tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an educational programme for socially deprived asthma patients
Authors: M.A. de Oliveira, S.M. Faresin, V.f Bruno, A.r de Bittencourt, A.L.G. Fernandes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma education programme in moderate and severe asthma patients in a longitudinal, prospective and randomized study with a control group. Fifty-three asthmatic patients were studied, 26 of whom were assigned to the educational group and 27 to the control group. The educational group attended the programme regularly for a period of 6 months. The programme included information about asthma, instruction on the appropriate use of medication and training in the metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique, and information about the identification and control of asthma attacks and the recognition of early signs of exacerbation. The control group was submitted to the routine care provided at the Asthma Clinic, with no formal instruction regarding asthma control. The groups were identical with regard to severity parameters, skills, lung function and quality of life at the beginning of the trial. At the end of the study, the education group showed significant differences when compared with the control group (education/control (mean values)) with respect to: visits to the asthma emergency room over the previous 6 months, 0.7/2 (p=0.03); nocturnal symptoms, 0.3/0.7 (p=0.04); score of symptoms, 1.3/2 (p=0.04). Improvements were also observed in skills and quality of life, knowledge of how to deal with attacks and how to control the environmental triggering factors, 73/35 (<0.05); correct use of the MDI, 8/4 (0.001); understanding of the difference between relief and anti-inflammatory medication, 86/20 (<0.05); and in the global limitation quality of life score, 28/50 (0.02). It is concluded that the educational programme led to a significant improvement in asthma morbidity and that the implantation of educational programmes is possible for special populations when these programmes are adapted to the socioeconomic profile of the patients, with a significant gain in terms of the reduction of symptoms and improved pulmonary function and quality of life of asthmatics.
Never Say Never in Medicine
Authors: Lois Jovanovic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

For over two decades I have religiously clung to the notion that maternal hyperglycemia is the root of all evil in pregnancies complicated by diabetes (1). To this end, I have valiantly waved the flag for universal screening for gestational diabetes (2), intensified glucose monitoring (3,4), and intensified insulin delivery for all women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (5). In addition, I championed absolute normalization of blood glucose to mimic the levels documented in a normal population of pregnant women, as recently reported by Parretti et al. (6). Despite the fact that I have been a coauthor on articles that suggest that normalization of blood glucose may be associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (7), I have tended to ignore or explain away this finding even when the evidence has been convincing. This old dog became an ostrich. Her head was in the sand despite examples of definitive studies that showed that there is an increased prevalence of small-for-dates (<10th percentile birth weight) infants in programs of “tight control.” The landmark article of Langer et al. (8) showed the relationship between optimal levels of glycemic control and perinatal outcome in a prospective study of 334 gestational diabetic women and 334 control subjects matched for obesity, race, and parity. Three groups were identified on the basis of mean blood glucose level throughout pregnancy (low, ≤86; mid, 87–104; and high, ≥105 mg/dl). The low group had a significantly higher prevalence of small-for-gestational-age infants (20%). In contrast, the prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants was 21-fold higher in the high mean blood glucose category than in the low mean blood glucose category (24 vs. 1.4%, P < 0.0001). In the control group, the overall prevalence was only 11% for small-for-gestational-age infants and only 12% for large-for-gestational-age infants. They concluded that a relationship …
Risk factors for salmonella infection: Loss of gastric acid linked to candidiasis
Authors: A J Larner, S Singh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

We wrote to the cookery editor of each publication asking whether it had a policy on publishing recipes that required raw or lightly cooked eggs; three responded.One admitted that the publication did not publish warnings but intended to introduce them in future for high risk groups.The second claimed that a caption was printed next to high risk recipes.The third said that the publica- tion printed a warning to vulnerable groups alongside recipes containing raw egg; we could find no such warning.Clearly, many editors still do not appreciate the risk of salmonella infection from eating raw eggs.There seems to be some misapprehension that only high risk groups such as very young or elderly people may be at risk.Many of the people affected in outbreaks in which raw egg has been implicated have been young, previously fit adults.Cookery writers are well placed to educate the public and to develop alternatives for recipes that require inadequately cooked eggs.Some alternatives, such as dried or pasteurised eggs, are not always easily available in retail outlets.If these products were widely promoted in recipes the increased demand would widen their availability and encourage safe cooking practices.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonitis
Authors: Walter T. Hughes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

During the past year, the number of deaths from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in the United States exceeded the combined number of deaths from meningococcal infections, all types of viral hepatitis and encephalitis, gonorrhea, syphilis, varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, amebiasis, shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, typhus fevers, cholera, rabies, brucellosis, anthrax, tularemia, botulism, and malaria. More patients died of P. carinii pneumonitis than of all types of tuberculosis. The rapidly escalating prevalence of this pneumonitis is due in great part to the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Also, because of advances in medical practice, the population of . . .
Retiring may predispose to fatal heart attack
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Clinicians have long suspected that retirement is detrimental to the health of some patients. Now, investigators at Harvard Medical School's Channing Laboratory in Boston suggest that it may lead to fatal coronary heart disease. Charles H. Hennekens, MD, and associates stumbled on this finding in the course of a study originally designed to test the hypothesis that coffee consumption is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Coffee drinkers, they found, were not at greater risk of dying of heart attacks, but retirees were. The team selected their subjects via a weekly review of death certificates for married white men, aged 30 to 70, in 1973 and 1974. All of the men had died of coronary heart disease within 24 hours after symptoms of it developed. They were matched by age (within one decade) and neighborhood of residence to an equal number of living control subjects chosen through systematic household
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Red Blood Cell Scintigraphy in a Patient With Aortic Stenosis: A Case of Heyde Syndrome
Authors: Patr??cia L. Corr??a, Renata C.M. Felix, Jader C. Azevedo, Paulo R.D. Silva, Amarino C. Oliveira, Denise Cortes, Hans F.R. Dohmann, Cl??udio T. Mesquita
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The authors report a case of small bowel bleeding diagnosed by Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy during the postoperative period after aortic valve replacement. There is a relationship between aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients, called Heyde syndrome. The described patient had chronic anemia that worsened after surgery. RBC scintigraphy localized the source of bleeding from jejunal angiodysplasia confirmed by mesenteric angiography. This case illustrates the diagnostic information provided by RBC scintigraphy in this syndrome.
Immunohistochemical characterization of the plasminogen activator system in psoriatic epidermis
Authors: H.M. GISSLER, R. FRANK, M.D. KRAMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The relative topographical distribution of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue‐type PA (tPA). PA‐inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1). PA‐inhibitor‐2 (PAI‐2), plasmin(ogen), α2‐antiplasmin, and α2‐macroglobulin was studied in lesional epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris, and in normal epidermis, by immunohistochemistry. In psoriatic epidermis, tPA predominated, although uPA was found in some biopsies. PAs were not detected in normal epidermis. PAI‐1 was not detected in normal epidermis and was only present in a proportion of biopsies of psoriatic lesions. PAI‐2 was found in normal and psoriatic epidermis. Plasmin(ogen) was confined to the basal cell layer of normal epidermis, whereas in lesional psoriatic skin it was scattered throughout the epidermis, α2‐antiplasmin and α2‐macroglobulin were not found in the epidermis of normal skin. In psoriatic epidermis α2‐antiplasmin was confined to the subcorneal layer, whereas staining for α2‐macroglobulin was found only in a proportion of biopsies, in the upper epidermis. Our immunohistological findings indicate that colocalization of tPA and its substrate plasminogen may allow efficient generation of plasmin, and that the focal absence of plasmin inhibitors may then favour the persistence of plasmin activity.
Is there an increased long-term risk of hypertension and renal impairment after Puumala virus-induced nephropathy?
Authors: B. Rippe
Journal: Kidney International (2006)

Nephropathia epidemica (NE) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, assumed to have a favorable prognosis. NE patients who manifested a higher glomerular filtration rate and mean systolic blood pressure, and more proteinuria, versus controls at 5 years of follow-up demonstrated no major abnormalities after 10 years. Antihypertensive treatment was, however, more common. Could NE predispose some patients to develop hypertension after all?
COMPLICATION OF BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE RESULTING FROM CHRONIC-MYELOGENOUS-LEUKÆMIA LEUCOCYTE TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: RobertG. Graw, Jacqueline Whang-Peng, Gerhard Krüger, C.Dean Buckner, BrigidG. Leventhal, Costan Berard, EdwardS. Henderson
Journal: The Lancet (1970)
Supporting victims of violent crime.
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1988)

may need extending to other types of violence, although we should not forget the difficulties commonly experienced in multiagency work.sWhat is needed above all is a sense of perspective and realism.Most physical harm is sustained through household accidents, industrial injuries, and road accidents.Violent crime is no more than 5% of all serious crime.That the recorded incidence of violence is on the increase may show not that society is falling apart but rather that we live in an increasingly orderly society that tolerates criminal injury far less than in the uncivilised past.
Intra-epidermal carcinoma of the eyelid margin
Authors: D.I. McCALLUM, P.D.C. KINMONT, D.WYNN WILLIAMS, R.E. COTTON, M.A. WROUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Intra‐epidermal carcinoma of the eyelid margin Get access D.I. McCALLUM, D.I. McCALLUM Combined Clinic, General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D.C. KINMONT, P.D.C. KINMONT Combined Clinic, General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.WYNN WILLIAMS, D.WYNN WILLIAMS Combined Clinic, General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.E. COTTON, R.E. COTTON Combined Clinic, General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. WROUGHTON M.A. WROUGHTON Combined Clinic, General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue 3, 1 September 1975, Pages 239–252, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06489.x Published: 01 September 1975
Effects of the Liability Climate on the Academic Health Center
Authors: David R. Challoner, Kerry E. Kilpatrick, J. Lee Dockery, Jeffrey W. Dwyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE purposes of the academic health center are to educate tomorrow's health professionals, conduct clinical and basic research, and provide patients with care at a level of technological sophistication usually unavailable in community-based institutions. This broad agenda makes the academic health center particularly vulnerable to potential litigation. As a practical matter, each function in the triad of education, research, and patient care is affected in an important way by today's professional and general liability crisis. This article describes the nature of institutional responses to the current liability climate in academic health centers.The segment of the health care system in . . .
GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR-15 LEVEL PREDICTS RECURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH AN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN MERLIN-TIMI 36
Authors: Erin Ann Bohula May, Marc Bonaca, Benjamin Scirica, Julia Kuder, Sabina Murphy, Petr Jarolim, Marc Sabatine, David Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IMPROVES MORTALITY IN CARDIAC ARREST FOLLOWING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A POPULATION BASED OUTCOMES STUDY OF 247,456 PATIENTS FROM THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE DATABASE (2001-2010)
Authors: Krishnaraj Mahendraraj, Christine Lau, Ronald Chamberlain
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Safety of 15-deoxyspergualin in the treatment of glomerulonephritis associated with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: H-M Lorenz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Arginase I is a marker of murine M2 macrophages and is highly expressed in many inflammatory diseases. The basis for high arginase I expression in macrophages in vivo is incompletely understood but likely reflects integrated responses to combinations of stimuli. Our objective was to elucidate mechanisms involved in modulating arginase I induction by IL-4, the prototypical activator of M2 macrophages. IL-4 and 8-bromo-cAMP individually induce arginase I, but together they rapidly and synergistically induce arginase I mRNA, protein, and promoter activity in murine macrophage cells. Arginase I induction by IL-4 requires binding of the transcription factors STAT6 and C/EBPβ to the IL-4 response element of the arginase I gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that the synergistic response involves binding of both transcription factors to the IL-4 response element at levels significantly greater than in response to IL-4 alone. The results suggest that C/EBPβ is a limiting factor for the level of STAT6 bound to the IL-4 response element. The enhanced binding in the synergistic response was not due to increased expression of either STAT6 or C/EBPβ but was correlated primarily with increased nuclear abundance of C/EBPβ. Our findings also suggest that induction of arginase I expression is stochastic; that is, differences in induction reflect differences in probability of transcriptional activation and not simply differences in rate of transcription. Results of the present study also may be useful for understanding mechanisms underlying regulated expression of other genes in macrophages and other myeloid-derived cells in health and disease.
Increased frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltrating an Epstein-Barr virus–associated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Kiyotaka Kuzushima, Shigeo Nakamura, Tsuneya Nakamura, Yoshitaka Yamamura, Naoaki Yokoyama, Masatoshi Fujita, Tohru Kiyono, Tatsuya Tsurumi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Gastric adenocarcinomas carrying Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are known to be accompanied by massive lymphocyte infiltration. To characterize the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we isolated and cultured such cells from a surgically resected EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. They were found to be positive for CD3, CD8, T-cell receptor beta chain, and cytotoxic molecules. The isolated TILs consisted of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which killed autologous EBV-transformed cells (but not phytohemagglutinin blast cells) and recognized HLA-A24 as restriction molecules. However, the TILs did not recognize known EBV antigenic peptides presented by HLA-A24 molecules, nor HLA-A24(+) fibroblasts infected with vaccinia recombinant virus expressing each of the EBV latent proteins. EBV(+) gastric carcinomas do not express conventional target proteins of EBV-specific CTLs, and the data suggest that some cellular proteins may be involved in the strong T-cell response to EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. In addition, our data suggest that class I-restricted, antigen-specific CD8(+) CTLs are specifically expanded within EBV(+) gastric carcinoma tissue.
Dextroamphetamine with Morphine for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain
Authors: William H. Forrest, Byron Wm. Brown, Colin R. Brown, Raymond Defalque, Martin Gold, H. Earl Gordon, Kenneth E. James, Jordan Katz, Donald L. Mahler, Phyllis Schroff, Grete Teutsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In a double-blind, single-dose study, dextroamphetamine combined with morphine was compared with morphine alone to determine the relative efficacy of the combination given intramuscularly for postoperative pain. Each of 450 patients received one treatment of morphine sulfate (3, 6 or 12 mg) with dextroamphetamine (0, 5 or 10 mg). Analgesia, as measured by the patients' subjective responses to questions about relief of pain, was augmented when dextroamphetamine was given with morphine; the combination of dextroamphetamine, 10 mg, with morphine was twice as potent as morphine alone, and the combination with 5 mg was 1 1/2 times as potent as morphine. In simple performance tests, and in measures of side effects, dextroamphetamine generally offset undesirable effects of morphine (sedation and loss of alertness) while increasing analgesia. Effects on blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate were minimal.
Prevalence of Allergy and Anaphylaxis in 210 Patients with Mastocytosis. A Study From The Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA)
Authors: D. González de Olano, M.B. de la Hoz Caballer, R. Nuñez López, L. Sánchez Muñoz, M. Cuevas Agustín, M. Dieguez, M. Castells, L. Escribano Mora
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Normal sexual response.
Authors: R W Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In each sex the physiological response to sexual stimulation may be divided into four phases-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. There are innumerable variations in both sexes, usually appertaining to the length of time occupied by the different phases. Here the difference between male and female response is most significant and of greatest clinical importance. The response in the male is characterized by a refractory period immediately after orgasm, during which further stimulation produces no reaction. No similar refractory period is seen in the female.
HEREDITARY OSTEOPETROSIS OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The manifestations and course of an hereditary disease of the rabbit are reported. The condition is present at birth and is invariably fatal, generally in the 4th and 5th weeks of age. Retardation and eventual cessation of growth with marked reduction in size are conspicuous characteristic symptoms. The condition, which first occurred in the backcross progeny of a pure bred Dutch male rabbit, is inherited. It is determined by the expression of a simple recessive unit factor, affected individuals being homozygous for the factor. Rabbits heterozygous for the factor are identified only by appropriate breeding tests. The condition is not sex-linked. The disease has a remarkable resemblance to osteopetrosis or marble bone disease of infants and children with respect to signs and general course and also, as may be stated in anticipation of later discussions (5, 6), to the characteristic abnormal condition of the skeleton.
Comparison between Alpha and Silver Sulfadiazine ointments in treatment of Pseudomonas infections in 3rd degree burns
Authors: Seyed V. Hosseini, Nader Tanideh, Jamshid Kohanteb, Zahra Ghodrati, Davood Mehrabani, Hooman Yarmohammadi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2006)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Alpha ointment in the treatment of burn wounds and compare its results with silver sulfadiazine (SS). Similar burn ulcers were produced on anterior surface of thigh of 60 rats. The wounds were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and dressing and debridement was performed daily. The first group of rats received topical SS, the second group received Alpha ointment and the third (control group) received no medication. Wound healing, contraction, culture, and scar formation were evaluated at the end of the second and 10th week. Alpha ointment was equally effective as SS, considering wound healing and contraction. Wound infection was significantly less common in Alpha ointment group compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). Alpha ointment is a less expensive drug with an acceptable result compared to SS. Therefore, we recommend it as an alternative to SS, especially in patients with low economical backgrounds or in those who show adverse reactions to SS.
Predicting the “strugglers”: a case-control study of students at Nottingham University Medical School
Authors: Janet Yates, David James
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To identify potential predictors of undergraduate students who struggle during their medical training. <b>Design</b> Case-control study. Cases were students who had experienced academic or personal difficulties that affected their progression on the course ("strugglers"). Controls were selected at random from the corresponding year cohorts, using a ratio of four controls for each struggler. <b>Setting</b> University of Nottingham Medical School. <b>Participants</b> Students who entered the course over five consecutive years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Likelihood ratios for independent risk factors for struggling on the course <b>Results</b> 10-15% of each year9s student intake were identified as strugglers. Significant independent predictors of students being in this category were negative comments in the academic reference (likelihood ratio 2.25, 95% confidence intervals 1.44 to 3.50), lower mean examination grade at A level (2.19, 1.37 to 3.51), and the late offer of a place (1.98, 1.19 to 3.30). Male sex was a less significant risk factor (1.70, 1.09 to 2.65) as was a lower grade at GCSE science (2.13, 1.12 to 4.05). In UK students whose ethnicity was known, not being white was a significant predictor of struggling (2.77, 1.52 to 5.05) but the presence of negative comments was not. Age at entry to the course and the possession of a previous degree were not predictive. <b>Conclusions</b> Our results support retention of existing selection practices relating to academic achievement and critical review of students9 references. We plan to undertake further investigation of the reasons why some students, including men, those with late offers and those from ethnic minority backgrounds, may do less well on the Nottingham course.