tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of age and diet on renal cadmium retention in rats.
Authors: K Kostial
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The results of our previous and recent work on cadmium metabolism in relation to age and diet are presented. Experiments were performed on albino rats aged 1-26 weeks. In some experiments rats were given different foods (milk, meat, bread) instead of standard rat diet. Some animals received trisodium calcium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) intraperitoneally to decrease cadmium retention. Radioactive cadmium (115mCd) was administered orally and intraperitoneally. Whole body (WB), carcass (C) and organ (kidney, liver and brain) retentions were determined 1 and 2 weeks after a single radioisotope administration. The results are expressed as percentages of the administered dose (% D) and as percentages of whole body (% WB) and carcass (% C) radioactivities. After oral administration whole-body cadmium retention was higher in sucklings than in weaned animals, primarily due to increased gut retention. The kidney retention of orally administered cadmium was about 5-7 times higher in sucklings than in older rats. Cadmium distribution (% C) was similar after oral and intraperitoneal administration. In sucklings, kidney retention made a lower fraction of the carcass radioactivity one week after 115mCd administration but reached adult values a week later. Liver retention in sucklings was a slightly lower fraction of the carcass radioactivity than in older rats at both time intervals. Brain retention (% C) was about 10 times higher in sucklings than in older rats throughout the experiment. Preliminary data on the influence of dietary treatments and treatment with DTPA indicate that some treatments which influence cadmium retention also influence cadmium distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dysontogenic Esophageal Cyst
Authors: H.-J. Schubert, H. Peters, M. Reifferscheid
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

In a 34-year-old woman, a routine chest film revealed a suspicious area which was suggested to be of mediastinal, probably cystic, origin. Via esophagoscope the finding misrepresented itself as leiomyoma. Postoperatively, the histological diagnosis of a dysontogenetic intramural cyst with ciliated epithelium was made.
Immunopathologic Studies of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. II. Antinuclear Reaction of γ-Globulin Eluted from Homogenates and Isolated Glomeruli of Kidneys from Patients with Lupus Nephritis *
Authors: Chandrasekharan Krishnan, Melvin H. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

The gammaG-globulin eluted at acid pH from kidney cortex homogenates and isolated glomeruli of five of six patients with lupus nephritis was found to exhibit antinuclear activity, which was not dependent on presence of fresh human serum. Specificity, as demonstrated by absorption of antinuclear activity, was related to nucleoprotein in three glomerular acid eluates and to DNA in two acid eluates as well as in a deoxyribonuclease digest of disrupted glomeruli in one patient. Antinuclear activity was not found in acid eluates of kidneys from two patients with chronic liver disease and chronic discoid lupus, respectively, and one with lupus nephritis. These patients had a low titer of serum antinuclear factor and lesser amounts of kidney bound immunoglobulins. The presence of antinuclear activity in eluates of kidneys appeared to correlate with the amount of glomerular bound immunoglobulin and the level of antinuclear antibodies in serum. These findings suggest that in lupus nephritis, part of the glomerular bound immunoglobulin is derived from serum antinuclear factors possibly deposited as immune complexes.
Private clinic claims it is not liable for failings
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A private clinic that treats NHS patients under contract is seeking to appeal a court ruling holding it legally liable if treatment goes wrong.

The case, believed to be the first of its kind, has exposed a potential problem with local agreements made between the NHS and private providers to cut waiting lists by contracting out routine surgery.

The case has been brought by Frances Johnson of Knottingley, near Pontefract, West Yorkshire, who was referred by her GP in 2002 to the privately run Birkdale Clinic, which carries out cataract operations on NHS patients. She had complications after her operation …
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton, Gordon Meiklejohn, William van Herick, Marilla Corey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

Experiments to determine the optimum conditions for propagation of the virus of atypical pneumonia in chick embryos are described. Variations in the activity of infected chick embryo material were investigated. The highest dilution of chick embryo suspension producing pulmonary lesions in hamsters and cotton rats is not over 10(-3). Dilutions of 10(-4) infect chick embryos. The virus is unstable at room temperature and also loses activity when stored in a dry-ice refrigerator unless the suspensions are kept in sealed glass tubes. Filtration experiments indicate a maximum particle size of 180 to 250 mmicro. The virus propagated in chick embryos produces pulmonary lesions in hamsters and cotton rats which have been immunized to their own non-bacterial agents inducing pulmonary lesions. Of these, the pneumonia virus of hamsters most frequently causes intercurrent respiratory infections, and methods of controlling epizootics due to this agent are described.
Abstract 1005: Leptin increases VEGF expression and enhances angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Kai-Hsiang Hsu, Chih-Hsin Tang, Tzu-Wei Tan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Leptin, the product of the obese gene that plays an important role in the regulation of body weight that induces neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. However, the effect of leptin on VEGF expression in human chondrosarcoma cells is mostly unknown. The aim of study is try to examine the effect of leptin in VEGF expression and angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. We found that exogenous leptin with chondrosarcoma cells promoted VEGF expression and subsequently increased migration and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Leptin-mediated VEGF and angiogenesis up-regulation were attenuated by OBRl receptor antisense oligonucleotide. In addition, leptin-induced VEGF expression was attenuated by ERK inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and AP-1 inhibitors (Curcumin and Tanshinone). Incubation of cells with leptin induced ERK, p38, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation as well as AP-1 luciferase activity. Knockdown of leptin decreased VEGF expression and also abolished chondrosarcoma conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro as well as angiogenesis effects in the matrigel plug model in vivo. In addition, using xenograft tumor angiogenesis model, knockdown leptin significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, our results indicated that leptin enhances the VEGF expression in chondrosarcoma cells. One of the mechanisms underlying leptin-directed VEGF expression was through the ERK/p38/JNK and c-Jun signal transduction pathway. Citation Format: Kai-Hsiang Hsu, Chih-Hsin Tang, Tzu-Wei Tan. Leptin increases VEGF expression and enhances angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1005. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1005
Public Health Responses to Arsenic in Rice and Other Foods
Authors: Ana Navas-Acien, Keeve E. Nachman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Doctor, the Dying Patient, and the Bereaved
Authors: JOHN R. MARSHALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

It is suggested that many forces seek to prevent an appreciation of the interrelatedness of the doctor's role in caring for the terminal patient and in working with the family in the hours and days immediately after the death of the patient and in the longer period of bereavement. The physician should not absent himself from any phase of this unified interval in the life of a family for whom he cares. In particular, the importance of the doctor's sustaining contact with the bereaved over a period of time is stressed. We view the doctor as being in a unique position both to maintain the dignity and worthwhileness of a dying patient while life persists and to help in the restoration and maintenance of such dignity and meaning in those who have sustained a profound loss.
The role of the medullary collecting ducts in postobstructive diuresis.
Authors: H Sonnenberg, D R Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Medullary collecting duct function was studied by direct microcatheterization techniques in rats undergoing postobstructive diuresis. Significant net addition of water and sodium to the duct was demonstrated during postobstructive diuresis after relief of 24-h bilateral ureteral ligation. This striking abnormality in function was associated with reduced delivery of sodium and water to the collecting duct compared to sham-operated controls. To examine the role of circulating factors in this phenomenon, another group of rats was studied that underwent 24 h of total urine reinfusion into the femoral vein. Natriuresis and diuresis were similar to the postobstructive group, but absolute collecting duct reabsorption of sodium and water was normal. The natriuresis and diuresis in rats with urine reinfusion resulted from increased delivery of fluid and sodium to the medullary collecting duct. A third group of rats was studied with 24-h unilateral ureteral ligation as well as urine reinfusion from the contralateral normal kidney. Without urine reinfusion there was no diuresis-natriuresis but with urine reinfusion the diuresis and natriuresis after relief of unilateral obstruction was similar to that after relief of bilateral obstruction. Moreover, net addition of sodium and no significant water reabsorption were demonstrated in the medullary collecting duct of such animals. The results indicate that (a) the medullary collecting duct is the critical nephron segment affected by ureteral obstruction, since postobstructive diuresis occurred despite reduced delivery of fluid from the more proximal nephron; (b) the net addition of sodium to the medullary collecting duct observed during postobstructive diuresis is probably a direct effect of obstruction, since it was found during postobstructive diuresis after relief of bilateral or unilateral ureteral ligation, but not with urine reinfusion alone; and (c) blood-borne factors are important in the development of postobstructive natriuresis and diuresis, and probably act by increasing the fraction of filtered sodium and water delivered from the proximal and distal tubule to the collecting duct.
The Racist Patient
Authors: Mitchel Galishoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

LettersAugust 6, 2013The Racist PatientMitchel Galishoff, MDMitchel Galishoff, MDFrom Valley Medical & Surgical Clinic, PC, Valley, Alabama.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-3-201308060-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Twenty-five years ago, I faced a situation similar to Jain's (1). My experience involved a horrid anti-Semite; I was raised with Holocaust survivors.I finally asked my attending to be reassigned. He said that I was a physician and must fulfill my responsibilities to my patient regardless of who and what he was. My personal feelings were immaterial. My attending was right.Jain's patient wanted his diabetes treated properly in a hospital that would not provide his medications. His request was legitimate, and Jain's offer to use Mr. R.'s own insulin was a pathetic reply to Mr. ...Reference1. Jain SH. The racist patient. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:632 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Valley Medical & Surgical Clinic, PC, Valley, Alabama.Disclosures: Employment: Self-employed in private practice. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Racist Patient Sachin H. Jain The Racist Patient Sunil K. Sahai The Racist Patient David A. Nardone The Racist Patient Michael Nakao The Racist Patient Sachin H. Jain The Racist Patient Christine Laine and Michael A. LaCombe Metrics August 6, 2013Volume 159, Issue 3Page: 227KeywordsEmotionsInsulin ePublished: 6 August 2013 Issue Published: August 6, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Confounding in epidemiological studies.
Authors: A N Phillips, G Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (1993)

practice, who generate a high income, over health authority patients.Sophisticated bureaucratic props for the internal market such as those proposed by Clarke and McKee could spell yet another expensive diversion in the development of NHS information systems and bode ill for the health of the population.Moreover, since the NHS budget is cash limited, funds for improving purchaser and provider information systems would have to come from the resources allocated to patient care.In the United States, where spending on information systems and data analysis is high, administrative costs can be as high as 40% of provider budgets.3Nevertheless, this has not resulted in cost containment or im- proved health care.45The real questions that we have yet to address in our information systems are whether the internal market will preserve equity in health care and safeguard against implicit clinical rationing and queue jumping.
Field Block Anesthesia for Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Harold A. Wilkinson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The simple lumbar puncture can be terrifying for the patient—especially if that patient has previously undergone a painful procedure. Lumbar puncture should, in fact, be almost completely painless, and use of a local anesthetic field block can do much to ensure the patient's comfort. Physicians performing lumbar puncture should be aware also that a good field block can make the actual puncture easier as well. Most textbooks that describe lumbar puncture recommend only anesthetization of the skin and interspinous ligaments and muscles, omitting the important step of field block anesthesia. <h3>Method.—</h3> A skin wheal is raised over the appropriate interspace with a 25- or 27-gauge needle using 0.2 mL of lidocaine or procaine hydrochloride. A 6.25-cm (2.5-in) needle (or 8.75-cm [3.5-in] needle for more corpulent patients) is used to deposit 0.25 mL of local anesthetic into the interspinous ligament between the tips of the spinous processes and
Prostacyclin synthesis in ovine pulmonary artery is developmentally regulated by changes in cyclooxygenase-1 gene expression.
Authors: T S Brannon, A J North, L B Wells, P W Shaul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a key mediator of pulmonary vasomotor tone during late gestation and in the newborn, and its production in whole lung increases during that period. We investigated the developmental regulation of PGI2 synthesis in ovine intrapulmonary artery (PA) segments from 110 to 115 d (F1) and 125 to 135 d gestation fetal lambs (F2, term = 144 d) and 1- and 4-wk-old newborn lambs (NB1 and NB2). Basal PGI2 rose fourfold from F1 to F2, fourfold from F2 to NB1, and twofold from NB1 to NB2. In all age groups 66-72% of PGI2 was derived from the endothelium. Similar fold increases in PGI2 were observed with maturation in intact and endothelium-denuded segments. In intact PA from F2, NB1, and NB2, basal PGI2 synthesis and synthesis maximally stimulated by bradykinin, A23187, or arachidonic acid rose with development in a comparable manner. In contrast, PGI2 synthesis stimulated by exogenous PGH2, the product of cyclooxygenase, was similar at all ages. Immunoblot analyses of PA from F2, NB1, and NB2 revealed that there is a sixfold maturational increase in cyclooxygenase-1 protein; the cyclooxygenase-2 isoform was not detectable. Cyclooxygenase-1 mRNA abundance in whole lung also rose with development. Thus, PGI2 synthesis in ovine PA endothelium and vascular smooth muscle increases markedly during late fetal and early newborn life; the increase is due to a rise in cyclooxygenase activity related to enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-1. We conclude that there is developmental regulation of PA cyclooxygenase-1 gene expression, and that this may be critical to successful cardiopulmonary transition and function in the newborn.
Cartilage metabolism--a response.
Authors: S L Myers, K D Brandt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Cartilage metabolism-a response On the basis of measurements of the concentration of aggrecan fragments, carti- lage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), stromelysin, and TIMP in samples of synovial fluid obtained from injured and uninjured knees of subjects with unilateral knee trauma, Dahlberg and colleagues' concluded that an abnormality of cartilage metabolism existed in the contralateral knee and suggested that mechanical compensation for the injury, or cytokines or other products released from the injured joint initiated a pathological process in the uninjured knee.The authors provided reference values for concentrations of the above molecules in a control group of '... 10 healthy athletes without knee symptoms and with no previous knee injury.'However, the median volume of synovial fluid aspirated from the reference group (2-5 ml) was some 3-5 times greater than that from the uninjured knee of subjects with unilateral knee injury, strongly suggest- ing that the reference group was not 'normal'; unfortunately, results of routine synovial fluid analyses (total leucocyte count and dif- ferential) were not provided.If concentrations of the various markers are normalised for dilution, using the median synovial fluid volume in the uninjured knee of the subjects with unilateral injury (0-7-1-0 ml), the median quantity of aggre- can, for example, present in synovial fluid samples from the reference group was nearly 150% greater than that in samples from the contralateral knee of the subjects with knee injury, raising doubt about the authors' in- terpretation of the findings for the contra- lateral knee.Other factors may also have confounded the results.Did subjects limit usage of the injured joint as a result of pain?This would have decreased the rate of clearance of protein from the joint space.In contrast, synovial inflammation resulting from the injury would have increased clearance of the 'marker' from the joint space; even low grade synovitis, with a synovial fluid leucocyte count no greater than 1000-2000 cells/mm3, may increase clearance of protein from the joint space three-to fourfold.2If the rate of clearance is not controlled for, the authors' conclusion that abnormalities in synovial fluid concentrations of the molecules measured reflect quantitative changes in articular cartilage metabolism may be misleading."AThe possibility that joint structures other than articular cartilage (inflamed synovium, damaged cruciate ligament or meniscus) contributed significantly to the synovial fluid concentrations of the molecules measured also should not be overlooked.
The Q-II Interval
Authors: PRAVIN M. SHAH, SHELDON J. SLODKI
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A study of the second heart sound in 112 normal adults ranging in age from 21 to 50 years is presented, along with results, in 15 patients with advanced systemic hypertension. A detailed analysis of the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals, as related to heart rate, respiration, age, and blood pressure had been performed. A linear dependence on the √RR interval was noted in both groups. With advancing age, a statistically significant decrease in the Q-II P was noted in the normal subjects. A decreased mobility of the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals with respiration was described. In hypertensive subjects, a significant prolongation of both the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals without variation in the II- A-P interval (splitting) as compared to the normal subjects was found. The effect of respiration on the splitting of the second sound was also found to be comparable to the normal for the same age group. The relationship of changes in ventricular dynamics to systemic hypertension are discussed on the basis of these findings.