tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NEW AND EARLY SIGN OF RUPTURED BLADDER
Authors: ROGER T. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the past, the positive early diagnosis of rupture of the urinary bladder has been by no means easy. In many or most cases, operation has been performed too late to forestall peritonitis. A history of hypogastric injury, blood in the urine, and a persistently empty or nearly empty bladder are the indications on which an exploratory laparotomy is most often performed in such cases as have not yet developed peritonitis. In the absence of a history of injury, this urgent surgical condition is often overlooked entirely until necropsy. We have a record of many such cases. Up to the present, no pathognomonic sign or combination of signs has been available in this condition. Even cystoscopy fails, because of the presence of blood or inability to fill the bladder with a translucent medium. We believe, therefore, that a new and simple procedure, which permits easy positive diagnosis as soon as
Failure of an antagonist of histamine-- chlorpheniramine--to modify the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in chronic bronchitis
Authors: R. D. STARK, R. C. JOSHI, J. M. BISHOP
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Experimental evidence from animals suggests that the response of the pulmonary circulation to hypoxia is mediated by histamine. In 3 patients with chronic bronchitis the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia was measured before and after administration of chlorpheniramine, a competitive antagonist of histamine. No convincing evidence was obtained of a reduction in the size of the response to hypoxia.
The Esophageal Obturator Airway
Authors: N. R. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The critique by T. A. Don Michael, MD, "The Esophageal Obturator Airway" (1981;246:1098), affirms the usefulness of this device in certain circumstances. Terminology, however, is misleading. Specifically, the esophageal obturator airway (EOA) is an airway in exactly the same manner that a nasopharyngeal airway is; it puts gases into the hypopharynx through 16 small holes as a nasopharyngeal airway does through a single opening. When the EOA is modified to receive a nasogastric tube, it ceases to be even this much of an "airway." It then becomes only an esophageal occluder containing a nasogastric tube. Ventilation is done with bag and mask, with possible upper airway obstruction. It is important to know that although the EOA is useful to help prevent aspiration of gastric contents, it does nothing to protect the airway from aspiration of other foreign materials such as blood in the hypopharynx as a result
Peroral cholangioscopy in a patient with a Billroth II gastrectomy using the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System
Authors: K. Kawakubo, H. Isayama, T. Tsujino, Y. Nakai, N. Sasahira, H. Kogure, T. Sasaki, N. Yamamoto, K. Hirano, M. Tada, K. Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Peroral cholangioscopy in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy is challenging because of the technical difficulties associated with accessing the papilla and the high rate of complications experienced when using a side-viewing duodenoscope [1]. The recently developed SpyGlass Direct Visualization System (Microvasive Endoscopy, Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) can be passed through a forward-viewing endoscope because its diameter is 10 Fr [2] [3] [4]. We describe a case of cholangiocarcinoma that was successfully visualized using a SpyGlass cholangioscope in a patient with a Billroth II gastrectomy.
Bisphenol S Disrupts Estradiol-Induced Nongenomic Signaling in a Rat Pituitary Cell Line: Effects on Cell Functions
Authors: René Viñas, Cheryl S. Watson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor that imperfectly mimics the effects of physiologic estrogens via membrane-bound estrogen receptors (mERα, mERβ, and GPER/GPR30), thereby initiating nongenomic signaling. Bisphenol S (BPS) is an alternative to BPA in plastic consumer products and thermal paper.To characterize the nongenomic activities of BPS, we examined signaling pathways it evoked in GH3/B6/F10 rat pituitary cells alone and together with the physiologic estrogen estradiol (E2). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)-specific phosphorylations were examined for their correlation to three functional responses: proliferation, caspase activation, and prolactin (PRL) release.We detected ERK and JNK phosphorylations by fixed-cell immunoassays, identified the predominant mER initiating the signaling with selective inhibitors, estimated cell numbers by crystal violet assays, measured caspase activity by cleavage of fluorescent caspase substrates, and measured PRL release by radioimmunoassay.BPS phosphoactivated ERK within 2.5 min in a nonmonotonic dose-dependent manner (10-15 to 10-7 M). When combined with 10-9 M E2, the physiologic estrogen's ERK response was attenuated. BPS could not activate JNK, but it greatly enhanced E2-induced JNK activity. BPS induced cell proliferation at low concentrations (femtomolar to nanomolar), similar to E2. Combinations of both estrogens reduced cell numbers below those of the vehicle control and also activated caspases. Earlier activation of caspase 8 versus caspase 9 demonstrated that BPS initiates apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway, consistent with activation via a membrane receptor. BPS also inhibited rapid (≤ 1 min) E2-induced PRL release.BPS, once considered a safe substitute for BPA, disrupts membrane-initiated E2-induced cell signaling, leading to altered cell proliferation, cell death, and PRL release.
Complications Associated With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Replacement in Response to Device Advisories
Authors: Paul A. Gould, Andrew D. Krahn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Recent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) advisories and recalls have caused management dilemmas for physicians, particularly because there are no specific guidelines or data on outcomes from current management strategies. The risk of ICD generator replacement has not been assessed in this population.To determine the complication rate associated with ICD generator replacement for the current ICD advisories.Seventeen ICD implanting centers in Canada were surveyed to assess complication rates as a result of generator replacements because of ICD advisories from October 2004 to October 2005.Complications associated with elective ICD generator replacement for current device advisories.At the 17 surveyed centers, 2915 patients had recall devices, including 533 (18.3%) who had advisory ICDs replaced a mean (SD) of 26.5 (11.5) months after their initial implant. Of these patients, 66% had a secondary prevention ICD, and 45% had received a previous appropriate shock. During a mean (SD) of 2.7 (2.8) months' follow-up after ICD generator replacement, complications occurred in 43 patients (8.1%). Major complications attributable to advisory device replacement requiring reoperation occurred in 31 patients (5.8%), with death in 2 patients after extraction for pocket infection. Minor complications occurred in 12 patients (2.3%). There were 3 (0.1%) advisory-related device malfunctions reported, without clinical consequences.ICD generator replacement in patients with advisory devices is associated with a substantial rate of complications, including death. These complications need to be considered in the development of guidelines determining the appropriate treatment of patients with advisory devices.
Interaction between <i>MYC</i> and <i>MCL1</i> in the Genesis and Outcome of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thaddeus D. Allen, Chang Qi Zhu, Kirk D. Jones, Naoki Yanagawa, Ming-Sound Tsao, J. Michael Bishop
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract MYC exerts both positive and negative functions in cancer cells, such that its procancerous effects are unmasked only after its anticancer effects are blocked. Here we used multiple mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma to identify genetic events that can cooperate with MYC activation to promote the genesis of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer in humans. MYC overexpression targeted to pulmonary alveolar cells was sufficient to induce lung adenomas and carcinomas. Tumorigenesis was assisted by either spontaneous mutations in Kras or experimental introduction of activated RAS, but investigations revealed that additional events were required to circumvent apoptosis, one of the most significant negative functions exerted by MYC. We determined that overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein MCL1 was sufficient to circumvent apoptosis in this setting. Previous clinical studies have indicated that prognosis of human NSCLC is not associated with MCL1, despite its overexpression in many NSCLCs. In reexamining the prognostic value in this setting, we found that MCL1 overexpression does correlate with poor patient survival, but only when accompanied by MYC overexpression. Our findings therefore produce a convergence of mouse and human results that explain how MCL1 can block an important negative consequence of MYC overexpression in both experimental models and clinical cases of NSCLC. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2212–21. ©2011 AACR.
Effects of health publicity on prevalence of smoking
Authors: J. Townsend, P. Roderick, J. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Donald Reid draws attention to the potentially class free effects of health promotion in the electronic media, but he misrepresents the term “health publicity” in our analysis by referring to it as “everything else except price.”1 The model we used to assess different influences on cigarette smoking over the past 20 years …
Familial Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia Resulting from Increased Thyroxine Binding to Thyroxine-Binding Prealbumin
Authors: Alan C. Moses, Joseph Lawlor, James Haddow, Ivor M. D. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

MORE than 99 per cent of the thyroxine (T4) in blood is normally bound to specific plasma T4-binding proteins, including T4-binding globulin (TBG), T4-binding prealbumin (TBPA), and albumin.1 However, it is generally agreed that the concentration of unbound or free T4 determines the level of biologically available T4. A free T4 index, which is calculated by multiplying the total serum T4 by the 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake (an assessment of available TBG binding sites for T4 in serum), usually reflects biologically available T4 . . .
Bone marrow plasticity revisited: protection or differentiation in the kidney tubule?
Authors: D. Krause
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Epithelial organs such as the intestine and skin have a relatively high rate of cell loss and thus require a reservoir of stem cells capable of both replacing the lost epithelia and maintaining the reservoir. Whether the kidney has such a stem cell niche has been a subject of great interest; the majority of data suggest that replacement of renal epithelial cells occurs via dedifferentiation and proliferation of existing tubular cells, while some studies demonstrate the presence of potential tubular stem cells in the renal interstitium. However, recent reports have suggested that the bone marrow may also be a source of stem cells for tubule turnover and/or repair. In this issue of the JCI, 2 groups explore the role of endogenous cells versus bone marrow–derived cells in mediating tubule repair. Duffield and colleagues demonstrate that bone marrow does contain cells capable of protecting the kidney from ischemic injury, but found that these cells do not act by direct incorporation into the repaired tubular segments. In contrast, Lin and coworkers found that some bone marrow–derived cells do appear to incorporate into the injured tubule as epithelial cells (see the related article beginning on page 1756). Importantly, both groups conclude that the majority of tubule repair occurs via proliferation of endogenous renal cells rather than incorporation of bone marrow–derived cells.
Two Syndromes Following Rubella Immunization
Authors: Anthony W. Kilroy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Following a community rubella immunization program for children, 32 cases of two pain syndromes were encountered which differed from previously described arthritis. In one syndrome, children awoke at night with pain and paresthesias in the wrists and hands. In the other, pain in the knee was accompanied by a crouching gait. Some mixed cases occurred. Abnormal nerve conduction tests suggested a transient polyneuropthy in both syndromes. A concomitant carpal tunnel involvement was suggested in two children with the wrist syndrome. The incidence of such complications was 2.2/1,000 immunizations, following dog kidney vaccine and 0.1/1,000 doses of duck embryo vaccine. Normal nerve conduction was demonstrated in three children tested after recovery. No fundamental change in immunization policy would appear to be indicated on the basis of these findings.
BIVALIRUDIN VERSUS UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN FOR PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOLLOWING THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gabriel Sardi, Michael A. Gaglia, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Gabriel Maluenda, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Rafael Romaguera, Michael Mahmoudi, Kohei Wakabayashi, Rebecca Torguson, William O. Suddath, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effects of ethanol administration on components of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway in rat liver
Authors: L J Born, K K Kharbanda, D L McVicker, R K Zetterman, T M Donohue
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatic protein accumulation during ethanol administration may result partly from an ethanol–elicited decline in hepatic protein degradation, which we have previously shown. We conducted the current studies to examine the effects of ethanol administration on the levels of hepatic ubiquitin, an 8.5–kd protein which is an important mediator of extralysosomal protein catabolism. Rats were pair–fed liquid diets containing either ethanol (36% of calories) or isocaloric maltose–dextrin for 1 to 5 weeks. Ubiquitin was immunochemically quantified by competitive enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in crude cytosol fractions from whole liver and in 12,000g supernatants of hepatocyte lysates. Ubiquitin levels in hepatic cytosol fractions of ethanol–fed rats exceeded those of controls by about 30%. Isolated hepatocytes from ethanol–fed animals also showed a 40% to 75% elevation of ubiquitin above that in cells of pair–fed controls and this difference exceeded the relative rise in hepatocellular protein. In hepatocyte lysates subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and immunoblotting, we detected monomeric ubiquitin and higher molecular mass ubiquitin–protein conjugates. However, the immunoblot analyses revealed no quantitative changes in the level of either free or conjugated ubiquitin. The ubiquitin conjugating activity of crude and diethyl aminoethyl–fractionated liver cytosols of ethanol–fed rats had equal capacities to those from controls in catalyzing the formation of ubiquitin–protein conjugates. Our findings indicate that chronic ethanol consumption increased the level of immunoreactive ubiquitin in rat liver. This may have resulted from enhanced ubiquitin production because of an ethanol–elicited stress response and/or decreased catabolism of ubiquitin and its conjugates. Our findings also provide no indication that the ethanol–elicited reduction in hepatic proteolysis is because of a ubiquitin–mediated mechanisms.
All-Cause Mortality After Diabetes-Related Amputation in Barbados: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Stephan Morbach, Ute Gröblinghoff, Hansjörg Schulze, Sebastian Wulff, Martin Schönauer, Gerhard Rümenapf, Janet K. Lutale, Zulfiqarali G. Abbas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Alarmingly high mortality rates have been reported in diabetic patients with ulcerations—especially if complicated by amputation. In a recent issue of Diabetes Care , Hambleton et al. (1) raise the possibility of a “different hierarchy” of postamputation complications and causes of death in patients with diabetes from developed and developing areas of the world, comparing their data with published work from the U.S. (2).

To examine this further we have analyzed data from a cohort of German and Tanzanian patients in an ongoing multinational follow-up study of diabetic foot ulcer patients (3) and compared them with the patients of Hambleton et al. Diabetic foot patients from Germany and Tanzania were included in …
925 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR OUTCOME IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Carbone, G. Mells, H.J. Cordell, M.A. Heneghan, J.M. Neuberger, P.T. Donaldson, A.J. Bathgate, A.K. Burroughs, M.H. Davies, D.B. Day, S. Rushton, M.F. Dawwas, S. Thomson, G.J. Alexander, D.E. Jones, R.N. Sandford
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The Position of the Operation for the Excision of a Cartilage in Military Surgery
Authors: T. E. Hammond
Journal: BMJ (1918)

DEC. 28, i918 be dlirninished.Attentiou,-too, may be directed to getting wVounds in these situations inito a healthy conditi n and closing then.InterrLuptions miglht be mnade to allow for dressings, but hjitlherto this has Inot been tried, as suclh changres would piobably be at the expense of comfort and simiplicity.MIajor M.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and the Esophageal Inflammation-Metaplasia-Adenocarcinoma Sequence
Authors: Lesley A. Anderson, Brian T. Johnston, R.G. Peter Watson, Seamus J. Murphy, Heather R. Ferguson, Harry Comber, Jim McGuigan, John V. Reynolds, Liam J. Murray
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Observational studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is not known at what stage they may act in the esophageal inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. In an all-Ireland case-control study, we investigated the relationship between the use of NSAIDs and risk of reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, long-segment Barrett's esophagus and population controls were recruited from throughout Ireland. Esophagitis patients were recruited from Northern Ireland only. Data were collected on known and potential risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma and on the use of NSAIDs, including aspirin, at least 1 year before interview. Associations between use of NSAIDs and the stages of the esophageal inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence were estimated by multiple logistic regression. In total, 230 reflux esophagitis, 224 Barrett's esophagus, and 227 esophageal adenocarcinoma and 260 population controls were recruited. Use of aspirin and NSAIDs was associated with a reduced risk of Barrett's esophagus [odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)], 0.53 (0.31-0.90) and 0.40 (0.19-0.81), respectively] and esophageal adenocarcinoma [OR (95% CI), 0.57 (0.36-0.93) and 0.58 (0.31-1.08), respectively]. Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma patients were less likely than controls to have used NSAIDs. Selection or recall bias may explain these results and the results of previous observational studies indicating a protective effect of NSAIDs against esophageal adenocarcinoma. If NSAIDs have a true protective effect on the esophageal inflammation-metaplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence, they may act early in the sequence. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4975-82)
Clinical Crossroads Update: A 65-Year-Old Man With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Christopher D. Saudek
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The 1-year follow-up of a patient with diabetes 1 struck me as misguided. Dr Rubenstein had presented a rationale for the effective management of type 2 diabetes. In this follow-up, the now 65-year-old patient returned 4 kg heavier, with even worse glycemic control (blood glucose level, 14.4 mmol/L [260 mg/dL]; glycohemoglobin, 11.8%), and highrisk dyslipidemia.  Despite this overall worsening of the patient's risk for complications, the patient and physician appear complacent. Things are going well, the patient is playing tennis, he can allegedly tell when he is out of control, and an optometrist found no subjective visual impairment (not exactly the way to assess retinopathy).  patient did not want to take insulin. It all reminds me of the line about a man jumping from a 27-story skyscraper, waving to each window as he goes by, saying Feeling fine so far.  The evidence is beyond question that
I-131 MIBG and Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient With MEN
Authors: K. KOVA&OV0161;I&OV0161;, M. ALA&OV0161;, D. TRNSKI, Z. KUSIC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The case of a patient with MEN is described. Emphasis is placed on the role of I-131 MIBG and bone scintigraphy as a part of the diagnostic and follow-up procedures.
Nitric oxide does not modulate the hyperpolarization-activated current, If, in ventricular myocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: S Bryant
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

: In sinoatrial (SA) node cells, nitric oxide (NO) exerts a dual effect on the hyperpolarization-activated current, I(f), i.e. in basal conditions NO enhances I(f) whereas in the presence of beta-adrenergic stimulation it decreases it. Recent studies have shown that I(f) is present in ventricular myocytes from hypertrophied or failing hearts where it may promote abnormal automaticity. Since these pathological conditions are associated with increased sympathetic tone and upregulation of myocardial NO production, we set out to investigate whether I(f) is similarly modulated by NO in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes.Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from 18-20-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Membrane current was measured under whole-cell or amphotericin-perforated patch-clamp conditions, at 35 degrees C.Application of diethylamine-NO (DEA-NO, 1-100 microM) did not alter the amplitude or voltage dependence of activation of I(f) under basal conditions (half-activation voltage, V(h): control -82.9+/-2.6, DEA-NO -84.0+/-2.6 mV). Similarly, I(f) was not affected by the inhibition of endogenous NO production (L-NMMA, 500 microM) or guanylate cyclase (ODQ, 10 microM). Forskolin (10 microM) or isoprenaline (100 nM) elicited a positive shift in V(h) but subsequent application of DEA-NO did not further affect the properties of I(f).Our results show that, unlike in SA node cells, in SHR ventricular myocytes basal and adrenergically stimulated I(f) is not modulated by exogenous NO or by constitutive NO or cGMP production.
Vital Signs: A Doctor Diagnoses the Medical Revolution
Authors: Michael M. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1976)

It is difficult to capture the spirit of a book composed in equal parts of subtle insight, polemics, and sociomedical ruminations. Dr Jean Bernard, Director of the Paris Research Institute for Blood Disorders, has written a highly personal document that is engaging, difficult to gainsay, but enormously frustrating because of an uncomfortable number of loose ends, both intellectual and medical. Bernard is a master of homiletics, but preaching is not always the surest approach to an audience interested in the biomedical sciences. This book would most generously be viewed as a commentary on the role of the scientist-physician in modern society. The three major sections—"Advances," "Consequences," and "Temptations"—are uneven, with the heaviest emphasis and most useful analysis occurring in the chapters on geographic hematology and economic and financial aspects. The medical revolution mentioned in the title is, in actuality, synonymous with the progress of biomedical science and technology. What is