tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Jimson-Weed High
Authors: Donald A. Mahler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Published cases of stramonium intoxication date back to 1676.<sup>1</sup>Dean<sup>2</sup>reported in 1963 the first cases of deliberate ingestion of stramonium in the recent American literature. These three cases involved the consumption of Asthmador, a stramonium-belladonna mixture prepared from the leaves of the Jimson weed. Since then, there have been numerous reports of ingestion of Asthmador for hallucinogenic effects. However, there are no reports of intentional self-ingestion of seeds from the Jimson weed for mind-altering or psychedelic purposes. Five such cases are described here. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Five adolescents between 14 and 16 years old were seen in the emergency department of Kent General Hospital after ingesting seeds from the Jimson weed. Three patients were in an acute psychotic state; each was confused, agitated, disoriented, and hallucinating. Abnormalities included tachycardia, dry oral mucosa, widely dilated pupils unresponsive to light, and flushed skin. These three male
Biomechanical and histomorphometric investigations on two morphologically differing titanium surfaces with and without fluorohydroxyapatite coating: an experimental study in sheep tibiae
Authors: M. Fini, L. Savarino, N. Nicoli Aldini, L. Martini, G. Giavaresi, G. Rizzi, D. Martini, A. Ruggeri, A. Giunti, R. Giardino
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Alcohol consumption limits set in 1995 should not be raised, MPs hear
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ministers would be wrong to relax “sensible drinking” levels set out in guidance to the public, health experts have told a parliamentary inquiry.

Specialist doctors and academics urged MPs to make it clear to the government that upper limits for regular alcohol consumption should not be raised under any circumstances.

The Commons Science and Technology Committee, which is inquiring into the evidence base for alcohol guidelines, questioned health professionals and drinks industry representatives on 12 October.

The chief medical officer recommends that men should not regularly drink more than three to four units of alcohol a day and women should not regularly drink more than two to three units a day.

Sir Ian Gilmore, a liver specialist at the …
Effective Treatment for Early-Stage Prostate Cancer — Possible, Necessary, or Both?
Authors: Matthew R. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In 2010, prostate cancer was diagnosed in approximately 217,000 men in the United States. More than 90% of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer have localized (clinical stage T1 or T2) disease.1 Men with early-stage prostate cancer face the treatment dilemma posed by the urologist Dr. Willet Whitmore: "If treatment for cure is necessary, is it possible? If possible, is it necessary?"The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study 4 (SPCG-4) has provided important evidence that effective treatment is both necessary and possible for many men with early-stage prostate cancer. In a 2008 report of SPCG-4, radical prostatectomy, as compared with . . .
BMA joins health unions in bid to change Labour policy
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

All of the British healthcare trade unions and many representative bodies in the NHS have united in a new organisation aimed at forcing the government to change direction on its health reforms.

NHS Together—which brings together unions affiliated to the Trades Union Congress (TUC) such as Unison and the GMB with organisations such as the BMA, the Royal College of Nursing, and the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association—was officially launched last week. …
Abstract 4063: Image-guided fluorescent endomicroscopy of glioblastoma with SVV-GFP viral labeling
Authors: Kelvin Wong, Miguel Valdivia y Alvarado, Yulun Huang, Xiumei Zhao, Stephen Wong, Xiao-nan Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We propose a novel method to improve detection of infiltrative microscopic GBM tumors during surgery, by labeling the infiltrative tumor cells in vivo by a single intravenous injection of a highly specific tumor seeking fluorescence virus, Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-GFP). The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated in a permissive pediatric GBM (IC-2305GBM) and an adult GBM (IC-A46GBM) orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Both models were derived from primary tissue of GBM from patients to preservethe histopathological and immunophenotypical characteristics of the original tumors. After establishing the xenograft tumors, SVV-GFP was injected intravenously at a dose of 5x1014 viral particles/kg. The animals were imaged at day 3 after SVV-GFP virus injection. During the imaging procedure, the animals were euthanized through anesthesia overdose and a small window was immediately drilled in the skull to introduce a 1mm outer diameter fiberoptic fluorescence probe through the tumor. Fluorescent labeled cells were recorded as a real-time video sequence along the track of the probe. Image quantification starts with low frequency temporal drift correction using Fast Fourier Transform based lowpass filtering. Air image frames (before probe insertion) were used as a zero reference and the intensity range of the video is shifted accordingly. A normal tissue fluorescence image was then estimated using a median statistics of all image frames acquired in normal brain tissue. This image was used to correct for lower detection sensitivity near the probe edge or any field inhomogeneity. The video sequence was then normalized to the normal tissue image to create a TBR map. By definition, air is used as reference with TBR=0 and normal tissue is at TBR=1. A cutoff of TBR&amp;gt;1.1 is used and tumor cells exceeding that threshold were classified as GFP-positive tumor cells. Fractional area occupied by the virus-labeled microscopic tumors were computed with the TBR exceeding 1.1 within the field of view. A low fractional area (&amp;lt;0.01%) was found in normal brain tissue using this method, demonstrating that our method is robust. To summarize, we demonstrated an innovative approach for microscopic tumor detection in glioblastoma that is two to three orders of magnitude smaller than those currently detected with in vivo imaging modalities.This method can potentially be applied to detect microscopic tumors in metastatic retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, endocrine tumors and small cell lung cancer which are shown to be permissive to infection of this virus. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4063. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4063
Carbon dioxide insufflation for more comfortable endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: M. Bretthauer, B. Seip, S. Aasen, M. Kordal, G. Hoff, L. Aabakken
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. Bretthauer et al., pp. 58Endoscopy 2007; 39(01): 191-192DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306911
Foundation trusts deliver net savings of 339m in 2010
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Japan is considered to be an archetype of social equality, but social and income inequalities expanded recently. Adverse social and economic changes and liberalisation of labour market regulations took place in the 1990s which disturbed the delicate balance between formal and informal policies and resources. Some ecological studies reported the change of health inequality trend around the late 1990s - from narrowing to expanding the gap, but there is no study using data after 2001. <h3>Objective</h3> To present the first evidence of health inequality time trends in Japan in individual level data including after 2001; to evaluate the influence of social changes in the 1990s on health inequalities. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Health inequalities have increased since around 2000 as a result of increased income and social inequalities in the 1990s. <h3>Design</h3> Pooled data of eight independent national representative surveys (1986–2007) <h3>Setting</h3> Japan Participants: Men and women aged 20–59, n=416,115 <h3>Outcome</h3> Dichotomised self-rated health (SRH) (0=excellent, very good or good, 1=fair or poor) <h3>Methods</h3> Age-standardised prevalence of poorer SRH was calculated by direct method; Slope and Relative Index of Inequality ((SII) (RII), respectively) in association with income hierarchy were obtained by generalised linear and logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> Age-standardised prevalence of poorer SRH increased from approximately 8% in the early 1990s to around 12% in 2007 in men and women. SII was 3.5 to 5.2% in the early 1990s in men and women. SII was the smallest in 2001, around 2.5% in both sexes. SII reached 5.8% (CI 3.9 to 7.6) in men and 5.1% (CI 3.3 to 7.0) in women in 2007. There was an evidence of non-linear trend in SII: SII declined from 1986 to 2001, and increased since then (p&lt;0.05). These SII trends remained significant in older working age men and women after adjusting for age and marital status. RII was the smallest in 2001: 1.36 (CI 1.15 to 1.61) in men and 1.32 (CI 1.14 to 1.53), in women. RII trends declined from 1986 to 2001 in both sexes (p&lt;0.05) and increased 33% by 2007 in men (p&lt;0.05). The RII trends attenuated by adjustment for age and marital status, but remained significant in women (p&lt;0.05) and marginally significant in men (p&lt;0.1) in older working age. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The changes in prevalence of poorer SRH could correspond with short-term economic cycle. V-shaped trends of SII and RII confirmed the hypothesis. The changes in social arrangements in addition to expanded income inequalities may be responsible in increased health inequalities.
The Evaluation of Two Measures of Quality of Life in Patients With Type I and Type II Diabetes
Authors: Alan M Jacobson, Mary De Groot, Jacqueline A Samson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To examine the effects of type I and type II diabetes on patient perceptions of their quality of life and compare the psychometric properties of a generic versus a diabetes-specific quality of life measure.Consecutive outpatients (n = 240) from a large multispecialty diabetes clinic were studied on a single occasion using two measures of quality of life--Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL) and the Medical Outcome Study Health Survey 36-Item Short Form (SF-36). No interventions were performed. This study examines three issues: 1) the reliability (internal consistency) of the two measures; 2) the relationship between the DQOL and SF-36 scales; and 3) the influence of clinical patient characteristics, such as number and severity of diabetes complications, on quality of life. Examination of this issue provides information about the construct validity of the two quality of life measures.The estimates of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the DQOL and SF-36 subscales ranged from 0.47 to 0.97. These values were very similar to the published findings from previous studies. The subscales of the two measures were variably correlated with one another (range of correlations: -0.003 to 0.60), indicating that the areas of functioning addressed by the DQOL and SF-36 overlapped only to a modest degree. Examination of the relationship of demographic factors to the DQOL measures suggests that they are not generally confounded by factors such as education, sex, or duration of diabetes. Health-related quality of life is affected by the marital status of both type I and type II diabetic patients, with separated and divorced individuals generally experiencing lower levels of quality of life. The quality of life measures were sensitive to clinical characteristics, such as frequency and severity of complications. Even after factors such as marital status and, among type II diabetic patients, type of treatment, patients' severity of diabetes complications was a significant predictor of both the diabetes-related and the more broad-based measure of quality of life. For type II diabetic patients, insulin treatment was associated with lower levels of satisfaction with diabetes and greater impact of diabetes on quality of life.This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of two measures of quality of life. The two measures examine quality of life from different but complimentary perspectives. The DQOL seems more sensitive to lifestyle issues and contains special questions and worry scales oriented toward younger patients, whereas the SF-36 provides more information about functional health status. Thus, the measures may be used usefully in combination in studies of both type I and type II diabetic patients.
In Situ or Localized Breast Cancer -- How Much Treatment Is Needed?
Authors: Sandra M. Swain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The two articles in this issue of the Journal1,2 about the treatment of women with ductal carcinoma in situ or small invasive breast cancers (<2.5 cm) contain valuable information for all clinicians. The reported incidence of these two tumors has increased rapidly in recent years, at least in part because of the more widespread use of screening mammography. Therefore, women with these lesions and their clinicians are more often faced with the need to decide how much treatment is necessary.The article by Fisher et al., from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project,1 provides evidence that lumpectomy . . .
DISTRIBUTION OF ASCORBIC ACID BETWEEN CELLS AND SERUM OF HUMAN BLOOD 1
Authors: Martin Heinemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1941)

In a previous report ( 1 ) the transfer of ascorbic acid from serum to blood cells in vitro was studied with concentrations of ascorbic acid in serum significantly higher than those observed in tivo.This communication deals with the distribution of ascorbic acid between the two phases of human blood when the vitamin is added in amounts above and within physiological limits.The distribution of ascorbic acid under conditions in which the con- centrations in cells far exceed those in serum, and the partition of ascorbic acid added to blood under these conditions also are presented. METHODSAscorbic acid in serum was determined according to the recently described modification (1) of Mindlin and Butler's method (2).Whole blood was analyzed as be- fore, according to the method of Emmerie and van Eekelen (3).Recently, Butler and Cushman described a new method
A NEW CONTACT TEST FOR ALBUMIN IN URINE
Authors: Ulmont P. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Certain observations, made over a period of years, convinced me that a rapid and reliable contact method for the detection of albumin in urine was desirable. The method described is the outcome of nearly three years' work with various reagents. Because of its general use and reliability, the heat test has been taken as a standard. A number of reagents, such as Tanret's solution, were tried out and found to be entirely too sensitive. Positive reactions were obtained with mucin and proteose in urines which were otherwise normal. Still other reagents, such as concentrated nitric acid, were found to be less sensitive than the heat test, negative reactions being frequently obtained with pathologic specimens. The heat test, although very reliable, is too time consuming when a large number of specimens are to be examined. The use of acid in dissolving phosphate precipitates may also carry the albumin into solution, if
Open letter to Annette King, Minister of Health, New Zealand
Authors: Andrew Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We learn with great concern that Medsafe [the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority], a part of your ministry, intends to stop funding the intensive medicines monitoring programme (IMMP) next year.

In its 27 years' work the IMMP has contributed very valuably to the safety of medicines in New Zealand and worldwide. Drug regulatory agencies in other countries and professionals working on the safety of medicines have admired and envied it because it has so successfully identified previously unrecognised adverse reactions, measured risks, and identified risk factors. For example, it enabled New Zealand to lead the world in taking regulatory action over agranulocytosis due to mianserin and liver toxicity due to nefazodone.1 2

Many drug disasters have shown that it is unsafe …
Vascular perfusion of the isolated rat stomach with a fluorocarbon emulsion.
Authors: G A Van Huis, M F Kramer
Journal: Gut (1981)

A constant-pressure system using a fluorocarbon (FC-75) containing artificial medium was used for vascular perfusion of the isolated rat stomach. A 10% emulsion of FC-75 in a modified Tyrode solution, containing 3.5% bovine serum albumin, amino acids, nucleosides, and beta-hydroxybutyrate appeared to allow an adequate perfusion for at least seven hours. The following criteria were used to estimate for functional state of the perfused stomach: (1) venous flow, (2) oxygen consumption, (3) leakage from the blood vessels to the gastric lumen, (4) ultrastructure, (5) secretion of H+ and pepsinogen after stimulation, and (6) transport of labelled macromolecules. During perfusion oxygen consumption and venous flow remained, after an initial high value, constant for at least seven hours. Leakage from the vascular bed was absent. Ultrastructure was preserved for at least seven hours. Administration of pilocarpine led to secretion of HCl ad pepsinogen. Pentagastrin and histamine stimulated HCl secretion in only some of the preparations. [3H]-galactose was incorporated into macromolecules and transported from the Golgi-region towards the apex of the cell. These observations led to the conclusion that the described vascular perfusion system in at least an appropriate model for studying glycoprotein synthesis.
Oximeter Studies on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Emphysema, Awake and during Sleep
Authors: Charles H. Trask, Edna M. Cree
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

PATIENTS hospitalized with advanced obstructive emphysema are often nervous, anxious and tense, perhaps to a greater degree than the average hospital patient. Because of dyspnea and cough they tend to sleep poorly and often request sedatives for use at night. Sedatives should not be administered, for respiratory-center depression will reduce ventilatory effort and further decrease gas exchange.Alterations in ventilation occur during sleep in normal persons. If patients with advanced obstructive emphysema associated with hypoxia have a further fall in arterial oxygen saturation during sleep, sedatives are contraindicated, and oxygen therapy at night might become an important adjunct to treatment. . . .
Randomized, Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed and Carboplatin with or without Enzastaurin versus Docetaxel and Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment of Patients with Stage IIIB/IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mark A. Socinski, Robert N. Raju, Thomas Stinchcombe, Darren M. Kocs, Linda S. Couch, David Barrera, Steven R. Rousey, Janak K. Choksi, Robert Jotte, Debra A. Patt, Phillip O. Periman, Howard R. Schlossberg, Charles H. Weissman, Yunfei Wang, Lina Asmar, Sharon Pritchard, Jane Bromund, Guangbin Peng, Joseph Treat, Coleman K. Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Ultrasonic scanning in pancreatic disease.
Authors: J G Russell, A G Vallon, J M Braganza, H T Howat
Journal: Gut (1978)

We have analysed retrospectively the pancreatic ultrasound scans (using a bistable machine) in 138 consecutive patients, and have related the results to the clinical status and the final diagnosis in each case. The scans were read without knowledge of the patient9s clinical state. When technically unsatisfactory scans were excluded from consideration, the overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography proved to be 82%, with a false positive rate of 8%. The scan was abnormal in all 10 patients with cancer of the pancreas: a positive diagnosis of cancer was made in six. All patients with chronic pancreatitis in relapse had abnormal scans, but in 53% the scans were normal in patients in whom the disease was in clinical remission. In seven patients with chronic pancreatitis who suffered relentless pain, the head of the pancreas was swollen and contained cystic areas or emitted abnormal echoes. In acute pancreatitis ultrasonic scanning proved useful in following the progression of the disease to final resolution, or to development of complicating pseudocyst, abscess, or ascites. Random echoes in the early stages of acute pancreatitis are features of haemorrhagic necrosis. In alcoholic relapsing pancreatitis the persistence of abnormal echoes, disposed linearly along the axis of major ducts, suggests the presence of chronic pancreatitis.
Retirement and socioeconomic inequalities
Authors: K. V. Bever, T. Engelbeen, E. V. Reusel, D. V. Duppen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Burdorf’s editorial is highly relevant because many governments in Europe are raising the retirement age to balance the ratio of employed people to dependent ones as life expectancy increases steadily.1 2

In Belgium, the official retirement age is 65, but some people retire earlier. Politicians who want to …
Myelodysplastic features in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Neşe Yaralı, Tunç Fışgın, Feride Duru, Abdurrahman Kara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We have detected trilineage myelodysplasia in two children recently diagnosed to have visceral leishmaniasis (V.L.), which led us to investigate retrospectively available peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears of 5 children previously diagnosed as V.L. We saw that they also had trilineage myelodysplasia. We postulate that elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) may cause trilineage myelodysplasia in the patients with V.L. This nonclonal myelodysplasia may be responsible for pancytopenia along with hypersplenism, hemolysis and reticuloendothelial hyperplasia causing abnormal retention of iron in V.L. Am. J. Hematol. 71:191–195, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
You can't give permission to be a bastard: Empathy and self-signaling as uncontrollable independent variables in bargaining games
Authors: George Ainslie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Canonical utility theory may have adopted its selfishness postulate because it lacked theoretical rationales for two major kinds of incentive: empathic utility and self-signaling. Empathy – using vicarious experiences to occasion your emotions – gives these experiences market value as a means of avoiding the staleness of self-generated emotion. Self-signaling is inevitable in anyone trying to overcome a perceived character flaw. Hyperbolic discounting of future reward supplies incentive mechanisms for both empathic utility and self-signaling. Neither can be effectively suppressed for an experimental game.
Diurnal changes in coronary blood flow in conscious dogs.
Authors: M Fujita, D Franklin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate potential diurnal changes in resting coronary blood flow under conditions of comparable myocardial oxygen requirements. We studied 21 conscious, resting dogs instrumented for the measurement of coronary flow, left ventricular pressure, and regional myocardial segment length. Recordings were taken in the early morning and late afternoon. In the afternoon, left circumflex coronary blood flow was 12.8% higher than in the morning, without detectable changes in the major hemodynamic determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption, i.e., heart rate, left ventricular pressure, peak positive dP/dt, end-diastolic regional myocardial dimension, and regional myocardial stroke work. These results are consistent with a circadian variation of coronary vascular tone accompanied by compensatory alteration in myocardial oxygen extraction and may have clinical relevance, since the coronary vascular tone may change dynamically in patients with critical coronary stenosis.