tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF ANTIMONY IN THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA
Authors: G. C. Low, H. B. Newham
Journal: BMJ (1917)

___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA JO_ __ XX evacuated as far as possible; the cavity w-as flhen lhyper- (listended witlh a saturated solution of boric acid andl again- evactuated, the process beinig repeatedc until the fluid came away free from pus.I was mucll impressed by olne of Ihis cases (pelvic abscess followving on confinemiient) which was cured in about tendays.I have had muaiy suecessful cases since -in treating deep-seated abscess in this manner, and the muethlod I hlave described for treating infected knee- joints-is only another application of it.
Control of Intestinal Homeostasis, Colitis, and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by the Inflammatory Caspases
Authors: Jeremy Dupaul-Chicoine, Garabet Yeretssian, Karine Doiron, Kirk S.B. Bergstrom, Christian R. McIntire, Philippe M. LeBlanc, Charles Meunier, Claire Turbide, Philippe Gros, Nicole Beauchemin, Bruce A. Vallance, Maya Saleh
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Direct Evidence for Increased Hydroxyl Radicals Originating From Superoxide in the Failing Myocardium
Authors: Tomomi Ide, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Shintaro Kinugawa, Nobuhiro Suematsu, Shunji Hayashidani, Kazuhiro Ichikawa, Hideo Utsumi, Youji Machida, Kensuke Egashira, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Experimental and clinical studies have suggested an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the failing myocardium. The present study aimed to obtain direct evidence for increased ROS and to determine the contribution of superoxide anion (·O 2 − ), H 2 O 2 , and hydroxy radical (·OH) in failing myocardial tissue. Heart failure was produced in adult mongrel dogs by rapid ventricular pacing at 240 bpm for 4 weeks. To assess the production of ROS directly, freeze-clamped myocardial tissue homogenates were reacted with the nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-piperidine- N -oxyl, and its spin signals were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The rate of electron spin resonance signal decay, proportional to ·OH level, was significantly increased in heart failure, which was inhibited by the addition of dimethylthiourea (·OH scavenger) into the reaction mixture. Increased ·OH in the failing heart was abolished to the same extent in the presence of desferrioxamine (iron chelator), catalase (H 2 O 2 scavenger), and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid (Tiron; LaMotte) (·O 2 − scavenger), indicating that ·OH originated from H 2 O 2 and ·O 2 − . Further, ·O 2 − produced in normal myocardium in the presence of antimycin A (mitochondrial complex III inhibitor) could reproduce the increase of H 2 O 2 and ·OH seen in the failing tissue. There was a significant positive relation between myocardial ROS level and left ventricular contractile dysfunction. In conclusion, in the failing myocardium, ·OH was produced as a reactive product of ·O 2 − and H 2 O 2 , which might play an important role in left ventricular failure.
An injury in a child's elbow
Authors: N. Al-Hadithy, S. C. Mordecai, M. C. Papanna
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An 8 year old, right hand dominant schoolgirl was playing on the climbing frame at school and had a fall from a height of 2 m. She fell on her outstretched left hand and immediately complained of pain in her left elbow. She was unable to move her elbow and was brought to hospital for further assessment. On examination, there was a swelling of her elbow, and she was unable to flex or extend her elbow. However, she was able to supinate and pronate her hand but this was limited, owing to pain in her elbow. Her radial pulse was thready, but the hand was warm and well perfused with a capillary refill of less than 2 seconds. Sensory deficit was not reliably established. We obtained an anterior-posterior and lateral radiograph of her elbow (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).







### 1 What is the diagnosis, and what sign should you look for if in doubt?

#### Short answer

Displaced supracondylar fracture; a visible fat pad (posterior) (fig 3⇓) indicates an undisplaced fracture.



Fig 3 A visible posterior fat pad



#### Long answer

Supracondylar fractures are among the commonest fractures in children and occur in the distal humerus just above the epicondyles. It typically remains extra-articular.

In a displaced fracture, the diagnosis is usually obvious on plane radiographs. If, however, the fracture is undisplaced, the diagnosis is often more difficult, and the “posterior fat pad” may be of diagnostic value. The fat pads are small masses of fat within the fibres of the joint capsule and are therefore intracapsular …
Paradoxical dynamic interaction of heart period and vagal activity on atrioventricular conduction in the dog.
Authors: P Martin
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The dynamic interaction of simultaneously changing heart period and single vagal stimuli on atrioventricular conduction (AV interval) was quantified by subtracting the vagally induced responses of the paced heart preparation from those of the unpaced heart preparation. This difference was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the AV responses to changes in heart period (delta A) alone without vagal stimulation (using the identical delta AA recorded from the unpaced heart in the same preparation, but with a crushed sinoatrial node). That is, for a given increase in AA interval, the AV conduction time was considerably less when the change in AA was associated with increased vagal activity than in the absence of any vagal activity. Data from some dogs in which a complete AV block was produced for both paced and unpaced hearts suggested that one mechanism of the paradoxical response was located in AV nodal tissue. Data from other dogs, in which two surface atrial recording sites were used, indicated that shifts of pacemaker site and atrial activation patterns also are an important mechanism of the paradoxical response. The relative contribution of these two mechanisms is not fixed, but can vary considerably from animal to animal.
A Sudden Decline in Ampicillin Resistance in Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Charles E. Cherubin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Starting in 1975, an abrupt decline in ampicillin resistance of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>(the most common and antibiotic-resistant serotype) occurred in New York City. The present lower rate of 5% to 7.9% at our hospitals represents a return to the 1965 level. At the same time, the ampicillin resistance in<i>S typhimurium</i>from calves and other farm animals from upper New York State, which has been rising since 1972, has reached 75%. Substantial differences between levels of resistance in<i>Escherichia coli</i>from animals and humans were also noted. The divergence of the trends in S<i>typhimurium</i>from these two sources in New York State suggests a substantial degree of separation of the respective reservoirs of<i>Salmonella</i>and of antibiotic resistance. (<i>JAMA</i>242:439-442, 1980)
Extrahepatic C6 is as effective as hepatic C6 in the generation of renal C5b-9 complexes
Authors: Janneke J. Timmerman, Mieneke G.A. van Dixhoorn, Edo O. Schraa, Daniëlle J. van Gijlswijk-Janssen, Yvonne Muizert, Leendert A. Van Es, Mohamed R. Daha
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis. Report of 31 patients, review of the literature, and delineation of management.
Authors: N M Katz, M J Buckley, R R Liberthson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The presentation, management, and follow-up of 31 patients with discrete membranous subaortic stenosis (DMSS) is presented. DMSS comprised 16% of 185 patients with congenital left ventricular (LV) obstruction. Only one patient was older than 40 years. The rarity of DMSS in older patients in both our population and in the literature is noted, and possible explanations are discussed. One-quarter of these patients had dyspnea, chest pain, or syncope combined with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and strain, and these all had peak LV outflow gradients (PSG) greater than 85 mm Hg. One-quarter had neither symptoms nor electrocardiographic abnormalities and all had PSG less than 90 mm Hg. Bacterial endocarditis was found in 13%, and in 13% an immediate family member also had congenital LV obstruction. Following surgical resection (25 patients), 18 were asymptomatic, two had residual fibromuscular obstruction, and four developed new fibromuscular obstruction after from one to six years (leading in one to late sudden death). Thus, even after resection, these patients require continued re-evaluation for residual or new LV obstruction.
Anthropodermic Bibliopegy
Authors: Navya S. Nambudiri, Vinod E. Nambudiri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Single extra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel to induce mid-trimester abortion.
Authors: I Z Mackenzie, K Hillier, M P Embrey
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a preliminary study a single extra-amniotic injection of 1.5 mg of prostaglandin E-2 incorporated into an aqueous viscous gel was given to 24 patients aborted within 24 hours, and the mean induction-abortion interval (plus or minus S.E. of mean) was 13.5 plus or minus 1.5 hours. Vomiting occurred in seven patients, and transient severe uterine cramps, pallor, nausea, and shivering occurred in one patient immediately after injection. Complete abortion occurred in 20patients. A delay in the time taken to abort seemed to be associated with an immediate and rapid rise in uterine tone after the injection which required prompt analgesia; this probably reflected rapid decidual absorption and dissolution of the prostaglandins away from their site of action. The degree of distention of the catheter-retaining balloon did not influence abortion times.
Defenestration of the sinusoidal endothelial cell in a rat model of cirrhosis
Authors: Takashi Mori, Takeshi Okanoue, Yoshihiko Sawa, Naoki Hori, Masaharu Ohta, Keizo Kagawa
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We characterized the structural and immunohistological changes of sinusoidal endothelial cells that occur during cirrhosis in rats made cirrhotic with thioacetamide. Thioacetamide (200 mg/kg body wt) was injected intraperitoneally three times a week into male Wistar rats. Two, 4, 6 and 12 wk later, rat livers were observed under transmission and scanning electron microscopy and regular microscopy and immunostained with laminin and von Willebrand factor (factor VIII-related antigen) antibodies. The diameters and numbers of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations did not change significantly after 2 wk in the thioacetamide-treated rats; however, they decreased within 4 wk after thioacetamide treatment. A basement membranelike structure in Disse's space was noted 6 wk after thioacetamide treatment. Laminin was detected in Disse's space after 4 wk. In vitro , in cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells, the diameter of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrations was significantly lower at 6 wk in thioacetamide-treated rats. von Willebrand factor was detected in the cytoplasm as granular fluorescence after 6 wk of thioacetamide treatment. These results suggest that as fibrosis develops in cirrhosis, the structural and immunohistochemical characteristics of sinusoidal endothelial cells change. (Hepatology 1993;17:891-897.)
Can we prevent allergy?
Authors: C. Gore, A. Custovic
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Allergic conditions continue to increase steeply. The last two decades have seen many prevention trials, studying the effect of dietary and environmental interventions. These trials have yielded invaluable information about the atopic march and also highlighted the need for a clear and commonly used nomenclature as well as a need for better outcome measures. This review discusses primary and secondary prevention studies and their results.
1170 GENETIC VARIATION NEAR THE INTERLEUKIN 28B GENE AND HEPATIC STEATOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: S. Nakamoto, F. Imazeki, T. Kanda, S. Wu, A. Tawada, M. Arai, K. Fujiwara, K. Saito, H. Shirasawa, O. Yokosuka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The Diagnosis of the Site of Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage in Patients with Established Portal Hypertension
Authors: C. Mitchell, D. Jewell
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Seventy-five endoscopies were performed in 60 patients known to have oesophageal varices presenting with further upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage during the previous 72 hours. A site of active bleeding was found at 50 of 75 examinations (67 percent) including all 21 patients endoscoped within three hours of the last haemorrhage. Variceal bleeding alone was seen in 40 of these 50 examinations (80%) and both varices and mucosal lesions were bleeding in 4 patients; mucosal lesions were an uncommon cause of haemorrhage and only 6 patients were bleeding from these alone. The adult GIF-D2 endoscope was used for 45 examinations. Variceal bleeding was restarted on three occasions and prolonged unconsciousness induced by intravenous diazepam in one patient. In contrast, the paediatric GIF-P endoscope (30 examinations) was easily tolerated with little or no sedation, did not impair diagnostic accuracy and was not associated with any complications.
Reforming the coroner's service
Authors: C. M Milroy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Major necessary reforms would mean an integrated service and more medical input 

A review of the coroner's service in England and Wales and Northern Ireland was published in June 2003.1 This was followed on 14 July by the Shipman inquiry report of Dame Janet Smith, which dealt with the role of coroners.2 Dame Janet Smith also commented on the review. The coroner is central to death investigation in the English legal system, and implementation of these proposals will result in major changes. The current system is fragmented, legalistic, and inadequately funded. The coroner was exported to many Commonwealth countries. In the United States and Canada, many states and provinces have abolished the coroner's system, replacing it with a medical examiner's system. Other systems have been modernised, notably in Ontario, Canada, and Victoria, Australia.

Both the review and the judicial inquiry recommend a full time service. The review recommends that all coroners should be legally qualified (some are currently medically qualified) with a reduction to 60 full time jurisdictions. Overall responsibility …
Application of a Diabetes Managed Care Program: The feasibility of using nurses and a computer system to provide effective care
Authors: Anne L Peters, Mayer B Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Treatment of patients with diabetes often falls short of recommended process and outcome guidelines. To improve the quality of the provided diabetes care, a program (the Comprehensive Diabetes Care Service [CDCS]) using a computerizing tracking and recall system in conjunction with nurses following protocols was implemented in a managed care setting. The impact of this program was studied and compared to the care provided to patients in another managed care setting.Patients followed in the CDCS who completed a diabetes education course were compared with patients followed in a group model health maintenance organization (GMH) who also completed a diabetes education course. CDCS patients received routine care in the program. GMH patients came to the CDCS yearly to have a diabetes evaluation. A chart review was also performed on their GMH outpatient records.Initial HbA1c levels were higher in the CDCS group than in the GMH group (median of 11.9 vs. 10.0%). In the CDCS patients, HbA1c levels not only fell significantly but were also significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the GMH patients during the 2nd and 3rd year of follow-up care. There were no significant changes in HbA1c levels in the GMH patients. When CDCS patients were divided into compliant and noncompliant patients, the median HbA1c levels in compliant patients was 8.2%, compared with 11.5% in the noncompliant group. The CDCS patients who needed treatment for hypercholesterolemia were more likely to have a lowering of their cholesterol levels than the GMH patients. All process measures, such as yearly measurement of HbA1c levels, lipid levels, and foot and retinal exams, occurred much more frequently in the CDCS patients.The system developed and implemented for managing diabetes improved both outcome and process measures. The comparison group, followed at another managed care setting, received the care consistent with the average (suboptimal) quality of care provided to patients with diabetes in the U.S. Therefore, by using innovative systems of management, the treatment of patients with diabetes can be greatly improved.
Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy-Reply
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Dr Liebson and colleagues criticized that TOMHS 1 was not included in our meta-analysis on reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. The primary goal of the meta-analysis was  determine the ability of various antihypertensive agents to reduce left ventricular hypertrophy. In the TOMHS trial, nutritional-hygienic treatment was compared with a combination of drug treatment and nutritional-hygienic intervention. Therefore, it seems impossible to separate the effect of antihypertensive agents per se from the effects of the intensive nonpharmacological intervention plus drug therapy, since interactions between the 2 therapeutic strategies most likely occurred. For instance, nonpharmacological intervention, including restriction of dietary salt intake and reduction of overweight in combination with a diuretic, resulted in a more marked decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter than with other antihypertensive drugs (-0.7 mm vs -0.3 mm; P  1 Whether the effect of the diuretic was attenuated or potentiated by the nonpharmacological
Bayesian analysis versus discriminant function analysis: their relative utility in the diagnosis of coronary disease.
Authors: R Detrano, J Leatherman, E E Salcedo, J Yiannikas, G Williams
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Both Bayesian analysis assuming independence and discriminant function analysis have been used to estimate probabilities of coronary disease. To compare their relative accuracy, we submitted 303 subjects referred for coronary angiography to stress electrocardiography, thallium scintigraphy, and cine fluoroscopy. Severe angiographic disease was defined as at least one greater than 50% occlusion of a major vessel. Four calculations were done: (1) Bayesian analysis using literature estimates of pretest probabilities, sensitivities, and specificities was applied to the clinical and test data of a randomly selected subgroup (group I, 151 patients) to calculate posttest probabilities. (2) Bayesian analysis using literature estimates of pretest probabilities (but with sensitivities and specificities derived from the remaining 152 subjects [group II]) was applied to group I data to estimate posttest probabilities. (3) A discriminant function with logistic regression coefficients derived from the clinical and test variables of group II was used to calculate posttest probabilities of group I. (4) A discriminant function derived with the use of test results from group II and pretest probabilities from the literature was used to calculate posttest probabilities of group I. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that all four calculations could equivalently rank the disease probabilities for our patients. A goodness-of-fit analysis suggested the following relationship between the accuracies of the four calculations: (1) less than (2) approximately equal to (4) less than (3). Our results suggest that data-based discriminant functions are more accurate than literature-based Bayesian analysis assuming independence in predicting severe coronary disease based on clinical and noninvasive test results.
Comparison of high fibre diets, basal insulin supplements, and flexible insulin treatment for non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetics poorly controlled with sulphonylureas.
Authors: A. R. Scott, Y. Attenborough, I. Peacock, E. Fletcher, W. J. Jeffcoate, R. B. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1988)

OBJECTIVE--To compare high fibre diet, basal insulin supplements and a regimen of insulin four times daily in non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetic patients who were poorly controlled with sulphonylureas. DESIGN--Run in period lasting 2-3 months during which self monitoring of glucose concentration was taught, followed by six months on a high fibre diet, followed by six months9 treatment with insulin in those patients who did not respond to the high fibre diet. SETTING--Teaching hospital diabetic clinics. PATIENTS--33 patients who had had diabetes for at least two years and had haemoglobin A1 concentrations over 10% despite receiving nearly maximum doses of oral hypoglycaemic agents. No absolute indications for treatment with insulin. INTERVENTIONS--During the high fibre diet daily fibre intake was increased by a mean of 16 g (95% confidence interval 12 to 20 g.) Twenty five patients were then started on once daily insulin. After three months 14 patients were started on four injections of insulin daily. ENDPOINT--Control of diabetes (haemoglobin A1 concentration less than or equal to 10% and fasting plasma glucose concentration less than or equal to 6 mmol/l) or completion of six months on insulin treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS-- No change in weight, diet, or concentrations of fasting glucose or haemoglobin A1 occurred during run in period. During high fibre diet there were no changes in haemoglobin A1 concentrations, but mean fasting glucose concentrations rose by 1.7 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.9 to 2.5, p less than 0.01). With once daily insulin mean concentrations of fasting plasma glucose fell from 12.6 to 7.6 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) and haemoglobin A1 from 14.6% to 11.2% (p less than 0.001). With insulin four times daily concentrations of haemoglobin A1 fell from 11.5% to 9.6% (p less than 0.02). Lipid concentrations were unchanged by high fibre diet. In patients receiving insulin the mean cholesterol concentrations fell from 7.1 to 6.4 mmol/l (p less than 0.0001), high density lipoprotein concentrations rose from 1.1 to 1.29 mmol/l (p less than 0.01), and triglyceride concentrations fell from 2.67 to 1.86 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). Patients taking insulin gained weight and those taking it four times daily gained an average of 4.2 kg. CONCLUSIONS--High fibre diets worsen control of diabetes in patients who are poorly controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Maximum improvements in control of diabetes were achieved by taking insulin four times daily.