tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Giant fibrovascular polyp of the oesophagus: report of a case and effects on oesophageal function.
Authors: R Penagini, T Ranzi, P Velio, P Zannini, G Negri, G Pezzuoli, P A Bianchi
Journal: Gut (1989)

A 40 year old man with dysphagia and a giant fibrovascular polyp of the oesophagus is reported. The patient was followed for two years before removal of the polyp. During this period the tumour markedly increased in size and the oesophagus reached a maximum diameter of 5.9 cm. In presence of the polyp the body of the oesophagus had no pressure activity after swallows and a 22 hour intraoesophageal pH record showed pH greater than 7 for 31.4% of the time and never pH less than 4. After excision of the tumour the oesophagus regained normal size and peristalsis. Intraoesophageal pH greater than 7 and less than 4 were recorded for 1.6% and 16.1% of the time respectively. Dysmotility was probably a contributing factor to the genesis of dysphagia induced by the giant fibrovascular polyp. Prolonged alkalinisation of intraoesophageal pH conceivably reflected altered oesophageal clearing of alkaline salivary and/or oesophageal secretions.
L-plastin Interacts with Receptor for Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Transduces Antiapoptotic Signaling in Human Eosinophils
Authors: T.W. Young, K. Pazdrak, C. Straub, S. Stafford, A. Kurosky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Increased CD69 expression on peripheral blood eosinophils after specific inhalation challenge
Authors: P. Pignatti, L. Perfetti, E. Galdi, V. Pozzi, A. Bossi, C. Biale, G. Moscato
Journal: Allergy (2002)

CD69 is a molecule expressed on human eosinophils after cytokine-activation. Different studies have described the eosinophil activation, evaluated by CD69 expression, at the site of an allergic inflammation. In this study we evaluated the expression of CD69 on peripheral blood eosinophils after a specific inhalation challenge (SIC), in order to better define the state of activation of peripheral blood eosinophils after exposure to sensitizers.CD69 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in nine asthmatic patients before and after a positive SIC with high or low molecular weight agents (pollens, house dust mites, Penicillia, isocyanates) and in 11 asthmatic patients who underwent an inhalation challenge with placebo. CD69 expression was evaluated at baseline, 120 min, and 240 min after the SIC or the placebo.Baseline (before challenge) CD69 expression was comparable between the group of SIC positive patients and the placebo group. CD69 expression on peripheral eosinophils significantly increased 240 min after the challenge in positive SIC patients compared to placebo. In patients with a positive SIC the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils significantly decreased at 120 and 240 min after the inhalation challenge with respect to the baseline.CD69 expression on peripheral blood eosinophils is significantly increased in asthmatic patients after exposure to the sensitizing agent. These data show that the effects of a bronchial stimulation are also detectable on peripheral blood eosinophils.
Neurobiology of extraversion: Pieces of the puzzle still missing
Authors: Jennifer Isom, Wendy Heller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The neurobiological mechanisms associated with affiliation, that Depue &amp; Collins argue are a central component of extraversion are not specified in their model. In addition, only the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in extraversion is discussed, although recent evidence suggests that activity associated with additional cortical regions may be related to this trait. Finally, the assumption that neurobiological mechanisms underlie or play a causal, and therefore, more fundamental role than psychological constructs in the trait is challenged.
Assessing food intolerance: don’t lose control
Authors: FABRIZIS SUAREZ, MICHAEL LEVITT
Journal: Gut (1997)

See article on page632 

In 1970, Cuatrecasas et al showed that healthy individuals could have an isolated deficiency of intestinal lactase.1 Shortly thereafter, it was shown that a large fraction of the world’s adult population became lactase deficient2 owing to a genetically programmed reduction in lactase activity,3 a state now known as lactase non-persistence.

Initial studies4 showed that many lactase non-persistent subjects had easily identifiable symptoms after ingestion of a challenge dose of 50 g lactose (the equivalent of one quart of milk). When early, unblinded studies5 6 suggested that physiological quantities of milk (one cup or less) could induce appreciable symptoms, lactose intolerance became a favoured explanation for a variety of what otherwise would have been considered to be functional abdominal symptoms. The widespread dissemination of this information in lay publications has led a sizable fraction of the population of the United States to believe that lactose, in trivial quantities, is the cause of a wide array of abdominal symptoms.

One of the prevailing ideas concerning lactose malabsorbers was that continued ingestion of this disaccharide …
Dual-Time F-18 FDG-PET/CT Imaging for Diagnosis of Occult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Patient With Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, Amir Sabet, Kristina Näke, Brigitte Hinterthaner, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

In this case we show the significance of dual time point PET in determining the nature of an abdominal process in a 67-year-old man with a newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Whole body PET/CT detected abnormal uptake in the distal part of the esophagus. In addition, focally increased FDG uptake was detected in the right abdomen. The late PET images of the abdomen showed an increase in the SUV resulting in this lesion being evaluated as malignant. The final pathology of the abdominal mass revealed a follicular B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma grade I.
The Effect of Nesfatin-1 Levels on Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Ahmet Çelik, Mehtap Gürger, Çağdaş Can, Mehmet Balin, Evrim Gül, Mehmet Ali Kobat, Umut Gümüşay, Mustafa Şahan, Kazım Burak Bursalı, İlyas Celiker, Suna Aydın, Süleyman Aydın
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Inability to Predict Diagnosis in Febrile Intravenous Drug Abusers
Authors: Paul R. Marantz, Mark Linzer, Cheryl J. Feiner, Stuart A. Feinstein, Arthur M. Kozin, Gerald H. Friedland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Although hospitalization is recommended for all febrile intravenous drug abusers, this practice has not been tested and validated. To determine the distribution of disease and the predictive value of clinical information available in the emergency room for diagnosis in these patients, we prospectively evaluated the clinical and laboratory data for 87 consecutive admissions involving 75 intravenous drug abusers with temperature of 38.1 degrees C or more, emergency room physicians' diagnostic predictions, and final diagnosis. Final diagnoses were pneumonia in 38% of the patients, trivial illness (viral syndrome, pharyngitis, or pyrogen reaction) in 26%, infective endocarditis in 13%, and other conditions in 23%. Neither emergency room physicians' diagnostic predictions nor clinical data correlated with a final diagnosis of endocarditis. Although physicians' prediction of trivial illness was associated with a final diagnosis of trivial illness (p less than 0.05), 29% of these patients had a more serious final diagnosis. These data confirm the need to hospitalize all intravenous drug abusers presenting with fever at an emergency room.
Cardiac Emergencies: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Robert L. Grissom
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This book is intended as a ready reference source for practicing physicians who may only infrequently see difficult cardiac problems demanding prompt action. It has been written for both a British and American audience. This is particularly noticeable when drugs are referred to by generic names, with the British and American proprietary names usually following sequentially and inclosed by parentheses.  It is a practical kind of book. The author is quite specific and even dogmatic (a word used in the cover jacket description by the publisher, in the foreword by Professor of Medicine Elliott of the University of Witwatersrand, and in the preface by the author himself). To take an example, in describing the treatment of ischemic heart disease, or acute myocardial infarction as it would more commonly be called here, he states: Anticoagulants—these should be used routinely, unless there are absolute contraindications, such as major operations performed within 24
Treatment of American Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: John L. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The curative potential of cancer chemotherapy in Burkitt's lymphoma was first identified by Burkitt and Clifford in treating endemic cases in East Africa. Subsequent to the recognition of Burkitt's lymphoma as a histologic entity, a number of cases were identified as occurring sporadically throughout the world. Treatment of such patients, however, did not seem to yield satisfactory results, and a widespread impression developed that patients with nonendemic Burkitt's lymphoma did not respond as well as did patients in Africa. Some reasons for this pessimism in the management of nonendemic Burkitt's lymphoma include the lack of a uniform treatment approach and the fact that most large institutions encountered only one or two cases annually.  The Pediatric Oncology Branch of the National Cancer Institute has recently published 1 the results of 54 patients with American Burkitt's lymphoma who were treated on uniform protocols involving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thirty-three patients were treated collaboratively
Reflux Esophagitis and the Water Bed
Authors: Jerry Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Wide reportage in the popular press of the letter by Kleinman and Plain<sup>1</sup>has given the water bed industry heartburn. A representative of the National Waterbed Manufacturers Association, the industry's national trade association, asked me to review it. The correct<i>P</i>value<sup>2</sup>is.051, not the reported "significant"<i>P</i>value of.035. This is only a careless mistake, but the letter is vague on many other important points. Were the cases that directed attention to water beds included in the study? This would be a more serious error. The minimal adjustment for it by deleting a single water bed user with reflux esophagitis increases the<i>P</i>value to.09. If only a subset of subjects with at least 2+ esophagitis was used, how was it chosen? The diagnosis of 2 + esophagitis is not clear-cut: "Erythema is difficult to distinguish from normal and friability depends on how hard you
T cell subsets and Langerhans cells in lichen planus: in situ characterization using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: A.K. BHAN, T.J. HARRIST, G.F. MURPHY, M.C. MIHM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Skin biopsies from four patients with lichen planus were studied using monoclonal antibodies directed against T lymphocytes. Anti-T1 and anti-T3 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells, stained most cells in the dermal infiltrates. The majority of infiltrating cells also stained with anti-T4 and anti-T4b antibodies, which react with helper/inducer cells, whereas a minority of cells stained with anti-T8 antibody, which reacts with cytotoxic/suppres-sor cells. Surface IgM was not identified on any infiltrating cells, providing evidence against B cell participation. Intraepidermal and dermal cells with long cytoplasmic extensions stained with anti-T6 antibody in all cases, defining them as Langerhans cells or their precursors. T6-positive cells were seen in greater number than in normal control epidermis and dermis. The results indicate that well-developed lesions of lichen planus are characterized by an influx of helper/inducer T lymphocytes and increased numbers of Langerhans cells. These observations support the contention that cellular immunity is important in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Treatment of Asthma by Ultra-violet Light
Authors: G. H. Day
Journal: BMJ (1936)

T1UA~Ef7o SHA~YUTAVOE LIGTsAll stitches should b1 out by the-eighth day; except the posterior and deep ones, which' are' genieraflyspat out or swallowed later.The Porgett splint is used to help the discharge of exudate from the nose and mouth.Any erosion in the nostril is checked with 10 per cent.argyrol solution, two drops two or three times daily, followed by sterile paraffin (a drop or two).Sedatives are not used as a routine, but if there is much crying a minim or two of tinct.'opii, repeated as required, is effective.:The infant is discharged on the ninth day, but is reviewed again in four days.The palate is 'repaired at 2 years.Subsequent repairs to the lip are carried out after 4 or 5 years of age.
999. Mature Effector Immunological Synapses Forming SMAC Mediate Clearance of Virally Infected Astrocytes from the Brain In Vivo
Authors: Carlos Barcia, Clare Thomas, James F. Curtin, Gwendalyn D. King, Kolja Wawrowsky, Marianela Candolfi, Wei-Dong Xiong, Liu Chunyan, Kurt Kroeger, Olivier Boyer, Jerzy Kupiec-Weglinski, David Klatzmann, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Immunological synapses are the essential anatomical structure that channel information exchanges between T-APC during the priming and effector phases of T cells' function, and during NK- target cell interactions. The hallmark of immunological synapses established by T cells is the formation of the supramolecular activation clusters (SMAC), in which adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 segregate to the peripheral domain of the immunological synapse (p-SMAC), which surrounds the TCR-rich or central SMAC (c-SMAC). The inability so far to detect SMAC formation in vivo has cast doubts on their functional relevance. Herein we demonstrate that the in vivo formation of SMAC at immunological synapses between effector CD8+ T-cells and target cells precedes and mediates clearance of virally infected brain astrocytes. Immunological synapses are the essential anatomical structure that channel information exchanges between T-APC during the priming and effector phases of T cells' function, and during NK- target cell interactions. The hallmark of immunological synapses established by T cells is the formation of the supramolecular activation clusters (SMAC), in which adhesion molecules such as LFA-1 segregate to the peripheral domain of the immunological synapse (p-SMAC), which surrounds the TCR-rich or central SMAC (c-SMAC). The inability so far to detect SMAC formation in vivo has cast doubts on their functional relevance. Herein we demonstrate that the in vivo formation of SMAC at immunological synapses between effector CD8+ T-cells and target cells precedes and mediates clearance of virally infected brain astrocytes.
Stem Cell Transfer and the Uterus
Authors: Mary Lake Polan, Mylene W. M. Yao
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epicardial coronary artery tone and reactivity in patients with normal coronary arteriograms and reduced coronary flow reserve (syndrome X)
Authors: Juan Carlos Kaski, Dimitris Tousoulis, Alfredo R. Galassi, Eugene McFadden, Wagner I. Pereira, Filippo Crea, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Is knowledge of brain metabolism the key to treating highly glycolytic cancers and metastases?
Authors: Edward Henry Mathews, Leon Liebenberg
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

In their recent article, Weller et al1 delineate the minor improvement in survival rates among patients with glioblastoma treated with various chemotherapeutic strategies. Malignant gliomas resort in the group of highly glycolytic cancers and metastases (HGCM) responsible for 90% of cancer-associated deaths.2 Is it possible to improve the outcome in these patients by considering the brain's strong metabolic regulation?

The brain is the healthy body's most glycolytic organ, with a typical 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-derived standard uptake value of 8.22.3 Of interest, this is close to the mean standard uptake value of 9.25 (variance, 5–22) for the HGCM that we investigated previously.3 This means that the level of cerebral blood glucose (BG) metabolism is similar to that of the mean HGCM.

Therefore, the brain with its strong energy regulation should provide the ideal microenvironment for highly glycolytic metastasis. This is indeed what is found in practice (US data), with 40% of all metastases also occupying the brain.4 With the high BG microenvironment, brain metastases are also lethal within months.1,4

Because brain BG needs are similar to those of HGCM, any aggressive antiglycolytic treatment must account for the brain's BG needs. This is indeed what is starting to emerge in practice. Before entering phase II clinical trials, the glycolytic inhibitor 2DG showed brain toxicity.5

Should we not devise methods to harm HGCM in a controlled manner while still satisfying the brain's minimum metabolic needs?3 In vivo data 6,7 suggest that such an approach (via extracorporeal glucose deprivation)3 could potentially work. Furthermore, the latest BG control technology may make such an approach practical.8

When devising clinical trials for antiglycolytic treatments, it should be borne in mind that rodent models will not manifest the key invasive properties of malignant gliomas.9 This is attributable to the vastly different regulation strengths that the rodent and the human brains have on their respective BG environments.10

There is an urgent need to more fully explore antiglycolytic treatments for patients with glioblastoma. We hypothesize that the human brain metabolism may be the limiting factor for any aggressive antiglycolytic HGCM treatment. Exploiting such a fact could result in more successful therapies targeting this tumor-protective niche. We believe that this merits further investigation.
Visual Stimulation Reverses the Directional Preference of Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Michal Rivlin-Etzion, Wei Wei, Marla B. Feller
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Direction selectivity in the retina is mediated by direction-selective ganglion cells. These cells are part of a circuit in which they are asymmetrically wired to inhibitory neurons. Thus, they respond strongly to an image moving in the preferred direction and weakly to an image moving in the opposite (null) direction. Here, we demonstrate that adaptation with short visual stimulation of a direction-selective ganglion cell using drifting gratings can reverse this cell's directional preference by 180°. This reversal is robust, long lasting, and independent of the animal's age. Our findings indicate that, even within circuits that are hardwired, the computation of direction can be altered by dynamic circuit mechanisms that are guided by visual stimulation.Video AbstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiIzNzE5M2RkNzUzZDc0ZjEwNzdhNmVlNTFkZTc0YzA5OSIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjc4NTc1MzIxfQ.ZqCQiyNkCreWl5ErdLZASkBEimsQTnXrTpjfCh3kJlPCtbnUPcxI2f_la2c6zARALFhVF1qbuqynNqlgpEFbKJUVI2o427GfTUavhsInPi75tgEbg7nbacHPyG9gp33fN9drw-CXFrXBDK3jZPioNFSfFqJh8DGwTinYs06LKM01yMX_WzlpDwD-jxzaD0ACoc_E_RY2gF1uR1nro8rY5WiDSDA-KiItpk2SEi-6Ow9zqOizrC0TfbDR595QTvLlThSRpwOE7CRNVmOthj9XU4ahkuDzq-u3wJNrcUlK1ldYSFjUYdbDpfqIiUMX514mk10p1NGla3nOzTFQcUdNVg(mp4, (13.25 MB) Download video
Platelets regulate lymphatic vascular development through CLEC-2–SLP-76 signaling
Authors: Cara C. Bertozzi, Alec A. Schmaier, Patricia Mericko, Paul R. Hess, Zhiying Zou, Mei Chen, Chiu-Yu Chen, Bin Xu, Min-min Lu, Diane Zhou, Eric Sebzda, Matthew T. Santore, Demetri J. Merianos, Matthias Stadtfeld, Alan W. Flake, Thomas Graf, Radek Skoda, Jonathan S. Maltzman, Gary A. Koretzky, Mark L. Kahn
Journal: Blood (2010)
Income and job satisfaction fall among US doctors
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The income of US doctors in most specialties fell from 2010 to 2011, while their unhappiness with practising medicine rose. Just half (54%) said that they would choose medicine again as a career.

The results came from the 2012 annual Physician Compensation Survey conducted by Medscape, the internet medical site. More than 24 000 US doctors in 25 specialties were surveyed in February this year.

The highest income specialties were radiology, orthopaedic surgery, and cardiology, while the lowest were internal medicine, family medicine, and paediatrics.⇓



The report shows that the healthcare reform goal of reducing “unnecessary care” faces challenges. Two thirds of doctors said that they would not reduce the number of tests, procedures, and treatments they …
The Liver in Infective Hepatitis
Authors: K. Damodaran
Journal: BMJ (1948)

should be noted, however, that in this type of case the irritant is a different compound of silicon from that present in talc.Even then one was hesitant to accept the present case as being siliceous, in view of the short period of five months between the appendicectomy, when presumably the talc was introduced, and the subsequent discovery of a tubal granuloma.Walker (see below) has now shown that in seven weeks a siliceous granuloma can produce a firm peritoneal adhesion, and Mackey and Gibson (see p. 1077) describe a florid granulomatous lesion developing within two weeks of implantation of talc.Thus in the present case, with its five-months interval, one is justified, I believe, in accepting the anisotropic crystals in the giant-cell granuloma as proof of the siliceous origin.A further argument against the tuberculous nature of the granulomata lies in the fact that there were macroscopically similar nodules in the left tube, which was left in situ.If these had been tuberculous or, indeed, neoplastic in nature, it is reasonable to expect that clinical evidence to that effect would have presented i4self by now.SummaryA further case of siliceous granuloma of the Fallopian tube is reported.The patient had undergone appendicectomy five months prior to hysterectomy for carcinoma of uterus.Micro- scopy reveals the presence in the Fallopian tube of a pseudo- tuberculous granuloma with giant cells containing doubly refrac- tive material, almost certainly surgical talc.A granuloma similar in histological structure but without discoverable crystals is present in the uterus alongside the carcinoma.I have pleasure in thanking Dr. Jean Herring for the clinical data, Messrs.
Retrograde BMP Signaling Regulates Trigeminal Sensory Neuron Identities and the Formation of Precise Face Maps
Authors: Liberty K. Hodge, Matthew P. Klassen, Bao-Xia Han, Glenn Yiu, Joanna Hurrell, Audrey Howell, Guy Rousseau, Frederic Lemaigre, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Fan Wang
Journal: Neuron (2007)