tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of γ-Irradiation for Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis in Saphenous Vein Graft Versus Native Coronary Artery In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Marco T. Castagna, Gary S. Mintz, Ron Waksman, Javed M. Ahmed, Akiko Maehara, Andrew E. Ajani, Anh B. Bui, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — We used serial volumetric (post-irradiation and follow-up) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to compare the effectiveness of γ-irradiation ( 192 Ir) in saphenous vein graft (SVG) versus native coronary artery in-stent restenosis (ISR). Methods and Results — The study population consisted of 47 patients with native coronary artery ISR from WRIST (Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial) and 31 patients with SVG ISR (12 from the WRIST and 19 from SVGWRIST). After irradiation and at 6-month follow-up, stent, lumen, and intimal hyperplasia (IH, stent minus lumen) areas were measured every 1 mm. ISR length was similar in the 2 groups (29±12 versus 29±14 mm, P =0.9). Post-intervention measurements of stent (280±154 versus 324±270 mm 3 , P =0.4), lumen (184±91 versus 214±172 mm 3 , P =0.3), and IH (96±77 versus 109±119 mm 3 , P =0.5) volumes were similar in the 2 groups. The post-intervention minimum lumen cross sectional areas tended to be smaller in native artery ISR lesions (4.7±1.7 versus 5.4±1.6 mm 2 , P =0.11). During follow-up, there was a slight increase in IH volume (9±38 mm 3 ) in native artery ISR lesions and a slight decrease in IH volume in SVG ISR lesions (−9±32 mm 3 , P =0.0463). There was also a slight decrease in minimum lumen area in the native artery ISR lesions versus a slight increase in minimum lumen area in the SVG ISR lesions (−0.8±1.7 versus 0.2±1.1, P =0.0087). As a result, the follow-up minimum lumen area in native artery lesions was smaller than in SVG ISR lesions (4.1±2.1 mm 2 versus 5.6±2.2 mm 2 , P =0.0067). Conclusion — γ-Irradiation with 192 Ir brachytherapy appears to be as effective in SVGs as it is in native artery ISR lesions.
Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rachel Yehuda, Richard S. E. Keefe, Philip D. Harvey, Robert A. Levengood, Douglas K. Gerber, Jennifer Geni, Larry J. Siever
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors investigated a broad range of memory functions for stimuli unrelated to trauma to determine whether symptoms such as intrusive memories might reflect an underlying cognitive deficit unrelated to the psychological content of the traumatic memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The authors measured the intellectual functioning of 20 male combat veterans with PTSD and 12 normal comparison subjects using the WAIS and evaluated them for performance on memory using the California Verbal Learning Test.Veterans with PTSD showed normal abilities in the functions of initial attention, immediate memory, cumulative learning, and active interference from previous learning. However, these veterans showed a circumscribed cognitive deficit, manifested by the presence of substantial retroactive interference and revealed by a significant decrement in retention following exposure to an intervening word list.The data suggest that patients with PTSD may have fairly specific deficits in the monitoring and regulation of memory information.
Corrigendum to “Reply to Ruth E. Langley, Patricia Price and Paul D. Abel's Letter to the Editor re: Claude C. Schulman, Jacques Irani, Juan Morote, et al. Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A European Expert Panel Review. Eur Urol Suppl 2010;9:675–91” [Eur Urol 2011;59:e26]
Authors: Claude Schulman
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Antiretroviral Treatment in Pediatric HIV Infection in the United States&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Susan Brogly
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextAntiretroviral therapy (ART) for pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has evolved from simple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens to complex combination therapies based largely on evidence from clinical trials. However, the integration of novel ART into the clinical care of pediatric HIV infection has not been examined.ObjectivesTo describe changes in the treatment of pediatric HIV infection in the United States from 1987-2003, to assess concordance of initial regimens with US pediatric guidelines, and to identify predictors of the first regimen switch.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe study population included 766 perinatally HIV-infected children in the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 219C cohort born before January 1, 2004, who had not participated in an ART clinical trial at 219C enrollment or during follow-up.Main Outcome MeasuresProportion of children receiving specific ART regimens, proportion of children initiating ART according to pediatric guidelines, and time to first regimen switch (risk of switching).ResultsSingle and dual NRTI regimens were used most frequently through 1997. In 1998, 2 years after protease inhibitors were approved for adult HIV infection and at the time pediatric guidelines were issued, regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor became most frequently used. From 1998-2003, 22% of children initiated ART with a regimen not recommended by pediatric guidelines. In multivariate regression, the risk of switching decreased with age at ART initiation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.99) and increased with year of initiation (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23-1.33). The risk of switching was higher in children who started with 1 NRTI (HR, 8.05; 95% CI, 5.80-11.18), 2 NRTIs (HR, 4.08; 95% CI, 3.08-5.40), or an unconventional regimen (HR, 6.23; 95% CI, 3.36-11.54) vs children who started with a protease inhibitor–containing regimen; and in children who initiated ART at CD4 T lymphocyte percentages less than 15 vs 15 or greater (HR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.03-8.13).ConclusionsThere was a short lag between the identification of novel ART and its adoption in the pediatric community. A variety of regimens were used, including some unorthodox therapies. Important predictors of first regimen switch were identified.
The Influence of Pravastatin and Atorvastatin on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemic Humans
Authors: Bonnie Ky, Anne Burke, Sotirios Tsimikas, Megan L. Wolfe, Mahlet G. Tadesse, Philippe O. Szapary, Joseph L. Witztum, Garret A. FitzGerald, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhances human keratinocyte cell growth and decreases proinflammatory chemokine production
Authors: G. Vianale, M. Reale, P. Amerio, M. Stefanachi, S. Di Luzio, R. Muraro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes are central processes in tissue regeneration after injury. Chemokines, produced by a wide range of cell types including keratinocytes, play a regulatory role in inflammatory skin diseases. Several studies have shown that an electromagnetic field (EMF) can influence both inflammatory processes and repair mechanisms including wound healing on different tissue models.To elucidate the effect of extremely low frequency EMF (ELF-EMF) on keratinocyte proliferation and production of chemokines [RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and interleukin (IL)-8] in order to evaluate a potential therapeutic use of magnetic fields.The human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was exposed at 1 mT, 50 Hz for different lengths of time and compared with unexposed control cells. Cell growth and viability were evaluated at different exposure times by cell count and trypan blue exclusion. Chemokine production and expression were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Total NF-kappaB p65 was quantified by ELISA.Significantly increased growth rates were observed after 48 h of EMF exposure as compared with control cells, while no difference in cell viabilities were detected. Gene expression and release of RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha and IL-8 were significantly reduced after 72 h of exposure. NF-kappaB levels became almost undetectable after only 1 h of EMF exposure, and were inversely correlated with cell density.Our results show that ELF-EMF modulates chemokine production and keratinocyte growth through inhibition of the NF-kappaB signalling pathway and thus may inhibit inflammatory processes. ELF-EMF could represent an additional therapeutic approach in the treatment of skin injury.
Full engagement in health
Authors: Jill E Thistlethwaite
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Coulter and Rozansky's point that full engagement in health needs to begin in primary care is a timely reminder that the move towards patient partnership and shared decision making (the focus of a BMJ issue in 1997) is stalling.1

The results of the Commonwealth Fund's study is not surprising, and I postulate that there are at least two fundamental causes of the poor British results.

One of the striking findings of my research for a PhD on shared decision making and medical education is that medical students are rarely encouraged to develop management plans. If and when they do they are unlikely ever to discuss them with patients, let alone involve patients in choosing options. However pre-registration house officers, particularly those in general practice, are active in patient management and develop skills to discuss plans with patients. But patients are often not given choices: the plans are decided by the doctors. Those junior doctors who begin to develop strategies to share decisions are unlikely to be given feedback on their fledgling skills. Undergraduate and postgraduate medical educators need to think about this area of medical professionalism.

The second cause is related to the general practice contracts, particularly the new one of 2004. A colleague who has practised as a general practitioner for many years in Australia is currently on sabbatical in the United Kingdom. He reports that general practitioners are concentrating on meeting the targets of the new contract with a loss of communication and patient involvement in consultations. Moreover, the move from standard Australian 15 minute consultations to the United Kingdom's 10 affects the doctor's ability and motivation to discuss options with patients.

Shared decision making needs to begin in primary care, but learning and working environments must be changed to ensure a good outcome.
Improved Outcomes in Medically and Surgically Treated Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Robin Condliffe, David G. Kiely, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Paul A. Corris, Andrew J. Peacock, David P. Jenkins, Denise Hodgkins, Kim Goldsmith, Rodney J. Hughes, Karen Sheares, Steven S. L. Tsui, Iain J. Armstrong, Chantal Torpy, Rachel Crackett, Christopher M. Carlin, Clare Das, J. Gerry Coghlan, Joanna Pepke-Zaba
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has changed over recent years with the growth of pulmonary endarterectomy surgery and the availability of disease-modifying therapies.To investigate the prognosis of CTEPH in a national setting during recent years.All incident cases diagnosed in one of the five pulmonary hypertension centers in the United Kingdom between January 2001 and June 2006 were identified prospectively. Information regarding baseline characteristics, treatment, and follow-up was subsequently collected from hospital records.A total of 469 patients received a diagnosis, of whom 148 (32%) had distal, nonsurgical disease. One- and three-year survival from diagnosis was 82 and 70% for patients with nonsurgical disease and 88 and 76% for those treated surgically (P = 0.023). Initial functional improvement in patients with nonsurgical disease was noted but did not persist at 2 years. Significant functional and hemodynamic improvements were seen in surgically treated patients with an increase in six-minute-walk distance of 105 m (P < 0.001) at 3 months. Five-year survival from surgery in the 35% of patients who survived to 3 months but had persistent pulmonary hypertension was 94%.The prognosis in nonsurgical disease has improved. We have confirmed the previously described good outcome in surgically treated disease. However, we have also demonstrated that the long-term prognosis for patients who have persistent pulmonary hypertension at 3 months after surgery is good. The observed improvements in outcome during the modern treatment era reinforce the importance of identifying patients with this increasingly treatable condition.
Small Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Rectum Entirely Covered by an Adenomatous Component
Authors: H. Yoshikane, D. Arakawa, H. Kawashima, A. Sakakibara, H. Hidano, H. Takahashi, T. Yokoi
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 1 a Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the large intestine is a rare condition with an extremely poor prognosis. At autopsy, a laterally spreading tumor (LST) 5 cm in diameter was found in the rectum in a 54-year-old woman who had multiple liver and bone metastases of unknown origin. b Cross section of the LST revealed, however, the coexistence of a whitish round tumor (arrow) beneath the brownish LST.
Long-term Risk of Acute Diverticulitis Among Patients With Incidental Diverticulosis Found During Colonoscopy
Authors: Kamyar Shahedi, Garth Fuller, Roger Bolus, Erica Cohen, Michelle Vu, Rena Shah, Nikhil Agarwal, Marc Kaneshiro, Mary Atia, Victoria Sheen, Nicole Kurzbard, Martijn G.H. van Oijen, Linnette Yen, Paul Hodgkins, M. Haim Erder, Brennan Spiegel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Overexpression of Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus (GALV) Receptor (GLVR1) on Human CD34+ Cells Increases Gene Transfer Mediated by GALV Pseudotyped Vectors
Authors: Thomas Relander, Ann C.M. Brun, Karin Olsson, Lene Pedersen, Johan Richter
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Retroviral transduction of CD34+ cells on Retronectin using gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) pseudotyped vectors is inhibited by high concentrations of vector containing medium (VCM). Furthermore, this inhibitory activity is stable for at least 48 hours at 37°C and partially blocks a second hit with a GALV pseudotyped vector. We hypothesized that this inhibition was due to interference at the receptor level between infectious and noninfectious vector particles and that it might be possible to overcome it by increasing receptor expression on target cells. Activation of protein kinase C in CD34+ cells with the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) increased the mRNA level of the GALV receptor (GLVR1) and the transduction efficiency (TE), and fully reversed the inhibition of transduction seen with high-titer GALV VCM. A murine stem cell virus (MSCV) vector with the GLVR1 receptor and green fluorescent protein cDNAs (MGLIG) was used to transduce fibroblasts, and clones expressing different levels of GLVR1 were isolated. The TE of these cells using a GALV vector correlated with the level of GLVR1 expression. When CD34+ cells or K562 cells were first transduced with MGLIG and then with high-titer GALV VCM, no inhibition of transduction was seen. The low level of GLVR1 expression limits gene transfer to K562 and CD34+ cells using GALV pseudotyped vectors, especially in the presence of high-titer VCMs. Retroviral transduction of CD34+ cells on Retronectin using gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) pseudotyped vectors is inhibited by high concentrations of vector containing medium (VCM). Furthermore, this inhibitory activity is stable for at least 48 hours at 37°C and partially blocks a second hit with a GALV pseudotyped vector. We hypothesized that this inhibition was due to interference at the receptor level between infectious and noninfectious vector particles and that it might be possible to overcome it by increasing receptor expression on target cells. Activation of protein kinase C in CD34+ cells with the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) increased the mRNA level of the GALV receptor (GLVR1) and the transduction efficiency (TE), and fully reversed the inhibition of transduction seen with high-titer GALV VCM. A murine stem cell virus (MSCV) vector with the GLVR1 receptor and green fluorescent protein cDNAs (MGLIG) was used to transduce fibroblasts, and clones expressing different levels of GLVR1 were isolated. The TE of these cells using a GALV vector correlated with the level of GLVR1 expression. When CD34+ cells or K562 cells were first transduced with MGLIG and then with high-titer GALV VCM, no inhibition of transduction was seen. The low level of GLVR1 expression limits gene transfer to K562 and CD34+ cells using GALV pseudotyped vectors, especially in the presence of high-titer VCMs.
Pharmacogenetic Analysis of BR.21, a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Erlotinib in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Geoffrey Liu, D. Cheng, K. Ding, A. Le Maitre, N. Liu, D. Patel, Z. Chen, L. Seymour, F.A. Shepherd, M.S. Tsao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
883 VACCINATION AGAINST HEPATITIS C VIRUS WITH A RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEIN CONTAINING THE EXTRA DOMAIN A FROM FIBRONECTIN AND THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS NS3 PROTEIN
Authors: C. Mansilla, M. Martinez, M. Gorraiz, N. Casares, L. Arribillaga, I. Echeverria, P. Sarobe, F. Borrás-Cuesta, J. Prieto, J. Lasarte
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Midodrine in patients with cirrhosis and refractory or recurrent ascites: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Virendra Singh, Sahdeb P. Dhungana, Baljinder Singh, Rajesh Vijayverghia, Chander K. Nain, Navneet Sharma, Ashish Bhalla, Pramod K. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract P6-06-08: Impact of initial surgical treatment delay on survival according to hormone responsiveness in breast cancer
Authors: T-K Yoo, W Han, H-G Moon, J Kim, JW Lee, MK Kim, E Lee, J Kim, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Previous studies on the issue of the prognostic importance of treatment delay in breast cancer have shown inconsistent results. Furthermore, the association between the impact of treatment delay and molecular characteristics of tumors has not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this study is to examine the prognostic impact of initial surgical treatment delay after biopsy-proven cancer diagnosis in breast cancer patients. A total of 1,393 consecutive invasive breast cancer patients, treated in Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between July 2006 and June 2008, were included in this study. Patients with in situ or metastatic carcinoma at the time of diagnosis and patients in whom the dates of the initial pathologic diagnosis were unknown were excluded. The median time from biopsy-confirmed cancer diagnosis to initial surgical treatment was 25 days (range 0-134). When the patients were classified according to their treatment delay days (0 to 29, 30 to 59, and ≥60days), there was no difference in survival between ‘0-29days’ group and ‘30-59days’ group. However, for patients who experienced more than 60 days of initial delay in surgical treatment, the survival was significantly worse when compared to other groups (p = 0.034). The association between the treatment delay and poor outcome was only seen in patients with ER and PR negative tumors (p = 0.018) while patients with hormone-responsive tumors showed no such association. Patients with ER and PR negative tumors developed more recurrence and had shorter disease-free survival if they had treatment delay of more than 60 days. The prognostic importance of treatment delay of more than 60 days remained significant in predicting disease-free survival after adjusting for other known prognostic factors such as age, tumor size, nodal status, cancer stage, nuclear grade and Ki-67 expression (HR 5.127; 95% CI, 1.350 to 19.472; p = 0.016). Our results suggest that having treatment delay of more than 60 days is associated with poor treatment outcome in patients with ER and PR negative breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-08.
Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Sharon M. Castellino, Ann M. Geiger, Ann C. Mertens, Wendy M. Leisenring, Janet A. Tooze, Pam Goodman, Marilyn Stovall, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson
Journal: Blood (2010)
4. TOXICITY OF PRIMAQUINE IN NEGROES
Authors: Robert S. Hockwald
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Hemolytic reactions during antimalarial therapy have proved to be a limiting factor in the use of 8-aminoquinolines for the cure of vivax malaria. The most severe type of reaction is clinically identical to blackwater fever, and is characterized by massive, explosive, intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria, which constitutes a medical emergency necessitating immediate transfusions. Acute hemolysis has been observed during the therapeutic use of a number of 8-aminoquinolines, for example, pamaquine, 1 pentaquine, 2 and isopentaquine. 3 The incidence of hemolytic reactions is higher in the dark-skinned races. According to Earle and co-workers, 1 5 to 10% of Negroes contract acute hemolysis when given 30 mg. or more of pamaquine daily. Only 1% of white subjects studied by him contracted hemolysis which, however, was not acute.  PROCEDURES  Dosage Schedules.—  Primaquine 4 8-(4-amino-1-methylbutylamino)-6-methoxy quinoline, 30 mg. of base daily, was administered orally in single or divided doses to 110 normal
Phage Types and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Staphylococci
Authors: Gosta Wallmark
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SEVERAL STUDIES reported from this hospital during the past decade have demonstrated a steadily increasing incidence of pathogenic staphylococcic resistant to the antibiotics that have been most frequently used. The stains isolated during 1955 and 1958 were also subjected to phage typing, which showed the most prevalent type to be 80/81, previously typed as 42B/52/81. Since staphylococcal infections continued to be a problem of increasing importance in this, as in other hospitals, additional studies were carried out on strains collected during 1959-1960 from clinical lesions of hospitalized patients as well as from outpatient cases and from autopsies. All of these strains as well as those still available from previous studies were subjected to phage typing with the same standard set of phages used in 1958. 1   Materials and Methods  Strains of Staphylococcus aureus.—  The following collections of strains, all of them coagulase positive, are included in the present
Interleukin-1 beta inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction via epithelium-dependent mechanism.
Authors: J Tamaoki, I Yamawaki, K Takeyama, A Chiyotani, F Yamauchi, K Konno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine whether the cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 beta directly affects airway smooth muscle functions and, if so, what the mechanism of action is, we studied canine isolated bronchial segments under isometric conditions in vitro. Incubation of tissues with human recombinant IL-1 beta (10 ng/ml) for 150 min decreased the contractile responses to acetylcholine, histamine, and KCl. The inhibitory effect of IL-1 beta on the acetylcholine (10(-3) M)-induced contraction was concentration-dependent, the maximal decrease from the baseline contraction being 52 +/- 8% (mean +/- SD, p < 0.001) observed with 10 ng/ml IL-1 beta. Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were not significantly altered by IL-1 beta. The IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of the contractile responses was not affected by pretreatment of tissues with indomethacin or propranolol, but it was greatly attenuated by mechanical removal of epithelium. These results suggest that IL-1 beta may play a protective role against bronchoconstrictor responses via epithelium-dependent mechanism such as the release of epithelium-derived relaxing factor.