tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rolipram, but not siguazodan or zaprinast, inhibits the excitatory noncholinergic neurotransmission in guinea-pig bronchi
Authors: Y Qian, V Girard, CA Martin, M Molimard, C Advenier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Theophylline has been reported to inhibit excitatory noncholinergic but not cholinergic-neurotransmission in guinea-pig bronchi. As theophylline might exert this effect through an inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE), and since many types of PDE have now been described, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three specific inhibitors of PDE on the electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the guinea-pig isolated main bronchus in vitro. The drugs used were siguazodan, rolipram and zaprinast, which specifically inhibit PDE types, III, IV and V, respectively. Guinea-pig bronchi were stimulated transmurally with biphasic pulses (16 Hz, 1 ms, 320 mA for 10 s) in the presence of indomethacin 10(-6) M and propranolol 10(-6) M. Two successive contractile responses were observed: a rapid cholinergic contraction, followed by a long-lasting contraction due to a local release of neuropeptides from C-fibre endings. Rolipram (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) but not siguazodan or zaprinast, inhibited the peptidergic contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, the cholinergic response was unaffected. Contractile responses induced by exogenous acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-3) M) or [Nle10]NKA(4-10) (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) were also unaffected by rolipram, siguazodan and zaprinast (10(-7) M). These results demonstrate that concentrations of rolipram, similar to those which inhibit PDE, reduce the release of sensory neuropeptides from C-fibre endings, and suggest that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) PDE type IV is specifically involved in this effect, as in other anti-inflammatory effects.
Birth Weight and Subsequent Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Rachel Huxley, Christopher G. Owen, Peter H. Whincup, Derek G. Cook, Sam Colman, Rory Collins
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Inverse associations between birth weight and subsequent blood cholesterol levels have been used to support the "fetal origins" hypothesis of the relevance of fetal nutrition to adult disease.To perform a systematic review of the association between birth weight and total blood cholesterol levels, and to explore the impact of including unpublished results, adjusting for potential confounders.Relevant studies published by September 30, 2004, were identified through literature searches using EMBASE and MEDLINE and MeSH heading search strategy (using terms such as birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, fetal growth retardation and cholesterol, lipoprotein, lipid). Studies that reported qualitative or quantitative estimates of the association between birth weight and total blood cholesterol, or had recorded both measures but not reported on their associations, were included.A total of 79 relevant studies involving a total of 74,122 individuals were identified; 65 had reported on the direction of the association between birth weight and total blood cholesterol. Although regression coefficients were published for only 11 studies and other quantitative estimates for 3 other studies, regression coefficients (published or unpublished) were obtained for 58 studies among 68,974 individuals.Inverse associations were observed in 11 of 14 studies that had previously published quantitative estimates but in only 18 of the remaining 51 that had reported on the direction of this association (heterogeneity P = .004). Similarly, the weighted estimate for the 11 studies was -1.89 mg/dL (-0.049 mmol/L) total cholesterol per kilogram birth weight compared with -0.69 mg/dL (-0.018 mmol/L) per kilogram for 47 studies that provided unpublished regression coefficients (heterogeneity P = .009). Overall, the weighted estimate from the 58 contributing studies was -1.39 mg/dL (-0.036 mmol/L) per kilogram (95% confidence interval, -1.81 to -0.97 mg/dL [-0.047 to -0.025 mmol/L]), but there was significant heterogeneity between their separate results (P<.001). Part of this heterogeneity appears to reflect stronger associations reported from smaller studies and studies of cholesterol levels in infants.These findings suggest that impaired fetal growth does not have effects on blood cholesterol levels that would have a material impact on vascular disease risk.
"To Biopsy..." Revisited
Authors: Donald M. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a practicing pathologist in a community hospital, I have daily responsibility for interpreting several specimens. In no way are decisions concerning this material avoided; on the contrary, there is constant striving to<i>always</i>make the correct diagnosis. It is indeed the wise man and skillful pathologist" who knows he doesn't know!" My point in "To Biopsy" (<b>214</b>: 1888, 1970) was not to delay diagnosis in any situation, especially in Hodgkin's disease, as pointed out by Saltzstein (<b>215</b>:984, 1971), rather only to make the<i>right</i>one! In those circumstances in which there is clear evidence of vaccination, of drug ingestion, or of hematologic and serologic infectious mononucleosis and manifest lymphadenopathy, I would avoid immediate, unnecessary biopsy which may invite confusion in histologic interpretation.
A Randomized Comparison of Off-Pump and On-Pump Multivessel Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Natasha E. Khan, Anthony De Souza, Rebecca Mister, Marcus Flather, Jonathan Clague, Simon Davies, Peter Collins, Duolao Wang, Ulrich Sigwart, John Pepper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The effect of the use of coronary-artery bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest ("off pump") on graft patency remains uncertain. We undertook a prospective, randomized, controlled study to compare graft-patency rates and clinical outcomes in off-pump surgery with conventional, "on-pump" surgery.We randomly assigned 50 patients to undergo on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting and 54 to undergo off-pump surgery. Surgical and anesthetic techniques were standardized for both groups. Clinical outcomes and troponin T levels were measured. Three months later, the patients underwent coronary angiography, including quantitative analysis.The mean age of the patients was 63 years, and 87 percent were men. The on-pump group received a mean of 3.4 grafts, and the off-pump group 3.1 (P=0.41). There were no deaths. There was no significant difference in the median postoperative length of stay between the two groups (seven days in each group). The area under the curve of troponin T levels was higher during the first 72 hours in the on-pump group than in the off-pump group (30.96 hr x microg per liter vs. 19.33 hr x microg per liter, P=0.02). At three months, 127 of 130 grafts were patent in the on-pump group (98 percent), as compared with 114 of 130 in the off-pump group (88 percent, P=0.002). The patency rate was higher for all graft territories in the on-pump group than in the off-pump group.In this randomized study, off-pump coronary surgery was as safe as on-pump surgery and caused less myocardial damage. However, the graft-patency rate was lower at three months in the off-pump group than in the on-pump group, and this difference has implications with respect to the long-term outcome.
On the Tendon-Reactions
Authors: A. de Watteville
Journal: BMJ (1886)

June 19, 18W myself included, have arrived; but, more recently, Professor Bostrom, of Giessen, reportsl that he has succeeded in making artificial cultiva- tions on solidified blood-serum, Agar-Agar, and gelatine, that the growths come to maturity in five or six days, and present the typical
Scotland considers no fault compensation for medical injuries
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patients in Scotland who are injured in the course of medical treatment could be entitled to swift no fault compensation in future, under plans the Scottish government is considering.1

The proposals, which are open for consultation until November 23, follow recommendations by an expert group chaired by Sheila McLean, emeritus professor of law and ethics in medicine at Glasgow University.2

Scottish ministers asked the group to consider whether a no fault scheme should be introduced and whether it could exist alongside existing clinical negligence arrangements for compensation through the courts.

The group, which reported in February …
RELATIVE TREATMENT EFFECTS AFTER UNRESTRICTED USE OF EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING AND SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS; A MULTICENTER, PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Duk-Woo Park, Young-Hak Kim, Woo Seok Lee, Chang Hee Kwon, Yong Kyu Park, Jung-Min Ahn, Hae-Geun Song, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Application of gene expression profiling to cardiovascular disease
Authors: P Henriksen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

The number of cardiovascular publications featuring gene expression profiling technologies is growing rapidly. This article introduces four profiling techniques; serial analysis of gene expression, differential display, subtractive hybridisation and DNA microarrays. Illustrations of their application towards cardiovascular research are given and their potential for gene discovery and improving our understanding of gene function is discussed.
The Gay World: Male Homosexuality and the Social Creation of Evil
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

If Hugh Hefner has not accepted this book for serialization in<i>Playboy</i>, he should look into the possibility. The publisher, in fact, may have had<i>Playboy</i>in mind when he placed at the top of each page a paired male ideogram ([unk]). Ideogrammatic humor is a staple of the Hefner journal. This should not be construed as criticism of either<i>Playboy</i>or the book. The former, on occasion, publishes first-rate journalism, and as journalism the book cannot be faulted. Its description of the "gay world" of San Francisco homosexuals is extraordinarily readable. The vignettes of "Tom" and "Paul" and "Kenny" are fascinating. The language is discreetly racy. No expertise is required to comprehend the speculations about etiology. And the moral (every man to his cup of tea) could have been lifted bodily from Hefner's "<i>Playboy</i>Philosophy." It is not clear, however, that the book was intended as journalism. A large
A case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease requiring debridement of necrotic skin and epidermal autograft
Authors: K. Yanaba, M. Ito, H. Sasaki, M. Inoue, Y. Nobeyama, H. Yonemoto, T. Ishiji, H. Tanaka, R. Kamide, M. Niimura
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article A case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha–Habermann disease requiring debridement of necrotic skin and epidermal autograft Get access K. Yanaba, K. Yanaba Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Koichi Yanaba, MD. E‐mail: yanaba@rf6.so‐net.ne.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ito, M. Ito Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Sasaki, H. Sasaki Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Inoue, M. Inoue Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Nobeyama, Y. Nobeyama Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Yonemoto, H. Yonemoto Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ishiji, T. Ishiji Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Tanaka, H. Tanaka Department of Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Kamide, R. Kamide Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Niimura M. Niimura Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 25‐8, Nishishimbashi 3‐chome, Minato‐ku, Tokyo 105‐8461, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 6, 1 December 2002, Pages 1249–1253, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05039.x Published: 01 December 2002 Article history Accepted: 10 June 2002 Published: 01 December 2002
Attending the Diabetes Center Is Associated With Increased 5-Year Survival Probability of Diabetic Patients: The Verona Diabetes Study
Authors: Giuseppe Verlato, Michele Muggeo, Enzo Bonora, Maurizio Corbellini, Franco Bressan, Roberto De Marco
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to compare the survival of patients attending diabetes centers with that of patients exclusively consulting family physicians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was carried out in the frame of the Verona Diabetes Study, a population-based survey of known diabetes prevalence with a subsequent 5-year mortality follow-up. A cohort of 7,488 diabetic patients were identified on 31 December 1986 from three diﬀerent sources: a drug consumption database, family physicians, and diabetes centers (one for children and one for adults). As of 31 December 1986, 3,288 patients in the entire cohort exclusively consulted their own family physicians, while 4,200 patients also had periodic examinations at the diabetes centers. The life status of the diabetic cohort was ascertained on 31 December 1991. RESULTS Compared with the nondiabetic population, diabetic patients seen only by family physicians had a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.62 (95% CI 1.51–1.74), while patients attending both family physicians and diabetes centers showed an SMR of 1.44 (1.34–1.54), the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.017). The 5-year survival probability, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 0.76 (0.75–0.78) in patients seen only by family physicians and 0.81 (0.80–0.82) in patients attending the diabetes centers. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression model showed that attending the diabetes centers was an independent predictor of survival even after adjusting for sex, age, and therapy of diabetes. The relative risk of 5-year all-cause mortality amounted to 0.83 (0.75–0.92) in patients also attending the diabetes centers with respect to patients consulting only family physicians (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data on patients' survival indicate that diabetes centers play a crucial role in diabetes care. As a corollary, an integration between primary-care physicians and diabetes centers is strongly recommended.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) affecting the esophagus, stomach, and liver
Authors: Lang Yang, Peng Jin, Jian-qiu Sheng
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 60-year-old man, with occasional acid reflux, was found on computed tomography (CT) to have multiple masses in his esophagus ([Fig. 1 a]), stomach ([Fig. 1 d]), and liver. He had a history of partial hepatectomy for inflammatory liver pseudotumor on two occasions, 22 and 9 years earlier. Physical examination revealed no superficial lymph node. Blood test showed that hemoglobin was 105 g/L, and the tumor biomarkers CEA, AFP and CA199 were normal. Gastroscopy revealed a hard, fixed mass in the lower esophagus covered with normal appearing mucosa ([Fig. 1 b]), and a giant stomach ulcer with a clean and hard base ([Fig. 1 e]). Histological examination showed abundant lymphocytes, plasma cell infiltration, and fibrosis in biopsies from the esophagus ([Fig. 1 c]), and stomach ([Fig. 1 f]). The number of IgG4 positive cells was greater than 50 per high-power field (hpf) ([Fig. 2 a, b]), and the ratio of IgG4-positive to IgG-positive cells was greater than 30 % in both specimens. Meanwhile, similar results were found in the inflammatory liver pseudotumor excised 9 years earlier ([Fig. 2 c, d]). Moreover, the concentration of serum IgG4 was 1590 mg/L (normal range: 80 – 1400 mg/L). Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD). After a 3-month period of steroid therapy and anti-ulcer treatment, fresh epithelial tissue had regenerated in the margin of the stomach ulcer and the stomach wall had become softer ([Fig. 3 b]). Neither regression nor progression of the mass in the esophagus were observed by endoscopy ([Fig. 3 a]), or CT scanning.
Papillary Muscle Perfusion Pattern
Authors: Paolo Voci, Federico Bilotta, Quintilio Caretta, Corrado Mercanti, Benedetto Marino
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The pathogenesis of posterior papillary muscle dysfunction is poorly understood. We hypothesized that papillary muscle perfusion pattern may explain the higher prevalence of posterior papillary muscle dysfunction after myocardial infarction.Twenty patients were monitored by transesophageal echocardiography during coronary surgery. Superselective coronary graft injections of 0.2 to 0.5 mL of sonicated albumin microbubbles were performed to assess graft patency and papillary muscle perfusion. Thirty-five graft injections were analyzed: 13 in the right coronary artery, 15 in an obtuse marginal branch, 1 in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and 6 in the first diagonal branch. The posterior papillary muscle was opacified in 16 patients, 11 from the right coronary artery and 5 from one obtuse marginal branch. In 10 of 16 patients (63%), the papillary muscle was perfused by one vessel, while in 6 of 16 (37%), it was perfused by two vessels. The anterior papillary muscle was opacified in 14 patients. Ten patients (71%) had double-vessel and 4 (29%) had single-vessel supply. In the subgroup of 10 patients with old inferior myocardial infarction, mitral regurgitation was present only among those 6 with single rather than double blood supply (P < .05).Myocardial infarction may cause papillary muscle dysfunction when the blood supply is provided by one rather than two vessels, as is more frequently the case with the posterior rather than the anterior papillary muscle.
Reaction of anti-OJ autoantibodies with components of the multi-enzyme complex of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in addition to isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.
Authors: I N Targoff, E P Trieu, F W Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Autoantibodies to five aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been reported, and all have been associated with a syndrome of myositis and interstitial lung disease. Four of these synthetases exist free in the cytoplasm, but the fifth, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (recognized by anti-OJ autoantibodies), is a component of the multi-enzyme complex containing at least seven synthetases. In an effort to better understand the origins of these antibodies, we examined sera from 11 patients with anti-OJ autoantibodies for evidence of reaction with other components of the complex. All sera showed a characteristic pattern of 10 proteins bands by immunoprecipitation from HeLa cell extract. 10 of 11 sera significantly inhibited isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme activity. Serum and IgG from four patients also inhibited leucyl-tRNA synthetase activity, and serum and IgG from two inhibited lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Immunoblotting experiments supported reaction of the two sera with lysyl-tRNA synthetase, and revealed additional reactivity of three sera with a 160-kD component believed to be glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. Despite reaction of some sera with additional synthetases, the immunoprecipitated tRNA appeared the same with all sera, and functioned as tRNA(ile). While reaction with more than one synthetase was seen with some anti-OJ sera, all synthetases targeted by anti-OJ sera were components of the complex, rather than unassociated synthetases. These findings suggest that an initial autoantibody response against isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase was followed by extension to involve other components of the synthetase complex. These observations may have implications for understanding the generation of antisynthetase autoantibodies.
Cellular lipid accumulation in different regions of myocardial infarcts in cats during beta adrenergic blockade with timolol
Authors: K. GRONG, H. JODALEN, L. STANGELAND, H. VIK-MO, J. LEKVEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Journal Article Cellular lipid accumulation in different regions of myocardial infarcts in cats during beta adrenergic blockade with timolol Get access KETIL GRONG, KETIL GRONG **From the Departments of Surgery, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HARALD JODALEN, HARALD JODALEN †From the Departments of Anatomy, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LODVE STANGELAND, LODVE STANGELAND **From the Departments of Surgery, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HARALD VIK-MO, HARALD VIK-MO ‡From the Departments of Clinical Physiology, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JON LEKVEN JON LEKVEN **From the Departments of Surgery, University of Bergen, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 20, Issue 4, April 1986, Pages 248–255, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/20.4.248 Published: 01 April 1986
New Look, New Features, New Connections
Authors: Charlene Breedlove
Journal: JAMA (1986)

"Only connect," E. M. Forster advised his readers.The Journalis about to follow his suggestion in four new ways, starting with its format and design and continuing with new ways of looking at the various aspects of medicine. We begin by improving our connection to our readers with a revised design. This format is intended to giveThe Journalan uncluttered look and bring stylistic consistency to all sections. The new design is practical as well as attractive: it makesThe Journal's many kinds of articles easier to find and easier to read. Along with this streamlined design, we begin three new features in this issue. OSLERIANA,<i>JAMA</i>100 YEARS AGO, and THE EXCHANGE, different as they are, will each be a way to make connections—between the science of medicine and the humanities, between contemporary research and the history of medicine, and betweenThe Journaland the future