tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 296: Characterization of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells using E-selectin coated-microtubes
Authors: Gunjan Gakhar, Yue Geng, Mona Jodari-Karimi, Scott Tagawa, Neil Bander, Michael King, David Nanus
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Metastasis and invasion is facilitated by adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to endothelial cells in the blood vessel. Initial recruitment of CTCs to the blood vessel endothelium is mediated through selectin proteins. We used microtube coated with selectin proteins to simulate CTC adhesion under flow, to elucidate the complex physicochemical dynamics that control CTC adhesion in the bloodstream. Methods: Sterilized microrenathane microtubes were functionalized by E-selectin +/- anti-PSMA (mAb J591) and anti-EpCAM antibodies. Functionalized microtubes were used to observe the rolling behavior of prostate cancer cell lines MDAPCa2b, LNCaP C4-2, and PC-3. MDAPCa2b cells alone or mixed with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated with fluorescently conjugated mAbJ591, and the mixture flowed through the microtube for identification and capture efficiency. PBMCs isolated from prostate cancer patient's blood were similarly processed. Results: MDAPCa2b cells showed robust rolling at 1 dyne/cm2 shear stress while LNCaP, C4-2, and PC-3 cells did not exhibit rolling behavior on E-selectin coated microtubes. 7.5 cells were observed rolling at 1 dyne/cm2 compared to 1.5 cells at 8 dyne/cm2 per 100 mm2 area. To determine if prostate cancer cells could be identified in a mixture of PBMCs, MDAPCa2b cells were spiked in PBMCs and labeled with fluorescently conjugated mAb J591. MDAPCa2b cells demonstrated selective fluorescence which did not alter their rolling behavior. A 50% capture efficiency of MDAPCa2b cells spiked in PBMCs was achieved when flowed through E-selectin and anti-PSMA coated microtube. After establishing rolling and selective fluorescence in prostate cancer cell line, we used prostate cancer patient's blood. CTCs in prostate cancer patient's blood showed rolling behavior on E-selectin coated microtube. Further, these CTCs were PSMA-positive after incubation with fluorescently conjugated mAbJ591 and easily identified during the flow through the microtube. Conclusion: Our data shows that CTCs in prostate cancer patients exhibit rolling behavior, which may facilitate invasion and metastasis. Further, selective ex vivo labeling of CTCs enables rapid identification for subsequent characterization of their adhesion and invasive phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 296. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-296
The Changing Scene in Tuberculosis
Authors: Joseph H. Bates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Kaplan's Letter to the Editor in this issue of the Journal advises that a contract providing long-term hospital treatment of tuberculosis has been terminated, leaving only one such facility in Massachusetts; this situation echoes a trend occurring throughout the United States. The past decade has seen remarkable changes in treatment of tuberculosis. In considering these developments, one should remember that the epidemic cycle of tuberculosis is similar to that seen with measles and whooping cough, but the time required for the cycle to be completed must be measured in decades rather than weeks; a period of 300 to 400 years . . .
Emerging Infections, Transfusion Safety, and Epidemiology
Authors: Roger Y. Dodd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Over the past few decades, our optimism — or perhaps hubris — that infectious disease had been conquered has been overturned so completely that emerging infections are now a new discipline, complete with their own journal. Even in the past year, severe acute respiratory syndrome, an entirely new disease of humans, has emerged, and monkeypox, a zoonosis, has appeared for the first time in the Americas. In 1999, the first cases of West Nile virus disease were recognized in New York, and the epidemic has since expanded, infecting about 400,000 Americans (and countless birds, mammals, and even some reptiles) in . . .
CAT among the kiwis.
Authors: A G Hocken
Journal: BMJ (1980)

pathologists agreed on the state of the regional lymph nodes (N) in 68% of cases.Thus the 1974 version of the TNM system is an inaccurate method of classifying breast cancer.The revised 1978 version, however, in- corporating histopathological findings, should improve the accuracy of classification, and it is strongly recom- mended that future trials use this new version.
Effect of Fluconazole Prophylaxis on Candidiasis and Mortality in Premature Infants
Authors: Daniel K. Benjamin, Mark L. Hudak, Shahnaz Duara, David A. Randolph, Margarita Bidegain, Gratias T. Mundakel, Girija Natarajan, David J. Burchfield, Robert D. White, Karen E. Shattuck, Natalie Neu, Catherine M. Bendel, M. Roger Kim, Neil N. Finer, Dan L. Stewart, Antonio C. Arrieta, Kelly C. Wade, David A. Kaufman, Paolo Manzoni, Kristi O. Prather, Daniela Testoni, Katherine Y. Berezny, P. Brian Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Invasive candidiasis in premature infants causes death and neurodevelopmental impairment. Fluconazole prophylaxis reduces candidiasis, but its effect on mortality and the safety of fluconazole are unknown.
Weight Control Practices of U.S. Adults Trying to Lose Weight
Authors: Alan S. Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To estimate the relative prevalence of different types and combinations of practices among weight-loss practitioners and to describe the relations between individual characteristics and various features of weight-loss regimens.A telephone survey of a random digit-dialed probability sample of adults in the continental United States who reported that they were trying to lose weight.A total of 1431 persons 18 years or older who were attempting to lose weight.Self-reports of a detailed inventory of more than 35 specific practices that might be used as part of a voluntary weight-loss plan, along with information about individual characteristics such as current weight, weight-loss history, demographic profile, motivations to lose weight, sources of information, and knowledge about diet and health.The average respondent had a current weight-loss attempt lasting from 5 to 6 months, had tried a similar plan before, and had averaged one attempt a year for the past 2 years. Seventy-one percent of women and 62% of men reported that they were both changing their diet and exercising more as part of a current weight-loss attempt. Frequently reported weight-loss practices included weighing oneself regularly (71% and 70% for women and men, respectively), walking (58% and 44%), using diet soft drinks (52% and 45%), taking vitamins and minerals (33% and 26%), counting calories (25% and 17%), skipping meals (21% and 20%), using commercial meal replacements, (15% and 13%), taking diet pills (14% and 7%), and participating in organized weight-loss programs (13% and 5%). Sex, education, and overweight status influenced the choice of a weight-loss practice.Individual approaches to weight-loss vary and are characterized by their duration and by their recurrent nature. Policy efforts should be directed toward increasing the long-term effectiveness of individual weight-loss plans.
Biology in the 19th Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation
Authors: LESTER S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<b>The Construction of Modern Science: Mechanisms and Mechanics,</b>by Richard S. Westfall, 171 pp, 30 illus, $12.95, paper $5.95, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1978. These two volumes, addressed to the undergraduate student in the history of science, originally appeared in 1971, and now they are again available in reprint editions, offered by a different publisher. Coleman's book can be warmly recommended to physicians who want an overview of biological thought in the 19th century. The brief compass of the volume permits only a highly selective approach. Coleman discusses a few specific topics, especially the development of cell theory, the concept of function as physiology in its broad biological sense, "transformation" as the concept of evolutionary development, and the various "sciences of man" that came to prominence in the last century. A detailed bibliographic essay provides helpful suggestion for further reading, but the references carry us only through 1969. Westfall
Efficacy of a Clinical Decision-Support System in an HIV Practice
Authors: Gregory K. Robbins, William Lester, Kristin L. Johnson, Yuchiao Chang, Gregory Estey, Dominic Surrao, Kimon Zachary, Sara M. Lammert, Henry C. Chueh, James B. Meigs, Kenneth A. Freedberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Data to support improved patient outcomes from clinical decision-support systems (CDSSs) are lacking in HIV care. Objective: To test the efficacy of a CDSS in improving HIV outcomes in an outpatient clinic. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00678600) Setting: Massachusetts General Hospital HIV Clinic. Participants: HIV care providers and their patients. Intervention: Computer alerts were generated for virologic failure (HIV RNA level >400 copies/mL after a previous HIV RNA level ≤400 copies/mL), evidence of suboptimal follow-up, and 11 abnormal laboratory test results. Providers received interactive computer alerts, facilitating appointment rescheduling and repeated laboratory testing, for half of their patients and static alerts for the other half. Measurements: The primary end point was change in CD4 cell count. Other end points included time to clinical event, 6-month suboptimal follow-up, and severe laboratory toxicity. Results: Thirty-three HIV care providers followed 1011 patients with HIV. In the intervention group, the mean increase in CD4 cell count was greater (0.0053 vs. 0.0032 × 109 cells/L per month; difference, 0.0021 × 109 cells/L per month [95% CI, 0.0001 to 0.004]; P = 0.040) and the rate of 6-month suboptimal follow-up was lower (20.6 vs. 30.1 events per 100 patient-years; P = 0.022) than those in the control group. Median time to next scheduled appointment was shorter in the intervention group than in the control group after a suboptimal follow-up alert (1.71 vs. 3.48 months; P < 0.001) and after a toxicity alert (2.79 vs. >6 months; P = 0.072). More than 90% of providers supported adopting the CDSS as part of standard care. Limitation: This was a 1-year informatics study conducted at a single hospital subspecialty clinic. Conclusion: A CDSS using interactive provider alerts improved CD4 cell counts and clinic follow-up for patients with HIV. Wider implementation of such systems can provide important clinical benefits. Primary Funding Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Registry pools reports on ocular side effects
Authors: Helene Cole
Journal: JAMA (1985)

side effects are one of the more common reasons for a drug in preclinical trials to never reach the marketplace, reports Frederick T. Fraunfelder, MD, professor and chair, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland. Of course, some drugs with known or unknown ocular side effects are marketed; the adverse reaction may be experienced by relatively few patients receiving the drug, and the significance may not be readily apparent to a solo practitioner who has seen only one case.  In an effort to pool information from individual practitioners on both ocular side effects of systemic medications and systemic response to ocular medications, a registry was established in 1975. Funded by the Food and Drug Administration and in collaboration with the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the National Registry of Drug Induced Ocular Side Effects (in Portland, Ore) surveys ophthalmologists, the drug industry, and paramedical personnel in the United States
Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with verteporfin in the ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
Authors: David A Saperstein, Philip J Rosenfeld, Neil M Bressler, Robert H Rosa, Michel Sickenberg, Paul Sternberg, Thomas M Aaberg, Thomas M Aaberg, Troy A Reaves
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Sodium Diphenylhydantoin in the Treatment of Recurrent Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Harold Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Sixty symptomatic patients, with recurrent cardiac arrhythmias resistant to conventional antiarrhythmic therapy, were treated with orally administered sodium diphenylhydantoin to assess the antiarrhythmic efficacy of the drug. The arrhythmias seen were (1) premature ventricular contractions, (2) paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, (3) paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, (4) premature atrial systoles, (5) premature nodal systoles, and (6) chronic atrial flutter. On an initial regimen of 100 mg three times daily, 37 of the 60 patients had an excellent response in that they have maintained regular sinus rhythm over an average of 16.8 months to date. A moderate response was obtained in six additional patients in whom there was a marked reduction in the frequency of the arrhythmia and the severity of symptoms. Six other patients failed to respond to the medication, and 11 were forced to discontinue taking the drug because of the development of side effects. No blood dyscrasias were seen.
Pathogens promote matrilocal family ties and the copying of foreign religions
Authors: Lei Chang, Hui Jing Lu, Bao Pei Wu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Within the same pathogen-stress framework as proposed by Fincher & Thornhill (F&T), we argue further that pathogen stress promotes matrilocal rather than patrilocal family ties which, in turn, slow down the process of modernity; and that pathogen stress promotes social learning or copying, including the adoption of foreign religions.
Antibody-driven psychosis
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Psychotic episodes in lupus patients can be triggered by an antibody attack on brain cells, according to Matus et al. (page [3221][1]).

The psychosis that occurs in a small subset of lupus patients is associated with an antibody that recognizes a trio of ribosomal phosphoproteins. It was assumed
STAIN FOR LIPID BODIES IN URINARY SEDIMENT
Authors: Alvin E. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Staining urinary sediment to facilitate the identification of various constituents has not been widely utilized until recently.<sup>1</sup>Sudan III has long been used, to a limited extent, for the identification of fat in the urine.<sup>2</sup>Since the presence of fat in casts or cells in the urinary sediment is frequently associated with renal tubular degeneration in diseases such as glomerulonephritis, intercapillary glomerulosclerosis, renal amyloidosis, lupus erythematosus, and "lipoid" nephrosis, the recognition of fat in the urinary sediment is helpful in making a correct diagnosis. Usually it is observed through a Nicol prism or other polarizing mechanism in the lens system of a microscope. By using Sudan III, we have developed a simple technique for the demonstration of fat globules in urinary sediment. <h3>METHOD</h3> Fresh urine specimens are centrifuged and the supernatant fluid decanted, leaving approximately 0.2 to 0.3 cc. in the tube. Two to three drops of a
Pattern recognition analysis of a set of mutagenic aliphatic N-nitrosamines.
Authors: S Nesnow, R Langenbach, M J Mass
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A set of 21 mutagenic aliphatic N-nitrosamines were subjected to a pattern recognition analysis using ADAPT software. Four descriptors based on molecular connectivity, geometry and sigma charge on nitrogen were capable of achieving a 100% classification using the linear learning machine or iterative least squares algorithms. Three descriptors were capable of a 90.5% and two descriptors of a 85.7% overall correct classification. Three of the four descriptors were each capable of classifying 15 of the 16 active chemicals while it required three of the four descriptors to classify correctly two of the five inactive chemicals. These results are in concert with previous observations that molecular connectivity, geometry, and sigma charge on nitrogen are powerful descriptors for separating active from inactive mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.
Endometrial Cancer as an Estrogen-Progesterone Target
Authors: George S. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

ESTROGEN and progesterone have long stood as the sole controlling agents in the growth of the endometrium, and both agents have long been available for therapeutic purposes in the form of chemically modified preparations of high potency. It has proved possible and profitable to reproduce the sequence of morphologic changes that are normal for the menstrual cycle, to produce pregnancy-like changes that are symptomatically beneficial in the treatment of endometriosis, and to produce abnormal alterations, in which stroma and glands are not in phase with each other, to prevent the implantation of a fertilized ovum.Another and even greater triumph . . .
The performance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell – Implant complexes prepared by cell sheet engineering techniques
Authors: Wei Zhou, Chun Han, Yingliang Song, Xingrong Yan, Dehua Li, Zhiguo Chai, Zhihong Feng, Yan Dong, Liwen Li, Xing Xie, Fulin Chen, Yimin Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice
Authors: Berkeley Brandt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The<i>Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice</i>, edited by David C. Sabiston, Jr, MD, is in its 13th edition. This updated version contains many new illustrations and sections, which represent the editor's efforts to keep pace with the advances in each field. It boasts 57 chapters with 220 contributors, 49 of whom are new. The list of contributors is impressive; there are representatives from a large number of institutions. Six new sections have been added. These include "Surgical Complications of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension," "Vascular Access Procedures for Renal Dialysis," "Peritoneovenous Shunts for Intractable Ascites," "Extracranial-Intracranial Bypass Grafts for Cerebral Ischemia," "Use of Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Technique," and "The Total Artificial Heart." Each section begins with an historical overview and is followed by a detailed discussion of anatomy, pathology, physiology, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and therapy. The sections are followed by "selected references," which serve as a
Association between Rainfall and Pediatric Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illness
Authors: Patrick Drayna, Sandra L. McLellan, Pippa Simpson, Shun-Hwa Li, Marc H. Gorelick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Microbial water contamination after periods of heavy rainfall is well described, but its link to acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in children is not well known.We hypothesize an association between rainfall and pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for AGI that may represent an unrecognized, endemic burden of pediatric disease in a major U.S. metropolitan area served by municipal drinking water systems.We conducted a retrospective time series analysis of visits to the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin ED in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Daily visit totals of discharge International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes of gastroenteritis or diarrhea were collected along with daily rainfall totals during the study period from 2002 to 2007. We used an autoregressive moving average model, adjusting for confounding variables such as sewage release events and season, to look for an association between daily visits and rainfall after a lag of 1-7 days.A total of 17,357 AGI visits were identified (mean daily total, 7.9; range, 0-56). Any rainfall 4 days prior was significantly associated with an 11% increase in AGI visits. Expected seasonal effects were also seen, with increased AGI visits in winter months.We observed a significant association between rainfall and pediatric ED visits for AGI, suggesting a waterborne component of disease transmission in this population. The observed increase in ED visits for AGI occurred in the absence of any disease outbreaks reported to public health officials in our region, suggesting that rainfall-associated illness may be underestimated. Further study is warranted to better address this association.
Field concentrations and persistence of polybrominated biphenyls in soils and solubility of PBB in natural waters.
Authors: L W Jacobs, S F Chou, J M Tiedje
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Soil samples were collected from 28 fields which had received manure from Michigan's most highly contaminated dairy herds. The number of fields in each concentration range of PBB in soil were: 2, not detectable; 15, 0.0 to 8.0 ppb; 6, 14-102 ppb, and 5, 153 to 371 ppb. Plant tissue sampled from the 10 most highly contaminated fields contained no detectable PBB. No evidence of significant degradation of PBB was noted after 1 year incubation in soil. When 14C hexabromobiphenyl and heptabromobiphenyl isomers were incubated in soil less than 0.2% of the 14C was volatilized. Also gas chromatographic analysis of soil extracts showed no difference in recovery of the six major PBB isomers between sterilized and nonsterilized soil. Analysis of these extracts by thin layer chromatography and autoradiography showed no 14C-PBB intermediates. Photodegradation products of the major hexa- and heptabromobiphenyl isomers showed more but still minor (approximately 3%) biodegradation in soil. Much of the photodegradation products appeared bound to soil, since these products could not be extracted from soil. Photodegradation does not appear to be a significant fate of PBB in manures spread on fields since no change was noted in the relative concentrations of isomers in soil samples from our field survey. Studies with distilled, tap, river, and soil waters showed that PBB solubility was markedly influenced by water composition.
Dietary intake and nutritional status in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Authors: A.C Lundberg, A Akesson, B Akesson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Oesophageal dysmotility and abnormalities of intestinal function are important manifestations in systemic sclerosis and may have a significant effect on nutrient absorption and nutritional status. In this study 30 patients with systemic sclerosis with symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract were compared with matched healthy control subjects with respect to nutrient intake (four day record), anthropometric measurements, and biochemical nutritional status. The intake of energy (8.1 and 8.4 MJ/day) and its distribution among nutrients did not differ between patients and control subjects, but the lower intake of dietary fibre among patients with systemic sclerosis suggests that they avoided food with a coarse structure, such as coarse bread. The intake of vegetables and fruit also tended to be lower among patients with systemic sclerosis. Half of the patients had a subnormal arm muscle circumference, and two patients also had a subnormal triceps skinfold thickness, indicating severe malnutrition. The concentration of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, carotene, selenium, and also the proportion of linoleic acid (18:2) in serum phosphatidylcholine was lower in patients than in control subjects.
Endothelial cells injured by oxidized low density lipoprotein
Authors: B. Zhao, Y. Zhang, B. Liu, P. Nawroth, R. Dierichs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Cultured endothelial cells from bovine aorta were exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein and examined by electron microscopy. The endothelial cells contracted slightly and the intercellular junctions became unclear. Some osmiophilic material increased in the cytoplasm. The oxidized low density lipoprotein appears to injure endothelial cells and thereby plays a causative role in atherogenesis and thrombogenesis.