tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NORMAL ABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF LEAD
Authors: ROBERT A. KEHOE
Journal: JAMA (1935)

A recent series of articles in another journal has detailed the methods and the major results of our studies of lead absorption and lead poisoning during the past ten years.<sup>1</sup>So far as they are concerned with normal lead absorption and excretion, the results may be summarized briefly as follows: 1. Two groups of native Mexican Indians, whose mode of life and environment were devoid of opportunities for contact with the lead-containing products of highly organized and industrialized populations, were found to have lead in their blood and to excrete lead in their feces and urine, as a consequence of the occurrence of lead in the soil and hence in vegetation and animal products employed as food. 2. Various groups of healthy children and adults in the United States, with no occupational exposure, were shown to have lead in their tissues and in their excreta, chiefly because of regular
Plasma membrane of Entamoeba histolytica.
Authors: S B Aley, W A Scott, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Axenically propagated Entamoeba histolytica (HK9:NIH strain) were employed as starting material for the isoation of plasma membrane by a novel procedure. In the absence of known enzymatic markers, the externally disposed polypeptides of intact amoebae were iodinated and the incorporated label used to monitor membrane separation and recovery. 12 major plasma membrane polypeptides (12 x 10(3)-200 x 10(3) mol wt) were labeled and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each of these was a glycoprotein. Preincubation of amoebae with concanavalin A stabilized the plasma membranes as large sheets, facilitating its separation by low-speed centrifugation. Dissociation of the lectin with alpha-methyl mannoside, followed by additional homogenization led to vesiculation and further purification. The isolated plasma membrane was recovered in high yield (28%) and enriched 30-fold in terms of incorporated iodide. All iodinated surface glycoproteins of the intact organism were present in the plasma membrane fraction. A Ca++-dependent ATPase was enriched in the plasma membrane to a similar extent, but over one-half of the total activity was associated with internal, unlabeled membranes, suggesting a dual localization of this activity. The isolated plasma membrane was enriched in cholesterol and had a cholesterol:molar ratio of 0.87. It also contained larger amounts of an unusual phospholipid--ceramide aminoethyl phosphonate--a phospholipase-resistant species.
VIRUS PROLIFERATION IN HYPOXIC MICE AND CHICK EMBRYOS
Authors: Seymour S. Kalter, J. E. Prier, H. Zaman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Virus proliferation in hypoxic animals was markedly reduced. Little difference in this respect between influenza virus (PR8) and mouse encephalomyelitis virus (Theiler's GD VII) was observed except that there was a longer depression of the latter virus. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.
Acute promyelocytic leukemias share cooperative mutations with other myeloid-leukemia subgroups
Authors: L Riva, C Ronchini, M Bodini, F Lo-Coco, S Lavorgna, T Ottone, G Martinelli, I Iacobucci, C Tarella, A Cignetti, S Volorio, L Bernard, A Russo, G E M Melloni, L Luzi, M Alcalay, G I Dellino, P G Pelicci
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Correction to: Blood Cancer Journal (2013) 3, e147; doi: 10.1038/bcj.2013.46; published online 13 September 2013
Diarrhea of Travelers
Authors: Ian Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To  Editor:—  The editorial on turista, or the  ( JAMA  180 :402 [May 5] 1962), reminds me of a statement made recently by a Mexican colleague which will come as a novel idea to  average gringo . It is commonplace for representatives of  tribe of Homo sapiens Californiensis to have a brief session of  trots after a visit to resort areas below  border. Our Mexican source reports that this is almost as common among his countrymen who visit California! It seems especially frequent in  caballeros who visit  Francisco, and  traveler returned from The City sometimes refers to  affliction as  San Franciscitis.  A further observation of interest is  failure of sulfonamides plus antibiotics to exert any prophylactic effect. If one accepts  commonly reported disparity in bacterial counts in drinking water in Baja California and in  Golden State, several intriguing
Colorectal cancer screening in Europe: compliance and the choice of test
Authors: J. Riemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major and increasing challenge worldwide. However, it is important to know whether the prevalence of CRC is different across different countries. To date, there is no common screening program for the prevention of CRC in the countries of the European Union. Countries such as France have established organized screening programs in which individuals are invited to take a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), whereas in Germany in addition to the FOBT opportunistic colonoscopy is the procedure of choice for the detection and simultaneous treatment of precursor lesions and early CRC. The acceptance of preventive strategies and compliance by patients may also differ, even within countries. Many factors such as social status, sex, location, and income may influence the behavior of people invited to take part in screening programs [1].
THE X-RAY FROM A MEDICO-LEGAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: R. HARVEY REED
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The proper relation which the X-ray should hold in medico-legal medicine has not yet been determined. When the announcement was made of the discovery of the Röntgen ray, it was given a wider scope of usefulness than clinical experience has yet been able to demonstrate. It is not my object to find fault with the skiagraph or cast any reflections upon the benefits which humanity has or may derive from its use, yet I feel from the experience of myself and others that it has not reached a degree of certainty that warrants us to depend upon it as a safe and positive method of diagnosis. In ordinary photography, in which a photograph is taken of the real object itself, the position, the light, the focus and many other auxiliaries may greatly modify the photograph taken of the same person on the same day with the same apparatus, in the
Five- to Twenty-Eight-Year Follow-Up of 99 Residents Trained in Biopsychosocial Internal Medicine
Authors: Rolf H. Adler
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

Letters| January 25 2008 Five- to Twenty-Eight-Year Follow-Up of 99 Residents Trained in Biopsychosocial Internal Medicine Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Rolf H. Adler Rolf H. Adler University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (2008) 77 (2): 126–127. https://doi.org/10.1159/000112890 Article history Published Online: January 25 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rolf H. Adler; Five- to Twenty-Eight-Year Follow-Up of 99 Residents Trained in Biopsychosocial Internal Medicine. Psychother Psychosom 1 January 2008; 77 (2): 126–127. https://doi.org/10.1159/000112890 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel2008Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Inconsistent Criteria Used in American Society of Clinical Oncology 2007 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer
Authors: Fatima Cardoso, Mahasti Saghatchian, Alastair Thompson, Emiel Rutgers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2007, in which fresh biopsies can be shipped at ambient temperature in an RNA-preserving solution, bypassing the need to freeze the sample.Most importantly, we believe that the quality of the test result critically depends on the availability of intact RNA, which cannot be obtained from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks used for the Oncotype DX test.FFPE tissue fixation was never designed for RNA analysis and many different protocols are used.The proof of technical validity for FFPE samples in the context of RNA measurements is still outstanding.Do the authors really want to suggest that we should prefer convenience over accuracy in cancer diagnostics?In conclusion, the level of validation of both tests is similar, and there are no reasons to issue a different recommendation for these two tests.On the contrary: if there is a choice between an FDA-cleared test and a "home brew" alternative, is there really a choice?
Short-term alterations in carbohydrate energy intake in humans. Striking effects on hepatic glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body fuel selection.
Authors: J M Schwarz, R A Neese, S Turner, D Dare, M K Hellerstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Short-term alterations in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) energy are known to alter whole-body fuel selection in humans, but the metabolic mechanisms remain unknown. We used stable isotope-mass spectrometric methods with indirect calorimetry in normal subjects to quantify the metabolic response to six dietary phases (5 d each), ranging from 50% surplus CHO (+50% CHO) to 50% deficient CHO (-50% CHO), and 50% surplus fat (+50% fat). Fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP) varied by > 40% from deficient to surplus CHO diets (1.78 +/- 0.08 vs 2.43 +/- 0.09 mg/kg per min, P < 0.01). Increased HGP on surplus CHO occurred despite significantly higher serum insulin concentrations. Lipolysis correlated inversely with CHO intake as did the proportion of whole-body lipolytic flux oxidized. Fractional de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) increased more than 10-fold on surplus CHO and was unmeasurable on deficient CHO diets; thus, the preceding 5-d CHO intake could be inferred from DNL. Nevertheless, absolute hepatic DNL accounted for < 5g fatty acids synthesized per day even on +50% CHO. Whole-body CHO oxidation increased sixfold and fat oxidation decreased > 90% on surplus CHO diets. CHO oxidation was highly correlated with HGP (r2= 0.60). HGP could account for 85% of fasting CHO oxidation on +25% CHO and 67% on +50% CHO diets. Some oxidation of intracellular CHO stores was therefore also occurring. +50% fat diet had no effects on HGP, DNL, or fuel selection. We conclude that altered CHO intake alters HGP specifically and in a dose-dependent manner, that HGP may mediate the effects of CHO on whole-body fuel selection both by providing substrate and by altering serum insulin concentrations, that altered lipolysis and tissue oxidation efficiency contribute to changes in fat oxidation, and that surplus CHO is not substantially converted by the liver to fat as it spares fat oxidation, but that fractional DNL may nevertheless be a qualitative marker of recent CHO intake.
Platelet Hyperreactivity and Prognosis in Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mieke D. Trip, Volkert Manger Cats, Frans J.L. van Capelle, Johan Vreeken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We tested the hypothesis that an increase in spontaneous aggregability of platelets in vitro predicts mortality and coronary events in patients who have survived a recent myocardial infarction. A cohort of 149 survivors of infarction entered our study three months after the index infarction and was followed for five years. At entry and at intervals of six months, spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was tested and graded as positive (aggregation within 10 minutes), intermediate (aggregation after 10 to 20 minutes), or negative (no aggregation within 20 minutes).
Development of Real-time Subcellular Dynamic Multicolor Imaging of Cancer-Cell Trafficking in Live Mice with a Variable-Magnification Whole-Mouse Imaging System
Authors: Kensuke Yamauchi, Meng Yang, Ping Jiang, Mingxu Xu, Norio Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Katsuro Tomita, Abdool R. Moossa, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract With the use of dual-color fluorescent cells and a highly sensitive whole-mouse imaging system with both macro-optics and micro-optics, we report here the development of subcellular real-time imaging of cancer cell trafficking in live mice. To observe cytoplasmic and nuclear dynamics in the living mouse, tumor cells were labeled in the nucleus with green fluorescent protein and with red fluorescent protein in the cytoplasm. Dual-color cancer cells were injected by a vascular route in an abdominal skin flap in nude mice. The mice were imaged with an Olympus OV100 whole-mouse imaging system with a sensitive CCD camera and five objective lenses, parcentered and parfocal, enabling imaging from macrocellular to subcellular. We observed the nuclear and cytoplasmic behavior of cancer cells in real time in blood vessels as they moved by various means or adhered to the vessel surface in the abdominal skin flap. During extravasation, real-time dual-color imaging showed that cytoplasmic processes of the cancer cells exited the vessels first, with nuclei following along the cytoplasmic projections. Both cytoplasm and nuclei underwent deformation during extravasation. Different cancer cell lines seemed to strongly vary in their ability to extravasate. With the dual-color cancer cells and the highly sensitive whole-mouse imaging system described here, the subcellular dynamics of cancer metastasis can now be observed in live mice in real time. This imaging technology will enable further understanding of the critical steps of metastasis and provide visible targets for antimetastasis drug development. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4208-14)
Recurrent DGCR8, DROSHA, and SIX Homeodomain Mutations in Favorable Histology Wilms Tumors
Authors: Amy L. Walz, Ariadne Ooms, Samantha Gadd, Daniela S. Gerhard, Malcolm A. Smith, Jaime M. Guidry Auvil, Daoud Meerzaman, Qing-Rong Chen, Chih Hao Hsu, Chunhua Yan, Cu Nguyen, Ying Hu, Reanne Bowlby, Denise Brooks, Yussanne Ma, Andrew J. Mungall, Richard A. Moore, Jacqueline Schein, Marco A. Marra, Vicki Huff, Jeffrey S. Dome, Yueh-Yun Chi, Charles G. Mullighan, Jing Ma, David A. Wheeler, Oliver A. Hampton, Nadereh Jafari, Nicole Ross, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Elizabeth J. Perlman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Cigarette smoke, ferritin, and lipid peroxidation.
Authors: D Lapenna, S de Gioia, A Mezzetti, G Ciofani, A Consoli, L Marzio, F Cuccurullo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Gas and tar phases of commercially available filter cigarettes were tested for ferritin-iron-releasing effects and polyunsaturated-fatty-acid oxidant capacity in vitro. A vacuum pump-dependent apparatus with Cambridge filters was used to separate gas and tar; the former was directly smoked into reaction mixtures, while the latter was extracted from Cambridge filters in aqueous medium and freshly used at 40 to 80% final concentrations. Both phases induced ferritin iron release, which was not antagonized by superoxide dismutase (SOD). In specific experiments, we have also shown that gas and tar extracts could cross an organic (i.e., chloroform)-phospholipid layer before mobilizing ferritin iron. Once delocalized from ferritin, iron could trigger lipid peroxidation; however, a marked prooxidant effect (inhibited by 20 microM deferoxamine mesylate and significantly decreased by 40 microM vitamin E) was observed only with gas, whereas tar extracts showed antioxidant effects. Accordingly, tar extracts could also antagonize lipid peroxidation driven by non-chelated iron or by peroxyl radicals. In the absence of ferritin, gas-induced lipid peroxidation was very low, and tar extracts were apparently ineffective. Thus, the intrinsic lipoperoxidative capacity of cigarette smoke is low and is due to gas; however, when smoke interacts with ferritin, a marked iron-driven peroxidation becomes manifest essentially with gas, tar components acting as antioxidants. The present data suggest that cigarette-smoke-mediated iron mobilization from ferritin may represent a specific prooxidant mechanism related to cigarette smoking in vivo.
REVERSIBLE CHANGES IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Russell W. Schaedler, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A study has been made of the time variations in the susceptibility of albino mice to experimental infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Susceptibility to infection was determined by two criteria: (a) mortality rates following intravenous injection of a known infective dose; (b) numbers of bacterial colonies that could be recovered from the tissues of the infected animals at various times after infection. When measured in terms of either one of these two criteria, susceptibility was consistently modified by temporary deprivation of food, and by various changes in the composition of the diet. Increase in susceptibility to infection could be detected within a few hours to a few days depending upon the nature and intensity of the nutritional disturbance imposed upon the animal. Under the proper conditions, return to a normal state of resistance could also occur within a very short time. There was commonly observed an explosive bacterial multiplication in mice receiving the infective dose shortly after being subjected to nutritional disturbances. In the case of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, however, this phase of increased susceptibility was often followed a few hours later by one during which the numbers of living bacteria that could be recovered from the various organs fell to a very low level. Many of the animals which had exhibited severe but transient bacteriemia recovered rapidly and survived the infection. Mice rendered more susceptible to infection by being fed deficient diets progressively recovered their normal resistance while being kept on the same inadequate regimens. This adaptation occurred even though the weight of the animals on these regimens remained much lower than the weight of the animals fed a complete diet ad lib. The weight of the animal at the time of infection appeared to have little bearing on susceptibility. However, susceptibility consistently increased during the periods while the animals were losing weight-whatever the cause of the weight loss. The facts disclosed in the present study, as well as findings reported by other investigators, make clear that profound changes in susceptibility to infection can be brought about by varied non-specific procedures. These changes can occur within very short periods of time and are often rapidly reversible.
Doppler Echocardiography in the Evaluation of a Heart Murmur
Authors: Murilo Foppa, Satya N. Rao, Warren J. Manning
Journal: JAMA (2015)

A 91-year-old womanwith a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and stage 3 renal insufficiencypresented for a routine office visit. She reportedno chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, presyncope, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, or pedal edema. Physical examination demonstrated bloodpressure of 140/76mmHgand a heart rate of 72/min. Carotid upstrokeswere slightly delayedwith a transmittedmurmur. Lungswere clear bilaterally. Cardiac examination demonstrated a regular rate and rhythm, normal S1, 3/6 harsh, late-peaking systolic murmur that radiated to the carotids with soft A2, 2/4 diastolic decrescendo murmur at the left lower sternal border, and 2/6 holosystolic murmur at the apex. Distal pulses were 2+ bilaterally. There was no edema. A 2-D and Doppler transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed to assess valvular function (Table; Interactive).
Peter Gordon Harries
Authors: Simon Harries, G H Grant McMillan
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Peter Harries, who served as president and honorary secretary for the Society of Occupational Medicine and was made an honorary member in 2002, died peacefully on 26 September 2006, his 75th birthday, from metastatic prostate cancer. Kind, caring, and gregarious, he was an inspired and inspirational occupational physician who earned international renown for his original research and encyclopaedic knowledge of asbestos related diseases. This work was the basis for improvements in working standards that provided life saving protection for countless thousands of workers worldwide.

Born in Brynamman, Carmarthenshire, Peter was proudly patriotic and cast aside his usual quiet demeanour when encouraging and celebrating the national rugby football team. His funeral service was rich in Welsh songs and poetry. He was educated at Gowerton Grammar School, Ellesmere College in Shropshire, and the London Hospital Medical College, where his interest in industrial medicine was inspired by “the dynamic, sometimes manic, teaching of Donald Hunter.” He played representative rugby football, lawn tennis, hockey and squash racquets and is remembered as a model student. He graduated MB BS in 1955 then, following preregistration appointments in the West Suffolk General Hospital in June 1956, for his national service. He entered the Royal Navy on a three year short service commission in the rank of acting surgeon lieutenant and was immediately in action during the Suez crisis.

That August he joined the Daring Class destroyer HMS Diana as medical officer. He was soon to see action when on 31 October, the first night of hostilities in the Suez crisis, the Egyptian frigate Domiat opened fire on the cruiser HMS Newfoundland and caused fatal casualties. Domiat, an Egyptian destroyer, was severely damaged by return of fire from Newfoundland and then finished off by the accompanying Diana when it was thought she was trying to ram her. Peter …