tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of zinc and cadmium on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in isolated bovine liver nuclei.
Authors: R D Lohmann, D Beyersmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Isolated nuclei from mammalian cells contain a calcium-dependent endonuclease. The produced DNA fragmentation is a necessary step in the sequence of events resulting in apoptosis (programmed cell death). We report here that zinc and cadmium inhibit the calcium-dependent endonuclease. The essential metal ion zinc may counterbalance the calcium-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to zinc, cadmium alone stimulates the endonuclease by replacing calcium. Thus cadmium exerts a dual effect: micromolar concentrations inhibit the apoptotic endonuclease in the presence but activate the enzyme in the absence of calcium.
Charcot would have approved
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving the doctor-patient relationship in chronic illnessCollaborative management of chronic illness is undermined by neglect of emotional and psychological factors in both the patient and the doctor, argue Campbell and McGauley (p 667).They highlight the gap between the importance of the rising number of chronic diseases and the relatively inadequate attention to the effect of managing chronic illness on the doctor and how this manifests in the therapeutic relationship.Drawing on their work in a high secure psychiatric hospital, they suggest how the gap can be addressed in medical education.
Pediatric Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Charles A. Gooding
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Long awaited, this compendium of current thought in a rapidly developing area of medicine represents the eminently successful, unified effort of three distinguished editors, 85 renowned contributors, and a dedicated publishing house. The introductory chapters offer the basic considerations regarding injection of ionizing radiation into children. These chapters include radiobiology, dose calculation, instrumentation, and choice of appropriate radiopharmaceutical agents in a pediatric population. The clinical chapters are presented in traditional organ-oriented fashion and cover brain, cerebrospinal fluid, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, bone, and the hematopoietic and endocrine systems. Additional chapters are devoted to discussions of malignant disease, in vitro testing, and correlation with other imaging modalities. Explored in depth is the crucial question, to what extent radionuclides should be used in diagnosing diseases in children. Usually in nuclear medicine procedures, whole body doses are considerably greater than in plain radiographic examinations. However, very little direct information is available that
Noninvasive,<i>in vivo</i>assessment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: M. Agozzino, P. Bhasne, C. Franceschini, G. Vincenza, C. Catricalà, M. Ardigò
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises from precursor lesions (leucoplakia) or on pre‐existing inflammatory conditions (such as lichen planus). Precursors are often indistinguishable from early OSCC because both may present clinically as whitish, hypertrophic plaques. Early diagnosis and adequate management decreases recurrences and improves patient prognosis.1 2 An increased incidence of oral cancers among younger people has been reported in recent years.3 4 Surgical biopsy and histological examination remain the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is mandatory to select the correct sampling site in order to avoid multiple biopsies and minimize inconclusive histological reports. For this purpose, noninvasive techniques like tissue autofluorescence, toluidine blue, and Lugol's iodine vital staining are still being used, but lack specificity.5 6 7 Recently, in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a noninvasive technique for real‐time imaging, has been used to describe the microscopic features of oral normal mucosa8 9 and carcinoma, the last using an experimental confocal microscope.10
Access to Health Care and Preventable Hospitalizations
Authors: John J. Frey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the article by Dr Bindman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>it was unsettling to see the authors state that "[a]ccess to care was inversely associated with the hospitalization rates for the five chronic conditions." This is not because their data are incompatible with many of our experiences, but because they echo the landmark article by Hart<sup>2</sup>published 24 years ago in which he first used the term "inverse care law." Hart showed, via analyses of the burdens of illness in regions of Great Britain with variations of social class and variations of physician quality, that "the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served." At the time, Hart's "law" stirred many in the National Health Service to address inequities in quality and access for the working class and the poor in both urban and rural areas of
Erratum to: Optic nerve sheath diameter on computed tomography is correlated with simultaneously measured intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mypinder S. Sekhon, Donald E. Griesdale, Chiara Robba, Nick McGlashan, Edward Needham, Katherine Walland, Alyssa C. Shook, Peter Smielewski, Marek Czosnyka, Arun K. Gupta, David K. Menon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Linear Darier disease with herpes zoster superinfection treated successfully by brivudine
Authors: S. Abraham, A. Jones, L. Toutous-Trellu, K. Kerl-Bullani, P. Chavaz, J.-H. Saurat, V. Piguet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

We report the case of a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient presenting linear Darier disease with varicella-zoster virus superinfection following the lines of Blaschko. The lesions healed after treatment with brivudine.
Health and ecological sustainability in the Arab world: a matter of survival
Authors: Abbas El-Zein, Samer Jabbour, Belgin Tekce, Huda Zurayk, Iman Nuwayhid, Marwan Khawaja, Tariq Tell, Yusuf Al Mooji, Jocelyn De-Jong, Nasser Yassin, Dennis Hogan
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
A Resident's View of Medical Ethics
Authors: Jeffrey T. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 November 1991A Resident's View of Medical EthicsJeffrey T. Berger, MDJeffrey T. Berger, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-9-750 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In my experience as a resident, medical ethics is underemphasized in physician training. Once clinical training begins, there is essentially no guidance in dealing with ethical dilemmas. We stumble through these issues as they arise, often dealing with them by choosing not to deal with them. The simplest route (often perceived as the safest) is to do everything to and for everyone. Occasionally we are instructed to perform "slow codes" on the most hopeless of patients. The misapplication of medical therapy in these settings is not a result of poor medical judgment but of physician discomfort with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffrey T. Berger, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCommunication barriers between attending physicians and residents 1 November 1991Volume 115, Issue 9Page: 750-750KeywordsMedical ethics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ursodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate inhibit cholangiocyte growth and secretion of BDL rats through activation of PKC alpha
Authors: Gianfranco Alpini, Leonardo Baiocchi, Shannon Glaser, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Marco Marzioni, Heather Francis, Jo Lynne Phinizy, Mario Angelico, Gene LeSage
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Accumulating bile acids (BA) trigger cholangiocyte proliferation in chronic cholestasis. The aim of this study was to determine if ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) or tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) chronic feeding prevents the increased cholangiocyte growth and secretion in bile duct–ligated (BDL) rats, if UDCA and TUDCA effects are associated with increased cholangiocyte apoptosis, and to determine if this inhibition is dependent on increased intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha. Immediately after BDL, rats were fed UDCA or TUDCA (both 275 μmol/d) for 1 week. We determined the number of bile ducts in liver sections, cholangiocyte proliferation (by measurement of H3 histone and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen in isolated cholangiocytes), and ductal secretion. In purified cholangiocytes from 1-week BDL rats, we evaluated if UDCA and TUDCA directly inhibit cholangiocyte proliferation and secretin-stimulated adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate levels. We determined if UDCA and TUDCA activate PKC, increase [Ca2+]i, and alter the apical BA transporter (ABAT) expression in cholangiocytes. UDCA and TUDCA inhibited in vivo the cholangiocyte proliferation, secretion, and ABAT expression. In vitro UDCA and TUDCA inhibition of cholangiocyte growth and secretion required increased [Ca2+]i and PKC alpha. In conclusion, activation of Ca2+-dependent PKC alpha is required for UDCA and TUDCA inhibition of cholangiocyte growth and secretion. Reduced cholangiocyte ABAT may decrease endogenous BA stimulation of cholangiocyte growth and secretion.
The role of cerebral amyloid β accumulation in common forms of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Sam Gandy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

For approximately 80 years following Alzheimer's description of the disease that bears his name, a gulf divided researchers who believed that extracellular deposits of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide were pathogenic from those who believed that the deposits were secondary detritus. Since 1990, the discoveries of missense mutations in the Aβ peptide precursor (APP) and the APP-cleaving enzyme presenilin 1 (PS1) have enabled much progress in understanding the molecular, cellular, and tissue pathology of the aggregates that accumulate in the interstices of the brains of patients with autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer disease (AD). Clarification of the molecular basis of common forms of AD has been more elusive. The central questions in common AD focus on whether cerebral and cerebrovascular Aβ accumulation is (a) a final neurotoxic pathway, common to all forms of AD; (b) a toxic by-product of an independent primary metabolic lesion that, by itself, is also neurotoxic; or (c) an inert by-product of an independent primary neurotoxic reaction. Antiamyloid medications are entering clinical trials so that researchers can evaluate whether abolition of cerebral amyloidosis can mitigate, treat, or prevent the dementia associated with common forms of AD. Successful development of antiamyloid medications is critical for elucidating the role of Aβ in common AD.
Infection of human T lymphotropic virus-I-specific immune T cell clones by human T lymphotropic virus-I.
Authors: H Mitsuya, R F Jarrett, J Cossman, O J Cohen, C S Kao, H G Guo, M S Reitz, S Broder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-specific T cell lines were established and cloned. K5, an OKT8+ clone bearing multiple proviral integration sites, retained its HTLV-I-specific cytotoxicity and a normal dependence on interleukin 2 (IL-2), indicating that there is a finite number of transforming integration sites. R2, an OKT4+ HTLV-I-infected clone, initially mounted a proliferative response to HTLV-I; but then its IL-2-independent proliferation increased and the antigen specificity was lost. All HTLV-I-infected clones tested including K7, another OKT8+ transformed cytotoxic clone that had lost its reactivity, expressed comparable levels of T cell receptor beta-chain (TCR-beta) messenger (m)RNA. Although clones K5 and K7 had different functional properties, they had the same rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene, suggesting that they had the same clonal origin. These data indicate that HTLV-I-specific T cells retain their immune reactivity for variable periods of time following infection, but then usually lose it; in some cases, however, no alteration in function can be detected. The data also suggest that different consequences can take place in the same clone depending on the pattern of retroviral infection.
House Staff Pregnancy in Internal Medicine Residencies
Authors: M. ANDREW GREGANTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 January 1985House Staff Pregnancy in Internal Medicine ResidenciesM. ANDREW GREGANTI, M.D., SUZANNE W. FLETCHER, M.D.M. ANDREW GREGANTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUZANNE W. FLETCHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-123 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe percentage of women in internal medicine residency training programs in the United States has increased greatly during the past 10 years. About 30% of women graduating from medical school select internal medicine residencies (more than any other specialty), and 23% of the internal medicine residents in the United States are women (1, 2). Residency program directors, for the first time, are being confronted with issues that were easier to ignore when the number of women in these programs was smaller. Among the most important issues is how should an internal medicine residency training program adjust schedules to accommodate pregnancy...References1. WEISMANLEVINESTEINWACHSCHASE CDDG. Male and female physician career patterns: specialty choices and graduate training. J Med Educ. 1980;55:813-25. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. CROWLEY A. Summary statistics on graduate medical education in the United States. JAMA. 1984;252:1545-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Policies and Procedures. Philadelphia: American Board of Internal Medicine; July 1984:4-10. Google Scholar4. MATHIS J. Physician-physician marriages. Med Aspects Hum Sex. 1984;18:185-96. Google Scholar5. BRASLOWHEINS JM. Women in medical education: a decade of change. N Engl J Med. 1981;304:1129-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HIGGINSJOLLY EH. Participation of Women and Minorities on U.S. Medical School Faculties. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Medical Colleges; 1982:16. Google Scholar7. . Maternity Leave for Residents. Chicago: American Medical Association; 1984:1-21. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPregnancy and Parental Leave During Graduate Medical EducationCharacteristics of pregnant vs. non-pregnant women physicians: findings from the women physicians’ health studyFemale health workers: an obstetric risk groupWomen and the future of academic pediatricsStress Prevention and ManagementWomen in Academic MedicineThe role of gender in an obstetrics and gynecology residency programStress in residencyPregnancy during Residency 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 123-125KeywordsPregnancyResidency Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A NOTE ON PROTO-DUODENITIS
Authors: J. S. K. Smith, A. Tom
Journal: BMJ (1933)

J OU-RIAL 2. Ease.-No complicated apparatus is necessary- nothing, in fact, beyond the Thomas splint, three straight metal splints, strapping extensions, wool, and bandages.3. Freedom from Tragedies.-Innone of these cases were there any tragedies, such as stiffness of the knee, want of alignment, necrosis of bone, or non-union-occurrences which, unfortunately, are by no means unknown when skeletal traction is used.4. Results.-Agood result is almost certain to follow the intelligent use of this splint.
Leaving Saint Margaret's
Authors: A. M. Juster
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
METHOD OF CLEANSING BLOOD PIPETTES.
Authors: M. BENMOSCHE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The following simple method is submitted with the hope that it may be of service to others doing blood work, as it has been to me. Thoroughly cleansing the capillary pipettes after use is a very important feature in blood work. The usual method of blowing through a rubber tube is very trying to the buccal muscles. The use of an ordinary camera bulb, rubber being more pliable and durable, solved the problem. Expulsion of the contents, cleaning and suction of the ethereal vapor by this means is much easier, quicker and more thorough. The bulb must fit the tube (pipette) snugly. Usually rubber tubing is connected with the camera bulb. This must be removed, using merely the bulb. I have found this method very convenient, particularly in the expulsion of the contents from
Developing a Prognostic Model for Traumatic Brain Injury—A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Neil H Young, Peter J. D Andrews
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The annual incidence of TBI in the United States has been estimated at between 180 and 250 per 100,000 population per year [1]. TBI is the cause of one third to one half of all trauma deaths, and the leading cause of disability in people under 40, severely disabling 15 to 20 per 100,000 population per year [2]. Injuries, including TBI, are projected to account for 20% of the worldwide burden of death and disability by 2020 [3].

Research into new therapies for TBI has been disappointing. At least 21 multi-centre clinical trials have been conducted since 1985, none of which have shown a convincing benefit in the treatment of TBI [4]. Clinical trials into TBI provide significant challenges: trauma is a neglected research topic worldwide, consent in unconscious patients requires careful ethical consideration, and the injuries are very heterogeneous in terms of mechanism and pathology [4,5].
899. Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion from an Engineered Human Liver Cell Line Is Regulated by ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels and the L-Type Calcium Channel
Authors: Ann M. Simpson, Edwin Ch'ng, Guo J. Liu, Chang Tao, Donald K. Martin, Mark Lutherborrow, Bernard E. Tuch
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: One approach to the treatment of Type 1 diabetes is the creation of an 'artificial beta cell'. The stable transfection of insulin cDNA into the human liver cell line Huh7 resulted in synthesis, storage and regulated release of insulin to a glucose stimulus (Huh7ins cells). The aim of the present study was to determine if Huh7ins cells respond to glucose via activation of ATP-sensitve potassium channels (KATP) and voltage-gated calcium channels, as is the case with pancreatic beta cells.
Histamine-induced venodilation in human beings involves both H1 and H2 receptor subtypes
Authors: William D. Dachman, Gabriella Bedarida, Terrence F. Blaschke, Brian B. Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1994)

Histamine is a potent vasodilatory substance released during anaphylaxis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which histamine produces venodilation in humans in vivo with the use of the dorsal hand–vein compliance technique. In healthy volunteers full dose-response curves were constructed by infusing histamine, before and after administration of an H1 or H2 antagonist or both antagonists, into dorsal hand veins preconstricted with the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. In the presence of the H1 antagonist brompheniramine (530 ng/min), the maximal venodilatory response to histamine decreased from 128% ± 57% to 78% ± 15% (p < 0.05). In the presence of H2 antagonist cimetidine (49 μg/min), the maximal venodilatory response to histamine decreased from 120% ± 33% to 48% ± 26% (p < 0.01). Concurrent infusion of histamine with the combination of cimetidine and diphenhydramine resulted in almost complete abolishment of histamine-induced venodilation. Methylene blue (6.8 μg/min), an inhibitor of the action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, decreased the vasodilatory response to histamine from 131% ± 23% to 73% ± 24% (p = 0.01). The results suggest that the venodilatory response of histamine is mediated through both H1 and H2 receptor subtypes and that this response is mediated in part by endothelium-derived relaxing factor. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1994;93:606-14.)
Endoscopic ultrasound treatment of vascular complications in acute pancreatitis
Authors: J. Gonzalez, S. Ezzedine, V. Vitton, J. Grimaud, M. Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Bleeding due to vascular complications of acute pancreatitis is a rare dangerous condition that is diagnostically and therapeutically challenging, and represents the most life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis. The overall goal of this report is to present a new potential indication for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle injection in the management of vascular complications of pancreatitis, based on continuous real-time visualization of vessels, color flow, and Doppler. EUS has enabled successful sclerotherapy and embolization of the perforating vein of esophagogastric varices and pancreatic pseudoaneurysm, respectively, in a 55-year-old patient with a history of recurrent/chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. This effective procedure represents a minimally invasive therapeutic option and provides an alternative to arterial embolization and surgery in the assessment and management of this category of complications.
Influence of gold salts on adjuvant arthritis in the rat.
Authors: J D Jessop, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

The Empire Rheumatism Council gold trial (1961) provided reasonably conclusive evidence that gold salts exert a suppressive effect on rheumatoid activity.This being so, the elucidation of their mode of action may be expected to provide information about the pathogenesis of the underlying disease.This prompted us to study the influence of sodium aurothiomalate injections on adjuvant disease in the rat.The polyarthritis of experimental adjuvant disease is generally regarded as being a delayed type of hypersensitivity response to disseminated myco- bacterial antigen.It has been widely used for evaluating anti-rheumatic drugs (Newbould, 1963;Winter and Nuss, 1966) and immunosuppressive agents (Ward, Cloud, Krawitt, and Jones, 1964;Currey and Ziff, 1966).We report here a study of the influence of injected gold salts on both adjuvant arthritis and immune iesponses in the rat.