tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation in primary care: randomised controlled trial comparing two intensities of coumarin with aspirin
Authors: B S P Hellemons, M Langenberg, J Lodder, F Vermeer, H J A Schouten, T. Lemmens, J W van Ree, J A Knottnerus
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To investigate the effectiveness of aspirin and coumarin in preventing thromboembolism in patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation in general practice.Randomised controlled trial.729 patients aged >/=60 years with atrial fibrillation, recruited in general practice, who had no established indication for coumarin. Mean age was 75 years and mean follow up 2. 7 years.Primary care in the Netherlands.Patients eligible for standard intensity coumarin (international normalised ratio 2.5-3.5) were randomly assigned to standard anticoagulation, very low intensity coumarin (international normalised ratio 1.1-1.6), or aspirin (150 mg/day) (stratum 1). Patients ineligible for standard anticoagulation were randomly assigned to low anticoagulation or aspirin (stratum 2).Stroke, systemic embolism, major haemorrhage, and vascular death.108 primary events occurred (annual event rate 5.5%), including 13 major haemorrhages (0.7% a year). The hazard ratio was 0.91 (0.61 to 1.36) for low anticoagulation versus aspirin and 0.78 (0.34 to 1.81) for standard anticoagulation versus aspirin. Non-vascular death was less common in the low anticoagulation group than in the aspirin group (0.41, 0.20 to 0.82). There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in bleeding incidence. High systolic and low diastolic blood pressure and age were independent prognostic factors.In a general practice population (without established indications for coumarin) neither low nor standard intensity anticoagulation is better than aspirin in preventing primary outcome events. Aspirin may therefore be the first choice in patients with atrial fibrillation in general practice.
Disease Mongering: One of the Hidden Consequences
Authors: Kenneth Gillman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

I am a disease monger.I teach primary care doctors how to identify bipolar disorder.Worse yet, I take money from pharmaceutical companies for doing so.I use it to subsidize my practice so that I can treat patients with no insurance, or little money, who now account for over a third of my patients-in part because the pharmaceutical companies have drained so much money out of the health-care system.Ironic, isn't it?My Web site PsychEducation.org(http:⁄⁄www.psycheducation.org) is number one on Google for searches on "bipolar II."See if you think it looks like disease mongering.Hundreds of people have written thanking me for explaining bipolar II and the concept of a bipolar spectrum, indicating that this new perspective really helps them understand their long-standing symptoms.To my immediate recall, none have complained about being led astray by an overbroad interpretation of bipolarity.Notice that, just like Mr. Moynihan, one of the guest editors of your April 2006 series of articles on disease mongering [1], I could be mongering even now, as I too have a new book.At least I'm not trying to attract attendees to my conference.Tricky, isn't it.Has there been an oversimplifi cation in this analysis?(PsychEducation.org
Evaluation of Headache
Authors: Joe Idahosa Ordia
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The rationale for the use of the computed tomography (CT) scan for the evaluation of headaches in patients with normal neurological examination findings has been questioned by some authors (1980; 243:359).<sup>1</sup>We certainly are not advocating the widespread use of CT for these patients; rather, we believe that certain clues can help the examining physician to decide which patients to give priority for scans. In our experience there are certain types of lesions in the brain that produce headache as a prominent feature, but in which it is not unusual to find no focal neurological deficits, even in an advanced stage of disease. Most of these lesions are closely related to the ventricular system and may or may not produce an obstructive hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus from any cause is commonly associated with headaches—with the possible exception of the so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus. It is possible for headaches
Hamburg from the Medical Side.
Authors: Bayard Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Hamburg, Aug. 15, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Few Americans stop in Hamburg to study medicine. They rush off to Berlin or Vienna and then have the rare chance of finally finding what they want, or they work around until they are tired out or come across a real teacher. As for myself, with the advice of experienced friends, Hamburg was my first stopping place, and here I stayed for two weeks and never missed a day when I did not have a most valuable surgical clinic of from two to six hours. Hamburg, without its suburbs, is the second city in Germany. From a clinical standpoint it is of the greatest importance and interest because it has the cosmopolitan population of a great commercial city doing a business with other cities in every part of the world, and its hospitals therefore contain examples of disease from every zone. It is
Rigorous assessment of palliative care revisited
Authors: D. Keeley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

General practice p 1472 

In 1994 McWhinney and colleagues reported the failure of an attempt to assess a palliative care home support team using a randomised controlled trial.1 Problems included attrition of study subjects because of early death and difficulties with recruitment, consent to randomisation, data collection, and timing of outcome assessment. In an accompanying editorial McQuay and Moore argued that assessment of palliative care packages by randomised trials remained mandatory despite these difficulties.2 Skating around the ethical problems of randomisation, they restated the evidence movement's demand for proof of effectiveness. Five years down the line, are we any further forward?

Smeenk et al reported a systematic review of the effectiveness of home care programmes for patients with incurable cancer in 1998, finding nine prospective controlled studies (five randomised) which they judged methodologically adequate.3 Eight of the nine studies were from the United States; methodological quality was rated as moderate overall; and, though positive influences on various dimensions of outcome were found in a minority of studies, the overall effectiveness of such programmes was thought to remain unclear.

Today the BMJ publishes a further valiant attempt to conduct a satisfactory randomised trial of a home …
An Infection-Relevant Transcriptomic Compendium for Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Carsten Kröger, Aoife Colgan, Shabarinath Srikumar, Kristian Händler, Sathesh K. Sivasankaran, Disa L. Hammarlöf, Rocío Canals, Joe E. Grissom, Tyrrell Conway, Karsten Hokamp, Jay C.D. Hinton
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)

Bacterial transcriptional networks consist of hundreds of transcription factors and thousands of promoters. However, the true complexity of transcription in a bacterial pathogen and the effect of the environments encountered during infection remain to be established. We present a simplified approach for global promoter identification in bacteria using RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analyses of 22 distinct infection-relevant environmental conditions. Individual RNA samples were combined to identify most of the 3,838 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium promoters in just two RNA-seq runs. Individual in vitro conditions stimulated characteristic transcriptional signatures, and the suite of 22 conditions induced transcription of 86% of all S. Typhimurium genes. We highlight the environmental conditions that induce the Salmonella pathogenicity islands and present a small RNA expression landscape of 280 sRNAs. This publicly available compendium of environmentally controlled expression of every transcriptional feature of S. Typhimurium constitutes a useful resource for the bacterial research community.
Behcet disease: advantageous against development of neoplasia?
Authors: I Celik, I Barista, G Tekuzman, E Kansu, S Kiraz, M Calguneri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

advantageous against development of neoplasia?Although a good deal is known about the late occurrence of malignancy in the connective tissue disorders and other vasculitides, including the autoimmune diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, progressive systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and so on,'
Improving Informed Consent and Enhancing Recruitment for Research by Understanding Economic Behavior
Authors: Laura B. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High Body Mass Index for Age Among US Children and Adolescents, 2003-2006
Authors: Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The prevalence of overweight among US children and adolescents increased between 1980 and 2004.To estimate the prevalence of 3 measures of high body mass index (BMI) for age (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and to examine recent trends for US children and adolescents using national data with measured heights and weights.Height and weight measurements were obtained from 8165 children and adolescents as part of the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), nationally representative surveys of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population.Prevalence of BMI for age at or above the 97th percentile, at or above the 95th percentile, and at or above the 85th percentile of the 2000 sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI-for-age growth charts among US children by age, sex, and racial/ethnic group.Because no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of high BMI for age were found between estimates for 2003-2004 and 2005-2006, data for the 4 years were combined to provide more stable estimates for the most recent time period. Overall, in 2003-2006, 11.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.7%-12.9%) of children and adolescents aged 2 through 19 years were at or above the 97th percentile of the 2000 BMI-for-age growth charts, 16.3% (95% CI, 14.5%-18.1%) were at or above the 95th percentile, and 31.9% (95% CI, 29.4%-34.4%) were at or above the 85th percentile. Prevalence estimates varied by age and by racial/ethnic group. Analyses of the trends in high BMI for age showed no statistically significant trend over the 4 time periods (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006) for either boys or girls (P values between .07 and .41).The prevalence of high BMI for age among children and adolescents showed no significant changes between 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 and no significant trends between 1999 and 2006.
Atelectasis Causes Alveolar Injury in Nonatelectatic Lung Regions
Authors: Shinya Tsuchida, Doreen Engelberts, Vanya Peltekova, Natalie Hopkins, Helena Frndova, Paul Babyn, Colin McKerlie, Martin Post, Paul McLoughlin, Brian P. Kavanagh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Fluorouracil and the Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome
Authors: JAMES N. ATKINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985Fluorouracil and the Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia SyndromeJAMES N. ATKINS, M.D.JAMES N. ATKINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-419_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article by Lokich and Moore (1) on the palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome associated with chemotherapy. I write to report the case of a patient with the same syndrome, who rather than receiving infusional chemotherapy received fluorouracil therapy in a weekly bolus.A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed as having adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon with metastatic disease to the liver, as well as locally recurrent disease at the suture line. She was started on bolus therapy in September 1984. She received 1 g of fluorouracil intravenously per week after a 2-week escalation period and...Reference1. LOKICHMOORE JC. Chemotherapy-associated palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:798-800. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPalmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE): A literature review with commentary on experience in a cancer centrePalmar-plantar erythrodysesthesiaPalmar-Plantar Erythrodysaesthesia Associated with an Initial Course of Bolus FluorouracilThe clinical pharmacology of the oral fluoropyrimidinesPyridoxine for Hand–Foot SyndromePalmar-Plantar Erythrodysaesthesia Syndrome Due to 5-Fluorouracil Therapy–An Underestimated Toxic Event?Inflammation of solar keratoses following systemic 5-fluorouracilThree Cases of Chemotherapy-induced Acral ErythemaDermatological Toxicity from Chemotherapy Containing 5-FluorouracilCombination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, and α-interferon producing histologic features of graft-versus-host diseaseUnusual serpentine hyperpigmentation associated with 5-fluorouracilTreatment of cytarabine acral erythema with corticosteroidsFluorouracil and Palmar-Plantar ErythrodysesthesiaCharles F. Curran, PhD., James K. Luce, MD.Pyroxidine for the Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia SyndromeSvetislava J. Vukelja, MD, Fredric A. Lombardo, PharmD, William D. James, MD, Raymond B. Weiss, MDA Variant of the Chemotherapy-Associated Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome Related to High-Dose CyclophosphamidePalmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Syndrome Associated with Short-Term Continuous Infusion (5 Days) of 5-FluorouracilHypersensitivity reactions from antineoplastic agentsCytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 419-419KeywordsAdenocarcinomaChemotherapyColonLiver diseases Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Methodologies, not method, for primate theory of mind
Authors: H. Lyn Miles, Warren P. Roberts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Heyes correctly points out some problems in primate theory of mind, but lacks a critical approach to children's theory of mind, and at times implies meta-awareness when discussing theory of mind. Also, in selecting pure experimental designs, she ignores its limitations, as well as the merits, and at times the necessity, of other methodologies.
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G—report of two cases
Authors: P.G. NORRIS, J.L.M. HAWK, J.A. AVERY, F. GIANNELLI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G—report of two cases Get access P.G. NORRIS, P.G. NORRIS Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital Dr P. G. Norris, Department of Photobiology, 11th Floor, North Wing. St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L.M. HAWK, J.L.M. HAWK Department of Photobiology, Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. AVERY, J.A. AVERY Department of Paediatric Research Unit, Prince Philip Research Laboratory, Guy's Tower, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. GIANNELLI F. GIANNELLI Department of Paediatric Research Unit, Prince Philip Research Laboratory, Guy's Tower, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 6, 1 June 1987, Pages 861–866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04906.x Published: 01 June 1987
Effects of glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after high-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy for adult acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: K Bradstock, J Matthews, G Young, R Lowenthal, H Baxter, C Arthur, J Bashford, T Brighton, P Cannell, L Dunlop, S Durrant, A Enno, P Eliadis, D Gill, A Gillett, D Gottlieb, H Januszewicz, D Joshua, M Leahy, A Schwarer, K Taylor
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
One-Year Results From the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) Trial
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Harvey D. White, Frans Van de Werf, Zygmunt Sadowski, Paul W. Armstrong, Alec Vahanian, Maarten L. Simoons, R. John Simes, Kerry L. Lee, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background In the randomized Global Utilization of t-PA and Streptokinase for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial, 41 021 patients received one of four thrombolytic regimens. Patients treated with accelerated tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) had a lower 30-day mortality rate (6.3%) than those treated with the other regimens (7.3%, combined streptokinase groups). Methods and Results Each patient who was alive at 30 days was sent a return postcard to ascertain vital status at 1 year. If the postcard was not returned, the patient (or an alternate specified at randomization) was contacted by telephone. A locator service was used in the United States for patients who could not be located by these methods. Final follow-up was 96% worldwide. One-year mortality rates remained in favor of accelerated TPA (9.1%) over streptokinase with subcutaneous heparin (10.1%, P =.011) and streptokinase with intravenous heparin (10.1%, P =.009). Combination therapy had an intermediate 1-year mortality (9.9%); this outcome was statistically indistinguishable from that with streptokinase ( P =.47) but was marginally different from that with accelerated TPA ( P =.05). Conclusions The 1-year results demonstrated a saving of 10 lives per 1000 patients treated with accelerated TPA versus streptokinase and subcutaneous or intravenous heparin. Combination thrombolytic therapy had an intermediate benefit but offered no advantage over accelerated TPA treatment alone.
Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Maria I. New
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

This is the first report of a male with 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency resulting in male pseudohermaphroditism, ambiguous external genitalia, absence of male secondary sexual characteristics, and gynecomastia at puberty. Diagnosis was based on extensive studies of steroid metabolism including the following: low urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticoids which did not increase after ACTH; no response of very low plasma testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or chorionic gonadotropin; and low urinary aldosterone and plasma renin which increased after dexamethasone. Secretion rates of 17-hydroxylated steroids, cortisol (F) and 11-desoxycortisol (S), were very low while desoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone (B) secretion rates were increased sevenfold. Results expressed as milligrams per meter squared per day were as follows: F, 1.3; S, 0.023; DOC, 0.35; and B, 16 (mean normal values were F, 7.5; S, 0.26; DOC, 0.055, and B, 2.2). Plasma gonadotropins were markedly increased (FSH, 106; LH, 364 mIU/ml). Testicular biopsies revealed interstitial-cell hyperplasia and early spermatogenesis. Karyotype was 46/XY. Pedigree showed no other affected member. At laparotomy ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes were absent, vas deferens was incomplete, and prostate was present. External genitalia consisted of small phallus, bifid scrotum, third-degree hypospadias, and small vagina. At puberty there was no growth of body hair or phallic enlargement. Biopsy of marked gynecomastia showed both ducts and acini. Testosterone administration produced virilization. Sexual ambiguity demonstrates strong dependence of external genitalia on androgens for male differentiation. Suppression of Müllerian structures occurred despite female levels of testosterone indicating this step in male differentiation is not testosterone dependent. Pubertal breast development in this male supports the concept of femaleness during ontogeny unless counteracted by male factors. Diagnosis of other adrenocortical enzymatic deficiencies is excluded by the steroidal studies. The clinical response to testosterone excludes testicular feminization. Deficiency of 17-hydroxylation must be added to the cause of male pseudohermaphroditism.
Radiation Preservation of Foods
Authors: H. E. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Many advanced methods of preserving foods have been developed, but all have limitations. With the possible exception of freezing and refrigeration, most processes limit the usefulness of a food or alter its characteristics undesirably. Hence, food research workers constantly seek new and improved preservation methods. In recent years, the use of radiation has shown great promise. 1-4   Processing  In radiation preservation gamma rays or electron beams destroy the spoilage micro-organisms. Both have similar effects although they differ in the manner in which they penetrate the food and are absorbed. In all cases, except where the energy level of the rays is extremely high, the energy is dissipated as harmless heat.  Gamma rays are derived from radioactive materials, such as Co 60 , which in their decay emit gamma radiation. Such materials are produced in large quantities in atomic reactors either as fission products or by irradiation with neutrons of substances such
Pertinence des critères EPAGE dans les indications de la coloscopie en centre hospitalier général
Authors: S Ollivier, M Vergnieres, JL Faillie, F Khemissa, AJ Remy, JP Daures, B Heran
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: En 1998, un collège d'experts européens s'est réuni pour créer l'EPAGE (European panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal endoscopy) afin de définir l'adéquation des indications de l'endoscopie digestive haute et basse. Ils ont ainsi pu créer un site internet interactif permettant de classer en temps réel ces indications en 3 groupes: approprié, incertain et inapproprié. Les études évaluant la pertinence de ces critères ont été réalisées en CHU. Nous avons donc mené notre étude en CHG car nous pouvons penser que le recrutement peut être plus représentatif de la population générale.