tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative retention of urine: a prospective urodynamic study.
Authors: J B Anderson, J B Grant
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the cause of post-operative retention of urine in elderly men. DESIGN--Prospective study. SETTING--Northern General Hospital, Sheffield. PATIENTS--32 consecutive men (median age 73, range 55-85) referred to the urology department who were unable to pass urine either within 48 hours after operation and required catheterisation (23) or after removal of a catheter inserted at the initial operation (nine). INTERVENTION--Intermittent self catheterisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Urological investigation by medium fill and voiding cystometry within four weeks after operation, and minimum follow up three months thereafter. RESULTS--6 patients resumed normal voiding before urodynamic assessment, three proceeded straight to prostatectomy, and one was unfit for self catheterisation. Of 22 men who underwent urodynamic investigation, only five had bladder outflow obstruction, who subsequently had successful prostatectomy; 15 showed either a low pressure-low flow system (seven) or complete detrusor failure (eight) and two showed pelvic parasympathetic nerve damage. With intermittent self catheterisation spontaneous voiding returned in all but one man within a median of 8 weeks (range 6-32 weeks). Recovery of bladder function took significantly longer in men with detrusor failure than in those with an underactive bladder (median 10 weeks (range 6-32 weeks) v median 8 weeks (range 6-8 weeks); p = 0.05). Three months later all patients had re-established their own normal voiding pattern with minimal residual urine on ultrasonography and satisfactory flow rates. CONCLUSIONS--Postoperative urinary retention in elderly men is not an indication for prostatectomy; a normal pattern of micturition can be re-established by intermittent self catheterisation in most men.
Gallium-67 and Infections
Authors: DONALD A. PODOLOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and CorrectionsJune 1, 1975Gallium-67 and InfectionsDONALD A. PODOLOFF, LT COL, USAF, MCDONALD A. PODOLOFF, LT COL, USAF, MCSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-848_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article on gallium-67 for localization of septic lesions written by Littenburg and associates (Ann Intern Med79:403-406, 1973) clearly showed the usefulness of gallium-67 for the localization of septic lesions. Subsequent to the publication of the article, a letter appearing in this column by Gelrud, Milder, and Canellos (Ann Intern Med80:775-776, 1974) made several points relevant to the diagnosis of infection using gallium-67. The authors cautioned that a negative gallium-67 study might not rule out infection and also lamented the fact that there were no prospective series with adequate bacteriologic conformation.We have recently published...Reference1. HARVEYPODOLOFFKOPP WDD: 67 gallium in 68 consecutive infection searches. J Nucl Med 16:2-4, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics June 1, 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 848-848 Issue Published: June 1, 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Current Research in Leukaemia
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This volume of 22 papers is the outcome of a symposium given during the summer of 1964 by 35 investigators, mostly British and Italian. Papers are organized into the following sections: Cytology and Electron Microscopy; Cytogenetic Studies; Studies of Cell Growth and Division; The Burkitt Tumor; Biochemistry; Therapy; and Epidemiology. Major emphasis falls on methods and investigations attempting to clarify the molecular biology of normal and abnormal living cells. Autoradiography, karyotype analysis, virological studies, various biochemical techniques, and mathematical modeling of hemopoiesis are among the investigative tools used. Most authors present parts of their own research, comprehensively review the corresponding literature, and attempt to synthesize this information into broader concepts relating to the nature of leukemia. This last effort often falls short, since there are still many gaps in our knowledge. Evidence has been accumulating to support a number of interesting concepts: For example, the viral etiology of certain animal
Abstract 5754: Identification of pharmacologically tractable genes that are associated with oncogenic K-Ras dependency in colorectal cancers
Authors: Anurag Singh, Michael F. Sweeney, Patricia Greninger, Jeffrey E. Settleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Summary We have previously shown that KRAS mutant lung and pancreatic cancer cells can be classified into two broad groups based on their requirement or dependency for sustained K-Ras activity. By supervised gene expression analyses, we derived a gene expression signature associated with K-Ras dependency, components of which represent candidate therapeutic targets. We have applied this strategy to KRAS mutant colorectal cancers (CRCs), which are notoriously refractory to conventional and targeted therapeutics. Moreover, the KRAS gene is now routinely sequenced to identify CRC patients that harbor KRAS mutations. Thus, patients with KRAS mutation-positive CRCs are given little recourse in terms of treatment options. We have found that, like lung and pancreatic cancer cell lines, KRAS mutant can be classified into K-Ras dependent and K-Ras independent groups. However, whereas K-Ras dependency in KRAS mutant lung and pancreatic cancer cells is associated with a well differentiated epithelial-like phenotype, K-Ras dependent CRC cells do not exhibit such an association. As such K-Ras dependent CRC cells exhibit a distinct molecular profile compared to K-Ras dependent lung and pancreatic cancer cells. We have identified a number of distinct kinase genes whose expression is associated with K-Ras dependency specifically in CRCs. Depletion of these genes by RNAi results in selective cytotoxic effects in K-Ras dependent CRC cells, suggesting that these genes may serve as candidate therapeutic targets in a subset of KRAS mutant CRCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5754.
The Jamaica Ginger Paralysis
Authors: John P. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

AN EPIDEMIC of partial paralysis ultimately affecting 50,000 Americans became manifest in February 1930.<sup>1</sup>Although this initial and most important phase of the epidemic ended by July 1930, a new group of people were poisoned in January 1931 under circumstances as bizarre as those a year earlier.<sup>2</sup>I plan to review briefly the 50-year-old event, and the marking of that anniversary may be reason enough to command attention. However, I have two other goals. The toxin that caused the illness will not go away, and the most recent epidemic occurred in 1978. Additionally, in my first report of the "Jake Walk Blues,"3 I was unable to describe or identify the real culprits who provoked the massive poisoning. In the past few months, I was led to, and have now read, some 1,200 pages detailing the investigation of the adulterated Jamaica ginger extract written by the field staff of
Quality of Care in Rural Hospitals
Authors: Roger A. Rosenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The study by Keeler et al1further develops the use of risk-adjusted mortality rates to compare the performance of groups of hospitals, at least with regard to the care of a subset of quite ill Medicare patients from 6 to 11 years ago. The finding that larger urban hospitals have lower mortality for selected conditions than their smaller rural counterparts corroborates the earlier work of Luft et al,2and demonstrates that for selected conditions, a greater volume of experience correlates with lower mortality.  Despite the utility of risk-adjusted mortality as one measure of quality, it is important to place these results in context in order to use them appropriately to shape public policy. The lower quality scores given to physician performance in rural hospitals may not reflect their lack of skill—as the authors suggest—but other factors such as their workload. The relative scarcity of rural
CULLEN'S SIGN IN CONDITIONS OTHER THAN EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY
Authors: ROBERT KAPSINOW
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In 1919, Cullen<sup>1</sup>made the interesting observation of a bluish discoloration about the umbilicus associated with extra-uterine pregnancy. Later, Hellendall<sup>2</sup>described the same condition but, apparently, without knowing that it had previously been described. Two years later, Novak<sup>3</sup>reported the finding of this sign in two other cases of extra-uterine pregnancy. Today this bluish black appearance about the umbilicus, unassociated with any history of injury, together with a definite uterine history usually typical of the slow tubal abortion type of bleeding, is considered a positive sign of ectopic pregnancy. Novak, however, mentions the fact that other conditions of intra-abdominal hemorrhage due to causes other than extra-uterine pregnancy may possibly cause this umbilical discoloration, but, in view of the infrequency of such conditions, states that it can practically be considered a sign especially applicable to the lesion in which it was originally described. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A girl,
Nicotine Content and Health Risks of Cigars
Authors: Jack E. Henningfield
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Outward Arterial Remodeling
Authors: Saskia C.G. Hollestelle, Margreet R. de Vries, J. Karlijn van Keulen, Arjan H. Schoneveld, Aryan Vink, Chaylendra F. Strijder, Ben J. van Middelaar, Gerard Pasterkamp, Paul H.A. Quax, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) is the receptor for exogenous lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Expression of endogenous Tlr4 ligands, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) and extra domain A of fibronectin, has been observed in arthritic and oncological specimens in which matrix turnover is an important feature. In atherosclerosis, outward remodeling is characterized by matrix turnover and a structural change in arterial circumference and is associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype. Since Tlr4 ligands are expressed during matrix turnover, we hypothesized that Tlr4 is involved in arterial remodeling. Methods and Results— In a femoral artery cuff model in the atherosclerotic ApoE3 (Leiden) transgenic mouse, Tlr4 activation by LPS stimulated plaque formation and subsequent outward arterial remodeling. With the use of the same model in wild-type mice, neointima formation and outward remodeling occurred. In Tlr4-deficient mice, however, no outward arterial remodeling was observed independent of neointima formation. Carotid artery ligation in wild-type mice resulted in outward remodeling without neointima formation in the contralateral artery. This was associated with an increase in Tlr4 expression and EDA and Hsp60 mRNA levels. In contrast, outward remodeling was not observed after carotid ligation in Tlr4-deficient mice. Conclusions— These findings provide genetic evidence that Tlr4 is involved in outward arterial remodeling, probably through upregulation of Tlr4 and Tlr4 ligands.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Michael Soman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Krober and colleagues' have added yet another convincing bit of evidence that the clinical course of streptococcal pharyngitis is altered by early antibiotic therapy. The closing paragraph of the accompanying editorial by Dr Fulginiti<sup>2</sup>suggests that we should be "more liberal in the administration of penicillin" to individuals with a high likelihood of having streptococcal pharyngitis and that we "discontinue therapy in those patients who have negative cultures." I thoroughly agree with the first recommendation, but I question whether we should stop use of antibiotics in patients with negative cultures.
HAPTEN CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE DNP-PLL·FOREIGN ALBUMIN COMPLEX SYSTEM: INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE AND STIMULATION OF CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Ira Green, William E. Paul, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Genetic nonresponder guinea pigs made tolerant to BSA and then immunized with DNP-PLL.BSA failed to make anti-DNP-PLL antibodies. Thus, tolerance to a carrier protein renders animals unresponsive to the hapten which it bears. The addition in vitro of DNP-PLL or DNP-GL to lymph node cell cultures derived from genetic responder animals immunized with these materials led to a significant stimulation of (3)H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. However, the addition of DNP-PLL or DNP-GL to lymph node cell cultures from nonresponder animals immunized with these materials failed to produce any stimulation of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the addition of DNP-PLL to lymph node cell cultures from nonresponder animals immunized with DNP-PLL.BSA or DNP-PLL.OVA also failed to stimulate cell proliferation in spite of the fact that the lymph node cells of these animals were producing anti-DNP-PLL antibodies. The above facts suggest that the function of the PLL gene product is to act at an early crucial step in the immune mechanism to form an antigen-inducer complex. The specificity of this early step may be of a simple order and different than that of the antibody which is later produced in the immune response.
Catheter-mediated electrical ablation of the posterior septum via the coronary sinus: electrophysiologic and histologic observations in dogs.
Authors: F Coltorti, G H Bardy, D Reichenbach, H L Greene, R Thomas, D G Breazeale, C Alferness, T D Ivey
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In a series of 12 dogs, the electrophysiologic and histologic effects of a single damped sine-wave shock delivered via standard electrocatheters to the region of the coronary sinus orifice were investigated. Six dogs received 200 J and six received 360 J of stored energy. The shock was delivered to two consecutive proximal poles of a standard quadripolar catheter positioned at the coronary sinus orifice and connected to the positive output (anode) of a defibrillator. A disc electrode positioned on the anterior chest wall served as the cathode (negative pole). During the shock, voltage and current were recorded. Electrophysiologic testing was done before and 4 weeks after the shock. At 4 weeks, animals were killed and serial sections of the atrioventricular groove and conduction system were performed. No significant long-term change in atrioventricular conduction, spontaneous or induced atrial or ventricular arrhythmias was observed. However, transient atrioventricular block was seen in five and idioventricular rhythms in six animals in the short term. No persistent electrocardiographic changes were observed, and no sudden deaths occurred. Microscopically, transmural injury at the anulus proper or basilar ventricular epicardium was inconstant and infrequent. However, transmural atrial injury at the level of the coronary sinus was produced over a 10 +/- 5 mm length with the 200 J shock and a 21 +/- 6 mm length with the 360 J shock. Neither coronary artery injury nor damage to the conduction system was seen and cardiac tamponade did not occur. However, localized intramural atrial rupture of the coronary sinus wall (on the endocardial aspect only) was observed in each dog, consistent with barotrauma. With the present technique, atrial injury potentially capable of blocking the effects of accessory pathway conduction could be produced without other electrophysiologic alterations or complications. Injury to the anulus proper (and therefore to any accessory pathway per se) is probably unlikely. Barotrauma may play a significant role in the type of injury observed in this study.
Notified bodies: are they fit for purpose?
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Deborah Cohen explains how medical devices get on to the European market

Slick and efficient or opaque and patchy—these are two of the views about the European medical device regulatory system expressed during a US Congress debate last year.1 Over the past few years there has been mounting concern about Europe’s system for approving high risk medical devices such as hip replacements, cardiac pacemakers, and other implants.

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) assesses whether companies should be able to market a device. However, in the European Union the task of determining whether a medical device is safe and performs according to certain standards is …
Exploring preferences for place of death with terminally ill patients: qualitative study of experiences of general practitioners and community nurses in England
Authors: D. Munday, M. Petrova, J. Dale
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder with estimated global prevalence rates between 3% and 5% in children and 2.5% in adults, depending on the classification system used. The psychostimulant methylphenidate is one of the most frequently used medications for ADHD. In this analysis article we describe shortly the evidence in the field, an application for inclusion of methylphenidate on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the comments raised to the application and the WHO Expert Committee's decision. The application of getting methylphenidate on the WHO list was overzealous in reporting potential benefits, without highlighting key uncertainties and harms. Decisions encompassing medicines candidate to the WHO Model List should not be based on speculation about potential benefits and should fully incorporate areas of uncertainties. Even though methylphenidate has been used for over 60 years, the evidence concerning the benefits of this medication in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD is uncertain. The decision of the committee was to not include methylphenidate in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 'due to uncertainties in the estimates of benefit, and concerns regarding the quality and limitations of the available evidence for both benefit and harm'.
Increased Levels of Circulating Interleukin-18 in Patients with Advanced Tuberculosis
Authors: GEN YAMADA, NORIHARU SHIJUBO, KATSUNORI SHIGEHARA, HARUKI OKAMURA, MASASHI KURIMOTO, SHOSAKU ABE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has recently been identified as an interferon- gamma-inducing factor and it plays an important role in the Th1 response. We measured serum levels of IL-18 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in 43 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 25 healthy control subjects. Significantly increased levels of circulating IL-18 and IFN-gamma were found in pulmonary tuberculosis as compared with those in healthy control subjects. Circulating IL-18 and IFN-gamma correlated with the extent of disease in pulmonary tuberculosis. We found significantly increased levels of circulating IL-18 and IFN-gamma in the patients with high-grade fever. Circulating IL-18 significantly correlated with circulating IFN-gamma. IL-18 may play an important role in immune response to human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Crypt cell production rate in ulcerative proctocolitis: differential increments in remission and relapse.
Authors: A Allan, J B Bristol, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1985)

Crypt cell production rate (CCPR) has been measured by a stathmokinetic technique in the relapse and remission phases of ulcerative proctocolitis. Rectal biopsies were obtained from eight patients with colitis in relapse, 14 patients with colitis in remission, and 14 patients with histologically normal mucosa. Biopsies were maintained in organ culture for 16 hours and were then exposed to vincristine for one to three hours. Crypt cell production rate was determined from the rate of accumulation of arrested metaphases. Mean CCPR in the relapse group (14.2 cells/crypt/hour) was 45% faster than in the remission group (9.8 cells/crypt/hour; p less than 0.001), which was in turn 14% faster than in normal mucosa (8.6 cells/crypt/hour; p less than 0.04). More rapid turnover of the rectal epithelium in quiescent as well as active colitis may help to explain the enhanced risk of carcinogenesis in this disease.
Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety of Intramuscular Injection of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Plasmid to Improve Limb Perfusion in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Richard J. Powell, Michael Simons, Farrel O. Mendelsohn, George Daniel, Timothy D. Henry, Minako Koga, Ryuichi Morishita, Brian H. Annex
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— The Study to Assess the Safety of Intramuscular Injection of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Plasmid to Improve Limb Perfusion in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (HGF-STAT trial) determined the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plasmid on safety and limb tissue perfusion as measured by transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcP o 2 ) in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods and Results— Randomized patients with rest pain or ischemic ulcers and TcP o 2 &lt;40 mm Hg and/or toe pressure &lt;50 mm Hg received placebo or HGF-plasmid intramuscular injection as follows: 0.4 mg at days 0, 14, and 28 (low dose); 4.0 mg at days 0 and 28 (middle dose); or 4.0 mg at days 0, 14, and 28 (high dose). Patients were evaluated for safety, changes in TcP o 2 and ankle and toe pressure, amputation, and wound healing. Ninety-three of 104 treated patients were evaluated for safety (mean age 70 years, 63% male, 53% diabetic, 64% with tissue loss, mean ankle-brachial index 0.41, and mean toe pressure 26 mm Hg). Adverse events occurred in 86% of the patients, most of which were related to CLI or comorbid conditions and were not different between groups. TcP o 2 (mean±SE) increased at 6 months in the high-dose group (24.0±4.2 mm Hg, 95% CI 15.5 to 32.4 mm Hg) compared with the placebo (9.4±4.2 mm Hg, 95% CI 0.9 to 17.8), low-dose (11.1±3.7 mm Hg, CI 3.7 to 18.7 mm Hg), and middle-dose (7.3±4.8 mm Hg, CI −2.2 to 17.0 mm Hg) groups (ANCOVA P =0.0015). There was no difference between groups in secondary end points, including ankle-brachial index, toe-brachial index, pain relief, wound healing, or major amputation. Conclusions— Intramuscular injection of HGF plasmid was safe and well tolerated. Larger studies to determine whether HGF plasmid can improve wound healing and limb salvage in patients with CLI are warranted.