tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary clearance of vasoactive intestinal peptide.
Authors: M P Barrowcliffe, A Morice, J G Jones, P S Sever
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide causes bronchodilatation when given intravenously but is less effective in both animals and man when given by inhalation. This difference may be due to poor transit of the peptide across the bronchial epithelium. To test this hypothesis pulmonary clearance of radiolabelled vasoactive intestinal peptide was measured in Sprague Dawley rats and compared with that of pertechnetate (TcO4-) and diethylene triamine pentaacetate (DTPA). Despite a molecular weight (MW) of 3450, iodinated vasoactive intestinal peptide was cleared rapidly from the lungs, with a mean half time (t1/2) of 19 minutes after an initial slower phase. This compares with a t1/2 of 10 minutes with TcO4- (MW 163) and a t1/2 of 158 minutes with DTPA (MW 492). The possibility that vasoactive intestinal peptide mediates a non-specific increase in permeability was discounted by the fact that the combination of vasoactive intestinal peptide and DTPA did not alter DTPA clearance significantly. Chromatography and radioimmunoassay of blood taken after intratracheal administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide demonstrated a metabolite but no unchanged peptide. An intravenous injection of the peptide disappeared on first pass through the lung. It is concluded that inhaled vasoactive intestinal peptide lacks efficacy as a bronchodilator not because of slow diffusion to airway smooth muscle but because it is metabolised at an early stage of its passage through the respiratory epithelium.
The Importance of Potential Studies That Have Not Existed and Registration of Observational Data Sets
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Validity and Reliability of an Instrument for Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life and Treatment Preferences
Authors: Mark Peyrot, Richard R. Rubin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To provide a preliminary assessment of the validity and reliability of a new measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment preference for insulin delivery systems. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Study participants were 197 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who completed the Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire (IDSRQ), a self-administered questionnaire developed for this study. The IDSRQ assessed patient perceptions of treatment satisfaction, impact of treatment on daily activities, clinical efficacy, diabetes-related worries and social burdens, psychological well-being, and overall treatment system preference of patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI). RESULTS—The IDSRQ subscales had acceptable reliability (α = 0.67–0.92, median 0.82) and test-retest correlations (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.67–0.94, median 0.88). Floor effects (0–10%, median 0%) and ceiling effects (0–18%, median 4%) were minimal. There were statistically significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between patients using CSII and MDI on all IDSRQ subscales except psychological well-being (P = 0.096); differences in means were 0.3–1.4 SD units (median 0.9). Multiple regression analysis (controlling for age, sex, and type of diabetes) showed that treatment satisfaction, perceived clinical efficacy, and psychological well-being were independently associated with overall treatment preference and accounted for half of the difference in preference between CSII and MDI patients. CONCLUSIONS—Preliminary findings suggest that the IDSRQ is a valid and reliable measure of HRQOL and treatment preferences for insulin delivery systems. The subscales are comprehensive, sensitive to differences in user populations, and account for most of the preference for a particular insulin delivery system.
The Centinormalized Unit for Reporting Enzyme Results
Authors: Joseph E. Buttery
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Centinormalized units (values expressed as a percentage of the upper limit of the reference range) have been proposed as a logical way of reporting enzyme results. We argue that this would not eliminate the need to refer to reference ranges, nor would it confer comparability of results between laboratories. The present confusing situation will be solved only by the adoption of standardized methods of estimation.  ( JAMA 1981;245:2431-2432)
Endotoxin, platelet-activating factor and renal function in cirrhosis
Authors: C Sama, AM Morselli-Labate, A Roda, A Chianura, A Minutello, N Carletti, A Mazziotti, R Bcllusci, GF Stefanini, A Cavallari, G Gasbarrini, L Barbara, G Gozzetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
A fascia lata mitral valve based on the `frustum' principle
Authors: R. T. Brownlee, A. K. Yates
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A newly designed strut-supported `frustum9 fascia lata valve has been described for replacement of the mitral valve. It offers the advantages of autologous tissue leaflets, ease of construction and insertion, central flow through an unobstructed mobile annulus, no ventricular outflow obstruction, and minimal intracardiac prosthetic material. Initial clinical trials which have been carried out suggest that the action of this valve allows a close approximation of the haemodynamics and movement of the normal mitral valve.
230 COMPARISON OF SIX SERUM TESTS, LIVER STIFFNESS AND HVPG IN THE PREDICTION OF CLINICAL DECOMPENSATION IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES
Authors: B. Procopet, M.A. Robic, M. Grigorescu, S. Métivier, M. Tantau, J.M. Peron, J.P. Vinel, C. Bureau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy retards the progression of chronic obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Xiaojie Gao, Hiromu Mae, Nobuhiko Ayabe, Toru Takai, Keisuke Oshima, Masuji Hattori, Takahiro Ueki, Jiro Fujimoto, Takakuni Tanizawa
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
BIOMARKERS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN LOW FLOW, LOW GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS: RELATIONSHIP TO HEMODYNAMIC, FUNCTIONAL, AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES - RESULTS FROM THE MULTICENTER TOPAS (TRULY OR PSEUDO SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS) STUDY
Authors: Marie-Annick Clavel, Daniel F. Catanzaro, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Salma Ali, Gerald Mundigler, Ian G. Burwash, Jean G. Dumesnil, Helmut Baumgartner, Philipp Bartko, Patrick Mathieu, Raphael Rosenhek, Jeffrey S. Borer, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Clinical and Selected Research Aspects
Authors: DONALD P. TSCHUDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Acute intermittent porphyria is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by the excretion of excess porphyrin precursors (porphobilinogen and usually delta-aminolevulinic acid) in the urine, and by sporadic attacks of neurologic dysfunction. The disease is complex, involving variable patterns of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy as well as the central nervous system manifestations. There may be alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, water, and electrolyte metabolism in addition to clinically inapparent endocrine abnormalities. The fundamental defect is thought to be a 50% decrease of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. This is associated with a marked increase of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the first and rate controlling enzyme of the pathway. The measurement of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase in erythrocytes now provides an enzyme diagnostic test for the disease. Two therapeutic approaches that may prove to reverse the fundamental disease process, at least in some patients, involve [1] a high carbohydrate intake, and [2] intravenous administration of hematin. The latter, only recently introduced, is now being investigated.
AIDS Recommendations Leave Federal Officials to Ponder: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

TACKLING ITS CHARGE to recommend a national policy for dealing with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemic's final report contains a section that essentially is urging nothing less than revamping some of the health care system in the United States. "This is a unique opportunity; to miss this chance to get ourselves restructured nationally would be a tragic mistake," says James D. Watkins, the retired admiral who is the commission's chair. He says many of those who testified before the commission and most of the commission members themselves are receptive to this viewpoint. In examining the impact of AIDS, Watkins says, "we ran into so many issues—discrimination, nursing shortages, therapeutic drug development, intravenous drug abuse, education— issues that could not be resolved by any short-term solutions. To neglect these would build up long-term health problems that will be much more expensive to
Is Interlineage Recombination Responsible for Low Divergence of Mitochondrial nad3 Genes in Mytilus galloprovincialis?
Authors: A. Burzynski, B. Smietanka
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The existence of mtDNA recombination in animals has been confirmed by several case studies. Still, for Mytilus mussels possessing two divergent mitochondrial genomes (M and F), which can recombine, no recombination between coding sequences of highly diverged M and F genomes has been shown. Based on the full sequences of both genomes, it has been suggested that particularly low divergence observed within the mitochondrial nad3 gene of the Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel may be caused by its exceptionally low evolutionary rate. Here, we contribute a new pair of mitochondrial genomes typical for M. galloprovincialis and show that this low divergence is not a sign of evolutionary conservation but is rather caused by the acquisition of an F-related sequence by the published M genome of M. galloprovincialis. The most likely scenario for this apparent mtDNA-coding region recombination case is an assembly artifact.
Letter: Screening methods for covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls.
Authors: R Maskell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

greatest cause of disagreement is over the use of unts based on the mole wlhenapplied to substances of higher molecular weight.This seems to be a quite unnecessary complication and ehange to no great purpose and may well prove to be a cause of error and misunderstanding.It would be infinitely preferable to use mass concentra- tion units in the same way as is recommended for proteins.-Iam, etc.,
TRANSMISSION OF A MURINE STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS TO GUINEA PIGS AND RHESUS MONKEYS
Authors: CLAUS W. JUNGEBLUT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In 1910, while studying experimental poliomyelitis in monkeys, Roemer and Joseph1first called attention to a presumably spontaneous flaccid paralysis which occurred among approximately 5 per cent of their normal guinea pig stock. In the following year Roemer2succeeded in transmitting this disease to normal guinea pigs by intracerebral injection of emulsions of the brains and spinal cords of spontaneously paralyzed guinea pigs. The causative agent was identified as a hitherto unknown filter-passing virus which proved glycerin resistant and could not be grown on artificial mediums. The pathologic condition in the central nervous system was described as meningomyeloencephalitis of lymphocytic nature, involving the pia mater and also the substance of the spinal cord, particularly in the lumbar levels. While stressing the dissimilar pathologic features, Roemer did not fail to emphasize the striking analogy between this paralysis of guinea pigs and Heine-Medin disease. Identification of the etiologic agent was
Early versus delayed surfactant administration in extremely premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome ventilated by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation
Authors: Richard Plavka, Pavel Kopecký, Václav Sebroň, Alena Leiská, Petr Švihovec, Josef Ruffer, Milena Dokoupilová, Blanka Zlatohlávková, Vlastimil Januš, Martin Keszler
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2002)
Effect of Oxygen Administration by a Venturi Apparatus on Arterial Blood Gas Values in Patients with Respiratory Failure
Authors: Melvin M. Schiff, Donald Massaro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE need to lessen hypoxemia during acute episodes of worsened respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease is generally accepted. This situation poses a special problem in oxygen therapy, whose administration, especially in an uncontrolled fashion, may lead to further deterioration of ventilation, increased acidosis and occasionally coma. "Low-flow" oxygen by nasal catheter may avert these events, but arterial oxygenation is often variable and unpredictable.1 However, more precisely controlled low concentrations of inspired oxygen might overcome these deficiencies. Recently, Campbell and Gebbie2 described a simple, inexpensive mask, the "Ventimask,"§ which operates on the Venturi principle, through which the . . .
Effect of leeches therapy (Hirudo medicinalis) in painful osteoarthritis of the knee: a pilot study
Authors: A MICHALSEN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Leeches therapy was a mainstay in conventional treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases throughout antiquity until the 20th century.1-3 There is now renewed interest in leeches therapy in the field of complementary medicine. Sales of the four principal German traders have increased continuously throughout the past few years and led to an estimated 70 000 treatments (350 000 leeches sold/year, four to five used for each single treatment) yearly in Germany (Roth M, unpublished data). The majority of these treatments aim at pain reduction in regional pain syndromes, mostly for knee osteoarthritis.2 With the exception of its application in plastic surgery to maintain blood flow in congested skin flaps,4 5 treatment with leeches has, however, never been evaluated in clinical studies. We conducted a non-randomised controlled pilot study to assess the onset of action and the impact of leeches …
Induction of Serotonin Transporter by Hypoxia in Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: S. Eddahibi, V. Fabre, C. Boni, M. P. Martres, B. Raffestin, M. Hamon, S. Adnot
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The increased delivery of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) to the lung aggravates the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, possibly through stimulation of the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs). In cultured rat PA-SMCs, 5-HT (10 –8 to 10 –6 mol/L) induced DNA synthesis and potentiated the mitogenic effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (10 ng/mL). This effect was dependent on the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), since it was prevented by the 5-HTT inhibitors fluoxetine (10 –6 mol/L) and paroxetine (10 –7 mol/L), but it was unaltered by ketanserin (10 –6 mol/L), a 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist. In PA-SMCs exposed to hypoxia, the levels of 5-HTT mRNA (measured by competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction) increased by 240% within 2 hours, followed by a 3-fold increase in the uptake of [ 3 H]5-HT at 24 hours. Cotransfection of the cells with a construct of human 5-HTT promoter-luciferase gene reporter and of pCMV-β-galactosidase gene allowed the demonstration that exposure of cells to hypoxia produced a 5.5-fold increase in luciferase activity, with no change in β-galactosidase activity. The increased expression of 5-HTT in hypoxic cells was associated with a greater mitogenic response to 5-HT (10 –8 to 10 –6 mol/L) in the absence as well as in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. 5-HTT expression assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization in the lungs was found to predominate in the media of pulmonary artery, in which a marked increase was noted in rats that had been exposed to hypoxia for 15 days. These data show that in vitro and in vivo exposure to hypoxia induces, via a transcriptional mechanism, 5-HTT expression in PA-SMCs, and that this effect contributes to the stimulatory action of 5-HT on PA-SMC proliferation. In vivo expression of 5-HTT by PA-SMC may play a key role in serotonin-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling.
High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases: Evaluation of its use in 19 cases
Authors: Sonia Segura, Pilar Iranzo, Isabel Martínez-de Pablo, José Manuel Mascaró, Mercè Alsina, Josep Herrero, Carmen Herrero
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Electrospun scaffolds for multiple tissues regeneration in vivo through topography dependent induction of lineage specific differentiation
Authors: Zi Yin, Xiao Chen, Hai-xin Song, Jia-jie Hu, Qiao-mei Tang, Ting Zhu, Wei-liang Shen, Jia-lin Chen, Huanhuan Liu, Boon Chin Heng, Hong-Wei Ouyang
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Federation Licensing Examination (FLEX)
Authors: Frederick T. Merchant
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc., through its Examination Institute Committee, has developed FLEX for use by the states to fulfill the long-time objective of administering meaningful examinations. FLEX was first administered in June 1968 by seven pioneer states: Illinois, Maine, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, West Virginia, and Wyoming. These were joined in December by Oregon. According to information available at the time of this report six additional states will administer the examination in June 1969: California, Idaho, Indiana, Montana, New York, and Utah. The initial experience in 1968, although limited in scope, was sufficient for evaluating the examination and establishing it to be a reliable and valid testing device. The states were uniformly pleased with the results and have enthusiastically continued their participation. While passing levels are a function of the state administering the examination under its own statutes, rules, or regulations, nonetheless the
Sodium, potassium, and sodium efflux in leucocytes from hypertensive Jamaicans.
Authors: N Jones, P J Hilton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

oxygen cylinders were supplied by area health authorities (via hospitals) in 54°,, of all centres prescribing portable oxygen.Other centres relied on charities or had patients buyingtheir own.Both the issuing and financing of portable oxygen on a national level also seems to be inconsistent.The Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970, chapter 44, section 22, stipulates that the Secretary of State should compile an annual report on "progress in research and development work in relation to equipment that might increase the range of activities and independence or well-being of disabled persons, and in particular such equipment that might improve the indoor and outdoor mobility of such persons."In this respect the benefits of portable oxygen in certain patients, as shown by Woodcock et al,' should perhaps be further considered, and be made more readily available throughout the country.
Regulation of bile acid synthesis in humans: Effect of treatment with bile acids, cholestyramine or simvastatin on cholesterol 7α-hydroxylation rates in vivo
Authors: Marco Bertolotti, Nicola Abate, Paola Loria, Michele Dilengite, Francesca Carubbi, Adriano Pinetti, Antonia Dlgrisolo, Nicola Carulli
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The rates of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation (the first and rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis from cholesterol) were evaluated in vivo in patients administered bile acids with different structural properties, cholestyramine or simvastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Twenty-three subjects, with normal hepatic and intestinal functions, were studied in basal conditions and after one of the following treatment schedules, lasting 4 to 6 weeks: cholestyramine, 4 and 12 gm/day (four patients); ursodeoxycholic acid, 9 to 11 mg/kg/day (four patients); chenodeoxycholic acid, 12 to 15 mg/kg/day (five patients); deoxycholic acid, 8 to 10 mg/kg/day (four patients); and simvastatin, 40 mg/day (six patients). 7 alpha-Hydroxylation of cholesterol was assayed by measuring the increase in body water tritium after intravenous bolus of cholesterol tritiated at the 7 alpha position. Plasma bile acid composition, evaluated by gas-liquid chromatography, revealed a substantial enrichment of the recirculating pool by the administered bile acid, whereas treatment with cholestyramine decreased the content of dihydroxylated bile acids. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylation increased in a dose-related manner after cholestyramine, in parallel with a decrease of cholesterol in total plasma and low-density lipoproteins (1.006 to 1.063 gm/ml). Hydroxylation rates decreased by an average of 47% with chenodeoxycholic acid and by an average of 78% with deoxycholic acid; ursodeoxycholic acid treatment did not affect 7 alpha-hydroxylation significantly. Simvastatin markedly reduced plasma total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol but exerted no change on 7 alpha-hydroxylation rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlation of Serum Concentrations with Heart Concentrations of Digoxin in Human Subjects
Authors: H. -G. GÜLLNER, E. B. STINSON, D. C. HARRISON, S. M. KALMAN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Biopsies of cardiac tissue were taken from patients undergoing surgery for coronary artery or valvular disease. All subjects were on maintenance doses of digoxin, which were stopped 48 hours before surgery. The ratios, heart:serum, for digoxin content were remarkably similar and the variance was small.