tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
At Work in Copper
Authors: Asher J. Finkel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

These volumes report a careful investigation of occupational health and safety in 16 US copper smelteries where the chief hazards to health include exposures to arsenic, sulfur dioxide, aromatic hydrocarbons (from incomplete fuel combustion), and excessive noise. Each domestic smeltery is evaluated by criteria that include engineering control of health hazards, industrial hygiene programs, medical services, safety programs, and workers' rights. Volume 1 describes these criteria in light of the special problems and hazards of copper smelting, and the remaining volumes provide descriptions of each smeltery. This report provides an insight into the working conditions in copper smelteries and the need to improve the health aspects of conditions under which people work in this industry. It will be of interest not only to physicians directly involved in occupational medicine but also to those living and practicing in communities where copper smelteries are located.
Cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A multicenter case-control study
Authors: Naga Chalasani, Arthur Baluyut, Ayaaz Ismail, Atif Zaman, Gagan Sood, Reem Ghalib, T. M. McCashland, Rajender K. Reddy, Xaralambos Zervos, Mann A. Anbari, Helena Hoen
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have a significantly increased risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Risk factors for developing such a complication are not well defined. We conducted a multicenter, case-control study to determine the risk factors and possible predictors for CCA in patients with PSC. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of 26 PSC patients with CCA diagnosed over a 7-year period at eight academic centers were compared with 87 patients with PSC but no CCA (controls). There was no statistically significant difference in demographics, smoking, signs or symptoms or complications of PSC, indices of disease severity (Mayo Risk score or Child-Pugh score), frequency or duration or complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), frequency of biliary surgery, or therapeutic endoscopy between the two groups. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with CCA in patients with PSC (odds ratio: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.04-8.3). Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was significantly higher in patients with CCA than those without (177 ± 89 and 61 ± 58 U/mL, respectively; P = .002). A serum CA 19-9 level &gt; 100 U/mL had 75% sensitivity and 80% specificity in identifying PSC patients with CCA. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was a risk factor for having CCA in PSC patients. The indices of severity of liver disease were not associated with CCA in patients with PSC. Serum CA 19-9 appeared to have good ability to discriminate PSC patients with and without CCA.
Quality Assessment of Quality Improvement Programs-Reply
Authors: Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Overfield for his letter, and we certainly agree that quality improvement programs need more evaluation as to their effectiveness. Indeed, William Rogers advocated 20 years ago that Medicare's peer review programs be implemented in an experimental or quasi-experimental way. However, we are more optimistic than Overfield about the value of identifying quality-of-care problems. Existing studies do not support the view that mistakes in health care are self-correcting. For example, a comprehensive study of the quality of ambulatory care demonstrated that physicians continue to make the same types of errors even when they have been alerted to them.<sup>1</sup>In addition, many deficiencies in the quality are not due to physician errors per se, but rather to problems in the health care system or to mistakes made by other professionals. Finally, information on quality serves purposes other than feedback to physicians to help them improve quality
Whole exome sequencing of adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Philip J. Stephens, Helen R. Davies, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Peter Van Loo, Adam Shlien, Patrick S. Tarpey, Elli Papaemmanuil, Angela Cheverton, Graham R. Bignell, Adam P. Butler, John Gamble, Stephen Gamble, Claire Hardy, Jonathan Hinton, Mingming Jia, Alagu Jayakumar, David Jones, Calli Latimer, Stuart McLaren, David J. McBride, Andrew Menzies, Laura Mudie, Mark Maddison, Keiran Raine, Serena Nik-Zainal, Sarah O’Meara, Jon W. Teague, Ignacio Varela, David C. Wedge, Ian Whitmore, Scott M. Lippman, Ultan McDermott, Michael R. Stratton, Peter J. Campbell, Adel K. El-Naggar, P. Andrew Futreal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that can occur in multiple organ sites and is primarily found in the salivary gland. While the identification of recurrent fusions of the MYB-NFIB genes have begun to shed light on the molecular underpinnings, little else is known about the molecular genetics of this frequently fatal cancer. We have undertaken exome sequencing in a series of 24 ACC to further delineate the genetics of the disease. We identified multiple mutated genes that, combined, implicate chromatin deregulation in half of cases. Further, mutations were identified in known cancer genes, including PIK3CA, ATM, CDKN2A, SF3B1, SUFU, TSC1, and CYLD. Mutations in NOTCH1/2 were identified in 3 cases, and we identify the negative NOTCH signaling regulator, SPEN, as a new cancer gene in ACC with mutations in 5 cases. Finally, the identification of 3 likely activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor FGFR2, analogous to those reported in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma, point to potential therapeutic avenues for a subset of cases.
Dangerous Trends in Medical Care
Authors: A. G. M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

There is the most depressing Governmental complacency about the present and, even more important, the future state of our National Health Service. Everybody who believes in the ideals of the Health Service must be seriously alarmed about present trends. A crisis is approaching which will affect all aspects of medical practice in this country, and which successive Govern ments have failed to recognize in spite of repeated warning. It seems to me that there are two particularly urgent aspects of the present situation?firstly the increasing emigration of doctors, and secondly the deteriorating relations between the National Health Service and the general practitioner. It is difficult for doctors to criticize the Health Service without seeming to condemn it, but this should be the time for an extensive examination of its defects with a view to correction. Not least to be examined must be its failure to attract young doctors to remain in this country, because if this problem is not solved the Health Service will be in danger. The whole system is dependent on doctors, and there must be responsibility, co-operation, and understanding from the Government equal to that shown by the profession.
Mineral Content of Brands of Milk for Infant Feeding
Authors: J. C. L. Shaw, A. Jones, M. Gunther
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The amounts of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen in several brands of milk used for infant feeding have been measured, and the concentrations of these substances in the reconstituted milks calculated. The known variation in the electrolyte content of cows' milk and the addition of minerals in the manufacture of many types of milk foods may account for the variation in the content of these substances, but the addition of neutralized whey in the manufacture of Trufood Formula 4 increased the concentration of sodium to a level twice that found in undiluted cows' milk. We think that details of all mineral additions to milks used for infant feeding should be made readily available and that the mineral content of the powders or liquids should be printed on the containers and expressed both in mg/100 g and mEq/kg. Milks reconstituted to a composition close to that of cows' milk present large osmotic loads to the kidneys, and may endanger water balance in some circumstances. This risk can be reduced by a greater dilution with water.
729-5 Involvement of AT1 Receptor Subtype in Angiotensin II Induced Ca 2 + Releases in Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: J. Inamo, S. Sempé, L. Tariosse, B. Stuyvers, G. Gouverneur, P. Besse, S. Banoran-Adèle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Haemofiltration for profound dialysis-induced hypotension: removal of sodium and water without blood-pressure change.
Authors: A M Davison, T G Roberts, B H Mascie-Taylor, A M Lewins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two patients with profound dialysis-induced hypotension were seen, in both of whom sequential ultrafiltration and haemodialysis failed to alleviate their symptoms; in one bicarbonate dialysis similarly produced no improvement. The hypotension was frequently severe enough to necessitate premature termination of the dialysis. Haemofiltration was associated with almost total resolution of symptoms, adequate biochemical control of uraemia, and satisfactory removal of weight gain between dialysis sessions. Profound hypotension during dialysis may become more common as older patients enter dialysis programmes; haemofiltration is a valuable technique in such cases.
345 A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING PROGRESSION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN LARGE POPULATIONS USING VALIDATED BIOMARKER FIBROTEST® INSTEAD OF BIOPSY
Authors: T. Poynard, M. Munteanu, O. Deckmyn, Y. Ngo, F. Drane, J.M. Castille, C. Housset, V. Ratziu, F. Imbert-Bismut
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Reappraisal of Tracheal Injury From Cuffed Tracheostomy Tubes
Authors: Lester R. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Cervical tracheostomy with 72 hours of mechanical ventilation was performed in dogs to compare three techniques for reducing the hazard of tracheal injury from cuffed tracheostomy tubes. Hourly cuff deflation and the use of alternating sites of cuff pressure on the tracheal wall failed to prevent mucosal necrosis and cartilage injury. Careful inflation of the balloon cuff to allow an audible leak during inspiration eliminated significant tracheal injury. On the basis of these experiments, clinical techniques for management of cuffed tracheostomy tubes have been changed with satisfactory early results.
Oncogenic role of the frizzled-7/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Philippe Merle, Miran Kim, Marc Herrmann, Anand Gupte, Lydie Lefrançois, Sophia Califano, Christian Tre´po, Shinji Tanaka, Ludmila Vitvitski, Suzanne de la Monte, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
PHYSICIAN CHOICE OF DISCHARGE ANTITHROMBOTIC REGIMEN IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION BASED ON BLEEDING AND ISCHEMIC RISK ASSESSMENT: RESULTS FROM AVIATOR MULTI-CENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Marco Mennuni, Sameer Bansilal, Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Jonathan Halperin, Carla Lucarelli, Daniele Giacoppo, Dennis Zavalloni, usman baber, Chiara Bernelli, George Dangas, Patrizia Presbitero, Antonio Colombo, Corrado Tamburino, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini, Samantha Sartori, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung function in the general population.
Authors: J R Britton, I D Pavord, K A Richards, A J Knox, A F Wisniewski, S A Lewis, A E Tattersfield, S T Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We have investigated the relation between lung function and dietary intake of the antioxidant vitamins C and E in the general population in a cross-sectional survey of a random sample of adults from the electoral register of an administrative area of Nottingham. In 2,633 subjects 18 to 70 yr of age, we measured FEV1 and FVC, allergen skin sensitivity to grass pollen, cat fur, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, pack-years smoking exposure by personal recall, and usual dietary intake of vitamins C and E by semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. After adjustment for the effects of age, sex, height, mean allergen skin wheal diameter, and pack-years smoking history, both FEV1 and FVC were significantly and independently related to mean daily intake of vitamin C, such that a standard deviation (40 mg/d) higher vitamin C intake was associated with a 25.0 (95% CI, 5.2 to 44.8; p = 0.01) ml higher FEV1 and a 23.3 (0.94 to 45.7, p = 0.04) ml higher FVC. There was also an association between vitamin E intake and lung function, such that a standard deviation (2.2 mg) higher intake of vitamin E was associated with a 20.1 (1.3 to 40.4, p = 0.04) ml higher FEV1 and a 23.1 (1.0 to 45, p = 0.04) ml higher FVC. However, vitamin C and vitamin E intakes were significantly correlated (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), and after allowing for the effects of vitamin C there was no additional independent effect of vitamin E on either FEV1 or FVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Watermelon Stomach
Authors: D. M. Jensen, D. M. Chaves, K. E. Grund
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia) is a macroscopic endoscopic diagnosis referring to red, angiomatous (or ectatic) lesions in the antrum of the stomach, associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage [1] [2] [3]. Two different patterns have been described [4] [5]:
Childhood Immunization Procedures
Authors: Joel L. Nitzkin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a practicing public health officer, I find one element of the immunization recommendations by Krugman and Katz (237:2228-2230, 1977) to be somewhat impractical. Almost by definition, children not immunized during infancy are very likely not to return to the office for subsequent immunization visits. I therefore feel that the immunization schedule should be modified to provide simultaneous administration of these vaccines at the single initial visit: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP); trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (TOPV); measles; rubella; and mumps. Information currently available suggests that this should be as effective in providing adequate immune response and as safe as the schedule currently recommended by Krugman and Katz and by the American Academy of Pediatrics, a schedule that does not give measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine until one month after the initial visit.
Ovarian Thecoma Mimicking Carcinoma on F-18 FDG PET in a Postmenopausal Woman With Elevated CA-125
Authors: Hsuan-Ming Su, Chin Hu, Daw-Guay Tsay, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Thecoma is a subgroup of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and accounts for <1% of all ovarian tumors. We report a case of tissue-proven ovarian thecoma in a 71-year-old woman with lower abdominal fullness and elevated serum CA-125, whose F-18 FDG PET showed a 4.0-cm mass in right adnexa with uneven FDG uptake. The maximum standardized uptake value of early and delayed imaging was 3.3 and 3.7, respectively. A review of the literature showed that thecoma has only been listed in a few articles as false-positive F-18 FDG PET, but no detailed information about these cases was provided.
Lentiviral-mediated gene delivery to synovium: potent intra-articular expression with amplification by inflammation
Authors: Elvire Gouze, Robert Pawliuk, Jean-Noel Gouze, Carmencita Pilapil, Christina Fleet, Glyn D Palmer, Christopher H Evans, Philippe Leboulch, Steven C Ghivizzani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Clinical translation of gene-based therapies for arthritis could be accelerated by vectors capable of efficient intra-articular gene delivery and long-term transgene expression. Previously, we have shown that lentiviral vectors transduce rat synovium efficiently in vivo. Here, we evaluated the functional capacity of transgene expression provided by lentiviral-mediated gene delivery to the joint. To do this, we measured the ability of a lentiviral vector containing the cDNA for human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (LV-hIL-1Ra) to suppress intra-articular responses to IL-1beta. Groups of rats were injected in one knee with 5 x 10(7) infectious units of LV-IL-1Ra. After 24 h, a range of doses of fibroblasts (3 x 10(3), 10(4), 3 x 10(4), or 10(5) cells) genetically modified to overexpress IL-1beta was injected into both knees. Intra-articular delivery of LV-hIL-1Ra strongly prevented swelling in all treated knees, even in those receiving the greatest dose of IL-1beta(+) cells. Cellular infiltration, cartilage erosion, and invasiveness of inflamed synovium were effectively prevented in LV-hIL-1Ra-treated knees and were significantly inhibited in contralateral joints. Beneficial effects were also observed systemically in the lentivirus-treated animals. Interestingly, intra-articular expression of the IL-1Ra transgene was found to increase in relation to the number of IL-1beta(+) cells injected. Further experiments using GFP suggest this is due to the proliferation of cells, stably modified by the integrative lentivirus, in response to inflammatory stimulation.
Microwave CO2 plasma-initiated vapour phase graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polytetrafluoroethylene for immobilization of human thrombomodulin
Authors: V.N. Vasilets, G. Hermel, U. König, C. Werner, M. Müller, F. Simon, K. Grundke, Y. Ikada, H.-J. Jacobasch
Journal: Biomaterials (1997)
Regulation of intestinal non-haem iron absorption.
Authors: M Lombard, E Chua, P O'Toole
Journal: Gut (1997)

Regulation of intestinal non-haem iron absorptionIron is a precious metal in biological terms, having essential roles in oxygen transport, electron transfer and as a co- factor in many enzyme systems, including DNA synthesis.The biological importance of iron is underscored by the evolution of very complex mechanisms for its acquisition, utilisation and preservation in even the most primitive organisms.These systems have evolved because bio- availability of iron is limited and also because its biological activity is potentially toxic as seen, for example, in haemochromatosis.In humans, iron loss from the body is minimall and the level of iron is controlled by regulating its absorption from the intestine.2 3Iron in food is available in two forns -haem iron (in muscle as myoglobin and haemoglobin) and non-haem iron (in vegetables, cereals and meat).Haem iron accounts for only 10-20% of dietary iron in industrialised countries but can contribute a disproportionate 30% ofthe absorbed iron due to its higher bioavailability.Non-haem iron accounts for 80% of dietary iron in industrialised countries and an even greater proportion worldwide or in vegetarians.4For this reason it is more important from a worldwide perspective and it is also more affected by other micronutrients and by regulatory mechanisms in the intestine.5Non-haem iron absorption can be considered to occur in two phases-first, the assimilation of iron from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cell and, second, the transfer or export of the assimilated iron to plasma.Both of these phases are known to be responsive to the level of body iron stores,6 but the intracellular mechanisms influencing these phases and the mechanism by which the enterocyte is informed of body iron requirements are poorly understood.Here, we draw together evidence from older physiological experiments and more recent studies using cell and molecular biology techniques to speculate how this recent information may be pertinent to how iron is taken up by enterocytes, how its transfer to plasma is controlled and, finally, how information about body iron stores or requirement is conveyed to enterocytes and by what mechanism this information can influence both of these processes Dietary iron uptake Many studies have demonstrated that the site of absorption is limited to the duodenum and upper jejunum,7 although
Acquired pulmonary stenosis
Authors: W. A. Littler, J. B. Meade, D. I. Hamilton
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Four cases of pulmonary artery stenosis resulting from extrinsic pressure are presented. All of these cases presented with the triad of chest pain, dyspnoea, and a pulmonary systolic murmur. Respiratory variation of this murmur was noted in three of the patients, the murmur increasing during expiration and diminishing or disappearing during inspiration. It is suggested that this may be a useful sign in diagnosing this syndrome. The tumour in these four cases was an intrapericardial sarcoma, a benign teratoma, Hodgkin9s disease, and a malignant thymoma respectively.
A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Intracoronary Streptokinase versus Coronary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: William O'Neill, Gerald C. Timmis, Patrick D. Bourdillon, Peter Lai, V. Ganghadarhan, Joseph Walton, Renato Ramos, Nathan Laufer, Seymor Gordon, M. Anthony Schork, Bertram Pitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We randomly assigned 56 patients who presented within 12 hours of their first symptoms of acute myocardial infarction to treatment with either intracoronary streptokinase or coronary angioplasty. The mean (+/- SD) duration of symptoms (3.0 +/- 1.2 hours in the group treated with angioplasty vs. 3.6 +/- 1.8 in the group treated with streptokinase; P not significant) and time to recanalization (4.1 +/- 1.4 hours vs. 4.8 +/- 1.7 hours; P not significant) were similar in both groups. Coronary recanalization was achieved in 83 percent of the patients treated with angioplasty and in 85 percent of those treated with streptokinase (P not significant). Residual luminal stenosis in the coronary artery was significantly decreased after angioplasty, as compared with streptokinase therapy (43 +/- 31 percent of patients vs. 83 +/- 17; P less than 0.001). Residual stenosis of 70 percent or more was present in 4 percent of the angioplasty-treated patients and in 83 percent of the streptokinase-treated patients (P less than 0.01). Ventricular function after therapy was assessed by serial contrast ventriculograms. Increases in both global ejection fraction (8 +/- 7 percent vs. 1 +/- 6; P less than 0.001) and regional wall motion (+1.32 +/- 1.32 SD vs. +0.59 +/- 0.79 SD; P less than 0.05) were greater for the angioplasty group. We conclude that angioplasty and streptokinase produce similar rates of early coronary reperfusion during evolving transmural myocardial infarction. However, angioplasty is significantly more effective in alleviating the underlying coronary stenoses, and this may result in more effective preservation of ventricular function after therapy.