tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glycemic Variability: A Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>–Independent Risk Factor for Diabetic Complications
Authors: Michael Brownlee, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Catheter for Endoscopic Manometry of Oddi's Sphincter
Authors: W. Rösch, G. Lux, K. Seuberth
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

With a newly designed manometry catheter and a modified pull-through maneuver a high presure zone can reproducibly be recorded between the duodenum and the pancreato-biliary tree corresponding to Oddi's sphincter. Catheter marking allows in addition calculation of the length of this zone. Since the sealed end of the catheter remains during pressure recording within the ductal system repeated push-and-pull maneuvres can be performed through the sphincter area.
Loss of PTEN attenuates the development of pathological hypertrophy and heart failure in response to biomechanical stress
Authors: G. Y. Oudit, Z. Kassiri, J. Zhou, Q. C. Liu, P. P. Liu, P. H. Backx, F. Dawood, M. A. Crackower, J. W. Scholey, J. M. Penninger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The maladaptive response to biomechanical stress is a fundamental response in heart disease. Loss of the 3'-lipid phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), is associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-beta. We hypothesize that these key changes will halt the development of pathological hypertrophy and the progression to heart failure in response to pressure overload.In mice, muscle-specific knockout of PTEN, mckCRE-PTEN(flox/flox) (PTEN KO), resulted in basal hypertrophy and mild reduction in left ventricular (LV) systolic function. Male mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) or sham operation. In contrast to mckCRE-PTEN(+/+) control mice, pressure overload in PTEN KO mice resulted in reduced pathological hypertrophy, less interstitial fibrosis, and reduced apoptosis with a marked preservation of LV function. Western blot analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling showed equivalent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 with markedly reduced phosphorylation of jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1 and JNK2, and p38 in PTEN KO mice subjected to AB. Loss of PTEN was associated with increased expression of the proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and angiopoietin-2, with preservation of the myocardial capillary density in response to pressure overload. Moreover, banded PTEN KO mice maintained the expression of several key metabolic genes that are known to be dysregulated in heart failure. In contrast, a subpressor dose of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist angiotensin II (Ang II) leads to increased pathological hypertrophy and MAPK activation in PTEN KO mice.Loss of PTEN prevents the development of maladaptive ventricular remodelling with preservation of angiogenesis and metabolic gene expression in response to pressure overload but not in response to the GPCR agonist, Ang II. Inhibition of PTEN signalling in the heart may represent a novel approach to slow the progression of heart failure in response to pathological biomechanical stress.
Association between the occurrence of the anticardiolipin IgM and mite allergen‐specific IgE antibodies in children with extrinsic type of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome
Authors: E. Szakos, G. Lakos, M. Aleksza, E. Gyimesi, G. Páll, B. Fodor, J. Hunyadi, E. Sólyom, S. Sipka
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: As the literature has only controversial data on the role of nonallergen‐specific antibodies in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome, the authors investigated the link between the occurrence of the antiphospholipid [anticardiolipin (ACL), anti‐ β 2 ‐glycoprotein I] and allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in 72 children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Methods: The measurement of antiphospholipid antibodies was carried out by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum total IgE by nephelometry, and allergen‐specific IgE by immunoblotting assay. The statistical analysis was carried out by Fisher's exact test and odds ratio was calculated. Results: Thirteen of 72 children with AEDS (mean age 8.3 years) had elevated serum levels of ACL, and eight anti‐ β 2 ‐glycoprotein I antibodies. The presence of allergen‐specific IgE against inhalant allergens and nutritive allergens was among eight of 13 and three of eight in the cases with elevated ACL. The ratio of patients with highly increased severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index (&gt;75) was significantly higher in the group with elevated (4/13) than in those with the normal ACL levels (2/59). There was a significant association between the appearance of mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , D. farinae )‐specific IgE and ACL IgM antibodies (6/13). Conclusion: These findings show that there are significant linkage and association between the appearance of ACL IgM or the production of allergen‐specific IgE against inhalant (mainly mite) allergens in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome.
A Critical Appraisal of the Electrocardiographic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: DONALD W. ROMHILT, KEVIN E. BOVE, ROBERT J. NORRIS, EMMETT CONYERS, SANDRA CONRADI, DAVID T. ROWLANDS, RALPH C. SCOTT
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Thirty-three different electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy have been evaluated in 360 autopsied hearts utilizing a chamber dissection technic. One hundred and sixty hearts had left ventricular hypertrophy, and 200 hearts did not (146 of these were normal, and 54 had right ventricular hypertrophy). The following five electrocardiographic criteria had a sensitivity of 56% but 10.5% to 14.5% false positives: S v1 or S v2 +R v5 ≥35 mm, S v1 +R v5 or R v6 &gt;30 mm, S v1 , or S v2 + R v5 or R v6 &gt;35 mm, S v2 +R v4 or R v5 &gt;35 mm, R+S&gt;40 mm. A point-score system employing a combination of criteria had a sensitivity of 54%, but lowered the false positives to 3%. The best limb-lead criterion was R aV L &gt;7.5 which had a sensitivity of 22.5% with only 3.5% false positives. The following criteria had no false positives, but the highest sensitivity was 19%: S v1 ≥24 mm, R aV L &gt;11 mm, R I +S III &gt;25 mm, R I &gt;13 mm, R aV L &gt;12 mm, R I &gt;15 mm, R aV L &gt;13 mm, and S aV R &gt;14 mm. Overall the precordial lead criteria were considerably more sensitive but less specific than the limb lead criteria. Since only six of the 200 hearts without left ventricular hypertrophy were in persons less than 30 years of age, this is not the major explanation for the high incidence of false positives in the more sensitive voltage criteria. The problems of using voltage criteria alone and the need for new criteria and approaches to the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy are discussed.
Proliferative Response of Bronchoalveolar Lymphocytes to Beryllium
Authors: Milton D. Rossman, Jeffrey A. Kern, Jack A. Elias, Mark R. Cullen, Paul E. Epstein, Otto P. Preuss, Thomas N. Markham, Ronald P. Daniele
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To ascertain whether measuring the proliferative response of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes to beryllium salts is useful for diagnosing chronic beryllium disease. Design: Prospective case series compared to normal volunteers and patients with sarcoidosis. Setting: University referral center. Patients: Twenty-three consecutive beryllium workers were evaluated. Fourteen had chronic beryllium disease diagnosed on the basis of histologic evidence of a progressive pulmonary granulomatosis. Four had biopsy evidence of non-beryllium disease. Three had probable chronic beryllium disease but did not have lung biopsies. Two did not have biopsies and had basilar fibrosis on chest roentgenogram suggestive of non-beryllium lung disease. These patients were compared with 6 normal volunteers and 16 patients with sarcoidosis. Measurements and Main Results: Bronchoalveolar lavage was done and the proliferative response of the lung cells to two beryllium salts was tested. A positive proliferative test was defined as a stimulation index of more than five on two determinations. The sensitivity of this test was 100% in the 14 patients with definite chronic beryllium disease. The specificity of the test was also 100% among the normal volunteers and the 16 patients with sarcoidosis. The test was positive in none of the four patients with biopsy evidence of non-beryllium disease, none out of two patients with lower lobe fibrosis suggestive of non-beryllium disease, and all of three patients with probable chronic beryllium lung disease. Conclusions: The proliferative response of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes to beryllium appears to be a useful test for chronic beryllium disease.
Long-Chain Acyl–Coenzyme A Esters and Fatty Acids Directly Link Metabolism to K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels in the Heart
Authors: Gong Xin Liu, Peter J. Hanley, John Ray, None ürgen Daut;
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —ATP-sensitive K (K ATP ) channels are inhibited by cytosolic ATP, a defining property that implicitly links these channels to cellular metabolism. Here we report a direct link between fatty acid metabolism and K ATP channels in cardiac muscle cells. Long-chain (LC) acyl–coenzyme A (CoA) esters are synthesized from fatty acids and serve as the principal metabolic substrates of the heart. We have studied the effects of LC acyl-CoA esters and LC fatty acids on K ATP channels of isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes and compared them with the effects of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ). Application of oleoyl-CoA (0.2 or 1 μmol/L), a naturally occurring acyl-CoA ester, to the cytosolic side of excised patches completely prevented rundown of K ATP channels, but not of Kir2 channels. The open probability of K ATP channels measured in the presence of oleoyl-CoA or PIP 2 was voltage dependent, increasing with depolarization. Oleoyl-CoA greatly reduced the ATP sensitivity of K ATP channels. At a concentration of 2 μmol/L, oleoyl-CoA increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ATP &gt;200-fold. The time course of the decrease in ATP sensitivity was much faster during application of oleoyl-CoA than during application of PIP 2 . The effects of PIP 2 , but not of oleoyl-CoA, were inhibited by increasing Ca 2+ to 1 mmol/L. Oleate (C18:1; 10 μmol/L), the precursor of oleoyl-CoA, inhibited K ATP channels activated by oleoyl-CoA. Palmitoleoyl-CoA and palmitoleate (C16:1) exerted similar reciprocal effects. These findings indicate that LC fatty acids and their CoA-linked derivatives may be key physiological modulators of K ATP channel activity in the heart.
Pulmonary Function in Space
Authors: John B. West
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The lung is exquisitely sensitive to gravity, and so it is of interest to know how its function is altered in the weightlessness of space. Studies on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Spacelabs during the last 4 years have provided the first comprehensive data on the extensive changes in pulmonary function that occur in sustained microgravity. Measurements of pulmonary function were made on astronauts during space shuttle flights lasting 9 and 14 days and were compared with extensive ground-based measurements before and after the flights. Compared with preflight measurements, cardiac output increased by 18% during space flight, and stroke volume increased by 46%. Paradoxically, the increase in stroke volume occurred in the face of reductions in central venous pressure and circulating blood volume. Diffusing capacity increased by 28%, and the increase in the diffusing capacity of the alveolar membrane was unexpectedly large based on findings in normal gravity. The change in the alveolar membrane may reflect the effects of uniform filling of the pulmonary capillary bed. Distributions of blood flow and ventilation throughout the lung were more uniform in space, but some unevenness remained, indicating the importance of nongravitational factors. A surprising finding was that airway closing volume was approximately the same in microgravity and in normal gravity, emphasizing the importance of mechanical properties of the airways in determining whether they close. Residual volume was unexpectedly reduced by 18% in microgravity, possibly because of uniform alveolar expansion. The findings indicate that pulmonary function is greatly altered in microgravity, but none of the changes observed so far will apparently limit long-term space flight. In addition, the data help to clarify how gravity affects pulmonary function in the normal gravity environment on Earth.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Amniotic Fluid in Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Fraser Lewis, Harold Schulman, T. Terry Hayashi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Spectral absorption curves were plotted on amniotic fluid specimens from 38 Rhsensitized patients and one ABO-sensitized patient. Height of the 450-mμ peak gives reliable prediction of the severity of the hemolytic process of the fetus: peaks of 5 units or less were associated with infants who showed only minimal or no evidence of hemolytic disease; peaks greater than 5 units were associated with increasing hemolytic disease. Amniocentesis was found to be a safe valuable prenatal procedure, an aid to the physician in determining which patients require early delivery (thereby reducing mortality from erythroblastosis) and which can go to term (thereby eliminating complications which might arise from early induction of labor).
Identification of homologues of manganese superoxidase dimutase, thioredoxin, cyclophilin, profilin, a calcium-binding protein, and a fibrinogen-binding protein as IgE binding components in Curvularia lunata
Authors: F.L. Wong, S.S. Joshi, B.W. Lee, T.K. Tan, F.T. Chew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
A Gallery of Academic Types
Authors: Alvan G. Foraker
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Here are some types occasionally encountered in the academic world. Obviously no one will recognize himself; therefore, no one can take umbrage. <h3>The Climber</h3> Jack Eager is making his way upwards vigorously and somewhat ruthlessly. While he would not actually club anyone to death to reach the top, he might trample them a bit. There is no doubt that Jack Eager will make the top. <h3>Postmature Crown Prince</h3> Bill Acolyte (on the left) is now 57 years of age. For 30 years he has been the loyal number-2 man of the Great White Father, the man who built the empire. Bill Acolyte has done the work, taught the students, driven the residents, gotten out the routine, carried the load. Bill Acolyte has published little. Now the Chief is 65, ready for retirement and fishing. Bill Acolyte gazes longingly and warily at the throne. Will he inherit after his long and
226 Comparison of terlipressin and octreotide as a combination therapy with endoscopic variceal ligation in the control of acute esophageal variceal bleeding: A randomized, controlled study
Authors: S.B. Cho, W.S. Lee, C.H. Park, Y.E. Joo, H.S. Kim, S.K. Choi, J.S. Rew, S.J. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Intensified chemo-immunotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: P Corradini, U Vitolo, A Rambaldi, R Miceli, F Patriarca, A Gallamini, A Olivieri, F Benedetti, G Todeschini, G Rossi, F Salvi, B Bruno, L Baldini, A Ferreri, C Patti, C Tarella, S Pileri, A Dodero
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Abstract 4855: Use of blocker locked nucleic acid (LNA™) oligonucleotides in cycle sequencing for improved limits of detection (BLOC-Sequencing)
Authors: Benjamin Legendre, Grant Wu, Jason Stoddard, Jaclyn Scott, Emily Johnson, Julie Sommer, Tammy Murphy, Karissa Echtenkamp, Katherine Richardson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonists, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, are therapeutic agents that can be effective in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. It has been shown that 40% of CRC tumors have activating K-RAS exon 2 codon 12 and 13 mutations and that these mutations may be associated with a poor response to EGFR antagonists. Very high sensitivity detection of such diagnostic biomarkers is necessary to determine the presence or emergence of drug resistant tumor cell populations. The use of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA™) containing oligonucleotides (oligos) have been used in microRNA (sample preparation), RNA (in situ hybridization), and DNA (SNP detection using allele specific PCR) applications. The advantage of using LNA-containing oligos is that the denaturation temperature of LNA-oligo:DNA duplex is increased as compared to the DNA:DNA duplex To further the limit of detection of Sanger sequencing, a LNA-based approach has been developed to selectively block the sequencing of the wild-type DNA and allow the sequencing of DNA containing any mutation (BLOC-Sequencing). During cycle sequencing, an additional annealing step is added to hybridize the LNA containing oligo to the template DNA. Then, a denaturing step is performed at a temperature at which the LNA-containing oligo remains annealed to the wild-type sequence; however, the LNA oligo denatures from the mutant sequence. The sequencing primer then anneals to the mutant sequence and subsequently extended. Since LNA-containing oligos block amplification of the wild-type sequence, the mutant-containing DNA will be sequenced in a non-biased manner. Preliminary results using two sequences in a 1:1 ratio differing in only 2 nucleotides within the range where the LNA blocking oligo anneals demonstrated complete blocking of one sequence (sequence 1) where the LNA containing oligo was 100% complementary. The unblocked sequence (sequence 2) sequenced successfully, with minimal background due to sequence 1. Straight Sanger sequencing results of the 1:1 mixture without the LNA blocking oligo gave equal proportion of the two sequences present. To show applicability for use of this methodology in CRC samples, the limit of detection for multiple codon 12 and codon 13 K-RAS exon 2 mutations with and without the addition of the K-RAS exon 2 wild type specific LNA oligo in both the forward and reverse directions will be demonstrated. In addition, we will compare the results of 30 previously genotyped FFPE samples with this technique. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4855. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4855
Expiratory Phase Tracheal Gas Insufflation and Pressure Control in Sheep with Permissive Hypercapnia
Authors: HIDEAKI IMANAKA, MAX KIRMSE, HARALD MANG, DEAN HESS, ROBERT M. KACMAREK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) has been shown to be a useful adjunct to mechanical ventilation, decreasing PaCO2 during permissive hypercapnia. While TGI can be used either with pressure (PCV) or volume-controlled ventilation and continuously or only during the expiratory phase (Ex-TGI), there are no controlled studies evaluating the effects of Ex-TGI with PCV in acute lung injury when the direction of the insufflated flow or the inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) ratio are varied. We evaluated the effect that Ex-TGI with PCV would have on CO2 removal during both direct and reverse insufflated flow direction with varied I:E ratios when peak airway pressure, total positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and tidal volume (Vt) were kept constant. In addition we examined the effect that insufflation flow directed toward the mouth (reverse flow) would have on the generation of PEEP compared with flow directed toward the carina (direct flow). After saline lavage, nine sheep were ventilated with PCV to a baseline PaCO2 of 80 mm Hg. Ex-TGI (10 L/min) was then randomly applied in the reverse and direct direction with I:E set at 1:2 or 2:1. During 1:2 I:E PaCO2 decreased from 78 ± 4 mm Hg to 60 ± 7 mm Hg (23.5 ± 8.9%) with direct flow and to 64 ± 5 mm Hg (18.5 ± 5.5%) with reverse flow (p < 0.05), whereas during 2:1 I:E PaCO2 decreased from 80 ± 4 mm Hg to 69 ± 8 mm Hg (13.7 ± 9.2%) with direct flow and to 66 ± 4 mm Hg (17.2 ± 4.4%) with reverse flow (p < 0.05). Greater PEEP was developed with direct flow (2.8 cm H2O I:E 1:2 and 4.0 cm H2O I:E 2:1) than with reverse flow ( − 0.9 cm H2O I:E 1:2 and − 0.4 cm H2O I:E 2:1), p < 0.05. There was no difference in the PaCO2 change between I:E with reverse flow, but the PaCO2 decrease was greater (p < 0.05) during 1:2 versus 2:1 I:E with direct flow. CO2 removal during PCV and Ex-TGI is more consistent with reverse flow than with direct flow and PEEP level is less affected by TGI with reverse flow than with direct flow.
Dr. Howle Replies to Dr. Lewis.
Authors: W. P. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1894)

"How to manage criminals"—Howle. "How to encourage criminals."—Lewis. Doctors are better judges of disease than are laymen but not necessarily better versed in criminal law. I did not "define crime" because it was unnecessary. Your definition of criminal is incorrect by having "knowingly" inserted. I had no intention to defame our law-makers. I approve of "laws made by majorities." A "riot" may result in great good but to say that a "riot is lawful" is a contradiction of terms. I do not believe that the "absence of all human laws" "would destroy all force," nor do I believe that "law causes riot and justifies stealing," but I do believe that the object of the law is to "prohibit riot and other crimes." "Being imperfect in organization and training" would not be a satisfactory excuse for crime. "Malformation of the brain" is difficult to diagnose in a strong<i>healthy</i>criminal. The