tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NMDA synapses can bias competition between object representations and mediate attentional selection
Authors: Antonino Raffone, Jaap M. J. Murre, Gezinus Wolters
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Phillips &amp; Silverstein emphasize the gain-control properties of NMDA synapses in cognitive coordination. We endorse their view and suggest that NMDA synapses play a crucial role in biased attentional competition and (visual) working memory. Our simulations show that NMDA synapses can control the storage rate of visual objects. We discuss specific predictions of our model about cognitive effects of NMDA-antagonists and schizophrenia.
Ventilatory function and winter fresh fruit consumption in a random sample of British adults.
Authors: D P Strachan, B D Cox, S W Erzinclioglu, D E Walters, M J Whichelow
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The relation between ventilatory function and the reported frequency of consumption of fresh fruit and fruit juice was studied among 1502 lifelong non-smokers and 1357 current smokers aged 18-69 with no history of chronic respiratory disease. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was assessed by turbine spirometry. As winter fruit consumption was more widely dispersed than summer consumption and few subjects ate fruit more frequently in the winter, winter fruit consumption was taken as an indicator of habitual (year round) consumption. After adjustment for sex, age, height, cigarette consumption, region of residence, and household socioeconomic group, FEV1 was associated with winter fruit consumption. The mean adjusted FEV1 among those who never drank fresh fruit juice and ate fresh fruit less than once a week during the winter was 78 ml lower (95% confidence interval 24-132 ml) than the mean for the other subjects. A similar difference was found in all age-sex groups and among both current smokers and lifelong non-smokers. Antioxidant and other actions of vitamin C may protect against pulmonary emphysema, or reduce bronchoconstrictor responses to environmental pollutants.
Effect of selective LRRK2 kinase inhibition on nonhuman primate lung
Authors: Reina N. Fuji, Michael Flagella, Miriam Baca, Marco A. S. Baptista, Jens Brodbeck, Bryan K. Chan, Brian K. Fiske, Lee Honigberg, Adrian M. Jubb, Paula Katavolos, Donna W. Lee, Sock-Cheng Lewin-Koh, Tori Lin, Xingrong Liu, Shannon Liu, Joseph P. Lyssikatos, Jennifer O’Mahony, Mike Reichelt, Merone Roose-Girma, Zejuan Sheng, Todd Sherer, Ashley Smith, Margaret Solon, Zachary K. Sweeney, Jacqueline Tarrant, Alison Urkowitz, Søren Warming, Murat Yaylaoglu, Shuo Zhang, Haitao Zhu, Anthony A. Estrada, Ryan J. Watts
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, under development for Parkinson’s disease, have an effect on type II pneumocytes in nonhuman primate lung, suggesting that pulmonary toxicity may be a critical safety liability.
AUTOSENSITIZATION REACTION IN VITRO
Authors: Hilary Koprowski, Mario V. Fernandes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Lymph node cells were obtained from an inbred strain of Lewis rats injected with guinea pig cord tissue in Freund's adjuvant. These cells, when added to tissue culture monolayers of puppy brain, aggregated on or around the glial elements. This reaction, called contactual agglutination, was followed by the specific destruction of glial cells, leaving cultures consisting only of fibroblasts. No such reaction was noted when lymph node cells obtained either from normal rats or those injected with adjuvant alone were used. Absorption of serum obtained from rats injected with guinea pig cord tissue by non-sensitized lymph node cells made them reactive in brain tissue culture. The contactual agglutination test seems to provide an opportunity for investigation of sensitization reaction in tissue culture systems.
Mallory body formation by ethanol feeding in drug-primed mice
Authors: Zhi-Qi Zhang-Gouillon, Qi-X. Yuan, Bing Hu, Norman Marceau, Barbara A. French, Karl Gaal, Yasuki Nagao, Y.-J. Yvonne Wan, Samuel W. French
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Drug-primed mice, created by a 5-month feeding of diethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC), followed by a 1-month withdrawal, were refed ethanol or isocaloric dextrose (control) diets intragastrically for 7 days. The formation of Mallory bodies (MBs) was monitored by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase microscopy using antibodies to cytokeratin and ubiquitin, and also by electron microscopy. The changes in cytokeratin 55 (CK55), ubiquitin conjugate, nuclear factor κB (NFκB) p65, NFκB p50, inhibitor κBα, c-myc, tumor necrosis factor α, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) contents were determined by Western blotting using appropriate antibodies. The messenger RNA (mRNA) for CYP2E1, cytokeratin, ubiquitin, hepatocyte growth factor activator, and tissue transglutaminase was quantitated. MBs were present at 5 to 7 days’ postfeeding with ethanol, but not with dextrose. They developed in clusters of “empty hepatocytes,” where the cytokeratin antibody failed to recognize the typical filament structures seen in normal hepatocytes. MBs were larger and more numerous in the subcapsular region. Northern blots showed that CK55 mRNA was decreased by the ethanol treatment, but protein levels were increased, suggesting a decreased turnover of the cytokeratin. Likewise, the increase in CYP2E1 protein in the face of a lack of an increase in mRNA for CYP2E1 could be explained by a decreased turnover of this cytochrome. This is the first report of MB formation induced by ethanol ingestion in an experimental model.
Is coronary thermodilution as accurate as doppler velocity for measuring coronary flow reserve?
Authors: William F. Fearon, Leora B. Balsam, H.M. Omar Farouque, Anthony D. Caffarelli, Robbert C. Robbins, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Alan C. Yeung, Paul G. Yock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
From the NIH
Authors: James N. Fordham
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Patients with disorders such as Cooley's anemia (severe β-thalassemia) or hereditary hemochromatosis have elevated levels of total body iron that must be treated. John Harris, MD, and Gary Brittenham, MD, at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, have developed a magnetic device that can noninvasively determine body iron content. The instrument, known as a superconducting quantuminterference device (SQUID) susceptometer, will allow earlier identification than is now possible of patients at risk of iron overload. This device is believed to be the only instrument of its kind in the world at present. Its developers have received grant support from the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Md, a part of the National Institutes of Health. The normal adult body contains about 4 g of iron, of which 3 g are involved in oxygen transport and storage. Approximately 1 g is in two specialized proteins,
Intracranial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis CT and Bone Marrow Scan Findings
Authors: MELTEM URMAN, RICHARD A. O??SULLIVAN, ROBERT A. NUGENT, BRIAN C. LENTLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

This case concerns a patient with intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) suspected on a CT scan and subsequently confirmed with ln-111 chloride and Tc-99m SC bone marrow scans. The bone marrow scans also provided additional information by demonstrating other sites of EH in the paravertebral tissues and bone marrow expansion into the distal extremities.
IMPACT OF ADMISSION BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL ON BLEEDING AND ISCHEMIC COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: ANALYSIS FROM THE HARMONIZING OUTCOMES WITH REVASCULARIZATION AND STENTS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TRIAL
Authors: OLAYINKA AFOLABI-BROWN, Eugenia Nikolsky, Roxana Mehran, LeRoy Rabbani, Martin Fahy, Selene Leon, Adriano Caixeta, Bruce R. Brodie, Dariusz Dudek, Martin Möckel, Andrzej Ochala, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 2179: Relationship between daily habits and risk of death in patients with biliary tract cancer: a large-scale cohort study in Japan
Authors: Shinji Otani, Youichi Kurozawa, Takenobu Hosoda, Haosheng Mu, Kazunari Onishi, Yae Yokoyama, Joji Watanabe, Teruhisa Sakamoto, Kanenori Endo, Masahide Ikeguchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective: Biliary tract cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in East Asia. Death due to this disease comprises 5% of total cancer deaths in Japan. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between biliary tract cancer and daily habits using data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education (JACC study). Methods: In the JACC study, a cohort of 110,792 subjects aged 40-79 from 19 prefectures in Japan completed the baseline survey during 1988-1990. The subjects were followed up until 2009. The endpoint for the present study was death due to biliary tract cancer, coded as C22.1 (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, CCC), C23 (malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder, GB cancer), and C24 (malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of the biliary tract, BD cancer) in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). The hazard ratio (HR) of biliary tract cancer mortality for smoking and drinking habits, high intake of fatty food, body mass index, and the job category (office job, field work, and others) was evaluated. All results were considered to be significant at the 5% critical level. Results: High intake of fatty food, smoking habit, and field work showed a significant positive association with death in female patients due to BD cancer in females [HR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.39; HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02-2.39; and HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.03-4.84, respectively]. No significant relationship was observed between daily habits and death due to CCC and GB cancer. Conclusion: High intake of fatty food is often a key factor in the risk of death due to biliary tract cancer, and it is well known that smoking can cause various other cancers. Our findings support the results of a previous research. Moreover, our results suggest that occupational differences may have an effect on mortality in female patients with biliary tract cancer. Therefore, a more detailed analysis of the job category is required for a more meaningful interpretation of the data. Citation Format: Shinji Otani, Youichi Kurozawa, Takenobu Hosoda, Haosheng Mu, Kazunari Onishi, Yae Yokoyama, Joji Watanabe, Teruhisa Sakamoto, Kanenori Endo, Masahide Ikeguchi. Relationship between daily habits and risk of death in patients with biliary tract cancer: a large-scale cohort study in Japan. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2179. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2179
Book Review Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Edited by Robert H. Brown, Jr., Vincent Meininger, and Michael Swash. 479 pp., illustrated. London, Martin Dunitz, 2000. (Distributed by Blackwell Science, Malden, Mass.) £75. 1-85317-421-1
Authors: Austin J. Sumner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
Cognitive Therapy by Allocation versus Cognitive Therapy by Preference in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
Authors: Abraham Bakker, Philip Spinhoven, Anton J.L.M. van Balkom, Liesbeth Vleugel, Richard van Dyck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Little is known about the influence of preference for a given therapy or preference against a modality of treatment on the outcome of that treatment. Results so far have been conflicting. The primary aim of this study was to investigate possible differences in outcome between panic disorder patients treated with preferred cognitive therapy and patients treated by randomization with the same intervention. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A 12-week study comparing 35 patients treated by allocation with 31 patients treated by preference. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There were no differences at pretest between the two conditions on demographic or outcome measures. Outcome was assessed with measurements rating the panic frequency and severity of agoraphobia, general anxiety and depression. Both conditions improved significantly on nearly all ratings. There were no significant differences demonstrable between the two conditions on any of the outcome measures. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Preference for a given therapy is not a powerful moderator of effect in the psychological treatment of panic disorder.
Leptin-promoted cilia assembly is critical for normal energy balance
Authors: Yu Mi Han, Gil Myoung Kang, Kyunghee Byun, Hyuk Wan Ko, Joon Kim, Mi-Seon Shin, Hyun-Kyong Kim, So Young Gil, Ji Hee Yu, Bonghee Lee, Min-Seon Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The majority of mammalian cells have nonmotile primary cilia on their surface that act as antenna-like sensory organelles. Genetic defects that result in ciliary dysfunction are associated with obesity in humans and rodents, which suggests that functional cilia are important for controlling energy balance. Here we demonstrated that neuronal cilia lengths were selectively reduced in hypothalami of obese mice with leptin deficiency and leptin resistance. Treatment of N1 hypothalamic neuron cells with leptin stimulated cilia assembly via inhibition of the tumor suppressors PTEN and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Induction of short cilia in the hypothalamus of adult mice increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure, leading to a positive energy balance. Moreover, mice with short hypothalamic cilia exhibited attenuated anorectic responses to leptin, insulin, and glucose, which indicates that leptin-induced cilia assembly is essential for sensing these satiety signals by hypothalamic neurons. These data suggest that leptin governs the sensitivity of hypothalamic neurons to metabolic signals by controlling the length of the cell’s antenna.
Federal Support of Health Manpower Education
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Reducing federal support for medical education, the central feature of government policy in this sphere over the past decade, is certain to continue this year as Congress moves to implement the new Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. Such a step would lead to further changes in the financing of medical education by forcing a greater reliance on state support, students' tuition, scholarships and loans, research dollars, patient care fees, and private philanthropy.Although the Reagan administration has championed the proposition that the federal government should withdraw from the subsidization of medical school training, Democrats have been . . .
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a Comorbidity with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Antonio Tundo, Loretta Salvati, Daniela Di Spigno, Luca Cieri, Anita Parena, Roberta Necci, Stefania Sciortino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)
Toll-like receptor 7 gene deficiency and early-life Pneumovirus infection interact to predispose toward the development of asthma-like pathology in mice
Authors: Gerard E. Kaiko, Zhixuan Loh, Kirsten Spann, Jason P. Lynch, Amit Lalwani, Zhenglong Zheng, Sophia Davidson, Satoshi Uematsu, Shizuo Akira, John Hayball, Kerrilyn R. Diener, Katherine J. Baines, Jodie L. Simpson, Paul S. Foster, Simon Phipps
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Critical design aspects involved in the study of Paneth cells and the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Michael T Shanahan, Ian M Carroll, Ajay S Gulati
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Paneth cells are long-lived secretory cells that reside in the base of the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine. They produce an arsenal of molecules that are involved in numerous biological processes, ranging from the control of gut microbial populations to supporting the intestinal stem cell niche. Because of these important functions, Paneth cell abnormalities are becoming implicated in a variety of disease processes. As such, it is necessary to establish parameters that will allow for the comprehensive study of Paneth cells in health and disease. In this addendum, we highlight critical design aspects involved in the study of Paneth cells and their downstream effects on the intestinal microbiota. The importance of this approach is demonstrated by our recent findings that Nod2 does not regulate mouse Paneth cell antimicrobial function, in contrast to previous reports. This work defines key issues to consider when studying Paneth cells in mouse systems.
Right Bundle-Branch Block and Left Anterior Fascicular Block (Left Anterior Hemiblock) Following Tricuspid Valve Replacement
Authors: V. ARAVINDAKSHAN, MARCELO V. ELIZARI, MAURICIO B. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Right bundle-branch block occurred in 42.8% and left anterior hemiblock in 35% of 14 patients after surgical replacement of the tricuspid valve. The combination of RBBB with left anterior hemiblock is caused by injury to the branching portion of the bundle of His or more likely, by a lesion involving the pseudobifurcation. This study provides further proof that left anterior hemiblock may be produced by a "central" lesion of the conduction system. An attempt was made to re-define the relationships of the bundle of His and bundle branches to the membranous septum and septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and to correlate the site of surgical injury with the type of conduction disturbances produced.
A PNEUMATIC SHIELD FOR OPERATIONS ON THE LUNG
Authors: W. WAYNE BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In thoracic surgery in man, positive or negative pressure devices are rarely essential. Either pleural cavity or even the anterior mediastinum may be invaded without, as a rule, a fatality from operation pneumothorax. It is a source of satisfaction, however, to have available an apparatus capable of almost instantly removing the condition of pneumothorax. In 1908<sup>1</sup>I devised an aspirating shield to be applied over the wound under such conditions. The present shield is modified by omitting the metal rim and glass window which interfered with accurate coaptation to the chest wall and substituting a simple inflated rubber rim in which is held a flexible celluloid window. The apparatus may be sterilized in the autoclave or in boiling water. A simple two-way cock connects the cavity of the shield at will with either the external air or a suitable vacuum tank. To overcome pneumothorax the shield is applied over the wound and the lever turned connecting the vacuum tank with the eavity of the shield until the lung
Glucose elevations alter bradykinin-stimulated intracellular calcium accumulation in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Galen M Pieper, Lynn Dondlinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Diabetes selectively injures receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated glucose concentrations on intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) signal transduction in response to stimulants of EDRF/nitric oxide release in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Methods: [Ca2+i] was measured in cell suspensions using Fura-2 and fluorescence spectroscopy while nitric oxide production was evaluated using radioimmunoassay of cGMP production. Results: After 24 h exposure to 25 mM glucose in Ham's F-12 media, the increase in endothelial cell [Ca2+i] in response to 100 nM bradykinin was attenuated by 40% while the response to ionomycin was unaltered. When RMPI medium was used, no reduction in response to bradykinin was observed at 25 mM glucose, but a significant reduction in [Ca2+i] signal was observed after exposure to 35 mM glucose for a similar time period. Defective [Ca2+i] signaling was also seen in cells using MEM medium. [Ca2+i] signal responses to ionomycin and NaF, a G-protein activator of extracellular calcium entry via calcium channels, were unaltered by elevated glucose exposure. The defect in [Ca2+i] signal was not mimicked by either mannose or sucrose, but was prevented by co-incubation with cytochalasin B to inhibit glucose uptake. Neither superoxide dismutase nor catalase nor the extracellular hydroxyl radical scavenger, mannitol, blocked the reduction in the bradykinin-induced increase of [Ca2+i] in elevated glucose-exposed cells; however, the reduction was completely blocked by the cell-permeable hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea. Bradykinin-stimulated (but not ionomycin-stimulated) cGMP production within endothelial cells or in RFL-6 detector cells was attenuated by elevated glucose exposure. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia may contribute to defective endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetes via an attenuated increase in Ca2+i signal transduction for the release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. This defect possibly arises as a consequence of hydroxyl radicals formed intracellularly.
Orally administered TGF-β is biologically active in the intestinal mucosa and enhances oral tolerance
Authors: Takashi Ando, Kyosuke Hatsushika, Masanori Wako, Tetsuro Ohba, Kensuke Koyama, Yuko Ohnuma, Ryohei Katoh, Hideoki Ogawa, Ko Okumura, Jian Luo, Tony Wyss-Coray, Atsuhito Nakao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
New Approaches to the Treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Deborah P. Merke
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A female patient, now 7 years 6 months old, had developed pubic hair at approximately 2 years of age. At 4 years of age she developed acne and was taken to a pediatrician. Findings on physical examination included a height of 109 cm (95th percentile), a weight of 17 kg (75th percentile), Tanner I breasts, Tanner II pubic hair, clitoromegaly (clitoral index of 49 mm<sup>2</sup>; normal,<sup>1</sup>&lt;35 mm<sup>2</sup>), posterior labial fusion, and acne. The bone age was advanced (6 years 10 months). Serum levels were as follows: 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 380 nmol/L (normal, &lt;2.7 nmol/L); androstenedione, 11.2 nmol/L (normal, &lt;1.7 nmol/L); testosterone, 1.4 nmol/L (0.40 ng/mL) (normal, &lt;1.0 nmol/L [&lt;0.29 ng/mL]); dehydroepiandrosterone, 7.6 nmol/L (normal, 0.6-2.1 nmol/L); and upright renin, 2.9 μg/L per hour (normal, 0.1-6.5 μg/L per hour). She was diagnosed as having congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency and began treatment with hydrocortisone
The Overdiagnosis of Lyme Disease-Reply
Authors: Allen C. Steere
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We did not ignore the clinical picture in diagnosing Lyme disease. On the contrary, the patients in our report were required to meet clinical criteria for one or more of the characteristic clinical manifestations of this disorder. We have never claimed that our serologic test for Lyme disease was "better" than those of other laboratories. However, based on the results of testing in our laboratory, 176 of the 180 patients (98%) who met clinical criteria for Lyme disease had serologic evidence of infection with<i>B burgdorferi</i>. Of the 452 patients who did not meet these criteria, none had a positive test result. Thus, in our study, there was a strong correlation between clinical diagnosis and serologic test results. Of the 180 patients with Lyme disease, only four (2%) met clinical criteria for late manifestations of the disorder but had no antibody response to<i>B burgdorferi</i>. Three of these