tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat.
Authors: B Schieffer, A Wirger, M Meybrunn, S Seitz, J Holtz, U N Riede, H Drexler
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND After myocardial infarction, the noninfarcted left ventricle develops reactive hypertrophy associated with a depressed coronary flow reserve, myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and reduced capillary density. The present study investigated the comparative cardiac effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blockade in the rat model of myocardial infarction and failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven days after coronary ligation (MI), rats were randomized to enalapril (n = 8; 500 micrograms.kg-1.d-1), losartan (n = 9; 3 mg.kg-1.d-1), or placebo (n = 8) and treated for 6 weeks. Sham-operated rats (n = 10) served as controls. Coronary blood flow was measured with radiolabeled microspheres during baseline and maximal coronary dilation induced by dipyridamole (2 mg.kg-1.min-1 over 10 minutes). Right and left ventricular (LV) weight was increased in infarcted rats compared with sham-operated animals and enalapril- and losartan-treated MI rats. Minimal LV and right ventricular coronary vascular resistance was increased in MI rats but normalized with enalapril and losartan (LV:sham, 8.9; MI-placebo, 12.7; MI-enalapril, 9.2; MI-losartan, 8.8 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.g-1, all P &lt; .05 versus MI-placebo). Interstitial fibrosis determined from perfusion-fixed hearts was increased in infarcted rats but reduced by both enalapril and losartan. Myocardial capillary density improved with enalapril and losartan. In separate groups treated as above, plasma and tissue ACE activity was determined and demonstrated significantly higher ACE activity in noninfarcted LV tissue of MI-placebo rats compared with sham (0.64 vs 0.27 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P &lt; .05). Enalapril and losartan reduced LV ACE activity (0.39 and 0.29 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, P &lt; .05 versus MI-placebo). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that both chronic ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade (1) reduces cardiac hypertrophy, (2) restores minimal coronary vascular resistance in postinfarction reactive hypertrophy, and (3) attenuates the development of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the noninfarcted LV. These results suggest that inhibition of generation of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor blockade are equally effective in preventing important features of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Modern Medicine and Jewish Law
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Aside from a somewhat naive discussion on the permissibility of human healing, a questionable inclusion of smoking as a religious issue, and an irrelevant chapter on "Creation and Evolution," this scholarly book faithfully adheres to its avowed purpose of presenting the Orthodox Jewish religious stand on important ethical problems in medicine. Contraception, abortion, artificial insemination, euthanasia, time of death, autopsy, organ transplantation, and suicide are discussed in the light of biblical precepts and precedents and their exegeses from Talmudic through medieval to modern times. Since problems such as smoking, planned artificial insemination, organ transplantation, and "brain death" did not exist in biblical days, many judgments are inferential. As such they are more in the nature of guidelines than of dogmatic pronouncements, thus allowing for change, argument, even dissent. Alongside the views of Orthodox Judaism the author presents—albeit in much less detail—those of the Catholic and Protestant churches and of the
A pharmacodynamic study of sorafenib in patients with relapsed and refractory acute leukemias
Authors: K W Pratz, E Cho, M J Levis, J E Karp, S D Gore, M McDevitt, A Stine, M Zhao, S D Baker, M A Carducci, J J Wright, M A Rudek, B D Smith
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
LaVeen Continuous Peritoneal-Jugular Shunt
Authors: Simon Wapnick
Journal: JAMA (1977)

30 consecutive patients with cirrhosis of the liver complicated by refractory ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, or both, received a LeVeen peritonealvenous shunt. After surgery, these patients demonstrated a decreased abdominal girth (108 vs 93 cm,<i>P</i>&lt;.001), decreased body weight (80 vs 70 kg,<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and increased urinary flow (607 vs 4,254 ml,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). All patients had previously failed to show substantial benefit with 7 to 124 days of medical care. The mean BUN value was significantly decreased, from 39 to 23 mg/100 ml (<i>P</i>&lt;.005). Aldosterone retention was reduced from a mean value of 32 to 12.8 ng/100 ml. The LeVeen continuous peritoneal-venous shunt is an important innovation that completely relieves refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients and reverses the pathophysiology of the hepatorenal syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>237:131-133, 1977)
A circulating substance cross-reacting with antiimidazoline antibodies. Detection in serum in relation to essential hypertension.
Authors: M Dontenwill, A Molines, A Verdun, G Bricca, S Laurent, P Bousquet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

It has been shown in various mammal species that clonidine, a well known centrally acting hypotensive agent, acts through the activation of imidazoline receptors (IRs) in the nucleus reticularis lateralis (NRL) of the brainstem. Specific binding sites sensitive to imidazolines and insensitive to catecholamines have been detected in rat and bovine, as well as human brains. An endogenous ligand, other than catecholamines, should exist for these IRs. Such a ligand could play a role in the pathophysiology of human essential hypertension. Therefore, we developed two RIAs with polyclonal and monoclonal anticlonidine antibodies. These antibodies presented specificity spectra similar to that of the IRs: they bound imidazolines and not catecholamines at all. These RIAs were used to detect imidazoline-like immunoreactivity in the human serum. Immunoreactive substance was measured in 26 normotensive subjects' sera, and specificity of interaction between antibodies and sera was verified. None of the known endogenous substances tested so far were able to interact with the two antibodies. Immunoreactivity in 32 essential hypertensive patients' sera proved higher in approximately 30% of cases. Values of immunoreactivity positively correlated with the mean arterial pressure values. This study demonstrates the existence of an "imidazoline-like" immunoreactive substance in the human serum with high levels in some hypertensive patients.
The Chemical and Physiological Changes in Milk Caused by Boiling
Authors: J. L. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1895)

lhal= 1491 to the neck of the bladder.No blood had ever been observed in the urine, which was alkaline and purulent.There was no perceptible enlargement of the prostate, and no stone could be detected on sounding the bladder, which was ex- tremely sensitive, especially at its neck, the introduction of any instrument exciting very severe spasm.As the sym- ptoms were somewhat obscure, it was resolved to explore the bladder from above the pubes, and the patient came into a private home for this purpose.May 14th, 1891.Suprapubic cystotomy was performed in the ordinary way, and upon exploring the bladder a small phos- phatic calculus was found lying loose in its interior.On further examination an opening, just large enough to admit
Cellular localization of rheumatoid factor idiotypes.
Authors: V R Bonagura, H G Kunkel, B Pernis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

the stimulation of lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients with pokeweed mitogen produces a large number of plasma cells that express the dominant cross-reactive idiotype previously found on monoclonal IgM anti-gamma-globulins from patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Similar experiments with the cells of normal individuals show a much lower percentage of these cells with a lower intensity of staining with the fluorescent reagents utilized. Efforts to demonstrate rheumatoid factor in the same cells by fluorescent staining with aggregated gammaglobulin were entirely unsuccessful. This also proved to be the case for pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cells from the mixed cryoglobulinemic patients with large amounts of rheumatoid factor in the serum, despite high percentages of cells expressing the cross-reactive idiotype and also the individual idiotype. On the other hand, native plasma cells from synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients showed some cells with both the cross-reactive idiotype and aggregate staining. The exact reason for the failure to demonstrate rheumatoid factor by aggregate staining in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures remains to be determined despite considerable effort to resolve the problem. The most likely possibility is that these plasma cells are relatively immature and have not accumulated polymeric IgM in their cytoplasm to the degree seen in synovial tissue plasma cells. The monomeric forms are readily recognized by the antiidiotypic antibodies and these reagents appear to be of particular value for cellular studies of this type.
Fragment Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Philipp S. Wild, Rainer J. Zotz
Journal: Circulation (2002)

If transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is to play a role in coronary diagnostics, satisfactory image documentation of the coronary status is indispensable so that the requirements for validity and quality assurance of a medical examination can be met. Our goal was to develop a suitable and valid procedure for imaging coronary arteries with 2D TEE.After pilot trials and formulation of requirements, a new method of imaging coronary arteries was designed, supported by theoretical and mathematical principles: FRC-TEE, or fragment reconstruction of coronary arteries by means of 2D TEE. The method generates images of successive vessel fragments so that reconstruction in a summation picture is possible. The procedure orients itself to the vessel and ensures proof of identity by permanently following it on the screen. FRC-TEE was evaluated in 12 consecutive patients with an indication for TEE. One hundred percent visualization in proximal, middle, and distal segments was achieved. The total lengths visualized were 10.74+/-2.56 cm for the right and 8.67+/-1.12 cm for the left coronary artery. Stents and stenoses within the vessels were identified convincingly. Because of a technical problem, investigation of the left anterior descending artery was initially avoided. In a pilot trial series (n=12), 6.65+/-0.92 cm of this vessel was imaged.FRC-TEE is a newly developed method of visualizing coronary arteries by means of ultrasound, which permits good pictorial documentation. Initial studies have achieved promising results. Representation of the length of coronary arteries with ultrasound was considerably improved with this technique.
Improvement of left ventricular relaxation as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging in fluid-responsive critically ill septic patients
Authors: Yazine Mahjoub, Hélène Benoit-Fallet, Norair Airapetian, Emmanuel Lorne, Mélanie Levrard, Abdoul-Aziz Seydi, Nacim Amennouche, Michel Slama, Hervé Dupont
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Abstract 4772: Hyperphosphorylated Paratarg-7, the first autosomal-dominantly inherited risk factor for hematological neoplasias: hyperphosphorylation by PKCzeta
Authors: Klaus-Dieter Preuss, Natalie Fadle, Evi Regitz, Sandra Grass, Markus Klotz, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Antigenic targets of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM) paraproteins might play a role in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. By screening a commercially available recombinant human cDNA expression macroarray we identified paratarg-7 as the antigenic target of the paraprotein from 14% (35/252) of all patients analyzed (Preuss et al. Int J Cancer 2009). The high frequency of hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 as the antigenic target of paraproteins from MM/MGUS patients suggests that the modified protein is involved in the development of sporadic and familial MGUS/MM by acting as a chronic antigenic stimulus for the respective B-cell clones. With a relative risk of 7.9, the carrier state of hyperphosphorylated paratarg-7 (pP-7) is the strongest risk factor for the development of MGUS/MM. Moreover, the analysis of consanguineous relatives of MM/MGUS patients with an anti-paratarg-7 specific paraprotein showed that pP7 is inherited in a dominant fashion (Grass et al., Lancet Oncology, 2009). Here we present data showing that the hyperphosphorylation of paratarg-7 is due to an additional phosphorylation of this protein at the identical phosphorylation site when compared to normal paratarg-7. We identified protein kinase C zeta as responsible for this hyperphosphorylation which specifically occurs on Ser17 which is part of the 15 amino acid region identified as the paraprotein-binding epitope in all paratarg-7-immunopositive patients. In additional experiments no DNA modification of PKCzeta was detected. As shown by Western blot experiments and quantitative PCR no overexpression or copy number variation of PKCzeta was shown, suggesting that other not yet identified enzyme(s) must be involved in the process of paratarg-7 hyperphosphorylation or the maintenance of the hyperphosphorylated state. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4772.
Book Review Sharing the Burden: Strategies for public and private long-term care insurance By Joshua M. Wiener, Laurel Hixon Illston, and Raymond J. Hanley. 243 pp. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution, 1994. $34.95 (cloth), $14.95 (paper). 0-8157-9378-2 (cloth), 0-8157-9377-4 (paper).
Authors: Harry Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Observational study design II
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers investigated whether the use of oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy was a risk factor for stroke. Data were taken from the General Practice Research Database, a computerised database of anonymised longitudinal medical records collected prospectively in primary care. A cohort of women was identified, aged 50-79 years with records between 1 January 1987 and 31 October 2006, and without a diagnosis of stroke on the date of registration with their general practice. A woman was identified as a case if she experienced a stroke during follow-up, and up to four controls were randomly selected from the cohort. Controls were matched to cases on age (within one year) at the date of diagnosis of the stroke, general practice where registered, and the year of joining the practice. The risk of stroke was increased with oral hormone replacement therapy of any dose but only with transdermal patches containing high doses of oestrogen.1

Which of the following best describes …
Cadmium-binding protein (metallothionein) in carp.
Authors: H Kito, Y Ose, T Sato
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

When carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 5 and 30 ppm Cd in the water, the contents of Cd-binding protein, which has low molecular weight, increased in the hepatopancreas, kidney, gills and gastrointestinal tract with the duration of exposure. This Cd-binding protein was purified from hepatopancreas, kidney, gills, and spleen of carp administered 2 mg/kg Cd (as CdCl2), intraperitoneally for 6 days. Two Cd-binding proteins were separated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. These proteins had Cd-mercaptide bond, high cysteine contents (ca. 29-34%), but no aromatic amino acids or histidine. From these characteristics the Cd-binding proteins were identified as metallothionein. By using antiserum obtained from a rabbit to which carp hepatopancreas MT-II had been administered, immunological characteristics between hepatopancreas MT-I, II and kidney MT-II were studied, and a slight difference in antigenic determinant was observed among them. By immunological staining techniques with horseradish peroxidase, the localization of metallothionein was investigated. In the nontreated group, metallothionein was present in the acinar cells of hepatopancreas and renal convoluted tubules. In the Cd-treated group (2 mg/kg IP daily for 3 days), metallothionein was present in the nuclei, sinusoids, and extracellular space of hepatopancreas, in addition to the acinar cells. Carp were bred in 1 ppm Cd, 5 ppm Zn solution, and tap water for 14 days, following transfer to 15 ppm Cd solution, respectively. The survival ratio was the highest in the Zn group followed by Cd-treated and control groups. The metallothionein contents increased in hepatopancreas and kidney in the order: Zn greater than Cd greater than control group.
"THE CARE OF THE VETERAN"
Authors: E. C. Ellett
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —The attention of the medical profession should be emphatically called to this subject, as discussed editorially inThe Journal, Nov. 15, 1924, p. 1591. This iniquitous legislation should be repealed if possible. The objectionable paragraph is quoted in the editorial. Briefly, it provides transportation and hospitalization for all veterans regardless of the nature or origin of their disabilities . For the rest of their lives these men will be sent to government hospitals and treated for all their ills, venereal diseases, acute illnesses and accidents of all kinds. It is the reductio ad absurdum of the present tendency of our law makers to cater to the noisy minority of ex-service men. This act became a law in June, 1924. There is a Veterans' Hospital located in this city, and the number of patients increased from about fifty to 190 on the passage of this act. The majority of
GMC will look at problems of discrimination
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The General Medical Council is to set up a working party, which will be chaired by one of the lay members, Mrs Rani Atma, to examine how it should respond to suggestions that discrimination, particularly racial discrimination, might occur in the way that complaints are dealt with. The problem has arisen because of the disproportionate number of doctors from ethnic minorities who are reported to the council, but as the president pointed out last week the council has no control over how a complaint is made. Sir Robert Kilpatrick was convinced, however, that once a complaint was received the actions taken by the screeners and the council's committees were free from discrimination on racial grounds. The ethnic background of doctors or patients, their religion, and the countries in which the doctors qualified were irrelevant to the consideration of any allegations. The council also had to be able to defend itself against any contrary accusation that it was discriminating on racial or other grounds against aggrieved patients rather than against doctors.

Several speakers endorsed the president's view but they welcomed the proposal to set up a working party. Dr Sriramashetty Venugopal hoped that the working party would be given wide terms of reference and would continue to consult with organisations such as the Commission for Racial Equality and the Patients Association. Professor Neil Kessel said that the working party must consider the problems faced by non-white doctors who qualify in Britain as well as overseas qualified doctors.

The president will chair another working party to examine how the council communicates with the …
Early and Advanced Gastric Cancer in the Follow-Up of Moderate and Severe Gastric Dysplasia Patients. A Prospective Study
Authors: F. Farinati, M. Rugge, F. Di Mario, F. Valiante, R. Baffa
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

The role of gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED) as a biological and morphological precursor of gastric cancer has been widely investigated, but few studies have prospectively evaluated the risk of its evolution into gastric cancer. In 1985, a prospective multicenter follow-up study was undertaken on patients with high-grade (moderate or severe) GED. The study involved 49 patients, with a follow-up currently averaging 18.8 months (range: 1-70) and a mean number of 4 endoscopies (range: 2-10). Follow-up was abandoned when 2 subsequent control endoscopies and a 1-year period were negative for GED, or when neoplasia was detected. Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 16 cases (33 %). The cancer was detected at an early stage in 10 patients (62 %). Eleven cases (59 %) were diagnosed within 1 year of follow-up and 5 cases after 13, 18, 21, 24 and 39 months, respectively. Cancer was associated with 36 % of moderate GED cases and with 80 % of severe cases. Dysplastic changes were no longer detectable at follow-up in 27 % of the moderate cases and in 10 % of the severe cases. The relative risks for the two lesions being associated with or evolving into gastric cancer were 26 and 132, respectively. In conclusion, high-grade (moderate or severe) GED is frequently associated with or evolves into gastric cancer. The follow-up of patients considerably enhances the chances of diagnosing gastric cancer in its early stages, thus making such an approach mandatory.
Infected Atrioventricular Shunt: Importance of Delayed (24-Hour) Tc-99m HMPAO Leukocyte Imaging
Authors: SAADET ATAY, MITHILESH KUMAR, SLEIMAN NADDAF, HUSSAM EL-ZEFTAWY, HANI H. ABUJUDEH, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The current recommendation for Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocyte imaging is at 4-6 hours. This early imaging might not be long enough for localization of the labeled leukocytes at a site of infection and for further blood pool clearance. The scintigraphic findings of a patient with an infected ventriculoatrial shunt were negative at 4 hours, whereas at 24 hours there was intense uptake in the region of the right atrium. The case demonstrates that the 24-hour images were more sensitive to localize an infected catheter in the right atrium. If early images performed the same day as the administration of Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocyte appear negative, delayed imaging the next day at 24 hours is recommended.
Mixing in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in man: evaluation of ventricular volume measurements from indicator washout curves
Authors: Attilio Maseri, Yale Enson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

To assess the mixing characteristics of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, radioiodinated 131I serum albumin and indocyanine green dye were injected simultaneously in 16 subjects. One indicator was injected into the atrium and the other into the ventricle, or both were injected at different sites in the ventricle. Washout curves were obtained by rapid catheter sampling alternately just above or just below the pulmonic valve. The washout of radioisotope was also recorded with a precordial scintillation detection probe.
Ethics of clinical trials from bayesian perspective: Society's role is important
Authors: S. J Senn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Lilford is right in his view of the importance of autonomy.1 However, because there are no rights without obligations, attempts to solve ethical problems at the point of sickness are doomed and consequently, equipoise is irrelevant.2 3 What is needed is something like Rawls's perspective of the original position.4

An alternative view of the ethics of clinical trials emphasises the role …
Increase of liver anti-oxidant enzyme activities in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A defense against an oxidative stress
Authors: G. Perlemuter, M.P. Corre, M. Conti, A. David-Spraul, C. Cosson, J.M. Oppert, L. Prat, V. Kuoch, V. Furlan, G. Pelletier, B. Guy-Grand, C. Buffet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)