tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shear stress and spiral artery remodelling: the effects of low shear stress on trophoblast-induced endothelial cell apoptosis
Authors: Joanna L. James, Guy S. Whitley, Judith E. Cartwright
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

In the first trimester of pregnancy, placental trophoblasts migrate along uterine spiral arteries (SA) and replace endothelial cells (EC) lining these vessels by mechanisms involving EC apoptosis. Inadequate SA remodelling has been associated with pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction. Until 10–12 weeks of gestation, trophoblasts plug SA, preventing maternal blood flow into the intervillous space and resulting in high resistance, low shear flow in these vessels. We aimed to determine the effect of shear stress on trophoblast-induced EC apoptosis. Trophoblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured for 13–31 h under shear stresses from 0.02 to 7 dyne/cm2. Apoptosis was quantified by time-lapse microscopy. Treatment with tumour necrosis factor α/actinomycin D increased apoptotic death in all cell types (P < 0.01). However, trophoblasts cultured in 3 dyne/cm2 underwent less apoptosis than those in 0.5 dyne/cm2 cultures (P < 0.05). Trophoblasts cultured on HUVEC monolayers at 0.5 or 3 dyne/cm2 significantly induced apoptosis in directly adjacent HUVECs, in comparison to HUVECs >2 cells away or HUVEC only controls (P < 0.05), and this was mediated by Fas/Fas-ligand mechanisms. The amount of induced apoptosis decreased from 0.5 to 3 dyne/cm2 cultures (P < 0.05), and trophoblasts failed to significantly induce HUVEC apoptosis in 5 or 7 dyne/cm2 cultures. The survival advantage of trophoblasts over EC at low shear stress, and the inhibition of trophoblast-induced EC apoptosis with increasing shear stress, suggests that low shear stresses in plugged first-trimester SA may aid trophoblast-induced EC apoptosis involved in SA remodelling.
Behavior Problems and Mental Health Referrals of International Adoptees
Authors: Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
Journal: JAMA (2005)

International adoption involves more than 40,000 children a year moving among more than 100 countries. Before adoption, international adoptees often experience insufficient medical care, malnutrition, maternal separation, and neglect and abuse in orphanages.To estimate the effects of international adoption on behavioral problems and mental health referrals.We searched MEDLINE, PsychLit, and ERIC from 1950 to January 2005 using the terms adopt* combined with (behavior) problem, disorder, (mal)adjustment, (behavioral) development, clinical or psychiatric (referral), or mental health; conducted a manual search of the references of articles, books, book chapters, and reports; and consulted experts for relevant studies. The search was not limited to English-language publications.Studies that provided sufficient data to compute differences between adoptees (in all age ranges) and nonadopted controls were selected, resulting in 34 articles on mental health referrals and 64 articles on behavior problems.Data on international adoption, preadoption adversity, and other moderators were extracted from each study and inserted in the program Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA). Effect sizes (d) for the overall differences between adoptees and controls regarding internalizing, externalizing, total behavior problems, and use of mental health services were computed. Homogeneity across studies was tested with the Q statistic.Among 25,281 cases and 80,260 controls, adoptees (both within and between countries) presented more behavior problems, but effect sizes were small (d, 0.16-0.24). Adoptees (5092 cases) were overrepresented in mental health services and this effect size was large (d, 0.72). Among 15,790 cases and 30,450 controls, international adoptees showed more behavior problems than nonadopted controls, but effect sizes were small (d, 0.07-0.11). International adoptees showed fewer total, externalizing and internalizing behavior problems than domestic adoptees. Also, international adoptees were less often referred to mental health services (d, 0.37) than domestic adoptees (d, 0.81). International adoptees with preadoption adversity showed more total problems and externalizing problems than international adoptees without evidence of extreme deprivation.Most international adoptees are well-adjusted although they are referred to mental health services more often than nonadopted controls. However, international adoptees present fewer behavior problems and are less often referred to mental health services than domestic adoptees.
1045-194 Impaired arteriogenic response to acute hindlimb ischemia in CD8 knockout mice
Authors: Eugenio Stabile, Mary Susan Burnett, Timothy D Kinnaird, Craig Watkins, Cheol W Lee, Matie Shou, Andrea la Sala, Schmuel Fuchs, Stephen E Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
THE PRODUCTION AND NATURE OF STREPTOCOLYSIN.
Authors: GUSTAV F. RUEDIGER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

In 1897 Bordet<sup>1</sup>drew attention to the fact that there generally is more or less hemolysis in the blood of a rabbit which has died of streptococcus infection. This hemolysis is not constantly observed, but was present, for instance, in 37 of 40 rabbits dying of streptococcus infection, in which it was looked for in this laboratory during the last eight months. This phenomenon seems to be unique in the field of bacteriology, although there are several other organisms, such as the<i>B. tetanus,</i><sup>2</sup><i>B. pyocyaneus,</i><sup>3</sup><i>Staphylococcus pyogenes,</i><sup>4</sup><i>B. typhosus,</i><sup>5</sup><i>M. tetragonus,</i><sup>6</sup><i>B. megatherium,</i><sup>7</sup>and others,<sup>8</sup>the filtered cultures of which are capable of hemolysing red corpuscles of various animals. These organisms, however, do not produce hemolysis in the body of an animal which has been injected with the young cultures, as is the case with the streptococcus. Todd<sup>7</sup>has found, however, that filtrates from an old culture of<i>B.</i>
Studies of the Natriuresis of Hydroxyamphetamine and on Its Mechanism of Action.
Authors: John R. Gill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Studies of the Natriuresis of Hydroxyamphetamine and on Its Mechanism of Action.John R. Gill Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Dean H. Mason, M.D. (Associate), Frederic C. Bertter, M.D.John R. Gill Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dean H. Mason, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Frederic C. Bertter, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1185_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAmphetamine and hydroxyamphetamine (Paredrine®) reportedly increase sodium excretion in patients with idiopathic edema. These compounds, given intravenously, increase circulating catecholamines, and their natriuretic effects have been attributed to their vasoconstrictor properties. The present studies demonstrate the natriuretic effects and suggest an additional action for these compounds. The sodium-retaining steroid, 2-methyl-9 alpha-fluorohydrocortisone was given for 4 to 7 days to five patients on constant diets containing 250 mEq of sodium/day, and cumulative sodium retention was determined. After treatment with hydroxyamphetamine for 10 to 12 days (maximal dose, 400 mg/day), the steroid was readministered for the same length of time as in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John R. GillJr., M.D., F.A.C.P.; Dean H. Mason, M.D. (Associate); Frederic C. Bertter, M.D.Affiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1185-1185KeywordsAmphetaminesCatecholaminesDietEdemaExcretionNatriuretic peptidesSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
TGF-β receptor expression and binding in rat mesangial cells: Modulation by glucose and cyclic mechanical strain
Authors: Bruce L. Riser, Stephanie Ladson-Wofford, Abdulkarim Sharba, Pedro Cortes, Katie Drake, Christopher J. Guerin, Jerry Yee, Mary E. Choi, Patricia R. Segarini, Robert G. Narins
Journal: Kidney International (1999)

TGF-β receptor expression and binding in rat mesangial cells: Modulation by glucose and cyclic mechanical strain. <h3>Background</h3> Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a causal factor in experimental glomerulosclerosis, and it mediates the increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation that occurs in cultured mesangial cells (MCs) exposed to high glucose concentrations and cyclic mechanical strain. This change is associated with increased levels of TGF-β, but may also involve alterations in receptor expression and binding. <h3>Methods</h3> Rat MCs cultured in media containing either 8 or 35 mM glucose were seeded into culture plates with elastin-coated flexible bottoms. Thereafter, they were subjected to cyclic stretch or static conditions and then examined for<sup>125</sup>I-TGF-β1 binding and expression of TGF-β receptors at the gene and protein levels. <h3>Results</h3> Kinetic studies showed that MCs bound TGF-β1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, expressing 6800 high-affinity receptors per cell, with an apparent dissociation constant (K<sub>d</sub>) of 15.4 pM, while cross-linking analysis identified three TGF-β receptors (βR) corresponding to βRI, βRII, and βRIII of 54, 73, and 200 kDa, respectively. Immunocytochemical studies of βRI and βRII protein revealed MC expression in a homogeneous, punctate distribution, whereas Northern analysis demonstrated the presence of the corresponding mRNAs. Exposure to cyclic stretching significantly increased (10%) the overall number of TGF-β receptors, whereas ligands associated with βRs I, II, and III also increased (25 to 50%). The finding of increased (30 to 40%) βRI and βRII transcript levels and immunoreactive protein (163 and 59%, respectively) in the absence of significant changes in the apparent K<sub>d</sub> indicated that stretch-induced binding was the result of increased receptor synthesis and expression and not due to a change in binding affinity. In a similar, but more dramatic fashion, exposure to high glucose also elevated (50%) the receptor number, as well as the amount of ligands associated with βRs I, II, and III (100 to 250%). This same treatment also increased the levels of βRI and βRII mRNA (30 to 40%) and the immunoreactive protein (82 and 82%, respectively), without significantly altering the binding affinity of the receptor. A concerted or synergistic effect of both stimuli was not evidenced. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results suggest that the modulation of TGF-β receptors may be an additional control point in mediating the glucose- and mechanical force-induced increase in ECM deposition by MCs.
Drinking-Water Nitrate, Methemoglobinemia, and Global Burden of Disease: A Discussion
Authors: Lorna Fewtrell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

On behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO), I have undertaken a series of literature-based investigations examining the global burden of disease related to a number of environmental risk factors associated with drinking water. In this article I outline the investigation of drinking-water nitrate concentration and methemoglobinemia. The exposure assessment was based on levels of nitrate in drinking water greater than the WHO guideline value of 50 mg/L. No exposure-response relationship, however, could be identified that related drinking-water nitrate level to methemoglobinemia. Indeed, although it has previously been accepted that consumption of drinking water high in nitrates causes methemoglobinemia in infants, it appears now that nitrate may be one of a number of co-factors that play a sometimes complex role in causing the disease. I conclude that, given the apparently low incidence of possible water-related methemoglobinemia, the complex nature of the role of nitrates, and that of individual behavior, it is currently inappropriate to attempt to link illness rates with drinking-water nitrate levels.
The Value of Renal Scintigraphy in the Conservative Management of a Patient With Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: VIVIAN BONGERS, JOHN M.H. DE KLERK, M. TYCHO W. T. LOCI, ERIC J. A. BEEK, PETER P. VAN RIJK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The diagnostic dilemma to differentiate angiomyolipomas from renal cell carcinoma has been resolved by computerized tomography and sonography. However, these imaging modalities are incapable of estimating the functional contribution of individual kidneys. Renal scintigraphy can be used for a quantitative impression of renal function and is, therefore, of additional value in monitoring conservatively treated tuberous sclerosis patients as shown by the case report.
Influence of maternal diet during lactation and use of formula feeds on development of atopic eczema in high risk infants.
Authors: R. K. Chandra, S. Puri, A. Hamed
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<b>Retraction</b> On 28 October 2015, <i>The BMJ</i> retracted this article, published in 1989: Chandra RK, Puri S, Hamed A. Influence of maternal diet during lactation and use of formula feeds on development of atopic eczema in high risk infants. <i>BMJ</i> 1989;299:228–30. <i>The BMJ</i> has retracted the article after receiving a copy of an inquiry into the research of R K Chandra, which was conducted by the Memorial University of Newfoundland and completed in August 1995. The university did not publish the inquiry report at the time. Nor did it notify the editors of journals that had published articles by Chandra that were considered in the report. <i>The BMJ</i> obtained a copy of the report when it came into the public domain as a result of Chandra taking and losing a legal action against the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), which aired television programmes about Chandra in 2006. The inquiring committee experienced great difficulty with its work, but its final conclusion was that "scientific misconduct has been committed by Dr Chandra." It looked at three studies and found that: "absolutely no raw data (or files) of any kind were exhibited" "the Committee cannot identify anyone who did the recruiting, cannot identify anyone who did or remembers a significant amount of work" "the coauathors had little or very likely nothing to do with the work" "it is unbelievable that there are essentially no hospital records to support the study in question" "the committee cannot accept that the Carnation study was done anywhere near to completeness or with the accuracy reported in the Annals of Allergy and Journal of Clinical Nutrition, For that matter, the same can probably be said for the Mead Johnson work published in the British Medical Journal." When asked by <i>The BMJ</i> in 2015 why it had not published the report in 1995, Memorial University of Newfoundland said that the report "was the product of a flawed investigation process and could not be relied upon." In the CBC programmes, however, a university spokesman said that the university had not acted on the report because of legal threats from Chandra. The university further told <i>The BMJ</i>: "In the spirit of being helpful, we acknowledge that over the years serious questions have been raised about the 1989 publication, leading to much controversy. If [<i>The</i>] <i>BMJ</i> decides to retract the paper on the basis of evidence apart from the findings of the 1995 report, then we would understand your decision in this regard." <i>The BMJ</i> is retracting the paper because of the 1995 report, and because of the convincing evidence given in the CBC television programmes and the court case that the work of R K Chandra is not to be trusted. For more information, see <i>The BMJ</i>9s feature article(1) and editorial,(2) published on 28 October 2015.
The key to longevity
Authors: D. Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Can we help people live longer with better medical care?



Almost six years ago, in my first Observations column for the BMJ , I wrote that the secret to a longer life is something that doctors can do very little to affect: patients’ level of education.1 It seems that not much has changed.

As I write this, the lead story on the front page of the New York Times announces (yet again) that poorly educated Americans die younger than those who have had more schooling; now, however, it also seems that the life expectancy of those lacking a high school diploma is actually getting shorter.2 This raises the previously unimaginable possibility that at least some part of a generation of children could actually die younger, on average, than their parents.

The Times article cited a recent study by S Jay Olshansky and colleagues that found that US men and women with less than 12 years of education in 2008 had life expectancies similar to US adults in the 1950s and 1960s.3 Further, when you include race as …
P71 Reduced airway beta-defensin 2 levels in children with cystic fibrosis and vitamin D-deficiency
Authors: K. Naderi, J. Donovan, S. Brown, N. Leaver, H.-L. Tan, E. W. F. W. Alton, A. Bush, J. C. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Vitamin D (vD) levels have been reported to correlate with (a) lung function in healthy populations and (b) disease severity in pulmonary TB, COPD and asthma. The proposed mechanism, supported by in vitro studies, relates to vD response elements in the promoter regions of genes encoding molecules involved in innate immunity such as defensins and cathelicidin (LL-37). As patients with CF are at risk of fat and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption, we sought to explore this relationship in a cohort of CF children. Frozen serum and bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid samples, which had been donated for research at the time of a clinically-indicated bronchoscopy were available from 49 children with CF. Mean age at the time of the procedure was 6.8 years (range 0.03–15.99). 44 (90%) were biochemically pancreatic insufficient and were prescribed pancreatic enzyme supplementation and fat-soluble mulitvitamins. Serum 25OH vD3 was measured using HPLC and mass spectrometry. BALF human beta defensin-2 (hbD2) and LL-37 were quantified using ELISA. vD deficiency was defined as &lt;20 ng/ml based on internationally-accepted criteria. Deficient and sufficient groups were compared with Mann–Whitney tests and Spearman9s correlations were performed. 16 (33%) children were vD-deficient (including two of the five pancreatic sufficient patients); they did not differ in age from the vD sufficient group. BALF hbD2 was significantly lower than in the vD sufficient group (median (range) 185.3 (7.8–615.7) pg/ml vs 385.5 (7.8–1002) pg/ml; p&lt;0.05). In contrast, no relationship was observed between serum vD and BAL LL-37. As this molecule is known to be highly sensitive to proteolysis, we considered the possibility that degradation could be masking an effect of vD on LL-37 expression. However, no inverse relationship with neutrophil elastase or MMP-9 was found to support this hypothesis. Children with CF are at risk of low vD levels even if they are clinically pancreatic sufficient or if vitamin supplements are being prescribed. vD deficiency is associated with low levels of antimicrobial defence molecules within the airway. Whether this is a clinically important phenomenon leading to susceptibility to infection and increased inflammation will be the focus of future work.
Prognostic Impact of KRAS Mutation Subtypes in 677 Patients with Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Helena A. Yu, Camelia S. Sima, Ronglai Shen, Samantha Kass, Justin Gainor, Alice Shaw, Megan Hames, Wade Iams, Jonathan Aston, Christine M. Lovly, Leora Horn, Christine Lydon, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Mark G. Kris, Marc Ladanyi, Gregory J. Riely
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Anesthesia and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Stanley I. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1987)

It was fortuitous that Dr Gelman's book<i>Anesthesia and Organ Transplantation</i>reached me as I prepared to give anesthesia to my first renal transplant recipient. As Dr Gelman states in the preface, "... growth in knowledge and experience in organ transplantation is so explosive that in the near future almost every center, large and small, will undoubtedly be involved in the transplantation of at least one organ on a regular basis." It was another well-known doctor, Samuel Johnson, who wrote, "Knowledge is of two kinds, we know the subject ourselves or we know where we can find the information." Dr Gelman and his colleagues are to be congratulated on providing us with all the relevant information. For the anesthesiologist faced with a first organ transplant to the one who is a veteran of multiple transplant surgeries, this text contains much useful and informative data. The book is well laid out. The
Academic Year-End Transfers of Outpatients From Outgoing to Incoming Residents
Authors: John Q. Young, Robert M. Wachter
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Acetazolamide on Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Stanley A. Forwand, Milton Landowne, John N. Follansbee, James E. Hansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Abstract The influence of acetazolamide on acute mountain sickness was tested in a double-blind study of forty-three volunteers given acetazolamide or placebo, 250 mg every eight hours, for 32 hours before and 40 hours after abrupt transportation from sea level to 12,800 feet. In response to hypoxia, control subjects hyperventilated and developed mild respiratory alkalosis with increased blood pH and reduced carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate within eight hours after arrival at altitude. These changes persisted over the five days of the study. Alkalosis was prevented in the acetazolamide-treated group, with a greater increase in ventilation and alveolar oxygen tension and a greater decrease in carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate than in controls. Significant reductions in frequency and severity of the most prominent symptoms of acute mountain sickness — headache, insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms — were observed in treated subjects. In control subjects, occurrence and severity of symptoms corr...