tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination Chemoprevention for Colon Cancer Targeting Polyamine Synthesis and Inflammation
Authors: Eugene W. Gerner, Frank L. Meyskens
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Increased polyamine synthesis and inflammation have long been associated with colon carcinogenesis in both preclinical models and in humans. Recent experimental studies suggest that polyamines may be mechanistically involved in colonic inflammatory processes. Genetic epidemiology results indicate that a single nucleotide polymorphism influencing the expression of a polyamine biosynthetic gene is associated with both risk of colon polyp occurrence and recurrence, and the response to aspirin as a polyp preventive agent. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of combination difluoromethylornithine, a selective inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, found that the 3-year treatment was associated with a 70% reduction of recurrence of all adenomas, and over a 90% reduction of recurrence of advanced and/or multiple adenomas, without evidence of serious toxicities. This proof-of-principle trial indicates that targeting polyamine synthesis and inflammation can be an effective strategy for preventing the occurrence of the advanced and/or multiple adenomas that are most closely associated with the development of colon cancers in humans.
Immediate Medical Consequences of Nuclear Accidents
Authors: Robert Peter Gale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The immediate medical response to the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station involved containment of the radioactivity and evacuation of the nearby population. The next step consisted of assessment of the radiation dose received by individuals, based on biological dosimetry, and treatment of those exposed. Medical care involved treatment of skin burns; measures to support bone marrow failure, gastrointestinal tract injury, and other organ damage (ie, infection prophylaxis and transfusions) for those with lower radiation dose exposure; and bone marrow transplantation for those exposed to a high dose of radiation. At Chernobyl, two victims died immediately and 29 died of radiation or thermal injuries in the next three months. The remaining victims of the accident are currently well. A nuclear accident anywhere is a nuclear accident everywhere. Prevention and cooperation in response to these accidents are essential goals.
EU is urged to reduce injuries to children
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Small changes in the design of everyday items such as cigarette lighters, cars, and baby walkers could prevent hundreds of young children being killed in the European Union every year, the European Child Safety Alliance says.

The alliance used a public hearing in Brussels on 9 November to emphasise to European politicians and decision makers that mishaps such as fires, drowning, and choking—and not illnesses—are the main killer of children under 14 years old.

Joanne Vincenten, the alliance's director, told participants: “Injuries kill twice as many children as cancer and eight times as …
Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen Rather Than Residual Platelet Reactivity After Clopidogrel Pre-Treatment Is Associated With an Increased Ischemic Risk During Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lawrence Ang, Khalid Bin Thani, Manjusha Ilapakurti, Michael S. Lee, Vachaspathi Palakodeti, Ehtisham Mahmud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIC CONTRACTURES OF THE KNEE
Authors: JOHN G. KUHNS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 July 1943TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIC CONTRACTURES OF THE KNEE(Abstract)JOHN G. KUHNS, M.D.JOHN G. KUHNS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-19-1-131 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDeformities at the knee are among the most disabling of deformities in chronic arthritis. Five hundred and eighty-six contractures at the knee (313 patients) were found in 1453 patients suffering from chronic arthritis on the Wards of the Robert B. Brigham Hospital. A contracture is defined as a relatively fixed shortening of a group of muscles and their ligaments. After it has been present several years it often leads to irreversible changes in the muscles. Flexion contractures of less than 10° were not included in this study since, as far as could be observed, little disturbance in function resulted from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN G. KUHNS, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatoid Arthritis: Review 1 July 1943Volume 19, Issue 1Page: 131-135KeywordsArthritisKneesLigamentsMuscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
P216 Lung cancer in young patients: a retrospective study
Authors: R. Sarkar, G. Jones, T. Peacock, A. de Ramon Casado
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Over-representation of women, more advanced disease staging at presentation, better performance status and similar survival figures have been noticed in younger (&lt;50 years) lung cancer patients as compared to the general patient population with the disease. <h3>Objective</h3> A retrospective study (December 2009) was done to derive clinicopathological data from young lung cancer patients treated in our hospital in the last 5 years. We also compared our findings with National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA), 2007 in the UK. The NLCA data were considered as a reflector of the patients from all age groups. <h3>Findings</h3> 28 patients were identified for the study. Median age was 48 years (37–50). 15(54%) were female. 75% had WHO performance status (PS)1 in patients with documented PS. 43% had family history of lung cancer. 89% were current smoker. Histology was achieved in 89%. 68% had non small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) including 39% adeno carcinoma, 24% had small cell carcinoma; 2 had carcinoid. 55% of histology proven NSCLC had stage 4 disease at presentation. 86% had some form of treatment (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy). 5(18%) had resection. Survival related data are presented here: Comparison between our findings and the NLCA data are presented below [Abstract P216 Table 1]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Majority of these patients presented with advanced stage disease as in previously reported larger cohorts. Women were a majority but they had a better survival than men. 43% had positive family history suggesting a possible genetic factor. A good proportion in this patient group had favourable performance status resulting in higher resection rate and receiving of active treatment compared to overall patient population. However, this did not lead to better survival.
Cushing’s Syndrome in a Child with Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Authors: György Illyés, Andrea Luczay, Gábor Benyó, Attila Kálmán, Katalin Borka, Katalin Köves, Károly Rácz, Tivadar Tulassay, Zsuzsa Schaff
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2007)
Cardioversion 125 times without necrosis
Authors: R H Falk
Journal: BMJ (1981)

British National Formulary 1981 on p 150- not p 159 as misprinted in Dr Finch's letter) is that prophylaxis with sulphonamides is indicated only for known sulphonamidesensitive strains.This is emphasised in the article by Jones and Abbott2 (the actual drug to be used for chemoprophylaxis is not mentioned in the paper by De Wal et a13 quoted by Dr Finch and Mr Gilbey).Jones and Abbott note the high prevalence of sulphonamide resistance in group A strains and the 20-25 ( ' , resistance found in other sero-
Prevalence and characteristics of diabetic patients with no ongoing care in South Auckland.
Authors: D Simmons, C Fleming
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of default from diabetes care and to reveal associated characteristics among patients with known diabetes in urban South Auckland, New Zealand. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed a cross-sectional household study of patients with known diabetes and compared those patients with and without ongoing care. Ongoing care was defined as having been clinically reviewed at least once in the previous 10 months. RESULTS: Of the 1,488 European, Maori, and Pacific Islander subjects with known diabetes, 107 (6.3%) had not seen a general practitioner or a diabetes service in the previous 10 months. Subjects not attending a diabetes service were more likely than subjects attending a diabetes service to have been diagnosed when screened asymptomatically (11.7 vs. 5.2%, P = 0.008) and after gestational diabetes (39.7 vs. 11.7%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Maori were most likely to have no ongoing care (10.8 vs. 5.8% European and 6.6% of Pacific Islander subjects, P = 0.01). Nonattenders were younger, were diagnosed at a younger age, knew less about diabetes, were less satisfied with past care, and were less likely to require medication. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated number of diabetic individuals not attending ongoing care is a significant problem in this population, and it may reflect a decisional balance as seen in problem behaviors. Diagnosis when asymptomatic may contribute to default from ongoing care; in this case, caution is required if population-based screening programs are being considered.
BUFFERED VERSUS NONBUFFERED DETECTOR SYSTEMS IN QUANTITATIVE DIURETIC RENOGRAPHY.
Authors: M. O. Afriyie, F. Leveque, P. Osei-Boah, M. B. Tomas, C. J. Palestro
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Tuberculosis in a D.P. Camp in Austria
Authors: A. C. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Poliomyelitis SIR,-In your leading article on poliomyelitis (July 26, p. 135) you do not mention swimming and diving in sewage-polluted rivers as a cause of infection.'When will the people of this country understand that if they will turn sewage into our rivers and then bathe in thern they must expect trouble.Again and again we see cases of infantile paralysis appearing in farms and villages on the banks of polluted rivers.The virus is present in faeces and then passes through sewage into rivers.Young people bathe in sewage-polluted rivers, and we wonder why they get infantile paralysis.-Iam, etc., New Barnet, Hens.
Differentiation of NUT Midline Carcinoma by Epigenomic Reprogramming
Authors: Brian E. Schwartz, Matthias D. Hofer, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Daniel E. Bauer, Michael J. Cameron, Nathan H. West, Elin S. Agoston, Nicolas Reynoird, Saadi Khochbin, Tan A. Ince, Amanda Christie, Katherine A. Janeway, Sara O. Vargas, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, Jon C. Aster, Stephen E. Sallan, Andrew L. Kung, James E. Bradner, Christopher A. French
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a lethal pediatric tumor defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion proteins that arrest differentiation. Here we explore the mechanisms underlying the ability of BRD4-NUT to prevent squamous differentiation. In both gain-of and loss-of-expression assays, we find that expression of BRD4-NUT is associated with globally decreased histone acetylation and transcriptional repression. Bulk chromatin acetylation can be restored by treatment of NMC cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), engaging a program of squamous differentiation and arrested growth in vitro that closely mimics the effects of siRNA-mediated attenuation of BRD4-NUT expression. The potential therapeutic utility of HDACi differentiation therapy was established in three different NMC xenograft models, where it produced significant growth inhibition and a survival benefit. Based on these results and translational studies performed with patient-derived primary tumor cells, a child with NMC was treated with the FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat. An objective response was obtained after five weeks of therapy, as determined by positron emission tomography. These findings provide preclinical support for trials of HDACi in patients with NMC.
Septic arthritis due to Bacteroides fragilis
Authors: D. Schorn, J. A. Pretorius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Septic arthritis due to Bacteroides fragilis SIR, We read with interest the report of Hart et al. ' of a case ofBacteroides fragilis septic arthritis of the wrist in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).They made the claim that this was probably the first case report of wrist joint involve- ment due to this organism.By coincidence we reported a similar case of septic polyarthritis due to Bacteroides fragilis in a patient with RA earlier in 1982.'This patient had bacteroides sepsis in 9 joints including both wrists, and also responded well to metronidazole treatment.A joint infection in a patient with RA should not only be considered when one joint suddenly flares up, but should also be borne in mind with a generalised flare-up, and anaerobic cultures should be done after joint aspirations as a routine investigation.
Registration of Foreign Physicians
Authors: A. J. Hoenes
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor: </h3> The comments on my letter inThe Journal, August 6, are interesting. The correspondent of August 20 realizes the importance of legal regulation of registration of foreigners. The one who wrote August 27 is a Canadian and probably has some friends and countrymen who wish to register in the United States before long. He does injustice to the American physician. It is true that a great many old practitioners received complimentary recognition when state laws were first enacted. They could not well have been turned down, but to-day our recognized colleges are equal to those of other countries, and in some instances superior, as was shown by Dr. Honeij inThe Journal, September 3, and our state examinations are so thorough that only well qualified men can pass. This, however, is not the fundamental question. We want recognition in other countries, which we will never have so
Recall and Eye Tracking Study of Adolescents Viewing Tobacco Advertisements
Authors: Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The warning on tobacco advertisements was required by the federal government, presumably as a health message to educate the public about the risks associated with tobacco use. Despite its potential public health role, there have been few published studies on the effectiveness of these warnings as a health message. The present study used well-accepted market research methods to examine adolescent viewing of tobacco advertisements. Sixty-one adolescents participated in the study. Eye tracking was used to study how participants viewed five different tobacco advertisements. The average viewing time of the warning amounted to only 8% of the total advertisement viewing time. In 43.6% of cases, the warning was not viewed at all. Following the advertisement viewing, participants were asked to identify the observed warnings within a list that included other simulated warnings. Subjects did only slightly better than random guessing in this test of recognition. Using market research criteria, the federally mandated warning must be viewed as an ineffective public health message in so far as adolescents are concerned.
EFFECTS OF ATORVASTATIN TREATMENT ON ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS AND VASCULAR FUNCTION IN ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marina Zaromitidou, Christine Chrysohoou, Konstantinos Maniatis, Stavroula Michalea, Konstantinos Zisimos, Stamatios Kioufis, Antigoni Miliou, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
1235 PSI-352938, A NOVEL PURINE NUCLEOTIDE ANALOG, EXHIBITS POTENT ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND NO EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1 OVER 7 DAYS
Authors: M. Rodriguez-Torres, E. Lawitz, J. Denning, M. Cornpropst, E. Albanis, W. Symonds, M.M. Berrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in urine specimens: current exposure in an urban population in Germany.
Authors: U Heudorf, J Angerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Pyrethroids are important insecticides used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in the home. In humans, they are rapidly metabolized and renally eliminated. In numerous studies, pyrethroid metabolites have been detected in urine after occupational exposure to insecticides. In this study, we used a new, reliable, easy, and sensitive analytical method to assess the internal pyrethroid exposure of an urban population without exposure to pyrethoids at home or at work (children and adults). A total of 1,177 persons took part in this investigation, including 331 children under 6 years of age and 247 children between 6 and 12 years of age. None of them reported exposure to pyrethroids at home or at work. Accordingly, the levels of permethrin found in household dust from their homes were lower than expected (median < limit of detection; 95th percentile, 4.8 mg/kg; maximum value, 19 mg/kg). Urine specimens were analyzed for cis-3-(2,2-dibromo-vinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylic acid (Br(2)CA), cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (cis-Cl(2)CA and trans-Cl(2)CA), and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (F-PBA) using a gas chromatographic method with mass-selective detection. The limit of detection for pyrethroid metabolites was between 0.1 and 0.2 microg/L. trans-Cl(2)CA was detected in 65% of the urine specimens tested, cis-Cl(2)CA was detected in 30%, and Br(2)CA and F-PBA were found in 19% and 16%, respectively, of the urine specimens. The urinary metabolite levels in children did not differ from those in adults, and there was no correlation between the levels of metabolites and indoor exposure to permethrin in household dust. Moreover, no seasonal correlations could be found. The 95th percentile levels in urine specimens were as follows: Br(2)CA, 0.30 microg/L; cis-Cl(2)CA, 0.51 microg/L; trans-Cl(2)CA, 1.43 microg/L; F-PBA, 0.27 microg/L. Background exposure to pyrethroids was found in the general population; it seems to be caused by the uptake of pyrethroids with the diet. This hypothesis needs to be tested in duplicate diet studies combined with biomonitoring. As long as representative data are lacking, however, the rounded 95th percentile values obtained in our study may be used as reference values for pyrethroid metabolites in urine samples from the population in Germany; 95th percentile values for children and adults are as follows: Br(2)CA, 0.3 microg/L; cis-Cl(2)CA, 0.5 microg/L; trans-Cl(2)CA, 1.5 microg/L; and F-PBA, 0.3 microg/L.
Assessing the Trustworthiness of the Guideline for Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Paul A. James, MD; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Barry L. Carter, PharmD; William C. Cushman, MD; Cheryl Dennison-Himmelfarb, RN, ANP, PhD; Joel Handler, MD; Daniel T. Lackland, DrPH; Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPH; Thomas D. MacKenzie, MD, MSPH; Olugbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH, MS; Sidney C. Smith Jr, MD; Laura P. Svetkey, MD, MHS; Sandra J. Taler, MD; Raymond R. Townsend, MD; Jackson T. Wright Jr, MD, PhD; Andrew S. Narva, MD; Eduardo Ortiz, MD, MPH
Rearrangements of the RAF kinase pathway in prostate cancer, gastric cancer and melanoma
Authors: Nallasivam Palanisamy, Bushra Ateeq, Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram, Dorothee Pflueger, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, Sunita Shankar, Bo Han, Qi Cao, Xuhong Cao, Khalid Suleman, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Saravana M Dhanasekaran, Ying-bei Chen, Raquel Esgueva, Samprit Banerjee, Christopher J LaFargue, Javed Siddiqui, Francesca Demichelis, Peter Moeller, Tarek A Bismar, Rainer Kuefer, Douglas R Fullen, Timothy M Johnson, Joel K Greenson, Thomas J Giordano, Patrick Tan, Scott A Tomlins, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Mark A Rubin, Christopher A Maher, Arul M Chinnaiyan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Point: Recent Long-Term Clinical Studies Support an Enhanced Role for Thiazolidinediones in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Steven E. Kahn, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The treatment options for type 2 diabetes were for many years limited to sulfonylureas, metformin, and insulin. However, in the last decade or so, a number of new oral and injectable agents have been introduced including the thiazolidinediones, incretin-related compounds, and “designer” insulins. Despite these additions to practitioners' armamentarium, attainment of optimal glucose control has remained largely elusive, in large part because type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease and health care professionals have failed to initiate combination therapy, including insulin, in a timely fashion. With near-normoglycemia treatment targets, the approach to glycemic management currently being advocated by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) includes earlier commencement of treatment and more aggressive use of combination therapy (1,2). With few exceptions, most of these therapeutic recommendations are based on relatively short-term studies and expert opinion, as there are few long-term, head-to-head comparisons that provide definitive evidence.

The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) helped fashion the current approach to diabetes management. This long-term study reported in 1998 and demonstrated that improved glucose control is associated with a reduced risk of microvascular complications (3,4). Further, it suggested that none of the therapies used in the study—sulfonylureas, metformin, and insulin—were able to slow the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes. Thus, over the course of more than 10 years, glycemic control deteriorated in all treatment arms at a rate that paralleled that in the cohort that received the conventional lifestyle intervention. At the time this landmark study was undertaken, the recommendations for glucose control differed markedly from those of today, so that “rescue” therapy for participants randomized to the conventional treatment arm was only instituted at a fasting plasma glucose level of 15 mmol/l (270 mg/dl). …