tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can Large-Scale Interventions Improve Care?
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The burgeoning outcomes measurement industry has generated growing attention to steps that governments and organizations can take to promote better outcomes. In an era of growing belief in market forces and disquiet with regulation, publishing information for consumers and providing technical assistance to providers have special appeal. A leader in the former has been New York State, which has published statewide information on mortality rates of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) centers and surgeons. Three years ago, Hannan and colleagues<sup>1</sup>reported that publication of performance had been followed by a 41% decrease in risk-adjusted CABG mortality rates in New York between 1987 and 1993. They argued that publication played a significant role in the decline. Last year, O'Connor and colleagues<sup>2</sup>reported a 24% decrease in risk-adjusted mortality between 1987 and 1993 in the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group, which is a voluntary quality improvement consortium of
Geographical variation in the prevalence of sensitization to common aeroallergens in adults: the <scp>GA<sup>2</sup>LEN</scp> survey
Authors: R. B. Newson, R. van Ree, B. Forsberg, C. Janson, J. Lötvall, S.‐E. Dahlén, E. M. Toskala, J. Bælum, G. M. Brożek, L. Kasper, M. L. Kowalski, P. H. Howarth, W. J. Fokkens, C. Bachert, T. Keil, U. Krämer, J. Bislimovska, M. Gjomarkaj, C. Loureiro, P. G. J. Burney, D. Jarvis
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Geographical variation in the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens may reflect differences in exposure to risk factors such as having older siblings, being raised on a farm or other unidentified exposures. Objective We wanted to measure geographical variation in skin prick test positivity and assess whether it was explained by differences in family size and/or farm exposure. We also compared prevalence in younger and older subjects. Methods Within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network ( GA 2 LEN ) survey, we measured the prevalence of skin prick positivity to a panel of allergens, and geometric mean serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), in 3451 participants aged 18–75 years in 13 areas of Europe. Estimated prevalence was standardized to account for study design. We compared prevalence estimates in younger and older subjects and further adjusted for age, gender, smoking history, farm exposure, number of older siblings and body mass index ( BMI ). Results Skin prick test positivity to any one of the measured allergens varied within Europe from 31.4% to 52.9%. Prevalence of sensitization to single allergens also varied. Variation in serum total IgE was less marked. Younger participants had higher skin prick sensitivity prevalence, but not total IgE, than older participants. Geographical variation remained even after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Geographical variation in the prevalence of skin prick test positivity in Europe is unlikely to be explained by geographical variation in gender, age, smoking history, farm exposure, family size and BMI . Higher prevalence in younger, compared to older, adults may reflect cohort‐associated increases in sensitization or the influence of ageing on immune or tissue responses.
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 mediates liver fibrosis by regulating free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Kengo Tomita, Toshiaki Teratani, Takahiro Suzuki, Motonori Shimizu, Hirokazu Sato, Kazuyuki Narimatsu, Shingo Usui, Hirotaka Furuhashi, Akifumi Kimura, Kiyoshi Nishiyama, Tadashi Maejima, Yoshikiyo Okada, Chie Kurihara, Katsuyoshi Shimamura, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Hidetsugu Saito, Hirokazu Yokoyama, Chikako Watanabe, Shunsuke Komoto, Shigeaki Nagao, Kazuo Sugiyama, Suefumi Aosasa, Kazuo Hatsuse, Junji Yamamoto, Toshifumi Hibi, Soichiro Miura, Ryota Hokari, Takanori Kanai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Nurse Practitioners (and Other Physician Extenders) Are Not an Appropriate Replacement for Expert Physician Electrocardiogram Readers in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Sumit Som
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

I read with great interest the letter from Drew et al. [(1)][1] on finding electrocardiogram (ECG) readers in clinical practice. I agree that there appears to be a dearth of expert ECG interpreters in community hospitals, where clinical cardiologists or electrophysiologists may not always be
Sexual Function in Diabetic Patients
Authors: MAX ELLENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Although sexual dysfunction in the male diabetic has been recognized for many years, only recently has systematic investigation been undertaken to understand the problems involved. The marked increase of impotence in diabetes has been shown to be, to a significant extent, a result of diabetic autonomic pelvic neuropathy. However, awareness of other causes of impotence is essential for proper diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Strikingly, the marked impact of diabetes on male sexual function is not shared by the female diabetic patient, whose sex interest and orgasmic reaction are essentially unimpaired when compared with those of the nondiabetic female.
Co-prescription of co-trimoxazole and spironolactone in elderly patients
Authors: L. Wei, T. M. MacDonald, I. S. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The combination should be used with caution because of the risk of hyperkalaemia

Although much effort goes into understanding the risks and benefits of recently licensed drugs, less is known about many of the older drugs that are prescribed widely. For example, the phrase “safe as aspirin” is often used to extol the safety virtues of a drug, even though aspirin is one of the main culprits when it comes to hospital admissions related to an adverse drug event.1 Spironolactone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) are two “older” drugs about which we should know more. In the linked case-control study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d5228), Antoniou and colleagues assess the risk of admission to hospital for hyperkalaemia in elderly patients treated with co-trimoxazole in combination with spironolactone.2 

Spironolactone works well in congestive heart failure,3 resistant hypertension,4 hyperaldosteronism,5 and hypertension in general.6 Despite hypertension being an unlicensed indication in the United Kingdom, the new guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on hypertension name spironolactone as an option for fourth line treatment.7 Because of these benefits, the use of …
MARIMO cells harbor a CALR mutation but are not dependent on JAK2/STAT5 signaling
Authors: K Kollmann, J Nangalia, W Warsch, H Quentmeier, A Bench, E Boyd, M Scott, H G Drexler, A R Green
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

at three other trinucleotides was also significantly higher in relapsed AML compared to presentation disease (Table 1), suggesting the presence of mutation signatures from other chemotherapy agents.In summary, these data demonstrate that Ara-C preferentially induces mutation at 5′ TpGpA 3′ / 5′ TpCpA 3′ sequences which are significantly elevated in relapse disease after exposure to Ara-Ccontaining regimens.Given the relationship between Ara-C dose and mutagenicity reported here, a consideration of chemotherapyinduced mutagenicity could be important when developing strategies for treating AML that maximise the likelihood of remission whilst minimising the risk of mutation in surviving cells which could contribute to evolution of relapse disease.
CD20-positive adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: Masaki Yasukawa, Junko Arai, Miki Kakimoto, Ikuya Sakai, Hidehisa Kohno, Shigeru Fujita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis. Monoclonal integration of HTLV-I provirus DNA was detected, and a diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was made. Flow cytometry revealed that the ATL cells expressed CD20 as well as T-cell-associated antigens, and expression of CD20 mRNA was also demonstrated. A novel T-cell subpopulation expressing CD20 molecules has recently been identified. This is the first report of CD20-positive ATL, suggesting that HTLV-I can infect and transform CD20-positive T cells. Am. J. Hematol. 66:39–41, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synergistic effect of SU11248 with cytarabine or daunorubicin on FLT3 ITD–positive leukemic cells
Authors: Kevin W. H. Yee, Marcus Schittenhelm, Anne-Marie O'Farrell, Ajia R. Town, Laura McGreevey, Troy Bainbridge, Julie M. Cherrington, Michael C. Heinrich
Journal: Blood (2004)
Time Stood Still
Authors: Paul R. Garrett
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A brief note in MEDICAL NEWS (240:1218, 1978) suggests that the turn-of-the-century concoction for epilepsy based on the after-birth of a woman was devised by physicians of the day who were testing their creativity. On the contrary, in 1676 Salmon<sup>1</sup>(undoubtedly not the originator) discussed the medicinal use of "the secundine and the navel string" as follows: A Drop or two of the Blood of the Navel String... prevents the Falling-sickness, Convulsions, and all other Fits... The Secundine calcin'd, and given in Southernwood Water... every Day half an Ounce, while the Moon decreases in Light (and if possible in Motion too) wonderfully cures Struma's, or the Kings-Evil, and the Falling-sickness [epilepsy]. More than 225 years without a single, randomized, clinical study with an adequate control?
Quick Method for Estimating Body Surface Area
Authors: William D. Snively
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Body surface area is increasingly used as a dosage criterion, not only for administration of water and electrolytes,<sup>1,2</sup>but also for drug therapy.<sup>3</sup>Its chief merit is that requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as therapeutic doses of many pharmaceutical agents, are roughly proportional to body surface area, except for neonates and premature infants. The convenience thus offered the clinician is obvious. In addition, body surface area appears to offer increased accuracy and safety, despite theoretical objections<sup>4</sup>to its scientific validity as a gauge for dosage. The physician cannot, of course, measure body surface area directly. For this reason, nomograms (requiring measurement of height and weight) and weight-to-surface area tables (requiring weight only) have been employed. But the physician who forgets his nomogram or table, or who has no way to obtain the patient's weight, cannot estimate the patient's body surface area. A less cumbersome method
Exfoliative Cytology in Metastatic Cancer of the Lung
Authors: Barbara F. Rosenberg, Harlan J. Spjut, Marjorie M. Gedney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CYTOLOGIC study of sputum and bronchial washings has proved a valuable aid in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. Mention is made in several reports of positive cytologic results in metastatic carcinoma to the lung,1 2 3 4 but little emphasis has been placed on this aspect of lung cytology. Several cases in our experience in which the cytologic diagnosis was the only microscopical evidence of metastatic cancer, or in which the plan of therapy was altered on the basis of the cytologic findings, prompted a more thorough study of all cases of metastatic lung cancer in which cytologic examination of . . .
ADDENBROOKE'S HOSPITAL, CAMBRIDGE: TWO CASES OF ENCYSTED URINARY CALCULUS. LITHOTRITY THRICE, LITHOTOMY FOUR TIMES BY THE LATERAL, ONCE BY THE RECTO-URETHRAL INCISION, ON ONE PATIENT: LITHOTRITY AND LITHOTOMY TWICE, ON THE OTHER
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1856)

under the care of Dr. Alderson.Five months ago he was laid up with small- pox; from this he had recovered about a mouth, but for the last week he had suffered severely with pains in the shoulders and limbs, the joints having been much swollen.For this he was admitted.He now complained of pain in the shoulders and knees; the latter were slightly swollen, but he could walk tolerably; his skin was cool and per- spiring, everywhere covered with cicatrices, exhibiting loss of substance, exactly similar to those left by variola.He had occasional chills and heats, with slight cough.Tongue clean.Pulse 96.Urine natural.He was placed upon full diet, with bark and colchicum, under which treatment he steadily improved till January 17th, when his former symptoms returned, with violent headache, a furred tongue, and a rapid weak pulse.Salines were now given.The next day he had nausea, rigors, and severe aching in his back and limbs.January 9th.The above symptoms continued unabated.His eyes were much congested, and his face thickly covered with an ill-defined eruption; over the limbs and body the skin around the old cicatrices was red and inflamed, form- ing bright red patches, with very distinct margins, giving a peculiar appearance; elsewhere it was of the natural colour.January 20th.Over the forehead the eruption is more tuberculated, and feels like shot beneath the skin; the eye- lids are much swollen; he has a sore throat, and is troubled with a short dry cough.He was very restless and delirious through the night, but now is quiet, and answers rationally.January 21st.The spots on the face are increasiDg in size, having a hard inflamed base, many of them are dis- tinctly indented.Over the body and extremities the erup- tion is coming out, especially around the old scars, so that now few of thea can be seen.He is very delirious at times, especially towards night.He swallows with great difficulty; has a Tery foul tongue, and a quick, weak, irritable pulse., January 22nd.The eruption over the face is becoming pustular, and, in places, confluent; the eyelids are com- pletely closed.He takes scarcely any nourishment.January 23rd and 24th.He is not delirious now, but cannot sleep, and continues restless.Tongue brown, dry, and hard; throat very sore.He is ordered, as a gargle, and to drink, an ounce of port wine, with a drachm of yeast in half a pint of water, which is very grateful to him.The pustules over the face have all run together, encrust- ing it in one large scab.Over the rest of the body the sin is so thickly covered with pustules that it is impossible to place the tip of the finger on any part without touching some.January 25th and 26th.The pustules have become con- fluent over the scrotum, and down the inside of the thighs;
Sertraline for Treatment of Depression in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Daniel I. Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In-flight Deaths
Authors: M. McKim Davis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  We read the article by Cummins et al 1 with interest. For the last 5 years, we have worked in one of the three suburban hospitals—Northeast Community Hospital—that receive patients from Dallas/Ft Worth Airport, a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Airlines. Based on intuitive impressions, we felt the number of travel-related deaths to be underestimated worldwide. We therefore reviewed our charts of patients brought in by ambulance from the airport.  Study.—  Of 366 admissions from the airport in 1987, two hundred sixty-one were travelers and 105 were residents. In the group of travelers, there were 11 cardiac arrests, 52 admissions to the intensive care unit, and one patient who left the hospital against medical advice, having sustained a documented myocardial infarction. Of the patients who suffered cardiac arrests, three survived to be admitted to the intensive care unit, where their condition subsequently deteriorated. Two of
Most US Troops May Leave Somalia by May; Military Medicine Still Likely to Have Role
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

OPERATION RESTORE HOPE in Somalia may become a United Nations—centered peacekeeping effort within the next 8 weeks. But US military medicine probably will remain involved, because the planned 25000-member United Nations force is expected to include about 4000 military personnel from this country. Those 4000 contrast with the 24883 US military members who were serving in Somalia at the beginning of last month. There has been concern on the part of US military medical people and others in recent days because of an increase in violence, some directed against Americans and members of other nations' military units, on the part of warring factions and those intent on robbery. In addition to potential violence, there is the risk of death or injury from unrelated accidents. And the hot-weather season also is about to begin. Temperatures in Mogadishu, for example, increase in April to a mean daily maximum of 32°C (90°F) and
The Fas/Fas-Ligand System Is Not Required for Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: KAZUTETSU AOSHIBA, SHUJI YASUI, JUN TAMAOKI, ATSUSHI NAGAI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Recent studies suggest that Fas–Fas-ligand (FasL) interactions play an important role in the development of lung injury and fibrosis. However, evidence to support this concept is still indirect. To determine whether Fas–FasL interaction is required for the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, we used Fas-deficient (lpr) and FasL-deficient (gld ) mice as animal models. After intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, we examined the lungs of mice through bronchoalveolar lavage, histologic studies, DNA nick-end labeling, and hydroxyproline assay. The development of cellular infiltrates, bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial apoptosis, and fibrosis following bleomycin instillation in the lungs in lpr mice and gld mice was similar to their development in wild-type mice. The results of this study show that bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis does not require Fas–FasL interaction, and that epithelial cell apoptosis after bleomycin exposure is mediated by Fas-independent pathways.
TCT-832 Utility of Newer Oral Anticoagulants in High Risk Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Manu Kaushik, Venkata M. Alla, Ajay K. Kaja, Vimalkumar V. Kandasamy, Thomas Lanspa, Michael D. White
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Activation of JAK/STAT pathway transduces cytoprotective signal in rat acute myocardial infarction
Authors: S Negoro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: We reported that the activation of gp130 transduced hypertrophic and cytoprotective signals via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway in cardiac myocytes. Recent in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT pathway is activated in acute pressure overload hearts. The present study was designed to examine whether the JAK/STAT pathway is also activated in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine its pathophysiological roles in ischemic heart disease. Methods and results: AMI model was generated by the ligation of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery of male Wistar rat. They were sacrificed at various time points ranging from 1 to 24 h after coronary ligation and their hearts were examined. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 was observed in the myocardium obtained from both the ischemic area and the healthy border area adjacent to the infarcted area. The AMI rats were next randomly assigned to two groups, one with coronary ligation only (group M), and the other with coronary ligation with AG-490 treatment (1 mg/kg i.v., every 4 h), a specific JAK2 inhibitor (group A). In group A, phosphorylation of STAT3 was significantly suppressed and caspase-3 activity and Bax expression were significantly increased in the myocardium after AMI. In group M, few apoptotic myocytes were identified in the border area by means of TUNEL assay. However, a significant increase in apoptotic cells was observed in group A. Conclusions: Administration of JAK2 inhibitor resulted in deterioration of myocardial viability in AMI hearts. The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in AMI myocardium and plays a pivotal role in cytoprotective signaling.
Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Michet Cj, McKenna Ch, Luthra Hs, O'Fallon Wm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

To define the natural history of relapsing polychondritis, the probability of survival and causes of death were determined in 112 patients seen at one institution. By using covariate analysis, early clinical manifestations were identified that predicted mortality. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival after diagnosis were 74% and 55%, respectively. The most frequent causes of death were infection, systemic vasculitis, and malignancy. Only 10% of the deaths could be attributed to airway involvement by chondritis. Anemia at diagnosis was a marker for decreased survival in the entire group. There was an interaction between other disease variables and age in determining their impact on outcome. For patients less than 51 years old, saddle-nose deformity and systemic vasculitis were the worst prognostic signs. For older patients, only anemia predicted outcome. The need for corticosteroid therapy did not influence survival.
One-year outcome of high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction with or without diabetes: Data from the MISTRAL study
Authors: Samuele Baldasseroni, Giuseppe Steffenino, Francesco Chiarella, Giobanni Maria Santoro, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Maria Luisa Laudisa, Donata Lucci, Aldo P. Maggioni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Dietary Fat and Serum Lipids in Diabetes
Authors: George J. Schroepfer, Bradford Friedrich, Frederick C. Goetz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A MARKED tendency to atherosclerosis and to elevated levels of serum lipid is a feature of diabetes mellitus familiar to most physicians. Although the causal relation between elevated serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis cannot be regarded as proved, it is natural to consider, in the treatment of diabetes, measures found to be effective in lowering lipid levels in nondiabetic persons. Among these measures restriction of the proportion of calories in the diet furnished by fat (especially saturated fat) has received particularly wide attention.1 Certain animal studies — in dogs2 and rats3 — have shown a decrease in the hyperlipemia of . . .
Case of Hysterical Vomiting and Sleeplessness
Authors: F. W. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1870)

I37in the advanced stages of incurable Bright's disease.I refer particularly to the cramps and muscular twitchings, which are frequent pre- cursors of convulsions, and the distressing restlessness which, associated as it is in a greater or less degree with uraemia, is generally aggravated by opiates.