tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Black Hairy Tongue
Authors: Andreas Korber, Joachim Dissemond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

An 85-year-old male cigar smoker with no notable medical history presented with black discoloration and hairy appearance of the tongue, which had lasted for several years. He said he did not use bismuth-containing compounds. Black hairy tongue, also known as lingua villosa nigra, is a painless, benign disorder caused by defective desquamation and reactive hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. It is characterized clinically by an abnormal brownish-black coating of the dorsal surface of the tongue. The exact pathogenesis is unclear. A number of relevant etiologic factors have been assumed, including the use of topical or systemic antibiotics . . .
GASTRIC HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a clinical note inThe Journal, Aug. 16, page 1460, Morris reported a case of gastric Hodgkin's disease and discussed the symptoms and diagnosis, stating, as is well known, that "there are no diagnostic symptoms." In his conclusions he remarked the "Roentgen findings may be quite indicative [of lymphoma]," although he had mentioned earlier that "the roentgenographic findings have usually been interpreted as being indicative of carcinoma and, less frequently, of ulcer." In my experience with proved gastric lymphoma, the roentgenologists have often described very thick gastric rugae but have been unable to differentiate severe gastritis, infiltrating carcinoma, and lymphoma. The purpose of this communication is to emphasize the fact (not mentioned by Morris) that gastroscopy with biopsy by means of the Benedict flexible operating gastroscope is a positive method of differentiating gastritis, infiltrating carcinoma, and lymphoma. Although there are about 200 biopsy gastroscopes in general
Use of Urinary Cotinine to Estimate Exposure to Tobacco Smoke-Reply
Authors: Daniel W. Sepkovic
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Several factors including differences in cotinine elimination between smokers and nonsmokers, 1 physicochemical differences between mainstream and sidestream smoke 2,3 and variance in mode of uptake of carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic compounds in mainstream and sidestream smoke lead us to maintain that a direct extrapolation to cigarette equivalents of inhaled smoke cannot be validated in nonsmokers from a single measurement of urinary cotinine.  Enlarging on the data presented in our report, we have confirmed a longer residence time for cotinine in the urine of exposed nonsmokers compared with smokers and have observed interindividual variation in both groups. 4,5 This variation does not permit a magnitude of difference to be established. Comparing urine cotinine half-life in three studies, we see ratios of 1.3, 6 1.5, 1 and 1.7, 4,5 indicating 30%, 50%, and 70% differences in average urine values. Additionally, urine cotinine half-lives of 66 hours have been reported in
Putting Chagas Disease on the US Radar Screen
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved asthma symptom control and asthma-related quality of life with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol (FS) in a single inhaler
Authors: R. Manjunath, A.S. Gilmore, R.D. O'Connor, R.H. Stanford, A.P. Legorreta, P.M. Jhingran
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Prognosis of osteoarthritis.
Authors: M C Hochberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

<h3>PURPOSE</h3> To compare rotational angiography with conventional digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of cerebral aneurysms. <h3>METHODS</h3> Conventional digital subtraction angiography and rotational angiography were compared in 57 patients investigated for the preoperative diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and in 13 patients after surgery. Images were compared for location, visibility of the aneurysmal neck, vascular branch anatomy, projection, size, presence of spasm, and shape of the aneurysm. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Rotational angiography was superior to the digital angiogram in assessing aneurysms and vascular anatomy in the following percentage of cases: 12% for location, 46% for the presence of a neck, 32% in the assessment of branch anatomy, 19% for projection, 12% for size, 3.5% for spasm, and 19% for shape. After surgery, rotational angiography more clearly demonstrated the presence or absence of a neck in 69% of the cases. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Rotational angiography often allows better visualization of vascular anatomy and therefore improves the angiographic assessment of aneurysms when compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography, making it an excellent adjunct in the investigation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The lack of subtraction artifacts from the surgical clips and multiple angles of view also allow better assessment of the presence or absence of a residual neck in postoperative cases.
Euthanasia in Australia — The Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act
Authors: Christopher James Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

On May 25, 1995, the parliament of Australia's Northern Territory passed the Northern Territory Rights of the Terminally Ill Act,1 making voluntary euthanasia legal. This act allows physicians to prescribe and administer lethal substances to terminally ill patients who formally request assistance in ending their lives. In this article we provide an overview and analysis of the act, which is expected to take effect this year.BackgroundThe Northern Territory occupies some 1.35 million square kilometers (520,000 square miles) and is almost twice the size of Texas. It is governed by a single-chamber state parliament with 25 members. Forty-six percent . . .
Comparison of Research Quality Guidelines in Academic and Nonacademic Environments
Authors: Joel J. Nobel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Only 2 medical schools in the United States and Canada of 133 that responded to a survey have policy guidelines that address most of the significant ethical and procedural issues related to misconduct and fraud in biomedical research. Some nonacademic research environments have superior guidelines that offer useful models and deserve examination. Prevention of misconduct and fraud in biomedical research and reporting requires thoughtful, proactive change by academic and clinical institutions. While the causes of misconduct and fraud may be sufficiently complex to engender long debate, the methods for minimizing it are relatively straightforward and start with a clear statement of values and acceptance of responsibility. Otherwise, the failure of the biomedical research community to meet this challenge forthrightly is soon likely to lead to damaging intervention by government agencies and elected officials. The time to act is now.A survey of medical schools in the United States and Canada reveals that only two of 133 responding institutions have developed policy guidelines addressing the issues of fraud and misconduct in biomedical research. By contrast, an ongoing study of various nonacademic institutions shows that many have policy and procedure documents that address such issues as the ethical and moral framework for research, institutional responsibility for research done by individuals, and unambiguous standards of ethical conduct for researchers. Nobel discusses the means by which academic institutions can fulfill their ethical, leadership, and perhaps legal responsibilities by establishing research guidelines.
Should Mild Hypertension Be Treated?
Authors: Edward D. Fres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

There is a growing body of opinion that all patients with hypertension — no matter how mild or uncomplicated — should be treated. In a recent report to Congress, the Assistant Secretary for Health, Edward N. Brandt, Jr., stated that the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program had demonstrated unequivocally that effective treatment could prolong life in both mild and borderline hypertension.1 Moser has also claimed that sufficient data have been accumulated to justify reduction of blood pressure in all patients with diastolic pressures above 89 mm Hg.2 If put into practice this recommendation will have rather awesome implications. The most . . .
Traumatic Cervical Syndrome and Whiplash
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To say, as Judge Blumenfeld does in the preface, that the authors "tell the layman what they have done... in terms that are intelligible" is stretching a point, for this is not a book for laymen. Indeed, it is not clear who will benefit from reading it. The sequences are illogical, terms are poorly defined, and opinions often without basis. For example, the authors "are convinced that they [Luschka joints] are frequently affected in the cervical syndrome, although proof is lacking." Nomenclature is sloppy. Thus, the writer declares that "strains and sprains are poor terms, ambivalent and never specific in meaning." Nevertheless, these terms are used in insurance statistics and differentiated from "whiplash." Organization is poor. The chapter on anatomy (two thirds of the way through the book) includes the four scalenii [<i>sic</i>] and a drawing of the brachial plexus which bears no resemblance to another drawing 40 pages earlier.
The Valsalva Maneuver and Coronary Arterial Blood Flow Velocity
Authors: ALBERTO BENCHIMOL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Effects of the Valsalva maneuver on left coronary blood flow velocity were assessed in 15 patients with the Doppler catheter tip flowmeter. Straining against a closed glottis induced a decline of coronary flow velocity that ranged from 14% to 72%, with a mean of 45% for the study group. In seven of eight patients who executed the Valsalva maneuver twice the maximum decrease of coronary flow velocity was related to the magnitude of mean right atrial pressure rise. In three subjects with heart disease there was an unexpected continuous reduction of coronary flow velocity long into the poststraining period. These adverse consequences of the Valsalva maneuver on coronary blood velocity may account for some cases of "bedpan death."
Reproducibility and reliability of pleural fluid cytokine measurements
Authors: S. Bielsa, H. E. Davies, R. J. O. Davies, A. Taylor, Y. C. G. Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

To the Editors: 

Cytokine levels in pleural fluid (PF) have been the subject of many reports focusing on their aetiological, diagnostic and prognostic roles; furthermore, cytokine levels are of importance in translational research of pleural diseases 1. However, data of these studies were based on a single “one-off” measurement of cytokines in stored PF samples assayed after thawing. Cytokine concentration is a delicate balance of systemic and lung filtration of cytokines, and release from local (mesothelial and inflammatory and/or cancer) cells 2. Reproducibility of PF cytokine measurements in humans has not previously been established. Our study aimed to: 1) determine short- and long-term changes of PF cytokine concentrations in patients with recurrent/persistent pleural effusions; and 2) to examine the influence of freeze–thaw cycles on cytokine levels.

In total, 137 serial PF samples were obtained from 30 patients who required an indwelling pleural catheter (n = 19) or repeated pleural aspirations (n = 11) for management of malignant (n = 24) or benign (n = 6) recurrent effusions. 26 of these patients had PF collected as part of a separate study on the use of PF mesothelin …
A Radial Steal Syndrome with Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis
Authors: J. A. BUSSELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Creating an arteriovenous fistula between artery and vein provides a subcutaneous approach for chronic hemodialysis and has become a popular alternative to external shunts. In seven patients with a side-to-side radial-cephalic arteriovenous anastomosis, digital and forearm blood flow was measured by pneumatic plethysmography. Blood flow was always increased in the forearm and always decreased in the thumb of the fistula extremity. All but one patient had related symptoms of arterial insufficiency. Arteriograms documented the presence of a radial fistula "steal" syndrome. In every subject an increase in thumb pulsation was recorded with temporary radial artery occlusion distal to the fistula; the maneuver prevented the steal complex and directed blood flow into the hand. An end-to-side anastomosis may prevent the steal phenomenon.
FLUCTUATIONS OF BLOOD IODINE IN CYCLIC PSYCHOSES
Authors: RUDOLPH NEUSTADT, L. GLADYS HOWARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. As a group, manic patients have higher, and depressive patients have lower blood iodine levels than a group of normal controls. 2. In individual cases of true manic-depressive psychoses, we find a close correspondence between changes in mood and changes in blood iodine. 3. In contrast to these findings, we find no coincidence between changes in mood or motor excitement and blood iodine in other psychotic states. 4. The significance of the findings in the pathogenesis of true manic-depressive psychoses is discussed.
Relief of biliary obstruction due to portal vein cavernoma using a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) without the need for long-term stenting
Authors: M. Senzolo, E. Cholongitas, J. Tibballs, D. Patch, C. Triantos, D. Samonakis, G. Bettany, A. Burroughs
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A rare presentation of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, particularly with cavernomatous transformation, is biliary obstruction secondary to the cavernoma [1]. First-line therapy is currently biliary stenting, but disadvantages of this method are the requirement for repeated changing of the stents and stent-related complications [2] [3] [4].
Ultrasound in Diagnosis, Localization, and Treatment of Loculated Pleural Empyema
Authors: DONALD A. SANDWEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Five patients were encountered in whom the differential diagnosis between loculated pleural fluid and pleural fibrosis was not apparent using conventional diagnostic technics. Ultrasound examination of the pleural space permitted unequivocal diagnosis of the presence of loculated pleural fluid, accurate localization of the empyema with establishment of the proximal and distal borders, and successful drainage of empyemas not entered during prior attempts. The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis, localization, and management of loculated pleural empyema has certain advantages over conventional technics.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma mimicking pleural mesothelioma
Authors: P. Mulliez
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Deoxylaelobin conentratiom in te detection of central cyano_s SIR,-Although not explicitly stated in their article, Dr Geraldine Goss and her associates (March 1988;43:212-3) appear to share with others' the misconception that Lunds- gaard and Van Slyke2 believed cyanosis first could be detected when 5 g/dl reduced haemoglobin was present in the arterial blood.Lundsgaard and Van Slyke wrote, "About 5 grams ofreduced haemoglobin per 100 c.c. ofcapillary blood appear necessary to cause cyanosis.. . 2 They calculated mean capillary unsaturation by averaging the arterial and venous unsaturations.The difference between mean capillary unsaturation and arterial unsaturation would depend on the haemoglobin affinity for oxygen, perfusion ofthe tissue being viewed, and oxygen utilisation by that particular tissue.Since these factors were not reported by Dr Goss and colleagues, their data cannot be used to determine the correctness or incorrectness of the original conclusion of Lundsgaard and Van Slyke.Admittedly, one should have reservations about that early assertion after considering the fact that Lunds- gaard and Van Slyke did not report analyses ofarterial blood specimens on patients-only free flowing peripheral venous specimens had been analysed.It is interesting that reanalysis of Stadie's data from 1919,3 which did involve arterial blood sampling, would lead one to much the same conclusion as was reached by Dr Goss and her associates.None of his five patients without cyanosis had more than 1-3 g/dl arterial unsaturation while 4/27 with cyanosis had values less than 15 g/dl arterial unsaturation.
Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate is essential for T lymphocyte development
Authors: Valérie Pouillon, Romana Hascakova-Bartova, Bernard Pajak, Emmanuelle Adam, Françoise Bex, Valérie Dewaste, Carine Van Lint, Oberdan Leo, Christophe Erneux, Stéphane Schurmans
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Phenols: Concentrations in Amniotic Fluid and Variability in Urinary Concentrations during Pregnancy
Authors: Claire Philippat, Mary S. Wolff, Antonia M. Calafat, Xiaoyun Ye, Rebecca Bausell, Molly Meadows, Joanne Stone, Rémy Slama, Stephanie M. Engel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Maternal urinary biomarkers are often used to assess fetal exposure to phenols and their precursors. Their effectiveness as a measure of exposure in epidemiological studies depends on their variability during pregnancy and their ability to accurately predict fetal exposure.We assessed the relationship between urinary and amniotic fluid concentrations of nine environmental phenols, and the reproducibility of urinary concentrations, among pregnant women.Seventy-one women referred for amniocentesis were included. Maternal urine was collected at the time of the amniocentesis appointment and on two subsequent occasions. Urine and amniotic fluid were analyzed for 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenols, bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, triclosan, and methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylparabens using online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.Only benzophenone-3 and propylparaben were detectable in more than half of the amniotic fluid samples; for these phenols, concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine collected on the same day were positively correlated (ρ = 0.53 and 0.32, respectively). Other phenols were detected infrequently in amniotic fluid (e.g., bisphenol A was detected in only two samples). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of urinary concentrations in samples from individual women ranged from 0.48 and 0.62 for all phenols except bisphenol A (ICC = 0.11).Amniotic fluid detection frequencies for most phenols were low. The reproducibility of urine measures was poor for bisphenol A, but good for the other phenols. Although a single sample may provide a reasonable estimate of exposure for some phenols, collecting multiple urine samples during pregnancy is an option to reduce exposure measurement error in studies regarding the effects of phenol prenatal exposure on health.
Recombinant Soluble Form of PSGL-1 Accelerates Thrombolysis and Prevents Reocclusion in a Porcine Model
Authors: Anjali Kumar, Mario P. Villani, Umesh K. Patel, James C. Keith, Robert G. Schaub
Journal: Circulation (1999)

We investigated whether administration of a soluble recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 chimera (rPSGL-Ig) in conjunction with thrombolytic therapy would enhance thrombolysis by preventing ongoing interactions of leukocytes with platelets and the injured arterial wall.An occlusive thrombus was formed in an internal iliac artery of Yorkshire pigs by placement of a copper coil in the artery under fluoroscopic guidance. Pigs then received heparin and, 15 minutes later, either vehicle or rPSGL-Ig followed by infusion with 25 mg tissue plasminogen activator according to the 90-minute regimen. Blood flow through the artery was monitored by angiography and scored on a scale of 0 to 3. Lysis of the thrombus was accelerated by 70% in pigs treated with rPSGL-Ig 250 microg/kg compared with control (13.3+/-5.0 versus 44. 4+/-13.3 minutes; n=9 each). Eight of 9 control pigs reoccluded in 13.8+/-16.9 minutes after the end of tissue plasminogen activator infusion, whereas no reocclusion was observed in 8 of 9 pigs in the rPSGL-Ig group. When the dose of rPSGL-Ig was increased to 500 microg/kg, time to lysis was shortened by 61% from control (18.0+/-8. 4 versus 46.0+/-8.9 minutes). Reocclusion occurred in 6.0+/-15.2 minutes in control but not in any rPSGL-Ig-treated pig (n=5 each). In addition, near-normal flow (score 2 or 3) after thrombolysis was achieved 59% and 58% faster in the 2 rPSGL-Ig groups than in their respective controls.Inhibition of leukocyte accumulation at the site of thrombosis with rPSGL-Ig may represent a safe therapeutic intervention that could be important in accelerating thrombolysis, achieving optimal reperfusion, and reducing incidence of acute reocclusion.
Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom
Authors: K. McKenzie, J. van Os, T. Fahy, P. Jones, I. Harvey, B. Toone, R. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To compare the course and outcome of psychotic illness in a group of Afro-Caribbean patients resident in the United Kingdom and a group of white British patients. <b>Design</b>: Cohort study of consecutive admissions followed up for four years. <b>Subjects</b>: 113 patients with psychotic illness of recent onset admitted to two south London hospitals. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Course of illness, history of self harm, social disability, treatment received, and hospital use adjusted for socioeconomic origin. <b>Results</b>: The Afro-Caribbean group spent more time in a recovered state during the follow up period (adjusted odds ratio 5.0; 95% confidence interval 1.7 to 14.5), were less likely to have had a continuous illness (0.3; 0.1 to 0.8), were less at risk of self harm (0.2; 0.1 to 0.8), and were less likely to have been prescribed antidepressant treatment (0.3; 0.1 to 0.9). There were no differences in hospital use, but the Afro-Caribbean group had more involuntary admissions (8.9; 2.1 to 35.6) and more imprisonments over the follow up period (9.2; 1.6 to 52.3). <b>Conclusions</b>: Afro-Caribbean patients in the United Kingdom have a better outcome after psychiatric illness than do white people. The combination of high incidence and more benign course of illness of psychotic illness in this group may be due, at least in part, to a greater exposure to precipitants in the social environment.