tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA over a wide range from serum for studying viral replicative activity in response to treatment and in recurrent infection
Authors: Marjut Ranki, Hermann M. Schätzl, Reinhart Zachoval, Mikko Uusi-Oukari, Päivi Lehtovaara
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A new standardized test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA with increased sensitivity and range over previous assays (30 to 10(6) HBV genomes/test) was evaluated in this study. The quantitative results from the test have been validated using international reference specimens of known titer and a reference solution hybridization test. The test has small variability considering the wide dynamic range. The CV was 14% within one experiment and 32% to 39% between independent experiments. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative, anti-HBc-positive blood donor sera (n = 25) were all negative for HBV DNA in the new test, whereas 63% (n = 19) of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers had measurable quantities of HBV DNA. In five example cases of chronic hepatitis B patients responding to alfa-interferon treatment but remaining virus positive, HBV DNA was consistently present in posttreatment sera in a titer range 4 x 10(3) to 10(6)/mL not detectable by the conventional hybridization test. In two complete responders, the HBV DNA titer decreased over six orders of magnitude to below cutoff of the test. In four liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B, viral recurrence was detected by the new test at an early stage much before the clinical relapse. Unlike serology, the test was suitable also in patients under anti-HBs immunoprophylaxis. In conclusion, the new colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test allowed thousandfold increased sensitivity in quantification of HBV DNA in patient sera. The test may have future applications in improving assessment of efficacy of antiviral treatment and guiding therapeutic interventions.
Fatal Tricuspid Valve Obstruction due to a Large Infected Thrombus Attached to a Hickman Catheter
Authors: Anuradha Chakravarthy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

LONG-TERM home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been associated with septic, mechanical, and metabolic complications.<sup>1,2</sup>We recently observed a catheter-related complication that has not, to our knowledge, been reported in an adult. A large infected thrombus was attached to the tip of a Hickman catheter and obstructed the tricuspid orifice; it was probably the source of the patient's fever of undetermined origin, metastatic soft-tissue infections, and death. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old woman with a history of arthritic symptoms was diagnosed to have progressive systemic sclerosis on the basis of Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, finger ulcers, dysphagia, telangiectasis, antinuclear antibody (positive at a 1:4096 titer, nucleolar pattern), and rheumatoid factor (reactive at a 1:640 titer). During the next two years, her symptoms worsened. She was hospitalized three times in two months for recurrent bouts of intestinal pseudo-obstruction. A Hickman catheter was placed for HPN after efforts at enteral nutrition failed.
Comminuted Fracture Dislocation of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Turner: This 53-year-old truck driver fell on an icy sidewalk, injuring his left shoulder. Despite considerable pain, marked swelling, and ecchymosis about the shoulder, the patient did not come to the hospital until 24 hours following his injury. Physical examination revealed marked ecchymosis and swelling about the left shoulder. There was no evidence of damage to the circumflex nerve. Circulation and sensation in the upper extremity were normal. X-ray films demonstrated a fracture-dislocation of the left shoulder with the shaft of the humerus displaced superiorly into the shoulder joint and the humeral head displaced anteriorly and inferiorly. There was comminution of both the greater and lesser tuberosities (Fig 1,2,3). Dr. Aufranc: This patient has sustained a very severe fracture dislocation of the shoulder with at least four separate fragments visible: the greater tuberosity, the lesser tuberosity, the dislocated humeral head, and the shaft of the humerus. This injury is
Exposure of human proximal tubule cells to cd2+, zn2+, and Cu2+ induces metallothionein protein accumulation but not metallothionein isoform 2 mRNA.
Authors: S H Garrett, S Somji, J H Todd, D A Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The organization of the human metallothionein (MT) gene family is more complex than the commonly used mouse and rat models. The human MTs are encoded by a family of genes consisting of 10 functional and 7 nonfunctional MT isoforms. One objective of this study was to determine if the accumulation of MT protein in cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells exposed to metals is similar to that expected from the knowledge base obtained from rodent models. To accomplish this objective, HPT cells were exposed to both lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ and MT protein levels were determined. The results were in general agreement with animal model studies, although there were some exceptions, mainly in areas where the animal model database was limited. In clear agreement with animal models, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ were demonstrated to be potent inducers of MT protein accumulation. In contrast to the similarity in MT protein expression, we obtained evidence that the human renal MT-2 gene has a unique pattern of regulation compared to both animal models and human-derived cell cultures. In the present study, we determined that MT-2A mRNA was not induced by exposure of HPT cells to Cd2+ or the other metals, a finding in contrast to studies in both animal models and other human cell culture systems in which a high level of MT-2 mRNA induction occurs upon exposure to Cd2+ or Zn2+. While MT protein expression may be similar between humans and animal models, this finding provides initial evidence that regulation of the genes underlying MT protein expression may be divergent between species.
Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for uncomplicated ureteral stone--the STONE score: retrospective and prospective observational cohort studies
Authors: C. L. Moore, S. Bomann, B. Daniels, S. Luty, A. Molinaro, D. Singh, C. P. Gross
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To derive and validate an objective clinical prediction rule for the presence of uncomplicated ureteral stones in patients eligible for computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that patients with a high probability of ureteral stones would have a low probability of acutely important alternative findings. <b>Design</b> Retrospective observational derivation cohort; prospective observational validation cohort. <b>Setting</b> Urban tertiary care emergency department and suburban freestanding community emergency department. <b>Participants</b> Adults undergoing non-contrast CT for suspected uncomplicated kidney stone. The derivation cohort comprised a random selection of patients undergoing CT between April 2005 and November 2010 (1040 patients); the validation cohort included consecutive prospectively enrolled patients from May 2011 to January 2013 (491 patients). <b>Main outcome measures</b> In the derivation phase a priori factors potentially related to symptomatic ureteral stone were derived from the medical record blinded to the dictated CT report, which was separately categorized by diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the top five factors associated with ureteral stone and these were assigned integer points to create a scoring system that was stratified into low, moderate, and high probability of ureteral stone. In the prospective phase this score was observationally derived blinded to CT results and compared with the prevalence of ureteral stone and important alternative causes of symptoms. <b>Results</b> The derivation sample included 1040 records, with five factors found to be most predictive of ureteral stone: male sex, short duration of pain, non-black race, presence of nausea or vomiting, and microscopic hematuria, yielding a score of 0-13 (the STONE score). Prospective validation was performed on 491 participants. In the derivation and validation cohorts ureteral stone was present in, respectively, 8.3% and 9.2% of the low probability (score 0-5) group, 51.6% and 51.3% of the moderate probability (score 6-9) group, and 89.6% and 88.6% of the high probability (score 10-13) group. In the high score group, acutely important alternative findings were present in 0.3% of the derivation cohort and 1.6% of the validation cohort. <b>Conclusions</b> The STONE score reliably predicts the presence of uncomplicated ureteral stone and lower likelihood of acutely important alternative findings. Incorporation in future investigations may help to limit exposure to radiation and over-utilization of imaging. <b>Trial registration</b>www.clinicaltrials.govNCT01352676.
Paul Austin Chandler, MD
Authors: Richard J. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Porokeratosis of Mibelli after renal transplantation
Authors: A.L. MACMILLAN, S.O.B. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Porokeratosis of Mibelli after renal transplantation Get access A.L. MACMILLAN, A.L. MACMILLAN Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.O.B. ROBERTS S.O.B. ROBERTS Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 1, 1 January 1974, Pages 45–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06361.x Published: 01 January 1974 Article history Accepted: 20 May 1973 Published: 01 January 1974
A new density gradient system for the separation of human red blood cells
Authors: Luciano Vettore, Maria Concetta De Matteis, Patrizia Zampini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

A new density system for the separation of human red blood cells by density-gradient centrifugation is described. The gradient medium is made with colloidal silica particles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone suspended in aqueous solution of meglamine diatrizoate. By this method, more than 10 red-cell fractions can be separated. These show different ages (by creatine content and 59Fe in vivo labelling) and different characteristics (ie, potassium content). A 40-fold enrichment in reticulocytes can be obtained in the top layers, with a great improvement of specific activity in labelling procedures of newly synthesized globin chains. The method is simple, rapid, inexpensive, reliable, nontoxic for erythrocytes, and is suitable for globin synthesis and other studies of erythrocyte metabolism.
No Small Change for the Health Information Economy
Authors: Kenneth D. Mandl, Isaac S. Kohane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The economic stimulus package signed by President Barack Obama on February 17 included a $19 billion investment in health information technology. How can we best take advantage of this unprecedented opportunity to computerize health care and stimulate the health information economy while also stimulating the U.S. economy? A health care system adapting to the effects of an aging population, growing expenditures, and a diminishing primary care workforce needs the support of a flexible information infrastructure that facilitates innovation in wellness, health care, and public health.Flexibility is critical, since the system will have to function under new policies and in . . .
PORPHYRIA DURING CHLOROQUINE THERAPY.
Authors: CECIL W. MARSDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article PORPHYRIA DURING CHLOROQUINE THERAPY. Get access CECIL W. MARSDEN, M.R.C.P(Edin.). CECIL W. MARSDEN, M.R.C.P(Edin.). Senior Registrar, Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 6, 1 June 1959, Pages 219–222, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13411.x Published: 01 June 1959
Surgical meshes containing animal products should be labelled
Authors: M. H. Shiwani
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Surgical techniques to repair hernia in the abdominal wall have evolved. Repair with suture alone is associated with a high risk of recurrence, and use of mesh has become routine in contemporary practice. Advances in molecular biology and tissue engineering have furthered the development of surgical meshes. Many types of mesh are available, including pure synthetic, pure biological, and composite and tissue separating meshes, and no single mesh is perfect for every situation. Many new products are entering the market, the origin and composition of which are not always obvious. Biological and composite meshes may contain porcine or bovine tissue. In my experience colleagues, including surgeons with a special interest in hernia surgery, are generally unaware of the constituents of these meshes.

The UK General Medical Council gives guidance to doctors …
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors interact synergistically with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through interruption of both Akt and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of SEK1/JNK
Authors: Yun Dai, Mohamed Rahmani, Xin-Yan Pei, Payal Khanna, Song Iy Han, Clint Mitchell, Paul Dent, Steven Grant
Journal: Blood (2004)
Remodeling of de novo atherosclerotic lesions in femoral arteries: impact on mechanism of balloon angioplasty
Authors: Gerard Pasterkamp, Cornelius Borst, Elma J. Gussenhoven, Willem P.T.M. Mali, Mark J. Post, Salem H.K. The, Jim A. Reekers, Fred G. van den Berg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
TCT-247 Incidence and Characterization of Stent Dissections in Women Versus Men: A Report from the Massachusetts General Hospital Optical Coherence Tomography Registry
Authors: Magdalena Zeglin-Sawczuk, Ik-Kyung Jang, Taka Ashikaga, Koji Kato, Taishi Yonetsu, So-Yeon Choi, Soo Joong Kim, Christina Kratlian, Hang Lee, Harold Dauerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
South Asia struggles to meet targets on health and hunger
Authors: Sharan Prakash Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Most countries in South Asia will fail to meet more than a third of their millennium development goals (MDGs), delegates agreed at a recent conference in Kathmandu, Nepal. 

The forum, jointly organised by the United Nations Development Programme, the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Asian Development Bank, and the government of Nepal also disseminated the key findings of the second regional MDG report. 

They acknowledged that South Asia had made some progress. For example, most South Asian countries have seen sharp reductions in poverty between 1990 and 2002, measured using the $1 a day poverty index. 

“Currently all countries in South Asia are expected to meet the income poverty targets,” said Sultan Hafeez Rahman, a …
Measurement of involved surface area in patients with psoriasis
Authors: B. RAMSAY, C. M. LAWRENCE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Three methods of measuring the surface area of the involved skin were compared in 10 patients with psoriasis. Using the rule of nines, four untrained observers estimated the average extent of psoriasis as 20, 14, 23 and 33% of the body surface area. Measuring the area of tracings of plaque outlines using image analysis gave a mean involved surface area of 9% and image analysis of whole body photographs gave a mean value of 7%. We conclude that untrained observers using the rule of nines will overestimate the extent of psoriasis and that image analysis of whole body photographs is comparable to that of traced outlines.
Some US doctors would perform euthanasia
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Many doctors in the United States have received requests from patients who are terminally ill for help in ending their lives, but only a small percentage have complied, according to a recent survey organised by the New England Journal of Medicine. If doctor assisted suicide was legal a third of the doctors surveyed said that they would comply and a quarter said that they would perform euthanasia.

In the survey of 3102 doctors in the 10 specialties most …
The Aorta in Osteoporosis
Authors: Cesar A Conde, Roberto J Cubeddu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An 86-year-old woman with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis was referred for routine preoperative cardiac catheterization. During the procedure, pronounced tortuosity of the catheter was noted. Subsequent administration of intravenous contrast material revealed the presence of a markedly tortuous thoracic and abdominal aorta with no evidence of a localized aneurysm (Panel A) and with a clearly visible Judkins catheter (arrow) and venous catheter (arrowhead). The peripheral circulation was normal in both upper and lower limbs at physical examination, and the kidney function was not comprimised. Chest radiography showed multiple vertebral compression fractures and pronounced kyphosis (Panel B). Two photographs of the . . .
Music from Apartment 8: New and Selected Poems
Authors: Jason Karlawish
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 September 2004Music from Apartment 8: New and Selected PoemsJason Karlawish, MDJason Karlawish, MDFrom University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Stone J. 163 pages. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State Univ Pr; 2004. $20.95. ISBN 0807129542. Order phone 800-861-3477.Field of medicine: Good poetry, like good research, speaks across disciplines. While the author is a cardiologist and the heart is the subject of just a few poems, this is a book for all.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Anyone with an interest in “the hard data by which our lives are lived” (from “Gaudeamus Igitur: A Valediction”).Purpose: Stone's poems amuse, entertain, and provoke.Content: Twenty-three new poems and selections from The Smell of Matches (Rutgers Univ Pr, 1972), In All This ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 2004Volume 141, Issue 6Page: 488KeywordsAgingCaregiversGraduate medical educationHeartMortalitySmellSoftware tools ePublished: 21 September 2004 Issue Published: 21 September 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Political History of the Artificial Heart
Authors: Michael J. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN December 1982, after decades of research and amid the dramatization of world press coverage, physicians at the University of Utah placed a permanent artificial heart in Dr. Barney Clark, heralding a new era in the practice of cardiovascular medicine. Such events in the operating theater, however, have ramifications that extend far beyond the realm of clinical medicine. As a result of the artificial heart, our society must again confront such issues as defining death, considering health care as a right, and deciding who is to receive a scarce form of therapy. We must face the persistent social question whether . . .
An interesting chest radiograph
Authors: S. A O'Keeffe, A. McGrath, G. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 63 year old man presented with a two week history of shortness of breath, fatigue, and cough. He had a 20 pack year ((number of cigarettes smoked each day times number of years smoked)/20) smoking history and no appreciable occupational exposure to dusts such as asbestos or coal. On examination his trachea was slightly deviated to the left with slightly diminished breath sounds over the left lung.



Fig 1 Patient’s posteroanterior radiograph (a) and lateral chest radiograph (b) 



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#### Radiological findings

The posteroanterior radiograph and lateral chest radiograph show complete collapse of the left upper lobe (fig 1). This is seen on the posteroanterior radiograph as a veil-like increased density projected over the left hemithorax with associated elevation of the left hemidiaphragm and loss of definition of the left side of the mediastinum (fig 1a; arrow).2 On the lateral view the collapsed upper lobe is clearly demarcated from the lucent lower lobe by the …
AGING AS AN INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PROBLEM
Authors: EDWARD J. STIEGLITZ
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Most arguments arise out of confused definition of terms. It is important, therefore, to have it understood what is meant by the problems of aging. Aging must not be confused with the aged. The aged show the consequences of aging. This distinction is fundamental. The medical care of the aged constitutes the specialty of geriatrics and is of but little direct concern to industry. The truly senile are pensioned. On the other hand, gerontology, which is the science of aging,<sup>1</sup>is of rapidly growing importance to the industrial physician. Probably the most significant period of human life from the point of view of senescence is the two decades from 40 to 60. It is here that gerontology can and should mean prophylactic geriatrics. Prophylactic pediatrics, by dramatically increasing life expectancy, has emphasized the problems of senescence. Pediatrics advanced rapidly only after attention was focused on the fact that the