tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CASE OF RIGHT CECAL HERNIA, COMPLICATED BY HYDROCELE AND SUPPURATIVE APPENDICITIS.
Authors: RAYMOND CUSTER TURCK
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Mr. D. G., aged 78, was sent into the Chicago Hospital with a diagnosis of probable strangulated inguinal hernia. Patient was found suffering intense abdominal pain, and unable to pass feces or flatus; temperature was 101.4, pulse 110, respirations 34. There was no nausea or vomiting. He gave a history of having had right inguinal hernia for over sixty years, with small hernia on left side for about twenty years. He had worn a truss and had suffered no previous pain or particular inconvenience other than an obstinate constipation. Bowels had not moved for ten days previous to entering hospital. It was impossible to get a satisfactory history. Physical examination revealed a greatly distended, generally tender, and markedly tympanitic abdomen. Hernia on left side was protruding at the external ring, about the size of a hen's egg. Right hernia was very large, scrotum extending downward nearly twelve inches. In the
The EWYM syndrome-asymptomatic gonorrhea (embarrassed, worried young man)
Authors: R. Gleckman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

WHEN I walked into my office waiting room, I noticed a young man sitting alone in a corner. I had never seen him before; my receptionist informed me that an appointment had been arranged for him by a young woman who had telephoned. In requesting the office visit, she had only stated that the young man should be checked out.  In the privacy of the examining room, the young man grinned sheepishly and told me that he lived with a woman college student who had recently required treatment for hot tubes. It was this event that precipitated the request for a medical evaluation. The woman denied having had sexual relationships with other men during the last year, and my patient denied having been sick in  way, and certainly didn't have any drip. Since the relationship was becoming strained due to the question of infidelity, it appeared necessary to go
Oseltamivir adherence and side effects among children in three London schools affected by influenza A(H1N1)v, May 2009 – an internet-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: A Kitching, A Roche, S Balasegaram, R Heathcock, H Maguire
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

This report describes the results of a cross-sectional anonymised online survey on adherence to, and side effects from oseltamivir when offered for prophylaxis, among pupils from one primary and two secondary schools with confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)v in London in April-May 2009. Of 103 respondents (response rate 40%), 95 were estimated to have been offered oseltamivir for prophylaxis, of whom 85 (89%) actually took any. Less than half (48%) of primary schoolchildren completed a full course, compared to three-quarters (76%) of secondary schoolchildren. More than half (53%) of all schoolchildren taking prophylactic oseltamivir reported one or more side effects. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported by 40% of children and 18% reported a mild neuropsychiatric side effect. The results confirmed anecdotal evidence of poor adherence, provided timely information with which to assist decision-making, and formed part of the body of growing evidence that contributed to policy changes to restrict widespread use of prophylaxis for school contacts of confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)v.
Characterization of the Content of Occluded Biliary Endoprostheses
Authors: A.K. Groen, T. Out, K. Huibregtse, B. Delzenne, F.J. Hoek, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

In an attempt to establish why biliary endoprostheses clog we analysed the contents of 21 occluded endoprostheses. The major components of the endoprosthesis sludge were protein (25%) and an insoluble residue (20%) which consisted mainly of plant fibers. Compared with bile the material was also rich in unconjugated bilirubin, while the major components of bile--bile acids and lecithin--accounted for only 15%. Although the sludge often contained some cholesterol crystals, no cholesterol gallstones or pigment or mixed stones were found. The material contained bacteria, but not in abundance. Scanning electron microscopy of the walls of clogged endoprostheses revealed adherence of amorphous material, probably protein. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein fraction of the material from different endoprostheses showed a characteristic pattern. The material always contained two major bands of approximately 16 and 13 kDalton, which were not observed in corresponding bile samples. The 16 and 13 kDalton proteins bound most avidly to the endoprosthesis wall. We postulate that the initial phase in the clogging process is adsorption of proteins, after which other materials such as bacteria, fibers from food and unconjugated bilirubin bind to the wall of the endoprosthesis.
Universal Health Insurance Through Incentives Reform
Authors: Alain C. Enthoven, Richard Kronick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Roughly 35 million Americans have no health care coverage. Health care expenditures are out of control. The problems of access and cost are inextricably related. Important correctable causes include cost-unconscious demand, a system not organized for quality and economy, market failure, and public funds not distributed equitably or effectively to motivate widespread coverage. We propose Public Sponsor agencies to offer subsidized coverage to those otherwise uninsured, mandated employer-provided health insurance, premium contributions from all employers and employees, a limit on tax-free employer contributions to employee health insurance, and "managed competition." Our proposed new government revenues equal proposed new outlays. We believe our proposal will work because efficient managed care does exist and can provide satisfactory care for a cost far below that of the traditional fee-for-service third-party payment system. Presented with an opportunity to make an economically responsible choice, people choose value for money; the dynamic created by these individual choices will give providers strong incentives to render high-quality, economical care. We believe that providers will respond to these incentives. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2532-2536)
Allergy-related outcomes in relation to serum IgE: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006
Authors: Päivi M. Salo, Agustin Calatroni, Peter J. Gergen, Jane A. Hoppin, Michelle L. Sever, Renee Jaramillo, Samuel J. Arbes, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Role of sequestration-induced loss of protein C receptors in coagulation and inflammation in cerebral malaria
Authors: Christopher Moxon, Samuel Wassmer, Danny Milner, Ngawina Chisala, Terrie Taylor, Karl Seydel, Malcolm Molyneux, Charles Esmon, Colin Downey, Cheng-Hock Toh, Alister Craig, Robert Heyderman
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Detecting occult cardiac disease in athletes: history that makes a difference
Authors: Irfan M Asif, Jonathan A Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> In clinical practice, translating the benefits of a sustained physically active lifestyle on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is difficult. A walking prescription may be an effective alternative. <h3>Aim</h3> To examine the effect of a 10 000 steps per day prescription on glycaemic control of patients with T2DM. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Forty-six adults with T2DM attending a general outpatient clinic were randomised into two equal groups. The intervention group was given goals to accumulate 10 000 steps per day for 10 weeks, whereas the control group maintained their normal activity habits. <h3>Method</h3> Daily step count was measured with waist-mounted pedometer and baseline and endline average steps per day. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), anthropometric, and cardiovascular measurements were also obtained. An intention-to-treat analysis was done. <h3>Results</h3> The average baseline step count was 4505 steps per day for all participants, and the average step count in the intervention group for the last 4 weeks of the study period was higher by 2913 steps per day (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1274 to 4551, <i>F</i> (2, 37.7) = 18.90, <i>P</i>&lt;0.001). Only 6.1% of the intervention group participants achieved the 10 000 steps per day goal. The mean baseline HbA1c was 6.6% (range = 5.3 to 9.0). Endline HbA1c was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference −0.74%, 95% CI = −1.32 to −0.02, <i>F</i> = 12.92, <i>P</i> = 0.015) after adjusting for baseline HbA1c. There was no change in anthropometric and cardiovascular indices. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Adherence to 10 000 steps per day prescription is low but may still be associated with improved glycaemic control in T2DM. Motivational strategies for better adherence would improve glycaemic control.
Clinical Disorders of Iron Metabolism
Authors: Ward D. Noyes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

If familiarity does indeed breed contempt, most physicians should have little respect for clinical problems involving iron. We have learned to consider iron deficiency as a common feature of young adult women; we find excessive iron stores in a high proportion of patients with hepatic cirrhosis; and we recognize a block in iron transport as an integral part of the anemia of chronic disease. Despite repeated confrontations and our considerable body of knowledge, we should not be surprised that new subtleties of clinical iron disorders are continually being found or rediscovered. The association of iron depletion in chronic renal hemodialysis, the finding of relative folic acid deficiency in some patients with iron lack, and the effective treatment of acute iron poisoning with the chelating agent deferoxamine illustrate recent advances discussed in this new edition. As stated in the preface, 40% of the 1,700 references were published in the eight years
Unusual Chemosensitivity of Advanced Bronchioalveolar Carcinoma after Gefitinib Response and Progression: A Case Report
Authors: Rafal Dziadziuszko, Anna Siemiątkowska, Janusz Limon, Witold Rzyman, Jacek Jassem, Paul A. Bunn, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Quantitative radiography of osteoarthritis.
Authors: J C Buckland-Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Chlamydia muridarum</i> (Cm) was detected in mice from 2 colonies with lymphoplasmacytic pulmonary infiltrates using PCR and immunohistochemistry. This discovery was unexpected as Cm infection had not been reported in laboratory mice since the 1940’s. A Cm specific PCR assay was developed and testing implemented for resident colonies from 8 vivaria from 3 academic institutions, 58 incoming mouse shipments from 39 academic institutions, and mice received from 55 commercial breeding colonies (4 vendors). To estimate Cm’s global prevalence in laboratory colonies, a database containing 11,387 metagenomic fecal microbiota samples from 120 institutions and a cohort of 900 diagnostic fecal samples from 96 institutions were examined. Results indicate significant prevalence amongst academic institutions with Cm detected in 62.9% of soiled bedding sentinels from 3 institutions; 32.7% of incoming mouse shipments from 39 academic institutions; 14.2% of 120 institutions submitting microbiota samples; and 16.2% of the diagnostic sample cohort. All samples from commercial breeding colonies were negative. Additionally, naïve NSG mice exposed to Cm shedding mice and their soiled bedding developed clinical disease 21 to 28 days following exposure. These mice had a moderate-to-severe histiocytic and neutrophilic bronchointerstitial pneumonia with respiratory epithelium demonstrating inclusions, chlamydial major outer membrane protein immunostaining as well as hybridization with a Cm reference sequence (GenBank accession no. U68436). Cm was isolated on HeLa 229 cells from lungs, cecum, and feces of a Cm infected NSG mouse. The considerable prevalence of Cm is likely attributed to widespread global interinstitutional distribution of unique mouse strains and failure to recognize that some of these mice were from endemically infected colonies. Given that experimental Cm colonization of mice results in a robust immune response and, on occasion, pathology, natural infection may confound experimental results. Therefore, Cm should be excluded and eradicated from endemically infected laboratory mouse colonies.
The link between hepatosteatosis and cells of the immune system†
Authors: Anna Alisi, Nadia Panera, Valerio Nobili
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the article by Kremer et al., 1 on the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production by Kupffer cells in fatty liver, and its possible impact in the reduction of hepatic resident natural killer T (NKT) cells using an animal model of hepatosteatosis (mice fed choline-deficient diet for 0-20 weeks). As previously demonstrated, 2 in this study the authors found that hepatosteatosis in mice that were fed a chronic choline-deficient diet is characterized at the hepatic level by the induction of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, elevated content of IL-12, and by a remarkable reduction in the number and activity of NKT cells. Interestingly, all these effects are undetectable in IL-12–depleted mice fed a choline-deficient diet, even if fatty liver is equally present. Several studies 2- 4 conducted on different metabolic animal models of hepatic steatosis have reported the relationship between lipid accumulation, increased Th1 cytokine production (i.e., tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and interferon-gamma), and hepatic NKT cell depletion. IL-12 is well known as a NKT cell inductor able to stimulate the production/release of large amounts of interferon-gamma and to activate specific transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4). 5 However, the IL-12 increase may not be the sole factor involved in death-dependent NKT cell depletion: others factors, such as dietary factors, might interfere, for example, with mechanisms that mediate the hepatic homing and apoptosis of NKT cells. 6 All these findings noticeably demonstrated that NKT cell reduction is an effect of a combination between intrahepatic fat accumulation and IL-12 increase rather than a cause of hepatosteatosis. However, the real unresolved question is the connection between intrahepatic fat accumulation and up-regulated hepatic IL-12 messenger RNA levels. Once again, as demonstrated by Kremer et al., 1 and as anticipated by other studies, 7 the activation of Kupffer cells by an endotoxin-mediated mechanism could be the link between fatty liver, inflammatory response, and a reduction of NKT cell population. Noteworthy, this phenomenon could be either an effect of fatty liver or an early signal for the development of fibrosis. 8 Therefore, it might be very interesting to investigate whether the number of NKT cells may be a predictive marker of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, research favors the hypothesis of the role of endotoxin and the toll like receptor-4 in diet-induced steatohepatitis. 9 Yet, we would emphasize how many points are still obscure on the molecular mechanisms regulating this intricate network of interactions between cells of the immune system and hepatocellular damage. Anna Alisi Ph.D.*, Nadia Panera*, Valerio Nobili M.D.*, * Liver Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy.
Registrar Cover for Obstetric Unit
Authors: J. J. Shipman
Journal: BMJ (1971)

there was a deficiency of dopamine in the corpus striatum there would be a release of acetylcholine, which would produce symp- toms of its own when it could not fulfil its usual function of releasing dopamine.This would account for the bradykinesia, increas- ing tremor, etc., which are controlled by giving benzotropine.-I am, etc.,
A case of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) induced by telaprevir associated with HHV-6 active infection
Authors: Francesco Broccolo, Giulia Ciccarese, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco Drago
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Letter to the EditorA Case of Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) In-duced by Telaprevir Associated with HHV-6 Active InfectionFrancesco Broccolo, Giulia Ciccarese, Antonino Picciotto, Francesco DragoPII: S0168-8278(14)00668-0DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.014Reference: JHEPAT 5348To appear in:
Intestinal-mucosa anti-transglutaminase antibody assays to test for genetic gluten intolerance
Authors: Sara Quaglia, Luigina De Leo, Fabiana Ziberna, Serena Vatta, Vincenzo Villanacci, Marilena Granzotto, Vincenzo Petix, Stefano Martelossi, Grazia Di Leo, Lucio Torelli, Tarcisio Not
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Fluorescent Spectrophotometric Analysis in the Evaluation of Porphyria
Authors: Douglas S. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1994)

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The True Cost of Conflict
Authors: I. Doucet
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Michael Cranna for Saferworld Earthscan, pounds sterling14.95, pp 208 ISBN 1 85383 254 5

There are more regional conflicts and civil wars now, five years after the end of the cold war, than at any time this century. Since 1945, 22 million people have been killed in wars, and the proportion of civilian casualties has risen from 50% to 84%. If we were all aware of their full costs would there be fewer wars?

Saferworld's investigation of seven areas …
Role of sialic acid for platelet life span: exposure of β-galactose results in the rapid clearance of platelets from the circulation by asialoglycoprotein receptor–expressing liver macrophages and hepatocytes
Authors: Anne Louise Sørensen, Viktoria Rumjantseva, Sara Nayeb-Hashemi, Henrik Clausen, John H. Hartwig, Hans H. Wandall, Karin M. Hoffmeister
Journal: Blood (2009)
Bias Against Negative Studies in Newspaper Reports of Medical Research
Authors: Gideon Koren
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess if the reporting of controversial medical journal articles by newspapers reflects the existence of a bias against negative studies (those showing no effect), we compared the rates of newspaper reporting of two studies, one negative and one positive, published back-to-back in the March 20, 1991, issue of<i>JAMA</i>. Both studies analyzed an area of public health concern, radiation as a risk for cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —Seven computerized on-line databases were screened for daily newspapers published in North America during the week following<i>JAMA</i>'s publication of the two studies. These databases had full-text access to 168 daily newspapers. Newspapers identified with reports of the two studies were analyzed for length and quality of the reports. <h3>Results.</h3> —Seventeen newspapers, publishing 19 reports on the two studies, were identified. Nine reports were dedicated solely to the positive study and 10 reports covered both studies. None of the reports were dedicated to the negative study only. In reports covering both studies, the mean length of the positive reports was significantly longer than the mean length of the negative reports (354±181 words vs 192±178 words;<i>P</i>=.04). The mean quality score of the positive reports was significantly higher than that of the negative reports (10.1 ±3.4 vs 5.9±4.9;<i>P</i>=.02). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The number, length, and quality of newspaper reports on the positive study were greater than news reports on the negative study, which suggests a bias against news reports of studies showing no effects or no adverse effects. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1824-1826)
AN ANALYSIS OF SEVENTY CASES OF GASTROPTOSIS.
Authors: J. DUTTON STEELE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It is the purpose of the present contribution to place on record the study of a number of cases of gastroptosis, to analyze them and to draw conclusions which will be statistically accurate in the light of our present knowledge of the condition. The view that gastroptosis is usually associated with downward displacement of the transverse colon and movability of one or both kidneys and more rarely of the liver, has long obtained, but if we except the paper of Arneil there has been wanting a collection of cases systematically studied on which to base definite conclusions. The records from which our material has been drawn, except a few cases in our private practice, were taken from our service in the Medical Dispensary of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in the past two years. Our conclusions are based on the study of seventy consecutive cases. The positions of
Author's reply to Naqvi and colleagues
Authors: Q. Sun
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We included more than 13 000 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes identified from more than 350 000 participants in four studies in our meta-analysis on white rice consumption and diabetes risk.1 2 Monitoring all participants for blood glucose concentrations is simply infeasible in such large epidemiological studies. In addition, the effects of including undiagnosed diabetes …