tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Very preterm babies at greater risk of slow development
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

New technology for keeping alive extremely premature babies has boosted their survival—but these children still lag behind their peers and struggle with maths, reading, and spelling in school.

To evaluate the effect of being very preterm, Dr Peter Anderson of the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne and colleagues compared 275 children aged 8 years who had been born extremely small or very prematurely with 223 children of the same age but who were normal weight at birth.

The children …
Europe agrees complete ban on tobacco advertising by 2006
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

All tobacco advertising in the European Union will be gradually scaled down from 2001 and banned completely five years later under a landmark agreement reached by European Union health ministers last week.

Although many antitobacco organisations would have liked the new legislation to have been even stricter (it allows several temporary exemptions) and to have come fully into force earlier, they have still welcomed the breakthrough in the long running negotiations. “Obviously we would have much preferred a shorter time scale,” said Andrew Hayes, EU liaison officer for the Association of European Cancer Leagues. “However, it has taken several years to get this far, without knowing that the directive would be …
In-Hospital Outcome of Elderly Patients With Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction and Right Ventricular Involvement
Authors: Héctor Bueno, Ramón López-Palop, Javier Bermejo, José L. López-Sendón, Juan L. Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1997)

There are some specific high-risk subgroups of patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, such as older patients and those with right ventricular involvement. However, the clinical implications of right ventricular infarction in elderly subjects have not been studied previously.To determine the clinical impact of right ventricular involvement in elderly patients with inferior myocardial infarction, we studied the in-hospital outcome of 198 consecutive patients > or = 75 years of age with a first acute inferior myocardial infarction according to the presence of ECG or echocardiographic criteria of right ventricular infarction. In patients with right ventricular involvement (41%), in-hospital case fatality rate was 47% (mainly because of nonreversible low cardiac output cardiogenic shock) compared with 10% in patients without right ventricular involvement (P<.001). Patients with right ventricular involvement also had a significantly higher incidence of cardiogenic shock (32% versus 5%), which was independent of left ventricular ejection fraction, complete AV block (33% versus 9%), and interventricular septal rupture (9% versus 0%). After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes, shock on admission, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and complete AV block, right ventricular infarction remained a powerful independent predictor of in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 14.2).Elderly patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction have a substantially increased risk of death during hospitalization when right ventricular involvement is present. The poorer outcome is due mainly to the high incidence of cardiogenic shock and its infrequent reversibility.
Why I worry about large international studies
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Recently a reader pointed me to a large, international multicentre trial published in a leading medical journal. This type of research is thrust under the noses of doctors and regulators the world over, presented as evidence beyond refute. Research is better than any marketing campaign, and can be worth billions in drug sales worldwide. Here are some words of caution about this evidence.

Large studies are large for one reason only: the impact of the intervention is so small that only a large study will detect it. How large a study was needed to show the …
Middle-of-Night Airliner Drama Brings Record Number of Patients to Physician at Remote Site
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IT IS the early hours of the morning April 6 at one of the Air Force's most remote US bases—Shemya in the Aleutian Islands, closer to Tokyo (2255 km [1400 miles] away in Japan) than to Anchorage (2900 km [1800 miles] away in the same state of Alaska). One physician—Laura E. Towne, MD—is assigned to the small clinic that cares for Shemya's 600 active-duty personnel, whose families are not allowed to accompany them on this tour of duty.  Towne, an Air Force captain and flight surgeon, is awakened and advised that a China Eastern airliner, flying from the airline's Shanghai base to Los Angeles, Calif, at 10250m (33 000 feet) with 255 persons aboard, suddenly pitched violently, killing one passenger and injuring many others. Because the airliner, a relatively new McDonnell Douglas MD-11 trijet, is severely damaged and the crew is uncertain how long it can remain in the air,
A SET OF UTERINE DILATORS.
Authors: HENRY T. BYFORD
Journal: JAMA (1895)

I have here a set of uterine dilators, designed for the purpose of keeping the cervix moderately dilated and thus maintaining uterine drainage in cases of endometritis with imperfectly developed or contracted cervices. These are stiff in the center, but will bend quite easily on the end. They can be used in a retroverted or an anteverted uterus. In my office practice I use the two smaller sizes, and the larger ones after curettage to keep a poorly developed cervix dilated until the tendency to contract passes off. It is passed through the internal os twice a week, for a few times, and later once a week until the dilatation has been maintained for three or four months. The vaginal fornices should be cleansed with a 5 per cent. solution of carbolic acid before they are introduced and an intra-uterine application of a 25 per cent. solution of ichthyol in
Abstract 2843: Recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing CD40L: a multipotent antitumor immunogenic reagent.
Authors: Evangelos Panopoulos, Emanuele Trella, Nermin Raafat, Chantal Mengus, Giulio Spagnoli, Paul Zajac
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) is one of the most immunogenic viral vectors. Its immunogenicity can be further modulated by the insertion of transgenes or deletion of viral genes which are involved in immune responses or specific cellular pathways. We generated a rVV encoding human CD154 (CD40L) and confirmed an efficient licensing of antigen presenting cells (APC), upon infection with a non-replicating (psoralen UV-inactivated) CD40L-rVV, as demonstrated by increased expression of (i) surface ligand/receptors (MHC I/II, CD80), (ii) Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IL-15, TNFa) and most importantly (iii) an increased capacity to stimulate TAA specific CTL proliferation. The hereby presented results are further characterizing some aspects of the pleiotropic roles in immuno-oncology of CD40 triggering via CD40L expressing recombinant vaccinia virus. One of the immuno-modulatory functions of CD40L-CD40 is to play a key role during CD8+ priming for the generation of memory responses. Using sorted naive CD8+ Tcells (CD45RA+CD62L+) primed with allogeneic CD14+ infected with rVV 40L we observed an increased central memory phenotype (CD45RO+ CD62L+) as compared to culture primed with wild type virus infected cells. Moreover, rVV-CD40L stimulation of CD14+ cells also led to the inhibition of co-cultured tumor cells’ proliferation, correlating with increased TNFα expression. Finally, apoptosis of CD40+ tumor cell lines was induced upon direct infection with this CD40L non-replicating recombinant virus. These data are confirming the potent capacities of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing CD40L to efficiently trigger multiple CD40 mediated anti-tumor pathways. Not only this vector enhances the generation of tumor specific CD8+ T cells effector and memory responses, but it also promotes anti-tumoral functions of innate immune cells and is even able to directly induce apoptosis in CD40+ tumor cells. These in-vitro observations underline the strong clinical potential of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CD40L in cancer viro- and immunotherapies. Citation Format: Evangelos Panopoulos, Emanuele Trella, Nermin Raafat, Chantal Mengus, Giulio Spagnoli, Paul Zajac. Recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing CD40L: a multipotent antitumor immunogenic reagent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2843
Nigerian immunisation programme sees results
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The National Programme on Immunisation (NPI) has just released a report that shows a continuing and dramatic decline in the incidence of fatal childhood diseases in Nigeria.

Diseases covered by the report include tetanus, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles, tuberculosis, yellow fever, and cerebrospinal meningitis, which have been responsible …
The Health of the Republic: Epidemics, Medicine and Moralisms as Challenges to Democracy
Authors: Seymour Krevsky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As is often the case with a book of this nature, the title is misleading. It is not primarily a treatise on the state of the health of our republic or a study of epidemics peculiar to our country, so much as it is concerned with the inadequacy of the medical care available to much of our nation and a presentation for restructuring our health care policies and priorities. From the very brief biographical sketch on the book's cover, we are aware that the author is an academic person, serving as professor of health policy and administration in the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. It is further noted that he is on leave to the New York State Department of Public Health, but no mention is made of the capacity of consultation. With a previously published work on alcoholism to his credit, the
Your hospital was a ‘clan’, now it’s ‘rational’
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Look around you and you might be surprised to learn that the culture of your hospital is changing. For years, policy wonks complained that the major barrier to improving clinical care and productivity was the intransigent culture of healthcare organizations. If you want to achieve change, the argument goes, change the culture.
Extensive evolutionary and functional diversity among mammalian AIM2-like receptors
Authors: Rebecca L. Brunette, Janet M. Young, Deborah G. Whitley, Igor E. Brodsky, Harmit S. Malik, Daniel B. Stetson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Innate immune detection of nucleic acids is important for initiation of antiviral responses. Detection of intracellular DNA activates STING-dependent type I interferons (IFNs) and the ASC-dependent inflammasome. Certain members of the AIM2-like receptor (ALR) gene family contribute to each of these pathways, but most ALRs remain uncharacterized. Here, we identify five novel murine ALRs and perform a phylogenetic analysis of mammalian ALRs, revealing a remarkable diversification of these receptors among mammals. We characterize the expression, localization, and functions of the murine and human ALRs and identify novel activators of STING-dependent IFNs and the ASC-dependent inflammasome. These findings validate ALRs as key activators of the antiviral response and provide an evolutionary and functional framework for understanding their roles in innate immunity.
Relationship of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake to Peripheral Neuropathy Among Adults With Diabetes in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004
Authors: Min Tao, Margaret A. McDowell, Sharon H. Saydah, Mark S. Eberhardt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

This study investigated the association between dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and peripheral neuropathy in the U.S. population.We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004 for adults >or=40 years of age with diagnosed diabetes, an assessment of peripheral neuropathy, and reliable 24-h dietary recall. The dietary intake of PUFAs was analyzed by peripheral neuropathy status. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of having peripheral neuropathy in higher quintiles of PUFA intake compared with the lowest quintile.The mean dietary intake of linolenic acid was 1.25 +/- 0.07 g among adults with peripheral neuropathy, significantly lower than the 1.45 +/- 0.05 g intake among those without peripheral neuropathy. After controlling for potential confounding variables, adults whose linolenic acid intake was in the highest quintile had lower odds of peripheral neuropathy than adults in the lowest quintile (adjusted odds ratio 0.40 [95% CI 0.21-0.77]).Among adults with diagnosed diabetes, dietary intake of linolenic acid is positively associated with lower odds of peripheral neuropathy.
Method of Reducing Strength of Solutions.
Authors: HUGHLETT Hardcastle
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Baltimore, Jan. 16, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —By accident, a few years ago, I discovered this simple but accurate method of reducing the strength of solutions, and finding it so useful in my special line, viz., throat and nose work, I hope you will publish it and that it may prove of value to some fellow practitioner. It is as follows: Of the original solution take a number of parts equal to the percentage to which it is desired to reduce and thereto add a sufficient number of parts of the diluting substance (as of water) so that the sum of the two will be equal to the percentage of the original solution. As, for example, to reduce a 10 per cent, solution to a 4 per cent. solution: Take 4 parts of the 10 per cent, solution and add thereto 6 parts of water, and so obtain the desired
Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Rural China: The Handan Eye Study
Authors: Feng Hua Wang, Yuan Bo Liang, Feng Zhang, Jie Jin Wang, Wen Bin Wei, Qiu Shan Tao, Lan Ping Sun, David S. Friedman, Ning Li Wang, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
CASE of CEREBELLAR ABSCESS FOLLOWING MIDDLE-EAR DISEASE: Failure of Respiration during Administration of Anaesthetic: Trephining: Restoration of Respiratory Function for Nearly Thirty Hours: Death
Authors: J. G. Andrew
Journal: BMJ (1903)

CEREBELLAR ABSCESS.1M ibom t021Progres8.-OnAugust x5th, at 7.45 a.m., he complained of sharp pain over the left half of the forehead, and of a feeling of fullness in the left eye, which was aggravated by light.The pain was temporarily relieved by vomiting, wbich, however, was scanty, and not very frequent.He also complained of pain in the epigastrium, and there was slight tenderness in this region.The action of the heart was quick and somewhat irregular, and the pulse feeble; there was no rise of temperature, and the urine remained free from albumen.Beyond a slight increase in the degree of ptosis and some congestion of the conjunctiva there was no change in the ocular condition at this time.During the course of the day the headache continued uinabated, and paresis of the leit eye muscles steadily increased.Next morning there was absolute ptosis, and the whole of the muscles supplied by the third nerve were completely paralysed, the eye being strongly everted and the pupil dilated to its utmost extent.The fourth and sixth nerves were unaf- fected.The exaggeration of the knee-jerks was more marked than before, and there was just a trace of to-and-fro movement on testing for ankle clonus.The plantar reflexes were of the flexor type.The urine was still free from albumen and the temperature remained normal.By the following evening the pain had nearly subsided, the eyelid could be partially opened, and there were signs of some return of power in the paralysed muscles.On August 17th the patient was free from pain and felt well; the eye had returned to its original condition, excsept for some remaining congestion of the conjunctiva.Figs. 2 and 3 show the con- . . .: . . . .
Male dyspareunia due to short frenulum: an indication for adult circumcision.
Authors: P Whelan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

including those that could have been transmitted by the bite gave negative results.These investigations included a complement fixation test for Q fever, malarial fluorescent antibody tests, schistosomal and filarial comple- ment fixation tests, the rapid plasma reagin test and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination test, and a search of blood for trypanosomes.Serum was then examined for an extended range of antibodies to West African viruses (ETWB).Antibodies against Le Dantec virus were found in significant titre (1/16).No other viral antibodies were detected. CommentThe question of a causal relationship between the insect bite, the infection, and the subsequent Parkinsonism must remain proble- matic, but there can be little doubt that the febrile illness after the bite occurred when the Le Dantec virus infection was acquired, for the patient had never been to West Africa and had had no other incident so far as he could recall during which he had been bitten while on a ship that had been to West Africa.Many viruses can cause encephalitis, and involvement of the basal ganglia is well recognised in certain viral infections, particularly those with Japanese B, St Louis, and Murray Valley viruses.It is particularly notable, however, that in the Internationial Catalogue of Arboviruses' Le Dantec virus, on being inoculated into suckling mice, is reported to have produced "severe lesions of encephalitis with important destruction of the neurones of the cerebrum (cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus) less acute in the spinal cord.Perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells.No myositis."In view of this there was probably a causal relationship between the bite with the infection it conveyed and the subsequent development of Parkinsonism.The case is notable in focusing attention on the need for vigilance in containing viral infections that could be transmitted by insects carried on transport arriving from Africa.Secondly, it provides suggestive information that Le Dantec virus, like certain other viruses, is capable of damaging the basal ganglia of the,brain.
t(3;12)(q26;q14) in polycythemia vera is associated with upregulation of the HMGA2 gene
Authors: C T Storlazzi, F Albano, C Locunsolo, A Lonoce, S Funes, M C Guastadisegni, L Cimarosto, L Impera, P D'Addabbo, I Panagopoulos, G Specchia, M Rocchi
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Mutations and Treatment Outcome in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Richard F. Schlenk, Konstanze Döhner, Jürgen Krauter, Stefan Fröhling, Andrea Corbacioglu, Lars Bullinger, Marianne Habdank, Daniela Späth, Michael Morgan, Axel Benner, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Gerhard Heil, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Mutations occur in several genes in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells: the nucleophosmin gene (NPM1), the fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3), the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α gene (CEPBA), the myeloid–lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia gene (MLL), and the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS). We evaluated the associations of these mutations with clinical outcomes in patients.
A Note on the Parasitic Protozoa Lately Found in Cancer
Authors: H. G. Plimmer
Journal: BMJ (1892)

the present moment much is being written, both in England and abroad, concerning the parasitic origin of cancer, and as I have had opportunities of examining several cases lately, with reference to this parasitic origin, I wish to place the few following observations on record.The protozoa, which have been discovered in cancerous tumours, have been most carefully described by Dr.
Committee on the Costs &amp;amp; Medical Care
Authors: Michael M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1961)

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Randomised controlled trial of educational package on management of menorrhagia in primary care: the Anglia menorrhagia education study
Authors: G. R K Fender, A. Prentice, T. Gorst, R. M Nixon, S. W Duffy, N. E Day, S. K Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether an educational package could influence the management of menorrhagia, increase the appropriateness of choice of non-hormonal treatment, and reduce referral rates from primary to secondary care. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting:</b> General practices in East Anglia. <b>Subjects:</b> 100 practices (348 doctors) in primary care were recruited and randomised to intervention (54) and control (46). <b>Interventions:</b> An educational package based on principles of "academic detailing" with independent academics was given in small practice based interactive groups with a visual presentation, a printed evidence based summary, a graphic management flow chart, and a follow up meeting at 6 months. <b>Outcome measures:</b> All practices recorded consultation details, treatments offered, and outcomes for women with regular heavy menstrual loss (menorrhagia) over 1 year. <b>Results:</b> 1001 consultation data sheets for menorrhagia were returned. There were significantly fewer referrals (20% <i>v</i> 29%; odds ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.99) and a significantly higher use of tranexamic acid (odds ratio 2.38; 1.61 to 3.49) in the intervention group but no overall difference in norethisterone treatment compared with controls. There were more referrals when tranexamic acid was given with norethisterone than when it was given alone. Those practices reporting fewer than 10 cases showed the highest increase in prescribing of tranexamic acid. <b>Conclusions:</b> The educational package positively influenced referral for menorrhagia and treatment with appropriate non-hormonal drugs.