tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A History of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Harry Trosman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To date, a variety of attempts have been made to write a history of psychoanalysis. The first, by Sigmund Freud himself, barely 20 years after the birth of psychoanalysis,<i>On the History of the Psychoanalytic Movement</i>, was published in 1914. Freud's purpose was to establish his own priority as the founder of analysis and to refute the varied claims of Jung and Adler who had recently broken away from the psychoanalytic movement. Almost 50 years later, Henri Ellenberger, in<i>The Discovery of the Unconscious</i>, related psychoanalysis to the intellectual milieu of the 19th and 20th centuries, described the various movements that deviated from Freud, and demonstrated how effectively the Zeitgeist served as influence. A third attempt by Paul Roazen,<i>Freud and His Followers</i>, emphasized the eccentricities and personal squabbles among the early followers of Freud. A more recent attempt by Frank J. Sulloway,<i>Freud, Biologist of the Mind</i>, relates Freud's
A piece of my mind. Call me 'mister,' please
Authors: D. H. Otto
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety of Transvenous Atrial Defibrillation
Authors: Mary C. Sokoloski, Gregory M. Ayers, Koichiro Kumagai, Celeen M. Khrestian, Shinichi Niwano, Albert L. Waldo
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background It is recognized that a ventricular vulnerability period exists during which atrial shock delivery may induce a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This study was designed to define the zone in which the ventricles are vulnerable to induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmia during delivery of atrial shocks in the sterile pericarditis canine model of atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results Two days after creation of sterile pericarditis, 24 dogs underwent either a four-part or five-part ventricular vulnerability protocol during which atrial shocks were delivered between transvenous catheters, one in the distal coronary sinus and one in the right atrial appendage. The protocol included part 1, shocks during induced atrial fibrillation; parts 2 through 4, shocks delivered synchronously with the last ventricular beat of one of the following three ventricular pacing protocols: constant ventricular rates (S 1 S 1 ), short-long-short cycles (S 1 S 2 S 3 -V), and ventricular premature beats (S 1 ); and part 5, shocks delivered synchronously with the last R wave resulting from an atrially paced short-long-short cycle (S 1 S 2 S 3 -A). Ventricular tachyarrhythmia was induced 122 times: 2 of 665 shocks in two dogs in part 1, 29 of 786 shocks in nine dogs in part 2, 67 of 734 shocks in 15 dogs in part 3, 24 of 919 shocks in five dogs in part 4, and none in part 5. All ventricular proarrhythmia resulted from shocks delivered during the T wave of a preceding ventricular beat. No episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia were induced by atrial shocks synchronized to R waves with the previous RR at intervals above the QT+60 ms interval (absolute interval &gt;320 ms), with one exception, at the QT+100 ms interval (absolute interval 360 ms). Conclusions With transvenous electrode catheters used to deliver atrial shocks, life-threatening ventricular rhythms were induced but were limited to a specific zone defined by the QT interval.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure and Neuropsychological Status among Older Residents of Upper Hudson River Communities
Authors: Edward F. Fitzgerald, Erin E. Belanger, Marta I. Gomez, Michael Cayo, Robert J. McCaffrey, Richard F. Seegal, Robert L. Jansing, Syni-an Hwang, Heraline E. Hicks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may accelerate the cognitive and motor dysfunction found in normal aging, but few studies have examined these outcomes and PCB exposure among older adults.
OC-122 Enhanced recovery after upper gastrointestinal surgery (ERAUGIS) improves outcomes in upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer: Abstract OC-122 Table 1
Authors: A J Beamish, D S Y Chan, T D Reid, R Barlow, I Howell, G Blackshaw, G Clark, W G Lewis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principles of optimising nutrition, minimising the surgical stress response and early mobilisation have been reported to improve outcomes in colorectal surgery, but data in UGI surgery is thin. The aim of this study was to determine the influence on outcomes of an ERAS programme in UGI cancer surgery. <h3>Methods</h3> Two hundred and eight consecutive patients, 89 managed in the ERAUGIS programme and 119 historical controls (CON) were studied in this prospective observational cohort study, and the primary outcome measures were hospital length of stay (LoS) and 30-day morbidity (classified according to the Clavien-Dindo (CD) criteria). <h3>Results</h3> No significant differences in age (p=0.938), gender (p=0.518), tumour site (p=0.461), radiological stage (p=0.219) or histopathological stage (p=0.116) were identified between the two cohorts. ERAUGIS was associated with significant reductions in: overall LoS (median 12 vs 15 days, p=0.001), critical care LoS (median 1 vs 2 days, p&lt;0.0001) and critical care related cancellations (2.2% vs 8.4%, p=0.004). No significant differences in readmission rate (ERAUGIS vs CON = 11% vs 5%, p=0.134) or CD morbidity class (p=0.089) were observed. Multivariable analysis revealed that ERAUGIS (p&lt;0.0001) and anatomical site of surgery (thoracic vs abdominal, p&lt;0.0001) were independently and significantly associated with hospital LoS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ERAUGIS was associated with a fourfold reduction in CC cancellation rates, halved CC LoS and reduced total LoS by 20% without increasing serious operative morbidity. These findings show that ERAS principles outlined in colorectal surgery can be modified and applied safely to patients diagnosed with UGI cancer with significant patient safety, quality and economic benefits. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Prospective Study of Tardive Dyskinesia Incidence in the Elderly
Authors: Bruce L. Saltz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To investigate the incidence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly individuals beginning treatment with antipsychotic drugs and to identify risk factors for the development of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly.A cohort of previously neuroleptic-naive patients was identified at the time of initiation of antipsychotic drug treatment. Patients were evaluated at baseline and followed up at 3-month intervals for periods ranging from 3 to 119 weeks.Subjects were recruited from the psychiatric and geriatric medical services of two medical centers, a geriatric institute, and three nursing homes in the metropolitan area of New York City, NY.Two hundred fifteen individuals older than 55 years have entered the study thus far. Preliminary data are presented for 160 patients who were followed up for at least 1 month. Their age range was 57 to 99 years (mean, 77 years). Seventy-two percent were women and 87% were white. Sixty-seven percent of patients had a diagnosis of organic mental syndrome and 42% had a psychiatric diagnosis.A naturalistic, longitudinal, repeated assessment paradigm was employed. Assessments included abnormal involuntary movements, extrapyramidal signs, psychiatric symptoms, and medical and drug treatment histories.The incidence of tardive dyskinesia was determined using a standardized rating instrument and survival analysis.The incidence of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia was 31% (95% confidence interval, 20%, 42%) after 43 weeks of cumulative neuroleptic treatment. Psychiatric (as opposed to organic) diagnosis and presence of extrapyramidal signs early in treatment were associated with increased tardive dyskinesia vulnerability.
Births resulting from assisted conception: Authors' reply
Authors: V. Beral, P. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1990)

surprised by the relatively low proportioi of patients (two fifths) receiving internal mammary artery grafts according to the United Kingdom cardiac surgical register.We analysed the last 100 consecutive patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery in our hospital from December 1989 to May 1990.Ninety nine patients received the following arterial grafts: left internal mammary artery (75); both internal mammary arteries (22); right internal mammary artery (1); both internal mammary arteries and gastroepiploic artery (1).A sequential left internal mammary graft was used in three patients, and a free right internal mammary graft was used in three patients.The mean number of distal venous graft anastomoses was 2 5.The operative mortality was zero.Two patients had postoperative mediastinitis; both recovered well.We hope that our favourable experience with arterial conduits will encourage their increased use.
Abstract 4967: Altholactone induces caspase dependent and independent apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Nizar M. Mhaidat
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) to the available chemotherapy reveals the demand for identification of new anticancer agents. We evaluated the antitumor potential of altholactone, a naturally occurring bioactive compound isolated from Goniothalamus spp. (Annonaceae) hooks, against CRC cells. Antitumor activity of altholactone was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the propidium iodide method. Apoptosis mediators involved were assessed using biochemical inhibitors and Western blotting analysis. Results revealed that altholactone induced varying degrees of apoptosis in CRC cells but not in normal fibroblasts. Dissection of the altholactone-induced apoptotic signalling pathway revealed that altholactone activated caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. Activation of caspase-4 appeared to be the initiating event in the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Pre-treatment of CRC cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited activation of caspase-4 and altholactone-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that altholactone induces selective cytotoxicity against colon carcinoma cells and warrants further clinical evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4967. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4967
Towards global consensus on outcome measures for atopic eczema research: results of the <scp>HOME II</scp> meeting
Authors: Jochen Schmitt, Phyllis Spuls, Maarten Boers, Kim Thomas, Joanne Chalmers, Evelien Roekevisch, Mandy Schram, Richard Allsopp, Valeria Aoki, Christian Apfelbacher, Carla Bruijnzeel‐Koomen, Marjolein Bruin‐Weller, Carolyn Charman, Arnon Cohen, Magdalene Dohil, Carsten Flohr, Masutaka Furue, Uwe Gieler, Lotty Hooft, Rosemary Humphreys, Henrique Akira Ishii, Ichiro Katayama, Willem Kouwenhoven, Sinéad Langan, Sue Lewis‐Jones, Stephanie Merhand, Hiroyuki Murota, Dedee F. Murrell, Helen Nankervis, Yukihiro Ohya, Arnold Oranje, Hiromi Otsuka, Carle Paul, Yael Rosenbluth, Hidehisa Saeki, Marie‐Louise Schuttelaar, Jean‐Francois Stalder, Åke Svensson, Roberto Takaoka, Carl‐Fredrik Wahlgren, Stephan Weidinger, Andreas Wollenberg, Hywel Williams
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract The use of nonstandardized and inadequately validated outcome measures in atopic eczema trials is a major obstacle to practising evidence‐based dermatology. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema ( HOME ) initiative is an international multiprofessional group dedicated to atopic eczema outcomes research. In June 2011, the HOME initiative conducted a consensus study involving 43 individuals from 10 countries, representing different stakeholders (patients, clinicians, methodologists, pharmaceutical industry) to determine core outcome domains for atopic eczema trials, to define quality criteria for atopic eczema outcome measures and to prioritize topics for atopic eczema outcomes research. Delegates were given evidence‐based information, followed by structured group discussion and anonymous consensus voting. Consensus was achieved to include clinical signs, symptoms, long‐term control of flares and quality of life into the core set of outcome domains for atopic eczema trials. The HOME initiative strongly recommends including and reporting these core outcome domains as primary or secondary endpoints in all future atopic eczema trials. Measures of these core outcome domains need to be valid, sensitive to change and feasible. Prioritized topics of the HOME initiative are the identification/development of the most appropriate instruments for the four core outcome domains. HOME is open to anyone with an interest in atopic eczema outcomes research.
The Polyuria of Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: MICHAEL J. KINNEY, RICHARD M. STEIN, VINCENT A. DISCALA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Two patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and an associated polyuria were studied to delineate the mechanism of the increase in urine flow. A striking saluresis was noted in both patients. The increased sodium excretion was probably due to decreased sodium reabsorption, perhaps at proximal tubular nephron sites. This inhibition of sodium reabsorption could explain both the saluresis and some part or all of the polyuria. Re-evaluation of earlier case reports reveals patterns of concomitant salt and water excretion consistent with this mechanism. The saluresis cannot be explained by the previously favored hypothesis of antidiuretic hormone inhibition.
Abstract 5171: EGFR induction of SOX9 is required in a cellular migration program induced by urothelial injury and maintained in cancer
Authors: Shizhang Ling, Xiaofei Chang, Thomas Lee, Luigi Marchionni, Georges Netto, David Sidransky, David M. Berman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Data from a variety of tissue types and experimental systems indicate that the transcriptional regulator SRY-related HMG box 9 (SOX9) can be induced by injury and promote migration as well as tumor growth. We hypothesize that in cancers associated with chronic injury, such as urothelial carcinoma (UroCa), SOX9 may mediate epithelial injury repair. We found that urothelial SOX9 was induced during times of rapid proliferation during bladder organogenesis and injury repair. High levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands have been noted in urine and represent a potential trigger for urothelial injury repair programs. Using specific antagonists, we found that EGF receptor activation by cognate ligands heparain binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and/or amphiregulin was responsible for Sox9 induction in urothelial cells and tissues. As expected, EGFR activation occurred through the mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. With chronic breaches of urothelial integrity, EGFR-Sox9 stimulation may promote urothelial carcinogenesis, as Sox9 expression was significantly upregulated in invasive human UroCa samples and cell lines. When expressed in established tumors, SOX9 may confer a selective advantage to cancer cells by promoting their ability to invade and colonize new sites. As support for this idea, small interfering RNA inhibition of SOX9 levels abrogated in vitro wound healing and invasion, suggesting a role for SOX9 in tumor spread. These results indicate a potential mechanism for urothelial carcinogenesis through an EGFR-MAPK-SOX9 cascade, and a further function for this axis in established cancers. Future studies will examine the potential mechanisms supporting perseverative SOX9 expression in cancer and opportunities for disrupting this pathway as a therapeutic strategy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5171.
Directional Effects of Acute Total-Body X-Irradiation: Exposure Rate Versus Homogeneity of Exposure1
Authors: D. E. Uphoff, R. W. Swain, GilbertM. Bowie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Survival patterns of NBL/Up mice exposed to 675-800 R of total-body x-radiation depended on direction and rate of exposure. Homogeneous dual exposures administered at 126 R/minute were more effective than those administered at 63 R/minute. Dorsal and dual exposures at 63 R/minute were equally effective, while absorption reduced the effectiveness of ventral exposures. Since cellular repair of hematopoietic tissue was initiated only during exposure, increased homogeneity without increased exposure rate would not increase effectiveness. With rate, direction, and homogeneity influencing the effectiveness of total-body exposures, fallacies inherent in converting total-body exposures to absorbed tissue dose became apparent.
Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner and Rector's <i>The Kidney</i>
Authors: Gerald Schulman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 May 2000Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner and Rector's The KidneyGerald Schulman, MDGerald Schulman, MDVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. (Schulman)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Oparil S, Weber MA, eds. 784 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. $95.00. ISBN 0721677649. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Cardiovascular diseases, nephrology, and endocrinology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians and trainees in internal medicine, cardiology, hypertension, vascular medicine, and nephrology.Purpose: To provide a comprehensive reference on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, consequences, and clinical management of essential and secondary hypertension.Content: The book provides in-depth coverage of the pathophysiology of, risk factors for, and epidemiology of hypertension; the mechanisms of action of antihypertensive drugs; and management of diseases associated with hypertension. It also offers a concise summary of recent clinical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Gerald Schulman, MDAffiliations: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. (Schulman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10Page: 848KeywordsCardiology and cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyClinical epidemiologyClinical trialsEndocrinologyHypertensionNephrologyPrimary hypertensionSecondary hypertensionVascular medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fetal Tobacco Syndrome
Authors: Joe B. Tye
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Medical Association's recent report on tobacco-products liability<sup>1</sup>omitted an important source of probable future liability for tobacco companies: cigarette-induced diseases of pregnancy. Tobacco smoke contains many toxic substances, including nicotine, carbon monoxide, and radioactive polonium, which are transplacentally transmitted to the developing fetus. According to one authority, 13 700 perinatal deaths are caused each year as a result of smoking by pregnant women.<sup>2</sup>The 1983 cost of providing neonatal intensive care for cigarette-related low-birth-weight infants is estimated to have been $180 million.<sup>3</sup> The association between tobacco use by pregnant women and infant disease and death is not a recent revelation. A 1957 study reviewed animal and human studies linking pregnant women's tobacco exposure with elevated infant death rates and reported a strong relationship between maternal cigarette smoking and premature delivery.<sup>4</sup>In subsequent years, medical research linked maternal smoking with a growing
Linkage of an important gene locus for tuberous sclerosis to a chromosome 16 marker for polycystic kidney disease
Authors: R. S. Kandt, J. L. Haines, M. Smith, H. Northrup, R. J. M. Gardner, M. P. Short, K. Dumars, E. S. Roach, S. Steingold, S. Wall, S. H. Blanton, P. Flodman, D. J. Kwiatkowski, A. Jewell, J. L. Weber, A. D. Roses, M. A. Pericak-Vance
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Cause Bullous Pemphigoid in Diabetic Patients: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Efi Pasmatzi, Alexandra Monastirli, John Habeos, Sophia Georgiou, Dionysios Tsambaos
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoantibodies against two antigens (BPAG1 and 2) and can be induced by drugs (1,2). Recently, the development of BP was reported in diabetic patients treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins) plus metformin (3). However, it remains unknown whether gliptins alone or in combination with metformin are responsible for the induction of BP. We report two diabetic patients who developed BP shortly after addition of vildagliptin to their metformin monotherapy.

A 59-year-old woman and a 67-year- old man, both with type 2 diabetes that had been controlled with metformin for 6 and 3 years, respectively, presented with an 1- and 3-month history of pruritic …
Care of the dying patient in the community
Authors: E. Collis, R. Al-Qurainy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

The consensus from international studies of patient preferences is that, given adequate support, most people would prefer to die at home.1 2 3 However, more than half of all deaths in the United Kingdom occur in hospital, with only 18% of people dying in their own home.4 Suggested reasons for this include a lack of anticipatory care planning, poor coordination between healthcare agencies, and insufficient community resources. National and local policies now focus on facilitating home deaths, and recently there has been a small increase in the proportion and absolute number of people dying at home.5

The demographics of deaths across Europe are changing with the ageing population, with deaths from dementia, cancer, and chronic diseases becoming more common.6 7 Caring for such patients in hospital will probably become unsustainable in terms of capacity, cost, and patient satisfaction. The focus of end of life care is therefore shifting to the community—to homes and care homes—where the role of the general practitioner, with support from the community palliative care team, is key. The onus is on all health and social care professionals to work collaboratively across settings to enable patients to receive high quality end of life care in the place of their choice.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched the Cochrane Database of …