tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Treatment of Chronic Ambulatory Patients
Authors: DAVID M. ENGELHARDT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The introduction and widespread use of psychotropic drugs have raised many problems for the community physician. The private practitioner (whether psychiatrist or general practitioner) should be alert to problems of safety, toxicity, and side effects. Unless he is an expert in psychopharmacology, he should restrict himself to prescribing only a small number of drugs and should determine by clinical trial the optimal dosage for each patient.
REDUCED DEATH, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, AND EARLY STENT THROMBOSIS WITH CANGRELOR VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL ON A BACKGROUND OF BIVALIRUDIN: INSIGHTS FROM CHAMPION PHOENIX
Authors: Harvey D. White, Deepak L. Bhatt, C. Michael Gibson, Christian W. Hamm, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Matthew J. Price, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Gregg W. Stone, Bernardo Cortese, Michael Wilensky, Efthymios N. Deliargyris, Tiepu Liu, Jayne Prats, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PREVENTION OF GONORRHEA WITH PENICILLIN TABLETS
Authors: HARRY EAGLE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

It has been shown in a number of experimental infections<sup>1</sup>that the amount of penicillin necessary for cure increases with the number of organisms inoculated. Thus, in white mice infected with pneumococci, the single curative dose of aqueous penicillin G increased in one experiment from 5 to 260 mg. per kilogram of body weight as the inoculum was increased from 15 to 200,000 organisms.<sup>1c</sup> Corollary to these observations, it was found that the longer the interval between inoculation and treatment, the more drug was required for cure. Presumably because of the interim multiplication of organisms, effectively bactericidal levels had to be provided for longer and longer aggregate periods in order to kill enough of the bacteria to effect cure. In syphilitic rabbits, the 50 per cent curative dose of penicillin (in oil and wax) 4 hours after intratesticular inoculation with 2,000 organisms was 1,420 units per kilogram of
THE DRINK PROBLEM FROM A MEDICAL POINT OF VIEW.
Authors: FREDERICK HORNER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The definition of disease is "any alteration from a perfect state of health." When it pervades the Whole system, as fever does, it is called a general disease; when it affects a tissue or special organ, disease is partial or local. When alcohol induces deliriumtremens, or<i>mania a potu</i>, inebriety, as a disease, answers to the first definition, and when inductive of gastritis, Bright's disease, insanity, etc., the second definition is applicable. The term inebriety, or alcoholism, has assuredly been adopted during the present century as designative, in medical nomenclature, of a disease of the human body. The incredulous may demand in What tissue or vital organs of the body is located the disease, and may require of us to state in medical, physiological and pathological terms the signs, symptoms and effects of this disease. In reply, the statement, based upon facts, to be presented is made that nerve and
Sequence of treatments for adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: James N. George
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Management of adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has changed dramatically in the past 10 years. New regimens of corticosteroids for first-line treatment have been introduced and are currently being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Many patients may not have durable remissions with initial corticosteroid regimens and may require additional, second-line, treatment. For these patients, rituximab has been increasingly used, as it has for other autoimmune disorders, and new thrombopoietin (TPO)-receptor agonists have been developed. Although splenectomy was the first effective and remains the most effective treatment for ITP, inducing durable complete remissions in 66% of patients, rituximab and TPO-receptor agonists are now additional options for second-line treatment. For patients who continue to have severe and symptomatic thrombocytopenia following failure of multiple treatments, including splenectomy and rituximab, the TPO-receptor agonists are effective as third-line treatment for maintaining safe platelets counts to prevent bleeding symptoms in most patients.
Meditation on a Forest Path
Authors: Thomas P. Almy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The familiar path led quickly into the beech woods and up beside the brook that tumbles noisily over smooth, brown granite in a series of chutes and cascades. The warmth of the sun, filtering through the branches, was tempered by the cool dampness of the woods (it had rained the night before). The hand of man seemed for a moment to have no place here; until I passed a blown-down spruce, which no longer obstructed the trail, now that it had been sawed through and pushed to the side.So I began to think of those to whom I owed . . .
Remarks on Dilatation of the Stomach
Authors: W. F. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1881)

CASES of dilatation of the stomach may be usefully divided into- Class I. Acute dilatation.Class ii.Cases depending on pyloric obstruction from coarse mechanical causes-such as thickening, or growths of, or within, the stomach or pylorus, or from the pressure of external tumours.Class III.Intrinsic chronic dilatation.i.As regards the first class, it is very necessary to draw a distinction between dilatation and distension.By the latter, I understand a con- dition in which the stomach, if emptied, returns to a normal size; by dilatation, a condition in which the stomach, even if emptied, does not do so.This distinction has not invariably been observed by writers- Thus, I find a case of Dr. Hughes Bennett's, which is headed as a "singular mode of death from enormous distension of the stomach", which was supposed to have been caused by drinking a quantity of aerated lemonade.Dr. Fagge quotes this case in an interesting paper on " Acute Dilatation of the Stomach"; and adds two of his own, in each of which the stomach, on being emptied of its contents, contracted to a normal size.Other cases, occurring in the course of some acute dis- ease, have been reported; and those cases, I think, are generally to be classified under the head of distension rather than of dilatation. Gross,of Nancy, drew off ten pints of liquid from the stomach of a woman suffering from peritonitis after herniotomy.Three interesting cases, recorded by Fiirstner, might be more appropriately described as recurrent distension rather than as dilatation, and may therefore be referred to here.The first one was a female aged 21, who had received a blow on the epigastrium at the age of seventeen;intense pain immediately followed.Some time afterwards, she had con- vulsive attacks, with loss of consciousness; after which the gastric region swelled.There was no relief from frequent vomiting; but, after four days, the gastric symptoms subsided.These two groups of symptoms continued to alternate, or to be more or less intermixed.Fiirstner found the abdomen distended and painful; the lower border of the stomach was visible four-fifths of an inch above the navel ; the hystero-
Stimulation of Chediak-Higashi Phagocytes
Authors: Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Man, mice, cattle, mink and killer whales share, among other attributes, an autosomal recessive trait that, when homozygous, programs a disorder characterized by the presence of giant granules in diverse cells. Morphologically curious, the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of man and its animal homologues together constitute a veritable museum of functional cytologic abnormalities involving the hematologic, cutaneous, neurologic and renal systems.1 2 3 4 In some cases, simple structure-function correlations are possible: excessive aggregation of melanin granules in dermal melanocytes creates a silvery albinism (considered desirable when it affects the mink). Giant granules of phagocytic blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes, fuse belatedly with vacuoles containing . . .
None so naive as the well meaning
Authors: Penelope Bryant
Journal: BMJ (2005)

It was a moment of blinding clarity. In the wake of the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami I heard on the news that the Sri Lankan government was appealing for paediatricians. It suddenly occurred to me that I might be in an ideal position to go and do something to help, rather than my usual wringing of hands or donating the equivalent of a fraction of a clean water pump. I'm a fellow in paediatric infectious diseases currently doing research, so there would be no patients to miss me, and my colleagues wouldn't be burdened by rota changes. Also, I am financially supported so would not need to be paid, I have previously worked in a refugee situation, and I even already had a ticket for a flight to Malaysia. In my naivety I assumed that charities would be clamouring for my services, so I went to the internet.

Most of the websites had details on how to donate money but nothing about how I personally might be of assistance. I was encouraged, however, by the Red Cross website, which …
THE GRAVES SYNDROME
Authors: Percy Fridenberg
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under this heading an editorial (The Journal, Dec. 27, 1930) contains the following: "The relation of the psyche to the development of the Graves syndrome is shown in the rarity of this disease in children, in whom the adjustable, reasoning and emotive powers are not fully developed." This idea presents more than one logical fallacy. The rarity in children does not necessarily show anything as to the relation of the psyche to that disorder. It might be due to any one of a hundred factors, biologic in the case of the children, histopathologic in the case of the condition. Why jump at the conclusion that it must be due to but one factor? And then this rarity is ascribed to lack of development of the "adjustable reasoning and emotive powers." One might ask just what the "adjustable" powers are. Be that as it may, just that lack
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND CIRCULATING CD4 T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA
Authors: Panagiotis Tourikis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Agapi Kataki, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Gerasimos Siasos, Charalampos Antoniades, Dimitris Athanasiou, Stathis Dimitropoulos, Costas Tentolouris, Costas Tsioufis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Iron Content of Infant Milk Foods
Authors: J. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1965)

be taken into the operating-theatre."Only sterile blankets should be used for this pur- pose, and we should not be prevented from using polypropylene because of an imaginary danger from static electricity.If a danger does exist polypropylene blankets appear to carry very little static and they could easily have woven into them (if the makers are told this is essential) an anti-static thread.We firmly believe that cross-infection must be fought on every front even if the effect in some cases is hard to demonstrate.We have no doubt that it will be worth while converting all our hospital linen to these autoclavable materials.Polypropylene has many uses in hospitals, and these fibres may prove to be the most advantageous of all.-Weare, etc.,
Modification of Myocardial Infarction Size After Coronary Occlusion
Authors: PETER R. MAROKO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Several pharmacologic and hemodynamic interventions were found to alter acute ischemic injury of the myocardium and subsequent necrosis after coronary occlusion. Reduction in myocardial damage occurred when myocardial oxygen needs were reduced (beta-blocking agents, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, and digitalis in the failing heart), when coronary perfusion was improved (reperfusion, elevation of coronary perfusion pressure, nitroglycerin), when the provision of energy by means of anaerobic glycolysis was augmented (glucose-insulin-potassium, hypertonic glucose), when the diffusion of oxygen and of substrates to the ischemic cells was improved (hyaluronidase), and when the autolytic and heterolytic processes in the myocardium after coronary occlusion were stabilized (hydrocortisone). Interventions that increase myocardial oxygen consumption (tachycardia, isoproterenol, digitalis, glucagon, and bretylium in the non-failing heart) and that decrease coronary perfusion (arterial hypotension) increase myocardial ischemic damage. In pilot studies this concept of reduction in infarct size is being applied to patients, and initial results with hyaluronidase are promising.
The Impact of Diabetes on Survival Among Patients With First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Byung Y Chun, Annette J Dobson, Richard F Heller
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of diabetes on survival among patients with first acute myocardial infarction, using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Monitoring Trends and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Project in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The WHO MONICA Project is a community-based surveillance system that monitors coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. All patients with suspected coronary events were observed for 28 days after the onset of symptoms. RESULTS Of 5,322 patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous history of ischemic heart disease (3,643 men and 1,679 women), 333 men (9%) and 224 women (13%) had a history of diabetes. The age-adjusted 28-day case fatality for women with diabetes (25%) was significantly higher than for women without diabetes (16%); relative risk 1.56 (95% CI: 1.19–2.04). The difference for men was also significant (25% with diabetes and 20% without diabetes); relative risk 1.25 (95% CI: 1.02–1.53). Age-specific case fatality increased significantly with age in both men and women without diabetes, but systematic age effects were not so apparent in patients with diabetes. Case fatality significantly decreased over the study period in patients without diabetes, but not among the diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS The increased risk of death in the diabetic patients remained after accounting for their poorer risk factor profiles; even if they reached the hospital alive, diabetic patients were also less likely to survive than nondiabetic patients. The relative impact of diabetes on survival is greater in women than in men.
Physician's Role in Consumer Protection
Authors: Spencer M. Vawter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

On Oct 27, 1972, President Nixon signed into law the Consumer Product Safety Act 1972 (PL 92-573). The President labeled this act as "the most significant consumer protection legislation passed by the Ninety-second Congress." As stated in the Act, its purposes are ( 1) to protect the public against unreasonable risks of injury associated with consumer products; ( 2 ) to assist consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products; ( 3 ) to develop uniform safety standards for consumer products and to minimize conflicting State and local regulations; and (4) to promote research and investigation into the causes and prevention of product-related deaths, illnesses, and injuries. By definition, a Consumer Product is any article or component part that is produced or distributed (1) for sale to a consumer for use in or around a household or residence, a school; in recreation or otherwise, or (2) for the personal use, consumption, or enjoyment of
HEMORRHAGIC ENCEPHALOPATHY DURING ARSENIC THERAPY FOR ASTHMA
Authors: Louis E. Prickman
Journal: JAMA (1953)

A serious potential danger inherent in the use of potassium arsenite (Fowler's solution) in the treatment of asthma is illustrated in the following case. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 34-year-old man came to the Mayo Clinic on June 8, 1952, and was hospitalized at once, because he was in critical condition. The patient had had both pneumonia and asthma in 1941 while in the Army. Nonseasonal asthma had recurred each year, usually in association with respiratory infections. There was no family history of allergy; the patient had no other known allergic condition and had shown no allergy to drugs that had been administered for respiratory infections. On April 18, 1952, the patient had begun to take a liquid that contained arsenic prescribed by a physician. He had followed the directions the physician provided to eliminate danger from the arsenic and had even written to the physician for advice when trouble
Effect of aerosol particle size on bronchodilatation with nebulised terbutaline in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: M M Clay, D Pavia, S W Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The bronchodilatation achieved by the beta 2 agonist terbutaline sulphate given as nebulised aerosol from different devices has been measured in seven patients with mild asthma (mean FEV1 76% predicted) over two hours after inhalation. The subjects were studied on four occasions. On three visits they received 2.5 mg terbutaline delivered from three different types of nebuliser, selected on the basis of the size distribution of the aerosols generated; and on a fourth (control) visit no aerosol was given. The size distributions of the aerosols expressed in terms of their mass median diameter (MMD) were: A: MMD 1.8 microns; B: 4.6 microns; C: 10.3 microns. The aerosols were given under controlled conditions of respiratory rate and tidal volume to minimise intertreatment variation. Bronchodilator response was assessed by changes in FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximal flow after expiration of 50% and 75% FVC (Vmax50, Vmax25) from baseline (before aerosol) and control run values. For each pulmonary function index all three aerosols gave significantly better improvement over baseline than was seen in the control (p less than 0.05) and had an equipotent effect on FEV1, FVC, and PEF. Aerosol A (MMD 1.8 microns) produced significantly greater improvements in Vmax50 and Vmax25 than did B or C (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that for beta 2 agonists small aerosols (MMD less than 2 microns) might be advantageous in the treatment of asthma.
Abstract 4340: Formulation of oral microparticulate drug delivery system for cancer.
Authors: Jay V. Patel, Kunal P. Desai, Duc P. Do
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The development of oral controlled-release cancer drug formulations with enhanced bioavailability and efficacy is highly desired. Our research aim to develop controlled-release capsule formulations containing sulforaphane-encapsulated in a biodegradable polymeric microparticulate system. Sulforaphane, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDAC), was investigated as this therapeutic agent reverses aberrant epigenetic changes in cancer cells and the effects of this drug are reversible. Biodegradable polymeric microspheres were prepared by a microencapsulation method, and prepared microspheres were characterized for various properties, including encapsulation efficiency, percent yield, particle size, size distribution, surface morphology, and Zeta potential. Dissolution studies were carried out to analyze the release profiles of the microspheres and capsule-containing microsphere formulations. Data indicated that microspheres were less than 2-μm in diameter size. It has been shown that particles within this size range are effectively taken in by the cells. The prepared microsphere formulations had Zeta potential values of about -30 mV, which suggest that they are stable. Furthermore, microsphere formulations were shown to provide controlled-release of the drug over 36 hours. Capsule formulations containing microspheres exhibited similar drug release characteristics; however, the lag time for drug release was longer. Thus, oral gelatin capsules containing sulforaphane-encapsulated biodegradable microspheres show potential for effective delivery of epigenetic agents. Citation Format: Jay V. Patel, Kunal P. Desai, Duc P. Do. Formulation of oral microparticulate drug delivery system for cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4340. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4340
Letter: Sudden death in infancy.
Authors: J A Ferris, S R Kendeel
Journal: BMJ (1974)

tinue to use celphaloridine as a local applica- tion in the proiphylaxis of potentially con- taminated wounds.We are indebted to Glaxo Research Ltd. for the supply of cephaloridine (Ceporin) and Aspro-Nicholas Ltd. for the gentamicin (Genticin).-Weare, etc.,
Reviews and Notes: Psychiatry: Depression in Late Life
Authors: Jon A. Levenson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1994Reviews and Notes: Psychiatry: Depression in Late LifeJon A. LevensonJon A. LevensonColumbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Depression in Late LifeSecond edition. Dan G. Blazer II. 346 pages. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby-Year Book; 1993. $32.00.Recently, academic psychiatry has addressed the problem of comorbid conditions. Anxiety disorders in those with continuing substance abuse and depression in patients with life-threatening illnesses are notable examples. Depression in geriatric patients is another comorbid condition and the topic that Dr. Blazer, a noted geriatric psychiatrist from Duke University, discusses in this book.Actually, this is the second edition of a text that was originally published in 1982. As Blazer notes in the preface, this edition is really a new book, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 10Page: 896KeywordsAnxiety disordersElderlyElectroconvulsive therapyEmotionsGeriatric depressionGeriatric psychiatryGeriatricsMagnetic resonance imagingPsychopharmacologySubstance abuse ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...