tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VARIATION OF DOSAGE DEPENDENT ON THE METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION
Authors: ROBERT A. HATCHER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

This paper is merely a preliminary report intended to call attention to the necessity for the systematic investigation of the rate of absorption of different drugs after different modes of administration and the ratio of absorption to excretion and destruction, and also to one of the methods which may be employed in investigating the subject. Different drugs will require different methods of procedure, and in all cases various species of animals must be employed before we can transfer the results to man.  It is well known that the toxicity of certain drugs varies with the mode of administration, but the exact cause of this variation has not been studied sufficiently in many cases, though it is obvious that the therapeutic dose must usually vary in much the same way that the toxicity does. A large number of experiments will be required to determine the comparative activity of the various potent
Advances in Our Understanding of Thyroid Hormone Action at the Cellular Level*
Authors: J. H. OPPENHEIMER, H. L. SCHWARTZ, C. N. MARIASH, W. B. KINLAW, N. C. W. WONG, H. C. FREAKE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

DESPITE the fact that the clinical and biological importance of the thyroid hormones have been recognized for approximately 100 yr (1–3), until recently our understanding of the biological effects of these hormones has been largely descriptive and based on a catalog of effects observed to accompany an excess or deficiency of these hormones. In the past 15 yr, however, there has been substantial progress in defining the molecular basis of thyroid hormone action at the nuclear level. In the mid-60s Tata and colleagues (4, 5) first proposed that the nucleus might be the target for thyroid hormone action. This inference was based on sequential measurements of thyroid hormone effects in thyroidectomized animals treated with T4. Nevertheless, the importance and uniqueness of this pathway were not fully appreciated (6). Full understanding of the nuclear site of initiation of thyroid hormone action was dependent on the recognition that T3 was the active hormone, that T4 largely served as a precursor (7, 8), and the recognition of specific nuclear binding sites which could serve as the site of initiation of the sequence of biochemical events resulting in thyroid hormone action (9).
TREATMENT OF OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: M. Formby
Journal: BMJ (1938)

Chronic Catarrhal Otitis Media This is an insidious sclerosis of the middle ear, often referred to as dry catarrh, causing deafness of varying degree which is almost always progressive.Frequently the ear condition is associated with definite pathological changes in the upper respiratory passages, but in some instances no such changes can be discovered.In other sinuses, teeth, tonsils, and adenoids should be eradicated, and deformities of the nose interfering with the normal airway corrected.While gross abnormalities requiring surgical intervention will often be present, many cases will be met with in which no abnormality is evident.In these the prognosis is bad, but the patient's general health should be maintained at the highest possible level and every effort be made to safeguard him against catarrhal infec- tions of the nose and throat.The patency of the Eustachian tubes is of the utmost importance, and obstruc- tion of them leads to a rapid loss of hearing and to changes in the middle ear which soon become permanent.The condition of the Eustachian tubes is ascertained by .D .-' ',., I-Esu .it.L;''(.wt.,.,. ..','+<9-tachuas 3uw.cases the ear affection occurs some months or years after an acute otitis media.Starting at any age, there is a history of increasing deaf- ness in one or both ears, usually tinnitus, and frequently a " blocked feeling " in the affected ear.The variations from the normal seen on inspection of the drums over a series of cases are numerous, but in any one patient little alteration may be visible.Unfortunately the condition of the membrana tympani has no direct relation to the degree of deafness.The most constant alteration in the drum-
Health atlas shows large variations in care in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Large variations in the level and quality of NHS care in England in a range of clinical areas, including diabetes, stroke, and cancer, have been highlighted in an atlas.

The NHS Atlas of Variation shows the amount each of the 152 primary care trusts spends on various clinical services and links this with the health outcomes patients see. The results are presented in 34 geographical maps. The atlas, produced as part of the Quality, Innovation, Productivity and Prevention Programme, aims to stimulate awareness of variations that exist and help commissioners of care make better purchases.

Launching the atlas, the health minister Lord Howe said, “Making this information available to commissioners and patients will help them to identify and address unwarranted variation to better meet the needs of their local populations.”

The atlas shows a sixfold variation between primary care trusts in the emergency admissions rate for asthma among under 18 year olds. Although asthma is influenced by environmental factors, even among trusts in urban London there is a more than …
Pelvic Examinations Eye-to-Eye
Authors: STANLEY N. SCHWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 March 1976Pelvic Examinations Eye-to-EyeSTANLEY N. SCHWARTZ, M.D.STANLEY N. SCHWARTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-3-344_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: To Dr. Magee's suggestions on the pelvic plight (Ann Intern Med83:563-564, 1975) I would add a thought given to me in medical school by an old master of gynecology: let your patient sit up a bit during the pelvic examination. By simply elevating the head of the table to about 30°, the patient can look at the physician, if she likes, rather than the ceiling. Her pelvis will remain horizontal if a standard examining table is used, and, as long as the patient is not very obese, the examination will in no way be impeded. Many... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Infectious Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1976Volume 84, Issue 3Page: 344-344KeywordsOverweightPelvis Issue Published: 1 March 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hospital Admission Surveillance Programs
Authors: James J. Schubert
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The physician members of the Board of Trustees of the Medical Care Foundation of Sacramento, Calif, a subsidiary organization of the Sacramento County Medical Society, officially wish to protest the appearance in the Journal of the American Medical Association (221: 1153, 1972), the article entitled  Surveillance Program in   Our protest centers about the following:   The authors mislead the profession by implying that they created their program, although no references are made in the body of the article as to the origins of their program.  The bibliography is quite incomplete including the reference supplied this letter. Several other programs modeled on our Sacramento Certified Hospital Admissions Program preexisted the program in Illinois.   The Sacramento program began in 1969 and has gained large recognition as an effective hospital utilization program. The program now operating in Illinois, as indicated, has its origins directly from our program.
Brain Amine Concentrations after Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Administration
Authors: A. B. B. Jones, C. M. B. Pare, W. J. Nicholson, K. Price, R. S. Stacey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), noradrenaline, and dopamine were estimated post mortem in brain stem, hypothalamus, and caudate nucleus in 33 patients who had been treated with isocarboxazid, clorgyline, or tranylcypromine and 11 controls. Similar and highly significant increases in 5HT and noradrenaline concentration occurred with all three drugs. The distribution was unimodal, but about a quarter of the patients showed only a small increase in brain amines. Tranylcypromine seemed to have a significantly greater effect on dopamine in caudate nucleus and hypothalamus compared with isocarboxazid and clorgyline. In the doses used chlorpromazine did not reduce the amine concentrations. Four patients with Parkinson9s syndrome had low concentrations of dopamine in caudate nucleus in spite of monoamine oxidase inhibitor administration.
268 RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM IP-10 LEVELS WHICH REFLECTS HEPATIC INTERFERON STIMULATING GENE INDUCTION AND ANTIVIRAL EFFECT OF PEG/RBV COMBINATION THERAPY IN PATIENT WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Y. Karino, J. Toyota, T. Arakawa, Y. Kuwata, J. Akaike, I. Ozeki, T. Sato, T. Ohmura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Risks of AIDS among workers in the "sex industry": some initial results from a Scottish study.
Authors: R. M. Thomas, M. A. Plant, M. L. Plant, D. I. Sales
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the extent to which workers in the "sex industry" in Edinburgh engage in activities with a high risk of infection with HIV. DESIGN--Cross sectional, single phase survey in which respondents were located by a non-random method ("snowballing"). SETTING--Research project coordinated by the Alcohol Research Group, Edinburgh. SUBJECTS--205 Sex workers (102 male, 103 female) interviewed between July and December 1988. END POINT--Strategies to reduce risk of AIDS among people who buy and sell sexual services. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Data were elicited by a standardised interview which related to over 300 variables. A fifth of the study group had used drugs intravenously, and one in 12 reported that they had been found to be seropositive on HIV testing. Roughly a quarter of the study group sometimes engaged in unprotected sex with clients for more money, and a similar proportion sometimes did not seek medical advice even if they had genital or anal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS--People who buy and sell sexual services should be priority targets for health education and strategies to reduce their risk of AIDS.
Familial Granulomatous Arteritis with Polyarthritis of Juvenile Onset
Authors: Deborah Rotenstein, Donna L. Gibbas, Bhagirath Majmudar, Elizabeth A. Chastain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Granulomatous arteritis, which occurs through cell-mediated immune mechanisms, can be seen in several disease states. This chronic process is not regarded as an inherited phenomenon. We report on a family with granulomatous arteritis, associated with juvenile-onset polyarthritis, that appears to be inherited in a dominant fashion with variable penetrance.The affected members of the family share the clinical triad of fever, hypertension, and polyarthritis of juvenile onset, along with the pathological feature of noncaseating granulomas in vascular and extravascular distribution. The clinical and pathological findings and the genetic assessment of this family form the basis of this report.Case Reports . . .
Relation of DDE and PBB serum levels in farm residents, consumers, and Michigan Chemical Corporation employees.
Authors: M S Wolff, B Aubrey, F Camper, N Haymes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Results of serum PBB determinations on 524 Michigan diary farm residents and consumers of products from the farms, 55 chemical workers, and 56 Wisconsin farm residents are reported. Mean and median values were highest for the chemical workers, followed by consumers from and residents of quarantined and nonquarantined farms. Serum DDE was higher among chemical workers, but was similar for all other groups. Statistical analysis of serum of PPB and serum DDE levels was done with respect to quarantine status, age, sex, and obesity. The most significant correlate with PBB was quarantine status. Serum DDE, age, sex, or obesity were not consistently correlated with serum PBB. For DDE, age was invariably the most significant correlate. Both serum PBB and DDE were higher in males than females in husband-wife pairs in most cases, although the differences occurred less frequently among older age groups. These results support the hypothesis that PBB exposure was a recent interim exposure whereas DDE exposure has been cumulative throughout a person's lifetime. Higher PBB and DDE mean concentrations in serum of Michigan Chemical workers suggests an occupational exposure to these chemicals.
Paralysis of the Abducens Nerve Following Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Anthony T. Rose, Samuel Pritzker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE number of cases of paralysis of the abducens nerve following spinal anesthesia reported in the literature is surprisingly small, but the condition undoubtedly occurs more frequently than is generally supposed. Although it has been reported by Dattner and Thomas1 following a simple lumbar puncture, most of the cases observed followed spinal anesthesia. In 1936 Woltman2 reported 2 cases following inhalation anesthesia. Hayman and Wood3 presented 2 cases in 1942. Fairclough,4 in a review of 2021 cases of spinal anesthesia, found that paralysis of the sixth nerve had developed in 10 cases — an incidence of approximately 0.5 per cent. . . .
On Emergency Psychotherapy
Authors: Mauricio Knobel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Research Articles| February 12 2010 On Emergency Psychotherapy Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Mauricio Knobel Mauricio Knobel Aires Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1975) 25 (1-6): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286826 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mauricio Knobel; On Emergency Psychotherapy. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1975; 25 (1-6): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1159/000286826 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1975Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Perforation of the Oesophagus with an Oblique — Viewing Endoscope in a Patient with Caustic Stenosis
Authors: M. Starlinger, K. Dinstl, R. Schiessel
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

A case of accidental oesophageal perforation during endoscopy in an elderly woman with acute alimentary obstruction of a caustic stenosis is presented. This demonstrates the risks in routine use of oblique-viewing endoscopes, especially in oesophageal exploration. The lesion was successfully treated by internal splinting with a Celestin tube. The indications for this kind of treatment arise in elderly patients with poor general condition in whom a preexisting stenosis guarantees the tight fitting of the tube.
Management of breast cancer.
Authors: J. M. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1992)

paper by Jennifer Barraclough and colleagues underlines this; in their sample 45 out of 204 patients with breast cancer had a major depressive episode lasting at least three months after a surgical treatment.4Similarly, Maguire et al showed that one in four women had significant psychological symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction, 12 months after mastectomy.5Studies have concentrated on patients treated surgically, but all patients with breast cancer are at risk of psychological sequelae.6Detecting these is important as psychological problems in patients with cancer respond well to several treatments.7Though a third of all breast cancer occurs in those aged over 70, elderly people have been excluded from most studies assessing psycho- logical morbidity.This is regrettable as breast cancer in elderly people tends to be treated more conservatively; operable breast cancer is less common, and, for many, quality of life is more important than quantity.Psychological health is therefore important.The studies that have not excluded elderly patients have not presented the results separately, so little is known about the psychological problems of elderly patients with breast cancer.An unsupportive social network and debility are associated with a higher risk of psychological problems in studies of patients with cancer under 70.8These factors may be more prominent in elderly patients.Moreover, depression is common in elderly people and, at least in the past, has often gone untreated.9There may be considerable unrecognised and untreated psychological morbidity in elderly patients with breast cancer.Specific research is needed to clarify this.Awareness of this and detection and treatment of psychological distress by medical and nursing staff should form an important part of any management plan.
European Commission calls for changes to reduce deaths from air pollution
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The European Commission has proposed a wide ranging, 15 year strategy to reduce the number of people who die prematurely because of air pollution. But it has had to water down its original proposals because of complaints from industry groups, and pressure groups say the present proposals do not go far enough.

The commission is looking to regulate, for the first time, people's exposure to fine airborne particulates that penetrate deep into lungs and ozone pollution at ground level. It aims to achieve this by introducing new standards on car emissions, setting …
IL-33, but not thymic stromal lymphopoietin or IL-25, is central to mite and peanut allergic sensitization
Authors: Derek K. Chu, Alba Llop-Guevara, Tina D. Walker, Kristin Flader, Susanna Goncharova, Jeanette E. Boudreau, Cheryl Lynn Moore, Tracy Seunghyun In, Susan Waserman, Anthony J. Coyle, Roland Kolbeck, Alison A. Humbles, Manel Jordana
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Overseas companies could run NHS hospitals, emails reveal
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Up to 20 NHS hospitals in England might be run by overseas companies, a series of emails obtained under the Freedom of Information Act has shown.

The organisation Spinwatch obtained the exchange of emails, which disclose that Ian Dalton, managing director for provider development at the Department of Health, had discussed with the consultants McKinsey and Company the possibility of “international hospital provider groups” being recruited to improve the performance of English hospitals.

Summarising the discussion, an email from McKinsey said that there was “interest in a new solution for 10-20 hospitals” but that this needed to be done “one at a time” because of various political constraints. The consultants suggested that contracts would be possible if hospitals’ revenue was at least £500m (€570m; $805m) and that any international company would need “a free hand on staff management.” …
Functionalized Silk Biomaterials for Wound Healing
Authors: Eun Seok Gil, Bruce Panilaitis, Evangelia Bellas, David L. Kaplan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Silk protein‐biomaterial wound dressings with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and silver sulfadiazine were studied with a cutaneous excisional mouse wound model. Three different material designs and two different drug incorporation techniques were studied to compare wound healing responses. Material formats included silk films, lamellar porous silk films and electrospun silk nanofibers, each studied with the silk matrix alone and with drug loading or drug coatings on the silk matrices. Changes in wound size and histological assessments of wound tissues showed that the functionalized silk biomaterial wound dressings increased wound healing rate, including reepithelialization, dermis proliferation, collagen synthesis and reduced scar formation, when compared to air‐permeable Tegaderm tape (3M) (‐ control) and a commercial wound dressing, Tegaderm Hydrocolloid dressing (3M) (+ control). All silk biomaterials were effective for wound healing, while the lamellar porous films and electrospun nanofibers and the incorporation of EGF/silver sulfadiazine, via drug loading or coating, provided the most rapid wound healing responses. This systematic approach to evaluating functionalized silk biomaterial wound dressings demonstrates a useful strategy to select formulations for further study towards new treatment options for chronic wounds.
AZD4547: An Orally Bioavailable, Potent, and Selective Inhibitor of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Family
Authors: Paul R. Gavine, Lorraine Mooney, Elaine Kilgour, Andrew P. Thomas, Katherine Al-Kadhimi, Sarah Beck, Claire Rooney, Tanya Coleman, Dawn Baker, Martine J. Mellor, A. Nigel Brooks, Teresa Klinowska
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling axis is increasingly implicated in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Several small-molecule FGF receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitors are currently in clinical development; however, the predominant activity of the most advanced of these agents is against the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which compromises the FGFR selectivity. Here, we report the pharmacologic profile of AZD4547, a novel and selective inhibitor of the FGFR1, 2, and 3 tyrosine kinases. AZD4547 inhibited recombinant FGFR kinase activity in vitro and suppressed FGFR signaling and growth in tumor cell lines with deregulated FGFR expression. In a representative FGFR-driven human tumor xenograft model, oral administration of AZD4547 was well tolerated and resulted in potent dose-dependent antitumor activity, consistent with plasma exposure and pharmacodynamic modulation of tumor FGFR. Importantly, at efficacious doses, no evidence of anti-KDR-related effects were observed, confirming the in vivo FGFR selectivity of AZD4547. Taken together, our findings show that AZD4547 is a novel selective small-molecule inhibitor of FGFR with potent antitumor activity against FGFR-deregulated tumors in preclinical models. AZD4547 is under clinical investigation for the treatment of FGFR-dependent tumors.