tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of diet on experimentally induced intestinal ulcers in rats: morphology and tissue leukotrienes.
Authors: T Matsumoto, M Iida, F Kuroki, K Hizawa, H Koga, M Fujishima
Journal: Gut (1994)

The effects of dietary pretreatment on longitudinal ulcers of the intestine induced by indomethacin given intracolonically were investigated in rats. The rats were pretreated with either standard diet or liquid meals. Intracolonic indomethacin (24 mg/kg/day) given for two days produced longitudinal ulcers and small scattered ulcers in the small intestine in the control rats that were receiving standard pelleted formula. Three days pretreatment with one of two types of liquid meals, low residual diet (LRD) or elemental diet (ED), significantly reduced the incidence (3% in ED group and 0% in the LRD group) and the length of the longitudinal ulcers in the small intestine. The caecum was affected in each dietary pretreatment group (67% in controls, 80% in LRD group, and 69% in ED group). Colonic ulcers that were located in a longitudinal fashion were found in 42% of LRD group, while these ulcers were less frequently found in the ED group (13%) and controls (0%). Development of ulcers in the caecum and in the colon of rats in ED and LRD groups was more delayed than that of small intestinal ulcers of control rats. In another experiment, pretreatment by ED significantly increased colonic tissue leukotriene B4 concentration when compared with that of controls. These findings suggest that the site of experimental enteropathy induced by indomethacin given intracolonically can be modified by dietary pretreatment. This animal model can be available for investigating differences in the pathophysiology of enteropathy according to the site of involvement.
The Effect of Lay Advertising on Breast-feeding Prevalence-Reply
Authors: Laurence Finberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Duncan raises the issue of scientific evidence for a social phenomenon and also raises the issue of bibliographic citation. Unfortunately, science cannot address itself to complex, multifaceted social phenomena. A reductionist (scientific) approach in an open system cannot be rigorous. Instead, the tools of social science apply, with some help from epidemiologic principles. Here, common sense leads one to a probable cause-and-effect relationship. Listed are references 1,2 that Dr Duncan may find useful. Although they do not rigorously establish the matter, I believe there are few who would disagree that advertising of formula has a negative influence on breast-feeding.
Lymphadenopathy Associated With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: David H. Cresson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In discussion of diagnostic entities that are defined in large part by histopathologic interpretation, there ought to be a careful and complete discussion of histopathologic findings. Further, contentions based on these findings should be carefully discussed and supported with references from appropriate literature. Nowhere is this more true than in diseases involving lymph nodes. Therefore, I am not convinced that Leaf et al<sup>1</sup>succeeded in their description of the first case of "Lymphadenopathy Associated With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia." No light photomicrographs are included to demonstrate the characteristic findings in this "new" lymphadenopathy. No direct pathologist input is given, so we are left with the authors' interpretation of pathology reports. If I am reading their interpretation fairly, then the bilateral axillary lymph node biopsies in this middle-aged woman demonstrated fatty replacement of the nodes (grossly noted to float in formaldehyde solution) and lipophagic reaction. These two findings are
Transmembrane Activator and Calcium-modulator and Cyclophilin Ligand Interactor (TACI) Expression is Essential for Human B-cell Tolerance
Authors: N. Romberg, D. Saadoun, R. Rachid, R. Geha, B. Grimbacher, C. Cunningham-Rundles, E. Meffre
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
A FLEXIBLE CONTACT DIAPHRAGM AND PROTECTIVE SHIELD FOR X-RAY TUBES
Authors: SINCLAIR TOUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A diaphragm or an opaque barrier of some kind with an opening of appropriate size is useful in<i>x</i>-ray treatment by limiting the application to the desired region, while protecting other parts of the patient and also the operator from the influence of the rays. Its value in radiography depends not only on the above factors, but also on its exclusion of vagabond rays arising from various parts of the<i>x</i>-ray tube and bluring the clean-cut shadows which would be produced by the direct rays emanating fromthe focus point on the anticathode. An example of blurring, due to light radiating from a large area instead of from a single point, is seen if the fingers are held against a piece of paper a few feet from a window.
The 6th International Cochrane Colloquium: Baltimore
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Editorials1 May 1998The 6th International Cochrane Colloquium: BaltimoreFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail As readers of Annals are aware, systematic reviews are becoming an important link between the results of clinical research and the decisions made by practicing clinicians [1, 2]. The Cochrane Collaboration, founded in 1993, is an international network of more than 4000 persons and dozens of institutions dedicated to finding controlled trials and other high-quality evidence on the effects of health care interventions, organizing the information into systematic reviews, distributing those reviews, and keeping them up to date. Over the few short years of its existence, annual colloquia organized by the Collaboration have attracted a growing international audience and have ...References1. Mulrow CD, Cook DJ, Davidoff F. Systematic reviews: critical links in the great chain of evidence. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:389-91. Google Scholar2. Mulrow CD, Cook D. Systematic Reviews. Synthesis of Best Evidence for Health Care Decisions. Philadelphia: American Coll Physicians; 1998. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank Davidoff, MD, Editor PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 775KeywordsHealth careHealth information technologySystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Breast-feeding, α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, and Liver Disease?
Authors: Katherine A. Keifer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The May 10, 1985 article 1 on the role of breast-feeding in protecting infants with α 1 -antitrypsin (α 1 -AT) deficiency from severe liver disease neglected to mention the risk of bleeding diathesis secondary to vitamin K deficiency in such infants. Breast milk is low in vitamin K content when compared with commercially prepared formulas. The cholestasis associated with α 1 -AT deficiency prevents these children from absorbing the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K well. Thus, the low vitamin K content of human milk coupled with the decreased absorption of vitamin K puts these children at risk for the coagulopathy that accompanies that vitamin deficiency. We recently had a case that demonstrates this problem.  Report of a Case.—  An entirely breast-fed female infant, who had reportedly received 1 mg of vitamin K intramuscularly at birth, was seen at age 5 weeks with bloody stools
Actinomycosis Treated With Clindamycin
Authors: Harold D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although penicillin has been established as the treatment of choice for actinomycosis, patients with penicillin allergy have been treated successfully with lincomycin.<sup>1</sup>Clindamycin is a semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin that has been shown to have improved activity against some anaerobic organisms.<sup>2</sup>This report describes the results of the treatment of thoracic actinomycosis with clindamycin. The chest roentgenogram (Figure) disclosed densities in the apex and over the lower two thirds of the right hemithorax. Extensive studies failed to reveal the cause of the patient's illness. Actinomycosis was suspected after gram-positive branching filaments were seen in several sputum stains. Anaerobic cultures of these specimens were overgrown. A thoracocentesis yielded 30 ml of thick, yellow-green pus, and<i>Actinomyces israeli and Fusobacterium fusiforme</i>were isolated from this material. An initial intravenous infusion of penicillin G, 10 million units every 24 hours, had to be discontinued because of an anaphylactoid
Chromoscopy of Intestinal Metaplasia in Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: M. I. Canto, T. Yoshida, L. Gossner
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic change which occurs in the esophagus due to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is currently diagnosed by the histological identification of characteristic “distinctive” intestinal-type metaplasia with characteristic crypts and villi lined by mucus-secreting columnar cells and goblet cells (or specialized columnar epithelium) in samples from columnar-lined esophagus. Although gastric-type metaplasia may be visualized as pink, columnar mucosa in the distal esophagus, it is the specialized columnar epithelium, which is pathognomonic of Barrett's esophagus and associated with the increased risk of adenocarcinoma.
Residency Regulations — Resisting Our Reflexes
Authors: Danielle Ofri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

It's Friday on the medical wards . . . and once again, I am the utterly confused ward attending.The “bad” weekend is coming up: the pre-call resident is off today, because she is on long call on Saturday and will have to come in post-call on Sunday. She also happens to be post–short call from yesterday, and her absence today means she won't be part of attending rounds when her new cases are presented. Her interns, on the other hand, are here today but will not come in post-call on Sunday; only the resident will come in, and she . . .
Pharynx and oesophagus in dystrophia myotonica.
Authors: J W Pierce, B Creamer, V MacDermot
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A valuable study is presented of the pharynx and oesophagus in seven cases of dystrophia myotonica.All showed an unusual lesion of weakness of the pharynx, weakness or absence of the cricopharyngeal sphincter, and absence or diminution of oesophageal peristalsis.No evidence was obtained of myotonia in these areas.Although the manifestations of dystrophia myo- tonica are widespread, there are few references to involvement of the gastro-intestinal tract.We report here a study of the motility of the pharynx and oesophagus in seven patients, of whom six had some difficulty in swallowing. CASESThe clinical picture and results of diagnostic investiga- tion are summarized in Tables I andII.Electromyography was carried out using the technique described by Bauwens (1955) and the studies on muscle biopsy as described by Codrs and Woolf (1959).The findings on muscle biopsy have been previously reported by Mac- Dermot (1961). METHODSThe intraluminal pressures were measured through fine, water-filled, polythene tubes attached to Hansen capacitance manometers beside the patient.Three tubes were used, fastened at the distal ends, and each recorded through a side hole so spaced that the recording sites BLE I CLINICAL SUMMARIES OF PRESENT SERIES Case Sex Age Family Age Facial and Palatal Dysphagia Dysphonia Myotonia Peripheral Weakness Depression Hair Obesity No.
UK considers watchdog for private health care
Authors: B. Hope
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An independent watchdog should be set up to monitor the private and voluntary healthcare industry, proposed a consultation document published last week by the UK NHS Executive (19 June, p 1644). The secretary of state for health, Frank Dobson, led the attack on existing regulatory arrangements, which, he said, “are out of date, unsatisfactory,” and fail to provide “the protection to which the public is entitled.”

The report expressed concern about patient safety in the private sector and identified several key areas where change is needed. It said that establishments wishing to register as recognised private healthcare centres should meet a defined set …
Trends in Post-M.D. Medical Education
Authors: Carleton B. Chapman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The report by Levit and her colleagues in this issue comes from a larger study conducted by a special committee of the National Board of Medical Examiners dealing with the "continuum" in medical education. Levit et al. are concerned mainly with the upper (post-M.D.) end of the continuum, and their findings support conclusions quantitatively rather startling. With something over 90 per cent of the graduates of American medical schools in 1960 and 1964 seeking residency training, and three fourths of them achieving specialty certification, the authors conclude that sometime during the 70's, the process will go on to something like . . .
Right ventricular-vascular interaction in congestive heart failure. Importance of low-frequency impedance.
Authors: W G Kussmaul, J A Altschuler, W H Matthai, W K Laskey
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Vasodilator agents are widely used in congestive heart failure. These agents may have important effects on the pulsatile aspects of right ventricular hydraulic load.Fifteen patients with severe congestive heart failure were studied during cardiac catheterization by use of high-fidelity pressure transducers and a catheter-mounted flow velocity probe. Three graded doses of nitroprusside were infused as pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and flow were continuously recorded. From Fourier transforms of signal-averaged waves, PA impedance, hydraulic power, and wave reflection indices were derived. At the highest dose of nitroprusside (66 +/- 41 micrograms/min), cardiac output was significantly improved, whereas PA mean and wedge pressure, resistance, impedance at the first harmonic, characteristic impedance, and wave reflection amplitude were all reduced. At the dose (32 +/- 20 micrograms/min) at which cardiac output first showed improvement, only PA mean pressure and first-harmonic impedance were significantly reduced. Hydraulic power cost per unit of forward flow was also lowered at this dose, despite lack of significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance. At the lowest dose of nitroprusside (11 +/- 4 micrograms/min), six patients experienced a decrease in stroke volume, whereas the other nine were either unchanged (n = 1) or showed an increase (n = 8). Multiple regression revealed that only the change in first-harmonic impedance correlated with this effect, increasing when stroke volume decreased and decreasing when stroke volume increased (P = .02). The change in first-harmonic impedance at this dose appeared to be caused by alterations in the amplitude of PA wave reflections. At higher doses, changes in mean PA pressure (but not in pulmonary vascular resistance) correlated with changes in stroke volume.Nitroprusside vasodilation at low doses alters PA hemodynamics in congestive heart failure primarily through changes in low-frequency impedance. In some patients, this effect is associated with decreased stroke output. At higher doses, favorable alterations in resistance, low- and high-frequency impedance, and wave reflections all contribute to increased forward flow and decreased power requirement per unit forward flow. These findings show that ventricular-vascular interaction is importantly affected by pulmonary vasodilation and that appreciation of pulsatile properties is required to understand the effects of pulmonary vasodilation on cardiac output.
Effect of antigen load on development of milk antibodies in infants allergic to milk.
Authors: M A Firer, C S Hosking, D J Hill
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The phenomenon that large amounts of antigen, such as are absorbed during the neonatal period, suppress the IgE response while low-dose exposure enhances it was investigated by analysing the antibody responses of infants allergic to milk according to their degree of exposure to cows'-milk protein. IgG, IgA, and IgM milk-specific antibodies in these infants and in age-matched controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk-specific IgE and total IgE were also measured. Children allergic to milk who were breast fed and had had minimal exposure to cows' milk had decreased titres of IgG, IgA, and IgM milk antibodies compared with infants allergic to milk who, before diagnosis, had been fed substantial volumes of cows' milk. Conversely, the infants with minimal exposure to cows' milk showed vastly increased total and milk-specific IgE antibodies compared with the milk-fed infants. These results support recent experimental evidence that appreciable amounts of allergen suppress rather than stimulate IgE production. These data may have important implications for dietary regimens in at-risk infants. The results also lend support for the role of IgE in immediate-type allergic reactions and suggest that various non-IgE immune mechanisms play a part in the aetiology of intolerance to cows'-milk protein in some children.
Erythropoietin Receptors on Cancer Cells: A Still Open Question
Authors: Fulvio Della Ragione, Valeria Cucciolla, Adriana Borriello, Adriana Oliva, Silverio Perrotta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

We read with great interest the article by Henke et al 1 describing that erythropoietin (Epo) treatment might adversely affect prognosis of head and neck cancer patients if cancer cells express erythropoietin receptors (EpoR).In this article, the authors concluded that the locoregional progression-free survival was substantially poorer if epoetin beta was administered to patients showing EpoR expression compared with placebo. 1 Although the difference in treatment-associated relative risks was borderline statistically significant, the data are provocative and suggest that it is necessary to pay great attention in the use of recombinant Epo in the treatment of anemic cancer patients. 1owever, we have strong reservations about the specificity of the antibody to EpoR (C-20 anti-EpoR, sc-695, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA raised against the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain), that was used to evaluate EpoR presence in the investigation by Henke et al.Recently, Elliott et al 2 reported that this antiserum cannot be employed for investigating EpoR expression because it lacks of affinity and specificity.These antibodies seem to detect, almost exclusively, a band corresponding to the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). 2Thus, the article by Elliott et al casts serious doubts on the detection of EpoR on cancer cells by sc-695.We have reinvestigated the EpoR topic and have obtained further data which demonstrated the lack of specificity of sc-695 antiserum.Initially, we evaluated, in addition to the sc-695 antibodies, three antisera (ab27497; Abcam, Cambridge, MA; directed toward N-terminal amino acids 2/14; ab10653; Abcam; and E 4644; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, both raised against the EpoR extracellular domain).While ab27497 did not work, both ab10653 and E 4644 identified only a single band of 65 to 66 kDa (the molecular mass of EpoR) in UT-7/Epo, a cell line overexpressing EpoR.Because the signal obtained with ab10653 was remarkably stronger, we used this antiserum in all the subsequent studies (Fig 1A).The 65 to 66 kDa band was absent in K562 cells, which are known to express the receptor at very faint level (Fig 1A). 3 When the same samples were analyzed by the sc-695 antiserum, we identified only one signal that occurred in UT-7/Epo cells and not in K562.This signal corresponded strictly to the band detected by the ab10653 antibodies (Fig 1A).The sc-695 antiserum immunoblotting also shows a strong band at 70 to 71 kDa that was also evidenced by a mouse monoclonal raised against HSP70 (Santa Cruz sc-24).Then, we prepared nuclei, cytosol, and membrane fractions from UT-7/Epo cells (Fig 1B).By analyzing these samples using the sc-695 antiserum, we observed that the putative HSP70 signal was detectable mostly in the cytosol and in part in the membrane.Conversely, the 65 to 66 kDa signal was detectable only in the membrane fraction.The analysis of the same filter by ab10653 evidentiated a signal at 66 kDa
Natural killer T-cell autoreactivity leads to a specialized activation state
Authors: Xiaohua Wang, Xiuxu Chen, Lance Rodenkirch, William Simonson, Sarah Wernimont, Rachel M. Ndonye, Natacha Veerapen, Darren Gibson, Amy R. Howell, Gurdyal S. Besra, Gavin F. Painter, Anna Huttenlocher, Jenny E. Gumperz
Journal: Blood (2008)
Electro-Haemostasis in Operative Surgery.
Authors: Alexander Johnston Chalmers Skene
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polymorphisms within the<i>CTLA4</i>gene are associated with infant atopic dermatitis
Authors: G. Jones, S. Wu, N. Jang, D. Fulcher, P. Hogan, G. Stewart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common childhood disorders. It can have a significant impact on the physical and psychological well-being of affected individuals. Although environmental triggers are important, AD also has a strong genetic component. Identifying genes associated with AD may help to understand better the basis of this disorder and its relationship with other allergic disorders such as asthma. Objectives Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the inhibitory CTLA4 receptor, an important regulator of T cells, are associated with asthma as well as autoimmune disorders. We have now tested whether polymorphisms in the CTLA4 gene are also associated with early childhood AD. Methods A family-based cohort of 112 children and their parents was recruited from Western Sydney, Australia. All children were seen by a paediatric dermatologist and presented with AD within the first 3 years of life. Using the transmission disequilibrium test, individual and haplotypic associations with the +49 and CT60 polymorphisms in exon 1 and the 3′ nontranslated DNA of the CTLA4 gene were tested. Results Single tests of association revealed significant association of the +49(A) [P = 0·037, odds ratio (OR) 1·59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1–2·55] and borderline significance of the CT60(A) alleles (P = 0·055, OR 1·51, 95% CI 1–2·38). Significant association of the +49(A)/CT60(A) haplotype was detected (P = 0·002, OR 1·78, 95% CI 1·2–2·65). Conclusions Polymorphisms within the gene encoding CTLA4 were associated with early onset infant AD. This is in agreement with findings from asthmatic cohorts, suggesting that the +49(A)/CT60(A) haplotype is a genetic risk factor common to asthma and AD.