tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
5-Fluorouracil Dermatitis Prophylaxis with a Nicotine Patch
Authors: Edwin C. Kingsley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 May 19945-Fluorouracil Dermatitis Prophylaxis with a Nicotine PatchEdwin C. Kingsley, MDEdwin C. Kingsley, MDSouthwest Cancer Clinic; Las Vegas, NV 89119Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dermatologic toxicity (manifested by erythema, photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, desquamation, xerosis or the "hand and foot syndrome") occurs in up to 20% of patients with cancer who receive 5-fluorouracil. Rarely, alopecia occurs as well.A 65-year-old woman with metastatic colorectal carcinoma started receiving chemotherapy consisting of leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil, given simultaneously as a continuous infusion over 24 hours once a week. Within a few months, the patient noticed hyperpigmentation of the hands, excluding the palms. A few months later, she developed desquamating erythema of the palms and hyperpigmentation of the rest of the hands and feet. No noticeable skin ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Edwin C. Kingsley, MDAffiliations: Southwest Cancer Clinic; Las Vegas, NV 89119 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDermatologic conditions in women receiving systemic cancer therapyDoes nicotine effectively protect against hand‐foot syndrome?Hemoglobin Value Is the Most Important Factor in the Development of Hand-Foot Syndrome under the Capecitabine RegimenIncidence and implications of chemotherapy related hand-foot syndromeDocetaxel-associated palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia: A case report and review of the literatureHand-Fuß-Syndrom bei TyrosinkinaseinhibitortherapieMucocutaneous complications of smoking cessation therapiesTobacco smoking cessation for treating acneCapecitabine and hand–foot syndromeSyndrome mains-pieds : nouvel effet secondaire de l'erlotinibRisk of hand-foot skin reaction with sorafenib: A systematic review and meta-analysisManagement of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabineHand-Foot Syndrome Variant in a Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase–Deficient Patient Treated with CapecitabineVascular Toxicity of Antineoplastic AgentsTobacco smoking cessation for treating acnePalmar-Plantar ErythrodysesthesiaChemotherapy-Induced Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome: Etiology and Emerging TherapiesSuccessful treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum with topical 0.5% nicotine cream 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 813KeywordsChemotherapyDesquamationDrug deliveryErythemaHyperpigmentationMucous membranesNicotineProphylaxisToxicityVasoconstriction ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A longitudinal, cross-sectional study to assess the impact of media campaigns on maternal and newborn health behaviours and their drivers
Authors: Laura Smethurst, Zoe Fortune, Natalie Maplethorpe, Sophia Wilkinson, Anna Godfrey, Kavita Abraham-Dowsing
Journal: The Lancet (2013)

BackgroundBBC Media Action is developing TV and radio programming to help address high levels of newborn and maternal mortality in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, and South Sudan. Standard measures are being used across the four countries to measure programming impact upon health-seeking behaviours and upon the following outcomes, which are potential drivers of health behaviour change: knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, social norms, and interpersonal discussion.MethodsProgramming impact will be assessed using a longitudinal study design. Cross-sectional surveys will be conducted at baseline, midline, and endline in each country over a 2–3-year period. Approximately 8000 women with an infant aged 0–9 months will be surveyed at each timepoint. Shifts in outcomes (such as knowledge of healthy behaviours) over time will be analysed and differences in outcomes between women exposed to the programming and those not exposed will be examined. Furthermore, dose–response analysis will be conducted to explore the effects of different levels of exposure to programming. The relation between behavioural outcomes and the potential drivers will be analysed to help better understand the drivers of maternal and newborn health behaviours. Measures have been piloted and survey instruments will be subject to retrospective testing and refinement. Additional qualitative research will also be conducted with the target population to help understand impact and provide contextual information at the country level on how these drivers might impact behaviours.FindingsPreliminary findings on the relations between health behaviours and potential drivers for Ethiopia, India, and South Sudan will be available in summer 2013. Research continues into 2014/15/16, when midline and endline surveys will be conducted across the four countries. Full findings on associations between exposure and outcomes, and on the relations between behaviours and potential drivers, will be available in 2016/17.InterpretationThis is an innovative, standardised design across multiple countries that aims to examine under-researched drivers of selected maternal and newborn health behaviours. The implications for evaluative research and measurement development will be discussed alongside issues of comparability.FundingThe research was carried out thanks to funding from the UK Department of International Development/UKaid, which supports the research and policy work of BBC Media Action.
UK doctors' attitude to assisted dying differs strongly from the public's
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most doctors in the United Kingdom are opposed to the legalisation of euthanasia or physician assisted suicide, a new survey shows, while half the general population favours it.

The survey found that only 9% of medical practitioners were certain that doctors should be allowed to end the life of someone with an incurable and a painful illness, whereas half of the general public was in favour ( Palliative Medicine 2009;23:205-12, doi:10.1177/0269216308102041).

It also found that specialists in palliative medicine were the group of doctors most opposed to the idea, followed by those working in care of the elderly.

“This study shows that …
Intraperitoneal Spilled Gallstones Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Luis Gorospe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

An otherwise healthy 63-year-old man who had undergone emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis 6 weeks earlier developed daily fever for more than 3 weeks, malaise, weight loss, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Initial imaging procedures (abdominal ultrasound and chest radiograph) were normal. The diagnosis of fever of unknown origin was established, and a whole-body FDG PET/CT scan was performed. PET/CT showed inflammatory changes corresponding to spilled intraperitoneal gallstones. We have described the PET/CT findings of spilled intraperitoneal gallstones, a relatively common complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
New confidential inquiry established into homicides and suicides by mentally ill people
Authors: L. Appleby
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The confidential inquiry into homicides and suicides by mentally ill people has been re-established at the University of Manchester, and changes to its methods are being introduced. One of the most important changes concerns the way that suicides by people with mental illness are identified by the inquiry. The new system of notification of suicides and the subsequent collection of data will rely on the cooperation of directors of public health and mental health services throughout England (equivalent plans exist for Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland).

The change is …
COMT genotype predicts longitudinal cognitive decline and psychosis in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Doron Gothelf, Stephan Eliez, Tracy Thompson, Christine Hinard, Lauren Penniman, Carl Feinstein, Hower Kwon, Shuting Jin, Booil Jo, Stylianos E Antonarakis, Michael A Morris, Allan L Reiss
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2005)
Urea-Nitrogen Test
Authors: I. M. Rabinowitch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This letter is with reference to the question in "Questions and Answers" inThe Journal(<b>175</b>:341 [Jan. 28] 1961) about urea-nitrogen level. Doctor Horwitt, in comparing the NPN with the urea-nitrogen test, approved more of the latter because: (1) unlike the NPN, the urea-nitrogen is a single chemical component; (2) it covers a relatively wider range of variation in disease; and (3) it is simple to determine. To these could have been added a fourth advantage, transcending all in importance, namely, that it is a<i>more sensitive test of</i>renal function, as far as excretion of waste-nitrogen is concerned, than is the NPN. As is well known, at the normal or nearly normal levels, the ureanitrogen content of the blood accounts for, approximately, one-half of the total NPN; but what does not seem to be well-known is that, as the total NPN content of the blood
Oral and Intravenous Iron Therapy in the Anaemia of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: D.N. Ross
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

For many years it has been realized that anaemia is a frequent feature of the rheumatoid syndrome, and the recent Empire Rheumatism Council Survey (Davidson and others, 1950) gives statistical support to this.Previous work of our own has shown that, although the haemoglobin is low, the red-cell count is but little reduced, so that the anaemia is of the normocytic, hypochromic type and does not take the usual microcytic form of iron-deficiency anaemia.In spite of textbook assurances that the " simple " anaemia found in rheumatoid arthritis will respond satisfactorily to ordinary iron therapy, in the course of our duties at various rheumatic clinics during the past 9 years, we have found that this anaemia is stubbornly resistant to iron therapy by mouth in doses which are effective in idiopathic hypochromic anaemia.A report from the U.S.A. of the apparently successful use of folic acid in the treatment of this refractory anaemia (Stephens and others, 1947), and the recent introduction of an iron preparation suitable for intravenous injection (Nissim, 1947), provided us with new agents in our efforts to find an effective haematinic, and we used them in the following preliminary investigation.
A chlorpromazine‐induced inhibitor of blood coagulation
Authors: Rosa T. Canoso, Ronald A. Hutton, Daniel Deykin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract An inhibitor of blood coagulation was detected in the plasma of four schizophrenic patients receiving long‐term chlorpromazine therapy. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was prolonged in all four patients and the prothrombin time (PT) was prolonged in one. The inhibitor which resembled in many respects that seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was shown to be associated with the IgM‐rich fractions of the serum. None of the patients manifested a clinical bleeding tendency and in two, discontinuation of the chlorpromazine was followed by a decrease in the activity of the anticoagulant. While three of the patients had a positive antinuclear antibody test (ANA) and the fourth a false positive serology for syphilis, no further evidence for SLE was found.
Serum Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Concentrations and Liver Function Biomarkers in a Population with Elevated PFOA Exposure
Authors: Valentina Gallo, Giovanni Leonardi, Bernd Genser, Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Stephanie J. Frisbee, Lee Karlsson, Alan M. Ducatman, Tony Fletcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) persist in the environment and are found in relatively high concentrations in animal livers. Studies in humans have reported inconsistent associations between PFOA and liver enzymes.We examined the cross-sectional association between serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations with markers of liver function in adults.The C8 Health Project collected data on 69,030 persons; of these, a total of 47,092 adults were included in the present analysis. Linear regression models were fitted for natural log (ln)-transformed values of alanine transaminase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and direct bilirubin on PFOA, PFOS, and potential confounders. Logistic regression models were fitted comparing deciles of PFOA or PFOS in relation to high biomarker levels. A multilevel analysis comparing the evidence for association of PFOA with liver function at the individual level within water districts to that at the population level between water districts was also performed.ln-PFOA and ln-PFOS were associated with ln-ALT in linear regression models [PFOA: coefficient, 0.022; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.018, 0.025; PFOS: coefficient, 0.020; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.026] and with raised ALT in logistic regression models [with a steady increase in the odds ratio (OR) estimates across deciles of PFOA and PFOS; PFOA: OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.13; PFOS: OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.18]. There was less consistent evidence of an association of PFOA and GGT or bilirubin. The relationship with bilirubin appears to rise at low levels of PFOA and to fall again at higher levels.These results show a positive association between PFOA and PFOS concentrations and serum ALT level, a marker of hepatocellular damage.
Impaired activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by insulin in fibroblasts from patients with severe insulin resistance and pseudoacromegaly. A disorder characterized by selective postreceptor insulin resistance.
Authors: K Dib, J P Whitehead, P J Humphreys, M A Soos, K C Baynes, S Kumar, T Harvey, S O'Rahilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Some patients with severe insulin resistance develop pathological tissue growth reminiscent of acromegaly. Previous studies of such patients have suggested the presence of a selective postreceptor defect of insulin signaling, resulting in the impairment of metabolic but preservation of mitogenic signaling. As the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is considered essential for insulin's metabolic signaling, we have examined insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity in anti-insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 immunoprecipitates from cultured dermal fibroblasts obtained from pseudoacromegalic (PA) patients and controls. At a concentration of insulin (1 nM) similar to that seen in vivo in PA patients, the activation of IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase was reduced markedly in fibroblasts from the PA patients (32+/-7% of the activity of normal controls, P < 0.01). Genetic and biochemical studies indicated that this impairment was not secondary to a defect in the structure, expression, or activation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1, or p85alpha. Insulin stimulation of mitogenesis in PA fibroblasts, as determined by thymidine incorporation, was indistinguishable from controls, as was mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, confirming the integrity of insulin's mitogenic signaling pathways in this condition. These findings support the existence of an intrinsic defect of postreceptor insulin signaling in the PA subtype of insulin resistance, which involves impairment of the activation of PI 3-kinase. The PA tissue growth seen in such patients is likely to result from severe in vivo hyperinsulinemia activating intact mitogenic signaling pathways emanating from the insulin receptor.
Heart Rate Response to the Valsalva Maneuver as a Test of Circulatory Integrity
Authors: Edward I. Elisberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The blood pressure and heart rate responses to the Valsalva maneuver as measured during cardiac catheterization are a reliable index of cardiovascular integrity. The present study indicates that heart rate itself, as monitored by the electrocardiograph, is an equally reliable index of the dynamic changes occurring during and after straining. In a normal group of subjects the heart rate slowed with the onset of straining (phase 1), increased during (phase 2) and after straining (phase 3), and was followed by a marked bradycardia (phase 4). These responses occurred to a significantly lesser degree in subjects with advanced cardiac disease, the absense of the bradycardia in phase 4 being of the greatest statistical importance. Using these criteria, subjects with cardiovascular abnormalities of uncertain dynamic significance were separated into clinically valid groups of reactors and nonreactors.
Exacerbation of inflammation-associated colonic injury in rat through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
Authors: B K Reuter, S Asfaha, A Buret, K A Sharkey, J L Wallace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Cyclooxygenase type 1 is constitutively expressed and accounts for synthesis of prostaglandins in the normal gastrointestinal tract. Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed at sites of inflammation. Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 have been suggested to spare gastrointestinal prostaglandin synthesis, and therefore lack the ulcerogenic effects associated with standard nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. However, the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa have not been examined. We examined cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression before and after induction of colitis in the rat, the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 to colonic prostaglandin synthesis during colitis and the effects of selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 on colonic injury in this model. Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression increased three to sixfold during the period 24 h to 1 wk after induction of colitis, with marked increases in cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in the lamina propria and muscularis of the colon during colitis. Cyclooxygenase-1 expression (mRNA and protein) was not affected by the induction of colitis. The prostaglandins produced during colitis were largely derived from cyclooxygenase-2. Treatment with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors resulted in exacerbation of colitis, with perforation occurring when the compounds were administered for a week. These studies demonstrate that suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 can result in exacerbation of inflammation-associated colonic injury.
Guide to ethics of treating children published
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A guide to help doctors treating children to avoid pitfalls such as those highlighted by inquiries into children's heart surgery at Bristol, organ retention at Alder Hey hospital in Liverpool, and research on babies at North Staffordshire hospital was published by the BMA's ethics committee this week.

The 267-page guide comes from a steering group chaired by the child law expert Allan Levy, QC. Other members included child psychiatrist Sir Michael Rutter; Michael Wilks, chairman of the BMA's medical ethics committee; and Dr Vivienne Nathanson, BMA's head of health policy research. …
966-39 Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Further Impair Utilization of the Reduced Coronary Reserve in Patients with Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Michaela Kozàkovà, Carlo Palombo, Lorenza Pratali, Giuseppe Pittella, Alessandro Distante, Antonio L’Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Squalene Feeding in Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, ARDEN W. MOYER, WALTER C. TESAR, JOHN B. LOGAN, RAYMOND A. BROWN, GILBERT RICHMOND
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

The hydrocarbon squalene, which has been suggested as a precursor in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, was fed to rabbits to see whether cholesterol thus synthesized would be efficacious in producing atheromatous lesions. Rabbits on a 3 per cent squalene diet for seven weeks showed an increase in liver weight and liver nonsaponifiable material but no more atheroma than did controls. Animals on the same diet for 14 weeks showed an increase in the cholesterol-rich lipoproteins as determined in the ultracentrifuge. Addition of squalene in no way altered the atherogenic propensities of the cholesterol diet.
Soluble ST2, high-sensitivity troponin T- and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: complementary role for risk stratification in acutely decompensated heart failure
Authors: Domingo A. Pascual-Figal, Sergio Manzano-Fernández, Miguel Boronat, Teresa Casas, Iris P. Garrido, Juan C. Bonaque, Francisco Pastor-Perez, Mariano Valdés, James L. Januzzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Molecular cloning of a polymorphic DNA endonuclease fragment associates insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with HLA-DQ.
Authors: B Michelsen, A Lernmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

A BamHI 3.7-kilobase (kb) fragment detected by an HLA-DQ beta-chain complementary DNA (cDNA) probe and negatively associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was cloned and sequenced to localize the polymorphism to BamHI sites in intervening sequences of an HLA-DQ beta-chain gene. A probe of the first intervening sequence (IVS 1) showed the BamHI 3.7-kb fragment in 6 of 17 HLA-DR3/4 controls but in 0 of 13 DR-identical IDDM patients. All IDDM patients (13 of 13) had BamHI fragments of 12 and 4 kb, detected in 9 of 17 controls (P less than 0.02). The simple restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the IVS 1 probe was exploited by comparing 113 IDDM patients with 177 healthy controls to show increased prevalences in IDDM of the 12-kb (P less than 0.0001) and 4-kb (P less than 0.0001) fragments. In IDDM patients younger than 20 yr at onset, 98% were 12- and/or 4-kb positive, compared with 63% of controls (P less than 0.0001), giving a relative risk of 91.8 for individuals with both fragments. The 12-kb fragment was linked to HLA-DR4, and the 4-kb fragment to HLA-DR3. Both serologic markers were split and a non-DR3/non-DR4 IDDM patient was 4-kb positive. HLA-DQ seems therefore closer, than HLA-DR, to an IDDM susceptibility gene.
72 RAPAMYCIN INHIBITS CYST GROWTH, IGF-1-MEDIATED VEGF SECRETION AND CELL PROLIFERATION IN POLYCYSTIN-2 DEFECTIVE MICE, A MODEL FOR POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE (PLD) ASSOCIATED TO ADULT-DOMINANT-POLYCYSTIC-KIDNEY-DISEASE (ADPKD)
Authors: C. Spirli, S. Okolicsanyi, R. Fiorotto, L. Fabris, M. Cadamuro, S. Lechhi, X. Tiang, S. Somlo, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Physicians' Abilities to Detect Lumps in Silicone Breast Models
Authors: Suzanne W. Fletcher, Michael S. O'Malley, Leslie A. Bunce
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Little is known about how well physicians detect breast lumps in clinical breast examinations. We studied 80 general medicine, family medicine, general surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology physicians to determine their abilities to detect lumps in manufactured breast models. The mean number of lumps detected was 8.0 (44%), with a range of three (17%) to 15 (83%). Detection varied significantly by size (87% of 1.0-cm and 14% of 0.3-cm lumps) and hardness (56% of hard and 40% of soft lumps), but not depth; by specialty (from 50% for general internists to 40% for obstetricians), but not by level of training or experience; and by search duration (<i>r</i>=.59). On multiple regression analysis, only search duration was consistently associated with increased detection. Modest detection rates and wide variation suggest breast lump detection can be improved among physicians. Adequate search duration may be important for high detection rates. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2224-2228)
Drug and alcohol policies are rare at medical schools in UK
Authors: D. F. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—The consumption of alcohol and illicit substances is increasing among medical students in the United Kingdom1 and is also excessive among junior house officers.2 These findings emphasise the need for a comprehensive approach towards health promotion in medical schools, with locally negotiated and applied drug and alcohol policies being integrated within this approach. The Working Group on the Misuse of Alcohol and Other Drugs by Doctors has recommended that every medical school …