tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Interaction of Alcohol
Authors: Robert E. Johnstone
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— Alcohol is widely thought to depress respiration, yet our previous studies have demonstrated minimal ventilatory depression during acute alcohol intoxication (JAMA 222:486,1972; Clin Pharmacol Ther 14:501, 1973). Since concomitant ingestion of drugs and alcohol occurs frequently and respiratory depression is a major physiologic effect of sedative drugs in large doses, interaction between alcohol and tranquilizers in small doses might dangerously depress respiration.To study this problem, we recently measured resting ventilation and response to CO2 in six healthy volunteers who received clinical doses of pentobarbital (100 mg) or glutethimide (500 mg) plus ethanol (0.7 ml/kg). No resting ventilatory measurements changed after drug ingestion. Pentobarbital and glutethimide moderately depressed, but ethanol did not significantly increase, the ventilatory response to CO2.We think that the respiratory depression due to combinations of alcohol and tranquilizers is unlikely to be clinically hazardous if the patient is awake and without
Rosuvastatin reduced venous thromboembolism in healthy older adults with elevated C-reactive protein levels
Authors: Marcel Levi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club15 September 2009Rosuvastatin reduced venous thromboembolism in healthy older adults with elevated C-reactive protein levelsMarcel Levi, MDMarcel Levi, MDUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGlynn RJ, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. A randomized trial of rosuvastatin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1851-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19329822Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Hematology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marcel Levi, MDAffiliations: University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 September 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 6Page: JC3-10KeywordsC-reactive proteinsElderlyHospitalizationsHyperlipidemiaRandomized trialsRelative riskStatinsTrauma surgeryVeinsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 15 September 2009 Issue Published: 15 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ROS receptor tyrosine kinase: a new potential target for anticancer drugs
Authors: Ibrahim Mustafa El-Deeb, Kyung Ho Yoo, So Ha Lee
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

ROS kinase is one of the last two remaining orphan receptor tyrosine kinases with an as yet unidentified ligand. The normal functions of human ROS kinase in different body tissues have not been fully identified so far. However, the ectopic expression, as well as the production of variable mutant forms of ROS kinase has been reported in a number of cancers, such as glioblastoma multiforme, and non-small cell lung cancer, suggesting a role for ROS kinase in deriving such tumors. It is thought also that c-ROS gene may have a role in some cardiovascular diseases, and the fact that homozygous male mice targeted against c-ROS gene are healthy but infertile, has inspired researchers to think about ROS inhibition as a method for development of new male contraceptives. The recent discovery of new selective and potent inhibitors for ROS kinase, along with the development of new specific diagnostic methods for the detection of ROS fusion proteins, raises the importance of using these selective inhibitors for targeting ROS mutations as a new method for treatment of cancers harboring such genes. This review focuses on the ectopic expression of ROS and its fusion proteins in different cancer types and highlights the importance of targeting these proteins for treatment of substantial cancers. It describes also the recent advances in the field of ROS kinase inhibition, and the potential clinical applications of ROS kinase inhibitors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31: 794-818, 2011
The pH and Acidity of Intravenous Infusion Solutions
Authors: Martin H. Lebowitz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Because intravenous infusion solutions have been criticized as being "acid" solutions, we compared pH and total acidity of several commonly used commercial solutions with solutions prepared in our own laboratory. The pH ranged from 4.2 to 7.1.—a 1,000-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. Titratable acidity varied only between 0.063 and 0.363 mEq/liter—a fivefold difference in acid content. Heat-sterilized dextrose solutions had a lower pH and slightly higher titratable acidity than did other solutions. Although pH ranged from 5.4 to 7.0, titratable acidity was similar for all solutions when they were sterilized without heat. Certain commercial solutions had greater than ten times the acid content of other solutions. Excluding commercial solutions in which pH is adjusted, we conclude that pH is far more variable than acid content.
Using Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to Support Regulatory Decision Making for Neurotoxicants: Lessons Learned from a Case Study of PCBs
Authors: Michael Goodman, Katherine Squibb, Eric Youngstrom, Laura Gutermuth Anthony, Lauren Kenworthy, Paul H. Lipkin, Donald R. Mattison, Judy S. LaKind
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Epidemiologic weight-of-evidence reviews to support regulatory decision making regarding the association between environmental chemical exposures and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children are often complicated by lack of consistency across studies.We examined prospective cohort studies evaluating the relation between prenatal and neonatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurodevelopment in children to assess the feasibility of conducting a meta-analysis to support decision making.We described studies in terms of exposure and end point categorization, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. We used this evaluation to assess the feasibility of grouping studies into reasonably uniform categories.The current literature includes 11 cohorts of children for whom effects from prenatal or neonatal PCB exposures were assessed. The most consistently used tests included Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, the neurologic optimality score in the neonatal period, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 5-8 months of age, and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities in 5-year-olds. Despite administering the same tests at similar ages, the studies were too dissimilar to allow a meaningful quantitative examination of outcomes across cohorts.These analyses indicate that our ability to conduct weight-of-evidence assessments of the epidemiologic literature on neurotoxicants may be limited, even in the presence of multiple studies, if the available study methods, data analysis, and reporting lack comparability. Our findings add support to previous calls for establishing consensus standards for the conduct, analysis, and reporting of epidemiologic studies in general, and for those evaluating the effects of potential neurotoxic exposures in particular.
The Changing Face of Beauty
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1992)

An initial perusal of this elegantly illustrated "coffee-table" book on the subject of beauty raises an array of questions. Of what interest would it be to<i>JAMA</i>readers? Perhaps psychiatrists would find the relationships between beauty, body image, and self-esteem of interest. The history and transformation of ideal beauty through the ages might appeal to plastic surgeons. Physicians, with an increasing population of women in their ranks, might discover a greater interest in and sensibility to some of the more personal aspects of patients' lives. Is the target audience some or all of us? The physician-author notes that it was not until the late 19th century that perceptions of beauty and its attendant behaviors drew the interest of behavioral researchers. Finding the concept of beauty somewhat elusive, they have chosen instead to study "attractiveness" and its relationship to personal development. For example, do adults respond more readily to cute babies
Trace Elements and Iron in Human Metabolism
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A distillation of knowledge that otherwise could be gleaned only after a painstaking search of the world's scientific periodicals—standard texts make scant reference to the subject— this monograph deserves high praise. The author, well known for his original studies on zinc, copper, iron, and magnesium, expanded his focus to encompass all essential trace elements, as well as elements deserving attention only because they are toxic. As a bonus he included iron, which, although not strictly a trace element, is much too important to be bypassed merely because it is measured in grams rather than micrograms.  The 13 chapters contained in this volume are of unequal length. Zinc commands 100 pages and more than 400 references. The newer elements— nickel, vanadium, silicon, and tin— rate only ten pages and 59 references. The allotment of space is clearly dictated by considerations of clinical importance. Clinical importance is in effect the dominant theme
Human but Not Mouse Adipogenesis Is Critically Dependent on LMO3
Authors: Josefine Lindroos, Julia Husa, Gerfried Mitterer, Arvand Haschemi, Sabine Rauscher, Robert Haas, Marion Gröger, Robert Loewe, Norbert Kohrgruber, Klaus F. Schrögendorfer, Gerhard Prager, Harald Beck, J. Andrew Pospisilik, Maximilian Zeyda, Thomas M. Stulnig, Wolfgang Patsch, Oswald Wagner, Harald Esterbauer, Martin Bilban
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)

Increased visceral fat is associated with a high risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome and is in part caused by excessive glucocorticoids (GCs). However, the molecular mechanisms remain undefined. We now identify the GC-dependent gene LIM domain only 3 (LMO3) as being selectively upregulated in a depot-specific manner in human obese visceral adipose tissue, localizing primarily in the adipocyte fraction. Visceral LMO3 levels were tightly correlated with expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (HSD11B1), the enzyme responsible for local activation of GCs. In early human adipose stromal cell differentiation, GCs induced LMO3 via the GC receptor and a positive feedback mechanism involving 11βHSD1. No such induction was observed in murine adipogenesis. LMO3 overexpression promoted, while silencing of LMO3 suppressed, adipogenesis via regulation of the proadipogenic PPARγ axis. These results establish LMO3 as a regulator of human adipogenesis and could contribute a mechanism resulting in visceral-fat accumulation in obesity due to excess glucocorticoids.
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Detected with Radionuclide Angiocardiography
Authors: A C OTTO, VAN ASWEGEN, C P HERBST, P H T KLEYNHANS, J D MARX, P du TOIT, M G L??TTER, P C MINNAAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 28-year-old man presented with paresthesias, fatigue, central cyanosis, and erythrocytosis. A first pass flow study with Tc-99m as free pertechnetate was done, among other tests, to exlude a central shunt when a persistent left superior vena cava was incidentally detected. The value of radionuclide angiocardiography to examine the central circulation noninvasively was again illustrated in this case.
Abstract 2869: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) enhances Radiosensitization via inhibition of mTOR pathway in Rapamycin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Kwang Woon Kim, Dae Kwang Jung, Bo Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Most drug resistance cancer cells have resisted to radiation therapy. In this study, we hypothesized that inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) via activation of AMPK could potentially enhance radiosensitization in Rapamycin-resistant non- small cell lung cancer stem cells. Methods: Stem cell marker was detected with CD133 and ALDH antibodies. P-AKT, P-mTOR and P-S6R were detected by Western Blotting. Clonogenic assay was used to determine radiosensitivity. Apoptosis was measured using the Annexin V-fluorescent isothiocyante apoptosis detection kit I (Pharmingen) with flow cytometry in vitro, and cleaved capase 3 by Western botting. Autophagy was determined by punctuate localization of GFP-LC3 fusion protein, which observed under a confocal fluorescence microscope in vitro. ATP levels were measured using Bioluminescence Assay kit CLS II from Roche Scientific (Indianpolis, IN, USA) as per the manufacturer's protocol. Results: Level of CD133 and ALDH expression which are markers of stem cell, P-Akt, p-mTOR and P-S6R proteins were enhanced in Rapamycin-resistant non- small cell lung cancer stem cells (CSNSCLCSTC) when compared to parental non-small cell lung cancer (H460) cells. Rapamycin-resistant non- small cell lung cancer stem cells mediate less radiation sensitivity when compared with parental cells in clonogenic assay(DER=0.82, p=0.02). However Metformin, activator of AMPK, obviously enhanced sensitivity of Rapamycin-selected non- small cell lung cancer stem cells to radiation (DER=1.2, p=0.01). Therefore, this enhanced radiosensitization was associated with a downregulation of mTOR signaling pathway and an increase in characteristic punctuate localization of GFP-LC3 as a marker for autophagy. Conclusions: These findings may be utilized as a novel strategy to enhance radiation therapy in drug-selected non-small cell lung cancer stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2869
"Apps" that harm patients will be hunted down, says regulator
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A UK health regulator has issued a warning to makers of mobile medical “apps” that may harm patients.

Neil McGuire, clinical director of devices at the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) said, “Be under no illusion—if you have a medical device and it’s software or an app and patients come to grief, we’re coming looking.”

McGuire spoke at a health technologies seminar in London on 18 March attended by NHS and private sector representatives including device developers and designers. He was asked whether the United Kingdom and Europe would follow the US Food and Drug Administration’s lead in taking a supposedly “softer” line on certain classes of devices in guidance issued last …
1 AUTOTAXIN BUT NOT BILE SALTS CORRELATE WITH ITCH INTENSITY IN CHOLESTASIS
Authors: A.E. Kremer, J.J. Martens, W. Kulik, C. Williamson, W.H. Moolenaar, J. Kondrackiene, U. Beuers, R.P.J. Oude Elferink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Anisakis Simplex Excretion/Secretion Antigens Inhibit Anaphylactic Response in a Murine Model
Authors: Guadalupe Marco Martín, Alejandro La Rotta Hernández, Patricia Martínez Lezcano, Jose Manuel Zubeldia Ortuno, María L. Baeza Ochoa de Ocaríz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Effect of Almitrine Bismesylate on Hypoxemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: RANDALL C. BELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Almitrine bismesylate was studied for its effects on hypoxemia in 67 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arterial PO2 rose by 11.2 mm Hg (p < 0.05) in 21 patients receiving 100 mg twice daily and by 6.0 mm Hg (p < 0.05) in 22 patients receiving 50 mg twice daily. Arterial PCO2 decreased by 3.8 mm Hg (p < 0.05) in the group receiving 100 mg twice daily but was unchanged in patients receiving 50 mg twice daily. Lung function was unaltered except for a slight increase in forced mid-expiratory flow in both dosage groups (p < 0.05). The major side effect was the unexplained worsening of dyspnea, which occurred in 4 patients (19%) receiving 100 mg twice daily, 2 (9%) receiving 50 mg twice daily group, and 1 (4%) receiving placebo. Almitrine bismesylate improves arterial blood gas values in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, apparently by reducing intrapulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatching, and appears to be useful in the long-term management of these patients.
Correction: Calcitonin Values
Authors: RICHARD E. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 August 1976Correction: Calcitonin ValuesRICHARD E. GOLDSMITH, M.D.RICHARD E. GOLDSMITH, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-263_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: My colleagues and I have become aware that we made an error in a paper recently published in this journal. The error was the result of our having several antisera in use for a given assay. The data reported all involved a single antiserum, but the range of anticipated response that we noted concerned a different antiserum. The paper is "Familial Hyperparathyroidism. Description of a Large Kindred with Physiologic Observations and A Review of the Literature,"Ann Intern Med84:36-43, 1976. The error appears on page 38, near the bottom, where we state that "In normal subjects... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD E. GOLDSMITH, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1976Volume 85, Issue 2Page: 263-263KeywordsCalcitoninHyperparathyroidismResearch design ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Targeted gene alteration in Caenorhabditis elegans by gene conversion
Authors: Peter L Barrett, John T Fleming, Verena Göbel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)

Now that some genomes have been completely sequenced, the ability to direct specific mutations into genomes is particularly desirable. Here we present a method to create mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome efficiently through transgene-directed, transposon-mediated gene conversion. Engineered deletions targeted into two genes show that the frequency of obtaining the desired mutation was higher using this approach than using standard transposon insertion-deletion approaches. We also targeted an engineered green fluorescent protein insertion-replacement cassette to one of these genes, thereby confirming that custom alleles of different types can be created in vitro to make the corresponding mutations in vivo. This approach should also be applicable to heterologous transposons in C. elegans and other organisms, including vertebrates.
Pulmonary Edema and Oral Ingestion of Methadone
Authors: Suresh K. Malik
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kjeldgaard et al (218:882, 1971) reported a case of acute pulmonary edema in a former heroin addict following oral ingestion of 80 mg of methadone hydrochloride. They found no other reports of similar nature. Since then, we have discovered a report by Gardner<sup>1</sup>who noted occurrence of death in 12 patients due to overdose with methadone. All these patients were reported to have had acute pulmonary edema terminally, and a majority had taken the drug orally. We have recently treated a patient of similar nature and would like to add this case report to the literature. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 17-year-old youth was brought by his family to the Ben Taub General Hospital unconscious. According to the mother, the patient complained of flu-like symptoms early that morning and took two pills from a bottle of "aspirin," later identified as 10-mg tablets of methadone hydrochloride. Three
THE LINGUAL TONSILS AND SOME OF THEIR COMMON ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Lester Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Maximow,<sup>1</sup>in his textbook on histology, gives a clear-cut description and three excellent illustrations of the lingual tonsils. He says: "The bulgings on the root of the tongue are caused by spherical accumulations of lymphoid tissue; they are peripheral nodules with germinal centers—the lingual tonsils and the follicles of the tongue. On the free surface of each of them a small opening can be noticed. It leads into a deep, irregular invagination lined with stratified squamous epithelium—the crypt. The epithelium of the crypt is surrounded by lymphoid tissue; innumerable lymphocytes infiltrate the epithelium and assemble in the lumen of the crypt, where they degenerate and form masses of detritus with desquamated epithelial cells and bacteria. The excretory ducts of the follicles open into the crypt or on the free surface." The importance of the lingual tonsils arises from the fact that a considerable number of the medical profession is