tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microbial analysis of the upper respiratory tract to support the development of effective vaccine policy: a population-based pilot study
Authors: Abigail L Coughtrie, Robert N Whittaker, Nelupha Begum, Rebecca Anderson, Andrew Tuck, Saul N Faust, Johanna M Jefferies, Ho Ming Yuen, Paul J Roderick, Mark A Mullee, Michael V Moore, Stuart C Clarke
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Clorazepate in Epilepsy
Authors: Samuel Livingston
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are writing regarding the letter entitled "Clorazepate in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy" by Feldman (236:2603, 1976). In it, the author states that eight patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had personality changes characterized by depression, irritability, and aggressive behavior in association with clorazepate dipotassium (Tranxene) therapy in excess of 22.5 mg daily. In addition to clorazepate, all of the patients "were receiving other antiepileptic drugs, primidone [Mysoline] in particular." He reported that these patients experienced a "definite decrease in seizure frequency," but the behavioral disturbance was intolerable to them and their families. The behavioral aberrations disappeared following withdrawal of clorazepate, leading the author to conclude that this drug was the cause of the development of the personality changes. We would be very interested to know whether the seizures recurred at their previous frequency following discontinuation of the clorazepate regimen. If such were the case, we do not believe
SURGERY IN CANCER OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: O. S. Lowsley
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, March 7, page 855, is a statement with regard to cancer of the prostate. This statement is untrue, and I seriously object to having it go unchallenged, because there is no question of the fact that many patients with early carcinoma in our clinic have been cured by total radical perineal prostatectomy and seminal vesiculectomy, and I know that this is true in several other clinics. I hope that you will do what you can to correct this misstatement. The thing to be encouraged is that every male patient over 50 should have a rectal examination done; if there is a suspicious nodule present the patient should be sent to a competent urologist, who will proceed to take a biopsy, and if proved to be positive the biopsy should be followed by a total perineal prostatectomy and seminal vesiculectomy after the method proposed by
Dementia in the elderly: management.
Authors: T Arie
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Most demented people are at home. Dementia greatly increases the likelihood that an old person will eventually need institutional care, but it is not in itself grounds for removal from home; except where short-term hospital admission for investigation or treatment is necessary, the issue turns on the resources and tolerance available outside the hospital as much as on the disease itself. Thus in most case the doctor's job is to see that all available medical and social sources of help are deployed, and to co-ordinate and monitor their provision.
Enhancement of Cationic Antimicrobial Materials via Cholesterol Incorporation
Authors: Daniel J. Coady, Zhan Yuin Ong, Pei Shan Lee, Shrinivas Venkataraman, Willy Chin, Amanda C. Engler, Yi Yan Yang, James L. Hedrick
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Cationic antimicrobial materials are an attractive option for treating drug‐resistant bacteria. Their membrane lytic mechanism can provide broad spectrum antimicrobial activity while largely negating natural resistance development. Selectivity is achieved using non‐specific electrostatic interactions since microbial membranes display significantly more peripheral negative charge than due eukaryotic bilayers. Following membrane association, structural changes occur causing bilayer destabilization and cell lysis. Herein, antimicrobial effects of enhanced membrane assimilation are examined. Cholesterol, a functionalizable small molecule that assimilates abundantly within cell membranes, is chosen to increase membrane penetration ability to improve antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, cholesterol has an ability to template interesting nanostructures due to its propensity for rotative face‐on‐face stacking. The installation of cationic polycarbonates with systematically varied chain lengths from three separate cholesteryl initiators is accomplished using organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization. Introduction of cholesteryl oligomers into aqueous media creates “coin” shaped self‐assemblies possessing high exterior cationic charge density. Continued evaluation of these assemblies demonstrates broad spectrum activity against S. epidermidis , S. aureus , E. coli , P. aeraginosa , and C. albicans . Additional results show that, despite repeated sub‐lethal dosing, E. coli does not evolve drug‐resistance and maintains the wild‐type minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.3 mg L ‐1 .
In-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty.
Authors: C E Bredlau, G S Roubin, P P Leimgruber, J S Douglas, S B King, A R Gruentzig
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We prospectively recorded all in-hospital complications of the first 3500 consecutive patients to undergo elective coronary angioplasty (PTCA) at Emory University Hospitals from July 14, 1980, to August 28, 1984, by three operators. PTCA was attempted in a total of 3933 lesions, with a primary success rate of 91%. Multiple-lesion PTCA was performed in 401 patients, and PTCA of saphenous vein grafts was attempted in 172. No complications were recorded in 3116 (89%) cases, isolated minor complications occurred in 241 (6.9%), and major complications (emergency surgery, myocardial infarction, death) were observed in 145 (4.1%). Emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) was performed in 96 patients (2.7%), with a myocardial infarction rate of 49% (47/96), a Q wave infarction rate of 23% (22/96), and an emergency surgery mortality rate of 2% (2/96). Hospital discharge occurred within 2 weeks of attempted PTCA in 91% (87/96) of patients undergoing emergency CABG. The overall myocardial infarction rate was 2.6% (94/3500). There were two nonsurgical deaths, giving a total mortality rate of 0.1% (4/3500). Univariate and multivariate analysis of 3099 patients undergoing single-lesion PTCA identified five preprocedure predictors of a major complication: multivessel coronary disease, lesion eccentricity, presence of calcium in the lesion, female gender, and lesion length. Unstable angina, duration of angina, lesion severity, previous CABG, and vein graft dilatation were not associated with an increased incidence of major complications. The strongest predictor of a major complication was the procedural appearance of an intimal dissection. Intimal dissection was evident in 894/3099 (29%) patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaccines and Risks
Authors: Victor Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1996)

"IN LIGHT of the available scientific evidence on vaccines, the question for the media is how to report rare adverse events without distorting the public's perceptions of the true risk."<sup>1</sup>So ask Freed and colleagues writing in this issue ofTHE JOURNALabout the overreporting or misguided reporting of actual or feared reactions to vaccines, reporting that may discourage essential immunizations of children. The authors call on the media to report responsibly. The question, of course, is "how to report responsibly," and it is not a question for the media alone. It is also one for those who develop, manufacture, promote, and regulate vaccines, including the clinicians who give the doses or the injections. Do the media sometimes report irresponsibly on vaccines, without perspective? Yes. Do the media sometimes point out the merits of vaccination, the rarity of adverse events, and the unreliability of scattered cases and anecdotes? The
Abstract P3-14-08: Responses to Subsequent Anti-HER2 Therapy after Treatment with Trastuzumab-DM1 in Women with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: EM Olson, NU Lin, PJ DiPiro, J Najita, IE Krop, EP Winer, HJ. Burstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) can have clinical responses to multiple lines of anti-HER2 therapy. However, it is unknown whether these patients will derive further clinical benefit following treatment with the novel antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 (T-DM1), which has significant activity in trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients treated with T-DM1 monotherapy on clinical trials for HER2-positive MBC at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and characterized clinical outcomes during subsequent lines of anti-HER2 therapy. Response was determined by an independent and blinded radiology review using modified RECIST 1.1 criteria without confirmatory scans; patients without radiologic assessment were considered non-responders. Duration of therapy was defined from initiation of therapy until treatment discontinuation, and for patients continuing on therapy, times were censored at date of last visit; analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Results: We identified 23 patients treated on protocol-based therapy with single-agent TDM-1 and report on the 20 patients who had discontinued protocol, and hence, T-DM1 therapy. All patients received trastuzumab in the metastatic setting prior to initiation of T-DM1, with a median number of 6 (range 1-14) prior regimens. Most (75%) were taken off study secondary to progressive disease and the remainder discontinued therapy for toxicity. Of these 20 patients, 75% (15 of 20) received further therapy with or without anti-HER2 agents after concluding T-DM1; reasons for not receiving additional treatment after T-DM1 include death (3) and interruption of therapy due to physician or patient request (2). The majority (12 of 15; 80%) of patients treated beyond T-DM1 received a regimen containing either trastuzumab and/or lapatinib at some point during their course. Partial response to either first-or second-subsequent line(s) of therapy was seen in 5 of 15 (33%) treated patients, including 33% (4 of 12) who received a regimen containing trastuzumab and/or lapatinib (Figure 1). Three patients did not have radiographic assessments; however, all 3 demonstrated clinically stable disease (as determined by review of clinical data) to first treatment after T-DM1. Median duration of therapy to first-subsequent regimen after T-DM1 was 5.5 months. Of the 9 patients that received a second-subsequent regimen, the median duration of therapy to the second-subsequent treatment was 6.4 months. Conclusions: In heavily pretreated HER2-positive MBC patients, prior exposure to T-DM1 does not exhaust the potential benefit of ongoing anti-HER2 therapy with trastuzumab and/or lapatinib-based regimens. Maximum Decrease in Target Lesion Diameter Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-08.
Prescription Drug Abuse Rises Globally
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiotensin-induced hypertension and chemotherapy for multiple lesions of malignant melanoma
Authors: H. TAKEMATSU, Y. TOMITA, T. KATO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

By continuous infusion of angiotensin II, a marked increase in blood flow can be induced in tumour tissues, with no increase in normal tissues. This functional characteristic of tumour blood vessels, i.e., lack of autoregulation, has been utilized as an aid to chemotherapy by selectively enhancing drug delivery to tumour tissues. We describe our results in seven patients with malignant melanoma.
Novel T-Lymphocyte Population in Combined Immunodeficiency with Features of Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Daniel P. Wirt, Edward G. Brooks, Smita Vaidya, Gary R. Klimpel, Thomas A. Waldmann, Randall M. Goldblum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

THE diverse functions of T lymphocytes in the defense of the host are mediated by multiple subpopulations that are often classified by the pattern in which they express surface structures. Most mature, post-thymic T cells bear the alpha/beta form of the T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR α/β). These cells also bear either CD4 or CD8 — glycoproteins characteristic of the helper-inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic subpopulations, respectively. A minor subpopulation of circulating T cells bears an alternative, gamma/delta form of the T-cell receptor for antigen (TCR γ/δ), but most of these cells express neither CD4 nor CD8.1 Both TCR α/β and TCR . . .
Managing chronic diseases
Authors: Patrick White
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Managing chronic diseases Palliative care spectrum starts early onEditor-Palliative care does not start when a patient is dying. 1 A whole spectrum of palliation begins from the day of diagnosis of a potentially terminal disease, such as soft tissue sarcoma.Palliation, in the sense of needing to absorb what this means for the patient, becomes even then a medical imperative.The "How long have I got, Doc?" question may not be articulated, but it will be there and needs an empathetic response.Curative treatment is sought, but-with sarcoma-lung metastases signal the end of that phase and the beginning of palliative treatment.The doctor and the patient know the dragon can be disabled but never slain.Palliation is then partnership, working to decide what may be gained at what cost.(This may apply during curative treatment: to take chemotherapy drugs now "just in case," or to keep them for later?)Palliative treatment can be long (in sarcoma up to 20 years or more), or it can be brief.Its ending is not solely a medical judgment.Doctors may decide they can do no more, but active patients use online support groups, seeking new treatment options across the world.Patients may decide to end palliative treatment.Grown weary of painful chemotherapy offering diminishing returns, they may prefer a shorter but better life.Making that choice together is an aspect of palliation.When death is near, palliative care becomes terminal care.If throughout doctors and patients have aligned their understanding of the disease, and have taken decisions jointly, have explored the holistic meaning of disease in life and death, the palliative spectrum may offer healing if not cure.If, however, being palliative begins only when the patient is dying doctors cannot then meet patients, where they are most needed, in the ground of their being and their not being.
Signaling from Synapse to Nucleus: Postsynaptic CREB Phosphorylation during Multiple Forms of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Karl Deisseroth, Haruhiko Bito, Richard W Tsien
Journal: Neuron (1996)

Phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB is thought to be important in processes underlying long-term memory. It is unclear whether CREB phosphorylation can carry information about the sign of changes in synaptic strength, whether CREB pathways are equally activated in neurons receiving or providing synaptic input, or how synapse-to-nucleus communication is mediated. We found that Ca2+-dependent nuclear CREB phosphorylation was rapidly evoked by synaptic stimuli including, but not limited to, those that induced potentiation and depression of synaptic strength. In striking contrast, high frequency action potential firing alone failed to trigger CREB phosphorylation. Activation of a submembranous Ca2+ sensor, just beneath sites of Ca2+ entry, appears critical for triggering nuclear CREB phosphorylation via calmodulin and a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
1160-168 The estrogen-induced alterations in arterial stiffness are independent of the non-dipping status but attenuated by progesterone in hypertensive postmenopausal women
Authors: C Tsioufis, K Tzioumis, A Hatziyianni, K Dimitriadis, E Taxiarchou, D Hatzis, C Stefanadis, I Kallikazaros, P Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Does Oral Folic Acid Lower Total Homocysteine Levels and Improve Endothelial Function in Children With Chronic Renal Failure?
Authors: K. Bennett-Richards, M. Kattenhorn, A. Donald, G. Oakley, Z. Varghese, L. Rees, J.E. Deanfield
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Accelerated vascular disease is common in chronic renal failure (CRF) and accounts for significant mortality and morbidity. Elevated homocysteine levels may contribute by an effect on endothelial function.We performed a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial of folic acid at 5 mg/m2 in 25 normotensive children 12+/-3 (7 to 17) years of age with CRF (glomerular filtration rate 26.8+/-13.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2) of noninflammatory etiology. Each subject underwent two 8-week periods of folic acid and placebo separated by an 8-week washout period. The effect of folic acid on homocysteine levels, LDL oxidation, and both endothelial-dependent and -independent vascular function were measured. After oral folic acid, serum folate levels rose from 11.7+/-4.25 to 635+/-519 microg/L (P=0.001), red cell folate levels rose from 364+/-195 to 2891+/-2623 microg/L (P<0.001), and total homocysteine levels fell from 10.28+/-4.16 to 8.62+/-2.32 micromol/L (P=0.03). In addition, there was a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) (endothelial-dependent dilatation) from 7.21+/-2.8% to 8.47+/-3.01% (P=0.036) with no change in response to glyceryl trinitrate (endothelial-independent dilatation). There was no significant change in FMD or glyceryl trinitrate during the placebo phase. There was, however, no significant difference in final FMD after placebo or folic acid. Lag times for LDL oxidation were prolonged during the treatment phase (58.4+/-18.7 to 68.1+/-25.9 minutes, P=0.01).Folic acid supplementation in children with CRF may improve endothelial function with an increased resistance of LDL to oxidation.
Time Course of Sleep-related Breathing Disorders in First-Ever Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: OLGA PARRA, ADRIÁ ARBOIX, SIRAJ BECHICH, LUIS GARCÍA-EROLES, JOSEP M. MONTSERRAT, JOSEP ANTONI LÓPEZ, EUGENI BALLESTER, JOSEP M. GUERRA, JUAN JOSÉ SOPEÑA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To investigate the prevalence and behavior of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) associated with a first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), we prospectively studied 161 consecutive patients admitted to our stroke unit. Complete neurological assessment was performed to determine parenchymatous and vascular localization of the neurological lesion. Stroke subtype was categorized as TIA, ischemic (IS), or hemorrhagic (HS). A portable respiratory recording (PRR) study was performed within 48–72 h after admission (acute phase), and subsequently after 3 mo (stable phase). During the acute phase, 116 patients (71.4%) had an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 10 events/h and 45 (28%) had an AHI > 30. No relationships were found between sleep-related respiratory events and the topographical parenchymatous location of the neurological lesion or vascular involvement. Cheyne–Stokes breathing (CSB) was observed in 42 cases (26.1%). There were no significant differences in SRBD according to the stroke subtype except for the central apnea index (CAI). During the stable phase a second PRR was performed in 86 patients: 53 of 86 had an AHI > 10 and 17 of 86 had an AHI > 30. The AHI and CAI were significantly lower than those in the acute phase (16.9 ± 13.8 versus 22.4 ± 17.3 and 3.3 ± 7.6 versus 6.2 ± 10.2, respectively) (p < 0.05) while the obstructive apnea index (OAI) remained unchanged. CSB was observed in 6 of 86 patients. The prevalence of SRBD in patients with first-ever stroke or TIA is higher than expected from the available epidemiological data in our country. No correlation was found between neurological location and the presence or type of SRBD. Obstructive events seem to be a condition prior to the neurological disease whereas central events and CSB could be its consequence. Parra O, Arboix A, Bechich S, Garcı́a-Eroles L, Montserrat JM, López JA, Ballester E, Guerra JM, Sopeña JJ. Time course of sleep-related breathing disorders in first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack.
A Functional Approach to Neuroanatomy
Authors: Robert E. McMasters
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The format of the second edition closely follows that which the authors introduced in their first edition seven years ago. The fact that a revision appears at this time supports the continued need and demand for this type of book, and many who feel that anatomy is static should welcome the changes which are present and which reflect the continuing research in this area. In particular, advances in electron microscopy and new data based upon the use of degenerative silver techniques (Nauta-Gygax method, etc) are apparent. This 550-page book is profusely illustrated, primarily by the superb drawings and diagrams of Dr. Pansky, but the lack of photographic illustrations is unfortunate. Drawings alone tend to over-simplify, and the contrast between different types of illustrations often provides the student with variations which improve his ability to grasp the complexities of neuroanatomy. A number of x-ray reproductions have been added, and these should
Architectonics of Human Cerebral Fiber Systems
Authors: Gerhardt von Bonin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is a beautiful atlas of the fiber systems of the human telencephalon, concentrating naturally on the white matter of the endbrain. Its main body consists of 148 plates in collotype, partly photographs of sections, partly drawings in the excellent style of Krieg, well known from his<i>Functional Neuroanatomy</i>and his many previous writings on the rat and the macaque brains. The book is primarily concerned with the course and relations of the fibers rather than with the connections. It deals not only with the adult brain, but also, in great detail, with the development of the brain, starting with embryos of about 90 mm crown-rump length. Many fiber systems are much more clearly outlined in the embryo and the fetus because the myelination of the different systems occurs at different times. The text, 52 large pages, systematizes the results. The first chapter briefly summarizes the development of the fiber