tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alclofenac and D-penicillamine. Comparative trial in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H Berry, L Fernandes, A W Ford-Hutchinson, S J Evans, E B Hamilton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Forty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 22 receiving D-penicillamine and 2j alclofenac, took part in a 6-month single-bind external observer trial to compare the efficacy and toxicity of these drugs in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis. Both drugs were active and similar in their efficacy at 6 months as judged by clinical and laboratory measurements. Penicillamine was active therapeutically by 3 months, one month before alclofenac. 9 patients, 8 on alclofenac and one on D-penicillamine, had to stop treatment because of lack of effect or toxic effects. Skin rashes within the first week of treatment were a major problem with alclofenac and led to 6 withdrawals.
Gastric Cancer Presenting with Extremely Rapid Growth: Unprecedented Morphologic Change in a Short Time and Endoscopic Estimation of its Doubling Time
Authors: T. Nakajima, H. Konishi, Y. Tatsumi, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Yamane, S. Misawa, S. Toyama, T. Ochiai, K. Kashima, E. Konishi, Y. Tsuchihashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

We encountered a case of gastric cancer that was initially detected as a deep hemorrhagic ulcer without surrounding irregular elevation, followed by rapid protrusion in less than 1 month. Using endoscopic images in the follow-up study, we estimated the doubling time (DT) of this unusual tumor as 9.2 days. Since the doubling time of gastric cancer is generally fairly long due to exfoliation of many cancer cells into the gastric lumen, this cancer presented with extremely rapid growth. Besides, this case reinforces that follow-up study is important in terms of clinical management of ulcerative lesions.
Capillary Resistance and Adrenocortical Activity
Authors: H. N. Robson, J. J. R. Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1950)

CORONARY THROMBOSIS mnB 971 ConclusionsAnticoagulant therapy, suitably controlled by specialized techniques, reduces by one-half the mortality rate during the first six weeks after myocardial infarction.Our ,experience is that it appears to benefit males to a greater extent than females, particularly men whose myocardial efficiency was only slightly impaired before the acute damage was sustained.Thrombo-embolic complications are reduced by half, and, when they do occur, fatalities are lessened.Anticoagulant therapy cannot succeed in the absence of strict attention to the established methods of treatment.It does not shorten the stay in bed.It should be considered for every sufferer from myo- cardial infarction.This implies an extension of labora- tory facilities for the regulation of treatment and a greater number of hospital beds set aside for this purpose.A scheme for domiciliary laboratory control is desirable if the practitioner is to continue to care for these patients.For the purposes of this investigation Professor Stanley Davidson, Dr. W. D. D. Small, and Dr. W. A. Alexander have kindly given us access to patients suffering from coronary thrombosis under their immediate charge in the Royal Infirmary.We
Oncologist is found guilty of misconduct after 27 year old patient dies in trial
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A consultant described as “the father of urological oncology” in the UK has been found guilty of misconduct over his role as principal investigator in a clinical trial at University College London Hospital, in which a 27 year old patient died.

But Stephen Harland, the hospital, and research bodies had all learnt lessons that would make trials for cancer patients safer, and the consultant’s fitness to practise was not impaired, the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) panel held.

Gary Foster, a graphic designer who had been told he had a 60% chance of survival, was taking part in a multicentre trial called TE23 funded by the Medical Research …
Privet pollen (<i>Ligustrum</i> sp.) as potential cause of pollinosis in the city of Cordoba, south‐west Spain
Authors: P. Cariñanos, P. Alcázar, C. Galán, E. Domínguez
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Privet pollen rarely accounts for more than 1% of the annual total of daily pollen concentrations measured in a city; however in areas where these trees are widely used as ornamentals the amounts collected may be high enough to cause allergy symptoms.Air samples taken with volumetric particle samplers Lanzoni VPPS 1000 (Lanzoni s.r.l., Bologna, Italy) show that there are differences in privet pollen concentrations measured in neighbourhoods with a high incidence of privet trees and in those taken at some distance from the source of emission.The results suggest that differences are due to the short dispersal range of the pollen grains once released from the plant, resulting from both the entomophilous nature of the plant and the large size of the pollen grains. Urban design, moreover, may play an important role in impeding pollen grain dispersion if the air cannot flow freely through long, narrow avenues. Another important consideration is that the last stages of the flowering period of privet overlaps with the flowering period of olive trees, the main allergen in the area. The fact that the two pollen types share common allergens means that there may be a cross-reaction between olive tree pollen and privet pollen.Privet pollen should be considered as a potential causative agent of local allergy problems in areas where its presence is extensive and is in combination with other allergens.
A NEW OPERATING TABLE.
Authors: J. F. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Some years ago, not being satisfied with any of the operating tables in the market, I had one made of my own devising, which has worked so satisfactorily and been so highly spoken of by my gynecologic friends who have seen it in use, that I have concluded to bring it to the attention of the profession. The ordinary operating table, if arranged to obtain the Trendelenburg position, is usually quite complicated. The more or less complicated machinery necessary to change the position of the patient requires for its manipulation the attention of the operator himself or of an assistant, and not infrequently there is an uncomfortable hitch in its working. A more serious objection, however, is that if the patient is at a comfortable height for the operator when in the horizontal position, the field of operation is carried completely out of reach when the patient is changed to
Transposition of the great arteries: logical anatomical arterial correction.
Authors: D Ross, A Rickards, J Somerville
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a 20-month-old child with classic transposition of the great arteries the pulmonary artery, coronary arteries, and aorta were successfully retransposed at arterial level. It was difficult to reimplant the coronary arteries in the dilated pulmonary artery root without damaging the attachments of the valve cusps, and it may be better to divide the pulmonary artery first to avoid this hazard. Retransposition at arterial level will not be suitable for all patients with transposition of the great arteries, and many questions about long-term outcome remain to be answered.
Germany may tighten its laws on sports medicine after doping incidents
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
Measles Elimination In the Americas
Authors: D. James Nokes
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We welcome the vision of Dr de Quadros and colleagues<sup>1</sup>in proposing a coordinated strategy for the elimination of measles from the Americas and would endorse their basic approach. However, while the combination of experience, common sense, and guesswork used to develop the strategy has so far proved successful, we would argue that the design is not optimal and that it would benefit from judicious use of the well-established theory of infectious disease transmission.<sup>2,3</sup>This is particularly necessary if the strategy is to be adopted in other regions. Specifically, the criterion used to determine the time interval between follow-up campaigns should be revised. Their calculation is based on the assertion that when the number of susceptible children is equal to the number of children in 1 birth cohort it is "almost certainly" enough to permit an outbreak to occur. No evidence is provided to support
Application of Color Doppler Flow Mapping to Calculate Orifice Area of St Jude Mitral Valve
Authors: Dominic Y. Leung, James Wong, Leonardo Rodriguez, Min Pu, Pieter M. Vandervoort, James D. Thomas
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The effective orifice area (EOA) of a prosthetic valve is superior to transvalvular gradients as a measure of valve function, but measurement of mitral prosthesis EOA has not been reliable. Methods and Results —In vitro flow across St Jude valves was calculated by hemispheric proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and segment-of-spheroid (SOS) methods. For steady and pulsatile conditions, PISA and SOS flows correlated with true flow, but SOS and not PISA underestimated flow. These principles were then used intraoperatively to calculate cardiac output and EOA of newly implanted St Jude mitral valves in 36 patients. Cardiac output by PISA agreed closely with thermodilution ( r =0.91, Δ=−0.05±0.55 L/min), but SOS underestimated it ( r =0.82, Δ=−1.33±0.73 L/min). Doppler EOAs correlated with Gorlin equation estimates ( r =0.75 for PISA and r =0.68 for SOS, P &lt;0.001) but were smaller than corresponding in vitro EOA estimates. Conclusions —Proximal flow convergence methods can calculate forward flow and estimate EOA of St Jude mitral valves, which may improve noninvasive assessment of prosthetic mitral valve obstruction.
Impact of pregnancy on health related quality of life evaluated prospectively in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases by the SF-36 health survey
Authors: F Forger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Objective:</b> To gain insight into patient experience of the disease course and health related quality of life during and after pregnancy in women with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. <b>Methods:</b> 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 10 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and 29 age matched healthy pregnant controls were evaluated by the medical outcomes study short form 36 (SF-36) health survey once at each trimester and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postpartum. A group of non-pregnant age matched female patients (40 rheumatoid arthritis, 16 ankylosing spondylitis) was studied for comparison. <b>Results:</b> Impaired physical dimensions as well as increased bodily pain was observed in healthy women in late pregnancy. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed improved physical functioning scores in the second trimester and reduced pain in the third trimester. Among pregnant patients, those with ankylosing spondylitis suffered the greatest impairment of health related quality of life during pregnancy. In all patient groups the physical impairment in the third trimester was less pronounced than in healthy controls. Mental health scores remained stable even with persisting active disease during pregnancy, or with a postpartum flare. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pregnancy reduced physical functioning in healthy women and patients, but had no impact on mental and emotional health, even at times of disease aggravation. The pregnancy experience documented in our patients may be helpful when counselling patients contemplating pregnancy.
Public Mistrust: The Unrecognized Risk of the CDC Smallpox Vaccination Program
Authors: Pamela Sankar, Cynthia Schairer, Susan Coffin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

Phase 1 of the CDC's Smallpox Vaccination Program has foundered because of a lack of volunteers. However, despite the enrollment of fewer than 10% of the projected number of hospital employees in Phase 1, and recent recommendations of two advisory groups, CDC and DHHS officials recently announced plans to expand this vaccination program. During Phase 2 of the Smallpox Vaccination Program, an additional 10 million health care and emergency workers are scheduled to receive vaccination. This paper reviews reasons why state health departments and hospitals rejected participation in Phase 1. It urges the federal government to take account of these problems before proceeding to Phase 2 and argues that the flaws in this program not only threaten bioterrorism preparedness efforts but, more importantly, might endanger trust in public health initiatives.
Preterm birth and the role of neuroprotection
Authors: E. Chang
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Preterm birth remains a common complication of pregnancy and causes substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. As improvements in the care of preterm neonates have outpaced efforts to prevent preterm birth, the numbers of survivors with neurologic sequelae that affect quality of life have increased. The main strategies to reduce the impact of neurologic complications of prematurity include prevention of preterm birth and protection of the developing fetal brain through antenatal administration of drugs. These strategies rely on a basic understanding of the intertwined pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm labor and perinatal brain injury, which will be reviewed here. The review will outline current methods for the prevention of prematurity and neuroprotection. The use of magnesium sulfate as a neuroprotective compound will be discussed, including concerns over its association with increased pediatric mortality and abnormalities in bone density.
Lung Abscess in Relation to Epidemic Influenza
Authors: E. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1944)

In the fourth week of Nov., 1943, the influenza wave impacted upon St. Andrew's Hospital.Some forty days later influenza admissions dropped abruptly.During this period S cases of lung abscess (3 fatal) were seen among 17 patients aged 12 to 60 with influenzal pneumonia.They are described below.Of the 12 other patients, 2 died, and one of the latter cases (on which a necropsy was done) is also described.Results of sputum cultures and white cell counts are given in the Table.Summary of 6 Cases of Influenzal Pneumonia, 5 with Lung Abscess Outcome Bacteria in Sputum Site of Abscess
Medical ethics, the Israeli Medical Association, and the state of the World Medical Association: Summerfield misrepresented Blachar in his open letter
Authors: A. H Frankel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–Summerfield's open letter to the BMA about the appointment of Yoram Blachar as president of the World Medical Association raises a number of concerns.1

Much of the content of Summerfield's letter falls outside the remit of the British medical establishment and the BMJ in particular. I am sure that Summerfield would agree that if …
Why universal BCG in UK was deemed not necessary
Authors: P. D O Davies
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mayfield’s plea for the return of universal BCG to the UK deserves a serious response.1

The problem with the government’s decision to discontinue routine BCG in UK teenagers was its timing. It was announced on 6 July 2005, the day before 7/7. The reasons for the policy change were therefore not properly made …
Nerve Sparing Endoscopic Extraperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy– Effect of Puboprostatic Ligament Preservation on Early Continence and Positive Margins
Authors: Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Evangelos N. Liatsikos, Robert Rabenalt, Minh Do, George Sakelaropoulos, Lars Christian Horn, Michael C. Truss
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Clindamycin-Associated Colitis
Authors: FRANCIS J. TEDESCO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A prospective study of 200 consecutive patients receiving clindamycin (Cleocin HCl®*) for various reasons showed a 21% incidence of diarrhea and a 10% incidence of pseudomembranous colitis. The total dosage of clindamycin before the onset of diarrhea and the clinical syndrome associated with the diarrhea were of little help in differentiating those patients with or without pseudomembranous colitis. Pseudomembranous colitis developed most frequently after orally administered clindamycin, but was also seen with clindamycin parenterally administered. Early proctoscopic examination is necessary to diagnose colitis and is the most accurate means of detecting pseudomembranes; rectal biopsy results can confirm the diagnosis and delineate the degree of inflammation present. When the diagnosis is made soon after the onset of diarrhea, and the antibiotic is stopped, the pseudomembranous colitis seems to be self-limiting with no mortality.
Abstract 112: An endogenous mTOR inhibitor, PRAS40, is upregulated in lung cancer and contributes to tumor cell invasion and chemoresistance
Authors: Zenggang Li, Yuhong Du, Gabriel Sica, Suresh S Ramalingam, Anthony A Gal, Lin Pan, Mourad Mourad Tighiouart, Fadlo R. Fadlo R. Khuri, Haian Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40-kDa (PRAS40) has recently been identified as a regulatory component of, TORC1 (a complex composed of mTOR, GβL, DEPTOR, RAPTOR and PRAS40)Phosphorylation of Thr246 on PRAS40 by PKB/Akt, and Ser183 and Ser221 by mTOR results in the dissociation of PRAS40 from TORC1, and binding of PRAS40 to 14-3-3 proteins. Negative mTOR regulators usually play anti-tumorigenesis roles (like TSC1-TSC2, LKB1 and PTEN). Unexpectedly, PRAS40 has been shown to acted as a pro-tumorigenic factor in certain types of cancer cells. To better understand the role of PRAS40 in cancer, we have carried out a series of cell culture and patient tumor tissue based studies. Here, we report that PRAS40 was upregulated in most of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines examined when compared to normal lung epithelial cell lines. Further immonuhistochemistry (IHC) studies confirmed the overexpression of PRAS40 in tumor tissues from NSCLC patients. Significantly, nearly 60% of cancer tissues from NSCLC patients exhibited considerably higher levels of PRAS40 protein than those in paired normal lung tissue. Such high levels of PRAS40 expression appear to be required for tumor progression as silencing of PRAS40 by shRNA decreased the cell invasion ability of NSCLC cells. Subsequently, we investigated whether PRAS40 can influence the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to chemotharepitic drugs. Our data demonstrated that downregulation of PRAS40 protein increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to chemotherapeutic agents, such as etopside and perifosine. In summary, our results strongly support a pro-tumorigenic role for PRAS40 and suggest PRAS40 could be a potential NSCLC therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 112. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-112
Bicarbonate transport along the loop of Henle. II. Effects of acid-base, dietary, and neurohumoral determinants.
Authors: G Capasso, R Unwin, F Ciani, N G De Santo, G De Tommaso, F Russo, G Giebisch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The loop of Henle contributes to renal acidification by reabsorbing about 15% of filtered bicarbonate. To study the effects on loop of Henle bicarbonate transport (JHCO3) of acid-base disturbances and of several factors known to modulate sodium transport, these in vivo microperfusion studies were carried out in rats during: (a) acute and chronic metabolic acidosis, (b) acute and chronic (hypokalemic) metabolic alkalosis, (c) a control sodium diet, (d) a high-sodium diet, (e) angiotensin II (AII) intravenous infusion, (f) simultaneously intravenous infusion of both AII and the AT1 receptor antagonist DuP 753, (g) acute ipsilateral mechanicochemical renal denervation. Acute and chronic metabolic acidosis increased JHCO3; acute metabolic alkalosis significantly reduced JHCO3, whereas chronic hypokalemic alkalosis did not alter JHCO3. Bicarbonate transport increased in animals on a high-sodium intake and following AII administration, and the latter was inhibited by the AII (AT1) receptor antagonist DuP 753; acute renal denervation lowered bicarbonate transport. These data indicate that bicarbonate reabsorption along the loop of Henle in vivo is closely linked to systemic acid-base status and to several factors known to modulate sodium transport.
Angiography of a Clinically Nonfunctioning Pheochromocytoma
Authors: H. P. Jander
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Levitt et al (233:268, 1975) presents for the first time angiographic findings in a clinically nonfunctioning pheochromocytoma. The authors' conclusion that asymptomatic vascular adrenal tumors could represent nonfunctioning pheochromocytomas is undisputed. However, the comparison of the vascular pattern in this case with that reported in the literature for functioning pheochromocytomas gives the impression that these two entities can be distinguished angiographically. Careful scrutiny of the literature will disclose that this is not so: Main feeding arteries of functioning pheochromocytomas too, on occasion, pass through the center of the tumor (Fig 5a in Kahn,<sup>1</sup>Fig 3b in Porstmann et al,<sup>2</sup>Fig 7c and d in Rossi et al<sup>3</sup>) and the arterial pattern can be nonreticulated, resulting in an inhomogeneous tumor blush.<sup>2</sup>These features are also documented in a functioning pheochromocytoma we recently observed (Figure). Furthermore, it should be pointed out that it