tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of moderate intensity exercise on arterial stiffness in resistance trained athletes, endurance trained athletes and sedentary controls: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: B Hoonjan, R Dulai, M Ahmed, A Lucey, D Morrissey, R Twycross-Lewis, S Greenwald
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Increased arterial stiffness is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Acute changes to arterial stiffness in athletes following moderate intensity aerobic exercise are unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare central and peripheral arterial stiffness at rest and with moderate intensity exercise in resistance trained (RT) athletes, endurance trained (ET) athletes and sedentary controls. Fifty two participants (18 RT athletes, 19 ET athletes and 15 controls) underwent central (carotid to femoral) and peripheral (femoral to posterior tibial) pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements before and at intervals 3, 15 and 30 min after half an hour of moderate intensity cycling (65% of maximal heart rate). PWV was measured using Doppler flow velocimeters as pulse detectors and calculated using the ‘foot to foot' velocity method. Groups did not differ in resting central or peripheral PWV. In the endurance and control group, central PWV increased at 3 min postexercise compared with resting values (from 7.7±2.2 to 10.6±4.2 m/s; P = 0.01 and from 7.4±2.2 to 9.1±3.1 m/s; P = 0.02, respectively), followed by a decline to baseline in both groups within 15 min of exercise cessation. The RT group experienced no changes in central PWV, and there were no changes to peripheral PWV postexercise in any group. The study concluded that a 30 min bout of moderate intensity exercise led to a transient increase in central PWV in the endurance and control group, most likely due to mechanisms related to vasoconstriction, but did not reduce arterial stiffness. It is likely that repeated bouts of exercise are needed or a higher intensity of exercise required before reductions in arterial stiffness occur.
Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and serum lipids in Finnish men: cross sectional study
Authors: A. Laurila, A. Bloigu, S. Nayha, J. Hassi, M. Leinonen, P. Saikku
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To determine trends in asthma mortality by age group in England and Wales during 1983-95.Design: Observational study.Setting: England and Wales.Subjects: All deaths classified as having an underlying cause of asthma registered from 1 January 1983 to 31 December 1995.Main outcome measure: Time trends for age specific asthma deaths.Results: Deaths in the age group 5-14 years showed an irregular downward trend during 1983-95; deaths in the age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65-74 years peaked before 1989 and then showed a downward trend; and deaths in the age group 75-84 years peaked between 1988 and 1993 and subsequently dropped.Trends were: age group 5-14 years, 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%); 15-44 years, 6% (5% to 7%); 45-64 years, 5% (4% to 6%); 65-74 years, 2% (1% to 3%).Deaths in the 75-84 and 85 and over categories plateaued.Conclusions: There are downward trends in asthma mortality in Britain, which may be due to increased use of prophylactic treatment.
Adipose Tissue Macrophages: Amicus adipem?
Authors: Justin I. Odegaard, Kirthana Ganeshan, Ajay Chawla
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)

Chronic overnutrition drives complex adaptations within both professional metabolic and bystander tissues that, despite intense investigation, are still poorly understood. Xu et al. (2013) now describe the unexpected ability of adipose tissue macrophages to buffer lipids released from obese adipocytes in a manner independent of inflammatory macrophage activation.
Natural History of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Charles R. Cannan, Guy S. Reeder, Kent R. Bailey, L. Joseph Melton, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease entity characterized by marked heterogeneity in morphology and natural history. Most of our knowledge of the natural history of this disorder derives from the study of hospital-based populations and is influenced by referral bias. Therefore, this population-based study was undertaken to examine the natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among unselected residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota. Methods and Results Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, confirmed by echocardiography, were identified by use of the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Patients with the echocardiographic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but with long-standing hypertension requiring drug therapy were categorized as having hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Baseline clinical details and follow-up events were obtained by retrospective chart review. Thirty-seven patients were diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 24 with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eight additional patients were first diagnosed at autopsy. The mean age of the 37 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was 59±20 years (range, 1 week to 92 years); the mean ventricular septal thickness was 17.5±3 mm. Follow-up was obtained for a median of 7.7 years (range, 45 days to 17.2 years). The 1- and 5-year survival rates were 95% and 92%, respectively; these rates did not differ from those of an age- and sex-matched population ( P =NS). The annual risk of cardiac death was 0.7%. The mean age of patients with hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was 79±8 years (range, 62 to 91 years), and the mean ventricular septal thickness was 19±2.5 mm. Follow-up was obtained for a median of 2.8 years (range, 4 days to 16.7 years). The 1- and 5-year survival rates were 75% and 43%, respectively, which differed sharply from the expected rates of 94% and 70% ( P =.0028). The annual risk of cardiac death was 5%. Atrial fibrillation and evidence for myocardial infarction on ECG, use of digoxin and diuretics, and a high New York Heart Association functional class at presentation were all associated with decreased survival by multivariate analysis for both groups combined. A history of myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and mitral annular calcification at presentation were associated with cardiac death. Conclusions Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a more benign disease than previously reported from tertiary referral centers. Patients assessed as having hypertensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy represent a subset at higher risk for cardiac and noncardiac death, with an overall decreased survival rate.
Elderly patient needs assessment, not neglect
Authors: Elaine Blume
Journal: JAMA (1983)

New loss of function in the elderly is more likely the result of new illness than of "a sudden attack of old age," according to Richard W. Besdine, MD, of the Division on Aging, Harvard Medical School, and director, Geriatric Medical Education, Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged, Boston. Speaking at a technology assessment conference on evaluating the elderly patient, Besdine explained that in the older patient functional loss, rather than a specific symptomatic complaint, may be the first sign of new disease or of the exacerbation of preexisting illness. And a given loss, such as difficulty with mobility, cognition, continence, or nutrition, may be caused by any of a number of diseases, sometimes with no obvious relationship to the loss induced. Why does illness occur so nonspecifically in the elderly? Besdine believes aging is accompanied by progressive decline in the ability to maintain homeostasis—a deficit that has been dubbed
Diabetic nephropathy is associated with an increased familial risk of stroke.
Authors: R S Lindsay, J Little, A J Jaap, P L Padfield, J D Walker, K J Hardy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy is associated with an increased familial risk of vascular disease, we have examined the causes and rates of death of parents of individuals with type 1 diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy compared with the causes and rates of death of parents of control subjects with diabetes uncomplicated by nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals with at least a 14-year duration of type 1 diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy were identified and matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes to control subjects. A total of 118 patients and 118 matched control subjects were identified and approached to obtain information on parental age and cause of death. For parents who had died, the cause of death was ascertained from the death certificate. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier curves showed that parents of subjects with nephropathy (PN) had reduced survival compared with parents of diabetic subjects without nephropathy (PC) (log rank test P &amp;lt; 0.05). There was an excess of all vascular deaths and, in particular, strokes in the parents of subjects with nephropathy (PN: 20 of 103 deaths, 19% vs. PC: 3 of 66 deaths, 4%; Fisher's exact test P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Parents of diabetic patients with nephropathy have reduced survival. This seems to be largely explained by an increase in vascular deaths and, in particular, a four-fold increase in the number of strokes. This supports the hypothesis that a common hereditary risk factor predisposes to both vascular death and diabetic renal disease.
Heavy-Particle Therapy in Acromegaly and Cushing Disease
Authors: John H. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A total of 349 patients with pituitary tumors, including acromegaly, Cushing disease, Nelson syndrome, prolactin-secreting adenoma, and chromophobe adenoma, have been treated with heavy-particle radiation during the past 17 years. The incidence of side effects has been low. Only 30 patients (8.6%) have died, most of preexisting cardiovascular complications. Heavy-particle therapy provides a form of treatment with no mortality and extremely low morbidity, and its use in treating pituitary disorders has resulted in dramatic improvement in the signs and symptoms of patients with acromegaly and Cushing disease. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2307-2310, 1976)
Ferri Carbonas Effervescens: A New and Elegant form of Chalybeate
Authors: T. Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1861)

CASE CCCCXX.M., aged 10.I removed the cornea with a tenaculum and scalpel.The vitreous humour did not escape at first; but in puncturing the clear surface of it with the point of the knife, it gushed out suddenly, and the eye became collapsed.He re- covered speedily.CASE CCCCXXI.M., aged 11. (I operated on this patient under chloroform; all the previous ones were vithout.)I removed the cornea, and the iris, which was adlherent to it, and the lens followed.He recovered immediately.CASE ccccCxir.R., aged 13 months, with staphyloma of the left eye from birth.The cornea (very much thickened), and the iris adherent to it, with the lens and some vitreous humour, were removed, and the wound healed at once.CASE ccccxxiII.F., aged 22, an otherwise good-looking young woman, with very prominent eyes.I operated under chloroform; and passing a needle and thread throughli the cornea, removed it, with the lens and some vitreous humour.A clot ultimately formed in the eye, and was discharged, and she recovered well.She called upon me sometime afterwards with an artificial eye, and it was difficult to recognise her.CASE CCCCXXIv.F., aged 11.I operated without chlo- woform, removing, by tenaculum and knife, the cornea and iris, and some vitreous humour.She was soon cured.CASE CCCCXXV.M., with staphyloma of the right eye.The irritation kept his left eye weak.With tenaculum and knife, I removed the cornea.There was an un- usually free flow of blood, and after a day or two a clot projected from the eye.The case did very well.CASE CCCCxxVI.M., aged 30.I operated under chloroform; and as another plan had been recom- menided, I tried it in this case.With a strong silk, I -tied up his cornea by the (so-called) Fergusson's knot- i.e., a double figure-of-eight knot-and punctured it as.well.He suffered more pain than is usual after these operations; but the case did perfectly well.CASE CCCCXXVII.M., aged 4i.In tlhis, and other subsequent operations, I returned to the old plan, and removed the cornea and iris, with the aid of the tena- culum and knife.The mother took the child homes
Temporal Repolarization Lability in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Caused by β-Myosin Heavy-Chain Gene Mutations
Authors: Walter L. Atiga, Lameh Fananapazir, Dorothea McAreavey, Hugh Calkins, Ronald D. Berger
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Certain genetic mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) carry an increased risk of sudden death. QT variability identifies patients at a high risk for sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias. We tested whether patients with HCM caused by β-myosin heavy-chain (β-MHC) gene mutations exhibit labile ventricular repolarization using beat-to-beat QT variability analysis. Methods and Results —We measured the QT variability index and heart rate–QT interval coherence from Holter monitor recordings in 36 patients with HCM caused by known β-MHC gene mutations and in 26 age- and sex-matched controls. There were 7 distinct β-MHC gene mutations in these 36 patients; 9 patients had HCM caused by the malignant Arg 403 Gln mutation and 8 patients had HCM caused by the more benign Leu 908 Val mutation. The QT variability index was higher in HCM patients than in controls (−1.24±0.17 versus −1.58±0.38, P &lt;0.01), and the greatest abnormality was detected in patients with the Arg 403 Gln mutation (−0.99±0.49 versus −1.46±0.43 in controls, P &lt;0.05). In keeping with this finding, coherence was lower for the entire HCM group than for controls ( P &lt;0.001). Coherence was also significantly lower in patients with the Arg 403 Gln mutation compared with controls ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —These findings suggest that (1) patients with HCM caused by β-MHC gene mutations exhibit labile repolarization quantified by QT variability analysis and, hence, may be more at risk for sudden death from ventricular arrhythmias, and (2) indices of QT variability may be particularly abnormal in patients with β-MHC gene mutations that are associated with a poor prognosis.
Medical journals in the Third World
Authors: S. R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This case illustrates the problems encountered in treating toxic epidermal necro- lysis.Corticosteroids are usually given but may predispose to bacterial and viral infections.A recent report has suggested that steroids actually worsen the prognosis in drug induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.'This case was also unusual in that the patient relapsed after considerable initial improvement.This may have been due to a second drug, tobramycin.
Abstract 4460: Breast cancer knowledge and awareness among high school and college students in mid-Western USA
Authors: Benford Mafuvadze, Angellar Manguvo, Jiaxin He, Stephen D. Whitney, Salman M. Hyder
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States among women. Each year approximately 200,000 new cases are reported and 40,000 women succumb to the disease. Early detection and treatment results in good prognosis and higher rates of patient survival; however, despite advanced methods of screening, breast cancer is often detected at an advanced stage when it has metastasized to other organs, particularly in younger, premenopausal patients who typically have a poor understanding of the disease. While educational activities meant to promote breast cancer awareness among women are conducted every year in the USA, especially during the month of October, previous studies show a widespread ignorance of the disease, in both the USA and in women around the world. At present there are no programs in place that specifically promote breast cancer awareness among high school and college students. Such programs would potentially engender the adoption and development of health habits likely to lead to early detection and treatment, including regular screenings and effective self-examination. The main goal of this study was to investigate breast cancer awareness among college and high school students. We used self-administered questionnaires to assess breast cancer perceptions and misconceptions, awareness of risk factors and understanding of breast self-examination. A total of 355 high school students and 132 college students in a Mid-Western area of the USA participated in the study. Our findings were in accordance with previous studies carried out in other regions of the world, showing that a high proportion of students at both high school and college level were largely ignorant of the risk factors associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, a number of misconceptions regarding the disease were common. Only 66% of female college students and 40% of female high school students reported having ever received information on breast self-examination. Interestingly, only half the students who had received instruction reported that they could perform breast self-examination with confidence. Most of the participants however, expressed an eagerness to have more information provided in schools. Consequently we strongly urge the adoption of more breast cancer awareness programs targeting college and high school students. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4460. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4460
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Both an editorial (1981;245:2519) and an article (1981; 245:2521) on the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia inThe Journalinfer that until the present, it has not been possible to relieve this pain without undue adverse effects or a high rate of recurrence. I quite agree that the treatment of this problem by the majority of neurosurgeons now in practice is fairly presented. I am not taking up the cudgels to reverse the modern trend, since that is not yet indicated, despite the aggressive enthusiasm of proponents for change. I do desire to set the record straight. In the first place, tic douloureux was treated successfully in the past, and second, to infer otherwise destroys a standard by which recent efforts can be truly judged.  Grant 1 reported in 1938 on Frazier's and his own series of retrogasserian operations on the trigeminal nerve in 925 patients with tic douloureux.
BACILLUS WELCHII INFECTION
Authors: Preston Nowlin
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Infection with B. welchii as the causative organism is of infrequent occurrence in civil practice. Such cases as are seen are generally those in which marked tissue damage has taken place and in which the wound has been grossly contaminated, as in street accidents and in gunshot wounds. The case reported here is of unusual interest because of the probable portal of entry of the infection and on account of the fact that it developed in apparently normal muscle tissue. A. J., a white man, aged 46, seen, April 30, 1932, complained chiefly of hemorrhoids. His family and past history presented nothing of importance except for the history of mild alcoholism during the past few weeks. The patient was well developed, rather obese, and somewhat under the influence of alcohol. Examination of the chest and abdomen presented no abnormalities. Rectal examination showed a large cluster of protruding externo-internal hemorrhoids with
Arteriospasm after Ergotamine Tartrate
Authors: R. A. L. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIBCRTISOHNALthat the changes in urinary-oestrogens excre- tion after oophorectomy or adrenalectomy cannot be related to clinical benefit.6A possible conclusion is, therefore, that the benefit that follows oophorectomy or adrenalectomy in some patients with breast cancer is due not so much to removal of oestrogen as to the consequent liberation of gonadotrophins that follows such ablation therapy.In other words breast cancer in the younger woman may not be so much "oestrogen dependent" as "pituitary dependent."'There is, of course, other evidence that points to the same conclusion, but I hesitate to repeat this evidence in a letter.I would add only that my suggestion should lead logically to a trial of human pituitary gonadotrophin administration in patients with breast cancer failing to respond to castration.A similar trial was suggested in the treatment of cases showing a low gonadotrophin excretion after adrenalectomy.8The absence of reports of such trials in the literature to date reflects the difficulty of procuring adequate supplies of human pituitary gonadotrophin for thera- peutic trial, but I hope that this will be remedied in the near future.-Iam, etc., Melbourne, Australia.
Surgical Treatment of Rabies
Authors: W. B. Roantree
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICAL JOURKLL filter through good-quality filter paper.The filtrate should be clear.Add 0.5 ml. of the filtrate to 5 ml. of Benedict's qualitative reagent and treat as before.Wih a Duboscq colorimeter set the unknown at 10 and read the standard.Let the reading be R.(40-R)x 5 (dilution) (40-R) x 5 grammes 2 (for using 0.5 instead of O.25) 2 per litreThat is, we can read the amount direct as if we are using 0.1 ml. of urine (from the table and Fig. 1).With the Lumetron 2 ml. of the supernatant fluid is mixed with 8 ml. of water (as usual).The transmission is read on the line of 0.1 ml. of urine.For the amount of sugar in milk divide by 10 to get grammes %.The result is multiplied finally by 67/50, the reduction factor for lactose.
Controlled Trial of Metoclopramide in the Treatment of Flatulent Dyspepsia
Authors: A. G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A double-blind cross-over trial of metoclopramide (Maxolon) against placebo was undertaken in 42 patients with flatulent dyspepsia. A highly significant difference was found in favour of the active drug (P&lt;0·01). The time at which the drug is given in relation to the meal and onset of symptoms is probably important. It is concluded that metoclopramide is effective in the short-term treatment of these symptoms but should be started only after thorough investigations have excluded more serious disease.
STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
Authors: Hutton D. Slade, Yoshitami Kimura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Heat-killed cells of Group A streptococci caused death of the adrenalectomized rat. While the adrenalectomized rat readily succumbed to intraperitoneal infection with living cells, death was due primarily to toxicity. The normal rat was highly resistant under either condition. For studies on the toxic materials, the cells of numerous serological types of group A streptococci, and of a Group B and a Group D streptococcus, were extracted with 0.1 N HCl at 100 degrees C. or by sonic oscillation. The extracts, containing macromolecular components, were subjected to chemical fractionation and purification. C substance and M protein of Group A streptococci released from the cell by sonic oscillation were toxic to the adrenalectomized rat in quantities of 1 mg./100 gm. rat. Death usually occurred within 2 hours. On the other hand, C substance and M protein released from the cell with HCl at 100 degrees C. were relatively non-toxic to the adrenalectomized rat. The sonic-extracted C substance of streptococcal Groups B, C, and D was also toxic. The toxic property of the C and M preparations was neutralized in vitro in each case by group and type-specific rabbit antiserum. Heterologous antiserum was without effect. Adrenalectomized rats which received homologous antiserum 18 hours before challenge were also resistant to the toxicity of the C and M preparations. Trypsin destroyed the toxic effect of the M protein preparations and was without effect on the toxicity of the C substance. The R antigen and a nucleoprotein component of Group A streptococci, preparations of protein from Groups B and D streptococci, and coagulase from Staphylococcus aureus were all found to be essentially non-toxicic for the adrenalectomized rat. Large quantities of peptone, crystalline albumin, and rabbit serum were also without effect.