tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Papers" will still exist
Authors: P. Newmark, V. Tracz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The very term “paper” is inescapably bound up with the printed word and has no real place in the context of “online.” It carries with it clear notions of space limits, formats, and information packaging that have become an integral part of the way science is currently communicated.

Printed papers are the manifestation of the quantum theory of publishing. Scientists accumulate data, publish them, and repeat the process over and over again.

The size of papers varies somewhat, with authors intent on increasing their publication list slicing their work much more thinly than …
Accuracy of portal and forearm blood flow measurements in the assessment of the portal pressure response to propranolol
Authors: Agustín Albillos, María Perez-Paramo, Guillermo Cacho, Jerónimo Iborra, Jose Luis Calleja, Isabel Millán, Javier Muñoz, Irma Rossi, Pedro Escartín
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
History of an improvement.
Authors: R S Howell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

months.Three of them had had unsuccessful kidney transplants before CAPD and the fourth, a 3-year old, had Wilms's tumours.Although our experience is still too short to allow us more generalised conclusions, we are convinced that the availability of CAPD in- creases the therapeutic armamentarium in the management of children with end-stage renal disease.
THE SCOPE OF THE ROENTGENOLOGIST'S REPORT
Authors: CHARLES D. ENFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1923)

There are two recognized extremes in the conception of what the report of a roentgenologic examination should include. The one extreme is typified by the report which describes in detail all that the roentgenologist sees in the film or on the screen, but does not tell what he thinks about it, what conclusions he draws from it, what it means to him. Such a report is, in its perfect form, a bald recital of roentgen signs, like the pathologist's description of a postmortem specimen, or a dermatologist's description of a skin lesion: at its best a perfect word picture but without meaning to one unable to interpret it. This form of report puts most of the burden on the stenographer; it commits the roentgenologist to nothing except accurate vision and good description; it is bound to be verbose; it tells much, yet almost nothing. It would be the ideal form
835. Gene Therapy for Arthritis: Long-Term Expression in a Sub-Population of Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Elvire Gouze, Jean-Noel Gouze, Glyn D. Palmer, Carmencita Pilapil, Christopher H. Evans, Steven C. Ghivizzani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Local intra-articular gene transfer may offer novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of chronic joint diseases. By delivering anti-arthritic genes to cells that line the joint space it is possible to adapt the cells for the local overproduction of the therapeutic gene products. While the ability to achieve biologically relevant levels of transgene expression has been shown in numerous animal models of arthritis, the capacity of cells in the joint tissues to support and maintain expression of an exogenous transgene over time has never been directly addressed. This information, though, is essential to the rational design and effective application of gene-based treatment strategies.
Dapsone acetylation in dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: G.A. ELLARD, PATRICIA T. GAMMON, J.A. SAVIN, R.S.-H. TAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The metabolism of dapsone was studied in ten patients with proven dermatitis herpetiformis. Seven of the patients, who were slow acetylators of sulphadimidine, also acetylated dapsone slowly. Three of the patients were rapid acetylators of both drugs. The control of symptoms did not seem to be related to the plasma concentrations of dapsone or of its metabolite monoacetyldapsone. Haemato-logical side effects, however, were related to plasma dapsone concentrations.
Patient challenges GMC guidance on withdrawing treatment
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A man with a degenerative brain condition who claims that the General Medical Council's guidelines would allow doctors to end his life against his wishes took an unprecedented “right to life” case to the High Court in London last week. Leslie Burke, aged 44, of Lancaster, is seeking judicial review of the GMC's 2002 guidance on withholding and withdrawing life prolonging treatment, which he argues is unlawful because it could lead doctors to breach his human rights.
Cytarabine and clofarabine after high‐dose cytarabine in relapsed or refractory AML patients
Authors: Barbara Scappini, Giacomo Gianfaldoni, Francesco Caracciolo, Francesco Mannelli, Caterina Biagiotti, Claudio Romani, Enrico M. Pogliani, Federico Simonetti, Lorenza Borin, Rosa Fanci, Ilaria Cutini, Giovanni Longo, Maria Chiara Susini, Emanuele Angelucci, Alberto Bosi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Clofarabine has been shown to be effective in AML patients, either as single agent or, mainly, in association with intermediate dose cytarabine. Based on these reports, we conducted a preliminary study combining clofarabine and intermediate dose cytarabine in AML patients who relapsed or failed to respond to at least two induction therapies. We treated 47 patients affected by relapsed/refractory AML with a regimen including clofarabine at 22.5 mg/m(2) daily on days 1-5, followed after 3 hr by cytarabine at 1 g/m(2) daily on days 1-5. Ten patients received a further consolidation cycle with clofarabine at 22.5 mg/m(2) and cytarabine at 1 g/m(2) day 1-4. Among the 47 patients, 24/47 (51%) achieved a complete remission, 5/47 (10.5%) a partial response, 10/47 (21%) had a resistant disease, and 6/47 (13%) died of complications during the aplastic phase. The most frequent nonhematologic adverse events were vomiting, diarrhea, transient liver toxicity, febrile neutropenia, and infections microbiologically documented. Among the 24 patients who obtained a CR 13 underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In 14 patients, complete remission duration was shorter than 12 months, whereas 10 patients experienced longer complete remission duration. These very preliminary results suggest that clofarabine-cytarabine regimen is effective in this particularly poor prognosis category of patients, representing a potential "bridge" toward bone marrow transplant procedures. Safety data were consistent with previously reported salvage therapies. Further studies and a longer follow up are warranted.
Adipocyte-derived endotrophin promotes malignant tumor progression
Authors: Jiyoung Park, Philipp E. Scherer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. Collagen VI (COL6) is highly expressed in adipose tissue, upregulated in the obese state, and enriched in breast cancer lesions and is a stimulator of mammary tumor growth. Here, we have described a cleavage product of the COL6α3 chain, endotrophin (ETP), which serves as the major mediator of the COL6-mediated tumor effects. ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. Moreover, ETP expression was associated with aggressive mammary tumor growth and high metastatic growth. These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells.
R723, a selective JAK2 inhibitor, effectively treats JAK2V617F-induced murine myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Kotaro Shide, Takuro Kameda, Vadim Markovtsov, Haruko K. Shimoda, Elizabeth Tonkin, Shuling Fang, Chian Liu, Marina Gelman, Wayne Lang, Jason Romero, John McLaughlin, Somasekhar Bhamidipati, Jeffrey Clough, Caroline Low, Andrea Reitsma, Stacey Siu, Polly Pine, Gary Park, Allan Torneros, Matt Duan, Rajinder Singh, Donald G. Payan, Takuya Matsunaga, Yasumichi Hitoshi, Kazuya Shimoda
Journal: Blood (2011)
THE SERUMS IN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

<h3>TOXINS IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.</h3> The remedial use of these poisons has practically been abandoned. Inaugurated by Koch, who saw good results in the use of tuberculin in certain cases of lupus, his incomplete investigations were pushed into publicity prematurely by over-sanguine officialism in Germany, and great was the general disappointment and the damage to Koch's well-earned reputation when our hopes vanished. Later, Klebs preconized another form of tuberculin called "antithesine." Much was claimed for this so-called modified form of Koch's original tuberculin, and it was used for a while as a remedy for tuberculosis. It did not add luster to the already high reputation of this scientist, and to-day it is not in general use. Then came Dr. Von Ruck's antithesin. Von Ruck has for a few years published great promises about this agent, which he has named "watery extract" of the products of the bacillus of tuberculosis,
The Evolution of Artificial Heart Valves
Authors: John J. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The first successful totally artificial device to replace a cardiac valve was implanted in the aortic-valve position by Dr. Dwight Harken in March 1960 at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston.1 Shortly thereafter, Dr. Nina Braunwald, at the National Institutes of Health, performed a total mitral-valve replacement with an artificial valve.2 Harken's caged-ball device and Braunwald's flexible-leaflet valve were primitive as compared with today's artificial valves. In the ensuing years, numerous modifications of existing valves were made and ingenious new valves were introduced to address specific deficiencies identified in earlier devices during clinical use. I will briefly summarize the . . .
Abstract 4157: Genetic and dietary complementation in risk for mouse intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Donghai Wang, Karina Peregrina, Elena Dhima, John Mariadason, Leonard H. Augenlicht
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Dietary factors are significant in determining probability for intestinal tumor development even in the presence of strong genetic initiation. For example, a rodent Western-style diet (WD1), modeled to reproduce intake of nutrient risk factors in the human diet associated with sporadic colon cancer, potentiates the formation of intestinal tumors in Apc1638N/+ mice, even when the genetic initiation by Apc is augmented by targeted inactivation of the p21Waf1/cip1 locus. To investigate mechanisms of this synergistic effect, we profiled gene expression along the mouse crypt-villus axis (CVA) using cells isolated as a function of their position along this axis from WT, Apc1638N/+ and p21−/− mice fed control AIN76A diet, and WT mice fed the WD1. Modulation of sequence expression by the WD1 was enriched in the villus compartment, while changes induced by targeting either genetic locus (Apc1638N/+ or p21−/−) were largely in the crypt, where the overlap in altered gene sets was greatest for the genetic models. There was greater overlap among expression changes between Apc1638N/+ and p21−/− mice, than between these genetic mice models and mice fed the WD1, in both the villus and crypt. Paneth cell markers, whose deregulation has been reported in intestinal tumors, were up-regulated in the p21−/− mouse crypt and in WD1 mouse villus. Moreover, there was attenuated expression of secretory cell lineage markers (ie goblet and enteroendocrine cells), but enhanced expression of enterocyte markers, for both the genetic and dietary models. Genes that encode tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes were uniformly decreased in the crypt of both genetic models, with fewer changes in this pathway altered in the WD1 mouse. Gene ontology and biological pathway analysis also showed that Wnt pathway and c-myc target genes were overrepresented in the villus of the WD1 mouse. Supplementation of WD1 with calcium and vitamin D (WD2) reversed aberrantly up-regulated cyclin D1, cyclin D2, defensins and lysozymes in the WD1 villus back to control levels. In summary, complementary changes in cell reprogramming contributed by a western style diet and targeted inactivation of the p21 gene are important in the synergy of these factors in elevating probability of intestinal tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4157.
Abstract 3962: SGN-LIV1A: a development stage antibody drug-conjugate targeting LIV-1 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Django Sussman, Leia M. Smith, Martha E. Anderson, Steve Duniho, Joshua H. Hunter, Heather Kostner, Jamie B. Miyamoto, Albina Nesterova, Lori Westendorf, Heather A. Van Epps, Nancy Whiting, Dennis R. Benjamin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract LIV-1, also known as SLC39A6 or ZIP6, is a member of the zinc transporter family and was first identified as an estrogen-inducible gene in breast cancer derived cell lines. LIV-1, as a downstream target of STAT3, promotes the epithelial to mesenchymal transition that is important in the malignant progression to metastasis. Consistent with its role in cancer, we determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis that LIV-1 is expressed in subtypes of metastatic breast cancers (ER+/HER2-, HER2+ and triple negative). In healthy human tissues, LIV-1 expression is limited to four hormonally-regulated organs. The broad expression of LIV-1 in metastatic breast cancer in combination with the limited expression in vital organs makes LIV-1 an excellent target for an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). SGN-LIV1A is an ADC consisting of a humanized anti-LIV-1 mAb conjugated to the microtubule-disrupting agent, monomethyl auristatin E, via a protease-cleavable linker. In vitro, SGN-LIV1A shows target specific internalization and cytotoxic activity against a breast cancer cell line. In vivo studies also demonstrate antitumor activity of SGN-LIV1A in preclinical xenograft models with significant delay of tumor growth compared to control groups. These findings support further evaluation and development of SGN-LIVA as a therapeutic for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Citation Format: Django Sussman, Leia M. Smith, Martha E. Anderson, Steve Duniho, Joshua H. Hunter, Heather Kostner, Jamie B. Miyamoto, Albina Nesterova, Lori Westendorf, Heather A. Van Epps, Nancy Whiting, Dennis R. Benjamin. SGN-LIV1A: a development stage antibody drug-conjugate targeting LIV-1 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3962. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3962
A Trypanosoma cruzi membrane protein shares an epitope with a lymphocyte activation antigen and induces crossreactive antibodies.
Authors: C Hernández-Munaín, J L De Diego, A Alcina, M Fresno
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Chagas' disease results from the infection of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and affects several million people in South America. Several alterations of the immune response have been described in this disease, such as severe immunosuppression of both cellular and humoral responses and massive polyclonal stimulation with the generation of autoantibodies crossreacting with host cells and tissues. We have obtained monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from T. cruzi-infected mice that recognized a 50/55-kD antigen (GP50/55) on the T. cruzi membrane, but not in other parasites of the family Trypanosomatidae. One of these GP50/55-specific mAbs (C10) crossreacts with a 28-kD antigen (p28) expressed on the membrane of greater than 85% of activated mouse T and B lymphocytes, after in vitro activation with concanavalin A, Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide, phorbol dibutyrate ester, or antigen, and on several murine T and B lymphocyte cell lines. Human T and B lymphocytes also express upon activation with phytohemagglutinin or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) a similar antigen recognized by mAb C10, although in a lower proportion of cells (30-40%). Furthermore, this mAb was able to suppress mouse and human T and B cell proliferation to any of those stimuli. In addition, sera from chagasic patients and T. cruzi-infected mice, but not from control patients or littermates, contain antibodies that recognize a similar p28 antigen on B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the immunoglobulin fractions of some chagasic sera also suppress the proliferation of human T lymphocytes. These results suggest a possible pathological role of autoantibodies as an alternative mechanism for T. cruzi-associated immunosuppression.
Abstract 3452: N-glycosylation on lung cancer cell-secreted IL-6 prolongs its activation on JAK/STAT pathway
Authors: Chun-Hua Hung, Hsuan-Heng Yeh, Hao-Chen Wang, Chien-Chung Lin, Tsung-Lin Tsai, Wei-Lun Huang, Chuan-Fa Chang, Wu-Chou Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is overexpressed in various cancer cells, intriguingly contributing to both tumor growth and modulating anti-tumor immunity. Cell-type-specific glycosylations on IL-6 have been deduced in early studies; however, the glycosylation pattern and biological function of cancer cell-secreted IL-6 remain unclear. Here, we describe the glycosylation pattern of lung cancer cell-secreted IL-6 and its impact on the activation of JAK/STAT pathway. IL-6 molecules with different molecular weights were detected in the conditional media of IL-6-overexpressed lung cancer cell lines by immunoblot. Because in NetNGlyc 1.0 Server, one possible N-glycosylation site has been predicted at N73 on IL-6, we used treatment of N-glycosylation-specific inhibitors and site-directed mutagenesis on N73 to demonstrate that lung cancer cell-secreted IL-6 is modified by N-glycosylation. To examine which glycotransferases may participate in the modification, we had screened the expression of glycosyltransferases using qPCR and found that the expression of fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), responsible for core fucosylation on N-glycosylated proteins, was higher in lung cancer cells compared to normal bronchial cell. We then reduced core fucosylation on lung cancer cell-secreted IL-6 by silencing FUT8 with shRNA transduction. Subsequently, cells were treated with conditional media containing fully-glycosylated or core fucose-depleted IL-6 to uncover the potential influences on cellular signaling from glycosylation on IL-6. The fully-gycosylated IL-6 induced prolonged STAT3Y705 phosphorylation and distinct gene population compared to core fucose-depleted IL-6. The nuclear retention of STAT3 was concordant with the prolonged STAT3 activation in cells treated with fully-gycosylated IL-6. In paired normal (N) and tumor (T) tissues from lung cancer patients, higher FUT8 mRNA was detected in tumor part than normal part. Besides, we found similar glycosylation pattern in the secreted IL-6 of short-term cultured lung cancer cells derived from malignant pleural effusions. Together, we report the presence of specific IL-6 glycoforms secreted from lung cancer cell lines and lung cancer cells from clinical samples. Moreover, the glycosylation on IL-6 changes its activity on the regulation of JAK/STAT pathway. Citation Format: Chun-Hua Hung, Hsuan-Heng Yeh, Hao-Chen Wang, Chien-Chung Lin, Tsung-Lin Tsai, Wei-Lun Huang, Chuan-Fa Chang, Wu-Chou Su. N-glycosylation on lung cancer cell-secreted IL-6 prolongs its activation on JAK/STAT pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3452. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3452
Alcohol and the NIDDM Patient
Authors: David S Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

Historically, alcohol use by the diabetic patient has been controversial. Recent studies in the general population have shown an improvement in mortality with moderate alcohol intake (one to three drinks per day). This improved mortality is greatest in those individuals who have a higher risk of ischemic heart disease. The mechanisms of the beneficial effects of alcohol include positive effects on insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, platelet aggregation, and fibrinolysis. Since the diabetic patient has an especially high risk of ischemic heart disease because of these factors, the use of a moderate amount of alcohol should not be discouraged. The short-term risks of heavy or continuous alcohol intake include hypoglycemia, glucose intolerance, and ketone and lactate accumulation. In the long term, heavy alcohol intake is associated with an increased prevalence of cancer, hypertension, cirrhosis of the liver, and symptomatic neuropathy. Moderate alcohol intake taken with a meal has been shown to have little or no effect on postprandial glycemic excursions.
Significance of transient ST-T segment changes during dobutamine testing in Q wave myocardial infarction
Authors: Antonella Lombardo, Francesco Loperfido, Faustino Pennestri, Elisabetta Rossi, Roberto Patrizi, Giuseppina Cristinziani, Girolamo Catapano, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Diet and other factors in the aetiology of diverticulosis: an epidemiological study in Greece.
Authors: O Manousos, N E Day, A Tzonou, C Papadimitriou, A Kapetanakis, A Polychronopoulou-Trichopoulou, D Trichopoulos
Journal: Gut (1985)

A case control study exploring the role of diet and other biosocial factors in the aetiology of diverticulosis was undertaken in Athens, Greece, in 1981-1982. One hundred consecutive cases with radiologically confirmed diverticulosis and 110 control patients with fractures or other orthopaedic disorders were submitted to a structured interview, including frequency of consumption of about 80 food items. The main positive findings were, (i) the cases reported significantly less frequent consumption of vegetables, brown bread and, to a lesser extent, potatoes and fruits, and (ii) the cases reported significantly more frequent consumption of meat and, to a lesser extent, milk, and milk products. The difference in risk between those people who frequently consume vegetables but rarely consume meat, and those who rarely consume vegetables and frequently consume meat, was almost 50-fold.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Alexander Farca
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A patient with alveolar proteinosis was treated with intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) using an isotonic sodium chloride solution, heparin sodium, and acetylcysteine. Resolution was demonstrated clinically, radiologically, and by pulmonary function tests. When treatment was discontinued, the disease recurred, but responded again to IPPB used at home. IPPB is recommended for treatment of alveolar proteinosis, since it involves less cost and risk than bronchopulmonary lavage, which has been the treatment of choice.
Atlas of Obstetric Complications.
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This atlas, representing the combined efforts of an obstetric clinician-teacher and a medical artist, presents in drawings and text the concepts which the senior author has developed through 50 years of clinical experience. Anatomy and physiology are emphasized as a basis for clinical management. Most of the illustrations have been taken from scientific exhibits on maternal and infant health shown by the authors during the past 25 years and therefore will be familiar to physicians who have seen the exhibits at the meetings of the American Medical Association, the Illinois State Medical Society, and obstetrical and gynecologic organizations. Much thought and effort have gone into the preparation of both illustrations and text. The large, clear figures are well drawn, the text accompanying them is pertinent, color has been lavishly used, and the employment of sepia instead of black ink gives the book a warm and pleasing aspect. The atlas encompasses