tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of airborne transmission in staphylococcal infections.
Authors: E. A. Mortimer, E. Wolinsky, A. J. Gonzaga, C. H. Rammelkamp
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Staphylococcal Infection as Cause of Death MEDIALJOAL 319 borne invasion by Gram-negative organisms might have occurred.In Adamson's (1949) careful necropsy study of lymph-nodes coliform strains isolated from different parts of the body were usually antigenically alike, and the isolation of such organisms was often associated with intra-abdominal disease.He isolated proteus organisms, for instance, from lymph-nodes at 14 necropsies, and reported that seven of the subjects concerned had had gastro-intestinal disease and a further four had renal infections.Again, Brooke and Slaney (1958), observing the occasional development of jaundice after colonic excision for ulcerative colitis, showed that in patients with this condition portal bacteraemia could often be demon- strated.Finally, the numerous reports in recent years on acute bacteraemic shock in prostatectomy patients have also drawn attention to blood-borne invasion by enterobacteria, and, indeed, raise the query whether some of the subjects in the present necropsy series may not have died as a result of unsuspected bacteraemic shock. SummaryA combined pathological and bacteriological necropsy study was made between September 1961 and October 1962 at a number of general hospitals in England to find the incidence of deaths in hospital from staphylococcal infection.The survey covered 470 subjects who had died in hospital, and a control group of 125 necropsies on persons who had died outside hospital.The major part of the work was done at eight centres.In all, 41 (8.6%) of the 470 hospital subjects had staphylo- coccal sepsis as the immediate cause of death.They included 30 with staphylococcal pneumonia, five with enterocolitis, three with septicaemia, two others with sepsis after operation or needling, and one with exfoliative dermatitis.In many instances staphylococcal pneumonia was a terminal event in patients who would not have been expected to survive.Probably, however, between 2.1 and 4.7% of the patients would not have died when they did if they had not acquired a staphylococcal infection.In at least three of the five deaths due to enterocolitis the administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic probably led to the patient's death.Staph.aureus and coliform organisms were isolated from a large proportion of lungs at necropsy.The significance of these findings is discussed.
Persistence of asthma requires multiple feedback circuits involving type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-33
Authors: Christina A. Christianson, Nicholas P. Goplen, Iram Zafar, Chaoyu Irvin, James T. Good, Donald R. Rollins, Balachandra Gorentla, Weimin Liu, Magdalena M. Gorska, HongWei Chu, Richard J. Martin, Rafeul Alam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediated mobilization of leukemic cells in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing myeloid antigens (my+Ph+ALL)
Authors: Guido Kobbe, Ullrich Bauser, Claudia Rieth, Ali Hunerliturkoglu, Dietmar Söhngen, Manuel Aivado, Carlo Aul, Axel Heyll
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The therapeutic benefit of G-CSF in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been well established. G-CSF has been used to shorten neutropenia induced by conventional dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Recently autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation has been explored to treat high-risk ALL. Several in vitro studies suggest that subpopulations of lymphoblasts express G-CSF receptors. Furthermore, enhanced growth of Ph+ ALL cells expressing myeloid antigens stimulated by G-CSF has been demonstrated in vitro. However, the clinical relevance of these findings has been questioned. We report a patient with my+Ph+ALL in whom the administration of G-CSF after high-dose Cytarabin and Mitoxantrone led to a significant mobilization of leukemic cells and contamination of the stem cell harvest during cytologic marrow remission. Am. J. Hematol. 58:330–333, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
GW25-e0255 Acute effects of the YaAn earthquake on blood pressure among hospitalized patients in the department of cardiology
Authors: Chuanwei Li, Wen Zhang, Xiaoli Luo, Hongyong Wang, Xukai Wang, Yuqiang Fang, Chunjiang Fu, Weibin Shi, Chengming Yang, Changqing Yu, Ye Zhang, Chunyu Zeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
John Hedley Purser
Authors: L. Stuttard
Journal: BMJ (2014)

John Hedley Purser was the son of Margaret Ethel Purser and Derek Willie Purser, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon (Lancaster), who was a huge inspiration to him. He was educated at Sedbergh School, where he was awarded school colours in rugby and cricket, his two sporting passions.

He started at the University of Manchester’s medical school in 1971 and later did his preregistration jobs at Bolton General Hospital under G M Coulson and F Marriott. …
Release of Mast-Cell-derived Mediators after Endobronchial Adenosine Challenge in Asthma
Authors: Riccardo Polosa, Wai H. Ng, Nunzio Crimi, Carlo Vancheri, Stephen T. Holgate, Martin K. Church, Antonino Mistretta
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Preformed and newly generated mediators released from airway mast cells may playa role in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction. To investigate the possible role of mast-cell-derived mediator release in mediating bronchoconstriction induced by adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), we have examined the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage for inflammatory mediators and markers of airway permeability immediately after instillation of AMP directly into an airway segment of 10 asthmatic subjects. Eight subjects completed the protocol. When compared with the saline-challenged segment, the response to endobronchial stimulation with AMP was characterized by a prompt reduction in airway caliber paralleled by a significant rise in PGD2, histamine, and tryptase levels in the lavage fluid. After AMP challenge, the median (range) concentration for PGD2 increased from 36 to 205 pg/ml (p = 0.006), for histamine from 184 to 433 pg/ml (p = 0.018), and for tryptase from 0.30 to 0.54 ng/ml (p = 0.013). In addition, a small but significant rise in albumin levels (from 27.8 to 36.11 µg/ml; p = 0.031) was detected after endobronchial challenge with AMP. These findings indicate that adenosine-induced responses may be initiated by the acute release of mast-cell-derived mediators, including PGD2, histamine, and tryptase.
Factors Affecting Long-Term Expression of a Secreted Transgene Product after Intravenous Administration of a Retroviral Vector
Authors: James E. McCormack, Wilson Edwards, John Sensintaffer, Larisa Lillegren, Melinda Kozloski, Duane Brumm, Linda Karavodin, Douglas J. Jolly, Judith Greengard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

We have studied parameters affecting in vivo expression of human growth hormone (hGH) in mice after intravenous administration of a retroviral vector encoding the protein as a model system for clotting factor VIII gene therapy. Such treatment results in a brief burst of high-level expression followed by lower level sustained expression of the hGH in the circulation. The major targets for transduction in the mouse are liver and spleen. Such direct transduction (i.e., without surgical or chemical induction of cell division) requires vector at high titer (>/=10(8) cfu/ml) and is dose dependent. Transduction efficiency decreases with increasing age of the recipient. Nevertheless, long-term expression in adults is observed after administration of vector as a split dose on 2 consecutive days. We also show that anti-vector immune responses may enhance long-term expression and that both anti-vector and anti-transgene immunity can be modulated. This work provides a framework for the rational development of means to enhance the efficiency of retroviral vectors for use in clinical gene replacement therapy.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 long isoform modulates malignancy of poorly differentiated colon cancer cells
Authors: Azadeh Arabzadeh, Jeremy Dupaul-Chicoine, Valérie Breton, Sina Haftchenary, Sara Yumeen, Claire Turbide, Maya Saleh, Kevin McGregor, Celia M T Greenwood, Uri David Akavia, Richard S Blumberg, Patrick T Gunning, Nicole Beauchemin
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> Nearly 20%–29% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) succumb to liver or lung metastasis and there is a dire need for novel targets to improve the survival of patients with metastasis. The long isoform of the Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1-L or CC1-L) is a key regulator of immune surveillance in primary CRC, but its role in metastasis remains largely unexplored. We have examined how CC1-L expression impacts on colon cancer liver metastasis. <h3>Design</h3> Murine MC38 transfected with CC1-L were evaluated in vitro for proliferation, migration and invasion, and for in vivo experimental liver metastasis. Using shRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition, we delineated the role in liver metastasis of Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand 2 (CCL2) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) downstream of CC1-L. We further assessed the clinical relevance of these findings in a cohort of patients with CRC. <h3>Results</h3> MC38-CC1-L-expressing cells exhibited significantly reduced in vivo liver metastasis and displayed decreased CCL2 chemokine secretion and reduced STAT3 activity. Down-modulation of CCL2 expression and pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 activity in MC38 cells led to reduced cell invasion capacity and decreased liver metastasis. The clinical relevance of our findings is illustrated by the fact that high CC1 expression in patients with CRC combined with some inflammation-regulated and STAT3-regulated genes correlate with improved 10-year survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> CC1-L regulates inflammation and STAT3 signalling and contributes to the maintenance of a less-invasive CRC metastatic phenotype of poorly differentiated carcinomas.
Intracoronary versus intravenous effects of cocaine on coronary flow and ventricular function.
Authors: H J Zimring, R L Fitzgerald, R L Engler, B R Ito
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Cocaine use has been associated with cardiomyopathy and ischemic coronary syndromes. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for these syndromes are not clear and have been suggested to involve direct effects of cocaine on myocyte contractility and coronary resistance as well as indirect effects via altered autonomic tone, secondary mediators, and myocardial metabolism. We sought to distinguish direct from indirect effects of cocaine on ventricular function and coronary resistance by comparison of the administration of intracoronary cocaine (0.12 to 0.36 mg/min constant infusion) with intravenous cocaine (5 mg/kg bolus infusion) in an in vivo anesthetized pig preparation. METHODS AND RESULTS To control for changes in coronary resistance secondary to autoregulation and myocardial metabolism, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused at constant coronary pressure and the interventricular vein was cannulated for coronary venous oxygen saturation measurement. Coronary blood flow, regional percent segment shortening, myocardial oxygen consumption, and serum cocaine concentrations were measured. Intracoronary cocaine produced a dose-dependent decrease in percent segment shortening in the absence of significant changes in coronary flow or systemic hemodynamics. In contrast, intravenous cocaine had mild biphasic effects on coronary resistance with an initial brief vasodilation (30.0 +/- 5% increase in flow from control) followed by more prolonged vasoconstriction (17.0 +/- 3.3% decrease in flow from control), which were independent of autoregulation or myocardial metabolism. In addition, intravenous cocaine caused an early 48% decrease in percent segment shortening, at which time the measured cocaine concentration was 20.1 micrograms/mL blood. This was comparable to the intracoronary cocaine concentration of 17.1 micrograms/mL blood, which produced a similar 48% decrease in percent segment shortening. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the effects of acute cocaine exposure on ventricular function are predominantly direct but of brief duration and therefore probably not clinically relevant. The effects of cocaine on coronary tone are predominantly indirect and biphasic, with early vasodilation followed by mild and more prolonged vasoconstriction. In the absence of coronary stenosis or ventricular hypertrophy, this small amount of vasoconstriction is unlikely to cause ischemia.
The Surgeon General's Warnings in Outdoor Cigarette Advertising
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Outdoor advertising media represent a major vehicle by which cigarette companies promote their products. We investigated the readability of the Surgeon General's warning in cigarette advertisements (ads) in two outdoor media: billboards and taxicab ads. In an experiment in metropolitan Atlanta under typical driving conditions, observers were able to read the entire health warning on 18 (46%) of 39 street billboards but on only two (5%) of 39 highway billboards. In contrast, the content of the ads (ie, brand name, other wording, and notable imagery) could be recognized under the same conditions on more than 95% of the billboards. In a similar study of 100 taxicab cigarette ads in New York City, observers were unable to read the health warning in any of the ads but were able to identify the brand name in all ads and notable imagery in 95% of the ads. Significant differences between the readability of the warning and identification of the advertising content persisted even when partially read warnings were considered to have been read. We conclude that the Surgeon General's warning is not readable in its current form in the vast majority of billboard and taxicab ads. Factors contributing to unreadability include the small size of the letters, the excessive length of the warnings, the distance between the viewers and the ads, and movement between the viewers and the ads. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:90-94)
Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: George M. Baer, Daniel B. Fishbein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Until 1953, rabies post-exposure prophylaxis followed the formula of daily injections with nervoustissue vaccine developed by Pasteur in 1885. However, rabies often developed in persons with severe head or hand bites in spite of such vaccination; the results of treatment applied after wolf bites, for instance, were considered "disastrous."1 In the light of those failures, the World Health Organization (WHO) discussed the possibility of adding hyperimmune serum to improve the treatment. The opportunity to test that new combination came on the night of August 21, 1954, in a particularly bloody episode in which a large rabid wolf entered the small . . .
Association Between Volume of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography at an Academic Medical Center and Use of Pancreatobiliary Therapy
Authors: Gregory A. Coté, Sanjeev Singh, Lois G. Bucksot, Laura Lazzell–Pannell, Suzette E. Schmidt, Evan Fogel, Lee McHenry, James Watkins, Glen Lehman, Stuart Sherman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Nontraumatic approaches to assessing cardiac performance
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PROFESSION AND THE STATE
Authors: None Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1909)

X X43 will be a step forward when a guaranteed payment is made for all services rendered to poor people.Instead of this being accepted as solving one of our many grievances, the public are being edified by a wrangle about " plums " and a screech about " socialism."So far as the sanitary service is concerned, the evils are similar to those of the profession as a whole.Services on behalf of public health are grossly underpaid, especially in the case of part-time medical officers of health, and there is, in addition, the old grievance of insecurity of tenure-an evil that again principally and most unfairly affects the part-timer.The article in your issue of October 23rd, to which Dr. Greenwood calls attention, is undoubtedly interesting and instructive.Two of the scandalous cases mentioned there are the works of boards of guardians, bodies that would be swept away under the Minority scheme, but perpetuated under another name if the Majority Report is adopted.The other three cases are merely part of the undisguised intention of the public to get medical work on
Clinical and angiographic predictors of abnormal doppler-derived flow in the infarct related artery after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Simon R. Dixon, William W. O'Neill, John A. Fry, Robert D. Safian, James A. Goldstein, Cindy L. Grines, Terry R. Bowers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
UNILATERAL CHOKED DISK DUE TO TONSILLAR INFECTION
Authors: W. F. Darkes
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is difficult to answer the arguments of a physician who believes that hysteria may produce choked disk. We agree that the theory of focal infection is greatly overworked, but on the other hand, we think that there is much merit in the theory. Involvement of one large joint of the body is not uncommon in focal infection and we have seen a number of remarkable cures following the removal of foci of infection in cases of that sort. Is it unreasonable to say that a unilateral choked disk might be due to the same agent? We are aware that a negative blood Wassermann reaction does not rule out syphilis but we firmly believe that a negative spinal fluid and blood Wassermann reaction with the spinal fluid negative all along the line is indeed rare in a person suffering from active neurosyphilis. We do not believe that
Early effects of semantic meaning on electrical brain activity
Authors: Wolfgang Skrandies
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

When words are read, the visual cortex is activated, independent of whether visual or motor associations are elicited. This word-evoked brain activity is significantly influenced by semantic meaning. Such effects occur very early after stimulus presentation (at latencies between 80 and 130 msec), indicating that semantic meaning activates different neuronal assemblies in the human visual cortex when words are processed.
Definitions and Measurement of Chronic Health Conditions in Childhood
Authors: Johanna H. van der Lee, Lidwine B. Mokkink, Martha A. Grootenhuis, Hugo S. Heymans, Martin Offringa
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Changes in the prevalence of chronic health conditions in childhood have considerable societal consequences for health care planning and for employment. To obtain valid and reliable estimates of the prevalence of chronic health conditions, a clear definition is needed.To present an overview of all definitions and operationalizations that have been applied to measure the prevalence of chronic health conditions in childhood.PubMed and the Web of Science were searched for articles published up to December 2006. Also, references were searched by hand for related articles.Non-English- and non-Dutch-language articles were excluded. Of 7252 articles found, 64 articles that stated a conceptual definition and/or operationalization of chronic health conditions in children (aged 0-18 years) were included.Data on the (1) definition; (2) operationalization in terms of source of information, method of information retrieval, and study population; and (3) resulting prevalence rate were extracted by 2 independent reviewers.A large range of definitions were in use, of which 4 were cited by many authors. Various operationalizations of the concepts that were measured were identified. Chronic health conditions in childhood prevalence estimates ranged from 0.22% to 44%, depending on these operationalizations.The wide variability in reported prevalence rates of chronic health conditions in childhood can be explained by considerable diversity in the concepts and operationalizations used. International consensus about the conceptual definition of chronic health conditions in childhood is needed.
After Newtown — Public Opinion on Gun Policy and Mental Illness
Authors: Colleen L. Barry, Emma E. McGinty, Jon S. Vernick, Daniel W. Webster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The loss of life in Newtown, Connecticut, in December 2012 has prompted a national conversation about guns and mental illness. Public opinion surveys can help policymakers understand Americans' attitudes toward both violence-prevention proposals and mental illness.
Portable Heart Pump Recipient Recovering Well; Evaluation Begins of Role for This Technology
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

BEFORE he steps into the stall each morning, Michael Templeton makes sure he has his "shower cap" on. The 33-year-old electronics technician from Humble, Tex, isn't trying to keep his hair dry—he must protect (with a cap-like plastic cover) the wire attached to the device that powers his heart. Shortly after having the fully portable, battery-run ventricular-assist device called HeartMate implanted in his abdomen to assist his own intact but failing heart (September 3), Templeton said he had "not felt this good in a year and a half." That was when the effects of idiopathic cardiomyopathy began to leave him short of breath and with rapidly declining energy and spirits. Six weeks after the operation, surgeon Oscar H. (Bud) Frazier, MD, of the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, said Templeton "goes through the cafeteria line without anybody noticing him—the first time a patient with a pump inside him pumping 5 liters