tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate long term prescribing in general practice in the United Kingdom, 1980-95: systematic literature review
Authors: S. A Buetow, B. Sibbald, J. A Cantrill, S. Halliwell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate long term prescribing in general practice in the United Kingdom. <b>Design</b>: Review of 62 studies of the appropriateness of prescribing identified from seven electronic databases, from reference lists, and by hand searching of journals. A nominal group of 10 experts helped to define the appropriateness of prescribing. <b>Setting</b>: General practice in the United Kingdom. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalences of 19 indicators of inappropriate long term prescribing representing five dimensions: indication, choice of drug, drug administration, communication, and review. <b>Results</b>: Prevalences of potentially inappropriate prescribing varied by indicator and chronic condition, but drug dosages outside the therapeutic range consistently recorded the highest rates. The lowest rates were generally associated with indicators of the choice of the drug, except cost minimisation. Communication is studied less frequently than other dimensions of prescribing appropriateness. <b>Conclusions</b>: The evidence base to support allegations of widespread inappropriate prescribing in general practice is unsound. Although inappropriate prescribing has occurred, the scale of the problem is unknown because of limitations associated with selection of a standard, publication bias, and uncertainty about the context of prescribing decisions. Opportunities for cost savings and effectiveness gains are thus unclear. Indicators applicable to individual patients could yield evidence of prescribing appropriateness.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS-Fine-Needle Procedures: Fascinating Technique but Little Clinical Impact?
Authors: G. Caletti, P. Fusaroli
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

For quite some time endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been more than a mere imaging technique. With linear-scanning echoendoscopes it is possible to introduce needles and many other tools into virtually every part of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and the surrounding structures (fine-needle procedures, [FNPs]). This can be done in order to aspirate tissue material for cytological examination (fine-needle aspiration, [FNA]) or to deliver drugs and apply many other therapeutic tools (guide-wires and stents, cytoimplants, radiofrequency treatment, contrast media, brachytherapy, modified adenoviruses, etc.).
Ventricular assist device support as a bridge to heart transplantation in patients with giant cell myocarditis
Authors: Lindsay K. Murray, Jose González‐Costello, Samual N. Jonas, Daniel B. Sims, Kerry A. Morrison, Paolo C. Colombo, Donna M. Mancini, Susan W. Restaino, Evan Joye, Evelyn Horn, Hiroo Takayama, Charles C. Marboe, Yoshifumi Naka, Ulrich P. Jorde, Nir Uriel
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
CAROTID ADVENTITIAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AND INTIMA–MEDIA THICKNESS AS MARKERS OF ATHEROGENESIS: EVIDENCE FROM TWO RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Frank E. Harrell, Sergio Fazio, Sam Nwosu, Nate Mercaldo, George A. Mensah, Michael H. Davidson, Blai Coll, Steve B. Feinstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Book Review When the Personal Was Political: Five Women Doctors Look Back By Toni Martin. 165 pp. New York, iUniverse, 2008. $15.95 (paper); $6 (e-book). 978-0-595-48726-4 (paper); 978-0-595-60822-5 (e-book).
Authors: Janet Bickel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
P1-07-13: Efficiency of a Laboratory Developed HER2 FISH Test on Circulating Tumor Cells.
Authors: JA Mayer, T Pham, KL Wong, J Scoggin, EV Sales, T Clarin, TJ Pircher, SD Mikolajczyk, PD Cotter, FZ Bischoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Most circulating tumor cell (CTC) platforms rely on EpCAM for capture and cytokeratin (CK) for detection. However, an important population of cells that are CK-negative (i.e. cells with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype) will be missed. We report a new strategy to efficiently isolate a more heterogeneous population of CTCs using an antibody cocktail. METHODS: In the first prospective study, blood (20 mL) was collected from 89 patients diagnosed with various late stage metastatic/recurrent cancers (breast, CRC, lung, prostate) following IRB approval. PBMCs were incubated with either EpCAM alone or a mixture of 10 capture antibodies to target both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. CTCs were subsequently captured in the OncoCEE™ channels and detected with cytokeratin (CK) and CD45. A second prospective IRB approved study involving 54 patients diagnosed with late stage metastatic/recurrent breast cancer was performed using similar detection strategies (CK cocktail mixture and anti-CD45) with the addition of HER2 FISH to determine amplification status among captured CK+/CD45- and CK-/CD45-cells. RESULTS: In the first study, overall detection of CK+ cells was 83% with EpCAM alone and 93% with antibody cocktail. In addition, a median of 0.4 CK+ cells/mL and 1.0 CK+ cells/mL was observed using EpCAM and antibody cocktail, respectively. In the second study, CK+/CD45- cells were detected in 43 of 54 cases (80%). Among the 43 cases in which CK+/CD45- cells were detected, high concordance (93%) in HER2 status between primary tumor and CTCs was observed with HER2 amplification noted in both CK+/CD45- (50%) and CK-/CD45- (50%) cells. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a novel and robust method for CTC enumeration that utilizes a cocktail of antibodies for the detection of a heterogeneous (CK+ and CK-) population of CTCs. Our findings suggest an important population of CK- cells is being missed by current stain criteria in breast cancer patients. Data also demonstrate that recovery of CTCs from peripheral blood using the OncoCEE™ platform is efficient and suitable for FISH-based laboratory testing. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-13.
ISOLATION OF HYALURONATEPROTEIN FROM HUMAN SYNOVIAL FLUID*
Authors: John Sandson, David Hamerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The high molecular weight components of synovial fluid are hyaluronate and proteins.Hyalu- ronate is synthesized by cells of the synovial membrane, and its concentration in normal human synovial fluid is about 3 mg per g (1).Proteins in synovial fluid appear to be identical with those in serum (2).The protein concentration in normal synovial fluid is about 20 mg per g.A problem of considerable interest is whether hyaluronate in synovial fluid is free or exists as a compound with protein.To answer this question, electrophoresis or ultrafiltration have been used in attempts to separate hyaluronate from the proteins of synovial fluid.Some samples of hyaluronate, isolated from human or bovine synovial fluid by electrodialysis at pH 7.2, and treated with Celite to remove protein impurities, had a molar ratio of nitrogen to hexosamine of 1.00 and so were apparently protein-free (3, 4).Hyaluronate's enormous mo- lecular weight (1 x 106 or more) and even greater molecular volume compared to proteins of synovial fluid account for the retention of hyaluronate on special filters that allow proteins to pass through.In contrast to the products obtained by electrodialysis, hyaluronate isolated from bovine synovial fluid by 19 consecutive ultrafiltrations on sintered glass contained 25 per cent protein (5).It was thought that this protein was firmly bound to hyaluronate, and necessary for the anomalous viscosity of hyaluronate solutions.Later it was shown that over 65 per cent of the protein in this product could be removed by trypsin digestion
Abstract 4807: Zoledronic acid overcomes the resistance to the anti-angiogenic therapy and normalizes tumor vessels by switching from a M2- to a M1-like macrophages phenotype in a mouse model of spontaneous cervical cancer
Authors: Stefania Capano, Federica Maione, Oriol Casanovas, Federico Bussolino, Enrico Giraudo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent studies described a resistance to the anti-angiogenic therapy both in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Several mechanisms that contribute to this resistance has been so far proposed and, among these, the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to the tumors, seems to be critical. We have previously showed that an amino-bisphosphonate, Zoledronic acid (ZA), in a mouse model of spontaneous cervical carcinogenesis (HPV16/E2) by targeting MMP-9+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), strongly inhibited cancer progression and angiogenesis. Stemming from these data we sought to investigate whether ZA by acting on TAM, was able to overcome the resistance to anti-angiogenic treatments. We treated tumor-bearing HPV16/E2 mice with ZA alone or combined with the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib or with an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody, DC101, to assess the ability of ZA to block metastasis dissemination. Notably ZA synergized with Sunitinib and DC101 to inhibit primary tumor growth. Interestingly, while these compounds increased the incidence and the number of liver and lung metastasis, ZA alone inhibited basal tumor metastasis in parallel to angiogenesis inhibition. ZA combined with Sunitinib or DC101 showed a greater effect in impairing liver and lung metastasis formation. Confocal analysis of the vasculature revealed that while Sunitinib- or DC101-treated cancers displayed poorly functional vessels, both ZA alone or combined with Sunitinib or DC101 efficiently induced a normalized vasculature highly covered by pericytes and better perfused. Remarkably, gene and protein expression analysis of FACS-sorted macrophages derived from tumors of the different treatment groups, showed that ZA alone or combined with Sunitinib or DC101 inhibited the expression of M2-markers such as MRC-1, Il-10, CCL22 and MMP-9 and simultaneously enhanced the levels of M1-markers such as Il12 and CXCL9 in these cells. We conclude that ZA, by promoting a M1-like macrophages phenotype in HPV16/E2 cervical cancers and consequently inducing a normalized vasculature, efficiently overcomes the resistance to angiogenesis inhibition by blocking metastasis dissemination. Citation Format: Stefania Capano, Federica Maione, Oriol Casanovas, Federico Bussolino, Enrico Giraudo. Zoledronic acid overcomes the resistance to the anti-angiogenic therapy and normalizes tumor vessels by switching from a M2- to a M1-like macrophages phenotype in a mouse model of spontaneous cervical cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4807. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4807
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation and Computed Tomographic Findings in Peripheral Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Motoki Yano, Hidefumi Sasaki, Yoshihiro Kobayashi, Haruhiro Yukiue, Hiroshi Haneda, Eriko Suzuki, Katsuhiko Endo, Osamu Kawano, Masaki Hara, Yoshitaka Fujii
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Inspiratory Muscle Mechanics of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease during Incremental Exercise
Authors: SHENG YAN, DARIUSZ KAMINSKI, PAWEL SLIWINSKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Inspiratory muscles are weak and contribute to exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Differential inspiratory pressure contributions from the diaphragm and inspiratory rib cage muscles (RCMs) during exercise in patients with COPD patients are insufficiently described. We measured, in 16 patients with COPD, the global inspiratory muscle pressure ( Δ Pmus) and transdiaphragmatic pressure ( Δ Pdi) during an incremental bicycle exercise to exhaustion. The pressures needed to overcome the elastic load were further partitioned into portions for overcoming the PEEPi-imposed inspiratory threshold load (before the beginning of inspiratory flow) and for inflating the respiratory system (between the beginning and end of inspiratory flow). The Δ Pdi/ Δ Pmus ratio was used to quantify the pressure contribution from RCMs relative to that from the diaphragm for a given inspiratory effort. We observed that in patients with COPD during exercise (1) there is a progressive increase in total inspiratory pressure contribution from RCMs relative to that of the diaphragm, and the magnitude of this increase appears to depend on the RCMs reserves during resting breathing; (2) most of the diaphragmatic pressure contribution occurs before the beginning of inspiratory flow, to overcome the PEEPi-imposed inspiratory threshold load; (3) RCMs pressure contribution predominates during the period of inspiratory flow once PEEPi is neutralized, not only for overcoming the elastic load caused by increased tidal volume, but also for compensating for the diaphragmatic pressure contribution during this interval that was gradually lost with increasing exercise work load.
DERMATOLOGY AT GUY'S HOSPITAL (1850–1949)
Authors: G. B. DOWLING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article DERMATOLOGY AT GUY'S HOSPITAL (1850–1949) Get access G. B. DOWLING G. B. DOWLING Consulting Physician for Diseases of the Skin, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, S.E.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1967, Page 431, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11529.x Published: 01 August 1967
THE ROENTGEN RAYS IN DENTISTRY.
Authors: MIHRAN K. KASSABIAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The discovery of the Roentgen rays in 1895 marked a new epoch in the domain of dental surgery. The first skiagraph of the teeth was presented to the Society of Physics of Frankfurt-on-the-Main, in February, 1896, by Prof. Koenig. In April, 1896, at the Congress of Erlangen, Walkhoff demonstrated many skiagraphs of the teeth in the living subject. Dr. W. J. Morton wrote an article which appeared in the<i>Dental Cosmos</i>, June 1896, on "The X-rays and Their Application in Dentistry." Since then, many dentists and physicians in this country and abroad have endeavored to bring dental skiagraphy to a greater degree of perfection; yet the field is wide and requires many modifications and improvements. <h3>TECHNIC.</h3> Although the technic and principles of dental skiagraphy do not differ greatly from ordinary skiagraphy, I wish to describe it very briefly for the benefit of those who are interested, and are desirous of
The human platelet alloantigens, PlA1 and PlA2, are associated with a leucine33/proline33 amino acid polymorphism in membrane glycoprotein IIIa, and are distinguishable by DNA typing.
Authors: P J Newman, R S Derbes, R H Aster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The human platelet alloantigens, PlA1 and PlA2, comprise a diallelic antigen system located on a component of the platelet fibrinogen receptor, membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa. Of the known platelet alloantigens, PlA1, which is carried by 98% of the caucasian population, appears to be the alloantigen that most often provokes neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and posttransfusion purpura. The structural features of the GPIIIa molecule responsible for its antigenicity are as yet unknown. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PcR), we amplified the NH2-terminal region of platelet GPIIIa mRNA derived from PlA1 and PlA2 homozygous individuals. Nucleotide sequence analysis of selected amplified cDNA products revealed a C in equilibrium T polymorphism at base 196 that created a unique Nci I restriction enzyme cleavage site in the PlA2, but not the PlA1 form of GPIIIa cDNA. Subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of cDNAs generated by PcR from 10 PlA1/A1, 5 PlA2/A2, and 3 PlA1/A2 individuals showed that Nci I digestion permitted clear discrimination between the PlA1 and PlA2 alleles of GPIIIa. All PlA2/A2 individuals studied contain a C at base 196, whereas PlA1 homozygotes have a T at this position. This single base change results in a leucine/proline polymorphism at amino acid 33 from the NH2-terminus, and is likely to impart significant differences in the secondary structures of these two allelic forms of the GPIIIa molecule. The ability to perform DNA-typing analysis for PlA phenotype may have a number of useful clinical applications, including fetal testing and determination of the phenotype of severely thrombocytopenic individuals.
Letter: Frusemide-induced pancreatitis?
Authors: P Strunge
Journal: BMJ (1975)

presenting with the severe form of this ill- ness, as described above.Surgery should be avoided,' 2 as the majority of cases described have improved with supportive treatmente-3 together with systemic and/or local steroids and more recently cholestyramine.4A firm diagnosis can usually be made at sigmoido- scopy and rectal biopsy, thereby distinguishing it from acute ulcerative colitis, which the barium enema cannot do.5Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis is now well described.Estimates of the incidence in patients taking this drug vary from 000001 % 2 to 10% .3As this ill- ness may be severe, protracted, and life- threatening we wish to make a plea that this antibiotic be used only for severe anaerobic infections such as bacteroides septicaemia.We feel that its activity against Gram- positive infections does not justify its use against these organisms as the drug of choice.-Weare, etc.,
Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Arndt Vogel, Christian P. Strassburg, Michael P. Manns
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are immune-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver of unknown etiology. Genetic factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 has been implicated as an immunomodulator, which acts through its own receptor (VDR). Polymorphisms of the VDR have been linked to a variety of autoimmune diseases. In this study VDR polymorphisms were analyzed in 123 patients with AIH, 74 patients with PBC, and 214 controls. VDR polymorphisms were assessed by BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, and Fok endonuclease digestion after specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. We found a significant association between the BsmI polymorphisms in PBC patients in comparison with controls (χ 2 = 9.49, P = .009). Furthermore we detected a significant association of the Fok polymorphims in AIH patients in comparison to controls (χ 2 = 9.71, P = .008) indicating a genetic link of VDR polymorphisms to autoimmune liver diseases such as PBC and AIH in German patients. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the complex events determining immunologic tolerance in the liver. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which the vitamin D receptor contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases.
Intermittent Branched-Chain Ketonuria
Authors: Joseph Dancis, Joel Hutzler, Torgeir Rokkones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MAPLE-syrup-urine disease (branched-chain ketonuria) is a genetic disorder with a well defined biochemical defect.1 Symptoms of anorexia, vomiting, hypertonicity and occasionally convulsions appear during the first week of life. The clinically diagnostic feature is a maple-syrup odor to the urine. Early death is frequent. If the patient survives, and is not treated with an appropriate diet, severe and permanent neurologic damage rapidly occurs. The fundamental defect, easily demonstrable in the peripheral leukocytes,2 is an inability to metabolize the branched-chain keto acids. As a result, these keto acids and their respective amino acids – leucine, isoleucine, and valine – are elevated . . .
REFLECTIONS UPON THE PRESENT STATUS OF CLINICAL MEDICINE.
Authors: ALOYSIUS O. J. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The pleasure and satisfaction with which I accepted the invitation of your president, to deliver the address on this occasion, I am free to admit were somewhat tempered by the knowledge that I was expected to say something. The selection of a subject that might be at the same time appropriate and interesting has been to me a matter of considerable concern. More especially has this been the case as the advent of the new century brings with it the temptation to review the achievements of medicine during the past one hundred years and to prognosticate the promises of the future. The changes wrought in medicine during the nineteenth century have been so revolutionary, the achievements so marvelous, the discoveries so numerous, the inventions so ingenious and of such far-reaching consequences to the individual and to humanity, that a discussion of them seems most pertinent and inviting. I have, however,
Results of a Phase II Study With Doxorubicin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin in Patients With Fully Characterized Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Christos N. Papandreou, Danai D. Daliani, Peter F. Thall, Shi-Ming Tu, Xuemei Wang, Adriana Reyes, Patricia Troncoso, Christopher J. Logothetis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the activity and toxicity of doxorubicin in combination with cisplatin and etoposide in patients with small-cell prostate carcinoma (SCPCa) and to characterize the clinicopathologic features of SCPCa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with SCPCa (pure or mixed), measurable disease, good organ function, and no prior treatment with doxorubicin, etoposide, or cisplatin were treated every 4 weeks with doxorubicin 50 mg/m 2 as a 24-hour intravenous (IV) infusion followed by etoposide 120 mg/m 2 /d and cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 /d IV on days 2 to 4. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (36 assessable for response) were treated for a median of four cycles. Twenty-nine (81%) of 36 patients had prior hormonal therapy. Study patients had visceral metastases, lytic bone disease, and relatively low serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). We observed 22 partial responses (response rate, 61% in an intent-to-treat analysis); toxicity was severe (grade 3 or 4 neutropenia 100%, thrombocytopenia 66%, mucositis 21%, and infection 68%). Three patients died of toxicity. Median time to progression and overall survival time were 5.8 months and 10.5 months, respectively. Performance status, serum albumin, and number of organs involved (but not PSA, carcinoembryonic antigen, or neuroendocrine markers) were predictors of survival. CONCLUSION: SCPCa presents unique clinicopathologic features. Addition of doxorubicin to the etoposide/cisplatin regimen caused higher toxicity in this patient population and failed to improve outcome. Given these results, we do not recommend further development of this regimen for patients with SCPCa. Improvement in therapy will come from understanding the biology of SCPCa progression and integrating new targeted therapies into the treatment of SCPCa.
Detection of interferon in the sera of patients with psoriasis, and its enhancement by PUVA treatment
Authors: W. DIEZEL, S. R. WASCHKE, N. SONNICHSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Interferon-like activity could be detected in the sera of nineteen psoriatic patients (interferon titres between 8 and 64 i.u./ml), whereas healthy controls were negative. Following PUVA treatment the interferon levels increased significantly (interferon titres between 32 and 128 i.u./ml). An enhanced interferon production could explain some of the immunological phenomena connected with PUVA treatment.