tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risperidone Versus Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: G. Bondolfi, H. Dufour, M. Patris, J. P. May, U. Billeter, C. B. Eap, P. Baumann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term efficacy and safety of risperidone and clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenic patients.In a controlled double-blind, multicenter study, 86 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia (DSM-III-R), who were resistant to or intolerant of conventional neuroleptics, were randomly assigned to receive risperidone or clozapine for 8 weeks after a 7-day washout period. After a 1-week dose-titration phase, doses were fixed at 6 mg/day of risperidone and 300 mg/day of clozapine for 1 week and then adjusted according to each patient's response. The final mean doses were 6.4 mg/day of risperidone and 291.2 mg/day of clozapine. Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated with several well-known rating scales.Both risperidone and clozapine significantly reduced the severity of psychotic symptoms (scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale) from baseline, with no significant between-group differences. At endpoint, 67% of the risperidone group and 65% of the clozapine group were clinically improved (reduction of 20% or more in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score). Risperidone appeared to have a faster onset of action. In both groups extrapyramidal symptoms and other adverse events were few, and their severity was generally mild. Neither group showed evidence of a relation between drug plasma concentrations and clinical effectiveness.Risperidone was well tolerated and as effective as medium doses of clozapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia who had been resistant to or intolerant of conventional neuroleptics.
Methylene blue-aided cholangioscopy in patients with biliary strictures: feasibility and outcome analysis
Authors: A. Hoffman, R. Kiesslich, F. Bittinger, P. Galle, M. Neurath
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Hoffman et al., pp. 563Endoscopy 2008; 40(07): 709-709DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306850
Modulation of Gemcitabine (2′,2′-Difluoro-2′-Deoxycytidine) Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Bioavailability in Mice by 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrouridine
Authors: Jan H. Beumer, Julie L. Eiseman, Robert A. Parise, Erin Joseph, Joseph M. Covey, Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: In vivo, 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (dFdC) is rapidly inactivated by gut and liver cytidine deaminase (CD) to 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (dFdU). Consequently, dFdC has poor oral bioavailability and is administered i.v., with associated costs and limitations in administration schedules. 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrouridine (THU) is a potent CD inhibitor with a 20% oral bioavailability. We investigated the ability of THU to decrease elimination and first-pass effect by CD, thereby enabling oral dosing of dFdC. Experimental Design: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was developed for plasma dFdC and dFdU. Mice were dosed with 100 mg/kg dFdC i.v. or orally with or without 100 mg/kg THU i.v. or orally. At specified times between 5 and 1,440 min, mice (n = 3) were euthanized. dFdC, dFdU, and THU concentrations were quantitated in plasma and urine. Results: THU i.v. and orally produced concentrations &amp;gt;4 μg/mL for 3 and 2 h, respectively, whereas concentrations of &amp;gt;1 μg/mL have been associated with near-complete inhibition of CD in vitro. THU i.v. decreased plasma dFdU concentrations but had no effect on dFdC plasma area under the plasma concentration versus time curve after i.v. dFdC dosing. Both THU i.v. and orally substantially increased oral bioavailability of dFdC. Absorption of dFdC orally was 59%, but only 10% passed liver and gut CD and eventually reached the systemic circulation. Coadministration of THU orally increased dFdC oral bioavailability from 10% to 40%. Conclusions: Coadministration of THU enables oral dosing of dFdC and warrants clinical testing. Oral dFdC treatment would be easier and cheaper, potentially prolong dFdC exposure, and enable exploration of administration schedules considered impractical by the i.v. route.
The Implementation of the Golden Ratio to the Healthy Human Heart
Authors: Murat Çelik, Yalçın Gökoğlan, Sedat Develi, Uygar Çağdaş Yüksel, Emre Yalçınkaya, Erkan Kaya, Kubilay Karabacak, Barış Buğan, Hasan Kutsi Kabul, Erkan Yıldırım
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
T3 thyrotoxicosis. Thyrotoxicosis due to elevated serum triiodothyronine levels
Authors: K. Sterling
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Thyrotoxicosis may be caused by elevated serum triiodothyronine (T3) in the presence of normal thyroxine (T4) concentration. Of a series of 26 selected cases, 12 have been observed in patients with toxic nodular goiter, most typically with a solitary hyperfunctioning nodule, but also with multinodular goiters. The disorder has also been observed in seven patients with classical toxic diffuse goiter (Graves' disease) including two patients with typical infiltrative ophthalmopathy. The diagnosis of T3 thyrotoxicosis should be suspected when there are clinics and laboratory evidences of hypermetabolism in the presence of normal serum T4 and the absence of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) abnormalities. Until T3 measurement becomes more readily available, it is advisable to employ screening with the T3 suppression test, regardless of the initial 24-hour thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake value.
Characteristics of Women With and Without Breast Implants-Reply
Authors: Linda S. Cook
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the interest of Drs Stewart and Elliott in our recently published article comparing characteristics of women with and without breast augmentation. It is true that our study included a relatively small number of women with breast augmentation (n=80), but they were randomly identified from the general population in 3 defined geographic areas stratified by 5-year age groups. While the age distribution of the sample is different from that of the general population, women in each 5-year age group are representative of all women of similar age in the defined geographic areas. These women were not identified on the basis of the presence of any disease or the utilization of any health care facility. We agree that confounding can never be entirely ruled out as an explanation for associations that are observed in epidemiologic studies such as ours. For example, the positive association we observed between oral contraceptive use
AN EXPERIMENT IN GRADUATE TRAINING IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Authors: GEORGE E. SHAMBAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Facilities for providing training in otolaryngology have not kept pace with the public need for specialists or with the demands of those desiring to take up this work. A survey of the situation reveals the fact that substantial training in otolaryngology is being provided in a few special hospitals, but, of course, only for the limited number of men which the needs of these hospitals require as interns. For most of those who attempt to get special training, there remains only the opportunity of taking such work as is provided in postgraduate schools. Before the war, there had developed an increasing tendency for men to seek training by going abroad. This work, like that of postgraduate schools, was restricted largely to attendance at clinics and to the taking of short intensive courses, suited especially, as review work, for those already established in special practice, but not for providing the proper
Lost in Metrication
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Old-times who trained before the metric era caught up with medicine remember well how difficult it was to adapt to the early inroads of the metric system. With drams, ounces, minims, and grains ingrained in the mind, it was a struggle to engram into it grams, milligrams, and cubic centimeters. Conversions were a chore. But the metric system was the wave of the future, and to resist its onward surge was patently futile. It was equally futile to resist its lateral motion when milliequivalents began to replace milligrams percent. This too was taken in stride as a necessary step in the march of progress. In grappling with the metric system, the physician could not count on sympathy from the layman to whom the old English units of prescribed drugs meant little. The patient about to receive a hypodermic injection of morphine could not care less whether the dose was 1/4
Native collaterals in the development of collateral circulation after chronic coronary stenosis in mongrel dogs.
Authors: F Schwarz, H O Wagner, M Sesto, M Hofmann, W Schaper, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The response of native collateral circulation to chronic stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) was studied in 17 mongrel dogs. Stenosis restricted reactive hyperemia of the LCx without affecting resting flow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by the tracer microsphere technique. Coronary collateral blood flow to the LCx was determined during maximal reactive hyperemia of the left anterior descending branch before and 5 weeks after implantation of a fixed LCx stenosis in the open-chest preparation. The protective effect of collaterals was tested by LCx ligation 5 weeks after implantation of stenosis. Presence of acute myocardial infarction was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium staining. Eleven dogs had a myocardial infarction (group A), but six dogs showed no evidence of infarction at autopsy (group B). In group A, collateral flow and minimal coronary resistance of the LCx bed changed little after LCx stenosis, from 12 to 15 ml/min/100 g and from 10.5 to 10.0 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g, respectively (both p less than 0.05). In contrast, collateral flow in group B increased from 22 to 102 ml/min/100 g (p less than 0.05), and minimal coronary resistance of the LCx bed decreased from 4.8 to 1.4 mm Hg/ml/min/100 g (p less than 0.01). Group A had lower native collateral flow (p less than 0.05) and higher native minimal coronary resistance of the LCx bed than group B (p less than 0.05). Postobstructive LCx pressure correlated well with blood flow data. The LCx risk region was of comparable size in groups A and B, 36.4% vs 39.0% of total left ventricle (p greater than 0.05). Two responses of collateral circulation to chronic stenosis were documented: lack of collateral growth in group A, but significant collateral growth in group B. The natural variation of collateral circulation was the major determinant of the different responses that were important with stenosis of a major coronary artery.
Inhibition of viral replication by genetically engineered mutants of the duck hepatitis B virus core protein
Authors: F von Weizsäcker, S Wieland, H E Blum
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid consists of 240 viral core proteins that are arranged in a highly symmetrical structure, HBV replication can only take place inside intact nucleocapsids. In the present study, we investigated whether genetically engineered core mutants can inhibit viral replication by interfering with the formation of intact nucleocapsids. Using the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) model, a series of core protein mutants was generated. Polymerase chain reaction–amplified fragments from the bacterial lacZ gene expressing up to 282 amino acids were added either to the amino– or carboxy–terminus of the DHBV core protein. In addition, carboxy–terminal extensions were generated by fusing the DHBV core protein with the DHBV small surface protein or various fragments of the viral polymerase. Finally, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused in–frame to the carboxy–terminus of the DHBV core protein. In this chimeric protein, GFP is still functional and can act as a reporter molecule. The various core protein mutants were tested for their potential antiviral activity by cotransfection with a replication–competent DHBV construct into the avian hepatoma cell line LMH. Carboxy–terminal, but not amino–terminal, DHBV core mutants inhibited DHBV replication by up to 90% at an effector–to–target ratio of 1:10, thus displaying a dominant negative phenotype. Antiviral activity was species–specific and caused by posttranslational interference with viral replication. The DHBV core–GFP fusion protein should be an ideal tool to assess the antiviral potential of dominant negative core proteins in vivo .
AIDS and the Donation of Blood in Saudi Arabia-Reply
Authors: Harb A. Harfi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate very much the comments on our article published in<i>JAMA</i>, and I would like to clarify the following points. In the past, Saudis did not donate sufficient blood for local use because the government made it available, and not because donating blood reduces sexual prowess. After the occurrence of the first case of AIDS in Saudi Arabia, a comprehensive educational program was initiated to alert physicians and the Saudi public to the potential transmission of the AIDS virus through imported blood. Since then, blood imports have been completely stopped and all blood used in Saudi Arabia is now locally supplied by voluntary donors. Expatriates who donate blood are compensated, while Saudi citizens are not paid for blood donations. Since adoption of this program, we have not experienced any shortage in blood supplies.
Caution Warranted When Defining Contraindications in Initiating β-Blocker Therapy
Authors: Marta A. Miyares
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
"Quackery" outlawed in registered pharmacy
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A serious loophole in Britain's medicines laws has been closed by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society after a disciplinary hearing in which a widely sold alternative therapy was described as unscientific “quackery.”

The society's statutory committee last month warned registered pharmacists that they would be struck off if they associated themselves “in any way” with a remedy called “spagyrik therapy.” Spagyrik therapy, sold by Signalysis of Stroud, Gloucestershire, is described as a “system of diagnosis and treatment in one” and has been marketed particularly at people with a life threatening or chronic illness. The process entails distilling then evaporating a blood and urine sample and examining the resulting ash under a microscope to produce “an individualised patient oriented diagnosis.” The ash is …
Removal of Ring From Swollen Finger
Authors: F. B. Exner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was shocked at a recent picture of firemen sawing a hole to free a child's finger, stuck in a lug hole of an auto wheel. It took an hour, when the finger could have been freed painlessly in a couple of minutes by the same method I use to remove a ring from a swollen finger. I have used the method for some 40 years, can't remember where I learned it, and thought it was generally known. Apparently it isn't, and it should be. It is usually possible to pass a string through the ring. The string is then wound tightly around the swollen side, making a half-dozen turns next to the ring. It is then un-wound from the other side while exerting tension on the string. (Figure). This is continued until the ring is free.
AMERICAN PHYSICIANS WITH BRITISH TROOPS
Authors: W. A. R. Chapin
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For the past year I have been gathering data for a comprehensive survey of the services of American medical officers who were assigned to the British during the war. Through various sources, the information gathered has been gratifying, but many men now in practice have subject matter which should be in this book. I hesitate to continue until all means of collecting authentic information have been exhausted. It would be decidedly unfair to omit any possible contributions. I take this means of bringing to the attention of those men who were with the British in the field my interest in their experiences or those of men they knew. Contributions should consist of a narrative, with names of places, men, outfits and dates. These articles will blend one with the other and make an interesting history of those 1,400 men who served under a foreign flag. No man
Case finding for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a model for optimising a targeted approach
Authors: R. E. Jordan, K.-b. H. Lam, K. K. Cheng, M. R. Miller, J. L. Marsh, J. G. Ayres, D. Fitzmaurice, P. Adab
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Case finding is proposed as an important component of the forthcoming English National Clinical Strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because of accepted widespread underdiagnosis worldwide. However the best method of identification is not known. The extent of undiagnosed clinically significant COPD in England is described and the effectiveness of an active compared with an opportunistic approach to case finding is evaluated. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross-sectional analysis was carried out using using Health Survey for England (HSE) 1995–1996 data supplemented with published literature. A model comparing an active approach (mailed questionnaires plus opportunistic identification) with an opportunistic-only approach of case finding among ever smokers aged 40–79 years was evaluated. There were 20 496 participants aged ≥30 years with valid lung function measurements. The main outcome measure was undiagnosed clinically significant COPD (any respiratory symptom with both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub>)/forced vital capacity (FVC) &lt;0.7 and FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;80% predicted). <h3>Results</h3> 971 (4.7%) had clinically significant COPD, of whom 840 (86.5%) did not report a previous diagnosis. Undiagnosed cases were more likely to be female, and smoked less. 25.3% had severe disease (FEV<sub>1</sub> &lt;50% predicted), 38.5% Medical Research Council (MRC) grade 3 dyspnoea and 44.1% were current smokers. The active case-finding strategy can potentially identify 70% more new cases than opportunistic identification alone (3.8 vs 2.2 per 100 targeted). Treating these new cases could reduce hospitalisations by at least 3300 per year in England and deaths by 2885 over 3 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is important undiagnosed clinically significant COPD in the population, and the addition of a systematic case-finding approach may be more effective in identifying these cases. The cost-effectiveness of this approach needs to be tested empirically in a prospective study.
Subdural Haematomas Complicating Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: R. R. Strang, D. Tovi
Journal: BMJ (1962)

On inquiry from the patient and her relatives it was established that she was very fond of watercress, which she was wont to gather from roadside ditches near her house, having once been heard to complain that " the cows had eaten it all."A feature of the case was the entire absence of a history of the occurrence at any time of an acute febrile illness with " liver pain," such as is characteristic of the invasive (larval) stage of the disease.For this reason it is difficult to fix the time of infection, but the duration of the attacks of colic and the grossly pathological condi- tion of the bile-duct indicate that it was not later than 1959, and as that was a very dry year, unsuitable for the development of the fluke, 1958 seems the latest time -this was the year of the outbreak previously referred to.
Evidence for the Existence of a Functional Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System in Humans
Authors: Gian Gastone Neri Serneri, Maria Boddi, Mirella Coppo, Tania Chechi, Nicoletta Zarone, Martelli Moira, Loredana Poggesi, Massimo Margheri, Ignazio Simonetti
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The presence of mRNA for the essential components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been found in animal and human hearts. The present study was designed to provide evidence for the existence of a (functional) cardiac RAS.Twenty-four patients with atypical chest pain undergoing coronary angiography for diagnostic purposes were investigated. The cardiac production rate of angiotensins was estimated by measurement of the cardiac extraction of 125I-angiotensin I and 125I-angiotensin II associated with the determination of endogenous angiotensins in aortic and coronary sinus blood in normal, low, or high sodium diets. In a normal sodium diet, angiotensin I and II aorta-coronary sinus gradients were tendentially negative (-1.8 +/- 2.5 and -0.9 +/- 1.7 pg/mL, respectively), and the amounts of angiotensin I and II added by cardiac tissues were 6.5 +/- 3.1 and 2.7 +/- 1.3 pg/mL, respectively. The low sodium diet caused a significant increase in both plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin I concentration in aortic but not in coronary sinus blood, resulting in a more negative aorta-coronary sinus gradient (-9.7 +/- 3.1 pg/mL, P < .01). Angiotensin formation by PRA in blood during transcardiac passage increased (P < .001), whereas angiotensin I formed by cardiac tissues decreased dramatically. Accordingly, in the low sodium diet, 125I-angiotensin II extraction did not change, the cardiac fractional conversion rate of 125I-angiotensin I to 125I-angiotensin II notably decreased (P < .01), and angiotensin II formation by cardiac tissues was undetectable. The high sodium diet caused a decrease in PRA and no changes in cardiac extraction of radiolabeled angiotensins; conversely, angiotensin I formed by cardiac tissues, cardiac Ang I fractional conversion rate, and angiotensin II formed during transcardiac passage significantly (P < .01 for all) increased.These results provide evidence for the existence of a functional cardiac RAS independent of but related to the circulating RAS.