tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Academic Health Center
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1699: The effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on transcriptional regulation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Amira Richardson, Shardae Williams, Stephen Kioko, Ward Kirlin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Enzymes are essential to every biochemical process; it is through the action of enzymes that the many metabolic pathways of the body can synchronize with one another to coordinate the processes needed to maintain life. Enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics including dietary chemicals, drugs and environmental chemicals. In this capacity they are very involved in chemical carcinogenesis. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) are two enzymes that play a vital role in the process of chemical carcinogenesis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), located in the cytoplasm, mediates various biological responses to environmental pollutants via the adaptive pathway. The binding of a xenobiotic to the AhR triggers transcriptional activation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes such as CYP1A1 and NQO1. Our current research investigates the contrast between oxidative stress and hypoxia on the transcriptional activation of CYP1A1 and NQO1 enzyme expression. Hypoxia is a frequent characteristic of tumors as a result of low vascualrization. The transcription factor HIF1alpha can serve as a marker of hypoxia, and aids as a key regulator of the hypoxic response. Previous research in our lab has shown that oxidative stress results in an increase in CYP1A1 and NQO1. We hypothesize that under hypoxic conditions the expression of NQO1 and CYP1A1 are altered which could indicate that hypoxia may possibly play a role in carcinogen metabolism. Two human cancerous cell lines, HEPG2 and HT29, were used to test this hypothesis. Both cells lines were treated with 500 µM of the hypoxic mimetic agent cobalt chloride and harvested at one, two and four hour increments. Hypoxic conditions were then confirmed via HIF1 alpha staining in immunocytochemistry. We then observed mRNA, protein and enzyme expression via RTPCR, Western Blots and enzyme assays, respectively. Altered levels of NQO1 and CYP1A1 suggest that these enzymes respond to hypoxia in a similar manner as they do to oxidative stress. This may provide preliminary evidence into one of the potential mechanisms by which hypoxia is chemopreventive. (Support: NIH MBRS/GM028248; RCMI RR033032). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1699.
Educational attainment in survivors of ALL
Authors: J. Challinor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The skewed age distribution is not due to an atypical sample or to poorer survival of younger children, but is due simply to the fact that ALL survival started to improve only during the 1970s. Thus, by 1989, when the interview was conducted, subjects treated at a young age were still not old enough to be eligible. Since we were interested in events of adulthood, we would have to wait another 10 years, until 1999, for the survival cohort to resemble an incidence cohort. With regard to the concern about the measures of scholastic achievement, we expect that the "rigor of academic programs" would be equally distributed across survivors and controls, especially because so many different schools are represented across many states in this study. We did not attempt to obtain verification of subjects' reported grades in school; in fact, the reliability of self-report data should be equally
“HRG drift” and payment by results
Authors: Raquel Rogers, Susan Williams, Brian Jarman, Paul Aylin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In April 2004 the NHS introduced its new “payment by results” system, starting with foundation hospitals. Under this system, providers will no longer be paid by block contracts, but by case mix adjusted activity.w1> This new system uses healthcare resource groups (HRGs) as a measure of care based on diagnosis and complexity of treatment. HRGs are analogous to diagnosis related groups (DRGs) used in other countries. This new system has already run into problems: evidence shows disproportionate rises in the numbers of short stay inpatients admitted through accident and emergency departments. As a consequence, the planned implementation of payment by results across all NHS trusts for April 2005 has been restricted to elective admissions only.w2> In addition, there is concern that “gaming” may result, whereby providers reclassify patients into more complex and therefore more …
Drug company sues Spanish bulletin over fraud claim
Authors: L. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One of Spain's independent drug bulletins, Butlleti Groc , is being sued by Merck Sharp & Dohme for an article that claimed that the company committed scientific fraud in a trial of its cyclo-oxegenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx). The case opened in Madrid last week.

The company wants the bulletin to retract its article on the Vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research (VIGOR) trial and publish a new one reproducing text prepared by the company. However, Professor Joan-Ramon Laporte, the bulletin's editor, refuses to do so.

He said: “I feel this is an attack on independent information on drugs. The pharmaceutical industry has almost a monopoly on information on drugs and therapeutics.” Professor Laporte claimed that the company's text was “mainly propaganda” for rofecoxib.

The article, entitled “The so called advantages of celecoxib and rofecoxib: scientific fraud,” was published in the July-September 2002 issue of the bulletin (2002;15: 13-5) but was not based on new material. It summarised earlier commentaries in the Lancet ( 2002;360: 100-1)and the BMJ ( 2002;324: 1287-8) on irregularities in the conduct and analysis of the VIGOR trial and the celecoxib long term arthritis safety study (CLASS). These large trials compared the gastrointestinal safety of …
Research ethics committees
Authors: M. Baum
Journal: BMJ (1990)

was ac- cused in the High Court last week of"jumping the gun" on NHS reforms and showing "a disregard for constitutional restraint reminiscent of the Stuart monarchs."Six hospital consultants are seeking a declaration that Mr Clarke acted unlawfully in allocating money to health authorities to investigate self governing status for some hospitals before the plans were approved by parliament.The doctors, led by Professor Harry Keen of Guy's Hospital, are also challenging decisions by South East Thames Regional Health Authority and Lewisham and North Southwark District Health Authority to spend government funds on preparing to turn Guy's into a self governing hospital.Lord Justice Woolf and Mr Justice Pill reserved judgment after a two day hearing, which finished last Friday.A ruling is expected soon.The judicial review application is backed by more than 3000 consultants throughout Britain, who have pledged more than £250 000.If it succeeds it will only delay further work on the plans until the NHS bill receives the royal assent, expected in July.The health authority is understood to have all but completed the preliminary work necessary to turn Guy's into an NHS trust.Outside court before the hearing Professor Keen, an endocrinologist and director of clinical studies (medicine) at Guy's, said: "If we succeed it will be a very clear signal to a lot of Conservative MPs about the way their electorate is feeling."Opening the case for the consultants, Mr James Goudie QC told the judges that £40 million of public money had already been spent on the reforms, the most far reaching in the 40 year history of the NHS.Another £257 million was earmarked for 1990-1, of which one third would be spent before the bill was enacted.By the time it became law the first wave ofNHS trusts-selfgoverning hospitals -would have been virtually created, with only the finishing touches needing to be applied.Mr Goudie said that the conception and birth of this "wholly new legal creature currently unknown to the law" would be almost simultaneous."By ministerial alchemy the period of gestation will precede conception."The basic constitutional principle "legislation first, implementation later" would be turned on its head if Mr Clarke had his way.The allocation of funds could be lawful only if made under existing powers, Mr Goudie said.The health secretary's powers were governed by the 1977 NHS Act.But NHS trusts were a "radical departure" fromThe Royal Courts ofjustice: deciding whether the health secretary has exceeded his powers
Severe Hypoglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Nicholas J. White, David A. Warrell, Pornthep Chanthavanich, Sornchai Looareesuwan, M. J. Warrell, Sanjeev Krishna, Dermot H. Williamson, Robert C. Turner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We studied the occurrence, clinical manifestations, and mechanism of hypoglycemia in patients with falciparum malaria in eastern Thailand. Hypoglycemia, which was often severe and recurrent, occurred in 17 patients, including 12 in a series of 151 patients with cerebral malaria. Thirty episodes were investigated. Plasma concentrations of insulin and C peptide were inappropriately high, and lactate and alanine concentrations were significantly higher than in patients with falciparum malaria who were normoglycemic (P less than 0.05). Sixteen patients had received quinine; plasma quinine and insulin concentrations were correlated at the time of hypoglycemia (P = 0.007). In seven healthy fasting volunteers intravenous quinine increased the mean plasma insulin concentration (+/- S.D.) from 8.9 +/- 3.1 to 17.1 +/- 8.4 mU per liter (P = 0.02) and reduced the mean plasma glucose concentration from 88 +/- 20 to 68 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (P = 0.002). Our observations indicate that in falciparum malaria quinine-induced insulin secretion may precipitate hypoglycemia, but other factors, including the large glucose requirements of the malaria parasites may also contribute. This important complication, associated with pregnancy and severe disease, must be excluded in all patients with falciparum malaria who have impaired or deteriorating consciousness.
TREATMENT OF PUERPERAL FEVER.
Authors: C. S. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The mortality from puerperal fever can be reduced to almost nothing by the proper management of labor and childbed.This has been proven by the results obtained in the best maternity hospitals.Mild cases of infection can not be entirely prevented, but they cease to be a source of great anxiety to the physician and of danger to the mother.In private practice these encouraging results due to the aseptic management of labor are not obtained be- cause labor is not managed aseptically.In Chicago the mortality from puerperal infection has remained about stationary for the last ten or twelve years.From 5 to 7 per cent. of all deaths of women of child-bearing age are from puerperal infection.It is probable that the same
People over 65 should be screened for atrial fibrillation, say stroke specialists
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Stroke specialists from across the United Kingdom are calling for a national screening programme to be developed as a matter of urgency to improve detection of atrial fibrillation and prevent up to 2000 premature deaths a year.

This is the main recommendation from a two day consensus conference organised by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. It also said that aspirin should not be used to prevent stroke in people with atrial fibrillation and that underprescribing of anticoagulant drugs “should be addressed.”

Atrial fibrillation is easily treated with drugs such as warfarin, but evidence indicates that up to half of patients who could benefit from treatment …
Day-to-day variations in inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during the late postmyocardial infarction phase in conscious dogs.
Authors: S M Cobbe, E Hoffmann, A Ritzenhoff, J Brachmann, W Kübler, J Senges
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias was studied daily on days 3 through 8 after experimental myocardial infarction in 15 conscious dogs. Although a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia was produced on one or more occasions in 11 of 15 dogs (73%), there was marked daily variation in the results of programmed stimulation. Ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia was elicited in six dogs on day 3 after infarction. In two of these dogs, no sustained tachycardia could be induced by day 7. In nine dogs sustained ventricular arrhythmias were not inducible on day 3. By day 6 to 7, sustained ventricular tachycardia was inducible in five of these dogs. In clinical practice similar variation in the inducibility of sustained ventricular arrhythmias may conceivably complicate the use of results of programmed ventricular stimulation as determinants of risk of sudden death after myocardial infarction.
Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Juliane Friemel, Markus Rechsteiner, Lukas Frick, Friederike Böhm, Kirsten Struckmann, Michèle Egger, Holger Moch, Mathias Heikenwalder, Achim Weber
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Morphologic intratumor heterogeneity is well known to exist in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but very few systematic analyses of this phenomenon have been performed. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize morphologic intratumor heterogeneity in HCC. Also, taken into account were well-known immunohistochemical markers and molecular changes in liver cells that are considered in proposed classifications of liver cell neoplasms or discussed as molecular therapeutic targets.In HCC of 23 patients without medical pretreatment, a total of 120 tumor areas were defined. Analyzed were cell and tissue morphology, expression of the liver cell markers cytokeratin (CK)7, CD44, α-fetoprotein (AFP), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and glutamine synthetase (GS) along with mutations of TP53 and CTNNB1, assayed by both Sanger and next-generation sequencing.Overall, intratumor heterogeneity was detectable in the majority of HCC cases (20 of 23, 87%). Heterogeneity solely on the level of morphology was found in 6 of 23 cases (26%), morphologic heterogeneity combined with immunohistochemical heterogeneity in 9 of 23 cases (39%), and heterogeneity with respect to morphologic, immunohistochemical, and mutational status of TP53 and CTNNB1 in 5 of 23 cases (22%).Our findings demonstrate that intratumor heterogeneity represents a challenge for the establishment of a robust HCC classification and may contribute to treatment failure and drug resistance in many cases of HCC.
What a nerve
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Many plays have a doctor as a character, but few have five (of a total cast of 10). Jupiter Laughs is one such play, and, not surprisingly, perhaps, it is by a doctor: A J Cronin (1896-1981). Cronin, whom the Dictionary of National Biography describes as “a middlebrow writer par excellence ,”—and who, like Anthony Trollope, tried to write 5000 words a day, rain or shine—wrote it in 1941.

The action takes place in a private clinic for “nerves” called Hopewell Towers—the tradition of giving cheery names to places for desperate cases lives on). The clinic is owned and directed by Dr Bragg, an immaculately dressed, pompous careerist. Among his staff is an ambitious and non-conformist young …
Testing for recombinant erythropoietin
Authors: Joris R. Delanghe, Mathieu Bollen, Monique Beullens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone that promotes the production of red blood cells. Recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) is illicitly used to improve performance in endurance sports. Doping in sports is discouraged by the screening of athletes for rhEpo. Both direct tests (indicating the presence of exogeneous Epo isoforms) and indirect tests (indicating hematological changes induced by exogenous Epo administration) can be used for Epo detection. At present, the test adopted by the World Anti Doping Agency is based on a combination of isoelectric focusing and double immunoblotting, and distinguishes between endogenous and rhEpo. However, the adopted monoclonal anti‐Epo antibodies are not monospecific. Therefore, the test can occasionally lead to the false‐positive detection of rhEpo (epoetin‐β) in post‐exercise, protein‐rich urine, or in case of contamination of the sample with microorganisms. An improved preanalytical care may counteract a lot of these problems. Adaptation of the criteria may be helpful to further refine direct Epo testing. Indirect tests have the disadvantage that they require blood instead of urine samples, but they can be applied to detect a broader range of performance improving techniques which are illicitly used in sports. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrical Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in the Paced Dog Heart.
Authors: Edwin L. Rothfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Electrical Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in the Paced Dog Heart.Edwin L. Rothfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P., I. Richard Zucker, M.D.Edwin L. Rothfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, I. Richard Zucker, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-867_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere is considerable doubt as to the value of the ECG and vectorcardiogram (VCG) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the paced heart because pacemaker rhythm causes distortion of the normal wave forms. The ECG and VCG in patients with right ventricular pacemakers demonstrate QRS-T alterations resembling those of left bundle branch block (LBBB), an entity known to conceal the presence of infarction. This study compared the ECG and VCG before and after experimentally induced myocardial infarction in dogs with right ventricular pacemakers. Complete heart block was produced in 16 dogs by His-bundle ligation, and the right ventricle was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Newark, NJ. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPacemaker-Induced Electrocardiographic Changes Simulating Myocardial Infarction 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 867-867KeywordsHeartInfarctionLeft bundle branch blockLigation assayMyocardial infarctionPacemakersPatient advocacyRight ventricle Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recruitment of Compensatory Pathways to Sustain Oxidative Flux With Reduced Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Activity Characterizes Inefficiency in Energy Metabolism in Hypertrophied Hearts
Authors: Natalia Sorokina, J. Michael O’Donnell, Ronald D. McKinney, Kayla M. Pound, Gebre Woldegiorgis, Kathryn F. LaNoue, Kalpana Ballal, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Peter M. Buttrick, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Transport rates of long-chain free fatty acids into mitochondria via carnitine palmitoyltransferase I relative to overall oxidative rates in hypertrophied hearts remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the extent of glucose oxidation, despite increased glycolysis in hypertrophy, remains controversial. The present study explores potential compensatory mechanisms to sustain tricarboxylic acid cycle flux that resolve the apparent discrepancy of reduced fatty acid oxidation without increased glucose oxidation through pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the energy-poor, hypertrophied heart. Methods and Results— We studied flux through the oxidative metabolism of intact adult rat hearts subjected to 10 weeks of pressure overload (hypertrophied; n=9) or sham operation (sham; n=8) using dynamic 13 C–nuclear magnetic resonance. Isolated hearts were perfused with [2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16- 13 C 8 ] palmitate (0.4 mmol/L) plus glucose (5 mmol/L) in a 14.1-T nuclear magnetic resonance magnet. At similar tricarboxylic acid cycle rates, flux through carnitine palmitoyltransferase I was 23% lower in hypertrophied ( P &lt;0.04) compared with sham hearts and corresponded to a shift toward increased expression of the L–carnitine palmitoyltransferase I isoform. Glucose oxidation via pyruvate dehydrogenase complex did not compensate for reduced palmitate oxidation rates. However, hypertrophied rats displayed an 83% increase in anaplerotic flux into the tricarboxylic acid cycle ( P &lt;0.03) that was supported by glycolytic pyruvate, coincident with increased mRNA transcript levels for malic enzyme. Conclusions— In cardiac hypertrophy, fatty acid oxidation rates are reduced, whereas compensatory increases in anaplerosis maintain tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and account for a greater portion of glucose oxidation than previously recognized. The shift away from acetyl coenzyme A production toward carbon influx via anaplerosis bypasses energy, yielding reactions contributing to a less energy-efficient heart.
Diabetes Genetic Predisposition Score and Cardiovascular Complications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Qibin Qi, James B. Meigs, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Frank B. Hu, Lu Qi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The current study included 1,012 men and 1,310 women with T2D from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses’ Health Study, including 677 patients with CVD and 1,645 non-CVD control subjects. A genetic predisposition score (GPS) was calculated on the basis of 36 established independent diabetes-predisposing variants. RESULTS Each additional diabetes-risk allele in the GPS was associated with a 3% increased risk of CVD (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [95% CI 1.00–1.06]). The OR was 1.47 (1.11–1.95) for CVD risk by comparing extreme quartiles of the GPS (P for trend = 0.01). We also found that the GPS was positively associated with hemoglobin A1c levels (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to T2D is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with T2D.