tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of pneumothorax in England
Authors: Dheeraj Gupta, Anna Hansell, Tom Nichols, Trinh Duong, Jon G Ayres, David Strachan
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Little is known of the epidemiology of pneumothorax. Routinely available data on pneumothorax in England are described. <h3>METHODS</h3> Patients consulting in primary care with a diagnosis of pneumothorax in each year from 1991 to 1995 inclusive were identified from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Emergency hospital admissions for pneumothorax were identified for the years 1991–4 from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data. Mortality data for England &amp; Wales were obtained for 1950–97. Analyses of pneumothorax rates by age and sex were performed for all data sources. Seasonal and geographical analyses were carried out for the HES data. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The overall person consulting rate for pneumothorax (primary and secondary combined) in the GPRD was 24.0/100 000 each year for men and 9.8/100 000 each year for women. Hospital admissions for pneumothorax as a primary diagnosis occurred at an overall incidence of 16.7/100 000 per year and 5.8/100 000 per year for men and women, respectively. Mortality rates were 1.26/million per year for men and 0.62/million per year for women. The age distribution in both men and women showed a biphasic distribution for both GP consultations and hospital admissions. Deaths showed a single peak with highest rates in the elderly. There was an urban-rural trend observed for hospital admissions in the older age group (55+ years) with admission rates in the conurbations significantly higher than in the rural areas. Analysis for trends in mortality data for 1950–97 showed a striking increase in the death rate for pneumothorax in those aged 55+ years between 1960 and 1990, with a steep decline in the 1990s. Mortality in the younger age group (15–34 years) remained low and constant. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> There is evidence of two epidemiologically distinct forms of spontaneous pneumothorax in England. The explanation for the rise and fall in mortality for secondary pneumothorax is obscure.
Metastatic calcification and cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: C-E.H. GRATTAN, L. BUIST, S.G. HUBSCHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We report a patient who developed hypercalcaemic metastatic cutaneous calcification in association with a cytomegalovirus infection after a liver transplant. The skin nodules disappeared as the hypercalcaemia resolved and the cytomegalovirus infection subsided.
Lying on the Couch
Authors: Steven S. Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Psychiatry is a vital part of medicine. As healing professionals, psychiatrists face many challenges. Managed care has intruded on the privacy of the doctorpatient relationship and disrupted continuing care. Modern psychopharmacology has brought into question the need and efficacy of the talking treatment, that is, psychotherapy. The many therapeutic schools foster bitter competition among practitioners, both medical and nonmedical. Highly publicized cases of therapist-patient sex, recovered memory suits, and unethical behavior tarnish the literally thousands of hours of work of diligent, honest therapists and patients. Psychotherapy, 100 years after the invention of psychoanalysis, is as controversial today as it was in late 19th century Vienna. How much is science? How much is art? How much is invention? How much is chicanery and manipulation? All are issues in today's popular imagination. Perhaps the biggest challenge comes from our patients and how we provide therapy for their suffering. And what do we
NONINVASIVE EVALUATION OF AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX
Authors: R. C. Verma, L. R. Bennett, M. P. Can, G. Mathiesen, F. Kiouraehr, W. Riege, C. Wasterlain, F. D. Jones
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Verma, R. C.; Bennett, L. R.; Can, M. P.; Mathiesen, G.; Kiouraehr, F.; Riege, W.; Wasterlain, C.; Jones, F. D. Author Information
TEL2, an ETS Factor Expressed in Human Leukemia, Regulates Monocytic Differentiation of U937 Cells and Blocks the Inhibitory Effect of TEL1 on Ras-Induced Cellular Transformation
Authors: Hiroyuki Kawagoe, Mark Potter, John Ellis, Gerard C. Grosveld
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract TEL2 is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, which is highly similar to TEL1/ETV6. It binds to DNA via the ETS domain and interacts with itself or TEL1 via the pointed domain. The expression of TEL2 in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells suggests a role in hematopoietic development. In this article, we describe the role of TEL2 in hematopoietic differentiation and cellular transformation. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that the expression of TEL2 mRNA was down-regulated during monocytic differentiation of U937 and HL60 induced by 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, respectively. Overexpression of TEL2 in U937 cells inhibited differentiation induced by vitamin D3. In contrast, overexpression of a TEL2 mutant lacking either the pointed domain or a functional ETS domain induced both differentiation of U937 cells and inhibited their growth in vitro and in vivo. In addition, these mutants blocked TEL2-mediated transcriptional repression of a synthetic promoter containing TEL2 binding sites. These data suggest that dominant-negative inhibition of TEL2 might cause differentiation. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that TEL2 is expressed at higher level in some primary human leukemia samples than in normal bone marrow. Furthermore, overexpression of TEL2 in NIH3T3-UCLA cells blocked the inhibitory effect of TEL1 on Ras-induced cellular transformation. These results suggest that TEL2 may play an important role in hematopoiesis and oncogenesis.
Usefulness of the Posterior Cerebral Flow Study in Subdural Hematoma
Authors: KWANG G. JOO, GLENDA D. DONOGHUE, JEHUDA J. STEINBACH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Anterior and posterior radionuclide cerebral flow studies and brain images were performed on two patients with surgically proven subdural hematoma. In both patients, the posterior flow study showed perfusion defects corresponding in location to the static image abnormalities. The anterior radionuclide flow study was negative in both patients, even though the abnormality in one of the patients was more anterior than posterior in location. On the basis of these cases, it is suggested that the performance of a posterior radionuclide flow study in suspected subdural hematoma might provide useful information not obtained on the routine anterior study.
Freud and Hypnotherapy
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  I should like to comment on a point in the editorial on Sigmund Freud ( 213 :1892-1893, 1970), because of its practical significance today. It states that Freud considered knowledge of the unconscious gained by hypnosis to be incomplete. But he was clearly handicapped by the limitations of his own experience at the time. Today it is commonplace for patients in analysis, and for many of their analysts, to seek help from psychiatrists practicing hypnotherapy in order to explore beyond the levels of nonhypnotic analytic endeavors. The editorial says also that Freud felt all patients could not be hypnotized. This was true so far as his therapeutic purposes and understandings were concerned. Today about 95% of patients seeking treatment are hypnotizable to a degree suitable for reasonable efforts to attain desired therapeutic goals.  I need not go into the reasons for Freud's relinquishing the use of hypnosis because
Extrophy of the Bladder
Authors: J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1880)

discharge of some kind was to be provided for.But it is now long since I first brought this matter before the profession, and from the first I have stated that a serous oozing always occurs, profuse and tinged with blood in the first instance, and afterwards diminishing, but almost invariably continuing in small amount for a protracted period.Mr. Spence's charge would have had exactly the same basis as it has, if every case of psoas abscess were cured within a week under antiseptic treatment, pro- vided that during that week, or even during two hours, a serous dis- charge occurred.My statement had reference to the great new patho- logical truth of the cessation of suppuration from the pyogenic mem- brane and carious bone when a vertebral abscess is opened and treated antiseptically in combination with free drainage, while rest is given to the weak part of the spine by the recumbent posture.Under these circumstances, the chronically inflamed osseous tissue has opportunity afforded it to recruit.How long this process of repair may require for its completion varies greatly in different instances, and here and there we meet with a case in which, in consequence of the presence of pieces of dead bone too large to make their way to the surface, complete cure appears impossible.Happily, however, as experience has now amply proved, the great majority of these formerly hopeless cases, highly interesting to the poor creatures affected and to their relatives, though " not" yet "very interesting" to Mr. Spence, admit of complete cure, if patiently treated to the end with strict antiseptic care and rest.And here again I have to thank Mr. Spence for having, by his refer- ence to my cases left in the Infirmary, brought out incidentally the fact -I had almost said the glorious fact-recorded by Dr. Bishop in the number of the JOURNAL for the 3Ist ult., that under his good care almost all these types of hopelessness, as they might naturally be sup- posed to have been from the way in which they are alluded to by Mr. Spence, have been restored to health and usefulness.
Blue Hands and Pseudocyanosis
Authors: JEFFREY C. DARNELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 May 1976Blue Hands and PseudocyanosisJEFFREY C. DARNELL, M.D.JEFFREY C. DARNELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-617_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to call attention to an unusual case recently seen at our hospital.A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a fever of unknown origin. Mid-course in the hospital he suddenly developed striking bluish coloration of his hands. He had no associated pain and the discoloration did not respond to simple washing. He had no other discoloring of skin or mucous membranes, and his hands were warm. Both the patient and his family were distraught, and observers were unable to explain his cyanotic-appearing hands. The differential diagnosis was proliferating when this blue... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Wishard Memorial Hospital Indianapolis, IN 46202 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPsuedocyanosis 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 617-617KeywordsFever of unknown originMucous membranes Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
An Address on the Treatment of Cancer of the Breast: Delivered before the Harveian Society of London
Authors: W. W. Cheyne
Journal: BMJ (1894)

JOURNvulsions.Santonin and calomel were given; but the fits recurred, and he diecl in thirty-tlhree hours, after having upwards of thirty fits.At the necropsy all the viscera were carefully examined, but nothing was found to explain the convulsions except two round worms in the small intestine.Further exact records of the con(dition of the viscera in fatal cases of convulsions associated withl worms are much needed.It is possible that violent and prolonged convulsions may in some cases produce such conditions as -cerebral effusion or volvulus.Be this as it may, we cannot ignore the great importance of a thorough knowle(dge of the pathology of ascarides in the tropics. ANKYLOSTOMA DUODENALE.Though the valuable researches of Lutz have cleared up many points in the life history of this worm, we have still much to learn as to tlle pathology of the symptoms which it induces.For example, is the intense anmemia, wlhich is the ehief characteristic of ankylostomiasis, the result of a simple drain of blood from tlle intestine by the worms, or is it, as William Hunter contends, the result of excessive blood destruction in the portal circulation effected by the action of certain poisonous agents absorbed from the iiitestinal tract through breaches of surface made by the worms ?Analysis in four cases of ankylostomiasis, which Mr. Casmody and Mr. Tate have been kind enough to make for me, have shown far less iron in the liver than is usually found in cases of per- niciious anemia.So far, then, the theory of a simple drain of blood is supported, but I am waiting for more cases before summarising my conclusions.Anotlher very important ques- tion is the relation of dirt eating to the presence of the parasite.Lutz regards geophagy as a symptom of ankylos- tomiasis, but it must also be admitted that fresh parasites may be introduced into the intestine with the eartlh.Again, severe and fatal cases of earth-eating are sometimes met with in which no ankylostomata are present.On this point imany more observations are nieeded.
Phase I/II Trial of Orteronel (TAK-700)—an Investigational 17,20-Lyase Inhibitor—in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Robert Dreicer, David MacLean, Ajit Suri, Walter M. Stadler, Daniel Shevrin, Lowell Hart, Gary R. MacVicar, Omid Hamid, John Hainsworth, Mitchell E. Gross, Yuanjun Shi, Iain J. Webb, David B. Agus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The androgen receptor pathway remains active in men with prostate cancer whose disease has progressed following surgical or medical castration. Orteronel (TAK-700) is an investigational, oral, nonsteroidal, selective, reversible inhibitor of 17,20-lyase, a key enzyme in the production of androgenic hormones.We conducted a phase I/II study in men with progressive, chemotherapy-naïve, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, and serum testosterone <50 ng/dL. In the phase I part, patients received orteronel 100 to 600 mg twice daily or 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone 5 mg twice a day. In phase II, patients received orteronel 300 mg twice a day, 400 mg twice a day plus prednisone, 600 mg twice a day plus prednisone, or 600 mg once a day without prednisone.In phase I (n = 26), no dose-limiting toxicities were observed and 13 of 20 evaluable patients (65%) achieved ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline from baseline at 12 weeks. In phase II (n = 97), 45 of 84 evaluable patients (54%) achieved a ≥50% decline in PSA and at 12 weeks, substantial mean reductions from baseline in testosterone (-7.5 ng/dL) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (-45.3 μg/dL) were observed. Unconfirmed partial responses were reported in 10 of 51 evaluable phase II patients (20%). Decreases in circulating tumor cells were documented. Fifty-three percent of phase II patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events irrespective of causality; most common were fatigue, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and diarrhea.17,20-Lyase inhibition by orteronel was tolerable and results in declines in PSA and testosterone, with evidence of radiographic responses.
Safety aspects of local endobronchial allergen challenge in asthmatic patients.
Authors: N Krug, L M Teran, A E Redington, C Gratziou, S Montefort, R Polosa, H Brewster, P H Howarth, S T Holgate, A J Frew, M P Carroll
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Local endobronchial allergen challenge is being increasingly used to investigate the role of allergic inflammation in asthma. However, little information is available about the safety of this procedure and the changes induced in airway physiology. BAL and biopsy were performed at 10 min and at 4 to 6 h, or 24 h after segmental allergen challenge in 49 patients with atopic asthma. Two hours after challenge, FEV1 was reduced from 97.6 +/- 13.9 (mean +/- SD) to 83.4 +/- 21.7% predicted. FEV1 remained reduced at 4 to 6 h (87.7 +/- 20.4%), but it had nearly returned to baseline by 24 h (93.2 +/- 14.0%). When endobronchial challenge was combined with BAL and biopsy, the initial fall in FEV1 was slightly greater (from 101.8 +/- 14.2 to 78.5 +/- 13.6%). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was measured in 10 subjects, and it showed a twofold increase 24 h after local challenge and lavage. Significant changes in FEV1 and methacholine PC20 were still detectable 72 h after challenge. Widespread wheezing occurred in 29% of the subjects, but none of the them had to be admitted to hospital. We conclude that local endobronchial allergen challenge, although producing measurable changes in airway physiology, is in general well tolerated and is an acceptable method to investigate airway pathophysiologic processes in patients with mild to moderate asthma.
A New Intra-Arterial DeliveryPlatform for Pro-Arteriogenic Compounds to Stimulate Collateral Artery Growth Via Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Release
Authors: Sebastian Grundmann, Niels van Royen, Gerard Pasterkamp, Nieves Gonzalez, Edze J. Tijsma, Jan J. Piek, Imo E. Hoefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
GlaxoSmithKline to publish clinical trials after US lawsuit
Authors: Liza Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The world's second largest pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline, is to publish summaries of the results of all its clinical trials on its website once a product has been launched.

GlaxoSmithKline said it has been considering the move for several months now, but it follows on the heels of a US lawsuit, filed by Eliot Spitzer, New York state's attorney general, earlier this month.

Mr Spitzer alleged the company engaged in “repeated and persistent fraud” for concealing the results of clinical studies for its antidepressant paroxetine; these suggested the drug was ineffective and unsafe in treating depression in children and adolescents (12 June, p 1395).

Mr Spitzer also had an internal …
Risks of surgery on unruptured brain aneurysms can outweigh benefits
Authors: B Hope
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms may be best left untreated as in some instances the risks of surgery outweigh the benefits, an international group of researchers has concluded. Their findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (1998;339:1725-33), raise difficult questions about how doctors should tackle this common condition, found in about 5% of …
Diagnosis and assessment of food allergy in children and young people: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: A. Sackeyfio, A. Senthinathan, P. Kandaswamy, P. W. Barry, B. Shaw, M. Baker
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 2% of adults in westernised countries, and their prevalence seems to be rising, as does the prevalence of all allergic diseases.1 Correct diagnosis of food allergy in children and young people is essential to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions that result from true food allergies that are missed, and to reduce cases of unnecessary treatment after an incorrect diagnosis. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis and assessment of food allergy in children and young people in primary care and community settings.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Assessment and allergy focused clinical history
Brain potential evidence for an auditory sensory memory deficit in schizophrenia
Authors: S V Catts, A M Shelley, P B Ward, B Liebert, N McConaghy, S Andrews, P T Michie
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The multiple disorders of selective attention found in schizophrenia could be secondary to disturbances in sensory processing. The authors investigated this possibility by using an event-related potential index of auditory sensory memory, called "mismatch negativity."Medicated (N = 11) and neuroleptic-free (N = 11) patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar affective disorder (N = 11) were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects. Auditory stimuli were presented while the subjects were distracted with an attention-demanding visual task. Event-related potentials were elicited by infrequently occurring auditory stimuli (deviants) and by regularly presented auditory stimuli (standards), which differed slightly in duration. The difference in amplitude between the event-related potentials elicited by the deviant and standard stimuli was the mismatch negativity.The amplitude of the mismatch negativity was significantly lower in both groups of schizophrenic patients than in the healthy comparison subjects. Mismatch negativity amplitude was significantly correlated with ratings of negative schizophrenic symptoms but not with positive symptoms. Compared with the matched comparison subjects, the bipolar affective disorder patients did not show lower amplitude of mismatch negativity. There was a significant negative correlation between age and mismatch negativity amplitude.The abnormal auditory sensory memory processing indicated by low mismatch negativity amplitude in the schizophrenic patients cannot be accounted for by neuroleptic medication status. Because this abnormality was significantly related to measures of negative symptoms only, it may be a chronicity marker or reflect a predisposition to the development to schizophrenia. These findings implicate the auditory cortex in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition delays recovery of the cutaneous barrier disruption caused by mechanical scratching in mice
Authors: Y. Honma, I. Arai, N. Futaki, Y. Hashimoto, M. Sugimoto, T. Sakurai, S. Nakaike
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by severe pruritus, and cutaneous barrier disruption by scratching contributes to further aggravation of the condition. We have previously shown that indomethacin delayed recovery from the effects of cutaneous barrier disruption caused by mechanical scratching in mice.This study was designed to assess the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on recovery from the effects of cutaneous barrier disruption induced by mechanical scratching in mice.We examined the effects of SC-560 (a COX-1-selective inhibitor) or NS-398 (a COX-2-selective inhibitor) on recovery from the effects of cutaneous barrier disruption in mice induced by a wire brush, in terms of the skin prostaglandin (PG) levels.While SC-560 significantly delayed recovery from the effects of cutaneous barrier disruption, NS-398 had no such effect. SC-560 was significantly more effective than NS-398 in reducing skin PG levels at 6 and 24 h after cutaneous barrier disruption. SC-560 strongly inhibited biosynthesis of cutaneous PGD(2) to a greater extent than that of other PGs.COX-1-coupled PGD(2) biosynthesis may be an important factor in the recovery of cutaneous barrier disruption.