tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Arteriosclerosis in Rabbits on a Hypercholesterolemic Diet by Ileal Bypass.
Authors: Henry Buchwald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Prevention of Arteriosclerosis in Rabbits on a Hypercholesterolemic Diet by Ileal Bypass.Henry Buchwald, M.D.Henry Buchwald, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-798_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA group of 12 New Zealand white rabbits with an average whole blood cholesterol of 86 mg/100 ml and a group of 6 New Zealand white rabbits, which had previously undergone ileal bypass and had an average whole blood cholesterol of 69 mg/100 ml, were simultaneously placed on a 2% cholesterol diet for 4 months. The ileal by-pass was performed from the bowel midpoint to the cecum and therefore excluded the distal five-sixths of the ileum, as well as the ileocecal valve. At the end of the 4-month test period, the nonoperated group had a whole blood cholesterol average of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 798-799KeywordsBloodCecumCholesterolDietHematologic testsIleumRabbits Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Testicular Scintigraphic Findings Two to Three Months After Torsion Correlation with Sonography and Histopathology
Authors: EDDY K. DUNN, PATRICK C. CHEN, SHERMAN S. LIPSCHITZ, KENNETH I. GLASSBERG, SALIL D. SARKAR, ARNOLD M. STRASHUN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A patient with a nontender testicular mass had sonographic abnormalities compatible with but not entirely typical of a chronic torsion. His scintigraphic studies, done on the same day as ultrasonography and 1 month later, revealed only findings consistent with a very mild subsiding scrotal inflammatory process. On surgical exploration and pathologic examination, it was found that he had an organizing infarct of the testicle secondary to torsion. The clinical history, diagnostic studies, and microscopic slides of the surgical specimen were reviewed. It appeared that tissue granulation and lipogranulomatous changes in the epididymis, known histologic sequelae to the unusually prolonged testicular torsion of 2-3 months, produced scintigraphic findings different from those which have been described for a late or an atrophic torsion.
Advances in interleukin 2 receptor targeted treatment
Authors: John C Morris, Thomas A Waldmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

T cell activation and cellular immune responses are modulated by interleukin 2 (IL2) through binding to its corresponding cell surface receptor. Three forms of the receptor are recognised based on IL2 binding affinity. The high affinity receptor is a heterotrimer composed of α, β, and γ<sub>c</sub>-polypeptide chains. The 55 kDa α-chain also known as the Tac (T cell activation) antigen or CD-25 is a unique subunit of the high affinity IL2 receptor (IL2Rα). Resting T cells express few IL2Rα, however, when activated, the expression of ILR2α rapidly increases. The IL2Rα is shed from the cell surface and is measurable in the serum as a 45 kDa soluble form (s-Tac or s-IL2Rα). Serum concentrations of s-Tac can be used as a surrogate marker for T cell activation and IL2Rα expression. IL2Rα is over expressed by T cells in a number of autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection and a variety of lymphoid neoplasms. IL2 induced proliferation of T cells can be inhibited by the murine monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) directed against the α-chain of the IL2R. Through molecular engineering, murine anti-Tac has been humanised reducing its immunogenicity without changing its specificity. Humanised anti-Tac (HAT) has been shown to reduce the incidence of renal and cardiac allograft rejection as well as decrease the severity of graft versus host disease in patients undergoing HLA matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. IL2Rα targeted treatment with radioimmunoconjugates of anti-Tac and immunotoxins has shown promise in the treatment of CD25 expressing lymphomas.
Effects of fasting on the composition of gallbladder bile.
Authors: H M Bloch, J R Thornton, K W Heaton
Journal: Gut (1980)

Gallbladder bile was aspirated from the duodenum in nine healthy women after three separate periods of fasting after a standardised meal. Mean cholesterol saturation index was significantly greater after a 15 hour fast (1.35 +/- 0.08) than after a 10 hour fast (1.05 +/- 0.10). However, after 20 hours of fasting, mean cholesterol saturation index had fallen to 1.13 +/- 0.10. Total biliary lipid concentration was unaffected. These findings suggest that fasting has a series of effects on gallbladder bile and that bile sampling should be carried out at at standardised period of time after the last meal.
Seeing red: flushing out instigators of niacin-associated skin toxicity
Authors: Richard L. Dunbar, Joel M. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The use of niacin to improve plasma lipid levels and reduce risk of myocardial infarction is limited by noxious skin effects that result from stimulation of G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) in skin immune cells. Niacin causes vasodilation, manifest as rubor (redness) of the head and neck, providing a visible sign associated with other, more bothersome skin complaints. The working theory is that niacin provokes Langerhans cells to produce prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), stimulating vascular DP1 receptors to cause vasodilation. In this issue of the JCI, Hanson and colleagues raise a serious challenge to this paradigm in showing that the major player in vasodilation is the keratinocyte, which produces PGE2, stimulating EP2/4 receptors, shifting the role of the Langerhans/PGD2/DP1 pathway to that of an accomplice. They also show that the antipsoriasis drug monomethyl fumarate, itself a GPR109A agonist, provokes vasodilation through the same cells. These efforts bring us one step closer to solving a key limitation of an important cardioprotective drug and reveal that the skin response to niacin is much more complicated than previously thought.
FUNCTIONAL AND RTD H/Q RATIO IN 11-16-YEAR OLD MALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: G Schuth, A Péter, A Hegyi, J Tihanyi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The strength profile of the hamstrings is reported to be important to prevent strain and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. There is little information about the functional state of muscles around the knee in young soccer players. Objective To determine the differences in the characteristics of knee extensors and flexors in 11–16-year old, male soccer players. Design Randomized cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory, youth sports. Participants 60 randomly selected young male soccer players (11–16 years) – without lower extremity injury history – were assigned into 6 age groups: under 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and U16 (10 players/group). Main outcome measurements The peak torque of isometric hamstring (ICH) and quadriceps (ICQ) (70° of knee flexion), eccentric hamstring (ECH) and concentric quadriceps (CCQ) (60°/s, 10–90° knee flexion range of movement) for both lower extremities were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer (Multicont II). Hecc/Qcc and rate of torque development (RTD) H/Q ratio were calculated 50 ms after the onset of the contraction (RTD H/Q50). Results ICH and ICQ significantly differed (P&lt;.05) between U11 and U14 for both legs. There were no significant differences in ICH and in ECH between U13-U16 in the dominant leg, similarly between U14-U16 in the non-dominant leg (P&gt;.05). Hecc/Qcc was significantly higher in the U11 group than in the U16 group (P&lt;.05) in the dominant leg. There were no differences in RTD H/Q50 across age groups for both legs (P&gt;.05). Conclusions As eccentric and isometric hamstring peak torques did not differ between U14-U16, hamstring-emphasized strength training is advisable. RTD H/Q50 may have clinical relevance, as most ACL injuries occur 17–50 ms after initial contact. It did not differ between age groups, so the effects of intervention programs should be tested aiming to increase the RTD of the hamstrings.
THE CLASSICAL CESAREAN VERSUS PORRO CESAREAN.
Authors: GEORGE M. BOYD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

As the present year completes the nineteenth century and we are about to be ushered into another with all its responsibilities, it is natural for those of us who are interested in the history of midwifery to look over the past and also think of the possibilities of the future. The remarkable advance which has been made, particularly in the latter half of this century, has revolutionized our science, resurrecting operations which were in the writer's student days spoken of only in condemnation. We refer to the classical paper on the "Contagiousnss of Puerperal Fever," by Oliver Wendell Holmes, in 1843; next, the work of Semmelweiss, of Vienna, in 1846, and later that of Pasteur in bacteriology, and its application to surgery by Lister. The works of these illustrious men have established forever the fact that the so-called childbed fever is an infection. The antiseptic era has revolutionized obstetric surgery.
Sudden Infant Death and Old Adrenal Hemorrhage
Authors: Swei H. TSUNG
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The cause of sudden, unexplained death in infancy remains unanswered despite extensive investigation. According to Beckwith, 1 approximately 85% of infants who die suddenly and unexplainedly fall into this category of the sudden infant death syndrome, in which no acceptable causes of death are uncovered by postmortem study. Less frequently, a specific cause of death can be found by careful autopsy. We describe a case of a 3-month-old infant whose sudden death could be attributed to adrenal insufficiency from old hemorrhage of both adrenal glands.  Report of a Case.—  A 3-month-old male infant was dead on arrival at the emergency room of the Methodist Hospital of Gary, Ind. The baby was said to have been in good health. He weighed 3,200 g at birth and had an uneventful neonatal course, with weight gain of 2,880 g in three months. According to his mother, on the night of
Apolipoprotein CIII overexpressing mice are predisposed to diet‐induced hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance
Authors: Hui-Young Lee, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Francois R. Jornayvaz, Michael J. Jurczak, Shoichi Kanda, Violeta Popov, David W. Frederick, Dongyan Zhang, Blas Guigni, Kalyani G. Bharadwaj, Cheol Soo Choi, Ira J. Goldberg, Jae-Hak Park, Kitt F. Petersen, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance have recently been found to be associated with increased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein CIII (APOC3) in humans carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms within the insulin response element of the APOC3 gene. To examine whether increased expression of APOC3 would predispose mice to NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance, human APOC3 overexpressing (ApoC3Tg) mice were metabolically phenotyped following either a regular chow or high-fat diet (HFD). After HFD feeding, ApoC3Tg mice had increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with cellular ballooning and inflammatory changes. ApoC3Tg mice also manifested severe hepatic insulin resistance assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, which could mostly be attributed to increased hepatic diacylglycerol content, protein kinase C-ϵ activation, and decreased insulin-stimulated Akt2 activity. Increased hepatic triglyceride content in the HFD-fed ApoC3Tg mice could be attributed to a ≈ 70% increase in hepatic triglyceride uptake and ≈ 50% reduction hepatic triglyceride secretion.These data demonstrate that increase plasma APOC3 concentrations predispose mice to diet-induced NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance.
<i>In vitro</i> models for evaluation of periodontal wound healing/regeneration
Authors: Miron Weinreb, Carlos E. Nemcovsky
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are highly complex processes, involving cells, matrices, molecules and genes that must be properly choreographed and orchestrated. As we attempt to understand and influence these clinical entities, we need experimental models to mimic the various aspects of human wound healing and regeneration. In vivo animal models that simulate clinical situations of humans can be costly and cumbersome. In vitro models have been devised to dissect wound healing/regeneration processes into discrete, analyzable steps. For soft tissue (e.g. gingival) healing, in vitro models range from simple culture of cells grown in monolayers and exposed to biological modulators or physical effectors and materials, to models in which cells are ‘injured’ by scraping and subsequently the ‘wound’ is filled with new or migrating cells, to three‐dimensional models of epithelial–mesenchymal recombination or tissue explants. The cells employed are gingival keratinocytes, fibroblasts or endothelial cells, and their proliferation, migration, attachment, differentiation, survival, gene expression, matrix production or capillary formation are measured. Studies of periodontal regeneration also include periodontal ligament fibroblasts or progenitors, osteoblasts or osteoprogenitors, and cementoblasts. Regeneration models measure cellular proliferation, attachment and migration, as well as gene expression, transfer and differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype and biomineralization. Only by integrating data from models on all levels (i.e. a single cell to the whole organism) can various critical aspects of periodontal wound healing/regeneration be fully evaluated.
Restenosis rate after multiple percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures at the same site. A quantitative angiographic study in consecutive patients undergoing a third angioplasty procedure for a second restenosis.
Authors: C Bauters, E P Mc Fadden, J M Lablanche, P Quandalle, M E Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Several studies suggest that repeated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures at the same site are associated with a progressively increasing risk of further restenosis and that short time intervals between successive procedures are predictive of future restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed by quantitative coronary angiography the angiographic probability of restenosis when repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed at a site where restenosis had occurred after two previous angioplasty procedures. Of 99 consecutive patients who underwent a third angioplasty procedure, 96 had successful procedures. Uncomplicated failure (residual stenosis &gt; or = 50%) occurred in 3 patients. No major complications occurred. Follow-up angiography was routinely advised; it was performed in 83 patients (86%) with successful procedures. Restenosis (recurrence of &gt; or = 50% stenosis determined by quantitative coronary angiography) occurred in 32 patients (39%). An interval of &lt; 3 months between the second and third angioplasty was strongly associated (P &lt; .005) with the occurrence of further restenosis after a third procedure. CONCLUSIONS The angiographic probability of further restenosis after three successive angioplasty procedures at the same site is similar to that reported after a first angioplasty procedure in studies that used a similar definition of restenosis. Patients who undergo a third angioplasty procedure within 3 months of a previous procedure at the same site have a much higher risk of subsequent restenosis. This easily identified subgroup may benefit from an alternative therapeutic approach.
Trends in melanoma epidemiology suggest three different types of melanoma
Authors: D. Lipsker, F. Engel, B. Cribier, M. Velten, G. Hedelin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

It has been suggested that the incidence of thin melanomas but not of thick tumours is rising in fair-skinned populations, although the reason for this discrepancy is not understood.To describe temporal trends in melanoma epidemiology in a limited part of France in order to confirm this observation and to provide an explanation.This is a retrospective population- and academic centre-based study in which all melanomas diagnosed in the department of the Bas-Rhin, France between January 1980 and December 2004 were included.The study included 2094 melanomas diagnosed in 2020 patients. There was a steady increase in incidence of thin (< 1 mm) melanomas, mainly located on the trunk, and to a lesser extent in the head and neck region, in both sexes, and of intermediate (1-2 mm) melanomas in men. The incidence of intermediate melanomas in women and of thick (> 2 mm) melanomas, as well as mortality related to melanoma, remained stable. There was a steady decline of mean and median Breslow thickness. The 12 months median delay to diagnosis of thick tumours was significantly shorter than the 24 months delay to diagnosis of thin tumours.Temporal trends suggest the existence of three unrelated types of melanoma: type I, thick melanomas, with stable incidence; type II, thin melanoma with a steady and important increase in incidence, mainly located on the trunk; and type III, melanoma with a slower increase in incidence, mainly located on the head and neck region.
The Nucleolin Targeting Aptamer AS1411 Destabilizes <i>Bcl-2</i> Messenger RNA in Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sridharan Soundararajan, Weiwei Chen, Eleanor K. Spicer, Nigel Courtenay-Luck, Daniel J. Fernandes
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

We sought to determine whether nucleolin, a bcl-2 mRNA-binding protein, has a role in the regulation of bcl-2 mRNA stability in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of the aptamer AS1411 in targeting nucleolin and inducing bcl-2 mRNA instability and cytotoxicity in these cells. AS1411 at 5 micromol/L inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas 20 micromol/L AS1411 had no effect on the growth rate or viability of normal MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. This selectivity of AS1411 was related to a greater uptake of AS1411 into the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-10A cells and to a 4-fold higher level of cytoplasmic nucleolin in MCF-7 cells. Stable siRNA knockdown of nucleolin in MCF-7 cells reduced nucleolin and bcl-2 protein levels and decreased the half-life of bcl-2 mRNA from 11 to 5 hours. Similarly, AS1411 (10 micromol/L) decreased the half-life of bcl-2 mRNA in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to 1.0 and 1.2 hours, respectively. In contrast, AS1411 had no effect on the stability of bcl-2 mRNA in normal MCF-10A cells. AS1411 also inhibited the binding of nucleolin to the instability element AU-rich element 1 of bcl-2 mRNA in a cell-free system and in MCF-7 cells. Together, the results suggest that AS1411 acts as a molecular decoy by competing with bcl-2 mRNA for binding to cytoplasmic nucleolin in these breast cancer cell lines. This interferes with the stabilization of bcl-2 mRNA by nucleolin and may be one mechanism by which AS1411 induces tumor cell death.
A phase II dose-escalating trial of clevudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Herve Mommeja-Marin, Stephen L. Sacks, George K. K. Lau, Daniel Sereni, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Brian Conway, Christian Trepo, Robert M. Blum, Byung Chul Yoo, Elsa Mondou, Jeff Sorbel, Andrea Snow, Franck Rousseau, Hyo-Suk Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Current therapies available for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B are limited in their ability to result in a cure. Clevudine is a new pyrimidine analog with potent anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in vitro . A multicenter dose-escalation study evaluated clevudine at 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg once daily for 28 days. Eligible patients had HBV DNA levels of 3 × 10 6 copies/mL or more, had not undergone nucleoside treatment, and were without human immunodeficiency or hepatitis C virus coinfection. Thirty-two patients were enrolled (5, 10, 10, and 7 patients in the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 200-mg dose groups, respectively), 81% were male, 81% Asian, and 88% were hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) positive at baseline. Median pretreatment serum HBV DNA levels ranged from 7.3 to 8.8 log 10 copies/mL. After 28 days, the median HBV DNA log 10 change from baseline was −2.5, −2.7, −3.0, and −2.6 log 10 . Six months after dosing, median changes from baseline were −1.2, −1.4, −2.7 and −1.7 log 10 in the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 200-mg cohorts, respectively. Six of 27 patients lost HBeAg, and 3 of 27 patients seroconverted to HBe antibody. Clevudine was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities. A transient increase in alanine aminotransferase of up to 7.8 times the upper limit of normal (increase ranged from 20 to 186 IU/L) was observed in six patients in the 100-mg cohort, without signs of liver failure. These increases were associated with improved viral suppression. The pharmacokinetic profile of clevudine was proportional to the dose. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the tolerability and potent activity of clevudine in HBV-infected patients and support further clinical study. (Hepatology 2004;40:140-148.)
Test-retest reliability of isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion
Authors: E Cockburn, P Hayes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Isokinetic dynamometry, which is a useful tool for the assessment of muscular function, must have sufficient reliability to be certain that changes are due to experimental intervention. Isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion measured with a range of dynamometers has high reliability, but differences in measured variables exist between different dynamometers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the reliability of isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion on a Cybex Norm. Following familiarisation, 14 participants (23±3 years; 171±9 cm; 65.9±9.6 kg) attended the laboratory on 3 separate occasions, separated by 1 week. On each visit, participants completed 6 maximal concentric knee extension/flexions at 1.05 rad/s on a Cybex Norm Isokinetic Dynamometer. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and group coefficients of variation (CV). CV's for peak torque were 4.0%, 5.1%, 4.9% and 4.5% for dominant quadriceps, nondominant quadriceps, dominant hamstrings and nondominant hamstrings, respectively. ICC's for peak torque of each measurement ranged from 0.82 to 0.97. The results demonstrate that the protocol and dynamometer used are reliable measures of concentric peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors, and are in line with other data examining isokinetic dynamometry.
Glucose Transporter 3 and 1 may Facilitate High Uptake of 18F-FDG in Gastric Schwannoma
Authors: Yutaka Shimada, Shigeaki Sawada, Shozo Hojo, Tomoyuki Okumura, Takuya Nagata, Kazuhiro Nomoto, Kazuhiro Tsukada
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Recently, some gastric schwannomas have been reported to have high uptake of FDG. However, Glut-1 was reported to be negative in gastric schwannomas tested. A 64-year-old female patient received a laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for a FDG PET-positive submucosal tumor (SUVmax 6.61). The resected tumor was diagnosed as a benign gastric schwannoma. Glut family immunohistochemical examination revealed diffuse positive expression of Glut-3 and partial positive expression of Glut-1. On the other hand, Glut-2 and Glut-4 expression in the tumor were negative. This case suggested that Glut-3 and Glut-1 expression were facilitators of high FDG uptake in the benign gastric schwannoma.