tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Interviewer: Questor
Authors: Ray van Wolkenten
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>The Interviewer</i>is an automated patient interviewing system and interview construction system. The interviews are designed to be completed by an unassisted patient after appropriate introduction by office staff. The program comes with a preconstructed interview, which prompts for basic demographic data, personal medical history, social history, medication history, allergies, family history, and review of systems. There is also a focused history for cold symptoms. Both are provided in English, Spanish, and French. Based on the responses of the patient, the physician can request a list of tests and patient education interventions that might be considered. The user interface is easy to use, and the patient can use either numerical keys or a mouse to answer most questions. Some typing is required for patient identification information, but that can be completed by staff when the patient is shown the program. Reports can be printed, shown on screen, or sent to
Pathological and clinical outcome of long-term intracoronary stenting: is its efficacy permanent?
Authors: Katsumi Inoue, Kenji Ando, Kenichi Abe, Shinichi Shirai, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Naoya Hamasaki, Takeshi Kimura, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Canadians need to spend $C5bn more a year on health care
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Canadians need to direct an additional $C5bn (£2.1bn; $3.2bn; €3.2bn) a year to their public healthcare system if they want it to survive and avoid the emergence of a parallel private system that they say they do not want. This is the central finding of the sixth and final volume of the report on healthcare reform from the Senate's standing committee on social affairs, science, and technology.

The report is the first of two major studies on health care to be delivered to the federal government. The other, expected at the end of the month, is being drawn up by the government appointed commissioner, former Saskatchewan premier Roy Romanow.

Simply putting more money into the …
Drug Treatment of Infants and Children Suffering from Pneumonia
Authors: W. Gaisford
Journal: BMJ (1959)

vomited when administered, penicillin should be given intramuscularly. From 1,000,000 units at 2 years to 2,000,000 units at 5 years of age should be sufficient. In either case no further specific treatment should be necessary for acute pneumococcal lobar pneumonia. Attention thereafter is directed solely to the child's general condition and not to the physicial signs in the lungs: these will follow the normal course, and their disappearance is in no way expedited by the stoss therapy. In other words, the continued presence of slight fever and the persistence of bronchial breathing for two to three days are not an indication for further treatment, provided the child's general condition is steadily improving. If, in the early stages, a frequent, irritable and painful cough is present, Gee's linctus (linctus scillae opiatus B.N.F.) may be given in doses of 30-60 minims (1.7-3.5 mi.) until relief is obtained. No other drug therapy is required.
Ethical and Practical Issues Associated with Aggregating Databases
Authors: David R Karp, Shelley Carlin, Robert Cook-Deegan, Daniel E Ford, Gail Geller, David N Glass, Hank Greely, Joel Guthridge, Jeffrey Kahn, Richard Kaslow, Cheryl Kraft, Kathleen MacQueen, Bradley Malin, Richard H Scheuerman, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The goal of “personalized medicine” relies upon defining the genetic variation responsible for disease susceptibility and response to therapy [1]. For most common human diseases, the contribution of a single sequence variant to disease susceptibility is typically small, and can only be detected with data from large numbers of people [2]. Practically, this necessitates collaboration among investigators who either have DNA and phenotypic information previously collected, or have access to populations from which to recruit participants. It also requires that data be shared among the collaborators. Modern bioinformatics platforms have the capacity to combine datasets and store them for re-analysis. This is scientifically advantageous since it makes possible studies with enhanced validity in a cost-effective fashion. However, this data storage can complicate the already vexing practical, scientific, and ethical issues associated with gene and tissue banks. Research participants' data may have been collected without authorization that meets today's standards for informed consent. Research participants may not have consented to participation in genetics research in general, to inclusion in genetics databases specifically, or to use of their samples in genetic analyses that were unanticipated, unknown, or nonexistent at the time samples were collected [3]. Participants who consented to the collection of their data for use in a particular study, or inclusion in a particular database, may not have consented to “secondary uses” of those data for unrelated research, or use by other investigators or third parties [4]. There is concern that institutional review boards (IRBs) or similar bodies will not approve of the formation of aggregated databases or will limit the types of studies that can be done with them, even if those studies are believed by others to be appropriate, since there is a lack of consensus about how to deal with re-use of data in this manner.
Melanoma-associated paraneoplastic retinopathy: case report and review of the literature
Authors: K. BOECK, S. HOFMANN, M. KLOPFER, U. IAN, T. SCHMIDT, R. ENGST, C.E. THIRKILL, J. RING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 51-year-old white male suffering from metastatic malignant melanoma of the skin presented with lymph node metastases and paraneoplastic retinopathy 4 years after resection of the primary tumour. There were no cerebral metastases. Ocular symptoms consisting of night blindness and sensations of 'shimmering lights' persisted after total resection of the inguinal lymph node metastases and administration of dacarbazine and prednisone. Perimetry of both eyes was abnormal with concentric restriction. Electroretinography showed significantly reduced amplitudes in both eyes. Only 11 patients with melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) have been described. High titres of autoantibodies against whole retina extract were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactions. Indirect immunohistochemistry showed strong autoantibody activity against retinal bipolar cells.
An Ethical Debate: Testing may be unhelpful
Authors: P. S Harper, A. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Once a mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been identified in a family testing children at risk becomes relatively simple. Ryan and colleagues are aware that such presymptomatic testing is regarded by some as ethically contentious but argue that there are sufficient benefits to justify it.

We disagree with this position, but are not opposed to all such testing. We carry out predictive genetic testing programmes in children for some conditions. The case for genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in neonates has not, however, been made.

Firstly, there is a potential confusion concerning the word “screening.” We believe that the term genetic screening should be restricted to mass testing of populations or specific groups when the benefits are known and should not be applied to family based testing.

The ethical approval for the project will have been granted for a research study aiming at identifying genetic defects giving rise to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Did this approval extend to the use of genetic testing of children at risk in a carrier family? Such testing, where there is no clear benefit to the child, should be regarded as a research procedure …
CXCL10 Promotes Osteolytic Bone Metastasis by Enhancing Cancer Outgrowth and Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Jong-Ho Lee, Ha-Neui Kim, Kyung-Ok Kim, Won Jong Jin, Seungbok Lee, Hong-Hee Kim, Hyunil Ha, Zang Hee Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Amplification of the chemokines CXCL10 and RANKL has been suggested to promote osteoclast differentiation and osteolytic bone metastasis, but a function for endogenous CXCL10 in these processes is not well established. In this study, we show that endogenous CXCL10 is critical to recruit cancer cells to bone, support osteoclast differentiation and promote for the formation of osteolytic bone metastases. Neutralizing CXCL10 antibody reduced migration of cancer cells expressing the CXCL10 receptor CXCR3, and loss of CXCR3 or CXCL10 decreased bone tumor burden in vivo. Bone colonization augmented host production of CXCL10, which was required for cancer growth and subsequent osteolysis. Direct interactions between cancer cells and macrophages further stimulated CXCL10 production from macrophages. Growth of bone metastases required CXCL10-stimulated adhesion of cancer cells to type I collagen as well as RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation. Together, our findings show that CXCL10 facilitates trafficking of CXCR3-expressing cancer cells to bone, which augments its own production and promotes osteoclastic differentiation. CXCL10 therefore may represent a therapeutic target for osteolytic bone metastasis.
Comparative Evaluation of Tc-99m-Heat-Denatured RBC and Tc-99m-Anti-D IgG Opsonized RBC Spleen Planar and SPECT Scintigraphy in the Detection of Accessory Spleen in Postsplenectomy Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Hentok Phom, A Kumar, M Tripathi, N Chandrashekar, V P. Choudhry, A Malhotra, C S. Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Objective: Radionuclide imaging specific for functioning splenic tissue is considered the method of choice to detect an accessory spleen in patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), who present with relapse after splenectomy. Radioimmunospleen scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled autologous RBC opsonized with anti-D IgG (RIS) is claimed to be more sensitive and specific than Tc-99m heat-denatured RBC spleen scintigraphy (HDRS) in the detection of an accessory spleen. We compared the efficacy of RIS with HDRBC for the detection of accessory spleens Methods: A total of 45 patients (male:female = 17:28, age range: 6–58 years) who presented with relapse of ITP after splenectomy underwent scintigraphy with both methods. An average of 3 years had passed since surgery. All patients were imaged by a dual-head gamma camera with high-resolution collimators; planar static images and SPECT of abdomen were acquired. Results: Accessory spleens were detected in 31% (14 of 45) of patients, 6 had 1 each and 8 had more than 1 (including 1 patient who had 13 accessory spleens). Both methods were concordant in all the patients. There was no difference in the scintigraphic picture (planar and SPECT) or in the size and number of accessory spleens detected. Conclusion: Tc-99m-labeled anti-D IgG opsonized autologous RBC spleen scintigraphy provides no additional diagnostic information over heat-denatured RBC spleen scintigraphy. Heat-denatured RBC scintigraphy thus remains the procedure of choice in the detection of accessory spleens.
The pulmonary physician in critical care * 12: Acute severe asthma in the intensive care unit
Authors: P Phipps
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Most deaths from acute asthma occur outside hospital, but the at-risk patient may be recognised on the basis of prior ICU admission and asthma medication history. Patients who fail to improve significantly in the emergency department should be admitted to an HDU or ICU for observation, monitoring, and treatment. Hypoxia, dehydration, acidosis, and hypokalaemia render the severe acute asthmatic patient vulnerable to cardiac dysrrhythmia and cardiorespiratory arrest. Mechanical ventilation may be required for a small proportion of patients for whom it may be life saving. Aggressive bronchodilator (continuous nebulised β agonist) and anti-inflammatory therapy must continue throughout the period of mechanical ventilation. Recognised complications of mechanical ventilation include hypotension, barotrauma, and nosocomial pneumonia. Low ventilator respiratory rates, long expiratory times, and small tidal volumes help to prevent hyperinflation. Volatile anaesthetic agents may produce bronchodilation in patients resistant to β agonists. Fatalities in acute asthmatics admitted to HDU/ICU are rare.
The Next Step in Biomimetic Material Design: Poly‐LacNAc‐Mediated Reversible Exposure of Extra Cellular Matrix Components
Authors: Meike V. Beer, Claudia Rech, Peter Gasteier, Birgit Sauerzapfe, Jochen Salber, Andrea Ewald, Martin Möller, Lothar Elling, Jürgen Groll
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Herein is demonstrated that a biomimetic, in-vivo-like presentation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV mediated by a fully functional poly-sugar (polyLacNAc)–lectin complex can be achieved on a biomaterials surface. Cells recognize and bind to these immobilized proteins and can, due to the reversible protein presentation, remodel initially presented ECM proteins.
Passive smoking and lung cancer: a publication bias?
Authors: J. P Vandenbroucke
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To assess the likelihood of publication bias in a recent review of the effect of passive smoking on lung cancer the evidence from the reviewed papers was visualised on a “funnel” plot. In such a plot if the relative risks from various studies are plotted according to sample size they should scatter round some underlying true value, the scatter being greatest where the studies have the lowest statistical power—thus showing a “funnel” pattern. If there is publication bias and studies with non-significant results are not being published there should be a “gap” in the plot. The logarithm of the relative risks was plotted against the standard error of the logarithm of the relative risk (which was used instead of sample size as a measure of statistical uncertainty). The resulting plot was compatible with a publication bias but only in studies on men. Further studies of passive smoking and lung cancer in men seem to be warranted.
Quantification of Left Ventricular Systolic Function by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Thor Edvardsen, Stig Urheim, Helge Skulstad, Kjetil Steine, Halfdan Ihlen, Otto A. Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a potentially powerful method for diagnosing myocardial ischemia. This study was designed to investigate how velocity patterns in ischemic myocardium relates to regional function, and to determine whether timing of velocity measurements relative to ejection and isovolumic phases may increase the diagnostic power of TDI. Methods and Results — In 17 open-chest anesthetized dogs we measured pressures by micromanometers, myocardial longitudinal segment lengths by sonomicrometry, and velocities by TDI. Myocardial longitudinal strain rate was calculated as velocity divided by distance to the left ventricle apex. Moderate ischemia (left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis) caused parallel reductions in regional systolic shortening by sonomicrometry ( P &lt;0.05) and in peak systolic velocities by TDI ( P &lt;0.05). Severe ischemia (left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion), however, induced systolic lengthening by sonomicrometry ( P &lt;0.001), whereas peak TDI velocity during ejection remained positive ( P &lt;0.05). When velocities during isovolumic contraction (IVC) and isovolumic relaxation (IVR) were included, TDI correlated well with sonomicrometry; ie, systolic lengthening occurred predominantly during IVC and was evident as negative velocities ( r =0.70, P &lt;0.001), and postsystolic shortening during IVR ( r =0.72, P &lt;0.001) as positive velocities. In nonischemic myocardium peak systolic strain rates were more uniform than velocities. Conclusion — The present results indicate that peak ejection velocity is an inappropriate measure of function in severely ischemic myocardium. Dyskinetic myocardium deforms predominantly during the isovolumic phases, and therefore IVC and IVR velocities are better markers of function. When isovolumic as well as ejection velocities are measured, TDI has excellent ability to quantify regional myocardial dysfunction. Longitudinal strain rates are more uniform than velocities and may further improve the diagnostic power of TDI.
Lithium-Carbonate-Induced Myxedema
Authors: Elliot D. Luby
Journal: JAMA (1971)

After six months of lithium carbonate maintenance therapy, a myxedematous state was induced in a middle-aged manic-depressive man in whom results from basal thyroid function studies were found to be normal. The diagnosis was missed because it was assumed that his mental state and psychomotor retardation were manifestations of a shift to the depressive phase. The diagnosis of myxedema should be considered when a manic-depressive patient maintained with lithium carbonate develops sluggish mentation, apathy, and facial edema in the absence of the subjective experience of depression.
ALBUMINURIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: JOSEPH K. CALVIN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The significance of albumin in the urine of apparently healthy children is still the subject of much discussion. Most of these cases are accidentally discovered in the routine examination of urine in schools, orphan asylums and dispensaries. Bright,<sup>1</sup>in 1827, regarded albumin in the urine as definite evidence of kidney disease. This view was held until Ultzmann,<sup>2</sup>in 1870, suggested the possibility of this urinary finding without an accompanying nephritis, and Leube,<sup>3</sup>in 1877, proved that albumin is found in the urine of many apparently healthy people. Various theories have been advanced to account for this benign albuminuria. Hooker<sup>4</sup>reviews the voluminous literature up to 1910. Post and Thomas<sup>5</sup>and Lauener<sup>6</sup>have summarized it up to 1923. The frequency of the condition in children varies in the reports from different observers. Capitan<sup>7</sup>reported the condition in 40 per cent of healthy children, Langstein
Publicity and Medical Ethics
Authors: HUGH V. FIROR
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:  Criticism of the medical profession is rampant today, and we doctors are fair game for anyone with a cause to promote or a periodical to sell. It is a cause for just concern to our profession that this situation is made more grave by physicians prominent professionally and in some instances politically. These men, predominantly although not exclusively surgeons, have abandoned both the scientific approach to reporting their accomplishments and established medical ethics.  The doctor is no longer the first to know of new research or clinical accomplishments, unless he regularly reads a number of prominent periodicals, in addition to the daily newspaper. No longer are spectacular results or the clinical course of prominent persons reported by a hospital spokesman. The attending physician is quoted by name or photographed for national press releases. Newsworthy science is reported in newspapers and news magazines before it appears in medical
Early clearance of peripheral blasts measured by flow cytometry during the first week of AML induction therapy as a new independent prognostic factor: a GOELAMS study
Authors: F Lacombe, C Arnoulet, M Maynadié, E Lippert, I Luquet, A Pigneux, N Vey, O Casasnovas, F Witz, M C Béné
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Factors influencing the eppicacy of recombinant interferon for the treatment of anti-HCV positive ceronic liver disease
Authors: R. Pérez, R. Pravia, A. Linares, M. Rodríguez, J.L.S. Lombrana, A. Suárez, S. Riostra, C.A. Navascués, N.G. Sotorrío, L. Rodrigo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
FUNCTIONAL TEST (PHENOLSULPHONEPHTHALEIN) OF THE KIDNEY IN SCARLET FEVER
Authors: M. FISHBEIN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Rowntree and Geraghty<sup>1</sup>in 1910 introduced phenolsulphonephthalein tests as a method of determining the functional ability of the kidney. They found on subcutaneous injection of the dye that in normal persons from 40 to 60 per cent. is excreted after one hour and from 20 to 25 per cent. after two hours. They found that in acute nephritis the activity of the kidneys may fluctuate greatly in twenty-four to forty-eight hours. In parenchymatous nephritis there is a marked decrease in the amount of drug excreted and in chronic interstitial nephritis a low output was found in all cases. Later they<sup>2</sup>showed that the test is of value in that by showing a marked decrease in renal function, it indicates impending uremia when other signs are lacking. They conclude that intramuscular injections are better than subcutaneous. This work has been confirmed by Boyd,<sup>3</sup>who examined a large series
Targeting the PI3K p110α Isoform Inhibits Medulloblastoma Proliferation, Chemoresistance, and Migration
Authors: Ana S. Guerreiro, Sarah Fattet, Barbara Fischer, Tarek Shalaby, Shaun P. Jackson, Simone M. Schoenwaelder, Michael A. Grotzer, Olivier Delattre, Alexandre Arcaro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently activated in human cancer and plays a crucial role in medulloblastoma biology. We were interested in gaining further insight into the potential of targeting PI3K/Akt signaling as a novel antiproliferative approach in medulloblastoma. Experimental Design: The expression pattern and functions of class IA PI3K isoforms were investigated in medulloblastoma tumour samples and cell lines. Effects on cell survival and downstream signaling were analyzed following down-regulation of p110α, p110β, or p110δ by means of RNA interference or inhibition with isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors. Results: Overexpression of the catalytic p110α isoform was detected in a panel of primary medulloblastoma samples and cell lines compared with normal brain tissue. Down-regulation of p110α expression by RNA interference impaired the growth of medulloblastoma cells, induced apoptosis, and led to decreased migratory capacity of the cells. This effect was selective, because RNA interference targeting of p110β or p110δ did not result in a comparable impairment of DAOY cell survival. Isoform-specific p110αinhibitors also impaired medulloblastoma cell proliferation and sensitized the cells to chemotherapy. Medulloblastoma cells treated with p110α inhibitors further displayed reduced activation of Akt and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase in response to stimulation with hepatocyte growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I. Conclusions: Together, our data reveal a novel function of p110α in medulloblastoma growth and survival.
TCT-23 Etiology, Frequency, and Clinical Outcomes of Post-procedural Myocardial Infarction After Successful Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Two-Year Follow-up From the ADAPT-DES Study
Authors: Tomotaka Dohi, Akiko Maehara, Bernhard Witzenbichler, D. Christopher Metzger, Michael Rinaldi, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Franz-Josef Neumann, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Ke Xu, Sorin Brener, Ajay J. Kirtane, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)