tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Definition of a responder in clinical trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders: report on a symposium
Authors: W E Whitehead, E Corazziari, R Prizont, J R Senior, W G Thompson, S J O V. van Zanten
Journal: Gut (1999)

On 10 and 11 September 1998, about 125 participants met at a symposium in Vienna, Austria, with the goal of determining whether a consensus could be developed on the definition of responders in clinical trials in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Present at this meeting were representatives of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Robert Prizont, MD, and John Senior, MD*), a representative of the Japanese International Motility Society (Kei Matsueda, MD, PhD), academic investigators from around the world, and representatives of several pharmaceutical companies currently engaged in the development of therapeutic compounds for the functional gastrointestinal disorders. The discussion centered primarily on the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the functional gastrointestinal disorder for which there is the largest development program underway. However, the discussion also addressed the measurement of outcomes in functional constipation.

This conference was sponsored by the Multinational Working Teams to Develop Diagnostic Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (MWT). Over a two year period, the executive committee of the MWT held a series of informal meetings with representatives of the FDA, and on one occasion, with a representative of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. During these meetings, representatives of the regulatory groups indicated that there was a need for a more broad-based consensus on the best ways of defining responders in clinical trials. The MWT organized this conference …
Conceptualizing Physician Professionalism—Reply
Authors: Cara S. Lesser
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Networks and groups within the genus Neisseria: analysis of argF, recA, rho, and 16S rRNA sequences from human Neisseria species
Authors: N. H. Smith, E. C. Holmes, G. M. Donovan, G. A. Carpenter, B. G. Spratt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

To understand the pattern of nucleotide sequence variation among bacteria that frequently exchange chromosomal genes, we analyzed sequences of the recA, argF, and rho genes, as well as part of the small-subunit (16S) rRNA gene, from about 50 isolates of human commensal Neisseria species and the pathogenic N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Almost all isolates of these species could be assigned to five phylogenetic groups that are found for all genes examined and generally are supported by high bootstrap values. In contrast, the phylogenetic relationships among groups varied according to the gene analyzed with notable incongruences involving N. cinerea and N. lactamica. Further analysis using split decomposition showed that for each gene, including 16S rRNA, the patterns of sequence divergence within N. meningitidis and closely related species were inconsistent with a bifurcating treelike phylogeny and better represented by an interconnected network. These data indicate that the human commensal Neisseria species can be separated into discrete groups of related species but that the relationships both within and among these groups, including those reconstructed using 16S rRNA, have been distorted by interspecies recombination events.
Restricted diversification of T-cells in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: Potential inclination to T-lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Shouichi Ohga, Nobuhiro Kimura, Hidetoshi Takada, Mituyuki Nagano, Kohichi Ohshima, Akihiko Nomura, Kenji Muraoka, Hiromichi Take, Shunji Yamamori, Toshiro Hara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

To assess the abnormal T-cell expansion in chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV), T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire was analyzed in four patients with the disease. All fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of CAEBV, presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, abnormal high titers of anti EBV-antibodies, and positive EBV genome of unknown cause. Southern blotting probed with EBV-terminal repeats and TCR Cβ gene indicated clonal expansion of the infected cells in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. The number of CD4+ HLA-DR+ cells appreciably increased in patients 1 (59%) and 2 (24%), who had a coronary aneurysm and central nervous system involvement, respectively. TCR gene expression examined by the inverse polymerase chain reaction methods revealed that Vβ gene usages were preferential in all patients (Vβ7 and Vβ12: patient 1, Vβ4: patient 2, Vβ13: patients 3 and 4), compared with those in healthy controls. Vα18 gene expression was remarkably high in patients 1 and 2. Moreover, Jβ gene expression was skewing in the reigning Vβ clones in all patients. Vβ4-Jβ1.5 and Vβ13-Jβ1.5 genes were clonally expressed in patients 2 and 4, respectively. These results suggest that CAEBV is associated with the restricted diversity of T-cells, which may stem from the sustained expansion of oligoclonal T-cells possibly driven by conventional viral antigens, but not, superantigens. Although the study is limited by the small number of patients, the unbalanced T-cell repertoire might contribute to the evolution of T-lymphoproliferative disease, otherwise, imply the innate defective immunity to EBV in CAEBV patients. Am. J. Hematol. 61:26–33, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Demethylation-Linked Activation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Is Involved in Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sai Murali Krishna Pulukuri, Norman Estes, Jitendra Patel, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Increased expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been reported in various malignancies including prostate cancer. However, the mechanism by which uPA is abnormally expressed in prostate cancer remains elusive. Here, we show that uPA is aberrantly expressed in a high percentage of human prostate cancer tissues but rarely expressed either in tumor-matched nonneoplastic adjacent tissues or benign prostatic hyperplasia samples. This aberrant expression is associated with cancer-linked demethylation of the uPA promoter. Furthermore, treatment with demethylation inhibitor S-adenosylmethionine or stable expression of uPA short hairpin RNA significantly inhibits uPA expression and tumor cell invasion in vitro and tumor growth and incidence of lung metastasis in vivo. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest that DNA demethylation is a common mechanism underlying the abnormal expression of uPA and is a critical contributing factor to the malignant progression of human prostate tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):930–9]
Neuroendocrine and Immunologic Effects of Unemployment and Job Insecurity
Authors: Bengt B. Arnetz, Sten-Olof Brenner, Lennart Levi, Robert Hjelm, Inga-Lill Petterson, Jerzy Wasserman, Björn Petrini, Peter Eneroth, Anders Kallner, Richard Kvetnansky, Milan Vigas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

We prospectively followed a cohort of 354 blue-collar men and women, some of whom lost their jobs. Results show marked effects during the anticipatory and early unemployement phase on mental well-being, serum cortisol, prolactin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and phytohemagglutinin reactivity of lymphocytes. Most of these changes appear to be of short-term duration. However, changes in cardiovascular risk factors are observed at least 2 years following the loss of one's job. Coping style appears to be a major determinant whether or not and how people will react to unemployment.
Decreased energetics in murine hearts bearing the R92Q mutation in cardiac troponin T
Authors: Maryam M. Javadpour, Jil C. Tardiff, Ilka Pinz, Joanne S. Ingwall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The thin filament protein cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is an important regulator of myofilament activation. Here we report a significant change in cardiac energetics in transgenic mice bearing the missense mutation R92Q within the tropomyosin-binding domain of cTnT, a mutation associated with a clinically severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This functional domain of cTnT has recently been shown to be a crucial modulator of contractile function despite the fact that it does not directly interact with the ATP hydrolysis site in the myosin head. Simultaneous measurements of cardiac energetics using 31P NMR spectroscopy and contractile performance of the intact beating heart revealed both a decrease in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis available to support contractile work and a marked inability to increase contractile performance upon acute inotropic challenge in hearts from R92Q mice. These results show that alterations in thin filament protein structure and function can lead to significant defects in myocardial energetics and contractile reserve.
The Effects of 100% Oxygen on Soccer Players-Reply
Authors: James Stray-Gunderson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Gabel's letter. Our studies show no benefit of breathing oxygen as compared with room air. Therefore, any possible benefit from breathing oxygen is due to a placebo effect. The magnitude of the placebo effect, if any, was not studied and is unknown.
Wrong-Site Surgery in Dermatology
Authors: Sherrif F. Ibrahim
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
A novel endocrine-disrupting agent in corn with mitogenic activity in human breast and prostatic cancer cells.
Authors: Barry Markaverich, Shaila Mani, Mary Ann Alejandro, Andrea Mitchell, David Markaverich, Trellis Brown, Claudia Velez-Trippe, Chris Murchison, Bert O'Malley, Robert Faith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Housing adult rats on ground corncob bedding impedes male and female mating behavior and causes acyclicity in females. The suppressive effects on ovarian cyclicity are mimicked by a mitogenic agent purified from the ground corncob bedding material (corn mitogen; CM), which stimulates the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7 cells) and ER-negative (MDA-MD-231 cells) breast cancer cells. Purified CM does not compete for [(3)H]estradiol binding to ER or nuclear type II sites, and its effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation are not blocked by the antiestrogen ICI-182,780. These results suggest that the active component is unlikely to be a phytoestrogen, bioflavonoid, mycotoxin, or other known endocrine-disrupting agent that modifies cell growth via ER or type II [(3)H]estradiol binding sites. CM also stimulates the proliferation of PC-3 human prostatic cancer cells in vitro, and the growth rate of PC-3 cell xenografts is accelerated in nude male mice housed on ground corncob as opposed to pure cellulose bedding. Consequently, this endocrine-disrupting agent in ground corncob bedding may influence behavioral and physiologic reproductive response profiles and malignant cell proliferation in experimental animals. Fresh corn (kernels and cob) or corn tortillas also contain CM, indicating that human exposure is likely; consequently, CM and/or related mitogens in corn products may influence human health and development.
Isovaleric Acidemia: Use of Glycine Therapy in Neonates
Authors: Robert M. Cohn, Marc Yudkoff, Ronald Rothman, Stanton Segal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

ISOVALERIC acidemia is an inborn error of leucine metabolism caused by a deficiency of isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase.1 , 2 Affected patients are usually seen during the neonatal period with a...
Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Cysticercosis
Authors: Theodore E. Nash, Franklin A. Neva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

TWO major medical advances have made a review of cerebral cysticercosis timely. The first is the increased availability of CAT scanning, which has contributed both to a more accurate diagnosis and to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cysticercosis. Investigators can now easily assess changes in lesions or their disappearance during treatment. The second advance is the development and experimental use of chemotherapeutic agents, such as praziquantel, in the treatment of cysticercosis.The Parasite and Acquisition of InfectionCysticercosis is caused by infection with the larval form of the porcine tapeworm, Taenia solium.1 Infection and disease are increasingly . . .
An Outbreak of Respiratory Tuberculosis in a School
Authors: R. T. Bevan, P. T. Bray, J. F. Hanly
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDICBAL OURNALFour micrograms of vitamin B12 a day was the estimated requirement in mild cases of macrocytic anaemia of preg- nancy and 10 jug. in severe cases.I wish to thank the Glaxo Laboratories (India) Ltd. for supply- ing vitamin B,2; Dr. J. C. Patel for his valuable help; and
Scavenger receptor class B type I is a key host factor for hepatitis C virus infection required for an entry step closely linked to CD81
Authors: Mirjam B. Zeisel, George Koutsoudakis, Eva K. Schnober, Anita Haberstroh, Hubert E. Blum, François-Loïc Cosset, Takaji Wakita, Daniel Jaeck, Michel Doffoel, Cathy Royer, Eric Soulier, Evelyne Schvoerer, Catherine Schuster, Françoise Stoll-Keller, Ralf Bartenschlager, Thomas Pietschmann, Heidi Barth, Thomas F. Baumert
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) has been shown to bind HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, participate in entry of HCV pseudotype particles, and modulate HCV infection. However, the functional role of SR-BI for productive HCV infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SR-BI as an entry factor for infection of human hepatoma cells using cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc). Anti-SR-BI antibodies directed against epitopes of the human SR-BI extracellular loop specifically inhibited HCVcc infection in a dose-dependent manner. Down-regulation of SR-BI expression by SR-BI-specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) markedly reduced the susceptibility of human hepatoma cells to HCVcc infection. Kinetic studies demonstrated that SR-BI acts predominately after binding of HCV at an entry step occurring at a similar time point as CD81-HCV interaction. Although the addition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) enhanced the efficiency of HCVcc infection, anti-SR-BI antibodies and SR-BI-specific siRNA efficiently inhibited HCV infection independent of lipoprotein.Our data suggest that SR-BI (i) represents a key host factor for HCV entry, (ii) is implicated in the same HCV entry pathway as CD81, and (iii) targets an entry step closely linked to HCV-CD81 interaction.
Cholecystectomy and bowel function
Authors: P W PLAISIER
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—I read with great interest the article by Hearing et al (Gut1999;45:889–894[OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2]) on the effect of cholecystectomy on bowel function. In this elegant publication, however, the authors mistakenly assume that published estimates of the prevalence of postcholecystectomy diarrhoea derive from retrospective or uncontrolled data only. In this context I would … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BAmerican%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bgastroenterology%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BGastroenterol%26rft.aulast%253DPlaisier%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D739%26rft.epage%253D744%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bcourse%2Bof%2Bbiliary%2Band%2Bgastrointestinal%2Bsymptoms%2Bafter%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Buncomplicated%2Bsymptomatic%2Bgallstones%253A%2Bresults%2Bof%2Ba%2Brandomized%2Bstudy%2Bcomparing%2Bextracorporeal%2Bshock%2Bwave%2Blithotripsy%2Bwith%2Bconventional%2Bcholecystectomy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8172149%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=8172149&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F2%2F283.1.atom
Anti-KIR antibody enhancement of anti-lymphoma activity of natural killer cells as monotherapy and in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies
Authors: Holbrook E. Kohrt, Ariane Thielens, Aurelien Marabelle, Idit Sagiv-Barfi, Caroline Sola, Fabien Chanuc, Nicolas Fuseri, Cécile Bonnafous, Debra Czerwinski, Amanda Rajapaksa, Erin Waller, Sophie Ugolini, Eric Vivier, François Romagné, Ronald Levy, Mathieu Bléry, Pascale André
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phytoestrogens and soy based infant formula
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Soy protein is one of the cheapest sources of protein and has been used as a substitute for cow's milk since the turn of the century. Soy based infant formulas have been available in Britain for over 20 years and account for about 7% of infant formula sales (compared with 13% in New Zealand (C Wham, personal communication) and 10-20% in the USA).1 This represents gross sales in Britain of £10m annually. However, with rates of initial breastfeeding of only about 63%,2 many infants will be fed a soy based formula at some time in their first year of life.

Plant protein sources such as soy are quite complex and very different from milk proteins found in most infant formulas. Soy is a rich source of phytoestrogens, non-steroidal oestrogens of the isoflavone class.3 These compounds are structurally similar to oestrogens; they bind to oestrogen receptor sites and behave as partial oestrogen …
Remarks on a Case of Herpes of Unusual Distribution
Authors: H. Drinkwater
Journal: BMJ (1895)

EDICAL JOURNA 809The case is worth recording on account of the great rarity of bilateral herpes zoster.Hebra.1 in his definition of this disease, emphasises its unilateral tendency, and says: "it is only in rare and exceptional cases that herpes zoster attacks both sides simultaneously."Trousseau 2 says: " In all cases.however, there is only one side of the body affected."And Dr. Allan Jamieson3 says: "It is very rare for nerves on both sides of the body to be simultaneously or consecutively affected, and still more rare for corresponding nerves on both sides."
Serum pepsinogen I and IgG antibody to Campylobacter pylori in non-specific abdominal pain in childhood.
Authors: G Oderda, D Vaira, J Holton, J F Dowsett, N Ansaldi
Journal: Gut (1989)

A consecutive series of 51 children (mean age 11 years) who presented with recurrent abdominal pain were investigated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy including three antral biopsies for microscopy, culture and urease testing. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to Campylobacter pylori (C pylori) were measured by the ELISA technique. Serum pepsinogen I was also measured. Thirty two children showed histological evidence of gastritis. All had C pylori on microscopy and or culture. Nineteen children showed no histological gastritis nor evidence of C pylori on microscopy, culture and/or urease testing. The IgG and IgA antibody levels to C pylori were significantly higher in C pylori positive children than in the negative group (p less than 0.001). Serum pepsinogen I concentrations were also significantly higher in C pylori positive children than in negative (p less than 0.001). Measurement of IgG antibody levels, combined with serum pepsinogen I estimation, predict the presence of C pylori associated gastritis in children with a sensitivity and specificity of up to 95%. It may be used therefore to predict gastritis and even peptic ulceration in children presenting with non-specific upper abdominal pain.
Hunger strikers may have died of fat, not protein, loss
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Traditionally, studies of fasting individuals have tended to conclude that continued survival in a hypocaloric state depends on one's ability to conserve protein while using up fat. Various studies of kwashiorkor have, in fact, suggested that loss of 50% of one's body protein was virtually synonymous with death. But a recent investigation of some of the facts surrounding the deaths of the ten IRA hunger strikers suggests that these earlier notions may be somewhat skewed: It may not be loss of protein but loss of fat that precipitates death during starvation. The investigation, reported to the 50th annual meeting of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada held in Toronto, was launched by Errol B. Marliss, MD, associate professor in the department of medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. For his study, Marliss collected any and all scraps of information about the hunger strikers from newspapers and