tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Risk From Asbestos in Pleurectomy
Authors: H. T. Planteydt
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To  Editor:—  In  preliminary communication of a case report in which pleurectomy was done to stimulate systemic-pulmonary anastomoses to palliate congenital heart disease ( 194 :253, 1965), following pleurectomy, the surface of  lung was sprinkled with powdered asbestos.  In a study of asbestosis and neoplasia Selikoff et al ( 188 :22, 1964) found 45 fatal neoplasms of  lung and pleura, whereas only 6.6 such deaths would have been expected in  total of 255.  Four of  tumors were mesiotheliomas, an extremely high incidence for a rare tumor. Smith et al observed pleural adhesions in hamsters in 27 of 37 animals 1 following a single intrapleural injection of suspensions of three types of asbestos fibers. Four massive tumors and one small neoplasm were found, corresponding to  pleural mesotheliomas of man.  It would seem quite possible that  patient described stands a reasonable chance of having a mesothelioma
Role of chemically induced cell proliferation in carcinogenesis and its use in health risk assessment.
Authors: R G Croy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

There is much interest in incorporating knowledge of biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis into assessments of health risks to humans posed by chemicals in the environment. Debate over the soundness of using data from animal bioassays conducted at minimally toxic doses or fractions thereof for predicting cancer risks to humans exposed to much lower doses has stimulated interest in the question of whether genotoxic or mitotic effects predominate in chemical carcinogenesis. Cell division plays a key role at each stage in the evolution of cancer, and it is well documented that increased rates of cell proliferation can escalate the risk of malignancy. This article examines the current understanding of both mechanisms by which chemicals provoke cell proliferation and the contribution of various kinetic patterns of cell proliferation to carcinogenesis.
Review of animal/in vitro data on biological effects of man-made fibers.
Authors: S A Ellouk, M C Jaurand
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This paper reviews the investigations with man-made fibers (MMF). Insulation woods: glasswool (GW), rockwool (RW), slagwool (SW), glass microfibers (GMF), glass filaments (GFiI), and refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) have been used in experimental animals and in in vitro cell systems. A large heterogeneous number of fibers, methods of fiber preparation, size selection, aerosolization, fiber size, and fiber burden measurement were noted, rendering difficult a comparison between results. By inhalation, RCF and asbestos used as positive controls produced a significant tumor increase. In some studies, a low tumor yield was found after inhalation of insulation wools; when all inhalation data were gathered, a significant tumor increase was found with GW. However, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the potential of other fiber types because, in addition to the different compositions of the fibers, differences in fiber number and sizes existed, especially in comparison with asbestos. Moreover, experiments using inoculation, especially by the intraperitoneal route revealed a carcinogenic potential of all fibers types but GFiI and SW. In these two groups a small number of animals has been investigated and the fiber characteristics were sometimes irrelevant. So far, a relationship between the carcinogenic potency and fiber dimensions has been established. Other fiber parameters may be of importance (surface chemistry, biopersistence, fiber structure, for example) but further investigations are necessary to determine the correlations between these parameters and tumor incidence. In vitro experiments have emphasized the fiber characteristics identified in vivo as playing a role in the carcinogenic potency and should be developed as a better approach of the mechanistic effects of MMF.
Deputising doctor reported to General Medical Council
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A deputising doctor has been reported to the General Medical Council by the British health service ombudsman, Michael Buckley, who found his treatment of a patient “perfunctory” when called on an out of hours visit.

The case is a marker, being the most serious action taken against a doctor since the ombudsman's jurisdiction was extended to general practice in 1996. It also establishes that, while in law the commissioning general practitioner is responsible for the performance of the deputising doctor, deputising services cannot wash their hands of responsibility. …
Evidence for oligoclonal B cell expansion in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D.A Fox, B.R Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were examined for evidence of oligoclonal B cell expansion using the computer assisted flow cytometric technique of kappa-lambda (kappa-lambda) analysis. Eleven of 29 patients with rheumatoid arthritis but only one of 16 with osteoarthritis gave abnormal results (p less than 0.025). Abnormal kappa-lambda determinations did not correlate with age, duration of disease, presence of rheumatoid factor, or other clinical and laboratory parameters. Therapy with oral or intramuscular gold compounds appeared to diminish the incidence of kappa-lambda abnormality. These findings may indicate defective control of clonal B cell proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Fission and Uncoating of Synaptic Clathrin-Coated Vesicles Are Perturbed by Disruption of Interactions with the SH3 Domain of Endophilin
Authors: Helge Gad, Niels Ringstad, Peter Löw, Ole Kjaerulff, Jenny Gustafsson, Markus Wenk, Gilbert Di Paolo, Yasuo Nemoto, John Crum, Mark H. Ellisman, Pietro De Camilli, Oleg Shupliakov, Lennart Brodin
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation
Authors: Trent Gaugler, Lambertus Klei, Stephan J Sanders, Corneliu A Bodea, Arthur P Goldberg, Ann B Lee, Milind Mahajan, Dina Manaa, Yudi Pawitan, Jennifer Reichert, Stephan Ripke, Sven Sandin, Pamela Sklar, Oscar Svantesson, Abraham Reichenberg, Christina M Hultman, Bernie Devlin, Kathryn Roeder, Joseph D Buxbaum
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
HB-EGF Is a Potent Inducer of Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis
Authors: Pat P. Ongusaha, Jennifer C. Kwak, Andrew J. Zwible, Salvador Macip, Shigeki Higashiyama, Naoyuki Taniguchi, Li Fang, Sam W. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been shown to stimulate the growth of a variety of cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Although HB-EGF is widely expressed in tumors compared with normal tissue, its contribution to tumorigenicity is unknown. HB-EGF can be produced as a membrane-anchored form (pro-HB-EGF) and later processed to a soluble form (s-HB-EGF), although a significant amount of pro-HB-EGF remains uncleaved on the cell surface. To understand the roles of two forms of HB-EGF in promoting tumor growth, we have studied the effects of HB-EGF expression in the process of tumorigenesis using in vitro and in vivo systems. We demonstrate here that in EJ human bladder cancer cells containing a tetracycline-regulatable s-HB-EGF or pro-HB-EGF expression system, s-HB-EGF expression increased their transformed phenotypes, including growth rate, colony-forming ability, and activation of cyclin D1 promoter, as well as induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. Moreover, s-HB-EGF or wild-type HB-EGF induced the expression and activities of the metalloproteases, MMP-9 and MMP-3, leading to enhanced cell migration. In vivo studies also demonstrated that tumor cells expressing s-HB-EGF or wild-type HB-EGF significantly enhanced tumorigenic potential in athymic nude mice and exerted an angiogenic effect, increasing the density and size of tumor blood vessels. However, cells expressing solely pro-HB-EGF did not exhibit any significant tumorigenic potential. These findings establish s-HB-EGF as a potent inducer of tumor growth and angiogenesis and suggest that therapeutic intervention aimed at the inhibition of s-HB-EGF functions may be useful in cancer treatment.
Endogenous Production of Carbon Monoxide: The Human Body as a Cause of Air Pollution
Authors: STEPHEN A. LANDAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorial Notes1 June 1969Endogenous Production of Carbon Monoxide: The Human Body as a Cause of Air PollutionSTEPHEN A. LANDAW, M.D.STEPHEN A. LANDAW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-6-1275 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCarbon monoxide is known as a toxic gas arising from such man-made sources as automobile exhausts, fuel combustion, wood fires, cigarette smoke, and industry. It can produce asphyxia and death when present in the atmosphere in sufficient concentrations for a sufficient length of time. Recently we have become aware that exposure to carbon monoxide is commoner than had generally been appreciated and that in certain circumstances such exposure may be detrimental to human health (1). Recent observations concerning the effects of this gas on health will be presented in subsequent editorial notes in the ANNALS.An interesting facet of this...References1. GOLDSMITHLANDAW JRSA: Carbon monoxide and human health. Science 162: 1352, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SJÖSTRAND T: The formation of carbon monoxide by the decomposition of haemoglobin in vivo. Acta Physiol. Scand. 26: 338, 1952. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COBURNWILLIAMSFORSTER RFWJRE: Effect of erythrocyte destruction on carbon monoxide production in man. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 1098, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CALLAHANLANDAWSCHMID EWSAR: A non-bilirubin pathway for the degradation of heme in the liver (abstract). Clin. Res. 16: 280, 1968. Google Scholar5. WHITECOBURNWILLIAMSGOLDWEINROTHERSHAFER PRFWJMIMLBC: Carbon monoxide production associated with ineffective erythropoiesis. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 1986, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LANDAWWINCHELL SAHS: In vivo studies of RBC lifespan distribution using endogenous 14CO production (abstract). Clin. Res. 15: 106, 1967. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Donner Laboratory University of California Berkeley, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByWarehouse workers' headache: Emergency evaluation and management of 30 patients with carbon monoxide poisoningForensische ToxikologieSmoking Withdrawal ProgrammeElevated Carbon Monoxide Levels from Smoking in Blood Donors 1 June 1969Volume 70, Issue 6Page: 1275-1276KeywordsAir pollutionAsphyxiaAttentionCarbon monoxide Issue Published: 1 June 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Association of Thyroid Hormone Concentrations with Levels of Organochlorine Compounds in Cord Blood of Neonates
Authors: Johan Maervoet, Griet Vermeir, Adrian Covaci, Nicolas Van Larebeke, Gudrun Koppen, Greet Schoeters, Vera Nelen, Willy Baeyens, Paul Schepens, Maria K. Viaene
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Thyroid hormones are important regulators of brain development. During critical periods of development, even transient disorders in thyroid hormone availability may lead to profound neurologic impairment. Animal experiments have shown that certain environmental pollutants, including heavy metals and organochlorine compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins, can interfere with thyroid hormone homeostasis. Whether these contaminants can affect circulating levels of thyroid hormones in humans is unclear, however, because the results of available studies are inconsistent.The aim of the present study is to examine the possible relationships between concentrations of environmental pollutants and thyroid hormone levels in human umbilical cord blood.We measured concentrations of environmental pollutants [including selected PCBs, dioxin-like compounds, hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), cadmium, lead] and thyroid hormones in the cord blood of 198 neonates.A statistically significant inverse relationship between concentrations of organochlorine compounds and levels of both free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), but not thyroid-stimulating hormone, was observed. We found no association between concentrations of heavy metals and thyroid hormone levels.Our results suggest that environmental chemicals may affect the thyroid system of human neonates. Although the differences in fT3 and fT4 levels associated with the organochlorine compounds were within the normal range, the observed interferences may still have detrimental effects on the neurologic development of the individual children, given the importance of thyroid hormones in brain development.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSION AND BONE SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: G. R. HcDevitt, J. D. Heironimus, M. O. Toney, J. V. Billingsley, V. D. Pearson, H. W. Boykin, J. H. Timmons, M. F. Hartshorne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Flow Estimation by Indicator Dilution (Bolus Injection)
Authors: JAMES B. BASSINGTHWAIGHTE, THOMAS J. KNOPP, DENNIS U. ANDERSON
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Indicator dilution techniques used for the estimation of flow (F), mean transit time (t), dispersion (σ), and mean transit time volume (V) in the circulation are subject to error when (1) flow is not steady and (2) concentrations are obtained by sampling at a constant rate (time averaging) rather than at rates proportional to the instantaneous flow past the sampling site (volume averaging). Using a simple descriptive model for indicator transport, the effects of simulated aortic flow or of sinusoidal flow of widely variable frequency were assessed. Errors in estimates of F, t, σ, and V are greater with bolus injections than with constant-rate injections. Errors are roughly proportional to the amplitude of variation in flow. They are maximal when the period of flow fluctuation is similar to the passage time of the dilution curve, which, for the human central circulation, is about the time for one respiratory cycle. With sinusoidal flow between 50% and 150% of the mean flow, errors were at worst up to 60% in F, 30% in t, 50% in σ, and 70% in V, with a bimodal distribution. Errors are minimal at cardiac frequencies. The troublesome lower frequencies can be avoided. Preliminary tests of a method for converting time- to volume-averaged concentrations gave encouraging results.
Future of medicine lies in integration of disciplines, say Nobel laureates
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Medicine has become increasingly dependent on drugs generated through chemistry and diagnostics that rely on physics. This century will see further, accelerated entwining of those three disciplines, according to a panel of experts at the 60th Nobel laureate meeting last week in Lindau, Germany.

The boundaries of biology, chemistry, and physics are artificial ones, “concepts developed from our need to teach,” said Israeli Aaron Ciechanover. His work in elucidating the role of ubiquitin in degrading cellular proteins garnered the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2004.

“We have to change our model of work to work in teams,” …
Kaplan’s Cardiac Anesthesia: The Echo Era
Authors: Nate Kelly
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of acute chest wall sickle cell pain with nebulized morphine
Authors: Samir K. Ballas, Eugene R. Viscusi, Kenneth R. Epstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract This paper describes, for the first time, the utilization of nebulized morphine in the management of severe chest pain in two young adult African‐American patients who suffered from generalized acute sickle cell painful episodes. While hospitalized, both patients developed new sharp chest wall pain, and were treated with nebulized morphine started at 20 mg MOSO 4 in 3.0‐ to 5.0‐mL physiologic buffered saline solution. Within minutes, both patients reported significant relief of chest wall pain. Patient 1 achieved 90% pain relief as well as a significant decrease in the pain intensity score. Patient 2 reported 40% pain relief, and the pain intensity score decreased to a mean of 5.6/10. Hence, treatment every 6 hr was continued for 10 days, after which the chest wall pain subsided. These findings indicate that nebulized morphine may prove effective in the management of acute chest pain in patients with sickle cell anemia. This is a desirable alternative in patients with difficult venous access and may more specifically target chest pain. Am. J. Hematol. 76:190–191, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FIVE CASES OF REMOVAL OF THE JAW FOR TUMOR.Read in the Section of Dental and Oral Surgery, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The cases that form the subject of this paper have come under the observation of the writer in his service at the Mount Carmel Hospital within the past three years. Three had to do with the superior and the remaining two with the inferior maxilla. There were four females and one male. The youngest patient was twelve, the eldest fifty-five years of age. In conversation with the eminent surgeon, Mr. Thornley Stoker, of Dublin, last summer, it was learned that one of his patients for whom he had recently extirpated the upper jaw for sarcomatous disease was a woman eighty years old. A still more interesting fact was elicited: that she was discharged from the hospital cured in a fortnight. Cases of epithelioma beginning in the soft parts will not be herein considered. In this department of oral surgery we are confronted with certain facts at the outset: 1. Difficulty in
Radiological Investigations in Rheumatology
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Initra-articlular radioactive yttrium and triamcinolone hexacetonide: an inconclusive trial 623The participants are indebted to the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council for initiating this study and supporting the staff who carried out the analyses.
Cathepsin L Deficiency Reduces Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Knockout Mice
Authors: Shiro Kitamoto, Galina K. Sukhova, Jiusong Sun, Min Yang, Peter Libby, Victoria Love, Paurene Duramad, Chongxiu Sun, Yadong Zhang, Xiuwei Yang, Christoph Peters, Guo-Ping Shi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Remodeling of the arterial extracellular matrix participates importantly in atherogenesis and plaque complication. Increased expression of the elastinolytic and collagenolytic enzyme cathepsin L (Cat L) in human atherosclerotic lesions suggests its participation in these processes, a hypothesis tested here in mice. Methods and Results— We generated Cat L and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) double-deficient (LDLr −/− Cat L −/− ) mice by crossbreeding Cat L–null (Cat L −/− ) and LDLr-deficient (LDLr −/− ) mice. After 12 and 26 weeks of a Western diet, LDLr −/− Cat L −/− mice had significantly smaller atherosclerotic lesions and lipid cores compared with littermate control LDLr −/− Cat L +/− and LDLr −/− Cat L +/+ mice. In addition, lesions from the compound mutant mice showed significantly reduced levels of collagen, medial elastin degradation, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Mechanistic studies showed that Cat L contributes to the degradation of extracellular matrix elastin and collagen by aortic smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells from LDLr −/− Cat L −/− mice or those treated with a Cat L–selective inhibitor demonstrated significantly less degradation of elastin and collagen and delayed transmigration through elastin in vitro. Cat L deficiency also significantly impaired monocyte and T-lymphocyte transmigration through a collagen matrix in vitro, suggesting that blood-borne leukocyte penetration through the arterial basement membrane requires Cat L. Cysteine protease active site labeling demonstrated that Cat L deficiency did not affect the activity of other atherosclerosis-associated cathepsins in aortic smooth muscle cells and monocytes. Conclusions— Cat L directly participates in atherosclerosis by degrading elastin and collagen and regulates blood-borne leukocyte transmigration and lesion progression.
The Controversy about a Possible Relationship between Mobile Phone Use and Cancer
Authors: Michael Kundi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

ObjectiveDuring the last decade, mobile phone use increased to almost 100% prevalence in many countries of the world. Evidence for potential health hazards accumulated in parallel by epidemiologic investigations has raised controversies about the appropriate interpretation and the degree of bias and confounding responsible for reduced or increased risk estimates.Data SourcesOverall, I identified 33 epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature, most of which (25) were about brain tumors. Two groups have collected data for ≥ 10 years of mobile phone use: Hardell and colleagues from Sweden and the Interphone group, an international consortium from 13 countries coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.Data SynthesisCombined odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) from these studies for glioma, acoustic neuroma, and meningioma were 1.5 (1.2–1.8); 1.3 (0.95–1.9); and 1.1 (0.8–1.4), respectively.ConclusionsMethodologic considerations revealed that three important conditions for epidemiologic studies to detect an increased risk are not met: a ) no evidence-based exposure metric is available; b) the observed duration of mobile phone use is generally still too low; c) no evidence-based selection of end points among the grossly different types of neoplasias is possible because of lack of etiologic hypotheses. Concerning risk estimates, selection bias, misclassification bias, and effects of the disease on mobile phone use could have reduced estimates, and recall bias may have led to spuriously increased risks. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.