tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Infection Severity: A Registry Study of Laboratory Diagnosed Clostridium difficile
Authors: Iryna Schlackow, A. Sarah Walker, Kate Dingle, David Griffiths, Sarah Oakley, John Finney, Ali Vaughan, Martin J. Gill, Derrick W. Crook, Tim E. A. Peto, David H. Wyllie
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Changing clinical impact, as virulent clones replace less virulent ones, is a feature of many pathogenic bacterial species and can be difficult to detect. Consequently, innovative techniques monitoring infection severity are of potential clinical value.We studied 5,551 toxin-positive and 20,098 persistently toxin-negative patients tested for Clostridium difficile infection between February 1998 and July 2009 in a group of hospitals based in Oxford, UK, and investigated 28-day mortality and biomarkers of inflammation (blood neutrophil count, urea, and creatinine concentrations) collected at diagnosis using iterative sequential regression (ISR), a novel joinpoint-based regression technique suitable for serial monitoring of continuous or dichotomous outcomes. Among C. difficile toxin-positive patients in the Oxford hospitals, mean neutrophil counts on diagnosis increased from 2003, peaked in 2006-2007, and then declined; 28-day mortality increased from early 2006, peaked in late 2006-2007, and then declined. Molecular typing confirmed these changes were likely due to the ingress of the globally distributed severe C. difficile strain, ST1. We assessed the generalizability of ISR-based severity monitoring in three ways. First, we assessed and found strong (p<0.0001) associations between isolation of the ST1 severe strain and higher neutrophil counts at diagnosis in two unrelated large multi-centre studies, suggesting the technique described might be useful elsewhere. Second, we assessed and found similar trends in a second group of hospitals in Birmingham, UK, from which 5,399 cases were analysed. Third, we used simulation to assess the performance of this surveillance system given the ingress of future severe strains under a variety of assumptions. ISR-based severity monitoring allowed the detection of the severity change years earlier than mortality monitoring.Automated electronic systems providing early warning of the changing severity of infectious conditions can be established using routinely collected laboratory hospital data. In the settings studied here these systems have higher performance than those monitoring mortality, at least in C. difficile infection. Such systems could have wider applicability for monitoring infections presenting in hospital.
Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury exposure in inuit women of childbearing age.
Authors: G Muckle, P Ayotte, None Dewailly E, S W Jacobson, J L Jacobson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The objectives of this study were to to identify maternal characteristics associated with traditional food consumption and to examine food items associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury body burden in pregnant Inuit women from Northern Québec. We interviewed women from three communities at mid-pregnancy and at 1 and 11 months postpartum. We measured PCBs, Hg, and selenium in maternal blood; Hg was also measured in maternal hair. The women reported eating significant amounts of fish, beluga muktuk/fat, seal meat, and seal fat. Although consumption of fish and seal was associated with lower socioeconomic status, consumption of beluga whale was uniform across strata. Fish and seal meat consumption was associated with increased Hg concentrations in hair. Traditional food intake during pregnancy was unrelated to PCB body burden, which is more a function of lifetime consumption. This study corroborated previous findings relating marine mammal and fish consumption to increased Hg and selenium body burden. Despite widespread knowledge regarding the presence of these contaminants in traditional foods, a large proportion of Inuit women increased their consumption of these foods during pregnancy, primarily because of pregnancy-related changes in food preferences and the belief that these foods are beneficial during pregnancy.
Recent advances: Public health
Authors: G. Scally
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Identifying particular advances in public health is difficult because, in the final analysis, success can be judged only by improvement in the health of a population. Progress is rarely, if ever, a matter of developing a technical intervention and applying it. Population health is determined by a complex mixture of genetic, environmental, and social factors, as well as individual behaviour. Achieving progress not only relies on altering a complex situation but is often something that can be judged only over a period of years (or decades) rather than months. Clearer understanding of the determinants of health and ill health, better control of hazards to health, and earlier detection or improved treatment of established disease are the building blocks of gains in public health. In keeping with the broadening scope of public health practice, the skill base of the workforce is developing beyond medicine, particularly in the applied social sciences.
PREPARATION OF AN INHIBITOR OF VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION FROM HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Ralph H. Kathan, Richard J. Winzler, Clarence A. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A material, derived from human erythrocytes and believed to be identical with the receptor site for the myxoviruses, has been obtained in homogeneous form. The method of preparation involves pH adjustment of the stroma, hot phenolic extraction, chloroform-methanol treatment, and ultracentrifugation. The material so obtained possesses a high inhibitory titer to viral hemagglutination (45,000 to 60,000 inhibitory units/mg. against 4 hemagglutination units of Lee strain of influenza virus) and appears to be a glycoprotein containing 22 to 24 per cent sialic acid, 12 per cent hexose, 12 per cent hexosamine, 1 per cent fucose in addition to at least eleven amino acids. The sialic acid probably occupies a terminal position in an oligosaccharide chain extending from the protein peptide chain. The molecular weight is near 30,000-an unusually low value for substances possessing this biological activity. M and N blood group activity also seems to be associated with this protein.
Experience with the Logotherapeutic Technique of Paradoxical Intention in the Treatment of Phobic and Obsessive-Compulsive Patients
Authors: HANS O. GERZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The author reports that of 51 patients treated during a six-year period by the logotherapeutic technique of paradoxical intention (which he describes, citing case histories), almost 90 percent recovered or made considerable improvement. He notes that the technique is intended to supplement dynamic therapy, not replace it; drugs are also often used.
The REGγ Proteasome Regulates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through Inhibition of Autophagy
Authors: Shuxian Dong, Caifeng Jia, Shengping Zhang, Guangjian Fan, Yubing Li, Peipei Shan, Lianhui Sun, Wenzhen Xiao, Lei Li, Yi Zheng, Jinqin Liu, Haibing Wei, Chen Hu, Wen Zhang, Y. Eugene Chin, Qiwei Zhai, Qiao Li, Jian Liu, Fuli Jia, Qianxing Mo, Dean P. Edwards, Shixia Huang, Lawrence Chan, Bert W. O’Malley, Xiaotao Li, Chuangui Wang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Blocking Neuropilin-1 Function Has an Additive Effect with Anti-VEGF to Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Qi Pan, Yvan Chanthery, Wei-Ching Liang, Scott Stawicki, Judy Mak, Nisha Rathore, Raymond K. Tong, Joe Kowalski, Sharon Fong Yee, Glenn Pacheco, Sarajane Ross, Zhiyong Cheng, Jennifer Le Couter, Greg Plowman, Franklin Peale, Alexander W. Koch, Yan Wu, Anil Bagri, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Ryan J. Watts
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Central nervous system granulocytic sarcoma in a patient with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Mario Grande
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We report a rare case of central nervous system granulocytic sarcoma (GS) in a patient with essential thrombocythemia (ET). The diagnosis of GS was established by morphological and cytochemical findings (peroxidase and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase positivity) of neoplastic cells. GS was detected as an intracranial frontal mass 7 months before the transformation of ET in acute myeloid leukemia and relapsed as two extradural spinal masses during the course of leukemic evolution. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Organ donation from intensive care units.
Authors: B. Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1992)

ficulties of taking into account the comparative purchasing power of currencies -outside the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,4 and the countries' large "black economy."But people in most types of occupation, both manual and non-manual, seem to work in the black economy.Relative deprivation was seen not necessarily in relation to direct income distribution but in relation to privileges such as the ability to travel abroad or access to Western goods, privileges that in the West are related to income.Eastern Europe will be a testing ground for Wilkinson's hypothesis in view of the introduction of market forces, which will widen income dif- ferentials appreciably.
The Tie-2 ligand Angiopoietin-2 is stored in and rapidly released upon stimulation from endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies
Authors: Ulrike Fiedler, Marion Scharpfenecker, Stefanie Koidl, Anja Hegen, Verena Grunow, Jarno M. Schmidt, Wilhelm Kriz, Gavin Thurston, Hellmut G. Augustin
Journal: Blood (2004)
Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Stephen Hosea, Eric Brown, Carl Hammer, Michael Frank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by arterial hypoxemia as a result of increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins in the setting of normal capillary hydrostatic pressures. Because bacterial sepsis is prominent among the various diverse conditions associated with altered alveolar capillary permeability, we studied the effect of bacteremia with attendant complement activation on the sequestration of microorganisms and the leakage of albumin in the lungs of guinea pigs. Pneumococci were injected intravenously into guinea pigs and their localization was studied. Unlike normal guinea pigs, complement-depleted guinea pigs did not localize injected bacteria to the lungs. Preopsonization of organisms did not correct this defect in pulmonary localization of bacteria in complement-depleted animals, suggesting that a fluid-phase component of complement activation was required. Genetically C5-deficient mice showed no pulmonary localization of bacteria. C5-sufficient mice demonstrated the usual pulmonary localization, thus further suggesting that the activation of C5 might be important in this localization. The infusion of activated C5 increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins as assayed by the amount of radioactive albumin sequestered in the lung. Neutropenic animals did not develop altered capillary permeability after challenge with activated C5. Thus, complement activation through C5, in the presence of neutrophils, induces alterations in pulmonary alveolar capillary permeability and causes localization of bacteria to the pulmonary parenchyma. Complement activation in other disease states could potentially result in similar clinical manifestations.
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF THE AGENT TRANSMITTING LEUCOSIS OF FOWLS
Authors: J. Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The filterable agent transmitting leucosis resists drying, retaining its activity for at least 54 days. The conditions of successful desiccation have not been precisely ascertained. By the addition of glycerin the agent can be preserved for at least 104 days. It is not inactivated by freezing in liquid air. At 37.5°C. it loses its activity within 14 days, but retains some of its activity for at least 14 days when kept at 4°C.
Acute renal failure and rise in alkaline phosphatase activity caused by cimetidine.
Authors: C R Payne, P Ackrill, A J Ralston
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In nearly 14 000 administrations of Althesin the senior author of this paper (RL) has seen only two severe adverse reactions.These were in children of 5 and 6 years old after a second maxillary antral washout for chronic sinusitis within three weeks.The reaction occurred immediately and was manifested by pronounced pallor and cardio- vascular collapse with pronounced tachycardia but no bronchospasm.Both cases responded satisfactorily to intravenous administration of chiorpheniramine and hydrocortisone and ventilation with oxygen.Administering Althesin to other patients, we have observed a very low incidence of minor reactions such as flushing of the neck and shoulder region, coughing, hiccups, and limb movements.The patient discussed here, however, showed no adverse reactions, either of hypersensitivity or of untoward movement or coughing (obviously particularly important during a microltyngoscopic procedure).The patient had the endoscopic procedures performed on a day-case basis without analesia.Throughout this time she has continued full schooling and is now at university.Althesin has been shown to be rapidly cleared from the plama in animals and subsequently eliminated.3Clinical events in this case suggest that this is so in man and makes Althesin a good choice where repeated general anaesthetics may be necessary.
Surgical Pitfalls: Prevention and Management
Authors: Daniel J. Kacey
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROGRESS IN THE HANDLING OF CHRONIC PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: WILLIAM J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The internist and the surgeon are still far apart in their estimation of the necessity for the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer and of the value of such treatment, but the lines of divergence are converging. They are now quite generally agreed that, other things being equal, all patients with chronic mechanical obstruction and those who suffer from repeated hemorrhages or evidences of acute or chronic perforation should be treated surgically. They agree also that in all other types of the disease the patient should have as careful medical treatment as circumstances will permit until cure or chronicity is established. It goes without saying that recent ulcers should be treated medically. The surgeon sees patients whom medical treatment has failed to cure permanently, and he is, perhaps, less enthusiastic in his prognosis under such treatment than the internist who has relieved patients, greatly to their comfort and enthusiasm. Patients the
Treatment by Mechanical Vibration
Authors: S. Shubsachs
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), are associated with protein misfolding and aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Increasing evidence suggests that soluble, low molecular weight aggregates play a key role in disease-associated toxicity. Within these aggregates, protofibrillar loop-like structures have been observed for a variety of amyloid systems and their presence in brain tissues is associated with high levels of neuropathology. However, their mechanism of formation and relationship with mature fibrils has largely remained challenging to elucidate. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and statistical theory of biopolymers to characterise amyloid ring structures derived from the brains of AD patients. We analyse the bending fluctuations of protofibrils and show that the process of loop formation is governed by the mechanical properties of their chains. We conclude that <i>ex vivo</i> protofibril chains possess greater flexibility than that imparted by hydrogen-bonded networks characteristic of mature amyloid fibrils, such that they are able to form end-to-end connections. Furthermore, we show that these findings can be extended to several amyloid systems, giving a general framework relating the mechanical properties of assemblies and the conditions in which they can form loop structures. These results explain the diversity in the structures formed from protein aggregation and sheds light on the links between early forms of flexible ring-forming aggregates and their role in disease.
Abstract 396: Sequential metastases of colorectal cancer: Treatment, immunophenotypes and spatial distributions of infiltrating immune cells
Authors: Niels Halama, Sophia Keim, Inka Zoernig, Peter Schirmacher, Niels Grabe, Dirk Jaeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The role of the immune system in the course of colorectal cancer has been elucidated in the last decade. While quantification of the immune cell infiltrates within the the resected specimen at diagnosis has a clear power to estimate the prognosis of the patient, the role within the metastatic situation and especially within the metastatic lesion itself remains largely unclear. Recent analyses of infiltrates in colorectal cancer liver metastases revealed a role for the infiltrate density not only for prognosis but also in the prediction of treatment response. This not only broadens the view on these infiltrates and indicates a systematic role of the local immunological microenvironment, but also raises the question how these infiltrates change during repeated courses of treatment (i.e. resection, chemotherapy etc.). To adress this question, multiple sequential lung or sequential liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients were analyzed using whole slide image quantification, using antibodies against CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD68 and CD163. The clinical data and interventions were analyzed in association with the individual patient and the profiles of the metastatic lesions. The resulting cell densities reveal a heterogeneous profile: after successfull treatment of a metastatic lesion, the recurrent lesion can still have the same immunophenotype with similar cell distributions. In a situation of a favorable immune cell profile, this profile can return and apparently convey a similar favorable course of the disease. But also the opposite was found: the recurrent metastatic lesion could have a different profile with alterations in specific immune cell subsets. Treatment failure and a progression were observed after this change in immune cell composition. Further analyses are required to elucidate the different patterns and their associations to the treatment, the tumor cell phenotype and other factors. It is clear from this data however, that there is an immune cell plasticity during the course of the disease that needs to be analyzed and maybe has potential for improving therapeutic decisions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 396. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-396
Hypoglycemia and Polycythemia Associated with Primary Hepatoma
Authors: Arnold Schonfeld, David Babbott, Kare Gundersen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

HYPOGLYCEMIA associated with hepatic carcinoma was described by Nadler and Wolfer1 over thirty years ago. In 1958 McFadzean, Todd and Tsang2 reported polycythemia in association with hepatoma. To our knowledge the case of hepatoma presented below is the first associated with both hypoglycemia and elevated red-cell and plasma volumes to be reported.Case ReportA 27-year-old Puerto Rican man was admitted to the Hartford Municipal Hospital on January 11, 1960, complaining of anorexia and diarrhea. For 1 year he had been aware of a mass in the epigastrium, and in the 6 months before admission he had lost 13.6 kg. . . .
Pulsatile flow and pressure in human systemic arteries. Studies in man and in a multibranched model of the human systemic arterial tree.
Authors: M F O'Rourke, A P Avolio
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

This study seeks to explain mechanisms responsible for the contour of pressure and flow waves and the pattern of vascular impedance in human systemic arteries.Pulsatile pressure and flow were recorded from the ascending aorta of seven patients undergoing open heart surgery and from the ascending aorta and other arteries of 17 patients at diagnostic catheterization.Ascending aortic pressure/flow relationships in the seven surgical patients were expressed as input impedance to the systemic circulation.Pressure and flow wave contour and impedance results were interpreted with the aid of a multibranched model of the systemic arterial tree, whose parameters could be manipulated to simulate different physiological and pathological conditions.Our data and data previously published on pressure and flow waves and their relationship in human subjects could be explained on the basis of two reflecting sites in the systemic circulation-one representing the resultant of all arterial terminations in the upper part of the body, and the other, some 1.5 times further away, the resultant of all arterial terminations in the lower body.The concept of the arterial system as an asymmetric T tube with two discrete ends has been advanced previously to explain the main features of pressure and flow waves and their relationship in different experimental animals.This concept appears equally applicable to human subjects.
Osteitis Pubis
Authors: Mark B. Coventry
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The authors report experiences of their own and of their colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in 45 cases of osteitis pubis, in the hope of removing this condition from the narrow vision of the specialist who sees but an occasional case and correlating it with the broader aspects of the problem. They emphasize that it concerns not only the urologist and other specialists—orthopedist, radiologist, gynecologic surgeon, and internist—but also the general practitioner. Since cultures of material obtained from the bone at operation or by biopsy in 5 cases were sterile, they believe that the underlying difficulty is venous congestion secondary to inflammation in the adjacent urinary tract. Treatment was aimed at clearing up the urinary infection and relieving symptoms by local measures. In 5 cases symptoms were relieved by surgery.