tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for depression in hemodialysis patients: Associations with diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in the DOPPS
Authors: Antonio Alberto Lopes, Justin M. Albert, Eric W. Young, Sudtida Satayathum, Ronald L. Pisoni, Vittorio E. Andreucci, Donna L. Mapes, Nancy A. Mason, Shunichi Fukuhara, Björn Wikström, Akira Saito, Friedrich K. Port
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Tissue factor in plasma of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Naoaki Satoh, Ken Wada, Etsuko Takakuwa, Yoshinobu Seki, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Recently it has been shown that tissue factor (TF), an important trigger for initiating blood coagulation, is present in the circulating plasma. In order to assess the clinical implications of TF in plasma, plasma concentration of TF was quantitated in 65 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The mean concentration of plasma TF was elevated in patients with DIC at presentation as compared with healthy subjects (446 ± SD 536 pg/ml vs. 138 ± 51 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.001). Abnormally high levels were found only in 46.2% of the patients, predominantly in patients with non‐hematological solid tumors and acute leukemia. Plasma TF did not correlate with hemostatic markers of DIC such as thrombinantithrombin III complex, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, plasmin‐α 2 ‐plasmin inhibitor complex, FDP, D‐dimer, or fibrinogen. Serial determinations of plasma TF demonstrated that plasma TF changes roughly in parallel with the course of DIC in most patients with elevated TF at presentation of DIC. These findings suggest that plasma TF is potentially valuable for monitoring the progress of DIC in a limited population of patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
John Gibbon and His Heart-Lung Machine
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1993)

On October 3,1930, a young resident named John Gibbon spent all night monitoring the vital signs of a woman who had suffered a massive pulmonary embolus. At 8 the next morning her condition worsened. Dr Edward Churchill opened her chest and, within less than seven minutes, removed several large pulmonary emboli. Unfortunately, she never regained consciousness. This critical event motivated Gibbon to conceive of the idea of a heart-lung machine—something that might have saved his patient's life had it been available. "a grandiose and 'crazy' idea" Gibbon received little encouragement for having such a grandiose and "crazy" idea. His father, a famous surgeon, tried to steer him toward a more practical medical career. Churchill, while "not enthusiastic about the prospects for developing a workable heart-lung machine, and seriously doubting that it would ever be done," nevertheless offered Gibbon a research fellowship to work on this project. By 1937, Gibbon achieved
Discrimination and Reasonable Classification in Medicolegal Cases
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court has a rich history in the field of health law. It has decided some of the most important cases in our country concerning the constitutionality of medical and public-health laws passed by the state legislatures. In its current session the Court has decided two cases that should be of special interest to Journal readers. Both were challenges to legislative enactments alleging unconstitutional discrimination against particular classes of people. In one the Court upheld the legislation; in the other the charge was found valid, and the entire act was declared unconstitutional.The first case was a . . .
Hepatic blood volume responses and compliance in cats with long-term bile duct ligation
Authors: Joshua Schafer, Mark S. D'Almeida, Harvey Weisman, Wayne W. Lautt
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hepatic capacitance responses were compared in sham-operated and 14-day bile duct-ligated cats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Both groups were subjected to splenectomy and had the anterior hepatic nerve plexus sectioned to allow stimulation; the posterior plexus was intact. Blood volume compensation for hemorrhage was reduced in the bile duct ligation group compared with the control group: The liver compensated for 20.1% and 10.6% of blood loss, respectively. Portal hypertension did not exist and hepatic compliance was unaltered despite the presence of severe biliary hyperplasia, portal tract distortion and fibrosis. The capacitance responses to hemorrhage in the bile duct ligation group were accounted for entirely by a passive compliant response to reduced portal pressure, whereas the sham surgery group showed an additional active component. Responses of liver volume and venous resistance to norepinephrine were normal, but responses to nerve stimulation were reduced. The nerve dysfunction was not universal; reflex arterial blood pressure response to carotid occlusion was normal. The data suggest that hepatic blood volume response to hemorrhage is mediated by passive compliant responses to reduced portal pressure (stressed volume) and active responses (unstressed volume) to nerve stimulation but that long-term bile duct ligation produces selective hepatic neuropathy resulting in loss of the active component. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:969-977).
Unusual Respiratory Response to Oxygen in an Infant with Repetitive Cyanotic Episodes
Authors: PHILIP JOHN BERGER, ELIZABETH MICHALINA SKUZA, VOJTA BRODECKY, SUSAN MARGARET CRANAGE, THOMAS MICHAEL ADAMSON, MALCOLM HOWARD WILKINSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

High inspired oxygen concentrations have recently been recommended to control Cheyne-Stokes respiration in adults, with the intention of averting periodic apnea and its attendant arterial desaturation. We report a case study on an infant presenting with recurrent apnea and cyanosis in which oxygen treatment led to a gross form of respiratory instability we call episodic breathing, in which a breathing phase of 60 to 90 s alternated with an apnea lasting up to 60 s. When oxygen was discontinued, a profound arterial desaturation developed before breathing recommenced and restored oxygen levels. We propose that episodic breathing is an unusual respiratory pattern that involves the central chemoreceptors and results from the ventilatory threshold (the central Pco 2 at which breathing starts) lying considerably above the apneic threshold (the central Pco 2 at which breathing stops). This feature predisposes to lengthy periods of hyperpnea alternating with lengthy periods of apnea. We suggest that when the case infant returned to air during episodic breathing, termination of apnea was entirely dependent upon carotid body activity, which reached a sufficient level to restart breathing only when arterial desaturation was severe. We conclude that oxygen therapy involves potential risks when employed to treat respiratory disorders involving unstable breathing patterns in the infant.
Uniformly positive (&amp;gt;80%) HER2 expression maximizes sensitivity and specificity for prediction of response to trastuzumab in CALGB 9840.
Authors: DL Rimm, G Broadwater, P Friedman, D Berry, A Seidman, C Hudis, E Winer, L Harris, A Thor
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6046 Purpose: The recent ACO/CAP guidelines revised the cut-point for HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from 10% up to 30%. Recently we showed that heterogeneity of expression is a function of the assessed biomarker and, for HER2, &amp;gt;80% area of expression was most prognostic and predictive. Here we test this hypothesis in CALGB 9840, a prospective cooperative group clinical trial of Paclitaxel (P) and Trastuzumab (T).&amp;#x2028; Experimental Design: Tissue from 274 cases selected from cases with available slides from the TH arm were first scored by pathologists as 0-3+, but then again scored to assess percentage of tissue staining with prospectively chosen cut points of &amp;gt;10%, &amp;gt;30% or &amp;gt;80%. Response was assessed by modified RECIST criteria, including complete and partial response. Stable disease and progressive disease were considered non-response.&amp;#x2028; Results: Amongst the 176 cases treated with P+T there were 90 (52%) responses (PR+CR), 3 cases were unevaluable for response. In the subset of cases treated with T, there was inconsistent differences in the &amp;gt;10% vs the &amp;gt;30% categories but the &amp;gt;80% category was uniformly statistically significantly predictive of response. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves constructed to assess prediction of response showed areas under the curves (AUC) of 0.59 for IHC and 0.60 for FISH suggesting both are failed tests for defining an optimal cut-point. However, selecting only the cases scored as 3+ shows an AUC of 0.72 and the optimal cut-point is for the test is at 95% positive 3+ HER2 staining. This modification of the cut-point would have denied T to 6 of the 49 patients who responded to therapy in the 3+ group. However, there were also 41 (of 86) patients in the 0,1+ and 2+ groups that responded to therapy, raising the possibility that the response in those 6 patients may have been unrelated to T therapy.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: When using clinical outcome to assess the value of the current tests for prediction of response to T, ROC curves suggest that both the old and new HER2 tests fail at defining an optimal cut-point. However, using only strongly positive cases (3+), an acceptable test can be achieved which is maximized at 95% area of expression. This cut-point, while statistically rigorous, is limited by the fact that the patients were treated with both P and T. This result suggests a similar analysis is warranted on a larger cohort of T treated patients, perhaps in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. The availability of other options for HER2 amplified cases (ie lapatinib) and the increased use of T in the adjuvant setting warrant optimization of tests for the best possible patient selection. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6046.
Abstract B45: Met-Dependent Positive and Negative Signaling Cascades in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Andrea Z. Lai, Sean Cory, Hong Zhao, Emily S. Bell, Michael Hallett, Morag Park
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Signaling by the Met, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activates multiple downstream signaling pathways that promote cell migration and invasive growth. Cells that overexpress and are “addicted” to Met also require Met signaling to sustain cell survival. Thus, a number of specific small-molecule inhibitors have been developed to target Met in the clinic. Although several successes of RTK-targeted therapies are acknowledged, several have limited long-term success clinically, due to development of drug resistance. Initiation of RTK signaling cascades leads to the activation of a number of downstream signaling molecules, but prolonged activation also triggers negative feedback loops that function in part to abrogate this signaling. Hence, targeted inhibition of Met, in addition to suppressing Met-dependent signaling, may also release cells from negative feedback mechanisms and allow the reactivation of signaling pathways that may promote resistance to Met inhibition. As MET amplification occurs in 20–40% of gastric cancers, to identify core Met dependent signaling pathways activated in Met dependent cancers we have used four different gastric cancer cell lines that exhibit amplification, overexpression, and constitutive activation of Met. Upon inhibition of Met with a small-molecule inhibitor, we observe abrogation of several downstream signaling pathways at both the protein phosphorylation and transcript level. Interestingly, as Met has been demonstrated to cross-talk with the EGF receptor family, we also observe a decrease in the phosphorylation of EGFR and HER3 upon treatment with Met inhibitor, and a decrease in expression of EGFR ligands. Conversely, Met inhibition results in an elevation in expression of HER3 transcript and protein in all 4 cell lines, implicating Met signaling in HER3 repression, and inhibition of Met may release HER3 from this negative regulation. As increases in HER3 phosphorylation and expression occur in other models (such as breast or lung cancer cell lines) upon treatment with EGFR, HER2, or AKT inhibitors, and high HER3 expression is strongly associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in gastric cancer; hence, the loss of negative regulation of HER3, downstream from Met, may ultimately contribute to clinical efficacy, or lack thereof, of Met inhibitors.
Absence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Exacerbates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Enhances Contractility of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Laura E. Fredenburgh, Olin D. Liang, Alvaro A. Macias, Thomas R. Polte, Xiaoli Liu, Dario F. Riascos, Su Wol Chung, Scott L. Schissel, Donald E. Ingber, S. Alex Mitsialis, Stella Kourembanas, Mark A. Perrella
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is upregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) during hypoxia and may play a protective role in the response of the lung to hypoxia. Selective COX-2 inhibition may have detrimental pulmonary vascular consequences during hypoxia. Methods and Results— To investigate the role of COX-2 in the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia, we subjected wild-type and COX-2–deficient mice to a model of chronic normobaric hypoxia. COX-2–null mice developed severe pulmonary hypertension with exaggerated elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure, significant right ventricular hypertrophy, and striking vascular remodeling after hypoxia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling in COX-2–deficient mice was characterized by PASMC hypertrophy but not increased proliferation. Furthermore, COX-2–deficient mice had significant upregulation of the endothelin-1 receptor (ET A ) in the lung after hypoxia. Similarly, selective pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 in wild-type mice exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and resulted in PASMC hypertrophy and increased ET A receptor expression in pulmonary arterioles. The absence of COX-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells during hypoxia in vitro augmented traction forces and enhanced contractility of an extracellular matrix. Treatment of COX-2–deficient PASMCs with iloprost, a prostaglandin I 2 analog, and prostaglandin E 2 abrogated the potent contractile response to hypoxia and restored the wild-type phenotype. Conclusions— Our findings reveal that hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling are exacerbated in the absence of COX-2 with enhanced ET A receptor expression and increased PASMC hypertrophy. COX-2–deficient PASMCs have a maladaptive response to hypoxia manifested by exaggerated contractility, which may be rescued by either COX-2–derived prostaglandin I 2 or prostaglandin E 2 .
Open surgery better than laparoscopic for repair of inguinal hernia
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The open surgical repair of primary inguinal hernias is better than the laparoscopic technique for mesh repair, a new study has shown ( New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350: 1819-27).

Laparoscopic primary repair of hernias had been previously reported to result in low recurrence rates and to be associated with substantially less pain in the immediate postoperative period and earlier return to normal activities compared to open repair ( New England Journal of Medicine 1997;336; 1541-7). But the laparoscopic technique requires general anaesthesia (because the abdominal cavity has to be inflated with air) and it is more often …
Plastic material from a syringe causing fatal bowel necrosis in a neonate
Authors: A J Cant, W Lenney, N Kirkham
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Une observation. Un nouveau-ne atteint de syndrome de detresse respiratoire est reanime avec ventilation et catheterisme de l'artere ombilicale; differentes injections sont faites dans le catheter. Apres ablation du catheter, l'abdomen est distendu et la paroi devient noirâtre, le nouveu-ne meurt de necrose intestinale a l'âge de 52 j. Les arteres mesenteriques sont thrombosees a cuse de fragments de plastique provenant des seringues
Ian Charles Fuller
Authors: J. Larcombe
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the incubation period of Vietnamese confirmed COVID-19 cases. <h3>Methods</h3> Only confirmed COVID-19 cases who are Vietnamese and locally infected with available data on date of symptom onset and clearly defined window of possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure were included. We used three parametric forms with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method for Bayesian Inference to estimate incubation period for Vietnamese COVID-19 cases. Leave-one-out Information Criterion was used to assess the performance of three models. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 19 cases identified from 23 Jan 2020 to 13 April 2020 was included in our analysis. Average incubation periods estimated using different distribution model ranged from 6.0 days to 6.4 days with the Weibull distribution demonstrated the best fit to the data. The estimated mean of incubation period using Weibull distribution model was 6.4 days (95% credible interval (CrI): 4.89–8.5), standard deviation (SD) was 3.05 (95%CI 3.05–5.30), median was 5.6, ranges from 1.35 to 13.04 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles). Extreme estimation of incubation periods is within 14 days from possible infection. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This analysis provides evidence for an average incubation period for COVID-19 of approximately 6.4 days. Our findings support existing guidelines for 14 days of quarantine of persons potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Although for extreme cases, the quarantine period should be extended up to three weeks.
Distribution and abundance of dust mites within homes
Authors: M. J. Colloff
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The distribution and abundance of dust mites can be modelled on three scales: the microhabitat scale (different habitats within homes), the macrohabitat scale (between homes), and the regional scale. This paper focuses on the first. Those parts of a home in which dust mite populations thrive will tend to be homogeneous in respect of key habitat suitability determinants. The more widespread such determinants, the greater the risk of high mite populations and allergen load. Habitat suitability determinants include an adequate textile substratum, optimal temperature and humidity, and food resources of appropriate quality, as well as other, currently unknown, requirements. Each determinant will have a characteristic distribution within any home, and they can be conceptualized as a series of overlays, or three‐dimensional Venn diagrams, with the areas of overlap representing the most suitable sites for mite survival. That a population of dust mites is focused by constraining biotic and abiotic determinants means that spatial and temporal distribution and abundance are predictable, because the characteristics of the principal foci define optimal conditions for population growth. This concept, known as “focality”, provides a framework for prediction of sites of high density of mite population and allergen exposure, as well as a basis for manipulating the microenvironment for control purposes.
Transient Triglyceridemia Decreases Vascular Reactivity in Young, Healthy Men Without Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Pia Lundman, Maria Eriksson, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Fredrik Karpe, Per Tornvall
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hypertriglyceridemia is now accepted as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, although the mechanism behind the increased risk is not well understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of triglyceridemia on endothelial function, because impaired endothelial function is considered a marker of atherogenesis. Methods and Results Flow- and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation of the brachial artery was investigated noninvasively by high-resolution ultrasound technique in seven young, healthy men without risk factors for coronary heart disease. Transient triglyceridemia was induced by infusion of a triglyceride emulsion, Intralipid, which raised free fatty acid concentrations twofold and triglyceride levels fourfold. Flow-induced vasodilatation decreased from 7.1±3.0% to 1.6±2.6% ( P &lt;.0002), whereas nitroglycerin-induced vasodilatation decreased from 20.5±5.8% to 11.5±3.2% ( P &lt;.002) before and after 1 hour of infusion of Intralipid, respectively. Conclusions Transient triglyceridemia decreases vascular reactivity, presumably by both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms.
Third Heart Sound: Possible Role of Pericardium in its Production
Authors: F. LOWELL DUNN, WILLIAM J. DICKERSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The disappearance of a third heart sound in a case of calcific pericarditis after surgery together with a quantitative study of the time and frequency relations of the third heart sound in 70 cases suggests that the tensing of the pericardium is a factor in its production. The frequency characteristics of the third heart sound are such that it may be identified in the presence of a diastolic murmur.
T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Patients with Classic Hemophilia Treated with Cryoprecipitate and Lyophilized Concentrates
Authors: Jay E. Menitove, Richard H. Aster, James T. Casper, Stephen J. Lauer, Jerome L. Gottschall, James E. Williams, Joan C. Gill, Dana V. Wheeler, Vicki Piaskowski, Phyllis Kirchner, Robert R. Montgomery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

PATIENTS with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) include male homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers, and Haitian immigrants to the United States.1 2 3 Approximately half the patients have contracted Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a third Kaposi's sarcoma, and 10 per cent concurrent Kaposi's sarcoma and P. carinii pneumonia. The mortality rate approaches 40 per cent. Persistent generalized lymphadcnopathy and diffuse undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have also been reported in homosexual males and are considered part of the AIDS.4 , 5 Nine patients (six with Kaposi's sarcoma and three with P. carinii pneumonia) were found to have had sexual contact with other AIDS patients.6 Among homosexual patients, studies . . .