tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Munchausen Syndrome—SLE
Authors: DENNIS J. SELKOE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 February 1970Munchausen Syndrome—SLEDENNIS J. SELKOE, M.D., CARL B. LAUTER, M.D., STEPHEN R. STEINMULLER, M.D.DENNIS J. SELKOE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CARL B. LAUTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEPHEN R. STEINMULLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-284_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A few days before Halloween a young woman laboratory technologist was admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania with complaints of hematuria, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a history of a previous diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. She described hospitalization in Manchester, England, during which a renal biopsy was made and the diagnosis of lupus nephritis established. She listed among her medications dexamethasone and parenteral pentazocine (Talwin®) which she injected at home. Her physical examination was essentially normal, and hematuria, although present on all voided urines, was not detected on two catheterized specimens.Recent letters...References1. TUNBRIDGE W: Munchausen syndrome (Letter to Editor). New Eng J Med 280:1130-1131, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TUNBRIDGE W: Unusual Munchausen syndrome (Letter to Editor). Brit Med J 2:312, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania 3400 Spruce St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMunchausen’s syndrome: report of caseMunchausen's syndrome: A syndrome of drug dependenceHypokalemia Caused by Surreptitious Self-Administration of DiureticsFRED H. KATZ, M.D., F.A.C.P., ROSEMARIE C. ECKERT, M.D., MICHAEL D. GEBOTT 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 284-284KeywordsAbdominal painBiopsyHospitalizationsLupus erythematosusLupus nephritisNauseaResearch laboratoriesUrineVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Oxygen-Dependent Microbial Killing by Phagocytes
Authors: Bernard M. Babior
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE part played by phagocytes in defense against invading pathogens has been recognized since 1883. In that year, Metschnikoff, a Russian zoologist, reported that foreign particles injected into metazoans (in Metschnikoff's experiments, starfish larvae) were taken up by a population of "wandering mesodermal cells" that resided in interstitial tissues.1 He postulated a crucial role in host defense for these wandering cells, which he named "phagocytes." Since Metschnikoff's discovery, hundreds of scientists studying dozens of species have reported thousands of studies on these cells, perhaps the most widely recognized of which are those of the eminent English physician Sir Colenso Ridgeon . . .
Positive Selection During the Diversification of Class I Vomeronasal Receptor-like (V1RL) Genes, Putative Pheromone Receptor Genes, in Human and Primate Evolution
Authors: N. I. Mundy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Vomeronasal receptors are the major receptors for pheromones in vertebrates, and five putative type 1 vomeronasal receptors (V1RL) have been identified in humans. The evolution of the V1RL1 gene in non-human primates, and patterns of selection on V1RL genes, were investigated. The presumed ortholog of V1RL1 was sequenced from 13 species of nonhuman primate, and in eight of these species V1RL1 was a pseudogene. Phylogenetic reconstructions reveal that V1RL1 pseudogene formation occurred independently in multiple primate lineages. Using maximum likelihood estimates of dN/dS ratios in PAML, we show that V1RL genes have evolved under neutral evolution in lineages in which they became a pseudogene. In contrast, among lineages in which V1RL genes contain an open reading frame, the majority of sites are under purifying selection and a minority are under significant positive selection. These results provide an interesting case where all three categories of selection can be teased apart in the same data set using maximum likelihood methods. The finding of positive selection on V1RL genes during primate evolution provides indirect support for the hypothesis that V1RL genes have a function in species-specific pheromone detection in primates.
Methods for estimation of bone marrow plasma cell involvement in myeloma: Predictive value for response and survival in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: S. Vincent Rajkumar, Rafael Fonseca, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, John A. Lust, Thomas E. Witzig, Terry M. Therneau, Robert A. Kyle, Philip R. Greipp, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract In myeloma, the bone marrow plasma cell percentage (BMPC%) is usually estimated independently on the aspirate, core biopsy, and plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) samples. This study was done to determine which of the 3 individual estimates correlates best with complete response (CR) and survival. Seventy‐five consecutive patients who underwent SCT for relapsed myeloma were studied. The median BMPC% on the marrow aspirate, core biopsy, and PCLI studies were 20, 25, and 20, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the three methods, ρ &gt; 0.65, P &lt; 0.001. However, in 8% of patients the BMPC% was different by an absolute value of 50% between methods. No individual method was predictive for CR. However, the highest estimate of the BMPC% among the three methods was a significant predictor of CR ( P = 0.02). Survival following SCT was longer among patients with a low BMPC% (≤60) by the PCLI method compared to those with higher values, median survival 23 versus 7 months, respectively, P = 0.02. PFS was also different, with survival times of 11 and 5 months, respectively, P = 0.003. Similar results were obtained when the highest estimate of the BMPC% was used in survival analysis ( P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). Statistical significance was lower when the BMPC% on the aspirate or biopsy used in survival analysis. Compared to any individual method of estimating BMPC%, the highest estimate of the BMPC% is the best predictor of CR in myeloma. It is also prognostic for poor survival and PFS following SCT for myeloma. We recommend that all three methods of estimating BMPC% be routinely performed and that the highest value be used for prognostic purposes. Am. J. Hematol. 68:269–275, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lactobacillus farciminis treatment suppresses stress induced visceral hypersensitivity: a possible action through interaction with epithelial cell cytoskeleton contraction
Authors: A Ait-Belgnaoui
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Stress induced increase in colonic paracellular permeability results from epithelial cell cytoskeleton contraction and is responsible for stress induced hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD). The probiotic <i>Lactobacillus farciminis</i> releases spontaneously nitric oxide (NO) in the colonic lumen in vivo and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed: (i) to evaluate the effects of <i>L farciminis</i> on stress induced hypersensitivity to CRD and increase in colonic paracellular permeability; and (ii) to ascertain whether these effects are NO mediated and related to changes in colonocyte myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC). <b>Methods:</b> Female Wistar rats received either 10<sup>11</sup> CFU/day of <i>L farciminis</i> or saline orally over 15 days before partial restraint stress (PRS) or sham-PRS application. Visceral sensitivity to CRD and colonic paracellular permeability was assessed after PRS or sham-PRS. Haemoglobin was used as an NO scavenger. Western blotting for MLC kinase, MLC, and p-MLC were performed in colonic mucosa from <i>L farciminis</i> treated and control rats after PRS or sham-PRS. <b>Results:</b> PRS significantly increased the number of spike bursts for CRD pressures of 30–60 mm Hg as well as colonic paracellular permeability. <i>L farciminis</i> treatment prevented both effects, while haemoglobin reversed the protective effects of <i>L farciminis</i>. p-MLC expression increased significantly from 15 to 45 minutes after PRS, and <i>L farciminis</i> treatment prevented this increase. <b>Conclusion:</b><i>L farciminis</i> treatment prevents stress induced hypersensitivity, increase in colonic paracellular permeability, and colonocyte MLC phosphorylation. This antinociceptive effect occurs via inhibition of contraction of colonic epithelial cell cytoskeleton and the subsequent tight junction opening, and may also involve direct or indirect effects of NO produced by this probiotic.
Ah receptor: relevance of mechanistic studies to human risk assessment.
Authors: J C Cook, K W Gaido, W F Greenlee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Studies of the toxic actions of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in numerous animal models and in human and animal cells in culture have established that the most characteristic pathologic lesions produced by this compound result from events initiated by the interaction of TCDD with a specific intracellular receptor protein, the Ah receptor. Although most research on the interaction of TCDD with the Ah receptor has focused on establishing involvement of this receptor complex in specific toxic responses, recent application of modern cell and molecular biology techniques is yielding new insights into the mechanism(s) of signal transduction. Elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for understanding the molecular basis of the cell and species specificity which is a hallmark of TCDD toxicity. This knowledge should provide the framework for development of a more toxicologically relevant risk assessment model.
Esophageal hematoma: a masquerade of rare occurrence
Authors: K.-L. Kwan, S. Law, K.-H. Wong, K.-F. Kwok
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 72-year-old man who was receiving warfarin treatment for atrial fibrillation presented with hematemesis associated with retrosternal discomfort. He had swallowed a chicken bone 11 days before presentation. Hemodynamically, the patient was stable. The hemoglobin level was normal, but both the prothrombin time and the international normalized ratio were prolonged. Electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation, with no ischemic changes. Endoscopy revealed an extensive longitudinal lesion with a bluish hue in the esophagus, extending from just beyond the upper esophageal sphincter to the gastroesophageal junction. It appeared as an elevated plaque bulging into the lumen of the esophagus (Figure [1]). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a concentric mural thickening along the entire length of the thoracic esophagus (Figure [2]). A diagnosis of esophageal hematoma was made. Warfarin treatment was stopped, and the patient was kept on a nothing-by-mouth regimen. A liquid diet was resumed 3 days later, and he was discharged free of symptoms after 9 days. The hematoma had regressed completely at endoscopy 8 weeks later (Figure [3]).
Outcome of 93 patients with relapse or progression following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Saiko Kurosawa, Takahiro Fukuda, Kinuko Tajima, Bungo Saito, Shigeo Fuji, Hiroki Yokoyama, Sung‐Won Kim, Shin‐Ichiro Mori, Ryuji Tanosaki, Yuji Heike, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Relapse/progression after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the major cause of treatment failure. In this study, the subsequent clinical outcome was overviewed in 292 patients with leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome who received allo-HCT. Among them, 93 (32%) showed relapse/progression. Cohort 1 was chosen to receive no interventions with curative intent (n = 25). Cohort 2 received reinduction chemotherapy and/or donor lymphocyte infusion (n = 48), and Cohort 3 underwent a second allo-HCT (n = 20). Sixty-three patients received reinduction chemotherapy, and 27 (43%) achieved subsequent complete remission (CR). The incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was similar among the three cohorts (4, 15, and 5%). The 1-year overall survival (OS) after relapse was significantly better in patients with a second HCT (58%) than in others (14%, Cohorts 1 and 2; P <.001). However, the 2-year OS did not differ between the two groups, which suggests that it is difficult to maintain CR after the second HCT. Multivariate analysis showed that reinduction chemotherapy, CR after intervention, second HCT, and longer time to post-transplant relapse were associated with improved survival. In conclusion, for patients with relapse after allo-HCT, successful reinduction chemotherapy and a second HCT may be effective for prolonging survival without excessive NRM. However, effective measures to prevent disease progression after a second HCT clearly need to be developed.
Penicillin-Resistant Gonococci
Authors: A. E. Wilkinson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In their paper on the "Validity of Reports of Penicillin-resistant Gonococci" inThe Journal, Aug. 20, page 1808, Gangarosa and Cary state that it is not clear that species of the tribe<i>Mimea</i>were specifically excluded from the surveys of the sensitivity of gonococci to penicillin recently reported from the United Sates and elsewhere. In the survey described by Curtis and myself (<i>Brit J Vener Dis</i><b>34</b>:70,1958), sensitivity determinations were performed only on strains which were fully identified as gonococci by their colonial and microscopic morphology, oxydase reaction, and fermentation tests. Organisms of the<i>Mimea</i>group can certainly cause difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of urethritis, and the emphasis that Gangarosa and Cary put on the necessity for an adequate bacteriological investigation is very welcome.
Is Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Effective in Both Shockable and Nonshockable Patients?
Authors: Florence Dumas, David Grimaldi, Benjamin Zuber, Jérôme Fichet, Julien Charpentier, Frédéric Pène, Benoît Vivien, Olivier Varenne, Pierre Carli, Xavier Jouven, Jean-Philippe Empana, Alain Cariou
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Although the level of evidence of improvement is significant in cardiac arrest patients resuscitated from a shockable rhythm (ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia [VF/V t ]), the use of therapeutic mild hypothermia (TMH) is more controversial in nonshockable patients (pulseless electric activity or asystole [PEA/asystole]). We therefore assessed the prognostic value of hypothermia for neurological outcome at hospital discharge according to first-recorded cardiac rhythm in a large cohort. Methods and Results— Between January 2000 and December 2009, data from 1145 consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in whom a successful resuscitation had been achieved were prospectively collected. The association of TMH with a good neurological outcome at hospital discharge (cerebral performance categories level 1 or 2) was quantified by logistic regression analysis. TMH was induced in 457/708 patients (65%) in VF/V t and in 261/437 patients (60%) in PEA/asystole. Overall, 342/1145 patients (30%) reached a favorable outcome (cerebral performance categories level 1 or 2) at hospital discharge, respectively 274/708 (39%) in VF/V t and 68/437 (16%) in PEA/asystole ( P &lt;0.001). After adjustment, in VF/V t patients, TMH was associated with increased odds of good neurological outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 3.06) whereas in PEA/asystole patients, TMH was not significantly associated with good neurological outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 1.36). Conclusions— In this large cohort of cardiac arrest patients, hypothermia was independently associated with an improved outcome at hospital discharge in patients presenting with VF/V t . By contrast, TMH was not associated with good outcome in nonshockable patients. Further investigations are needed to clarify this lack of efficiency in PEA/asystole.
Significance of Literacy in the Performance of Students in the First Year of the Nottingham Medical Course
Authors: I. A. Olson, H. Diack, P. J. Harrold
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The "literacy" of a fresh intake of medical students as measured by standardized vocabulary tests has been measured and correlated with examination performance during the first year. Although most students lacked an upper social class upbringing, medical parents, or a classical education, the group performed to a high standard in the tests, comparable with an English honours intake. On the other hand, there appears to be no correlation between an extensive working vocabulary and the ability to perform well in any aspect of the course, apart from the community studies. A qualification in Latin confers no advantage at all on the aspiring doctor.
Estrogen receptor β ligands: Recent advances and biomedical applications
Authors: Filippo Minutolo, Marco Macchia, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen, John A. Katzenellenbogen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Recent work elucidating the role that the estrogen receptor β (ERβ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays in regulating various physiological functions has highlighted the potential of this receptor subtype as a therapeutic target for several pathologies. In fact, molecules that are able to selectively activate ERβ hold promise for the treatment of certain cancers, as well as endometriosis, inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular and CNS conditions. Nevertheless, ERβ remains a challenging target because its ligand-binding cavity is very similar to that present in ERα, and this makes it difficult to develop ligands having sufficient levels of ERβ selectivity for therapeutic use. Nevertheless, considerable advances have recently been made in developing both nonsteroidal and steroidal ERβ-selective agonists. These molecules constitute not only important tools to probe the biological effects of the selective stimulation of ERβ, but some of them appear to be agents with considerable therapeutic potential. This study provides a detailed review of selective ERβ ligands that have been developed recently. After a brief introduction to the structure and nature of the two ERs and the biology of ERβ and its isoforms, the ligands are classified on the basis of their structures and activities. Common pharmacophore elements are highlighted throughout the description of the various chemical classes analyzed, and these elements are presented in a concluding summary overview along with a discussion of potential therapeutic applications of these agents in biomedicine.
Immediate Changes of Collateral Function After Successful Recanalization of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions
Authors: Gerald S. Werner, Barbara M. Richartz, Oliver Gastmann, Markus Ferrari, Hans R. Figulla
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Coronary collaterals are essential to maintain myocardial function in chronic total coronary occlusions (TCOs). The aim of the present study was to assess the collateral circulation in TCOs before coronary angioplasty and to determine the recruitable collateral perfusion after recanalization by use of intracoronary Doppler flow velocimetry.In 21 patients with TCOs (duration >4 weeks), Doppler recordings of basal collateral flow were obtained before the first balloon inflation. Angioplasty was performed with stent implantation in all lesions. At the end of the procedure, recruitable collateral flow was measured during a repeat balloon inflation. The collateral flow index (CFI) was calculated from the velocity integral during the occlusion/velocity integral of antegrade flow. In 17 of 21 patients, angiography was repeated after 24 hours, and CFI was reassessed. Average peak velocity of collateral flow was 10.9+/-5.6 cm/s with a predominantly systolic flow (diastolic/systolic velocity ratio <0.5) compared with antegrade flow (diastolic/systolic velocity ratio >1.5). After recanalization, the average peak velocity of recruitable collateral flow dropped by >50% to 4.7+/-2.5 cm/s. CFI fell from 0.48+/-0.25 to 0.21+/-0.16 (P:<0.001). There was no further change of CFI during the following 24 hours. CFI was higher in patients with preserved regional ventricular function than in those with akinetic myocardium (0.57+/-0.23 versus 0.38+/-0.12, P:<0.05).Collateral circulation in TCO provided 50% of antegrade coronary flow. A considerable fraction of collateral flow was immediately lost after recanalization, indicating that TCO may not remain protected from future ischemic events by a well-developed collateral function.
Longer Pauses Between CPR Compressions and Defibrillation May Decrease Survival
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nomogram Predicting Prostate Cancer–specific Mortality for Men with Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: John A. Brockman, Shaheen Alanee, Andrew J. Vickers, Peter T. Scardino, David P. Wood, Adam S. Kibel, Daniel W. Lin, Fernando J. Bianco Jr., Danny M. Rabah, Eric A. Klein, Jay P. Ciezki, Tianming Gao, Michael W. Kattan, Andrew J. Stephenson
Journal: European Urology (2014)
TRIFLUPERIDOL: A BUTYROPHENONE DERIVATIVE
Authors: D. M. GALLANT, M. P. BISHOP, E. TIMMONS, C. A. STEELE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Under double-blind conditions, the effects of trifluperidol, one of the butyrophenone derivatives, were contrasted with the effects of chlorpromazine in each of 2 groups of 18 chronic schizophrenics who had received no medications for at least 60 days. Trifluperidol had a significantly greater therapeutic effect than chlorpromazine not only in the global ratings of improvement but in the majority of the objective psychologic tests as well. Correlation between these clinical measurements was excellent. During the past 4 years of double-blind studies on our drug research ward, trifluperidol is the only experimental drug that has surpassed chlorpromazine in therapeutic efficacy.