tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case for cultural adaptation of psychological interventions for mental healthcare in low and middle income countries
Authors: S. Rathod, D. Kingdon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Drake and colleagues make an excellent case for culturally adapted, relevant services and interventions for mental illness in low and middle income countries.1 Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a key evidence based therapy that is widely used across the globe for various illnesses. However, the concepts and constructs used in therapy …
Self-Reported Data: Reliability and Role in Determining Program Effectiveness
Authors: Maryann M Zaremba, Beth Willhoite, Knut Ra
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

This study was conducted to assess the reliability of self-reported hospitalization data, as well as the appropriateness of using self-reported data in evaluating the effectiveness of the Maine Ambulatory Diabetes Education and Follow-Up (ADEF) program. A Maine Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) inpatient claims file was used as the reference source to verify self-reported hospitalization data. For a sample of 99 BC/BS subscribers who attended the ADEF program, 77% of the study participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns over a 12-mo time period before attending the education program, and 81% of the participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns during a posteducation follow-up time period. The reference BC/BS claims data documented a reduction in hospitalizations for the study participants similar to that reported using the ADEF self-reported hospitalization data. The Maine Diabetes Control Project used the self-reported hospitalization data in combination with selected reference claims data to secure third-party reimbursement for the Maine ADEF Program.
Coping with Entitlement in Medical Education
Authors: Steven L. Dubovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Medical educators had hoped that increased elective time, decreased night call, ethics courses, and other efforts to address nontechnical issues and reduce stress in medical education would provide student physicians more time and encouragement for personal development and self-scrutiny and would promote the development of more healthy, humanistic, and self-motivated physicians.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 However, despite what many would agree is a richer educational atmosphere, there is little evidence that these and other innovations have had any enduring influence on the character of the physician who is produced by the improved system.7 If anything, many experts are voicing increasing concern about such problems . . .
Functional Genomic Analyses Identify Pathways Dysregulated by Progranulin Deficiency, Implicating Wnt Signaling
Authors: Ezra Y. Rosen, Eric M. Wexler, Revital Versano, Giovanni Coppola, Fuying Gao, Kellen D. Winden, Michael C. Oldham, Lauren Herl Martens, Ping Zhou, Robert V. Farese, Daniel H. Geschwind
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Concerning the independence of the basis of hypertension due to ACTH or renovascular constriction
Authors: A. A. SHULKES, J. P. COGHLAN, D. A. DENTON, J. S. K. FAN, B. A. SCOGGINS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Administration of ACTH to four sheep with chronic renovascular hypertension resulted in an increase in blood pressure which was at least as high as that described in normotensive sheep and could be completely accounted for by an increase in cardiac output.
Balanced Globin Chain Synthesis in Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
Authors: C. L. Natta, G. A. Niazi, S. Ford, A. Bank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

In two black families with the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) gene there are eight A-F heterozygotes and two double heterozygotes for sickle cell trait and HPFH. These patients are clinically asymptomatic and have homogeneous acid elution smears. Measurement of globin chain synthesis in peripheral blood demonstrates balanced production of a alpha and non-alpha (beta plus gamma) chains. In these patients, the balance is achieved by increased gamma globin production and increased activity of the remaining beta globin allele. In two patients, one A-F and the other S-F there is also balanced globin synthesis in the bone marrow. In a double heterozygote for HPFH and beta-thalassemia, anemia (Hb: 11.5 g/100 ml) is associated with a moderate degree of globin chain imbalance. There is a correlation between balanced globin chain synthesis and the absence of anemia in patients with HPFH.
Anatomical progression of coronary artery disease in humans as seen by prospective, repeated, quantitated coronary angiography. Relation to clinical events and risk factors. The INTACT Study Group.
Authors: P R Lichtlen, P Nikutta, S Jost, J Deckers, B Wiese, W Rafflenbeul
Journal: Circulation (1992)

At present, there is extensive knowledge on the clinical course of coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas data on the underlying anatomical changes and their relation to clinical events are still limited.We investigated progression and regression of CAD prospectively over 3 years in 230 patients (average age, 53.2 years) with mild to moderate disease by applying quantitated, repeated coronary angiography. Minimal stenotic diameters, segment diameters, and percent stenosis were analyzed by the computer-assisted Coronary Angiography Analysis System (CAAS). Progression was defined either as an increase in percent stenosis of preexisting stenoses by greater than or equal to 20% including occlusions or as formation of new stenoses greater than or equal to 20% and new occlusions in previously angiographically "normal" segments. At first angiography, we found 838 stenoses greater than or equal to 20% (average degree, 39.3%) and 135 occlusions in the four major coronary branches (4.23 lesions per patient). At second angiography, 82 (9.8%) of the preexisting stenoses had progressed, 15 of them up to occlusion (1.8%; preocclusion degree averaging 46.6%; 29.7-65.6%). In addition, there were 144 newly formed stenoses (average degree, 39.2%) and 10 new occlusions. Hence, 25 (2.6%) of all stenoses had become occluded. Altogether, 129 patients (56.1%) showed progression: 68 (29.6%) with new lesions only, 27 (11.7%) with preexisting lesions, and 34 (14.8%) with both types. Regression (decrease in degree of stenoses greater than or equal to 20%) was present in 29 stenoses (3.6%) and 28 patients (12%). The incidence of new myocardial infarctions was low, with three originating from occluding preexisting stenoses and one from new stenoses; hence, only four (16%) of the 25 new occlusions led to myocardial infarctions. Risk factor analysis showed that cigarette smoking correlated significantly with the formation of new lesions (p = 0.001), whereas total cholesterol correlated with the further progression of preexisting stenoses (p = 0.017) but not with the incidence of new lesions.In patients with mild to moderate CAD, the angiographic progression is slow (in this study 18.7% of patients and 7% of stenoses per year) but exceeds regression (4.1% of patients and 1.2% of stenoses per year). Progression is predominantly seen in the formation of new coronary stenoses and less in growth of preexisting ones. Most of the stenoses were of a low degree (less than 50%), clinically not manifest including those going into occlusion and leading to myocardial infarction. Progression was influenced by risk factors, especially cigarette smoking (formation of new lesions) and high cholesterol levels (progression of preexisting stenoses).
Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression and Regression at Bifurcations Using Combined IVUS and OCT
Authors: Roberto Diletti, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Josep Gomez-Lara, Salvatore Brugaletta, Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Nienke van Ditzhuijzen, Robert Jan van Geuns, Evelyn Regar, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Mechanical Ventilatory Support-Reply
Authors: Roy D. Cane
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Dr Johnson's statement that negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators are identical in physical and physiologic principles is not correct. Studies and clinical experience have shown that positive-pressure ventilation results in an increase in mean intrathoracic pressure.1This increase in mean intrathoracic pressure may result in diminution of cardiac output2and disruption of ventilation-perfusion relationships.3,4The same is not true of negative-pressure ventilators.  We do not disagree with Dr Johnson about the advantages of volume ventilators over pressure ventilators. However, as stated in our article, we limited our discussion to volume ventilators since it is currently believed that pressure-cycled machines are not desirable. Our article discusses the principles of ventilatory support of acutely ill patients. We did not intend any injustice to patients requiring long-term ventilatory support. The support of patients with chronic irreverisble ventilatory insufficiency requires consideration of factors not necessarily pertinent to acute short-term ventilation
Abstract 3936: Identifying molecular subgroups of gliomas in formalin fixed paraffin embedded material
Authors: Lonneke A. Gravendeel, Johan J. de Rooi, Lale Erdem, Paul H. Eilers, Johan M. Kros, Peter A. Sillevis Smitt, Martin J. van den Bent, Pim J. French
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with heterogeneous morphology and variable prognosis. Histological classification, combined with the patients’ prognostic features, often guides treatment decisions. Unfortunately, differences in histology are subtle and therefore, diagnosis is subject to a large interobserver variability. To improve classification, we did expression profiling on fresh frozen tumor material of 276 glioma samples of all histological subtypes. This resulted in seven molecular subgroups, which correlated significantly better with survival than histology. When validated in prospective studies these molecular clusters could contribute to clinical decision making. However, there is a lack of fresh frozen glioma material, and until now clinical studies have been performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) material. Therefore, we would like to see whether our molecular clusters are reproducible in FFPE material. Expression profiling was performed on 57 paired snap-frozen/FFPE glioma samples of all histological and molecular subtypes and three non-diseased brain samples. We collected FFPE material from the same patients that were included in our previous study (Gravendeel et al. Cancer Res 2009). FFPE expression profiling was performed using Hu_Ex_1.0_st “exon” arrays (Affymetrix) in combination with Nugen WT-Ovation technology (FFPE V2 and Exon modules). FFPE expression profiles were assigned to a molecular cluster based on its nearest centroid using the 20.000 most variably expressed exons. Preliminary analysis indicates that approximately 75% of all samples were assigned to the correct molecular cluster. Survival data confirmed that the molecular clusters identified using FFPE material retained significant prognostic value, similar to those obtained using fresh frozen material (p=0.0016). Our data indicate that exon arrays in combination with Nugen WT technology are a suitable platform to perform expression profiling on FFPE samples. We are currently expanding our dataset to include FFPE samples from a large phase III European trial. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3936. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3936
Formaldehyde exposure and health status in households.
Authors: I Broder, P Corey, P Brasher, M Lipa, P Cole
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This report describes a case study concerned with acute and subacute health effects of formaldehyde in the indoor air, which is based on a large group of control houses and houses retroinsulated 4 to 5 years earlier with urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI). Both groups underwent an environmental and health assessment on two occasions separated by an interval of 12 months, during which about one-half of the UFFI group performed remedial work on their houses. The results show that in the first survey of the study population, before remedial work, there was a moderate excess of many adverse health status indicators among the UFFI subset relative to the controls. This was associated with the presence of direct exposure-response relationships between formaldehyde levels in the UFFI houses and the prevalence of a number of symptoms. No comparable relationships were seen among the controls. At the second survey, performed following the removal of the UFFI, there was an appreciable reduction in the excess of most adverse health status indicators among the UFFI subjects. This improvement in health status among the UFFI removal subset was not associated with any significant diminution of formaldehyde exposures, although the previously observed exposure-response relationships had vanished. These observations imply that the findings obtained in the preremedial stage of the study cannot be explained by formaldehyde exposure alone.
Pharyngeal Pseudodiverticulum in an Adult
Authors: Francis J. Scarpa
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Posterior perforation of the cervical portion of the esophagus may present deceptive clinical and roentgenographic pictures. In the neonate, the clinical picture resembles that of esophageal atresia; in the adult, the roentgenographic appearance may resemble Zenker diverticulum. In either instance, treatment should be no different from that employed for more commonplace esophageal perforations, namely, prompt, aggressive surgical intervention. (<i>JAMA</i>234:740-741, 1975)
Amitriptyline plasma concentration and clinical response.
Authors: S A Montgomery, R McAuley, S J Rani, D B Montgomery, R Braithwaite, S Dawling
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The brain9s skill in estimating the 3-D orientation of viewed surfaces supports a range of behaviors, from placing an object on a nearby table, to planning the best route when hill walking. This ability relies on integrating depth signals across extensive regions of space that exceed the receptive fields of early sensory neurons. Although hierarchical selection and pooling is central to understanding of the ventral visual pathway, the successive operations in the dorsal stream are poorly understood. Here we use computational modeling of human fMRI signals to probe the computations that extract 3-D surface orientation from binocular disparity. To understand how representations evolve across the hierarchy, we developed an inference approach using a series of generative models to explain the empirical fMRI data in different cortical areas. Specifically, we simulated the responses of candidate visual processing algorithms and tested how well they explained fMRI responses. Thereby we demonstrate a hierarchical refinement of visual representations moving from the representation of edges and figure–ground segmentation (V1, V2) to spatially extensive disparity gradients in V3A. We show that responses in V3A are little affected by low-level image covariates, and have a partial tolerance to the overall depth position. Finally, we show that responses in V3A parallel perceptual judgments of slant. This reveals a relatively short computational hierarchy that captures key information about the 3-D structure of nearby surfaces, and more generally demonstrates an analysis approach that may be of merit in a diverse range of brain imaging domains.
Association of soluble CD89 levels with disease progression but not susceptibility in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Mai T. Vuong, Mirjana Hahn-Zoric, Sigrid Lundberg, Iva Gunnarsson, Cees van Kooten, Lars Wramner, Maria Seddighzadeh, Anders Fernström, Lars Å Hanson, Lieu Thi Do, Stefan H. Jacobson, Leonid Padyukov
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Serum Creatinine and Drug Half-Lives
Authors: J. Kampmann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  In your journal, the relationship between serum creatinine and drug half-life has recently been discussed (209:539, 1969; 219:1037, 1972; 221:918, 1972). From the literature, Perrier and Gibaldi have calculated endogenous creatinine production rates varying from 1.17 to 0.8 mg/min. None of these studies mention weight, sex, and age-dependent changes in creatinine production.  We have studied the excretion of creatinine in the urine on 479 patients in different age groups. 1,2 In men as well as in women, mean values of urinary creatinine per kilogram body weight per 24 hours were found to decrease with age, in men from 23.8 plus or minus 2.5 mg standard deviation in the group aged 20 to 30 years to 9.4 plus or minus 3.2 mg in the group aged 80 to 90 years, and in women from 19.7 plus or minus 3.9 to 8.4 plus or minus 1.4 mg in the same
Tamoxifen may increase risk of uterine sarcoma
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The US Food and Drug Administration issued a new warning on the drug tamoxifen, advising doctors that it may cause an aggressive cancer of the uterus.

The labelling of tamoxifen will be changed to add a “black box” warning about the newly identified risk of uterine sarcoma, the drug agency said. Black boxes are used to draw attention to problems that are serious and potentially life …
Four challenges for cognitive neuroscience and the cortico-hippocampal division of memory
Authors: Harry Howard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Jackendoff's criticisms of the current state of theorization in cognitive neuroscience are defused by recent work on the computational complementarity of the hippocampus and neocortex. Such considerations lead to a grounding of Jackendoff's processing model in the complementary methods of pattern analysis effected by independent component analysis (ICA) and principle component analysis (PCA).
Hereditary 'white nails': a genetic and structural study
Authors: E.E. Norgett, F. Wolf, B. Balme, I.M. Leigh, H. Perrot, D.P. Kelsell, M. Haftek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Hereditary subtotal leuconychia is a rare nail disease. The gene(s) underlying this phenotype is (are) not known. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of nails are performed infrequently.To perform genetic linkage analysis and to assess ultrastructure and soft/hard keratin expression in hereditary white nails.We have analysed microscopically and ultrastructurally the white nails of a patient from a family in which the trait is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner as an isolated symptom. No skin lesions or hair abnormalities could be detected. Genetic linkage studies were performed on DNA samples obtained from several members of the affected family. A longitudinal surgical biopsy of the nail from a great toe was split in two parts. One part was fixed in formalin and processed for histopathology. Another part was further subdivided and embedded either in Epon, following fixation in 2% glutaraldehyde, or in Lowicryl K4M, after fixation in 3% paraformaldehyde. Dewaxed nail sections and Lowicryl ultrathin sections were also stained with various antikeratin antibodies.Genetic linkage studies of the family pointed to the disease gene mapping to the chromosomal 12q13 region. Genes mapping within this chromosomal region include the genes coding for type II (basic) cytokeratins and hard keratins. The nail matrix presented an abnormal hypergranulosis. The upper part of the nail plate, originating from the proximal nail matrix, had a nonhomogeneous lamellar appearance, with numerous intracellular 'lipidic' vacuoles and 'empty' spaces separating keratin filament bundles. These cells were progressively shed at the nail surface. The cell loss was compensated by hyperproliferation of the distal matrix and of the nail bed keratinocytes, with persistent marked parakeratosis and loose arrangement of keratin bundles. The distal matrix and the nail bed contributed equally to formation of the lower plate. This presented the characteristics of a tissue composed of soft keratins. Accordingly, there was virtually no labelling with the Hb1 antibody to a basic hard keratin in the white nail, whereas the labelling with AE3 antibody to all type II keratins and with KL1 recognizing suprabasal soft keratins was normal or even enhanced.Genetic linkage indicates that the gene defect underlying the leuconychia in the family studied resides on chromosome 12q13. As the type II keratins map within this chromosomal interval, it is possible that a mutation in one of these keratin genes may be a cause of the hereditary leuconychia. The white appearance of nails in this disease seems to be due to an abnormal keratinization of cells originating from the proximal nail matrix, leading to the presence of abundant intracellular vacuoles and to a lesser compactness of keratins.
New century of achievement awaits unique National Institutes of Health
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In a world full of initials and acronyms, most physicians and other medical scientists in the United States are aware that NIH stands for National Institutes of Health. But what the existence of the NIH means for the practice of medicine is another story, one that—at least in part—the MEDICAL NEWS section of this issue seeks to tell. The NIH employs nearly 15,000 persons, almost 10% of whom are physicians, and most of whom work on or near its approximately 125-hectare (slightly more than 306-acre) campus in the Washington, DC, suburb of Bethesda, Md. There are 60 buildings on the main campus. Here, as well as in other facilities in the locality and at Research Triangle Park, NC, where the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is located, NIH investigators, staff, and advisors concentrate on research and clinical problems. In addition to intramural research at the NIH, more than 19,000
Pneumoperitoneum after argon plasma coagulation treatment: perforation or accumulation of air in the cavity?
Authors: G. Manes, V. Imbesi, G. Bianchi-Porro
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a safe method of electrocoagulation [1] [2]. However, perforation can occasionally occur after the development of submucosal emphysema: contact of the probe with the mucosa, thermal injury, and high argon flow can all lead to an escape of gas through the gastrointestinal tract wall. Pneumoperitoneum developing after APC can be asymptomatic and heal spontaneously, and the perforation site might not be found at laparotomy [2] [3] [4] [5]. We have encountered two patients with submucosal emphysema and pneumoperitoneum which developed after APC.
Transplacental Transmission of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An abstract under the title, "A Case of Transplacental Tumor Metastasis," (<i>Acta Pediat</i><b>52</b>:123, 1963) appeared recently. A 9-week-old child, born of a mother who died 4 days post partum of metastatic malignant melanoma, was found to have several tumor masses, biopsy of one of which showed necrotic tissue containing melaninpositive pigment. X-ray examination of the chest revealed several thimble-sized, rounded, parenchymal lesions. The tumors and lung changes disappeared without therapy. It is difficult to determine from this report the exact nature of the lesions in this infant. There is also a recent publication on the experimental transmission of malignant melanoma cells through the placenta (<i>Surg Gynec Obstet</i><b>114</b>:485, 1962). Diamandopoulos and Hertig in their article, "Transmission of Leukemia and Allied Diseases from Mother to Fetus," include the following reference: "A Case of Transplacental Metastasis of Malignant Melanoma from Mother to Fetus" (<i>J Obstet Gynaec</i>