tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of the intestinal enzyme acyl CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 protects mice from metabolic disorders induced by high-fat feeding
Authors: Chi-Liang Eric Yen, Mei-Leng Cheong, Carrie Grueter, Ping Zhou, Junya Moriwaki, Jinny S Wong, Brian Hubbard, Stephen Marmor, Robert V Farese
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Textbook of Nephrology
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We've got Earley and Gottshalk's<i>Strauss and Welt</i>, we've got Brenner and Rector, and, for pediatricians, we've got Edelmann. Each is a massive, two-volume tome. Is this yet another? It is indeed: one more heavy-weight nephrologic text; this one with large and glossy pages. The two distinguished authors and 40 or so of the 197 other contributors are from USC or UCLA, but there is nothing in the least parochial about this fairly encyclopedic book, with contributions from most of the large centers in North America, as well as sections by authors from Australia, West Germany, and Switzerland. Each contributor has clearly been instructed to be concise; the book is well edited and readable and, therefore, practically useful. The illustrations are good, it is packed with well-presented tables, and each section ends with half a dozen key references, which are just the sort of thing a nephrology fellow needs. His
Effective Thyroxine Ratio In Assessment of Thyroid Function
Authors: Everett K. Mincey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent paper (221:1483, 1972) by Drs. Ashkar and Bezjian entitled "Use of Normalized Serum Thyroxine (T4N): A New Approach to Thyroid Hormone Measurement" requires some additional discussion. Although the title indicates that a new approach to thyroid hormone measurement has been employed, the technique of adding a small quantity of a patient's serum to a thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) competitive binding system in order to correct for alterations in concentration of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) has been previously reported and published by myself and colleagues.<sup>1,2</sup>Our reports and papers, outlining the experimental proof of the validity of this concept, were, as far as I can determine, the first public announcement of this new method. Subsequently, extensive clinical experience with our procedure has also been reported.<sup>3,4</sup>It is true that we have chosen to report the test results as an index instead of in T4 units
Iatrogenic <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> infection: histopathology of 71 patients
Authors: G. RODRÍGUEZ, M. ORTEGÓN, D. CAMARGO, L.C. OROZCO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The histopathology is described of 190 skin biopsies from 71 patients who presented during an epidemic of nodules and abscesses in the periumbilical region and buttocks, secondary to the application of xylocaine injections. Positive cultures for Mycobacterium abscessus were obtained from the specimens and from the xylocaine solution. The severe inflammatory lesions involved the dermis and the hypodermis and had three main histopathological patterns: (i) granulomatous nodular or diffuse inflammation with mixed granulomas in 57 (80%) of the cases; (ii) prevailing abscesses with mild granulomatous reaction in 28 (15%) of the biopsies; and (iii) deep dermal and subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation with no neutrophil component in three (4%) of cases. Bacilli were detected in 51 (27%) of the specimens, frequently forming small clumps at the centre of clear spaces or vacuoles and which were lipid-like structures in 156 (82%) of the abscesses or granulomas. This series represents one of the largest reported outbreaks caused by atypical mycobacteria and in which the source of infection was confirmed. The results emphasize the essential role of skin biopsies in determining the histopathological substrate, in helping to detect the atypical mycobacterial origin and in encouraging the practice of cultures for the identification of micro-organisms.
Bone-Marrow Examination
Authors: Spencer W. Burney
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the majority of hematological disorders, the smears obtained from a simple aspiration of the bone marrow are sufficient for diagnostic purposes and a fixed portion of the clot obtained can be processed for routine histological sections. However, in 6% to 20%1-5of aspirations, the specimen obtained is so diluted with peripheral blood or the marrow so hypocellular as to make accurate diagnosis impossible. Since these so-called dry taps have a high incidence of associated marrow pathology,1-5one is faced with the responsibility of obtaining marrow sufficient for a precise diagnosis. Because repeat aspirations in dry taps are rarely successful, a biopsy of the marrow should be considered as the next diagnostic procedure or, in an attempt to obviate repeat marrow punctures, could be used as a primary procedure.  In a series of over 1,400 needle biopsies of the marrow, Ellis et al2reported satisfactory specimens in
Reflections on the Patty Hearst case
Authors: B. J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Natural killer cell‐type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Masao Ogata, Tomoyuki Imamura, Syunji Mizunoe, Eiichi Ohtsuka, Hiroshi Kikuchi, Masaru Nasu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract We describe a 69‐year‐old female who developed natural killer cell‐type body cavity lymphoma following chronic active Epstein‐Barr virus (CAEBV) infection. Examination of the patient's pleural effusion revealed large abnormal lymphocytes, which were CD2 + , CD7 + , CD30 + , CD56 + , CD3 − , and CD4 − . No rearrangement of T cell receptor genes was detected. Clonal proliferation of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐infected cells in pleural effusion was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Human herpesvirus type‐8 (HHV‐8) DNA was not detected in these cells. The patient achieved a complete remission with combination chemotherapy. Prior to the clinical onset of lymphoma, high fever of unknown origin had persisted for 21 months. IgG antibodies to EBV‐viral capsid antigen and to EBV‐early antigens, types D and R were not high (1:160 and less than 1:10, respectively). Two months after the onset of fever, however, retrospective quantitative PCR assay revealed a high EBV DNA load in plasma, indicating that CAEBV infection had been the cause of the patient's recurrent fever. The remarkable features of this case are (i) the development of lymphoma following CAEBV infection that demonstrated a normal pattern of EBV‐specific antibodies, (ii) the development of HHV‐8‐negative body cavity lymphoma, and (iii) the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 73:126–130, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating Resident Duty Hour Reforms
Authors: David O. Meltzer, Vineet M. Arora
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic Bronchitis, Shortness of Breath, and Airway Obstruction by Occupation in New Zealand
Authors: DAVID FISHWICK, LISA MARY BRADSHAW, WENDYL D'SOUZA, IAN TOWN, ROBERT ARMSTRONG, NEIL PEARCE, JULIAN CRANE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The objectives of this study were to measure the population prevalence of symptoms of chronic obstructive lung disease and mild airway obstruction and to compare these between occupational groups. There were 1,609 subjects (63.9% response rate) who completed a respiratory questionnaire. Of these, 1,132 (70.4%) underwent pulmonary function testing (FEV1 and FVC). Twenty-one categories of current occupation were used for analysis. Four definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were used: (1) chronic bronchitis, (2) chronic bronchitis with airway obstruction, (3) shortness of breath, and (4) shortness of breath with airway obstruction. For chronic bronchitis, adjusted prevalence odds ratios were significantly elevated for food processors other than bakers (OR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.27 to 6.29) and chemical processors (OR = 18.84; 3.71 to 95.64). The combination of chronic bronchitis and mild airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC < 0.75) was associated with bakers (OR = 25.5; 3.86 to 168.53) and spray painters (OR = 14.40; 2.85-72.69). Shortness of breath was associated with hairdressers (OR = 2.75; 0.80 to 9.42) and bakers (OR = 6.72; 0.57 to 79.66), and nursing was associated with lower levels of shortness of breath (OR = 0.42; 0.16 to 1.15). Working ever with vapors, gases, dust, or fumes was significantly associated with chronic bronchitis and airway obstruction (OR = 3.13; 1.07 to 9.12). This population-based study has identified certain occupations with increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis and COPD.
Clinical Heart Disease
Authors: Marcis T. Sodums
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Clinical Heart Disease</i>, written by Samuel Oram (Holt-Oram syndrome), is intended as a reasonably comprehensive rather than exhaustive textbook of cardiology with a strong clinical bias, suitable for use by medical students, practitioners, and professional cardiologists. The book contains 828 pages of text, divided into 24 chapters. After a brief summary of applied cardiovascular embryology, anatomy, and physiology, approximately the first third of the text contains a discussion of data-gathering techniques, including the history and physical examination, radiographic evaluation, and noninvasive and invasive techniques for assessment of cardiac function. The second two thirds of the book, organized into 16 chapters in broad categories, such as pericarditis, congenital heart disease, and cardiac aspects of pulmonary disease, are devoted to a discussion of specific cardiac disorders. The text reflects careful editing, being concise yet very readable, and contains few typographical errors. Clear diagrams, photographs, and tables are well utilized and enhance the
Abstract LB-94: A non-lytic, cell-based, bioluminescent HDAC assay
Authors: Thomas A. Kirkland, Andrew L. Niles, Michael A. Scurria, Tim Ugo, Nathan Evans
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I and II enzymes play a critical role in the normal gene regulation events of development and homeostasis, but their dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Broad spectrum inhibitors of HDAC Class I and II enzymes have been shown to achieve significant biological responses in otherwise refractory cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these inhibitors have yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, more sensitive and efficient tools are needed to rapidly identify and define modulators of HDAC activity. We have recently developed a one-step, homogeneous, luminescent assay for the detection of activity in a high-throughput format from multiple HDAC Class I and II isoforms, in cell culture, enriched or recombinant sources. This luciferase-containing, “glow-type” assay reagent measures HDAC activity in a proportional manner when the pro-luciferin peptide substrate becomes deacetylated and susceptible to lysine-specific cleavage by a developer enzyme contained within the reagent. This substrate is fully cell-permeable and can directly measure HDAC activity in living cells. We will present data demonstrating assay utility with attachment-dependent and suspension cell types using representative inhibitors from the hydroxamate, short-chain fatty acid, benzamide and cyclic peptide classes. Furthermore, we will correlate HDAC inhibition profiles with initiation of caspase activity and/or other cytotoxicity biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-94.
Fimbriation and curliation in Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Sonja J. Lloyd, Jennifer M. Ritchie, Alfredo G. Torres
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes, particularly E. coli O157:H7, possess a variety of fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins which have emerged as important contributors to intestinal colonization. E. coli O157:H7 possesses two chromosomal operons encoding long polar fimbriae (Lpf), which have been found to influence adherence in vitro and colonization in vivo. In a recent Infection and Immunity paper, we further explored the role of Lpf in E. coli O157:H7 intestinal colonization by using the infant rabbit model of STEC infection. We found that an E. coli O157:H7 Lpf-deficient mutant was outcompeted in the rabbit intestine by its parental strain, which may suggest that Lpf contributes to colonization. In contrast, the Lpf-deficient mutant showed an increased adherence to cultured intestinal epithelial cells, and we discovered that this strain overexpressed curli fibers. In this addendum article, we provide a continued perspective on the predicted roles of Lpf and curli, both in vivo and in vitro.
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Methoxyacetic Acid Disrupts Endogenous Estrogen Receptor-α–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Derek V. Henley, Stephanie Mueller, Kenneth S. Korach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) exposure is associated with impaired reproductive function. The primary metabolite of EGME is methoxyacetic acid (MAA), a short-chain fatty acid that inhibits histone deacetylase activity and alters gene expression.Because estrogen signaling is necessary for normal reproductive function and modulates gene expression, the estrogen-signaling pathway is a likely target for MAA; however, little is known about the effects of MAA in this regard.We evaluated the mechanistic effects of MAA on estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen signaling using in vitro and in vivo model systems.MAA potentiates 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) stimulation of an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid in HeLa cells transiently transfected with either a human ERalpha or ERbeta expression vector containing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. This result is attributed to increased exogenous ER expression due to MAA-mediated activation of the CMV promoter. In contrast to its effects on exogenous ER, MAA decreases endogenous ERalpha expression and attenuates E(2)-stimulated endogenous gene expression in both MCF-7 cells and the mouse uterus.These results illustrate the importance of careful experimental design and analysis when assessing the potential endocrine-disrupting properties of a compound to ensure biological responses are in concordance with in vitro analyses. Given the established role of the ER in normal reproductive function, the effects of MAA on the endogenous ER reported here are consistent with the reproductive abnormalities observed after EGME exposure and suggest that these toxicities may be due, at least in part, to attenuation of endogenous ER-mediated signaling.
Ampicillin and alternatives.
Authors: A Dyas, R Wise
Journal: BMJ (1983)

however, that the lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus is not segmental, and regardless of the level of the primary tumour metastatic deposits may be found in lymph nodes anywhere between the external jugular vein and the coeliac axis.9The frequency of this extensive spread has been shown in recent reports from Japan.At operation the extent of spread to the lymph nodes has been assessed in relation to the level of the primary tumour within the thorax.In one series of 354 patients,10 almost one-third of those with tumours in the upper or middle third of the oesophagus had spread to the nodes of the upper stomach, while two-thirds of patients with tumours in the lower third had spread to those nodes, 21% had spread to the coeliac nodes, 15% to the splenic nodes, and 10% to the common hepatic artery nodes.Even more disturbing is a re- port on 36 patients in whom extensive nodal currettings were carried out at operation.11Ten of the 36 had "jumping" metastases to nodes in the neck or abdomen with no intrathoracic metastases.Regardless of the level of the primary tumour left supraclavicular nodes were affected in seven patients and, surprisingly, right supraclavicular nodes were affected in nine.A surgeon contemplating resection for oesophageal carcinoma must therefore decide whether he can indemnify the patient against recurrence at the anastomosis and also against recrudescence elsewhere.Recurrent malignant dysphagia may be prevented by resecting at least 12 cm on either side of visible tumour-even though this may demand resecting most or all of the stomach and most or all of the thoracic oesophagus for tumours at or near the gastric cardia.'2Continuity should be restored by leading the jejunal or colonic conduit as far as possible from the oesophageal bed-which may still harbour microscopic residual tumour that might later invade and ob- struct the conduit.Wide bypass without resection is infinitely preferable to inadequate resection, and the operative mortality is much lower.The patient cannot be indemnified against recurrent tumour at sites other than the anastomosis.Even if the supraclavicular, mediastinal, coeliac, splenic, hepatic, and gastric lymph nodes were routinely dissected bloodborne metastases may already be present.Roberts recently recommended that mediastinal and abdominal node biopsy should be performed before sub- mitting patients to radical resection.13In view of the reported high incidence of spread to the supraclavicular nodes biopsy should be considered before even opening the abdomen or chest-since they are not routinely irradiated in radiotherapy for squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus.If these nodes are affected resection is valueless.
α-fetoprotein monitoring in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Role in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Anna S. F. Lok, Ching-Lung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Two hundred ninety patients (203 men, 87 women), age 7 to 74 years (mean: 39.1 years), with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, were prospectively followed for a period of 1 to 4 years to determine the value of α-fetoprotein monitoring in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. At presentation, 66% of the patients were asymptomatic, 19% had chronic hepatitis and 15% had established cirrhosis. Forty-four (15%) patients had elevated α-fetoprotein levels on one or more occasions during the study period. Twenty patients with normal α-fetoprotein levels at presentation developed elevated α-fetoprotein levels during the course of follow-up, whereas 24 patients had elevated α-fetoprotein levels at presentation. Six (14%) of these 44 patients (five men and one woman), age 23 to 66 years, had persistent or progressive increase in α-fetoprotein levels and were confirmed to have hepatocellular carcinoma. In four patients, the α-fetoprotein levels were below 500 ng per ml at the time of tumor localization. Only three patients had resectable tumors. All six patients would have been missed if α-fetoprotein screening was restricted to men above the age of 40 with cirrhosis and anti-HBe. Of the remaining 38 patients, elevation in α-fetoprotein levels in 18 patients was associated with exacerbations of the underlying liver disease and/or significant changes in level of hepatitis B virus replication, but in 20 patients, no apparent cause could be identified. The elevation in AFP levels exceeded 200 ng per ml in 26% and persisted beyond 6 months in 15% of these patients. We observed that elevation in α-fetoprotein levels occurred quite frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The differentiation between benign and malignant causes of α-fetoprotein elevation was at times difficult. Thus, α-fetoprotein monitoring alone is not a satisfactory tool in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.