tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies the Fibrous Cap in Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Christopher M. Kramer, Lisa A. Cerilli, Klaus Hagspiel, Joseph M. DiMaria, Frederick H. Epstein, John A. Kern
Journal: Circulation (2004)

MRI can distinguish components of atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that contrast enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) could aid in the differentiation of plaque components in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Twenty-three patients (19 males, age 70+/-8 years) with AAA underwent MRI on a 1.5-T clinical scanner 3+/-3 days before surgical grafting. T1- and T2-weighted (W) black blood spin echo imaging was performed in 1 axial slice, and the T1-W imaging was repeated after a Gd-DTPA-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance angiogram. A section of the aorta at the site of imaging was resected at surgery for histopathologic examination of tissue components and inflammatory cells. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were measured in visualized plaque components from multispectral MRI, and percent enhancement after contrast on T1-W imaging was calculated. The kappa value for agreement between pathology and MRI for the number of tissue components was 0.785. T2-W imaging identified thrombus as regions of high signal and lipid core as low signal, with a CNR of 6.43+/-3.41. Nine patients had a fibrous cap pathologically, which was visualized as a discrete area of uniform increased signal on T2-W imaging with a CNR of 4.52+/-1.93 compared with lipid core. Within the cap, the percent enhancement after Gd-DTPA on T1-W imaging was 91+/-63%.Higher signal on T2-W MRI identifies the fibrous cap and thrombus within AAA. Contrast enhancement improves delineation of the fibrous cap. The addition of contrast to MRI plaque imaging may enhance identification of vulnerable plaque.
London's health care.
Authors: M. Rinsler
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Mixed sex wards EDITOR,-Mixed sex wards exist in many hos- pitals,' but there are few studies of their acceptability to patients.We carried out a simple survey to determine patients' opinions before and after relocating the accident and emergency observation ward of this hospital from a ward with single sex six bed bays to a mixed sex Nightingale ward.The ward with single sex bays had separate toilets and washrooms for men and women; the mixed sex ward had shared toilets and washrooms, although the nurses tried to ensure that only men or women used these at any one time.Patients were aged over 13 and required observation or investigation for various acute problems.Most were discharged within 24 hours.
Observations on the biphasic nature of digitalis electrophysiological actions in the human right atrium
Authors: R. P HAYWARD, J. HAMER, P. TAGGART, R. EMANUEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Cardiac electrophysiological effects of a digitalis glycoside have been investigated by right atrial intracardiac stimulation and recording in 12 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Measurements were made of atrial effective refractoriness by pacing together with programmed premature extrastimulation. Simultaneous recordings of atrial action potential duration from a site close to the sinoatrial node and from a more distal atrial site were made using an endocardial contact-injury potential technique. All subjects received methyldigoxin 10.0 micrograms X kg-1 intravenously, while half were also pretreated with atropine. A biphasic response to methyldigoxin was observed, with initial action potential prolongation, maximal at 20 min post-infusion, followed by significant action potential shortening which persisted to the end of the study period at 40 min. The initial phase, that of prolongation, was associated with smaller increases in atrial effective refractoriness and increased vulnerability to atrial tachyarrhythmia initiation. During the subsequent phase of action potential shortening, the gap between the termination of effective refractoriness and completion of action potential repolarisation was narrowed, coinciding with diminished vulnerability to tachyarrhythmias. Slight but significant atrioventricular conduction delay was apparent 30 to 40 min after glycoside infusion, indicating enhanced vagal activity during the phase of action potential shortening. Prior atropinisation reduced the magnitude of both early and late components of the biphasic action potential response to digitalis, supporting the proposition that both components are mediated via cardiac muscarinic receptors. Since vagal effects on the atrioventricular junction appeared during the later phase, it is suggested that initial action potential prolongation by digitalis may have been effected via local acetylcholine release, while subsequent action potential shortening may have been caused by a combination of vagally and locally mediated activity.
Mechanisms of the Antitumor Activity of Human Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells in Combination With Zoledronic Acid in a Preclinical Model of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Emma Di Carlo, Paola Bocca, Laura Emionite, Michele Cilli, Giuseppe Cipollone, Fabio Morandi, Lizzia Raffaghello, Vito Pistoia, Ignazia Prigione
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Low expression of surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and defects in antigen processing machinery make human neuroblastoma (NB) cells appropriate targets for MHC unrestricted immunotherapeutic approaches. Human T-cell receptor (TCR) Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes exert MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity and are activated by phosphoantigens, whose expression in cancer cells is increased by aminobisphosphonates. With this background, we have investigated the in vivo anti-NB activity of human Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes and zoledronic acid (ZOL). SH-SY-5Y human NB cells were injected in the adrenal gland of immunodeficient mice. After 3 days, mice received ZOL or human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells or both agents by intravenous administration once a week for 4 weeks. A significantly improved overall survival was observed in mice receiving Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in combination with ZOL. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and increased tumor cell apoptosis were detected. Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes were attracted to NB-tumor masses of mice receiving ZOL where they actively modified tumor microenvironment by producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ), that in turn induced CXCL10 expression in NB cells. This study shows that human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and ZOL in combination inhibit NB growth in vivo and may provide the rationale for a phase I clinical trial in patients with high-risk NB. Low expression of surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and defects in antigen processing machinery make human neuroblastoma (NB) cells appropriate targets for MHC unrestricted immunotherapeutic approaches. Human T-cell receptor (TCR) Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes exert MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity and are activated by phosphoantigens, whose expression in cancer cells is increased by aminobisphosphonates. With this background, we have investigated the in vivo anti-NB activity of human Vγ9Vδ2 lymphocytes and zoledronic acid (ZOL). SH-SY-5Y human NB cells were injected in the adrenal gland of immunodeficient mice. After 3 days, mice received ZOL or human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells or both agents by intravenous administration once a week for 4 weeks. A significantly improved overall survival was observed in mice receiving Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in combination with ZOL. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and increased tumor cell apoptosis were detected. Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes were attracted to NB-tumor masses of mice receiving ZOL where they actively modified tumor microenvironment by producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ), that in turn induced CXCL10 expression in NB cells. This study shows that human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and ZOL in combination inhibit NB growth in vivo and may provide the rationale for a phase I clinical trial in patients with high-risk NB.
Behcet's disease and splenomegaly.
Authors: T J Kiernan, J Gillan, J P Murray, C F McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

long enough for the general practitioner to have referred them to hospital and for them to have been seen in the clinic.As most improvements occurred in patients with a short history of symptoms hospital patients would probably not show such a high rate of improvement.The results suggest that most sufferers from back pain obtain relief without any specific treatment, and that mobilisation and manipulation may hasten this improvement but make no difference to the long-term prognosis.Moreover, although at the time more patients found the active treatment helpful, in retrospect they failed to distinguish active from placebo physiotherapy.For some patients with back pain prolonged or recurrent courses of mobilisation and manipulation would perhaps provide long-term relief, but an appropriate trial is needed.We were unable to identify any factor other than a short history that might indicate a good prognosis.This is disappointing, as prognostic markers would be helpful not only in managing the individual patient but also in leading to a better understanding of the problem.
Long-term results of Total Therapy studies 11, 12 and 13A for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at St Jude Children's Research Hospital
Authors: C-H Pui, JM Boyett, GK Rivera, ML Hancock, JT Sandlund, RC Ribeiro, JE Rubnitz, FG Behm, SC Raimondi, A Gajjar, B Razzouk, D Campana, LE Kun, MV Relling, WE Evans
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Learning in Medicine
Authors: D. C. Tosteson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

"MEDICINE begins in philosophy; philosophy ends in medicine" is an aphorism attributed to Aristotle. I like its demand to connect our thinking as physicians with our thinking in other dimensions. I begin by asking the question: If medicine begins in philosophy, what is the philosophy? I do so in the belief that we stand in serious need of revised designs for medical education and that any such designs must be based on an answer to this question.I will develop the thesis that practicing medicine is a kind of problem solving. Physicians help their patients to face, define and solve . . .
Modern Trends in Obstetrics
Authors: George W. Corner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This little volume is the British counterpart of our own<i>Yearbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>. The British have just changed the format of their volume, dividing it into two sections, one for obstetrics and one for gynecology. No attempt has been made to be inclusive, but instead, 14 separate topics of current interest are presented by recognized authorities. Professor Kellar has chosen his topics and his authorities well. The result is an excellent review of the problems of major obstetric interest today: water and electrolyte balance, hypertension, placental function, anemia, Rh problems, induction of labor, modern gadgets (electronic devices, the vacuum extractor, abdominal decompressors, and artificial kidneys), Bruce Mayes' current thoughts on rubella, infection, and perinatal and maternal mortality. Obstetric thinking in the British Empire shows a striking similarity to that in the United States. <i>Modern Trends in Obstetrics</i>, because of its limited scope, provides a more thorough discussion of
Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric HIV Infection
Authors: Katherine Luzuriaga
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
495. Upscaling of Retroviral Vector Production under GMP Guidelines to Generate High Titer Preparations for Clinical Use
Authors: Sandra Jung, Peter Leyendecker, Frank Kogelberg, Christian Wolf, Andrea Schilz, Klaus Kuehlcke, Sonja Naundorf
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

High titer retroviral vector supernatant, produced in compliance with GMP, has always been a prerequisite for gene therapy purposes in clinical trials. But most vector production procedures have their limitations: the vector often leads only to low titer supernatant, only a few harvest cycles can be done and harvest volumes are often small.
Abstract P3-15-07: Late Toxicity and Patient Self-Assessment of Breast Appearance/Satisfaction on RTOG 0319: A Phase II Trial of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3DCRT) Partial Breast Irradiation (PBI) Following Lumpectomy for Stage I and II Breast Cancer
Authors: SJ Chafe, J Moughan, FA Vicini, JWC Wong, HA Pass, RA Rabinovich, DW Arthur, IA Petersen, JR White, B. McCormick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Ongoing phase III trials are comparing accelerated PBI around the lumpectomy site to standard whole breast irradiation in early stage breast cancer. Recent studies have questioned the late toxicity from PBI delivered with 3DCRT. We evaluated late toxicity on patients (pts) treated on RTOG 0319. Methods:52 pts with stage I-II breast cancer, ≥3 cm, negative margins, and &amp;lt; 3 nodes positive were treated with 3DCRT PBI and received 38.5 Gy in 10 BID fractions over 5 days. Median follow-up was 5.3 years (min-max: 1.7-6.4 years). Five pts were deceased at 5 years. NCI CTCAE v3.0 was used to grade adverse events (AEs). At 3 years, 50 pts were available for AE reporting or late toxicity assessment. Results: The treatment-related AEs were primarily grade 1 36.5%, 50% grade 2, and only 3 (5.8%) pts had grade 3 AEs. The grade 3 AEs in these pts were radiation dermatitis, skin fibrosis, telangectasia, and myositis. No baseline self-assessment of breast appearance is available. Patient self-assessment of breast appearance and satisfaction was available in 45 (87%) pts at 1 year and 36 (72%) at 3 years. At 1 year, 82% self reported excellent/good breast appearance and at 3 years, 64%. Pts who reported &amp;lt; excellent/good breast appearance had significantly more grade ≥2 skin AEs (telangectasia, skin atrophy, hyperpigmentation, erythema, skin fibrosis, radiation dermatitis, and breast or nipple/areolar deformity). At 3 years, 31 of 36 pts were satisfied with their treatment, but all 36 would choose 3DCRT PBI again over standard breast RT. Treatment factors were evaluated to establish correlation with patient reported breast appearance. Preliminary observations suggest surgical bed volume, PTV volume, number of beams used, and possible use of bolus are associated with patient reported outcomes (PRO). Surgical factors impacting PRO were not collected. Conclusions: The majority of pts were satisfied with their treatment results at 3 years and would all choose to have 3DCRT PBI again. With a median of 5.3 years, the rate of grade 3 AEs is low. Technical factors from this phase II trial were modified for the phase III NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 trial, in which bolus is not allowed and both target volumes and required coverage were modified, increasing expectation of improved PRO. Supported by RTOG U10 CA21661, CCOP U10 CA37422 and ATC U24 CA 81647 NCI grants. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-15-07.
Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> Silences L-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels in Mesenteric Veins
Authors: Keshari M. Thakali, Sujay V. Kharade, Swapnil K. Sonkusare, Sung W. Rhee, Joseph R. Stimers, Nancy J. Rusch
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) exert their antihypertensive effect by reducing cardiac afterload but not preload, suggesting that Ca 2+ influx through L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCC) mediates arterial but not venous tone. Objective : The object of this study was to resolve the mechanism of venous resistance to CCBs. Methods and Results : We compared the sensitivity of depolarization (KCl)-induced constriction of rat small mesenteric arteries (MAs) and veins (MVs) to the dilator effect of CCBs. Initial findings confirmed that nifedipine progressively dilated depolarization-induced constrictions in MAs but not MVs. However, Western blots showed a similar expression of the α 1C pore-forming subunit of the LTCC in both vessels. Patch-clamp studies revealed a similar density of whole-cell Ca 2+ channel current between single smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of MAs and MVs. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that LTCCs are expressed but “silenced” by intracellular Ca 2+ in venous SMCs. After depletion of intracellular Ca 2+ stores by the SERCA pump inhibitor thapsigargin, depolarization-induced constrictions in MVs were blocked 80% by nifedipine suggesting restoration of Ca 2+ influx through LTCCs. Similarly, KCl-induced constrictions were sensitive to block by nifedipine after depletion of intracellular Ca 2+ stores by caffeine, ryanodine, or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. Cell-attached patch recordings of unitary LTCC currents confirmed rare channel openings during depolarization of venous compared to arterial SMCs, but chelating intracellular Ca 2+ significantly increased the open-state probability of venous LTCCs. Conclusions : We report that intracellular Ca 2+ inactivates LTCCs in venous SMCs to confer venous resistance to CCB-induced dilation, a fundamental drug property that was previously unexplained.
A 23-Year-Old Woman With a Right Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Shi Wei, Gene P. Siegal
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A23-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WAS REFERRED FOR EVALUATION OF A RIGHT FEMORAL neck pathologic fracture. Review of her pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan from the referring hospital revealed multiple lytic bony lesions in her pelvis bilaterally and in both proximal femurs and a right femoral neck fracture (FIGURE 1). On admission, she had an elevated serum calcium level (14.8 mg/ dL; normal range, 8.5-10.1 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.25]), decreased serum phosphorus level (2.3 mg/dL; normal range, 2.5-4.9 mg/dL [to convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.323]), serum creatinine within normal limits, and an undefined anemia (hemoglobin, 7.8 g/dL; normal range, 11.3-15.2 g/dL). She was treated with intravenous fluids, pamidronate for her hypercalcemia, and a blood transfusion for her anemia. She then underwent a hemiarthroplasty. What Would You Do Next?
Neurosurgery: The Scientific Basis of Clinical Practice
Authors: Dennis A. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The title and preface of this book allude to an evaluation of the clinical hypotheses and basic data supporting neurosurgical therapy of the central nervous system (CNS). The book does broadly achieve these goals, although frequently in a modest and uncritical manner. Thus, this volume should be considered as a worthwhile extension of standard neurosurgical textbooks rather than as a collection of critical reviews of neurosurgical hypotheses. The representation of topics is patchy, and the individual chapters vary considerably in quality and depth of discussion. The chapters in the initial section, "Basic Neuroscience," illustrate this point well. One chapter discusses the basic embryology of the CNS while the next presents clinical aspects of developmental anomalies. The only "basic" neuroscience chapter, "The Chemical Basis of Neurological Function," is brief and almost seems out of context with the remainder of the book. This scheme of organization appears to discount the importance of
Effect of misoprostol on concentrations of prostaglandins in synovial fluid.
Authors: A Doube, J Davies, L Notarianni, K Holgate, G C Fenn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The effect of misoprostol, a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E, on prostaglandin concentrations in synovial fluids was investigated in a randomised placebo controlled, double blind study. The synovial fluid concentrations of prostaglandin E1, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 were measured at the beginning and end of a 24 hour period in 25 patients with effusions of the knee joint. During this period the patients were treated with diclofenac (50 mg every eight hours) and either misoprostol (400 micrograms) or placebo every 12 hours. The concentrations of prostaglandin E and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were not significantly altered during treatment. There was an unexpected significant reduction in thromboxane B2 concentrations in the group treated with misoprostol (within group analysis). Although the mean concentration with misoprostol was about half the mean concentration with placebo, this difference was not statistically significant in the between group analysis. These results indicate that misoprostol is unlikely to exert a proinflammatory effect or to interfere with the prostaglandin mediated effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The significant decrease in thromboxane B2 concentrations in the misoprostol treated group suggests that misoprostol may exert an anti-inflammatory effect.
On Discharges of Pus from the Male Urethra which are not Gonorrh al
Authors: T. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1883)

operation.The patient's appearance was greatly improved, but the lower lip was very unsightly and drooped more than ever and he could not close his lips together.I therefore removed a V-shaped portion from the middle of the lower lip, taking care to remove more mucous membrane than skin.The result of this was very satis- factory, the scar being almost invisible, the lips coming well together, and artioulation being quite intelligible.I would here mention that this method of shortening the pouting lower lip was first sug- gested fifteen years ago by Mr. Oakley Coles, in his Deformnties of the ANouth, but I am not aware of any published case