tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Total Cortisol in Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Lung Maturation
Authors: Montserrat deM. Fencl, Dan Tulchinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Total cortisol was determined by radioimmunoassay in 48 samples of amniotic fluid obtained at various stages of normal pregnancy. Before the 34th week, all cortisol levels were less than 40 ng per milliliter. At 35 to 40 weeks the mean value was 2.4 times higher than that at 20 to 34 weeks. In pregnancies greater than 40 weeks, a further increase in total amniotic-fluid cortisol was observed, and values greater than 120 ng per milliliter were found only in patients of this group. A good rank correlation between cortisol and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was found in 43 samples (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001). No respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn occurred when total amniotic-fluid cortisol was greater than 60 ng per milliliter (16 patients). Total amniotic-fluid cortisol may reflect initiation of fetal lung maturation, and may help identify pregnancies with a gestation period of over 40 weeks.
Combined Rauwolfia-Hydralazine Therapy of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: CHARLES F. NAEGELE, RAY H. ROSENMAN, CHARLES L. HOFFMAN, MEYER FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Controlled blood pressure responses of 13 hospitalized and 33 ambulatory patients with essential or apparent renal hypertension were studied following combined Rauwolfia-hydralazine therapy. Adequate persistent lowering occurred in most instances of mild or moderate, and frequently even severe, hypertension. Prior and concomitant administration of Rauwolfia largely prevented unpleasant effects of hydralazine, permitted smaller dosage and ease of administration and follow-up—often impossible with large dosage of hydralazine used alone.
Characteristics of carpal-tunnel syndrome in the ATAC trial.
Authors: I Sestak, J Cuzick
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5085 Introduction: Carpal-tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition in which the median nerve is compressed leading to pain and muscle weakness in fingers and the hand. Oestrogen depletion has been shown to induce CTS, whereas the use of hormone replacement therapy is associated with a resolution of the symptom. Aromatase inhibitors lead to profound oestrogen suppression and therefore might induce CTS in postmenopausal women.&amp;#x2028; Methods: The Arimidex Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial randomised 9,366 postmenopausal women to anastrozole (1mg/day), tamoxifen (20mg/day) or the combination. Analyses were based on the 100 month median follow-up data in women in the two monotherapy arms who started their allocated treatment (anastrozole=3,092; tamoxifen=3,094). Here, we retrospectively investigate the influence of anastrozole on CTS, clinical outcomes, the relative importance of a range of risk factors for CTS, and examine whether they act differently in the presence of anastrozole treatment.&amp;#x2028; Results: During the entire active treatment period, 80 (2.6%) cases of CTS were reported in the anastrozole arm compared with 23 (0.7%) in the tamoxifen arm (OR=3.55 (2.22-5.65), P&amp;lt;0.001). In both treatment arms, the majority of CTS were reported as of mild or moderate severity. Most reports of CTS in the anastrozole arm occurred within 18 months of treatment initiation, but incidence remained elevated compared to the tamoxifen arm for the entire treatment period. Median time to resolution of CTS was 8.4 months and none of the women stopped treatment medication due to this adverse event. 13 women underwent carpal-tunnel release surgery (11 anastrozole (1 in 300) vs. 2 tamoxifen (1 in 1500)). Reports of CTS were significantly increased for women who used prior hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (2.3% vs. 1.3%, OR=1.72 (1.16-2.54), P=0.007) or prior chemotherapy (2.5% vs. 1.4%, OR=1.73 (1.14-2.62)). Furthermore, women who were aged 60 years or younger at entry were at greater risk of CTS compared with those aged 61 years or older (2.5% vs. 1.2%, OR=0.48 (0.30-0.76), P=0.002). Body mass index (BMI), hormone receptor status, smoking status, and prior radiotherapy were not found to be risk factors for the development of CTS. When analyses were restricted to only women receiving anastrozole, the same risk factors were identified.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Although the use of anastrozole is clearly associated with a greater incidence of CTS, it is rare and most cases were of mild severity and short duration and did not lead to treatment discontinuation or surgical intervention. Thus, while CTS can be quite debilitating for the few patients who have severe symptoms, this side effect has minimal impact on the overall risk-benefit ratio for the use of anastrozole in postmenopausal women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5085.
Oral L-glutamine therapy for sickle cell anemia: I. subjective clinical improvement and favorable change in red cell NAD redox potential
Authors: Yutaka Niihara, Charles R. Zerez, Dean S. Akiyama, Kouichi R. Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Previously, we demonstrated that there is an increased utilization of glutamine by intact sickle red blood cells (RBC) in conjunction with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism in vitro. In this report, we describe the in vivo effect of L-glutamine supplementation on total NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH), and NAD redox potential of sickle RBC. Seven adult sickle cell anemia patients participated in this study. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, previous or current use of hydroxyurea, and transfusion within 3 months of initiation of the study. After proper consent, L-glutamine was started at a dose of 30 g/day administered orally. Fasting blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 4 weeks of therapy by routine phlebotomy for evaluation of RBC total NAD and NADH levels. We found significant changes in both the NADH level and NAD redox potential (ratio of NADH to NAD+ + NADH). NAD redox potential increased from 47.2 ± 3.7% to 62.1 ± 11.8% (P < 0.01). The NADH level increased from 47.5 ± 6.3 to 72.1 ± 15.1 nmol/ml RBC (P < 0.01). The total NAD level demonstrated an upward trend (from 101.2 ± 16 to 116.4 ± 14.7 nmol/ml RBC) but this was not statistically significant. Our data show that oral L-glutamine can significantly increase the NAD redox potential and NADH level in sickle RBC. These changes may decrease oxidative susceptibility of sickle RBC and result in clinical benefit. Am. J. Hematol. 58:117–121, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Understanding the Causes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Richard W. Orrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a human disease resulting from the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The resultant clinical features include weakness of the arms, legs, and face and difficulties with speech, swallowing, and breathing. ALS affects women and men, regardless of ancestry, and the risk of disease increases with age. Its clinical progression is one of the fastest of the neurodegenerative diseases, with death (often from respiratory failure) typically occurring within 3 to 5 years after onset. The incidence is approximately 2 per 100,000 persons per year, and the prevalence is . . .
Can the natural course of allergy and asthma be changed by allergen vaccinations?
Authors: E. Valovirta
Journal: Allergy (1999)

To cite this article: Valoviita E . Can the natural course of allergy and asthma be changed by allergen vaccinations? Allergy 1999, 54, 37–29. Copyright © Munksgaard 1999 ISSN 0108–1675
Dysbiosis contributes to fibrogenesis in the course of chronic liver injury in mice
Authors: Samuele De Minicis, Chiara Rychlicki, Laura Agostinelli, Stefania Saccomanno, Cinzia Candelaresi, Luciano Trozzi, Eleonora Mingarelli, Bruna Facinelli, Gloria Magi, Claudio Palmieri, Marco Marzioni, Antonio Benedetti, Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may lead to hepatic fibrosis. Dietary habits affect gut microbiota composition, whereas endotoxins produced by Gram-negative bacteria stimulate hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms of action and the potential effect of microbiota in the liver are still unknown. Thus, we sought to analyze whether microbiota may interfere with liver fibrogenesis. Mice fed control (CTRL) or high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to either bile duct ligation (BDL) or CCl4 treatment. Previously gut-sterilized mice were subjected to microbiota transplantation by oral gavage of cecum content obtained from donor CTRL- or HFD-treated mice. Fibrosis, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and serum endotoxemia were measured. Inflammasome components were evaluated in gut and liver. Microbiota composition (dysbiosis) was evaluated by Pyrosequencing. Fibrosis degree was increased in HFD+BDL versus CTRL+BDL mice, whereas no differences were observed between CTRL+CCl4 and HFD+CCl4 mice. Culture of mesenteric lymph nodes showed higher density of infection in HFD+BDL mice versus CTRL+BDL mice, suggesting higher bacterial translocation rate. Pyrosequencing revealed an increase in percentage of Gram-negative versus Gram-postive bacteria, a reduced ratio between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, as well as a dramatic increase of Gram-negative Proteobacteria in HFD+BDL versus CTRL+BDL mice. Inflammasome expression was increased in liver of fibrotic mice, but significantly reduced in gut. Furthermore, microbiota transplantation revealed more liver damage in chimeric mice fed CTRL diet, but receiving the microbiota of HFD-treated mice; liver damage was further enhanced by transplantation of selected Gram-negative bacteria obtained from cecum content of HFD+BDL-treated mice. Conclusions : Dietary habits, by increasing the percentage of intestinal Gram-negative endotoxin producers, may accelerate liver fibrogenesis, introducing dysbiosis as a cofactor contributing to chronic liver injury in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2014;59:1738–1749)
Hypoparathyroidism and Pregnancy Treatment With Calcitriol
Authors: Abdollah Sadeghi-Nejad
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Calcitriol was used successfully to treat a patient with hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy. Increasing dosage of calcitriol were needed during the last trimester with a prompt decrease in the requirement after delivery. The dosage changes appear to mirror the pattern of endogenous synthesis of calcitriol in normal pregnant women.
Influence of hyperthyroidism on the uptake and binding of calcium by cardiac microsomal fractions and on mitochondrial structure
Authors: W. G. Nayler, N. C. R. Merrillees, D. Chipperfield, J. B. Kurtz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Influence of hyperthyroidism on the uptake and binding of calcium by cardiac microsomal fractions and on mitochondrial structure Get access Winifred G. Nayler, Winifred G. Nayler 2 From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, and Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2Requests for reprints to Dr. W. G. Nayler, Baker Medical Research Institute. Commercial Road, Prahran, 3181, Victoria, Australia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. C. R. Merrillees, N. C. R. Merrillees From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, and Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denise Chipperfield, Denise Chipperfield From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, and Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. B. Kurtz J. B. Kurtz From the Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, and Department of Anatomy, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, October 1971, Pages 469–482, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.4.469 Published: 01 October 1971
Clinical Application of Linear Ultrasound Probes
Authors: M. B. Kimmey, R. W. Martin, F. E. Silverstein
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

The linear ultrasound probe should be viewed as an adjunct to conventional endoscopic ultrasonography with combined ultrasound endoscopes. It certainly does not replace these instruments for staging neoplasms and imaging extraintestinal organs such as the pancreas. It can be a simpler alternative to these instruments when applied at the time of endoscopy to obtain more information about wall thickness and the cause of an intramural mass. It can add information when used to image within impassable malignant strictures. Further development of the linear probes with the addition of a balloon over the transducer and the advent of new probes that utilize other scanning mechanisms is anticipated and should make this imaging system even more useful.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Scleroderma
Authors: David S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a case of scleroderma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, azathioprine treatment resulted in complete remission of the hemolysis despite the persistence of positive direct and indirect antiglobulin test. There were no beneficial results of the therapy on the underlying connective tissue disorder. Complications of azathioprine treatment encountered were completely reversed with termination of therapy. These concurrences, with the positive antinuclear antibody studies and rheumatoid factor, favor the autoimmune theory of pathogenesis of scleroderma.
CASE OF LAEGE FIBROMA MOLLUSCUM OF THE SCALP
Authors: WALTER G. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1896)

Sept. 13, 1895, with a large tumour on his scalp.This tumour, he states, he has had for the past twenty-five years, but it has not perceptibly increased for the last dfteen years.The growth extends from the top of the left ear across to within 4 inches of the right ear, and from the nape of the neck behind to 3 inches from the forehead in front.Transversely it measures 9) inches ; antero-posteriorly, 12 inches.It is sharply marked from the healthy skin, overhanging behind and at the sides, and sloping up more gradually in front.It is not adherent to the bone.The tumour, as a whole, presents a lobulated appearance, being intersected by sinuous gyri, somewhat resembling a mass of cerebral convolutions.The ridges are smooth and bald upon the surface, feel of a doughy consistence, and present, here and there, a few superficial capillary nsvoid patches.The sulci are occupied by a growth of strong, coarse hairs, firmly implanted.Common sensation is unimpaired over the tumour.
81 UPTAKE AND TRAFFICKING OF CELL CULTURE-DERIVED HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCVCC) IN HUMAN PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS
Authors: M. Lambotin, C. Thumann, E. Robinet, F. Stoll-Keller, J.T. Liang, H. Barth, T.F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Evaluation of an Anti-Infective Combination
Authors: Donald O. Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, combined in a synthetic anti-infective preparation, act synergistically to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms. This combination is effective orally in acute and chronic urinary tract infections. It also has been used successfully to treat other infectious conditions, including bacterial upper respiratory tract infections, ear infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, septicemias, acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis, enteric fever, brucellosis, prostatitis, and gonorrhea. It is well tolerated by most patients. (<i>JAMA</i>231:635-537, 1975)
Oral Contraceptives The Good News
Authors: Barbara S. Hulka
Journal: JAMA (1983)

After 20 years of marketing in the United States, sufficient time has elapsed to evaluate the possibility of long-term adverse and beneficial effects of oral contraceptives (OCs). As pharmacologic agents, their early complications have been studied intensively. The cardiovascular complications were established in Britain within eight years of their market introduction and widespread acceptance.<sup>1</sup>These adverse effects appeared somewhat less devastating when balanced in perspective with the risks associated with pregnancy and delivery. Before age 35 years, pregnancy- and delivery-related mortality exceeded mortality from OC use by more than tenfold. However, the picture was not complete in the minds of many. There lingered a concern that the steroid hormone composition of OCs would increase the frequency of cancer after enough time had elapsed. How long is enough is always uncertain. Some exposures have been associated with an increased risk of specific cancer types within five years. More commonly, 15
Gallstones: an intestinal disease?
Authors: K J VAN ERPECUM, G P VAN BERGE-HENEGOUWEN
Journal: Gut (1999)

Current evidence suggests that impaired intestinal motility may facilitate gallstone formation by influencing biliary deoxycholate levels or by modulating interdigestive gall bladder motility (fig 2), although a primary intestinal defect in gallstone pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. In the cold war period, most interesting events, from a political point of view, occurred at the border between capitalist and communist systems, near the iron curtain. Similarly, the gall bladder and biliary tract can be viewed as the border between liver and intestinal tract, where many interesting things occur with profound impact on both systems. Combined efforts by researchers in the field of hepatology and gastrointestinal motility should brake down the Berlin wall of ignorance of one of the most common diseases in the Western world.
Abstract P2-10-06: Serum protein peak 3144m/z is a potential prognostic factor for postmenopausal breast cancer patients
Authors: Y Gao, X-J Wang, S-H Xu, H-J Yang, Z-H Chen, W-M Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Serum protein profiles have been investigated frequently to discover predicted or prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Our previous studies have shown that serum protein peak 3144m/z is significantly elevated in metastatic ovarian cancer and gastric cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained from metastatic ovarian cancer patients for differentially expressed protein peak 3144m/z showed when the cut-off value is 1.15, the sensitivity and specificity would be 65.4% and 91.4% respectively. Therefore, we investigated whether serum protein peak 3144m/z could be used as a potential prognostic tool for postmenopausal breast cancer, taking into account clinicopathological features. Methods: Two hundred and two postmenopausal breast cancer patients from June 2006 to December 2009 were involved in this retrospective study at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Menopausal status of the cases was obtained through examination of the medical records. The histopathological type, lymph node metastasis, and hormone receptor status of the cases were determined by pathologists. All patients underwent conventional postsurgical treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrinotherapy and target therapy) and the serum samples were collected before treatment. Serum level of protein peak 3144m/z was assessed by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Prognostic factors (lymph node metastasis status, stage, hormone receptor status and molecular subtype) were compared across subgroups of patients depending on the protein peak 3144m/z levels. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for statistical analysis. Results: The precentage of cases with higher 3144m/z protein peak were 32.7%(66/202) in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. The serum protein peak 3144m/z was positively related to lymph node metastasis. However, there were no significant correlations between serum protein peak 3144m/z and other clinicopathological features, such as hormone receptor status, molecular subtype, clinical stage, pregnancy times and abortion history. Importantly, it was shown that patients with higher protein peak 3144m/z had significantly poorer overall survival compared with patients with lower serum protein peak 3144m/z (P = 0.0053). Furthermore, Cox multivariate regression analysis also revealed that protein peak 3144m/z was an independent prognostic factor in postmenopausal breast cancer patients (P = 0.008). Conclusions: The protein peak 3144m/z was a poor prognostic factor in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Further prospective and longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether serum protein peak 3144m/z could be used as a prognostic tool in postmenopausal breast cancer patients monitoring and management. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-10-06.
Living bone grafts.
Authors: P. C. Nolan, R. A. Mollan, D. J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

procedure of the profession.More positively, this offers help to patients who may be abused by practitioners, including unlicensed psychotherapists and practitioners of alternative medicine, who may not be bound by codes of practice or internal disciplinary procedures.Once cases do come to light there should be help and compensation for the victim.Patients should be treated outside the setting in which the original abuse occurred.Victims should be allowed to ventilate feelings about their experience, which will include a complex mixture of anger, guilt, and sadness.The therapist should not attempt to shield professional colleagues from normal disciplinary procedures.In this context it is important for doctors, both individually and as a profession, publicly to take a clear stance on this matter so that patients can be sure that their complaints are taken seriously and dealt with effectively.Management of the offender should combine a compas- sionate regard for their special needs, including counselling or psychiatric treatment, with implementation ofthe appropriate disciplinary measures.Deliberate misconduct demands strict censure and supervision of future clinical practice.This should reinforce public confidence, act as a deterrent to the exploitive offender, and encourage the sick to seek help.The cornerstone of prevention of sexual contact between doctors and patients is education.Discussion of the subject could be appropriately included in undergraduate psychiatry and medical ethics courses.Doctors should also be able to discuss these issues with their supervisors or peers without fear of ridicule or persecution.Clinicians can take steps to make it less likely that they will be drawn into an erotic relationship.6Such steps will also reduce the risk of false accusations, which can be extremely damaging.Those working in hospital can most readily protect themselves by using chaperones when seeing patients and minimising social contact with patients.Setting limits on patient contact such as seeing patients only in the clinic, at appointed times, and with chaperones are impractical for those who have to offer emergency treatment at the patient's request.Furthermore, the recommendation that all social contact with patients should be avoided as it could be a precursor to frankly unethical activity is unrealistic for some practitioners.In such situations it is important to have a close working relationship with other health professionals.If a doctor becomes aware of professional boundaries being eroded then this should be discussed with colleagues, and possibly the care of the patient transferred to another clinician.
Family Practitioner Committees
Authors: E. M. Rosser
Journal: BMJ (1972)

linearity below 0(90 and above 1-05 suggests some overlap between euthyroid E.T.R. values and hypo-or hyperthyroid results.The E.T.R. results from 25 pregnant women and 14 women who were taking oestrogen-containing contraceptive prepara- tions were 0-91-1-04 and 0'93-1-06 respectively.99.99