tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Abscesses
Authors: Edward H. Storer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Drs. Ariel and Kazarian of the New York Medical College state that the purpose of this book "is to provide a useful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal abscesses and to provide a guide to the important advances... that have occurred..." They feel that the material should be useful for medical students, interns, surgical residents, and practicing surgeons. Dr. O. H. Wangensteen, in an interesting foreword, points out that this is a very timely monograph since subphrenic abscess has long been a bête noire of the surgeon. The title is somewhat misleading, however, since much more than diagnosis and treatment is included. Anatomy, etiology, and pathogenesis of abdominal suppuration are also well covered so that to entitle the book simply "Abdominal Abscesses" might be more appropriate. In 1908, H. L. Barnard published a scholarly but anatomically incorrect classification of subphrenic abscesses. Ochsner, despite outstanding contributions to the surgical
LP01 : Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for treatment of HCV genotypes 1-4 in HIV-HCV coinfection: The ALLY-2 study
Authors: D.L Wyles, P. Ruane, M.S. Sulkowski, D. Dieterich, A.F. Luetkemeyer, T.R. Morgan, K.E. Sherman, Z. Liu, S. Noviello, P. Ackerman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Turek's Orthopaedics: Principles and Their Application
Authors: John D. Hsu
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The fifth edition of<i>Turek's Orthopaedics</i>has distinguished orthopedic surgeons Drs Weinstein and Buckwalter of the University of Iowa as coeditors and 27 contributing authors. It represents a significant change from the fourth edition (1984), which was a two-volume, 1756-page textbook with 34 chapters. It has been replaced by a single textbook with three sections of 19 total chapters and 708 text pages. Eleven authors wrote the 60-page chapter "Rheumatic Diseases: Diagnosis and Management." The editors state that there have been some significant changes but that the broad approach to adult and pediatric orthopedics has been retained, with which I agree. Chapters on musculoskeletal trauma and details of surgical technique have been eliminated. Unfortunately, the chapter on amputation, an important aspect of orthopedic rehabilitation, has now been reduced to one paragraph in the adult foot and ankle section. The target audience is meant to be orthopedic residents, residents in other
Malignant melanoma in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: None Saxe, None Hoffman, None Krige, None Sayed, None King, None Hounsell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

There is a world‐wide increase in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma among white people. Absence of accurate population‐based data on the incidence of melanoma in South Africa prompted a study to determine the incidence, anatomical sites and pathological details of melanoma in Cape Town. In a prospective study from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 1995, all the histopathology reports of melanoma presenting in a geographically defined area of Cape Town, were actively retrieved from every pathologist practising in this area. The data evaluated included information on age, sex, ethnic group and location of residence. Details of melanoma comprised body site, Clark level of invasion, Breslow thickness in millimetres and histogenetic type. The histology slides were reviewed by a panel in those cases where the recorded information was ambiguous or incomplete. A final number of 595 reports of primary invasive cutaneous melanomas in white people was analysed. Of these 50.3% were men and 49.7% women. The overall age‐standardized incidence rate was 24.4 per 100,000 per annum (27.5 for men and 22.2 for women). There was no change in the incidence rate over the study period. Most melanomas in both sexes (74% of women and 71% of men) were < 1.5 mm Breslow thickness. Results of this study indicate a high incidence rate of melanoma in white South Africans, comparable with that in Australia, which demands urgent preventive health measures.
The Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality in Socially Deprived Urban Areas in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Chit-Ming Wong, Chun-Quan Ou, King-Pan Chan, Yuen-Kwan Chau, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Lin Yang, Roger Yat-Nork Chung, Graham Neil Thomas, Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris, Tze-Wai Wong, Anthony Johnson Hedley, Tai-Hing Lam
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundPoverty is a major determinant of population health, but little is known about its role in modifying air pollution effects.ObjectivesWe set out to examine whether people residing in socially deprived communities are at higher mortality risk from ambient air pollution.MethodsThis study included 209 tertiary planning units (TPUs), the smallest units for town planning in the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong, China. The socioeconomic status of each TPU was measured by a social deprivation index (SDI) derived from the proportions of the population with a) unemployment, b) monthly household income < US$250, c) no schooling at all, d) one-person household, e) never-married status, and f ) subtenancy, from the 2001 Population Census. TPUs were classified into three levels of SDI: low, middle, and high. We performed time-series analysis with Poisson regression to examine the association between changes in daily concentrations of ambient air pollution and daily number of deaths in each SDI group for the period from January 1996 to December 2002. We evaluated the differences in pollution effects between different SDI groups using a case-only approach with logistic regression.ResultsWe found significant associations of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm, and ozone with all nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in areas of middle or high SDI (p < 0.05). Health outcomes, measured as all nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, in people residing in high SDI areas were more strongly associated with SO2 and NO2 compared with those in middle or low SDI areas.ConclusionsNeighborhood socioeconomic deprivation increases mortality risks associated with air pollution.
ON THE CONNECTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE UPPER AIR-PASSAGES WITH ABDOMINAL HERNIA.
Authors: W. FREUDENTHAL
Journal: JAMA (1889)

If it be true that "necessity is the mother of invention," then no period was more suitable for that great invention, the laryngeal mirror, than the present one. The tendency of modern civilization is to imprison us closely within the walls of our cities and houses. As a result we find an increased tendency to the development of diseases of the air-passages, together with various less conspicuous sequelæ. As an example of these I may mention<i>abdominal hernia</i>. As regards the origin of ruptures caused by nasal affections, I made the following remarks before the German Medical Society of New York (Zur Aetiologie der Unterleibsbrüche,<i>N. Y. Med. Presse</i>, Oct., 1888): "If primarily we consider this question from a purely theoretical standpoint, nothing is easier than to prove the<i>possibility</i>of the origin of a hernia from an affection of the nose, in the same way as, long ago, it
Transglutaminase and Polyamination of Tubulin: Posttranslational Modification for Stabilizing Axonal Microtubules
Authors: Yuyu Song, Laura L. Kirkpatrick, Alexander B. Schilling, Donald L. Helseth, Nicolas Chabot, Jeffrey W. Keillor, Gail V.W. Johnson, Scott T. Brady
Journal: Neuron (2013)
International Exchange of Physicians-Reply
Authors: Timothy Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  The letter by Dr Pust raises the interesting point of financing for an IHSC of US health personnel working in developing countries 1 and for an IMSP for training physicians from developing countries in the United States. 2   To put these costs in context, we must understand that the United States has taken well over $1 billion in trained medical manpower, by minimum estimates, from the poor countries of the world.  There are several ways to estimate the value of the approximately 100 000 physicians 3 from the poor countries of the world who are working in the United States. The minimum measure is the cost of their education in their home country. A reasonable average real total cost of educating a physician in a developing country today is $10 000. 4,5 This estimate yields the figure of $1 billion. If we use the cost of educating a
Abstract 1507: Iron upregulates HLA-G mRNA expression of the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Authors: Jonathan F. Head, Xian P. Jiang, Robert L. Elliott
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract HLA-G is a nonclassical MHC Class I molecule that protects the fetus from the maternal immune system, and it also plays a role in immune evasion of cancer. Previously we have shown that iron can suppress the cytolytic function of natural killer cells to human breast cancer cell lines. We have found that breast cancer cells over express HLA-G mRNA and proteins in both cell lines and breast carcinomas. In order to determine if iron concentration affects HLA-G expression, we cultured the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in media with 100 mM, 400 mM, and 1600 mM of iron for 24 hours. We used RT-PCR to examine HLA-G mRNA expression of the MCF-7 cells. The PCR primers were designed so that they could detect all alternatively spliced HLA-G mRNA isoforms, 1000 bp (HLA-G1 and HLA-G5), 600 bp (HLA-G2 and HLA-G4), and 300 bp (HLA-G3). RT-PCR showed that the MCF-7 cells cultured with control medium only had one band of 300 bp mRNA expression. However, the MCF-7 cells cultured in medium containing 100 mM, 400 mM, and 1600 mM of iron had three bands of 300 bp, 600 bp, and 1000 bp HLA-G mRNA expression. Moreover, the intensity of the 300 bp band from the iron-treated MCF-7 cells is significantly higher than the cells cultured with control medium. In summary, iron upregulates the HLA-G mRNA expression of MCF-7 cells, and this probably contributes to cancer immunosuppression and to the cytolytic dysfunction of natural killer cells. Citation Format: Jonathan F. Head, Xian P. Jiang, Robert L. Elliott. Iron upregulates HLA-G mRNA expression of the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1507. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1507
Book Review Haemostasis and Thrombosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Edited by I.A. Greer, A.G.G. Turpie, and C.D. Forbes. 573 pp., illustrated. New York, Chapman and Hall/Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. $109.95. ISBN 0–442–31560–0 .
Authors: Steven Limentani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
IDIOSYNCRASY AND ANAPHYLAXIS
Authors: Alexander Sterling
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —Is idiosyncrasy the same as anaphylaxis? This question is asked often in consultation or by students in the lecture room. Can we interchange these words, using one when we mean the other whether we speak of food, drugs, animal emanations or hypersensitiveness in general? Richet writes:  Since the effect of a given poison on different individuals cannot be the same, the real difference between individual susceptibility and true anaphylaxis cannot be strictly defined, but there are certain instances of exceptionally marked individual susceptibility or a state of increased sensitivity, which we have no right, as yet, to include in the term of anaphylaxis. Indeed, it is possible by physiologic methods to modify the reaction of an animal in such a way that immediately after the injection of a poison it reacts like an anaphylactized animal.  Dr. Robert A. Cooke writes (The Journal, Sept. 6, 1919, p. 759):
Differential Diagnosis of Primary Versus Metastatic Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas Using Gene Mutation Analyses: A Case Report
Authors: Yoshimasa Nakazato, Ryota Tanaka, Erina Seki, Misa Iijima, Masaru Kojima, Masakazu Yoshizumi, Masahiko Kato, Hirokazu Kimura, Kunihisa Kozawa, Tomoyuki Goya
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Hemodynamics and annuloplasty in isolated mitral regurgitation in children.
Authors: R Sulayman, R Mathew, O G Thilenius, R Replogle, R A Arcilla
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Isolated mitral insufficiency in children is quantitated angiographically by comparing the stroke volumes of the right ventricle and left ventricle. The disease results in greater enlargement of the left atrium than of the left ventricle and is accompanied by a significant increase in left atrial "distensibility." Right and left heart pressures may be normal or may be increased; they tend to be elevated in the group with regurgitant fractions of over 50%. Annuloplasty results in marked clinical and hemodynamic improvement and may even be corrective.
Prognostic and Predictive Role of JWA and XRCC1 Expressions in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shouyu Wang, Xuming Wu, Yansu Chen, Jianbing Zhang, Jingjing Ding, Yan Zhou, Song He, Yongfei Tan, Fulin Qiang, Jin Bai, Jinyan Zeng, Zhenghua Gong, Aiping Li, Gang Li, Oluf Dimitri Røe, Jianwei Zhou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

To investigate the expression pattern and significance of DNA repair genes JWA and X-ray repair cross complement group 1 (XRCC1) in gastric cancer.Expressions of JWA and XRCC1 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a training cohort and they went into a second testing cohort and finally to a validating cohort. Prognostic and predictive role of JWA and XRCC1 expression status in cases treated with surgery alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated, respectively.JWA and XRCC1 protein levels were significantly downregulated in gastric cancer lesions compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. Low tumoral JWA or XRCC1 expression significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS), as well as with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients without adjuvant treatment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that low JWA and XRCC1 expressions, separately and together, were independent negative markers of OS. Adjuvant fluorouracil-leucovorin-oxaliplatin (FLO) significantly improved OS compared with surgery alone (log-rank test, P = 0.01). However, this effect was evident only in the JWA or XRCC1 low expression group (HR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.26-0.73; P = 0.002, and HR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75; P = 0.002, respectively); Adjuvant fluorouracil-leucovorin-platinol (FLP) did not improve OS, except in the patients with low JWA and XRCC1 expressions (P = 0.010 for JWA and 0.024 for XRCC1, respectively).JWA and XRCC1 protein expressions in tumor are novel candidate prognostic markers and predictive factors for benefit from adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (FLO or FLP) in resectable human gastric carcinoma.
Internally coated endotracheal tubes with silver sulfadiazine in polyurethane to prevent bacterial colonization: a clinical trial
Authors: Lorenzo Berra, Theodor Kolobow, Patrice Laquerriere, Betsey Pitts, Simone Bramati, Joshua Pohlmann, Chiara Marelli, Miriam Panzeri, Pietro Brambillasca, Federico Villa, Andrea Baccarelli, Sylvie Bouthors, Henry T. Stelfox, Luca M. Bigatello, Joel Moss, Antonio Pesenti
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Health policy and race equality: an illusion of progress?
Authors: A. McNaught
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

February 2004 saw the report of an inquiry into the case of David 'Rocky' Bennett, an African–Caribbean with schizophrenia, who had died after prolonged physical restraint by mental health nurses. Among its recommendations the inquiry team, led by the retired judge Sir John Blofeld, called on the Government to admit to the presence throughout the National Health Service of 'institutionalized racism'.1 In his response the Secretary of State for Health, John Reid, made no such admission but he did concede that 'there is discrimination in the NHS, both direct and indirect'. Much, indeed, has been published on inequalities within the Service—affecting not only patients but also staff.2 How is it that, after two decades of race relations initiatives, the culture of the NHS remains resistant to change on these issues?

Part of the answer may lie in policy process within the NHS. Two key papers in the 1980s examined the balance of power within the Service. Both Ham3 and Hunter4 concluded, from study of hospital boards, that managers seeking to do the Government's will often fought a losing battle with the conservatism of the health professions; at that time, government could only guide, not instruct. In addition, Hunter noted that the decision-making process was essentially isolated from lay input.

Since those times the power structure has changed radically. Governments, frustrated by the inertia or recalcitrance of local health authorities and boards, progressively replaced the system of guidance with central mechanisms of 'command and control'. These changes were coupled with efforts to increase public participation, lay membership of health trusts and authorities being reshaped on the lines of non-executive directorships in the private sector. Such attempts at increasing lay involvement cannot, however, be rated a success. Appointments are essentially made on a personal basis, and community health councils have been replaced by a confusing network divorced from community politics or local government; the stress is on individual consumerist 'choice'. The position today is that management has been strengthened but community power remains virtually non-existent. In this paper I argue that the question of 'institutionalized racism' in the NHS has to be viewed in relation to the elites who make policy.
Delayed Idiosyncratic Psychosis With Phenytoin-Reply
Authors: Clarence E. McDanal
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Dr Mark referred to the association of epilepsy and abnormal behavior documented by references supporting this clinical finding. We also knew that this phenomenon existed but had the complicated clinical problem of finding which factors influenced our patient's condition and what treatment would be best for her. The most significant clinical change resulted after discontinuing the use of phenytoin, even though the phenytoin blood levels were much below toxic range and the patient had no other signs of phenytoin toxicity. We were not certain as to the cause of this abnormal behavior and psychosis, but the phenytoin clearly had an influence.  Since we have reported this isolated occurrence, perhaps other physicians will find patients with a similar response to phenytoin or other anticonvulsants.
Accuracy of Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: J. George Teplick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to take issue with the statement in the excellent paper by Hildner and Ormond, entitled "Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism" (202:564, 1967), that "no feature of routine roentgenograms of the chest was clearly helpful in diagnosing or excluding embolism." In 1964, studies of the size and appearance of the main pulmonary artery in chest roentgenograms of both normal individuals and of 44 patients with verified pulmonary embolism showed an increased width and convexity of the main pulmonary artery segment in more than half of those with embolism. These changes were sometimes quite marked. However, in many instances the increase in size of the pulmonary segment was minimal and subtle, yet quite apparent when compared with any available chest x-ray film of the same patient made prior to the embolism or with chest x-ray films made serially thereafter. Subsequent to publication of
Human natural anti-Gal IgG regulates alternative complement pathway activation on bacterial surfaces.
Authors: R M Hamadeh, G A Jarvis, U Galili, R E Mandrell, P Zhou, J M Griffiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

One percent of circulating IgG in humans recognizes galactose alpha 1,3 galactose residues (anti-Gal) and is synthesized in response to stimulation by enteric bacteria. In this study, we found that the prevalence of binding of anti-Gal to blood isolates is significantly higher than its binding to normal stool isolates. When anti-Gal bound onto the lipopolysaccharide of a representative blood isolate, Serratia marcescens #21, it blocked its alternative complement pathway (ACP) lysis and made the organism serum resistant. In contrast, when anti-Gal bound to the capsular polysaccharide of a serum sensitive Serratia, #7, it increased ACP killing of this strain. The mechanism of blockade of ACP lysis by anti-Gal did not involve a decrease in the number of C3 molecules deposited onto Serratia #21 or an inhibition of the binding of C3b to its LPS, nor did it change the iC3b and C3d degradation products of bound C3b or prevent membrane attack complex formation on this organism. Our findings suggest that the effect of anti-Gal on immune lysis is dependent on the bacterial outer membrane structure to which it binds. We postulate that anti-Gal may play a role in the survival of selected Enterobacteriacae in Gram-negative sepsis by blocking ACP-mediated lysis of such bacteria by the nonimmune host, and that this effect depends on where anti-Gal finds its epitope on the bacterial outer membrane.
Minimal change chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: T N Walsh, J Rode, B A Theis, R C Russell
Journal: Gut (1992)

In patients with severe abdominal pain, of pancreatic origin, there are a few with minimal or equivocal findings on pancreatic investigation and in whom the aetiology of their pancreatic disease is elusive. The findings and outcome in 16 of these patients (four men and 12 women) who underwent resection are reported. Pancreatic imaging showed minimal or equivocal findings in all 16; pancreas divisum was present in five. All were managed conservatively at first but resection was required for progression of symptoms. A drainage procedure was performed initially in five patients but relief of pain was at best transitory before further surgery was required. Partial resection was needed in 12, of whom eight required subsequent completion pancreatectomy and four had a one stage total resection. Nine patients are currently pain free after resection or are very much improved, while six are no better and one patient has died from an unrelated cause. Histology of resected specimens showed chronic inflammatory changes accompanied by subtle non-inflammatory changes in all but one. These changes include duct proliferation, duct complex formation, adenomatous nodules, and acinar cell atrophy, the significance of which is unclear. These findings suggest a syndrome of minimal macroscopic and radiological change chronic pancreatitis with pain as its chief clinical feature and a distinct histology, the aetiology of which is unclear. It seems that there is a distinct syndrome of minimal change pancreatitis, among the group of patients which presents with the clinical features of chronic pancreatitis.