tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria.
Authors: M J Gardner, M P Snee, A J Hall, C A Powell, S Downes, J D Terrell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether the observed excess of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma near the Sellafield nuclear plant is associated with established risk factors or with factors related to the plant. DESIGN--A case-control study. SETTING--West Cumbria health district. SUBJECTS--52 Cases of leukaemia, 22 of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma, and 23 of Hodgkin9s disease occurring in people born in the area and diagnosed there in 1950-85 under the age of 25 and 1001 controls matched for sex and date of birth taken from the same birth registers as the cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Antenatal abdominal x ray examinations, viral infections, habit factors, proximity to and employment characteristics of parents at Sellafield. RESULTS--Expected associations with prenatal exposure to x rays were found, but little information was available on viral illnesses. Relative risks for leukaemia and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma were higher in children born near Sellafield and in children of fathers employed at the plant, particularly those with high radiation dose recordings before their child9s conception. For example, the relative risks compared with area controls were 0.17 (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.53) for being born further than 5 km from Sellafield 2.44 (1.04 to 5.71) for children of fathers employed at Sellafield at their conception, and 6.42 (1.57 to 26.3) for children of fathers receiving a total preconceptual ionising radiation dose of 100 mSv or more. Other factors, including exposure to x rays, maternal age, employment elsewhere, eating seafood, and playing on the beach did not explain these relationships. Focusing on Seascale, where the excess incidence has predominantly been reported, showed for the four out of five cases of leukaemia and one case of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma whose fathers were employed at Sellafield and for whom dose information was obtained that the fathers of each case had higher radiation doses before their child9s conception than all their matched control fathers; the father of the other Seascale case (non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma) was not employed at the plant. These results seem to explain statistically the geographical association. For Hodgkin9s disease neither geographical nor employment associations with Sellafield were found. CONCLUSIONS--The raised incidence of leukaemia, particularly, and non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma among children near Sellafield was associated with paternal employment and recorded external dose of whole body penetrating radiation during work at the plant before conception. The association can explain statistically the observed geographical excess. This result suggests an effect of ionising radiation on fathers that may be leukaemogenic in their offspring, though other, less likely, explanations are possible. There are important potential implications for radiobiology and for protection of radiation workers and their children.
ABC of antenatal care. Raised blood pressure in pregnancy.
Authors: G Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The aims of Ballantyne's first book on promaternity (antenatal) care were: * The antenatal diagnosis of monsters * The treatment of monsters * The prevention of fits.The last concerns eclampsia, so care has been concerned with eclampsia from the earliest days.One of the original aims of promaternity care in 1901 was the prevention of fits and convulsions due to eclampsia, which was often associated with pre-eclampsia.The term pre-eclampsia has been replaced in later years as eclampsia now occurs rarely.Raised blood pressure affects the fetus as well as the mother.In the later weeks of pregnancy it may fall into one of several categories.* Chronic hypertension is present before the 20th week and has causes outside pregnancy * Pregnancy induced hypertension develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and usually resolves within 10 days after delivery * Pregnancy induced hypertension with proteinuria used to be called pre-eclampsia and occurs mostly in primigravidas * Pregnancy induced hypertension with or without proteinuria may be superimposed on chronic hypertension and this is a most dangerous combination, the effects of pregnancy being added to those of chronic hypertension * Eclampsia is a convulsive condition usually associated with proteinuric hypertension.' * .
Training in obstetrics.
Authors: D. Howe
Journal: BMJ (1992)

care, the number of patients who are assigned to aggressive ambition and hence loses many with the government have offered the following, which generalists is far lower than the number Marsh more caring qualities, an emphasis that the women is what every junior doctor wants?proposes.Thus Marsh's statement that what in our care would doubtless reverse.In addressing(1) Non-medical staff trained to carry out should be done can be done in half the number of these problems the college must clarify its attitude phlebotomy, intravenous drug administration, visits is not supported by the American experience, to research and ensure that training can be electrocardiography, portering, and routine We have half the number of visits, twice the cost completed within the NHS.clerical work and to find empty beds.for the same level of care, and far less effective DAVID HOWE(2) Overtime pay equal to daytime rates.prevention than in the United Kingdom.Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, (3) A half day off work after a busy night on call.General practice in Britain is, with all of its Princess Anne Hospital, The government's failure to implement these faults, a model of efficient, personalised, accessible Suthampton S09 4HA demands boldly and swiftly indicates a brutality care compared with what is available in other IButSTringnobercs M71930146(7
Implications of behavioral momentum for understanding the behavioral pharmacology of abused drugs
Authors: Stephen T. Higgins, Stacey C. Sigmon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

We briefly discuss some potential contributions of behavioral momentum research to the study of the behavioral effects of abused drugs. Contributions to the study of the direct effects of drugs on operant responding and to the study of drugs as reinforcers are addressed. Too little empirical evidence is available to thoroughly evaluate the relevance of behavioral momentum concepts to the study of drugs and behavior, but we note several reasons for optimism regarding its potential to make positive contributions.
Disordered regulation of the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by intestinal mononuclear cells in Crohn's disease.
Authors: H W Verspaget, A S Pena, I T Weterman, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1988)

In vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by isolated intestinal mononuclear cells of macroscopically normal mucosa from patients with Crohn's disease has been studied and results compared with those obtained with cells from normal mucosa of resection specimens from patients with colonic carcinoma, or other intestinal disorders. The total lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) in Crohn's disease produced spontaneously less IgA and more IgG than the control groups, but no difference was observed for IgM. An enriched lymphocyte fraction (LPL) of the Crohn's disease patients showed a higher spontaneous synthesis of IgA and IgG when compared with controls. In contrast, another fraction enriched for macrophages (LPM) produced spontaneously less IgA, IgG, and IgM in Crohn's, than in control patients. Incubation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) decreased immunoglobulin synthesis by LPMC in Crohn's disease and controls, and this was enhanced by simultaneous incubation with concanavalin A. In controls PWM stimulation increased immunoglobulin synthesis by LPL and decreased immunoglobulin synthesis by LPM. In Crohn's disease, however, PWM had no effect on either fraction. This study shows major differences in the regulation of the immunoglobulin synthesis by intestinal cells between Crohn's disease and controls.
THE COLLAPSE PRODUCED BY VENOUS CONGESTION OF THE EXTREMITIES OR BY VENESECTION FOLLOWING CERTAIN HYPOTENSIVE AGENTS 1
Authors: Edward D. Freis, Joseph R. Stanton, Frank A. Finnerty, Harold W. Schnaper, Robert L. Johnson, Charles E. Rath, Robert W. Wilkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Shortly after his move to the Veterans Administration Hospital and Georgetown University in Washington, DC,  Freis and several
   colleagues tested theories about the hemodynamic effects of antihypertensive drugs, to better explain the drugs' actions.
Latent Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Discovered During or After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: D. Mylonaki, N. Alexakis, F. Archodovassilis, M. M. Konstadoulakis, E. Leandros, G. Androulakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The wide acceptance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has resulted in the performance of increased numbers of cholecystectomies, hence increasing the number of patients discovered with concomitant malignancy or other pathological states.A total of 3751 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January 1995 and December 2000 were included in this study. Nine cases of coexisting malignant colonic neoplasm were discovered. All of these patients but one underwent therapeutic resection.The survival rate of these nine patients was the same as that of 62 consecutive colonic cancer patients who were treated in our department over the same period. The rate of postoperative complications in the study group was higher than in the control group (21 % vs. 9.5 %). The hospital stay in these patients was also greater (17 days vs. 10 days).The rate of incidental discovery of colorectal carcinomas during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our department was 0.24 %. These patients had higher complication rates and a longer hospital stay.
Effect of carotid occlusion and of perfusion pressure on renal function in conscious dogs.
Authors: R Gross, H Kirchheim, K Ruffmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effect of bilateral common carotid occlusion (implanted pneumatic cuffs) on renal blood flow (electromagnetic flowmeter) and renal function (implanted ureteral catheter) in nine chronically instrumented, conscious dogs on a high sodium diet (14 mmol/kg body weight per day). By means of suprarenal aortic constriction (pneumatic cuff) the influence of renal perfusion pressure was investigated. There was no change in renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) with either reflexly increasing (+49.6%) or constant renal perfusion pressure. Carotid occlusion caused an increase of urine output by 80.5% and of sodium excretion by 85.3% due to a fall in fractional sodium reabsorption (-0.9%) when renal perfusion pressure was allowed to rise. Neither an increase of diuresis or sodium excretion nor an antinatriuresis was observed when renal perfusion pressure was kept constant during carotid occlusion. We conclude that, in conscious dogs at rest, the moderate sympathetic activation associated with carotid occlusion is too small to induce renal sympathetic vasoconstriction or antinatriuresis. The "carotid sinus polyuria" is a pressure-diuresis.
33 IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PPI-461, A POTENT AND SELECTIVE HCV NS5A INHIBITOR WITH ACTIVITY AGAINST ALL HCV GENOTYPES
Authors: R. Colonno, E. Peng, M. Bencsik, N. Huang, M. Zhong, A. Huq, Q. Huang, J. Williams, L. Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A Novel Tumour-Based Test To Identify Breast Cancer Due to BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations.
Authors: D. Eccles, Q. An, L. Jones, W. Tapper, C. Chelala, M. Iravani, A. McKay, V. Hammond, L. Durcan, S. Gerty, J. Strefford, A. Ferguson, S. Peock, J. Reis-Filho, D. Easton, A. Ashworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Family history and young onset are the usual indicators of an underlying genetic predisposition to breast cancer development. BRCA1 associated breast tumours are more likely to be ER negative and express “basal” markers, however most patients with ER negative/ basal marker positive breast cancers (especially young onset) do not have inherited BRCA1 mutations. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene carriers may have novel treatment options available and may need to consider future cancer prevention strategies. Genetic counselling and germline mutation analysis remains a relatively expensive option that is not appropriate for most breast cancer patients.Aim: To design a sensitive and specific pathology based predictor that would improve identification of BRCA1 and 2 gene carriers.Method: We assembled a training panel of breast cancer tumour blocks from 67 BRCA1, 71 BRCA2 associated and 105 sporadic young onset cases (≤ 40 years at diagnosis). All gene carriers were diagnosed before 50 years and were matched to sporadic cases for ER status. Tissue micro arrays (TMAs) were assembled and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis with a panel of 18 antibodies. DNA was extracted from micro dissected tumour tissue and matched patient lymphocytes and subjected to high resolution tiling path microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH). Using robust statistical approaches, regions significantly differentially lost, gained or amplified in BRCA1, BRCA2 and controls were identified. Probes for chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) for amplified regions were generated.Results: Two differentially amplified clones in BRCA1 cases designated P1 at 3q25.31 and P2 at 3q25.2 and one in BRCA2 cases, P3 at 20q13.13, were identified and amplifications validated in the training set using CISH. Logistic regression analysis of the panel comprising CISH and IHC markers was used to develop the best predictor. The best predictor for BRCA1 gene carriers was a combination of P1, ER and HER2. This combination outperformed all combinations of immunohistochemical markers, including ER and basal markers; the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 87.5% and NPV 92% giving a Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve with an AUC of 0.92 (CI 0.88-0.97). The BRCA2 signature panel is currently being evaluated. These BRCA1 and BRCA2 predictor panels are being validated in a new set of TMAs comprising 223 tumours from the POSH study1.Conclusion: This tumour based predictor for BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers may prove useful to identify gene carriers at low a priori chance of having a mutation, to direct BRCA1/2 targeted treatment approaches and to identify familial non BRCA1/2 cases that may be suitable for new gene discovery studies.1. Eccles D et al. BMC Cancer 2007; 7(1):160. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5032.
Mechanical Dyssynchrony in Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Intraventricular Conduction Delay as Depicted by 3D Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Cecilia W. Curry, Gregory S. Nelson, Bradley T. Wyman, Jerome Declerck, Maurice Talbot, Ronald D. Berger, Elliot R. McVeigh, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation (2000)
HTLV Seroreactivity in Italian Intravenous Drug Addicts Is Primarily due to HTLV-II Infection
Authors: Oliviero E. Varnier, Flavia Lillo, Steve S. Alexander, Richard M. Forbis, Adriano Lazzarin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Over the last 5 years we have tested more than 3000 serum samples, collected from subjects at risk for retroviral infections, for the presence of antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I).<sup>1</sup>Reactivity was observed in approximately 10% of samples using viral lysate-based assays, but HTLV-I seropositivity could not be confirmed by Western blot analysis. The immunoreactivity was limited to the gag-encoded p19 and p24 proteins with varying intensity of the bands. Following the US Public Health Service guidelines for HTLV-I seropositivity,<sup>2</sup>all these samples were classified as HTLV-I indeterminate. We further investigated HTLV reactivity in 152 Italian intravenous drug addicts (IVDA) using synthetic antigens. All subjects were seropositive to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and attended a methadone maintenance clinic in the northwest district of Milan. Most had a history of sexual promiscuity, frequent needle sharing, and long-term drug addiction.
Possible Detrimental Effects of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Marianne J. Heins, Hans Knoop, Judith B. Prins, Maja Stulemeijer, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Gijs Bleijenberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2010)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can decrease the level of fatigue and disabilities, but it has been suggested that during therapy some patients experience a deterioration of their symptoms rather than an improvement. The aim of this study is to examine the frequency and severity of symptom deterioration during CBT for CFS. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Data from 3 randomised controlled trials on CBT for CFS were pooled and reanalysed. Symptom deterioration during the trial was rated by patients and measured as deterioration in fatigue, pain, functional impairment and psychological distress. Both the frequency and severity of deterioration in these domains were compared between the patients receiving CBT and those in the control group. Predictors of symptom deterioration were identified by comparing their means in patients with and without an increase in fatigue. Statistically significant predictors were then combined in a logistic regression model. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The frequency of symptom deterioration varied from 2 to 12% in patients receiving CBT and from 7 to 17% in the control group. None of the measures showed a significantly higher frequency of symptom deterioration in the CBT group. The severity of deterioration was also comparable in the CBT and in the control group. No predictors of symptom deterioration specific to CBT were found. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Patients receiving CBT do not experience more frequent or more severe symptom deterioration than untreated patients. The reported deterioration during CBT seems to reflect the natural variation in symptoms. Thus, CBT is not only a helpful, but also a safe treatment for CFS.
Combined Angiotensin Inhibition in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yuichiro Izumi, Katsumasa Kawahara, Hiroshi Nonoguchi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: The Veterans Affairs Nephropathy in Diabetes (VA NEPHRON-D) study reported by Fried et al. (Nov. 14 issue)1 showed that dual blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system confers a high risk of adverse effects among patients with diabetic nephropathy. Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system have been used successfully for slowing progression of diabetic nephropathy, but increasing the dosage to achieve better outcomes with a low risk of adverse effects remains controversial.2,3 As in previous clinical trials, Fried et al. have shown that combining an angiotensin II–receptor blocker (ARB) and an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or a direct renin inhibitor did not result in a benefit but was associated with an increased risk of adverse events.1,3,4 In our recent study, the combination of equipotent half doses of an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) and an ARB (irbesartan), as compared with each single agent at higher doses, did not show any benefit with respect to the risk of progression; however, the incidence of adverse effects was similar in the two groups.5 We do not support the use of dual blockade, even if it is used in equipotent doses, because of the lack of benefit and the risk of complications.
C-reactive protein in childhood dermatomyositis
Authors: R.H. Haas, R.F. Dyck, V. Dubowitz, M.B. Pepys
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 9 patients with childhood dermatomyositis. Four children were seen during clinical relapse and all had serum CRP levels less than 1 mg/l. In addition direct immunofluorescent staining of muscle biopsies from 4 patients showed no evidence of CRP deposition in muscle tissue. Such patients appear to be able to produce CRP in response to acute infections, and it is suggested therefore that the pathological process in childhood dermatomyositis may not induce a significant CRP response.
Dietary factors and the risk of psoriasis. Results of an Italian case-control study
Authors: L. NALDI, F. PARAZZINI, L. PELI, L. CHATENOUD, T. CAINELLI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We have conducted a case-control study to explore the relation between the consumption of selected foods and psoriasis. The out-patient services of nine teaching hospitals and five general hospitals in northern and southern Italy took part. Cases were newly diagnosed psoriatics with a history of skin problems of no more than 2 years. As controls, we selected subjects with newly diagnosed skin conditions, other than psoriasis, who were seen in the same out-patient clinics. Inclusion of cases and controls was limited to the age group 16-65 years. A total of 316 psoriatics and 366 controls were recruited. Anthropometric measures, including height and weight, were obtained. Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Psoriasis appeared to be positively associated with body mass index (chi 2(1) trend 4.3, P < 0.05). Significant inverse relations with psoriasis were also observed for the intake of carrots (chi 2(1) trend 4.8, P < 0.05), tomatoes (chi 2(1) trend 26.3, P < 0.01), fresh fruit (chi 2(1) trend 11.7, P < 0.01) and index of beta-carotene intake (chi 2(1) trend 9.1, P < 0.01). Although largely explorative, these results provide some evidence for a potential role of diet in psoriasis.
Valvular mechanisms in juxta-articular cysts.
Authors: M I Jayson, A S Dixon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Quadriceps contraction normally produces sub- atmospheric or small positive pressures within the knee, but in the presence of arthritis and with effusions, high positive pressures are developed (Jayson and Dixon, 1970b).Pressures of this mag- nitude may well damage the articular surfaces, but it would also seem possible that they could 'blow out' the capsule at points of weakness, so producing cysts.
Dendritic cells in liver fibrosis: conductor of the inflammatory orchestra?
Authors: Costica Aloman, Frank Tacke
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Hepatic fibrosis occurs during most chronic liver diseases and is driven by inflammatory responses to injured tissue. Because DCs are central to modulating liver immunity, we postulated that altered DC function contributes to immunologic changes in hepatic fibrosis and affects the pathologic inflammatory milieu within the fibrotic liver. Using mouse models, we determined the contribution of DCs to altered hepatic immunity in fibrosis and investigated the role of DCs in modulating the inflammatory environment within the fibrotic liver. We found that DC depletion completely abrogated the elevated levels of many inflammatory mediators that are produced in the fibrotic liver. DCs represented approximately 25% of the fibrotic hepatic leukocytes and showed an elevated CD11b+CD8- fraction, a lower B220+ plasmacytoid fraction, and increased expression of MHC II and CD40. Moreover, after liver injury, DCs gained a marked capacity to induce hepatic stellate cells, NK cells, and T cells to mediate inflammation, proliferation, and production of potent immune responses. The proinflammatory and immunogenic effects of fibrotic DCs were contingent on their production of TNF-α. Therefore, modulating DC function may be an attractive approach to experimental therapeutics in fibro-inflammatory liver disease. © 2010 American Society for Clinical Investigation.