tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are Calcium Supplements Harmful to Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Susanna C. Larsson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Monoclonal antibodies to CALLA do not alter polymorphonuclear functions
Authors: S. S. Kaplan, J. M. Pesando, R. E. Basford, U. E. Zdziarski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is present on the malignant cells of most patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to CALLA have been useful for differentiating lymphoblastic from nonlymphoblastic leukemias as well as for serotherapy in ALL. Since this MoAb also reacts with polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, it was of interest to determine whether or not MoAbs to CALLA affected PMN function. We therefore evaluated four MoAbs to CALLA for their effect on PMN function. Two of the MoAbs were IgG and two were IgM. Chemotaxis was studied using Micro-Boyden chambers. Intraleukocyte bacterial killing was studied using Staph:PMN of 2:1 and 10:1, and metabolic activation was evaluated by hexose monophosphate shunt activity. The results showed that these MoAbs to CALLA did not impair the parameters of PMN function studied. These findings have relevance to the usefulness of MoAbs to CALLA for serotherapy and also as a probe for understanding the surface molecule properties that have a bearing on PMN host defense functions.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women
Authors: David S. Krause
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article "Hepatitis B Prevalence in an Unregistered Prenatal Population"<sup>1</sup>is timely given the recent recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding universal immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine.<sup>2</sup>As noted in this document, hepatitis B immune globulin is not used in most developing countries. Hepatitis B vaccine alone has been found to be highly effective in this setting when administered at 0, 1, and 2 months of age to infants born of HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive mothers.<sup>3</sup> Your readers are reminded that there are two hepatitis B vaccines currently available in this country. The neonatal dose for one of them (Recombivax HB, Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pa) varies<sup>4</sup>according to the HBsAg status of the mother, while the other (Engerix-B, Smith-Kline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) does not.<sup>5</sup>This must be taken into account
Priceless: On Knowing the Price of Everything and the Value of Nothing
Authors: Stuart W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Frank Ackerman, Lisa Heinzerling

P riceless poses an important question—how should we value the things that we cherish, such as the environment and human life, and assess risks to them? The authors reject the proposition that cost-benefit analysis can be used to assign monetary value to the environment and health because the outcomes are often antithetical to human decency. Such analysis, for example, leads to the conclusion that toxic waste should preferably be dumped on to the developing world. After all, life is already short in the developing world, and the presence of low wages and poor productivity means that the dumping will be inexpensive in both action and consequence.

Another example of cost-benefit analysis gone awry is the use of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to rank health care. QALYs provide a numerical measure of health over time and, as more good health is desirable, the effort to provide the most QALYs at the least cost appears sensible. When the …
A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of cognitive behavior therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder in terrorist‐affected people in Thailand
Authors: RICHARD A. BRYANT, SUPARAT EKASAWIN, SOMCHAI CHAKRABHAND, SOAWALUK SUWANMITRI, ORAWAN DUANGCHUN, THANANET CHANTALUCKWONG
Journal: World Psychiatry (2011)

Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the treatment of choice for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is no evidence of its success with PTSD patients still under direct threat of terrorist attacks. This study reports the first randomized controlled trial of CBT for PTSD terrorist-affected people. Twenty-eight survivors of terrorist attacks in southern Thailand were randomized to 8 sessions of either CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). CBT was modified to accommodate the realistic threats facing patients. There were independent assessments conducted before, immediately after, and 3 months following treatment. Main outcome measures included symptoms of PTSD (PTSD Symptom Scale Interview), depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief). CBT resulted in significantly greater reduction in symptoms, including PTSD, depression, and complicated grief, at follow-up than TAU. Relative to TAU, CBT had stronger effect sizes at follow-up for PTSD, depression, and complicated grief. More patients in the CBT condition (75%) achieved high end-state functioning than participants in the TAU (33%). This preliminary evidence suggests that PTSD, depression, and complicated grief can be effectively treated despite ongoing threats of terrorism. Further, it demonstrates that non-specialist mental health workers in a non-western setting can be efficiently trained in using CBT, and this training can translate into successful treatment gains in trauma-affected individuals.
The Use of Fetal Tissue in Research on Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In this issue of the Journal, three papers report that transplanting fetal tissue into the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease can substantially ameliorate the signs of this disease.1 2 3 An accompanying editorial deals with the scientific and medical aspects of this research.4 Here, we focus on the political and ethical issues.Readers will note that the funding of the two American studies was private, not public. In 1988 the Reagan administration took the extraordinary step of imposing a ban on the use of federal funds to support research of this type — that is, research involving the transplantation of . . .
Evidence of an Adaptive Response Targeting DNA Nonhomologous End Joining and Its Transmission to Bystander Cells
Authors: Holger Klammer, Munira Kadhim, George Iliakis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Adaptive response (AR) is a term describing resistance to ionizing radiation-induced killing or formation of aberrant chromosomes that is mediated by pre-exposure to low ionizing radiation doses. The mechanism of AR remains elusive. Because cell killing and chromosome aberration formation derive from erroneous processing of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), AR may reflect a modulation of DSB processing by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination repair. Here, we use plasmid end-joining assays to quantify modulations induced by low ionizing radiation doses to NHEJ, the dominant pathway of DSB repair in higher eukaryotes, and investigate propagation of this response through medium transfer to nonirradiated bystander cells. Mouse embryo fibroblasts were conditioned with 10 to 1000 mGy and NHEJ quantified at different times thereafter by challenging with reporter plasmids containing a DSB. We show robust increases in NHEJ efficiency in mouse embryo fibroblasts exposed to ionizing radiation >100 mGy, irrespective of reporter plasmid used. Human tumor cells also show AR of similar magnitude that is compromised by caffeine, an inhibitor of DNA damage signaling acting by inhibiting ATM, ATR, and DNA-PKcs. Growth medium from pre-irradiated cells induces a caffeine-sensitive AR in nonirradiated cells, similar in magnitude to that seen in irradiated cells. In bystander cells, γH2AX foci are specifically detected in late S-G(2) phase and are associated with Rad51 foci that signify the function of homologous recombination repair, possibly on DNA replication-mediated DSBs. The results point to enhanced NHEJ as a mechanism of AR and suggest that AR may be transmitted to bystander cells through factors generating replication-mediated DSBs.
Our once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
Authors: Robert E Chapin, Germaine M Buck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Longitudinal studies of the determinants of children's health are complex, costly, infrequent, and incredibly valuable. It has become clear in recent years that the periconceptional environment plays a surprisingly large role in the health of the resulting child. This short introduction to this mini-monograph briefly recaps the articles included herein and reminds us that adequate forethought and planning will result in a study that could shed new light on the earliest determinants of children's health and thereby fill critical data gaps.
Impaired Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Amy Richter, Michael E. Yeager, Ari Zaiman, Carlyne D. Cool, Norbert F. Voelkel, Rubin M. Tuder
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Mutations in transforming growth factor-beta family receptor-II, bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2, and activin-like kinase-1 have been associated with pulmonary hypertension. In the present study, we determined that pulmonary arteries in normal lungs and in lungs of patients with emphysema and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension comparably expressed transforming growth factor-beta receptors I and II, Smad(1, 5, 8), Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad(1, 5, 8), and phosphorylated Smad2 (the latter two both indicative of active in vivo signaling) in endothelial cells, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphometry. Medial or intimal smooth muscle cells had weak or absent expression of these molecules. In clear contrast to endothelial cell expression in pulmonary arteries and in endothelial cells lining incipient vessels within plexiform lesions of hypertensive lungs, endothelial cells present in the core of the lesions lacked expression of all examined members of the signaling molecules. These findings were made irrespective of the mutation status of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 in hypertensive patients. Our findings suggest that pulmonary artery endothelial cells in both normal and severely hypertensive lungs have active transforming growth factor-beta family signaling, and that loss of signaling might contribute to the abnormal growth of endothelial cells in plexiform lesions in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Global changes in climate will affect health
Authors: A. Haines
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The potential impact on health of global changes in the climate is far reaching and will require new investment and international cooperation, it emerged at a conference in Washington earlier this month. The conference heard that effects ranging from pollution and the direct effects of heat to the altered distribution of diseases and the emergence of new diseases will probably be experienced within the lifetime of those currently studying them.

The nine warmest years this century have all occurred since 1980, and the temperature has now rebounded from the transient cooling of 0.5°C caused …
BIOMARKERS AND CMR WITH LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PROCEDURE-RELATED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS: A PROSPECTIVE TRIAL USING THE THIRD UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Whady Hueb, Cesar Nomura, Alexandre V. Villa, Jose Parga, Leandro Costa, Rodrigo MV Melo, Fernando TC Oikawa, Celia Strunz, Paulo Rezende, Eduardo Lima, Cibele L. Garzillo, Expedito E. Ribeiro, Alexandre Hueb, Carlos Serrano, Jose Ramires, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Viral Hepatitis, Type B (MS-2 Strain)
Authors: Saul Krugman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A specific hepatitis B immune serum globulin preparation was effective for the prevention or modification of viral hepatitis, type B. All 11 children who had a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum had evidence of hepatitis B infection after an average incubation period of 68 days. In contrast, of ten children who received hepatitis B immune serum globulin four hours after a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum, (1) six were completely protected, five with evidence of passive-active immunity, (2) one had a transient infection for six days followed by the appearance of antibody, and (3) three had classical viral hepatitis, type B, after an average incubation period of 110 days. Under the conditions of this controlled study hepatitis B immune serum globulin was 70% effective.
The world looks small when you only look through a telescope: The need for a broad and developmental study of reasoning
Authors: Darcia Narvaez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract If the target article represents the summary findings of the field, reasoning research is deeply flawed. The vision is too narrow and seems to fall into biological determinism. Humans use reasoning in effective ways apparently not studied by researchers, such as reasoning for action. Moreover, as the brain develops through adulthood and from experience so do reasoning capabilities.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN 12-MONTH HEALTH STATUS IN YOUNG PATIENTS FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: RESULTS FROM THE VIRGO STUDY (VARIATION IN RECOVERY: ROLE OF GENDER ON OUTCOMES OF YOUNG ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS)
Authors: Rachel P. Dreyer, Yongfei Wang, Kelly Strait, Nancy Lorenze, Gail D’Onofrio, Hector Bueno, Judith Lichtman, John Spertus, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A T helper cell for anti-viral cytotoxic T-cell responses.
Authors: R B Ashman, A Müllbacher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

We demonstrate here: (a) the existence of T helper (Th) cells that augment the generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro, (b) that the helper cells carry the theta and Ly 1 membrane antigens, (c) that activation of the Th effect is specific for viral antigens, and (d) that the delivery of help is not H-2 restricted.
A4.6 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands inhibit osteoclastogenesis by blocking RANKL-induced calcium-oscillation and induction of NFATC1 and CFOS
Authors: P Mandl, D Győri, T Karonitsch, S Blüml, S Hayer, A Mócsai, JS Smolen, K Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background/Objectives</h3> We have previously shown that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are key regulators of osteoclastogenesis (1)<b>.</b> NAChRs permit the movement of Ca2+, the intracellular oscillation of which is known to play an essential role in mediating the effects of RANKL on osteoclastogenesis. We therefore elucidated the potential effects of nAChR ligands on RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillation. To assess downstream elements of the RANK pathway, we also evaluated their effect on the transcription factors NFATc1 and c-fos. <h3>Methods</h3> For intracellular Ca2+ -measurement, murine osteoclast precursors (pOCs) were incubated with 5 μM Fura-2-AM and 0.05% pluronic F-127 for 30min at 37°C, then post-incubated in HBSS media containing Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were detected with a fluorescent microscope (Visitron Systems). Images were scanned and plotted at 5sec intervals at 340 and 380 nm wavelengths. Evaluation of images was carried out with MetaFluor software. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed using mRNA extracted from osteoclasts and the amount of dsDNA was quantified using SYBR Green I as detected by a LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). For Western blot, BMMs were incubated with M-CSF for 1-7 days and treated with RANKL and/or nicotine. Protein extracts were separated by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel, followed by electrotransfer onto nitrocellulose membrane and incubation with monoclonal antibodies against NFATc1, c-fos and actin. <h3>Results</h3> POCs show characteristic Ca2+ oscillations after 72h treatment with RANKL. Treatment with the nonspecific nAChR agonist nicotine, its physiological ligand acetylcholine (ACh) and the α7 nAChR agonist PNU-282987 led to marked, immediate abrogation of RANKL-induced Ca2+ oscillation. To evaluate the nature of this inhibition, we added the α7 nAChR antagonist alpha-BTX, which caused a similar effect. We next added the non-specific nAChR antagonist mecamylamine shortly before treating oscillating BMMs with ACh, and found that in such conditions ACh failed to inhibit Ca2+ oscillations. In pOCs subjected to prolonged exposure (72h) with high-dose nicotine, concomitant treatment with RANKL failed to induce characteristic Ca2+ oscillations. In qPCR and Western blot experiments nicotine inhibited the induction of c-fos and NFATc1 after 24h stimulation with RANKL and reduced the production of NFATc1 isoforms B and C after 7 days of stimulation with RANKL. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have shown that nAChR ligands inhibit Ca2+ -oscillation in pOCs, which blocks the RANKL-induced expression and accumulation of c-fos and NFATc1. These results elucidate our earlier findings that nAChRs are key players in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis in mice. <h3>References</h3> Mandl P et al<i>.</i><i>Ann Rheum Dis</i> 2011;70:99
An assessment of the fibrinolytic system in hemophilia A
Authors: M. Elaine Eyster, Gary Wahl, James O. Ballard, Jeffrey Sanders
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract The fibrinolytic system was assessed in 28 hemophiliacs using the chromogenic substrate H‐D‐Val‐Leu‐Lys‐pNA. To determine whether a state of hyperfibrinolysis might be associated with Factor VIII replacement therapy, 14 patients with severe disease who were intensively treated with Factor VIII concentrates were compared with 14 patients with mild disease who were receiving infrequent transfusions with cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma. Seventeen normal males served as controls. With the exception of an elevated level of plasminogen activator and a decreased level of immediate antiplasmin in the mild group only, no evidence of enhanced fibrinolysis was found. Other components of the fibrinolytic system were either normal (plasmin) or increased (progressive antiplasmin containng both α 2 PI and α 2 M, and plasminogen). The elevated plasminogen levels were found only in the severe intensively transfused group. The elevated progressive antiplasmin levels were found in both groups of patients and did not appear to be related to transfusions. These findings do not support the concept of enhanced fibrinolysis associated with intensive Factor VIII replacement therapy.
Isotope shortage is limiting nuclear medicine across Europe
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A worldwide shortage of medical isotopes used as radiotracers in molecular imaging will persist at least until the end of September, limiting European hospitals to between 20% and 40% of their usual nuclear medicine activities, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine warned this week.

Wolfram Knapp, the association’s president elect, said that with three of the five global nuclear reactors supplying medical isotopes still shut down, it is too early to determine when supplies will return to normal. But he cautioned: “The end of September is a best case scenario.”

In the meantime drug companies will have to ration deliveries of isotopes. Most hospitals receive isotope deliveries once a week, Dr Knapp said, but deliveries around Europe this week were generally about half of the normal quantities, and levels next week are expected to be even lower.

Although 80% of molecular imaging investigations are not …
Jacob Bigelow, Professor of Materia Medica at Harvard
Authors: George Packer Berry
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In the Jan 4 issue of The Journal (191:47-48), Jacob Bigelow, father of Henry Jacob Bigelow, is mentioned as the first professor of materia medica at Harvard Medical School. Mr. Robert W. Lovett, the School's Archivist, has confirmed my belief that Jacob Bigelow was the second person appointed to this position. The first was Aaron Dexter, who served as Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica from 1783 to 1791 and as Erving Professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica from 1791 to 1816. When Dexter retired in 1816, that part of the professorship relating to materia medica became vacant. Jacob Bigelow, who had been Lecturer on Materia Medica and Botany from 1815, was appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Botany in 1818, and he held that office until 1855.
Jejunal inflammatory granuloma: a complication of direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
Authors: S. Nishiwaki, Y. Shirakami, T. Hayashi, K. Saitoh
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 75-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for follow-up treatment after an intracerebral bleed on 5 February 2002. We placed a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) on 5 March 2002 for enteral feeding. She developed frequent vomiting of the nutrients administered through the PEG tube 26 months after PEG placement. We tried gastric motility stimulant drugs, but these were ineffective, and on 21 June 2004 we performed a direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (D-PEJ). A one-step button (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was placed approximately 15 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, according to methods described previously [1].
Oestrogen doesn't protect mental function in older women
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The “oestrogen only” treatment arm of the women's health initiative memory study shows that oestrogen does not protect against mild cognitive impairment or dementia and slightly increases the risk, say two reports published in JAMA (2004;291: 2947-58, 2959-68).Mild cognitive impairment strongly predicts dementia.

Previous studies have suggested that oestrogen might prevent cognitive decline, said Lon Schneider, professor of psychiatry, neurology, and gerontology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, who commented on the …
561 RECONSTITUTION OF HBV SPECIFIC IMMUNITY VIA RETROVIRAL GENE TRANSFER OF A HBV CORE SPECIFIC T CELL RECEPTOR IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS
Authors: A.J. Gehring, S.A. Xue, S.G. Lim, M.K. Maini, H. Stauss, A. Bertoletti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)