tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rabbit mononuclear leukocytes cause contraction of isolated aorta by the release of serotonin
Authors: J Hart-Favaloro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the vasoactive effects of rabbit isolated mononuclear leukocytes, and to identify the mediators responsible for those vasoactive effects. Methods: Mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) were isolated from New Zealand White rabbit whole blood, suspended at 5×107 cells/ml and incubated for 30 min at 37°C. This cell suspension, or the cell-free supernatant from this suspension, were then examined for vasoactive effects in rabbit isolated thoracic aorta. Results: Both the MNL suspension and the cell-free supernatant from this suspension caused endothelium-independent contraction of aortic rings, both from resting tension and when pre-contracted. The MNL suspension caused a significantly greater contraction than the MNL supernatant under all conditions. The contractions to the MNL product were significantly inhibited by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin (0.1 μM), but not by the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (10 μM). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the MNL supernatant contained serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) at an average concentration of 5 μM. Conclusions: We conclude that MNLs cause contraction of rabbit isolated aortic rings by the release of 5-HT.
Stereological methods for quantifying cell surface specializations in epithelia, including a concept for counting desmosomes and hemidesmosomes.
Authors: F.H. WHITE, T.M. MAYHEW, K. GOHARI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We present Stereological procedures for morphometric evaluation of intercellular junctions appearing in ultrathin sections of epithelia. A model representing desmosomes and hemidesmo somes as flat, circular discs differentiated within the plasma membrane of epithelial cells forms a basis for estimating number per unit volume of tissue or per unit area of cell surface. Methods for estimating relative surfaces are also provided. Consideration is given to problems of tissue sampling, varying feature size and finite section thickness. The procedures are improvements over earlier estimates of number per unit area of section or per unit length of membrane. Worked examples of calculations are included and methods are illustrated further by reference to quantitative studies of hamster cheek pouch epithelium during experimental carcinogenesis.
Severe mental illness and substance misuse
Authors: T. Weaver, A. Renton, G. Stimson, P. Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Evidence from the United States suggests that half of all patients with schizophrenia also have a substance misuse disorder.1 This comorbidity is associated with poor prognosis and heavy use of expensive inpatient care through recurrent “revolving door” admissions.2 The phenomenon has only recently been recognised in the United Kingdom, but one survey of psychotic patients in an inner London district found that 36% misused drugs or alcohol. The same survey observed inpatient admission rates among comorbid patients that were almost double those of patients with psychosis alone.3 This high prevalence, the problems of clinical management,4 and a continued rise in the general rate of drug misuse make comorbidity a major public health issue, and the Department of Health is currently inviting applications for research into the prevalence and pattern of comorbidity.

The term “dual diagnosis” is used increasingly in psychiatric practice to describe this combination of …
Prognosis for patients with congenital heart disease and postoperative intraventricular conduction defects.
Authors: E Krongrad
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Intraventricular conduction defects are common following repair of various forms of congenital heart disease. Such defects may affect adversely the long-term prognosis of patients in whom cardiac hemodynamics were adequately restored. Review of previously published studies suggests that the site of the conduction defect may be the reason for the different prognoses reported for patients from different institutions. The so-called "trifascicular block" pattern which sometimes occurs following open heart surgery is probably due to a more extensive lesion to the branching and penetrating parts of the His bundle rather than additional injury to the posterior left bundle branch fibers. Transient complete heart block in the immediate postoperative period seems to be a predictor for late development of complete heart block or sudden death at least as powerful as right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock.
The Fate of P32 Labelled Diisopropylfluorophosphonate in the Human Body and Its Use as a Labelling Agent in the Study Of The Turnover of Blood Plasma and Red Cells
Authors: J. A. Cohen, Mia G. P. J. Warringa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

pound in the human organism became obvious. In the present study the absorption, the distribution in the blood and the excretion of DFP have been studied after intramuscular injection of the radioactive labelled substance (DFP32) into three patients suffering from myasthenia gravis (two cases) and arteriosclerosis cerebri, respectively, and into two normal persons. There are no theoretical reasons why the metabolic fate of DFP should be different from normal in the patients studied. Indeed, no essential differences were observed between results obtained from the three patients and those from the normal persons. Therefore, all results to be described should be considered as applicable to the metabolism of DFP in the normal human organism. In the course of this work it became obvious that the phosphorus of DFP32 was irreversibly bound to the proteins of blood plasma and red cells and that DFP was exclusively broken down to diisopropylphosphate, a substance which is not further metabolised nor taken up into any normal metabolic pool. Such properties suggested that DFP32 might prove to be a useful tool in the study of the turnover of blood plasma proteins and red cells. Preliminary results of the use of DFP32 in the determination of the life span of red cells and the half life of a plasma protein will be included in this study.
Lucocytnclastic vasculilis in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Authors: J. Sanchez-Perez, J. Fernandez-Herrera, M. Sols, M. Jones, A. Garcia Diez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Lucocytnclastic vasculilis in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus Get access J. Sanchez‐Perez, J. Sanchez‐Perez Section de Dermatologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, madrid 28006, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Fernandez‐Herrera, J. Fernandez‐Herrera Section de Dermatologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, madrid 28006, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Sols, M. Sols Section de Dermatologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, madrid 28006, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Jones, M. Jones Section de Dermatologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, madrid 28006, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Garcia Diez A. Garcia Diez Section de Dermatologia, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, madrid 28006, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 4, 1 April 1993, Pages 469–470, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00219.x Published: 01 April 1993
Incidence, Treatment Costs, and Complications of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Among Women of Working Age: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Ying Xu, Janice N. Cormier, Sharon Giordano, Sheila H. Ridner, Thomas A. Buchholz, George H. Perkins, Linda S. Elting
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose This study estimated the economic burden of breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) among working-age women, the incidence of lymphedema, and associated risk factors. Methods We used claims data to study an incident cohort of breast cancer patients for the 2 years after the initiation of cancer treatment. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain factors associated with lymphedema. We compared the medical costs and rate of infections likely associated with lymphedema between a woman with BCRL and a matched control. We performed nonparametric bootstrapping to compare the unadjusted cost differences and estimated the adjusted cost differences in regression analysis. Results Approximately 10% of the 1,877 patients had claims indicating treatment of lymphedema. Predictors included treatment with full axillary node dissection (odds ratio [OR] = 6.3, P &lt; .001) and chemotherapy (OR = 1.6, P = .01). A geographic variation was observed; women who resided in the West were more likely to have lymphedema claims than those in the Northeast (OR = 2.05, P = .01). The matched cohort analysis demonstrated that the BCRL group had significantly higher medical costs ($14,877 to $23,167) and was twice as likely to have lymphangitis or cellulitis (OR = 2.02, P = .009). Outpatient care, especially mental health services, diagnostic imaging, and visits with moderate or high complexity, accounted for the majority of the difference. Conclusion Although the use of claims data may underestimate the true incidence of lymphedema, women with BCRL had a greater risk of infections and incurred higher medical costs. The substantial costs documented here suggest that further efforts should be made to elucidate reduction and prevention strategies for BCRL.
Brain drugs of the future
Authors: S. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (1998)

People have been using drugs to alter brain states since the dawn of time. But the use of specific drugs to combat specific brain problems is a hallmark of this century. In previous eras doctors reached for laudanum to combat hysteria, oblivious to the underlying neurochemistry. However, in Paris the famous neurologist Charcot purposely gave belladonna to patients with Parkinson's disease to combat the constant salivation that accompanies loss of motor control because women of the time who used the drug to dilate their pupils complained of a dry mouth. Surprisingly, this anticholinergic drug proved effective in combating not just the dribbling but the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.



Magnetic resonance scan of coronal section of brain in Parkinson's disease



Today we owe much to the work of Henry Dale and Otto Loewi, who established that chemicals act as transmitters to relay a signal from one neurone to the next.1 The guiding principle of modern neuropharmacology is to mimic, block, amplify, or reduce the availability of certain transmitters, believed to be pivotal to the disease to be treated. Yet herein lies the problem.

### Summary points

One transmitter may be linked to many disorders, and one disorder to many transmitters

Classic transmitters have non-classic modulatory functions too

Substances such as nitric oxide and acetylcholinesterase have unexpected signalling properties

Neurodegeneration might be an aberrant form of development, so drugs promoting neuronal regeneration should be approached with caution

Drugs in the future could be used as a Rosetta stone for linking brain and mind

There is no one to one matching of a single chemical system to a disease. Consider, for example, the well known transmitter dopamine. In Parkinson's disease there is a deficit of dopamine in the substantia nigra, hence prompting administration of the precursor and eventual mimicry of the effects of dopamine …
Insulin resistance and hypersecretion in obesity. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR).
Authors: E Ferrannini, A Natali, P Bell, P Cavallo-Perin, N Lalic, G Mingrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion are established features of obesity. Their prevalence, however, has only been inferred from plasma insulin concentrations. We measured insulin sensitivity (as the whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake) and fasting posthepatic insulin delivery rate (IDR) with the use of the euglycemic insulin clamp technique in a large group of obese subjects in the database of the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (1,146 nondiabetic, normotensive Caucasian men and women aged 18-85 yr, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 15 to 55 kg.m-2). Insulin resistance, defined as the lowest decile of insulin sensitivity in the lean subgroup (608 subjects with a mean BMI of 29 kg.m-2). Insulin sensitivity declined linearly with BMI at an age- and sex-adjusted rate of 1.2 micromol.min-1.kg FFM-1 per BMI unit (95% confidence intervals = 1.0-1.4). Insulin hypersecretion, defined as the upper decile of IDR, was significantly (P<0.0001) more prevalent (38%) than insulin resistance in the obese group. In the whole dataset, IDR rose as a function of both BMI and insulin resistance in a nonlinear fashion. Neither the waist circumference nor the waist-to-hip ratio, indices of body fat distribution, was related to insulin sensitivity after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI; both, however, were positively associated (P<0.001) with insulin hypersecretion, particularly in women. In nondiabetic, normotensive obese subjects, the prevalence of insulin resistance is relatively low, and is exceeded by the prevalence of insulin hypersecretion, particularly in women with central obesity. In the obese with preserved insulin sensitivity, risk for diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and response to treatment may be different than in insulin resistant obesity.
Medical Pharmacology at a Glance.
Authors: S. D Brain
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Medical Pharmacology at a Glance. Get access Susan D Brain Susan D Brain London, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 12, December 1992, Page 1227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.12.1227a Published: 01 December 1992
Effect of Varying Levels of Disease Management on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Edward F. Ellerbeck
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Cigarette smoking is a chronic, relapsing illness that is inadequately addressed in primary care practice.To compare cessation rates among smokers who receive pharmacotherapy alone or combined with either moderate- or high-intensity disease management that includes counseling and provider feedback.Randomized clinical trial from June 2004 to December 2007.50 rural primary care practices.750 persons who smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day.Pharmacotherapy alone (n = 250), pharmacotherapy supplemented with up to 2 counseling calls (moderate-intensity disease management) (n = 249), or pharmacotherapy supplemented with up to 6 counseling calls (high-intensity disease management) (n = 251). Interventions were offered every 6 months for 2 years. All participants were offered free pharmacotherapy. Moderate-intensity and high-intensity disease management recipients had postcounseling progress reports faxed to their physicians.Self-reported, point-prevalence smoking abstinence at 24 months (primary outcome) and overall (0 to 24 months) analyses of smoking abstinence, utilization of pharmacotherapy, and discussions about smoking with physicians (secondary outcomes). Research assistants who were blinded to treatment assignment conducted outcome assessments.Pharmacotherapy utilization was similar across treatment groups, with 473 of 741 (63.8%), 302 of 739 (40.9%), 175 of 732 (23.9%), and 179 of 726 (24.7%) participants requesting pharmacotherapy during the first, second, third, and fourth 6-month treatment cycles, respectively. Of participants who saw a physician during any given treatment cycle, 37.5% to 59.5% reported that they had discussed smoking cessation with their physician; this did not differ across the treatment groups. Abstinence rates increased throughout the study, and overall (0 to 24 months) analyses demonstrated higher abstinence among the high-intensity disease management group than the moderate-intensity disease management group (odds ratio [OR], 1.43 [95% CI, 1.00 to 2.03]) and among the combined disease management groups than the pharmacotherapy-alone group (OR, 1.47 [CI, 1.08 to 2.00]). Self-reported abstinence at 24 months was 68 of 244 (27.9%) and 56 of 238 (23.5%) participants in the high- and moderate-intensity disease management groups, respectively (OR, 1.33 [CI, 0.88 to 2.02]), and 56 of 244 (23.0%) participants in the pharmacotherapy-alone group (OR, 1.12 [CI, 0.78 to 1.61] for combined disease management vs. pharmacotherapy alone).The effect of pharmacotherapy management cannot be separated from the provision of free pharmacotherapy, and cessation was validated in only 58% of self-reported quitters.Smokers are willing to make repeated pharmacotherapy-assisted quit attempts, leading to progressively greater smoking abstinence. Although point-prevalence abstinence did not differ at 24 months, analyses that incorporated assessments across the full 24 months of treatment suggest that higher-intensity disease management is associated with increased abstinence.National Cancer Institute.
Ampicillin Compared to Other Antimicrobials in Acute Otitis Media
Authors: James W. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A clinical study was performed to compare the effectiveness of three currently employed antimicrobial regimens to each other and to that of ampicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Four hundred children with acute otitis media were treated by randomization with one of four therapeutic regimens: (1) oxytetracycline, (2) a single injection of procaine penicillin G and penicillin G benzathine plus orally administered sulfisoxazole, (3) phenoxymethyl penicillin potassium plus sufisoxazole, or (4) ampicillin for seven days. The relative effectiveness of each therapeutic regimen was judged in a double-blind manner. The therapeutic responses in the four different treatment groups were not significantly different; however, relapses were more common after oxytetracycline.
Cyclin E Both Regulates and Is Regulated by Calpain 2, a Protease Associated with Metastatic Breast Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Stephen J. Libertini, Brian S. Robinson, Navdeep K. Dhillon, Danielle Glick, Michael George, Satya Dandekar, Jeffrey P. Gregg, Earl Sawai, Maria Mudryj
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Overexpression of cyclin E in breast tumors is associated with a poor response to tamoxifen therapy, greater genomic instability, more aggressive behavior, and a poor clinical prognosis. These tumors also express low molecular weight isoforms of cyclin E that are associated with higher kinase activity and increased metastatic potential. In the current study, we show that cyclin E overexpression in MCF7 cells transactivates the expression of calpain 2, leading to proteolysis of cyclin E as well as several known calpain substrates including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), calpastatin, pp60src, and p53. In vivo inhibition of calpain activity in MCF7-cyclin E cells impedes cyclin E proteolysis, whereas in vivo induction of calpain activity promotes cyclin E proteolysis. An analysis of human breast tumors shows that high levels of cyclin E are coincident with the expression of the low molecular weight isoforms, high levels of calpain 2 protein, and proteolysis of FAK. Lastly, studies using a mouse model of metastasis reveal that highly metastatic tumors express proteolyzed cyclin E and FAK when compared to tumors with a low metastatic potential. Our results suggest that cyclin E-dependent deregulation of calpain may be pivotal in modifying multiple cellular processes that are instrumental in the etiology and progression of breast cancer.
Tyroid Crisis and the Law
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The case reported by Dr. Ficarra (<b>208</b>:695, 1969), raises several questions which were not answered by his comments. It is perfectly true that the possibility of a thyroid crisis is something which should not be neglected in every patient who has thyroid surgery. Its occurrence is exceedingly rare, however, when the patient has been properly prepared for surgery by the preoperative administration of iodine. It was not stated in the case history whether this patient had been prepared with iodine or not. It was apparent from the statement that cardiac massage was performed during the second operative procedure and that a cardiac arrest had occurred. This raises the possibility that the subsequent course after the operation and the patient's death were due to irreversible brain damage which took place during the period of cardiac arrest, rather than to a thyroid crisis. It is true that the
Handbook of Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: David A. Lacher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 November 1998Handbook of Interpretation of Diagnostic TestsDavid A. Lacher, MDDavid A. Lacher, MDAmerican College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Handbook of Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests; Wallach J. 564 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998. $26.95. ISBN 0781712211. Order phone 800-638-3030.Field of medicine: Laboratory medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical students, physicians, and other health care providers who interpret laboratory tests for diagnosis.Purpose: To provide basic information about common laboratory tests, offer guidance in the selection of appropriate tests for disease diagnosis, and provide differential diagnoses for abnormal laboratory results.Content: The book has four sections. The first contains a list of reference (normal) values for common laboratory tests and a list of “action” values for critical tests. The second ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 10Page: 840KeywordsAlgorithmsClinical laboratoriesLaboratory testsResearch laboratoriesSub-specialty careTherapeutic drug monitoringThyroid diseasesToxicologyTroponinUrine Issue Published: 15 November 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
ALLERGY: A NONSURGICAL DISEASE OF THE NOSE AND THROAT
Authors: GEORGE PINESS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The reaction of the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract produces a characteristic clinical picture in a certain definite group of persons who exhibit an abnormal sensitivity to protein substances. Such individuals are separated from the normal by the appellation allergic. As the work of Adkinson, 1 Cooke and Vander Veer 2 and Spain and Cooke 3 shows, heredity is an important factor in explaining the existence of such a group of individuals, which may be estimated as consisting of about 10 per cent, of the population, a group sufficiently large to merit recognition, for undoubtedly its members come under the almost daily observation of the practitioner who limits his field to the nose and throat. Its proper recognition is dependent on a knowledge of the manifestations of allergic phenomena.
1175 IL28B GENETIC VARIANTS AND HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION BY DIFFERENT VIRAL GENOTYPES
Authors: M. Romero-Gómez, M.A. Montes-Cano, J.R. García-Lozano, C. Abad-Molina, N. Barroso, M. Maraver, J. Aguilar-Reina, A. Núñnez-Roldán, M.F. González-Escribano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)