tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gastric body and antral pH: a 24 hour ambulatory study in healthy volunteers.
Authors: G McLauchlan, G M Fullarton, G P Crean, K E McColl
Journal: Gut (1989)

Simultaneous ambulatory records of gastric antral and body pH were made over 24 hours in nine healthy volunteers by means of endoscopically positioned and anchored glass electrodes. Intragastric pH was temporarily raised after the endoscopy with the median pH value 30 minutes after the procedure being 3.9 (range 1.5-7.0) for the antrum and 4.1 (range 1.5-7.0) for the body. Daytime pH (median pH value between 12 00 h and 23 00 h) was lower in the antrum (median = 1.9, range 1.6-2.6) than in the body (median = 2.7, range 1.8-4.5) (p less than 0.05) and this was because of the rise in pH on eating being less marked in the antrum than in the body. The median peak pH recorded during the evening meal was only 4.1 (range 2.4-6.2) in the antrum compared with 6.3 (range 4.4-6.7) in the body (p less than 0.01). Preprandial pH (median value over the hour prior to the evening meal) was similar in the antrum (median = 1.9, range 1.2-2.5) and body (median = 1.9, range 1.3-2.8). Night-time pH (median pH value between 23 00 h and 05 00 h) in six subjects remained low and was similar in the antrum (median = 1.4, range 1.2-1.7) and body (median = 1.3, range 1.1-1.7). In two subjects, however, there were episodes of raised night-time pH which were more marked in the antrum than in the body. Antral biopsies showed gastritis in four of the nine normal volunteers, which in three was associated with the presence of campylobacter-like organisms. This study shows the significant regional variations in day and night-time intragastric pH.
Can endoscopic papillary balloon dilation really preserve sphincter of Oddi function?
Authors: D L CARR-LOCKE
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 686 

The technique of endoscopic balloon dilation of the major duodenal papilla with extraction of bile duct stones was first reported in 19821 but an unacceptably high rate of acute pancreatitis following the procedure impeded its acceptance until further reports in 19942 and 19953 reported its safety. A number of randomised controlled trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in clearing the bile ducts of stones compared with endoscopic sphincterotomy4-8 with variable short term complication rates similar to sphincterotomy. Currently, this technique has not become popular worldwide, but for reasons that are not clear has been adopted much more readily in Japan and Korea than elsewhere.

Those who advocate this technique over sphincterotomy do so on the premise that: (1) it is less traumatic, (2) it is simpler to perform, (3) it is as effective, (4) it avoids the immediate complications, such as bleeding and perforation, (5) it is cheaper or at least equivalent cost, (6) it preserves sphincter of Oddi function, and (7) it avoids the long term complications.

Many of these apparent advantages have been questioned in terms of technical performance and short term outcome and now there is new evidence from the report by Yasuda et al in this issue of Gut 9 that the long term advantages may also be in doubt (see page 686).

The above selection criteria in favour of balloon dilation of the papilla …
Clinical Reproductive Neuroendocrinology
Authors: Richard M. Jordan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Clinical Reproductive Neuroendocrinologywill be a helpful book to all physicians involved with reproductive disorders. It not only contains much information useful for patient care, but also has a good deal to interest the basic scientist involved with research in reproduction.  The title of the book is, unfortunately, somewhat misleading. The text encompasses many more facets of reproductive endocrinology than are generally considered as areas of primary neuroendocrine study. For instance, primary hypogonadism causes gonadotropin levels to be elevated, although it is not usually thought of as a primary neuroendocrine problem. Thus, the reader might not realize the breadth of the material presented because of the presumed limited scope of the book implied by the title. A more accurate, but perhaps less appealing title might have been,Selected Topics in Reproductive Endocrinology With an Emphasis on Neuroendocrine Manifestations.  Two chapters in the book are especially good. Dr S. S. C.
Extracorporeal lithotripsy of pancreatic stones in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pain: a prospective follow up study.
Authors: T Sauerbruch, J Holl, M Sackmann, G Paumgartner
Journal: Gut (1992)

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of pancreatic duct stones (largest stone 12 (SD) 6 mm) was performed in 24 patients with abdominal pain and a dilated duct system (main pancreatic duct 10 (3) mm). The procedure was well tolerated in all but two patients, who had a mild pancreatitic attack immediately after lithotripsy. Disintegration of the stones was achieved in 21 patients. This allowed complete clearance of the duct system by an endoscopic approach in 10 (42%) patients and partial clearance in 7 (29%) patients. Within a mean follow up period of 24 (14) months half of the patients showed complete or considerable relief of pain and alleviation of symptoms was achieved in seven patients. Relief of pain occurred more often after complete ductal clearance. There were no fatalities within the follow up period. These findings underline the value of a combined non-surgical approach, using endoscopy and adjuvant shock wave lithotripsy to patients with large pancreatic calculi and pain attacks.
Psychosomatic Problems Surrounding Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Isao Fukunishi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Psychosomatic problems surrounding kidney transplantation were examined in 16 recipients. Either alexithymia or psychiatric disturbances were observed in 93.8% (15 cases) recipients. The incidence of psychiatric disturbances during pre- and posttransplant periods was 43.8% (7 cases) and 18.8% (3 cases), respectively; that of alexithymia was 31.3 and 6.3%. None of the 7 cases with psychiatric disturbances before transplant manifested any disturbances after transplant, whereas 3 of the 9 cases without psychiatric disturbances showed psychiatric disturbances after transplant. Most psychiatric disturbances after transplant were related to a depressive state. These results indicate that psychiatric symptoms before transplant are not associated with induction of posttransplant psychosis, suggesting that coping with depression due to postoperative rejection may be more important in the future.
Influence of lung maturity on bronchoalveolar fibrin deposition and clearance in lung injury syndromes.
Authors: M Andrew, L Berry
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Influence of lung maturity on bronchoalveolar fibrin deposition and clearance in lung injury syndromes.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 149(3), pp. 572–574
L-Asparaginase
Authors: C. M. Haskell, G. P. Canellos, B. G. Leventhal, P. P. Carbone, J. B. Block, A. A. Serpick, O. S. Selawry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (NSC-109229) was administered to 55 patients with neoplastic diseases. Two thirds of the patients received 200 IU per kilogram per day, but others received doses ranging from 50 to 2000 IU per kilogram per day. Responses were restricted to a patient with melanoma, four patients with lymphoma and 11 patients with leukemia. The complete remission rate was 26 per cent in patients with acute lymphatic leukemia, with a median remission duration of nine weeks. Most patients tolerated L-asparaginase; however, severe toxicity appeared in a variety of forms. Hypersensitivity occurred in 14 of the patients. Depression of clotting factors occurred in 16 of 20 evaluable patients, liver dysfunction in 33 of 35 evaluable patients, Central-nervous-system disturbances in 18 of 35 evaluable adults (but none of the children), pancreatitis in six patients, and renal failure in two patients.
The mechanistic basis for psoriasis immunopathogenesis: translating genotype to phenotype. Report of a workshop, Venice, 2012
Authors: H. Bachelez, M. Viguier, P.W. Tebbey, M. Lowes, M. Suárez-Fariñas, A. Costanzo, F.O. Nestle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

The International Psoriasis Council, a global nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing psoriasis research and treatment, led an initiative to better define the pathogenic mechanisms that constitute psoriasis. In September 2012, a workshop was held at the 42nd Annual European Society for Dermatological Research in Venice, Italy. By assembling a panel of global dermatology and immunology experts, the objective was to evaluate the current status of the science explaining the mechanism of disease in psoriasis, e.g. dysregulation of the skin immune system and perturbations of epidermal homeostasis. The workshop consisted of four oral presentations, which addressed key topics in psoriasis, delivered by Hervé Bachelez (Paris, France), Antonio Costanzo (Rome, Italy), Michelle Lowes (New York, NY, U.S.A.) and Frank Nestle (London, U.K.). A global expert panel was assembled to stimulate dialogue and debate: Kevin Cooper (Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.), Michel Gilliet (Lausanne, Switzerland), Joerg Prinz (Munich, Germany), Martin Röcken (Tubingen, Germany), Jens Schroeder (Kiel, Germany), Manuelle Viguier (Paris, France), Mayte Suárez-Fariñas (New York, NY, U.S.A.) and Cristina Zielinski (Berlin, Germany). Collectively, the presentations demonstrated the significant advances in understanding immune regulation that have occurred over the past decade by virtue of the study of psoriasis subtypes, phenotypic manifestations and genetic associations. Elucidating the pathogenic and genetic basis of psoriasis holds the promise of a complete understanding of disease mechanisms, predictors of treatment response, novel drug development strategies and customized therapeutic regimens for the individual patient.
Effect of music therapy and meditation along with conventional physiotherapy management in sub-acute stroke patients
Authors: Shaji John, G L Khanna, Priya Kotwal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the most common cause of disability in adults. The conventional approaches used for rehabilitation are Bobath, Brunstrom, Rood, etc and the physiotherapy measures that are often used include positioning, mat exercises, weight bearing, ice and pressure tapping. Music has been shown to enhance well-being, reduce pain, distract patients from unpleasant thoughts and symptoms and affect patients physiologically and psychologically. Meditation is a process of bringing about a state of self-awareness and inner calm and cause relaxation. These activities can improve self-esteem, happiness and day-to-day functioning in patients. Study design Pre- and postcontrol group design. Sample 60 subjects (38 males, 22 females) aged 50–70 years were allotted to three groups randomly. Method The outcome measures included Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Berg Balance Scale, Barthel ADL Index and Fatigue Severity Scale. The three groups underwent training for a period of 6 weeks. In addition to conventional management, group A listened to film and classical songs and group B underwent a meditation protocol. Group C served as the control. Results Disability, balance, fatigue and depression improved in group A by 12 (p&lt;0.05), 7.4 (p&lt;0.05), 6.4 (p&lt;0.05) and 5.6 (p&lt;0.01), respectively and in group B, improved by 6 (p&lt;0.05), 2.2 (p&lt;0.05), 3.2 (p&lt;0.05) and 5.2 (p&lt;0.01), respectively. Conclusion Music therapy and meditation are more beneficial than conventional physiotherapy management alone and music therapy is found to be the better among them.
REPORT ON THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF PENICILLIN: II. Systemic Administration
Authors: H. V. Morgan, R. V. Christie, I. A. Roxburgh
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Systemic treatment depends for its success upon the mainten- ance of an adequate concentration of penicillin in the blood stream.This may be achieved by either continuous drip transfusion or intermittent injection.Neither of these is wholly satisfactory.
Underprivileged areas and health care planning: implications of use of Jarman indicators of urban deprivation.
Authors: R J Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To analyse critically the use of the Jarman underprivileged area index in health care planning and distribution of resources.The original derivation of the score was examined and evidence to support criticisms of the use of underprivileged area scores examined.Discrepancies between areas classified as deprived according to the index and areas known to require government funding; the extent of the bias towards family practitioner areas in London; and how the results of using the Jarman index compared with those when another deprivation index based on different indicators was used.The use of electroal wards as geographical areas for which deprivation payments are made is unsatisfactory as the wards vary considerably in size. Of the 20 district health authorities with the highest underprivileged area scores in England, 12 were in London, and four of the six family practitioner committee areas with the highest scores were in London. No health authority or family practitioner committee area in the Northern region had one of the top 20 or 10 scores respectively. When an alternative deprivation index was used to determine the allocation of resources to doctors there was considerable variation compared with the Jarman index.The Jarman index underprivileged area score is an inappropriate measure to use for health care planning and distribution of resources. There is a need for a revised measure for allocating deprivation payments to general practitioners.
Consultant physician to outpatients.
Authors: J W Todd
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Analysis of the records of the last 450 outpatients referred to me showed that the basic disorder of at least one in three lay in the psyche, and there was a large emotional element in many of the others. None were put on a waiting list for admission. Not only should physicians be generalists most of the time (whether or not they have a special interest) but most medical problems are best dealt with by the GP. Only occasionally can the physician attach a precise diagnosis to a patient who has been an obscure problem to his GP, and the physician9s most important function is to reassure the patient and explain his symptoms. Routine investigations seldom benefit the patient. If there could be a more equitable distribution of GPs of high quality with good back-up facilities fewer general and many fewer specialist physicians would be needed.
Fractionated 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy after partial debulking versus surgical excision for nodular basal cell carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial with at least 5-year follow-up
Authors: Marieke H. Roozeboom, Martine A. Aardoom, Patty J. Nelemans, Monique R.T.M. Thissen, Nicole W.J. Kelleners-Smeets, Danielle I.M. Kuijpers, Klara Mosterd
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Adenovirus-Mediated Overexpression of REIC/Dkk-3 Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer Cells through Activation of c-Jun-NH2-Kinase
Authors: Fernando Abarzua, Masakiyo Sakaguchi, Mikiro Takaishi, Yasutomo Nasu, Kyouhei Kurose, Shin Ebara, Masahiro Miyazaki, Masayoshi Namba, Hiromi Kumon, Nam-ho Huh
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Alteration in genes which takes place during malignant conversion and progression could be potential targets for gene therapy. We previously identified REIC/Dkk-3 as a gene whose expression is reduced in many human cancers. Here, we showed that expression of REIC/Dkk-3 was consistently reduced in human prostate cancer tissues in a stage-dependent manner. Forced expression of REIC/Dkk-3 induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines lacking endogenous REIC/Dkk-3 expression but not in REIC/Dkk-3-proficient normal prostate epithelial and stromal cells. The apoptosis involved c-Jun-NH2-kinase activation, mitochondrial translocation of Bax, and reduction of Bcl-2. A single injection of an adenovirus vector carrying REIC/Dkk-3 showed a dramatic antitumor effect on a xenotransplanted human prostate cancer. Thus, REIC/Dkk-3 could be a novel target for gene-based therapy of prostate cancer.
Refining the Chemotherapy Approach for Older Patients With Colon Cancer
Authors: Nadine J. McCleary, Efrat Dotan, Ilene Browner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Population studies support an increased incidence of most cancers among older adults. Colorectal cancer has high prevalence in the aging population, with a median age of 69 years at diagnosis and 74 years at death. The vast majority of patients with colon cancer (CC) will require chemotherapy treatments during their disease course, challenging oncologists with the task of tailoring therapy for older patients with CC in the face of limited evidence-based data to guide them. Factors such as comorbidity, performance status, cognitive function, and social support may affect decision making and complicate tolerance of any recommended therapy. In recent years, attention to the specific needs of the aging population with cancer has given rise to the field of geriatric oncology in general, and has generated an increasing fund of knowledge on which to base chemotherapy delivery for this specific population of patients with CC. This article will review the available data specifically for chemotherapy management of older patients with CC in the postoperative and metastatic settings.
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents
Authors: Mark K. Chelmowski
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  The conclusion made by Deaconson et al 1 that sleep deprivation does not impair resident performance is not supported by their data. Mean scores were significantly worse in the sleep-deprived group ( P   Furthermore, the study design had three deficiencies that probably minimized the real degree of impairment caused by sleep deprivation. It has been shown that physician performance on psychometric tests shows decrements when less than 3 hours of sleep are obtained. 2 Previous studies have defined sleep deprivation as less than 2 or 3 hours of total sleep within a 24-hour period. 3,4 Deaconson et al, however, liberally defined it as less than 4 hours of uninterrupted sleep in a 24-hour period. As judged by the ranges reported in Table 1 of their article, one subject classified as
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE INGESTION OF BORACIC ACID AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SKIN,THE BORACIC ACID ERUPTION SO-CALLED.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilography, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: WM. T. CORLETT
Journal: JAMA (1890)

In November, 1889, my attention was called to a rash occurring in diphtheritic patients treated with large doses of boracic acid. Dr. Sihler, in whose practice the cases occurred, informed me that it appeared after adopting the boracic acid treatment; he had never before seen the rash in diphtheria. During the months of December, January and February following, I had the opportunity to follow five cases in the practice of the same physician. The onset, course and other clinical features of the rash appeared with marked uniformity. It made its appearance on the seventh or eighth day after the commencement of boracic acid. First on the forehead, neck and cheeks almost simultaneously; then it invaded the trunk and extremities in as many successive days. In its course it bore a close resemblance to rubeola. Nor was its course the only resemblance it bore to this disease; the rash itself in
Effect of estrogen on angiotensin receptors, matrix metalloproteinases, and left ventricular mass in a transgenic mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Edith Speir, Zu-Xl Yu, Kazuyo Takeda, Victor J. Ferrans, Mariappan Muthuchamy, Lameh Fananapazir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: Time for an Evidence-Based About-Face?
Authors: Victor M. Montori
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Some diabetes guidelines set low glycemic control goals for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (such as a hemoglobin A1c level as low as 6.5% to 7.0%) to avoid or delay complications. Our review and critique of recent large randomized trials in patients with type 2 diabetes suggest that tight glycemic control burdens patients with complex treatment programs, hypoglycemia, weight gain, and costs and offers uncertain benefits in return. We believe clinicians should prioritize supporting well-being and healthy lifestyles, preventive care, and cardiovascular risk reduction in these patients. Glycemic control efforts should individualize hemoglobin A1c targets so that those targets and the actions necessary to achieve them reflect patients' personal and clinical context and their informed values and preferences.
Female genital mutilation.
Authors: M Ladjali, T W Rattray, R J Walder
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Female genital mutilation, also misleadingly known as female circumcision, is usually performed on girls ranging in from 1 week to puberty. Immediate physical complications include severe pain, shock, infection, bleeding, acute urinary infection, tetanus, and death. Longterm problems include chronic pain, difficulties with micturition and menstruation, pelvic infection leading to infertility, and prolonged and obstructed labor during childbirth. An estimated 80 million girls and women have undergone female genital mutilation. In Britain alone an estimated 10,000 girls are currently at risk. Religious, cultural, medical, and moral grounds rationalize the custom which is practiced primarily in sub-Saharan Africa, the Arab world, Malaysia, Indonesia, and among migrant populations in Western countries. According to WHO it is correlated with poverty, illiteracy, and the low status of women. Women who escape mutilation are not sought in marriage. WHO, the UN Population Fund, the UN Children's Fund, the International Planned Parenthood Federation, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child have issued declarations on the eradication of female genital mutilation. In Britain, local authorities have intervened to prevent parents from mutilating their daughters. In 1984, the Inter-African Committee Against Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting Women and Children was established to work toward eliminating female genital mutilation and other damaging customs. National committees in 26 African countries coordinate projects run by local people using theater, dance, music, and storytelling for communication. In Australia, Canada, Europe, and the US women have organized to prevent the practice among vulnerable migrants and refugees.