tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of female breast disease by Southampton general practitioners.
Authors: S Nichols, W E Waters, M J Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1980)

One hundred and two Southampton general practitioners were interviewed about female breast disease. There was agreement about clinical management and the need to both teach and promote breast self-examination. The general practitioners, however, were divided as to whether any breast screening facilities were needed in Southampton. Records kept by the general practitioners of women seen with breast symptoms showed that one-quarter of all new episodes were referred to hospital at the first visit. That the general practitioners considered early diagnosis to be important was made evident from a number of the results. This attitude is encouraging in view of the evidence showing that long-term survival may be greater when delays are shorter.
THE ADDED RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SURGEON WHEN CALLED ON TO TREAT SURGICAL LESIONS IN THEIR EARLIER STAGES
Authors: JOSEPH COLT BLOODGOOD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The easier the diagnosis the worse the prognosis.This statement hardly needs further comment or illustration. It is especially true in malignant disease. When the surgeon is able to recognize cancer by its clinical appearance the relative prognosis is bad. Complete operations in this stage yielded 30 per cent, or less of permanent cures.  When the malignant disease cannot be recognized clinically because of its early stage, but is diagnosed at the exploratory incision by its gross appearance, with or without the aid of a frozen section, the prognosis for an ultimate cure is best, provided the complete eradication of the disease immediately follows the exploratory diagnosis. My investigation of the statistics up to date seems to show that the probabilities of a cure are at least 80 per cent. This, of course, varies with the position of the lesion.  If at this exploratory incision, however, the malignancy is not
Low risk of adefovir resistance in lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir plus lamivudine combination therapy: Two-year follow-up
Authors: Hiromi Yatsuji, Fumitaka Suzuki, Hitomi Sezaki, Norio Akuta, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yusuke Kawamura, Tetsuya Hosaka, Masahiro Kobayashi, Satoshi Saitoh, Yasuji Arase, Kenji Ikeda, Sachiyo Watahiki, Satomi Iwasaki, Mariko Kobayashi, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Rapid Research Response Emphasized in Unique Prostate Cancer Program
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

LESS than 6 months from now, one of the first major events of the so-called war on cancer's second quarter century will occur in Nevada's Lake Tahoe region.  That event will be the Fourth Annual Scientific Retreat of CaP CURE, the Association for the Cure of Cancer of the Prostate, which has its headquarters in Santa Monica, Calif. The retreat is scheduled for September 4 to 7 at a hotel in exclusive Incline Village, within walking distance of a lakeside home recently constructed by financier Michael Milken.  Milken was 46 years old in February 1993 when it was found that he has adenocarcinoma of the prostate that even then had spread to the lymph nodes. Almost since that day, he has focused his organizational talents through CaP CURE on revitalizing prostate cancer research.  In the process, Milken has come to personify, at least for some, the thousands of men with
TUBERCULOSIS IN WORKERS AFTER RESIDENCE IN A TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL
Authors: BURGESS GORDON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It has been established by various workers, including Opie, Landis, McPhedran and Hetherington, 1 that infection in childhood may result from contact with tuberculous individuals. That disease in adults may be acquired similarly is recognized, but it is unproved that contact is the immediate precipitating cause. The possibility of reinoculation from quiescent foci in the body and the influence of various disturbances in metabolism have been considered. In so-called conjugal tuberculosis the published figures are remarkably different; for example, Rowland 2 found an incidence of 2.7 per cent; Blumberg 3 reported 6.3 per cent, and Ward 4 noted a percentage of 57. In sanatorium workers, according to Norris and Landis, 5 the number of infections contracted on duty is apparently low. The wide difference in the figures on conjugal tuberculosis is difficult to explain. It would appear that environment and various customs in diet and hygiene are important influences. The
US company claims to have 90%of human genome on its database
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The US biotechnology company Celera Genomics has announced that it has the DNA sequence of 90%of the human genome in its databases, far outpacing both its own schedule and that of the publicly funded human genome project, which was established in 1990.

Celera, founded in May 1998 by Craig Venter, claims to have sequenced 81%of the genome on its own. It has inferred an additional 9%from the publicly available data published by the National Institutes of Health in Maryland and by the Sanger Centre in Cambridge, England.

The company estimates that 97%of all human genes are already represented in its database, given a genome size of about 80000 genes.

Celera, which began its sequencing project on 8 …
Favism
Authors: Henry J. Wharton, William Duesselmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

FAVISM is an acute hemolytic anemia following contact with beans or pollen of Vicia faba. It has been classified among the paroxysmal hemoglobinurias,1 and manifests itself by the so-called "hemolytic syndrome," which, in view of its specific action on the red cells, might better be named the "erythroclastic syndrome." The main characteristics are a fulminant onset, jaundice, anemia and hemoglobinuria. Favism is probably an allergic phenomenon that is due to a hypersensitivity to the ingestion of the beans or to inhalation of the pollen of V. faba, a large yellowish bean of the lima-bean family.The condition is exceedingly rare . . .
Refusing to provide a prenatal test: can it ever be ethical?
Authors: Rony E Duncan, Bennett Foddy, Martin B Delatycki
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> To explore time trends in deaths attributable to work in England and Wales, and identify priorities for prevention, we conducted a proportional analysis of mortality by occupation over a 22-year period. <h3>Methods</h3> Analysis was based on deaths in men aged 20–74 years during 1979–1980 and 1982–2000 with a recorded occupation. Proportional mortality ratios, standardised for age and social class, were calculated for pre-specified combinations of occupation and cause of death, for which excess mortality could reasonably be attributed to work. Differences between observed and expected numbers of deaths by cause and occupation were expressed as annual excess death rates. <h3>Results</h3> Mortality attributable to work declined substantially over the period of study, with total excess death rates of 733.2 per year during 1979–1990 and 471.7 per year during 1991–2000. The largest contributing hazards were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis in coal miners, pleural cancer from asbestos, and motor vehicle accidents in lorry drivers. In contrast to most other hazards, there was no clear decline in excess mortality attributable to asbestos, or in deaths from sino-nasal cancer associated with exposure to wood dust. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The overall decline in mortality attributable to work is likely to reflect reduced employment in more hazardous occupations, as well as improvements in working conditions. It is imperative to ensure that occupational exposures to asbestos and wood dust are now adequately controlled. Further research is needed on accidents involving lorries with the aim of developing more effective strategies for the prevention of injury.
Abstract PD05-08: Lack of Significant Association between CYP2D6 Polymorphisms and Clinical Outcomes of Adjuvnt Tamoxifen Therapy
Authors: H Kim, H-C Shin, CK Yom, S Ahn, H-G Moon, W Han, D-Y. Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: CYP2D6 variant alleles have been suspected to influence on the clinical efficacy of tamoxifen because CYP2D6 is an enzyme which metabolizes tamoxifen into its active forms, endoxifen and 4-hydroxytomoxifen. This study was performed to investigate the correlation between the polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and the clinical outcome of patients receiving tamoxifen. Methods: Between April 2001 and February 2010, 481 patients with hormone receptor-positive, invasive breast cancer receiving tamoxifen monotherapy in Seoul National University Hospital were studied. we analyzed the patients’ CYP2D6 alleles with the technique of PCR and SNaPshot using the blood samples cultured just before the every surgery and investigated the relationships of allelic variants of CYP2D6 to the disease-free survival by the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test Results: Each part of all patients’ alleles was genotyped into CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*10, CYP2D6*41 and All the patients were categorized into 3 types, i.e. 51 homogenous wild type patients, 217 heterogenous variant type ones and 213 homogenous variant type ones according to their allelic types. There was no difference in age, pT, pN, follow up period among these patients. The rate of events which is defined as locoreginal metastasis, distant metastasis, contralateral breast cancer was 7.1%(34 patients totally). Only 2 patients were died due to pulmonary complication with distant metastasis. The number of variant alleles were not associated with the disease free survival.(P = .162; 95% CI in patients with one variant allele vs patients without variant allele and P = .215; 95% CI in patients with two variant alleles vs patients without variant allele) And the number of non-functional alleles were not associated with the disease free survival either.(P = .171; 95% CI in patients with one non-functional allele(CYP2D6*5, CYP2D6*10, CYP2D6*41) vs patients with two functional alleles(CYP2D6*1, CYP2D6*2) and P = .187; 95% CI in patients with two non-functional alleles vs patients with two functional alleles) Even in the subgroups of stage I, stage II or more, premenopause, and postmenopause, there was no difference found in disease free survival. Conclusion: Out results suggest the clinical outcome of the patients who are receiving tamoxifen therapy is independent of the patients’ polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and need more sophisticated investigation into the relationship of the process metabolizing tomoxifen to the clinical effect in the patient's body. Key Words: tomoxifen, CYP2D6, polymorphism Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD05-08.
Severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema of the right lung treated by selective intubation of the left main bronchus
Authors: L. S. de Vries, R. Ch. Senders
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1984)

As an alternative to surgical treatment, we have selectively intubated the left main bronchus in children with severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) of the right lung. Within 12–24 h the unilateral hyperinflation disappeared. We propose that when conservative treatment of unilateral PIE fails, contralateral SBI should be be tried before surgical intervention, leading to loss of functioning tissue, is undertaken.
Is trust an under-researched component of healthcare organisation?
Authors: Judith Green
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The pattern for provision of primary care has changed radically since the early 1980s.1 The number of small, particularly single-handed, practices has declined rapidly, and most patients now receive a complex, often bewildering, range of primary care services from a large multiprofessional group, rather than seeing their usual general practitioner. This shift has far reaching implications for how professionals work together to provide care and on how that care is experienced by patients. Assumptions that by simply increasing practice size patient care would somehow be improved have been undermined by empirical research on the relations between measures of practice organisation and quality of care. There is no simple relation: larger practices …
Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: David L. White
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article entitled "Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>in an Adolescent Population," by Demetriou et al,<sup>1</sup>the authors provide some incomplete information about gonorrhea screening using Gonozyme. This test is only useful in urethral and cervical specimens. It cannot be used to detect rectal or pharyngeal infection. Because of the limitations of this test, I have found it not to be helpful in our Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic for the following reasons: (1) In males with a urethral discharge, a Gram's stain is cheaper and more accurate; where rectal and/or pharyngeal involvement is suspected, a Thayer-Martin culture is still required. (2) In females, a rectal Thayer-Martin culture is routinely performed along with examination of cervical material. A Gram's stain again is often helpful and less expensive than a Gonozyme assay. If pharyngeal contact is suspected, this also requires a Thayer-Martin
Measles-Virus Proteins in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: William W. Hall, Purnell W. Choppin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

SUBACUTE sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system of children and young adults, caused by a persistent measles-virus infection. Patients with SSPE have high levels of antibodies to measles virus in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the virus has been isolated from the brain; however, isolation requires cocultivation of brain cells with other cultured cell lines.1 2 3 4 5 Measles virus contains six major proteins6 7 8 9: L and P, which are associated with the internal nucleoprotein (nucleocapsid) and are involved in the activity of RNA polymerase; NP, the nucleocapsid structural protein; H, the hemagglutinin, a . . .
Remarks on Vaccination against Typhoid Fever
Authors: A. E. Wright, D. Semple
Journal: BMJ (1897)

MR. HAFFKINE suggested rather more than twelve months ago to one of us that the method of vaccination which has proved so effectual in combating cholera epidemics in India might, mutatis mutandis, be applied also to the prophylaxis of typhoid fever.Since that ime, this question has been constantly engaging our attention, and we have gradually elaborated the method of antityphoid vaceination, which is to be briefly described in this paper.Our first vaccinations against typhoid were undertaken in the months of July and August of lost year.These vaccina- tions were put on record by one of us in the Lancet on September Igth,1896, in a paper which dealt primarily with the question of serous hwemorrhage.A reprint of this paper was sent among others to Professor Pfeiffer.Nearly two months after the date of this paper ProfessorPfeiffer" published, in conjunction with Dr. Kolle, a paper on Two Cases of Typhoid Vaccination.The method pf inocula- tion which these authors have adopted, is exactly similar to the one that we had previously adopted.Like our own method it was based upon the methodf s which have been sosuccessiully employed by Mr. Haffkine in his anticholera in- oculations.After this historical discursus, we may without further prologue proceed to consider, first, the general principles upon which these typhoid vaccinations are based; secondly, the methods which are adopted in preparing the vaccines; thirdly, the dosage and thestrength of the vaccines; fourthly, the clinical symptoms which supervene upon the inoculation of those vaccipes; fifthly, the method of gauging the effect of these vaccinations ; lastly, we shall consider certain questions with reference to the probable duration of the immunity and in connection with the application of these vaccines.PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THE PROPOSED METHODOF TYPHOID VACCINATION IS BASED.The object ofall vaccination processes is, first, to achieve
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Authors: Margaret A. Drickamer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 July 1997Physician-Assisted SuicideMargaret A. Drickamer, MD, Melinda A. Lee, MD, and Linda Ganzini, MDMargaret A. Drickamer, MDWest Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center; West Haven, CT 06516Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207Search for more papers by this author, Melinda A. Lee, MDWest Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center; West Haven, CT 06516Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207Search for more papers by this author, and Linda Ganzini, MDWest Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center; West Haven, CT 06516Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00051 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Voluntary euthanasia has not been legalized in the Netherlands, although guidelines of acceptable practice and a reporting system were established in 1991 [1]. Contrary to Dr. Pullicino's statements, evidence suggests that since the establishment of the guidelines and reporting system in the Netherlands, the number of cases of involuntary euthanasia found on survey has actually decreased [1].We are not sure whether Dr. Pullicino's assertion that physicians are unlikely to discuss their ethical views with patients is correct. One of the positive outcomes of the publicity focused on the physician-assisted suicide issue seems to be an increase in ...References1. Van der Maas PJ, van der Wal G, Haverkate I, de Graaf CL, Kester JG, Onwuteaka-Philipsen RD, et al. Euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, and other medical practices involving the end of life in the Netherlands, 1990-1995. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335:1699-705. Google Scholar2. Lee MA, Ganzini L, Brummel-Smith K. When patients ask about assisted suicide: a viewpoint from Oregon. West J Med. 1996; 16:205-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Margaret A. Drickamer, MD; Melinda A. Lee, MD; Linda Ganzini, MDAffiliations: West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center; West Haven, CT 06516Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Portland, OR 97207 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 2Page: 174KeywordsEuthanasiaInternetSuicide ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE ACID AGGLUTINATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI
Authors: L. J. Gillespie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Eight strains of pneumococci of serological type 1, eight strains of type 2, and eleven strains belonging to neither type have been tested by the method of acid agglutination. Strains belonging to the two typical groups have, as a rule, narrow zones of agglutination. The optimum hydrogen ion concentrations are different in the two cases. Other pneumococci have broad zones or, in a few cases, narrow zones not coincident with those occupied by the typical organisms. The agglutination of most of the pneumococci of types 1 and 2 is extremely susceptible to the inhibiting action of salts. This is not true of the other pneumococci. Old broth cultures may show an optimum hydrogen ion concentration different from that shown by young broth cultures.
John Reginald Bignall Armond Lucas Gwynne Constance Marjorie Ridley Ian Gordon Thomson Jenny Yates (nee Simmonds)
Authors: J. Bignall
Journal: BMJ (2001)

London Hospital 1938; MD, FRCP), d 15 November 2000.After briefly entering general practice in Arundel, Sussex, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during the second world war.At the Brompton, he was involved in the early trials of chemotherapy for tuberculosis and later became chairman of the Scientific Committees of the International Union Against Tuberculosis.His scientific duties led to worldwide travels and many friends in developing countries.He
Randomized Comparison of Everolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Ali Rizvi, Krishnankutty Sudhir, William Newman, Robert J. Applegate, Louis A. Cannon, James T. Maddux, Donald E. Cutlip, Charles A. Simonton, Poornima Sood, Dean J. Kereiakes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Electron Microscopy and In Vitro Testing of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Lymphocytes for Clinical Classification, Prognosis, and Prediction of Therapeutic Response.
Authors: W. H. Knospe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Electron Microscopy and In Vitro Testing of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Lymphocytes for Clinical Classification, Prognosis, and Prediction of Therapeutic Response.W. H. Knospe, M.D., F.A.C.P., S. A. Gregory, M.D., F. E. Trobaugh Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., R. Schrek, M.D.W. H. Knospe, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, S. A. Gregory, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. E. Trobaugh Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, R. Schrek, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-877_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptChronic lymphocytic leukemia varies in severity of course, and in prognosis and response to therapy. Thirty-five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were studied over the past 3 years, 18 patients until death. Survival varied from 9 months to 11 years with median survival of 3½ years. Ten patients had an indolent course, and the others had an active or fulminant course. Hematologic and morphologic study of lymphocytes was supplemented with electron microscopy and a variety of in vitro treatments of cultured lymphocytes. Difficulty in classifying cells by size on peripheral blood smear lead to the use of electron microscopic morphology,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago and Hines, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 877-877KeywordsBlood cellsCellsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaElectron microscopyLymphocytes Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
National and subnational mortality effects of metabolic risk factors and smoking in Iran: a comparative risk assessment
Authors: Farshad Farzadfar, Goodarz Danaei, Hengameh Namdaritabar, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam, Jacob R Marcus, Ardeshir Khosravi, Siamak Alikhani, Christopher JL Murray, Majid Ezzati
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Influence of Doppler ultrasound on fetal activity.
Authors: A J Murrills, P Barrington, P D Harris, T Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A randomised and double blind study of 100 subjects and 50 controls was performed to confirm or refute a report from Cardiff in 1975 that continuous Doppler ultrasound, as used in fetal heart rate monitoring, increases fetal movement by over 90%. The results showed such an effect to be most unlikely (power greater than 0.99). A total of 150 pregnant mothers recorded fetal movements for 30 minutes while connected to a specially modified cardiotocograph, the ultrasound being switched on at random for either the first or second 15 minutes in 100 of the patients. The mean difference in 15 minute movement count, with and without ultrasound, among the 100 patients was 0.2 of a movement (SD 12.7; p greater than 0.6 by two tailed Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test). The control group showed a mean difference of 2.6 movements (SD 12.1; p greater than 0.2). Results of a pilot study suggested that the observations in the earlier report may have been influenced by mechanisms unrelated to ultrasound.