tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipolysis Produces Changes in the Immunoreactivity and Cell Reactivity of Very Low Density Lipoproteins
Authors: G. Schonfeld, W. Patsch, B. Pfleger, J. L. Witztum, S. W. Weidman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Smaller very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants interact more readily with tissues than do larger "intact" VLDL. This may be related to changes in the availability of VLDL apoproteins on the surface of the lipoproteins. To test this hypothesis VLDL were incubated at 37 degrees C with bovine milk lipase (LPL), and the abilities of LPL-treated VLDL preparations to compete with (125)I-low density lipoproteins (LDL) for interaction with cultured normal human fibroblasts were measured. At the same time, the immunologic activities of these preparations were also tested by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Triglyceride (TG) contents of VLDL fell by 30-90% during incubation with LPL and, on zonal ultracentrifugation, VLDL of faster Svedberg unit of flotation (S(f1.063)) rates (>150) were gradually converted to smaller VLDL with lower S(f) rates (21-60). LPL-treated VLDL competed two to five times more effectively with (125)I-LDL for binding to cellular receptors than did control VLDL. Control VLDL incubated with heat-inactivated LPL at 37 degrees C, or with active LPL at 4 degrees C had unaltered cell reactivities and TG contents compared with VLDL incubated without any enzyme. The direct uptake and degradation of LPL-treated VLDL was also assessed by using VLDL (125)I-labeled in apoprotein (Apo)B. LPL-treated VLDL-(125)I-ApoB were taken up and degraded by fibroblast at greater rates than were control VLDL-(125)I-ApoB. Thus, hydrolysis of VLDL lipids was accompanied by an increased ability of VLDL to interact with fibroblasts. The immunoreactivity of ApoB in the same VLDL preparations, expressed as the "apparent ApoB contents" of LPL-treated VLDL, increased by 10-50% (P < 0.02) in those assays that contained anti-LDL antisera, but the ApoB of control VLDL remained constant. However, assays that contained antisera directed against ApoB isolated from VLDL did not distinguish between LPL-treated and control VLDL. Thus, VLDL lipid hydrolysis was accompanied by changes in the immunoreactivity of VLDL-ApoB, which probably reflect changes in the disposition of ApoB on the surface of VLDL. The altered disposition of ApoB on VLDL "remnants" may be related to their enhanced interaction with cells.
Abstract B63: MBD3 accumulates at promoters and enhancers of active genes
Authors: Takashi Shimbo, Ying Du, Sara Grimm, Archana Dhasarathy, Deepak Mav, Ruchir Shah, Huidong Shi, Paul A. Wade
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex is a multiprotein machine proposed to regulate chromatin structure by nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation activities. Recent reports describing localization of NuRD are not in complete agreement and provide new insights that question previous models on NuRD action. Here, we provide location analysis of endogenous MBD3, a component of NuRD complex, in two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) using two independent genomic techniques: DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) and ChIP-Seq. Contrary to existing models, MBD3 preferentially associated with CpG rich promoters marked by H3K4me3 and lacking 5-methyl C or 5-hydroxymethyl C. MBD3 also showed cell-type specific localization across gene bodies, peaking around the transcription start site (TSS). A subset of sites bound by MBD3 was enriched in H3K27Ac and was in physical proximity to promoters in three dimensional space, suggesting function as enhancers. MBD3 enrichment was also noted at promoters modified by H3K27me3. These data suggest that MBD3, and by extension the Mi-2/NuRD complex, may have multiple roles in fine tuning expression for both active and silent genes. These data represent an important step in defining regulatory mechanisms by which Mi-2/NuRD complex controls chromatin structure and modification status. Citation Format: Takashi Shimbo, Ying Du, Sara Grimm, Archana Dhasarathy, Deepak Mav, Ruchir Shah, Huidong Shi, Paul A. Wade. MBD3 accumulates at promoters and enhancers of active genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B63.
M-mode echocardiography in the evaluation of patients for aneurysmectomy.
Authors: J C Dillon, H Feigenbaum, A E Weyman, B C Corya, S Peskoe, S Chang
Journal: Circulation (1976)

In order to determine whether echocardiography could be useful in predicting surgical mortality of aneurysmectomy, preoperative condensed M-mode echocardiographic scans were taken from both mid (standard position) and low (nearer apex) intercostal spaces and/or from the subxiphoid area in eighteen patients who were sent to surgery for aneurysmectomy. Eleven of the eighteen patients survived aneurysmectomy. All eleven had mid left ventricular dimensions less than 3.3 cm/m2 and low dimensions of 3.8 cm/m2 or less. Of the seven patients who died, the mid and low left ventricular dimensions exceeded 3.3 cm/m2 and 3.8 cm/m2, respectively, with one exception. The combination of abnormal mitral valve closure, a dilated mid dimension and lack of normal motion in opposing wall segments was only seen in six nonsurvivors. Echocardiography can provide information concerning the state of the left ventricle in patients with ventricular aneurysms and these findings may be helpful in predicting surgical mortality for aneurysmectomy.
Participants in research: Contract to run a trial should include patient-researchers in steering groups
Authors: Hazel Thornton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures Vitamin K supplementation has powerful effectEditor-Porthouse et al conducted a good randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) for prevention of fractures in primary care. 1 However, vitamin D and calcium are not enough.No mention was made of the extensive research from Japan and the Netherlands, which shows that vitamin K supplementation has a powerful effect in decreasing osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures.Combining vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium seems ideal.Researchers from Osaka Medical College showed that vitamin K and vitamin D together increased bone density much better than vitamin K alone. 2hen comparing calcium and vitamin D alone with placebo, researchers at the University of Maastricht found little benefit on bone loss.But those randomised to take vitamin K in addition to calcium and vitamin D had significantly less femoral neck bone loss after three years. 3he Yamaguchi osteoporosis prevention study showed that vitamin K alone reduced vertebral fractures by 56% compared to placebo, comparable to the benefit found from etidronate. 4 Researchers at Hirosaki University in Japan showed that vitamin K lowered bone fractures in elderly female patients with Parkinson's by 90%. 5 The same research team showed an 86% decrease in fractures in elderly patients with Alzheimer's treated with a combination of vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium compared with placebo.w1 If the medical standard became to first use vitamins D and K with calcium before using bisphosphonates or selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the public would save billions of dollars a year.
Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): Effects on mortality at 1 year
Authors: Klas Malmberg, Lars Rydén, Suad Efendic, Johan Herlitz, Peter Nicol, Anders Waldenstrom, Hans Wedel, Lennart Welin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Black spots for road accidents
Authors: G. M Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1981)

is not simply an exercise effect is indicated by similar responses at rest in the laboratory setting.Although the laboratory procedures were not presented in a random order they were interrupted by rest periods, particularly before the discotheque when refreshments were served.We do not claim to provide a definitive basis for advice to epileptic children regarding the safety of their attending discotheques, but rather question the tendency to advise them to avoid discotheques.Furthermore, we suggest that some laboratory procedures might be helpful in advising an individual patient.
Do Conflicts of Interest Create a New Professional Norm? Physical Therapists and Workers’ Compensation
Authors: Maude Laliberté, Anne Hudon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments Many thanks to Drs. Bryn Williams-Jones, Debbie Feldman, Matthew Hunt, and Barbara Mazer for helpful comments on drafts of this commentary. Maude Laliberté has scholarships from the Fond de recherche du Québec-Santé (FRQ-S) and the Canadian Arthritis Network (CAN). Maude Laliberté is assistant syndic at the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec. Anne Hudon is supported by a fellowship from the MENTOR program in collaboration with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Quebec Research Rehabilitation Network (REPAR), and the FRQ-S. Financial support for this work was also received from Dominion of Canada General Insurance administered by the Physiotherapy Foundation of Canada.
Drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity.
Authors: J M Tredger, M Davis
Journal: Gut (1991)

Publisher Summary   This chapter discusses the drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Drug metabolism has become the comfortable generic term describing metabolism of all foreign compounds, xenobiotics or chemicals with no nutritive value (anutrients). Interindividual variability in drug metabolic activity arises from genetic variability, physiological modulation and the influence of diet, disease and environmental agents such as other drugs. The same variability can be expected to apply to the generation of reactive and potentially hepatotoxic metabolites from therapeutic agents. However, the ability of these potential toxins to trigger sequences of key events mediating cell damage and dysfunction adds a further layer of variable complexity which determines outcome. The summation of these multiple variables probably underlies the idiosyncratic nature of the majority of hepatotoxins. Recognition of a drug-related etiology continues to be a challenging diagnostic step given the variable pathology induced, however by enabling early drug withdrawal this frequently limits the severity of any evolving damage. Mechanistically-based interventions show the greatest promise in management of emerging toxicity, however clinically safe and effective regimens are surprisingly rare. Given the lengthy and costly development programs for new drugs and the wastefulness of subsequent drug withdrawal, the use of mechanistically-based antidotes incorporated within medications may be a way forward for reducing the potential toxicity of invaluable additions to the pharmacopeia.
Politics of Starvation
Authors: Jon E. Rohde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Over eight million persons have fled the ravages of the Pakistan Army to seek refuge in India, where epidemics of cholera, pneumonia and now of kwashiorkor and frank starvation have claimed thousands of lives. To all observers, the teeming, filthy refugee camps present "a scene which can be described as the most appalling tide of human misery in modern times."1 Although the specter of hunger and epidemic disease is not new to India, the magnitude of this man-made disaster is unparalleled. Dr. Nevin Scrimshaw, professor of nutrition at MIT and a world expert on protein-calorie malnutrition, has testified: "the extent . . .
Brachial artery endothelial function predicts coronary endothelial function and severity of coronary lesion in patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Takashi Akima, Yoshihiro Matsushima, Haruhiko Hosaka, Akira Hamabe, Kimio Satomura, Fumitaka Ohsuzu, Akira Kurita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Mineral properties and their contributions to particle toxicity.
Authors: G D Guthrie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

It has been recognized since at least as early as the mid-1500s that inhaled minerals (i.e., inorganic particles) can pose a risk. Extensive research has focused on the biological mechanisms responsible for asbestos- and silica-induced diseases, but much less attention has been paid to the mineralogical properties and geochemical mechanisms that might influence a mineral's biological activity. Several important mineralogical characteristics control a mineral's reactivity in geochemical reactions and are likely to determine its biological reactivity. In addition to the traditionally considered variables of particle size and shape, mineralogical characteristics such as dissolution behavior, ion exchange, sorptive properties, and the nature of the mineral surface (e.g., surface reactivity) play important roles in determining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of a particle. Ultimately, a mineral's species (which provides direct information on a mineral's structure and composition) is probably one of the most significant yet most neglected factors that must be considered in studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity.
IL-5 in Inducde Sputum Corelate with Longterm Airway Remodeling
Authors: P. Korosec, L. Camlek, M.M. Malovrh, S. Skrgat, I. Kern, M. Silar, N. Celesnik, M. Flezar, M. Kosnik
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
60 DIFFERENCES IN EARLY VIROLOGICAL DECLINE IN INDIVIDUALS TREATED WITHIN THE AUSTRALIAN TRIAL IN ACUTE HCV SUGGEST A POTENTIAL BENEFIT FOR THE USE OF RIBAVIRIN
Authors: G.V. Matthews, J. Grebely, M. Hellard, B. Yeung, P. Marks, W. Rawlinson, J. Kaldor, G. Dore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Impact of complete inhibition of viral replication on the cellular immune response in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: G Marinos, N V Naoumov, R Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) treatment is effective in only a proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The mechanisms for therapeutic failure remain unknown but high levels of HBV replication are known to inhibit the immunopotentiating effects of IFN-alpha. In nine patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to IFN-alpha monotherapy, we determined the virus-specific T-helper-cell responses during two consecutive therapeutic regimens: IFN-alpha alone and IFN-alpha in combination with a new potent inhibitor of HBV replication, lamivudine. By comparing the results obtained during the initial IFN-alpha monotherapy to those during the combination treatment, it was investigated whether complete inhibition of virus replication will enhance the interferon-induced immunoreactivity to HBV. Despite the rapid reduction to undetectable serum HBV DNA in all nine patients during the combination treatment, none sustained permanent hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance during subsequent 12-month follow-up. HLA class II-restricted T-helper-cell responses to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) showed no difference during IFN-alpha monotherapy and during the combination of lamivudine plus IFN-alpha. In contrast, a delayed T-cell activation occurred after a rebound in serum HBV DNA postcombination treatment, which lead to increased hepatocytolysis. These findings suggest that the profound inhibition of HBV replication by a nucleoside analogue does not restore the impaired virus-specific T-cell response in chronic HBV infection.
Abstract 456: ERG regulation of intracrine androgen production and castration-resistant prostate cancer progression
Authors: Katelyn A. Powell, Louie Semaan, Krishna R. Maddipati, Katie (Mary) Conley-Lacomb, Yanfeng Li, Michael Cher, Sreenivasa R. Chinni
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Intratumoral androgen synthesis in prostate cancer (PC) contributes to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several enzymes responsible for androgen biosynthesis have been shown to be overexpressed in CRPC, thus, contributing to CRPC in a castrated environment. However, little is known regarding their mode of regulation and expression in this context. The TMPRSS2-ERG transcription factor has been shown to be present in primary PC tumors as well as CRPC tumors; however, its biological function contributing to the development CRPC in the context of intratumoral androgen synthesis is not known. We hypothesize that TMPRSS2-ERG fusions regulate androgen biosynthetic enzyme (ABE) gene expression and the production of androgens, which contributes to the development of CRPC. Methods: We used a variety of methods including lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of ERG, qPCR, Western blot, ChIP-PCR, and Mass Spectrometry. Results: We found that (a) shRNA knockdown of ERG in VCaP PC cells significantly reduces the expression of ABE's AKR1C3, HSD17B6, and HSD17B4; (b) overexpression of truncated ERG or wild-type ERG in LNCaP PC cells significantly increases the expression of AKR1C3 and HSD17B6; (c) ERG binds to the AKR1C3 gene in VCaP PC cells; and (d) DHT synthesis is reduced in VCaP shERG cells treated with 5α-Androstanedione, a DHT precursor metabolite, compared to VCaP shScrambled controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that AKR1C3 catalyzes the biochemical reduction of 5α-Androstanedione to DHT in PC cells, and that ERG may regulate this step through upregulation of AKR1C3 expression. Elucidation of ERG regulation of ABEs in CRPC may help to stratify TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive PC patients in the clinic for anti-hormone driven therapies. Additionally, not all PC tumors express CYP17A1 enzyme, therefore this study emphasizes the importance of investigating ABEs other than CYP17A1, such as AKR1C3 and HSD17B6. In summary, this study addresses alternative ABE drug targets as well as possible drug resistance modes in PC treatment. Citation Format: Katelyn A. Powell, Louie Semaan, Krishna R. Maddipati, Katie (Mary) Conley-Lacomb, Yanfeng Li, Michael Cher, Sreenivasa R. Chinni. ERG regulation of intracrine androgen production and castration-resistant prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 456. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-456
Swedish surgeons report world's first uterus transplantations from mother to daughter
Authors: A. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A team of surgeons at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg has performed the world’s first transplantations of a uterus from a mother to her daughter. The operations were carried out during the weekend of 14 and 15 September, said the Swedish hospital in a statement after the procedures.

The operations involved two donors with their respective daughters as recipients who are in their 30s. One of recipients was born without a uterus and the other had her uterus removed because of cervical cancer. Although …
US government commits to new hepatitis plan but won't fund treatment
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US government has committed itself to raising awareness about viral hepatitis and creating training opportunities for health professionals to diagnose, treat, and vaccinate against the infections. However, it will not create a new funding stream to help pay for treating people with the disease as it did for HIV.

Paying for treatment of hepatitis infections will be the responsibility of private and government supported health insurance programmes under scheduled health reforms, announced the Department of Health and Human Services at a news conference on 12 May.

We are committed to “increasing coordination and scaling up our resources to meet the rising need,” said Howard Koh, assistant secretary for health. 

The new federal action plan for viral hepatitis is organised around six areas …
Cephalothin and Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: MARGOT SWANSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 December 1970Cephalothin and Hemolytic AnemiaMARGOT SWANSONMARGOT SWANSONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-6-1046_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the May 1970 issue of the ANNALS, Drs. Weinstein and Kaplan in the article "The Cephalosporins" made the following statement: "Therapy with cephalothin and, much less commonly, with cephaloridine may lead to the development of a positive Coombs' reaction, sometimes accompanied by hemolytic anemia (78-80)."In the three references cited, none of the authors were able to relate the positive Coombs' test from cephalothin or cephaloridine to a hemolytic state. I am not aware of any report of hemolytic anemia definitely caused by the cephalosporins and would be interested in any further information justifying their statement....References1. GRALNICKWRIGHTMCGINNISS HLM: Coombs' positive reactions associated with sodium cephalothin therapy. JAMA 199:725, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MOLTHANREIDENBERGEICHMEM LMM: Positive direct Coombs' test due to cephalothin. N Eng J Med 277:123, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KAPLANREISBERGWEINSTEIN KBL: Cephaloridine. Studies of therapeutic activity and untoward effects. Arch Intern Med (Chicago) 121:17, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARGOT SWANSONAffiliations: Clinical Pharmacist Memorial Hospital Medical Center of Long Beach 2801 Atlantic Ave. Long Beach, Calif. 90801 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1970Volume 73, Issue 6Page: 1046-1046KeywordsHemolytic anemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>In Utero</i> DDT and DDE Exposure and Obesity Status of 7-Year-Old Mexican-American Children in the CHAMACOS Cohort
Authors: Marcella Warner, Raul Aguilar Schall, Kim G. Harley, Asa Bradman, Dana Barr, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

In utero exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been hypothesized to increase risk of obesity later in life.The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study is a longitudinal birth cohort of low-income Latinas living in a California agricultural community. We examined the relation of in utero DDT and DDE exposure to child obesity at 7 years of age. We also examined the trend with age (2, 3.5, 5, and 7 years) in the exposure-obesity relation.We included 270 children with o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, and p,p´-DDE concentrations measured in maternal serum during pregnancy (nanograms per gram lipid) and complete 7-year follow-up data including weight (kilograms) and height (centimeters). Body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared) was calculated and obesity was defined as ≥ 95th percentile on the sex-specific BMI-for-age Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts.At 7 years, 96 (35.6%) children were obese. A 10-fold increase in o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, or p,p´-DDE, was nonsignificantly associated with increased odds (OR) of obesity [o,p´-DDT adjusted (adj-) OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.82; p,p´-DDT adj-OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.74; p,p´-DDE adj-OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.06]. With increasing age at follow-up, we observed a significant trend toward a positive association between DDT and DDE exposure and odds of obesity.We did not find a significant positive relation between in utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old children. However, given the observed trend with age, continued follow-up will be informative.