tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
17 α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE AND 21-DESOXYHYDROCORTISONE; THEIR METABOLISM AND POSSIBLE ROLE IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL VIRILISM 1
Authors: Joseph W. Jailer, Jay J. Gold, Raymond Vande Wiele, Seymour Lieberman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Although virilism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is a relatively rare condition, this syndrome has stimulated much interest and research. Previous work has demonstrated that the adrenals of patients with this disease respond differently from the normal when they are further stimulated with exogenous ACTH. Lewis and Wilkins (1), Bartter and his associates (2), and Jailer, Louchart, and Cahill (3) have shown that although
Error in Medicine-Reply
Authors: Lucian L. Leape
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Bell and Dr Krakow note the likely effects of sleep deprivation on house officer performance. While I share their concern and agree that redesign of house officers' roles is a systems change that is long overdue, there may be perverse effects. More humane working hours also means more discontinuity in patient care, which can increase the likelihood of errors. Petersen et al have shown that preventable adverse events are twice as likely when patients are cared for by a "covering physician."<sup>1</sup> I agree with Dr Cunnington on the importance of differentiating between errors and nonpreventable adverse events, a distinction we have made in previous articles.<sup>2-4</sup>We found, however, that most injuries were avoidable. While it is certainly true that errors revealed at autopsy are sometimes unavoidable, they are errors nonetheless. If the concept of error can be divorced from the concept of blame, then autopsy-discovered
Breast cancer mortality trends in England and mammography screening (1971–2009): authors' response
Authors: Toqir K Mukhtar, David G Yeates, Michael J Goldacre
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Breast cancer mortality trends in England and mammography screening : authors' responseIn their interesting reply 1 to our article, 2 Paci et al. suggest data in Supplementary Table 3 show that the reduction in breast cancer mortality is 'greater for the age group 50-64 than for all other age groups combined'.This issue can only be resolved by showing the data.In Table 1 below, we use mortality rates published in Supplementary Table 3, and we show the fall in mortality rates as a percentage decline between the time periods as published.It is evident that it is simply not the case that the reduction in mortality is 'greater for the age group 50-64 than for all other age groups combined'.In our article, we examine declines in age-specific breast cancer mortality between
Ultrasonic tissue characterization of human hypertrophied hearts in vivo with cardiac cycle-dependent variation in integrated backscatter.
Authors: T Masuyama, F G St Goar, T L Tye, G Oppenheim, I Schnittger, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Integrated ultrasonic backscatter (IB) is a noninvasive measure of the acoustic properties of myocardium. Previous experimental studies have indicated that altered acoustic properties of the myocardium are reflected by the magnitude of variation of IB during the cardiac cycle. In our study, cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was noninvasively measured using a quantitative IB imaging system in 12 patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy and 13 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sixteen normal subjects served as a control. The magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB for the posterior wall was 6.0 +/- 0.9 dB in normal subjects, 5.7 +/- 0.8 dB in the patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy, and 6.7 +/- 2.1 dB in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There were no significant differences among any of these groups. In contrast, the magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB for the septum was significantly smaller in the patients with uncomplicated pressure-overload hypertrophy (2.8 +/- 1.3 dB) and in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3.1 +/- 2.3 dB) than in normal subjects (4.9 +/- 1.0 dB). The magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was smaller as the wall-thickness index increased (r = -0.53, p less than 0.01, n = 82 for all data). This IB measure also correlated with percent-systolic thickening of the myocardium (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01, n = 82). Thus, alteration in the magnitude of cardiac cycle-dependent variation of IB was observed in hypertrophic hearts and showed apparent regional myocardial differences.
Concur: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Regorafenib Monotherapy in Asian Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC)
Authors: J. Li, S. Qin, T. Yau, B. Ma, H. Pan, J. Xu, Y. Bai, Y. Chi, L. Wang, K.H. Yeh, F. Bi, Y. Cheng, A.T. Le, J.K. Lin, T. Liu, D. Ma, C. Kappeler, J. Kalmus, R.H. Xu, T.W. Kim
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Correction: Oncology Group Report
Authors: ALBERT M. BERNATH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1978Correction: Oncology Group ReportALBERT M. BERNATH, M.D., ROBERT C. KANE, M.D.ALBERT M. BERNATH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT C. KANE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-3-431_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the recent article by Livingston and colleagues (1) on the Southwest Oncology Group's results of their combined modality treatment program for small-cell carcinoma of the lung. How could a study said to be started in December 1976 and reported in an article submitted for publication on 1 July 1977 achieve median survivals of up to 1 year in an 8-month period of time?...Reference1. LIVINGSTONMOOREHEILBRUNBOTTOMLEYLEHANERIVKINTHIGPEN RTLRDST: Small-cell carcinoma of the lung: combined chemotherapy and radiation. Ann Intern Med 88:194-199, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Hematology/Oncology Geisinger Medical Center Danville, PA 17821 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1978Volume 89, Issue 3Page: 431-432KeywordsLung and intrathoracic tumorsRespiratory system procedures ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Shall We Allow Heroin Maintenance?
Authors: Richard C. Pillard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The prevalence rate of heroin addiction in the United States is about 150 per 100,000 and has been steadily increasing. For every addict in treatment, three are not and must support their addiction illegally. In Great Britain, there are only four addicts per 100,000 — a rate that has been stable for four years. Almost all British addicts are in treatment. There is no organized opiate traffic, and addict crime is of minimal public concern.Some observers believe that the more favorable British experience results in large part from their policy of allowing heroin to be prescribed as an accepted . . .
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition improves impaired coronary flow reserve in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takayuki Kawata, Masao Daimon, Rei Hasegawa, Kiyomi Teramoto, Tomohiko Toyoda, Tai Sekine, Issei Komuro, Kyouhei Yamamoto, Daigaku Uchida, Toshiharu Himi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Erosion: A Correlative Endoscopic Histopathologic Multicenter Study
Authors: Adel Gad
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

This multicenter study was conducted in 6 gastroenterology units, two each in Germany and Italy and one each in Sweden and Czechoslovakia. The diagnosis of erosion was made on endoscopic examination of 166 patients presenting with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal disease. Only 78 out of 172 (42%) lesions diagnosed endoscopically as gastroduodenal erosions were confirmed as such histologically. The discrepancy between the endoscopic and histologic diagnosis varied from one centre to another, and ranged from 15 to 100%. The lack of agreement between the endoscopic and morphologic diagnosis in 94 biopsies (55%) is attributed to such histopathological changes as: foci of acute gastritis with or without mucopurulent surface exudate, small islands of intestinal metaplasia, subepithelial stromal capillary hyperemia, pseudovillous formations of the surface epithelium, microcarcinoid tumor and lipid islands. It is recommended that the term erosion should be reserved for histologically verified lesions, and the need for a descriptive endoscopic terminology is emphasized.
Venipuncture on the Mastectomy Side
Authors: Daniel S. J. Choy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Against the wellmeant advice to patients who have had mastectomies never to allow venipunctures on the same side as the mastectomy, I wish to raise a strong voice of dissent. In 25 years, I have performed innumerable venipunctures on the "proscribed" side (whenever there was no evidence of severe venous obstruction), without encountering a single bad result that would not have occurred elsewhere. In other words, I have never observed contraindication to use of the "mastectomy side" for venipunctures except when there was marked stasis due to venous obstruction, or when the arm was so swollen it was not possible to find a vein. The medical oncologist frequently encounters patients who have had mastectomies and have no usable veins left on the "allowed" side. I have discussed this problem with a number of my colleagues in the same specialty, and find that I do not stand alone.
Pain relief in active patients with cancer: the early use of nerve blocks improves the quality of life.
Authors: S. Lipton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Analgesic drugs are the first line of pain relief in cancer, but they should not be the only treatment offered. If nerve blocks and other destructive procedures are to be used they should be used early with conviction and persistence. They might not be being used because there are not enough doctors who can use them properly.
Perception of airway narrowing during reduction of inhaled corticosteroids and asthma exacerbation
Authors: C M Salome
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The perception of airway narrowing is reduced in subjects with severe asthma and may be related to the severity of airway inflammation. A study was undertaken to determine if the perception of airway narrowing changes during the reduction of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose or during an asthma exacerbation.Forty two asthmatic subjects with well controlled asthma had their daily ICS dose halved every 2 months until they were weaned off ICS or they developed an exacerbation. Perception was measured at baseline and at monthly intervals during bronchial challenge with mannitol as the slope and intercept of the regression of the Borg score and percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)), and as the Borg score at 20% fall in FEV(1) (PS(20)FEV(1)). Sputum was collected for measurement of inflammatory cell numbers.In 33 subjects who successfully halved their ICS dose without exacerbation there were significant reductions in slope (p = 0.01), intercept (p = 0.01), and PS(20)FEV(1) (p = 0.003). Sputum eosinophils and airway hyperresponsiveness increased significantly but, in 14 subjects from whom sputum was obtained, changes in eosinophils were not correlated with changes in perception. Change in airway hyperresponsiveness correlated with change in PS(20)FEV(1) (r = -0.40, p = 0.025). In 27 subjects who developed an exacerbation, slope decreased (p = 0.02) and intercept increased (p = 0.01) compared with the visit before the exacerbation. Changes in intercept correlated with changes in resting FEV(1) (r = -0.57, p = 0.002).Perception of airway narrowing decreases during ICS dose reduction and decreases further during a mild asthma exacerbation. These changes are related to concurrent changes in airway hyperresponsiveness and resting lung function. The effect of changes in airway inflammation on perception is unclear.
Detection of Benign Cardiac Fibroma on Thallium-201 Imaging in an Adult
Authors: SHARON HELMER, REZA ABGHARI, A J STONE, C C LEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A rare case of benign cardiac fibroma causing a focal defect on TI-201 imaging in an adult patient is presented. The abnormalities on the TI-201 scan are correlated with other studies performed on the same patient. The usefulness of the TI-201 myocardial perfusion scan as an early, noninvasive test in cardiac workup is stressed.
Platelet Survival and Adhesiveness in Recurrent Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Peter P. Steele, Hugh S. Weily, Edward Genton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Of 28 patients with idiopathic recurrent venous thrombosis, platelet survival time was abnormally shortened in 18 and normal in 10, and platelet adhesiveness was increased in eight and normal in 20. Platelet survival time was normal in nine anticoagulant-responsive patients, but was significantly shortened in 15 patients who were refractory to anticoagulants or who had had arterial thrombosis. Platelet adhesiveness did not distinguish these patients, nor did it correlate with platelet survival time. Platelet-inhibitor therapy with sulfinpyrazone was effective in the control of thrombosis in seven patients with shortened platelet survival time, increasing platelet survival time and decreasing platelet adhesiveness. These results suggest that shortened platelet survival or increased platelet adhesiveness is present in a high proportion of patients with recurrent venous thrombosis. Platelet-inhibitor therapy may prove useful in such cases. (N Engl J Med 288:1148–1152, 1973)
John Herbert Harker Webster
Authors: P. Cook
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant surgeon Royal South Hants Hospital 1967-94 (b Wirral 1929; q Cambridge/Westminster 1953; MChir, FRCS), d 31 August 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




From 1955 to 1957 John Webster served in the Royal Air Force on a troop ship involved in the preparation of Christmas Island for the first British hydrogen bomb test. He trained in Sheffield before being appointed to Southampton with a special interest in vascular surgery. In 1988 he received an award from the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland for the most outstanding contribution of the year to surgical education. He was a talented pianist and organist. He leaves a wife, Joy; three children; and 11 grandchildren.
Subclavian Vein Stenosis Detected With a Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan
Authors: E Patrick Farley, Alan Siegel, Andrew Forauer, Marc Seltzer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 78-year-old woman with a history of blood per rectum presented to the emergency department. A gastrointestinal bleeding scan was performed and showed no active bleed. The scan, however, showed functional obstruction of the patient's left subclavian vein. A chest radiograph showed a left-sided pacemaker and a left internal jugular dialysis catheter.
Vertigo in children.
Authors: P M Sarter
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Carriage and acquisition of Candida spp and Candida albicans biotypes were studied among 163 neonates and 90 staff in a neonatal intensive care and surgical unit during a 17 week period. Twenty one neonates carried yeasts in the mouth, rectum or groin when first sampled, and a further 25 were positive later. C albicans accounted for 94.7% of 431 yeast isolates from neonates but only 67.4% of 43 isolates from staff. The first isolated C albicans biotype persisted in 13 babies monitored longitudinally. Simultaneous colonisation with two Candida spp was found in 2/46 neonates and 5/33 staff. The prevalence of candida was significantly higher among babies of gestational age less than 28 weeks (65%) than those of higher gestational age (26%). Oral and/or crural candida infection was observed in 14 of the babies but none developed deep seated candidosis. Routine antifungal prophylaxis did not affect the frequency of yeasts among the neonates.
Reflex chronotropic and inotropic effects of calcium channel-blocking agents in conscious dogs. Diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine compared.
Authors: H Nakaya, A Schwartz, R W Millard
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

In chronically instrumented, conscious dogs, rapid injection of equihypotensive doses of three calcium channel-blocking agents, verapamil (250 micrograms/kg), diltiazem (200 micrograms/kg) and nifedipine (50 micrograms/kg), produced disparate chronotropic and inotropic responses. Although they all decreased mean arterial pressure by about 10%, heart rate (93 +/- 4 beats/min) was markedly increased to 175 +/- 12 with nifedipine, to 163 +/- 15 with verapamil, and only slightly increased to 118 +/- 7 with diltiazem. Contractile responses measured before (left ventricular dP/dtmax, 2749 +/- 131 mm Hg/sec) and during left ventricular ejection (endocardial dimension dD/dtmax, 57 +/- 4 mm/sec) were increased by 24% and 14% with nifedipine, decreased by 26% and 22% with verapamil, and were unchanged with diltiazem. These chronotropic and inotropic responses to rapid intravenous administration of the three drugs were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results also were observed after slow infusion of these drugs. To determine the extent to which autonomic reflexes participated in these cardiac responses, propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) or propranolol plus atropine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) was administered prior to injection of each calcium channel-blocking agent. Propranolol abolished the positive inotropic response to nifedipine and potentiated the negative inotropic response to verapamil. Positive chronotropic responses to verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem were attenuated by propranolol plus atropine. These results suggest that equihypotensive doses of the three prominent calcium channel-blocking agents exert different degrees of autonomic reflex activation in awake, unsedated dogs. These reflexes, which modulate the direct effects of calcium channel-blocking agents on chronotropic and inotropic variables of the heart, may have important clinical implications.
Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes
Authors: Hanna IJspeert, Gertjan J. Driessen, Michael J. Moorhouse, Nico G. Hartwig, Beata Wolska-Kusnierz, Krzysztof Kalwak, Anna Pituch-Noworolska, Irina Kondratenko, Joris M. van Montfrans, Ester Mejstrikova, Arjan C. Lankester, Anton W. Langerak, Dik C. van Gent, Andrew P. Stubbs, Jacques J.M. van Dongen, Mirjam van der Burg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Prevalence and features of allergic rhinitis in Italy
Authors: M. Olivieri, G. Verlato, A. Corsico, V. Lo Cascio, M. Bugiani, A. Marinoni, R . de Marco
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Italian data on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis are sparse and with wide variations, maybe because of different diagnostic criteria and methods of investigation. This study analyzes the information on rhinitis collected in northern Italy through standardized methods within the European Community Respiratory Health Survey.A screening questionnaire was sent by mail to a random sample of the general population aged 20-44 years, and nonresponders were contacted again by phone, achieving a final response rate of 86% (6031/7000). Among the responders, 914 randomly selected underwent a standardized clinical interview, skin prick test (SPT) and total and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E determination.The overall prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis was 15.9% (95% CI 15.0-16.8%). Allergic rhinitis was more common in men below 35 years and in women older than that (P = 0.006), in urban areas (P < 0.001) and in early responders (P < 0.001). A larger percentage of subjects (37.7%) reported nasal symptoms when exposed to indoor or outdoor allergens. Atopy was present in 79% of the subjects reporting allergic rhinitis.This study demonstrates that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in northern Italy is similar to the prevalence observed in other European countries and that this disease is more common in urban areas.
Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: LOUIS D. SARAVOLATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Infection with strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred in 40 patients at time of admission to a large urban hospital from March to December 1980. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections occurred in 24 drug abusers and 16 nonabusers. Patients with infections had a longer mean hospitalization and previously had received antimicrobial therapy more frequently than control subjects. Drug abusers with infections had been treated with cephalosporins more often than control subjects (p < 0.05). Phage typing of 32 isolates showed that 21 were linked by a common phage type (29/52/80/95). Transmission of methicillin-resistant S. aureus from community-acquired cases occurred in the hospital. By January 1981, methicillin-resistant S. aureus accounted for 30.6% of nosocomial S. aureus infections at Henry Ford Hospital. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection may arise in the community as well as in the hospital and has the potential to disseminate in both settings.
Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: D. Lúdvíksdóttir, C. Janson, E. Björnsson, G. Stålenheim, G. Boman, H. Hedenström, P. Venge, B. Gudbjörnsson, S. Valtýsdóttir
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background : Different mechanisms may underlie bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in different diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the bronchial responsiveness profile produced by three different challenge tests, methacholine, a direct simulus, and two indirect stimuli, adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP) and cold air, in subjects with asthma and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Methods : The study population comprised 40 adult patients with asthma, 18 subjects with Sjögren's syndrome, and 20 controls. Blood samples were collected before each challenge for measurements of serum eosinophil peroxidase (S‐EPO) and eosinophil cationic protein (S‐ECP). The investigated subjects recorded peak expiratory flow and kept a symptom diary. Results : Atopic subjects with asthma were significantly more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects with asthma ( P =0.01) and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome ( P =0.02). No difference was seen between atopic and nonatopic subjects with asthma in the case of challenges with methacholine or cold air. In atopic subjects with asthma, a significant correlation was found between challenges with methacholine and AMP ( r =0.91, P =0.0001) and methacholine and cold air ( r =0.83, P =0.004), but, in nonatopic subjects with asthma, no significant correlation was seen between methacholine and AMP or cold air challenges. In atopic subjects with asthma, the dose‐response slope for AMP was correlated to S‐EPO ( r =−0.56; P =0.01) and S‐ECP ( r =−0.51, P =0.02), while no correlation between BHR and inflammation markers was found in the two other patient groups. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that patients with asthma and subjects with Sjögren's syndrome display different bronchial responsiveness profiles for different challenge agents. Atopic subjects with asthma are more hyperresponsive to AMP than nonatopic subjects and patients with Sjögren's syndrome. More than one challenge may be required to detect different aspects of bronchial responsiveness.