tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phenothiazine Drugs and Pituitary Tumors
Authors: KJELL ASPLUND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1982Phenothiazine Drugs and Pituitary TumorsKJELL ASPLUND, M.D., ERIC HäGG, M.D., MELKER LINDQVIST, M.D., WALTER RAPP, M.D.KJELL ASPLUND, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ERIC HäGG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MELKER LINDQVIST, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WALTER RAPP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-4-533_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Long-standing pituitary stimulation in target-organ failure, such as primary hypothyroidism and after adrenalectomy, results in enlargement of the gland and may precipitate the development of a pituitary adenoma (1). By analogy, it can be speculated that long-term pituitary stimulation by drugs could promote tumor formation. We have recently seen two patients who developed pituitary tumors while on long-term therapy with phenothiazine tranquilizers. These drugs are known to be potent stimuli for prolactin secretion (2).A 65-year-old man with an affective psychosis had been treated with chlorpromazine for 14 years. In recent years the daily dose had been...References1. KLEINBERG D. Pituitary tumors and failure of endocrine target organs [Editorial]. Arch Intern Med. 1979;139:969-70. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. OHMANAXELSSON RR. Relationship between prolactin response and antipsychotic effect of thioridazine in psychiatric patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1978;14:111-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NEELONGOREELEBOVITZ FJH. The primary empty sella: clinical and radiographic characteristics and endocrine function. Medicine. 1971;52:73-92. Google Scholar4. DI CHIRONELSON GK. The volume of the sella turcica. Am J Roentgenol. 1962;87:989-1008. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Umeå University Hospital and Umedalen Hospital S-90185 Umeå Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAtypical Antipsychotics and Pituitary Tumors: A Pharmacovigilance StudyIncreased Pituitary Volume in …Psychosis Study 1 April 1982Volume 96, Issue 4Page: 533-533KeywordsAdrenalectomyChlorpromazineDrugsHypothyroidismPhenothiazinePituitary tumorsProlactin Issue Published: 1 April 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical Students, Family Doctors, and Family Practice
Authors: Thomas E. Rardin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The need for more family physicians is recognized by the American public and by medical educators, but medical graduates have shown a decreasing inclination to enter the general practice of medicine as family physicians. A committee studying this problem predicts an ever-increasing need for such doctors. Medical schools can reverse the present trend by bringing back more expert family physicians to their teaching faculties. During his 5 critical years the medical student needs intimate contact with highly qualified, experienced, and respected family doctors. The disappearance of these key figures from the American medical scene cannot be prevented unless family physicians and medical educators alike face and accept this challenge.
Synergistic Effects of Ischemia and β-Amyloid Burden on Cognitive Decline in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Mi Ji Lee, Sang Won Seo, Duk L. Na, Changsoo Kim, Jae Hyun Park, Geon Ha Kim, Chi Hun Kim, Young Noh, Hanna Cho, Hee Jin Kim, Cindy W. Yoon, Byoung Seok Ye, Juhee Chin, Seun Jeon, Jong-Min Lee, Yearn Seong Choe, Kyung-Han Lee, Jae Seung Kim, Sung Tae Kim, Jae-Hong Lee, Michael Ewers, David J. Werring, Michael W. Weiner
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer disease are significant causes of cognitive impairment in the elderly. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between CVD and β-amyloid burden in living humans or their synergistic effects on cognition. Thus, there is a need for better understanding of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before clinical deterioration begins.
LIPIODOL IN PULMONARY DIAGNOSIS: ITS USES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: F. G. Chandler, J. M. Young
Journal: BMJ (1927)

Histologjical Appcaraoces of thfc Nerves.Both thc aniterior and posterior tibial nierves were the seat of perinieural fibrous tlhickeniing, anid the fibrosis extetided betweenl the various nerve bundles and betweeni inidividual ner ve fibres which appealred atr ophied.In places fat could be demonistrated in the nerve fibres.Wliile tie symlptoms and appear ances described in this case aie ide'ntical with tlhromlbo-anigiitis obliteran-s occringill,> in' the youing suibject, syphilis apparently plays 1o l)art 8s an etiological factor in that disease, and nio spirochaetes.have been demionstrated (Buerger).'In Perla's2 series of 41 cases 36 gave a negative Wassernmaniai reaction.Tlie termll " throimbo-angiitis obliterans " was first enmployed in 1908 by Buerger, wh1o gave a detaileed description of tlhe disease fromi ani examiniation of 38 cases, but it lhas been described unider various names-sueh as pie-senile gangrene, non-syphilitic obliterative endarteritis of the Jews, oblitera- 'tive enldairteritis of the youIng, and eidophilebitis and enidarteritis, etc., by many of the earlier writers.Russian, Polish, and Rumaniani Jewvs, it is said, are most gemierally affected.Perla found 41 cases, all Jews, out of 10,000 cases in the records of the Monitefiore Hospital, New York, blut states that no coiieluision can lie drawn from tlhis, as 95 per cent. of all the patients thiere are Jews.Other authors have reported cases amiionig Turks, Chiniese, Korean-s, ani(l Japanese.The average age of oniset is about 30 years, an(l all the recorded cases lhave been male's; 10 of Perla's ca, -es were tailors.Buierger founditl the left leg tIme first to be affeeted, butt Per-la the right leg ini the largest ullmiber of his eases.All the limbs, however, may be affecte(l.Perla described a case occurring in the aolta and coronary arteries as wvell as in the peripheral vessels of bothi legs.-Thedisease in all cases originates in the smaller vessels, sulic as thle dor.salis pedis artery, anid ascends to the vessels abl)ovue.T.he capillar ies of the extremity remain free.Professor C. F. M. Saint of Capetown University inifoins uis that he has seeni a considerable number of these cases in Soutli Africa in recent years; in certain cases the
The Question of Routine Neonatal Circumcision
Authors: R L Poland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Routine neonatal circumcision is the subject of much debate in the United States. The practice has attracted passionate advocates and critics. The analysis presented here examines the available medical evidence relating to routine neonatal circumcision in order to weigh its risks, costs, and benefits. This assessment is meant to help clinicians formulate their own recommendations about the advisability of prophylactic neonatal circumcision.Of the approximately 1.95 million boys born in the United States during 1987, 1.19 million, or 61 percent, were circumcised, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. Fees paid to physicians for the procedure generally range between . . .
Bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy.
Authors: N Matsumiya, T Mayumi, H Shimizu, T Motohara
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Survival in small cell lung carcinoma after surgery SIR,-In their paper (June 1986;41:479-82) Dr HR Sorenson and others conclude that "a selected group of patients with small cell carcinoma should be treated by surgery alone without adjuvant chemotherapy, which might reduce the long term survival."This was a large retrospective study, but one in which none of the patients who had a successful resection was given chemotherapy.It is therefore especially important to find out in a prospective randomised study whether or most patients who have had a successful resection after careful staging, of stage 1 small cell lung cancer are likely to benefit from postoperative chemotherapy or not.Readers may therefore be interested to know of a clinical trial, which the Medical Research Council is conducting jointly with the EORTC, that is specifically designed to answer this question.In the MRC-EORTC study patients have had a successful resection of TINOMO, T1NIMO, or T2NOMO small cell lung
The Physician's Ethical Obligation to Take Care of Patients in Times of Plague-Reply
Authors: Bruce B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —I applaud Dr Clark's decision to continue to treat patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and I am heartened by his statement that he considers treating patients with AIDS an obligation of a physician. That was precisely the point of my editorial.  I believe that the singular duty incumbent on anyone who takes up the call of medicine is to care for patients, and that caring also encompasses those involved in teaching and research. The distinguishing feature of the medical profession as opposed to all other fields of endeavor is the absolute dedication to those in need of medical care. The essence of being a physician is the healing of the sick; any other activity is extraneous to that mission.  Even if the risk of acquiring HIV from contact with patients infected with the virus was substantial, physicians would still incur the duty of treating those
Atlas of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Karen A. Wendel, Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 April 2000Atlas of Infectious DiseasesKaren A. Wendel, MD and Thomas C. Quinn, MDKaren A. Wendel, MDJohns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. (Wendel)Search for more papers by this author and Thomas C. Quinn, MDJohns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. (Wendel)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Stone DR, Gorbach SL. 211 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. $125.00. ISBN 0721670326. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Infectious disease.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians-in-training, primary care physicians, public health clinicians, internists, and infectious disease specialists.Purpose: To provide an overview of visible physical findings, radiologic features, and histologic characteristics of commonly encountered infectious diseases.Content: The book is designed to assist in quick recognition of disease processes. It is largely organized by organ system and anatomic region and features chapters on AIDS, mycobacteria, and viral diseases. Several chapters begin with detailed anatomic illustrations that show the sites where ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. (Wendel) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 8Page: 683-684KeywordsAIDSHealth careInfectious diseasesMycobacteriaPathogensPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary care physiciansSoft tissue infectionsSoftware toolsViral diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 April 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE GYNECOLOGIST AS CONSULTANT.
Authors: HUNTER ROBB
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Since my audience to-day consists mainly of men in general practice, who have to deal with more common, though possibly sometimes fully as difficult, conditions, as those encountered by the specialists, I thought it would be well to touch briefly upon a subject which must interest all of us, and to suggest a few ideas upon which may be based a discussion which may serve to elucidate more freely certain points dealing with the relations of the gynecologist to the general practitioner, and show how one can help the other to their mutual advantage as well as to the best interests of the patient. I shall, therefore, deal briefly with the following questions: 1. What are the qualifications necessary to render a man fit to take up gynecology as a specialty? 2. When should his aid be sought by the general practitioner? 3. How can this aid be sought for
Cytokine profile of sickle cell disease in Oman
Authors: Anil Pathare, Salam Al Kindi, Adel Alwan Alnaqdy, Shahina Daar, Huxley Knox‐Macaulay, David Dennison
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The aim of our study was to assess the cytokine profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady state and in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). VOC has a complex nature, involving interactions between sickle red blood cells (RBC), the endothelium, and leucocytes. Endothelial damage due to recurrent adhesion of sickle RBCs may disrupt endothelial function, leading to altered cytokine release. It is therefore pertinent to study the cytokine profile of SCD patients in steady state and in crisis prior to exploring its contribution to vaso-occlusive manifestations, since it is believed that an altered balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in painful crisis. Cytokines including IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma were measured by commercially available ELISA kits in SCD patients (n = 60); in steady state (n = 26) and in painful crisis (n = 34) and compared with nonanemic age- and sex-matched normal Omani controls (n = 20). SCD patients in crisis showed elevated levels of TNF-alpha (P < 0.092) and IL-6 (P < 0.024) when compared with steady state. It was also observed that SCD patients in steady state showed a significant elevation in IL-1beta (P < 0.04), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), and IFN-gamma (P < 0.02) as compared to normal subjects. It is thus evident that both type I and type II cytokines are significantly altered in SCD patients. In steady state, type II proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, whereas in crisis, an additional augmentation of type I cytokines occurs, with persistent elevation of type II cytokines, emphasizing the role of perturbed endothelium and activated monocytes in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell crisis.
Intravenous Prochlorperazine for Acute Headache-Reply
Authors: David Sklar
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Drs Diamond, Freitag, and Feldman for their comments regarding our article. We share their concerns about the overzealous use of prochlorperazine (eg, prescribed at higher doses or as long-term prophylaxis) without further investigation. The incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients who take prochlorperazine has been reported as 0.5% (5/1001).1 No reactions occurred in patients receiving less than 10 mg of prochlorperazine.<sup>1</sup>As described in our article, extrapyramidal symptoms can be minimized further by avoiding the use of prochlorperazine in susceptible individuals (eg, children). The most feared complication of antipsychotic drug therapy is tardive dyskinesia. However, this disorder is more common in the elderly and more likely to occur with exposure to high doses and during prolonged treatment.<sup>2,3</sup>Our collective experience during the past 8 years has shown intravenous prochlorperazine to be extremely safe as well as efficacious for the short-term treatment of acute headache
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with a New Radiotracer, Technetium-99m-Hexamibi (Methoxy Isobutyl Isonitrile): Comparison with Thallium-201 Imaging
Authors: R TAILLEFER, G DUPRAS, V SPORN, P RIGO, J LEVEILLE, P BOUCHER, N PEREZ-BALINO, L L CAMIN, K A McKUSICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Technetium-99m-hexamibi (methoxy isobutyl isonitrile) is a Tc-99m-hexakis analog that can be used as a myocardial perfusion imaging agent. This is a report of an initial study that was performed in four institutions to assess the feasability of Tc-99m-hexamibi myocardial imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing treadmill stress test. Thirty-three patients referred for evaluation of chest pain had two exercise stress tests, one with TI-201 and at least 24 hours after, and a second one with Tc-99m-hexamibi. Myocardial planar imaging started 60 minutes after injection at stress of 10–20 mCi of Tc-99m-hexamibi. Because this agent does not redistribute in myocardium after a stress injection, a second injection of 10–20 mCi of Tc-99m-hexamibi was performed with the patient at rest a few days later. Qualitative assessment of both TI-201 and Tc-99m-hexamibi myocardial distribution was performed in 297 left ventricle segments (three segments of each of three views). There was a good correlation for the presence of normality, scar, or ischemia with the two radiopharmaceuticals, both on a segment by segment (259/297, or 87.2%) and patient-by-patient basis (29/33, or 87.9%). The number of segments found ischemic with TI-201 and with Tc-99m-hexamibi were nearly equal, as were the number that were normal with one radiopharmaceutical and ischemic by the other. This initial study demonstrates that it is possible to detect stress-induced abnormalities of myocardial perfusion with Tc-99m-hexamibi similar to TI-201 imaging.
The Practicing Physician's Approach to Headache
Authors: George W. Paulson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

It is unusual that on the same day<i>The Practicing Physician's Approach to Headache</i>arrived to be reviewed, a duplicate also arrived from an enthusiastic patient. The patient was right: this book should be known to his physician, but it may also help any intelligent patient. Authors Diamond and Dalessio perceptively review the major types of headache, including several unusual varieties of vascular headache, effort headache, and cluster headache, and offer extensive discussion on drug abuse, biofeedback, and operant conditioning. Large, clear tables are featured, and each chapter is vigorously presented and broken into major subheadings. There are a few surprising shifts in style, such as a question-and-answer format in one area, scientific tables in the next, and then a disarming folksiness. Some of the writing is repetitive and unkempt. One paragraph states: "Tomography may be necessary if one wishes to demonstrate a localized bony erosion of the wall of
Drinking water arsenic in Utah: A cohort mortality study.
Authors: D R Lewis, J W Southwick, R Ouellet-Hellstrom, J Rench, R L Calderon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The association of drinking water arsenic and mortality outcome was investigated in a cohort of residents from Millard County, Utah. Median drinking water arsenic concentrations for selected study towns ranged from 14 to 166 ppb and were from public and private samples collected and analyzed under the auspices of the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Drinking Water. Cohort members were assembled using historical documents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Using residence history and median drinking water arsenic concentration, a matrix for cumulative arsenic exposure was created. Without regard to specific exposure levels, statistically significant findings include increased mortality from hypertensive heart disease [SMR = 2.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-3.36], nephritis and nephrosis (SMR = 1.72; CI, 1.13-2.50), and prostate cancer (SMR = 1.45; CI, 1.07-1. 91) among cohort males. Among cohort females, statistically significant increased mortality was found for hypertensive heart disease (SMR = 1.73; CI, 1.11-2.58) and for the category of all other heart disease, which includes pulmonary heart disease, pericarditis, and other diseases of the pericardium (SMR = 1.43; CI, 1.11-1.80). SMR analysis by low, medium, and high arsenic exposure groups hinted at a dose relationship for prostate cancer. Although the SMRs by exposure category were elevated for hypertensive heart disease for both males and females, the increases were not sequential from low to high groups. Because the relationship between health effects and exposure to drinking water arsenic is not well established in U.S. populations, further evaluation of effects in low-exposure populations is warranted.
Abstract 3662: Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human acute leukemia T and lymphoma B cells via a receptor independent mechanism
Authors: Marina Sanchez-Hidalgo, Melanie Lee, Catalina Alarcón de la Lastra, Juan M. Guerrero, Graham Packham
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Loss of melatonin (MLT) production due to age contributes to immunosenescence onset and age-related diseases such as cancer. MLT reduces proliferation in many different cancer cell lines. However, MLT effects on subjects with immune cell cancer are controversial, and little is known about its action mechanisms in human malignant lymphoid cells. In the current study, we examined the effect of different doses of MLT (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) administration on human acute leukemia T cells (Jurkat), Burkitt (Ramos), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (Sudhl4) and follicular B no-Hodgkin lymphoma (Dohh2) cells analyzing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, caspase cascade activation pathway and the role of melatonin transmembrane receptors. The data showed that high concentrations (millimolar) of melatonin significantly inhibited progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle and increased apoptotic cell death via caspase cascade activation and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 and −9 cleavages in all cell lines studied. There was also evidence of caspase-8 activation in Ramos and Sudhl4 cells. Reduced levels of procaspase-8 were detected in Dohh2 cells after melatonin treatment, thus evidence of activation even though the cleaved fragment was not detected. Interestingly, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression was also observed in melatonin treatment in Dohh2 cells whereas Mcl-1 antiapoptotic protein expression remained unchanged in each malignant cell line studied. A significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was also detected in Ramos cells. Finally, using luzindole (LZD), as a MT1 and MT2 melatonin membrane receptor antagonist, we observed that MLT inhibited cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death by means of a melatonin membrane receptor independent pathway. This novel finding shows that a nontoxic natural indoleamine may be a potential therapy for some types of human lymphoid malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3662.
Improving Survival in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Is Experience Everything?.
Authors: Deborah J. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The perception of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a medical disease is changing. Previously considered fatal in the short term and amenable only to palliative measures, AIDS now is viewed increasingly as a long-term disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in which therapy might significantly prolong life and some complications might be totally preventable. This changing perception has important implications for how health care services to people with HIV infection might be provided in the future, and it likely will influence the ongoing debate over the advisability of creating dedicated AIDS centers. In the early years of the epidemic, patients with AIDS often were treated aggressively in research hospitals. However, appreciation of the high fatality associated with the disease despite such efforts soon resulted in an emphasis on compassionate, low-technology care aimed at improving the quality rather than the length of life. Intensive support measures such as intubation were believed