tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maximal twitch tension in intact length-clamped ferret papillary muscles evoked by modified postextrasystolic potentiation.
Authors: F Urthaler, A A Walker, D N Reeves, L L Hefner
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

A modified test of postextrasystolic potentiation achieved with a brief episode of rapid pacing followed by a 6-second pause (RPP maneuver) was used to evoke maximal force in isolated intact ferret right ventricular papillary muscles. Maximal RPP tensions were examined under length-clamped conditions and compared with the steady-state forces obtained when further increases in [Ca2+]o, did not further increase force and to the tensions recorded at the point of saturation of force when similarly length-clamped muscles were subjected to caffeine-induced tetanization. The results show that the calculated maximal twitch tension achieved with RPP is comparable to the 25-35 g/mm2 observed in intact single skeletal muscle fibers. The study also shows that the beat-to-beat decay of the potentiated contraction is exponential. While the amount of the constant fractional beat-to-beat decay is a function of [Ca2+]o, it is not influenced by length. During the decay of potentiation, the ratio of the potentiation of any beat divided by that of the previous beat is a constant, called (X). With certain assumptions, it is shown that (X) is a measure of the fraction of activator calcium taken up by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in each beat and, in the steady state, the fraction of activator calcium that comes from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The (X) amounted to 33%, 50%, and 65% when [Ca2+]o was 1.25, 2.50, and 5.0 mM, respectively. Thus, at 1.25 mM [Ca2+]o, some two thirds of the total calcium required to activate the myofilaments comes from the extracellular compartment during excitation and only one third is contributed via release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the region of optimal myofilament overlap, RPP force-length curves are remarkably shallow and almost indistinguishable from the sarcomere length-tension relation observed in skinned single cardiac cells. Tetanus plateau tensions are significantly smaller than RPP forces at any length, and the slope of the tetanus force-length curves is greater than that obtained with RPP. Thus, and by exclusion, we also suggest that caffeine may exert significant downstream inhibitory effects.
Rupatadine 10 mg and ebastine 10 mg in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a comparison study
Authors: E. M. Guadaño, J. Serra‐Batlles, J. Meseguer, J. A. Castillo, M. De Molina, A. Valero, C. Picado
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The aim of this study is to establish the efficacy and safety of rupatadine vs ebastine and placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Rupatadine is a new second generation H 1 ‐antihistamine with once‐daily dosing that may provide better control of symptoms than the currently used H 1 ‐receptor blockers because of its dual pharmacological profile (anti‐PAF and anti‐H 1 ). Methods: In a multicentre study, 250 patients with SAR were included in a double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group and placebo‐controlled study. Patients received either rupatadine 10 mg, ebastine 10 mg or placebo once daily for 2 weeks. The main efficacy outcome was based on the patient's record of severity of nasal symptoms (sneezing, nasal itching, runny nose and nasal obstruction) and nonnasal symptoms (conjunctival itching, tearing and pharyngeal itching). The daily total symptom score (DTSS) was the mean of the DSS recorded for each of the seven symptoms assessed, and the mean DTSS (mDTSS) was the mean of the DTSS values for each study day. Results: Significant differences in mDTSS were detected between rupatadine and placebo (33% lower for rupatadine group; P = 0.005) after 2 weeks of treatment. The TSS for rupatadine were 22% lower than for ebastine, although the differences were not statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported during the study period. Conclusions: Rupatadine 10 mg once daily was clearly superior to placebo in alleviating the symptoms of SAR over a 2‐week period. In comparison with ebastine, rupatadine shows a trend towards a better profile as regard several secondary efficacy variables.
Infectious Tuberculosis among Newly Arrived Refugees in the United States
Authors: Lorna E. Thorpe, Kayla Laserson, Susan Cookson, Wendy Mills, Kim Field, Venkatarama R. Koppaka, Margaret Oxtoby, Susan Maloney, Charles Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: In 2002, 51 percent of persons with tuberculosis in the United States were foreign-born; 19 percent of them had been in the United States for less than one year.1 To prevent persons ...
GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR AND NEUTROPHIL RECOVERY AFTER HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY AND AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: W.P Sheridan, M Wolf, J Lusk, J.E Layton, L Souza, G Morstyn, A Dodds, D Maher, M.D Green, R.M Fox
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval: Ofatumumab for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Refractory to Fludarabine and Alemtuzumab
Authors: Steven J. Lemery, Jenny Zhang, Mark D. Rothmann, Jun Yang, Justin Earp, Hong Zhao, Andrew McDougal, Anne Pilaro, Raymond Chiang, Joseph E. Gootenberg, Patricia Keegan, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

To describe the data and analyses that led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of ofatumumab (Arzerra, GlaxoSmithKline) for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab.The FDA reviewed the results of a planned interim analysis of a single-arm trial, enrolling 154 patients with CLL refractory to fludarabine, and a supportive dose-finding, activity-estimating trial in 33 patients with CLL. Patients in the primary efficacy study received ofatumumab weekly for eight doses, then every 4 weeks for an additional four doses; patients in the supportive trial received four weekly doses. In the primary efficacy study, endpoints were objective response rate and response duration.For regulatory purposes, the primary efficacy population consisted of 59 patients with CLL refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab. In this subgroup, the investigator-determined objective response rate was 42% [99% confidence interval (CI), 26-60], with a median duration of response of 6.5 months (95% CI, 5.8-8.3); all were partial responses. The most common adverse reactions in the primary efficacy study were neutropenia, pneumonia, pyrexia, cough, diarrhea, anemia, fatigue, dyspnea, rash, nausea, bronchitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. Infusion reactions occurred in 44% of patients with the first infusion (300 mg) and 29% with the second infusion (2,000 mg). The most common serious adverse reactions were infections, neutropenia, and pyrexia.On October 26, 2009, the FDA granted accelerated approval to ofatumumab for the treatment of patients with CLL refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab, on the basis of demonstration of durable tumor shrinkage.
TREATMENT OF RINGWORM OF THE SCALP
Authors: Samuel G. Henrickem
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to suggest a method of treatment of ringworm of the scalp, which has been consistently effective in from one to two weeks. Immediate epilation would be ideal. Manual epilation is inefficient because of the tendency of the diseased hairs to break off in the follicles and to leave the bases intact. As a result the hyphae are protected from the fungistatic effect of the medicament. The use of adhesive plaster has been proved equally unsatisfactory for the same reason. Many years ago a barbarous method was employed called the "Tar Cap" or capellus piceus. It consisted of covering the entire scalp with molten tar and then, when it hardened, removing it together with all the hair, normal as well as diseased. About seven years ago, I tried to find a method by which the diseased hairs could be removed at the beginning of treatment
HEMOPHILIA TREATED BY HUMAN BLOOD-SERUM
Authors: A. H. Traver
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In view of the fact that several cases of hemophilia were reported recently inThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>I though a brief report of the following case might be of interest as it so clearly demonstrates the value of human blood-serum. In April I was called to see a boy aged 5, in whose family there was a clear history of "bleeders," three of his mother's brothers having died of hemorrhage. Soon after this boy was born it was noticed that even after the slightest injuries he frequently had large black-and-blue spots. He has had several attacks of swelling of the ankles and knees said to have been "rheumatism," but probably hemorrhages into the joints. Five days before I was called, while cutting an apple he had received a slight cut on the finger. This had been bleeding constantly since. After much trouble this hemorrhage was stopped by the application of
Randomized study comparing the transjugular intraphepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with para-centesis
Authors: M. Rössle, A. Ochs, V. Gülberg, V. Siegerstetter, J. Holl, P. Deibert, M. Olschewski, M. Reiser, A. Gerbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Effect of CT on False Positive Diagnosis of Appendicitis and Perforation
Authors: Steven S. Raman, Ferdnand C. Osuagwu, Barbara Kadell, Henry Cryer, James Sayre, David S.K. Lu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common reasons for acute abdomen and the most common indication for emergency abdominal surgery in the United States.1 Surgeons have traditional...
Activation of signal transducer and activator transcription 3 and expression of suppressor of cytokine signal 1 during liver regeneration in rats
Authors: Shigeru Sakuda, Shinji Tamura, Akira Yamada, Jun-ichiro Miyagawa, Koji Yamamoto, Shinichi Kiso, Nobuyuki Ito, Kazuho Imanaka, Akira Wada, Tetsuji Naka, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Sumio Kawata, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Perivascular macrophages mediate neutrophil recruitment during bacterial skin infection
Authors: Arby Abtin, Rohit Jain, Andrew J Mitchell, Ben Roediger, Anthony J Brzoska, Shweta Tikoo, Qiang Cheng, Lai Guan Ng, Lois L Cavanagh, Ulrich H von Andrian, Michael J Hickey, Neville Firth, Wolfgang Weninger
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Abstract 1126: The L858R mutation of the EGFR gene might be associated with smoking in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nur Buyru, Onur Baykara, Merve Tansarikaya, Turgut Ulutin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer, which involves malignant proliferation of the epithelial lining of the lower respiratory tract is the most common cause of cancer death in men and is second only to breast cancer in women. Smoking is considered to be one of the principal causes of lung cancer. However, as only a subgroup of smokers ever develop the disease, it has been suggested that genetic susceptibility may contribute to the risk. Recent studies have shown that some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor gain-of-function mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR). Phosphorylated EGFR triggers the activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways such as RAS-MAPK, PI3K-Akt and STAT. On the other hand, point mutations in codons 12, 13 or 61 of the K-Ras gene inactivate the GTPase activity of the K-Ras resulting in continuous stimulation of autonomous growth and contribute to neoplastic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and relationship of EGFR and K-Ras mutations with smoking history in a series of 50 primary NSCLC tumors. DNA was isolated by digestion of tissue samples using a DNA isolation kit. EGFR and K-ras mutations were investigated by Real Time-PCR assay. To confirm the mutations exons 18-21 of the EGFR gene and the whole K-ras gene were also analyzed by cycle sequencing in the samples found positive by the real-time PCR assay. In four patients (8%) EGFR mutations were detected. Two of these mutations were L858R and the remaining two were deletion mutations spanning codons from 746 to 750. The L858R mutation was significantly associated with smoking status (p=0.003). K-ras codon 12 and 61 mutations were also observed in 4 patients. However, no association was observed between K-ras mutations and tumor staging, sex, histology and smoking status of the patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1126
Teaching clinical skills to preregistration house officers
Authors: E. J Breese, A. S M Jawad
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

We agree with Goodfellow and Claydon (October 2001 JRSM 1 ) that the training of ®nal-year medical students and preregistration house of®cers (PRHOs) in clinical skills can be improved.Better use can be made of the induction programme for PRHOs to include training in clinical skills, particularly as there is a substantial gap between MB BS ®nal examinations and the start of the ®rst house job.This year, our induction programme at Barts and The London NHS Trust was extended to 2 days and the structure was changed.The purpose of this was threefoldÐ foremost, to enable the new PRHOs to spend more time on the wards with the outgoing house of®cers; secondly, the number of talks was reduced to those deemed essential, to prevent information overload, and a less formal approach of `stands' for other information was adopted; ®nally, the increased length of the induction allowed us to include small-group `hands-on' training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and also training in the patient database system.We would like to expand on clinical skills for the new PRHO induction in August 2002 to include urinary catheterization, venepuncture, intravenous cannulation, arterial blood sampling and electrocardiography interpretation, using the facilities of a clinical skills laboratory.Training in needle-stick injury should be included either in induction or early in the weekly teaching sessions for PRHOs.Post-induction, we have used our Simulation Centre to train PRHOs in management of acute emergencies in respiratory medicine and cardiology, and this year two more sessions have been added in head injury and diabetic emergencies.Extending induction to more than 2 days may pose logistical dif®cultiesÐe.g.payment for PRHOs, and accommodation.Since the starting day is always a Tuesday, greater than 2 days is not feasible.
Carter and Science
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The Carter Administration is still too young and preoccupied with weightier matters to have had any serious effects on the federal government's mighty involvement with the research community. But it is proceeding with the Ford-initiated policy of washing away the rancid atmosphere that enveloped science and government relations during the Nixon years, and the prospects look good for a congenial association between Washington and the scientific enterprise. That doesn't mean that the booming blank-check days of the 1960's will reappear, but it does mean that representatives of science will have a place in court and that their professional concerns will . . .
Morphological and microscopic characterization of five commonly-used testacean traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Ying Xu, Wei Song, Ping Zhou, Ping Li, Huijun Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Testacean traditional Chinese medicine (TTCM), derived from the outer shell of sea or freshwater mollusks, is a special and important category of Chinese medicinal materials. To ensure the effective use of TTCM, a comparative identification study was performed on five commonly-used testacean drugs, including Haliotidis Concha, Arcae Concha, Meretricis Concha, Ostreae Concha and Margaritifera Concha (Shijueming, Walengzi, Geqiao, Muli and Zhenzhumu in Chinese, respectively). Typical morphological photographs of the crude drugs were acquired, and the key microscopic characteristics of the derived powders under normal light microscope and polarized light microscope were summarized. The major results can be concluded as follows: (1) the original species involved in the five TTCMs could be distinguished by their respective interspecies morphological characteristics; (2) the key identification characteristics of the five powdered crude drugs were mainly crystal fragments, with the fragment features under both normal light and polarized light microscope providing powerful points for differentiating the five commonly-used testacean drugs. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to provide authentication for these five kinds of TTCMs by the combination of morphology with microscopy.
High serum concentrations of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product, are associated with low normal value of ankle-brachial index in apparently healthy men
Authors: Ryotaro Takahashi, Akiko Imamura, Mari Yoshikane, Masayuki Suzuki, Ryuichiro Murakami, Xian Wu Cheng, Yasushi Numaguchi, Nobuo Ikeda, Toyoaki Murohara, Kenji Okumura
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Pharmacokinetics Of Epinephrine Absorption via Intranasal Administration: A Preliminary Report
Authors: K. Nakponetong, C. Srisawat, P. Benjasupattananun, C. Suratannon, L. Wachairutmanggur, S. Boonchoo, D. Pankaew, A. Laochareonkait, P. Pacharn, O. Jirapongsananuruk, N. Visitsunthorn, P. Vichyanond
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: What is really known about it?
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Peter F. Malet
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Endoscopic intra abdominal surgery yet routinely used for gynecologic operations can be extended for performing cholecystectomy in uncomplicated cholelithiasis. With the available but not yet completely satisfactory endoscopic instruments, 330 patients underwent coelioscopic cholecystectomy with few and only benign complications. The main advantages are the cosmetic aspect and strength of scars, moderation of post-operative pain and short hospital stay.
Femoral Trabecular-Pattern Index for Evaluation of Spinal Osteoporosis
Authors: MANMOHAN SINGH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A simple and universally applicable index based on the roentgenographic pattern of trabecular bone in the upper end of the femur was used to evaluate bone loss in 316 randomly selected control patients with no history of metabolic bone disease and 102 patients with clinically symptomatic osteoporosis. In control patients there was a significant loss of trabecular bone structure with increasing age; however, a large proportion of them maintained essentially normal values through the seventh and eighth decades of life. Trabecular bone loss was greater in women than in men but significantly so only after age 50 years. A point on the index could be selected that separated patients of similar ages with from those without vertebral compression fractures, with an overlap of only 10.7%. Of the 33 control patients who had index values below this point, 11 were found to have asymptomatic vertebral compression fractures.
Increased prescription of antidepressants shows correction of inadequate duration of treatment of depression
Authors: I. Reid, I. Cameron, S. MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Godlee draws attention to the Organisation for Economic Co-ordination and Development’s report that “the world’s rich nations have doubled their use of antidepressants in the past 10 years” and links this with Dowrick and Frances’ opinion piece “medicalising unhappiness” to suggest that antidepressants are being used inappropriately.1 2 3 Hence her advice: “Don’t keep taking the tablets.”

However, the raw prescription data reported tell us nothing about the appropriateness …
Trial of Compound 1003
Authors: J. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Lubrication of Joints SIR,-In your interesting article on this subject (15 February, p. 384) you speak of "c weeping lubrication " and say, " the articular cartilage exudes lubricant in advance of the point of pressure, encouraging hydrodynamic lubrication at the point of contact."This cannot be so.Charnley's pendulum experiments' showed that the load-friction ratio was constant over the whole range of conditions explored, and that we must therefore be dealing with solid friction, or, in the engineer's language, " boundary-layer lubrication."At no time in his experiments did the load-friction ratio ever indicate fluid friction or " hydro- dynamic lubrication."We have to visualize the surface of articular cartilage as being covered by a mono-molecular layer of lubricant, the molecules having their sticky ends fastened to the cartilage and their slippery ends presenting into the joint cavity.The surface so formed is a solid, and there is no liquid lubricant between the surfaces.When osteoarthritis comes to be regarded as a lubrication failure these facts will assume considerable importance.-Iam, etc., Droitwich, Worcs.
Aplastic anaemia associated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: relapse after exposure to another such drug.
Authors: R Andrews, N Russell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Bulbocavernosus Z reflex I ,\ 14-, 4 -Anal reflex Sacral reflexes.Neurological examination is mandatory in all unconscious patients, and baseline observations are extremely important in patients with spinal injury, not least for medicolegal reasons.Use of a Glasgow or similar coma chart will allow limb movements and strength to be charted.Some head injury charts do not include this facility.Neurological examination in unconscious patients is usually limited to completing the coma chart, funduscopy, and assessing tone and reflexes, but in patients with suspected cord injury the abdominal, anal, and bulbocavernosus reflexes should be recorded.The sensory response to pain can also be assessed in patients with depressed consciousness.Beware offlaccidity and areflexia in an arm as this may result from brachial plexus injury or spinal cord trauma, or both (particularly in motorcyclists).The illustrations of the lateral position, transfer to a trauma trolley, and log rolling were prepared by the department of education and medical illustration services, St Bartholomew's Hospital.
Correctional Health Care: A Public Health Opportunity
Authors: Jordan B. Glaser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

The approximately 1.2 million inmates in U.S. correctional institutions have a high prevalence of communicable diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus infection, and gonorrhea. Before their incarceration, most inmates had limited access to health care, which, together with poor compliance because of lifestyle, made them difficult to identify and treat in the general community. Because of the high yearly turnover (approximately 800% and 50% in jails and prisons, respectively), the criminal justice system can play an important public health role both during incarceration and in the immediate postrelease period. A public policy agenda for criminal justice should include an epidemiologic orientation, as well as resources for education, counseling, early detection, and treatment. Taking advantage of the period of confinement would serve both the individual and society by controlling communicable diseases in large urban communities.