tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the human monocyte binding site for monomeric immunoglobulin G by activated Hageman factor.
Authors: P Chien, R A Pixley, L G Stumpo, R W Colman, A D Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Macrophage Fc gamma receptors play a significant role in inflammation and host defense. One monocyte/macrophage Fc gamma receptor, Fc gamma RI, the binding site for monomeric IgG, appears to be especially responsive to modulatory signals by hormones and mediators. Since Factor XIIa is generated during inflammation, we studied the effect of XIIa on Fc gamma RI. Factor XIIa, in a concentration-dependent manner (0.01-0.19 microM), reduced the number of monocyte binding sites for monomeric IgG up to 80% without altering the affinity of binding. Its precursor, Factor XII, and the low molecular weight fragment of XIIa, lacking most of the heavy chain region, did not reduce the expression of Fc gamma RI. Neither corn trypsin inhibitor (36 microM) nor diisopropylfluorophosphate (3.6 mM) diminished the effect of Factor XIIa on Fc gamma RI, although each completely inhibited the coagulant and amidolytic activity contained on the light chain of Factor XIIa. Protein synthesis was not a requirement for this effect of Factor XIIa, nor was internalization of Fc gamma RI necessary. In contrast to similar concentrations of IgG, Factor XIIa failed to displace significantly monomeric IgG from the monocyte surface, suggesting that Factor XIIa does not directly compete for Fc gamma RI. The data suggest that the heavy chain of XIIa, which contains domains that may have cell hormone activity, also contains a domain that regulates Fc gamma RI on monocytes. In addition to other hormones and mediators, Factor XIIa may serve a regulatory function in modulating Fc gamma receptor expression during inflammation.
Evidence for a role of neural pathways in dermographism
Authors: J.W. Ralph
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Evidence for a role of neural pathways in dermographism Get access J.W. Ralph J.W. Ralph Department of Neurology University of California 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0114 San Francisco CA 94143‐0114 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 6, 1 December 2013, Pages 1362–1363, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12506 Published: 01 December 2013
Abstract P2-10-38: Prognostic factors uPA/PAI-1: measurement in core needle biopsies
Authors: M Vetter, B Landstorfer, T Lantzsch, J Buchmann, R Große, K Ruschke, H-J Holzhausen, C Thomssen, E-J Kantelhardt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 are validated as prognostic factors at the highest level of evidence within the node-negative group of breast cancer patients (Harris L et al., JCO 2007; 25:5287). Usually, patients receive a core-needle biopsy before surgery. A prior feasibility study showed that the method of sampling (ex vivo from the surgical specimen using a small core needle or the larger excision specimen) doesn't influence the uPA and PAI-1 results (Thomssen et al., J Natl Cancer 2009; 101:1028). With the current study, we assessed how well uPA and PAI-1 values obtained from the core needle biopsy (in vivo) predict the expression level of these prognostic factors in the later surgical specimen. Material and Methods: Fresh frozen material of 2–3 core needle biopsies (min 10 mg each) and the corresponding tumor material (min 50 mg) removed by subsequent surgery were collected from 110 patients in two hospitals. Only areas of the surgical specimen were selected for testing that had a sufficient distance to the needle biopsy defect. The uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were analysed using a commercially available ELISA test (FEMTELLE™; American Diagnostica, Inc., Stamford, CT). The predictive values (and sensitivity/specificity) of the core-needle biopsy data were calculated to forecast the uPA and PAI-1 values of the corresponding surgical specimen results. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, the positive (ppv) and negative (npv) predictive values for uPA, PAI-1 and for the combination of uPA/PAI-1 are listed in table 1. Low concentrations of uPA in the core needle biopsies correlate with low concentrations in the surgical specimens across the entire study cohort as well as in the group with an intermediate (G2, N0) risk (npv = 0.91). The clinical and pathological data of the cohort and the risk assessment will be presented. Conclusion: Most important, low uPA/PAI-1 results in core-needle biopsies predict low results in the surgical specimen. In some cases, core-needle biopsies and surgical specimen show discordant data. These cases do not correlate with any clinical or pathological factors such as time between needling and surgery, grading, tumor size or hospital. We assume that these discordances are caused by pre-surgical manipulations, which change expression patterns in the remaining tissue as it is reported also from multi-gene tests. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-38.
Improving Blood Pressure Control Through a Clinical Pharmacist Outreach Program in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in 2 High-Performing Health Systems
Authors: Michele Heisler, Timothy P. Hofer, Julie A. Schmittdiel, Joe V. Selby, Mandi L. Klamerus, Hayden B. Bosworth, Martin Bermann, Eve A. Kerr
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Even in high-performing health systems, some patients with diabetes mellitus have poor blood pressure (BP) control because of poor medication adherence and lack of medication intensification. We examined whether the Adherence and Intensification of Medications intervention, a pharmacist-led intervention combining elements found in efficacy studies to lower BP, improved BP among patients with diabetes mellitus with persistent hypertension and poor refill adherence or insufficient medication intensification in 2 high-performing health systems.We conducted a prospective, multisite cluster randomized pragmatic trial with randomization of 16 primary care teams at 5 medical centers (3 Veterans Affairs and 2 Kaiser Permanente) to the Adherence and Intensification of Medications intervention or usual care. The primary outcome was relative change in systolic BP (SBP), comparing 1797 intervention with 2303 control team patients, from 6 months preceding to 6 months after the 14-month intervention period. We examined shorter-term changes in SBP as a secondary outcome. The mean SBP decrease from 6 months before to 6 months after the intervention period was ≈9 mm Hg in both arms. Mean SBPs of eligible intervention patients were 2.4 mm Hg lower (95% CI: -3.4 to -1.5; P<0.001) immediately after the intervention than those achieved by control patients.The Adherence and Intensification of Medications program more rapidly lowered SBPs among intervention patients, but usual-care patients achieved equally low SBP levels by 6 months after the intervention period. These findings show the importance of evaluating in different real-life clinical settings programs found in efficacy trials to be effective before urging their widespread adoption in all settings.URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00495794.
THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL ON THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF METHYL NICOTINATE
Authors: JONATHAN HADGRAFT, J. W. HADGRAFT, I. SARKANY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The effect of glycerol on the rate of percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate from aqueous vehicles was investigated. The partition coefficients of methyl nicotinate between isopropyl myristate and aqueous solutions of glycerol were determined. The diffusivity of methyl nicotinate in various aqueous solutions of glycerol was also studied. It was shown that addition of glycerol in concentrations above 60% delayed the onset of erythema in human skin. The results suggest that this effect is related to the partition coefficient and diffusivity of methyl nicotinate in the aqueous vehicle. The osmotic effects of glycerol are negligible.
Structure of central airways in current smokers and ex-smokers with and without mucus hypersecretion: relationship to lung function.
Authors: J B Mullen, J L Wright, B R Wiggs, P D Pare, J C Hogg
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Forty-five patients who underwent thoracotomy and lung resection for tumour were studied to compare the structure of the central airways in current smokers and ex-smokers. The patients were divided into four groups: current smokers with mucus hypersecretion (n = 15), current smokers without mucus hypersecretion (n = 14), ex-smokers with mucus hypersecretion (n = 5), and ex-smokers without mucus hypersecretion (n = 11). Quantitative histological studies of the airway wall showed no difference in gland size, smooth muscle, connective tissue, or Reid index between the groups. The central airways of patients with mucus hypersecretion showed increased mucosal inflammation. The five ex-smokers in whom mucus hypersecretion persisted after they had stopped smoking had both central and peripheral airways affected by the inflammatory response, and these patients also had an abnormal result in the nitrogen washout test.
Hospital-Wide Program Identifies Battered Women; Offers Assistance
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

POLICE OFFICERS say that responding to a call involving domestic assault is one of the most dangerous aspects of their work. For physicians, it is no less a challenge. Treating the injury lies comfortably within the realm of medicine, but addressing the injury's cause can feel like trespassing in another's territory. Physicians have been criticized for not asking about the cause of a woman's injuries, even when it is clear that she was deliberately hurt by another person. But if physicians do choose to ask, and discover the patient is a victim of abuse, what can they offer her? Many physicians lack an effective way to connect these women with services that could help. Simply giving her the telephone number of a crisis center is rarely sufficient—battered women are not likely to call these numbers unless they are also receiving ongoing, personal support of some kind. Many are afraid that
Fixed ventilation during tidal volume breathing bronchial challenge may improve repeatability
Authors: F. Madsen, L. Frølund, N. H. Nielsen, U. G. Svendsen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Tidal breathing during bronchial challenge shows both between‐ and within‐subject variation. A challenge protocol permitting controlled ventilation was designed in order to improve repeatability of the method. Twenty‐five patients were challenged twice with an interval of 2 h. The 2 min ventilation was kept constant at each concentration administered. During the 2 min inhalation of aerosol all expired air (V E ) was led through a dry gas meter and respiratory frequency was counted concomitantly. The patients were instructed to achieve the same 2 min ventilation at each dosage. All patients accomplished the two challenges without problems. A PC 20 was determined by interpolation on the log dose‐response curve. Repeatability was improved compared to what has been found in previous studies on adults, although statistically non‐significant when compared to one study. The 95% confidence interval for PC 20 based on a single determination was rather narrow, being the observed value ± 0.58 two‐fold concentration differences.
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of fetal growth restriction: a large prospective observational study
Authors: S Boylan, JE Cade, VA Dolby, DC Greenwood, Awm Hay, Sfl Kirk, S Shires, N Simpson, JD Thomas, J Walker, Klm White, CP Wild, N Potdar, JC Konje, N Taub, J Charvill, KC Chipps, S Kassam, C Ghandi, Cooke
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Correction to Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of fetal growth restriction: a large prospective observational study, dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2332 available on the LRA at http://hdl.handle.net/2381/16058
Cerebral infarction in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after fresh‐frozen plasma replacement during l‐asparaginase therapy
Authors: Hideshi Ishii, Hakumei Oh, Nobuko Ishizuka, Yasuhiro Matsuura, Hirotoshi Nakamura, Takayoshi Asai, Sho Yoshida
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)
Water and solute absorption from hypotonic glucose-electrolyte solutions in human jejunum.
Authors: J B Hunt, E J Elliott, P D Fairclough, M L Clark, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1992)

While oral rehydration therapy with glucose-electrolyte solutions is highly effective, the optimal formulation has not yet been defined. Recent clinical studies suggest that stool volume, and thus water losses, may be reduced if glucose is replaced by a polymeric substrate which reduces osmolality. It is possible that the efficacy of glucose monomer based oral rehydration solutions (ORS) will also improve if osmolality is decreased. Using jejunal triple lumen perfusion in healthy adult volunteers net water and solute absorption were studied from three hypotonic solutions with different sodium concentrations (46, 60, 75 mmol/l) but identical glucose concentrations (90 mmol/l), thus allowing osmolality to rise (210, 240, and 270 mOsm/kg, respectively). Results from these solutions (ORS 45:210, ORS 60:240, and ORS 75:270) were compared with the World Health Organisation oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS). Greatest water absorption was seen with ORS 60:240 (p less than 0.01). Sodium absorption from ORS 60:240 and WHO-ORS was similar and greater than sodium absorption from ORS 45:210 (p less than 0.05). Potassium and glucose absorption were greater from ORS 60:240 than from any of the other hypotonic solutions (p less than 0.05) and were equal to absorption from WHO-ORS). These results in a short segment of healthy human jejunum suggest that hypotonic ORS containing monomeric glucose may increase water absorption.
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose PET and Ga-67 Citrate Scintigraphy in a Case of AIDS Lymphoma and Pericarditis
Authors: OWEN POINTON, ANDREW M. SCOTT, SALVATORE BERLANGIERI, W. JOHN McKAY, DAVID GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 32-year-old patient with AIDS was examined by Ga-67 citrate and F-18 FDG PET to stage biopsy-proved gastric non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Ga-67 scan showed increased uptake in the stomach, lungs, and pericardium. The PET study was consistent with lymphomatous involvement in the stomach and lung apices, but no abnormality was evident in the pericardium. The pericardium was not examined by biopsy given the absence of significant symptoms and no large pericardial effusion. The disparity between the Ga-67 and the FDG findings in this region suggested an inflammatory process rather than lymphomatous involvement and highlights the multiple diseases encountered in patients with AIDS. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A non–contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest shows (A) bilateral pulmonary nodules in the apices and (B) a normal pericardial appearance with a small effusion.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: Posterior and anterior planar views obtained 48 hours after Ga-67 citrate injection show abnormal uptake in the stomach and lung apices and prominent pericardial uptake. Endoscopic biopsy of the stomach revealed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: Coronal sections of the F-18 FDG PET study show focal increased glucose metabolism in the stomach and in the lung apices caused by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Normal brain and myocardial glucose metabolism is evident. The pericardium was not visualized.
Paying for bmj.com: Summary of responses
Authors: B. Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—By 21 November 77 readers had responded to Delamothe and Smith's editorial.1,2

Most of them were sanguine about the decision to charge a reasonable fee (£10-20 ($17-34; €14-28)) for access to bmj.com, although the question was raised whether subscribers to the paper journal actually subsidised web users worldwide. Some expressed their thanks for having had free access for so many years and wondered why other journals had not followed suit. The idea that charging was a way to keep the BMJ independent and maintain the breadth and width of subject matter was welcomed.

Several readers from outside the United Kingdom used the website in preference to the paper journal for reasons of cost, although telephone charges across the world vary, as well as the difficulties with telecom infrastructure in some countries.

Nearly all correspondents recommended that different categories of fee should be introduced for different users, not only countries. Correspondents who had reached retirement age were especially anxious that this should be taken into consideration.

The idea that web readers should provide access credentials was viewed with criticism, implying dishonesty on the part of web readers. Several expressed the hope that the access fee might result in a reduced amount of pharmaceutical advertising in the journal. In practical terms, the consensus seemed to be that six months' blocked access after publication, rather than a year, was long enough.

One reader thought that rapid responses and access to Medline should remain free. Others thought that specialists might be made to pay, whereas the public should have free access—a question of influence, whose potential loss worried several correspondents. Worringly, £20 might not be enough to maintain the quality. Sponsorship was one possible alternative.

Among the negative reactions were warnings that subscription budgets might not stretch to including this additional new fee and thus lose the BMJ readers. Also brought into the equation was the fact that the BMJ is a general journal that is of great interest to specialists, who might not read it if they had to pay.

Paying for bmj.com is giving up a vision, wrote one of the later correspondents, and another declared that it was an own goal of greed. Free access helps to make medicine more democratic and accountable. And if access to information is the cornerstone of the health business then perhaps the BMJ Publishing Group should reconsider its position.
Twice-Daily Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Fixed Combination versus Brinzolamide or Brimonidine in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Tin Aung, Guna Laganovska, Tania Josefina Hernandez Paredes, James D. Branch, Alexis Tsorbatzoglou, Ivan Goldberg
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Rifampin, New Hope in the Fight against Tuberculosis
Authors: Dieter Koch-Weser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The paper, "Rifampin in the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections" by Vall-Spinosa et al. (page 616), as well as several other papers presented at the 29th VA-Armed Forces Pulmonary Disease Conference in January, 1970,1 appears to fulfill the hopes expressed by Daniel2 on the basis of an earlier conference. The fact that multiple-drug-resistant, far advanced tuberculosis can be brought to culture conversion and quiescent status in 70 per cent of the cases with "multitherapy" including rifampin and in 53 per cent with the new drug alone, and in all cases without signs of toxicity, indicates that we are probably . . .
455 PREDICTORS OF ONE-YEAR GRAFT SURVIVAL AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION GREATLY DIFFER BETWEEN RECIPIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT HCV INFECTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE LIVER MATCH PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: M. Angelico, T. Marianelli, S. Fagiuoli, G. Grazi, S. Ginanni Corradini, M. Rossi, A. Nardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Adenosine injection into the brachial artery produces ischaemia like pain or discomfort in the forearm
Authors: C. SYLVEN, B. JONZON, B. B FREDHOLM, L. KAIJSER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

To determine whether pain or discomfort could be provoked by adenosine in skeletal muscle and, if so, whether it was dependent on the vasodilatation produced by adenosine, eight male volunteeers were given intra-arterial bolus injections of adenosine and glyceryl trinitrate into the forearm. Local pain was assessed on a scale rate, forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and blood was sampled simultaneously from the deep vein of the same arm. Five different doses of adenosine, ranging between the maximum tolerable and the lowest producing pain or discomfort, were given intra-arterially in random order and repeated in reverse order. Glyceryl trinitrate was given intra-arterially in increasing doses from 1 to 20 μg. Pain or discomfort began 12(l)(SEM) s after administration reached its maximum after 17(1) s, and disappeared after 40(2) s. Pain or discomfort appeared 8(1) s (p<0.001) after the first recorded increase in forearm blood flow, whereas maximum pain or discomfort preceded maximal forearm blood flow by 5(1) s (p<0.00l). The flow remained increased after the disappearance of pain or discomfort. The effects of adenosine on pain or discomfort and vasodilatation were dose dependent. Glyceryl trinitrate provoked a similar increase in flow to that with adenosine without producing pain or discomfort. Arterial occlusion for 5 min at rest or forearm exercise with arterial occlusion increased forearm blood flow to the same extent as the maximum dose of adenosine. In addition, ischaemic work slightly increased the plasma concentration of adenosine. The pain or discomfort after ischaemic work was not considered different from the adenosine provoked pain or discomfort by four of the subjects. It is concluded that the symptoms did not appear to be dependent on vasodilatation and therefore adenosine may contribute to ischaemic pain or discomfort.
Beta-blockers and lipid metabolism.
Authors: S P Deacon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

whereas 19 % of the women on diuretics had hypokalaemia of varying degrees.My conclusions are that the evidence in favour of a general recommendation of potassium supplementation in elderly, non- digitalised cardiac patients on diuretics is insufficient and that elderly women are prob- ably more prone to diuretic-associated hypo- kalaemia than elderly men.R
Biomarker Measurements in a Coastal Fish-Eating Population Environmentally Exposed to Organochlorines
Authors: Pierre Ayotte, Éric Dewailly, George H. Lambert, Sherry L. Perkins, Raymond Poon, Mark Feeley, Christian Larochelle, Daria Pereg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The Lower North Shore region of the St. Lawrence River is home to a fish-eating population that displays an unusually high body burden of several organochlorines, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). We measured biomarkers indicative of liver enzyme induction and investigated the relationship with organochlorine body burden in adult volunteers from this population. We determined plasma concentrations of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) with electron capture detection. DLC concentrations were measured by the dioxin-receptor chemically activated luciferase expression (DR-CALUX) assay and in a subset of participants, by HRGC/high-resolution mass spectrometry. We measured cotinine, d-glucaric acid, and porphyrins in morning urine samples and determined liver CYP1A2 activity in vivo using the caffeine breath test. Neither DLC concentrations as measured by the DR-CALUX nor PCB-153 concentrations, the latter representing total PCB exposure, were correlated with biomarkers of effects. Smoking (morning urinary cotinine concentration) was positively related to CYP1A2 activity as measured by the caffeine breath test (p < 0.01). Liver CYP1A2 activity was in turn negatively correlated with PCB-105:PCB-153 and PCB-118:PCB-153 congener ratios (p < 0.05). Hence, despite the relatively high body burden of PCBs and DLCs in this population, only smoking had a significant correlation with biomarkers of hepatic enzyme induction. Our data are consistent with smoking-induced liver CYP1A2 activity altering heme metabolism and increasing the biotransformation of mono-ortho PCB congeners.