tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor-associated antigens. A new perspective of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: S. E. Order
Journal: JAMA (1973)

There are obvious differences between Hodgkin's disease and other malignant neoplasms. Perhaps most striking are the derangement of the immunologic system and the preponderance of the normal-appearing reactive patient's cells (lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils) with relatively few neoplastic-appearing reticulum cells and Sternberg-Reed cells in Hodgkin's disease. In contrast, other malignant neoplasms have greater numbers of the neoplastic cells and few, if any, reactive cells. Further, the association of an improved prognosis with lymphocyte predominance in Hodgkin's disease and the poorer prognosis when lymphocytes are depleted suggested that immunity played an active and important role in the disease. These features suggested an investigation of possible associated antigens in Hodgkin's disease. In our studies, we have utilized the unique opportunity provided by staging, laparotomy, and splenectomy to obtain Hodgkin's nodules from splenic and nodal tissue that has not been modified by irradiation or chemotherapy. These tissues are used to immunize rabbits. The
The Treatment of the Rheumatic Diseases in the United States and the Continent of Europe
Authors: W. S. Tegner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

THE Empire Rheumatism Council in March, 1938, selected me for the Sir Alexander Walker Travelling Scholarship to study the measures taken for the treatment of the rheumatic diseases in the principal foreign centres.Sir Alexander Walker, whose generous gift provided the means for this tour of investigation, had expressed as his intention a desire to provide for workers in British rheumatism clinics, existing and about to be estab- lished, information gathered by direct observation as to the methods employed in Europe and America in the war on rheu- matism.He believed that this would give some useful guidance in planning for Great Britain a national scheme of treatment.
Overhaul hospital payment system to reflect care pathways, say doctors' representatives
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors’ representatives have called for an overhaul of the way hospitals are paid for treating patients so that it better reflects the integrated care pathways being advocated by the NHS.

In its pre-election manifesto the Royal College of Physicians calls for reforming the current payment by results system, which sets national tariffs for different procedures and hospital stays and reimburses hospitals for the precise activity that they do. The college fully supports the move to work across the traditional boundaries of primary and secondary care …
Distinction between metabolic and myogenic mechanisms of coronary hyperemic response to brief diastolic occlusion.
Authors: G P Dubé, K G Bemis, J C Greenfield
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We monitored an index of coronary vascular resistance (mean aortic pressure/mean coronary flow) in 19 heart-blocked conscious dogs paced at 60 beats/min and instrumented with an aortic pressure catheter, left circumflex artery electromagnetic flow probe, and a coronary occluder. Cessation of pacing for a single beat resulted in a long diastole control (LDC) intervention beat of 2-second duration characterized by a progressive rise in diastolic coronary vascular resistance index. A 400-msec coronary artery occlusion early in a long diastole (LD4) dramatically inhibited the rate of rise in resistance index during the first 600 msec (phase 1) after occlusion. Partial recovery of the resistance index rise rate was evident during the remaining 400 msec (phase 2) of the long diastole. In nine dogs, LDC and LD4 intervention beats were instituted during two conditions of myocardial metabolic activity in which the myogenic stimuli associated with coronary occlusion would be similar: 1) paired pacing and 2) normal pacing plus intravenous adenosine and phenylephrine infusions (AP) to maintain mean aortic pressure and coronary flow at paired pacing levels. During paired pacing, the LD4-LDC differences in phase 1 and 2 resistance index rise rates (-69 +/- 18 and -48 +/- 31 mmHg/ml/sec2, respectively) were greater than during normal pacing plus AP (-32 +/- 14 and -1 +/- 32 mm Hg/ml/sec2, phase 1 and 2, respectively) (p less than 0.05). These differences are consistent with operation of a metabolic mechanism in response to occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developing countries are not making the most of TRIPS flexibilities because of political pressure
Authors: R. M. Hermann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The flexibility given to developing countries to provide medicines more cheaply to those in need is not being exploited to its full capacity, a legal expert on public health has said. 

While the Declaration on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Public Health, signed in Doha in 2001, reinforced several types of flexibilities to boost access to medicines, developing countries are not taking full advantage of them, Frederick Abbott, professor of international law at Florida State University College of Law, told the BMJ .

He gave an interview to the BMJ at the 5th High-Level Symposium on Global Health Diplomacy, which was held on 23 November at the World Trade Organization in Geneva.

Professor Abbott, who was also a symposium panellist, said that only one country, for example, had used the flexible import-export mechanism allowed under the TRIPS agreement. Rwanda had used it to import a generic fixed dose combination antiretroviral drug from a Canadian company under compulsory licence. 

Limited implementation of TRIPS flexibilities was caused by various factors, he said, but one of the greatest challenges that developing countries face is political pressure, increasingly manifested in bilateral and regional agreements that restrict flexibilities. 

“Developing countries have found that if they attempt to issue government use or compulsory licences, even on AIDS medicines, they come under intense political pressure, from the home country of the originator …
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Myeloperoxidase in Patients with Systemic Vasculitis and Idiopathic Necrotizing and Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ronald J. Falk, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies have been found in patients with systemic arteritis and glomerulonephritis. We studied the disease distribution and antigen specificity of these autoantibodies. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were identified by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy in 27 of 35 patients with idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, in whom the manifestations of disease ranged from injury limited to the kidney to systemic arteritis. The incidence and titers of the autoantibodies did not differ between patients with disease limited to the kidney and those with systemic disease. Anti-neutrophil immunostaining was detected in 5 of 11 patients with lupus nephritis, 4 of 71 patients with other renal diseases, and none of 50 normal controls. This distribution of autoantibodies was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using neutrophil lysate as antigen. According to ELISA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies were found to be specific for constituents of primary granules. Two types of autoantibodies were identified; one with reactivity with myeloperoxidase on ELISA produced an artifactual perinuclear immunostaining of alcohol-fixed neutrophils, and another with no reactivity with myeloperoxidase on ELISA produced diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining. The presence of the same serologic marker in patients with kidney-limited and arteritis-associated necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, including Wegener's granulomatosis and polyarteritis nodosa, suggests that these clinically diverse diseases may have a similar pathogenesis, initiated by autoantibody-mediated activation of neutrophils. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1651–7.)
Abstract 3504: Plasma growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss and poor prognosis in cancer patients.
Authors: Lerner Lorena, Teresa Hayes, Nianjun Tao, Brian Krieger, Bin Feng, Richard Nicoletti, Ailin Bai, Zhigang Weng, Qing Liu, Maria Isabel Chiu, Jeno Gyuris, Jose M. Garcia
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Cachexia is associated with increased inflammatory markers and decreased survival in cancer. Also, elevated GDF-15 has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types but its role in cachexia is not well-understood. Methods: We measured body weight change, appetite, plasma GDF-15, and other inflammatory markers in 62 males with cancer-cachexia (CC), 72 non-cachectic cancer subjects (CNC) and 64 non-cancer controls (Co) matched by age, gender and pre-illness body weight. In a subset of patients we also measured grip strength (HGS), appendicular lean body mass (aLBM), ECOG and KPS. Results: GDF-15, IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in CC vs. other groups. Activin and G-CSF were significantly upregulated in CC vs. Co. A subset analyses showed that GDF-15, Activin A and IL-8 were increased in CC vs. CNC in lung cancer patients and that GDF-15, IL-6 and IL-8 were increased in CC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. GDF15, IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly correlated with 6-month weight loss and with IL-6, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IFN, MCP-10, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNF-a, VGEF and activin in cancer patients. Analysis in a subset of patients showed that CC had lower grip strength, aLBM, and fat mass; and that ECOG and KPS were lower in CC and CNC compared to controls. GDF-15 and IL-8 correlated negatively with aLBM, HGS and fat mass. Activin correlated negatively with aLBM. Survival analysis showed that GDF-15 and IL-8 predicted survival adjusting for stage and weight change (Cox regression p&amp;lt;0.01, HR 3). Conclusion: GDF-15 and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss, decreased muscle mass and strength and poor survival in cancer patients. GDF-15 may serve as a prognostic indicator in cancer patients and be a novel therapeutic target for cancer cachexia. Citation Format: Lerner Lorena, Teresa Hayes, Nianjun Tao, Brian Krieger, Bin Feng, Richard Nicoletti, Ailin Bai, Zhigang Weng, Qing Liu, Maria Isabel Chiu, Jeno Gyuris, Jose M. Garcia. Plasma growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) and other inflammatory markers are associated with weight loss and poor prognosis in cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3504
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in a Large Group of β-Thalassemia Patients Using Right Heart Catheterization
Authors: Giorgio Derchi, Renzo Galanello, Patrizio Bina, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Antonio Piga, Maria-Eliana Lai, Antonella Quarta, Gavino Casu, Silverio Perrotta, Valeria Pinto, Khaled M. Musallam, Gian Luca Forni
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a concern in patients with β-thalassemia major (TM) and intermedia (TI); however, studies evaluating its prevalence and risk factors using systematic confirmation on right heart catheterization are lacking. Methods and Results— This was a multicenter cross-sectional study of 1309 Italian β-thalassemia patients (mean age 36.4±9.3 years; 46% men; 74.6% TM, 25.4% TI). Patients with a tricuspid-valve regurgitant jet velocity ≥3.2 m/s (3.6%) on transthoracic echocardiography further underwent right heart catheterization to confirm the diagnosis of PAH (mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mm Hg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ≤15mm Hg). The confirmed PAH prevalence on right heart catheterization was 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.0) and was higher in TI (4.8%; 95% CI, 3.0–7.7) than TM (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.6–2.0). The positive predictive value for the tricuspid-valve regurgitant jet velocity ≥3.2 m/s threshold for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension was 93.9%. Considerable functional limitation and decrease in the 6-minute walk distance were noted in patients with confirmed PAH. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for confirmed PAH were age (odds ratio, 1.102 per 1-year increase; 95% CI, 1.06–1.15) and splenectomy (odds ratio, 9.31; 95% CI, 2.57–33.7). Conclusions— The prevalence of PAH in β-thalassemia patients as confirmed on right heart catheterization was 2.1%, with an ≈5-fold higher prevalence in TI than TM. Advanced age and splenectomy are risk factors for PAH in this patient population. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01496963.
Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats
Authors: Douglas Holdstock, Elizabeth Waterston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threatsMedical treatment should be given only when safe to do so Editor-Turai et al reviewed the medical response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats. 1 Puzzlingly, they say that providing care for a patient in a life threatening condition always has priority over decontamination from radioactive materials or those actions required for the safety of others involved (medical staff, emergency rescue teams) or related to the wider public and environment. 1I disagree.This statement will encourage inexperienced staff to disregard the safety of themselves and others in a "heroic" attempt to treat those ill and injured.The latest edition of the Major Incident Medical Management and Support Course rightly emphasises self and scene safety over that of survivors. 2Experience has shown again and again that well meaning but poorly trained or equipped rescue and medical staff are highly likely to become further victims. 3As an example, the article points out that some of the 28 radiation deaths from the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 were among fire fighters.Medical treatment should be given only when it is safe to do so: poorly considered and risky actions will simply lengthen the list of casualties.
The Relationship Between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Myocardial Ischemia in Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Hakan Akıllı, Mehmet Kayrak, Alpay Aribas, Hajrudin Alibasic, Oguzhan Yildirim, Ahmet Lütfi Sertdemir, Kurtulus Ozdemir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in England: public health surveillance study
Authors: L. J Donaldson, P. D Rutter, B. M Ellis, F. E C Greaves, O. T Mytton, R. G Pebody, I. E Yardley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To establish mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza up to 8 November 2009. <b>Design</b> Investigation of all reported deaths related to pandemic A/H1N1 in England. <b>Setting</b> Mandatory reporting systems established in acute hospitals and primary care. <b>Participants </b>Physicians responsible for the patient. <b>Main outcome measures </b>Numbers of deaths from influenza combined with mid-range estimates of numbers of cases of influenza to calculate age specific case fatality rates. Underlying conditions, time course of illness, and antiviral treatment. <b>Results</b> With the official mid-range estimate for incidence of pandemic A/H1N1, the overall estimated case fatality rate was 26 (range 11-66) per 100 000. It was lowest for children aged 5-14 (11 (range 3-36) per 100 000) and highest for those aged ≥65 (980 (range 300-3200) per 100 000). In the 138 people in whom the confirmed cause of death was pandemic A/H1N1, the median age was 39 (interquartile range 17-57). Two thirds of patients who died (92, 67%) would now be eligible for the first phase of vaccination in England. Fifty (36%) had no, or only mild, pre-existing illness. Most patients (108, 78%) had been prescribed antiviral drugs, but of these, 82 (76%) did not receive them within the first 48 hours of illness. <b>Conclusions</b> Viewed statistically, mortality in this pandemic compares favourably with 20th century influenza pandemics. A lower population impact than previous pandemics, however, is not a justification for public health inaction. Our data support the priority vaccination of high risk groups. We observed delayed antiviral use in most fatal cases, which suggests an opportunity to reduce deaths by making timely antiviral treatment available, although the lack of a control group limits the ability to extrapolate from this observation. Given that a substantial minority of deaths occur in previously healthy people, there is a case for extending the vaccination programme and for continuing to make early antiviral treatment widely available.
NASAL OPERATIONS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: MORRIS H. KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is interesting to note that in Salter's<sup>1</sup>classic and exhaustive treatise on asthma, in which the cases are reviewed in the greatest detail, no observations are recorded of the condition of the nose and throat in the causation of the disease. Since then, an occasional case has been reported in which an apparent cure was achieved by removing some gross nasal defect, such as polypi.<sup>2</sup> As a result, it is now commonly assumed that local conditions and malformations of the nose and upper respiratory tract are direct and important causes of asthma, especially as reflex relations between the nose and the bronchi are often manifested. With this conception in view, it has been the usual procedure to perform extensive and repeated operations on the nose and throat in these patients. In some patients with asthma, extensive nasal symptoms are present, but there is no evidence that the
Inorganic photosensitizer coupled Gd-based upconversion luminescent nanocomposites for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared-responsive photodynamic therapy in cancers
Authors: Ling'e Zhang, Leyong Zeng, Yuanwei Pan, Song Luo, Wenzhi Ren, An Gong, Xuehua Ma, Hongze Liang, Guangming Lu, Aiguo Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Efficient and Selective AAV2-Mediated Gene Transfer Directed to Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Stuart A. Nicklin, Hildegard Buening, Kate L. Dishart, Mahesh de Alwis, Anne Girod, Uli Hacker, Adrian J. Thrasher, Robin R. Ali, Michael Hallek, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Gene therapy vectors based on adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV2) offer considerable promise for human gene therapy. Applications for AAV vectors are limited to tissues efficiently transduced by the vector due to its natural tropism, which is predominantly skeletal muscle, neurons, and hepatocytes. Tropism modification to elevate efficiency and/or selectivity to individual cell types would enhance the scope of AAV for disease therapies. The vascular endothelium is implicitly important in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, but is relatively poorly transduced by AAV vectors. We therefore genetically incorporated the peptide SIGYPLP, which targets endothelial cells (EC), into position I-587 of AAV capsids. SIGYPLP-modified AAV (AAVsig) showed enhanced transduction of human EC compared with AAV with a wild-type capsid (AAVwt), a phenotype independent of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding. In contrast, AAVsig did not enhance transduction of primary human vascular smooth muscle cells or human hepatocytes, principal targets for AAV vectors in local or systemic gene delivery applications, respectively. Furthermore, infection of EC in the presence of bafilomycin A2 indicated that intracellular trafficking of AAV particles was altered by targeting AAV by means of SIGYPLP. AAV vectors with enhanced tropism for EC will be useful for diverse gene therapeutics targeted at the vasculature.
EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy for palliative biliary drainage in patients with malignant biliary obstruction: Results of long-term follow-up
Authors: K. Yamao, V. Bhatia, N. Mizuno, A. Sawaki, H. Ishikawa, M. Tajika, N. Hoki, Y. Shimizu, R. Ashida, N. Fukami
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Five patients with obstructive jaundice caused by malignant periampullary biliary stenosis underwent EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) from the first portion of the duodenum using a convex echoendoscope and a needle knife. All the steps of the procedure including passage dilatation and the plastic stent placement were performed through the accessory channel of the echoendoscope over the guide wire. Stent insertion was technically successful in all five patients. The procedure was also clinically effective in relieving jaundice in all cases. One patient developed pneumoperitoneum, which resolved with conservative management. Stent exchange was successful in seven of eight attempts in patients with stent occlusion. One failure was due to tumor invasion to the choledochoduodenal fistula. Stent patency was maintained in the remaining patients throughout their survival period. The average stent patency was 211.8 days. EUS-CDS from the first portion of the duodenum appears to be feasible and safe in cases of obstructive jaundice caused by distal bile duct obstruction.
1063-62 Safety of bivalirudin as a single antithrombotic agent in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and vascular brachytherapy with gamma and beta emitters
Authors: Roswitha Wolfram, Pramod K Kuchulakanti, Seung-Woon Rha, Rebecca Torguson, Donna Whitman, Ellen Pinnow, Karin Nealon, Augusto Pichard, Lowell Satler, Kenneth Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia In Jews From Morocco
Authors: A. Berrebi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During the last three months, seven cases of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type 2 (HEMPAS) have been diagnosed in our hospital. Of these, three cases were diagnosed in retrospect in patients who had been splenectomized two, four, and six years ago for chronic hemolytic anemia with splenomegaly. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by a positive acidifiedserum test and an agglutination of the erythrocytes with an anti-i-serum. Bone marrow examination was performed in five cases, and the typical picture of multinucleated normoblasts and Gaucher-like cells was found. This examination has not yet been performed in two cases. Three pairs of siblings are affected. Two or more siblings affected in the same family is not rare, and has been reported by other authors.<sup>1,2</sup>Our most important observation is that all the patients' country of origin is Morocco. In addition to our observation, we obtained the information
Treatment of Dysentery at Sea
Authors: G. Mathers
Journal: BMJ (1943)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Many animals perceive odorant molecules by collecting information from ensembles of olfactory neurons. Each neuron employs receptors that are tuned to recognize certain odorant molecules by chemical binding affinity. Olfactory systems are able, in principle, to detect and discriminate diverse odorants by using combinatorial coding strategies. Multineuronal imaging with high-throughput stimulus delivery allows comprehensive measurement of ensemble-level sensory representations. We have used microfluidics and multineuronal imaging to study ensemble-level olfactory representations at the sensory periphery of the nematode <i>C. elegans</i>. The collective activity of nematode chemosensory neurons reveals high-dimensional representations of olfactory information across a broad space of odorant molecules. We reveal diverse tuning properties and dose-response curves across chemosensory neurons and across odorants. We describe the unique contribution of each sensory neuron to an ensemble-level code for volatile odorants. We also show how natural stimuli, a set of nematode pheromones, are encoded by the sensory periphery. The integrated activity of the <i>C. elegans</i> chemosensory neurons contains sufficient information to robustly encode the intensity and identity of diverse chemical stimuli.