tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
After the Boards
Authors: Manuel Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low Isoniazid Concentrations and Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment with Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine
Authors: Marc Weiner, William Burman, Andrew Vernon, Debra Benator, Charles A. Peloquin, Awal Khan, Stephen Weis, Barbara King, Nina Shah, Thomas Hodge
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONTRIBUTORSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Lung Cancer in Chinese Women: Evidence for an Interaction between Tobacco Smoking and Exposure to Inhalants in the Indoor Environment
Authors: Li Tang, Wei-Yen Lim, Philip Eng, Swan Swan Leong, Tow Keang Lim, Alan W.K. Ng, Augustine Tee, Adeline Seow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Epidemiologic data suggest that Chinese women have a high incidence of lung cancer in relation to their smoking prevalence. In addition to active tobacco smoke exposure, other sources of fumes and airborne particles in the indoor environment, such as cooking and burning of incense and mosquito coils, have been considered potential risk factors for lung cancer.We used a case-control study to explore effects of inhalants from combustion sources common in the domestic environment on lung cancer and their modification by active tobacco smoking.We analyzed 703 primary lung cancer cases and 1,578 controls. Data on demographic background and relevant exposures were obtained by face-to-face interviews in the hospital.We observed a positive relationship with daily exposure to incense or mosquito coils and to cooking fumes only among smokers, and no association among lifetime nonsmokers. Interactions between smoking and frequency of cooking, or exposure to incense or mosquito coils were statistically significant and consistent with synergistic effects on lung cancer. The odds ratio (OR) comparing smokers without daily incense or mosquito coil exposure with nonsmokers without daily exposure was 2.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.86-4.21], whereas the OR comparing smokers with daily exposure to the same referent group was 4.61 (95% CI, 3.41-6.24). In contrast, daily exposure to incense or mosquito coils was not associated with lung cancer among nonsmokers (OR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.72-1.16). We observed the same pattern of associations for smokers without (OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.52-3.51) and with (OR = 4.50; 95% CI, 3.21-6.30) daily cooking exposure compared with nonsmokers, with no evidence of an association with daily cooking exposure among nonsmokers.Our results suggest that active tobacco smoking not only is an important risk factor for development of lung cancer, but also may cause smokers to be more susceptible to the risk-enhancing effects of other inhalants.
Coarctation of Aorta Complicated by Bacterial Endocarditis and an Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: FRANK GLENN, HAROLD J. STEWART, MARY A. ENGLE, DANIEL S. LUKAS, JOSEPH ARTUSIO, ISRAEL S. STEINBERG, GEORGE R. HOLSWADE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The patient for today 's discussion presented sonme particularly interesting and challenging problems when she was first seen at The New York Hospital in November 1954.I am going to ask our panel to review with you the ideas and con- siderations that confronted us in the diagnosis and management of this patient's heart dis- ease.Dr. Engle, will you please give us the history ?DR.MARY A. ENGLE: The patient, a 27- year-old married woman, was admitted for evaluation of coarctation of the aorta.From her and from the physicians who took care of her from infancy we obtained the following information.She was born 1 month prema- turely.Because she failed to thrive, she was taken to a pediatrician at the age of 51/2 months.He discovered a loud systolic mur- mur all over the precordium and in the lung fields.The aortic and pulmonic second sounds were distinct, and there was iio precordial bulge.Fluoroscopy disclosed enlargement of the left ventricle.These findings remained unchanged throughout infanuv and childhood and she was considered to have a ventricular septal defect.Failure to thrive was most marked during the first year.After the age of 2, however, From the Cardiovascular Conference Group made up of members from the various departments of the New
Diagnostic Accuracy of Laxative-Free Computed Tomographic Colonography for Detection of Adenomatous Polyps in Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Michael E. Zalis, Michael A. Blake, Wenli Cai, Peter F. Hahn, Elkan F. Halpern, Imrana G. Kazam, Myles Keroack, Cordula Magee, Janne J. Näppi, Rocio Perez-Johnston, John R. Saltzman, Abhinav Vij, Judy Yee, Hiroyuki Yoshida
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Colon screening by optical colonoscopy (OC) or computed tomographic colonography (CTC) requires a laxative bowel preparation, which inhibits screening participation. Objective: To assess the performance of detecting adenomas 6 mm or larger and patient experience of laxative-free, computer-aided CTC. Design: Prospective test comparison of laxative-free CTC and OC. The CTC included electronic cleansing and computer-aided detection. Optical colonoscopy examinations were initially blinded to CTC results, which were subsequently revealed during colonoscope withdrawal; this method permitted reexamination to resolve discrepant findings. Unblinded OC served as a reference standard. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT01200303) Setting: Multicenter ambulatory imaging and endoscopy centers. Participants: 605 adults aged 50 to 85 years at average to moderate risk for colon cancer. Measurements: Per-patient sensitivity and specificity of CTC and first-pass OC for detecting adenomas at thresholds of 10 mm or greater, 8 mm or greater, and 6 mm or greater; per-lesion sensitivity and survey data describing patient experience with preparations and examinations. Results: For adenomas 10 mm or larger, per-patient sensitivity of CTC was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.99) and specificity was 0.85 (CI, 0.82 to 0.88); sensitivity of OC was 0.95 (CI, 0.77 to 1.00) and specificity was 0.89 (CI, 0.86 to 0.91). Sensitivity of CTC was 0.70 (CI, 0.53 to 0.83) for adenomas 8 mm or larger and 0.59 (CI, 0.47 to 0.70) for those 6 mm or larger; sensitivity of OC for adenomas 8 mm or larger was 0.88 (CI, 0.73 to 0.96) and 0.76 (CI, 0.64 to 0.85) for those 6 mm or larger. The specificity of OC at the threshold of 8 mm or larger was 0.91 and at 6 mm or larger was 0.94. Specificity for OC was greater than that for CTC, which was 0.86 at the threshold of 8 mm or larger and 0.88 at 6 mm or larger (P = 0.02). Reported participant experience for comfort and difficulty of examination preparation was better with CTC than OC. Limitations: There were 3 CTC readers. The survey instrument was not independently validated. Conclusion: Computed tomographic colonography was accurate in detecting adenomas 10 mm or larger but less so for smaller lesions. Patient experience was better with laxative-free CTC. These results suggest a possible role for laxative-free CTC as an alternate screening method. Primary Funding Source: GE Healthcare and the American Cancer Society.
A 90 year old man with difficulty swallowing and proximal muscle weakness
Authors: H. U. Rehman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 90 year old man presented with progressive dysphagia, generalised weakness, and malaise. He had lost 30 lb (13.6 kg) in the past six months, and his mobility had deteriorated because of progressive leg weakness. He had no visual or constitutional symptoms apart from weight loss and denied any bladder or bowel problems. He had a 25 pack year history of smoking and did not drink alcohol.

Examination showed signs consistent with bilateral pneumonia. His speech was dysphonic, the gag reflex was absent, but other cranial nerves were intact. He had wasting and weakness of the small muscles of the hands and weakness of the proximal muscles of the lower limbs. Reflexes were absent in the lower limbs. Strength in the remaining muscle groups—including ankle dorsiflexion, planter flexion, knee extension, and flexion—was normal. Proximal muscle groups in the upper extremity were strong, although reflexes were reduced bilaterally. No fasciculations were seen and he had no evidence of fatigable ptosis. Sensory examination was normal. Examination of the cardiovascular and abdominal systems was unremarkable.

Investigations showed a white blood cell count of 5.9×109 cells/L (reference range 4.0-10.0), haemoglobin 117 g/L (140-180), platelets 332×109 (320-360), random glucose 10.8 mmol/L (3.6-11), urea 25.3 mmol/L (3.0-7.1), creatinine …
Transnasal puncture based on echographic sinusitis evidence in mechanically ventilated patients with suspicion of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Frédéric Vargas, Hoang Nam Bui, Alexandre Boyer, Cécile Marie Bébear, Stéphane Lacher-Fougére, Bertillle Marie De-Barbeyrac, Louis Rachid Salmi, Louis Traissac, Georges Gbikpi-Benissan, Didier Gruson, Gilles Hilbert
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Clinical pharmacology. Possible clinical importance of genetic differences in drug metabolism.
Authors: D W Nebert
Journal: BMJ (1981)

TABLE-Arbitrary classification of human pharmacogenetic differences*Disorders with increased sensitivity to drugs (decreased detoxication due to less enzyme) Acatalasia (acatalasaemia) Pulmonary emphysema, liver diseases, associated with the Z allele of a,-antitrypsin Succinylcholine apnea Bishydroxycoumarin sensitivity Isoniazid or sulfamethazine "slow acetylator" Peripheral neuropathy induced bv isoniazid Lupoid hepatitis induced by hydralazine, procainamide, phenelzine ( ?) Idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus Crigler-Najjar syndrome Phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) toxicity Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase deficiency Differences resulting from increased resistance to drugs Possibility of (or proved) defective receptor Inability to taste phenylthiourea or phenylthiocarbamide Coumarin resistance Androgen resistance Diabetes mellitus Leprechaunism (insulin receptor) Familial hypercholesterolaemia (LDL receptor) Cystic fibrosis ([ ?] x-adrenergic, 3-adrenergic, and
Abdominal Swelling in a Teenaged Girl
Authors: Olubukola Olusade Okafor, Jennifer Erin Crotty
Journal: JAMA (2013)

A 16-year-old girl presents to the local health department with 3months of abdominal pain and swelling that increase in intensity after meals, with early satiety and bloating. She also has had a recent increase in urinary frequency, with a need to get up once at night. She denies polydipsia, dysuria, or flank pain. She continues to have a healthy diet and soft stools twice daily. She has gained 4.5 kg in the previous 4 months without trying to do so; she does not mind the weight gain but is concerned that it is all around her abdomen
AIDS — Past and Future
Authors: George Watt, Thierry Burnouf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers, Type 2 Diabetes, and RenoprotectionTo the Editor: I am surprised that the target systolic blood pressures in three studies of the renoprotective effects of angiotensin-receptor blockers in patients with type 2 diabetes (Sept.20 issue) 1-3 exceeded the threshold of less than 130 mm Hg recommended in the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-VI). 4 After treatment, the mean systolic blood pressure for all treatment groups in each study was 140 mm Hg or higher.What kind of example is this for practicing physicians who treat hypertensive patients with diabetes?If one strictly adheres to the principle that one should not extrapolate from studies to populations that are not represented in those studies, then one cannot say with complete assurance that the findings of the three studies apply to patients with diabetes whose systolic blood pressure is lower than 130 mm Hg.It is possible, albeit unlikely, that various blood-pressure-lowering agents would affect renal function in hypertensive patients with diabetes differently when the JNC-VI blood-pressure goals were achieved.
Vitamin B12 Excretion in Patients with Various Skin Diseases
Authors: J. Marks, S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The excretion in the urine of (58)Co after an oral dose of (58)Co vitamin B(12) given together with intrinsic factor has been found to be reduced in a number of patients with psoriasis, eczema, and other less common dermatoses. There is a correlation between the abnormality and the extent of the rash. A reduced glomerular filtration rate was found in a few of the patients in whom it was measured, and this must have been responsible, at least in part, for the reduced excretion of vitamin B(12) in these patients, but abnormal vitamin B(12) excretion also occurred in the absence of impaired renal function. Our evidence is insufficient to show whether malabsorption or increased tissue utilization of vitamin B(12) was the explanation in other cases. Certainly a number of patients had steatorrhoea, and in these it is most likely that malabsorption was the major factor. In patients without steatorrhoea a lone malabsorption of vitamin B(12) cannot be excluded. A decreased serum concentration of vitamin B(12) was found in only one of the patients.
Interventions to treat shoulder pain
Authors: B. Szebenyi, P. Dieppe, A. Bamji, R. Buchbinder, S. Green, A. Forbes, R. Glazier
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Data support extended use of levonorgestrel intrauterine systemsEditor-The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena), a useful addition to contraceptive choice, is now approaching its third anniversary.In the United Kingdom the product licence for the levonorgestrel intrauterine system permits its use for three years.In all other countries where the system is marketed, however, its use is approved for five years.There is good evidence to support this longer duration, 1 and indeed the system seems to remain effective for as long as seven years. 2 We understand that Schering Healthcare has applied for a two year extension to its current licence, backed by their new data that relates to the new polymer that has been used since 1990.Many clinicians have asked us if they should conform strictly to the current product licence and replace each intrauterine system on the third anniversary of its insertion.We would strongly advise delaying reinsertion in this time, at least until the expected statement from the Medicines Control Agency.It is well known that the process of insertion of all intrauterine contraceptives causes problems (short term inconvenience and discomfort followed by new bleeding and pain or expulsion) and also real risks, 3 4 notably perforation and upper genital tract infection.These would be unacceptable if it emerges that reinsertions were not necessary.Users of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system can be reassured that good data are available to support its use for five years.From 15 May, and until any statement concerning a change in the licence, continuation beyond three years is legitimate, at the woman's choice, provided the established criteria for use by named patients are observed-that is, explaining that this is unlicensed use of a licensed product; highlighting the risks and benefits of the proposed non-intervention; obtaining and recording the woman's verbal consent in her case notes; and keeping a separate record of the woman's name and the nature of the unlicensed use.
Case of Non-Malignant Fibrous Tumor of the Superior Maxilla: Removed by Excision
Authors: C. Lingen
Journal: BMJ (1841)

GIles.-e-These are not necessarily augmented; generally speaking, they retain their normal stand- ard; in rarecases are increasd;in otbers di- minished.As the inflammation advances the globules may fall, but thi is the effect of blood- letting and abstinence.We have already seen that plethoric persons are not more disposed than others to inflammation.
Letter from Dr. W. H. Daly, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Authors: W. H. Daly
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Replying to a letter on page 647, May 2, 1891, ofThe Journalof the Association, permit me to say, that at the last meeting of the Association in Nashville, I was invited to open the discussion on the medical treatment of diphtheria. The time limit is<i>ten</i>minutes; I occupied but six, as can be verified by reading my remarks inThe Journalof October II, 1890. Now it is scarcely possible for one to be exhaustive on that subject, in so short a time. Much must be omitted, and I omitted much. Yet there was probably not a person who did me the honor to listen to me at the meeting, nor one who read my remarks inThe Journalof the Association, with the possible exception of Dr. Kornig, who did not fully know and understand that I had already in the paper to
Abstract 305: Frequent PIK3R1 somatic mutations promote oncogenic signaling
Authors: Bijay S. Jaiswal, Vasantharajan Janakiraman, Subhra Chaudhuri, Howard M. Stern, Noelyn M. Kljavin, Weiru Wang, Zhengyan Kan, Krista Bowman, Jiansheng Wu, Joshua Kaminker, Peng Yue, Frederic J. de Sauvage, Jonathan Backer, Somasekar Seshagiri
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We performed a systematic analysis of human fresh frozen tumors for somatic mutations in the RAS-effector pathways and have identified frequent mutations (&amp;gt;8%) in PIK3R1 (p85α) regulatory subunit of PI3K (p110) enzyme complex. Mutations in other members of the PI3K regulatory subunits, along with mutations in additional components of the pathway were also identified in this study. An integrated analysis of somatic mutations and genomic copy number variations identified by comparative genome hybridization revealed distinct mutation patterns across tumor types. In order to understand the functional consequence of p85α mutations, we generated mutant p85α constructs and tested them for activity in biochemical and cellular assays. In this studies, we found that all the mutants that contain an intact p110-binding domain were able to interact with p110α, p110β and p110δ. Also, all these mutants stabilized expression of p110 class IA members when tested in pan-p85 null fibroblasts, indicating that the p110-stabilizing activity of p85 mutants was still intact. However, in un-stimulated cells, some of the p85α mutants were not as effective as wild-type p85α in inhibiting the activity of p110. Furthermore, these p85α somatic mutants activated AKT signaling leading to cell survival. Additionally, cells expressing the p85α mutants when transplanted in vivo promote a leukemia-like disease leading to decreased overall survival of the mice compared to wild-type p85α. These data demonstrate an alternate mechanism for activation of class IA PI3Ks in tumors through somatic mutations in p85α that abrogates its p110 regulatory activity while maintaining its p110-stabilizing activity. The frequent occurrence of p85α mutations and its ability to promote survival signaling suggest that tumors with such mutations are likely candidates for inhibitors that target the components of the PI3K pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 305.
Improving Health With Partnerships Between Academia and Industry
Authors: Susan Desmond-Hellmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Value of Precipitin Tests for Bence-Jones Protein in Early Diagnosis
Authors: Fred C. Collier, Alfred Reich, John W. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE need for a specific quantitative test for Bence-Jones protein has long existed. Most commonly employed are nonspecific chemical procedures, of which the electrophoretic is the most delicate. Even this technic, however, requires protein concentration in excess of 1 per cent for positive results. Therefore, chemical demonstrations of Bence-Jones protein in the urine or serum are a relatively rare event in the average hospital laboratory. Customarily thought of as occurring in about 65 per cent of cases of multiple myeloma and rarely in other conditions, the excretion of this protein is actually not as uncommon as it is generally considered . . .
A SURVEY OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF LEPROSY WORK (1917–31), WITH AN APPRECIATION OF THE PRESENT POSITION.*
Authors: R. G. Cochrane
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article A SURVEY OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF LEPROSY WORK (1917–31), WITH AN APPRECIATION OF THE PRESENT POSITION. Get access R. G. Cochrane, M.D., M.R.C.P. R. G. Cochrane, M.D., M.R.C.P. Secretary, British Empire Leprosy Relief Association; Hon. Secretary, International Leprosy Association Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 3, 1 March 1932, Pages 132–140, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09581.x Published: 01 March 1932