tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevent Tobacco Deaths
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of dysrhythmia in pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: R E Kavey, H M Sondheimer, M S Blackman
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The association of dysrhythmias with mitral valve prolapse in pediatric patients was investigated by graded treadmill exercise testing and 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. Twenty-six unselected patients with a clinical diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse confirmed by echocardiography or angiocardiography or both were studied. On 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring, six patients (23%) had potentially serious ventricular dysrhythmias. Five of these patients also manifested ventricular dysrhythmias on treadmill exercise testing. Neither standard ECG abnormalities nor clinical symptoms correlated with detected dysrhythmias. This study shows that potentially serious ventricular arrhythmias are common in pediatric patients with mitral valve prolapse and that ambulatory ECG monitoring and treadmill exercise testing are useful for detecting dysrhythmias.
The Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the Survival of HIV-Infected Children in a Resource-Deprived Setting: A Cohort Study
Authors: Andrew Edmonds, Marcel Yotebieng, Jean Lusiama, Yori Matumona, Faustin Kitetele, Sonia Napravnik, Stephen R. Cole, Annelies Van Rie, Frieda Behets
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the survival of HIV-infected children has not been well quantified. Because most pediatric HIV occurs in low- and middle-income countries, our objective was to provide a first estimate of this effect among children living in a resource-deprived setting.
Mechanistic relationship among mutagenicity, skin sensitization, and skin carcinogenicity.
Authors: J Ashby, J Hilton, R J Dearman, R D Callander, I Kimber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Twenty organic Salmonella mutagens, seven of which (including benzo[a]pyrene) are established skin carcinogens, and one of which (2-chloroethanol) is a well-defined noncarcinogen to skin, have been evaluated for skin-sensitizing activity using the local lymph node assay. The relative mutagenicity of the agents to Salmonella was also established. Fourteen of the chemicals were positive in the local lymph node assay, including the seven skin carcinogens. 2-Chloroethanol was inactive as a sensitizing agent. We suggest that a variety of factors contributes to the lack of sensitizing activity of the remaining six bacterial mutagens: extremes of intrinsic chemical reactivity, high water solubility reducing dermal translocation, and inappropriate dermal metabolism. Two reference skin-sensitizing agents (an oxazolinone and fluorescein isothiocyanate) were established as in vitro clastogens after their recognition as nonmutagens to Salmonella. These data imply that mutagenicity, rather than simply activity in the Salmonella assay, is a primary stimulus for electrophilic sensitization and carcinogenic initiation in the skin. We conclude that genotoxicity data for an agent can provide indications of the agent's potential to induce skin sensitization and that genotoxins which are skin-sensitizing agents have an enhanced potential to initiate skin carcinogenesis. We suggest that common, albeit individually distinct, structure-activity relationships underpin genotoxicity, skin sensitization, and the initiation of skin carcinogenesis. These relationships should simplify the hazard evaluation of chemicals and contribute to a reduction in animal usage. Several predictions of skin carcinogenicity are made based on the data presented.
Diffuse Pulmonary Infection due to Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Anne L. Rassiga
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A 55-year-old black man, a lifelong resident of Cleveland, with chronic lymphatic leukemia developed a fatal, massive, pulmonary infection with diffuse bilateral alveolar infiltrate on x-ray film. Bronchial washings and postmortem examination showed the infectious agent to be<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>. Pulmonary infection is a unique mode of presentation of disseminated strongyloidiasis. The absence of significant prior gastrointestinal symptoms and the occurrence in a temperate climate are especially noteworthy. (<i>JAMA</i>230:426-427, 1974)
Intestinal uptake of macromolecules. Differences in distribution and degradation of protein antigen in control and immunised rats.
Authors: K Y Pang, W A Walker, K J Bloch
Journal: Gut (1981)

The present study examined intraluminal events in the in vivo processing of a protein antigen by the intestine of normal and orally immunised rats. One hour after the administration of 125I-bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) and unlabelled BSA by gavage, the majority of the radioactivity was found in the distal small intestine of control and immunised rats but there was a difference in the distribution of radioactivity. In contrast with controls, immunised rats retained a lesser percentage of radioactivity in the proximal small intestine and a greater percentage of radioactivity in the distal small intestine. Radioactive substances present in intestinal rinse fluids and mucosal extracts were characterised by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), density gradient ultracentrifugation, and by immunochemical methods. Rinse fluids and mucosal extracts from immunised rats fed 125I-BSA by gavage contained high molecular weight components with characteristics of antigen-antibody complexes. Rinse fluids and extracts of normal rats contained more intact BSA and less fragments of BSA than did rinse fluids and extracts from immunised animals. These findings suggest that oral immunisation alters the distribution of antigen administered into the gut and that immunisation enhances the intraluminal degradation of antigen.
Resolution of Heart Failure in Patients with AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Simon Dubrey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Patients with AL amyloidosis and congestive heart failure have a very poor prognosis. To date, the recovery of these patients has not been described in detail. Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of regression of disease in patients with congestive heart failure due to AL amyloidosis. Design: Review of patients with systemic AL amyloidosis. Setting: An international referral center for amyloidosis in the United States. Patients: 140 patients with congestive heart failure due to AL amyloidosis who were seen between 1983 and 1994. Measurements: Functional status, Doppler echocardiography, and objective measurements of disease activity. Results: 3 of 140 patients (2.1%) had marked resolution of congestive heart failure and evidence for remission of disease activity. All 3 had been treated with melphalan. Conclusions: Melphalan appears to have had a favorable effect in 3 patients with AL amyloidosis and heart failure. The abolition of light chains that was seen in these 3 patients suggests that light-chain toxicity may play a role in the genesis of heart failure in patients with AL amyloidosis.
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS
Authors: Marguerite M. Thomas, Herbert D. Taylor, William D. Witherbee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

This study consists of blood counts on nine rabbits after an exposure to x-rays of a 7/8 inch spark-gap, milliamperage 25, distance from the target 8 inches, and time of exposure 20 minutes. In seven of the nine animals there resulted an increase of the circulating lymphocytes. In five of these the increase was marked and in two others definite but not striking. Of the two animals which showed no stimulation one showed marked fluctuation of counts both before and after x-rays and the other little or no change. The higher penetrating dose (6 inch spark-gap, milliamperage 5, distance from the target 10 inches, time 26 minutes and 57 seconds) given to two animals produced no appreciable stimulation.
Remarks on the Clinical Use of Tromethamine (THAM)-Reply
Authors: Reuben C. Balagot
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  We are aware that THAM is not only an  in vivo , but an  in vitro  buffer. To express so in our paper would have been redundant. Samiy's 1 work on the interference with the [H+]-[Na+] exchange mechanism, and other electrolytes proves our contention, as demonstrated by Giotti and Meynert 2 and also by Waddell and Butler, 3 that such will interfere with the passive reabsorption of the unionized barbiturate ion in the proximal tubules. The plasma pH of 7.50-7.60, wherein this interference works best, is also ideal in forcing the barbiturate ion from intracellular extracellularly.  As to adequacy of respiration, we have in our recovery room, a Monagham and a Wright Ventilometer. Comatose patients are tested for tidal exchange and minute volume at regular intervals. We agree with Dr. Nahas that the venous constriction caused by THAM is due to alkalinity (demonstrated in rabbit ear veins ), but
High School Football Injuries
Authors: Marvin McClelland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Athletic Medical Advisory Committee of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, Ohio, has collected data on high school football injuries for the years 1962, 1963, and 1964. In southwestern Ohio, 31 of 37 schools responded to a detailed questionnaire, which provided for anonymity of players, coaches, and individual schools. The 31 responding schools reported 550 injuries among 2,846 players for the season. Of these, 89 injuries were listed as serious, and 88 players were out of action for periods of nine days or more. Almost half of the total injuries occurred before the season of scheduled football games began. The second week of practice, ie, the last week in August of 1964, was the week of peak incidence of injuries, in which 131 injuries or approximately 25% of all the injuries for the entire season occurred. Of the total injuries, 62% occurred during practices and only
The Birth of a Healthy Child Due to Negligent Failure of "Pill": Benefit or Loss?
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE inevitable has occurred. A physician prescribed an oral contraceptive. The pharmacist made a mistake. He filled the prescription with a tranquilizer. The patient, mother of seven children, took the "pill" faithfully, continued to have intercourse with her husband, became pregnant, and was delivered of a fine, healthy, unwanted eighth child.The husband and wife brought an action against the pharmacist, not against the physician, for money damages alleging four separate bases of recovery: the economic cost of rearing an eighth child; the pain and anxiety of the pregnancy and childbirth; medical and hospital expenses; and the wife's loss of . . .
Use of endoclips to close sphincterotomy-related perforation
Authors: R. Rerknimitr, S. Aekpongpaisit, P. Kullavanijaya
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 26-year-old woman underwent biliary sphincterotomy after a diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. A 3-cm monofilament standard sphincterotome with blended current was used and a zipper cut occurred, causing a tear at the 11-o’clock area of the ampulla ([Fig. 1] and [Video 1]). Fluoroscopy showed a significant amount of free air in the retroperitoneal area. Initially, a gastroscope endoclipping device (HX-5LR-1; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and clips (HX-600-090L; Olympus) were deployed through the same side-viewing therapeutic duodenoscope (TJF 160; Olympus). There was marked difficulty in opening, rotating, and closing the clips; the endoscope elevator had to be locked at the open position during the deployment. Two clips were satisfactorily deployed before there was a malfunction of the clip handle ([Fig. 2] and [3], [Videos 1] and [2]). The more easily deployed third endoclip was placed using a disposable system (HX-201LR-135; Olympus). Biliary and luminal decompression were achieved endoscopically. A broad spectrum antibiotic was given. The patient was able to resume her diet and all tubes were removed within 10 days. A computed tomography (CT) scan 3 months later showed no evidence of retroperitoneal air.
Interleukin 7 generates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes against murine sarcomas with efficacy in cellular adoptive immunotherapy.
Authors: D L Jicha, J J Mulé, S A Rosenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a 25-kD cytokine that was initially described as a pre-B cell growth factor. This cytokine has also been shown to have T cell proliferative and differentiation effects. In this report, we demonstrate that antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated by secondary in vitro sensitization of draining lymph node cells in IL-7 are effective in treating 3-day syngeneic methylcholanthrene (MCA) sarcoma pulmonary metastases in mice. In vivo titrations comparing IL-7 to IL-2 antitumor CTL show that they have equivalent potency in adoptive immunotherapy. IL-7 antitumor CTL generated against MCA sarcomas of weak immunogeneity are also tumor specific in their in vivo efficacy. This study represents the first successful use of a cytokine other than IL-2 for the generation of cells with in vivo efficacy in cellular adoptive transfer.
Anesthesia in the Surgical Treatment of Bronchiectasis
Authors: L. H. Mousel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE anesthesia and operating-room care of patients who are to be treated surgically for bronchiectasis need to be planned and carried out in a simple but logical manner if anesthesia mortality and postoperative complications are to be held to a minimum.Since the advent of penicillin nebulization in the preoperative preparation of these patients, the anesthetic procedures have been simplified considerably. Most patients now come to surgery with comparatively "dry lungs" as compared with those who did not receive, the benefit of penicillin therapy by inhalation. It is my belief that bronchoscopy should not be performed immediately before operation, since . . .
Acellular bovine pericardium dermal matrix in immediate breast reconstruction after Skin Sparing Mastectomy
Authors: A Gubitosi, G Docimo, D Parmeggiani, R Pirozzi, C Vitiello, P Schettino, M Avellino, G Casalino, M Amato, R Ruggiero, L Docimo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Blindness in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalid F. Tabbara
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The prevalence and etiology of visual loss and of eye diseases were determined in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample was a stratified geographic cluster sample of 14,577 persons representing the settled population of Saudi Arabia. A nonstatistical sample of 2,233 bedouins was also examined. The survey revealed that 1.5% of the population are blind and another 7.8% are visually impaired according to the World Health Organization definition. The most common causes of blindness include cataract, trachoma, nontrachomatous corneal scars, refractive errors, congenital anomalies, failed medical or surgical treatment, and glaucoma. Refractive errors, amblyopia, and trauma are also important causes of less severe, and often unilateral, lost vision. About 7% of all Saudi Arabians, and 42% of those older than 40 years, have a cataract or its sequelae. Over 3.5% of the population have corneal scars, about half of which are caused by trachoma.
Regulation of cytoplasmic dihydrotestosterone binding in dog prostate by 17 beta-estradiol.
Authors: R J Moore, J M Gazak, J D Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

17 beta-estradiol enchances androgen-induced prostate growth in the castrate dog to a degree comparable to that seen in spontaneous prostatic hypertrophy. To investigate the mechanism of this synergism, cytosol androgen binding was measured by a density gradient technique in prostates of control and 17 beta-estradiol-treated castrate dogs. [3H]Dihydrotestosterone was bound principally to a moiety that averaged 8.6S in size. Approximately twofold enhancement of this binding by 17 beta-estradiol was demonstrable after 1 wk of treatment with 750 microgram/wk and after 3 wk with 75 microgram/wk. Under conditions in which binding in the 8S region was demonstrable with dihydrotestosterone and testosterone no binding of 3 alpha-androstanediol or progesterone was detectable. Thus, enhancement by 17 beta-estradiol of a prostate cytosol androgen-binding protein occurs under circumstances in which 17 beta-estradiol enhances androgen-mediated prostatic growth.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Meta-analysis of Sunitinib Malate (SU11248) and Its Primary Metabolite (SU12662) in Healthy Volunteers and Oncology Patients
Authors: Brett E. Houk, Carlo L. Bello, Dongwoo Kang, Michael Amantea
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Sunitinib malate is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma and imatinib-resistant or imatinib-intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Following administration, sunitinib is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 to an active metabolite (SU12662). The objective of this analysis was to assess sunitinib and SU12662 pharmacokinetics and to identify covariates that might explain variability in exposure following oral administration.Data from 590 subjects (73 volunteers and 517 patients) in 14 studies were analyzed. Plasma concentration-time data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as relationships between these parameters and gender, race, age, weight, creatinine clearance, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, and tumor type. Simulations were done to determine the predicted effect of these covariates on exposure.Separate models were developed for sunitinib and SU12662 (each a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination). Sunitinib parameters were estimated as CL/F, 51.8 L/h and Vd/F(central), 2,030 liters. SU12662 parameters were estimated as CL/F, 29.6 L/h and Vd/F(central), 3,080 liters. Tumor type (except acute myeloid leukemia), Asian race, gender, body weight, and elevated Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score described a portion of the variability in CL/F for sunitinib and metabolite; gender and body weight explained some of the variability in Vd/F(central) for sunitinib and metabolite. Among patients, the predicted changes in sunitinib and metabolite AUC and C(max) as a result of the individual covariates ranged up to 17%.The magnitude of the predicted changes in exposure with the covariates studied minimizes the necessity for dose adjustment in any of these subpopulations.
Erythema nodosum and infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: H J Bodansky
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Oblique views showed osteophyte encroachment on the left exit foramina of C3-4 and C4-5.No appreciable disc-space narrowing was noted and there was no evidence of cervical ribs.He was given a course of intensive physiotherapy and fitted with a wrist splint.Six months after myelography, however, there was still pronounced weakness in the left forearm with associated reflex emphasis.
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Thomas R. Nolan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Barker has prepared an excellent volume on the surgery of arterial disease of the terminal aorta and lower extremity. The first half of the book includes separate chapters on anatomy, physiology, pathology and pathogenesis, diagnostic problems, and nonoperative treatment and a discussion of lumbar sympathectomy. The remainder concerns direct arterial surgery. There is great detail and the author carefully stresses the many facets of minute care required for successful operation. The title is somewhat misleading since operations for disease of cervical and abdominal visceral arteries are not discussed to any extent.  The book is well made and abundantly illustrated. The relatively few typographical errors do not hinder the reader. Indexing is adequate and the references, at the end of each chapter, are comprehensive. The book is highly recommended for students of arterial surgery.
An Address ON THE SPA TREATMENT OF NEURASTHENIA: Delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Bath and Bristol Branch
Authors: E. J. Cave
Journal: BMJ (1907)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Interstitial pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with a progressive course and poor prognosis, at times even worse than those in the main cancer types. Histopathological examination is crucial for its diagnosis and estimation of prognosis. However, the evaluation strongly depends on the experience of pathologists, and the reproducibility of diagnosis is low. Herein, we propose MIXTURE (huMan-In-the-loop eXplainable artificial intelligence Through the Use of REcurrent training), a method to develop deep learning models for extracting pathologically significant findings based on an expert pathologist’s perspective with a small annotation effort. The procedure of MIXTURE consists of three steps as follows. First, we created feature extractors for tiles from whole slide images using self-supervised learning. The similar looking tiles were clustered based on the output features and then pathologists integrated the pathologically synonymous clusters. Using the integrated clusters as labeled data, deep learning models to classify the tiles into pathological findings were created by transfer-learning the feature extractors. We developed three models for different magnifications. Using these extracted findings, our model was able to predict the diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia, a finding suggestive of progressive disease, with high accuracy (AUC 0.90). This high accuracy could not be achieved without the integration of findings by pathologists. The patients predicted as UIP had significantly poorer prognosis (five-year overall survival [OS]: 55.4
Autopsy: The Memoirs of Milton Helpern, the World's Greatest Medical Detective
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is yet another book that attempts to satisfy the public's insatiable appetite for medical spectacles. But this time the gladiator is a forensic pathologist, his amphitheater is the autopsy room, his victims are mutilated bodies, and his stories are about murder and dismemberment and pieces of flesh stuffed down the drain of elegant homes. The book is the autobiography of Dr Milton Helpern, for 20 years chief medical examiner of New York City. His story goes back to the year of his birth, 1902, when newspaper headlines were announcing "Coercion in Ireland" and "Situation Grave in Russia." From there Dr Helpern traces his career through many-tabled autopsy rooms, from being a "pathological intern" at Belleview Hospital through his 42 years of distinguished service in the medical examiner's office. He tells about morgues and icepicks and drownings, forced confessions and alcohol and poisons, and mysterious epidemics that turn out to