tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B42: Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of novel multidrug-resistant human tumor cell lines
Authors: Sabera Ruzdijic, Ana Podolski-Renic, Milica Pesic, Maria Chiourea, Jasna Bankovic, Tijana Andjelkovic, Vedrana Milinkovic, Nikola Tanic, Sarantis Gagos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause of failure to a successful cancer treatment. Cancer cells manifesting MDR phenotype are cross-resistant to many structurally and functionally unrelated drugs. The purpose of this study was to establish in vitro models, i.e., resistant cell lines, to further investigate the mechanisms of MDR. We used the human colon cancer cell line DLD1 and the glioma cell line U87 to establish paclitaxel-resistant cell lines, DLD1 -TxR and U87-TxR, by continuous exposure to stepwise increasing concentrations of the drug. The newly established, DLD1 -TxR and U87-TxR cell lines showed extensive resistance to paclitaxel (301-fold and 103-fold respectively). They also demonstrated cross-resistance to other anticancer agents such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, vinblastin, and etoposide. Cytogenetic data based on inverted-DAPI Banding, demonstrated that both resistant cell lines retained several karyotypic characteristics of their sensitive counterparts and also acquired novel structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations that may be related to resistance to chemotherapy. Interestingly, while the dividing parental U87 cells were mainly near-tetraploid, chemoresistance in the U87-TxR cell line was accompanied by one level ploidy reduction as verified by the increased prevalence of near-diploid cell populations. In addition, the DLD1 -TxR cells showed an increase tendency to loose the Y chromosome. Gene expression analyses revealed a 4-fold increase in the level of mdr1 mRNA in DLD1 -TxR cells. U87-TxR cells demonstrated prominent mdr1 activity since the expression in parental cells was undetectable. In contrast, the level of mrp1 mRNA was 40% decreased in both resistant cell lines. The expression of other MDR-related genes, topo IIα, and lrp, was unaffected by paclitaxel resistance. Flow cytometry analyses showed that the accumulation of rhodamine in resistant cells DLD1 -TxR and U87-TxR was significantly lower than in their sensitive counterparts, 17-fold and 8-fold, respectively. These results indicate that P-gp, encoded by mdr1 gene, is significantly overexpressed in both resistant cell lines and may account for paclitaxel resistance. In conclusion, the two novel resistant cell lines, DLD1 -TxR and U87-TxR may serve as appropriate models for the study of the mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance offering novel insights into potential targets for overcoming MDR that would improve the response to chemotherapy and patient outcome. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B42.
Authors' reply to Rappuoli and colleagues, Black, and Glennie and colleagues
Authors: H. Christensen, C. L. Trotter, M. Hickman, W. J. Edmunds
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We do not believe our analyses adopted a set of singularly vaccine unfavourable conditions.1 A University of Warwick team commissioned by the Department of Health to independently review the modelling and parameters found “no major defects with the model,” recommending changes that would have led to vaccination appearing less cost effective than in our base case.2 We agree with Rappuoli and colleagues and Black that models and cost effectiveness analyses should be viewed as tools to aid decision making rather than as “gate keepers.”3 4 Indeed, in our discussion we stated that, because of the substantial uncertainty about the …
PALILALIA IN CONNECTION WITH HABIT SPASM
Authors: Herman B. Sheffield
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial of December 1 interested me very much. For many years I have occasionally observed palilalia in children at the age of puberty, in boys much more frequently than in girls. The histories always revealed that this condition was preceded by "habit spasm" or tic of several weeks or months duration. The word-repetition is generally explosive in character and offensive in meaning (coprolalia), the expressions quite frequently relating to sex. The cases are usually of long duration and best managed away from home, preferably in a private sanatorium for nerve disorders.
A Broader Concept of Caplan's Syndrome Related to Rheumatoid Factors
Authors: A. Caplan, R. B. Payne, J. L. Withey
Journal: Thorax (1962)

The rheumatoid pneumoconiosis syndrome was originally described as a characteristic chest radio- graphic appearance in coal-workers associated with clinical rheumatoid arthritis (Caplan, 1953).This association was later confirmed as real and not fortuitous by Miall, Caplan, Cochrane, Kilpatrick, and Oldham (1953) using an unselected population.The original communication defined the radio- graphic picture as one showing multiple, well- defined round opacities 0.5 to 5 cm. in diameter distributed throughout the lung field.We will call this the classical appearance.It was noted that cavitation and calcification of the opacities was frequent.There was a tendency for the opacities to appear suddenly before, coincident with, or after the onset of arthritis.Reference was also made to the fact that only a few round opacities may be present, and in many instances the lesions become confluent and may be indistinguishable radio- graphically from progressive massive fibrosis.It was suggested that more cases would be recognized if it were realized that there is often a mixed radio- graphic picture of round opacities and opacities indistinguishable from progressive massive fibrosis and tuberculosis.Subsequent observations on more than 550 cases of the syndrome have confirmed in the main the original radiographic description and in particular emphasized the high incidence of cavitation as a characteristic feature.Additional experience among coal-workers has suggested an association of clinical rheumatoid arthritis with discrete nodular opacities 0.3 to 1 cm. in diameter, i.e., somewhat smaller than was originally found, and classifiable under the International
Gastroenterology, vol 3: The Liver, Gallbladder, Bile Ducts and Pancreas; vol 4: Peritoneum, Parasitic Diseases, System Interrelationships
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The indefatigable Harry Bockus has done it again! Volumes 3 and 4 of his monumental classical text now complete the third edition of this standard reference textbook for gastroenterology. In these twin volumes, Bockus and his associate editors have put together a veritable Hall of Fame of gastroenterology in their list of contributors. More important, the contributors are seasoned clinicians and persons with expertise in their fields, not simply research fellows who have gleaned the literature or academicians more at home in the laboratory. I sensed that I was reading what the experts thought throughout the books.  There is something for everyone in these volumes, from family practitioner to gastroenterologist. There are excellent discussions of the physiology of the liver and gallbladder as well as practical reviews of the intertwined disorders of the gut and other organs. Moreover, the book contains up-to-date discussions of such newer morphological techniques as endoscopic
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: H Salama, O da Silva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A baby required active resuscitation when he was born at 26 weeks of gestation weighing 918 g. The Apgar scores were 2, 3, and 7 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively. The early neonatal period was complicated by systemic hypotension and respiratory distress syndrome. The infant was given inotropic support, surfactant, and antibiotics. A patent ductus arteriosus was surgically ligated after a trial of indomethacin failed. The infant was intubated and received oxygen for 51 days, and he achieved full enteral feeding on day 26. On day 52 extensive abdominal distention, bilious gastric aspirate, frank blood in . . .
Milk from Tuberculous Cows.
Authors: E. G. Kriebel
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Worcester, Pa., Oct. 16, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In vol. xxxiii, page 988 of theJournal, you say: "Considerable positive evidence exists of the danger from use of milk derived from tuberculous cows." This statement and statements like it are very misleading and can not be accepted by one that has given the matter much thought. It has by no means been proved that the disease is transmittable from bovine to man or vice versa, and yet this is a question that should be decided. Such statements will have a discouraging influence on scientific investigators. It certainly has not been proved that man will take tuberculosis from milk of cows or from their meat, and expressions like the above are accountable for so few investigators working up this subject at the present time. <h3>Very truly,</h3> [It has been abundantly demonstrated that the milk of tuberculous animals—and in less degree its
Induction and Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Airway Epithelial Cells by Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: YACHU J. KAO, PEDRO A. PIEDRA, GARY L. LARSEN, GIUSEPPE N. COLASURDO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

In this study, we evaluated the effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on nitric oxide (NO) production in human airway epithelial cells. In addition, we evaluated whether T-helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type cytokines modulate the release of NO in response to RSV infection. To do this, we infected monolayers of A549 cells with RSV and determined nitrite levels in the supernatant fluids. We also measured nitrite levels in human small-airway epithelial cells (SAEC) in primary culture and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from Balb / c mice after RSV infection. To further support our observations in these analyses, we performed immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in A549 cells. To evaluate the regulation of NO production in response to RSV, we performed experiments in the absence and presence of the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines: interferon (IFN)- γ , interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13. In addition, we assessed the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on iNOS in RSV infected A549 cells. Results were expressed in terms of nmol/mg protein and shown as percents of control values (mean ± SE). RSV increased the release of nitrites in A549 cells, SAEC, and BALF. The increase in nitrite levels was supported by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis for iNOS protein in A549 cells, indicating activation of iNOS in response to RSV infection. IFN- γ and IL-13 did not affect the RSV-induced increase in NO production. By contrast, IL-4 and dexamethasone suppressed the release of NO in response to RSV infection. These observations show that RSV infection leads to activation of iNOS within the airway epithelium and that IL-4 and dexamethasone inhibit the production of NO in response to RSV infection.
Antibiotics and acute purulent rhinitis: Authors' reply
Authors: B Arroll, T Kenealy
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—We agree with Cates's calculation and assertion. From the practical clinical point of view, if one wished to treat purulent rhinitis (and we do not recommend that routinely) amoxicillin would be a good choice as it is probably safer than co-trimoxazole; the only study that was significant in our review compared amoxicillin v placebo. This antibiotic is frequently used in general practice and would be our choice.

We agree with Rimmer and Almeyda that it is not clear in our review what the …
1106. Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial of Adenoviral-Interferon-Beta Gene Therapy for Malignant Mesothelioma and Malignant Pleural Effusions
Authors: Daniel H. Sterman, Adriana Recio, Andrew Haas, Michael Machuzak, Colin Gillespie, Jing Sun, Veena Kapoor, Leslie A. Litzky, Robert Vonderheide, Carl June, John C. Kucharczuk, Larry R. Kaiser, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Our group is investigating intrapleural (IPl) interferon-beta (IFN- β) gene transfer for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and malignant pleural effusions (MPE). We previously conducted trials involving adenoviral (Ad)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Ad.HSVtk) delivery and ganciclovir (GCV) in 34 MPM patients. These studies demonstrated dose-related gene transfer and anti-Ad immune responses. Two of 3 surviving patients have minimal residual disease 7.5 years after Ad.HSVtk/GCV. Because of the slow tumor course and anti-tumor immune responses, we next assessed cytokine gene delivery. Experiments in immunocompetent mice demonstrated MPM eradication with a single dose of Ad.muIFN-β. Based on these results, we initiated a Phase 1 trial of Ad.huIFN-β (Biogen-IDEC, Cambridge, MA) in patients with MPM and MPE. Ten patients underwent IPl infusion of a single dose of Ad.IFN-β at two dose levels. Seven had MPM; two had Stage IIIB non- small cell lung cancer; the other patient had metastatic ovarian cancer. One MPM patient received a second IPl dose under an FDA-approved amendment. The first three patients received 9×1011 vp of Ad.IFN-β. All tolerated dosing with mild to moderate toxicities. None experienced a dose limiting toxicity (DLT) or a serious adverse event (SAE). Lymphopenia was the most common side effect. Two of three patients in the first cohort are alive 30 and 25 months post Ad.IFN-β. Four patients with mesothelioma were enrolled at Dose Level 2 (3×1012 vp). One patient experienced transitory hypoxia post Ad.IFN-β. This patient has completed 19 months of evaluations without further complications. The next two patients at Dose Level 2 tolerated dosing and completed their six month evaluations; one died at 9 months from progressive disease; the other had progressive pleural involvement with minimal symptoms. The fourth patient developed transitory elevations in LFT's. MTD was established at 9x1011 vp. Three additional patients were dosed at MTD without SAE's. All 10 patients treated with IPl Ad.IFN-β underwent repeat Day 60 imaging. One patient with ovarian cancer had abdominal and pleural responses by PET scan. In our second cohort two MPM patients had stable disease at 60 days and 6 months. One had stable disease on CT and PET scans 12 months post, but showed evidence of disease progression at 18 months. Another patient with sarcomatoid MPM had evidence of metabolic response on PET scan at Day 60. We have thus completed the first Phase 1 dose escalation trial testing the safety and efficacy of single dose of Ad.IFN beta in patients with MPM and MPE. Based on preclinical data showing superior efficacy with repeated Ad.IFN beta, we have begun a new Phase 1 trial with two doses of Ad.IFN beta 2 weeks apart.
Effect of cholecystectomy on the role of the gall bladder in fat absorption
Authors: A. Krondl, H. Vavrinkova, C Michalec
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSiS These studies show that gall bladder function is not necessary for the normal absorption of butter fat and olive oil.Other mechanisms are necessary to explain fat intolerance after cholecystectomy.
Effect of an Acute Intranasal Aerosol Dose of PH94B on Social and Performance Anxiety in Women With Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Michael R. Liebowitz, Ester Salman, Humberto Nicolini, Norman Rosenthal, Rita Hanover, Louis Monti
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Although social anxiety disorder is a common and sometimes disabling condition, there are no approved treatments that can be used on an as-needed basis. The authors examined the acute use of PH94B, an intranasally administered neurosteroidal aerosol, for the acute management of the symptoms of social anxiety disorder.The authors conducted a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study of PH94B. Ninety-one women 19-60 years of age with generalized social anxiety disorder received placebo intranasal spray (single-blind) 15 minutes before laboratory-simulated public speaking and social interaction challenges. Patients who experienced significant distress during at least one challenge returned 1 week later to receive either intranasal PH94B or placebo aerosol spray (double-blind) before repeat challenges.Patients who received PH94B during the second set of challenges had a significantly greater decrease in mean Subjective Units of Distress scores during the public speaking and social interaction challenges compared with the first set of challenges, than did patients who received placebo for both sets of challenges. A significantly greater proportion of the PH94B group were much or very much improved from the first to the second sets of challenges compared with the placebo group (75% and 37%, respectively). The side effects of PH94B were benign.PH94B may be a novel, effective, and well-tolerated acute treatment for performance and social anxiety in women with social anxiety disorder.
Molecular Profiles of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas
Authors: Pascale Lévy, Ivan Bièche, Karen Leroy, Béatrice Parfait, Janine Wechsler, Ingrid Laurendeau, Pierre Wolkenstein, Michel Vidaud, Dominique Vidaud
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a complex variety of clinical symptoms. The hallmark of NF1 is the development of heterogeneous benign neurofibromas, which may appear as dermal neurofibromas or plexiform neurofibromas. NF1 patients with plexiform neurofibromas are at risk of developing malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Experimental Design: To obtain additional insight into the molecular pathogenesis of plexiform neurofibromas, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays to quantify the mRNA expression of 349 selected genes in plexiform neurofibromas in comparison with dermal neurofibromas and patient-matched malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Results: Thirty genes were significantly up-regulated in plexiform neurofibromas compared with dermal neurofibromas. None were down-regulated. The up-regulated genes mainly encoded transcription factors and growth factors and secreted proteins, cytokines, and their receptors, pointing to a role of paracrine and autocrine signaling defects in the genesis of plexiform neurofibromas. We also identified a gene expression profile, based on MMP9, FLT4/VEGFR3, TNFRSF10B/TRAILR2, SHH, and GLI1, which discriminated those plexiform neurofibromas most likely to undergo malignant transformation. Conclusion: Our study has identified a limited number of signaling pathways that could be involved, when altered, in plexiform neurofibroma development. Some of the up-regulated genes could be useful diagnostic or prognostic markers or form the basis of novel therapeutic strategies.
Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma—Letter
Authors: Nicola Personeni, Lorenza Rimassa, Armando Santoro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We read with great interest the study by Llovet and colleagues ([1][1]), who reported on plasma biomarkers in a phase III trial of sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ref. [2][2]). One of the main scopes of this correlative study was to identify predictive markers of survival and
Ultra-violet Irradiation in Varicose Conditions
Authors: A. Eidinow
Journal: BMJ (1937)

symptoms develop.I can give you no dramatic statistics to confound the attitude of laissez-faire, but I can state and show by examples that the disease is curable by surgery.The results of the application of surgery in the 100 cases of carcinoma of the pharynx is shown in Table IV.TABLE IV.-Operativ,e Treatment in Onie Hundred Cases of Cancer of Pharynix Operable: 49 cases: 35 males,
Villagers in rural India stage anti-superstition march after boy dies from untreated appendicitis
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An anti-superstition health drive has been launched in the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh after a schoolboy died from appendicitis. His parents were said to have pursued a “supernatural” cure instead of seeking qualified medical help. The Catholic News Agency reported the incident on 27 January, which sparked a backlash against superstition across India.

The boy was a primary school student in Lazu, a village in the state’s Miao diocese. His appendicitis was diagnosed during a regular school health check-up before the Christmas holiday. The school’s principal urged the boy’s parents to seek treatment at a hospital during the …
Metoclopramide in gastrooesophageal reflux
Authors: C. Stanciu, J. R. Bennett
Journal: Gut (1973)

In 30 patients with gastrooesophageal reflux, intravenous metoclopramide (Maxolon) has been shown to increase the gastrooesophageal sphincter pressure. The rise is dose-related until a maximum pressure, proportional to the resting sphincter tone, is reached. The effect is reversed by atropine. Peristaltic waves are increased in pressure by metoclopramide.In 18 patients with gastrooesophageal reflux intravenous metoclopramide diminished the frequency of reflux episodes and increased the rate at which the oesophagus emptied itself of an acid load.
Immunolocalization of collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in hypertrophic scar tissue
Authors: ROSALIND M. HEMBRY, H.P. EHRLICH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Normal, mature and hypertrophic dermal scars were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of collagenase, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and cathepsin D. Significant extracellular immunoprecipitation of both collagenase and TIMP were found in areas of all scars judged to be actively remodelling, whereas inactive areas were predominantly negative. TIMP was also present in endothelial cells of patent blood vessels, but found not to be present in the enlarged endothelial cells of occluded vessels. Negligible amounts of extracellular cathepsin D were found.
Aberrant CD2 expression in precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood
Authors: Cherie H. Dunphy, Jen-Yih Chu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Aberrant CD2 expression in childhood precursor-B ALL is rare and has recently been reported with an incidence of 3.6% in a study by Cantu-Rajnoldi et al. [Haematologica 77:384, 1992]. There was no association of the CD2 co-expression with other known prognostic factors. Our study represents the second one in the literature. Out of 60 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias, analyzed morphologically and by flow cytometric immunophenotyping, 49 were of precursor B origin. Of these 49 cases, CD2 co-expression was detected in 2, yielding an incidence of 4.1%. The complete immunophenotypic profiles of these two cases were as follows, respectively: (1) CD19+, CD20−, CD24+, CD10+, slg−, CD2+, CD3−, CD5−, CD7−, CD13−, CD33−, CD34+, Tdt+; and (2) CD19+, CD20−, CD24+, CD10+, slg−, CD2+, CD3−, CD5−, CD7−, CD13+, CD33−, CD34+, Tdt+. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal male chromosome pattern in case 1 and an abnormal female chromosome pattern [4 cells: 46, XX, del (6q) (q21 q23) and 9 cells: 46, XX, del (11q) (q14 q23)] in case 2. Both patients were in continuous complete remission at last follow-up. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.