tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reliability of quantification measures of actinic keratosis
Authors: S.C. Chen, N.D. Hill, E. Veledar, S.M. Swetter, M.A. Weinstock
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Enumerating actinic keratoses (AKs) is highly variable but important to standardize as new therapies are emerging. To assess the reliability of four different methods used to quantify AKs and to investigate whether a consensus meeting affects the reliability. This was a single‐blinded study of 12 experienced dermatologist raters counting AKs on the face and ears of nine subjects before and after a consensus meeting. Raters were recruited from investigators of a multicentre Veterans Affairs cooperative study. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) among raters for pre‐ and post‐consensus evaluations was the primary outcome measure. Of the four assessment methods, the 'total count' method had the greatest ICC for both pre‐ (0·18, P = 0·04) and post‐consensus (0·66, P = < 0·0001) assessments. Total count was also the only pre‐consensus ICC for which the null hypothesis of no association among assessments was rejected. Total AK count appears to be the most reliable measure of quantifying AKs on the face and ears. Educational consensus discussion prior to assessment improves reliability of this measure.
Bullous pemphigoid: a correlative study of autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes and dermo-epidermal deposits
Authors: M.A. GOMES, C. DAMBUYANT, J. THIVOLET, R. BUSSY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Twenty bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients were studied to establish any correlation between free anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and dermo-epidermal junction deposits. CIC levels were evaluated by 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The twenty patients were found to have IgG and/or C3 deposited in the BMZ. Eight of the twelve patients who had no free anti-BMZ antibodies displayed a positive in vivo C4 and/or CIq staining and high levels of CIC. Moreover, CIC were detected in only one patient with positive circulating free anti-BMZ antibodies. The presence of free anti-BMZ antibodies was generally found to correlate with the absence of cutaneous deposits of C1q and/or C4 and with negative CIC; on the other hand, the absence of free anti-BMZ antibodies was generally found to correlate with high levels of CIC and with deposits of C3 and CIq and/or C4. The absence of circulating free anti-BMZ antibodies in BP patients, could be explained by the formation of CIC. It is possible that BMZ antigens released from damaged tissue could combine with free antibodies and form complexes in the blood. The release could involve locally formed immune complexes. Elevated CIC levels were generally found to correlate with the presence of active disease.
Selective Potentiation of the Hypoxic Cytotoxicity of Tirapazamine by Its 1-<b> <i>N</i> </b>-Oxide Metabolite SR 4317
Authors: Bronwyn G. Siim, Frederik B. Pruijn, Joanna R. Sturman, Alison Hogg, Michael P. Hay, J. Martin Brown, William R. Wilson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tirapazamine (TPZ), a bioreductive drug with selective toxicity for hypoxic cells in tumors, is currently in Phase III clinical trials. It has been suggested to have a dual mechanism of action, both generating DNA radicals and oxidizing these radicals to form DNA breaks; whether the second (radical oxidation) step is rate-limiting in cells is not known. In this study we exploit the DNA radical oxidizing ability of the 1-N-oxide metabolite of TPZ, SR 4317, to address this question. SR 4317 at high, but nontoxic, concentrations potentiated the hypoxic (but not aerobic) cytotoxicity of TPZ in all four of the human tumor cell lines tested (HT29, SiHa, FaDu, and A549), thus providing a 2–3-fold increase in the hypoxic cytotoxicity ratio. In potentiating TPZ, SR 4317 was 20-fold more potent than the hypoxic cell radiosensitizers misonidazole and metronidazole but was less potent than misonidazole as a radiosensitizer, suggesting that the initial DNA radicals from TPZ and radiation are different. SR 4317 had favorable pharmacokinetic properties in CD-1 nude mice; coadministration with TPZ provided a large increase in the SR 4317 plasma concentrations relative to that for endogenous SR 4317 from TPZ. It also showed excellent extravascular transport properties in oxic and anoxic HT29 multicellular layers (diffusion coefficient 3 × 10−6 cm2s−1, with no metabolic consumption). Coadministration of SR 4317 (1 mmol/kg) with TPZ at a subtherapeutic dose (0.133 mmol/kg) significantly enhanced hypoxic cell killing in HT29 tumor xenografts without causing oxic cell killing, and the combination at its maximum tolerated dose was less toxic to hypoxic cells in the retina than was TPZ alone at its maximum tolerated dose. This study demonstrates that benzotriazine mono-N-oxides have potential use for improving the therapeutic utility of TPZ as a hypoxic cytotoxin in cancer treatment.
Alan Tawse Edwards
Authors: G. D. H. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

After being fast tracked through medical training and qualifying, Alan Tawse Edwards intended to follow a career in general medicine; he found his true forte in pathology, however, and dedicated his working life to providing a much respected service. He was one of the last serving general pathologists covering all of the pathology sub-specialities, eventually confining himself to and excelling …
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma: a new entity
Authors: E. WILSON JONES, R. CERIO, N.P. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

This is a report of a previously undescribed type of histiocytoma distinguished clinically by its occurrence as a solitary elevated nodule often with a vascular appearance and cytologically by the presence of large angulated epithelioid cells. Nineteen lesions from 11 women and eight men have been studied. The lower limb was the commonest site for the nodules. The mean age at presentation was 42 years (range 23-63). Only one lesion recurred after attempted removal. This lesion in the past may, have been mistaken for a Spitz naevus. Immunohistochemical findings mirror those of ordinary histiocytomas. In particular approximately 50% of the constituent cells label with a polyclonal antibody directed against factor XIIIa--an antibody that labels dermal fixed connective tissue cells (fibrocytes) and cells in ordinary histiocytoma, but not the cells of Spitz or common melanocytic naevi.
Renal Arteriography in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Morton A. Bosniak
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Patients who present with widespread metastatic disease of renal origin are frequently difficult diagnostic problems. This is particularly true if urinary tract abnormality is not obvious. In the diagnosis of these cases renal arteriography can be used as a substitute modality for a histopathologic biopsy and thereby negate the need for extensive and expensive diagnostic testing.
Posttranslational cleavage of proinsulin is blocked by a point mutation in familial hyperproinsulinemia.
Authors: Y Shibasaki, T Kawakami, Y Kanazawa, Y Akanuma, F Takaku
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Familial hyperproinsulinemia is characterized by the accumulation of proinsulin-like material (PLM) in the plasma of affected patients. This disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. The accumulation of PLM is thought to be due to the impaired conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Although PLM has been suggested to have an amino acid substitution, it has been impossible to locate and identify a substituted amino acid, due to the difficulty in isolating sufficient amounts of PLM from plasma samples. Therefore, we analyzed leukocyte DNA from one member of a proinsulinemic family, and we found a point mutation that changed guanine to adenine in the insulin gene. This transition implies that a substitution of histidine for arginine has occurred at amino acid position 65. Furthermore, it indicates that arginine at 65 is essential for the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which disease can be incurred: a heritable disorder can result from a posttranslational processing abnormality caused by a point mutation.
Treatment of Photoaging
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 45-year-old fair-skinned woman has noted increasing sallowness, roughness, fine wrinkles, and mottled hyperpigmentation on her face. She is bothered by these changes and is worried about the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. What treatments may minimize skin aging and lower the risk of skin cancer?
Endomicroscopie appliquée aux voies biliaires: résultats préliminaires d'une étude prospective comparantles biopsies optiques à l'histologie
Authors: F Caillol, C Pesenti, E Bories, G Monges, JR Delpero, M Giovannini
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: L'endomicroscopie confocale est une technique émergeante permettant la réalisation de véritables biopsies optiques au niveau du tube digestif. Le but de cette étude de phase 2 est l'évaluation des biopsies optiques des voies biliares avec les prélèvements histologiques endobiliaires et le résultat histologique définitif. L'étude doit inclure 50 patients. Nous présentons les résultats préliminaire chez 30 patients.
Van Gogh's Vision: Thujone Intoxication
Authors: Michael Albert-Puleo
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The theory of Thomas Courtney Lee, MD (1981;245:727), that Vincent Van Gogh's poetic vision may have been influenced by both epilepsy and its treatment with digitalis is interesting, for it points up the importance of considering a pharmacologic component to the artist's unique style. However, as the author readily admits, Van Gogh never had a condition diagnosed as epilepsy and is not known to have been prescribed digitalis. Yet it is well known that Van Gogh was a frequent imbiber of the psychoactive beverage absinthe. The absinthe drinker, such as the one painted by Manet in his painting of the same name, would experience exhaltation, auditory and visual hallucinations, and excitation, and with excessive abuse, unpleasant hallucinations, convulsions, paranoia, acute mania, headache, and hyperesthesia.<sup>1</sup>These effects, combined with Van Gogh's apparent mental illness, certainly played a part in the strange and wonderful visions the artist captured on
Universal generalization and universal inter-item confusability
Authors: Nick Chater, Paul M. B. Vitányi, Neil Stewart
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We argue that confusability between items should be distinguished from generalization between items. Shepard's data concern confusability, but the theories proposed by Shepard and by Tenenbaum &amp; Griffiths concern generalization, indicating a gap between theory and data. We consider the empirical and theoretical work involved in bridging this gap. [Shepard; Tenenbaum &amp; Griffiths]
Albuminuria with Convulsions
Authors: Wm. Dobie, J. Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1870)

The tenth and last case which I shall brin forward is that alluded to at the commencement of this paper; viz., simuated lupoid ulceration of the face.This young lady, a Miss -, about 27 or *8 year of age, residing n the suburbs, has been my patient, on and off, for two years, and has bajiled all my efforts to obtain a cure.Sometimes, after the simplest dressing.the sores will heal and remain sound for a week or two; at
β-Agonist Use and Death from Asthma
Authors: Neil Pearce
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with interest the meta-analysis of Mullen et al<sup>1</sup>of case-control studies of β-agonists and asthma death, and we are in agreement with its methodology and general conclusions. The meta-analysis shows that the results of Spitzer et al<sup>2</sup>are significantly different from those reported by all other researchers, whereas the finding of our New Zealand case-control studies<sup>3-5</sup>are consistent with those of other researchers.<sup>6,7</sup>Mullen et al<sup>1</sup>suggest that the findings of Spitzer et al<sup>2</sup>may be different because they focused on an older age-group. An alternative explanation is that the findings of Spitzer et al<sup>2</sup>are inconsistent because of methodological flaws in the study. Their study was based on patients who had received 10 or more prescriptions for one or more asthma drugs during a 10-year period, and patient medication was then assessed for the previous 12 months
Core–shell NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@FexOy nanocrystals for dual-modality T2-enhanced magnetic resonance and NIR-to-NIR upconversion luminescent imaging of small-animal lymphatic node
Authors: Ao Xia, Yuan Gao, Jing Zhou, Chunyan Li, Tianshe Yang, Dongmei Wu, Limin Wu, Fuyou Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Special Olympic Games for the mentally handicapped--United Kingdom 1989.
Authors: H E Robson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

The games took place in the City of Leicester in August 1989. Over 1500 mentally handicapped competitors took part, many of whom had severe physical handicaps as well. There were 14 different classes of competition, held in seven separate venues, as well as ceremonies and recreational activities. A medical team of over 100 doctors, nurses and physiotherapists, mostly part-time volunteers, was formed to service the seven medical posts. As it may be of interest to doctors and others involved in any such games in the future, details are given of conditions recorded in pre-games medical examinations, of injuries and other medical conditions treated by the medical team, and some details of the administration and equipping of the medical services. Although the main responsibility of the medical team was to the competitors, many coaches, officials, escorts and a few spectators were also treated.
Abstract 596: ABCG2 is upregulated in SN-38 resistant colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tara L. Costich, Kevin Sill, Jonathan Rios-Doria
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Irinotecan, a member of the camptothecin chemotherapeutic drug family, is a first and second line therapy for patients with colorectal cancer. However, as with most chemotherapeutic therapies, patients’ tumors eventually develop drug resistance. Therefore, identifying mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance will allow for the development of additional molecular therapeutic targets. In this study SN-38, the highly insoluble active metabolite of irinotecan, was used to investigate corollary resistance to irinotecan. SN-38 resistant HT-29 cells were generated and compared to parental untreated HT-29 cells. Cells were characterized following treatment with either DMSO soulubilized SN-38 or IVECT encapsulated SN-38, a triblock copolymer micelle, in aqueous solution. The ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporter protein, ABCG2, was found to have more than 40-fold expression in the SN-38 resistant HT-29 cells compared to the parental line. The increased expression of ABCG2 protein correlated with increased resistance to SN-38 in HT-29 cells and also with increased cell efflux. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that SN-38 resistant HT-29 cells were affected in a similar manner by IVECT polymer encapsulated SN-38 micelles and DMSO dissolved free SN-38. Cell cycle analysis showed that SN-38 resistant cells had an abrogated S phase arrest compared to parental cells. Cell treatment with free SN-38 was limited by its solubility in addition to DMSO toxicity. Further, IVECT polymer encapsulation improved SN-38 aqueous solubility allowing for increased concentration administration. Efflux proteins such as ABCG2 have been found to be upregulated in numerous types of cancers by several classes of chemotherapeutic drugs. Since transporter proteins have an important role in cell efflux, ABCG2 overexpression could serve as an additional target for pharmacological modulation. Finally, the increased solubility of SN-38 by IVECT polymer encapsulation allows for potential in vivo clinical applications of SN-38, a molecule that is 1000 times more active than its prodrug irinotecan. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-596
Abnormal Lactation Associated with Tranquilizing Drug Therapy
Authors: Joseph H. Hooper
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE ASSOCIATION of abnormal lactation in patients receiving reserpine, chlorpromazine, or trimerazine tartrate (Temaril) medication is not an unknown phenomenon, but in the American literature, though referred to in general, it appears sparsely documented in most cases.<sup>1-3</sup>This fact was emphasized by Somlyo and Waye<sup>4</sup>in their article on abnormal lactation with the report of one case. Since occasional cases were noted by the doctors on our psychiatric staff and sometimes observed in the surgical evaluation of female neuropsychiatric patients, it was decided that a more detailed examination of this phenomenon would be helpful. <h3>Method</h3> One hundred female neuropsychiatric patients on the wards at the Perry Point Veterans Administration Hospital were studied. Their ages ranged from 28 years to 79 years with an average of 43.5 years. They were questioned with regard to length of hospitalization, menstrual cycle, and the history of discharge from the breast. After the
How informatics tools help deal with patients' problems
Authors: Frank Sullivan, Jeremy C Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

During the everyday general practice consultation described in the box opposite, the common and rare collide.A problem that may have been a routine matter becomes one of enormous importance to the doctor and the patient.At least seven problems should be dealt with during the consultation.This article, which follows on from the initial contact between Dr McKay and Ms Smith described in the first article of the series (BMJ 2005;331:566-8), explains how a range of solutions may be presented to doctors during the consultation to augment their decision making processes.
Psychological differences between early- and late-onset psoriasis: a study of personality traits, anxiety and depression in psoriasis
Authors: C. Remröd, K. Sjöström, Å. Svensson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Psychological differences between early‐ and late‐onset psoriasis: a study of personality traits, anxiety and depression in psoriasis Get access C. Remröd, C. Remröd Department of Dermatology University of Lund Scania University Hospital Jan Waldenströmsg. 16 S‐205 02 Malmö Sweden Correspondence Charlotta Remröd. E‐mail: charlotta.remrod@med.lu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Sjöström, K. Sjöström Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Lund Scania University Hospital Jan Waldenströmsg. 16 S‐205 02 Malmö Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Å. Svensson Å. Svensson Department of Dermatology University of Lund Scania University Hospital Jan Waldenströmsg. 16 S‐205 02 Malmö Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 2, 1 August 2013, Pages 344–350, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12371 Published: 01 August 2013
Japanese Ethnicity Compared with Caucasian Ethnicity and Never-Smoking Status Are Independent Favorable Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Collaborative Epidemiologic Study of the National Hospital Organization Study Group for Lung Cancer (NHSGLC) in Japan and a Southern California Regional Cancer Registry Databases
Authors: Tomoya Kawaguchi, Akihide Matsumura, Shimao Fukai, Atsuhisa Tamura, Ryusei Saito, Jason A. Zell, Yosihito Maruyama, Argyrios Ziogas, Masaaki Kawahara, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
The Management of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Marshall has put between covers the generally accepted ideas concerning the diagnosis and management of the atherosclerotic forms of cerebral vascular disease. He has provided us with 340 references, some 40 of which are new since the last edition in 1968. In the past, it was a bargain at $10.00, but now that the price is $25, the question of value becomes a more important consideration. He has added two new chapters; one on cerebral blood flow and the other on epidemiology, both short and informative but neither of which provides material particularly relevant to the management of cerebrovascular disorders. The material on stroke in evolution, transient ischemic attacks, carotid stenosis and occlusion, and anticoagulant and other therapy is authoritative and concise. On the other hand, there are some surprising omissions; for example, there is no consideration of cranial arteritis, fibromuscular hyperplasia, or trauma to the extracranial portions of the
Plasma and sputum erythromycin concentrations in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: G E Marlin, P R Davis, J Rutland, N Berend
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Plasma and sputum concentrations of erythromycin were measured in 10 patients with chronic bronchitis during an eight-day course of a new formulation of erythromycin stearate. The plasma erythromycin levels compared favourably with the minimal inhibitory concentrations for common respiratory pathogens and indicated adequate gastrointestinal absorption when the drug was taken immediately before food. Sputum erythromycin levels were variable and in some patients low or undetectable. Measurable sputum erythromycin levels were approximately 10% of plasma levels with no evidence of accumulation and were of similar order of magnitude to the minimal inhibitory concentrations for common respiratory pathogens except Haemophilus influenzae. There was no correlation between sputum and plasma erythromycin levels. There was a trend for higher erythromycin levels in sputum containing increasing amounts of pus and also when plasma levels increased.
Serial Echocardiography Using Tissue Doppler and Speckle Tracking Imaging to Monitor Right Ventricular Failure Before and After Left Ventricular Assist Device Surgery
Authors: Tomoko Sugiyama Kato, Jeffrey Jiang, Paul Christian Schulze, Ulrich Jorde, Nir Uriel, Shuichi Kitada, Hiroo Takayama, Yoshifumi Naka, Donna Mancini, Linda Gillam, Shunichi Homma, Maryjane Farr
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
The Role of the High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor SR-BI in the Lipid Metabolism of Endocrine and Other Tissues
Authors: Attilio Rigotti, Helena E. Miettinen, Monty Krieger
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2003)

Because cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones, steroidogenic tissues have evolved multiple pathways to ensure adequate supplies of cholesterol. These include synthesis, storage as cholesteryl esters, and import from lipoproteins. In addition to endocytosis via members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily, steroidogenic cells acquire cholesterol from lipoproteins by selective lipid uptake. This pathway, which does not involve lysosomal degradation of the lipoprotein, is mediated by the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). SR-BI is highly expressed in steroidogenic cells, where its expression is regulated by various trophic hormones, as well as in the liver. Studies of genetically manipulated strains of mice have established that SR-BI plays a key role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol transport to steroidogenic tissues and to the liver for biliary secretion. In addition, analysis of SR-BI-deficient mice has shown that SR-BI expression is important for α-tocopherol and nitric oxide metabolism, as well as normal red blood cell maturation and female fertility. These mouse models have also revealed that SR-BI can protect against atherosclerosis. If SR-BI plays similar physiological and pathophysiological roles in humans, it may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular and reproductive diseases.