tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Who is a Diabetic?
Authors: THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorials1 July 1968Who is a Diabetic?THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-69-1-161 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor many centuries and until quite recently, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus has been easy. Aretaeus reported that the patient suffered from "a melting down of the flesh and limbs into urine" and that sooner or later "the melting is rapid, the death speedy." This unsatisfactory state of affairs stirred the continuing interest of physicians and eventually led to the momentous events of 1921. It soon became clear, however, that while insulin treatment rescued the diabetic from a speedy death, it left him liable to later crippling or fatal vascular disease. It has also become clear that there are many...Reference1. FAJANS SS and CONN JW: In On the Nature and Treatment of Diabetes, edited by LEIBEL, B. S., WRENSHALL, G. A., Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1965. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Glucose Tolerance TestInterferences in Diagnostic Biochemical ProceduresThe significance and interpretation of mildly abnormal oral glucose tolerancePeriodic Evaluation of OutpatientsSTANDARDIZATION AND EVALUATION OF THE ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TESTMedical Aspects of Oral ContraceptivesNEIL J. ELGEE, M.D. 1 July 1968Volume 69, Issue 1 Page: 161-163 Keywords Diabetes mellitus Insulin Urine Vascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cooling patients after cardiac arrest may prevent brain damage
Authors: Deborah Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Controlled hypothermia may reduce the neurological damage caused by cardiac arrest, but cooling needs to start rapidly to be feasible and practical, a new preliminary study has said ( Circulation 2001;104:1799-804).

Hypothermia has proved effective in limiting ischaemic neurological damage in various animal models but has not been widely used in humans. Although the exact neuroprotective mechanisms are unknown, it is likely that cooling slows metabolic processes and stabilises membranes by limiting free radical injury and enzymatic breakdown.

The preservative effect of cooling is well known, and physicians have long hoped to capitalise on it for patients with cardiac arrest or stroke.

Physicians from the departments of neurology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, and cardiology from the University of Texas Medical …
APPARATUS TO AID IN DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN AN OBSTRUCTION IN THE URINARY OUTLET AND PARALYSIS OF THE BLADDER
Authors: G. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Inability to void may be due to an obstruction somewhere in the urinary outlet or to muscular weakness of the bladder. In not a few instances, patients have come under my care who have undergone an operation for a supposed prostatic obstruction, whereas in reality the condition had been due to a partial paralysis of the bladder muscle. In order to aid the diagnosis in these obscure cases and to study the bladder function with more precision, I have devised an instrument, which is represented in the accompanying illustration. <h3>DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENT</h3> The instrument consists of a catheter (<i>A</i>), a two-way cock with three openings (<i>B</i>), a wide-mouthed 2-ounce bottle with rubber cork (<i>C</i>), an ordinanry blood pressure gage (<i>D</i>), and a piece of rubber tubing,(<i>E</i>) for the purpose of introducing fluid into the bladder or letting it out. Connections are made with rubber and
Prediction of late survival in patients with mitral valve disease from clinical, hemodynamic, and quantitative angiographic variables.
Authors: K E Hammermeister, L Fisher, W Kennedy, S Samuels, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Late follow-up (average = 7.2 years) has been obtained in 249 patients with mitral valve disease who had quantitative angiographic assessment of left ventricular function at thetime of initial catheterization in the 1960s. Surgically treated patients with mitral valve disease had significantly improved survival as compared to medically treated patients with mitral disease. The subgroup with mixed mitral stenosis and regurgitation and the subgroup with moderate impairment of ejection fraction account for this improved survival in surgically treated patients, which occurred despite greater functional and hemodynamic impairment in the surgical cohorts. Using univariate life table survival analysis, ten variables were found to be predictive of survival in the medical cohort, and three in the surgical cohort. With multivariate Cox's regression analysis, end-diastolic volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference were significantly predictive of survival in the medical cohort; age was predictive of survival in the surgical cohort.
Effects of Dichloromethylene Diphosphonate on Serum and Urinary Calcium in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: ELIZABETH SHANE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of osteoclast function, was evaluated for its ability to lower the serum and urinary calcium in 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled, and cross-over in design. All patients received 12 weeks of Cl2MDP (1600 mg daily) and 12 weeks of placebo in a randomized sequence. The average serum calcium was lowered by Cl2MDP from 11.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL to 10.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL (p < 0.001). In the 3-month follow-up after drug administration, the average serum calcium (11.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL) remained significantly below pretreatment levels (p < 0.01). The reduction in serum calcium was accompanied by a significant decline in the urinary hydroxyproline excretion from 37 ± 3 to 28 ± 2 mg/g creatinine (p < 0.01) and by a 40% reduction in the average urinary calcium excretion from 185 ± 29 to 113± 23 mg/g creatinine (p < 0.01) Administration of Cl2MDP was not associated with any significant changes in parathyroid hormone levels or in urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion. No side effects were observed. We conclude that Cl2MDP lowers the serum and urinary calcium in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Ventricular aneurysms complicating coxsackievirus group B, types 1 and 4 murine myocarditis.
Authors: M R El-Khatib, J L Chason, A M Lerner
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Suckling Swiss Webster mice were inoculated with 10(4)TCD50 of coxsackieviruses, group B types 1 or 4. Virulent necrotizing myocarditis resulted in 185 infected mice. Of the latter group, three (14.3%) nurslings on the 17th and 23rd day after inoculations had left ventricular aneurysms postmortem. None of 61 concurrently matched control mice developed aneurysms. Ventricular aneurysm is a suggested but previously undocumented complication of murine, and possibly human necrotizing transmural coxsackievirus myocarditis.
Relationship between idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic leukemia, and systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Chronic eosinophilic leukemia is a neoplastic condition with persistent eosinophilia as the major hematological abnormality and with the eosinophils being part of the neoplastic clone. Some cases can be recognized by traditional hematological criteria, but many can be recognized only when a clonal cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormality is demonstrated. A range of cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities has been recognized, including both those seen in other myeloid malignancies (such as trisomy 8, monosomy 7, and 20q−) and those that are particularly linked to eosinophil differentiation (such as rearrangements of PDGFRB , FGFR1 , and PDGFRA , the latter with formation of a FIP1L1 – PDGFRA fusion gene). The discovery of the FIP1L1 – PDGFRA fusion gene has led to the recognition that many patients who would previously have been regarded as having idiopathic hypereosinophilia actually have chronic eosinophilic leukemia. The same fusion gene has also been found in patients with hypereosinophilia and atypical bone marrow mast cells but whether this syndrome should be regarded as a variant of eosinophilic leukemia or as a variant of systemic mastocytosis remains to be established. Am. J. Hematol. 77:82–85, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AN EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA CHARACTERIZED BY OEDEMA OF THE EYELIDS
Authors: N. I. Spriggs
Journal: BMJ (1908)

OEDEMA of the eyelids being a rara symptom of influenza, the following cases are deemed worthy of note: CASE I.-A woman, aged 37, suddenly developed oedema of the eyelids, and severe frontal headache, localized in the supra- orbital region.This oedema was not extreme, but there was oedema of the conjunctiva and a little injection of it also.
Diagnostic Conization of the Cervix
Authors: James Henry Ferguson, Paul E. Demick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A REVIEW of the recent literature indicates an increasing realization of the importance of cold-knife conization of the cervix for diagnostic purposes. In 1954 Thornton et al.,1 in a report of 30 patients who had intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix (in situ) diagnosed by punch biopsy, emphasized the necessity of a cervical conization; 5 of these women subsequently had invasive cancer found in the larger specimens obtained by conization.Scott and Reagan,2 in 1956, also demonstrated the value of cold-knife conization. In addition they pointed out the danger of using conization as definitive treatment for intraepithelial carcinoma of the cervix. In . . .
Tumor Necrosis Factor in Humans
Authors: Elizabeth J. Ziegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

When immune cells are stimulated in a variety of ways, they release soluble proteins called cytokines. Because of their far-reaching effects on many different types of cells and tissues, cytokines can be considered hormones. Among the cytokines, interferon and the interleukins are well established as important mediators of the inflammatory response. Only in the past decade has it been recognized that macrophages also make a cytokine that is responsible for most, if not all, of the major manifestations of endotoxin shock. The discovery of cachectin and of its identity with tumor necrosis factor engendered great excitement because it suggested new . . .
Free radical scavenging enzymes and G protein mediated receptor signalling systems in ischaemically preconditioned porcine myocardium
Authors: L.-X. Fu, K. A. Kirkeboen, Q.-M. Liang, K.-G. Sjogren, A. Hjalmarson, A. Ilebekk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Free radical scavenging enzymes and G protein mediated receptor signalling systems in ischaemically preconditioned porcine myocardium Get access Liang-Xiong Fu, Liang-Xiong Fu Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Correspondence to Dr Fu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Knut Arvid Kirkebøen, Knut Arvid Kirkebøen Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Qi-Ming Liang, Qi-Ming Liang Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Klas-Göran Sjögren, Klas-Göran Sjögren Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Åke Hjalmarson, Åke Hjalmarson Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arnfinn Ilebekk Arnfinn Ilebekk Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden: L-X Fu, Q-M Liang, K-G Sjögren, Å Hjalmarson; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway: K A Kirkebøen, A Ilebekk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 612–616, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.4.612 Published: 01 April 1993 Article history Received: 15 July 1992 Accepted: 03 September 1992 Published: 01 April 1993
Acupuncture: The Ancient Chinese Art of Healing.
Authors: Ilza Veith
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Acupuncture, the mainstay of traditional oriental therapy throughout the millennia, consists of the insertion of needles for various depths into designated parts of the human body. The rationale of this time-honored treatment is derived from concepts of ancient Chinese natural philosophy which today are obsolete in the land of their origin and totally foreign to the modern world. Despite this loss of philosophical background, acupuncture has not only remained highly popular among the peoples of the Orient, but it has recently gained a considerable foothold in Central Europe and Russia. The book here reviewed bears witness to the current practice of acupuncture in England. Its author, Dr. Felix Mann, is a London physician who received his training at Cambridge University and Westminster Hospital. Dissatisfied with the therapeutic limitations of modern medicine he spent several years abroad investigating foreign medical systems. In France he became so impressed with acupuncture that he
Malignant Degeneration in Dyschondroplasia-Reply
Authors: Richard Swarm
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Even with histologic study it may be difficult to distinguish benign chondromas from chondrosarcomas. Benign chondromas are about as cellular as normal cartilage and composed for the the most part of uniform cells with single nuclei in individual lacunae. At the other extreme are the cellular chondrosarcomas with pleomorphic and often multinucleated tumor cells. In between the extremes is a nearly complete spectrum of lesions of varying cellularity. In actual practice it is often difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors of cartilage since there is more of a continuous spectrum of these tumors than with some other kinds of neoplasms. Benign chondromas occur most commonly in the extremities. It is unusual to have a benign chondroma of the ribs or pelvic bones. Yet these are the sites where chondrosarcoma is most frequent. In classifying these tumors, anatomic site is important. In general, histologically identical lesions
Type 2 diabetes is a poor example of the overuse of surrogate markers
Authors: I. Dickson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

As a general practitioner with a special interest in type 2 diabetes, I believe that Yudkin and colleagues have chosen the wrong disease to argue the dangers of the overuse of surrogate markers.1 They do not mention the UK Prospective Diabetes Study, which had hard clinical end points and emphasised the importance of lowering blood pressure to decrease hard cardiovascular end points such as myocardial …
Doctors should help patients to communicate better with them
Authors: D. F Slowie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—When was the last time that you visited a doctor? Did you think that you were given all of the information you sought? Did you come away feeling there were still questions you wanted to ask but didn't for whatever reason? Did you feel vulnerable?

If you felt somewhat disempowered on considering your answers to these questions you are not unusual. If you went into your consultation armed with medical knowledge and still came away feeling less than satisfied consider …
Care of Demented Elderly Persons
Authors: RICHARD J. GOLDBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1981Care of Demented Elderly PersonsRICHARD J. GOLDBERG, M.D.RICHARD J. GOLDBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-6-781_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing in response to a recent article, "Dementia in the Elderly: An Analysis of Medical Responsibility" (1). Although this article accurately diagnoses the problems in the care of elderly demented patients, it does not go far enough in suggesting a remedy. No doubt the tremendous strain of taking care of such patients is an excessive burden on the physician, but this article continues to point toward the physician as being almost fully responsible for care of this group of patients. One of the greatest barriers to reasonable care is the unreasonable expectation that the physician...References1. CASSELJAMETON CA. Dementia in the elderly: an analysis of medical responsibility. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:802-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Trends in the Development of Primary Care; Report on a Working Group: 14. Copenhagen, Denmark: Regional Office for Europe, 1973. Google Scholar3. BERARDUCCIBLANDFORDGARANT MKC. The psychiatric liaison nurse in the general hospital. Gen Hosp. Psychiatry. 1979;66-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brown University Providence, RI 02902 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe care of patients with dementiaManagement of the FamilyEvaluation and care of elderly patients with dementia 1 December 1981Volume 95, Issue 6Page: 781-781KeywordsDementiaElderlyMotivationPatients Issue Published: 1 December 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Consequences of an Oversupply of Specialists
Authors: Matthew Menken
Journal: JAMA (1985)

DURING the past 15 years, there has been a large increase in the number of active physicians in the United States. Between 1965 and 1980, a 55.8% increase occurred, which represented a change in physician density from 140 to 195 per 100,000 population. 1 Large increases also occurred among nonphysician health professionals. In the years ahead, further large increases in the number of health professionals in the United States may be expected, as medical students and postgraduate trainees enter practice. A number of factors are likely to increase the demand for physicians' services during the next few decades, such as the growth and aging of the population and improvements in health technology and changes in the ways medical care is organized and financed, among others. However, a consensus is emerging that by the year 2000, the supply of physicians will be in substantial excess of requirements in the United States. The
The Landscape Within: An Inquiry on the Structure of Morality
Authors: William P. Deiss
Journal: JAMA (1995)

For well over 3000 years, members of our species have talked, written, and at times even thought long and hard over questions like "Why do we name things/ behaviors good?" or "What is it to be moral?" Before and since Plato, classical philosophers have not had to bother with the present explosion of knowledge in the various fields of science. It now seems obvious to most of us in biomedical science that many of these new insights into structure and function do have relevance to human behavior and morality. Dr Hoverman in this short book has modest goals, but they are directed toward integrating some of this new science into a better understanding of morality. His thesis is that the biological "landscape within" may contain one or more structures upon which nature and nurture play to generate moral thought and behavior. Since the universe works according to causal laws and
VIRAL hepatitis in solid organ transplantation other than liver
Authors: Anais Vallet-Pichard, Hélène Fontaine, Vincent Mallet, Stanislas Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage organ failure. Hepatitis virus infections, mainly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections still constitute a major problem because they are common in allograft recipients and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Recently, hepatitis E virus infection has been added as an emergent cause of chronic hepatitis in organ transplantation. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections has markedly decreased in patients who are candidates for transplantation since the introduction of screening, hygiene and prevention measures, including systematic screening of blood and organ donations, use of erythropoietin, compliance with universal hygiene rules, segregation of HBV-infected patients from non-infected patients and systematic vaccination against HBV. A liver biopsy is preferable to non-invasive biochemical and/or morphological tests of fibrosis to evaluate liver fibrosis before and even after transplantation. Treatment with entecavir or tenofovir is indicated in HBV-infected dialyzed patients who have moderate or severe disease (⩾A2 or F2 on the Metavir scale) in preparation for renal transplantation. Due to the risks of severe reactivation, fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis or histological deterioration after transplantation, systematic use of nucleoside or nucleotide analogues shortly before or at the time of transplantation is recommended (tenofovir or entecavir are preferable to lamivudine) in all patients, whatever the baseline histological evaluation. In HCV-infected dialyzed patients who are not candidates for renal transplantation, the indication for antiviral therapy is limited to significant fibrosis (fibrosis ⩾2 on the Metavir scale). Treatment must be proposed to all candidates for renal transplantation, whatever their baseline histopathology, and interferon-α should be used as monotherapy. After transplantation, interferon-α is contraindicated but may be used in patients for whom the benefits of antiviral treatment clearly outweigh the risks, especially that of allograft rejection. All cirrhotic patients, notably after solid organ transplantation, should be screened for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sustained suppression of necro-inflammation may result in regression of cirrhosis, which in turn may lead to decreased disease-related morbidity and improved survival. Finally, due to the high mortality after renal transplantation, active (namely without sustained viral suppression) cirrhosis should be considered a contraindication to kidney transplantation, but an indication to combined liver-kidney transplantation; on the contrary, inactive (namely with sustained viral suppression) compensated cirrhosis may permit renal transplantation alone. Organ transplantations other than kidney (cardiac or pulmonary transplantations) involve the same diagnosis and therapeutic issues.