tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene expression measurements in the context of epidemiological studies
Authors: C. Bieli, R. Frei, V. Schickinger, J. Steinle, C. Bommer, S. Loeliger, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, E. Von Mutius, G. Pershagen, R. Lauener
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Gene expression measurements became an attractive tool to assess biological responses in epidemiological studies. However, collection of blood samples poses various technical problems. We used gene expression data from two epidemiological studies to evaluate differences between sampling methods, comparability of two methods for measuring RNA levels and stability of RNA samples over time. Methods: For the PARSIFAL study, PBLC of 1155 children were collected using EDTA tubes in two countries. In the PASTURE study, tubes containing RNA‐stabilizing solutions (PAXgene ® Blood RNA Tubes; PreAnalytiX) were used to collect cord blood leucocytes of 982 children in five countries. Real‐time PCR (conventional single tube assay and high‐throughput low density arrays) was used to quantify expression of various innate immunity genes. In 77 PARSIFAL samples, gene expression was measured repeatedly during prolonged storage. Results: In PARSIFAL (EDTA tubes) the median RNA yield after extraction significantly differed between the two centres (70 and 34 ng/μl). Collecting blood into an RNA‐stabilizing solution markedly reduced differences in RNA yield in PASTURE (range of medians 91–107 ng/μl). The agreement [Spearman rank correlation ( r )] between repeated measurements of gene expression decreased with increasing storage time [e.g., for CD14: r (first/second measurement) = 0.35; r (first/third measurement) = 0.03]. RNA levels measured with either the conventional method or low‐density arrays were comparable ( r &gt; 0.9). Conclusion: Collecting blood samples into tubes containing an RNA‐stabilizing solution increases RNA yield and reduces its variability. Long‐term storage of samples may lead to RNA degradation, requiring special attention in longitudinal studies.
Interruption of Aortic Flow Between the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta With Development of Collateral Circulation Secondary to Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BECKY WIERZBINSKI, SYLVIA MAGOUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Radionuclide demonstration of collateral circulation resulting from venous occlusion (such as superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, or femoral vein) has been well documented. The article reports that a patient's first pass radionuclide study of the thoracoabdominal region showed interruption of normal flow between the thoracic and abdominal aorta with gradual filling-in of the abdominal aorta with multiple collateral vessels in the thoracoabdominal and pelvic regions. The subsequent CT scan of the chest and abdomen demonstrated a large right mediastinal mass invading the major vessels inferior to the carina. The mass was found to be a poorly differentiated carcinoma.
Alum interaction with dendritic cell membrane lipids is essential for its adjuvanticity
Authors: Tracy L Flach, Gilbert Ng, Aswin Hari, Melanie D Desrosiers, Ping Zhang, Sandra M Ward, Mark E Seamone, Akosua Vilaysane, Ashley D Mucsi, Yin Fong, Elmar Prenner, Chang Chun Ling, Jurg Tschopp, Daniel A Muruve, Matthias W Amrein, Yan Shi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Positive selection in autoimmunity: Abnormal immune responses to a bacterial dnaJ antigenic determinant in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salvatore Albani, Edward C. Keystone, J. Lee Nelson, William E.R. Ollier, Antonio La Cava, Ann C. Montemayor, Deborah A. Weber, Carlomaurizio Montecucco, Alberto Martini, Dennis A. Carson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
A genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population
Authors: Kouichi Asano, Tomonaga Matsushita, Junji Umeno, Naoya Hosono, Atsushi Takahashi, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Takayuki Matsumoto, Toshiyuki Matsui, Yoichi Kakuta, Yoshitaka Kinouchi, Tooru Shimosegawa, Masayo Hosokawa, Yoshiaki Arimura, Yasuhisa Shinomura, Yutaka Kiyohara, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Naoyuki Kamatani, Mitsuo Iida, Yusuke Nakamura, Michiaki Kubo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Energy Expenditure of the Diaphragm or “He Thinks the Diaphragm is the Heart”*
Authors: DUDLEY F. ROCHESTER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 164. pp 2145–2146, 2001 DOI: 10.1164/rccm2109050 Internet address: www.atsjournals.org *In 1976, after Dr. Ed Hook interviewed me for a position as Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine at the University of Virginia, he told his division heads “He thinks the diaphragm’s the heart.” † Barzun published his thirteenth book at age 92: From Dawn to Decadence, 1500 to the Present, 500 Years of Western Cultural Life (HarperCollins, New York, 2000). The chapters “The Invisible College” and “The Encyclopedic Century” may be of particular interest to scientists.
The enigma of Mayer waves: Facts and models
Authors: C JULIEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Mayer waves are oscillations of arterial pressure occurring spontaneously in conscious subjects at a frequency lower than respiration (∼0.1 Hz in humans). Mayer waves are tightly coupled with synchronous oscillations of efferent sympathetic nervous activity and are almost invariably enhanced during states of sympathetic activation. For this reason, the amplitude of these oscillations has been proposed as a surrogate measure of sympathetic activity, although in the absence of a clear knowledge of their underlying physiology. Some studies have suggested that Mayer waves result from the activity of an endogenous oscillator located either in the brainstem or in the spinal cord. Other studies, mainly based on the effects of sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation, have challenged this view. Several models of dynamic arterial pressure control have been developed to predict Mayer waves. In these models, it was anticipated that the numerous dynamic components and fixed time delays present in the baroreflex loop would result in the production of a resonant, self-sustained oscillation of arterial pressure. Recent analysis of the various transfer functions of the rat baroreceptor reflex suggests that Mayer waves are transient oscillatory responses to hemodynamic perturbations rather than true feedback oscillations. Within this frame, the amplitude of Mayer waves would be determined both by the strength of the triggering perturbations and the sensitivity of the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor reflex.
Abstract 1523: α4 integrin expression is a determinant for activity of the integrin antagonist HYD1 in multiple myeloma cell lines and patient specimens
Authors: Michael F. Emmons, Anthony Gebhard, Mark Mclaughlin, Anne Cress, Lori Hazlehurst
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our laboratory previously showed that the β1 integrin inhibitory peptide HYD1 causes caspase independent cell death in myeloma cell lines. To further characterize the mechanism of HYD1 induced cell death an isogenic drug resistant variant was developed. This variant, called H929-60, was developed by chronically exposing parental H929 cells to increasing doses of HYD1 over time until a drug resistant phenotype was observed. The resistant cell lines demonstrated reduced binding of FAM-conjugated HYD1 to the cell surface compared to the parental cell line. We previously reported that HYD1 blocks α4β1 mediated adhesion to fibronectin and thus we asked whether resistance towards HYD1 induced cell death correlated with reduced α4β1 integrin expression. The resistant variant showed deceased levels of α4 integrin protein expression despite no change in RNA levels, indicating a post-transcriptional regulation of α4 expression. These changes were consistent with decreased binding to fibronectin, VCAM-1 and HS-5 stromal cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that biotin conjugated HYD1 is able to pulldown a α4 containing complex and the amount of α4 bound to biotin-HYD1 was reduced in the drug resistant variant. Reducing the expression of α4 and β1 integrins on the cell surface in H929 cells was sufficient to confer partial resistance to HYD1 induced cell death. Because the H929 resistant variant showed reduced adhesion to stroma cells, we asked whether acquisition of resistance towards HYD1 resulted in reduced levels of drug resistance in the HS-5 co-culture model of drug resistance. Using the HS-5 co-culture model, we show that the drug resistant variant H929-60 cells treated with either melphalan or velcade were drug sensitive in the HS-5 stromal co-culture model of drug resistance. Thus the drug resistant variant failed to demonstrate a cell adhesion mediate drug resistance (CAM-DR), indicating that as cells acquire resistance to HYD1 they lose resistance initiated by the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we show that HYD1 was significantly more potent in relapsed/refractory patient specimens compared to newly diagnosed patient specimens. Additionally, we show that α4 integrin expression positively correlates with HYD1 sensitivity. Together our data indicate that HYD1 is an attractive novel agent for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with high levels of α4 integrin expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1523
Emergency Establishment Of Intravenous Route
Authors: Warren Lindau
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> For years I have given emergency infusions and transfusions via the marrow route. I found that I could insert into the marrow and have fluid going much quicker than a surgical cut-down can possibly be done. While I have no statistical proof, there is no question that the fluids run well, and I believe that I can safely say that I have had at least as high a per cent of successful resuscitation as my colleagues who are taking the time to do a cut-down. From the successful results, I do not believe that there can be any question but that the vasopressor and sodium bicarbonate was getting in the patient's bloodstream.
Failure of phenobarbitone to prevent febrile convulsions.
Authors: J Z Heckmatt, A B Houston, D J Clow, J B Strephenson, K L Dodd, G T Lealman, R W Logan
Journal: BMJ (1976)

One-hundred-sixty-five children without known neurological disorder who presented with their first febrile convulsion between the ages of six months and three years were assigned to daily phenobarbitone treatment or to a control group and followed up at a special clinic for six months. One-hundred-and-sixty-one-one children completed the trial, and of the 88 children assigned to phenobarbitone treatment 10 had further convulsions during this period compared with 14 of the 73 control children. Only 49 of those assigned to phenobarbitone took the drug regularly throughout the trial, and four of these had further febrile convulsions, a proportion not significantly different from that in the controls. All four had mean plasma phenobarbitone concentrations over 69 mumol/l (16 mug/ml) during the trial and in three the plasma concentration was at or over this figure within eight hours over 69 mumol/l (16 mug/ml) during the trial and in three the plasma concentration was at or over this figure within eight hours of the repeat convulsion. Regular phenobarbitone does not seem to prevent febrile convulsions. Attention should instead be directed to organising emergency services to allow early termination of fevrile convulsions, whether first or subsequent, to prevent irreversible brain damage.
Abstract 3938: Altered nucleotide excision repair gene expression after cisplatin treatment in melanoma
Authors: Nikola A. Bowden, Katie A. Ashton, Kelly A. Avery-Kiejda, Xu Dong Zhang, Peter Hersey, Rodney J. Scott
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Melanoma incidence rates in Australia are the highest in the world. Two of the hallmark features of melanoma are the development of disease as a result of chronic repeated ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and the limited efficacy of cisplatin in treatment. These features have one commonality; both result in large helix distorting DNA damage that is recognised and repaired by the DNA repair system, nucleotide excision repair (NER). The aim of this study was to examine the expression of NER gene transcripts in melanoma cell lines treated with cisplatin. One melanocyte, three primary melanoma (MM200, IgR3, Me4405) and two metastatic melanoma (Mel-RM and Sk-Mel-28) cell lines were used for this study. The cells were treated with cisplatin (10μg/mL) and RNA was harvested at 0, 6 and 24 hours after treatment. Thirteen NER gene transcripts were measured by semi-quantitative real-time PCR. The relative expression of each gene was calculated and t-tests were used to identify significantly altered expression in melanoma compared to melanocytes and between timepoints. The genes involved in the global genome repair (GGR) DNA damage recognition pathway; XPC, DDB1 and DDB2 (XPE) showed significantly decreased relative expression (RE) in the melanomas compared to the melanocytes, 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. In contrast, the genes involved in the transcription coupled repair (TCR) DNA damage recognition pathway, ERCC8 (CSA) and ERCC6 (CSB) showed low RE in all cell lines at all time points. Furthermore, the genes involved in the convergent NER pathway revealed no significant change in RE 24 hours after cisplatin treatment in the melanomas, however, an increase in RE was seen in the melanocytes. Overall, the basal expression levels of all genes investigated were greater in the melanoma cell lines compared to the melanocytes. The GGR DNA damage recognition arm of the NER pathway is essential to maintain genomic stability through the identification of helix distorting DNA adducts arising from UV radiation and genotoxic chemicals. The findings from this study revealed reduced GGR transcript levels 24 hours after cisplatin treatment. This finding may be the first step towards identifying the biological mechanisms underlying the limited efficacy of cisplatin in melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3938.
Preprocedural serum levels of acute-phase reactants and prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: B Rahel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

In this study we evaluate the value of baseline concentrations of acute-phase reactants on prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Blood samples were drawn immediately before PCI to measure baseline concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and fibrinogen. Follow-up data were collected at 8 months. Repeat PCI, CABG, myocardial infarction, and death were recorded as major adverse clinical events (MACE). Furthermore the recurrence of angina pectoris was noted.The study included 600 consecutive patients after a successful PCI. Sixty-four percent of the patients were stented. The mean age was 61.6 years and 68.9% were male. CRP levels were significantly higher in patients who were to have repeat angina as compared with those who were not (P=0.0322). IL-6 levels were not correlated with angina or MACE. Lp(a) and fibrinogen concentrations were both significantly related to MACE (P=0.0337 and P=0.0253, respectively).Our study clearly supports the role of inflammation in restenosis after PCI as measured in statistically higher levels of Lp(a) and fibrinogen in patients with MACE and CRP in patients with repeat angina.
Age-Adjusted Diabetes Mortality Rates Vary in Local Communities in a Metropolitan Area: Racial and Spatial Disparities and Correlates
Authors: Bijou R. Hunt, Steven Whitman, Candice A. Henry
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Diabetes has held steady as the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. since 2006. While aggregated data provide insights into how the country as a whole, or even as states, is faring with respect to diabetes mortality, disaggregation provides data that may facilitate targeted interventions and community engagement.We analyzed deaths from diabetes for residents of Chicago to calculate age-adjusted diabetes mortality rates (AADMRs). We calculated AADMRs for Chicago by race/ethnicity and community area. We also examined the correlation between AADMR and 1) racial/ethnic composition of a community area and 2) median household income.The AADMR for Chicago (27.5 per 100,000 population) was significantly higher than the national rate (22.5). Within both the U.S. and Chicago, the highest AADMRs were found among non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Hispanics, and then non-Hispanic whites. Within Chicago, Puerto Ricans displayed the highest AADMR at 45.7, compared with 35.0 at the national level. There was a strong positive correlation between the proportion of black residents in a community area and the AADMR (0.64). There was a strong negative relationship between household income and the AADMR for the entire city (-0.63) and for the predominantly black community areas (-0.52).These data provide insight into where the worst diabetes mortality problems reside in Chicago. Our hope is that these data can be used to work toward the development of solutions to the very high diabetes mortality rates observed in several communities in Chicago and in similar communities throughout the U.S.
Unc93B1 Restricts Systemic Lethal Inflammation by Orchestrating Toll-like Receptor 7 and 9 Trafficking
Authors: Ryutaro Fukui, Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh, Atsuo Kanno, Masahiro Onji, Takuma Shibata, Akihiko Ito, Morikazu Onji, Mitsuru Matsumoto, Shizuo Akira, Nobuaki Yoshida, Kensuke Miyake
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Falls in the elderly related to postural imbalance.
Authors: P W Overstall, A N Exton-Smith, F J Imms, A L Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Two hundred and forty-three elderly people aged 60 to 96 years were questioned about their falls, and their sway was measured. For comparison sway was also measured in 63 younger subjects. Sway increased with age and was higher in women at all ages. There was no difference in sway between those with no history of falls and those who fell only because of tripping. In both sexes sway was significantly increases in people who fell because of loss of balance and in women whose falls were due to giddiness, drop attacks, turning the head, and rising from bed or a chair. This suggests that there is a physiological decline in postural control with advancing age and also a decline due to disease of the central nervous system.
Dr Foster is asked to review surgeons' performance after 14 year hospital feud
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An internal review of a hospital trust’s general surgery department has found a 14 year feud among the surgeons, a history of inadequate investigations when concerns were raised, and 48 possible incidents of patient harm that have gone uninvestigated.

Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, which covers parts of Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire, has commissioned the health analytics company Dr Foster to establish each of its 70 surgeons’ …
Rozrolimupab, a mixture of 25 recombinant human monoclonal RhD antibodies, in the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tadeusz Robak, Jerzy Windyga, Jacek Trelinski, Mario von Depka Prondzinski, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Chantal Doyen, Ann Janssens, María Teresa Álvarez-Román, Isidro Jarque, Javier Loscertales, Gloria Pérez Rus, Andrzej Hellmann, Wiesław Wiktor Jêdrzejczak, Kazimierz Kuliczkowski, Lana M. Golubovic, Dusica Celeketic, Andrei Cucuianu, Emanuil Gheorghita, Mihaela Lazaroiu, Ofer Shpilberg, Dina Attias, Elena Karyagina, Kalinina Svetlana, Kateryna Vilchevska, Nichola Cooper, Kate Talks, Mukhyaprana Prabhu, Prasad Sripada, T. P. R. Bharadwaj, Henrik Næsted, Niels J. Ø. Skartved, Torben P. Frandsen, Mimi F. Flensburg, Peter S. Andersen, Jørgen Petersen
Journal: Blood (2012)
A LIVER COCKTAIL: LIVER IN EDIBLE FORM FOR THE PERNICIOUS ANEMIA PATIENT
Authors: William Thomas Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In the treatment of pernicious anemia there seems to be no doubt about the efficacy of a diet containing raw liver. However, after the period of hospitalization and stomach tube feedings is past, one experiences considerable difficulty in getting patients to continue their raw liver ration. After devising several rank failures instead of liver dishes, I suggested to Miss Clara Schroeder of Piqua, Ohio, a woman of ability in the culinary art, that she prepare an edible liver cocktail. The formula and its preparation are her suggestions. The dish has proved acceptable and even enjoyable to pernicious anemia epicures here and it has been served with success to healthy people at the dinner table as a summer cocktail in lieu of oyster. If carefully prepared it is a dish easily eaten by any one, but if dumped together it is not. It is hoped that others will use their ingenuity and devise
Abstract P3-06-09: Test of association between Ki67 index of early breast cancer and local relapse after adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy.
Authors: DN Rodrigues, N Somaiah, F Daley, S Davies, E Rakha, R A'Hern, J Haviland, M Sydenham, R Owen, J Reis-Filho, JR Yarnold
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: There is a strong inverse association between the proliferation indices of early- and late-responding normal tissues and their sensitivity to radiotherapy fraction size. The aim of this study is to test for association between Ki67 index and the fractionation sensitivity of breast cancer. The hypothesis is that tumours with high Ki67 indices are relatively insensitive to fraction size and be over-represented in tumours relapsing after hypofractionated, radiotherapy. Methods: Between 1986 and 2003, the START pilot and START A trials tested 2 test dose levels of a 13-fraction regimen (3.0 or 3.3 Gy &amp; 3.0 or 3.2 Gy fractions, respectively) in 5 weeks against 25 fractions of 2.0 Gy following primary surgery for early breast cancer. Primary tumour blocks of patients with local tumour relapse were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Ki67 (manual counting in whole sections), HER2, ER &amp; PR (Allred quick scores in tissue sections). Ki67 was assumed to be log normally distributed with a standard deviation of 0.5–0.9. Assuming evaluable blocks for 240 patients, a standardised detectable difference of 0.45 (90%+ power, 5% significance level) corresponded to a detectable difference in geometric means of 5–10%. Results: From a total of 3646 patients entered into the START pilot and START A trials, 261 local tumour relapses were recorded at a median follow up of 8.4 years (range 0.9–17.5) and 7.2 (range 0.7–11.9) years respectively. Blocks from 213 patients were recovered, of which 176 were evaluable by IHC. There was no significant difference in proliferation between tumours relapsing after conventional and hypofractionated radiotherapy, with mean Ki67 scores of 7.63 (95%CI: 5.06–11.5) and 5.33 (95CI%: 3.86–7.35), respectively. Mean Ki67 scores in 48 primary triple negative tumours (TNT) that relapsed locally were 15.74 (95%CI: 8.53–29.06) after conventional and 7.52 (95%CI: 3.51–16.1) after hypofractionated radiotherapy, but TNT were equally represented (28%) in both groups. Conclusion: An association between proliferative indices and fractionation sensitivity in breast tumours has not been demonstrated. If confirmed, it suggests that genetic and epigenetic features unrelated to proliferation are sources of inter-tumour variation in fractionation sensitivity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-09.