tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Intervention for Enhancing Compliance With Screening Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy: A bicoastal experience
Authors: Antonio P Legorreta, Malik M Hasan, Anne L Peters, Kenneth R Pelletier, Kwan-Moon Leung
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To determine whether an intervention at both the provider and patient level can increase the utilization of diabetic retinal examination among diabetic patients and to compare the results from a comparable study conducted on the East Coast.For the regional intervention study, all diabetic patients 18 years or older who enrolled in a large network-based health maintenance organization (HMO) in California were identified (n = 19,397). The identified diabetic patients received educational materials and a notification of their prior diabetic retinal examination status. Also, their primary care physicians received the current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for dilated retinal examinations and a list of patients due for diabetic retinal examination.There were 25 and 27% increases in the percentage of diabetic patients who received diabetic retinal examinations in 1995 compared with the percentages in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The increase in diabetic retinal examinations was most significant after the intervention (odds ratio = 1.4). Furthermore, the improvements in compliance after the intervention were almost identical between the studies implemented on the East and West Coasts.This study and the prior study demonstrate that such a "reminder" intervention can improve compliance with diabetic retinal screening recommendations. A generalizable intervention, such as this, may be applicable on a national level. For these programs to be successful, however, HMOs and physicians must have a collaborative relationship.
Multiplexed Molecular Profiling of Lung Cancer Using Pleural Effusion
Authors: Hiroaki Akamatsu, Yasuhiro Koh, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Tateaki Naito, Masakuni Serizawa, Madoka Kimura, Keita Mori, Hisao Imai, Akira Ono, Takehito Shukuya, Tetsuhiko Taira, Haruyasu Murakami, Yasuhisa Ohde, Masahiro Endo, Takashi Nakajima, Toshiaki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
&amp;alpha;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;- and &amp;alpha;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Adrenoceptors in BPH
Authors: Masayuki Takeda, A. Hatano, K. Arai, K. Obara, T. Tsutsui, K. Takahashi
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Lectures ON THE ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE TREATMENT OF INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES, AND JOINTS: Given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, November-December, 1917
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1917)

IN my lectures for the present year I propose to review our stock of tllat kind of knowledge wlhicll is needed by tlle surgeon in the treatment of disabled men.Tlhere never was a time wlhen we stood more in need of a ready know- ledge of the rihlit kind of anatomy and physiology than now.There are in our hospitals-our repairing slhedstlhousands of human machiincs wlhichl have been damnagedor maimed in the service of tlleir country-awaiting or undergoing repair.We canniot restore action to any machine, much less that most complex of all maclhines, the human body, unless we know the arrangement andl working of its parts.Wlhatever means or practices we adopt and apply for the treatment of these disabled men, there is one condition wlichl miust be fulfilled-tlhey must be based on a knowledge of the structure and function of the body.In this and in soim-e of my subsequent lectures I propose to make excursioins into the past, and cullfrom the lives of men who devoted tllelmselves to tllh study of tllc hiumSaIn body suclh facts and experiences as may be of use to us at the present timie.There are many reasons wlhy I slhould begin witlh Jolhn Hunter: hiis life's work is the conmmion inlheritance of the Anglo-Saxon peoples; lie was still in tlle full fliglht of Ilis career whllen thie United States anid Britain parted ways; llis career, as you know, reaclhed an abrupt end as tlle winter session of 1793 began.It is not tlle stretcll of intervening vears, but the crowded series of revolutioilary movements which have swept across the fields of slurgery aid medicine whicll malke him seem distant to Us.In hiis closinig years caive a knowledge of oxygeni, of combuistion, of respiration, of 6xidationof the tissues, of lheat and termperature--knowledge whliclh tlhrew muclh of Huinter's best work into tIme realm of pure hiistory.
Bad medicine: clinical breast examination
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Tooth enamel secreted by ameloblasts is the hardest material in the human body, acting as a shield protecting the teeth. However, the enamel is gradually damaged or partially lost in over 90% of adults and cannot be regenerated due to a lack of ameloblasts in erupted teeth. Here we use sci-RNA-seq to establish a spatiotemporal single-cell atlas for the developing human tooth and identify regulatory mechanisms controlling the differentiation process of human ameloblasts. We reveal key signaling pathways involved between the support cells and ameloblasts during fetal development and recapitulate those findings in a novel human ameloblast <i>in vitro</i> differentiation from iPSCs. We furthermore develop a mineralizing enamel organ-like 3D organoid system. These studies pave the way for future regenerative dentistry and therapies toward genetic diseases affecting enamel formation.
A nonparametric method for estimating interaction effect of age and period on mortality.
Authors: M Ohtaki, D K Kim, M Munaka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In this paper we introduce a new model and develop an estimation strategy to analyze mortality data. The model we dealt with has the specific structure E[log qij] = mu + alpha i + beta j + rho ij subject to the linear restrictions sigma i alpha i/sigma 2i = sigma j beta j = sigma i pij/sigma 2i = sigma j rho ij = 0 for any i and j; here, qij denotes the mortality for the jth period category and ith age category, mu denotes the overall mean, alpha i denotes the ith age effect in antichronological order, beta j the jth period effect, rho ij the general interaction effect; and sigma 2i is the common error variance of log qij for the ith age group. We propose a combined technique of ANOVA and nonparametric smoothing for estimating these parameters. The methods described are illustrated by mortality data on rectum cancer in Japanese males and females between 1950-1986.
Morals and the Law — The Doctor's Office
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

A General growth of lawlessness is one of the well recognized phenomena of any postwar period, and a study of criminal statistics reveals that in recent years there has been an alarming increase in the number of prosecutions for serious offenses of all sorts. The rising prevalence of male homosexuality is one aspect of this trend that has caused widespread concern. Earlier this year Lord Winterton initiated a debate on the subject in the House of Lords. He vigorously attacked any who condoned the homosexual crime and bitterly opposed the views of those who contend that, because of some irresistible . . .
DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN PHYSICIAN-REPORTED AND SCORING SYSTEM-BASED STROKE AND BLEEDING RISKS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: INSIGHTS FROM THE STROKE PREVENTION AND RHYTHM INTERVENTIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (SPRINT-AF) REGISTRY
Authors: Andrew C.T. Ha, Subodh Verma, Jafna Cox, Paul Dorian, David Gladstone, Evan Lockwood, G. B. John Mancini, Colin Saldanha, Ashfaq Shuaib, Narendra Singh, Mahesh Kajil, Michelle Tsigoulis, Milan Gupta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Volunteeer Contributors for Radiology Feature
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Without the assistance of many dedicated volunteers, it would be impossible to publishThe Journal. Many physicians graciously agree to review manuscripts and books, while others contribute answers to questions published in the department QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. However, special recognition must be given to those who coordinate and edit TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY. Under the capable direction of Benjamin Felson, MD, this regular feature has provided splendid continuing education to our readers and has gained widespread popularity. Dr Felson has requested that he be relieved of his responsibilities as coordinator of TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY in June 1979, but we are most pleased that an able successor, Harold G. Jacobson, MD, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, has agreed to be the coordinator of this fine feature. As has been the custom in previous years, a rotation of editorial responsibility occurred in 1979, and we would like to thank Luther Brady, MD, George
Bile acid-induced negative feedback regulation of the human ileal bile acid transporter
Authors: Ezequiel Neimark, Frank Chen, Xiaoping Li, Benjamin L. Shneider
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Ileal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the rat is unaffected by bile salts, yet in the mouse it is under negative-feedback regulation. The bile acid responsiveness of human ASBT is unknown. The human ASBT promoter linked to a luciferase reporter was studied in Caco-2 cells treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and transfected with expression plasmids for farnesoid X-receptor (FXR), short heterodimer partner (SHP), and retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR). CDCA treatment of Caco-2 cells led to a 75% reduction in steady-state ASBT messenger RNA levels and a 78% reduction in human ASBT promoter activity. A dominant negative FXR abrogated the response to CDCA. Site-directed mutagenesis of an RAR/RXR cis element in the human ASBT promoter reduced its activity by 50% and eliminated the bile acid response. Retinoic acid activated the human ASBT promoter fourfold. SHP repressed the activity of the ASBT promoter and reduced activation by retinoic acid. Antisense mediated knock-down of SHP in Caco-2 cells partially offset the bile acid mediated repression of ASBT promoter activity. In conclusion , the human ASBT is positively regulated by retinoic acid. Bile acids induce a negative feedback regulation of human ASBT via an FXR-mediated, SHP-dependent effect upon RAR/RXR activation of ASBT. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (Hepatology 2004;40:149-156.)
Medically unexplained symptoms: (Letter 5 of 5)
Authors: J. G Mendel
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The admirers of Thomas Willis are indebted to Dr O'Connor (March 2003 JRSM 1 ) for adding further evidence that Cerebri Anatome (1664) reflects the religious and political practices of mid-17th-century England.Keele previously noted that the dedication of this famous book can leave no reasonable doubt that Willis
Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical Surgery
Authors: Philip Thorek
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This thirteenth edition has maintained the fine standard set by the previous editions. The task of modernizing this long-established work has been ably accomplished. It is gratifying to know that physical diagnosis is still considered of vital importance and has not been entirely replaced by laboratory data. The book is voluminously illustrated, and the illustrations are expertly related to the text. Chapter 21, which deals with non-acute abdominal conditions, is outstanding. Mr. Bailey continues to be successful in making clear, concise, pithy statements which are of particular value to the reader. This excellent book is highly recommended for both undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in clinical surgery.
How can we best prevent new foot ulcers in people with diabetes?
Authors: F. Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Screening people with diabetes for peripheral neuropathy and the presence of peripheral pulses every 15 months forms part of the quality and outcomes framework of the General Medical Services contract.1 Our understanding about the best ways to identify those at risk of foot disease, although not entirely definitive, has been greatly helped by epidemiological research to evaluate the prognostic value of tests.2 Unfortunately, the same progress has not been made with preventive strategies, and uncertainty exists about the best ways to prevent foot ulcers, especially new cases.3

Little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is available to inform clinical guidelines on preventing diabetic foot ulcers.4 5 6 Naturally, good glycaemic control is highly desirable and has been shown to reduce the incidence of neuropathy.7 However, the effects of interventions that explicitly focus on foot health, specialist foot care, pressure deflection, and patient education have not been rigorously evaluated.

### Screening and specialist foot care

A systematic review of interventions to prevent diabetic foot ulcers found no evidence …
Review: Fecal calprotectin is accurate for screening for suspected IBD in adults but less so in children
Authors: Geoffrey M. Forbes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3369. 20634346
Early Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Claudia H. Kawas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 72-year-old, college-educated woman comes in for the evaluation of mild memory loss that has been gradually progressing for the past two years. The patient drives her own car and manages her own finances, although she has recently made some errors in her checkbook. She also forgot the location of her car in a mall parking lot for two hours. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?
The Absorption of Mercurials from Ointments Applied to the Skin
Authors: R. B. Wild, I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1926)

BiTrJonno necessity to place restriction on the movements of other occupants provided they are frequently examined and remain well.Those in colntact with the case may be advised to use antiseptic niasal sprays, doiuches, and throat gargles.Aiiy personis in the ilnfected household who suffer from-sore throat or other symptoms suggestive of an abortive attack should be medically treated and isolated until they have recovered.The sick-room should be thoroughly cleanised and disilnfected at the end of the illness.Although there is no specific treatment, much may be done to sustain and tide the patient over the acute period of attack.Confinement to bed, the services of a trained nurse, and treatment as an infectious disorder are primary essentials.In many cases transient or permanent relief with diminution of stupor follows on the withdrawal of cerebro-spinal fluid by lumbar puncture.It is seldom advisable to adminiister hypnotics, morphine, or other preparation of opium; urotropine, if prescribed, should be admin-istered in small doses with caution and with suitable tests as a guide.Hall advises belladolnna in the treatment of chroniic forms of the disease. CONCLUSION.To encephalitis lethargica we may apply the woirds of Harvey: " Nature is nowhere accustomed more openly to display her secret mysteries than in cases where she shows traces of her workings apart from the beaten path; nor is there any better way to advance the proper practice of medicine than to give our minds to the discovery of the usual law of nature, by the careful investigation of cases of rarer forms of disease."The study of encephalitis lethargica has made many problemiis in neurology and physiology plain; but the existenice of this tragical disease in our midst is a heavy price to pay for the acquisition of new learning.Sir Thomas Browne wrote: " Some will allow no diseases to be new, others think that many old ones are ceased; and that such which are esteemed new will have but their time."But even if this last is true of encephalitis lethargica, it behoves us all to endeavour to shorten the time of visitatioIn.You will have gathered from what has been said how serious is the disease anid how deplorable and frequent are its after-manifestations.Further study of the malady will add to our knowledge and will furnish us with fresh weapons for attack and defence.In this crusade the team work of the epidemio- logist, the physiciani, anid the pathologist is all-important.
Activation of a Rac GTPase by the NLR Family Disease Resistance Protein Pit Plays a Critical Role in Rice Innate Immunity
Authors: Yoji Kawano, Akira Akamatsu, Keiko Hayashi, Yusuke Housen, Jun Okuda, Ai Yao, Ayako Nakashima, Hiroki Takahashi, Hitoshi Yoshida, Hann Ling Wong, Tsutomu Kawasaki, Ko Shimamoto
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Joseph D. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Vesicoureteral reflux in siblings or different generations has not been emphasized. In nine families, each with two members having unilateral or bilateral reflux, at least one member from each family has required surgical correction. Family surveys demonstrated other congenital and acquired urinary tract abnormalities. Failure of conservative management plus cystoscopic evidence of a defective ureteral orifice support a familial or hereditary basis for vesicoureteral reflux.
The natural history of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced myositis and myocarditis in mice. Viral persistence demonstrated by in situ hybridization.
Authors: M E Cronin, L A Love, F W Miller, P R McClintock, P H Plotz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Picornaviruses can initiate chronic inflammation that persists after the virus can no longer be cultured from inflamed tissues. In an attempt to understand this transition we have sought evidence for viral persistence by methods that detect viral genome independent of whether or not whole competent virus is present. In mice infected with a myotropic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus, EMC-221A, virus can be cultured in high yield at 1 wk and in low yield at 2 wk from skeletal muscle, heart, and brain; a small number of plaque-forming units could be cultured from brain at 4 wk. By contrast, in situ hybridization detected viral nucleic acid at least a week or two thereafter, often in single cells. In the skeletal muscle, inflammation disappeared by 3 wk, but in heart it remained for the full 12 wk of observation. In the brain, microglial nodules, sometimes with associated viral nucleic acid, were present for a long period. Application of this technique allows a more accurate assessment of the role of viral persistence in the pathogenesis of virus-initiated but apparently autoimmune inflammation.
Drug-Induced Diabetes
Authors: Frederick W. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1963)

During the course of studies of hypertensive patients, including a double blind study, observations were made concerning the diabetogenic activity of benzothiadiazine derivatives. This activity was observed to occur in nonobese patients without a family history of diabetes as well as in obese hypertensives with such a family history. These observations suggest that benzothiadiazines should not be given to young or middle-aged hypertensives in whom there is a lengthy life expectancy and for whom alternative hypotensive therapy is feasible.
Anencephalic Infants as Sources for Organs: Gravity and the Steepness and Slipperiness of Slopes
Authors: James W. Walters
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article entitled "The Use of Anencephalic Infants as Organ Sources: A Critique," Shewmon et al<sup>1</sup>lament a perceived lack of respect for current definitions of death. The authors cite a history of laxity regarding determination of death in anencephalics prior to kidney procurement operations, they criticize certain medical centers for entering uncharted water in declaring particular anencephalics dead, and they invoke the "slippery slope" argument in pointing to other humans who have no greater prospects for life than anencephalics. However, toward the end of their long and heavily referenced article, the authors make a telling admission: "Inaccuracies in the declaration of brain death make no difference whatsoever from the point of view of dying, comatose patients themselves. The importance lies rather with the larger impact on society of establishing a tolerance toward sloppiness in either the conceptualization or implementation of standards for determining death."
The economic impact of rheumatic heart disease in developing countries
Authors: D Watkins, A Daskalakis
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a neglected disease of poverty that is the most common paediatric cardiovascular condition in developing countries. Most RHD deaths occur in children and working-age adults, in whom the economic impact of premature death is high. Despite RHD being a preventable disease, global research and development funding for RHD was recently estimated at US$1·7 million, or about 0·1% of all global health funding. Decisions to scale up costly medical and surgical interventions for RHD are hindered, in part, by lack of evidence for the so-called return on investment that could be achieved through prevention of RHD-related mortality. We conducted a modelling study using data from 107 countries to estimate the economic impact of excess mortality from RHD.MethodsWe used the full income approach to quantify the economic losses from RHD in 107 countries where the disease is endemic during 2010. Our analysis synthesised data from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study, WHO life tables, UN population estimates, and World Bank macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita that are used in full-income calculations. We used the RHD mortality pattern in Costa Rica in 2010 as a baseline from which to define excess mortality. Data from this country were used because of Costa Rica's demonstrated success in controlling RHD in previous decades as well as its health system's resilience under political and economic constraints. We reported costs discounted at 3% yearly as well as undiscounted.FindingsWe noted that the cost of the approximately 222 000 excess deaths from RHD in 2010 was around US$ (2014) 2·2 trillion (discounted) or US$5·4 trillion (undiscounted). Most of the economic burden of RHD was in countries with large populations in south Asia and east Asia. Our estimates were roughly proportional to those reported in a full-income study of HIV/AIDS mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, although our estimates were 10–100 times higher than those obtained using other economic methods, such as multiples of GDP per capita per disability-adjusted life-year.InterpretationRHD continues to exert massive economic effects globally, mainly because of premature death in children and working-age adults. The economic cost of RHD in developing countries is over a million times higher than current donor funding levels. Our estimates suggest that careful increases in public-sector and private-sector spending on effective RHD prevention and control measures could provide impressive returns on investment. Future work will compare the full-income results to other economic evaluation methods such as those recommended by the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. Our results could be the basis for benefit-cost analyses of medical and surgical interventions in resource-limited countries.FundingNone.