tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-1α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ mark β cells for Fas-dependent destruction by diabetogenic CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Abdelaziz Amrani, Joan Verdaguer, Shari Thiessen, Sonny Bou, Pere Santamaria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes, but the mechanisms through which they promote diabetogenesis remain unclear. Here we show that CD4+ T lymphocytes propagated from transgenic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice expressing the highly diabetogenic, β cell–specific 4.1-T-cell receptor (4.1-TCR) can kill IL-1α–, IL-1β–, and IFN-γ–treated β cells from NOD mice. Untreated NOD β cells and cytokine-treated β cells from Fas-deficient NOD.lpr mice are not targeted by these T cells. Killing of islet cells in vitro was associated with cytokine-induced upregulation of Fas on islet cells and was independent of MHC class II expression. Abrogation of Fas expression in 4.1-TCR–transgenic NOD mice afforded nearly complete protection from diabetes and did not interfere with the development of the transgenic CD4+ T cells or with their ability to cause insulitis. In contrast, abrogation of perforin expression did not affect β cell–specific cytotoxicity or the diabetogenic potential of these T cells. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in autoimmune diabetes, whereby these cytokines mark β cells for Fas-dependent lysis by autoreactive CD4+ T cells.
Acquired Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Authors: Linda C Wang, Shail Busbey, Shail Bushey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 41-year-old woman with a history of alcohol abuse, hypertension, and type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by retinopathy, nephropathy, and end-stage renal disease presented with a five-month history of alopecia and fine, brittle scalp hair, diarrhea, angular cheilitis, and a pruritic, scaly erythematous eruption (Panel A) that preferentially involved the distal extremities, the perineum (Panel B), and the buttocks. The patient did not have any neurologic symptoms. The skin eruption was treated unsuccessfully with topical corticosteroids and antifungal agents and with oral antibiotics. A skin-biopsy specimen from the left inner thigh revealed confluent parakeratosis with an absence of the granular . . .
Dietary Sugar and Ischaemic Heart Disease
Authors: R. W. Howell, D. G. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Comparison of the sugar intake of 1,158 men believed to be free of ischaemic heart disease failed to establish any real difference in intake when compared with 170 men with confirmed or possible ischaemic heart disease. In neither group was mere any significant correlation between sugar intake and serum cholesterol, white blood cell count, haemoglobin, E.S.R., beta-lipoprotein, or uric add; nor was there any correlation between total sugar intake and weight gain after the age of 25 years.These results suggest that considerably more confirmation is required before acceptance of Yudkm's hypothesis that high sugar intake is the chief dietary factor causing ischaemic heart disease.
US cancer institute suspends trial
Authors: J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The head of North America's biggest breast cancer study group has stepped aside at the insistence of the US National Cancer Institute. Dr Bernard Fisher, a professor of surgery at the University of Pittsburgh, was asked to resign his leadership of the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project, which has run more than 10 major treatment trials for breast cancer. He quickly announced that he would leave his post. In addition to seeking …
Keats and Anaesthetic Cyanosis
Authors: J. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid transporter produced predominantly by astrocytes in the brain. The ε4 variant of APOE (APOE4) is the strongest and most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the molecular mechanisms of this increased risk are unclear, APOE4 is known to alter immune signaling and lipid and glucose metabolism. Astrocytes provide various forms of support to neurons, including regulating neuron metabolism and immune responses through cytokine signaling. Changes in astrocyte function due to APOE4 may therefore decrease neuronal support, leaving neurons more vulnerable to stress and disease insults. To determine whether APOE4 alters astrocyte neuronal support functions, we measured glycolytic and oxidative metabolism of neurons treated with conditioned media from APOE4 or APOE3 (the common, risk-neutral variant) primary astrocyte cultures. We found that APOE4 neurons treated with conditioned media from resting APOE4 astrocytes had similar metabolism to APOE3 astrocytes, but treatment with ACM from astrocytes challenged with amyloid-β (Aβ), a key pathological protein in AD, caused APOE4 neurons to increase their basal mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolic rates more than APOE3 neurons. These changes were not due to differences in astrocytic lactate production or glucose utilization, but instead correlated with increased glycolytic ATP production and a lack of cytokine secretion response to Aβ. Together, these findings suggest that in the presence of Aβ, APOE4 astrocytes alter immune and metabolic functions that result in a compensatory increase in neuronal metabolic stress.
HBA1C LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG TERM MORTALITY RATES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ofer Havakuk, Shmuel Banai, Amir Halkin, Shlomo Berliner, Itzhak Herz, Miri Revivo, Maayan Konigstein, Eyal Ben Assa, Gad Keren, Ariel Finkelstein, Yaron Arbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Biochemistry: A Functional Approach
Authors: Howard S. Tager
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This 42-chapter text on what might be called "general biochemistry" is intended, according to the author's preface, "for those wishing to understand living organisms, especially those who strive to define and ameliorate human ills." The functional approach of the title is not new, but it represents a reasonable meshing of physiological chemistry, clinical correlations, and mammalian biochemistry; the emphasis, most appropriately, is on the last. The book is well printed in the new popular color combination of black and rust, and, although it contains no exercises for solidifying or extending textual material, the author does cite a few review and technical references for further reading. A strong point is the thoughtful inclusion of a boxed outline at the beginning of each chapter describing the organization of what is to follow. A weak point is the unsure bridging of chapters: topics proceed from amino acids and proteins to DNA and RNA
Alternatively spliced NKp30 isoforms affect the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Nicolas F. Delahaye, Sylvie Rusakiewicz, Isabelle Martins, Cédric Ménard, Stephan Roux, Luc Lyonnet, Pascale Paul, Matthieu Sarabi, Nathalie Chaput, Michaela Semeraro, Véronique Minard-Colin, Vichnou Poirier-Colame, Kariman Chaba, Caroline Flament, Véronique Baud, Hélène Authier, Saadia Kerdine-Römer, Marc Pallardy, Isabelle Cremer, Laetitia Peaudecerf, Bénédita Rocha, Dominique Valteau-Couanet, Javier Celis Gutierrez, Jacques A. Nunès, Frédéric Commo, Sylvie Bonvalot, Nicolas Ibrahim, Philippe Terrier, Paule Opolon, Cristina Bottino, Alessandro Moretta, Jan Tavernier, Pascal Rihet, Jean Michel Coindre, Jean Yves Blay, Nicolas Isambert, Jean Franãois Emile, Eric Vivier, Axel Lecesne, Guido Kroemer, Laurence Zitvogel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Generalized telangiectasia as the major manifestation of angiotropic (intravascular) lymphoma
Authors: E. ÖZGÜROĞcarLU, N. BÜYÜLBABANI, M. ÖZGÖROĞcarLU, C. BAYKAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We report a 60-year-old woman with B-cell angiotropic lymphoma who presented with generalized telangiectasia and indurated plaques. Cutaneous involvement in angiotropic lymphoma has a wide clinical spectrum. Telangiectasia on associated cutaneous lesions is expected, but generalized telangiectasia over normal skin was a striking feature of our patient.
Anorectal function in patients with complete supraconal spinal cord lesions.
Authors: R MacDonagh, W M Sun, D G Thomas, R Smallwood, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1992)

Anorectal manometry and sphincter electromyography were performed in 23 patients with complete supraconal traumatic spinal injuries and 30 age and sex matched control subjects. Basal pressures in the spinal group were similar to those in normal subjects but conscious control of sphincter activity was abolished in all spinal patients. Discriminant rectal sensation was also abolished during rectal distension, but 40% of patients experienced a dull pelvic ache at maximum levels of distension. Phasic rectal contraction and anal relaxation were present but exaggerated and induced at lower distending volumes than in normal subjects. The configuration of the rectal pressure/volume relationship was linear in patients compared with a reversed 9S9 shape in normal subjects. The external anal sphincter response to rectal distension was noticeably attenuated, reinforcing the view that this spinal reflex is heavily modulated by supraspinal centres under normal circumstances. The external anal sphincter response to increases in abdominal pressure was also attenuated, and the anal pressures were strongly correlated with the level of the lesion and the abdominal pressure the patient could generate. No spinal patient showed a decrease in external anal sphincter activity during straining 9as if to defecate.9 The exaggerated anorectal smooth muscle responses to rectal distension and the attenuated external sphincter response explain why patients with complete supraconal spinal lesions experience uncontrollable reflex defecation, while the persistance of external and sphincter contraction and the absence of any external anal sphincter relaxation during straining 9as if to defecate9 might explain the difficulty that these patients have in consciously expelling rectal contents.
BRCA2 germline mutations in male breast cancer cases and breast cancer families
Authors: Fergus J. Couch, Linda M. Farid, Michelle L. DeShano, Sean V. Tavtigian, Kathleen Calzone, Lisa Campeau, Yi Peng, Bert Bogden, Qian Chen, Susan Neuhausen, Donna Shattuck-Eidens, Andrew K. Godwin, Mary Daly, Diane M. Radford, Scott Sedlacek, Johanna Rommens, Jacques Simard, Judy Garber, Sofia Merajver, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial testing the effects of acupuncture on allergic rhinitis
Authors: S. M. Choi, J.‐E. Park, S.‐S. Li, H. Jung, M. Zi, T.‐H. Kim, S. Jung, A. Kim, M. Shin, J.‐U. Sul, Z. Hong, Z. Jiping, S. Lee, H. Liyun, K. Kang, L. Baoyan
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment for allergic rhinitis. Methods This study was a multicenter, randomized, parallel‐controlled study. Participants were randomized to either the active acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or waitlist groups. The active and sham acupuncture groups received acupuncture treatment three times per week for 4 weeks. In the sham group, minimal acupuncture at nonacupuncture points was used. The waitlist group did not receive any acupuncture treatment. Results Of the 238 participants, 97, 94, and 47 individuals were assigned to the active acupuncture, sham acupuncture, and waitlist group, respectively. After the treatment, the difference in the total nasal symptom score ( TNSS ) was significantly reduced in the active acupuncture group compared with the sham acupuncture (difference: −1.03, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: −1.96, −0.09, P = 0.03) and waitlist (difference: −2.49, 95% CI : −3.68, −1.29, P &lt; 0.0001). The active acupuncture group exhibited a significant change in the total non‐nasal symptom score ( TNNSS ) compared with the waitlist (difference: −0.78, 95% CI : −1.22, −0.34, P = 0.0002), but not the sham acupuncture group (difference; 0.15, 95% CI : −0.21, 0.5, P = 0.56). Both active and sham acupuncture treatments resulted in significant improvements in TNSS and TNNSS compared to baseline. Conclusion Active acupuncture showed a significantly greater effect on symptoms of allergic rhinitis than either sham acupuncture or no active treatment. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis decreased significantly after treatment in the both acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. Acupuncture appears to be an effective and safe treatment for allergic rhinitis.
An Intracardiac Pacemaker in Adams-Stokes Attacks in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abner J. Delman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

COMPLETE HEART BLOCK with Adams-Stokes seizures is an uncommon, but grave, complication of acute myocardial infarction, with at least a 50% mortality rate.<sup>1</sup>During the acute phase of myocardial infarction, atrioventricular block may be transient.<sup>1, 2</sup>If a patient is successfully maintained during this period, and reverts to regular sinus rhythm, the long-term mortality is no greater than in those postinfarction patients without associated heart block.<sup>3</sup> Recommended drug therapy for Adams-Stokes attacks in the immediate postinfarction period includes epinephrine or isoproterenol hydrochloride, adrenocortical steroids, and intravenous molar sodium lactate.<sup>1,4,5</sup>With all of these medications, there may be a failure of response, or the patient may become refractory to treatment. The external pacemaker<sup>6, 7</sup>has provided a dramatic advance in the general management of Adams-Stokes attacks. More recently, small, portable, internal electronic pacemakers, attached by a venous intracardiac catheter electrode inserted into the right ventricle,<sup>8,9</sup>have
The Relationships between Adverse Events, Early Antecedents, and Carbon Dioxide Reactivity as an Intermediate Phenotype of Panic Disorder
Authors: Anna Ogliari, Kristian Tambs, Jennifer R. Harris, Simona Scaini, Cesare Maffei, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Marco Battaglia
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Although adverse events have been consistently described to precede and potentially precipitate the onset of panic disorder, there is no information about their ability to alter the individual reactivity to inhaled carbon dioxide, a putative intermediate phenotype of susceptibility to panic disorder. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Seven-hundred twelve subjects belonging to the general population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel underwent a 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/65% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; inhalation challenge test and interview-based lifetime assessments of DSM-IV panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, childhood parental separation/loss, major life events, adverse events of suffocative nature and common stressful life events. Regression models were applied to predict global subjective anxiety and DSM-IV panic symptoms after 35% CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/65% O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; inhalation. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The responses to the challenge measured as semicontinuous variables were predicted by symptoms of childhood separation anxiety, childhood parental loss, common stressful events, major life events, suffocative events and the female gender. The role of most of these predictors was confirmed and held true after the exclusion of subjects with lifetime panic attacks/disorder from the analyses. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Several factors which have been reported by previous clinical studies to influence the individual susceptibility to develop panic disorder seem to affect the individual reactivity to inhaled carbon dioxide in people from the general population. Some elements of risk may impact simultaneously upon the individual liability to panic and exaggerated sensitivity to hypercapnia.
White blood count in patients on regular haemodialysis
Authors: M. Papadimitriou, L. R. I. Baker, B. Seitanidis, L. H. Sevitt, A. E. Kulatilake
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Total white cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were compared in patients with chronic renal failure treated successively by conservative means (low-protein diet), regular haemodialysis, and renal allotransplantation. The lowest total white cell and neutrophil counts and the highest lymphocyte counts were found in patients on regular haemodialysis. A rapid fall in neutrophil count during the first half-hour of dialysis and a more gradual fall between the first and sixth hours were observed. Adherence of neutrophils and mononuclear cells to the cuprophane (PT 150) dialysis membrane has been shown.
Principles of Immunohematology
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Immunohematology is such a bull market these days that everyone is trying to explain it to everyone else. These French authors, from the regional blood transfusion center in Lille, have attempted to "condense and compile the principal elements of immunohematology" for an audience consisting of "students, physicians, transfusion technicians and obstetricians." It can't be done, especially by authors whose native language is not English. There is excellent summary material in several areas, notably serum protein alloantigens, technical problems in blood grouping procedures, and bibliographic material emphasizing European literature, but neither the neophyte nor the experienced worker will find the book fully satisfactory. Well over half the text and three quarters of the technical appendix discuss erythrocyte antigens and antibodies, but detailed attention has been bestowed capriciously. The superficial discussions of clinical topics like transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn contrast with compressed but highly sophisticated accounts of antigenic
Luteinising hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Authors: E. Turner, M. C. White
Journal: BMJ (1989)

surgeries and have reported our early findings.2We extended our study to include animals for slaughter.As Drs McCarthy and Zumla refer to the organism being difficult to culture it is appropriate to present our methods, which by using a selective medium make the isolation and recognition of DF-2 organisms comparatively easy.Cotton wool tipped swabs of incisor teeth and gingival margins were placed in Amies char- coal based transport medium for delivery to the laboratory, where they were cultured using brain- heart infusion agar (Difco) containing horse blood 5%, cysteine hydrochloride 0 5 g/l, kanamycin 25 mg/l, and vancomycin 1 mg/l.Plates were incubated in 95% air and 5% carbon dioxide in 95% relative humidity at 37°C and examined after three and five days.Under these conditions DF-2 grew after three days as smooth grey convex, circular colonies about 2-3 mm in diameter.Gram stained smears showed pleomorphic Gram negati-ve bacilli with tapering ends, filamentous organisms being commonly seen.The identity of suspected isolates was confirmed using methods similar to those of Weaver et aP3 with the addition of rapid enzyme tests.In addition to organisms that conformed to previous descriptions of DF-2 others were isolated that fermented glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and usually raffinose and inulin.They are thus similar to the DF-2 like strains reported by Weaver et al.4Altogether 469 swabs were collected from dogs, cats, and other animals; the table shows the results.
Hospital outbreak of trimethoprim resistance in pathogenic coliform bacteria.
Authors: R N Gruneberg, M J Bendall
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In an investigation of outbreak of infection caused by coliform bacilli with plasmid-mediated trimethoprim (TMP) resistance many patients were found to be asymptomatic carriers of TMP-resistant coliform bacilli. Analysis of factors predisposing to rectal carriage of these organisms showed that the most important was previous treatment with co-trimoxazole, a sulphonamide, or ampicillin. The outbreak was controlled by a policy restricting the antibiotics given. Geriatric units are an important source of hospital infection. When an outbreak occurs the logical sequence of steps to be taken is to monitor cases, identify the outbreaks, analyse the causative factors, plan corrective action jointly with laboratory staff, and monitor the outcome.
Suspected asthma mutation leaves mice gasping
Authors: Mitch Leslie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

[Tachdjian et al.][1] establish that an allergy-associated gene variant common in African Americans promotes airway inflammation in mice, pointing the way to possible new approaches for asthma treatment.

![Figure][2] 

Mucus-producing goblet cells (red) proliferate in mice with the Q576R
THE EMINENT DOMAIN OF SANITARY SCIENCE, AND THE USEFULNESS OF STATE BOARDS OF HEALTH IN GUARDING THE PUBLIC WELFARE.
Authors: JAMES E. REEVES
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the American Public Health Association at its annual meeting held at Detroit November 14, 1883.] Mr. President:—I propose a few inquiries into the truth of a proposition which I consider vitally important not only to the State, but to the general interest of every social institution. The proposition to which I allude may, with some convenience, perhaps, be expressed in the following terms: <i>Without obedience to the laws of health, it is impossible to secure the highest culture of the citizen—physical, moral and intellectual—and perpetuate the prosperity, freedom, and glory of the State</i>. Should I succeed in establishing the truth of this proposition, the labor of sanitarians will be more justly appreciated, as well as the immense agency exerted by State Boards of Health amid the restless activity and excitements of the social and political elements of our advancing and complex civilization. The principles of sanitary science are
Diuretic Effect of Steroid Therapy in Obstinate Heart Failure
Authors: J. N. Mickerson, J. Swale
Journal: BMJ (1959)

systemic nature of the childhood infection and its prevalence suggest that it can be acquired spontaneously by routes other than eye-to-eye transmission.However, we lack information about the quantity and route of virus excretion in the child and the precise nature of its transmission.Conclusion Thus I have come to the end of my story of shipyard eye.At present adenovirus type 8 unquestionably causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, and it may well be the sole cause of this disease in its typical form.Thus it is proper henceforth to support the clinical impression of E.K.C. by laboratory evidence of infection with adenovirus type 8-either by virus isolation or by the demonstration of a rise in specific neutralizing antibody titre.The mythical " virus of epidemic kerato- conjunctivitis" or "Sanders virus" of textbooks may be discarded-the poison phial is lost for ever.Finally- in North America and Great Britain at least-the hero of the beginning of the story, the eye physician, is the villain at the end.It is he who spreads the virus among bis patients in shipyard, office, and hospital, and who is responsible for outbreaks of the disease in the Western world.