tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B77: Curcumin deteriorates trabecular and cortical bone in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Bone is a major target of metastasis for many malignancies; curcumin has been studied for its role in cancer prevention including early phase clinical trials for its efficacy and safe use with cancer patients. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with curcumin (2% and 4%) on (1) pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and (2) bone microstructural changes in female C57BL/6 mice. Curcumin significantly increased the size of lung metastases, which was accompanied with significant increases in plasma concentrations of angiogenic factors (e.g. angiogenin, VEGF) and inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1β, MCP-1). Morphometric analysis showed that curcumin at 2% and 4% dietary levels significantly reduced bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV), connective density (Conn.D.) and trabecular number (Tb.N.) and significantly increased structure model index (SMI, an indicator of the plate- and rod-like geometry of trabecular structure) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp.) in vertebral bodies, and at the 4% level curcumin significantly reduced BV/TV and Tb.N. and at either level it significantly reduced trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) in distal femurs compared with the controls. In the mid-shaft of femur, curcumin at the 4% level significantly reduced cortical bone area to total area ratio (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar.) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th.) compared with the controls. Furthermore, curcumin feeding resulted in dose-dependent decreases in plasma concentrations of osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and increases plasma tartrate-resistant acid phosphate 5b (a marker of bone resorption) compared with the controls, indicating that curcumin may deteriorate trabecular and cortical bone by disrupting the balance of bone remodeling. As skeleton is a favored site of metastasis for many cancers, our results that curcumin (1) enhances metastatic growth and (2) results in osteolytic deterioration of bone suggest the need of assessment of bone structural changes for curcumin cancer prevention studies, particularly for human trials with cancer patients who are the risk of malignant spread, to determine the curcumin effects and its interaction with malignancy on skeleton health. Citation Format: Lin Yan. Curcumin deteriorates trabecular and cortical bone in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B77.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Women With Breast Cancer: Who and What?
Authors: Hyman B. Muss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8586 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 27, 2014 PMID: 24868030 Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Women With Breast Cancer: Who and What? Hyman B. MussxHyman B. MussSearch for articles by this author Show More University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8586 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Malignant Lymphoma Occuring in Patient and Pet
Authors: Lewis M. Drusin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

LYMPHOMAS are a group of diseases affecting both man and animals. In man, the incidence of malignant lymphoproliferative syndrome per 100,-000 population has been reported to be 16.9, 20.2 and 17.8 in three separate studies.<sup>1-3</sup>Comparable data on the incidence in dogs is not available, but surveys of canine clinic and hospital populations indicate an incidence of 100 to 360 cases per 100,-000 admissions.<sup>4-6</sup> Our purpose in reporting this case of malignant lymphoma occurring in both man and pet, is to stimulate investigators to gather data which would elucidate a relationship between lymphoma in man and animals if, in fact, such a relationship exists. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old boy (MH 26-18-93), during the summer of 1963, noted cramps in the right leg with running or similar physical activity. About the same time, he became aware of a mass in the right groin which slowly became larger
Losartan reduces the burden and cost of ESRD: Public health implications from the RENAAL study for the European Union
Authors: William C. Gerth, Giuseppi Remuzzi, Giancarlo Viberti, Thierry Hannedouche, Alberto Martinez-Castelao, Shahnaz Shahinfar, George W. Carides, Barry Brenner
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Global Prevalence of Diabetes
Authors: Sarah Wild, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green, Richard Sicree, Hilary King
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people of all ages with diabetes for years 2000 and 2030. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data on diabetes prevalence by age and sex from a limited number of countries were extrapolated to all 191 World Health Organization member states and applied to United Nations’ population estimates for 2000 and 2030. Urban and rural populations were considered separately for developing countries. RESULTS—The prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. The total number of people with diabetes is projected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in men than women, but there are more women with diabetes than men. The urban population in developing countries is projected to double between 2000 and 2030. The most important demographic change to diabetes prevalence across the world appears to be the increase in the proportion of people &amp;gt;65 years of age. CONCLUSIONS—These findings indicate that the “diabetes epidemic” will continue even if levels of obesity remain constant. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, it is likely that these figures provide an underestimate of future diabetes prevalence.
Follow-up of Patients With Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Roldano Fossati
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —The letters by Dr Cocconi, Mr Klaff, and Dr Yun Ryo allow us to clarify some relevant issues and implications of our trial. Concern is expressed on the applicability of our results to the care of individual patients. We believe that the results of clinical trials should be the best guide to physician's behavior, and that no artificial conflict between them and clinical judgment should be promoted. However, there must be a hierarchy. If clinical judgment prevails over results of scientific research, the science of clinical medicine will suffer.  Cocconi is concerned about the universality of our clinical conclusions. He fails to understand that the key reason prompting the trial was the need to put to scientific scrutiny the widespread belief that routine use of instrumental and laboratory tests (in otherwise asymptomatic patients) improves patients' outcomes. Unless one challenges the validity of our conclusions, it is unfair to
HYPERINSULINISM AND DYSINSULINISM
Authors: SEALE HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Diabetes, of which hyperglycemia is a manifestation, is essentially a condition due to a deficient secretion of insulin by the islands of Langerhans; and, according to modern medical nomenclature, should be called hypo-insulinism. Diabetes, or hypo-insulinism, therefore, bears the same relation to the internal secretion of the pancreas that myxedema, or cretinism (hypothyroidism) has to that of the thyroid gland.  We know that hypothyroidism is not the only dysfunction of the thyroid gland and that there is a hypersecretion of that important organ, hyperthyroidism, in which there are certain characteristic symptoms; i. e., the syndrome called hyperthyroidism. It has been observed that hyperthyroidism sometimes precedes hypothyroidism. 1 It seems probable that there are other dysfunctions of the islands of Langerhans, besides hypo-insulinism, and that an excessive formation of insulin may occur. Hyperinsulinism should produce definite results, i. e., a reduction in blood sugar, which, when below a certain limit, about
Ultrastructural localisation of muramidase in the human synovial membrane.
Authors: P I Mapp, P A Revell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The synovial intimal cell layer comprises two morphological types of cell, A and B, with an intermediate type also postulated. Type A cells show features in common with other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, while type B cells appear similar to fibroblasts and are assumed to have synthetic activity. Muramidase is a marker of mononuclear phagocytic cells, and we have investigated the synovial membrane for the presence of this enzyme in cells by an immunogold labelling technique. Muramidase was localised within intracytoplasmic vacuoles in subintimal macrophages and type A synoviocytes. This finding provides further evidence that type A cells are closely related to macrophages.
Firearm Training and Storage-Reply
Authors: David Hemenway
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 800 US gun owners. We found that 21% kept a gun both loaded and unlocked in the home. Individuals who had received formal firearms training were significantly more likely to store a gun in this potentially unsafe manner.  Practically everything Dr Suter asserts in his letter is wrong. Contrary to his claim, we clearly differentiated adult-only homes and we explored the relationship between gun storage and the perceived risk of attack. We reported that guns were stored loaded and unlocked in 14% of gun-owning homes with children present, compared with 26% of gun-owning homes without children. Keeping a gun loaded and unlocked was significantly more likely when protection was one of the reasons for gun ownership. Still, a gun was kept loaded and unlocked in 13% of homes where protection was not one of the reasons for ownership. And in a
Pathogenesis of the Dawn Phenomenon in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Peter J. Campbell, Geremia B. Bolli, Philip E. Cryer, John E. Gerich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The early-morning increase in insulin requirements of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been referred to as the "dawn phenomenon." To determine the roles of growth hormone levels and sympathoadrenal activity in this phenomenon, we studied six subjects with IDDM on four occasions during a constant overnight infusion of insulin. In control experiments (infusion of insulin alone), plasma glucose increased from 98 +/- 5 mg per deciliter at midnight to 225 +/- 36 at 8:00 a.m. (P less than 0.001), glucose production increased by 65 per cent (P less than 0.001), and glucose clearance decreased by 50 per cent (P less than 0.001). When nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion were prevented by infusion of somatostatin plus replacement glucagon, neither plasma glucose levels nor glucose production increased significantly, and glucose clearance did not decrease. When nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion were simulated by hourly intravenous injections of growth hormone (15 to 100 micrograms) during infusion of somatostatin and glucagon, plasma glucose levels and glucose production increased and glucose clearance decreased to values observed in control experiments. During combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine and propranolol), values for plasma glucose, glucose production, and glucose utilization were not significantly different from those in control experiments. Increases in plasma glucose were significantly correlated with peak plasma growth hormone concentrations (r = 0.58, P less than 0.01). We conclude that nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion are primarily responsible for the dawn phenomenon in patients with IDDM.
Radionuclide Angiography in Two Cases of Hepatic Actinomycosis
Authors: KYOICHI UENO, HIROKO KABUTO, YUICHI HASEDA, TETSUJI YAMADA, MASAAKI NAKAGAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Primary hepatic actinomycosis is rare, and there have been few reports concerning its nuclear imaging findings. Two cases of actinomycosis, in which hypervascular hepatic masses were observed in the arterial phase of radionuclide angiography are reported. To the authors' knowledge, this finding has not been reported in the literature. In one of the two cases, intense Ga-67 uptake also was noted. Although the preoperative diagnosis based on the findings of nuclear imaging (liver scan, liver flow study, Ga-67 scan), ultrasound, CT, and angiography was hepatoma, hepatic masses in our cases proved to be hepatic actinomycosis. Because hepatic actinomycosis is rare, this disease is neglected often in the differential diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. It should be included in the gamut of hypervascular hepatic mass lesions.
Regular sunscreen use reduces invasive but not overall melanoma in white adults
Authors: Mark Lebwohl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club17 May 2011Regular sunscreen use reduces invasive but not overall melanoma in white adultsMark Lebwohl, MDMark Lebwohl, MDThe Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (M.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGreen AC, Williams GM, Logan V, Strutton GM. Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomized trial follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:257-63. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21135266Clinical Impact RatingsOncology: Dermatology: Reference1 Rigel DS. Epidemiology of melanoma. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2010;29:204-9. [PMID: 21277533] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York USA (M.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 May 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 May 2011Volume 154, Issue 10Page: JC5-12KeywordsCancer treatmentDermatologyEpidemiologyMelanomaVitamin D ePublished: 17 May 2011 Issue Published: 17 May 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sociosexual strategies in tribes and nations
Authors: Stephen Beckerman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Extending the findings of this work: Tribal peoples need study. Monogamy as marital institution and monogamy as sociosexual orientation must be separated. Sociosexuality must be considered as an aspect of somatic as well as reproductive effort; third-party interventions in sociosexuality need attention; and multiple sociosexual orientations, with frequency-dependent fitness payoffs equal at equilibrium, need to be modeled.
Conserved Herpesviral Kinase Promotes Viral Persistence by Inhibiting the IRF-3-Mediated Type I Interferon Response
Authors: Seungmin Hwang, Kyeong Seon Kim, Emilio Flano, Ting-Ting Wu, Leming M. Tong, Ann N. Park, Moon Jung Song, David Jesse Sanchez, Ryan M. O'Connell, Genhong Cheng, Ren Sun
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
The CF gene: 10 years on
Authors: D M GEDDES, E W F W ALTON
Journal: Thorax (1999)

These days everyone is looking for genes. Grant money, media interviews, self-esteem, Nobel prizes, and lots of interesting biology lure researchers into molecular genetics, and diseases as diverse as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer will soon be mastered by brave new understanding. All true, but will it make any difference? Cystic fibrosis got there first, and 10 years after the discovery of the CF gene it is a good time to take stock. Compared with polygenic diseases, cystic fibrosis is easy and therefore paints the rosiest picture of what can be achieved by genetic research. If the CF gene has helped patients, then the discovery of genes associated with other diseases may do the same. The steps involved in the genetic revolution were well illustrated in a recent review article1 as shown in fig 1.



Figure 1 
Medical consequences of the human genome project. Reproduced with permission from Collins.1 



By sequencing the CF gene, the protein was deduced and found to resemble a family of ATP binding membrane proteins with both ion channel and macromolecule transporter properties. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) is a chloride channel which opens in response to phosphorylation by ATP and is found in sweat and pancreatic ducts, gut, seminiferous tubules, and conducting airways—all sites of cystic fibrosis disease.2Interestingly, CFTR is also expressed in the heart, choroid plexus, and renal tubules, organs with normal function in cystic fibrosis. Other properties of cystic fibrosis have been proposed such as the regulation of apical membrane sodium transport in the airways and acidification of intracellular organelles. No transporter function of CFTR has yet been found.

Over 800 disease associated mutations of the CF gene have been described; these differ with ethnic origin but only a handful are common. These mutations have …
Feedback in Clinical Medical Education
Authors: Jack Ende
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In the setting of clinical medical education, feedback refers to information describing students' or house officers' performance in a given activity that is intended to guide their future performance in that same or in a related activity. It is a key step in the acquisition of clinical skills, yet feedback is often omitted or handled improperly in clinical training. This can result in important untoward consequences, some of which may extend beyond the training period. Once the nature of the feedback process is appreciated, however, especially the distinction between feedback and evaluation and the importance of focusing on the trainees' observable behaviors rather than on the trainees themselves, the educational benefit of feedback can be realized. This article presents guidelines for offering feedback that have been set forth in the literature of business administration, psychology, and education, adapted here for use by teachers and students of clinical medicine.
585. Improved Efficacy of DNA Vaccines for HIV and Smallpox Using Constant-Current Electroporation
Authors: Lauren Hirao, Amir S. Khan, Ruxandra Draghia-Akli, David B. Weiner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Although DNA vaccines have proven to be highly immunogenic in small animal models, the same level of immunogenicity has yet to be seen in non-human primate models and more importantly in human clinical trials. Antibody responses induced by DNA immunization have been particularly weaker than expected based on the results from the mouse system. There are a number of approaches being pursued to address these problems, including the delivery of plasmids with electroporation. Numerous studies have outlined the effectiveness of electroporation for enhancing the uptake, and consequently, the expression of plasmids encoding antigens and therapeutic proteins. However, electroporation using constant-voltage does not measure tissue resistance and can cause damage in the surrounding tissue, resulting in tissue damage, inflammation and loss of plasmid expression. Improving the electroporation parameters is an important goal for improving the performance of DNA vaccine technology. We performed a pilot study in mice to compare the antibody responses to plasmid encoding smallpox antigens following intramuscular (IM) injection of 100 μg of plasmid alone versus IM injection followed by constant-current electroporation. Plasmid delivery with constant-current electroporation resulted in two- to five-fold stronger antibody responses as compared to IM injection alone and at DNA concentrations that were 20x less than the dose given by IM injection alone. Based on these results, we began a non-human primate study in which we examined the immunogenicity of HIV gag and env DNA cassettes using constant-current electroporation (n=3/group) compared to IM injection alone (n=2/group). Non-human primates were electroporated using the ADViSYS constant-current EKD system, at 0.6 Amps, 3 pulses, 52 msec/pulse, 1 sec between pulses. After only a single immunization, all three monkeys that had received the HIV antigens with constant-current electroporation had positive HIV gag and env ELISpot results. Only one of the two monkeys that had received the plasmids by IM injection alone made a positive response to HIV env. The average HIV gag ELISpot count for the electroporated group was 200 spots per million PBMCs. This is significant considering that the average ELISpot response for HIV gag is 300 spots per million PBMCs following 3 IM injections. The average HIV env ELISpot count was approximately 200 spots per million PBMCs. Cellular and humoral assays were also conducted. These results support that plasmid delivery with constant-current electroporation appears to increase the immune potency of DNA vaccines in non-human primates. These studies have important implications for human DNA vaccine development for both HIV vaccines as well as other vaccine platforms, including smallpox vaccines.
A human combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KMCH-2) that shows the features of hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma under different growth conditions
Authors: Hirohisa Yano, Akihiro Iemura, Makoto Haramaki, Seiya Momosaki, Ogasawara Sachiko, Higaki Koichi, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Aortic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Anthony L. Moulton
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the CASE REPORT by Younkin and colleagues of persistent bacteremia related to a residual ventricular septal defect 15 years after correction of tetralogy of Fallot (1982;248:2310). In their discussion, they noted that only ten cases of patients with endocarditis after synthetic-patch ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair had previously been reported. In that context, the case of a young man in whom aortic valve endocarditis associated with a residual VSD developed 17 years after his original surgery and who required valve replacement might be of interest. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> Our patient underwent closure of a membranous VSD in 1963. The following year, he underwent cardiac catheterization because of a persistent murmur. A small residual VSD was documented but was felt to be hemodynamically insignificant. Repeated cardiac catheterization five years later showed similar results. Further surgery was not believed to be indicated. At 24 years of
Government is in talks with GSK to offload surplus swine flu vaccine
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Department of Health in England is negotiating with GlaxoSmithKline over what can be done with millions of doses of swine flu vaccine it has ordered under contract from the company but that are now unlikely to be needed.

GSK has so far delivered 24 million doses of H1N1 vaccine, of which 15.5 million have been sent out to health services. Baxter, the other contracted manufacturer, has delivered five million doses, of which 0.6 million have been despatched.

But the government signed up to around 90 million doses in May 2009, with buying power for up to 132 million if a pandemic were declared.

Plans to extend vaccination beyond the designated priority groups have been shelved as swine flu activity continues to …
GW25-e2306 A comparison of transradial and transfemoral approaches for angiography and intervention in patients with post-coronary artery bypass surgery: in-hospital outcomes and 1 year clinical follow-up
Authors: He Peiyuan, Qiao Shubin, Xu Bo, Yao Min, Wu Yongjian, Yuan Jinqing, Chen Jue, Liu Haibo, Dai Jun, Tang Xinran, Wang Yang, Li Wei, Gao Runlin, Yang Yuejin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)