tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Omeprazole promotes proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in humans.
Authors: A Mertz-Nielsen, J Hillingso, K Bukhave, J Rask-Madsen
Journal: Gut (1996)

The proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, surprisingly resulted in higher rates of proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion than previously reported using an H2 receptor antagonist for gastric acid inhibition. Gastroduodenal perfusions were performed in healthy volunteers to evaluate whether this incidental finding is explained by more potent gastric acid inhibition by omeprazole or might be caused by the different mode of drug action. Basal and stimulated gastric and duodenal bicarbonate secretion rates were measured in the same subjects in control experiments (n = 17) and after pretreatment with high dose omeprazole (n = 17) and ranitidine (n = 9), respectively, by use of a technique permitting simultaneous measurements. Concentrations of bicarbonate were measured in the respective effluents by the method of back titration. Both omeprazole and ranitidine completely inhibited gastric acid secretion (pH 6.9 v 6.8; p &gt; 0.05). Omeprazole caused higher rates of basal (mean (SEM)) (597 (48) v 351 (39) mumol/h; p &lt; 0.02) and vagally stimulated (834 (72) v 474 (66) mumol/h; p &lt; 0.02), but not acid stimulated (3351 (678) v 2550 (456) mumol/h; p &gt; 0.05) duodenal bicarbonate secretion compared with control experiments. Also the combination of omeprazole and ranitidine increased (p = 0.05) duodenal bicarbonate secretion, while ranitidine alone caused no change in either basal or stimulated secretion. In the stomach basal as well as vagally stimulated bicarbonate secretion was independent of the means of acid inhibition. These results show that the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, promotes proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion apparently independent of its gastric acid inhibitory effect. The mechanism of action remains speculative.
Changes in home visiting and night and weekend cover: the patient's view
Authors: M G Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The administration of zinc supplements in pharmacological doses without knowledge of tissue zinc status carries risks, as this impairs absorption and may precipitate deficiency of other trace elements, particularly iron4 and copper.5We therefore suggest that tissue zinc depletion should be established before zinc supplementation and that the trace element profile is monitored during such treatment.
Relationship between the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis and the erythrocyte phenotypes of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Authors: M H Holguin, L A Wilcox, N J Bernshaw, W F Rosse, C J Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Susceptibility to hemolysis initiated by activated cobra venom factor (CoF) complexes is a characteristic that distinguishes the most complement-sensitive type III erythrocytes of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) from the intermediately sensitive type II and the normally sensitive type I cells. Recently we isolated a membrane constituent from normal erythrocytes that inhibits CoFBb-initiated hemolysis, and this protein was designated membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL). To investigate the molecular basis of the variability in complement sensitivity among PNH erythrocytes, the surface expression of MIRL and decay accelerating factor (DAF) on the three phenotypes of PNH was quantified immunochemically. Both complement regulatory proteins were markedly deficient on the erythrocytes from a patient with predominately type III cells. The erythrocytes from patients with a majority of either type II or I cells were also significantly deficient in both MIRL and DAF. While cytofluorometric analysis confirmed the quantitative deficiencies, segregation of erythrocytes into discrete subpopulations that expressed either no MIRL or normal amounts of MIRL was not observed. The results of immunoprecipitation studies were consistent with quantitative, but not qualitative abnormalities of MIRL and DAF. Selective removal of the sensitive erythrocytes indicated that approximately 20% of the normal amount of MIRL is sufficient to protect cells from CoF-initiated lysis. These studies suggest that relatively subtle quantitative differences in membrane complement regulatory proteins underlie the variability in complement sensitivity of PNH erythrocytes.
Coffee Intake and Serum Lipids in Men
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> On perusal, my first reaction to the article, "Coffee Intake and Elevated Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Levels in Men,"<sup>1</sup>was that it would stimulate a flood of letters to<i>JAMA</i>. Such a topic always does. My objections to the article are somewhat different and are directed at<i>JAMA</i>as much as at the authors. I understand methodology and statistics as well as the majority of<i>JAMA</i>readers, and I contend that that majority have not the faintest idea of how to interpret (or criticize) those data. This is not to suggest that the statistics are superfluous; indeed, they are the essence of the article. However, I question their deserving the status of a lead
Measurement of abdominal wall compliance in normal subjects and tetraplegic patients.
Authors: J M Goldman, L S Rose, M D Morgan, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1986)

On inspiration descent of the diaphragm is opposed by the passive properties of the abdominal wall, the tone of its muscles, and the inertia of the abdominal contents. As a result, intra-abdominal pressure rises and promotes rib cage expansion. In patients with high spinal injury the diaphragm is the most important muscle of inspiration and abdominal wall displacement is more evident than in normal subjects. Abdominal wall compliance has been measured by relating gastric pressure to abdominal wall displacement, which was determined by means of an optical contour mapping system. Six normal subjects and six tetraplegic patients were studied in the supine posture, during passive expiration from total lung capacity to functional residual capacity. Over this lung volume range the normal subjects partitioned an average of 31% of expired volume to the abdominal compartment, while the corresponding average figure in the patients was 77% of expired volume. Since the range of gastric pressure was similar in the two groups, it is concluded that abdominal wall compliance is greater in tetraplegic patients. This high compliance could have a detrimental effect on lower rib cage expansion.
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Burton E. Sobel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ELEVATED level of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is a well recognized manifestation of acute myocardial infarction. Recently, total CPK and CPK isoenzyme determinations have been utilized to improve<i>detection, quantification</i>, and<i>projection</i>of the evolution of infarction as well. <h3>Improved Detection</h3> Three CPK isoenzymes (MM, BB, MB) may appear in serum—each a dimer composed of two subunits of the M or B type. Myocardium contains the MB form as well as MM in contrast to skeletal muscle. Myocardial injury is associated with elevation of MB CPK levels. In contrast, after injury to skeletal muscle, serum CPK increases reflect MM activity. By detecting electrophoretically separated serum CPK isoenzymes with a fluorescence assay affording increased sensitivity, Roe and his colleagues have substantially facilitated the detection of myocardial infarction. Although they have cautioned that elevated levels of MB activity are not uniquely associated with myocardial injury, they have demonstrated that isoenzyme MB
Impact of Peri-Stent Remodeling on Restenosis
Authors: Mamoo Nakamura, Paul G. Yock, Heidi N. Bonneau, Katsuhiro Kitamura, Tadanori Aizawa, Hideo Tamai, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Vessel remodeling is an important mechanism of late lumen loss after nonstent coronary interventions. However, its impact on in-stent restenosis has not been systematically investigated. Methods and Results —Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analyses (poststent and follow-up) were performed in 55 lesions treated with a balloon-expandable stent (ACS MultiLink) using standard stent deployment techniques. The vessel volume (VV), lumen volume (LV), and volume bordered by the stent (SV) were measured using Simpson’s method. The volume of plaque and neointima outside the stent (peri-stent volume, PSV) and volume of neointima within the stent (intrastent volume) were also measured. The change of each parameter during the follow-up period (follow-up minus poststent) was calculated and then divided by SV to normalize these values (designated as percent change [%Δ]). As expected, %ΔPSV directly correlated with %ΔVV ( P &lt;0.0001, r =0.935), with no significant ΔSV. A highly significant inverse correlation was seen between %ΔPSV and the percent change of intrastent volume ( P &lt;0.0001, r =0.517). Consequently, %ΔLV significantly correlated with peri-stent remodeling, as measured by %ΔVV ( P &lt;0.0001, r =0.602). Conclusion —Positive remodeling of the vessel exterior to a coronary stent occurs to a variable degree after stent implantation. There is a distinct trade-off between positive remodeling and in-stent hyperplasia: in segments in which the degree of peri-stent remodeling is less, intrastent neointimal proliferation is greater and accompanied by more significant late lumen loss.
The expanding role of nurses in surgery and prescribing in British departments of dermatology
Authors: None COX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

A questionnaire to all 463 consultant members of the British Association of Dermatologists regarding nursing developments received 183 responses (40%) from over 127 departments. Sixty-nine per cent of respondents have nurse-run clinics, anticipated to increase to 91% at base hospitals and 79% in community settings. Fifty-seven per cent have protocols for nurses to alter treatments; 20% have nurses who initiate treatments. Twenty-six per cent have nurses who prescribe with medical countersignature, and 5% have nurses who can prescribe without medical countersignature (likely to increase fourfold). Seventy-two per cent anticipate nurses administering cryotherapy within the next few years. Few respondents supported nurses treating malignancies or lesions not seen by a dermatologist, but supervised procedures such as curettage, shave biopsy and punch biopsy were all likely to increase from about 15% to 30–40%. These interventional procedures, and particularly prescribing without medical countersignature, were currently most frequent in units without specialist registrar support. Obstacles to extending nursing roles included opposition from administration or nursing hierarchies (about 40%), funding problems (about 25%) and uncertainties from departmental nurses themselves (17%). There is clearly support from dermatologists for these developments, but the importance of adequate training, protocols and support from all relevant staff is paramount.
Coffee and pancreatic cancer. The problems of etiologic science and epidemiologic case-control research
Authors: A. R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE RECENT report that coffee may cause pancreatic cancer1was presented in a pattern that has become distressingly familiar. The alleged carcinogen is a commonly used product. The report was given widespread publicity before the supporting evidence was available for appraisal by the scientific community, and the public received renewed fear and uncertainty about the cancerous hazards lurking in everyday life.  The research on coffee and pancreatic cancer was done with the case-control technique that has regularly been used in epidemiologic circumstances where the more scientifically desirable forms2of clinical investigation—a randomized controlled trial or a suitably performed observational cohort study—are either impossible or unfeasible. In case-control studies, the investigators begin at the end, rather than at the beginning, of the cause-effect pathway. The cases are selected from persons in whom the target disease has already developed. The controls are selected from persons in whom that disease has not
EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: B. Hellmich, O. Flossmann, W. L Gross, P. Bacon, J. Willem Cohen-Tervaert, L. Guillevin, D. Jayne, A. Mahr, P. A Merkel, H. Raspe, D. G I Scott, J. Witter, H. Yazici, R. A Luqmani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To develop the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for conducting clinical studies and/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis.
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME AGAINST TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, René Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The bacterial enzyme which decomposes the purified capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus in vitro also destroys the capsules of the living organisms growing in media and in the animal body. Potent preparations of this same enzyme protect mice against infection with virulent Type III Pneumococcus. The protective action is type-specific. The protective activity of the specific enzyme is destroyed by heat (70 degrees C. for 10 minutes). The enzyme remains in an effective concentration 24 to 48 hours after its injection into normal mice. The enzyme has been found to exert a favorable influence on the outcome of an infection already established at the time of treatment. A definite relationship has been found to exist between the activity of the enzyme in vitro and its protective power in the animal body. The mechanism of the protective action is discussed with special reference to the relation between the decapsulation of the bacteria by the enzyme and the phagocytic response of the host.
P78Signalling via pi3k/foxo1a pathway modulates formation and survival of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells
Authors: G Foldes, E Gara, Z Lendvai, D Mathe, J Skopal, T Leja, A Kosztin, B Merkely, SE Harding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Vascular derivatives of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are being developed as sources of tissue-specific cells for organ regeneration. However, identity of developmental pathways that modulate the specification of endothelial cells is not known yet.

Methods: We studied PI3K-FOXO1A pathways during differentiation of H7 hESC towards endothelial lineage and on proliferation, maturation and cell death of hESC-derived endothelial cells (hESC-EC). We differentiated hESC towards endothelial lineage and used FACS to isolate CD31+ cells at day 13 after initiation of differentiation.

Results: During differentiation of hESC, expression of FOXO1A transcription factor was linked to the expression of a cluster of angiogenesis- and vascular remodelling-related genes. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) activated FOXO1A as shown by real-time PCR and nuclear translocation assay, and induced formation of CD31+ hESC-EC. In contrast, differentiating hESC with silenced FOXO1A by siRNA showed lower mRNA levels of CD31 and angiopoietin2. Similarly, overexpression of FOXO1A-eGFP construct in hESC-EC resulted in an increased angiopoietin2 expression (1.5-fold, p<0.5, n=3) as well as higher percentage of Topro3-positive necrotic cells (p<0.001). LY294002 decreased proliferative activity of purified hESC-EC, whilst FOXO1A siRNA increased their proliferation. LY294002 inhibited migration and tube formation of hESC-EC; in contrast, FOXO1A siRNA increased in vitro tube formation activity of hESC-EC.  Using a small-animal PET/MRI system along with gallium-labelled NOTA-based conjugates for in vivo multimodality imaging showed an active angiogenic activity of hESC-EC in athymic nude rats. After in vivo conditioning of cells for three weeks, cells retain their low FOXO1A expression levels.

Conclusions: PI3K/FOXO1A pathway is important for function and survival of hESC-EC as well as in the regulation of endothelial cell fate. Understanding these properties of hESC-EC may help in future applications for treatment of injured organs.
Does alcohol consumption increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? Comments on a recent meta‐analysis: reply from the authors
Authors: M. Rota, E. Negri, C. Pelucchi, C. La Vecchia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Does alcohol consumption increase the risk of cutaneous melanoma? Comments on a recent meta‐analysis: reply from the authors Get access M. Rota, M. Rota Department of Health Sciences Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology University of Milan‐Bicocca Monza ItalyDepartment of Epidemiology IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Via G. La Masa 19 20156 Milan Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Negri, E. Negri Department of Epidemiology IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Via G. La Masa 19 20156 Milan Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Pelucchi, C. Pelucchi Department of Epidemiology IRCCS – Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Via G. La Masa 19 20156 Milan Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. La Vecchia C. La Vecchia Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan Milan Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 3, 1 September 2014, Pages 658–659, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12996 Published: 01 September 2014
Correction: Serum Folate and Vitamin B_12
Authors: BENEDETTO MACALUSO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1972Correction: Serum Folate and Vitamin B12BENEDETTO MACALUSO, M.D.BENEDETTO MACALUSO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-3-486_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Your attention is respectfully called to the article, "Mucosa of the Small Intestine in Folate-Deficient Alcoholics," by Hermos and associates (76:957-965, 1972) in the June issue. At the bottom of Table 1 normal values for serum folate are reported as "> 6 mg/ml" and for serum B12 as "> 150 mg/ml."Normal values are given in the current edition ofCecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicineas: serum, folate 7 to 16 ng/ml; and serum B12, 200 to 800 pg/ml.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Meadows Hospital Las Vegas, N. Mex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1972Volume 77, Issue 3Page: 486-486KeywordsAlcoholicsFolic acidMucous membranesSmall intestine Issue Published: 1 September 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Campaign group claims that some cricketers in the Indian Premier League are breaching the rules on alcohol advertising
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Indian Premier League, the world’s wealthiest cricketing event, has landed itself in a public health controversy with the Bangalore team being accused of indulging in advertising alcohol brands, in contravention of national laws.

The Health Related Information Dissemination Amongst Youth (HRIDAY), a pressure group consisting of public health scientists, health professionals, and lawyers, has complained of the alleged breach to the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

In its complaint to the ministry, the group alleged that the Bangalore team, the Royal Challengers, had indulged in direct advertising of alcohol brands—because of players and team members wearing jerseys that prominently displayed names of alcohol brands on the front, back, and right arm. 

The team also used these brand names for the team’s promotional activities and as backdrops at press conferences with …
Low but sustained coagulation activation ameliorates glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis: protective effect of factor V Leiden in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Hongjie Wang, Thati Madhusudhan, Tao He, Björn Hummel, Simone Schmidt, Ilya A. Vinnikov, Khurrum Shahzad, Muhammed Kashif, Sandra Muller-Krebs, Vedat Schwenger, Angelika Bierhaus, Gottfried Rudofsky, Peter P. Nawroth, Berend Isermann
Journal: Blood (2011)

Whereas it is generally perceived to be harmful, enhanced coagulation activation can also convey salutary effects. The high prevalence of the prothrombotic factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation in whites has been attributed to a positive selection pressure (eg, resulting from reduced blood loss or improved survival in sepsis). The consequences of enhanced coagulation activation, as observed in FVL carriers, on microvascular diabetic complications remain unknown. We therefore investigated the role of FVL in diabetic nephropathy. In heterozygous or homozygous diabetic FVL mice, albuminuria and indices of diabetic nephropathy were reduced compared with diabetic wild-type mice. This was associated with reduced glomerular apoptosis and preservation of podocytes in diabetic FVL-positive mice. In vitro, low-dose thrombin (50pM) prevented, whereas high-dose thrombin (20nM) aggravated, glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes. In diabetic patients, the FVL mutation, but not the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism, is associated with reduced albuminuria, which is consistent with a nephroprotective role of low but sustained thrombin generation. Consistently, anticoagulation of diabetic FVL-positive mice with hirudin abolished the nephroprotective effect. These results identify a nephroprotective function of low but sustained thrombin levels in FVL carriers, supporting a dual, context-dependent function of thrombin in chronic diseases.
The Huxley Lecture on Recent Advances in Science and their Bearing on Medicine and Surgery: Delivered at the opening of the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School on October 3rd
Authors: R. Virchow
Journal: BMJ (1898)

THE honour of being invited to deliver the second Huxley Lecture has deeply moved me.How beautiful are these days of remembrance which have become a national custom of the 'English people, and through which the memory of intellectual heroes is kept alive to posterity!How touching is this act of gratitude when the celebration is held at the very place wherein the genius of the man whom it commemorates was first guided towards its scientific development!We are filled not alone with admiration for the hero, but at the same time with grateful recognition of the institution which planted the seed of high achievement in the soul of the youthful student That you, gentlemen, should have entrusted to a stranger the task of giving these feelings expression seemed to me an act -of such kindly sontiment implying such perfect confidence that I at first hesitated to accept it.How am I to find in a strange tongue words which shall perfectlyexpress my feelings?How shall fin the presence of a circle of men who are per- ~sonally unknown to me, but of whom many knew him who has passed away, and had seen him at work, always find the right expression for that which I wish to say as well as a member of that circle itself could ?I dare not believe that I shall -throughout succeed in this.But if in spite of all I repress my scruples it is because I know how indulgently my English col- leagues will judge my often incomplete statements, and how fully they are inclined to pardon deficiency in diction, if they are convinced of the good intentions of the lecturer.I may assume that such a task would not have been allotted to me had not those who imposed it known how deeply the feeling of admiration for Huxley is rooted within me, had they not seen howfullyIrecognisedthe achievements of the deadmasterfrom his first epoch-making publications, and how greatly I prized the personal friendship which he extended towards me.In