tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misplaced Protein May Be Drug Target for Kidney Cancer
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Bibliography in an Age of Discontinuity
Authors: Martin M. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Scott Adams was an active participant in and keen observer of the information revolution that evolved rapidly after World War II. It is from this privileged vantage point that he presents to the biomedical community this well-written and insightful volume. Adams describes how large-scale government and private information and documentation systems developed as a direct result of greatly enhanced scientific and technological programs. He shows clearly how increased emphasis on missionoriented science (as opposed to science based on traditional academic disciplines) led to important changes in the existing bibliographic apparatus. The introduction provides a succinct description of several discontinuities that have resulted both from changes in the ecology of science and the development of new publication and communication technologies. The early chapters that follow give a highly informative historical perspective of how a changing national science policy resulted in vast federal expenditures in support of science. The main body of
Serial Images of Right Atrial Hematoma After Catheter Ablation for Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Charoen Mankongpaisarnrung, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, Buncha Sunsaneewitayakul, Monravee Tumkosit, Nilubon Methachittiphan, Seri Singhatanadgige, Smonporn Boonyaratavej, Sarinya Puwanant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Preventing Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users
Authors: David C. Perlman, Don C. Des Jarlais, Nadim Salomon, Carmen L. Masson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The newly revised guidelines issued by the US Public Health Service and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (USPHS/IDSA) provide excellent, evidence-based recommendations for strategies to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<sup>1</sup>The new guidelines now contain suggestions for behavioral interventions to reduce exposure to relevant infectious pathogens, including those acquired through sexual behaviors and through environmental, occupational, food, water, travel, and pet-related exposures.<sup>1,2</sup>However, there is no mention of behavioral interventions or strategies to reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission associated with illicit injection drug use. Injection drug use now accounts for approximately half of new HIV infections in the United States.<sup>3</sup>While the use of antiretroviral therapies and opportunistic infection prophylactic regimens has contributed to declines in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related opportunistic infection incidence and deaths, the reductions have been less marked
Involution of the lactating mammary gland is inhibited by the IGF system in a transgenic mouse model.
Authors: S Neuenschwander, A Schwartz, T L Wood, C T Roberts, L Hennighausen, D LeRoith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Development of the mammary gland during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation is controlled by steroid and peptide hormones and growth factors. To determine the role of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in this process we developed a transgenic model using the whey acidic protein (WAP) gene to direct expression of rat IGF-I and human IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) to mammary tissue during late pregnancy and throughout lactation. High levels of expression of transgenic IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were seen in lobular-alveolar cells by in situ hybridization. There was no obvious effect on mammary development during pregnancy and lactation; indeed, mothers were capable of nursing their pups normally and the only structural difference seen in the mammary glands at peak lactation was an overall smaller size of the alveoli. We also evaluated the role of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in the remodeling of mammary tissue during involution. Compared with control animals, the process of involution was modified in both transgenic lines. The degree of apoptotic cells was lower in the WAP-IGF-I and WAP-BP-3 expressing mice. In addition, there was a more quiescent pattern of involution with residual lobular secretary ability and a muted host inflammatory reaction with fewer lumenal microcalcifications. These results demonstrate that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may modulate the involutionary process of the lactating mammary gland.
CONSTIPATION AND "AUTOINTOXICATION"
Authors: Russell S. Boles
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the December issue of<i>Hygeia</i>there appears an article on constipation by Dr. Walter Alvarez. The deductions arrived at in this article are based on the results of a study made on a number of young, apparently normal persons by Dr. Alvarez and Dr. Freedlander, who published their observations inThe Journal, August 23. In a communication toThe Journal, September 20, Dr. Morris I. Bierman stated that Alvarez's work on "The Rate of Progress of Food Residues Through the Bowel" was based on an erroneous statement of fact, and attempted to prove this by citing his own roentgenologic observations. Dr. Alvarez's reply to this was published in the same issue. October 18, Dr. W. H. Hay of Buffalo, in a communication toThe Journal, objected to Alvarez's statements as being misleading, and feared that their acceptance by physicians would result in great harm being done
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States
Authors: Josef Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin, Lesley A. Stevens, Jane Manzi, John W. Kusek, Paul Eggers, Frederick Van Lente, Andrew S. Levey
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextThe prevalence and incidence of kidney failure treated by dialysis and transplantation in the United States have increased from 1988 to 2004. Whether there have been changes in the prevalence of earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) during this period is uncertain.ObjectiveTo update the estimated prevalence of CKD in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analysis of the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 1988-1994 and NHANES 1999-2004), a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults aged 20 years or older in 1988-1994 (n = 15 488) and 1999-2004 (n = 13 233).Main Outcome MeasuresChronic kidney disease prevalence was determined based on persistent albuminuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Persistence of microalbuminuria (&gt;30 mg/g) was estimated from repeat visit data in NHANES 1988-1994. The GFR was estimated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation reexpressed to standard serum creatinine.ResultsThe prevalence of both albuminuria and decreased GFR increased from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. The prevalence of CKD stages 1 to 4 increased from 10.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2%-10.9%) in 1988-1994 to 13.1% (95% CI, 12.0%-14.1%) in 1999-2004 with a prevalence ratio of 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2-1.4). The prevalence estimates of CKD stages in 1988-1994 and 1999-2004, respectively, were 1.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.2%) and 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.3%) for stage 1; 2.7% (95% CI, 2.2%-3.2%) and 3.2% (95% CI, 2.6%-3.9%) for stage 2; 5.4% (95% CI, 4.9%-6.0%) and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0%-8.4%) for stage 3; and 0.21% (95% CI, 0.15%-0.27%) and 0.35% (0.25%-0.45%) for stage 4. A higher prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and hypertension and higher body mass index explained the entire increase in prevalence of albuminuria but only part of the increase in the prevalence of decreased GFR. Estimation of GFR from serum creatinine has limited precision and a change in mean serum creatinine accounted for some of the increased prevalence of CKD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in the United States in 1999-2004 is higher than it was in 1988-1994. This increase is partly explained by the increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and raises concerns about future increased incidence of kidney failure and other complications of CKD.
CT coronary angiography clarifies diagnosis in suspected angina, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Coronary angiography by computed tomography clarifies the diagnosis in patients with suspected angina and helps identify those who will benefit from interventions that might reduce their subsequent risk of myocardial infarction, shows the first study to systematically investigate this approach.

The SCOT-HEART study, reported in the Lancet , included 4146 patients with suspected angina referred to 12 cardiology chest pain clinics across Scotland.1 All patients underwent routine diagnostic assessment and investigations at baseline and were then randomised to coronary calcium score and CT coronary angiography plus standard care or to standard care alone to reassess the diagnosis after six …
CANALIZATION OF THE SIGMOID, THE LATERAL AND A PORTION OF THE SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL SINUSES FOR MASTOIDITISOF TWENTY-ONE YEARS' STANDING, WITH SUBSEQUENT RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF A TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> The following case of long-standing middle ear disease, with mastoiditis, sinus thrombosis and metastatic infection in distant parts of the body, is presented as a horrible example. It occurs to me that poulticing a felon, starving a patient with appendicitis, and neglecting a mastoidectomy in antral disease represent the same stage of irrational, cowardly or villainous treatment. When we consider the number who lose their lives, the number who are crippled in hearing, and thus deprived of the advantages of social happiness and education, and, last of all, those who are partially invalided by the frequent exacerbations of the disease and its general toxemia, the indications for a prompt, adequate and effective mastoid operation become imperative. This patient has met with more of the mechanical and less of the intellectual and social ravages of this disease than many others in my experience. No criticism of the early treatment of
Public health in inner London.
Authors: B. Jacobson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

One of Sir Bernard Tomlinson's aims in his inquiry into London's health services was to advise the secretary of state for health on the future balance of primary and secondary health care "taking account of the health needs of Londoners." Sir Bernard, however, also made it clear that "we have not seen it as part of our remit to carry out a comprehensive needs assessment for the whole of London," but concluded that the extremes of health need found in London were "unparalleled in the rest of England." Dr Jacobson highlights some of the major determinants of health inequality in inner London and assesses the extent to which the proposed solutions are likely to meet these needs.
Oyster-Associated Hepatitis-Reply
Authors: Benjamin L. Portnoy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Ingham expresses doubt that the oysters implicated in the Houston and Calhoun, Ga, oysterassociated hepatitis epidemics actually originated from the certified shellfish growing areas and were not bootlegged from illegal, contaminated areas. Much of the evidence against bootlegging was not published in the report, for brevity. In addition to the two outbreaks reported, there was an outbreak of oyster-associated hepatitis involving a seafood restaurant chain. Five cases were traced to raw oysters purchased from a Louisiana seafood supplier different from the one implicated in the Houston and Calhoun outbreaks. This supplier had harvested oysters from the same growing area as the oysters implicated in the two previously reported outbreaks.<sup>1</sup> Furthermore, an investigation in Louisiana demonstrated a large increase in the incidence of hepatitis cases in which patients reporting having eaten raw oysters, compared to that incidence in a control period. These nonepidemic cases were traced to
The Academy Papers--New Possibilities, New Paradigms
Authors: Craig Sharp
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

This volume is another comprehensive and authoritative publication for the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine, the result of collaboration between the IOC Medical Commission and the International Federation of Sports Medicine.The editors present a well organized total of 57 contributions, grouped into seven different sections, covering many aspects of aerobic endurance and its application to sport.The first section contains semantic and physiological definitions and notes that the lengths both of competition and of training determine whether an event can be classified as 'endurance'.The second section, entitled 'General Scientific Considerations' consists of . . .
Timolol after myocardial infarction
Authors: J C Bignall
Journal: BMJ (1981)

excluded in this study.If a clinical decision is made that even this improvement, the most one could hope for with 95 ", confidence, is not important then the study has made a contri- bution to existing knowledge.If the upper limit of the confidence interval is the same as or greater than the improvement which is considered clinically important then the out- come is equivocal.Larger numbers are required to resolve this problem.This use of the upper limit of the confidence interval can be extended to other epidemiological studies.Risks greater than the upper limit can be excluded with the chosen degree of confidence.This can provide at least some valuable information from what could other- wise be a "negative" study.
Performance of a Divergence Time Estimation Method under a Probabilistic Model of Rate Evolution
Authors: Hirohisa Kishino, Jeffrey L. Thorne, William J. Bruno
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Rates of molecular evolution vary over time and, hence, among lineages. In contrast, widely used methods for estimating divergence times from molecular sequence data assume constancy of rates. Therefore, methods for estimation of divergence times that incorporate rate variation are attractive. Improvements on a previously proposed Bayesian technique for divergence time estimation are described. New parameterization more effectively captures the phylogenetic structure of rate evolution on a tree. Fossil information and other evidence can now be included in Bayesian analyses in the form of constraints on divergence times. Simulation results demonstrate that the accuracy of divergence time estimation is substantially enhanced when constraints are included.
Impact of DOTS and DOTS-plus on multidrug resistant TB: Authors' reply
Authors: T. R Sterling
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Health systems have limited budgets and capacity so resources for DOTS-plus may be unavailable for DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course), which can reduce programme effectiveness. Lack of financial and human resources are primary reasons for the current low global implementation rate of DOTS.

Mitnick et al provide encouraging results, although they reported on only 75 of 731 (10%) of the cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis referred for evaluation.1 Knowing the effectiveness …
Violence hits public health: Surgeon General
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Murder child abuse, rape, assault, even torture— violence seems to be an integral part of American society. Yet, says Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, "the values passed down to us through the years have consistently been the values of a people devoted to peace and the veneration of life." Still, Koop notes that, despite this being a nation where most citizens seem to want to live in peace, each year some 4 million Americans become the victims of violence. Thus, in the Public Health Service Surgeon General's view, violence indeed has become a public health issue, not solely the province of the police, the courts, and the penal system. This is a relatively new idea (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1985-254:721-730,881-892), and clearly Koop is not going to let it languish. Recently he held a workshop on violence and public health attended by over 150 health professionals and law enforcement experts.
The Second Report
Authors: N. Beattie
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Previously, we have shown that antibodies specific for C-reactive protein determinants, not present on the native molecule, termed neo-CRP, also react with a significant percentage of PBL. In the present study, cells were evaluated by flow cytometry using alpha-neo-CRP antisera and mAb specific for lymphocyte subsets. With use of either monocyte-depleted PBL or Percoll-enriched large granular lymphocytes, we observed an overlap between cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP and cells bearing the surface markers CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and/or Leu-19, which are expressed on NK cells. In addition, we showed co-expression of the neo-CRP antigen with CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, cell surface markers which are expressed on B lymphocytes. The major proportion of CD3+ cells failed to exhibit co-expression of neo-CRP. Single parameter flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that cells reactive with alpha-neo-CRP exhibited a bimodal staining pattern based on fluorescence intensity: high intensity neo-CRPbright and low intensity neo-CRPdim. Two-color analysis revealed that neo-CRPbright cells co-expressed CD19, CD20, and HLA-DR, whereas neo-CRPdim cells co-expressed CD16, CD11b, Leu-7, and Leu-19. Anti-neo-CRP also reacted with PBL obtained from patients with CD16+ lymphoproliferative disorders and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell origin, but not with cells from patients with T cell or myeloid leukemias. The alpha-neo-CRP cells from patients with NK cell expansions showed dim fluorescence, whereas patients with B cell expansions showed bright fluorescence, consistent with the staining patterns observed with normal PBL. In addition, cell lines of T cell, B cell, NK cell, myeloid, and erythroid origin were evaluated for reactivity with alpha-neo-CRP. The cloned NK cell line NK 3.3 reacted as neo-CRPdim, but the B cell lines BL41, BL41/95, T1, T2, and CESS all reacted as neo-CRPbright. The cell lines K562, Molt-4, Hut-78, HL-60, U-937, and THP-1-0, which lack characteristic NK and B cell markers, did not react with alpha-neo-CRP. Additional study of the two-color histograms revealed a distinct diagonal staining pattern that was observed only when cells were co-stained with alpha-neo-CRP and either alpha-CD16 (alpha-Fc gamma RIII) or antibody IV3 (alpha-CDw32; alpha-Fc gamma RII). This finding suggests a 1:1 relationship between Fc gamma R on both NK and B cells and determinants recognized by alpha-neo-CRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Chronic Bronchitis, Tetracycline, and Type II Error
Authors: ROBERT J. PANZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1982Chronic Bronchitis, Tetracycline, and Type II ErrorROBERT J. PANZER, M.D.ROBERT J. PANZER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-4-617_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of tetracycline in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis reported by Nicotra and associates(l) failed to show tetracycline superior to placebo. However, the small number of patients in the study (20 patients per group) makes the authors' conclusion that there is no difference between the two treatments unwarranted. This conclusion involves a substantial risk of a "type II" or "beta" error: concluding that there is no statistical difference when an important difference exists.Sample size calculations based on data provided in the article show that with 20 patients...References1. NICOTRARIVERAAWE MMR. Antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a controlled study using tetracycline. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:18-21. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SCHLESSELMAN J. Planning a longitudinal study: I. Sample size determination. J Chronic Dis. 1973;26:553-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FREIMANCHALMERSSMITHKUEBLER JTHR. The importance of beta, the type II error and sample size in design and interpretation of the randomized control trial: survey of 71 "negative" trials. N Engl J Med. 1978;299:690-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SACKETT D. Bias in analytic research. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32:51-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChronic cor pulmonale 1 October 1982Volume 97, Issue 4Page: 617-617KeywordsChronic bronchitisTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 October 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Infection acquired from transplant donor.
Authors: I. W. Colquhoun, A. D. Gascoigne, P. A. Corris, J. H. Dark, K. Gould, R. Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Dangers of ozone depletion SIR,-The dangers of ozone depletion in the United Kingdom, particularly with regard to non- melanoma skin cancer, are probably much greater than estimated in the recent article on this topic by Fiona Godlee.'The figures given in the article suggest that non-melanoma skin cancer may rise by 8000 cases a year in Britain if there is a 10% reduction in total column ozone.This figure is based on current incidence figures from cancer registries,-which are widely accepted as being gross underestimates.2I recently suggested that the true incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in England and Wales may be close to 100 000 cases a year.3If this is true then, using a formula devised at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland,4 we might expect something like 35 000 extra non-melanoma skin cancers each year in England and Wales.Furthermore, there would probably be a relative increase in the potentially more dangerous squamous cell carcinoma compared with basal cell carcinoma.'Of course, these figures should not be taken at their face value as it is difficult to give an exact percentage rise in skin cancers because predicting what changes may occur in holiday and clothing habits is impossible.6The article therefore highlights the inadequacy of registration of skin cancer in the United Kingdom.Few attempts have been made to define the extent of the problem, and thus monitoring adequately any changes that may occur in the incidence of skin cancer is going to be impossible.As I have pointed out previously, there is an urgent need to review and improve registration of skin cancer throughout the United Kingdom.