tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advancing Neurotherapeutics in the 21st Century
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg, Jeffrey L. Saver
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mathematics of Hebbian attractors
Authors: Morris W. Hirsch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The concept of an attractor in a mathematical dynamical system is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the distinction between a cell assembly, the corresponding attractor, and the attractor dynamics. The biological significance of these entities is discussed, especially the question of whether the representation of the stimulus requires the full attractor dynamics, or merely the cell assembly as a set of reverberating neurons. Comparison is made to Freeman's study of dynamic patterns in olfaction.
Carboxyterminal peptide fragments of the beta subunit are urinary products of the metabolism of desialylated human choriogonadotropin.
Authors: S Amr, C Rosa, S Birken, R Canfield, B Nisula
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Previous investigations of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia have shown that their urines often contain carboxyterminal peptide (CTP) fragments of the choriogonadotropin (hCG) beta-subunit as well as forms of hCG deficient in sialic acid. In order to determine whether beta-CTP fragments are among the urinary products of the peripheral degradation of desialylated hCG (as-hCG), using a continuous infusion technique, we gave highly purified as-hCG to humans. Six healthy subjects were given a loading dose of 0.8 mg of as-hCG followed by an infusion of the same preparation. An overall mean infusion rate of 62.9 micrograms/min was maintained for 6 h, and the mean serum concentration of as-hCG achieved during the infusion was 72.1 ng/ml. In all six subjects, beta-CTP fragments were the predominant immunoreactive forms of as-hCG in urine obtained during the infusion. In contrast, the urine of subjects infused with hCG has been shown to contain hCG itself, but nil beta-CTP fragments or as-hCG. After the as-hCG infusion was stopped, the excretion of the beta-CTP fragments in urine declined rapidly. There were no beta-CTP fragments detectable in sera obtained during the infusion or in sera incubated with as-hCG at 37 degrees C. After incubation with as-hCG for 4 h, the urine of normal subjects contained small amounts of beta-CTP fragments; however, the apparent proteolytic activity was too low to account for either the quantity of beta-CTP fragments produced during the infusion or the extremely low levels of as-hCG in the urine. These data demonstrate the existence in humans of a peripheral metabolic pathway that cleaves beta-CTP fragments from as-hCG and allows their excretion in urine. Thus, the frequent presence of beta-CTP fragments in the urines of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia can be accounted for in part by the metabolism of the forms of hCG that bear an altered carbohydrate structure, which are prevalent in this disease.
Concanavalin A Reduces Liver Collagen Accumulation in Murine Schistosomiasis
Authors: Shizuko Takahashi, Michio Kobayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni develop hepatic fibrosis associated with enhanced collagen synthesis that out–paces induced collagenase activity. Administration of one dose of concanavalin A [Con A (200 jug)] by i.p. injection to mice at 5 or 6 weeks after infection with 50 S. mansoni cercariae decreased liver collagen content by 50% compared to levels in control–infected mice injected with either homologous immunoglobulin (200 jug) or phosphate–buffered saline; additional doses of Con A had no further effect. The decrease in collagen content could not be attributed to either decreased egg deposition in the liver or inhibition of liver collagen synthesis, but was coincident with a greater solubility of granulomas. Collagen contents of skin and tail were unaffected. The relative solubilities of liver collagen in 8 M urea: 10 vaM dithiothreitol were greater in treated animals as compared to controls. However, the amounts of collagen solubilized were similar in both sets of animals, since the total collagen content of treated mice was 50% of the controls. A possible explanation for these results is that much of the synthesized collagen does not accumulate in treated animals, whereas it does accumulate in controls. Peak collagenase and neutral protease activities occurred at 7 weeks postinfection in treated animals, and were 2–fold greater than in controls. Similar effects were observed when succinylated Con A was administered. The results suggest that Con A may modulate host–immune responses influencing fibrogenesis in hepatic murine schistosomiasis.
Gene Expression Preferentially Regulated by Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Cells and Correlations with Clinical Outcome
Authors: Jonna Frasor, Edmund C. Chang, Barry Komm, Chin-Yo Lin, Vinsensius B. Vega, Edison T. Liu, Lance D. Miller, Johanna Smeds, Jonas Bergh, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The beneficial effect of the selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer is assumed to be through its ability to antagonize the stimulatory actions of estrogen, although tamoxifen can also have some estrogen-like agonist effects. Here, we report that, in addition to these mixed agonist/antagonist actions, tamoxifen can also selectively regulate a unique set of &amp;gt;60 genes, which are minimally regulated by estradiol (E2) or raloxifene in ERα-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. This gene regulation by tamoxifen is mediated by ERα and reversed by E2 or ICI 182,780. Introduction of ERβ into MCF-7 cells reverses tamoxifen action on ∼75% of these genes. To examine whether these genes might serve as markers of tamoxifen sensitivity and/or the development of resistance, their expression level was examined in breast cancers of women who had received adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen. High expression of two of the tamoxifen-stimulated genes, YWHAZ/14-3-3z and LOC441453, was found to correlate significantly with disease recurrence following tamoxifen treatment in women with ER-positive cancers and hence seem to be markers of a poor prognosis. Our data indicate a new dimension in tamoxifen action, involving gene expression regulation that is tamoxifen preferential, and identify genes that might serve as markers of tumor responsiveness or resistance to tamoxifen therapy. This may have a potential effect on the choice of tamoxifen versus aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant endocrine therapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7334-40)
Employer Drug Benefit Plans and Spending on Prescription Drugs
Authors: Geoffrey F. Joyce
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextWith drug spending rising rapidly for working-aged adults, many employers and health insurance providers have changed benefits packages to encourage use of fewer or less expensive drugs. It is unknown how these initiatives affect drug costs.ObjectiveTo examine how innovations in benefits packages, such as those that include multitier formularies and mandatory generic substitution, affect total cost to insurance providers for generic and brand drugs and out-of-pocket payments to beneficiaries.Design and ParticipantsRetrospective study from 1997 to 1999 linking claims data of 420 786 primary beneficiaries aged 18 through 64 years who worked at large firms (n = 25) with health insurance benefits that included outpatient drugs.Main Outcome MeasuresOverall drug costs; generic, single-source brand, and multisource brand costs; and drug expenditures by health insurance providers and out-of-pocket costs for beneficiaries.ResultsFor a 1-tier plan with a $5 co-payment for all drugs, the average annual spending was $725 per member. Doubling co-payments to $10 for all drugs reduced the annual average drug cost from $725 to $563 per member (22.3%, P&lt;.001). Doubling co-payments in a 2-tier plan from $5 for generics and $10 for brand drugs to $10 for generics and $20 for brand drugs reduced costs from $678 to $455 (32.9%, P&lt;.001). Adding an additional co-payment of $30 for nonpreferred brand drugs to a 2-tier plan ($10 generics; $20 brand) lowered overall drug spending by 4% (P&lt;.001). Requiring mandatory generic substitution in a 2-tier plan reduced drug spending by 8% (P&lt;.001). Doubling co-payments in a 2-tier plan increased the fraction beneficiaries' paid out-of-pocket from 17.6% to 25.6%.ConclusionsAdding an additional level of co-payment, increasing existing co-payments or coinsurance rates, and requiring mandatory generic substitution all reduced plan payments and overall drug spending among working-age enrollees with employer-provided drug coverage. The reduction in drug spending largely benefited health insurance plans because the percentage of drug expenses beneficiaries paid out-of-pocket rose significantly.
Premature Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood
Authors: Joel J. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>Premature Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood</i>, edited by Dr McAnarney, is a valuable and substantive contribution to an important topic. It is a book especially useful for health professionals who wish to provide and to be knowledgeable about comprehensive health services for adolescents. The book brings together a large number of scholars and the extensive information provided is useful. It should be valuable to both the administrator of a program for adolescents and to the physician providing actual services. The work is divided into six parts: "Epidemiology," "Prevention," "Biology," "Psychosocial," "Interventions" and a "Summary of the Last Decade." There are 21 chapters written by 34 authors. There are subject and author indices, the latter a valuable listing by author of the referenced studies in all articles. Each chapter is well organized and well referenced and in every case reads like an individual essay. Obviously, each chapter should be read individually, which
The Medical Care of Women
Authors: Charlea T. Massion
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Women's Health The foreword hails<i>The Medical Care of Women</i>, by Carr, Freund, and Somani, as "the first full textbook on women's health [bringing] together topics important to women's health and health care, but not usually found under one cover." However, this is not the first full textbook on women's health, and although many topics are covered, the "body language" of the book betrays a noticeably traditional approach to women's health, ie, a hodgepodge of specialty topics focusing on the usual female body parts and reproductive medicine. For example, after a brief initial section on preventive medicine, over 400 pages are devoted to diseases of the gynecologic organs, breast disease, reproductive issues, and medical problems in pregnancy. And while this information is very useful, cardiovascular diseases, the major source of morbidity and mortality in women, rate only 30 pages. The color plate section also displays a traditional perspective: immediately after
Lipoteichoic acid downregulates FcεRI expression on human mast cells through Toll-like receptor 2
Authors: Mino Yoshioka, Nobuyuki Fukuishi, Sayuri Iriguchi, Kanae Ohsaki, Hiroyuki Yamanobe, Asumi Inukai, Daisuke Kurihara, Naoki Imajo, Yumiko Yasui, Nobuaki Matsui, Tadayuki Tsujita, Akihiro Ishii, Tsukasa Seya, Makoto Takahama, Masaaki Akagi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Effect of nebulised aerosol size on lung deposition in patients with mild asthma.
Authors: M M Clay, S W Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1987)

A radioaerosol technique has been used to investigate whether the size distribution of aerosols released from a jet nebuliser affects the amount of aerosol delivered to the lungs. Six subjects with mild asthma (FEV1 81% of predicted) were studied on three occasions. On each visit they received one of three aerosols tagged with technetium-99m in 0.9% saline. The aerosols were generated by either (A) a Turret nebuliser operated at 8 l min-1 (mass median diameter (MMD) 1.8 micron); (B) an Upmist nebuliser operated at 6 l min-1 (MMD 4.6 microns); or (C) an Inspiron Mini-neb operated at 4 l min-1 (MMD 10.3 microns). The aerosols were given in a randomised single blind manner and inhaled under identical conditions of inspiratory volume and frequency. The mean (SD) percentage of aerosols A, B, C released from the nebulisers during inhalation that was recovered in an expiratory filter was 23 (6), 25 (4), and 24 (4) respectively. Of the aerosols released from the nebuliser and deposited in the body, the percentage deposited in the lung was 79 (3) for aerosol A, 59 (4) for aerosol B, and 44 (5) for aerosol C. The remaining aerosol was deposited in the oropharynx and swallowed. It is concluded that small nebulised aerosols (MMD less than 2 microns) deliver a larger dose to the lungs and should be used to maximise lung deposition.
Epicardial mapping of ventricular defibrillation with monophasic and biphasic shocks in dogs.
Authors: X Zhou, J P Daubert, P D Wolf, W M Smith, R E Ideker
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To study the mechanism of defibrillation and the reason for the increased defibrillation efficacy of biphasic waveforms, the potential gradient in a 32 x 30-mm region of the right ventricle in 15 dogs was progressively lowered in four steps while a strong potential gradient field was maintained throughout the rest of the ventricular myocardium. The volume of right ventricle beneath the plaque was 10 +/- 2% of the total ventricular mass. A 10-msec monophasic (eight dogs) or 5/5-msec biphasic (seven dogs) truncated exponential shock 30% above the defibrillation threshold voltage was given via electrodes on the left ventricular apex and right atrium to create the strong potential gradient field. Simultaneously, a weaker shock with the same waveform but opposite polarity was given via mesh electrodes on either side of the small right ventricular region to cancel part of the potential difference in the region and to create one of the four levels of potential gradient fields. Shock potentials and activations were recorded from 117 epicardial electrodes in the small region, and in one dog global epicardial activations and potentials were recorded from a sock containing 72 electrodes. Each gradient field was tested 10 times for successful defibrillation after 10 seconds of electrically induced fibrillation. For both monophasic and biphasic shocks, the percentage of successful defibrillation attempts decreased (p &lt; 0.05) as the potential gradient decreased in the small region. Defibrillation was successful approximately 80% of the time for a mean +/- SD potential gradient of 5.4 +/- 0.8 V/cm for monophasic shocks and 2.7 +/- 0.3 V/cm for biphasic shocks (p &lt; 0.05). No postshock activation fronts arose from the small region for eight waveform when the gradient was more than 5 V/cm. For both waveforms, the postshock activation fronts after the shocks were markedly different from those just before the shock and exhibited either a focal origin or unidirectional conduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
PURPURA FULMINANS FOLLOWING A MILD CASE OF SCARLET FEVER
Authors: T. A. Pratt, H. W. O. Frew
Journal: BMJ (1929)

late-r research?usinig imiproved nmethods., obtainod nio more than 30 PKr cent. of p)ositive cultures by that time.Loeser' investigated the problemii still mor-e toioLuglilly, finidinig the uiterus sterile imnmediately after-delivery, but gradually beconling inficted so that 25 per ceint. of all cervical cultur-es were positive ont the firist day, 50 per vent.0ol thie secondti (lay, ndl 100 per cent.on the< thlilrt (lay of thle lUerperiumn, infectioni of the funduts uteri follow;Ving Ialter, r1eachling its height by the fiftlh day and afterI;ard diminxlishling.Tllis w&is confirlie(l by thle stiuld we (oll(li(-te(l at freqtuent iiitcrvals during teni dlays of a trial grolIj) of 12 cases.We founid the uter us to be invaded -lmnost at ol0e, positive culltures beiing obtainied in somne eatses within five to six hours of delivery; infection increased uiintil tile tliid day, persisted unichlanged oil diminiiished sligltly by the fiftlh day, and had almost disappeared by the eighth dlay.This progressive invasion, culminatinig at the tllird tt) the fifth day, affords a ready exp)lanation of the observed delav in the developmenit of psierperal pyrexia until thlis time.In one-third of a series of 74 febrile cases aiialysed by us,7 a rise of temperature occuirred on the thlird day, and in two-thirds fromi the second to tlhe fouritlh day inclusive.
Composite Aortic Valve Graft Replacement
Authors: Maninder S. Kalkat, Maria-Benedicta Edwards, Keith M. Taylor, Robert S. Bonser
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Composite aortic valve and root replacement (CVG) is a complex surgical procedure, but excellent center-specific outcomes are reported. We sought to report outcomes in a national cohort. Methods and Results— The United Kingdom Heart Valve Registry was interrogated for 1962 first-time CVG (and 37 102 aortic valve replacements [AVR] as a reference group) procedures from 1986 to 2004. We analyzed 30-day mortality, long-term survival (97.2% complete follow-up), and examined available risk factors for mortality using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and causes of death. CVG patients were younger, received larger valve sizes and were more likely to be emergent than AVR patients. Overall 30-day mortality was 10.7% (CVG) and 3.6% (AVR). For CVG, multivariate analysis identified advanced age (&gt;70 years), concomitant coronary artery surgery, impaired left ventricular function, urgent or emergency status, prosthetic valve size ≤23 mm and hospital activity volume ≤8 procedures per annum as significant factors for 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier, 1-year, 5-year, 10-year and 20-year survival were 85.2%, 77.1%, 70% and 59.3%, respectively. The conditional (post–30-day) survival was similar to the AVR cohort. Conclusions— These Registry data provide a unique national insight into CVG outcomes. After a higher initial mortality risk, CVG has equivalent conditional longer-term survival to AVR.
Isolated Anomalous Connection of a Great Vein to the Left Atrium
Authors: W. R. MEADOWS, INGEMAR BERGSTRAND, J. T. SHARP
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A case is reported of isolated anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium, the second in the literature and the first with catheterization data and dyedilution curves. The anomaly is reflected by a well-defined clinical syndrome, is compatible with full cardiac competence at least until middle life, and should be relatively simple to correct surgically.
XLN306 induces apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MX-1 cells
Authors: Jing Jin, Li-na Zhu, Hai-jing Zhang, Yan Li, Yi Zhang, Wan-qi Zhou, Bai-ling Xu, Xiao-guang Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

XLN306 is a novel synthetic quinazoline derivative with potentially useful anticancer activity. In previous research, we showed that XLN306 is highly cytotoxic to many tumor cell lines. This paper reports an investigation of this cytotoxicity in a number of human carcinoma cell lines. The results show that human breast carcinoma MX-1 cells are extremely sensitive to XLN306 and that the cytotoxicity is due to dose- and time-dependent apoptosis as confirmed by DAPI stain and DNA fragmentation analysis. Both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are involved in the apoptosis process. The findings indicate that XLN306 has apoptotic induction activity and may be useful for the management of various cancers, especially breast carcinoma.
First trimester fetal reduction: its role in the management of twin and higher order multiple pregnancies
Authors: Bruno Brambati, Lucia Tului
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article First trimester fetal reduction: its role in the management of twin and higher order multiple pregnancies Get access Bruno Brambati, Bruno Brambati 1 First Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology ‘L.Mangiagalli’, University of Milan, and Reproductive Medicine CentreMilan, Italy 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Via Vasari 12, 20135 Milano, Italy, Fax: 39-2-5519 0379 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lucia Tului Lucia Tului First Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology ‘L.Mangiagalli’, University of Milan, and Reproductive Medicine CentreMilan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1995, Pages 397–408, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.4.397 Published: 01 July 1995
Expression cloning and characterization of a novel adipocyte long chain fatty acid transport protein Schaffer JE, Lodish HF. Cell 1994; 79: 427?436
Authors: Decherd Stump, Richard A. Weisiger, Paul D. Berk
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are an important energy substrate used by cardiac myocytes and other cells, but the mechanism whereby these molecules cross the plasma membrane is poorly understood. We used an expression cloning strategy and a cDNA library from 3T3-L1 adipocytes to identify a cDNA that, when expressed in cultured cells, augments uptake of LCFAs. This cDNA encodes a novel 646 amino acid fatty acid transport protein (FATP) with six predicted membrane spanning regions and that is integrally associated with membranes. Immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes show that FATP is localized to the plasma membrane. We propose that FATP is a plasma membrane transporter for LCFAs.
Pelvic Fractures with Hemorrhage
Authors: William C. Quinby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A recent paper from Denver1 examines the unsolved problem of pelvic fractures and their attendant vigorous hemorrhage. In the older literature ligation of the hypogastric arteries was advocated to control bleeding from pelvic viscera. The maneuver was borrowed from the gynecologists, perhaps in desperation, by trauma surgeons faced with uncontrollable hemorrhage from the area of fractured pelvic bones, pelvic-wall musculature and extensive pelvic venous plexuses. The reports of treatment by arterial ligation remain inconclusive about whether success or failure came because of or in spite of such ligations.In an editorial comment, Ravitch2 took issue with those who advocate the . . .