tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cigarette Smoking and Risk for Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men
Authors: Noriyuki Nakanishi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: The contribution of cigarette smoking to development of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the association of cigarette smoking with development of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Work site in Osaka, Japan. Participants: 1266 Japanese male office workers 35 to 59 years of age who did not have impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes and were not taking medication for hypertension at study entry. Measurements: Fasting plasma glucose levels were measured at annual health examinations from May 1994 through May 1999. Impaired fasting glucose was defined as a fasting glucose level of at least 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) but less than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). Type 2 diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L or more or current receipt of hypoglycemic medication. Results: 87 and 54 men developed impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes during 5817 and 5937 person-years follow-up, respectively. After controlling for potential predictors of diabetes, the relative risk for impaired fasting glucose compared with never-smokers was 1.62 (95% CI, 0.85 to 3.10) for ever-smokers, 1.14 (CI, 0.58 to 2.25) for persons who smoked 1 to 20 cigarettes/d, 1.33 (CI, 0.63 to 2.80) for those who smoked 21 to 30 cigarettes/d, and 2.56 (CI, 1.32 to 4.95) for those who smoked 31 or more cigarettes/d (P for trend for current smokers only = 0.013). The respective multivariate-adjusted relative risks for type 2 diabetes compared with never-smokers were 1.08 (CI, 0.34 to 3.42), 1.88 (CI, 0.71 to 5.00), 3.02 (CI, 1.15 to 7.94), and 4.09 (CI, 1.62 to 10.29) (P for trend for current smokers only < 0.001). The number of pack-years of exposure was also positively related to development of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes (P for trend = 0.039 and 0.002, respectively). The relative risk for impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in current smokers versus never-smokers was stronger among men with a body mass index less than 24.2 kg/m2 than among men with a body mass index of 24.2 kg/m2 or more, although the absolute risk was greater in more obese men. Conclusion: The number of cigarettes smoked daily and the number of pack-years of exposure seem to be associated with development of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men.
UK ranks last of six countries in lung cancer survival
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The United Kingdom lags behind other wealthy countries in terms of one year survival after diagnosis of lung cancer, a large study shows. The researchers said that this may be partly because of late diagnosis but also because UK patients with lung cancer may not be getting the best available treatment, whatever the stage of their disease at diagnosis.

The research, published in Thorax , shows that one year survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer ranged from 30% in the UK to 46% in Sweden.1 Survival …
Re: Prevention of Bladder Tumours After Nephroureterectomy for Primary Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicentre, Randomised Clinical Trial of a Single Postoperative Intravesical Dose of Mitomycin C (the ODMIT-C Trial)
Authors: Mesut Remzi, Tobias Klatte
Journal: European Urology (2011)
The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

"Do you have colds?" "Did you think yourselves unique?" "Have you anything quicker than light?" "Do you always tell the truth?" According to Dr. Thomas, our radioastronomers might put these questions to any intelligent extraterrestrial being whose signals reach us from another part of remote space. Or, perhaps the astronomers should wait until they are sure they know what they want to learn before they get down to detailed questions. After all, the main question will be the opener: Hello, are you there? Nature, Thomas writes, abhors long silences. Termites beat their heads against the floors of their nests in regular, rhythmic phrases; bats make sounds almost ceaselessly; and prairie hens and rabbits drum their feet. Whales sing long, insistent, convoluted melodies that different singers repeat with ornamentations of their own. Do the whales tell (through several hundred miles of undersea) about navigation or sources of krill? Do you say
Reconstitution of liver mass via cellular hypertrophy in the rat
Authors: Peter Nagy, Tadahisa Teramoto, Valentina M. Factor, Aranzazu Sanchez, Janos Schnur, Sandor Paku, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The liver has an extremely effective regenerative capacity. When 70% of a rat liver is removed by surgery, the liver mass regrows in 7 to 10 days by the compensatory hyperplasia of the remnant part. In case of damage to the surviving hepatocytes, the facultative stem–cell compartment is activated and the liver regenerates by means of oval–cell proliferation/differentiation. In the present study, we demonstrate that when both hepatocyte proliferation and stem–cell activation were prevented by dexamethasone (Dex) administration, the liver mass was restored in the absence of DNA synthesis. The restoration of the liver was accomplished by the preferential enlargement/hypertrophy of the periportal hepatocytes. A similar response was observed when cell proliferation was arrested by 5–fluorouracil (FU) following partial hepatectomy. Therefore, the hepatocytic hypertrophy appears to provide an alternative mechanism of liver–mass restoration. This hypertrophic condition of the liver is not stable, because following the withdrawal of Dex, the enlarged hepatocytes entered in the cell cycle and the normal liver structure and DNA content was re–established.
KALA-modified multi-layered nanoparticles as gene carriers for MHC class-I mediated antigen presentation for a DNA vaccine
Authors: Sharif M. Shaheen, Hidetaka Akita, Takashi Nakamura, Shota Takayama, Shiroh Futaki, Atsushi Yamashita, Ryo Katoono, Nobuhiko Yui, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib in Combination with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Colorectal and Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Erika Martinelli, Teresa Troiani, Floriana Morgillo, Gabriella Rodolico, Donata Vitagliano, Maria Pia Morelli, Concetta Tuccillo, Loredana Vecchione, Anna Capasso, Michele Orditura, Ferdinando De Vita, S. Gail Eckhardt, Massimo Santoro, Liberato Berrino, Fortunato Ciardiello
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis depend on cancer cell proliferation and on tumor-induced angiogenesis. We evaluated the efficacy of the combination of sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab. Experimental Design: Sorafenib, erlotinib, and cetuximab, alone or in combination, were tested in vitro in a panel of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer cell lines and in vivo in H1299 tumor xenografts. Results: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand mRNAs were expressed in all NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines with variable levels ranging from 0.4- to 8.1-fold as compared with GEO colorectal cancer cells. Lung cancer cells had the highest levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A, B, and C, and of VEGF receptors as compared with colorectal cancer cells. Combined treatments of sorafenib with erlotinib or cetuximab produced combination index values between 0.02 and 0.5, suggesting a significant synergistic activity to inhibit soft agar colony formation in all cancer cell lines, which was accompanied by a marked blockade in mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT signals. The in vitro migration of H1299 cells, which expressed high levels of both VEGF ligands and receptors, was inhibited by treatment with sorafenib, and this effect was significantly increased by the combination with anti-EGFR drugs. In nude mice bearing established human H1299 xenografts, treatment with the combination of sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab caused a significant tumor growth delay resulting in 70 to 90 days increase in mice median overall survival as compared with single-agent sorafenib treatment. Conclusions: Combination treatment with sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab has synergistic antitumor effects in human colorectal and lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 16(20); 4990–5001. ©2010 AACR.
Concentration–Response Function for Ozone and Daily Mortality: Results from Five Urban and Five Rural U.K. Populations
Authors: Richard W. Atkinson, Dahai Yu, Ben G. Armstrong, Sam Pattenden, Paul Wilkinson, Ruth M. Doherty, Mathew R. Heal, H. Ross Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Short-term exposure to ozone has been associated with increased daily mortality. The shape of the concentration-response relationship-and, in particular, if there is a threshold-is critical for estimating public health impacts.We investigated the concentration-response relationship between daily ozone and mortality in five urban and five rural areas in the United Kingdom from 1993 to 2006.We used Poisson regression, controlling for seasonality, temperature, and influenza, to investigate associations between daily maximum 8-hr ozone and daily all-cause mortality, assuming linear, linear-threshold, and spline models for all-year and season-specific periods. We examined sensitivity to adjustment for particles (urban areas only) and alternative temperature metrics.In all-year analyses, we found clear evidence for a threshold in the concentration-response relationship between ozone and all-cause mortality in London at 65 µg/m3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 58, 83] but little evidence of a threshold in other urban or rural areas. Combined linear effect estimates for all-cause mortality were comparable for urban and rural areas: 0.48% (95% CI: 0.35, 0.60) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.36, 0.81) per 10-µg/m3 increase in ozone concentrations, respectively. Seasonal analyses suggested thresholds in both urban and rural areas for effects of ozone during summer months.Our results suggest that health impacts should be estimated across the whole ambient range of ozone using both threshold and nonthreshold models, and models stratified by season. Evidence of a threshold effect in London but not in other study areas requires further investigation. The public health impacts of exposure to ozone in rural areas should not be overlooked.
Mitral Valve Replacement or Repair After Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: U. Izhar, R. C. Daly, J. A. Dearani, T. A. Orszulak, H. V. Schaff, C. J. Mullany
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Patients who have had previous CABG may subsequently develop significant mitral valve (MV) dysfunction that requires surgical intervention.We reviewed 80 consecutive patients who had had previous CABG and who underwent MV surgery between January 1972 and March 1997. Forty-seven (59%) had initial CABG elsewhere, and 5 had had previous CABG twice. The mean interval between the previous CABG and the MV surgery was 6.3 years (range, 4.4 months to -17 years). At least 15 patients had grade 1/4 to 2/4 mitral regurgitation at initial CABG. The study group included 59 men and 21 women, with a mean study group age of 65.5 years. Ninety-four percent had symptoms of congestive heart failure, 60% had angina, 96% were in NYHA class III to IV, and 37% had an ejection fraction (EF) <50%. Origin of the MV disease was ischemic in 33 patients, myxomatous in 19, combined ischemic and myxomatous in 16, rheumatic in 5, infective in 3, and unknown in 4. MV repair was performed in 46 patients (58%) and MV replacement (MVR) in 34. Concomitant repeat CABG was performed in 38 (48%) patients. In-hospital mortality was 7 of 80 (8.8%); no early death occurred among patients with myxomatous disease. EF <50% was the only significant predictor of early mortality. Overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 83.8%, 55.6%, and 34.4% respectively. Predictors of late cardiac death were preoperative NYHA class IV (P=0.0006), urgent or emergency operation (P<0.0001), use of intra-aortic balloon pump (P=0.002), and EF <50% (P=0.01). Seven patients had an additional reoperation: 4 received CABG, 2 MVR, and 2 MV repair.Ischemic, myxomatous, rheumatic, or infective MV dysfunction may develop subsequently after CABG. MVR or MV repair after previous CABG is associated with an acceptably low operative risk and good relief of symptoms. Left ventricular function is strongly correlated with both hospital and late mortality. Surgery should be done before LV dysfunction develops.
Amantadine for Influenza
Authors: Max Bader
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Chanin (Influenza: Vaccines or Amantadine? 237:1445, 1977, and Amantadine for Prophylaxis and Treatment of A-2 Influenza, 236:2050, 1976) champions the use of amantadine hydrochloride as an alternative to influenza immunization. I agree that amantadine has a place in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A and have recommended its consideration during the influenza season for elderly and chronically ill persons who failed to receive influenza vaccine and for persons in institutions such as nursing homes when influenza is actually introduced into that setting.  Nevertheless, amantadine is no substitute for influenza immunization. It has its own deficiencies, including side reactions as described in the Food and Drug Administration Bulletin (6:30-31, 1976), higher cost, and a 10% to 20% rate of failure to protect. No one knows what long- and short-term side effects would be identified if amantadine were extensively used among children because there have been no important
The Future of Firearm Violence Prevention
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Critical Analysis of RBRVS
Authors: Christopher R. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —I have just read Dr Maloney's article regarding the RBRVS. 1 I feel that there are several significant flaws in his choice of data and conclusions.  Maloney incorrectly equates the issue of medical vs nonmedical reimbursement with the debate of a cognitive-based vs procedure-based reimbursement. While his figures demonstrate that the average salaries of dermatologists, cardiologists, and gastroenterologists are comparable to surgical specialties, these three specialties are highly procedure-oriented; in fact, Maloney's data in Fig 1 seem to confirm that procedure-oriented specialties are reimbursed at a higher rate than their more cognitive-based counterparts in general internal medicine, family practice, and general practice. Prashker and Meenan 2 utilized the average salaries of gastroenterologists and rheumatologists, respectively, to compare procedure-oriented and cognitive-oriented specialties; they found significant differences in reimbursement of these specialties. If Maloney actually wishes to compare reimbursement of cognitive-based with procedure-based specialists, he should use the average
PROPERTIES OF A BACTERIOPHAGE DERIVED FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI K235
Authors: Margeris A. Jesaitis, John J. Hutton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A temperate bacteriophage was isolated from the colicinogenic strain of Escherichia coli K235 and characterized. This phage, termed PK, is related to P2 virus morphologically, serologically, and, possibly, genetically and it bears no relationship to the T-even phages. It was also demonstrated that PK virus and colicine K differ both in their host range and in their immunological specificity, and that PK prophage does not induce the colicinogenesis in its host bacterium. It was concluded that the formation of colicine K. and PK phage in E. coli K235 are controlled by different genetic determinants.
Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on antibiotic prescribing for self limiting respiratory tract infections in primary care
Authors: C. C Butler, N. Francis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Registration of data to a common frame of reference is an essential step in the analysis and integration of diverse neuroscientific data modalities. To this end, volumetric brain atlases enable histological datasets to be spatially registered and analysed, yet accurate registration remains expertise-dependent and slow. We have trained a neural network, DeepSlice, to register mouse brain histology to the Allen Brain Atlas, retaining accuracy while improving speed by &gt;1000 fold.
Tumor cells in multiple myeloma patients inhibit myeloma-reactive T cells through carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-6
Authors: Mathias Witzens-Harig, Dirk Hose, Simone Jünger, Christina Pfirschke, Nisit Khandelwal, Ludmila Umansky, Anja Seckinger, Heinke Conrad, Bettina Brackertz, Thierry Rème, Brigitte Gueckel, Tobias Meißner, Michael Hundemer, Anthony D. Ho, Jean-Francois Rossi, Kai Neben, Helga Bernhard, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Bernard Klein, Philipp Beckhove
Journal: Blood (2013)
Postpartum Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-Reply
Authors: C. D. Spencer, F. M. Crane, J. R. Kumar, B. M. Alving
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, HUS, and preeclampsia are a spectrum of diseases associated by evidence of a common underlying pathophysiology.<sup>1</sup>Endothelial cell damage and platelet activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathy—the histological hallmark of these disorders. Varying degrees of renal dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, and hemolysis may be seen in each syndrome. When renal failure in addition to microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia is present, HUS is diagnosed.<sup>2</sup>The nomenclature, however, is confused by the presence of overlapping clinical features. Also, the severity of clinical expression may vary. Clear-cut cases of histologically verified HUS are recorded in both obstetric<sup>1</sup>and nonobstetric<sup>3</sup>patients, where renal failure, hemolysis, or thrombocytopenia was absent. Dr Weinstein reported that 57% of patients with HELLP syndrome had elevated levels of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, although details as to severity were omitted. Those with frank renal failure and those with potentially
FURTHER EXPERIMENTS UPON THE EFFECTS OF EXTIRPATION OF THE THYMUS IN RATS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ALLEGED PRODUCTION OF RACHITIC LESIONS
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Rachitic changes in the bones and teeth occur in young albino rats as the result of spontaneous disease, possibly of infective origin. This disease is often, but not always, accompanied by an arrest of growth and malnutrition. There is no valid reason for attributing such lesions to the loss of thymic function. In some of the rats showing the disease, an unusual number of mitoses were found in the parathyroid glands, but no evidence of injury to these structures. It has not been found possible to confirm the statements of Klose and Magnini as to the fatal effects of complete thymus extirpation in rats.
DC-SIGN ligation on dendritic cells results in ERK and PI3K activation and modulates cytokine production
Authors: Esther Caparrós, Pilar Munoz, Elena Sierra-Filardi, Diego Serrano-Gómez, Amaya Puig-Kröger, José L. Rodríguez-Fernández, Mario Mellado, Jaime Sancho, Mercedes Zubiaur, Angel L. Corbí
Journal: Blood (2006)
Researcher accused of breaching research ethics faces GMC
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�