tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Local proliferation dominates lesional macrophage accumulation in atherosclerosis
Authors: Clinton S Robbins, Ingo Hilgendorf, Georg F Weber, Igor Theurl, Yoshiko Iwamoto, Jose-Luiz Figueiredo, Rostic Gorbatov, Galina K Sukhova, Louisa M S Gerhardt, David Smyth, Caleb C J Zavitz, Eric A Shikatani, Michael Parsons, Nico van Rooijen, Herbert Y Lin, Mansoor Husain, Peter Libby, Matthias Nahrendorf, Ralph Weissleder, Filip K Swirski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Primary Care Outcomes in Patients Treated by Nurse Practitioners or Physicians
Authors: Mary O. Mundinger, Robert L. Kane, Elizabeth R. Lenz, Annette M. Totten, Wei-Yann Tsai, Paul D. Cleary, William T. Friedewald, Albert L. Siu, Michael L. Shelanski
Journal: JAMA (2000)

<h3>Context</h3> Studies have suggested that the quality of primary care delivered by nurse practitioners is equal to that of physicians. However, these studies did not measure nurse practitioner practices that had the same degree of independence as the comparison physician practices, nor did previous studies provide direct comparison of outcomes for patients with nurse practitioner or physician providers. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare outcomes for patients randomly assigned to nurse practitioners or physicians for primary care follow-up and ongoing care after an emergency department or urgent care visit. <h3>Design</h3> Randomized trial conducted between August 1995 and October 1997, with patient interviews at 6 months after initial appointment and health services utilization data recorded at 6 months and 1 year after initial appointment. <h3>Setting</h3> Four community-based primary care clinics (17 physicians) and 1 primary care clinic (7 nurse practitioners) at an urban academic medical center. <h3>Patients</h3> Of 3397 adults originally screened, 1316 patients (mean age, 45.9 years; 76.8% female; 90.3% Hispanic) who had no regular source of care and kept their initial primary care appointment were enrolled and randomized with either a nurse practitioner (n = 806) or physician (n = 510). <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Patient satisfaction after initial appointment (based on 15-item questionnaire); health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36), satisfaction, and physiologic test results 6 months later; and service utilization (obtained from computer records) for 1 year after initial appointment, compared by type of provider. <h3>Results</h3> No significant differences were found in patients' health status (nurse practitioners vs physicians) at 6 months (<i>P</i>= .92). Physiologic test results for patients with diabetes (<i>P</i>= .82) or asthma (<i>P</i>= .77) were not different. For patients with hypertension, the diastolic value was statistically significantly lower for nurse practitioner patients (82 vs 85 mm Hg;<i>P</i>= .04). No significant differences were found in health services utilization after either 6 months or 1 year. There were no differences in satisfaction ratings following the initial appointment (<i>P</i>= .88 for overall satisfaction). Satisfaction ratings at 6 months differed for 1 of 4 dimensions measured (provider attributes), with physicians rated higher (4.2 vs 4.1 on a scale where 5 = excellent;<i>P</i>= .05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In an ambulatory care situation in which patients were randomly assigned to either nurse practitioners or physicians, and where nurse practitioners had the same authority, responsibilities, productivity and administrative requirements, and patient population as primary care physicians, patients' outcomes were comparable.
Human Rights and Medicine's Obligations
Authors: Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 March 1993Human Rights and Medicine's ObligationsTroyen A. Brennan, MD and Robert H. Kirschner, MDTroyen A. Brennan, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Robert H. Kirschner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-6-199303150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Nurhussein is correct that the effects of the Gulf War, especially on the children and ethnic minorities of Iraq, must be considered in any discussion of human rights violations. Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) has sent several missions to Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan, and Kurdish refugee camps in Turkey to draw public attention to the enormous dimensions of this problem [1, 2].We agree that the principles of medical ethics cross national and cultural boundaries and cannot be abrogated by civilian or religious law. Physicians are obliged to speak out on behalf of colleagues living in countries where ...References1. Physicians for Human Rights. Iraq's apocalyptic landscape. PHR Record. 1991; 4:2. Google Scholar2. Sandler RH, Epstein PR, Cook-Deegan RM, Shukri A. Letter from Cukurca: initial medical assessment of Kurdish refugees in the Turkey-Iraq border region. JAMA. 1991; 266:5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Troyen A. Brennan, MD; Robert H. Kirschner, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 6Page: 476KeywordsAttentionChildrenCyclic adenosine monophosphateMedical ethicsOrgan transplantationPrevention, policy, and public healthStarvation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Disease progression in infective endocarditis: transesophageal echocardiographic study
Authors: Frances B. Colreavy, Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Lawrence J. Sinak, Roger L. Click, Youssef F. Malouf, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Charles J. Mullany, Samantha C. Montgomery, James B. Seward
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Effect of Antacids on the Absorption of Simultaneously Ingested Iron
Authors: Mary A. O'Neil-Cutting
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Most discussions of iron therapy include a statement about the ineffectiveness of iron ingested simultaneously with antacids. This study was designed to determine whether or not antacids inhibit iron absorption. A small-dose iron tolerance test was used to compare absorption of iron with and without various antacids. Liquid antacid containing aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide did not significantly decrease iron absorption. Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate caused the plasma iron increase to be 50% and 67% less than the control values, respectively. However, when calcium carbonate was present in a multivitamin-plus-minerals tablet, the plasma iron change was not significantly different from control trials. Presumably the competitive binding of iron by ascorbic acid in the vitamin pill allowed uninhibited absorption of the iron. Our results suggest that certain antacids may be combined with iron therapy without reducing the efficacy of the iron.
Survival Associated With Treatment vs Observation of Localized Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men
Authors: Yu-Ning Wong, Nandita Mitra, Gary Hudes, Russell Localio, J. Sanford Schwartz, Fei Wan, Chantal Montagnet, Katrina Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Prostate-specific antigen screening has led to an increase in the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer. However, the role of active treatment of low- and intermediate-risk disease in elderly men is controversial.To estimate the association between treatment (with radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy) compared with observation and overall survival in men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Observational US cohort from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare data.At total of 44,630 men aged 65 to 80 years who were diagnosed between 1991 and 1999 with organ-confined, well- or moderately differentiated prostate cancer and who had survived more than a year past diagnosis. Patients were followed up until death or study end (December 31, 2002). Patients were classified as having received treatment (n=32,022) if they had claims for radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy during the first 6 months after diagnosis. They were classified as having received observation (n=12,608) if they did not have claims for radical prostatectomy, radiation, or hormonal therapy. Patients who received only hormonal therapy were excluded.Overall survival.At the end of the 12-year study period, 4663 men (37%) in the observational group and 7639 men (23.8%) in the treatment group had died. The treatment group had longer 5- and 10-year survival than the observation group. After using propensity scores to adjust for potential confounders (tumor characteristics, demographics, and comorbidities), there was a statistically significant survival advantage associated with treatment (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.72). A benefit associated with treatment was seen in all subgroups examined, including older men (aged 75-80 years at diagnosis), black men, and men with low-risk disease.This study suggests a survival advantage is associated with active treatment for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in elderly men aged 65 to 80 years. Because observational data cannot completely adjust for potential selection bias and confounding, these results must be validated in randomized controlled trials of alternative management strategies in elderly men with localized prostate cancer.
Renal insufficiency in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome is associated with a marked increase in death and myocardial infarction at 30 days
Authors: Mohammed Ghanamah, Joel P. Reginelli, Herbert D. Aronow, Arman T. Askari, Derek P. Chew, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Aspirin, But Not Clopidogrel, Reduces Collateral Conductance in a Rabbit Model of Femoral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Imo E. Hoefer, Sebastian Grundmann, Stephan Schirmer, Niels van Royen, Benjamin Meder, Christoph Bode, Jan J. Piek, Ivo R. Buschmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Nephrectomy in a Series of 63 Cases: Stepwise Transition From Hybrid to Pure NOTES
Authors: Yijun Xue, Xiaofeng Zou, Guoxi Zhang, Yuanhu Yuan, Rihai Xiao, Yunfeng Liao, Xin Zhong, Bo Jiang, Ruiquan Xu, Yuhua Zou, Gang Xu, Kunlin Xie, Xu Zhang
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Managing Death in the ICU: The Transition from Cure to Comfort
Authors: John Hansen-Flaschen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 April 2002Managing Death in the ICU: The Transition from Cure to ComfortJohn Hansen-Flaschen, MDJohn Hansen-Flaschen, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-8-200204160-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Curtis JR and Rubenfeld GD, eds. 388 pages. Oxford: Oxford Univ Pr; 2001. $59.95. ISBN 0195128818. Order phone 800-451-7556.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians who work in intensive care units (ICUs), including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and hospital chaplains; bioethicists; and legal scholars who seek a clinical perspective on end-of-life care in ICUs.Purpose: This book offers a comprehensive, contemporary perspective on palliative and terminal care in ICUs, with focus on practical issues of decision making, problem solving, and clinical management.Content: Multiauthor book composed of 28 chapters in five parts. The book begins with an introduction to recent changes ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 April 2002Volume 136, Issue 8Page: 636KeywordsAutopsyChildrenDecision makingElderlyEnd of life careIntensive care unitsPatientsProblem solving ePublished: 16 April 2002 Issue Published: 16 April 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Secret Life of NAD+: An Old Metabolite Controlling New Metabolic Signaling Pathways
Authors: Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Carles Cantó, Ronald J. Wanders, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

A century after the identification of a coenzymatic activity for NAD+, NAD+ metabolism has come into the spotlight again due to the potential therapeutic relevance of a set of enzymes whose activity is tightly regulated by the balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of this metabolite. In fact, the actions of NAD+ have been extended from being an oxidoreductase cofactor for single enzymatic activities to acting as substrate for a wide range of proteins. These include NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and transcription factors that affect a large array of cellular functions. Through these effects, NAD+ provides a direct link between the cellular redox status and the control of signaling and transcriptional events. Of particular interest within the metabolic/endocrine arena are the recent results, which indicate that the regulation of these NAD+-dependent pathways may have a major contribution to oxidative metabolism and life span extension. In this review, we will provide an integrated view on: 1) the pathways that control NAD+ production and cycling, as well as its cellular compartmentalization; 2) the signaling and transcriptional pathways controlled by NAD+; and 3) novel data that show how modulation of NAD+-producing and -consuming pathways have a major physiological impact and hold promise for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.
Reported Cases of AIDS: An Update
Authors: Harry W. Haverkos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: In 1991, a colleague and I summarized data on cases of AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1989 and 1990.1 This letter updates recent trends in AIDS cases in the United States by comparing end-of-the-year data for the years 1989 through 1992, using cases reported in each year, whether they were diagnosed during that year or earlier. Although the increase in the number of cases is slowing, the distribution of patients among the various categories of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is shifting. Table 1 shows the number of cases reported . . .
Pneumocystis pneumonia transmission between patients with lymphoma
Authors: J. H. Brazinsky
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Two patients with malignancy of the lymphoreticular system were hospitalized in adjacent beds. The first patient (case 1) had<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia of unknown source, and in the second patient (case 2) the condition developed after the patient was hospitalized. These cases add support to the concept of man to man transmission of<i>carinii</i>and suggest that the diagnosis be considered in patients with an altered immune response who show signs of pneumonia. Furthermore they suggest that a patient with<i>carinii</i>pneumonia be isolated from other susceptible patients. <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>can cause pneumonia in patients with an altered immune response due to primary immunologic deficiency or malignancy of the lymphoreticular system and its treatment. Transmission between people has been reported in only a few instances.<sup>1-6</sup>Two patients with malignancy of the lymphoreticular system treated with radiation therapy, steroids in large doses, and other chemotherapeutic agents had
K63-linked polyubiquitination of transcription factor IRF1 is essential for IL-1-induced production of chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5
Authors: Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar, Jessie W Yester, Michael J Surace, Clement Oyeniran, Megan M Price, Wei-Ching Huang, Nitai C Hait, Jeremy C Allegood, Akimitsu Yamada, Xiangqian Kong, Helen M Lazear, Reetika Bhardwaj, Kazuaki Takabe, Michael S Diamond, Cheng Luo, Sheldon Milstien, Sarah Spiegel, Tomasz Kordula
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Renin-Secreting Renal Neoplasm and Hypertension with Hypokalemia
Authors: RICHARD L. EDDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Antihypertensive medication was ineffective in a young woman with severe, progressive hypertension of 6 years' duration. Serial excretory urography, catecholamine excretion, aldosterone excretion, and serum potassium levels were normal until hypokalemia was noted. Further evaluation showed a renal neoplasm and elevated plasma renin activity and aldosterone excretion. Renovascular embarrassment was not found by radioactive hippuran or impedance renography. Nephrectomy promptly initiated a dramatic fall in the blood pressure and in plasma renin activity. The tumor was characterized morphologically as a hemangiopericytoma that contained high concentrations of renin activity and Bowie-positive granules. Postoperatively, the patient has been normotensive and normokalemic without medication. Renin activity in the peripheral plasma is normal.
Mitral Regurgitation Due to Degenerative Mitral-Valve Disease
Authors: Elyse Foster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 44-year-old man presents with dyspnea and new atrial fibrillation. He received a diagnosis of mild mitral regurgitation at 28 years of age but has not seen a physician in many years. Physical examination reveals a holosystolic murmur and a soft S3. Repeat echocardiography shows a flail posterior leaflet and moderately severe mitral regurgitation. How should this case be managed?
Critical windows of exposure for children's health: cancer in human epidemiological studies and neoplasms in experimental animal models.
Authors: L M Anderson, B A Diwan, N T Fear, E Roman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In humans, cancer may be caused by genetics and environmental exposures; however, in the majority of instances the identification of the critical time window of exposure is problematic. The evidence for exposures occurring during the preconceptional period that have an association with childhood or adulthood cancers is equivocal. Agents definitely related to cancer in children, and adulthood if exposure occurs in utero, include: maternal exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy and childhood leukemia and certain other cancers, and maternal use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina of their daughters. The list of environmental exposures that occur during the perinatal/postnatal period with potential to increase the risk of cancer is lengthening, but evidence available to date is inconsistent and inconclusive. In animal models, preconceptional carcinogenesis has been demonstrated for a variety of types of radiation and chemicals, with demonstrated sensitivity for all stages from fetal gonocytes to postmeiotic germ cells. Transplacental and neonatal carcinogenesis show marked ontogenetic stage specificity in some cases. Mechanistic factors include the number of cells at risk, the rate of cell division, the development of differentiated characteristics including the ability to activate and detoxify carcinogens, the presence of stem cells, and possibly others. Usefulness for human risk estimation would be strengthened by the study of these factors in more than one species, and by a focus on specific human risk issues.
The Care of Congenital Hand Anomalies
Authors: Joseph Upton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This long-awaited book is easy to read and conversational in tone; it reflects the author's concise logical approach to surgery. The book correlates and integrates Dr Flatt's numerous articles on congenital hand anomalies and summarizes his personal experience with more than 1,500 patients whose cases have been carefully analyzed and documented over several decades. The initial chapters on the role of reconstructive surgery, genetics and inheritance patterns, growth and kinesiology, and classification are written clearly and interspersed with appropriate diagrams and tables, making it an enjoyable introduction to the subject. The book is not intended to be an encyclopedic compendium of congenital hand anomalies with details of varieties of surgical techniques. Instead, it is personal and is supplemented by the author's dissections and documentations, as, for instance, in the anomalous anatomy seen in the radial clubhand, acrosyndactyly, complex syndactyly in Apert's syndrome, and thumb duplications. The photographs and illustrations are
Plight of commonwealth graduates in U.K
Authors: C. Hodge
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICBALnJovery remote if the operation has been properly performed.In view of the numerous reports the Union has received recently concerning male sterilization it would appear that many surgeons do not realize that vasoligation should not be carried out under the National Health Service unless there is a medical indication for the operation.There is no distinction between men and women regarding steriliza- tion under the N.H.S.; the operation can be carried out under the N.H.
Input limitations for cortical combination-sensitive neurons coding stop-consonants?
Authors: Christoph E. Schreiner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

A tendency of auditory cortical neurons to respond at the beginning of major transitions in sounds rather than providing a continuously updated spectral-temporal profile may impede the generation of combination-sensitivity for certain classes of stimuli. Potential consequences of the cortical encoding of voiced stop-consonants on representational principles derived from orderly output constraints are discussed.
Guidelines are good for you
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Here in Auchendreich we strive to achieve that judiciously innovative excellence which characterises semirural Scottish medicine as a whole. For 106 years our Medico-Chirurgical Society has existed for just this purpose, and at its final meeting of the season last week we had a professor down from the university to bring us up to date on the new and exciting Scottish Multidisciplinary Universal Guidelines.

The SMUG initiative, the professor explained, is now sweeping the country, bringing in its wake untold benefits to patients, health care staff, and our hard pressed NHS managers. The idea is basically simple. If, for example, the aim is to improve the management of ingrown toenail, a national working group consisting of eminent surgeons, general practitioners, chiropodists, physiotherapists, nurses, and …