tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE AND STABLE CORONARY SYNDROMES. RESULTS FROM THE SPIRIT II, III, IV AND COMPARE TRIALS
Authors: David Planer, Pieter C. Smits, Dean J. Kereiakes, Elvin Kedhi, Martin Fahy, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Androgens and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Peter Y. Liu, Alison K. Death, David J. Handelsman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

Globally, cardiovascular disease will continue causing most human deaths for the foreseeable future. The consistent gender gap in life span of approximately 5.6 yr in all advanced economies must derive from gender differences in age-specific cardiovascular death rates, which rise steeply in parallel for both genders but 5–10 yr earlier in men. The lack of inflection point at modal age of menopause, contrasting with unequivocally estrogen-dependent biological markers like breast cancer or bone density, makes estrogen protection of premenopausal women an unlikely explanation. Limited human data suggest that testosterone exposure does not shorten life span in either gender, and oral estrogen treatment increases risk of cardiovascular death in men as it does in women. Alternatively, androgen exposure in early life (perinatal androgen imprinting) may predispose males to earlier onset of atherosclerosis. Following the recent reevaluation of the estrogen-protection orthodoxy, empirical research has flourished into the role of androgens in the progression of cardiovascular disease, highlighting the need to better understand androgen receptor (AR) coregulators, nongenomic androgen effects, tissue-specific metabolic activation of androgens, and androgen sensitivity. Novel therapeutic targets may arise from understanding how androgens enhance early plaque formation and cause vasodilatation via nongenomic androgen effects on vascular smooth muscle, and how tissue-specific variations in androgen effects are modulated by AR coregulators as well as metabolic activation of testosterone to amplify (via 5α-reductase to form dihydrotestosterone acting on AR) or diversify (via aromatization to estradiol acting upon estrogen receptor α/β) the biological effects of testosterone on the vasculature. Observational studies show that blood testosterone concentrations are consistently lower among men with cardiovascular disease, suggesting a possible preventive role for testosterone therapy, which requires critical evaluation by further prospective studies. Short-term interventional studies show that testosterone produces a modest but consistent improvement in cardiac ischemia over placebo, comparable to the effects of existing antianginal drugs. By contrast, testosterone therapy has no beneficial effects in peripheral arterial disease but has not been evaluated in cerebrovascular disease. Erectile dysfunction is most frequently caused by pelvic arterial insufficiency due to atherosclerosis, and its sentinel relationship to generalized atherosclerosis is insufficiently appreciated. The commonality of risk factor patterns and mechanisms (including endothelial dysfunction) suggests that the efficacy of antiatherogenic therapy is an important challenge with the potential to enhance men's motivation for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Immunoscore: a new possible approach for melanoma classification
Authors: Mariaelena Capone, Gabriele Madonna, Noemi Sebastiao, Jean Bird, Fabrizio Ayala, Corrado Caracò, Gennaro Ciliberto, Bonnie La Fleur, Nicola Mozzillo, Gerardo Botti, Alisa Tubbs, Paolo Antonio Ascierto
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Increasing evidence has supported the hypothesis that cancer development is influenced by the host immune system. The number, type and location of the immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TILs) may either limit or promote tumor progression [[1][1]]. These
Sporotrichosis Arthritis
Authors: JAMES E. CROUT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A review of the clinical features of seven patients with sporotrichosis arthritis showed that six had joint infection without previous skin or lung involvement and that one with myelofibrosis had joint and skin infection. The average time from onset of joint symptoms to diagnosis was 25 months, resulting in joint damage that required arthrodesis in four patients. Tissue from open synovial biopsy was superior to synovial fluid for obtaining a positive culture; concomitant synovial fluid and synovial tissue cultures were superior to either one alone. Granulomatous inflammation was seen in synovial tissue in six patients biopsied. Amphotericin B with surgical debridement of the affected joint was successful treatment in four patients. Although an uncommon cause of joint disease, sporotrichosis arthritis may go unrecognized and mimic other forms of arthritis, resulting in irreparable damage in an otherwise curable form of arthritis.
Current Concepts in Ophthalmology
Authors: Bernard Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Currently in the Journal, a series of articles on ophthalmology is appearing in the Current Concepts format. Like similar series, these articles communicate the present state of the art in one specialty: ophthalmology. The articles are reviewing cataract, glaucoma, infections of the eye, corneal and optic-nerve disease, tumors and vascular diseases of the retina, strabismus and uveitis.Such a series provides a moment for reflection on the place of ophthalmology in medicine. Ophthalmologists, like many other physicians, deal primarily with morbidity and not mortality. The morbidity of blindness, as determined in Gallup Polls sponsored by Research to Prevent Blindness, . . .
A comparison of ganciclovir and acyclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus after lung transplantation.
Authors: S R Duncan, W F Grgurich, A T Iacono, G J Burckart, S A Yousem, I L Paradis, P A Williams, B A Johnson, B P Griffith
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In an attempt to modify the sequelae of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after lung transplantation, 25 allograft recipients were randomized to either ganciclovir 5 mg/kg once a day 5 d/wk (Group G) or acyclovir 800 mg four times a day (Group A). All subjects received ganciclovir during postoperative Weeks 1 through 3, and they were then given either A or G regimens until Day 90. At termination of study enrollment, the cumulative incidence of all CMV infections (including seroconversions) was increased in Group A compared with that in Group G (75% versus 15%, p < 0.01), as was the incidence of overt CMV shedding and/or pneumonitis (50% versus 15%, p < 0.043). In comparison with those in Group G, subjects in Group A were also afflicted with an increased prevalence of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) during the first year after transplantation (54% versus 17%, p < 0.033). Intravenous catheters for ganciclovir administration resulted in four complications among three of the subjects in Group G (23%). The short-term benefits of ganciclovir were ultimately limited, moreover, in that cumulative rates of CMV and prevalence of OB are now similar in both treatment groups after approximately 2 yr of observation. We conclude that prolonged ganciclovir prophylaxis decreases the early incidence of CMV and OB among lung transplant recipients, but these effects are of finite duration. Although CMV prevention appears to have considerable potential value in this population, definitive viral prophylaxis will require development of protracted or repeated treatment regimens, or longer-acting agents.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension — Not So Rare after All
Authors: Irene M. Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTPH) is believed to result from single or recurrent pulmonary thromboemboli arising from sites of venous thrombosis. The occurrence of CTPH after a diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism has been considered to be rare. A recent article in the Journal estimated that CTPH occurs in 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cases of acute, nonfatal pulmonary thromboemboli.1 The natural history of pulmonary thromboemboli includes total resolution or resolution with minimal residua and restoration of normal pulmonary hemodynamics within 30 days in more than 90 percent of patients. Repeated catheterization after acute pulmonary embolism has led to the . . .
Obesity task force linked to WHO takes “millions” from drug firms
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The International Obesity Task Force has relied heavily on funding from the drug industry for a decade, despite being widely seen as an independent think tank and having ties to the World Health Organization.

Set up in the mid-1990s with help from grants from three drug companies, the task force aims to portray obesity as a “serious medical condition” and to promote better prevention and management strategies.

It has a high media profile and is highly influential. A senior US member and a well respected authority on obesity, William Dietz, is currently one of the driving forces behind a …
Intubated Jejunostomy for Recurrent Small-bowel Obstruction Due to Peritonitis
Authors: R. J. Luck, H. H. G. Eastcott
Journal: BMJ (1961)

VAGOTOMY ICAOUThe post-operative insulin test was positive, indicating incomplete vagotomy, in three cases.Two of these were I thank Mr. R. L. Holt for his encouragement and advice
Trading Restenosis for Thrombosis? New Questions about Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Miriam Shuchman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In September, at the World Cardiology Congress in Barcelona, Donald Baim, a cardiologist who is the new chief medical and scientific officer of Boston Scientific, was talking to a reporter when he mentioned disturbing new findings regarding the risk of late thrombosis associated with drug-eluting coronary stents. The revelation fueled a newly ignited controversy. Lauded as a means of preventing restenosis, drug-eluting stents have been implanted in nearly 6 million patients worldwide since they were introduced 3 years ago. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) responded to the controversy by issuing a statement that drug-eluting stents are "safe and effective . . .
THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF HYPOTENSIVE DRUGS IN MAN. III. HEXAMETHONIUM 123
Authors: Edward D. Freis, John C. Rose, Edward A. Partenope, Thomas F. Higgins, Robert T. Kelley, Harold W. Schnaper, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

While searching for derivatives of d-tubocura- rine, Barlow and Ing (1) and Paton and Zaimis (2) independently synthesized a series of poly- methylene bistrimethylammonium salts.The lat- ter investigators demonstrated that the pharma- cological properties of this series were related to the length of the polymethylene chain; the deca- compound produced neuromuscular block while the penta and hexa-compounds prevented the transmission of impulses across the synapses in all autonomic ganglia.They also carried out pre- liminary trials in man (3) but Arnold and Rosen- heim were the first to use these agents in hy- pertension (4).Finally, Restall and Smirk demonstrated that it was possible to reduce blood pressure and obtain clinical improvement in hyper- tensive patients for long periods by the use of repeated parenteral doses of hexamethonium (5).Studies in this laboratory have confirmed the observations of Restall and Smirk and in addition have shown the potentiating effect of 1-hydrazinophthalazine (Apresoline) when alternated with doses of hexamethonium in patients with hypertension (6, 7).Our studies also suggested that hexamethonium may be useful in the treatment of
Overexpression of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) causes marked endothelial cell (EC) differentiation in a co-culture model of angiogenesis
Authors: S. Babaei, K. Teichert-Kuliszewska, J.C. Monge, A.I.M. Campbell, D.J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
John Kingdom Guy Webb
Authors: A. Craft
Journal: BMJ (2011)

John Webb, who died on 17 August 2010, aged 91, was one of the first generation of doctors who specialised exclusively in the care of children. He had a very strong Christian faith and was inspired by a lecture from Dr Frank Lake, a visitor to the children’s department in Newcastle where he was training. He was spellbound and deeply moved by the description of the Christian Medical College in Vellore. Overnight he became convinced that Vellore was where he wanted to work, and that conviction stayed with him for the next 18 years.

When he arrived in India only six of that massive country’s medical colleges had a children’s department and there was only a very small number of dedicated paediatricians. For the first five years in Vellore he was the only paediatrician, and, as well as a vast clinical workload of sick children with multiple disease, he had to inspire and teach a new generation of doctors who would devote themselves to the care of children. The third strand of his role as head of department was to instigate research. As with everything he did, he did this with meticulous attention to detail. He and his group were the first to identify Japanese B virus as the cause of epidemics of encephalitis in Tamil Nadu and filarial infection as the hitherto unknown cause of epidemics …
POLITICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS.
Authors: JAMES D. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

I believe that the majority of physicians concede the truth and justice of the philosophy of Bacon, who writes, "I hold every man a debtor to his profession; from the which as men of course do seek to receive countenance and profit, so ought they of duty to endeavor themselves by way of amends to be a help and ornament thereunto." The very acknowledgment of such indebtedness carries with it obligations and duties which we as a body and as individuals can no more shirk than we can the duties and responsibilities we owe our patients. Hippocrates recognized the indebtedness he owed his profession, despite the crudity of medicine as it was then taught and practiced, and notwithstanding the less respected position then occupied by the medical fraternity. Probably the first universally received code of ethics, as offered by this worshiper at the shrine of justice and
Relationship of Rhinovirus Infection to Mild Upper Respiratory Disease
Authors: Henry H. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

DURING the last 3 years viruses belonging to a newly recognized group have been recovered from a significant proportion of patients with mild undifferentiated respiratory disease.1-7Strains have been isolated from infants and children, and from adults in college and from industrial populations.1-6In addition, these agents have been shown to be prevalent in a military recruit population.7When administered to volunteers a number of strains have produced an illness like the common cold.1, 3,4, 8-10  Recently, the name rhinovirus was suggested for this group of agents by the Subcommittee on Virus Nomenclature of the Eighth International Congress of Microbiology.11Rhinoviruses are similar to the enteroviruses (enteric cytopathogenic human orphan [ECHO], polioviruses, and Coxsackie viruses) in their cytopathic effect in tissue culture, size (20 to 30 mμ) and resistance to ether.12-14They differ from the enteroviruses in being labile at pH 3.0 to
Opportunity was missed in choice of cervical cancer vaccine, health campaigners say
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The government and the drug industry this week reached an outline agreement on a new contract for drug prices in the United Kingdom over the next five years.It is expected that the deal will cut the annual £9bn (€11bn; $18bn) drug bill in the UK's health services by 5% by 2009.The announcement follows a year of intense and tough negotiations after the Department of Health said it was unilaterally cancelling the current pharmaceutical price regulation scheme (PPRS) halfway through its planned duration (BMJ 2007;335:273).The PPRS, which normally runs for five years, allows companies to set drug prices freely but caps their overall profits.The current scheme began in 2005, with a 7% price cut, and was supposed to end in 2010.Under pressure to cut costs at a time when the growth in the NHS budget is slowing, the government sought a fresh reduction of 10%, arguing that drug prices in Britain were among the highest in Europe.Partly aided by changing exchange rates, the industry claimed instead that British prices were nearer to the European average.It also expressed concerns that the government risked undermining the UK's historical attractiveness for research and development investment by creating instability through reneging on the PPRS deal.The new contract entails a price freeze until the end of this year and then a minimum price cut of 2% in patented drugs at the start of 2009.There will also be bigger reductions in the price of branded drugs no longer on patent, providing an overall reduction of 5%.Further price cuts are possible in future years if the drug bill increases by more than 6.7% annually.In line with recommendations last year from the Office of Fair Trading (BMJ 2007;334:383), the government plans to ensure that prices paid for new drugs more closely reflect the value that they offer.Andrew Jack is the pharmaceuticals correspondent for the Financial Times. Government and industry reach pricing deal to cut drugs bill
Abstract 103: Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Is Responsible For Cardiac Protective Effect Of 5-azacytidine On Macrophages In Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yong Sook Kim, Hye-yun Jeong, Youngkeun Ahn
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Background: During progression of cardiac injury, macrophages with specialized phenotypes are actively involved in inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of 5-azacytidine (5AZ) on macrophages in the damaged myocardium. Methods: A mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 ng/mL) with or without 5AZ (10 μM). Nitric oxide was quantified by Griess’s method. Expression patterns of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) were determined by Western blot analysis. For animal study, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of left coronary artery in mice, and divided into four groups; non MI + saline, non-MI + 5AZ , MI + saline, and MI + 5AZ. Saline or 5AZ was injected (5 mg/kg/d) every other day. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome stain was performed and cardiac function was by echocardiography 2 weeks after MI. Results: LPS-induced nitric oxide formation was reduced by 5AZ treatment in RAW264.7 cells. LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein inductions were blocked by 5AZ treatment. Next, the effect of 5AZ on IRF1, a regulator of iNOS, was examined. IRF-1 was dramatically increased by LPS to peak at 4 hr and then reduced to basal level. In the presence of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, IRF-1 protein sustained maximal level without degradation. On the other hand, IRF-1 protein was significantly highly maintained by 5AZ treatment. In animal study, there were significant improvements in ejection fraction (53.25 ± 2.55 % vs. 62.50 ± 7.2 %, p &lt; 0.05) and cardiac fibrosis (28.85 ± 5.44% vs. 16.57 ± 6.30%, p &lt; 0.05). Collectively, 5AZ inhibited iNOS induction by modulation of IRF-1 in the activated macrophages to preserved cardiac function and fibrosis after MI. Conclusion: 5AZ protected post-MI injury by regulation of IRF-1 kinetics to modulate macrophages in infarcted myocardium. This study suggested 5AZ as a novel therapeutic intervention for cardiac repair.
Teething symptoms: cross sectional survey of five groups of child health professionals
Authors: M. Wake
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Teething symptoms: cross sectional survey of five groups of child health professionals Melissa Wake, Kylie Hesketh "There can be no excuse for ascribing fever, fits, diarrhoea, bronchitis, or rashes to teething," wrote the BMJ in 1975. 1 The intervening quarter century has seen the growth of evidence based medicine, yet it has also illustrated how great may be the distance between research evidence and professional practice and how slowly that gap may close.Good evidence now exists from careful prospective studies that teething is associated with, at most, minor and relatively infrequent symptoms. [2]3] How do the views of professionals now align with the evidence?This study aimed to determine current beliefs about teething and related practices of child health professionals in Victoria, Australia.
Human Endometrium: An Active Site of Cytokine Production and Action*
Authors: S. TABIBZADEH
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

Complex interactions of a network of cells comprised of epithelial, stromal, endothelial, and lymphoid cells in human endometrium are displayed as orchestrated phases of proliferation, differentiation, and menstrual shedding. It is clear that these dynamic cell-to-cell interactions require a well developed array of intercellular communication signals. Many of the changes that occur in human endometrium are reminiscent of those associated with the inflammatory and reparative processes. Thus, it is not surprising that emerging evidence suggests the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in endometrial reactions. Expression of the receptors for cytokines, production of these factors by endometrial cells, and regulation of endometrial functions by these factors all indicate the potential of cytokines to serve at autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine levels in human endometrium. In the succeeding sections, the emerging evidence for the role of cytokines in human endometrium is presented. In this context, the complex network of cells able to release cytokines in human endometrium is addressed first. From the long list of cytokines, those cytokines whose potential participations in endometrial functions have been suggested are reviewed.
Concerning Criticism of the Medical Department.
Authors: W. H. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Parkersburg, W. Va., Sept. 20, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Just now it seems to be the thing for every one to criticise everything pertaining to the conduct of the war; from the head of the War Department down all the ranks to the lowest officer in the field, all are under fire. Meantime it is refreshing to read plain and courageous articles—statements of facts, similar to that of Drs. Sutton, Senn and others who have served in the field and camp. A new generation has come up ignorant of the unavoidable conditions that pertain to war, who have forgotten the hardships, cruelties and sufferings of 1861-1865, and who have expected an army to be created, drilled and made efficient from raw material in rank and file, without mistakes; that large camps be established, veritable cities in size, and where the unsanitary conditions arising from the congregation of many men would
MET Increases the Sensitivity of Gefitinib-Resistant Cells to SN-38, an Active Metabolite of Irinotecan, by Up-Regulating the Topoisomerase I Activity
Authors: Asao Sakai, Kazuo Kasahara, Tohru Ohmori, Hideharu Kimura, Takashi Sone, Masaki Fujimura, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)