tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular and Renal Toxicity of a Nonionic Radiographic Contrast Agent after Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Charles J. Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the incidence of cardiovascular and renal toxicity of a nonionic contrast agent when used for cardiac catheterization, and to assess the value of electrolytes and urinalysis results as predictors of nephropathy induced by a contrast agent. Study Design: Nonrandomized trial using a criterion standard and a cohort analytic study with a 48-hour follow-up. Setting: Referral-based university hospital. Patients: Convenience sample of patients having diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Renal function and clinical status were evaluated at baseline in 1144 patients; at 24 hours in 1077 (94%); and at 48 hours in 663 (57%). Interventions: After patients received saline for hydration, coronary angiography and left ventriculography were done with iopamidol (average dose, 203 ± 56 cc). Measurements and Main Results: The definite and possible incidence of major acute cardiovascular complications from nonionic contrast media was 0.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The mean serum creatinine level increased 11.5 μ/L from baseline at 24 hours (P < 0.0001) nd 16.8 μ/L from baseline at 48 hours (P < 0.0001). Results in a randomly selected training sample were studied to determine predictors of a rise in serum creatinine of 44.2 μ.mol/L or more. The baseline serum creatinine level and age were significant predictors of renal injury, but hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, vascular disease, the volume of contrast agent injected or baseline values of urinary variables did not predict nephrotoxicity. In an independent validation sample, only the baseline serum creatinine level was confirmed as a predictor of nephrotoxicity, whereas age was not. A model that predicted contrast-induced nephropathy by the serum creatinine level showed an exponential increase in the risk for nephrotoxicity if the baseline level was 106.1 μmol/L or higher. Conclusions: Patients have a small but significant rise in serum creatinine after cardiac catheterization with a nonionic contrast agent. Baseline renal insufficiency is the only confirmed predictor of nonionic contrast-induced nephrotoxicity.
Clinical characteristics of chemical sensitivity: an illustrative case history of asthma and MCS.
Authors: G H Ross
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

A case history of the induction of asthma and chemical sensitivity in a 42-year-old registered nurse illustrates several of the characteristic features of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). This patient's problems started shortly after moving into a new home under construction, with associated chemical exposures. Other MCS patients report the onset of the condition with other chemical exposures such as those encountered at their places of work or use of pesticides at their residences. Patients often describe a spreading phenomenon of increasing intolerance to commonly encountered chemicals at concentrations well tolerated by other people. Symptoms usually wax and wane with exposures, and are more likely to occur in patients or families with preexisting histories of migraine or with classical allergies. Idiosyncratic medication reactions (especially to preservative chemicals) are common in MCS patients, as are dysautonomia symptoms (such as vascular instability) and poor temperature regulation. Myalgia and joint pains and food intolerance are common features as well. Contamination with xenobiotic chemicals is frequently found in these patients when they are tested. Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome is a recently identified condition that exhibits features of both asthma and chemical sensitivity. MCS patients frequently have patterns of neurotoxic brain metabolism that can be confirmed on single photo emission computed tomography imaging.
Dopamine dysregulation in a mouse model of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Authors: Hsien-yang Lee, Junko Nakayama, Ying Xu, Xueliang Fan, Maha Karouani, Yiguo Shen, Emmanuel N. Pothos, Ellen J. Hess, Ying-Hui Fu, Robert H. Edwards, Louis J. Ptácek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is an autosomal dominant episodic movement disorder. Patients have episodes that last 1 to 4 hours and are precipitated by alcohol, coffee, and stress. Previous research has shown that mutations in an uncharacterized gene on chromosome 2q33-q35 (which is termed PNKD) are responsible for PNKD. Here, we report the generation of antibodies specific for the PNKD protein and show that it is widely expressed in the mouse brain, exclusively in neurons. One PNKD isoform is a membrane-associated protein. Transgenic mice carrying mutations in the mouse Pnkd locus equivalent to those found in patients with PNKD recapitulated the human PNKD phenotype. Staining for c-fos demonstrated that administration of alcohol or caffeine induced neuronal activity in the basal ganglia in these mice. They also showed nigrostriatal neurotransmission deficits that were manifested by reduced extracellular dopamine levels in the striatum and a proportional increase of dopamine release in response to caffeine and ethanol treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that the PNKD protein functions to modulate striatal neuro-transmitter release in response to stress and other precipitating factors.
Neuropilin-2 gene expression correlates with malignant progression in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: M. Rossi, J. Tuck, O.-J. Kim, I. Panova, J.T. Symanowski, M. Mahalingam, A.I. Riker, R.M. Alani, B. Ryu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

It is currently not possible to predict the metastatic potential of early-stage melanoma lesions by histological examination alone; however, a significant number of thin melanomas will progress over time to advanced disease. Molecular biomarkers that could identify patients with melanoma at high risk at the time of original diagnosis would contribute significantly to improved patient outcomes and increased survival. Neuropilin-2 (NRP2), a cell surface receptor involved in tumour-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, has recently been shown to be expressed in melanoma.To evaluate the potential value of NRP2 gene transcript levels as biomarkers for malignant melanoma progression.We measured NRP2 gene expression in a panel of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens consisting of naevi, primary melanomas and metastatic melanomas using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique.NRP2 levels are clearly segregated among the groups of naevi, primary and metastatic melanoma samples with a statistical trend towards increasing NRP2 gene expression correlating with disease progression. Logistic regression analysis reveals that the probability of malignant progression increases with elevated levels of NRP2 (odds ratio of 2·60 with confidence interval 1·29-5·21). Within the group of primary melanomas, there is a positive correlation (r = 0·823) between NRP2 expression and Breslow depth. This correlation was validated in an independent sample set of patients with melanoma.This preliminary study strongly supports the significance of NRP2 as a useful biomarker for malignant progression of melanoma, which may be useful for early identification of patients with melanoma at high risk.
Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses in psoriasis: chemotaxis and degranulation
Authors: W.C. PREISSNER, J.-M. SCHRODER, E. CHRISTOPHERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Chemotactic activities of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were determined in twenty patients with psoriasis and twenty healthy control persons. After serial dilution of the complement split product C5a and the formylated tripeptide f‐met‐Ieu‐phe (FMLP), chemotaxis profiles showed that PMN migration toward both chemotaxins was significantly increased in psoriasis. In addition, PMN from psoriatic patients responded to chemotaxins at much lower concentrations compared with controls. The liberation of (lysosomal) β‐glucuronidase was also determined in cytochalasin B‐treated cells confronted with increased concentrations of the chemotaxins. Secretion of this marker enzyme started at lower concentrations in PMN derived from psoriatic patients. Our observations demonstrate migratory and secretory hyper‐responsiveness of PMN from psoriatic patients. This may play a role in perpetuating the psoriatic tissue reaction.
DO SUBSTANCES INHIBITING TUMOR GROWTH EXERT A RETARDING INFLUENCE ON THE REGENERATION OF THE SKIN?
Authors: William E. Leighton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Repeated injections of colloidal copper, hirudin, nucleoprotein, and casein, which have a definite retarding influence on tumor growth, given to mice during the process of wound healing do not produce any noticeable influence on the course of regeneration.
Cognitive Resilience to Apolipoprotein E ε4
Authors: Allison R. Kaup, Jasmine Nettiksimmons, Tamara B. Harris, Kaycee M. Sink, Suzanne Satterfield, Andrea L. Metti, Hilsa N. Ayonayon, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is an established risk factor for cognitive decline and the development of dementia, but other factors may help to minimize its effects.Using APOE ε4 as an indicator of high risk, we investigated factors associated with cognitive resilience among black and white older adults who are APOE ε4 carriers.Participants included 2487 community-dwelling older (aged 69-80 years at baseline) black and white adults examined at 2 community clinics in the prospective cohort Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. The baseline visits occurred from May 1997 through June 1998. Our primary analytic cohort consisted of 670 APOE ε4 carriers (329 black and 341 white participants) who were free of cognitive impairment at baseline and underwent repeated cognitive testing during an 11-year follow-up (through 2008) using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination.We stratified all analyses by race. Using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores, we assessed normative cognitive change in the entire cohort (n = 2487) and classified the APOE ε4 carriers as being cognitively resilient vs nonresilient by comparing their cognitive trajectories with those of the entire cohort. We then conducted bivariate analyses and multivariable random forest and logistic regression analyses to explore factors predictive of cognitive resilience in APOE ε4 carriers.Among white APOE ε4 carriers, the strongest predictors of cognitive resilience were, in relative order of importance, no recent negative life events, a higher literacy level, advanced age, a higher educational level, and more time spent reading. Among black APOE ε4 carriers, the strongest predictors of cognitive resilience were, in relative order of importance, a higher literacy level, a higher educational level, female sex, and the absence of diabetes mellitus. In follow-up logistic regression models, higher literacy level (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 9.50 [95% CI, 2.67-60.89]), a higher educational level (adjusted OR for college graduate vs less than high school, 3.81 [95% CI, 1.13-17.56]), and age (adjusted OR for 73-76 vs 69-72 years, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.13-3.63]) had significant independent effects in predicting cognitive resilience among white APOE ε4 carriers. Among black APOE ε4 carriers, a higher literacy level (adjusted OR, 2.27 [95% CI, 1.29-4.06]) and a higher educational level (adjusted OR for high school graduate/some college vs less than high school, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.54-5.49]; adjusted OR for college graduate vs less than high school, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.14-5.62]) had significant independent effects in predicting cognitive resilience.Although APOE ε4 carriers are at high risk for cognitive decline, our findings suggest possible intervention targets, including the enhancement of cognitive reserve and improvement of other psychosocial and health factors, to promote cognitive resilience among black and white APOE ε4 carriers.
"Impending" Myocardial Infarction: Is Anticoagulant Drug Therapy Valuable?
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964"Impending" Myocardial Infarction: Is Anticoagulant Drug Therapy Valuable?Arthur M. Master, M.D., F.A.C.P.Arthur M. Master, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-321_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"Impending" myocardial infarction may present varying clinical pictures. This study deals with a group of patients in whom the syndrome was characterized by a sudden change in symptomatology. Where angina pectoris pre-existed, there developed increasing frequency, severity, and duration of chest pain or pressure. Precipitating factors were more minor and response to nitroglycerin less satisfactory. Also included were a few persons previously asymptomatic who suddenly developed repeated attacks of angina pectoris. Cases of "acute coronary insufficiency without occlusion" and other variants of the "impending" phase, such as single or repeated episodes of prolonged and severe chest pressure, were not part... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 321-321KeywordsAnginaAnticoagulant therapyAnticoagulantsDrug therapyIschemiaMyocardial infarctionThorax Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Artificial Lenses Under Development to Focus on Near, as Well as More Distant, Objects
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE HUMAN LENS can change its shape, becoming more spherical as the ciliary muscle contracts to focus the image of close objects on the retina. Each year about 1 million Americans have cataract surgery, 90% of them having their lens replaced by an intraocular prosthesis. Most artificial lenses now in use focus the image of distant objects.  However, a lens that focuses near objects as well is being developed, according to Richard Keates, MD, professor of ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus. The lens has concentric optics, with the central one focusing near objects, and the circumferential one focusing far objects.  Consequently, two images are projected onto the retina. If the optics have a difference of at least 3 diopters, the images are dissimilar enough for the brain to interpret them separately. The sharper image is selected and the more blurred image is suppressed.  200 Users Worldwide  To date, Keates
Experimental Burn Studies
Authors: P. O. Crassweller, A. W. Farmer, W. R. Franks
Journal: BMJ (1950)

During the past few years improved therapy has resulted in a considerable reduction in the mortality from extensive thermal burns.This improvement has been reflected in all the clinical stages through which a severe burn passes; improvement, however, has been least satisfactory in the so-called toxic phase.These facts are well illustrated in the data shown in Table I, abbreviated from the report of Farmer (1943), inTABLE I.-Analysis of 1.797 Cases of Burns, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto No.
Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: a population-based study of 12 482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
Authors: O Landgren, B I Graubard, J A Katzmann, R A Kyle, I Ahmadizadeh, R Clark, S K Kumar, A Dispenzieri, A J Greenberg, T M Therneau, L J Melton, N Caporaso, N Korde, M Roschewski, R Costello, G M McQuillan, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Israelis won't get cover for transplantations unless they can show organ is legal
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Israelis seeking a transplantation abroad because of the severe shortage of organs inside the country can no longer get financial help from their health insurer unless they can prove the donated organ was not illegally purchased or taken under duress.

New regulations to that effect have been issued by the director general of the health ministry, Avi Yisraeli, who sent them to the four public health funds operating under the national health insurance system.

Until now health funds have given members—especially those with optional supplementary health insurance policies—between $35 000 (£20 000; €29 000) and $70 000 to help cover the cost of transplantations done abroad without asking for …
Symptom-guided adjustable dosing asthma therapy with budesonide and formoterol in a single inhaler—The ATACO study
Authors: R. Buhl, P. Kardos, A. Baare, K. Richter, W. Meyer-Sabellek, B. Bruggenjurgen, S.N. Willich, C. Vogelmeier
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Retinoblastoma Function Is Essential for Establishing Lung Epithelial Quiescence after Injury
Authors: Nicole A. Mason-Richie, Meenakshi J. Mistry, Caitlin A. Gettler, Asmaa Elayyadi, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The retinoblastoma gene product (RB) regulates cell cycle, quiescence, and survival in a cell type–dependent and environment-dependent manner. RB function is critical in the pulmonary epithelium, as evidenced by nearly universal RB inactivation in lung cancer and increased lung cancer risk in persons with germline RB gene mutations. Lung carcinomas occur in the context of epithelial remodeling induced by cytotoxic damage. Whereas the role of RB in development and normal organ homeostasis has been extensively studied, RB function in the context of cellular injury and repair has remained largely unexplored. In the current studies, the RB gene was selectively deleted in the respiratory epithelium of the mouse. Although RB was not required for establishing or maintaining quiescence during lung homeostasis, RB was essential for establishing quiescence during epithelial repair after injury. Notably, aberrant cell cycle progression was sustained for 9 months after injury in RB-deficient lungs. Prenatal and postnatal RB ablation had similar effects, providing evidence that timing of RB loss was not critical to the outcome and that the injury-induced phenotype was not secondary to compensatory alterations occurring during development. These data show that RB is essential for repair of the respiratory epithelium after cytotoxic damage and support a critical unique role for RB in the context of epithelial remodeling after injury. Because human cancers are associated with chronic cellular damage, these findings have important new implications for RB-mediated tumor suppression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4068–76]
Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 induced by TNF-α plays a pivotal role in concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Kimihide Nakamura, Mitsuyoshi Okada, Masashi Yoneda, Shujiro Takamoto, Yukiomi Nakade, Keisuke Tamori, Kazunobu Aso, Isao Makino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Dimitris Syrseloudis, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Eirini Andrikou, Ioannis Andrikou, Anastasia Mazaraki, Elli Stefanadi, Ioannis Kallikazaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Contribution of thromboxane to renal resistance changes in the isolated perfused hydronephrotic rabbit kidney.
Authors: A Kawasaki, P Needleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Thromboxane A2 is not produced in normal rabbit kidneys, but its synthesis is induced in numerous renal pathological states. The presence of this potent vasoconstrictor could readily compromise renal hemodynamics. We found that the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-1581 (sodium-3-[4,3-pyridylmethyl)phenyl]-2-methylacrylate) is effective in the perfused hydronephrotic kidney in selectively inhibiting thromboxane production without altering prostaglandin E2 or prostacyclin release. The vasoactive peptides bradykinin and angiotensin cause the hydronephrotic kidney to produce thromboxane A2, which results in a profound renal vasoconstriction which is reversed by pretreatment with OKY-1581. Thus, OKY-1581 provides a powerful tool which can be used to assess the participation of thromboxane in pathophysiological states and to ascertain the therapeutic potential of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in numerous disease states.
Interleukin‐33 exacerbates allergic bronchoconstriction in the mice via activation of mast cells
Authors: L. C. Sjöberg, J. A. Gregory, S.‐E. Dahlén, G. P. Nilsson, M. Adner
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is implicated as an epithelium-derived danger signal promoting Th2-dependent responses in asthma. We hypothesized that IL-33 might also have direct effects on mast cell-driven allergic airway obstruction.The effects of IL-33 on allergic responses in the airways of sensitized mice were assessed both in vivo and ex vivo, as well as on cultured mast cells in vitro.In vivo, the allergen-induced increase in resistance in the conducting airways was enhanced in mice pretreated with IL-33. Also, in the isolated airways, the allergen-induced contractions were increased in preparations from animals subjected to intranasal IL-33 pretreatment. These effects in vivo and ex vivo were blocked by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin and absent in mice without mast cells. Likewise, the IL-33-induced enhancement of the allergen response was absent in isolated airways from mice lacking the IL-33 receptor. Moreover, exposure to IL-33 increased secretion of serotonin from allergen-challenged isolated airways. In cultured mast cells, IL-33 enhanced the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1, serotonin synthesis, and storage, as well as the secretion of serotonin following IgE receptor cross-linking.These results demonstrate that IL-33 exacerbates allergic bronchoconstriction by increasing synthesis, storage, and secretion of serotonin from the mast cell. This mechanism has implications for the development of airway obstruction in asthma.
WT1 Mutants Reveal SRPK1 to Be a Downstream Angiogenesis Target by Altering VEGF Splicing
Authors: Elianna M. Amin, Sebastian Oltean, Jing Hua, Melissa V.R. Gammons, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Gavin I. Welsh, Man-Kim Cheung, Lan Ni, Satoru Kase, Emma S. Rennel, Kirsty E. Symonds, Dawid G. Nowak, Brigitte Royer-Pokora, Moin A. Saleem, Masatoshi Hagiwara, Valérie A. Schumacher, Steven J. Harper, David R. Hinton, David O. Bates, Michael R. Ladomery
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Cancer as a reprogramming-like disease: Implications in tumor development and treatment
Authors: Andrés Castellanos, Carolina Vicente-Dueñas, Elena Campos-Sánchez, Juan Jesús Cruz, Francisco Javier García-Criado, María Begoña García-Cenador, Pedro A. Lazo, Jesús Pérez-Losada, Isidro Sánchez-García
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2010)
HOW DOES THE CAUSE OF DISEASE PRODUCE DISEASE? A NEW INTERPRETATION OF OPERATIVE PRINCIPLES.
Authors: W. R. DUNHAM
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The following direction of research was suggested by J. M. DaCosta, M.D., LL.D., in his address before the Association of American Physicians, at Washington, D. C., May 4, 1897: "The great advance of our time it seems trite to say, is the ardent study of the causation of disease. And often what we consider the cause, may thus be only the consequences of disease. The soil and the forces, too, are to be studied and critically examined." There has been much written respecting the soil of disease, while it is a new suggestion that we critically study the nature of the forces which present disease phenomena. And with such review it may be well to mention, that the science-mind for many generations has been satisfied with the interpretation, that forces from without, that active medical principles and active causes of disease in addition to active vital forces, have taken part