tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Family attitudes to research using samples taken at coroner's postmortem examinations: review of records
Authors: C. Womack
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The response of families asked for cadaveric blood and tissue may have been affected by adverse publicity about hospitals retaining tissues and organs removed at post mortem without consent. The tissue bank at Peterborough was asked to contribute control samples to an English Department of Health funded study to validate tests for viral markers in postmortem material. The study required samples of cadaveric blood (10–20 ml), lymph node (one intrathoracic), and liver (2 cm3).1 Peterborough was selected because it does not have a high prevalence of bloodborne viral infections and because the tissue bank had the infrastructure to retrieve postmortem tissue for research.2 Participation in this study enabled us to evaluate the attitudes of families who were asked to allow the pathologist to take samples for research during a postmortem examination being done at the request of the coroner.

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Reasons for refusal among families asked by coroner's officers to take a …
Quantitative analysis of patellar tracking for screening of lateral patellar instability in adolescent population
Authors: E Tsuda, Y Ishibashi, Y Yamamoto, S Maeda, Y Kimura, S Sasaki
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The incidence of lateral patellar dislocation becomes higher with increased participation in sports activities in adolescence. A screening test to diagnose asymptomatic lateral patellar instability could be useful for prevention of the sports-related patellar dislocation, however, has not been established. Objective To quantitatively analyze patellar tracking in the adolescent population using a video system. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Healthy students participating sports activities in 2nd year junior high school. Participants 38 female and 49 male students with no past traumatic history or complaints of the knees. Assessment of risk factors The subject was seated on a testing table with reflective markers placed on the medial and lateral femoral condyles (knee markers). To identify the medial and lateral edge of patella, the examiner pinched the patella with the thumb and index finger with reflective markers attached to the finger tips (patellar markers). The subject actively extended the knee from 90° to full extension, and the examiner followed the patella. A frontal view of knee joint was recorded with a digital video camera. Main outcome measurements The patella position was defined as patellar lateral index (PLI), which was a percentage of the distance from the medial knee marker to the midpoint of the medial and lateral patellar markers divide by the distance between the medial and lateral knee markers. The PLI at 0% and 80% of extension phase (approximately 90° and 20° of flexion) was determined. Results The average PLI was 57.0 ± 2.8% and 55.7 ± 4.1% at 0% and 80% of extension phase, respectively. Four students showed patellar lateral shift with more than 5% increase in PLI according to the extension. Conclusion The excessive increase in PLI at the knee extension might be a risk factor for the patellar dislocation. Follow-up study is required to determine the relationship between PLI and the clinical presence of patellar instability.
Abstract 2272: Understanding resistance to Trail and Trail agonists
Authors: Hong Chen, Rosa A. Carrasco, Hui Feng, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Zhan Xiao, David A. Tice
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Trail and Trail agonists induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells while sparing normal cells making them promising drug candidates. However, Trail and Trail agonists tested so far in clinical trials have had disappointing results. We hypothesize that one reason for the lack of success could be resistance to Trail receptor agonism. In order to understand the underling mechanisms, we set out to generate a panel of Trail resistant models. Following weeks of continuous treatment with Trail, resistant cells began to emerge. Interestingly, no cross resistance to other cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, taxol and camptothecin was observed in the Trail receptor agonist resistant cells suggesting that the resistance mechanisms were specific to the extrinsic cell death pathway. We examined a series of factors such as ligand binding, surface receptor levels and caspase cascade activation. Here we highlight two specific mechanisms observed in a colorectal cell line DLD1 and a pancreatic cancer cell line PSN1. In both resistant models, the activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic caspase cascades were severely diminished starting at caspase-8. In the PSN1 model, TRAILR2 surface expression is significantly suppressed. Reduction of TRAILR2 by siRNA in the parental PSN1 cells also resulted in significant reduction of Trail receptor agonist activity in contrast to what was observed in the parental DLD1 cells. On the other hand, expression of caspase-8 proenzyme was severely attenuated in the DLD1 resistant cells. There was no significant change of caspase-8 mRNA expression found in resistant DLD1 suggesting post-translational control. Together, we conclude that Trail resistance is mainly due to early extrinsic pathway blockage such as down regulation of caspase-8 and TRAILR2. Citation Format: Hong Chen, Rosa A. Carrasco, Hui Feng, Robert E. Hollingsworth, Zhan Xiao, David A. Tice. Understanding resistance to Trail and Trail agonists. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2272. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2272
The effects of exogenous lactate and pyruvate on the recovery of coronary flow in the rat heart after ischaemia
Authors: M. J M de Groot, G. J van der Vusse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article The effects of exogenous lactate and pyruvate on the recovery of coronary flow in the rat heart after ischaemia Get access Monique J M de Groot, Monique J M de Groot Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands: M J M de Groot, G J van der Vusse. Correspondence to Dr de Groot. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ger J van der Vusse Ger J van der Vusse Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Limburg, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands: M J M de Groot, G J van der Vusse. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 1088–1093, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.1088 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Received: 24 September 1992 Accepted: 16 December 1992 Published: 01 June 1993
Atelocollagen for culture of human nucleus pulposus cells forming nucleus pulposus-like tissue in vitro: Influence on the proliferation and proteoglycan production of HNPSV-1 cells
Authors: Daisuke Sakai, Joji Mochida, Toru Iwashina, Takuya Watanabe, Kaori Suyama, Kiyoshi Ando, Tomomitsu Hotta
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Use of hospital services by homeless families in an inner London health district.
Authors: C. R. Victor, J. Connelly, P. Roderick, C. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Over the past decade the number of families in London who were considered officially to be homeless appreciably increased. In response to this many families have been given temporary accommodation, usually in bed and breakfast hotels, while awaiting permanent rehousing. About 200 of the roughly 600 hotels in London that provide such accommodation are located in the area of the former Paddington and North Kensington Health Authority, now part of Parkside Health Authority. The use made by the homeless population of hospital services was studied by finding out the numbers of inpatients admitted to hospital and the numbers presenting to the walk in paediatric clinic and the casualty department at one hospital. These figures were compared with those for local residents and the overall workload. The bed and breakfast population were high users of inpatient beds, the casualty department, and the paediatric clinic. Overall, about one tenth of the beds were used by these people. The health authority receives no additional funding for this group of patients. Further research is needed to find out if the high use of hospital services made by these patients reflects their increased morbidity or their inability to obtain primary care services.
Atlas of Interventional Pain Management
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do excimer laser angioplasty and rotational atherectomy facilitate balloon angioplasty? Implications for lesion-specific coronary intervention
Authors: Robert D. Safian, Mark Freed, Venu Reddy, Richard E. Kuntz, Donald S. Baim, Cindy L. Grines, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. This study sought to determine whether adjunctive balloon angioplasty after rotational atherectomy and excimer laser angioplasty provides better lumen enlargement ("facilitated angioplasty") than angioplasty alone. Background. Adjunctive angioplasty is often used immediately after atherectomy and laser angioplasty to further enlarge lumen dimensions, but it is not known whether this practice is superior to angioplasty alone. Methods. Balloon angioplasty was performed in 1,266 native coronary lesions alone (n = 541) or after extraction atherectomy (n = 277) rotational atherectomy (Rotablator) (n = 211) or excimer laser angioplasty (n = 237). Quantitative angiographic analysis included final lumen diameter, final diameter stenosis and efficiency of balloon-mediated lumen enlargement. Results. Compared with angioplasty alone (33 ± 12%) [mean ± SD]), final diameter stenosis was higher for adjunctive angioplasty after extraction atherectomy (37 ± 16%, p < 0.001) and excimer laser angioplasty (37 ± 16%, p < 0.001) and lower after rotational atherectomy (27 ± 15%, p < 0.001). However, there was significant undersizing of balloons after all three devices. To correct for differencs in balloon size, the efficiency index (final lumen diameter/balloon diameter ratio) was calculated and was higher for adjunctive angioplasty after the Rotablator (0.78 ± 0.14, p < 0.001) than after angioplasty alone (0.69 ± 0.12). The efficiency indexes suggested facilitated angioplasty after rotational atherectomy for ostial, eccentric, ulcerated and calcified lesions and lesions >20 mm long. Facilitated angioplasty was also observed after extraction atherectomy and excimer laser angioplasty for ostial lesions, but not for any other lesion subsets. Conclusions. Rotational atherectomy, extraction atherectomy and excimer laser angioplasty can facilitate the results of balloon angioplasty. However, the extent of facilitated angioplasty is dependent on the device and baseline lesion morphology, consistent with the need for lesion-specific coronary intervention.
Quantitation of left ventricular myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial tissue in human hearts with chronically increased volume and pressure overload.
Authors: V Fuster, M A Danielson, R A Robb, J C Broadbent, A L Brown, L R Elveback
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Using new techniques, we quantitated left ventricular myocardial fiber hypertrophy and interstitial tissue in four groups of autopsied hearts free of coronary disease: 1) 22 normal hearts, 2) 20 hearts from patients with mitral incompetence (NYHA Class II-III) who died early after mitral valve replacement from causes other than cardiac failure, 3) 22 hearts from patients with mitral incompetence (NYHA Class III-IV) who died early after mitral valve replacement from cardiac failure with low cardiac output syndrome, and 4) 22 hearts from patients with hypertensive heart disease (NYHA Class II-III). Myocardial fiber hypertrophy was quantitated by measuring cross-sectional myocardial fiber diameter; the proportion of interstitial tissue was quantitated by using a computerized, high-resolution video image-digitizing system. Myocardial fiber average diameter in groups 2, 3 and 4 was significantly higher than group 1. The proportion of interstitial tissue was significantly increased in group 3. In chronic mitral incompetence an increase in left ventricular interstitial tissue may play a role in the development of severe cardiac failure.
Nicotine addiction
Authors: J. Moxham
Journal: BMJ (2000)

News p 397 Reviews p 454 

Last week the Royal College of Physicians of London published its latest report on smoking,1 the sixth since 1962. It reminds us that almost 40 years after the first report smoking cigarettes remains the single largest cause of premature disability and death in the United Kingdom. Moreover, smoking prevalence has stabilised at one in four of the adult population, with much higher levels in deprived sections of society. This greatest of all health problems refuses to go away. What is new is the report's emphasis on nicotine as an addictive substance and the actions that should flow from that recognition.

The central theme of the report, refined across 200 pages of lucid, carefully researched text, is that cigarette smoking should be understood first and foremost as a manifestation of nicotine addiction. Nicotine is as addictive as “hard” drugs such as heroin. Smokers usually start the habit as children, are addicted to nicotine by the time they are adults, and thereafter the choice to stop becomes an illusion. Thus, although two thirds of smokers want to quit, and about a third try each year, only 2% succeed.

The modern cigarette, developed and …
Abstract 2484: Proteomic identification of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N and proteasome activator complex subunit 3 as potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer tissues.
Authors: Kee R. Kang, Jung H. Kang, Young-Tae Ju
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide and has poor prognosis. Recent improvement in methods for proteome analysis has offered the possibility of identifying disease-associated protein markers to assist in diagnosis or prognosis, and for selecting potential targets for specific drug therapy. In current study, the proteome of colorectal adenocarcinoma and the corresponding normal tissues was visualized and analyzed a number of proteins to isolate and identify tumor-specific proteins for CRC. Ten proteins were dominantly expressed and five proteins were largely repressed in CRC by the analysis of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/mass spectrometry. Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N, one of enzyme necessary for ubiquitination, and proteasome activator complex subunit 3 were focused to be increased in CRC tissues compared with normal colorectal tissues. The elevated expression of E2N and proteasome activator complex subunit 3 in CRC was confirmed by Western blot analysis and real time PCR. Immunohistochemistry also verified largely up-regulation of E2N and proteasome activator complex subunit 3 in 85 CRC patients. These findings suggest that ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N and proteasome activator complex subunit 3, which are involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, could be possible tumor biomarker candidates in CRC tissues. [Funding source: NRF grant (R13-2005-012-01003-0)]. Citation Format: Kee R. Kang, Jung H. Kang, Young-Tae Ju. Proteomic identification of ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N and proteasome activator complex subunit 3 as potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2484. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2484
Neonatal protein kinase <scp>C</scp> zeta expression determines the neonatal <scp>T</scp>‐<scp>C</scp>ell cytokine phenotype and predicts the development and severity of infant allergic disease
Authors: N. D'Vaz, Y. Ma, J. A. Dunstan, T. F. Lee‐Pullen, C. Hii, S. Meldrum, G. Zhang, J. Metcalfe, A. Ferrante, S. L. Prescott
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced T ‐cell protein kinase C zeta ( PKC ζ) expression is associated with allergy development in infants born to atopic mothers. This study examined whether this relationship extends to a general population and addressed the basis for the association. Methods A flow cytometry assay was developed for the measurement of T‐cell PKC ζ levels in PBMC , cord blood mononuclear cell and whole blood. Cord blood T‐cell PKC ζ levels were measured in 135 neonates, and allergic disease was evaluated by skin prick test and clinical examination at 12 months of age. Results Allergic children (particularly those with eczema) had significantly lower neonatal T‐cell PKC ζ expression than nonallergic children ( P &lt; 0.001). PKC ζ levels predicted allergic disease with optimal specificity of 86% and sensitivity of 54%. The sensitivity was increased in the children of allergic mothers, who had significantly lower PKC levels than the children of nonallergic mothers. Cord blood PKC ζ levels did not affect T‐cell maturation in culture as assessed by CD 45 RA / RO expression, but low PKC ζ expression was associated with reduced capacity for IFN γ production by matured T cells. Low cord blood PKC expression was further associated with increased IL ‐13 responses at 6 months. Conclusions The findings suggest a potential role for the use of PKC ζ levels in cord blood T cells as a presymptomatic test to predict allergy risk in children, particularly offspring of allergic mothers, and that the basis of this relationship is related to cytokine patterns in mature T cells.
An Acute Change in Lung Allocation Score and Survival After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wayne M. Tsuang*, David M. Vock*, C. Ashley Finlen Copeland, David J. Lederer, Scott M. Palmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Lung transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with advanced lung disease. In the United States, lungs are allocated on the basis of the lung allocation score (LAS), a composite measure of transplantation urgency and utility. Clinical deteriorations result in increases to the LAS; however, whether the trajectory of the LAS has prognostic significance is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether an acute increase in the LAS before lung transplantation is associated with reduced posttransplant survival. Design: Retrospective cohort study of adult lung transplant recipients listed for at least 30 days between 4 May 2005 (LAS implementation) and 31 December 2010 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry. An acute increase in the LAS was defined as an LAS change (LASΔ) greater than 5 units between the 30 days before and the time of transplantation. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the relationship between an LASΔ >5 and posttransplant graft survival. Setting: All U.S. lung transplantation centers. Patients: 5749 lung transplant recipients. Measurements: Survival time after lung transplantation. Results: 702 (12.2%) patients experienced an LASΔ >5. These patients had significantly worse posttransplant survival (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.54]; P = 0.001]) after adjustment for the LAS at transplantation (LAS-T) and other clinical covariates. The effect of an LASΔ >5 was independent of the LAS-T, underlying diagnosis, center volume, or donor characteristics. Limitation: Analysis was based on center-reported data. Conclusion: An acute increase in LAS before transplantation is associated with posttransplant survival after adjustment for LAS-T. Further emphasis on serial assessment of the LAS could improve the ability to offer accurate prediction of survival after transplantation. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
A7.8 DNA Demethylation in Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells from Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome may be Ascribed to Infiltrating B Cells
Authors: Yves Renaudineau, Yosra Thabet, Christelle Le Dantec, Ibtissem Ghedira, Valérie Devauchelle, Divi Cornec, Jacques-Olivier Pers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy characterised by an epithelium injury surrounded by dense lymphocytic infiltrates composed of activated T and B cells. Present at the interface of genetic and environmental risk factors, epigenetic modifications are suspected to play a key role in SS. Accordingly, we decided to further characterise DNA methylation in SS. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We tested, using a 5 methyl cytosine (5MeCyt) ELISA, global DNA methylation in long-term cultured salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC), peripheral T cells and B cells from eight SS patients. DNA methylation/demethylation partners were assessed by real time quantitative PCR (DNA methyl transferase (DNMT)1, DNMT3a/b, PCNA, UHRF1, MBD2, MBD4, and Gadd45-alpha). Immunofluorescence was conducted on labial salivary gland biopsy. Co-culture experiments were performed associating the human salivary gland cell line (HSG) and B cells. <h3>Results</h3> Global DNA methylation was reduced in SGEC from SS patients (5MeCyt: 36.3 ± 3.2% in SS <i>versus</i> 43.1 ± 3.3% in controls, <i>P</i> = 0.01), while no difference was observed in T and B cells. SGEC demethylation in SS patients was associated with a 7-fold decrease of DNMT1 and a 1.8-fold increase of Gadd45-alpha expression. The other DNA methylation/demethylation partners tested were not differently expressed when compared to controls. Interestingly, SGEC demethylation may be attributed to the B cell infiltrate as DNA methylation increased in salivary gland biopsy after rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) treatment. Such hypothesis was confirmed using co-culture experiments (HSG cells and B cells) revealing an alteration of the PKC-delta/ERK/DNMT1 pathway. Finally, DNA methylation was associated with the overexpression of several SGEC genes such as ICAM-1 and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV). <h3>Conclusions</h3> SGEC dysfunction in SS may be linked to epigenetic modifications and this tissue specific defect may be ascribed in part to infiltrating B cells. This observation opens new therapeutic perspectives in SS.
Wound Infection With Mycoplasma hominis
Authors: Yhu-Hsiung Lee
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Mycoplasma hominis<i>was isolated from two patients with infected wounds following open reduction of fractured mandibles</i>. The<i>significance of these organisms in wound infections is discussed</i>. Mucoplasma hominis,<i>unlike other human mycoplasmas, can be cultured in a diagnostic bacteriology laboratory using standard bacteriological methods</i>.