tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on aspirin and taurocholate-induced gastric mucosal damage.
Authors: P H Rowe, R C Mason, M H Jourdan
Journal: Gut (1986)

Effect of cimetidine and omeprazole on aspirin and taurocholate-induced gastric mucosal damage SIR,-The study by Utley et al (Gut 1985; 26: 770-5) concludes that cimetidine, but not omeprazole can protect the pylorus ligated rat against gastric mucosal injury induced by topical aspirin or tauro- cholate.These conclusions are not strictly valid, because the gastric mucosal injury was only assessed macroscopically.If a study is designed to investigate and compare the cytoprotective qualities of two drugs, then surely a histological assessment of the gastric mucosal injury is mandatory.The omission of histology in the earlier studies by
Neurologic Dysfunction in the Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: PATRICIA M. MOORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Three specific patterns of neurologic deficit were seen in a group of 52 patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Central nervous system dysfunction was seen in 7 patients (15%), 4 of whom had a distinctive encephalopathy characterized by behavioral disturbances and upper motor neuron signs. Peripheral neuropathy was found in 27 patients (52%), with a sensory polyneuropathy the commonest form (in 23 patients), although mononeuritis multiplex and radiculopathy were also seen. Central nervous system abnormalities from embolic disorders were seen in 6 patients (12%). Thus, a total of 65% of these patients had some neurologic dysfunction. Although the spectrum of neurologic disease is broad and includes very different manifestations, we conclude that distinct patterns of neurologic involvement are characteristic of this syndrome.
Microwave Recanalization: Thermal Effects with Nitinol and Stainless-Steel Stents
Authors: I. Maetani, T. Ukika, H. Inoue, Y. Igarashi, Y. Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A previous study we conducted evaluated the thermal effects of microwave irradiation when attempting recanalization of a nitinol stent occluded by tumor ingrowth. The present study evaluates the thermal effects of microwave irradiation on different stents in vitro.The thermal response to microwave energy was evaluated in a muscle-equivalent phantom containing a nitinol (Accuflex) or stainless-steel stent (Wallstent). The phantom temperature was monitored continuously at different distances from an electrode, with either stent type in place. The tip of the electrode was either in contact with the stent or not in contact with it.The steel stent showed a smaller temperature increase than nitinol at 2 mm from the electrode. Without electrode contact, the stents did not differ significantly during the first 40s of irradiation. The stents did not differ significantly with regard to temperatures further from the electrode. When the electrode was in contact with the stent, the rise in temperature was significantly greater with the stainless-steel stent than with the nitinol one, but the phantom temperature did not exceed 45 degrees C with either of the stents.In patients with a Wallstent stainless-steel stent, microwave coagulation therapy to recanalize stent occlusions appears to be feasible in the same conditions as with an Accuflex nitinol stent.
486 Prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril
Authors: L GUO, L TUCKER, G ARTEEL
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine and has been associated with protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. In vitro, both resveratrol preconditioning (RPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) require activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, to induce neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we tested two hypotheses: (a) that neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia can be induced by RPC in vivo; and (b) that RPC neuroprotection involves alterations in mitochondrial function via the SIRT1 target mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). IPC was induced by 2 min of global ischemia (temporary bilateral carotid artery occlusion with hypotension), and RPC, by i.p. injection of resveratrol at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg dosages. Forty-eight hours later, we compared the neuroprotective efficacy of RPC and IPC in vulnerable cornu ammonis 1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons using a rat model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA). SIRT1 activity was measured using a SIRT1-specific fluorescent enzyme activity assay. In hippocampal mitochondria isolated 48 h after IPC or RPC, we measured UCP2 levels, membrane potential, respiration, and the mitochondrial ATP synthesis efficiency (ADP/O ratio). Both IPC and RPC induced tolerance against brain injury induced by cardiac arrest in this in vivo model. IPC increased SIRT1 activity at 48 h, while RPC increased SIRT1 activity at 1 h but not 48 h after treatment in hippocampus. Resveratrol significantly decreased UCP2 levels by 35% compared to sham-treated rats. The SIRT1-specific inhibitor sirtinol abolished the neuroprotection afforded by RPC and the decrease in UCP2 levels. Finally, RPC significantly increased the ADP/O ratio in hippocampal mitochondria reflecting enhanced ATP synthesis efficiency. In conclusion, in vivo resveratrol pretreatment confers neuroprotection similar to IPC via the SIRT1–UCP2 pathway.
On being well groomed
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Once upon a time, when I was acting as medical officer for an infantry battalion enduring the rigours of garrison life in Gibraltar, a soldier came to see me because he was worried about his drinking. He was an ordinary rifleman in his early 20s, properly concerned that most evenings he was getting through 12 to 16 pints of beer.

I listened to him, read some regulations, made a telephone call or two, and arranged for him to be flown home for a couple of weeks on a services alcohol rehabilitation programme which seemed to get good results. Then another young rifleman came …
The Genoese Riviera in Spring: Swiss Mountain Stations in June
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1878)

&i7ft.-~t 7,-i4t.-Bk7S fl 3if~DcZ D OtIRNALS - 0--349-Bkr~ñ ence than most London physicixns can have of diabetes, inasmuch as the waters of Carlsbad are justly held to be of great value in the treat- ment of that malady.Two years ago, I was talking with him on the alternation of gouty inflammation with glycosuria.I do not think he quite agreed with me then; but he tells me that, having since directed his attention to the alternation, he has several times observed it, and accepts the clinical fact.I must again remind you that the practical recognition of the fact was first made by Dr. Gairdner.The modifi- cation of the form of uric acid by the presence of sugar is also a fact worthy of careful notice.
Prevalence of migraine in patients with diabetes.
Authors: W K Burn, D Machin, W E Waters
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Cardiac arrest after treatment with intravenous domperidone Domperidone (Motilium, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a widely used antiemetic.We report four cases of cardiac arrest after intravenous administration of this drug. Case reportsCase 1-A 53 year old woman with inoperable ovarian carcinoma was receiving treatment with cisplatinum.Before starting treatment she had been clinically well with normal electrolyte concentrations (potassium 3-7 mmol(mEq)/1; normal 3 4-5 0 mmol/l).She was given domperidone
An international consortium proposal of uniform response criteria for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) in adults
Authors: Michael R. Savona, Luca Malcovati, Rami Komrokji, Ramon V. Tiu, Tariq I. Mughal, Attilio Orazi, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Eric Padron, Eric Solary, Raoul Tibes, Raphael Itzykson, Mario Cazzola, Ruben Mesa, Jaroslaw Maciejewski, Pierre Fenaux, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Aaron Gerds, Guillermo Sanz, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Francisco Cervantes, Ulrich Germing, Nicholas C. P. Cross, Alan F. List
Journal: Blood (2015)
Successful Medical Treatment of Scleroderma Renal Crisis
Authors: Cody Wasner, C. Robert Cooke, James F. Fries
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

RENAL disease is a frequent cause of death in scleroderma.1 2 3 4 Renal function can change either gradually or abruptly with the onset of a syndrome similar to malignant hypertension.4 This syndrome of severe uncontrolled hypertension and rapidly progressive renal failure (scleroderma renal crisis) had been considered uniformly and rapidly fatal1 , 4 5 6 7 8 9 until Richardson6 described a patient who survived after nephrectomy and hemodialysis. Subsequently, several patients have survived with hemodialysis or renal transplantation (or both) — often with bilateral nephrectomy as well. Long-term survival has not been reported with only medical antihypertensive therapy of scleroderma renal crisis.10 The present report documents our experience . . .
Thyroid, Gastric, and Adrenal Autoimmunities Associated with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Noel K Maclaren, William J Riley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Thyroid microsomal, gastric parietal, and adrenocortical autoantibodies were sought in 1456 Caucasian and 240 black patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in 1467 of the Caucasian patients' immediate family members, and in 1519 normal Caucasian control subjects. Positive clinical significances and predictive values of these autoantibodies for associated gland dysfunctions were found. In all groups, thyroid and gastric autoantibodies were more common in female subjects. In the control group, thyroid and gastric autoantibodies were more frequent with advancing age, affecting more than one-third of Caucasian women after age 60 yr. This age-augmented increase occurred very prematurely in patients with IDDM and their relatives. Among the patients with IDDM and thyroid and gastric autoantibodies, these autoantibodies appeared by the time of onset of IDDM in the large majority of cases; however, they were more common among patients with later ages of onset of IDDM. Occurrence of thyroid and gastric autoantibodies in 404 siblings of patients with IDDM was not affected by their degree of HLA-haplotype sharing with their diabetic sibling, suggesting that the inherited predisposition to thyroid and gastric autoimmunity is not HLA-related. In light of this, the increased frequencies of these antibodies in patients with IDDM and their relatives suggest that "thyroid and gastric autoimmunity genes" may also predispose to IDDM.
Perspective on therapy
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association between physicians' experience after training and maternal obstetrical outcomes: cohort study
Authors: A. J. Epstein, S. K. Srinivas, S. Nicholson, J. Herrin, D. A. Asch
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To assess the association between obstetricians' years of experience after training and the maternal complications of their patients during their first 40 years of post-residency practice.Retrospective cohort analysis.Obstetrical discharges from acute care hospitals in Florida and New York between academic years 1992 and 2009.6,704,311 deliveries performed by 5175 obstetricians.Three composite measures of maternal complication rates per physician year from vaginal and cesarean births separately and combined, adjusted for secular trends.Obstetricians' maternal complication rates declined during the first three decades after completion of residency. The improvement was largest in the first decade and diminished thereafter. For all deliveries, the change was -0.21 (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.19) percentage points per year in the first decade, -0.11 (-0.13 to -0.09) percentage points per year in the second decade, and -0.05 (-0.08 to -0.01) percentage points in the third decade (P<0.001 for second to first decade comparison; P=0.001 for third to second decade comparison). The patterns were comparable for cesarean deliveries and vaginal deliveries and across several sensitivity checks.Among obstetricians practicing in Florida and New York, those with more years of experience had fewer maternal complications. This association persisted over the first three decades of practice but diminished in magnitude.
CHANGES IN THE VASOMOTOR REACTION ASSOCIATED WITH GLOMUS TUMORS
Authors: Samuel J. Stabins, John J. Thornton, W. J. Merle Scott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

The interesting clinical syndrome produced by tumors of the glomic structures in the extremities was first described by Masson in 1924 (1) and called by hlim, gloiinus tumors.WVe lhave col- lected from the literature seventy-four cases of this condition (Table I).This condition is easily TABLE I Cases reported
Identification of pharmacological chaperones as potential therapeutic agents to treat phenylketonuria
Authors: Angel L. Pey, Ming Ying, Nunilo Cremades, Adrian Velazquez-Campoy, Tanja Scherer, Beat Thöny, Javier Sancho, Aurora Martinez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Over 500 disease-causing mutations have been identified in humans, most of which result in PAH protein misfolding and increased turnover in vivo. The use of pharmacological chaperones to stabilize or promote correct folding of mutant proteins represents a promising new direction in the treatment of misfolding diseases. We performed a high-throughput ligand screen of over 1,000 pharmacological agents and identified 4 compounds (I–IV) that enhanced the thermal stability of PAH and did not show substantial inhibition of PAH activity. In further studies, compounds III (3-amino-2-benzyl-7-nitro-4-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-1-one) and IV (5,6-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one) stabilized the functional tetrameric conformation of recombinant WT-PAH and PKU mutants. These compounds also significantly increased activity and steady-state PAH protein levels in cells transiently transfected with either WT-PAH or PKU mutants. Furthermore, PAH activity in mouse liver increased after a 12-day oral administration of low doses of compounds III and IV. Thus, we have identified 2 small molecules that may represent promising alternatives in the treatment of PKU.
Problems of Psychotherapy of Patients with Alexithymic Characteristics and Physical Disease
Authors: Peter E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

The principles which govern the kind of psychotherapy best suited for patients with physical disease who may or may not have alexithymic characteristics are based on the careful psychiatric evaluation of the patient's psychological difficulties, and on the early cooperation between the psychiatrist and his medical colleagues. The nature of the alexithymic phenomena is discussed and the words 'affect', 'emotion' and 'feeling' are defined. Supportive psychotherapeutic measures are indicated for patients with alexithymic characteristics. These can be offered by the medical personnel in consultation with a psychiatrist. Psychodynamic psychotherapy, on the other hand, offered by a well-qualified psychiatrist is the treatment of choice for neurotic problems which complicate the patient's physical illness.
MULTIPLE VIRUS INFECTION OF SINGLE HOST CELLS
Authors: Jerome T. Syverton, George Packer Berry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Evidence is presented to show that two or more viruses can simultaneously manifest their characteristic activities within individual epithelial cells of the normal rabbit's cornea. This evidence, together with that previously presented (1, 5, 6), makes plain that multiple virus infection of a single host cell can take place in corneal cells, in the cells of chick embryos, and in those of rabbit tumors, both benign (Shope's papilloma) and malignant. Certain implications of the findings are discussed.
Uric Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Raffaele Maio, Francesca Mallamaci, Giorgio Sesti, Francesco Perticone
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggests that serum uric acid (UA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. However, endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of cardiovascular events, particularly in hypertensive patients. For assessment of the association between UA and endothelial function, 217 (108 men, 109 women; aged 48.0 +/- 10.6 yr) white never-treated hypertensive patients were studied. All patients underwent the following procedures: BP measurements, laboratory tests (C-reactive protein [CRP], insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment, serum creatinine, and UA), and endothelial function evaluated by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh). Serum creatinine, CRP, and maximal vasodilatory response to ACh were related to the UA (all P < 0.0001). In the multiple regression analysis, serum UA ranked as the third correlate of peak of forearm blood flow predictor, after homeostasis model assessment and CRP. The data show an independent link between UA and endothelial function, also in a statistical model that included CRP. In conclusion, the data demonstrate an inverse and significant relationship between UA and ACh-stimulated vasodilation in patients with uncomplicated, untreated essential hypertension, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Probably, the chronic inflammation that was documented in these patients may be considered the mechanistic link between serum UA and vascular damage.
Measuring quality in colorectal surgery
Authors: A. Morris
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Is only the first step in the more important goal of improving quality

Over the past 10 years, the spotlight on quality in medical and especially surgical care has intensified for several important reasons. High profile reports have publicised vast numbers of (presumably) avoidable adverse outcomes1; clinically unexplained variations in use and outcomes of care persist2 3; and sophisticated software and hardware permit population based tracking of multiple quality measures.4 Accordingly, researchers and policy makers have prioritised the identification of relevant and actionable measures of quality.

Primary medical care tends to be longitudinal, so quality is often tracked by processes of care, such as delivery of treatment or cancer screening—with little pragmatic knowledge of the ultimate outcomes. In contrast, surgical care is cross sectional, so it is therefore cheap and feasible to measure surgical outcomes. Whereas the outcomes measured in medical care are often positive (for example, reduction in glycated haemoglobin, survival), the clinical outcomes measured most commonly in surgical care are negative (for example, 30 day mortality and perioperative morbidity).

One such adverse outcome, unplanned return to the operating room after colorectal surgery, is assessed in the linked retrospective study by Burns and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4836).5 Unplanned reoperation is an appealing target …
Assessment and follow-up of patients with aortic regurgitation by an updated Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the regurgitant fraction in the aortic arch.
Authors: T Touche, R Prasquier, A Nitenberg, D de Zuttere, R Gourgon
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine the value and limitations of an updated Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the aortic regurgitant fraction derived from the comparison of forward and reverse flows in the aortic arch. The method was based on the improvements in sampling and displaying Doppler frequencies and blood velocities provided by pulsed-emission, two-dimensional location, and spectral analysis and on an account for variations of aortic diameter through an M mode record of the aortic arch. Relevant statistical comparisons were performed between simultaneous noninvasive and invasive determinations of the regurgitant fraction in a group of 30 patients with aortic regurgitation (group I) and between simultaneous noninvasive and invasive measurements of variations of the regurgitant fraction induced by atrial pacing or vasodilator administration in 12 patients of this group. The two basal determinations were closely correlated (r = .90). The invasive regurgitant fraction ranged from 0% to 80%. The standard error of the Doppler estimate was 8.8% in group I as a whole and was only 6% in a subgroup of 20 patients with a high systolic aortic flow pattern, defined as both peak velocity above 0.8 m/sec and duration of systolic flow above 0.24 sec. This pattern was present in almost all (19/22) patients in whom the aortic regurgitation was more than moderate by invasive criterion (regurgitant fraction above 40%). The standard error of the Doppler estimate of variations of the regurgitant fraction was only 6.6%. Among 100 additional patients with aortic regurgitation (group II), only 12 had no pandiastolic reverse flow in the arch, and their regurgitation was always mild at aortographic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GMC prioritises care of people with learning disabilities
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Improving doctors’ understanding of the needs of people with learning disabilities will take priority in the General Medical Council’s new three year plan to improve care.

A 12 page consultation document on the GMC’s equality scheme for 2011-14 states that its intention is to “develop materials to raise doctors’ awareness of the needs and experiences of patients with learning disabilities.”

Jane O’Brien, the GMC’s assistant director on standards, said, “There is evidence that patients with learning disabilities get a worse deal. We are keen to hear views about what we can do …
Born in Jeopardy
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Born in jeopardy, reared in adversity, and matured in uncertainty—this is the lot cast for many in the developing countries of the tropics. The low-birth-weight infant whose intrauterine life and perinatal existence are periled by infection and malnutrition faces just such a tragic cycle—if he survives.  The April and May issues ofAmerican Journal of Diseases of Childrenpresent reports and discussions from an exciting workshop on the latent effects of malnutrition and infection during pregnancy on the growth and development of the child. The workshop was held on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP). The subject is most appropriate for a symposium marking INCAP's anniversary, for the Institute has become a renowned center for such studies.  The Institute's initial efforts were directed to the evaluation of the nutritional status and food-use habits of segments of populations under the