tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defying Death — HIV Mutation to Evade Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Judy Lieberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes control viral infections by lysing infected cells and secreting soluble factors (cytokines) that enhance antiviral immunity and suppress infection. The importance of antiviral killer cells in controlling acute infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaque monkeys has clearly been demonstrated: resolution of the first wave of viremia coincides with the development of HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and macaques depleted of killer cells control SIV poorly. Some viruses, especially herpesviruses, hepatitis viruses, and immunodeficiency viruses, have devised clever strategies to outwit killer cells and thereby persist for the life of . . .
Physiologic Studies Following Surgical Correction of Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: RICHARD A. THEYE, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Sixteen patients were studied immediately and for 3 days following surgical closure of ventricular septal defect. In eight patients with absent or mild pulmonary vascular disease, convalescence was uneventful and only small deviations from normal in cardiac output, blood gas levels, and acid-base profile were observed. The remaining eight patients had pre-existing moderate or severe pulmonary vascular disease. Values for cardiac output were abnormally low at some time in the postoperative period in all but two of these eight patients. Failure to survive was clearly related to a low cardiac output in four of the five nonsurvivors. Reduction in cardiac output observed in this group of patients is believed to be based in major part on the pre-existing increased resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary vascular bed and also to impaired right ventricular function following operation. No evidence was obtained to suggest that major changes in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred in the immediate postoperative period in patients with moderate or severe pulmonary vascular disease following closure of ventricular septal defect. Right ventricular function following atriotomy or transverse ventriculotomy was less impaired than after vertical ventriculotomy.
Proposal of a new classification system for melanocytic naevi
Authors: G. Argenziano, I. Zalaudek, G. Ferrara, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, H.P. Soyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The lack of consensus among clinicians and pathologists due to the mixture of clinical and histopathological features used to define the various melanocytic naevi underscores the need of a better classification system for these benign lesions. We describe a dermoscopic classification system for melanocytic naevi that is directed to clinicians dealing with the early diagnosis of melanoma, as well to pathologists, in order to promote better communication between these different specialists.
SOME OBSERVATIONS MADE DURING THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL DEAFNESS.
Authors: THOS. H. SHASTID
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The treatment of chronic catarrhal deafness may be considered under three heads: Treatment of the ear directly, attention to the throat and nose, attention to conditions of the body in general. As regards treatment of the ear directly, I wish to speak only of intra-tympanic operations. As a way out of the confusion that seems to exist regarding the propriety of the application of these procedures, I have divided them for the purposes of my own practice into two well-defined classes. Into the first of these I have placed such procedures as, while of doubtful utility to the hearing, are of some, though slight, danger to life. These are the operations for the removal of one or more of the ossicles with or without part or all of the drum membrane, and mobilization of the stapes. These procedures, as much recorded (and perhaps much more unrecorded) experience goes to show,
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIGHT VENTRICULAR PERFORMANCE IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION BY SPECKLE-TRACKING STRAIN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Tetsuari Onishi, Toshinari Onishi, Akiko Mano, Hunter Champion, Norihisa Shigemura, John Gorcsan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pseudoaneurysm of the Celiac Artery Demonstrated By Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: HIROAKI HOSHI, YASUHIRO YUKI, SHIGEKAZU MIYAJI, KUNIHIDE NAKAMURA, ISAO IWAMOTO, YOSHIOMI TAKETCHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The usefulness of radionuclide angiography in patients with vascular occlusion or aneurysm is well documented. In this paper, a rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the celiac artery demonstrated by radionuclide angiography is reported.
FREQUENCY OF EXTRACARDIAC ACTIVITY ON SPECT Tc-99m SESTAMIBI (MIBI) AND ITS EFFECT ON INTERPRETATION
Authors: P. K. Rehm, F. B. Atkins, H. A. Ziessman, S. E. Green, E. A. Akin, L. M. Fox, D. J. Hixson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Rehm, P.; Atkins, F. B.; Ziessman, H. A.; Green, S. E.; Akin, E. A.; Fox, L. M.; Hixson, D. J. Author Information
Evaluation of Vaginal Complaints
Authors: Matthew R. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Vaginal symptoms are one of the most common reasons for gynecological consultation. Clinicians have traditionally diagnosed vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal trichomoniasis using some combination of physical examination, pH, the wet mount, and the whiff test.To evaluate the role of the clinical examination and determine the positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) for the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal trichomoniasis.Using a structured literature review, we abstracted information on sensitivity and specificity for symptoms, signs, and office laboratory procedures. We chose published (1966 to April 2003) articles that appeared in the MEDLINE database and were indexed under the combined search terms of diagnosis with vaginitis, vaginal discharge, candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis.Included studies of symptomatic premenopausal women seen in primary care settings. Tests were evaluated only if they would provide diagnostic information during the office visit and were compared with an acceptable criterion standard.All 3 authors extracted the data and computed sensitivity and specificity from each article independently. The absence of standard definitions for symptoms and signs made it impossible to combine results across studies.Symptoms alone do not allow clinicians to distinguish confidently between the causes of vaginitis. However, a patient's lack of itching makes candidiasis less likely (range of LRs, 0.18 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.70] to 0.79 [95% CI, 0.72-0.87]) and lack of perceived odor makes bacterial vaginosis unlikely (LR, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01-0.51]). Similarly, physical examination signs are limited in their diagnostic power. The presence of inflammatory signs is associated with candidiasis (range of LRs, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.5-2.8] to 8.4 [95% CI, 2.3-31]). Presence of a "high cheese" odor on examination is predictive of bacterial vaginosis (LR, 3.2 [95% CI, 2.1-4.7]) while lack of odor is associated with candidiasis (LR, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.4-5.0]). Office laboratory tests, particularly microscopy of vaginal discharge, are the most useful way of diagnosing these 3 conditions.The cause of vaginal complaints may be easily diagnosed when typical findings appear in microscopy. However, the poor performance of individual symptoms, signs, and office laboratory tests often makes it problematic to identify the cause of vaginal symptoms.
TRAUMA OF THE HEAD AS A CAUSE OF INSANITY.
Authors: CHARLES W. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1907)

There are two important questions in regard to the relation between injuries to the head and insanity. First, Is trauma a true cause of insanity, i. e., can an injury alone, acting on a normal man of healthy ancestry who is not suffering from cerebral arterial disease, syphilis, alcoholism or any other disease which affects the brain or who has not been broken down by the mere stress of life, cause insanity, or is the trauma a mere exciting cause, a provocative agent, which acting on a man already predisposed and ready to become insane gives him an opportunity so to do? Second, Does any characteristic type of insanity follow trauma? From the mental symptoms alone, while ignorant of the history of an injury, is it possible in any given case to know that a man is insane because he has received a trauma? As to the first question no
Exercise Testing in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: C. J. Cronin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We refer to the recent article entitled "Treadmill Exercise Testing in Hypertensive Patients Treated with Hydrochlorothiazide and β-Blocking Drugs" by Miller et al.<sup>1</sup>We note that the authors develop an argument for using exercise to assess the efficacy of hypertensive treatment and hope to devise a simple test using a treadmill. It might be regarded as rather cumbersome for hypertensive patients to exercise routinely with the treadmill because of the large numbers involved, and we would like to describe our practice, which we believe is a valid and a reasonable alternative and which is applied to all our hypertensive patients routinely<sup>2</sup>in the hypertension clinic. Patients are asked to step up onto and down from a 9-in step 24 times in one minute. This involves 48 movements of each foot and is performed in time with a metronome beating at 96 times per minute. The
Differential roles of NHERF1, NHERF2, and PDZK1 in regulating CFTR-mediated intestinal anion secretion in mice
Authors: Anurag Kumar Singh, Brigitte Riederer, Anja Krabbenhöft, Brigitte Rausch, Janina Bonhagen, Ulrich Lehmann, Hugo R. de Jonge, Mark Donowitz, Chris Yun, Edward J. Weinman, Olivier Kocher, Boris M. Hogema, Ursula Seidler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The epithelial anion channel CFTR interacts with multiple PDZ domain-containing proteins. Heterologous expression studies have demonstrated that the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factors, NHERF1, NHERF2, and PDZK1 (NHERF3), modulate CFTR membrane retention, conductivity, and interactions with other transporters. To study their biological roles in vivo, we investigated CFTR-dependent duodenal HCO3- secretion in mouse models of Nherf1, Nherf2, and Pdzk1 loss of function. We found that Nherf1 ablation strongly reduced basal as well as forskolin-stimulated (FSK-stimulated) HCO3- secretory rates and blocked beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) stimulation. Conversely, Nherf2-/- mice displayed augmented FSK-stimulated HCO3- secretion. Furthermore, although lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibited FSK-stimulated HCO3- secretion in WT mice, this effect was lost in Nherf2-/- mice. Pdzk1 ablation reduced basal, but not FSK-stimulated, HCO3- secretion. In addition, laser microdissection and quantitative PCR revealed that the beta2-AR and the type 2 LPA receptor were expressed together with CFTR in duodenal crypts and that colocalization of the beta2-AR and CFTR was reduced in the Nherf1-/- mice. These data suggest that the NHERF proteins differentially modulate duodenal HCO3- secretion: while NHERF1 is an obligatory linker for beta2-AR stimulation of CFTR, NHERF2 confers inhibitory signals by coupling the LPA receptor to CFTR.
Patient satisfaction with Medicaid managed care
Authors: P. J. Schilling
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —We undertook a population-based evaluation that was not limited to users. Unlike surveying only people who had obtained services, our approach was more likely to detect any problems that beneficiaries had in gaining access to services, a major policy concern regarding Medicaid managed care. Nonusers may have contacts with plans, and they may form opinions from attempts to obtain care and from family and friends. About half of the satisfaction dimensions, including office location and hours, could pertain to nonusers and affect access and use.  Our design permitted us to assess the influence of use on the results. About 80% of respondents were users, with no significant difference between managed care and non—managed care. Self-reported use during the prior 6 months was
Residua from Systemic Candidiasis Treated with Amphotericin
Authors: David B. Shurtleff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THIS report documents soft-tissue opacities in an otherwise healthy eight-year-old girl six years after severe systemic Candida tropicalis infection.Case SummaryIn 1963 the recovery of an infant from systemic C. tropicalis was reported.1 At the original admission this obtunded child was bleeding from many sites and manifested renal failure. Complications had developed during the third week of recovery from meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Yeast was isolated from urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid in heavy growth. Only inhibitory cerebrospinal fluid and blood levels of amphotericin B could be obtained because of drug toxicity. Symptoms and signs of fever, decreased . . .
The Ethical Hazards and Programmatic Challenges of Genomic Newborn Screening
Authors: Aaron J. Goldenberg, Richard R. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The resistance of P. acnes -primed interferon γ-deficient mice to low-dose lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury
Authors: Yoshiaki Shimizu, Julie A. Margenthaler, Keith Landeros, Naoki Otomo, Gerard Doherty, Wayne M. Flye
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Endotoxin has been identified as a principal mediator of sepsis, often with resulting multiple organ failure. Although interferon γ (IFN-γ) has a central role in controlling bacterial infection through the activation of macrophages and T lymphocytes, it can also enhance the harmful effects of the inflammatory response. To examine the role of IFN-γ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury, we administered LPS (20 or 800 μg/mouse) alone or as low-dose LPS (20 μg/mouse) 7 days after heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ) injection into wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice or IFN-γ-deficient (GKO) mice (B6 background). Although low-dose (20 μg) LPS alone had no effect on survival, the administration of 800 μg LPS alone resulted in 100% mortality in both B6 and GKO mice without significant hepatic mononuclear cellular infiltration or differences in elevated plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-12 levels. In contrast, mortality after low-dose (20 μg) LPS challenge in P. acnes -primed B6 mice was 100%, but 0% in GKO mice. In vivo plasma cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12) levels and in vitro cytokine production by hepatic mononuclear cells were significantly higher in B6 mice compared with GKO mice. Associated hepatic mononuclear cellular infiltration, multifocal liver necrosis, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were found in B6 mice, but not in GKO mice. Finally, the anti-inflammatory NK1.1+CD4+ cell proportion of hepatic infiltrating mononuclear cell numbers 7 days after P. acnes administration was significantly reduced in B6 compared with GKO mice, whereas the proportion of inflammatory NK1.1+CD4− cells was increased. In conclusion, these data suggest that IFN-γ mediates P. acnes -primed low-dose LPS injury through the hepatic infiltration of mononuclear cells and the subsequent elevation of inflammatory cytokines after LPS challenge, whereas the lethal effects of high-dose LPS alone does not depend on the presence of IFN-γ.
Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults With Acute Bronchitis in the United States, 1996-2010
Authors: Michael L. Barnett, Jeffrey A. Linder
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Acute bronchitis is a cough-predominant acute respiratory illness of less than 3 weeks' duration.For more than 40 years, trials have shown that antibiotics are not effective for acute bronchitis. 1 Despite this, between 1980 and 1999, the rate of antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis was between 60% and 80% in the United States. 2 During the past 15 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has led efforts to decrease antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis. 3,4 Since 2005, a Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measure has stated that the antibiotic prescribing rate for acute bronchitis should be zero. 5 To estimate the association with ongoing CDC efforts and the implementation of the HEDIS measure, we evaluated the change in antibiotic prescribing rates for acute bronchitis in the United States between 1996 and 2010.
Effects of cadmium and zinc on tissue levels of metallothionein.
Authors: S Onosaka, K Tanaka, M G Cherian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Although the induced synthesis of metallothionein (MT) after exposure to certain metals has been known for some time, there is little information on the quantitation of MT in various tissues. In this study, tissue MT concentrations were measured by a modified Cd-saturation method in tissues of adult male rats after injection of different metal salts. There were differences in tissue levels of MT, depending on the injected metals. Of all the metals studied, Cd2+ was the most effective element in increasing MT concentrations in liver, kidney, pancreas and small intestine. The highest increase in tissue MT concentration after CdCl2 injection was found in the liver, while the pancreas contained the highest MT level after ZnSO4 injection. Co and Ni salts increased MT levels in both liver and kidney, while Mn and Ca increased MT levels only in liver. A direct correlation between tissue MT levels and Cd or Zn concentration was observed in most of the tissues after injection of CdCl2 or ZnSO4. Although there was no positive relationship between tissue levels of MT and tissue Mn and Ni concentrations, the increase in hepatic Zn after injection of these metals was related to hepatic MT levels. The tissue distribution of injected Cd2+ in control adult rats and Zn-deficient rats was similar. However, there was no increase in pancreatic MT levels in Zn-deficient rats after injection of CdCl2. The high concentration of MT in pancreas after ZnSO4 injection in adult rats and the inability of the pancreas to synthesize MT in Zn-deficient rats suggest that the induction of pancreatic MT synthesis is sensitive to Zn status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Passive Smoking on Commercial Airlines
Authors: J. T. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  Passive Smoking on Commercial Airline Flights, by Mattson et al, 1 is clearly intended to prove a point (smoking on airliners is hazardous to nonsmokers) rather than simply to establish the truth (whether smoking on airliners is hazardous to nonsmokers). Consider these points, none of which were dealt with in the report:  The mean quantity of nicotine reported, 12 μg/m 3 , amounts to only about 17 parts per billion—0.017 ppm—when corrected upward for cabin air density equivalent to an altitude of about 2400 m. (I am informed that hydrogen cyanide is breathable for a substantial period at several 1000 times that concentration.) Cabin air is replaced every 4 to 5 minutes, according to Boeing, on the basis of 0.6 m 3 /min per passenger.  At 16 respirations per minute, or about 10 L, it would take an hour and 40 minutes to absorb 12 millionths of a
Human High Molecular Weight Melanoma-Associated Antigen Mimicry by Mouse Anti-Idiotypic Monoclonal Antibody MK2-23: Enhancement of Immunogenicity of Anti-Idiotypic Monoclonal Antibody MK2-23 by Fusion with Interleukin 2
Authors: Xinhui Wang, Eric C. Ko, Liaomin Peng, Stephen D. Gillies, Soldano Ferrone
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract To overcome unresponsiveness to the self-high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) in hosts with constitutive HMW-MAA expression, we have used as immunogen the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23, which mimics the antigenic determinant recognized by the anti-HMW-MAA mAb 763.74. In a phase I/II clinical trial, anti-idiotypic mAb MK2-23, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a carrier and given with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as an adjuvant, elicited HMW-MAA-specific antibodies in about 60% of the immunized melanoma patients. The immune response was associated with survival prolongation. However, safety and standardization issues associated with the use of KLH and BCG in the clinical setting have prompted us to develop alternative immunization strategies. Conjugation of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) to mAb MK2-23 variable regions covalently linked to human immunoglobulin constant regions enhanced mAb MK2-23 immunogenicity in BALB/c mice to an extent similar to that induced by mAb MK2-23 conjugated to KLH and given with Freund's adjuvant. As determined by the level of serum antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to HMW-MAA-bearing melanoma cells, immunization of mice with the MK2-23-IL-2 fusion protein elicited more robust humoral and cellular responses, respectively, than immunization with KLH-conjugated mAb MK2-23 and separate administration of IL-2. The immunogenicity of the fusion protein is dependent on IL-2 conjugation, because immunization of mice with either mAb MK2-23 or chimeric mAb MK2-23, in combination with IL-2, was not as effective in eliciting HMW-MAA-specific immune responses. These results suggest that the MK2-23-IL-2 fusion protein represents a useful immunogen to implement active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma, because it bypasses the requirement for KLH conjugation and adjuvant administration.