tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxidation-Specific Epitopes in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis Are Not Limited to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Kevin D. O'Brien, Charles E. Alpers, John E. Hokanson, Shari Wang, Alan Chait
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Previous small studies have demonstrated positive immunohistochemical staining in rabbit and human atherosclerotic plaques by antibodies that recognize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), but none have examined a large number of human coronary arteries or evaluated whether epitopes recognized by these antibodies might be present on plaque proteins other than OxLDL. Methods and Results Immunohistochemistry was performed on atherosclerotic (n=87) and nonatherosclerotic (n=51) coronary arterial segments from 20 patients by use of monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes on macrophages, smooth muscle cells, apolipoprotein (apo) B, and OxLDL. Staining with the OxLDL antibody (Ox5) was much more prevalent in atherosclerotic than in control segments. Extracellular Ox5 staining colocalized with apo B, but cell-associated Ox5 staining occurred in the absence of cell-associated apo B staining, which suggests that cell-associated epitopes for Ox5 were on proteins other than LDL. Epitopes for Ox5 formed in vitro on two readily available non–apo B proteins, human serum albumin and apo A-I, when these proteins were incubated under conditions of oxidant stress with polyunsaturated but not monounsaturated fatty acids; furthermore, an antioxidant inhibited Ox5 epitope formation. Thus, epitopes for Ox5 can form on proteins other than apo B. Also, phorbol ester–treated macrophages cultured in apo B–free medium developed epitopes for Ox5. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is associated with oxidative modification of proteins in addition to LDL, particularly cell-associated proteins, and that the antiatherosclerotic effects of antioxidants seen in some studies may not be solely due to prevention of LDL oxidation.
Relationship of changes in maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness to changes in cardiovascular disease and non[ndash ]insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus risk factors with endurance training: The HERITAGE Family Study
Authors: Jack H. Wilmore, John S. Green, Philip R. Stanforth, Jacques Gagnon, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur S. Leon, D.C. Rao, James S. Skinner, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Hypogastrinemia and Sphincter Incompetence
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The human gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a sphincter mechanism at each junctional area. Although the function of these sphincters is not entirely clear, there is reasonable evidence that their major role is to prevent the regurgitation of luminal contents from one portion of the gastrointestinal tract to another. Recently, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES),1 2 3 pyloric,4 , 5 choledochal (TM Lin, personal communication) and ileocecal6 sphincters have all been shown to respond to the gastrointestinal hormones. The responses of the sphincters to the hormones differed. The LES contracted in response to gastrin,1 , 2 but the choledochal,6 pyloric5 and ileocecal6 sphincters were inhibited by . . .
THE PRESENCE OF HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES IN MAMMALIAN SEBACEOUS STRUCTURES
Authors: ANITA V. MUIR, M. B. HODGINS, J. A. MILNE, H. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Histochemical localization of HSD activity was investigated in sebaceous glands in skin of rat, guinea-pig, hamster and gerbil. Rat preputial gland, hamster costovertebral organ and gerbil ventral gland were also used. Rat skin and preputial gland showed HSD activity with DHA. oestradiol and 5-androstene-3β-16β-diol-3 methyl ether substrates while testosterone was poorly utilized in the 17β-HSD reaction. Guinea-pig lip sebaceous glands showed HSD activity with DHA, oestradiol, testosterone and 5-androstene-3β-16β-diol-3 methyl ether. None of the other tissues showed convincing HSD activity with any of the substrates used.
Authors' reply to Dorsett
Authors: P. Roderick, A. M. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Dorsett’s dismissive tone is counterproductive, while his reasoning is both revealing and unconvincing.1 2

He writes that “Monitor’s role is to protect those services that commissioners designate as hard to replace.” This illustrates the central problem. It is not hard to replace only services that are important but all the services that currently must be provided. The first category is a subset of the second, and …
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Drugs
Authors: Stephen E. Epstein, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE concept that effector cells contain excitatory and inhibitory "receptor substances" and that the effects of epinephrine are dependent upon the types of receptor substances present was first suggested by Langley1 more than sixty years ago. This hypothesis received support in 1906, when Dale's2 comprehensive studies on the adrenergic blocking activity of ergot derivatives was published. Although these drugs completely antagonized and even reversed the excitatory actions of epinephrine they had no effect on the inhibitory actions. The only excitatory action of epinephrine that was not inhibited by ordinary doses of ergot was its stimulation of the heart. These results . . .
Where's the evidence for gluten sensitivity?
Authors: L. Elli
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Recently I have noticed a huge increase in the use of the term gluten sensitivity, which is alleged to cause non-specific and usually mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Abdominal pain and discomfort, dyspepsia, bloating, and meteorism are symptoms commonly attributed to functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS). Dietary change is well known to provide benefits in irritable bowel syndrome,1 and the condition sometimes responds well to a gluten-free diet. This is despite the absence of the histology and serology typical of coeliac disease—duodenal villous atrophy, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, and the presence of anti-transglutaminase type 2 IgA antibodies in sera. Genetically, coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity partially share the same susceptibility, although the HLA-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype is not necessary to develop gluten sensitivity.2

Gluten sensitivity implies gastrointestinal or extraintestinal symptoms that respond to …
Aortic Stenosis in Older Patients
Authors: Walter H. Abelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

When it is considered how narrow the opening is, which these constrictions leave, it is difficult to conceive how such an organic derangement can continue for years. It is evident, if such an obstacle to the circulation were suddenly introduced into a healthy subject, death would immediately follow; but as these obstacles are slowly formed, the circulation is gradually impeded, and nature seems in some measure to be habituated to such a perversion of her laws.Thus reasoned Corvisart,1 after describing the severely stenosed and calcified aortic valve of a 73-year-old washerwoman who died in Paris in 1803. Long survival, . . .
Intense Uptake of Technetium-99m Tetrofosmin by Lactating Breasts
Authors: WAKAKO YAMAMOTO, NORIYUKI SHUKE, KOKI USUI, TAMIO ABURANO, NAOFUMI TAKEHARA, KENJIRO KIKUCHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

A 38-year-old woman was hospitalized for syncope. Because an electrocardiogram showed intermittent ventricular tachycardia, myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m tetrofosmin was performed to screen for coronary artery disease. Left ventricular myocardial perfusion was within normal limits. However, symmetric bilateral breast uptake was noted. According to her clinical history, she had been breast-feeding her 5-month-old infant until this admission. In these circumstances, the breast uptake of Tc-99m tetrofosmin was thought to be physiologic and related to lactation.
Insulin receptor biosynthesis in cultured lymphocytes from insulin-resistant patients.
Authors: J A Hedo, V Y Moncada, S I Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In some patients with genetic forms of extreme insulin resistance, the cause of insulin resistance is a marked (greater than or equal to 90%) reduction in the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. In the present work, we describe studies of insulin receptor biosynthesis in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphocytes from three patients (A-1, A-5, and A-8) with type A extreme insulin resistance. Insulin receptors are composed of two major glycoprotein subunits (apparent molecular weight [Mr] of 135 and 95 kD), which are both derived from a common precursor molecule with Mr of 190 kD. In one patient (A-1), there was a marked reduction in the biosynthesis of both the 190-kD precursor and the mature receptor. Thus, in this patient, the defect appears to occur early in the biosynthetic pathway (i.e., before the synthesis of the 190-kD precursor). In contrast, in two sisters (A-5 and A-8) with type A extreme insulin resistance, biosynthesis of the 190-kD precursor proceeds at a normal rate. However, there appears to be a defect subsequent to the biosynthesis of the 190-kD precursor, but before the insertion of the mature receptor in the plasma membrane. Our observations suggest the existence of at least two distinct types of biosynthetic defects which may give rise to a marked reduction in the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. In addition, for comparison, we have studied receptor biosynthesis in cultured EBV lymphocytes from a fourth patient (A-7) with type A extreme insulin resistance. Although the cells of patient A-7 have a normal number of insulin receptors, we have detected subtle abnormalities in the posttranslational processing of the insulin receptor precursor, which may be a biochemical marker for a postbinding defect that causes insulin resistance in this patient.
La psychothérapie phénoméno-structurale
Authors: Roger Mucchielli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 La psychothérapie phénoméno-structurale Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Roger Mucchielli Roger Mucchielli Université de Nice, Nice Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1974) 24 (4-6): 381–383. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286769 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roger Mucchielli; La psychothérapie phénoméno-structurale. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1974; 24 (4-6): 381–383. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286769 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1974Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Glycemia, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, and Risk of Depressive Symptoms in Middle Age
Authors: Tasnime N. Akbaraly, Meena Kumari, Jenny Head, Karen Ritchie, Marie-Laure Ancelin, Adam G. Tabák, Eric Brunner, Isabelle Chaudieu, Michael G. Marmot, Jane E. Ferrie, Martin J. Shipley, Mika Kivimäki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The extent to which abnormal glucose metabolism increases the risk of depression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated prospective associations of levels of fasting glucose and fasting insulin and indices of insulin resistance and secretion with subsequent new-onset depressive symptoms (DepS).In this prospective cohort study of 3,145 adults from the Whitehall II Study (23.5% women, aged 60.6 ± 5.9 years), baseline examination included fasting glucose and insulin level, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-%IR), and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell insulin secretion (HOMA2-%B). DepS (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥16 or use of antidepressive drugs) were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up.Over the 5-year follow-up, DepS developed in 142 men and 84 women. Women in the lowest quintile of insulin secretion (HOMA2-%B ≤55.3%) had 2.18 (95% CI 1.25-3.78) times higher odds of developing DepS than those with higher insulin secretion. This association was not accounted for by inflammatory markers, cortisol secretion, or menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy. Fasting insulin measures were not associated with DepS in men, and fasting glucose measures were not associated with new-onset DepS in either sex.Low insulin secretion appears to be a risk factor for DepS in middle-aged women, although further work is required to confirm this finding.
Routine preoperative chest radiography in non-cardiopulmonary surgery.
Authors: A M Rees, C J Roberts, A S Bligh, K T Evans
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Preoperative radiography was performed on 667 consecutive patients undergoing elective non-cardiopulmonary surgery in a large hospital in Wales. Of all significant findings reported 54% were due to cardiomegaly and 19% to chronic respiratory disease, and no appreciable abnormality was found in any patient under 30. Out of a subsample of 152 examined prospectively, 38% had received a chest radiograph within the last year, and the maximum marrow dose had been exceeded in 12-5%. It is concluded that the procedure, as presently practised, is not only being considerably overused but is also exposing many recipients to the potentially harmful effects of over-irradiation. The findings provide further evidence in support of the Royal College of Radiologists9 proposal that a national multicentre study of diagnostic radiology should be set up with some urgency.
Women challenge Irish law on abortion in Europe on human rights grounds
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The strict anti-abortion laws of the Republic of Ireland were challenged this week at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg.

The grand chamber of 17 judges was told that the country’s virtual ban on abortion was endangering women’s health and wellbeing and forcing them to travel abroad for terminations.

Representing three women living in Ireland who had their abortions in the United Kingdom, senior counsel Julie Kay told the judges that all three women had to borrow money to travel abroad for “clandestine” abortions.

The women, backed by the Irish Family Planning Association …
The Revolution in Anaesthesia
Authors: M. Dawkins
Journal: BMJ (1947)

adrenalitie reaction as the first.Thus it has been established that, although the adrenaline content of the blood in the first cat was stil abnormally high, after an initial rise of pressure it did not further affect the blood pressure level.But after severing the nerves from the blood vessels of the ear, the adrenaline effect lasted for hours.It is quite clear that the vasoconstrictors and vasodilators counteract any factor which tends to produce abnormal pressure.The level of pressure is conditioned by the requirements of the body and not by abnormal substances in the blood such as adrenaline or renin, which tend to raise the pressure.This is the reason why it is so very difficult either to raise or to lower arterial pressure for any length of time.-Iam, etc., Liverpool.I.
Pain is an issue in renal impairment
Authors: Colette Reid, Jane Gibbins, Geoffrey Hanks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions Case reports were dismissed too quicklyEditor-The main difference between the replications by Loke et al of Venning's studies from the 1980s and the original is the evidence that is accepted as further follow-up. 1 Loke et al mention that 56 of 63 case reports on adverse reactions were cited at least once but accept only nine instances as valid follow-up: attempts at proof of mechanisms or controlled studies.However, unexpected adverse effects are by definition due to an unknown mechanism, and many established adverse effects still escape elucidation after years.Moreover, further accumulation of anecdotal reports can be sufficient evidence.A 10 year tally of 22 drugs that were withdrawn from the market showed that 18 were prompted by case reports and only four by a controlled study; for at least 13 the case reports proved sufficient reason for withdrawal. 2 A highly unusual event that is repeatedly reported in a recently marketed drug, in the absence of publicity, points to an exceedingly high relative risk, a good argument for cause and effect. 3 Moreover, these risks will be picked up spontaneously. 4 5 Apart from the nine instances of follow-up that were accepted by Loke et al, 15 datasheets were amended and seven BNP drug monographs changed.So, even with some overlap, close to half of the case reports were somehow sufficiently noteworthy to have had consequences.Given the small sample size, this is not far from Venning's original.It is a pity that Loke et al do not make all follow-up more explicit for all 56 instances that followed the 63 reports.Their overall conclusion that lack of follow-up means that case reports are of limited value is a non-sequitur.It shows that a more consistent scheme of hypothesistesting studies by industry, government, or third parties is needed instead of the current haphazard approach to drug safety.Such publications may alert and help clinicians in recognising potential adverse events in their patients.Often there is no other way of discovering something unusual.The record of systematic-that is, controlledpostmarketing surveillance in detecting unexpected adverse effects remains surprisingly poor.
Immunopathology of the Small-Airway Submucosa in Smokers with and without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: BORIS E. A. LAMS, ANA R. SOUSA, P. JOHN REES, TAK H. LEE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs mainly at the level of the small airways. In order to investigate the effect of smoking on small-airway submucosal immunopathology, we used immunohistochemistry in peripheral lung sections obtained at surgery from a group of smokers (n = 22) and from a group of nonsmokers (n = 22) that contained both ex-smokers (n = 17) and lifelong nonsmokers (n = 5). Subjects were also divided into those with (n = 19) and those without (n = 20) airflow obstruction. We found an increase in total eosinophils (p = 0.001) and activated eosinophils (p = 0.010), an increase in the CD8+/CD3+ cell ratio (p = 0.003), and a decrease in the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio (p = 0.005) among cells infiltrating the small-airway submucosa in an area 50 μ m deep to the basement membrane in smokers as compared with nonsmokers. There was also an increase in neutrophils (p = 0.019) when smokers were compared with lifelong nonsmokers. Neutrophil numbers correlated with numbers of eosinophils (p = 0.0003, r = 0.58). Furthermore, the CD8+/CD3+ cell ratio was related to pack-years smoked (p = 0.016, r = 0.36), months since smoking cessation (p = 0.003, r = 0.47), and number of infiltrating eosinophils (p = 0.007, r = 0.43) and neutrophils (p = 0.004, r = 0.44). These findings suggest that smoking induces movement of an inflammatory infiltrate into the submucosa of the small airway, the location of the increased resistance to airflow in COPD.
Regulation of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors by captopril. Implications for congestive heart failure.
Authors: A S Maisel, C Phillips, M C Michel, M G Ziegler, S M Carter
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The interaction of the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system in patients with congestive heart failure is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can resensitize the beta-adrenergic receptor system. Guinea pigs were given captopril, isoproterenol, or both for 2 weeks. At death, cardiac sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions and intact mononuclear leukocytes were prepared. Captopril treatment led to an up-regulation of cardiac beta 1- but not mononuclear leukocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors and an increase in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the heart. Animals treated with isoproterenol developed cardiac hypertrophy, had increased plasma norepinephrine levels, and had a decreased number and responsiveness of both cardiac and mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenergic receptors. Concomitant treatment with captopril attenuated alterations of heart weight, plasma norepinephrine levels, and cardiac beta-receptor density and function. In contrast to its cardiac effects, captopril treatment did not diminish the down-regulation of mononuclear leukocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors by isoproterenol. Our data suggest that captopril may resensitize the cardiac but not the mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system after long-term catecholamine exposure.
GLUCOSE AND INSULIN IN THE TREATMENT OF THE VOMITING OF PREGNANCY
Authors: E. L. KING
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The intravenous administration of glucose in the treatment of the vomiting of pregnancy was advocated in 1920 by Titus, Hoffman and Givens,<sup>1</sup>who reported the results they obtained in the management of seventy-six cases, the chief factor in the treatment being the free exhibition of carbohydrates. These patients were divided into three groups; thefirst comprised the cases that could be classed as mild; the second included the moderately severe types, and the third was made up of those patients who were seriously ill. In the first group were placed thirty-two of these patients. They were treated by rest in bed and free carbohydrate feeding. Small amounts of nourishment were given at frequent intervals, as it was found that the patients could retain seven small meals a day better than three rather bountiful ones. Some of the women also took 1 or 2 ounces (30 or 60 cc. ) of a