tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Epicardial and Endocardial Electroanatomic Mapping in a Porcine Model of Healed Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Vivek Y. Reddy, David Wrobleski, Christopher Houghtaling, Mark E. Josephson, Jeremy N. Ruskin
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Substrate mapping of post-myocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia involves electroanatomic delineation of scarred tissue on the basis of electrogram characteristics during sinus rhythm. A percutaneous transthoracic technique was recently described that allows catheter mapping of the epicardial surface of the heart. This study sought to determine whether the epicardial extent of a myocardial infarct could be defined during sinus rhythm.In a porcine model of healed anterior wall myocardial infarction (n=13 animals), detailed in vivo left ventricular endocardial and ventricular epicardial electroanatomic mapping was performed. Catheter access to the pericardial space was achieved by subxyphoid puncture under fluoroscopic guidance. Bipolar electrogram amplitude and duration characteristics of normal tissue were established on the basis of in vivo epicardial mapping data in 8 additional normal animals. With the use of these criteria, radiofrequency lesions (4 to 11 per animal) were placed along the endocardial and epicardial scar borders as defined by the electroanatomic map. The area of epicardial scar defined by abnormal bipolar voltage correlated well with the dimensions measured on pathological examination. The size and location also correlated well with the scar dimensions defined by electrogram duration criteria. Late potentials were noted in the border zones of both surfaces of the scar. During pathological examination, the radiofrequency lesions were situated at the borders of the epicardial scar.A 3-dimensional construct of the infarcted myocardium can be rendered by combined epicardial and endocardial electroanatomic mapping. This experimental protocol is propaedeutic to future clinical studies incorporating endocardial and epicardial substrate mapping into catheter ablation strategies to treat post-myocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia.
730-5 Why Do Aorto-Ostial Lesions Behave Differently than Non-ostial Lesions? Histologic Findings in Directional Atherectomy Specimens of Aorto-Ostial vs. Non-ostial Lesions
Authors: Mun K. Hong, Christian C. Haudenschild, Alexey Tjurmin, Kenneth M. Kent, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Risky endoscopy for acute aortic dissection with hematemesis
Authors: M. Matsushita, S. Mori, Y. Tahashi, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We read with interest the article by Jutaghokiat et al. [1] on unique endoscopic features of gastroduodenal infarction caused by acute aortic dissection. They encountered a patient with severe acute epigastric pain followed by hematemesis who had high blood pressure, tachypnea, tachycardia, and absent bowel sound. After they had identified elevated serum pancreatic enzyme levels, a wide mediastinum, and small-bowel ileus, emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) suggested gastroduodenal infarction. Emergent computed tomography (CT) confirmed acute aortic dissection with hepatic and gastrointestinal infarction. Although the patient recovered uneventfully after resection of infracted organs and fenestration of abdominal aorta, we believe that EGD was risky in this patient with several signs of acute aortic dissection.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PULMONARY ABSCESS.
Authors: VAN BUREN KNOTT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

As the surgical treatment of pulmonary abscess still presents many difficulties to be overcome and problems for solution, the personal experience of operators in this line of work, even though that experience is limited, will be of assistance in formulating rules for future guidance. No résumé of the literature will be attempted, as several scholarly articles published during the past two years have anticipated and rendered unnecessary such a procedure. Experience has demonstrated that multiple lung abscesses and those accompanied by bronchiectasis are, as a rule, not benefited by operation. Tubercular abscesses and those due to the presence of a foreign body in the lung will not be considered, as they present complications placing them in classes by themselves, and with their surgical treatment I have had no experience. Metastatic and embolic lung abscesses are multiple and not amenable to surgical treatment. This leaves for our consideration those cases of
A 45-Year-Old Woman With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 1 Year Later
Authors: Richard A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk of Nosocomial Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus III (HTLV-III)
Authors: Martin S. Hirsch, Gary P. Wormser, Robert T. Schooley, David D. Ho, Donna Felsenstein, Cyrus C. Hopkins, Carol Joline, Frederick Duncanson, M.G. Sarngadharan, Carl Saxinger, Robert C. Gallo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) is closely linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We evaluated the risk of nosocomial infection with HTLV-III by testing for antibodies to HTLV-III among hospital employees, including victims of needle-stick exposure, endoscopists, pathologists, and laboratory workers. Assays for antibody against the virus were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrophoretic (Western blot) techniques. Although all 22 of our patients with AIDS and 6 of 7 with AIDS-related complex were found to have antibodies to HTLV-III when both assays were employed, none of the 85 employees with nosocomial exposure to specimens from patients with AIDS were positive for HTLV-III antibody. These studies must be regarded as preliminary, but they suggest that when current hospital isolation procedures are employed, the risk of nosocomial transmission of HTLV-III is low.
Abstract S6-3: Four vs 6 Cycles of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide (AC) or Paclitaxel (T) as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer in Women with 0-3 Positive Axillary Nodes: CALGB 40101 — A 2x2 Factorial Phase III Trial: First Results Comparing 4 vs 6 Cycles of Therapy
Authors: LN Shulman, C Cirrincione, DA Berry, HP Becker, E Perez, R O'Regan, S Martino, JN Atkins, C Hudis, E Winer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Four cycles of chemotherapy are frequently used as standard adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with low-risk primary breast cancer, though other regimens such as CAF, CMF, and TAC frequently are given for 6 cycles. Using a phase 3 factorial design we attempted to define whether 6 cycles of one chemotherapy regimen are superior to 4 cycles in patients with low-risk primary breast cancer. We also sought to determine if T would be equally efficacious as compared to AC, with reduced toxicity. Methods: The study enrolled women with operable breast cancer and 0-3 positive nodes. Study stratifiers were ER/PgR, HER2, and menopausal status. When the study was activated in May 2002, AC (60 and 600 mg/m2) was administered every 3 wks for 4 or 6 cycles, and T (80mg/m2) weekly for 12 or 18 wks. In 2003 (after 570 enrolled patients) treatment schedule was changed to every 2 wks for both AC and T (175 mg/m2), each given for 4 or 6 cycles. In 2008 accrual to the 6-cycle regimens was permanently closed due to slow accrual, with 3173 patients enrolled. The primary endpoint for this comparison was the superiority of 6 vs 4 cycles in relapse-free survival (RFS). The study was powered to have 567 RFS events. Data comparing AC with T are not yet available. Results: This report describes the impact of treatment duration and includes the 3173 patients randomized to 6- versus 4-cycles of chemotherapy, 93% of whom had node-negative disease. At a median follow-up of 4.6 years (2.5 - 8 yrs), the number of RFS events is 288 (with 138 on 4 cycles vs 150 on 6 cycles). The 4-yr RFS was 91.6% and 91.8% for 6 and 4 cycles, respectively. The Hazard Ratio of 6 to 4 cycles was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.87-1.39, p=0.42). Four-year OS was 95.3% and 96.4% for 6 and 4 cycles, respectively, with a HR of 6 to 4 cycles of 1.31 (95% CI = 0.95-1.82, p=0.097). Based on the present data the Bayesian predictive probability of concluding superiority of 6 cycles [a primary goal of the study] with 567 RFS events is only 0.001. There was no interaction between the number of cycles and type of chemotherapy, ER/PgR status, or HER2 status. In particular, the effect of number of cycles on RFS and OS was similar for both AC and T. Conclusions: For women with primary breast cancer and 0-3 positive nodes, we found no evidence that extending chemotherapy from 4 to 6 cycles improves clinical outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S6-3.
No time to train the surgeons:Golden age of surgical training didn't exist
Authors: David T Reilly
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<b>1728</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (PIP) may mimic a malignant process on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT. We reviewed PIP on PET/CT imaging to allow characterization and identification. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> Twenty-three patients (13 M, 10 F; 35-68 years) were evaluated. Clinical and CT characteristics were recorded. PET images were reconstructed using a 3D-LOR (line of response) algorithm. CT data were used for attenuation correction and morphological information. Dual time point (DTP) PET/CT scan were performed in 8 patients. Standardized uptake value (SUV) for each lesion, on early (1h after injection, SUV<sub>early</sub>) and delayed (2h after injection, SUV<sub>delayed</sub>) imaging, were calculated. The change in SUV uptake with DTP scans was defined as retention index (RI), which is: RI=100%×(SUV<sub>delayed</sub>-SUV<sub>early</sub>)/SUV<sub>early</sub>. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> Our patients (table 1) had variable clinical characteristics, respiratory complants (17/23), screening (5/23) and routine(1/23). Twelve patients had normal CBC. Five patients had no tumor marker. Single lesions were present in 21, multiple 2 patients, no lobe predominance, but often subpleural location (19/23). The mean size and SUV<sub>early</sub> were 28.7±12.0mm (8mm-56mm) and 4.7±2.5 (0.7-11.0) respectively. All lesions had solid attenuation without calcification or cavitation, but variable margins. Most had accompanied pneumonia (17/23), but necrosis (3/23), satellite nodules (2/23), atelectasis or bronchus obstruction (5/23) and pleural or pericardial effusion (4/23) occured. The mean SUV<sub>delayed</sub> and RI of patients with DTP scan were 6.9±3.1 (3.0-11.5) and 24.7%±18.8% (-7%-57%) respectively, of whom SUV<sub>delayed</sub> increased significantly (≥10%) in 7 patients. There were 11 patients had regional lymphadenopathy. There was a positive correlation between SUV<sub>early</sub> and size, with a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.703 (P＜0.001). <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> Though PIP had variable clinical and PET/CT characteristics, there are features suggesting the likelihood of this lesion. DTP scans may not be of value for the differentiation of this lesion from malignancy based on our findings. <h3><b>Research Support</b></h3> There was no extramural funding.
Advocates Say Smoke-Free Society Eventually May Result From More Curbs, Taxes on Tobacco Use
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

MOST CHAMPIONS of a smoke-free society agree that among their top priorities this year are the following: To discourage youngsters from starting to smoke. To increase excise taxes on cigarettes by $2 a pack, with similar increases for other tobacco products. To extend existing ordinances requiring smoke-free public places. To curb advertising and promotion of tobacco products. But implementing these goals is likely to be uphill work, warns Michael Pertschuk, codirector, Advocacy Institute, Washington, DC, a group that helps to plan and coordinate tobacco-control advocacy. The antismoking movement, he says, is not well placed to combat the powerful tobacco industry lobby. <h3>More Focus Needed?</h3> "The limited financial resources committed by both government and nongovernment funders are, too often, misdirected," Pertschuk says. "We still lack the structures and capacity for overall priority setting, strategic planning, tactical coordination, and effective communications." In his opinion, Pertschuk says, aside from objectives laid out by
Characteristics of Potential Plaintiffs in Malpractice Litigation
Authors: LaRae I. Huycke, Mark M. Huycke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To characterize patients calling plaintiff attorneys' offices and claiming to have suffered injury caused by medical negligence. Design: Telephone interviews with an inception cohort of callers to law firms with malpractice complaints before the callers talk to attorneys. Setting: Six law offices in five states. Participants: 502 of 730 callers over 10 randomly selected days in 1991. Measurements: Demographics of potential plaintiffs, types of health care providers named by callers, factors prompting calls, economic and noneconomic motivations for claims, and disposition of claims. Results: An average of 12 calls per office per day were received by law firms concerning malpractice complaints. Many factors affected patients' decisions to call: poor relationships with providers before an injury (53%); television advertising by law firms (73%); explicit recommendations by health care providers to seek legal counsel (27%); impressions of not being kept informed or appropriately referred by providers; and financial concerns (for example, 36% with earned income and outstanding medical bills had bills equaling or exceeding 50% of their annual income, 33% were unemployed, and 31% lacked health insurance). One in 30 calls led to the filing of a lawsuit. Conclusions: Calls to plaintiff law firms by patients are common, are motivated by diverse factors, represent dissatisfaction with modern health care, and infrequently lead to lawsuits.
Increased density of brain histamine H1 receptors in rats with portacaval anastomosis and in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Violina Lozeva, Leena Tuomisto, David Sola, Carme Plumed, Mikko Hippeläinen, Roger Butterworth
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The binding properties and the regional densities of histamine H 1 receptors were studied in brain of rats with portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and in autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Receptor binding studies and quantitative receptor autoradiography were performed, employing [ 3 H]mepyramine. Histamine H 1 receptors in rat brain displayed a higher density and a lower affinity compared with control human frontal cortex. Specific [ 3 H]mepyramine binding was heterogeneously distributed throughout the brain in both species. In human brain, binding was highest in the parietal and temporal cortices and lowest in caudate–putamen. In rat brain, binding was highest in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens. Cortical tissue from PCA rats and frontal cortical tissue from HE patients contained significantly increased densities ( B max ) of H 1 receptors. A selective increase in H 1 receptor density was also observed in parietal and insular cortices of HE patients. Results of the present study suggest a selective up–regulation of brain H 1 receptors in PCA rats and in patients with HE. The central histaminergic system is implicated in the control of arousal and circadian rhythmicity. Previous studies have shown that blockade of H 1 receptors in PCA rats results in improved locomotor activity and circadian rhythmicity scores. The present findings suggest that cortical histaminergic hyperactivity could contribute to the neuropsychiatric symptoms characteristic of human HE, and that selective histamine H 1 receptor antagonists could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of some of the symptoms of HE in cirrhotic patients.
Rehabilitation work frustrated.
Authors: R Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

immigrant children' give a rate of 2 66 per 1000 to be compared with a rate of 0-33 per 1000 from 86 notifications in 263 000 indigenous children.2Far from being lower, the incidence of tuberculosis is eight times higher.As for tuberculin sensitivity, the annual acceptance rate for BCG protection of new- born infants in hospital, so far as our records go, has only once exceeded 70 %.3Either the 96 % BCG acceptance rate for Scottish children in table V is a misprint or the group was unusually highly selected.The authors report that 11 % of "Scottish" children live at a density of over six persons per room, 380% over four persons per room, and 65 "/ over two persons per room (table I), but the conclusion that severe overcrowding is greatest among local Scots is difficult to accept.Not only does this observation contradict the social class gradient but the 1971 census4 for the same part of Glasgow reported only 106 ?% of houses having more than 12 persons per room and only 01 % (four houses) more than six.This again seems to suggest bias in the sample.
mTOR-dependent synthesis of Bcl-3 controls the retraction of fibrin clots by activated human platelets
Authors: Andrew S. Weyrich, Melvin M. Denis, Hansjorg Schwertz, Neal D. Tolley, Jason Foulks, Eliott Spencer, Larry W. Kraiss, Kurt H. Albertine, Thomas M. McIntyre, Guy A. Zimmerman
Journal: Blood (2006)
BM-24 * MULTI-GENE METHYLATION ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY SIGNATURE GENES FOR BRAIN METASTASIS FROM PRIMARY BREAST TUMORS
Authors: R. P. Pangeni, D. Huen, K. Ashton, C. Walker, T. P. Dawson, C. Davis, F. Latif, J. L. Darling, T. J. Warr, M. R. Morris
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Tumor metastasis to the brain is a common and deadly development in certain cancers; 18-30% of breasts tumors metastasize to the brain. The contribution that gene silencing through epigenetic mechanisms plays in metastasis to the brain is not well understood. To identify epigenetic drivers of brain metastasis we have combined a candidate gene screen and Genome-wide methylation analysis of metastatic brain tumors that originated from primary breast tumors. From a screen of 85 candidates and an independent comparison of genome-wide methylation profiles in brain metastases we have identified genes that are frequently methylated in breast-to-brain metastases and infrequently methylated in primary breast tumors. We have identified gene methylation that either occurs early in tumour evolution (methylation is present in primary tumors that metastasize) or late in tumour evolution (methylation is only present in the brain metastasis). Many of the genes identified are involved in transcriptional control, either by DNA binding of through mRNA regulation (MicroRNAs etc.). We are carrying out in vitro assays to determine if epigenetic deregulation of these genes contributes to the metastatic phenotype: CCDC8 and GALNT9 are methylated in 87% and 53% of breast-to brain metastases respectively, knock-down of these genes by RNAi resulted in a significant migratory (p = 0.0033, p = 0.0253) advantage of breast cancer cell lines. BNC1 and L3MBTL1 are methylated in 73% and 67% of breast-to brain metastases respectively, knock-down by RNAi resulted in a significant migratory (p = 0.0302, p = 0.0061) and invasive (p = 0.0012, p = 0.0161) advantage to breast cancer cell lines. These early data suggest that this approach has the potential to identify genes deregulated in the process of tumour metastasis to the brain. Further analysis is required to determine if these genes may be used as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers.
Case 10-1968
Authors: Edward F. Bland, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PRESENTATION OF CASE First admission. A seventy-six-year-old laborer was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.He had been well until one month previously, when he became anorectic, with a subsequent 18-pound weight loss. Two weeks before admission his chronic cough increased in severity, with the production of white, thick, mucoid sputum. Four days before entry, while carrying a ladder, he suddenly became severely dyspneic and diaphoretic but had no pain; the symptoms subsided after ten minutes of rest. Three days later a similar episode occurred while he was climbing stairs.He had smoked more than a package of cigarettes . . .
Are Heavy Smokers Different From Light Smokers?
Authors: Joel D. Killen, Stephen P. Fortmann, Michael J. Telch, Barbara Newman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Correlates of heavy smoking (greater than or equal to 25 cigarettes per day) were examined in a group of 380 smokers participating in a minimal-contact smoking relapse prevention trial. The results indicate that heavy smokers are more dependent on cigarettes. Compared with smokers consuming 15 or fewer cigarettes per day, heavy smokers reported greater difficulty quitting, were more troubled by withdrawal symptoms, experienced stronger urges and cravings, and had higher scores on a modified version of the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Heavy smokers weighed more and were more obese as measured by body mass index. Eighty percent of heavy smokers were classified correctly using discriminant function analysis with two dependence-related measures entering as the most important discriminator variables. Logistic regression analyses yielded similar results. The findings underscore the importance of addressing potential physical dependence factors when developing smoking-cessation treatments for heavy smokers.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study in Men with Prostate Cancer and Rising PSA: Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement
Authors: Fritz H. Schröder, Monique J. Roobol, Egbert R. Boevé, Reneé de Mutsert, Sonja D. Zuijdgeest-van Leeuwen, I. Kersten, Mark F. Wildhagen, Ardy van Helvoort
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Do these primates have AIDS?
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Both a condition resembling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans and an unusual number of certain malignant neoplasms have occurred spontaneously in two primate colonies on opposite coasts of the United States. While the relationship between what some are calling simian AIDS and the human disease is unknown, it's possible that a primate model for human AIDS soon may be available. The outbreaks occurred in several macaque monkey species at both the New England Primate Research Center in Southborough, Mass, and the California Primate Research Center at the University of California, Davis. The primary species affected were cyclopis monkeys (<i>Macaca cyclopis</i>) at the New England center and rhesus monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) at the California center. Most of the monkeys were being raised for future research purposes. The investigators discounted any effects of treatments on those currently being used in research protocols. "In recent years it became apparent that there were