tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S105 Does vitamin D deficiency increase risk of acute lung injury post oesophagectomy?
Authors: R. C. A. Dancer, D. Park, V. D'Souza, F. G. Smith, G. D. Perkins, D. R. Thickett
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Vitamin D has profound effects on the immune system and its deficiency has been implicated in increased risk of diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia. We have shown vitamin D levels to be lower in patients with Acute Lung Injury than in healthy or at risk controls. We hypothesised that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for developing Acute Lung Injury (ALI) following transthoracic oesophagectomy. <h3>Methods</h3> 25-OH vitamin D (tandem mass spectrometry) and 1.25-OH vitamin D (ELISA) were measured in plasma samples taken from patients prior to oesophagectomy. IL-6, RAGE and HMGB-1 were measured by ELISA. Extravascular Lung Water (EVLW) measurements were recorded using a PiCCO catheter. <h3>Results</h3> All patients undergoing oesophagectomy had insufficient levels of 25-OH vitamin D (&lt;75 nmol/l, median 25.5 nmol/l). 1.25-OH vitamin D levels ranged from 26 to 182 pmol/l (reference range 43–144 pmol/l). Patients who developed ALI more than 72 h post-op had lower levels of 25-Vitamin D (p=0.032). Very low levels of 25-OH vitamin D (&lt;15 nmol/l) were significantly associated with elevated post-operative systemic inflammatory response (as demonstrated by higher plasma levels of IL-6 (p=0.006) and HMGB-1 (p=0.04)) with evidence of increased epithelial damage (elevated RAGE (p=0.03)). Levels of 25 vitamin D<sub>3</sub>&lt;15 nmol/l were associated with greater post-operative increases in extra vascular lung water (p=0.03). Patients with severe vitamin d deficiency (&lt;20 nmol/l) had a 40% risk of developing post-operative ALI compared to 15% in those with less severe deficiency (p=0.03). <h3>Discussion</h3> These results suggest that very low 25 vitamin D levels in oesophagectomy patients are associated with an elevated post-operative systemic inflammatory response, increased alveolar epithelial dysfunction and an increased risk of developing lung injury. These data support the rationale for clinical trials of vitamin D replacement as a preventative therapy for acute lung injury.
Unusual Gas Bacillus Infections Including Necrotic Enteritis
Authors: Thadeus L. Jarkowski
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Unusual forms of gas bacillus infection occurring in modern times are reviewed, with emphasis on the clinical and pathologic findings of the endogenous form of the disease. Two recently observed cases of endogenous gas bacillus infection were observed; one was diagnosed before death by blood culture. One case represented the darmbrand type of infection which was secondary to necrosis of the intestine in a patient who had acute lymphocytic leukemia. The portal of entry of the<i>Clostridium welchii</i>was the necrotic intestine. The portal of entry in the second case was the biliary tract, following biliary-tract obstruction and cholecystitis. Endogenous gas bacillus infection is a medical emergency requiring early recognition and intensive therapy consisting of debridement, penicillin, polyvalent antiserum, and blood transfusions.
Neuronally released norepinephrine does not preferentially activate postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors in human blood vessels in vitro.
Authors: M J Stevens, R F Moulds
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Human isolated digital arteries and metatarsal veins, obtained postmortem, have been used to compare the effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on contractile responses to nerve stimulation. The antagonists used were prazosin, rauwolscine, BE 2254, and yohimbine. Rauwolscine (alpha 2-antagonist), as well as prazosin and BE 2254 (alpha 1-antagonists), in concentrations of 10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) mol/liter, potently antagonized the frequency-response curves to nerve stimulation. Yohimbine (alpha 2-antagonist) was slightly less potent, failing to antagonize responses to nerve stimulation in arteries at the concentration of 10(-9) mol/liter significantly, but producing potent antagonism of responses in both arteries and veins at higher concentrations (10(-8), 10(-7) mol/liter). All antagonists inhibited the contractile responses to nerve stimulation to a greater extent in veins than in arteries. Rauwolscine (10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) mol/liter) and BE 2254 (10(-7) but not 10(-8) mol/liter) significantly enhanced stimulation-induced tritium efflux in arteries and veins. These results suggest that alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, despite their prejunctional effects, are potent antagonists of contractile responses to nerve stimulation. Thus, in these human blood vessels, endogenously released norepinephrine does not preferentially activate postjunctional alpha 1-adrenoceptors, but activates receptors with the properties of both the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes.
C-Peptide: A New Method of Assessing Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function
Authors: George F. Cahill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

It is not uncommon to observe a transient remission in the patient with newly diagnosed juvenile diabetes. Almost invariably, the disease returns, but then good control of blood glucose levels is usually obtained with a single daily injection of an intermediate acting insulin (NPH or Lente). After several years, this "honeymoon" period of relatively easy control comes to an end, and the diabetes becomes more difficult to manage (brittle), with adequate control usually requiring more than one injection of insulin. The usual patient then needs intermediate-acting insulin with or without rapid acting insulin before breakfast and another injection before supper, . . .
Villous sprouting: fundamental mechanisms of human placental development
Authors: M. Castellucci
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

There is increasing evidence that maldevelopment of the placental villous tree can play an important role in the pathogenesis of various pregnancy diseases. In this review we present the most recent advances of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the early formation of chorionic villi. In particular we focus our attention on the structural events during early villous sprouting leading to the formation of the mesenchymal villi which are the forerunners of all other villous types, i.e. immature intermediate villi, stem villi, mature intermediate villi and terminal villi. Early villous sprouting starts as ‘hot spots’ which are circumscribed areas consisting of highly proliferating cytotrophoblastic and stromal cells. The post-proliferative cytotrophoblastic cells fuse with the overlying syncytium leading to the formation of the trophoblastic sprouts. When villous mesenchyme invades the trophoblastic sprouts, the latter are transformed into villous sprouts. The vascularization of the villous sprouts leads to the formation of the mesenchymal villi, the most basic villous type. This process is repeated throughout pregnancy. We analyse the influence of various extracellular matrix molecules, e.g. tenascin and hyaluronic acid, on the formation of hot spots and mesenchymal villi as well as the transformation of the latter in other villous types. We present a critical survey on the data on vessel formation related to villous sprouting and morphogenesis of mesenchymal villi as well as the expression of various angiogenic factors and their receptors.
Measurement of tryptic activity in intestinal juice as a diagnostic test of pancreatic disease.
Authors: H B Cook, J E Lennard-Jones, S M Sherif, H S Wiggins
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT The concentration of trypsin in duodenal contents following a Lundh test meal containing 6 % of fat, 5 % protein, and 15 % carbohydrate, has been used as an index of exocrine pancreatic function.Low concentrations of trypsin are found in pancreatic disease, such as chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas.The test is particularly useful in the diagnosis of pan- creatic steatorrhoea.
Genetic and Epigenetic Analysis of erbB Signaling Pathway Genes in Lung Cancer
Authors: Mohammad Obaidul Hoque, Mariana Brait, Eli Rosenbaum, Maria Luana Poeta, Prodipto Pal, Shahnaz Begum, Santanu Dasgupta, Andre L. Carvalho, Steven A. Ahrendt, William H. Westra, David Sidransky
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Temporal Arteritis Associated With Normal Sedimentation Rate
Authors: José Biller
Journal: JAMA (1982)

TEMPORAL arteritis confronts the clinician with many problems, the most important of which is to make an early diagnosis. In a society whose average age is increasing, temporal arteritis probably will become increasingly frequent. It behooves us also to remember that the occult form of temporal arteritis might be more common than the classic variety.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of this report is to emphasize once again the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment<sup>2</sup>and to caution the clinician that patients younger than 50 years can have this entity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man had recurrent amaurosis fugax of the right eye develop over a two-week period. Ten weeks before examination, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of the left eye developed without evidence of retinal embolism. Massage to the globe and acetazolamide (Diamox) failed to achieve any degree of visual recovery, and he remained with visual acuity limited to
Early organizational influences and social factors: A need for further evaluation
Authors: Marcia L. Collaer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Mazur &amp; Booth's target article presents strong evidence that social factors influence testosterone; however, the evidence for an effect of testosterone on dominance is considerably weaker. Although social and biological factors may interact, as suggested in the reciprocal model, findings in rhesus monkeys suggest that social factors may predominate. Finally, research is needed to evaluate whether androgens during early life influence later dominance.
Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Southern Mexico
Authors: Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon, Ma. de Lourdes Garcia-Garcia, Ma. Cecilia Garcia-Sancho, Francisco J. Gomez-Perez, Jose Luis Valdespino-Gomez, Gustavo Olaiz-Fernandez, Rosalba Rojas, Leticia Ferreyra-Reyes, Bulmaro Cano-Arellano, Miriam Bobadilla, Peter M. Small, Jose Sifuentes-Osornio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the impact of diabetes on the rates of tuberculosis in a region where both diseases are prevalent. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from a population-based cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (isolation, identification, drug-susceptibility testing, and IS6110-based genotyping and spoligotyping) were linked to the 2000 National Health Survey (ENSA2000), a national probabilistic, polystage, stratified, cluster household survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of Mexico. RESULTS—From March 1995 to March 2003, 581 patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and fingerprint were diagnosed, 29.6% of whom had been diagnosed previously with diabetes by a physician. According to the ENSA2000, the estimated prevalence of diabetes in the study area was 5.3% (95% CI 4.1–6.5). The estimated rates of tuberculosis for the study area were greater for patients with diabetes than for nondiabetic individuals (209.5 vs. 30.7 per 100,000 person-years, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—In this setting, the rate of tuberculosis was increased 6.8-fold (95% CI 5.7–8.2, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in patients with diabetes due to increases in both reactivated and recently transmitted infection. Comorbidity with diabetes may increase tuberculosis rates as much as coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with important implications for the allocation of health care resources.
Demonstration of tuberculostearic acid in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by selected ion monitoring.
Authors: G Odham, L Larsson, P A Mårdh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Selected ion monitoring was used to detect tuberculostearic acid (10-methyloctadecanoic acid) in sputum from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The specimens were autoclaved, lyophilized, extracted, and methanolysed before being subjected to thin-layer chromatography and injected into the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Tuberculostearic acid could be detected in five of six tuberculous sputum specimens containing acid-fast rods detectable by light microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. After the sputum specimens had been cultured for five days on Löwenstein-Jensen medium, when still no colonies could be observed visually, the presence of tuberculostearic acid was demonstrated in all six cases of tuberculosis. In corresponding analyses of sputum from eight patients with non-tuberculous pneumonia, tuberculostearic acid was not found. This fatty acid, the presence of which was also demonstrated in cultures of various mycobacterial and nocardial species, is characteristic of organisms of the order Actinomycetales. The demonstration of tuberculostearic acid in sputum specimens may constitute a rapid and sensitive way of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.
FDG-PET/CT Findings of Peritoneal Lymphomatosis
Authors: Koichiro Kaneko, Satoru Masunari, Tsuyoshi Yoshida, Junichi Omagari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Peritoneal lymphomatosis (PL) is an extensive lymphomatous infiltration of the intraperitoneal portion of the subperitoneal space, which is a rare presentation of lymphoma. Using CT or MRI findings alone, it is difficult to differentiate between lymphomatosis, carcinomatosis, and other pathological entities.We experienced two PL cases and herein report the FDG-PET/CT findings. High FDG uptakes were found in omental and peritoneal infiltration, gastric wall involvement, and lymph node involvement in the epiphrenic region, although retroperitoneal lymph node involvement was absent. Systemic abnormal FDG uptakes suggested PL rather than carcinomatosis, and FDG-PET/CT findings were useful for the diagnoses.
Hyping deep brain stimulation in psychiatry could lead to its demise
Authors: M. I. Hariz, G.-M. Hariz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is 25 years old. The technique as we know it today was introduced to treat parkinsonian and essential tremor in 19871 (notwithstanding that a team from Southampton had already reported deep brain stimulation in the treatment of the tremor of multiple sclerosis in 1980).2 The introduction of stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease in 1995,3 and of the pallidum for dystonia in 1999,4 heralded an era of intense clinical and research activity leading to the establishment of the technique in the current surgical treatment of these movement disorders.

The first reports of use of the technique in neuropsychiatry also appeared in 1999: a report on stimulation of the thalamus for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome was published in February,5 and in the anterior internal capsule for obsessive compulsive …
REFRACTORY AMEBIC ABSCESS OF THE LIVER TREATED WITH CHLOROQUINE
Authors: JOHN EMMETT
Journal: JAMA (1949)

In 1948 Conan<sup>1</sup>reported 6 cases of hepatic amebiasis (without abscess of the liver) successfully treated with chloroquine. In the same year Murgatroyd and Kent<sup>2</sup>reported the cure of a case of refractory amebic abscess of the liver treated with chloroquine. The success of this treatment, after the failure of emetine, diiodo-hydroxyquinoline (diodoquine®) and penicillin given systemically and proflavine sulfate used locally, was striking. In 1949 Conan confirmed the efficacy of chloroquine against hepatic amebiasis (without abscess) with the report of several more cases in which it was used with success.3 The purpose of this article is to report a second case of refractory amebic abscess of the liver, which has been successfully treated by chloroquine, confirming the result reported by Murgatroyd and Kent. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> H. S., a white man aged 53, was admitted on Feb. 1, 1949 after transfer from another institution, where he had
Human Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompetent and Immunodeficient Persons
Authors: William L. Current, Norman C. Reese, John V. Ernst, Wilford S. Bailey, Melvin B. Heyman, Wilfred M. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Infection with cryptosporidium occurred in 12 immunocompetent persons who had direct contact with the feces of infected calves during three unrelated outbreaks of calf cryptosporidiosis. Nine of the twelve subjects had diarrhea and abdominal cramps that lasted 1 to 10 days. Infections were diagnosed and monitored by detection of oocysts in feces, with a modified Sheather's flotation technique and phase-contrast microscopy. Oocysts of cryptosporidium were isolated from calves but not from other animals with which these subjects had been in contact. Oocysts of cryptosporidium were also detected during repeated examinations of feces from two immunodeficient patients with persistent cryptosporidiosis. An apparently identical infection was transmitted to calves and mice, using oocysts from infected calves and human beings. Oocysts from an immunodeficient person also produced infections in kittens, puppies, and goats. This study shows that cryptosporidium may produce a moderate self-limited illness in immunocompetent persons, which contrasts sharply with the prolonged severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients who contract cryptosporidiosis. Calves with diarrhea should be considered a potential source of human infection, and immunocompromised persons should avoid contact with such animals.
More Uses for Apheresis
Authors: L. Muylle
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great interest the report of the American Medical Association Panel on Therapeutic Plasmapheresis<sup>1</sup>and were surprised that loiasis with hypermicrofilaremia and overwhelming<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>malaria were not included in the list of indications for apheresis. At least two reports<sup>2,3</sup>give strong evidence for the efficiency of apheresis in the removal of<i>Loa loa</i>microfilaria. This well-tolerated procedure is particularly useful in avoiding severe toxic reactions—in some cases fatal—occurring in patients with a high microfilarial load being treated with diethylcarbamazine. Similarly, automated erythrocyte exchange transfusion has proved effective in rapidly reducing high<i>P falciparum</i>blood load. Erythrocytapheresis combined with transfusion of packed red blood cells using a flow cell separator and specific chemotherapy should be strongly advocated in cases of malaria with either cerebral, renal, pulmonary, or hemostatic complications and parasitemia in excess of 10%.<sup>4-9</sup> Because apheresis may have a useful, and
Prison Health Care: Guidelines for the Management of an Adequate Delivery System
Authors: Alvin J. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This very useful text is much, much more than the title suggests. It is the first comprehensive reference book on correctional health care.<i>Prison Health Care</i>traces in fascinating detail the historical, legal, and ethical issues that characterize the field of correctional health care, illuminating the inherent conflicts between custody functions and health professional functions. Questions of confidentiality, informed consent, advance directives, and the participation of inmates in biomedical research have an added dimension in correctional health care. B. Jaye Anno, PhD, presents potential models for the organization of correctional health facilities, with detailed descriptions of organizational structure and function, architectural considerations, budget development, and fiscal management, as well as health promotion and disease prevention in the community of the correctional facility. She has devoted much attention to data management and documentation, quality assurance and continuous quality improvement, and the differing methods of operation of the several accreditation bodies. Especially
Abstract 5547: Glutathione-conjugate transport by RLIP76 is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis and chemical carcinogenesis
Authors: Sharad S. Singhal, Sushma Yadav, Dilki Wickramachchi, Jyotsana Singhal, Kathryn Leake, Rit Vatsyayan, Pankaj Chaudhary, Yogesh Awasthi, Sanjay Awasthi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Targeted depletion of the RALBP1 encoded 76 kDa splice variant, RLIP76, causes marked and sustained regression of human xenografts of lung, colon, prostate, and kidney cancer without toxicity in nude mouse models. We proposed that the remarkable efficacy and broad-spectrum of RLIP76-targeted therapy is because its glutathione-conjugate (GS-E) transport-activity is required for clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) that regulates all ligand-receptor signaling and that RLIP76 is required not only for survival of cancer cells, but also for their very existence. We studied RLIP76 mutant proteins and the functional consequences of their expression into RLIP76−/− MEFs which identified key residues for GS-E binding in RLIP76, established the requirement of RLIP76-mediated GS-E transport for CDE and demonstrated a direct correlation between GS-E transport activities with CDE. Depletion of RLIP76 near completely blocked signaling down-stream of EGF in a CDE-dependent manner and Wnt5a signaling in a CDE-independent manner. The seminal prediction of this hypothesis, that RLIP76−/− mice will be deficient in chemical neoplasia, was confirmed. Benzo[a]pyrene, dimethylbenzanthracene and phorbol esters are ineffective in causing neoplasia in RLIP76−/−. PMA-induced skin carcinogenesis in RLIP76+/+ mouse was suppressed completely by depletion of either PKCα or RLIP76 by siRNA or antisense and could be restored by topical application of RLIP76 protein in RLIP76−/− mouse skin. Likewise, chemical pulmonary carcinogenesis was absent in female and nearly absent in male RLIP76−/− mice. In RLIP76−/− mice, p53, p38, and JNK activation did not occur in response to either carcinogen. Our findings demonstrate a fundamental role of RLIP76 in chemical carcinogenesis. (Supported in part by NIH grant CA 77495 (SA), CA 155350, Cancer Research Foundation of North Texas, and Institute for Cancer Research &amp; the Joe &amp; Jessie Crump Fund for Medical Education (SS)) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5547. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5547
Clarification of Funding of Early Lung Cancer Study
Authors: Claudia Henschke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: In our article1 published in the October 26, 2006, issue of the Journal, one of the disclosed sources of funding was the Foundation for Lung Cancer: Early Detection, Prevention and Treatment, which provided partial support for our research. For full transparency we wish to inform you that $3.6 million (virtually all of the Foundation's funding) was contributed in 2000 through 2003 as an unrestricted gift by the Vector Group, the parent company of Liggett Tobacco, which manufactures cigarettes.
Roentgenographic Documentation of the Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Authors: Marshall Sparberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is responsible for 5% to 10% of cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis is suspected clinically and documented by endoscopy or at surgery. Except in one reported instance, roentgenographic studies uniformly have been negative. In two cases of severe, deep emetogenic lacerations of the distal esophagus, the lesions were sufficiently large to be detected on barium swallow. The lesions also were seen at endoscopy and confirmed surgically in both cases.