tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
La capsule colique PillCam Colon® permet-elle de sélectionner les indications de coloscopie pour le dépistage du cancer colo-rectal?
Authors: G Gay, M Delvaux, M Frederic, I Fassler
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Le dépistage du cancer colo-rectal (CRC) est actuellement réalisé par le test Haemocult® suivi d'une coloscopie si le résultat est positif. Les patients ayant des antécédents personnels ou familiaux de CRC ou de polypes sont explorés d'emblée par coloscopie. Des études préliminaires ont montré la faisabilité de la capsule endoscopique colique (CE) (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israël) pour l'exploration du côlon. Le but de cette étude était donc d'évaluer la valeur prédictive de la CE pour détecter les lésions coliques et ainsi, sélectionner les patients nécessitant une coloscopie dans le cadre du dépistage du CRC.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Radiographic and Scintigraphic Patterns of Histologic Subtypes
Authors: Stuart Rich, Giuseppe G. Pietra, Karen Kieras, Kimberley Hart, Bruce H. Brundage
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The chest radiograph and perfusion lung scans were evaluated in 39 consecutive patients with primary pulmonary hypertension to see if these noninvasive methods could distinguish among the histologic subtypes. Chest radiographs were categorized as having either normal lung fields or increased bronchovascular markings. Blood flow on lung scans was graded as normal or as having diffuse, nonsegmental, patchy abnormalities. These patterns were then correlated against pathologic specimens obtained from 19 patients, which were graded on vascular changes and microthrombi. Plexogenic arteriopathy was characterized by a normal chest radiograph and normal distribution of tracer on lung scan. Thromboembolism was characterized by a normal chest radiograph but patchy distribution of tracer on lung scan. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease was characterized by increased bronchovascular markings on chest radiograph as well as patchy distribution of tracer on lung scan. Distinguishing patients on the basis of their histologic characteristics may be important so that vasodilators or anticoagulants can be selected as therapy.
Toward cell transfer immunotherapy against patient-specific mutations in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Eric Tran, Mojgan Ahmadzadeh, Alena Gros, Simon Turcotte, Paul F Robbins, Yong Chen Lu, Yong Li, John Wunderlich, Jared Gartner, Katherine Hogan, James Yang, Steven Rosenberg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Accumulating evidence suggests that the efficacy of ACT in melanoma is mediated by T cells that target somatic mutations expressed by the patients' tumors. Moreover, in one patient with metastatic epithelial (bile duct) cancer, we recently identified tumor-infiltrating Th1 cells
Platelet IgG Fc receptor
Authors: John G. Kelton, James W. Smith, Aurelio V. Santos, William G. Murphy, Peter Horsewood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract The glycoprotein localization of the platelet binding site for the Fc IgG has been the subject of debate. We attempted to resolve this issue by relating the binding of radiolabeled IgG immune complexes composed of heat‐aggregated IgG to platelets from 1) healthy individuals; 2) an individual with Bernard‐Soulier syndrome lacking glycoproteins Ib and IX; and 3) a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia lacking glycoproteins IIb and IIIa. The binding of IgG complexes to platelets was determined by measuring the specific binding of radiolabeled heat‐aggregated IgG to washed platelets in a plasma‐free mileu. 125 I aggregated IgG bound to normal platelets in a saturable and concentration‐dependent fashion. Specific binding could be inhibited by a 50‐fold excess of purified Fc, but not by F(ab')2. Identical binding curves were obtained by using platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and a patient with Bernard‐Soulier syndrome, indicating that the platelet Fc receptor is not carried on glycoproteins Ib, IIb, IIIa, or IX. We then measured the binding of radiolabeled detergent‐solubilized platelets to IgG fixed to a solid matrix. A 40‐kD platelet fragment bound to the immobilized IgG following passage across a density gradient. Confirmation of the Fc specificity of the interaction was shown by inhibition of platelet glycoprotein binding by excess IgG or purified Fc but not F(ab') 2 . The electrophoretic mobility decreased slightly after reduction, which indicated the existence of at least one intrachain disulfide bond. Treatment with high salt solutions or urea did not solubilize the receptor, which indicated that it was an integral protein. Enzyme studies showed that the platelet Fc receptor was not digested by neuraminidase, but neuraminidase treatment altered mobility by about 3 %. In addition, treatment of platelets with trypsin or pronase did not affect its function as measured by the binding of 125 I‐IgG aggregates to enzyme‐treated platelets, but did prevent its detection when using radioimmunoprecipitation studies. The platelet Fc receptor is a 40‐kD, integral protein without interchain disulfide bonds.
The inhibitory effect of secretin on broth-stimulated gastric secretion in human subjects
Authors: M. Kamionkowski, S. Grossman, B. Fleshler
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The effect of intravenous secretin on broth-stimulated gastric secretion was studied in 10 adult subjects.Secretin significantly inhibited gastric acid concentration and output for at least 30 minutes following administration.These results were not due to neutralization by reflux of pancreatic juice since the volume of gastric aspirate and the combined acid concentration were less with secretin than during the control study.No difference was observed between the degree of inhibition of gastric secretion of two different preparations of secretin.These findings in humans are similar to those reported in dogs and indicate that secretin may have a physiological role in inhibiting gastric secretion.'Eight grams of dehydrated nutrient broth (Difco Laboratories) dissolved in 1 litre of distilled water and autoclaved for 15 minutes at 15 lb.pressure (121'C.).
Treatment of Hairy-Cell Leukemia with Chemoradiotherapy and Identical-Twin Bone-Marrow Transplantation
Authors: M. A. Cheever, A. Fefer, P. D. Greenberg, F. Appelbaum, J. O. Armitage, C. D. Buckner, G. E. Sale, R. Storb, R. P. Witherspoon, E. D. Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

HAIRY-CELL leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a disorder in which mononuclear leukocytes with characteristic filamentous cytoplasmic villae ("hairy" cells) accumulate in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. The typical presentation includes pancytopenia and splenomegaly, with hairy cells in the peripheral blood.1 2 3 4 5 The major clinical problem is infection attributable to defects in host defense,6 7 8 9 including either granulocytopenia7 or monocytopenia6 , 8 with impairment of normal monocyte function8 , 9 or both. The clinical course is variable but usually progressive and fatal, with a median survival time of four to six years after diagnosis.1 2 3 4 5 There is no known cure for hairy-cell leukemia. Although splenectomy10 and leukapheresis11 often . . .
Quantitative Assessment of Dietary Adherence in Patients with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nedra K Christensen, R Dale Terry, Sharon Wyatt, James W Pichert, Rodney A Lorenz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Research on the education of diabetic patients in diet management suffers from lack of an adequate method for describing patients' dietary behavior. In this report, a method is proposed for the quantitative assessment of dietary adherence in patients with IDDM. The method relies on comparisons between individualized diet plans and actual consumption as reflected by 24-h diet recalls. Data are presented that suggest this method has reliability and validity. In a sample of 97 patients with IDDM, nearly two-thirds adhered to the number and timing of planned feedings, while only about 10% of patients adhered to planned exchanges, 90% of the time. The average patient added or deleted one exchange for every four exchanges in the diet plan.
Evolution of the diatoms (Bacillariophyta). II. Nuclear-encoded small- subunit rRNA sequence comparisons confirm a paraphyletic origin for the centric diatoms
Authors: L. K. Medlin, W. H. Kooistra, R. Gersonde, U. Wellbrock
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

A phylogeny of the diatoms was inferred from comparisons of nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA coding regions using maximum likelihood, weighted maximum parsimony, and neighbor-joining distance methods with Jukes and Cantor, Kimura, Gamma, van de Peer, and LogDet evolutionary models. Analyses of 30 taxa in 11 orders recovered two clades (Clades I and II). Neither of these clades correspond to the three classes of diatoms presently recognized or to the traditionally recognized radially symmetrical centric diatoms or bilaterally symmetrical pennate diatoms. All analyses show that the centric diatoms are a paraphyletic lineage. Tests of alternative phylogenies that address existing hypotheses regarding diatom systematics with the maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods support the two clades. Clade I is defined by centric diatom orders with specialized tubes, termed labiate processes, located peripherally in the cell wall. Clade II contains (1) bi(multi)polar centric diatoms with centrally located labiate processes, (2) centric diatoms with other central tubes termed strutted processes, and (3) pennate diatoms. Morphological evidence from fossil assemblages and cytological architecture support the results of the molecular analyses, whereas morphological features of extant diatoms are too derived to resolve the deeper branches in the tree.
Abstract 4341: A novel sonodynamic therapy using hydroxyl radical generated from ultrasound activated TiO2 for human epithelial carcinoma cells
Authors: Osamu Itano, Tatsuya Onishi, Sachiko Matsuda, Tomonori Fujimura, Hiromitsu Jinno, Minoru Kitagou, Masahiro Shinoda, Shigeyuki Kawachi, Minoru Tanabe, Chiaki Ogino, Nobuaki Shimizu, Yuko Katagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract &amp;lt;Background and Objective&amp;gt; Radical oxygen species, which are produced by the action of some chemotherapy drugs, radiation and some types of anticancer agent, are known to mediate cytotoxic activity by modifying the cellular homeostatic redox balance. Photodynamic therapy uses photosensitizers activated by light to induce cell death via formation of free radicals and is actually used in clinical setting. However the limited tissue penetrability of light has been a crucial problem because most of cancers often develop in deep tissue. The generation of hydroxyl radical was investigated during ultrasonic (US) irradiation and in the presence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) (Shimizu, et al. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2008). In this study, the effect of US combined with TiO2 particles on human epithelial carcinoma cell (A431) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. &amp;lt;Methods&amp;gt; TiO2 nanoparticles used were uniform in size of about 200 nm in diameter. A431 (1.0x106) were irradiated with US in the various density of TiO2 particles (0 to 10mg/ml). Cell viability was measured immediately after US irradiation (1 MHz, 2.0 W/cm2 for 30, 60, 120 and 300 sec) by using trypan blue exclusion assay. The effect of the combination of TiO2 particle injection (0.1, 1.0 and 10mg, day5) and US exposure (1 MHz, 2.0 W/cm2, 5 min duration, day 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) on subcutaneously implanted A431 solid tumors in female BALB c nu/nu mice were investigated by measuring tumor volume. &amp;lt;Results&amp;gt; The cell viability was significantly decreased after US irradiation in the presence of high dose of TiO2. In vivo results also showed significant inhibition of tumor growth in groups treated with high dose of TiO2 particles and US. The efficacies of US could not be demonstrated combined with low dose of TiO2 particles.&amp;lt;Conclusion&amp;gt; Our results demonstrate the potent toxicity of TiO2 combined with US irradiation against tumor in vitro and also the growth inhibition of tumors in a mouse xenograft model. Moreover the cytotoxic efficacy of TiO2 was dependent on the amount of TiO2 particles attaching to cancer cells. These results suggest that the effective and low toxic method for accumulation of TiO2 in the tumor (injection, arterial injection, DDS, etc.) should be necessary for clinical use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4341. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4341
Desensitisation of neutrophil responses by systemic interleukin 8 in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: Y Dai, T P Dean, M K Church, J O Warner, J K Shute
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Inflammation associated with neutrophil infiltration is a commonly observed feature of children with cystic fibrosis. Production of the major neutrophil chemotactic cytokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) is potentially of great importance in the pathology of cystic fibrosis. Concentrations of IL-8 in both sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have been found to be higher in children with cystic fibrosis than in controls. The IL-8 induced chemotactic response and numbers of IL-8 receptors on peripheral neutrophils obtained from children with cystic fibrosis have been compared with a control group of children. METHODS--Cells were isolated from 18 patients with cystic fibrosis (aged 4-20 years) and 13 controls (aged 5-12 years) by dextran centrifugation followed by separation on Lymphoprep. Chemotaxis was assayed using multiwell microchemotaxis chambers and 5 microns polycarbonate filters. Filters were fixed and stained with Haema-Gurr for counting. Results were expressed as numbers of neutrophils per high power field (HPF). RESULTS--At the optimum concentration (1 x 10(-8) mol/l) the number of cells migrating were similar for controls (150 (12)/HPF) and for the cystic fibrosis group (140 (14)/HPF)). At lower concentrations the numbers of neutrophils migrating were lower for the cystic fibrosis group. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labelled IL-8 binding revealed lower numbers of receptors on neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis (22,000 per cell) than from controls (75,000 per cell). CONCLUSIONS--Reduced responsiveness to IL-8 of neutrophils from patients with cystic fibrosis is associated with receptor desensitisation as a result of exposure to high systemic levels of IL-8.
Reversible Renal Failure Following Intravascular Contrast Radiography
Authors: Rodney A. Appell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

INTRAVASCULAR iodinated contrast media are routinely used in radiographic examinations in the presence of renal failure and produce few serious side effects. However, they may precipitate acute renal failure.<sup>1</sup>The case of a patient with acute renal failure following arteriography emphasizes the conservative management of this reversible condition. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 64-year-old man was admitted to Yale—New Haven Hospital with a ten-year history of hypertension, which had recently become more severe. At the time of admission, he was receiving 250 mg of methyldopa four times daily and 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily. The patient admitted smoking 40 cigarettes per day and consuming beer heavily. His brother died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Physical examination showed a pulse rate of 90 beats per minute. Blood pressure taken while in the sitting position was 102/84 mm Hg in the right upper extremity and 240/90 mm Hg in the left.
Developmental cholinotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos.
Authors: T A Slotkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The stimulation of cholinergic receptors in target cells during a critical developmental period provides signals that influence cell replication and differentiation. Accordingly, environmental agents that promote cholinergic activity evoke neurodevelopmental damage because of the inappropriate timing or intensity of stimulation. Nicotine evokes mitotic arrest in brain cells possessing high concentrations of nicotinic cholinergic receptors. In addition, the cholinergic overstimulation programs the expression of genes that evoke apoptosis and delayed cell loss. Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors exhibit many similarities to those of nicotine. Chlorpyrifos administered to developing rats in doses that do not evoke signs of overt toxicity decreased DNA synthesis and caused shortfalls in cell numbers in brain regions enriched in cholinergic innervation. In embryo cultures, chlorpyrifos also evoked apoptosis during neurulation. However, chlorpyrifos also evokes noncholinergic disruption of cell development by interfering with cell signaling via adenylyl cyclase, leading to widespread disruption that is not limited to cholinergic systems. We have tested this hypothesis in vitro with PC12 cells, which lack the enzymes necessary to produce chlorpyrifos oxon, the metabolite that inhibits cholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos inhibited DNA synthesis in undifferentiated PC12 cells, which have relatively few cholinergic receptors. Furthermore, chlorpyrifos was more effective than nicotine and its effects were not blocked by cholinergic antagonists. When cells were allowed to differentiate in the presence of chlorpyrifos, cell replication was inhibited even more profoundly and cell acquisition was arrested. At higher concentrations, chlorpyrifos also inhibited neuritic outgrowth. Thus, chlorpyrifos elicits damage by both noncholinergic and cholinergic mechanisms extending from early stages of neural cell replication through late stages of axonogenesis and terminal differentiation. Accordingly, the window of developmental vulnerability to chlorpyrifos is likely to extend from the embryonic period into postnatal life.
Overexpression of KCNN3 results in sudden cardiac death
Authors: Saagar Mahida, Robert W. Mills, Nathan R. Tucker, Bridget Simonson, Vincenzo Macri, Marc D. Lemoine, Saumya Das, David J. Milan, Patrick T. Ellinor
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

BackgroundA recent genome-wide association study identified a susceptibility locus for atrial fibrillation at the KCNN3 gene. Since the KCNN3 gene encodes for a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, we hypothesized that overexpression of the SK3 channel increases susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias.
Prescribing costs Fundholders had a head start
Authors: D Keeley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

born infants.In comparison, the crude prevalence in the total population born in 1981-91, according to the medical birth registry, was 0-43/10000 newborn infants (26 cases, population 602 301).In all four cases the infants had been singletons born alive at full term with birth weights over 3500g.One had additional birth defects.The four families lived at farms in different parts of Norway, with no temporal clustering of the pregnancies (conceptions between 1971 and 1988).None of the families had a greenhouse or an orchard.Of the 21843 infants potentially exposed to benomyl, one was diagnosed as having microphthalmia (0 46/ 10 000).This child came from a farm that grew field vegetables.Our data do not indicate that parental agricultural activity is a specific risk for anophthalmia in children.Even with this large cohort, comprising roughly a seventh of all births in Norway during the period studied, no firm conclusions concerning this rare birth defect can be drawn.The use ofproxies as exposure variables adds to the uncertainty.Nevertheless, our data do not support the suggestion that benomyl is a risk factor.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler to budesonide Turbuhaler®
Authors: J Bousquet, A D'Urzo, J Hebert, CH Barraza, LP Boulet, R Suarez-Chacon, U Harnest, B Lundback, G Martinez Morales, MM Nieminen, KB Nolop, S Visser, BN Lutsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Mometasone furoate (MF) administered by dry powder inhaler (DPI) was composed with budesonide (BUD) Turbuhaler in the treatment of moderate persistent asthma. The patients were randomized to one of four treatment groups: MF DPI (100, 200, 400 microg b.i.d) or BUD Turbuhaler. 400 microg b.i.d in a 12-week, active-controlled, evaluator-blind, multicentre international trial. The primary efficacy variable was the mean change from baseline to endpoint (last treatment visit) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Changes in FEV1 showed a statistically significant superiority (p&lt;0.05) of MF DPI 200 and 400 microg b.i.d compared with the BUD Turbuhaler 400 microg b.i.d treatment. Significant superiority (p&lt;0.05) was also seen in scores for several secondary efficacy variables when MF DPI was compared with BUD Turbuhaler treatment. MF DPI 200 microg b.i.d was comparable to MF DPI 400 microg b.i.d in therapeutic benefit. The incidence of oral candidiasis was no more than 3% in any group. All treatments were well tolerated. A total daily dose of 400 microg of mometasone furoate administered by dry powder inhaler provides a well-tolerated treatment for patients with moderate persistent asthma and results in a significantly greater improvement, when compared to a daily dose of 800 microg BUD Turbuhaler in the parameters measured in this study.
The direct effects of biological response modifiers on epidermal cells
Authors: D. A. CHAMBERS, RHONNA L. COHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Biological response modifiers are agents which alter physiological processes and include growth factors, tumour promoters and pharmacological agents. This laboratory has been studying the mechanisms through which such agents alter epidermal homeostasis by using both in vivo systems and in vitro cell cultures.
Long–echo time MR spectroscopy for skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine detection
Authors: Lucas Lindeboom, Christine I. Nabuurs, Joris Hoeks, Bram Brouwers, Esther Phielix, M. Eline Kooi, Matthijs K.C. Hesselink, Joachim E. Wildberger, Robert D. Stevens, Timothy Koves, Deborah M. Muoio, Patrick Schrauwen, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Animal models suggest that acetylcarnitine production is essential for maintaining metabolic flexibility and insulin sensitivity. Because current methods to detect acetylcarnitine involve biopsy of the tissue of interest, noninvasive alternatives to measure acetylcarnitine concentrations could facilitate our understanding of its physiological relevance in humans. Here, we investigated the use of long-echo time (TE) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentrations on a clinical 3T scanner. We applied long-TE 1H-MRS to measure acetylcarnitine in endurance-trained athletes, lean and obese sedentary subjects, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to cover a wide spectrum in insulin sensitivity. A long-TE 1H-MRS protocol was implemented for successful detection of skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine in these individuals. There were pronounced differences in insulin sensitivity, as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, as measured by phosphorus-MRS (31P-MRS), across groups. Insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function were highest in trained athletes and lowest in T2DM patients. Skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine concentration showed a reciprocal distribution, with mean acetylcarnitine concentration correlating with mean insulin sensitivity in each group. These results demonstrate that measuring acetylcarnitine concentrations with 1H-MRS is feasible on clinical MR scanners and support the hypothesis that T2DM patients are characterized by a decreased formation of acetylcarnitine, possibly underlying decreased insulin sensitivity.