tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Hypoalbuminemia and Edema Associated With Intestinal Lymphangiectasia
Authors: Edward J. Fadell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PRESENCE of edema with associated hypoproteinemia in a person who has no manifest renal or liver disease should alert one to the possibility that loss of protein into the intestines may be causative. Increased protein loss into the gut has been demonstrated in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Diseases associated with this have been designated protein-losing gastroenteropathies or hypercatabolic protein-losing enteropathies. This category includes celiac disease, sprue, acute gastroenteritis, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's Disease), Menetrier's disease, and intestinal lymphangiectasia. The use of radioisotopes has clarified the site of loss of serum albumin, and the introduction of the biopsy tube for the small intestine has made tissue available for study of the underlying pathological abnormality. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 52-year-old white woman was first admitted to Methodist Evangelical Hospital on Dec 8, 1962. Her illness dates back approximately
Expression of high amounts of the CD117 molecule in a case of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma carrying the t(14:18) translocation
Authors: Pilar Bravo, Beatriz D�az Agust�n, Carmen Bellas, David Gonz�lez, Carmen C�mara, Isabel Fern�ndez Fuertes, Julia Almeida, Ram�n Garc�a Sanz, Alberto Orfao, Luis Escribano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The c-kit proto-oncogen (CD117) has been described to be present in normal and neoplastic hemopoietic cells including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Among the normal lymphoid cells CD117 expression would be restricted to a small subset of NK-cells, and to early T-cell precursors and it is not expressed by normal B-cells. Regarding chronic lymphoproliferative disorders the only data provided up to now suggests that CD117 expression is restricted to cases of Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. In the present paper we describe a case of a B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder carrying the t(14:18) translocation as demonstrated by molecular studies, in which the flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of both peripheral blood and bone marrow samples revealed the expression of high amounts of the CD117 antigen in the surface of the clonal B-cell population. Further studies are necessary to explore both the functional role of c-kit expression in the neoplastic B-cells from this patient and its potential utility for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
11C-L-methionine for evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function.
Authors: A Syrota, M Dop-Ngassa, M Cerf, A Paraf
Journal: Gut (1981)

Pancreatic uptake of a natural amino acid, L-methionine, was measured in 58 patients using a scintillation camera. This was possible by labelling L-methionine with 11C, a short-lived isotope produced in a cyclotron. Time-activity-curves obtained in areas of interest selected over the pancreas in 25 normal subjects and in 14 alcoholic patients showed a plateau or a slight increase of activity with time. In contrast, in 19 patients with chronic pancreatitis an initial increase in radioactivity was followed by a decrease for 10 to 20 minutes and then by a plateau. The ratio of the height of the plateau at the 50th minute to the height of the peak was 0.74 +/- 0.21 in these patients, whereas it was 0.96 +/- 0.09 in the other subjects (P less than 0.001). This result was compared with direct measurements of 11C radioactivity and of amylase and bicarbonate in duodenal aspirate. The median amount of 11C incorporated into protein at the 70th minute was 53% of total activity in the control group, 28% in alcoholic patients, and only 3% in chronic pancreatitis, the differences between these values were highly significant. The absence of a peak of radioactivity in the duodenal juice, and the existence of a correlation between total 11C output and amylase output suggested that there was no release of protein in the duodenum in chronic pancreatitis. These results also suggested that the peak observed by external detection could be due to amino acid back-diffusion from the pancreas into the blood. External detection with 11C-L-methionine could be used for the assessment of pancreatic dysfunction in man.
Behavior Disorders and the Ritalin Controversy
Authors: Hans R. Huessy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to respond to your MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES story on methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) in the May 6 issue.<sup>1</sup>For years, American child psychiatry has emphasized the environmental causation of behavior disorders. This in turn has led to much wasted research effort and the sad state of pharmacotherapy for behavior disorders. Methylphenidate is a short-acting drug. Since improved self-control is the goal, we need drugs that can produce an even result over 24 hours. Many clinicians have been using small doses of imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline hydrochloride, and trazodone with great success. The different antidepressants are not interchangeable and one cannot predict which patient will respond to which drug. Ninety percent of patients will respond to twice-a-day dosage, without side effects, at doses well below those that might produce unwanted cardiac effects. Methylphenidate should be a drug of last resort.<sup>2-7</sup> We published our first
Behavioural and Drug Treatments of Phobic and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Authors: Isaac Marks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1986)

The two most-used treatments for phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders are exposure and drugs. In exposure therapy, the patient is persuaded to re-enter the phobia- or ritual-evoking situation and to stay there despite the ensuing panic until it starts to subside, which may take 1 h or more. The patient does this repeatedly and systematically, noting outcome in an exposure-homework diary which the clinician reviews. Controlled studies show that such self-exposure treatment (requiring little time from the clinician) has lasting value. Only a minority of cases need additional therapist-aided exposure. Antidepressants are useful adjuvants to exposure in dysphoric phobics and ritualisers. No antidepressant is clearly superior to any other. Relapse on stopping medication is a problem. Neither beta-blockers nor benzodiazepines are yet of proven lasting value for these syndromes. It is too easy to forget that drugs have unpleasant side-effects which are not seen with exposure therapy.
Surgical Treatment of Digestive Diseases
Authors: R. D. Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This text was "designed to be an authoritative source of current knowledge and techniques applicable to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of those diseases of the digestive system amenable to surgical therapy." It amply fulfills this aim. The reader will enjoy the format: invited commentaries introduce the six main divisions of the digestive system, from the esophagus to the anorectum. The esophagus is an exceptionally efficient organ. For example, a person hanging upside down can eat a cracker. The propulsive action of the normal esophagus, abetted by its mucus, will deliver the cracker into the stomach despite gravity. But things can go wrong with this remarkable mechanism. In fact, esophageal reflux accounts for 75% of all esophageal pathology. The authors bring us up-to-date on the surgical principles for reconstructing the antireflux mechanisms. These include restoration of overall manometric length of distal esophageal sphincter to 3 cm and its pressure to
Effect of fibrinogenolytic products D and E on fibrinogen and albumin synthesis in the rat.
Authors: J J Franks, R E Kirsch, L O Frith, L R Purves, W T Franks, J A Franks, P Mason, S J Saunders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Previous studies are in conflict over the effect of infusing mixed fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products on fibrinogen synthesis, as determined by changes in fibrinogen concentration or by incorporation of labeled amino acids into fibrinogen. We have injected purified homologous fragments D1 and E into rats and measured their fibrinogen and albumin synthetic rates by the [14C]carbonate technique, a method that provides quantitative estimates of hepatic secretory protein synthesis. Fibrinogen fractional synthetic rates were increased 2.5 times in animals injected with fragment D1, compared with saline-injected controls. No increase were observed in fragment E-injected animals. Neither fragment produced changes in albumin synthesis. Fragment D increased plasma fibrinogen concentration, but did not raise plasma haptoglobin levels. These results suggest that fragment D is a regulator of fibrinogen synthesis.
Life expectancy gender gap will close in England and Wales, study predicts
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Life expectancy will reach 85.7 years in men and 87.6 years in women in England and Wales by 2030, narrowing the gap in life expectancy between the sexes from six years in 1981 to only 1.9 years, a study published in the Lancet has predicted.

Researchers analysed current mortality patterns by studying trends from 1981 to 2012 to forecast life expectancy among 375 of the 376 local authority districts in England and Wales through to 2030.1 …
Effects of rehabilitation on chest wall volume regulation during exercise in COPD patients
Authors: O. Georgiadou, I. Vogiatzis, G. Stratakos, A. Koutsoukou, S. Golemati, A. Aliverti, C. Roussos, S. Zakynthinos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

In order to investigate underlying mechanisms, the present authors studied the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on the regulation of total chest wall and compartmental (ribcage, abdominal) volumes during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In total, 20 patients (forced expiratory volume in one second, mean +/- SEM 39 +/- 3% predicted) undertook high-intensity exercise 3 days x week(-1) for 12 weeks. Before and after rehabilitation, the changes in chest wall (cw) volumes at the end of expiration (EEV) and inspiration (EIV) were computed by optoelectronic plethysmography during incremental exercise to the limit of tolerance (W(peak)). Rehabilitation significantly improved W(peak) (57+/-7 versus 47+/-5 W). In the post-rehabilitation period and at identical work rates, significant reductions were observed in minute ventilation (35.1+/-2.7 versus 38.4+/-2.7 L x min(-1)), breathing frequency (26+/-1 versus 29+/-1 breaths x min(-1)) and EEV(cw) and EIV(cw) (by 182+/-79 and 136+/-37 mL, respectively). Inspiratory reserve volume was significantly increased (by 148+/-70 mL). Volume reductions were attributed to significant changes in abdominal EEV and EIV (by 163+/-59 and 125+/-27 mL, respectively). The improvement in W(peak) was similar in patients who progressively hyperinflated during exercise and those who did not (24 and 26%, respectively). In conclusion, pulmonary rehabilitation lowers chest wall volumes during exercise by decreasing the abdominal volumes. The improvement in exercise capacity following rehabilitation is independent of the pattern of exercise-induced dynamic hyperinflation.
Recombination rate and reproductive success in humans
Authors: Augustine Kong, John Barnard, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Gudrun Jonsdottir, Sigrun Sigurdardottir, Bjorgvin Richardsson, Jonina Jonsdottir, Thorgeir Thorgeirsson, Michael L Frigge, Neil E Lamb, Stephanie Sherman, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Ecologic Relation between<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and Pseudomonas in a Nursery Population
Authors: Irwin J. Light, James M. Sutherland, M. Laurine Cochran, Janet Sutorius
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

The effect of certain nursery procedures on the colonization of newborn infants with Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli was examined. During a period of only hexachlorophene handwashing by personnel, 50 per cent of infants were colonized with Staph. aureus at either the nasal or umbilical site. The introduction of hexachlorophene bathing of infants resulted in a decrease in colonization with Staph. aureus to 4 to 6 per cent. The addition of an antibacterial foam to the handwashing procedure resulted in a further small decrease in colonization with Staph. aureus at the nasal site. Concurrent with this decrease was a significant increase in colonization with gram-negative bacilli. A specific inverse relation existed between Staph. aureus and undefined pseudomonas species. This relation can be interpreted as another example of bacterial interference. It is suggested that the spontaneous acquisition of Staph. aureus may prevent the later acquisition of certain gram-negative organisms by newborn infants.
A comparison of human cord blood- and embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells in the treatment of chronic wounds
Authors: Soon-Jung Park, Sung-Hwan Moon, Hye-Jin Lee, Joa-Jin Lim, Jung-Mo Kim, Joseph Seo, Ji-Woon Yoo, Ok-Jung Kim, Sun-Woong Kang, Hyung-Min Chung
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Growth and Development of the Young Child
Authors: Winifred Rand, Mary E. Sweeny, Elizabeth Lee Vincent
Journal: JAMA (1935)

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Octa-guanidine Morpholino Restores Dystrophin Expression in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles and Ameliorates Pathology in Dystrophic mdx Mice
Authors: Bo Wu, Yongfu Li, Paul A Morcos, Timothy J Doran, Peijuan Lu, Qi Long Lu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Steric-block antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are able to target RNAs for destruction and splicing alteration. Reading frame restoration of the dystrophin transcript can be achieved by AON-mediated exon skipping in the dystrophic mdx mouse model. However, simple, unmodified AONs exhibit inefficient delivery systemically, leading to dystrophin induction with high variability in skeletal muscles and barely detectable in cardiac muscle. Here, we examined a Morpholino oligomer conjugated with a dendrimeric octaguanidine (Vivo-Morpholino) and demonstrated that the delivery moiety significantly improved dystrophin production in both skeletal and cardiac muscles in mdx mice in vivo. Single intravenous (IV) injections of 6 mg/kg Vivo-MorpholinoE23 (Vivo-ME23) generated dystrophin expression in skeletal muscles at the levels higher than the injection of 300 mg/kg unmodified ME23. Repeated injections at biweekly intervals achieved near 100% of fibers expressing dystrophin in skeletal muscles bodywide without eliciting a detectable immune response. Dystrophin protein was restored to approximately 50 and 10% of normal levels in skeletal and cardiac muscles, respectively. Vivo-Morpholinos showed no signs of toxicity with the effective dosages and regime, thus offering realistic prospects for the treatment of a majority of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and many other diseases by targeting RNAs.
Sadie Bessie (“Bess”) Michaels
Authors: Andrew Coleman
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Innovator in perinatal mental healthDiana Riley was a key figure in obstetric liaison psychiatry and perinatal mental health.She researched and published widely over 36 years, including works for health professionals and lay readers on postnatal depression and drug addiction in pregnancy.Diana instituted one of the first mother and baby mental health units in the country, at St John's Hospital, Stone, to care for mothers with postnatal depression without separating them from their babies-a revolutionary idea at the time.She established and supervised psychotherapy groups for mothers with postnatal depression in Buckinghamshire, and developed expertise in drug addiction in pregnancy while working and teaching at University College Hospital, London.She was also a prime mover in one of the earliest dedicated pre-senile dementia units in the country, leading a multidisciplinary team at St John's Hospital, Stone.Brought up in a deprived area of London, Diana was influenced by seeing people unable to afford proper medical treatment.Her conviction that one must add to the sum of human health and happiness informed her work and her relationships with family, friends, and the wider community.After qualifying and marrying, she was a locum in general practice during 1956-60, producing a child a year.She cared for the families of the Royal Air Force at RAF Halton
HEMATURIAS OF OBSCURE ORIGIN
Authors: A. R. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The causes, medical and surgical, of blood in the urine are so manifold that the more one studies the subject the more is one inclined to the belief that a thorough understanding of hematuria means a comprehensive knowledge of diseases of the whole body. Although hematuria brings to mind, first, neoplasm, tuberculosis and calculus, and then trauma, acute inflammation and nephritis, there is finally a long series of rarer causes of this common finding of medical examination. The literature is enormous. Since the war, numerous articles have appeared presenting illuminating reports of unusual cases with a proved etiology, or offering new points of view concerning old problems. The general tendency marks a growing reaction against the use of the words essential and idiopathic as applied to hematuria. Most urologists will agree that essential or idiopathic hematuria does not exist, if one considers sharply the real meaning of the words, and
Efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in vitro. A model system for atopic eczema: inhibition of CD23 expression on blood monocytes
Authors: Y. LATCHMAN, G.A. BUNGY, D.J. ATHERTON, M.H.A. RUSTIN, J. BROSTOFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of traditional Chinese herbal therapy (TCHT) decoctions for the treatment of atopic eczema (AE). The mode of action of this treatment is still unknown, and in order to investigate this we have analysed the effect of an extract of these herbs (TCHTE) on interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced CD23 expression on peripheral blood monocytes from non-atopic subjects. We found that TCHTE inhibited CD23 expression up to 60% (P < 0.001), whereas the placebo extract had no significant effect on CD23 expression. This inhibition was dose-dependent, and TCHTE was effective at a concentration of 250 micrograms/ml (P = 0.001). If TCHTE or placebo was added after IL-4, the action of TCHTE could still be seen at 12 h. This inhibition was not due to cell death, as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured with TCHTE or placebo at a concentration used in these experiments had a similar viability to control cultures. Down-regulation of the low affinity receptors for IgE on antigen-presenting cells in patients with AE may contribute to the benefit observed following treatment with TCHT.
P111 FTIR Spectroscopic profiling of COPD sputum: identification of distinct spectral signatures and correlation to COPD status
Authors: N. Patel, P. Coleborn, A. Hampton, V. Campbell, M. Allen, A. Gahkani, M. Spiteri
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3></h3> COPD remains common and complex with huge costs on the NHS and disruption to patients9 daily lives. This presents a challenge for an effective, non-invasive test to enable determination and monitoring of COPD status. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for sputum profiling is timely. FTIR identifies and measures chemical bond vibrations within functional groups in complex biological mixtures by producing infrared absorption spectra. Identifying COPD-relevant spectra in sputum could provide sensitive rapid information on status and exacerbations. To address this, we randomly recruited 102 patients independent of severity. Sputum was collected at initial visit and in each of subsequent 2 weeks. Dyspnoea and sputum scores were obtained; FEV<sub>1</sub>, serum CRP and exhaled NO measured; any intervening chest infection or treatment change documented. Patients was stratified by FEV<sub>1</sub>; 26 patients had mild COPD (FEV<sub>1</sub>≥80%); 41 moderate (FEV<sub>1</sub> 49–79%); 35 severe (FEV<sub>1</sub> ≤50%). FTIR was performed using an Alpha-T spectrometer (Bruker UK); transmission mode in 4000 to 900 cm<sup>−1</sup> region; 4 cm<sup>−1</sup> resolution. All COPD sputa gave reproducible biological IR spectra with distinct signatures in 5 key regions at 3300–3280 cm<sup>−1</sup> (assigned as amide A), 3000–2800 cm<sup>−1</sup>, 1660–1600 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Amide I), 1560–1520 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Amide II) and 1180–1000 cm<sup>−1</sup> (glycoproteins). Multivariate analysis showed significant correlation between spectral profiles and FEV<sub>1</sub> and smoking habit. The accuracy of differentiating mild from severe COPD was consistently greater than 70% (AUC under ROC curve); specifically we observed peak shifts in Amide A towards 3300 cm<sup>−1</sup> as COPD worsened (p&lt;0.001). Also 68/102 patients exhibited a clear band around 2060 cm<sup>−1</sup>; the remaining 34 showed no band in this region. There was a significant association (p=0.012) between peak presence and COPD severity; with mild COPD patients more likely to have a peak, and severe sufferers having 2060 cm<sup>−1</sup> signal absence. 35/102 patients had exacerbations during the study. Separate spectral analysis showed significant increase in glycoprotein max peak during COPD exacerbation (p&lt;0.03). This study has important implications for future near-patient COPD monitoring. FTIR sputum profiling enables non-invasive rapid sampling and evaluation, producing spectral signatures that can differentiate COPD status or predict exacerbation presence.