tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Society of Apothecaries.--Incorporation of General Practitioners
Authors: R. B. Upton
Journal: BMJ (1845)

mert was very important, and port wine and' arrow' root were of the greatest service.Prom the great number of sick, and the difficulties occurrin on' aline of march, there 'was very'lttle opportuntty of.makingcareful inspections; but in two css which were examined, the external emaciation eisted "with absorption of fat, both integumentary and internal.The lungs in both cases were studded with ttibercles, and there was some degree of hepatisation.The stomach was distended with a yellowish glairy fluid, and the mucous coat of the large intestines ulcerated in several places, presenting also the cicatrices of old ulcers; the mesenteric glands greatly enlarged; gall- bladder distended, with much green bile.Mr. Harthill was induced to try emetics, and with marked effect; but generally speaking, the patients were too much prostrated to adopt the plan.
THE LONG TERM EFFECTS OF TOTAL LUNG RADIATION WITH AND WITHOUT WHOLE BODY HYPERTHERHIA ON THE PULMONARY CLEARANCE OF INHALED Tc-99M DTPA IN DIPFERENT LUNG ZONES IN THE CANINE
Authors: P. F. Steyn, S. Gillette, E. L. Gillette
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Department of Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
Type 1 fiber abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients with hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy: Evidence of subclinical myogenic myopathy
Authors: Alida L.P. Caforio, Bruno Rossi, Riccardo Risaliti, Gabriele Siciliano, Antonio Marchetti, Corrado Angelini, Filippo Crea, Mario Mariani, Alberto Muratorio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
631 OUTCOME OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LT) FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT TRANSPLANT CRITERIA: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: G. Germani, M. Garcovich, K. Gurusamy, C. Toso, G. Fede, E. Tsochatzis, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Outbreak of measles in France shows no signs of abating
Authors: P. Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Since 2008 France has been affected by an outbreak of measles that is spreading outside its borders and whose toll is increasing at an impressive speed. The United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency has consequently urged parents to protect their children against measles by ensuring that they have been vaccinated with two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine before they travel abroad.

In 2006 and 2007 about 40 cases a year were reported to the French surveillance agency, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire. This figure rose to 600 in 2008, 1500 in 2009, and more than 5000 in 2010. The trend shows no signs of slowing, as more than 6400 cases …
Echocardiographic Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in High and Low Risk Australian Children
Authors: Kathryn Roberts, Graeme Maguire, Alex Brown, David Atkinson, Bo Reményi, Gavin Wheaton, Andrew Kelly, Raman K. Kumar, Jiunn-Yih Su, Jonathan R. Carapetis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is becoming more widespread, but screening studies to date have used different echocardiographic definitions. The World Heart Federation has recently published new criteria for the echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD. We aimed to establish the prevalence of RHD in high-risk Indigenous Australian children using these criteria and to compare the findings with a group of Australian children at low risk for RHD. Methods and Results— Portable echocardiography was performed on high-risk Indigenous children aged 5 to15 years living in remote communities of northern Australia. A comparison group of low-risk, non-Indigenous children living in urban centers was also screened. Echocardiograms were reported in a standardized, blinded fashion. Of 3946 high-risk children, 34 met World Heart Federation criteria for definite RHD (prevalence, 8.6 per 1000 [95% confidence interval, 6.0–12.0]) and 66 for borderline RHD (prevalence, 16.7 per 1000 [95% confidence interval, 13.0–21.2]). Of 1053 low-risk children, none met the criteria for definite RHD, and 5 met the criteria for borderline RHD. High-risk children were more likely to have definite or borderline RHD than low-risk children (adjusted odds ratio, 5.7 [95% confidence interval, 2.3–14.1]; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— The prevalence of definite RHD in high-risk Indigenous Australian children approximates what we expected in our population, and no definite RHD was identified in the low-risk group. This study suggests that definite RHD, as defined by the World Heart Federation criteria, is likely to represent true disease. Borderline RHD was identified in children at both low and high risk, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies to evaluate the clinical significance of this finding.
Surgical Intensive Care
Authors: Robert C. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Numerous advances in the care of the critically ill patient have occurred over the past 15 years. Hospitalized patients are "increasingly aged and more seriously ill than ever before." These changes produce new and challenging problems for surgeons, requiring evolution in the practice of surgery to include greater emphasis on the care of critically ill patients. This new information is important not only to critical care specialists but also to all physicians who care for patients with surgical disease. This book is focused on the care of the critically ill
RET Rearrangements in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Radiation
Authors: Sanja Dacic, Alyssa Luvison, Viktoria Evdokimova, Lindsey Kelly, Jill M. Siegfried, Liza C. Villaruz, Mark A. Socinski, Yuri E. Nikiforov
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Bicentennial of Litchfield County Medical Association
Authors: Gert M.K. Wallach
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Two hundred years ago, on the second Tuesday of January, 1767, a group of dedicated men met together to found what is probably the first county medical association in the United States continuously in existence up to the present time, the Litchfield County Medical Association.<sup>1</sup>These men, who were all doctors although many of them were busy in other occupations at the same time, were breaking new ground; they had come to realize that the medical practice of their time could no longer continue as it had before, with no standards, no self-education, no local organization with authority to regulate ethical behavior or determine who had the qualifications to give anyone the right to call himself a physician. In their time, any person who wished to do so could hang out his shingle and practice his version of the healing art, treating his neighbors for every sort of illness
Detention of Molecular Changes Between Primary Tumor (PT) and Synchronous Resected Liver Metastases (SRLM) in Colo-Rectal Cancer (Crc) Patients After First Line Cetuximab Based Chemotherapy (CT)
Authors: Adua Daniela, Altimari Annalisa, Gruppioni Elisa, Ercolani Giorgio, Rojas Llimpe Lorena, Di Fabio Francesca, Fiorentino Michelangelo, Pinna Antonio Daniele, Pinto Carmine
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Geriatrics and the Limits of Modern Medicine
Authors: James S. Goodwin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Like a number of geriatricians, I have come to believe that modern medicine does not work well for old people. Old patients serve as a mirror, reflecting the limitations and sometimes the absurdities of modern medicine. There are three areas that are particularly problematic for old people: the medicalization of everyday life, the primacy of diagnosis, and reimbursement for medical care.The Medicalization of Everyday LifeIn Medical Nemesis, Ivan Illich argued that medicine has expanded into almost all aspects of human existence.1 All cultural and personal aspects of the struggles of life — growing up, raising children, and dealing . . .
Balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog.
Authors: R A Schatz, J C Palmaz, F O Tio, F Garcia, O Garcia, S R Reuter
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We studied the acute and chronic biological reaction to balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog. Twenty stainless steel stents were placed, by standard angioplasty techniques, into the left anterior descending, left main, or circumflex coronary arteries of 20 dogs. Angiography was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and animals were killed in groups of three at 1, 3, 8, and 32 weeks, for gross, light, and electronmicroscopic analysis. All dogs survived, all stents were patent, and there was no evidence of myocardial infarction, spasm, rupture, or aneurysm formation during follow-up (longest 18 months; average, 12 months). The stent was initially covered by a thin layer of thrombus that was replaced later by neointimal muscular proliferation that reached its maximal thickness by 8 weeks (p less than .01). This neointima gradually thinned as it became more sclerotic and less cellular. The stents were covered completely by immature endothelium by 1 week without loss of side branches. We conclude that balloon-expandable intraluminal stents can be safely placed percutaneously into normal canine coronary arteries. Because of rapid endothelialization high patency rates can be expected, thus offering promise for clinical applications in man.
Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Infants of Seropositive Women in Zaire
Authors: Robert W. Ryder, Wato Nsa, Susan E. Hassig, Frieda Behets, Mark Rayfield, Bayende Ekungola, Ann M. Nelson, Utshudi Mulenda, Henry Francis, Kashamuka Mwandagalirwa, Farzin Davachi, Martha Rogers, Nzila Nzilambi, Alan Greenberg, Jonathan Mann, Thomas C. Quinn, Peter Piot, James W. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

To examine perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Zaire, we screened 8108 women who gave birth at one of two Kinshasa hospitals that serve populations of markedly different socioeconomic status. For up to one year, we followed the 475 infants of the 466 seropositive women (5.8 percent of those screened) and the 616 infants of 606 seronegative women matched for age, parity, and hospital. On the basis of clinical criteria, 85 of the seropositive women (18 percent) had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The infants of seropositive mothers, as compared with those of seronegative mothers, were more frequently premature, had lower birth weights, and had a higher death rate in the first 28 days (6.2 vs. 1.2 percent; P less than 0.0001). The patterns were similar at the two hospitals. Twenty-one percent of the cultures for HIV-1 of 92 randomly selected cord-blood samples from infants of seropositive women were positive. T4-cell counts were performed in 37 seropositive women, and cord blood from their infants was cultured. The cultures were positive in the infants of 6 of the 18 women with antepartum T4 counts of 400 or fewer cells per cubic millimeter, as compared with none of the infants of the 19 women with more than 400 T4 cells per cubic millimeter (P = 0.02). One year later, 21 percent of the infants of the seropositive mothers had died as compared with 3.8 percent of the control infants (P less than 0.001), and 7.9 percent of their surviving infants had AIDS. We conclude that the mortality rates among children of seropositive mothers are high regardless of socioeconomic status, and that perinatal transmission of HIV-1 has a major adverse effect on infant survival in Kinshasa.
Serum leptin and adiponectin levels and their association with allergic sensitization
Authors: K. Radon, A. Schulze, R. Schierl, G. Dietrich‐Gümperlein, D. Nowak, R. A. Jörres
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Obesity and respiratory allergies have increased in parallel in industrialized countries. We have recently shown an association between obesity and allergic sensitization whereby obesity diminished the protective effect of childhood farm contact. Objective: To assess whether taking obesity into account allergic sensitization is associated with adipokine levels in blood and whether this effect is modified by childhood farm contact. Methods: Serum samples of 231 adult participants (age 18–45 years) of the Lower Saxony Lung Study were analysed for leptin and adiponectin by ELISA. Subjects were elected to represent equal‐sized groups with respect to obesity (&lt;30 vs ≥30 kg/m 2 ), childhood farm contact, specific IgE to ubiquitous allergens and sex. Multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Leptin levels were positively related to the prevalence of sensitization (highest vs lowest quartile odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 2.0–22.4). For adiponectin levels, a weak, not statistically significant inverse association with sensitization was shown (highest vs lowest quartile 0.4, 0.2–1.1). The association between leptin and sensitization appeared to be more pronounced in subjects with farm contact; however, the effect modification was not statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that adipokines might be involved in the causal pathway between obesity and allergic sensitization.
Phagocytosis of wear debris by osteoblasts affects differentiation and local factor production in a manner dependent on particle composition
Authors: C.H Lohmann, Z Schwartz, G Köster, U Jahn, G.H Buchhorn, M.J MacDougall, D Casasola, Y Liu, V.L Sylvia, D.D Dean, B.D Boyan
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Abstract 2378: Harmonization of next generation sequencing data within consortia for gene discovery in familial breast cancer
Authors: Joseph Vijai, Steven Hart, Tinu Thomas, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Lucia Guidugli, Kasmintan Schrader, Kara Maxwell, Lauren Jacobs, Danylo Villano, Robert Klein, Steven Lipkin, Susan Neuhausen, Jeffrey Weitzel, David Altshuler, Fergus Couch, Kenneth Offit, Katherine Nathanson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Massively parallel next generation sequencing data (NGS) has proved to be useful in identification of rare Mendelian disorders. Efforts are on-going to use NGS for discovery of novel rare variants in common disease etiology. Distinguishing rare private mutations from causal variants remains a major challenge in complex disorders. With decreasing cost, investigators are generating NGS data for common cancers. However, power and other considerations suggest that a consortia approach of pooling data is more likely to succeed where individual efforts fail. Combining data within such consortia brings its own level of challenges. We enumerate these challenges and suggest recommendations based on our experience of combining and harmonizing NGS data on 358 breast cancer samples from four centers; (City of Hope n=8, Mayo Clinic n=221, MSKCC n=96 and University of Pennsylvania n=33). Major concerns were ability of individual datasets to discover known and novel variations, depth of coverage across the exome, and quality of variants. Using pre- and post-processed data, we demonstrate an increased power for detecting variants when using a joint-calling method, quality control (QC) and quality assurance pre- and post-merge, as well as the advantages of combined annotations and filtering procedures. To generate a filtered list of high confident calls, we subset the data on Depth per Allele (DP), Genotyping Quality (GQ), Allele balance, Phred likelihood score (PL) as well as using frequency filters on the alternate allele both within the data and comparing against convenience control summaries. We describe general principles and QC measures to be adopted when NGS data is used from diverse sources, specifically applicable to large consortia. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Joseph Vijai, Steven Hart, Tinu Thomas, Bradley Wubbenhorst, Lucia Guidugli, Kasmintan Schrader, Kara Maxwell, Lauren Jacobs, Danylo Villano, Robert Klein, Steven Lipkin, Susan Neuhausen, Jeffrey Weitzel, David Altshuler, Fergus Couch, Kenneth Offit, Katherine Nathanson. Harmonization of next generation sequencing data within consortia for gene discovery in familial breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2378. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2378
A5.19 Usefulness of punch biopsy in cutaneous lesions with autoimmune profile in rheumatology: Abstract A5.19 Table 1
Authors: LM Jimenez Liñan, JA Paz Solarte, ML Velloso Feijoo, JL Marenco de la Fuente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Many autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases have typical cutaneous manifestations, but not always macroscopic skin lesions are characteristic, so it is necessary to perform a skin biopsy to identify a specific pattern that help us to confirm our suspected diagnosis and make a better treatment decision. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Descriptive study about 20 patients with skin lesions evaluated in our Rheumatology Unit in the last 18 months, which underwent a skin punch biopsy, as part of the supplementary studies. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age was 48.9 years ± 20.25 and 90% were women. Only 4 of the 20 patients (20%) had autoimmune diseases (3 hypothyroidism and 1 seronegative oligoarthritis); 11 had cardiovascular risk factors (3 arterial hypertension, 4 dyslipidemia, 3 had type 2 diabetes and 3 had obesity); and 3 had endocrine disorders (1 microprolactinoma, 1 anorexia nervosa and 1 with secondary hyperparathyroidism). Five patients (25%) had fever, 4 patients (20%) oligoarthritis, 1 patient had pneumonia and 1 patient Raynaud's phenomenon. The only 2 patients with positive ANA, both women, had inmunoglobulins alterations. One of them presented leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) with hypergammglobulinemia IgA and IgM and positive test for rheumatoid factor (RF), and the other had unspecific cutaneous lesions with hyper-IgA. Another patient had hyper-IgE, related to eosinophilic dermatitis. The results of the biopsies were the following (see the table 1 below): Ninety percent were treated with systemic corticosteroids. One patient received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), 1 alprostadil (hypertensive ulcer), 2 sodium thiosulfate (calciphylaxis) and 2 disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (mixed panniculitis related to intestinal bypass and LCV complicated by ulcers). Ninety percent had an excelent prognosis and only 2 had a poor response to corticosteroids and required intravenous cyclophosphamide (1 calciphylaxis and the LCV complicated). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our opinion, the skin punch biopsy is essential in the rheumatologic clinical practice. This is a very simple and easy procedure with a low rate of complications and, although the results are sometimes unspecific, we can improve the diagnosis if the rheumatologist provides clinical information to the pathologist.
iBIG: An Integrative Network Tool for Supporting Human Disease Mechanism Studies
Authors: Jiya Sun, Yuyun Pan, Xuemei Feng, Huijuan Zhang, Yong Duan, Hongxing Lei
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Understanding the mechanism of complex human diseases is a major scientific challenge. Towards this end, we developed a web-based network tool named iBIG (stands for integrative BIoloGy), which incorporates a variety of information on gene interaction and regulation. The generated network can be annotated with various types of information and visualized directly online. In addition to the gene networks based on physical and pathway interactions, networks at a functional level can also be constructed. Furthermore, a supplementary R package is provided to process microarray data and generate a list of important genes to be used as input for iBIG. To demonstrate its usefulness, we collected 54 microarrays on common human diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, infectious diseases and other common diseases. We processed the microarray data with our R package and constructed a network of functional modules perturbed in common human diseases. Networks at the functional level in combination with gene networks may provide new insight into the mechanism of human diseases. iBIG is freely available at http://lei.big.ac.cn/ibig.
Adult Day Care Centers Vital, Many More Needed
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

LONG-TERM CARE includes adult day care—and the nation needs three times the 3000 centers that it presently has. That's the opinion at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, where Burton V. Reifler, MD, MPH, is directing a Partners in Caregiving initiative for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation of Princeton, NJ. Rona Smyth Henry, MPH, MBA, associate director of the initiative, says that the number of adult day care centers has increased from around 2100 to more than 3000 in recent years, but it's the research group's view that about 10000 are needed. The Johnson Foundation, the nation's largest private philanthropic organization dedicated exclusively to health care, notes that adult day care centers provide supervised social, recreational, and health-related activities, usually in a group setting. However, some centers also provide individualized care. By looking after their clients, most often older persons, the centers also provide respite for
Evaluation of a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acne vulgaris with conventional therapy
Authors: R. GREENWOOD, B. BURKE, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Four hundred and twenty patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated with oral erythromycin and topical benzoyl peroxide to determine the optimum dose regimes. Our results show that the response was significantly less in patients with a greater severity of acne, with truncal acne and in those with a higher sebum excretion rate. There was a significantly better clinical result in patients given Ig erythromycin daily than in those given 0.5 g daily (plus topical therapy in both groups). The relapse rate on stopping antibiotics is also significantly less in patients given I g daily and this dosage did not produce any increase in side effects. We suggest that any patient requiring oral antibiotics should initially be given I g daily of erythromycin (or tetracycline) for up to six months, plus topical therapy.
The Price of Oil — Death of a Baby — No Sex, Please — We're British
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Oil rigs, tugs and giant tankers are now familiar sights off the East Coast of Scotland, and as the first oil begins to be pumped ashore, it seems appropriate to reflect on some of the medical problems involved in extracting oil from the seabed and conveying it to the refineries on the mainland. The North Sea is an unkindly place at the best of times, and in spite of the inducement of high financial rewards, only men of rugged temperament and tough constitution would contemplate facing the dangers of deep-sea diving or working on the rigs. The disturbingly high casualty . . .