tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis: A Record of Experiences at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Authors: Arthur Grollman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A monograph on so uncommon a disease as myasthenia gravis is well justified by the authors' experience with over 500 patients with this disorder seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 139 of whom have been subjected to thymectomy. On the basis of this unique experience, the authors have outlined the indications for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis, the prognosis following operation, and surgical procedures which have reduced the mortality in the authors' series almost to zero. The monograph is much more comprehensive than is indicated by its title. It includes a general review of the historical background, current theories regarding neuromuscular transmission of the nerve impulse, as well as presumed functions of the thymus. In addition to the four chapters by the authors, the book includes such chapters as "Pathology of the thymus gland" by Benjamin Castleman; "Radiologic features of myasthenia gravis" by Laurence L. Robbins; "Technic of thymectomy" by Richard
Unexplained Elevation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels
Authors: Russell Dodds
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the recent article entitled "Transient, Marked, Unexplained Elevation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase."<sup>1</sup>I would like to relate a case history of this condition that resulted in extensive evaluation, and I would also like to add information from the literature regarding this entity that was not discussed in the article. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 18-month-old female infant was referred to our institution for evaluation of lethargy, mild diarrhea, and an increased alkaline phosphatase level (5,200 units/L). Physical examination findings were unremarkable, but it was suspected that the patient had metastatic disease of the bone. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrine levels were elevated, but extensive evaluation, including computed tomographic scan and bone marrow biopsy, failed to reveal any disease. Further examination of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme on gel electrophoresis showed an increase in the bone band and an abnormally migrating band just to
Association of Proliferating Macrophages with High Grade, Hormone Receptor Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: N. Tonlaar, M. Campbell, E. Garwood, A. Khramtsov, D. Moore, A. Au, F. Baehner, D. Huo, M. David, O. Oluwasola, A. Odetunde, M. Tretiakova, S. Li, C. Gong, E. Tonner, J. Fridlyand, A. Falusi, M. Mcgrath, J. Gray, O. Olopade, L. Esserman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Macrophages, a key cell in the inflammatory cascade, have been associated with poor prognosis in cancers, including breast cancer. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) have also been shown to play a role in invasion and metastases. In this study, we investigated the role of a subset of macrophages known as proliferating macrophages (promacs) in breast cancer. We examined the relationship between promacs and clinico-pathologic characteristics such as tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, molecular subtype, and survival. This study was conducted at two independent institutions (University of California, San Francisco and University of Chicago) using two independent cohorts of patients with breast cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections and/or tissue microarrays were double-stained with anti-CD68 (a macrophage marker) and anti-PCNA (a proliferation marker) antibodies. The number of total macrophages as well as promacs per high power field were counted. Molecular subtypes were determined from gene expression array analyses. Outcomes were available for a subset of the cases and Kaplan Meier survival curves were generated.Tumor tissue from two different cohorts of patients with breast cancer were stained and analyzed at two independent institutions. In both studies, promac density was significantly correlated with higher grade, hormone-receptor negative tumors, and a basal-like subtype. In contrast there was no correlation between numbers of promacs and tumor size, stage, or number of involved lymph nodes. The presence of increased promacs was a significant predictor of survival in these treated patients. Proliferating macrophages are more abundant in high grade tumors, and predict a worse outcome, independent of stage and grade. These findings, corroborated at two independent institutions, suggest that the presence of promacs is associated with tumor progression and increased promac density may serve as a prognostic indicator for poor outcomes. Novel therapies that are able to target and halt the activity of promacs may be a promising strategy for the treatment of promac rich tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3042.
Respiratory Resistive Impedance as an Index of Airway Obstruction during Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Titration
Authors: ANNE MARIE LORINO, FREDERIC LOFASO, DANIELLE DUIZABO, FRANÇOISE ZERAH, FRANÇOISE GOLDENBERG, MARIE PIA d'ORTHO, ALAIN HARF, HUBERT LORINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Esophageal pressure amplitude ( Δ Pes), inspiratory pulmonary resistance (Rli) and inspiratory flow limitation score (FS) are used as indices of upper airway obstruction for the titration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study was designed to determine whether oscillatory respiratory resistive impedance at 16 Hz (Rfo) might be proposed as an alternative index. Eleven OSAS patients were studied during a night of polysomnography-controlled nCPAP titration. Nasal flow (V˙) and airway opening and esophageal pressures (Pao and Pes, respectively) were continuously measured during nasal breathing, and forced-flow oscillations (FO) were applied for 5 min at each nCPAP level. Rli was calculated by linear regression analysis of resistive pressure versus V˙ over inspiration. R fo was obtained by linear regression analysis of respiratory resistive impedance versus frequency. Application of FO affected neither sleep nor pulmonary mechanics. Rfo correlated with Rli in all patients. Rfo did not correlate with Δ Pes in two patients, and was not significantly related to FS in five patients. This study demonstrates the applicability of the FO technique in sleeping patients receiving nCPAP, and the reliability of Rfo for assessing pulmonary resistance. Rfo might therefore be proposed as a quantitative index of airway obstruction for nCPAP titration.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases with implications for atherosclerosis
Authors: Michael P. Herman, Galina K. Sukhova, Walter Kisiel, Don Foster, Marilyn R. Kehry, Peter Libby, Uwe Schönbeck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Degradation of ECM, particularly interstitial collagen, promotes plaque instability, rendering atheroma prone to rupture. Previous studies implicated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in these processes, suggesting that dysregulated MMP activity, probably due to imbalance with endogenous inhibitors, promotes complications of atherosclerosis. We report here that the serine proteinase inhibitor tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) can function as an MMP inhibitor. TFPI-2 diminished the ability of the interstitial collagenases MMP-1 and MMP-13 to degrade triple-helical collagen, the primary load-bearing molecule of the ECM within human atheroma. In addition, TFPI-2 also reduced the activity of the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. In contrast to the "classical" tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), TFPI-2 expression in situ correlated inversely with MMP levels in human atheroma. TFPI-2 colocalized primarily with smooth muscle cells in the normal media as well as the plaque's fibrous cap. Conversely, the macrophage-enriched shoulder region, the prototypical site of matrix degradation and plaque rupture, stained only weakly for TFPI-2 but intensely for gelatinases and interstitial collagenases. Evidently, human mononuclear phagocytes, an abundant source of MMPs within human atheroma, lost their ability to express this inhibitor during differentiation in vitro. These findings establish a new, anti-inflammatory function of TFPI-2 of potential pathophysiological significance for human diseases, including atherosclerosis.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediates oval cell response in rodents
Authors: Udayan Apte, Michael D. Thompson, Shanshan Cui, Bowen Liu, Benjamin Cieply, Satdarshan P. S. Monga
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Adult hepatic stem cells or oval cells are facultative stem cells in the liver that are activated during regeneration only during inhibition of innate hepatocyte proliferation. On the basis of its involvement in liver cancer, regeneration, and development, we investigated the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in oval cell response, which was initiated in male Fisher rats with 2-acetylaminofluorine and two-third partial hepatectomy (PHX). Extensive oval cell activation and proliferation were observed at 5 and 10 days post-PHX, as indicated by hematoxylin-eosin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen analysis. A noteworthy increase in total and active β-catenin was observed at this time, which was localized to the oval cell cytoplasm and nuclei by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by double immunofluorescence. A concomitant increase in Wnt-1 in hepatocytes along with increased expression of Frizzled-2 in oval cells was observed. This paracrine mechanism coincided with a decrease in Wnt inhibitory factor-1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β down-regulation leading to β-catenin stabilization. To strengthen its role, β-catenin conditional knockout mice were treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine to induce oval cell activation. A dramatic decrease in the A6-positive oval cell numbers in the absence of β-catenin demonstrated a critical role of β-catenin in oval cell biology. Conclusion: The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in the normal activation and proliferation of adult hepatic stem cells. (Hepatology 2007.)
Evaluation and Management of Motor Disturbance in Brain-Damaged Children
Authors: Phoebe Saturen
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Damage to the brain resulting from a variety of causes in prenatal and early neonatal life produces handicaps varying in degree from mild personality aberration to total physical and mental incapacity. Suspicion of brain damage is aroused when deviations from the normal progression of changing motor patterns are seen in the young infant. Specific abnormalities in motor function such as spasticity, athetosis, and ataxia may not be seen until the second year or later. A home program aimed at stimulation of motor activity and prevention of deformity can begin in early infancy even before the full extent of the child's handicap is known. When the child is more mature, a number of physical therapeutic techniques can be used in training.
Metastatic Carcinoma at the Site of Injection of Penicillin
Authors: T. S. Worthy, E. J. C. Wynne
Journal: BMJ (1960)

BRJOURNAL 2. The doses of cycloserine (0.5-1 g.) used in this investigation appeared to be inadequate to protect completely against the emergence of cultures with decreased sensitivity to ethionamide; and the dose of ethionamide (500 mg.) appeared insufficient completely to prevent decrease of pyrazinamide sensitivity.The patients all had advanced disease with tubercle bacilli persisting in the sputum after treatment for long periods with other drug combinations.About one-third of them have become sputum-negative on culture for at least one month.Some may relapse later; but these early good results, though admittedly few, suggest that further clinical investigation of ethionamide is desirable.
Food allergy–related quality of life after double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in adults, adolescents, and children
Authors: Jantina L. van der Velde, Bertine M.J. Flokstra-de Blok, Hans de Groot, Joanne N.G. Oude-Elberink, Marjan Kerkhof, Eric J. Duiverman, Anthony E.J. Dubois
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prevalence and Correlates of the Long-term Regular Use of Anxiolytics
Authors: Glen D. Mellinger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Long-term use of anxiolytics has been a cause for concern because of the possibility of dependency and other adverse consequences. In a nationally representative probability survey of adults conducted in 1979, we found that long-term use (defined as regular daily use for a year or longer) was relatively rare, occurring among 15% of all anxiolytic users—a rate of 1.6% of all adults between the ages of 18 and 79 years in the general population. The data indicate that long-term regular users tend to be older persons with high levels of emotional distress and chronic somatic health problems. They are preponderantly women, and many are sufficiently distressed to seek out other sources of help (mental health professionals and other psychotherapeutic medications) as well. The sizable majority of long-term users is being monitored by their physicians at reasonably frequent intervals. The data give little support to current stereotypes of long-term users and suggest, instead, that such use is associated with bona fide health problems that are being treated within the broader context of the health system. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:375-379)
Book Review Vascular Surgery. By John B. Kinmonth, M.B., M.S. (Lond.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.); Charles G. Rob, M.C., M.A., M.D., M.Chir. (Camb.), F.R.C.S. (Eng.); and Fiorindo A. Simeone, A.B., Sc.M., M.D., Sc.D. (Hon.). 8°, cloth, 7 + 501 pp., with many illustrations and tables. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1963. $19.00.
Authors: Chilton Crane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)
Clinical Significance of Thrombospondin 1 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ronnie T. Poon, Ka Kit Chung, Siu Tim Cheung, Cecilia P. Lau, See Wai Tong, Ka Ling Leung, Wan Ching Yu, George P. Tuszynski, Sheung Tat Fan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Thrombospondin 1 (THBS 1) is a matricellular protein capable of modulating angiogenesis. However, the actual role of THBS 1 in angiogenesis and tumor progression remains controversial. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular tumor characterized by neovascularization. The significance of THBS 1 in HCC remains unknown. In this study, the significance of THBS 1 in HCC was evaluated by correlating its expression with clinicopathological data. The possible role of THBS 1 in the angiogenesis of HCC was also studied by correlating its expression with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Experimental Design: Sixty HCC patients were recruited in this study. THBS 1 and VEGF protein expression in tumorous livers were localized by immunohistochemical staining and quantified by ELISA. THBS 1 mRNA was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: Immunohistochemical staining of THBS 1 was positive in HCC cells in 51.7% of patients and in stromal cells in 65% of patients. Tumor THBS 1 protein level was significantly correlated with its mRNA expression (P = 0.001) and was significantly correlated with tumor VEGF protein levels (P = 0.001). Its expression was significantly associated with the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.008) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.049). High THBS 1 expression was also a prognostic marker of poor survival in HCC patients. Conclusions: This study shows that high expression of THBS 1 is associated with tumor invasiveness and progression in HCC. THBS 1 appears to be a proangiogenic factor that stimulates angiogenesis in HCC in view of its positive correlation with VEGF expression.
816 THE TGF-β HIGH PRODUCER GENOTYPE IS ASSOCIATED WITH RESPONSE TO HCV-SPECIFIC THERAPY IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE HEPATITIS C
Authors: J. Nattermann, M. Vogel, H.D. Nischalke, M. Danta, G. Ahlenstiel, M. Michalk, T. Sauerbruch, J. Rockstroh, U. Spengler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Meeting Attendance Fees: Don't Sock the Physicians, Just Clobber the Lawyers
Authors: C. A. Riser
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — For years I have been seeing a price differential for medical meetings and other meetings to which physicians are invited. The physicians usually pay a higher price than other health professionals. I could understand the rationale for charging a student or resident a reduced fee but was recently awed by the cost differential for an environmental health conference in Houston, Tex. At this meeting, physicians and attorneys were charged $300 for a 2-day conference. Other health professionals were charged $150. "Government leaders" were charged only $50. I feel that we as physicians should not be willing to pay a premium or to subsidize nurses and government officials. (I would not be opposed, however, to charging attorneys twice as much.)
Owl??s Eye Appearance of a Thyroid Cyst
Authors: ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A scintigraphic “owl's eye” sign has been described in benign autonomous nodules and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. In this case, a thyroid cyst produced a striking “owl's eye” appearance on a Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan.
Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Presenting as a Single Focus of Radionuclide Accumulation in the Mandible on Bone and Gallium Images
Authors: LEO ACKERMAN, CESAR V. REYES, PARVEZ SHIRAZI, DAVID BUSHNELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A case of an asymptomatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate presenting as a solitary metastasis to the mandible is reported. The primary prostate tumor was suspected following biopsy of an asymptomatic lesion in the mandible, discovered by serendipity on the whole–body bone and gallium images.
On the Plasma Membrane of Some Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: CARL F. ROBINOW, John Marak
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The contents of bacterial cells can be reversibly pulled away. (plasmolyzed) from the wall by strong salt solutions. Bacterial "protoplasts"—living cells divested of their wall—shrink or swell with changing concentrations of solutes in their environment and burst when this concentration falls below a critical level. These observations have long suggested that the cytoplasm of bacteria is covered by a selectively permeable plasma membrane. In recent years electron microscopy has revealed the existence of a narrow profile at the surface of the cytoplasm of bacteria. In some bacteria, these profiles have the dimensions of sections of the "unit membrane" found in the interior and at the surface of plant and ainimal cells. In the place of a unit membrane, single tracks of densely stained granules are found in many bacteria. New electron micrographs confirm the observation of Young and Fitz-James (1959) that the first spore membrane is derived fromn an infolding of the plasma membrane of the mother bacterium. Illustrations are provided of the plasmna membrane of B. mycoides and of the yeast Lipomyces lipofer .
STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF OBSTETRIC CASES, IN PRIVATE COUNTRY PRACTICE
Authors: R. U. West
Journal: BMJ (1853)

In both these iinstances the labour was conleptced alinost imimedliately after the alterationi of posiLion.l'hey were botlh ciIvCersiBnfs of the worst formn of cranial position in1to the easiest iorm of face-position.Madame Boivin says: " Nous avons
P15 Identifying patients who receive chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer using large datasets
Authors: HA Powell, LJ Tata, RA Stanley, DR Baldwin, RB Hubbard
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) has collected data on primary lung cancer in England since 2004, and has now been linked with Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) for research into inequalities in access to treatment. How well these two large datasets capture chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is not known. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified all cases of SCLC in the NLCA diagnosed between January 2004 and March 2012. We calculated the proportion of patients with a HES code for chemotherapy, and the proportion with a start date for chemotherapy in the NLCA, within 6 months of diagnosis. We inspected survival curves for people with a chemotherapy record in HES only or the NLCA only, people who had records of chemotherapy in both databases (who we could be reasonably sure had chemotherapy), and those with no record of chemotherapy. We assessed whether the results changed over time as case ascertainment in the NLCA increased from 19% to 98% between 2004 and 2009. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 18,398 cases of histologically confirmed SCLC; 9,484 (52%) had chemotherapy records in both databases and 5,100 (28%) had no record of chemotherapy in either. 737 patients (4%) had chemotherapy recorded only in HES and 2,539 (14%) only in the NLCA. For people with a record of chemotherapy in a single database (NLCA only or HES only) survival was similar to that of people with records of chemotherapy in both datasets (Figure 1); the average age, stage and performance status was also very similar for people in these three groups. Survival patterns were the same when we analysed the data by year of diagnosis however the proportions with chemotherapy records in HES only or the NLCA only decreased to 3% and 12% respectively in 2011. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results suggest that it is best to identify people who received chemotherapy using data in the NLCA and HES combined. A record of chemotherapy in either database appears to be a valid means of determining who received chemotherapy but if a single database is used the proportion treated is likely to be an under-estimate.
OCT-Verified Peri-Strut Low-Intensity Areas and the Extent of Neointimal Formation After 3 Years Following Stent Implantation
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, Juan F. Granada, Jung-Sun Kim, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung Hyuk Choi, Armando Tellez, Krzysztof Milewski, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Analysis of Coronary Ultrasound Thrombolysis Endpoints in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ACUTE Trial)
Authors: Uri Rosenschein, Arie Roth, Tovy Rassin, Samuel Basan, Shlomo Laniado, Hylton I. Miller
Journal: Circulation (1997)

It has been demonstrated that therapeutic ultrasound effects ultrasound thrombolysis by selectively disrupting the fibrin matrix of the thrombus. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical feasibility of percutaneous transluminal coronary ultrasound thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Consecutive patients (n = 15) with evidence of anterior AMI and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 0 or 1 flow in the left anterior descending artery underwent coronary ultrasound thrombolysis. Angiographic follow-up was performed after 10 minutes and 12 to 24 hours. Ultrasound induced successful reperfusion (TIMI grade 3 flow) in 87% of the patients. Adjunct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after ultrasound thrombolysis produced a final residual stenosis of 20 +/- 12% as determined by quantitative coronary angiographic analysis. There were no adverse angiographic signs or clinical effects during the procedure. There was no change in the degree of flow in any of the patients at the 12- to 24-hour angiograms. During hospitalization, 1 patient had recurrent ischemia on the fifth day after the procedure, and emergent catheterization revealed occlusion at the treatment site. The patient was successfully treated with PTCA.These results suggest that ultrasound thrombolysis has the potential to be a safe and effective catheter-based therapeutic modality in reperfusion therapy for patients with AMI and other clinical conditions associated with intracoronary thrombosis.