tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intravenous oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 for accelerating labour.
Authors: A R Weekes, H H Makanji, C R West
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a prospective study of 52 consecutive women who required acceleration of labour intravenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was used as the oxytocic agent. These mothers were matched for age, parity, height, gestational age, initial cervical dilatation, and station and position of the fetal head with 52 women whose labours were accelerated with oxytocin; both drugs were equally effective. Acceleration to delivery intervals, second-stage durations, the number of assisted deliveries, and Apgar scores were similar regardless of the oxytocic used. Although PGE2 compares well with oxytocin, it offers no further advantages and is more expensive and less well tried than oxytocin.
Do β-tubulin pseudogenes really matter?
Authors: Cristobal Belda-Iniesta C, Rosario Perona, Javier de Castro Carpeno, Sharmila Chattopadhyay, Enrique Casado, Paloma Cejas, Juan Angel Fresno Vara, Concepcion Moreno Guerra, Manuel Gonzalez Baron
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2004)
Prevalence of HIV infection among ex-prisoners in England.
Authors: P. J. Turnbull, G. V. Stimson, K. A. Dolan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

medical advice for them.Men as well as women often experience these symptoms, and consultation be- haviour is likely to explain previous assertions that irritable bowel syndrome is experienced predominantly by women.The patients with the syndrome reported here also had rectal bleeding much more commonly than subjects without the syndrome, but consultation rates for rectal bleeding are also low.We still have a poor understanding of the triggers to consultation among these patients.Studies from North America have reported that psychopathology is more frequent in consulting than non-consulting patients with irritable bowel syndrome but is not a feature of the syndrome itself.725More research is required to clarify patients' reasons for seeking medical advice and their expectations of their medical attendants so that the clinical care of patients with these common symptoms can be improved.We thank all the participating general practitioners and their patients for their cooperation, the Scientific Foundation Board of the Royal College of General Practitioners and Duphar Laboratories Ltd for their support, and Professor Michael Farthing for helpful suggestions.
Oral Aminophylline Therapy
Authors: Darwin E. Zaske
Journal: JAMA (1977)

While monitoring oral aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine) therapy, larger doses (milligrams per kilogram) were necessary for children than for adults to achieve similar therapeutic serum levels. The mean apparent theophylline clearance (ATC) determined in 59 children was significantly higher (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) than determined in 114 adults (84.8 versus 51.4 ml/hr/kg). Additionally, the younger children (1 to 9 years) eliminated theophylline more rapidly than the older children (10 to 18 years) (93.8 versus 77.3 ml/hr/kg). When initiating continuous oral aminophylline therapy, dosage guidelines, based on the mean ATC calculated for each group, were predicted, and trough theophylline serum levels of 10μg/ml were obtained. The guidelines for aminophylline were 28.0, 23.2, and 15.6 mg/kg/day administered in four divided doses for the younger children, older children, and adults, respectively. Monitoring of serum levels is suggested to further individualize the patient's aminophylline therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1453-1455, 1977)
Targeting Nonclassical Oncogenes for Therapy in T-ALL
Authors: Prem S. Subramaniam, Dosh W. Whye, Evgeni Efimenko, Jianchung Chen, Valeria Tosello, Kim De Keersmaecker, Adam Kashishian, Mary Ann Thompson, Mireia Castillo, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Utpal P. Davé, Adolfo Ferrando, Brian J. Lannutti, Thomas G. Diacovo
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Dose finding with a novel recombinant plasminogen activator (BM 06,022) in patients with acute myocardial infarction: Results of the German recombinant plasminogen activator study
Authors: Karl-Ludwig Neuhaus, Rainer von Essen, Albrecht Vogt, Ulrich Tebbe, Jörg Rustige, Hans-Joachim Wagner, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Ulrich Stienen, Reinhard König, Wolfgang Meyer-Sabellek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Abstract 3086: α-arrestin-1 acts as a nuclear transcriptional regulator of endothelin A receptor signalling to promote ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Laura Rosanò, Roberta Cianfrocca, Piera Tocci, Francesca Spinella, Valeriana Di Castro, Erica Salvati, Anna Maria Biroccio, Pier Giorgio Natali, Anna Bagnato
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), endothelin (ET)-1/endothelin A receptor (ETAR) autocrine loop activates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant progression through the activation of β-catenin-driven transcriptional programs. Although it has been demonstrated that α-arrestin-1 (α-arr1) is involved in ETAR signalling acting as cytoplasmic scaffold protein, the specific contribution to ETAR-regulated EOC progression in the nuclear compartment remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrated that in response to ETAR activation by ET-1, endogenous as well as exogenous α-arr1 translocated to the nucleus in different EOC cell lines. To study a putative role of α-arr1 in controlling gene expression, we investigated the relationship of α-arr1 with β-catenin. We found that ET-1-driven α-arr1 nuclear translocation is associated with a nuclear translocation of with β-catenin and their physical interaction, as shown by microscopy and biochemical analysis. This nuclear complex, that include TCF4 transcription factor, is localized in ET-1-dependent manner on the promoter regions of specific β-catenin target genes, such as ET-1, matrix-metalloproteinase-2, and Cyclin D1, thus promoting their transcription. Gain/loss of function approaches as well as nuclear mutant α-arr1 expression demonstrated that this complex is critical for the recruitment and binding of p300 acetyltransferase on these promoters, resulting in enhanced H3 and H4 histone acetylation, enhanced promoter activity and gene expression, specifically required for ETAR-induced cell migration, invasion, and EMT. In a murine orthotopic model of metastatic human EOC, silencing of α-arr1 or expression of nuclear mutant α-arr1, as well as ETAR blockade, by the specific antagonist zibotentan, inhibits metastasis and intravasation. Finely, in human EOC tissues, α-arr1/β-catenin nuclear complexes are selectively enriched at specific gene promoters compared to non-tumoral ovarian tissues. Therefore, our study provides insights into how a nuclear α-arr1-mediated epigenetic mechanism controls β-catenin activity in response to ETAR activation, deciphering a novel function for α-arr1 as signal transducer for the nuclear compartmentalization of ETAR signalling in promoting tumor metastasis. Supported by AIRC, AstraZeneca Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3086. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3086
Linking health technology assessment to practice
Authors: R. Rosen, J. Gabbay
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To make best use of scarce healthcare resources the diffusion and adoption of new technologies should be linked to evidence of their clinical and cost effectiveness. 1 2 Yet despite major recent developments in the conduct and dissemination of health technology assessment, 3 4 the diffusion of technologies continues with little reference to research. So why does health technology assessment still have so little impact in the political world of healthcare organisations? 

The answer lies partly in the complexity of the forces (such as clinician enthusiasm, media campaigns, public opinion, manufacturers' inducements, hospital developments, and government regulations) that determine the diffusion of new technologies and the way that health technology assessment interacts with them. For example, government regulations delayed the introduction of lithotripsy in France until French made machines were available, even after its effectiveness was proved in selected patients.5 In contrast, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was in widespread use by 1994 despite there having been only three peer reviewed randomised trials. The reason for this rapid uptake has not been studied in depth, but Hatlie argues that in the United States “a rapid response to the market's demand for new treatment modalities that involve less pain or a shorter recovery period may be wholly appropriate.”6 He admits concern, however, about the additional influences of the revenue interests of surgical centres, surgeons' desires to expand their markets, and manufacturers' desires for equipment sales.

#### Summary points

Reasons for the limited influence of health technology assessment on the use of new technologies include failure to assess the effect of new technologies on the organisations which adopt them, the complex nature of knowledge about new technologies, and the personal and social values through which results are interpreted

The current focus on clinical and cost effectiveness produces work of limited relevance to managerial decision makers, who …
SYSTEMIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND OUTCOMES IN ADULTS WITH D-TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES WITH ATRIAL SWITCH: THE VALUE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC QUANTIFICATION
Authors: Anjan Deka, Jawad Kiani, Maria-Alexandra Pernetz, Vasiliki V. Georgiopoulou, William L. Border, Michael McConnell, Stamatios Lerakis, Javed Butler, Randolph P. Martin, Wendy M. Book, Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for Ta T1 Bladder Tumors Is Not Associated with Increased Toxicity: Results from a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group Phase III Trial
Authors: Adrian P.M. van der Meijden, Richard J. Sylvester, Wim Oosterlinck, Wolfgang Hoeltl, Aldo V. Bono
Journal: European Urology (2003)
A living will is not euthanasia
Authors: S. Luttrell, C. Bielawska
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Early diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is important to enable prompt referral to a supraregional centre for bone marrow transplantation before the occurrence of end organ damage secondary to infective complications. This review outlines clinical, microbiological, and immunopathological clues that aid the diagnosis of SCID and emphasises the multidisciplinary approach needed to diagnose and treat these infants.
Prospects for Broad-Spectrum Chemotherapy of Serious Viral Respiratory Infections
Authors: David S. Fedson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Physicians are aware of the importance of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as causative agents for severe respiratory illness. Both are responsible for widespread community outbreaks during winter months. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. Yet, early in life, both RSV and influenza viruses may be responsible for increases in pediatric hospital admissions.<sup>1,2</sup>In later years, repeated infection with these agents is inescapable. Influenza viruses have long been associated with increased mortality caused by respiratory disease among elderly persons and others with serious underlying medical conditions. However, previous measures of excess mortality may have substantially underestimated their impact. Recent studies have documented the yearly occurrence of community outbreaks of influenza A or B virus infections, each outbreak accompanied by increases in hospital admissions and deaths caused by respiratory disease.<sup>3</sup>There is also a
Validation of a rapid whole blood test for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: P Moayyedi, A M Carter, A Catto, R M Heppell, P J Grant, A T R Axon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To examine whether short stature through childhood represents a disadvantage at around 12 years.Design: Longitudinal non-intervention study of the physical and psychological development of children recruited from the community in 1986-7 after entry into primary school at age 5-6 years; this is the second psychometric assessment made in 1994-5 after entry into secondary school at age 11-13 years.Setting: Southampton and Winchester health districts.Subjects: 106 short normal children ( < 3rd centile for height when recruited) and 119 controls of average stature (10th-90th centile).Main outcome measures: Psychometric measures of cognitive development, self concept development, behaviour, and locus of control.Results: The short children did not differ significantly from the control children on measures of self esteem (19.4 v 20.2), self perception (104.2 v 102.4), parents' perception (46.9 v 47.0), or behaviour (6.8 v 5.3).The short children achieved significantly lower scores on measures of intelligence quotient (IQ) (102.6 v 108.6;P < 0.005), reading attainment (44.3 v 47.9; P < 0.002), and basic number skills (40.2 v 43.5; P < 0.003) and displayed less internalisation of control (16.6 v 14.3; P < 0.001) and less satisfaction with their height (P < 0.0001).More short than control children, however, came from working class homes (P < 0.05).Social class was a better predictor than height of all measures except that of body satisfaction.Attainment scores were predicted by class and IQ together rather than by height.Height accounted for some of the variance in IQ and locus of control scores.Conclusions: These results provide only limited support for the hypothesis that short children are disadvantaged, at least up until 11-13 years old.Social class seems to have more influence than height on children's psychological development.
Biochemical basis for the difference between normal and atherosclerotic arterial fluorescence.
Authors: L I Laifer, K M O'Brien, M L Stetz, G R Gindi, T J Garrand, L I Deckelbaum
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The observation that laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra of atherosclerotic and normal artery are different has been proposed as the basis for guiding a "smart" laser angioplasty system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of this difference in LIF. Helium-cadmium laser-induced (325 nm) fluorescence was recorded from pure samples of known constituents of normal and atherosclerotic artery including collagen, elastin, calcium, cholesterol, and glycosaminoglycans. Similarities between the LIF spectra of atherosclerotic plaque and collagen and normal aorta and elastin were noted. LIF spectroscopy was then performed on specimens of atherosclerotic aortic plaque (n = 9) and normal aorta (n = 13) and on their extracted lipid, collagen, and elastin. Lipid extraction did not significantly alter atherosclerotic plaque or normal aortic LIF, suggesting a minor contribution of lipid to arterial LIF. The LIF spectra of normal aorta wall was similar to the spectra of the extracted elastin, whereas the LIF spectra of atherosclerotic aortic plaque was similar to the spectra of the extracted collagen. These observations are consistent with the reported relative collagen-to-elastin content ratio of 0.5 for normal arterial wall and 7.3 for atherosclerotic plaque. A classification algorithm was developed to discriminate normal and atherosclerotic aortic spectra based on an elastin and collagen spectral decomposition. A discriminant score was formed by the difference of elastin and collagen (E-C) coefficients and used to classify 182 aortic fluorescence spectra. The mean E-C value was +0.83 +/- 0.04 for normal and -0.48 +/- 0.07 for atherosclerotic aorta (p less than 0.001). Classification accuracy was 92%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Health-Related Quality of Life of Severely Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Tasha M. Burwinkle, James W. Varni
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context One in 7 US children and adolescents is obese, yet little is known about their health-related quality of life (QOL). Objective To examine the health-related QOL of obese children and adolescents compared with children and adolescents who are healthy or those diagnosed as having cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study of 106 children and adolescents (57 males) between the ages of 5 and 18 years (mean [SD], 12.1 [3] years), who had been referred to an academic children's hospital for evaluation of obesity between January and June 2002. Children and adolescents had a mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of 34.7 (9.3) and BMI z score of 2.6 (0.5). Main Outcome Measures Child self-report and parent proxy report using a pediatric QOL inventory generic core scale (range, 0-100). The inventory was administered by an interviewer for children aged 5 through 7 years. Scores were compared with previously published scores for healthy children and adolescents and children and adolescents diagnosed as having cancer. Results Compared with healthy children and adolescents, obese children and adolescents reported significantly ( P &amp;amp;lt;.001) lower health-related QOL in all domains (mean [SD] total score, 67 [16.3] for obese children and adolescents; 83 [14.8] for healthy children and adolescents). Obese children and adolescents were more likely to have impaired health-related QOL than healthy children and adolescents (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-8.7) and were similar to children and adolescents diagnosed as having cancer (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8-2.3). Children and adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea reported a significantly lower health-related QOL total score (mean [SD], 53.8 [13.3]) than obese children and adolescents without obstructive sleep apnea (mean [SD], 67.9 [16.2]). For parent proxy report, the child or adolescent's BMI z score was significantly inversely correlated with total score ( r = −0.246; P = .01), physical functioning ( r = −0.263; P &amp;amp;lt;.01), social functioning ( r = −0.347; P &amp;amp;lt;.001), and psychosocial functioning ( r = −0.209; P = .03). Conclusions Severely obese children and adolescents have lower health-related QOL than children and adolescents who are healthy and similar QOL as those diagnosed as having cancer. Physicians, parents, and teachers need to be informed of the risk for impaired health-related QOL among obese children and adolescents to target interventions that could enhance health outcomes.
Oxygen radicals and asbestos carcinogenesis.
Authors: V D Moyer, C A Cistulli, C A Vaslet, A B Kane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Asbestos fibers have been shown to generate reactive oxygen species using a variety of in vitro assays. It is hypothesized that these highly reactive metabolites mediate the development of malignant mesothelioma induced by asbestos fibers. DNA is a potential target of oxidant attack. Adaptive responses to oxidant injury have been described during exposure of mesothelial cells to asbestos fibers in vitro. Failure of these adaptive responses may lead to genetic instability and alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that confer a proliferative advantage to emerging neoplastic mesothelial cells.
Neither constant nor a fallacy
Authors: D. I Ben-Tovim, R. J Woodman, P. Hakendorf, J. Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mohammed and colleagues doubt the value of hospital standardised mortality ratios.1 They describe a possibility of increased bias consequent on a “constant risk fallacy” occurring if the effects of risk factors used in model adjustment process are assumed to be constant across hospitals in the subsequent hospital grouping, when they are not. Using data from four UK hospitals, Mohammed and colleagues showed …
Epicene Pronouns—Obliterate, Slash, or Pluralize?
Authors: Ray Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  In the recent exchange of letters regarding use of the common-gender he , 1 I must admire both the critic, who was rational but restrained in attack, and the criticized, who was gracious in defeat. It appears to me that both sides are documentedly right. By the same token, and from a philosophically more useful point of view, one could say that both sides must be wrong.  Between two wrongs, we are ethically obligated to choose the lesser evil. There have indeed been many wrong answers to the question addressed by the cited correspondents, some more evil than others. But once we have gained philosophic acceptance that what we do will inevitably be linguistically wrong to a greater or lesser extent, we then liberate ourselves to choose on some less futile basis than the pursuit of purism; or as Martin Luther put it, we must Love God and
Interventional and Surgical Cardiovascular Pathology: Clinical Correlations and Basic Principles
Authors: Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

If one has the hobby or habit of reading monographs on medicine and pathology, the hope is to be brought upto-date, to learn something new, and perhaps to be impressed by the onrush of biomedical research in a specialized field. Unless you were in cardiology, you would be unlikely to choose this book, with its cumbersome and slightly mysterious title, from a publisher's mailing or catalog or at a medical convention. This would be a mistake. Title aside, this is an unusually educational, satisfying, and indeed inspiring book. A community hospital pathologist, familiar with the autopsy results of individuals who die with advanced coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, likely has had his or her imagination dulled by the commonplace pathological findings. But reading Dr Schoen's descriptions and analyses will reveal in fascinating detail the new molecular biology, ultrastructure, and histopathology of ischemic heart disease and many other lesions. The
THE MORAL TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY.
Authors: H. M. BANNISTER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In a discussion in the Chicago Academy of Medicine last October, I made some remarks on the moral treatment of epilepsy, the substance of which afterward appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Associationand the<i>Medical Standard</i>. The subject appears to me, however, extensive and important enough to justify me in again calling attention to it, and perhaps stating certain points more fully than was done on the occasion referred to. If there is any fact established in pathology, that epilepsy is a disorder of the cerebral cortex must be admitted as such. While we may perhaps allow, with some of the Italian school, that in certain exceptional cases the basal ganglia may vicariate for the cortex in some of its functions, the general truth that convulsive manifestations, such as are characteristic of this disease and of cortical origin, may be considered as established. It, therefore, is a
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure
Authors: Jerome D. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Midgley et al<sup>1</sup>suggested that a 100-mmol/d reduction in sodium intake would yield an average decrease in blood pressure of 3.7 mm Hg (systolic) and 0.9 mm Hg (diastolic) in hypertensive individuals and 1.0 mm Hg (systolic) and 0.1 mm Hg (diastolic) in normotensive individuals and then questioned the wisdom of current recommendations for moderation in sodium intake in the general population. As the authors point out, many of the 56 trials that formed the basis for their meta-analysis were of questionable quality. Furthermore, the median length of intervention was only 14 days, which is considerably less than desirable for implementation of a behavior change intervention and too short to observe the full effects of a meaningful reduction in sodium intake on blood pressure. As a consequence, the analysis is heavily weighted by results from studies of doubtful relevance to the question at hand. Greater reliance should be