tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of aerosol administration of a thromboxane receptor antagonist (S‐1452) on experimental asthma in guinea pigs
Authors: M. Saito, M. Fujimura, K. Mizuhashi, H. Shintani, T. Matsuda
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The importance of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), one of the arachidonate metabolites, in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma has been emphasized recently. Because aerosolized administration of antiasthmatic drugs is effective and safe, this study examined the effect of aerosolized TXA2 receptor antagonist (S-1452) on allergic bronchoconstriction in passively sensitized and mechanically ventilated guinea pigs. Under the cover of antihistamine, antigen-induced bronchoconstriction was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with aerosolized S-1452 inhalation in a dose-dependent manner. Although aerosolized S-1452 itself provoked weak bronchoconstriction for its partial agonist effect, bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine did not change 10 min after S-1452 inhalation. These results indicate that aerosolized S-1452 may be useful in treating bronchial asthma.
Cost Consequences of the 340B Drug Discount Program
Authors: Rena M. Conti, Peter B. Bach
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Created in 1992, a little-known federal drug discount program called "340B" allowed a handful of hospitals that cared for the poor to obtain drugs for their patients at substantially reduced prices.Today, through a series of expansions, including some enumerated in the Affordable Care Act, numerous other types of entities such as community hospitals and cancer centers that serve both the poor and the well-insured can participate. 1Between 2009 and 2012 the number of enrolled hospitals doubled, and today the program includes 1679 hospitals, a third of all hospitals in the United States.
ADOLESCENTS WHO ATTEMPT SUICIDE: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: JOSEPH D. TEICHER, JERRY JACOBS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

"Precipitating causes" can only be meaningfully evaluated within the context of the individual's total biography and from the perspective of what these situations have meant to him. The process whereby the adolescent comes to view suicide as the "only solution" is seen to result from a progression of his problems through three stages: 1) a long-standing history of problems; 2) a period of "escalation" of problems by the introduction of new problems associated with adolescence within the last five years; and 3) a final stage—a recent onslaught of problems usually characterized by a chain-reaction dissolution of any remaining meaningful social relationships. This progressive social isolation constitutes "the problem" and at the same time serves to prevent the adolescent from securing any possible means of resolving it.
Is day case liver biopsy underutilised?
Authors: A C Douds, A E Joseph, C Finlayson, J D Maxwell
Journal: Gut (1995)

Day case liver biopsies are rarely performed nationally but have been routine practice in selected patients in our hospital since 1989. We have audited our experience of this procedure to compare its safety, and efficacy with inpatient biopsy and assess patient acceptability. Audit data were collected retrospectively on liver biopsies performed at a teaching hospital over 42 months. Acceptability of day case biopsy was assessed by a questionnaire. A total of 182 of 546 biopsies were day cases (33%). The specimen quality was similar in both groups. The overall complication rate did not significantly differ between the two groups (2.7% day case v 3.3% inpatients). There were no deaths or episodes of haemorrhage in the day cases but one patient developed a pneumothorax. Some 91% of those who had a day case biopsy were satisfied with the procedure. Day case liver biopsy is safe, effective, and acceptable in selected patients.
Points from Letters: Community Health Specialists
Authors: M. R. F. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Ketoprofen, one of the many propionic acid derivatives flooding the market, is the subject of another substantial promotional programme only 12 months after the first. . ..Pharmaceutical companies, it seems, are playing into the hands of "Bennery" witlh such blatant "burning" of profits.. The public can hardly be expected to support the call for more money for the N.H.S. when it seems the medical profession is doing little to discourage such wasteful practices....
Physician-, biomarker-, and symptom-based adjustment of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma had similar effects
Authors: Matthew B. Stanbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Calhoun WJ, Ameredes BT, King TS, et al; Asthma Clinical Research Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Comparison of physician-, biomarker-, and symptom-based strategies for adjustment of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in adults with asthma: the BASALT randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012;308:987-97. 22968888
Sites of conduction block in accessory atrioventricular pathways. Basis for concealed accessory pathways.
Authors: K H Kuck, K J Friday, K P Kunze, M Schlüter, R Lazzara, W M Jackman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Catheter recordings of accessory pathway (AP) activation were used to identify the site of antegrade and retrograde AP conduction block in 126 consecutive patients undergoing electrophysiological testing. Activation was recorded from 89 of 121 left free-wall and posteroseptal pathways (left APs) and from 12 of 24 right free-wall, midseptal, and anteroseptal pathways (right APs). The recorded APs were further subdivided into those exhibiting consistent antegrade conduction during sinus rhythm (overt APs: 50 left APs, eight right APs), those exhibiting intermittent antegrade conduction (intermittent APs: six left APs, two right APs), and those exhibiting only retrograde conduction (concealed APs: 33 left APs, two right APs). The sites of block were recorded during decremental atrial and ventricular stimulation. The sites of both antegrade and retrograde block were determined in 40 of 50 overt left APs and six of eight overt right APs. Antegrade and retrograde block occurred at or near the AP-ventricular (AP-V) interface in 37 of 40 overt left APs and two of six overt right APs and at the atrial-AP (A-AP) interface in one of 40 overt left APs and four of six overt right APs. In three of three overt left APs with no retrograde conduction, retrograde block occurred at or near the AP-V interface. The site of antegrade and retrograde block differed in only two of 58 overt pathways. There was no difference between overt APs limited at the A-AP or the AP-V interface in the shortest atrial or ventricular pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 antegrade or retrograde AP conduction, respectively. Both antegrade and retrograde block occurred near the AP-V interface in four of six intermittent left APs and zero of two intermittent right APs and near the A-AP interface in two of six intermittent left APs and one of two intermittent right APs. The sites of both antegrade and retrograde block were determined in 28 of 33 concealed left APs, and both occurred at or near the AP-V interface in 26 and A-AP interface in two APs. In two of two concealed right APs, antegrade block occurred at the AP-V interface. These findings suggest that both antegrade and retrograde conduction are limited by factors operating near the AP-V interface in overt left APs and at the A-AP or AP-V interface in overt right APs. Factors limiting antegrade conduction in concealed APs appear to be located almost always near the AP-V interface.
Venous blood gas and metabolite response to low-intensity muscle contractions with external limb compression
Authors: Tomohiro Yasuda, Takashi Abe, William F. Brechue, Haruko Iida, Haruhito Takano, Kentaro Meguro, Miwa Kurano, Satoshi Fujita, Toshiaki Nakajima
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Prophylactic sclerotherapy of high-risk esophageal varices: Results of a multicentric prospective controlled trial
Authors: Guido Piai, Livio Cipolletta, Max Claar, Giampiero Marone, Maria Antonietta Bianco, Giovanni Forte, Giuseppe Iodice, Daniele Mattera, Mauro Minieri, Pietro Rocco, Lorenzo Michele Santoro, Gabriele Mazzacca
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

In this prospective, multicenter trial, 140 cirrhotic patients with no previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding and with esophageal varices endoscopically judged to be at high risk of hemorrhage were randomized to receive either sclerotherapy or conservative treatment for the prevention of first variceal bleeding. The end-points of the study were bleeding and death. Life table curves showed that prophylactic sclerotherapy significantly diminished the incidence of variceal hemorrhage (p less than 0.001) and overall mortality (p less than 0.01). Two-year cumulative bleeding rate was 18% in the sclerosis group (95% confidence interval = 10 and 31) and 57% (95% confidence interval = 40 and 72) in the control group. Two-year cumulative mortality rate was 30% (95% confidence interval = 19 and 45) in the sclerotherapy group and 56% (95% confidence interval = 39 and 72) in the controls. One patient died after hemorrhage from an ulcer secondary to sclerotherapy. Analysis by the Cox model of the factors potentially confounding or interacting with the effect of sclerotherapy suggested that sclerotherapy was more efficient in preventing first bleeding in patients with decompensated disease (Child B and C) than in those in good condition (Child A). However, the 2-year cumulative bleeding rate of untreated Child A patients was only 19%, showing how in this group the endoscopic findings were unreliable in selecting high-risk varices and explaining why after a 2-year follow-up prophylactic sclerosis did not show any benefit in such patients. We conclude that sclerotherapy can decrease the incidence of first variceal bleeding and death for a period of 2 years in cirrhotic patients with high-risk varices.
Pay of distinction
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

“No funds available: please remove card” flashed on the screen. I flushed in embarrassment and swore viciously under my breath. This is no way to impress a first date. I turned and smiled: “You couldn’t lend me a fiver?” She laughed and offered me a tenner. 

Money is important: it reflects status and responsibility. General practitioners have been in the news recently for being overpaid. Now it is the turn of consultants, because the Scottish government has their “distinction awards” …
Surveillance of antibody to measles, mumps, and rubella by age.
Authors: P. Morgan-Capner, J. Wright, C. L. Miller, E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Before the introduction of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine a survey was carried out to measure antibody prevalence to the three viruses by age. A total of 8716 samples of serum collected by five public health laboratories in different parts of England during 1986-7 were tested. Despite the current measles vaccination programme 60% of children aged 1-2 years did not have measles antibody and over 80% did not have antibodies to mumps and rubella. In the 3-4 year age group 17% of the children were susceptible to measles, 55% to mumps, and 73% to rubella. The results suggest that vaccinating children early in the second year of life will be necessary to eliminate the three diseases. The survey provides baseline data for continuing surveillance of the immediate and long term effects of the new vaccination strategy.
673. Threshold of Normal Stem Cells for Successful Correction of Murine β-Thalassemia
Authors: Hady Felfly, Marie Trudel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

To achieve a permanent correction of the β-thalassemia phenotype, it is necessary to establish basic criteria to serve as reference. Using the hemi-βthal mouse deleted from the two adult genes in the β-globin locus on a homogenous genetic background, we have shown that not only red blood cells (RBCs) have a shortened half-life but also that the late erythroid precursors have cellular and structural anomalies resulting in severe ineffective erythropoiesis. Based on this characterization, we hypothesized that bone marrow transplantation of normal donor cells into a thalassemic recipient would have a strong selective advantage and predominate upon erythroid differentiation and maturation. Our aim was to determine the minimal percent of normal bone marrow cells that is necessary to engraft for a future curative gene therapy approach. We have used a Competitive Repopulating Assay by transplanting lethally irradiated recipient mice with a fixed number of bone marrow cells containing reciprocal proportions of normal and hemi-βthal cells ranging from 5 to 100%. The assays were designed to generate 11 chimeric groups of hemi-βthal mice with at least 5 mice per group transplanted with normal and hemi-βthal bone marrow cells. Analysis of 95 hemi-βthal recipient mice followed for short and long-term post-transplantation (2 months to >1 year) were carried out by various cellular, molecular and physio-pathologic evaluation. These analyses showed that a chimerism of 19–24 % normal engrafted cells, determined by the Gpi1a marker, produced 40–50% of normal RBCs in the peripheral blood. Interestingly, the osmotic fragility of the RBCs from the chimeric hemi-βthal groups displayed a two-step lysis corresponding to the chimerism of the two RBC populations. The hematological parameters of the 19–24% chimeric hemi-βthal mice were significantly improved with increase hemoglobin of 3–4 g/dl and mean cell volume (MCV) reaching normal range. With 19% chimerism, RBC half-life was increased by at least 60% relative to control and their morphology was significantly ameliorated. Similarly, bone marrow and splenic erythropoiesis was improved with increasing chimerism. Consequent to the normalization of RBC half-life and splenic erythropoiesis, the pathology of chimeric mice showed a significant decrease in splenomegaly and in extramedullary splenic hematopoiesis/erythropoiesis. Furthermore, the lifespan of the chimeric mice was increased to normal life expectancy even with 24% chimerism, suggesting a general improvement of the mice physiology. Hence these results determined a two-fold selective advantage of normal RBC relative to thalassemic cells. Altogether, these results established a therapeutic range of 19–24% of engrafted normal/modified bone marrow cells for a physiologic impact and for a significant long-term correction of hemi-βthal mouse condition in vivo.
New Therapy for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jan P. Neijt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Cancer of the ovarian epithelium is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in women and the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of women with the disease have involvement of one or both ovaries, with peritoneal implants outside the pelvis or positive retroperitoneal–inguinal nodes (stage III, according to the classification of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics), or they have distant metastases (stage IV).1 Surgery and chemotherapy are the cornerstones of therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Before chemotherapy is initiated, a maximal effort should be made to remove . . .
Effects of class III drugs on prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation after cardiversion in high risk patients for recurrence predicted by P wave signal-averaged ECG
Authors: Koichi Mizurnaki, Akira Fujiki, Hidehiko Nagasawa, Masao Sakabe, Kunihiro Nishida, Masataka Sugao, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Definition (s) of Anxiety
Authors: James Sagebiel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> After reading about the symposium on "Anxiety and a Decade of Tranquilizer Therapy" (Medical News,<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>, April 20, 1964, adv p 49) I am convinced that most psychiatrists are quite confused as to what anxiety is. Perhaps it is a matter of semantics, but after reviewing various definitions given for anxiety over the years, I would say little has been accomplished as regards actual definition. In my estimation Dr. Cattell's interpretation has nothing to do with anxiety, and I quote, "a lack of confidence and a sense of guilt and worthlessness; an unwillingness to venture; a dependency; a readiness to become fatigued, irritable, and discouraged; and uncertainty about oneself and a suspicion of others and a general tenseness." This precisely describes a depressed individual with perhaps a mild paranoid trend, but has nothing in common with anxiety. I would like to submit that anxiety is the
Mapping of conformational IgE epitopes on Phl p 5a by using mimotopes from a phage display library
Authors: Brigitte Hantusch, Sigurd Krieger, Eva Untersmayr, Isabella Schöll, Regina Knittelfelder, Sabine Flicker, Susanne Spitzauer, Rudolf Valenta, George Boltz-Nitulescu, Otto Scheiner, Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Ultraviolet B irradiation of human skin induces an angiogenic switch that is mediated by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and by downregulation of thrombospondin-1
Authors: K. Yano, K. Kadoya, K. Kajiya, Y-K. Hong, M. Detmar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background We have previously demonstrated that skin‐specific overexpression of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin (TSP)‐1 prevented chronic ultraviolet (UV) B‐induced angiogenesis, inflammatory cell infiltration and cutaneous photodamage in mice. Objectives To elucidate the mechanisms by which acute UVB‐induced angiogenesis induces dermal damage, and to study the molecular regulation of acute UVB‐induced angiogenesis in human skin. Methods We subjected five healthy volunteers to acute UVB irradiation (2 minimal erythema doses) and performed histological analysis at 48 h after UVB irradiation. Results Histology revealed epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of elastase‐producing neutrophils and elastin fibre damage. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 demonstrated pronounced angiogenesis with a significant increase in both vascular density and vessel size, associated with increased endothelial cell proliferation. Whereas constitutive expression of TSP‐1 but only weak expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected in normal human epidermis, pronounced downregulation of TSP‐1 and upregulation of VEGF were observed in epidermal keratinocytes after acute UVB irradiation. These findings were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis after UVB irradiation of cultured HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Conclusions Together, these data indicate that a disruption of the balance between VEGF and TSP‐1 expression leads to a UVB‐induced angiogenic switch, facilitating the infiltration of elastase‐producing leucocytes and cutaneous photodamage.
Alcoholism
Authors: Lee Spalt
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ALCOHOLISM is a major health problem, perhaps the most significant drug addiction, and runs in families. Different investigators working in Chile, Iceland, and Sweden have published findings suggesting a genetic distribution and factor for alcoholism.<sup>1-4</sup>They observed that for an X-linked recessive genetic characteristic, the percentage of affected males mathematically squared should equal the percentage of affected females. The sex distribution of alcoholism reported for their study populations fit the proposed model (Table 1). <h3>Methods</h3> Comprehensive, structured interviews covering details of the Feighner et al<sup>5</sup>diagnostic criteria for psychiatric research and family histories were administered to all patients (N=154) seen for evaluation by this investigator during six consecutive months in a public/semiprivate psychiatric outpatient clinic attached to the Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis. A diagnosis of definite alcoholism was made when symptoms were present in at least three of the four groups of symptoms outlined in Table
Assessment of absolute coronary artery flow and flow reserve in humans with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: W.Gregory Hundley, Richard A. Lange, Geoffrey D. Clarke, Benjamin Meshack, Jerri Payne, Charles Landau, Dany Sayad, DuWayne Willett, John E. Willard, L.David Hillis, Ronald M. Peshock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Additional Value of Attenuation Correction CT Acquired During 18F-FDG PET/CT in Differentiating Mature From Immature Teratomas
Authors: Arthur Cho, Se-woong Kim, Jiyoun Choi, Wonjun Kang, Jong-doo Lee, Mijin Yun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Increased F-FDG uptake is often seen in soft-tissue components or in neuronal components of teratomas, which makes differentiation of mature and immature teratoma difficult using only F-FDG uptake. The distribution pattern of fat and calcification in teratomas is characteristic on CT, which can also be well seen on attenuation correction CT (AC-CT). We hypothesize that the fat and calcification distribution patterns on AC-CT taken during PET/CT will provide additional diagnostic information in differentiating between mature and immature teratomas.This retrospective study included 34 patients (44 masses; mean age 32 ± 16.3 years, range 0.2-70 years) who underwent F-FDG PET/CT before surgical resection for teratomas. F-FDG equal to or higher than the liver was visually considered positive. AC-CT images acquired during PET/CT were reviewed for calcification and fat distribution patterns. AC-CT findings for immature teratomas were scattered fat and/or disperse coarse calcification. Pathologic results were categorized into mature and immature teratomas. SUVmax and AC-CT findings were correlated with pathologic results.Out of the 44 lesions, 11 teratomas were immature, with higher F-FDG uptake in these tumors (7.8 ± 4.10 vs. 2.1 ± 2.28, P < 0.001). SUVmax higher than 2.8 were 91% accurate, but fat and/or calcification patterns on AC-CT were extremely helpful in reducing false-positive findings based on F-FDG uptake alone.Characteristic fat and calcification patterns on AC-CT of PET/CT were extremely helpful in differentiating mature from immature teratomas, especially in mature teratomas with increased F-FDG uptake. This can potentially reduce unnecessary radiation exposure from additional contrast-enhanced CT.
Meta-Analysis in Human Neuroimaging: Computational Modeling of Large-Scale Databases
Authors: Peter T. Fox, Jack L. Lancaster, Angela R. Laird, Simon B. Eickhoff
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2014)

Spatial normalization—applying standardized coordinates as anatomical addresses within a reference space—was introduced to human neuroimaging research nearly 30 years ago. Over these three decades, an impressive series of methodological advances have adopted, extended, and popularized this standard. Collectively, this work has generated a methodologically coherent literature of unprecedented rigor, size, and scope. Large-scale online databases have compiled these observations and their associated meta-data, stimulating the development of meta-analytic methods to exploit this expanding corpus. Coordinate-based meta-analytic methods have emerged and evolved in rigor and utility. Early methods computed cross-study consensus, in a manner roughly comparable to traditional (nonimaging) meta-analysis. Recent advances now compute coactivation-based connectivity, connectivity-based functional parcellation, and complex network models powered from data sets representing tens of thousands of subjects. Meta-analyses of human neuroimaging data in large-scale databases now stand at the forefront of computational neurobiology.