tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug points: Acute angle closure glaucoma associated with paroxetine
Authors: T Eke, A K Bates, S Carr
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an antismoking campaign conducted by the Health Education Board for Scotland.Design: Descriptive survey of adult callers to a telephone helpline (Smokeline) for stopping smoking; panel study of a random sample of adult callers; assessment of changes in prevalence of smoking in Scotland before and after introduction of the helpline Setting: Telephone helpline.Subjects: Callers to Smokeline over the initial one year period.Detailed information was collected on a 10% sample (n = 8547).A cohort of adult smokers who called Smokeline (total n = 848) was followed up by telephone interview three weeks, six months, and one year after the initial call.Main outcome measures: Numbers of adult smokers calling helpline; changes in smoking behaviour, especially stopping smoking among cohort members; and changes in prevalence of smoking in the general population.Results: An estimated 82 782 regular adult smokers made genuine contact with Smokeline over the year, representing about 5.9% of all adult smokers in Scotland.At one year 143 of the cohort of 848 callers (23.6%; 95% confidence interval 20.2% to 27.0%) reported that they had stopped smoking, and 534 (88.0%; 85.4% to 90.6%) reported having made some change.About 19 500 (16 700 to 22 350) adult smokers, equivalent to 1.4% (1.2% to 1.6%) of the mean adult smoking population, stopped smoking with direct help from Smokeline.During the second year of the campaign (1994) smoking prevalence among 25-65 year olds in Scotland was 6% (2.0% to 10.0%) lower than it had been before the start of the campaign. Conclusion:The Health Education Board for Scotland's antismoking campaign reached a high number of adult smokers, was associated with a highly acceptable quit rate among adults given direct help through Smokeline, and contributed considerably to an accelerated decline in smoking prevalence in Scotland.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF VESICAL TUMORS
Authors: HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

My study has comprised 117 cases of vesical tumor. The frequency of occurrence according to age was as follows: Ages. Cases. 25 to 30... 3 31 to 35... 8 36 to 40... 4 41 to 50...22 51 to 60... 37 61 to 70...26 71 to 80...16 Not stated... 1 In twenty-one, or 17 per cent. of the cases, the tumors were benign papillomas, and the rest, 83 per cent., malignant (carcinoma ninety-six cases, sarcoma one case). The three patients under 30 years of age had benign papillomas; two have been cured by fulguration. The third case was benign at the beginning, but later (at the end of three years) became malignant, the patient dying with a large metastatic growth in the abdominal wall. Seven, or 33 per cent., of the twenty-one patients with benign growths were under 40 years of age, and one was over 59. Six, or 6.2 per
Hirschsprung's disease as a cause of chronic constipation in the elderly.
Authors: A J Rich, T W Lennard, J B Wilsdon
Journal: BMJ (1983)

the harsh truths pointing to the inevitability of the need to ration human life, at least within the context of American medicine, Lundberg"8 concludes with a remark which is equally relevant to the need for Kuhse's "quality of life ethic""9: "One thing is certain.Reality cannot be delayed.Not to decide is to decide."
Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>Group X Overexpression in Asthma and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Teal S. Hallstrand, Emil Y. Chi, Alan G. Singer, Michael H. Gelb, William R. Henderson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Secreted phospholipase A(2) enzymes (sPLA(2)s) play key regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids, such as the cysteinyl leukotrienes, but the role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of asthma is not known.To establish if sPLA(2)s are overexpressed in the airways of patients with asthma, and to determine if these enzymes may play a role in the generation of eicosanoids in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.Induced sputum samples were obtained from subjects with asthma with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and nonasthmatic control subjects at baseline, and on a separate day 30 minutes after exercise challenge. The expression of the PLA(2)s in induced sputum cells and supernatant was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot.The sPLA(2)s expressed at the highest levels in airway cells of subjects with asthma were groups X and XIIA. Group X sPLA(2) (sPLA(2)-X) was differentially overexpressed in asthma and localized to airway epithelial cells and bronchial macrophages. The gene expression, immunostaining in airway epithelial cells and bronchial macrophages, and the level of the extracellular sPLA(2)-X protein in the airways increased in response to exercise challenge in the asthma group, whereas the levels were lower and unchanged after challenge in nonasthmatic control subjects.Increased expression of sPLA(2)-X may play a key role in the dysregulated eicosanoid synthesis in asthma.
Intensive Immunization of Man: A Clinical and Laboratory Study.
Authors: Richard N. Peeler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Intensive Immunization of Man: A Clinical and Laboratory Study.Richard N. Peeler, M.D. (Associate), Leighton E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Richard N. Peeler, M.D. (Associate), Leighton E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-328_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe authors have previously reported the results of clinical and laboratory investigations done in 1956 upon a group of 99 men employed in laboratories handling many pathogenic bacterial, rickettsial, and viral agents. These men had been immunized prophylactically over a period of 7 to 13 years with a variety of antigens, receiving a total of 35 to 75 ml of material. Clinical evaluation of the immunized men revealed no unusual incidence of illness. Laboratory investigations recarded a high incidence of lymphocytosis, abnormal liver function tests, and a peculiar aberration of serum electrophoretic pattern characterized by poor separation of the alpha-2... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 328-328KeywordsAbnormal liver function testsAntigensBacterial pathogensClinical laboratoriesResearch laboratoriesViral pathogens Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Human rheumatoid factor crossidiotypes. II. Primary structure-dependent crossreactive idiotype, PSL2-CRI, present on Wa monoclonal rheumatoid factors is present on Bla and other IgM kappa monoclonal autoantibodies.
Authors: V Agnello, F Goñi, J L Barnes, M T de la Vega, B Frangione
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The amino acid sequence of the L-CDR2 (complementarity-determining region) of Bla mRF (monoclonal rheumatoid factor) is identical to that of the Wa mRFs. The PSL2-CRI (crossreactive idiotype), as determined by anti-PSL2, which has been shown to be present on all Wa mRFs, is also present on the Bla mRF and other monoclonal autoantibodies. PSL2-CRI is, therefore, not unique to Wa mRFs and may be present on most IgM kappa monoclonal autoantibodies. Whether PSL2-CRI is a crossidiotype (XId) that is selectively present on autoantibodies or represents an allotypic marker for a V kappa III gene is undetermined.
294. Adenoviral-TRAIL and a Smac34-8K Fusion Peptide Act Synergistically to Induce Apoptosis in Low CAR-Expressing Human Glioma Cells
Authors: Hiroyuki Mushiake, Moira R. Hitchens, Jeffrey C. Mai, Dai-Wu Seol, Paul D. Robbins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gliomas, the most common type of brain tumor, remain refractory to conventional treatment. One potential therapy involves the use of adenoviral vectors (Ad) to deliver Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protein shown to specifically induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, gliomas exhibit resistance to infection by adenovirus. Indeed, the three glioma cell lines investigated, U-118MG, CCF-SSTG1 and U-138MG lacked surface expression of the adenovirus receptor, coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Deceased CAR expression correlated with diminished adenovirus entry into these cells. Recent evidence has demonstrated that peptides containing protein transduction domains (PTDs) enhance adenovirus infectivity. Thus, Ad.EGFP was incubated with a panel of PTDs prior to infection of glioma cells. Measurement of the mean fluorescent intensity and the percent EGFP positive cells revealed that the PTDs promoted viral entry, but in a cell-type dependent manner. A protein transduction peptide comprised of 8 lysines (8K) proved the most effective for enhancing adenoviral infection. However, infection of CCF-SSTG1 cells with adenovirus encoding soluble, trimerized TRAIL (Ad.stTRAIL) pre-incubated with 8K did not greatly induce apoptosis. In an attempt to circumvent resistance to TRAIL, Ad.stTRAIL was pre-incubated with a fusion peptide containing 8K and first 34 amino acids of Smac (Smac34-8K). This region of Smac has been demonstrated to enhance TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. Smac34-8K significantly enhanced Ad.stTRAIL-induced apoptosis in CCF-SSTG1 cells, likely by increasing both virus infectivity and TRAIL action. These results demonstrate that the combination of pro-apoptotic cell permeable peptides with adenovirus expressing therapeutic proteins may be an effective strategy in the fight against cancer.
Mediastinal Emphysema in Diabetic Coma
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1969)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The report of four cases of mediastinal emphysema in diabetic coma (208:2315, 1969) prompts us to present an additional example.Report of a Case:— A 16-year-old white male was admitted because of dyspnea and increasing drowsiness of one day's duration, in addition to progressive nausea and vomiting. The blood pressure was 130/80; pulse rate was 140 beats per minute; respiratory rate was 38; and temperature was 100 F (37.8 C). The patient was well developed and well nourished, but barely responsive and markedly cyanotic. Kussmaul respirations and flushed facies were evident. The pupils were dilated and the eyeballs were soft on palpation. The breath sounds were harsh but the lungs were otherwise clear. The heart sounds were distant. The abdomen was mildly rigid and no abnormal masses were present.At the time of admission, urinalysis revealed the following values: pH, 5.0; specific gravity, 1.035; glucose, 4+;
More English people are recovering from drug addiction, but recession poses risks
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The training requirements of the individual pathology subjects within laboratory medicine are changing rapidly and there is a trend to earlier specialization. A new training scheme based on a system of 10 modules, each of six months9 duration, is suggested. Six of the modules comprise obligatory specialist training while the remaining four provide an element of choice both in subject matter and timing. This allows the advantages of multidisciplinary training to be retained, despite earlier specialization, since the subjects studied need not necessarily be restricted to the traditional pathology disciplines. The system allows 20% of training time to be devoted to full-time research and has been designed to be attractive to trainees in general medicine. Modular training provides an inherently flexible system which can readily be adapted to future developments in pathology and medicine.
989 BUDESONIDE 3MG TID IS SUPERIOR TO PREDNISONE IN COMBINATION WITH AZATHIOPRINE IN THE TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS
Authors: M.P. Manns, M.J. Bahr, M. Woynarowski, W. Kreisel, R. Oren, R. Günther, R. Hultcrantz, M. Proels, C. Rust, U. Spengler, F. Szalay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A New Instrument for Emergency Cricothyrotomy
Authors: Sergio Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Commercially available cricothyrotomes have certain deficiencies—either the airway lumen is too small or there is an inadequate indication of depth and angle of penetration. Furthermore, for the nonsurgeon, locating and cutting through the cricothyroid membrane can be a most difficult and risky procedure (when the skin over the membrane is tautened to facilitate cutting, the anatomical landmarks are lost and the underlying structures shift). This new instrument was designed to exploit the fact that it is a simple matter to locate anatomical structures with a fine needle (Figure). If you can perform venipuncture, you can put a needle through cricothyroid membrane. Little damage is done and more than one pass is permissible. The needle-knife assembly is built around a 23-gauge needle. It is mounted on a specially modified syringe and, without having to distort the neck, one can easily locate the cricothyroid space and pierce the cricothyroid
Drugs and Operations
Authors: Jack W. Love
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DR. SPODICK has raised a provocative issue. He argues that a double standard exists in the practice of medicine. This double standard provides for rigid control of the safety and efficacy of drug therapy, he writes, but permits unsafe and ineffective surgical procedures to be introduced and practiced. He suggests that much harm results from this purported lack of control over surgical procedures. It is a serious charge that would be of great concern, if it could be supported. However, Spodick uses specious and flawed reasoning to argue his case. A major defect in Spodick's reasoning is his assumption that a meaningful and easy comparison can be drawn between drugs and operations. It is a perfect example of comparing apples with oranges. If his premise were true, he would have a reasonable case to make. Clearly, the meaningful comparison is not between penicillin and gastrectomy as therapeutic entities, but rather
Chiropractic in America: The History of a Medical Alternative
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

It is the position of the medical profession that chiropractic is an unscientific cult whose practitioners lack the necessary training and background to diagnose and treat human disease. December 1966 AMA House of Delegates Resolution (cited on p 133) He's a different kind of doctor, but a doctor just the same, Yet he doesn't have an M.D. as part of his printed name, He spent years of work and study learning what makes people ill, But he doesn't write prescriptions— and he doesn't give one pill. Anonymous (p 138) Chiropractic is one of the most widespread types of alternative medicine available in America. The term "alternative care" is bandied about, appearing on billboards, in health magazines, and in obvious business promotions, yet it eludes precise definition. J. Stuart Moore, an assistant professor of history at Radford University in Radford, Va, has attempted to put into a clearer perspective the history
Oral Miltefosine for Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Shyam Sundar, T.K. Jha, C.P. Thakur, Juergen Engel, Herbert Sindermann, Christina Fischer, Klaus Junge, Anthony Bryceson, Jonathan Berman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

There are 500,000 cases per year of visceral leishmaniasis, which occurs primarily in the Indian subcontinent. Almost all untreated patients die, and all the effective agents have been parenteral. Miltefosine is an oral agent that has been shown in small numbers of patients to have a favorable therapeutic index for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. We performed a clinical trial in India comparing miltefosine with the most effective standard treatment, amphotericin B.
THE EVALUATION AND TESTING OF PSYCHOPHARMACEUTIC DRUGS
Authors: ALAN F. LEVETON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

There is a great current interest in the evaluation and use of psychopharmaceutical agents in the investigation and treatment of mental illness. Clinical investigation of these drugs is made difficult by a number of non-pharmacological factors which can influence the mood and mental status of an individual. The role of the hospital, the patient society, doctor and attendant have been reviewed in order to illustrate their effect on a patient who has become a part of a drug study.
The Release of Intestinal Serotonin in Rats by Nicotine
Authors: Jeremy H. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, 100μg/kg of body weight, administered intravenously in rats produced a maximal depletion of total midjejunal serotonin stores (42%). This depletion was highly significant (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). Maximal depletion of serotonin stores in stomach fundus (SF), pyloric antrum (PA), midjejunum (MJ), and ascending colon (AC) mucosae after 100μg/kg of nicotine administered intravenously as a function of time were: SF, 43% at 15 seconds; PA, 41% at 20 seconds; MJ, 45% at 30 seconds; and AC, 34% at 15 seconds. The fall of these values was highly significant (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). Return to control values was apparent within 30 minutes. Equipotent doses of atropine sulfate and hexamethonium chloride blocked the nicotine response.
HIGH LOADING DOSE (600 MG) VERSUS INTERMEDIATE LOADING DOSE (450 MG) OF CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS IN ASIAN POPULATION
Authors: Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Seung-Woon Rha, Meera Kumari, Ji Young Park, Byoung Geol Choi, Yun Kyung Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
More About Thallium
Authors: Mitchell R. Zavon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  The letter by Solomon Garb, MD, ( JAMA  191 :346 [Jan 25] 1965) commenting on a report on thallium poisoning by Dr. Kingery ( JAMA  189 :849 [Sept 14] 1964) recommends a trial of diphenylthiocarbazone in severe thallium poisoning in man based on its action in dogs. This material, more commonly known as dithizone, has been tried extensively and does not appear to be of any particular value.  Thallotoxicosis was reviewed by Dwayne Reed, MD, et al inThe Journal( 183 :516 [Feb 16] 1963), and an article by Lund who did not recommend its use following his studies in rats because of its known diabetogenic action when injected intravenously was referred to by Reed. However, Chamberlain ( Thallium Poisoning, Pediatrics  22 :1170, 1958) reported on its use in humans. Despite the apparently favorable impression recorded in the Reed article regarding the Chamberlain experience, careful review of the Chamberlain article
The ARIA/EAACI criteria for antihistamines: an assessment of the efficacy, safety and pharmacology of desloratadine
Authors: J. Bousquet, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, G. W. Canonica, W. Fokkens, H. Kim, M. Kowalski, A. Magnan, J. Mullol, P. Van Cauwenberge
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The definition of allergic rhinitis and the classification of its severity and treatment have advanced in recent years following the publication of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact of Asthma (ARIA) document. The ARIA and the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (ARIA/EAACI) have published a set of recommendations that outline the pharmacological and clinical criteria to be met by medications commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods: An international group of experts met to assess the profile of the antihistamine, desloratadine, under the ARIA/EAACI criteria. Data on desloratadine were collected from peer‐reviewed clinical studies and review articles, which were corroborated and augmented by comprehensive public access documents from the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Results and conclusion: Based on this systematic review, it was concluded that the efficacy, safety and pharmacology of desloratadine broadly meet the ARIA/EAACI criteria for antihistamines.
Hypoglycorrhachia in Meningeal Carcinomatosis
Authors: M. McElligott, B. J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Hypoglycrrhacbia in Meningeal CarcinomatosisA low sugar content in non-purulent cerebrospinal fluid is usually regarded as being due to tuberculous meningitis.Berg (1953) described three cases of meningeal gliomatosis with a decreased glucose content in the cerebrospinal fluid and collected from the literature 46 cases of diffuse lepto- meningeal tumour, inicluding melanoma, reticuloses, and sarcoma, in which the sugar estimate was recorded; 33
Schaffer's Diseases of the Newborn
Authors: Paul M. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Certain facets of neonatal medicine change so rapidly that textbooks of neonatology must be revised frequently. This new edition of a standard text has been generally successful in updating understanding of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the newborn. Avery and Taeusch set themselves the goal of presenting strengths and weaknesses of the empirical and experimental underpinnings of newborn care and of pointing out important gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled. They succeed to an extent that is remarkable for a text authored by many. A critical approach is maintained throughout. This book presents sufficient basic information to be of value to medical students and is inclusive and detailed enough to meet most of the needs of house officers and practitioners. No reviewer or reader, however, will agree with all of the editors' and contributors' priorities in a work of this scope. I was disappointed that
Harmonising specialist training in Europe
Authors: J. G W Theis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--As a German junior doctor who has studied and trained in Germany, England, the United States, and Canada, I strongly support Stephen Brearley's general view about the harmonisation of specialist training in Europe.1 Specialist training and medical systems adapt to the requirements of each particular society with its needs, beliefs, and financial potential. Medicine has its place in each society and cannot be separated …
A BINOCULAR LOUPE
Authors: Frank H. Lahey
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The employment of the binocular loupe, illustrated, has been of such service to me that this note is inserted with the idea that it may prove of value to other surgeons. The illustration shows the frame with the magnifying lenses projected before it. In the frame may be inserted lenses that are demanded by the individual surgeon's eyes, and the magnifying lenses advanced before these may be obtained with the magnification of either two or three times normal size. The focal range of the lenses is such that there is a safe distance between the lenses and the operative field, so that contamination of the field is avoided. The lenses have been of particular value to me in searching specimens of thyroid removed for possible parathyroids; these parathyroids to be immediately implanted, as I have suggested, at the time of operation. The lenses have also been of distinct value in
Prenatal Shaping of Behaviour
Authors: F. Moor
Journal: BMJ (1964)

We have had the same difficulties and have tried a number of different com- pounds in an effort to produce a sterile dialysis fluid.We have now tackled the problem with a "Kiil " dialyser by inserting an ultra-violet filter* with minimal resistance to flow and a capacity of 60 litres a minute, between the circulating pump and the dialyser.'A similar circuit could be employed using the Kolff kidney.While the bath is contaminated the dialysing fluid is sterile.At present the bath has bacterial counts greater than 10' organisms per ml., whereas the dialysing fluid is sterile.In a kidney with a more rapid flow of dialysate, such as the Kolff, an actual reduc- tion in the bath bacterial count would also be expected.However, we have not had the opportunity to test this.-Weare, etc.,