tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMFRA (Intermittent Intrathecal Methotrexate and Fractional Radiation) plus chemotherapy in childhood leukemia
Authors: W. W. Zuelzer, Y. Ravindranath, J. M. Lusher, Sharada Sarnaik, Basil Considine
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract A protocol for the prophylaxis of CNS leukemia was devised involving intermittent low‐dosage radiation of the craniospinal axis combined with single intrathecal injections of MTX. The retionale for this protocol was the timing of first CNS relapses in patients not receiving prophylaxis which suggests that leukemic colonization of the CNS is not restricted to the initial stage of the disease and that periodic measures might be advantageous. The low dosage of radiation was chosen because it is well tolerated and has been found temporarily effective in overt CNS relapse. The two series of patients were comparable as to various parameters. Results after three years of observation were comparable to those obtained by others with a single initial course of high‐dose radiation, with an expected 50% uninterrupted complete 5‐year remission. On the basis of 30 months follow up in 26 patients, the therapy is well tolerated. An increase in morbidity due to infections in remission was not associated with a higher mortality.
Blair says whole of NHS should be opened up to competition
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Prime Minister Tony Blair told a meeting of private healthcare executives that he wanted to open the whole of the NHS to outside competition.

Mr Blair met managers from private US, European, and South African companies bidding to run 11 diagnostic and treatment centres, which will perform operations in specialties that have the highest waiting times—such as knee, hip, and cataract surgery.

According to a report in the Guardian (14 May, p 11), Mr Blair said: “We are anxious to ensure that this is the start of opening up the whole of the NHS …
New Preventive Care Guidelines May Have More Impact Than Predecessors
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

NEW GUIDELINES on preventive care may have much greater impact than others before, because they are backed by both those who do and those who pay for the procedures.  The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, the nation's largest private insurer, and the American College of Physicians, one of the largest medical specialty societies, collaborated for 3 years to produce guidelines that they say constitute a model preventive services insurance benefit package. The guidelines were first presented in the Annals of Internal Medicine (1991; 144:758-783) and are now in a book, Common Screening Tests , which is available from the American College of Physicians in Philadelphia, Pa.  The guidelines recommend specific screening strategies for heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, osteoporosis, and cancer of the breast, colon, cervix, and lung. Interventions such as exercise stress and thyroid disease tests in asymptomatic people are not recommended.  Emphasis is given to selective screening
The hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: David T. Palma, Michael B. Fallon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)

HPS occurs when pulmonary microvascular dilatation impairs arterial oxygenation in the setting of liver disease or portal hypertension. The syndrome is found in up to 15–20% of patients with cirrhosis and should be considered in any patient with chronic liver disease who develops dyspnea or hypoxemia. The presence of HPS increases mortality in the setting of cirrhosis and may influence the frequency and severity of complications of portal hypertension. The recognition in experimental models that a unique sequence of molecular alterations leads to endothelin-1 and TNF-α modulation of pulmonary microvascular tone may lead to the development of novel and effective medical therapies. Contrast echocardiography and standard cardiopulmonary testing are generally sufficient to make the diagnosis of HPS but further testing may be needed in patients that have both intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease and intrapulmonary vasodilatation. Treatment consists of supplemental oxygen and consideration of orthotopic liver transplantation if significant hypoxemia is present.
Optimal Medical Therapy vs CT Angiography Screening for Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Raymond J. Gibbons
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence of Depression in Adults With Diabetes: An epidemiological evaluation
Authors: Jeffrey A Gavard, Patrick J Lustman, Ray E Clouse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of depression in adult diabetic populations through a comprehensive literature review and to critically evaluate the methods and findings of such studies from an epidemiological perspective. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic review of the scientific literature revealed a total of 20 studies, 14 of which had been conducted since 1988. Nine of the studies were controlled investigations, whereas the remaining 11 studies did not contain comparison groups. The studies included both treatment and community samples. RESULTS The range of the prevalence of current depression obtained from structured diagnostic interviews in diabetic samples was 8.5–27.3% ( = 14.0%) in controlled studies and 11.0–19.9% ( = 15.4%) in uncontrolled studies. These rates are at least three times the prevalence of major depressive disorder found in the general adult population of the U.S. Investigations using depression symptom scales corroborated these findings, as the range of clinically significant depression symptomatology in diabetic samples was 21.8–60.0% ( = 32.4%) in controlled studies and 10.0–28.0% ( = 19.6%) in uncontrolled studies. CONCLUSIONS An increased prevalence of depression in diabetes relative to the general population is highly suggested by the literature, but biases and methodological problems commonly encountered in prevalence studies may interfere with the strength of this conclusion. An increased prevalence of depression in diabetes relative to other somatic illnesses remains unproven. The pervasive impact of depression on quality of life and its potential negative effect on diabetes management warrant recognition and treatment of the affective disorder in diabetic individuals.
The Atoms in the Cancer
Authors: Jed Myers
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4849: Implications of cancer induced blood coagulation in cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Yohei Hisada, Masahiro Yasunaga, Shingo Hanaoka, Shinji Saijou, Takashi Sugino, Atsushi Tsuji, Tsuneo Saga, Kouhei Tsumoto, Shino Manabe, Jun-ichiro Kuroda, Jun-ichi Kuratsu, Yasuhiro Matsumura
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract A large body of clinical evidence indicates that abnormal coagulation occurs in a variety of cancers, especially invasive cancers. If cancer clusters erode adjacent normal or tumor vessels, hemorrhage may occur, and fibrin clots immediately form in situ to stop the bleeding. The fibrin clots are subsequently replaced by collagen, similar to the case in the normal wound healing process. Although there are many points in common between cancer-induced stroma and normal wound healing, the critical difference between the two is that the pathophysiological condition in cancer lasts for as long as cancer cells survive in the body (Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012). First, we successfully developed a mAb that reacts only with human insoluble fibrin, not human fibrinogen (Cancer Sci 2011). In contrast to previously reported anti-fibrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), our anti-fibrin clot mAb (clone 102-10) recognizes an unexplored hole that is uncovered only when a fibrin clot forms. The epitope of the 102-10 mAb was mapped to a hydrophobic region on the Bβ-chain that interacted closely with a counterpart region on the γ-chain in the soluble state. New anti-Bβ and anti-γ mAbs specific for peptides lining the discovered hole appeared to bind exclusively to fibrin clots. Analysis of the kinetics of fibrin clot deposition using 102-10 in several disease models indicated that fibrin clot formation occurs only in the acute phase of the disease process, thrombosis, inflammation or trauma, and that these clots virtually disappear within a few weeks to be substituted by collagen. Then, we developed a new PET probe using 102-10. The radiolabelled mAb was injected into mice bearing chemically induced spontaneous tumors, and the probe showed clear and specific accumulation in the tumors. We named this detection strategy cancer stromal targeting (CAST) diagnois. Immunohistochemistry using this mAb revealed higher fibrin deposition in WHO grade 4 gliomas than in lower-grade gliomas. Because erosive tumors are highly likely to show micro-hemorrhages, even early asymptomatic tumors detected with radiolabeled 102-10 mAb may be aggressively malignant (Sci. Rep. 2013). In conclusion, CAST diagnosis and therapy based on anti-insoluble fibrin mAb may be a useful new strategy in the field of oncology. Citation Format: Yohei Hisada, Masahiro Yasunaga, Shingo Hanaoka, Shinji Saijou, Takashi Sugino, Atsushi Tsuji, Tsuneo Saga, Kouhei Tsumoto, Shino Manabe, Jun-ichiro Kuroda, Jun-ichi Kuratsu, Yasuhiro Matsumura. Implications of cancer induced blood coagulation in cancer diagnosis and therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4849. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4849
Social factors and increase in mortality in Russia in the 1990s: prospective cohort study
Authors: S L Plavinski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine the association between social factors and the increase in mortality in Russia in the 1990s. <b>Design</b> Prospective population cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Saint Petersburg, Russia. <b>Participants</b> Two cohorts of men aged 40–59 years randomly selected from district voting list: 3907 screened in 1975–7 and 1467 in 1986-8. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Education, various health related measures, alcohol intake. Mortality in subsequent 10 years. <b>Results</b> There was no recorded increase in mortality in men with university degrees. The relative risk in the second cohort compared with the first was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.24). For participants with only high school education it was significantly higher in the second cohort (1.32, 1.02 to 1.71). The most pronounced differences were found among participants with the lowest level of education, in which the relative risk was 1.75 (1.44 to 2.12). The same pattern held for coronary vascular disease and cancer mortality. <b>Conclusion</b> In Russia men in the lower socioeconomic groups were most affected by the sharp increases in mortality in the 1990s.
Effects of Three Commonly-used Diuretics on the Urinary Proteome
Authors: Xundou Li, Mindi Zhao, Menglin Li, Lulu Jia, Youhe Gao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Biomarker is the measurable change associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. Unlike blood which has mechanisms to keep the internal environment homeostatic, urine is more likely to reflect changes of the body. As a result, urine is likely to be a better biomarker source than blood. However, since the urinary proteome is affected by many factors, including diuretics, careful evaluation of those effects is necessary if urinary proteomics is used for biomarker discovery. Here, we evaluated the effects of three commonly-used diuretics (furosemide, F; hydrochlorothiazide, H; and spirolactone, S) on the urinary proteome in rats. Urine samples were collected before and after intragastric administration of diuretics at therapeutic doses and the proteomes were analyzed using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Based on the criteria of P≤0.05, a fold change ≥2, a spectral count ≥5, and false positive rate (FDR) ≤1%, 14 proteins (seven for F, five for H, and two for S) were identified by Progenesis LC-MS. The human orthologs of most of these 14 proteins are stable in the healthy human urinary proteome, and ten of them are reported as disease biomarkers. Thus, our results suggest that the effects of diuretics deserve more attention in future urinary protein biomarker studies. Moreover, the distinct effects of diuretics on the urinary proteome may provide clues to the mechanisms of diuretics.
Randomised community-based trial of annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine with or without ivermectin against Wuchereria bancrofti infection in human beings and mosquitoes
Authors: Moses J Bockarie, Neal DE Alexander, Philip Hyun, Zachary Dimber, Florence Bockarie, Ervin Ibam, Michael P Alpers, James W Kazura
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Regional Lymph Nodes in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer - Results of Studies in Vitro
Authors: A. Heintz, P. Mildenberger, M. Georg, S. Braunstein, Th. Junginger
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

A total of 90 regional lymph nodes (43 benign/47 metastatic) from 16 surgical resection specimens of patients with esophageal and gastric carcinoma were examined in vitro by endosonography. The validity of endosonographic criteria of lymph node dignity (size, echogenicity, internal echo pattern and margin structure) was assessed using computer-supported B-mode analysis and compared to histopathological results. Of 26 lymph nodes with a diameter of more than 10 mm, 19 were metastatic (72%). The subjective assessment of the internal echo pattern (homogeneity) and the node margins by an experienced observer allowed the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes, but there was a high proportion of false positives (52%). Lymph node echogenicity, assessed either subjectively or by computer analysis, did not permit the differentiation between benign and metastatic lymph nodes.
Screening for cancer with computed tomography: Screening in private sector has knock on effects in public sector in two tier health systems
Authors: A. C Mason
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Swensen in his editorial discusses the effect of false positive diagnoses and excessive costs of screening.1 He describes 700 ancillary findings in a screening study of computed tomography of the body, in which most of these ancillary findings were falsely positive and whose investigation adversely affected quality of life and resulted …
Circulating adhesion molecules in asthma.
Authors: S Montefort, C K Lai, P Kapahi, J Leung, K N Lai, H S Chan, D O Haskard, P H Howarth, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

There is increasing evidence that leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules are important in inflammatory airway disease because of their involvement in the primary steps of entrapment and migration of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Recently, circulating forms of these adhesion molecules have been described, although their origin, fate, and function are still unknown. We have used an antigen capture ELISA to measure the concentrations of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1), E-selectin (cE-selectin), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (cVCAM-1) in the peripheral blood of 13 atopic and 16 non-atopic normal subjects, 29 patients with stable asthma, and inpatients with acute asthma on Day 1 (n = 38), Day 3 (n = 29), and Day 28 (n = 13) of an asthmatic episode. Circulating ICAM-1 and E-selectin levels were significantly raised in acute asthma on all three study days when compared with those observed in stable asthma, atopic normal, or nonatopic normal volunteers with no significant differences among the latter three groups. Circulating VCAM-1 was not significantly increased in any of the groups studied. There were no correlations among the concentrations of these three circulating adhesion molecules. The elevated concentrations of cICAM-1 and cE-selectin in acute asthma may reflect the extensive inflammatory response occurring in the airways during acute exacerbations of the disease with airway obstruction. It is possible that the cytokine and mediator profiles in acute asthma lead to the preferential synthesis and expression of these two circulating adhesion molecules in comparison with cVCAM-1.
Catherine Maureen Milton
Authors: G. Venn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countriesBalbir Nehaul rose from humble beginnings to become Guyana's government pathologist and microbiologist, the first Guyanese person to be appointed to the post.His work included research into rabies transmitted by bats, trials of the new polio vaccines with American colleagues, and the introduction of childhood immunisation programmes in Guyana in the 1940s and 1950s.He travelled widely throughout the West Indies and the Americas and became recognised as an expert at setting up pathology laboratories in developing countries and training their staff.Colleagues visited Guyana and he visited their laboratories abroad.He and these colleagues shared ideas enthusiastically, enriching each other's practice and research.From 1960 to 1964 Dr Nehaul was deputy director of medical services in Guyana.From 1964 to 1970 he worked for the World Health Organization as a consultant, developing microbiology services and training staff in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Nepal.Balbir Nehaul (known to his friends as "BG") was educated in Guyana and returned there after qualifying as a doctor in London.
PHARMACY FOR MEDICAL MEN.Read in the Section on Materia Medica and Pharmacy at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: P. W. BEDFORD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The education of the medical student of the past as well as of to-day is neglected in one of its most interesting and necessar departments, that of pharmacy. It is not necessary to ask any one of this assemblage as to the amount of actual experience he has had in the handling or manipulation of the drugs he prescribes, or whether he has ever prepared the prescriptions he directs for his patients. There are doubtless some who have had such education or experience, but they are the exceptional cases. Those that have had the previous training of the pharmacist or who may, during their student life or at some subsequent opportunity, have given attention to the subject of pharmaceutical manipulation, invariably attest its great advantage to them in their future professional success, both in the curative as well as the educational experience. It has come under my own observation in
Abstract LB-139: A novel mechanism of tumor suppression by Piasy through NF-kappaB/RelA DNA binding repression and cytoplasmic translocation
Authors: Rebecca Bridges, Yun Wang, Aaron Wortham, Emily Swanzey, Zach Stupor, James Lagowski, Molly Kulesz-Martin, Yuangang Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract NF-kappaB activation is commonly associated with malignancy. Constitutive NF-kappaB activation contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Activators of NF-kappaB in human cancer include viral oncogenes, inflammatory cytokines, and the loss of tumor suppressors like CYLD. Loss of the protein inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription family member Piasy is associated with malignant progression in chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, suggesting its role as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in human cancer through deficiency of Piasy. Piasy repressed NF-kappaB luciferase activity in response to TNFalpha, constitutively active IKK2, or overexpressed RelA. Piasy protein directly bound to RelA, through the C terminus of Piasy and the DNA binding domain of RelA, distinguishing it from other Pias family proteins that bind to RelA. Piasy inhibited DNA binding of RelA in cells, as detected by DNA affinity immunoblotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. However, the DNA binding activity of purified RelA protein was not affected by purified Piasy protein, suggesting that Piasy indirectly represses RelA DNA binding in vivo. Analysis of cellular localization of Piasy and RelA proteins revealed that Piasy colocalized with RelA in the cytoplasm, correlated with enhanced RelA cytoplasmic translocation. In vivo consequences of Piasy depletion were shown in a mouse model of psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasia in mice, and in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin. Piasy null mice topically treated with NF-kappaB activator imiquimod exhibited increased nuclear RelA in epidermis compared to wild type controls. Piasy levels in human skin SCC were inversely associated with nuclear RelA. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for Piasy as a tumor suppressor by the inhibition of NF-kappaB oncogenic pathways in human cancers. (This work was supported by NIH 5R01CA098577, and 5R01AR55651) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-139. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-139
Health USA-Reply
Authors: E. Richard Brown
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Dr Jacobs raises widely shared concerns about potential problems with government health care programs. Physicians, hospitals, and patients have experienced numerous problems with Medicaid, including underpayment and excessive delay. Senator Kerrey's bill, however, offers many protections that break with this past.  Health USA is a universal program that will finance care for the entire population. Health programs that serve all