tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Idiopathic Myelitis
Authors: M. G. B. Oxley
Journal: BMJ (1870)

blished fur physiological reseaich, we cannot hope to do much in the way of advancing the scientific basis of medicine.When we consider what is done by Germany, and see her now facile pinnceps in war, as also in all that relates to the advancement of science, we must bestir ourselves if we are to maintain the position among the nations which we persuade ourselves we hold.A step in the right direction has been taken by the Council of the College of Surgeons.They now require of all those who present themselves for examination satisfactory proof that they have made themselves acquainted with the principles and methods of experimental research.The next thing that requires to be done is the establishment of labora- tories for that purpose.This is now being effected.In this way we hope soon to see a new era inaugurated in the prospects of scientific medicine in this country: for when all our students have it in their power to learn the methods of physiological investigation, and their practical application to therapeutics, we shall be the better able to sift fact from tradition and hypothesis, to clear up what is doubtful, and sweep away the fallacies on which quacks flourish and by which medi- cine is disgraced.
A study with the electron microscope of the jejunal epithelium in primary malabsorptive disease
Authors: D. J. C. Shearman, R. H. Girdwood, A. W. Williams, I. W. Delamore
Journal: Gut (1962)

Jejunal biopsy specimens were obtained by means of the Crosby capsule from a normal person and from seven patients. Of these, three with primary malabsorptive disease (idiopathic steatorrhoea) had an abnormal mucosal pattern under the light microscope, and the microvilli under the electron microscope were stunted, broadened, and sparse. Two with primary malabsorptive disease had normal light microscopic appearances, and the microvilli appeared normal, while two who had appearances typical of primary malabsorptive disease under the light microscope had malignant disease of the small intestine. Of the patients with malignant disease, one had normal microvilli under the electron microscope and the other demonstrated microvilli similar to those found in primary malabsorptive disease. The former patient may have had primary malabsorptive disease in addition to the malignant change but this is uncertain, and there is no reason to believe that this was the case in the latter patient. The changes seen under the light microscope are usually of great value as an aid to diagnosis in primary malabsorptive disease but this is not always the case, and the same applies to electron microscope changes.
RIGHT ATRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN FETUSES WITH SEVERE TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE: NOVEL EXPERIENCE WITH VELOCITY VECTOR IMAGING
Authors: Lisa W. Howley, Nee Szce Khoo, Anita Moon-Grady, Fayeza Alrais, Jean Trines, Tiina Ojala, Lisa K. Hornberger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Extracorporeal photopheresis in combination with bexarotene in the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: P. Tsirigotis, V. Pappa, S. Papageorgiou, V. Kapsimali, V. Giannopoulou, I. Kaitsa, K. Girkas, E. Papageorgiou, N. Stavrianeas, T. Economopoulos, J. Dervenoulas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)
Inaugural Langdon-Brown Lecture
Authors: G. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Bunyan.He entered Bedford School in 1879 and there he showed himself very earnest in his work and keenly curious to know.Although a poor classical scholar judged by the school standard of those days, he won the prize for English essay each year, an achievement which confounded his masters, who held that the ability to write good English depended on a knowledge of the classics.By the age of 15 he had developed an enthusiasm for English literature, and two years later he was promoted top of the form.At the age of 18 he won a leaving
Multiple-lead QRS changes with exercise testing. Diagnostic value and hemodynamic implications.
Authors: J L Berman, J Wynne, P F Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To evaluate the diagnostic potential and hemodynamic significance of exercise-induced multiple-lead QRS changes, we studied exercise test responses in 230 patients with chest pain syndromes undergoing Bruce protocol exercise tests. When increases in the R waves of multiple ECG leads (epsilon R) plus ST segment change greater than 1 mm were present, 74 of 75 patients (99%) had coronary disease; this was a higher percentage than that achieved with either measurement alone or when ST change was combined with increase in R in a single lead. Sixty-four of the 75 patients (85%) had multivessel disease, the most severe form of coronary artery disease. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (both at rest and after left ventriculography), presence and degree of resting ventricular asynergy, and ejection fraction were all significantly more abnormal in patients whose epsilon R increased, regardless of ST-segment change. Further, in patients who stopped exercise because of cardiac symptoms, exercise duration and the product of heart rate times blood pressure were significantly lower when epsilon R increased. Thus, the mechanism for the increase in epsilon R with exercise in patients with coronary artery disease appears to be related to abnormalities in left ventricular function.
SECTARIANISM IN MEDICINE—DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF EXISTING MEDICAL SECTS.Read before the Practitioners' Club, Nov. 26, 1894.
Authors: EDWIN J. KUH
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The three sects recognized in the community in which we live are the regular profession, the homeopathic and eclectic. In denoting the regular profession as a sect, I am conscious of a violation of the meaning of the term, sect. A sect is a body of persons who have separated from others in view of some special doctrine or doctrines. Now, the regular profession has no separate doctrine or doctrines, nor has it separated from anybody. When you cut off a piece of a dog's tail, you do not cut off the dog from the tail, but the tail from the dog. For it is a fact well recognized by the profoundest experts of natural history, that it is the dog who wags the tail, and not the tail who wags the dog. The regular profession has been stigmatized by certain apostates as the "old school." The spirit is the
NOTE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF BLOOD PLATES.
Authors: MARY W. ROWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Blood plates are usually described as from one to three microns in diameter. The accompanying photographs* demonstrate that they are often much larger than this, with a good deal that suggests cell-structure. The blood in which the platelets here reproduced were found was from three cases, one of pernicious anemia, one of splenic anemia and one of severe secondary anemia. Using a modification of Wright's method of staining I have obtained similar plates in cases of malaria, myelogenous leukemia and in normal blood. With this stain the definite, usually rounded outline of the periphery is distinctly shown. In most of the figures hitherto published the edges of the plates are jagged and irregular. Why are these plates so much larger than those usually described and pictured? Their size is probably due in part to squashing, as there are more large ones near the thin edge of the blood-smear where the
Low‐dose cyclosporine A therapy increases the regulatory T cell population in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: C. Brandt, V. Pavlovic, A. Radbruch, M. Worm, R. Baumgrass
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a T cell dependent chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder successfully treated with cyclosporine A (CsA). Clinical observations indicate that even low-dose CsA therapy is successful in severely affected AD patients. We studied the impact of low-dose CsA therapy on the ability of T helper cells to be activated, and examined whether regulatory T (Treg) cells are increased in these patients.Peripheral T cells were activated in a whole blood sample and interleukin-2 producing cells were measured by intracellular cytokine staining. Regulatory T cells were analyzed by intracellular FoxP3 staining. Regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low)) and effector T cells (CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(+)) were sorted by flow cytometry and used for suppression assays.A group of AD patients treated with low-dose CsA had a significantly larger Treg cell population than a healthy control subject group. In individual patients, onset of low-dose CsA therapy reduced the ability of T cells to be activated to 42 +/- 18% (P < 0.005) and significantly increased Treg cells, both in absolute numbers (1.6-fold change) and frequencies (1.7-fold change). Treg cells from AD patients showed similar suppressive capacities as Treg cells from healthy donors. Furthermore, Treg cells from AD patients had skin homing properties.Our results indicate that the therapeutic effect of low-dose CsA therapy in AD patients might be not only mediated by the inhibition of T cell hyperactivity but also by an increased population of Treg cells.
Sharp Objects in the Stomach
Authors: I. Phillips Frohman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article entitled "Corsage Pin in the Stomach" in the Jan. 7, 1961, issue ofThe Journalinterested me very much, although I find one fault with the authors' handling of their case. Some years ago I reported 3 cases of the treatment of open safety pins in the stomachs of children. My method of treatment of open safety pin, corsage pin, or any other type of sharp object is to feed the patient bits of cotton mixed with mashed potatoes and soft bread 3 or 4 times daily. In the 3 cases I reported, there was no problem of perforation or intestinal distress, and the open safety pins were successfully passed in the bowel movements 5 to 7 days later without difficulty. But the most interesting thing about this method of treatment is that in every case the pins were well surrounded with cotton, and the
The FitzPatrick Lectures on the History of British Midwifery (1650-1800)
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1927)

DR. HE;RBERT SPENCER said that lie had chosen the subject of " The history of British midwifery fiVoII 1650 to 1800," partly for the personal reason that it was one in which lie was interestedl, and partly for the lpatriotic reason that it lhad been neglected by British writers.While admirable general histories of midwifery had been published by foreigni wr iters, and exhaustive memoirs of individual Britishl (obstetricians had been produced, no detailed account of the work of British obstetricians of the period had Ilitherto appeared by a British author.The lectures were ani attempt to remedy the deficiency.British miidwifery at thie commiiencemen-t of the period was not iln a satisfactory condition.It was conducted mainly by women, of wlho-m many were without the educa- tion, knowledge,or-character -requisito for its proper practice, and who maintaiiied a determined opposition to.
Steroid Combinations in Treatment of Trichinosis
Authors: William C. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  A recent editorial (228:735, 1974) pointed out that in the treatment of clinical trichinosis,  should always be given in conjunction with thiabendazole.1 On the other hand, it has been alleged that hydrocortisone antagonizes the action of thiabendazole in the muscle phase of trichinosis in mice. Corticosteroids and thiabendazole are virtually the only drugs used in treating the muscle phase of trichinosis in man, yet there has been very little discussion of whether they should be used concurrently. (During the intestinal phase, corticosteroids would clearly be contraindicated unless accompanied by thiabendazole or other chemosterilizing drugs.)  An unpublished trial in this laboratory in 1964 suggested that hydrocortisone did not interfere with the action of thiabendazole against trichinosis in mice. In recent studies, we have reexamined the effects of combination therapy with these drugs. To allow the possible demonstration of either antagonistic or potentiating effects of the steroid, the
Atherosclerosis in India
Authors: K. S. MATHUR, N. L. PATNEY, V. KUMAR
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Striking differences in the extent and severity of atherosclerosis were observed when our results were compared with those reported from the United States, Japan, and Jamaica, and South India by Gore et al. 4 Up to the age of 30 years the mean atherosclerotic indices of aorta from these sources were not significantly different. Subsequently, however, the mean atherosclerotic index in our cases was almost equal to that reported from South India but it was much less than that recorded in the U.S.A. and significantly less than that reported from Japan and Jamaica. It is thus seen that the factors that initiate atherogenesis are different from those that are effective in the formation of the later grades of lesions, since the same amount of streaking does not lead to an equal amount of fibrous plaque formation. It also shows that there are important geographic differences in the prevalence of these latter factors. Similarly, the coronary atherosclerosis was almost equal in our and the South Indian series but in both these places it was less advanced than that obtained in the U.S.A., Japan, and Jamaica.
Growing catalogue of fraud.
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The recent invasion of the Amazon area by non immune people is creating serious health problems. Ten years ago the situation regarding malaria was much more satisfactory. I travelled extensively in the Amazon around that time, and the ministry campaign against malaria (SUCAM) had it fairly well controlled. Brazil was fortunate in that the major anophelene vector, Anopheles darlingi, had not developed genetic resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichlorophane (DDT). The fleet of small boats in Manaus would go up the multitude of rivers spraying the houses: people live mainly on the banks of a river as it is the only route of cheap transport. Naturally eradication was not possible but the level of control was high. At that time P falciparum resistant to chloroquine had been reported but was still uncommon; now it is the rule. Also A darlingi has developed so called behavioural resistance; it is no longer resting on the sprayed walls but bites its hosts around dwellings. Therefore the malaria problem grows. Also a large part of this population influx is speculators mining mainly for gold or diamonds or cattle rearing. The miners are the worst because they are virtually impossible to control, flying into remote areas, often secretly, because of the lure of what is beneath the ground. Nobody knows how many mining concerns there are in this region but it must be hundreds. The ministry struggles with the problem of controlling malaria among them as well as the trans? mission of AIDS. It is a herculean task. Development of antimalarial drugs has been related to wars and the availability of quinine. After the second world war six groups of antimalarials were available but P falciparum has a remarkable capacity to develop resistance. The Vietnam war highlighted the problem for the American army, which set up an admirable drug screening programme at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Medical Research in Washington. To date this programme has screened 300 000 compounds for antimalarial activity. Mefloquine is the result of this programme, but because it is another quinoline (like quinine) resistance has already been reported, though it is still unknown in Brazil. Such powerful, effective schizonticides must be rigorously controlled otherwise indiscriminate use will result in resistance as occurred with chloroquine. Today the situation for treating severe falciparum malaria in Brazil is better than it has been for some years, as apart from mefloquine there are other new schizonticides to which resistance is still unknown.
Geographic origin of the family as a determinant of serum levels of lipids in Finnish children.
Authors: E Pesonen, J Viikari, H K Akerblom, L Räsänen, K Louhivuori, S Sarna
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Children in the eastern part of Finland have higher serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels than children in the western part of the country. This is consonant with the high mortality rate for coronary heart disease in eastern Finland. Eastern and western Finns are assumed to have different geographic origins; because of this we divided into groups 630 newborns and 3554 children and adolescents according to their grandparents' birthplace, which, in Finland, reflect the origins of the children. No differences in serum lipid levels were found in the newborns but in the 3- to 18-year-old children the differences in mean serum total and LDL cholesterol levels were accentuated by this division. Boys with grandparents from the extreme eastern part and those with grandparents from the western part of the country showed the greatest differences. Prepubescent boys 3 to 12 years old living in the west but with grandparents from the east had total and LDL cholesterol levels similar to those of boys living in and descended of grandparents from the east, despite their diet being of the western type. Thus, although diet is known to be a major determinant of serum cholesterol level, genetic factors also seem to play a role.
Overstaying their welcome: defective CX3CR1 microglia eyed in macular degeneration
Authors: Jing Chen, Kip M. Connor, Lois E.H. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the elderly, is characterized by degeneration of the macula and can lead to loss of fine color vision. Alterations in inflammatory and immune system pathways, which arise from genetic differences, predispose individuals to AMD. Yet the mechanism of disease progression with respect to inflammation is not fully understood. In this issue of the JCI, the study by Combadière and colleagues shows that CX3C chemokine receptor 1-deficient (CX3CR1-deficient) mice have abnormal microglia that accumulate beneath the retina and contribute to the progression of AMD.
Influence of bezafibrate on hepatic cholesterol metabolism in gallstone patients: Reduced activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
Authors: Dagny Ståhlberg, Eva Reihnér, Mats Rudling, Lars Berglund, Kurt Einarsson, Bo Angelin
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Bezafibrate is a hypolipidemic fibric acid derivative known to induce cholesterol supersaturation of bile. To characterize its effects on hepatic cholesterol metabolism, 31 normolipidemic, normal-weight patients with gallstones undergoing cholecystectomy were studied. Eleven patients (5 men) were randomized to treatment with bezafibrate, 200 mg three times daily for 4 weeks before operation; the remaining 20 patients (5 men) served as nontreatment controls. At operation, a liver biopsy specimen was obtained under standardized conditions and several important parameters of cholesterol metabolism were assayed. Bezafibrate treatment lowered total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides 30% and 37%, respectively. The hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylasé activity was reduced by ≈60% in the bezafibrate treated patients compared with the controls, whereas the acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity was similar in the two groups. The total 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity was increased twofold in the treated patients, whereas the active enzyme remained about the same as in the controls. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding activity was unaffected by the treatment. Bezafibrate treatment significantly reduces cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity, and it is suggested that this may play an important role for the development of supersaturated bile during such therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 21:1025–1030.)
NHS bonds could be alternative to private finance initiative for NHS
Authors: H. Keen, P. Fisher, P. Draper
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Concern is growing as more detail is revealed about the private finance initiative in the NHS.1Negotiations over the initiative are conducted under terms of commercial confidentiality. Health professionals and the public are effectively shut out as commercial imperative takes precedence over social purpose.

The private finance initiative is a costly option. Participating consortiums expect an annual return on investment of 15% or more, to be met by taxpayers (or charges on patients) locked in for 30–60 …
The Intellectual and Moral Integrity of Bioethics: Response to Commentaries on “A Case Study in Unethical Transgressive Bioethics: ‘Letter of Concern from Bioethicists’ About the Prenatal Administration of Dexamethasone”
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough, Frank A. Chervenak, Robert L. Brent, Benjamin Hippen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

In our target article we showed that the Letter of Concern (LoC) fails to meet accepted standards for presenting empirical data for the purpose of supplementing a normative claim and for argument-b...
Public lacks knowledge about genetic testing and gene therapy
Authors: R. Hill, M. Stanisstreet, E. Boyes, H. O'Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Rodney Harris and Hilary J Harris draw attention to the consequences to general practitioners of the increased opportunities for genetic testing and gene therapy.1 They note that the public is becoming aware of these opportunities and that primary health teams will need to provide counselling to allow clients to make informed choices. By coincidence, we recently completed a survey, supported by the Cystic Fibrosis Trust, of the knowledge about cystic fibrosis of a group of students …
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Pre-Diabetes
Authors: Samuel Dagogo-Jack
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Pre-DiabetesThe glass is half full and half empty T he modern incarnation of the term "pre-diabetes" occurred during a press conference hosted by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) on 27 March 2002 to announce the results of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP):"HHS and the ADA are using the new term 'pre-diabetes' to describe an increasingly common condition in which blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet diabeticknown in medicine as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose. . . .Most people with this condition go on to develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years."
DSM-III Case Book: A Learning Companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition)
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book provides clinical case vignettes of real patients with discussions of the diagnoses according to the criteria in the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third Edition) (DSM-III)</i>. The first and second chapters, "Mental Disorders in Adults" and "Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents," provide the reader with excellent descriptive clinical and historical information, enough to make a clear<i>DSM-III</i>diagnosis. There is coverage of aspects of physical medicine as they relate to differential diagnosis and to the production of behavioral abnormalities. The cases clearly differentiate between several previously "fuzzy" areas such as schizophrenia vs schizophreniform disorder, narcissistic disorder vs borderline personality, paranoia vs paranoid schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder vs schizoid personality vs schizophrenia, attention-deficit disorder without hyperactivity vs attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and conduct disorder-socialized vs conduct disorder-undersocialized. In addition, there are cases that reflect the diagnostic progress of psychiatry, such as an adult case of residual attentiondeficit
Injury of Ribs and Lungs: Simple Treatment: Recovery
Authors: F. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1857)

whole wns carefuillv reimeovd d and, on making an incision ilto tlh l(IWCL5 peetielll 11P011 thle (llhtrutctinl b413 throllugh the, Colts; of' thje vbe41n.like itivertedi ItlleotIls wlulrtatIesle een 4W a (1111-k clhwolntc ( d i 14Clll Vcr4(l witlh a thivek griilnouis, of.