tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
328 Comparison of 48 or 72 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®) in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with HCV genotype 1
Authors: T BERG, M VONWAGNER, H HINRICHSEN, T HEINTGES, P BUGGISCH, T GOESER, J RASENACK, G PAPE, W SCHMIDT, B KALLINOWSKI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Chemical liver carcinogenesis: monitoring of the process by flow cytometric DNA measurements.
Authors: V Digernes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The carcinogenic process in the liver was monitored from early nonneoplastic changes to the development of tumors in two well-known models; IP administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to newborn mice, and feeding of rats with acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Liver parenchyma cells and liver tumor cells were isolated by collagenase treatment and prepared for flow cytometric (FCM) measurements of nuclear DNA content. The changes observed were correlated to morphology and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The early preneoplastic changes in hepatocytes from DMN-treated mice were shifts in the DNA content to classes of higher nuclear ploidies. AAF-feeding of rats caused gradual distortion of the DNA content of nuclei from parenchymal cells. After 16 weeks of exposure, before any tumors were seen, a majority of the nuclei displayed an aneuploid DNA content. The significance of these changes in the carcinogenic process is discussed, and a possible use of these models for detection of hepatotropic agents and agents causing aneuploidy (clastogens and turbagens) is proposed. The liver neoplasias (adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas) induced by these models contained tumor stemlines with diploid DNA content, and some hepatocellular carcinomas showed aneuploidy. Nodules of hyperplasia contained diploid and tetraploid stemline.
A TEN YEAR OLD STRAIN OF FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A strain of fibroblasts, obtained from the heart of a chick embryo on January 17, 1912, has completed the tenth year of its life in vitro. On April 19, 1922, our incubators contained about 60 cultures which represented the 1906th generation of the connective tissue cells. Their growth is as rapid as during the past years, each fragment generally doubling its volume in 48 hours. In 10 years, more than 30,000 cultures have been derived from a fragment of heart less than 1 cubic millimeter in size. This demonstrates first, that the cells transform the food stuffs in their medium into protoplasm. Second, under the conditions of the experiments, the cells are no longer subject to the influence of time, as they are when living within the organism, and demonstrate that they are potentially immortal. The cells have now exceeded the average life of chickens, which disposes of criticisms on this point.Pure cultures of cells are important in studying biological problems. The strain responds readily to changes in the...
Denying the wolf access to sheep’s clothing
Authors: Theo Heller, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease for which no effective therapy is currently available. Previous research has demonstrated that prenylation of the large HDV antigen is essential for viral assembly. A new report describes a novel small animal model for HDV replication and demonstrates that prenylation inhibitors are highly effective at clearing viremia and thus have potential relevance for the treatment of chronic delta hepatitis.
Adaptation and cross-cultural validation of the rheumatoid arthritis work instability scale (RA-WIS)
Authors: G Gilworth, P Emery, L Gossec, T P M Vliet Vlieland, F C Breedveld, A J Hueber, G Schett, A Tennant
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> Despite recent advances, work disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains common. Work disability is frequently preceded by a period of work instability characterised by a mismatch between an individual's functional abilities and job demands. This could raise the risk of work disability if not resolved. A work instability scale for RA (RA–WIS) has previously been developed to screen for this risk. The objective of this study was the adaptation of this scale into French, Dutch and German. <h3>Method:</h3> Different language versions of the RA–WIS were produced through a process of forward and back translations. The new scales were tested for face validity. English data from the original developmental study was pooled with data generated through postal surveys in each country. The internal construct and cross-cultural validity of the new scales were assessed using Rasch analysis, including differential item functioning (DIF) by culture. <h3>Results:</h3> The pooled data showed good fit to the Rasch model and demonstrated strict unidimensionality. DIF was found to be present for six items, but these appeared both to cancel out at the test level and have only a marginal effect on the test score itself. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The RA–WIS was shown to be robust to adaptation into different languages. Data fitted Rasch model expectations and strict tests of unidimensionality. This project and the continuing work on further cross-cultural adaptations have the potential to help ensure clinicians across Europe are able to support RA patients to achieve their potential in work through early identification of those most at risk.
Anaemia and Surgery
Authors: J. N. Lunn, P. C. Elwood
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In 1,584 patients who had received an anaesthetic the association was examined between circulating haemoglobin level and the postoperative course (length of hospital stay, the occurrence of a complication, and death). In men a significant association (P<0.05) was found for each index, but in women this was present only for death.It is suggested that the hypothesis which best explains the associations, and is consistent with further analyses of the data, is that the preoperative haemoglobin level reflects the severity of the underlying condition which has necessitated surgery. A randomized clinical trial would test the alternative hypothesis that anaemia constitutes an additional risk in surgical procedures.
Predictive factors in ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients with primary biliary Cirrhosis: Role of serum markers of connective tissue
Authors: Renée E. Poupon, Beverley Balkau, Jérôme Guéchot, François Heintzmann
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The aim of this study was to define factors predictive of the onset of the terminal phase, defined by hyperbilirubinemia or the occurrence of a severe clinical complication, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. The 97 primary biliary cirrhosis patients in this study participated in a 2-yr clinical trial. Four of the 49 patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (13 to 15 mg/kg/day) entered the terminal phase of the disease, compared with 9 of the 48 patients assigned to placebo. In addition to clinical, conventional biological and histological parameters, we analyzed three serum markers of connective tissue components-type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide, hyaluronic acid and laminin. In the ursodeoxycholic acid-treated group, hyaluronic acid, type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide, bilirubin and splenomegaly were the factors most closely associated with entry into the terminal phase of the disease. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, the hyaluronic acid level was the only predictive factor. In the placebo-treated group, the bilirubin level, total bile acid level, Mayo score, type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide, hyaluronic acid, splenomegaly and pruritus were associated with aggravation of disease. In multivariate analysis, high bilirubin level, high type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide or hyaluronic acid levels and low prothrombin time independently implied poor prognosis. In conclusion, when patients with primary biliary cirrhosis are treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, bilirubinemia loses, in part, its predictive value. It is replaced by hyaluronic acid and type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide. This suggests that models used in deciding on the need for liver transplantation require adaptation for patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid. (Hepatology 1994;19:635-640).
p53 Status Splits Triple-Negative Breast Cancers in Subgroups with Distinct Predictive and Prognostic Potential Value.
Authors: S. Alberti, F. Ambrogi, M. Pedriali, M. Piantelli, P. Querzoli, I. Nenci, I. Ellis, P. Boracchi, D. Coradini, E. Biganzoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancers largely encompass basal-like breast cancers, which demonstrate an aggressive clinical behaviour and poor prognosis. However, triple-negatives also include normal breast-like cancers, as identified by gene expression profiling, which have a better prognosis than basal-like cancers, but do not respond as well to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thus, a clear-cut distinction between the two subgroups is urgently needed. p53 is heterogeneously expressed in triple-negative cases, suggesting association to subgroups with diverse biological profiles. Hence, we comparatively analyzed p53 expression in triple-negative breast cancers from two independent case series.Material and Methods: Two independent breast tumor case series (633 cases from Ferrara University, Italy and 1076 cases from Nottingham University, UK) were analysed. Applying non-hierarchical algorithms, we have previously identified four breast tumor clusters, that possess markedly different prognosis: cluster [1], characterized by high values of ER/PR (good prognosis); cluster [2], with intermediate / heterogeneous ER/PR values (good prognosis); cluster [3], with low-to-nil ER (bad prognosis) and cluster [4] with low-to-nil PR and high HER2 values (bad prognosis) (Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:781-90). p53 expression in triple-negative cases belonging to the different clusters was analyzed.Results: p53 protein expression sharply subdivided the triple-negative Ferrara cases into two distinct subsets, that were tightly associated to clusters [2] or [3], respectively. Low-to-nil p53 levels were only observed in cluster [2] while overexpression of p53 was only seen in cluster [3].The triple-negative tumors of the Nottingham dataset were comparatively evaluated. Consistently with the data of the Ferrara case series, p53 similarly split this case series in p53-overexpressing and p53 low-to-nil triple-negative cases. p53 expression was associated with shorter relapse-free (Figure 2) and overall survival.Discussion: Our findings indicate that p53 expression can split triple negative breast cancers into sharply distinct subgroups, with critically different prognosis and prediction of drug response potential. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2018.
Doctors call for end to unsafe shift system
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The plant kingdom contains a stunning array of complex morphologies easily observed above ground, but largely unexplored below-ground. Understanding the magnitude of diversity in root distribution within the soil, termed root system architecture (RSA), is fundamental to determining how this trait contributes to species adaptation in local environments. Roots are the interface between the soil environment and the shoot system and therefore play a key role in anchorage, resource uptake, and stress resilience. Previously, we presented the GLO-Roots (Growth and Luminescence Observatory for Roots) system to study the RSA of soil-grown <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants from germination to maturity (Rellán-Álvarez et al. 2015). In this study, we present the automation of GLO-Roots using robotics and the development of image analysis pipelines in order to examine the natural variation of RSA in Arabidopsis over time. This dataset describes the developmental dynamics of 93 accessions and reveals highly complex and polygenic RSA traits that show significant correlation with climate variables.
Permanent Cardiovascular Protection From Hypertension by the AT <sub>1</sub> Receptor Antisense Gene Therapy in Hypertensive Rat Offspring
Authors: Phyllis Y. Reaves, Craig H. Gelband, Hongwei Wang, Hong Yang, Di Lu, Kathleen H. Berecek, Michael J. Katovich, Mohan K. Raizada
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Our previous studies have demonstrated that the introduction of angiotensin II type I receptor antisense (AT 1 R-AS) cDNA by a retrovirally mediated delivery system prevents the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), an animal model for primary hypertension in humans. These results have led us to propose the hypothesis that an interruption of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity at a genetic level would prevent hypertension on a permanent basis. F 1 and F 2 generations of offspring from a retroviral vector, LNSV- and LNSV-AT 1 R-AS–treated SHR, were generated, and various physiological parameters indicative of hypertension were studied and compared with those of their parents to investigate this hypothesis. Both F 1 and F 2 generations of LNSV-AT 1 R-AS–treated SHR expressed a persistently lower blood pressure, decreased cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, decreased medial thickness, and normalization of renal artery excitation-contraction coupling, Ca 2+ current, and [Ca 2+ ] i when compared with offspring derived from the LNSV-treated SHR. In fact, the magnitude of the prevention of these pathophysiological alterations was similar to that observed in the LNSV-AT 1 R-AS–treated SHR parent. The prevention of cardiovascular pathophysiology and expression of normotensive phenotypes are, at least in part, a result of integration and subsequent transmission of AT 1 R-AS from the SHR parents to offspring. These data demonstrate that a single intracardiac injection of LNSV-AT 1 R-AS causes a permanent cardiovascular protection against hypertension as a result of a genomic integration and germ line transmission of the AT 1 R-AS in the SHR offspring. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Asthma and Pregnancy
Authors: Allan M. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

FACTORS that precipitate asthmatic attacks are complex,<sup>1</sup>and there are conflicting views regarding the reciprocal effects of asthma and pregnancy. Since the incidence of asthma in pregnancy is 0.4% to 1.3%,<sup>2,3</sup>the association is of concern to physicians who must counsel asthmatic women who are or wish to become pregnant. After reviewing the literature on the coexisting asthma and pregnancy, we suggest a rational approach toward optimal management of asthma in a pregnant patient. <h3>PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY</h3><h3>Oxygenation of the Fetus</h3> The uteroplacental circulation is a low-pressure, highly vascular system developed by the 12th week. It acts as an arteriovenous shunt and decreases total systemic circulatory resistance. Maternal response is an increased cardiac output. Uterine blood flow increases to 20% of the cardiac output at the 26th to 30th week of pregnancy. There is a drop in Po<sub>2</sub>across the placenta, and the fetus normally thrives in relative
Bisphenol A Exposure and Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Excised Rat Hearts
Authors: Nikki Gillum Posnack, Rafael Jaimes, Huda Asfour, Luther M. Swift, Anastasia M. Wengrowski, Narine Sarvazyan, Matthew W. Kay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins that are widely used in everyday products, such as food and beverage containers, toys, and medical devices. Human biomonitoring studies have suggested that a large proportion of the population may be exposed to BPA. Recent epidemiological studies have reported correlations between increased urinary BPA concentrations and cardiovascular disease, yet the direct effects of BPA on the heart are unknown.The goal of our study was to measure the effect of BPA (0.1-100 μM) on cardiac impulse propagation ex vivo using excised whole hearts from adult female rats.We measured atrial and ventricular activation times during sinus and paced rhythms using epicardial electrodes and optical mapping of transmembrane potential in excised rat hearts exposed to BPA via perfusate media. Atrioventricular activation intervals and epicardial conduction velocities were computed using recorded activation times.Cardiac BPA exposure resulted in prolonged PR segment and decreased epicardial conduction velocity (0.1-100 μM BPA), prolonged action potential duration (1-100 μM BPA), and delayed atrioventricular conduction (10-100 μM BPA). These effects were observed after acute exposure (≤ 15 min), underscoring the potential detrimental effects of continuous BPA exposure. The highest BPA concentration used (100 μM) resulted in prolonged QRS intervals and dropped ventricular beats, and eventually resulted in complete heart block.Our results show that acute BPA exposure slowed electrical conduction in excised hearts from female rats. These findings emphasize the importance of examining BPA's effect on heart electrophysiology and determining whether chronic in vivo exposure can cause or exacerbate conduction abnormalities in patients with preexisting heart conditions and in other high-risk populations.
OX40 agonist immunotherapy expands tumor reactive CD8 T cells with a unique T cell receptor repertoire and synergizes with PDL-1 blockade to promote tumor regression
Authors: Amy Moran, Fanny Polesso, Andrew Weinberg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Previously, the field of tumor immunology has relied on T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice and model tumor antigens to study the T cell:tumor cell interaction. However, these models have limitations. Namely, they do not reflect the natural affinity, repertoire, or precursor
Notes From the Inner Territories
Authors: Mary I. Woodell
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tyrosine phosphorylation in the human duodenum.
Authors: D Kelleher, A Murphy, O Sheils, A Long, J McDevitt
Journal: Gut (1995)

Many growth factor receptors including the epidermal growth factor receptor function through tyrosine kinase activity. The aim of this study was to examine the constitutive level of tyrosine phosphorylation in the normal duodenum and in the hyperproliferative coeliac duodenum. A flow cytometric assay was devised using monoclonal antibody to phosphorylated (but not native) tyrosine residues to determine the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in both CD3 positive intraepithelial lymphocytes and CD3 negative epithelial cells obtained by EDTA treatment of endoscopically obtained duodenal biopsy specimens. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on 18 formalin fixed coeliac duodenal biopsy specimens and eight control specimens. Tyrosine phosphorylation could be detected by flow cytometry on duodenal enterocytes and this expression was up regulated by pretreatment with epidermal growth factor. Tyrosine phosphorylation decreased with progression from the villus to the crypt, however, and was virtually undetectable on crypt enterocytes. Immunohistochemistry of the coeliac duodenum showed virtually absent tyrosine phosphorylation in the crypt. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation was detected in the infiltrating T cells. In conclusion, tyrosine phosphorylation in the duodenum is confined to the non-proliferative villous epithelium and is virtually undetectable in the proliferative crypt compartment. These findings suggest that tyrosine kinase activity is not a significant factor in the regulation of crypt cell proliferation in the human duodenum either in normal subjects or in coeliac disease patients.
Abstract 3998: Development of angiogenesis and cancer cell invasion assays in microfluidic flow cells for use with real-time microscopy
Authors: Carolyn G. Conant, Michael Schwartz, Cristian Ionescu- Zanetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer progression from primary malignancy to metastatic disease is critical to development of successful treatments. Cell invasion from the primary tumor and tumor-induced angiogenesis are just two of many phenomena contributing to the pathology of metastatic disease. Both biological processes involve migration and transmigration of cells in response to chemoattractants. In vitro analysis of these phenomena typically involves deposition of a basement membrane derived matrix (Matrigel) in a transwell plate insert. This allows quantitation of either invasion or angiogenesis, but the inserts can be cumbersome to process. Here, we demonstrate a microfluidic based method to follow angiogenesis or cell invasion in real time. The method enables acquisition of high content data by microscopy using microfluidic flow cells which are optimized for imaging. The channels were filled with matrix in one half of the channel while the other half was maintained in the fluid phase. Using this technique, we tested endothelial cell response to VEGF and fumagilin. It was shown that VEGF impregnated in the matrix promoted angiogenesis while fumagilin abrogated the effect. We also investigated invasion of serum starved HT1080 and MCF-7 cells into FBS containing matrix and found that as predicted only HT1080 cells successfully invaded the matrix. Using these experimental conditions, the method is amenable to screening many cell-types or many simultaneous conditions or compounds by microscopy in the solid or liquid matrix of a microfluidic channel. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3998.
William Harvey, A Conventional Medical Revolutionary
Authors: Jerome J. Bylebyl
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN 1637, Raffaello Magiotti, a priest and scientist, wrote from Rome to Florence to inform his friends, including the aged Galileo, of a physiological discovery about which he had recently learned. He concluded: This is the circulation which the blood traverses within us. It has been observed in our time, and will suffice to revolutionize all of medicine, just as the invention of the telescope has done for astronomy, the compass has done for commerce, and artillery has done for the whole military art. Two points are particularly striking: that Magiotti should expect the knowledge of the circulation to have such a profound impact on medicine, and that he should compare it to a series of concrete technological devices. In his view, the circulation is not some abstract theory, but a fact that one can observe almost as one can see a telescope, a compass, or a cannon. How did