tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bilateral tension pneumothorax in newborn.
Authors: I. V. Lishman, F. Mansfield
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Mrs. A sat watching on the settee.Just as he was tuning the set she " exploded."The man dropped his tools and pulled the wires from the socket but could not find any electrical fault.He then turned to Mrs.A and suggested that the metal springs of the settee had broken.Mrs. A, too shy to explain her abdominal secret, let him examine the settee.The medical and nursing staff and last but not least the patient herself can vouch for the truth of this story, which was not the result of surrender to Christmas spirits.It is felt that this new and somewhat dramatic Duo- gastrone side-effect should be known to others.
EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

A study was made of the infections produced in rabbits inoculated in the testicles with two strains of Treponema pallidum which had been carried in rabbits for several years. Infection resulted in all instances; the incubation period varied as a rule between 2 and 6 weeks and under properly chosen conditions could be reduced to approximately 3 weeks or less. The resulting infection pursued a typically cyclic or relapsing course which affected both the spirochetes and the associated lesions in the testicle. The spirochetes in the local lesions exhibited periodic changes less marked and less regular but identical in character with the changes which occur in the blood in cases of relapsing fever. The lesions in the testicle also showed periods of active development and quiescence or regression which followed closely upon the changes exhibited by the spirochetes. The specific reaction in the testicle showed considerable variation in the speed and sharpness with which successive phenomena occurred as well as in the character and extent of the processes themselves. These reactions were of two fundamental types. In one group of animals, the reaction was characterized by an intense cycle of acute exudation and infiltration with a lesser degree of proliferation, followed by crisis and subsequent recurrence of secondary cycles of proliferative reaction of a minor degree. In the other group of animals, the reaction was more chronic in character and consisted largely of infiltration and proliferation. The progress of the reaction was more gradual, and sharp alterations in its course were absent. The infection progressed by a succession of stages with slight and irregular remissions. In a third group of animals, the reaction was subacute, combining at the same time the processes of exudation, infiltration, and proliferation. The first cycle of reaction was fairly acute and terminated in a definite crisis with moderate regression which in turn was followed by recurrence and more or less pronounced secondary cycles of proliferation. In all cases of outspoken infection, there was diffuse involvement of testicle, tunic, epididymis, and cord, but as the infection progressed, the lesions underwent many transformations, so that a variety of lesions was formed from processes which in the beginning were of a common type. Eventually, the reaction became more irregular and the infection became centered in one or more foci which were commonly situated in the epididymis, tunics, scrotum, or mediastinum testis. These centers served as residual foci of infection. The duration of the testicular process was found to be very variable. In some animals, the entire reaction consisted of but a single sharp cycle, and the local infection was terminated by crisis within 4 to 6 weeks after inoculation. As a rule, the period of active infection was from 2 to 4 months, and quiescent or inactive lesions not infrequently lasted for from 4 to 6 months. In exceptional instances, local infection persisted for more than a year.
Potential role of hepatic macrophages in neutrophil-mediated liver injury in rats with sepsis
Authors: Fukashi Doi, Tomomochi Goya, Motomichi Torisu
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We investigated the pathogenesis of septic liver injury in rats caused by cecal ligation and puncture. In this model, numerous neutrophils accumulated in the liver in parallel with the development of liver dysfunction. The supernatants of hepatic macrophages isolated from these septic rats 24 hr after cecal ligation and puncture had enhanced chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. These results suggest that in sepsis, hepatic macrophages attract neutrophils to the liver. Human neutrophils preincubated in this macrophage supernatant had the following biological activities not seen in the sham-operated controls. (a) They became more adherent to cultured endothelial cells through up-regulation of adhesion molecules such as CD11b/CD18, (b) their chemiluminescence was markedly elevated. These functional changes of cecal ligation and puncture hepatic macrophages were the same as those in endotoxin-pretreated hepatic macrophages after isolation from normal rats. Therefore we suspect that hepatic macrophages are activated by portal vein endotoxin in sepsis. These activated hepatic macrophages secreted chemical mediators of inflammation, including leukotriene B4 and tumor necrosis factor. In conclusion, hepatic macrophages seem to interact closely with neutrophils and play an important role in the pathogenesis of septic liver injury.
Judge finds Governor Bush's law unconstitutional
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The long running legal battle to permit Mrs Terri Schiavo to die took another turn last week when Pinellas County Circuit Judge W Douglas Baird ruled on 6 May that Governor Jeb Bush's so called “Terri's law,” enacted to permit reinsertion of the patient's feeding tube, which had been removed, was unconstitutional.

Mrs Schiavo, aged 40, had been the focus of a bitter legal battle since her cardiac arrest in 1990 followed by persistent vegetative state ( BMJ 2003;327:949, 1010).

In his 23 …
Stirring the Pool
Authors: Sherman M. Mellinkoff
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Peabody,<sup>1</sup>in his famous address entitled "The Care of the Patient," noted that "whenever the lay public stops criticizing the type of modern doctor, the medical profession itself may be counted on to stir up the stagnant pool." There remains much truth in that observation. The revolution in American medical education that began toward the end of the last century and gathered momentum in this one was led mainly from within the profession. The revolution has never stopped. Medical faculties have been obliged to respond to the acceleration of scientific discovery and to social changes. Sometimes responses have seemed more evolutionary than revolutionary, but to review curricular content in any of the recent decades is to appreciate rapid change nearly everywhere. Occasionally, the whole framework of the curriculum is so restructured that it is perceived as an educational experiment. In 1971, an experiment was launched at the University of
Acute Tracheo-bronchitis
Authors: V. E. Negus
Journal: Thorax (1952)

Considerable attention has been directed to acute tracheo-bronchitis of recent years, and marked improvement has been reported in the treatment of what is a very serious condition.It is desirable to begin by classifyifig the types of disease, particularly since the treatment varies much according to the causative agent.An acute reaction readily occurs in the sensitive mucosa of the tracheo-bronchial tract, of columnar ciliated type except in the atria and alveoli, where there are no cilia.The larynx is lined by ciliated epithelium, except over the vocal folds, the covering of which is squamous.CLASSIFICATION Not all cases are due to bacterial infection, many being of an allergic nature, in response to the irritation of proteins, of oils, or of gases.They may be divided as follows: non-specific infection, diphtheria, vegetable foreign bodies, irritating oils and gases.The pathological factors common to all are swelling of the mucosa, the produc- tion of secretions, and sometimes sloughing of the epithelium. ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONSLarynx.-A marked feature of many cases is laryngeal obstruction, which is particularly obvious and dangerous in very young children.A study of the larynx of infants explains the reason, when it is realized how small are the diameters of the glottis and trachea and how relatively constricted is the aperture of the larynx in relation to the trachea (Figs. 1 and2).Most animals (Fig. 3), and especially those of active or fast running habit, have long arytenoid cartilages, long membranous folds, and in many instances a larynx expanded in a funnel-like manner, giving it a cross-sectional area equal to, or greater than, that of the trachea (Negus, 1949).The human species has not these advantages, the larynx being smaller in cross section than the trachea, particularly in infants, there being very considerable growth in older children, with obvious expansion by the age of 5 (Fig. 1).It is also to be noted that the mucosa of the subglottic region is particularly lax in infants (Jackson and Jackson, 1945) and capable of swelling to a considerable degree; the squamous epithelium of the vocal folds, on the other hand, is firmly bound down and unlikely to cause obstruction unless sloughing occurs.
Hepatic Necrosis Associated with Viral Infection after Enflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Herbert J. Douglas, Edmond I. Eger, Claude G. Biava, Cheryl Renzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Whenx death from massive hepatic necrosis follows anesthesia, the anesthetic is usually indicted although other potential culprits may be cited. Alternative causes include hepatotoxic drugs1 (e.g., phenelzine, antibiotics or tranquilizers), shock,1 , 2 transfusion,2 hyperpyrexia,2 , 3 sepsis,2 , 3 and viral infection.1 2 3 4 A conclusive diagnosis is rarely made. Some authorities argue for the existence of an identifiable hepatic lesion related to anesthetic exposure,4 and others assert that the association of anesthesia and hepatotoxicity is equivocal.5 In the case of death from massive hepatic necrosis after enflurane anesthesia reported below, a herpes-type virus unquestionably was associated with injury and death.Case ReportA 17-year-old boy in . . .
Risks of bleeding peptic ulcer associated with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: M.J.S. Langman, J. Weil, P. Wainwright, D.H. Lawson, M.D. Rawlins, R.F.A. Logan, M. Murphy, M.P. Vessey, D.G. Colin-Jones
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Tuberculosis and HIV infection.
Authors: N O'Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1991)

work much is done to promote change and publicise the problem.One result has been the national survey of blindness and low vision in The Gambia' -a whole country was surveyed, producing the best hard facts on blindness in west Africa.Other activities include the promotion of local courses for an ophthalmic nursing diploma in Sierra Leone and Ghana.By increasing awareness, both at home and abroad, pressure may be maintained on governments to develop services that will relieve this vast burden of suffering, and in this respect Dr Potter should be congratulated.
Severe juvenile vaginal bleeding due to Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ofer Markovitch, Martin Ellis, Michael Holzinger, Shmuel Goldberger, Yoram Beyth
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare inherited hematological disorder defined by deficiency or abnormality of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex. Presenting symptoms are hemorrhagic events, mainly epistaxis, purpura, or menorrhagia. We describe the clinical course and management of a 14-year-old girl with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and severe menorrhagia. Following treatment with 20 U of packed red blood cells, 37 U of platelets, 7 U of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, intravenous estrogens, and methylergotrine maleate with no improvement, the uterine cavity was packed for 48 hr. This unusual procedure halted the bleeding and avoided the necessity for a hysterectomy. When treating acute menorrhagia in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, the physician should be familiar with the characteristics and all treatment modalities for this disorder. Am. J. Hematol. 57:225–227, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy
Authors: Harold Sox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters4 April 2006Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin TherapyHarold Sox, MD, EditorHarold Sox, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As a matter of editorial policy, we avoid doing anything that people would interpret as collusion with a commercial company to draw attention to their product. In the case of Rosenstock and colleagues' paper (1), we knew that the FDA had not yet approved inhaled insulin, but we had no idea when it would announce its decision. We could not and did not engineer the publication date to coincide with the FDA announcement.Reference1. Rosenstock J, Zinman B, Murphy LJ, Clement SC, Moore P, Bowering CK, et al. Inhaled insulin improves glycemic control when substituted for or added to oral combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:549-58. [PMID: 16230721] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInhaled Insulin Improves Glycemic Control When Substituted for or Added to Oral Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Julio Rosenstock , Bernard Zinman , Liam J. Murphy , Stephen C. Clement , Paul Moore , C. Keith Bowering , Rosa Hendler , Shu-Ping Lan , and William T. Cefalu Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy Julio Rosenstock , Bernard Zinman , Liam J. Murphy , Stephen C. Clement , Paul Moore , C. Keith Bowering , Rosa Hendler , Shu-Ping Lan , and William T. Cefalu Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy Balavenkatesh Kanna and Neeti Mishra Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy Lorraine Tosiello and Priya Ravi Metrics 4 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 7Page: 533KeywordsConflicts of interestEngineersInsulinSafety ePublished: 4 April 2006 Issue Published: 4 April 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cancer Treatment–Induced Bone Loss in Breast and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fred Saad, Jonathan D. Adachi, Jacques P. Brown, Leah A. Canning, Karen A. Gelmon, Robert G. Josse, Kathleen I. Pritchard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Bone loss resulting from the treatment of breast and prostate cancer is an emerging problem. Bisphosphonates have a potential role in the prevention of this cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL).Studies evaluating the incidence and prevalence of CTIBL in early breast and prostate cancer patients and trials evaluating the preventative role of bisphosphonates were identified by a search of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases through the end of March 2008. Reference lists from retrieved articles were cross referenced, and further information was obtained from relevant scientific meetings.Several therapies commonly used in the treatment of women and men with breast and prostate cancers, in particular the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for breast cancer and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer, are associated with significant bone loss and with an increase in fracture risk. The use of bisphosphonates seems to attenuate the bone loss, although the long-term impact remains unclear because of insufficient follow-up.Adjuvant endocrine therapy with an AI or androgen deprivation can be considered a risk factor for the development of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fracture, which can be mitigated by appropriate bisphosphonate therapy. Clear identification of risk factors for osteoporosis in individual patients should aid treatment decisions about whether to use bisphosphonates when starting or switching to an AI or ADT. Patients need to be educated about this risk and other measures to avoid this complication, including lifestyle modifications that may benefit their general and bone health.
The first amendment and cigarette advertising [published erratum appears in JAMA 1986 Sep 12;256(10):1296]
Authors: V. Blasi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pneumonia: Macrolides or amoxicillin for community acquired pneumonia?
Authors: Federico Marchetti, Irene Berti
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Peripheral arterial disease: still on the periphery?Editor-Changes to the UK General Medical Services (GMS) quality and outcomes framework review include several new therapeutic areas. 1 However, although the GMS contract continues to emphasise risk factor management in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, or transient ischaemic attack, it again omits peripheral arterial disease, even though this has largely the same underlying cause and association with cardiovascular events and mortality.This omission is even more noticeable given that policy makers and experts representing the Joint British Societies recognise the importance of tackling peripheral arterial disease to reduce the morbidity and mortality from vascular disease. 1 An estimated 27 million people in Europe and North America have peripheral arterial disease. 2 In the United Kingdom, more than 100 000 people are newly diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease each year. 3Patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease have reduced mobility and poor quality of life, equating to some cancers.Equally importantly, peripheral arterial disease is a major marker comparable to angina for future cardiovascular events.As a result, 60% of patients die from myocardial infarction and 12% from stroke. 4 Efforts need to be directed towards modification of risk factors.Interventions include improved diet and exercise, smoking cessation programmes such as short term nicotine replacement therapy, drug therapy, and, where necessary, blood pressure and glucose regulation.The GMS contract cannot continue to ignore a substantial subgroup of patients with atherothrombotic disease.Peripheral arterial disease needs to have an appropriate allocation of points from the 152 points currently given to cardiovascular conditions.A simple mechanism would be to change coronary heart disease to cardiovascular disease, and patients with peripheral arterial disease would be included in the current assessment programme.We urge all those involved in the negotiation process to consider this alternative as a proposed, and probably successful, method of reducing cardiovascular mortality in line with government targets.
Betting your life on it: Gambling harms both health and equality
Authors: Nick Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
Remarks of the AMA Executive Vice President
Authors: James S. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1996)

There can be no doubt that these are turbulent times for physicians and the American Medical Association (AMA). At this time, I think it is important for us to pause and take a look at where medicine and the AMA are going. Last year, we were worried about universal coverage and government-controlled medicine. This year, the market has taken over where Washington feared to tread, and we have free-floating competition siphoning off profits from patients to stockholders. Through it all, the AMA has been at the center of activity— achieving success and pushing forward to meet the needs of patients and the profession. No door has been closed to us, not at any step along the way. But even when you've been a part of it, as we have, every step of the way, it's difficult to realize what a difference a year can make—the changing challenges of these swiftly
Structure and Function of the Nervous System (Organ Physiology)
Authors: Donald E. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>An Introduction to the Neurosciences</h3> by Brian A. Curtis, Stanley Jacobson, and Elliott M. Marcus, 878 pp, 564 illus, $19.75, W. B. Saunders Co., 1972. These two books, published simultaneously by the same publisher and addressed primarily to the same audience, reflect to different degrees the changes in medical education that have occurred during the past ten years. The first is derived almost entirely from an already extant—and quite good—<i>Textbook of Medical Physiology</i>and continues the admirably lucid expository style which has endeared Dr. Guyton's book to many. The reader has the feeling that the author is talking directly to him, often anticipating troublesome areas with an appropriate rhetorical question. The illustrations are mostly clearly labelled diagrams and line graphs; by intent, only such neuroanatomy as is absolutely necessary is included. The emphasis is on a functional understanding of the nervous system and secondarily on the disturbances of normal