tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord damage and operations for coarctation of the aorta: aetiology, practice, and prospects.
Authors: G Keen
Journal: Thorax (1987)

An inquiry was made into the clinical practice and paraplegia rate associated with operations for coarctation of the aorta conducted by surgeons in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Paraplegia occurred in 16 patients in a total of 5492 operations, an incidence of 0.3%, or once in 343 operations. The aetiology and measures that may be taken to avoid this complication are discussed. The medicolegal consequences need no emphasis and it is recommended that finger palpation alone as a method of assessing the adequacy of distal aortic pressure should be abandoned in favour of continuous electromanometric visual display of the aortic pressure in all patients. In the long term, serious consideration must be given to developing spinal cord monitoring using somatosensory evoked potentials.
Antiproteinuric effect of captopril in a patient with lupus nephritis and intractable nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: Y Shapira, F Mor, A Friedler, A J Wysenbeek, A Weinberger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A 22 year old woman presented with lupus nephritis, hypertension, and intractable nephrotic syndrome. Albumin and furosemide given intravenously was ineffective. Captopril administered in a daily dose of 62.5 mg was associated with a reduction in proteinuria from 28 g/24 hours to 11.5 g/24 hours over 10 weeks, resulting in a weight reduction of 16 kg. This was achieved with relative preservation of renal function. Captopril should be considered in the treatment of intractable proteinuria in patients with lupus nephritis, or when cytotoxic drugs are refused, because of its efficacy and relative safety. Captopril should, however, be used as an adjunct and not as a substitute for standard treatment.
Changes in the Lémann Index Values During the First Years of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Cyrielle Gilletta, Maïté Lewin, Anne Bourrier, Isabelle Nion-Larmurier, Sylvie Rajca, Laurent Beaugerie, Harry Sokol, Benjamin Pariente, Philippe Seksik, Jacques Cosnes
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Simplification of the revised Geneva score did not decrease accuracy for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Jeffry A. Kline
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club17 March 2009Simplification of the revised Geneva score did not decrease accuracy for diagnosis of pulmonary embolismJeffry A. Kline, MDJeffry A. Kline, MDCarolina’s Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA (J.A.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-02015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKlok FA, Mos IC, Nijkeuter M, et al. Simplification of the revised Geneva score for assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008;68:2131-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955643Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Hematology: Pulmonology: References1 Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:416−20. [PMID: 10744147] Google Scholar2 Kline JA, Courtney DM, Kabrhel C, et al. Prospective multicenter evaluation of the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6:772-80. [PMID: 18318689] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffry A. Kline, MDAffiliations: Carolina’s Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA (J.A.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 March 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEvaluation of Patients With Suspected Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Best Practice Advice From the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of PhysiciansAli S. Raja, MD, Jeffrey O. Greenberg, MD, Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA, Thomas D. Denberg, MD, PhD, Nick Fitterman, MD, and Jeremiah D. Schuur, MD, MHS, for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians* 17 March 2009Volume 150, Issue 6Page: JC3-15KeywordsCohort studiesEdemaHematology and oncologyHospitalistsLikelihood ratioMemoryPulmonary embolismPulmonary medicineVeinsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 17 March 2009 Issue Published: 17 March 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tauroursodeoxycholate and S-adenosyl-L-methionine exert an additive ameliorating effect on taurolithocholate-induced cholestasis: A study in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets
Authors: Piotr Milkiewicz, Charles O. Mills, Marcelo G. Roma, Jalal Ahmed-Choudhury, Elwyn Elias, Roger Coleman
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The monohydroxy bile acid, taurolithocholate (TLC), causes cholestasis in vivo and in isolated perfused livers. It is also cholestatic in vitro and, in this study using isolated rat hepatocyte couplets, causes a reduction of the accumulation of (fluorescent) bile acid in the canalicular vacuoles (cVA) of this polarized cell preparation. The hepatoprotective bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), partially protects against the action of TLC when added at the same time. It also partially reverses the cholestatic effect if added after the cells have been exposed to TLC. A second hepatoprotective compound, S–adenosyl–L–methionine (SAMe) also not only partially protects against the action of TLC when added at the same time, but it too is able to partially reverse the cholestatic effect. Neither hepatoprotective agent is fully effective alone, but their effects are additive. In combination, a full restoration of cVA is observed in moderate cholestasis, but not in severe cholestasis. We discuss briefly some possible mechanisms involved in the additive mode of action of both hepatoprotective compounds. In summary, we show for the first time that SAMe and TUDCA can exert an additive effect in the amelioration of TLC–induced cholestasis in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets. This finding may be of possible clinical relevance
Dopamine -hydroxylase release during hypertension from sympathetic nervous overactivity in man
Authors: C. J. MATHIAS, A. D. SMITH, H. L. FRANKEL, J. M. K. SPALDING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

In subjects with cervical spinal cord transections, hypertension due to sympathetic nervous overactivity resulted in a rise in plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), the peak occurring 3 to 5 min after the peak blood pressure response. This indicates that DbetaH may be released from sympathetic nerve terminals during sympathetic activity in man, and emphasizes the importance of sample timing in acute studies on DbetaH.
Idiotype-like molecules on cells of a human T cell leukemia.
Authors: R D Bigler, D E Fisher, C Y Wang, E A Rinnooy Kan, H G Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Two monoclonal antibodies were obtained that showed unique specificities for the leukemic T cells used for immunization. One antibody, S160, was totally specific for the antigen. The other antibody, S511, also reacted with a small population of normal T cells. This was made especially evident by concentrating these normal T cells with the antibody. Considerable evidence was obtained that both antibodies reacted with the same membrane molecules. In the unreduced state a major component of approximately 80 kdaltons was observed; after reduction this split into two components of approximately 43 and approximately 38 kdaltons. The reaction of the two antibodies with different antigenic sites on the same molecule, one representing a private site and the other a more cross-reactive site, strongly suggests an antibodylike molecule, but composed of polypeptide chains differing from immunoglobulins.
THE DRUG TREATMENT OF HEART DISEASE
Authors: ROBERT L. LEVY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

"It is much easier to write upon a disease than upon a remedy. The former is in the hands of nature, and a faithful observer, with an eye of tolerable judgment, cannot fail to delineate a likeness. The latter will ever be subject to the whims, the inaccuracies and the blunders of mankind." Thus, in 1778, wrote William Withering<sup>1</sup>in a letter to a colleague concerning the uses of digitalis. As in the management of any bodily disorder, so in the treatment of heart disease, the exhibition of drugs is only one aspect of therapeutic procedure. In derangements of the circulation, however, the intelligent application of medicinal measures is often an important factor in initiating improvement; frequently, their timely use is directly responsible for the saving of life. A discussion of all the various drugs that have been employed in the treatment of circulatory disturbances is clearly beyond the
Landing frequencies and types of landings in sub-elite male volleyball players
Authors: M van Ark, J Zwerver, G J Pepping
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Landings seem to be one of the important factors in the multi-factorial aetiology of patellar tendinopathy among jumping athletes. Objective The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequencies and types of landings in sub-elite male volleyball players in both matches and training sessions. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting All landings of players of a Dutch first division volleyball team were analysed during 2 weeks. Five training sessions and two matches took place in this period. Participants Players of a sub-elite male volleyball team (n=12). Intervention and main outcome measurements Event (match/training session), landing foot (left/right/both), player position and action for which the jump was performed were recorded for every jump. A repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to test for possible effects of the variables event (within-factor), function (between-factor) and landing foot (within-factor) on mean number of landings per person. Results 7944 landings were evaluated, the number of landings was higher during training sessions than during matches (ratio 5.5:1). 22% of the landings occurred on the left foot, 15% on the right foot and 63% on both feet. Jumps were performed for usual actions like a spike, block or set-up. The players landed significantly more on both feet than on their left or right foot. Setters landed significantly more on both feet than players with other functions and during training sessions landings occurred more on both feet than during matches. Conclusions This study showed that far more landings were performed during training sessions compared to matches. Most effects of prevention programs can thus be expected from interventions on landing type and frequency during training sessions. In this way the development of overload injuries like patellar tendinopathy might be prevented.
Assessment of blood echogenicity as an alternative measure to erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Authors: T Kallio
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine the relation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood echogenicity and whether measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate could be replaced by measurement of blood echogenicity in monitoring acute phase reactions.Simultaneous measurement of echogenicity of flowing blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood samples and comparison of results.A radiological department in a university hospital.83 patients with a suspected venous thrombosis and 36 healthy volunteers.Correlations between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, packed cell volume, and echogenicity of flowing blood.Blood echogenicity correlated poorly with the packed cell volume, but strongly correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (when the packed cell volume was within reference limits) (correlation coefficient = 0.73). Blood samples with a greatly raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were highly echogenic. Only one of the 30 samples with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate below 10 mm in first hour had a higher echogenicity than the least echogenic sample of the 19 with a sedimentation rate above 30 mm in first hour.Echogenicity of flowing blood correlates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and its measurement may compete with conventional methods for evaluating the long term changes in acute phase reactions. Also, it has the added advantage that non-invasive in vivo measurements of blood echogenicity may become possible.
MAIL-ORDER DRUGS
Authors: Albert H. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am concerned about the many drugs which are now being offered to physicians by mail-order companies at lower prices than are paid for such drugs when they are made by ethical pharmaceutical companies and sold through prescription pharmacies. Prednisone and prednisolone especially are thus advertised and distributed for 1/10 to 1/15th of the charge for these corticoids made by ethical concerns. These cheap products have no insignia on them indicating the manufacturer. I assume that most of them are being made out of the United States or by some manufacturer who does not wish to stand behind the effectiveness of the hormone. I have given these corticoids to selected allergic patients whose financial status is very limited. Unfortunately, the resultant control of the allergy has been less than that brought about by similar doses of such hormones made by ethical companies. In some cases, no relief
Hepatic autoantigens in the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 and autoimmune hepatitis type 2
Authors: P. Obermayer-Straub, S. Braun, S. Loges, M.G. Clemente, B. Lüttig, B. Grams, J. Perheentupa, M.P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Pulse Oximetry During Conscious Sedation-Reply
Authors: Sona Kalousdian
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —As mentioned in the Council on Scientific Affairs Report on the use of pulse oximetry during conscious sedation, monitoring of ventilation, while not yet practical, would be desirable to prevent hypoxic injury during conscious sedation. We are grateful to Dr Chaney for bringing attention to one of the major limitations of pulse oximetry—that it does not provide information on the adequacy of ventilation.  Dr Cote also brings up several interesting and relevant points concerning the use of pulse oximetry. We thank him for noting several references that contribute to the overall understanding of pulse oximetry in the pediatric population. We agree that no technique should serve as a substitute for sound clinical judgment.
MicroRNA normalization candidates for quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in real time in lesional and nonlesional psoriatic skin
Authors: A. Langkilde, L. Raaby, C. Johansen, L. Iversen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

MicroRNA (miRNA) technology is an evolving research area and quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in real time (qPCR) is an important investigational tool. The small noncoding RNA candidates used for normalization in psoriatic skin biopsies have never been sufficiently validated. To identify a reliable normalization method for miRNA analysis with qPCR in psoriatic skin. Five miRNA candidates previously used for normalization in psoriatic skin were identified through a search of the literature. Five other candidates were uncovered using the NormFinder algorithm on miRNA microarray data. The candidates were validated with qPCR in paired psoriatic biopsies, biopsies from patients during treatment and normal healthy skin. The stability of the miRNAs was determined with NormFinder and geNorm. The dispersion of data was determined before and after use of different normalization approaches. In lesional and nonlesional skin the two algorithms ranked the candidates similarly, with an excellent correlation (R2 = 0·95). miR‐26a had the best stability, whereas the commonly used RNU48 had less favourable stability. The same results were seen within the dispersion of the data, including in biopsies from lesional, nonlesional, treated psoriatic and normal healthy skin. This is the first study to validate the reliability of miRNA candidates for normalization by qPCR in psoriatic skin. From this study we conclude that miR‐26a is the best candidate, and better than those previously used. miR‐26a can be used for miRNA normalization in future studies with psoriatic skin.
[6] VALOPICITABINE (NM283), ALONE OR WITH PEG-INTERFERON, COMPARED TO PEG INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN (PEGIFN/RBV) RETREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HCV-1 INFECTION AND PRIOR NON-RESPONSE TO PEGIFN/RBV: ONE-YEAR RESULTS
Authors: N. Afdhal, C. O'Brien, E. Godofsky, M. Rodriguez-Torres, S.C. Pappas, E. Lawitz, P. Pockros, M. Sulkowski, I. Jacobson, G. Chao, S. Knox, K. Pietropaolo, N.A. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Understanding why "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence"
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers investigated the effects of a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy on maternal and neonatal morbidity in a group of women at risk of fetal macrosomia (large for gestational age infants). A randomised controlled superiority trial was performed. The intervention consisted of a low glycaemic index diet from early pregnancy. The control treatment was no dietary intervention. Participants were women without diabetes, all in their second pregnancy, who had previously delivered an infant weighing greater than 4000 g. In total, 800 women were recruited and randomised to the intervention (n=394) and control treatment (n=406).1 The primary outcome was birth weight and the secondary outcome gestational weight gain. The mean birth weight for the intervention group was greater than for the control group, although the difference was not significant (4034 (SD 510) v 4006 g (497); mean difference 28.6 g, 95% confidence interval −45.6 to 102.8; P=0.449). Mean gestational weight gain was significantly less for the intervention arm (12.2 v 13.7 kg; mean difference −1.3 kg, −2.4 to −0.2; P=0.01). The researchers concluded that a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy did not significantly reduce birth weight for large for gestational age infants, but it did have a significant effect on reducing gestational weight gain for women at risk of fetal macrosomia. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice
Authors: Shigeki Nakamura, Kimberly M. Davis, Jeffrey N. Weiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Pneumococcal infection of the respiratory tract is often secondary to recent influenza virus infection and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality during seasonal and pandemic influenza. Here, we show that coinfection of the upper respiratory tract of mice with influenza virus and pneumococcus leads to synergistic stimulation of type I IFNs and that this impairs the recruitment of macrophages, which are required for pneumococcal clearance, due to decreased production of the chemokine CCL2. Type I IFN expression was induced by pneumococcal colonization alone. Colonization followed by influenza coinfection led to a synergistic type I IFN response, resulting in increased density of colonizing bacteria and susceptibility to invasive infection. This enhanced type I IFN response inhibited production of the chemokine CCL2, which promotes the recruitment of macrophages and bacterial clearance. Stimulation of CCL2 by macrophages upon pneumococcal infection alone required the pattern recognition receptor Nod2 and expression of the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Indeed, the increased colonization associated with concurrent influenza virus infection was not observed in mice lacking Nod2 or the type I IFN receptor, or in mice challenged with pneumococci lacking pneumolysin. We therefore propose that the synergistic stimulation of type I IFN production during concurrent influenza virus and pneumococcal infection leads to increased bacterial colonization and suggest that this may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans.
Abstract 3673: Molecular analysis of pheochromocytoma after <i>maternal</i> transmission of <i>SDHD</i> mutation elucidates mechanism of parent-of-origin effect.
Authors: Edward S. Tobias, Phey M. Yeap, Eleni Mavraki, Alexander Fletcher, Marie E. Freel, Alexander Cooke, Nicola Bradshaw, Victoria A. Murday, Rosemarie Davidson, Colin Perry, Robert S. Lindsay
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In SDHD mutation families, paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas usually occur only after paternal transmission of the mutation. This important but unexplained parent-of-origin effect is not due to imprinting of SDHD itself, as was initially suspected, since SDHD is biallelically expressed in several tissues. In clinically affected individuals who possess a paternally inherited SDHD mutation, there is loss of the entire maternal chromosome 11 in tumour DNA, implying that tumorigenesis requires loss of not only maternal (wild type) SDHD but also a further, imprinted, tumor suppressor gene (TSG). We report the second case of an SDHD-related tumor (a pheochromocytoma in a 33 year old woman possessing the common pathogenic mutation, p.Pro81Leu) occurring after maternal transmission. It is the first reported investigation of tumor DNA in this situation. Tumor DNA revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at paternal 11q23 causing loss of the wild-type SDHD allele and also LOH affecting maternal 11p15, including H19. These two LOH regions were separated by a region exhibiting clearly retained heterozygosity, containing SDHAF2 (a recently reported paraganglioma TSG), which therefore appears uninvolved here. This case provides strong molecular evidence that the tumorigenic requirement for maternal 11p15 loss (in addition to inactivation of both SDHD alleles) drives the observed parent-of-origin effect. Thus, SDHD-related tumorigenesis most likely involves a “three-hit” mechanism that includes (as one of the hits) loss of an imprinted (paternally silenced and maternally active) TSG from chromosome 11, such as H19). Tumor formation more commonly results from paternal inheritance of SDHD mutations, as the necessary loss of both the wild type SDHD allele and maternal 11p15 can then occur by a single event (loss of maternal chromosome 11). These findings have important implications regarding the clinical management of carriers of maternally inherited SDHD mutations, who we confirm can develop pheochromocytomas, and the understanding of the parent-of-origin effect. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3673. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3673
Pseudogynecomastia Due to Penicillin Adjuvant
Authors: Robert M. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Bilateral breast enlargement in the male occurs in association with a variety of conditions, eg, cirrhosis, metabolic disorders of the testes and adrenals, and tumors of these and other organs. It must be distinguished from the uncommon carcinoma of the male breast. This case of bilateral, symmetrical pseudogynecomastia presents a rare cause of mammary enlargement in males, and an example of an unusual, untoward complication of therapy. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> This 42-year-old white man was admitted with a chief complaint of breast enlargement bilaterally of six years' duration. While on assignment with the armed forces in Chile in 1961, the patient thought he had contracted venereal disease and, accordingly, consulted a local physician to avoid reprimand by his superiors. On three successive days he received bilateral subareolar injections of a medication which an interpreter told him was penicillin. The patient was unable to explain why the