tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Images of doctors
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

What picture of doctors emerges from this week’s journal? Forget the news stories—which have the usual fare of doctors up before the GMC (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4194), being investigated for conflicts of interest (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4083), and defending themselves and their patients against various sorts of bureaucracy (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4168). Look instead at the rest of the journal. Here is a succession of images of doctors as people who think completely differently from their patients; are part of the problem when it comes to social inequality; are susceptible to moral deformation through the pursuit of ambition; yet talk to each other across a big divide.

Not surprisingly, most of these images come from the review pages. They start with Christopher Martyn’s …
202 EFFECTS ON ANGIOGENESIS AND METASTASIS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER THE INHIBITION OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1α AND INTERLEUKIN-8
Authors: S.H. KwonChoi, O.J. Kwon, J.Y. Park, D.Y. Kim, S.H. Ahn, W.S. Ro, C.O. Yun, K.-H. Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Infusion of allogeneic-related HLA mismatched mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of incomplete engraftment following autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: L Fouillard, A Chapel, D Bories, S Bouchet, J-M Costa, H Rouard, P Hervé, P Gourmelon, D Thierry, M Lopez, N C Gorin
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Genomic analysis reveals the major driving forces of bacterial life in the rhizosphere
Authors: Miguel A Matilla, Manuel Espinosa-Urgel, José J Rodríguez-Herva, Juan L Ramos, María Isabel Ramos-González
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background Mutualistic interactions less well known than those between rhizobia and legumes are commonly found between plants and bacteria, frequently pseudomonads, which colonize roots and adjacent soil areas (the rhizosphere). Results A global analysis of Pseudomonas putida genes expressed during their interaction with maize roots revealed how a bacterial population adjusts its genetic program to this lifestyle. Differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing rhizosphere-colonizing populations with three distinct controls covering a variety of nutrients, growth phases and life styles (planktonic and sessile). Ninety rhizosphere up-regulated ( rup ) genes, which were induced relative to all three controls, were identified, whereas there was no repressed gene in common between the experiments. Genes involved in amino acid uptake and metabolism of aromatic compounds were preferentially expressed in the rhizosphere, which reflects the availability of particular nutrients in root exudates. The induction of efflux pumps and enzymes for glutathione metabolism indicates that adaptation to adverse conditions and stress (oxidative) response are crucial for bacterial life in this environment. The finding of a GGDEF/EAL domain response regulator among the induced genes suggests a role for the turnover of the secondary messenger c-diGMP in root colonization. Several mutants in rup genes showed reduced fitness in competitive root colonization. Conclusion Our results show the importance of two selective forces of different nature to colonize the rhizosphere: stress adaptation and availability of particular nutrients. We also identify new traits conferring bacterial survival in this niche and open a way to the characterization of specific signalling and regulatory processes governing the plant- Pseudomonas association.
Cause of Beriberi on American Whalers.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1899)

New York City, Oct. 25, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The whaling bark,<i>Greyhound</i>, came into port at New Bedford, Mass., Nov. 4, 1897, with a tale of distress and death. Two of her crew had succumbed to beriberi, and the body of a third, who had died a few days before, was brought into port. There were also five men sick with the disease, in the forecastle. Although the<i>Greyhound</i>had been five years on the cruise, when she touched at St. Helena six months before, all the members of the crew were in good health. The men were not stricken with the disease until about a month before she reached port, while the bark was homeward bound. The third man died two days before reaching port. The captain's wife was on board and nursed the men. She and the captain were not sick. Although the<i>Greyhound</i>was well provisioned,
Barriers to Health Care Research for Children and Youth With Psychosocial Problems
Authors: Sarah McCue Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The 1999 surgeon general's report on mental health concluded that insufficient attention to mental health disorders is being paid in children's primary medical care services. This lack of attention has occurred despite considerable attention to this issue in the planning documents of many federal agencies.To assess the extent to which federal agencies' portfolios of funded research grants were consistent with the directives for primary care-based mental health services for children and adolescents featured in their planning documents.A cross-sectional review of the 66 749 abstracts listed in the April 2001 Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) database of currently funded research grants supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Abstracts were rated by whether they targeted primary care, examined behavioral or emotional issues, and examined or modified a facet of primary care.Of the 45 022 research abstracts in the CRISP database, 2720 (6%) contained the words children, adolescents, or youth. Sixty-three abstracts contained work on children, adolescents, or youth in primary care (0.14% of the portfolio). Of these 63 abstracts, only 21 (0.05% of the portfolio) addressed behavioral or emotional issues. Of the 21 projects, only 11 examined aspects of the primary care process. When the distribution of child and adult studies on the treatment of depression within primary care settings was examined, it was found that adults received 15 times the research attention compared with children.Even though the importance of primary care as a system for identifying and treating behavioral and emotional problems in children has been recognized for more than 20 years, little attention is being paid to this topic in the research portfolios of the National Institutes of Health and other federal agencies that support research.
Macroamylasaemia: how common is it?
Authors: C E Boyle, C G Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1985)

footplate when the canvas heel loops were torn away and the protective plastic caps lost.Two wheelchairs had a brake mechanism missing on one wheel, and on two others the footplates had been tied with string because they were loose.Faultsfound in 123 hospital wheelchairs No (%) of No (%) of Fault wheelchairs Fault wheelchairs Defective pneumatic tyres 56 (46)* Defective footrest plates 39 (32) Soft 37 Missing 27 Punctured 16 Spikes 6 Leaking valve 2 Loose or stiff 6 Worn 1 Defective arms 14 (11) Defective brakes 75 (61) Dangerous 10 Torn seat or backrest 10 (8) Missing 4 Defective steering 2 (2) *57% of the 98 wheelchairs with pneumatic tyres.During the two months 11 accidents related to wheelchairs were reported.In five of these a defective wheelchair was partly or completely responsible for the patient's injury.One patient received a laceration to her hand from an exposed bolt on the armrest, and another sustained a large shin laceration when a loose footrest plate dropped down during transfer.Three patients fell while getting up from wheelchairs with defective brakes.
The Autonomic Nervous System in Early Life
Authors: Earle L. Lipton, Alfred Steinschneider, Julius B. Richmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Blood PressureA number of investigators have described the changes in systolic blood pressure during the first hours of life.6, 66 , 67 A more recent study confirmed these earlier descriptions of increased heart rate and blood pressure immediately after birth, both falling during the first few hours along with body temperature.66 The blood-pressure decrease, which often followed the other parameters, may have been related to the opening of pulmonary and intestinal vascular beds and possibly decreased plasma volume. Maintaining a constant body temperature did not modify the systolic blood-pressure changes. Toxemia, cesarean section and fetal distress have been associated with lower mean . . .
Origin of Teratomas
Authors: Park S. Gerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Benign cystic teratomas of the ovary, the so-called dermoid cysts of the ovary, are the most common type of teratoma. They occur in women during the years of active ovulation, a fact that has suggested that these tumors might arise from a meiotic cell. This view has now been substantiated by the cytogenetic and isozymic studies of Linder et al. described in this issue of the Journal.Linder's present paper is the culmination of a series of studies. In his earlier publications,1 , 2 Linder demonstrated that tissues from ovarian teratomas were unique in that they were frequently homozygous at loci . . .
Better schoolgrounds and pet dogs improve children's activity levels
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Renovated schoolgrounds improve children’s levels of physical activity, a US study has found, and a study carried out in three English cities showed that children whose families owned a dog were more active than other children. Both studies were published in the American Journal of Public Health (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.178939; doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.188193).

While at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity are recommended for children to reduce the risk of obesity, only 2% of US public elementary schools provide daily sessions of physical education or its equivalent, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

The authors, who are affiliated with the University of Colorado Denver and the University of Hawaii, compared children’s activity levels at nine elementary schools, all in low income areas: three control …
THE INFLUENCE OF PREVIOUS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON 12-MONTH CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Seung Woon Rha, Lin Wang, Ji Young Park, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Sureshkumar Ramasamy, Byoung Geol Choi, Ji Bak Kim, Seung Yong Shin, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh, Myung Ho Jeong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Thromboxane synthase expression co-localizes with infiltrating macrophages in renal allograft biopsies
Authors: Eva A. Berkes, Byron P. Croker, Yousri M. Barri, John C. Peterson, Christopher S. Wilcox, Eleanor L. Ramos
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

Thromboxane synthase (TS) catalyzes the formation of the eicosanoid thromboxane (TxA 2 ), which is a potent vasoconstrictor and activator of platelet aggregation. It has a widespread distribution, including hemopoietic cells (platelets, macrophages, monocytes) and many tissues, such as lung, liver, kidney, and spleen [1]. Cultured renal cells including mesangial cells, tubular epithelia, and medullary interstitial cells have also been found to produce TxA 2  [2]. TxA 2  has been proposed as a potential mediator of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in renal allografts. In this light, the TS inhibitor, CGS 13080, has been used to attenuate the decrease in renal function caused by cyclosporine, but with mixed results [4, 5]. In human renal allografts undergoing acute or chronic rejection, we found thromboxane synthase expression in cells which appear to be infiltrating macrophages or monocytes by morphology [3]. This study describes an immunohistochemical technique utilized to confirm whether parenchymal renal cells or macrophages account for this TS enzyme expression. This method is based in histochemical double-labeling technique utilizing the immunoperoxidase avidin/biotin system and two monoclonal antibodies: Kon 7 and KP1. Kon 7 is a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against TS [2]. KP1 is a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody directed against the CD68 antigen present in a lysosomal fraction of human lung macrophages and identifies macrophages and other phagocytic mononuclear cells [6].
Cases in the Hospital-Practice of T. M. Greenhow, Esq., Senior Surgeon to the Newcastle-On-Tyne Infirmary
Authors: C. J. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1845)

NEWCASTLE.ON-fTNE INFIkMAR.e - typhoid state,-a most unpleasant addition to the can' cerous cachexia.It confirms the observation of Scarpa and Sir Charles Bell, that organs in which heterolo- gous growths are developed, do not necessarily exceed healthy organs in bulk, and do frequently fall below the healthy standard.Cruveilbier states that the carcinomatous tumour is very rarely fouind to exist tingly in the liver; and that in the few cases which fell under bis own notice, there invariably co-existed a. certain number of small miliary tuinours, which escaped a superficial glance.There was no such co-existence in the above case, minute search having in vain been made for these miliary tumours.He further speaks of scirrhus of the gall-bladder occurring independently, and also as a consequence of the carcinomatous state of the liver; this last seeming to be the ease in the only two other instances which I immediately recollect, viz., those detailed by Dr.Bright, in 4uy's Hospital Reports, and nuimbered 29 and 30., Iu 29 the liver was of a scirrhous hardness.throughout, and the gall-bladder the seat of scirrkocontraction around a biliary calculus.In 30 the liver was inyaded by cancer in disseminated masses, "and the coatS of the .gall-bladderwere about a quarter of an inch thick,.somewhat resembling a scirrhous stomach, and very much contracted."
Renal Carcinoma: Fever, Anemia, and Hyperhaptoglobinemia
Authors: JOHN C. MARSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 November 1974Renal Carcinoma: Fever, Anemia, and HyperhaptoglobinemiaJOHN C. MARSH, M.D.JOHN C. MARSH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-707 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In 1972 McPhedran and co-workers (1) reported a patient from this institution with renal carcinoma and the triad of fever, anemia, and hyperhaptoglobinemia (2). An elevation in alpha-2 globulin, marrow plasmocytosis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia, and hypoferremia were also observed, which became normal after a left nephrectomy in August 1969 with the removal of a 6 cm clear cell adenocarcinoma. I wish to report follow-up information; this patient has developed metastases over the next 5 years in different sites with similar chemical and hematologic changes (Table 1).After surgery this patient was well until June 1972, when a...References1. MCPHEDRANFINCHNEMERSON PSY: Alpha-2 globulin "spike" in renal carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 76:439-441, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BOWMANMARTINEZ HE: Fever, anemia and hyperhaptoglobinemia. An extrarenal triad of hypernephroma. Ann Intern Med 68:613-620, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN C. MARSH, M.D.Affiliations: Section of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBiomarkers of renal cell carcinomaThe relationship of lactoferrin to the anemia of renal cell carcinomaSerum Iron: a Tumour Marker in Renal CarcinomaLa fièvre dans les cancers du rein de l'adulteResponse of serum haptoglobin to hormone treatment and the relation of pretreatment values to mortality in patients with prostatic cancer 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 707-708KeywordsAdenocarcinomaAnemiaBone marrowFeversGlobulinsLeukocytosisNephrectomyRenal cell carcinomaSurgeryThrombocytosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical progression of hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Juan A. Pineda, José A. García-García, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, María J. Ríos-Villegas, Josefa Ruiz-Morales, Antonio Rivero, José del Valle, Rafael Luque, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Mercedes González-Serrano, Angela Camacho, Juan Macías, Israel Grilo, Jesús M. Gómez-Mateos
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Little is known about the natural history of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected subjects under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The objectives of this study were to obtain information about the mortality, the incidence of hepatic decompensations, and the predictors thereof in this population. In a multicenter cohort study, the time to the first hepatic decompensation and the survival of 1,011 antiretroviral naïve, HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who started HAART and who were followed prospectively were analyzed. After a median (Q1-Q3) follow-up of 5.3 (2.9-7.1) years, 59(5.83%) patients developed a hepatic decompensation and 69 (6.82%) died, 30 (43%) of them because of liver disease. The factors independently associated [HR (95% CI)] with the occurrence of hepatic decompensations were age older than 33 years [2.11 (1.18-3.78)], female sex [2.11 (1.07-4.15)], Centers for Disease Control stage C [2.14 (1.24-3.70)], a diagnosis of cirrhosis at baseline [10.86 (6.02-19.6)], CD4 cell gain lower than 100/mm3 [4.10 (2.18-7.69)] and less than 60% of the follow-up with undetectable HIV viral load [5.23 (2.5-10.93)]. Older age [2.97 (1.18-7.50)], lack of HCV therapy [11.32 (1.44-89.05)], hepatitis D virus coinfection [16.15 (2.45-106.48)], a diagnosis of cirrhosis at recruitment [13.69 (5.55-34.48)], hepatic encephalopathy [62.5 (21.27-200)] and lower CD4 cell gain [3.63 (1.45-9.09)] were associated with mortality due to liver failure.End-stage liver disease is the primary cause of death in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients under HAART. Higher increase of CD4 cell counts, lack of markers of serious liver disease and therapy against HCV are factors associated with better hepatic outcome.
The detection of impending failure in implanted pacemakers
Authors: J. G. Davies, H. Siddons
Journal: Thorax (1969)

As implantable pacemakers last a variable time, it is desirable to be able to foretell when each individual pacemaker is nearing the end of its life. A test which detects a number of different impending electronic failures including battery depletion is described. The test requires only standard laboratory equipment and has been used for four years as a three-monthly procedure in an out-patient clinic. In 17 of 19 consecutive patients the test has enabled a change of pacemaker to be carried out electively. rather than after an arbitrary period or as an emergency when pacing has failed.
Improvements in Mucopolysaccharidosis I Mice After Adult Retroviral Vector–mediated Gene Therapy with Immunomodulation
Authors: Xiucui Ma, Yuli Liu, Mindy Tittiger, Anne Hennig, Attila Kovacs, Sarah Popelka, Baomei Wang, Ramin Herati, Mark Bigg, Katherine P Ponder
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is caused by deficient alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) activity and results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and multisystemic disease. Gene therapy could program cells to secrete mannose 6-phosphate-modified IDUA, and enzyme in blood could be taken up by other cells. Neonatal retroviral vector (RV)-mediated gene therapy has been shown to reduce the manifestations of murine MPS I; however, intravenous injection of RV into adults was ineffective owing to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against transduced cells. In this study, prolonged inhibition of CD28 signaling with CTLA4-Ig, or transient administration of CTLA4-Ig with an anti-CD40 ligand antibody or with an anti-CD4 antibody, resulted in stable expression in most mice that received RV as adults. Mice with stable expression had 81 +/- 41U/ml IDUA activity in serum. This resulted in reductions in bone disease, improvements in hearing and vision, and reductions in biochemical and pathological evidence of lysosomal storage in most organs. Improvements in brain were likely due to diffusion of enzyme from blood. However, aortic disease was refractory to treatment. This demonstrates that most manifestations of MPS I can be prevented using adult gene therapy if an immune response is blocked.
Do high lipids help clearance of hepatitis C?
Authors: S. Ryder
Journal: Gut (2007)

High triglyceride levels may be a factor in the high rate of spontaneous clearance of HCV

A large volume of evidence suggests that lipids and lipid receptors are important in hepatitis C infection.

Hepatic steatosis is common, with at least 65% of liver biopsy specimens demonstrating steatosis. In genotype 3 infection, a specific mechanism of steatosis induction exists, via core antigen expression. The incidence of diabetes is higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and increases with increasing severity of liver disease. The mechanism of this is via insulin resistance, but it is uncertain whether hepatic steatosis is a result of the insulin resistance or plays a pivotal role in its induction.

HCV is associated with lipid in the serum and almost certainly uses lipid receptors to enter hepatocytes. The low-density fractions of serum contain HCV RNA particles and lipoviral particles (LVP) associated with triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. Such particles rich in TG have been shown to contain viral capsid and RNA.1 TG is contained within chylomicrons or within very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Chylomicrons are synthesised in the intestine and transported via lymph into the circulation where they are broken down by the action of lipoprotein lipase in many cell types. The chylomicron remnant is then taken up by the liver via the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLr) or the LDL receptor-related protein. Chylomicrons contain apolipoprotein B48 at …
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationship of an Oral, Selective, First-in-Class, Potent IDH2 Inhibitor, AG-221, from a Phase 1 Trial in Patients with Advanced IDH2 Mutant Positive Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Bin Fan, Yue Chen, Fang Wang, Katharine Yen, Luke Utley, Caroline Almon, Scott Biller, Sam Agresta, Hua Yang
Journal: Blood (2014)
Comment on: Lipsky et al. Developing and Validating a Risk Score for Lower-Extremity Amputation in Patients Hospitalized for a Diabetic Foot Infection. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1695–1700
Authors: Javier Aragón-Sánchez, Jose Luis Lázaro-Martínez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We have carefully read the article by Lipsky et al. (1) who have developed a novel risk score for lower-extremity amputation (LEA) in patients hospitalized for a diabetic foot infection. For this purpose, the authors used data from a clinical research database of patients hospitalized in 97 acute-care hospitals in the U.S. that was compiled by CareFusion (CareFusion, Department of Clinical Research, Marlborough, MA). Lipsky et al. reported on a series of 3,018 patients who met the inclusion criteria for a diabetic foot infection that was culture-documented within 48 h of admission.

This current series seems to be the same series and database that Lipsky et al. used for a previous study dealing …