tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infarct Salvage With Liposomal Prostaglandin E <sub>1</sub> Administered by Intravenous Bolus Immediately Before Reperfusion in a Canine Infarction-Reperfusion Model
Authors: Richard W. Smalling, Steven Feld, Nagendra Ramanna, James Amirian, Patty Felli, William K. Vaughn, Christine Swenson, Andrew Janoff
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) inhibits leukocyte and platelet function and reduces infarct size during left atrial infusion. Intravenous liposomal PGE 1 (TLC C-53) accelerates thrombolysis and prevents reocclusion in canine coronary thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous TLC C-53 would attenuate reperfusion injury in a canine infarction-reperfusion model. Methods and Results Twenty-one open-chest dogs were randomized to receive a 10-minute intravenous infusion of either liposome diluent (placebo), free PGE 1 (2 μg/kg), or TLC C-53 (2 μg/kg PGE 1 ) after 2 hours of left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion just before reperfusion. Hemodynamic assessment, regional myocardial blood flow determination with radioactive microspheres, myocardial leukocyte infiltration by myeloperoxidase assay, and estimation of infarct size using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were performed. Regional fractional shortening was measured with sonomicrometer crystals implanted in the midmyocardium. Infarct size as a percentage of the risk region was significantly reduced ( P &lt;.05) with TLC C-53 (37.9±17.4%) compared with PGE 1 (56.7±13.9%) or placebo (58.0±9.9%) infusion. Infarct salvage with TLC C-53 was independent of collateral blood flow by ANCOVA. There was a dramatic reduction in myeloperoxidase activity in the infarct, risk, and border regions of dogs treated with TLC C-53 compared with placebo. Enzyme activity was also significantly reduced ( P &lt;.05) in the infarct zone with TLC C-53 (0.11±0.1 U/100 mg) treatment compared with PGE 1 (0.38±0.3 U/100 mg). No significant differences in regional myocardial blood flow or myocardial function among treatment groups were identified, although there was a trend toward improved function in the TLC C-53 dogs. Conclusions Bolus intravenous administration of TLC C-53 immediately before reperfusion results in reduced leukocyte infiltration and substantial infarct salvage. TLC C-53 may be useful in limiting reperfusion injury during treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
Living near a nuclear power station doesn't increase a child's cancer risk
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

No evidence exists that living near a nuclear power station increases a child's risk of cancer, a study published by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment has said. But the study confirms that a higher than expected number of cases of leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and other solid tumours have been found “clustered” around nuclear facilities in Sellafield, Rosyth, Burghfield, and Dounreay, however.

The study, which examined more than 32 000 cases of childhood cancer between 1969 and 1993 and is believed to be the largest of its kind, was begun in response to reports that significantly higher numbers of children were being diagnosed as having cancer in areas close …
Carriers of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYBPC3 mutation are characterized by reduced myocardial efficiency in the absence of hypertrophy and microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Stefan A.J. Timmer, Tjeerd Germans, Wessel P. Brouwer, Mark Lubberink, Jolanda van der Velden, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Imke Christiaans, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Paul Knaapen, Albert C. van Rossum
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Interleukin 6 is a permissive factor for monocytic colony formation by human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Authors: J H Jansen, J C Kluin-Nelemans, J Van Damme, G J Wientjens, R Willemze, W E Fibbe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Since monocytes and macrophages that arise during the culture of bone marrow progenitor cells are potential sources of interleukin 6 (IL-6), we investigated whether auto- or paracrine production of this factor is involved in colony formation by normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. We added a polyclonal anti-IL-6 antiserum and a monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibody to cultures of monocyte- and T cell-depleted bone marrow cells. Colony formation was stimulated with granulocyte/monocyte-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte-CSF, or IL-3. Addition of anti-IL-6 antibody resulted in decreased numbers of monocytic colonies to 40-50% of control values, whereas the numbers of granulocytic colonies were not altered. The inhibitory effect was preserved in cultures of CD34(+)-enriched bone marrow cells. As a second approach, we added a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-6 receptor to cultures of monocyte- and T cell-depleted bone marrow cells. This antibody almost completely inhibited the growth of monocytic colonies, again without decreasing the number of granulocytic colonies. Finally, the importance of IL-6 in monocytopoiesis was demonstrated in serum-deprived bone marrow cultures: addition of exogenous IL-6 to cultures stimulated with GM-CSF resulted in increased numbers of monocytic colonies. Our results indicate that the permissive presence of IL-6 is required for optimal monocytic colony formation by bone marrow progenitor cells.
Reflex cardiovascular response to acute myocardial ischaemia
Authors: J COSIN, V GIMENO, S ALEGRE, M BRETO, F PEREZ-GOMEZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

The usual cardiovascular response to acute myocardial ischaemia is either pressor, characterised by tachycardia and hypertension or depressor, manifested by bradycardia, hypotension and systemic vasodilatation. We studied the incidence of ectopic arrhythmias, the changes in heart rate, in left ventricular pressure and dP/dt and the changes in plasma level of free fatty acids. Acute anterior ischaemia increased the heart rate, left ventricular dP/dtmax and plasma level of free fatty acids and developed frequent ventricular ectopic arrhythmias. Previous injection of propranolol prevented the elevation of plasma free fatty acids. Acute inferior ischaemia produced a slight decrease in heart rate, no change in plasma level of free fatty acids and a significant decrease in left ventricular dP/dtmax. The experimental model allowed us to study the response to acute myocardial ischaemia in conscious dogs; the results obtained point to a preferential location of the pressor and depressor receptors respectively to the anterior and inferior surfaces of the left ventricle.
Early and Persistent Gastrointestinal Side Effects Predict Withdrawal from Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (OIT)
Authors: B.P. Vickery, A.M. Scurlock, P. Steele, J. Kamilaris, A.M. Hiegel, S.K. Carlisle, T.T. Perry, S.M. Jones, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Evaluating the child who presents with an acute limp
Authors: D. C. Perry, C. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

A child may limp after trivial trauma, as a sign of local or systemic disease, or for no apparent reason. When there is a clear history of injury evaluation is usually straightforward. The diagnostic challenge is to distinguish between disease processes that are benign and self limiting (such as transient synovitis), acute or life threatening (such as septic arthritis or acute leukaemia), or chronic and disabling (such as Perthes’ disease). In most cases the causes are benign and self limiting, and around two thirds of patients can be managed in the emergency department and do not require referral to hospital.1 2

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Google Scholar and Medline (1965-2010) using the terms “limp”, “hip”, “Perthes”, “developmental dysplasia”, “transient synovitis”, “irritable hip”, and “slipped epiphysis”. We also searched bibliographies of retrieved articles for articles not indexed elsewhere and identified references from searches of our files. Only papers published in English were reviewed. No related Cochrane reviews were available. We selected articles if they were the best evidence available or best summary of the evidence. Some articles were included to place the review in historical context.

Here, we review the epidemiology of acute limp and outline the pitfalls in diagnosis. We provide a framework for early assessment and management of the child who presents with a limp based on evidence from case series, laboratory studies, observational …
Reimbursement, Beneficence, and Advance Directives
Authors: Theodore E. Spielberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article on advance directives by La Puma et al,<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial by White and Fletcher<sup>2</sup>emphasize the desirability of counseling for advance directives having taken place in the primary care setting. I agree that it is best to discuss the issues surrounding the limits of care before the need arises and when the patient and the family are not acutely stressed. However, in my experience, this usually takes a significant amount of time as various contingencies are discussed and evaluated. Therefore, I would strongly suggest that an "advance directives consultation" be given a separate category and Medicare billing number so that the proper time may be allotted and be reimbursable for this procedure. This should be documented in the patient's chart along with a completed and signed advance directives form and be subject to audit. Not only will this provide a necessary
Hepatic Coma Secondary to Metastatic Liver Disease
Authors: PHILIP ERAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

In 21 patients the frequency of hepatic coma secondary to metastatic liver disease was 7.5% in breast carcinoma, 6.6% in gastric carcinoma, and 6.4% in colon carcinoma. Hepatic coma was not recognized clinically in 11 of 21 patients. Five of these patients were treated with hepatic radiation and five patients with 5-fluorouracil. Hepatic coma secondary to metastatic liver disease may be more frequent than previously recognized.
Oral Contraceptive Effects on the Breast
Authors: Robert E. Fechner
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter from Drs. Kovi and Viola inThe Journal(223:802, 1973) emphasizes our limited knowledge on the effects of long-term oral contraceptive hormone (OCH) therapy on the breast. The suggestion that the lobular sclerosis in their case reflected a premature menopausal alteration stimulated me to review eight cases of cancer in women 35 years of age or younger in whom the breast was removed prior to the oral contraceptive era. Lobular sclerosis identical to the type illustrated in their letter was seen in one, and focal sclerosis was seen in two others. It is possible that young patients with breast cancer who have a long history of OCH ingestion may have even a greater frequency of lobular sclerosis but this will require more than one case to prove, and there should be proper controls. Parenthetically, one previously reported case of breast cancer in a 28-year-old woman
A CASE OF INTRA-UTERINE AMPUTATION
Authors: J. M. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1926)

May 3, 1926, I was called to wait on Mrs. G., aged 36, the mother of four normal healthy children. When I arrived I found her in the second stage of labor. On examination I had a frank breech presentation. Labor progressed normally, and the child's buttocks were born. I ran my index finger inside to bring down the leg, but found that the child had simply well developed stumps corresponding to about two thirds of the thigh. I used traction on these stumps and delivered the child, and found before me a child with a remarkably developed body but no hands or forearms or feet or legs. The child is now 3 months old and in perfect health, and there was no history of deformities in the family of either the father or the mother.
Allergy screening including a comparison of prick test results with allergen‐coated lancets (Phazet®) and liquid extracts
Authors: N.‐I. M. Kjellman, S. Dreborg, K. Fälth‐Magnusson
Journal: Allergy (1988)

During an allergy screening of families with a history of allergy in one or more subjects, skin prick tests (SPT) were performed in duplicate in 314 adults. The tests were performed with a new type of lancet with a 0.9 mm long point, loaded either with allergen (Phazet®) or used together with standardized extracts (10,000 and 100,000 BU/ ml). Wheals obtained with both methods were compared, and related to total IgE concentrations and history. A wheal area of 3 and 7 mm 2 was used as cut‐off limit. Results with Phazet were close to those with Pharmalgen 100,000 BU/ml. With both methods precision was good for allergens, but less for Phazet histamine than for the corresponding wet test. SPT results obtained with Phazet and 100,000 BU/ml correlated better with history than the results with 10,000 BU/ml. Using a wheal size of 7 mm 2 as cut‐off limit the efficiency for five tested allergens was 91%. “False positive” tests, possibly indicating an unobserved or latent type of allergy, were found more often with higher serum IgE concentrations. The safety of SPT was confirmed and Phazet was well accepted by nurses and tested subjects.
Estimating Error in Using Residential Outdoor PM <sub>2.5</sub> Concentrations as Proxies for Personal Exposures: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Christy L. Avery, Katherine T. Mills, Ronald Williams, Kathleen A. McGraw, Charles Poole, Richard L. Smith, Eric A. Whitsel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Studies examining the health effects of particulate matter <or= 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) commonly use ambient PM2.5 concentrations measured at distal monitoring sites as proxies for personal exposure and assume spatial homogeneity of ambient PM2.5. An alternative proxy-the residential outdoor PM2.5 concentration measured adjacent to participant homes-has few advantages under this assumption.We systematically reviewed the correlation between residential outdoor PM2.5 and personal PM2.5 (-rj) as a means of comparing the magnitude and sources of measurement error associated with their use as exposure surrogates.We searched seven electronic reference databases for studies of the within-participant residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 correlation.The search identified 567 candidate studies, nine of which were abstracted in duplicate, that were published between 1996 and 2008. They represented 329 nonsmoking participants 6-93 years of age in eight U.S. cities, among whom -rj was estimated (median, 0.53; range, 0.25-0.79) based on a median of seven residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 pairs per participant. We found modest evidence of publication bias (symmetric funnel plot; pBegg = 0.4; pEgger = 0.2); however, we identified evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q-test p = 0.05). Of the 20 characteristics examined, earlier study midpoints, eastern longitudes, older mean age, higher outdoor temperatures, and lower personal-residential outdoor PM2.5 differences were associated with increased within-participant residential outdoor-personal PM2.5 correlations.These findings were similar to those from a contemporaneous meta-analysis that examined ambient-personal PM2.5 correlations (rj = median, 0.54; range, 0.09-0.83). Collectively, the meta-analyses suggest that residential outdoor-personal and ambient-personal PM2.5 correlations merit greater consideration when evaluating the potential for bias in studies of PM2.5-mediated health effects.
Control of rapid ventricular response by radiofrequency catheter modification of the atrioventricular node in patients with medically refractory atrial fibrillation.
Authors: G K Feld, R P Fleck, O Fujimura, D L Prothro, T D Bahnson, M Ibarra
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Pharmacological control of rapid ventricular response to atrial fibrillation may be difficult in some patients. Alternative treatments, including curative surgery or atrioventricular (AV) node ablation with pacemaker implantation, have significant potential morbidity. In view of evidence that dual AV nodal physiology may exist in a significant percentage of the population, even in those without AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, we postulated that control of ventricular response might be achieved by radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in the region of the AV nodal slow pathway with its short refractory period.Ten patients underwent attempted AV node modification using a 4-mm-tipped electrode catheter positioned in the middle or posterior septum, between the His bundle and coronary sinus ostium on the tricuspid valve annulus. RF energy was applied at 16 to 30 W for up to 60 seconds, until average ventricular response fell below 100 beats per minute. Reduction of maximal ventricular response below 120 beats per minute was confirmed with atropine 1 mg IV. If required, additional ablations were performed progressively more posteriorly up to the coronary sinus ostium. Patients with successful AV node modification were discharged off AV node-blocking drugs and followed in the clinic at regular intervals. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory ECG recordings and/or treadmill stress tests were obtained before and after ablation for statistical comparison of maximum ventricular rate. Resting average ventricular rate was determined during electrophysiology study before and after ablation. In 7 of 10 patients (70%), maximum ventricular rate was reduced from a mean of 164 +/- 12 to 123 +/- 16 beats per minute (P < .01) and average ventricular rate from a mean of 128 +/- 11 to 83 +/- 10 beats per minute after ablation. Mean minimum ventricular rate was 54 +/- 11 beats per minute after ablation. These 7 patients have remained symptom free from rapid ventricular response for a mean of 14 +/- 8 months (range, 1 to 22). Three remain off all AV node-blocking drugs, 3 remain on digoxin alone, which was previously ineffective, and 1 remains on a beta-blocker for angina. In the 3 patients who did not respond to AV node modification, complete AV node ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation was performed in 2 and DC cardioversion after amiodarone loading was performed in 1.RF catheter modification of AV node conduction is effective in controlling rapid ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in a significant percentage of medically refractory patients. A possible mechanism of RF modification of AV node conduction is AV nodal slow pathway ablation. Large-scale clinical trials will be needed to determine the overall efficacy and safety of this technique.
Massive mediastinal extramedullary hematopoiesis in hereditary spherocytosis: A case report
Authors: Yves Bastion, Bertrand Coiffier, Pascale Felman, David Assouline, Jean‐Dominique Tigaud, Daniel Espinouse, Paul‐André Bryon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A case of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) with a massive mediastinal mass in a 72‐year‐old woman with hereditary spherocytosis is reported. Several cases of EMH have been described in nonsplenectomized adults with hereditary spherocytosis, and it is thought to be a consequence of long‐term stimulation of erythropoiesis. The exact mechanism remains controversial. EMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an asymptomatic paravertebral mass.
Metastatic Neoplasm of Esophagus Simulating Primary Carcinoma
Authors: Leon Sasson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

METASTATIC LESIONS of the esophagus with symptoms of dysphagia are infrequently seen,<sup>1</sup>and it is rare to find a case with x-ray findings simulating primary carcinoma. Gross and Freedman<sup>2</sup>reported the first case of obstructing secondary tumor of the esophagus in 1942, and surveyed the literature, finding only 42 recorded cases of secondary tumors of the esophagus. In 1944 Toreson<sup>3</sup>reported 7 cases he collected and found 19 others in the literature; of these 26 cases, less than half had evidence of partial or complete esophageal obstruction. There was little or no mention of x-ray findings in these cases. The following case is one in which the clinical findings and x-ray appearance were those of a primary carcinoma of the esophagus; but postmortem examination proved the lesion to be an obstructing secondary tumor of the esophagus which metastasized from a hypernephroma of the left kidney. <h3>Report of</h3>
Abstract 1858: Development of a multiplex panel of biomarkers to assess energy metabolism in cancer.
Authors: Meenakshi P. Balakrishnan, Ralph E. Parchment, Melinda G. Hollingshead, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, Robert J. Kinders, James H. Doroshow, Apurva K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Cancer cells have an altered glucose metabolism, which not only permits them to survive under hypoxic conditions but confers a distinct growth advantage by sustaining higher proliferation rates, invasiveness, and subsequent distant metastasis. This unique difference in glucose metabolism from healthy cells opens up a selective mechanism by which to kill cancer cells, bypassing normal healthy cells. Several enzymes in glucose metabolism are attractive targets for development of first-in-class therapeutic agents. We have undertaken development of a multiplex panel involving biomarkers involved in glucose metabolism to support drug development and to interrogate glycolytic pathway in cancer patients. Methods: The panel includes quantitative determinations of protein levels of hexokinase-2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase isoform-2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase alpha (LDHa), and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha (phospho-PDHE1a). The sandwich immunoassays were built on the Luminex® xMAP technology platform using MagPlex magnetic beads and cloned proteins are employed as calibrators. The panel is designed to measure protein concentrations in fractionated cell extracts from flash frozen tumor biopsies. Results: We have completed development of three sandwich immunoassays for HK2, PK-M2, and LDHa on Luminex platform. Suitable capture antibodies as well as phycoerythrin labeled detection antibodies have been identified and tested for sandwich formation and multiplexing using recombinant calibrators and cell lysates. The multiplex is currently standardized for optimal assay performance. Known pharmacological modulators (3-bromopyruvate, bortezumib, oxamate, dichloroacetate) of HK2, PKM2, LDHa, and PDHE1a were used in vitro to demonstrate expected directional changes in biomarkers in the panel. Conclusions: We have developed a multiplex panel to measure protein levels of three key molecules involved in energy metabolism in cancer cells. The multiplex panel provides a critical tool, in the clinical setting, to support ongoing therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the energy provision pathway in cancer patients. Importantly, the panel can be used to survey metabolic phenotype of different tumors to identify type and stage of cancer most susceptible to inhibition of glycolysis. Funded by NCI Contract No HHSN261200800001E. Citation Format: Meenakshi P. Balakrishnan, Ralph E. Parchment, Melinda G. Hollingshead, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, Robert J. Kinders, James H. Doroshow, Apurva K. Srivastava. Development of a multiplex panel of biomarkers to assess energy metabolism in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1858. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1858