tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spend (slightly) less on health and more on the arts
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

> When power leads man toward arrogance, poetry reminds him of his limitations. When power narrows the areas of man's concern, poetry reminds him of the richness and diversity of his experience. When power corrupts, poetry cleanses. For art establishes the basic human truths which must serve as the touchstones of our judgement. The artist … faithful to his personal vision of reality, becomes the last champion of the individual mind and sensibility against an intrusive society and an offensive state.
> 
> John F Kennedy 
The British government spends about £50 billion a year on health care and £300 million supporting the arts. My contention is that diverting 0.5% of the healthcare budget to the arts would improve the health of people in Britain. Such a move would of course be highly unpopular. When asked whether a tax financed increase in spending on health would be good for the country as a whole, 74% say yes.1 Only 7% say yes for increased spending on culture and the arts.

The first problem with advancing such an unpopular argument is to define health. It must be more than “the absence of disease,” despite that being the working definition used by misnamed health services. Such a definition is inadequate not only because of its narrowness and negativity but also because “disease” itself is so hard to define.2 The World Health Organization's definition of health as complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing understandably …
Discovery of Paralogous Nuclear Gene Sequences Coding for the Second-Largest Subunit of RNA Polymerase II (RPB2) and Their Phylogenetic Utility in Gentianales of the Asterids
Authors: Bengt Oxelman, Birgitta Bremer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Paralogous sequences of the RPB2 gene are demonstrated in the angiosperm order Gentianales. Two different copies were found by using different PCR primer pairs targeting a region that corresponds to exons 22–24 in the Arabidopsis RPB2 gene. One of the copies (RPB2-d) lacks introns in this region, whereas the other has introns at locations corresponding to those of green plants previously investigated. When analyzed with other available RPB2 sequences from this region, all 28 RPB2-d sequences obtained from the Gentianales and the four sequences from the Lamiales form a monophyletic group, together with a previously published tomato cDNA sequence. The substitution patterns, relative rates of change, and nucleotide compositions of the two paralogous RPB2 exon regions are similar, and none of them shows any signs of being a pseudogene. Although multiple copies of similar, paralogous sequences can confound phylogenetic interpretations, the lack of introns in RPB2-d make a priori homology assessment easy. The phylogenetic utility of RPB2-d within the Gentianales is evaluated in comparison with the chloroplast genes ndhF and rbcL. The hierarchical information in the RPB2-d region sequenced is more incongruent with that of the plastid genes than the plastid genes are with each other as determined by incongruence length difference tests. In contrast to the plastid genes, parsimony-informative third codon positions of RPB2 have a significantly higher rate of change than first and second positions. Topologically, the trees from the three genes are similar, and the differences are usually only weakly supported. In terms of support, RPB2 gives the highest jackknife support per sequenced nucleotide, whereas ndhF gives the highest Bremer support per sequenced nucleotide. The RPB2-d locus has the potential to be a valuable nuclear marker for determination of phylogenetic relationships within the euasterid I group of plants.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique by reference centers for HER2 status determination in metastatic breast cancer: quality assurance results of FISH 2002 study.
Authors: F Penault-Llorca, B Lannes, A Vincent-Salomon, G MacGrogan, M Vilain, V Fermeaux, I Treilleux, C Blanc-Fournier, A Leroux, M Antoine, F Ettore, C Charpin, J Jacquemier, G Escourrou, M Lacroix-Triki, P Gosset, C Sagan, L Arnould, J Couturier
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2069 Background: Concordance between IHC and FISH in local and regional centers was evaluated in the FISH 2002 Study. Primary metastatic breast cancer (MBC) tumor samples were tested by IHC for HER2 status according to in-house techniques at 18 regional (n=871) and 81 peripheral (n=670) centers in France between 2002 and 2006. All samples were tested by FISH at regional centers [Penault-Llorca et al. SABCS 2006]. This second part of the study comprises quality assurance evaluation of FISH techniques.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 464 cases were selected according to the protocol and were either re-assessed using archived pictures or retested by 3 reference centers (Clermont-Ferrand, Strasbourg, Paris-Curie). 246 samples were re-assessed and 166 were retested.&amp;#x2028; Results:Global discordance combining re-assessment and retesting results was 10.7% in the first half of the study and 5.1% in the second part (p=0.041).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: Concordance was excellent for negative (100%) and IHC 2+ cases (97%). Among low amplification cases (≥6 and &amp;lt;8 copies), 70% were concordant: discordant cases were mainly interpretation pitfalls of polysomic cases, emphasizing the importance of double-stained FISH analyses. These quality assurance results demonstrate that overall concordance and quality of HER2 status determined by FISH has improved significantly over time. This improvement is likely to be related to introduction of rigorous quality control procedures, training, and education, all of which should be continued. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2069.
Better Care for Older People With Chronic Diseases
Authors: David B. Reuben
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The proactive wet-wrap method with diluted corticosteroids versus emollients in children with atopic dermatitis: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Sherief R. Janmohamed, Arnold P. Oranje, Arjan C. Devillers, Dimitris Rizopoulos, Marinus C.G. van Praag, Dirk Van Gysel, Marleen Goeteyn, Flora B. de Waard-van der Spek
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
A community cluster of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus exhibiting cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir in Japan, November to December 2013
Authors: E Takashita, M Ejima, R Itoh, M Miura, A Ohnishi, H Nishimura, T Odagiri, M Tashiro
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Six influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were detected in Sapporo, Japan, between November and December 2013. All six viruses possessed an H275Y substitution in the neuraminidase protein, which confers cross-resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir. No epidemiological link among the six cases could be identified; none of them had received neuraminidase inhibitors before specimen collection. The haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the six viruses were closely related to one another, suggesting clonal spread of a single resistant virus.
Development of insulin-dependent diabetes in adult-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Authors: R J Young, L J Duncan, L Paton, P L Yap
Journal: BMJ (1981)

that before plasmapheresis the ability of the patient's platelet-poor plasma to stimulate release of PGI2 from "exhausted" rat aortic rings was reduced'; this was accompanied by subnormal production of endogenous PGI2, as measured by the plasma concentration of 6-keto-prostaglandin Fn,, the stable in-vivo degradation product of PGI2 (normal adult range 100-381 pg/ml).Both these abnormalities returned to approximately normal at the completion of the second plasmapheresis, falling to intermediate values six days later.Despite improvement in these haematological variables there was no demonstrable change in the deteriorating renal function.Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis were required, initially intermittently and then on a chronic basis.
Identification of the Substrate of Atrial Vulnerability in Patients With Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hemanth Ramanna, Richard N. W. Hauer, Fred H. M. Wittkampf, Jacques M. T. de Bakker, Eric F. D. Wever, Arif Elvan, Etienne O. Robles de Medina
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Experimental studies have shown that atrial fibrillation (AF) causes remodeling, which facilitates AF perpetuation. AF may also, however, occur in patients without remodeling and underlying structural cardiac disease. The substrate for enhanced vulnerability in these patients is unknown. Methods and Results —We studied 43 patients without structural heart disease: 18 patients with documented sporadic paroxysmal AF and 25 control patients without AF. In each patient, a decapolar catheter was positioned against the right atrial free wall, and a quadripolar catheter was positioned in the right atrial appendage. Unipolar electrograms were recorded. Atrial vulnerability was assessed according to an increasingly aggressive stimulation protocol. Mean local fibrillatory interval (FI) was used as an index of local refractoriness. Spatial dispersion of refractoriness was assessed through the calculation of the coefficient of dispersion (CD), which was defined as the SD of mean local FI expressed as a percentage of the mean FI. In the AF group, AF was induced with a single extrastimulus in 16 of 18 patients; the CD was 5.4±2.6, and the mean FI was 164±29 ms. In the control group, AF could be induced only with more aggressive pacing in 23 of the 25 patients; the CD was 1.4±0.7 ( P &lt;0.0001), and the mean FI was 175±26 ms (NS). Conclusions —Patients with idiopathic AF showed increased dispersion of refractoriness, which may be the substrate for the observed enhanced inducibility and spontaneous occurrence of AF.
Detecting Occult Coronary Disease in a High-Risk Asymptomatic Population
Authors: Roger S. Blumenthal, Diane M. Becker, Lisa R. Yanek, Thomas R. Aversano, Taryn F. Moy, Brian G. Kral, Lewis C. Becker
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Exercise stress testing alone or with perfusion imaging is the standard screening method to determine the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in people with chest pain. In asymptomatic individuals with a family history of premature CAD, it is unclear whether abnormalities on these functional exercise tests represent significant coronary disease.An abnormal exercise test, thallium scan, or both occurred in 153 (21%) of 734 asymptomatic siblings of persons with documented CAD, of whom 105 underwent coronary angiography with quantitative analysis of stenosis severity. Overall, 95% had coronary atherosclerosis, but only 39% had 1 or more stenoses with >or=50% narrowing. Of 30 siblings in whom the exercise test and perfusion scan were both abnormal, 70% had >or=50% stenoses. The mean stenosis in arteries that fed perfusion defects was only 43+/-31%, and 68% of such stenoses were <50%. However, in 71% of all defects, the location matched arteries with the most severe stenoses.In asymptomatic persons with a family history of CAD, abnormal exercise scintigraphy identifies predominantly mild coronary atherosclerosis. Perfusion defects may be caused by coronary vasomotor dysfunction in addition to atherosclerotic plaque.
Challenging the Feasibility and Clinical Significance of Current Guidelines on Lymph Node Examination in Rectal Cancer in the Era of Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Anand Govindarajan, Mithat Gönen, Martin R. Weiser, Jinru Shia, Larissa K. Temple, Jose G. Guillem, Philip B. Paty, Garrett M. Nash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We sought to examine the feasibility and clinical significance of current guidelines on nodal assessment in patients with rectal cancer (RC) treated with neoadjuvant radiation.
Ulcerative colitis complicated by complete heart block.
Authors: J D Fear, W N Hutton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Because epidemiologic and in vitro evidence conflict, the authors studied the association between smoking and Alzheimer disease (AD) in 46 never, 47 former, and 15 active smokers with AD followed to autopsy. Disease parameters were examined by smoking status and amount smoked in bivariate tests and in multivariate models controlling for age, sex, education, and <i>APOE</i> status. Smoking status was not associated with cognitive or neuropathologic measures. However, active smokers were significantly younger at death and higher levels of smoking were associated with shorter disease duration.
Abstract 1563: Role of EGFR during the transition of inflammation to dysplasia in a colitis-associated colon cancer model
Authors: Beatriz Pagan-Ortiz, Angel A. Isidro, Domenico Coppola, Jie Wu, Caroline B. Appleyard
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The underlying mechanisms in ulcerative colitis-associated dysplasia are poorly understood. Neurokinin-1 receptors (NK-1R) have been shown to be involved in chronic colonic inflammation, and we have demonstrated their over-expression in patients with dysplasia. The NK-1R has been found to crosstalk with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is related to the development of some cancers including colorectal cancer. Erlotinib, a potent inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, has been shown to inhibit the intracellular EGFR signaling pathway and to block non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic tumor growth; however its role in the genesis of dysplasia is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EGFR in a novel model of colitis-associated dysplasia using a small molecule inhibitor, Erlotinib. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats received trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS; 30 mg in 50% ethanol, ic.), followed six weeks later by reactivation with TNBS (5 mg/kg, iv.) for three days. To induce colitis-associated dysplasia, the rats then received TNBS (iv.) twice a week for ten weeks. One group received the Erlotinib (10 mg/kg, ip.) for one week before the start of the reactivation of the colitis and two weeks after (21 days); the rest received the vehicle. After sacrifice, the colons were removed and analyzed for damage and expression of NK-1R, Cox-2, EGFR, and the downstream signaling components. Results: Animals receiving Erlotinib had no significant difference in macroscopic or microscopic damage from controls. Pathological analysis however revealed a decrease of the incidence of dysplasia in animals treated with Erlotinib when compared with the vehicle-treated animals. This decrease was most evident in both the mid and the distal colon (15% vs. 53% and 20% vs. 61%). Colonic tissues from Erlotinib-treated animals also had decreased expression of NK-1R, Cox-2, pErk ½, and Akt compared to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Erlotinib can delay the development of colitis associated dysplasia, suggesting a potential therapeutic use for Erlotinib in patients with long-standing colitis. Supported in part by 1U56 CA126379-01 and 1F31 GM078951. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1563.
Abnormal Epithelial Cells in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. M. Boddington, S. C. Truelove
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Small biopsy specimens of the colonic mucosa from just above the recto-sigmoid junction have been obtained in 111 instances from 42 patients with ulcera- tive colitis.A group of 24 patients not suffering from ulcerative colitis and with apparently normal mucosa at sigmoidoscopy have been similarly studied as a control group.Specimens obtained from the control group were all normal apart from two which showed slight histological changes.Among 71 specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis in the stage of symptoms, 67 showed inflamma- tion.More than half of the 40 specimens taken from ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission showed inflammation.Brief details are given of two patients being studied by serial biopsy in whom histological relapse preceded clinical relapse by some weeks.We are grateful to Miss Shirley Thomas, who assisted at most of the biopsy examinations; to Mr. Richard Salt, who made the biopsy instrument for our use; to Miss M. Rowe for technical assistance; to Mr. M. Morris for the photomicrographs; and to
Risk Factors for Infant Homicide in the United States
Authors: Mary D. Overpeck, Ruth A. Brenner, Ann C. Trumble, Lara B. Trifiletti, Heinz W. Berendes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Homicide is the leading cause of infant deaths due to injury. More than 80 percent of infant homicides are considered to be fatal child abuse. This study assessed the timing of deaths and risk factors for infant homicide.Using linked birth and death certificates for all births in the U.S. between 1983 and 1991, we identified 2776 homicides occurring during the first year of life. Birth-certificate variables were reviewed in both bivariate and multivariate stratified analyses. Variables potentially predictive of homicide were selected on the basis of increased relative risks among subcategories with adequate numbers for stable estimates.Half the homicides occurred by the fourth month of life. The most important risk factors were a second or subsequent infant born to a mother less than 17 years old (relative risk, 10.9) or 17 to 19 years old (relative risk, 9.3), as compared with a first infant born to a mother 25 years old or older; a maternal age of less than 15 years, as compared with an age of at least 25 years (relative risk, 6.8); no prenatal care as compared with early prenatal care (relative risk, 10.4); and less than 12 years of education among mothers who were at least 17 years old (relative risk, 8.0), as compared with 16 or more years of education.Childbearing at an early age was strongly associated with infant homicide, particularly if the mother had given birth previously. Our findings may have implications for prevention.
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation (HAPLO-HSCT) With High Dose Cyclophosphamide Post-Transplant (HD-CY) As Gvhd Prophylaxis In High Risk Hematologic Malignancies: Multicentric Spanish Experience
Authors: Jorge Gayoso, Pascual Balsalobre, Mi Kwon, María Jesús Pascual, Cristina Castilla-Llorente, David Serrano, Dolores Caballero, Jose Antonio Pérez-Simón, Arancha Bermudez, Montserrat Rovira, Javier Anguita, Ana Pérez-Corral, Inmaculada Heras, Carlos Solano, Angela Figuera, Antonia Sampol, Christelle Ferra, Pilar Herrera, Marta Sonia González, Pau Montesinos, Ismael Buno, Jose Luis Diez-Martin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Correction of genetic disease by making sense from nonsense
Authors: Randal J. Kaufman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

trophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Although gentamicin did not completely restore dystrophin levels, the level produced was sufficient to protect against contraction-induced injury. This presents a significant first step toward the use of these antibiotics in treating a broad class of genetic diseases resulting from nonsense mutations. Although gentamicin promotes translation read-through of the nonsense codon in dystrophin, it may also interfere with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (6). All eukaryotic cells eliminate mRNAs that encode prematurely terminated products. This may protect cells from the production of nonfunctional or gain-offunction proteins. mRNAs that contain nonsense mutations more than 50 nucleotides upstream of the 3′-most exon-exon junction are selectively degraded by a process that requires protein synthesis. Stabilization of these mRNAs can occur if the ribosome translates through the termination codon (7, 8). The nonsense mutation in the mdx mouse reduces dystrophin mRNA levels to 10‐15% of normal (9). Therefore, the beneficial effects of gentamicin may result from dystrophin mRNA stabilization. It will be important to study dystrophin mRNA levels in the muscle tissues to determine if these drugs exert their action by stabilizing the nonsensecontaining mRNA. This appears likely, because gentamicin restored CFTR mRNA level in a cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchial epithelial cell line carrying a premature stop codon (3).
Recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous infusion of human immunoglobulins for primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Richard L. Wasserman, Isaac Melamed, Mark R. Stein, Sudhir Gupta, Jennifer Puck, Werner Engl, Heinz Leibl, Barbara McCoy, Victoria G. Empson, David Gelmont, Richard I. Schiff
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Pulmonary Microvascular Cytology Sampling Confirms the Lung Scan Finding of ??Contour Mapping??
Authors: JORDAN A. NEGRIN, THOMAS A. SMILARI, JEFF SCHNADER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Perfuston and ventilation imaging performed on a man with dyspnea and carcinoma of the prostate showed both matched and unmatched defects. Perfusion imaging had a “contour mapping” configuration, which is associated with multiple, small, linear perfusion defects that outline bronchopulmonary segments.
P3-046: Personalized High-Dose Continuous Hyperfractionated Accelerated Radiotherapy (HI-CHART) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on normal tissue constraints: a prospective clinical trial
Authors: Angela van Baardwijk, Rinus Wanders, Liesbeth Boersma, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Gerben Bootsma, Wiel Geraedts, Cordula Pitz, Jean Simons, Philippe Lambin, Dirk De Ruysscher
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
INSTINCT IN ANIMALS AND INTELLIGENCE IN MAN CONTRASTED.WITH AN EXAMINATION OF DARWIN'S DICTUM OF THE "MISSING LINK" AND LINNÆUS' DOGMA "NATURA NON FACET SALTUS," WITH A FEW ORIGINAL OBSERVATIONS THEREON. Read by Title in the Section of Medicine and Physiology at the Forty-Second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, heldal Washington, D, C, May 5, 1891.
Authors: WILLIAM W. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Instinct in animals is a matter of daily observation by every class of mind, and has always been a subject of great interest, nevertheless it seems still little understood. Writers in psychology are not yet agreed even upon its definition. Ribot, a modern French writer, says it embraces "all those psychological phenomena occurring in animals, and all forms of mental activity, inferior to those in men." A German contemporary says "It is an act conformed to an end, but without consciousness of that end." Darwin's definition is more elaborate, but scarcely more definite; by reason of its length it is more open to criticism. He says "Instinct is an action which we otherwise would require experience to perform, when performed by an animal, more especially by a very young one, without any experience, and when performed by many individuals in the same way without their knowing for what