tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pure red-cell aplasia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with acute hepatitis A
Authors: Hyo Jeong Chang, Dong Hyun Sinn, Sung Gyun Cho, Tae Hoon Oh, Tae Joo Jeon, Won Chang Shin, Won Choong Choi
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) have rarely been reported as an extrahepatic manifestation of acute hepatitis A (AHA). We report herein a case of AHA complicated by both PRCA and AIHA. A 49-year-old female with a diagnosis of AHA presented with severe anemia (hemoglobin level, 6.9 g/dL) during her clinical course. A diagnostic workup revealed AIHA and PRCA as the cause of the anemia. The patient was treated with an initial transfusion and corticosteroid therapy. Her anemia and liver function test were completely recovered by 9 months after the initial presentation. We review the clinical features and therapeutic strategies for this rare case of extrahepatic manifestation of AHA. Keywords: Hepatitis A; Pure red-cell aplasia; Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Ventricular arrhythmias induced in monkeys by the inhalation of aerosol propellants
Authors: George J. Taylor, Willard S. Harris, Morton D. Bogdonoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

After inhaling fluoroalkane gases, which are used as aerosol propellants, some people have died suddently and unexpectedly. Seeking an explanation, we had 14 monkeys inhale these gases. All developed ventricular premature beats, bigeminy, or tachycardia, which began at an average of 39 (SE +/-4.2) sec. Fluoroalkanes were present in blood, but arterial hypoxemia or hypercapnia was absent, and arterial pressure was reduced only slightly. In contrast, without fluoroalkanes, 3 min of asphyxia or anoxia caused arrhythmias in only one monkey whose arterial oxygen tension had fallen to 16 mm Hg. The ventricular arrhythmias caused in well oxygenated monkeys by fluoroalkane gases may either be mediated through beta adrenergic receptors, since propranolol abolished these arrhythmias, or result from a nonadrenergic, direct, toxic effect of these gases on the heart. These results suggest that some deaths after propellant inhalation may be caused by ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.
Successful radiosynoviorthesis of an olecranon bursitis in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: M N Berliner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

In an article on Rubens' painting "The Three Graces" Dequeker suggests that hypermobility is a medical explanation of the seeming scoliosis and Trendelenburg sign in the middle figure . 1 But the posture of this middle figure should probably be interpreted as an artistic phenomenon without medical reference.Sculptors in classical Greek and Roman periods often used the contrapposto posture.In this, by putting most weight on one leg, the other leg can be shown in a relaxed and semiflexed position.This undulating between tension and relaxation will animate the figure.A person with normal muscular function and a normal back can perfectly well pose in this way with relaxed hip abductors on the weightbearing side, a descending hip on the opposite side, and a compensating scoliotic posture.This posture is facilitated by support from the arm as in Rubens' painting.If the person tries to take a forward step, relaxation of the muscles of the weightbearing hip can no longer be maintained, and the positive Trendelenburg sign will disappear.In the Renaissance period the use of this contrapposto posture was revived.During his stay in Rome Rubens eagerly studied the then recently excavated Laokoön sculpture with its three distorted figures. 2 He often used such distorted postures in his paintings to give the impression of vigorous muscular characters capable of performing great tasks.The best example is probably "The Debarkation at Marseilles" in the Maria de Medici cycle from 1622 to 1625 for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris. 3 Here, three young women, nereides, with curved muscular backs at the bottom of the picture nearly seem to carry the ship of Maria de Medici.
Abstract 141: miR520d-3p regulates EphA2 and inhibits ovarian cancer growth
Authors: Masato Nishimura, Eun-Jung Jung, Riccardo Spizzo, Mian M.K. Shahzad, Koji Matsuo, Justin Bottsford-Miller, Rebecca L. Stone, Alpa M. Nick, Chunnhua Lu, Hee-Dong Han, Nicholas B. Jennings, George A. Calin, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract EphA2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is over-expressed in various malignancies including ovarian cancer. EphA2 is known to promote tumor growth, however its regulation is not well understood. On the basis of data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we predicted that miR520d-3p would be a potent inhibition of EphA2. To investigate interaction between miR520d-3p and EphA2, we first examined the mRNA level of these genes in 123 tumors of ovarian cancer patients. There was an inverse correlation between miR520d-3p level and EphA2 mRNA levels (p&amp;lt;0.001); and the prognosis of patients with high miR520d-3p expression was significantly better than those with low miR520d-3p (p&amp;lt;0.001). Next, we established stable clones over-expressing miR520d-3p in HeyA8 and SKOV3ip1 ovarian cancer cells, in which baseline EphA2 levels are high. Compared with parental cell and clones transfected empty vector, EphA2 protein levels were decreased by ∼60%. MiR520d-3p transfection also resulted in significantly decreased migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in orthotopic mouse models. Tumor with high miR520d-3p had decreased EphA2 levels and decreased microvessel density (p&amp;lt;0.01). In conclusion, miR520d-3p is a key regulator of EphA2 levels and may represent a novel therapeutic approach. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 141. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-141
543 INCREASED ENOS- AND DECREASED RHO-KINASE ACTIVITY ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PORTAL-HYPERTENSIVE GASTROPATHY IN HUMANEN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: J. Trebicka, M. Granzow, S. Klein, C. Wix, M. Hennenberg, B. Appenrodt, J. Heller, T. Sauerbruch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Drug inhibition of HDAC3 and epigenetic control of differentiation in Apicomplexa parasites
Authors: Alexandre Bougdour, Danièle Maubon, Patricia Baldacci, Philippe Ortet, Olivier Bastien, Anthony Bouillon, Jean-Christophe Barale, Hervé Pelloux, Robert Ménard, Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are parasites of major medical importance that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum of protozoa. These parasites transform into various stages during their life cycle and express a specific set of proteins at each stage. Although little is yet known of how gene expression is controlled in Apicomplexa, histone modifications, particularly acetylation, are emerging as key regulators of parasite differentiation and stage conversion. We investigated the anti-Apicomplexa effect of FR235222, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We show that FR235222 is active against a variety of Apicomplexa genera, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, and is more potent than other HDACi's such as trichostatin A and the clinically relevant compound pyrimethamine. We identify T. gondii HDAC3 (TgHDAC3) as the target of FR235222 in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and demonstrate the crucial role of the conserved and Apicomplexa HDAC-specific residue TgHDAC3 T99 in the inhibitory activity of the drug. We also show that FR235222 induces differentiation of the tachyzoite (replicative) into the bradyzoite (nonreplicative) stage. Additionally, via its anti-TgHDAC3 activity, FR235222 influences the expression of ∼370 genes, a third of which are stage-specifically expressed. These results identify FR235222 as a potent HDACi of Apicomplexa, and establish HDAC3 as a central regulator of gene expression and stage conversion in Toxoplasma and, likely, other Apicomplexa.
Patterns of Use of Antibiotics in Two Newborn Nurseries
Authors: Margaret R. Hammerschlag, Jerome O. Klein, Marguerite Herschel, Flora C. J. Chen, Romeo Fermin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Sepsis in the newborn infant may be defined as a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic signs of infection and accompanied by bacteremia in the first month of life. Despite the introduction of potent antimicrobial agents, the mortality of neonatal sepsis is 20 to 58 per cent.1 2 3 Early diagnosis of sepsis is difficult because signs are subtle and nonspecific. Criteria for therapy vary in different nurseries, but most physicians usually administer antibiotics to newborn infants at the least suspicion of sepsis because of the difficulty of clinical diagnosis and the high mortality. We undertook a prospective study to examine the pattern . . .
Economic evaluation of bivalirudin with provisional glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibition versus heparin with routine glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibition for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: David J. Cohen, A. Michael Lincoff, Tara A. Lavelle, Huei-Ling Chen, Ameet Bakhai, Ronna H. Berezin, Daniel Jackman, Ian J. Sarembock, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
High levels of the BCR/ABL oncoprotein are required for the MAPK-hnRNP-E2–dependent suppression of C/EBPα-driven myeloid differentiation
Authors: Ji Suk Chang, Ramasamy Santhanam, Rossana Trotta, Paolo Neviani, Anna M. Eiring, Edward Briercheck, Mattia Ronchetti, Denis C. Roy, Bruno Calabretta, Michael A. Caligiuri, Danilo Perrotti
Journal: Blood (2007)
In vivo genetic mutations define predominant functions of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus p12I protein
Authors: Risaku Fukumoto, Vibeke Andresen, Izabela Bialuk, Valentina Cecchinato, Jean-Claude Walser, Valerio W. Valeri, Julie M. Nauroth, Antoine Gessain, Christophe Nicot, Genoveffa Franchini
Journal: Blood (2008)
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE ON THE OBSERVATIONAL AND PRACTICAL TASK DIFFICULTY
Authors: S Hoshino
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Players often observe games of the opponents before competing and may compare the own skill levels with the opponents’ skills (degree of task difficulty). However, even though they have the image of the opponents’ skills, players often cause confusion during the actual game. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychophysiological relationship between a task difficulty and a cardiovascular response from the point of an observation and a practice. In relation to the active coping approach to cardiovascular adjustments, motivational intensity has been operationalized by means of β-adrenaline influenced cardiovascular indices: particularly, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased HR with the level of task difficulty. Low cardiovascular reactivity is observed for tasks that are easy or impossible. High cardiovascular reactivity is observed in conditions of high difficulty or importance of success. In this study, Japanese university table tennis players (4 men and 7 women) were employed as the subjects. Experimental tasks were to evaluate the task difficulties and the prospect of success in the 5-ways of throwing a ball. And two conditions were set from the point of the observer and player. Psychological indices were measured a subjective task difficulty, a prospect of success, a motivational level, an arousal level, a hedonic tone, and the emotional states (excitement, anxiety, relaxation, boredom) by marking a 120-mm line visual analogue scales. Physiological indices were measured a systolic and a diastolic blood pressure and IBI by means of a continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitor. Spearman's correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationship between psychological and physiological indices. As a result, in both of the observational condition and the practical condition, the increase in blood pressure with increasing level of arousal, decrease in blood pressure with increasing level of unpleasant tendency was observed.
Impaired development of V gamma 3 dendritic epidermal T cells in p56lck protein tyrosine kinase-deficient and CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient mice.
Authors: K Kawai, K Kishihara, T J Molina, V A Wallace, T W Mak, P S Ohashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

To determine whether p56lck protein tyrosine kinase and CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase are involved in the signal transduction during intrathymic differentiation of gamma/delta T cells, we have examined the development of T cells expressing V gamma 3 T cell receptor (TCR) in mice deficient for either protein. The skin from both mice contained significantly reduced numbers of dendritic epidermal T cells expressing decreased levels of V gamma 3 TCR at the cell surface. Analysis of the fetal thymus from these mice suggested that maturation of V gamma 3 thymocytes was blocked at the immature stage that was characterized by the low level of V gamma 3 TCR and the high level of heat stable antigen. These results imply that both p56lck and CD45 are involved in the signal transduction during maturation of V gamma 3 T cells in the fetal thymus.
Nephrotic Syndrome in the Elderly
Authors: I. W. Fawcett, P. J. Hilton, N. F. Jones, A. J. Wing
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Though the nephrotic syndrome is generally believed to be uncommon in the elderly, patients aged 60 years or more accounted for 25 out of 100 consecutive adult cases. Six (24%) of these had the minimal change lesion, compared with 16% of the younger adults. The incidence of membranous glomerulonephritis was similar in the two age groups, but proliferative glomerulonephritis was more common in the younger (29%) than in the older group (16%). Amyloidosis did not have a higher incidence in the higher age group. Five of the elderly patients with minimal change lesion were treated with prednisone—in four a complete remission from the nephrotic syndrome followed, while the fifth patient9s course is unknown. These results suggest that, when the patient9s other circumstances allow, the nephrotic syndrome in an elderly patient should be investigated and managed as in younger age groups.
Urban Area Disadvantage and Under-5 Mortality in Nigeria: The Effect of Rapid Urbanization
Authors: Diddy Antai, Tahereh Moradi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundLiving in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas is associated with increased childhood mortality risks. As city living becomes the predominant social context in low- and middle-income countries, the resulting rapid urbanization together with the poor economic circumstances of these countries greatly increases the risks of mortality for children < 5 years of age (under-5 mortality).ObjectiveIn this study we examined the trends in urban population growth and urban under-5 mortality between 1983 and 2003 in Nigeria. We assessed whether urban area socioeconomic disadvantage has an impact on under-5 mortality.MethodsUrban under-5 mortality rates were directly estimated from the 1990, 1999, and 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed on data for 2,118 children nested within data for 1,350 mothers, who were in turn nested within data for 165 communities.ResultsUrban under-5 mortality increased as urban population steadily increased between 1983 and 2003. Urban area disadvantage was significantly associated with under-5 mortality after adjusting for individual child- and mother-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.ConclusionsSignificant relative risks of under-5 deaths at both individual and community levels underscore the need for interventions tailored toward community- and individual-level interventions. We stress the need for further studies on community-level determinants of under-5 mortality in disadvantaged urban areas.
Immunity to Cancer
Authors: J. A. Barclay
Journal: BMJ (1969)

These were the war and postwar years when refined sugar was rationed and our bread contained more natural fibre.The correction of colonic stasis by the addition of sufficient bran to the diet relieves the pain of diverticular disease.Therefore, not only is there a great deal of evidence that a low residue diet causes the disease, but also that a high residue diet would prevent its appearance.Furthermore, the addition of roughage to the diet in the form of wholemeal bread and additional bran is of benefit even when the disease is already established and is causing symptoms.-Iam, etc.,
Book: Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century
Authors: A. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Institute of Medicine National Academy Press, $44.95, pp 364 ISBN 0 309 07280 8 See http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10027.html for ordering details Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img> ![Graphic][4]</img> Even with catchy titles, committee reports are unlikely bestsellers. This one has the background and intention to be different. The committee members, who were appointed by the US National Academy of Science for their creative thinking and knowledge of medicine, healthcare, and commerce, provide excellently researched evidence for the failure of the US healthcare system. They justify radical change and establish six aims and 10 simple rules for a completely different … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Validation of the proximal flow convergence method. Calculation of orifice area in patients with mitral stenosis.
Authors: L Rodriguez, J D Thomas, V Monterroso, A E Weyman, P Harrigan, L N Mueller, R A Levine
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It has been proposed recently that measuring the flow convergence region proximal to an orifice by Doppler flow mapping can provide a means of calculating regurgitant flow rate. Although verified in experimental models, this approach is difficult to validate clinically because there is no ideal gold standard for regurgitant flows in patients. However, this method also can be used to derive cardiac output or flow rate proximal to stenotic orifices and therefore to calculate their areas by the continuity equation (area = flow rate/velocity). Applying this method in mitral stenosis would provide a unique way of validating the underlying concept because the predicted areas could be compared with those measured directly by planimetry. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 40 patients with mitral stenosis using imaging and Doppler echocardiography. Doppler color flow recordings of mitral inflow were obtained from the apex, and the radius of the proximal flow convergence region was measured at its peak diastolic value from the orifice to the first color alias along the axis of flow. Flow rate was calculated assuming uniform radial flow convergence toward the orifice, modified by a factor that accounted for the inflow funnel angle formed by the mitral leaflets. Mitral valve area was then calculated as peak flow rate divided by peak velocity by continuous-wave Doppler. The calculated areas agreed well with those from three comparative techniques over a range of 0.5 to 2.2 cm2: 1) cross-sectional area by planimetry (y = 1.08x-0.13, r = .91, SEE = 0.21 cm2); 2) area derived from the Doppler pressure half-time (y = 1.02x-0.14, r = .89, SEE = 0.24 cm2); and 3) area calculated by the Gorlin equation in the 26 patients who underwent catheterization (y = 0.89x + 0.08, r = .86, SEE = 0.24 cm2). Agreement with planimetry was similar for 22 patients with mitral regurgitation and 18 without it (P &gt; .6), as well as for 6 in atrial fibrillation (P &gt; .2). CONCLUSIONS These results validate the proximal flow convergence concept in the clinical setting and also demonstrate that it can be extended to orifice area calculation using the continuity equation.
An orally active chemokine receptor CCR2 antagonist prevents glomerulosclerosis and renal failure in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sufyan G. Sayyed, Mi Ryu, Onkar P. Kulkarni, Holger Schmid, Julia Lichtnekert, Sabine Grüner, Luke Green, Patrizio Mattei, Guido Hartmann, Hans-Joachim Anders
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Magnitude and distribution of linkage disequilibrium in population isolates and implications for genome-wide association studies
Authors: Joseph DeYoung, Maria Karayiorgou, J Louw Roos, Herman Pretorious, Gabriel Bedoya, Jorge Ospina, Andres Ruiz-Linares, António Macedo, Joana Almeida Palha, Peter Heutink, Yurii Aulchenko, Ben Oostra, Cornelia van Duijn, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Teppo Varilo, Lynette Peddle, Proton Rahman, Giovanna Piras, Maria Monne, Sarah Murray, Luana Galver, Leena Peltonen, Chiara Sabatti, Andrew Collins, Nelson Freimer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Validity of the uniform mixing assumption: determining human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Authors: N E Klepeis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

When using the mass balance equation to model indoor air quality, the primary assumption is that of uniform mixing. Different points in a single compartment are assumed to have the same instantaneous pollutant concentrations as all other points. Although such an assumption may be unrealistic, under certain conditions predictions (or measurements) of exposures at single points in a room are still within acceptable limits of error (e.g., 10%). In this article, three studies of the mixing of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) pollutants are reviewed, and data from several other ETS field studies are presented. Under typical conditions for both short sources (e.g., 10 min) and the continuous sources of ETS in smoking lounges, I find that average exposure concentrations for a single point in a room represent the average exposure across all points in the room within 10% for averaging times ranging from 12 to 80 min. I present a method for determining theoretical estimates of acceptable averaging times for a continuous point source.
Compromising mitochondrial function with the antiretroviral drug efavirenz induces cell survival-promoting autophagy
Authors: Nadezda Apostolova, Leysa J. Gomez-Sucerquia, Anna Gortat, Ana Blas-Garcia, Juan V. Esplugues
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatotoxicity is a very common side effect associated with the pharmacological treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Efavirenz (EFV) is the most widely used nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor administered for the control of HIV and some of its toxic effects in hepatic cells have been recently shown to display features of mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we studied the activation of autophagy and, in particular, mitophagy, the main mitochondrial turnover mechanism, in human hepatic cells treated with clinically relevant concentrations of this drug. EFV-treated cells had altered mitochondria, characterized by a relative increase in mitochondrial mass and defective morphology. This was followed by induction of autophagy as shown by the presence of autophagic vacuoles and the presence of the specific autophagic marker proteins microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 and Beclin-1. Importantly, whereas moderate levels of EFV activated autophagy, higher concentrations led to blockage in the autophagic flux, a condition that promotes “autophagic stress” and produces severe cellular damage. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy exacerbated the deleterious effect of EFV on cell survival/proliferation promoting apoptosis, which suggests that autophagy acts as an adaptive mechanism of cell survival. Conclusion: Clinical concentrations of EFV induce autophagy and, in particular, mitophagy in hepatic cells. Activation of this process promotes cell survival, but exceeding a certain threshold of mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with an autophagic overload or stress. This effect could be involved in the EFV-associated hepatotoxicity and may constitute a new mechanism implicated in the genesis of drug-induced liver damage. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)