tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin E diseases: Hematological, analytical, and biosynthetic studies in homozygotes and double heterozygotes for α-thalassemia
Authors: S. C. Wong, M. A. M. Ali
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Two families with Hb E diseases are described. In the Laotian family S, three homozygous Hb E were found. In the Vietnamese family H, double heterozygous Hb E‐α‐thalassemia‐2 and Hb E‐Hb H diseases were found. Anemia or hemolysis was absent in Hb E carriers, unless complicated by iron deficiency, the presence of severe α‐thalassemia gene (Hb H disease), or oxidative drug (paraaminosalicylic acid). Moreover, iron deficiency or concurrent α‐thalassemia genes resulted in a decreased amount of Hb E in its heterozygous carriers. Mild microcytosis and hypochromia were observed in Hb E heterozygotes, whereas the microcytosis and hypochromia were more pronounced in Hb E homozygotes. Globin chain synthesis studies yielded unbalanced α/non‐α ratios in both heterozygotes and homozygotes (average ratios were 1.13 and 1.56, respectively). The unbalanced biosynthetic ratios with microcytosis and hypochromia in Hb E carriers represented a β‐thalassemia phenotype, which could be a result of reduced synthesis of β E ‐globin mRNA, as suggested by recent hybridization studies.
Theory of Adaptive Antibody Formation and "Crib Death"
Authors: ALEXANDER S. WIENER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 August 1974Theory of Adaptive Antibody Formation and "Crib Death"ALEXANDER S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.ALEXANDER S. WIENER, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-2-266_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: This letter presents a new theory of adaptive antibody formation and a hypothesis to account for "crib deaths" in infants 2 to 5 months of age.It is postulated that suitably processed antigen acts as a template for antibody formation but that instead of the antibody molecules being built up from individual amino acids, these molecules are formed from genetically determined polypeptide chains (that make up the constant or C portion of the antibody molecule), which are joined together by protein synthetases at appropriate angles with selected amino acids or oligopeptides that make up the variable or... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Forensic Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York, New York 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLetters to the Editor 1 August 1974Volume 81, Issue 2Page: 266-266KeywordsAmino acidsAntibody responseAntigensInfantsLigasesPolypeptidesProteins Issue Published: 1 August 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
P92Regulatory and functional analyses of Neuraminidase-1 in inflammatory processes after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: I Gorst, M Ricke-Hoch, S Erschow, M Scherr, D Hilfiker-Kleiner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Implementation of PTA as standard treatment for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) reduced the mortality in the early phase. However, morbidity due to adverse cardiac remodelling has increased. In MI-patients, serum concentrations of free sialic acids are significantly elevated. Those are released from glycoconjugates by neuraminidases (Neu). Neu play important roles in various biological processes, i.e. inflammation, differentiation and metabolism. Here, we investigate the role and regulation of Neu1 in monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mϕ) after cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods & results: Wild type mice undergoing cardiac I/R operation (50 min occlusion of the LAD followed by reperfusion) showed a significant up-regulation of Neu1 mRNA and protein expression in the ischemic area 3 d after I/R compared to sham operated mice (191±40%, p<0.001), whereas there was no difference between the two groups 14 d after I/R. Neu1 enzyme activity was also significantly increased on day 3 (403±90 mU/mg protein vs. 280±70 mU/mg protein, p<0.01). In the ischemic left ventricle, immunhistochemistry revealed a strong Neu1 expression in Mϕ and CD11b+ Mo/Mϕ isolated by MACS from infarcted murine hearts 3 d after I/R showed up-regulated Neu1 mRNA expression compared to CD11b+ Mo from the spleen (+79±55%). In vitro differentiation of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 into Mϕ by PMA increased the expression and activity of Neu1 (333±61 vs. mock, p<0.01). SiRNA-mediated down-regulation of Neu1 in THP-1 Mϕ resulted in a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6: 47±11%, TNF-α: 68±7%, IL-1β: 78±8% vs. ctrl-siRNA, p<0.05), but had no effect on expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The stimulation of THP-1 Mϕ with IL-6 had no effect on Neu1 expression. Furthermore, differentiation of primary human CD14+ Mo into pro-inflammatory M1 Mϕ by GM-CSF was associated with an up-regulation of Neu1 mRNA on day 4 (438±360%), whereas anti-inflammatory M2 (M-CSF) displayed no changes in Neu1 expression compared to CD14+ Mo. A possible regulatory mechanism of Neu1 expression in Mo/Mϕ could be the microRNA-125, as overexpression of miR-125a in primary human M1 resulted in down-regulation of Neu1 protein expression. Conclusion: Neu1 expression increases in the early phase after I/R and is mainly found in invading Mo/Mϕ, so that it seems to participate in the pro-inflammatory reactions via regulating cytokine expression. Therefore Neu1 may display a new therapeutic target after reperfusion of the infarcted heart to attenuate adverse effects of inflammation.
Measurement of haematological indices of chronic rheumatic disease with two newer generation automated systems, the H1 and H6000 (Technicon).
Authors: L Turner-Stokes, D Jones, K G Patterson, A Todd-Pokropek, D A Isenberg, A H Goldstone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Two automated counters, the H1 (Technicon) and the H6000 (Technicon), which count 10,000 cells per sample, were compared and used to examine the clinical relevance of the additional haematological information now provided to the rheumatologist in three groups of patients--38 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 41 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and 35 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The two machines agreed in their estimations of the main indices (haemoglobin, red blood cell count, and white blood cell count), but estimations of platelet count and volume were significantly lower on the H6000 machine, as were mean cell haemoglobin and monocyte count, whereas packed cell volume and red cell distribution width were higher. As expected, both machines identified pancytopenia among the group with SLE, while low haemoglobin and high platelet count were found particularly among patients with RA and AS respectively. Additional information available from these counters showed marked variability in red cell size in SLE, and also of haemoglobin content, which is only measured on the newer H1 machine. Flags for microcythaemia, anisochromasis, and white cell noise (usually due to nucleated red cells) were all more common in SLE. Interpretation of results was complicated by the inevitable difference in age and sex distribution among the disease groups, and identification of active disease was also limited by the effect of drugs. In conclusion, the increasingly widespread use of automated counters as part of the routine haematological service may provide the rheumatologist with useful information, but, as always, care should be taken in the interpretation of indices in patients receiving non-steroidal or second line agents, and also in extrapolating results from one machine to another when they are updated or when patients are monitored at more than one centre.
How Coronary Angiography Is Used
Authors: Mark R. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Using ratings of appropriateness derived from an expert physician panel, we measured how appropriately physicians in 1981 performed coronary angiography in a randomly selected, community-based sample of cases in the Medicare population. We studied large geographic areas (three sites) in three states, representing regions of high and low use. The high-use site had fewer procedures classified as appropriate (72%) than either low-use site (77% and 81%, respectively). Over all sites, 17% of procedures were classified as inappropriate. Patients in the high-use site were older, had less severe angina, and were less intensively medically treated than patients in either of the low-use sites. Patients without angina who had not undergone exercise testing constituted the most common subgroup of inappropriate cases. Although overall differences in appropriateness were not large, practice differences do exist. This analysis of practice differences among study sites provides the clinical basis for understanding the small, but significant, differences in the appropriateness of use of coronary angiography. The finding of 17% inappropriate use may be cause for concern.
Comparative efficacy and safety of nitroglycerin, verapamil and nicorandil during coronary angioplasty
Authors: Satoshi Saito, Yasuo Tamura, Masahito Moriuchi, Tsuneo Mizumura, Kazuhira Hibiya, Junko Honye, Teruhiko Ando, Tomchiko Kamata, Masazumi Tsuji, Yukio Ozawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The Selfish Goal: Autonomously operating motivational structures as the proximate cause of human judgment and behavior
Authors: Julie Y. Huang, John A. Bargh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

We propose the Selfish Goal model, which holds that a person's behavior is driven by psychological processes called goals that guide his or her behavior, at times in contradictory directions. Goals can operate both consciously and unconsciously, and when activated they can trigger downstream effects on a person's information processing and behavioral possibilities that promote only the attainment of goal end-states (and not necessarily the overall interests of the individual). Hence, goals influence a person as if the goals themselves were selfish and interested only in their own completion. We argue that there is an evolutionary basis to believe that conscious goals evolved from unconscious and selfish forms of pursuit. This theoretical framework predicts the existence of unconscious goal processes capable of guiding behavior in the absence of conscious awareness and control (the automaticity principle), the ability of the most motivating or active goal to constrain a person's information processing and behavior toward successful completion of that goal (the reconfiguration principle), structural similarities between conscious and unconscious goal pursuit (the similarity principle), and goal influences that produce apparent inconsistencies or counterintuitive behaviors in a person's behavior extended over time (the inconsistency principle). Thus, we argue that a person's behaviors are indirectly selected at the goal level but expressed (and comprehended) at the individual level.
A McKinley Memorial.
Authors: S. A. Knopf
Journal: JAMA (1901)

New York, October 7, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —During the past week some lay and some medical journals announced that it was intended to erect in Washington a McKinley Hospital in honor of our late beloved President. Beautiful as this idea may be, I believe that a little memorial hospital, located in Washington, is not a great enough tribute to a nation's president such as was William McKinley. Furthermore, while I would not wish to say that there is no room for a hospital for the treatment of general diseases in Washington, I know that there is no urgent need for it. On the other hand, I know, and all physicians and charity workers of our large eastern and western cities will bear me out when 1 say that there is a crying and urgent need of a sanatorium, or rather several sanatoria where the many little scrofulous and tuberculous
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Physiologic Principles and Clinical Applications
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Plainly, clearly, and in some detail, Drs Weber, Janicki, and their seven contributors tell their readers why they should perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and how to go about it. Beginning their book with concise and well-illustrated sections on normal and disordered physiology, Weber and Janicki proceed to discuss the different systems of exercising, testing, and monitoring. They find a good deal of the commercially available apparatus user-friendly. They heavily rely on noninvasive measurements of respiratory gas exchange, but they do not hesitate to use the Swan-Ganz flotation catheter. They show how noninvasive CPX determinations (made during incremental treadmill exercise) yield values for cardiac reserve that are free of patient or physician bias. If the underlying nature of the patient's heart disease is known, no other form of testing may be needed to follow its natural course and its response to different therapeutic interventions. On the other hand, a few
Intense Myocardial Uptake of Tc-99m-MDP in a Case of Hypercalcemia
Authors: KELLY SEID, DOROTHY LIN, W MELVIN FLOWERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Intense myocardial uptake from a Tc-99m-MDP bone scan is demonstrated in a patient with chronic renal failure and hypercalcemia. This case demonstrates the sensitivity of bone scanning in detecting microcalcification in the myocardium which is not apparent on the plain chest radiograph. The exact mechanism for myocardial uptake of the bone scanning agent is not known.
The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure
Authors: P Chatterjee
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: Here we investigate the effects of the endogenous prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, on the renal dysfunction and injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney. Methods: Male Wistar rats, subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for up to 48 h, were administered 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (1 mg/kg, intravenously) 5 min prior to and again after 3 or 12 h reperfusion. Results: 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 significantly reduced (i) renal and tubular dysfunction (serum urea and creatinine levels, creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa)), (ii) tubular and reperfusion-injury (urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, aspartate aminotransferase (ASP) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT)) and (iii) histological evidence of renal injury. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 also improved renal function (plasma creatinine levels) and reduced the histological signs of renal injury (after 48 h reperfusion). Administration of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 markedly reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during reperfusion (determined using immunohistochemistry). Immunohistochemical analysis of p65 translocation and Western blot analysis of IκB-α degradation revealed that 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in renal cells. Subsequently, 15d-PGJ2 was able to significantly reduce nitric oxide production during renal ischemia/reperfusion and by primary cultures of rat proximal tubular (PT) cells incubated with interferon-γ and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination. Conclusions: We demonstrate here, for the first time, that 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 significantly reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion-injury via reduction of pro-inflammatory gene expression during reperfusion subsequent to the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB.
Early aberrant gene expression in primary non-small cell carcinomas: a future diagnostic tool?
Authors: S E A Fairbairn
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Smith SL, Gugger M, Hoban P, et al . S100A2 is strongly expressed in airway basal cells, preneoplastic and primary non-small cell lung carcinomas. Br J Cancer2004;91:1515–24 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2] The S100A2 gene has previously been shown by this group to be significantly increased in non-small cell lung cancer. This study examined the expression of S100A2 in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) with matched normal bronchial epithelium. Tumour tissue was obtained from 48 patients (37 men, 11 women) with resectable NSCLC (20 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BCancer%26rft.stitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BCancer%26rft.aulast%253DSmith%26rft.auinit1%253DS.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D91%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D1515%26rft.epage%253D1524%26rft.atitle%253DS100A2%2Bis%2Bstrongly%2Bexpressed%2Bin%2Bairway%2Bbasal%2Bcells%252C%2Bpreneoplastic%2Bbronchial%2Blesions%2Band%2Bprimary%2Bnon-small%2Bcell%2Blung%2Bcarcinomas.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15467767%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15467767&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F2%2F135.atom
High rate of early posttreatment relapse in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients (PTS) with HBeAg seroconversion after lamivudine treatment
Authors: O.S. Kwon, K.S. Byun, J.H. Kim, J.S. Kim, Y.T. Bak, J.E. Yeon, C.H. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Nasolabial follicular sebaceous casts: a novel complication of isotretinoin therapy: reply from author
Authors: S. Agarwal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Nasolabial follicular sebaceous casts: a novel complication of isotretinoin therapy: reply from author Get access S. Agarwal S. Agarwal Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Page 919, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04170.x Published: 01 April 2001
The Selection of Residents
Authors: Eric L. Radin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Dr McCollister 1 should be more sympathetic to the surgical subspecialty residency selection committees. They have the same problem medical student selection committees have, which is to select the best candidates. Medical schools have available to them numerical college grades, class standing, and results of the Medical College Admission Test as relative quantitative measures of academic performance. Residency selection committees are not as blessed. Most American medical schools provide them with a Pollyannaish dean's letter, which finds complimentary things to say about all students and seldom provides class ranking. The medical school transcript frequently lists grades in terms of pass-fail and few objective relative measures are passed along.  Intelligent medical judgment is based, among many factors, on pathophysiological understanding. Thus, a measure of it should be an important criterion in residency selection. In the absence of class standings, numerical grades, and a meaningful dean's letter, scores from
The Clinical Significance of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Vasculitis Related to Scrub Typhus
Authors: S. Kim, I. Chung, I. K. Chung, D. Song, S. Park, H. Kim, M. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-induced vasculitis, which is common in Asia and the Pacific islands and is sometimes encountered in Western countries because of increased travel and economic changes spurred by world globalization. Skin rash and eschar are typical physical findings on the trunk and extremities, but endoscopic mucosal changes have not been described in the gastrointestinal tract until now. We aimed to describe different endoscopic characteristics of the gastrointestinal manifestation of scrub typhus, to ascertain the necessity for endoscopy, and to determine correlations between the degrees of endoscopic lesion and clinical severity, including cutaneous manifestation.Between January 1993 and October 1998, out of 256 scrub typhus patients, we applied esophagogastroduodenoscopy to 58 patients who complained of gastrointestinal symptoms but had no past history of these symptoms. We categorized clinical severity into four grades according to the degree of six clinical indicators of systemic complications, and endoscopic findings were graded from I to IV (I, normal, nonspecific hyperemia; II, distinct hyperemia, petechiae, purpura; II, superficial hemorrhage, erosion; IV, ulcer, active bleeding).Endoscopic findings of scrub typhus were characterized by petechiae, superficial hemorrhage, erosion, ulcers, and vascular bleeding (grade I, 14 patients; grade II, 11 patients; grade III, 16 patients; grade IV, 17 patients). In 83.3% of patients there was multiple occurrence of lesions without any predilection sites. Clinical severity was graded (grade I, 7 patients; grade II, 23 patients; grade III, 22 patients; grade IV, 6 patients). There was a correlation between clinical severity and endoscopic findings (P < 0.01). The grade of lesion was high in patients with cutaneous lesions (r(s) 0.359, P < 0.01). In two cases of gastric vascular bleeding, complete hemostasis was achieved by endoscopic hemoclipping.The major endoscopic features that can develop in scrub typhus are superficial mucosal hemorrhage, multiple erosions and ulcers without any predilection sites, and unusual vascular bleeding. The endoscopic features are related to cutaneous lesions and severity of the disease. Endoscopy is useful for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal vasculitis related to scrub typhus.
Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown. Dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men.
Authors: N K Fukagawa, K L Minaker, J W Rowe, M N Goodman, D E Matthews, D M Bier, V R Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In vivo effects of insulin on plasma leucine and alanine kinetics were determined in healthy postabsorptive young men (n = 5) employing 360-min primed, constant infusions of L-[1-13C]leucine and L-[15N]alanine during separate single rate euglycemic insulin infusions. Serum insulin concentrations of 16.4 +/- 0.8, 29.1 +/- 2.7, 75.3 +/- 5.0, and 2,407 +/- 56 microU/ml were achieved. Changes in plasma 3-methyl-histidine (3-MeHis) were obtained as an independent qualitative indicator of insulin-mediated reduction in proteolysis. Hepatic glucose output was evaluated at the lowest insulin level using D-[6,6-2H2]glucose. The data demonstrate a dose-response effect of insulin to reduce leucine flux, from basal values of 77 +/- 1 to 70 +/- 2, 64 +/- 3, 57 +/- 3, and 52 +/- 4 mumol(kg X h)-1 at the 16, 29, 75, and 2,407 microU/ml insulin levels, respectively (P less than 0.01). A parallel, progressive reduction in 3-MeHis from 5.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.3 microM was revealed. Leucine oxidation estimated from the 13C-enrichment of expired CO2 and plasma leucine (12 +/- 1 mumol[kg X h]-1) and from the 13C-enrichment of CO2 and plasma alpha-ketoisocaproate (19 +/- 2 mumol[kg X h]-1) increased at the 16 microU/ml insulin level to 16 +/- 1 and 24 +/- 2 mumol(kg X h)-1, respectively (P less than 0.05 for each), but did not increase at higher insulin levels. Alanine flux (206 +/- 13 mumol(kg X h)-1) did not increase during the clamp, but alanine de novo synthesis increased in all studies from basal rates of 150 +/- 13 to 168 +/- 23, 185 +/- 21, 213 +/- 29, and 187 +/- 15 mumol(kg X h)-1 at 16, 29, 75, and 2,407 microU/ml insulin levels, respectively (P less than 0.05). These data indicate the presence of insulin-dependent suppression of leucine entry into the plasma compartment in man secondary to a reduction in proteolysis and the stimulation of alanine synthesis during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.