tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Additional Value of FDG PET Imaging for Distinguishing N0 or N1 From N2 Stage in Preoperative Staging of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Region Where the Prevalence of Inflammatory Lung Disease Is High
Authors: Cuneyt Turkmen, Kerim Sonmezoglu, Alper Toker, Dilek Ylmazbayhan, Sukru Dilege, Metin Halac, Mustafa Erelel, Turhan Ece, Ayse Mudun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PET imaging and compare it with the performance of CT in mediastinal and hilar lymph node staging in potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Fifty-nine patients with potentially resectable NSCLC who underwent preoperative PET and CT imaging were enrolled into this prospective study. All patients underwent surgical evaluation by means of mediastinoscopy with mediastinal lymph node sampling (14 patients) or thoracotomy (45 patients). Results: The prevalence of lymph node metastases was 53%. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of PET were 79%, 76%, 78%, 86%, and 76% for N0 and N1 lymph nodes and 76%, 79%, 80%, 67%, and 83% for N2 lymph nodes, while those values for CT were 66%, 43%, 58%, 68%, and 43% for N0 and N1 stations and 43%, 66%, 54%, 41%, and 66% for N2 lymph nodes, respectively. PET correctly differentiated cases with mediastinal lymph node involvement (N2) from those without such involvement (N0 or N1) in 76% of cases. Statistical analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of nodal involvement showed that PET improves diagnostic accuracy significantly in the detection of both N0 or N1 and N2 status in the individual patient based on analysis, compared with CT (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). When preoperative nodal staging was compared with postoperative histopathological staging, 38 (65%) patients were correctly staged, 9 (15%) were overstaged, and 12 (20%) were understaged by PET, while 29 patients (49%) were correctly staged, 13 (22%) were overstaged, and 17 (29%) were understaged by CT. Conclusion: It has been clearly shown that PET is more accurate than CT for the differentiation of N0 or N1 from N2 disease in patients with NSCLC. However, PET imaging alone does not appear to be sufficient to replace mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer, especially in geographic regions with high granulomatous or inflammatory mediastinal disease prevalence.
Activation of the endotoxin/toll-like receptor 4 pathway: The way to go from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis up to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Anna Alisi, Nadia Panera, Clara Balsano, Valerio Nobili
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the article by Yu et al.1 on the role of gut-derived endotoxin in hepatocarcinogenesis. In particular, the authors demonstrated that increased levels of endotoxemia observed in an experimental animal model of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis, were protective against liver cell apoptosis and seemed to promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In fact, Yu et al. found that treatment with antibiotics partially protected rats from diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which reduced the number of tumors and their maximum size. In addition, the animals treated with antibiotics showed decreased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 messenger RNA. Interestingly, diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC was reduced in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mutant mice, and they displayed a lower incidence of tumors and a smaller maximum tumor size associated with reduced infiltration of macrophages with respect to the control animals. The authors hypothesized that LPS could promote survival signaling by TLR4; this would allow tumor cells to escape apoptosis, induce compensatory proliferation in hepatocytes, and lead to HCC. It is well known that the development and progression of HCC can depend on several etiological factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).2, 3 Often, all these factors coexist; this leads to more rapid progression of the liver disease and increases the risk for HCC. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the gut-liver axis and particularly gut-derived endotoxin seem to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver diseases such as NASH.4 Although the real molecular mechanisms are still unknown, undoubtedly the activation of the endotoxin/TLR4 signaling pathway is pivotal to the pathogenic effect of the proinflammatory immune response in NASH.5 All these findings reinforce the idea that the crucial balance existing between gut microbial flora, intestinal permeability, the innate immune response, hepatocyte function, and Kupffer cell activation is decisive in the maintenance of liver cell homeostasis. However, Yu et al.1 add to this puzzle a novel piece of relevant information about potential mechanisms leading to HCC. In fact, by enhancing proinflammatory signals, LPS-dependent TLR4 activity possibly may not only favor progression from NASH to fibrosis but also trigger HCC next. We believe that this last point especially should make us reflect on the relevance of the innate immune pathogenesis of several chronic liver diseases and HCC. Anna Alisi Ph.D*, Nadia Panera*, Clara Balsano M.D , Valerio Nobili M.D , * Unit of Metabolic and Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Phenolic Content of Virgin Olive Oil Improves Ischemic Reactive Hyperemia in Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Authors: Juan Ruano, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Francisco Fuentes, Juan A. Moreno, Cecilia Bellido, Pablo Perez-Martinez, Aquiles Lozano, Purificación Gómez, Yolanda Jiménez, Francisco Pérez Jiménez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Effects of resting vagal tone on accessory atrioventricular connections.
Authors: F Morady, A H Kadish, S Schmaltz, S Rosenheck, J Summitt
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resting vagal tone on accessory atrioventricular (AV) connections. Atropine (0.04 mg/kg) was administered to 13 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and was found to have the following effects on the accessory AV connection: the anterograde block cycle length shortened from 305 +/- 51 to 279 +/- 54 msec (mean +/- SD; p less than 0.001); the retrograde block cycle length shortened from 288 +/- 57 to 251 +/- 50 msec (p less than 0.001); and the effective refractory period measured at a basic drive cycle length of 400 msec shortened from 295 +/- 45 to 265 +/- 47 msec in the anterograde direction (p less than 0.001) and from 283 +/- 18 to 261 +/- 12 msec in the retrograde direction (p less than 0.01). During atrial fibrillation, the mean ventricular cycle length decreased from 434 +/- 88 to 352 +/- 56 msec (p less than 0.001), and the shortest preexcited RR interval decreased from 302 +/- 56 to 256 +/- 43 msec (p less than 0.01). In another seven patients, propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) was administered before atropine, and atropine lengthened the anterograde block cycle length and the effective refractory period of the accessory AV connection; the magnitude of these effects was similar to that in the patients who did not receive propranolol. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that resting vagal tone exerts a direct depressant effect on accessory AV connections that does not require background sympathetic activity to be manifest.
PERICARDITIC PSEUDO-CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER, OR PICK'S DISEASE
Authors: A. W. Gill, T. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1929)

THE associaltioii in young people of enlirged liver iecul'ling ascites aid chronic adherent pericardium niot a, ve'y comI1111on condition.The earliest reported was probably time one reporte(d by Van Deen in 1846, -a more complete descriptioni was given in 1896 by the symptom-coniplex is-often described as -Pick's disease, om' Pick's l)eLi(alditic p)selllo -Cilllosis of the moclein textbooks of medicinle do -nomaoe mentionthis disease, but many monographs h-ave -bee4 w-r itten oln it, and mlost of -the references in this abstracted from a lengthy monograph by Kelly printedI in tIle .Anerican-Journal of -the Medical Sci%nces.Time disease presents many pi'oblems yet u'nsollved,notably the true cau1se of the conditioni and the relationship it bears to two other diseases-namely, Coneato's the one hand, and "Zuckergussleber," observed in 1852,, and graphically named sugar-iced liver Curschmmann in 1884, on the other.In Pick's diseasechronic adherent pericardium occurs association withchronic venous congestion of the w-hie few adhesions are found in the peritoneum, surfa,ce of the liver,-thlough ofteni opaque, does not the deinse layer of fibhsous tissue commoni in sugar-iced lii-ec.Rolleston in fact, declares-that there very definite microscopic disttinction in tlhese two conditions.-The fibroutisis'ue' inerease in Pick's disease i § deposited ull(le thie calpsule, wihIiereas in Cisrschmann's disease fibrouis overgroth is outside the capsule.The same author also states' that " if-pelitoneal adllesions are advanced, thie cond-ition.ceases tobe Pick's pseudo-cirrhosis peni-.cardittic or'igii," anid belongs to-that -of chronic universal periliepatit.isassociated with adhei'ent pericardium.Kelly
(34) Atrophic morphoea
Authors: W.F.G. Tucker, R.E. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (34) Atrophic morphoea Get access W.F.G. Tucker, Drs, W.F.G. Tucker, Drs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.E. Church R.E. Church Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Page 81, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07729.x Published: 01 July 1986
Multifunctional Aptamer-miRNA Conjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Carla L Esposito, Laura Cerchia, Silvia Catuogno, Gennaro De Vita, Justin P Dassie, Gianluca Santamaria, Piotr Swiderski, Gerolama Condorelli, Paloma H Giangrande, Vittorio de Franciscis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

While microRNAs (miRNAs) clearly regulate multiple pathways integral to disease development and progression, the lack of safe and reliable means for specific delivery of miRNAs to target tissues represents a major obstacle to their broad therapeutic application. Our objective was to explore the use of nucleic acid aptamers as carriers for cell-targeted delivery of a miRNA with tumor suppressor function, let-7g. Using an aptamer that binds to and antagonizes the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase Axl (GL21.T), here we describe the development of aptamer-miRNA conjugates as multifunctional molecules that inhibit the growth of Axl-expressing tumors. We conjugated the let-7g miRNA to GL21.T and demonstrate selective delivery to target cells, processing by the RNA interference machinery, and silencing of let-7g target genes. Importantly, the multifunctional conjugate reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, our data establish aptamer-miRNA conjugates as a novel tool for targeted delivery of miRNAs with therapeutic potential. While microRNAs (miRNAs) clearly regulate multiple pathways integral to disease development and progression, the lack of safe and reliable means for specific delivery of miRNAs to target tissues represents a major obstacle to their broad therapeutic application. Our objective was to explore the use of nucleic acid aptamers as carriers for cell-targeted delivery of a miRNA with tumor suppressor function, let-7g. Using an aptamer that binds to and antagonizes the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase Axl (GL21.T), here we describe the development of aptamer-miRNA conjugates as multifunctional molecules that inhibit the growth of Axl-expressing tumors. We conjugated the let-7g miRNA to GL21.T and demonstrate selective delivery to target cells, processing by the RNA interference machinery, and silencing of let-7g target genes. Importantly, the multifunctional conjugate reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, our data establish aptamer-miRNA conjugates as a novel tool for targeted delivery of miRNAs with therapeutic potential.
Perceptual responses in patients with inflammatory and functional bowel disease
Authors: L Chang
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</h3> Enhanced visceral sensitivity following a transient inflammatory process in the gut has been postulated as an aetiological mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study we compared perceptual responses to rectosigmoid distension in patients with mild chronic inflammation of the rectum (ulcerative colitis (UC)) and patients without mucosal inflammation (IBS) to determine if chronic low grade mucosal inflammation may be a plausible explanation for rectosigmoid hypersensitivity reported in both IBS and UC patients. <h3>METHODS</h3> UC disease activity was quantified using activity index scores. Perception thresholds for discomfort during rectosigmoid distension were compared between 11 UC patients with quiescent or mild disease activity, 18 IBS patients, and 13 healthy controls. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Although UC activity index scores negatively correlated with perceptual thresholds for discomfort (<i>r</i>=−0.76, p=0.016), UC patients had higher discomfort thresholds compared with IBS patients and controls before (p=0.02) and after (p<i>&lt;</i>0.001) a noxious sigmoid conditioning stimulus. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Rectal perception was attenuated in UC but enhanced in IBS. In chronic mild inflammation, activation of antinociceptive mechanisms may prevent the development of visceral hyperalgesia. Low grade mucosal inflammation alone is unlikely to be responsible for symptoms in functional gastrointestinal disorders.
New outpatient appointments systems.
Authors: J R Kirwan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

admissions.Between the hours of 8 am and 6 pm this duty is conducted by the resident attached to the receiving unit of that day; on arrival of the night staff at 6 pm he or she reverts to a "second on" role, attending to all in house problems before retiring to bed at about 11 pm.All further difficulties are then dealt with by the night resident.Each block of night duty continues uninterrupted for about two weeks and each resident works two such blocks in any six month attachment.By extending the night shift across weekends, with two residents working during the day, one may finish at 6 pm on both Saturday and Sunday; however, the unfortunate consequence of this is that by involving three residents to cover the two days a straight one in three weekends on a conventional rota is reduced to what approaches a one in two with a shift system.This, however, has been accepted as the price that must be paid to reap the benefits of the system as a whole.This shift system has overcome the problem of weekend and holiday cover, which was the major drawback of the system described by Dr D G Nasmyth and colleagues.'Their experience and ours show that shift working is feasible in acute hospital services without impairing continuity of patient care.
Therapeutic applications of glycosidic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Jean‐Yves Winum, Sally‐Ann Poulsen,, Claudiu T. Supuran
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

The zinc enzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are very efficient catalysts for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and hence play an important physiological role. In humans, 16 different isozymes have been described, some of them being involved in various pathological disorders. Several of these isozymes are considered as drug targets, and the design of selective inhibitors is a long-standing goal that has captured the attention of researchers for 40 years and has lead to clinical applications against different pathologies such as glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer. Among the different strategies developed for designing selective CA inhibitors (CAIs), the "sugar approach" has recently emerged as a new attractive and versatile tool. Incorporation of glycosyl moieties in different aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamide/sulfamides/sulfamates scaffolds has led to the development of numerous and very effective inhibitors of potential clinical value. The clinical use of a highly active carbohydrate-based CA inhibitor, i.e., topiramate, constitutes an interesting demonstration of the validity of this approach. Other carbohydrate-based compounds also demonstrate promising potential for the treatment of ophthalmologic diseases. This review will focus on the development of this emerging sugar-based approach for the development of CAIs.
The 5-Minute Sports Medicine Consult
Authors: Dilip R. Patel
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effects of Ethyl Alcohol on the Heart
Authors: Brent M. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE recognition that ethyl alcohol may be associated with heart disease dates back more than 100 years. In the late 1800s Bollinger, Maguire, Osier, MacKenzie, and others suggested that alcohol could cause myocardial disease, and Graham Steell suggested that alcoholism was a comparatively common cause of myocardial failure. Subsequently, the discovery of beriberi heart disease led to the conclusion that heart disease in the alcoholic patient should be attributed to nutritional deficiency. However, during the past 15 years, the view that<i>alcohol is a direct myocardial toxin</i>has been supported by results of several studies in animals and man; alcoholic cardiomyopathy as a clinical entity has been the focus of renewed interest. Infusions of high concentrations of alcohol inhibit myocardial contractility in the turtle, rat, dog, and cat. Long-term oral administration of alcohol results in decreased cardiac contractility in the rat. In well-nourished mice, it leads to a decrease in
Presence of renin secretory granules in rat adrenal gland and stimulation of renin secretion by angiotensin II but not by adrenocorticotropin.
Authors: K Mizuno, L H Hoffman, J C McKenzie, T Inagami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Renin has been identified biochemically and immunohistochemically in the adrenal gland. We examined the subcellular distribution and behavior of adrenal renin. By differential centrifugation of adrenal capsules, we found renin mainly in mitochondrial fractions. By Percoll density gradient centrifugation of this fraction, dense granules were separated from mitochondria and microsomes. The renin activity in the dense granules from the capsules of nephrectomized rats was 15 times greater than that of the intact rat. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the dense granules increased in number after bilateral nephrectomy. Immunogold staining of these granules showed unequivocally the presence of renin in these granules. Adrenal capsules in organ culture were found to release renin at a steady rate. Renin release from bilaterally nephrectomized rat adrenals was 46 times faster than from the organs of intact animals. The mechanism of the control of renin secretion from the adrenal gland was different from the kidney in that the secretion was stimulated by potassium chloride (10 mM) or angiotensin II (10(-9)-10(-7) M) but not by ACTH (10(-9)-10(-7) M), suggesting stimulation by intracellular calcium. These results provide evidence that the adrenal synthesizes renin, stores it in specific secretory granules and secretes it in a regulated manner.
THE GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONIST EXENATIDE IS SAFE AND MAY BE CARDIOPROTECTIVE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: THE EXAMI PHASE L TRIAL
Authors: Flip Bernink, M. Scholte, Leo Timmers, R.N. Denham, Aernout Beek, O. Kamp, M. Diamant, Weena Chen, Albert van Rossum, Niels van Royen, A.J.G. Horrevoets, P. Doevendans, Yolande Appelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Investigating suspected anaemia
Authors: J. Uprichard, B. J Bain
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a subject of debate. We aimed to assess the risk and incidence rate of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a large cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases in Qatar. <h3>Methods</h3> All SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed cases with at least one PCR positive swab that is ≥45 days after a first positive swab were individually investigated for evidence of reinfection, and classified as showing <i>strong, good, some</i>, or <i>weak/no</i> evidence for reinfection. Risk and incidence rate of reinfection were estimated. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 133,266 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 243 persons (0.18%) had at least one subsequent positive swab ≥45 days after the first positive swab. Of these, 54 cases (22.2%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Median time between first and reinfection swab was 64.5 days (range: 45-129). Twenty-three of the 54 cases (42.6%) were diagnosed at a health facility suggesting presence of symptoms, while 31 (57.4%) were identified incidentally through random testing campaigns/surveys or contact tracing. Only one person was hospitalized at or following time of reinfection swab, but still had relatively mild infection. No deaths were recorded. Risk of reinfection was estimated at 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.05%) and incidence rate of reinfection was estimated at 1.09 (95% CI: 0.84-1.42) per 10,000 person-weeks. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SARS-CoV-2 reinfection appears to be a rare phenomenon suggestive of a strong protective immunity against reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post primary infection.
CT ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDING IS A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF 30 DAY MORTALITY IN PROVOKED AND UNPROVOKED ACUTE PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM
Authors: Chan Joon Kim, Hae Ok Jung, Jae-Sun Uhm, Soo Yeon Jung, Gee-Hee Kim, Suk Min Seo, Woo-Baek Jung, Ho-Joong Youn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
MAGE qPCR Improves the Sensitivity and Accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the Detection of Lymphatic Cancer Spread
Authors: Beatrix Cucuruz, Sebastian Dango, Vindi Jurinovic, Olga Mayer, Marie Follo, Joachim Böhm, Nikolaus Freudenberg, Mirjam Elze, Wulf Sienel, Christoph A. Klein, Bernward Passlick, Bernhard Polzer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)