tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newborn Screening Bill
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pituitary abscess after autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Richard S. Leff, Roy L. Martino, W. James Pollock, William A. Knight
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The first case of pituitary abscess arising in a patient during recovery from autologous bone marrow transplantation is reported. A 31‐year‐old man with a 9 month history of T‐cell lymphoma died suddenly more than 60 days after successful treatment with high‐dose cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and autologous bone marrow infusion. Autopsy revealed a pituitary abscess associated with clinically silent sphenoid sinusitis. Unique aspects of this case are presented and clinical and pathologic features of pituitary abscess are reviewed. Although rare, pituitary abscess may complicate recovery from bone marrow transplantation.
The clastogenic potential of triazine herbicide combinations found in potable water supplies.
Authors: C Taets, S Aref, A L Rayburn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Pesticide contamination of drinking water supplies has increased over the past decade. A major concern is how exposure to combinations of low levels of pesticides, especially herbicides, could affect public health. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the clastogenic potential of herbicide interaction on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The cells were exposed to atrazine, simazine, cyanazine, and all possible combinations of these chemicals for 48 hr. Two concentrations were used for each sample: the U.S. EPA maximum contamination level (MCL) and the highest contamination level found in Illinois water supplies. Nuclei were isolated from the cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of clastogenicity were measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of the G1 peak of whole cells and the change in CV of the largest chromosome in the flow karyotype. At both levels tested, atrazine caused chromosomal damage to the CHO cells. Simazine was observed to induce whole-cell clastogenicity but not flow karyotype damage. Cyanazine did not induce any measurable chromosomal damage in either analysis. Each of the herbicides, although all three were triazines, had different effects with respect to chromosome damage as measured by flow cytometry. CHO cells treated with a combination of atrazine and simazine, or atrazine and cyanazine, were observed to have whole-cell and flow karyotype damage. This damage was, however, equal to or less severe than the damage caused by either atrazine or simazine alone. No synergy was observed. When all three herbicides were combined, three of the four possible combinations gave no observable clastogenic response.
Steroid receptors in early breast cancer.
Authors: P. S. Stonelake, P. R. Baker, P. G. Baker, J. M. Morrison, D. Spooner
Journal: BMJ (1992)

in in vitro fertilisation, but appreciable side effects are unlikely to be so rare.For instance, ovarian hyperstimulation is a known risk despite published advice that it should be preventable.'Adequate information about possible morbidity in assisted conception is not made readily available to potential patients, nor are the hazards apparently sufficiently acknowledged by those who deliver the treatments.Of course, the increasing success of fertility treatments is to be welcomed, but childless couples, in their desperate longing for babies, are only too ready to overlook the possible drawbacks.Fertility specialists therefore have a duty to present comprehensive information about not only the prospects of success but also the risks of assisted conception.
Should Volume Standards for Cardiovascular Surgery Focus Only on High-Risk Patients?
Authors: Philip P. Goodney, F.L. Lucas, John D. Birkmeyer
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Payers and policy makers are attempting to concentrate selected cardiovascular procedures in high-volume centers. A recent analysis of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), however, suggests that volume-based referral initiatives should focus only on high-risk patients. Methods and Results— Using the national Medicare database (1994 to 1999), we studied the operative mortality in patients undergoing 4 cardiovascular procedures (CABG, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, and elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair). We defined 2 categories of patient risk: high-risk (patients in the highest 25th percentile of predicted risk on the basis of a logistic regression model) and low-risk (patients in the lowest 75th percentile). We then compared operative mortality in patients undergoing surgery at very-high volume hospitals (VHVH, highest 20th percentile of procedure volume) and very-low volume hospitals (VLVH, lowest 20th percentile of procedure volume). Absolute differences in operative mortality between VLVH and VHVH were somewhat larger in high-risk patients. However, volume-related differences in mortality were also significant for low-risk patients undergoing one of the 4 procedures. In relative terms, the effect of hospital volume was similar in both high- and low-risk patients. For high- and low-risk patients, the relative risk (RR) of mortality between VHVH and VLVH were nearly equal for CABG (RR=0.78 for low-risk patients, RR=0.77 for high risk patients), aortic valve replacement (0.73 versus 0.76), mitral valve replacement (0.73 versus 0.74), and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (0.51 versus 0.54). Conclusions— Although the merits of volume-based referral initiatives can be debated on many grounds, there seems to be little rationale for restricting these initiatives to high-risk patients.
Transcatheter closure of post-infarct ventricular septal defects: Immediate and mid-term results of U.S. registry using the amplatzer post-infarct ventricular septal defect occluder
Authors: Ziyad M. Hijazi, David Balzer, Carlos Ruiz, Michael Vance, John Bass, Mary Heitschmidt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem-Cell Rescue for Metastatic Germ-Cell Tumors
Authors: Lawrence H. Einhorn, Stephen D. Williams, Amy Chamness, Mary J. Brames, Susan M. Perkins, Rafat Abonour
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Metastatic testicular tumors that have not been successfully treated by means of initial chemotherapy are potentially curable with salvage chemotherapy.We conducted a retrospective review of 184 consecutive patients with metastatic testicular cancer that had progressed after they received cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy. We gave 173 patients two consecutive courses of high-dose chemotherapy consisting of 700 mg of carboplatin per square meter of body-surface area and 750 mg of etoposide per square meter, each for 3 consecutive days, and each followed by an infusion of autologous peripheral-blood hematopoietic stem cells; the other 11 patients received a single course of this treatment. In 110 patients, cytoreduction with one or two courses of vinblastine plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin preceded the high-dose chemotherapy.Of the 184 patients, 116 had complete remission of disease without relapse during a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 14 to 118). Of the 135 patients who received the treatment as second-line therapy, 94 were disease-free during follow-up; 22 of 49 patients who received treatment as third-line or later therapy were disease-free. Of 40 patients with cancer that was refractory to standard-dose platinum, 18 were disease-free. A total of 98 of 144 patients who had platinum-sensitive disease were disease-free, and 26 of 35 patients with seminoma and 90 of 149 patients with nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors were disease-free. Among the 184 patients, there were three drug-related deaths during therapy. Acute leukemia developed in three additional patients after therapy.Testicular tumors are potentially curable by means of high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue, even when this regimen is used as third-line or later therapy or in patients with platinum-refractory disease.
Feasibility of Adequate Thrombolytic Therapy with Streptokinase in Peripheral Arterial Occlusions: I. Clinical and Arteriographic Results
Authors: M. Verstraete, A. Amery, J. Vermylen
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Convincing evidence of the efficacy of thrombolytic agents in man is scanty, although numerous studies related to this problem have been published during the last three years.Attracted by the fascinating work of Johnson on induced lysis of experimental thrombi in animals (Johnson and Tillett, 1952) and in man (Johnson and McCarty, 1959), we decided to embark on a con- trolled study of thrombolytic therapy in peripheral arteries occluded by spontaneous thrombi.
Chondrocalcinosis, osteophytes and osteoarthritis
Authors: K D Brandt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Association between OA and chondrocalcinosis An association between osteoarthritis (OA) and radiographic evidence of chondrocalcinosis (CC) has been recognised for years.Crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) may be found in
Pathogenesis of cBFL in common with IPF? Correlation of IP-10/TARC ratio with histological patterns
Authors: M Kishi, Y Miyazaki, T Jinta, H Furusawa, Y Ohtani, N Inase, Y Yoshizawa
Journal: Thorax (2008)

A Th1 predominant immune response has been shown in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Predominance of Th2 appears to favour the development of pulmonary fibrosis through the profibrotic process and has been described as crucial in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chronic bird fancier's lung (cBFL) can present with a histological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-like lesions. Little is known about the Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of cBFL.To evaluate the relevance of Th1-type chemokines (interferon-inducible protein, IP-10) and Th2-type chemokines (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) and their receptors (CXCR3 and CCR4) to the histological patterns of cBFL, 40 patients with cBFL who underwent surgical lung biopsies, 12 with acute BFL (aBFL) and 10 healthy volunteers were analysed. IP-10 and TARC levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry for CXCR3 and CCR4 was performed on surgical lung specimens.The ratio of TARC to IP-10 in the serum of patients with UIP-like lesions was significantly higher than in patients with cNSIP/OP-like lesions, aBFL and healthy volunteers. The ratio of CCR4 to CXCR3 in patients with UIP-like lesions was significantly higher than in those with cNSIP/OP-like lesions and fNSIP-like lesions. The ratio of CCR4-positive to CXCR3-positive cells correlated with the ratio of TARC to IP-10 in serum.A Th2 predominant immune response may play an important role in the development of UIP-like lesions, as already observed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A Th1 predominance may play a role in the development of cNSIP/OP-like lesions in cBFL.
Value of the Voice in Diagnosis of Myxoedema in the Elderly
Authors: W. H. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MYXOEDEMA COMA BRfJofuRLHill, Reiss, Forsham, and Thorn (1950) found that 9 out of 11 patients with primary hypothyroidism given a single 25-mg.injection of corticotrophin had an inadequate adrenal response, and Hubble (1955) found a defective water-load response in myxoedema.In a personal series of 18 patients in whom the 17-ketosteroid excretion was estimated the highest figure was 5.7 mg. a day and the lowest 0.95 mg. a day.In all but two patients the figure was below 5 mg. a day.Boulet and Mirouze (1955) believe that if adrenal function is investigated in myxoedema then hypocorticalism will be found almost as constantly as hypothyroidism: they emphasize, however, that thyroid hormone is the only treatment indicated.It is difficult, therefore, to assess the role of the adrenal cortex in the mechanism of myxoedema coma.It is unlikely to be a major factor, as clinical evidence of adrenal insufficiency is not found in myxoedema coma, and Summers (1956) found that cortisone was of no value in the treatment of myxoedema though it might produce some mental alertness.Moreover, the E.E.G. in myxoedema and in myxoedema coma does not resemble the records seen in Addison's disease (Hoffman, Lewis, and Thorn, 1942).It is probable that hypothermia, which is a constant feature of myxoedema coma, and deficiency of thyroid hormone itself, are the most important factors, though precipitating factors may include environmental cold (note the seasonal variation), trauma (Macdonald, 1958), and dehydration (Case 2 of present series).Macdonald (1958) suggests that during periods of stress the requirement of thyroid may increase like that of the adrenal corticosteroids.In advanced myxoedema coma the tissues may become unresponsive to thyroid hormone and the condition be irreversible.Extreme reduction or absence of cerebral electrical activity may indicate this state of affairs and a poor prognosis. SummaryThe clinical features and E.E.G. traces in three cases of myxoedema coma are described.It is suggested that thyroid hormone deficiency and hypothermia are the most important factors in the production of coma in myxoedema.The E.E.G. may be correlated with the changes in cerebral metabolism.
Handbook of Legal Medicine
Authors: Charles J. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Most medical schools neglect the training of their students concerning their legal responsibilities. The<i>Handbook of Legal Medicine</i>, newly revised, provides the student with information that is invaluable to him during his internship and when he enters the practice of medicine. The unfortunate trauma to the doctor's public image has been due in most part to a failure of the physician to understand his legal and social responsibilities. If this volume serves no other purpose than to enable the senior student to pass his State Boards, then it will already have served a useful purpose. What the authors have done, they have done well. However, there is a failure to apprise the student or practitioner about current problems such as the "Good Samaritan" legislation, nor is there any mention of the difference between the standards of practice as applied to the general practitioner on the one hand and the specialist
Relationship between guanase activity in donor blood and the incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis, and a possible method for preventing posttransfusional hepatitis
Authors: Susumu Ito, Yasuhiro Tsuji, Akiharu Iwasaki, Naoyuki Kitagawa, Yoshiyuki Tamura, Setsuro Fujii
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A total of 107 recipients, who did not show any evidence of hepatic disorders in pretransfusional liver function tests and gave a negative reaction for HBsAg, were observed from 3 weeks to 3 months after blood transfusion of 711 units of blood. The blood was judged suitable for use in transfusion because it had a normal level of ALT activity and gave a negative reaction for HBsAg. The guanase activities of the blood used for transfusion were examined. Cases in which an increase of ALT to at least twice the upper limit of normal persisted for at least 3 weeks and the ALT value increased to more than five times the normal upper limit at least once during this period, which also gave a negative reaction for HBsAg, were judged to have posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis. Of 107 recipients, 18 developed posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis. It was detected in 2 of 71 recipients (3%) with blood guanase activities below 3.5 units per liter and in 16 of 36 recipients (44%) with blood guanase activities above 3.6 units per liter. Thus, the incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis was significantly higher in recipients with blood guanase activities above 3.6 units per liter. The incidence of posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis increased linearly with increase in the level of guanase activity in donor blood. Thus, a high guanase activity in donor blood is considered to be an important predicting factor for posttransfusional non-A, non-B hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Lumbar Epidural Abscess
Authors: Warren G. Sarrell, David J. Lafia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE diagnosis of an acute abscess of the spinal epidural space is rarely made before onset of neurologic signs, in spite of the fact that the severe back pain generally causes the patient to consult a physician before irreversible neurologic disabilities develop. A case is reported below to re-emphasize the importance of the syndrome of severe back pain, with local spinous tenderness, fever and leukocytosis. Early surgical intervention, combined with antibiotics, makes the prognosis of this disease less serious.Case ReportA 26-year-old sergeant entered the United States Army Hospital, Camp Gordon, Georgia, on September 24, 1952, because of chills, . . .
Some (Not All) Influenza Watchers Suggest 'Bad Season' Lies Ahead
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WHILE SOME experts are warning that the coming influenza season may be as lethal as the one that caused an estimated 50 000 flu-related deaths in the United States 2 years ago, epidemiologists at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga, are being cautious in their predictions (<i>MMWR</i>. 1991;40:709-712). Still, several factors suggest that the coming season may be a repeat of the 1989-1990 influenza epidemic—the worst in 20 years, says W. Paul Glezen, MD, chief epidemiologist at the Influenza Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. The 1989-1990 season was predominated by an influenza A strain (H3N2) that is associated with high rates of mortality among the elderly and other persons at high risk of pneumonia and other pulmonary complications. By contrast, the 1990-1991 season was dominated by a milder influenza B strain. However, another influenza A(H3N2) strain started to appear at the end of that
In Vitro Activity of Fluoroquinolones, Azithromycin and Doxycycline against Chlamydia Trachomatis Cultured from Men with Chronic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: V. Smelov, T. Perekalina, A. Gorelov, N. Smelova, N. Artemenko, L. Norman
Journal: European Urology (2004)
THE RELATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA TO CATARACT
Authors: HELEN BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Cataract is associated with a diverse group of diseases, each of which has seemed to bear some causal, though undefined, relation to the changes in the lens of the eye. Diabetes, chronic nephritis with hypertension and arteriosclerosis, thyroid disease, acute infections and dental caries are among the so-called causes of cataract.<sup>1</sup> All the foregoing diseases have a common feature in that each shows a tendency to the development of a percentage of blood sugar above the normal. In the study of diabetes it was early established that cataract was likely to occur as a complication. But while the number of diabetic patients developing cataract is high (9 per cent., according to Williamson<sup>2</sup>), the number of patients with cataract who have diabetes is found to be as low as 1 per cent. by de Schweinitz.<sup>3</sup> The condition with which cataract is most often associated is found in chronic
The new apostasy
Authors: H. Keen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Acouple of years ago interviews were held for the post of director of the NHS Support Federation, an organisation opposing the NHS reforms. One bright candidate in her early 30s claimed great interest in health services. When I enquired about her views on the social purpose of the NHS, she asked me what I meant by social purpose. “Is it something like a business plan or a mission statement?” she wondered.

I realised that the Britain in which she had grown up had undergone a change of religion. In BBC2's three part series on the NHS reforms, Safe with Us, this becomes clear. No longer do we have a “religion” of the NHS, as it is aptly and dismissively described by former Chancellor of the Exchequer Nigel Lawson early in the first programme.

We now have the religion of …
Abstract LB-288: MPI-0486348: A novel inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) induces tumor regression in a preclinical model
Authors: Tracey C. Fleischer, Vijay R. Baichwal, Chad L. Bradford, Lynn Demie, Jeremy P. Green, Mark A. Hess, Jeffrey W. Lockman, Rena McKinnon, Kirill Ostanin, Damon I. Papac, Leslie F. Reeves, Ryan T. Terry-Lorenzo, J Adam Willardsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the first step in the recycling of nicotinamide into NAD. Cancer cells develop dependence on Nampt due to increased energy requirements and the elevated activity of NAD consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and mono and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Identification of Nampt as the target of an orphan cytotoxic compound using chemical proteomics spawned a Nampt drug discovery program at Myriad. We have developed a potent and selective inhibitor of Nampt that inhibits the growth of cancer cells in culture and induces tumor regression in a mouse xenograft model. Materials and Methods: In vitro Nampt activity was measured in a coupled biochemical assay based on the production of fluorescent resorufin. Viability was determined by measuring cellular ATP levels at 72 hrs following addition of compound. Nampt cellular activity was assayed by measuring levels of NAD and NAD-dependent poly (ADP)-ribosylation (PAR). Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in female CD-1 mice. Anti-tumor activity was evaluated in an HCT116 human colon carcinoma xenograft in nu/nu mice. Results: MPI-0486348 inhibited Nampt activity in vitro with an average IC50 value of 40 pM. Depending upon the time of compound exposure, MPI-0486348 showed TC50 values of 180 pM to 20 nM in HCT116 cells. MPI-0486348 treatment also reduced cellular NAD levels and nuclear PAR levels, with IC50 values of 170 pM and 120 pM, respectively. These cellular effects of MPI-0486348 were prevented by coadministration of nicotinic acid, demonstrating on target mechanism of action. In mouse pharmacokinetic studies, absolute oral bioavailability of 47% was determined using 40% Captisol as the vehicle at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg. The same dose in rats gave an absolute oral bioavailability of 46%. Finally, in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice, a single oral dose of MPI-0486348 (50 or 75 mg/kg) resulted in 31% and 67% regression, respectively. Conclusions: MPI-0486348 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Nampt and shows promising preclinical results in a human xenograft model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-288.