tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms in Asthma
Authors: PETER J. BARNES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Much of the research in asthma has focused on the multiple proinflammatory mechanisms involved in this complex inflammatory disease (1). Much less attention has been paid to endogenous antiinflammatory mechanisms that may counteract or limit the inflammatory process in asthma. It is possible that these inhibitory mechanisms might be defective, resulting in increased or more prolonged inflammation. Such mechanisms, if deficient, might also be important in determining the severity of asthma, which differs markedly and inexplicably between patients. Little is understood about the factors that determine severity in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, but it is possible that endogenous inhibitory mechanisms may be of critical importance. There has been relatively little research into endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in asthma, but it is likely that understanding these processes may give a better understanding of disease severity. This may also lead to novel therapeutic approaches, such as drugs that increase the release of endogenous inhibitors or mimic their effects. Such therapeutic approaches are attractive since they may restore antiinflammatory mechanisms to normal and thus carry a lower risk of adverse effects in the long term.
Dr. de Jonge and Colleagues Reply
Authors: Peter de Jonge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

factors did not create sufficiently distinct constructs for comparison.The authors utilized exploratory factor analysis to derive a factor structure in which five items (sadness, pessimism, dissatisfaction, social withdrawal, indecisiveness) load robustly on both the somatic/affective and cognitive/affective factors, artifactually inflating the correlation between the factors.The authors do not report factor correlations, but factor scores calculated using the authors' paradigm correlated highly in samples of 285 myocardial infarction patients (r=0.79)(2) and 913 patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction (r=0.78)(3).This high correlation and substantial item overlap, however, raises the question of what is behind the differential relationship of the factors with physical health indicators.Do only one or two items produce this difference?If so, which ones?
Exophytic Nodule on the Scalp—Quiz Case
Authors: Christopher D. Sibley, Holly A. Brown, A. Robertson Harrop, Richard M. Haber
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Hypertension from Cold Remedies
Authors: D. R. Laurence
Journal: BMJ (1969)

satisfactory therapeutic response.The total available evidence suggests that had lower degrees of prothrombin activity been consistently maintained the results might have more closely resembled those of the Anticoagulant Committee of the American Heart Association,2 Loeliger and his co-workers,' and Meuwissen and Hart,' Aspenstrbm and Korsan-Bengtsen,' and the results of the U.S.
MODIFICATION OF THE BOWLES STETHOSCOPE
Authors: J. Birney Guthrie
Journal: JAMA (1923)

I have used a stethoscope of the Bowles diaphragm type for nearly twenty years. In this time there have been foot pieces of various shapes offered by the makers of the instrument. Most of us are familiar with the instrument, which consists essentially of a hard rubber diaphragm held in a flat metal case which serves as a tambour for the stethoscope. This tambour is connected by a single flexible rubber tube to a metal Y-shaped connecting tube from which two flexible rubber tubes form a connection with the two tubular ends of the binaural ear piece (Fig. 1). There are three types of foot pieces in common use, the large circular, the small circular and the flatiron type. The latter type has been the one that I have preferred, chiefly because of its fitting with ease into the supraclavicular spaces in the auscultation of the apexes of the lungs.
Perinatal and neonatal determinants of childhood type 1 diabetes. A case-control study in Yorkshire, U.K.
Authors: P A McKinney, R Parslow, K A Gurney, G R Law, H J Bodansky, R Williams
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To identify environmental factors that exert their effect in the perinatal and neonatal period and influence the subsequent onset of insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes during childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A population-based case-control study of data abstracted from the hospital obstetric and neonatal records of 196 children with type 1 diabetes and 325 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Analysis of matched sets by conditional logistic regression was conducted for a range of perinatal and neonatal factors. RESULTS: A significantly raised risk was observed for illnesses in the neonatal period (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06-2.44), the majority of which were infections and respiratory difficulties. Exclusive breast feeding as the initial feeding method was significantly protective (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94). There were no significant associations with high- or low-birth weight, being firstborn or small-for-dates. All factors significant (5% level) for the entire dataset, that is, maternal age, type 1 diabetes in mothers, preeclampsia, delivery by cesarean section, neonatal illnesses, and initial breast feeding were modeled and the OR remained significant for all variables other than cesarean section. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are based on medical record data that cannot be subject to biased recall of mothers. Neonatal illnesses increased and initial breast feeding decreased the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. Further determinants of risk are mothers with type 1 diabetes, older mothers, and preeclampsia during pregnancy.
Abstract P5-10-10: Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Luminal A Breast Cancers
Authors: HM Heneghan, A McDermott, C Malone, R McLaughlin, KJ Sweeney, MJ. Kerin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Perou and Serlie's molecular portraits of breast tumors explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of breast cancers by demonstrating diversity in gene expression, and classify tumors into 5 unique subgroups. The commonest breast cancer intrinsic subtype, Luminal A (ER/PR+, HER2-), generally carries a good prognosis with lower incidence of metastatic spread and longer disease free and overall survival compared to non-luminal tumors. Yet within the Luminal A subgroup there appears to be heterogeneous outcome; and debate continues as to the need for adjuvant chemotherapy within this cohort. In the absence of validated molecular predictors of response to chemotherapy, we aimed to assess the outcomes of a large cohort of Luminal A breast cancer patients in order to determine prognostic factors which may guide future treatment strategies for this subgroup. Methods: 1355 breast cancer patients treated in a tertiary referral symptomatic breast cancer unit, with known molecular subtype, were identified. 965 had Luminal A primary breast tumors, of whom 57% had received adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicopathological details of all patients were reviewed, including particular details of the chemotherapeutic regimens administered. Current outcome in terms of disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was determined. Kaplan-Meir &amp; multivariate analyses were performed to identify tumor/patient characteristics indicative of poor response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Mean follow-up was 61.3 months. Overall &amp; disease free survival were significantly better for those who received adjuvant chemotherapy (Mean OS: 60 vs. 54 months, p=0.051. DFS: 54 vs. 44 months, P&amp;lt;0.001). Patients whose disease progressed despite chemotherapy had poorer prognostic indicators at the time of diagnosis, compared to their Luminal A counterparts who remained disease free: including significantly greater tumor size (30.34mm vs. 25.0mm, p=0.01), 69% were node positive and 59.4% had stage 3 or 4 disease (chi square&amp;lt;0.001). Of the cohort of Luminal A patients who remained disease free throughout follow-up, 40% had not received adjuvant chemotherapy. Those women who remained disease free despite not receiving systemic chemotherapy had smaller tumors (26mm vs. 31 mm, p=0.021) were generally postmenopausal (80% vs. 56%, P&amp;lt;0.001) and had predominantly node negative (59% vs. 37%, P&amp;lt;0.001) early stage I and II disease (78% vs. 73%, p=0.001), compared to those surviving women who did get chemotherapy. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial in the cohort of Luminal A's with advanced disease at diagnosis. However it is critically importance to identify this particular subgroup &amp; spare those with early disease the toxicity of treatment from which they are unlikely to derive further benefit. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-10.
Pacing in perspective: concepts and controversies.
Authors: V Parsonnet, A D Bernstein
Journal: Circulation (1986)

CARDIAC PACING is only a quarter of a century old, and during its first 20 years it enjoyed meteoric and unbridled growth.During the past 5 years, however, the practice has been attacked from within by criti- cisms of its medical applications and from without by accusations of flamboyant advertising, excessive prof- its, unacceptable management practices, and, in some cases, fraud.These claims have been made into political issues, with the "industrial-professional complex" being accused of wasting three billion dollars a year.' To identify important developments in the field and, at the same time, to determine rationally whether any justification exists for some of the accusations, it is necessary to review the state of the art of pacing and examine the facts objectively.Only then can one ap- preciate the extent of the existing problems and con- template their potential solutions.The pacing industry is small.The largest manufac- turer (Medtronic, Inc.) ranks 496th in the "Fortune 500" list of American industries, with net pacemaker sales worldwide of approximately $280 million.The total cost of pacing includes devices, hospitalization, physicians' fees, and follow-up.In 1981 approximately 118,000 pulse generators were implanted in the United States.2The major pacemaker manufacturers estimate that the figure for 1985 will be 90,000.Of the approximately 500,000 patients with permanent pace- makers living in the United States, about 90% are being followed by pacemaker surveillance services or by their own private physicians.Medicare, which re- imburses individuals who are age 65 or older for medical services, pays approximately $775 million annual- ly for pacing therapy.Because each primary implantation or pulse-generator replacement involves the purchase of a device, information about costs and
Essential Role for Retinoic Acid in the Promotion of CD4+ T Cell Effector Responses via Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha
Authors: Jason A. Hall, Jennifer L. Cannons, John R. Grainger, Liliane M. Dos Santos, Timothy W. Hand, Shruti Naik, Elizabeth A. Wohlfert, David B. Chou, Guillaume Oldenhove, Melody Robinson, Michael E. Grigg, Robin Kastenmayer, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Yasmine Belkaid
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Outpatient Management of HIV-Related Pneumonia
Authors: Stephen L. Becker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 December 1996Outpatient Management of HIV-Related PneumoniaStephen L. Becker, MDStephen L. Becker, MDCalifornia Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94107.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The editorial by Masur and Shelhamer [1] is an important addition to the developing literature on practice guidelines for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One point deserves further attention. If sputum studies do not provide a diagnosis and bronchoscopy is planned, transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage should also be done. In cases in which bronchoscopy is required for diagnosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is not the usual cause and biopsy will also be necessary to establish the diagnosis. In many institutions, bronchoalveolar lavage without transbronchial biopsy is a routine procedure for the diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia. At ...REFERENCE1. Masur H, Shelhamer J. Empiric outpatient management of HIV-related pneumonia: economical or unwise? [Editorial] Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:451-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen L. Becker, MDAffiliations: California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94107. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCOMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA 1 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 11Page: 938KeywordsBiopsyBronchoalveolar lavageBronchoscopyLactate dehydrogenaseMycobacterium tuberculosisNatural history of diseaseOutpatientsPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPneumoniaSputum ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Resistance to Calcitriol Therapy in Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: URIEL S. BARZEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Resistance to Calcitriol Therapy in Postsurgical HypoparathyroidismURIEL S. BARZEL, M.D.URIEL S. BARZEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-970 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their brief report, Graber and Schulman (1) describe the case of a man with postoperative hypoparathyroidism in whom large doses of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), dihydrotachysterol, and hydrochlorothiazide failed to return serum calcium levels to normal until the correction of hypomagnesemia (which also developed in the immediate post-operative period). Their report calls attention to the importance of a normal blood magnesium level for the management of post-surgical hypoparathyroidism. Of note, however, even before the development of the hypomagnesemia, their patient failed to respond to calcitriol (0.25 to 0.50 µg/d), to dihydrotachysterol (0.25 mg every 6...References1. GRABERSCHULMAN MG. Hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia independent of parathyroid hormone. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:804-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHAHBARZELSCHWARTZHORWITHGOLDSTONE KUEMR. Resistance to calcitriol therapy in post surgical hypoparathyroidism. NY State J Med. 1984;84:255-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. OKANOFURUKAWAMORIIFUJITA KYHT. Comparative efficacy of various vitamin D metabolites in the treatment of various types of hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;55:238-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. AVIOLI L. The therapeutic approach to hypoparathyroidism. Am J Med. 1974;57:34-42. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHESNEY R. Resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in hypoparathyroidism: an enigma. NY State J Med. 1984;84:226. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SHAHBARZELSCHWARTZHORWITHGOLDSTONE KUEMR. Resistance to calcitriol therapy in postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. NY State J Med. 1984;84:255-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: URIEL S. BARZEL, M.D.Affiliations: Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 970-971KeywordsBloodCalcitriolCalciumHypomagnesemiaHypoparathyroidismMagnesium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of Lamprey and Hagfish Genes Reveals a Complex History of Gene Duplications During Early Vertebrate Evolution
Authors: Hector Escriva, Lori Manzon, John Youson, Vincent Laudet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

It has been proposed that two events of duplication of the entire genome occurred early in vertebrate history (2R hypothesis). Several phylogenetic studies with a few gene families (mostly Hox genes and proteins from the MHC) have tried to confirm these polyploidization events. However, data from a single locus cannot explain the evolutionary history of a complete genome. To study this 2R hypothesis, we have taken advantage of the phylogenetic position of the lamprey to study the history of gene duplications in vertebrates. We selected most gene families that contain several paralogous genes in vertebrates and for which lamprey genes and an out-group are known in databases. In addition, we isolated members of the nuclear receptor superfamily in lamprey. Hagfish genes were also analyzed and found to confirm the lamprey gene analysis. Consistent with the 2R hypothesis, the phylogenetic analysis of 33 selected gene families, dispersed through the whole genome, revealed that one period of gene duplication arose before the lamprey-gnathostome split and this was followed by a second period of gene duplication after the lamprey-gnathostome split. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that numerous gene losses and other gene-genome duplications occurred during the evolution of the vertebrate genomes. Thus, the complexity of all the paralogy groups present in vertebrates should be explained by the contribution of genome duplications (2R hypothesis), extra gene duplications, and gene losses.
THE NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM IN THE U. S. VETERANS' BUREAU
Authors: E. O. CROSSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The Veterans' Bureau is the largest of the independent branches of the federal government, the director being responsible to the President (table 1). To it is delegated the responsibility for all activities having to do with medical care, and the treatment, compensation and insurance of veterans of the World War. Of the total cost of $439,000,000 for operating the Veterans' Bureau in 1928, a little less than $46,000,000, or 10.5 per cent, was expended for the hospital and dispensary care of beneficiaries. <h3>HOSPITAL FACILITIES</h3> The bureau is operating forty-nine hospitals located in various parts of the country (table 2). Most of these are of modern construction and all have up-to-date equipment. Of the total number, seventeen are especially equipped to care for mental cases while facilities are provided for a limited number in some of the hospitals for medical and surgical patients. As indicated in table 2, the number of
Cytokine patterns and cytotoxic mediators in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Olivia M. Martinez, Janeth C. Villanueva, Eric M. Gershwin, Sheri M. Krams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver with unknown etiology. Autoreactive T lymphocytes that infiltrate the liver may play a major role in the bile duct damage that accompanies the disease. We hypothesized that cytokines produced by T lymphocytes and other cells are central to the disease process. Therefore, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization to identify cytokine message directly from liver tissue of 11 patients with PBC and 5 patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AI-CAH). Messenger RNA (mRNA) for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were detected in the majority of the specimens from patients with PBC. The presence of IL-5 was associated with PBC (P < .001, PBC vs. AI-CAH). Because IL-5 is a potent eosinophil differentiation factor, we looked for evidence of activated eosinophils within the infiltrate. We observed the deposition of the primary cytotoxic granule protein of eosinophils, major basic protein (MBP), within the portal region of livers from patients with PBC. Moreover, we detected message for a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) granzyme in 87.5% of these livers indicating that mature CTL are present. Thus, we present evidence for two effector pathways that may contribute to the tissue damage observed in PBC and have identified message for cytokines that may regulate these pathways.
Hypoxia, depression of testosterone, and impotence in pickwickian syndrome reversed by weight reduction.
Authors: P A Semple, A Graham, Y Malcolm, G H Beastall, W S Watson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

eyesight, who might be expected to respond well to treatment.Our findings show that such early diagnosis will be achieved only rarely if we rely solely on the efforts of patients to contact members of their immediate family.Patients are usually elderly and are often badly shaken to learn that they have a potentially blinding disease.They may be confused by an explanation about the prescribed regimen of eye drops.Not sur- prisingly then, even if the doctor remembers to tell them to, many forget to write off to relatives.Clearly, in every eye unit, and possibly in every general practice, someone should take on the responsibility of helping patients with glaucoma to alert members of their family that they also may have the disease.
Market research into part time training: consumers' views and regional variations.
Authors: C A Davidson, M O'Brien, S H Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Most of the reports on part time training have been from the providers' standpoint7-" though the views of the recipients in one region" and one specialty9 and those of various individuals2'4 are also recorded.To assess the experience of part time trainees in a broad range of specialties and various regions we sought the opinion of part time trainees in three regions from April to June 1984. MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all part time trainees in the Northern, Yorkshire, and Trent regions.It asked for personal information, including reasons for joining the scheme, experiences of the scheme, opinions about it, and personal aspirations.A covering letter explained the objectives of the inquiry and guaranteed anonymity in the final analysis.A prepaid self addressed envelope was included.A single follow up inquiry was made to non- responders within two months.The replies were collated by hand. ResultsInitially 138 names and addresses were identified.Five were excluded, one had been a consultant for 17 months, three had moved, and one had just started and felt unable to answer.Replies were received from 111 (83-5%) of the remaining 133 trainees.Although the numbers of trainees in the three regions varied widely (Northern 63, Yorkshire 28, and Trent 42), their response rates were similar (Northern 86%, Yorkshire 79%, Trent 83%).