tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poor science does not explain why papers are rejected
Authors: T. D. Noakes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sawka concludes that poor science, not conflicts of interest, explains why papers are rejected by leading journals, including the Journal of Applied Physiology and Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , the editorial boards and review panels of which contain people with close connections to the sports drink industry.1 If true, the rejected papers would not attract high citation rates when …
Targeting of metastasis-promoting tumor-associated fibroblasts and modulation of pancreatic tumor-associated stroma with a carboxymethylcellulose-docetaxel nanoparticle
Authors: Mark J. Ernsting, Bryan Hoang, Ines Lohse, Elijus Undzys, Pinjiang Cao, Trevor Do, Bethany Gill, Melania Pintilie, David Hedley, Shyh-Dar Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Scrub Typhus in South Vietnam
Authors: STEVEN J. BERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

With the use of indirect fluorescent antibody or mouse inoculation methods, scrub typhus was diagnosed in 109 of 1650 febrile American servicemen in Vietnam. The fluorescent antibody test was positive in all 32 patients from whom rickettsia were recovered, but a rising antibody titer to Proteus OXK occurred in only 47%, which included only 5 of 27 patients infected with Gilliam strain. The diagnosis was clinically suspected in only 51 patients. Generalized lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis were commoner than either eschar or rash, and, in the absence of the latter findings, the illness was frequently mistaken for infectious mononucleosis. Early treatment with tetracycline shortened the duration of illness and suppressed the convalescence indirect fluorescent antibody titer. No relapses occurred in those patients who received tetracycline for at least 7 days.
Comparison of Repaglinide and Nateglinide in Combination With Metformin
Authors: Michelle A. Baron
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

I believe there are significant limitations in the study by Raskin et al. (1) in the June issue of Diabetes Care that preclude broad conclusions about the relative efficacy of nateglinide and repaglinide. They presented the results of a “head-to-head assessment of the relative efficacy and safety of repaglinide versus nateglinide, under conditions of combination therapy with metformin.”

The authors concluded that when both agents were compared in combination with metformin, repaglinide lowered fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c significantly better than nateglinide and with a similar safety profile. The design …
A DEATH FROM ALPHA-DINITROPHENOL POISONING
Authors: J. C. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At 6:25 p. m., August 27, H. G. was admitted to the Central Emergency Hospital with the complaint that he had taken 5 grains (0.3 Gm.) of alpha-dinitrophenol that morning at 11:50. The patient stated that he was an M.D., a graduate of Vienna, and that he had taken a dose one week before (August 20) without untoward results. The patient informed Dr. Charles Bennenger, the assistant surgeon, that he had obtained the drug from a physician at a local hospital in order to attempt a reduction in his weight. Soon after taking the drug at 11: 50 a. m., the patient stated that he went for a walk and returned to his rooms soon afterward. About 4 p. m. he began to notice a feeling of apprehension; other than palpitation, he had no definite complaint. He became more restless and uneasy, and finally, about 6 o'clock,
The dilated upper urinary tract.
Authors: P H O'Reilly, E W Lupton, H J Testa
Journal: BMJ (1979)

months.Three of them had had unsuccessful kidney transplants before CAPD and the fourth, a 3-year old, had Wilms's tumours.Although our experience is still too short to allow us more generalised conclusions, we are convinced that the availability of CAPD in- creases the therapeutic armamentarium in the management of children with end-stage renal disease.
Overexpression of metallothionein in the heart of transgenic mice suppresses doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
Authors: Y J Kang, Y Chen, A Yu, M Voss-McCowan, P N Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Metallothionein (MT) may provide protection against doxorubicin-induced heart damage. To test this hypothesis, a heart-specific promoter was used to drive the expression of human MT-IIa gene in transgenic mice. Four healthy transgenic mouse lines were produced. Cardiac MT was constitutively overexpressed from 10- to 130-fold higher than normal. The MT concentration was not altered in liver, kidneys, lungs, or skeletal muscles. Other antioxidant components including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were not altered in the MT-overexpressing heart. Mice (7-wk-old) from transgenic lines expressing MT activity 10- or 130-fold higher than normal and from nontransgenic controls were treated intraperitoneally with doxorubicin at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, and were killed on the 4th day after treatment. As compared to normal controls, transgenic mice exhibited a significant resistance to in vivo doxorubicin-induced cardiac morphological changes, and the increase in serum creatine phosphokinase activity. Atria isolated from transgenic mice and treated with doxorubicin in tissue bath was also more resistant to functional damage induced by this drug. The results provide direct evidence for the role of MT in cardioprotection against doxorubicin toxicity.
Phase I Trial of Intraperitoneal Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, and Paclitaxel in Optimally Debulked Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Setsuko K. Chambers, H-H. Sherry Chow, Mike F. Janicek, Janiel M. Cragun, Kenneth D. Hatch, Haiyan Cui, Cynthia Laughren, Mary C. Clouser, Janice L. Cohen, Heather M. Wright, Nisreen Abu Shahin, David S. Alberts
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: This phase I trial evaluated intraperitoneal (i.p.) pemetrexed, cisplatin, and paclitaxel in optimally debulked ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Dose escalation of day 1 i.p. pemetrexed accrued three patients to each of five dose levels (60–1,000 mg/m2), along with day 2 i.p. cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and day 8 i.p. paclitaxel (60 mg/m2). The goals were to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD), 18-month progression-free survival (PFS), and pharmacokinetics of i.p. pemetrexed. Results: Cycles, given every 21 days, had an 80% 6-cycle completion rate. There was minimal grade III toxicity in the first 4 dose levels and remarkably an almost complete absence of peripheral neuropathy and alopecia. At the highest dose level, two of three patients experienced ≥grade III and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; hematologic, infection, gastrointestinal). There was a pharmacokinetic advantage for i.p. pemetrexed with an intraperitoneal:plasma area under the concentration–time curve ratio of 13-fold. Neither analysis of pharmacokinetic nor homocysteine levels explains the unexpected severity of toxicity in those two patients. On the basis of plasma C24h levels, the 42 cycles at ≥500 mg/m2 i.p. pemetrexed without DLT, the MTD appears to be 500 mg/m2. Median PFS is 30.1 months; 18-month PFS is 78.6% (median follow-up 22.4 months). Conclusions: This i.p.-only regimen in front-line ovarian cancer is feasible with PFS in line with recent literature. We suggest phase II trials of this regimen in this population with i.p. pemetrexed at 500 mg/m2. The favorable toxicity profile at doses &amp;lt;1,000 mg/m2, which needs to be confirmed, appears to compare well with standard combination i.v./i.p. platinum/taxane chemotherapy in this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 18(9); 2668–78. ©2012 AACR.
Monitoring the Blood pH in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert A. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

CLINICIANS recognize the importance of continuous electrocardiographic surveillance in immediately alerting the attending staff of a cardiac catastrophe and in monitoring the various measures designed to restore normal cardiac function.<sup>1-3</sup>Ideally, it would be more desirable to identify the earliest recognizable event that might predict a cardiac arrest. The question raised herein is whether the metabolic acidosis observed after a cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation or asystole) is solely secondary or whether this also may precede and contribute to the environment that provokes the development of these arrhythmias. If the latter were true, then such monitoring of the pH would be a valuable adjunct to electrical monitoring of the acutely ill patient. This preliminary paper reports our experience with pH monitoring in critically ill patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock. <h3>Subjects and Methods</h3> Ten patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied in the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry as a standard for comparison of new devices. When should we use it, and what should we compare?
Authors: D Holmes, R Myler, K Kent, D O Williams, D Faxon, S King, L Bentivoglio, M Cowley, G Dorros, J Galichia
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Registry is a con- tinuation of the registry originally established for studying the safety and efficacy of PTCA when it first became available for nonsurgical coronary revascu- larization.The 1979-1981 registry consisted of the consecutive cases performed by the pioneers in the field.To study long-term efficacy, the registry was extended to include a minimum 5-year follow-up.During these 5 years, there were important improvements in dilatation equipment, which had a major impact on case selection and outcome.Documenta- tion of this rapid technological improvement was accomplished by the same investigators who entered a new series of consecutive cases in the registry between August 1985 and May 1986.The multicenter nature of the data base, the excellence of the coop-
Infrarenal Aortic Occlusion
Authors: Alan T. Hirsch, Michael D. Miedema
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 55-year-old woman awoke with an acute onset of bilateral leg numbness and weakness. Initial evaluation and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging, which was performed to assess the patient for disk disease, showed no cause for her symptoms, but her ankle pulses were noted to be diminished. The patient smoked cigarettes and had untreated hyperlipidemia; she reported that during the previous year, she had had bilateral buttock and thigh pain on walking 300 m. Her renal function was normal. Computed tomographic angiography showed complete occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta (Panel A, arrow). A lateral view showed collateral blood flow from . . .
Prolonged Allergen Exposure Induces Structural Airway Changes in Sensitized Rats
Authors: ELS PALMANS, JOHAN C. KIPS, ROMAIN A. PAUWELS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The pathogenesis and functional consequences of airway remodeling in asthma remain to be fully established. In the present study we evaluated the effect of prolonged allergen exposure on airway function and structure in rats. Sensitized Brown Norway rats were repeatedly exposed for periods of 2, 4, or 12 wk to aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). OA exposure induced a persistent increase in OA-specific serum IgE and in the number of peribronchial eosinophils. After 2 wk of OA exposure, airway histology revealed goblet-cell hyperplasia, an increase in bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells in airway epithelium, increased fibronectin deposition, and a thickening of the airway inner wall area. This coincided with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to aerosolized carbachol. After OA exposure for 12 wk, increased fibronectin (p < 0.05 versus PBS) and collagen deposition (p < 0.05 versus PBS) were observed in the submucosa. After 12 wk of exposure, neither total nor inner wall area or airway responsiveness to carbachol were any longer significantly different from those of PBS-exposed animals. In conclusion, prolonged OA exposure in rats induces structural airway changes that bear similarities to airway remodeling in asthma. The study data further indicate that depending on the extent and distribution of remodeling, changes in the extracellular matrix can enhance or protect against AHR.
Exercise oxygen uptake efficiency slope independently predicts poor outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Roberta P. Ramos, Jaquelina S. Ota-Arakaki, Maria Clara Alencar, Eloara V.M. Ferreira, Luiz Eduardo Nery, J. Alberto Neder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a disabling and frequently lethal disease despite remarkable advances in treatment. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has proved a valuable tool to objectively quantify disease severity and estimate prognosis in these patients [1–3].

Exercise intolerance is characteristically multifactorial in PAH. Among its potential contributing mechanisms, increased ventilatory response, deranged pulmonary mechanics, peripheral muscle impairment and reduced oxygen delivery have been more widely investigated [1–5]. In this context, a CPET-derived variable that conflates the effects of increased ventilation and poor O2 transfer and/or peripheral O2 utilisation is the O2 uptake efficiency slope (OUES) [6]. OUES is the slope of the linear relationship between O2 uptake ( V ′O2) and the logarithmic transformation of minute ventilation ( V ′E) during rapidly incremental exercise, i.e. it aims to reflect how effectively O2 is extracted from the atmosphere and taken into the body as exercise progresses. We recently found that a combination of increased sub-maximal exercise V ′E as a function of carbon dioxide output ( V ′CO2) and reduced O2 delivery/utilisation (as suggested by shallow V ′O2–work rate relationship) were independent predictors of negative outcome in PAH of mixed aetiology [7]. These findings prompted the hypothesis that OUES would combine the prognostic information provided separately by those variables, thereby being the single predictor of poor outcome in our cohort.

In order to address this question, we revisited our dataset and contrasted OUES prognostic relevance with that of a range of resting and cardiopulmonary exercise responses to ramp-incremental cycle ergometry. In the previous report [7], we described results from a group of 84 patients in whom 16 PAH-related deaths and two …
Home delivery: chemotherapy and pizza?
Authors: A M Young
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Paper p 826 

The past century has seen hospitals become the focus of the healthcare system despite attempts to shift the emphasis of care to the community. Most attempts to move complex and invasive procedures out of hospital completely and into patients' homes remain marginal. One example of this is home chemotherapy, the subject of a randomised trial in this week's issue (p 826).1

Home chemotherapy is a service that provides a package of care to support the administration of chemotherapy to patients in their homes by specialist healthcare professionals (usually nurses). It may be distinguished from ambulatory chemotherapy, where patients visit the outpatient department to be connected to portable disposable pumps prefilled with cytotoxic drugs, which are then administered via a central venous catheter for 48 to 168 hours, and from day hospital chemotherapy, where patients visit the hospital daily to have their chemotherapy administered. …
PROTEINURIA IN TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: WILLIAM J. DIECKMANN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Proteinuria or albuminuria in pregnant patients should always be regarded as evidence of some renal abnormality. It is one of the triad of signs (hypertension, albuminuria, edema) of preeclampsia, and the appearance of proteinuria sliould suggest the possibility of eclampsia developing. The appearance or increase of protein in the urine of patients with hypertensive disease or chronic glomerulonephritis should always suggest impending fetal death, which is usually due to well defined placental infarction, retroplacental hematoma or abruptio placentae. Studies by Addis and his co-workers indicate that the urine of normal persons contains from 0.02 to 0.06 Gm. of protein in twenty-four hours. The constant excretion of larger amounts is abnormal. Studies by Elden and Cooney. as well as by us, indicate that these amounts are unchanged during normal pregnancy. Benign proteinuria does occur in a nonpregnant person, but a thorough examination of the renal function and urine must be made
Molecular characterization, recombinant protein expression, and mRNA analysis of type 3 von Willebrand disease: Studies of an Italian cohort of 10 patients
Authors: Maria Solimando, Luciano Baronciani, Silvia La Marca, Giovanna Cozzi, Rosanna Asselta, Maria Teresa Canciani, Augusto B. Federici, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD3) is characterized by unmeasurable von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels in plasma and platelets and severe but variable hemorrhagic symptoms. To identify and characterize the causal mutations, we screened 10 Italian patients with VWD3 by several techniques including Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification to identify large insertions and deletions, High Resolution Melting and PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing. Fourteen different mutations scattered throughout the VWF gene were identified, 10 of which were novel. As expected, most of these mutations caused null alleles: five were deletions (del exons 1-3, del exon 17, c.2157delA, c.2269delCT, and c.3940delG), three nonsense (p.Q1526X, p.E1549X, and p.C2448X) and three potential splice-site mutations (c.658-2A>G, c.7729+7C>T, and c.8155+1G>T). Three candidate missense mutations (p.C2184S, p.C2212R, and p.C2325S) were also identified. Missense mutations and the putative splice-site defects were confirmed to be disease related by in vitro expression studies and mRNA analysis. None of these patients have developed alloantibodies against VWF. This study extends our previous finding that most of the mutations that we identified in VWD3 patients arise independently and are scattered throughout the entire VWF gene.
Seizures and Epilepsy
Authors: Terrance Riley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<b>Epilepsy:100 Elementary Principles,</b>by Roger J. Porter, 2nd ed (<i>Major Problems in Neurology</i>, vol 20, J. Walton, ed), 193 pp, with 23 illus, $43, ISBN 0-7020-1365-X, Philadelphia, Pa, WB Saunders Co, 1989. <i>Seizures and Epilepsy</i>is a comprehensive work that covers virtually everything associated with seizures and disorders of recurrent seizures—that is, epilepsy. The unity of style offered by a single author who writes clearly is useful, and the book is organized, as the author promises, in such a way that the several topics flow logically one to the other. References are many and current. There is also liberal attention to classic observations and how older evidence influenced or at times misled modern studies. Illustrations, graphs, and tables, many in color, add much to the text and seem always pertinent. There is not really a weak section in the book. An enjoyable historical section discusses the interpretations of seizure phenomena
Preventive vs Preventative
Authors: Samuel Holtzman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The word "preventative" does not appear in<i>Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</i>. Perhaps the lexicographer omitted it because of a personal whim or prejudice (some people<i>can</i>carry their prejudices to extremes). A case in point is that of Dr. Ravenell, a former Army Surgeon, who used to teach a course in Preventive Medicine at the University of Missouri. At the opening session of the course, Dr. Ravenell was wont to announce that the grade would depend entirely on how well the student did in the final examination. He would then make the pronouncement that no matter how well the student mastered the subject, his final grade would be an "F" if he had the misfortune to label the examination "Preventative Medicine." In the June 15, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(vol 188) preventative appears on page 1005, right hand column, "to use quinidine as a preventative," and on
Multiple Metastases to Skeletal Muscle From Carcinoma of the Esophagus Detected by FDG PET-CT Imaging
Authors: Eric Heffernan, David Fennelly, Conor D. Collins
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 67-year-old woman was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, esophagectomy, and subsequent radiotherapy for T3N1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Five months after surgery, a routine follow-up CT demonstrated a 1.2-cm soft tissue mass in the posterior mediastinum suspicious for local recurrence. An FDG-PET/CT study confirmed tumor in the posterior mediastinum and also showed focal areas of increased tracer uptake within several muscles. Skeletal muscle is one of the most unusual sites of metastatic disease, although it is probable that the more frequent use of FDG-PET imaging will lead to an increase in the detection of such lesions.
LEUKEMIC CELL PROLIFERATION AS DETERMINED BY IN VITRO DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS*
Authors: C. G. Craddock, G. S. Nakai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The immature cells circulating in the blood of leukemic patients are believed to reflect the proliferative activity of the malignant tissue.The rate of DNA synthesis by these cells may provide information as to the rate of growth of leukemic cells, since the DNA synthetic period is believed to occupy a specific interval in the generation cycle of dividing cells.This report gives our findings con- cerning this parameter of leukemic proliferation, as reflected by the uptake of isotopes into leukemic cell DNA in vitro.The results indicate that the conceptualization of the acute leukemic process, as one involving rapid cell growth, must be viewed in the perspective of the total bulk of divisible cells, since the amount of DNA synthesized by acute leukemic cells is often much less than that synthesized by normal immature cells in the same time period.This implies that the generation time of acute leukemic cells is often prolonged. METHODSPatients were studied in the untreated state, except in those instances indicated.Blood was withdrawn under aseptic conditions, in the fasting state, into siliconized tubes containing dextran and heparin (without perserva- tive), and the leukocytes separated in the usual way (1).The leukocytes were resuspended in the patients' plasma, and an equal volume of Hank's solution containing the isotopes, was added.Radiophosphorus (Pu) was em- ployed at a concentration of 15 mc per 109 cells and triti- ated thymidine (H'TDR) (Schwartz BioResearch Lab- oratories; specific activity, 0.36 c per mmole) at a con- centration of 20 ,uc per 10' cells.The mixtures were in- cubated at 370 C with very gentle, constant shaking.Aliquots were removed at intervals of 1, 5, and 18 to 20 hours.The cells exposed to H'TDR were divided into samples for radioautographic analysis and for DNA extraction.