tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatigue, Menopausal Symptoms, and Cognitive Function in Women After Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: 1- and 2-Year Follow-Up of a Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Helen G. Mar Fan, Nadine Houédé-Tchen, Qi-Long Yi, Irene Chemerynsky, Fiona P. Downie, Kathryn Sabate, Ian F. Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose We previously evaluated fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and matched healthy women. Here we report assessment of these women 1 and 2 years later. Patients and Methods Patients without relapse and controls were evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-General Quality of Life questionnaire, with subscales for fatigue and endocrine symptoms, and by the High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen. Results There were 104, 91, and 83 patients and 102, 81, and 81 controls assessed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Median Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Fatigue scores (range, 0 to 52) for patients improved from 31 (on chemotherapy) to 43 and 45 at 1 and 2 years, respectively, but were stable in controls (46 to 48). Median Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Endocrine Symptoms scores (range, 0 to 72) for patients improved from 57 (on chemotherapy) to 59 and 61 at 1 and 2 years, respectively, and were stable in controls (64 to 65). Differences between patients and controls remained significant for these scales. The incidence of moderate-severe cognitive dysfunction by the High Sensitivity Cognitive Screen decreased in patients from 16% (on chemotherapy) to 4.4% and 3.8% and in controls from 5% to 3.6% and 0% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. There were minimal differences between estrogen receptor–positive patients who started hormonal therapy (mainly tamoxifen) after chemotherapy and estrogen receptor–negative patients who did not. Differences in quality of life between patients and controls were significant only at baseline. Conclusion Fatigue, menopausal symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction are important adverse effects of chemotherapy that improve in most patients. Hormonal treatment has minimal impact on them.
MENSTRUATION AND THE SAFE PERIOD
Authors: Paul E. Lawler
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  In connection with Dr. Novak's article Two Important Biologic Factors in Fertility and Sterility (The Journal, February 10), kindly allow me a remark or two.  Births can be controlled in a  or  way by complete abstinence (continence) or by observing the periods of sterility and fertility in women. Births can be controlled in an artificial way by making use of chemicals or mechanical devices and by coitus interruptus. In the one case births are avoided and in the other case births are prevented. This distinction is of great importance not only from an ethical point of view but also from a scientific point of view. Hence the expression   to indicate natural or biologic birth control does not seem a very happy one. The word contraception should be used only in connection with artificial methods of preventing conception, because contra connotes prevention rather than
A Pooling-Based Genome-Wide Association Study of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis in Caucasian Patients
Authors: M. Desrosiers, L. Mfuna Endam, A. Filali-Mouhim, P. Boisvert, L. Boulet, Y. Bossé
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Review of Child Development Research. Vol 1
Authors: Albert J. Solnit
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This book makes an admirable effort to present to practicing physicians, and others who provide services for children, a survey of recent systematic research findings in child development. Although the form is largely successful, the substance of this volume, with several exceptions, indicates a continuing distance between clinical medicine and American academic psychology. Factors that contribute significantly to this gulf are the differing points of vantage and the contrasting responsibilities that each group has. Whereas the academic psychologist's main aims are to understand and explain, understandably without the major medical concerns and responsibilities, the physician's main goals are largely carried out through diagnosing and treating the patient. The academic or experimental psychologist is guided by the rigor of his research design, and the need for achieving valid generalizations. The physician, by comparison, is guided by the agreement to do no harm and to strengthen each patient with the best knowledge
Penile cancer: is there an epidemiological role for smoking and sexual behaviour?
Authors: D Hellberg, J Valentin, T Eklund, S Nilsson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A retrospective study was carried out to determine whether penile cancer, like cervical cancer, was associated with smoking and sexual behaviour. Altogether 244 men with penile cancer and 232 matched controls completed a questionnaire by post or telephone. Data on marital state, socioeconomic group, occupation, history of phimosis and balanitis, sexual behaviour, and smoking were obtained. The results of statistical analyses confirmed that phimosis and balanitis were risk factors for penile cancer, but there was no epidemiological evidence for it being a sexually transmitted disease. Smoking was a risk factor with a dose-response relation and remained associated with penile cancer even after adjustment for confounding factors. Penile cancer is associated with smoking independently of phimosis; treatment of phimosis alone does not remove the risk caused by smoking.
The role of CXC chemokines in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Robert M. Strieter, Brigitte N. Gomperts, Michael P. Keane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The CXC chemokine family is a pleiotropic family of cytokines that are involved in promoting the trafficking of various leukocytes, in regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, and in promoting the mobilization and trafficking of mesenchymal progenitor cells such as fibrocytes. These functions of CXC chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and other fibroproliferative disorders. In this Review, we discuss the biology of CXC chemokine family members, specifically as it relates to their role in regulating vascular remodeling and trafficking of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (also known as fibrocytes) in pulmonary fibrosis.
Pregnancy Termination in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Polly A. Newcomb
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To evaluate the association between pregnancy terminations and risk of breast cancer.Population-based case-control study in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire.Cases were women younger than 75 years with a new diagnosis of breast cancer (n = 6888), identified from statewide tumor registries. Controls younger than 65 years (n = 9529) were randomly selected from lists of licensed drivers, or for older subjects, from lists of Medicare beneficiaries. EXPOSURES AND OUTCOMES: Breast cancer risk in relation to spontaneous or induced abortions.After adjustment for parity, age at first birth, and other risk factors, pregnancy termination (induced or spontaneous) was associated with a relative risk (RR) of breast cancer of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.21), compared with the risk among women who had never had a termination. Induced terminations were associated with a RR of 1.23 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.51), which was somewhat greater than the risk associated with spontaneous terminations (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.20). The association with induced abortions was stronger for those performed before legalization of abortion in 1973 (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80) than after this time (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.49), suggesting a bias in reporting this sensitive procedure.A weak positive association was observed between abortion--whether induced or spontaneous--and risk of breast cancer. The increase in risk of breast cancer was somewhat greater among women with a history of induced terminations. However, this association may be due to reporting bias and was not significantly different than the slight risk for spontaneous terminations.
Gout with apparent resistance to allopurinol
Authors: T. Gibson, H. A. Simmonds, A. V. Rodgers, G. J. Huston, D. R. Webster, J. Munro, P. Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

p 93 receiving azapropazone and there was also a higher prevalence of abnormal renal function (judged by raised blood urea or serum creatinine or both) in this group.Analysis of the data on renal function, however, reveals that in the group treated with azapropazone the increase in urea or creatinine occurred principally during the first two weeks of treatment and did not rise further.
Novel SINE Families from Salmons Validate Parahucho (Salmonidae) as a Distinct Genus and Give Evidence that SINEs Can Incorporate LINE-related 3′-Tails of Other SINEs
Authors: Vitaliy Matveev, Hidenori Nishihara, Norihiro Okada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Short interspersed elements (SINEs) constitute a group of retroposons propagating in the genome via a mechanism of reverse transcription, in which they depend on the enzymatic machinery of long retroposons (LINEs). Over 70 SINE families have been described to date from the genomes of various eukaryotes. Here, we characterize two novel SINEs from salmons (Actinopterygii: Salmonoidei). The first family, termed SlmI, was shown to be widespread among all genera of the suborder. These SINEs have a tRNALeu-related promoter region at their 5′-end, a unique central conserved domain with a subfamily-specific region, and an end with RSg-1-LINE-derived 3′-terminus preceding the A/T-rich tail. The same LINE-related segment is also shared by two other salmonid SINEs: HpaI and OS-SINE1. The structural peculiarities and overall sequence identity of the SlmI 3′-terminus suggest that it has been acquired from HpaI SINEs but not directly from the partner LINE. This region plays a crucial role in the process of retrotransposition of short interspersed elements, and the case of its SINE-to-SINE transmission is the first recorded to date. Possible scenarios and potential evolutionary implications of the observed interaction between short retroposons are discussed. Apart from the above, we found a copy of the SlmI SINE in the GenBank entry for the blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum (Trematoda: Strigeiformes)—a trematode causing one of the most important human helminth infections, with its genome known to host other groups of salmonoid retroposons. In the present article, we suggest our views with regard to possible ways in which such an intensive horizontal transfer of salmonoid retroposons to the schistosomal genome occurs. The second novel SINE family, termed SlmII, originates from one of the SlmI subfamilies, with which it shares the same tRNA-related region, central domain, and a part of RSg-1-derived segment, but has a different 3′-tail of unidentified origin. Its distribution among salmonids validates Parahucho (Japanese huchen) as a distinct monotypic genus.
Papules in the Axillae of a Woman
Authors: Rachel H. Gormley, Carrie L. Kovarik, Aimee S. Payne
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Awoman in her early 40s presented with a 6-month history of rash in the bilateral axillae. The areas involvedwere not itchy or tender but bothered her cosmetically. The patient reported using an aluminumcontainingantiperspirantsprayforyearsbefore theonsetof theeruptionbuthadsince discontinueduseofdeodorantsor antiperspirants without improvement in her lesions. Hermedical history was significant only for epilepsy, and her daily medications included lamotrigine and cholecalciferol. Physical examination revealed multiple red-brown to purplish follicular papules and nodules in bilateral axillae with focal areas of scarring (Figure 1). No facial lesions were noted. She did not improve with multiple medications, including topical antifungals, topical corticosteroids, oral ketoconazole, topical dapsone, doxycycline(40mg/d),minocycline(100mgtwicedaily),acombination ofamoxicillinandclavulanate,and intralesional triamcinoloneacetonide. A4-mmpunchbiopsywas performedon the right axilla for evaluation. Quiz at jamadermatology.com Figure 1. Clinical examination findings. Multiple red-brown papules within the axilla bilaterally.
COMPARISON OF THE HEMOYNAMIC PERFORMANCE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING OF PERCUTANEOUS VS SURGICAL BIOPROSTHESES IN TREATMENT OF SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Cristina Giannini, Marco De Carlo, Fabio Guarracino, Enrica Talini, Maria Grazia Delle Donne, Carmela Nardi, Frank Llojd Dini, Uberto Bortolotti, Gaetano Minzioni, Anna Sonia Petronio, Vitantonio Di Bello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Evaluating the Capacity of Theories of Justice to Serve as a Justice Framework for International Clinical Research
Authors: Bridget Pratt, Deborah Zion, Bebe Loff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

This article investigates whether or not theories of justice from political philosophy, first, support the position that health research should contribute to justice in global health, and second, provide guidance about what is owed by international clinical research (ICR) actors to parties in low- and middle-income countries. Four theories-John Rawls's theory of justice, the rights-based cosmopolitan theories of Thomas Pogge and Henry Shue, and Jennifer Ruger's health capability paradigm-are evaluated. The article shows that three of the four theories require the conduct of health research for justice in global health. The theories help identify the ends of justice to which ICR is to contribute, but they cannot tell us how to organize ICR to promote these ends. Aside from Ruger's health capability paradigm, the theories also lack an allocative principle for assigning specific duties to specific actors. This creates difficulties for establishing obligations for certain types of ICR actors.
Randomised, double-blind trial of intravenous diltiazem versus glyceryl trinitrate for unstable angina pectoris
Authors: E.J.A.M. Göbel, R.W.M. Hautvast, W.H. van Gilst, J.N. Spanjaard, H.L. Hillege, M.J.L. DeJongste, K.I. Lie, G.P. Molhoek
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Von willebrand factor availability in platelet concentrates stored for 5 days
Authors: Jesús M. Cesar, Angel Garcia‐Avello, Juán Monteagudo, José I. Espinosa, José C. Lodos, Ricardo Castillo, José L. Navarro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Von Willebrand factor (vWF) availability was assessed in platelet concentrates (PCs). After 5 days of storage, 82 ± 9% of basal levels of ristocetin cofactor activity (vWF:RCo) remained in PCs. vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) increased up to 166 ± 38% ( P &lt; 0.05) In the same period. Autoradiograph pattern of vW:Ag showed an increase in low molecular weight multimers, and fast migrating multimeric forms were visualized by crossed immunoeiectrophoresis on day 5. Studies carried out in platelet free plasma stored as PCs showed similar changes in vWF:RCo but increments in vWF:Ag were not detected. These data indicate that PCs maintain vWF:RCo levels of clinical value even after 5 days of storage and suggest that vWF comes out from platelets to plasma during storage. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on field-based services: models for reform in the delivery of mental health care to populations with complex clinical problems
Authors: A B Santos, S W Henggeler, B J Burns, G W Arana, N Meisler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Clinical services for psychiatrically impaired populations have only recently been studied with scientifically valid designs to explore innovations in structure, accessibility, and financing. Health systems reform in the United States has provided the impetus for better defining clinically effective and cost-sensitive models for mental health services. This article reviews assertive community treatment, used for adults with severe mental illnesses, and multisystemic therapy, used for adolescents with serious emotional disturbances, as examples of service system innovations that have been studied with controlled clinical trial designs and have demonstrated efficacy in treating difficult and costly clinical populations.The authors reviewed the published controlled clinical trials of assertive community treatment and multisystemic therapy, focusing on the clinical and administrative elements that distinguish them from traditional service systems.A qualitative assessment of these two approaches suggests that they share common elements, with important implications for mental health policy. Specifically, the use of an ecological model of behavior applied to mental health patients is critical to both systems. In addition, therapeutic principles emphasizing pragmatic (outcome-oriented) treatment approaches, home-based interventions, and individualized goals are key elements of their success. Most important, both systems embody a therapeutic philosophy demanding therapist accountability, in which personnel are rewarded for clinical outcomes and therapeutic innovation rather than for following a prescribed plan.As empirically tested approaches, assertive community treatment and multisystemic therapy provide a scientific foundation for continued reform and serve to illustrate critical elements in designing new community treatment initiatives for behavioral as well as medical conditions.
Immune Complex Uveitis: A Case
Authors: LAWRENCE M. RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 January 1978Immune Complex Uveitis: A CaseLAWRENCE M. RYAN, M.D., FRANKLIN KOZIN, M.D., RICHARD EIFERMAN, M.D.LAWRENCE M. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANKLIN KOZIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD EIFERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-1-62 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAnterior nongranulomatous uveitis is of uncertain origin in most instances. The recent finding of an increased prevalence of HLA B27 in patients with isolated anterior uveitis or uveitis associated with sacroiliitis has defined a specific subgroup of such patients (1). We describe a patient in whom uveitis was associated with cutaneous vasculitis and cryoglobulinemia, suggesting that a circulating immune complex etiopathogenesis may exist in certain patients with anterior uveitis.A 42-year-old woman was well until June 1974, when she developed a papular erythematous, but nonpruritic, skin rash. Treatment with corticosteroids and a variety of antihistamines provided no relief. In August...References1. RUSSELLLENTLEPERCYJACKSON ABJF: Scintigraphy of sacroiliac joints in acute anterior uveitis. Ann Intern Med 85:606-608, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WIROSTKOJOHNSON EL: The association of idiopathic uveitis with chronic active hepatitis, in Proceedings of the American Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Sarastoa, Florida, 1973 Google Scholar3. ANDREWSPETTSMCINTOSHPENNY BVJR: Circulating immune complexes in acute uveitis. Arthritis Rheum 20:106, 1977 Google Scholar4. HOWESMCKAY ED: Circulating immune complexes: effects on ocular vascular permeability in the rabbit. Arch Ophthalmol 89:365-370, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. WONGANDERSONMCMASTER VRP: Endogeneous immune uveitis. Arch Ophthalmol 85:93-102, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Ophthalmology The Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee County Medical Complex 8700 West Wisconsin Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53226 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRetinal vasculitis associated with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitisAnterior uveitis secondary to type II essential cryoglobulinemiaNonsyphilitic Interstitial KeratitisPanuveitis and multifocal retinitis in a patient with leucocytoclastic vasculitis.Complement activation in uveitis.Uveitis: Many diseases, one diagnosisIridocyclitisUveitis and arthritis: Experimental models and clinical correlatesThe immune complex pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and pulmonary vasculitis in Behçet's disease 1 January 1978Volume 88, Issue 1Page: 62-63KeywordsAntihistaminesHuman leukocyte antigenImmune complexRashesUveitisVasculitis Issue Published: 1 January 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Complement-Fixation Test in Extracutaneous Sporotrichosis
Authors: Robert D. Jones, George A. Sarosi, James D. Parker, Robert J. Weeks, Fred E. Tosh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Sera from 18 patients with various forms of sporotrichosis were studied serologically. Of nine patients with active cutaneous disease during the study, six had negative complement-fixation (CF) tests, and three had titers of 1:8. Nine additional patients, eight of whom were culturally active during the study, had extracutaneous sporotrichosis. Seven of the patients with active extracutaneous sporotrichosis had titers of 1:16 or greater, whereas one had repeated titers of 1:8. The remaining patient had a negative CF test but was studied 3 months after the last positive culture and was considered to be inactive at that time. Among 125 control patients, 78 of whom had active mycotic disease other than sporotrichosis, none had a positive CF test, whereas 20 had positive agar gel precipitin reactions. Two patients had serial determinations during therapy, and both showed a significant decrease in CF titers, paralleling clinical improvement. The CF test is effective in detecting extracutaneous sporotrichosis, whereas the agar gel precipitin test, as performed in our laboratory, is relatively nonspecific. The CF test might also be used to follow the clinical response of patients during therapy.
Clinical Revenue Investment in Biomedical Research—Reply
Authors: Arthur S. Levine
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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