tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic cough: a rational approach to investigation and management
Authors: I. D. Pavord
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Chronic cough is a common problem: community surveys suggest a prevalence of recurrent cough of up to 40% and persistent cough of up to 10% 1–3. Approximately 10% of new patients seen in respiratory clinics are referred with an isolated chronic cough 4. Most patients referred for a specialist opinion are nonsmokers with normal findings on basic screening investigations, such as chest radiograph, serial peak expiratory flow measurements and spirometry. Females account for 60–70%, and many report a long-standing cough, which started at around the time of the menopause 5. The current evaluation of chronic cough is based on the “anatomic, diagnostic” protocol originally described by Irwin et al. 6 >20 yrs ago. This investigation protocol is based on the view that most cases of nonasthmatic chronic cough are caused by rhinosinusitus and/or gastro-oesophageal reflux 6, 7. The investigation protocol remains largely based on expert opinion, and there is a lack of evidence from randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials supporting central tenants of the anatomic, diagnostic protocol 8, 9. Nevertheless, there are multiple reports of the successful management of cohorts of patients with chronic cough using variants of the anatomic, diagnostic approach to investigation, and the protocol has largely stood the test of time 10. Despite this, many clinicians view chronic cough as a difficult clinical problem 11. Amongst the most significant problems is the …
Metabolism of [1,3-13C]glycreol-1,2,3-tris(methylsuccinate) and glycerol-1,2,3-tris(methyl[2,3-13C]succinate) in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Willy J. Malaisse, Laurence Ladrière, Ingrid Verbruggen, Gunnar Grue-Sørenson, Fredrik Björkling, Rudolph Willem
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions in guinea-pigs following repeated exposure to toluene diisocyanate
Authors: K Yamada, R Amitani, A Niimi, F Kuze
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The inhalation of isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) can induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) as well as bronchial asthma in humans, but the precise pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. To provide insight into the pathological features of isocyanate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans, we repeatedly exposed guinea-pigs to TDI following previous sensitization to TDI and examined the inflammatory response in the pulmonary lesions. Following sensitization with 10% TDI ethyl acetate solution for seven consecutive days, guinea-pigs were exposed to 5% TDI ethyl acetate solution once a week for 4 weeks. As a control, guinea-pigs were exposed to ethyl acetate alone in the same manner. Furthermore, other guinea-pigs received a single exposure to 5 or 20% TDI ethyl acetate solution. The TDI solutions or ethyl acetate were applied to the bilateral nasal mucosa of guinea-pigs for 30 s-day-1. Histological examination of lung specimens of guinea-pigs repeatedly exposed to TDI after previous sensitization by TDI inhalation revealed interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions in which mononuclear cells and eosinophils were mainly involved. Lungs of control and nonsensitized guinea-pigs showed insignificant histological changes. We demonstrated that interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions, indistinguishable from isocyanate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans, can be caused by repeated but not single exposure to TDI in guinea-pigs.
Drug firms have to pay $162m in damages over hepatitis C infection
Authors: J. Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Three drug companies have been ordered by a US court to pay damages of $162m (£102m; €120m) after three patients contracted hepatitis C from a reusable drug vial. 

The settlement, awarded to three colonoscopy patients involved in an outbreak of hepatitis C at the Endoscopy Center of Southern Nevada in 2008 and traced to the use of propofol, is the third multimillion dollar award against the companies, Teva Pharmaceutical, Baxter Healthcare, and McKesson, which make the drug.

Earlier in October $104m in damages was handed to a single plaintiff infected at the clinic. Teva and Baxter are currently appealing against $505m in damages awarded to a Las Vegas headmaster and his wife in July 2010 ( BMJ 2010;341:c4057, doi:10.1136/bmj.c4057). A further 115 cases still have to …
Uncovering a novel function of BTLA on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells
Authors: Cara Haymaker, Richard Wu, Krit Ritthipichai, Chantale Bernatchez, Marie-Andree Forget, Jie Qing Chen, Hiu Liu, Ena Wang, Francesco Marincola, Patrick Hwu, Laszlo Radvanyi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Manipulation of T-cell co-inhibitory molecules, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and BTLA has recently moved to the forefront of cancer immunotherapy. Although these molecules serve as inhibitors of T-cell activation, they are also biomarkers for activated T cells and may in fact have positive immune
THE STORY OF A TOOTH-PLATE: AN UNUSUAL WAR INJURY
Authors: G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1917)

within the aorta at its bifurcation.On the morning of August 12th the patient's condition did not seem the worse for the operations on-his thigh and loin under gas and oxygen, and the aspiration of 6 oz. of blood from the left pleural cavity.Pericardial friction was well marked, no increase of cardiac dullness could be made out, there was resonance in the left
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Necessity for Surgical Revision of Chronically Implanted Defibrillator Leads: Causes and Management”
Authors: Christian Sticherling, Jens Eckstein, Beat A. Schaer, Stefan Osswald, Michael T. Koller, Dietrich Kalusche, Markus Zabel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

We thank Dr Kleemann and Dr Seidl for their interest in our article recently published in Circulation. 1 They correctly point out that only 13 implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads (34%) were replaced, although 9 leads had lead fractures and 10 leads had insulation defects.We agree that in these cases a risk exists of progression of the lead defect involving the entire ICD lead.For safety reasons, we therefore replaced all ICD leads found to have a problem with the pace/sense part distal to the bifurcation or trifurcation of the ICD lead.As stated in our article, we only added a pace/sense lead if a fracture (nϭ3) or insulation defect (nϭ4) was visible in the pace/sense part proximal to the bi-or trifurcation.In all other cases of fracture or insulation defects, the entire ICD lead was replaced.In total, 18 cases (72%), which were treated with an additional pace/sense lead, had no signs of lead fracture or insulation defects.The ICD leads were then monitored by regular impedance measurements of the high voltage parts, either with subthreshold or low-energy testing during routine follow-up.As described in our article, 3 patients with old ICD leads left in place experienced another lead malfunction.Two of the cases were due to sensing issues and the third to a lead fracture.Finally, Dr Kleemann and Dr Seidl claim that impedance measurements of the high voltage part may not be completely reliable and point out that in their series 2% of lead defects were only detected during elective ICD generator change. 2They do not describe what these lead defects consisted of.In fact, they may have been due to lead injury secondary to surgery itself.We see no reason to doubt that noninvasive impedance measurements of the high voltage part are sufficient to follow-up with these leads.
Telomerase functions beyond telomere maintenance in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Edith Chevret, Laetitia Andrique, Martina Prochazkova-Carlotti, Jacky Ferrer, David Cappellen, Elodie Laharanne, Yamina Idrissi, Anna Boettiger, Wafa Sahraoui, Florian Ruiz, Anne Pham-Ledard, Beatrice Vergier, Francis Belloc, Pierre Dubus, Marie Beylot-Barry, Jean-Philippe Merlio
Journal: Blood (2014)
Migration of a covered metallic stent following endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: fatal complication
Authors: F. Martins, L. Rossini, A. Ferrari
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Endoscopic retrograde access to the biliary tree is not always possible and endoscopic ultrasound (EUA)-guided biliary drainage is increasingly used. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy has been proved to be feasible, although safety issues still need to be evaluated. There are few reports [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] with 90 % – 100 % technical and 75 % – 100 % clinical success rates. Major complications included stent migration, bile leaks, and cholangitis [4] [5].
Adjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jonathan S. Berek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Of all the lesions of the female genital tract, ovarian cancer represents the most difficult challenge. It has the highest fatality-to-case ratio of the gynecologic cancers, with more than 20,000 new cases and 12,000 deaths from ovarian cancer expected in the United States in 1990.1 Epithelial ovarian cancer accounts for about 90 percent of all malignant ovarian tumors. This form of ovarian cancer often spreads without symptoms, and in three quarters of patients the disease is not diagnosed until it has spread beyond the pelvis.2 The early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer generally still relies on the finding of a . . .
Paraneoplastic pemphigus in children and adolescents
Authors: D. Mimouni, G.J. Anhalt, Z. Lazarova, S. Aho, S. Kazerounian, D.J. Kouba, J.M. Mascaro, H.C. Nousari
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Paraneoplastic pemphigus in children and adolescents Get access D. Mimouni, D. Mimouni Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Immunodermatology Laboratory, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Building, Suite 771, Baltimore MD 21205, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.J. Anhalt, G.J. Anhalt Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Immunodermatology Laboratory, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Building, Suite 771, Baltimore MD 21205, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Z. Lazarova, Z. Lazarova Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Immunodermatology Laboratory, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Building, Suite 771, Baltimore MD 21205, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Aho, S. Aho Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kazerounian, S. Kazerounian Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Kouba, D.J. Kouba Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Immunodermatology Laboratory, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Building, Suite 771, Baltimore MD 21205, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Mascaro, Jr, J.M. Mascaro, Jr Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.C. Nousari H.C. Nousari Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Immunodermatology Laboratory, 720 Rutland Ave., Ross Building, Suite 771, Baltimore MD 21205, U.S.A H. Carlos Nousari, MD. E‐mail: hnousar@jhmi.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 4, 1 October 2002, Pages 725–732, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04992.x Published: 01 October 2002 Article history Accepted: 06 April 2002 Published: 01 October 2002
Phase II study of imatinib mesylate for recurrent meningiomas (North American Brain Tumor Consortium study 01-08)
Authors: Patrick Y. Wen, W.K. Alfred Yung, Kathleen R. Lamborn, Andrew D. Norden, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Lauren E. Abrey, Howard A. Fine, Susan M. Chang, H. Ian Robins, Karen Fink, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Minesh Mehta, Emmanuelle Di Tomaso, Jan Drappatz, Santosh Kesari, Keith L. Ligon, Ken Aldape, Rakesh K. Jain, Charles D. Stiles, Merrill J. Egorin, Michael D. Prados
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2009)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors (PDGFR) are frequently coexpressed in meningiomas, potentially contributing to their pathogenesis. The North American Brain Tumor Consortium conducted a phase II study to evaluate the therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), a PDGFR inhibitor, in patients with recurrent meningiomas. Patients were stratified into benign (WHO grade I) meningiomas or atypical (WHO grade II) and malignant (WHO grade III) meningiomas. The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival (6M-PFS). Patients requiring enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs were ineligible. Patients received imatinib at a dose of 600 mg/day for the first 4-week cycle and then gradually increased to 800 mg/day for subsequent cycles, if there were no unacceptable toxicities. Plasma concentrations of imatinib and its active metabolite, CGP74588, were assessed. Twenty-three heavily pretreated patients were enrolled into the study (13 benign, 5 atypical, and 5 malignant meningiomas), of whom 22 were eligible. The study was closed prematurely due to slow accrual. Tissue was available only from a minority of patients, but in these specimens there was uniform distribution of PDGFR, the drug target. Imatinib was generally well tolerated. Of 19 patients evaluable for response, 10 progressed at the first scan, and 9 were stable. There were no complete or partial responses. Overall median PFS was 2 months (range, 0.7-34 months); 6M-PFS was 29.4%. For benign meningiomas, median PFS was 3 months (range, 1.1-34 months); 6M-PFS was 45%. For atypical and malignant meningiomas, median PFS was 2 months (range, 0.7-3.7 months); 6M-PFS was 0%. Cycle 1 trough concentrations of imatinib and CGP74588 were 2,129 +/- 1,600 ng/ml and 517 +/- 326 ng/ml, respectively. Single-agent imatinib was well tolerated but had no significant activity in recurrent meningiomas. Trough plasma concentrations of imatinib exceeded those associated with imatinib activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
The α1D-adrenergic receptor directly regulates arterial blood pressure via vasoconstriction
Authors: Akito Tanoue, Yoshihisa Nasa, Takaaki Koshimizu, Hitomi Shinoura, Sayuri Oshikawa, Takayuki Kawai, Sachie Sunada, Satoshi Takeo, Gozoh Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

To investigate the physiological role of the α1D-adrenergic receptor (α1D-AR) subtype, we created mice lacking the α1D-AR (α1D–/–) by gene targeting and characterized their cardiovascular function. In α1D–/– mice, the RT-PCR did not detect any transcript of the α1D-AR in any tissue examined, and there was no apparent upregulation of other α1-AR subtypes. Radioligand binding studies showed that α1-AR binding capacity in the aorta was lost, while that in the heart was unaltered in α1D–/– mice. Non-anesthetized α1D–/– mice maintained significantly lower basal systolic and mean arterial blood pressure conditions, relative to wild-type mice, and they showed no significant change in heart rate or in cardiac function, as assessed by echocardiogram. Besides hypotension, the pressor responses to phenylephrine and norepinephrine were decreased by 30–40% in α1D–/– mice. Furthermore, the contractile response of the aorta and the pressor response of isolated perfused mesenteric arterial beds to α1-AR stimulation were markedly reduced in α1D–/– mice. We conclude that the α1D-AR participates directly in sympathetic regulation of systemic blood pressure by vasoconstriction.
Chlorine Poisoning From Mixing Household Cleaners
Authors: Frederick L. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Untoward effects stemming from the mixing of common household cleaners may include acute chlorine poisoning, a fact evidently better known to housewives than to physicians, and emphasized more in ladies' magazines than in scientific publications.<sup>1</sup>My experience with an elderly woman who developed near fatal pulmonary edema within minutes after cleaning her bathtub with a mixture of two ubiquitous household products prompted this report. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 83-year-old diabetic woman was admitted with severe pulmonary edema. Her symptoms had developed abruptly half an hour earlier while she was cleaning her bathtub. Provoked by a stubborn stain unresponsive to soap, she had emptied into the tub about a half gallon of undiluted Clorox (an aqueous solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite) and thereupon added most of a can of Sani-Flush, a dry powder for cleaning toilets that contains 80% sodium bisulfate. Almost immediately she experienced intense
The instrumental rationality of addiction
Authors: Hanna Pickard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract The claim that non-addictive drug use is instrumental must be distinguished from the claim that its desired ends are evolutionarily adaptive or easy to comprehend. Use can be instrumental without being adaptive or comprehensible. This clarification, together with additional data, suggests that Müller &amp; Schumann's (M&amp;S's) instrumental framework may explain addictive, as well as non-addictive consumption.
The potential impact of flooding on confined animal feeding operations in eastern North Carolina.
Authors: Steve Wing, Stephanie Freedman, Lawrence Band
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Thousands of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been constructed in eastern North Carolina. The fecal waste pit and spray field waste management systems used by these operations are susceptible to flooding in this low-lying region. To investigate the potential that flood events can lead to environmental dispersion of animal wastes containing numerous biologic and chemical hazards, we compared the geographic coordinates of 2,287 CAFOs permitted by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) with estimates of flooding derived from digital satellite images of eastern North Carolina taken approximately 1 week after Hurricane Floyd dropped as much as 15-20 inches of rain in September 1999. Three cattle, one poultry, and 237 swine operations had geographic coordinates within the satellite-based flooded area. DWQ confirmed 46 operations with breached or flooded fecal waste pits in the same area. Only 20 of these 46 CAFOs were within the satellite-based estimate of the inundated area. CAFOs within the satellite-based flood area were located in 132 census block groups with a population of 171,498 persons in the 2000 census. African Americans were more likely than whites to live in areas with flooded CAFOs according to satellite estimates, but not according to DWQ reports. These areas have high poverty rates and dependence on wells for drinking water. Our analysis suggests that flood events have a significant potential to degrade environmental health because of dispersion of wastes from industrial animal operations in areas with vulnerable populations.
Clinical manifestations of essential thrombocythemia in young adults
Authors: Frederick E. Millard, Christine S. Hunter, Michael Anderson, Martin J. Edelman, Michael P. Kosty, George A. Luiken, Gregory G. Marino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by isolated overproduction of platelets, thrombohemorrhagic complications, and a median age of 50–60. When it occurs in younger patients, the incidence of complications has been reported to be quite low, with a good long‐term prognosis. We report a retrospective review of 13 patients with ET between the ages of 22 and 35 in which 11 were symptomatic at diagnosis, with only one remaining asymptomatic during follow‐up. Three patients presented with potentially life‐threatening complications (two myocardial infarctions, one stroke), although no deaths were observed. The majority of the nonlife‐threatening complications were vaso‐occlusive in nature, including erythromelalgia and transient neurologic symptoms. We conclude that ET in young adults is not always a benign disease and that potentially life‐threatening complications are not rare. The optimum approach to treatment in this or any other age group remains uncertain.
Merits of a Gibsonian approach to speech perception
Authors: Jörgen Pind
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Neurobiologically inspired theories of speech perception such as that proposed by Sussman et al. are useful to the extent that they are able to constrain such theories. If they are simply intended as suggestive analogies, their usefulness is questionable. In such cases it is better to stick with the Gibsonian approach of attempting to isolate invariants in speech and to demonstrate their role for the perceiver in perceptual experiments.
Irradiation injury to the colon.
Authors: J May, J Loewenthal
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Two patients with irradiation injury to the colon are reported to illustrate the problem of diagnosis.There may be a long interval between irradiation and the onset of symptoms.Obstruction is common and is due to nerve and muscle damage impeding bowel motility.The treatment of cancer by irradiation always results in some damage to normal tissues, and damage to the bowel in the course of irradiation to the abdomen has been recognized for many years.Most reports, however, are of injury to the small intestine or rectum.This paper concerns two cases in which the colon alone was injured.CASE REPORTS CASE 1 This patient was a 45-year-old man.In March 1962 a left nephrectomy was performed for a papillary adenocarcinoma of the kidney.One month later a course _M FIG. 2. Inflamed and thickened area in the descending colon found at operation.444
Effect of photochemical air pollution on acute respiratory symptoms in children.
Authors: G Hoek, B Brunekreef
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In the spring and summer of 1989, an epidemiologic study of the acute effects of photochemical air pollution on the respiratory health of 300 children 7 to 11 yr old was conducted. The children studied were a general population sample of the children living in two rural towns in the Netherlands. For these children, small pulmonary function decrements associated with ambient ozone concentrations were reported previously. In this paper, the association between photochemical ambient air pollution and acute respiratory symptoms is evaluated. Occurrence of acute respiratory symptoms was registered by the parents of the children in a diary on a daily basis. The association of symptom prevalence and incidence with air pollution was evaluated using a logistic regression model that took auto-correlation of the residuals into account. Several photochemical episodes occurred in the study period of 102 d. Hourly maximum ozone concentrations ranged from 14 to 114 ppb. Daily average PM10 concentrations ranged from 11 to 136 micrograms/m3. Levels of acid aerosol were low. No associations of daily symptom prevalence or incidence with same-day or previous day concentration levels of ozone, PM10, fine particle sulfate, or nitrate were observed.