tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expenditures for the Care of HIV-Infected Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Samuel A. Bozzette, Geoffrey Joyce, Daniel F. McCaffrey, Arleen A. Leibowitz, Sally C. Morton, Sandra H. Berry, Afshin Rastegar, David Timberlake, Martin F. Shapiro, Dana P. Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The introduction of expensive but very effective antiviral medications has led to questions about the effects on the total use of resources for the care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined expenditures for the care of HIV-infected patients since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Authors' reply to Bird
Authors: G. S. Collins, D. G. Altman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Bird confirms that substantial data were missing for body mass index and the total serum cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.1 2 Most patients (1 221 873; 58.6%) had only one or no missing risk factors, and more than 400 000 had complete data.

Bird also queries our imputation strategy, which followed that of the original study developing QRISK2. The conclusions of the validation study are unlikely to be …
Assessment of thickness of photoprotective lipsticks and frequency of reapplication: results from a laboratory test and a field experiment
Authors: H. Maier, G. Schauberger, K. Brunnhofer, H. Honigsmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

The thickness of the sunscreen layer that is actually applied by consumers under usual conditions has been determined for photoprotective lotions and creams; however, this question is still unanswered for photoprotective lipsticks.To assess lipstick thickness (area density) and frequency of application per day for two commercially available photoprotective lipsticks with different consistency.The study consisted of a laboratory test and a field experiment. In the laboratory test the applied lipstick thickness was determined as area density in mg cm(-2) for a group of 28 panellists under standardized conditions. In a separate group of 18 subjects we assessed the area density and the frequency of application per day for two photoprotective lipsticks during a 6-day skiing course.In the laboratory test the median and 95% confidence interval of the area density was 0.98 mg cm(-2) (0.66-1.65) and 0.86 mg cm(-2) (0.63-1.40) for products A and B, respectively. The respective values of the field experiment were 1.58 mg cm(-2) (0.79-2.23) (product A) and 1.76 mg cm(-2) (1.16-3.50) (product B). Only 11% of all applications of lipstick A and 6% of all applications of lipstick B reached the reference area density of 2.0 mg cm(-2). The difference between the median of the area density for lipstick A (firm consistency) and lipstick B (soft consistency) was not statistically significant. No statistically significant influence on the area density was found for age, sex, photobiological skin type or regular lipstick use. The median daily frequency of application was 2.2 times for lipstick A and 3.0 times for lipstick B.Our investigation shows that photoprotective lipsticks are applied in a much thinner layer than recommended by international standards (2 mg cm(-2)). This results in a significant reduction of the photoprotective capacity. Furthermore, the frequency of application is too low for adequate protection. Therefore, we propose that the sun protection factor (SPF) should be assessed for an area density that reflects the actual usage patterns. As long as the test protocol is not adapted to the reduced area density, photoprotective lipsticks with high and ultrahigh SPF should be recommended, especially for individuals with increased risk for the development of lip malignancies.
Intravenous Cidofovir for Peripheral Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Jacob P. Lalezari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common intraocular infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). If left untreated, it may lead to progressive destruction of retinal tissue and blindness. Cidofovir is a nucleotide analogue of cytosine that has potent, prolonged in vitro and in vivo activity against herpesviruses, including many CMV isolates that are resistant to ganciclovir and foscarnet.To determine whether intravenous cidofovir delays progression of previously untreated CMV retinitis.Randomized, controlled trial comparing immediate with deferred cidofovir treatment. Patients in the deferred treatment group were eligible to receive cidofovir after progression of CMV retinitis was documented by retinal photography.Eight academic medical centers and an independent center that read retinal photographs.48 patients with AIDS and previously untreated peripheral CMV retinitis who were randomly assigned to immediate (n = 25) or deferred treatment (n = 23).Intravenous cidofovir, 5 mg/kg of body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks and then once every other week. To minimize nephrotoxicity, oral probenecid and intravenous hydration with normal saline were administered with each cidofovir infusion.Progression of CMV retinitis was assessed by bilateral, full-field retinal photographs that were read by an ophthalmologist who was masked to treatment assignment. Incidence of side effects, changes in visual acuity, effect on CMV shedding in urine and blood, and mortality were also assessed.The median time to progression of CMV retinitis was 22 days (95% CI, 10 to 27 days) in the deferred treatment group and 120 days (CI, 40 to 134 days) in the immediate treatment group (P < 0.001). Neutropenia (15%) and proteinuria (12%), both asymptomatic, were the most common serious adverse events considered to be possibly related to cidofovir. Cidofovir treatment was discontinued in 10 of 41 patients (24%) because of protocol-defined treatment-limiting nephrotoxicity. Transient reactions to probenecid, including mild to moderate constitutional symptoms or nausea, occurred in 23 of 41 patients (56%) and were dose limiting in 3 (7%).Cidofovir was efficacious in delaying progression of previously untreated CMV retinitis. Treatment was associated with manageable side effects; strict adherence to monitoring of renal function before cidofovir was administered and concomitant administration of probenecid and saline hydration appeared to minimize drug-related nephrotoxicity.
A 2-Year-Old Girl With Skin Fragility
Authors: Juan Francisco Mir-Bonafe, Eulalia Baselga-Torres, Rogelio Gonzalez-Sarmiento
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Insulin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: G. Day
Journal: BMJ (1940)

in spontaneous tetany resulting from hyperventilation, and to a much less extent in the tetany induced by volun- tary overbreathing in normal people, many of the symp- toms associated with effort syndrome, etc.-breathlessness, dizziness, faintness, palpitation, tremor-are also present, but tend to be overshadowed by the tetanic spasms.Thirdly, in most cases of spontaneouLs hyperventilation tetany and in all reported cases of effort syndrome, etc., there is a background of anxiety, emotional stress, or other psychological disturbance.
<i>Plasmodium vivax</i>Microgametes
Authors: Rebekah Karplus, Stephanie P Johnston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 31-year-old woman, 33 weeks pregnant, presented with a fever (40°C) and chills 2 months after returning from a trip to Brazil. A mixed infection of Plasmodium malariae and P. falciparum was diagnosed and treated with quinine. She had a relapse one month after the diagnosis, and labor was induced because of fetal distress. A review of both sets of smears led to a revised diagnosis of P. vivax, confirmed by polymerase-chain-reaction testing. In the current smear, a ring form is seen within a red cell with basophilic stippling, or what are known as Schuffner's dots (arrow), and also several . . .
Left Ventricular Regional Function After Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nobuyuki Takahashi, Toshiji Iwasaka, Tetsuro Sugiura, Tadashi Hasegawa, Noritaka Tarumi, Yutaka Kimura, Shigemitsu Kurihara, Hideki Onoyama, Mitsuo Inada
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

To elucidate the pathophysiological role of diabetes mellitus in determining the left ventricular regional function of the noninfarcted area, 55 patients with acute Q wave anterior myocardial infarction (MI) were studied. The regional ejection fraction of the noninfarcted area was obtained by radionuclide angiocardiography and was used to estimate the left ventricular regional function of the noninfarcted area. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the important variables contributing to the regional ejection fraction based on 10 clinical variables: age, sex, QRS score, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, postinfarction angina, body mass index, serum cholesterol, and coronary atherosclerosis. A high QRS score (P &amp;lt; .001) and the association of diabetes mellitus (P &amp;lt; .05) were the important factors contributing to regional left ventricular dysfunction. The regional ejection fraction and QRS score had an inverse linear relationship in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, and the regional ejection fraction was significantly lower in diabetic patients at every QRS score (P &amp;lt; .05). The association of hypertension, severity of coronary atherosclerosis, serum cholesterol level, age, and body mass index did not differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients, which indicates that diabetes mellitus was not mediated through these atherogenic traits. Thus, diabetes mellitus is another discrete cause of regional left ventricular dysfunction of the noninfarcted area after acute MI.
Abstract 5225: MicroRNA profiling in serum samples from donors with germ cell cancer
Authors: Kathy Y. Lee, Sunali Patel, Kathleen Hayashibara, Shirley Chu, Ad J. M Gillis, Martin Rijlaarsdam, Lambert C.J Dorssers, Leendert H. J Looijenga
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules (∼21 bases) that have been identified as important regulators of gene expression at the translational and transcriptional level. They are known to play a crucial role in cell development, differentiation, and disease. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to cancer development and tumor progression. In addition, miRNAs have been identified as tumor classifiers and disease biomarkers. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are present in body fluids (serum, saliva, semen, urine) thus providing a non-invasive tool to study and monitor disease states. Earlier research studies identified specific miRNAs as characteristic for germ cell tumors, such as testicular cancer (miR-372, miR-373). miRNA Profiling (∼760 miRNAs) was performed to identify additional miRNAs as candidate biomarkers in serum samples for testicular cancer (seminoma and non-seminoma types), from normal and cancer tissue in parallel with their matched serum samples collected from patients with testicular cancer. For this research study we used a miRNA specific bead capture system to isolate miRNAs from serum and TaqMan® Array Card platform for profiling. We will present results from this research study comparing the miRNA expression patterns in matched normal, cancer tissue, and serum. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Kathy Y. Lee, Sunali Patel, Kathleen Hayashibara, Shirley Chu, Ad J. M Gillis, Martin Rijlaarsdam, Lambert C.J Dorssers, Leendert H. J Looijenga. MicroRNA profiling in serum samples from donors with germ cell cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5225
Randomization Designs in Comparative Clinical Trials
Authors: Susan S. Ellenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN a conventionally conducted randomized clinical trial, random assignment to treatment does not lake place until the patient has been demonstrated to be eligible, has had the details of the study explained, including possible risks and benefits of the therapeutic alternatives, and has then agreed to participate. A modification of this randomization procedure, the "randomized-consent design," has recently been introduced into the practice of clinical trials. The intent of this new design, also called prerandomization, is to eliminate what many physicians feel to be a most uncomfortable and difficult aspect of randomized clinical trials: having to obtain the patient's consent . . .
COMPARISON OF THE ACTION OF STREPTOMYCIN, POLYMYXIN B, AUREOMYCIN AND CHLOROMYCETIN ON H. PERTUSSIS, H. PARAPERTUSSIS, H. INFLUENZAE AND FIVE ENTERIC STRAINS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI 12
Authors: Hattie E. Alexander, Grace Leidy, Winifred Redman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)
Epilepsy and Pregnancy: A Report from the Oxford Record Linkage Study
Authors: J. Fedrick
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The files of the Oxford Record Linkage Study were used to identify 223 infants delivered to 168 epileptic women as the result of 218 pregnancies. There were six stillbirths, two of which were grossly malformed. It was shown that the population of epileptic mothers differed significantly from the total reproducing population in respect of social class. Each pregnancy resulting in a livebirth was therefore matched exactly for social class, civil status, maternal age, parity, hospital, and year of delivery with three control deliveries resulting in livebirths. The defects noted at birth were abstracted from the Record Linkage files, and any subsequent hospital admissions or deaths of the children were also abstracted.There were highly significant excesses of congenital abnormalities among the infants born to epileptic mothers (13.8% of livebirths had some degree of defect of congenital origin compared with 5.6% of controls, P <0.0005). It was shown that neither the frequency with which the mother had fits nor the length of time she had had the epilepsy seemed to bear any relation to the frequency of defects in the offspring-with the exception of the two mothers who developed epilepsy in the first
Comparison of Valve Structure, Valve Weight, and Severity of the Valve Obstruction in 1849 Patients Having Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Valve Stenosis (With or Without Associated Aortic Regurgitation) Studied at 3 Different Medical Centers in 2 Different Time Periods
Authors: William Clifford Roberts, Jong Mi Ko, Cody Hamilton
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Aortic valve replacement (AVR) for patients with aortic stenosis (AS) has now been available for 45 years. During this period, indications for the procedure have changed.Operatively excised stenotic aortic valves (with or without associated aortic regurgitation and without associated mitral valve disease) from 3 different medical centers (National Institutes of Health, Georgetown University Medical Center, and Baylor University Medical Center) were examined during 2 different time periods by the same physician to compare aortic valve structure, valve weight, age at operation, preoperative transvalvular peak pressure gradient, calculated aortic valve area, and whether simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed. Compared with the first 3 decades (1961-1990) of AVR, patients having this operation during the fourth and fifth decades (1991-2004) had a lower frequency of congenitally malformed aortic valves, a higher frequency of tricuspid aortic valves, an older age, valves of lighter weight and lower transvalvular peak pressure gradients, and more often simultaneous CABG.Although patients having isolated AVR for AS in the present and last decade were older than in the first 3 decades of valve replacement surgery, congenitally malformed aortic valves continue to be more common than tricuspid aortic valves, but the degree of AS and therefore, valve weight was significantly lower than in the earlier decades.
Alcohol and the Heart
Authors: PATRICIA J. HOPPE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Alcohol and the HeartPATRICIA J. HOPPE, PHARM. D.PATRICIA J. HOPPE, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-109_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: After reading the article by Greenberg and associates (1), I was left wondering if a typographical error had been made on the dose of alcohol. The authors stated they gave an ethanol dose of 0.9 g/kg body weight; a 70 kg man would have reached 63 g of ethanol. One would need 157 mL of 80-proof vodka to provide that much alcohol. Did they really ask their patients to drink 165 mL of vodka in less than 10 minutes? The serum alcohol levels listed would tend to support that intrepretation; the patients would have been legally drunk...Reference1. GREENBERGSCHUTZGRUNKEMEIERGRISWOLD BRGH. Acute effects of alcohol in patients with congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:171-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1Page: 109-110KeywordsAlcoholsBody weightEthanolHeart Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antidepressant drug use in primary care: a record linkage study in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: T M MacDonald, A D McMahon, I C Reid, G W Fenton, D G McDevitt
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in general practice.'There is consensus that antidepressants should be given in sufficient dose and for sufficiently long if treatment is to be effective.2Tricyclic antidepressants carry warnings about their use in patients with cardiac diseases, and they have well known anticholiner- gic effects that could cause predictable toxicity.Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors are thought to be devoid of such effects.We studied the use and safety of antidepressant drugs in the community, with reference to their labelled warnings. Patients, methods, and resultsWe studied patient specific dispensed prescribing' for antidepressant drugs and admissions to hospital for possible adverse effects over 14 months using a record linkage database that covers the population of Tayside, Scotland (about 400 000 subjects).4The dose and duration of use of antidepressants was determined, as was the number of subjects who had labelled contrain- dications to and cautions against taking tricyclic anti- depressants.Overall, 20 195 patients received 85 315 prescriptions for an antidepressant drug (14 988 patients received tricyclic antidepressants, 3571 received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and 1636 received both).In comparison with published guidelines,2 tricycic antidepressants were generally given in subtherapeutic doses (10 804 (72%) subjects received only subtherapeutic doses, 1125 (7%) therapeutic or both doses, and 3059 (21%) unknown doses).Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors tended to be given in therapeutic doses (281 (8%) received
Clearance by the liver in cirrhosis. II. Characterization of propranolol uptake with the multiple-indicator dilution technique
Authors: Louise Gariépy, Daphna Fenyves, Ibrahim Kassissia, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We studied the steady-state hepatic extraction and single-pass hepatic uptake of propranolol in isolated perfused livers from normal rats and compared these values with those of rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, rats treated with chlorpromazine (an inhibitor of propranolol metabolism) and rats with acute liver injury. The kinetics of propranolol transport in the liver were characterized by means of the multiple-indicator dilution technique, and estimates of cellular influx, efflux and sequestration rate constants were obtained with a computer fit to the model of Goresky. The outflow pattern of propranolol in the hepatic veins was then resolved into throughput material, which had swept past the hepatoyctes along with albumin, and returning material, which had entered the cells but returned in the outflow after escaping metabolic sequestration. The steady-state extraction of propranolol was significantly decreased in the three experimental groups compared with that in controls, but the outflow profile differed within each group. In cirrhotic animals, influx was markedly decreased and the sequestration rate constant remained unchanged; most of the propranolol in the outflow consisted of throughput material. In rats treated with chlorpromazine, the sequestration rate constant was decreased, and propranolol in the outflow was mainly returning material. In rats with acute liver injury, both influx and sequestration rate constants were decreased. Indicator dilution curves for nonsequestered tracers showed a decreased transit time for red blood cells and abnormal diffusion of albumin and sucrose into the space of Disse in cirrhotic rats compared with the other groups. These results demonstrate that the decreased hepatic extraction of propranolol in cirrhotic rats is due to impaired cellular influx rather than to reduced metabolism. We speculate that the limitation of propranolol cellular entry in cirrhosis is related to restriction of diffusion of protein-bound propranolol into the space of Disse, to the presence of small intrahepatic shunts or to both (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:823-831).
Methyprylon
Authors: Leo J. Cass, Willem S. Frederik, John B. Andosca
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of methyprylon (3,3-diethyl-2,4-dioxo-5-methylpiperidine),§ a Central-nervous-system depressant, which in laboratory animals had shown a very desirable therapeutic ratio. The program, which was carried out on patients from the population of Long Island Hospital in Boston, consisted of three phases: a pilot experiment to determine whether methyprylon has somnifacient effects in man; a study of chronic toxicity to investigate the safety of the drug if it is given over a prolonged period; and a double blind study of the dose–response relation, including three dosage levels of methyprylon and placebo medication. . . .