tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of chemotherapy before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling donor for myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: K Nakai, Y Kanda, S Fukuhara, H Sakamaki, S Okamoto, Y Kodera, R Tanosaki, S Takahashi, T Matsushima, Y Atsuta, N Hamajima, M Kasai, S Kato
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Contamination of disinfectants.
Authors: N. A. Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICALJOURNwomen who received daily doses of corticosteroids equivalent to 2-30 mg. of predni- sone that there was no correlation between corticosteroid dosage and urinary oestrogen excretion.It seems a little unwise, therefore, to argue, on the basis of a single estimation, that the reduction of the dose of corticosteroid in Dr. Driscoll's patient was responsible for the rise of the oestriol excretion to a normal value.What does the associated fall in preg- nanediol excretion reflect ?We would suggest that a controlled study of the many aspects of corticosteroid therapy in pregnancy is necessary and that in the meantime it would be wrong to read too much into reports of isolated cases.-Weare, etc.,
Air Pollution and Childhood Respiratory Allergies in the United States
Authors: Jennifer D. Parker, Lara J. Akinbami, Tracey J. Woodruff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundChildhood respiratory allergies, which contribute to missed school days and other activity limitations, have increased in recent years, possibly due to environmental factors.ObjectiveIn this study we examined whether air pollutants are associated with childhood respiratory allergies in the United States.MethodsFor the approximately 70,000 children from the 1999–2005 National Health Interview Survey eligible for this study, we assigned between 40,000 and 60,000 ambient pollution monitoring data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, depending on the pollutant. We used monitors within 20 miles of the child's residential block group. We used logistic regression models, fit with methods for complex surveys, to examine the associations between the reporting of respiratory allergy or hay fever and annual average exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), PM ≤ 10 μm in diameter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide and summer exposure to ozone, controlling for demographic and geographic factors.ResultsIncreased respiratory allergy/hay fever was associated with increased summer O3 levels [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) per 10 ppb = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.26] and increased PM2.5 (AOR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10–1.38). These associations persisted after stratification by urban–rural status, inclusion of multiple pollutants, and definition of exposures by differing exposure radii. No associations between the other pollutants and the reporting respiratory allergy/hay fever were apparent.ConclusionsThese results provide evidence of adverse health for children living in areas with chronic exposure to higher levels of O3 and PM2.5 compared with children with lower exposures.
Total Contact Casting of the Diabetic Foot in Daily Practice
Authors: Marrigje H. Nabuurs-Franssen, Ron Sleegers, Maya SP Huijberts, Wiel Wijnen, Antal P. Sanders, Geert Walenkamp, Nicolaas C. Schaper
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE— A limited number of clinical trials have shown that the total contact cast (TCC) is an effective treatment in neuropathic, noninfected, and nonischemic foot ulcers. In this prospective data collection study, we assessed outcome and complications of TCC treatment in neuropathic patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or (superficial) infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Ninety-eight consecutive patients selected for casting were followed until healing; all had polyneuropathy, 44% had PAD, and 29% had infection. Primary outcomes were percentage healed with a cast, time to heal, and number of complications. RESULTS— Ninety percent of all nonischemic ulcers without infection and 87% with infection healed in the cast (NS). In patients with PAD but without critical limb ischemia, 69% of the ulcers without infection and 36% with infection healed (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In multivariate analyses, PAD, infection, and heel ulcers were associated with a lower percentage healed (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Median duration of cast treatment was 34 days. New ulcers, all superfical, developed in 9% and preulcerative lesions in 28% of the patients; these skin lesions healed in the cast within a maximum of 13 days. CONCLUSIONS— In comparison to pure neuropathic ulcers, ulcers with moderate ischemia or infection can be treated effectively with casting. However, when both PAD and infection are present or the patient has a heel ulcer, outcome is poor and alternative strategies should be sought. The high rate of preulcerative lesions stresses the importance of close monitoring during TCC treatment.
Chronic Obstructive Pseudoemphysema
Authors: Clive M. Prowse, Job E. Fuchs, Seymour A. Kaufman, Edward A. Gaensler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

TEN years have elapsed since Swyer and James1 and Macleod2 described an unusual form of hyperlucency of one lung that appeared to be due to collapse of smaller airways on expiration, with distal air trapping. Most subsequent reports and reviews have stemmed from the British Isles and the Continent,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 whereas reported cases from America have been few.11 12 13 This discrepancy may be of epidemiologic significance or may reflect a failure to recognize the condition and to investigate further. The disease is rare enough to allow for further documentation of a case.Case ReportA 17-year-old male student was found to have . . .
Unusual presentation of pseudomonas infection.
Authors: M. J. Weinbren, G. Forgeson, G. Helenglass, B. Jameson, R. Powles
Journal: BMJ (1988)

3 observations: malades atteints de neutropenie (au cours de l'evolution d'une leucemie), presentant une infection par Pseudomonas avec ulcerations de la bouche et du pharynx, cellulite de la face, septicemie
UNILATERAL ASCENDING PARALYSIS AND UNILATERAL DESCENDING PARALYSIS.THEIR CLINICAL VARIETIES AND THEIR PATHOLOGIC CAUSES.
Authors: CHARLES. K. MILLS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

said that he has been a sufferer from psoriasis for 18 years, and has tried prac- tically everything in the line of treatment both internal and external, the ay-rays alone excepted.He is firmly convinced that psoriasis is not of parasitic or microbic origin, but is a cutaneous manifestation, due to faulty metabolism, in fact a sort of autointoxication.In sections of most recent psoriatic
GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE: ORATION IN SURGERY, DELIVERED AT THE FIFTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, HELD AT ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., JUNE 5-8, 1900.
Authors: WILLIAM L. RODMAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Permit me in the first place to express my profoundest gratitude to theAssociationfor the distinguished honor conferred in placing the surgical oration for 1900 in my hands. It is with more than diffidence that I approach so great a responsibility, being keenly alive to my own shortcomings, and having for the nonce a quickened memory of the brilliant addresses made on former occasions by many of my illustrious predecessors. Instead of reviewing the advances made in the entire field of surgery during the past year—a task which could, at best, be only cursorily done in the time that I feel warranted in occupying, I have chosen to consider the subject of hemorrhage from the stomach in its several phases, as being more likely to interest a mixed audience, such as we have, comprising specialists, general practitioners and surgeons. Furthermore, the lack of attention given the subject justifies the
Mutant Mice and Neuroscience: Recommendations Concerning Genetic Background
Authors: Alcino J. Silva, Elizabeth M. Simpson, Joseph S. Takahashi, Hans-Peter Lipp, Shigetada Nakanishi, Jeanne M. Wehner, Karl P. Giese, Tim Tully, Ted Abel, Paul F. Chapman, Kevin Fox, Seth Grant, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Richard Lathe, Mark Mayford, James O. McNamara, Roger J. Morris, Marina Picciotto, John Roder, Hee-Sup Shin, Paul A. Slesinger, Daniel R. Storm, Michael P. Stryker, Susumu Tonegawa, Yanyan Wang, David P. Wolfer
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Will the "Secular Priests" of Bioethics Work Among the Sinners?
Authors: Chris MacDonald
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

In this paper I explore briefly the "secular priesthood" metaphor often applied to bioethicists. I next ask: if, despite our discomfort with the metaphor, we were to embrace the best aspects of the priesthood(s)--which I identify as the missionaries' willingness to work among sinners and lepers, at their own peril--would we be able to live up to that standard of bravery? I then draw a parallel with the fears of contagion currently be voiced (by Carl Elliott and others), with regard to bioethicists working in or near coporate settings. I argue that such fears may themselves have a number of deleterious effects, and I suggest several possible positive steps in response to that fear.
Repeat infusions of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction and early recurrent myocardial ischemia
Authors: Gabriel I. Barbash, Hanoch Hod, Arie Roth, Hedy E. Faibel, Yury Mandel, Hilton I. Miller, Shemuel Rath, Yedahel Har Zahav, Babeth Rabinowitz, Uri Seligsohn, Benny Pelled, Zwi Schlesinger, Michael Motro, Shlomo Laniado, Elieser Kaplinsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Complexity of Prefrontal Cortical Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: More Than Up or Down
Authors: Joseph H. Callicott, Venkata S. Mattay, Beth A. Verchinski, Stefano Marenco, Michael F. Egan, Daniel R. Weinberger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Numerous neuroimaging studies have examined the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia; although abnormalities usually are identified, it is unclear why some studies find too little activation and others too much. The authors' goal was to explore this phenomenon.They used the N-back working memory task and functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T to examine a group of 14 patients with schizophrenia and a matched comparison group of 14 healthy subjects.Patients' performance was significantly worse on the two-back working memory task than that of healthy subjects. However, there were areas within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the patients that were more active and areas that were less active than those of the healthy subjects. When the groups were subdivided on the basis of performance on the working memory task into healthy subjects and patients with high or low performance, locales of greater prefrontal activation and locales of less activation were found in the high-performing patients but only locales of underactivation were found in the low-performing patients.These findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia whose performance on the N-back working memory task is similar to that of healthy comparison subjects use greater prefrontal resources but achieve lower accuracy (i.e., inefficiency) and that other patients with schizophrenia fail to sustain the prefrontal network that processes the information, achieving even lower accuracy as a result. These findings add to other evidence that abnormalities of prefrontal cortical function in schizophrenia are not reducible to simply too much or too little activity but, rather, reflect a compromised neural strategy for handling information mediated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Preoperative Sub–Tenon’s Capsule Injection of Ropivacaine in Conjunction with General Anesthesia in Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Louise Bergman, Ingrid Bäckmark, Håkon Ones, Christopher von Euler, Göran Olivestedt, Anders Kvanta, Björn Stéen, Stefan Seregard, Bo Nilsson, Lennart Berglin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Laparoscopic Diagnosis of Tuberculous Ascites
Authors: C. Rodriguez de Lope, G. San Miguel Joglar, F. Pons Romero
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

We report 14 patients with tuberculous peritonitis presenting as persistent and exudative ascites. We found a primary site of tuberculous infection in only 10% of the patients. PPD test was positive in 9 patients. Ascitic fluid showed a protein content in excess of 3.5 g/dl. and more than 300 cells/mm3, mainly lymphocytes, in all patients, Ziehl stain and the culture for Tb. bacilli were negative in all cases. The confirmatory diagnosis was made by laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy. Good views were obtained on all occasions, and there was no morbidity. Appearances were similar in all cases. Multiple white tubercles were scattered over the parietal and visceral peritoneum. filmy adhesions were present. Four patients had cirrhotic liver disease confirmed by laparoscopy. The biopsy specimen showed caseating granulomata, and the auramine stain was positive in four cases. We conclude that laparoscopy and biopsy is a safe and effective method of obtaining an early diagnosis in patients with tuberculous ascites, especially if they also have cirrhosis.
Sublingual Administration of Methyl Testosterone
Authors: A. W. Spence
Journal: BMJ (1942)

changes in this case have been progressive.On these grounds I think we should accept them as being of independent origin.The low value for serum calcium is probably to be regarded as a normal finding in uraemia: it will be remembered that tetany due to hypocalcaemia is one of the causes of convulsive phenomena in this condition.Hence there is no real justifica- tion for postulating endocrine disorder (e.g., parathyroid defi- ciency) to explain the calcium deposit in the intervertebral disks. SummaryA case is described of generalized calcification of the inter- vertebral disks.This condition is diagnosed as the final phase of Schmorl's' "spondylosis deformans "-itself considered to be a true osteo- arthritis of the spine.An attempt is made to evaluate other factors in a complex clinico-pathological picture.
The Ever-Evolving Concept of Clinical Significance and the Potential for Sins of Omission in Genetic Research
Authors: Gregory Costain, Anne S. Bassett
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments Thanks to our colleague at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, bioethicist Barbara Russell, for bring the article by Chan and colleagues to our attention.
Autoantibodies in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A. R. McGiven, T. Ghose, R. C. Nairn
Journal: BMJ (1967)

A detailed clinical analysis and investigation of 57 patients who had an iliofemoral thrombosis, or " white leg," is presented.The main aetiological factor in these cases is shown to be a compression stenosis of the left common iliac vein by the over- riding right common iliac artery.This not only precipitates the thrombosis in the first place but prevents adequate recanalization at this point, thus account- ing for the chronic iliac vein obstruction which develops in these cases.Other less common varieties of iliac vein compression are described.Evidence for this view is presented from phlebography of the iliac veins, from measurements of venous pressure in these cases, from anatomical studies, and from operative experience.The symptom of venous claudication, which is highly typical of this group of cases, is described.The name " iliac compression syndrome " is suggested, to embrace both the acute and the chronic phase of the disease.
Management of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: E. J Parry, R. M Mackie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

vasodilatation induced by prostaglandin, just as readily as it fits with the use of trimethoprim.Once the patient was well again, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs would not be expected to cause problems, and thus rechallenge with the drug would be of no discriminatory value in this case.It seems unnecessary to propose an unusual effect of trimethoprim when the case is readily explained by the known and commonly observed effects ofnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, C A O'CALLAGHAN Renal Unit, Guy's Hospital, London SEl 9RT
Genetic predisposition to the metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Role of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 in the glucuronidation of its active metabolite (SN-38) in human liver microsomes.
Authors: L Iyer, C D King, P F Whitington, M D Green, S K Roy, T R Tephly, B L Coffman, M J Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a promising antitumor agent, recently approved for use in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Its active metabolite, SN-38, is glucuronidated by hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The major dose-limiting toxicity of irinotecan therapy is diarrhea, which is believed to be secondary to the biliary excretion of SN-38, the extent of which is determined by SN-38 glucuronidation. The purpose of this study was to identify the specific isoform of UGT involved in SN-38 glucuronidation. In vitro glucuronidation of SN-38 was screened in hepatic microsomes from normal rats (n = 4), normal humans (n = 25), Gunn rats (n = 3), and patients (n = 4) with Crigler-Najjar type I (CN-I) syndrome. A wide intersubject variability in in vitro SN-38 glucuronide formation rates was found in humans. Gunn rats and CN-I patients lacked SN-38 glucuronidating activity, indicating the role of UGT1 isoform in SN-38 glucuronidation. A significant correlation was observed between SN-38 and bilirubin glucuronidation (r = 0.89; P = 0.001), whereas there was a poor relationship between para-nitrophenol and SN-38 glucuronidation (r = 0.08; P = 0.703). Intact SN-38 glucuronidation was observed only in HK293 cells transfected with the UGT1A1 isozyme. These results demonstrate that UGT1A1 is the isoform responsible for SN-38 glucuronidation. These findings indicate a genetic predisposition to the metabolism of irinotecan, suggesting that patients with low UGT1A1 activity, such as those with Gilbert's syndrome, may be at an increased risk for irinotecan toxicity.
Focus: Westminster: Workshop manual for the NHS
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Next week British MPs on the health select committee will be in Oregon to see health rationing in action. The visit is in pursuit of their inquiry into priorities in the health service. Last week the United States health secretary, Donna Shalala, was in Britain seeing how the NHS works, in her pursuit of American health care reform. They are, all of them, politicians in search of a grand design for universal health care. We shall see the results of their efforts in due course.

Meanwhile, the NHS is entering the fourth year of a grand design that has got beyond the prototype. The 1990 white paper Working for Patients was by way of being the showroom model. The subsequent NHS and Community Care Act 1990 to make the reforms work, was the owner's handbook. And there is also now a workshop manual, …
Myositis Ossificans: A Problem of Terminology-Reply
Authors: Kent M. Samuelson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  Dr Berrol has suggested that the nontraumatic form of ossification seen in the muscles of healthy individuals be classified as heterotopic ossification. While the etiology and pathogenesis of the entity are unknown, the pathogenesis of the classic forms of   is also unclear. We agree that the term  implies inflammation as the cause, yet inflammation has not been shown to be a constant factor even in the other well-established forms of  ossificans. The role of inflammation in this condition has been poorly defined. While the general term myositis ossificans may not be scientifically accurate, it is currently a well-accepted description for ossification occurring within skeletal muscle irrespective of cause. Until the pathogenesis of the various types of   is better understood, we believe that lesions that behave clinically similarly to and have the same histologic and roentgenographic appearance of   should still be
THREE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES WITH SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS FROM J-CYPHER REGISTRY
Authors: Tomohisa Tada, Toshihiro Tamura, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Atsushi Kawamura, Takahito Sone, Hideo Nishikawa, Akira Miura, Yukio Kazatani, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Masanori Nomura, None j-Cypher Registry investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Exon 8 mutation of p53 gene associated with nodal metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: L N Lee, J Y Shew, J C Sheu, Y C Lee, W C Lee, M T Fang, H F Chang, C J Yu, P C Yang, K T Luh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The epidemiologic characteristics of lung cancer in Taiwan differ from those in other parts of the world in low male-to-female ratio, the high percentage of adenocarcinoma, and the relatively high percentage of nonsmokers who are victims. To investigate possible correlation between p53 gene alteration and the unique characteristics of lung cancer here, p53 gene status of 36 patients with primary, resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was studied by directly sequencing the cDNA of the p53 gene, then acquiring clinical and pathologic data to correlate p53 gene status with clinical parameters and pathologic staging. Missense mutations were present in 42% (15 of 36) of patients with NSCLC, including 42% (10 of 24) with adenocarcinomas, and 45% (five of 11) with squamous cell carcinomas. The frequency of p53 mutation was 50% in smokers and 29% in nonsmokers (p = 0.355). The mutation occurred most frequently in exon 8 (56%), and G:C to A:T transitions in non-CpG or CpG sites were the most commonly observed base changes (56%). These findings differ from the high prevalence of G to T transversion found in previous reports. The frequency of metastasis in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes was significantly higher in tumors with p53 mutations. The association with nodal stage was strong for mutations within exon 8, but it was less apparent for mutations in other exons probably because of the small number. This study suggests that p53 gene missense is common in NSCLC in Taiwan, but smoking is probably not the sole contributing factor. More interestingly, p53 gene mutations, especially those in exon 8, may be associated with regional nodal metastasis.
Value of routine chest radiography in an acute geriatric unit.
Authors: M Denham, R Thakker, G de Lacey, L Berman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Les radiographies thoraciques ne devraient pas etre faites systematiquement chez tous les vieillards hospitalises, mais seulement chez ceux qui presentent des symptomes cardiorespiratoires, un etat confusionnel toxique ou des douleurs osseuses thoraciques