tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of calcium-entry blockade on vasoconstrictor responses in feline mesenteric vascular bed.
Authors: H L Lippton, W M Armstead, A L Hyman, P J Kadowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The subtypes of postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors activated by neuronally released and exogenous norepinephrine and the source of calcium used for vasoconstrictor responses were investigated in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. Under constant flow conditions, intra-arterial injections of phenylephrine and UK14304, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, increased mesenteric arterial perfusion pressure in a dose-related manner. Prazosin, an alpha 1-antagonist, reduced vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine without altering responses to UK14304. Yohimbine, an alpha 2-antagonist, reduced responses to UK14304 without altering responses to phenylephrine. The same pattern of blockade was observed in animals pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine to destroy the integrity of adrenergic terminals. Responses to phenylephrine and UK14304 were reduced by nitrendipine, a calcium-entry blocking agent, and this agent decreased vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, tyramine, and norepinephrine. Responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were selectively blocked by prazosin, but responses to norepinephrine were selectively blocked by yohimbine. Vasoconstrictor responses to tyramine were reduced by both prazosin and yohimbine. Nitrendipine also reduced responses to angiotensin II, U46619, a prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue, Bay K 8644, and potassium chloride. These data suggest the presence of alpha 1- and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors and support the hypothesis that norepinephrine released by nerve excitation acts mainly on alpha 1-receptors but that exogenous norepinephrine acts primarily on alpha 2-receptors. However, norepinephrine released by tyramine acts on both receptor subtypes. Nitrendipine inhibited responses to the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists as well as those to nerve released and exogenous norepinephrine, the calcium agonist, Bay K 8644, and to other vasoconstrictor agents. These data suggest that in the feline mesenteric vascular bed, an extracellular source of calcium ions is required for vasoconstriction induced by a variety of mechanisms including activation of alpha 1- and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Prospective Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Events during Minilaparoscopy and Colonoscopy under Conscious Sedation
Authors: U. Denzer, M. Mollenhauer, S. Kanzler, P. Galle, A. Lohse
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Cardiorespiratory parameters were examined throughout diagnostic minilaparoscopy procedures. The same parameters were analyzed during colonoscopy, and the data were compared. Patients and Methods: Sixty-five consecutive unselected patients undergoing minilaparoscopy (group 1: ASA I, n = 34; group 2: ASA II/III, n = 31) and 61 consecutive unselected patients undergoing colonoscopy (group 3: ASA I, n = 31; group 4: ASA II/III, n = 30) were included. Oxygen saturation (Sao2), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (RRm) were measured continuously, and 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were made at specific times during each procedure. Results: Minor differences were observed, particularly after premedication, probably due to different dosage regimens and timing in the two examination techniques. After premedication, testing for differences from baseline values showed a minor decrease in Sao2 and RRm in the minilaparoscopy groups in comparison with the colonoscopy groups (median Sao2, group 1: 99.9 % ± 0 vs. group 3 : 100 % -1, P = 0.0078; median RRm, group 1: 99.5 - 4 mm Hg vs. group 3 : 96 -16 mm Hg, P = 0.046, and median RRm, group 2 : 110 + 1 mm Hg vs. group 4 : 101 -13.5 mm Hg, P = 0.0007). HR increased in minilaparoscopy in comparison with colonoscopy (median HR: group 2 : 77 + 4 beats/min vs. group 4 : 75.5 ± 0 beats/min; P = 0.01). Comparison of defined relevant pathological changes in Sao2, RRm, HR, and ECG showed no significant differences. Discussion: These data indicate that diagnostic minilaparoscopy under conscious sedation is only associated with limited risk in patients with compensated cardiopulmonary diseases. This is probably due to the low insufflation pressure used.
INVASIVE VERSUS CONSERVATIVE THERAPY IN OCTOGENARIANS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Roberta Montisci, Massimo Ruscazio, Laura Leoni, Cristina Cacace, Michela Congia, Antonio Bracco, Enrico Onnis, Piero Caddeo, Federica Scano, Luigi Meloni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: J. Lorber
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The incidence of tuberculous meningitis is at last rapidly diminishing in this country, yet in 1958 there were still 369 newly notified cases in England and Wales (Ministry of Health, 1959).As the untreated disease is inevitably fatal, this incidence is still an important therapeutic challenge.We can now look back on 12 years' experience in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.In this time three main phases occurred as new specific antituberculous drugs became available.Furthermore, various adjuvants and neurosurgical tech- niques have been used with varying degrees of success. Earlier ResultsTo place the current methods of treatment in perspec- tive I shall briefly summarize the three main phases, on the basis of the personal experience of 210 children admitted to the Children's Hospital, Sheffield, between 1947 and 1958 (Table I).Most of these children were TABLE I.-Results of Treatment In 210 Children Admitted with Tuberculous Meningitis (1947-58) Alive Antibiotic TotalNoeulgia Treatment No. of Total No Neurological No. % No. % Streptomycin ..
IL-12 receptor β1 deficiency alters in vivo T follicular helper cell response in humans
Authors: Nathalie Schmitt, Jacinta Bustamante, Laure Bourdery, Salah Eddine Bentebibel, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Fran Hamlin, Mau V. Tran, Derek Blankenship, Virginia Pascual, Daniel A. Savino, Jacques Banchereau, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Hideki Ueno
Journal: Blood (2013)

Key Points IL-12Rβ1–deficient subjects displayed substantially less circulating memory Tfh and memory B cells than control subjects. The IL-12–STAT4 axis is associated with the development and functions of Tfh cells in vivo in humans.
Commentary: Sweet policies
Authors: P. Anderson, D. Miller
Journal: BMJ (2015)

If we consider harms from addictions and lifestyles in contemporary societies,1 sugar is high on the list of offenders.2 Ecological analyses show that humans have evolved to be active and functional in seeking out sugar from food sources, primarily fruits and honey.3 Indeed, there is an overlap with alcohol, with airborne alcohols from fruit potentially serving in smell driven localisation of sugar-containing food resources.4 5 No wonder then that when sugar is so easily available in such refined and potent form2 we take so much of it—a global average of 50 g per person a day; no wonder that the heavy sustained use of sugar is similar in some respects to that of alcohol and other drugs.2 6 7 And, no wonder because our bodies are not used to taking so much of it,3 sugar causes so many health problems— increasing dental caries,8 cardiometabolic risk,9 overweight and obesity10 (and subsequent effects on cancers), diabetes,6 and liver dysfunction.6

To reduce the harm done by sugar, last year the World Health Organization launched a consultation on revised sugar guidelines, noting that …
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Gale W. Rafter, S. Fai Cheuk, Donald W. Krause, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Leukocytic pyrogen previously reported to contain an essential protein moiety, appears to be a lipid-protein complex having a molecular weight in the range of 10,000 to 20,000. Evidence that it contains essential lipid includes its inactivation by Cu(++), its lability in alkaline solutions (pH 8.5 and above), and its loss of pyrogenicity when extracted with acid-isooctane. Its solubility in 66% methanol, and the enhancing action of ethanol in freeing it from sonicated cells, suggest the presence of exposed lipid groups at its surface. Once the complex is separated from other proteins, its biological activity is readily destroyed. Although the lipid component is presumed to contain unesterified fatty acid(s), its precise composition is unknown. The finding of lipid in the active complex is in keeping with the hypothesis that the pyrogen is derived from leukocytic membranes.
Comparative radiological and morphological study of human pancreas. Pancreatitis like changes in postmortem ductograms and their morphological pattern. Possible implication for ERCP.
Authors: P Schmitz-Moormann, G W Himmelmann, J W Brandes, U R Folsch, H Lorenz-Meyer, H Malchow, L N Soehendra, M Wienbeck
Journal: Gut (1985)

A postmortem study by ductography and histology was performed on 69 human pancreata with no clinical or histological signs of chronic pancreatitis. The ductograms, supplemented by five postmortem ductograms of chronic pancreatitis, were independently evaluated by six clinicians, skilled in ERCP; the degree of alteration was estimated by simple rating, forced choice rating, and by determination of the grade of chronic pancreatitis, Histologically, the amount of intraductal epithelial proliferation, periductal, intralobular and perilobular fibrosis, intraductal protein plugs, and fat necrosis was determined by semiquantitative methods. The six ductographical evaluations significantly differed in the level of their data, but corresponded in the range of distribution. All evaluations were correct regarding judgement of ductograms from patients with chronic pancreatitis. Ductograms of patients without chronic pancreatitis, however, were also frequently classified as chronic pancreatitis; overall 81% (minimal 37%, moderate 33%, severe 11%). This high level of false positive diagnosis indicates the frequency of pancreatitis like lesions in the main duct and its side branches in patients without chronic pancreatitis. Ductal lesions were significantly correlated with perilobular fibrosis. This finding favours the assumption, that in the non-inflamed pancreas, perilobular fibrosis plays a key-role in the development of ductal alterations, as in chronic pancreatitis. Perilobular fibrosis may result from intralobular inflammation caused by age-dependent intraductal epithelial hyperplasia.
Whistle mouth pressure as test of expiratory muscle strength
Authors: A. Chetta, M.L. Harris, R.A. Lyall, G.F. Rafferty, M.I. Polkey, D. Olivieri, J. Moxham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Expiratory muscle strength is a determinant of cough function. Mouth pressures during a maximal static expiratory effort (PE,max) are dependent on patient motivation and technique and low values are therefore difficult to interpret. This study hypothesized that a short, sharp and maximal expiration through a narrow aperture, a "whistle", might provide a complementary test of expiratory muscle strength. To obtain a maximal whistle, subjects (27 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) were asked to perform a short, sharp blow as hard as possible, from total lung capacity, through a reversed paediatric inhaler whistle, connected to a flange-type mouthpiece. In both healthy subjects and patients, whistle mouth pressure (Pmo,W) was closely related to the pressure measured in the oesophagus and stomach during the same manoeuvre. In healthy subjects, Pmo,W and PE,max correlated with wide limits of agreement, although Pmo,W values were significantly higher than PE,max (131+/-31 cmH2O versus 101+/-27 cmH2O, p<0.0001). In patients, it was also found that Pmo,w and PE,max values were strongly related (r=0.937, p<0.0001). In healthy subjects, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the variation coefficient for Pmo,W repeated measurements were respectively 0.88 and 7.0%. However Pmo,W and PE,max were always smaller than the gastric pressure generated by a maximal cough. It is concluded that mouth whistle pressure, a noninvasive, reproducible and simple test, provides a reliable measure of expiratory muscle strength in healthy subjects that is acceptable to patients and can be used in a complementary fashion to maximal static expiratory effort.
822 PLATELET COUNT PREDICTS SUSTAINED VIRAL RESPONSE (SVR) IN THE RE-TREATMENT OF PREVIOUS INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN NON-RESPONDERS (NR): RESULTS FROM THE EPIC3 PROGRAM
Authors: T. Poynard, E. Schiff, R. Terg, R. Moreno-Otero, S. Flamm, W. Schmidt, T. Berg, F. Goncales Jr, J. Heathcote, M. Diego, T. McGarrity, P. Bedossa, W. Deng, P. Mukhopadhyay, L. Griffel, M. Burroughs, C. Brass, J.K. Albrecht
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Muscle Localization of Tc-99m MDP After Exertion
Authors: PETER VALK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

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Early signs show that 2014-15 flu season may be severe, CDC warns
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The most common influenza viruses causing illnesses so far this year are seasonal H3N2 influenza A viruses, which in the past have been associated with severe flu illnesses and high mortality rates, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on 4 December. And about half of the H3N2 viruses that have been analyzed show genetic changes that may make this year’s vaccine less effective, it said.

“We know that in seasons when H3 viruses predominate, we …
Abstract 580: Bone marrow cells trafficking after <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> A1-R tumor targeting
Authors: Ming Zhao, Fang Liu, Lei Zhang, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Our laboratory has developed the tumor-targeting S. typhimurium double auxotrophic mutant termed A1-R. The A1-R mutant requires leucine and arginine, which disable it from growing in tumor tissue but the bacteria maintain high tumor virulence. In the present study, we used fluorescent imaging to observe bone marrow cells (BMC) trafficking in Lewis lung cancer-bearing nude mice after A1-R treatment. BMC were obtained from transgenic nude mice ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The GFP bone marrow cells were injected into the tail vein of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing nude mice. GFP-BMC trafficking to the tumor, lung, liver, and spleen were imaged at various time points after treatment with S. typhimurium A1-R. Untreated tumor-bearing mice injected with GFP-BMC were imaged as controls. Fluorescence imaging showed that there were more GFP-BMCs trafficking to tumor, lung, liver, and spleen in A1-R treated mice compared to untreated mice at 5 hours after A1-R infection. At day-2 after infection, there were significantly more GFP-BMCs in the tumor, and at day 4 after A1-R infection, BMCs appeared to die within the A1-R-treated tumors. GFP dendritic cells were observed in the liver of A1-R infected mouse at day 2 and day 4 after A1-R infection. These results suggest that immune cells in nude mice may be involved in the bacteria-induced antitumor response. The immune cells may also play a role in clearing the bacteria from normal organs in the host. In future experiments, we will identify the types of immune cells which play various roles in A1-R tumor targeting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 580.
Recent advances in the anti-HCV mechanisms of interferon
Authors: Menghao Huang, Jian-Dong Jiang, Zonggen Peng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

Interferon (IFN) in combination with ribavirin has been the standard of care (SOC) for chronic hepatitis C for the past few decades. Although the current SOC lacks the desired efficacy, and 4 new direct-acting antiviral agents have been recently approved, interferons are still likely to remain the cornerstone of therapy for some time. Moreover, as an important cytokine system of innate immunity, host interferon signaling provides a powerful antiviral response. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which HCV infection controls interferon production, and how interferons, in turn, trigger anti-HCV activities as well as control the outcome of HCV infection remain to be clarified. In this report, we review current progress in understanding the mechanisms of IFN against HCV, and also summarize the knowledge of induction of interferon signaling by HCV infection.
PD06-10: Breast Cancer Patient Distress Associated with Difficulties Navigating the Costs Associated with Care: Results from a National Education Program.
Authors: I Ahmed, A Gubin, L Champion, A Harvey, M Amsellem
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Compounding the stressors related with a diagnosis of breast cancer can be the associated direct and indirect costs of cancer care. To address this need, the Cancer Support Community (CSC) in 2009 developed an evidence-based, professionally-led national education workshop for cancer patients and caregivers entitled Frankly Speaking About Cancer: Coping with the Cost of Care. As part of this workshop, participants completed a survey describing their experiences coping with the cost of cancer care. To date, responses from 465 participants (representing 46 workshops) have been analyzed. Of those participants, 105 are women diagnosed with breast cancer. Though workshop participants were affected by a wide variety of cancer diagnoses, half of those with cancer attending the workshop (50%) were affected by breast cancer. No significant differences between breast cancer patients and individuals with other cancers were found. Analyses are based on responses from breast cancer patients only. Participants’ pre-workshop rating of their understanding about the financial aspects of their breast cancer care was low (m =2.8, s.d.=1.0) and was significantly less than their level of knowledge post-workshop (m =4.1, s.d.=0.7, p &amp;lt;.05). Most attendees (72.8%) reported experiencing some degree of emotional distress from trying to manage cancer care costs, and nearly one-third of attendees (30.1%) reported significant distress. Most (64.8%) reported that their healthcare team did not discuss financial aspects of care with them. Of attendees whose team did discuss it with them, typically it was a social worker, physician, or nurse. Of those who had this discussion, only 34% reported that this information was actually useful to them. Not surprisingly then, attendees reported they have looked elsewhere for information about managing the costs of care, such as patient support organizations (40.2%), the Internet (43.5%), and other patients (41.3%). A positive to arise from the workshop is that most participants (69.9%) reported the intention to discuss financial aspects of their care with their healthcare team based on what they had learned from the workshop. Intention to have this discussion with their healthcare team was both positively correlated with having experienced emotional distress about the cost of their care (r=.29, p &amp;lt;.05) as well as negatively correlated with their level of pre-workshop knowledge about financial issues in breast cancer care (r=-.28, p &amp;lt;.05).Taken together, these data highlight significant obstacles that individuals face in receiving meaningful information relevant to managing the costs associated with cancer care. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD06-10.
Cell-Membrane Ultrastructure
Authors: H. FERNÁNDEZ-MORÁN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The combined electron-microscope and biochemical evidence regarding mitochondria and mitochondrial fractions, although still preliminary in character, indicates that all the functional enzymatic components of the electron-transport chain are compactly arranged in the "elementary particle," which may therefore be regarded as the ultimate unit of mitochondrial function. New data have also been obtained on the hydrated lipoprotein matrix, the recently isolated structural protein, solubilized pure lipid fractions, cytochromes, and other constituent elements of the respiratory-enzyme assemblies.
Clinical States With Decreased Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Samuel B. Beaser
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The incidence of impaired carbohydrate tolerance is greater with increasing age, in pregnancy, obesity, acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis, uremia, myocardial infarction, and hepatic disease. The differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus presents special problems in the presence of these disorders. The determination of plasma insulin or serum insulin-like activity (ILA) in the fasting state or during a glucose tolerance test has been done in patients with the above conditions and has shed some new light on the mechanisms of the associated abnormalities noted in glucose tolerance. Plasma insulin may be determined by a radio-immunological method (which gives the lowest, but most specific estimate) or by a method which measures total serum ILA in the rat diaphragm or fat pad. In general, the rise of blood insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is greater but the peak value is later than that seen during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. On average, in
Starting Points: Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest Children
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

As a general pediatrician in the Bronx, I see the dire health and social problems facing young children and families living in poverty. A dearth of decent-paying jobs, lack of affordable and adequate housing, limited availability of quality child care, and deficient educational opportunities have contributed to increased social disparities in our community. Widespread addiction has exacerbated family and community violence and child neglect. Health care is fragmented and inaccessible to many. In the United States, rates of low birth weight, immunizations, and teen pregnancy compare unfavorably with other industrialized nations. Young urban children of color have been notable victims of these circumstances. In 1991, the Carnegie Corporation of New York established a Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children with the assignment of providing scientific knowledge and offering an "action agenda to ensure the healthy development of children before birth to age three," with a particular emphasis
Comparison of two occlusive bandages in the treatment of venous leg ulcers
Authors: G. ERIKSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

A randomized controlled study was performed in 34 patients with venous leg ulcers. No difference was found in the healing rate between a new hydrocolloid dressing plus compression, and a double layer bandage, consisting of an inner paste bandage (i.e. a stocking impregnated with zinc oxide paste) and an outer elastic bandage. The parameters chosen for objective evaluation were stereophotogrammetric measurement of ulcer area and volume, and bacterial counts.