tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormones and Breast Cancer
Authors: B. A. Stoll
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BDICJOURNAL 755 in other cases due to the ulcerated nature of the surface of the tumour.We feel, therefore, that a biopsy is required for any cervix which has the clinical appearance of malig- nancy, despite an initial negative smear.As Professor McLaren has said, cervical smears from patients with irregular bleeding, in whom body cancer is suspect, are not in- frequently negative.We have found, however, that in such circumstances vaginal smears are frequently positive when a cervical scrape is negative, the exfoliated cells having been caught in the vaginal vault.When, therefore, body carcinoma is suspected, both cervical and vaginal smears should be examined before curettage.-Iam, etc.,
Reply to C. Parker et al
Authors: Ian Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

We would agree with the authors that postoperative radiotherapy increases late complications but were surprised that in Moinpour et al’s assessment of quality of life data from S8794 that, with prolonged follow-up, global quality of life was superior in men receiving adjuvant radiation. While the explanation is not completely clear, the doubling of the rate of hormone therapy in the observation only arm provides one compelling rationale. We applaud the authors, the Medical Research Council, and the National Cancer Institute of Canada in initiating the Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation in Combination after Local Surgery trial which will help focus therapy on those patients most likely to benefit.
Pacemaker Failure From Automobile Accident
Authors: Irving I. Lasky
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The rapid decelerative experience suffered by automobile accident victims, who wear cardiac pacemakers, can produce dislodgement or malfunction of such a device. Additionally, prior cardiac disease makes the heart more susceptible to injury from impact forces. A device is safe, when its use is safer for the patient than the prognosis of his disease, and is the best available.1  Report of a Case.—  The electrocardiogram of a 72-year-old man showed a 2 to 1 AV block, and the disorder was identified as hypertensive arteriosclerotic heart disease with Adams-Stokes syndrome.  With the patient under local anesthesia, a transvenous cardiac pacemaker was inserted via the right internal jugular vein (Fig 1). Subsequent cardiac pacing of 1:1 aborted the vertigo and fainting.  Several months thereafter, the patient was a passenger seated in the rear on the right side of an automobile which was involved in a high-speed accident. He
Rising incidence of Kawasaki disease in England: analysis of hospital admission data
Authors: A. Harnden
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Knowing the clinical history is important for evaluating images, particularly when a specific clinical question has been raised.After the clinical history was discussed with the coroner, however, nearly half the cases referred by hospital doctors were accepted by the coroner without any postmortem examination.Many cases from general practice were referred to the coroner because the doctor had not seen the patient for several weeks, even though the patient had a proved history of disease.The doctors were either too busy or unavailable to visit the mortuary to review the body after death.In cases such as these, where specific diseases could be evaluated, magnetic resonance imaging was most valuable.Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful examination technique.The hard copy images are suited to audit and quality control, which are noticeably absent from the present system.Imaging is expensive, however, as we scan the head, thorax, and upper abdomen.The availability of scanners and radiologists' time also limit its use.
TRIAL LABOR AS A PROCEDURE IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CONTRACTED PELVES
Authors: HAROLD BAILEY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

At the meeting of the American Gynecological Society in 1926, one of us<sup>1</sup>presented a paper on this subject, and as the discussion indicated considerable interest, we felt that it would be of value to elucidate the topic further before an audience representative of the general practitioner, who is the man most deeply concerned, rather than a group of specialists. In this paper we have followed our results for the five years from 1922 through 1926, during which time we have had 11,491 deliveries. These patients were directly under our control, and those with relatively contracted pelves were given a trial labor under one plan of treatment. Throughout the country the rates for the incidence of cesarean section and the mortality accompanying it are too high. The primary indication for cesarean section is pelvic contraction or disproportion between the size of the child and the mother's pelvis. The mortality
<i>In Vivo</i> Tomographic Imaging of Deep-Seated Cancer Using Fluorescence Lifetime Contrast
Authors: William L. Rice, Daria M. Shcherbakova, Vladislav V. Verkhusha, Anand T.N. Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Preclinical cancer research would benefit from noninvasive imaging methods that allow tracking and visualization of early-stage metastasis in vivo. Although fluorescent proteins revolutionized intravital microscopy, two major challenges that still remain are tissue autofluorescence and hemoglobin absorption, which act to limit intravital optical techniques to large or subcutaneous tumors. Here, we use time-domain (TD) technology for the effective separation of tissue autofluorescence from extrinsic fluorophores, based on their distinct fluorescence lifetimes. In addition, we use cancer cells labeled with near infrared fluorescent proteins (iRFP) to allow deep-tissue imaging. Our results demonstrate that TD imaging allows the detection of metastasis in deep-seated organs of living mice with a more than 20-fold increase in sensitivity compared with conventional continuous wave techniques. Furthermore, the distinct fluorescence lifetimes of iRFPs enable lifetime multiplexing of three different tumors, each expressing unique iRFP labels in the same animal. Fluorescence tomographic reconstructions reveal three-dimensional distributions of iRFP720-expressing cancer cells in lungs and brain of live mice, allowing ready longitudinal monitoring of cancer cell fate with greater sensitivity than otherwise currently possible.
Sanguinarine-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Azhar R. Hussain, Naif A. Al-Jomah, Abdul K. Siraj, Pulicat Manogaran, Khalid Al-Hussein, Jehad Abubaker, Leonidas C. Platanias, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya, Shahab Uddin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable, aggressive B-cell malignancy that develops rapid resistance to conventional chemotherapy. In efforts to identify novel approaches to block proliferation of PEL cells, we found that sanguinarine, a natural compound isolated from the root plant Sanguinaria canadendid, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in several PEL cell lines. Our data show that sanguinarine treatment of PEL cells results in up-regulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) expression via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid (tBid). Subsequently, tBid translocates to the mitochondria causing conformational changes in Bax, leading to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c to the cytosol. Sanguinarine-induced release of cytochrome c results in activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, leading to induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, we show that pretreatment of PEL cells with carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a universal inhibitor of caspases, abrogates caspase and PARP activation and prevents cell death induced by sanguinarine. Moreover, treatment of PEL cells with sanguinarine down-regulates expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP). Finally, N-acetylcysteine, an inhibitor of ROS, inhibits sanguinarine-induced generation of ROS, up-regulation of DR5, Bax conformational changes, activation of caspase-3, and down-regulation of IAPs. Taken together, our findings suggest that sanguinarine is a potent inducer of apoptosis of PEL cells via up-regulation of DR5 and raise the possibility that this agent may be of value in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PEL. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3888–97]
Prospective controlled clinical and histopathologic study of hidradenitis suppurativa treated with the long-pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser
Authors: Bassel H. Mahmoud, Emily Tierney, Camile L. Hexsel, John Pui, David M. Ozog, Iltefat H. Hamzavi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
MAXIMUM DIAMETER OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT MEASURED BY LIVE 3 DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY CONTRIBUTES FOR APPROPRIATE DEVICE SELECTION IN PATIENTS WITH LARGE DEFECT: BALLOON SIZING TECHNIQUE SHOULD BE AVOIDED IN PATIENTS WITH LARGE ASD
Authors: Teiji Akagi, Manabu Taniguchi, Koji Nakagawa, Yasufumi Kijima, Hiroshi Ito, Shunji Sano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Katrina's Mental Health Impact Lingers
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

WASHINGTON, DC—Three years after hurricanes Katrina and Rita ravaged the US Gulf Coast in August and September 2005, many survivors still struggle to move on with their lives. Psychiatrists and other clinicians, hospitals, governmental and nongovernmental agencies, schools, and community groups are working to help adults and children with persistent mental health problems. They also seek to restore and strengthen mental health services and boost preparedness for future disasters. In doing so, however, they must overcome distinct challenges: shortages of mental health professionals and facilities, along with higher than expected rates of mental illness related to the hurricanes and their aftermath. Professionals discussed some of these issues at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) here in May.
CANDESARTAN SUPPRESSES INCREASE IN SECRETED FRIZZLED RELATED PROTEIN 2 AND FIBROSIS DURING HEALING AFTER REPERFUSED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE RAT MODEL
Authors: Bodh I. Jugdutt, Ariv Palaniyappan, Halliday Idikio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Sentinel-lymph-node procedure in colon and rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martijn HGM van der Pas, Sybren Meijer, Otto S Hoekstra, Ingid I Riphagen, Henrica CW de Vet, Dirk L Knol, Nicole CT van Grieken, Wilhelmus JHJ Meijerink
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Localization of aortic valve vegetations by echocardiography.
Authors: D S Hirschfeld, N Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Nine patients with anatomically documented vegetations on one or more cusps of the aortic valve had echocardiograms in which abnormal echoes were associated with the aortic leaflet echoes. The motion of the abnormal echoes during systole correlated well with the anatomic location of vegetations: a vegetation on the right coronary cusp moved anteriorly with systole while a vegetation on the noncoronary cusp moved posteriorly during systole. Our data, although inconclusive, suggest that echoes from a vegetation on the left coronary cusp maintain a mid-aortic position throughout the cardiac cycle. The echocardiographic appearance of vegetations is not specific, but in the setting of septicemia, dense mobile echoes in the region of the aortic valve are strongly suggestive of vegetation. A normal echocardiographic appearance of the aortic valve does not exclude the possibility that vegetation is present, especially if the growth is less than 5 mm in size.
Liver Lover's Headache: Pseudotumor Cerebri and Vitamin A Intoxication
Authors: John B. Selhorst
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to draw attention to dietary habits of patients with pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), a syndrome of elevated intracranial pressure that typically occurs in obese young women and is characterized by headache and papilledema. The nature of this condition is usually undiscovered but is associated with a variety of disorders, the most predictable of which is vitamin A intoxication. In fact, pseudotumor cerebri occurs in 30% to 50% of patients with hypervitaminosis A.<sup>1,2</sup>This causal relationship prompted us to conduct a dietary survey of approximately 50 patients with idiopathic PTC. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Surprisingly, we discovered five patients who ate beef liver at least once or twice a week. Several patients consumed liver at multiple meals during a single day or regularly on luncheon sandwiches; two patients disclosed that they routinely purchased 6 to 24 lb of liver each week. None of the patients were using
Muslim Marriage Customs
Authors: Muhammad Abdul Rauf
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The article Normal and Deviant Sexual Behavior, by J. Marmor (217:165, 1971) says: By contrast, Mohammedan law considered it grounds for divorce if intercourse did not take place at least once a week.  I wonder from where the writer has drawn this piece of information, and why he prefers to use the misleading term, Mohammedan, rather than the correct term, Muslim or Islamic?  While the exaggerated statement may agree with the general teaching of Islam that husband and wife should cooperate in the fulfilment of the emotional needs of each other, none of the Muslim jurists is known to have stipulated specific frequency of copulation per week, below which either party may seek divorce! In fact, copulation is forbidden for the duration of the menstruation period, and what is important for a Muslim couple is that each party should respond within his or her limits to
Only one quarter of women with learning disability in Exeter have cervical screening
Authors: V. Pearson, C. Davis, C. Ruoff, J. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Racial discrimination in distinction awards Discrimination is probably indirectEditor-Esmail et al attribute disparity between white and non-white award holders to discrimination. 1 Existence of direct discrimination in some spheres of the NHS does not imply it also affects distinction awards.The regional and central advisory committees on distinction awards are beyond reproach.Rubin's suggestion that several other factors may explain the skewed distributions is more plausible. 2Disparity between groups of consultants is inevitable because of differences in abilities, training, and opportunities.The Commission for Racial Equality held that the criteria laid down for distinction awards could, however, result in indirect discrimination, not necessarily with discriminatory intent.For example, the weight given to work of national and international significance may make the awards less accessible to those in smaller district general hospitals or specialties, where ethnic minority consultants may be concentrated.The Department of Health has therefore issued criteria placing less emphasis on national and international recognition and making A awards available to consultants delivering "outstanding and sustained service to the NHS in an exceptionally hard pressed post" provided it is not the sole ground for an award.Introduced for the 1998 awards round, the criteria are fairer and more widely applicable, but will they change attitudes?Consultants work under varied conditions.However, the criteria do not seem to allow for this.The uniform expectations across the board lead to a skewed distribution of awards with a bias towards academics, consultants in teaching hospitals and larger district general hospitals, and those in the high profile specialties.Esmail et al quite rightly highlight the disparity.Their campaign should, however, be directed towards rectifying the situation which places not only ethnic minority consultants but also many other consultants at a significant disadvantage.Eliminating prejudice in the system, if it exists, is more difficult than establishing a fairer assessment of achievements based on individual circumstances.
Recent Advances in the Study of Oncogenic Viruses
Authors: Paul H. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE field of oncogenic virology has made significant advances in the past decade. A number of factors have been responsible for these advances. In the first place, several new oncogenic viruses have been isolated and their properties investigated; some of these viruses are of primate, including human, origin. Secondly, improvements in technics for growing and characterizing animal cells in vitro have permitted the examination of viral oncogenesis at the cellular level. Thirdly, the new technics and advances in the field of molecular biology are being applied to the study of oncogenic viruses and cells infected with these viruses.Study of . . .
Pepsin 5 in gastric juice: determination and relationship to the alkali-stable peptic activity.
Authors: V Walker, W H Taylor
Journal: Gut (1979)

Pure human pepsins 1 and 3 are inactivated by incubation at pH 7-1-7-3 for 30 minutes, losing 90 % or more of activity.Pepsin 5 is alkali-stable, retaining 100 % of activity.Mixtures of pure pepsins 1 and/or 3 with pepsin 5 were found to have greater alkali-stable activity than predicted.Two published methods for determining the alkali-stable fraction of the peptic activity of gastric juice gave, respectively, in our hands values of 45'4-80-0 % and 27-5-43 9 % of the total activity.These values seemed too high to be attributable only to pepsin 5 in gastric juice, as agar gel electrophoresis shows pepsin 3 to have the principal activity.Electrophoretograms of alkaline incubated gastric juice revealed that large amounts of pepsin 3 retained activity as well as pepsin 5, and a proteolytic zone '4' appeared between them.Alkali inactivation thus does not allow the estimation of pepsin 5 individually in gastric juice.Pepstatin, at a final concentration of 100 to 170 pmol/ml, may be used to estimate pepsin 5 in gastric juice and gave values of 18-0 to 27-6 % of the total peptic activity.Pepsin 5, in gastric juice and in mixtures of pepsins, appears to protect pepsin 3 from alkaline-inactivation, and to a lesser extent from pepstatin inhibition.
The World Health Organisation: Interview with the director general
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Dr Hiroshi Nakajima was elected director general of WHO in 1988. Born in Japan, he trained as a psychiatrist before joining WHO in 1973. He was WHO's regional director for the Western Pacific from 1979 to 1988. His term of office has been marked by criticism of his management style and allegations of misuse of WHO's funds. I spoke to him at WHO's headquarters in Geneva in July. I have presented the interview in the form of questions and answers. It would be misleading, however, not to make clear that in doing so I have transcribed conversation which was at times extremely difficult to follow. I feel that it is important to emphasise this in the context of an interview with an international leader, one of whose primary tasks must be to communicate his views on health to people across the world. The interviews gave me first hand experience of the difficulties in communication that staff, diplomats, and others, including Japanese leaders, have consistently commented on since Dr Nakajima took office.
Artificial Liver Support -- Pipe Dream or Reality?
Authors: Mark S. Cattral, Gary A. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Fulminant hepatic failure is characterized by the rapid appearance of jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy and reflects severe hepatocellular injury or necrosis. Acute viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury account for the vast majority of cases in developed nations; other causes include toxins, venous-outflow obstruction, and ischemia. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiologic features of the disease and the establishment of specialized liver-failure units, mortality from fulminant hepatic failure ranges from 50 to 80 percent, depending on the cause.The liver destruction in fulminant hepatic failure is potentially reversible; the liver usually returns to normal in people who recover. . . .
Appoint a colleague.
Authors: M. C. Petch
Journal: BMJ (1989)

treatment with oral propranolol is effective in reducing rebleeding in patients with good liver function (equivalent to Child's grade A).In patients with more advanced liver disease, such as those with decompensated cirrhosis, propranolol has not been shown to be effective, and these patients should be treated by other methods such as injection sclero- therapy.The difference in response between patients with compensated and patients with decompensated liver disease can be explained by the higher concentra- tions of circulating catecholamines in patients with decompensated liver disease.The predominantly vasoconstricting effect in the portal system of these raised catecholamine concentrations would tend to counterbalance any reduction in pressure induced by propranolol.'The results of this study showed no deterioration in liver or renal function.On the contrary, the feeling of wellbeing which is a well recognised side effect of this drug'0 was noted by many of our patients.Fewer patients taking propranolol died than patients taking placebo, but the difference was not significant, perhaps because of the small number of patients who died and the short follow up period of one year.
Global Fund needs $15bn to fight HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria is asking international donors for $15bn (£9.5bn; €11.3bn) as an “absolute minimum” to fight the diseases over the next three years.

Mark Dybul, executive director of the Global Fund, told a telephone press conference that the scientific advances and increased investment of the past 10 years presented the world with a unique window of opportunity.

“We can now see the ability to completely control HIV, TB, and malaria while strengthening health systems and end them as public health threats. That’s an extraordinary historic moment,” he said. 

He added that the economic strain the world had been under was easing but that “communicable diseases like HIV, TB, and malaria don’t pay much attention to fiscal crises and …