tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of allergens in plantain (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>) pollen
Authors: R. Asero, G. Mistrello, D. Roncarolo, M. Casarini
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: Allergens in Plantago lanceolata have not been characterized yet. The objective was to characterize some plantain‐pollen allergens and to investigate the cross‐reactivity between plantain and grass pollens. Methods: Sera from four patients monosensitive to plantain pollen and from eight grass‐pollen‐allergic patients showing strong skin reactivity to plantain pollen in the skin prick test (SPT) underwent immunoblot analysis with both Plantago and grass mix extract. Moreover, immunoblot inhibition experiments were done with grass mix extract as inhibitor. Results: All four sera from plantain‐allergic patients reacted to two distinct bands at 17 and 19 kDa, and 2/4 sera showed further reactivity to a 40‐kDa protein, which in one case represented the most prominent IgE‐binding allergen. Plantain‐monosensitive subjects did not show any reactivity to grass‐pollen extract, and preabsorption of their sera with grass‐pollen extract did not cause any loss of reactivity to plantain pollen. Sera from all eight grass‐pollen‐allergic controls reacted to a 30‐kDa protein in plantain pollen, and some sera showed cross‐reactivity to higher and lower molecular‐weight structures as well. In all cases, plantain reactivity was totally abolished by preabsorption of sera with grass‐pollen extract. A preliminary investigation by immunoblot showed that polyclonal IgG anti‐Phl p 5 (but not polyclonal Phl p 1) from rabbit reacted to a 30‐kDa protein in plantain pollen. Conclusions: Three specific allergens (of 17, 19, and 40 kDa, respectively) have been detected in plantain pollen. Further studies on a larger number of patients will determine whether these proteins may be considered major allergens. Cross‐reactivity between grass and plantain pollen is mainly caused by a 30‐kDa protein in plantain pollen. Group 5 grass‐pollen allergen is probably responsible for most grass/plantain cross‐reactivity.
Albinism and Visual Pathways
Authors: Ursula C. Dräger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Oculocutaneous albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder that is distinguished by uniform hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. Involvement limited to the eyes (ocular albinism) has also been described. Because a lack of melanin pigment results in reduced photoprotection of the skin, carcinomas may develop in exposed areas. A similar loss of photoprotection in the eyes leads to photophobia. Less often appreciated, however, are more complex disturbances of the visual system, which are common in albinism and other conditions characterized by hypopigmentation.Most higher vertebrates use binocular vision, which implies that corresponding points in both retinas project to the . . .
1415 CONFIRMATION THAT QUADRUPLE THERAPY WITH DACLATASVIR (NS5A INHIBITOR), ASUNAPREVIR (NS3 INHIBITOR) AND PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN RESULTS IN HIGH RATE OF SVR4 IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 NULL RESPONDERS
Authors: A. Lok, D. Gardiner, C. Hezode, E. Lawitz, M. Bourliere, G. Everson, P. Marcellin, M. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Pol, L. Serfaty, T. Eley, S.-P. Huang, M. Wind-Rotolo, F. McPhee, D. Grasela, C. Pasquinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Development of all CD4 T lineages requires nuclear factor TOX
Authors: Parinaz Aliahmad, Jonathan Kaye
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper/inducer T cells develop from common thymocyte precursors that express both CD4 and CD8 molecules. Upon T cell receptor signaling, these cells initiate a differentiation program that includes complex changes in CD4 and CD8 expression, allowing identification of transitional intermediates in this developmental pathway. Little is known about regulation of these early transitions or their specific importance to CD4 and CD8 T cell development. Here, we show a severe block at the CD4loCD8lo transitional stage of positive selection caused by loss of the nuclear HMG box protein TOX. As a result, CD4 lineage T cells, including regulatory T and CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells, fail to develop. In contrast, functional CD8+ T cells develop in TOX-deficient mice. Our data suggest that TOX-dependent transition to the CD4+CD8lo stage is required for continued development of class II major histocompatibility complex–specific T cells, regardless of ultimate lineage fate.
Tay-Sachs Disease— Carrier Screening, Prenatal Diagnosis, and the Molecular Era
Authors: Michael Kaback
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To provide an update of the international experience with carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis for Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), to assess the impact of these efforts, and to review the recent developments in DNA technology with application to TSD carrier detection and screening.Through the International TSD Testing, Quality Control, and Data Collection Center, all testing centers in the world were surveyed annually to assess overall experience with carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis. Quality control and laboratory surveillance of testing centers were performed through an annual assessment, using samples provided by the center.Tay-Sachs disease testing centers around the world.Nearly 1 million young adults from both Jewish and non-Jewish populations.Gene product screening (enzyme testing) and DNA-based mutation analysis (in some populations).Impact of screening program on disease incidence.Data from all centers in the international TSD network on experience with TSD carrier testing and prenatal diagnosis since 1974 indicated that more than 36,000 heterozygotes were identified and 1056 couples found to be at risk for TSD in their offspring. A total of 2416 pregnancies at increased risk for TSD were monitored by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. A dramatic decrease in the incidence of TSD in the Jewish populations was demonstrated. With both serum and leukocyte proficiency testing, there have been only 16 instances (of 845 cumulative laboratory evaluations) of one or more errors reported by a laboratory since 1983 resulting in nonaccreditation.This analysis represents a prototypic effort in coordinating adult education, carrier testing, and genetic counseling directed toward prospective prevention of a uniformly fatal childhood disease and demonstrates that such an effort can dramatically affect disease incidence.
Trends in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a CIBMTR analysis
Authors: Shaji Kumar, Mei-Jie Zhang, Peigang Li, Angela Dispenzieri, Gustavo A. Milone, Sagar Lonial, Amrita Krishnan, Angelo Maiolino, Baldeep Wirk, Brendan Weiss, César O. Freytes, Dan T. Vogl, David H. Vesole, Hillard M. Lazarus, Kenneth R. Meehan, Mehdi Hamadani, Michael Lill, Natalie S. Callander, Navneet S. Majhail, Peter H. Wiernik, Rajneesh Nath, Rammurti T. Kamble, Ravi Vij, Robert A. Kyle, Robert Peter Gale, Parameswaran N. Hari
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prescribing Protease Inhibitors for the Homeless
Authors: Andrea Lyman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —It was gratifying to read the balanced discussion on the use of protease inhibitor therapy in the homeless population.<sup>1</sup>Some bioethicists and clinicians have been quoted in the popular press as regarding as unethical the withholding of such therapy. However, blanket pronouncements do not take into account the dismal state of the art of treatment for mentally ill, chemically dependent patients. As a primary care physician in a walk-in center for homeless persons with serious and persistent mental illness, I am pessimistic as to the success of combination chemotherapy in a substantial proportion of such patients. It is hard to imagine many of these patients literally sitting still long enough for me to pronounce the names of the new antiviral drugs, much less to discuss the indications, potential adverse effects, dosage regimens, drug and food interactions, and monitoring requirements. In the past 6 years, I have
Authors' words foster stigmatisation of commercial sex workers in India
Authors: P. Patnaik, R. Gupta, H. Lambert
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Summary</h3> Autophagy is essential for neuronal development and its deregulation contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. NDR1 and NDR2 are highly conserved kinases implicated in neuronal development, mitochondrial health and autophagy, but how they affect mammalian brain development <i>in vivo</i> is not known. Using single and double <i>Ndr1/2</i> knockout mouse models we show that, dual, but not individual loss of <i>Ndr1/2</i> in neurons causes neurodegeneration during brain development, but also in adult mice. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic comparisons between <i>Ndr1/2</i> knockout and control brains revealed novel kinase substrates and indicated that endocytosis is significantly affected in the absence of NDR1/2. We validated the endocytic protein, Raph1/Lpd1 as a novel NDR1/2 substrate and showed that both NDR1/2 and Raph1 are critical for endocytosis and membrane recycling. In NDR1/2 knockout brains, we observed prominent accumulation of transferrin receptor, p62 and ubiquitinated proteins, indicative of a major impairment of protein homeostasis. Furthermore, the levels of LC3-positive autophagosomes were reduced in knockout neurons, implying that reduced autophagy efficiency mediates p62 accumulation and neurotoxicity. Mechanistically, pronounced mislocalisation of the transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9A at the neuronal periphery, impaired axonal ATG9A trafficking and increased ATG9A surface levels further confirm defects in membrane trafficking and could underlie the impairment in autophagy. We provide novel insight into the roles of NDR1/2 kinases in maintaining neuronal health. <h3>Highlights</h3> Dual neuronal <i>Ndr1</i> and <i>Ndr2</i> knockout during development or in adult mice causes neurodegeneration. Phosphoproteomics comparison of <i>Ndr1/2</i> knockouts with control littermates shows endocytosis and membrane trafficking to be affected and reveals novel substrates. Raph1/Lamellipodin is a novel NDR1/2 substrate that is required for TfR endocytosis. <i>Ndr1/2</i> knockout brains exhibit a severe defect in ubiquitinated protein clearance and reduced autophagy. NDR1/2 and Raph1 are required for the trafficking of the only transmembrane autophagy protein, ATG9A.
Role of adipose triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) in protection from hepatic inflammation in mouse models of steatohepatitis and endotoxemia
Authors: Pooja Jha, Thierry Claudel, Anna Baghdasaryan, Michaela Mueller, Emina Halilbasic, Suman K. Das, Achim Lass, Robert Zimmermann, Rudolf Zechner, Gerald Hoefler, Michael Trauner
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatic inflammation is a key feature of progressive liver disease. Alterations of fatty acid (FA) metabolism and signaling may play an important role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Moreover, FAs activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) as a key transcriptional regulator of hepatic FA metabolism and inflammation. Since adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL/PNPLA2) is the key enzyme for intracellular hydrolysis of stored triglycerides and determines FA signaling through PPARα, we explored the role of ATGL in hepatic inflammation in mouse models of NASH and endotoxemia. Mice lacking ATGL or hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were challenged with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet as a nutritional model of NASH or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of acute hepatic inflammation. We further tested whether a PPARα agonist (fenofibrate) treatment improves the hepatic phenotype in MCD- or LPS-challenged ATGL-knockout (KO) mice. MCD-fed ATGL-KO mice, although partially protected from peripheral lipolysis, showed exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Moreover, ATGL-KO mice challenged by LPS showed enhanced hepatic inflammation, increased mortality, and torpor, findings which were attributed to impaired PPARα DNA binding activity due to reduced FABP1 protein levels, resulting in impaired nuclear FA import. Notably, liganding PPARα through fenofibrate attenuated hepatic inflammation in both MCD-fed and LPS-treated ATGL-KO mice. In contrast, mice lacking HSL had a phenotype similar to the WT mice on MCD and LPS challenge. Conclusion : These findings unravel a novel protective role of ATGL against hepatic inflammation which could have important implications for metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:858–869)
A steady eye
Authors: Richard Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

P ainters, like surgeons, need a steady hand and a good eye. Precise work involves a complicated interaction in which our eyes guide our movement. This exhibition is a collaboration of research into the physiology of hand-eye coordination in disparate activities, particularly painting and surgery. Understanding this could help to improve the training of surgeons.

The exhibition comprises 12 panels, with integral optical tests to try. Examples include playing football and pick-up sticks, as well as drawing and surgery.

Brain imaging and the tracking of eye movement give a detailed description of what artists' and surgeons' eyes are doing while they work. Eye trackers resembling high tech glasses record the direction of gaze as a function of space and time. And plots of eye movement for different activities share similar characteristics, indicating similar types of hand-eye behaviour.

The plots show differences in coordination between activities too. For example, an artist may …
Folic Acid and Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Young Kwang Chae, Jeong Hyun Yun
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eosinophil infiltration into human skin is antigen-dependent in the late-phase reaction
Authors: T.M. LITCHFIELD, C.H. SMITH, B.A. ATKINSON, P.G. NORRIS, P. ELLIOTT, D.O. HASKARD, T.H. LEE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Eosinophils play a critical role in late-phase reaction allergic inflammatory responses, although the factors responsible for selective tissue eosinophilia are currently ill-defined. To determine whether recruitment of eosinophils is allergen-specific, or a feature of inflammation in allergic individuals, we have examined cutaneous cell infiltrates and endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression in atopic subjects 6 h (n = 8) and 24 h (n = 7) following ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation, or intradermal injection of late-phase reaction allergens or diluent control, using standard immunohistochemical techniques. The numbers of eosinophils were increased significantly, when compared to controls, at both 6 h (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05), following intradermal allergen challenge, whereas no significant increase in eosinophils was observed following UVB irradiation. UVB and allergen both induced significant increases in neutrophils, monocytes and T cells at 24 h compared to control sites. An increased expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), was observed in both models of inflammation. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was induced weakly on some biopsies following allergen, and not at all following UVB. These data indicate that eosinophil infiltration in susceptible individuals is a specific property of allergen. Although this study would support the postulated role of VCAM-1 in selective eosinophil recruitment, given its variable and weak expression, additional factors are likely to be involved.
CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF EXERCISE CAPACITY IN NON-DIABETIC OVERWEIGHT PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Anders Sønderskov Jürs, Lene Roerholm Pedersen, Rasmus Olsen, Steen B. Haugaard, Eva Prescott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Imaging of thrombi with tissue-type plasminogen activator rendered enzymatically inactive and conjugated to a residualizing label.
Authors: J M Ord, J Hasapes, A Daugherty, S R Thorpe, S R Bergmann, B E Sobel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Contemporary cardiovascular practice relies increasingly on thrombolysis as a therapeutic modality. Its optimal use requires prompt, noninvasive delineation of thrombotic occlusion in arterial beds and rapid detection of reocclusion after initially successful thrombolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS We have been developing an approach to noninvasively image thrombi in which plasminogen-activating properties of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) are attenuated by treatment with D-Phe-L-Pro-L-Arg-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) and have shown that the inactive t-PA avidly and promptly binds to clots in vitro. In the present study, we conjugated this material to a residualizing label, radioiodinated dilactitol tyramine (*I-DLT), and characterized the potential use of the inactivated, conjugated t-PA as a radiopharmaceutical for imaging thrombi in vivo. The approach developed requires not only avid binding of the tracer to thrombi but also rapid clearance from plasma and a lack of prompt release of radiolabeled degradation products from the liver. The rapid clearance of unaltered or PPACK-treated t-PA was not influenced by conjugation to *I-DLT, but the release of radioiodinated degradation products into plasma after injection of *I-DLT-conjugated t-PA was markedly less than release of degradation products of directly radioiodinated t-PA. When 131I-DLT-PPACK-t-PA was infused for 15 minutes intravenously after a bolus injection of 20% in dogs with coronary, pulmonary, or carotid artery thrombi, clearance was rapid. Mean +/- SEM thrombus-to-blood ratios of radioactivity were high, ranging from 37 +/- 9:1 and 2.8 +/- 0.6:1 with carotid thrombi formed concomitantly or approximately 30 minutes before infusion of tracer, respectively, to 35:1 for concomitantly formed coronary thrombi, 42 +/- 7:1 and 8.1 +/- 0.8:1 for concomitantly formed and preformed pulmonary thrombi, respectively, and 18:1 for a preformed femoral artery thrombus. Thrombi were detectable by planar gamma scintigraphy even though image quality was affected adversely by low concentrations of radioactivity that in aggregate composed a relatively large amount of radioactivity in underlying and overlying tissues. This limitation was overcome by tomographic imaging, which was used to detect both femoral and pulmonary thrombi. CONCLUSIONS Use of enzymatically inactivated t-PA coupled to a residualizing label permits rapid detection and localization of thrombi in vivo.
Erratum to “Efficient Transduction of Skeletal Muscle Using Vectors Based on Adeno-associated Virus Serotype 6”
Authors: Michael J Blankinship, Paul Gregorevic, James M Allen, Scott Q Harper, Hollie Harper, Christine L Halbert, A Dusty Miller, Jeffrey S Chamberlain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Molecular Therapy (2004); 10, 671–678. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.07.016 Following the publication of this article, the authors noted errors in Dr Miller's name in the electronic version of the issue. The complete and correct author names are above.
Hypertensive Disease in Jamaican Necropsy Material
Authors: G. A. Stirling
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL JOURNAL together with clinical and haematological evidence for the diagnosis of acquired haemolytic anaemia.The distribution was as follows: Acquired Haemolytic Controls (6,000) Anaemias (127) 0, 45.39% .. .. 47.24% (60 cases) A, 43.28% .. .. 40.16% (51 AB, 2.748% .. .. 5.51% ( 7 B, 8.582% .. .. 7.09%( 9 The Rh distribution was: Acquired Haemolytic Controls Anaemias (6,000) Rh + ve (D +ve) .. 82.10% .. 82.16% Rh -ve (D -ve) .. 17.90% .. 17.84% From these figures there is no reason to suppose there is a strong association between blood group 0 and the disease, or that there is any marked abnormality.
SOME POINTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Authors: J. T. ESKRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In as brief a space as possible I shall endeavor to consider some differential points in the diagnosis of various affections of the central nervous system, laying especial stress on such as result from traumatism. I shall include in these the psychic effects of shock and suggestion. The first point to which to call attention is found in a short paper written by me and read by title, as I was not present, at the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Academy of Railway Surgeons, held at Chicago, in October, 1897. In this I pointed out that damages were occasionally recovered from corporations for the effects of disease that had existed many years before the occurrence of the accident in which the plaintiff testified, under oath, he had received the injuries for which he was claiming damages<sup>1</sup>. In the first case, a brief abstract of which occurs in the paper