tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perception of airflow obstruction and associated breathlessness in normal and asthmatic subjects: correlation with anxiety and bronchodilator needs.
Authors: L P Boulet, I Cournoyer, F Deschesnes, P Leblanc, A Nouwen
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Perception of bronchoconstriction varies between individuals and its determinants remain to be identified. The perception of airflow obstruction and breathlessness during induced bronchoconstriction was studied, and the effects of anxiety, repetition of the stimulus, and bronchodilator needs on these measurements were examined in normal and asthmatic subjects.Fifteen normal (control) and 25 asthmatic subjects had two consecutive methacholine inhalation tests to induce a 20-50% fall in FEV1. Evaluation of the perceived magnitude of airflow obstruction, breathlessness, level of anxiety generated, and bronchodilator needs was obtained before each FEV1 measurement on a modified Borg scale from 0 to 10.Mean (SE) maximal fall in FEV1 in asthmatic and control subjects was of similar magnitude: test 1, 37.6 (1.4)% and 38.7 (3.1)%, and test 2, 36.0 (1.6)% and 27.7 (2.4)% respectively. There was a large interindividual variation in perception of airflow obstruction and breathlessness but, although they were well correlated in asthmatic subjects, they were perceived differently by the control subjects. Perception of airflow obstruction was greater in asthmatic subjects. The level of anxiety and the bronchodilator use were low and did not influence perception.During induced bronchoconstriction, the overall perception of airflow obstruction and breathlessness were similar among asthmatic subjects but controls showed a higher perception of airflow obstruction for any given level of breathlessness. Asthmatic subjects perceived airflow obstruction and breathlessness to a greater degree than did controls but anxiety and bronchodilator need were not correlated with respiratory sensation. The variability of bronchodilator use for similar degrees of bronchoconstriction suggests that it may be misleading to assess the severity of asthma control using only this indirect measure.
Prenatal Cigarette Smoke Decreases Lung cAMP and Increases Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Shashi P. Singh, Edward G. Barrett, Roma Kalra, Seddigheh Razani-Boroujerdi, Raymond J. Langley, Viswanath Kurup, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Mohan L. Sopori
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that in utero exposure to tobacco smoke, primarily through maternal smoking, increases the risk for asthma in children; however, the mechanism of this phenomenon is not clear. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate relaxes airway smooth muscles in the lung and acts as an antiasthmatic. In this study, we examined the effects of in utero cigarette smoke exposure of Balb/c mice on airway responsiveness, as determined by Penh measurements. Animals exposed prenatally but not postnatally to cigarette smoke exhibited increased airway hyperresponsiveness after a single intratracheal injection of Aspergillus fumigatus extract. The increased airway hyperresponsiveness was not associated with increased leukocyte migration or mucous production in the lung but was causally related to decreased lung cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, increased phosphodiesterase-4 enzymatic activity, and phosphodiesterase-4D (PDE4D) isoform-specific messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the lung. Exposure of adult mice to cigarette smoke did not significantly alter airway responsiveness, cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, or the phosphodiesterase activity. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke affects lung airway reactivity by modulating the lung cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels through changes in phosphodiesterase-4D activity, and these effects are independent of significant mucous production or leukocyte recruitment into the lung.
Abstract 1609: Infarct size and Transmurality as Predict Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Paul W Foley, Shajil Chalil, Kayvan Khadjooi, Russell E Smith, Michael P Frenneaux, Francisco Leyva
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aim: To determine whether myocardial scarring, quantified using late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR), predicts response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Methods and results: 45 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy [age 67.1 ± 10.4 yrs (mean ± SD)] underwent assessment of 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and quality of life (QoL) before and after CRT. Scar size (% left ventricular mass), location and transmurality were assessed prior to CRT using LGE-CMR. Responders (survival for 1 year with no heart failure hospitalizations, and improvement by ≥1 NYHA classes or ≥25% 6-MWD) had a higher LVEF (p=0.048), smaller (&lt;33%) scars (p=0.009) and fewer scars with ≥51% transmurality (p=0.002). Scar size correlated negatively with change in 6MWD (r=−0.54, p&lt;0.001) and positively with changes in QoL scores (r=0.35, p=0.028). Responder rates in patients with &lt;33 % scar were higher than in those with ≥33% scar (82% vs 35%, p&lt;0.01). Responder rates in patients with scar transmurality &lt;51% were higher than in those with ≥51% (89% vs 46%, p&lt;0.01). Amongst patients with posterolateral scars, a transmurality ≥51% was associated with a particularly poor response rate (23%), compared to scars with &lt;51% transmurality (88%, p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analyses, both scar size (p=0.022) and transmurality (p=0.004) emerged as predictors of response. In patients with posterolateral scars, pacing outside the scar was associated with a better responder rate than pacing over the scar (86% vs 33%, p=0.004). Conclusions: In patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, a scar size ≥33%, a transmurality ≥51% and pacing over a posterolateral scar are associated with a suboptimal response to CRT.
GENERALIZED ANGIOMATOSIS (TELANGIECTASIA)
Authors: JOHN F. MADDEN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Generalized telangiectasia may be an important sign of constitutional disease, or the small lesions may be only blemishes of cosmetic importance. During the past year a number of cases of generalized angiomatosis were referred to the dermatologic division for an opinion, and the information gained from the investigation of these cases has served as the basis for this report.  The cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia are by far the more important because of a higher percentage of fatal terminations. The condition may be defined as a hereditary disease of the small blood vessels characterized by the formation of multiple, permanent, localized dilatations of the capillaries and venules, which may give rise to apparently spontaneous and often recurrent hemorrhages. The telangiectasia has been most frequently noted in the skin of the face and in the mucosa of the mouth and nose. The hemorrhages occur most commonly in the form of recurrent
Arthropathy in thalassaemia patients receiving deferiprone
Authors: M. Berkovitch, R.M. Laxer, G. Koren, R. Inman, N.F. Olivieri, R.M. Laxer, N.F. Olivieri, K.P.H. Pritzker, M.J. Fritzler
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Should we use 2-D echo to assess RV form and function in adults with repaired tetralogy of fallot?
Authors: Candice Silversides, Gruschen R. Veldtman, Gary D. Webb, Judith Therrien, Claudia Quammie, Dara-May Rowlins, Naeem Merchant, Annette Flynne, Min-Jin Jung, Samuel Siu, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Occurring Together with the Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Richard M. Goodman, Charles F. Wooley, Robert L. Frazier, Lloyd Covault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THOUGH the classic features of the Marfan syndrome (arachnodactyly, ectopia lentis and aortic lesions) and those of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (joint hypermobility and hyperelasticity and fragility of the skin) are well recognized1 many are not aware of the clinical overlap existing in these and other heritable disorders of connective tissue.The present report describes a patient with valvular heart disease who had the classic features of both of the genetically determined disorders mentioned above — an observation not known to have been reported previously. Other facets of this report stress the possible relation between these two diseases, with a brief . . .
Abnormal Left Ventricular Myocardial Dynamics in Eleven Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: HOWARD J. DWORKIN, CLAUDINE LAWRIE, PAUL BOHDIEWICZ, A. MARTIN LERNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Eleven patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome were found to have abnormal left ventricular myocardial dynamics as indicated on MUGA studies. Among the abnormalities noted were abnormal wall motion at rest and stress, dilatation of the left ventricle, and segmental wall motion abnormalities.
A comparison of the anti‐inflammatory properties of intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines in allergic rhinitis
Authors: P. H. Howarth.
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Allergic rhinitis manifests itself clinically due to the local release of mediators from activated cells within the nasal mucosa. Treatment strategies aim either to reduce the effects of these mediators on the sensory neural and vascular end organs, or to reduce the tissue accumulation of the activated cells that generate them. Corticosteroids intervene at a number of steps in the inflammatory pathway, and, by reducing the release of cytokines and chemokines, inhibit cell recruitment and activation. These effects are evident both in vivo and in vitro. While antihistamines also have some anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, these require higher concentrations than with corticosteroids and are not consistently reproduced in vivo. In addition, although antihistamines and corticosteroids might appear to have complementary mechanisms of action, clinical trials suggest that their co-administration does not confer any additional long-term benefits compared with that achieved with corticosteroids alone. Topical corticosteroids are therefore the preferred anti-inflammatory therapy for persistent allergic rhinitis.
Abstract 3889: GRM1 over-expression in melanoma cells promotes microvesicle formation which functions in stimulating angiogenesis.
Authors: Jasmine J. Koo, Yu Wen, Jiadong Li, Suzie Chen, James Goydos
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Our group has reported that metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) as an oncogene and a potential therapeutic target for melanoma. More than 60% of human melanoma expresses GRM1, while normal melanocytes do not. In a Phase-0 trial of riluzole (an oral inhibitor of GRM1) in patients with advanced melanoma we showed suppression of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in melanoma specimens in 34% of the patients. Our group found that enhanced expression of GRM1 in a subclone of a melanoma cell line (UACC903) that normally expresses low levels of GRM1 stimulated angiogenesis via activation of the AKT-mTOR-HIF1-IL8, VEGF signaling pathway. Increasing GRM1 expression promoted membrane blebbing (a phenomenon that appears to lead to microvesicle formation) and riluzole treatment inhibited this effect. Suppression of GRM1 expression using an inducible siRNA construct inhibits the blebbing phenomena and microvesicle formation. Therefore, we hypothesize that GRM1 expression promotes microvesicle formation that may be involved in stimulating angiogenesis and tumor progression. Through electron-microscope and flow cytometry analysis, we have confirmed that increased GRM1 expression enhanced microvesicle secretion into the medium in cell culture and that knocking down GRM1 expression significantly reduced the quantity of microvesicle secretion. Furthermore, intra-tumor injection of collected microvesicles into two different melanoma xenograft tumors (UACC903 and C8161) demonstrated that the microvesicles formed from high GRM1 expressing cells promoted tumor growth and angiogenesis. We also showed that microvesicles from high GRM1 expressing cells increased endothelial cell proliferation exhibited measured using a BrdU incorporation assay. Our preliminary data demonstrate that GRM1 expression promotes microvesicle formation and that these microvesicles are associated with angiogenesis. Research on the molecular events associated with the phenomenon is ongoing. Citation Format: Jasmine J. Koo, Yu Wen, Jiadong Li, Suzie Chen, James Goydos. GRM1 over-expression in melanoma cells promotes microvesicle formation which functions in stimulating angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3889. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3889
Expert witnesses are likely to lose their protection against negligence
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Expert witnesses are likely to lose their immunity from being sued for damages over anything they do or say in a court case, after a high court judge referred the issue to the United Kingdom’s supreme court.

Mr Justice Blake ruled that he was obliged by a 1998 appeal court judgment upholding witness immunity to strike out a negligence claim against a consultant clinical psychologist who acted as an expert in a road accident case.

But he was satisfied that the case raised a point of law of general public importance and granted a certificate that it was suitable for an appeal to the UK’s highest court. “I conclude that …
LYMPHOEDEMA PRESENTING IN THE SKIN DEPARTMENT
Authors: PETER BORRIE, G. W. TAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article LYMPHOEDEMA PRESENTING IN THE SKIN DEPARTMENT Get access PETER BORRIE, M.D., F.R.C.P., PETER BORRIE, M.D., F.R.C.P. The Department of Dermatology and the Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. W. TAYLOR, M.S., F.R.C.S. G. W. TAYLOR, M.S., F.R.C.S. The Department of Dermatology and the Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 11, 1 November 1962, Pages 403–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13434.x Published: 01 November 1962
FDG PET for Esophageal Cancer Complicated by Sarcoidosis Mimicking Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Kentaro Takanami, Tomohiro Kaneta, Takayuki Yamada, Shigeo Kinomura, Shogo Yamada, Hiroshi Fukuda, Shoki Takahashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

This report documents 2 cases of esophageal cancer complicated by sarcoidosis mimicking mediastinal lymph node metastases on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) for staging of the cancer. In both cases, FDG PET demonstrated intense uptake in the swollen mediastinal and bilateral hilar lymph nodes. In 1 case, FDG PET showed intense uptake in the primary esophageal cancer. In another case, FDG PET showed no definite intense uptake in the primary esophageal cancer. The histopathology of the resected mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes demonstrated no malignant cells but sarcoid lesions such as noncaseating granuloma. Therefore, sarcoidosis should be considered when FDG PET shows intense FDG uptake in nonregional swollen lymph nodes, although the incidence of esophageal cancer complicated by sarcoidosis is rare.
765-2 Dietary L-Arginine Attenuates Macrophage Infiltration and Intimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury
Authors: Robert C. Candipan, Bing-yin Wang, Paul T.C. Hsiun, Merhdad Arjomandi, Philip S. Tsao, John P. Cooke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
SLX4, a coordinator of structure-specific endonucleases, is mutated in a new Fanconi anemia subtype
Authors: Chantal Stoepker, Karolina Hain, Beatrice Schuster, Yvonne Hilhorst-Hofstee, Martin A Rooimans, Jurgen Steltenpool, Anneke B Oostra, Katharina Eirich, Elisabeth T Korthof, Aggie W M Nieuwint, Nicolaas G J Jaspers, Thomas Bettecken, Hans Joenje, Detlev Schindler, John Rouse, Johan P de Winter
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
ABO blood groups, Rhesus negativity, and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: A. N. Hamlyn, J. S. Morris, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1974)

The distribution of blood groups and Rhesus negativity in 91 British patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was compared with a sample of registered blood donors. There were no significant differences from the expected proportions calculated from the control groups. Although the number of cases studied is small the analysis does not confirm previous reports of an excess of A group in the disease. If a genetic basis exists for primary biliary cirrhosis alternative markers must be found.
Anemia Is Common in Heart Failure and Is Associated With Poor Outcomes
Authors: Justin A. Ezekowitz, Finlay A. McAlister, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Although previous work has suggested that anemia is associated with an increased mortality in selected patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), little is known about the prevalence and predictors of anemia, or whether anemia is an independent prognostic factor in unselected, community-based patients with CHF. Methods and Results— We analyzed a population-based cohort of patients with new-onset CHF from a database of patients discharged from 138 acute-care hospitals in Alberta, Canada, between April 1993 and March 2001. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and Cox proportional hazards model were used. Among the 12 065 patients with CHF (median age 78 years), 17% had anemia, 58% of whom had anemia of chronic disease. After adjustment for clinical and demographic variables, patients with anemia were more likely to be older (odds ratio [OR] 1.01 per year) and female (OR 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.3]) and to have a history of chronic renal insufficiency (OR=3.2 [95% confidence interval 2.8 to 3.6]), or hypertension (OR 1.3 [95% confidence interval 1.2 to 1.5]). Hazard ratios for mortality, adjusting for covariates, were 1.34 (1.24 to 1.46) in anemic patients, and 1.36 (1.23 to 1.50) in those patients with anemia of chronic disease. Conclusions— In this large cohort of community-dwelling patients with CHF, anemia is common and an independent prognostic factor for mortality. Further research into the mechanisms of anemia in CHF and randomized controlled trials to test whether correction of anemia improves prognosis in CHF are needed.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: Imaging Characteristics, Size at Presentation and Bilaterality.
Authors: J. Hu, S. Lanitis, N. Dimopoulos, R. Bright-Thomas, D. Cunningham, B. Faissola, R. Al-Mufti, A. Rice, S. Cleator, D. Hadjiminas
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Aims: Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) is often described as elusive to standard imaging modalities and usually requiring mastectomy to obtain clear margins. Its reputation of being bilateral has been disputed by most recent studies. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the radiological diagnosis of ILC at first symptomatic presentation is more difficult than that of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in a modern breast clinic; also whether its size, surgical treatment at presentation and bilaterality is different from IDC and its subtypes.Materials &amp; Methods: The radiological codes given to all new symptomatic patients with invasive breast cancer, presenting at the breast clinic of St Mary's Hospital and undergoing surgery as first treatment, (n=754), were collected prospectively between 1998 and 2005 and final mastectomy rates were also recorded. Histological reports of all synchronous and metachronous bilateral cancers presenting with at least one tumour between 1998 and 2007 were analyzed (n=65).Results: ILC was given suspicious radiological codes as often as IDC (90% vs 93%). On final histology, ILC measured on average 3.6cm compared to 2.5cm for IDC (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was a trend of ILC requiring mastectomy more often (51% vs 43%). 12.7% of patients with at least one ILC diagnosis have developed bilateral breast cancer compared to 4.5% of patients who have never had an ILC diagnosis (p&amp;lt;0.05).Results IDCILCMixedSpecialUnknownTotalNo of patients551 (73%)86 (11%)52 (7%)62 (8%)3 (0.4%)754Age (mean)5861596157.659Mastectomy191 (43%)36 (51%)23 (49%)13 (25%) 263Breast conservation257 (58%)36 (51%)24 (51%)41 (77%) 358Size cm (mean)2.53.62.52.0-2.7USS suspicious473 (93%)72 (90%)41 (90%)42 (76%)2 (100%)630MMG suspicious412 (81%)58 (73%)39 (80%)43 (80&amp;)2 (100%)554 Conclusions: ILC is as easy to diagnose radiologically as IDC in symptomatic breast patients. However, ILC is larger at first presentation. In our database, ILC identified a subgroup of breast cancer patients who have a 3-fold higher risk of developing bilateral breast cancer of various histological types. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4015.
703 QUANTITATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN THE EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF STEATOSIS, IRON ACCUMULATION AND FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE (MRker STUDY)
Authors: C.L. Hoad, N. Palaniyappan, P. Kaye, M. Stephenson, S. Bawden, G. Dolman, M.W. James, C. Costigan, A. Austin, Y. Chernova-Chernaya, P.A. Gowland, I.N. Guha, S.T. Francis, G.P. Aithal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Liposome-Encapsulated Doxorubicin in Combination With Standard Agents (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) in Patients With Newly Diagnosed AIDS-Related Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results of Therapy and Correlates of Response
Authors: Alexandra M. Levine, Anil Tulpule, Byron Espina, Andy Sherrod, William D. Boswell, Robert D. Lieberman, Bharat N. Nathwani, Lauri Welles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin (Myocet; Medeus Pharma Ltd, Herts,UK) when substituted for doxorubicin in the CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) in patients with newly diagnosed AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (AIDS-NHL). Secondary objectives were to assess the impact of HIV viral control on response and survival, and to correlate MDR-1 expression with outcome.Liposomal doxorubicin at doses of 40, 50, 60, and 80 mg/m(2) was given with fixed doses of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone every 21 days. All patients received concurrent highly active antiretroviral therapy. NHL tissues were evaluated for multidrug resistance (MDR-1) expression.Twenty-four patients were accrued. 67% had high or high-intermediate International Prognostic Index scores; the median CD4 lymphocyte count was 112/mm(3) (range, 19/mm(3) to 791/mm(3)). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at any level, with myelosuppression being the most frequent toxicity. Overall response rate was 88%, with 75% complete responses (CRs), and 13% partial responses. The median duration of CR was 15.6+ months (range, 1.7 to 43.5+ months). Effective HIV viral control during chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved survival (P =.027), but CRs were attained independent of HIV viral control. MDR-1 expression did not correlate with response, suggesting that the liposomal doxorubicin may evade this resistance mechanism.Liposomal doxorubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone is active in AIDS-NHL, with complete remissions achieved in 75% independent of HIV viral control or tissue MDR-1 expression. HIV viral control is associated with a significant improvement in survival. Additional studies are warranted.