tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Exacerbates Allergen-induced Airway Responses in Guinea Pigs
Authors: KEN-ICHI HASHIMOTO, YUKIO ISHII, YOSHIYUKI UCHIDA, TORU KIMURA, KUNIKO MASUYAMA, YUKO MORISHIMA, KUNIYOSHI HIRANO, AKIHIRO NOMURA, TOHRU SAKAMOTO, HIROHISA TAKANO, MASARU SAGAI, KIYOHISA SEKIZAWA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major air pollutant in urban areas. To clarify the effects of DE on the exacerbation of asthma, guinea pigs were exposed 12 h daily to 3 mg/m(3) DE or air for 8 wk with or without sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA). In the DE-exposed sensitized animals, both immediate (IAR) and late (LAR) airway responses were enhanced after the inhalation challenge by OVA, compared with the DE-unexposed sensitized animals. Mucus was greatly accumulated in the airways of DE-exposed sensitized animals during IAR. The number of eosinophils and level of sialic acid concentration in bronchial lavage fluids were also significantly higher in the DE-exposed sensitized animals than in the DE-unexposed control animals. During LAR, intercellular spaces of the bronchial epithelium became enlarged in the DE-exposed sensitized animals, showing infiltration by numerous eosinophils. Albumin concentration was significantly higher in the bronchial lavage fluids from the DE-exposed sensitized animals than in those from the DE-unexposed control animals. These results suggest that exposure to DE enhances mucus hypersecretion and eosinophilic inflammation during IAR. DE exposure also increases airway permeability and airway inflammation during LAR. Thus, DE exposure exacerbates allergen-induced airway responses in guinea pigs.
Lyme disease in a Hampshire child--medical curiosity or beginning of an epidemic?
Authors: D Williams, C J Rolles, J E White
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Un cas isole dans la Hampshire de cette maladie comportant erytheme migrant, arthrites, bloc auriculo-ventriculaire, troubles neurologiques etc. L'agent est un spirochete transmis par une tique. On ne peut pas savoir avant l'ete s'il s'agit du debut d'une epidemie
Abstract 5167: Notch1 is required for endothelial cell lineage differentiation from adult bone marrow stem cells <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: Hongwei Shao, Min Xiao, Long Cai, Freddy Radtke, Omaida C. Velazquez, Zhao-Jun Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background and Objectives. Adult bone-marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are able to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and subsequently endothelial cells (ECs) under appropriate conditions. BMSCs-derived EPCs/ECs contribute to post-natal neovascularization and are important tools for regenerative medicine. However, the molecular mechanism determining specific differentiation of endothelial lineage remains unknown. The Notch signaling pathway plays an integral role in the differentiation of a variety of cell lineages. We hypothesize that Notch signaling is involved in controlling endothelial lineage differentiation from BMSCs and examined the role of Notch1 signaling in this process. Methods and Results. An in vitro method for differentiation of endothelial cell lineage from murine BMSCs was developed. Mononuclear cells were isolated from mouse whole BM cells by light density separation using Ficoll-Paque® Plus, and cultured in the differentiation medium to differentiate endothelial cells. The endothelial phenotype of differentiated cells was characterized by immunostaining and flow cytometry analyses. Those fractions of cells with VEGFR2+/CD31+ or Tie2+/CD31+ were isolated and tested. VEGFR2+/CD31+ cells could form networks on the MatrigelTM, indicating that these cells are ECs. mRNA expression of Notch pathway components in VEGFR2+/CD31+ cells was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Multiple components of the Notch signaling pathway were expressed in the differentiated ECs. The effect of loss-of-function in Notch1 on the differentiation of endothelial cell lineage was examined using BMSCs from Notch1Flox/Flox mice. Cells expressing VEGFR2 were significantly decreased when Notch1 is deleted. Conclusions. A novel and reliable method has been developed to differentiate murine adult bone marrow stem cells into endothelial cell lineage in vitro. The role of Notch1 in determining endothelial cell differentiation was tested on this platform. Our results implicated that Notch1 is required for the differentiation of endothelial cell lineage from BMSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5167.
Professionals as responders: variations in and effects of response rates to questionnaires, 1961-77.
Authors: A Cartwright
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Over the past 16 years the Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care (London) approached 19 samples of British professional groups and asked them to participate in surveys (interviews or posted questionnaires).  This paper considers the factors influencing response rates and in what ways those responding may be unrespresentative of the sample as a whole.  Factors that appeared to influence response rates are type of professional (nurses respond more often than doctors -- never below 90% and general practioners respond more often than consultants);  length of questionnaire (a comparative study resulted in a shorter questionnaire out-drawing a longer one by 17 percentage points);  and subject matter of the survey.  Later surveys got lower response rates possibly a reflection of subject matter or the result of increasing apathy or antagonism toward health service research associated with the government.  General conclusions about the representativeness of the respondents when compared with basic data on those who did not respond are that younger better qualified doctors were more likely to respond and among general practioners those who worked in groups were more likely to respond.  Men and women doctors responded at about the same rates.  Variations occurred on some surveys indicating that some subject matter may be of greater interest to certain groups.  Studies that linked data from patients and professionals (comparing attitudes of patients toward their general practioners to discover differences among those general practioners who responded to specific surveys and those who did not) were also made but no general conclusions were drawn.
The hypoxia-inducible factor α pathway couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during skeletal development
Authors: Ying Wang, Chao Wan, Lianfu Deng, Ximeng Liu, Xuemei Cao, Shawn R. Gilbert, Mary L. Bouxsein, Marie-Claude Faugere, Robert E. Guldberg, Louis C. Gerstenfeld, Volker H. Haase, Randall S. Johnson, Ernestina Schipani, Thomas L. Clemens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Skeletal development and turnover occur in close spatial and temporal association with angiogenesis. Osteoblasts are ideally situated in bone to sense oxygen tension and respond to hypoxia by activating the hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) pathway. Here we provide evidence that HIFα promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis by elevating VEGF levels in osteoblasts. Mice overexpressing HIFα in osteoblasts through selective deletion of the von Hippel–Lindau gene (Vhl) expressed high levels of Vegf and developed extremely dense, heavily vascularized long bones. By contrast, mice lacking Hif1a in osteoblasts had the reverse skeletal phenotype of that of the Vhl mutants: long bones were significantly thinner and less vascularized than those of controls. Loss of Vhl in osteoblasts increased endothelial sprouting from the embryonic metatarsals in vitro but had little effect on osteoblast function in the absence of blood vessels. Mice lacking both Vhl and Hif1a had a bone phenotype intermediate between those of the single mutants, suggesting overlapping functions of HIFs in bone. These studies suggest that activation of the HIFα pathway in developing bone increases bone modeling events through cell-nonautonomous mechanisms to coordinate the timing, direction, and degree of new blood vessel formation in bone.
P21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 and p53 expression in association with DNA strand breaks in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: K Kuwano, R Kunitake, M Kawasaki, Y Nomoto, N Hagimoto, Y Nakanishi, N Hara
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The tumor suppressor p53 protein is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and it can cause either G1 arrest or apoptosis. Recently, it was shown to induce the tumor suppressor p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 (p21), which inhibits cyclin-CDK complex kinase activity. Although the etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is still uncertain, it is postulated that IPF begins with an initial inflammatory lesion localized to the alveolus and progresses on to chronic inflammation with alveolitis. We examined whether p53 and p21 are upregulated in association with chronic DNA damage in the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells in patients with IPF in an attempt to repair the injury. We performed in situ detection of DNA strand breaks or apoptosis (TUNEL) in the tissues as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p53 and p21. Positive signals by TUNEL were detected mainly in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells in 10 of 14 lung specimens from patients with IPF. On the other hand, no positive signal by TUNEL was detected in normal lung parenchyma or in specimens of pulmonary emphysema. The IHC demonstrated that p53 and p21 were expressed especially in hyperplastic bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells of lung tissues from all patients with IPF, except five specimens for p21. These results are consistent with those obtained by TUNEL. In normal lung parenchyma and specimens of pulmonary emphysema, p53 and p21 were not detected except in scattered alveolar macrophages and in the epithelial cells within localized fibrotic regions. These results suggest that p53 and p21 are upregulated in association with chronic DNA damage, resulting in either G1 arrest or apoptosis so that the DNA damage can be repaired in IPF. We speculate that chronic DNA damage and repair may lead to mutation of the p53 gene and tumorigenesis in IPF.
How is the feed-forward Pavlovian control system instantiated in neurobiology?
Authors: Joseph E. Steinmetz, Gabrielle B. Britton, John T. Green
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

While feed-forward mechanisms may be ubiquitous in biological systems that form the substrates of Pavlovian conditioning, the control system proposed by Domjan, Cusato &amp; Villarreal seems too elaborate for Pavlovian conditioning of simple skeletal muscle responses. We discuss here how the known neural substrates of classical eyeblink conditioning can be described in feed-forward terms, but argue that the monitor/comparator part of the system is not necessary and perhaps could even be detrimental to simple, nonsocial forms of Pavlovian conditioning.
Adenosine: electrophysiologic effects and therapeutic use for terminating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Authors: J P DiMarco, T D Sellers, R M Berne, G A West, L Belardinelli
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Adenosine was administered intravenously to 17 patients undergoing intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. At a mean dose of 179 +/- 88 micrograms/kg (+/- SD), adenosine suppressed sinus node automaticity and depressed atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction. These effects were less than 20 sec in duration and were not influenced by muscarinic blockade with atropine (0.02 to 0.03 mg/kg). Adenosine at this dose had no effect on antegrade conduction over accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. No independent hemodynamic effects were observed. In six patients, adenosine was administered intravenously during stimulation-induced paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In the five patients in whom the reentry loop of their tachycardia included the AV node, adenosine at a mean dose of 83 +/- 35 micrograms/kg (+/- SD) terminated their tachycardia within 20 sec after peripheral intravenous injection. The dose of adenosine required to terminate these tachycardias did not produce manifest sinus node suppression, and sinus rhythm promptly resumed in all patients. Adenosine did not terminate either supraventricular tachycardia due to intra-atrial reentry or atrial flutter, but did produce transient AV block during these arrhythmias. Our findings demonstrate that the human sinus and AV nodes are sensitive to physiologic doses of adenosine and that adenosine may be used safely and effectively to terminate acute episodes of supraventricular tachycardia that involve the AV node in the reentry pathway.
Aortic incompetence in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: P J Richardson, D J Hibbert, S. Oram
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Aortic incompetence in systemic lupus erythematosus SIR,-I was interested in the report by Dr A El-Ghobarey and others (16 October, p 915) and would like to report a case with some rather different features.
The Man With a Hole in His Face
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A CASE OF COMPOUND DISLOCATION, WITH FRACTURE OF THE LEFT ULNA.
Authors: LOUIS B. HENKEL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

After a careful search of the literature I have failed to find a case similar to the one described in this paper, and I am reporting this with the hope that it will be of benefit to other members of the profession. <h3>Patient.</h3> —On Dec. 29, 1903, C. H., aged 24, was admitted to the Emergency Hospital of this city. <h3>History.</h3> —While ascending a ladder in the afternoon of the same day he had fallen about fifteen feet to the ground below. With some building material in his hand he had ascended about two-thirds of the latter and, turning around, he lost his balance and fell to the ground below. He landed on the palm of his right hand, left wrist, knees and face. The injury to the right palm was of the lacerated variety, which required six sutures to close the wound, after which it was dressed with 10
Short Forearms and A Unique D Chromosome
Authors: Sally Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The karyotype of a 21-year-old female college student with short forearms and a maternal history of two generations (Dr. Mario Montes, personal communication) revealed a chromosome abnormality not heretofore described: A D-like chromosome with satellited prominent short arms was seen in 33 of 35 metaphases (Figure).  The variable density of the acetoorcein stain resembled that expected from superimposition of a small acrocentric chromosome with satellites or of satellited isochromosome fragments on the heterochromatic short arms of a D chromosome, following an incomplete break at the centromere. The unmatched chromosome was unlabeled after three hours' exposure to tritiated thymidine, as is the asynchronous early-labeling D 3 (15) homologue. 1   Family studies were not possible; it is uncertain, then, whether the unmatched chromosome is fortuitous or is associated with the history of familial short arms.
Application of Plastic Surgery to the Care of the Injured
Authors: G. H. Morley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Treatment of Cancer-Dickson BRIT_ 823 The wheel has now gone full circle as it were, and we are again in a position, but a much more confident position now, to investigate the hormone-dependence or otherwise of cancer in a target-organ.The metal culture chamber of Trowell has been redesigned in glass, as shown in Fig. 8, the filter-well standing in medium directly in the bottom of the unit.The glass taps make the introduction and collection of gas from the unit more efficient, and elimination of the silicone-rubber sealing-ring has led to an increase in the amount of CO2 recovered at the end of the culture period (Dickson and Leslie, 1966).It is hoped eventually to establish a routine laboratory tech- nique in which biopsy specimens from tumours will be dis- aggregated and their response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents studied in such a filter-well system.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Predict Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Simon Hughes, Olorunsola Agbaje, Rebecca L. Bowen, Deborah L. Holliday, Jacqueline A. Shaw, Stephen Duffy, J. Louise Jones
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Polymorphisms within the promoter region of several matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes have been linked to alterations in the level of transcription. We hypothesized that an individual's MMP genotype and haplotype will influence breast tumor progression and help predict prognosis. Experimental Design: This study has evaluated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter regions of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 and metastatic spread of breast cancer in 128 lymph node–negative and 93 lymph node–positive patients. The study cohort was of mixed ethnicity, with Caucasian patients comprising 65%. Associations between genotype and lymph node status were estimated by logistic regression and with overall survival using the method of Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Associations between haplotype and lymph node status were also investigated. Results: The data show a significant and independent association of the C/T genotype for MMP-9 [mixed ethnicities odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2-11.1; Caucasian odds ratio 9.1, 95% CI 1.7-48.4] and the 2G/2G genotype for MMP-1 (mixed ethnicities odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 1.7-9.4; Caucasian odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.9) with lymph node–positive disease. MMP-1 2G/2G was associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.7), although this is dependent on lymph node status. Two haplotypes, driven by the MMP-1 2G allele, were significantly associated with lymph node–positive disease and survival. Conclusions: These results suggest that MMP single-nucleotide polymorphisms influence breast cancer behavior and that the MMP-1 2G/2G genotype increases the risk of lymph node metastasis and predicts poor prognosis.
Vinyl-Chloride-Induced Liver Disease
Authors: Louis B. Thomas, Hans Popper, Paul D. Berk, Irving Selikoff, Henry Falk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Histologic examination of liver tissue (eight autopsy and 18 biopsy specimens) and five spleens from 20 workers with vinyl chloride polymerization showed hepatic angiosarcomas in 15. In addition, a peculiar pattern of progressive portal-tract, inconspicuous intralobular and conspicuous capsular fibrosis was observed in the five workers without angiosarconma, in all the seven patients with angiosarcoma from whom tumor-free portions of the liver were available, and in two tumor-free biopsies from patients subsequently found to have angiosarcoma. The fibrosis was accompanied by splenomegaly. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of both hepatocytes and hepatic and splenic mesenchymal cells were also seen. The histologic similarity to chronic inorganic arsenical poisoning, in which angiosarcomas also occur, and to idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) suggests that the latter syndrome at times results from unknown toxic, possible environmental, chemicals.
Access to Health Information and Support
Authors: Thomas R. Eng, Andrew Maxfield, Kevin Patrick, Mary Jo Deering, Scott C. Ratzan, David H. Gustafson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Information and communication technologies may help reduce health disparities through their potential for promoting health, preventing disease, and supporting clinical care for all. Unfortunately, those who have preventable health problems and lack health insurance coverage are the least likely to have access to such technologies. Barriers to access include cost, geographic location, illiteracy, disability, and factors related to the capacity of people to use these technologies appropriately and effectively. A goal of universal access to health information and support is proposed to augment existing initiatives to improve the health of individuals and the public. Both public- and private-sector stakeholders, particularly government agencies and private corporations, will need to collaboratively reduce the gap between the health information "haves" and "have-nots." This will include supporting health information technology access in homes and public places, developing applications for the growing diversity of users, funding research on access-related issues, ensuring the quality of health information and support, enhancing literacy in health and technology, training health information intermediaries, and integrating the concept of universal access to health information and support into health planning processes.
Research in Psychotherapy
Authors: Brian P. Lipton
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Of all the disciplines that man has devised to alleviate human suffering, none is more complex and controversial than psychotherapy. Few will agree on what it is, on what training a psychotherapist should have, and whose approach is most effective. There are Freudians, Adlerians, Rogerians, Meyerians, Sullivanians, Jungians, Reichians, gestaltists, behaviorists, and existentialists along with a multiplicity of group and institutional modalities. There are detractors from psychotherapy who embrace the null hypothesis and proponents who swear by a most evasive and unproved success. As if to further confound an already impossible issue, two audacious psychologists, Julian Meltzoff and Melvin Kornreich write a book suggesting that controlled research be used to see if and how psychotherapy works. Defining their termsand advancing a very impressive argument for this proposal, they then offer a brief primer on research methodology and plunge into an informative review of more than 800 relevant controlled studies in