tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Countercurrent diffusion in the renal cortex of the rabbit.
Authors: R M Effros, K Taki, E Reid, P Silverman
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Evidence was obtained for countercurrent diffusion of 14C-n-butanol in the rabbit renal cortex. After injection into the renal artery of perfused, isolated rabbit kidneys, concentrations of both 14C-butanol and tritiated water in the initial samples collected from the renal venous outflow exceeded those of 125I-albumin when the rate of perfusion was low. When flow was increased, the 125I-albumin curve was shifted to earlier times relative to the other labels. These observations confirm the existence of arteriovenous diffusion of 14C-butanol and tritiated water in the kidney. In a second set of experiments, 14C-butanol and tritiated water were infused for 10 or 60 seconds into the renal arteries of anesthetized rabbits, and the kidneys were then removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cores were cut from the kidney surface and sectioned in a cryostat, and the ratio of 14C-butanol to tritiated water was calculated at increasing depths in the cortex. This ratio rose from 0.54 +/- 0.03 (SEM) at the surface to 0.98 +/- 0.07 at 3 mm beneath the surface in kidneys perfused for 10 seconds. This gradient was less steep after 60 seconds of perfusion. The early appearance of 14C-butanol relative to tritiated water in the renal venous outflow and delayed equilibration of 14C-butanol in the outer renal cortical tissue are consistent with counter-current diffusion. It is suggested that this exchange may occur between adjoining interlobular arteries and veins in the cortex and may contribute to high carbon dioxide tensions found near the renal surface.
Adjuvant Therapy of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Marc Buyse
Journal: JAMA (1988)

All randomized controlled trials of adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer, published up to December 1986 in English, were reviewed. Eight trials compared radiotherapy groups with control groups in rectal cancer (3062 patients), and 17 trials compared chemotherapy groups with control groups in colorectal cancer (6791 patients). The results of trials testing radiotherapy or chemotherapy were combined. Fluorouracil-containing regimens resulted in a small benefit of therapy in terms of overall survival, with a mortality odds ratio of 0.83 in favor of therapy (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.98). All other combinations of trials failed to show statistically significant differences between treated and control patients, even though the odds of death tended to be slightly lower in treated patients, especially those with rectal tumors. Some overall survival benefit from adjuvant therapy cannot be excluded, but it is likely small. Such small benefit, if real, would be far from negligible in a common case of malignancy with long survival expectancy. Trials much larger than those published up to now are needed. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3571-3578)
What is embodied: “A-not-B error” or delayed-response learning?
Authors: George F. Michel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The procedures used to ensure reliable occurrences of the A-not-B error distort and miss essential features of Piaget's original observations. A model that meshes a mental event, highly restricted by testing procedures, to the dynamics of bodily movement is of limited value. To embody more than just perseverative reaching, the formal model must incorporate Piaget's essential features.
Why is India short of nurses and what can we do about it?
Authors: Soumyadeep Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To evaluate the association of vitamin D level with insulin resistance, among healthy student’s obese women, and to identify factors that may elucidate this association. <h3>Methods:</h3> One hundred and forty-seven female students between the age group of 18 and 25 years were included in this cross-sectional study, and the related socio-demographic and anthropometric data were obtained. They were selected randomly from Aljouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia between November 2013 and June 2014. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D), glucose, insulin was measured and insulin resistance was calculated using the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). <h3>Results:</h3> The results showed the percentage of 25[OH]D concentration in female students was 21.3% sufficient, 59.6% mild deficiency, and 19.3% moderate deficiency. The percentage of waist circumferences (WC) were 41.3% (&gt;88 cm) and 58.7% (&lt;88 cm), body mass index (BMI) was 13.6% (obese) and 31.8% (over weight), blood pressure (BP) was 65.7% (&lt;130/85 mm Hg), and 33.2% (&gt;130/85 mm Hg). Based on the cut-off point of 25[OH]D, 17.4% of females had 25[OH]D deficiency, 27.3% insufficient, and 55.3% sufficient. When the females were classified according to the BMI category, the serum 25[OH]D concentrations for obese was the lowest value (54.6%) when compared with the overweight (31.8%) and normal weight (0.9%). 25[OH]D was inversely associated with BMI, fat%, and HOMA-IR. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in women of Saudi who are university students especially in those who are obese. Preventive interventions in order to reduce the tendency of deficiency among college students should focus on the awareness of the essentiality of vitamin D promotion of direct exposure to sunlight (vitamin D3) and consumption of vitamin D fortified food as a part of Saudi diets.
TMC1 and TMC2 Are Components of the Mechanotransduction Channel in Hair Cells of the Mammalian Inner Ear
Authors: Bifeng Pan, Gwenaelle S. Géléoc, Yukako Asai, Geoffrey C. Horwitz, Kiyoto Kurima, Kotaro Ishikawa, Yoshiyuki Kawashima, Andrew J. Griffith, Jeffrey R. Holt
Journal: Neuron (2013)
A Comparison of Orthodiagraphic and Teleroentgenography: Measurements of the Heart and Thorax
Authors: PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 October 1932A Comparison of Orthodiagraphic and Teleroentgenography: Measurements of the Heart and ThoraxPAUL D. WHITE, M.D., F.A.C.P., PAUL D. CAMP, M.D.PAUL D. WHITE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL D. CAMP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-4-469 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOrthodiagraphy was first introduced by Moritz thirty years ago. In his first article on this subject (Münch. med. Wchnschr., No. 29, July 17, 1900) he explains that because of the fact that roentgen rays originate from a point on the anti-cathode and from this point radially diverge, the shadow which they produce will necessarily be distorted in triangular proportion to the distance of the object from the anti-cathode. The teleroentgenogram will always be larger than the object. In order to overcome this error Moritz devised a method by which he could cut out all the rays except the true central...Bibliography DIETLEN H: Wien. klin. Rundschau, 1905, xix, 355. Quoted from Dietlen, H.: Orthodiagraphie und Teleröntgenographie als Methoden der Herzmessung, Münch. med. Wchnschr., 1913, lx, 1763. Google Scholar GOCHT H: Handbuch der Röntgenlehre, 1898. Quoted from Köhler, A.: Teleröntgenographie des Herzens, Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1908, xxxiv, 186. Google Scholar GROEDEL FM: Die Röntgendiagnostik der Herz- und Gefässerkrankungen, Verlag von Hermann Meusser, Berlin, 1912. Google Scholar KÖHLER A: Teleröntgenographie des Herzens, Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1908, xxxiv, 186. CrossrefGoogle Scholar MORITZ F: Eine Methode um beim Röntgenverfahren aus dem Schattenbilde eines Gegenstandes dessen wahre Grosse zur ermitteln (Orthodiagraphie) und die exacte Bestimmung der Herzgrosse nach diesem Verfahren, Münch. med. Wchnschr., 1900, xlvii, 992. Google Scholar ROSENFELD G: Die Diagnostik innerer Krankheiten mittels Röntgenstrahlen, Wiesbaden, Bergmann, 1897. Google Scholar VAN ZWALUWENBURG JG: Letter to Dr. Crane (dated March 28, 1919). Reproduced in Editorial Section, Am. Jour. Roent., 1922, ix, 326. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLa ortodiagrafíaMöglichkeiten zur Messung der wahren ObjektgrößeGrößenbestimmungenDie Herz-LungenkorrelationA comparison of the orthodiagram with the teleoroentgenogram 1 October 1932Volume 6, Issue 4Page: 469-481KeywordsHeartThorax Issue Published: 1 October 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Screening Breast Cancer By Thermography
Authors: Harold L. Karpman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to briefly comment on the article entitled "Theremography and Mass Screening of Occult Breast Cancer"<b>204</b>:419, 1968. This paper has left many of my colleagues with the impression that thermography is of no value as a screening procedure in occult carcinoma of the female breast, and I believe this impression to be totally incorrect. Several published articles<sup>1-3</sup>and papers<sup>4,5</sup>have been presented which clearly demonstrate that thermography is of value in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. An extensive survey<sup>5</sup>concluded that 80% of investigators with considerable experience in breast thermography "retain their enthusiasm and believe that thermography should play a significant role in screening for breast cancer." These investigators "appear to be in agreement that a very large proportion of breast cancers are detectable by thermography (possibly eight or nine out of ten)."<sup>5</sup>Hitchcock's major concern was with
Role of Blood Pressure in Stroke
Authors: Ormond V. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My comments concern the article by Kannel et al, entitled, "Epidemiologic Assessment of the Role of Blood Pressure in Stroke" (<b>214:</b>301, 1970). According to the data presented there is a close parallelism between an elevated systolic or diastolic pressure as measured at an initial examination and the development of brain infarction in the subsequent 14 years followup. I could find no data to show that the people involved had sustained hypertension on biennial examinations. No data rule out the possibility that the worse the presenting hypertension the more antihypertensive treatment, with the consequence that it would be these individuals who would suffer the greatest sleeping cerebral hypotension with subsequent sludging-infarcts. I would like to know what fraction of brain infarctions occurred while the patients were asleep.
TREATMENT OF INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEW-BORN
Authors: CLIFFORD G. GRULEE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The adoption of any form of treatment for any condition should depend on whether that treatment is rational from the standpoint of known facts concerning the condition, or on a long experience, the success of which amply justifies the measures.  Of the conditions that are known to be especially fatal to the new-born infant, none is more frequent than intracranial hemorrhage. It is therefore quite necessary that we consider this condition from the standpoint of treatment since remedial measures, if successful, will go far toward reducing infant mortality in the first week of life. A short consideration of the pathology and symptomatology should serve as a background for successful treatment.  The hemorrhages in question usually occur on the surface of the brain most often over the convexity, but at times beneath the tentorium. Sometimes the hemorrhage occurs within the ventricle frequently leading to rupture of the ventricle and to the
THE HEREDITY OF A CONGENITAL WHITE SPOTTING IN NEGROES
Authors: Clyde E. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Numerous isolated cases of congenitally piebald Negroes are recorded in the early literature. Little is known of the parents or progeny in these cases. The individuals described by Ptolemy, Apollonius, Gumilla, La Mothe, Blumenbach, Arthaud and Le Vallois, and the ones painted by Le Masurier and by Da Rocha were probably of the same type as those with which this paper is concerned, but several of these authors may have described the same individual. The more recent accounts of Piffard, Maas, Gould and Pyle, Baudouin, Levi, Frassetto, Hutchinson, and Simpson and Castle (all reviewed and with complete bibliography<sup>1</sup>) doubtless all refer to members of the family to be discussed here. In the several published pictures of members of this family, the clothing has interfered with a complete portrayal of the character. Individual 4 in the pedigree chart shows normal pigmentation to be present on the head, back, hands and
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor: A Window into the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Mineral Ion Metabolism
Authors: NAIBEDYA CHATTOPADHYAY, AMBRISH MITHAL, EDWARD M. BROWN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

The recent cloning of a [Ca2+]o-sensing receptor from several different tissues in several species directly demonstrates that a variety of cells can directly recognize and respond to small changes in their ambient level of [Ca2+]o through a G protein-coupled, cell surface receptor. This finding directly documents that [Ca2+]o can act as an extracellular, first messenger in addition to subserving its better known role as an intracellular second messenger. Several of the tissues expressing the CaR are important elements in the calcium homeostatic system that have long been known to be capable of sensing [Ca2+]o, such as parathyroid and thyroidal C cells. The presence of the receptor in the kidney, however, provides strong evidence that several of the long-recognized but poorly understood direct actions of [Ca2+]o on renal function could be mediated by the CaR. These actions include the up-regulation of urinary calcium and magnesium excretion in the setting of hypercalcemia, which complements the indirect inhibition of renal tubular reabsorption of calcium that results from high [Ca2+]o-mediated inhibition for PTH secretion. The impaired renal concentrating capacity in hypercalcemia is likely a manifestation of a homeostatically important interaction between the regulation of renal calcium and water handling that reduces the risk of pathological deposition of calcium in the kidney when there is a need to dispose of excess, calcium in the urine. In this regard, the availability of human syndromes of [Ca2+]o "resistance" or "overresponsiveness" due to loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in the CaR, respectively, have provided useful experiments in nature that have clarified the importance of the receptor in both abnormal and normal physiology. Much remains to be learned, however, about the role of the CaR in locations, such as the brain, where it likely responds to local rather than systemic levels of [Ca2+]o. In such sites, it may represent an important modulator of neuronal function, responding to [Ca2+]o as a neuromodulator or even neurotransmitter. The development of therapeutics that either activate or inhibit the function of the CaR may be useful for treating a variety of conditions in which the receptor is either under- or overactive. Finally, it would not be surprising to discover additional receptors for [Ca2+]o or for other ions (the CaR may, in fact, be an important [Mg2+]o-sensor) that could function abnormally in certain disease states and be amenable to pharmacological manipulation with ion receptor-based therapeutics.
OTO-MASSAGE IN SUPPURATION OF THE EAR; ITS VALUE FOR THE RELIEF OF DEAFNESS AND IN THE TREATMENT OF THE SUPPURATION.
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Upon several occasions I have presented various aspects of oto-massage, but, beyond having noted in one of my papers that I considered the deafness occasioned by suppurative disease of the middle ear peculiarly favorable in its reaction to massage, I have not publicly considered suppurative disease in connection with the subject. I have often been asked the value of the method in the deafness and tinnitus, the results of suppurative disease. On expressing my opinion that it was of especial value in both conditions, I have naturally been lead to explain why this was the case. In considering the value of massage in the treatment of cases of suppurative disease or of the defects from suppurative disease, the subject naturally divides itself into two parts: 1, the consideration of its application and value in cases undergoing suppuration; 2, its importance in those in which the suppuration has ceased, deafness being
264 DEFICIENCY IN PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR CAUSES A DECREASED PORTO-SYSTEMIC COLLATERAL VESSEL FORMATION IN PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE MICE
Authors: C. Van Steenkiste, A. Geerts, E. Vanheule, H. Van Vlierberghe, F. De Vos, P. Carmeliet, M. De Vos, I. Colle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Mechanism of Accommodation of the Eye
Authors: A. T. Norton
Journal: BMJ (1873)

dition of dryness is met with in winter in all apartments warmed by artificial heat.This is not felt where there are open fireplaces ; but, if stoves be employed, then all the unfavourable conditions forinsomnia are present, unless the amount of heat and moisture be duly regulated.According to Dr. Cornelius Fox, air, containing a healthful amount of moisture, exhibits a difference of about five degrees between the wet and dry bulbs of a hygrometer.If the difference be greater, moisture -should be added.As to the best posture to assume on going to sleep, I think little need be said.Dr. Radcliffe has lately recommended natural decubitus to ensure sleep, but, lest this seem paradoxical, it should be added that this advice is for bedridden persons, the subjects of chronic nervous disorders, and the plan suggested is in opposition to a sitting posture to be maintained during the day by a suitable bed-support.In the case of otherwise healthy people who suffer from heat and throbbing in the head as part of their insomnia, a posture with the head somewhat high is desirable in order to promote sleep upon physiological principles.A hard pillow thould also be employed in such cases.In conclusion, I would remark that the best knowledge we now possess, as to the action of the drugs commonlyused to secure sleep, shows us that both bromide of potassium and chloral hydrate cause diminishedl amount of blood to circulate through the brain; and hence, as in many similar cases, the advance of the science of therapeutics has shed light upon the mysteries of pathology.
A framework for measuring costs to society of IgE‐mediated food allergy
Authors: S. Miles, R. Fordham, C. Mills, E. Valovirta, M. Mugford
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Both immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergy and food intolerance can lead to many changes in personal behaviour and health care resource use which have important economic consequences. These costs will impact directly, indirectly and intangibly on both individuals and society in general. It is important to measure the cost of illness (COI) of food allergy as a first step in developing and evaluating measures to reduce and control the burden of illness. This paper outlines a framework for assessing COI of food allergy from different viewpoints. It offers a structure for identifying the different cost impacts on allergic and nonallergic consumers, food producers and society as a whole, and for scoping, measurement and valuation of relevant costs. Within this structure, the existing literature is reviewed. This review illustrates the lack of information and clear methodology for assessing costs of food allergy. The paper concludes that there is a need for a more structured research programme to generate data essential for future evaluations of procedures and technologies for the diagnosis, treatment and management of food allergy.
TLR4- and TRIF-dependent stimulation of B lymphocytes by peptide liposomes enables T cell–independent isotype switch in mice
Authors: Maria Pihlgren, Alberto B. Silva, Rime Madani, Valérie Giriens, Ying Waeckerle-Men, Antonia Fettelschoss, David T. Hickman, María Pilar López-Deber, Dorin Mlaki Ndao, Marija Vukicevic, Anna Lucia Buccarello, Valérie Gafner, Nathalie Chuard, Pedro Reis, Kasia Piorkowska, Andrea Pfeifer, Thomas M. Kündig, Andreas Muhs, Pål Johansen
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract 1043: Connexin might be involved in anti-cancer combination effect of sunitinib and sodium butyrate.
Authors: Miaki Uzu, Hiromi Sato, Rina Suzuki, Hiroko Okuzawa, Sana Siddig, Guligena Tuerdi, Sayumi Suzuki, Yuki Nomura, Yuko Sekine, Tomohiro Yano, Koichi Ueno
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sunitinib (SU) is a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). It is more effective for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment than conventional immunotherapy, but it causes the resistance and severe side effects in some cases. As a combination therapy might be one solution for them, we paid attention to sodium butyrate (NaBu). It is classified into histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and it is reported HDAC inhibitors can enhance anti-cancer effect of existent drugs including TKI. So, we examined combination effect of SU and NaBu. And to reveal the target of this combination, we examined effects of SU and NaBu on connexin (Cx), which is a component of gap junction (GJ) and tumor suppressors. We assessed effect of SU and NaBu combination on ACHN (human RCC cell line) cell proliferation by MTT assay and this combination exhibited a synergistic anti-proliferative effect. By real-time PCR, we detected up-regulation of Cx32 mRNA by NaBu. Moreover, NaBu depicted the up-regulated Cx32 protein expression, which was observed by confocal fluorescence microscope. Hemi-channel (Cx hexamer) function was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) uptake into cells. We found both SU and NaBu enhanced PI uptake significantly. GJ function was assessed by scrape-loading. It was confirmed GJ didn't function in ACHN cells and neither SU nor NaBu affected its function. So, it was suggested NaBu could up-regulate Cx32 expression and both SU and NaBu could enhance hemi-channel function. However, we couldn't reveal whether GJ was related to enhancing SU sensitivity. So, we used GJ positive or negative H28 (human malignant mesothelioma cell line) to reveal this matter. As a result, GJ positive cells were more sensitive to SU than negative ones. On the other hand, inhibition of GJ function didn't restore viability of GJ positive cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated the combination therapy of SU and NaBu had synergistic anti-proliferative effect, so it could be a prominent therapy for RCC. Furthermore, we found Cx could be involved in this combination effect, which might be performed in GJ-independent manner. Citation Format: Miaki Uzu, Hiromi Sato, Rina Suzuki, Hiroko Okuzawa, Sana Siddig, Guligena Tuerdi, Sayumi Suzuki, Yuki Nomura, Yuko Sekine, Tomohiro Yano, Koichi Ueno. Connexin might be involved in anti-cancer combination effect of sunitinib and sodium butyrate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1043
Usefulness of 201 Tl in Evaluating Regional Myocardial Perfusion
Authors: STEWART M. SPIES, VINCENT BARRESI, SHERIDAN N. MEYERS, KENNETH R. HETZEL, BENJAMIN LUMICAO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A comparison of stress and rest 201 Tl myocardial perfusion images with selective coronary arteriography was undertaken to determine the role of the radioisotope procedure in evaluating patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Twenty-three patients were examined by both techniques. The results indicate that 201Tl imaging correlates well with arteriographic findings. False positive 201 Tl studies were not encountered when strict criteria of interpretation were applied. It is concluded that 201 Tl imaging can be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with ischemic heart disease.