tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein in bronchial biopsies from patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma: evidence against "intrinsic" asthma being a distinct immunopathologic entity.
Authors: M Humbert, S R Durham, S Ying, P Kimmitt, J Barkans, B Assoufi, R Pfister, G Menz, D S Robinson, A B Kay, C J Corrigan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Intrinsic (nonatopic) asthma is considered to be a distinct pathogenetic variant of asthma since, unlike extrinsic (atopic) asthma, patients with the disease are skin test-negative to common aeroallergens, and have total serum IgE concentrations within the normal range. Nevertheless, the recent demonstration of increased numbers of cells expressing the high-affinity IgE receptor in bronchial biopsies from atopic and nonatopic asthmatic subjects, together with epidemiologic evidence indicating that serum IgE concentrations relate closely to asthma prevalence regardless of atopic status, suggests that IgE-mediated mechanisms may participate in the pathogenesis of both atopic and nonatopic asthma. Furthermore both variants of the disease are associated with bronchial mucosal eosinophilic inflammation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an essential cofactor for IgE synthesis, and there is strong evidence that IL-5 plays a major role in eosinophil accumulation in asthmatic inflammation. For these reasons we compared the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein product using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsies from symptomatic atopic and nonatopic asthmatic subjects and atopic and nonatopic controls. The results showed that as compared with controls, biopsies from both groups of asthmatic subjects had increased numbers of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA copies relative to beta-actin mRNA as detected by RT-PCR. Similarly, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased numbers of cells expressing IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA and protein in asthmatic subjects, irrespective of their atopic status. We conclude that individuals with either atopic or nonatopic asthma show infiltration of the bronchial mucosa with cells expressing Th2-type cytokines, providing further evidence for similarities in the immunopathogenesis of these clinically distinct forms of asthma.
Priming for high interferon-gamma production induced by interleukin-12 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones from HIV-infected patients.
Authors: C Paganin, I Frank, G Trinchieri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

HIV-infected patients are defective in their ability to produce interleukin (IL)-12 in vitro in response to pathogenic bacteria and parasites. IL-12 enhances the patient's depressed natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, peripheral blood lymphocyte production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and proliferative T cell response in vitro to recall antigens, HIV antigens, alloantigens, and mitogens. However, these effects represent short-lived responses and imply the need for chronic IL-12 therapeutic administration in the clinical setting. To identify any long-term effects of IL-12 on T cell differentiation toward Th1 cells, peripheral blood T cells from 10 HIV-infected patients at different stages of disease were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence or absence of IL-12 and tested for cytokine production in response to stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies and phorbol diesters IL-12 present during the first 2 wk of clonal expansion determined a stable severalfold enhancement on the ability of both CD4+ and CD8+ clones to produce IFN-gamma. Because priming for high IFN-gamma production is probably the most important mechanism by which IL-12 induces generation of efficient T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, these results suggest the possibility that IL-12 treatment in vivo of HIV-infected patients may stimulate a protective Th1 response against opportunistic pathogens and possibly HIV itself.
Plasma levels of 8-methoxypsoralen following oral or bath-water treatment
Authors: S. E. THOMAS, J. O'SULLIVAN, N. BALAC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Plasma levels of 8‐methoxypsoralen following oral or bath‐water treatment Get access S. E. THOMAS, S. E. THOMAS Department of Dermatology, Barnsley District General Hospital Barnsley S75 2EP, U. K. Dr S. E. Thomas. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. O'SULLIVAN, J. O'SULLIVAN Department of Pharmacy, Barnsley District General Hospital Barnsley S75 2EP, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. BALAC N. BALAC Department of General Medicine, Barnsley District General Hospital Barnsley S75 2EP, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 1, 1 July 1991, Pages 56–58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06040.x Published: 01 July 1991
Zafirlukast in Asthma
Authors: Carlos A. Estrada
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 January 1998Zafirlukast in AsthmaCarlos A. Estrada, MD, MS and James Byrd, MD, MPHCarlos A. Estrada, MD, MSEast Carolina University; Greenville, NC 27858Search for more papers by this author and James Byrd, MD, MPHEast Carolina University; Greenville, NC 27858Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Our section holds a monthly evidence-based journal club in which we discuss articles that may alter how we care for our patients. Leukotriene antagonists offer a new method for asthma treatment [1]. We critically review articles by asking three questions: Are the results of the study valid? What are the results? and Will the results help us in caring for our patients [2]?In a clinical trial, randomization is the crucial method used to determine validity. Despite the title of Suissa and colleagues' article [1], we are concerned that the study was not a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ...References1. Suissa S, Dennis R, Ernst P, Sheehy O, Wood-Dauphinee S. Effectiveness of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast for mild-to-moderate asthma. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:177-83. Google Scholar2. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ. User's guides to the medical literature. Il How to use an article about therapy or prevention. A. Are the results of the study valid? JAMA. 1993; 270:2598-601. Google Scholar3. ICI Pharma. A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Accolate in mild to moderate asthmatic patients needing chronic treatment. Trial number 9188IL/0029. Canada, 1992. Google Scholar4. Sheffer AL, Taggart VS. The National Asthma Education Program. Expert panel report guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Med Care. 1993; 31(3 Suppl):MS20-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Carolina University; Greenville, NC 27858 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1Page: 70KeywordsAsthmaClinical trialsForced expiratory volume in the first second of expirationLeukotrienePatientsRandomized trialsSteroids Issue Published: 1 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome and the Brain
Authors: B. M. Greenfield, J. W. Mayer, R. R. Sibbitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 July 1991The Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome and the BrainB. M. Greenfield, MD, J. W. Mayer, MD, R. R. SibbittB. M. Greenfield, MDSearch for more papers by this author, J. W. Mayer, MDSearch for more papers by this author, R. R. SibbittSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-2-159_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: We report the cases of two patients with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and currently normal eosinophil counts who show progressive central nervous system problems and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.Late in 1989, both patients had a diagnosis of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome fulfilling criteria of the Centers for Disease Control (1). Both patients were treated with corticosteroids and have had normal eosinophil counts for at least 15 months. Symptoms and signs suggestive of central nervous system disease have appeared in the last 7 months, with clinical evidence of slow progression. In Patient 1, MRI scans done 15...References1. . Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and L-tryptophan-containing products—New Mexico, Minnesota, Oregon, and New York, 1989. MMWR. 1989;38:785-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. CohenHurd SE. Neurological complications of connective tissue and other "collagen-vascular" diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1981;11:190-211. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Toxic epidemic syndrome, Spain 1981. Lancet. 1982;2:697-702. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Jimenez S. The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and eosinophilic fasciitis. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1990;2:960-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TolanderBamfordYoshinoDowningBryan LCMSG. Neurologic complications of the tryptophan-associated eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:436-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: B. M. Greenfield, MD; J. W. Mayer, MD; R. R. SibbittAffiliations: 134 East De Vargas Santa Fe, NM 87501 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEvaluation of Eosinophilia in Hospitalized Preterm InfantsTHE EVOLVING SPECTRUM OF EOSINOPHILIA MYALGIA SYNDROMEThe eosinophilia-myalgia syndromeClinical Comments and a Pathophysiological Discussion of Scleroderma 15 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 2Page: 159-160KeywordsBrainCentral nervous systemEosinophilsMagnetic resonance imagingSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 July 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutations of N-RAS, FLT3 and p53 genes are not involved in the development of acute leukemia transformed from myeloproliferative diseases with JAK2 mutation
Authors: M Suzuki, A Abe, H Kiyoi, M Murata, Y Ito, K Shimada, Y Morishita, T Kinoshita, T Naoe
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
John Snow and St George's
Authors: G. Barker
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In her review of Cholera, Chloroform and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow (December 2003 JRSM1) Rosalind Stanwell-Smith is right to point out that John Snow's achievements have met with little recognition in Britain, while his true worth has been properly celebrated in the USA, because of `the traditional British manner of delayed acknowledgement of non-military heroes (particularly in science)'. In 1847, John Snow was invited to give ether anaesthetics to dental outpatients at St George's Hospital and in A Short History of St George's Hospital (Athlone 1997) Terry Gould, an anaesthetist himself, wrote `St George's may proudly boast of its connection with this great medical pioneer'. However, in 1997, when Dr Alex Thurlow and some of his anaesthetic colleagues at St George's Hospital made a formal proposal to call his department `The John Snow Department of Anaesthesia' it was rejected by the majority of anaesthetists there. They obviously thought that a ward and a pub named after John Snow were sufficient honour.
Temperature-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation with very large distal electrodes.
Authors: J J Langberg, M Gallagher, S A Strickberger, O Amirana
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the size of lesions produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation correlates with the temperature and surface area of the electrode-tissue interface. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ablation using very large distal electrodes (8F, 8 and 12 mm long) with those made by a conventional radiofrequency ablation catheter (distal electrode 8F, 4 mm long). METHODS AND RESULTS Each catheter had a thermistor in the tip of the distal electrode. Radiofrequency energy (500 kHz) was supplied by a generator that continuously monitored temperature and produced up to 100 W. In 10 dogs, each of the three ablation catheters were introduced percutaneously and positioned under fluoroscopic guidance at disparate left ventricular endocardial sites. Radiofrequency power output was titrated to achieve a temperature of 80 degrees C for 60 seconds at each ablation site. The power required to produce a steady-state temperature of 80 degrees C was directly proportional to electrode size (15 +/- 7, 46 +/- 15, and 62 +/- 32 W using the 4-mm-, 8-mm-, and 12-mm-long electrodes, respectively). Lesions produced by the 8-mm electrode were nearly twice as deep (11 +/- 2.4 versus 6 +/- 1.2 mm, P &lt; .001) and four times as large (905 +/- 410 versus 210 +/- 100 mm3, P &lt; .001) as those made with a conventional 4-mm electrode. Lesions produced by the 12-mm electrode were intermediate in size (depth, 8 +/- 1.2 mm; volume, 465 +/- 225 mm3) and sometimes were associated with charring and crater formation. Ablation with the larger electrodes caused a drop in arterial pressure and more ventricular ectopy than ablation using a 4-mm distal electrode. CONCLUSIONS Thermistor-equipped elongated ablation electrodes coupled to high-power outputs can reproducibly produce lesions approximately 1 cm in diameter. This system may prove useful for ablation of ventricular tachycardias in patients with coronary artery disease.
The bus, the purse, and the limb
Authors: Andrew Dearden
Journal: BMJ (2005)

As I was leaving the BMA flat where I had spent Wednesday night, I heard a loud “whoomping” sound. I thought it may have been a crash, but the sound was very loud—a big sound that resonated. As I reached the foyer of the flats, I looked down the road towards BMA House. I saw the bus about 20 metres away.

As I ran over I could see scattered glass and metal fragments. As I got closer still, I could see pieces of material and people's possessions strewn around. I saw a woman's purse. Then I ran past a dismembered …
Augmented α-Adrenergic Constriction of Atherosclerotic Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Dietrich Baumgart, Michael Haude, Günter Görge, Fengqi Liu, Junbo Ge, Claudia Große-Eggebrecht, Raimund Erbel, Gerd Heusch
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Although adrenergic activation plays a major role in the initiation of experimental myocardial ischemia, the significance of alpha-adrenergic coronary constriction in humans has been questioned. The present study assessed the impact of selective alpha-adrenergic receptor activation in patients with normal or atherosclerotic coronary arteries.In 39 patients, coronary blood flow (CBF, mL/min) was determined from combined angiography and Doppler measurements. In 8 patients with normal coronary arteries (group 1) and 9 with single coronary artery stenosis (group 2), doses of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg IC of the alpha1-agonist methoxamine (M) were injected. Identical doses of the alpha2-agonist BHT933 (B) were injected in 8 patients with normal coronary arteries (group 3) and 8 with single stenosis (group 4). In 6 additional patients with single stenosis (group 5), aortocoronary sinus lactate differences were measured in response to M and B. CBF remained unchanged in group 1. In contrast, CBF was decreased dose-dependently in group 2, with a maximum at 10 mg M (39.0+/-9.4 versus 15.2+/-7.0). In groups 3 and 4, CBF was also decreased dose-dependently, with a maximum at 10 mg B (63.3+/-24.8 versus 49. 1+/-27.9 and 41.5+/-19.0 versus 12.7+/-8.0, respectively). In group 5, there was more net lactate production with B than with M (-0. 34+/-0.11 versus -0.04+/-0.09 mmol/L).In normal coronary arteries, alpha1-adrenergic activation does not reduce CBF, whereas alpha2-adrenergic activation reduces CBF by microvascular constriction. Both alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic epicardial and microvascular constriction are augmented by atherosclerosis and can induce myocardial ischemia.
Letter: Trade Union tactics.
Authors: N V Williams
Journal: BMJ (1974)

thidine, and mecamylamine, the patient was given 10 mg of propranolol twice, six hours apart.She had no apparent response to the first dose; however, within two hours of the second dose her pulse rate fell from 120 to 60/min and her blood pressure from 240/120 to 90/50 mm Hg, and she became unresponsive.An intravenous infusion of isoprenaline was required for several hours to restore and maintain pulse rate and blood pressure at noraml levels.Within a day thereafter, without additional medication, the patient's tachycardia and hyper- tension returned.She had no symptomatic or objective response of visceral or peripheral neuropathy to propranolol.Several days later the patient developed bleeding due to "stress" ulceration of the gastric mucosa.While receiving fluid and blood replacement she developed acute congestive heart failure and pulmonary oedema at a time when her blood pressure was low and clinically it was felt her intravascular volume depletion had not been corrected entirely.We interpret these events as indicating that our patient was compensat-ing haemodynamnically for elevated blood pressure (before and during her acute attack) by fl-adrenergic stimulation of cardiac function.This increase in /3-adrenergic activities may have resulted from physiological reflex mechanisms and/or from an influence of acute intermittent porphyria on the sympathetic nervous system.Irn any event the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of endogenous catecholamines appeared essential to cardiovascular homoeostasis, which was adversely and severely affected even by a ma'lll amou-nt of ipropranolol.While propranolol is of benefit in some patients in poriphyric relapsse, it is not with- out risk in oatients with incipient cardiac failure.It may also be of risk in the pro- nounced hypovolaemic states which have been observed in patients with acute inter- mittent porphyria8 in the absence of apparent excessive volume loss.Beta-adrenergic stimulation in some episodes of porphyria may provide haemodynaniic compensation ra:her than being simply a manifestation of acute relapse.-Weare, etc.,
Clinical usefulness of PIVKA-II measured by sensitive enzyme immunoassay and AFP-L3 measured by automated analyzer in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Y.H. Paik, K.H. Han, K.S. Lee, C.Y. Chon, Y.M. Moon, K.R. Lee, H.S. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Differential Type I Interferon-dependent Transgene Silencing of Helper-dependent Adenoviral vs. Adeno-associated Viral Vectors In Vivo
Authors: Masataka Suzuki, Terry K Bertin, Geoffrey L Rogers, Racel G Cela, Irene Zolotukhin, Donna J Palmer, Philip Ng, Roland W Herzog, Brendan Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

We previously dissected the components of the innate immune response to Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) using genetic models, and demonstrated that multiple pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways contribute to this host response to HDAds in vivo. Based on analysis of cytokine expression profiles, type I interferon (IFN) mRNA is induced in host mouse livers at 1 hour post-injection. This type I IFN signaling amplifies cytokine expression in liver independent of the nature of vector DNA sequences after 3 hours post-injection. This type I IFN signaling in response to HDAds administration contributes to transcriptional silencing of both HDAd prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in liver. This silencing occurs early and is mediated by epigenetic modification as shown by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with anti-histone deacetylase (HDAC) and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). In contrast, self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors (scAAVs) showed significantly lower induction of type I IFN mRNA in liver compared to HDAds at both early and late time points. These results show that the type I IFN signaling dependent transgene silencing differs between AAV and HDAd vectors after liver-directed gene transfer. We previously dissected the components of the innate immune response to Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) using genetic models, and demonstrated that multiple pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways contribute to this host response to HDAds in vivo. Based on analysis of cytokine expression profiles, type I interferon (IFN) mRNA is induced in host mouse livers at 1 hour post-injection. This type I IFN signaling amplifies cytokine expression in liver independent of the nature of vector DNA sequences after 3 hours post-injection. This type I IFN signaling in response to HDAds administration contributes to transcriptional silencing of both HDAd prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in liver. This silencing occurs early and is mediated by epigenetic modification as shown by in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with anti-histone deacetylase (HDAC) and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). In contrast, self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors (scAAVs) showed significantly lower induction of type I IFN mRNA in liver compared to HDAds at both early and late time points. These results show that the type I IFN signaling dependent transgene silencing differs between AAV and HDAd vectors after liver-directed gene transfer.
Endorectal Ultrasound in Infectious Colitis May Predict Development of Chronic Colitis
Authors: P. Gast
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

In a previous study, we have shown that rectal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) could be used to differentiate ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease by demonstrating the presence of pathological lymph nodes around the rectum and sigmoid colon which were characteristic of ulcerative colitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the endosonographic features of infectious colitis and their potential clinical relevance.We carried out rectal endosonography in 17 patients with infectious colitis of various etiologies. Wall features and perirectal lymph nodes were documented systematically.In 15 patients no pathological lymph nodes were seen and the EUS wall features were also normal. In two patients where EUS showed pathological lymph nodes, follow-up confirmed ulcerative colitis several weeks later.This preliminary study suggests that, in patients with infectious colitis, EUS may be able to suggest the diagnosis of associated ulcerative colitis; further studies with larger patient numbers are necessary.