tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein and Its Relationship to Plasma Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A-I-Containing Lipoproteins in IDDM Patients With Microalbuminuria and Clinical Nephropathy
Authors: Juhani Kahri, Per-Henrik Groop, Tom Elliott, Giancarlo Viberti, Marja-Riitta Taskinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To study the distribution of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with nephropathy and factors involved in the regulation of HDL, including plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants included 52 microalbuminuric IDDM patients (with a urinary albumin excretion rate [UAER] of 20–200 μg/min), 37 macroalbuminuric IDDM patients (UAER &amp;gt;200 μg/min), and 64 normoalbuminuric IDDM patients (UAER &amp;lt;20 μg/min). Groups were matched for age, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control (HbA1). RESULTS Median concentrations of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol were 11.6 (P = 0.01) and 22.7% (P = 0.01) less in microalbuminuric patients and 5.1 and 15.5% less in macroalbuminuric patients compared with normoalbuminuric patients. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of apoA-I, apoA-II (apolipoprotein) or LpA-I or LpA-I:A-II (lipoprotein) particles between the groups. HDL cholesterol: apoA-I + apoA-II ratio was significantly lower in micro- (19.7 ± 4.2 (± SD); P &amp;lt; 0.01) and macroalbuminuric patients (20.0 ± 3.7, P &amp;lt; 0.05) than in normoalbuminuric patients (22.1 ± 4.4). Postheparin plasma LPL:IIL ratio was lower in microalbuminuric patients compared with normoalbuminuric patients (1.65 vs. 1.05 [median], P &amp;lt; 0.01). Plasma CETP activity was higher in the macroalbuminuric patients than in micro- (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and normoalbuminuric patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but did not correlate with HDL, HDL2, or HDL, cholesterol. LPLHL ratio correlated positively with HDL cholesterol (r = 0.372, P &amp;lt; 0.001), HDL2 cholesterol (r = 0.413, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and with LpA-I particles (r = 0.355, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not with LpA-I:A-II particles (r = –0.065, NS). CONCLUSIONS IDDM patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria show only trivial changes in concentrations of different HDL parameters, which cannot explain the excess risk of coronary heart disease in these patients. Data also indicate that elevation of CETP activity in IDDM patients with nephropathy is probably not responsible for the lowering of HDL cholesterol.
COD-LIVER OIL A TIME-TESTED REMEDY.
Authors: FRANK WEBSTER JAY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

If cod-liver oil has been able to maintain its position as a remedial agent from a time "beyond which the memory of man runneth not to the contrary," its present popularity certainly has not resulted from any lack of sharp and sustained controversy. While the literature commending its utility in a wide variety of disorders is very copious, there has likewise been an abundance of articles, papers and discussions, which contended that cod-liver oil was merely a therapeutic fetich; that it possessed no virtue that did not likewise reside in all forms of food fat; that it was no more readily assimilable than good butter; that, indeed, it was a positive bane to the patient in its loathsome taste, its disturbance of digestion, its provocation of biliousness, etc. In my opinion these dissenting views constitute a a most erroneous and deplorable heresy. Quite apart from the colossal volume of clinical
Review: Enoxaparin during PCI is better than unfractionated heparin for reducing mortality in CHD
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Silvain J, Beygui F, Barthélémy O, et al. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012;344:e553. 22306479
Preventing Adolescent Alienation: An Inter-professional Approach
Authors: John F. McDermott
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<b>Promoting Adolescent Health: A Dialog on Research and Practice</b>, edited by Thomas J. Coates, Anne C. Petersen, and Cheryl Perry (conference, Baltimore, November 1980), 483 pp, with illus, $39.50, New York, Academic Press Inc, 1982. <i>Preventing Adolescent Alienation</i>is a compendium of the proceedings of a 1981 conference on Prevention of Adolescent Behavioral Problems. Distinguished contributors include Pulitzer prize winner, Robert Coles from Harvard; former head of the US Children's Bureau, Edward Zigler of Yale, and others. The topics addressed deal with adolescent alienation and consider prevention of related problems in areas such as sex, school, delinquency, suicide, chemical and substance abuse, and the development of values. While the book is about problem prevention and is addressed to the helping professions, it is written at a level that could be understood by, and perhaps would be more relevant for, parents than for the professionals themselves. For example, it discusses stages
A three-dimensional scaffold with precise micro-architecture and surface micro-textures
Authors: Alvaro Mata, Eun Jung Kim, Cynthia A. Boehm, Aaron J. Fleischman, George F. Muschler, Shuvo Roy
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)

A three-dimensional (3D) structure comprising precisely defined micro-architecture and surface micro-textures, designed to present specific physical cues to cells and tissues, may provide an efficient scaffold in a variety of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. We report a fabrication technique based on microfabrication and soft lithography that permits for the development of 3D scaffolds with both precisely engineered architecture and tailored surface topography. The scaffold fabrication technique consists of three key steps starting with microfabrication of a mold using an epoxy-based photoresist (SU-8), followed by dual-sided molding of a single layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a mechanical jig for precise motion control; and finally, alignment, stacking, and adhesion of multiple PDMS layers to achieve a 3D structure. This technique was used to produce 3D Texture and 3D Smooth PDMS scaffolds, where the surface topography comprised 10 μm diameter/height posts and smooth surfaces, respectively. The potential utility of the 3D microfabricated scaffolds, and the role of surface topography, were subsequently investigated in vitro with a combined heterogeneous population of adult human stem cells and their resultant progenitor cells, collectively termed connective tissue progenitors (CTPs), under conditions promoting the osteoblastic phenotype. Examination of bone-marrow derived CTPs cultured on the 3D Texture scaffold for 9 days revealed cell growth in three dimensions and increased cell numbers compared to those on the 3D Smooth scaffold. Furthermore, expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA was higher on the 3D Texture scaffold, while osteocalcin mRNA expression was comparable for both types of scaffolds.
Maternal microchimerism protects against the development of asthma
Authors: Emma E. Thompson, Rachel A. Myers, Gaixin Du, Tessa M. Aydelotte, Christopher J. Tisler, Debra A. Stern, Michael D. Evans, Penelope E. Graves, Daniel J. Jackson, Fernando D. Martinez, James E. Gern, Anne L. Wright, Robert F. Lemanske, Carole Ober
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Severe disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis carrying a mutation in the Mediterranean fever gene
Authors: E Rabinovich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Pyrin is a newly recognised intracellular regulator of inflammation, and mutations in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin, are the cause of familial Mediterranean fever.To determine if known mutations of MEFV are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) morbidity or can modify RA severity.The frequency of the three most common MEFV mutations: M694V, V726A, and E148Q, was determined in 98 Israeli patients with RA (74 women, 24 men) and compared with that in 100 healthy subjects matched for origin. RA severity was determined using a new clinical score of 126 grades. The median severity score of mutation carrier and non-carrier groups was compared after confounding measures were eliminated by logistic regression.17/98 (17%) patients with RA (all women) were heterozygous for common MEFV mutations, predominantly E148Q (12 patients), and one patient was homozygous for the V726A mutation. The overall mutation rate was comparable between patients with RA and healthy subjects. Patients carrying a mutation had a higher median severity score than the non-carrier group (42 v 29, p = 0.0005). The logistic regression model assigned a 15-fold odds ratio for severe RA in carriers, after adjusting for sex, presence of rheumatoid factor, age at onset, and disease duration (n = 97, p = 0.01, 95% CI 1.74 to 128).MEFV, and particularly the E148Q mutation, is an independent modifier of the clinical manifestations of RA. This is the second Th1-type autoimmune disease in which MEFV mutations have been shown to aggravate the clinical status.
Impact of HLA mismatching on paediatric liver transplantation (LT)
Authors: R. Francavilla, N. Hadzic, M Clare, P Cheeseman, JA Underhill, AJ Baker, A Dhawan, P Muiesan, M Rela, N Heaton, G. Mieli-Vergani, PT Donaldson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Sodium-potassium cotransport activity as genetic marker in essential hypertension.
Authors: J S Davidson, L H Opie, B Keding
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Sodium-potassium cotransport activity is thought to be defective in essential hypertension and could be a useful genetic marker for susceptibility to essential hypertension. In this study cotransport activity in subjects with hypertension was compared with that in normotensive controls. The effects of ethnic differences, environment, and antihypertensive drugs were also studied. Mean cotransport activity was lower in hypertensive subjects than in controls of the same ethnic groups. There was, however, a large overlap between controls and hypertensive subjects. No ethnic or environmental influences were found. The large overlap found suggests that sodium-potassium cotransport activity is not a useful genetic marker in essential hypertension.
Role of community pharmacies in relation to HIV prevention and drug misuse: findings from the 1995 national survey in England and Wales
Authors: J. Sheridan, J. Strang, N. Barber, A. Glanz
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To establish activity levels of community (high street) pharmacies in the provision of HIV prevention services to drug misusers and to compare these findings with the levels identified in 1988. <b>Design</b>: Self completion questionnaire (four mailings) to a random 1 in 4 sample of all community pharmacies, stratified by family health services authority. <b>Setting</b>: England and Wales. <b>Subjects</b>: Data provided by pharmacist in charge of the dispensary, on service provision at the pharmacy. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Quantitative reports of current activity levels for (a) dispensing of controlled drugs to drug misusers, (b) sale of needles and syringes, (c) needle and syringe exchange. <b>Results</b>: 74.8% response rate (1984/2654). In 1995, 50.1% (992/1980) of pharmacies were dispensing controlled drugs (mostly methadone), compared with 23.0% (562/2457) in 1988; 34.5% (677/1962) of pharmacies were selling injecting equipment, compared with 28.0% (676/2434) in 1988; 18.9% (366/1937) were providing a needle exchange service, compared with 3.0% (65/2415) in 1988. <b>Conclusion</b>: Activity levels increased substantially across all three service areas. Increased activity included greater individual activity as well as higher proportions of pharmacies participating. The network of community pharmacies represents an underused point of contact for this Health of the Nation target population. <h3>Key messages</h3> Many communities pharmacies have a role in providing HIV prevention services for injecting drug misusers—such as dispensing controlled drugs on prescription, selling injecting equipment, and operating needle exchange schemes Since 1988 the proportion of pharmacies dispensing prescribed controlled drugs has dou- bled, and the proportion taking part in needle exchange schemes has increased sixfold A large reservoir of untapped potential still exists among community pharmacists The community pharmacist has a high level of contact with often "hard to reach" drug misusers; the potential for maximising such contacts should be explored
Prostaglandin E2 Enhances Intestinal Adenoma Growth via Activation of the Ras-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade
Authors: Dingzhi Wang, F. Gregory Buchanan, Haibin Wang, Sudhansu K. Dey, Raymond N. DuBois
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A large body of clinical, genetic, and biochemical evidence indicates that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme for prostanoid biosynthesis, contributes to the promotion of colorectal cancer. COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostaglandin found in several gastrointestinal malignancies. Although PGE2 enhances intestinal adenoma growth in Apcmin mice, the mechanism(s) by which it accelerates tumor growth is not completely understood. Here we investigated how PGE2 promotes intestinal tumor growth and the signaling pathways responsible for its effects. We observed that PGE2 treatment leads to increased epithelial cell proliferation and induces COX-2 expression in intestinal adenomas. Furthermore, we show that PGE2 regulation of COX-2 expression is mediated by activation of a Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. One intriguing finding is that COX-2-derived PGE2 mimics the effects of constitutively active Ras through a self-amplifying loop that allows for a distinct growth advantage.
The Community-Based Medical School — Reactions at the Interface between Medical Education and Medical Care
Authors: Robert L. Evans, Joseph G. Pittman, Richard C. Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract In the development of a new community-based medical school, emphasis must be placed on the relations between (1) the support (academic) and teaching (practicing) faculties, and (2) the needs of medical education and demands for health care. Contrasting characteristics of support and teaching faculty with respect to their teaching abilities, their decisionmaking processes, and their interests in research and patient care must be recognized. A rankless faculty, a teacher-student relation that resembles the doctor–patient relation, equitable reimbursement for undergraduate teaching, and shared responsibility for the school's policies and procedures are important. Community acceptance can be promoted by establishing school-staffed community health centers in areas lacking physicians, in evaluating and promoting the quality of local health care, and in building on the stable relation between a community and its practicing physicians.
Premedication, Preparation, and Surveillance
Authors: M. Lazzaroni, G. Bianchi-Porro
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

During the last two years, the well-known positive role of benzodiazepines (midazolam and diazepam) in conscious sedation, both in adults and pediatric patients, has been confirmed by several studies. However, problems concerning the role of sedation and analgesia in nonoperative endoscopy are still a matter of debate. Particular attention has focused on attempts to identify the "ideal candidate" for conscious sedation, and on the importance of providing patients with information before the procedure, which should be matched to each patient's style of coping. Before detailed information about a medical procedure is given blindly, the clinician should investigate whether such information will benefit or adversely affect the patient receiving it. An important aspect of the sedation procedure is the prevention of hypoxia and cardiopulmonary complications. Recent endoscopic experience has provided little additional information concerning the well-known risk of oxygen desaturation during conscious sedation. Performing endoscopy in sedated patients reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of hypoxia. Some independent variables capable of predicting severe desaturation have been recognized, such as basal SaO2 < 95%, respiratory disease, more than one attempt needed for intubation, emergency procedure, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of III or IV. As far as preparation is concerned, some light has been cast by a meta-analysis of available studies concerning the role of sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS). The former preparation has been found to be as effective and less costly compared with the latter. In particular, sodium phosphate may be preferable in patients without cardiovascular or renal co-morbidity, and in those with a tendency to develop nausea or bloating.
Thymidine Catabolism by Normal and Leukemic Human Leukocytes*
Authors: John C. Marsh, Seymour Perry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

trifuged at 2,100 X g for 15 minutes.The sample con- tained only 3 erythrocytes per 100 leukocytes and no tumor cells.Further separation of erythrocytes and leu- kocytes was not attempted, and the sample was homoge- nized directly for enzyme assay.
Hypercholesterolemia, not metabolic syndrome, related to adhesion of monocytes to cultured endothelium in nondiabetic subjects
Authors: I-Te Lee, Tsung Min Lin, Wen-Jane Lee, Hsiu-Chung Ou, Yu-Hon Chien, Wen Lieng Lee, Yih-Jing Tang, Ching-Hwa Yang, Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
SERUM AND URINARY FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY RELATED TO THE HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS IN IRRADIATED DOGS
Authors: J. Colgan, E. Gates, L. L. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The urine and serum fibrinolytic activity were measured in dogs following whole body radiation ranging from 450 to 800 r generated by 1,000 kv. and 250 kv. machines. The fibrinolytic activity of the urine showed a precipitate rise 4 to 5 days before death in all dogs with pulmonary hemorrhage as the main cause of death. The fibrinolytic activity of the serum showed a similar rise, which was most pronounced in the case of those animals which did not survive. The fibrinolytic activities of the urine and serum approached control levels at about the 24th day after irradiation in all the surviving dogs. The possible mode of activation of the fibrinolytic enzyme in vivo is discussed and approaches to prevention of the hemorrhagic syndrome are suggested.
Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Because of remarkable early success in trials of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, the National Institutes of Health recently sponsored a consensus conference to evaluate the data in this field and to examine "the impact of such trials on general medical practice." Clear-cut recommendations emerged after two days of presentations and discussions all right, but several conference attendees thought the consensus document was so general as to limit its usefulness. In the end, the recommendations' primary value may be to alert physicians to consider seriously adjuvant chemotherapy for many of their breast cancer patients and to help define which patients are most likely to receive benefit. In addition, since treatment decisions in this area are not always clear, the panel counseled that "optimal care requires frank and open communication between the physician and patient about the options available." <h3>Premenopausal Patients</h3> The premenopausal woman with breast cancer that has spread to
Perinatal characteristics and risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L. T H Jacobsson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of unknown aetiology.Twin studies indicate the importance of genetic as well as environmental factors. 1 In terms of environmental factors, few risk factors are well established, and, in practice, rheumatoid arthritis cannot be attributed to any specific exposure. 2 Descriptive studies imply a birth cohort effect in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. 3 4 We assessed perinatal characteristics in relation to the risk of adult rheumatoid arthritis and observed associations with several perinatal exposures, including high birth weight and low frequency of breast feeding.
Hepatitis B in a hospital for the mentally subnormal in southern England.
Authors: J G Kingham, M McGuire, D H Paine, R Wright
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The prevalence of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection was assessed in 340 patients and 268 staff in a hospital for the mentally subnormal in Wessex. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, antibody to HBsAg, e antigen (eAg), and antibody to eAg were used as markers of such infection. Forty patients and 10 staff had evidence of recent or current infection, while 149 patients and 50 staff had evidence of past infection. HBV markers were more common in mongols, epileptics, patients with cerebral palsy, and those of lower mental grades and reached a peak after 5-15 years of hospitalisation. eAg was detected in 12 out of 26 patients with HBsAg but in none of the four staff with HBsAg. Abnormal liver function values were found in 24 (60%) of the patients with recent or current HBV infection but in only 30 (19%) of those without HBV markers. Among the staff the prevalence of HBV markers correlated with the duration of employment and degree of contact with patients. Of those with recent or current infection, 4 (40%) had abnormal liver function values compared with 25 (12%) of those without HBV markers. Despite the high prevalence of markers clinically overt hepatitis B was rare.
Chronic Exposure to Arsenic in the Drinking Water Alters the Expression of Immune Response Genes in Mouse Lung
Authors: Courtney D. Kozul, Thomas H. Hampton, Jennifer C. Davey, Julie A. Gosse, Athena P. Nomikos, Phillip L. Eisenhauer, Daniel J. Weiss, Jessica E. Thorpe, Michael A. Ihnat, Joshua W. Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Chronic exposure to drinking water arsenic is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. Exposure to As is associated with an increased risk of lung disease, which may make it a unique toxicant, because lung toxicity is usually associated with inhalation rather than ingestion.The goal of this study was to examine mRNA and protein expression changes in the lungs of mice exposed chronically to environmentally relevant concentrations of As in the food or drinking water, specifically examining the hypothesis that As may preferentially affect gene and protein expression related to immune function as part of its mechanism of toxicant action.C57BL/6J mice fed a casein-based AIN-76A defined diet were exposed to 10 or 100 ppb As in drinking water or food for 5-6 weeks.Whole genome transcriptome profiling of animal lungs revealed significant alterations in the expression of many genes with functions in cell adhesion and migration, channels, receptors, differentiation and proliferation, and, most strikingly, aspects of the innate immune response. Confirmation of mRNA and protein expression changes in key genes of this response revealed that genes for interleukin 1beta, interleukin 1 receptor, a number of toll-like receptors, and several cytokines and cytokine receptors were significantly altered in the lungs of As-exposed mice.These findings indicate that chronic low-dose As exposure at the current U.S. drinking-water standard can elicit effects on the regulation of innate immunity, which may contribute to altered disease risk, particularly in lung.