tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of inhaled nitric oxide in pediatric asthma.
Authors: K D Pfeffer, G Ellison, D Robertson, R W Day
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) appears to play an important role in regulating several biologic functions in the lung, including modulation of pulmonary arterial and bronchial smooth muscle tone. Recent studies have shown that relatively high concentrations of inhaled NO reduce the bronchoconstrictor effect of methacholine in animal models. This raises the possibility that NO inhalation might have therapeutic potential as an alternative bronchodilator. Although investigation of this potential in adults with airway reactivity or bronchial asthma has been reported, data are lacking on the role of NO in the pediatric asthma population. We therefore performed spirometry on 12 children with asthma (mean age 11.1 yrs) at baseline (B), immediately after inhaling 40 ppm NO (NO-1), 10 min after inhaling NO (NO-10), and after inhalation of a standard beta 2-agonist, albuterol (A). Baseline pulmonary functions (% predicted +/- SEM) were FVC of 103.2 +/- 5.6, FEV1 of 82.2 +/- 3.3, FEF-max of 97.0 +/- 3.6, and FEF25-75% of 53.5 +/- 3.3. There were no statistically significant differences between baseline and NO-1 or NO-10 between any of the four pulmonary function parameters measured. Inhaled albuterol, however, resulted in significant improvement (% predicted +/- SEM) in FVC to 109.8 +/- 3.5, FEV1 to 99.7 +/- 2.9, FEFmax to 106.5 +/- 5.1, and FEF25-75% to 84.4 +/- 6.4 compared with the baseline and NO inhalation groups. We conclude that NO inhaled at 40 ppm has no apparent bronchodilatory effect in pediatric subjects with asthma and mild airways disease. The clinical application of this gas as a therapeutic modality under these conditions is questionable.
Clinical Perspectives on Seabather's Eruption, Also Known as 'Sea Lice'
Authors: Robert S. Tomchik
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Seabather's eruption is usually a benign clinical syndrome that resolves spontaneously, although severe symptoms and long-term sequelae have been identified. Recent research has implicated the larvae of a jellyfish,<i>Linuche unguiculata</i>, as the cause of this syndrome; confirmation by serological and experimental studies is pending. Clinical signs and symptoms are consistent with this etiology. Outbreaks occur when jellyfish larvae are transported to shore by ocean currents. Treatment is symptomatic and involves use of antihistamines and steroids. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1669-1672)
Clinical Course of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Marco Cattaneo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Clinical Course of Deep Venous ThrombosisMarco Cattaneo, MD and Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, MDMarco Cattaneo, MDUniversity of Milano, Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this author and Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, MDUniversity of Milano, Milano, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent article on the long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis, Prandoni and colleagues [1] found a strong association between ipsilateral recurrent deep venous thrombosis and the post-thrombotic syndrome. The authors concluded that “because recurrent venous thrombosis strongly predicted the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome, the prevention of recurrent deep venous thrombosis might be a key to decreasing the incidence of this condition.” We do not believe that the authors' data allow this conclusion. The study shows only an association between the two conditions and does not provide information on the temporal relation.Common ...REFERENCE1. Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Cogo A, Cuppini S, Villalta S, Carta M, et al. The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:1-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Milano, Milano, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 743KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisVeins Issue Published: 1 May 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Simple Substitute for Kuhn's Aspiration Mask
Authors: T. W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me to vouchsafe a bit of valuable information for the benefit of your readers in regard to Kuhn's aspiration mask. It may not be generally known that all the beneficial results of the mask can be secured in a much simpler manner by using a section of a small catheter, about No. 16F, or a straw or quill to draw the breath through, thus retarding inhalation quite as effectually as by use of the cumbersome mask; but such is the case. The only benefit of the mask is to insure a deep, full inspiration of air slowly and gradually, holding it a few seconds and then its sudden expiration, which, as you remark (The Journal, Feb. 22, 1913, p. 632), produces negative compression of the lungs, sucking the blood from the right chamber of the heart into the lungs. When the heart is weakened and tired
After Long Delay, Federal Regulations for Enforcing Nursing Home Standards May Be Issued This Year
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MORE THAN 5 years after nursing home reform legislation was signed into law, nursing home residents and their families are still waiting for the adoption of federal rules to enforce the new standards. Advocates for nursing home residents are blaming massive lobbying efforts by the nursing home industry for the long delay and for ongoing attempts to seriously weaken the congressionally mandated reform. Industry representatives, however, argue that the proposed enforcement regulations are flawed. The nursing home reform provisions of the Ominbus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA 87), which became effective October 1,1990, called for comprehensive revision of federal requirements for long-term care facilities that participate in Medicare and Medicaid programs. While most of the standards mandated by the law were established by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) when it published its final rules (<i>Federal Register</i>, September 26,1991), regulations for surveying and enforcing the standards
Response of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems to saline infusion and upright posture.
Authors: P Y Wong, R C Talamo, G H Williams, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The possibility that bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, might be a physiological antagonist of the renin-angiotensin system was investigated. 11 norman subjects, ranging in age from 21 to 33 yr were studied. Seven of the subjects were given a 10 meq sodium, 100 meq potassium, 2500 ml isocaloric diet. After metabolic balance was achieved, they were infused with either 1 liter of 5 per cent glucose over 2 h or 2 liters of 0.9 per cent saline over 4 h. During the infusions, plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (A II), prekallikrein, bradykinin, and aldosterone levels were frequently determined. Plasma prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor did not change during the infusion of either glucose or saline. In subjects receiving saline, plasma bradykinin fell from 3.9 plus or minus 1.5 (SEM) ng/ml at 0 min to 0.93 plus or minus 0.2 at 30 min and 0.95 plus or minus 0.3 at 120 min. These changes paralleled the decrease in PRA over the same period (7.9 plus or minus 1.3 ng/ml/h to 5.6 plus or minus 0.8 at 30 min and 3.5 plus or minus 0.7 at 120 min). Similarly, A II fell from 113 plus or minus 12 pg/ml to 62 plus or minus 10 and 48 plus or minus 5, respectively, at 30 and 120 min. In contrast, the control group infused with glucose showed no change in bradykinin, A II, or PRA. Another four subjects were given a constant 200 meq sodium/100 meq potassium isocaloric diet. After metabolic balance was achieved, they were kept supine and fasting overnight. At 9 a.m. they assumed an upright position and began walking a fixed distance (200 ft) at a normal rate (3-4 ft/s). Plasma prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor did not change during the posture study. The plasma bradykinin rose from a base line of 0.54 plus or minus 0.01 (SEM) ng/ml to 0.96 plus or minus 0.13 at 20 min. 0.77 plus or minus 0.18 at 60 min, and 0.96 plus or minus 0.07 at 120 min. These changes parallel the increase in PRA over the same period (1.65 plus or minus 3.3 ng/ml/h to 3.6 plus or minus 0.85 at 20 min, 5.3 plus or minus 0.9 at 60 min, and 5.35 plus or minus 0.55 at 120 min). Likewise, the A II rose from 32.5 plus or minus 1.82 pg/ml to 50.8 plus or minus 3.6 at 20 min, 54.3 plus or minus 3.2 at 60 min, and 61.3 plus or minus 5.9 at 120 min. Thus, in sodium-depleted individuals, saline infusion produces a rapid fall of plasma bradykinin at a rate similar to that observed for a II and PRA. Conversely, in sodium-loaded individuals, assumption of upright posture leads to a parallel rise in A II, TPRA, and bradykinin. These studies indicate that there is a close correlation of bradykinin levels with renin activity and angiotensin II, in both acute sodium loading and assumption of upright posture, suggesting that these two systems may be physiologically interrelated.
Necroptosis Drives Motor Neuron Death in Models of Both Sporadic and Familial ALS
Authors: Diane B. Re, Virginia Le Verche, Changhao Yu, Mackenzie W. Amoroso, Kristin A. Politi, Sudarshan Phani, Burcin Ikiz, Lucas Hoffmann, Martijn Koolen, Tetsuya Nagata, Dimitra Papadimitriou, Peter Nagy, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, Shingo Kariya, Hynek Wichterle, Christopher E. Henderson, Serge Przedborski
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Devolving health services to Spain's autonomous regions
Authors: D. Reverte-Cejudo, M. Sanchez-Bayle
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorials by Leys and Diderichsen 

The 1978 Spanish constitution laid down the rights of all Spaniards to health and to health care. It also established regional governments and a process of profound political decentralisation. Seventeen autonomous regions were formed, with sizes ranging from 5045 km2 in La Rioja to 87 500 km2 in Andalusia, populations ranging from 263 644 in La Rioja to 7 238 459 in Andalusia (1998 census figures), and population density ranging from 21.6/km2in Castille-La Mancha to 634 200/km2 in Madrid. Each region has its own cultural, socioeconomic, and historical identity and some regions (Catalonia, the Basque country, and Galicia) have their own languages.



Devolution has been more rapid in some regions than others



#### Summary points

In 1981, Spain began a process of decentralisation of the management of health services to its 17 autonomous regions; by 1995 seven autonomous regions (covering 62% of the population) had taken over health care provision

Although devolution may bring control of health services closer to the people who use them, it can lead to differing health policies between regions

Methods used to allocate resources for health services have not yet improved, so inequalities in resource allocation between regions continue

Devolution can also lead to an increase in bureaucracy, …
Asthma and Rhinitis in Office Buildings Workers and Exposure to Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and Formaldehyde
Authors: J.L.M. Rios, J.L. Boechat, M.C.K. Ramos, R.R. Luiz, F. R. Aquino Neto, J.R. Lapa e Silva
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Pat Troop-Chief Executive of the UK Health Protection Agency
Authors: Pam Das
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2003)

Patricia Ann Troop graduated in medicine from Manchester University, UK, in 1971. Her early career was in clinical medicine and she has worked as a public health professional since 1975, both in the north west of England and with the Cambridge health authority, where she was Director of Public Health from 1988 to 1990, and Chief Executive from 1991 to 1993. She has an MSc in community medicine, and as well as being a fellow in the faculty of public health she is a fellow of the UK Royal College of Physicians.
Teams vie in synthetic production of human growth hormone
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Hypopituitary children throughout the world soon may have a better chance for normal growth, thanks to the synthesis of human somatotropin or growth hormone (HGH) by two groups of genetic engineers. Almost simultaneously, the two groups—one headed by John D. Baxter, MD, and Howard Goodman, MD, at the University of California-San Francisco's Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the other directed by senior scientists David Goeddel, PhD, and Peter Seeburg, PhD, at Genentech, Inc, in South San Francisco—announced that they had produced HGH in bacterial cells using recombinant DNA technology. Each group believes its achievement is unique. The Genentech group used synthetic DNA fragments provided by Keiichi Itakura, PhD, and associates of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, Calif. They joined the fragments enzymatically, forming a single DNA segment that contained the genetic code for approximately 12% of the HGH polypeptide. Subsequently, they converted messenger RNA for HGH (extracted
Role of p53 as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis
Authors: E. Steels, M. Paesmans, T. Berghmans, F. Branle, F. Lemaitre, C. Mascaux, A.P. Meert, F. Vallot, J.J. Lafitte, J.P. Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The role of p53, as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer, is controversial and the purpose of the present systematic review of the literature is to determine this effect. Published studies were identified with the objective to aggregate the available survival results after a methodological assessment using a scale specifically designed by the European Lung Cancer Working Party (ELCWP). To be eligible, a study had to deal with p53 assessment in lung cancer (primary site) only, and to provide a survival comparison according to the p53 status. Among the 74 eligible papers, 30 identified p53 abnormalities as a univariate statistically significant poor prognostic factor and 56 provided sufficient data to allow survival results aggregation. There was no significant difference between the trials that either showed or did not show a prognostic effect of p53 according to the methodological score or to the laboratory technique used. The studies were categorized by histology, disease stage, treatment and laboratory technique. Combined hazard ratios suggested that an abnormal p53 status had an unfavourable impact on survival: in any stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the mean (95% confidence interval) was 1.44 (1.20–1.72) (number of studies included in the subgroup was 11), 1.50 (1.32–1.70) in stages I–II NSCLC (n=19), 1.68 (1.23–2.29) in stages I–IIIB NSCLC (n=5), 1.68 (1.30–2.18) in stages III–IV NSCLC (n=9), 1.48 (1.29–1.70) in surgically resected NSCLC (n=20), 1.37 (1.02–1.85) in squamous cell carcinoma (n=9), 2.24 (1.70–2.95) in adenocarcinoma (n=9), 1.57 (1.28–1.91) for a positive immunohistochemistry with antibody 1801 (n=8), 1.25 (1.09–1.43) for a positive immunohistochemistry with antibody DO-;7 (n=16), and 1.65 (1.35–2.00) for an abnormal molecular biology test (n=13). Data were insufficient to determine the prognostic value of p53 in small cell lung cancer. In each subgroup of nonsmall cell lung cancer, p53 abnormal status was shown to be associated with a poorer survival prognosis.
Corrigendum to “Prolonged Susceptibility to Antibody-mediated Neutralization for Adeno-associated Vectors Targeted to the Liver”
Authors: Samuel L Murphy, Hojun Li, Shangzhen Zhou, Alexander Schlachterman, Katherine A High
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Molecular Therapy (2007) published online 8 January 2008; doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300386 Following the publication of this article, the authors noted that Dr. High's middle initial was omitted. The complete and correct author line should have read “Samuel L Murphy, Hojun Li, Shangzhen Zhou, Alexander Schlachterman and Katherine A. High”.
Localised Outbreaks of Diphtheria
Authors: W. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (1879)

<h3>Objectives</h3> We evaluated the correlation between posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysm rupture and morphological and hemodynamic parameters to assess related rupture risk indices. <h3>Methods</h3> Six patients with PcomA aneurysms that ultimately ruptured (cases) were studied after initially being included in a prospective database including their three-dimensional (3D) imaging before rupture. For each case, four incidental stable unruptured aneurysms (controls) were randomly selected and matched based on clinical factors. The 3D images from all patients were reconstructed to establish the patient-specific model. Six morphologic parameters and three hemodynamic parameters were measured and calculated. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess the individual risk of rupture. <h3>Results</h3> The analysis demonstrated a larger aneurysm size (p=0.001), higher aspect ratio (p=0.018), ellipticity index (p&lt;0.001), undulation index (p=0.005), percentage of low wall shear stress (WSS) area (LSA%) (p=0.010), and a lower normalized WSS (p=0.005) in the case group. The multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only normalized WSS was significantly associated with the rupture of PcomA aneurysms (OR 0.151; 95% CI 0.025 to 0.914; p=0.040). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hemodynamics and morphology are closely associated with aneurysm rupture, and WSS may be a more reliable parameter characterizing the rupture status of PcomA aneurysms.
Should Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Be Used in Routine Clinical Practice?
Authors: Manish S. Bhandari, Juanita Crook, Maha Hussain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

For several decades, androgen deprivation (AD) has been the mainstay for treating metastatic prostate cancer. AD can be attained by a variety of means; however, irrespective of modality and a gratifying initial high response rate, almost all patients advance to a state of androgen independence and ultimately a hormone-refractory state. Improved understanding of the biology and mechanisms of progression to androgen independence coupled with promising preclinical data have led to investigating intermittent AD (IAD) as a way of improving disease control while maintaining quality of life. Preliminary published clinical experience, mostly from uncontrolled trials, suggests the feasibility of this approach. Two ongoing cooperative-group phase III trials are evaluating the survival impact of IAD both in patients with metastatic disease and in those with prostate-specific antigen failure post-radiation therapy. There are several unanswered questions regarding this approach, and until more definitive data regarding its safety and impact on survival are available, IAD should be considered experimental. In this review, we detail the background and preclinical scientific rational for investigating IAD, and we review published clinical experience and describe the ongoing phase III clinical trials. We also discuss special considerations for using IAD outside the context of a clinical trial.
Knee Buckling: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associated Limitations in Function
Authors: David T. Felson, Jingbo Niu, Christine McClennan, Burton Sack, Piran Aliabadi, David J. Hunter, Ali Guermazi, Martin Englund
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Knee buckling is common in persons with advanced knee osteoarthritis and after orthopedic procedures. Its prevalence in the community is unknown. Objective: To examine the prevalence of knee buckling in the community, its associated risk factors, and its relation to functional limitation. Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Setting: The Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Participants: 2351 men and women age 36 to 94 years (median, 63.5 years). Measurements: Participants were asked whether they had experienced knee buckling or "giving way" and whether it led to falling. They were also asked about knee pain and limitations in function by using the Short Form-12 and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, had isometric tests of quadriceps strength, and underwent weight-bearing radiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Radiographs were scored for osteoarthritis by using the Kellgren–Lawrence scale, and magnetic resonance images were read for anterior cruciate ligament tears. The relationship of buckling to functional limitation was examined by using logistic regression that adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and knee pain severity. Results: Two hundred seventy-eight participants (11.8%) experienced at least 1 episode of knee buckling within the past 3 months; of these persons, 217 (78.1%) experienced more than 1 episode and 35 (12.6%) fell during an episode. Buckling was independently associated with the presence of knee pain and with quadriceps weakness. Over half of those with buckling had no osteoarthritis on radiography. Persons with knee buckling had worse physical function than those without buckling, even after adjustment for severity of knee pain and weakness. For example, 46.9% of participants with buckling and 21.7% of those without buckling reported limitations in their work (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.7]). Limitation: Causal inferences are limited because of the study's cross-sectional design. Conclusion: In adults, knee buckling is common and is associated with functional loss.
A Lecture ON JEJUNAL AND GASTRO-JEJUNAL ULCERS: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic, London
Authors: A. W. Mayo-Robson
Journal: BMJ (1912)

GENTLEMEN I lhave selected this subiject for tllree reasonis -first, because I lhave lhad conisiderable experience of jejuilnal and gastro-jejunal ulcers; secondly, because I consider that the disease occuirs miuch maore frequently as a sequel of gastro-enterostomv thaln the profession is quite willing to acknowledge; and, thirdly, because I have certain suggestions to niake both with regard to prevention alnd treatment.My operative experience extends to seveni cases, some of which lhave followed operations that I lhave myself per- formied, and otbers lhave followed on operations performed by emyiinent surgeons, whose technique, according to our present ideas, is beyond reproacl.Gastro-enterostoim1y-ani operationi +-%icih caln be per- formed with an operative risk of 1 or und(ler 1 per cent. is onie of the most useful in -urgery, w-%hen performed on suaitable cases.B3'ut tlhe f.ct that certain miietlhods or refiniemiients of tecliiiitiue afford safeguar-ds against nearly all tllc dangers of the operation, does Inot of necessity slhow that uniifav-oultable sequelae miay niot ar'ise in some otlher wiay, and that the dalgers, wlichl do not miialke tlhei
Re: Jason A. Efstathiou, Daphna Y. Spiegel, William U. Shipley, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of Selective Bladder Preservation by Combined-Modality Therapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer: The MGH Experience. Eur Urol 2012;61:705–11
Authors: Neeraj Kumar Goyal, Manish Garg, Apul Goel
Journal: European Urology (2012)