tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Glutamine Administration Induces Heat-Shock Protein 70 Expression and Attenuates Cardiopulmonary Bypass–Induced Inflammatory Response by Regulating Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity
Authors: Yoshitaka Hayashi, Yoshiki Sawa, Naoto Fukuyama, Hiroe Nakazawa, Hikaru Matsuda
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays a major role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, and the induction of HSP70 before the onset of inflammation can reduce organ damage through a self-protective system. Glutamine is known to be an inducer of HSP70, and its preoperative administration seems useful in attenuating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced inflammatory response.Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (group G, received 100 mg/kg of glutamine via the right jugular vein 3 times per day for 1 week and just before the initiation of CPB; group C served as control) underwent CPB (60 minutes, 100 mL/kg per minute, 34 degrees C) and were killed 3 hours after the termination of CPB. Group G showed significantly lower plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 after CPB termination. Myocardial and respiratory damages were significantly attenuated in group G, as evidenced by Langendorff perfusion, respiratory index, and neutrophil adherence. HSP70 expressions in the heart, lung, and liver were detected only in group G before CPB and were markedly stronger in group G 3 hours after CPB termination. Although plasma nitrate+nitrite concentrations were not significantly different between the groups, endothelial-constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was markedly preserved and inducible NOS activity was markedly attenuated in the tissues of group G.These results suggest that preoperative glutamine administration induces HSP70 expression before CPB and attenuates CPB-induced inflammation by regulating NOS activity, which may be a prospective management for conferring tolerance to CPB-induced inflammatory response through a self-protective mechanism.
Major Depressive Disorder Following Miscarriage
Authors: Denis J. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Neugebauer and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have rendered a valuable contribution with their work on the incidence of major depressive disorder after miscarriage. As they correctly point out, their results should encourage physicians to observe patients carefully following miscarriage for indications that mental health intervention may be needed. However, their use of the diagnosis "major depressive disorder" may be inappropriate, at least for some of their subjects. The authors report that 72% of their subjects were diagnosed within 1 month of the loss. According to the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition</i>(<i>DSM-IV</i>),<sup>2</sup>following the death of a loved one, "the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder is generally not given unless the symptoms are still present 2 months after the loss." Similarly, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, the instrument used by Neugebauer and associates,<sup>1</sup>considers whether the symptoms began within 2 months of the death
Use of Brand Names in Place of Generics-Reply
Authors: Michael D. Kogan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Davis points out that in our study we used the brand name Tylenol rather than the generic term acetaminophen. Our intention was not to advertise a certain product. However, for providing the most accurate assessments of over-the-counter pediatric medication use in a population-based survey, it was recognized that in certain instances more respondents would probably recognize a brand name rather than the generic name. Davis unintentionally makes this same point about the lesser comprehension of the term acetaminophen by indicating that when he recommends acetaminophen parents ask if he means Tylenol. Moreover, we also included the category  nonprescription pain relievers or fever reducers in the survey questionnaire to capture other products containing acetaminophen.
Human Infection Due to Recombinant Vaccinia–Rabies Glycoprotein Virus
Authors: Charles E. Rupprecht, Leonard Blass, Kathy Smith, Lillian A. Orciari, Michael Niezgoda, Sylvia G. Whitfield, Robert V. Gibbons, Marta Guerra, Cathleen A. Hanlon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted from animals to humans. It causes more than 35,000 human deaths per year.1 Successful application of veterinary vaccines can eliminate canine rabies in an area, but control of rabies in free-ranging carnivores requires other strategies, such as oral vaccination.2 Live viral vaccines containing modified live rabies or recombinant vaccinia–rabies glycoprotein virus, placed in a bait, are used for disease control in Europe and North America.2–5 In the United States, more than 22 million doses of vaccinia–rabies glycoprotein vaccine were distributed from 1990 to 2000, mainly to control rabies in raccoons in the . . .
Phase 2 study of subcutaneous omacetaxine mepesuccinate for chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients resistant to or intolerant of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: J. Cortes, R. Digumarti, P.M. Parikh, M. Wetzler, J.H. Lipton, A. Hochhaus, A.R. Craig, A.‐C. Benichou, F.E. Nicolini, H.M. Kantarjian
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (omacetaxine) is a first-in-class cephalotaxine with a unique mode of action, independent of BCR-ABL, that has shown promising activity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This multicenter, noncomparative, open-label phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous omacetaxine in CML patients with resistance or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); results in patients in chronic phase are reported here. Patients received subcutaneous omacetaxine 1.25 mg/m² twice daily days 1-14 every 28 days until hematologic response (up to a maximum of six cycles), then days 1-7 every 28 days as maintenance. Primary endpoints were rates of hematologic response lasting >8 weeks and major cytogenetic response (MCyR). Forty-six patients were enrolled: all had received imatinib, 83% had received dasatinib, and 57% nilotinib. A median 4.5 cycles of omacetaxine were administered (range, 1-36). Hematologic response was achieved or maintained in 31 patients (67%); median response duration was 7.0 months. Ten patients (22%) achieved MCyR, including 2 (4%) complete cytogenetic responses. Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.9-8.9 months], and overall survival was 30.1 months (95% CI, 20.3 months-not reached). Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity included thrombocytopenia (54%), neutropenia (48%), and anemia (33%). Nonhematologic adverse events were predominantly grade 1/2 and included diarrhea (44%), nausea (30%), fatigue (24%), pyrexia (20%), headache (20%), and asthenia (20%). Subcutaneous omacetaxine may offer clinical benefit to patients with chronic-phase CML with resistance or intolerance to multiple TKI therapies.
The HIV Testing Policies of US Hospitals
Authors: Keith Henry, Scott Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  The recent article by Lewis and Montgomery1on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing policies of US hospitals was a valuable contribution to information on that topic. Since policy decisions about hospital-based HIV testing will likely be influenced by their study, we raise several questions. First, who exactly is the chief hospital administrator (eg, the president, chief executive officer, chief of staff)? Second, does that person actually know what the hospital's HIV testing policy is? In our studies of knowledge and attitudes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hospital administrative staff were found to have higher levels of knowledge and positive attitudes than nurses but lower levels than physicians.2,3We believe that a survey of hospital-based infection-control practitioners would provide a more accurate assessment of a hospital's HIV testing policies.  In addition, there is a significant gap between policy recommendations and actual practices that has
Antibiotic Levels in Pericardial Fluid
Authors: James S. Tan, John C. Holmes, Noble O. Fowler, George T. Manitsas, John P. Phair
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

An experimental model was designed to study the ability of antibiotics to enter the pericardial compartment. Noninfected and infected pericardial fluid and serum antibiotic activities were determined in adult mongrel dogs before and at intervals after antibiotic administration. After the administration of penicillin G, methicillin, cephaloridine, streptomycin, or gentamicin, clinically adequate antibiotic levels in the noninfected pericardial fluid were obtained within 1 h, and these levels approached or exceeded the serum levels within 2-4 h. Antibiotic levels obtained from infected dog pericardial fluids were higher than those from noninfected animals. Patients' serum and pericardial fluid antibiotic levels were measured after penicillin G, penicillin V, cephalothin, and gentamicin administration. We have found, both in the canine and human studies, that pericardial antibiotic levels taken at least 2 h after antibiotic administration are almost identical to those in the blood.
Correlation of <i>in Vitro</i> Cytokine Responses with the Chemical Composition of Soil-Derived Particulate Matter
Authors: John M. Veranth, Tyler A. Moss, Judith C. Chow, Raed Labban, William K. Nichols, John C. Walton, John G. Watson, Garold S. Yost
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We treated human lung epithelial cells, type BEAS-2B, with 10-80 microg/cm2 of dust from soils and road surfaces in the western United States that contained particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 microm aerodynamic diameter. Cell viability and cytokine secretion responses were measured at 24 hr. Each dust sample is a complex mixture containing particles from different minerals mixed with biogenic and anthropogenic materials. We determined the particle chemical composition using methods based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Speciation Trends Network (STN) and the National Park Service Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network. The functionally defined carbon fractions reported by the ambient monitoring networks have not been widely used for toxicology studies. The soil-derived PM2.5 from different sites showed a wide range of potency for inducing the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in vitro. Univariate regression and multivariate redundancy analysis were used to test for correlation of viability and cytokine release with the concentrations of 40 elements, 7 ions, and 8 carbon fractions. The particles showed positive correlation between IL-6 release and the elemental and pyrolyzable carbon fractions, and the strongest correlation involving crustal elements was between IL-6 release and the aluminum:silicon ratio. The observed correlations between low-volatility organic components of soil- and road-derived dusts and the cytokine release by BEAS-2B cells are relevant for investigation of mechanisms linking specific air pollution particle types with the initiating events leading to airway inflammation in sensitive populations.
Neutrophil granulocytes recruited upon translocation of intestinal bacteria enhance graft-versus-host disease via tissue damage
Authors: Lukas Schwab, Luise Goroncy, Senthilnathan Palaniyandi, Sanjivan Gautam, Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou, Attila Mocsai, Wilfried Reichardt, Fridrik J Karlsson, Sabarinath V Radhakrishnan, Kathrin Hanke, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Marina Freudenberg, Friederike D von Loewenich, Philipp Wolf, Franziska Leonhardt, Nicoleta Baxan, Dietmar Pfeifer, Oliver Schmah, Anne Schönle, Stefan F Martin, Roland Mertelsmann, Justus Duyster, Jürgen Finke, Marco Prinz, Philipp Henneke, Hans Häcker, Gerhard C Hildebrandt, Georg Häcker, Robert Zeiser
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Standard procedures are needed to improve patients' safety, says England's chief medical officer
Authors: Claire Frauenfelder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Representatives from 32 countries came together this week to look at progress in improving the safety of patients one year after a range of measures was implemented to reduce the numbers of deaths and illness caused directly by health care. 

The World Health Organization's initiative is being led by Liam Donaldson, England's chief medical officer, who is international chairman of the World Alliance for Patient Safety. 

Professor Donaldson said that healthcare related illness cost England alone £1bn (€1.5bn; $1.9bn) a year, with more than 100 000 infections and 5000 resultant deaths. 

He called for “a …
Serum Lipid and Estrogenic Effects of Manvene, a New Estrogen Analog
Authors: WILLIAM D. COHEN, NORIO HIGANO, ROGER W. ROBINSON
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Estrogenic side-effects and serum lipid changes were studied in middle-aged men with coronary heart disease during a 6-month period with varying dosage levels of Manvene, a new estrogen analog. Although significant lipid-shifting effects were noted at 5 and 10 mg. daily, these were not comparable with those of 10 mg. of Premarin. Analysis of scattergrams of individual estrogenic and lipoprotein responses of both Manvene-treated and Premarin-treated patients revealed a favorable dissociation of these effects in 5 of the 29 men in the Manvene groups.
[424] TLR9 EXPRESSION AND FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Authors: N.N. Jia, Q. Xie, B.Y. An, H.C. Shen, H.L. Gui, L.Y. Lin, H. Wang, X.Q. Zhou, H. Yu, Q. Guo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Efficacy of the RTS,S/AS02A vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease in young African children: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pedro L Alonso, Jahit Sacarlal, John J Aponte, Amanda Leach, Eusebio Macete, Jessica Milman, Inacio Mandomando, Bart Spiessens, Caterina Guinovart, Mateu Espasa, Quique Bassat, Pedro Aide, Opokua Ofori-Anyinam, Margarita M Navia, Sabine Corachan, Marc Ceuppens, Marie-Claude Dubois, Marie-Ange Demoitié, Filip Dubovsky, Clara Menéndez, Nadia Tornieporth, W Ripley Ballou, Ricardo Thompson, Joe Cohen
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Questions about networks, measurement, and causation
Authors: Keith A. Markus
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Cramer et al. present a thoughtful application of network analysis to symptoms, but certain questions remain open. These questions involve the intended causal interpretation, the critique of latent variables, individual variation in causal networks, Borsboom's idea of networks as measurement models, and how well the data support the stability of the network results.
Metagenomics, Infectious Disease Diagnostics, and Outbreak Investigations
Authors: David A. Relman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VIII. A Study of Internship Programs in University Hospitals
Authors: Richard H. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SOME of the uncertainties regarding the place of internship in modern programs of graduate medical education were brought into sharp focus by yesterday's debate on this topic. Because many have for some years questioned whether the internship experience continues to have value, the Committee on Internships, Residencies, and Graduate Medical Education of the Association of American Medical Education and the Association of American Medical Colleges, undertook a study of the internship programs offered by the major teaching hospitals of some of its member institutions. The study was carried out during the 1959-1960 intern year, and a detailed report of the findings will be published in the near future.<sup>*</sup> The 27 hospitals invited to participate in the study were selected to give representation to all geographic areas of the country, all sizes of hospitals, and both private and tax supported medical schools. These hospitals offered internships of all types. A 2
Abstract 3563: Novel anticancer agents modulate multiple signal transduction pathways for cancer therapy
Authors: Ling Jong, Wan-ru Chao, Yihui Shi, Carol Green, Lidia Sambucetti, Nathan Collins
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer is remarkably heterogeneous and is associated with wide variations in biological behavior. Except for some rare cancers whose growth may depend on a single factor, no single signaling pathway drives the oncogenic behavior of all tumors. In fact, most single-target agents that have undergone development in recent years have lacked the exquisite level of effectiveness. Multitarget drugs and the network approach may thus constitute a useful means for discovering novel drugs; such drugs emerge from the sum of the interactions that, together, are the principal determinants of the system-scale behavior of the cell. A multitarget agent is not necessarily more toxic than single-target agents. These multitarget drugs have presumed low-affinity interactions with several of their targets, and do not necessarily shut down a pathway completely or activate it excessively; thus they may have lower side effects. We has developed a novel class of dietary indole analogs with oral anticancer activity against a variety of cancer in animal models, including prostate, breast, lung and ovarian tumors. Western blot analysis shows that SR13654, SRI advanced lead, is able to induce apoptosis by caspase activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavages. Using the Boyden chamber assay, we showed that SR13654 significantly inhibits PC-3 cells’ invasion at low concentration, and its anti-invasive activity is not due to cell killing or simple cell growth inhibition. In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies show that SR13654 inhibits Src activation, down-regulates survivn expression, enhances EGFR degradation. SR13654 also produced a decrease in cyclin D1 and B1, and an increase in p21 levels in cancer cells. Screening a full panel of 285 kinases shows that SR13654 is not a kinase inhibitor. More in-depth mechanistic studies are undergoing. Preclinical safety studies indicate that this class of compounds holds great promise for extended therapeutic use to maximize disease control without compromising quality of life. SR13654 has relatively poor water solubility, which could limit its use in intravenous dosing. We have developed the second generation of water-soluble analogs, such as SR13677, which has significantly improved water solubility and is at least 5-fold more potent than SR13654 against various cancer cell lines. With support from the 2009 DOD/Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP) “Laboratory-Clinical Transition” Award, we will advance the optimized candidate through preclinical development and future IND filing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3563.
The medical muse.
Authors: F Spiegl
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the direction of Miss Pybus and sponsored by Professor David Murray Lyon. This was again a first for Edin? burgh, though it should be mentioned that a course of diatetics had been provided from 1927 at the Glasgow and West of Scotland College of Domestic Science.10 During the past 50 years treatment for diabetes has developed and methods have been modified. The Edinburgh School has made its useful contribution to this progress, and it seems worth while to salute those pioneers who supplied the initial impetus when insulin was discovered.
Phase II study of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: R Garg, S Faderl, G Garcia-Manero, J Cortes, C Koller, X Huang, S York, S Pierce, M Brandt, M Beran, G Borthakur, H Kantarjian, F Ravandi
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Mortality and Locomotion 6 Months After Hospitalization for Hip Fracture
Authors: Edward L. Hannan, Jay Magaziner, Jason J. Wang, Elizabeth A. Eastwood, Stacey B. Silberzweig, Marvin Gilbert, R. Sean Morrison, Mary Ann McLaughlin, Gretchen M. Orosz, Albert L. Siu
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Context Hip fracture is a common clinical problem that leads to considerable mortality and disability.A need exists for a practical means to monitor and improve outcomes, including function, for patients with hip fracture.Objectives To identify and compare the importance of significant prefracture predictors of functional status and mortality at 6 months for patients hospitalized with hip fracture and to compare risk-adjusted outcomes for hospitals providing initial care.Design Prospective study with data obtained from medical records and through structured interviews with patients and proxies.Setting and Participants A total of 571 adults aged 50 years or older with hip fracture who were admitted to 4 New York, NY, metropolitan hospitals between August 1997 and August 1998. Main Outcome MeasuresIn-hospital and 6-month mortality; locomotion at 6 months; and adverse outcomes at 6 months, defined as death or needing assistance to ambulate, compared by hospital, adjusting for patient risk factors. ResultsThe in-hospital mortality rate was 1.6%.At 6 months, the mortality rate was 13.5%, and another 12.8% needed total assistance to ambulate.Laboratory values were strong predictors of mortality but were not significantly associated with locomotion.Age and prefracture residence at a nursing home were significant predictors of locomotion (P= .02for both) but were not significantly associated with mortality.Adjustment for baseline characteristics either substantially augmented or diminished interhospital differences in outcomes.Two hospitals had 1 outcome (functional status or mortality) that was significantly worse than the overall mean while the other outcome was nonsignificantly better than average. ConclusionsMortality and functional status ideally should be considered both together and individually to distinguish effects limited to one or the other outcome.Hospital performance for these 2 measures may differ substantially after adjustment, probably because different processes of care are important to each outcome.
John Blackall's Observations on the Relation between Nutritional Deprivation and Wet Beriberi
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

EIJKMAN is generally credited with the discovery in 1897 that the polyneuritic or "dry" form of beriberi is a disorder of defective nutrition. To be sure, he was unwilling to advance so heretical a doctrine and instead suggested that foods such as polished rice, being overrich in starch, produced a substance in the gastrointestinal tract that was poisonous to nerve cells and for which the outer layers of rice acted as an antidote.It appears, however, that eighty-three years earlier, Dr. John Blackall,1 "physician to the Devon and Exeter Hospital, and to the Lunatic Asylum, near Exeter," had a clear . . .