tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter to a daughter: On the imminent death of a child
Authors: J. Black
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An undated letter from Jean-Henri Fabre to his daughter on learning of the imminent death of her child 

My dear Claire,

Every day I have been waiting, and hoping that the little invalid had improved. And then I receive this distressing letter. At the extremity of life, you tell me. Let us not lose hope yet; no doctor has ever been infallible.

Though not yet giving up hope, I share deeply your pain and sorrow, and knowing you, they must be very great. Such a catastrophe strikes at the very basis of life. Yes, you are undoubtedly right, it …
Imbalance of CD45R and CDw29 helper cell subsets after seven days of culture from penicillin hypersensitive patients
Authors: T. Perez, J.‐P. Girard, E. Dayer
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Specific PBMC proliferation to penicillin represents one of the in vitro diagnostic procedures to show antigenic sensitization. Nine patients with suggestive clinical history of penicillin hypersensitivity, significant stimulation index in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), and increased CD25 expression were selected. Their phenotypic expression of T-cell subset markers was compared with that of six normal subjects after 7 days of culture. Higher percentages of CD45R and CDw29 positive cells were found in penicillin-hypersensitive patients. This group of patients showed a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher percentage of CD45R positive cells compared with normal subjects, after 7 days of culture. The percentage of CD45R cells did not differ between patients and normal subjects at day 0, and the progressive decrease of CD45R positive cells in culture of normal subjects was not observable in our patients. These results suggest that the patients with penicillin hypersensitivity have an imbalance of CD45R/CDw29 ratio after 7 days of culture, with a higher expression of CD45R positive cells.
NEW FORCEPS FOR REMOVAL OF IMPACTED URETERAL CALCULUS
Authors: W. Calhoun Stirling
Journal: JAMA (1927)

As a result of the improvements in urography made in the last few years, an increasingly large number of impacted ureteral calculi are being reported in the literature. It has been conservatively estimated that at least 90 per cent of all ureteral calculi may de demonstrated by careful roentgenography plus contrast pyelo-ureterography. In calculi that are deficient in lime salts and therefore possess poor shadow casting properties, a wax-bulb catheter may be used to corroborate the other observations. Approximately 75 per cent of ureteral stones become impacted in the lower segment of the ureter, and it is this location that is most difficult to reach surgically. While the mortality from ureterolithotomy is low, the morbidity is less conducive to operative intervention except in those cases in which the ureter is blocked and the patient is very toxic. Various nonoperative methods have been tried in removing these impacted
T-gamma gene rearrangement and CMV mononucleosis
Authors: Paul Mathew, S. David Hudnall, M. Tarek Elghetany, Deborah A. Payne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A clonal T-gamma rearrangement was found in peripheral blood and bone marrow in a 57-year-old female who presented with 6-week history of fevers, night sweats, and weight loss. Splenomegaly, hemolytic anemia, atypical lymphocytosis, a marrow lymphoid aggregate, and elevated LDH had suggested lymphoproliferative disease. However, IgM serology for cytomegalovirus (CMV) was positive. With observation alone, her clinical features improved over 4 weeks with normalization of the blood count and disappearance of CMV viremia and the aberrant T-gamma clone. Acute CMV infection may mimic lymphoproliferative disease. T-gamma gene rearrangement may be part of the immune response to CMV infection and is not specific to lymphoid neoplasia. Am. J. Hematol. 66:64–66, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Upregulation of PD-1 Antagonizes Immunity to HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Falguni Parikh, Dorothée Duluc, Naoko Imai, Amelia Clark, Krzys Misiukiewicz, Marcello Bonomi, Vishal Gupta, Alexis Patsias, Michael Parides, Elizabeth G. Demicco, David Y. Zhang, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Johnny Kao, Sacha Gnjatic, Sangkon Oh, Marshall R. Posner, Andrew G. Sikora
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

While viral antigens in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (HPVOPC) are attractive targets for immunotherapy, the effects of existing standard-of-care therapies on immune responses to HPV are poorly understood. We serially sampled blood from patients with stage III-IV oropharyngeal cancer undergoing concomitant chemoradiotherapy with or without induction chemotherapy. Circulating immunocytes including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were profiled by flow cytometry. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were measured in response to HPV16 E6 and E7 peptide pools. The role of PD-1 signaling in treatment-related immunosuppression was functionally defined by performing HPV-specific T-cell assays in the presence of blocking antibody. While HPV-specific T-cell responses were present in 13 of 18 patients before treatment, 10 of 13 patients lost these responses within 3 months after chemoradiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy decreased circulating T cells and markedly elevated MDSCs. PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells increased by nearly 2.5-fold after chemoradiotherapy, and ex vivo culture with PD-1-blocking antibody enhanced HPV-specific T-cell responses in 8 of 18 samples tested. Chemoradiotherapy suppresses circulating immune responses in patients with HPVOPC by unfavorably altering effector:suppressor immunocyte ratios and upregulating PD-1 expression on CD4(+) T cells. These data strongly support testing of PD-1-blocking agents in combination with standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy for HPVOPC.
PSRO — On the Way, but to Where?
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

PSRO — On the Way, but to Where?There was a flicker of the old rhetorical wrath last month as the American Medical Association and some of its ideological allies fulminated in Congress against the ongoing implementation of the law that calls for federally subsidized medical services to be scrutinized by local panels of physicians organized into Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSRO's). But since a major federal presence in health care has become as much a part of government as the memo in triplicate, it was evident that we were being treated more to make-play than to serious deliberations that . . .
243 REDOX-DEPENDENT INDUCTION OF EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION AND INCREASED INVASIVENESS BY ONCOSTATIN M IN HEPATIC CANCER CELLS
Authors: C. Paternostro, S. Caimito, E. Novo, C. Busletta, D. Povero, E. David, S. Colombatto, M. Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Treatment of Progressive Membranous Glomerulopathy
Authors: Ronald J. Falk, Susan L. Hogan, Keith E. Muller, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To determine if deterioration in renal function could be ameliorated by adding cyclophosphamide to corticosteroid therapy in patients with progressive membranous glomerulopathy.Randomized, controlled treatment trial. Patients were followed for a mean of 29.2 +/- 17.1 months.Collaborative network of 120 university and private-practice nephrologists.Patients with membranous glomerulopathy whose renal function deteriorated (as evidenced by doubling of the serum creatinine level, a 50% fall in the glomerular filtration rate, or a sustained serum creatinine level of greater than 2.0 mg/dL [reciprocal creatinine value, 0.5], or whose nephrotic range proteinuria persisted in association with morbid complications. Of 156 patients with biopsy-proven membranous glomerulopathy, 36 became eligible for randomization. Twenty-six of these 36 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatments.Pulse methylprednisolone, oral corticosteroids, and 6 months of intravenous cyclophosphamide or alternate-day corticosteroid therapy alone.At entry, no statistical differences were found between the treatment groups in duration of renal disease, age, gender, serum creatinine level, 24-hour urine protein excretion, or biopsy stage. The groups showed no difference in mean arterial blood pressure during follow-up. Four of the 13 patients receiving corticosteroids alone and 4 of the 13 patients receiving corticosteroids plus intravenous cyclophosphamide progressed to end-stage renal disease during follow-up. Reciprocal creatinine values tested at 6-month intervals showed no statistical differences between treatment groups at any time point. The log of the 24-hour protein excretion values showed no statistical differences between treatment groups after treatment. The power to detect a substantial improvement in renal function, defined as a doubling of the reciprocal of the serum creatinine, at the 0.05 significance level was 0.92.Combination therapy with intravenous cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, when compared with corticosteroid therapy alone, does not improve renal function in patients with progressive membranous glomerulopathy.
21 TWO YEARS SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) IN PATIENTS WITH HBV-INDUCED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Buti, S. Hadziyannis, P. Mathurin, P. Urbanek, M. Sherman, S. Strasser, C. Wang, J. Petersen, E.J. Heathcote, P. Marcellin, J. Sorbel, E. Mondou, J. Anderson, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hodgkin's Disease — New Insights from Immunoglobulin Genetics
Authors: Freda K. Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease are among the major advances in clinical oncology, but these successes have not been matched by progress in identifying the target cell. Further improvements in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, perhaps involving biologic manipulation, could result from a better definition of the cell of origin.1 One reason that the diagnostic cell of Hodgkin's disease, the Reed–Sternberg cell, remains enigmatic is the heterogeneity of Hodgkin's disease, which is evident histologically and by immunophenotypic analysis.2 Reed–Sternberg cells have been variously identified as B or T lymphocytes, lymphocytes of uncommitted lineage, monocytes, dendritic cells, and even as . . .
Aging and Endothelial Function in Normotensive Subjects and Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Stefano Taddei, Agostino Virdis, Paola Mattei, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Alessandra Gennari, Ciro Basile Fasolo, Isabella Sudano, Antonio Salvetti
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Experimental data from normotensive and hypertensive animals indicate that aging is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, and this possibility appears to be confirmed in the human coronary artery. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of age on endothelial responsiveness in the forearm vessels of either normotensive control subjects or essential hypertensive patients.Within the normotensive or hypertensive group (n = 53 and n = 57, respectively), subjects were selected with similar blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and glucose values, and hypercholesterolemic subjects, diabetics, and smokers were excluded. We evaluated forearm blood flow (by strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 micrograms/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 micrograms/100 mL per minute), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Acetylcholine caused a dose-dependent vasodilation that was significantly (P < .01) lower in essential hypertensive patients than in normotensive control subjects. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and patient age in both normotensive (r = -.86, P < .001) and hypertensive (r = -.85, P < .001) patients. In contrast, vasodilation to sodium nitroprusside was similar in normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients with a poorer inverse correlation with patient age (normotensive control subjects, r = -.37; hypertensive patients, r = -.36) compared with acetylcholine.The present data indicate that there is a blunted response to acetylcholine with advancing age in both normotensive control subjects and essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that aging is associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans.
ADHERENCE TO THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION / AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY - 2009 APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR CARDIAC NUCLEAR IMAGING BY CARDIOLOGIST AND NON-CARDIOLOGIST IN A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL SETTING
Authors: Shanmugam Uthamalingam, Imad Ahmado, James Flynn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Value of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with myocardial infarction, aggressively treated with thrombolysis or acute PTCA
Authors: Leo H.B. Baur, Johan J. Schipperheyn, Edo van der Velde, Amoud van der Laarse, Johan H.C. Reiber, Albert V.G. Bruschke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
What Is the Value of the 21 Gene Recurrence Score in HER2-Negative Patients?
Authors: Martin Rosman, W. Charles Mylander, Lorraine Tafra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

validating the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) in a subpopulation of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) study.The authors evaluated patients in this study who had hormone receptor-positive disease, who received single-agent therapy, and whose tissue blocks were available for RNA extraction.Using these data, they constructed Kaplan-Meier curves and performed Cox proportional hazards regression models demonstrating significance of the RS in predicting distant recurrence in the patient group.The authors conclude that RS adds information to "that provided by standard measures such as nodal status, patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade."It is concerning that the authors did not address the impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in their analysis because the choice of treatment options is most difficult for patients with HER2-negative disease.To be truly useful to the clinician, the analysis should demonstrate that the RS adds information once patients with HER2-positive disease are removed from the analysis.A previous study by Dowsett et al 2 on a superset of the same group of patients showed that 10.5% had HER2-positive disease and had a much worse recurrence rate (both those with node-positive and nodenegative disease).In fact, the recurrence rate for patients with HER2positive disease compared with those in the HER2-negative group is more than twice as high at the 5-year end point, 2p1061 a shorter time frame than that of the current analysis.Because the data on patients with HER2-positive disease are readily available to the authors, it would have significantly strengthened their conclusion that the RS is prognostic in the HER2-negative subgroup of patients.Data for the earlier analysis indicated 44 recurrences in the HER2-positive group, 2p1061 which may extrapolate to as many as 30 recurrences in the current study.Because this would be a sizable percentage of the total of 146 distant recurrences recorded (Fig 1 in Dowsett et al 1 ), it is very possible that RS adds little new information in patients with HER2negative pathology.Most oncologists currently consider patients with HER2-positive disease as having a poor prognosis if left untreated and therefore will not order Oncotype DX nor use Adjuvant!Online (version 8) for these patients.The patients that remain most challenging are those who have node-negative, hormone receptor-positive, and HER2-negative disease.It is in this group of patients that a test such as the Oncotype DX may be of greatest value.Therefore, the test should be validated in this subgroup to establish its clinical utility.The authors have these data available to them, and we look forward to their conclusions from Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves once the patients with HER2-positive disease are removed.
Dynamic obstruction of the external iliac artery in endurance athletes and its relationship to endothelial function: the case of a long distance runner
Authors: I A Wright, N D Pugh, J Goodfellow, A M Wood, I F Lane, A G Fraser
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

There have been recent reports of exercise induced claudication in endurance trained athletes attributed to narrowing of the external iliac artery. Most patients have been competitive cyclists, and intimal hyperplasia has been cited as the cause. The case is reported here of a long distance runner who presented with similar symptoms.
Gastric morphology and serum gastrin levels in pernicious anaemia.
Authors: K J Lewin, F Dowling, J P Wright, K B Taylor
Journal: Gut (1976)

Mucosal biopsies from multiple sites in the stomachs of 21 patients with pernicious anaemia have been examined. The histological changes almost always involved the entire gastric mucosa, including that of the pyloric antrum. Metaplastic changes were almost universal and consisted of intestinal metaplasia in the body and antrum and pyloric metaplasia in the body. The severity of the pyloric metaplasia was such as to make the distinction between body and antrum on biopsy impossible. No relationship was found between serum gastrin activity and the histological appearances of the gastric antrum or body.
Epicardial vasomotor responses to acetylcholine are not predicted by coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by intracoronary ultrasound
Authors: Rick A. Nishimura, Amir Lerman, James H. Chesebro, Duane M. Ilstrup, David O. Hodge, Stuart T. Higano, David R. Holmes, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Retinotectal maps: molecules, models and misplaced data
Authors: Geoffrey J. Goodhill, Linda J. Richards
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1999)

The mechanisms underlying the formation of topographic maps in the retinotectal system have long been debated. Recently, members of the Eph and ephrin receptor–ligand family have been found to provide a molecular substrate for one type of mechanism, that of chemospecific gradient matching, as proposed by Sperry. However, experiments over several decades have demonstrated that there is more to map formation than gradient matching. This article briefly reviews the old and new findings, argues that these two types of data must be properly integrated in order to understand map formation fully, and suggests some experimental and theoretical ways to begin this process.
Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD
Authors: J Allaire
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Based on previously reported changes in muscle metabolism that could increase susceptibility to fatigue, we speculated that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced quadriceps endurance and that this will be correlated with the proportion of type I muscle fibres and with the activity of oxidative enzymes.The endurance of the quadriceps was evaluated during an isometric contraction in 29 patients with COPD (mean (SE) age 65 (1) years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second 37 (3)% predicted) and 18 healthy subjects of similar age. The electrical activity of the quadriceps was recorded during muscle contraction as an objective index of fatigue. The time at which the isometric contraction at 60% of maximal voluntary capacity could no longer be sustained was used to define time to fatigue (Tf). Needle biopsies of the quadriceps were performed in 16 subjects in both groups to evaluate possible relationships between Tf and markers of muscle oxidative metabolism (type I fibre proportion and citrate synthase activity).Tf was lower in patients with COPD than in controls (42 (3) v 80 (7) seconds; mean difference 38 seconds (95% CI 25 to 50), p<0.001). Subjects in both groups had evidence of electrical muscle fatigue at the end of the endurance test. In both groups significant correlations were found between Tf and the proportion of type I fibres and citrate synthase activity.Isometric endurance of the quadriceps muscle is reduced in patients with COPD and the muscle oxidative profile is significantly correlated with muscle endurance.
FDG Uptake in Cervical Facet Subchondral Cysts Demonstrated by PET/CT
Authors: Eugene Lin, Paul Sicuro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in facet joints related to degenerative disease has been previously described. However, FDG uptake in subchondral cysts is the subject of this report. We describe 2 cases of intense focal FDG uptake in subchondral cysts in the cervical facets seen on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) exams. The location of these cysts immediately adjacent to the facet joints and the presence of associated facet joint degenerative changes are helpful in distinguishing this uptake from metastatic disease or other bone lesions.
Association of a functional variant downstream of TNFAIP3 with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Indra Adrianto, Feng Wen, Amanda Templeton, Graham Wiley, Jarrod B King, Christopher J Lessard, Jared S Bates, Yanqing Hu, Jennifer A Kelly, Kenneth M Kaufman, Joel M Guthridge, Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Sang-Cheol Bae, So-Young Bang, Susan A Boackle, Elizabeth E Brown, Michelle A Petri, Caroline Gallant, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, John D Reveille, Luis M Vila, Lindsey A Criswell, Jeffrey C Edberg, Barry I Freedman, Peter K Gregersen, Gary S Gilkeson, Chaim O Jacob, Judith A James, Diane L Kamen, Robert P Kimberly, Javier Martin, Joan T Merrill, Timothy B Niewold, So-Yeon Park, Bernardo A Pons-Estel, R Hal Scofield, Anne M Stevens, Betty P Tsao, Timothy J Vyse, Carl D Langefeld, John B Harley, Kathy L Moser, Carol F Webb, Mary Beth Humphrey, Courtney Gray Montgomery, Patrick M Gaffney
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)