tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety of vulnerable children could be put at risk
Authors: D. Low, J. Pettitt
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ahead of the implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination programme, the interdisciplinary Coronavax research team developed a multicomponent mixed methods project to support successful roll-out of the COVID-19 vaccine in Western Australia. This project seeks to analyse community attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine access and information needs. We also study how government incorporates research findings into the vaccination programme. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The Coronavax protocol employs an analytical social media study, and a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with purposively selected community groups. Participant groups currently include healthcare workers, aged care workers, first responders, adults aged 65+ years, adults aged 30–64 years, young adults aged 18–29 years, education workers, parents/guardians of infants and young children (&lt;5 years), parents/guardians of children aged 5–18 years with comorbidities and parents/guardians who are hesitant about routine childhood vaccines. The project also includes two studies that track how Australian state and Commonwealth (federal) governments use the study findings. These are functional dialogues (translation and discussion exercises that are recorded and analysed) and evidence mapping of networks within government (which track how study findings are used). <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethics approval has been granted by the Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and the University of Western Australia HREC. Study findings will be disseminated by a series of journal articles, reports to funders and stakeholders, and invited and peer-reviewed presentations.
A Double-Blind Study of Azaribine in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: WILLIAM R. VOGLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A double-blind study of the effect of 6-azauridine triacetate (azaribine) in psoriasis was conducted. One group received azaribine in a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight per day for 6 weeks. The second group received placebo. Patients who failed to improve or relapsed were switched to the other group (studies A and B). Responses were judged as follows: excellent (complete clearing of lesions), good (75% reduction in size and thickness of lesions), fair (50% reduction in size and thickness of lesions), no improvement, and worse. After the double-blind study 11 patients were treated with azaribine in a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight per day for 12 weeks (study C). Nine were then treated with optimal dose (study D). Twenty-two patients completed studies A and B. The responses to azaribine were 5, excellent; 11, good; 2, fair; 1, no improvement; and 3, worse. The responses to placebo were 0, excellent; 2, good; 2, fair; 1 no improvement; and 17, worse. The responses in study C were 1, excellent; 7, good; and 3, fair; and in study D there were 7 good and 2 fair. Mild marrow depression was the only toxicity observed.
Acute glutethimide poisoning. Conservative management of 31 patients
Authors: N. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Glutethimide poisoning occurred in 31 patients. They were treated by intensive supportive therapy; no patient was treated with hemodialysis. The overall mortality of 3% (one) in this series compares favorably with that of other series. It is concluded that hemodialysis is not essential in the management of severely poisoned patients.
Effect of in vitro organic nitrate tolerance on relaxation, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation by glyceryl trinitrate and the enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate.
Authors: B M Bennett, H Schröder, L D Hayward, S A Waldman, F Murad
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Previously, it was shown that the D enantiomer of isoidide dinitrate was 10-fold more potent than the L enantiomer and 10-fold less potent than glyceryl trinitrate for stimulating cyclic GMP accumulation and relaxation of isolated rat aorta. In the present study, these organic nitrates were tested for their ability to induce tolerance to organic nitrate-induced relaxation, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation in rat aorta in vitro. To compensate for the differences in vasodilator potency, tolerance was induced by incubating isolated rat aorta with concentrations of organic nitrates 1,000-fold greater than the EC50 for relaxation. Under these conditions, the EC50 for relaxation was increased significantly for each organic nitrate and to a similar degree on subsequent reexposure. These data suggest that the potential for inducing in vitro tolerance to relaxation was the same for the three organic nitrates tested. When activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by these compounds was assessed, the enantiomers of isoidide dinitrate were equipotent, but less potent than glyceryl trinitrate, suggesting that the site of enantioselectivity is not guanylate cyclase itself. In blood vessels made tolerant to organic nitrates by pretreatment with glyceryl trinitrate, vasodilator activity, cyclic GMP accumulation, and guanylate cyclase activation were attenuated on reexposure to each organic nitrate. In addition, differences in the potency of the three organic nitrates and the enantioselectivity of isoidide dinitrate for relaxation were abolished in tolerant tissue, whereas the potency difference between glyceryl trinitrate and isoidide dinitrate for activation of guanylate cyclase was unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcium delivery and time: factors affecting the progression of cellular damage during the calcium paradox in the rat heart
Authors: J. E BAKER, B. H KEMMENOE, D. J HEARSE, G. R BULLOCK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Using an isolated rat heart preparation we have investigated the influence of calcium delivery and time upon the induction of cellular injury during the calcium paradox. Hearts were subjected to 10 min of calcium depletion. This was followed by calcium repletion for up to 20 min during which time the calcium concentration in the perfusate was varied between 0.025 and 1.00 mmol·litre−1. For the lowest calcium repletion concentration, cumulative leakage of creatine kinase activity was small and linear with time over the 20 min repletion period, and relatively few damaged cells were observed, these being situated around coronary vessels. For calcium concentrations of 0.05 mmol·litre−1 and above the progression of structural injury was dependent on both increasing calcium concentration and time. After 1 min of repletion with 0.10 mmol calcium·litre−1 the percentage damaged cells was 2%, this sharply increased to 95% after 10 min of repletion but without a parallel increase in the profile for creatine kinase leakage. For calcium repletion at 0.05 mmol·litre−1 morphological injury was shown to be highly heterogeneous both within and between hearts. Uniform cellular damage (ie >95%) in the concentration range 0.25 to 1.00 mmol calcium·litre−1 was only seen after 10 min of calcium readmission. Maximal cumulative creatine kinase activity only occurred after 15 to 20 min of repletion with 0.50 and 1.00 mmol calcium·litre−1. Our results show calcium delivery and time can both modulate the progression of cellular injury and allow a dissociation between indices of tissue damage.
Medium dose rate endobronchial radiotherapy with caesium-137.
Authors: P J George, J M Hadley, B S Mantell, R M Rudd
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Endobronchial radiotherapy has considerable potential as a palliative treatment in patients with tracheobronchial malignancy.Placing of a suitable radioactive source adjacent to an endobronchial tumour enables high doses of radiation to be delivered locally with negligible doses to surrounding normal tissues."5The aim of treatment is to obtain long lasting relief from endobronchial obstruction while avoiding appreciable radiation damage to lung paren- chyma.The most sophisticated techniques use high activity radioactive sources that are loaded by remote control into prepositioned catheters within the airway."'Facilities for delivering this form of treatment, however, are available in only a few centres in the United Kingdom.We have developed a method for delivering medium dose rate endobronchial radiotherapy using caesium-137 (13"Cs).This technique uses standard equipment used to treat gynaeco- logical malignancy and has the advantage of being readily available.The method and our preliminary results are reported in this paper.
How Common Is The Phenotype Reflected By “The Atopic March”? Results At Two Years Of Age In a General Risk Multi-Racial Birth Cohort
Authors: Christine Cole Johnson, Suzanne Havstad, Dennis Ownby, Christine L.M. Joseph, Haejin Kim, Kimberley J. Woodcroft, Edward M. Zoratti, Ganesa Wegienka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Highly efficient gene delivery by mRNA electroporation in human hematopoietic cells: superiority to lipofection and passive pulsing of mRNA and to electroporation of plasmid cDNA for tumor antigen loading of dendritic cells
Authors: Viggo F. I. Van Tendeloo, Peter Ponsaerts, Filip Lardon, Griet Nijs, Marc Lenjou, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Dirk R. Van Bockstaele, Zwi N. Berneman
Journal: Blood (2001)
The Watson-Schwartz Test
Authors: Michael B. Corbett
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Watson-Schwartz test for porphobilinogen is an excellent, simple screening procedure for porphyria and certainly its use should be considered in any patient with a history of abdominal pain, constipation, obscure neurological disorder, mental disturbance, multiple abdominal operations, or dark urine. The porphyrias are a group of inherited disorders of porphyrin metabolism (Table) manifested chemically by an increased excretion of the porphyrins and their precursors or both. Porphyrins are normally synthesized from glycine and succinic acid which combine to yield α-amino-β-ketoadiptic acid. Decarboxylation results in δ-aminolevulinic acid. Two molecules of δ-aminolevulinic acid condense, forming the monopyrolle, porphobilinogen. Four molecules of porphobilinogen condense producing the various tetrapyrolle porphyrinogens (copro-, uro-, protoporphyrinogen), the reduced, colorless precursors of the porphyrins.<sup>1</sup>Porphyrins linked to metal and protein constitute the important biological compounds: hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome, and catalase. <h3>Varieties of Porphyria.—</h3> <i>Porphyria Erythropoietica</i>. —Inherited as an autosomal recessive, it accounts for only 3% of
The current status of psychological debriefing
Authors: J. Kenardy
Journal: BMJ (2000)

It may do more harm than good 

Papers p 1043 

Despite the widespread use of psychological debriefing, serious concerns have been raised about its effectiveness and potential to do harm. 1 2 Psychological debriefing is broadly defined as a set of procedures including counselling and the giving of information aimed at preventing psychological morbidity and aiding recovery after a traumatic event. In 1995 Raphael and colleagues emphasised that there was an urgent need for reliable evidence from randomised controlled trials on the impact and worth of debriefing.3 Unfortunately, the news has not been good for debriefing.

Debriefing is generally applied within the first few days after a traumatic event, lasts one to three hours, and usually includes procedures that encourage and normalise emotional expression. Debriefing can also be more narrowly defined in terms of the procedures used, the information provided and the target population. One example …
Successful treatment regime for folliculitis decalvans despite uncertainty of all aetiological factors
Authors: J. Powell, R.P.R. Dawber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Successful treatment regime for folliculitis decalvans despite uncertainty of all aetiological factors Get access J. Powell, J. Powell Department of Dermatology, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Trust, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. Dawber R.P.R. Dawber Department of Dermatology, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Trust, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 428–429, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04048.x Published: 01 February 2001
Recovery of Kidney After Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: John B. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1962)

URETERAL OBSTRUCTION damages the kidney roughly in proportion to the degree and duration of obstruction. The length of time that a human kidney will tolerate complete obstruction and still recover useful function is unknown. Thirty-three days is the longest period found in a brief survey of the literature. The following case report indicates that useful function may return as long as 6½ weeks after obstruction. Report of a Case A 48-year-old nulliparous woman had a mesonephric papillary cystadenocareinoma of the left ovary treated by bilateral oophorectomy on Jan. 20, 1961. All of the gross tumor was removed, and she was referred to Roswell Park Memorial Institute for possible further treatment. On admission she had no symptoms except hot flashes. Studies were entirely negative, aside from a 4-cm. mass in the left paracervical area and a nonfunctioning left kidney demonstrated by intravenous pyelography on Feb. 24 (Fig. 1). A laparotomy on March
Complications and limitations of injection sclerotherapy in portal hypertension.
Authors: N D Heaton, E R Howard
Journal: Gut (1993)

Injection sclerotherapy is now the accepted first line treatment for bleeding oesophageal varices, although it is associated with an impressive list of rare complications. The main problem concerns the strategy for uncontrollable or recurrent bleeding. Patients with uncontrolled bleeding may be referred for surgery after considerable blood loss and are then extremely difficult to assess. The effects of blood loss on liver function can lead to an unduly pessimistic assessment of liver status. An effective choice of emergency surgical procedure may require considerable surgical expertise. Oesophageal transection and devascularisation are satisfactory for many patients with oesophageal varices secondary to cirrhosis and should nearly always control bleeding. Difficulties arise in patients who are grossly obese and in those who have undergone extensive surgery in the upper abdomen. Problems may also be encountered in those treated by repeated sclerotherapy, which may have caused severe inflammatory change and thickening around the lower oesophagus and upper stomach. We believe that an emergency mesocaval shunt using either a vein graft or a synthetic material such as polytetrafluoroethylene is the procedure of choice for this difficult group of very sick patients. The surgical exposure is satisfactory and not unduly prolonged in even the largest patients and the technique does not interfere with any subsequent transplant operation. There is a greater choice in the management of the patient with less urgent bleeding from recurrent varices after sclerotherapy. Repeat sclerotherapy may be effective for small oesophageal varices while liver transplantation may be indicated in the patient with deteriorating liver function. A selective distal splenorenal shunt should be considered for patients with intact splenic and left renal veins and a mesocaval vein graft for the remainder. We would therefore suggest that surgery should still be considered for the management of portal hypertension, particularly in the following circumstances: (1) Uncontrollable bleeding during the initial course of sclerotherapy; (2) Life threatening haemorrhage from recurrent varices; (3) Bleeding from ectopic varices not accessible to sclerotherapy; (4) Uncontrollable bleeding from oesophageal ulceration secondary to injection sclerotherapy; (5) Severe, symptomatic hypersplenism; (6) For patients who live in communities remote from blood transfusion facilities and adequate medical care. The management of the complications of portal hypertension continues to pose problems. We believe that the best results should come from a combined management approach using injection sclerotherapy as primary treatment and surgery for complications and for haemorrhage from unusual anatomical sites.
GC-Biased Gene Conversion and Selection Affect GC Content in the Oryza Genus (rice)
Authors: Aline Muyle, Laurana Serres-Giardi, Adrienne Ressayre, Juan Escobar, Sylvain Glémin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Base composition varies among and within eukaryote genomes. Although mutational bias and selection have initially been invoked, more recently GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) has been proposed to play a central role in shaping nucleotide landscapes, especially in yeast, mammals, and birds. gBGC is a kind of meiotic drive in favor of G and C alleles, associated with recombination. Previous studies have also suggested that gBGC could be at work in grass genomes. However, these studies were carried on third codon positions that can undergo selection on codon usage. As most preferred codons end in G or C in grasses, gBGC and selection can be confounded. Here we investigated further the forces that might drive GC content evolution in the rice genus using both coding and noncoding sequences. We found that recombination rates correlate positively with equilibrium GC content and that selfing species (Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima) have significantly lower equilibrium GC content compared with more outcrossing species. As recombination is less efficient in selfing species, these results suggest that recombination drives GC content. We also detected a positive relationship between expression levels and GC content in third codon positions, suggesting that selection favors codons ending with G or C bases. However, the correlation between GC content and recombination cannot be explained by selection on codon usage alone as it was also observed in noncoding positions. Finally, analyses of polymorphism data ruled out the hypothesis that genomic variation in GC content is due to mutational processes. Our results suggest that both gBGC and selection on codon usage affect GC content in the Oryza genus and likely in other grass species.
Weight Gain after Cessation of Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Robert M. Carney, Andrew P. Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Cigarette smokers weigh less than nonsmokers and gain weight when they stop smoking. Increased activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue in some smokers may represent a compensatory response to their reduced body weight. Consequently, we hypothesized that the enzyme's activity may be related to the rate at which smokers gain weight when they stop smoking. To test this hypothesis, we measured body weight and fasting lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue in 15 cigarette smokers before they stopped smoking. The changes in body weight during the first two weeks of abstinence were correlated with the base-line lipase activity in these smokers (r = 0.82, P less than 0.0002). This relation remained significant in the 12 subjects who were still abstinent at three weeks (r = 0.63, P less than 0.03). These results suggest that lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue has a counterregulatory role in the maintenance of body weight and adipose-tissue mass in smokers. The higher the level of lipase activity when the weight-reducing influences of cigarettes cease, the greater the rate at which weight is gained during the first three weeks of abstinence.
Equal Protection of the Law: Pregnant School Teachers
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

ARE there good health and safety reasons for preventing pregnant women from continuing to work as school teachers in public schools after the fourth or fifth month of pregnancy?Two different Federal District Courts confronted with this question in May of this year came up with opposite conclusions. The District Court for Eastern Virginia found such a school-board regulation preventing all teachers from working beyond the fifth month to be unconstitutional as an unreasonable and arbitrary discrimination against such women.1 The Federal District Court for Northern Ohio, on the other hand, found reasonable and valid a regulation of the Cleveland . . .
Role of renal sympathetic nerves in lambs during the transition from fetal to newborn life.
Authors: F G Smith, B A Smith, E N Guillery, J E Robillard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To determine the role of renal sympathetic nerves in influencing renal function during the transition from fetal to newborn life, studies were carried out in conscious, chronically instrumented fetal sheep with either bilateral renal denervation (n = 11) or intact renal nerves (n = 12), 3-6 d after surgery. Endocrine, renal, and cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after delivery of lambs by cesarean section. Blood pressure and heart rate were similar in intact and denervated fetuses, and increased after delivery in both groups. There was also a transient diuresis and natriuresis, in the immediate postnatal period, the response being significantly greater in denervated than intact lambs (P less than 0.05). By 24 h postnatally, fluid and electrolyte excretions were similar in both groups, and significantly less than fetal levels. In the absence of renal nerves, the normal rise in plasma renin activity at birth was attenuated. These data provide evidence that renal sympathetic nerves play an important role during the transition from fetal to newborn life, and support the premise that birth is associated with sympathetic activation.
Hypoglycemia: Incidence and Clinical Predictors in a Large Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents with IDDM
Authors: E A Davis, B Keating, G C Byrne, M Russell, T W Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To determine the frequency of moderate and severe hypoglycemia and to identify clinical predictors associated with its occurrence in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents with IDDM.A total of 657 patients (age: 12.1 +/- 4.4 years, mean +/- SD) were included in the study, yielding 1,449 patient-years of data. A prospective assessment of severe hypoglycemia (an event resulting in a seizure or coma) and moderate hypoglycemia (an event requiring assistance of another, excluding severe episodes) was made over a 3-year period. Patients and caregivers detailed episodes of significant hypoglycemia (moderate and severe events) and these were recorded at each 3-month clinic visit along with HbA1c. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models fitted with the exchange correlation structure.The overall incidence of severe events was 4.8/100 patient-years and of moderate events was 13.1/100 patient-years. Over 3 years, severe events occurred in 8.5% of children and moderate events occurred in 26.9%. Significant hypoglycemia was rare in the first 12 months after diagnosis. Rates of hypoglycemia were increased in children < 6 years of age versus > 6 years of age (40.9 vs. 16.6/100 patient-years, age < or = 6 years vs. age > 6 years, P < 0.001). Rates of hypoglycemia doubled when HbA1c fell below 8%, and children with HbA1c < 7% had a threefold increase in both moderate and severe hypoglycemia (e.g., severe episodes 14.9 vs. 4.1/100 patient-years, HbA1c < or = 7% vs. HbA1c > 7%, P < 0.001). Most severe events were seizures, and 75% of them occurred at night. The majority of events were related to missed meals or increased activity. However, in 38% no predisposing factor was evident.Newly diagnosed children appear to be protected from severe hypoglycemia. Rates increase with lower glycated hemoglobin, especially when mean HbA1c is < 8.0%. Younger children, who may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of neuroglycopenia, are at a particular risk of significant hypoglycemia.