tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute leukemia and infections: Perspectives from a general hospital
Authors: Lodovico Balducci, John C. Halbrook, Stanley W. Chapman, Ralph B. Vance, J. Tate Thigpen, Francis S. Morrison
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

The incidence and etiology of infections in 210 acute leukemics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center between 1962 and 1978 were reviewed. Infections episodes occurred 269 times in 148 patients. In 193 infections, potential pathogens were cultured. Infection was a contributing cause of death in 89 patients. E. Coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa accounted for 58% of the isolates. No unusual patterns of antimicrobial resistance were observed. The outcome of the infections was related to the absence or resolution of neutropenia. Among 48 patients febrile on first admission, four cases of gram-negative pneumonia, two cases of fungal pneumonia, and two cases of pseudomonas cellulitis were diagnosed. We conclude that the etiology of infections was similar to that of cancer centers; multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms were not prevalent; absence or resolution of neutropenia indicates a good prognosis for outcome of infection; and untreated acute leukemics may acquire opportunistic infections.
MITOCHONDRIAL CHANGES INDUCED BY POTASSIUM AND SODIUM IN THE DUODENAL ABSORPTIVE CELL AS STUDIED WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Jules M. Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Duodenal absorptive cells from animals fed large amounts of sodium or potassium contain many mitochondria with internal granules. Many mitochondrial granules are also present in cells which transport large amounts of cation. The hypothesis is advanced that the mitochondrial granule represents cation segregated within the mitochondrion. A mechanism is suggested for the segregation of excessive intracellular potassium, and for the transport of cations across cells.
EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS
Authors: V. Korenchevsky
Journal: BMJ (1921)

delivered normally.You will be impressed with the seriousness of the condition when I tell you that the maethods practised in three of her deliveries by skilled 'bstetricians consisted of craniotomy, induction, and, last it all, Caesarean section.In the one confinement in which attended her I was able, fortunately, to deliver her by more natural means, having diagnosed the state of inertia ,:'when first she sought my advice in the last month of 'gestation.I have just said that typical uncomplicated primary uterine inertia is due to the insufficiency of pressor sub- stances in the blood.We do not know the biochemical 'xnechanism that precipitates labour, but we do know that 'the rhythmical uterine contractions are stimulated by p)ressor bodies; consequently we should be able easily to discover the future possibility of primarv uterine inertia 'before the onset of labour, and without difficulty to prevent this abnormal occurrence.As a matter of fact this is possible, if the patient be pxamined during the last two or three weeks of gestation.NIormally, at this period the uterus is very sensitive and the muscle contracts readily on simple stimulation, sucll
Chronic Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: F. A. H. Simmonds, W. Pagel
Journal: BMJ (1938)

On the eleventh day after admission the fits ceased, but the child was now very weak and continued to vomit occasionally.By careful feeding the general condition improved and the infant gained weight, reaching 5 lb.i0 oz., but on the twentyfirst day after admission continuous fits occurred for two hours, resulting in a loss of 10 oz. in the following week.During the quiet period the stools had been normal, but after the second series of fits they became green and offensive again.Following this the fits and vomiting ceased completely, and after an interval of a week weight was gained rapidly.Repeated examination failed to reveal any pathological con- dition.It was noticed at this time that the overmoulding of the skull bones was not quite so marked as at first, and a very small anterior fontanelle could be felt.Also the child made no attempt to grip anything, and paid no attention to the feeding-bottle.Examination revealed that it was blind. CommentaryNo muscular paresis or cutaneous sensory loss had become evident throughout the course of the illness, and in view of the nature and frequency of the fits I came to the conclusion that they were directly due to the per- sistent overmoulding of the skull bones causing pressure on the brain when physiological increase of the cerebro- spinal fluid occurred.The points on which I base my diagnosis are that the fits were of an unusual nature and that they appeared to be due to a depression of vital centres in the brain rather than to irritation or reaction caused by toxic products of any pathological condition.Although the stools were green during the first series of fits and a gastro-intestinal condition might be inferred from this, there was no rise in the temperature and none of the usual signs of toxaemia.Also the stools were
MUTATION AMONG HOG-CHOLERA BACILLI
Authors: Marion L. Orcutt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. In the hog-cholera group the mutation from smooth (A) to granular (B) type occurs and a mutant with a moist, opaque colony formation was noted. 2. The B mutant when obtained pure remains a B type without reversion in the stock cultures. 3. The B mutant can be made to assume some of the A characters by rapid successive transplanting in bouillon. 4. The B mutant can usually be found in older transplants of A. 5. The two types may be distinguished by certain cultural characters, by slightly different agglutination reactions, and by different degrees of virulence.
A 70-Year-Old Woman With Shingles
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Herpes zoster is a common late complication of varicella-zoster virus exposure and can be further complicated by postherpetic neuralgia. Ms A is a 70-year-old woman with shingles and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome who presented to the emergency department with a few days of earache followed by pain in the back of her head. Using her case as a springboard, the diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in immunocompetent older adults are reviewed, in addition to the effectiveness of the herpes zoster vaccine.
Inhibition by Diacylmethane Derivatives of Mutagenicity and Nucleic Acid Binding of 2-Aminofluorene Derivatives
Authors: C. Y. Wang, M.-S. Lee, H. Nagase, K. Zukowski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The active methylene compounds acetylacetone, 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone, benzoylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, and 1,3-indandione inhibited the mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typhimurium. They also inhibited the N,O-acetyltransferase-catalyzed transfer RNA binding of N-hydroxy-2-ace-tylaminofluorene, but they did not inhibit N,O-acetyltransferase. However, only 1,3-indandione and 1,1, 1-trifluo-roacetylacetone significantly inhibited the binding of N-acetoxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene to transfer RNA. Reaction of the trifluoro compound with the acetoxy compound yielded 1-(N-2-fluorenylacetamido)acetone. These results demonstrate that active methylene compounds can inhibit mutagenicity and nucleic acid binding of chemical carcinogens. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 1743–1747, 1989]
Intra-articular drug delivery from an optimized topical patch containing teriflunomide and lornoxicam for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Does the topical patch really enhance a local treatment?
Authors: Honglei Xi, Dongmei Cun, Rongwu Xiang, Yanli Guan, Yuxiu Zhang, Yuanru Li, Liang Fang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Why transition from alternation to randomisation in clinical trials was made
Authors: I. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—It is time to put the record straight about ways of controlling selection bias when generating comparison groups in clinical trials. D'Arcy Hart has done history a great service by noting that Bradford Hill's motivation for replacing alternation with randomisation was “to better conceal the allocation schedule.”1 This is what Guy Scadding (who, with D'Arcy Hart, is the other surviving member of the team who designed the streptomycin trial) told Mike Clarke and me when we visited him on 10 June 1999, and what Bradford Hill told William Silverman and me when we visited him on 3 April 1982.

Bradford Hill's motivation for concentrating on the concealment of …
Data From ACS NSQIP on CRS-HIPEC
Authors: Amanda K. Arrington, Joseph Kim
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Elevated Plasma Endothelin-1 and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Children Exposed to Air Pollution
Authors: Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Renaud Vincent, Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño, Maricela Franco-Lira, Carlos Henríquez-Roldán, Gerardo Barragán-Mejía, Luis Garrido-García, Laura Camacho-Reyes, Gildardo Valencia-Salazar, Rogelio Paredes, Lina Romero, Hector Osnaya, Rafael Villarreal-Calderón, Ricardo Torres-Jardón, Milan J. Hazucha, William Reed
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Controlled exposures of animals and humans to particulate matter (PM) or ozone air pollution cause an increase in plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor that regulates pulmonary arterial pressure.The primary objective of this field study was to determine whether Mexico City children, who are chronically exposed to levels of PM and O(3) that exceed the United States air quality standards, have elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary arterial pressures.We conducted a study of 81 children, 7.9 +/- 1.3 years of age, lifelong residents of either northeast (n = 19) or southwest (n = 40) Mexico City or Polotitlán (n = 22), a control city with PM and O(3) levels below the U.S. air quality standards. Clinical histories, physical examinations, and complete blood counts were done. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were determined by immunoassay, and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured by Doppler echocardiography.Mexico City children had higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations compared with controls (p < 0.001). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was elevated in children from both northeast (p < 0.001) and southwest (p < 0.05) Mexico City compared with controls. Endothelin-1 levels in Mexico City children were positively correlated with daily outdoor hours (p = 0.012), and 7-day cumulative levels of PM air pollution < 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5)) before endothelin-1 measurement (p = 0.03).Chronic exposure of children to PM(2.5) is associated with increased levels of circulating endothelin-1 and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure.
Cardiac Resuscitation Following Experimental Arrest by Procaine and Ether
Authors: MARTIN L. RYAN, RICHARD A. SALVADOR, CHESTER W. WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A method of producing experimental cardiac arrest is described, and the characteristics of arrest are reported. The efficacy of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine and acetyl strophanthidin is compared in the resuscitation of hearts stopped by this method.
Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Elderly
Authors: Donald J. Murphy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly and to define characteristics of elderly patients for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation is effective. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Five Boston health-care institutions: two acute-care hospitals; two chronic-care hospitals; and one long-term-care institution. Patients: Five hundred and three consecutive patients aged 70 and over who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Measurements and Main Results: Of 503 patients, 112 (22%) survived initially but only 19 (3.8%) survived to hospital discharge. The poorest outcomes were for patients with unwitnessed arrests (1 of 116 survived), terminal arrhythmias such as asystole and electromechanical dissociation (1 of 237 survived), and patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation lasting more than 15 minutes (1 of 360 survived). Only 2 (0.8%; CI, 0.0% to 2.0%) of 244 patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrests left the hospital alive. Of 259 patients with in-hospital arrests, 17 (6.5%; CI, 3.4% to 9.6%) survived to discharge. Most survivors had ventricular arrhythmias and were resuscitated within minutes. Initial survivors with either impaired consciousness or functional impairment after the arrest had significantly worse chances of survival than patients without these impairments Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is rarely effective for elderly patients with cardiopulmonary arrests that are either out-of-hospital, unwitnessed, or associated with asystole or electromechanical dissociation.
Abstract 2067: BMN 673 potentiates efficacy of temozolomide in sensitive and resistant glioblastoma models.
Authors: Sani H. Kizilbash, Ryo Kawashima, Shiv Gupta, Ann C. Mladek, Yuqiao Shen, Jann N. Sarkaria
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in several DNA repair processes, and previous studies with various PARP inhibitors have demonstrated robust enhancement of sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in pre-clinical models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The focus of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effects of a novel PARP inhibitor, BMN 673, as a single agent and in combination with TMZ in the established U251 glioma cell line, neurosphere cultures from the primary Mayo GBM xenograft line GBM12, and TMZ-resistant cells derived from either line (U251TMZ, GBM12TMZ(MGMT high) and GBM12TMZ(MGMT low)). In a biochemical assay of PARP inhibition, BMN 673 potently suppressed poly-ADP-ribosylation of cellular proteins at concentrations of 3 nM following hydrogen peroxide treatment of U251 cells. Single agent treatment had modest anti-tumor activity with 30 nM BMN 673 reducing absorbance in a CyQUANT cell proliferation assay relative to control treatment in both U251 and U251TMZ cells (Table 1). BMN 673 co-treatment also enhanced the efficacy of TMZ in both U251-derivative lines at a clinically relevant concentration of TMZ. Similarly, treatment with BMN673 alone or in combination with TMZ inhibited primary neurosphere formation in all three GBM12 models. Notably, the addition BMN 673 clearly re-sensitized both resistant GBM12 sub-lines to relatively low concentrations of TMZ. Consistent with a mechanism involving disruption of DNA repair, combined treatment with BMN 673 and TMZ resulted in robust activation of ATM-mediated KAP1 phosphorylation (Ser824) and ATR-mediated Chk1 phosphorylation (Ser345) as compared to TMZ or BMN 673 alone 24 hours after treatment. In conclusion, BMN673 is a promising PARP inhibitor with high potency and cytotoxicity in vitro against both TMZ sensitive and TMZ resistant GBM cells. Table 1 - In vitro antitumor effects of TMZ combined with BMN673 TMZ, microM 0 nM BMN673 30 nM BMN673 CyQUANT U251 Relative absorbance Relative absorbance 0 1.00 0.58 30 0.80 0.30 U251TMZ 0 1.00 0.69 30 1.02 0.21 Primary Neurosphere Assay GBM12 Relative Count Relative Count 0 1.00 0.66 5 0.32 0 10 0.01 0 GBM12TMZ (MGMT high) 0 1.00 0.32 5 1.11 0.02 10 1.04 0.01 GBM12TMZ (MGMT low) 0 1.00 0.25 5 0.86 0.03 10 0.75 0 Citation Format: Sani H. Kizilbash, Ryo Kawashima, Shiv Gupta, Ann C. Mladek, Yuqiao Shen, Jann N. Sarkaria. BMN 673 potentiates efficacy of temozolomide in sensitive and resistant glioblastoma models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2067. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2067
Closure of Colostomies
Authors: Philip S. Foisie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE abdominal cavity, on account of its size and central location, offers a conspicuous target for pieces of flying shell fragments, so that it is not surprising that every trainload of recently wounded patients arriving at an Army general hospital includes a fair number with abdominal injuries. Those that we have received were in fair condition on admission. In a few cases, the wound had been closed when exploration revealed no perforation of the bowel. In some, large hematomas had been found or other nonintestinal injuries had been repaired, but in the largest group of cases there was a history . . .
New Diphtheria Prophylactic (N.A.F.T.)
Authors: D. C. Lahiri
Journal: BMJ (1953)

LEAKAGE OF TUBERCULIN SYRINGESMBnicJO rates of between 4 and 15, while the other half were scattered between 15 and 70.Of incidental interest is the fact that if the arithmetic value of the leakage rate is replaced by its logarithm, the distribution is very nearly normal.It may also be seen from the figure that the maximum leakage may be lowered from 70 to 25 by rejecting 15% of the syringes.To have a maximum leakage of 20 means rejecting 25% of the syringes, and a maximum leakage of 15 00
Common napkin rashes.
Authors: J Verbov
Journal: BMJ (1980)

non-crying babies.Hutt7 describes parallels.High pulse rates have been found in withdrawn psychotic patients.8While preparing a paper on adolescent suicide attempts in this health district over 12 months I noted that, with a few exceptions, both the mothers' memory and medical records indicated that the 40 teenagers were non-crying babies.I had hoped to entitle the presentation "The unheard cry growing up."Although, as Dunn surmises,2 parents and babies are allowed time to adjust and early reactions are certainly not exclusively all- important for future emotional development, awareness of "silent" infant protest is im- portant.We can then deal with causative factors and learn to contain also the anxiety or aggression arising therefrom.
S48 The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: D Shrikrishna, RJ Tanner, JY Lee, SA Natanek, A Lewis, PB Murphy, N Hart, J Moxham, H Montgomery, PR Kemp, MI Polkey, NS Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Skeletal muscle impairment is a well recognised complication of COPD, predicting mortality in severe disease.<sup>1</sup> Evidence from animal models, genetic studies and observational cohorts suggest a role for the renin-angiotensin system in control of muscle phenotype.<sup>2</sup> We hypothesised that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition would have a beneficial effect on quadriceps function in patients with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> A single-centre, double-blind randomised controlled parallel-group trial investigating the effect of fosinopril versus placebo on quadriceps muscle dysfunction in COPD patients with quadriceps weakness. Muscle weakness was defined as a quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (QMVC) less than 120% of the body mass index.1 <h3>Measurements</h3> The primary outcome was change in non-volitional quadriceps endurance at 3 months, measured using repetitive magnetic stimulation. QMVC, mid-thigh CT cross-sectional area (MT<sub>CSA</sub>), incremental shuttle walk distance (ISWD) and serum inflammatory markers were secondary outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> 80 patients were enrolled (mean(SD), 65(8) years, FEV1 43(21)% predicted, 53% male). 67 patients (31 fosinopril and 36 placebo) completed the trial, with the treatment group demonstrating a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (Δ-10.5mmHg, 95%CI –19.9 to –1.1, p=0.03) and serum ACE activity (Δ-20.4units/L, 95%CI –31.0 to –9.8, p&lt;0.001) compared to placebo. At 3 months, no significant difference was observed in quadriceps muscle endurance half-time (fosinopril Δ5.1s, 95%CI –4.3 to 14.5, p=0.27 vs. placebo Δ4.6s, 95%CI –5.8 to 15.1, p=0.37; between group Δ0.5s, 95%CI –13.3 to 14.3, p=0.94). QMVC improved significantly in both groups (fosinopril Δ1.1kg, 95%CI 0.03 to 2.2, p=0.045 vs. placebo Δ3.6kg, 95%CI 2.1 to 5.0, p&lt;0.0001) with a greater increase in the placebo arm (between group Δ2.5kg, 95%CI 0.7 to 4.3, p&lt;0.01). There was no significant change in MTCSA (p=0.09), ISWD (p=0.51) or serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, p=0.17) between the groups. Stratification based on ACE genotype did not influence study outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This randomised controlled trial found that ACE-inhibition did not improve quadriceps function in a COPD population with quadriceps weakness. Study funded by the Medical Research Council. Trial registration: NCT01014338. Swallow EB, <i>et al</i>. <i>Thorax</i> 2007; 62:115–20. Shrikrishna D, <i>et al</i>. <i>Clin Sci</i> 2012; 123:487–98.
Role of neutral endopeptidase and kininase II on substance P-induced increase in nasal obstruction in patients with allergic rhinitis.
Authors: A Lurie, J A Nadel, G Roisman, H Siney, D J Dusser
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We studied the role of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and kininase II (angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) in the modulation of exogenous substance P (SP)-induced nasal response in normal subjects and in patients with allergic rhinitis. We measured the nasal conductance in response to increasing doses of SP 2 h after oral administration of either placebo or the ACE inhibitor, cilazapril (5 mg), or the NEP inhibitor, acetorphan (300 mg), given in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over manner. We performed three separate studies: acetorphan versus placebo and cilazapril versus placebo, in normal subjects (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively), and acetorphan versus cilazapril versus placebo in patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 6). In normal as well as in rhinitic subjects, SP decreased nasal conductance in a dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.001). With placebo, the decrease in nasal conductance in normal subjects was similar to that in patients with allergic rhinitis (p > 0.5). In normal subjects, acetorphan potentiated the decrease in nasal conductance (p < 0.001), whereas cilazapril did not (p = 0.12). In patients with allergic rhinitis, the decrease in nasal conductance was potentiated by acetorphan (p < 0.001) and by cilazapril (p < 0.001). With acetorphan, the decrease in nasal conductance was not different in patients with allergic rhinitis and in normal subjects (p > 0.9). Conversely, with cilazapril, the nasal response to SP was greater in patients with allergic rhinitis than in normal subjects (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)