tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OC-073 Use Of Botulinum Toxin To Predict Manometry Results In Type Iii Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunction; A Retrospective Single Centre Review
Authors: L Macdougall, M Nayar, F McArdle, R Charnley, K Oppong
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Management of type III sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) remains controversial. A recent large multi centre study of manometry and sphincterotomy in type III SOD (EPISOD)<sup>1 </sup>found that sphincterotomy was no more effective than sham treatment. Botulinum toxin (botox) injection to the papilla has been shown to be safe and lead to improvement in symptoms, it may also predict response to sphincterotomy<sup>.2</sup> This study reviewed use of botox in patients with type III within a single tertiary centre to guide decision making. <h3>Methods</h3> The endoscopy unit database was searched for cases between January 2008 to August 2013 who received botox for SOD. Records were reviewed to identify those who had type 3 SOD as per Rome 3 criteria. Response to botox was graded as no response, partial (reduction but not resolution of pain) or complete response. Complications, manometry and sphincterotomy results were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 63 patients had botox injection for SOD 46 were classified as type III and formed the study group. All received 100IU of botox. Following the procedure 3 of 46 patients required overnight observation for abdominal pain, there were no cases of pancreatitis. 14 patients had no response to botox, 7 partial response, 24 a complete response, 1 did not attend follow up. Of those that had a complete response 14 patients proceeded to manometry; reasons not to proceed included failure to attend follow up (2) patient declined treatment (1) other co-morbidities (1). One underwent a second botox procedure with no relief in symptoms and was not offered further treatment, 5 patients (21%) were not offered manometry. Of those that proceeded to manometry, 10 (71%) had elevated pressures 8 biliary, 2 pancreatic. All proceeded to sphincterotomy with good response in 9 (64% of Botox responders). 3 of the 7 patients who partially responded proceeded to manometry; 1 of these had increased biliary pressures. 3 patients (18%)had an episode of pancreatitis following manometry. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Response to botox appears to show moderate correlation with abnormal manometry findings and response to sphincterotomy. ERCP and manometry was associated with a significant risk of pancreatitis. Randomised sham controlled studies are required to ascertain whether a response to botox can accurately select patients who benefit from a sustained response to sphincterotomy. <h3>References</h3> Cotton P <i>et al.</i> Results of the EPISOD Multicenter Sham-controlled Trial of Sphincterotomy in Patients with Suspected Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Type III presented at ACG San Diego October 2013 Bryce GJ, <i>et al</i>. Ampullary botulinum toxin injection in biliary sphincter of oddi dysfunction. <i>Pancreatology</i> 2013;13(1):e3 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Anterior Abdominal Wall Uptake in Intrahepatic Arterial Brachytherapy With Yttrium-90 Sir Spheres for Hepatic Malignancy
Authors: Irina Chernyak, Lourens Bester, Judith Freund, Matthew Richardson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Patients with primary or secondary liver cancer who are not suitable for surgical resection may be treated with selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90. This may cause down staging of the tumor to a resectable size in some patients, and in these and other patients may prolong survival. It delivers a high dose of radiation therapy directly to the tumor, thus minimizing exposure to liver sensitive to radiation. Prior scanning with Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin is performed to assess lung shunting and potential extrahepatic deposition, which can cause significant clinical sequelae. Two patients with hepatic malignancy are presented who demonstrated extrahepatic deposition of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin in the anterior abdominal wall. This is thought to be related to a patent hepatic falciform ligament artery.
What Is Our Plan for Acute Unscheduled Care?
Authors: Michael N. Dohn, Anita L. Dohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersOctober 15, 2013What Is Our Plan for Acute Unscheduled Care?Michael N. Dohn, MD, MSc and Anita L. Dohn, MD, MScMichael N. Dohn, MD, MScFrom Clínica Episcopal Esperanza y Caridad, San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic.Search for more papers by this author and Anita L. Dohn, MD, MScFrom Clínica Episcopal Esperanza y Caridad, San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read Kocher and Asplin's (1) commentary about acute unscheduled care with interest. We recently confronted a decision about acute health care when a fall resulted in a wrist injury for one of us while visiting the United States. Rather than seek emergency care for what was almost certainly a fracture, we instead chose to splint and cool the wrist (about $35 for the wrist splint and cold packs at a pharmacy) until we returned to the Dominican Republic several days later.The anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the wrist ($14 retail cost in the Dominican Republic) ...Reference1. Kocher KE and Asplin BR. What is our plan for acute unscheduled care? Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:907-9 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael N. Dohn, MD, MSc; Anita L. Dohn, MD, MScAffiliations: From Clínica Episcopal Esperanza y Caridad, San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWhat Is Our Plan for Acute Unscheduled Care? Keith E. Kocher and Brent R. Asplin What Is Our Plan for Acute Unscheduled Care? Thomas E. Cowling , Matthew J. Harris , and Azeem Majeed Metrics October 15, 2013Volume 159, Issue 8Page: 576KeywordsFallsForecastingHealth insurancePhysicians ePublished: 15 October 2013 Issue Published: October 15, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vietnam Veterans Risk for Fathering Children With Birth Defects-Reply
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Sadly, Sterling and Arundel have misquoted my editorial. It did not say that  results of the Erickson study show that there is no basis for a link between Agent Orange and birth  It said, it is unlikely that serious congenital abnormalities in children of men serving in Vietnam were results of that experience. 1   Of the almost 100 congenital abnormalities investigated in the study, Sterling and Arundel pointed out the two whose incidence was higher than expected. Yet they have failed to mention the four abnormalities whose incidence was less than expected. If one were to adhere to this solely statistical line of reasoning, a valid conclusion would be that children of veterans of this era were somehow protected from hydrocephalus, anophthalmia, liver and gallbladder abnormalities, and sex organ defects. 2   To be valid, differences in expected incidence must not only be statistically unusual, they must
Treatment of Tennis Elbow
Authors: Frederic W. Ilfeld
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Tennis elbow or humeral epicondylitis is a minor ailment, but to a tennis player, a golfer, a gardener, or a skier, it can be a threat to his way of life. The entity is therefore worthy of prevention and treatment. This is a report on the study of 174 patients with epicondylitis of the elbow, with special reference to the effective treatment by an elbow brace.
THE MECHANISM OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
Authors: Harold A. Abramson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Observations on the behavior of a frog leucocyte in vivo have led to the conclusion that an adhesive force of at least 10(-5) dynes may be offered by one pseudopod. This adhesive force, of one pseudopod, is of the order of magnitude sufficient to cause leucocyte arrest previous to emigration through the capillary wall.
Antiinterleukin-5 antibody prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of airway sensitization.
Authors: E Hamelmann, A Oshiba, J Loader, G L Larsen, G Gleich, J Lee, E W Gelfand
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Eosinophils play a central role in the inflammatory response associated with bronchial asthma. We studied the involvement of eosinophils in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a mouse model of allergic airway sensitization. Sensitization of BALB/c mice to OVA via the airways induced allergen-specific T-cell responses, IgE production, immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity (ICH), and increased airway reactivity. Airway sensitization was associated with eosinophil infiltration of the airways and increased production of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in cultures of peribronchial lymph node cells. Treatment of OVA-challenged animals with anti-IL-5 antibody during the sensitization protocol completely abolished the infiltration of eosinophils into the lung tissue and prevented the development of AHR without affecting levels of allergen-specific IgE, cutaneous hypersensitivity and allergen-specific T cell responses. These findings demonstrate that infiltration of lung tissue by eosinophils, triggered by increased IL-5 production, is a major factor in the development of AHR in this mouse model of airway sensitization.
Bone Scintigraphy in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: MICHAEL J. GELFAND, JANET L. STRIFE, E JOAN GRAHAM, ALVIN H. CRAWFORD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Tc–99m diphosphonate bone scans were performed on 11 children with slipped capital femoral epiphysis. On pinhole hip images, seven hips in seven patients had increased radionuclide uptake in the physis and adjacent proximal femoral metaphysis where the slip had occurred. Three hips in three patients had decreased radionuclide uptake in the femoral head on the side of the slipped epiphysis, indicating compromise of the femoral head blood supply. Three or more months following internal fixation, three children had scintigraphy that showed loss of the usual focal uptake in the physis and adjacent proximal femoral metaphysis. Bone scintigraphy in pediatric patients with slipped capital femoral epiphysis is valuable in defining the metabolic status of the femoral head. Absence of radiopharmaceutical uptake in the affected femoral head indicates that the femoral head is at risk for development of radiographic changes associated with aseptic necrosis.
ALBUMINURIC RETINITIS IN ONE EYE, EMBOLISM OF THE CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY IN THE OTHER
Authors: W. M. Beaumont
Journal: BMJ (1927)

CASES of nmonocular albumilnuric retiniitis, with no sign of involvement of the other eye up to the time of death, have not been very frequenitly reported, anld we are indebted alm--ost enitirely to American, French, and German sources for literature oni the subject.Buit nowhliere can I find anly reference to the effect of a pre-existinig disease of the retina in the case of a l)atielnt sufferinig from nlephiritis.:For this reason the following fragrmenitary notes, ho verver incomlplete, seem to be of sufficienit initerest to record.T. H., aged 37, consulted me on November 19th, 1918, because, twelve days previouslyhe had suddenly become blind in the riaht eye.He had had a transient attack of dimness in that eye -a month earlier.He could just count finigers, but with the.other eye he ead 6j6.The r-ight pupil hardly reacted to light, but responded consensually.-Oplithalmoscopically the p-icture was that significant of embolism of the central artery of the retina, The external half of the retina was' very anaemic, anid tlle vessels were reduced in calibre and appeared as mere tlhreads 'through the gloomy media.In the macular regioni a "cherry-red " spot was dimly visible.On November 27th there was less lhaze, anid betweeii the chierry- red spot and the disc there were four 'small haemorrhages.He lhad no perception of light in th6 eye.On December 18th the ch1er ry-red spot was smaller, and between it anid the very white disc were a number of glistening white spots.On January 14th, 1919, there was advanced atrophy of the disc and the glistening spots had disappeared.On March 25th there was pigmentation around tlhe disc, and the conitiast with the white nerve head was very noticeable.The report of his doctor that thei c was no evidence of cardiac or renal disease was confirmed.His Wassermann reaction was negative.I did not see him again for six years, when he came to me on March 10th, 1925, with a diagnosis of Bright's disease associated with right total and left partial loss of sight.In the latter eye
Considerations of Brain Death on a SPECT Cerebral Perfusion Study
Authors: GUIDO VALLE, PIERLUIGI CIRITELLA, MASSIMO GIULIANO BONETTI, FRANCA DICEMBRINO, ELIO PERRONE, GIAN PIERO PERNA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Brain death imaging is often a diagnostic challenge. Cerebral angioscintigraphy is extensively used for this analysis, but this test does not allow the perfusion evaluation of the posterior fossa. The authors report a case in which a SPECT study showed persistence of blood frow in infratentorial structures with total absence of cerebral (supratentorial) perfusion. This finding excluded the diagnosis of brain death.
ABC of oral health: Periodontal disease
Authors: J. Coventry, G. Griffiths, C. Scully, M. Tonetti
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Most periodontal disease arises from, or is aggravated by, accumulation of plaque, and periodontitis is associated particularly with anaerobes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Calculus (tartar) may form from calcification of plaque above or below the gum line, and the plaque that collects on calculus exacerbates the inflammation. The inflammatory reaction is associated with progressive loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and, eventually, with mobility and loss of teeth. 

Periodontal diseases are ecogenetic in the sense that, in subjects rendered susceptible by genetic or environmental factors (such as polymorphisms in the gene for interleukin 1, cigarette smoking, immune depression, and diabetes), the infection leads to more rapidly progressive disease. Osteoporosis also seems to have some effect on periodontal bone loss. 

The possible effects of periodontal disease on systemic health, via pro-inflammatory cytokines, have been the focus of much attention. Studies to test the strength of associations with atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and low birth weight, and any effects on diabetic control, are ongoing.
Winged helix transcription factor BF-1 is essential for the development of the cerebral hemispheres
Authors: Shouhong Xuan, Carlos A Baptista, Gabriela Balas, Wufan Tao, Vera C Soares, Eseng Lai
Journal: Neuron (1995)

We generated mice with a null mutation of the forebrain-restricted transcription factor BF-1 to examine its function in brain development. Heterozygous animals have an apparently normal phenotype. Homozygous null BF-1 mutants die at birth and have a dramatic reduction in the size of the cerebral hemispheres. The development of the ventral telencephalon is more severely affected than that of the dorsal telencephalon. Telencephalic neuroepithelial cells are specified in the BF-1 mutant, but their proliferation is reduced. Dorsal telencephalic neuroepithelial cells also differentiate prematurely, leading to early depletion of the progenitor population. These results suggest that BF-1 controls the morphogenesis of the telencephalon by regulating the rate of neuroepithelial cell proliferation and the timing of neuronal differentiation.
Phenothiazine therapy and plasma immunoreactive β-MSH in schizophrenia and pruritic dermatoses
Authors: A.G. SMITH, S.K. GOOLAMALI, A.J. THODY, SAM SHUSTER, R.J. PYE, J.L. BURTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) concentrations were normal in schizophrenic patients on prolonged and high dosage phenothiazine therapy. A group of patients treated with chlorpromazine 25 mg three times daily for pruritic dermatoses also showed no significant change in plasma beta-MSH concentration.
New NIH Director Faces Filling Top Posts, Focus on Intramural Research
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

HAROLD VARMUS, MD, in one of his first public appearances after being confirmed as director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, demonstrated his concern for the biomedical research community and  sensitivity to issues likely to capture the interest of Congress, to which he is responsible. After hearing him summarize the issues facing the agency at  meeting of the NIH Director's Advisory Committee, one scientist says that Varmus brings to his new post a refreshing style and wit.  He is likely to need both in the coming months.  Vacancies, Research Scrutiny  The new director must fill several outstanding vacancies at the NIH, including two director's posts—those of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The need to find capable administrators is high on my agenda, Varmus says. Search committees are at present reviewing candidates.  The directorship of the
Testicular Biopsy in Evaluation of Male Infertility
Authors: E. Meinhard, C. U. McRae, G. D. Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Testicular biopsy findings in 100 infertile men were correlated with the clinical findings. Mild or moderately severe tubular lesions were seen in 57 cases and severe changes in 43. Clinical examination and semen analysis were no guide to the severity of the testicular lesion. Though patients with normal sized testes more commonly had mild tubular lesions, many were severe. Patients with small testes more often had severe lesions but some had only mild tubular changes. Biopsy findings in both aspermic and oligospermic patients ranged from normal to a complete loss of germinal tissue.Testicular biopsy is advocated in infertile men for the complete assessment of the case and for identifying those which are potentially treatable. Patients with a severe lesion can be spared further investigations. The choice and results of treatment are discussed, particularly the surgical treatment of varicocele or obstruction. Only patients with a mild or moderate testicular tubular lesion should participate in future trials with drugs for male infertility.
Mutations in core nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus correlate with fulminant and severe hepatitis.
Authors: T Ehata, M Omata, W L Chuang, O Yokosuka, Y Ito, K Hosoda, M Ohto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Infection with hepatitis B virus leads to a wide spectrum of liver injury, including self-limited acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with progression to cirrhosis or acute exacerbation to liver failure, as well as an asymptomatic chronic carrier state. Several studies have suggested that the hepatitis B core antigen could be an immunological target of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To investigate the reason why the extreme immunological attack occurred in fulminant hepatitis and severe exacerbation patients, the entire precore and core region of hepatitis B virus DNA was sequenced in 24 subjects (5 fulminant, 10 severe fatal exacerbation, and 9 self-limited acute hepatitis patients). No significant change in the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid residue was noted in the nine self-limited acute hepatitis patients. In contrast, clustering changes in a small segment of 16 amino acids (codon 84-99 from the start of the core gene) in all seven adr subtype infected fulminant and severe exacerbation patients was found. A different segment with clustering substitutions (codon 48-60) was also found in seven of eight adw subtype infected fulminant and severe exacerbation patients. Of the 15 patients, 2 lacked precore stop mutation which was previously reported to be associated with fulminant hepatitis. These data suggest that these core regions with mutations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B viral disease, and such mutations are related to severe liver damage.
Abstract 5433: Analysis of the short-term and long-term in vitro cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drug Ukrain in breast cancer models
Authors: Erica Bozeman, Hamid Mohammadi, Rangaiah Shashidharamurthy, Danielle Daniels, Periasamy Selvaraj
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Ukrain is a semisynthetic compound derived from the extract of the plant Chelidonium majus L. Studies indicate that this anticancer drug exhibits cytostatic and cytolytic activity against several human cancer cell lines including colon, brain, ovarian, melanoma and lymphoma without adverse harmful side effects on healthy human cells. However, such activity has not been thoroughly investigated in a breast cancer model. In order to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of Ukrain, we used mouse (4T07 and TUBO) and human (SKBR-3) breast cancer cell lines. 4T07 and TUBO are highly tumorigenic, nonmetastic tumor cell lines derived from spontaneous carcinomas in BALB/cfC3H and BALB-neuT mice, respectively. The TUBO and SKBR-3 cell lines constitutively express the HER-2/neu oncogene, which is overexpressed in 30% of human breast cancer patients. Tumor cells were trypsinized after reaching 90-95% confluency and plated with varying concentrations of Ukrain. Following 24, 48 and 72 hour treatment with Ukrain, cell number and viability was determined using the trypan blue exclusion method. To assess whether the tumor cells retained the capacity for unlimited proliferation, a clonogenic assay was conducted. Cells were seeded out in appropriate dilutions to form colonies within 2-3 weeks. Colonies were fixed and stained with crystal violet (0.5% w/v) and counted by microscopy. Lastly, to determine whether the cytotoxic effects of Ukrain are due to the induction of apoptosis, we carried out intracellular staining for active caspase-3. We observed a dose-dependent and time-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth. As low as 50 υg/mL of Ukrain led to a significant decrease in tumor cell viability when compared to untreated cells. The clonogenic assay showed the inability of treated tumor cells to form colonies and regain their proliferative capacity whereas the untreated cells formed multiple colonies. We observed a several fold increase in caspase 3 activation of Ukrain treated cells compared to untreated cells confirming apoptosis as the cytotoxic mechanism of action. In conclusion, our data suggest that Ukrain could be effective as an anticancer drug for breast cancer due to its short-term and long-term inhibitory effects on tumor cell viability and proliferation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5433
Influence of posture and reference point on central venous pressure measurement.
Authors: G A Haywood, M D Joy, A J Camm
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Human insulin in general offers no advantage over highly purified animal insulins.3Patients should therefore be transferred to human insulin onlv when there is a medical indication, under a doctor's guidance, and after having been informed that a change in symptoms ofhypoglycaemia could occur.As advocated previously,"' a large randomised clinical trial is now needed to establish definitively whether there is an increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia associated with transfer to human insulin.We thank Baxter AG, Medisense, CH-8305 Dietikon, for providing glucose meters and test strips; Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Lucy Carpenter, Peter Diem, and Martin Shipley for comments on an earlier draft; and Donat Gemsch