tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guantanamo: a call for action: Would GMC dismiss a complaint against Guantanamo doctor?
Authors: Christopher J Burns-Cox, Andrew Rouse, David Halpin, Vidhu Mayor, Tom Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Recently the Californian Medical Board dismissed a complaint of medical mistreatment brought against Dr E.1 2 The complaint was dismissed because Dr E was superintendent of medical services at Guantanamo. He works for the military.1 2

By dismissing the complaint on these grounds the board has clearly subjugated its authority to the army and legitimised the employment of a modern day state inquisitor. We think that our …
Why clinicians are natural bayesians: Bayesian confusion
Authors: David J R Hutchon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Right to die" Legal view of right to life and death could threaten philosophy of palliative careEditor-Grayling claims that the "right to life" means quite a rich life; withholding treatment with death as the result and giving treatment that causes death are indistinguishable; and death is the ultimate analgesic. 1 Grayling also implies that the double effect is widely abused.The EC Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms protects against intentional deprivation of life. 2 Quality of life is not mentioned, and terminating a life at a person's request is clearly not permitted."Right to life" is perhaps a "right not to be killed," in medicine, generally relating to survival and not assisted death.However, some interpret it as giving patients a right to cardiopulmonary resuscitation regardless of the clinical circumstances 3 ; extrapolation to all potential interventions at the life-death interface could have disastrous consequences for the medical profession.Patients obviously can wish for their life to be terminated without needing to explain why, and they arguably have a right to attempt suicide.However, a right to assisted dying equates to a right that somebody else will kill or help to kill them on request-very different from withholding treatment or the double effect.Withholding treatment relates to interventions unable to produce the desired benefit. 4 In palliative care withholding treatment does not directly cause death that arises from an irreversible and unsustainable pathological burden.And death without adequate analgesia is possibly the ultimate pain for everyone.Judicious use of analgesia is an essential part of good terminal care, and, in 15 years as a doctor, I have yet to see a death attributable to deliberate analgesic overdose by a doctor.Palliative care affirms life until the moment of death, regarding death from advanced incurable disease as a natural process. 5 It aims to relieve pain and other distressing symptoms, enhance remaining quality of life, and neither hasten nor postpone death.These human "death rights" should perhaps be protected by legislation.Ill-conceived legislative changes that take the right to life or the right to death beyond sensible limits or give certain doctors the right to kill on request could jeopardise palliative care.
Self-deceived about self-deception: An evolutionary analysis
Authors: Mario Heilmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Mele's modified definition of self-deception is consistent with evolutionary theory. Self-deception is most likely whenever ignorance confers (reproductive) advantage, namely, in impression management, deception, conformity, social norms, reproductive knowledge, and existential conflicts. Second-order self-deception (unawareness of unawareness) perpetuates self-deception and may be the reason for our misguided definitions.
Comparison of costs of photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation for management of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus: the Aintree experience
Authors: O. Noorullah, P. Lekahraju, N. Povalarapu, N. Kapoor
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent NICE guidelines suggest offering endoscopic ablative therapy to patients with high-grade dysplasia and intra-mucosal oesophageal carcinoma as an alternative to surgery. Both Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are recommended by NICE taking into account their long-term efficacy, cost and complication rates. There are no direct comparative studies of RFA versus PDT but NICE suggested PDT had increased side-effects and was less cost-effective. As a single institution that has undertaken both forms of ablative treatment, we aimed to compare the difference in cost for PDT and HALO within a single site. <h3>Methods</h3> University Hospital Aintree is a upper GI cancer referral centre with experience in ablative therapy. Patients that had undergone PDT (2005–2008) and HALO RFA (2008–2009) for flat HGD and intramucosal cancer were included. Drug, admission and endoscopy consumable costs were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> PDT patients were treated with photofrin photosensitiser 48 h pre-procedure followed by activation using a laser fibre via a balloon-centering device as an inpatient. Pharmaceutical company provides laser loan facility so no capital costs incurred. Patients were allowed home once symptoms stable. All endoscopic procedures were carried out under conscious sedation. Following PDT all patients underwent surveillance examination and APC was applied to residual Barrett9s in all but one case. No dilatations were needed post therapy. RFA patients had ablation on a 3 monthly basis using HALO 90 and 360 consumables as per UK RFA HALO registry protocol until eradication of Barrett9s. No capital costs for equipment which was loaned from company. Two patients were admitted following RFA due to lack of escort and chest pain. Number of ablations undertaken ranged from 1 to 4 (mean 2). Two patients had EMR post ablation of focal lesions. Following ablation all patients entered a standard surveillance follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our costing calculations show RFA to be cheaper than PDT on average when calculated across a similar number of patients at a single institution. This is in keeping with the NICE cost effectiveness analysis. Significant individual variation for both procedures relates to hospital admission, consumables, drug costs and need for further endoscopic therapy. Side effect profile and long-term outcomes will also need to be taken into account in choice of ablative therapy.
Advising Medical Students About Internships
Authors: Herbert B. Hudnut
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The most important event for most students in the fourth year of medical school is obtaining an internship. In 1969, a total of 8,393 fourth-year medical students participated in the National Intern and Resident Matching Program (NIRMP).<sup>1</sup>Of these, 8,114 (96.7%) were matched. Very little has been written on the subject of advising medical students about internships.<sup>2,3</sup>At some medical schools, an assistant or associate dean advises all students about internships and writes school letters for them. Other schools utilize departmental representatives or committees for the following reasons: (1) the need to give accurate advice to students interested in internships (and often straight internships) in multiple fields of specialty training, and (2) the amount of time required to both advise and write letters of recommendation. <h3>Choice of Internship</h3> The National Intern and Resident Matching Program has supplied information about internship placement. In 1969, a total of 62% of
Constitutive expression of bcl-2 in B cells causes a lethal form of lupuslike autoimmune disease after induction of neonatal tolerance to H-2b alloantigens.
Authors: M López-Hoyos, R Carrió, R Merino, L Buelta, S Izui, G Núñez, J Merino
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The bcl-2 protooncogene has been shown to provide a survival signal to self-reactive B cells, but it fails to override their developmental arrest after encounter with antigen. Furthermore, constitutive expression of bcl-2 in B cells does not promote the development of autoimmune disease in most strains of mice, indicating that signals other than those conferred by bcl-2 are required for long-term survival and differentiation of self-reactive B cells in vivo. To further examine the factors that are required for the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, we have assessed the effect of bcl-2 overexpression on the development of host-versus-graft disease, a self-limited model of systemic autoimmune disease. In this model, injection of spleen cells from (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 hybrid mice into BALB/c newborn parental mice induces immunological tolerance to donor tissues and activation of autoreactive F1 donor B cells through interactions provided by allogeneic host CD4+ T cells. BALB/c newborns injected with spleen cells from (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 mice expressing a bcl-2 transgene in B cells developed high levels of anti-single-stranded DNA and a wide range of pathogenic autoantibodies that were not or barely detectable in mice injected with nontransgenic spleen cells. In mice injected with transgenic B cells, the levels of pathogenic autoantibodies remained high during the course of the study and were associated with long-term persistence of donor B cells, development of a severe autoimmune disease, and accelerated mortality. These results demonstrate that bcl-2 can provide survival signals for the maintenance and differentiation of autoreactive B cells, and suggest that both increased B cell survival and T cell help play critical roles in the development of certain forms of systemic autoimmune disease.
One-Year Follow-up of Intracoronary Stem Cell Delivery on Left Ventricular Function Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jay H. Traverse, Timothy D. Henry, Carl J. Pepine, James T. Willerson, Stephen G. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The Timing In Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (TIME)1 trial assessed whether the timing of stem cell delivery affects the recovery of left-ventricular (LV) function following myocardial infarction. Patients with anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who were reperfused with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting and had at least moderate LV dysfunction. (left-ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤ 45%) were randomized (2:1) to 150 million autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) or placebo with intracoronary delivery performed on Day 3 (n=67) or Day 7 (n=53). At 6 months, no benefit of cell therapy was observed compared to placebo following cell delivery on Day 3 or Day 7. We now report outcomes at 1 year; the collection of clinical endpoint and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data was pre-specified but not the analysis plan.
The transport of vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. Isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D binding protein.
Authors: M Imawari, K Kida, D S Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

This study reports the isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D binding protein (DBP), the specific transport protein for vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. DBP was labeled by the addition of a tracer amount of 3H-labeled 25-OH-D3 to the original plasma used for protein fractionation. Previous experiments have shown that such 25-OH-D3 added in vitro binds to the same protein normally responsible for the transport of endogenous 25-OH-D and of vitamin D. The isolation of human DBP was achieved by an extensive sequence of procedures which resulted in a final yield of only approximately 4 mg of purified DBP from a starting volume of 34 liters of plasma. Purified DBP was homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a single band of protein on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. DBP had a sedimentation constant of 3.49s and a mol wt of approximately 52,000. The molecular weight was assessed by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and also by sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc-gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on a standardized column of Sephadex G-150. The amino acid composition of DBP was determined and was generally consistent with the estimated extinction coefficient (E1cm1% at 280 nm) of about 9.1. The isoelectric point of DBP was estimated as 4.8 from isoelectric focusing experiments. Direct study of the binding capacity of the purified DBP for added 25-OH-D3 showed that the isolated DBP had a high affinity for 25-OH-D3, with an apparent maximum binding capacity of one molecule of 25-OH-D3 per molecule of protein.
1142 MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS AFTER AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELLS TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: G.R. Burganova, S.R. Abdulkhakov, A.A. Gumerova, I.M. Gazizov, T.S. Yilmaz, M.A. Titova, A.K. Odintcova, A.P. Kiassov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
GMC finds no case to answer against Ian Craft
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The General Medical Council has cleared Professor Ian Craft, one of the United Kingdom's best known fertility specialists, of serious professional misconduct after finding that the key witness against him was “unreliable.” Professor Craft had been accused of repeatedly overcharging a patient named only as Ms B. He also faced charges before the GMC's fitness to practise panel of failing to obtain informed consent for procedures, failing to keep proper records, and providing an inadequate standard of care.

But during the three week hearing, Ms B's evidence often clashed with contemporaneous records kept by Professor Craft's clinic, the London Fertility Centre; by her own GP; and by London's Wellington Hospital, where she had laparoscopic …
Radioactive isotopes in clinical medicine. I.
Authors: C. W. Havard, J. McAlister
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A rational understanding of the use of radioactive isotopes must be based on an elementary knowledge of the structure of the atom and of the fundamental particles.To keep this section as brief and as simple as possible we shall first deal with the radioactive particles, and then consider the types of radiation and the measurement of radioactivity.
Profound Xenon-133 Trapping in Left Main Bronchus
Authors: MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, JERRY M. BROWN, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON, JOHN M. BAUMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus eroded into the central airway with production of left main bronchus occlusion and aspiration pneumonia of the right lower lobe.
Very-Low-Calorie Diets
Authors: Michael I. Weintraub
Journal: JAMA (1990)

7b the Editor.—  The commentary entitled Responsible and Irresponsible Use of Very-Low-Calorie Diets in the Treatment of Obesity by Wadden et al 1 was excellent and well balanced. They argue convincingly that a long-term weight control program is the only effective solution. There is, however, a greater potential for abuse and danger lurking in nonregulated diet pills containing phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. The obsession with low weight has caused individuals to look for a quick fix solution and this has been enhanced by aggressive advertising and marketing techniques. Evidence for the efficacy of phenylpropanolamine in both short- and long-term studies is not confirmed and has led some authors to conclude that phenylpropanolamine has no role in the treatment of obesity. 2 However, of greater concern is the safety issue. Phenylpropanolamine is a stimulant that is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine and it is contained in more than 70 proprietary overthe-counter preparations.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Hypertension
Authors: Robert C. Tarazi
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Elsewhere in this issue (p 1285), Sparrow et al report that ECG signs suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) might serve as predictors of subsequent hypertension. These epidemiologic observations raise new questions regarding cardiac involvement in hypertension; the latter has recently been a rapidly evolving field. The relationship between hypertension and LVH was usually thought of as a direct response of the heart to a pressure overload. Apparently supporting that viewpoint was the high incidence of LVH in hypertensive patients both at autopsy and in epidemiologic studies,<sup>1</sup>as well as the close correlation found in some models of experimental hypertension between BP level and ventricular weight. More recently, however, evidence has been accumulating, again from both experimental and clinical studies, to the effect that the cardiac response to hypertension was more complex than originally surmised,<sup>2</sup>that it developed early in the evolution of the disease,<sup>3</sup>and that
T‐cell and antibody response to <i>Parietaria Judaica</i> allergenic fractions in atopic and nonatopic individuals
Authors: F. Sallusto, F. Quintieri, O. Pugliese, G. Reale, C. Pini, G. Di Felice
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The in vitro proliferative response to separated immunologically relevant components of Parietaria judaica pollen extract (PjE) was investigated by proliferation assay and limiting dilution analysis, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Parietaria‐allergic subjects and nonallergic controls. In the same subjects, the profile of the antibody response to the PjE fractions was also studied by immunoblotting to evaluate the functional significance of allergen‐induced T‐cell activation in the two groups. The estimated frequency of PjE‐reactive T cells in peripheral‐blood mononuclear cells was low in both groups. No difference was found between the Parietaria‐allergic subjects and nonallergic controls. To assess the overall contribution to the cellular response of PjE components of different molecular weights, we separated the extract by the SDS‐PAGE technique, and the fractions were blotted onto nitrocellulose and solubilized. Almost all the 14 fractions tested induced T‐cell proliferation, at different degrees of magnitude. Responses were similar in the allergic subjects and nonallergic controls. Immunoblotting demonstrated specific IgG antibodies to the 14 PjE fractions not only in the allergic subjects, but also in the healthy controls, whereas IgE antibodies were found, as expected, only in the sera from atopic subjects. These findings indicate that PjE fractions elicit similar T‐cell activation and IgG production in allergic and normal subjects.
T cells in arthritis
Authors: A. P COPE
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

T cells in arthritis . Edited by P Miossec, W B van den Berg, G S Firestein. (Pp 231; DM 198). Progress in inflammation Research. Series editor M J Parnham. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1998. ISBN 3-7643-5853-X.

On seeing this title, you might be forgiven for thinking “not another one!” However, this is a T cell book with a difference. Among the contributors, a comprehensive line up of those truly dedicated to their art (with not one Brit among them!), are several senior investigators known to the rheumatology community more for their communications that have underscored the lack of importance of T cells in …
A Mutant Collagen XIII Alters Intestinal Expression of Immune Response Genes and Predisposes Transgenic Mice to Develop B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Anne Tuomisto, Malin Sund, Jenni Tahkola, Anne Latvanlehto, Eeva-Riitta Savolainen, Helena Autio-Harmainen, Annikki Liakka, Raija Sormunen, Jussi Vuoristo, Anne West, Riitta Lahesmaa, Herbert C. Morse, Taina Pihlajaniemi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis by aiding in the discrimination of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms and modulating the activities of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. Functional breakdowns resulting in chronic infection and inflammation are associated with the development of hematologic and solid neoplasms for which detailed pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. Mice heterozygous for a transgene Col13a1del expressing a mutant collagen XIII developed clonal mature B-cell lineage lymphomas originating in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). The tumors were associated with T cells and macrophages. The incidence of disease was reduced 2-fold in transgenic mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions, suggesting a role for infectious agents. The lymphomas did not express the mutant collagen XIII, indicating that its influence on tumorigenesis was B-cell extrinsic and likely to be associated with collagen XIII–positive tissues drained by the MLN. Studies of the small intestines of transgenic mice showed that the subepithelial basement membranes (BM) were highly abnormal and that they exhibited heightened expression of genes involved in immune responses. These results define collagen XIII–dependent maintenance of the intestinal BM as a previously unappreciated component of immune responses and a critical determinant of cancer susceptibility. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10324–31]
Charting a Roadmap for Heart Failure Biomarker Studies
Authors: Tariq Ahmad, Mona Fiuzat, Michael J. Pencina, Nancy L. Geller, Faiez Zannad, John G.F. Cleland, James V. Snider, Stephan Blankenberg, Kirkwood F. Adams, Rita F. Redberg, Jae B. Kim, Alice Mascette, Robert J. Mentz, Christopher M. O'Connor, G. Michael Felker, James L. Januzzi
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)
Electrospun Nanofibers for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wenying Liu, Stavros Thomopoulos, Younan Xia
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2011)

Abstract This Progress Report reviews recent progress in applying electrospun nanofibers to the emerging field of regenerative medicine. It begins with a brief introduction to electrospinning and nanofibers, with a focus on issues related to the selection of materials, incorporation of bioactive molecules, degradation characteristics, control of mechanical properties, and facilitation of cell infiltration. Next, a number of approaches to fabricate scaffolds from electrospun nanofibers are discussed, including techniques for controlling the alignment of nanofibers and for producing scaffolds with complex architectures. The article also highlights applications of the nanofiber‐based scaffolds in four areas of regenerative medicine that involve nerves, dural tissues, tendons, and the tendon‐to‐bone insertion site. The Progress Report concludes with perspectives on challenges and future directions for design, fabrication, and utilization of scaffolds based on electrospun nanofibers.