tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Complaint against Complaints
Authors: June Bingham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Patient7 January 2003A Complaint against ComplaintsJune BinghamJune BinghamFrom Bronx, NY 10471Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Having just emerged, aged 82, from the Valley of the Shadow, thanks to a just-in-time-ly removal of a cancerous uterus, I am full of bright shiny ideas, most of which are probably worthless. But one, I'm convinced, is not. That is the need to expurgate the word complaint from the medical lexicon for defining reportage by elderly as well as other patients about their symptoms.In this era of health maintenance organizations, with doctors even more hurried than before, and many patients even more cowed than before, the pejorative word complaint further discourages patients from spelling out for their doctor ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Bronx, NY 10471Corresponding Author: June Bingham, 5000 Independence Avenue, Bronx, NY 10471. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySharing qualitative research findings with participants: Study experiences of methodological and ethical dilemmasPhysician as partner or salesman? Shared decision-making in real-time encountersLife on the Receiving End: A Qualitative Analysis of Health Providers??? Illness NarrativesViewpoint: 7 January 2003Volume 138, Issue 1Page: 73-74KeywordsBlood pressureCancer treatmentDiarrheaElderlyFatigueHysterectomySpineSurgeonsSurgeryUterus ePublished: 7 January 2003 Issue Published: 7 January 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
[123I]Iodooctyl fenbufen amide as a SPECT tracer for imaging tumors that over-express COX enzymes
Authors: Ho-Lien Huang, Chun-Nan Yeh, Wei-Yuan Lee, Ying-Cheng Huang, Kang-Wei Chang, Kun-Ju Lin, Shu-Fan Tien, Wen-Chin Su, Ching-Hsiuan Yang, Jenn-Tzong Chen, Wuu-Jyh Lin, Shio-Shio Fan, Chung-Shan Yu
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

This study is concerned with the development of an agent for single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for imaging inflammation and tumor progression. [123I]Iodooctyl fenbufen amide ([123I]IOFA) was prepared from the precursor N-octyl-4-oxo-4-(4′-(trimethylstannyl)biphenyl-4-yl)butanamide with a radiochemical yield of 15%, specific activity of 37 GBq/μmol, and radiochemical purity of 95%. Analysis of the binding of [123I]IOFA to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes by using HPLC and a gel filtration column showed a selectivity ratio of 1:1.3. An assay for the competitive inhibition of substrate transfer showed that IOFA exhibited a comparable IC50 value compared to fenbufen. In the normal rat liver, a lower level and homogeneous pattern of [123I]IOFA radioactivity was observed by SPECT. In contrast, in the rat liver with thioacetamide-induced cholangiocarcinoma, a higher uptake and heterogeneous pattern of [123I]IOFA radioactivity was seen as hot spots in tumor lesions by SPECT imaging. Importantly, elevated COX-1 and COX-2 expressions from immunostaining were found in the bile ducts of tumor rats but not of normal rats. Therefore, [123I]IOFA was found to exhibit the potential for imaging tumors that over-express COX.
Instant Electrocardiography
Authors: JOHN D. CANTWELL, GERALD F. FLETCHER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Instant electrocardiograms before and after physical activity were recorded three times per week for three to six months in ten patients with postmyocardial infarction angina pectoris who engaged in a physical training program. Four patients developed ST-segment depressions of over 2 mm following exercise and one of the four had associated ventricular ectopia. Three other patients had asymptomatic runs of ventricular tachycardia. Two of the latter subsequently developed ventricular fibrillation during moderate physical activity and one subsequently died suddenly at home while engaged in yardwork. Instant electrocardiography represents a simple way to screen for patients prone to exercise-induced arrhythmias. It is felt that the latter should be on antiarrhythmic drugs and be limited to rather light physical activity such as certain flexibility exercises, noncompetitive team sports, and moderately brisk walking.
Perioperative Beta Blockade in Noncardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review for the 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Dallas Duncan, Chileshe Nkonde-Price, Salim S. Virani, Jeffrey B. Washam, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Lee A. Fleisher
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective— To review the literature systematically to determine whether initiation of beta blockade within 45 days prior to noncardiac surgery reduces 30-day cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Methods— PubMed (up to April 2013), Embase (up to April 2013), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (up to March 2013), and conference abstracts (January 2011 to April 2013) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing perioperative beta blockade with inactive control during noncardiac surgery. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated under the random-effects model. We conducted subgroup analyses to assess how the DECREASE-I (Dutch Echocardiographic Cardiac Risk Evaluation Applying Stress Echocardiography), DECREASE-IV, and POISE-1 (Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation) trials influenced our conclusions. Results— We identified 17 studies, of which 16 were RCTs (12 043 participants) and 1 was a cohort study (348 participants). Aside from the DECREASE trials, all other RCTs initiated beta blockade within 1 day or less prior to surgery. Among RCTs, beta blockade decreased nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) (RR: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58 to 0.82) but increased nonfatal stroke (RR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.91), hypotension (RR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.60), and bradycardia (RR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.18 to 3.12). These findings were qualitatively unchanged after the DECREASE and POISE-1 trials were excluded. Effects on mortality rate differed significantly between the DECREASE trials and other trials. Beta blockers were associated with a trend toward reduced all-cause mortality rate in the DECREASE trials (RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.22) but with increased all-cause mortality rate in other trials (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.64). Beta blockers reduced cardiovascular mortality rate in the DECREASE trials (RR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.64) but were associated with trends toward increased cardiovascular mortality rate in other trials (RR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.71). These differences were qualitatively unchanged after the POISE-1 trial was excluded. Conclusions— Perioperative beta blockade started within 1 day or less before noncardiac surgery prevents nonfatal MI but increases risks of stroke, death, hypotension, and bradycardia. Without the controversial DECREASE studies, there are insufficient data on beta blockade started 2 or more days prior to surgery. Multicenter RCTs are needed to address this knowledge gap.
Acetylation as an indicator of risk.
Authors: N P Lang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Aromatic amine acetylation has been recognized for many years as an important metabolic polymorphism in humans because of its relationship to disease. This system serves as a model in risk assessment because of its role in drug and carcinogen activation and detoxification and because of the case with which it is measured. However, possible interactions of NAT1-NAT2 phenotypes or genotypes illustrate the complexity of xenobiotic metabolism pathways. Moreover, the use of such information for risk assessment is further complicated by the association of the rapid phenotype with increased risk in colon cancer and the slow phenotype with increased risk in urinary bladder cancer. Before this biomarker can be effectively utilized as a significant predictor of individual risk, it will be necessary to identify specific sources of aromatic amine exposure and to characterize further the substrate specificity of NAT1 and NAT2 in relation to the multiplicity of enzyme variants occurring in human populations.
Killing of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by activated murine macrophages.
Authors: J Chan, Y Xing, R S Magliozzo, B R Bloom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, yet the mechanisms by which macrophages defend against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have remained obscure. Results from this study show that murine macrophages, activated by interferon gamma, and lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor alpha, both growth inhibit and kill M. tuberculosis. This antimycobacterial effect, demonstrable both in murine macrophage cell lines and in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice, is independent of the macrophage capacity to generate reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Both the ROI-deficient murine macrophage cell line D9, and its ROI-generating, parental line J774.16, expressed comparable antimycobacterial activity upon activation. In addition, the oxygen radical scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, mannitol, and diazabicyclooctane had no effect on the antimycobacterial activity of macrophages. These findings, together with the results showing the relative resistance of M. tuberculosis to enzymatically generated H2O2, suggest that ROI are unlikely to be significantly involved in killing M. tuberculosis. In contrast, the antimycobacterial activity of these macrophages strongly correlates with the induction of the L-arginine-dependent generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI). The effector molecule(s) that could participate in mediating this antimycobacterial function are toxic RNI, including NO, NO2, and HNO2, as demonstrated by the mycobacteriocidal effect of acidified NO2. The oxygen radical scavenger SOD adventitiously perturbs RNI production, and cannot be used to discriminate between cytocidal mechanisms involving ROI and RNI. Overall, our results provide support for the view that the L-arginine-dependent production of RNI is the principal effector mechanism in activated murine macrophages responsible for killing and growth inhibiting virulent M. tuberculosis.
Fingerprint of Cell Metabolism in the Experimentally Observed Interstitial pH and pO2 in Solid Tumors
Authors: Hamid R. Molavian, Mohammad Kohandel, Michael Milosevic, Sivabal Sivaloganathan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Understanding cancer cell metabolism and targeting associated pathways is a field of increasing interest. Helmlinger and colleagues measured average pH and pO2 as functions of distance from a single blood vessel on the micrometer scale. We show that these results provide unique insight into cancer cell metabolism in vivo when combined with an appropriate mathematical model. We calculate pH as a function of distance from a single blood vessel and for a given metabolism while incorporating a single CO2 buffer with effective diffusion constants. By assuming that cancer cell metabolism is dominated by respiration with a smaller component of glycolysis in the normoxic state, by more balanced respiration and glycolysis in the hypoxic state, and by glycolysis alone in the anoxic state, we are able to semiquantitatively derive the experimental results of Helmlinger and colleagues. We also apply our model to glycolysis-impaired metabolism and show that the low pH and high pO2 observed in these tumors may be related to the substantial shift from a respiration-dominated metabolism to one in which glutaminolysis dominates. Based on this, we propose an in vivo experimental measurement of pH in a glycolysis-impaired tumor to validate the modeling results. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9141–7]
Duplication of surgical research presentations
Authors: I C Cameron, J D Beard, M W R Reed
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response.Design: Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study.Setting: Research vaccine evaluation centre at a teaching hospital.Subjects: 100 healthcare workers aged 18-70 years with a history of failure to seroconvert after at least four doses of a licensed hepatitis B vaccine containing the S component.Intervention: Each subject was randomly allocated two doses of 5, 10, 20, or 40 g of a new hepatitis B vaccine two months apart.Main outcome measures: Immunogenicity of the four doses.Seroconversion and seroprotection were defined as an antibody titre > 10 IU/l and > 100 IU/l respectively against an international antibody standard.Results: 69 subjects seroconverted after a single dose of the vaccine.After the booster vaccination one other subject seroconverted, bringing the overall seroconversion rate to 70%.Fifteen subjects given 5 g of vaccine, 19 given 10 g, 16 given 20 g, and 20 given 40 g seroconverted.Seroconversion rates in the four antigen dose groups were 60% (15/25), 76% (19/25), 64% (16/25), and 80% (20/25).After the booster dose there was no significant dose-response effect on the overall seroconversion rate, although the small sample size meant that a clinically important dose-response could not be ruled out. Conclusion:A single dose of 20 g of the vaccine was as effective as two doses of either 40 g or 20 g of this vaccine formulation in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titres.
The psychological implications of injury [proceedings]
Authors: F. H. Sanderson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

The psychological factors vMfiich would render an individual more susceptible to injury have been discussed previously (Sanderson, 1977).The present paper is concerned with the psychological problems that can follow injury and that could prevent or delay recovery.Many sportsmen have few psychological problems stemming from injury but there are however those individuals who become injured and as a result experience psychological problems which are in excess of what one might predict from the overt circumstances.Several interacting factors can have an influence on the intensity of the psychological reaction:- 1.The individual's history of injury.2. The nature of the injury interacting with the type of sport.The interaction is important in that a severe injury alone may not be psychologically too damaging.
Time course of changes in lung mechanics following fetal steroid treatment.
Authors: C J Lanteri, K E Willet, S Kano, A H Jobe, M Ikegami, D H Polk, J P Newnham, R Kohan, R Kelly, P D Sly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We studied the effect of a single-dose, corticosteroid treatment on preterm lambs (gestational age: 128 d). A low, medium, or high betamethasone dose (0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mg/kg) or saline control was administered directly to the fetus by ultrasound-guided intramuscular injection 48 h before delivery. A second group received either the high dose of betamethasome or saline 24 h before delivery. The lambs were delivered at 128 d gestation, anesthetized with ketamine, and ventilated for 50 min. Respiratory system elastance and resistance were measured at 10-min intervals using multiple linear regression analysis of pressure, flow, and volume. Similarly, estimates of lung mechanics were calculated from transpulmonary pressure. The viscoelastic time constant (tau) was calculated by fitting an exponential to the pressure changes occurring after occluding the airway during expiration. Excised lung volume at 40 cm H2O and lung weight were used to calculate specific elastance and resistance correcting for lung size using volume or weight, respectively. Of the 13 lambs in the 48-h high-dose betamethasone group, five developed pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) as did 3 of 11 animals in the high-dose group treated 24 h before delivery. These animals were analyzed separately. The lambs receiving medium- or high-dose (24 and 48 h predelivery) betamethasone had significantly lower elastance and a trend toward lower resistance when compared with the control groups. Ten minutes after delivery, the animals that developed PIE all had elastance values comparable to that of the control animals despite corticosteroid treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sperm Agglutination and Infertility
Authors: Sidney Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  I would like to comment on the recent article by Pacheco-Romero et al (224:849, 1973), dealing with the relationship of spermagglutinating activity and female infertility. I fear that this report may cause some confusion, because we may question the reliability of the exact technics that were used, and also because of the logic of the design and the final interpretation concerning antibody importance. Regarding the interpretation, the most urgent point is that the authors did not include a population group of fertile women, although they did study two groups, namely, a group in whom infertility was of the unexplained variety and another group, in whom the infertility was explainable on some organic basis. They found a similar incidence of positive results in these two groups, and they concluded that the presence of spermagglutinins did not play an important role in female infertility. It might have been preferable
A STUDY OF ALLOGRAFT KIDNEY REJECTION OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN WHOLE ORGAN AND EAR CHAMBER GRAFTS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: J. B. Hobbs, W. J. Cliff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

When portions of adult renal tissue are allografted into the rabbit ear chamber, they usually survive for periods of up to several months (6). When a kidney from the same donor is grafted as a whole organ, the ear chamber grafts then reject with the whole organ in 7 days. During that time serial needle biopsies of the whole organ are compared with the in vivo appearance of the ear chamber grafts. This establishes that the changes occurring in the ear chamber grafts are monitoring the rejection process proceeding in the whole organ grafts. Dramatic vascular changes herald the earliest stages of unmodified rejection. A highly characteristic form of individual discrete platelet adhesion to both endothelium and adherent leukocytes is observed which is associated with the release reaction. At times as many as 20 such discrete platelets are clearly visible in profile in one high-power field. This demonstrates in vivo a mechanism whereby vascular and parenchymal damage may be produced by platelet contents, without previous aggregation or thrombus formation being necessary.
Penetration of normal, damaged and diseased skin — An in vitro study on dendritic core–multishell nanotransporters
Authors: Nesrin Alnasif, Christian Zoschke, Emanuel Fleige, Robert Brodwolf, Alexander Boreham, Eckart Rühl, Katja-Martina Eckl, Hans-Friedrich Merk, Hans Christian Hennies, Ulrike Alexiev, Rainer Haag, Sarah Küchler, Monika Schäfer-Korting
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
TNF and EPO: major players in the innate immune response: their discovery
Authors: Anthony Cerami
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

During the course of evolution, metazoans evolved an innate immune system to protect themselves from invasion by pathogens. Once triggered, this system indiscriminately killed all invaders including bacteria, virally infected cells and parasites in the vicinity.1 This ‘scorched earth’ approach also leads to the death of normal bystander cells of the host; in some cases this damage can be much greater than the volume where the invader is located. The initiation of this innate response is set in motion by immune cells producing and releasing cytokines after recognising pathogen-associated molecular patterns—for example, toll receptor ligands2 and leucine-rich repeats3—as well as endogenous signals such as HMGB1 produced by damaged cells4 interacting with immune competent cells. This latter initiation process can also be set in motion as a result of hypoxia, injury or stress (eg, infarction, trauma, metabolic disturbances) without the presence of an invader, leading to a number of pathological processes that we see today in modern medicine. Two cytokines play major roles in the innate immune response—tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and erythropoietin (EPO). This review will describe their early discovery and their interplay to expand and stop the penumbra of damage.

It is hard today to realise that the role of cytokines in health and disease is a phenomenon that has only been appreciated in the past 30 years. Before that time many different bioactivities were described, but none had been sufficiently characterised to relate a bioactivity with a specific molecular entity. The advent of microsequencing of proteins and cloning of genes allowed, for the first time, the ability to identify a single synthetic protein with a specific biological activity. As it turned out, the recombinant cytokines frequently were found to have many biological activities. This in part explains the disparate names that were given …
Novel 5′ Untranslated Region Variants of <i>BCRP</i> mRNA Are Differentially Expressed in Drug-Selected Cancer Cells and in Normal Human Tissues: Implications for Drug Resistance, Tissue-Specific Expression, and Alternative Promoter Usage
Authors: Takeo Nakanishi, Kimberly J. Bailey-Dell, Bret A. Hassel, Ken Shiozawa, Daniel M. Sullivan, Joel Turner, Douglas D. Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract To investigate transcriptional activation of the breast cancer resistance protein gene (BCRP/ABCG2), we examined the 5′ untranslated region of BCRP mRNA in cell lines with high BCRP transcriptional activity and in normal tissues. Human choriocarcinoma cells with high endogenous BCRP expression (JAR and BeWo) and human cancer cells (MCF-7 and Igrov1) and their BCRP-overexpressing, drug-selected, multidrug-resistant derivatives (MCF-7/AdrVp, Igrov1/MX3, and Igrov1/T8) were studied. Rapid amplification of 5′-cDNA ends-PCR (5′RACE-PCR) revealed at least three novel forms of the untranslated exon 1 (E1a, E1b, and E1c) that are spliced to a common exon 2, with differential expression of these splice variants in the drug-selected cell lines. Additionally, sequence analysis of the 5′RACE-PCR products revealed multiple transcriptional start sites for each variant, particularly in the drug-selected cells. The E1c isoform predominated in drug-selected MCF-7 cell lines and was translated more efficiently in MCF-7 cells than the E1a isoform. Varying patterns of expression of the exon 1 isoforms were observed in a variety of human tissues, suggesting that tissue-specific alternative promoters of BCRP exist. In summary, we find that BCRP overexpression in the drug-selected cells is accompanied by multiple transcriptional start sites and predominance of the more efficiently translated E1c isoform. The exon 1 variation we observe suggests that alternative promoters of the BCRP gene exist. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5007-11)