tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Inherited Thrombophilia on Venous Thromboembolism in Children
Authors: Guy Young, Manuela Albisetti, Mariana Bonduel, Leonardo Brandao, Anthony Chan, Frauke Friedrichs, Neil A. Goldenberg, Eric Grabowski, Christine Heller, Janna Journeycake, Gili Kenet, Anne Krümpel, Karin Kurnik, Aaron Lubetsky, Christoph Male, Marilyn Manco-Johnson, Prasad Mathew, Paul Monagle, Heleen van Ommen, Paolo Simioni, Pavel Svirin, Daniela Tormene, Ulrike Nowak-Göttl
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The aim of the present study was to estimate the impact of inherited thrombophilia (IT) on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) onset and recurrence in children by a meta-analysis of published observational studies.A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2007 was conducted using key words in combination as both MeSH terms and text words. Citations were independently screened by 2 authors, and those meeting the inclusion criteria defined a priori were retained. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of patients/controls, ethnicity, VTE type, and frequency of recurrence were abstracted. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated, and summary odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated with both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Thirty-five of 50 studies met inclusion criteria. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies. Although >70% of patients had at least 1 clinical risk factor for VTE, a statistically significant association with VTE onset was demonstrated for each IT trait evaluated (and for combined IT traits), with summary odds ratios ranging from 2.63 (95% CI, 1.61 to 4.29) for the factor II variant to 9.44 (95% CI, 3.34 to 26.66) for antithrombin deficiency. Furthermore, a significant association with recurrent VTE was found for all IT traits except the factor V variant and elevated lipoprotein(a).The present meta-analysis indicates that detection of IT is clinically meaningful in children with, or at risk for, VTE and underscores the importance of pediatric thrombophilia screening programs.
Clinical and Hemodynamic Observations in Patients with Ruptured Ventricular Septum Following Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Arthur Selzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Clinical and Hemodynamic Observations in Patients with Ruptured Ventricular Septum Following Myocardial Infarction.Arthur Selzer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Arthur Selzer, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1039_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis presentation concerns a series of seven cases of ruptured ventricular septum in the course of myocardial infarction with additional observations on four patients with ruptured cardiac septum due to trauma.Hemodynamic studies were performed 6 days to 1½ years after the septal rupture. The magnitude of left-to-right shunt ranged from 2.5 to 4.3 times the systemic cardiac output, the largest pulmonary flow being 17 liters/min. Systolic pressure in the right ventricle ranged from 30 to 78 mm Hg but was always significantly lower than systemic pressure. The calculated total pulmonary resistance varied from 100 to 420 dynes/sec per cm-5... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1039-1039KeywordsCardiac outputHemodynamicsMyocardial infarctionRight ventricleSystolic pressure Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cancer Risk Among People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Disentangling True Associations, Detection Bias, and Reverse Causation
Authors: Jessica L. Harding, Jonathan E. Shaw, Anna Peeters, Bendix Cartensen, Dianna J. Magliano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Evidence indicates an increased risk of certain cancers among people with type 2 diabetes. Evidence for rarer cancers and for type 1 diabetes is limited. We explored the excess risk of site-specific cancer incidence and mortality among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, compared with the general Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Registrants of a national diabetes registry (953,382) between 1997 and 2008 were linked to national death and cancer registries. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIRs/SMRs) are reported. RESULTS For type 1 diabetes, significant elevated SIRs were observed for pancreas, liver, esophagus, colon and rectum (females only [F]), stomach (F), thyroid (F), brain (F), lung (F), endometrium, and ovary, and decreased SIRs were observed for prostate in males. Significantly increased SMRs were observed for pancreas, liver, and kidney (males only), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, brain (F), and endometrium. For type 2 diabetes, significant SIRs were observed for almost all site-specific cancers, with highest SIRs observed for liver and pancreas, and decreased risks for prostate and melanoma. Significant SMRs were observed for liver, pancreas, kidney, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gallbladder (F), stomach (F), and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (F). Cancer risk was significantly elevated throughout follow-up time but was higher in the first 3 months postregistration, suggesting the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an excess risk of incidence and mortality for overall and a number of site-specific cancers, and this is only partially explained by bias. We suggest that screening for cancers in diabetic patients is important.
Peace deal in southern Sudan brings little respite for Darfur
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Despite the signing on 9 January of the Comprehensive Peace Settlement for Sudan, which officially ended Africa's longest war, violence in Darfur continues to escalate, jeopardising humanitarian operations and chances of a peace dividend.

Reconstruction needs are immense. Sudan has the world's highest number of displaced people: more than six million have fled the various conflicts. The south, where two million people have died from the war, has some of the world's …
IL-33 induces innate lymphoid cell–mediated airway inflammation by activating mammalian target of rapamycin
Authors: Robert J. Salmond, Ananda S. Mirchandani, Anne-Gaelle Besnard, Calum C. Bain, Neil C. Thomson, Foo Y. Liew
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)

The IL-1 family cytokine IL-33 is involved in the induction of airway inflammation in allergic patients and after viral infection. Several cell types, including CD4(+) T(H)2 cells and the recently described type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), are targets for IL-33, yet the mechanisms by which this cytokine modulates their activation are not clear.Our goal was to investigate a role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the activation of T(H)2 and ILC responses and the induction of airway inflammation by IL-33.We biochemically determined the effect of IL-33 on mTOR activation in T(H)2 cells and ILCs and examined the effect of this signaling pathway in vivo using a murine model of IL-33-induced lung inflammation.We found that IL-33 induces mTOR activation through p110δ phosphoinositide 3-kinase and that blockade of the mTOR pathway inhibited IL-33-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production by T(H)2 cells and ILCs. Furthermore, use of a ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 inhibitor implicated a role for ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 in IL-33-induced mTOR-dependent cytokine production. Intranasal administration of IL-33 to wild-type mice induced airway inflammation, whereas adoptive transfer of wild-type ILCs to IL-33 receptor-deficient (St2(-/-)) mice recapitulated this response. Importantly, coadministration of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced IL-33-dependent ILC, macrophage, and eosinophil accumulation; cytokine secretion; and mucus deposition in the airways.These data reveal a hitherto unrecognized role of mTOR signaling in IL-33-driven, ILC-dependent inflammation in vivo and suggest that manipulation of this pathway might represent a target for therapeutic intervention for airway inflammation.
Present Status of Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Arthur Selzer, Robert W. Popper, Francis Y. K. Lau, John J. Morgan, William L. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Valvular RegurgitationHemodynamic diagnosis and quantitation of valvular regurgitation presents considerable difficulties. Regurgitation through an atrioventricular valve is reflected by abnormalities of atrial pressure curves.Semilunar-valve regurgitation causes alterations of the arterial pressures on the respective sides. These changes are usually readily identifiable in severe but may be absent or inconclusive in mild or even moderate degrees of regurgitation. In tricuspid regurgitation pressure curves in the right atrium acquire "ventricularized" appearance.1 Hemodynamic diagnosis and estimation of severity of mitral regurgitation often adds little to the fairly good assessment that can be made on clinical grounds. However, the problem of estimating . . .
Unexplained Immunodeficiency in Children
Authors: Thomas Pa, Jaffe Hw, Spira Tj, Reiss R, Guerrero Ic, Auerbach D
Journal: JAMA (1984)

From Oct 1, 1982, to Oct 1, 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the CDC definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. The 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. Three of the children had a parent with AIDS, and one child who had been previously reported had received a blood transfusion from a person in whom AIDS later developed. Most of the children had at least one parent in a population group in which adult AIDS cases have occurred. Many of the children had histories of prodromal symptoms, including pneumonitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and oral thrush. The mean age at onset of illness was 5 months, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12 months. To determine whether opportunistic infection in children without underlying immunodeficiency was truly a new phenomenon, a review of requests to the CDC for the drug pentamidine isethionate was undertaken. This revealed an apparent increase from 1979 to 1983 in<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in children without known underlying immunodeficiency. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:639-644)
P132 Cleaner's Asthma : Now You See It, Now You Don't
Authors: S. Alfajjam, D. Howel, C. Stenton
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> A number of epidemiological investigations have identified asthma prevalence in cleaners around 1.5–2.0 times those of reference populations. There are around 700,000 cleaners in the UK, asthma prevalence is around 8%, and that suggests a high burden of work-related disease. However, a clinical diagnosis of occupational asthma in cleaners is established relatively rarely. We have investigated the hypothesis that this discrepancy occurs because cleaner’s asthma is a form of low dose irritant asthma that is visible to epidemiologists but does not have the typical clinical features of occupational asthma. A questionnaire was sent to 1400 cleaners working in local hospitals and universities. 14% had a previous diagnosis of asthma, and in 32% of these the asthma started after they began work as a cleaner. Investigations for possible occupational asthma comprised paired measurements of airway responsiveness at and away from work (n = 13), serial PEF analysed using OASYS-2 (n = 13) and a structured clinical history (n = 10). 5 subjects had a greater than 3 fold improvement in PD20 away from work, and 2 subjects had OASYS score &gt;2.5 indicating a probable occupational effect. 1 subject had both. The clinical histories were sent to 9 physicians with an interest in occupational asthma who were asked to score them for the likelihood of occupational asthma on a scale 0 to100% with and without the OASYS scores and the airway responsiveness measurements. Before seeing the investigation results, 7 of the 90 individual scores (9 physicians x 10 subjects) were above 50% indicating that the diagnosis of occupational asthma was thought likely. After seeing the investigation results, 29 of the 90 scores were above 50%. The mean probability score based on the history alone did not exceed 50% for any cleaner but was above 50% for 2 cleaners when the investigations were taken into account. These findings support the view that cleaner’s asthma has features that make it difficult to identify from the clinical history.
Erythropoietin couples erythropoiesis, B-lymphopoiesis, and bone homeostasis within the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Sofie Singbrant, Megan R. Russell, Tanja Jovic, Brian Liddicoat, David J. Izon, Louise E. Purton, Natalie A. Sims, T. John Martin, Vijay G. Sankaran, Carl R. Walkley
Journal: Blood (2011)
FIRST SURGERY ON PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Authors: Henry A. Christian
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Even at this late date, for the sake of historical accuracy, I call attention to an error on page 1264 ofThe Journalfor Oct. 12, 1940: Dr. Beck states that "John Monro of Boston" in 1907 suggested operation to tie off a patent ductus arteriosus. The surgeon referred to was John C. Munro, surgeon in chief at the Carney Hospital, Boston, not "John Monro."
VENTRAL HERNIA FOLLOWING LAPAROTOMY—ITS CAUSE AND MEANS OF PREVENTION.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Although we live in the era which is denominated revolutionary in the science and art of surgery, he who proposes modifications to long-established rules should do so only after the most convincing evidence upon his part of their manifest advantage and importance. It is in this spirit that I ask the judicial consideration of my surgical friends to the following brief communication: Laparotomy, from a great variety of causes, is now becoming so frequent that any method of improvement in its technique or results becomes of much greater importance than formerly. The attention of surgeons to the more essential factors of the operative procedures within the abdomen has very naturally caused the parietal wound to assume minor consideration and, as too often treated by even practiced surgeons, seems to be looked upon as a trivial matter. However, it is admitted that about 10 per cent, of all laparotomies result in
Elevated Incidence of Lung Cancer Among HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Eric A. Engels, Malcolm V. Brock, Jinbo Chen, Craig M. Hooker, Maura Gillison, Richard D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose People with HIV infection in the United States frequently smoke tobacco. We sought to characterize lung cancer incidence among HIV-infected individuals, examine whether cancer risk was related to HIV-induced immunosuppression, and assess whether the high prevalence of smoking explained elevated risk. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an HIV specialty clinic in Baltimore, MD (1989-2003). Incident lung cancers were identified using hospital records. We used negative binomial regression to compare incidence across subgroups defined by demographics, use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and HIV markers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared incidence with an urban reference population (Detroit, MI). We adjusted SIRs for the effect of smoking, using smoking prevalences estimated from part of the cohort and the general population. 95% CIs and P values were two sided. Results Thirty-three lung cancers were observed among 5,238 HIV-infected patients (incidence: 170 per 100,000 person-years). Incidence increased with age (P &lt; .0001), but did not differ by sex, race, or CD4 count. Incidence tended to increase with calendar year (P = .09) and HAART use (P = .10), and was inversely related to HIV viral load (P = .03), but these associations were attenuated with age adjustment. The SIR was 4.7 (95% CI, 3.2 to 6.5) versus the general population. Twenty-eight lung cancer patients (85%) and 69% of the cohort were smokers. After smoking adjustment, risk remained elevated (SIR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.5). Conclusion Lung cancer risk was substantially elevated in HIV-infected individuals. Incidence was unrelated to HIV-induced immunosuppression. Notably, incidence remained high after adjustment for smoking, suggesting the involvement of additional factors.
184 MONTHLY IBANDRONATE VS. WEEKLY ALENDRONATE IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS: SIMILAR EFFICACY BUT DIFFERENT ADHERENCE
Authors: A. Parés, D. Cerdá, A. Monegal, A. Muxi, L. Caballeria, P. Peris, F. Pons, N. Guañnabens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Chronic bioassays of chlorinated humic acids in B6C3F1 mice.
Authors: B L Van Duuren, S Melchionne, I Seidman, M A Pereira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Humic acids (Fluka), chlorinated to carbon:chlorine (C:Cl) ratios of 1:1 and 1:0.3, were administered to B6C3F1 mice, 50 males and 50 females per group, in the drinking water at a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 0.5 g/L. The mice were 6 to 8 weeks old at the beginning of the bioassays. The doses used were based on short-term (8 weeks) evaluations for toxicity, palatability, and weight gain. The chronic bioassays included the following control groups: unchlorinated humic acids (0.5 g/L), no-treatment (100 males and 100 females), dibromoethane (DBE, 2.0 mM in drinking water; positive control) and 0.44% sodium chloride in drinking water, i.e., at the same concentration as those receiving chlorinated humic acids. The chlorinated humic acids were prepared freshly and chemically assayed once per week. All chemicals were, with the exception of DBE, administered for 24 months; DBE was administered for 18 months. The volumes of solutions consumed were measured once weekly. All treatment groups showed normal weight gain except the DBE group. At the completion of exposure, the animals were sacrificed and necropsied, and tissue sections were taken for histopathology. No markedly significant increases in tumor incidences were evident in any of the organs and tissues examined in the chlorinated humic acid groups compared to unchlorinated humic acids and the no-treatment control groups. DBE caused the expected high incidence of squamous carcinomas of the forestomach. The chlorinated humic acids tested contained direct-acting alkylating agents, based on their reactivity with p-nitrobenzylpyridine (PNBP), and showed mutagenic activity in S. typhimurium.
Proteomic profiling of human liver biopsies: Hepatitis C virus-induced fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Deborah L. Diamond, Jon M. Jacobs, Bryan Paeper, Sean C. Proll, Marina A. Gritsenko, Robert L. Carithers, Anne M. Larson, Matthew M. Yeh, David G. Camp, Richard D. Smith, Michael G. Katze
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Liver biopsies from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients offer the unique opportunity to study human liver biology and disease in vivo . However, the low protein yields associated with these small samples present a significant challenge for proteomic analysis. In this study we describe the application of an ultrasensitive proteomics platform for performing robust quantitative proteomic studies on microgram amounts of HCV-infected human liver tissue from 15 patients at different stages of fibrosis. A high-quality liver protein database containing 5,920 unique protein identifications supported high throughput quantitative studies using 16O/18O stable isotope labeling in combination with the accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach. A total of 1,641 liver biopsy proteins were quantified, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 210 proteins exhibiting statistically significant differences associated with fibrosis stage. Hierarchical clustering showed that biopsies representative of later fibrosis stages (for example, Batts-Ludwig stages 3–4) exhibited a distinct protein expression profile, indicating an apparent down-regulation of many proteins when compared with samples from earlier fibrosis stages (for example, Batts-Ludwig stages 0–2). Functional analysis of these signature proteins suggests that impairment of key mitochondrial processes including fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, and response to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species occurs during advanced stage 3 to 4 fibrosis. Conclusion: The results reported here represent a significant advancement in clinical proteomics providing to our knowledge, the first demonstration of global proteomic alterations accompanying liver disease progression in patients chronically infected with HCV. Our findings contribute to a generally emerging theme associating oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with HCV pathogenesis. (Hepatology 2007.)
TEN Is TEN, but Is SSSS?
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Saying there are "two types of TEN [toxic epidermal necrolysis]," although it has been done scores of times, does not make it so.<sup>1</sup> There are not two types of TEN. There are two totally different diseases that superficially resemble one another: TEN and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). They have different populations at risk, different causes, different pathogenesis, different pathological lesions, different treatments, and different prognoses. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is diffuse erythema multiforme, usually affecting adults, usually caused by drug sensitivity, causing peeling of the full thickness of the epidermis, responsive to corticosteroids in the earliest phase only, and carrying a guarded prognosis. Treatment is that for an extensive, severe, second-degree burn. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a toxic-enzymatic dissolution of the epidermis in the upper granular layer that occurs almost always in infants or children, is never due to drug sensitivity, but is caused by
A DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, OR A BUREAU: WHICH?
Authors: S. S. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is assumed that theAmerican Medical Associationsubstantially agree that the time has come for some permanent branch of our national government to promote and administer the interests of public health. There is, however, a variety of plans of organization, each of which has its merits and defects, the most prominent of which may be designated a board of health, a department, a bureau, and the continuance of the present method as administered by the Marine-Hospital Service. The plan of a board of health has been tried, with such want of success that, in my opinion, it would be unwise to experiment again. It is needless now to consider where the fault chiefly lay; and there are too many yet living and active, who participated in the controversy, safely to risk the danger of its revival. The plan most favored by theAmerican Medical Associationhas been to create
Prolonged partial left heart bypass in sheep: successful use of a new type of pump
Authors: L. J. Temple, H. E. Ritchie, J. T. M. Wright, J. Koziell
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A method of partial left heart bypass is described. A non-pulsatile atraumatic pump capable of handling 2 to 4 litres of blood a minute has been developed and tested. It lends itself to easy adjustment to meet changes in left atrial and systemic pressures and can function for many hours without adjustment. Partial left heart bypass for 24 hours was carried out on sheep. No damage to the blood resulted from its use and air embolism was completely excluded. Initial difficulties associated with 24 hours' anaesthesia were solved by maintaining the animal erect in a cage. In the last series of experiments only one out of 11 sheep had an unexplained death that could have been associated with bypass. The equipment appears to be suitable for clinical trial.