tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a recent study, Woll et al<sup>1</sup>traced the source of hepatitis B viremia in two recipients of renal transplants to the transplanted kidney from a donor who was shown to be positive for hepatitis B core antigen. The viremia developed in both recipients within six months; their hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antigen, and HBsAg subtypes were identical with those of the donor. Neither of the two received any transfusions during the peritransplant period. This previously suspected but hitherto unproved role of the kidney as a vector for the hepatitis B virus is a relatively minor one, however. Only three (1.5%) of the 208 donors tested by Woll and associates were HBsAg positive. Still, even this low incidence was nine times higher than in their usual blood donor population. Might not then a screening test, as these investigators recommend, be advisable for all prospective kidney
A double-blind trial of 0.05% clobetasol proprionate in the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: ROGER CLAYTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article A double‐blind trial of 0.05% clobetasol proprionate in the treatment of vitiligo Get access ROGER CLAYTON ROGER CLAYTON Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 1, 1 January 1977, Pages 71–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05188.x Published: 01 January 1977
Fatty Acid Translocase/CD36 Deficiency Does Not Energetically or Functionally Compromise Hearts Before or After Ischemia
Authors: Michael Kuang, Maria Febbraio, Cory Wagg, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Jason R.B. Dyck
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Evidence from humans suggests that fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 deficiency can lead to functionally and/or energetically compromised hearts, but the data are equivocal, and the subject remains controversial. In this report we assessed the contribution of FAT/CD36 to overall fatty acid oxidation rates in the intact heart and determined the effect of FAT/CD36 on energy metabolism during reperfusion of ischemic hearts. Methods and Results— Isolated working hearts from wild-type and FAT/CD36-knockout (KO) mice were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 0.4 or 1.2 mmol/L [U- 3 H]palmitate, 5 mmol/L [U- 14 C]glucose, 2.5 mmol/L calcium, and 100 μU/mL insulin at a preload pressure of 11.5 mm Hg and afterload pressure of 50 mm Hg. Hearts were aerobically perfused for 30 minutes or aerobically perfused for 30 minutes, followed by 18 minutes of global no-flow ischemia and 40 minutes of aerobic reperfusion. Rates of fatty acid oxidation in FAT/CD36-KO hearts were significantly lower than in wild-type hearts at both concentrations of palmitate (0.4 or 1.2 mmol/L). In addition, hearts from FAT/CD36-KO mice displayed a compensatory increase in glucose oxidation rates. On aerobic reperfusion after ischemia, cardiac work of FAT/CD36-KO hearts recovered to the same extent as wild-type hearts. Conclusions— FAT/CD36-deficient hearts are not energetically or functionally compromised and are not more sensitive to ischemic injury because glucose oxidation can compensate for the loss of fatty acid–derived ATP.
PMO-092 TLR7 expression is increased in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and its modulation is associated with alterations in tumour growth: a novel therapeutic target
Authors: F Mohamed, D dhar, N Shah, N Davies, A Habtesion, T Luong, A Winstanley, A P Dhillon, R Mookerjee, R Jalan
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We have previously described upregulation of TLR9, which is mainly located in the endosomes, in human HCC and cell lines. Their inhibition or stimulation was associated with alteration in tumour growth. As TLR7 is also expressed on the endosomes we hypothesised that its expression may also be altered in HCC. The aim of the study was to determine whether TLR7 is expressed in human HCC and whether its modulation alters tumour growth. <h3>Methods</h3> Study 1. Human tissue array platforms which included 102 cores of liver tissue (including 9 normal livers, 26 Hepatitis B and C, 25 HBV and HCV cirrhosis and 42 HCC) and liver tissue obtained from a DEN/NMORE model of HCC were stained for TLR7. The scoring was performed in a blinded fashion by two individual pathologists TLR7 was scored 2 when found in ≥1/3 of hepatocyte nucleus and 1 in &lt;1/3. Study 2. Human HCC cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were tested for the localisation of TLR7 receptors using immunoflurocense antibody, confocal microscopy and response to stimulation was tested in the presence of a specific TLR7 agonist (Imiqumoid, Invivogen) and promega proliferation assay technique. <h3>Results</h3> Study 1. TLR7 was expressed in the nucleus of hepatocytes in 34/42 HCC9s with intense staining in 24; four out 25 positive in cirrhosis only one showed intense staining. In HBV and HCV, 5/26 were positive and 0/9 in normal [p&lt;0.001]. In rat tissues, TLR7 was found in all HCC tumour cells only while the background either normal, dysplastic or cirrhotic was negative. Study 2. Using confocal microscopy, TLR7 was found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of both HepG2 and Huh7 and with stimulation of TLR7 agonist the cellular proliferation significantly increased compared to control p&lt;0.05. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data show that TLR7 is highly expressed in human HCC9s, animal model of HCC and in cell lines. Importantly, the background cirrhotic liver does not express TLR7. Their stimulation is associated with marked increase in proliferation. These data suggest that TLR7 may be a future target of therapy in HCC. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Women doctors in urban general practice: the patients.
Authors: M Cooke, C Ronalds
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A large study from a representative sample of general practitioners in Manchester showed that women doctors saw more women patients than men doctors, especially in the childbearing age group. They saw a similar range of diagnoses as men doctors, though they saw more women patients for cervical smears, contraception, and breast disorders. Preventive health care may not be adequately provided for these in practices without a woman partner.
THE CARE OF CARDIAC DISEASE DURING THE QUIESCENT PERIOD.
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The term "care of disease" is a very pleasing one as representing one of the most honorable offices of the physician. The old Homeric definition of the physician as the one who cured internal diseases and took care of that which he could not cure, always seemed very happy especially when coupled with the definition of the surgeon as the one who cured external diseases. It is a very practical question, indeed, how we shall manage cases of organic cardiac disease so that the patient may enjoy a prolonged and comfortable existence. A great change of public and professional opinion as to the grave prognosis, which was formerly given in valvular disease, has occurred during the present century. The old feeling was that a person with chronic heart disease was certain to die in a moderate length of time and was in constant danger of sudden death. The more careful
<i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>and the Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

MR. PRESIDENT, fellow members of the Massachusetts Medical Society, ladies and gentlemen: In accepting the honor of becoming on this day your one hundred and forty-third orator out of a possible one hundred and forty-nine since the first of these verbal marathons was run, I am humbly conscious of the fact that I am appearing before you in substitution for my friend, John Fallon. Had he survived the year since last we met, he would have been standing at the rostrum and I would have been sitting at his feet.There is, however, some precedent for even the editor's becoming . . .
Euro 2012 European Football Championship Finals: planning for a health legacy
Authors: Catherine A H Smallwood, Katherine G Arbuthnott, Barbara Banczak-Mysiak, Mariya Borodina, Ana Paula Coutinho, Lara Payne-Hallström, Elzbieta Lipska, Viktor Lyashko, Miroslaw Miklasz, Paulina Miskiewicz, Dorit Nitzan, Igor Pokanevych, Marek Posobkiewicz, Gerald Rockenschaub, Malgorzata Sadkowska-Todys, Svetlana Sinelnik, Daniel Smiley, Rysard Tomialoic, Volodimir Yurchenko, Ziad A Memish, David Heymann, Tina Endericks, Brian McCloskey, Alimuddin Zumla, Maurizio Barbeschi
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
430. Immune System Regulation of Transgene Expression from High-Capacity Gutless Adenoviral Vectors in the Mouse Brain: Very Long Term Expression Following Pre-Immunization
Authors: Carlos Barcia, Jeffrey M. Zirger, Weidong Xiong, Philip Ng, Donna Palmer, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Gene expression from first generation adenovirus vectors in the CNS is efficient and safe in na|[iuml]|ve animals. However, transgene expression is eliminated within 30 days in animals immunized against adenovirus. High-capacity adenovirus (HC-Adv) provide an advantage in that they sustain transgene expression in the brain even in animals that have been preimmunized against adenovirus, preceding the administration of HC-Adv. In the present experiment we analyzed the long term expression of a HC-Adv in the brain of mice preimmunized with a first generation adenovirus. C57Bl/6 mice were immunized ip with 1|[times]|108 i.u. of RAdHPRT, and 30 days later they were injected in the striatum with 1|[times]|106 bfu of HC-Adv-STkmCMV-LacZ. Mice were perfused-fixed at different time points after the intrastriatal injection (14, 30, 60 90 and 180 days). Brains were then removed and cut in 40mm thick serial sections. Immunohistochemistry for |[beta]|-galactosidade was performed and expressing cells and fibers were counted by quantitative unbiased stereology. After 14 days the expression in the striatum was high covering the entire caudate-putamen complex. Fibers and neurons were observed in the motor cortex, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, amygdaloid complex and Substantia nigra pars compacta. 30 days after the injection, the expression of the transgene in the striatum was diminished 30% in non immunized animals, while in immunized animals it was reduced by more than 50%. However after 60 days the expression was stable in both groups, and this expression lasted for up to 6 months. These results confirm the stable expression of the transgene in the brain with HC-Adv even in animals immunized systemically before the delivery of HC-Adv into the brain, and demonstrate the usefulness of HC-Adv as powerful tool for gene therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.
Government committee calls for better cancer services in England
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

England's survival rates from cancer are still well below the best in the world because patients are generally being diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and recommended treatments are not being used promptly, a government report warned this week.

The report, Tackling Cancer in England: Saving More Lives , compiled by the Committee of Public Accounts, found that survival rates from cancer in England remained substantially below the best in Europe, especially for people living …
Involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of lethal myocardial reperfusion injury
Authors: J Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Neutrophils respond to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in a manner similar to the bacterial invasion of a host. The inflammatory-like response that follows the onset of reperfusion involves intense interactions with the coronary vascular endothelium, arterial wall, and cardiomyocytes in a very well-choreographed manner. Neutrophils have been implicated as primary and secondary mediators of lethal injury after reperfusion to coronary vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes. The involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of lethal myocardial injury has been inferred from (1) their presence and accumulation in reperfused myocardium in temporal agreement with injury induced, (2) the armamentarium of toxic agents such as oxidants and proteases that are released by neutrophils in reperfused myocardium, (3) responsivity to (recruitment by and/or activation by) inflammatory factors released by reperfused myocardium, and (4) inhibition of lethal post-ischemic myocyte or endothelial cell injury by strategies that interdict neutrophil interactions at any number of stages. However, whether neutrophils are directly involved in the pathogenesis of lethal reperfusion injury in the myocardium, are just pedestrian (first) responders to inflammatory signals released after the onset of reperfusion, or are important to an early but not clinically important phase of pathology are still points of controversy. As with the general area of myocardial protection itself, the failure to reproduce the salubrious effects of anti-neutrophil therapeutic strategies and to successfully translate these strategies into clinical practice has not only fueled the debate, but has jeopardized the further pursuit of myocardial protection therapeutics to improve post-ischemic outcomes. This review will describe the molecular responses of neutrophils to ischemia-reperfusion, discuss the cellular and tissue damage inflicted either directly or indirectly by these white cells, and discuss the physiological impact of interdiction of neutrophil-mediated interactions with myocardial cells at various levels on lethal post-ischemic injury. In addition, it will discuss the arguments for and against the involvement of neutrophils in responses to ischemia-reperfusion in experimental models, and the failure to translate experimentally successful therapy into clinical practice.
Why is epidermal growth factor present in the gut lumen?
Authors: R J Playford, N A Wright
Journal: Gut (1996)

The jury is still out on the role of luminal EGF in the normal gastrointestinal tract. Recent evidence, however, suggests that its major function is to act as a 9luminal surveillance9 peptide, which is available to stimulate repair and that it is not of major importance in maintaining normal gut growth. Recombinant EGF administered via the gut lumen could still prove a valuable tool for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration. Perhaps the old term for EGF, 9epidermal healing factor9 or EHF, was more appropriate after all!
Assessment and Treatment of the Elderly Neuropsychiatric Patient
Authors: T. L. Brink
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book constitutes the fourth volume in an outstanding series edited by a Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center neurologist and Baylor University neuropsychologist. One reason that the previous volumes were so well done was that they were focused:<i>The Aging Nervous System, Behavioral Assessment and Psychopharmacology</i>, and<i>The Aging Motor System</i>. A lack of focus plagues the present volume, which should have been titled<i>An Introduction to Geriatric Psychiatry</i>. Chapters cover intake and assessment of dementia, with an emphasis on medical laboratory workups (Larson and Featherstone), neuroleptic indications and side effects (Dysken, Miles, and Schenck), antidepressants (Janowsky), psychodynamic psychotherapy (Newton and Lazarus), family therapy (Maletta), cognitive psychotherapy (Gallagher and Thompson), psychosocial and environmental milieus (Bourstrom, Chock, and Rosenberg), bereavement (Gallagher), and Belgian health care provision (Baro and Dom). This reviewer has several criticisms of this present volume. First, although most of the authors are authorities within their respective areas, there is little that is new in this volume, for the authors have made their points before
Abstract 4423: Transgenic liver expression of human arylamine <i>N</i>-acetyltransferase NAT2 restores sensitivity of male Nat1/2 null mice to 4-aminobiphenyl-induced liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Denis M. Grant, Debbie Brenneman, Kim S. Sugamori
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We recently observed that male Nat1/2(-/-) mice, which are deficient in the arylamine N-acetyltransferases Nat1 and Nat2, have a significantly lower incidence and multiplicity of liver tumors than wild-type C57BL/6 mice after their neonatal exposure to the aromatic amine carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP). Female mice showed low or no liver tumors from ABP exposure regardless of Nat1/2 status. The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of liver-selective transgenic expression of human NAT2 on ABP-induced liver tumorigenicity in male and female Nat1/2(-/-) mice. We generated a hNAT2tgNat1/2(-/-) strain of mice that express human NAT2 selectively in liver on a Nat1/2 null background, exposed male and female mice to either DMSO vehicle, a low dose (600 nmoles) or a high dose (1200 nmoles) of ABP during the second postnatal week, and assessed mice for tumor growth at one year of age. Male hNAT2tgNat1/2(-/-) mice had liver tumor incidences of 29% (low dose) and 61% (high dose), which more closely resembled those of C57BL/6 mice (60% and 69%, respectively) than those of Nat1/2(-/-) mice (0% and 35%, respectively). This suggests that human NAT2 is capable of substantially restoring the sensitivity of mice to ABP-induced liver tumorigenicity that is lost by the absence of mouse Nat1 and Nat2. On the other hand, female hNAT2tgNat1/2(-/-) mice were still as resistant to liver tumors as C57BL/6 or Nat1/2(-/-) mice. No tumors were observed in any other organs. These results suggest that the human and mouse NAT enzymes play similar roles in enhancing liver tumor growth, and that the mechanism of female protection against ABP-induced tumor growth is unrelated to NAT status. However, neither the sex nor the NAT status of the mice appear to be correlated with the ability of ABP to produce acute DNA-damaging or mutation-inducing effects in liver. This suggests that the role of the human and mouse NAT enzymes in promoting liver tumor growth in mice may be due to a mechanism that is independent of their ability to influence the process of ABP metabolic activation and subsequent DNA damage leading to tumor initiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4423. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4423
Accidental digitalis poisoning due to drinking herbal tea.
Authors: R J Bain
Journal: BMJ (1985)

We subsequently studied according to the same protocol 13 hypertensive patients taking bendrofluazide 5 mg daily.Symptomatic hypotension occurred after enalapril in three of them.We were unable to differentiate the hypo- tensive effects of single oral doses of 10 and 20 mg enalapril.1 Hodsman GP, Isles CG, Murray GD, Usherwood TP, Webb DJ, Robertson JIS.Factors related to first dose hypotensive effect of captopril: prediction and treat- ment.
Radionuclide Venography Using Continuous Kr-81m Infusion: Preliminary Note
Authors: HAMPHREY R. HAM, JOHAN VANDEVIVERE, MARCEL GUILLAUME, THOMAS NIETHAMMER, ROGER SERGEYSELS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Continuous infusion of Kr-81m presents important advantages compared to the commonly used radionuclides for venography. High count rates can be accumulated, and a high resolution collimator can be employed to ensure good quality images. The study can be repeated immediately and multiple views can be performed until a satisfactory result is obtained. The production of radionuclide from a Rb-81--Kr-81m generator suitable for intravenous infusion is almost the same as that which is suitable for ventilation. The same generator can first be used for venography and then for ventilation imaging to complete the work-up patients suspected of having thromboembolic disease.
Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue–Derived Methyl Palmitate in Vascular Tone Regulation and Pathogenesis of Hypertension
Authors: Yuan-Chieh Lee, Hsi-Hsien Chang, Chih-Lung Chiang, Chin-Hung Liu, Jih-I Yeh, Mei-Fang Chen, Po-Yi Chen, Jon-Son Kuo, Tony J.F. Lee
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-derived relaxing factor (PVATRF) significantly regulates vascular tone. Its chemical nature remains unknown. We determined whether palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) was the PVATRF and whether its release and/or vasorelaxing activity decreased in hypertension.Using superfusion bioassay cascade technique, tissue bath myography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we determined PVATRF and PAME release from aortic PVAT preparations of Wistar Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The PVAT of Wistar Kyoto rats spontaneously and calcium dependently released PVATRF and PAME. Both induced aortic vasorelaxations, which were inhibited by 4-aminopyridine (2 mmol/L) and tetraethylammonium 5 and 10 mmol/L but were not affected by tetraethylammonium 1 or 3 mmol/L, glibenclamide (3 μmol/L), or iberiotoxin (100 nmol/L). Aortic vasorelaxations induced by PVATRF- and PAME-containing Krebs solutions were not affected after heating at 70°C but were equally attenuated after hexane extractions. Culture mediums of differentiated adipocytes, but not those of fibroblasts, contained significant PAME and caused aortic vasorelaxation. The PVAT of spontaneously hypertensive rats released significantly less PVATRF and PAME with an increased release of angiotensin II. In addition, PAME-induced relaxation of spontaneously hypertensive rats aortic smooth muscle diminished drastically, which was ameliorated significantly by losartan.We found that PAME is the PVATRF, causing vasorelaxation by opening voltage-dependent K+ channels on smooth muscle cells. Diminished PAME release and its vasorelaxing activity and increased release of angiotensin II in the PVAT suggest a noble role of PVAT in pathogenesis of hypertension. The antihypertensive effect of losartan is attributed partly to its reversing diminished PAME-induced vasorelaxation.
Whole body elemental composition during drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study.
Authors: A C Kennedy, K Boddy, E D Williams, A T Elliott, I Harvey, I Holloway, J K Haywood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Thirty-two female patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into 3 groups and treated for 6 months with prednisolone, depot tetracosactrin, or indomethacin. Their whole body content of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was measured before and after 3 and 6 months9 treatment by in-vivo neutron activation analysis. No significant changes in these body elements were observed as a result of the treatments. The average amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen were lower than normal in these patients, a finding consistent with the frequent observation of osteoporosis and muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis.