tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The preexcitation index: an aid in determining the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia and localizing accessory pathways.
Authors: W M Miles, R Yee, G J Klein, D P Zipes, E N Prystowsky
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In this study we sought to determine whether characteristics of ventricular-induced atrial preexcitation during reciprocating tachycardia could help differentiate atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentry from orthodromic AV reentry using an accessory pathway and to identify the site of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Fifty-five patients with orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia and 22 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia were studied with standard electrophysiologic techniques. There were 24 left free wall, 23 posterior septal, seven anterior septal, and one right free wall accessory pathways. Progressively premature right ventricular complexes (V2) were introduced during reciprocating tachycardia (V1V1). The V1V1 interval during tachycardia minus the longest V1V2 at which atrial preexcitation occurred defined a preexcitation index (PI). Atrial preexcitation occurred in 49 of 55 (89%) patients with AV reentry compared with only three of 22 (14%) patients with AV nodal reentry (p less than .001). In the three patients with AV nodal reentry who demonstrated atrial preexcitation, the PI was distinct from that of the septal pathways and was in the upper range of values for left free wall pathways. The percentage of tachycardias demonstrating atrial preexcitation was not different between the free wall and septal pathways, but His bundle activation was visible at the time of atrial preexcitation in only six of 17 (35%) left free wall compared with 13 of 16 (81%) posterior septal and seven of seven (100%) anterior septal pathways (p less than .05 free wall vs posterior or anterior septal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-Range Observations of Sodium Exchange in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: JOHN A. LUSK, S. DONALD PALMER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Long-term studies of sodium balance were made in three patients with congestive failure. The data indicate exchange of water and sodium between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. They suggest that a portion of the intracellular cation exists in a form which is not osmotically active. The term "quantometer" is applied to the previously described intracranial volume-regulating mechanism. An hypothesis is offered in which it is assumed that exhaustion of this quantometer may contribute to the retention of sodium as heart failure becomes manifest.
Profile of patients with chemical injury and sensitivity.
Authors: G Ziem, J McTamney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Patients reporting sensitivity to multiple chemicals at levels usually tolerated by the healthy population were administered standardized questionnaires to evaluate their symptoms and the exposures that aggravated these symptoms. Many patients were referred for medical tests. It is thought that patients with chemical sensitivity have organ abnormalities involving the liver, nervous system (brain, including limbic, peripheral, autonomic), immune system, and porphyrin metabolism, probably reflecting chemical injury to these systems. Laboratory results are not consistent with a psychologic origin of chemical sensitivity. Substantial overlap between chemical sensitivity, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome exists: the latter two conditions often involve chemical sensitivity and may even be the same disorder. Other disorders commonly seen in chemical sensitivity patients include headache (often migraine), chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal aching, chronic respiratory inflammation (rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, asthma), attention deficit, and hyperactivity (affected younger children). Less common disorders include tremor, seizures, and mitral valve prolapse. Patients with these overlapping disorders should be evaluated for chemical sensitivity and excluded from control groups in future research. Agents whose exposures are associated with symptoms and suspected of causing onset of chemical sensitivity with chronic illness include gasoline, kerosene, natural gas, pesticides (especially chlordane and chlorpyrifos), solvents, new carpet and other renovation materials, adhesives/glues, fiberglass, carbonless copy paper, fabric softener, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, carpet shampoos (lauryl sulfate) and other cleaning agents, isocyanates, combustion products (poorly vented gas heaters, overheated batteries), and medications (dinitrochlorobenzene for warts, intranasally packed neosynephrine, prolonged antibiotics, and general anesthesia with petrochemicals). Multiple mechanisms of chemical injury that magnify response to exposures in chemically sensitive patients can include neurogenic inflammation (respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary), kindling and time-dependent sensitization (neurologic), impaired porphyrin metabolism (multiple organs), and immune activation.
Dutch MPs vote to allow women to freeze oocytes to delay parenthood
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Women in the Netherlands will be allowed to have their egg cells frozen for later use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment on social not just medical grounds, ending three years of controversy.

Despite opposition from three Christian parties, most MPs have accepted that there is no reason to ban the treatment for women up to the age of 45 who may wish to delay pregnancy because they are single or don’t want to take a career break.

Recently the IVF clinic at Amsterdam’s Academic Medical Centre announced that it was to begin offering the treatment on social grounds, reigniting the issue. Its professor of …
Hippocratic Oaths: Medicine and its Discontents
Authors: Stuart W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (2004)

C ontemporary books on health and medicine tend to have an apocalyptic bent, predicting or insinuating medical disaster and incompetence on an epidemic scale. Tallis bucks this trend describing the incredible historical achievements of medical science, the tremendous scope of contemporary knowledge and organisation, and the dedication and talent of those who wear the white coats. When Tallis describes the achievement of nearly eliminating river blindness from west Africa, he is partly stating the obvious—blindness is bad and seeing is good—but this message of triumph is delivered so rarely that the arrival is surprising. Tallis is also explaining that while improvements in housing, sanitation, and so forth have certainly contributed to human wellbeing, the contribution of medicine was and continues to be large. Raymond Tallis Atlantic Books, £19.99, pp 342 ISBN 1 84354 126 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Tallis is no Dr Pangloss, however. Hippocratic Oaths is a rare gem for its optimism but it arrives alongside a justified anger at the state and trajectory of British medicine. While part one of the book champions the progress of medical … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
UBE4B promotes Hdm2-mediated degradation of the tumor suppressor p53
Authors: Hong Wu, Scott L Pomeroy, Manuel Ferreira, Natalia Teider, Juliana Mariani, Keiichi I Nakayama, Shigetsugu Hatakeyama, Victor A Tron, Linda F Saltibus, Leo Spyracopoulos, Roger P Leng
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
The 2009 budget and the NHS
Authors: C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors need to be fully engaged in saving money and improving outcomes

Reassurances by ministers about the implications of the 2009 budget for NHS spending should not mask the reality that funding will become much tighter. The first effects will be felt in 2010-1, when the NHS will need to contribute £2.3bn (€2.6bn; $3.4bn) of the £5bn of public sector efficiency savings being sought that year. Thereafter, the likelihood is of real and substantial cuts as the government takes steps to deal with the effects of the recession and the banking crisis, a prospect that is much worse than seemed likely even in the autumn.1

An analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies indicates that a plausible scenario is real reductions in spending in all government departments except for international development, perhaps of about 2%.2 These cuts will last at least until 2014, and they could extend over a longer period, depending on the accuracy of the chancellor’s assumptions on economic growth. The 2009 budget therefore signals the beginning of a sustained period of disinvestment in the NHS, a mirror image of Tony Blair’s commitment in 2000 to increase healthcare spending to bring it in line with the European Union average.

In anticipation of tough times ahead, the Treasury has undertaken reviews …
Change in Trans Fatty Acid Content of Fast-Food Purchases Associated With New York City's Restaurant Regulation
Authors: Sonia Y. Angell, Laura K. Cobb, Christine J. Curtis, Kevin J. Konty, Lynn D. Silver
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Dietary trans fat increases risk for coronary heart disease. In 2006, New York City (NYC) passed the first regulation in the United States restricting trans fat use in restaurants.To assess the effect of the NYC regulation on the trans and saturated fat content of fast-food purchases.Cross-sectional study that included purchase receipts matched to available nutritional information and brief surveys of adult lunchtime restaurant customers conducted in 2007 and 2009, before and after implementation of the regulation.168 randomly selected NYC restaurant locations of 11 fast-food chains.Adult restaurant customers interviewed in 2007 and 2009.Change in mean grams of trans fat, saturated fat, trans plus saturated fat, and trans fat per 1000 kcal per purchase, overall and by chain type.The final sample included 6969 purchases in 2007 and 7885 purchases in 2009. Overall, mean trans fat per purchase decreased by 2.4 g (95% CI, -2.8 to -2.0 g; P < 0.001), whereas saturated fat showed a slight increase of 0.55 g (CI, 0.1 to 1.0 g; P = 0.011). Mean trans plus saturated fat content decreased by 1.9 g overall (CI, -2.5 to -1.2 g; P < 0.001). Mean trans fat per 1000 kcal decreased by 2.7 g per 1000 kcal (CI, -3.1 to -2.3 g per 1000 kcal; P < 0.001). Purchases with zero grams of trans fat increased from 32% to 59%. In a multivariate analysis, the poverty rate of the neighborhood in which the restaurant was located was not associated with changes.Fast-food restaurants that were included may not be representative of all NYC restaurants.The introduction of a local restaurant regulation was associated with a substantial and statistically significant decrease in the trans fat content of purchases at fast-food chains, without a commensurate increase in saturated fat. Restaurant patrons from high- and low-poverty neighborhoods benefited equally. However, federal regulation will be necessary to fully eliminate population exposure to industrial trans fat sources.City of New York and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Healthy Eating Research program.
Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in Filipina-American Women
Authors: Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Deborah L. Wingard, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To compare the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and features of the metabolic syndrome among Filipina and Caucasian women in San Diego County, California. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data on several chronic diseases were collected between 1992 and 1999 from community-dwelling Filipina (n=294) and Caucasian (n=379) women aged 50–69 years. RESULTS—Filipina and Caucasian women did not differ in mean age (59.7 vs. 60 years, respectively), BMI (25.6 vs. 25.4 kg/m2), percentage of body fat (33.5 vs. 34.2%), or waist-to-hip ratio (0.84 vs. 0.83), although Filipinas had larger waist circumferences and higher percentages of truncal fat. Compared with Caucasians, Filipinas were less likely to be obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, 8.8 vs. 14%, P=0.04) and less likely to smoke, consume alcohol, or take postmenopausal estrogen; Filipinas also had lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Compared with Caucasians, Filipinas had higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test criteria (36 vs. 9%) and the metabolic syndrome (34 vs. 13%). These differences persisted after adjusting for age, body size, fat distribution, percentage of body fat, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and estrogen therapy. CONCLUSIONS—A total of 10% of Filipinas with diabetes were obese, compared with one third of Caucasians with diabetes. The finding of a high prevalence of diabetes in an unstudied nonobese ethnic group reinforces the importance of expanding the study of diabetes to diverse populations. The high prevalence of diabetes in populations who are not of Northern European ancestry may be missed when they are not obese by Western standards.
S –Adenosyl–L–Methionine Attenuates Alcohol–Induced Liver Injury in the Baboon
Authors: Charles S. Lieber, Alessandro Casini, Leonore M. Decarli, Cho-Il Kim, Nancy Lowe, Rika Sasaki, Maria A. Leo
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Chronic ethanol consumption by baboons (50% of energy from a liquid diet) for 18 to 36 mo resulted in significant depletion of hepatic S –adenosyl–L–methionine concentration: 74.6 ± 2.4 nmol/gm vs. 108.9 ± 8.2 nmol/gm liver in controls (p &lt; 0.005). The depletion was corrected with S –adenosyl–L–methionine (0.4 mg/kcal) administration (102.1 ± 15.4 nmol/gm after S –adenosyl–L–methionine-ethanol, with 121.4 ± 11.9 nmol/gm in controls). Ethanol also induced a depletion of glutathione (2.63 ± 0.13 μmol/gm after ethanol vs. 4.87 ± 0.36 μmol/gm in controls) that was attenuated by S –adenosyl–L–methionine (3.89 ± 0.51 μmol/gm in S –adenosyl–L–methionine–methanol vs. 5.22 ± 0.53 μmol/gm in S –adenosyl–L–methionine controls). There was a significant correlation between hepatic S –adenosyl–L–methionine and glutathione level (r = 0.497; p &lt; 0.01). After the baboons received ethanol, we observed the expected increase in circulating levels of the mitochondrial enzyme glutamic dehydrogenase: 95.1 ± 21.4 IU/L vs. 13.4 ± 1.8 IU/L; p &lt; 0.001, whereas in a corresponding group of animals given S –adenosyl–L–methionine with ethanol, the values were only 30.3 ± 7.1 IU/L (vs. 9.6 ± 0.7 IU/L in the S –adenosyl–L–methionine controls). This attenuation by S –adenosyl–L–methionine of the ethanol–induced increase in plasma glutamic dehydrogenase (p &lt; 0.005) was associated with a decrease in the number of giant mitochondria (assessed in percutaneous liver biopsy specimens), with a corresponding change in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, a mitochondrial marker enzyme. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was increased in liver homogenates of animals fed ethanol (81.4 ± 4.0 mU/mg protein vs. 55.4 ± 2.1 mU/mg in controls; p &lt; 0.001), probably reflecting the increased mitochondrial mass. S –adenosyl–L–methionine decreased succinate dehydrogenase levels (66.7 ± 3.6 mU/mg protein in S –adenosyl–L–methionine–ethanol group vs. 45.5 ± 2.2 mU/mg in S –adenosyl–L–methionine controls; p &lt; 0.001). S –adenosyl–L–methionine supplementation also significantly lessened the ethanol–induced increase of plasma AST. Thus long–term ethanol intake is associated with hepatic S –adenosyl–L–methionine depletion, which can be corrected at least in part by S –adenosyl–L–methionine administration, resulting in an attenuation of some alcohol–induced liver injury.
Laser may have uses in bladder tumors, esophageal blockages
Authors: J. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Robert Heywood Seville
Authors: P V Harrison
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant dermatologist Lancaster 1953-80 (b 1920; q Leeds 1944; MD, MRCP, FRCP), d 16 January 2002.


As a consultant dermatologist in Lancaster, Robert Heywood Seville initially worked single handed, covering Morecambe Bay, Preston, and Blackpool. He was instrumental in developing a specialist dermatology unit in Lancaster in the 1960s. In 1972 he was joined by a second consultant dermatologist. He had developed his interest in dermatology after service in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and he went on to develop 



expertise in the treatment of psoriasis with dithranol and to undertake pioneering work on the links between psoriasis and stress. He had a lifelong interest in mountains, particularly his beloved Lakeland Fells. He leaves his second wife, Hazel, and a son.
Acute Hemolytic Anemia from Quinine Used as an Abortifacient
Authors: A. T. Licciardello, J. B. Stanbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ACUTE hemolytic anemia following the administration of quinine has rarely been observed except in the presence of malaria. Terplan and Javert1 found 8 cases in the literature and reported a case of their own. All these patients were women who had taken or been given the drug as an abortifacient. All died. They showed evidence of a severe degree of intravascular hemolysis and, in most cases, hemoglobinuria. When measured, the nonprotein nitrogen content of the blood was found to be very high. The intake of the drug was not always beyond usual therapeutic dosage: as little as 0.4 gm. proved . . .
Mesothelioma: Has Patient Had Contact With Even Small Amount of Asbestos?
Authors: Katherine Garrahan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

MESOTHELIOMA, primarily an asbestos-related cancer, has traditionally been tracked through the incidence rate in workers handling asbestos directly. Now, epidemiologists are recording cases of the tumor in persons who have worked with materials containing even small quantities of asbestos. "It is a very important new phenomenon," says Irving J. Selikoff, MD, professor emeritus, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York. "Physicians must now begin taking histories with questions directed to [learning if patients ever have been] construction workers." Electricians, plumbers, steamfitters, laborers, carpenters, boilermakers, and their supervisors all have worked around asbestos. Brake-lining repairpersons, workers in chemical plants, refineries, powerhouses, and factories, and building maintenance personnel all are at risk, just as were the much-studied shipbuilders of the 1940s. Until recently, the basic implements used in these trades contained the friable fibers. Some still do. Asbestos has been used in pipes, concrete, plastics, paints, asphalt, and shingles.
An Analysis of 16,327 Breech Births
Authors: Harold S. Morgan, Sydney H. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The perinatal mortality rate associated with the delivery of an infant presenting by the breech is analyzed in this report. Information gathered from 147 hospitals during the years 1961 and 1962 has been subjected to computer analysis. A total of 404,847 patients were delivered during this period; of these 16,327 were breech deliveries. The perinatal death rate for all breeches is 5 1/2 times greater than for the entire study. When corrected for prematurity and limited to babies weighing over 2,500 gm, the breech perinatal mortality is still 3 1/2 times the expected value for its frequency incidence. Breech presentation carries a definite risk to the baby and presents a challenge to all physicians engaged in obstetrics.
Iraq health minister seeks more funds for future health system
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Iraq's interim health minister, Khudair Abbas, is hoping to raise $1.6bn (£1bn; €1.4bn) at a donors' conference in Madrid, Spain, next week when he presents new plans to rebuild Iraq's health system -- virtually from scratch -- over the next four years, public health officials said.

Dr Abbas has drawn up a blueprint for Iraq's future public health system and an assessment of the occupied country's immediate public health needs in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.

Rebuilding …
Abstract 5241: Development of a single Listeria monocytogene-based vaccine simultaneously targeting two antigens
Authors: Anu Wallecha, Inga Malinina, Kimberly Ramos, Reshma Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Previously published studies reported that recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm-LLO)-based vaccines expressing either tumor associated antigens (TAA) or angiogenesis associated antigens fused to an immunogenic fragment of listeriolysin O (LLO) have demonstrated efficacy in mouse models with several types of tumors such as lung, breast, prostate or melanoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that an Lm-LLO vaccine capable of delivering two disparate antigens with two different therapeutic mechanisms would likely have a synergistic effect on decreasing tumor growth by 1) targeting blood vessels, which may enhance effector T cell infiltration into the tumor and 2) improving the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine. In addition, a dual vaccine construct creates a flexible platform for future use. The Lm-LLO-cHER2 vaccine was developed using a chimeric HER2/neu (cHER2) construct, and was found to regress tumors, elicit a strong T cell immune response and break immune tolerance towards the HER2/neu self-antigen in experimental animals. The Lm-LLO-VEGR2 vaccine has been shown to eradicate established breast tumors, reduce microvascular density, protect against tumor rechallange and metastases, and induce epitope spreading to various regions of the TAA such as HER2/neu. A dual Lm-LLO vaccine was developed that expresses and secretes both the VEGFR2 and cHER2 antigens as LLO-based proteins and is based on a highly attenuated Listeria monocytogenes backbone Lm Δ dal dat actA, which is cleared 48 hours post-injection in interferon gamma knock-out mice. Initial characterization of the dual vaccine indicates that the two antigens cHER2 and VEGFR2 are stably expressed and secreted after two in vivo mouse passages. Currently, we are evaluating the anti-tumor effects and antigen specific immune responses generated by the dual vaccine in mouse models. If successful, this dual vaccine may offer a new immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer in humans. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5241. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5241