tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti‐IL‐5 recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (Mepolizumab) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. M. Oldhoff, U. Darsow, T. Werfel, K. Katzer, A. Wulf, J. Laifaoui, D. J. Hijnen, S. Plötz, E. F. Knol, A. Kapp, C. A. F. M. Bruijnzeel‐Koomen, J. Ring, M. S. de Bruin‐Weller
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Eosinophils may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Interleukin‐5 is essential for eosinophil growth, differentiation and migration. A monoclonal antibody to human interleukin‐5 (mepolizumab) was developed for atopic diseases. This study was designed to study the effect of mepolizumab in AD. Methods: Two single doses of 750 mg mepolizumab, given 1 week apart, were studied in patients with moderate to severe AD using a randomized, placebo‐controlled parallel group design. The primary endpoint of ‘success’ to treatment was defined as the percentage of patients with at least ‘marked improvement’ after 2 weeks as assessed by the Physician's Global Assessment of Improvement (PGA). Furthermore, SCORing AD (SCORAD), pruritus scoring, number of blood eosinophils and serum thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) values served as secondary endpoints. Fluticason propionate cream 0.05%, once daily could be used as rescue medication from day 16 if no improvement was recorded. Results: Eighteen patients received mepolizumab and 22 placebo treatment. Peripheral blood eosinophil numbers were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with placebo ( P &lt; 0.05). No clinical success was reached by PGA assessment ( P = 0.115), SCORAD ( P = 0.293), pruritus scoring and TARC values in the mepolizumab‐treated group compared with placebo. However, modest improvement (&lt;50% improvement) assessed by PGA was scored significantly more in the mepolizumab‐treated group compared with placebo ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Two single doses of 750 mg mepolizumab did not result in clinical success in patients with AD, despite a significant decrease in peripheral blood eosinophils.
Vitamin E Supplementation and In Vivo Immune Response in Healthy Elderly Subjects
Authors: Simin Nikbin Meydani
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether long-term supplementation with vitamin E enhances in vivo, clinically relevant measures of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. <h3>Setting and Participants.</h3> —A total of 88 free-living, healthy subjects at least 65 years of age. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo group or to groups consuming 60, 200, or 800 mg/d of vitamin E for 235 days. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response (DTH); antibody response to hepatitis B, tetanus and diphtheria, and pneumococcal vaccines; and autoantibodies to DNA and thyroglobulin were assessed before and after supplementation. <h3>Results.</h3> —Supplementation with vitamin E for 4 months improved certain clinically relevant indexes of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly. Subjects consuming 200 mg/d of vitamin E had a 65% increase in DTH and a 6-fold increase in antibody titer to hepatitis B compared with placebo (17% and 3-fold, respectively), 60-mg/d (41% and 3-fold, respectively), and 800-mg/d (49% and 2.5-fold, respectively) groups. The 200-mg/d group also had a significant increase in antibody titer to tetanus vaccine. Subjects in the upper tertile of serum α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentration (&gt;48.4 μmol/L [2.08 mg/dL]) after supplementation had higher antibody response to hepatitis B and DTH. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on antibody titer to diphtheria and did not affect immunoglobulin levels or levels of T and B cells. No significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on autoantibody levels was observed. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Our results indicate that a level of vitamin E greater than currently recommended enhances certain clinically relevant in vivo indexes of T-cell-mediated function in healthy elderly persons. No adverse effects were observed with vitamin E supplementation.
Ronald Napier Robertson Grant
Authors: A. Grant, G. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and preliminarily explore possible risk factors of physical activity-related injury (PARI) occurrences among Chinese university students via a multicentre mixed survey. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Participants</h3> A total of 4758 undergraduates graded 1–3 in nine universities in three Chinese cities were enrolled via cluster random sampling and completed the self-administered online questionnaires during March and April 2017. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> PARI in the past 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 4758 participants, 1081 sustained PARI in the past 12 months, with an overall PARI incidence rate of 22.7% (27.3% (367/1343) in males and 20.9%(714/3415) in females). Around one-quarter of the injured (26.4%) suffered from PARI over at least three episodes. More than half of the injured subjects experienced physical activity (PA) absenteeism and sought medical attention. All PA indicators were significantly and positively associated with PARI, with a frequency of sports and leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) participation being the strongest (adjusted OR: 1.079, 95% CI: 1.018 to 1.144). Moreover, males (OR=1.199), Shantou students (OR=4.239), year 1 students (OR=1.287), university and other sports team members (OR=1.717–2.360) and those with insufficient sleep time (OR=1.262–1.333) were also at a higher risk of PARI. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PARI is prevalent among university students in China. The frequency of sports and leisure-time VPA participation was most strongly associated with PARI among all PA indicators. These data can inform future programmes for injury intervention among university students. Safety issues should also be emphasised when promoting PA among the public to reduce PARI.
Abstract 4718: Inherited variants in relapse-associated genes and risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: Abraham Peedicayil, Robert A. Vierkant, Lynn C. Hartmann, Brooke L. Fridley, Zachary S. Fredericksen, Kristin L. White, Elaine A. Elliott, Catherine M. Phelan, Ya-Yu Tsai, Andrew Berchuck, Edwin S. Iversen, Fergus J. Couch, Prema P. Peethambaram, Melissa C. Larson, Kimberly R. Kalli, Matthew L. Kosel, Vijayalakshmi Shridhar, David N. Rider, Mark Liebow, Julie M. Cunningham, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Thomas A. Sellers, Ellen L. Goode
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We previously identified a panel of genes associated with outcome of ovarian cancer. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether variants in these genes correlated with ovarian cancer risk. Methods and Findings: Women with and without invasive ovarian cancer (749 cases, 1,041 controls) were genotyped at 136 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 13 candidate genes. Risk was estimated for each SNP and for overall variation within each gene. At the gene-level, variation within MSL1 (male-specific lethal-1 homolog) was associated with risk of serous cancer (p=0.03); haplotypes within PRPF31 (PRP31 pre-mRNA processing factor 31 homolog) were associated with risk of invasive disease (p=0.03). MSL1 rs7211770 was associated with decreased risk of serous disease (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.98; p=0.03). SNPs in MFSD7, BTN3A3, ZNF200, PTPRS, and CCND1A were inversely associated with risk (p&amp;lt;0.05), and there was increased risk at HEXIM1 rs1053578 (p=0.04, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.91). Conclusions: Tumor studies can reveal novel genes worthy of follow-up for cancer susceptibility. Here, we found that inherited markers in the gene encoding MSL1, part of a complex that modifies the histone H4, may decrease risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4718.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HERNIA.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

One of the most brilliant triumphs of modern aseptic surgery is the undoubted demonstration that hernia, in all its common varieties, may be permanently cured. This occasion offers little more than the possibility of somewhat dogmatically emphasizing certain fundamental factors and conditions which enter into the problem, and which must be understood in order to make possible the permanent cure of hernia. Since inguinal hernia in the male is by far the most common of all varieties, and much the more difficult of cure, it is proper that the limited time at our disposal should be devoted to the consideration of this variety. The normal anatomic relationships of the important structures which form the anterior lower portion of the abdominal wall are invested with an entirely new interest when considered from the standpoint of their physiologic function in connection with the reproductive organs. For many reasons it would have been
Mandated Self-reporting of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Bundle and Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Bundle Compliance and Infection Rates
Authors: Ryan A. Helmick, Meredith L. Knofsky, Carla C. Braxton, Anuradha Subramanian, Patricia Byers, Charlie K. W. Lan, Samir S. Awad
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> As quality measures increasingly become tied to payment, evaluating the most effective ways to provide high-quality care becomes more important. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine whether mandated reporting for ventilator and catheter bundle compliance is correlated with decreased infection rates, and to determine whether labor-intensive audits are correlated with compliance. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Multiyear retrospective review of aggregated data from all patients admitted to 15 intensive care units in a Veterans Affairs hospital setting (the Veterans Integrated Service Network 16) from 2009 to 2011. <h3>Exposures</h3> Ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related bloodstream infections. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Mean rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related bloodstream infection were analyzed by year. Relationships between infection rates, self-reported compliance, and audits were analyzed by Pearson correlation. <h3>Results</h3> During the study period, ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased from 2.50 to 1.60 infections per 1000 ventilator days (<i>P</i> = .07). The rate of pneumonia was not correlated with self-reported compliance overall (<i>R</i> = 0.19) or by individual year (2009,<i>R</i> = 0.30; 2010,<i>R</i> = 0.24; 2011,<i>R</i> = 0.46); there was a correlation in cardiac intensive care units (<i>R</i> = −0.70) but not other types of intensive care units (mixed,<i>R</i> = −0.18; medical,<i>R</i> = 0.42; surgical,<i>R</i> = 0.34). Catheter-related bloodstream infections decreased from 2.38 to 0.73 infections per 1000 catheter days (<i>P</i> = .04). The rate of catheter infection was not correlated with self-reported compliance overall (<i>R</i> = −0.18), by individual year (2009,<i>R</i> = −0.39; 2010,<i>R</i> = −0.42; 2011,<i>R</i> = 0.37), or by intensive care unit type (mixed,<i>R</i> = −0.19; cardiac,<i>R</i> = 0.55; medical,<i>R</i> = 0.17; surgical,<i>R</i> = −0.44). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Current mandated self-reported compliance and audit measures are poorly correlated with decreased ventilator-associated pneumonia or catheter-related bloodstream infection.
FIP1L1/PDGFRα synergizes with SCF to induce systemic mastocytosis in a murine model of chronic eosinophilic leukemia/hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Yoshiyuki Yamada, Abel Sanchez-Aguilera, Eric B. Brandt, Melissa McBride, Nabeel J. H. Al-Moamen, Fred D. Finkelman, David A. Williams, Jose A. Cancelas, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Blood (2008)
Pay-for-Performance System for English Physicians
Authors: Bernard M. Rosof, Carl A. Sirio, Karen S. Kmetik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Doran et al. (July 17 issue)1 found low rates of exception reporting among family practices in England and conclude that there is little evidence of gaming in the pay-for-performance system. The authors did not have access to the reasons for exception reporting. This finding may allay fears of misuse of exceptions while heightening concern that capturing rare events adds an unnecessary data-collection burden. Some incorrectly may assume that all exception data are lost to inquiry. In fact, exceptions should be captured, categorized, and reported to delineate appropriate and inappropriate variations in care. Exceptions flag important clinical conditions . . .
Idoxuridine in Herpes Zoster: Further Evaluation of Intermittent Topical Therapy
Authors: R. Dawber
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a randomized double-blind controlled trial of the value of intermittent topical idoxuridine in treating herpes zoster in 118 patients idoxuridine 5% in 100% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), applied four-hourly for four days, significantly shortened the vesicular phase, healing time, and duration of pain; idoxuridine 25% applied two-hourly produced no greater benefit. The only side effects were transient tender erythema in three patients and "urticarial" oedema in two patients with dermographia.
Age of onset of symptoms in duodenal and gastric ulcer.
Authors: J Y Kang
Journal: Gut (1990)

The influence of the age of onset of symptoms on various clinical features of peptic ulcer was studied in a personal series of 492 patients (duodenal ulcer 363, gastric ulcer 98, combined gastric and duodenal ulcer 31). Duodenal ulcer patients whose age of onset of symptoms was within the first three decades (n = 166) were more likely to be men (77%) and to have a positive family history of dyspepsia (45%) and a history of haemorrhage (46%) when compared with late onset patients (n = 197, men 57%, positive family history 23%, history of haemorrhage 36%). Early onset duodenal ulcer patients also secreted more gastric acid than late onset patients. In contrast, while early onset gastric ulcer patients were more likely to be men, when compared to late onset patients, the two groups were similar in their family history of dyspepsia, their history of haemorrhage, and their gastric acid output. The age of onset of Malay duodenal ulcer patients (mean (SD) 43.6 (16.0] was higher than those for Chinese patients (33.7 (16.1].
Coronary Artery Spasm
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: JAMA (1981)

DURING the first half of this century, studies based on postmortem examinations of the hearts of patients who had experienced angina pectoris and myocardial infarction implicated fixed coronary artery stenoses secondary to arteriosclerosis as the cause of myocardial ischemia. Interest in the causal role of coronary artery spasm was stimulated by Prinzmetal et al<sup>1</sup>in 1959 who described a group of patients with angina at rest associated with ST-segment elevations. They postulated that this clinical syndrome, which they termed "variant angina," is due to spasm of a large, proximal, coronary artery. Subsequently, coronary arteriography provided unequivocal evidence of coronary artery spasm, thus establishing firmly the validity of the hypothesis by Prinzmetal et al. These important clinical observations were followed by studies on experimental animals that showed that coronary vascular resistance can be influenced notably by stimulation or blockade of the α-adrenergic nerves innervating the coronary vascular bed, indicating that
Baseline factors associated with congestive heart failure in patients receiving etoricoxib or diclofenac: multivariate analysis of the MEDAL program
Authors: Henry Krum, Sean P. Curtis, Amarjot Kaur, Hongwei Wang, Steven S. Smugar, Matthew R. Weir, Loren Laine, D. Craig Brater, Christopher P. Cannon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Teaching Interviewing and Interpersonal Skills
Authors: Gerald Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Original Contribution entitled "Medical Interviewing and Interpersonal Skills Teaching in US Medical Schools"<sup>1</sup>merits comment from a perspective other than the medical. As a teacher of interpersonal skills (IPS) with some 44 years of experience and modest experience consulting with medical schools, I would offer the following response. A survey of what is being taught physicians about interpersonal communication is irrelevant without careful definition. Performance skills carry the same obligation for precise definition as does nosology. For example, as a communication skills teacher, I can train people to argue a case, participate in a committee meeting, conduct several kinds of interviews (gathering information, journalistic, analytic, and the like). I can teach the routines of phatic communion, methods of following social norms, techniques of offering consolation and solace, and many things. These are not amenable to a consistent form of instruction. Each has its own nuances
Factor analysis of exercise capacity, dyspnoea ratings and lung function in patients with severe COPD
Authors: RE Wegner, RA Jorres, DK Kirsten, H Magnussen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In this study we aimed to determine the relationship between exercise capacity, clinical ratings of dyspnoea and lung function parameters in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by means of the statistical method of factor analysis. Sixty two patients (mean age +/- SD, 66 +/- 9 yrs) in stable clinical condition, with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < 65% of predicted were investigated. Before the study, therapy was optimized, including inhaled bronchodilators, theophylline and steroids. Exercise capacity was determined from the best 6 min walking distance achieved in five self-paced treadmill walks performed on consecutive days. Lung function testing comprised spirometry and body plethysmography. Four different tools were chosen to rate dyspnoea and quality of life: the Baseline Dyspnoea Index (BDI), the Oxygen Cost Diagram (OCD), a modified Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale, and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ). Principal component factor analysis revealed that the data could be reduced to three hypothetical underlying variables (factors), which accounted for 79% of the total variance. BDI, MRC, OCD, CRQ and walking distance were attributed to the first factor, forced expiratory volume in one second and airway resistance to the second factor, and lung volumes to the third factor. Thus, our data suggest that the pathophysiological condition of severe COPD is characterized by three statistically independent entities: 1) exercise capacity, dyspnoea and quality of life ratings; 2) airway obstruction; and 3) pulmonary hyperinflation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
It Takes Four Years...
Authors: William F. Hejna
Journal: JAMA (1975)

MEDICAL school curricula have undergone significant methodological changes during the past ten years, prompted by such factors as social demand, technological development, and fiscal pressure. Among those changes is a trend toward shortening the time from high-school graduation to starting practice; this is most usually accomplished by accelerating the rate at which students are expected to learn the medical school portion of that continuum. About 50 schools have regular or optional three-year curricula. Some have an accelerated premedical/ medical school program of six years.  Rush Medical College of Chicago recently reversed this trend by changing its regular three-year program to the more standard four-year format. The reasoning behind this move deserves comment. Further, the intensely dynamic sociopolitical climate in which medical education exists during the current decade justifies repeated review of the validity for moving in the direction of a shortened curriculum.  Rush Medical College was chartered in 1837 and
Wear out or Rust out? — Dental Care — Medical Aspects of Boxing
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE National Insurance Act has given every working man the right to a small pension at the age of sixty-five. It has recently been suggested that there are grounds for encouraging a policy whereby people should remain at work longer rather than claim their insurance pensions as soon as they may. The needs of the present-day labor force and the observation of Dr. J. H. Sheldon that "occupation is the best medicine for the aged" are the two main reasons for this view.The report of a recent investigation into the reasons for retiring or continuing at work throws new . . .
Concentration of Wear Products in Hair, Blood, and Urine after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: R. F. Coleman, J. Herrington, J. T. Scales
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Raised levels of cobalt and chromium are found in the blood and urine of patients with metallic total hip replacements. When one of the hip components is made of polyethylene much less metal seems to be released from the joint. The long-term effects of the accumulation of chromium in the body need to be studied further.
The effect of high-fat diet on the composition of the gut microbiota in cloned and non-cloned pigs of lean and obese phenotype
Authors: Rebecca Pedersen, Anders Daniel Andersen, Marie Louise Hermann-Bank, Jan Stagsted, Mette Boye
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-far-high-energy diet on cloned and non-cloned domestic pigs of both lean and obese phenotype and to evaluate if the lean cloned pigs had a lower inter-individual variation as compared with non-cloned pigs. The microbiota of colon and terminal ileum was investigated in cloned and non-cloned pigs that received a high-far-high-energy diet with either restricted or ad libitum access to feed, resulting in lean and obese phenotypes, respectively. The fecal microbiota of lean pigs was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The intestinal microbiota of lean and obese cloned and non-cloned pigs was analyzed by quantitative real time PCR and a novel high-throughput qPCR platform (Fluidigm). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the T-RFLP profiles revealed that lean cloned and non-cloned pigs had a different overall composition of their gut microbiota. The colon of lean cloned pigs contained relatively more bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and less from the phylum Bacteroidetes than obese cloned pigs as estimated by qPCR. Fluidigm qPCR results revealed differences in specific bacterial groups in the gut microbiota of both lean and obese pigs. Our results suggest that high-far-high-energy diet is associated with changes in the gut microbiota even in the absence of obesity. Overall, the cloned pigs had a different gut microbiota from that of non-cloned pigs. To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate the gut microbiota of cloned domestic pigs of lean and obese phenotype.
ProvenCare lung cancer: A multi‐institutional improvement collaborative
Authors: Mark R. Katlic, Matthew A. Facktor, Scott A. Berry, Karen E. McKinley, Albert Bothe, Glenn D. Steele
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2011)

Abstract Geisinger's ProvenCare TM Program (for elective coronary artery bypass surgery, total hip replacement, and others) has shown that the principles of reliability science, facilitated by a robust electronic health record and institutional commitment, allow the re‐engineering of complicated clinical processes. This eliminates unwarranted variation and promotes the completion of evidence‐based elements of care. It has not been established that ProvenCare can be generalized to other institutions. Now, under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer, ProvenCare has been adapted to a multi‐institutional collaborative for the care of the patient with resectable lung cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society, Inc.