tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Sestamibi Thyroid Imaging in Patients on Chronic Amiodarone Treatment
Authors: Glaucia Celeste Rossatto Oki, Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann, Allan de Oliveira Santos, Maria Helena Guariento, Marcos Antonio Tambascia, Eros Antonio de Almeida, Barbara Juarez Amorim, Mariana Cunha Lopes Lima, Elba Cristina Sa Camargo Etchebehere, Edwaldo Eduardo Camargo, Celso Dario Ramos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Purpose of the Report: To compare thyroid imaging using Tc-99m sestamibi with the standard Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy in patients on chronic use of amiodarone. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients on oral amiodarone for at least 4 months had thyroid scintigraphy and uptake measurement using Tc-99m pertechnetate and Tc-99m sestamibi. Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine, and antithyroglobulin and antithyroperoxidase antibodies. Results: Ten of the 23 patients were euthyroid, 9 hypothyroid, and 4 hyperthyroid, with normal, increased, and decreased serum thyrotropin, respectively. All euthyroid patients had markedly decreased thyroid Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake and normal or slightly increased Tc-99m sestamibi uptake, except for one patient who had increased uptake of both radiotracers. One of the 4 hyperthyroid patients had Graves' disease and markedly increased thyroid uptake of both tracers. The other 3 hyperthyroid patients had normal or decreased Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake and increased Tc-99m sestamibi uptake. Differently than expected, all 9 hypothyroid patients had normal or increased uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusions: This study suggests that Tc-99m sestamibi may be an alternative tracer for thyroid scintigraphy and uptake measurement of patients on chronic use of amiodarone. Tc-99m sestamibi seems to be better than Tc-99m pertechnetate for the scintigraphic evaluation of the thyroid of euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients.
ApoE and apoE receptors in brain lipid metabolism and AD
Authors: Guojun Bu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Brain lipids such as cholesterol play critical roles in neuronal membrane homeostasis and synaptic functions. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major lipid transporter in the brain. Of the three human apoE isoforms (E2, E3 and E4), apoE4 is a strong risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Brain apoE/lipoprotein particles, produced primarily by astrocytes, deliver cholesterol and other lipids to neurons to support synapses via apoE receptors, which belong to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family. To ultimately understand why apoE4 is a risk factor for AD, it is essential to study the differential functions of apoE isoforms in brain lipid transport and synaptic functions, and what specific roles apoE receptors play in these processes.
Malnutrition in Underdeveloped Countries
Authors: Nevin S. Scrimshaw, Moises Béhar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

VARIATION with time, place and person is an inherent characteristic of disease. nutritional disease illustrates this particularly well. With few exceptions the patterns of malnutrition in underdeveloped countries today were those of the developed countries thirty to fifty years ago. Pellagra, ariboflavinosis and beriberi were still commonly seen in the southern United States in the 1930's, scurvy, rickets and endemic goiter in the 1920's, and "Mehlnärshaden," or "starch dystrophy," a form of kwashiorkor, in Europe in the 1900's. Furthermore, as in the underdeveloped areas today, diarrheal disease and the common communicable diseases of childhood had a higher fatality because of . . .
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: William H. Kern
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In contrast to Dr Meyers' experience, most of the cases that by subsequent tissue examination were found to be nonneoplastic were characterized by the presence of scant cellular material and often, by only fragments of fibrofatty tissue. One could subdivide specimens that are not diagnostic into those that are considered negative and others that are considered insufficient, but in the interpretation of aspiration smears of breast masses, neither classification should assure the surgeon that the lesion definitely is not a cancer. A number of surgeons performed the aspirations in our cases and used different sized needles and syringes. No aspirating devices were used, and while the results might be improved if a cytopathologist performs the aspirations, this is not practical for patients who are seen in the surgeon's office. Even with this simple, readily available, and rapid method, the results are good. Since the published study was concluded,
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Edward W. Campion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The Journal has recently published several clinical reports and virologic studies of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Those articles, along with editorial commentary, have been published electronically at www.nejm.org. The full text of the articles is available to both subscribers and nonsubscribers. The articles will appear in print in a future issue of the Journal. Readers who want to be notified as soon as an article is published electronically should sign up for the Journal's e-mail alerting service. We will send an alert about the publication of any additional article or commentary on SARS. To sign up . . .
Does This Patient Have Aortic Regurgitation?
Authors: Niteesh K. Choudhry
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ObjectiveTo review evidence as to the precision and accuracy of clinical examination for aortic regurgitation (AR).MethodsWe conducted a structured MEDLINE search of English-language articles (January 1966-July 1997), manually reviewed all reference lists of potentially relevant articles, and contacted authors of relevant studies for additional information. Each study (n = 16) was independently reviewed by both authors and graded for methodological quality.ResultsMost studies assessed cardiologists as examiners. Cardiologists' precision for detecting diastolic murmurs was moderate using audiotapes (κ=0.51) and was good in the clinical setting (simple agreement, 94%). The most useful finding for ruling in AR is the presence of an early diastolic murmur (positive likelihood ratio [LR], 8.8-32.0 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.8-32 to 16-63] for detecting mild or greater AR and 4.0-8.3 [95% CI, 2.5-6.9 to 6.2-11] for detecting moderate or greater AR) (2 grade A studies). The most useful finding for ruling out AR is the absence of early diastolic murmur (negative LR, 0.2-0.3 [95% CI, 0.1-0.3 to 0.2-0.4) for mild or greater AR and 0.1 [95% CI, 0.0-0.3] for moderate or greater AR) (2 grade A studies). Except for a test evaluating the response to transient arterial occlusion (positive LR, 8.4 [95% CI, 1.3-81.0]; negative LR, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.1-0.8]), most signs display poor sensitivity and specificity for AR.ConclusionClinical examination by cardiologists is accurate for detecting AR, but not enough is known about the examinations of less-expert clinicians.
Evidence against genetic factors causing major loss of embryos.
Authors: R Fleming, J R Coutts, M P Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Evidence against genetic factors causing major loss of embryos A report of a high incidence of genetic abnormality after in vitro fertilisation' led to a suggestion that the apparently low fecundity in man' may be partly explained by a high incidence of loss of embryos due to genetic factors.Data from induction of ovulation in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, however, suggest that a high incidence of conception may be achieved.3Advances in ultra- sound monitoring of ovarian function during induction of ovulation now permit more accurate assessment of data on conception.
Treatment of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia with Chemoradiotherapy and Transplantation of Marrow from Identical Twins
Authors: A Fefer, M A Cheever, P D Greenberg, F R Appelbaum, C N Boyd, C D Buckner, H G Kaplan, R Ramberg, J E Sanders, R Storb, E D Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Twelve patients in the chronic phase of Ph1 (Philadelphia)-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) received chemoradiotherapy and marrow from their normal, identical twins. All had a complete remission, with disappearance of all Ph1-positive cells. One patient died of pneumonitis while in remission. Three had a cytogenetic relapse 22 to 30 months after grafting; only one of these three entered blast crisis and died. Eight remain in complete remission 21 to 65 months (median, 30) after transplantation. Thus, the Ph1-positive clone can be ablated and blast crisis delayed or prevented. Of 10 patients with CGL who received transplants during the terminal phase, eight died soon after, one is in complete remission 11 months after receiving a second graft, and one remains in complete remission 71 months after transplantation. This experience suggests to us that every patient with CGL and an identical twin should receive a marrow graft, preferably in the chronic phase. On the basis of our results, trials of allogeneic-marrow transplantation for CGL seem justified. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:63–8.)
Sildenafil and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure
Authors: Marco Guazzi, Francesco Bandera, Paul Forfia
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Clinician's Guide to Diagnostic Cytology
Authors: Stewart F. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>The Clinician's Guide to Diagnostic Cytology</i>is a monograph with a mission. The authors assert that diagnostic cytology is underutilized because it is poorly covered in most undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula. They advocate greater utilization of cytology as a front-line diagnostic tool in the ambulatory setting. Written by an expert cytologist and the associate director of a family medicine training program, the book presents practical guidelines for the primary care physician for deciding where, when, why, and for whom diagnostic cytology may be of value. The monograph is endorsed by Dr Leopold Koss, long recognized as one of the world's leading experts in cytology, and has clearly earned this endorsement. It delivers what it promises. Written in a concise, well-illustrated style, with appropriate tables and figures, the monograph is readable and holds one's interest. Faced with a diagnostic problem, the practitioner can reach for this book and quickly get
The Influence of Hyperglycemia on Outcome of Cerebral Infarction
Authors: David B. Matchar, George W. Divine, Albert Heyman, John R. Feussner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine whether hyperglycemia in the acute stroke period is associated with worse survival and functional outcome after accounting for acute stress response and chronic hyperglycemia. Design: Prospective, county-wide, multicenter cohort study. Setting: A community hospital, a university hospital, and a Veterans Affairs hospital. Patients: A cohort of 146 patients hospitalized with new atherothrombotic stroke. Measurements: Admission blood glucose concentration, demographic characteristics of patients, 24-hour urinary catecholamine, serum cortisol, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels; outcomes included mortality and functional outcome (Barthel index and Fugl-Meyer score) at 5, 30, 90, and 180 days after stroke. Results: Of the 996 patients with possible acute stroke who were screened, 146 (15%) were eligible for and consented to participate in the study; in most cases, exclusion from study was based on the absence of acute, atherothrombotic stroke. Overall, no evidence was found of a significant univariate association between admission blood glucose level and survival (relative risk, 1.02; 95% Cl, 0.94 to 1.09) or functional outcome (univariate regression coefficient for adjusted Fugl-Meyer score at day 30, - 0.36; Cl, - 1.08 to 0.27). This absence of an association persisted after adjustment for significant predictors of outcome in a multivariate model. Conclusions: These data do not support an association between level of glycemia and outcome from acute stroke.
Fetal Surgery: Some Questions
Authors: G. B. Avery
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The article by Frigoletto et al, appearing elsewhere in this issue (p 2496), is perhaps the vanguard of pioneering efforts at invasive care of the fetus. The precedent was set almost 20 years ago by Liley,<sup>1</sup>who described successful intrauterine transfusion for severe erythroblastosis. Intrauterine transfusion never became commonplace because Rho(D) immune globulin greatly reduced the number of severely sensitized Rh-negative mothers. However, it has achieved an accepted place in the therapeutic armamentarium. Frigoletto et al report intrauterine diagnosis of hydrocephalus, with percutaneous placement of a ventriculoamniotic shunt under ultrasound guidance. The shunt decompressed the ventricles and allowed pregnancy to continue to a point where a viable newborn was delivered. That the baby later died of probably unrelated causes does not obscure the fact that the feasibility of intrauterine decompression of progressive hydrocephalus was established. While the article further demonstrates the accessibility of the fetus to transabdominal manipulation, it
The exhaled biomarker puzzle: bacteria play their card in the exhaled nitric oxide-exhaled breath condensate nitrite game
Authors: I Horvath
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Exhaled NO and nitrite as potential biomarkers in asthma

The measurement of exhaled biomarkers has gained increasing interest in recent years, mainly driven by the unmet clinical need to monitor airway inflammation and the response to anti-inflammatory treatment. The current issue of Thorax contains two important publications in this rapidly growing field. The study by Pijnenburg et al shows how exhaled nitric oxide (NO) measurement can serve clinical practice,1 while the investigation by Marteus et al draws attention to the potential pitfalls of measuring nitrite in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).2

It was hardly more than a decade between the discovery by Gustaffson et al in 1991 that the exhaled breath contains NO and the approval of such a measurement for clinical practice to monitor the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma.3,4 The road has been paved by approximately 2000 publications on the measurement of the fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in health and disease, including three guidelines which provide methodological recommendations by internationally known experts in the field and endorsed by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and/or the American Thoracic Society (ATS).5–7 By using these recommendations, exhaled NO can be …
Efficacy of platelet depletion in counteracting the detrimental effect of acute hypercholesterolemia on infarct size and the no-reflow phenomenon in rabbits undergoing coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion.
Authors: P Golino, P R Maroko, T E Carew
Journal: Circulation (1987)

It has recently been demonstrated that acute hypercholesterolemia per se, independently of its atherogenic effect, increases the extent of myocardial injury in rabbits undergoing coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion. Estimation of myocardial blood flow after reperfusion indicated that this deleterious effect was due to a vascular obstruction that limited the efficacy of reperfusion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role played by platelets in contributing to the occurrence of this deleterious effect. Accordingly, New Zealand White rabbits were fed a standard laboratory chow diet (plasma cholesterol 67 +/- 12 mg/dl) or a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet for 3 days (plasma cholesterol 329 +/- 70 mg/dl). In a first series of experiments autologous platelets were labeled with 111In-oxine. After labeling, platelets were reinjected in the same animal and 30 min later coronary artery occlusion (CAO) was induced. CAO was maintained for 30 min followed by 5.5 hr of reperfusion. The animals were then killed, their hearts were excised, and each left ventricle was divided into ischemic and normally perfused samples. Myocardial samples were then counted in a gamma counter. Platelet accumulation ratio, i.e., 111In activity in the ischemic myocardium per gram of tissue divided by 111In activity in the normal myocardium per gram of tissue, was calculated. The ratio was 2.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM) in controls (n = 7) and 10.3 +/- 1.0 in the cholesterol-fed group (n = 6, p less than .001), indicating that a marked accumulation of platelets occurs in the ischemic myocardium of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. To evaluate the importance of this phenomenon, another series of experiments was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Contractile failure and high-energy phosphate turnover during hypoxia: 31P-NMR surface coil studies in living rat.
Authors: J A Bittl, J A Balschi, J S Ingwall
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Cardiac failure appears rapidly during severe hypoxia and precedes a substantial reduction in adenosine triphosphate content. Reduced adenosine triphosphate turnover, in the presence of nearly normal content, may be the metabolic basis for contractile failure during hypoxia. To measure both the myocardial content and the turnover rates of high-energy phosphate compounds during hypoxia, we performed 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies by placing a surface coil directly over the left ventricle in intubated rats that were instrumented for hemodynamic measurements and ventilated with either 21, 10, or 8% O2. Normoxia produced a hemodynamic and metabolic steady state for 4 hours and hypoxia for at least 60 minutes. Under normoxic ventilation (n = 10, mean +/- SD), the arterial PO2 was 96 +/- 14, pH 7.38 +/- 0.11, and systolic blood pressure 96 +/- 8 mm Hg; under hypoxic ventilation with 10% O2 (n = 5), the arterial PO2 was 57 +/- 10, pH 7.39 +/- 0.09, and systolic pressure 68 +/- 10; and under hypoxic ventilation with 8% O2 (n = 5), the PO2 was 52 +/- 7, pH 7.37 +/- 0.04, and systolic pressure 51 +/- 4. Hypoxic ventilation with 10 or 8% O2 decreased the creatine phosphate content from 51.4 +/- 5.4 mumol/g dry wt to 39.3 +/- 5.4 and 45.6 +/- 4.1 and depressed adenosine triphosphate slightly from 25.0 mumol/g dry wt to 21.8 +/- 2.1 and 21.9 +/- 1.0, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma: time for consensus to better inform patient choice
Authors: J.M. McGregor, P. Sasieni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

In this edition of the British Journal of Dermatology we see stark evidence of the polarization that bedevils the state of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in melanoma.1 2 Couple this with a fact almost universally acknowledged, that doctors are confused by statistics,3 and it is little wonder that we find it difficult to help patients make informed decisions about their treatment. The 10‐year analysis of SNB data from Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT)‐I are now available,4 and it is time to reach consensus in management. Melanoma is a dangerous disease and patients deserve better than to have their management determined by personal conviction or possible gain, or informed by spin. Sladden et al.1 claim the evidence does not justify SNB as the gold standard of care, while Faries et al.2 (for the MSLT group) tell us that ‘failure to recommend this technique […] raises important ethical questions that cannot be ignored.’
1147-209 Spontaneous implantable defibrillator shocks do not increase troponin T
Authors: Soufian Almahameed, Ahmad Abdhul-Karim, Ryan Zuzek, Janet Spaarker, Jennifer E Cummings, Nassir F Marrouche, Andrea Natale, David O Martin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Psychophysiologic factors in sudden cardiac death
Authors: B Lown, R A DeSilva, P Reich, B J Murawski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of fatality in the industrially developed world. A considerable body of evidence indicates that the higher nervous system modifies electrical activity of the heart and may trigger sudden death. The evidence for increased risk for ventricular fibrillation due to psychophysiologic factors is supported predominantly by animal studies, but increasing evidence is forthcoming from human studies. The involvement of psychiatrists, psychologists, and cardiologists in a multidisciplinary approach to managing patients at risk for sudden death from ventricular fibrillation is yielding significant insights and prolonging their lives.
Ga-67 or ln-111 White Blood Cell Scans for Abscess Detection: A Case for ln-111
Authors: R L LANTIERI, H D FAWCETT, J H McKILLOP, I R McDOUGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

LANTIERI, R L M.D.; FAWCETT, H D M.D.; McKILLOP, J H M.B., Ph.D.; McDOUGALL, I R M.B., Ph.D. Author Information
Reversible Respiratory Paralysis Associated with Polymyxin Therapy
Authors: LARRY A LINDESMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Respiratory paralysis is a potentially fatal, though reversible, complication of the use of polymyxin B and colistimethate (polymyxin E) in patients with renal disease. Clinical findings in 11 cases of reversible respiratory paralysis associated with polymyxin therapy are reviewed and their management discussed. A relationship between the neuromuscular toxicity of these drugs and underlying renal disease is emphasized. Previously reported cases in the literature are summarized, and possible mechanisms producing neuromuscular blockade are discussed.
Inhibition of the Late Phase Reaction to Anti‐Human IgE in Man by Oral Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Reidar Grönneberg
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Pharmacological modulation of the immediate and late phase reaction (LPR) to anti‐human IgE was further investigated in a double‐blind cross‐over study. Tranexamic acid (AMCA) 1 g t.i.d. 24 h prior to and following intradermal injection of anti‐IgE produced an approximate 40% inhibition of the LPR ( P &lt; 0.01) without affecting the early response as compared with placebo in 10 volunteers. Antagonistic effect on activation of fibrinolysis and possibly the complement system is suggested as a possible mode of action.
TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Amit P. Amin, Kensey Riley, John A. Spertus, Lakshmi Venkitachalam, Joshua M. Stolker, Peter A. McCullough, Frederick A. Masoudi, Phillip G. Jones, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)