tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Lateral Olfactory Tract Usher Substance (LOTUS) With Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Keita Takahashi, Yuji Kurihara, Yume Suzuki, Yoshio Goshima, Fumiaki Tanaka, Kohtaro Takei
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally considered an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, axonal degeneration through Nogo receptor-1 signaling was recently recognized as an important pathological feature. Our previous identification of lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS), an endogenous Nogo receptor-1 antagonist, prompted us to analyze the relationship between LOTUS levels of cerebrospinal fluid and the clinical course of MS to evaluate whether LOTUS could be a useful biomarker for MS.To examine variations in LOTUS concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS in accordance with their clinical course.Cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained retrospectively from normal controls (NCs; n = 27) and patients with MS (n = 40), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 22), and multiple system atrophy (n = 10) between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2014. Patients with MS were divided into relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 30) and secondary progressive MS (n = 10). Patients with RRMS were further divided into relapse and remission groups.The LOTUS concentration in cerebropsinal fluid was quantitatively detected by immunoblotting using a specific LOTUS antibody and the concentrations compared in accordance with the patients' clinical course, such as remission and relapse groups in RRMS and secondary progressive MS.The mean (SD) cerebrospinal fluid LOTUS concentration in the relapse group of RRMS (9.3 [3.6] µg/dL) was lower than that of NCs (19.2 [4.7] µg/dL; P < .001) whereas the level in the remission group of RRMS (19.6 [5.8] µg/dL) was similar to that of NCs. The LOTUS concentration in SPMS (6.7 [1.4] µg/dL; P < .001) was lower than that of NCs and the remission group of RRMS. The LOTUS levels in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple system atrophy, were normal.Variations in LOTUS concentrations were correlated with disease activity in MS. Therefore, LOTUS concentration may be useful as a possible biomarker for MS. Low LOTUS concentrations may be possibly involved in Nogo receptor-1 signaling, which may induce axonal degeneration in the relapse phase of RRMS and secondary progressive MS.
Treatment of lead intoxication. Combined use of peritoneal dialysis and edetate calcium disodium
Authors: H. Mehbod
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Four patients suffering from lead intoxication due to consumption of illicitly distilled alcohol were given small doses of edetate calcium disodium (Calcium Disodium Versenate) and then subjected to peritoneal dialysis. The rate of deleading by dialysis exceeded significantly the rate of urinary lead excretion in each patient. In each patient, the administration of edetate calcium disodium induced an increase in the amount of lead recovered in the dialysate.
Abstract 4748: Therapy model for advanced intracerebral B16 mouse melanoma using radiosurgery combined with immunotherapy.
Authors: Henry M. Smilowitz, Dan Sasso, Edward W. Lee, Peggy Micca, Gyuhyeong Goh, F Avrahamn Dilmanian
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A reproducible therapy model for advanced intracerebral B16 melanoma is reported. Implanted tumors (D0), suppressed by a single 15 Gy radiosurgical dose of 100 kVp X-rays (D8) were further suppressed by a single ip injection of a Treg depleting Mab given two days prior to the initiation (D9) of four weekly then eight bi-monthly sc injections of GMCSF-transfected, mitotically disabled B16 cells. The results of seven independent experiments were similar to the combined result: the Median (Days) [SD/Total N] of survival went from 15[1.09/62] (No Treatment Control) to 35.8[8.8/58] (Radiosurgery-Only) to 52.5[13.5/57] (Radiosurgery Plus Immunotherapy); Radiosurgery-Only and Radiosurgery Plus Immunotherapy groups were highly distinct from Controls as well as from one another (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Within two weeks after immunization, tumors in mice receiving Radiosurgery Plus Immunotherapy were significantly smaller than tumors in mice treated only with Radiosurgery. Splenocytes and lymph node cells from immunized mice showed increased interferon Y production when cultured with syngenic tumor cells. We hypothesize that our model will be useful for the development and testing of novel combination therapies for brain tumors. Citation Format: Henry M. Smilowitz, Dan Sasso, Edward W. Lee, Peggy Micca, Gyuhyeong Goh, F Avrahamn Dilmanian. Therapy model for advanced intracerebral B16 mouse melanoma using radiosurgery combined with immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4748. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4748
Uptake of antenatal screening for HIV infection can be high outside London too
Authors: G. Dean, M. Fisher, M. Ottewill
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Cliffe et al point out that if the national target of an 80% reduction in vertical transmission of HIV is to be reached by December 2002 then rates of antenatal diagnosis of HIV infection must improve outside London.1

Results from an unlinked anonymous survey of salivary dried blood spots suggest that …
Distribution of the gut hormones in the primate intestinal tract.
Authors: M G Bryant, S R Bloom
Journal: Gut (1979)

Reliable and specific radioimmunoassays have been developed for the gut hormones secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic glucagon, VIP, GIP, motilin, and enteroglucagon. Using these assays, the relative pattern of distribution of the gut hormones has been determined using the same bowel extracts for all measurements. VIP occurred in high concentration in all regions of the bowel, whereas secretin, GIP, motilin, and CCK were predominantly localised in the proximal small intestine. Pancreatic glucagon was almost exclusively confined to the pancreas. Like VIP, enteroglucagon also exhibited a wide pattern of distribution but was maximal in the ileum. The acid ethanol extraction method that was used was found to be unsuitable for gastrin. On gel chromatography of the extracts, motilin and VIP eluted as single molecular species in identical position to the pure porcine peptides. CCK, pancreatic glucagon, enteroglucagon and GIP were all multiform.
Effect of Household-Based Drinking Water Chlorination on Diarrhoea among Children under Five in Orissa, India: A Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sophie Boisson, Matthew Stevenson, Lily Shapiro, Vinod Kumar, Lakhwinder P. Singh, Dana Ward, Thomas Clasen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Sophie Boisson and colleagues conducted a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in Orissa, a state in southeast India, to evaluate the effect of household water treatment in preventing diarrheal illnesses in children aged under five years of age. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Torsades de pointes complicating treatment with terodiline.
Authors: A A McLeod, S Thorogood, S Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1991)

s letter with admiration for his purpose and sadness at the stereotyped reality he rightly denotes.'Recently, in the course of a clinic, after I had politely introduced myself a patient strongly objected that I was not the doctor he was there to see.He indicated the small piece of paper given to him at the clinic reception, which clearly specified "Dr Reg."This anonymity exemplifies the lack of com- mitment to non-consultant doctors that is evident through all grades.As a way of working it not only devalues "junior doctors" but, worse, fails best to serve patients, who are often left confused about whom they have been sent to see and deceived at not being seen by a "senior doctor."There should be a list of doctors working in each department on display for patients to see, and the doors of consulting rooms should be clearly labelled with each doctor's name and seniority.The juniorsenior divide needs to be carefully scrutinised.After all, whose side are we on?
Absorption of Vitamin B12 in Pernicious Anaemia: III. Failure of Fresh Milk or Concentrated Whey to Function as Castle's Intrinsic Factor or to Potentiate the Action of Orally Administered Vitamin B12
Authors: C. C. Ungley
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Except in one patient (Case 404) who received juice stored for 14 days, the juice was either fresh or not more than three days old.Other workers have used pooled gastric juice which may have been stored.Campbell, Hall, and Morgan (1949) state that the intrinsic factor in gastric juice is not destroyed by storage at 50 C. for three months, but did not indicate whether there is a lessening of activity.Hall et al. (1949) found that Berkefeld-filtered gastric juice was active in a proportion of 150 ml. per 5 ,ug. of vitamin Bl2, but comparisons with unfiltered gastric juice are not mentioned.In our Case 201 Seitz filtration of gastric juice apparently led to loss of all or most of its intrinsic factor activity.How Efficiently is Vitamin B,.Absorbed When Given Oraly With Gastric Juie ?It is obvious from the Table that the results are very variable.In four out of eight of my patients the effect of vitamin B,2 given orally with gastric juice was about as effective as if the same dose of vitamin had been injected into these patients.In two others the corrected oral-dose/parenteral-dose ratio was about 10: 1.In one case oral therapy failed completely, and in another the amount of gastric juice was too small.Calculations similar to those used for my cases can be applied to the first three cases reported by Berk et al. (1948).These patients received 5 ,ug. of vitamin B1, with 150 ml.-of normal gastric juice daily for 10 days.The increase in red blood cells in 10 days was approximately equivalent to that which would have been expected from single injections of 10, 5, and 5 ,ug.In other words, the amounts of vitamin B1., given orally with gastric juice were
Scientific Basis of Manipulation
Authors: J. C. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Background</h3> According to the 2014 Surgeon General’s Report (SGR), ‘5.6 million (American) youth currently aged 0–17 years of age will die prematurely of a smoking-related illness.’ Advocates cite this number as evidence that smoking will exact an enormous toll for decades to come. This paper examines whether the projected toll accurately portrays smoking’s likely future burden. <h3>Methods</h3> The SGR estimate, using 2012 state-specific data, can be closely approximated using national data by multiplying the population ages 0–17 by 2012 smoking prevalence among adults ages 18–30, and multiplying that by 32%, the 1996 estimate by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the probability of future smoking-attributable mortality among young adult smokers. Repeating this process using 2018 data estimates the number of future deaths of youth ages 0–17 in 2018. A hypothetical estimate for 2024 assumes continuation of the 2012–2018 smoking prevalence decrease. <h3>Findings</h3> Based on 2012 data, the estimated number of youth alive in 2012 who will die prematurely from smoking is 5.31 million. With lower young adult smoking prevalence in 2018, the future smoking-related mortality estimate is 3.66 million. For 2024, the estimate is 2.54 million. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The SGR estimate depended on assumptions that no longer held a few years later. Yet advocates for youth smoking prevention cite it frequently today. Considerations such as this paper’s calculations, decreasing smoking initiation rates, increasing cessation, better screening for and treatment of smoking-related diseases, and smoking’s increasing social unacceptability suggest that smoking’s death toll for today’s youth will be far lower than contemporary estimates. How much lower is virtually impossible to estimate.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Robert M Jasmer, Payam Nahid, Philip C Hopewell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A 44-year-old man who recently immigrated from Peru is found to have induration of 16 mm on a tuberculin skin test. He received bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine as an infant and is asymptomatic. Chest radiography shows fibronodular opacities in the upper lobe. In another case, a 27-year-old schoolteacher born in the United States has induration of 17 mm on a tuberculin skin test, no symptoms, and a normal chest radiograph. How should these patients' cases be managed?
Clinical Performance Measures and Medical Malpractice
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Histoplasmosis and asplenia
Authors: H. V K Naina, C. F Thomas, S. Harris
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Histoplasmosis and aspleniaA 42-year-old asplenic woman was evaluated for a 2-week history of intermittent high-grade fevers and pleuritic chest pain and skin rash (figure 1).A CT scan of the chest showed multiple small nodules on both lungs (figure 2).Fungal serological studies were negative.A skin biopsy revealed palisading dermal granulomatous inflammation with focal vascular destruction and was negative for any organisms (figure 3).Bronchoalveolar lavage did not yield positive results for any organism.Open lung biopsy showed necrotising granulomatous inflammation and Histoplasma capsulatum (figure 4).She was treated with itraconazole for 6 months.Her skin rash disappeared in 2 weeks and complete radiological resolution of the lung nodules occurred after 3 months of treatment.Asplenic patients are prone to histoplasmosis. 1 Skin rash is associated with pulmonary histoplasmosis.Patients living in endemic areas for histoplasmosis who undergo splenectomy should be encouraged to wear a mask to prevent exposure to Histoplasma while working with soil.
Prevalence of spina bifida occulta in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and its relation to urodynamic and neurophysiological measurements.
Authors: A. Fidas, H. L. MacDonald, R. A. Elton, A. McInnes, S. R. Wild, G. D. Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the relation between neurophysiological abnormalities and the radiological detection of spina bifida occulta in patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.Blind assessment and subsequent decoding of mixed batch of abdominal radiographs from patients with and without urological symptoms for evidence of spina bifida occulta and comparison of results with those of previous control series.Review study among tertiary referrals to an incontinence clinic of a city hospital.One hundred and thirty eight adults with proved urodynamic abnormalities in whom neurophysiological measurements were available.None.Correlation of neurophysiological abnormalities in lower urinary tract dysfunction with presence and type of spina bifida occulta and level of opening of posterior sacral arcs.On decoding radiographs those from patients without urological symptoms showed a similar prevalence of spina bifida occulta to that in the control series (631/2707 controls; 23%). By contrast, patients with urological symptoms had a significantly increased prevalence of spina bifida occulta at S1 and S2 and a higher level of opening of posterior sacral arcs. The increased prevalence of the bony defect was particularly striking in men with urgency and instability and in women with stress incontinence. No significant correlation was found between any particular neurophysiological abnormality and the presence of spina bifida.In patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract neurophysiological abnormalities may be associated with congenital dysraphic lesions in the lower lumbar spine and sacrum. There appears to be no direct causal relation between the radiological and neurophysiological abnormalities but the findings suggest a common aetiological factor.
The Role of Calcium in the Pathogenesis of Gallstones: Ca++ Electrode Studies of Model Bile Salt Solutions and Other Biologic Systems†
Authors: Edward W. Moore
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Calcium is present in all pigment gallstones as a salt of one or more of the anions in bile which are most readily precipitable by calcium: (i) carbonate; (ii) bilirubinate; (iii) phosphate, and (iv) “palmitate”. We term these “calcium-sensitive” anions. In addition, since cholesterol stones have been found to contain pigment stone centers, we postulate that calcium precipitation in bile is a critical event in the initiation of cholesterol gallstones, so that the latter should be considered a two-stage process: (i) precipitation of calcium salts to form a nidus, and (ii) precipitation of cholesterol from its supersaturated state on this nidus. Any measure which will reduce free [Ca ++ ] in bile will reduce calcium lithogenicity; possible ways to reduce [Ca ++ ] in bile are presented. One way is to increase Ca ++ binding by normal biliary constituents; we have recently pointed out that bile salts are important buffers for Ca ++ in bile by virtue of binding to both free and micellar bile salts. Here, we consider some of our Ca ++ electrode studies of taurocholate, glycocholate, serum albumin, and simple molecules having terminal carboxyl (COO − ) or sulfonic (SO − 3) ions. A brief history of the development of the Ca ++ electrode is given, along with theoretical considerations of ionic activities and techniques of electrode measurements. From the various studies, a unifying hypothesis is proposed for the structural requirements of Ca ++ −binding to proteins (albumin) and free monomeric bile salts. For proteins, unconjugated bile salts and glycine-conjugated bile salts, it is proposed that Ca ++ binding involves a reversible ion-exchange “site” in which a Ca ++ ion is interposed between carboxyl (CO0 − ) and hydroxyl (OH) groups. For taurine-conjugated bile salts, this “site” is proposed to involve the interposition of a Ca ++ ion between the side-chain SO − 3 and cholanic ring OH groups. These studies are a first step toward modulation of Ca ++ activity in bile.
58 THE KRUPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 6 (KLF6) GENOTYPE WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH NAFLD PROGRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER FASTING SERUM GLUCOSE LEVELS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
Authors: G. Beale, L. Pascoe, L. Miele, E. Bugianesi, M. Walker, C. Day, H. Reeves
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Use of HIV Antibody Testing by Physicians-Reply
Authors: Keith Henry
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —The letter by Dr Decker illustrates the complexity of the issues related to clinical HIV testing. We do not believe that the example he cites warrants HIV testing without consent or counseling. In Minnesota, a low-incidence area for HIV infection, the chance of a transfusion recipient receiving an HIV-infected unit of blood from 1980 to 1984 was estimated to be 1:16 000. A history of blood transfusion from an area with a high incidence of HIV infection would carry a greater risk. In addition, an elderly person could be at risk from sexual exposure. Through January 1988 in Minnesota, 38 of the HIV-seropositive persons (6%) reported to the Minnesota Department of Health have been aged 50 years or older. Twenty of those persons (53%) acquired their HIV infections via male-to-male sexual contact.  If an HIV test was ordered without permission, the patient's hospital bill would probably list a
The Heart Has No Wrinkles
Authors: Maggie Hadro-Venzke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This is a short, powerful teaching video designed to open discussion on the sensitive topics of human sexuality and the aging process. As health care providers, we put on our "professional hat" (professing objectivity in dealing with all patients), forgetting that we, too, are influenced by preconceived notions and societal stereotypes about aging. These ideas affect our interactions with the elderly and allow us to avoid the human aspect of the aged and their special needs for intimacy. This video sparks many emotions and thoughts about our own aging and sexual identity and how we interact with others. The tape begins with a television scene of an on-the-street reporter interviewing young persons on the meaning of sexuality. This opens a brief discussion between nursing home residents and the staff on the subject. The scene quickly changes, focusing on the daily activities of the nursing home. A nurse, Jane, goes to
Antigenic relevance of F protein in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Florence Komurian-Pradel, Alain Rajoharison, Jean-Luc Berland, Valérie Khouri, Magali Perret, Mark Van Roosmalen, Stanislas Pol, Francesco Negro, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccalà
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) F protein is a recently described, frameshift product of HCV core encoding sequence of genotype 1a. Its function and antigenic properties are unknown. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we assessed the prevalence of anti-F antibodies in 154 patients chronically infected with HCV, 65 patients with other liver diseases, and 121 healthy controls. For this purpose, we expressed a highly purified HCV F recombinant protein from HCV genotype 1a in Escherichia coli. Because the F protein shares the 10 first amino acids with the core protein, the anti-HCV F response was also assessed by a F recombinant protein deleted of its 10 first amino acids [Δ(1-10)-F]. Ninety-six (62%) of the 154 HCV serum samples reacted with the complete F recombinant protein, whereas 39 (25%) showed a weaker anti-Δ(1-10)F reactivity and 150 (97%) had anti-core antibodies. No reactivity against F, Δ(1-10)F, or core was detected in any of the controls. To exclude a potential cross-reaction of anti-F antibodies with anti-core antibodies, a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for anti-core antibodies. The specificity of anti-F antibodies was confirmed using an F synthetic peptide. The prevalence of anti-F antibodies did not correlate with HCV RNA serum level, genotype, or stage of liver disease. Sequence analysis from 8 anti-F–-positive and 5 anti-F–-negative serum samples did not reveal any particular difference potentially accounting for their respective anti-F responses. In conclusion, the F protein elicits specific antibodies in 62% of individuals chronically infected with HCV; such anti-F response does not seem to be affected by the F sequence heterogeneity. (Hepatology 2004;40:900-909).