tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients are at the heart of new medical professionalism
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Thinking one is better than peers is generally associated with positive psychological outcomes like increased self-esteem and resilience. However, this tendency may be problematic in the context of collective action problems, wherein individuals are reliant on others’ prosocial behaviors to achieve larger goals. We examined this question in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and recruited participants (<i>n</i> = 1022) from a university community in Spring 2020. We found evidence for a self-peer asymmetry, such that participants reported that they were doing more to stop the spread of the disease and were more prosocially motivated than peers. Actual peer reports indicated that these were overestimations. This self-enhancement tendency comes with a cost: the perceived self-peer asymmetry mediated the relationship between Covid-specific worry and general anxiety during the early lockdown period. This indicates that while believing one is doing more than others may be maladaptive in collective action problems.
Essentials of chemical pathology.
Authors: Hubert R. Catchpole
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Since this volume has reached its third printing since 1957, it clearly fills a niche. But to the reviewer it was something of a disappointment and belies its attractive paperback format and modest price. "Essentials" of chemical (ie, clinical) pathology is interpreted by the author as the "irreducible minimum of facts," rather than as the "underlying rationale." There is an almost total divorce of function from structure, and it seems that many opportunities were missed to upgrade the field by the introduction of concepts derived from electron microscopy, from immunochemistry, and from advances in the field of connective tissue research, to mention but a few areas of active inquiry. As an elementary laboratory guide it is adequate, but as a way to deeper understanding it is deficient. To the list of "Selected Examination Questions," the reviewer will add one of his own: Identify: E.S.R., M.S.H., G.T.T., A.D.H., L.T.H., C.G., E.P.S.
Judge tells committee it must reconsider its decision on Leeds paediatric heart unit
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> MS-CQI is the first multi-center, randomized research study aiming to improve population health outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) using quality improvement (QI). <h3>Objectives</h3> (1) benchmark performance and study variation in utilization and outcomes; (2) provide performance feedback to MS centers; and (3) compare effectiveness of QI versus usual care controls on improving outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> Four centers are participating following approximately 5,000 people with MS. We collect 21 Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and 11 Electronic Health Record (EHR) measures. System-level de-identified EHR data is collected for all clinical encounters. Individual-level PROM data is collected from participants who consent. Centers are randomized to QI or usual care following a step-wedge randomized design beginning in Year 2. <h3>Results</h3> MSCQI has recently completed Year 2. At the end of Year 1, EHR n=2,755 encounters, and PROM n=269 individuals (tables 1–3). There is significant variation in EHR findings, including proportion of patients on disease modifying therapy (DMT), MRI, ED, hospitalizations, urgent care, and relapses (table 2), as well as PROM findings (table 3) including depression, fatigue, cognition, sleep, communication, and work-related impairment. In Year 2, the first center (Center C) was randomized to QI. Center C has higher average depression and fatigue severity than the Collaborative, but has realized a reduction in quarterly relapse rate since beginning QI intervention in Quarter 4 (figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> MSCQI has succeeded in benchmarking system-level variation and has begun studying outcomes of QI intervention versus usual care. MSCQI has potential to improve MS population health outcomes using improvement science methods.
Exfoliation of the Lining of the Bladder
Authors: J. J. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1871)

air or foul drains can create, but which may be pushed by foul air into virulent energy of reproduction.You may think that I am treading on dangerous ground, that I am putting forth views that may interfere with salutary practice.No such thing.If you wish to learn the im- potence of medical science and practice in dealing with contagious dis- eases, you have only to refer to a recent Harveian oration by Dr. Gull, Such diseases defy the physician.They must burn themselves out.
General Medical Council: Students keen to contribute
Authors: M. S Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We have examined the drug consumption of a random sample of 20 patients suffering from chronic pain of diverse causes who were admitted to a pain management programme this year.The mean age of the patients was 47 1 years, and they had had pain for a mean of 9-6 years.The average cost per person of prescription drugs related to their pain (including analgesics, psychotropic drugs, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants) on entry to the programme was £5.32 a week.After four weeks' cognitive behavioural treatment, during which the patients were encouraged to reduce and stop all classes of drugs, 11 of the patients had stopped all their drugs and the average cost per person among the remainder was £1.57 a week.This represents a mean saving across the group of £4.61 per person per week, or £240 a year.This is concomitant with considerable improvements in functional, psychological, and quality of life measures.Our long term follow up data on a much larger group of patients suggest that on discharge 58% have been able to come off all drugs and that this has increased to 65% at one month of follow up.2By six months the figure has fallen to 50%.This suggests that patients do not return to using drugs in the longer term.Given that it has been estimated that 1 1% of the population suffer from chronic pain and that 70% of these take painkilling drugs,' the savings across Britain could be substantial.Patients with chronic pain represent a substantial proportion of most general practitioners' workload.Medicines are often prescribed for want of more effective treatment, but these are continued long term, often with the dose being increased and side effects developing.We suggest that long term use of all classes of drugs in chronic benign pain should be questioned by frequent analysis of the benefit to individual patients.Behavioural approaches show that worthwhile functional improvement can be achieved without the use of drugs.
Differentiation of dendritic cells in cultures of rat bone marrow cells.
Authors: W E Bowers, M R Berkowitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Although dendritic cells (DC) originate from bone marrow, they were not observed in fresh preparations of bone marrow cells (BMC). Likewise, accessory activity was barely measurable in a sensitive assay for this potent function of DC. However, both DC and accessory activity developed when BMC were cultured for 5 d. Based on fractionation before culture, nearly all of the accessory activity could be attributed to only 5% of the total BMC recovered in a low-density (LD) fraction. The LD-DC precursors differed from mature DC in a number of important respects. Removal of Ia+ cells from the LD fraction by panning did not decrease the production of DC when the nonadherent cells were cultured. Thus, the cell from which the DC is derived does not express or minimally expresses Ia antigens, in contrast to the strongly Ia+ DC that is produced in bone marrow cultures. Irradiation of LD cells before culture prevented the development of DC. When irradiation was delayed by daily intervals, progressive increases in the number of DC resulted, up to the fifth day. These findings, together with preliminary autoradiographic data, indicate that cell division has occurred, in contrast to the DC, which does not divide. We conclude that bone marrow-derived DC arise in culture from the division of LD, Ia- precursors.
Increase in mastectomies performed in patients in the community settings undergoing MRI.
Authors: AG Ayoola, S Alagarsamy, J Jaboin, S Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6010 Background: It is estimated that about 182,460 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2008 with an estimated 40,500 deaths. Contrast-enhanced MRI has been shown to have a high sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer in high-risk women with variable specificity. MRI offers an advantage that it is less operator dependent and can demonstrate small cancers, ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), and multifocal disease effectively. The role of MRI in average-risk women however is not well elucidated. In these patients, MRI detects more lesions than mammography but it is uncertain if these lesions have significant pathologic potential or if the use MRI alters the ultimate surgical intervention in these patients.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods:This is a retrospective study of 178 female patients over the age of 18 with breast carcinoma who underwent mammogram and MRI between January 2000 and December 2005. The patients' records were obtained from physician offices affiliated with three community hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland. The radiological and pathological reports of these patients were also examined.Of the 178 charts screened, 18 patients were excluded in the analysis because of missing data.&amp;#x2028; Results: MRI detected more lesions than mammogram; however, these lesions were not cancerous. The lesions detected by mammogram correlated more with pathological lesions. MRI detected more lesions as compared to the pathological specimens.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; More patients who had both imaging modalities underwent mastectomies compared to those who had mammogram alone.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: The ability of MRI to detect an increased number of truly pathologic lesions has been a matter of controversy. In our patient pool, we demonstrated that MRI lesions did not correlate significantly with the number of pathological lesions found in subsequent surgical specimens. These findings suggest that MRI has a high sensitivity and low specificity in the detection of pathologic lesions in our study population. Based on this data, we can hypothesize that the use of MR imaging resulted in a higher number of lesions necessitating conversion to a mastectomy over treatment with lumpectomy alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6010.
Clinical Characteristics of Hypertension Associated with Unilateral Renal Disease
Authors: GEORGE A. PERERA, ARTHUR W. HAELIG
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A comparison has been made of 20 patients with unilateral renal disease, apparently cured of their hypertension by nephrectomy, and of another group of 20 who showed persistence of elevated blood pressure readings after surgery. Evidence is presented that unilateral renal disease, when it is responsible for hypertension, produces an acute, severe and accelerated process different in many respects from the usual picture of essential hypertension or of chronic bilateral renal disorders. The diagnostic value and the possible bearing of this observation on the mechanisms of renal hypertension are discussed.
High level transcription of the glucocerebrosidase pseudogene in normal subjects and patients with Gaucher disease.
Authors: J Sorge, E Gross, C West, E Beutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Gaucher disease is due to mutations involving the glucocerebrosidase gene. A closely homologous pseudogene is located approximately 16 kD downstream from the functional gene. Sequence analysis of clones from cDNA libraries made from skin fibroblast cultures showed several independent clones with the sequence of an aberrantly processed pseudogene message. Examination of cellular RNA from lymphoblasts or fibroblasts obtained from thirteen Gaucher disease patients, one Gaucher disease heterozygote, and four normal subjects showed that the pseudogene was consistently transcribed, and that in some cases the level of transcription seemed to be approximately equal to that of the functional gene. The transcription of the pseudogene must be taken into account when attempting to detect mutations of glucocerebrosidase by the study of cDNA libraries.
345 CK2 CONTRIBUTES TO CELL SURVIVAL IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BY ACTIVATING NFKB AND CONTRIBUTING TO THE WNT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY
Authors: G. Sass, S. Buerbank, N. Klinger, M. Ocker, T. Cheusova, S. Hashemolhosseini, T. Papadopoulos, G. Tiegs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Green's Manual of Pathology
Authors: T. Henry Green, H. W. C. Vines
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Actinomycin D on Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: J. J. Fennelly, J. F. Groarke
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Four patients with active Paget9s disease were treated with the RNA inhibitor actinomycin D. Three were clinically improved after treatment; the fourth had multiple collapsed vertebrae and showed no symptomatic improvement. Striking changes took place in urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, in serum alkaline phosphatase, and to a less extent in serum calcium and phosphate. These studies are continuing and are being compared with the effects of mithramycin.
Secretory Otitis Media— Problems and Pitfalls
Authors: B. W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In the diagnosis of otitis media it is easy to be misled by the patient's history, the physical examination, and the usual hearing tests, particularly as regards the presence of fluid in the middle ear. Despite the presence of fluid, the physical findings may not be characteristic and the hearing loss shown in audiograms may range from mild to severe. Decisive information is furnished by the pneumatic otoscope, which reveals limited excursion of the eardrum. The binaural transmission test helps to establish the diagnosis. Treatment aims to restore normal function of the eustachian tube and should include treatment of contributing systemic disease. If the condition is chronic, myringotomy and the use of indwelling plastic tubing is advised.
BIOMARKER PROFILES OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM FROM THE NHANES-III
Authors: Tushar A. Tuliani, Maithili Shenoy, Abhishek Deshmukh, Muhammad Janjua, Sadip Pant, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Apurva Badheka, Diane Levine, Luis Afonso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The new dermatology.
Authors: M W Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1990)

suspect feed."IIf, therefore, eating infected beef can cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease the development of the disease is likely to be greatly delayed.Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is rare: its incidence in England and Wales is 0-49 per million.'2Although it can be transmitted in the laboratory to several animal species-usually only by intracerebral injection of brain extracts and exceptionally from person to person by iatrogenic accident7-it is by no means established that the disease is naturally infectious.There have been occasional reports of social contact between patients with overt disease'3 and three instances ofCreutzfeldt- Jakob disease in neuropathology technicians.'4-'6A small case- control study showed a remarkable number of "significant" medical, dietary, and other environmental risk factors,'7 but none that were examined could be confirmed in a much larger investigation in Britain.'2A significant excess of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or other dementing illness is found in close relatives of patients with the disease,'2 but almost all cases are sporadic.No source of infection or route of entry has been confirmed, and no environmental factor has been identified that might convert a normal protein into a destructive prion."Understandably, great attention has been paid to the possibility that people might acquire Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from sheep affected by scrapie, particularly from eating brains, and a few suggestive anecdotes.have been reported.20Anyone in Britain who eats meat will have eaten mutton, and a case-control study could not be expected to detect any excess consumption in those with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Studies of other contacts with sheep or their
CLINICAL IMPACT OF INTRACORONARY NICORANDIL INFUSION COMPARED TO INTRAVENOUS ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ON MEASUREMENT OF FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE IN INTERMEDIATE CORONARY LESIONS
Authors: Hiroaki Takashima, Daiki Kato, Akiyoshi Kurita, Katsuhisa Waseda, Yasushi Kuhara, Hirohiko Ando, Kenji Asai, Yasuo Kuroda, Takashi Kosaka, Kazuyuki Maeda, Shinichirou Sakurai, Toru Niwa, Kentarou Mukai, Yusuke Nakano, Akihiro Suzuki, Shigeko Sato, Masanobu Fujimoto, Tomofumi Mizuno, Tetsuya Amano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Design and development of novel bioadhesive niosomal formulation for the transcorneal delivery of anti-infective agent: In-vitro and ex-vivo investigations
Authors: Yahaya Zubairu, Lalit Mohan Negi, Zeenat Iqbal, Sushama Talegaonkar
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Gatifloxacin eye drops are frequently used in eye infections. However such formulations have a major drawback i.e. short duration of action and usually require 4–6 times installations daily. A chitosan coated niosomal formulation of gatifloxain was purposed to show a longer retention time on eyes and subsequent reduction in dosing frequency. Vesicles were prepared by solvent injection method using cholesterol and Span-60. An extensive optimization of formulation was done using different ratios of cholesterol, Span-60 and drug, revealed NS60-5 (cholesterol: span-60 50: 50 and drug content of 20 mg) to be the optimized niosome formulation. NS60-5 had shown a highest entrapment efficiency of 64.9 ± 0.66% with particle size 213.2 ± 1.5 nm and zeta potential −34.7 ± 2.2 mV. Optimized niosomes were also coated with different concentrations of chitosan and evaluated. Permeation studies had revealed that optimized niosomes (86.77 ± 1.31%) had increased the transcorneal permeation of Gatifloxacin more than two fold than simple drug solution (37.19 ± 1.1%). Longer retention potential of the coated niosomes was further verified by fluorescence microscopy. Study revealed that simple dye solution got easily washed out with in 6 h. The uncoated niosomes (NS60-5) showed a longer retention (more than 6 h), which was further enhanced in case of coated niosomes i.e. CNS60-1 (more than 12 h). Antimicrobial studies had shown the better efficacy of CNS60-1 (zone of inhibition) when compared to marketed formulation. The final chitosan formulation was found to have shown better ocular tolerability as demonstrated by corneal hydration test histopathology investigations.
The Effect of Resistance Training on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Individuals with High and Low Numbers of Metabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Itamar Levinger, Craig Goodman, David L. Hare, George Jerums, Steve Selig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

There are limited data on the effects of resistance training on the capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life (QoL) for individuals with a high number of metabolic risk factors (HiMF). In this study, we examined the effect of resistance training on the capacity to perform ADLs and QoL in individuals with HiMF and compared any benefits with individuals with a low number of metabolic risk factors (LoMF).Fifty-five untrained individuals, aged 50.8 +/- 6.5 years, were randomized to four groups: HiMF training (HiMFT), HiMF control, LoMF training (LoMFT), and LoMF control. At baseline and after 10 weeks of resistance training, participants underwent anthropometric measurements and assessments of aerobic power (Vo(2peak)), muscle strength, capacity to perform ADLs, and a self-perceived QoL questionnaire. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of training over time among groups.Training increased lean body mass in both HiMFT (P = 0.03) and LoMFT (P = 0.03) groups. Total fat content and Vo(2peak) improved in the LoMFT group only. Muscle strength improved in both training groups (P < 0.01). Time to complete ADLs was reduced by 8.8% in the LoMFT group (P < 0.01) and 9.7% in the HiMF group (P < 0.01). Only the HiMFT group reported improvement in QoL.Resistance training improved muscle strength and the capacity to perform ADLs in individuals with HiMF and LoMF. Resistance training improved QoL for the HiMF group, and this result was independent of changes in body fat content or aerobic power. Longer training regimens may be needed to improve QoL in individuals with LoMF.
Water Intubation of the Sigmoid Colon: Water Instillation Speeds Up Left-Sided Colonoscopy
Authors: None Baumann
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Rapid passage through the sigmoid and descending colon is important during flexible colonoscopy, and colonoscopists have developed several techniques and tricks for achieving this. The present study was designed to explore the effect of instilling 200 ml of water into the first bend of the sigmoid on the speed of passage of the endoscope from the rectum to the left colonic (splenic) flexure.
CAUTERIZATION OF THE NARES, AND ACCIDENTS THAT MAY FOLLOW.Read before the Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Medical Society, Decatur, May 15-17, 1894.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Although from time to time articles have been written to show that serious accidents, often follow cauterization of the nares, I think that, when properly done, this operation is quite as free from discomfort or danger as any other minor surgical procedure. I have occasionally heard of serious results following these operations, but have never had one in my own practice, and I believe that as a rule they are due to carelessness or inexperience upon the operator's part which induces him to make extensive wounds or to repeat the burnings too frequently. By this I do not mean that all accidents after cauterization have resulted from carelessness or inexperience, for I well know that bad results after any operation, from various causes, may possibly happen to any one, even though the utmost caution is observed. Looking over the records of my private patients, I find that in hypertrophie rhinitis,
Detection of Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus in peripheral blood of HIV-infected individuals and progression to Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: D Whitby, C Boshoff, T Hatzioannou, R.A Weiss, T.F Schulz, M.R Howard, N.S Brink, R.S Tedder, M Tenant-Flowers, A Copas, F.E.A Suggett, D.M Aldam, A.S Denton, R.F Miller, I.V.D Weller
Journal: The Lancet (1995)