tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the AD7C-NTP cDNA expression in Alzheimer's disease and measurement of a 41-kD protein in cerebrospinal fluid.
Authors: S M Monte, K Ghanbari, W H Frey, I Beheshti, P Averback, S L Hauser, H A Ghanbari, J R Wands
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have isolated a novel Alu sequence-containing cDNA, designated AD7c-NTP, that is expressed in neurons, and overexpressed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 1,442-nucleotide AD7c-NTP cDNA encodes an approximately 41-kD protein. Expression of AD7c-NTP was confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing of reverse transcriptase PCR products isolated from brain. AD7c-NTP cDNA probes hybridized with 1. 4 kB mRNA transcripts by Northern blot analysis, and monoclonal antibodies generated with the recombinant protein were immunoreactive with approximately 41-45-kD and approximately 18-21-kD molecules by Western blot analysis. In situ hybridization and immunostaining studies localized AD7c-NTP gene expression in neurons. Using a quantitative enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay (Ghanbari, K., I. Beheshti, and H. Ghanbari, manuscript submitted for publication) constructed with antibodies to the recombinant protein, AD7c-NTP levels were measured under code in 323 clinical and postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD, age-matched control, Parkinson's disease, and neurological disease control patients. The molecular mass of the AD7c-NTP detected in CSF was approximately 41 kD. In postmortem CSF, the mean concentration of AD7c-NTP in cases of definite AD (9.2+/-8.2 ng/ml) was higher than in the aged control group (1.6+/-0.9; P < 0.0001). In CSF samples from individuals with early possible or probable AD, the mean concentration of AD7c-NTP (4.6+/-3.4) was also elevated relative to the levels in CSF from age-matched (1.2+/-0.7) and neurological disease (1.0+/-0.9) controls, and ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (1.8+/-1.1) (all P < 0.001). CSF levels of AD7c-NTP were correlated with Blessed dementia scale scores (r = 0. 66; P = 0.0001) rather than age (r = -0.06; P > 0.1). In vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of AD7c-NTP in transfected neuronal cells promotes neuritic sprouting and cell death, the two principal neuroanatomical lesions correlated with dementia in AD. The results suggest that abnormal AD7c-NTP expression is associated with AD neurodegeneration, and during the early stages of disease, CSF levels correlate with the severity of dementia.
Splenic infiltrates in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ashwin P. Patel, Kirti M. Patel, Shilin N. Shukla, Bipin N. Savani, N. Gopal, Ketan N. Bavishi, P. L. Madan, Asha Anand, Bharat J. Parikh, Pankaj M. Shah
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)
A NEW TONSILLAR SCISSORS.
Authors: CULLEN F. WELTY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The difficulties I have encountered in the radical removal of the tonsil are many and, in order of frequency, may be enumerated thus:   Difficulty in removing the whole of the tonsillar mass.  Wounding the pillars, which has happened to me twice.  Wounding the uvula, which has happened to me once.  Difficulty of controlling severe hemorrhage by ligature and tampon, which I have not had to resort to. In several instances I have had to use the tonsillar forceps to control hemorrhage. The cases where the tonsil has not been entirely removed are the ones that have given me trouble from hemorrhage, and I believe the remaining tonsillar tissue is largely responsible for the hemorrhage.   By the use of the U-shaped scissors (see illustration) three of these difficulties can be eliminated and the remaining one, that of hemorrhage, very much lessened. However, any one attempting radical removal of the tonsil should
Johns Hopkins admits scientist used Indian patients as guinea pigs
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Johns Hopkins University has admitted that a staff scientist collaborated with Indian doctors to test an experimental cancer drug in Indian patients without establishing its safety through animal tests.

The university announced last week that it had initiated sanctions against the scientist for participating in clinical trials that did not meet the university's standards for human research.

The scientist had provided the drug to doctors at the Regional Cancer Centre in India's southern state of …
FDA appointment is stalled as revelations emerge over Plan B
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The nomination of Andrew von Eschenbach as permanent commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration continues to be blocked by two senators. The senators are blocking the nomination in protest at the FDA's three year delay in approving the sale over the counter of the emergency contraceptive known as Plan B.

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President Bush listens as Dr Andrew von Eschenbach speaks at a White House ceremony in 2001 

Credit: SUSAN WALSH/AP

Plan B is a two pill, high dose regimen of the oral contraceptive levonorgestrel. The drug is not currently approved for over the counter sale in the United States, although it is available from pharmacists in some states and is approved for over the counter sale in about 40 countries. Plan B is opposed by conservatives in the US, who say that it is an abortifacient not a contraceptive.

Dr von Eschenbach's nomination has become entangled in revelations from the Center for Reproductive Rights, a nonprofit organisation that uses the law to advance reproductive freedom, …

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Help for the child who is sexually abused
Authors: A. Bentovim
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The reduced costs for metronidazole accounted for only 15%, of this saving.It is more difficult to tell how the quality of care has been affected, but there has been no detectable reduction.There has been an increased workload both in outpatient prescribing and in inpatient admissions in the past year, the increase in admissions being associated with a change in the emergency admissions policy.An increase in drug costs might well have been expected.It could be claimed that overall quality of care has improved in certain aspects, in that at a time of financial stringency our saving on standard drugs has allowed us to introduce new valuable but expensive treatments such as acyclovir, cisretinoic acid, and atracurium with only minimal overspending on the drug budget.We trust these trends will continue.
Molecular basis of aberrant expression of alkaline phosphatase in renal brush border membrane from renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ujjawal Sharma, Sarwan Kumar Singh, Rajendra Prasad
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing worldwide. It continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasm arising from kidney. RCC originates from proximal tubular epithelium of adult kidney. Alkaline phosphatase is abundantly expressed on the BBM and serves as an excellent marker for its integrity. Earlier reports have demonstrated that the activities of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes are altered in cancer cells. The present study was conducted to find out the molecular basis of altered expression/activity of ALP in BBM from RCC in comparison to normal renal BBM. Total 30 histopathologically confirmed cases of RCC were included in the present study. The specific activity of ALP was drastically reduced in homogenate as well as in BBM from RCC as compared to BBM from adjacent normal kidney parenchyma. SDS-PAGE study showed that the BBM proteins of higher molecular weights were poorly expressed in BBM from RCC as compare to BBM from adjacent normal kidney parenchyma. Incubation of gel with BCIP/NBT dye showed that the expression of ALP in BBM from RCC was reduced as compared to adjacent normal kidney BBM. Western blot analysis using anti ALP antibody also confirmed the reduced expression of ALP in RCC BBM. Further, to check whether this reduced expression of ALP occurs at mRNA level, a semi quantitative RT-PCR was done, which showed markedly reduced expression of ALP mRNA in RCC as compared to adjacent normal kidney.
Outcome of pregnancies referred to a general practitioner maternity unit in a district hospital.
Authors: A. Prentice, S. M. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To audit the outcome of pregnancies booked for confinement in a general practitioner maternity unit in a district general hospital.Retrospective review of case records.General practitioner maternity unit in a district general hospital.685 Women referred to a general practitioner unit in 1987.315 Nulliparous women and 330 multiparous women were booked for confinement; 202 women transferred to consultant care before delivery and a further 104 during labour or after delivery. Recognised risk factors, other than nulliparity, rarely predicted the need for transfer. Confinement in the general practitioner unit was associated with low intervention and good fetal outcomes.The general practitioner maternity unit provides a safe alternative for confinement in low risk pregnancies. High rates of transfer deny this facility to many women who desire confinement in a low technology environment.
Viral Antibodies in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: D. R. Gamble, M. L. Kinsley, M. G. FitzGerald, R. Bolton, K. W. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Sera from 123 patients with diabetes mellitus of recent onset, 155 patients with diabetes of more than two years' duration, and 250 normal persons were collected over a period of two and a half years. All sera were tested for neutralizing antibody to Coxsackie virus types B1-6, and a sample was tested for complement-fixing antibody to a number of viral, rickettsial, and mycoplasmal antigens.In diabetics of recent onset no evidence was found of any excess of antibodies to mumps virus or some common respiratory viruses. Insulin-dependent diabetes within three months of onset were found to have higher antibody titres to Coxsackie B virus, particularly of type B4, than either normal subjects or patients with diabetes of longer duration.
Detection of Prostatic Glandular Adenocarcinoma During Staging of Non–small-cell Lung Carcinoma With F-18 FDG PET
Authors: Gary R. Conrad, Partha Sinha, Kimberly Absher, James Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The value of F-18 FDG PET for the staging of non–small-cell carcinoma is well established. PET reveals sites of metastatic disease undetected by conventional imaging, and it has the potential for disclosing unrelated pathology. Reported is the case of a 59-year old, with right chest wall pain and a nonproductive cough. A staging whole torso PET revealed an intensely hypermetabolic cavitary right lung mass and a site of intense FDG localization within the floor of the pelvis near the midline of the prostatic base. Subsequent right pneumonectomy and prostatic needle core biopsies yielded histologically different carcinomas of the lung (poorly differentiated non–small-cell) and prostate (extensive adenocarcinoma). The difficulty in differentiating urinary tract pathology from normal urinary activity of FDG is illustrated.
Abstract 3404: Identifying genes involved in retinoic-acid-mediated breast tumor progression by total-genome-knockdown screen
Authors: Krysta M. Coyle, Cheryl Dean, Lu-Zhe Pan, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Mohammad Sultan, Jayme Salsman, Graham Dellaire, Carman Giacomantonio, Patrick W. Lee, Paola Marcato
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Despite numerous advances in cancer care, breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among Canadian women. Previous work by our lab has identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) as a breast cancer stem cell marker, and patients with high levels of ALDH1A3 in their tumors have worse outcomes. Furthermore, we found that via its retinoic acid (RA) production function, ALDH1A3 also contributes to breast tumor growth and metastasis in a murine xenograft model. RA induces transcription of many genes (directly and indirectly), initiates cell signaling and regulates many cellular processes involved in cell growth and differentiation. To identify the key RA-inducible genes which mediate breast cancer progression we performed a genome-wide lentiviral-based shRNA screen using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells xenotransplanted into NOD/SCID mice with or without RA treatment. From the in vivo screen, 50 genes were identified as being putatively involved in RA-mediated breast tumor growth. 14 genes have been confirmed in vitro as differentially expressed in the presence of RA. We have generated individual shRNA knockdown clones of the genes and are validating their involvement in RA-mediated breast cancer progression in vivo. Analysis of the genes identified by this screen revealed potential interactions between RA and Wnt signaling, implicating extensive cross-talk between these two pathways. Completion of this study will define the mechanism of RA-mediated breast cancer progression and potentially identify new therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment. Citation Format: Krysta M. Coyle, Cheryl Dean, Lu-Zhe Pan, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Mohammad Sultan, Jayme Salsman, Graham Dellaire, Carman Giacomantonio, Patrick W. Lee, Paola Marcato. Identifying genes involved in retinoic-acid-mediated breast tumor progression by total-genome-knockdown screen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3404
The Role of Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) and IgA in Schaedler's E.coli Induced Diminished Translocation of Lactobacillus salivarius Into the Lung: Crosstalk Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: K. Krytska, N.V. Boyko, N. Kushnir, D. Kobuley, S.A. Keilbaugh, G.D. Wu, Y. Yu, J.J. Cebra, A. Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The use of 0.25% zinc pyrithione spray does not enhance the efficacy of clobetasol propionate 0.05% foam in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Tamara Salam Housman, Kimberly A. Keil, Beverly G. Mellen, Martha A. McCarty, Alan B. Fleischer, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Unsafe Injection Practices Plague US Outpatient Facilities, Harm Patients
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

WHEN AN ASTUTE STAFF MEMber at a county public health department in New York noticed that 2 patients who had been newly diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) had recently received epidural injections from the same pain management clinic, it sparked a visit by state public health officials to the clinic. During the visit, they observed the physician who treated both patients withdrawing medication from a multiple-dose vial with a previously used syringe topped with a new needle, a breach of safe injection practices that may have contaminated the vial and exposed subsequent patients to potential blood-borne infections. Thephysicianwasnotawareoftherisk posed by this practice, explained GuthrieBirkhead,MD,MPH,deputycommissionerof theNewYorkStateDepartment of Health’s Office of Public Health, duringtheUSCentersforDiseaseControland Prevention (CDC) Public Health Grand Rounds in November (http://www.cdc .gov/about/grand-rounds/archives/2012 /November2012.htm). But further investigation and testing of some of the more than 8000 patients who were notified of potential exposure identified 8 more patients with HCV infection, and molecular testing found an identical strain of the virus in 2 patients treated on the same day, Birkhead noted. The case garnered media attention and lawsuits and prompted the state medical board to place conditions on the physician’s practice. Far from being an isolated case, Birkhead and officials from the CDC and the Center forMedicare&MedicaidServices (CMS)presentedevidencesuggestingthat such lapses are a common occurrence in UShealthcare,particularlyatoutpatient facilities. Thomas Hamilton, MD, director of the survey and certification group inCMS’sCenterforClinicalStandardsand Quality, noted that a 3-state pilot survey publishedin2010found46of68facilities
Molecular Definition of Breast Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Michail Shipitsin, Lauren L. Campbell, Pedram Argani, Stanislawa Weremowicz, Noga Bloushtain-Qimron, Jun Yao, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Tatiana Serebryiskaya, Rameen Beroukhim, Min Hu, Marc K. Halushka, Saraswati Sukumar, Leroy M. Parker, Karen S. Anderson, Lyndsay N. Harris, Judy E. Garber, Andrea L. Richardson, Stuart J. Schnitt, Yuri Nikolsky, Rebecca S. Gelman, Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
ScFv‐Decorated PEG‐PLA‐Based Nanoparticles for Enhanced siRNA Delivery to Her2<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer
Authors: Shuang Dou, Xian‐Zhu Yang, Meng‐Hua Xiong, Chun‐Yang Sun, Yan‐Dan Yao, Yan‐Hua Zhu, Jun Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Patients with Her2‐overexpressing (Her2 + ) breast cancers generally have a poorer prognosis due to the high aggressiveness and chemoresistance of the disease. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the gene encoding polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1; si Plk1 ) has emerged as an efficient therapeutic agent for Her2 + breast cancers. Poly(ethylene glycol)‐ block ‐poly( d,l ‐lactide) (PEG‐PLA)‐based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery were previously developed and optimized. In this study, for targeted delivery of si Plk1 to Her2 + breast cancer, anti‐Her2 single‐chain variable fragment antibody (ScFv Her2 )‐decorated PEG‐PLA‐based nanoparticles with si Plk1 encapsulation (ScFv Her2 ‐NP si Plk1 ) are developed. With the rationally designed conjugation site, ScFv Her2 ‐NP siRNA can specifically bind to the Her2 antigen overexpressed on the surface of Her2 + breast cancer cells. Therefore, ScFv Her2 ‐NP si Plk1 exhibits improved cellular uptake, promoted Plk1 silencing efficiency, and induced enhanced tumor cell apoptosis in Her2 + breast cancer cells, when compared with nontargeted NP si Plk1 . More importantly, ScFv Her2 ‐NP siRNA markedly enhances the accumulation of siRNA in Her2 + breast tumor tissue, and remarkably improves the efficacy of tumor suppression. Dose‐dependent anti‐tumor efficacy further demonstrates that ScFv Her2 ‐decorated PEG‐PLA‐based nanoparticles with si Plk1 encapsulation can significantly enhance the inhibition of Her2 + breast tumor growth and reduce the dose of injected siRNA. These results suggest that ScFv Her2 ‐decorated PEG‐PLA‐based nanoparticles show great potential for targeted RNA interference therapy of Her2 + breast tumor.
Crisis in the Health Service
Authors: J. A. Girling
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) was measured during haemodialysis in 30 unselected patients with chronic renal failure. The patients attended the hospital dialysis unit, where they received regular dialysis using a cuprophan dialyser with acetate buffered dialysate. Mean PEF had fallen by 60 l/min (13%) 30 minutes after the start of dialysis. In 10 of the 30 patients the fall in PEF was over 15%, the maximum fall being 32%. After the initial fall PEF increased throughout the next 2.5 hours of haemodialysis, but it fell again at five hours in the 14 patients who had been dialysed for four hours. During dialysis there was a reduction in blood white cell and platelet counts and in arterial oxygen tension at 30 and 60 minutes (p less than 0.05) and the white cell count and arterial oxygen tension were still reduced at three hours. The coincidence of the fall in PEF at 30 minutes and the fall in arterial oxygen tension suggests that bronchoconstriction might contribute to dialysis induced hypoxaemia by causing ventilation-perfusion disturbances. Appreciable airway dysfunction occurred in all the patients undergoing regular haemodialysis with new cuprophan dialysers and acetate buffered dialysate.
The process of leukemogenesis.
Authors: R D Irons, W S Stillman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Leukemias are monoclonal diseases that arise from cells in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment. Consistent with emerging models of carcinogenesis, leukemogenesis is an evolutionary process that involves multiple independent genetic and epigenetic events. Over the last half-century a predominant paradigm has emerged to describe leukemia developing secondary to alkylating drug therapy or exposure to benzene in which progressive dysplastic changes, accompanied by a distinct pattern of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, give rise to acute myelogenous leukemia. Characterization of these clonal chromosomal aberrations, together with observed alterations in other growth-promoting genes, provides a useful framework for studying chemical leukemogenesis and for use in understanding the origins and development of leukemia in general.
What the Nazis Called 'Medical Research' Haunts the Scientific Community to This Day
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

FIFTY YEARS have passed since the beginning of World War II, and still the effects of National Socialist (Nazi) medicine linger. "Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg [war criminal trials beginning in 1946, with a score of Nazi physicians as defendants] Code," a conference sponsored by Boston (Mass) University's schools of medicine and public health, leaves little doubt that the so-called experiments conducted in wartime Germany and conquered countries before midcentury have placed their mark on today's medical research. These inhumane experiments by Nazi physicians left thousands of prisoners dead and many others physically and emotionally scarred. In sentencing the approximately 80% of medical defendants found guilty, judges of the Nuremberg tribunal also issued a code designed to protect humans participating as subjects in medical research. Although since modified by other codes, this is the Nuremberg Code that often is cited. <h3>Anything Worth Using?</h3> While most results of Nazi medical experiments