tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Inflammatory Neuronal Injury and Prevention of Neuronal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Frauke Zipp, Ralf Gold, Heinz Wiendl
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered the prototype for an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, modern histopathology and imaging techniques show that significant damage to neuronal structures already start occurring in the earliest stages of the disease. As the disease progresses, the extent of neuronal pathology accumulates. Therapeutic progress in terms of the prevention of increased disability has only just begun. <h3>Objective</h3> To review possible diagnostic improvements of neuronal compartment pathology as well as direct therapeutic interventions based on reports from the last decade and outline clinical results from studies and perspectives on the progression of MS. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> Literature search focused on publications and the references contained therein, relating to neuronal compartment pathology and direct therapeutic interventions published in the last decade in well-established peer-reviewed journals. The quality of the cited works was ensured by their acceptance by peer review, participation in clinical trials, and authors’ own expert assessment. <h3>Findings</h3> Current MS therapies as well as medications that are in late phase 3 trials or under approval exhibit primarily anti-inflammatory properties. However, clinical and imaging data demonstrate the potential of using novel therapies to prevent neuronal damage. Whether these exhibit effects on the neuronal compartment due to interference with the immune system or additional direct effects depends without question on the specific mechanism of action. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Combining anti-inflammatory and direct neuroprotective, neuroregenerative/repair therapy strategies may open up new avenues in the treatment of MS.
The ATPase activity of MLH1 is required to orchestrate DNA double-strand breaks and end processing during class switch recombination
Authors: Richard Chahwan, Johanna M.M. van Oers, Elena Avdievich, Chunfang Zhao, Winfried Edelmann, Matthew D. Scharff, Sergio Roa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Antibody diversification through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are similarly initiated in B cells with the generation of U:G mismatches by activation-induced cytidine deaminase but differ in their subsequent mutagenic consequences. Although SHM relies on the generation of nondeleterious point mutations, CSR depends on the production of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their adequate recombination through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). MLH1, an ATPase member of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery, is emerging as a likely regulator of whether a U:G mismatch progresses toward mutation or DSB formation. We conducted experiments on cancer modeled ATPase-deficient MLH1G67R knockin mice to determine the function that the ATPase domain of MLH1 mediates in SHM and CSR. Mlh1GR/GR mice displayed a significant decrease in CSR, mainly attributed to a reduction in the generation of DSBs and diminished accumulation of 53BP1 at the immunoglobulin switch regions. However, SHM was normal in these mice, which distinguishes MLH1 from upstream members of the MMR pathway and suggests a very specific role of its ATPase-dependent functions during CSR. In addition, we show that the residual switching events still taking place in Mlh1GR/GR mice display unique features, suggesting a role for the ATPase activity of MLH1 beyond the activation of the endonuclease functions of its MMR partner PMS2. A preference for switch junctions with longer microhomologies in Mlh1GR/GR mice suggests that through its ATPase activity, MLH1 also has an impact in DNA end processing, favoring canonical NHEJ downstream of the DSB. Collectively, our study shows that the ATPase domain of MLH1 is important to transmit the CSR signaling cascade both upstream and downstream of the generation of DSBs.
Factors Associated With Fasting and Postglucagon Plasma C-Peptide Levels in Middle-Aged Insulin-Treated Diabetic Patient
Authors: Markku Laakso, Tapani Rönnemaa, Helena Sarlund, Kalevi Pyörälä, Veikko Kallio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

We studied fasting and postglucagon plasma C-peptide levels and factors associated with them in two representative studies of middle-aged insulin-treated diabetic patients whose diabetes had been diagnosed after the age of 30 yr. Altogether, 75 men and 79 women from East Finland and 83 men and 62 women from West Finland aged 45–64 yr were studied. Of these patients, 44.4% had undetectable fasting and 38.5% undetectable postglucagon C-peptide concentrations. The φ coefficient expressing the concordance of fasting and postglucagon C-peptide concentrations in the classification of diabetic patients into nonresponders and responders was .75 in men and .91 in women. In multiple stepwise regression analyses, body mass index (BMI) and the period between diabetes diagnosis and the initiation of insulin treatment were positively and duration of diabetes inversely associated with fasting and postglucagon C-peptide levels in both sexes. We concluded that 7) insulin deficiency is not uncommon in middle-aged insulin-treated diabetic patients whose diabetes has been diagnosed after the age of 30 yr; 2) fasting C-peptide levels contain basically the same information as postglucagon C-peptide levels; and 3) a low BMI, a need for insulin treatment soon after the diagnosis of diabetes, and a long duration of diabetes are predictive of insulin deficiency.
Traumatic Incomplete Rupture of the Gastric Wall: Endoscopic Treatment With Clip Application
Authors: S. Gölder, M. Jeschke, K. Jauch, J. Schölmerich, H. Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A 76-year-old woman, was involved in a high-speed car accident. The following diagnoses were made upon admission to our emergency unit: rupture of liver segment IV; liver hematoma (subcapsular) in segment VI; contusion of the pancreas; rupture of the spleen; rupture of the left accessory hepatic artery; and a Weber type C fracture of the right ankle joint. A fracture of the nose with impression was also diagnosed.
The p110δ isoform of the kinase PI(3)K controls the subcellular compartmentalization of TLR4 signaling and protects from endotoxic shock
Authors: Ezra Aksoy, Salma Taboubi, David Torres, Sandrine Delbauve, Abderrahman Hachani, Maria A Whitehead, Wayne P Pearce, Inma M Berenjeno, Gemma Nock, Alain Filloux, Rudi Beyaert, Veronique Flamand, Bart Vanhaesebroeck
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory
Authors: Nathaniel S. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The germinal proposition of psychoanalysis is, of course, that pathogenic mental conflicts underlie symptom-formation. A mode of the psychic apparatus which regulates and discharges mental energy should not only elucidate how mental forces oppose each other but also be consistent with clinical findings. In 1900, on the basis of accessibility to consciousness, Freud proposed a topographic model of the mind with activities taking place in three separate regions. Psychoanalytic work was, consequently, directed towards facilitating the emergence of the unconscious (force) via the preconscious into the conscious—a popular view delineating the essential task of psychoanalysis and one still erroneously held by many physicians, including psychiatrists. By 1923, however, broader clinical experiences demonstrated that mental conflicts may be generated in other ways: through opposing unconscious forces in opposition to moral forces, and through pressures from the external world. In order to attain larger consistency of theory and practice without retracting the
Pilot study with oral rapamycin in patients undergoing stenting in coronary arteries: Buenos Aires experience (ORAR trial)
Authors: Alfredo E. Rodriguez, Maximo J. Rodriguez Alemparte, Carlos Fernandez Pereira, Cesar F. Vigo, Claudio Llaurado, Miguel Russo Felsen, Oberdan Andrin, Jorge L. Martinez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Baby at Risk: The Uncertain Legacies of Medical Miracles for Babies, Families, and Society
Authors: Lainie Friedman Ross
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brain Morphology Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Paul M. Macey, Luke A. Henderson, Katherine E. Macey, Jeffry R. Alger, Robert C. Frysinger, Mary A. Woo, Rebecca K. Harper, Frisca L. Yan-Go, Ronald M. Harper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated occurrences of hypoxic, hypercapnic, and transient blood pressure elevation episodes that may damage or alter neural structures. Underdeveloped structures or pre-existing damage in brain areas may also contribute to the genesis of the syndrome. Brain morphology in 21 patients with OSA and in 21 control subjects was assessed using high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional brain images were obtained with voxels of approximately 1 mm3. Images were spatially normalized and segmented into gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. For each segment, regional volumetric differences were determined relative to age, handedness, and group (patients with OSA versus control subjects), using voxel-based morphometry, with OSA effects weighted by disease severity. A significant age effect on total gray matter was found in control subjects but not in patients with OSA. Diminished regional and often unilateral gray matter loss was apparent in multiple sites of the brain in patients with OSA, including the frontal and parietal cortex, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Unilateral loss in well-perfused structures suggests onset of neural deficits early in the OSA syndrome. The gray matter loss occurs within sites involved in motor regulation of the upper airway as well as in areas contributing to cognitive function.
Benzodiazepines of Long and Short Elimination Half-life and the Risk of Hip Fracture
Authors: Wayne A. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To determine if the risk of hip fracture differed between persons receiving benzodiazepines with long (≥24 hours) or short (&lt;24 hours) elimination half-lives, we conducted a nested case-control study among residents of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan who were 65 years of age and older. We identified 4501 cases occurring between 1977 and 1985 from computerized hospital records and 24 041 population controls. Current benzodiazepine use, defined as having filled a prescription in the past 30 days, was ascertained from computerized pharmacy records. The relative risk of hip fracture was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.0) for current users of long half-life benzodiazepines, in contrast to that of 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.3) for current users of short half-life drugs. This finding was not altered by sex, age, calendar year, nursing home residence, or history of hospitalization. Medical record review for a sample of 189 cases suggested that this finding was not due to confounding by dementia, ambulatory status, functional status, or body mass. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3303-3307)
Proinflammatory activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with ARDS, a prominent role for interleukin-1.
Authors: J Pugin, B Ricou, K P Steinberg, P M Suter, T R Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1) have been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in plasma from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In order to measure the balance of proinflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors, we quantified the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) induced by ARDS BAL fluids in human alveolar type II-like (A459) cells, and defined proinflammatory activity as the amount of ICAM-1 induced by the SAL fluids. Proinflammatory activity was detected in 77% of the SAL fluids sampled during the first week of ARDS, was found maximal during the 3 first days after onset of ARDS, and was significantly greater than in BAL specimens from at risk patients. Blocking experiments with specific inhibitors of TNF and IL-1 added to the BAL fluids indicated that the bioactivity measured was mainly due to IL-1. In contrast, proinflammatory activity of conditioned supernates from endotoxin-treated alveolar macrophages was mostly due to TNF. Using a bioassay that measures balance of cytokines with their inhibitors, our results indicate that the net proinflammatory activity in ARDS BAL fluids is attributable to IL-1 and not to TNF.
Case 35-1962
Authors: Daniel S. Ellis, Wallace A. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseA seventy-one-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of jaundice.The onset of yellow diarrhea, nocturnal chills, fever, abdominal distention and darkening of the urine occurred seven days previously. Within a few days the patient became constipated and icteric. There was no abdominal pain or pruritus. Four days before entry he was admitted to another hospital, where icterus, abdominal distention and shifting dullness in the flanks were recorded. The liver was not felt, and there was no abdominal tenderness. The hemoglobin was normal, and the white-cell count was 11,100, with 78 per cent neutrophils; the total . . .
Mental health services framework welcomed
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The first national service framework for mental health, announced last week by the health secretary, Frank Dobson, has been welcomed by a wide range of organisations, including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the NHS Confederation, the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, the King's Fund, and the NHS Executive for London.

The framework sets national standards for mental health services, based …
FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Christian Faul, Ansel P. Amaral, Behzad Oskouei, Ming-Chang Hu, Alexis Sloan, Tamara Isakova, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, Robier Aguillon-Prada, Joy Lincoln, Joshua M. Hare, Peter Mundel, Azorides Morales, Julia Scialla, Michael Fischer, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Jing Chen, Alan S. Go, Sylvia E. Rosas, Lisa Nessel, Raymond R. Townsend, Harold I. Feldman, Martin St. John Sutton, Akinlolu Ojo, Crystal Gadegbeku, Giovana Seno Di Marco, Stefan Reuter, Dominik Kentrup, Klaus Tiemann, Marcus Brand, Joseph A. Hill, Orson W. Moe, Makoto Kuro-o, John W. Kusek, Martin G. Keane, Myles Wolf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health epidemic that increases risk of death due to cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important mechanism of cardiovascular disease in individuals with CKD. Elevated levels of FGF23 have been linked to greater risks of LVH and mortality in patients with CKD, but whether these risks represent causal effects of FGF23 is unknown. Here, we report that elevated FGF23 levels are independently associated with LVH in a large, racially diverse CKD cohort. FGF23 caused pathological hypertrophy of isolated rat cardiomyocytes via FGF receptor-dependent activation of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway, but this effect was independent of klotho, the coreceptor for FGF23 in the kidney and parathyroid glands. Intramyocardial or intravenous injection of FGF23 in wild-type mice resulted in LVH, and klotho-deficient mice demonstrated elevated FGF23 levels and LVH. In an established animal model of CKD, treatment with an FGF-receptor blocker attenuated LVH, although no change in blood pressure was observed. These results unveil a klotho-independent, causal role for FGF23 in the pathogenesis of LVH and suggest that chronically elevated FGF23 levels contribute directly to high rates of LVH and mortality in individuals with CKD.
Differential Exposure of Eosinophils to Cytokines Leads to an Activated Phenotype in the Airways Inducing Pulmonary IL-13 Responses That Are Eosinophil Dependent
Authors: Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Dana C. Colbert, Katie R. Zellner, Cheryl A. Protheroe, William E. LeSuer, Nancy A. Lee, James J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Pulsed wave tissue doppler imaging for identification of responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Tiziana Chiriaco, Giuseppe De Martino, Gemma Pelargonio, Antonio Dello Russo, Tommaso Sanna, Lucia De Luca, Antonella Lombardo, Fausto Pennestri, Loredana Messano, Daniele Gabrielli, Marcello Vaccarella, Lucia Leccisotto, Paolo Zecchi, Fulvio Bellocci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Early β-Blocker Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Martha J. Radford, Yun Wang, Jersey Chen, Thomas A. Marciniak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Despite the evidence supporting the importance of early beta-blocker therapy, this intervention has received little attention as an indicator of quality of care.To determine how often beta-blockers are administered as early treatment of acute myocardial infarction in patients 65 years of age or older, to identify predictors of the decision to use beta-blockers, and to evaluate the association between the early use of beta-blockers and in-hospital mortality.Observational study.Nongovernment, acute care hospitals in the United States.Medicare beneficiaries who were 65 years of age or older, were hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction in 1994 and 1995, and did not have a contraindication to beta-blocker therapy.Medical chart review to obtain information about the use of beta-blockers, contraindications to these drugs, patient demographics, and clinical factors.Of the 58 165 patients (from a total of 4414 hospitals), 28 256 (49%) received early beta-blocker therapy. Patients with the highest risk for in-hospital death were the least likely to receive therapy. Patients who received beta-blockers had a lower in-hospital mortality rate than patients who did not receive beta-blockers (odds ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.87]), even after adjustment for baseline differences in demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics between the two groups.Early beta-blocker therapy was not used for 51% of elderly patients who were hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction and did not have a contraindication to this therapy. Increasing the early use of beta-blockers for these patients would provide an excellent opportunity to improve their care and outcomes.
Nasogastric tube accidentally stitched to the stomach during laparoscopic antireflux surgery
Authors: H. Shaaban, C. Armstrong
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

An overweight 59-year-old lady with a 6-cm hiatus hernia and reflux esophagitis underwent a laparoscopic antireflux procedure. After reduction of the stomach into the abdomen, the crura of the diaphragm were approximated behind the esophagus and an anterior fundoplication was created, using interrupted nonabsorbable stitches, to approximate the mobilized gastric fundus to the right crus ([Fig. 1]). The nasogastric tube was left in situ, the plan being to remove it next day. Surprisingly, though, repeated attempts to remove the nasogastric tube postoperatively were unsuccessful. The tube was arrested at 45 cm aboral and further attempts at pulling on it were clearly unsafe. A decision was taken for urgent endoscopy.
“Pseudodisappearance” of atrial electrogram during orthodromic tachycardia: New criteria for successful ablation of concealed left-sided accessory pathways
Authors: Julián Villacastín, Jesús Almendral, Olga Medina, Angel Arenal, Jose Luis Merino, Rafael Peinado, Jesús Martínez-Alday, Armando Pérez de Prado, Luis Tercedor, Juan Luis Delcán
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Effects of sirolimus-eluting stents in diabetic patients: Volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the SIRIUS trial
Authors: Junya Ako, Yoshihiro Morino, Yasuhiro Honda, Shinjo Sonoda, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Ali Hassan, Judith J. Jaeger, Charles A. Simonton, David K. Roberts, Michael W. Cleman, Martin B. Leon, Jeffrey W. Moses, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Embodied meaning and negative priming
Authors: Arthur M. Glenberg, David A. Robertson, Michael P. Kaschak, Alan J. Malter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Standard models of cognition are built from abstract, amodal, arbitrary symbols, and the meanings of those symbols are given solely by their interrelations. The target article (Glenberg 1997t) argues that these models must be inadequate because meaning cannot arise from relations among abstract symbols. For cognitive representations to be meaningful they must, at the least, be grounded; but abstract symbols are difficult, if not impossible, to ground. As an alternative, the target article developed a framework in which representations are grounded in perception and action, and hence are embodied. Recent work (Glenberg &amp; Robertson 1999; 2000; Glenberg &amp; Kaschak 2002; Kaschak &amp; Glenberg 2000) extends this framework to language.
Coronary revascularization in patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis.
Authors: F A Crawford, J H Selby, J D Bower, P H Lehan
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Thirty-two thousand patients are presently maintained in chronic dialysis programs. Cardiovascular complications have been shown to be responsible for 50 to 65% of the deaths in such patients. Despite this and the increasingly frequent use of coronary bypsss surgery in the general population, only two patients have previously been reported to have successfully undergone coronary bypass surgery while maintained on chronic hemodialysis. This reports two additional such patients who successfully underwent coronary revascularization without difficulty. Pertinent details of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management are outlined for these patients and the other 13 chronic dialysis patients who have had cardiopulmonary bypass for other reasons. With careful planning, coronary revascularization can be successfully carried out in this group of patients with minimally increased operative risk.