tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of testicular cancer with cryptorchidism and with testicular biopsy: cohort study
Authors: H. Moller, D. Cortes, G. Engholm, J. Thorup
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Swerdlow et al studied a cohort of 1075 men who had been treated for cryptorchidism.1 In 120 testes that had been biopsied at the time of orchiopexy the relative risk of subsequent development of testicular cancer was 66.7. The corresponding relative risk in 1285 undescended testes that had also been operated on but not biopsied was 6.7. The estimate for testes that were not biopsied is about as expected,2–4 but the high relative risk of testicular cancer in biopsied testes is a new finding not yet substantiated by other studies. A potential weakness of the study is the unclear criteria for biopsy in 9% of the testes in the series; this leaves open the possibility of selection bias if testes with a high risk of subsequent malignancy …
ORBITAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY RADIUM IN CANCER OF THE UPPER JAW
Authors: ARNOLD KNAPP
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is now quite customary to supplement the operative treatment of cancer of the upper jaw by the application of radium. As a result of the radium application, definite changes may occur in the orbit and affect the eyeball. These changes, aside from deleterious action on the eyeball, suggest extension of the malignant growth, and the question then arises whether the orbit and its contents should be exenterated or not. It seemed, therefore, of importance to study the condition in the orbit which radium produces when applied in the treatment of tumors of the upper jaw, and to compare this with the neoplastic involvement of the orbit in the course of tumors of the upper jaw. The following five cases of orbital involvement after radium treatment present certain features which bear on this question. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. J. B., aged 61, had been operated on for carcinoma
New WHO book outlines health systems of EU neighbours
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The World Health Organization has produced a book that gives a clear overview of the essential health features and systems of the 12 countries on the European Union's eastern and southern borders.

The 248 page publication gives basic information for each of the countries, covering their demography, prevalent diseases, and health risks, and explains how the country's health sector is being reformed, organised, and financed.

The book follows the same format as an earlier WHO publication that presented the health characteristics of the 10 countries that joined the European Union in May 2004. That book …
Concerned parents cannot have Down's daughter sterilised, court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A “delightful, warm, engaging, and affectionate” 21 year old woman with Down’s syndrome should not be sterilised despite her parents’ fears that she could be taken advantage of and become pregnant, a judge has ruled at the Court of Protection in London.

The woman, named only as K, a student at a college for people with learning disabilities, had a hormonal contraceptive implant inserted in her arm by her GP, but it was removed after causing significant changes to her temperament. Her parents wanted her to be sterilised and she was referred to an NHS gynaecologist, Dr X, who agreed to perform laparoscopic sterilisation.

A matron responsible for safeguarding vulnerable …
Effects of Externally Applied Pressure on the Haemodynamics of the Lower Limb
Authors: S. Sabri, V. C. Roberts, L. T. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The effects of externally applied pressure of 5-150 mm Hg on the haemodynamics of the leg of dog and man were investigated. The criteria used for the assessments included femoral arterial and venous blood flow as well as vascular hydraulic conductance. The results indicated that external pressure of 5 mm Hg results in a very small non-significant increase in the femoral arterial and venous flow. Higher external pressure of 15 mm Hg or more significantly reduces the femoral arterial and venous flows as well as the vascular conductance. It therefore seems that compression produced by bandaging in horizontal supine subjects has little or no haemodynamic value and may prove to be harmful unless carefully controlled.
Origin, functional role, and clinical impact of Fanconi anemia FANCA mutations
Authors: Maria Castella, Roser Pujol, Elsa Callén, Juan P. Trujillo, José A. Casado, Hans Gille, Francis P. Lach, Arleen D. Auerbach, Detlev Schindler, Javier Benítez, Beatriz Porto, Teresa Ferro, Arturo Muñoz, Julián Sevilla, Luis Madero, Elena Cela, Cristina Beléndez, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Teresa Olivé, José Sánchez de Toledo, Isabel Badell, Montserrat Torrent, Jesús Estella, Ángeles Dasí, Antonia Rodríguez-Villa, Pedro Gómez, José Barbot, María Tapia, Antonio Molinés, Ángela Figuera, Juan A. Bueren, Jordi Surrallés
Journal: Blood (2011)
Mapping of the wet/dry earwax locus to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16
Authors: Hiroaki Tomita, Koki Yamada, Mohsen Ghadami, Takako Ogura, Yoko Yanai, Katsumi Nakatomi, Miyuki Sadamatsu, Akira Masui, Nobumasa Kato, Norio Niikawa
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Effects of exercise on the coronary and collateral vasculature of beagles with and without coronary occlusion.
Authors: K W Scheel, L A Ingram, J L Wilson
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The purpose of this study was to determine if exercise stimulates coronary collateral vessel growth and if exercise after coronary occlusion can promote additional collateral growth. One group of 10 beagles served as control. The second group considered of 10 normal beagles exercised at 50% of maximum O2 consumption 7 days/week for 6 weeks. In the third group, the circumflex was occluded (Ameroid method) in eight beagles for 5 months. In the fourth group, seven beagles were exercised for 8 weeks following 3 months of circumflex occlusion. The coronary and collateral circulation was assessed, using an isolated heart preparation. It was found that exercise did not stimulate collateral growth in normal beagles. However, exercise after coronary occlusion doubled collateral conductance to be impaired vascular bed compared to animals with only coronary occlusions. Our study shows that, in beagles with coronary occlusion, exercise after a 3-month convalescent period promotes epicardial and intramyocardial (septa) collateral growth. Coronary reserve in the trained animals returned to 52% of initial capacity vs. 34% for the untrained animals.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Colonic Transit in Two Patients With Idiopathic Chronic Constipation
Authors: ANIL RAMACHANDRAN, SHIV M. GUPTA, THOMAS WHELAN, WILLIAM JOHNS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Bowel transit in two women with protracted constipation was evaluated after oral administration of In-111 DTPA in water. Serial abdominal images were obtained for as long as 96 hours to assess transit through the stomach, small bowel, and colon. In both patients, large bowel transit was delayed. A pattern of colonic inertia was observed in one patient, whereas retention in the distal colon was seen in the other patient. Both patients underwent total colectomy with marked symptomatic relief. Colonic transit studies of these patients are presented, and the literature is reviewed.
Acceleration Ballistocardiography
Authors: ROBERT V. ELLIOTT, ROBERT GAY PACKARD, DEMOS T. KYRAZIS
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The construction of a linear accelerometer for use in ballistocardiography is presented including the relationship between acceleration, displacement, and velocity. The sensing element described is new in the field of ballistocardiography, being based on an electrochemical principle. A means of easily calibrating the instrument is described, thereby allowing quantitative measurements of various components of the ballistocardiogram. Tracings of one abnormal and two normal individuals are illustrated to show the relationship between displacement and acceleration.
Perspectives on the chemical etiology of breast cancer.
Authors: Lillian S DeBruin, P David Josephy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Multiple factors, known and unknown, contribute to human breast cancer. Hereditary, hormonal, and reproductive factors are associated with risk of breast cancer. Environmental agents, including chemical carcinogens, are modifiable risk factors to which over 70% of breast cancers have been attributed. Polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes may influence risk of breast cancer from environmental chemicals, dietary agents, and endogenous steroids. The environmental factors discussed in this review include pollutants, occupational exposures, tobacco smoke, alcohol, and diet. Aromatic amines are discussed as potential mammary carcinogens, with a focus on heterocyclic amine food pyrolysis products. These compounds are excreted into the urine after consumption of meals containing cooked meats and have recently been detected in the breast milk of lactating women.
Mechanisms of Demyelination.
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Degeneration of myelin is a process common to an important group of diseases in the nervous system, and in some of them is the first detectable change. Since the cause of most of these conditions is unknown and direct attack thereby precluded, many workers have undertaken in the last 20 years a vigorous investigative program on myelin formation, structure, and breakdown. So much new information has accumulated that even the specialist cannot keep abreast of all of it, especially since many different technical methods have been used. The present monograph is based on a symposium held in 1962 for the purpose of summarizing this new information. Each of the nine chapters is a separate paper by a recognized authority and there is a panel discussion at the end. Topics include the structure and formation of the myelin sheath; the chemistry of myelin and the changes found when it degenerates; the
Lord Lester outlines his private member's bill to reform libel law
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The new UK government pledged its commitment this week to “reviewing the law on defamation to protect free speech” but has still not decided whether to back the private member’s bill introduced in the House of Lords by the Liberal Democrat peer Anthony Lester QC.

Lord Lester, who had a meeting to discuss the bill this week with Tom McNally, justice minister in the Lords, said he had been authorised to say that “the government warmly welcomes the work that has been done on the bill and is committed to pushing forward on libel reform.”

In answer to oral questions in the House of …
Y chromosomal sequences identified in gonadal tissue of two 45,X patients with turner syndrome
Authors: Mirjana Kocova, Selma Feldman Witchel, Michael Nalesnik, Peter A. Lee, Paul S. Dickman, Margaret H. MacGillivray, Edward O. Reiter, Giuliana Trucco, Massimo Trucco
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1995)
THE SERPENT'S TOOTH IN FORMALDEHYD
Authors: WILLIAM E. MORGAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The reckless freedom with which formaldehyd solution and its derivatives are used by hospital employees, surgeons, health boards, undertakers and food preservers leads me to call attention to the dangers attendant and to place a decided poison label on them. There is no doubt that a personal susceptibility has much to do with the effects, but the number of unfortunates is becoming so great as to place formaldehyd at the head of the list (not excepting the<i>x</i>-rays) as an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes, and its results are so serious as to leave those tissues peculiarly weak in resistance to other irritants. It is a well-known fact that the venom of the bite or sting of a poisonous insect like the ant, spider, wasp or hornet is formic acid or one of its compounds, and it is also a matter of common knowledge that some
Normal exercise capacity in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: compensatory mechanisms.
Authors: R L Litchfield, R E Kerber, J W Benge, A L Mark, J Sopko, R K Bhatnagar, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1982)

About one-third of patients who have severe left ventricular dysfunction can achieve normal levels of exercise. To elucidate the mechanisms that permit this to occur, we studied six patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (average left ventricular ejection fraction 17 +/- 2.5% [mean +/- SEM]) who achieved nearly normal levels of exercise tolerance (greater than 11 minutes of treadmill exercise, Sheffield protocol). All patients had normal pulmonary function at rest and during exercise. Hemodynamics were measured at rest and during supine and upright exercise. The major mechanisms of the preserved exercise capacity in these patients were chronotropic competence, ability to tolerate elevated wedge pressures (33 +/- 3 mm Hg) without dyspnea, ventricular dilation, and increased levels of plasma norepinephrine at rest and during exercise. Also, whereas peripheral vascular resistance was unchanged during supine exercise, it decreased by 50% during similar levels of upright exercise. As a consequence, increases in cardiac output from rest to exercise were greater during upright than supine exercise (100% vs 50%, respectively) (p less than 0.05), and pulmonary wedge pressures were lower during upright than supine exercise (21 +/- 5 mm Hg vs 33 +/- 3 mm Hg). Thus, multiple mechanisms permit some patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction to achieve normal levels of exercise. These studies emphasize that left ventricular function must be assessed by direct means rather than inferring function of the left ventricle from the results of an exercise tolerance test.
Should a Moratorium Be Placed on Sublingual Nifedipine Capsules Given for Hypertensive Emergencies and Pseudoemergencies?
Authors: Ehud Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Over the past 2 decades, nifedipine in the form of capsules has become widely popular in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Unlike other agents, such as sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine hydrochloride, diazoxide, and nitroglycerin--which require intravenous administration and monitoring of blood pressure--nifedipine can be given orally, and close monitoring is said not to be necessary. Although administration of nifedipine capsules has been reported to be expedient and safe, it has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for labeling for treatment of hypertensive emergencies or of any other form of hypertension because of lack of outcome data. A review of the literature revealed reports of serious adverse effects such as cerebrovascular ischemia, stroke, numerous instances of severe hypotension, acute myocardial infarction, conduction disturbances, fetal distress, and death. Sublingual absorption of nifedipine has been found to be poor; most of the drug is absorbed by the intestinal mucosa. Given the seriousness of the reported adverse events and the lack of any clinical documentation attesting to a benefit, the use of nifedipine capsules for hypertensive emergencies and pseudoemergencies should be abandoned.
Mitochondrial damage revealed by immunoselection for ALS-linked misfolded SOD1
Authors: Sarah Pickles, Laurie Destroismaisons, Sarah Peyrard, Sarah Cadot, Guy Rouleau, Robert Brown, Jean-Pierre Julien, Nathalie Arbour, Christine Vande Velde
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) selectively associates with spinal cord mitochondria in rodent models of SOD1-mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A portion of mutant SOD1 exists in a non-native/misfolded conformation that is selectively recognized by conformational antibodies. Misfolded SOD1 is common to all mutant SOD1 models, is uniquely found in areas affected by the disease and is considered to mediate toxicity. We report that misfolded SOD1 recognized by the antibody B8H10 is present in greater abundance in mitochondrial fractions of SOD1(G93A) rat spinal cords compared with oxidized SOD1, as recognized by the C4F6 antibody. Using a novel flow cytometric assay, we detect an age-dependent deposition of B8H10-reactive SOD1 on spinal cord mitochondria from both SOD1(G93A) rats and SOD1(G37R) mice. Mitochondrial damage, including increased mitochondrial volume, excess superoxide production and increased exposure of the toxic BH3 domain of Bcl-2, tracks positively with the presence of misfolded SOD1. Lastly, B8H10 reactive misfolded SOD1 is present in the lysates and mitochondrial fractions of lymphoblasts derived from ALS patients carrying SOD1 mutations, but not in controls. Together, these results highlight misfolded SOD1 as common to two ALS rodent animal models and familial ALS patient lymphoblasts with four different SOD1 mutations. Studies in the animal models point to a role for misfolded SOD1 in mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS pathogenesis.
Pituitary neuromedin B content in experimental fasting and diabetes mellitus and correlation with thyrotropin secretion
Authors: Tânia Maria Ortiga-Carvalho, Flavio Henrique Curty, Celly Cristina Nascimento-Saba, Egberto Gaspar Moura, Julia Polak, Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
Bromocriptine treatment of digitalis-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias: Studies in a canine model
Authors: Andrew Kao, Jolene M. Kriett, H. Gareth Tobler, Barry L.S. Detloff, Marc R. Pritzker, D. Woodrow Benson, David G. Benditt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Killer Dendritic Cells Link Innate and Adaptive Immunity against Established Osteosarcoma in Rats
Authors: Camille Chauvin, Jean-Marie Philippeau, Caroline Hémont, Francois-Xavier Hubert, Yohann Wittrant, Francois Lamoureux, Benjamin Trinité, Dominique Heymann, Françoise Rédini, Régis Josien
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We have previously reported that a distinct subset of splenic CD4− rat dendritic cells (DC) induces a rapid and caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death in a large number of tumor cells in vitro. The killing activity of these killer DC (KDC) was restricted to their immature state and was immediately followed by their engulfment of the apoptotic target cells, suggesting that these KDC could directly link innate and adaptive immunity to tumors. Here, we addressed this question using a transplantable model of rat osteosarcoma. First, we showed that rat KDC have an MHC II+CD103+CD11b+NKp46− phenotype and are therefore distinct from natural killer cells, which are MHC II−CD103−CD11b−NKp46+. KDC numbers could be specifically and strongly (up to 10-fold) enhanced by Flt3L in vivo. The OSRGa cell line derived from the osteosarcoma tumor was killed and phagocytosed in vitro by both normal and Flt3L-induced splenic KDC. Such tumor antigen–loaded KDC were used to s.c. vaccinate progressive tumor-bearing rats. Vaccination with OSRGa-loaded KDC but not KDC loaded with irrelevant tumor cells (Jurkat) delayed tumor progression or even induced tumor regression. This vaccine effect was not observed in CD8 T cell–depleted animals and protective against tumor rechallenge. These results suggest that KDC possess the intrinsic capability not only to kill and then engulf tumor cells but also to efficiently cross-present tumor cell–derived antigen in vivo and subsequently induce an adaptive antitumor immune response. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9433–40]
Points from Letters: Television for Emergency Treatment
Authors: C. Engel
Journal: BMJ (1970)

the size of constituencies is making it more and more difficult for Council members to keep in effective touch with the divisions for which they are responsible.This means that divisions are being increasingly isolated from activities at the centre and less aware of the reasons for decisions taken there.This in turn is making it more difficult for the periphery to make its views and wishes known to Council.The regional councils which were postu- lated have not yet appeared, and at a time when the Association's finances are under heavy pressure it is doubtful whether they can really be afforded.It seems to be time to take another long, hard look at our constitutional changes, and the advantages which we were told would accrue from them are not, as yet, very apparent.-Iam, etc., VICTOR RUSSELL.
Monocular Blindness in The Young
Authors: Lester Stein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  The response to the letter in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ( 210: 732, 1969) on Incidence and Socioeconomic Effects of Monocular Blindness is a valid collating of the survey statistics of monocular blindness of adults, but it requires different emphasis when applied to youngsters.  The consequence of the loss of an eye or the eyesight of one eye to a young lad on the threshold of life is most heartrending.  Because of accident proneness, the insurance companies must disapprove their employment. The fields of industry, transportation, mining, and advanced professional education are well-nigh closed to the one-eyed. The armed services and the civil service do not want them.  Every effort should be made by the medical profession to force this realization on parents and educators. Prevention we all agree on, but others who control the lives of children gloss over what to us is apparent. The toy, gun, and
Pelvic Horseshoe Kidney Mimics Sacral Metastases on Bone Scan
Authors: Hongming Zhuang, Edgar Cheng, Jian Q. Yu, Thiruvenkatasamy Dhurairaj, Rakesh Kumar, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Horseshoe kidney occurs once in approximately every 400 births, for a prevalence of approximately 0.25% of the population. It is usually asymptomatic in adults. A 48-year-old man underwent bone scintigraphy to evaluate possible osseous metastases resulting from an abdominal mass, which revealed abnormal activity in the region of the sacrum and suggested osseous metastases. However, the subsequent FDG-PET and CT scans demonstrated that the “abnormal activity” on bone scan was in fact activity from a pelvic horseshoe kidney.
Mental Deficiency in Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type I Is Associated with Ns-Protein Deficiency
Authors: ZVI FARFEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type I is a hereditary disorder characterized by resistance to parathyroid hormone and other hormones that work via cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′monophosphate (cAMP). Most patients with this disorder have generalized deficient activity of Ns-protein (type Ia), which couples stimulatory hormone receptors to catalytic adenylate cyclase. In patients with normal Ns-protein activity (type Ib), a decreased incidence of resistance to hormones other than parathyroid hormone exists. Mental deficiency of unknown cause occurs in 47% to 75% of all patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type I. Because mutations in the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system may affect the learning ability of Drosophila flies, we assessed mental deficiency in 25 patients whose Ns-protein activity we had determined: 9 of 14 patients with type Ia disorder and 0 of 11 patients with type Ib disorder had mental deficiency. We suggest that Ns-protein deficiency, reduced cAMP levels, or both, are involved in the mental deficiency in these patients and probably in mental function in humans.
Identification of immunodominant regions among promiscuous HLA-DR–restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes on the tumor antigen MAGE-3
Authors: Giuseppe Consogno, Simona Manici, Valeria Facchinetti, Angela Bachi, Juergen Hammer, Bianca M. Conti-Fine, Claudio Rugarli, Catia Traversari, Maria Pia Protti
Journal: Blood (2003)