tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study.
Authors: Asa Bradman, Dana B Barr, Birgit G Claus Henn, Timothy Drumheller, Cynthia Curry, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Prenatal pesticide exposures may adversely affect children's health. However, exposure and health research is hampered by the lack of reliable fetal exposure data. No studies have been published that report measurements of commonly used nonpersistent pesticides in human amniotic fluid, although recent studies of pesticides in urine from pregnant women and in meconium indicate that fetuses are exposed to these chemicals. Amniotic fluid collected during amniocentesis is the only medium available to characterize direct fetal exposures early in pregnancy (approximately 18 weeks of gestation). As a first step in validating this exposure biomarker, we collected 100 amniotic fluid samples slated for disposal and evaluated analytical methods to measure organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and metabolites, synthetic pyrethroid metabolites, herbicides, and chlorinated phenolic compounds. The following six phenols were detected (detection frequency): 1- and 2-naphthol (70%), 2,5-dichlorophenol (55%), carbofuranphenol (5%), ortho-phenylphenol (30%), and pentachlorophenol (15%), with geometric mean concentrations of 0.72, 0.39, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.23 microg/L, respectively, for positive values. The organophosphate metabolites diethylphosphate and dimethylphosphate were detected in two (10%) samples, and dimethylthiophosphate was detected in one (5%) sample, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.31, 0.32, and 0.43 microg/L, respectively, for positive values. These levels are low compared with levels reported in urine, blood, and meconium in other studies, but indicate direct exposures to the young fetus, possibly during critical periods of development. Results of this pilot study suggest that amniotic fluid offers a unique opportunity to investigate fetal exposures and health risks.
PASSIVE TRANSFER OF TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY
Authors: John S. Najarian, Joseph D. Feldman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Passive transfer of transplantation immunity was accomplished in inbred guinea pigs with tritiated thymidine-labeled lymphoid cells sensitized to homologous tissues. Autoradiographs of the homologous skin graft sites disclosed the presence of relatively few or no labeled cells at the site of rejection. Passive transfer of transplantation immunity was also accomplished with sensitized lymphoid cells enclosed in cell-impenetrable Millipore chambers. Previous studies with passive transfer of tuberculin sensitivity in guinea pigs revealed that the specifically sensitized cells could be easily found at the site of challenge in the presence of specific antigen and were ineffective when enclosed in Millipore chambers. It appeared, then, that the homograft reaction and delayed sensitivity of tuberculin type were achieved by different immunologic mechanisms within the same species.
Testosterone, but not estradiol, attenuates acetyicholine-induced relaxation of tobacco smoke-exposed hypercholesterolemic rabbit aorta
Authors: Stuart J. Hutchison, Tony M. Chou, Richard E. Sievers, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Kanu Chatterjee, Prakash C. Deedwania, William W. Parmley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Disruption of Abdominal Wounds
Authors: Lawrence S. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A survey of disruption of abdominal wounds was made at a veterans hospital during the period 1953-1958. Among 8,277 major operations there were 3,988 procedures which might lead to wound separation. Appendectomies performed through a right lower quadrant musclesplitting incision were not included, as disruption with this incision did not occur during this period. Abdominalwound separation occurred in 109 instances. Ninety-three patients were over 50 years of age. The average postoperative day on which disruption occurred was the ninth. Eighty-seven disruptions followed operation for benign disease. Fifty-eight followed upper gastrointestinal tract surgery. The type of closure or suture material appeared not to affect development of disruption. Abnormal distention and coughing were major contributing factors. Twenty-four of 84 known survivors subsequently developed a ventral hernia.
Meckel’s Diverticulum—An Incidental Finding on PET/CT
Authors: Sarah L. Tennant, Rakesh Ganatra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

F-18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly being used in the staging of patients with malignancy to establish disease activity and to assess response to treatment. We present a case of Meckel's diverticulum in a child, identified on FDG PET/CT scanning during follow-up for Hodgkin lymphoma. This case highlights the importance of familiarity with normal tissue uptake when interpreting PET images and correlation of the PET scan with other radiology studies, including the CT scan.
Medical management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Emery, A Gough, M Salmon, J Devlin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

manifestations of lupus erythematosus resistant to topical steroids and antimalarial drugs.Thalidomide has been reported to be of benefit in subacute cutaneous and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus as well as lupus erythematosus profundus.2AThe mode of action of thalidomide is unclear, although its teratogenicity is well recognised.Care must be taken to monitor for the development of possible peripheral neuropathy.Despite these side effects thalidomide is useful in combating the often disfiguring cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus.
Indications for Pulmonary Function Testing
Authors: Joseph D. Zibrak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To critically assess original studies evaluating the role of preoperative pulmonary function testing in predicting postoperative outcomes. Design: MEDLINE search of English-language articles from 1966 to 1987 using the following medical subject headings: respiratory function tests, lung, lung diseases, and preoperative care. Measurements and Main Results: Relevant studies were subdivided by operative site. We included only studies for which we could determine pre- and post-test probabilities of morbidity, mortality, sensitivity, and specificity. Preoperative pulmonary function testing was found to have measureable benefit in predicting outcome in lung resection candidates. In selected patients, split perfusion lung scanning and pulmonary exercise testing appeared to be useful. Confirmation of these reports is necessary before these preoperative tests can be routinely recommended. In studies of upper abdominal surgery, spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis did not consistently have measureable benefit in identifying patients at increased risk for postoperative pneumonia, prolonged hospitalization, and death. Studies of preoperative testing for other patients, including those having coronary artery bypass grafting, lacked adequate data for meaningful analysis. Conclusions: Preoperative pulmonary function testing helps clinicians to make decisions on management of lung resection candidates. Although many studies of patients before abdominal surgery have focused on the utility of preoperative pulmonary function testing, methodologic difficulties undermine the validity of their conclusions. The impact of testing on care of other preoperative patients is even less clear because of poor study design and insufficient data. Therefore, further investigation is necessary before a consensus can be reached on the role of preoperative pulmonary function testing in evaluating patients before all surgical procedures except lung resection.
Genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and mode of action of the fried food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ).
Authors: J H Weisburger, W S Barnes, C A Lovelette, C Tong, T Tanaka, G M Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Because mutagens typified by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) observed in cooked foods are widely consumed, detailed studies of their biochemical and biological properties including carcinogenicity are most important. IQ induces unscheduled DNA synthesis in liver cells, which when taken together with its powerful mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium test system, predicts carcinogenicity. In female Sprague-Dawley rats, IQ did exhibit potent carcinogenicity for the mammary gland, the ear duct, and to a lesser extent, pancreas and bladder. Data from Japanese laboratories indicate carcinogenicity also to the intestinal tract. Thus, one of the mutagens formed during cooking is a versatile carcinogen that because of extensive human intake requires urgent exploration for specific human cancer risk.
Primary Total Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in Children Less Than Four Years of Age
Authors: ALBERT D. PACIFICO, L. M. BARGERON, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Twenty-two consecutive severely symptomatic infants and small children less than 4 years of age (mean age 25.5 months, range 3½ to 48 months) have presented for initial surgical treatment of the tetralogy of Fallot at the University of Alabama Medical Center between September 1, 1971 and January 31, 1973. One was considered unsuitable for complete repair because of massive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, and was successfully treated by a right Blalock-Taus-sig operation. Twenty-one were treated by primary intracardiac repair. One patient (age 24 months) died, a hospital mortality rate of 4.8%. Mean value for the RV/LV peak pressure ratio immediately after repair was 0.55. An outflow patch was placed across the valve ring in one patient, and should have been placed in one other. Heart block has not occurred. Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest (Kyoto-Barratt-Boyes technique) was used in 9 patients, and cardiopulmonary bypass with profound hypothermia in 12. We discuss the controversy concerning initial management of infants and small children severely symptomatic from the tetralogy of Fallot, and conclude that primary intracardiac repair is advisable in centers prepared for infant intracardiac surgery.
Self-protecting core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for targeted, traceable, long half-life delivery of BCNU to gliomas
Authors: Hung-Wei Yang, Mu-Yi Hua, Hao-Li Liu, Chiung-Yin Huang, Rung-Ywan Tsai, Yu-Jen Lu, Ju-Yu Chen, Hsiang-Jun Tang, Han-Yi Hsien, Yu-Sun Chang, Tzu-Chen Yen, Pin-Yuan Chen, Kuo-Chen Wei
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Die Nachkommen Geisteskranker Ehepaare. Der Einfluss endogener Elternpsychosen auf die Psychosen, Charaktere und Lebensschicksale Ihrer Kinder. (The Descendants of Psychotic Parents. The Influence of Endogenous Parental Psychoses on the Psychoses, Character and Life Destiny of Their Children.)
Authors: WILLIAM MAYER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)
Behcet's disease: a new target for anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment
Authors: P P Sfikakis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Behçet's disease is a multisystemic, chronic relapsing inflammatory disease classified among the vasculitides. Recurrent mucocutaneous lesions may be the only symptoms in mild cases, but articular, ocular, vascular, and/or gastrointestinal and central nervous system involvement may occur in most of the patients. Ocular disease is the most frequent cause of morbidity leading to blindness in 25% of those affected. The various non-specific immunosuppressive drugs, used either alone or in combinations, frequently fail to control inflammation or maintain remissions. The aetiology of Behçet's disease is unknown, however it is currently thought that a central pathogenetic role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the inflammatory process is possible. Until June 2002, and according to published and anecdotal data, more than 80 patients from 10 different countries have received anti-TNF treatment. The short-term effects of the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody infliximab have been reported in several case reports and small case series, whereas the effects of etanercept have been presented in recent conferences. Preliminary results strongly suggest that infliximab is remarkably effective in inducing short-term remission of almost all manifestations of the disease, including acute, sight threatening panuveitis. A double blind, placebo controlled, one month study on the efficacy of etanercept in suppressing the mucocutaneous manifestations of the disease showed beneficial results. To date, significant side effects have not been reported. It seems that TNF block is an effective new treatment for patients with Behçet's disease. Whether such treatment is superior to the conventional therapeutic approaches in preventing relapses and progression of the disease remains to be determined by carefully controlled studies. At least three open, long term studies, including larger numbers of patients are currently being conducted.
Prolonged antiplatelet therapy after coronary brachytherapy: When is it safe to stop clopidogrel?
Authors: Antonio P. Madrid, Mark A. Grise, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon, Peter J. Casterella, Anca Tchelibi, Cristian Cioar, Huan Giap, Shirish Jani, Steven Balter, Prabhakar Tripuraneni, Alexandra Lansky, Manuela Negoita, Roxanna Mehran, Paul S. Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Patient Autonomy and Death with Dignity
Authors: David L. Jackson, Stuart Youngner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE rapid advance in medical technology over the past two decades has raised serious questions about patient autonomy and the right to die with dignity. This article will attempt to examine psychologic issues affecting decision making in these areas. Attempts to answer these questions have come from many quarters: legal, ethical and religious, as well as medical. The lay public and press have also participated actively in this dialogue.Both legislatures and the courts have attempted to clarify these issues. Many states have enacted laws providing for "living wills" — legal documents that give patients the right to refuse heroic . . .
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer
Authors: Domagoj Vucic, Wayne J. Fairbrother
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Apoptosis is a cell suicide process with a major role in development and homeostasis in vertebrates and invertebrates. Inhibition of apoptosis enhances the survival of cancer cells and facilitates their escape from immune surveillance and cytotoxic therapies. Among the principal molecules contributing to this phenomenon are the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, a family of antiapoptotic regulators that block cell death in response to diverse stimuli through interactions with inducers and effectors of apoptosis. IAP proteins are expressed in the majority of human malignancies at elevated levels and play an active role in promoting tumor maintenance through the inhibition of cellular death and participation in signaling pathways associated with malignancies. Here, we discuss the role of IAP proteins in cancer and options for targeting IAP proteins for therapeutic intervention.
PERSISTENCE OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS IN THE NASOPHARYNX
Authors: Simon Flexner, Harold L. Amoss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

The virus of poliomyelitis occurs in the nasopharynx of man and monkeys. In man it has been detected by the inoculation test in washings from acute cases, rarely in similar washings from healthy contacts, in the nasopharyngeal tissues obtained from fatal cases in the 1st week of infection, but rarely, if ever, from nasopharyngeal tissues removed surgically at later periods in the course of the disease. In monkeys, also, the virus has been detected in the secretions from acute experimental infections, in the nasopharyngeal tissues derived from early cases, and rarely from cases several weeks or months after recovery from the acute symptoms. The inoculation of tonsils and adenoids obtained from cases of undoubted poliomyelitis either yielded definite results in the form of typical paralysis and histological lesions in the central nervous organs of the monkeys injected, or no symptoms or lesions which could be confounded with poliomyelitis. The indefinite symptoms and atypical lesions described in a certain class of inoculated animals by Kling, Pettersson, and Wernstedt were not encountered in our experiments. The deduction from the experiments reported is to the effect that the virus is regularly present in the nasopharynx in cases of poliomyelitis in the first days of illness, and especially in fatal cases; that it diminishes relatively quickly as the disease progresses, except in rare instances; and that it is unusual for a carrier state to be developed. Hence the period of greatest infectivity of patients would appear to be early in the disease, which is probably the time at which communication of the virus from person to person takes place. Available evidence proves that healthy carriers of the virus occur. We do not, however, possess data which indicate the frequency with which carriage arises. The fact that even after a severe and wide epidemic, such as occurred in the United States in 1916, the disease may virtually disappear within 2 or 3 years, points to the probability that enduring carriers of the active virus, whether healthy or chronic, are of exceptional occurrence.
Glutathione depletion impairs transcriptional activation of heat shock genes in primary cultures of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells.
Authors: K Rokutan, T Hirakawa, S Teshima, S Honda, K Kishi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

When primary cultures of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells were exposed to heat (43 degree C), ethanol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or diamide, heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, and HSC73) were rapidly synthesized. The extent of each HSP induction varied with the type of stress. Ethanol, H2O2, and diamide increased the syntheses of several other undefined proteins besides the HSPs. However, none of these proteins were induced by exposure to heat or the reagents, when intracellular glutathione was depleted to <10% of the control level by pretreatment with DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine. Gel mobility shift assay using a synthetic oligonucleotide coding HSP70 heat shock element showed that glutathione depletion inhibited the heat- and the reagent-initiated activation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and did not promote the expression of HSP70 mRNA. Immunoblot analysis with antiserum against HSF1 demonstrated that the steady-state level of HSF1 was not changed in glutathione-depleted cells, but glutathione depletion inhibited the nuclear translocation of HSF1 after exposure to heat stress. These results suggest that intracellular glutathione may support early and important biochemical events in the acquisition by gastric mucosal cells of an adaptive response to irritants.
Once daily fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray controls symptoms of most patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: B. Pedersen, R. Dahl, D. H. Richards, L. A. Jacques, B. B. Larsen, W. Pichler, K. N. Nykanen
Journal: Allergy (1995)

This multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 μg once daily (FPANS 200 μg od) with FPANS 200 μg twice daily (bd) in patients whose seasonal rhinitis symptoms were not completely controlled with FPANS 200 μg od. A total of 549 patients initially received FPANS 200 μg od during the open‐treatment phase of the study. After 2 weeks, 65% of patients had their symptoms well controlled by FPANS 200 μg od and continued with this treatment for a further 2 weeks. The remainder received either FPANS 200 μg od or FPANS 200 μg bd for a further 2 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by the analysis of symptom‐free days. In the uncontrolled group, there was a significant increase in the percentage of symptom‐free days in the FPANS 200 μg bd group over the FPANS 200 μg od group for nasal blockage on waking ( P &lt;0.05) and nasal blockage during the day ( P &lt;0.05). Similar trends were observed for sneezing, rhinorrhoea, nasal itching, and eye symptoms. There was a significant increase in the percentage of days with a symptom score of less than 2 in the FPANS 200 μg bd group for nasal blockage during the day ( P &lt; 0.05). Adverse events were similar in nature and frequency in each treatment group. It is concluded that in the majority of patients symptoms of seasonal rhinitis are well controlled by FPANS 200 μg od. In the minority of patients whose symptoms are not adequately controlled by a once daily dose, FPANS 200 μg bd provides additional relief, particularly from nasal blockage.
Abstract 687: Structure-based design, discovery, and pharmacological profiling of human AP endonuclease (APE1) inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Mohammed Z. Mohammed, Vaddadi N. Vyjayanti, Charles Laughton, Lodewijk Dekker, Peter M. Fischer, David M. Wilson, Srinivasan Madhusudan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Potentially cytotoxic AP site is an obligatory intermediate in base excision repair that is repaired by APE1. In the previous study we used fluorescence-based high through-put screening of a chemical library, biochemical and cellular investigations to identify compounds that selectively inhibited the DNA repair domain of APE1. To identify drug-like leads, we recently adopted an industry-standard high through-put virtual screening strategy. Sybyl8.0 molecular modelling software suite was used to build inhibitor templates based on first generation inhibitors. Similarity searching strategies, using ROCS2.3, were then applied to extract pharmacophorically related subsets of compounds from a chemically diverse database of 2546389 compounds resulting in 2535 potential hits. These 2535 compounds were then 3D-encoded, and subjected to docking against the active site of the APE1 model, using algorithm-based programme GOLD2.7. Predicted ligand poses were ranked on the basis of two scoring functions (GOLD score and CHEMO score). The top hits were examined for favourable pharmaceutical properties and underwent detailed biochemical analyses. Several novel inhibitors of APE1 have been identified. Further modelling and biochemical studies in polymorphic variants of APE1, showed that many APE1 inhibitors preferentially bound to the D148E polymorph compared to the wild type. APE1 inhibitors potentiated the cytoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in melanoma, glioma, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer cell line models implying therapeutic applications in these tumour types. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 687.