tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vagal mediation of the effects of atrial natriuretic factor on blood pressure and arterial baroreflexes in the rabbit.
Authors: M Volpe, A Cuocolo, F Vecchione, A F Mele, M Condorelli, B Trimarco
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We investigated the hemodynamic effect of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor Auriculin A (ANF) and its influence on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and perfusion pressure in the hind limb (perfused at constant flow) in rabbits anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and urethane. The neural mechanisms underlying these effects were also studied. In the intact animal, a 45-minute constant infusion of ANF (2 micrograms/kg prime, 0.2 microgram/kg/min) significantly reduced mean blood pressure and increased mean perfusion pressure, while heart rate did not change. Comparable data were obtained with lower (0.5 microgram/kg + 0.05 microgram/kg/min; 1 microgram/kg + 0.1 microgram/kg/min) or higher (4 micrograms/kg + 0.4 microgram/kg/min; 8 micrograms/kg + 0.8 microgram/kg/min) doses of ANF. In addition, ANF enhanced bradycardic reflex responses to phenylephrine i.v. bolus administration, while it did not change baroreflex-mediated responses to nitroglycerin i.v. bolus administration and to 30-second bilateral carotid occlusion. The specificity of the influence of ANF on arterial baroreflex responses was confirmed by the observation that no significant change in reflex responses to phenylephrine or carotid occlusion was detectable during a comparable decrease in blood pressure induced by a constant infusion of nitroglycerin. Bilateral vagotomy prevented both the fall in blood pressure and the increase in perfusion pressure induced by ANF, while cholinergic blockade (atropine, 0.5 mg/kg i.v.) or adrenergic blockade (propranolol, 0.3 mg/kg i.v. + phentolamine, 0.3 mg/kg i.v.) did not modify the hemodynamic response to ANF observed in the intact animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identifying Locations for Public Access Defibrillators Using Mathematical Optimization
Authors: Timothy C.Y. Chan, Heyse Li, Gerald Lebovic, Sabrina K. Tang, Joyce Y.T. Chan, Horace C.K. Cheng, Laurie J. Morrison, Steven C. Brooks
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Geospatial methods using mathematical optimization to identify clusters of cardiac arrests and prioritize public locations for defibrillator deployment have not been studied. Our objective was to develop such a method and test its performance against a population-guided approach.All public location cardiac arrests in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from December 16, 2005, to July 15, 2010, and all automated external defibrillator (AED) locations registered with Toronto Emergency Medical Services as of September 2009 were plotted geographically. Current AED coverage was quantified by determining the number of cardiac arrests occurring within 100 m of a registered AED. Clusters of cardiac arrests without a registered AED within 100 m were identified. With the use of mathematical optimization techniques, cardiac arrest coverage improvements were computed and shown to be superior to results from a population-guided deployment method. There were 1310 eligible public location cardiac arrests and 1669 registered AEDs. Of the eligible cardiac arrests, 304 were within 100 m of at least 1 registered AED (23% coverage). The average distance from a cardiac arrest to the closest AED was 281 m. With AEDs deployed in the top 30 locations, an additional 112 historical cardiac arrests would be covered (32% total coverage), and the average distance to the closest AED would be 262 m.Geographic clusters of cardiac arrests can be easily identified and prioritized with the use of mathematical modeling. Optimized AED deployment can increase cardiac arrest coverage and decrease the distance to the closest AED. Mathematical modeling can augment public AED deployment programs.
Severe Prolonged Cerebral Hypoxic Episode with Complete Recovery
Authors: Max S. Sadove
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SEVERE prolonged hypoxia due to respiratory tract obstruction is rarely followed by complete recovery. The management is often one of desperation with little likelihood of return of central nervous system function. Thus, when intensive therapy is successful it is significant to report the history and clinical course of the patient, with an evaluation of the therapy and management, in that it may be of some aid to our fellow physicians.  Report of a Case  The patient was a 2 1/2-year-old white male child who developed acute, severe laryngotracheal bronchitis. He had been normal and healthy since birth, was well nourished, and weighed 15.5 kg. (about 34 lb.).  The onset of the disease occurred as the boy awakened with a cold one winter morning. Symptoms progressed rapidly with stridor, substernal retractions, and occasional unsuccessful attempts to cough. Although he was afebrile at the time, he was panicky and restless because of
Guy Christopher Brill
Authors: S. Brill, P. Burrows
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Guy Christopher Brill (“Chris”) was born in Edenbridge in Kent and educated at St Edward’s School in Oxford. After doing his requisite two years service in the Royal Air Force at Box in Surrey, he went up to King’s College, Cambridge, where he excelled in medicine. His director of studies there, Dr Kendal Dixon, held him in great regard and commented that he would be eminently qualified to be a consultant. However, Chris already knew by that stage that he valued ongoing relationships with his patients and embarked on a career as a general practitioner.

After marrying Sally, whom he met while a houseman at St Thomas’s in London, Chris moved to Winchester in 1959. There he became the first ever vocational GP …
Acute Arsenic Intoxication Diagnosed by Roentgenograms
Authors: Richard J. Hilfer, Armand Mandel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IT has previously been reported that arsenic trioxide is a radiopaque material that appears much the same as barium on roentgenograms of the abdomen.1 , 2 A case has been reported in which an ante-mortem diagnosis was facilitated by roentgenograms of the abdomen.2 This paper concerns a second patient, the wife of the patient previously described, in whom a plain film of the abdomen aided in the diagnosis of acute arsenic poisoning. This permitted the early institution of proper therapy, which probably resulted in the patient's survival.Case ReportA 46-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room of the Evangelical Deaconess . . .
Risk factors for early postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients underwent radical surgery for gastric carcinoma: A single center experience
Authors: Selahattin Vural, Osman Civil, Metin Kement, Yunus E. Altuntas, Nuri Okkabaz, Cem Gezen, Mustafa Haksal, Ersin Gundogan, Mustafa Oncel
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Phenomenon of the Gap in Atrioventricular Conduction in the Human Heart
Authors: ANDREW L. WIT, ANTHONY N. DAMATO, MELVIN B. WEISS, CHARLES STEINER
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

The phenomenon of the "gap in atrioventricular conduction" was studied in eight human subjects, using a catheter technique for recording electrical activity of the His bundle. Premature atrial stimuli were applied throughout the basic atrial cycle, either during sinus rhythm or atrial pacing. As the coupling interval between the basic (A 1 ) and premature (A 2 ) atrial depolarizations was decreased, a point was reached where A 2 was no longer conducted to the ventricles. The region of conduction block was localized distal to the His bundle. The interval between basic and premature His bundle depolarizations at which block occurred provided a value for the effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system. If A 2 was then made to occur earlier in the basic cycle, a point was reached where conduction of the premature response to the ventricles resumed. When this occurred, conduction delay of A 2 in the atrioventricular node had increased sufficiently to allow for recovery of excitability of the His-Purkinje system (the interval between successive His bundle depolarizations was greater than the effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system). The gap phenomenon could be abolished by decreasing the basic cycle length or by beta-receptor blockade, both of which prevented conduction block of A 2 in the His-Purkinje system.
Effect of Atherosclerosis and Age upon the Serum Mucoprotein and Hexosamine Levels in Man
Authors: COLIN J. SCHWARTZ, HUGH R. GILMORE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Serum mucoprotein and hexosamine levels have been determined in atherosclerotic, nonatherosclerotic, and young male subjects. A highly significant elevation of both fractions was noted in the atherosclerotic group. Elevations due to aging were also obtained. It is suggested that these results are consistent with the view that arterial wall mucopolysaccharide depolymerization plays a role in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
Intensive glucose lowering treatment in type 2 diabetes
Authors: D. Preiss, K. K. Ray
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The effect on microvascular disease seems to be modest at best

The recognition that diabetes is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease has led to trials of different glucose lowering strategies in an attempt to reduce the risk of such disease. The effect of glucose lowering on cardiovascular disease outcomes is one of the most contentious in recent history, as indicated by the class IIb recommendation from the joint American Diabetes Association, American Heart Association, and American College of Cardiology guidelines . 1 In the linked meta-analysis (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4169), Boussageon and colleagues assess both microvascular complications and cardiovascular events related to the intensity of glycaemic control and the quality of randomised studies.2

Before considering individual trials several factors warrant consideration. For example, it is possible that glucose lowering is a much weaker intervention than previously envisaged so that individual trials may be underpowered to detect changes in a chosen end point. Also, current treatments may partly negate any benefit of glucose lowering by exchanging one risk factor for another—for example, weight gain, which has concomitant effects on blood pressure and lipids.3

The largest study to date, which compared the effects …
Adipocyte-Derived Factors Potentiate Nutrient-Induced Production of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor–1 by Macrophages
Authors: Preeti Kishore, Weijie Li, Julia Tonelli, Do-Eun Lee, Sudha Koppaka, Kehao Zhang, Ying Lin, Sylvia Kehlenbrink, Philipp E. Scherer, Meredith Hawkins
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Macrophages are more abundant in adipose tissue from obese individuals than from those of normal weight and may contribute to the metabolic consequences of obesity by producing various circulating factors. One of these factors is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which contributes to both atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Because nutritional factors appear to regulate PAI-1 expression, we hypothesized that exposure to fatty acids and adipocyte secretory products could stimulate production of PAI-1 by adipose macrophages. Increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in blood for 5 hours in nondiabetic, overweight subjects markedly suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and raised circulating PAI-1 concentrations, with a concomitant increase in the expression of the PAI-1 gene in adipose tissue. FFAs also rapidly increased PAI-1 gene expression in adipose macrophages and PAI-1 protein immunofluorescence surrounding these cells. By contrast, PAI-1 expression in circulating monocytes was very low and was not affected by raising the concentration of FFAs. Medium from cultured adipocytes stimulated PAI-1 expression in cultured macrophages and potentiated the increase in PAI-1 messenger RNA expression in response to FFAs. Together, our data suggest that adipocyte-derived factors prime adipose macrophages so that they respond to nutritional signals (FFAs) by releasing a key inflammatory adipokine, PAI-1.
Emerging molecular markers for the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Enke Baldini, Salvatore Sorrenti, Chiara Tuccilli, Natalie Prinzi, Carmela Coccaro, Antonio Catania, Angelo Filippini, Marco Bononi, Enrico De Antoni, Massimino D'Armiento, Salvatore Ulisse
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Cardiac tamponade in acute rheumatic carditis.
Authors: A T Tan, P K Mah, B L Chia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

In patients with valvular heart disease, fever, and cardiomegaly echocardiography is an invaluable noninvasive tool. In this report we describe a young female presenting with cardiac tamponade due to acute rheumatic carditis. Echocardiography showed an exudative pericardial effusion which was haemorrhagic on pericardiocentesis. She responded to steroid therapy with resolution of carditis and pericardial effusion.
Thromboprophylaxis alerts for physicians did not reduce VTE in at-risk patients after discharge
Authors: Lisa M. Baumann Kreuziger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club19 November 2013Thromboprophylaxis alerts for physicians did not reduce VTE in at-risk patients after dischargeLisa M. Baumann Kreuziger, MD, MSLisa M. Baumann Kreuziger, MD, MSBlood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA (L.M.B.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-10-201311190-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationPiazza G, Anderson FA, Ortel T, et al. Randomized trial of physician alerts for thromboprophylaxis after discharge. Am J Med. 2013;126:435-42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23510945Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Hematology: References1 Hull RD, Schellong SM, Tapson VF, et al; EXCLAIM (Extended Prophylaxis for Venous ThromboEmbolism in Acutely Ill Medical Patients With Prolonged Immobilization) study. Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:8-18. [PMID: 20621900] Google Scholar2 Cohen AT, Spiro TE, Büller HR, et al; MAGELLAN Investigators. Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:513-23. [PMID: 23388003] Google Scholar3 Goldhaber SZ, Leizorovicz A, Kakkar AK, et al; ADOPT Trial Investigators. Apixaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in medically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2167-77. [PMID: 22077144] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA (L.M.B.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 November 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReview: Interventions to increase thromboprophylaxis do not benefit inpatients at risk for VTE Lisa M. Baumann Kreuziger Metrics 19 November 2013Volume 159, Issue 10Page: JC11KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisInpatientsPatientsProphylaxisPulmonary embolismSafetySystematic reviewsVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 19 November 2013 Issue Published: 19 November 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Program to Conquer Heart Disease
Authors: Carleton B. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Reference is made to the AMA staff report titled A National Program to Conquer Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke ( JAMA  192 :299-301 [April 26] 1965). In my view, the author of the report did a disservice to the American Heart Association and to the public record by inaccurately reporting the testimony given by the Association before Senator Hill's subcommittee. I enclose a copy of the testimony for your information.  The staff report says that the American Heart Association, along with certain other organizations, ... accepted the Commission's assumptions and recommendations without comment, confining their remarks to  agency within HEW should administer the program. Actually, only one portion of our testimony had to do with which agency... should administer the program.  Our first point, and the one on  we felt most strongly, was set out as follows:  If the proposal to establish regional medical complexes is enacted,
Regular coffee but not espresso drinking is protective against fibrosis in a cohort mainly composed of morbidly obese European women with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Rodolphe Anty, Sophie Marjoux, Antonio Iannelli, Stéphanie Patouraux, Anne-Sophie Schneck, Stéphanie Bonnafous, Camille Gire, Anca Amzolini, Imed Ben-Amor, Marie-Christine Saint-Paul, Eugenia Mariné-Barjoan, Alexandre Pariente, Jean Gugenheim, Philippe Gual, Albert Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Apixaban reduced stroke or systemic embolism more than warfarin in AF regardless of renal function
Authors: Melvyn M. Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Hohnloser SH, Hijazi Z, Thomas L, et al. Efficacy of apixaban when compared with warfarin in relation to renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2821-30.
Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenetic Analysis Under a Covarion-like Model
Authors: Nicolas Galtier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Here, a model allowing covarion-like evolution of DNA sequences is introduced. In contrast to standard representation of the distribution of evolutionary rates, this model allows the site-specific rate to vary between lineages. This is achieved by adding as few as two parameters to the widely used among-site rate variation model, namely, (1) the proportion of sites undergoing rate changes and (2) the rate of rate change. This model is implemented in the likelihood framework, allowing parameter estimation, comparison of models, and tree reconstruction. An application to ribosomal RNA sequences suggests that covarions (i.e., site-specific rate changes) play an important role in the evolution of these molecules. Neglecting them results in a severe underestimate of the variance of rates across sites. It has, however, little influence on the estimation of ancestral G+C contents obtained from a nonhomogeneous model, or on the resulting inferences about the evolution of thermophyly. This theoretical effort should be useful for the study of protein adaptation, which presumably proceeds in a typical covarion-like manner.
Suppurative appendicitis at colonoscopy
Authors: P. Duarte, R. Ramos, C. Casteleiro Alves
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 65-year-old man came to our emergency department with complaints of diffuse abdominal pain and a change in bowel habits for the past 4 days. He denied nausea, vomiting or fever. His medical history included diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, cerebral stroke, and ischemic heart disease. He had no past surgical history. On presentation, he was in good general condition and the abdomen was soft, depressive, with diffuse discomfort on palpation in the right upper quadrant, but without Blumberg sign. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (11|700/µL), hemoglobin at 14 g/dL, and C-reactive protein at 8.7 mg/dL (normal range < 1.0 mg/dL). Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography were normal. He was admitted with suspicion of diverticulitis.
HMRC closes loophole that allowed tax relief on funding medical research
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A scheme designed to exploit tax breaks on medical research has been ruled unlawful in court after a challenge by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC).

Matrix Securities promoted a scheme in which wealthy investors were offered tax relief far in excess of their investment, by exploiting a tax break meant to encourage investment in medical research. A total of 83 investors put up £28m (€33m; $45m) and borrowed another £86m from banks, allegedly to invest in research …
Molecular Target-Based Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Irina V. Lebedeva, Devanand Sarkar, Zao-Zhong Su, Rahul V. Gopalkrishnan, Mohammad Athar, Aaron Randolph, Kristoffer Valerie, Paul Dent, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Pancreatic cancer is genetically complex, and without effective therapy. Mutations in the Kirsten-ras (K-ras) oncogene occur early and frequently (approximately 90%) during pancreatic cancer development and progression. In this context, K-ras represents a potential molecular target for the therapy of this highly aggressive cancer. We now show that a bipartite adenovirus expressing a novel cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing cytokine gene, mda-7/interleukin-24 (IL-24), and a K-ras AS gene, but not either gene alone, promotes growth suppression, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of tumor development mediated by K-ras mutant pancreatic cancer cells. Equally, the combination of an adenovirus expressing mda-7/IL-24 and pharmacologic and genetic agents simultaneously blocking K-ras or downstream extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 signaling also promotes similar inhibitory effects on the growth and survival of K-ras mutant pancreatic carcinoma cells. This activity correlates with the reversal of a translational block in mda-7/IL-24 mRNA in pancreatic cancer cells that limits message association with polysomes, thereby impeding translation into protein. Our study provides support for a "dual molecular targeted therapy" involving oncogene inhibition and selective cancer apoptosis-inducing gene expression with potential for effectively treating an invariably fatal cancer.