tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of Studies on Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy After Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Richard V. Ebert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964A Critical Review of Studies on Long-term Anticoagulant Therapy After Myocardial Infarction.Richard V. Ebert, M.D.Richard V. Ebert, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-709_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA large number of studies have been published on the efficacy of long term anticoagulant therapy in the management of patients recovered from a myocardial infarct. Many of these studies have been criticized because of the lack of comparability of the treated and control groups. The fundamentaal problem in studies of this type is the selection of a treated and control group in such a manner that bias is avoided and that the groups are similar in composition.Four studies will be discussed. These are the studies of the Veterans Administration, the British Medical Research Council, Bjerkelund, and Hilden. In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 709-709KeywordsAnticoagulant therapyMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
CALCIFICATION OF THE ASCENDING AND DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA IDENTIFIES TWO DISTINCT PHENOTYPES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Timothy Churchill, Hashmi Rafeek, Suraj Rasania, Claire Mulvey, Victor Ferrari, Saurabh Jha, Karen Terembula, Scott Lilly, Luis Eraso, Muredach Reilly, Atif Qasim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Psychiatric Treatment for Geriatric Patients: "Pub" or Drug?
Authors: CHING-PIAO CHIEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Forty patients on a geriatric ward were divided into four groups. Three groups received a beverage (beer, fruit punch, or fruit punch with thioridazine) in a pub setup in the hospital; the fourth group received thioridazine on the ward. The group that received beer sociotherapy showed the greatest improvement and had the best attendance and greatest social interaction in the pub. Both groups that received thioridazine showed improvement, but not as much as the first group. The group that received only punch in the pub showed the least change. In view of these findings, the author believes beer sociotherapy deserves a place in the practical treatment of geriatric mental patients.
Mutations in the human ortholog of Aristaless cause X-linked mental retardation and epilepsy
Authors: Petter Strømme, Marie E. Mangelsdorf, Marie A. Shaw, Karen M. Lower, Suzanne M.E. Lewis, Helene Bruyere, Viggo Lütcherath, Ági K. Gedeon, Robyn H. Wallace, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Gillian Turner, Michael Partington, Suzanna G.M. Frints, Jean Pierre Fryns, Grant R. Sutherland, John C. Mulley, Jozef Gécz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Prospective Study of the Association Between the Proline to Alanine Codon 12 Polymorphism in the <i>PPAR</i>γ Gene and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Asli Memisoglu, Frank B. Hu, Susan E. Hankinson, Simin Liu, James B. Meigs, David M. Altshuler, David J. Hunter, JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ gene was associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in the Nurses’ Health Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study was a nested case-control study of 387 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 771 matching control subjects nested within the Nurses’ Health Study, a prospective cohort study. Association between PPARγ genotype and incident type 2 diabetes was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS—Carriers of the PPARγ variant 12Ala allele had reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with noncarriers. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of type 2 diabetes were 0.74 (95% CI 0.55–1.00) and 0.72 (0.52–0.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS—The results of this study provide further support for an inverse association between the PPARγ variant 12Ala allele and risk of type 2 diabetes.
Global triage of global resources needed
Authors: Daniel J Barnett, Saad B Omer, David P Fidler, Ran D Balicer, James G Hodge
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Planning for triage of scarce resources in the face of a flu pandemic is not simply an abstract moral dilemma1: it remains unsolved at the highest levels of international planning. Europe remains two to three years away from a state of preparedness for a flu pandemic.2 Previous modelling has shown that a massive and focused use of antivirals and vaccines …
9-Cis Retinoic Acid Promotes Lymphangiogenesis and Enhances Lymphatic Vessel Regeneration
Authors: Inho Choi, Sunju Lee, Hee Kyoung Chung, Yong Suk Lee, Kyu Eui Kim, Dongwon Choi, Eun Kyung Park, Dongyun Yang, Tatiana Ecoiffier, John Monahan, Wen Chen, Berenice Aguilar, Ha Neul Lee, Jaehyuk Yoo, Chester J. Koh, Lu Chen, Alex K. Wong, Young-Kwon Hong
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The lymphatic system plays a key role in tissue fluid homeostasis and lymphatic dysfunction caused by genetic defects, or lymphatic vessel obstruction can cause lymphedema, disfiguring tissue swelling often associated with fibrosis and recurrent infections with no available cures to date. In this study, retinoic acids (RAs) were determined to be a potent therapeutic agent that is immediately applicable to reduce secondary lymphedema.We report that RAs promote proliferation, migration, and tube formation of cultured lymphatic endothelial cells by activating fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling. Moreover, RAs control the expression of cell-cycle checkpoint regulators such as p27(Kip1), p57(Kip2), and the aurora kinases through both an Akt-mediated nongenomic action and a transcription-dependent genomic action that is mediated by Prox1, a master regulator of lymphatic development. Moreover, 9-cisRA was found to activate in vivo lymphangiogenesis in animals in mouse trachea, Matrigel plug, and cornea pocket assays. Finally, we demonstrate that 9-cisRA can provide a strong therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating experimental mouse tail lymphedema by enhancing lymphatic vessel regeneration.These in vitro and animal studies demonstrate that 9-cisRA potently activates lymphangiogenesis and promotes lymphatic regeneration in an experimental lymphedema model, presenting it as a promising novel therapeutic agent to treat human lymphedema patients.
The diurnal rhythm of bone resorption in the rat. Effect of feeding habits and pharmacological inhibitors.
Authors: R C Mühlbauer, H Fleisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Prevention of low bone mass is important to reducing the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. This paper shows that, in rats, bone mass can be increased by feeding habits per se. Using six-hourly urinary excretion of [3H]tetracycline from prelabeled rats to monitor bone resorption, we previously found a peak of bone resorption following food administration. We now demonstrate that dividing the solid and liquid intake into portions blunts this peak and leads to a decrease in 24-h bone resorption to the level observed in thyroparathyroidectomized animals. Calcium balance increases and, when such feeding schedules are imposed for 30 d, bone mass increases. Dividing the intake is not effective in thyroparathyroidectomized animals, indicating the importance of PTH and/or calcitonin. Administration of calcitonin inhibits practically only the peak of bone resorption, suggesting that it is osteoclast mediated. In contrast, treatment with a bisphosphonate reduces basal bone resorption without a specific effect on the peak, indicating a fundamentally different mechanism of action. This is also supported by the finding that their combined effects are additive. Whether bone mass in humans is also under the control of dietary habits is not known. If so, an increased meal frequency may be used to prevent osteoporosis.
Nasal reconstruction with the cheek island pedicle flap
Authors: Scott W Fosko, Leonard M Dzubow
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

Reconstruction of the lower third of the nose can be challenging. Maintaining the nasal subunit symmetry and providing good tissue match with regard to color, sebaceous quality, and thickness is essential. For extensive defects in this area, paramedian forehead flaps are often considered.Our purpose was to develop the technique of preparing and executing the cheek island pedicle flap, as well as to define the limitations and "pitfalls" of the flap.The cheek island pedicle flap is described.The cheek island pedicle flap can provide excellent cosmetic results in reconstructing defects of the lower third of the nose. The flap dynamics are predictable, and anticipated complications are described.The cheek island pedicle flap provides an excellent alternative to the paramedian forehead flap for reconstruction of extensive defects of the lower third of the nose.
LIVER TREATMENT IN THE PERNICIOUS ANEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: REUBEN PETERSON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In this communication we shall deal with that form of anemia occurring during pregnancy or the puerperium not due to hemorrhage or directly related to infection but apparently, in part at least, dependent on the pregnancy itself. The condition has frequently been termed the pernicious or the hemolytic anemia of pregnancy. Esch<sup>1</sup>and Larrabee<sup>2</sup>have pointed out that two distinct types of anemia occur in association with pregnancy. In some there is a low color index and the blood picture of a secondary anemia. These cases have a good prognosis. The majority of reported cases, including those here under discussion, afford justification for the names given the condition by their close resemblance to primary pernicious anemia, and seem to form a distinct group. The anemia is severe, often fatal. The color index is high. There is a high grade poikilocytosis and anisocytosis with megalocytes and frequently megaloblasts. The
Bring ART into the ACT
Authors: Stephen Grossberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

ACT is compared with a particular type of connectionist model that cannot handle symbols and use nonbiological operations which do not learn in real time. This focus continues an unfortunate trend of straw man debates in cognitive science. Adaptive Resonance Theory, or ART-neural models of cognition can handle both symbols and subsymbolic representations, and meet the Newell criteria at least as well as connectionist models.
PWE-080 Impact of promoting fast-track colorectal services to the general public: Abstract PWE-080 Table 1
Authors: G D Corbett, K Prosser, Z Rehmann, K Schaitel, J Zhang, J C Lee, K Goodwin, K Sloan, S Wilkinson, N Hall, E Cameron
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy and the second highest cause of cancer death.<sup>1</sup> In early 2011 the East of England region was targeted by the Department of Health with a promotional campaign regarding the symptoms of bowel cancer. This advertising campaign increased the demand on the suspected colorectal cancer service in the months that followed. We examined the impact of the increase in referral numbers on the number of cancers and advanced adenomas detected. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients who attended the nurse led fast-track suspected colorectal cancer clinic from 1 February to 31 August 2010 and 1 February to 31 August 2011 were identified. Each patient9s electronic medical record was examined in detail, in particular for diagnosis of polyps and cancer. The results were statistically analysed using either a Fisher9s exact test or Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1517 patients attended the clinic during the time periods studied (Abstract PWE-080 table 1). 36.7% more patients were seen in 2011 compared with 2010 (876 vs 641). The groups were matched for age (p=0.49), however more males were seen in 2011 (p=0.028). A total of 143 cancers were detected, 115 (7.6%) of which were colorectal cancers. There was no significant increase in colorectal cancers diagnosed in 2011 compared to 2010 (61 vs 54, p=0.33) nor was there a statistically significant difference in Dukes9 stage between the 2 time periods and no significant difference in the number of polyps or advanced adenomas detected in 2010 and 2011 (p=0.78 and p=0.61 respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The promotional campaign resulted in a 37% increase in referrals to the colorectal fast-track clinic between 2010 and 2011. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of cancer diagnoses, however an extra 235 referrals in 2011 yielded only seven extra colorectal cancer diagnoses The campaign has been considered a success by the Department of Health and is due to roll out nationally in 2012. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Cancer Research UK</b>. <i>UK Bowel Cancer Statistics</i>. 2009.
Starlink corn: a risk analysis.
Authors: Luca Bucchini, Lynn R Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Modern biotechnology has dramatically increased our ability to alter the agronomic traits of plants. Among the novel traits that biotechnology has made available, an important group includes Bacillus thuringiensis-derived insect resistance. This technology has been applied to potatoes, cotton, and corn. Benefits of Bt crops, and biotechnology generally, can be realized only if risks are assessed and managed properly. The case of Starlink corn, a plant modified with a gene that encodes the Bt protein Cry9c, was a severe test of U.S. regulatory agencies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had restricted its use to animal feed due to concern about the potential for allergenicity. However, Starlink corn was later found throughout the human food supply, resulting in food recalls by the Food and Drug Administration and significant disruption of the food supply. Here we examine the regulatory history of Starlink, the assessment framework employed by the U.S. government, assumptions and information gaps, and the key elements of government efforts to manage the product. We explore the impacts on regulations, science, and society and conclude that only significant advances in our understanding of food allergies and improvements in monitoring and enforcement will avoid similar events in the future. Specifically, we need to develop a stronger fundamental basis for predicting allergic sensitization and reactions if novel proteins are to be introduced in this fashion. Mechanisms are needed to assure that worker and community aeroallergen risks are considered. Requirements are needed for the development of valid assays so that enforcement and post market surveillance activities can be conducted.
Acquired Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa
Authors: Gerard Lorette, Annabel Maruani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 68-year-old woman requested medical attention for a sudden increase in hair growth that she had noticed 11 months earlier. She had lost more than 30 kg during this same period. Physical examination revealed fine lanugo hair all over her face (Panel A) and body (Panel B) and a deeply furrowed tongue, which caused a burning sensation. A diagnosis of acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa was made. The results of laboratory investigations, including measurements of hormonal factors, were normal except for an increased serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen. Advanced rectal adenocarcinoma was found, without metastasis. The patient underwent radiotherapy (a total of . . .
Variations in collecting data on central line infections make comparison of hospitals impossible, say researchers
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers have found huge variability in the way English hospitals collect, record, and report rates of central line infections in seriously ill patients.

They say their findings “sound a warning” about the NHS’s ability to measure safety in healthcare and compare hospitals’ performance on infections accurately.

But they have ruled out “gaming,” or manipulation of data by doctors, as a cause of the differences.

Elaine Maxwell, assistant director of The Health Foundation, which funded the study,1 said that adverse events such as infections were increasingly being used in performance management.

“This study demonstrates that accurate data collection is more complex than may have at first been imagined,” she said.

As well as being used to deliver treatments, central lines provide a route through …
Evaluation of the elasticity and characteristic impedance of the ascending aorta in man
Authors: J. P. MERILLON, G. MOTTE, J. FRUCHAUD, C. MASQUET, R. GOURGON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

In 30 patients, simultaneous measurements of ascending aortic pressure and diameter were performed, allowing one to evaluate: (1) the influence of age, the aortic diastolic pressure, and the radius on the aortic elasticity; (2) the correlations between characteristics impedance of the aorta (Zo), systemic arterial resistance, age and diastolic aortic pressure; and (3) the importance of Zo when comparing two indices of left ventricle performance; one during isovolumic phase ([dP/dt]/Pt)max and the other during the outflow phase (maximum acceleration of aortic blood flow).
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOPHAGE OF D'HERELLE
Authors: Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner, Charles Korb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Addition of neutral salts to the lytic filtrate results in an increased rate of inactivation of the latter when alcohol is added to it. This effect of salts is the more marked the higher the valency of the cation. Conversely, removal by dialysis of salts originally present in the lytic filtrate tends to render lytic agent less sensitive to alcohol. Restitution of the original salt content to the dialyzed filtrate tends to bring the sensitiveness to alcohol in the dialyzed filtrate to the level of the non-dialyzed control. It appears, therefore, that inactivation of the lytic agent by alcohol depends directly on the rate of precipitation of the coagulable constituents of the medium, and is not the result of a direct toxic action of alcohol on "bacteriophagum intestinale." Considered in association with our earlier findings, these results speak in favor of the chemical nature of the agent of transmissible lysis.
A mutation of the drosophila sodium pump α subunit gene results in bang-sensitive paralysis
Authors: Margrit Schubiger, Yuanyi Feng, Douglas M. Fambrough, John Palka
Journal: Neuron (1994)

A bang-sensitive enhancer trap line was isolated in a behavioral screen. The flies show a weak bang-sensitive paralysis, recovering after about 7 s. The P element insert is localized at 93B1-2 on the salivary chromosomes, the site of the (Na+,K+)ATPase alpha subunit gene. Molecular characterization demonstrates that the transposon is inserted into the first intron of this gene. This insertion leads to normal-sized transcripts, but reduced levels of expression. This change is also reflected in lower amounts of a normal-sized alpha subunit protein. Mutant flies show a much greater sensitivity to ouabain, likewise indicating, on a functional level, a reduction in Na+ pump activity. Furthermore, the bang-sensitive behavior can also be mimicked by injecting sublethal doses of ouabain into wild-type flies. The molecular and functional evidence indicates that the insertion has produced a hypomorphic mutation of the (Na+,K+)ATPase alpha subunit gene, opening the way to future studies of the regulation of the Na+ pump.
Interleukin 10 suppresses experimental chronic, granulomatous inflammation induced by bacterial cell wall polymers.
Authors: H H Herfarth, S P Mohanty, H C Rath, S Tonkonogy, R B Sartor
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interleukin 10 (IL10) inhibits monocyte/macrophage and T lymphocyte effector functions. This study examined the effect of systemically administered IL10 on acute and chronic granulomatous enterocolitis, hepatitis, and arthritis in a rat model. METHODS: Lewis rats were injected intramurally with streptococcal peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-APS) polymers. Beginning 12 hours before PG-APS injection, rats were treated daily with subcutaneous murine recombinant IL10 or vehicle for three or 17 days. RESULTS: IL10 attenuated acute enterocolitis in a dose dependent fashion (p &lt; 0.01). Protective effects were more profound in the chronic granulomatous phase with decreased enterocolitis and markedly inhibited leucocytosis, hepatic granulomas, and chronic erosive arthritis (p &lt; 0.001). IL10 downregulated tissue IL1, IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma gene expression, consistent with the in vitro effects of IL10 on PG-APS-stimulated splenocytes. Caecal IL1 protein concentrations and IL2 and interferon gamma secretion by in vitro stimulated mesenteric lymph nodes were downregulated in IL10 treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that exogenous IL10 can inhibit experimental granulomatous inflammatory responses and suggest that IL10 treatment could be an effective new therapeutic approach in human disorders such as Crohn9s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis.
Urinary Complications Following Bunamiodyl
Authors: James A. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Many reports have appeared in the literature recently evaluating bunamiodyl (Orabilex) for use in cholecystography.<sup>1-7</sup>These have stressed the good degree of opacification, frequency of duct visualization, decrease in opacified intestinal residue, and decrease in side effects, especially diarrhea and dysuria, when compared to other cholecystographic agents, particularly iopanoic acid (Telepaque). Approximately 593 patients have received bunamiodyl at Blodgett Memorial Hospital with findings as noted above, except for the side effects concerning the urinary tract. Six of these patients developed signs and symptoms of renal dysfunction varying from slight dysuria with elevated blood urea nitrogen levels to oliguria and death. While multiple factors may be implicated in the failure of a complex situation such as renal function, the common ingestion of bunamiodyl makes review of these cases pertinent. Bunamiodyl is a sodium salt of a tri-iodinated organic compound which contains 57% iodine by weight. It is ordinarily given in
Causes, Consequences, and Treatment of Inflammation of the Veins: With Experiments on the Mixture of Foreign Matter with the Blood
Authors: H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1850)

PART I. I. JoHN HuxTE expressed his belief that the blood has " the power of action within itself ",I and that when it coagulates, it does so in con- sequence of an " impression" which it receives.Such an impression may be communicated by separation from the living vessels, or from "cessation of natural'action"' in them.In certain circumstances also the living vessels themselves may be the means of exciting coagulation.3
On Authorship and Acknowledgments
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

LARGE clinical trials from multiple institutions now involve dozens and sometimes hundreds of people in their conception, design, implementation, analysis, and preparation of reports for publication. Increasingly, we have become concerned about two interrelated aspects of many reports of multicenter studies: ambiguous authorship and lengthy acknowledgments.Clear specification of authors is essential so that any substantive questions about a submitted or published study can be resolved. Authorship has been defined in many ways, but most of the definitions have in common a requirement that authors have sufficient intellectual involvement with the overall study to be able to take responsibility for . . .