tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positive Tuberculin Test
Authors: Robert B. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In the answer given to the question concerning the feasibility of chemotherapy for a child with a positive tuberculin reaction (JAMA175: 74 [Jan. 7] 1961), the writer correctly gives the impression that this problem is controversial and that more and more authorities are recommending treatment of small children with a positive tuberculin reaction who are otherwise healthy. He might have mentioned that the tuberculin test is currently undergoing a reappraisal in the light of evident cross reactions during and after infections with the unclassified (or atypical) group of mycobacteria.The portion of the answer I take issue with is the flat statement that children under 4 years of age should be given 5 mg. of isoniazid per kilogram of body weight per day for one year or more. Work at several institutions (one of which is the National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colo.) has indicated that a
The Effect of the 1992 California Motorcycle Helmet Use Law on Motorcycle Crash Fatalities and Injuries
Authors: Jess F. Kraus
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the effects of the California motorcycle helmet use law on statewide fatalities and a large sample of nonfatal injuries before and after law implementation.Police reports and death certificates were collected for motorcycle crash fatalities in California for 1991 (prelaw) and 1992 (postlaw). Official counts of registered motorcycles provided a statewide basis for exposure to a motorcycle crash. Autopsy results were collected for fatalities in 11 counties. Hospital records were reviewed for nonfatal injuries in 28 hospitals in 10 of the 11 counties. Police reports were linked to injury data for the riders.A total of 850 fatalities and injury data for 547 fatally injured riders and 3252 nonfatally injured patients.Changes in number and rates among statewide fatalities were estimated. The number and pattern of head injuries in fatally and nonfatally injured motorcycle riders were evaluated.After implementation of the helmet use law, statewide motorcycle crash fatalities decreased by 37.5%, from 523 fatalities in 1991 to 327 in 1992, more than 37%, and an estimated 92 to 122 fatalities were prevented. Motorcycle fatality rates were reduced by 26.5%, from 70.1 per 100,000 registered motorcycles in 1991 to 51.5 per 100,000 in 1992. Head injuries decreased significantly among both fatally and nonfatally injured motorcyclists.Enactment of an unrestricted helmet law significantly reduces the incidence of motorcycle crash fatalities and the number and severity of head injuries.
Increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy in first-degree relatives of patients with multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Celine M. Vachon, Robert A. Kyle, Terry M. Therneau, Barbara J. Foreman, Dirk R. Larson, Colin L. Colby, Tara K. Phelps, Angela Dispenzieri, Shaji K. Kumar, Jerry A. Katzmann, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults: Results are difficult to interpret because of limitations
Authors: Lennart Hardell, Kjell Hansson Mild
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The UK part of the Interphone study concluded that mobile phone use is not associated with an increased risk of glioma.1 However, ≥ 10 years ipsilateral use yielded an odds ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval 0.92 to 2.76) and contralateral use an odds ratio of 0.78 (0.85 to 1.3).

Only 51% of the cases and 45% of the controls …
Simultaneous endocardial and epicardial monophasic action potential recordings during brief periods of coronary artery ligation in the dog: influence of adrenaline, beta blockade and alpha blockade
Authors: P. TAGGART, P. M I SUTTON, D. W SPEAR, H. F DRAKE, R H. SWANTON, R. W EMANUEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Simultaneous endocardial and epicardial monophasic action potential recordings during brief periods of coronary artery ligation in the dog: influence of adrenaline, beta blockade and alpha blockade Get access PETER TAGGART, PETER TAGGART From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PETER M I SUTTON, PETER M I SUTTON From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID W SPEAR, DAVID W SPEAR From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HELEN F DRAKE, HELEN F DRAKE From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R HOWARD SWANTON, R HOWARD SWANTON From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD W EMANUEL RICHARD W EMANUEL From the Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, The Middlesex Hospital and Medical School, Mortimer Street, London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 12, December 1988, Pages 900–909, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.12.900 Published: 01 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 15 July 1988 Published: 01 December 1988
Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium Workshop on Nervous System Tumors
Authors: David H. Gutmann, Elizabeth A. Maher, Terry Van Dyke
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Nervous system tumors are clinically challenging neoplasms that form within the central and peripheral nervous system. Although there have been many clinical trials using novel agents for the treatment of primary brain tumors, there have been few advances that positively affect overall patient survival. Over the past several years, there has been significant progress in the development of accurate small-animal spontaneous brain tumor models, small-animal neuroimaging, and tools for the bioinformatic analysis of complex molecular data sets, all of which have contributed to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of human brain tumors. Whereas these models will continue to be of great value in basic science investigations, they can also be used to identify and validate potential therapies for brain tumors and to evaluate these drugs in preclinical trials. The National Cancer Institute recently convened a workshop to review the current state of small-animal brain tumor modeling and to make recommendations about the use of these models to improve the clinical outcome for patients with brain tumors. In this meeting report, we outline the current state of small-animal models for brain tumors, the potential applications of these models, and the recommendations made by the workshop participants for the use of mouse models in the preclinical evaluation of potential brain tumor therapies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 10-3)
GANGRENE OF THE FOOT DUE TO UTERINE MYOMA.
Authors: STEPHEN H. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The case which I am about to report is so unique in my experience, that I deem it worthy of publication. Mrs. M. came to the Maine General Hospital with the following history: During the fall of 1895 and the early part of the winter of 1896 the patient suffered from severe cramps below the knee. It was mostly after sitting for a long time or after sleeping at night. In March, 1896, a slight cold was taken and she suffered much pain, which seemed like the pain of rheumatism. She soon became lame and suffered more pain in the limb, which could be relieved for a time by the application of dry heat. In the early part of June, the limb was so painful and lame that she was obliged to lie in bed. The limb became badly swollen and in the middle of June the weight of the
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Revisited
Authors: Alan D. Schreiber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Immunologic systems are now known to have a major role in the pathophysiology of many human disease processes. One such system is serum complement. Complement is one of several plasma protein systems that consists of a series of circulating precursor proteins and regulatory molecules. Biologically active products are generated during complement activation, and the delineation of these products has helped to define the critical role of complement in human biology. Similarly, an understanding of the function of these molecules has established complement as an important participant in the pathophysiology and clinical expression of several human diseases. One such disease is . . .
Global Justice and Bioethics
Authors: Thomas A. Faunce
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis. A Trial of Heparin, Streptokinase, and Arvin
Authors: V. V. Kakkar, C. Flanc, C. T. Howe, M. O'Shea, P. T. Flute
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Thirty patients with deep vein thrombosis of the legs of less than four days' duration were allocated at random to treatment with heparin, streptokinase, or Arvin under laboratory control. When the fate of the thrombi was assessed by objective techniques-phlebography and the (125)I-labelled fibrinogen test-the incidence of complete thrombolysis was greatest in the streptokinase group. Complications arose during treatment in each group but were least with Arvin. The natural history of the disease favours clinical but not always anatomical recovery.
Heterosexual spread of HIV infection.
Authors: D. Barlow, J. Sherrard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Potential endocervical pathogens before termination EDITOR, -Mike Cohn and Peter Stewart report the prevalence of potential pathogens in the cervical canal before termination ofpregnancy.'An associa- tion between one of these pathogens (Chlamydia trachomatis) and increased morbidity after termination of pregnancy has also been reported.24We recently conducted an audit of the effect of screening for C trachomatis (MicroTrak, Syva) and treatment in women seeking termination of pregnancy at Taunton and Somerset Hospitals.We studied all women offered termination between January 1990 and June 1991.They were divided into two groups.Those in group 1 (n= 140) had a termination between January 1990 and May 1990, when no screening was done, and those in group 2 (n=306) had a termination between June 1990 and June 1991, when screening was routinely performed before termination.Those in whom C trachomatis was detected were treated post- operatively with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10 days, and instructions for treatment of their sexual partners were given to their general practitioners.C trachomatis was identified in 49 (16 0%) women in group 2. Forty two of these women were single nulliparous women aged 15-24.This represents 45 2% of terminations in this age group.In group 1, 17 (12 1%) patients were readmitted with abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and fever.C trachomatis was detected in 11 of these patients.Two (0 5%) patients in group 2 were readmitted with fever, lower abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge.C trachomatis was not detected in either, and both responded to clavulanic acid and amoxycillin.The complication rate in group 1 was significantly higher (p<005) than that in group 2.Our findings support those of Cohn and Stewart that C trachomatis is more commonly isolated in single young nulliparous women.The fact that C trachomatis was isolated in only a proportion of our complicated cases also suggests that other pathogens such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Myco- plasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum may be responsible for postoperative infections.We support the suggestion that all women routinely undergoing termination of pregnancy should be screened for potential pathogens.If this is not possible, however, we agree with Cohn and Stewart's suggestion that selective screening of young nulliparous women should be offered.
539 DENDRITIC CELLS ENGINEERED TO EXPRESS CD40L AND AFP INDUCE TUMOR REGRESSION OF SUBCUTANEOUS HEPATOCELLULAR TUMORS BY ACTIVATING INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY AND BY INDUCING APOPTOSIS
Authors: M.A. Gonzalez-Carmona, C. Schneider, A. Vogt, E. Sievers, I.G. Schmidt-Wolf, V. Schmitz, T. Sauerbruch, W.H. Caselmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide are decreased in the kidney of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
Authors: L A Sechi, J P Valentin, C A Griffin, E Lee, E Bartoli, M H Humphreys, M Schambelan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To determine whether decreased renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in diabetes is mediated by alterations in the renal ANP receptor, ANP receptor density and affinity were measured 17-20 d after streptozotocin injection and compared with values in vehicle-treated controls and streptozotocin-treated rats made euglycemic with insulin. Plasma ANP concentration was significantly greater in hyperglycemic diabetic rats than in control or euglycemic diabetic rats. Both in glomeruli and inner medulla, ANP receptor dissociation constant did not differ among the three study groups, whereas the maximum binding capacity was decreased significantly in hyperglycemic diabetics in comparison with controls and euglycemic diabetics. Glomerular clearance receptors were also decreased significantly in hyperglycemic diabetic rats in comparison with control and euglycemic diabetic rats. To determine whether the decreased number of renal ANP receptors in diabetic rats was associated with a decreased biological response, we measured ANP-dependent cyclic GMP (cGMP) accumulation by isolated glomeruli and inner medullary collecting duct cells in vitro. cGMP accumulation was significantly less in hyperglycemic diabetic rats than in controls or euglycemic diabetic rats both in the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast. cGMP phosphodiesterase activity in inner medullary collecting duct cells obtained from control and hyperglycemic diabetic rats did not differ. Thus, the decreased number of biologically active ANP receptors in the kidneys of diabetic rats is accompanied by decreased biological responsiveness in vitro and provides a potential explanation for the reduction in renal sensitivity to ANP in this condition.
SOME NOTES ON THE NAILS.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphiligrophy, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

In the early days of the world, before man had learned to utilize the stores of nature, the nails were of far more importance than at present. As the first weapon of attack and defense, the first implement of digging in the soil, or cutting or preparing the food, a healthy finger nail was one of the necessities for a healthy existence. Even at the present time, they are of the utmost importance as an ornamental and useful appendage of the skin. They preserve the delicate and sensitive nerves of the posterior terminal portion of the fingers from contact with irritative substances. They protect the sense of touch in the tips of the fingers from becoming dull by constant contact and perform a thousand other useful offices. It will thus be seen that attention to their health is of paramount importance. Fortunately for both physician and patient, diseases of the
Human blood dendritic cell antigen 3 (BDCA3)<sup>+</sup>dendritic cells are a potent producer of interferon-λ in response to hepatitis C virus
Authors: Sachiyo Yoshio, Tatsuya Kanto, Shoko Kuroda, Tokuhiro Matsubara, Koyo Higashitani, Naruyasu Kakita, Hisashi Ishida, Naoki Hiramatsu, Hiroaki Nagano, Masaya Sugiyama, Kazumoto Murata, Takasuke Fukuhara, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Norio Hayashi, Masashi Mizokami, Tetsuo Takehara
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-28B (interferon-lambda [IFN]-λ3) gene are strongly associated with the efficacy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Dendritic cells (DCs) sense HCV and produce IFNs, thereby playing some cooperative roles with HCV-infected hepatocytes in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Blood dendritic cell antigen 3 (BDCA3)(+) DCs were discovered as a producer of IFN-λ upon Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation. We thus aimed to clarify the roles of BDCA3(+) DCs in anti-HCV innate immunity. Seventy healthy subjects and 20 patients with liver tumors were enrolled. BDCA3(+) DCs, in comparison with plasmacytoid DCs and myeloid DCs, were stimulated with TLR agonists, cell-cultured HCV (HCVcc), or Huh7.5.1 cells transfected with HCV/JFH-1. BDCA3(+) DCs were treated with anti-CD81 antibody, inhibitors of endosome acidification, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-specific inhibitor, or ultraviolet-irradiated HCVcc. The amounts of IL-29/IFN-λ1, IL-28A/IFN-λ2, and IL-28B were quantified by subtype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The frequency of BDCA3(+) DCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was extremely low but higher in the liver. BDCA3(+) DCs recovered from PBMC or the liver released large amounts of IFN-λs, when stimulated with HCVcc or HCV-transfected Huh7.5.1. BDCA3(+) DCs were able to induce ISGs in the coexisting JFH-1-positive Huh7.5.1 cells. The treatments of BDCA3(+) DCs with anti-CD81 antibody, cloroquine, or bafilomycin A1 reduced HCVcc-induced IL-28B release, whereas BDCA3(+) DCs comparably produced IL-28B upon replication-defective HCVcc. The TRIF-specific inhibitor reduced IL-28B release from HCVcc-stimulated BDCA3(+) DCs. In response to HCVcc or JFH-1-Huh7.5.1, BDCA3(+) DCs in healthy subjects with IL-28B major (rs8099917, TT) released more IL-28B than those with IL-28B minor genotype (TG).Human BDCA3(+) DCs, having a tendency to accumulate in the liver, recognize HCV in a CD81-, endosome-, and TRIF-dependent manner and produce substantial amounts of IL-28B/IFN-λ3, the ability of which is superior in subjects with IL-28B major genotype.
INTERNATIONAL FIRST IN MAN TRIAL WITH A NOVEL DRUG ELUTING BALLOON IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH IN-STENT RESTENOSIS (PEPPER)
Authors: Christoph Hehrlein, Gert Richardt, Marcus Wiemer, Henrik Schneider, Maciej Lesiak, Christoph Naber, Ellen Hoffmann, Erik Jørgensen, Jacek Kubica, Ulrich Dietz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Screening and treatment for hepatitis C: a balanced perspective
Authors: P. C. Matthews, K. Jeffery, P. Klenerman, E. Barnes, G. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Mouth occlusion pressure (P<sub>0.1</sub>) is the mouth pressure developed against a complete occlusion at 0.1 second after beginning of inspiration from FRC. Consciousness, autogenous reflexes and various lung mechanics do not affect it. We did this study in sequence of arterial blood gas examination, flow-volume curve, body plethysmography, diffusion capacity and measurement of P<sub>0.1</sub>. We divided the subjects into 4 groups such as normal control groups below 35 and above 50 years old, and the patient groups of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. We measured P<sub>0.1</sub> during breathing of the ambient air and, again during 6% CO<sub>2</sub>-rebreathing with simultaneous measurement of ventilatory parameters such as MV (minute ventilatory volume)/P<sub>0.1</sub>, T<sub>i</sub>/T<sub>t </sub>(inspiratory time/total respiratory time), TV/T<sub>i</sub>, and P<sub>0.1</sub>/TV/T<sub>i</sub>. During breathing of the ambient air, P<sub>0.1</sub>, MV/P<sub>0.1</sub> and P<sub>0.1</sub>/TV/T<sub>i</sub> showed a significant difference between the control groups and patient groups, and between the patient groups of obstructive and restrictive diseases. During CO<sub>2</sub>-rebreathing, P<sub>0.1</sub> and P<sub>0.1</sub>/TV/T<sub>i</sub> showed a significant difference between the control groups and patient groups. P<sub>0.1</sub> and P<sub>0.1</sub>/TV/T<sub>i</sub> correlated significantly. We did not find any difference between the patients with normal PaO<sub>2</sub> and those with hypoxemia. However, during CO<sub>2</sub>-rebreathing, there was a characteristic change of P<sub>0.1</sub> in the hypercapnic patient group compared with the normocapnic patient group. As a result, P<sub>0.1</sub> and P<sub>0.1</sub>/V<sub>T</sub>/T<sub>i</sub> are the valid indices of central inspiratory neuromuscular drive and effectiveness of respiratory muscles contraction. They are useful in the diagnosis of advanced chronic lung diseases that accompany CO<sub>2</sub> retention.
Rheumatoid subluxations of the cervical spine.
Authors: T T King
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Rheumatoid subluxations of the cervical spine Subluxations of the cervical spine complicating rheumatoid arthritis pose a number of problems.Their commonness in the population afflicted with the disease makes it important to have clear indications for surgical treatment, yet these are by no means agreed, and it is sometimes not easy in an individual case to decide whether something should be done and if so what.Furthermore, the deformity produced is variable both at the atlantoaxial and subaxial levels, and a standard method of treatment, say posterior fusion, is not applicable to every case.
ABC of ENT. Deafness in childhood.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Without hearing a child cannot acquire language, nor can he develop normal X&5 PJGenetic relationships.One to two of every 1000 liveborn infants suffer from 4 j;t B \ Prenatal deafness.Childhood deafness may be congenital or acquired.Congenital J Perinatal deafness may be (a) genetic, due to inherited defects; (b) prenatal, due to events during pregnancy such as rubella or other virus infections or the effects of drugs such as thalidomide that cross the placental barrier; or (c) perinatal, due to events at or around the time of birth.These include birth trauma, anoxia, and haemolytic disease of the newborn with kernicterus.Deafness in the first few years of life may be due to virus infections such as measles or mumps, meningitis, orotoxic antibiotics, or other causes -* K :