tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and cerebral infarction.
Authors: J. Prineas, J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1966)

At the time when this estimate was made a total of 4,263 children (all in Grade O, I, or II initially) had been admitted to the unvac cinated group. According to the estimate 98 cases of leprosy would be expected to develop among them during a period of follow-up of five years. It was not known whether the population of child contacts was stationary, but it was suspected that, as a result of the treatment of known cases, the risk of contracting leprosy might be falling. In addition it was uncertain how effectively the participants could be traced for follow-up examinations, and whether it would be possible to continue these for as long as five years. In the circumstances it was safer to assume that perhaps only about half of the above total of 98 cases would develop and be detected in the course of the trial. If, say, 50 cases were found in the unvaccinated group, then it would not be permissible to claim a clear benefit from B.C.G. vaccination unless 25 or fewer cases were found in a randomly allocated vaccinated group of equal size (any lesser difference could be attributed to chance). Since it was important to be able to detect a reduction in leprosy incidence due to B.C.G. vaccination, if it occurred, which was less than 50%, it was decided to increase the number of participants in the trial, and the intake was continued.
α 4 β 1 integrin (VLA-4) blockade reduces neointimal growth after carotid air desiccation injury in the ApoE (−/−) mouse
Authors: Kurt G. Barringhaus, J.William Phillips, John M. Sanders, Ann C. Czamik, Klaus F. Ley, Ian J. Sarembock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization
Authors: Thaweesak Chieochansin, Rujipat Samransamruajkit, Salin Chutinimitkul, Sunchai Payungporn, Thitikul Hiranras, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Yong Poovorawan
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)

Human bocavirus (HBoV), a novel virus, which based on molecular analysis has been associated with respiratory tract diseases in infants and children have recently been studied worldwide. To determine prevalence, clinical features and perform phylogenetic analysis in HBoV infected Thai pediatric patients.HBoV was detected from 302 nasopharyngeal (NP) suctions of pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness and sequenced applying molecular techniques.The incidence of HBoV infection in pediatric patients amounted to 6.62% with 40% co-infected with other respiratory viruses. There were no clinical specific manifestations for HBoV; however, fever and productive cough were commonly found. Generalized rales and wheezing were detected in most of the patients as well as perihilar infiltrates. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial VP1 genes showed minor variations.Our results indicated that HBoV can be detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract illness.
On losing your molecular privacy
Authors: F. Lohr
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Have you read 1984 lately? If not, don't bother. With surveillance cameras being installed at a frantic pace and personal customer data being traded among companies as a commodity, the vision of permanent surveillance has more or less materialised in our daily lives, leaving Orwell's prose somewhat outdated.

There is, however, a process that may have an even more profound impact. What is it about? The attack on your blueprint, your genes. Forty six years after James Watson and Francis Crick determined the precise structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, which is the medium that carries all our genetic information, we have come close to the total biological information age. While internet privacy is a hot topic, protection of information about your genetic makeup is not yet considered a major problem. This might be a dangerous misconception Our lives may be changed by biomedical progress more …
THE HEART IN ACUTE RHEUMATISM.
Authors: DELANCEY ROCHESTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

As long ago as 1870, Sir Thomas Watson, in his wonderfully clear lectures, one of the greatest works on medicine published, says: "In truth, acute rheumatism is a blood disease. The circulating blood carries with it a poisonous material, which by virtue of some mutual or elective affinity, falls upon the fibrous tissues in particular, visiting them and quitting them with a variableness that resembles caprice, but is ruled, no doubt, by definite laws, to use, as yet, unknown." In our actual knowledge of the materies morbi of this particular disease we have made no material advance in the last thirty years. Flint, in 1881, said: "A special predisposition is requisite; in other words, the disease involves a rheumatic diathesis. This predisposition may be congenital and inherited, or it may be acquired. Statistics establish conclusively the hereditary transmission of the disease. When we recall, however, that at that time statistics
Protective Conditioning for Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Robert Lowsky, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Yin Ping Liu, Sussan Dejbakhsh-Jones, F. Carl Grumet, Judith A. Shizuru, Ginna G. Laport, Keith E. Stockerl-Goldstein, Laura J. Johnston, Richard T. Hoppe, Daniel A. Bloch, Karl G. Blume, Robert S. Negrin, Samuel Strober
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Conditioning with total lymphoid irradiation plus antithymocyte serum protects mice against acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic-cell transplantation. We tested this strategy in humans.Thirty-seven patients with lymphoid malignant diseases or acute leukemia underwent an experimental conditioning regimen with 10 doses of total lymphoid irradiation (80 cGy each) plus antithymocyte globulin, followed by an infusion of HLA-matched peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from related or unrelated donors who received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.Of the 37 transplant recipients, only 2 had acute GVHD after hematopoietic-cell transplantation. Potent antitumor effects in patients with lymphoid malignant diseases were shown by the change from partial to complete remission. In the transplant recipients who underwent conditioning with total lymphoid irradiation and antithymocyte globulin, the fraction of donor CD4+ T cells that produced interleukin-4 after in vitro stimulation increased by a factor of five, and the proliferative response to alloantigens in vitro was reduced, as compared with normal control subjects and control subjects who underwent conditioning with a single dose of total-body irradiation (200 cGy).A regimen of total lymphoid irradiation plus antithymocyte globulin decreases the incidence of acute GVHD and allows graft antitumor activity in patients with lymphoid malignant diseases or acute leukemia treated with hematopoietic-cell transplantation.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Erectile Dysfunction in People With Long-Term IDDM
Authors: Ronald Klein, Barbara E K Klein, Kristine E Lee, Scot E Moss, Karen J Cruickshanks
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this report is to examine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and relationships to other characteristics in men with younger-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a population-based cohort study in southern Wisconsin, prevalence of erectile dysfunction was measured based on self reports in men who were 21 years of age or older, were &amp;lt;30 years of age at diagnosis of diabetes, had 10 or more years of diabetes, and were taking insulin (n = 365). RESULTS Of the study group, 20% reported a history of erectile dysfunction. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction increased with increasing age (from 1.1% in those 21–30 years of age to 47.1% in those 43 years of age or older, P for trend &amp;lt; 0.0001) and with increasing duration of diabetes (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.0001). Erectile dysfunction was associated with presence of severe diabetic retinopathy, a history of peripheral neuropathy, amputation, cardiovascular disease, a higher glycosylated hemoglobin, use of antihypertensive medications, and higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that tighter glycemic control and careful selection of antihypertensive medications might prove beneficial.
Splenectomy for a case with Waldenström macroglobulinemia with giant splenomegaly
Authors: Masami Nagai, Kazuma Ikeda, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Yuka Amino, Shozo Irino, Akira Sato, Hirotsugu Uda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Splenectomy for a Case with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia With Giant SplenomegalySplenomegaly is a common finding in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia as a part of the multisystemic disease.However, a case showing giant splenomegaly as a sole initial finding has been so far rarely reported.Here, we describe a patient with WM having giant splenomegaly who achieved a striking response to splenectomy.The patient was a 53-year-old man who had been well until February 1985, when he first experienced easy fatiguability and malaise.Mild splenomegaly and liver dysfunction were found, but he received no further evaluation.In August 1987, he was admitted to our hospital because of a sense of abdominal fullness and Raynaud symptoms.Physical examination revealed anemia, a palpable spleen to 17 cm below the left costal margin and no appreciable lymphadenopathy.The complete blood count (CBC) revealed hemoglobin 9.3 g/dl, platelets 72,OOO/pl, and leukocytes 3,2001pl with 70% mature lymphocytes.A bone marrow aspirate was normocellular with increased numbers (32%) of lymphocytes and lymphoplasmacytoid cells.Total serum protein was 9.1 g/dl with 41.5% gammaglobulin.Quantitative immunoglobulins were as follows: IgG 2,544 mg/dl, IgA 226 mg/dl, and IgM 2,220 mg/dl.Immunoelectrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgM paraprotein (K type) in the serum.The diagnosis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia was made and he was treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of melpharan, prednisolone, vincristine, and cyclophophamide.The chemotherapy initially led to symptomatic improvements, but in March 1989 severe pancytopenia and visual disturbances developed.The IgM protein had increased to 3,120 mg/dl.An exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy were performed.The spleen was markedly enlarged and weighed 2,820 g.Microscopic examination showed a great proliferation of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and transitional lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the white pulp with expansion into the red pulp.Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and pancytopenia disappeared in a short time.From 3 months after operation, the patient has received 8 mglday melpharan and 40 mg/day prednisolone for 5 days every 1.5 month and he remained free of symptoms for 20 months.The last laboratory findings were as follows: hemoglobin 14.9 g/dl, platelets 203,00O/pl, leukocytes 5,OOO/pl with normal differentials, and IgM 1,630 mg/dl.
comparison of Plasma Lipoproteins and Apoproteins in Chinese and American Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects and Controls
Authors: X-R Pan, C E Walden, G R Warnick, S-X Hu, J J Albers, M Cheung, E L Bierman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins were compared among Chinese and American controls and noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects in the same laboratory. Apoprotein AI concentrations in Chinese subjects, both NIDDM subjects and controls (men, 147 and 158 mg/dl, respectively), were significantly higher than those in American subjects (men, 104 and 124 mg/dl, respectively). Apoprotein All concentrations, however, were comparable between Chinese and American subjects. Chinese NIDDM subjects had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and higher apoprotein B levels than Chinese controls. Chinese subjects with NIDDM had HDLC and LDLC levels similar to those of American controls but trends of higher HDLC and lower LDLC compared with American subjects with NIDDM. These differences may in part explain the relatively higher incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in Americans.
Giant-celled arthritis and light.
Authors: T. W. Stewart
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article Giant‐celled arthritis and light. Get access T. W. Stewart T. W. Stewart Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 11, 1 November 1965, Page 598, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14585.x Published: 01 November 1965
Gene therapy using a novel method of delivery: continuous perimuscular infiltration
Authors: Ariel Roguin, Samy Nitecki, Irit Rubinstein, Edmond Sabo, Zaid A. Abassi, Meira Frank, Nina S. Levy, Orit Lache, Aharon Hoffman, Andrew P. Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
BLEEDING IS ASSOCIATED WITH A GREATER MORTALITY HAZARD IN WOMEN COMPARED WITH MEN: INSIGHTS FROM THE BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD OF MICHIGAN CARDIOVASCULAR CONSORTIUM REGISTRY
Authors: Hussein Othman, Sherezade Khambatta, Milan Seth, Thomas LaLonde, Howard Rosman, Hitinder Gurm, Rajendra Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Causes of Pure Aortic Regurgitation in Patients Having Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement at a Single US Tertiary Hospital (1993 to 2005)
Authors: William Clifford Roberts, Jong Mi Ko, Timothy Richard Moore, William Hampton Jones
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The causes of aortic regurgitation (AR) severe enough to warrant aortic valve replacement (AVR) have received little attention in the last 20 years.We analyzed the causes of pure AR in 268 patients > 20 years of age having isolated AVR at Baylor University Medical Center from 1993 to 2005 that was unassociated with mitral stenosis, mitral valve replacement, or a previous operation involving a cardiac valve or ascending aorta. In 122 patients (46%), the AR resulted from a problem with the aortic valve: congenital malformation unassociated with infective endocarditis, 66 patients (54%); infective endocarditis, 46 patients (38%; 15 with bicuspid valves); probable rheumatic heart disease, 8 patients (6%); and miscellaneous, 2 patients (2%). In the other 146 patients (54%), the AR was the consequence of a condition affecting the ascending aorta: dissection, 28 patients (19%); the Marfan syndrome or its forme fruste variety, 15 patients (10%); aortitis, 12 patients (8%), and in the remaining 91 patients (62%), the cause of the AR was not determined. This latter group was the oldest (mean age 66 years), 83 (91%) had hypertension, 26 (29%) had small calcific deposits in the valve cusps, and 46 (51%) had simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting.The causes of pure AR severe enough to warrant isolated AVR are diverse. The most common category in this study was "cause unclear."
Diastolic dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Effect on active force generation during systole.
Authors: J K Gwathmey, S E Warren, G M Briggs, L Copelas, M D Feldman, P J Phillips, M Callahan, F J Schoen, W Grossman, J P Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that intracellular Ca++ [( Ca++]i) overload underlies the diastolic dysfunction of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Myocardial tissue was obtained at the time of surgery or transplantation from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and was compared with control myocardium obtained from patients without heart disease. The isometric contractions and electrophysiologic properties of all myocardial specimens were recorded by standard techniques and [Ca++]i was measured with the bioluminescent calcium indicator aequorin. In contrast to the controls, action potentials, Ca++ transients, and isometric contraction and relaxation were markedly prolonged in the hypertrophic myocardium, and the Ca++ transients consisted of two distinct components. At 38 degrees C and 1 Hz pacing frequency, a state of relative Ca++ overload appeared develop, which produced a rise in end-diastolic [Ca++]i, incomplete relaxation, and fusion of twitches with a resultant decrease in active tension development. We also found that drugs with increase [Ca++]i, such as digitalis, exacerbated these abnormalities, whereas drugs that lower [Ca++]i, such as verapamil, or agents that increase cyclic AMP, such as forskolin, prevented them. These results may explain why patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tolerate tachycardia poorly, and may have important implications with regard to the pharmacologic treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 1254: Altered lipid and glucose metabolism is a cellular adaptation to tumor acidic microenvironments
Authors: Jonathan W. Wojtkowiak, Natalie M. Barkey, Virendra Kumar, Mark C. Lloyd, Robert A. Gatenby, Robert J. Gillies
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract As a consequence of increased glucose metabolism and poor perfusion, solid tumors are acidic. Tumor cells must overcome this physical microenvironmental barrier in order to progress. To better understand phenotypes associated with extracellular acidosis, MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells were acutely and chronically exposed to low pH (6.7) growth conditions. In the acute phase, low pH reduced proliferation, induced a G1cell cycle arrest, and increased cytoplasmic vacuolization, with no observable effect on cell viability. Following chronic (3 month) exposure, MDA-MB-231 cells had restored proliferation to control levels with no cell cycle arrest, yet remained highly vacuolated. Our prior work identified a subset of these vacuoles to be autophagic, while the rest appeared to be lipid droplets. Confocal microscopy of MDA-MB 231 cells stained with Nile Red, an intracellular fluorescent lipophilic dye, identified the cytoplasmic vacuoles as lipid aggregates. A significant number of lipid aggregates accumulated in low pH treated MDA-MB-231 cells (p &amp;lt; 0.01), and this was also observed in a series of breast and non-breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that this is a universal response to extracellular acidosis. To investigate the source of the lipid, it has been observed that accumulation is serum dependent; indicating that it is either dependent on growth factors or comes from an exogenous (albumin) source. To investigate a de novo mechanism, high resolution NMR spectroscopy was used to measure 13C enriched lactate isotopomers following metabolism of D-[1,2-13C] glucose. These analyses showed that glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway was three-fold higher in low pH cells, compared to controls, representing a major shift in glucose metabolism from Embden Meyerhoff to the Pentose Phosphate pathway, which results in increased production of NADPH, necessary for de novo lipid synthesis. Autofluorescence microscopy showed an altered distribution of NAD(P)H under acidic conditions. Furthermore, C75, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, induced significant cytotoxicity in low pH treated MDA-MB-231 cells, but not controls. This is further indicative of a de novo mechanism. These data suggest that the cellular survival response to extracellular acidosis depends on lipid accumulation and profound changes in glucose metabolism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1254. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1254
Off label prescribing in children
Authors: W. Banner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Primary care pp 1311, 1312, 1313 

Three papers in this issue, one from Germany and two from the Netherlands, highlight the problem of off label prescribing in children. 1 2 At first reading these manuscripts were a confusing “tower of Babel” for a reader from the United States, but the problem being discussed is all too familiar. In the United States the Food and Drug Administration has responsibility for the licensing process for all drugs. The term “approved” is used for a drug that has been deemed to have safety and efficacy for a particular disease process. Until recently, the drug need only to have been studied in the adult male population. Yet once a drug is approved it may be prescribed by a physician for any population or disease state desired. The term “off label” has been applied to describe the use of these drugs in either populations or disease states not listed as indicated in the package insert. While attempts have been made to use the term off label to imply recklessness in the medical malpractice arena, the American Academy of Pediatrics has …
High plasma proteasome levels are detected in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: P-E. Stoebner, T. Lavabre-Bertrand, L. Henry, I. Guiraud, S. Carillo, M. Dandurand, J-M. Joujoux, J-P. Bureau, L. Meunier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Proteasomes, nonlysosomal proteolytic structures, are implicated in cell growth and differentiation. An abnormal expression has been described in haematopoietic malignancies and in some solid tumours. Objectives To study the plasma proteasome levels in patients with malignant melanoma (MM) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and to compare them with the values obtained in a normal population and in patients with severe psoriasis or chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Methods Plasma proteasome level was measured using a sandwich ELISA test in normal donors (n = 14), and in patients with stage I/II (n = 13), stage III (n = 6) and stage IV (n = 10) MM, severe psoriasis (n = 13) and CIU (n = 6). Tissue proteasome expression was also detected by immunohistology using a monoclonal antibody in paraffin-embedded samples of normal tissue, psoriasis skin and MM. Results In normal donors, mean ± SEM plasma proteasome concentration was 2138 ± 221 ng mL−1. Patients with stages III and IV MM exhibited a significantly higher value (3373 ± 470 ng mL−1 and 8931 ± 1232 ng mL−1, respectively). Values in patients with stage I/II MM and CIU were not significantly different from those in normal volunteers. Patients with severe psoriasis also exhibited increased values (3398 ± 374 ng mL−1) but to a lesser extent than in patients with stage IV MM. There was a significant correlation of proteasome levels with serum lactate dehydrogenase in the MM group. Tissue expression as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry paralleled these findings. The strongest expression was seen on MM slides and to a lesser extent in psoriasis samples, the weakest expression being observed in normal skin. Conclusions Proteasomes are strongly expressed in cutaneous MM; high levels of circulating proteasomes are detected in patients with metastatic MM with a high melanoma burden, and at a lesser extent in psoriatic patients, which suggests proteasomes represent a marker more of nonspecific inflammation than of early cancer.