinical Applications to Oesphageal and Gastric Surgery.
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The gastroesophageal junction and its closing mechanism have recently been subjected to close scrutiny on many fronts. A monograph drawing all data together and relating them to clinical problems has now been provided. The author has carried out extensive studies in animals and man, and most of the book is a report of his own work.  The mechanism which prevents the reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus has been a subject of much controversy, some of which Mr. Muller Botha's scholarly study should dispel. Two factors, the mucosal folds and the inferior esophageal sphincter, act together in perfectly balanced harmony. Together they form the closing mechanism between the stomach and the esophagus.... The diaphragm is not part of the closing mechanism. It is, however, the important factor which supports the abdominal esophagus and cardia and maintains them in their normal position. There will be disagreement about some of his
Cholesterol Drug Lowers LDL-C Levels But Again Fails to Show Clinical Benefit
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Abuse of Casuistry
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>Mr Jourdain:</h3> I am in love with a lady of quality and I want you to help me write her a little note.... <h3>Philosopher:</h3> Certainly. You want it in verse no doubt? <h3>Mr Jourdain:</h3> No. None of your verse for me. <h3>Philosopher:</h3> You want it in prose then? <h3>Mr Jourdain:</h3> No. I don't want it in either. <h3>Philosopher:</h3> [But] my dear sir, if you want to express yourself at all there are only verse or prose for it.... <h3>Mr Jourdain:</h3> Talking, as I am now, which is that? <h3>Philosopher:</h3> That is prose.... <h3>Mr Jourdain:</h3> Here I've been talking prose for forty years and never known it, and mighty grateful I am for you telling me! Molière,<i>The Would-Be Gentleman</i> The recent conversation between medicine and ethics has invigorated both disciplines. Compelling clinical problems have energized and popularized ethics; concepts like autonomy have become tangible daily concerns. Building on medicine's beneficent
Abstract 5439: Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and drumstick (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Michael A. Lea, Taofeek Akinpelu, Ritesh Amin, Kiranmai Yarlagadda, Ramadevi Enugala, Bishambar Dayal, Charles desBordes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In previous studies we have observed that several polyphenolic molecules can inhibit growth and induce the synthesis of differentiation markers in colon cancer cells. In the present work we have sought to determine if similar activity can be observed with methanolic and ethanolic extracts from okra and drumstick. In okra, phenolic molecules and antioxidant activity were associated primarily with the seeds, whereas in drumstick the seeds had lower concentrations of phenolics and antioxidant activity than skin, pulp and seed coat. In studies with okra extracts we have concentrated on the effects of seed extracts because they were generally most inhibitory for cell proliferation as judged by protein yield, thymidine incorporation into DNA and tetrazolium salt reduction. With extracts from drumstick the greatest inhibition of growth was generally with seed coat extracts but anomalous results were obtained in assays of tetrazolium salt reduction. Inhibition was greater at low concentrations but at high concentrations the apparent effect was reversed. Studies in the absence of cells showed that a component of the drumstick seed-coat extract reacted directly to reduce the tetrazolium salt. Comparison with other parts of the drumstick indicated that this reduction was much greater with the seed coat extract. Small effects on colon cancer cell differentiation have been seen with extracts of okra seed and with pulp and seed extract from drumstick as judged by induction of alkaline phosphatase activity. In the case of okra seed extracts this effect was additive with the action of butyrate. Okra and drumstick have had a role in traditional medicine and the present data are encouraging for further studies on potential cancer chemopreventive action. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5439. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5439
A new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Creation and rationale for inclusion of tumor (T) characteristics
Authors: Sharifeh Farasat, Siegrid S. Yu, Victor A. Neel, Kishwer S. Nehal, Thomas Lardaro, Martin C. Mihm, David R. Byrd, Charles M. Balch, Joseph A. Califano, Alice Y. Chuang, William H. Sharfman, Jatin P. Shah, Paul Nghiem, Clark C. Otley, Anthony P. Tufaro, Timothy M. Johnson, Arthur J. Sober, Nanette J. Liégeois
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Screening by Chest Radiograph and Lung Cancer Mortality
Authors: Martin M. Oken, Willam G. Hocking, Paul A. Kvale, Gerald L. Andriole, Saundra S. Buys, Timothy R. Church, E. David Crawford, Mona N. Fouad, Claudine Isaacs, Douglas J. Reding, Joel L. Weissfeld, Lance A. Yokochi, Barbara O’Brien, Lawrence R. Ragard, Joshua M. Rathmell, Thomas L. Riley, Patrick Wright, Neil Caparaso, Ping Hu, Grant Izmirlian, Paul F. Pinsky, Philip C. Prorok, Barnett S. Kramer, Anthony B. Miller, John K. Gohagan, Christine D. Berg, for the PLCO Project Team
Journal: JAMA (2011)

The effect on mortality of screening for lung cancer with modern chest radiographs is unknown.To evaluate the effect on mortality of screening for lung cancer using radiographs in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.Randomized controlled trial that involved 154,901 participants aged 55 through 74 years, 77,445 of whom were assigned to annual screenings and 77,456 to usual care at 1 of 10 screening centers across the United States between November 1993 and July 2001. The data from a subset of eligible participants for the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which compared chest radiograph with spiral computed tomographic (CT) screening, were analyzed.Participants in the intervention group were offered annual posteroanterior view chest radiograph for 4 years. Diagnostic follow-up of positive screening results was determined by participants and their health care practitioners. Participants in the usual care group were offered no interventions and received their usual medical care. All diagnosed cancers, deaths, and causes of death were ascertained through the earlier of 13 years of follow-up or until December 31, 2009.Mortality from lung cancer. Secondary outcomes included lung cancer incidence, complications associated with diagnostic procedures, and all-cause mortality.Screening adherence was 86.6% at baseline and 79% to 84% at years 1 through 3; the rate of screening use in the usual care group was 11%. Cumulative lung cancer incidence rates through 13 years of follow-up were 20.1 per 10,000 person-years in the intervention group and 19.2 per 10,000 person-years in the usual care group (rate ratio [RR]; 1.05, 95% CI, 0.98-1.12). A total of 1213 lung cancer deaths were observed in the intervention group compared with 1230 in usual care group through 13 years (mortality RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87-1.22). Stage and histology were similar between the 2 groups. The RR of mortality for the subset of participants eligible for the NLST, over the same 6-year follow-up period, was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81-1.10).Annual screening with chest radiograph did not reduce lung cancer mortality compared with usual care.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00002540.
Prostanoids and blood pressure: which way is up?
Authors: Helene Francois, Thomas M. Coffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Members of the family of prostanoids, made up of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, are generated via COX-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. These lipid mediators exhibit wide-ranging biological actions that include regulating both vasomotor tone and renal sodium excretion. As COX inhibition is often associated with sodium retention leading to edema and hypertension, prostanoids appear to have a role in preventing the development of high blood pressure. On the other hand, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGI2 have also been implicated as determinants of renin secretion. A new study suggests that PGI2 plays a critical role in stimulating renin release and promoting hypertension following renal artery stenosis.
Prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus in the adult Chinese population
Authors: S. Peng, Y. Cui, Y. Xiao, L. Xiong, P. Hu, C. Li, M. Chen
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in an adult Chinese population without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.
Effect of nitroprusside on regional myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease. Results in 25 patients and comparison with nitroglycerin.
Authors: T Mann, P F Cohn, L B Holman, L H Green, J E Markis, D A Phillips
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The effect of nitroprusside on regional myocardial specific blood flow (RMBF) was evaluated in 25 patients with the xenon-133 washout technique. Six patients were normal (group 1), six patients had coronary artery disease without collateral vessels (group 2), and thirteen patients had coronary artery disease with collateral vessels (group 3). In group 1, RMBF was unchanged following nitroprusside. RMBF decreased significantly in both group 2 and group 3, including seven patients in group 3 with high-grade collateral vessels. The results were compared to the effect of nitroglycerin in 31 patients previously studied using the same technique. Mean arterial pressure and pressure-rate product were comparably reduced by both drugs. In contrast to the findings with nitroprusside, after sublingual nitroglycerin RMBF decreased markedly in normals and increased in patients with coronary artery disease and high-grade collaterals. The data suggest that nitroprusside may primarily affect resistance vessels within the coronary circulation, as opposed to the effect of nitroglycerin on conductance vessels. Thus, nitroprusside could result in redistribution of blood flow away from ischemic areas and potentially increase ischemic injury in some patients with coronary artery disease.
Developmental paediatrics in primary care: what should we teach?
Authors: J A Young
Journal: BMJ (1985)

filtration causing functional renal impairment.Secondly, as the patient was also taking a diuretic this made renal impairment more likely.2Thirdly, pre-existing renal failure was present.It seems surprising that enalapril was given to a patient with known bilateral renal artery stenosis as the deterioration in renal function which occurred was predictable and, indeed, is well recognised.
Right ventricular performance in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: J Ferlinz, R Gorlin, P F Cohn, M V Herman
Journal: Circulation (1975)

While left ventricular (LV) performance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been extensively investigated, little attention has been given to right ventricular (RV) function in this disease. For this purpose, a new geometric model for RV volume has been developed and RV end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), end-systolic volume index (ESVI), stroke volume index (SVI) and ejection fraction (EF) have been determined from biplane RV cineangiograms in 26 patients. Eight patients served as normal (control) subjects (group I). Eighteen patients with obstructive CAD comprised two other groups: six who had no significant disease of the right coronary artery (RCA) (group II) and 12 who had a high grade RCA lesion (group III). The mean values for EDVI, SVI and EF in group I were 76 +/- 11 ml/m2, 50 +/- 6 ml/m2, and 66 +/- 6%. The only significant difference between groups I and II was that SVI was lower in group II than in group I (P less than 0.01). No measurements in groups II and III were statistically different from each other. However, markedly subnormal values were found in group III (EDVI: 61 +/- 16 ml/m2, SVI: 33 +/- ml/m2 and ef: 52 +/- 7%); all values being significantly lower (SVI and EF: P less than 0.001; EDVI: P less than 0.05) than in group I. RV end-diastolic pressure was normal in all patients. These findings may related to 1) reduced RV compliance, 2) distorted LV geometry, 31 possible RV ischemia or 4) reduced Frank-Starling effect.
Reactive Hypoglycemia and Insulin Autoantibodies in Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: PERRY J. BLACKSHEAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

An 82-year-old woman developed symptomatic reactive hypoglycemia in the same year she developed a lupus-like syndrome, probably secondary to the administration of procainamide or hydralazine. Reactive hypoglycemia was confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test, in which plasma glucose decreased from a fasting level of 87 mg/dL to 32 mg/dL at 3 hours and 23 mg/dL at 4 hours, the last value being associated with loss of consciousness. The patient awoke after the intravenous administration of dextrose. Sensitivity to exogenous insulin was normal or increased. Attempts to measure plasma insulin levels led to the finding of anti-insulin antibodies in the patient's serum; these antibodies were of relatively low titer, were IgG, and not associated with antibodies to the insulin receptor. The patient had no history of exogenous insulin use. Her reactive hypoglycemia appeared due to the autoimmune insulin syndrome, which developed in association with drug-induced lupus erythematosus.