tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tofacitinib withdrawal and retreatment in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: R. Bissonnette, L. Iversen, H. Sofen, C.E.M. Griffiths, P. Foley, R. Romiti, M. Bachinsky, S.T. Rottinghaus, H. Tan, J. Proulx, H. Valdez, P. Gupta, L. Mallbris, R. Wolk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor being investigated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.To compare outcomes following tofacitinib withdrawal with outcomes of continuation.In this phase 3 study (NCT01186744), patients received tofacitinib 5 mg (n = 331) or 10 mg (n = 335) twice daily for 24 weeks. The patients who achieved both ≥ 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) score from baseline and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) of 'clear' or 'almost clear' (PGA response) received a placebo (withdrawal) or the previous dose. At relapse (> 50% reduction in the PASI improvement during initial treatment) or week 40, the patients received the initial dose.Initial treatment: 33·5% and 55·2% achieved both PASI 75 and PGA responses with tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg twice daily, respectively, making them eligible for the treatment-withdrawal period. Withdrawal: 56·2%, 62·3%, 23·3% and 26·1% maintained PASI 75 responses with tofacitinib 5, 10 mg, placebo (5 mg) and placebo (10 mg) twice daily, respectively; 49·9%, 63·9%, 22·9% and 18·0% maintained PGA responses; and 92·3%, 93·0%, 32·8% and 42·9% did not relapse. Elevations in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels following initial treatment (mean increase: 8·71 mg dL(-1) with 5 mg twice daily, 10·26 mg dL(-1) with 10 mg twice daily) were reversed upon withdrawal. Retreatment: 36·8% and 61·0% of patients who relapsed achieved PASI 75 responses with tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg after 16 weeks; 44·8% and 57·1% regained PGA responses.Patients who received continuous treatment maintained a response more effectively when compared with placebo recipients. Safety profiles were comparable in both the continuous treatment group and retreatment group. Of those patients who relapsed, up to 60% recaptured a response with tofacitinib.
Predictive value for coeliac disease of antibodies to gliadin, endomysium, and jejunum in patients attending for jejunal biopsy.
Authors: S A McMillan, D J Haughton, J D Biggart, J D Edgar, K G Porter, T A McNeill
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the extent to which the detection of antibodies to gliadin, endomysium, and jejunum predicts the eventual diagnosis of coeliac disease according to the revised ESPGAN diagnostic criteria in a group of patients in whom there is a high suspicion of coeliac disease.Clinical assessment and laboratory analysis of patients with suspected coeliac disease.Gastroenterology department of teaching hospital.96 adults with suspected coeliac disease attending for jejunal biopsy.Diagnosis of coeliac disease with the revised criteria of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition in patients with and without antibodies associated with coeliac disease.28 patients had a clinical diagnosis of coeliac disease, seven of other gastrointestinal diseases, and 12 of miscellaneous diseases; 49 had no diagnosis. Gliadin IgA detected by ELISA was found in all patients with coeliac disease and none of those without, giving a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and predictive efficiency of 100% for diagnosing coeliac disease within the group. Endomysial IgA was found in 25 (89%) patients with coeliac disease and jejunal IgA in 21 (75%); neither IgA was found in patients without coeliac disease.Detection of gliadin IgA by ELISA and to a lesser extent the endomysial IgA should allow better selection of patients for jejunal biopsy and thus make diagnosing coeliac disease simpler and more efficient.
Caleb William Davies
Authors: Richard Davies
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Caleb William Davies (“Bill”) was born in Sarenga (then India) to medical missionary parents. At the age of 6 he travelled home to the United Kingdom to start his education at Kingswood Methodist School, where he obtained his first MB. He qualified at University College Hospital in 1939, just in time to take up a post as a casualty officer in Tottenham. He worked there through the Blitz while his wife, Joan, learnt to drive and joined the ambulance service. Strictly speaking, his first case of importance was on the day he qualified, when he was called to certify a barmaid as dead after she had been shot during a blackout. He later published his account in the BMJ : “My First Case.”

Frustrated at being kept waiting by the Royal Air Force, he applied to join the King’s African Rifles and made his way to Kenya, after completing a crash course in tropical medicine at Edinburgh. The journey was not entirely straightforward, as he had to hitch a lift on a Dutch vessel just after the fall of Holland. Kenya was a very important staging post for troops travelling to the Far East, and Bill was soon involved in creating an immunised “barrier zone” along the coast. The particular problems were smallpox …
Group vs Solo Practice
Authors: Everett Shocket
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the EDITORIAL entitled "Medical Man-Power Shortage" (<b>217</b>:1857, 1971)The Journalseems to endorse the rationale favoring group practice... [in]... that "one-stop" medical services can provide better and more efficient treatment... [can]... refer patients to specialists... can delegate tasks to specialized technicians whom the solo practitioner does not have available. Such a paragraph troubles me as it leads itself to quotation by those who would advocate group practice rather than solo practice. Such a paragraph needs clarification lestThe Journal, organized medicine's official voice, be interpreted as favoring group to solo practice. Halberstan (<i>New Eng J Med</i><b>284</b>:1180, 1971) decried the fact that the "... central malaise in American life today... depersonalization,... calls for smaller less rigid units of (medical) service." Harry Schwartz (<i>Sat Rev Lit</i>, Aug 14, 1971) stated that... it is
Unusual cause of gnawing pain in the hand.
Authors: T R Parkington, K J Tayton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

CommentBotulism is an intoxication, the toxin being formed under anaerobic conditions in food containing living spores of Cl botulinum, an organism fairly widely distributed in soil.Meat products, home- canned vegetables, and fish are commonly responsible.3This outbreak in Kenya was due to eating white ants, a common food source, after their storage in anaerobic conditions.Unrecognised outbreaks may be occurring in East Africa.There is a need for further epidemiological study.
Prkar1a is an osteosarcoma tumor suppressor that defines a molecular subclass in mice
Authors: Sam D. Molyneux, Marco A. Di Grappa, Alexander G. Beristain, Trevor D. McKee, Daniel H. Wai, Jana Paderova, Meenakshi Kashyap, Pingzhao Hu, Tamara Maiuri, Swami R. Narala, Vuk Stambolic, Jeremy Squire, Josef Penninger, Otto Sanchez, Timothy J. Triche, Geoffrey A. Wood, Lawrence S. Kirschner, Rama Khokha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Some cancers have been stratified into subclasses based on their unique involvement of specific signaling pathways. The mapping of human cancer genomes is revealing a vast number of somatic alterations; however, the identification of clinically relevant molecular tumor subclasses and their respective driver genes presents challenges. This information is key to developing more targeted and personalized cancer therapies. Here, we generate a new mouse model of genomically unstable osteosarcoma (OSA) that phenocopies the human disease. Integrative oncogenomics pinpointed cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I, α regulatory subunit (Prkar1a) gene deletions at 11qE1 as a recurrent genetic trait for a molecularly distinct subclass of mouse OSA featuring RANKL overexpression. Using mouse genetics, we established that Prkar1a is a bone tumor suppressor gene capable of directing subclass development and driving RANKL overexpression during OSA tumorigenesis. Finally, we uncovered evidence for a PRKAR1A-low subset of human OSA with distinct clinical behavior. Thus, tumor subclasses develop in mice and can potentially provide information toward the molecular stratification of human cancers.
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: The main liver disease in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia and hepatic abnormalities
Authors: Georgia Malamut, Marianne Ziol, Felipe Suarez, Michel Beaugrand, Jean François Viallard, Anne Sophie Lascaux, Virginie Verkarre, Dominique Bechade, Thierry Poynard, Olivier Hermine, Christophe Cellier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
957 PHARMACOKINETICS, SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF THE HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR ABT-333 FOLLOWING MULTIPLE ASCENDING DOSES AND EFFECT OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF KETOCONAZOLE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: R. Menon, D. Cohen, A. Nada, Y.-L. Chiu, T. Podsadecki, W. Awni, B. Bernstein, C. Klein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Science and Practice of Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation
Authors: Vincent James Cogliano, Robert A. Baan, Kurt Straif, Yann Grosse, Marie Béatrice Secretan, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Paul Kleihues
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Several national and international health agencies have established programs with the aim of identifying agents and exposures that cause cancer in humans. Carcinogen identification is an activity grounded in the scientific evaluation of the results of human epidemiologic studies, long-term bioassays in experimental animals, and other data relevant to an evaluation of carcinogenicity and its mechanisms. In this commentary, after a brief discussion of the science basis common to the evaluation of carcinogens across different programs, we discuss in more detail the principles and procedures currently used by the IARC Monographs program.
Homocystinuria: Clinical, Genetic, and Pathologic Studies.
Authors: R. Neil Schimke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Homocystinuria: Clinical, Genetic, and Pathologic Studies.R. Neil Schimke, M.D., Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. D. Pollack, M.D.R. Neil Schimke, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Victor A. McKusick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. D. Pollack, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-916_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the course of a urine screening of patients with nontraumatic ectopia lentis or presumed Marfan syndrome, or both, 14 families, containing a total of 26 persons, with homocystinuria have been detected. Homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism inherited as an autosomal recessive, unlike the true Marfan syndrome that is inherited as a dominant.Since homocystinuria have ectopia lentis and skeletal and vascular abnormalities, the Marfan syndrome is simulated. The eye lesions are indistinguishable from those of Marfan syndrome. Excessively long extremities, scoliosis, and deformity of the anterior chest occur as in the Marfan syndrome. Loose-jointedness is a less... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 916-916KeywordsClinical geneticsHomocystinuriaInborn errors of metabolismLesionsMarfan syndromeThoraxUrine Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dendritic Cells Rapidly Recruited into Epithelial Tissues via CCR6/CCL20 Are Responsible for CD8+ T Cell Crosspriming In Vivo
Authors: Marie Le Borgne, Nathalie Etchart, Anne Goubier, Sergio A. Lira, Jean Claude Sirard, Nico van Rooijen, Christophe Caux, Smina Aït-Yahia, Alain Vicari, Dominique Kaiserlian, Bertrand Dubois
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Epidemic Hepatitis in a Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Charles P. Pattison
Journal: JAMA (1974)

During a six-month period (Dec 15, 1972, to June 15, 1973), hepatitis developed in five employees of a large, hospital-based clinical laboratory. Three employees had transient hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag), one had antibody to surface antigen (anti-HB s ), and one had neither. In the two years preceding this outbreak, only one laboratory employee had had overt hepatitis.  Risk-factor analysis for ill employees and a control group of HB s Ag- and anti-HB s -negative laboratory employees matched for age, length of employment, and amount of exposure to blood specimens showed that only a history of sustaining cuts while handling laboratory requisitions was statisticallysignificant ( P   Recognition of the possible cause of the outbreak and adoption of problem-oriented preventive measures have been associated with no further clinical cases of hepatitis in the past year.  ( JAMA 230:854-857, 1974)
When Retrospective Comparative Effectiveness Research Hinders Science and Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Laurie W. Cuttino, Atif Khan, David E. Wazer, Douglas W. Arthur, Frank A. Vicini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

We thank Cuttino et al 1 for their interest in our work, but differ with them on several critical points, starting with the role and definition of comparative effectiveness research (CER). 2 The goal of CER is to provide data that help patients and health care providers make informed deci-sions.Distinct study designs support this goal, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies such as ours, and data syntheses such as meta-analysis; each methodologic approach can inform clinical decision making by contributing to the body of evidence.Cuttino et al 1 correctly emphasize that observational studies have limitations, including treatment assignment bias, unmeasured
Current Status of the Clinical Use of Antibiotic-Vitamin Combinations
Authors: Grace A. Goldsmith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE therapeutic value of antibiotics in many of the heterogeneous infections to which man is susceptible has been amply documented and does not require elaboration at this time. Recently, the suggestion was made that administration of vitamins in combination with antibiotics may prove more beneficial than antibiotics alone. The "therapeutic vitamin formula" that has been used in combination with antibiotics is the one tentatively suggested in the bulletin Therapeutic Nutrition, which was prepared with the collaboration of the Committee on Therapeutic Nutrition of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council and published in 1952.1 The conjectural nature . . .
O7.09 * [68GA]-DOTATATE-PET IMAGING PREDICTS SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR II EXPRESSION IN MENINGIOMAS
Authors: W. Rachinger, V. Stocklein, A. R. Haug, U. Schuller, C. Schichor, N. Thon, J. C. Tonn
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are known to express somatostatin receptors. Positron emission tomography (PET) using the somatostatin receptor II (SSR II) analogue [68Ga]-DOTATATE as a tracer, has recently been introduced for imaging of meningiomas. It was the aim of this study to correlate tracer uptake and somatostatin receptor expression in [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET-guided biopsies obtained during open resection of meningiomas. METHODS: Adult patients with primary or recurrent meningiomas were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative MRI and [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET scans were used for neuronavigation which included intraoperative computed tomography for registration. During open resection of meningiomas, navigated biopsies were obtained and the tissue sampling site was documented on both MRI and [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET scans. A histopathological analysis was done, including determination of SSR II expression by immunohistochemistry. Maximum standardized uptake volume (SUVmax) of PET tracer was measured at the tissue sampling sites and correlated with SSR II expression. Additionally, MRI scans were evaluated for the presence of tumor tissue at the sampling sites. RESULTS: 21 patients were included in our study. 12 patients suffered from primary meningioma, 9 had recurrent meningiomas. The median age was 51 years. A total of 115 samples was obtained and 81 showed tumor tissue whereas 34 showed tumor free tissue on histopathological analysis. PET data showed that a SUVmax >2.3 was significantly associated with a histopathological diagnosis of tumor tissue. PET imaging showed a significantly increased sensitivity regarding the detection of tumor tissue as compared to MRI (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in specificity (p = 0.4) and positive predictive value (p = 0.3). Statistical analysis of quantitative SSR II expression and SUVmax values showed a highly significant positive correlation (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET precisely predicts SSR II expression in meningioma tissue. Furthermore, PET detects tumor tissue with higher sensitivity than MRI. Taken together, [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET appears to be a valuable tool for planning personalized therapy in meningioma patients, e.g. for determining the necessary extent of resection or for defining the optimal radiotherapy target volume.
Abstract 3146: The role of SUMO on the stabilization of estrogen receptor β cx in hypoxic conditions
Authors: Prasenjit Dey, Anders M. Strom, Jan-Ake Gustafsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER) βcx is a 495 amino acid splice variant of estrogen receptor (ER) β. It is highly expressed in testes and hypoxic brain, with small amount of expression observed in prostate, thymus and ovary. Clinical studies in breast cancer, shows that, increased expression/stabilization and cytosolic localization of ERβcx have a bad prognosis compared with nuclear localization. We believe that hypoxia play a role in the stabilization of ERβcx. As hypoxia is central to cancer tumorigenesis, the role played by ERβcx in hypoxic environment can elucidate, at least partially, cancer progression and prognosis. We found that, HEK293T cells transiently transfected with YFP-ERβcx fusion protein show more intense fluorescence in the presence of 100 μM CoCl2 (a hypoxia mimetic) indicating the stabilization of the YFP-ERβcx protein. As a control the YFP-ERβ do not show any change after treatment with CoCl2. The ERβcx differ from ERβ by an alternatively spliced last exon. It is well known from previous studies that hypoxic condition stabilizes HIF1α, a transcriptional regulator of a cell's adaptive response to hypoxia. This may causes upregulation of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) pathway. A close examination of the unique CX exon reveals a SUMOylation consensus sequence. Mutation of this sequence abolishes the hypoxic regulation of ERβcx. Elucidating the regulatory mechanism of ERβcx might give clues to its role in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3146.
Maintenance Bevacizumab After Induction Chemotherapy: Systematic Review of Literature and Pooled Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Tamburini Emiliano, Nicoletti Stefania Vittoria Luisa, Santelmo Carlotta, Drudi Fabrizio, Fantini Manuela, Ridolfi Claudio, Stocchi Lucia, Cavagna Enrico, Veneroni Luigi, Donati Gabriele, Francioni GianFranco, Tassinari Davide
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Arteriovenous fistulae secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Clinical and cardiovascular manifestations: report of a case.
Authors: M V Rodgers, A J Moss, M Hoffman, E O Lipchik
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A 63-year-old woman presented with progressive congestive heart failure and unexplained cardiomegaly. Diagnostic workup revealed large arteriovenous fistulae in the lower pole of the left kidney. A total left nephrectomy was performed and microscopic exam revealed renal cell carcinoma. Following surgery, the congestive heart failure cleared and the patient has been asymptomatic for one year. The pertinent findings of the 22 patients who have been reported previously in the literature with arteriovenous fistulae complicating renal cell carcinoma are reviewed. Thirty percent of the patients presented with cardiovascular complaints, and 60% had significant cardiovascular findings during the course of evaluation. An abdominal bruit was the most discriminating finding on physical exam, and it occurred in 72% of the reported cases. The diagnosis was unexpectedly established by surgery in 13%, and by angiography in 87% -- usually in the course of a workup for hypertension, abdominal pain, hematuria, or during search for an occult malignancy. An extensive evaluation is required for early diagnosis of this correctible cause of hypertension and heart failure.
Postoperative analgesic requirements in patients exposed to positive intraoperative suggestions.
Authors: T T McLintock, H Aitken, C F Downie, G N Kenny
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To establish whether positive suggestions given to a patient under general anaesthesia reduce postoperative pain and analgesic requirements. DESIGN--Prospective double blind randomised study. SETTING--Operating theatre and gynaecology ward of a teaching hospital. PATIENTS--63 Woman undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomised to be played either a tape of positive suggestions or a blank tape during the operation through a personal stereo system. INTERVENTIONS--Three women were withdrawn from the study. Anaesthesia was standardised for all of the women. Postoperative analgesia was provided through a patient controlled analgesia system for the first 24 hours. Pain scores were recorded every six hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Morphine consumption over the first 24 hours after the operation; pain scores. RESULTS--Mean morphine requirements were 51.0 mg (95% confidence interval 42.1 to 60.0 mg in the women played positive suggestions; and 65.7 mg (55.6 to 75.7 mg) in those played a blank tape. The point estimate (95% confidence interval) for the difference of means was 14.6 mg (22.4%) (1.9 (2.9%) to 27.3 mg (41.6%] (p = 0.028). Pain scores were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION--Positive intraoperative suggestions seem to have a significant effect in reducing patients9 morphine requirements in the early postoperative period.