tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the human forearm arterial bed of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
Authors: A Calver, J Collier, P Vallance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have an increased mortality and morbidity due to vascular complications. Nitric oxide from the vascular endothelium contributes to the control of normal vascular tone, and endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease. In this study we have examined basal and stimulated nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation in insulin-dependent diabetics and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Drugs were infused locally into the brachial artery and forearm blood flow measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. Noradrenaline and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine produced similar reductions in resting forearm blood flow in healthy controls. However, in the diabetics, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was significantly less effective than noradrenaline. Comparing between groups, the response to NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was also significantly less in the diabetics compared with the healthy controls. The response to sodium nitroprusside was significantly less in the diabetics compared with the healthy controls, whereas the responses to both acetylcholine and verapamil were the same in the two groups. The results provide evidence for an abnormality of basal nitric oxide-mediated dilatation in the forearm arterial bed of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and suggest that the vascular smooth muscle is less sensitive to nitric oxide.
Michael Charles Connell
Authors: Michael Gallant
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant radiologist Northampton General Hospital (b 1917; q Cambridge/Middlesex Hospital, London, 1942; DMR), died from pneumonia complicating diabetes and cerebrovascular disease on 24 February 2006.




Figure 1




Born during the first world war and qualifying during the second, Mike followed his father's example and joined the Royal Navy. During 1943 he was assigned to Atlantic convoy duties, serving on the destroyers HMS Forrester and HMS Manners and being mentioned in dispatches. Shortly afterwards he was diagnosed as having diabetes and was invalided out. At the start of the NHS he was appointed radiologist to Kettering Hospital. In 1957 he moved to Northampton General, later heading the department. Predeceased in 1994 by his wife, Marcia, he leaves two daughters and four grandchildren.
Is justification of animal research necessary?
Authors: T. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Dr Vance 1 is to be commended for his efforts to demythologize the ALRM. His scholarship and analysis, however, are less than adequate. Two examples will have to suffice.   Vance notes that I appeal to what I call  intuitions. Among such  are the considered beliefs that it is wrong to punish the innocent, to cause gratuitous pain, and to deceive another person merely to gain some advantage for oneself or others. Moral intuitions in my view are one way to test moral theories. Given two competing theories, A and B, if B has implications that contradict a large body of our considered moral beliefs, whereas A does not, then we have reason to think that A is a more adequate moral theory than B.  Suppose theory A passes this test. Clearly, it would be a mistake to think that the theory itself is intuited. To
Abstract 726: Targeting the extracellular and intracellular interfaces of CXCR4
Authors: Jason B. Meier, Venkatakrishna R. Jala, Haribabu Bodduluri, John O. Trent
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CXCR4 is a G protein coupled receptor that has multiple critical functions in normal and pathologic physiology that include regulation of the metastatic behavior of mammary carcinoma, and utilization as a coreceptor for infection by T-tropic strains of HIV-1. We have targeted CXCR4 via an interdisciplinary approach including molecular dynamics simulations of partial and fully constitutively active, and inactive forms of CXCR4 performed in a solvated lipid bilayer to reproduce the microenvironment of this integral membrane protein. We have discovered that it is the partially activated form that can interact with the G-protein complex. We have used in silico virtual screening to select possible CXCR4 inhibitors. Two sites were chosen to disrupt CXCR4 function. The extracellular site was targeted to interfere with the natural ligand for CXCR4, SDF-1. The intracellular site was targeted to interfere with the G-protein: CXCR4 interface. The ranked lists of compounds were tested for their ability to alter chemotaxis, an in vitro model for metastasis, and calcium flux, a measure of CXCR4 signaling capability. Several small molecules were found to inhibit these functions of CXCR4. The presented approach combines computational studies with molecular biological data and provides a powerful tool in the search for new inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 726.
Complications in Vascular Surgery
Authors: D. Eugene Strandness
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This second edition provides a timely update on the important problems that arise in the care of patients with vascular disease. As the field of vascular surgery has grown, so has the variety of operative procedures available. At present, there are few lesions, particularly on the arterial side of the circulation, that do not lend themselves to correction. As the specialty has evolved, the ages of the patients have increased; it is not unusual to see major operations done on patients in their 80s. With advancing age, multisystem disease becomes more common, and the potential for complications also increases. The success of any operative approach depends on proper patient selection, satisfactory completion of the procedure, and the management of complications. The recognition and timely treatment of complications usually makes the difference between success and failure. The material covered in this work is extensive and relates to every major organ system.
Parental and Professional Estimates of Self-Care Independence of Children and Adolescents With IDDM
Authors: Tim Wysocki, Patrical A Meinhold, Keith C Abrams, Martha U Barnard, William L Clarke, B Jayne Bellando, Michael J Bourgeois
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To report the results of a survey of 490 parents of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) regarding the children's mastery of 38 diabetes-care skills. Parental responses are contrasted with those of a previous survey in which 229 diabetes professionals estimated ages at which typical children with IDDM master the same skills.Parents were recruited at five pediatric endocrinology clinics with a response rate of 88.9%.For 33 of 38 skills, professionals' median mastery age estimates exceeded, by greater than or equal to 1 yr, the median ages that parents reported skill mastery by their estimates, children. Despite the parent-professional disagreement about mastery-age their survey responses yielded substantial agreement about the order of mastery of specific skills. The data also revealed two profiles of comparative results. For many items, parents reported earlier skill mastery, but parental and professional estimates eventually converged during adolescence. These skills consisted of rote, motoric acts, or more complex tasks for which errors yield relatively certain aversive consequences. For other skills, more professional estimated skill mastery among adolescents than did parents. These skills required substantial organization and self-regulation by the adolescent, involved treatment components for which the aversive consequences of errors are deferred and uncertain, or they were skills infrequently required of most patients with IDDM.The parent-professional discordance revealed by this survey illustrates the importance of clear specification of treatment responsibilities, careful monitoring of self-care competence, and periodic reeducation of children with IDDM.
Abstract 421: Deciphering the molecular mechanisms behind Oct4(hi) tumor-initiating breast cancer cells with global gene expression
Authors: Sarah A. Bliss, Shyam A. Patel, Pranela Rameshwar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer continues to have one of the highest rates of incidence despite advances in detection and treatment. One of the most troubling aspects of the disease is its tendency to recur after apparent curative therapy. The ability of a subset of breast cancer cells to remain undetected for years in the patient only to recur years later is of particular interest to our laboratory. Breast cancer is well known to metastasize to the bone marrow where we believe a favorable niche exists for it to remain dormant. Our lab has shown that a subset of breast cancer cells with increased expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 isoform A (Oct4A) can form gap junctions with bone marrow stroma cells. Gap junction intercellular communication is important for maintaining dormancy in the breast cancer cells. Further characterization of the Oct4(hi) cells found them to be in mostly the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, have increased stem cell gene expression, formed tumor spheres, could initiate breast cancer when serially passaged in nude BALB/c mice, and showed increased resistance to carboplatin. To understand the functional differences between the Oct4(hi) cancer cells and the non-tumor-initiating cells, we compared the different breast cancer cell subsets for global gene expression, using Affymetrix gene arrays. The initial analyses confirmed the quality of samples with expression levels grouping together in the principle component analysis. Heat map analyses indicated distinct gene expression in which those that were expressed in the tumor-initiating cells were decreased in the non-cancer stem cells. The tumor-initiating cells showed novel genes that are linked to NFκB, which we have shown to be the master regulator of self-renewal in the cancer stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 421. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-421
Histidine‐rich glycoprotein as a negative acute phase reactant
Authors: Katsuyasu Saigo, Akinori Yoshida, Ryukichi Ryo, Nobuo Yamaguchi, Lawrence L. K. Leung
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Serum histidine‐rich glycoprotein was determined by the Laurell method in patients with acute inflammation, which negatively correlated with C‐reactive protein ( P &lt; 0.005). In sequential observations, this negative relationship was apparently confirmed. Thus histidine‐rich glycoprotein acts as a negative acute phase reactant.
Changing the Federal Cigarette Excise Tax
Authors: John R. Dykers
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I read with great interest the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION entitled Smoking and Health Implications of a Change in the Federal Cigarette Excise Tax. 1 The author and our colleagues throughout the country should know of an alternate plan for tobacco legislation that I have urged upon Senator Jesse Helms (R, NC), Senator John East (R, NC), North Carolina Governor Jim Martin, North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture Jim Graham, and Congressmen Charles Rose (D, NC) and Bill Cobey (R, NC). The plan is to increase the excise tax to 32 cents a pack, which would raise sufficient revenue in two years to buy up the surplus tobacco and give it to the farmers in a Payment-In-Kind program and sufficient revenue to buy up the tobacco allotments. This would terminate the tobacco support program. These excise tax funds could then be earmarked for Medicare to pay for cigarette-related illnesses.  This
1043-45 Preprocedural statin administration and incidence of creatine-kinase and troponin I elevation after elective percutaneous coronary stent implantation
Authors: Carlo Briguori, Antonio Colombo, Amelia Focaccio, Anna Violante, Pasquale Balestrieri, Bruno Golia, Pierfranco Scarpato, Pietro Paolo Elia, Stefano Lepore, Mariateresa Librera, Flavio Airoldi, Bruno Ricciardelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Radiology of the Alimentary Tract in Infants and Children
Authors: James E. Crowe
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This is the second edition of a book that first appeared in 1959. At that time it represented the only book published in this country devoted entirely to radiology of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract. While it no longer has that distinction, the new edition will probably be more popular than the first. As in the first edition, the illustrations are excellent. The majority of the numerous references relate to articles published during the past ten years. A few of the important older references have been retained. Clear descriptions of the clinical and roentgenographic findings are not surprising in view of the authors' extensive experience in the field. In addition to the usual chapters on the stomach, small bowel, and colon, new chapters have been added on embryology and the radiology of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Contradictory information is given relative to one major topic; in one section the roentgenographic
Characterization of apoptosis-resistant antigen-specific T cells in vivo.
Authors: L Zhang, R G Miller, J Zhang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Clonal deletion via activation-induced apoptosis (AIA) of antigen-specific T cells (ASTC) plays a very important role in the induction of peripheral tolerance. However, none of the studies performed so far has shown a complete deletion of ASTC, a small population always persisting in the periphery. The mechanism by which this small population of ASTC escapes AIA has not been determined. Since the existence of these ASTC may influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases and long-term graft survival, we have characterized the properties of these residual ASTC in vivo with the objective of determining mechanisms that may contribute to their persistence. It was found that the resistance of the residual ASTC to AIA is not due to lack of activation or Fas/Fas-L expression. Compared to those susceptible to AIA, the residual ASTC express a high level of Th2-type cytokines that may help them to escape from AIA. Furthermore, they are able to suppress proliferation of other ASTC, suggesting they may, in fact, prolong tolerance in vivo.
Delivery of Chlamydia pneumoniae to the vessel wall aggravates atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice
Authors: A HAUER, P DEVOS, N PETERSE, H TENCATE, T VANBERKEL, F STASSEN, J KUIPER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

The role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis is still debated. In this study a novel mouse model was applied to determine the direct impact of C. pneumoniae on the arterial wall and the development of atherosclerosis.Direct effects of C. pneumoniae on collar-induced atherosclerosis were studied after local delivery of C. pneumoniae to carotid arteries of LDL receptor-deficient (LDLr-/-) mice.The presence of C. pneumoniae in the vessel wall was quantified by RT-PCR (6.2 x 10(4) copies/artery) and resulted in a 2.0-fold increase in intima/media ratios (p<0.05) and a 1.7-fold increase in stenosis (p<0.05). Immunostaining revealed a 2.98-fold (p<0.01) increased macrophage content and a tendency towards lower numbers of smooth muscle cells and collagen in lesions of infected carotid arteries. Direct delivery of another respiratory pathogen, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, to the carotids did not affect size or composition of the atherosclerotic lesions. Presence of C. pneumoniae in the carotid arteries resulted within 7 days in a marked upregulation of the expression of MCP-1 (p<0.01) and ICAM-1 as determined on mRNA and protein levels. These in vivo data were in line with data obtained with in vitro infections of macrophages and endothelial cells with C. pneumoniae.We conclude that C. pneumoniae in carotid arteries leads to more pronounced atherosclerotic lesions with a more vulnerable morphology and that this model is suitable to monitor direct effects of C. pneumoniae on atherogenesis.
DETERMINATION OF RED-CELL MASS IN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF ANAEMIA IN BABIES NEEDING BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: HeatherM. Phillips, Abdel Abdel-Moiz, J. Gareth Jones, CharlesA.J. Wardrop, BarbaraM. Holland, Suheir Fayed, ThomasL. Turner, Forrester Cockburn
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Finding the right way
Authors: M. Price
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In Isobel Allen's report Doctors and Their Careers: A New Generation, 76% of women doctors and 58% of male doctors said that they had regretted their decision to become doctors at some point in their career. There is obviously an urgent need to develop more realistic career pathways and better career advice, particularly for women. It is economically unsound and cruel to educate people to a high level without thinking through realistic patterns of employment. Consideration should be given to three possible career pathways: the classic steady rise through the ranks with the attainment of current higher degrees, including research degrees; the same progression but with a plateau in the late 20s and early 30s, during which work is less than full time and thus senior status is reached at a later age; and, finally, a less demanding but worthwhile option producing a clinically competent doctor, a valuable member of the team who does not have the extra burden of research and management.

For most men and women without children the current career progression in medicine is appropriate. For some doctors who become mothers and who have excellent domestic support, the conventional career pattern may also be suitable, although problems such as geographical instability in the early years still need addressing. For many, however, the dual …
Risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism in users of progestagens alone
Authors: Catherine Vasilakis, Hershel Jick, Maria del Mar Melero-Montes
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

Overall, there was a modest, non-significant, positive association between exposure to progestagens alone and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There was no effect with progestagens alone used for contraception, whereas there was a substantial association with the higher dose progestagens used for other reasons.
Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to loratadine or antihistamines: A prospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Orna Diav-Citrin, Svetlana Shechtman, Alona Aharonovich, Larisa Moerman, Judy Arnon, Rebecka Wajnberg, Asher Ornoy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Antithrombotic Potential of Polymer-Coated Stents Eluting Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antibody
Authors: Rajesh K. Aggarwal, Deborah C. Ireland, Michael A. Azrin, Michael D. Ezekowitz, David P. de Bono, Anthony H. Gershlick
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Monoclonal anti-rabbit platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antibody (AZ1) was adsorbed onto cellulose polymer–coated intracoronary stents to enhance their thromboresistance. We evaluated the antithrombotic efficacy of AZ1 antibody–eluting stents. Methods and Results Twenty-three polymer-coated stents with AZ1 antibody bound by passive adsorption (AZ1-eluting) were compared with 23 control polymer-coated stents adsorbed with either no antibody (base-polymer, n=12) or isotype-matched irrelevant antibody (anti-CMV–eluting, n=11) by implantation into balloon-damaged, flow-reduced iliac arteries of New Zealand White rabbits. In 13 animals (acute group), flow measurements were made with transit-time flow probes and platelet adhesion was ascertained by use of 111 In-labeled autologous platelets. In the other 10 animals (chronic group), stent occlusion was assessed macroscopically after they were killed 28 days after stenting. Arteries with AZ1-eluting stents had significantly less platelet deposition (15.8±4.5×10 7 ) than either base-polymer (32.1±4.3×10 7 ) or anti-CMV–eluting (35.2±8.8×10 7 ) controls (ANOVA, P &lt;.0001). Compared with base-polymer or anti-CMV–eluting controls, arteries with AZ1-eluting stents showed a marked reduction in cyclic blood flow variation ( P &lt;.0001) and a significantly greater mean blood flow 2 hours after stent deployment ( P &lt;.0001). There was a significant improvement in the patency rate of AZ1-eluting stents compared with controls at both 2 hours (92% versus 46%, P =.034) and 28 days (100% versus 40%, P =.015). Conclusions Platelet GP IIb/IIIa antibody eluting from polymer-coated stents reduces platelet deposition, improves blood flow, virtually abolishes cyclic flow variation, and improves patency rates after stent implantation in a rabbit iliac artery model. Its potential for reducing stent-related thrombosis in humans warrants further evaluation.
THE SURGERY OF ACCESS TO THE PLEURAL CAVITY
Authors: E. R. Flint
Journal: BMJ (1929)

KJDWLOVMA proportion to thle severity of their affection, aind fall inito a clinical grouip called " rheumiiatic taclhyeardia."'There were 6 (3 pci ceint.)such cases in our series.Their character- istic syimptomti is sustainecld rapidity of the heart, which is iiot affected to any extent by treatment, whether this be r'est in the prone position, sedatives, salicylates, or digi- talis.It is possible that the tachycardia is less an in-dication of myocardial involvement than of a derangement of the nervous control of the sino-auricular node, for we have been surprised at the unexpectedly beniigi course of these cases, and, uniless there is evidelee of valvular or iiiyocardial damiage apart from the tachyeardia, we take an o1)timistic view about them.Subsequent damage to the valveslhas not occurred in our cases during the period they iave been under our care, but further observation will be maintained.Incide) cc of Exaii11hemiiata.There was a history of the various exanithenmata in approximately the expected proportion of the childreni.Measles, the most frequent, had occurred in 85 per cent. of 189 children; diphtheria (16 per ceiit. of 190), alnd scarlet fever (15 per cent. of 189).were the least frequent.A history of rlheumatism beginining after attacks of measles, diphtheria, and scarlet fever was obtained in various cases, and though it is possible that in a disease as common as rheumatism coinicidence may be a sufficient explaniation, the debilitating effect of the exaiithemata must niot be over- looked.
STREPTOLYSIN PRODUCTION IN CARBOHYDRATE MEDIA
Authors: F. A. Stevens, S. A. Koser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

It is evident that there are numerous interacting factors which affect streptolysin in the presence of fermented sugars. The principal action is the change in the metabolism of the streptococcus by which more carbohydrate and less protein is utilized; although the growth is much increased there is proportionately less hemolysin. The acid developed in these cultures not only lessens the vitality of the growing organism and so lessens proteolysis, but is destructive to hemolysin at incubator temperature. The concentration of the acid produced causes some hemolysis, and a coincident brown discoloration of the hemoglobin. These principles may be applied to both liquid and solid media.
Violent Patients in the Emergency Room
Authors: JOHN R. LION, GEORGE BACH-Y-RITA, FRANK R. ERVIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

During a nine-month period, the authors saw 45 patients who came to the emergency room of the hospital seeking help in controlling their assaultive and destructive impulses. Some had feelings of global hostility and feared "running amok"; in other cases, the violent urges were focused specifically on another person, usually a wife or close relative. The authors were impressed by the fact that these people came to the hospital voluntarily seeking help; they regard it as one primary goal of therapy to encourage and condition such individuals to return whenever their violent impulses become overwhelming.