tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND VASCULAR STIFFNESS AS ASSESSED WITH APPLANATION TONOMETRY IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH DIABETES
Authors: Cornelis Roos, Dominique Auger, Roxana Djaberi, Eelco J. de Koning, Ton J. Rabelink, Jan W. Smit, Alberto M. Pereira, Jeroen Bax, Victoria Delgado, Johan Jukema, Arthur Scholte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Protamine inhibits capillary formation in growing rat hearts.
Authors: K Rakusan, Z Turek
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Various indices of capillary supply to the rat heart were studied in neonatal rats injected for 2 or 4 weeks with protamine sulfate in saline (subcutaneously, 60 mg/kg body weight, 2 times/day). Cardiac capillarization was evaluated not only by traditional indices for the capillary supply, such as mean capillary density and myocyte-to-capillary ratio, but also by a more advanced morphometric method of capillary domains. This method allows the estimation of both the average radius of the Krogh tissue cylinder and its variability, which reflects the heterogeneity of capillary spacing found to be an independent morphological determinant of oxygen diffusion in the tissue. The results were evaluated with respect to regional differences (subendocardial vs. middle section), age differences, and the effect of protamine. No regional differences in capillary supply were found in this experimental situation. Hearts from older rats had significantly decreased capillary supply, expressed as lower capillary density, larger capillary domains, and greater radius of the tissue cylinder. On the other hand, the heterogeneity of capillary spacing decreased significantly with age. Protamine-injected animals, when compared to their control littermates, had a significantly higher cell-to-capillary ratio, lower capillary density, larger capillary domains, greater radius of the tissue cylinder, and larger variability in capillary spacing. Thus, protamine was effective in impeding rapid capillary growth in the hearts from rats in the early postnatal period. Close to half of all the existing capillaries in the adult rat hearts are formed during the first 3-4 postnatal weeks.
BMA rejects call for parents of obese children to be charged with neglect
Authors: Andrew Cole and Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors' leaders called for more measures to reduce obesity in children by voting for a reduction in the speed limits on roads near schools, which they believe will encourage more children to walk to school. But they rejected a call for parents of obese children aged under 12 years to be charged with neglect, and one representative described the proposal as mad.

Steve Watkins, of the BMA council, whose motion to urge parliament to debate the wider use of 20 miles per hour (32 kilometres per hour) speed limits was passed by representatives, noted that driving at 40 rather than 20 miles per hour saved only a few …
Left ventricular volumes by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography: a new method.
Authors: R Slutsky, J Karliner, D Ricci, R Kaiser, M Pfisterer, D Gordon, K Peterson, W Ashburn
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To compare radionuclide end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes with angiographic volume, we studied 52 patients with equilibrium radionuclide angiography using 99mTc-human serum albumin within 48 hours of contrast angiography. Each RR interval was divided into 20--28 equally timed frames and a time-activity curve generated. End-diastolic counts were taken at the early peak of the curve and end-systolic counts at its nadir. Counts were divided by the total number of processed heart beats and normalized for: 1) dose per body surface area; 2) plasma volume; and 3) counts/ml of plasma. A cardiac phantom was developed and serial volumes were studied using a normalization factor. Radionuclide values were expressed as dimensionless units and compared with either biplane angiographic volumes (in the patient studies) or known phantom volumes. Good correlations were obtained with methods 1 and 2 in 35 patients (r greater than 0.84), but the best correlation was obtained in 17 patients when normalization for counts/ml of plasma was used (r = 0.98; y = 0.255 x -0.121). The standard error of the estimate (SEE) was +/- 11.5 ml for EDV and +/- 7.3 ml for ESV. The phantom study also showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.99), with a SEE of +/- 6.5 ml. We conclude that a radionuclide method independent of geometric assumptions can be used to estimate left ventricular volume in man.
Deletions within the HSV-tk transgene in long-lasting circulating gene-modified T cells infused with a hematopoietic graft
Authors: Marina Deschamps, Patricia Mercier-Lethondal, Jean Marie Certoux, Carole Henry, Bruno Lioure, Céline Pagneux, Jean Yves Cahn, Eric Deconinck, Eric Robinet, Pierre Tiberghien, Christophe Ferrand
Journal: Blood (2007)
Detection of T cell receptor alpha chain locus rearrangements in human antigen-specific T lymphocyte clones using a DNA probe specific for chromosome region 14q11.
Authors: D Mathieu-Mahul, L K Chen, C J Larsen, A Bensussan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human cloned antigen-specific T lymphocytes were used to characterize DNA rearrangements using a cDNA probe from the T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha chain gene. Rearranged patterns were detected in some T cell clones, confirming that normal mature T cells are rearranged in TCR-alpha locus. Similarly, rearranged DNA patterns were found in T cell clones from the same panel, using a DNA probe (clone K-40, [1]) isolated from chromosome 14 (14q11), where the TCR-alpha locus has been mapped. These results suggest that this genomic DNA clone is located within the TCR-alpha chain locus.
A REPORT OF SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY IN TWO CASES OF ADVANCED SCHIZOPHRENIC ORGANISMIC STAGNATION
Authors: OSWALD H. BOLTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

The author has reported the clinical course of two advanced cases of schizophrenic organismic stagnation, in whom recovery from the psychosis occurred spontaneously, because in his opinion they suggest the following constructive points: 1. That schizophrenia is, potentially, a reversible functional disorder of the total organism. 2. That a potentially schizophrenic organism is subject to certain variable susceptivities which do not characterize the relatively normal human organism. Associated with these variable susceptivities is an increased degree of emotional hyperaesthesia, resulting probably from a consensual biochemical heightening of irritability in certain parts of the nervous system, which, for functional reasons peculiar to the schizophrenic organism, becomes reversed into emotional anaesthesia or a condition usually described as "withdrawal." 3. There are schizophrenic organisms and schizophrenic organisms, allomorphic schizophrenic organisms, so to speak, which display a series of related, yet variable, organismis responses and syndromes. 4. Profound schizophrenic stagnation, perse, need not imply irreversibility. 5. In schizophrenia, psychosexual frustration appears to be only an aggravating, or contributory factor in the development of the psychosis. 6. Opinions on prognosis in schizophrenia are only relative and not absolute. 7. Profoundly stagnated schizophrenic patients may recover from the psychosis without narcosynthesis, psychoanalysis, shock therapy, etc., and the field for research into conservative methods of treatment is still virgin soil. 8. The delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia are symptoms and not causes. 9. Each case of schizophrenia presents an individual constellation of therapeutic problems. 10. All narrow and dogmatic concepts as to the nature of schizophrenia may deprive a patient of possible recovery. 11. A broader, more flexible, and organismically oriented concept of schizophrenia and its treatment seems not only desirable but urgent. 12. Schizophrenia appears to be one aspect of a chronic disorder of the organism, associated with peculiar susceptivities, whose terminal phase is characterized by psychotic manifestations.
Rubella (German Measles) and Congenital Deformities
Authors: Conrad Wesselhoeft
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE part played by rubella in the production of congenital deformities presents a serious problem in medical practice as well as in public health. The report by Gregg in 1941 of 78 cases of congenital cataract following maternal rubella aroused the attention of the medical profession to the dangers of this disease to the fetus in the early months of pregnancy. Since then numerous studies have been carried out confirming these original findings, as well as showing that other injuries to the fetus of equal gravity may ensue. Indeed, this virus appears to be capable of bringing about a pattern . . .
Demonstration of antibodies to bovine desmocollin isoforms in certain pemphigus sera
Authors: M. DMOCHOWSKI, T. HASHIMOTO, M.A.J. CHIDGEY, K.K.M. YUE, R.W. WILKINSON, T. NISHIKAWA, D.R. GARROD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Summary We have shown previously that IgG antibodies in certain pemphigus sera. particularly endemic Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (BPF) sera. react with bovine desmocollins (Dsc). which are transmembranous glycoproteins of desmosome junctions. Desmocollins occur as three different isoforms (Dsc 1, 2 and 3). all of which are represented in the epidermis. In this study. we examined sera of various pemphigus types by immunoblotting purified bovine desmosomes and bovine Dsc l, 2 and 3 fusion proteins. expressed in pGEX expression vectors. Six of l5 (40.0%) BPF sera. two of 18 (11.1%) non-endemic pemphigus foliaceus sera. eight of 39 (20.5%) pemphigus vulgaris (PV) sera. and two of l l (18.2%) normal sera. showed reactivity with Dsc from desmosomes. Experiments with fusioni proteins showed that no Dsc isoform was specifically recognized by sera of any individual pemphigus type. Our results indicate that the pathogenesis of pemphigus might be more complex than previously believed.
Screening for Aldosteronism
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

It is now 25 years since Conn 1 first described an aldosteronesecreting adrenal adenoma that manifested itself clinically by hypertension and hypokalemia. Since that time the nature of primary aldosteronism, its subdivisions, and its therapy have been reasonably well defined. The early exaggerated estimate of its prevalence has been slashed from 20% of hypertensive patients to less than 2%, and the prevalence of surgically curable aldosteronism to much less than that.  In view of the relative rarity of primary aldosteronism and the cost in terms of time and money entailed in its diagnosis, most clinicians do not screen their hypertensive patients for aldosteronism unless it is strongly suspected.  Streeten et al 2 take issue with this conservative approach. Even though the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in their series of 1,036 consecutive referred hypertensive patients was only 2.2% and that of aldosterone-secreting adenomas was only 0.5%, they make a plea for
Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families: an integrated multiagency approach
Authors: Peter J Fleming, Peter S Blair, Peter D Sidebotham, Tracy Hayler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The sudden unexpected death of an infant or child is one of the worst events to happen to any family. Bereaved parents expect and should receive appropriate, thorough, and sensitive investigations to identify the medical causes of such deaths. As a result, several parallel needs must be fulfilled. Firstly, the needs of the family must be recognised—including the need for information and support. Further, there is the need to identify any underlying medical causes of death that may have genetic or public health implications; the need for a thorough forensic investigation to exclude unnatural causes of death; and the need to protect siblings and subsequent children.1–5 Alongside this, families need to be protected from false or inappropriate accusations. Limitations in the present coronial system have led to delays or failures to detect deaths caused by relatives, carers, or health professionals.6 w1 w2 w3 Several recent, highly publicised trials have highlighted the possibilities of parents facing such accusations. As a result of this the whole process of death certification has come under intense scrutiny.7–9 w1 w2 w3

We review the medical, forensic, and sociological literature on the optimal investigation and care of families after the sudden death of a child. We describe the implementation in the former county of Avon of a structured multiagency approach and the potential benefits for families and professionals.

We conducted a literature search of Medline, the Social Science Citation Index, and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences from 1966 to 2002, and CINAHL from 1982 to 2002, using the search terms “death scene” plus “sudden infant death syndrome,” and “child abuse” plus “sudden infant death or death, sudden.” We also searched the extensive database of relevant publications held in the Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths research …
Temporal Trends in Ischemic Stroke and Anticoagulation Therapy Among Medicare Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gautam R. Shroff, Craig A. Solid, Charles A. Herzog
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation, Symptoms, and Stroke Risk: Comment on "Discerning the Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation Before and After Catheter Ablation (DISCERN AF)"
T cells in peripheral blood after gluten challenge in coeliac disease
Authors: R P Anderson
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Current understanding of T cell epitopes in coeliac disease (CD) largely derives from intestinal T cell clones in vitro. T cell clones allow identification of gluten peptides that stimulate T cells but do not quantify their contribution to the overall gluten specific T cell response in individuals with CD when exposed to gluten in vivo. <b>Aims:</b> To determine the contribution of a putative dominant T cell epitope to the overall gliadin T cell response in HLA-DQ2 CD in vivo. <b>Patients:</b> HLA-DQ2+ individuals with CD and healthy controls. <b>Methods:</b> Subjects consumed 20 g of gluten daily for three days. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) ELISPOT was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to enumerate and characterise peptide and gliadin specific T cells before and after gluten challenge. <b>Results:</b> In 50/59 CD subjects, irrespective of homo- or heterozygosity for HLA-DQ2, IFN-γ ELISPOT responses for an optimal concentration of A-gliadin 57–73 Q-E65 were between 10 and 1500 per million PBMC, equivalent to a median 51% of the response for a “near optimal” concentration of deamidated gliadin. Whole deamidated gliadin and gliadin epitope specific T cells induced in peripheral blood expressed an intestinal homing integrin (α4β7) and were HLA-DQ2 restricted. Peripheral blood T cells specific for A-gliadin 57–73 Q-E65 are rare in untreated CD but can be predictably induced two weeks after gluten exclusion. <b>Conclusion:</b> In vivo gluten challenge is a simple safe method that allows relevant T cells to be analysed and quantified in peripheral blood by ELISPOT, and should permit comprehensive high throughput mapping of gluten T cell epitopes in large numbers of individuals with CD.
Thrombus regression in deep venous thrombosis. Quantification of spontaneous thrombolysis with duplex scanning.
Authors: B van Ramshorst, P S van Bemmelen, H Hoeneveld, J A Faber, B C Eikelboom
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Thrombus regression in heparin-treated, acute deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity is poorly documented in the literature; different rates of thrombus resolution and recanalization are reported. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective follow-up study, duplex scanning was used to evaluate the thrombus regression in patients with documented acute femoropopliteal thrombosis. Eighty vein segments in 20 legs of 18 patients were subjected to repeat duplex scans at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 26 weeks after diagnosis; 49 segments showed thrombus at diagnosis. The popliteal vein showed the highest thrombus load at diagnosis, followed in descending order by the superficial femoral, profunda femoris, and common femoral vein segments (p less than 0.001). Thrombus regression was significant (p less than 0.001) in all segments and proceeded at an exponential rate that was equal in the different vein segments of the upper leg. Both thrombus resolution and recanalization appeared to be a function of the initial thrombus load and could not be related to individual vein segments. Recanalization was seen in 23 of 31 initially occluded segments and occurred within the first 6 weeks after diagnosis in 20 of 23 segments. Extension of thrombus despite anticoagulant therapy was observed in 15 vein segments and was not related to the initial thrombosis score (p = 0.1) or individual vein segments (p = 0.23). Thrombus extension in seven patients with prethrombotic conditions was not different (p = 0.9) from the other patients. CONCLUSIONS Duplex scanning is an important noninvasive tool to quantify thrombus regression in acute deep venous thrombosis in detail without unnecessary discomfort to the patient.
Gabapentin may cause reversible visual field constriction
Authors: Jon M Durnian, Louis G Clearkin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Contraction and convergence: myth and realityEditor-The review of climate change issues in the BMJ of 10 June was comprehensive.On grounds of morality, the principle of contraction and convergence is unassailable. 1 In the real world, it is a pipe dream.It would work only by being enforcible, which implies an international policing authority with real teeth.Can we seriously believe that the United States, China, or Russia would submit to such an authority?Sadly there is no mileage in morality when affluent lifestyles are threatened.It is right to plead for changes in individual behaviour, but only the de-carbonising of energy at source will make a predictable and sustained impact on carbon dioxide emissions.The only long term route to this goal will be through the adoption of renewable energy technologies on two levels.Firstly, small scale to micro-generation systems are rapidly approaching market viability.Within five to 10 years, millions of homes could become cost effective mini-power stations linked to a local mini-grid under the umbrella of distributed generation.The Energy Saving Trust estimates that this sector could meet 40% of UK electricity demand. 2 Secondly, base load electricity could be provided by gigawatt scale technologies mostly drawing energy from wind, rivers, and seas.Tidal stream, tidal estuary, tidal impoundment, wave power, and offshore wind could more than match the output of today's nuclear power. 3 In the short term, "balancing power" to compensate for intermittency would be provided by combined cycle gas power plants.In the longer term, surplus electricity, which is an intrinsic problem with renewables, will be directed to producing hydrogen for grid connected gigawatt scale fuel cells in a symbiotic coupling with high energy density renewables installations.All this will, of course, depend on massive government investment, but so would nuclear energy.On the demand side, buildings are the biggest carbon culprits.The only effective answer, embracing both new and existing buildings, is the concept of the carbon budget, enforcible by law.This could also be adapted for transport.These have complex implications, perhaps for another time.
Mutagens in coffee and other beverages.
Authors: M Nagao, Y Fujita, K Wakabayashi, H Nukaya, T Kosuge, T Sugimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A cup of coffee contains mutagens which produce about 5 X 10(4)-10(5) revertants of Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without S9 mix. One of the mutagens was identified to be methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal was present in various beverages such as black tea, whisky, and brandy. Methylglyoxal itself induced tumors in rats when administered by subcutaneous injection. However, the mutagenic properties of coffee were different from those of methylglyoxal. The mutagenicity of coffee was suppressed by catalase, and coffee was found to contain hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, coffee solution was found to have a hydrogen peroxide-generating system. Instant coffee (15 mg/mL) contains 130 microM hydrogen peroxide immediately after the dissolution of coffee powder in water at room temperature. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased with time. The mutagenicity of methylglyoxal was increased by the copresence of hydrogen peroxide. A maximum of 30-fold enhancement was observed. The mutagenicity of black tea but not that of whisky was suppressed by catalase.
Abstract 1343: Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation results in a change in tumor macrophage infiltration associated with an anti tumor effect in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma induced by oncogenic K-ras
Authors: Nathalie Rabbe, Laure Belmont, Jing Yu, Virginie Poulot, Valérie Gounant, Martine Antoine, Jonathan Kurie, Jacques Cadranel, Marie Wislez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Microenvironment and immune system contribute to tumor escape in cancer. Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation with a CpG ODN (PF-3512676) was expected to restore antitumor response in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) induced by oncogenic K-ras (K-rasLA1 mice). In these mice, TLR9 was not expressed by normal lung, nor tumor cells but only by the inflammatory tumor component as shown by TLR9 mRNA quantification by real time quantitative fluorescent PCR and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen week-old K-rasLA1 mice received PF-3512676 (n=13) or vehicle (n=13) through subcutaneous administration for 3 weeks. Mice were killed after completion of treatment. During autopsy procedure, lesions were counted on lung surfaces by investigators blinded to treatment group. Compared to the vehicle group, there was a decrease of tumor cell proliferation (PCNA staining score: 28.5% ± 1 vs 22.4% ± 0.8; p&amp;lt;0.0001, respectively) and an increase of tumor cell apoptosis (CC3 western blot and staining score: 0.058% ± 0.01 vs 0.105% ± 0.01; p=0.0154, respectively) in the PF group. No effect was observed on the autopsy count (26.5 ± 3.7 tumors vs 24 ± 2.3; p=0.85) nor on the histological count (27 ± 3.4 tumors vs 20.7 ± 2.2; p=0.23). Macrophage infiltration studied by F4/80 staining was different between the two groups with a higher number of macrophages inside the tumors in PF group while a higher number in peritumor area in the vehicle group (intra/peritumoral macrophage ratio: 3.35 ± 0.5, PF group vs 1.68 ± 0.1 vehicle, p=0.003). LKR-13, a lung ADC cell line derived from K-rasLA1 mice, does not express TLR9 and was resistant to treatment with PF in vitro. However, LKR-13 cells grown as syngeneic tumors recruited macrophages, and those tumors regressed in response to treatment with PF. These findings provide evidence that TLR9 stimulation might reduced the expansion of lung ADC induced by oncogenic K-ras and suggest that phenotypic modification of macrophages may contribute to ADC regression. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1343.