tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aortoesophageal fistula. Late complication after repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm
Authors: L. A. Smaha
Journal: JAMA (1978)

COMMUNICATIONS between aortic aneurysms and the bronchial tree are believed to be related to pulsatile pressure phenomena that, if uncorrected, result in death. With the introduction of prosthetic grafts and surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms, aortogastrointestinal fistulas are a rare complication. Cases of communications between an aortic graft and the bronchial tree also have been reported previously.1,2To our knowledge, this is the first report of communication between the esophagus and thoracic aorta after replacement of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with a synthetic graft.  Report of a Case  A 58-year-old man had been treated for hypertension since age 53 years. He was examined at age 55 years because of an episode of chest pain. Three years later, thoracic aneurysm was suspected when angiography was attempted unsuccessfully. The patient was referred to us in November 1975; he underwent successful resection of a thoracic aortic aneurysm and replacement with a
“Role of the B-cell receptor and the microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia’’
Authors: P Oppezzo, G Dighiero
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Abstract Despite significant progress in treatment, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Advances have been made to understand the molecular pathogenesis underlying CLL progression and treatment resistance. We here review the available evidences concerning the role of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and the tumor microenvironment interactions in CLL pathogenesis. Antigen likely has a key role in the selection of the tumoral clone, the mutational status of immunoglobulin genes is a strong prognostic predictor and BCR signaling has been postulated to have a role for CLL trafficking and interaction with the stromal microenvironment. There is also important evidence, favoring a role for the microenvironment in CLL pathogenesis. Most, if not all, proliferative events occur in the lymph nodes and bone marrow, where leukemic cells receive through microenvironment interactions survival signals aiming to avoid apoptosis and acquire favorable tumoral growing conditions. In addition, the tumoral microenvironment appears to be the site where the acquisition of additional genetic lesions in the clone occur, which should greatly influence clinical outcome. The advent of new tyrosine kinase inhibitors which seem to be able to modulate microenvironment interactions and circumvent the p53 deletion have generated significant promise by raising the possibility that they could provide significant progress in disease treatment.
GW25-e1142 Long-term follow-up outcome of cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation from single center
Authors: Liu Jun, Ming Tang, Yan Kaufmann, Charalampos Kriatselis, Eckart Fleck, Gerds-Li Jinhong, Pihua Fang, Shu Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
SELECTION OF PRASUGREL VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL AMONG MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH HIGH VERSUS LOW PREDICTED MORTALITY AND BLEEDING RISKS: INSIGHTS FROM TRANSLATE-ACS
Authors: Amit Vora, Eric Peterson, Lisa McCoy, Mark Effron, Kevin Anstrom, Douglas Faries, Marjorie Zettler, Gregg Fonarow, Brian Baker, Gregg Stone, Tracy Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Nail bed keratinocytes express an antigen of the carcinoembryonic antigen family
Authors: K. Egawa, M. Kuroki, Y. Inoue, T. Ono
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related molecules, we detected strong expression of an antigen, with immunoreactivity consistent with non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) (CD66c), in all of 26 normal human nail specimens obtained from various fingers and toes. In longitudinal sections, strong and constant expression of the NCA-like antigen was seen on keratinocytes distributed in the upper epithelial cell layers of the nail bed, while in transverse sections the expression was limited to the major central portions of the nail bed, but only where longitudinal epidermal ridges were observed. In the hyponychium and the ventral aspect of the proximal nail fold, the expression was weak or lacking. No expression was seen in the nail matrix, the nail plate, or the dorsal aspect of the proximal nail fold. The same results were obtained for all of the 26 nails studied. This report is the first to demonstrate that an antigen of the CEA family, with NCA-like immunoreactivity, is expressed in a specific subpopulation of keratinocytes in the nail bed. The specific expression pattern suggests that the antigen may play a part in adhesion of the nail plate to the nail bed.
Gene polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiotensin‐converting enzyme in patients with asthma
Authors: Y. C. Lee, K. T. Cheon, H. B. Lee, W. Kim, Y. K. Rhee, D. S. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Nitric oxide, including that produced by endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), may regulate vascular and airway tone in the lungs and may influence various aspects of airway homeostasis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed at high levels in the lungs and plays a role in the metabolism of angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P, all of which are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. An insertion‐deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene has been shown to be associated with enzyme activity levels of ACE. To examine the possible involvement of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes as the genetic basis of bronchial asthma, we investigated whether there was any association between bronchial asthma and polymorphisms of the ecNOS and/or ACE genes. Methods: A total of 310 patients with bronchial asthma and 121 healthy subjects took part in this study. The ecNOS and ACE genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The distribution of one genotype (bb) of ecNOS was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control population. The ACE genotype distribution was not significantly different between the control and the asthma groups. In asthmatic patients, the ACE and ecNOS genotype distribution did not differ significantly among groups of patients with different severities of asthma. Conclusions: These results suggest that polymorphisms of the ecNOS gene, but not the ACE gene, may be associated with the development of asthma. However, the severity of asthma may not be influenced by polymorphisms of the ecNOS and ACE genes.
Biological significance of the expression of HIV-related chemokine coreceptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) and their ligands by human hematopoietic cell lines
Authors: M Majka, T Rozmyslowicz, M Honczarenko, J Ratajczak, MA Wasik, GN Gaulton, MZ Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
P256 Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with continuous positive airways pressure alters haemostasis: further data on the use of fractal analysis to measure microstructure of incipient clot
Authors: M Wilczynska, KE Lewis, S Stanford, M Lawrence, K Hawkins, PR Williams, PA Evans
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Untreated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) increases cardiovascular risk and altered haemostasis is at least partly implicated. As previously reported using fractal analysis and a new biomarker called fractal dimension (Df) it is possible to assess the microstructure of incipient clot in whole blood (1). Df relates to the kinetics of clot formation and quantifies clot fibrin network microstructure as it forms. A higher Df represents a more pro-coagulable state. Healthy volunteers have a reproducible Df of 1.74(0.07) (2). <h3>Aim</h3> To see if Df changes in OSAS after an acute and subacute treatment with CPAP. <h3>Methods</h3> 36 patients with newly diagnosed OSAS: 32 males, mean (SD), BMI = 37.1 (7.5) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, age 56.6 (10.2) years, 4% desaturation rate (4% DR) = 44.6 (31.1) events/hour, Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) 13.23 (5.0). Blood was collected at baseline prior to CPAP treatment and then after the first night and 4 weeks of CPAP. Samples were tested for fractal analysis (AR-G2 Rheometer, TA Instruments, UK). <h3>Results</h3> Patients who were commenced on CPAP were followed up within an average of 36.97(6.29) days. CPAP compliance was overall satisfactory with a mask on average time of 4.43 (1.8) hrs/night. Repeated overnight pulse oximetry while on CPAP showed a significant improvement in sleep study variables (4% DR = 7.58 (8.3) events/hr; p &lt; 0.001) when compared to pre-CPAP measurements. CPAP use resulted in the significant reduction in Df (ANOVA p &lt; 0.001) (Figure 1). Post-hoc analysis (Tukey HSD) showed that an acute (1 night, p &lt; 0.001) and a short period (1 month, p = 0.01) CPAP treatment both resulted in the significant change in Df levels when compared to the baseline. <h3>Conclusion</h3> As reported previously OSAS is associated with a significantly increased prothrombotic state in the morning that is detected by Df. Acute CPAP use in OSAS is sufficient to alter fibrin clot microstructure which can be quantified with Df. This preliminary data suggest Df could be used as a new sensitive biomarker to assess vascular risk. <h3>References</h3> Wilczynska M <i>et al</i><i>Thorax</i>. 2012;67:A23-A23 Evans PA <i>et al</i><i>Blood</i>. 2010;116:3341–3346
Caspase-1 Regulates<i>Escherichia coli</i>Sepsis and Splenic B Cell Apoptosis Independently of Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-18
Authors: Anasuya Sarkar, Mark W. Hall, Matthew Exline, Judy Hart, Nina Knatz, Na Tosha Gatson, Mark D. Wewers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Caspase-1 processes interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 but may also contribute to apoptosis. In this context, caspase-1 knockout mice have been shown to be protected from endotoxin-induced mortality, whereas IL-1β knockout mice are not protected.Objectives: We therefore sought to delineate the mechanisms responsible for the differential responses between caspase-1 and IL-1β knockout mice.Methods: Caspase-1 knockout, IL-1β knockout, and IL-1β/IL-18 double knockout mice were compared with wild-type mice for survival after intraperitoneal challenge with live Escherichia coli.Measurements and Main Results: Caspase-1 knockout animals were protected from bacterial challenge, whereas wild-type, IL-1β knockout, and IL-1β/IL-18 double knockout animals were not. Wild-type animals and both IL-1β knockout and IL-1β/IL-18 double knockout mice demonstrated significant splenic B lymphocyte apoptosis, which was absent in the caspase-1 knockout mice. Importantly, IL-1β/IL-18 double knockout mice were protected from splenic cell apoptosis and sepsis-induced mortality by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Furthermore, wild-type but not caspase-1 knockout splenic B lymphocytes induced peritoneal macrophages to assume an inhibitory phenotype.Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that caspase-1 is important in the host response to sepsis at least in part via its ability to regulate sepsis-induced splenic cell apoptosis.
Needs for Continuing Education for Psychiatrists: A Preliminary Report of a Survey of Florida Psychiatrists
Authors: SAMUEL R. WARSON, SIDNEY B. DENMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In order to assess the needs for structured continuing education programs for psychiatrists, the authors conducted a state-wide questionnaire survey among Florida psychiatrists. This instrument sought information about retrospective deficiencies in residency training programs and attitudes toward formal post-residency educational activities of a supplementary or ongoing nature. Preliminary results are included.
Die zytologische Untersuchung von Beckenorganen mit der Nadelbiopsie
Authors: H. Reuter
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

Fine-needle biopsy makes it possible to examine cytologically the tissue of the organs of the pelvis, especially of the prostate without causing the patient an inconvenience or endangering him. In opposition to TUR-biopsy, Silverman needle biopsy and operative biopsy, it can be performed as a routine procedure without any risk and with little technical effort at the doctor's office.
Products of the fos and jun proto-oncogenes bind cooperatively to the AP1 DNA recognition sequence.
Authors: G Risse, M Neuberg, J B Hunter, B Verrier, R Müller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The products of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun form a tight protein complex that is a major component of the transcription factor AP1. To analyze the role of fos in the binding of this complex to the AP1 DNA recognition sequence and the mechanism of interaction in further detail, we have expressed a fos protein in E. coli using an expression vector containing the temperature-inducible lambda PL promoter and a synthetic translational start codon. The fos protein encoded by this construct (termed Baf) was enriched by biochemical purification techniques and was found to form a specific complex with c-jun obtained by in vitro transcription/translation. As shown in gel retardation assays, the baf/jun complex binds to the AP1 DNA recognition sequence with high affinity, while no significant binding was observed with either of the individual protein components, indicating cooperative DNA binding of the two proteins. The fact that the bacterial baf protein does not undergo glycosylation indicates that the post-translational modification of eukaryotic c-fos with N-acetylglucosamine is not required for the formation of a stable fos/jun/DNA complex.
Signaling transduction mechanisms mediating biological actions of the vascular endothelial growth factor family
Authors: I Zachary
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

The central role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in angiogenesis in health and disease makes it attractive both as a therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic drugs and as a pro-angiogenic cytokine for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. While VEGF binds to two receptor protein tyrosine kinases, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR), most biological functions of VEGF are mediated via VEGFR2, and the role of VEGFR1 is currently unknown. Neuropilin-1, a non-tyrosine kinase transmembrane molecule, may function as a co-receptor for VEGFR2. Considerable progress has recently been made towards delineating the signal transduction pathways distal to activation of VEGFR2. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C and Akt pathways are all strongly implicated in mediating diverse cellular biological functions of VEGF, including cell survival, proliferation, the generation of nitric oxide and prostacyclin and angiogenesis. Upregulation of metalloproteinases, activation of focal adhesion kinase and interactions between VEGF receptors and integrins are strongly implicated in VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration. Recent findings suggest important roles for the vasodilators nitric oxide and prostacyclin, in linking post-receptor signaling networks to downstream biological effects and in mediating some in vivo endothelial functions of VEGF.
Pathobiology of Development, or Ontogeny Revisited
Authors: Nelson R. Niles
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book, a symposium under the joint sponsorship of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and the Pediatric Pathology Club, serves biologists, oncologists of all disciplines, geneticists, and pediatricians, in addition to academic pathologists. The first lecture is Warkany's history of teratologic research "limited to the last 8,000 years." This summary of our heritage supplies insight into present attitudes about monsters and anomalies. Are our minds broad enough to visualize the fields of our knowledge? Could this be why some scientists pursue an ever-narrowing spiral of investigation rather than explore the new worlds before them? Wilson, writing on principles of teratology, appears unnecessarily complex though basic. Central to the study of development is the natural control of growth. What directs normal differential development with its delicate and critical timing? Saxen begins to invade this field, and Holtzer and Kretchmer further attack the heart of the subject and try to
Another African disaster.
Authors: J. Wright, H. Ford
Journal: BMJ (1992)

In 1992, the worst drought in recorded history hit southern Africa. It especially affected the eastern area of Swaziland where staff at a rural district hospital, Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki, struggled to treat rising numbers of ill and malnourished people. 10% of the population in this area reached the advanced stage of starvation. Almost 50% did not have enough food to meet their nutritional needs. Women had to travel as far as 15 miles to retrieve water from tankers and sometimes wait for days because other water sources evaporated. Maize did not grow. The subsistence farmers and their families, who made up most of the population, were able to use food stored from the year before, but it only postponed hunger. They sold their cattle (their symbol of wealth), borrowed money, and migrated to cities, leaving children and grandparents to provide for themselves. This area also had an influx of refugees from Mozambique who tended to receive more food than the natives. The incidence, but not the types, of diseases increased much during the drought. These diseases included diarrhea, respiratory infections, measles, marasmus, kwashiorkor, and vitamin deficiencies. The drought did reduce the incidence of malaria, however. Nongovernmental organizations helped with food and in measuring the effects of the drought, e.g., with anthropometric surveys of young children. The international community offered to send Swaziland more than 100,000 tons of cereal, but by December 1992 the cereal had not arrived. The people distributed the limited food to those most in need. The limited maize available for distribution was yellow, but the people were accustomed to white maize and believed yellow maize to be poisonous. When droughts occur, the crux of the problem in developing countries is the pressure exerted by multinational lending institutions to earn foreign currency to pay interest on national debt.
Childhood obstructive sleep apnoea: Anaesthetic implications for adenotonsillectomy are important
Authors: David R Ball, Paul Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients Potential ramifications are alarmingEditor-In their systematic review and meta-analysis Griffiths et al conclude that tracheostomies should be performed earlier in critically ill patients. 1As ear, nose, and throat surgeons we find the potential ramifications quite alarming, primarily as undertaking this major operation is not without potential morbidity in patients who are already systemically unwell. 2 3 These patients are often anaemic and have coagulopathies and sepsis among other comorbidities-points that we thought the authors had not discussed, and factors that have implications for the surgical procedure.In our experience, many patients listed for tracheostomy from intensive care units are extubated or sometimes die while waiting for their procedure; if tracheostomy were performed immediately these patients would be subjected to unnecessary procedures.The postoperative sequelae of tracheostomy are a slow weaning process before patients can be decannulated, followed by potential tracheal stenosis. 4hese patients may be able to leave intensive care earlier, but Griffiths et al do not say how long they then remain inpatients before discharge because of problems with rehabilitation with a tracheostomy tube in situ.Interestingly, although duration of ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were shortened by an earlier tracheostomy, mortality was not altered and inpatient stay was likely to have been lengthened. 5he authors divided timing of tracheostomy into two groups, demarcated by seven days after intubation, making an artificial separation that seems invalid.It would have been more interesting to see whether increasing number of days have a proportional relation to the duration of ventilation and stay in intensive care on a linear scale.We advise great caution in interpreting the findings of Griffiths et al and about its impact on the delivery of the tracheostomy service in hospitals.
Orienteering competition injuries: injuries incurred in the Finnish Jukola and Venla relay competitions.
Authors: P E Linko, H K Blomberg, H M Frilander
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

The aim of this study was to find out the amount, type, and localisation of acute orienteering injuries in the 1995 Finnish Jukola (men's) and Venla (women's) relay competitions with 9724 participants.Patient data were collected on a preplanned form at the first aid station.There were 244 acute competition injuries. The overall injury incidence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2 to 2.8), 2.3% in the men's relay and 3.2% in the women's relay, and the difference between incidences among men and women was statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) 1.4; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9). The injury rates were also calculated per 1000 competition hours and per 1000 km and were 15.4 and 2.6 respectively. Most of the injuries could be treated at the first aid station. Female orienteers had more blisters (OR 4.4; 95% CI 2.5 to 7.9) and fewer wounds (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.0) than male orienteers. Injuries occurred mostly in the lower extremities (70%), and ankle sprains accounted for 25% of all injuries. Injuries were more common during the first leg of both relays.This study shows the heavy workload in a first aid station of a big orienteering relay competition. It indicates a difference in injuries between the sexes and in the different stages of the relay, which should be further investigated in order to prevent orienteering competition injuries.