tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is House Dust Allergen a Possible Causal Factor for Relapses in Lipoid Nephrosis?
Authors: J. Laurent, G. Lagrue, D. Belghiti, C. Noirot, G. Hirbec
Journal: Allergy (1984)

In three cases of minimal change nephrotic syndrome (lipoid nephrosis), an allergen sensitivity to house dust, cat hair and grass pollen was demonstrated by clinical and biological data. An increase in proteinuria after specific allergen contact and a decrease after withdrawal of the allergens, suggested that the cause was allergenic. Such cases demonstrate the necessity of an etiological investigation of particularly the atopic features in lipoid nephrosis. Results of these investigations can lead to specific therapy in selected cases
Prognostic significance of electrocardiographic site of infarction after correction for enzymatic size of infarction.
Authors: M E Hands, B L Lloyd, J S Robinson, N de Klerk, P L Thompson
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To assess whether the site of myocardial infarction is an independent prognostic indicator, the outcome of patients with anterior myocardial infarction was compared with that of patients with inferior infarction. A consecutive series of patients who had suffered their first myocardial infarction was analyzed (398 with anterior and 391 with inferior infarction). Patients with anterior myocardial infarction had a higher 1 year mortality than those with inferior infarction (18.3% vs 10.5%, p = .002). When patients were matched for infarct size determined by peak creatine kinase (CK) level expressed as a multiple of the upper limit of normal, those with anterior myocardial infarction tended to have a higher 1 year mortality than those with inferior infarction for all subgroups of peak CK. Early mortality (day 1 to 28 after myocardial infarction) was greater in the anterior than in the inferior myocardial infarction group (10% vs 6.4%, p = .03); this was most significant when peak CK was greater than four times normal (12.4% vs 7.0%, p = .04). Late mortality was also higher in the anterior (8.4% vs 4.1%, p = .04) than the inferior infarction group and this was most significant when peak CK was less than two times normal (15.2% vs 0%, p = .02) or greater than eight times normal (10.6% vs 4.1%, p = .04). Multivariate analysis with proportional-hazards regression confirmed the prognostic significance of location of infarction independent of peak CK level. Thus, infarct location was found to be a predictor of prognosis that is independent of infarct size based on peak CK levels.
Autologous rosette-forming T cells regulate responses of T cells. Phenotypic and functional analysis of suppressor cells generated from autologous rosette-forming T cells after autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions.
Authors: S Kumagai, I Scher, I Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

An average of 5--9% of human peripheral blood of T lymphocytes from rosettes with autologous erythrocytes (ARFT). This population responded only slightly against autologous and allogeneic non-T cells. In contrast, T cells that did not form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes (NRFT) proliferated to a greater degree in auto- and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and also in reactions to trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified autologous non-T cells (TNP-auto-MLR) as compared with ARFT or unfractionated T cells. The ARFT populations could suppress the increased allogeneic (allo)MLR and TNP-auto-MLR of NRFT when the ARFT were added to the NRFT at the beginning of the cultures. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorter (FACS) analysis of these freshly obtained T cell fractions using monoclonal antibodies to subpopulations of T cells did not demonstrate any selective gain or less of T cell subsets in the ARFT and NRFT as compared with unfractionated T cells. But when each T cell fraction was cultured separately for a week in the presence of autologous non-T cells (auto-MLR) and the cells were again analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter, there was an increase in OKT8-positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic subset) only in the ARFT fraction. The above findings strongly suggest that suppressor T cells are generated from the ARFT fraction during an auto-MLR, these may then regulate the responses on NRFT.
An Enhancer That Directs Lineage-Specific Expression of CD8 in Positively Selected Thymocytes and Mature T Cells
Authors: Wilfried Ellmeier, Mary Jean Sunshine, Kasia Losos, Farah Hatam, Dan R Littman
Journal: Immunity (1997)

Positive selection of CD4+CD8+ T cells to the CD4+CD8- helper and CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic lineages is a multistep process that involves complex regulation of coreceptor gene expression. By analyzing expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice, we have identified a DNA segment, located between the murine CD8beta and CD8alpha genes, that has enhancer activity restricted to CD8 lineage cells. Remarkably, this enhancer functions in thymocytes undergoing positive selection to the CD4-CD8+ phenotype but not in immature double-positive thymocytes. The enhancer also functions in gut intraepithelial lymphocytes that express CD8alpha but not CD8beta, suggesting that it is specific for CD8alpha expression. The tight correlation between activation of this enhancer and the final step in positive selection has important implications for understanding the mechanism of lineage commitment in thymocytes.
New Federal Regional Medical Programs
Authors: John M. Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

AS the National Institutes of Health tool up to allocate the first grants setting in motion the new Regional Medical Programs authorized by the Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendment of 1965 (Public Law 89–239), all interested in the health of the nation will be wondering whether these programs can be made to work. Is it possible to make a project started for the wrong reasons and designed the wrong way into something worth-while? It is my personal belief that these programs not only may be workable but may improve the health of the American people, beyond anything seen in . . .
Operation for Relief of Strangulated Inguinal Hernia, also for its Radical Cure, in a Child Two Years of Age
Authors: G. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1885)

OPERATIONS for the relief of strangulated hernia in young children are sufficiently rare to warrant the report of the following case.John M., aged 2 years and 4 months, was admitted to the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, on September 25th, at 10 P.M.The history of the case is that, when a few days old, a swelling was observed in the scrotum on the right side, and subsequently on the left.These, which could be reduced in size, were believed to be hernie, for which a double truss was worn, but without much effect, as the rupture on the left side repeatedly came down, and
IVUS PREDICTORS OF EARLY STENT THROMBOSIS AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A HORIZONS-AMI SUBSTUDY
Authors: So-Yeon Choi, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Giulio Guagliumi, Bruce Brodie, Mirle A. Kellett, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, George D. Dangas, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Book Review: The Medical Society of London 1773-2003
Authors: D Geraint James
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The Medical Society of London, founded 230 years ago by the Quaker physician and philanthropist John Coakley Lettsom is the oldest medical society in England, possibly in the world. It was established as a forum for physicians, surgeons, apothecaries and accoucheurs to give them the opportunity of meeting together for the exchange of medical intelligence. Its stability was ensured by the broad representation of its membership and its security was based on the possession of a valuable library and freehold property.

Penelope Hunting has previously written histories of the Society of Apothecaries (1998) and The Royal Society of Medicine (2001), and her latest work sustains her reputation as a scholarly and entertaining writer. As a reviewer I must declare several interests: I am the Society's most senior Fellow, a former secretary and president and a present trustee. If there were errors, however, I would wish to point them out. I have found none.

The chapters include well-researched accounts of the Society's early meetings in taverns and in the homes of Fellows. The story includes Jenner and smallpox vaccination, the Napoleonic wars, Nelson's fatal wounds at Trafalgar, Walcheren fever, the death of Napoleon, the Crimean War, the Boer War, the great wars of 1914–1918 and 1939–1945, and the discovery of penicillin. There is an authoritative basic account of the pioneering influence of Lettsom and the Medical Society on American medicine during the nineteenth and twentieth century (Lettsom, born in the West Indies, regarded himself as an American colonist). Lettsom was diligent in corresponding with his American medical friends and was generous in sending books and plants; these pioneer American doctors are awarded brief but useful biographies. Edward Bancroft of Massachusetts was secretary of the Medical Society of London in 1775, at a time when he was a double spy for both America and Britain; his activities as a spy were not disclosed until seventy years after his death.

The book includes numerous elegant illustrations, some in colour, and exhaustive appendices of all Presidents, Fothergillian Medallists, Lettsomian Lecturers, Orators and Registrars. These provide helpful background information for speakers invited to talk at Society meetings, to historians writing on medical themes of that era, and to all students of medicine who enjoy medical yarns of yesteryear.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF A CASE OF MYXOEDEMA
Authors: H. M. Raven
Journal: BMJ (1924)

E 2imL JoUNTAn examination of the dates of attack in the boys' home shows that Case 1 infected the remaining cases, and that the removal of tlle subsequent cases to a separate dormitory without any special precautions was sufficient to check any further spread of the disease.Althouglh the unprotected were with one exception attacked, yet they were not, as one might expect, attacked first.Cases 7, 8, 9, and 10, who were previously vaccinated, became infected before Cases 11, 12, 13, 14, anid 15, who were not.All the cases were of the mild tv)e, andl tlher-e was Jio practical differenice ill severity betweeii the cases arising amonig the pr-otected andl the unprotected.In the girlls' lhomiie secondary cases were looked for witlh some assurance.Their immuinity was perhaps due to the fact that eachl gir] lihad a separate bed- room.The bovs' home is planned on the dormitoly system.
Pulmonary Regurgitation Is an Important Determinant of Right Ventricular Contractile Dysfunction in Patients With Surgically Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: A. Frigiola, A.N. Redington, S. Cullen, M. Vogel
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function in patients with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after tetralogy repair remains challenging because of abnormal RV loading conditions.We examined 124 patients, aged 21+/-11.4 years, who had tetralogy repair at 3.7+/-3.5 years. By Doppler echocardiography, 33 patients had mild, 22 moderate, and 69 severe PR; 55 had significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Myocardial velocities, myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA), strain, and strain rate were measured at RV and LV base. Tricuspid valve annulus was measured in a 4-chamber view. QRS, QT, and JT intervals and their dispersions were measured from 12-lead electrocardiogram. IVA in the RV was lower in all patients compared with controls (0.8+/-0.4 versus 1.8+/-0.5, P<0.0001) and correlated with the severity of PR (r=-0.43, P<0.0001), whereas myocardial velocities, and strain/strain rate did not. LV IVA correlated with PR (r=-0.32, P<0.001) and with RV IVA (r=0.28, P<0.003). Patients with severe PR had a higher incidence of TR (r=0.69, P<0.0001) and lower RV IVA (1.0+/-0.4 versus 0.6+/-0.3, P<0.0001), a larger tricuspid valve ring diameter (P<0.0001), and prolonged electrical depolarization (P<0.001). Age at surgery or examination did not correlate with PR and with RV function assessed by IVA. In the RV, IVA correlated inversely with QRS duration (P<0.01).Although load-dependent myocardial velocities and strain are not influenced by the severity of PR and presence of significant TR, IVA demonstrates reduced contractile function in relation to the degree of PR and may be an early, sensitive index for selecting patients for valve replacement.
Neural correlates of visual hallucinatory phenomena: The role of attention
Authors: Miguel Castelo-Branco
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model of visual hallucinations is as limited in generality as other models. It does, however, raise an interesting hypothesis on the role of attentional biases among proto-objects. The prediction that neither impaired attention nor impaired sensory activation alone will produce hallucinations should be addressed in future studies by analysing partial correlations between putative causes and hallucinatory effects.
Sclerosing polidocanol injections or arthroscopic shaving to treat patellar tendinopathy/jumper's knee? A randomised controlled study
Authors: Lotta Willberg, Kerstin Sunding, Magnus Forssblad, Martin Fahlström, Håkan Alfredson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Proximal patellar tendinopathy/jumper's knee (PT/JK) is well known to be difficult to treat. Recent studies using an ultrasound and colour Doppler-based treatment approach on the dorsal side of the tendon, sclerosing polidocanol injections and ultrasound-guided arthroscopic shaving, have shown promising clinical results. Objectives To compare the clinical effects after treatment with sclerosing polidocanol injections and arthroscopic shaving. Material and methods 52 patellar tendons (43 men and two women) with ultrasound and colour Doppler-verified diagnosis of PT/JK were randomly assigned to treatment with ultrasound and colour Doppler-guided sclerosing polidocanol injections (group A) or ultrasound and colour Doppler-guided arthroscopic shaving (group B). All patients were involved in patellar tendon loading sports or recreational activities, and had had a long duration of pain symptoms from the proximal patellar tendon. Pain during patellar tendon loading activity, and at rest, before and after treatment (visual analogue scale; VAS), and patient satisfaction with the result of the treatment, was registered. Results After treatment, the patients treated with arthroscopic shaving had a significantly lower VAS score at rest and during activity, and were significantly more satisfied compared with the patients in the sclerosing injection group. Conclusions Both treatment with ultrasound and colour Doppler-guided sclerosing polidocanol injections and arthroscopic shaving showed good clinical results, but patients treated with arthroscopic shaving had less pain and were more satisfied with the treatment result. Because surgical treatment is a one-stage treatment return to sports was faster in this group.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and the Great American Fraud
Authors: Arthur J. Patek
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> An editorial entitled "Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and the Great American Fraud" in your issue of July 2, calls attention to one hitherto little appreciated link in the great American fraud chain. It has previously been hinted at that the "ethical" pharmaceutical manufacturing houses are in the business of supplying all comers, whether the goods be fraudulently exploited or not. To quote from your editorial: "Legally they may be within their rights, but ethically and morally their course is iniquitous. No amount of argumentative sophistry will justify, in the eyes of the medical profession, the attitude taken by those manufacturing pharmacists who are willing to sell their products to any who will pay for them, no matter to what use the drugs are put." And again: "How much longer manufacturers of pharmaceuticals will maintain this Janus-faced attitude depends largely on the medical profession. It is safe to assert that
Albumin Excretion Rate Is Not Affected by Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Cristina Hernández, Rafael Simó
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of the study was to evaluate whether asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) significantly influences the level of albumin excretion rate (AER) in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We screened prospectively for UTI and AER in 765 type 2 diabetic subjects. AER was determined before and after antimicrobial therapy in those patients in whom an asymptomatic UTI was diagnosed (n = 59). To interpret the clinical significance of AER changes, the coefficient of biological variation (CVb) of the AER (CVb-AER) was assessed in a control group of type 2 diabetic patients without UTI (n = 56). RESULTS—AER did not change after antimicrobial treatment either in the whole group of patients with UTI (pre: 13.8 μg/min [0.1–195] vs. post: 8.5 μg/min [0.1–185]; P = 0.1) or in those patients in whom the infection was eradicated (pre: 11.7 μg/min [0.1–195] vs. post: 7.1 μg/min [0.1–185]; NS). The CVb-AER was 64% in the control group and was inversely correlated with AER (r = −0.44; P = 0.001). The decrease of AER after antimicrobial therapy (55%) did not exceed the biological variation of AER (64%). Finally, UTI did not significantly influence the classification of diabetic patients as normo- or microalbuminuric. CONCLUSIONS—Asymptomatic UTI does not increase AER in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, our results suggest that testing for UTI is not necessary when AER is measured in diabetic patients.
The Electrocardiographic Efects of Intravenous Veratrum Viride
Authors: STEPHEN R. ELEK, J. DOUGLAS MCNAIR, GEORGE C. GRIFFITH
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Previously unnoted T-wave inversions in the precordial leads resulting from the intravenous injection of veratrum viride are described. Evidence is presented that these changes are not caused either by the hypotensive action of the drug or by myocardial anoxia or by hypopotassemia. The T-wave inversions probably. result from vagal stimulation which cause altered ventricular repolarization.
Poisoning by Inocybe fastigiata
Authors: D. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

In this country, where the eating of fungi is much less common than on the Continent, outbreaks of poisoning due to fungi, though possibly not uncommon, are rarely reported in the papers.In 1945 three cases came under my care, all from the same household.The fungi were prepared similarly to fried mushrooms and served as a breakfast dish.They were collected by inexperienced mushroom-hunters whose criterion was based on a fallacy that the skin from the cap of the edible fungus peels readily.
Health Precautions in Mexico-Reply
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Review of the hazards to health faced by a US medical student living in Mexico for two years evoked comments from several physicians. My review assumed that the student would travel rather widely through Mexico, learning about society, culture, industry, and agriculture, as well as public health problems and methods of medical care. Drs Dooley and Barrett-Connor correctly point out that typhoid immunization is advisable for US citizens traveling to Mexico, because typhoid fever is probably endemic there. This recommendation is based on the fact that 200 to 3,500 cases of typhoid fever occurred in Mexico City alone during the years 1972 to 1974.<sup>1</sup>The Public Health Service recommends typhoid immunization for persons traveling to, or working in, highly endemic areas of the world.<sup>2</sup> It is also true, as Dr Dooley points out, that thorough cooking of meat from the intermediate hosts of taeniasis, swine and
Abstract LB-250: Establishment of a positive feedback between PGE2 and COX2 diverts DC differentiation into MDSCs and sustains their immunosuppressive functions in ovarian cancer
Authors: Natasa Obermajer, Ravikumar Muthuswamy, Jamie Lesnock, Robert P. Edwards, Pawel Kalinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are essential players in cancer-associated immune dysfunction. We report that the differentiation and functional stability of human monocytic MDSCs is driven by a single cancer-associated inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and depends on the establishment of a positive feedback between PGE2 and the key regulator of PGE2 synthesis, COX-2. PGE2 abrogates the differentiation of CD1a+ DC from monocytes, redirecting it towards CD14+CD33+CD34+ cells expressing all MDSC-associated suppressive factors: IDO, arginase, NOS2 and IL-10, and inducing their CTL-suppressive functions. Moreover, PGE2 promotes the expression of endogenous COX2 and autocrine secretion of PGE2 in MDSCs, establishing a positive feedback loop that stabilizes the MDSC phenotype. Undisturbed COX2 activity and persistent production of PGE2 by MDSCs, isolated from cancer patients, was required for their continued expression of CXCR4 and responsiveness to CXCL12. Moreover, PGE2 also proved to be the key factor promoting the production of CXCL12 in cancer microenvironment, a chemokine exerting multiple tumor-promoting effects either directly by acting on cancer cells or indirectly by inducing angiogenesis and recruiting other immunosuppressive cells, i.e. Tregs and pDCs. In accordance with the physiological role of PGE2 in the development and functional stability of human cancer -associated MDSCs, we observed that the frequencies of CD11b+ CD33+ MDSCs in the ovarian cancer (OvCa) ascites closely correlate with the local production of PGE2 and expression of COX2, while the OvCa ascites environment can promote the induction of MDSCs from differentiating monocytes in a COX2-dependent manner. Importantly. disruption of COX2-PGE2 feedback in fully-developed MDSCs isolated from cancer patients, using COX2 inhibitors or inhibitors of EP2/EP4-dependent PGE2 signaling, eliminates the production of all other suppressive factors and terminates the CTL-suppressive function of MDSCs as well as eliminates both the expression of CXCR4 on MDSCs and the production of CXCL12, highlighting the key role of PGE2 in the tumor-accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. The currently demonstrated key role of the positive COX2-PGE2 feedback loop in the differentiation and functional stability of MDSCs facilitates the targeting of MDSCs in cancer immunotherapy and facilitates the development of additional MDSC-targeting therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-250. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-250