tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Segmental Allergen Challenge Alters Multimeric Structure and Function of Surfactant Protein D in Humans
Authors: Elena N. Atochina-Vasserman, Carla Winkler, Helen Abramova, Frank Schaumann, Norbert Krug, Andrew J. Gow, Michael F. Beers, Jens M. Hohlfeld
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a 43-kD collectin, is synthesized and secreted by airway epithelia as a dodecamer formed by assembly of four trimeric subunits. We have previously shown that the quaternary structure of SP-D can be altered during inflammatory lung injury through its modification by S-nitrosylation, which in turn alters its functional behavior producing a proinflammatory response in effector cells.Objectives: We hypothesized that alterations in structure and function of SP-D may occur in humans with acute allergic inflammation.Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected from 15 nonsmoking patients with mild intermittent allergic asthma before and 24 hours after segmental provocation with saline, allergen, LPS, and mixtures of allergen and LPS. Structural modifications of SP-D were analyzed by native and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.Measurements and Main Results: The multimeric structure of native SP-D was found to be disrupted after provocation with allergen or a mixture of allergen and LPS. Interestingly, under reducing conditions, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that 7 of 15 patients with asthma developed an abnormal cross-linked SP-D band after segmental challenge with either allergen or a mixture of allergen with LPS but not LPS alone. Importantly, patients with asthma with cross-linked SP-D demonstrated significantly higher levels of BAL eosinophils, nitrogen oxides, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and S-nitrosothiol–SP-D compared with patients without cross-linked SP-D.Conclusions: We conclude that segmental allergen challenge results in changes of SP-D multimeric structure and that these modifications are associated with an altered local inflammatory response in the distal airways.
Differential Effects of Quinaprilat and Enalaprilat on Endothelial Function of Conduit Arteries in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Burkhard Hornig, Naoshi Arakawa, Daniel Haussmann, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, including impaired flow-dependent (endothelium-mediated) dilation (FDD). We have previously shown that ACE inhibition improves endothelium-mediated vasodilation in healthy volunteers. The present study was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition improves the impaired FDD in patients with CHF. Because their affinity to tissue ACE may influence the ability of ACE inhibitors to affect endothelial function, we compared the effects of quinaprilat (high affinity to tissue ACE) and enalaprilat (low affinity to tissue ACE) on FDD in patients with CHF. Methods and Results —High-resolution ultrasound and Doppler were used to measure radial artery diameter and blood flow in patients with CHF. The effects of intra-arterial infusion of quinaprilat 1.6 μg/min (n=15) and enalaprilat 5 μg/min (n=15) were determined at rest and during reactive hyperemia (causing endothelium-mediated dilation) before and after N -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA) to inhibit endothelial synthesis of nitric oxide. Quinaprilat improved FDD by &gt;40% (10.2±0.6% versus 6.9±0.6%; P &lt;0.01), whereas enalaprilat had no effect. In particular, the part of FDD mediated by nitric oxide (ie, inhibited by L-NMMA) was increased by &gt;100% with quinaprilat (5.6±0.5% versus 2.5±0.5%; P &lt;0.01). Enalaprilat had no effect on FDD even when it was infused twice in the same dose (5 μg/min) and up to 30 μg/min. The effect of sodium nitroprusside on radial artery diameter and blood flow was similar in patients treated with quinaprilat, enalaprilat, and placebo. Conclusions —Quinaprilat improves FDD in patients with CHF as the result of increased availability of nitric oxide, whereas enalaprilat does not. This observation suggests that intrinsic differences exist between quinaprilat and enalaprilat that determine the ability to improve endothelium-mediated vasodilation, ie, their different affinity to tissue ACE.
Abstract 2790: Localization of the binding site for Peloruside A and Laulimalide on beta-tubulin by physical and biological means
Authors: Adrian Begaye, Shana Trostel, Richard E. Taylor, David C. Schriemer, Dan L. Sackett
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Peloruside A (Pel) and laulimalide (Laul) are microtubule-stabilizing natural products that were discovered recently compared to more established agents such as the taxanes and the epothilones. The activities of Pel and Laul are synergistic with taxanes or epothilones but not with each other, indicating separate binding sites and distinct mechanisms for Pel and Laul compared to taxanes and epothilones. Hence the location and nature of the Pel / Laul binding site is of interest. We have identified this site by a physical method (mass spec H-D footprinting) and a biological one: isolating Pel-resistant mutants of human ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780 (1A9)). Four Pel-resistant lines were obtained with single-base mutations in class I β-tubulin which resulted in the following substitutions: R306H, Y340S, N337D, and A296S in various combinations. The mutations localize to the peptides identified by the mass spec method, and center on a cleft in which modeling indicates that the Pel and Laul side chains dock. The site is accessible from the outside of the microtubule and does not overlap the Taxol site on β-tubulin. The Pel resistant lines are cross resistant to Laul, but not to any other microtubule stabilizing drug, and show no cross-sensitivity to microtubule destabilizing drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2790. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2790
Congenital oesophageal stenosis caused by tracheobronchial structures in the oesophageal wall.
Authors: N B Ibrahim, R J Sandry
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Congenital oesophageal stenosis caused by heterotopic cartilage and other tracheobronchial structures in the oesophageal wall is a very rare condition. The first case was described by Frey and Duschl in 1936, and only 16 further cases have been reported since that date. We report two further cases of the anomaly. The first, like the majority described previously, was an isolated defect in an otherwise normal child. The second was associated with an oesophageal atresia with a tracheooesophageal fistula and multiple developmental anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diabetic neuropathy-I.
Authors: P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Diabetic neuropathyDiabetic neuropathy is of two kinds: the commonest is a diffuse Diffse olynuroath neuropa thy that affects peripheral nerves, chiefly of the legs, and the Symmtrial snsoy neropthyautonomic nervous system; a much less common form affects individual Autonomic neuropcihy nerves or nerve roots (mononeuritis) and has an entirely different course........ .. ....... ...
All data are not created equal
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

An inauspicious start to 2009, unfortunately. This issue may seem a little thinner than others we've recently published, as 4 articles that were previously accepted and scheduled for publication in this issue will not appear. We continue to screen all figures from accepted manuscripts, and we continue to find irregularities. In several cases, the alterations in the figures led to the discovery of some fundamental problems with the data. Many of the papers suffered from the same problems, and this led us to consider whether it was time to revisit some experimental basics.
Promotion of the induction of cell pluripotency through metabolic remodeling by thyroid hormone triiodothyronine-activated PI3K/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Mengfei Chen, He Zhang, Jie Wu, Liang Xu, Di Xu, Jingnan Sun, Yixin He, Xin Zhou, Zhaojing Wang, Lifang Wu, Shaokun Xu, Jinsong Wang, Shu Jiang, Xiangjun Zhou, Andrew R. Hoffman, Xiang Hu, Jifan Hu, Tao Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Research into neglected diseases falls for first time since 2007
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Global funding for research into neglected diseases fell in 2010, as the effects of the recession were felt. The United Kingdom was one of only a handful of countries whose contributions increased, according to the annual G-Finder survey (Global Funding of Innovation for Neglected Diseases).

This was the first year since the survey began in 2007 to show an overall fall. It would have been much greater but for an increase in spending by large drug companies that offset falls in government and philanthropic funding.

Total reported spending for the diseases covered in the survey was $3.1bn (£2bn; €2.3) in 2010, a fall of $109m (3.5%) on the 2009 figure. Though this might seem small …
Imatinib Mesylate in Patients With Adenoid Cystic Cancers of the Salivary Glands Expressing c-kit: A Princess Margaret Hospital Phase II Consortium Study
Authors: Sébastien J. Hotte, Eric W. Winquist, Elizabeth Lamont, Mary MacKenzie, Everett Vokes, Eric X. Chen, Shirley Brown, Gregory R. Pond, Anthony Murgo, Lillian L. Siu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity of imatinib in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland expressing c-kit. A high level of c-kit expression has been identified in more than 90% of ACCs. Imatinib specifically inhibits autophosphorylation of the bcr-abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, and c-kit tyrosine kinases. Patients and Methods In a single-arm, two-stage, phase II clinical trial, adult patients with unresectable or metastatic ACC measurable by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Group criteria and expressing c-kit by immunohistochemistry were treated with imatinib 400 mg orally bid. Response was assessed every 8 weeks. Results Sixteen patients have been enrolled onto the study; 10 were female. Median age was 47 years (range, 31 to 69 years). Median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 (range, 0 to 2). Fourteen patients had lung metastases, 14 had prior radiotherapy, and six had prior chemotherapy. Toxicities occurring in at least 50% of patients included fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, edema, dyspnea, and/or headache, usually of mild to moderate severity. In 15 patients assessable for response, no objective responses have been observed. Nine patients had stable disease as best response. Six patients had progressive disease after two cycles. Conclusion Because of the lack of activity, the study has been stopped after the first stage and additional evaluation of imatinib in this population is not warranted. Overexpression of wild-type c-kit was not sufficient for clinical benefit from imatinib in ACC. Accrual to this study was rapid for a relatively rare cancer, encouraging additional efforts to identify more effective systemic therapy for these patients.
Drop in GP registrars reversed
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A six year decline in the number of registrars in general practice in England has been reversed, although only by a figure of under 40.

The total of 1343 registrars in general practice on 30 September 1997 was still the second lowest for 10 years, according to an NHS census issued last week. Nevertheless, the health minister, Alan Milburn, welcomed the 2.9% increase between 1996 and 1997 and said that the government will build on this to boost recruitment of family doctors. It has put an extra …
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY UPON THE SIZE AND WEIGHT OF SOME OF THE ORGANS OF THE BODY
Authors: P. T. Herring
Journal: BMJ (1920)

THE following observations lhave been made on the female albino rat.The animals were healthy, closely related, and bred in this laboratory.Young femiiales of as near a size and weight as possible were selected from several litters and paired against one-another, each experimental animal and its control being sisters from the same litter.Nine pairs were observed.The control animals were segregated, and the others placed.with a healthy male.Towards the close of each pregnancy the pregnant animal and its control were killed by bleeding under an anaes- tlhetic.The length-of each animal from tip of nose to anus was measured, and tlhe weighit of the-animal less its uterine contents recorded.Tlle organs subsequently
Anti-TNF immunotherapy and tuberculosis reactivation: another mechanism revealed
Authors: Elizabeth A. Miller, Joel D. Ernst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Anti-TNF immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of some inflammatory diseases, such as RA. However, a major concern is that patients receiving this therapy have an increased risk of fungal and bacterial infection, particularly of reactivating latent tuberculosis (TB). In this issue of the JCI, in an effort to understand how anti-TNF immunotherapy affects host mechanisms required to control TB, Bruns and colleagues examined the effects of the anti-TNF therapeutic infliximab on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific human lymphocytes (see the related article beginning on page 1167). The authors report that a granulysin-expressing CD45RA+ subset of effector memory CD8+ T cells that contributes to the killing of intracellular M. tuberculosis is depleted in vivo by infliximab in patients with RA, and that these cells are susceptible to complement-mediated lysis in the presence of infliximab in vitro. The study provides insight into host defense mechanisms that act to control TB infection and how they are affected during anti-TNF immunotherapy for autoimmune disease.
Vascularised pancreas transplantation
Authors: R. Stratta
Journal: BMJ (1996)

biased outcomes.Furthermore, pooling of well reported primary data from trials can show how much outcomes vary, if at all, with different treatments and different characteristics for individual patients.Meta-analysis is a valuable technique.Like many innovations in medicine, it has gone through a cycle of optimism, inflated promises, and disappointment; as it reaches maturity, a more balanced view of its strengths and limitations is emerging.
Fine needle aspiration of breast lesions
Authors: S B Coghill
Journal: BMJ (1991)

exercise tests where there is no contraindication.We use (i blockers in addition to aspirin in patients with hypertension and angina and consider them in those whom we assess to be at high risk.In the remaining asymptomatic low risk group we do not think that the potential additional benefit from 0 blockers justifies their use.The potential side
Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulation on Patients With Cirrhosis and Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: María Gabriela Delgado, Susana Seijo, Ismael Yepes, Linette Achécar, Maria Vega Catalina, Ángeles García–Criado, Juan G. Abraldes, Joaquín de la Peña, Rafael Bañares, Agustín Albillos, Jaume Bosch, Juan Carlos García–Pagán
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Red cell ferritin and iron overload in heterozygous beta‐thalassemia
Authors: Martin B. van der Weyden, Hubert Fong, Lynnette J. Hallam, Christine Harrison
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Red cell ferritin was evaluated in 101 individuals with heterozygous beta-thalassemia to determine its clinical utility as an index for iron deficiency or overload in these subjects. The mean red cell ferritin for the total population was elevated threefold and showed a significant correlation with transferrin saturation, plasma ferritin, and HbA2 levels. Five of six subjects with reduced red cell ferritin had associated iron deficiency; a further five had iron deficiency and normal red cell ferritin. Normal red cell ferritin occurred in 51 subjects, and 44 had increased values. In the elevated red cell ferritin group, 21 individuals had associated normal plasma ferritin, and 23 had increased plasma ferritin. Only in the latter group was red cell ferritin significantly correlated with transferrin saturation and plasma ferritin. Ten individuals had a red cell ferritin greater than or equal to 150 attogram/cell, and liver biopsy performed in four showed grades II to IV iron overload. A clinical feature of subjects with both increased red cell and plasma ferritin levels was a high incidence of inappropriate iron administration. These findings suggest that red cell ferritin, particularly when combined with plasma ferritin, is a useful parameter for determining potential iron overload in individuals with heterozygous beta-thalassemia.
Understanding Estimates of National Health Expenditures Under Health System Reform
Authors: Tami Mark
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CASE OF DOUBTFUL SEX
Authors: R. M. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1853)

ORIGINAL COMMDNICATION8.-BIBLIO(GAPHICALNOTICES.AuoUST 19, ever three hours; and brandy in gruel and arrow-root, and strong beef-tea, to be given.The treant consited of ammonia, camphor, and opium, administered at intervals of thr hours.June 7th.IlIe had some refreshing sleep during the night.His countenance was this morning more cheerful.The breathing was not so difficult; the pulse was firmer.The wound was looking healthier.He was directed to con- tinue the same treatment in every respect.June 8th.He passed a comfortable night.The wound was discharging pus; and he had no pain in or about the surrounding parts.Pulse 80, full but soft.He was down stairs.The same treatmeint was continued.June 9th.He was in every respect as yesterday.The wound was looking healthy.He was ordered to continue
OVARIAN TUMORS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY; WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: C. S. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Within the last ten to fifteen years the management of this interesting and important, if somewhat uncommon, complication of pregnancy has become much more uniform, with a corresponding improvement in the prognosis. While formerly the let alone policy, the induction of premature labor and the puncture of the tumor were methods quite commonly employed, now the much better results obtained from ovariotomy are generally known and recognized, and this mode of treatment has been substituted for the others. Two questions of much interest are still undecided. One is, Which is the better route to reach the tumor, the abdomen or the vagina? The other is, What is the best time to operate? The following case is presented because it may have some bearing on these mooted questions and because the casuistic contributions are not yet too great: Mrs. C., aged 32 years, III-para. Family history good. Nothing abnormal in menstrual
Reactivity to potential cross‐reactive foods in fruit‐allergic patients: implications for prescribing food avoidance
Authors: J. F. Crespo, J. Rodríguez, J.M. James, P. Daroca, M. Reaño, R. Vives
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Prescribing therapeutic elimination diets in patients with fruit allergy should include recommendations on which other foods of the same family or group may be safely consumed. Evidence‐based data on the management of fruit allergy are lacking; therefore, advice may vary from just avoiding the offending fruit, to overly restrictive diets of the entire botanical family. The aims of this investigation were to assess clinical reactivity to potential cross‐reactive foods in fruit‐allergic patients, and the implications for prescribing specific therapeutic elimination diets. Methods: Sixty‐five adults diagnosed with clinical allergy to one or more fruits were evaluated for IgE‐mediated allergy to other related foods, which might share cross‐reactive antigens. Those with actual allergy to some Rosaceae fruit (including peach, apple, apricot, plum, and almond) underwent skin prick testing (SPT), food‐specific IgE assessment by the Pharmacia CAP‐FEIA system, and oral challenges with the entire group. For those with allergy to other fruits (chestnut, melon, banana, kiwi, or avocado) immunologic and clinical reactivity to all five were evaluated. Since a number of people in the study also had proven clinically allergy to some nut or legume (peanut, sunflower seed, walnut, pistachio, or hazelnut), the reactivity to the entire set was investigated. Results: Thirty‐four of those tested (52%) were found to be clinically allergic to more than one fruit, so 125 allergic reactions occurred in the 65 patients. Peach, melon, kiwi, apple, and banana accounted for 72% of allergic reactions. Forty‐two (65%) had sensitization to pollens, causing seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, and 18 (28%) were sensitized to latex. The 65 with IgE‐mediated fruit allergy underwent 351 additional SPT and food‐specific IgE determinations with potential cross‐reactive foods considered in this study; 223 (64%) of these results were positive. The routine challenges with potential cross‐reactive foods uncovered 18 further reactions in 14 (22%) out of 65 (to avocado in seven; apricot in three; plum in one; almond and peanut in one; banana and hazelnut in one; avocado, banana and kiwi in one). Only 8% (18/223) of positive results for SPT, or food‐specific IgE levels of greater than 0.35 kU A /l to potential cross‐reactive foods investigated in this study, were clinically relevant. Conclusion: Elimination diets that rely on total group avoidance, or only on the results of allergy testing, might have resulted in unnecessary restriction of 205 foods in the 65 people studied. The lack of routine oral challenges with related fruits—before prescribing dietary restriction—may have allowed 18 food reactions in one‐fifth (14/65) of patients to be overlooked.