tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism of HLA-DR2 haplotypes in normal individuals and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D.P Singal, B Reid, D Green, W.G Bensen, M D'Souza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A strong association between HLA-DR4 and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been found in a number of populations. In contrast, the incidence of DR2 is decreased in patients with RA, suggesting that this specificity may confer some protection against the disease. A number of subtypes of DR2 have been defined by serology, by responses in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction, and, more recently, by restriction fragment length polymorphism. These subtypes of DR2 are in linkage disequilibrium with different subspecificities of DQw1. It is thus likely that the distribution of these subtypic DR,DQ haplotypes in DR2 positive patients with RA may be important in understanding the genetic basis of susceptibility/resistance to RA. In this paper a study of the subtypes of DR2,DQw1 haplotypes in 18 patients with RA, who required sodium aurothiomalate as a disease remitting drug, and unrelated healthy individuals is reported. Three subtypes of DR2 haplotypes, DRw15 (Dw2),DQw1.2(DQw6), DRw15(Dw12),DQw1.12(DQw6), and DRw16(Dw21),DQw1, AZH (DQw5), were analysed with a cDNA probe for the DQ beta gene. The data show that DR2 positive patients with RA carried either the DRw15(Dw2),DQw6 or DRw15(Dw12),DQw6 haplotype. No patient with RA was positive for the DRw16(Dw21),DQw5 subspecificity. In contrast, six of 29 (21%) normal healthy DR2,DQw1 positive individuals carried the DRw16(Dw21),DQw5 haplotype. These data together with earlier results on the distribution of the DR4,DQw7 haplotype in patients with RA support the hypothesis that DQB1 chain polymorphism may be important in determining susceptibility to severe RA.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Oral Contraceptives-Reply
Authors: E. Truman Mays
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Can medical scientists deny the existence of certain phenomena simply because they had no patients in their group with malignant neoplasms? Henderson et al question the relationship between oral contraceptives and hepatocellular carcinoma. As they suggest, this relationship does have profound implications. While we cited only four women with hepatocellular carcinoma and oral contraceptive consumption, we have now been able to study an additional six women, all of whom were taking oral contraceptives—except one woman who had been using conjugated estrogens (Premarin) for many years. Others have reported hepatocellular carcinoma in women using oral contraceptives<sup>1</sup>and estrogen-like drugs.<sup>2</sup>Such observations plus hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in men using androgens<sup>3,4</sup>warrant the suspicion that the C-17 alkylated steroid ring, common to most of these hormones, may be culpable. Oral contraceptives are combinations of synthetic progrestogens and estrogens. In most cases both components are C-17 a-alkynyl-substituted C-19 norsteroids.
An EGFR-ERK-SOX9 Signaling Cascade Links Urothelial Development and Regeneration to Cancer
Authors: Shizhang Ling, Xiaofei Chang, Luciana Schultz, Thomas K. Lee, Alcides Chaux, Luigi Marchionni, George J. Netto, David Sidransky, David M. Berman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Like many carcinomas, urothelial carcinoma (UroCa) is associated with chronic injury. A better understanding of this association could inform improved strategies for preventing and treating this disease. We investigated the expression, regulation, and function of the transcriptional regulator SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (Sox9) in urothelial development, injury repair, and cancer. In mouse bladders, Sox9 levels were high during periods of prenatal urothelial development and diminished with maturation after birth. In adult urothelial cells, Sox9 was quiescent but was rapidly induced by a variety of injuries, including exposure to the carcinogen cyclophosphamide, culture with hydrogen peroxide, and osmotic stress. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) was required for Sox9 induction in urothelial injury and resulted from activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) by several Egfr ligands that were dramatically induced by injury. In UroCa cell lines, SOX9 expression was constitutively upregulated and could be suppressed by EGFR or ERK1/2 blockade. Gene knockdown showed a role for SOX9 in cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, SOX9 protein levels were preferentially induced in invasive human UroCa tissue samples (n = 84) compared with noninvasive cancers (n = 56) or benign adjacent urothelium (n = 49). These results identify a novel, potentially oncogenic signaling axis linking urothelial injury to UroCa. Inhibiting this axis is feasible through a variety of pharmacologic approaches and may have clinical utility.
Objective Measurement of Vitreous Inflammation Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Pearse A. Keane, Michael Karampelas, Dawn A. Sim, Srinivas R. Sadda, Adnan Tufail, H. Nida Sen, Robert B. Nussenblatt, Andrew D. Dick, Richard W. Lee, Philip I. Murray, Carlos E. Pavesio, Alastair K. Denniston
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Occurrence of Convulsions During Treatment with Calciferol
Authors: H. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1949)

A hard mass about the size of a tangerine orange involved the gut at this point and occluded the lumen of the bowel.A resection of 8 in.(20 cm.) of the bowel including the tumour, together with a wedge of mesentery containing enlarged glands, was carried out, con- tinuity being restored by lateral anastomosis.The anastomosis was performed first, as the patient's condition had deteriorated, but as it subsequently improved resection became possible.The abdomen was closed and the patient returned to bed with an intravenous glucose-saline drip and a gastric aspiration in operation.Pathology of the Tumour-bearing Intestine.-"The loop of small intestine is involved by a stenosing carcinoma of scirrhous appear- ance.The tumour is about 1 in.(2.5 cm.) in length and encircles the whole wall.No gross ulceration of the mucosa is observed and no polypi are seen.Careful search fails to reveal any associated lymph glands involved by metastases.Histological examination showed an adenocarcinoma which is deeply infiltrating the bowel wall, with an accompanying scirrhous reaction.The lesion is not of carcinoid origin, the tumour consisting of acini of varying size, showing irregularity in cell type and nuclear configuration."Convalescence was lengthened by a post-operative pneumonia but was otherwise uneventful, and the patient was discharged on Jan. 23.When last seen two months later he was well and leading a normal life.I am indebted to Mr. G. F. Mitchell, under whose care the patient was admitted, for permission to publish this case
Philosophical Approach to Learning
Authors: I. Macgillivray
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Interest in the subject of headache has greatly increased in the last decade as research acti- vities move rapidly into the sphere of chemical investigation rather than clinical description, but the literature is so scattered that the average physician finds difficulty in keeping up to date.This book is said to be the first of a series intended to bring together under one cover authoritative reviews on different facets of the problem, and edited by a dis- tinguished physician well known for his own work in this field the series has certainly made a good start.The contributors are drawn from widely separated parts of the world-Europe, Australia, and America- and are recognized authorities on the subjects they discuss.Though any book drawn up in this manner is bound to have a lot of repetition in it, this has been reduced to an acceptable minimum.The introduction by E. C. Kunkle forms a philosophical prelude, stressing the need to look at the "whole" patient, and often to temper one's therapeutic enthusiasm with sound common sense.It includes a number of classical quotations which will no doubt be a boon to speakers looking for an opening or dosing sentence to their discourse on headache.There then follows an extensive review by F. Sicuteri on vasoneuractive sub- stances and vascular pain.This is a valu- able article, with 163 references, tracing the development of thought and work on this aspect, and goes well beyond the action of
Cyanosis, Cardiomegaly, and Weak Pulses
Authors: WELDON J. WALKER, CHARLES E. MULLINS, GEORGE C. KNOVICK
Journal: Circulation (1964)

An infant was seen at 2 days of age with cardiomegaly, congestive failure, cyanosis, and weak pulses. The primary cardiovascular lesion was a massive arteriovenous fistula between the left subclavian artery and innominate vein. Review of the literature indicates that most newborn infants with large systemic arteriovenous fistulas leading to congestive failure have been cyanotic. The hemodynamic alterations incident to large experimental systemic arteriovenous fistulas affords an explanation for this cyanosis. It is suggested that massive systemic arteriovenous fistula in the newborn lowers systemic resistance to a fraction of the high pulmonic resistance present at this age. The right ventricle bears the brunt of the increased cardiac work. Right ventricular failure associated with a marked increase in systemic venous return to the right atrium elevates right atrial pressure above that in the left atrium and almost inevitably leads to cyanosis with right-to-left shunting of blood through the foramen ovale. Failure to realize that massive systemic arteriovenous fistula in the newborn may present as cyanotic heart disease can cause fatal delay in recognizing this correctable form of heart failure.
Book: Agenda: Ecstasy Agenda: Heroin Agenda: Cocaine
Authors: I. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Miriam Joseph Carlton Books, £5.99, pp 80 ISBN 1 85868 909 0 Julian Durlacher Carlton Books, £5.99, pp 80 ISBN 1 85868 921 X Julian Durlacher Carlton Books, £5.99, pp 80 ISBN 1 85868 863 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>; ![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>; ![Graphic][5]</img>![Graphic][6]</img>![Graphic][7]</img> Ecstasy, heroin, and cocaine—three words guaranteed to evoke 100 different emotions in 100 different people. This series of short books attempts to guide readers through the labyrinth of fact and mythology that has grown up around these drugs over the past few decades. The problem is that it is difficult to tell who the books are aimed at. For example, Miriam Joseph … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
Saliva and Its Relation to Oral Health: A Survey of the Literature
Authors: Moser S. Strock
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is a survey of the literature and the author should be commended for the tremendous amount of work that he has undertaken and accomplished. The book is well arranged and properly indexed, and should be of great benefit to the student and to research workers in this field. The author does offer his own comment on some subjects. It would be well to consider whether, in future editions, his opinions on the work done might be a valuable addition for the less experienced readers of this volume.
REFLEX PULMONARY ATELECTASIS
Authors: GEZA de TAKATS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Pulmonary atelectasis has important surgical, medical and roentgenologic implications. While there are many theories regarding the production of atelectasis, it is generally agreed that its essential cause is the obstruction of a bronchus with massive secretion.<sup>1</sup>The weakened respiratory force and the accumulation of bronchial mucus, owing to insufficient movement of cilia together with a suppressed cough reflex, are sufficient causes to explain postoperative atelectasis in the opinion of most observers.<sup>2</sup> But ever since the first descriptions of this interesting postoperative or post-traumatic complication, the suggestion has been made that reflex nervous stimuli play a part in the initiation of bronchial obstruction. In fact, three different reflex mechanisms were proposed: that of the diaphragmatic splint,<sup>3</sup>vasodilation with bronchial edema<sup>4</sup>and bronchoconstriction.<sup>5</sup>All three theories were discussed and discounted by Coryllos and Birnbaum.<sup>2</sup> Recently, in studying the widespread autonomic reflexes which originate from the obstruction
NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIPID-RICH CORONARY PLAQUE AFTER STATIN TREATMENT USING DUAL-SOURCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Tsunenari Soeda, Shiro Uemura, Satoshi Okayama, Hitoshi Nakagawa, Ayako Senoo, Taku Nishida, Ji Hee Sung, Yoshinobu Morikawa, Satoshi Somekawa, Ken-ichi Ishigami, Hiroyuki Kawata, Manabu Horii, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Preparing Fresh Tissues for the Microscope
Authors: Gary Keeney, Kevin Leslie
Journal: JAMA (2008)

While engaged in general pathologic work I shared the common distrust of frozen sections of fresh tissues for microscopic diagnosis.On taking charge recently of the laboratories of the Drs.Mayo, surgeons, I carefully tested the various methods hitherto published and found them either too slow for results while the patient waits under the anesthetic or else giving poorly differentiated cell detail.After considerable experimentation the following technic was discovered, and for the last six months it has given uniformly excellent preparations:1. Bits of fresh tissue not more than 2 ϫ10ϫ10 mm. are frozen in dextrin solution and cut in sections of from 10 to 15 microns thick.2. The sections are removed from the knife with the tip of the finger and allowed to thaw thereon.3. The sections are unrolled with camel's-hair brushes in 1 per cent.NaCl solution.4. The sections are stained from 10 to 20 seconds in neutral Unna's polychrome methylene blue.5. They are washed out in 1 per cent.NaCl solution.6.They are mounted in Brun's glucose medium.
Platelet function in acute respiratory failure
Authors: Angelina C. Carvalho, Deborah A. Quinn, Sandra M. Demarinis, Julie G. Beitz, Warren M. Zapol
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract To assess the role of platelets in thrombohemorrhagic complications of acute respiratory failure (ARF), we studied platelet function in 13 ARF patients admitted for intensive care, in six acutely ill intensive care patients without evidence of acute lung injury (non‐ARF), and in 10 normal subjects. Platelet counts in ARF and non‐ARF patients were similar to the normal range. The bleeding time of the ARF patients (8.5 ± 0.9 min) was significantly longer (p &lt; 0.01) than the normal (4.8 ± 0.2 min) but similar to non‐ARF patients (5.4 ± 0.8 min). The bleeding time prolongations in ARF patients were unrelated to platelet concentration. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin was normal in both ARF and non‐ARF patient groups. The epinephrine response was impaired in one non‐ARF patient and in three ARF patients; collagen‐induced aggregation was absent in two ARF patients, with a prolonged bleeding time. Levels of VIII:C and vWF in both groups of patients were similar to the normal level, but VIIIR:Ag levels in ARF patients (407 ± 45% of normal) were higher (p &lt; 0.01) than in both non‐ARF patients (210% ± 10%) and normal subjects (106% ± 4). The electrophoretic mobility of VIIIR:Ag was abnormal in ARF patients. The prolonged bleeding time in ARF patients appears to result from the qualitative and quantitative VIIIR:Ag defect. β‐Thromboglobulin levels were greater (p &lt; 0.01) in ARF patients (87.6 ± 6.9 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.001) than in non‐ARF patients (46.2 ± 3.1 ng/ml) or in normal subjects (25.3 ± 2.5 ng/ml p &lt; 0.0001). However, platelet factor 4 plasma levels in ARF patients (18 ± 1.6 ng/ml) did not differ from those in non‐ARF patients (15.0 ± 3.0 ng/ml), but both were significantly different from normal (6.1 ± 0.8 ng/ml). Plasma thromboxane B 2 (T × B 2 ) levels were not different from normal values in either ARF or non‐ARF patients, but 6‐keto‐PFG 1α levels were significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.01) in ARF patients (215 ± 43 pg/ml) compared to normal values (381 ± 34 pg/ml). Non‐ARF patients had 6‐keto‐PGF 1α levels (285 ± 111 pg/ml) midway between the normal values and those of ARF patients. Our results suggest that in vivo platelet activation occurs in ARF. ARF patients have quantitative and qualitative platelet defects that may contribute to thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications.
EARLY FEATURES OF THE STRAWBERY MARK
Authors: Richard G. Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article EARLY FEATURES OF THE STRAWBERY MARK Get access Richard G. Wilson Richard G. Wilson Charing Cross Hospital Fulham Palace Road London W6 8RF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 6, 1 December 1973, Pages 648–649, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07595.x Published: 01 December 1973
Case 42-1962
Authors: Gerald S. Foster, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of Case First admission. A twenty-one-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of uremia.Three and a half years previously the patient began to experience intermittent attacks of wheezing, dyspnea and vomiting that were attributed to asthma. After an episode that lasted for two days he was admitted to another hospital, where he was found to have a blood pressure of 180 systolic, 90 diastolic, ++++ protein in the urine, hematuria, cylindruria and trace-positive glycosuria. The hemoglobin was 10.5 gm., the albumin 2.9 gm., the globulin 1.8 gm., the calcium 11 mg., the nonprotein nitrogen 40 mg., . . .
Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Calcification
Authors: Richard A. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary calcification (DIPC)—an unusual complication of several diseases including sarcoidosis, varicella, carcinomatosis, multiple myeloma, primary hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal disease with uremia, the "milk-alkali" syndrome—develops by either metastatic or dystrophic calcification. Metastatic calcification occurs in most hypercalcemic states, and the calcium deposits in normal visceral tissues, such as the lungs, kidneys, stomach, heart, and blood vessels. Dystrophic calcification, on the other hand, develops at normal serum calcium concentrations, and the calcium deposits in pathologic tissues, possibly by the phenomenon of calciphylaxis. The symptoms and signs of DIPC are completely nonspecific and vary depending on the stage and progression of the disease. Once induced, the calcium continues to deposit in the alveolar septa of the lung and frequently incites the development of interstitial fibrosis. This may lead to restrictive lung dysfunction and mechanically stiff lungs. The clinical expressions of DIPC are frequently masked by the manifestations of the primary disease,
Gallbladder Cancer Presenting as an Isolated Large Lung Mass
Authors: Hye-Ryoun Kim, Gi Jeong Cheon, Jae Soo Koh, Sung Hyun Yang, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Jae Cheol Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A large lung mass was incidentally found in a 68-year-old man. The chest computed tomography (CT) showed a lobulated mass in the right lower lung without enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was revealed by pathologic examination. Unexpectedly, a hypermetabolic lesion of standardized uptake value (SUV) 8.2 was noted in the gallbladder by fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG-PET)/CT during staging work-up for lung cancer. A markedly thickened fundus of the gallbladder was shown on abdominal CT. Subsequent immunostainings for TTF-1 and CK-7 were negative suggesting the lung mass would not be primarily originating from the lung. Abdominal surgery was performed to remove the gallbladder mass, which was followed by right lower lobectomy of lung. An isolated lung metastasis from gallbladder cancer was confirmed although it is extremely rare.
The Final Months: A Study of the Lives of 134 Persons Who Committed Suicide
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>Vivienne: The Life and Suicide of an Adolescent Girl,</h3> by John E. Mack and Holly Hickler, 237 pp, $13.95, Boston, Little Brown &amp; Co, 1981. While our knowledge in the field of suicide rapidly accrues, as evidenced by these two volumes, the solution to this serious public health problem continues in large measure to elude us. In<i>The Final Months</i>Robins has made a unique contribution to the clinical understanding of suicide. This work of Robins' is in a tradition of clinical investigation that has become synonymous with his name, and is the kind of book that settles arguments in the field. In this work he summarizes every one of the 134 case studies from his St Louis series of 1956-1957. His conclusions from that study are presented in lucid form with refreshing simplicity. An issue frequently raised in suicide studies is that of the "normal" suicide, ie, the person
Factor VIII gene variants and inhibitor risk in African American hemophilia A patients
Authors: Devi Gunasekera, Ruth A. Ettinger, Shelley Nakaya Fletcher, Eddie A. James, Maochang Liu, John C. Barrett, Janice Withycombe, Dana C. Matthews, Melinda S. Epstein, Richard J. Hughes, Kathleen P. Pratt
Journal: Blood (2015)
Variation in and Factors Associated With Use of Episiotomy
Authors: Alexander M. Friedman, Cande V. Ananth, Eri Prendergast, Mary E. D’Alton, Jason D. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Episiotomy is a common obstetric procedure, estimated to be performed in 25% of vaginal deliveries in the United States in 2004.1 Restrictive use of episiotomy has been recommended given the risks of the procedure and unclear benefits of routine use. In 2006, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended against routine episiotomy,2 and, in 2008, the National Quality Forum recognized limiting routine episiotomy as an important measure of quality and patient safety, noting increased risks of pain, laceration, and anal incontinence with the procedure.
Epigenetic silencing of DACH1 induces loss of transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>1 antiproliferative response in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hongbin Zhu, Kongming Wu, Wenji Yan, Ling Hu, Jing Yuan, Yan Dong, Yazhuo Li, Kunyu Jing, Yunsheng Yang, Mingzhou Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Human dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is a major component of the Retinal Determination Gene Network (RDGN) and functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the regulation of DACH1 expression and its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, epigenetic changes of DACH1 were analyzed in HCC cell lines and primary cancers. We found that promoter region hypermethylation was correlated with loss or reduction of DACH1 expression, and restoration of DACH1 expression was induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) in HCC cell lines. Promoter region methylation was found in 42% of primary HCC. Reduced expression of DACH1 was associated with poor differentiation of HCC nodules and higher serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio. DACH1 suppressed cellular growth by reactivating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Ectopic expression of DACH1 enhanced chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by inducing p21 expression in HCC cells.DACH1 is frequently methylated in HCC and DACH1 expression is regulated by promoter hypermethylation. Down-regulation of DACH1 is a novel mechanism for gaining resistance to the antiproliferative signaling of TGF-β1 and 5-FU resistance.