tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Conversion and Nuclear 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Binding in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum
Authors: F. R. Crantz, P. R. Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) conversion was evaluated in vivo in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and anterior pituitary of male euthyroid Sprague-Dawley rats. Tracer quantities of 125I-T4 and 131I-T3 were injected into controls and iopanoic acid-pretreated rats 3 h before isolation of nuclei from these tissues. Specifically-bound nuclear 131I-T3, denoted T3(T3); 125I-T3, denoted T3(T4); and 125I-T4 were extracted and identified by chromatography. Plasma iodothyronines were similarly quantitated. In control rats, nuclear T3(T3) (percent dose per milligram DNA × 10−4) was 174±31 in cerebral cortex, 50±9 in cerebellum, and 932±158 in pituitary (all values, mean±SEM). Nuclear T3(T4) (percent dose per milligram DNA × 10−4) was 23.3±3.3 in cortex, 3.5±0.6 in cerebellum, and 39.4±6.9 in pituitary. Two-thirds of nuclear T3(T4) derived from local T4 to T3 conversion. Nuclear T3(T4) in all tissues was reduced to less than 15% of its control value by iopanoic acid treatment and all of the residual nuclear T3(T4) could be accounted for by plasma T3(T4). Nuclear T3(T3) binding was not inhibited by iopanoic acid. These results indicate there is rapid local T4 to T3 conversion in rat brain and nuclear binding of the T3 produced. We have previously found that local T3(T4) production is the source of ∼50% of the T3 in rat anterior pituitary. The present observations that the ratio of locally derived nuclear T3(T4) to nuclear T3(T3) is much higher in cerebral cortex (0.1) and cerebellum (0.04) than in anterior pituitary (0.015) suggest that this locally produced T3(T4) is the predominant source of intracellular T3 in these portions of rat brain.
II. Prevention of Natural and Experimental Measles with the Vaccine
Authors: Harry A. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This paper reports experiences with a concentrated, alum-containing, formalininactivated measles virus vaccine. The Edmonston (Enders) strain, cultivated in monkey kidney tissue culture cells, was used. Three doses of 0.5 ml. of vaccine were administered intramuscularly to alternate children in 22 families. The other children received placebo injections. Reactions were minimal in both groups. Neutralizing antibodies appeared in 72% of the 18 children who received 3 doses. Those who acquired antibodies and were exposed to measles remained quite well while their placebo-treated siblings became quite ill. On subsequent challenge with live, attenuated measles virus vaccine, the immunized children remained well, even if their antibodies were no longer detectable, while the placebo group had some symptoms; both had excellent serological responses.
Micro-CT for Characterization of Murine CV Disease Models
Authors: Ahmad Y. Sheikh, Koen E.A. van der Bogt, Timothy C. Doyle, Maryam K. Sheikh, Katherine J. Ransohoff, Ziad A. Ali, Owen P. Palmer, Robert C. Robbins, Michael P. Fischbein, Joseph C. Wu
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Decreased Cardiovascular Disease and Increasing Cancer
Authors: Henry M. Lemon
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Davis and associates 1 deserves comment. The authors have excluded from   primary cancers of the pancreas, kidney, and bladder. These are increased at least twofold in cigarette smokers compared with nonsmokers. 2 If these cancers had been excluded from the  cancers, there would have been little increase in their incidence since 1900 in Fig 4 of the article.  If most non—smoking-related cancers did not increase, why then does the risk of breast cancer increase 2.7-fold in recent cohorts of women, following the 6.5-fold rise of all smoking-related cancers? Smoking-related cancers reached a peak in those born in the 1950s. This observation confirms other reports of the importance of indoor tobacco smoke pollution at home on children and wives. Significant statistical associations exist between the rise of lung cancer mortality in men and increased death rates from breast cancer 20 or
CD36 LIMPII analogous-1, a human homolog of the rodent scavenger receptor B1, provides the cholesterol ester for steroidogenesis in adrenocortical cells
Authors: Hitomi Imachi, Koji Murao, Makoto Sato, Hitoshi Hosokawa, Toshihiko Ishida, Jiro Takahara
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Secretion of Blood-group Substances in Rheumatic Fever
Authors: A. A. Glynn, L. E. Glynn, E. J. Holborow
Journal: BMJ (1959)

DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS MBJO 31.Does the weather affect your chest ?Yes/No 31a.(If no, check " not even fog or cold ?") Yes/No 35.Does it make you wheeze ?Yes/No 38.Does it make you breathless ?Yes/No Apart from colds, do you usually have a stuffy nose or catarrh at the back of your nose; 41.(a) in the winter ?Yes/No 42.(b) in the summer ?Yes/No 43.During the last three years have you had a chest illness which has kept you in bed, off work, or indoors ?Yes/No 43a.(If no, check " not even 'flu?")Yes/No If yes to 43 or 43a: 44.(a) did you have increased cough with the illness(es) ?Yes/No 45.(b) did you have increased phlegm with the illness(es) ?Yes/No 46.(c) did you have only one such illness ? 2 47.(d) did you have more than one such illness ?LI 48.(e) estimated average duration.62. Do you smoke?Yes/No 63. (If no) Have you ever smoked ?Yes/No (Record " No " if less than 1 a day for a year) (If yes): Cigarettes a weekw Ounces of tobaccoo/ week (hand-rolled) Ounces of tobacco/week (pipe) c REFERENCES
Religion is neither costly nor beneficial
Authors: Ilkka Pyysiäinen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Some forms of religion may in some cases alleviate existential anxieties and help maintain morality; yet religion can also persist without serving any such functions. Atran &amp; Norenzayan (A&amp;N) are unclear about the importance of these functions for a theory of the recurrence of religious beliefs and behaviors.
Letter from Chicago: Oblomov's syndrome
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1978)

ColchicineIndications.Treatment and prophylaxis of acute gout.During initial therapy with allopurinol or urocosuric drugs in chronic gout.Dosage.Acute attack, 1 mg initially (orally) then 0 5 mg every 2-3 hours until pain is relieved or diarrhoea occurs or until a total dose of 10 mg is reached.A course of therapy should not be repeated within three days.Prophylaxis, 0 5-1 5 mg orally, nightly or alternate nights.Dosage should be increased at the earliest possible sign of an impend- ing acute attack.Combined therapy, with allopurinol or uricosuric drugs 0 5 mg two or three times daily.Not suitable for use in children.Contraindications.Pregnancy.Precautions.Reduced cardiac, renal, or hepatic function.Warnings and adverse effects.Gastrointestinal symptoms are most likely to occur in patients with peptic ulceration or spastic colon. ProbenecidIndications.Gout and hyperuricaemia.As an adjunct to therapy with penicillins and certain cephalosporins-for example, cephalothin, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.Dosage.URICOSURIC THERAPY: Usual adult dose 500 mg daily for one week followed thereafter by 1 g daily.Daily dosage may be increased by 500 mg every four weeks up to a maximum of 2 g daily.When acute attacks have been absent for at least six months and serum urate concentrations are normal, dosage may be reduced by 500 mg daily over a period of months to the minimum effective dose.Paediatric dosage not established.PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORIN THERAPY: General, ADULTS 2 g daily.Smaller dosage for elderly patients with suspected renal impairment.CHILDREN over two years-25 mg/kg body weight (or 0 7 g/m2 body surface) initially; followed by 40 mg/kg (or 1-2 g/m2) daily (or adult dosage if weight is over 50 kg).Gonorrhoea-single dose of 1-2 g, with adequate doses of either oral ampicillin or ampicillin derivatives.
Reflections on Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and the International Response
Authors: Gabriel M. Leung, Angus Nicoll
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Gabriel Leung and Angus Nicoll provide their reflections on the international response to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, including what went well and what changes need to be made in anticipation of future flu pandemics.
Bile Reflux in the Esophagus Demonstrated by HIDA Scintigraphy
Authors: Perry S. Gerard, Paul Gerczuk, Howard Finestone
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Bile reflux into the esophagus after total or subtotal gastrectomy is a common problem. Gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y (RY) gastrojejunostomy is frequently attempted because it is believed to be rarely associated with bile reflux into the remnant stomach or esophagus. However, there have been reports in the literature suggesting that the presence of bile/duodenal fluid in the proximal gastrointestinal tract after RY is not uncommon. We describe a patient, status-posttotal gastrectomy with RY anastomosis, who underwent Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy, which displayed bile in her esophagus.
Evaluation of creatinine phosphokinase in screening patients for malignant hyperpyrexia.
Authors: F R Ellis, I M Clarke, M Modgill, S Currie, D G Harriman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Evidence is presented that serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is of no direct value in screening patients for susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia and does not correlate with halothane-induced muscle contracture or the presence of myopathy. Widely differing CPK values were found at different times in the same people. In most "malignant hyperpyrexia" families the susceptible patients had either normal or inconsistently raised CPK values.
Mechanism of the Blood Pressure—Raising Effect of Cocaine in Humans
Authors: Meryem Tuncel, Zhongyun Wang, Debbie Arbique, Paul J. Fadel, Ronald G. Victor, Wanpen Vongpatanasin
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Although the sympathomimetic actions and cardiovascular complications of cocaine are ascribed to inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. We asked (a) whether cocaine can inhibit NE reuptake in the human peripheral circulation and (b) whether the NE-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction is the main mechanism mediating blood pressure-raising effect of cocaine.In 15 healthy cocaine-naive subjects, we measured blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and forearm venous NE concentration during administration of (a) intrabrachial cocaine (0.15 and 15 mg), which produced no systemic neurohormonal effects, and (b) intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg). Intrabrachial cocaine (0.15 mg) increased venous forearm NE concentration by 82% and vascular resistance by 71% (P<0.01). Increasing the intrabrachial cocaine dose by 100-fold to match the venous cocaine level of massive cocaine overdose caused a small additional increase in venous forearm NE concentration without causing significant additional vasoconstriction. Although intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg) matched the venous cocaine concentrations caused by 0.15 mg of intrabrachial cocaine, venous NE concentration was unchanged as sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) decreased reflexively as the result of an increase in blood pressure. When SNA was restored to baseline by blunting the cocaine-induced rise in blood pressure (baroreflex activation) with nitroprusside, venous NE concentration increased to the same level caused by intrabrachial cocaine.In healthy cocaine-naive individuals, cocaine can inhibit NE reuptake in the human peripheral circulation. However, this mechanism does not contribute importantly to the blood pressure-raising effect of cocaine because activation of baroreceptor reflexes decreases SNA, the neural stimulus for NE release.
STOMATITIS VENENATA ANAL ORIFICE FROM LEAVES (RHUS AND DERMATITIS OF THE CHEWING POISON IVY TOXICODENDRON)
Authors: Seymour H. Silvers
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The mucous membranes are thought to be less sensitive than the skin to eczematogenous allergens. The skin is often found extremely sensitive to minute doses of a particular allergen while the mucous membrane of the same person remains unaffected by the identical allergen. This fact is responsible for the recent attempts to desensitize sufferers from eruptions caused by poison ivy by giving them drops of the tincture or extract of poison ivy leaves or asking them to chew the leaves. The reason for this profound difference in sensitivity of the skin and mucous membranes is not known. Nor is this difference as common as it is thought to be by many. There are persons whose skin and mucous membranes are equally sensitive to an allergen. A patient demonstrating this dual sensitivity came under my care recently. The following case is an illustration of the fact that the giving of poison
Chronic respiratory failure and physical reconditioning: case study of an elderly obese woman.
Authors: W. P. Marley, A. J. Barry, J. D. Posner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

A case is described of a 67 year old obese white woman who had a history of multiple medical problems and who was in chronic respiratory failure but responded poorly to intermittent positive pressure breathing, chest physiotherapy, and supplementary oxygen. She was treated successfully with a 600 k.cal diet and a 26-day physical reconditioning programme. Reconditioning techniques included free and treadmill walking, stair climbing, bench stepping, light calisthenics, and breathing retraining. Improvements were noticed in blood gases, spirometry, electrocardiogram, motor coordination, and physical working capacity.
A prospective study of the health effects of alcohol consumption in middle-aged and elderly men. The Honolulu Heart Program.
Authors: R J Goldberg, C M Burchfiel, D M Reed, G Wergowske, D Chiu
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The study objective was to determine the association between reported alcohol consumption and total mortality, mortality from selected causes, and incident nonfatal chronic disease events in middle-aged (51 to 64 years old) and elderly (65 to 75 years old) men during an approximate 15-year follow-up period. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a prospective epidemiological study of Japanese-American men who were participating in the Honolulu Heart Program and were free from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer at baseline examination and at subsequent reexamination 6 years later. Self-reported alcohol consumption was determined twice: at the baseline examination in 1965 through 1968 and at reexamination approximately 6 years later (1971 through 1974). Four primary alcohol consumption groups who reported similar alcohol intake at the time of these two clinical examinations were considered: abstainers and light (1 to 14 mL of alcohol per day), moderate (15 to 39 mL of alcohol per day), and heavy (&gt; or = 40 mL of alcohol per day) drinkers. Study end points were also determined in very light (1 to 4.9 mL of alcohol per day) drinkers and in men who reported a change in their alcohol intake between examinations. Longitudinal follow-up was carried out through the end of 1988 with determination of selected fatal and nonfatal events according to alcohol intake. After controlling for several potentially confounding factors, total mortality exhibited a J-shaped pattern in relation to alcohol consumption in middle-aged and elderly men. There was a trend for lower rates of occurrence of combined fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events with increasing alcohol consumption in both middle-aged and elderly men. Increasing alcohol consumption was related to an increased risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes in middle-aged men, whereas elderly light and moderate drinkers were at increased risk for fatal and nonfatal strokes. Heavy drinkers were at increased risk for fatal and nonfatal malignant neoplasms in the two age groups examined. CONCLUSIONS The results of this long-term prospective study provide a balanced perspective of the health effects of alcohol consumption in middle-aged and elderly men. High levels of alcohol consumption were shown to be related to an increasing risk of diseases of considerable public health importance. These findings suggest that caution be taken in formulating population-wide recommendations for increases in the population levels of alcohol consumed given the associated significant social and biological problems of high consumption levels.
Specificity of the Hepatitis C Virus Antibody ELISA in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Massimo Columbo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Raffaella Romeo, Angelo Sangiovanni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Specificity of the Hepatitis C Virus Antibody ELISA in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Get access Massimo Columbo, Massimo Columbo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria Grazia Rumi, Maria Grazia Rumi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raffaella Romeo, Raffaella Romeo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angelo Sangiovanni Angelo Sangiovanni Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 22, 21 November 1990, Pages 1784–1785, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.22.1784 Published: 21 November 1990
An Address on THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: G. W. Bray
Journal: BMJ (1933)

An individual is said to be " allergic " when he manifests an exaggerated susceptibility to substances innocuous to normal persons in the amounts commonly encountered.This hypersensitiveness or " allergy " on the part of the sufferer to many, usually harmarless articles -commonly con- tained in his diet or environment manifests itself in such numerous and apparently diverse conditions as asthma, hay fever, eczema, urticaria, and migraine, as well as in an ever-increasing host of minor affections.At first it was thought that only protein substances could act as " allergens " or originators of these reactions, but recent observations have shown that many non- protein factors, such as carbohydrates, drugs, and even physical agents, can lead to identical reactions.When we analyse these allergic responses we find that they usually
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT): Clinical and serological results in 17 cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE)
Authors: S. Bresson-Hadni, J.P. Higuet, A. Franza, B. Vuitton, D. Lenys, N.C. Becker, G. Landecy, G. Hantion, H. Gillet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
S16 Outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis from placebo controlled trials: Abstract S16 Table 1.
Authors: CP Atkins, YK Loke, AM Wilson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Much of the data regarding the natural history of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pre-dates current clinical criteria. Despite high mortality debate has been sparked recently regarding the appropriateness of mortality as an endpoint for clinical trials. Additionally, respiratory infections are seen to have a role in the natural history of IPF. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of mortality and respiratory infections in the placebo arms of IPF trials. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified randomised, placebo-controlled trials of IPF though a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED and Cochrane central. Outcomes were mortality and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). We standardised event rates and compared differences using incidence rate ratios between subgroups of trials, according to disease severity inclusion or use of low-dose corticosteroids). <h3>Results</h3> Thirteentrials were included, involving 1631 patients (2067.7 patient-years of follow-up). Standardised mortality was 91.9 deaths per 1,000 patient-years (range 18.8 to 224.5 per 1,000 years), though rates were higher in trials permitting low-dose immunosuppression and lower in trials excluding severe disease (table 1). Rates of respiratory tract infections were higher in trials including severe disease and in trials including patients receiving immunosuppression (table 1) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mortality rate was heterogenous and dependent on entry criteria, with rates in studies excluding severe disease half that of unselected studies. Rates of infection in IPF are high, even without concurrent use of immunosuppression. Given low mortality rates, consideration should be given to alternative primary outcomes to mortality in future IPF trials of patients with mild-moderate disease.
RBP-J imposes a requirement for ITAM-mediated costimulation of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Susan Li, Christine H. Miller, Eugenia Giannopoulou, Xiaoyu Hu, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, Baohong Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Osteoclastogenesis requires activation of RANK signaling as well as costimulatory signals from immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-containing (ITAM-containing) receptors/adaptors, predominantly tyrosine kinase-binding proteins DAP12 and FcRγ, in osteoclast precursors. It is not well understood how costimulatory signals are regulated and integrated with RANK signaling. Here, we found that osteopetrotic bone phenotypes in mice lacking DAP12 or DAP12 and FcRγ are mediated by the transcription factor RBP-J, as deletion of Rbpj in these mice substantially rescued the defects of bone remodeling. Using a TNF-α-induced model of inflammatory bone resorption, we determined that RBP-J deficiency enables TNF-α to induce osteoclast formation and bone resorption in DAP12-deficient animals. Thus, RBP-J imposes a requirement for ITAM-mediated costimulation of RANKL or TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, RBP-J suppressed induction of key osteoclastogenic factors NFATc1, BLIMP1, and c-FOS by inhibiting ITAM-mediated expression and function of PLCγ2 and activation of downstream calcium-CaMKK/PYK2 signaling. Moreover, RBP-J suppressed Plcg2 expression and downstream calcium oscillations indirectly by a TGF-β/PLCγ2/calcium axis. Together, our findings indicate that RBP-J suppresses ITAM-mediated costimulation, thereby limiting crosstalk between ITAM and RANK/TNFR signaling and allowing fine tuning of osteoclastogenesis during bone homeostasis and under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, these data suggest that environmental cues that regulate RBP-J expression/function potentially modulate the requirement for costimulatory signaling for osteoclast differentiation and bone remodeling.
Proximal enterectomy provides a stronger systemic stimulus to intestinal adaptation than distal enterectomy.
Authors: G V Appleton, J B Bristol, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1987)

Enteroglucagon has been implicated as a tropic hormone in the control of intestinal adaptation. Because cells producing enteroglucagon are located mainly in the distal small bowel (and colon), ileal resection might be expected to produce less adaptive change than a jejunal resection of equivalent length. This hypothesis was tested in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40) weighing 184.0 +/- 7.3 g and receiving a Thiry-Vella fistula (TVF) of the mid-60% of the small intestine. One group had concomitant resection of the jejunum proximal to the TVF (n = 12), another had resection of the ileum distal to the TVF (n = 13), while controls had a TVF alone (n = 15). When killed 10 days postoperatively rats with ileal resection weighed only 81% of controls (p less than 0.001) and 85% of those with jejunal resection (p less than 0.01). Jejunal resection produced an 81% increase in crypt cell production rate (measured by a stathmokinetic technique) over control values (28.5 +/- 4.2 v 15.8 +/- 2.3 cells/crypt/h: p = 0.025), whereas ileal resection had no demonstrable effect (17.5 +/- 2.3 cells/crypt/h). Adaptive hyperplasia in isolated small bowel is modulated by factors localised to the distal small intestine, enteroglucagon being a plausible candidate.