tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenalin in Malaria
Authors: RICARDO AGUILAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 June 1929Adrenalin in MalariaRICARDO AGUILAR, M.D., F.A.C.P., D.D.S.RICARDO AGUILAR, M.D., F.A.C.P., D.D.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-12-1343 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI know of no literature regarding the use of adrenalin in the treatment of pernicious malaria but have noted the beneficial clinical results obtained by Doctor N. P. Macphail, who has used it rather extensively in cases of persistent nausea and vomiting incident to severe malaria infection.In pernicious attacks, whether of the cerebral, algid or paratyphoid types, sluggish reactions from the use of quinine, intramuscularly, or orally, supplemented by subcutaneous injections of adrenalin chloride in doses of from 8 to 15 minims, it is frequently followed by an acute exacerbation of the symptoms; and though parasites could not be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICARDO AGUILAR, M.D., F.A.C.P., D.D.S.Affiliations: Quirigua Hospital United Fruit Co. Puerto Barrios, Guatemala PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1929Volume 2, Issue 12Page: 1343-1345KeywordsChloridesMalariaNauseaParatyphoidQuinineSubcutaneous injectionsVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
TOBACCO ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: ELI MOSCHCOWITZ
Journal: JAMA (1928)

That tobacco smoking may cause a clinical condition closely resembling true angina pectoris due to coronary or aortic disease is more or less well known. The difficulty in the differential diagnosis between the two conditions may be increased when the patient shows some objective evidence of coronary and aortic disease; in such instances, one cannot speak strictly of "tobacco heart" but of the effect of tobacco on an already existing cardiovascular disease. In both instances, the effect of long continued and complete abstinence is profound; but the differentiation between tobacco angina and angina pectoris due to organic disease is possible in the last analysis only by noting whether suffering ceases with abstinence. Even before this event, a differentiation may sometimes be made by taking into consideration certain clinical manifestations peculiar to tobacco angina. <h3>REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE</h3> Strangely, there are not many first-hand observations on the effect of smoking on
An elusive cause of black stool
Authors: Ben R Hornung, Srinivasan Ravi
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 29 year old man presented with black stools to the emergency department while in Germany in 2000. He was otherwise asymptomatic at the time, and a gastroscopy and colonoscopy were normal. His bowel habit normalised, so he was discharged and advised to contact his general practitioner when he returned to England. Eight years later, aged 37, he presented to our institution with a similar episode. During this admission his haemoglobin remained normal and a repeat gastroscopy and colonoscopy were normal. He was again discharged. In 2010 he presented again to the surgical department with another episode of black stools. This time, on admission his haemoglobin was noted to be 80 g/L (reference range 130-180). All his other blood test results were normal. He underwent a blood transfusion and a repeat gastroscopy, which was again unremarkable.

A nuclear medicine scan raised the suspicion of the likely diagnosis, which was confirmed at laparoscopy.



### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Meckel’s diverticulum.

#### Long answer

Meckel’s diverticulum occurs in 1-2% of the population and is caused by persistence of …
PROLAPSE OF THE RECTUM IN CHILDREN
Authors: I. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1930)

CHILDREN r MItzCzAL JofRNA 1047 complex did not descend at all below the iso-electrical level, being entirely of R. type, and for the first time the T wave was easily identified as positive in character.In Lead II the T wave was less steeply inverted, while in Lead III it remained much the same.On Decemi-ber 30th in Lead I ther e was a frank upward R wave of a voltage of 4 mm., but a wave which was slurred in its downiward stroke; the T wave was still erect but its voltage had doubled.In Lead II for the first time the T wave was positive; but the T wave in Lead III remained inverted, and the curve in that lead was practically identical with that of eighteen days previously.The patient nmade 'a clinical recovery, and a few days later left for Cornwall.
M35 Adverse Effects Of Latent Tuberculosis Treatment In Migrants
Authors: E. Denneny, V. Macavei, S. Rolls, C. Ma, N. Jayasekera, T. O'Shaughnessy, V. Potter, V. White, H. Kunst
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Most cases of tuberculosis (TB) in the UK occur in migrants. The majority develop active TB within 5 years of arriving in the UK, usually due to reactivation from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Therefore identifying and treating LTBI in migrants who are at risk of reactivation, is critical to reduce rates of active TB. It is, however, unclear if migrants develop any significant adverse effects from chemoprophylaxis (Rifampicin and Isoniazid), which subsequently affects adherence. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess the type and frequency of adverse effects in migrants on treatment for LTBI. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study was conducted within our Trust between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2012. Records of patients between the ages of 16–35, who had lived in the country for less than 5 years and received chemoprophylaxis, were examined. <h3>Results</h3> 472 patients treated for LTBI were included. Mean age was 30.4 ± 7.4 years and 54.8%(259) were males. Ethnic origin included: Indian subcontinent 327(69.3%), African 113(24%), Caucasian 14(3%) and other 18(3.8%). Hepatitis B was detected in 5 cases (1%), hepatitis C in 2 cases (0.4%) and HIV was present in 1 case (0.2%). 19(4%) patients experienced adverse effects. 13(2.7%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting), 4(0.8%) developed a skin rash and there was 1(0.2%) case of thrombocytopenia. Three of the 4 cases who developed a skin rash stopped ATT, and all three patients developed active TB two to four years later. One patient developed peripheral neuropathy due to Isoniazid. Drug induced hepatitis with a rise in ALT greater than three times the upper limit of normal was present in 15 patients (3.1%). An increase in bilirubin level greater than two times normal was recorded in 5 patients (1%). One patient who had concurrent hepatitis B was hospitalised due to hepatotoxicity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Treatment for LTBI in migrants below the age of 35 is safe, associated with a low risk of hepatotoxicity and should be feasible in primary care. Adverse effects should be managed promptly to ensure treatment adherence and prevention of progression to active TB.
Experts regret early cessation of anticancer drug trial
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole after five years of tamoxifen treatment seems to improve disease-free survival in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer.

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Study participant Kathy Anderson (left) and second author of the research paper Dr James Ingle of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota (right)

Credit: AP PHOTO/AARON HARRIS

The study, designed to test five years of letrozole treatment after tamoxifen therapy, was discontinued after a median follow up of only 2.4 years because the researchers observed survival benefit in the letrozole group compared with the placebo group. The study is scheduled to …

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334 PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA AGONISTS, PIOGLITAZONE AND PROSTAGLANDIN J2 HAVE PROMINENT ANTINEOPALSTIC EFFECTS AGAINST HEPATITIS B VIRUS-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: J.J. Shim, B.H. Kim, J.Y. Jang, S.H. Dong, H.J. Kim, Y.W. Chang, R. Chang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Patterns of Myocardial Substrate Use in Humans With Coronary Artery Disease or Left Ventricular Dysfunction During Surgical Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Aslan T. Turer, Robert D. Stevens, James R. Bain, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Johannes van der Westhuizen, Joseph P. Mathew, Debra A. Schwinn, Donald D. Glower, Christopher B. Newgard, Mihai V. Podgoreanu
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Human myocardial metabolism has been incompletely characterized in the setting of surgical cardioplegic arrest and ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, the effect of preexisting ventricular state on ischemia-induced metabolic derangements has not been established.We applied a mass spectrometry-based platform to profile 63 intermediary metabolites in serial paired peripheral arterial and coronary sinus blood effluents obtained from 37 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, stratified by presence of coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. The myocardium was a net user of a number of fuel substrates before ischemia, with significant differences between patients with and without coronary artery disease. After reperfusion, significantly lower extraction ratios of most substrates were found, as well as significant release of 2 specific acylcarnitine species, acetylcarnitine and 3-hydroxybutyryl-carnitine. These changes were especially evident in patients with impaired ventricular function, who exhibited profound limitations in extraction of all forms of metabolic fuels. Principal component analysis highlighted several metabolic groupings as potentially important in the postoperative clinical course.The preexisting ventricular state is associated with significant differences in myocardial fuel uptake at baseline and after ischemia/reperfusion. The dysfunctional ventricle is characterized by global suppression of metabolic fuel uptake and limited myocardial metabolic reserve and flexibility after global ischemia/reperfusion stress in the setting of cardiac surgery. Altered metabolic profiles after ischemia/reperfusion are associated with postoperative hemodynamic course and suggest a role for perioperative metabolic monitoring and targeted optimization in cardiac surgical patients.
Screening the newborn for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: parents' views.
Authors: M A Firth, E J Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

seek medical care for symptoms that may have been due to a myocardial infarction.'2If so, an increase in the proportion of less severe cases would have been expected.Since the mortality increased as much as the incidence, however, this seems to be a less likely explanation.Furthermore, a decrease in lethality might also have been expected.A scrutiny of case fatality rates, however, showed no such decrease.The increases in incidence and mortality rates appeared to be real and were probably not due to an increasing tendency to seek hospital treatment or to make the diagnosis.The reason for the increase remains unknown.As regards treatment, the proportion of patients with treated and well controlled hypertension seems to have risen.'3Nevertheless, we do not know whether the prevalence of hypertension increased during the period.The use of beta-blockers increased considerably during the period.The effect of this on morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction is, however, low.'3 14 The effect of coronary bypass operations on the disease is probably negligible.'3It is also probable that the improvement, if any, in mortality rates due to the introduction of coronary care units occurred mainly before the period studied.As regards risk indicators, a favourable trend is reflected in the decline in the proportion of smokers in the Swedish population during the period according to surveys carried out by the National Smoking and Health Association.An unfavourable trend, however, is the increase in the proportion of fat in the diet of the population during the past four decades at least according to official statistics.In Sweden the years 1974-80 were characterised by social and economic instability which was unknown to Swedes, who are accustomed to the idea of almost total social security.According to Brenner socioeconomic factors contributed to changes in mortality from coronary heart disease.'15Possible neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying these associations are, however, largely unknown.Further research is needed into the trends of known risk factors of cardiovascular disease.
Endomyocardial Biopsy in Patients with Unexplained Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Leon C. Chow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To determine the incidence of myocarditis proved by biopsy findings in patients presenting with unexplained congestive heart failure.Retrospective review.General medical services of a Veterans Administration and university hospital.Ninety consecutive patients presenting with unexplained congestive heart failure who had endomyocardial biopsy as a part of their diagnostic evaluation.Classification of biopsy findings according to a recently proposed scheme for histologic diagnosis of myocarditis (Dallas criteria) showed myocarditis in only 4 of 90 (4.4%) patients (95% CI, 0.2 to 8.6), although two thirds of the patients had symptoms of congestive heart failure for less than 3 months.The incidence of myocarditis proved by endomyocardial biopsy findings is low in patients presenting with unexplained congestive heart failure and raises questions concerning the need for this procedure in this patient group.
Exaggerated triglyceride accretion in human preadipocyte-murine renal line hybrids composed of cells from massively obese subjects.
Authors: P E Le Blanc, D A Roncari, D I Hoar, A M Adachi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To learn about adipose differentiation of precursors from postnatal adipose tissue of lean and massively obese subjects, human omental adipocyte precursor-murine renal adenocarcinoma cell (RAG) hybrids were formed by fusion with polyethylene glycol, and cultured selectively with 50 microM ouabain in hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT) medium. Under conditions in which the parent cells did not differentiate, a number of hybrids, which were cloned, revealed morphologic and biochemical evidence of differentiation. In addition to activation of human genes within the common nucleus of the hybrids, murine cytoplasmic activators are probably also involved because heterocaryons (fused cells with two interspecific nuclei) revealed the same phenomenon. Hybrids composed of precursors from massively obese subjects disclosed more frequent and prominent differentiation. Since these hybrids, in contrast to those from the lean, recapitulate this phenomenon in subcultures, they provide the potential system for mapping the human gene(s) responsible for adipose differentiation and its exaggeration in massive obesity.
Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scintigraphy Before and After Potassium Perchlorate Administration for the Diagnosis of Retrosternal Goiter
Authors: MEHMET AYDIN, SALIH EMRI, BIRAY CANER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

From the Departments of Nuclear Medicine* and Chest Diseases,† Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey Received for publication June 17, 1999. Accepted October 1, 1999. Correspondence: Mehmet Aydin, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]
A 20-Year-Old Man With Back Pain and Lower Extremity Weakness
Authors: Mark R. Etherton, Martha R. Neagu, Derek H. Oakley, Matthew J. Koch, John H. Shin, Matthew P. Frosch, Aaron L. Berkowitz, Jorg Dietrich
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

A 20-year-old man presented with 1 week of low back pain and progressive lower extremity weakness. Results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated elevated total protein and a mildly elevated white blood cell count with lymphocytic predominance. Findings from imaging studies revealed a multifocal, heterogeneously enhancing, intramedullary lesion involving the cervicothoracic spinal cord and nodular enhancement of the cauda equina. The patient eventually underwent spinal surgery for tissue diagnosis. The differential diagnosis, pathologic findings, and diagnosis are discussed.
Evaluation of the CO2 rebreathing cardiac output method in seriously ill patients.
Authors: J A Franciosa
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The CO2 rebreathing cardiac output method is a totally noninvasive Fick procedure needing validation in various disease states to become clinically applicable. Simultaneous measurements of cardiac output by CO2 rebreathing and dye-dilution or direct Fick techniques were performed in 53 patients. In nine patients with pulmonary disease rebreathing cardiac output averaged 4.85 L/min compared to 5.18 L/min by dye-dilution or Fick (r = 0.16). In 14 instances of acute myocardial infarction cardiac output was 5.53 L/min by rebreathing and 5.87 L/min by dye-dilution (r = 0.95), while in nine shock cases it averaged 3.98 L/min by dye-dilution or Fick and 3.75 L/min by CO2 rebreathing (r = 0.94). In five heart failure cases with mitral insufficiency, which may distort dye durves, correlation between standard and rebreathing methods was r = 0.09, but in 16 cases without mitral regurgitation, r = 0.89. Acute interventions in ten patients increased dye-dilution cardiac output by 0.92 L/min and rebreathing outputs by 0.60 L/min (r = 0.87). The data suggest that the CO2 rebreathing cardiac output method may be useful in the CCU-MICU setting.
FIBRO-SARCOMA OF THE NECK WITH TEMPORARY OPHTHAEMOPEEGIA EXTERNA AND SYMPATHETIC PARALYSIS.Read before the Section of Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, at its Meeting in Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

J. F., aged 14, a student in the gymnasium of one of the theological schools in Milwaukee, a minister's son, German parentage, referred to me by Dr. D. J. Hayes, consulted me about a protrusion of the eyeball and double vision. The cervical lymphatics of the left side began to enlarge about eight months before and the swelling increased rapidly until at present it is the size of a large orange. There has been no particular pain or illness until a few days before, when Dr. Hayes was called to examine and prescribe for him on account of ill defined symptoms, among them headache and general malaise. The doctor kindly referred the case to me for treatment of the eye. The patient had been seeing double for several days and the eyes were observed to diverge since three days ago. Upon examination I found a large nodulated tumor of the
Value of bronchoalveolar lavage in lipidoses with pulmonary involvement
Authors: L Tabak, D Yilmazbayhan, Z Kilicaslan, C Tascioglu, M Agan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Adult lipid storage disorders with pulmonary involvement are rare and usually diagnosed at autopsy. We report a patient with splenomegaly and reticulonodular pattern on lung computed tomography. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and revealed the presence of lipid-containing foamy cells, with the demonstration of both periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and scharlach red stain positive vacuoles in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. The same cells were found in bone marrow biopsy. As in other rare disorders, bronchoalveolar lavage may be of diagnostic value in lipid storage disorders with pulmonary involvement.
Williams trait. Human kininogen deficiency with diminished levels of plasminogen proactivator and prekallikrein associated with abnormalities of the Hageman factor-dependent pathways.
Authors: R W Colman, A Bagdasarian, R C Talamo, C F Scott, M Seavey, J A Guimaraes, J V Pierce, A P Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

An asymptomatic woman (Ms. Williams) was found to have a severe abnormality in the surface-activated intrinsic coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kinin-generating pathways. Assays for known coagulation factors were nromal while Fletcher factor (pre-kallikrein) was 45%, insufficient to account for the observed markedly prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Plasminogen proactivator was present at 20% of normal levels and addition of highly purified plasminogen proactivator containing 10% plasminogen activator partially corrected the coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities but not the kinin-generating defect. This effect was due to its plasminogen activator content. In addition, Williams trait plasma failed to convert prekallilrein to lakkilrein or release kinin upon incubation with kaolin. Kininogen antigen was undetectable. When normal plasma was fractionated to identify the factor that corrects all the abnormalities in Williams trait plasma, the Williams factor was identified as a form of kininogen by its behavior on ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, disc gel electrophoresis, and elution from an anti-low molecular weight kininogen immunoadsorbent. High molecular weight kininogen as well as a subfraction of low molecular weight kininogen, possessed this corrective activity while the bulk of low molecular weight kininogen functioned only as a kallikrein substrate. Kininogen therefore is a critical factor required for the functioning of Hageman factor-dependent coagulation and fibrinolysis and for the activation of prekallikrein.
Effect of Transseptal Left Atrial Puncture upon Cardiac Output
Authors: PHILIP SAMET, WILLIAM H. BERNSTEIN, AARON MEDOW
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Comparisons of cardiac index, mean transit time, and "pulmonary" blood volume were made with indocyanine green dilution curves before and after transseptal left atrial puncture in 105 patients in sinus rhythm and 52 with atrial fibrillation. The results demonstrated that the steady state was not disturbed by transseptal left heart catheterization.
Varicose ulcers and use of topical corticosteroids.
Authors: G M Jesner
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MrEDICALJsON 621 body to the psittacosis group of organisms in titres of 1/1024 (3 October), 1/256 (12 October), and 1/64 (23 October).When the serological reports were received inquiry revealed that the patient had recently been in contact with budgerigars which were kept as domestic pets.The history, the clinical picture, and the serological and post-mortem findings seem to warrant a diagnosis of psittacosis with cardiac and pulmonary signs.The persistent nausea and retching have not yet been explained.When further necropsy reports are available and the results of virus isolation studies have been completed we intend to publish a more detailed account of this case.-Weare, etc.,