tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection in Circulating Human Monocytes Is Refractory to Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Jens Gieffers, Henriette Füllgraf, Jürgen Jahn, Matthias Klinger, Klaus Dalhoff, Hugo A. Katus, Werner Solbach, Matthias Maass
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Recovery of the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae from atherosclerotic plaques has initiated large studies on antimicrobial therapy in coronary artery disease. The basic concept that antibiotic therapy may eliminate and prevent vascular infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by examining the antibiotic susceptibility of C pneumoniae in circulating human monocytes, which are thought to transport chlamydiae from the respiratory tract to the vascular wall. Methods and Results —Blood monocytes (CD14+) from 2 healthy volunteers were obtained before and after oral treatment with azithromycin or rifampin and then inoculated with a vascular C pneumoniae strain and continuously cultured in the presence of the respective antibiotic. Progress of infection and chlamydial viability was assessed by immunogold-labeling and detection of C pneumoniae –specific mRNA transcripts. Circulating monocytes from patients undergoing treatment with experimental azithromycin for coronary artery disease were examined for C pneumoniae infection by cell culture. Antibiotics did not inhibit chlamydial growth within monocytes. Electron microscopy showed development of chlamydial inclusion bodies. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction demonstrated continuous synthesis of chlamydial mRNA for 10 days without lysis of the monocytes. The in vivo presence of viable pathogen not eliminated by azithromycin was shown by cultural recovery of C pneumoniae from the circulating monocytes of 2 patients with coronary artery disease. Conclusions — C pneumoniae uses monocytes as a transport system for systemic dissemination and enters a persistent state not covered by an otherwise effective antichlamydial treatment. Prevention of vascular infection by antichlamydial treatment may be problematic: circulating monocytes carrying a pathogen with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility might initiate reinfection or promote atherosclerosis by the release of proinflammatory mediators.
Abstract P4-03-02: Mapping breast tissue types by miniature radio-frequency near-field spectroscopy sensor
Authors: Z Kaufman, H Paran, I Haas, P Malinger, T Zehavi, T Karni, I Pappo, J Sandbank, J Diment, T Alweiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The study goal was to test the ability of a miniature flexible RF sensor (Dune Medical Devices), designed to be mounted on the surface of surgical tools, in measuring and mapping the various breast tissue types in terms of electrical properties. This study was part of the first stage in developing a measuring device for use during biopsy procedures. Methods: One hundred and two (102) patients undergoing lumpectomy, open biopsy or mastectomy in 3 medical centers between January and October 2012 were enrolled in this study. The device was applied to numerous sites of freshly excised specimens. Measurement sites were accurately marked, to ensure registration between device measurement and histology analysis. The dielectric properties of the various tissue types were derived from matching between measurements and histology. The correlation between device readings and tissue type, as well as the ability of the device to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant sites, was assessed. Results: A total of 4322 measurements from 102 patients were analyzed. The dielectric properties of 10 tissue types in the low RF frequency (4-30MHz) range were measured, showing distinct differences between the various types. The correlation between the RF measurements, as quantified by a score variable, and the tissue types, is demonstrated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89 - 0.91). Differentiation ability between tissue types is also demonstrated using ROC curve analysis, with AUG of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95 - 0.97), and sensitivity and specificity of 90.2% (95% CI: 84 - 95) and 90.9% (95% CI: 90 - 92), respectively, at feature sizes at or above 0.8 mm in diameter. Conclusions: First results from a radio-frequency near-field spectroscopy miniature flexible sensor evaluate the dielectric properties of various breast tissue types. The results also show promise in differentiating between various breast tissue types, and specifically for differentiation between cancer and normal tissues. The sensor's dimensions (radius of ∼1mm) and flexible design enable use in lumpectomy procedures (for margin assessment) as well as in minimally invasive devices and breast biopsy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-02.
Changes in T-Lymphocyte Subsets in Intravenous Drug Users With HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Joseph B. Margolick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To evaluate changes in T-cell subsets in prevalent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seronegative and seropositive intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and in HIV-1 seropositive IVDUs with known time of seroconversion.Cohort study with a median 18-month follow-up.Community-based clinic established to study the natural history of HIV infection in IVDUs.Eight hundred fifty-nine self-referred IVDUs aged 18 through 49 years who injected drugs within the last 10 years and who did not have an AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)--defining illness; 152 were seronegative for HIV-1, 621 were seropositive, and 86 seroconverted during the study.Proportions and absolute numbers of lymphocytes and CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells as determined at 6-month intervals by flow cytometry and complete blood cell counts with automated differential.Median numbers of CD4 lymphocytes at enrollment were 1061/microL (1.06 x 10(9)/L) for seronegative IVDUs, 508/microL for seropositive IVDUs, and 733/microL for those who seroconverted (enrolled a median of 4.5 months after seroconversion); the corresponding figures for CD8 lymphocytes were 628, 894, and 889/microL, respectively. Median rates of decline in absolute numbers and percentages of CD4 lymphocytes per 6 months were 7.6/microL (0.0%) for seropositive IVDUs and 55.1/microL (1.9%) for IVDUs who seroconverted (median follow-up after seroconversion was 12 months). Multivariate regression analysis that incorporated the within-individual correlation of the CD4 lymphocyte counts showed no significant change in these cells over time and no change due to use of drugs.Our data suggest that progression of HIV-1 infection in IVDUs, as reflected in decline of CD4 cell counts, is no more rapid than that reported for other risk groups.
Treatment of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation by protein C
Authors: Kenji Okajima, Haruo Imamura, Shin Koga, Masayasu Inoue, Kiyoshi Takatsuki, Nobuo Aoki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract The therapeutic effect of highly purified protein C (PC) or activated protein C (APC) on three patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was tested. In two out of three cases, although therapeutic dose of heparin was not effective, PC or APC administration significantly improved the hypercoagulable state. In one case with acute leukemia who developed DIC with the severe gastrointestinal bleeding, APC corrected the hypercoagulable state without aggravating bleeding. These findings suggested that PC and/or APC might be effective in correcting hypercoagulable state without any adverse effect.
669. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) Is Required for Retinal Angiogenesis and Its Inhibition Prevents Retinal Neovascularization
Authors: Enrico M. Surace, Alessandra Tessitore, Gabriella Cotugno, Aniello Vitale, Alberto Auricchio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The ocular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in humans. Recently Shh has been implicated in angiogenesis. Upregulation of the Shh pathway correlates with the induction of critical mediators of vascularization, including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf), and angiopoietin.
Characterization of a carboxyterminal peptide fragment of the human choriogonadotropin beta-subunit excreted in the urine of a woman with choriocarcinoma.
Authors: S Amr, R E Wehmann, S Birken, R E Canfield, B C Nisula
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have observed low-molecular weight carboxyterminal fragments of the human choriogonadotropin (hCG) beta-subunit in the urines of several women with choriocarcinoma, and we have characterized one fragment in detail. Its apparent molecular weight by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 was 14,200. The fragment was not adsorbed to concanavalin A-Sepharose, indicating that it lacked the asparagine-linked carbohydrate groups of intact hCG beta. It was active in radioimmunoassays (RIA) using antisera either to the hCG beta carboxyterminal peptide (CTP) or to the desialylated hCG beta CTP (hCG beta as-CTP), indicating the presence of not only the hCG beta carboxyterminus but also desialylated O-serine-linked carbohydrate side chains on the fragment. It lacked luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin radioreceptor activity and hCG beta conformational immunoreactivity (SB6 RIA). On Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, the elution profiles of this fragment and the hCG beta as-CTP(115-145) prepared by trypsin digestion of as-hCG were essentially indistinguishable (apparent molecular weights 14,200 and 14,000, respectively). The immunological characteristics of the fragment in both hCG beta CTP and hCG beta as-CTP RIA were indistinguishable from those of the hCG beta as-CTP(115-145) glycopeptide. Carboxyterminal fragments of hCG beta were evident in urine specimens obtained from 10 of 11 patients with choriocarcinoma but not in those obtained from normal subjects who were given an intravenous infusion of highly purified hCG. Of six pregnant women, only the one at term excreted carboxyterminal fragments of hCG beta and then only in trace amounts. We conclude that hCG beta carboxyterminal fragments, including one that is indistinguishable from the tryptic glycopeptide hCG beta as-CTP(115-145), can occur naturally in the urine of patients with choriocarcinoma.
Abstract P2-04-02: Overdiagnosis in mammography screening in two randomised trials in Malmö, Sweden – An age specific analysis
Authors: H Jonsson, R Johansson, I Andersson, S Zackrisson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to estimate age-specific overdiagnosis due to mammography screening in the two randomized trials in Malmö, Sweden: The Malmö Mammographic Screening Trial I and II (MMST I and MMST II). SETTING: Women living in Malmö were randomized in a 1:1 proportion to a screening group or a control group. The MMST I included 42,283 women born between 1908 and 1932 and the MMST II included 17,793 women born between 1933 and 1945. Women in the study group were invited from 1976 until 1990 when the control group was invited. The age at randomization was 45-70 years in MMST I and 43-48 years in MMST II. METHODS: Data from the two trials were merged and overdiagnosis was estimated using age specific incidence rates excluding the first years of screening. The age specific relative breast cancer incidence rate for the screening group versus the control group was estimated and adjusted for lead time. Only the first breast cancer diagnosis was considered and results for invasive cancer and carcinoma in situ combined as well as for invasive cancer were calculated. RESULTS: The number of breast cancer cases, including carcinoma in situ, for the period 1976-1989 was 867 and 676 for the study group and the control group, respectively. The rate ratio for overdiagnosis in age 43-78 years adjusted for lead time was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.93-1.16). No overdiagnosis from subsequent screening was found for women below the age of 60. In women aged 60-69 and 70-78 years overdiagnosis was estimated at 1.13 (0.95-1.33) and 1.15 (0.85-1.54), respectively. The corresponding results for invasive cancer only was lower and no overdiagnosis was seen except for the age group 60-69 years where the rate ratio was 1.10 (0.92-1.32). For age 43-78 the result was 0.96 (0.85-1.08). CONCLUSIONS For the total material overdiagnosis from subsequent screening, including carcinoma in situ, was 4%. This is somewhat lower than an earlier evaluation of MMST I where age were higher and another method was used. For women below the age of 60 no overdiagnosis was seen and indicated that the possible problem with overdiagnosis concern women 60+. However none of the results were statistically significant at the 5% level. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-04-02.
Hazardous cosleeping environments and risk factors amenable to change: case-control study of SIDS in south west England
Authors: P. S. Blair, P. Sidebotham, C. Evason-Coombe, M. Edmonds, E. M. A. Heckstall-Smith, P. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate the factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) from birth to age 2 years, whether recent advice has been followed, whether any new risk factors have emerged, and the specific circumstances in which SIDS occurs while cosleeping (infant sharing the same bed or sofa with an adult or child). <b>Design</b> Four year population based case-control study. Parents were interviewed shortly after the death or after the reference sleep (within 24 hours) of the two control groups. <b>Setting</b> South west region of England (population 4.9 million, 184 800 births). <b>Participants</b> 80 SIDS infants and two control groups weighted for age and time of reference sleep: 87 randomly selected controls and 82 controls at high risk of SIDS (young, socially deprived, multiparous mothers who smoked). <b>Results</b> The median age at death (66 days) was more than three weeks less than in a study in the same region a decade earlier. Of the SIDS infants, 54% died while cosleeping compared with 20% among both control groups. Much of this excess may be explained by a significant multivariable interaction between cosleeping and recent parental use of alcohol or drugs (31% <i>v</i> 3% random controls) and the increased proportion of SIDS infants who had coslept on a sofa (17% <i>v</i> 1%). One fifth of SIDS infants used a pillow for the last sleep (21% <i>v</i> 3%) and one quarter were swaddled (24% <i>v</i> 6%). More mothers of SIDS infants than random control infants smoked during pregnancy (60% <i>v</i> 14%), whereas one quarter of the SIDS infants were preterm (26% <i>v</i> 5%) or were in fair or poor health for the last sleep (28% <i>v</i> 6%). All of these differences were significant in the multivariable analysis regardless of which control group was used for comparison. The significance of covering the infant’s head, postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke, dummy use, and sleeping in the side position has diminished although a significant proportion of SIDS infants were still found prone (29% <i>v</i> 10%). <b>Conclusions</b> Many of the SIDS infants had coslept in a hazardous environment. The major influences on risk, regardless of markers for socioeconomic deprivation, are amenable to change and specific advice needs to be given, particularly on use of alcohol or drugs before cosleeping and cosleeping on a sofa.
Mitral Stenosis Presenting with Acute Hearing Loss
Authors: Chamutal Gur, Gadi Lalazar, Guy Raphaeli, Dan Gilon, Eldad Ben-Chetrit
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

A 47-year old woman presented with acute hearing loss, followed by dyspnea and then reduced consciousness and a hemiparesis. Investigations led to a diagnosis of cardiac emboli related to rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Abstract 3180: Gastrokine 1 inhibits Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Junghwan Yoon, WonSang Park, Won Seok Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori CagA directly injected by the bacterium into epithelial cells via a type IV secretion system, leads to cellular changes such as morphology, apoptosis, proliferation and cell mortality, and stimulates gastric carcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of CagA and GKN1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, ROS production, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in CagA or GKN1 transfected gastric epithelial cells and tissues from humans and mice infected with H. pylori. We studied whether H. pylori CagA regulates gene copy number and expression of GKN1 in gastric cells and tissues of both humans and mice. On a molecular level, H. pylori CagA induced increased cell proliferation, ROS production, anti-apoptotic activity, and cell migration and invasion, and activation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and epithelial mesenchymal transition-related proteins. In addition, H. pylori CagA reduced GKN1 gene copy number and expression in gastric cells and tissues of humans and mice. However, GKN1 overexpression successfully suppressed these carcinogenic effects through directly binding to CagA. These study identifies GKN1 as pharmacological target that inhibits the development and progression of gastric cancers via suppression of H. pylori CagA-induced carcinogenic potential. Additionally, we propose that GKN1 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for H. pylori CagA status, gastritis and gastric cancers. Citation Format: Junghwan Yoon, WonSang Park, Won Seok Choi. Gastrokine 1 inhibits Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced gastric carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3180. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3180
Interaction Between the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR), Stressful Life Events, and Risk of Depression
Authors: Neil Risch, Richard Herrell, Thomas Lehner, Kung-Yee Liang, Lindon Eaves, Josephine Hoh, Andrea Griem, Maria Kovacs, Jurg Ott, Kathleen Ries Merikangas
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Substantial resources are being devoted to identify candidate genes for complex mental and behavioral disorders through inclusion of environmental exposures following the report of an interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events on an increased risk of major depression.<h3>Objective</h3>To conduct a meta-analysis of the interaction between the serotonin transporter gene and stressful life events on depression using both published data and individual-level original data.<h3>Data Sources</h3>Search of PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases through March 2009 yielded 26 studies of which 14 met criteria for the meta-analysis.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Criteria for studies for the meta-analyses included published data on the association between 5-HTTLPR genotype (SS, SL, or LL), number of stressful life events (0, 1, 2, ≥3) or equivalent, and a categorical measure of depression defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) or use of a cut point to define depression from standardized rating scales. To maximize our ability to use a common framework for variable definition, we also requested original data from all studies published prior to 2008 that met inclusion criteria. Of the 14 studies included in the meta-analysis, 10 were also included in a second sex-specific meta-analysis of original individual-level data.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of the number of short alleles at 5-HTTLPR, the number of stressful life events, and their interaction on depression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated separately for each study and then weighted averages of the individual estimates were obtained using random-effects meta-analysis. Both sex-combined and sex-specific meta-analyses were conducted. Of a total of 14 250 participants, 1769 were classified as having depression; 12 481 as not having depression.<h3>Results</h3>In the meta-analysis of published data, the number of stressful life events was significantly associated with depression (OR, 1.41; 95% CI,1.25-1.57). No association was found between 5-HTTLPR genotype and depression in any of the individual studies nor in the weighted average (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98-1.13) and no interaction effect between genotype and stressful life events on depression was observed (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.94-1.10). Comparable results were found in the sex-specific meta-analysis of individual-level data.<h3>Conclusion</h3>This meta-analysis yielded no evidence that the serotonin transporter genotype alone or in interaction with stressful life events is associated with an elevated risk of depression in men alone, women alone, or in both sexes combined.
Prompt Response, Multidisciplinary Care Key to Reducing Diabetic Foot Amputation
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Involving a multidisciplinary team of clinicians early in the care of patients with diabetic foot infections is crucial to preventing foot amputations, according to a new guideline from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) (http://tinyurl.com/bo5set7).
A randomized controlled trial comparing ligation and sclerotherapy as emergency endoscopic treatment added to somatostatin in acute variceal bleeding
Authors: Càndid Villanueva, Marta Piqueras, Carles Aracil, Cristina Gómez, Josep M. López-Balaguer, Begoña Gonzalez, Adolfo Gallego, Xavier Torras, Germà Soriano, Sergio Sáinz, Salvador Benito, Joaquim Balanzó
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Standing of Queen's Medical College, Kingston, Ont
Authors: J. C. Connell
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> InThe Journal, July 2, there is a note on page 38, under Canadian news, on "The Carnegie Foundation Report and Canadian Medical Colleges," which contains such a serious misstatement that I am forced to protest against it and to ask you to give this equal publicity. The item reads: "According to this report four of the eight medical colleges would meet the needs of medical education in Canada. These are Toronto, McGill, Manitoba and Laval at Quebec." Now the Carnegie report (page 326) reads thus: "At this moment the needs of the Dominion could be met by the four better English schools and the Laval department at Quebec." The Kingston school is one of the "four better English schools." It ranks next to McGill in point of size and efficiency, and it is placed in "Class A" by the Council on Medical Education of the American
Run for Your Life: The Reaction of Some Professionals to a Person With Cancer
Authors: Marianne Amir, Gregory P. Kalemkerian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools ART OF ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.107 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 14512402 Run for Your Life: The Reaction of Some Professionals to a Person With Cancer Marianne AmirxMarianne AmirSearch for articles by this author , Gregory P. KalemkerianxGregory P. KalemkerianSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Departments of Behavioral Sciences and Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and the Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.107 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology