tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ossification centres in a radiograph of a child's elbow
Authors: Y. Chen, H. H. Tam
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Purpose: Antimitotic chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of multimodality treatment for locally advanced and metastatic cancers. To identify novel mitosis-specific agents with higher selectivity than approved tubulin-binding agents (taxanes, Vinca alkaloids), we have generated inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1, a target that functions predominantly in mitosis.  Experimental Design: The first compound in this series, suitable for i.v. administration, has entered clinical development. To fully explore the potential of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition in oncology, we have profiled additional compounds and now describe a novel clinical candidate.  Results: BI 6727 is a highly potent (enzyme IC50 = 0.87 nmol/L, EC50 = 11-37 nmol/L on a panel of cancer cell lines) and selective dihydropteridinone with distinct properties. First, BI 6727 has a pharmacokinetic profile favoring sustained exposure of tumor tissues with a high volume of distribution and a long terminal half-life in mice (Vss = 7.6 L/kg, t1/2 = 46 h) and rats (Vss = 22 L/kg, t1/2 = 54 h). Second, BI 6727 has physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties that allow in vivo testing of i.v. as well as oral formulations, adding flexibility to dosing schedules. Finally, BI 6727 shows marked antitumor activity in multiple cancer models, including a model of taxane-resistant colorectal cancer. With oral and i.v. routes of administration, the total weekly dose of BI 6727 is most relevant for efficacy, supporting the use of a variety of well-tolerated dosing schedules.  Conclusion: These findings warrant further investigation of BI 6727 as a tailored antimitotic agent; clinical studies have been initiated.
Pregnant women receiving benefit in Britain eat badly
Authors: R. Claxton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Most pregnant women receiving income support in Britain cannot afford to eat a healthy, balanced diet and are likely to have babies who weigh less than the national average, says a report from two charities, the National Children's Home and the Maternity Alliance.

The report calls for a benefit supplement to be made available to women with low incomes from the time their pregnancy is confirmed.

The charities carried out a survey, using questionnaires and in depth interviews, into …
Paclitaxel-loaded poly(γ-glutamic acid)-poly(lactide) nanoparticles as a targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer
Authors: Hsiang-Fa Liang, Chiung-Tong Chen, Sung-Ching Chen, Anandrao R. Kulkarni, Ya-Ling Chiu, Mei-Chin Chen, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
False Alarm on Spray Adhesives
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Elsewhere in this issue, it is reported that spray adhesives, after all, do not appear responsible for causing undue chromosomal damage and hence, by extrapolation, disastrous genetic mutations. Under ordinary circumstances such a negative report would hardly warrant consumption of Journal page space, but at the time the study was made and the report submitted, the Consumer Product Safety Commission had banned spray adhesives, presumably for fear that those exposed to them might have genetically deformed children. According to a Medical World News survey,1 the isolated findings by one investigator that led to the Commission's indictment of spray adhesives were . . .
The refit model for end-stage liver disease-Na is not a better predictor of mortality than the refit model for end-stage liver disease in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Jun Jae Kim, Jeong Han Kim, Ja Kyung Koo, Yun Jung Choi, Soon Young Ko, Won Hyeok Choe, So Young Kwon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

The modification of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scoring system (Refit MELD) and the modification of MELD-Na (Refit MELDNa), which optimized the MELD coefficients, were published in 2011. We aimed to validate the superiority of the Refit MELDNa over the Refit MELD for the prediction of 3-month mortality in Korean patients with cirrhosis and ascites.We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites to the Konkuk University Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011. The Refit MELD and Refit MELDNa were compared using the predictive value of the 3-month mortality, as assessed by the Child-Pugh score.In total, 530 patients were enrolled, 87 of whom died within 3 months. Alcohol was the most common etiology of their cirrhosis (n=271, 51.1%), and the most common cause of death was variceal bleeding (n=20, 23%). The areas under the receiver operating curve (AUROCs) for the Child-Pugh, Refit MELD, and Refit MELDNa scores were 0.754, 0.791, and 0.764 respectively; the corresponding values when the analysis was performed only in patients with persistent ascites (n=115) were 0.725, 0.804, and 0.796, respectively. The significant difference found among the Child-Pugh, Refit MELD, and Refit MELDNa scores was between the Child-Pugh score and Refit MELD in patients with persistent ascites (P=0.039).Refit MELD and Refit MELDNa exhibited good predictability for 3-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. However, Refit MELDNa was not found to be a better predictor than Refit MELD, despite the known relationship between hyponatremia and mortality in cirrhotic patients with ascites.
Problems in the Staging of Hodgkin Disease
Authors: John J. Jolley
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In hospitals where patients with Hodgkin disease are not entered into protocol studies, staging is discontinued when enough information has been gathered to make a decision about treatment procedures—radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or the combined modalities. The following report demonstrates how mediastinoscopy may be useful in arrival at the stage III designation when a patient presents with disease below the diaphragm. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 20-year-old man with a three-week history of fever and night sweats had a 4×4 cm right lower quadrant mass without other adenopathy or splenomegaly and nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease on biopsy. Other studies showed leukopenia, anemia, and a hypercellular bone marrow. A right upper lobe pneumonitis that occurred postoperatively after the biopsy cleared completely with antibiotic treatment. Negative staging procedures included tomographic liver scan, intravenous pyelogram, closed liver biopsy, and peritoneoscopy with multiple liver biopsies. A second bone marrow biopsy showed early fibrosis
Authors' refute careless talk about ADP receptor antagonists
Authors: I. W Uthman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In January we reported the case of a patient who developed acute arthritis after taking ticlopidine.1 After reviewing the literature and discovering another two case reports of acute arthritis associated with the use of a similar drug (clopidogrel),2 we suggested that this class of ADP receptor antagonists should be considered as a potential cause of acute arthritis.

In April a letter by Green et al implied that our report was “careless talk that may cost lives,”3 which we refute.

Firstly, Green et …
Disintegration of a Pancreatic Duct Stone with Extracorporeal Shock Waves in a Patient with Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: T. Sauerbruch, J. Holl, M. Sackmann, R. Werner, R. Wotzka, G. Paumgartner
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with chronic calcifying pancreatitis in whom an intraductal pancreatic stone with a diameter of 8 mm was successfully disintegrated with extracorporeal shock waves, permitting subsequent endoscopic extraction of the fragments. The patient had a mild attack of pancreatitis after the treatment. We conclude that shockwave lithotripsy of a pancreatic duct stone in patients with chronic pancreatitis is possible. It should, however, be viewed with reservation until further experience has been gained.
What would you ask Margaret Chan?
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The spread of A/H1N1 flu has propelled Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, into the limelight. On 11 June she was on television and radio programmes across the world, declaring that “the world is now at the start of the 2009 influenza pandemic” and that “further spread is considered inevitable” ( BMJ 2009;338:b2425, doi:10.1136/bmj.b2425).

But what do we know about the 62 year old doctor who took over the reins …
Hypercytolytic activity of hepatic natural killer cells correlates with liver injury in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Zheng Zhang, Shuye Zhang, Zhengsheng Zou, Jianfei Shi, Juanjuan Zhao, Rong Fan, Enqiang Qin, Baosen Li, Zhiwei Li, Xiangsheng Xu, Junliang Fu, Jiyuan Zhang, Bin Gao, Zhigang Tian, Fu-Sheng Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Natural killer (NK) cells are abundant in the liver and serve as a major innate immune component against microbial infection. Although NK cells have been implicated in inducing hepatocellular damage in patients with chronic hepatitis virus infections, the roles that hepatic NK cells play in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain obscure. In this study, we comprehensively characterized intrahepatic and peripheral NK cells and investigated their impact on liver pathology in a cohort of HBV-infected individuals; this cohort included 51 immune-activated (IA) patients, 27 immune-tolerant (IT) carriers, and 26 healthy subjects. We found that NK cells expressing NK receptors (activation receptors) preferentially accumulated in the livers of IA patients, in which they were activated and skewed toward cytolytic activity but without a concomitant increase in interferon-γ production, in comparison with those of IT carriers and healthy subjects. Further analysis showed that the livers of IA patients, in comparison with those of IT and healthy subjects, expressed higher levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18 in situ and lower levels of IL-10, which in vitro can induce the activation and degranulation of NK cells from healthy individuals. Finally, hepatic NK cells displayed more cytolytic activity than peripheral NK cells, and this was found to be positively correlated with the liver histological activity index and serum alanine aminotransferase levels in these IA patients. Conclusion: In IA patients, hepatic NK cells are activated and preferentially skew toward cytolytic activity, which depends on an imbalanced cytokine milieu and correlates with liver injury during chronic HBV infection. (Hepatology 2011)
Radionuclide Angiocardiography in the Diagnosis of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: A J BRENDEL, S WYNCHANK, A CHOUSSAT, J L BARAT, D DUCASSOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) may constitute a pitfall for interpretation of radionuclide angiocardiography, since the two anatomic discordances cancel each other from a physiologic point of view. However, the unusual shape of the ventricles (due to ventricular discordance) and the relative position of the great arteries (due to transposition) can allow a clear scintigraphic diagnosis, especially for CTGA with mild or absent associated congenital anomalies. Five cases are described. Gated cardiac blood pool imaging is particularly helpful since it permits multiple views, allowing a more detailed study of the scintigraphic signs.
Septohippocampal comparator: Consciousness generator or attention feedback loop?
Authors: Marcel Kinsbourne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract As Gray insists, his comparator model proposes a brute correlation only – of consciousness with septohippocampal output. I suggest that the comparator straddles a feedback loop that boosts the activation of novel representations, thus helping them feature in present or recollected experience. Such a role in organizing conscious contents would transcend correlation and help explain how consciousness emerges from brain function.
THE TREATMENT OF CHOREA MINOR WITH EPINEPHRINE
Authors: Samuel Karelitz
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In 1925, Duzar,<sup>1</sup>while studying blood pressure in childhood, observed that epinephrine given intravenously to children suffering from chorea caused cessation of choreiform movements for a period of from ten to fifteen seconds. As the effect of the epinephrine wore off the choreiform manifestations returned. By applying this observation empirically, he hoped to be able to cure chorea with repeated injections of epinephrine. Desiring to use large doses of epinephrine, he produced an alkalotic reaction of the blood by giving large doses of sodium bicarbonate. Appreciating the significance of Sydenham's chorea and its allied rheumatic manifestations, and also that until this time arsenicals, bromides, nonspecific protein therapy and other medications have not proved to be adequate remedies, we welcomed Duzar's suggestion and believed it worthy of trial. He outlined the following procedure, which he used as a routine: 1. Sodium bicarbonate, from 20 to 30 Gm., is given daily
Effect of left ventricular akinesis on cardiac performance. Experimental study using a new model.
Authors: P R Maggs, T P Nener, F H Ellis
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The understanding of left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction has been facilitated by a two-component model proposed by Swan et al. which views the left ventricle as consisting of a clearly defined infarcted portion and a normally functioning remainder. Although appealing, this model is difficult to substantiate experimentally. We describe a new experimental preparation in which the infarct is stimulated by replacing part of the left ventricular wall with an inert patch of Dacron material. In 18 dogs studied after replacing varying amounts of left ventricular contractile mass with noncontractile patches, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose in proportion to the size of the patch. Contractility was unchanged, and overall left ventricular pump function was normal. These data support the conceptual model. The experimental preparation is applicable to other studies of left ventricular akinesis.
Studies on Whole-body Potassium in Non-ketoacidotic Diabetics Before and After Treatment
Authors: C. H. Walsh, N. G. Soler, H. James, M. G. Fitzgerald, J. M. Malins
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Serial measurements of whole-body potassium were carried out in 28 diabetic patients, in 23 of whom diabetes had only recently been diagnosed. Eleven patients were treated with insulin, 12 with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and the rest were already on oral hypoglycaemic agents and had developed poor diabetic control; four of these required insulin. Whole-body potassium was measured before treatment was begun (or altered) and again one and six weeks later. Whole-body potassium (ratio of observed to expected) was initially reduced in most of the patients requiring insulin. After control of diabetes whole-body potassium increased significantly in the three groups. The increase in whole-body potassium in the individual patients varied over a wide range, and in patients who were treated with insulin it was often of a similar magnitude to that observed in patients in diabetic ketoacidosis.
Persistent mesenteric ischemia in a young woman.
Authors: N J Scolding, A G Fraser, A H el Shaboury
Journal: BMJ (1987)

plasma glucose value.By using an antiserum which does not cross react with insulin (Guildhay Antisera, Guildford), much of the circulating immunoreactive insulin was subsequently shown to be proinsulin. CommentVery low energy diets have been used clinically as an aid to weight loss in gross obesity.'The recent more general availability ofsuch diets has enabled them to be used without medical supervision by people with moderate to minimal obesity.The present case illustrates an interesting though rare manifestation of very low energy intake; indeed, low energy, low carbo- hydrate diets were advocated as a provocative test for insulinoma in lieu of total fasting.2Signs and symptoms ofhypoglycaemia are not a feature oflow energy diets in the absence oforganic disease and their occurrence, as in thii case, should lead to further investigation.
Erlotinib and sorafenib in an orthotopic rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wolfgang Sieghart, Matthias Pinter, Bernhard Dauser, Natalya Rohr-Udilova, Anne-Christine Piguet, Gerald Prager, Hubert Hayden, Hans-Peter Dienes, Jean-Francois Dufour, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
FEASIBILITY OF ASSESSING FOR PREOPERATIVE LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILE FUNCTION USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENT WITH MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Takenori Otsuka, Makoto Suzuki, Hisao Yoshikawa, Go Hashimoto, Youko Ishikawa, Takako Tsuchida, Tsukasa Osaki, Naoshi Itou, Tsuyoshi Ono, Masato Nakamura, Masao Moroi, Masato Nakamura, Kaoru Sugi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Endocrine Diagnosis: Clinical and Laboratory Approach
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This text is unique in that it emphasizes the "process" of endocrine diagnosis. There are 17 chapters written by 14 contributing authors, arranged in the following format: (1) "Clinical Considerations," (2) "Diagnostic Methods," (3) "Diagnostic Protocol," and (4) "Discussion." Each chapter is followed by a respectable list of current references. The 31 schematic diagnostic protocols are the most intriguing and controversial aspects of this book. Endocrinologists are argumentative by nature, and it is difficult to get any two to agree on how to evaluate any particular condition. In addition, technology advances so rapidly that what might be considered a proper protocol this year may soon be considered outdated. Finally, the proper protocol must be influenced by the talent available in a particular locality. Not surprisingly then, this endocrinologist found fault with some of the diagnostic protocols. Because I am especially interested in thyroidology, I eagerly turned to that chapter and
Human Papillomavirus Testing for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Jack Cuzick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US National Institutes of Health clarifies E-biomed database
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The director of the US National Institutes of Health, Harold Varmus, has published a clarification of his original proposal to offer “the international scientific community free, fast, and full access to the entire biomedical literature” through a single electronic database called E-biomed (1 May, p 1165).

The clarification seeks “to restate …
Hospital ethics committees may discourage staff from making own decisions
Authors: F. Leavitt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—I am sceptical about the value of clinical ethics committees.1

Firstly, having a hospital ethicist or ethics committee can allow the ward staff to let others take the responsibility for hard decisions: “The ethicists said it was OK. What do you want of me?”

Secondly, the existence of ethicists and their committees can be an excuse for ward …
The 48-Hour Adrenocorticotrophin Infusion Test for Adrenocortical Insufficiency
Authors: LESLIE I. ROSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A new continuous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) infusion test for 24 or 48 hr can accurately distinguish between normal adrenocortical function, primary adrenocortical insufficiency, and "secondary" adrenocortical insufficiency. It has the distinct advantage over previously used ACTH infusion tests in that it shortens by 2 to 3 days the period of hospitalization required in the evaluation of patients suspected of having adrenocortical insufficiency. The procedure for performance of the continuous ACTH infusion test and the criteria for diagnosis and differentiation between normal adrenocortical function, primary adrenocortical insufficiency, and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency are presented.
A Clinical Lecture ON EPILEPSY CONSIDERED AS A SYMPTOM, NOT A DISEASE
Authors: J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1921)

So much hias been written about epilepsy from the earliest timies thjat it m ay seem presutmptuous in anyyonie to thiink or hiope thlat lie may conitribute something new to such a subject.I should m-ake no suchi claimn, for I feel sure thlat muuchl of whlat I am about to say has been said before, altliough it may hlave been said differently, anid the subject may hlave been approached from a somewhlat differenit angle.I hlave beeni fortunate enough to have a consider- able experience of thlis disease, if disease it is to be called, during a good mnany years, and I have been not a little disappointed and surprised at the tendency whichl has lately become obvious towards an attempt to approaclh its explanation on otlher grounds thlan thlat of physical disturbance-in my opinion, a definitely retrograde movement.In a recent paper1 Dr. Pierce Clark, apparently despair.ing of any physical interpretation of epileptic plhenomena and curiously obliviouts ofthle constant tendency in Huglliings Jackson's writings, setshlimself to explain them on a psychological 'lasis.Such a psyclhological basis for plhenoomnna of whlich the plhysical symuptonms are so distinct, requires much ingenuity aind not a little imagination.It seems tome tlhat it would be just as reasonable to require a psychological basis for Jacksonian fits, or for uraemic convulsions, or for the convulsions produced in a mnonkey by the intravenous injection of absintlhe, as for the phenomena of what has been calledepilepsy.With regard to the so-called "latent plheno.mena" of epilepsy we franklylhave no belief in them.Welhappen to know men (and women too) subject to occasional convulsive attacks, wlho on ordinary occasions are normal hlealtlhy individuals, working regularly, doing goodwork, capable intellectually and physically, in wllomii themost earniest psychlological analyst or observer would fail, we feel sure, to detect any abnormality.And to say tllat " transitory phobias, ecstasies, and most common of all, irritable and depressive states," are characteristic of