tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Model Contracts for Hospital Medical and Dental Staff
Authors: R. S. Murley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Representative Meeting the B.M.A. will debate the annual retention fee for registra- tion on the Medical Register.The B.M.A. has already aired the prob- lem of a minority of doctors who wish to retire temporarily from medicine and who mav consider it unnecessary to remain on the Register-or who do not wish to pay the annual retention fee.Most of these will be young married women doctors with domestic commitments.The B.M.A. considered that the G.M.C. might feel able to include these
Female mouse fetal loss mediated by maternal autoantibody
Authors: Li Wang, Dun Zhou, Ji Lee, Haitao Niu, Thomas W. Faust, Stephen Frattini, Czeslawa Kowal, Patricio T. Huerta, Bruce T. Volpe, Betty Diamond
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease of women during childbearing years, is characterized by the production of double-stranded DNA antibodies. A subset of these antibodies, present in 40% of patients, cross-reacts with the NR2A and NR2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). In this study, we show that, in mouse models, these antibodies cause a loss of female fetus viability by inducing apoptosis of NR2A-expressing neurons within the brainstem late in fetal development; gender specificity derives from a time-dependent increased expression of NR2A in female brainstem or increased vulnerability of female fetal neurons to signaling through NR2A-containing NMDARs. This paradigm is consistent with available data on the sex ratio of live births of women with SLE. It represents a novel mechanism by which maternal autoantibodies can severely affect fetal health in a gender-specific fashion and raises the question of how many maternal antibodies affect brain development or exhibit gender-specific fetal effects.
Medical relief efforts in Sumatra and Pacific islands are stepped up
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

United Nations relief agencies, governments, and charities have launched a major humanitarian aid effort, including the dispatch of surgical and medical teams and supplies, to help thousands of people in urgent need in earthquake hit west Sumatra.

Christine South, operations coordinator for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said that additional medical staff, including surgeons, GPs, and nurses, were needed.

Elizabeth Byrs, spokeswoman for the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, said that immediate needs included medical supplies and personnel, hygiene kits, petrol generators, and heavy equipment to support search and rescue efforts.

Emergency shelter equipment is another top priority, and thousands of tents are needed, said UN relief experts.

On 4 October Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency said that the …
Abstract 535: The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Purvi Patel, Michelle Zheng, Maarten C. Bosland, André Kajdacsy-Balla, Gnanasekar Munirathinam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among older men and the second leading cancer-related cause of death in them. It is responsible for nearly 30,000 deaths per year in the United States. The causes for the development of prostate cancer are not clearly known although age and genetic factors play a key role in the etiology of this cancer. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that deregulated androgen levels and chronic inflammation also predispose to prostate cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms which result in prostate cancer are not yet well known. Therefore, this study focuses on characterizing the role of High Mobility Group Box 1 protein (HMGB1), a co-activator of sex hormone receptors and a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of prostate carcinogenesis. In this study, we used an immortalized normal prostate cell (RWPE-1) to test if expression of HMGB1 in these cells will activate oncogenic signaling and transform them to a malignant phenotype. To achieve this, RWPE-1 cells were transfected with HMGB1 gene; stable lines were constructed and designated as RWPE-HMGB1. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that majority (73%) of RWPE-1 cells over expressing HMGB1 was in the G2/M phase followed by polyploidy state (25%). Importantly, RWPE-HMGB1 cells when exposed to R1881 (synthetic androgen) treatment proliferated significantly in a time dependent manner compared to control RWPE-1 cells. Interestingly, the proliferative effects of HMGB1 in RWPE-1 cells was inhibited by anti-androgenic treatment (casodex) implicating HMGB1 to be a co-activator of androgen receptor in prostate cells. Further mechanistic studies revealed that expression of HMGB1 in RWPE-1 cells stimulated androgen receptor expression and PSA secretion in these cells. In addition, our studies also identified HMGB1 as an activator of two key extracellular (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase [Erk] and Toll-like receptor-4 [TLR-4]) pathways in RWPE-1 cells resulting in the inhibition of caspase-3 activation and prevention of PARP-1 cleavage suggesting HMGB1 is an inhibitor of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Overall, results of our study have identified a potential role of HMGB1 in prostate cancer which may help design drugs to target HMGB1 in preventing prostate carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 535. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-535
Exome sequencing identifies secondary mutations of SETBP1 and JAK3 in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Hirotoshi Sakaguchi, Yusuke Okuno, Hideki Muramatsu, Kenichi Yoshida, Yuichi Shiraishi, Mariko Takahashi, Ayana Kon, Masashi Sanada, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Hideki Makishima, Xinan Wang, Yinyan Xu, Sayoko Doisaki, Asahito Hama, Koji Nakanishi, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Nao Yoshida, Jaroslaw P Maciejewski, Satoru Miyano, Seishi Ogawa, Seiji Kojima
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Comment on Kramer et al. Glucagon Response to Oral Glucose Challenge in Type 1 Diabetes: Lack of Impact of Euglycemia. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1076–1082
Authors: Sophia Ali, Nitesh Kuhadiya, Husam Ghanim, Ajay Chaudhuri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read with interest the article by Kramer et al. (1) investigating the effect of a short period of euglycemia or hyperglycemia on glucagon concentrations following a 50-g oral glucose tolerance test. The authors conclude that while there is a paradoxical increase in glucagon after a 50-g oral glucose challenge in subjects with type 1 diabetes, a short episode of hyperglycemia or euglycemia has no …
Identification of Siglec-9 as the receptor for MUC16 on human NK cells, B cells, and monocytes
Authors: Jennifer A Belisle, Sachi Horibata, Gubbels AA Jennifer, Sarah Petrie, Arvinder Kapur, Sabine André, Hans-Joachim Gabius, Claudine Rancourt, Joseph Connor, James C Paulson, Manish S Patankar
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background MUC16 is a cell surface mucin expressed at high levels by epithelial ovarian tumors. Following proteolytic cleavage, cell surface MUC16 (csMUC16) is shed in the extracellular milieu and is detected in the serum of cancer patients as the tumor marker CA125. csMUC16 acts as an adhesion molecule and facilitates peritoneal metastasis of ovarian tumors. Both sMUC16 and csMUC16 also protect cancer cells from cytotoxic responses of natural killer (NK) cells. In a previous study we demonstrated that sMUC16 binds to specific subset of NK cells. Here, we identify the csMUC16/sMUC16 binding partner expressed on immune cells. Results Analysis of immune cells from the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of ovarian cancer patients indicates that in addition to NK cells, sMUC16 also binds to B cells and monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid. I-type lectin, Siglec-9, is identified as the sMUC16 receptor on these immune cells. Siglec-9 is expressed on approximately 30-40% of CD16 pos /CD56 dim NK cells, 20-30% of B cells and &gt;95% of monocytes. sMUC16 binds to the majority of the Siglec-9 pos NK cells, B cells and monocytes. sMUC16 is released from the immune cells following neuraminidase treatment. Siglec-9 transfected Jurkat cells and monocytes isolated from healthy donors bind to ovarian tumor cells via Siglec-9-csMUC16 interaction. Conclusions Recent studies indicate that csMUC16 can act as an anti-adhesive agent that blocks tumor-immune cell interactions. Our results demonstrate that similar to other mucins, csMUC16 can also facilitate cell adhesion by interacting with a suitable binding partner such as mesothelin or Siglec-9. Siglec-9 is an inhibitory receptor that attenuates T cell and NK cell function. sMUC16/csMUC16-Siglec-9 binding likely mediates inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses.
A Phase II Study of Irinotecan and Carboplatin in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Pharmacogenomic Analysis: Final Report
Authors: Giancarlo A. Pillot, William L. Read, Kristin L. Hennenfent, Sharon Marsh, Feng Gao, Avinash Viswanathan, Kristopher Cummings, Howard L. McLeod, Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Usefulness of a second endoscopic arm to improve therapeutic endoscopy in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary experience – a case series
Authors: P. Fusaroli, A. Grillo, S. Zanarini, G. Caletti
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a difficult procedure with frequent complications. Our aim was to test the feasibility of utilizing a second endoscopic arm to improve the dissection. An Olympus prototype blind probe, with an external diameter of 6 mm and a 2.8-mm working channel, was used as a second endoscopic arm. Its purpose was to lift the lesion during dissection. The main endoscope served both to perform the dissection and to visualize the second endoscopic arm in the monitor. Eight patients with polypoid lesions in the rectum or distal sigmoid were treated successfully. The procedure was feasible, and submucosal exposure was ameliorated allowing easier dissection. The resection was curative in all cases. No recurrences have been detected during up to 18-months of follow-up. A small perforation and two cases of delayed bleeding were managed nonsurgically. Applying counter-traction with a second endoscopic arm can facilitate submucosal dissection of distal colorectal lesions.
False-Negative Morphine-Augmented Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy With a Rim Sign
Authors: ARNOLD F. JACOBSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A patient with cholelithiasis and clinically suspected of acute cholecystitis underwent hepatobillary scintigraphy that demonstrated initial nonvisualization of the gallbladder in association with a subtle rim sign, but subsequent gallbladder visualization after administration of intravenous morphine. After an 8-day period of medical management, an elective cholecystectomy was performed, which revealed a gangrenous gallbladder with a gallstone in the neck and full thickness necrosis. These results suggest that gallbladder visualization on morphine-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy should be interpreted cautiously in the presence of a rim sign because acute cholecystitis remains a possibility.
Abstract 3045: Identification of specific microRNA signatures in VHL-functional and VHL-silenced renal cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Vittal Kurisetty, Lellean JeBailey, Tony Luongo, Jaime R. Merchan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective&amp; Background: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common renal malignancy in adults. Up to 70% of clear cell renal cancers have VHL silencing either because of gene mutation or methylation. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and trigger either translation repression or RNA degradation. Their aberrant expression may be involved in human diseases including cancer. This study set out to investigate the influences of VHL status and the ensuing differences in miRNA profiles and biological/phenotypic effects in renal carcinoma cell lines. Methods: Normal cell line, HREC, and renal cancer cell lines that are VHL-ve cell lines, A498, A704, 786.O, and 786.O. Vec, VHL+ve cell line,786.O.VHL, VHL-WT cell line, ACHN and Caki.1 and VHL-CH3 cell line, KV6 were used for the VHL-specific genome wide miRNA profiling. miRNAs were extracted, in triplicate, from the above cell lines at 48 hrs time point by using miRVana miRNA isolation kit (Ambion). The extracted miRNAs were subjected to analysis by MEGAPlex RT primers and MEGAPlex Pre-Amp primers, followed by loading them to TaqMan Human miRNA microarrays v2.0 (Human Array A/B (Applied Biosystems). Resulting miRNAs were analysed further by using the RealTimeStatMiner v3.0 software (Integromics) followed by GeneGO pathways analysis. Results: We show that approximately 577 miRNAs were altered in human kidney cancer. 270 miRNAs and 180 miRNAs were upregulated and down-regulated in cancer cell lines when compared against normal HREC cell line, respectively. Upon analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in RCC cell lines based on VHL status, we found that 7 miRNAs were differentially upregulated in VHL wild type RCC cells. In VHL mutant cell lines, 5 miRNAs and 6 miRNAs were differentially up and down regulated, respectively, while in RCC cell lines with wild type, but silenced (methylated) VHL, 7 and 10 miRNAs were differentially up and down regulated, respectively. Target prediction and microRNA enrichment analysis suggested that the differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in regulation of HIF, angiogenesis, invasion &amp; metastasis, extracellular matrix degradation, EMT phenomenon, metabolism and apoptosis pathways. Conclusion: This MicroRNome analysis reveals a specific spectrum of hypoxia, angiogenesis, tumor metabolism, metastasis, cell cycle and apoptotic specific miRNAs. In vitro experiments to characterize the biological significance differential miRNA expression profiles on different steps of tumorigenesis and tumor progression are underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3045.
Urate crystal-induced chemotactic factor: isolation and partial characterization.
Authors: I Spilbert, A Gallacher, J M Mehta, B Mandell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

A factor with chemotactic properties for neutrophils and mononuclear cells was extracted from the lysosomal fraction of both human and rabbit neutrophils that had been allowed to phagocytose monosodium urate crystals. The chemotactic factor was found to be a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 8,400 daltons. The factor is heat labile and has chemotactic activity for human as well as rabbit cells. Preincubation of the cells with the urate induced chemotactic factor or with complement activated plasma prevents the cell from migrating chemotactically when challenged with either factor in the chemotactic chamber. The chemotactic factor induces release of lysosomal enzymes for cytochalasin B treated human neutrophils.
Multiple Testing, Cumulative Radiation Dose, and Clinical Indications in Patients Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Andrew J. Einstein, Shepard D. Weiner, Adam Bernheim, Michal Kulon, Sabahat Bokhari, Lynne L. Johnson, Jeffrey W. Moses, Stephen Balter
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is the single medical test with the highest radiation burden to the US population. Although many patients undergoing MPI receive repeat MPI testing, or additional procedures involving ionizing radiation, no data are available characterizing their total longitudinal radiation burden and relating radiation burden with reasons for testing.To characterize procedure counts, cumulative estimated effective doses of radiation, and clinical indications for patients undergoing MPI.A retrospective cohort study of 1097 consecutive patients undergoing index MPI during the first 100 days of 2006 (January 1-April 10) at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, that evaluated all preceding medical imaging procedures involving ionizing radiation undergone beginning October 1988, and all subsequent procedures through June 2008, at the center.Cumulative estimated effective dose of radiation, number of procedures involving radiation, and indications for testing.Patients underwent a median of 15 (interquartile range [IQR], 6-32; mean, 23.9) procedures involving radiation exposure; of which 4 (IQR, 2-8; mean, 6.5) were high-dose procedures (≥3 mSv; ie, 1 year's background radiation), including 1 (IQR, 1-2; mean, 1.8) MPI study per patient. A total of 344 patients (31.4%) received cumulative estimated effective dose from all medical sources of more than 100 mSv. Multiple MPIs were performed in 424 patients (38.6%), for whom cumulative estimated effective dose was 121 mSv (IQR, 81-189; mean, 149 mSv). Men and white patients had higher cumulative estimated effective doses. More than 80% of initial and 90% of repeat MPI examinations were performed in patients with known cardiac disease or symptoms consistent with it.In this institution, multiple testing with MPI was common and in many patients associated with high cumulative estimated doses of radiation.
Familial hyperproinsulinemia. Two cohorts secreting indistinguishable type II intermediates of proinsulin conversion.
Authors: D C Robbins, S E Shoelson, A H Rubenstein, H S Tager
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Familial hyperproinsulinemia, a hereditary syndrome in which individuals secrete high amounts of 9,000-mol wt proinsulin-like material, has been identified in two unrelated cohorts. Separate analysis of the material from each of the two cohorts had suggested that the proinsulin-like peptide was a conversion intermediate in which the C-peptide remained attached to the insulin B-chain in one case, whereas it was a conversion intermediate in which the C-peptide remained attached to the insulin A-chain in the other. To reinvestigate this apparent discrepancy, we have now used chemical, biochemical, immunochemical, and physical techniques to compare in parallel the structures of the immunoaffinity chromatography-purified, proinsulin-like peptides isolated from the serum of members of both families. Our results show that affected individuals in both cohorts secrete two-chained intermediates of proinsulin conversion in which the COOH-terminus of the C-peptide is extended by the insulin A-chain and from which the insulin B-chain is released by oxidative sulfitolysis. Analysis of the conversion intermediates by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using two different buffer systems showed that the proinsulin-related peptides from both families elute at a single position very near that of the normal intermediate des-Arg31, Arg32-proinsulin. Further, treatment of these peptides with acetic anhydride prevented trypsin-catalyzed cleavage of the C-peptide from the insulin A-chain, a result demonstrating the presence of Lys64 and the absence of Arg65 in both abnormal forms. We conclude that individuals from both cohorts with familial hyperproinsulinemia secret very similar or identical intermediates of proinsulin conversion in which the C-peptide remains attached to the insulin A chain and in which Arg65 has been replaced by another amino acid residue.
Case Studies from Primary Care Settings
Authors: Philippe O. Szapary
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings19 January 1999Case Studies from Primary Care SettingsPhilippe O. Szapary, MDPhilippe O. Szapary, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Case Studies from Primary Care SettingsTalashek ML, Gerace LM, Miller A, Lindsey M; eds. 390 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. $32.00. ISBN 0071054871. Order phone 800-262-4729.Field of medicine: Primary care and family practice.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Family physicians, family nurse practitioners and physician assistants, and medical and nurse practitioner students.Purpose: To serve as a self-directed teaching aid for beginners in primary care medicine.Content: The book has seven parts, each of which discusses a stage of life from infancy to older adulthood. Each part contains four to eight chapters presenting case studies of common diagnoses identified ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 2Page: 167-168KeywordsHypertensionLaboratory testsLower back painMarshesNursesOsteoporosisPharyngitisStreptococcal infectionsThyroidThyroid diseases Issue Published: 19 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reversal of Ongoing Thermal Hyperalgesia in Mice by a Recombinant Herpesvirus that Encodes Human Preproenkephalin
Authors: David C Yeomans, Toni Jones, Charles E Laurito, Ying Lu, Steven P Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Herpesvirus-mediated transfer of the human preproenkephalin gene to primary afferent nociceptors prevents phasic thermal allodynia/hyperalgesia in mice. It is not known, however, whether similar viral treatments would reverse ongoing or chronic pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia. To this end, mice were given intrathecal injections of pertussis toxin (PTX), which produces a weeks-long thermal hyperalgesia apparently by uncoupling certain G proteins from inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors. This treatment produced profound thermal hyperalgesia in both Adelta and C-fiber thermonociceptive tests lasting at least 6 weeks. However, treatment of skin surfaces with an enkephalin-encoding herpesvirus, but not control virus or vehicle, completely reversed this hyperalgesia. This profound anti-hyperalgesia was observed for both Adelta- and C-fiber-mediated responses. Interestingly, however, while the anti-hyperalgesic effect of the enkephalin-encoding virus on C-fiber-mediated responses was reversed by intrathecal application of micro or delta opioid antagonists, only delta antagonists reversed the effect of this virus on Adelta hyperalgesia. Thus, virus-mediated delivery of the proenkephalin cDNA reverses thermal hyperalgesia produced by PTX-induced ribosylation of inhibitory G proteins by an opioid-mediated mechanism. These results suggest that herpesvirus vectors encoding analgesic peptides may be useful in attenuating centrally mediated, ongoing neuropathic pain and/or hyperalgesia.