tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep vein thrombosis. Diagnosis.
Authors: N Browse
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Deep Vein ThrombosisIn the articles below three contributors discuss recent progress in the diagnosis and medical and surgical manage- ment of deep vein thrombosis.Mr. Norman Browse concludes that not only is phlebography the most valuable method for diagnosis but that it may help correct management.Dr. P. T. ilute emphasizes that anticoagulants may be ineffective in preventing pulmonary embolism from recent thrombi in the popliteal or more proximal deep veins, and that fibrinolytic drugs are a possible alternative to surgery.Considering surgical management, Mr. G. E. Mayor illustrates the usefulness of classifying deep vein thrombosis as peripheral or iliofemoral. Diagnosis
XBP1s levels are implicated in the biology and outcome of myeloma mediating different clinical outcomes to thalidomide-based treatments
Authors: Tina Bagratuni, Ping Wu, David Gonzalez de Castro, Emma L. Davenport, Nicholas J. Dickens, Brian A. Walker, Kevin Boyd, David C. Johnson, Walter Gregory, Gareth J. Morgan, Faith E. Davies
Journal: Blood (2010)
A National University of the Health Sciences
Authors: Louis M. Rousselot
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Aus military medical school has been a subject of discussion for at least 65 years; it was the subject of a major presentation at a meeting of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States in 1903. Since 1953 Representative F. Edward Hebert of Louisiana has been the principal proponent of a military medical school. Uniformly this proposal has met with rejection not only by the armed services, but by the medical profession generally, and by medical educators particularly. The salient objections to a military medical school, documented in numerous responses and hearings, can be summarized somewhat as follows:  A military medical academy is not a proper basis for the study of medicine. The least dogmatic of the professions, the curriculum of medical education is becoming more varied and abundant with every new class. Medicine is a profession which requires its practitioners to evaluate problems of disease in humans
Zwei neue transurethrale Operationsmethoden: Kältechirurgie der Prostata und elektrische Lithotripsie
Authors: P. Porpáczy
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

Cryosurgery of the prostate represents a step forward in the treatment of the small group of patients with a very high operative mortality risk. Cryosurgery cannot replace the conventional surgical methods, suprapubic prostatectomy as well as transurethral resection, but may lower the mortality rate and widen the indication. The results in 56 patients are reported and discussed. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed in 36 cases. The advantages of the method are pointed out.
Cleaning and disinfection of hospital floors.
Authors: G. A. Ayliffe, B. J. Collins, E. J. Lowbury
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Hospital floors become contaminated by settlement of airborne bacteria, by contact with shoes, trolley wheels, and other solid objects, and occasionally by the spilling of urine, pus, sputum, and other fluids.Pathogens commonly present on the floor include Staphylococcus aureus dispersed by patients and staff, and (in much smaller numbers) Gram-negative rods, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Spores of Clostridium tetani and gas-gangrene bacilli are also present on floors, probably deposited in larger numbers from shoes and trolley wheels than by deposition from the air.Some of the bacteria lie loosely in dust, while others are ingrained into the surface and between cracks.The removal of this reservoir is one of the normal aims in the control of hospital infection.Dispersal of bacteria into the air has been greatly reduced through the replacement of brooms by vacuum cleaners in wards (Rogers, 1951 ; Bate, 1961 ; Babb, Lilley, and Lowbury, 1963), but vacuum cleaners and also oiled mops do not remove a large proportion of the bacteria from floors (Babb et al., 1963).Scrubbing and disinfection might be expected to have a larger effect, and useful results of disinfection are reported by Foster (1960).Finegold, Sweeney, Gaylor, Brady, andMiller (1962) andVesley andMichaelsen (1964), on the other hand, have reported no significant difference in the reduction of bacterial counts on floors washed with detergents or with disinfectants.We describe here a comparison of alternative methods of disinfecting and cleaning ward floors.The prompt recon- tamination of disinfected areas, and the consequent need to cover test areas during assessments of disinfection, became apparent during the study. Materials and Methods DisinfectantsA selection of agents commonly recommended for surface disinfection was investigated.The concentration chosen was 1/100 of concentrate or 1 % w/v for most of the disinfectants, but the concentration recommended by the manufacturers was used if this was markedly different.Aqueous solutions of the following compounds were studied:
Benefit from Testosterone and Hydrocortisone on Coronary Atherogenesis in Cockerels on a Low Protein Atherogenic Diet
Authors: SAVITRI JAIN, RUTH PICK, LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

In the presence of high fat and high cholesterol in the diet, growing cockerels showed more marked hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis when their protein intake was low. Testosterone counteracted both the increased hypercholesterolemic and the enhanced atherogenic effects of a low protein diet. Hydrocortisone markedly aggravated the hypercholesterolemia in these cockerels but offered significant protection against coronary atherogenesis when associated with a low protein intake. When the dietary protein level is adequate neither testosterone nor hydrocortisone lowered coronary atherogenesis, despite modification of plasma cholesterol levels. Protein level in the diet must be considered in evaluating hormonal atherogenic effects.
Peripheral Vascular Leakage in Uveitis: Clinical and Angiographic Findings
Authors: John P. Campbell, Robert M. Beardsley, Neal V. Palejwala, Justin T. Baynham, Wonchon Lin, Eric B. Suhler, James T. Rosenbaum, Christina J. Flaxel, Phoebe Lin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Surfactant medication for acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: S. V. Baudouin
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Background.Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a deficiency of surfactant.Surfactant replacement improves physiologic function in such patients, and preliminary data suggest that it may improve survival.Methods.We conducted a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 725 patients with sepsis-induced ARDS.Patients were stratified according to the risk of death at base line (indicated by their score on the Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE III] index) and randomly assigned to receive either continuously administered synthetic surfactant (13.5 mg of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine per millilitre; 364 patients) or placebo (0.45 percent saline; 361 patients) in aerosolized form for up to five days.Results.The demographic and physiologic characteristics of the two treatment groups were similar at base line.The mean (±SD) age was 50±17 years in the surfactant group and 53±18 years in the placebo group, and the mean APACHE III scores at randomization were 70.4±25 and 70.5±25, respectively.Hemodynamic measures, measures of oxygenation, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay in the intensive care unit did not differ significantly in the two groups.Survival at 30 days was 60 percent for both groups.Survival was similar in the groups when analyzed according to APACHE III score, cause of death, time of onset and severity of ARDS, presence or absence of documented sepsis, underlying disease, whether or not there was a do-not-resuscitate order, and medical center.Increased secretions were significantly more frequent in the surfactant group; the rates of other complications were similar in the two groups.Conclusions.The continuous administration of aerosolized synthetic surfactant to patients with sepsis induced ARDS had no significant effect on 30 day survival, length of stay in the intensive care unit, duration of mechanical ventilation, or physiologic function.
The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries
Authors: Vinand M Nantulya, Michael R Reich
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As the trade and information flows in the financial markets have grown, they have become increasingly volatile and sensitive to extreme events. Markets are now characterized by more frequent extreme events. Generally, such extreme events in the market are not normally distributed and need to be modeled separately. Extreme value theory (EVT) is highly successful and is dedicated to modeling these catastrophic events. The question now is which extreme values can be better estimated monthly, quarterly, or yearly. Hence, in this study, returns are divided into blocks of various sizes, and minimum return in these blocks is modeled using GEV distribution. Gumbel, Frechet, and Weibull type GEV distribution parameters for blocks of minimum monthly, quarterly, and yearly returns are estimated for NASDAQ returns of the last 30 years. The study also seeks to determine the accuracy of return level estimates obtained using GEV distribution. Return levels can be useful in characterizing bearish and bullish trends and predicting the same. <b>TOPICS:</b>Financial crises and financial market history, tail risks, quantitative methods
Acute Cholecystitis in AIDS Patients: Correlation of Tc-99m Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy with Histopathologic Laboratory Findings and CD4 Counts
Authors: ARMOND G. CACCIARELLI, SLEIMAN Y. NADDAF, HUSSAM A. EL-ZEFTAWY, MOHAMED AZIZ, WALID S. OMAR, MITHILESH KUMAR, SAADET ATAY, HANI ABUJUDEH, JOHN GILLOOLEY, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

AIDS patients are susceptible to opportunistic gastrointestinal infections including ascending cholangitis and cholecystitis, especially if CD4 count is < 200. Incidence of acalculous cholecystitis has not been reported previously.We aim to evaluate the incidence of acalculous cholecystitis in AIDS patients and to identify causative organisms and mortality rate following cholecystectomy.We reviewed the files of 46 patients in order to meet the objectives of this study.CD4 counts were < 200 in 31 patients and > 200 in 15 patients. HIDA imaging was performed in 31 patients; in 8, the CD4 count was > 200 and all had calculous cholecystitis. The gallbladder was visualized in 3 patients for a sensitivity of 63% and no organisms were found in the gallbladder specimens. In 23 patients, the CD4 count was < 200; the gallbladder was visualized in 5 patients for a HIDA sensitivity of 78%; 16 (52%) had acalculous cholecystitis; and 15 had calculous cholecystitis. In acalculous cholecystitis, Cryptosporidium was found in six cases, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in six cases, and fungus, yeast, tuberculosis, and mycobacterium avium intracellular each in one case. The thirty day mortality rate was 18%; 5 of 28 who underwent open cholecystectomy died within 30 days, 4 of them with a CD4 count < 200. There was no mortality in the 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.(1) Because of the high incidence of 52% of acalculous cholecystitis in AIDS patients with a CD4 count < 200, we recommend using intravenous cholecystokinin if the gallbladder is visualized on hepatobiliary scintigraphy in order to determine gallbladder ejection fraction and exclude acalculous cholecystitis. (2) Laparoscopic rather than open cholecystectomy should be the surgical procedure of choice in AIDS patients especially if the CD4 count is < 200.
Preventive Medicine in World War II. Vol. V: Communicable Disease
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Another comprehensive volume on World War II medicine, published by the office of the surgeon general, has appeared. This measures up to the same high standards of the previous volumes and discusses communicable diseases from actinomycosis through hookworm, leptospirosis, schistosomiasis, Bullis fever, poliomyelitis, Q fever, trachoma, venereal diseases, viral hepatitis, and yaws. Since it is not possible to discuss each chapter, I arbitrarily chose the chapter on leprosy because it particularly interested me. Leprosy continues to be a disease of the tropics and the subtropics. Little is known regarding susceptibility of various age groups. In countries in which the disease is endemic, the infection is usually contracted in childhood. In the United States, most of the patients suffer from the lepromatous type. The only known sources of infection are from persons suffering from the disease. Military interests usually concern chance contact with lepromatous persons. Between 1921 and 1940, 51 World
TCT-666 Long Term Prognosis of In-Stent Restenosis after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation and Predictors of Recurrent Restenosis: Data from the ASAN DES-ISR Registry
Authors: Won-Jang Kim, Shin-Eui Yoon, Seung Mo Kang, Uk Jo, Hyun Woo Park, Young-Rak Cho, Gyung-Min Park, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Website of the week: Ear health
Authors: C. McKenna
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It's one of life's great mysteries—what exactly are cotton buds for if, as the disclaimer says, they're not for cleaning ears? This week's 10-minute consultation (p 27) looks at ear wax removal, but an internet search on the subject will give you hours of fun. A plethora of weird and wacky instruments, with names such as “Master Blaster” and “The Real McCoy,” has been designed for this purpose (www.earclear.com). However, for more reliable information on ear wax removal, direct parents of young children to http://family.go.com/raisingkids/child/health/childhealth/dony79enc_earwax/.

The website of the US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (www.nidcd.nih.gov/) has excellent sections on childhood hearing disorders and otitis media, which is the subject of a paper in this week's BMJ (p 22). The site, which is available in English and Spanish, is colourful and user friendly. Its layout is wonderfully clear, with a list of common questions worried parents might ask, and the site covers hearing problems from childhood first diagnosis. There is even a special interactive section for kids and teachers with games for children to play and classroom activities that aim to demystify hearing problems. This is a great site to recommend to parents who want that extra information that doctors don't have time to give.

For parents who want comprehensive and clear information specifically about otitis media, www.kidsource.com/ASHA/otitis.html is a valuable resource. The BMJ paper describes how prescription of antibiotics for otitis media is a difficult area for doctors and thus one which parents may find hard to understand. Medinfo is a useful tool for parents: it outlines the treatment options for otitis media (www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/otitismedia.html) and considers arguments for and against antibiotic use (www.medinfo.co.uk/conditions/otitism-antib.html). Doctors who want more information should visit www.update-software.com/abstracts/ab000219.htm, which summarises the Cochrane Review on antibiotics for acute otitis media in children.
Childhood Leukemia in the Vicinity of the Geesthacht Nuclear Establishments near Hamburg, Germany
Authors: Wolfgang Hoffmann, Claudia Terschueren, David B. Richardson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

During 1990-1991 a childhood leukemia cluster was observed in the sparsely populated region surrounding two nuclear establishments southeast of Hamburg, Germany. Since then, several new cases have been reported. Recently a possible accidental release of radionuclides in 1986 was hypothesized.The objective of this study was to analyze the childhood leukemia incidence in this area since 1990.All incident cases (< 15 years of age) were ascertained during 1990-2005 within a 5-km radius of the Krümmel nuclear power plant. We derived standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using county and national leukemia incidence rates as referents. We stratified analyses by calendar period and attained age, and by subdividing the study region into areas north versus south of the Elbe river.Fourteen cases were ascertained in the study area, whereas 4.0 were expected based on national referent rates [1990-2005: SIR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-5.9]. The excess was not confined to the early 1990s; for the more recent time period 1999-2005, the SIR is still elevated (SIR = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.9-6.2). SIRs of greatest magnitude were observed for children 0-4 years of age (SIR = 4.9; 95% CI, 2.4-9.0) and for residents south of the Elbe (SIR = 7.5; 95% CI, 2.8-16.4).The incidence in this region is significantly higher than the childhood leukemia incidence for Germany as a whole. To date, no unique hazards have been identified in this population. The fact that the elevated rates have persisted in this community for > 15 years warrants further investigation.
Aplidin synergizes with cytosine arabinoside: functional relevance of mitochondria in Aplidin-induced cytotoxicity
Authors: R Humeniuk, L G Menon, P J Mishra, G Saydam, G S A Longo-Sorbello, Y Elisseyeff, L D Lewis, M Aracil, J Jimeno, J R Bertino, D Banerjee
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Loss of the Renal Vasoconstrictor Activity of Angiotensin II during Renal Ischemia*
Authors: John C. McGiff, Harold D. Itskovitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Angiotensin (21)Control 133 ± 4.7 174 i 5.6Angiotensin, iv, 0.1 lsg/kg 168 :1 4.5 88 i 6.7t 150 Renal ischemia 113 4-4.3 72 i-5.3 1 Angiotensin during ischemia, 150 4 5.6 120 i 6.9t iv, 0.1 gg/kg Levarterenol (18) Control 114 i 4.4 156 i 9.4 Levarterenol, iv, 1.0 Ag/kg 144 4 5.8 62 i 7.3t 201 Renal ischemia 114 4 8.6 88 4t 7.6 Levarterenol during ischemia, 136 ± 8.3 57 ± 3.5t iv, 1.0 jug/kg * The blood pressure was measured above the arterial constriction.
LXRs regulate the balance between fat storage and oxidation
Authors: Nada Y. Kalaany, Karine C. Gauthier, Ann Marie Zavacki, Pradeep P.A. Mammen, Tatsuya Kitazume, Julian A. Peterson, Jay D. Horton, Daniel J. Garry, Antonio C. Bianco, David J. Mangelsdorf
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
Abstract 2330: Transcription factor MAZ promotes cell growth and aggressive behavior of human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Gargi Maity, Sandipto Sarkar, Kakali Dhar, Gopal Dhar, Inamul Haque, Sushanta K. Banerjee, Snigdha Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth most common cancer in the United States and the eighth worldwide. PDAC is most aggressive type of cancer that spreads rapidly and is seldom detected in its early stages as signs and symptoms may not appear until pancreatic cancer is quite advanced. MAZ (Myc-associated zinc-finger protein) or SAF1 (Serum amyloid A activating factor 1) gene is a member of multiple Cys2-His2-type zinc finger proteins that are activated in response to various inflammatory signals and may act as a transcription factor with dual roles in transcription initiation and termination. Deregulation of MAZ expression has been shown to be related to the development and progression of various cancers like prostate cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, mode of action of MAZ in carcinogenesis is unclear. We found that MAZ mRNA and protein levels were markedly elevated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples as compared to adjacent normal tissues and the expression profile was increased as the disease progressed. Similarly, MAZ mRNA and protein levels were increased several folds in aggressive pancreatic cancer cell lines as compared to non-transformed pancreatic cancer cell lines. Functional analysis demonstrates that siRNA-based depletion of MAZ significantly inhibits in vitro cellular growth, colony formation, anchorage independent growth and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, MAZ regulates BIRC5, a pancreatic cancer promoting gene, to possibly exert its pathobiological function. Moreover, we found that CCN1/Cyr61 is an upstream regulator of MAZ. Collectively, these findings indicate that MAZ is a downstream target of CCN1 and plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression and differentiation. Thus, MAZ could be an ideal target for PDAC management. [This work is supported by VA Merit Award Grant (SB/SKB)] Citation Format: Gargi Maity, Sandipto Sarkar, Kakali Dhar, Gopal Dhar, Inamul Haque, Sushanta K. Banerjee, Snigdha Banerjee. Transcription factor MAZ promotes cell growth and aggressive behavior of human pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2330. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2330
Abstract LB-317: Potent <i>in vivo</i> pharmacology of AZD9150, a next-generation, constrained ethyl-modified antisense oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 in multiple preclinical cancer models.
Authors: Youngsoo Kim, Jeff Hsu, Tianyuan Zhou, Nancy Zhang, Richard Woessner, Murali VP Nadella, Deborah Lawson, Corinne Reimer, Guobin He, Joanna Schmidt, Xiaokun Xiao, Sarah Greenlee, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Gene Hung, Brett P. Monia, A. Robert MacLeod
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Next generation sequencing technologies have greatly expanded our understanding of cancer genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes. This knowledge, however, has not yet been effectively translated into improved cancer therapeutics, partly due to the inability of available therapeutic modalities to target the most promising cancer driver pathways. In contrast to other therapeutic approaches, the druggable universe is not limited with antisense technology as inhibitors can be rationally designed based on sequence information alone. Recent human clinical data has demonstrated potent activity of systemically-administered, unformulated, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) when targeted to liver expressed genes. However, robust activity in extra-heptatic tissues and tumors has been limited with existing ASO chemistries. Here we evaluate the activity of high affinity next generation (constrained ethyl) ASOs in extrahepatic tissues and tumors of multiple preclinical cancer models including spontaneous tumors, human tumor xenografts and several primary patient-derived xenograft models. As a test case we employed next generation ASOs to inhibit the difficult to drug transcription factor STAT3. ASOs targeting mouse STAT3 sequences and the human-specific STAT3 ASO (AZD9150) demonstrate potent and selective inhibition of target RNA and protein levels in tumors and tumor-associated stromal cells of a broad range of cancer models, resulting in strong antitumor activity in several models. These findings suggest that next generation ASO technology is now poised to become a key therapeutic modality to bridge the pharmacogenomic divide in cancer drug discovery. The STAT3 ASO inhibitor, AZD9150 is currently in human clinical studies including patients with lymphomas. Citation Format: Youngsoo Kim, Jeff Hsu, Tianyuan Zhou, Nancy Zhang, Richard Woessner, Murali VP Nadella, Deborah Lawson, Corinne Reimer, Guobin He, Joanna Schmidt, Xiaokun Xiao, Sarah Greenlee, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Gene Hung, Brett P. Monia, A. Robert MacLeod. Potent in vivo pharmacology of AZD9150, a next-generation, constrained ethyl-modified antisense oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 in multiple preclinical cancer models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-317. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-317