tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community-Based Health Care: Contradictions and Challenges
Authors: HOWARD WAITZKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Social contradictions, including uneven economic development and the private-public duality, make community-based provision of health care difficult. The unrestricted expansion of private medical centers has been criticized from several perspectives including inadequate coordination of services, high costs, and negative effects on urban housing and living conditions. Corporate and professional control over health policy, monopolization, and public subsidization foster expansion of private institutions. While private facilities enlarge, public health-care institutions deteriorate, close, or shift to private management. Many clients eligible for care at public hospitals do not receive adequate attention in the private sector. Despite their achievements, community clinics have problems that threaten their survival. The financial insecurity of community clinics is an inherent feature of the private-public duality that affects the entire health-care system. Community clinics and public hospitals offer a potential for broader organizing and empowerment.
MMP13, Birc2 (cIAP1), and Birc3 (cIAP2), Amplified on Chromosome 9, Collaborate with p53 Deficiency in Mouse Osteosarcoma Progression
Authors: Ou Ma, Wei-Wen Cai, Lars Zender, Tajhal Dayaram, Jianhe Shen, Alan J. Herron, Scott W. Lowe, Tsz-Kwong Man, Ching C. Lau, Lawrence A. Donehower
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Osteosarcoma is the primary malignant cancer of bone and particularly affects adolescents and young adults, causing debilitation and sometimes death. As a model for human osteosarcoma, we have been studying p53(+/-) mice, which develop osteosarcoma at high frequency. To discover genes that cooperate with p53 deficiency in osteosarcoma formation, we have integrated array comparative genomic hybridization, microarray expression analyses in mouse and human osteosarcomas, and functional assays. In this study, we found seven frequent regions of copy number gain and loss in the mouse p53(+/-) osteosarcomas but have focused on a recurrent amplification event on mouse chromosome 9A1. This amplicon is syntenic with a similar chromosome 11q22 amplicon identified in several human tumor types. Three genes on this amplicon, the matrix metalloproteinase gene MMP13 and the antiapoptotic genes Birc2 (cIAP1) and Birc3 (cIAP2), show elevated expression in mouse and human osteosarcomas. We developed a functional assay using clonal osteosarcoma cell lines transduced with lentiviral short hairpin RNA vectors to show that down-regulation of MMP13, Birc2, or Birc3 resulted in reduced tumor growth when transplanted into immunodeficient recipient mice. These experiments revealed that high MMP13 expression enhances osteosarcoma cell survival and that Birc2 and Birc3 also enhance cell survival but only in osteosarcoma cells with the chromosome 9A1 amplicon. We conclude that the antiapoptotic genes Birc2 and Birc3 are potential oncogenic drivers in the chromosome 9A1 amplicon.
T-lymphocyte populations in normal and coeliac small intestinal mucosa defined by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: D Jenkins, A Goodall, B B Scott
Journal: Gut (1986)

Counts of T-lymphocytes within surface and crypt epithelium and lamina propria of normal and coeliac small intestinal mucosa using an immunoperoxidase method are described and related statistically to changes in mucosal structure determined by quantitative histology. The use of multiple pan-T-lymphocyte and subset antibodies allowed comparison of marker patterns in normal and abnormal mucosa. Total numbers of surface epithelial T-lymphocytes and subtypes were not found to be increased in coeliac disease, but there was an increase in density per unit length of epithelium. Distinctive changes in expression of Leu 1, Leu 2, and Leu 5 by the surface epithelial T-lymphocytes suggest that, although their total numbers are not increased, these cells are not passively crowded but have an active role, possibly as committed cytotoxic lymphocytes. Natural killer cells do not appear to be a major population in normal or coeliac small intestinal mucosa.
Levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, soluble E‐selectin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and p75 in atopic children
Authors: M. P. Laan, H. Koning, M. R. M. Baert, A. P. Oranje, W. A. Buurman, H. F. J. Savelkoul, H. J. Neijens
Journal: Allergy (1998)

During inflammation, membrane expression of adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐receptors (TNF‐R) are increased, and soluble forms of these molecules are released. This study analyzed plasma levels ofsICAM‐1 and sE‐selectin as well as TNF‐γ, sTNF‐R55, and sTNF‐R75 in nonallergic (NAA) and allergic asthma patients (AA), atopic dermatitis patients (AD), and healthy children (HC) by ELISA. Plasma levels of sICAM‐1. sE‐selectin. and sTNF‐R, but not TNF‐γ, were detectable, but were not significantly different between the patient groups and healthy children. In the AA group, a significant correlation (r s 0.78, P=0.008) was found between sICAM‐1 and sE‐selectin levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between sTNF‐R55 and sTNF‐R75 levels in the AA group (r s =0.70, P=0.025) and in the AD group (r s =0.69, P=O.O27). In AD patients, a significant correlation was observed between sE‐selectin and the disease severity, as measured by the SCORAD index (r s =0.73. P=0.038). Our data demonstrate that plasma levels of sICAM‐1. sE‐selectin, TNF‐a, sTNF‐R55, and sTNF‐R75 were not different between atopic and nonatopic children during a stable phase of the disease. In AD patients, levels of sE‐selectin seemed to be related to clinical severity of the disease.
Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peers back proposal that a judge would need to approve cases of assisted dying
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The House of Lords has backed a proposal requiring the approval of a High Court judge before a doctor can help a terminally ill patient to die, in the event that the Assisted Dying Bill becomes law in the United Kingdom. 

Peers voted at the committee stage to accept amendments tabled by the independent peer David Pannick that would require a judge to be satisfied that a person asking for assisted suicide had made a “voluntary, clear, settled, and informed” decision to die.

The bill, based on the assisted suicide laws in the US state of Oregon and put forward as a private member’s bill by the …
Human platelet aggregation is initiated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro.
Authors: B S Schwartz, M C Monroe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Platelet consumption is a prominent feature of disseminated intravascular coagulation. We investigated whether monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) might play a role in platelet consumption associated with gram-negative septicemia. Human mononuclear cells exposed in vitro to lipopolysaccharide demonstrated parallel dose-dependent increases in PCA and ability to induce platelet aggregation. Induction of platelet aggregation required the generation of thrombin dependent on coagulation Factors VII, X, and II, and calcium. This is consistent with monocyte tissue factor initiating thrombin generation. A specific monoclonal antimonocyte antibody was used to identify monocytes via indirect immunofluorescence, and demonstrated that all monocytes were included in platelet aggregates. Mononuclear cells that did not express PCA did not induce platelet aggregation and monocytes were not surrounded by platelet clumps. These data suggest that monocytes induced to express tissue factor on their surface may be important mediators of endotoxin-induced platelet, as well as fibrinogen, consumption.
Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A. Bamji
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis SIR, The case report by Sheldon and Wood' is additional evidence of the need to run a full-scale trial of combination chemotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).The safety of such regimens is well established in Hodgkin's disease and other lymphoproliferative disorders, and it remains 'diffi-
Thailand: Trends in Medical Services
Authors: VISITH SITPRIJA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Abroad1 October 1976Thailand: Trends in Medical ServicesVISITH SITPRIJA, M.D., PH.D., F.A.C.P.VISITH SITPRIJA, M.D., PH.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-527 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHealth care is one of the pressing problems in Thailand, a country of 42 million people with only 5000 doctors. Half of the doctors are in the capital city of Bangkok and its suburbs, with its four million people; the other half are in provincial areas. Approximately 400 doctors are graduated yearly from the four medical schools. Because of the Western influence on the schools the trend of young doctors is toward clinical training for higher qualifications, either in Thailand or in Western countries. Very few want to go to the rural areas. This attitude has a great impact on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Chulalongkorn Hospital Medical School Bangkok Thailand PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeutrophil mobilization in lithium-induced neutrophilia 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 527-528KeywordsMedical servicesRural areas Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nitroprusside and regional vascular capacitance in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Authors: C Risöe, S Simonsen, K Rootwelt, S Sire, O A Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND This study investigates the effects of sodium nitroprusside on regional vascular capacitance in eight patients with severe congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV) and pulmonary hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Regional relative blood volumes in the splanchnic and pulmonary region were determined by equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy. Hepatic venous wedge pressure and the mean of pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were used to represent the distending pressures of the splanchnic and pulmonary capacitance vessels, respectively. The dose of sodium nitroprusside was increased stepwise until systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased below 50 mm Hg. This caused reductions in mean aortic pressure from 89 +/- 5 to 66 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.005), in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 31 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and in hepatic venous wedge pressure from 10.0 +/- 1.0 to 5.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). Intestinal blood volume increased by 26 +/- 7% (p less than 0.005), whereas hepatic blood volume decreased by 9 +/- 3% (p less than 0.02). Pulmonary blood volume was unchanged. Analysis of intestinal and pulmonary vascular pressure-volume relations showed larger or equal blood volumes contained at lower distending pressures, indicating that sodium nitroprusside reduced smooth muscle tone of the capacitance vessels in these regions. The reduction of hepatic blood volume was compatible with passive expulsion of blood subsequent to reduced venous pressure. There was no change in the count rate from the spleen. CONCLUSIONS Nitroprusside reduced venous pressure in patients with congestive heart failure by active relaxation of intestinal and pulmonary capacitance vessels. Hepatic vascular volume was probably reduced by a passive mechanism.
A Functional Receptor for B-Cell–Activating Factor Is Expressed on Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias
Authors: Reshmi Parameswaran, Markus Müschen, Yong-mi Kim, John Groffen, Nora Heisterkamp
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) arises by transformation of a progenitor (pre-B) cell. Cure rates in adults remain low and treatment is complicated by support provided by the microenvironment to the leukemic cells, indicating an urgent need to better understand the factors that promote their survival. B-cell–activating factor (BAFF) and its receptor BAFF-R are important for survival and growth of mature normal and malignant B cells but are not expressed on pre-B cells. Unexpectedly, all cells in the primary Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)–positive and Ph-negative ALL samples tested were positive for high BAFF-R cell surface expression. BAFF-R was fully competent to bind BAFF, and stimulation of the receptor activated both the classic and the noncanonical NF-κB pathways. Recombinant BAFF supported survival of the ALL cells in the absence of stroma, and it significantly attenuated the rate of apoptosis caused by exposure to nilotinib, a drug used therapeutically to treat Ph-positive ALLs. Surprisingly, BAFF mRNA and protein were also expressed in the same cells but BAFF was not shed into the medium. Our report is the first showing universal expression of BAFF-R by pre-B ALL cells and opens the possibility of blocking its function as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4346–56. ©2010 AACR.
MDCT Assessment of Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Complications
Authors: Rey P Vivo, Mahwash Kassi, Jerry D Estep, Arvind Bhimaraj, Barry H Trachtenberg, Carlos M Orrego, Matthias Loebe, Brian A Bruckner, Faisal Nabi, John J Mahmarian, William A Zoghbi, Su Min Chang
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
The Rosiglitazone Story — Lessons from an FDA Advisory Committee Meeting
Authors: Clifford J Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

On July 30, the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee of the FDA concluded that the use of rosiglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of myocardial ischemic events. Dr. Clifford Rosen reports.
Detection of enteroviral RNA in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and other human cardiac tissues.
Authors: L M Weiss, X F Liu, K L Chang, M E Billingham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Enteroviruses have been considered to be a possible cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We used a polymerase chain reaction methodology for the identification of enteroviral RNA in an attempt to provide evidence of a role for enteroviruses in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The methodology was shown to identify a wide variety of enteroviruses with a sensitivity up to 0.1-1 plaque-forming units/gram of tissue. 5 of 11 cases (45%) of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as 9 of 24 cases (38%) of a wide variety of other cardiac conditions (including normal heart), were positive for enteroviral nucleic acid sequences; all eight control cases of breast carcinoma tested were negative. These results suggest that both the normal and abnormal heart may represent a site of latent or low-grade persistent enteroviral infection, and that the mere presence of enteroviral nucleic acid sequences is not specifically associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Enteric Pathogens in Mexican Sauces of Popular Restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas
Authors: Javier A. Adachi, John J. Mathewson, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Charles D. Ericsson, Herbert L. DuPont
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: The transmission of traveler's diarrhea is primarily foodborne. Objective: To examine the level of microbial contamination of tabletop sauces found in Mexican-style restaurants. Design: Cross-sectional study of Mexican sauces. Setting: Mexican restaurants in Guadalajara, Mexico, and Houston, Texas, during the summer of 1998. Measurements: 71 sauces from Guadalajara and 25 sauces from Houston were examined. The number of sauces contaminated with Escherichia coli, the median number of E. coli colonies per gram of sauce, and enteropathogens were identified. Results: 47 of 71 sauces from Guadalajara were contaminated with E. coli versus 10 of 25 sauces from Houston (P = 0.03); the median number of E. coli colonies per gram of sauce was 1000 in the Guadalajara sauces versus 0.0 in the Houston sauces (P = 0.007). Among sauces from Guadalajara tested for diarrheogenic E. coli, 4 of 43 sauces contained enterotoxigenic E. coli and 14 of 32 contained enteroaggregative E. coli. Conclusions: Contamination with E. coli was common in samples of Mexican tabletop sauces from Guadalajara restaurants. These sauces commonly contained enteric pathogens.
Extending the Frontiers of Surgical Therapy for Hepatic Colorectal Metastases: Is There a Limit?
Authors: Vijay P. Khatri, Nicholas J. Petrelli, Jacques Belghiti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases, limited to the liver, has become the standard of care, and currently remains the only potentially curative therapy. Numerous single institutional reports have demonstrated long-term survival, and there are no other treatment options that have shown a survival plateau. However, curative resection is possible in less than 25% of patients with disease limited to the liver, which consequently translates into only 5% to 10% of the original group developing colorectal cancer. To increase the number of patients who could benefit from hepatic resection, the last decade has seen considerable effort directed towards the following areas, (1) refining prognostic factors that would improve patient selection, (2) advancements in surgical technique such as, use of intraoperative ultrasonography, controlling hemorrhage through use of vascular clamping techniques supplemented with low central venous pressure anesthesia, availability of novel devices for parenchymal transection, and controlled anatomic hepatectomy with Glissonian technique, and (3) novel approaches to permit curative hepatic resection such as, preoperative portal vein embolization for hypertrophy of future liver remnant and staged hepatic resection. This article reviews development of these innovative multidisciplinary modalities and the aggressive surgical approach that has been adopted to extend the frontiers of surgical therapy for colorectal hepatic metastases.
Outcome after cardiac arrest outside hospital
Authors: J. Engdahl
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 515)

Despite enormous efforts to improve survival during the past three decades, cardiac arrest outside hospital still makes a disproportionately large contribution to mortality in the Western world. 1 2 So far, the only really valuable interventions have been cardiopulmonary resuscitation, often provided by a bystander, and rapid defibrillation, which is useful if the patient presents with ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia when emergency medical services arrive. The deployment of automated external defibrillators in selected sites, to be used by (trained) laypersons, has been described as a way to achieve faster defibrillation and improved survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital. 3 Such plans may, however, result in limited success, given the current epidemiological developments.

In this issue (p 515) Pell and colleagues present a detailed breakdown of locations in Scotland where patients had cardiac arrests outside hospital over seven years and try to predict the …
Cases of Diphtheria
Authors: J. R. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1859)

vourable circumstances could not be more forcibly illustrated than by this case, in which the only channel for the direct supply of blood to the leg was, at any rate, seriously injured, and the principal vein broken off, leaving no channel for the return of blood, except the internal saphena vein; and yet where mortification was delayed until the establishment of the collateral circulation, and the deep parts retained their vitality throughout.II.
Patient With Malignant Paraganglioma Responding to the Multikinase Inhibitor Sunitinib Malate
Authors: Noah M. Hahn, Maria Reckova, Liang Cheng, Lee Ann Baldridge, Oscar W. Cummings, Christopher J. Sweeney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Noah M. Hahn, Maria Reckova, Liang Cheng, Lee Ann Baldridge, Oscar W. Cummings, and Christopher J. Sweeney
Hepatocellular carcinoma occurring after successful treatment of childhood cancer with high dose chemotherapy and radiation
Authors: T F Greten
Journal: Gut (2005)

In their excellent overview of currently available biologic compounds that are in use or under investigation for Crohn’s disease (CD), Sandborn and Faubion ( Gut 2004; 53 :1366–73) reconfirm the unique standing of infliximab. They also note the ongoing discussion concerning the increased occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients who received infliximab.

Recently, we followed a 61 year old patient with a 31 year history of relapsing CD. Initial treatment was with steroids but after 10 years a right sided hemicolectomy necessitated discontinuation of steroids. Five years before the present admission, the patient relapsed with multiple rectovesicular fistulas. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was absent in the histologic material. Because of a poor response to conventional treatment, including azathioprine (100–200 mg/day), infliximab was added 22 months before the current admission. Total infliximab …
Medical school uncorks alcoholism education
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

How do you get your medical students to want to deal with alcoholics? "I don't think we want them to<i>want</i>to deal with alcoholics," responds Trevor Price, MD, associate professor of psychiatry and assistant professor of medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH. "We don't ask them to love alcoholics or love the disease or want to be specialists in the area. What we want them to do is simply to approach it like any other disease." Price is director, and Jean Kinney, MSW, assistant professor of psychiatry, co-director of a four-year-old project that has sought to integrate alcoholism education into Dartmouth's medical school curriculum. The project was fueled by a grant of approximately $1 million from Operation Cork, an arm of The Kroc Foundation. The objective: a revised curriculum to serve as a model for other medical schools and to grow organically from the roots of expertise already present