tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital infection rates in England out of control
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The NHS in England could save an estimated £150m ($240m) and many hundreds of lives by tightening hygiene rules in hospitals and investing in infection control, according to the spending watchdog the National Audit Office. The money could then be ploughed back into patient care.

At least 100000 cases of hospital acquired infections occur each year in England, with an estimated 5000 deaths, all of which cost the NHS in the region of £1bn annually, states the report.

Better education of staff on the spread of infection, improved surveillance of patients …
Novel Vaccine Delivery System Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Based on Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Yue‐Qi Wang, Jie Wu, Qing‐Ze Fan, Meng Zhou, Zhan‐Guo Yue, Guang‐Hui Ma, Zhi‐Guo Su
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Aiming to enhance the immunogenicity of H5N1 split vaccine, the development of a novel antigen delivery system based on quaternized chitosan hydrogel microparticles (Gel MPs) with multiple mechanisms of immunity enhancement is attempted. Gel MPs based on ionic cross‐linking are prepared in a simple and mild way. Gel MPs are superior as a vaccine delivery system due to their ability to: 1) enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape of antigens in dendritic cells (DCs); 2) significantly activate DCs; 3) form an antigen depot and recruit immunity cells to improve antigen capture. Further in vivo investigation shows that Gel MPs, in comparison to aluminum salts (Alum), LPS, and covalent cross‐linking quaternized chitosan MPs (GC MPs), induce higher humoral and cellular immune responses with a mixed Th1/Th2 immunity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Gel MPs are efficient antigen delivery vehicles based on multiple mechanisms to enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses against H5N1 split antigen.
Abstract P4-09-02: Omega-3 ethyl esters suppress breast cancer growth by modulating inflammatory signaling
Authors: CH Chen, D Quach, L Bowers, C Fabian, S Hursting, L deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Inflammation has been identified as a key contributor to breast cancer development. Both clinical and preclinical studies confirm a role for inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, interleukins, embedded immune cells and prostaglandins in promoting development of breast cancer. Elevated levels/activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are correlated with a more aggressive disease. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3) intake is correlated with an inverse risk for breast cancer development and improvement in prognostic markers. One key target of omega-3 fatty acids is the COX-2 enzyme. We hypothesize that one mechanism by which omega-3 fatty acids suppress breast cancer progression is through inhibition of inflammatory signaling. Methods: The impact of omega-3 ethyl esters (n-3 EE), a component of some omega-3 supplements, on the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells grown in a pro-inflammatory environment was assessed by MTT analysis and on proliferation by cell counting. Supplementation of the growth media with IL-6 (10ng/mL) was used to simulate a pro-inflammatory environment. Changes in expression levels of key components of inflammatory pathways were assessed by Western blot analyses and quantitative PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured using ELISA assays. Results: A significant suppression in IL-6-induced proliferation was observed when cells were exposed to physiological concentrations (20 uM) of n-3 EE for 96 hrs. Molecular analyses suggest that the suppression of the NF-kB/COX-2/PGE2 signaling axis was important for mediating this effect. These results are consistent with other studies using specific COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: With their potent anti-inflammatory activity, n-3 EE may prove useful in reducing malignancy of breast cancer and also slow development of new breast cancers. Importantly, they appear to have none of the toxicities associated with pharmaceutical COX inhibitors (NSAIDs). Future studies are planned to incorporate nutraceutical compounds to standard therapy to improve efficacy and reduce associated side effects. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-09-02.
Final Overall Survival Results from a Phase III, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of Gefitinib Versus Placebo as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (INFORM; C-TONG 0804)
Authors: Hongyun Zhao, Yun Fan, Shenglin Ma, Xiangqun Song, Baohui Han, Ying Cheng, Cheng Huang, Shujun Yang, Xiaoqing Liu, Yunpeng Liu, Shun Lu, Jie Wang, Shucai Zhang, Caicun Zhou, Mengzhao Wang, Li Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Care of the Mentally Subnormal in Hospital
Authors: G. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (1966)

If, rightly or wrongly, one accepts the theory that intrauterine devices, both ancient and modem, act as disnidators, then they are not contraceptives but abortifacients, and the incidence of extrauterine gestations in those women who have been fitted with these devices should remain unaffected.Mr. Ramkissoon-Chen and Dr. Kong Ta-Ko have issued a timely warning that in these cases the symptoms produced by a tubal gestation may easily be mistaken for side- effects due to the intrauterine device.In underlining this warning I hope that the diagnostic pitfall will be widely appreciated in order that occasional serious complications may be avoided.-Iam, etc.,
Skin disease in haemophiliacs with and without antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): further evidence of altered disease behaviour in different risk groups?
Authors: N.R. TELFER, J.M. MATTHEWS, F. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Forty-one patients routinely attending the Oxford Haemophilia Centre entered a controlled, blind investigation in order to determine whether HIV antibody status was related to the presence of skin disease. Twenty-four of the 41 patients (58.5%) were HIV antibody positive and none had any general symptoms. Comparison of the HIV antibody positive group with the HIV antibody negative group and with non-haemophiliac controls showed an increased prevalence of four HIV-associated dermatoses: 11 patients had seborrhoeic dermatitis (10 HIV antibody positive and one HIV antibody negative (P less than 0.05 chi 2 test], eight patients had folliculitis (six HIV antibody positive), four patients had mucocutaneous candidiasis, all were HIV antibody positive, and three patients had onychomycosis, all were HIV antibody positive. None of these conditions was seen in a group of 16 non-haemophiliac controls. These findings are different from those reported from a similar study of comparable groups of homosexual men and these results may be further evidence to support the belief that the behaviour of HIV infection differs between haemophiliacs and other risk groups.
CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMBINED WITH CARDIAC 123I-MIBG IMAGING IDENTIFIES A VERY LOW RISK PATIENTS EVALUATED FOR CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION
Authors: Francisco Ridocci-Soriano, Pilar Garcia Gonzalez, Puig Cozar-Santiago, Oscar Fabregat Aandres, Bruno Bochard Villanueva, Rafael De La Espriella-Juan, Jordi Estornell-Erill, Alfonso Valle, Victor Palanca Gil, Jose Ferrer-Rebolleda, Aurelio Quesada-Dorador
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
In vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of common naevi with globular, homogeneous and reticular pattern in dermoscopy
Authors: V. Ahlgrimm-Siess, C. Massone, S. Koller, R. Fink-Puches, E. Richtig, I. Wolf, A. Gerger, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

A systematic examination and comparison of confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) features of benign naevi showing different dermoscopic patterns has never been performed.Systematically to assess CSLM features of dermoscopically benign reticular, globular and homogeneous naevi and to correlate CSLM findings with dermoscopy and histopathology.CSLM was performed on 30 naevi in 29 patients including 10 reticular, 10 globular and 10 homogeneous naevi showing a uniform pigmentation pattern with dermoscopy. Cytomorphological and architectural features of each naevus were assessed and distinct characteristics for each group of naevi were defined. CSLM features were correlated with the histopathological findings and their applicability for the diagnosis of naevi with different dermoscopic patterns was assessed by two blinded observers.A correct diagnosis was made in 26 and 28 of 30 cases, respectively, by two blinded observers using previously defined CSLM features. Well-defined melanocytic caps, well-defined edged papillae and black papillae concurrently with the absence of white papillae were found in all reticular naevi (10 of 10). Numerous, large junctional/dermal melanocytic nests (10 of 10), ill-defined edged papillae (eight of 10) and white papillae (nine of 10) were found in globular naevi. Homogeneous naevi showed an intermediate pattern between reticular and globular naevi: ill-defined edged papillae (10 of 10), black and white papillae within the same naevus (eight of 10) and junctional/dermal melanocytic nests (three of 10) were seen.Different dermoscopic patterns of benign naevi are reflected in different architectural features in CSLM. As benign naevi show a regular architecture of monomorphous melanocytes in contrast to melanomas, similar dermoscopic features of naevi and early melanomas may be differentiated by CSLM.
The Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Jay M. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The diurnal variation of urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine-normetanephrine levels was studied in six patients with phechromocytoma and 32 patients with essential hypertension. Despite variable degrees of day-night differences, urinary excretion of VMA and metanephrines, per unit of time or per gram of urinary creatinine, was invariably higher in patients with pheochromocytoma than in controls whether the collection was 7 AM through 7 PM or 7 PM through 7 AM. Thus, shorter study periods are sufficient to exclude the presence of a chromaffinoma in most patients with hypertension.
Physical Medicine in Rehabilitation for Arthritis in Children
Authors: Miland E. Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Rheumatoid and infectious types of arthritis require special attention when they occur in children. Interference of growth may cause deformities that are especially distressing in a patient with a long life expectancy. The pediatrician or general practitioner in charge of the case should enlist the close cooperation of consultants, including the physiatrist. The physical treatment is planned to relieve pain, to prevent or relieve contractures, to preserve motion by the judicious limitation or encouragement of exercise, and to maintain muscle strength. In these plans the natural activity of children must be taken into account, and home treatment programs properly carried out can provide the best therapy.
Sterilization of Woollen Fabrics
Authors: H. F. Barnard
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ADuring the first six weeks each group of three pigs received alternately the saline extracts of " splenin A " and of " splenin B " from pooled normal serum.During the last six weeks they received extracts of ' splenin A " and of " splenin B " from pooled rheuma- toid serunm.The results are recorded in Table III and Fable IV.TABLE V.-Analysis of Variance (Experiment 2) Su fDegrfees Men Varn-Poa Source of Variance Sum of of |Mean|Vr-.Proba- Souce f Vriaice Squares Free-Square Ratio bility domRai Variation due to charac- teristic bleedinq-times of each guinea-pig .. 1,403 5 281 0 30 N S Variation due to characteristic day effects on the bleeding-time . .7,805 10 781 0.85 N.S& Variation among each set of four observations taken in sequence . .401,
Myocardial necrosis is halved in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention who are pretreated with lipid-lowering therapy
Authors: Herbert D. Aronow, Martin J. Quinn, Hitinder S. Gurm, Eric J. Topol, Michael Lincoff, Danielle M. Brennan, Michael S. Lauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
STUDIES IN GYNECOLOGY FROM THE SERVICE OF THE WOMAN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA.
Authors: ANNA M. FULLERTON
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The level of monocyte turnover predicts disease progression in the macaque model of AIDS
Authors: Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Huining Liu, Binhua Ling, Juan T. Borda, Xavier Alvarez, Chie Sugimoto, Heather Vinet-Oliphant, Woong-Ki Kim, Kenneth C. Williams, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Andrew A. Lackner, Ronald S. Veazey, Marcelo J. Kuroda
Journal: Blood (2009)
768 LOW RISK OF HEPATITIS B REACTIVATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND CONCURRENT INACTIVE HEPATITIS B INFECTION TREATED WITH INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: A. Aghemo, M. Vigano, M. Iavarone, M.G. Rumi, F. Agnelli, P. Lampertico, M.F. Donato, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Who cares about academic medicine?
Authors: Jocalyn Clark, Peter Tugwell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The reaction to the campaign launched by the BMJ and its partners several months ago1,2 suggests that academic medicine needs resuscitation.3,4 But is it worth saving?

The academic medicine campaign aims to develop a vision and set of recommendations for reforming academic medicine in the 21st century. Driven by an international working party, it gives high priority to incorporating the perspectives of the chief customers of academic medicine—patients, policy makers, and practitioners—through a series of stakeholder and regional consultations. The campaign also supplies an opportunity to question the global relevance, responsibilities, and scope of academic medicine: Who is it for? Why does it matter? How best to invest in its future? Articles in this theme issue (including two from the working party (pp 787, 789)) discuss these questions and identify the challenges facing the campaign.5,6
F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with CT in critically ill patients with suspected infection
Authors: Koen S. Simons, Peter Pickkers, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Wim J. G. Oyen, Johannes G. van der Hoeven
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

To assess the value of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) combined with CT in critically ill patients suspected of having an infection.FDG-PET CT scans requested for evaluation of a suspected infection or inflammatory process in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients were analyzed (blinded for the final clinical diagnosis) and compared with clinical follow-up.Thirty-five FDG-PET/CT scans performed in 33 ICU patients (28 adults and 5 children), median age 58 years (range 1 month-72 years), were analyzed. Twenty-one FDG-PET/CT scans were true positive. Three FDG-PET/CT scans were considered false positive, in one case leading to additional diagnostic procedures (specificity 79%). Additionally, 11 true negatives were found (sensitivity 100%), leading to an overall accuracy of 91%.FDG-PET/CT scanning is of additional value in the evaluation of suspected infection in critically ill patients in whom conventional diagnostics did not lead to a diagnosis. Apart from the high accuracy, in this study it appeared that, in addition to conventional diagnostic techniques that were routinely performed, a normal FDG-PET/CT ruled out important infections requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy or drainage. Since sensitivity is lower in highly metabolic active tissues (e.g., endocarditis, meningitis), the FDG-PET/CT scan is not suited to detect infections in these tissues.
Doctors pledge to spread evidence based healthcare in Africa
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Insecticide treated bed nets to prevent the spread of malaria and male circumcision to prevent HIV infection are just two of the evidence based healthcare measures that should be more widely used in Africa, doctors say.

Last month doctors from nine African countries, alongside European colleagues, met in Rwanda to sign the Kigali declaration (web extra), which urges governments, non-governmental organisations, and healthcare professionals to implement evidence based healthcare.

The declaration is the brainchild of the Collaboration for Evidence Based Healthcare in Africa, a partnership founded by the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam in association with a group of African clinicians.

The …
Growth factor independence-1 (Gfi-1) plays a role in mediating specific granule deficiency (SGD) in a patient lacking a gene-inactivating mutation in the C/EBPϵ gene
Authors: Arati Khanna-Gupta, Hong Sun, Theresa Zibello, Han Myung Lee, Richard Dahl, Laurence A. Boxer, Nancy Berliner
Journal: Blood (2007)
Disruption of antigen-induced inflammatory responses in CD40 ligand knockout mice.
Authors: X F Lei, Y Ohkawara, M R Stämpfli, C Mastruzzo, R A Marr, D Snider, Z Xing, M Jordana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of the interaction between CD40 and its ligand (CD40L) to antigen-induced airways inflammatory responses. To this end, we used a model involving ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by OVA aerosol challenge in CD40L knockout (KO) mice. OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 were detected in the serum of the sensitized control, but not in CD40L-KO mice. After antigen challenge, sensitized control mice developed airway inflammation that was primarily eosinophilic. This inflammatory response was dramatically reduced in CD40L-KO mice. In contrast, similar numbers of eosinophils were observed in both the bone marrow and the peripheral blood in the sensitized controls and mutant strains after antigen challenge. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these findings, we examined levels of the cytokines IL-5, IL-4, and TNFalpha in both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum. Similar levels of IL-5 were detected in BAL and serum of control and CD40L-KO mice; however, negligible levels of IL-4 in BAL and serum and of TNFalpha in BAL were detected in CD40L-KO mice when compared with control mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that endothelial cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in OVA-sensitized and -challenged CD40L-KO mice was, as detected by immunohistochemistry, markedly decreased compared with that observed in similarly treated control mice. In addition, we locally overexpressed IL-4 and TNFalpha by using an adenoviral (Ad)-mediated gene transfer approach. Intranasal administration of either Ad/TNFalpha or Ad/IL-4 into OVA-sensitized and -challenged CD40L-KO mice did not reconstitute airway eosinophilia. However, concurrent administration of Ad/TNFalpha and Ad/IL-4 upregulated endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and resulted in full reconstitution of the inflammatory response in the airways. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of the CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathway in the full expression of the inflammatory response in the airways.
SUOX is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Guang-Zhi Jin, Wen-Long Yu, Hui Dong, Wei-Ping Zhou, Yi-Jin Gu, Hao Yu, Hua Yu, Xin Yuan Lu, Zhi-Hong Xian, Yin-Kun Liu, Wen-Ming Cong, Meng-Chao Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Postirradiation Screening for Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Samuel Refetoff
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The article by Royce et al (242:2675, 1979) has been widely publicized in the media. However, headlines and statements such as Irradiation Treatment Exonerated as Cause of Thyroid Cancer or Irradiation Does Not Cause Thyroid Cancer do not render justice to the work and conclusions. The authors merely failed to show significant differences in palpable thyroid abnormalities and in carcinoma in a group of persons with history of neck irradiation, as compared with a nonirradiated control group. Although the introduction of a control group represents an important feature, it is not unique, 1 and the study is by no means free of flaws. These need to be pointed out.  Two physicians carrying out neck examination on only 30 to 50 persons at a time does not represent, by any stretch of the imagination, a complete or even an optimal screening program. 2-4   While the higher percent of thyroid
Apical extracellular calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptor regulates vasopressin-elicited water permeability in rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct.
Authors: J M Sands, M Naruse, M Baum, I Jo, S C Hebert, E M Brown, H W Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

During antidiuresis, increases in vasopressin (AVP)-elicited osmotic water permeability in the terminal inner medullary collecting duct (tIMCD) raise luminal calcium concentrations to levels (> or = 5 mM) above those associated with the formation of calcium-containing precipitates in the urine. Calcium/polycation receptor proteins (CaRs) enable cells in the parathyroid gland and kidney thick ascending limb of Henle to sense and respond to alterations in serum calcium. We now report the presence of an apical CaR in rat kidney tIMCD that specifically reduces AVP-elicited osmotic water permeability when luminal calcium rises. Purified tIMCD apical membrane endosomes contain both the AVP-elicited water channel, aquaporin 2, and a CaR. In addition, aquaporin 2-containing endosomes also possess stimulatory (G(alpha q)/G(alpha 11) and inhibitory (G(alpha i1, 2, and 3)) GTP binding proteins reported previously to interact with CaRs as well as two specific isoforms (delta and zeta) of protein kinase C. Immunocytochemistry using anti-CaR antiserum reveals the presence of CaR protein in both rat and human collecting ducts. Together, these data provide support for a unique tIMCD apical membrane signaling mechanism linking calcium and water metabolism. Abnormalities in this mechanism could potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of renal stone formation.
327 XL PROBE OF FIBROSCAN® IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION IN COMPARISON WITH LIVER BIOPSY, M PROBE, FIBROTEST AND APRI
Authors: V. de Ledinghen, J. Vergniol, B. Le Bail, N. Branca, G. Simon, W. Merrouche, J. Foucher
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)