tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutations and Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
Authors: Pierre Laurent-Puig, Astrid Lievre, Hélène Blons
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Novel therapeutic agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have improved outcomes for a subgroup of patients with colorectal, lung, head and neck, and pancreatic cancers. In these tumors, the EGFR activation turns on at least five different signaling pathways (RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and SRC/FAK pathways), which are intimately interconnected, and frequent mutations involving either the receptor itself or downstream effectors have been found. Up to now, it seems that alterations at the EGFR level has major importance in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor response, whereas modifications of downstream effectors could lead to treatment resistance. Furthermore, our understanding of the mechanism of the EGFR network activation provides new hypotheses on potential new anticancer drugs that may be effective.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus in Homosexual Men
Authors: Rachel E. Solomon, Richard A. Kaslow, John P. Phair, David Lyter, Barbara Visscher, David Lyman, Mark T. Vanraden, John Gerin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus antibodies was determined in four cohorts of homosexual or bisexual men positive for hepatitis B surface antigen who were evaluated between April 1984 and April 1985. Antibodies to hepatitis delta virus were found in 16 of 106 men in Los Angeles (15.1%; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 8.3% to 21.9%); 6 of 64 men in San Francisco (9.4%; 95% CI, 3.5% to 19.3%); 1 of 76 men in Pittsburgh (1.3%; 95% CI, 0.03% to 7.1%); and 0 of 52 men in Chicago (0%; 95% CI, 0% to 5.6%). From 44.0% to 65.4% of men negative for hepatitis delta virus and all men positive for hepatitis delta virus but one (P < 0.0001) were positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In multivariate analysis, infection with hepatitis delta virus was associated with intravenous drug use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.7, P < 0.01), with sexual activity as measured by number of partners (adjusted OR = 8.4, P < 0.01), and probably with rectal trauma (adjusted OR = 3.9, P = 0.17). As with HIV infection, prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in homosexual men differs by location and is most likely transmitted both sexually and parenterally.
Magic Cancer Bullet: How a Tiny Orange Pill Is Rewriting Medical History
Authors: A. S. Relman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Promoting the health of the population
Authors: M. C. Watson, J. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The BMA is right to urge a prospective government to prioritise public health.1 Urgent action is needed in key areas including smoking, obesity, and mental health. However, individual topics should not be promoted in isolation.2 What we need is a long term strategic approach that also confronts the ubiquitous problem of inequalities. A new comprehensive strategy is …
The clinical significance of concurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria in patients with S. aureus bacteremia
Authors: Seong-Ho Choi, Sang-Oh Lee, Jae-Phil Choi, Seung Kwan Lim, Jin-Won Chung, Sang-Ho Choi, Jin-Yong Jeong, Jun Hee Woo, Yang Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Hidetaka Noma, Ikuo Sakamoto, Hideki Mochizuki, Hidetoshi Tsukamoto, Atsushi Minamoto, Hideharu Funatsu, Hidetoshi Yamashita, Shigeo Nakamura, Ken Kiriyama, Hidemi Kurihara, Hiromu K. Mishima
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Recently, various studies have reported that periodontal disease adversely affects diabetes (1). The control of periodontal disease in elderly individuals has been reported to improve the control of blood glucose (2). Severe periodontal disease is associated with elevated blood lipopolysaccharide levels as a result of periodontogenic bacteria, which induce higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (3,4). Control of periodontal disease is now considered not only a dental problem but also an issue affecting the patient’s overall quality of life. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (5), while the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and periodontal disease remains unclear. We …
Intense Octreotide Activity in a Thrombus
Authors: Sabah Servaes, Ghassan El-Haddad, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Octreotide is an established imaging modality in the evaluation of a variety of neuroendocrine tumors because they are somatostatin-receptor rich. However, somatostatin receptors are not neuroendocrine tumor-specific, and these receptors are also expressed in different types of inflammatory cells. Therefore, significant octreotide activity can accumulate in the sites of some inflammation or infection. Here, we present a case of intense octreotide activity in the mediastinum caused by thrombus in a 19-year-old woman who was evaluated for hepatic carcinoid.
Regulator warns privately run NHS hospital over standards of care
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The United Kingdom’s only privately run NHS hospital has been warned over poor standards of care by the healthcare regulator the Care Quality Commission (CQC).

Managers at Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust in Cambridgeshire, which is run by Circle Health, have been urged to tackle “poor care provided to patients” ahead of the publication of a full report of a recent CQC inspection of the trust. Hinchingbrooke became the first UK hospital to be taken over by a private company when Circle was awarded a 10 year franchise to run the trust in 2012.1

After the inspection a letter from the regulator to the trust’s chief executive, Hisham Abdel-Rahman, obtained through a leak to …
Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome.
Authors: D N Maisey, S A Olczak
Journal: BMJ (1981)

is not simply an exercise effect is indicated by similar responses at rest in the laboratory setting.Although the laboratory procedures were not presented in a random order they were interrupted by rest periods, particularly before the discotheque when refreshments were served.We do not claim to provide a definitive basis for advice to epileptic children regarding the safety of their attending discotheques, but rather question the tendency to advise them to avoid discotheques.Furthermore, we suggest that some laboratory procedures might be helpful in advising an individual patient.
Exome sequencing of serous endometrial tumors identifies recurrent somatic mutations in chromatin-remodeling and ubiquitin ligase complex genes
Authors: Matthieu Le Gallo, Andrea J O'Hara, Meghan L Rudd, Mary Ellen Urick, Nancy F Hansen, Nigel J O'Neil, Jessica C Price, Suiyuan Zhang, Bryant M England, Andrew K Godwin, Dennis C Sgroi, Philip Hieter, James C Mullikin, Maria J Merino, Daphne W Bell
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Obese men can regain sexual function by losing weight and exercising
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

the power to take treatment decisions on behalf of mentally incompetent adults.Under current law, the courts can merely make declarations that doctors would not be acting unlawfully in providing, withholding, or withdrawing treatment in a patient's best interests.Patients will be assumed to have mental capacity unless it can be proved otherwise.The bill sets out the tests for determining capacity, which must be judged in terms of the particular decision to be taken.Advance directives or living wills are already enforceable at common law, but the measures in the bill will give greater certainty to doctors in deciding whether they are bound to act on them.(See p 1510.)
Roentgenographic Methods for the Anatomic Diagnosis of Emphysema
Authors: P.C. PRATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorial Notes1 July 1970Roentgenographic Methods for the Anatomic Diagnosis of EmphysemaP.C. PRATT, M.D., K.H. KILLBURN, M.D.P.C. PRATT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K.H. KILLBURN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-134 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe use of physiological tests to differentiate the varieties of chronic pulmonary disease has created more confusion and controversy than it has dispelled. Because these diseases are structurally distinct, anatomic characterization is logical and practical for postmortem studies. Anatomic studies in living subjects almost always use roentgenographic methods. However, methods using routine inspiratory posteroanterior chest roentgenograms have been useful thus far only to recognize emphysema, not to distinguish between types (1).Nakamura and colleagues (2) have proposed a radiographic procedure called selective alveolo-bronchography to differentiate the types of emphysema during life. The procedure has two distinctive features. First, a contrast...References1. SUTINENCHRISTOFORIDISKLUGH SAG: Roentgenographic criteria for the recognition of nonsymptomatic pulmonary emphysema. Amer Rev Resp Dis 91:69-76, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. NAKAMURATAKIYAWATAKISHIMA TTT: Selective alveolo-bronchography in chronic pulmonary emphysema. Tohoku J Exp Med 99:207-223, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NELSONCHRISTOFORIDISPRATT SAP: Further experience with barium sulfate as a bronchographic contrast medium. Amer J Roentgenol 92:595-614, 1964 Google Scholar4. MORLEY A: Pulmonary reaction to hytrast. Thorax 24:353-358, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. NADELWOLFEGRAFF JWP: Powdered tantalum as a medium for bronchography in dog and human lungs. Invest Radiol 3:229-238, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. NADEL J: Personal communication Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathology and Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham, N.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 134-135KeywordsEmphysemaPulmonary diseasesThorax Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Role for Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Airway Remodeling in a Mouse Asthma Model
Authors: WILLIAM R. HENDERSON, LI-OU TANG, SHI-JYE CHU, SHIH-MING TSAO, GERTRUDE K. S. CHIANG, FALAAH JONES, MECHTHILD JONAS, CHONG PAE, HUAIJING WANG, EMIL Y. CHI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Airway inflammation and remodeling in chronic asthma are characterized by airway eosinophilia, hyperplasia of goblet cells and smooth muscle, and subepithelial fibrosis. We examined the role of leukotrienes in a mouse model of allergen-induced chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis. BALB/c mice, after intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization on Days 0 and 14, received intranasal OVA periodically Days 14–75. The OVA-treated mice developed an extensive eosinophil and mononuclear cell inflammatory response, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus occlusion of the airways. A striking feature of this inflammatory response was the widespread deposition of collagen beneath the airway epithelial cell layer and also in the lung interstitium in the sites of leukocytic infiltration that was not observed in the saline-treated controls. The cysteinyl leukotriene1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonist montelukast significantly reduced the airway eosinophil infiltration, mucus plugging, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and subepithelial fibrosis in the OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. The presence of Charcot-Leyden–like crystals in airway macrophages and the increased interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 mRNA expression in lung tissue and protein in BAL fluid seen in OVA-treated mice were also inhibited by CysLT1 receptor blockade. These data suggest an important role for cysteinyl leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of chronic allergic airway inflammation with fibrosis.
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as a Predictor of Suicidal Behavior in Depressed Adolescents
Authors: David Brent
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Conventional wisdom has viewed suicidal behavior as much more ominous than nonsuicidal self-injury.The thoughtful and clearly written article in this issue by Wilkinson and colleagues (1) from the Adolescent Depression Antidepressants and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT) should make us view nonsuicidal self-injury more seriously, as it was a stronger predictor of future suicidal behavior than was a previous history of a suicide attempt.While this may be surprising, it is not an isolated finding.Previous studies have found that nonsuicidal self-injury predicts persistence of suicidal ideation and that these two types of self-destructive behaviors are highly associated, especially in clinical populations (2).There are at least three possible explanations for this relationship: nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior are on the same spectrum of self-destructive behavior; nonsuicidal selfinjury and suicidal behavior have similar correlates; or engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury somehow predisposes to suicidal behavior.
Optical Imaging of Cardiac Reporter Gene Expression in Living Rats
Authors: Joseph C. Wu, Masayuki Inubushi, Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Studies of cardiac gene transfer rely on postmortem analysis using histologic staining or enzyme assays. Noninvasive imaging of the temporal and spatial characteristics of cardiac gene expression in the same subject offers significant advantages. Methods and Results — Rats underwent direct myocardial injection via left thoracotomy with adenovirus-expressing firefly luciferase (Ad-CMV-Fluc; n=30). The reporter substrate d -luciferin was injected intraperitoneally. Serial images were acquired by use of a cooled charged couple detector (CCD) camera. Results are expressed as relative light unit per minute (RLU/min). Rats transduced with 1×10 9 plaque-forming units show decremental cardiac luciferase activity over time: 152 070±21 170 (day 2), 195 806±62 630 (day 5), 7250±2941 (day 8), and 2040±971 RLU/min (day 14). To assess the detection sensitivity, serially diluted titers of Ad-CMV-Fluc were injected: 1×10 9 (195 393±14 896), 1×10 8 (33 777±18 179), 1×10 7 (417±91), 1×10 6 (185±64), 1×10 5 (53±1), and control (54±1) ( P &lt;0.05 for 1×10 9 , 1×10 8 , and 1×10 7 plaque-forming units versus control adenovirus-expressing mutant thymidine kinase [Ad-CMV-HSV1-sr39tk]; n=3). Finally, rats were euthanized, and in vitro luciferase activity correlated with in vivo CCD signals ( r 2 =0.92). Conclusions — This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of imaging the location, magnitude, and time course of cardiac reporter gene expression in living rats. Cardiac gene therapy studies could be aided with wider application of this approach.
Inadequacy of remote desktop interface for independent reanalysis of data from drug trials
Authors: J. N. Jureidini, J. M. Nardo
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We write on behalf of a team that has taken on the task of rewriting GlaxoSmithKline’s Study 329 of paroxetine in adolescents under the RIAT (restoring invisible and abandoned trials) project.1 2

GSK granted our RIAT team access to the data from the Paxil Study 329 to do an independent reanalysis, and we’ve now had months of experience working with their “remote desktop” interface as a portal to their information. It is a single windowed multiple document interface, totally self contained, which cannot be accessed by software other than that provided inside the window. Multiple passwords are needed multiple times for access, and some …
Therapeutic Radiology: Rationale, Technique, Results
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The author has completely revised and brought up to date this unique and practical volume on radiation therapy, which critically appraises and illustrates the indications for conventional and supervoltage radiation therapy, and its limitations. Prior to the discussion of therapy for cancers of individual organs, the author emphasizes the effects of radiation on normal tissues. The book presents rationale, technique, and results, and offers a well-balanced introduction to the problems in therapeutic radiology, as well as an analysis of the treatment techniques. Because of the increased availability of megavoltage and telecobalt equipment, the volume has been rewritten in order to justify changes in techniques. Additional material has been added, especially with regard to the combinations of radiation therapy and surgery, and of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The quality of this new edition is a tribute to Dr. Moss's broad background, and to his ability to discuss dispassionately the merits and
TUBE FEEDING FATALITIES
Authors: Bernard C. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The all too frequent occurrence of death from faulty nasal tube feeding in hospitals for the mentally ill presents a serious problem. These accidents are usually caused by the pouring of food or water into the trachea, resulting either in sudden death or in a gangrenous pneumonia which is usually fatal. Occasionally death may be caused by trauma to the larynx. Obviously such fatalities are reprehensible, nor can they be satisfactorily explained to the relatives of the victim, since they are usually the result of carelessness or of faulty technic. The ease of performing nasal gavage serves as a cloak to the real hazards of this procedure, which is potentially far more dangerous than the dramatic convulsion of shock therapy. Hence it is disturbing to find that in many institutions tube feeding is performed by nurses and attendants whose knowledge of the anatomy of the pharynx and larynx is often
Clinical Assessment of Function among Women with a Recent Cerebrovascular Event: A Self-Reported versus Performance-Based Measure
Authors: Pamela L. Owens, Elizabeth H. Bradley, Sarah M. Horwitz, Catherine M. Viscoli, Walter N. Kernan, Lawrence M. Brass, Philip M. Sarrel, Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Self-reported functional status is a commonly used health measure in clinical settings, yet the optimal approach for assessing function is often debated. Objective: To examine the agreement between a self-reported and a performance-based measure of function and the relative ability of each measure to predict long-term health outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 20 hospitals in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Participants: 620 postmenopausal women (46 to 91 years of age) who had experienced a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Measurements: A self-reported and a performance-based measure of function were assessed at baseline (before intervention) by using the Barthel index and the Physical Performance Test. Results: Disagreement between the self-reported and performance-based measure of function was common (slight disagreement, 55.0%; substantial disagreement, 19.3%). Most women (95.4%) overreported their level of function. Women who were more clinically impaired (risk ratio [RR] for more comorbid conditions, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.17 to 1.97]; RR for recent stroke, 2.33 [CI, 1.45 to 3.73]; and RR for cognitive impairment, 1.76 [CI, 1.34 to 2.32]); who were less educated (RR = 1.30 [CI, 1.02 to 1.67]); and who were of nonwhite ethnicity (RR 1.43 [CI, 1.07 to 1.91]) were more likely to overreport their level of function. An impaired performance-based measure of function predicted subsequent stroke or death (hazard ratio, 1.50, [CI, 1.06 to 2.11]); however, an impaired self-reported measure of function was not likely to predict these outcomes. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that results of self-reported and performance-based measures of function can differ in women who have experienced a recent cerebrovascular event. Although more difficult to collect, results of a performance-based measure may provide information about long-term health outcomes that is not available from a self-reported measure.
TRANSFIXION AND IMPALEMENT INJURIES
Authors: W. F. Brook
Journal: BMJ (1921)

MANY workers have recorded favourable results from tlle vaccine treatment of astlhma, especially in the bronclhial type of tlle disease.During my last seven years in India 1 used the method extensively in Bengal, wlhere asthma is so common and difficult to treat, and I lhave already recorded favourable results in 13 cases1 from tlle use of autogenous streptococcal vaccines made fromi cultures from tlle sputum.Since that time I lhave treated, and followed up by correspondence as far as possible, a furthler larger number of cases, and am now able to record a second series :f 40 cas2s.As it would be tediotus to describe them in letail, I have classified them to bring out the degree of aenefit and the duration.of the effects obtained.'T'lie metllod consists simrply in makifig cultures from blie sputum, preferably that obtained during or soon after
An evaluation of the importance of gastric acid secretion in the absorption of dietary calcium.
Authors: G W Bo-Linn, G R Davis, D J Buddrus, S G Morawski, C Santa Ana, J S Fordtran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Since calcium solubility is a prerequisite to calcium absorption, and since solubility of calcium is highly pH-dependent, it has been generally assumed that gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity play an important role in the intestinal absorption of calcium from ingested food or calcium salts such as CaCO3. To evaluate this hypothesis, we developed a method wherein net gastrointestinal absorption of calcium can be measured after ingestion of a single meal. A large dose of cimetidine, which markedly reduced gastric acid secretion, had no effect on calcium absorption in normal subjects, and an achlorhydric patient with pernicious anemia absorbed calcium normally. This was true regardless of the major source of dietary calcium (i.e., milk, insoluble calcium carbonate, or soluble calcium citrate). Moreover, calcium absorption after CaCO3 ingestion was the same when intragastric contents were maintained at pH 7.4 (by in vivo titration) as when intragastric pH was 3.0. On the basis of these results, we conclude that gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity do not normally play a role in the absorption of dietary calcium. Other possible mechanisms by which the gastrointestinal tract might solubilize ingested calcium complexes and salts are discussed.