tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wringing out the Extracellular Space
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Several years ago I visited a new hemodialysis unit and was proudly shown an oliguric patient whose plasma electrolytes had reverted to normal after repeated dialyses. Yet, three weeks after the onset of renal failure, his urine volume remained trivial. His facial features bore a close resemblance to the mummy of King Tutankhamen when Howard Carter uncovered it in the Valley of the Kings 50 years ago. The frontal and zygomatic bones were prominent, and the cheeks and sockets of the eyes were deeply sunken. The resemblance does not end there: dehydration accounts (at least in part) for the remarkable . . .
Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice
Authors: J. V Jolleys
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urinary symptoms a questionnaire was sent to all women aged 25 and over and to women under 21 taking oral contraceptives registered with a rural practice (n = 937); the questionnaire was completed by 833 women (89%). The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 41% (343/833); rates were lower in nulliparous and postmenopausal women (30/181 (17%) and 120/344 (35%) respectively) than parous and premenopausal women (313/652 (48%) and 225/479 (47%) respectively). Incontinence was significantly associated with perineal suturing after childbirth, being present in 201 of 376 (53%) women with sutures compared with 113 of 270 (42%) without. Of the 166 women with a history of minor gynaecological surgery, 100 had symptoms of incontinence, compared with 263 of the 657 (37%) without such a history. Incontinence was not related to type of delivery, and postnatal exercises for the pelvic floor were not beneficial. Inappropriate leakage of urine is perceived by many women as common and therefore not serious; thus it is often not reported to the doctor. Nevertheless, the 6% of women who always require protection against leakage could be helped by treatment.
Biological Consequences of Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Carcinogenesis.
Authors: R. HOULT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Biological Consequences of Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Carcinogenesis. Get access ROBIN HOULT ROBIN HOULT London, UK Edited by Lawrence Spatz and Arthur D Bloom. (Pp 196; £30.00.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. ISBN 019-507296-0. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 10, October 1993, Page 1887, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.10.1887a Published: 01 October 1993
Music Therapy for Reducing Anxiety in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Elie Azoulay, Marine Chaize, Nancy Kentish-Barnes
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
California Wildfires of 2008: Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter Toxicity
Authors: Teresa C. Wegesser, Kent E. Pinkerton, Jerold A. Last
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

During the last week of June 2008, central and northern California experienced thousands of forest and brush fires, giving rise to a week of severe fire-related particulate air pollution throughout the region. California experienced PM(10-2.5) (particulate matter with mass median aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 mum to < 10 mum; coarse ) and PM(2.5) (particulate matter with mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 mum; fine) concentrations greatly in excess of the air quality standards and among the highest values reported at these stations since data have been collected.These observations prompt a number of questions about the health impact of exposure to elevated levels of PM(10-2.5) and PM(2.5) and about the specific toxicity of PM arising from wildfires in this region.Toxicity of PM(10-2.5) and PM(2.5) obtained during the time of peak concentrations of smoke in the air was determined with a mouse bioassay and compared with PM samples collected under normal conditions from the region during the month of June 2007.Concentrations of PM were not only higher during the wildfire episodes, but the PM was much more toxic to the lung on an equal weight basis than was PM collected from normal ambient air in the region. Toxicity was manifested as increased neutrophils and protein in lung lavage and by histologic indicators of increased cell influx and edema in the lung.We conclude that the wildfire PM contains chemical components toxic to the lung, especially to alveolar macrophages, and they are more toxic to the lung than equal doses of PM collected from ambient air from the same region during a comparable season.
Rabbit Urethra Replacement with a Defined Biomatrix or Small Intestinal Submucosa
Authors: J.E. Nuininga, H. van Moerkerk, A. Hanssen, C.A. Hulsbergen, J. Oosterwijk-Wakka, E. Oosterwijk, R.P.E. de Gier, J.A. Schalken, T. van Kuppevelt, W.F.J. Feitz
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Effects of acute exercise on the fibrinolytic and coagulative system in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease
Authors: Tayfun Acil, Enver Atalar, Levent Sahiner, Baris Kaya, Lale Tokgözoglu, Kenan Övünc, Serafettin Kirazil, Ibrahim Haznedaroglu, Sirri Kes, Serdar Aksöyek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Efficacy Research and Unanswered Clinical Questions—Reply
Authors: Benjamin Djulbegovic
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY OF THE SEMINAL DUCT
Authors: W. T. BELFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The human epididymis is currently considered merely an outlet duct for spermatozoa, though why a sperm one five-hundredth inch long must float 20 feet—the length of the small intestine and more than a hundred thousand times its own length—before arriving anywhere is not thus explained. It is known that in quadrupeds the epididymis possesses two functions which may explain its extraordinary length: First, it is a reservoir for sperms, for no quadruped possesses hollow seminal vesicles connected with the vasa deferentia as reservoirs, as does man. Most of them, except the carnivora, are provided with organs called seminal vesicles, but these are usually racemose glands like Cowper's glands; moreover, their ducts empty into the utricle or directly into the urethra, without having any connection with the vasa deferentia (fig. 1). In man, the vas deferens empties obliquely into the seminal vesicle, as does the ureter into the bladder—an arrangement not
Matrix Metalloproteinase Induction of Rac1b, a Key Effector of Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Melody L. Stallings-Mann, Jens Waldmann, Ying Zhang, Erin Miller, Mona L. Gauthier, Daniel W. Visscher, Gregory P. Downey, Evette S. Radisky, Alan P. Fields, Derek C. Radisky
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Rac1b mediates the matrix metalloproteinase–induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma and is a potential therapeutic target in early-stage lung cancer.
Abstract 2321: Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) antitumour agents as chemical probes to determine the number of base pairs required for DNA minor groove structure
Authors: Khondaker M. Rahman, Isabel G. Hijon, Colin H. James, David E. Thurston
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are sequence-selective covalent-binding DNA-interactive agents that fit perfectly in the minor groove of double-stranded DNA due to their isohelical 3-dimensional shape. They possess an electrophilic N10-C11 imine (or the equivalent) that can form a covalent aminal bond between their C11-position and the C2-NH2 group of a guanine. One synthetic PBD dimer, SJG-136, has just entered Phase II clinical trials. Previous studies using HPLC/MS, CD spectroscopy, high-field NMR, X-ray crystallography and gel-based assays such as DNA footprinting and in vitro transcription stop are all consistent with the requirement for duplex DNA for covalent binding. Conversely, it is well-documented that PBDs will not interact with single stranded DNA which lacks minor groove structure. In this study, these observations served as a basis to use PBDs as chemical probes to determine the minimum number of bases required to create a minor groove environment within a DNA duplex. Thus we studied reaction of the naturally-occurring anthramycin (3 base pair span) and the synthetic C8-linked PBD bis-pyrrole conjugate GWL-78 (6 base pair span) with a range of designed duplex oligonucleotides of increasing length (3 to 11 base pairs), each containing an AGA binding triplet. Reaction was monitored by HPLC/MS which provided data on both the rate and extent of reaction, and the structure of DNA adducts formed. For both anthramycin and GWL-78, we found that a minimum of 7 DNA base pairs were required for reaction to occur, suggesting that this may represent the minimum necessary to provide a suitable minor groove environment. Furthermore, we found that the rate of reaction for both PBDs increased with the length of the oligonucleotide between 7 to 10 base pairs. It is noteworthy that GWL-78 is approximately twice the length of anthramycin but both require at least 7 base pairs in order to covalently bind. This suggests that both may be responding to the formation of a minor groove environment in an oligonucleotide that reaches 7 base pairs in length, rather than a direct relationship between the length of the PBD and the number of base pairs in the oligonucleotide. These observations were supported by molecular modeling which confirmed that 7 base pairs are required to provide minor groove structure. This is the first study to use a chemical probe of this type to monitor formation of a minor groove. This information should be useful in the design of future generations of PBDs and similar DNA-interacting anticancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2321. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2321
Mixed Meningitis
Authors: Harry T. Wright, Robert M. McAllister, Robert Ward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ALTHOUGH numerous reviews of bacterial meningitis1 , 2 and viral meningitis3 , 4 have been published within the past decade, no case of meningitis has come to our attention in which both a bacterium and a virus have been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. The purpose of this report is twofold: to report such a case; and to present laboratory data indicating that such a double infection did not occur in 148 other patients with meningitis whose cerebrospinal fluid was examined for both bacteria and viruses.Case ReportA 10-month-old girl with mongolism (C.H.L.A. 205881) was admitted to the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles . . .
Abstract P3-10-28: Breast Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Have a Different Clinical Significance of the Ki-67 Expression before and after the Treatment
Authors: N Wada, S Asaga, C Yamauchi, S Fujii
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Reliable predictive and prognostic markers for routine diagnostic purposes are needed for breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Ki-67 is a marker for proliferating cells and is overexpressed in many breast cancers. Aim of this analysis was to evaluate the potential role of Ki-67 as a biomarker for the breast cancer patients with NAC. Patients and Methods: A retrospective search of a prospectively maintained clinical breast cancer database was performed to identify patients treated with NAC at the National Cancer Center Hospital East. The expression of Ki-67 was assessed using immunohistochemistry (MIB-1) in pretherapy core-needle biopsy and post-therapy surgical excision specimens. Levels of Ki-67 index (percentage of Ki-67 positive cancer nuclei) were dichotomized as high (over 10%) and low (less or equal 10%). Survival curve was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Log-Rank test was used to detect differences. Results: Records were available for 296 patients who were received NAC (anthracycline and/or taxane based) between Nov 2001 and Nov 2009. High and low Ki-67 index in pre-therapy were 173 and 123 cases, respectively. 51 cases (17%) of all achieved a pathological complete response (pCR: no residual invasive disease in the breast). pCR rate (23%) in high Ki-67 was significantly different from that (9%) in low Ki-67. 5-year overall survival estimates were 69% and 75%, respectively. However, there was not difference between the groups in overall survival curve at a median follow-up time of 31 months. Of 245 cases with residual invasive, high and low Ki-67 index in post-therapy were 80 and 165 cases, respectively. 62 cases maintained high Ki-67 index before and after NAC, 94 cases maintained low Ki-67 index. There was significantly difference between high and low Ki-67 indexes of post-therapy in overall survival curve (P&amp;lt;0.01), 5-year overall survival estimates were 51% and 81%, respectively. Moreover, there was not significant different between 51 cases with pCR and low Ki-67 index in overall survival curve. Conclusions: Although Ki-67 index in pre-therapy is a useful predictor for the therapeutic response to NAC, high Ki-67 index in pre-therapy dose not imply that the patients have a worse prognosis. Ki-67 index in post-therapy is useful to predict outcomes for patients with residual invasive disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-28.
Lay Distrust of the Medical Profession.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1896)

New York, Oct. 29, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Kindly allow me to make a few comments upon extracts from the editorials in theJournalfor Oct. 24, 1896. "The lay world, as regards both private individuals and governments is so indifferent to or suspicious of us that while endowments, scholarships, etc., running into the millions exist for the encouragement of the study of languages, astronomy, theology, etc., yet medical education and medical students are left solely to self-interest, with almost no endowment to help what is the first necessity of human life—health and the eradication of disease." It is not difficult to make an analysis of the situation and to arrive at a pretty clear logical deduction in explanation for this attitude of the lay world. The trouble lies within our own circle and may be divided into two chief factors. Factor 1. Physicians guard the truth and the right
Sonic boon: ultrasound enhances angiogenic cell therapy
Authors: J. J. Pacella, A. R. Carson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘Ultrasound stimulation restores impaired neovascularization-related capacities of human circulating angiogenic cells’ by Y. Toyama et a l., pp. 448–459, this issue. 

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) affects ∼8 million people per year in the USA alone, and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amputation remains the definitive treatment for severe PVD, despite the numerous negative effects the loss of a limb can have for a patient with PVD.1 Recent advances in molecular and cellular therapeutics offer the possibility that therapeutic angiogenesis may improve patient outcomes and improve the standard of care for patients with PVD.1,2 Gene therapy approaches have been developed to increase neovascularization in models of critical limb ischaemia (CLI) by expressing gene(s) associated with angiogenesis. These approaches have demonstrated much promise at the preclinical level, and have led to numerous efficacy and safety studies with a variety of therapeutic genes. Clinical gene therapy studies have been challenged by the relatively short duration of gene expression in some systems, as well as by the suboptimal distribution of gene expression, and have failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of gene therapy over placebo. …
A valuable lesson
Authors: Monika Bajaj
Journal: BMJ (2006)

hospital for drainage of a perianal abscess.At his first HIV outpatient visit he had a CD4 lymphocyte count of 1006 × 10 9 /l.In view of his continuing rectal symptoms, the possibility of LGV was considered.A rectal swab was positive for Chlamydia, which was confirmed as LGV.We treated him with 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily for three weeks, and his symptoms resolved.
Improved asthma outcomes from allergy specialist care: A population-based cross-sectional analysis
Authors: M SCHATZ, R ZEIGER, D MOSEN, A APTER, W VOLLMER, T STIBOLT, A LEONG, M JOHNSON, G MENDOZA, E COOK
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

Prior studies suggest that allergist care improves asthma outcomes, but many of these studies have methodological shortcomings.We sought to compare patient-based and medical utilization outcomes in randomly selected asthmatic patients cared for by allergists versus primary care providers.A random sample of 3568 patients enrolled in a staff model health maintenance organization who were given diagnoses of persistent asthma completed surveys. Of these participants, 1679 (47.1%) identified a primary care provider as their regular source of asthma care, 884 (24.8%) identified an allergist, 693 (19.4%) reported no regular source of asthma care, and 195 (5.5%) identified a pulmonologist. Validated quality of life, control, severity, patient satisfaction, and self-management knowledge tools and linked administrative data that captured medication use were compared between groups, adjusting for demographics and baseline hospital and corticosteroid use.Compared with those followed by primary care providers, patients of allergists reported significantly higher (P < .001) generic physical and asthma-specific quality of life, less asthma control problems, less severe symptoms, higher satisfaction with care, and greater self-management knowledge. Patients of allergists were less likely than patients of primary care providers to require an asthma hospitalization (odds ratio, 0.45) or unscheduled visit (odds ratio, 0.71) and to overuse beta-agonists (odds ratio, 0.47) and were more likely to receive inhaled steroids (odds ratio, 1.81) during their past year.Allergist care is associated with a wide range of improved outcomes in asthmatic patients compared with care provided by primary care providers.
Penicillin for Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Brendan Phibbs
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article, "Penicillin Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis" (222:657, 1972) is misleading in several contexts. The most serious error is the use of a mixed type of penicillin for intramuscular treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Mixtures of procaine and benzathine penicillin have been roundly condemned by every leading authority in the field and should never be used for streptococcal pharyngitis because (1) there is usually an inadequate quantity of benzathine penicillin, and (2) the procaine penicillin is needless. Studies by Stollerman and others have demonstrated beyond question that benzathine penicillin alone reaches a streptococcallethal level as rapidly as does any type of injected penicillin. Many pediatricians and other clinicians persist in the use of these mixed preparations, to the detriment of their patients. Two milliliters of the various mixtures of procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin contain 600,000 units of benzathine penicillin—a quantity simply not adequate for many patients—particularly older,
Gene Polymorphism but not Catalytic Activity of Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction in Low-Risk Patients
Authors: Andreas Gardemann, Tanja Weiß, Oliver Schwartz, Andreas Eberbach, Norbert Katz, Friedrich Wilhelm Hehrlein, Harald Tillmanns, Wolfgang Waas, Werner Haberbosch
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been postulated to be associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results In the present study, the effects of I/D gene polymorphism and of ACE activity on CAD and MI were investigated in 920 individuals who underwent coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes. In the total population and in all CAD and MI groups, a strong association was observed between the gene polymorphism and ACE activities; DD genotypes had approximately twofold higher ACE activities than II genotypes. Although classic risk and protective factors of CAD and MI were identified, associations of ACE genotype and of ACE activity to CAD and MI were not detected in the total population. Among subjects defined to be at lower risk of MI by low body mass index and low cigarette consumption, however, an association of the DD genotype with MI was found. Exclusion of individuals with triglyceride levels &gt;140 mg/dL and cholesterol levels &gt;180 mg/dL revealed an association of the DD genotype with CAD. An association of the ACE activity with CAD or MI could not be demonstrated in any of the low-risk populations. Conclusions Increased ACE activity obviously is not a risk factor of CAD or MI. The importance of the deletion polymorphism for the development of CAD and MI may be restricted to individuals without classic risk factors.