tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Internal Squint; Varieties; Treatment: Being Remarks in the Course of Clinical Instruction at the Central London Ophthalmic Hospital
Authors: H. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1862)

with difficulty that he could make his wants known, even when the mouth was moistened.At this time nu- merous pimples made their appearance on the forehead and face, very similar to small abscesses, being distinctly pustular from the commencement.Those on the chin and side of the face were as large as a hazel-nut, and discharged a thin ichorous secretion, which irritated the surrounding skin.Pustules began to appear over the chest, arms, legs, and body generally.The wine was in- creased to eight ounces; and beef-tea, arrowroot, and milk were given as usual.Sept. 22fnd.The patient was quite sensible, but could not articulate.The crop of pustules had increased considerably; those on the face and upper part of the chest still continuing to pour forth an ichorous discharge.The pulse had risen to 156.Respiration was hurried as well as laboured, 60 per minute.Chloric ether, bark and acid, with six ounces of brandy in addition to the wine, were ordered; but the patient gradually sank exhausted, and died at 8 P.M., remaining conscious almost to the last.On the 10th, he was seen by Dr. Fincham, who was acting for Dr. Basham in his absence: and he remarked that the symptoms present were very similar to those of glanders, with the exception that there was no dis- charge of any kind from the nose.No history of the patient having been exposed to the contagion of glanders could be obtained.He had at- tended to his own horse, and had been in the habit of drinking a good deal.No post mortem examination was made.
Treatment of Refractory Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura with an Anti-Fcγ-Receptor Antibody
Authors: Sarah B. Clarkson, James B. Bussel, Robert P. Kimberly, Jay E. Valinsky, Ralph L. Nachman, Jay C. Unkeless
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

THE production of antiplatelet antibodies and removal of IgG-coated platelets by the mononuclear phagocyte system play an important part in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The coating of platelets with immunoglobulin results in their removal in the spleen and liver, presumably by receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG (Fcγ).1 , 2 Prolongation of Fcγ-receptor-mediated clearance of opsonized red cells after splenectomy1 , 3 and infusions of high doses of intravenous gamma globulin,4 , 5 in conjunction with favorable clinical responses to these therapies, support this hypothesis. Some patients, however, respond to neither of these treatments nor to other, less specific forms of immunosuppression, such . . .
Visualizing Out-of-Body Experience in the Brain
Authors: Dirk De Ridder, Koen Van Laere, Patrick Dupont, Tomas Menovsky, Paul Van de Heyning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

An out-of-body experience was repeatedly elicited during stimulation of the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus on the right side in a patient in whom electrodes had been implanted to suppress tinnitus. Positron-emission tomographic scanning showed brain activation at the temporoparietal junction--more specifically, at the angular-supramarginal gyrus junction and the superior temporal gyrus-sulcus on the right side. Activation was also noted at the right precuneus and posterior thalamus, extending into the superior vermis. We suggest that activation of these regions is the neural correlate of the disembodiment that is part of the out-of-body experience.
Solo Practice-Reply
Authors: Paul S. Rhoads
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am grateful to Dr MacNeal for pointing to a paragraph in my commentary that obviously lent itself to misinterpretation. I should have enlarged on my qualifying phrase "as it was a generation ago." In a professional career that encompassed 57 years, I never was a paid faculty member and always made house calls, although I devoted approximately half of my time to teaching and research in a medical school. I long for a time when the pendulum may swing back to more emphasis on the ideal relationship between patient and physician that Dr MacNeal outlines so eloquently and knows from experience. The point I was trying to make is that modern medicine has become so complicated and a physician's time so filled with new services that he must either supply himself or delegate his duties—that working solo in the<i>old</i>sense is hardly possible. The "group" I
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Signal Transduction in the Development and Therapy of Gliomas
Authors: M. Kelly Nicholas, Rimas V. Lukas, Nazia F. Jafri, Leonardo Faoro, Ravi Salgia
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands figure prominently in the biology of gliomas, the most common tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Although their histologic classification seems to be straightforward, these tumors constitute a heterogeneous class of related neoplasms. They are associated with a variety of molecular abnormalities affecting signal transduction, transcription factors, apoptosis, angiogensesis, and the extracellular matrix. Under normal conditions, these same interacting factors drive CNS growth and development. We are now recognizing the diverse molecular genetic heterogeneity that underlies tumors classified histologically into three distinct grades. This recognition is leading to new therapeutic strategies targeted directly at specific molecular subtypes. In this article, we will review the role of EGFR and related molecular pathways in the genesis of the normal CNS and their relationship to glial tumorigenesis. We will discuss barriers to effective treatment as they relate to anatomic specialization of the CNS. We will also consider the ways in which specific EGFR alterations common to glioma reflect outcomes following treatment with targeted therapies, all with an eye towards applying this understanding to improved patient outcomes.
The serum pepsinogen level with special reference to the histology of the gastric mucosa
Authors: O. A. A. Bock, G. Arapakis, L. J. Witts, W. C. D. Richards
Journal: Gut (1963)

Determination of the serum pepsinogen level is simple and the method gives consistent results. The serum pepsinogen level remains steady when the stomach is actively secreting pepsin. Age and sex do not greatly affect the serum pepsinogen concentration. Serum pepsinogen levels can be correlated with the histological appearances of the gastric mucosa. The parietal cells appear to be more sensitive to injury than the chief cells. The serum pepsinogen levels of patients with pernicious anaemia are very low. Estimation of the serum pepsinogen level is likely to prove a useful screening test for severe atrophic gastritis and gastric atrophy.
Countdown to the BMJ.
Authors: M Cooter
Journal: BMJ (1991)

BMJ 1991;301:1615-9 The BMJ may look unspectacular, but a great many people and much high technology are needed to put it together. This article looks at the preparation of an issue and describes in particular the work of the many people whose names are not seen in the journal but without whom it would not appear. The BMJ that readers in Britain should receive on a Saturday has been in the final stages of production since Tuesday of the week before, but much of the work necessary for the issue started months previously: submitted papers have been through an elaborate peer review process; display advertisements are booked months in advance; and paper and ink have long been ordered. The countdown begins.
Why, Oh Why, Did He Die?
Authors: Arnold W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In "Why, Oh Why, Did He Die?" several possible "causes of death" are listed for the hypothetical case of the man who, overwhelmed by the sudden pain of a myocardial infarct, decided to end it all by jumping from a tenth floor window. All of the listed "causes of death" play a part in a chain of events leading to the fatal outcome. Notable is the omission of the one link in the chain which was the turning point in the action. In the case description this link is covered by the words "overwhelmed" and "decided." The missing "cause of death" is the personality structure which reacted to this particular stress by deciding to die. Asserting the part of the personality in the chain of events leading to death may add a new dimension to our thinking; unfortunately in the present state of our knowledge, the added
Autonomous influence on sinus node and AY node function in the elderly without significant heart disease: assessment with electrophysiological and autonomic tests
Authors: H. O VALLIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article Autonomous influence on sinus node and AY node function in the elderly without significant heart disease: assessment with electrophysiological and autonomic tests Get access HANS O VALLIN HANS O VALLIN * From the Department of Internal Medicine, Serafimerlasarettet, Karolinska Institutet, S- 112 83 Stockholm, Sweden *Present address and address for reprints: Department of Medicine, Huddinge Hospital, S-141 86. Huddinge, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 4, April 1980, Pages 206–216, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.4.206 Published: 01 April 1980
REPORT OF FIVE HUNDRED CASES OF INTUBATION OF THE LARYNX.
Authors: F. E. WAXHAM
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It has been my pleasure to have reported, on a previous occasion, 466 cases of intubation. To this number I can now add 37, making a total of 503. Of these thirty-seven cases there were seventeen recoveries, or 46.64 per cent. Many of these cases were beyond all hope when the operation was performed. Several were complicated with scarlet fever and some with measles, and in these cases the operation was simply performed for euthanasia, much to the detriment of a good record. In nine cases antitoxin was administered with six recoveries, or 66.66 per cent. In order to complete the record I desire to publish the following cases: <h3>Case 467.</h3> —Diphtheria of pharynx and larynx; age 6 years. Wore tube seven days; complete recovery. <h3>Case 467.</h3> —Diphtheria of nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx; age 18 months; patient died within thirty-six hours. <h3>Case 469.</h3> —A case of malignant diphtheria with
Substandard Care, Antidumping, and George Orwell
Authors: Bradley K. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Shortly before writing<i>1984</i>, George Orwell (pen name Eric Blair) wrote an essay, "How the Poor Die,"<sup>1</sup>an analysis of his own hospitalization in 1929 in "Hôpital X" in Paris' 15th arrondissement. His inside report illustrates, in my opinion, common problems leading to hospitalized, uninsured patients' receiving substandard care and having a high risk of adverse events, as shown by the article by Burstin et al.<sup>2</sup> With "pneumonia," a fever (temperature of 39.4°C), and no money, Orwell went to Hôpital X for medical care. He waited in line, then spent 20 minutes answering the hospital receptionist's questions. After a bath and a forced march barefoot over frosty ground, he was admitted to a full ward of extremely sick patients, "except, [he] supposed, acutely infectious cases." Since Orwell died at age 47 years of pulmonary tuberculosis,<sup>3</sup>one can wonder whether Orwell himself was acutely infectious
Punishment or treatment: prison or hospital?
Authors: P D Scott
Journal: BMJ (1970)

punished.It is not only punishment which may be abused.Kenneth Dewhurst (1969) has brilliantly shown how the most modern methods of treatment-for example, tranquillizers and E.C.T.-can covertly be utilized as restraints.Such abuses might be very much more pernicious than solitary confinement.Fortunately there is no present need to define mental sickness, because the term does not reliably indicate action or outcome.The following case illustrates the point.
Clinical trials should be designed to include elderly people
Authors: J. Bene, R. Liston
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR— G Bugeja et al have shown that elderly people tend to be excluded from clinical research,1 a fact we can support from our own experience. We searched Medline for all articles that contained the word “elderly” in the title or abstract, and combined the results of this search with all titles mapped under the heading “randomised controlled trials” that were published between January 1966 and July 1996. This search yielded only 150 articles. We excluded 89 because they were not actual randomised controlled trials — …
Higher drug prices will boost development of personalised medicine, says new report
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Raising prices of drugs when they are used for certain indications or in particular groups of patients should be encouraged so that new personalised drugs can be developed, a new report has concluded.1

John Bell, regius professor of medicine at the University of Oxford and chairman of the report’s oversight committee, said, “Current pricing and reimbursement systems do not provide adequate incentives for the development of personalised medicines. 

“A new system of pricing needs to be developed that enables prices to be adjusted over time to reflect the increases in value.”

The report, published by the Academy of Medical Sciences, a professional body for biomedical researchers, suggests that the value of a drug could be measured by the National Institute for Care and Excellence (NICE) in terms of …
SEPARATION OF CONJOINED TWINS
Authors: D. W. McLaren
Journal: BMJ (1936)

iHEm BRitAL 971 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA.J..UR..L and about one and a half inches long-; it was coveted with many thickened and dilated blood vessels.Improvement was immediate.The tingling and stiffness of the fingers disappeared in a few days, and the patient soon found that he could execute fine movements with his fingers, which had been previously difficult or impossible.Con- valescence was normal.He was given massage and sinusoidal stimulation to the muscles.There has been marked restora- tion of the affected muscles so that at this date, eight months after the operation, there is very slight difference between the two hands.Power has returned to the limb and restoration is complete.Summary 1.Late ulnar nerve palsy develops many years after the original injury-from three to forty-eight, in this case fifty-eight, years.2. The external condyle is usually fractured, and non- union may persist for many years.3. The syndrome consists of the deformity of the external condyle, cubitus valgus, and ulnar nerve palsy.4. The lesion is an intraneural fibrosis.The prognosis is good if the tension is relieved and the course of the nerve is shortened by anterior transposition.
An Unusual Outbreak of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Shih Ling Kao, Cheng Leng Chan, Belinda Tan, C.C. Tchoyoson Lim, Rinkoo Dalan, Daphne Gardner, Edward Pratt, Marilyn Lee, Kok Onn Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Between January 1 and May 26, 2008, a total of 150 nondiabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia were admitted to the five public hospitals in Singapore. On specific questioning, 45 patients (30%) admitted ingesting illegal sexual-enhancement drugs before the onset of hypoglycemia.
As Tsunami Recovery Proceeds, Experts Ponder Lessons for Future Disasters
Authors: L. Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Several teams of mental health professionals -- few, if any, of whom spoke any Asian language -- rushed from the United States, Italy, Sweden, and other countries to Sri Lanka and Indonesia in early January to offer counseling to survivors of the tsunami that had ravaged coastal regions of South Asia and East Africa on December 26, 2004. The tsunami had razed homes, hospitals, businesses, schools, roads, bridges, and communication systems; destroyed food supplies and crops; contaminated drinking water; and killed livestock. The visitors needed housing, food, transportation, and translators, all scarce in the aftermath of the 100-foot-high tidal wave that killed at least 300,000 individuals, injured more than 500,000, and displaced more than 1 million. Despite good intentions, effort does not equal assistance, Shekhar Saxena, MD, coordinator of mental health evidence and research at the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, said.
Integrin expression and IgA nephropathy: In vitro modulation by IgA with altered glycosylation and macromolecular IgA
Authors: Licia Peruzzi, Alessandro Amore, Paola Cirina, Livio Trusolino, Giuseppe Basso, Emanuela Ricotti, Steven Noel Emancipator, Pier Carlo Marchisio, Rosanna Coppo
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
IL-10-Producing B Cells Are Increased After Grass Pollen Immunotherapy Compared To Untreated Grass Pollen Allergic Controls: A Blinded Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: James E.G. Charlesworth, Guy W. Scadding, Aarif Eifan, Rachel Yan, Andrea Goldstone, Moises A. Calderon, Stephen R. Durham, Mohamed H. Shamji
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Abstract 1237: Mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina-induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells
Authors: Clement G. Yedjou, Paul Tchounwou
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of death of women between 40 and 55 years of age and is the second overall cause of death of women. Fortunately, the mortality rate from BC has decreased in recent years due to an increased emphasis on early detection and more effective treatments. Despite early detection and conventional methods of treatment, about 7% of women diagnosed with BC still die every year. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents are needed to improve the clinical outcome of this disease. The development of new drugs from natural products is considered important. Previous studies from our laboratory show that a novel natural product, extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) leaf exerts DNA-damaging anticancer activities against BC. Therefore, the central goal of this research was to determine the therapeutic mechanisms of VA leaf extracts in breast cancer cells. To achieve this goal, cell viability, live and death cells were determined by the means of the MTT assay, trypan blue test, and propidium iodine assay, respectively. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization (Annexin V assay) and caspase 3 activity, and by DNA laddering assay. Data obtained from the MTT assay indicated that VA significantly reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells a dose-dependent response. On one hand, the Trypan blue dye exclusion test demonstrated the integrity of the membrane of untreated cells in culture. On the other hand, the trypan blue dye exclusion test demonstrated a loss of viability in VA-treated cells due to membrane damage. The result of the propidium iodine demonstrated a significant (p&amp;lt;0.05) increase of necrotic cell death in VA-treated cells, indicative of membrane rupture by VA. Flow cytometry data showed a strong dose-response relationship between VA exposure and Annexin-V positive MCF-7 cells. These results were confirmed by data of DNA laddering assay showing a clear evidence of nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in VA-treated cells. A statistically significant was recorded with regard to caspase 3 activity in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our research demonstrated that VA represents an apoptosis-inducing agent and its apoptotic mechanisms involve phosphatidylserine externalization, activation of p53 tumor suppressor gene and caspase-3, and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Citation Format: Clement G. Yedjou, Paul Tchounwou. Mechanisms of Vernonia amygdalina-induced apoptosis of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1237. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1237
EFFECT OF FEEDING THE PINEAL BODY UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALBINO RAT
Authors: Warren R. Sisson, John M. T. Finney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

The pineal body of young calves was fed to albino rats beginning at the age of 3 weeks and extending over periods of from 3 to 6 weeks. Four litters of rats were used. Of these, fourteen rats were fed the pineal powder and ten were used as control subjects. Observations in regard to developmental changes and microscopic examination of the endocrine glands and reproductive organs were made. The pineal-fed rats of the first two litters remained somewhat smaller than their controls. The pineal-fed and control animals of Litters 3 and 4 showed no differences in development. Microscopic studies showed no differences between pineal-fed and control rats. We may therefore conclude that feeding the desiccated pineal body of young calves to young albino rats fails to produce any effect upon the early development of these animals.
Women and older people less likely to receive blockers for heart failure, study finds
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many patients with heart failure are not prescribed β blockers, receive suboptimal doses of drugs, or are prescribed drugs with no proved effectiveness, according to research in primary care ( Family Practice 2009 Jan 19, doi:10.1093/fampra/cmn105).

The study, which looked at the treatment of heart failure in British general practices, also found that women, older people, and people from lower socioeconomic groups are less likely to be prescribed β blockers.

“Key findings from the study are that many patients appear to receive suboptimal dosing so the potential benefits of reduced morbidity and mortality may not be fully achieved, and that …
Albert Edward Thompson
Authors: K. G. Burnand
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Albert Edward Thompson (“Bert”) was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, the son of John Percy Thompson (“Jack”) and Cordelia Ann Leach, a farmer’s daughter. His father was a wholesale butcher with Swift and Co of Bristol. Bert was educated in Bristol, first at Sefton Park elementary school and later at Queen Elizabeth Hospital School. He excelled at sport as well as academic studies, being in the first XV rugby and first XI cricket teams. He matriculated in 1945 and obtained his higher school certificate in 1947. After completing national service as a radiographer with the Royal Army Medical Corps, he was accepted to study medicine at St Mary’s Hospital Medical School and played with great distinction for the student sides in both rugby and cricket in the inter-hospitals cup competition. He was a speedy wing three quarter and an outstanding opening batsman. He captained both St Mary’s and the United Hospital’s teams for many years⇓.



After preregistration house posts Bert spent some time in general practice before deciding on a career in surgery. He returned to St Mary’s, where he progressed through the registrar and senior registrar grades, before being appointed to be the assistant director of the surgical unit. Bert was an excellent technical surgeon, and in this period he developed his craft to a very high level. He would often be summoned to theatre to help his colleagues, and he managed difficult situations with tact, skill, and diplomacy. …