tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression and developmental regulation of Na+,K+ adenosine triphosphatase in the rat small intestine.
Authors: B V Zemelman, W A Walker, S H Chu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The Na+,K(+)-ATPase ion pump plays a critical role in fluid and electrolyte physiology of the small intestine. Here we show that, of the three known alpha isotypes (alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3) of the sodium pump found in the rat, only alpha 1 is expressed in the small intestine. The expression of this isotype, considered at the level of mRNA, is under developmental control, with the adult intestine exhibiting approximately a threefold increase in alpha 1 message over the neonate. Cortisone treatment of the neonate results in near-adult levels of alpha 1 mRNA expression. An increase in the abundance of alpha 1 isotype parallels the changes in its mRNA expression. beta subunit mRNA is expressed coordinately with the alpha 1 subunit mRNA. A four- to five-fold rise in the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity is also developmentally induced.
P921 NEGATIVE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CIRRHOSIS: IS IT TIME TO IMPLEMENT THE MELD SCORE TO IMPROVE THE TRANSPLANT BENEFIT?
Authors: S. Ginanni Corradini, C. Lucidi, L. Parlati, E. Poli, B. Lattanzi, A. Maffongelli, V. Di Gregorio, A. Farcomeni, M. Merli, O. Riggio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA cause inflammation in the lower respiratory tract.
Authors: D A Schwartz, T J Quinn, P S Thorne, S Sayeed, A K Yi, A M Krieg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Since unmethylated CpG motifs are more frequent in DNA from bacteria than vertebrates, and the unmethylated CpG motif has recently been reported to have stimulatory effects on lymphocytes, we speculated that bacterial DNA may induce inflammation in the lower respiratory tract through its content of unmethylated CpG motifs. To determine the role of bacterial DNA in lower airway inflammation, we intratracheally instilled prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in C3H/HeBFEJ mice and performed whole lung lavage 4 h after the exposure. Heat denatured, single stranded Escherichia coli genomic DNA (0.06 ng endotoxin/microg DNA) was compared to heat denatured, single stranded calf thymus DNA (0.007 endotoxin/microg DNA). 10 microg of bacterial DNA, in comparison to 10 microg of calf thymus DNA, resulted in a fourfold increase in the concentration of cells (P = 0.0002), a fivefold increase in the concentration of neutrophils (P = 0.0002), a 50-fold increase in the concentration of TNF-alpha (P = 0.001), and a fourfold increase in the concentration of both IL-6 (P = 0.0003) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (P = 0.0001) in the lavage fluid. Importantly, instillation of 0.60 ng of E. coli LPS resulted in a negligible inflammatory response. To test whether the stimulatory effects of bacterial DNA are due to its unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, we methylated the bacterial DNA and also prepared 20 base pair oligonucleotides with and without CpG motifs. In comparison to instillation of untreated bacterial DNA, methylation of the bacterial DNA resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of cells and cytokines in the lower respiratory tract. Moreover, oligonucleotides containing embedded unmethylated CpG motifs resulted in inflammation in the lower respiratory tract that was indistinguishable from that observed with untreated bacterial DNA. In contrast, oligonucleotides without the embedded CpG motifs or with embedded but methylated CpG motifs resulted in significantly less inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. The possible relevance of these data to human disease was shown by extracting and analyzing DNA in sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Approximately 0.1 to 1% of this sputum DNA was bacterial. Intratracheal instillation of highly purified CF sputum DNA caused acute inflammation similar to that induced by bacterial DNA. These findings suggest that bacterial DNA, and unmethylated CpG motifs in particular, may play an important pathogenic role in inflammatory lung disease.
Acupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Norbert Victor, Steffen Witte, Konrad Streitberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters16 January 2007Acupuncture and Knee OsteoarthritisNorbert Victor, PhD, Steffen Witte, PhD, and Konrad Streitberger, MDNorbert Victor, PhDFrom University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.Search for more papers by this author, Steffen Witte, PhDFrom University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.Search for more papers by this author, and Konrad Streitberger, MDFrom University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-2-200701160-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE: We thank Dr. Pijak and Dr. Muramatsu for their comments and for discussing different possibilities to explain our results. In our paper, we mentioned the following possible reasons for the observed efficacy of acupuncture: effects of needling, more intensive provider interaction, and differences in expectation (placebo effect in the strict sense). Like Dr. Pijak, we do not assume that the superiority of acupuncture can be ascribed entirely to a placebo effect, but we assume that all 3 reasons contribute to the observed effect. We agree that more intensive TCA schemes and less invasive sham acupuncture schemes exist as ...Reference1. Paterson C, Dieppe P. Characteristic and incidental (placebo) effects in complex interventions such as acupuncture. BMJ. 2005;330:1202-5. [PMID: 15905259] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Norbert Victor, PhD; Steffen Witte, PhD; Konrad Streitberger, MDAffiliations: From University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAcupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis Hanns-Peter Scharf , Ulrich Mansmann , Konrad Streitberger , Steffen Witte , Jürgen Krämer , Christoph Maier , Hans-Joachim Trampisch , and Norbert Victor Acupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis Dieter Wettig Acupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis Michal R. Pijak Acupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis Shin-ichi Muramatsu Metrics Cited byDemystifying acupuncture 16 January 2007Volume 146, Issue 2Page: 148-149KeywordsAcupunctureConflicts of interestHealth careKneesMotivationOsteoarthritisRandomized trialsTricyclic antidepressants ePublished: 16 January 2007 Issue Published: 16 January 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contribution of reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion to the pathogenesis of hepatogenous diabetes: Effect of liver transplantation
Authors: Gianluca Perseghin, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Lucia Piceni Sereni, Enrico Regalia, Stefano Benedini, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Andrea Pulvirenti, Adriana Antonio Silva Leão, Giliola Calori, Raffaele Romito, Dario Baratti, Livio Luzi
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Diabetes mellitus frequently complicates cirrhosis but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. To assess the contribution of reduced insulin action and secretion, 24 cirrhotic-diabetic patients waiting for liver transplant because of an unresectable hepatocarcinoma underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess the β-cell function and an insulin clamp combined with [3- 3 H]glucose infusion to measure whole body glucose metabolism before and 2 years after the transplant. Seven cirrhotic nondiabetic patients, 11 patients with chronic uveitis on similar immunosuppressive therapy, and 7 healthy subjects served as control groups. Cirrhotic patients showed a profound insulin resistance, and diabetics in addition also showed increased endogenous glucose production ( P &lt; .05) and insulin deficiency during the OGTT ( P &lt; .05). Liver transplantation normalized endogenous glucose production and insulin sensitivity but failed to cure diabetes in 8 of the 24 patients because a markedly low insulin response during the OGTT. Age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, immunosuppressive drugs, and pathogenesis of cirrhosis did not predict in whom liver transplant was going to cure diabetes. On the contrary, a reduced secretory response characterized the patients in whom the transplant would not be curative. In summary, insulin resistance was a primary event complicating cirrhosis but additional β-cell secretory defects were crucial for development of diabetes. Liver transplantation, lessening insulin resistance, cured hepatogenous diabetes in 67% of cirrhotic-diabetic patients; nevertheless 33% were still diabetics because the persistence of a reduced β-cell function, which makes these patients eventually eligible for combined islet transplantation.
Safety of retroviral gene marking with a truncated NGF receptor
Authors: C. Bonini, M. Grez, C. Traversari, F. Ciceri, S. Marktel, G. Ferrari, M. Dinauer, M. Sadat, A. Aiuti, S. Deola, M. Radrizzani, A. Hagenbeek, J. Apperley, S. Ebeling, A. Martens, H.J. Kolb, M. Weber, F. Lotti, A. Grande, E. Weissinger, J.A. Bueren, M. Lamana, J.H.F. Falkenburg, M.H.M. Heemskerk, T. Austin, S. Kornblau, F. Marini, C. Benati, Z. Magnani, S. Cazzaniga, S. Toma, C. Gallo-Stampino, M. Introna, S. Slavin, P.D. Greenberg, M. Bregni, F. Mavilio, C. Bordignon
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Excerpts from<i>Physicians for the Twenty-First Century</i>
Authors: STEVEN MULLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Position Papers1 December 1984Excerpts from Physicians for the Twenty-First CenturyReport of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine, Association of American Medical CollegesSTEVEN MULLER, PH.D.STEVEN MULLER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-870 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEach patient expects the physician to respond to the patient's personal concerns and problems on the basis of professional knowledge . . . . To respond to the patient's personal concerns and problems and to prepare for specialized education in medicine requires a general professional education. The Association of American Medical Colleges' Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician and College Preparation for Medicine, concerned with the educational experience that precedes and prepares the physician for specialized education, affirms that all physicians, regardless of specialty, require a common foundation of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes.. . .... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTeaching Awards and Reduced Departmental Longevity: Kiss of Death or Kiss Goodbye. What happens to Excellent Clinical Teachers in a Research Intensive Medical School?Ophthalmology and Specialty Education for Medical StudentsThe GPEP Report: I. Preparation for Medical SchoolJEREMIAH A. BARONDESS, M.D.The Academic Future of General Internal MedicineEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.The Humanities, Science, and the Medical CurriculumEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D. 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 870-872KeywordsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1984 Copyright & Permissions© 1984 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence and Psychodynamic Interpretation of Premorbid Hyperactivity in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: B. van Houdenhove
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The prevalence of premorbid hyperactivity in chronic pain patients and its psychodynamic interpretation are discussed both from the literature and from personal observation. In up to 70% of the cases, chronic pain patients were found to show hyperactivity tendencies throughout their life history. From a psychodynamic point of view, these tendencies may be situated in a context of overcompensated dependency needs, excessive bodily narcissism, phallic rivalry, masochism and perfectionism. The pathogenic implications of these findings and hypotheses are discussed and suggestions have been made for future research.
Proteasome inhibition sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not human hepatocytes, to TRAIL
Authors: Tom M. Ganten, Ronald Koschny, Tobias L. Haas, Jaromir Sykora, Min Li-Weber, Kerstin Herzer, Henning Walczak
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract TRAIL exhibits potent anti-tumor activity on systemic administration in mice. Because of its proven in vivo efficacy, TRAIL may serve as a novel anti-neoplastic drug. However, approximately half of the tumor cell lines tested so far are TRAIL resistant, and potential toxic side effects of certain recombinant forms of TRAIL on human hepatocytes have been described. Pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and PS-341 rendered TRAIL-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines but not primary human hepatocytes sensitive for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We investigated the different levels of possible MG132-induced interference with resistance to apoptotic signal transduction. Although proteasome inhibition efficiently suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity, specific suppression of NF-κB by mutIκBα failed to sensitize TRAIL-resistant cell lines for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In contrast to the previously reported mechanism of sensitization by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP)L and cFLIPS were markedly upregulated in the TRAIL death inducing signaling complex (DISC) by proteasome inhibitor pretreatment. Compared with 5-FU pretreatment, caspase-8 was more efficiently recruited to the DISC in MG132 pretreated cells despite the presence of fewer death receptors and more cFLIP in the DISC. But downregulation of cFLIP by short interference RNA (siRNA) further sensitized the HCC cell lines. In conclusion , these results show that otherwise chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells can be sensitized for TRAIL-induced apoptosis at the DISC level in the presence of high levels of cFLIP, which suggests the existence of an additional factor that modulates the interaction of FADD and the TRAIL death receptors. Of clinical relevance, proteasome inhibitors sensitize HCC cells but not primary human hepatocytes for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (Hepatology 2005.)
The Knife That Saves: Memoirs of a Lahey Clinic Surgeon
Authors: Oglesby Paul
Journal: JAMA (1992)

It is fortunate that people like Dr Herbert Dan Adams write down their recollections. In the narrowest sense, this gives a permanent form to his memories for members of his family in this and future generations to read with pleasure, interest, and pride. In the larger view, it captures for the reading public a valuable glimpse of one man's participation in the world of medicine during the middle third of the twentieth century. And in this instance, the author, who has been retired for over 20 years and is now aged 87, waited for several decades before putting his thoughts on paper in an attractive and well-written presentation.  In The Knife That Saves Dr Adams has really combined three books in one: an autobiography, a memoir of Dr Frank H. Lahey, and a personal account of the Lahey Clinic, especially over the 33-year period 1936 to 1969.  As to the
Abstract 582: Targeting the blood-brain barrier with a non-canonical iron-mimicry mechanism: A translational approach for the detection and treatment of human brain tumors
Authors: Fernanda I. Staquicini, Michael G. Ozawa, Catherine A. Moya, Wouter H.P. Driessen, Elena Magda Barbu, Suren Soghomonyan, Leo G. Flores, Mian M. Alauddin, Juri G. Gelovani, Xiaowen Liang, Magnus Hook, James P. Basilion, Oliver Bogler, Richard L. Sidman, Webster K. Cavenee, Renata Pasqualini, Wadih Arap
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective vascular interface restricting passage of most molecules from blood into brain. Here we used the in vivo phage display technology to isolate peptide-targeted phage particles that can cross the BBB under normal and pathological conditions. We show that a non-canonical association of (i) transferrin, (ii) an iron-mimic ligand motif, and (iii) transferrin receptor mediates binding and transport of phage particles into the normal mouse brain through an allosteric mechanism. We also show that, in an orthotopic human glioma model, a combination of transferrin receptor overexpression plus extended vascular permeability and ligand retention results in remarkable brain tumor targeting. Such unique attributes enable molecular imaging and targeted therapy of intracranial tumors in a clinic-ready setting. Finally, we expand our data by analyzing a large panel of primary CNS tumors through comprehensive tissue microarrays. Together, our approach and results provide a translational avenue for the detection and treatment of brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 582.
CYCLIC AMP AND ALLERGIC HISTAMINE RELEASE. INFLUENCE OF METHYLXANTHINES ON RAT MAST CELLS
Authors: S. NORN, A. GEISLER, P. STAHL SKOV, R. KLYSNER
Journal: Allergy (1977)

Both isobutylmethylxanthine and theophylline increased the level of cyclic AMP in rat mast cells. Theophylline reduced the allergic histamine release, whereas isobutylmethylxanthine caused a pronounced potentiation of the histamine release. This indicates that the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between the level of cyclic AMP in mast cells and histamine release is inadequate.
In-111 Labeled Leukocyte Detection of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MICHELLE KIRSHEN, MARTIN CHARRON, THEODORE F. LOGAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 67-year-old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and recent fever underwent an ln-111 labeled leukocyte scan to find a source of infection. Increased activity was demonstrated in numerous metastatic soft tissue nodules. Although ln-111 labeled leukocyte uptake by tumor has been described, uptake by renal cell carcinoma is extremely rare. Uptake by metastatic renal cell carcinoma without interleukin-2 therapy has not been previously reported.
Abstract 5077: Array CGH genomic profile of hereditary breast cancer tumors: Identification of tumor suppressor genes in deleted regions, determination of promoter hypermethylation and their protein expression in tumor biopsies
Authors: Carolina Alvarez, Teresa Tapia, Valeria Cornejo, Andres Aravena, Wanda Fernandez, Manuel Alvarez, Mauricio Camus, Alejandro Maass, Pilar Carvallo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer, as other cancer types, is a genetic disease caused by sequential accumulation of mutations and genomic alterations involving tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. In this matter, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes may occur by deletion, promoter hypermethylation or point mutations. We analyzed by array-CGH tumor DNA from 52 patients with hereditary breast cancer: 3 BRCA1, 4 BRCA2 and 45 from patients with no identified mutations (BRCAX). Our analysis revealed that BRCA1 mutated tumors have different genomic alterations compared to BRCA2 tumors. BRCAX tumors showed frequent deletions at: 1q21.3 (20%), 1p31.1 and 9q33.1 (18%); and frequent amplifications at 1q23.1 (20%), followed by 1q21.1 and several gains in chromosome 19 (18%). All genes involved in the deleted or amplified regions were compared with gene expression data in the ONCOMINE database finding correspondence among genomic alterations and gene expression. Based on these results, we selected 3 tumor suppressor genes for promoter methylation and protein expression analyses: RASSF1A, SLIT2 and WIF1. Methylation analysis through MS-PCR revealed that RASSF1A promoter was hypermethylated in 67% of hereditary tumors, and significantly associated to loss of expression (p=0.007, OR 9.6, CI 1.77-52.19). WIF1 promoter was hypermethylated in 68% of tumors with a significant association to loss of expression (p=0.042, OR 6.4, CI 1.155-35.45). Finally, SLIT2 was found as the most frequently hypermethylated promoter among tumors (80%) showing loss of expression in 90% of these tumors. Our results indicate that silencing of RASSF1A, SLIT2 and WIF1 through promoter hypermethylation may have an important role in hereditary breast tumor development. Fondecyt 1040779 y 1080595. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5077. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5077
Lesson of the week: Depot corticosteroid treatment for hay fever causing avascular necrosis of both hips
Authors: S M S Nasser
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Consider immunotherapy rather than depot corticosteroid treatment for hay fever 

The prevalence of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) has increased dramatically over the past four decades in the United Kingdom, with a doubling from 10 per 1000 people in the 1970s to 20 per 1000 in the 1980s.1 The British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology has published guidelines on the management of rhinitis that recommend that, when measures for avoiding pollen are insufficient, treatment should be either oral or topical antihistamine, to be taken as required, or topical sodium cromoglycate, to be taken regularly.2 If these treatments are ineffective, intranasal corticosteroids should be taken regularly, with oral or topical antihistamines added if required. If this stepped programme is adhered to the vast majority of patients will respond, but if patients fail to respond systemic corticosteroids may be used.

Over the last few decades the practice of treating severe symptoms with depot corticosteroids has become common, mainly because the duration of treatment of 4–6 weeks is often sufficient to cover the whole season. If the season is exceptionally severe or the patient experiences prolonged symptoms as a result of multiple allergies (for example, a combination of tree and grass pollen allergy), more than one depot corticosteroid injection may be required. Oral corticosteroids are less commonly used, perhaps because of the inconvenience of taking daily medication for 6–8 weeks every year.

The United Kingdom is unusual in the developed world in that it has minimal provision of allergy services, hence only small numbers of patients with severe seasonal allergic rhinitis have access to immunotherapy despite the growing evidence for the efficacy of this treatment. 3 4 We report a case of a man who developed avascular necrosis of both hip joints after depot corticosteroids were used to treat his …