tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene map of the extended human MHC
Authors: Roger Horton, Laurens Wilming, Vikki Rand, Ruth C. Lovering, Elspeth A. Bruford, Varsha K. Khodiyar, Michael J. Lush, Sue Povey, C. Conover Talbot, Mathew W. Wright, Hester M. Wain, John Trowsdale, Andreas Ziegler, Stephan Beck
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2004)
Combination of Preoperative Cerebral Blood Flow and 123I-Iomazenil SPECT Imaging Predicts Postoperative Cognitive Improvement in Patients Undergoing Uncomplicated Endarterectomy for Unilateral Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Takeshi Yamashita, Kuniaki Ogasawara, Hiroki Kuroda, Taro Suzuki, Kohei Chida, Masakazu Kobayashi, Kenji Yoshida, Yoshitaka Kubo, Akira Ogawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether preoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cortical central benzodiazepine receptor binding potential as measured by brain perfusion or (123)I-iomazenil (IMZ) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, respectively, can predict cognitive improvement after uncomplicated carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Neuropsychological testing was performed preoperatively and after 1 month postoperatively in 140 patients who underwent CEA for unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (≥ 70%). Brain perfusion SPECT using N-isopropyl-p-[(123)I]-iodoamphetamine and IMZ SPECT was also performed before surgery. SPECT data were analyzed using a 3-dimensional stereotaxic region-of-interest template.Fourteen patients (10%) showed improved cognitive function postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that, among the variables tested, low relative CBF in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to surgery was significantly associated with postoperative cognitive improvement (95% confidence interval: 0.623-0.868; P = 0.0003). The combination of reduced relative CBF and moderately reduced relative uptake of IMZ identified development of postoperative cognitive improvement with 100.0% sensitivity, 84.9% specificity, a positive predictive value of 42.4%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. Further, in a subgroup of patients with reduced relative CBF and moderately reduced relative uptake of IMZ, the difference between these 2 values was significantly greater in patients with postoperative cognitive improvement than in those without (P < 0.0001).The combination of preoperative CBF and cortical central benzodiazepine receptor binding potential as determined by SPECT can predict cognitive improvement after CEA.
Obesity Research and Programs at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Authors: Denise G. Simons-Morton, Karen Donato, Catherine M. Loria, Charlotte A. Pratt, Abby G. Ershow, Meredith A. Morrissette, Susan Czajkowski, S. Sonia Arteaga, Eva Obarzanek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
IMPORTANCE OF THE TUBERCULIN REACTION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: V. C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Since the introduction of methods of application of the tuberculin test, the results of which are determined by means of the local inflammatory reaction occurring at the site of application, much discussion has arisen with regard to the best mode of procedure and the practical value of the results obtained. That the tuberculin reaction represents a phenomenon of sensitization is now generally conceded, and, in order to understand fully its significance, it may be well to consider briefly the mechanism involved in the production of sensitization. Normally, foreign proteins as such do not gain entrance into the body. The most frequent pathologic state in which complex proteins do enter the body as such is represented by the bacterial infections in which the bacterial cells represent highly specialized
Knowledge of Perfusion and Contractile Reserve Improves the Predictive Value of Recovery of Regional Myocardial Function Postrevascularization
Authors: Mario F. Meza, Stephen Ramee, Tyrone Collins, Dwight Stapleton, Richard V. Milani, Joseph P. Murgo, Jorge Cheirif
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background This study was designed to determine the value of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and dobutamine echocardiography (DE), alone or in combination, in predicting functional recovery in patients with resting wall motion abnormalities due to CAD. MCE and DE have been independently shown to be useful in detecting myocardial viability in the post–myocardial infarction setting. Methods and Results Thirty-nine patients with significant coronary artery disease and resting wall motion abnormalities underwent DE (2.5 to 20 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) and wall motion analysis (16-segment model). MCE was performed with selective intracoronary injections of sonicated meglumine (2 cm 3 ). Myocardial viability was defined as presence of contrast effect by MCE and contractile reserve or an ischemic response by DE. Functional recovery (improvement in wall motion) was assessed after revascularization (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, n=20; coronary artery bypass surgery, n=19). When the two groups of patients were analyzed, MCE was associated with excellent sensitivities (84%) yet poor specificities (19% to 26%); DE had lower sensitivities (79% to 80%) but also poor specificities (30% to 36%). The combination of both was associated with excellent sensitivities (90% to 93%) and modest specificities (48% to 50%) for predicting functional recovery. A biphasic response with DE was infrequent (14% to 42%) but highly specific of functional recovery (84% to 94%). MCE had an excellent negative predictive value for functional recovery (83%). Conclusions The prediction of functional recovery post-revascularization can be enhanced by combining MCE and DE.
An ACTH Receptor on Human Mononuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Eric M. Smith, Pat Brosnan, Walter J. Meyer, J. Edwin Blalock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE inaccessibility of many tissues makes routine investigation for receptor defects impossible. ACTH insensitivity syndrome, first described by Shepard et al.1 in 1959 and now reported in more than 63 patients,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 is an example of this problem. Defects in adrenal ACTH receptors have been postulated because of high circulating ACTH levels and the ability of the adrenal-cortex cells to achieve steroidogenesis through an elevation of cyclic AMP.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 In the majority of cases, the clinical presentation includes hyperpigmentation, hypoglycemia, and extremely low glucocorticoid levels with normal mineralocorticoid concentrations.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Differences between cases suggest that the syndrome may have multiple causes. Adrenal cells . . .
The impact of donor KIR and patient HLA-C genotypes on outcome following HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mark A. Cook, Donald W. Milligan, Christopher D. Fegan, Philip J. Darbyshire, Premini Mahendra, Charles F. Craddock, Paul A. H. Moss, David C. Briggs
Journal: Blood (2003)
Lenalidomide inhibits osteoclastogenesis, survival factors and bone-remodeling markers in multiple myeloma
Authors: I Breitkreutz, M S Raab, S Vallet, T Hideshima, N Raje, C Mitsiades, D Chauhan, Y Okawa, N C Munshi, P G Richardson, K C Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
FIBROID TUMORS OF THE UTERUS.TREATED BY DR. FRANKLIN H. MARTIN"s OPERATION OF LIGATING THE BROAD LIGAMENTS—TWO CASES.
Authors: J. B. GREENE
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Mrs. P. of Grand Rapids, Mich., had for several years been a subject of frequent and profuse uterine hemorrhage; during the years of 1892 and 1893 she suffered greatly with pelvic pain, and constipation. In November, 1893, I was sent for to perform hysterectomy, the physician in charge having diagnosed the case as one of uterine fibroid. Upon examination I found a fibroid almost completely filling the pelvic basin, and so adherent that it was entirely immovable. I should judge that the tumor would weigh ten pounds at least. I did not look upon hysterectomy in that case as promising much more than a coffin, and as I had but a short time before had a talk with Prof. F. H. Martin of Chicago, on his recent experiment in the ligation of the uterine arteries, (this conversation was before Prof. Martin had reported his experiment) I determined to adopt that
LONGEVITY OF PHYSICIANS.
Authors: JOHN M. FARRINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

All men think all men mortal, but themselves.—<i>Young</i>. "It is a swift current—that stream of life, on which we ride. We fall asleep, and awaking, find ourselves almost home. Our companions, too, are constantly changing; at every moment new ones come aboard, and old ones leave us, and we have scarcely time to become familiar with their faces, or to make ourselves acquainted with their character or purposes, before they are summoned to the gangway—the boat is lowered, and we wave them a friendly farewell. All along the sands of that silent shore, which we now so faintly see, our friends have left us; and we are awaiting the time when, cheerfully, manfully and hopefully, I trust, we shall receive our summons and depart 'alike to the inevitable grave.'" —Extract from Dr. Frank H. Hamilton's Eulogium upon the life and character of T. Romeyn Beck, M.D., LL.D., February, 1856.
Trends of Diarrheal Disease—Associated Mortality in US Children, 1968 Through 1991
Authors: Paul E. Kilgore
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To describe temporal patterns in mortality related to diarrheal disease in US children and to assess progress toward its prevention and control.Retrospective analyses of death certificate data on diarrhea of all causes compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.Children aged 1 month through 4 years who died with diarrhea.United States, 1968 through 1991.A total of 14 137 deaths associated with diarrhea among children were reported in the United States between 1968 and 1991. Of these, 78% occurred in infants (ie, aged 1 to 11 months); the median age at the time of death has declined from 5 to 1.5 months. Diarrheal disease mortality dropped by approximately 75% during the first 18 years of the study, but no decline has occurred since 1985. Infant mortality due to diarrhea (per 100 000 live births) averaged 12.8 and was found to be high for blacks (33.1) and for residents of the southern United States (18.5). The infant mortality due to diarrhea from 1986 through 1991 is 5.9. Peaks in winter deaths previously associated with rotavirus were prominent in the early years among infants aged 4 through 11 months. Such peaks have virtually disappeared since 1985. Diarrhea was the principal cause of death, as the leading associated diagnoses (electrolyte disorders [30%], cardiac arrest [16%], shock [8%], and nausea/vomiting [4%]) were commonly recognized complications of diarrhea. Since 1979, prematurity has emerged as a common associated diagnosis.Diarrheal deaths nationwide have declined 75% from 1968 to 1985 but stabilized since then at about 300 deaths per year. Because many of these deaths may still be preventable by early rehydration, future prevention efforts should be directed at educating health care providers about the continuing problem and recognition of the high-risk infant and at teaching mothers of such infants to begin rehydration early and to seek medical attention when their infant develops diarrhea.
Diverticular disease: three studies. Part I--Relation to other disorders and fibre intake.
Authors: A J Brodribb, D M Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The fibre intake of 40 patients with diverticular disease was compared with that of 80 age- and sex-matched controls. The daily crude-fibre intake of the patients was significantly lower than that of the controls, and the incidence of haemorrhoids, varicose veins, hiatus hernia, gall stones, and abdominal hernias was significantly higher than in the control group. These findings suggest that a fibre-depleted diet may be a causative factor in diverticular disease and several other conditions.
Flurbiprofene as a preventive treatment after reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Brice Letac (Rouen), Philippe Morand (Nice), Mireille Brochier (Tours), Jean Pierre Monassier (Colmar), Alain Castaigne (Créteil), André Tadei (Angers), Henri Lardoux (Corbeil), François Jan (Créteil)
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Definitive Management of Innominate Artery Hemorrhage Complicating Tracheostomy
Authors: Joseph R. Utley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Massive hemorrhage from erosion of the innominate artery by a low-lying tracheostomy tube may be prevented by appropriate positioning of the tracheal stoma. Hemorrhage may be fatal unless promptly recognized and the bleeding controlled. In an emergency technique herein described, the innominate artery can be effectively occluded by finger dissection along the anterior tracheal wall and compression of the artery against the back of the sternum. The eroded innominate artery should be divided and oversewn. No neurologic sequelae from division of the innominate artery have been observed.
CALCINOSIS DUE TO TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: Joseph M. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1949, Burnett, Commons, Albright, and Howard<sup>1</sup>reported six cases of hypercalcemia, calcinosis, and renal insufficiency, without hypercalciuria or hypophosphatemia, in patients with a history or symptoms of peptic ulcer, who had received excessive amounts of milk and absorbable alkali. The following case demonstrates many of the features of this syndrome. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 41-year-old white man was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Fort Howard, Md., on June 26, 1949, complaining of weakness, nausea, and vomiting, of three to four days' duration. He had noted epigastric pain in September, 1942, while in the United States Navy. Relief had been obtained from self-medication with about a quart of milk a day. He was admitted to a hospital while in service for pain and swelling of the left arm. While there he asked for sodium bicarbonate and milk to relieve his epigastric pain, and investigation revealed a duodenal
Respiratory and psychiatric abnormalities in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation.
Authors: C Bass, W N Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Many physicians believe that the hyperventilation syndrome is invariably associated with anxiety or undiagnosed organic disease such as asthma and pulmonary embolus, or both. Twenty one patients referred by specialist physicians with unexplained somatic symptoms and unequivocal chronic hypocapnia (resting end tidal Pco2 less than or equal to 4 kPa (30 mm Hg) on repeated occasions during prolonged measurement) were investigated. All but one complained of inability to take a satisfying breath. Standard lung function test results and chest radiographs were normal in all patients, but histamine challenge showed bronchial hyper-reactivity in two of 20 patients tested, and skin tests to common allergens were positive in three of 18. Ventilation-perfusion scanning was abnormal in a further three of 15 patients studied, with unmatched perfusion defects in two and isolated ventilation defects in one. None of the 21 had thyrotoxicosis, severe coronary heart disease, or other relevant cardiovascular abnormalities. Ten of the 21 patients were neurotic and suffered from chronic psychiatric disturbance characterised by anxiety, panic, and phobic symptoms. The remainder had no detectable psychiatric disorders but reported proportionately more somatic than anxiety symptoms. Severe hyperventilation can occur in the absence of formal psychiatric or detectable respiratory or other organic abnormalities. Asthma and pulmonary embolus must be specifically excluded.
Development of a lethal congenital heart defect in the splotch (Pax3) mutant mouse
Authors: Simon J Conway, Deborah J Henderson, Margaret L Kirby, Robert H Anderson, Andrew J Copp
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The splotch (Sp2H) mutation disrupts the Pax3 gene and is lethal in homozygotes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cause of lethality. Methods and results: Using the splotch (Sp2H) mouse mutant, we demonstrated that approximately 60% of Sp2H homozygotes die in utero at 13.5–14.5 days of gestation. All these embryos have cardiac malformations involving partial or complete failure of septation of the outflow tract. Although the cause of death in utero is unknown, the dying embryos are edematous, their superior caval veins are over-expanded, and the fetal liver is enlarged and engorged with blood, all signs of cardiac failure. The remaining Sp2H homozygotes die around the time of birth, and these embryos have grossly normal hearts. All Sp2H homozygotes have neural tube defects, either spina bifida, exencephaly, or both. Although these defects clearly do not cause death in utero, they are very likely responsible for the perinatal death of homozygotes that survive to late gestation. There is no correlation between the presence or absence of a cardiac defect and the type of neural tube defect. On the other hand, there is a striking correlation between presence of a cardiac defect and reduction or absence of dorsal root ganglia, which are derivatives of the neural crest. Conclusions: In this paper, we show that the lethality has a biphasic pattern, and the data strongly suggests that mid-gestation lethality is due to cardiac defects and not the associated neural tube defects. This finding supports the idea that 'conotruncal' cardiac defects involving the ventricular outflow tracts develop as a result of failure of the 'cardiac' neural crest to colonise the developing heart in the mid-gestation embryo, and that the resulting heart defects are solely responsible for the observed mortality.
Cisplatin-Induced Hemolysis
Authors: E. Paul Getaz, Sunmolu Beckley, John Fitzpatrick, Aubrey Dozier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

CISPLATIN (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) has been tested extensively against various solid tumors and has become commercially available. Recently, we saw two patients who had positive responses to the direct antiglobulin test while they were receiving cisplatin; one had overt hemolysis when challenged with the drug.Case ReportsCase 1In September 1977, a 19-year-old man underwent left orchidectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for a mixed embryonal cell and malignant teratoma. Adjuvant cisplatin, 70 mg every three weeks, was given, for a total of 1680 mg. In February 1979, while he was receiving cisplatin, fever developed, accompanied by dark urine, a fall in hemoglobin . . .
Niche competition and cancer metastasis to bone
Authors: Laura G. Schuettpelz, Daniel C. Link
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The molecular basis for the preferential metastases of certain cancers to bone is not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Shiozawa et al. provide compelling evidence that prostate cancer cells preferentially home to the osteoblastic niche in the bone marrow, where they compete with normal HSCs for niche support. Because signals from the niche may regulate tumor quiescence and sensitivity to chemotherapy, these observations have important implications for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer in bone.
Cytosine Arabinoside Influx and Nucleoside Transport Sites in Acute Leukemia
Authors: J. S. Wiley, S. P. Jones, W. H. Sawyer, A. R. P. Paterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Although cytosine arabinoside (araC) can induce a remission in a majority of patients presenting with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), a minority fail to respond and moreover the drug has less effect in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The carrier-mediated influx of araC into purified blasts from patients with AML, ALL, and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) has been compared to that of normal lymphocytes and polymorphs. Blasts showed a larger mediated influx of araC than mature cells, since mean influxes for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts were 6- and 2.3-fold greater than polymorphs and lymphocytes, respectively. Also, the mean influx for myeloblasts was fourfold greater than the mean for lymphoblasts. The number of nucleoside transport sites was estimated for each cell type by measuring the equilibrium binding of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), which inhibits nucleoside fluxes by binding with high affinity to specific sites on the transport mechanism. The mean binding site numbers for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts were 5- and 2.8-fold greater, respectively, than for the mature cells of the same maturation series. The mean number of NBMPR binding sites for myeloblasts was fourfold greater than for lymphoblasts. Patients with AUL were heterogeneous since blasts from some gave values within the myeloblastic range and others within the lymphoblastic range. The araC influx correlated closely with the number of NBMPR binding sites measured in the same cells on the same day. Transport parameters were measured on blasts from 15 patients with AML or AUL who were then treated with standard induction therapy containing araC. Eight patients entered complete remission, while seven failed therapy, among whom were the three patients with the lowest araC influx (<0.4 pmol/107 cells per min) and NBMPR binding (<3,000 sites/cell) for the treated group. In summary, myeloblasts have both higher araC transport rates and more nucleoside transport sites than lymphoblasts and this factor may contribute to the greater sensitivity of AML to this drug. AraC transport varied >10-fold between leukemic blasts and normal leukocytes, but transport capacity related directly to the number of nucleoside transport sites on the cell. Finally, low araC transport rates or few NBMPR binding sites on blasts were observed in a subset of patients with acute leukemia who failed to achieve remission with drug combinations containing araC.
Post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: A. Boehler, M. Estenne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischaemia/reperfusion injury and infections have made intermediate-term survival after lung transplantation an achievable goal. However, chronic allograft dysfunction in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans remains a major hurdle that threatens both the quality of life and long-term survival of the recipients. It affects up to 50–60% of patients who survive 5 yrs after surgery, and it accounts for &gt;30% of all deaths occurring after the third postoperative year. This article discusses the alloimmune-dependent and -independent risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans, the current understanding of the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans based on results of animal and human studies, the clinical staging of the complication, strategies that may contribute to the prevention and/or early detection of bronchiolitis obliterans, and suggestions for future research.
The G-Protein Family and Their Interaction with Receptors*
Authors: GARY L. JOHNSON, N. DHANASEKARAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

THE FAMILY of GTP-binding proteins, called Gproteins, provides a signal transduction coupling mechanism for many cell surface receptors. The receptors act catalytically to mediate guanine nucleotide exchange at the GDP-GTP binding site of G-proteins. This process is referred to as activation and results in the displacement of bound GDP for GTP. The GTP-bound form of the G-protein then initiates a cellular response by altering the activity of specific enzymes. Examples of such signal transduction systems include the receptor regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and the photoreceptor regulation of cyclic (c)GMP phosphodiesterase. Recent evidence also suggests that specific ion channels may be regulated by G-proteins. As detailed in this review, recent elucidation of both receptor and G-protein primary sequence has allowed structural predictions and new experimental approaches to study the mechanism of receptor-catalyzed G-protein regulation of effector systems and the control of cell function.