tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of costimulatory molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: M Bijl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoantibody production is T cell dependent. For a proper T and B cell interaction, signalling of costimulatory molecules on these cells is necessary. The expression of costimulatory molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with SLE in conjunction with disease activity was measured to evaluate whether expression of costimulatory molecules in SLE is increased. <h3>METHODS</h3> Thirteen patients with SLE with active disease, 10 patients with inactive disease, and 14 controls entered the study. In addition, samples from 10 of the 13 patients with active disease could be studied at a moment of inactive disease as well. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained for the lymphocyte subset markers CD4, CD8, CD19, their respective activation markers CD25, HLA-DR, CD38, and the costimulatory molecules CD40L, CD28, CD40, CD80, and CD86. Expression was measured by flow cytometry. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with SLE showed signs of increased activation at the moment of active disease. Almost all CD4+ T cells expressed CD28, both in patients and in controls. CD80 expression on CD19+ B cells was low in both groups and did not correlate with disease activity. In contrast, the percentage of CD19+ B cells expressing CD86 was increased in patients with SLE even in patients with inactive disease (p=0.04) and correlated with the SLEDAI score (p=0.0005) and levels of anti-dsDNA (p=0.006). No changes in CD40 or CD40L expression were found in the patients with SLE. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> In patients with SLE the expression of CD86 on CD19+ B cells is increased and is associated with disease activity, B cell activation, and levels of anti-dsDNA. The increased CD86 expression will render (autoreactive) B cells more susceptible for T cells. This can facilitate autoantibody production and might be a target for immunosuppressive treatments.
Abstract 2219: The European Paediatric Oncology off-patent medicines Consortium (EPOC) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of doxorubicin.
Authors: Alan V. Boddy, Alison J. Steel, Joachim Boos, Miriam Krischke, Nicolas Andre, Gianni Bisogno, Georg Hempel, Gerlind Bode, Maurizio D'Incalci, Nina Kontny
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Doxorubicin is a key component of a number of treatment regimens used in paediatric oncology despite the very limited pharmacology data on which current dosing regimens are based. In recognition of this, doxorubicin was included on the EMA priority list for paediatric off-patent medicines for which more information was required, particularly on pharmacokinetics. Methods: The EPOC consortium, with collaborators in the UK, France, Germany and Italy, performs paediatric oncology pharmacology clinical trials. This study is a multicentre, multinational phase II pharmacokinetic study investigating age-dependency in the clearance of doxorubicin in children with solid tumours and leukaemia. All patients are being treated according to a tumour-specific national or European therapeutic trial. The aim was to recruit 100 patients, with a particular focus on children less than 3 years. The plasma levels of markers such as troponin T, are being measured to evaluate their use as clinical markers for cardiotoxicity. Data is being analysed using a population pharmacokinetic approach and the impact of pharmacogenetics is being investigated. Results: The study has been open to recruitment in 20 clinical centres across the four participating countries. The target 100 patients have been recruited from all the contributing study protocols, with 26 patients less than 3 years. Of these 26 patients, 5 patients are less than 1 year. An interim pharmacokinetic analysis has been performed on the data from the first 31 patients. The results of the analysis are consistent with the primary aims of the overall study. Conclusion: The data generated during this study should provide comparative data on the age-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of doxorubicin. The results will contribute to optimising the safe use of doxorubicin in children with cancer. Acknowledgements: Study funded under the seventh framework programme of the European Commission (FP7) Citation Format: Alan V. Boddy, Alison J. Steel, Joachim Boos, Miriam Krischke, Nicolas Andre, Gianni Bisogno, Georg Hempel, Gerlind Bode, Maurizio D'Incalci, Nina Kontny. The European Paediatric Oncology off-patent medicines Consortium (EPOC) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of doxorubicin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2219
Bayesian Estimation of Species Divergence Times Under a Molecular Clock Using Multiple Fossil Calibrations with Soft Bounds
Authors: Ziheng Yang, Bruce Rannala
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

We implement a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for estimating species divergence times that uses heterogeneous data from multiple gene loci and accommodates multiple fossil calibration nodes. A birth-death process with species sampling is used to specify a prior for divergence times, which allows easy assessment of the effects of that prior on posterior time estimates. We propose a new approach for specifying calibration points on the phylogeny, which allows the use of arbitrary and flexible statistical distributions to describe uncertainties in fossil dates. In particular, we use soft bounds, so that the probability that the true divergence time is outside the bounds is small but nonzero. A strict molecular clock is assumed in the current implementation, although this assumption may be relaxed. We apply our new algorithm to two data sets concerning divergences of several primate species, to examine the effects of the substitution model and of the prior for divergence times on Bayesian time estimation. We also conduct computer simulation to examine the differences between soft and hard bounds. We demonstrate that divergence time estimation is intrinsically hampered by uncertainties in fossil calibrations, and the error in Bayesian time estimates will not go to zero with increased amounts of sequence data. Our analyses of both real and simulated data demonstrate potentially large differences between divergence time estimates obtained using soft versus hard bounds and a general superiority of soft bounds. Our main findings are as follows. (1) When the fossils are consistent with each other and with the molecular data, and the posterior time estimates are well within the prior bounds, soft and hard bounds produce similar results. (2) When the fossils are in conflict with each other or with the molecules, soft and hard bounds behave very differently; soft bounds allow sequence data to correct poor calibrations, while poor hard bounds are impossible to overcome by any amount of data. (3) Soft bounds eliminate the need for "safe" but unrealistically high upper bounds, which may bias posterior time estimates. (4) Soft bounds allow more reliable assessment of estimation errors, while hard bounds generate misleadingly high precisions when fossils and molecules are in conflict.
Crohn disease–associated adherent-invasive E. coli bacteria target mouse and human Peyer’s patches via long polar fimbriae
Authors: Benoit Chassaing, Nathalie Rolhion, Amélie de Vallée, Sa’ad Y. Salim, Maelle Prorok-Hamon, Christel Neut, Barry J. Campbell, Johan D. Söderholm, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Crohn disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease in which an abnormal immune response in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to chronic inflammation. The small intestine, particularly the ileum, of patients with CD is colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC)--a pathogenic group of E. coli able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. As the earliest inflammatory lesions are microscopic erosions of the epithelium lining the Peyer's patches (PPs), we investigated the ability of AIEC bacteria to interact with PPs and the virulence factors involved. We found that AIEC bacteria could interact with mouse and human PPs via long polar fimbriae (LPF). An LPF-negative AIEC mutant was highly impaired in its ability to interact with mouse and human PPs and to translocate across monolayers of M cells, specialized epithelial cells at the surface of PPs. The prevalence of AIEC strains harboring the lpf operon was markedly higher in CD patients compared with controls. In addition, increased numbers of AIEC, but not LPF-deficient AIEC, bacteria were found interacting with PPs from Nod2(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, we have identified LPF as a key factor for AIEC to target PPs. This could be the missing link between AIEC colonization and the presence of early lesions in the PPs of CD patients.
Isolation and Transplantation of Autologous Circulating Endothelial Cells Into Denuded Vessels and Prosthetic Grafts
Authors: Daniel P. Griese, Afshin Ehsan, Luis G. Melo, Deling Kong, Lunan Zhang, Michael J. Mann, Richard E. Pratt, Richard C. Mulligan, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Blood-borne endothelial cells originating from adult bone marrow were reported previously. These cells have the properties of an endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and can be mobilized by cytokines and recruited to sites of neovascularization, where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells. Current protocols for isolation of EPCs from peripheral blood rely on enrichment and selection of CD34+ mononuclear cells.In this report, we describe a streamlined method for the isolation and expansion of EPCs from peripheral blood and evaluate their therapeutic potential for autologous cell-based therapy of injured blood vessels and prosthetic grafts. A subset of unfractionated mononuclear cells exhibited the potential to differentiate in vitro into endothelial cells under selective growth conditions. The cells were efficiently transduced ex vivo by a retroviral vector expressing the LacZ reporter gene and could be expanded to yield sufficient numbers for therapeutic applications. Transplantation of these cells into balloon-injured carotid arteries and into bioprosthetic grafts in rabbits led to rapid endothelialization of the denuded vessels and graft segments, resulting in significant reduction in neointima deposition.We conclude that transplantation of EPCs may play a crucial role in reestablishing endothelial integrity in injured vessels, thereby inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia. These findings may have implications for novel and practical cell-based therapies for vascular disease.
CITY DISPENSARY: CASE OF HEART-DISEASE
Authors: J. Cockle
Journal: BMJ (1856)

ASSOrATION MDICAL JOUNAL [(APL 12, Iee.tha was the retention of a sufficient quantity of urine in the bladder to make it safe or indeed eay to seize the ane d to crush it without danger of implicating the ucous8 membrane.This inconvenience, however, Mr. Erichsen had obviated by tilting the pelvis backwards, and by compressing the urethra against the instrument.Mr. Erichsen had found the ordinary male lithotrite a vey awkward and unhandy instrumnent for manipulation in the female bladder, the shaft being too long.He had accordingly had constructed a female lithotrite, about three ci four inches shorter than the ordinary male instrument, which possessed the advantage of being less unwieldy.In the case just related, however, Mr. Erichsen used a strong though small pair of forceps for the purpose of rushing the stone; and he found that with them the operation of lithotrity was more conveniently done than with any form of lithotrite.He has accordingly had con- structed, and showed to the class, a very strong pair of crushing forceps, narrow in the blade, well toothed, and ac- curately adjusted, the blades of which are approximated by the action of a powerful screw.This instrument, the blades of which can be introduced into the female bladder with a very trifling degree of dilatation of the urethra, is as handy in its use as an ordinary lithotomy forceps, and at the same time sufficiently powerful to crusB any moderate sized calculus, such as is usually mnet with in the female bladder.This instrument, when made proportionately large and strong, and fitted with a wedge-shaped cutting- tooth inside one of its blades, might be used as a crusher in those cases of lithotomy in which the stone is found to be too large to be extracted through the incisions in the perinseum.CITY DISPENSARY.
830-6 Relationship between embolic material retrieval and adverse events with different distal protection devices during saphenous vein graft stenting
Authors: Giora Weisz, Campbell Rogers, James Hermiller, Robert Feldman, Patrick Hall, Robert Haber, Zaki Masud, Patric Cambier, Ronald P Caputo, Mark Turco, Richard Kovach, Bruce Brodie, Howard C Hermann, David A Cox, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
DISTURBED REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION FOLLOWING SECTION OF THE PORTAL VEIN
Authors: Charles Huggins, Ryohei Okamoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Integrity of the portal vein is a condition for normal function of the reproductive tract in female rats. Section of the portal vein (PVS) always abolished periodic sexual function. In a series of 23 animals, 6 developed continuous estrus and other signs of the presence of excessive amounts of estrogenic hormones; yet the ovaries of these rats were small. In 6 other rats there was growth of the prostate and additional evidence of increased activity of androgenic hormones. Many rats failed to become pregnant and nearly all pregnant rats aborted. Except for a decrease in lipid content, the composition of the liver of PVS rats resembled that of intact mates in the criteria which were applied. The rapid passage of blood through the liver is necessary to conjugate the excessive amounts of steroids which the rat ovary normally produces and an intact portal vein is an essential unit in the mechanism necessary for their partial inactivation.
New method of expressing survival in cancer is popular
Authors: J. S Vaidya, I. Mittra
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—We are delighted that our method of calculating the “normal remaining life” to express survival in cancer aroused so much interest, and we would like to respond to some of the issues raised in letters.1 Tan suggests that the life expectancy figures that we used represent the median survival for a population cohort.2 This is untrue. We used cumulative …
Discoidin domain receptor 1 contributes to eosinophil survival in an NF-κB–dependent manner in Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: Wataru Matsuyama, Hideo Mitsuyama, Mikiko Ono, Yuko Shirahama, Ikkou Higashimoto, Mituhiro Osame, Kimiyoshi Arimura
Journal: Blood (2006)
Reversible Hypercalcemia in Masculinizing Hypernephroid Tumor of the Ovary
Authors: Jacob Abouav, Stanley B. Berkowitz, Felix O. Kolb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

Hypercalcemia has been recognized as an important complication in patients with neoplastic disease. In a group of patients with miscellaneous cancers, excluding multiple myeloma, studied by Myers,1 8.9 per cent were shown to have had hypercalcemia at one time or another in the course of the disease. This metabolic disturbance may result in rapid deterioration, unexplained mental symptoms or sudden death in such patients.2 Hypercalcemia in malignant lesions with metastases to bone has been well documented. However, lately, this complication has been reported in cases such as carcinoma of the lung, kidney or ovary, without any evidence of metastases to . . .
939. Adenovirus-Mediated TA-p73β Gene Transfer Leads to Chemosensitization of Human Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Sebastian Tuve, Tomas Racek, Annett Niemetz, Julia Schultz, Maria S. Soengas, Brigitte M. Pützer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and has proven to be highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Intriguingly, the p53 tumor suppressor, a main mediator of chemoresistance in other tumor types, is rarely mutated in melanoma. However, we have previously shown that anti-apoptotic isoforms of p73 (ΔTA-p73), another member of the p53 family, are overexpressed in metastatic melanomas. ΔTA-p73 can oppose the pro-apoptotic functions of p53 and full length p73, and thus it could contribute to melanoma chemoresistance. In this study, we used an efficient adenoviral-based gene transfer approach to introduce a transcriptionally active form of p73 (TA-p73β) in melanoma cells, with the objective of overcoming drug resistance. Interestingly, TA-p73β significantly sensitized 5 out of 7 aggressive melanoma cell lines to the standard therapeutic agents adriamycin and cisplatin. More importantly, TA-p73β displayed a synergistic effect in vivo allowing adriamycin or cisplatin to block melanoma cell growth in mouse xenograft models (p<0.05). In summary, our data show that Ad-mediated TA-p73β gene expression can markedly sensitize a subset of melanoma cell lines to adriamycin and cisplatin in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a new chemosensitization strategy for malignant melanomas. This work was supported by grant 10-1934-Pü3 from the Deutsche Krebshilfe, Dr. Mildred Scheel Stiftung and the University of Rostock (FORUN).
Cardiac Output and Central Volume as Determined by Dye Dilution Curves
Authors: ALBERT A. KATTUS, ARTHUR U. RIVIN, AARON COHEN, GILBERT S. SOFIO
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Dye dilution curves determined by the method of Hamilton have been obtained from a series of normal subjects and from a group of patients with various types of cardiovascular disorders. Cardiac indices calculated from these curves revealed expected values. Central volume, believed to be an index of pulmonary blood volume, was calculated from the slopes of the down strokes of the curves. Central volume indices in normal subjects averaged 0.590 liters. Central volume in patients with heart disease was frequently normal or less than normal. Only cor pulmonale patients with high output had central volumes significantly greater than normal.
Promoting the Participation of Minorities in Research
Authors: Mandy Garber, Robert M. Arnold
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

The current policy of the National Institute of Health designed to increase the participation of women and minorities is radically different from previous policies designed to protect minorities from abuses in research studies. The principal arguments to support this policy are twofold: 1) Increased representation of minorities and women in research would increase the generalizability of research data and allow for valid analyses of differences in subpopulations; and 2) being in a clinical research study is advantageous to participants regardless of the final research study results. It remains unclear whether minorities find these arguments compelling. Instead of telling minorities that participation in research is good for them, the research community should focus on understanding what minority communities want from clinical research and then tailoring the message to meet this need. Persuasive arguments to promote long-term increased representation of minorities in clinical research must come from within minority communities.
Questionnaire survey of advice given to patients with fractures
Authors: B. Pal
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorial by Doube 

Osteoporosis, which contributes to some 150 000 fractures annually, cost the NHS £750 million in 1994,1 and current estimates exceed this figure. Department of Health guidelines on osteoporosis published in November 19941 recommend an aggressive approach, even in patients with established osteoporosis. Guidelines from the Royal College of Physicians also exist with regard to aspects of rehabilitation in fracture management.2 What advice (relating especially to rehabilitation as well as assessment and treatment of osteoporosis) patients with fractured hip and vertebrae actually receive is not known.

Names and addresses of 96 patients with recent fractures were obtained (in the latter part of 1996) from 56 hospital based orthopaedic surgeons in the Greater Manchester area (out of 70 contacted) who each selected up to two patients at random; 14 further names were obtained through announcements in the local evening newspaper. A detailed questionnaire seeking information on advice …
Adriamycin-Radiotherapy Interaction
Authors: JACOB BITRAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Adriamycin-Radiotherapy InteractionJACOB BITRAN, M.D., RICHARD K. DESSER, M.D., THOMAS R. DEMEESTER, M.D., HARVEY M. GOLOMB, M.D.JACOB BITRAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD K. DESSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS R. DEMEESTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HARVEY M. GOLOMB, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-117_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: My colleagues and I read with interest the report of Greco and associates (1) on the adverse reactions caused by the simultaneous administration of adriamycin [doxorubicin] and radiation for the treatment of oat cell carcinoma of the lung.We have used a similar regimen for oat cell carcinoma (University of Chicago Lung Cancer Protocol OBC-2): cyclophosphamide, 1 g/m2, Day 1; adriamycin, 40 mg/m2, Day 1; methotrexate, 180 mg/m2, Day 21; followed 24 h later, on Day 22, by calcium leucovorin rescue, 150 mg/m2in four divided doses. Radiation therapy, rather than being administered concurrently with chemotherapy, is...References1. GRECO F, BRERETON H, and KENT H: Adriamycin and enhanced radiation reaction in normal esophagus and skin. Ann Intern Med 85:294-298, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. JOHNSON R, BRERETON H, and KENT C: Small cell carcinoma of the lung: attempt to remedy causes of a therapeutic failure. Lancet 2:289-291, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. EGAN R, MAURER L, and FORCIER R: Small cell carcinoma of the lung: staging, paraneoplastic syndrome, treatment and survival. Cancer 33:527-532, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NIXON D, CAREY R, and SUIT H: Combination chemotherapy in oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 36:867-872, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. BITRAN J, GOLOMB H, and DESSER R: Prolonged survival of patients with extensive oat cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate. Cancer Treat Rev 60:221-223, 1976 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JACOB BITRAN, M.D.; RICHARD K. DESSER, M.D.; THOMAS R. DEMEESTER, M.D.; HARVEY M. GOLOMB, M.D.Affiliations: Section of Hematology/Oncology The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEsophageal complications from combined chemoradiotherapy (cyclophosphamide + adriamycin + cisplatin + xrt) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancerBronchogenic carcinoma located in the aortic window 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 117-117KeywordsAdverse reactionsCalciumChemotherapyCyclophosphamideLung and intrathoracic tumorsMethotrexateRadiation therapyRespiratory system proceduresSmall cell lung cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...