tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Care and the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Patricia Howlin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

There are now so many books on autism and related disorders that it is hard to know which to purchase and which to leave on the bookshop shelf. Alison Morton-Cooper, however, has identified a real gap in the market. Her book addresses specifically the healthcare of people with autism and is written with hospital doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals in mind. Her own background is in nursing, health education and healthcare journalism, and she is also the mother of a son with autism.

Among the important issues dealt with in Health Care and the Autism Spectrum are the ways in which the physical environment, whether GP surgery or operating theatre, can be modified for an individual with autism, how he or she can be prepared for hospital admission or an operation, and how to reduce stress so that maximum benefit is gained from the physical healthcare provided. The book offers practical guidelines for nurses, doctors and others on communication with these individuals, with special emphasis on the need for clear concise language. As she points out, the instruction 'Give me your arm' can lead to untold distress. Many of the suggestions for minimizing stress and enhancing cooperation are simple and easy to implement—for example, make appointments at quiet times of day and keep to the times set (extremely important); consider the use of single rooms in hospitals; and ensure that young patients have their special objects close to them when waking up from an anaesthetic. Other issues covered in this brief but important work are consent to treatment, the management of preoperative and postoperative procedures, pain control, medical support for individuals with chronic conditions, and adherence to the rules of hygiene. The author recognizes the difficulty some nurses encounter when dealing with patients with autism, who do not chat or attempt to socialize in the way that 'normal' patients do. A key piece of advice is to listen to parents and pay heed to what they say about the individual's particular needs, sensitivities, and likes and dislikes. The more able or older individuals should be given as much information as possible at each stage of the treatment process.

This short easy-to-read book offers solutions that are easily put into practice without excessive input in time. With such strategies, the medical care of individuals with autism spectrum disorders can be made far less traumatic for all concerned—patient, family, and health professionals.
Peyote (Mescaline) and Human Chromosomes
Authors: Arthur D. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Given the controversy of the late 1960s and early 1970s over the possible induction of chromosomal damage by psycho-active agents like LSD and marihuana, the peyote study of Teplitz et al (p 299), is reassuring. It is, first of all, comforting to know that in vivo studies of agents that are possible chromosomal mutagens can produce, when properly designed and executed, clear-cut results. Second, it is nice to know that these results can sometimes be negative. The authors have not demonstrated any increase in chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral-blood lymphocytes of the Huichol Indians of northern Mexico, lifelong users of the hallucinogen peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus. (We may now only hope that there will be no mad rush, among our younger generation in particular, to experiment more heavily with peyote or with the chemically purer mescaline by dint of this apparent absence of chromosomal effects.) One of the major questions
Massachusetts Health Care Reform — Near-Universal Coverage at What Cost?
Authors: Joel S. Weissman, JudyAnn Bigby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Massachusetts has long been known for its academic medical centers, biomedical research, high-quality health care, and perhaps not unrelatedly, high health care costs. In 2006, the state captured national attention when it passed a landmark health care reform bill, under which it has achieved near-universal coverage of state residents. Some observers, however, have questioned whether this reform has been too costly.The Massachusetts reform law expanded Medicaid coverage; created state-subsidized insurance, called Commonwealth Care, for low-income persons who are not eligible for Medicaid; merged the individual and small-group insurance markets; instituted an employer “fair share assessment” and an individual mandate; . . .
Biomarkers in the detection of human heritable and germinal mutagenesis.
Authors: M L Mendelsohn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

An important potential use of biomarkers in human toxicology is the detection of induced mutational events in offspring and germ cells of exposed individuals. The importance, of course, is in risk estimation and the identification and prevention of exposure conditions that are harmful to the human genome. The challenge is to discover methods of sufficient power to find the rare, random, mutational events and to discriminate such events from other sources of molecular variation. Finding mutations is essentially a search for disorder. Normal biomarkers are inherently unsuitable in a positive search for disorder; instead one must either use abnormal markers or be prepared to search negatively, i.e., to look for and somehow validate the rare absence of a normal marker. In spite of these difficulties, there is progress to report and hope of future success in this field.
Atlas of Dermatology
Authors: D.K.B. Armstrong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Atlas of Dermatology Get access D.K.B. Armstrong D.K.B. Armstrong Royal Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Page 498, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07324.x Published: 01 August 2006
Transactions Pan-American Medical Congress.
Authors: J. Walter Park
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Harrisburg, Pa., April 5, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you kindly inform me through theJournal, whether members of the Pan-American Medical Congress who paid their $10 fees are entitled to the Transactions of the meeting? If so, are they published yet, or if not, when and where can we obtain them? I have written to Dr. Reed, the Secretary, twice, but can not get an answer from him. If I am entitled to a copy, and they are published, I would like very much to have my copy. Yours truly, <h3>Answer:</h3> Write to Professor Wm. Pepper, Philadelphia.
A Degenerate HLA-DR Epitope Pool of HER-2/neu Reveals a Novel<i>In vivo</i>Immunodominant Epitope, HER-2/neu88-102
Authors: Lavakumar Karyampudi, Courtney Formicola, Courtney L. Erskine, Matthew J. Maurer, James N. Ingle, Christopher J. Krco, Peter J. Wettstein, Kimberly R. Kalli, John D. Fikes, Melanie Beebe, Lynn C. Hartmann, Mary L. Disis, Soldano Ferrone, Glenn Ishioka, Keith L. Knutson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Over the past two decades, there has been significant interest in targeting HER-2/neu in immune-based approaches for the treatment of HER-2/neu+ cancers. For example, peptide vaccination using a CD8 T cell–activating HER-2/neu epitope (amino acids 369-377) is an approach that is being considered in advanced phase clinical trials. Studies have suggested that the persistence of HER-2/neu–specific CD8 T cells could be improved by incorporating human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II epitopes in the vaccine. Our goal in this study was to identify broad coverage HLA-DR epitopes of HER-2/neu, an antigen that is highly expressed in a variety of carcinomas. Experimental Design: A combination of algorithms and HLA-DR–binding assays was used to identify HLA-DR epitopes of HER-2/neu antigen. Evidence of preexistent immunity in cancer patients against the identified epitopes was determined using IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELIspot) assay. Results: Eighty-four HLA-DR epitopes of HER-2/neu were predicted, 15 of which had high binding affinity for ≥11 common HLA-DR molecules. A degenerate pool of four HLA-DR–restricted 15-amino acid epitopes (p59, p88, p422, and p885) was identified, against which &amp;gt;58% of breast and ovarian cancer patients had preexistent T-cell immunity. All four epitopes are naturally processed by antigen-presenting cells. Hardy-Weinberg analysis showed that the pool is useful in ∼84% of population. Lastly, in this degenerate pool, we identified a novel in vivo immunodominant HLA-DR epitope, HER-2/neu88-102 (p88). Conclusion: The broad coverage and natural immunity to this epitope pool suggests potential usefulness in HER-2/neu–targeting, immune-based therapies such as vaccines. Clin Cancer Res; 16(3); 825–34
Aortic and Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Three Racial Groups in Cape Town
Authors: M. I. SACKS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

An autopsy survey of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in patients dying in a general hospital in Cape Town has shown marked differences between the whites and the Bantu. These differences were clearly demonstrated by a direct comparison of Bantu and White men between the ages of 40 and 59. They probably also existed among older subjects and women although relatively few Bantu over the age of 60, and fewer women than men were unfortunately available for study. Severe aortic and coronary atherosclerosis did on occasions occur in the Bantu but were much less common than in the whites. Severe luminal narrowing of the coronary arteries was particularly rare in the Bantu, and this is in keeping with the rarity with which they develop myocardial infarction. The aorta and coronary arteries of the Bantu often showed complete freedom from atherosclerosis in age groups in which it was rare to find such freedom in the whites. The differences between the whites and Cape Coloured were much less pronounced than those between the whites and Bantu, were rather more apparent in men than women, and tended to disappear in the presence of aggravating factors such as hypertension. Even in groups in which severe coronary atherosclerosis was as commonly encountered in the Cape Coloured as in the whites, the Cape Coloured appeared to show a lower frequency of severe luminal narrowing. Attention has been drawn to the possibility that the differences between the total white and Cape Coloured populatios of Cape Town are greater than those revealed by this study, as only the lesser economically privileged of the whites were eligible for admission to the hospital that provided the material for the study.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease — 20 Years Is Long Enough
Authors: Martha D. Yow, Gail J. Demmler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Despite numerous reports in the medical literature, physicians do not seem to recognize the enormousness of the problems caused by congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. In 1971, Weller published a landmark article in the Journal that outlined the scope of the problem in the United States and stressed its importance to the public health.1 In the ensuing 20 years an estimated 800,000 infants in the United States have been infected with CMV in utero. More than 50,000 of these infants were born with symptomatic disease. Many have died, and almost all the survivors are severely handicapped by mental retardation, blindness, and . . .
Thyroid Failure in the Elderly
Authors: Wolfram E. Nolten
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In the study entitled Thyroid Failure in the Elderly: Microsomal Antibodies as Discriminant for Therapy, Rosenthal et al 1 established criteria for initiating prophylactic thyroxine treatment for individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism. Individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism have thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) level elevation and normal serum thyroxine values. The criteria for prophylactic therapy were based on a four-year follow-up study of 26 such individuals from a healthy elderly population. Forty-six percent of these subjects subsequently developed hypothyroxinemia. At the beginning of the study, this subgroup whose thyroid status deteriorated had TSH levels of 20 mU/L (20 μU/mL) or greater and/or antimicrosomal antibody titers of 1:6400 or greater.  Study.—  We have screened thyroid function in our elderly residents at the Wisconsin Veterans Home, a skilled nursing facility. The home has a predominantly male population. Laboratory studies included determinations of the free thyroxine index and the serum TSH level (upper
Fasting Glucose Is an Important Independent Risk Factor for 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mahmoud Suleiman, Haim Hammerman, Monther Boulos, Michael R. Kapeliovich, Abeer Suleiman, Yoram Agmon, Walter Markiewicz, Doron Aronson
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Stress hyperglycemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction has been associated with increased mortality. Most studies looked at the relationship between admission glucose (AG) and outcome; limited information is available about the clinical significance of fasting glucose (FG).We prospectively studied the relationship between FG and 30-day mortality in 735 nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. FG (> or =8-hour fast within 24 hours of admission) and AG were measured in each patient. At 30 days, 9 deaths (2%) occurred in patients with normal FG, and 11 (10%), 14 (13%), and 31 (29%) deaths occurred in the first, second, and third tertiles of elevated FG, respectively. Compared with normal FG (<110 mg/dL), the adjusted OR for 30-day mortality progressively increased with higher tertiles of elevated FG (first tertile, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 12.7; P=0.003; second tertile, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.5 to 16.6; P<0.0001; third tertile, 11.5; 95% CI, 4.7 to 20.0; P<0.0001). Compared with patients categorized as having normal AG (<140 mg/d), the adjusted ORs for tertiles of elevated AG were as follows: first tertile, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.8; P=0.54); second tertile, 3.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 7.0; P=0.01); and third tertile, 4.4 (95% CI, 2.0 to 9.7; P<0.0001). Compared with patients with normal FG and AG, the adjusted ORs for 30-day mortality were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.15 to 3.4; P=0.67) in patients with elevated AG and normal FG, 3.4 (95% CI, 1.1 to 10.4; P=0.03) for patients with normal AG glucose and elevated FG, and 9.6 (95% CI, 3.5 to 26.0; P<0.0001) for patients with both elevated FG and AG. Comparing nested models showed that including AG failed to improve the prediction of the model based on FG (chi2=5.4, 3 df, P=0.15). In contrast, the addition of FG classes to the model based on AG improved model prediction (chi2=22.4, 3 df, P<0.0001).There is a graded relation between elevated FG and AG and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. FG is superior to AG in the assessment of short-term risk.
Reduced Pulmonary Clearance of Endothelin-1 Contributes to the Increase of Circulating Levels in Heart Failure Secondary to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jocelyn Dupuis, Jean-L. Rouleau, Peter Cernacek
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The pulmonary vascular bed is a major site for endothelin-1 (ET-1) clearance. A reduced clearance could contribute to the increase in circulating ET-1 levels found in heart failure (HF). We therefore evaluated the effect of HF on pulmonary ET-1 clearance and on plasma ET-1 concentrations.Rats with myocardial infarction (n=24) were compared with sham-operated rats (n=22). The lungs were isolated and perfused at a constant flow rate of 10 mL/min. Pulmonary ET-1 clearance was measured by the single-bolus indicator-dilution technique with 125I-labeled ET-1. Infarct rats developed HF with mild pulmonary hypertension. ET-1 extraction was reduced by HF from 63+/-1.5% to 41+/-4.5% (mean+/-SEM, P<0.001). Mixed venous (MV) and aortic ET-1 levels doubled with HF. There was a plasma ET-1 gradient across the lungs of sham rats (MV-aortic levels, 0.21+/-0.12 pg/mL) but not in lungs of HF rats (0.01+/-0.17 pg/mL). Plasma ET-1 levels correlated closely and inversely with ET-1 extraction (P<0.001).HF is associated with reduced pulmonary ET-1 clearance that contributes to the increase in circulating levels.
Pharmacokinetic factors influencing risk assessment: saturation of biochemical processes and cofactor depletion.
Authors: D D Sumner, J T Stevens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Models generally consider risk to be a function of the hazard (toxicity) and exposure (dose). That function is best described by the dose response of the toxic effect. For any risk assessment system to be effective, it should consider that dose-response relationship. Saturation phenomena often produce nonlinear dose curves, and any risk assessment system should be able to address such effects. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics offer an approach to deal with these nonlinear responses. Some historic risk models and common saturable processes are discussed. The impact of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on risk evaluation and the kinetics of some saturable processes are considered. Specific examples have been selected to demonstrate the importance of saturation of processes in assessing the hazard of chemicals.
Devices and desires
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In the wake of concern over breast implants and metal-on-metal hip replacements comes a warning about a new minimally invasive approach to aortic valve replacement. In this week’s BMJ Hans Van Brabandt and colleagues argue that transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) “cannot be justified on medical or cost effectiveness grounds” (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4710). Since TAVI was introduced 10 years ago, there have been around 40 000 procedures worldwide. “But,” say the authors, “serious unanswered questions remain over the clinical effectiveness of TAVI, as well as the regulatory process that enabled it to gain such a large market so rapidly, particularly in Europe.”

So what are the risks? The authors cite evidence that …
The Changing Face of Asthma
Authors: Thomas F. Plaut
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In their article "Changing Patterns of Asthma Hospitalization Among Children: 1979 to 1987," Gergen and Weiss<sup>1</sup>state that simply reclassifying bronchitis to asthma cannot fully explain the increase in asthma hospitalizations. From 1979 to 1987, hospitalization for pneumonia (<i>International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, Clinical Modification</i>codes 480 through 486) dropped by 51 000, while asthma (<i>International Classification of Diseases, Version 9, Clinical Modification</i>code 493) hospitalizations increased by 50 000.<sup>2</sup>The trend started in 1980 and continues. Thus, a diagnostic shift from pneumonia to asthma could account for the entire increase in asthma hospitalization during this period. In 1988, pneumonia hospitalizations decreased by 19 000 and asthma hospitalizations increased by 15 000 (Jean Kozak, RN, MA, National Center for Health Statistics, written communication, April 12, 1990). I believe that diagnostic transfer from pneumonia plays a major but little-noticed role in changes in hospitalization rates.
Antero-Posterior Compression Forceps for Application at the Brim of Flat Pelves
Authors: S. Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1889)

albumen is often less than one-fifth the volume] of urine ex- amined, and the characteristic large hyaline and granular casts may be absent for days, and even for many weeks, consecutively.Cases iii and iv, before recorded, afford illustration of this statement.The main purpose of this communication has been, not to refute the ludicrous suggestion that I had failed to recognise a class of cases which for many years past I have been diligently observing and recording, but rather to reiterate and emphasise certain facts and principles regarding the clinical history of albuminuria which even now are less generally recognised and acted upon than their great practical importance demands.
Reply to Jin-Qiu Yuan, Zu-Yao Yang, and Chen Mao's Letter to the Editor re: Mauro Gacci, Giovanni Corona, Matteo Salvi, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors Alone or in Combination with α-Blockers for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2012;61:994–1003
Authors: Mauro Gacci, Giovanni Corona, Matteo Monami, Sergio Serni, Vincenzo Mirone, Marco Carini, Mario Maggi
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Preterm delivery in primiparous women at low risk: Preterm birth or delivery? Study authors suggest new terms
Authors: Ida Vogel, Ulrik Kesmodel, Steen Rasmussen, Jens Langhoff-Roos, Bo Jacobsson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The term preterm birth is used differently in the literature: some use preterm birth to refer to the number of infants born before 37 completed weeks,1 2 and others use the term to specify the number of pregnancies ending before 37 completed weeks.3 Still others have restricted their analyses to singleton pregnancies to avoid this difference.4 The use of the alternative term preterm delivery varies in a similar fashion. …
Control of molecular polymorphisms by a structured carbohydrate / ceramic delivery vehicle — aquasomes
Authors: N. Kossovsky, A. Gelman, S. Rajguru, R. Nguyen, E. Sponsler, H.J. Hnatyszyn, K. Chow, A. Chung, M. Torres, J. Zemanovich, J. Crowder, P. Bamajian, K. Ly, J. Philipose, D. Ammons, S. Anderson, C. Goodwin, P. Soliemanzadeh, G. Yao, K Wei
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1996)
Conflict in Bosnia 1992-3
Authors: S. D. Acheson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After retiring as chief medical officer for England in late 1991, Sir Donald Acheson—who describes himself as “intellectually exhausted” at the time—might have been forgiven for looking forward to a relaxing retirement. Instead the WHO Regional Director for Europe, Jo Asvall, persuaded him to go to former Yugoslavia as his special representative. His mission was to evaluate what public health issues were developing in Bosnia, a country newly wracked by war. 

Sir Donald set up an office in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, in July 1992. At the time Zagreb was thought to be much safer than Sarajevo in Bosnia. After the invasion of Croatia by Serbia the year before (which had ended with the Vance-Owen Agreement), Bosnia had become the next scene of unrest. When Sir Donald arrived, Sarajevo, with a mixed population of some 350 000 Serbs, Croats, and Muslims living in relative harmony for hundreds of years, had been under siege for three months. 

Although Sir Donald was horrified by much of what he saw in Bosnia, he was not afraid. Coming as he does from Belfast, he understands the concept of ethnic division, where people who look the same as each other break into warring factions. 

On my way to Zagreb as Special Representative of the WHO Regional Director for three months. Am currently in a flight from Copenhagen to Geneva for briefing in both places. The other agencies are UNHCR and Unicef and the International Red Cross. My instructions are to meet the other UN officials and all the health ministers of the new states. But of course the big question is what comes next and whether this is window dressing.

The key issues (or a few of them) are:

1.  current state of health: (i) in camps; (ii) in UN protected areas; (iii) in besieged …