tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introduction to US Health Policy: The Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Care in America
Authors: David H. Howard
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibits UVB-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Skin by Activating the Prostaglandin E2 Receptors, EP2 and EP4
Authors: Kyung-Soo Chun, Jacqueline K. Akunda, Robert Langenbach
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced by UVB light and reduces UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis; however, the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, wild-type (WT) and COX-2−/− mice were acutely treated with UVB (5 kJ/m2), and apoptotic signaling pathways were compared. Following exposure, apoptosis was 2.5-fold higher in COX-2−/− compared with WT mice. Because prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the major UV-induced prostaglandin and manifests its activity via four receptors, EP1 to EP4, possible differences in EP signaling were investigated in WT and COX-2−/− mice. Following UVB exposure, protein levels of EP1, EP2, and EP4 were elevated in WT mice, but EP2 and EP4 levels were 50% lower in COX-2−/− mice. Activated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Akt are downstream in EP2 and EP4 signaling, and their levels were reduced in UVB-exposed COX-2−/− mice. Furthermore, p-Bad (Ser136 and Ser155), antiapoptotic products of activated Akt and PKA, respectively, were significantly reduced in UVB-exposed COX-2−/− mice. To further study the roles of EP2 and EP4, UVB-exposed CD-1 mice were topically treated with indomethacin to block endogenous PGE2 production, and PGE2, the EP2 agonist (butaprost) or EP4 agonist (PGE1 alcohol), was applied. Indomethacin reduced PKA and Akt activation by ∼60%, but PGE2 and the agonists restored their activities. Furthermore, both agonists decreased apoptosis in COX-2−/− mice by 50%. The data suggest that COX-2–generated PGE2 has antiapoptotic roles in UVB-exposed mouse skin that involves EP2- and EP4-mediated signaling. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2015–21]
GPs who work alone are six times as likely to come before GMC
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Figures published by the UK General Medical Council show that GPs who work on their own are six times as likely to attend a disciplinary hearing than those working in group practices.

Figures released under a freedom of information request by the BBC’s Newsnight programme show that 17 GPs who work alone and 67 GPs who work in group practices came in front of a GMC fitness to practise hearing in the past year.

The NHS in England, Scotland, and Wales has 38 728 GPs in multiple practices and 1589 GPs working on their own …
Diagnosis of Heart Disease. 1. Cardiac Arrhythmias. 2. Cardiac Murmurs. 3. Heart Sounds
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization have not banished the stethoscope as an antique, but rather have increased its value as an accurate, painless, diagnostic instrument, free of risk. To promote optimal use of the stethoscope, these three little books present highfidelity recordings of 64 examples of the commonly encountered auscultatory findings and provide an explanatory text. The student can study these sounds at his convenience. The practicing physician, too, will profit from studying these sounds with the modern understanding of hemodynamics, better than was available when he was a student. The teacher of medicine can use the examples to introduce the most frequently encountered abnormalities at the optimal time in the teaching schedule rather than waiting for suitable patients. Inadequate alternative explanation of several of the examples, inadequate discussion of the split second sound, and confused nomenclature (particularly of gallop rhythms and extra sounds) mar the presentation. The books make no
Visualized wall motion assessment correlates with quantitative ejection fraction using Tc-99m sestamibi ECG gated SPECT imaging in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: G. Jamil, A.W. Ahlberg, P.G. Danias, M.G .Levine, J.F. Mather, C.C. McGill, A. Russell, M.P. White, D. Waters, G.V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
IL-21R deficiency during experimental arthritis increases local expression of inflammatory mediators but protects against joint pathology by suppressing Th17 cells
Authors: M I Koenders, R J Marijnissen, C Nickerson-Nutter, W B van den Berg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Purpose One of the cytokines that contributes to the formation of Th17 cells is interleukin (IL)21, a pleiotropic cytokine produced by Th17 cells themselves.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IL21R defi ciency on joint pathology in relation to Th17 cells during chronic experimental arthritis.Method In IL21R-/-mice, chronic streptococcal cell wall (SCW) arthritis was induced by intra-articular injections of SCW fragments at days 0, 7, 14 and 21.Results At day 28, histological analysis showed signifi cantly reduced infl ammation in IL21R-/-mice compared with wildtypes.Although IL21R-/-mice demonstrated suppressed levels of IL6 in the serum, this proinfl ammatory cytokine tended to be increased in the local patella washouts.This increased local activation in IL21R-/-mice was studied in more detail in the early phase of SCW arthritis.Before and 4 days after the fi rst
Indocyanine-Green: Infusion Rate and Reactions
Authors: Luis Ruiz del Arbol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 May 1989Indocyanine-Green: Infusion Rate and ReactionsLuis Ruiz del Arbol, MD, Juan-Carlos García-Pagán, MD, Faust Feu, MD, Miguel Navasa, MD, Jaime Bosch, MDLuis Ruiz del Arbol, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Juan-Carlos García-Pagán, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Faust Feu, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Miguel Navasa, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jaime Bosch, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-10-844_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Recently, Speich and colleagues (1) reported three patients who developed severe anaphylactoid reactions after indocyanine-green was administered. The three cases were collected over a 5-year period among 776 studies using indocyanine-green for evaluating liver function or for capillary microscopy. This incidence is considerably higher than that which has previously been reported in the literature (1:30 to 1:40 000) (2, 3), and raises questions on the safety of indocyanine-green. These authors further suggested a dose-dependency of the reactions, because these adverse events appear to be much more frequent in liver function studies than in cardiologic examinations, which use...References1. SpeichSaesseliHoffmannNeftelReichen RBUKJ. Anaphylactoid reactions after indocyanine-green administration. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:345-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MichieWomboltCarrettaZenckaEgan DDRAJ. Adverse reactions associated with the administration of a tricarbocyanine dye (Cardio-green) to uremic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1971;48:235-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CarskiStallerHepnerBankaFinney TBGVR. Adverse reactions after administration of indocyanine-green. JAMA. 1978;71:573-8. Google Scholar4. Epreuves au Vert d'Indocyanine. Information for Use. Paris: S.E.R.B. Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques. Google Scholar5. Keiding S. Hepatic clearance and liver blood flow. J Hepatol. 1987;4:393-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Barcelona Barcelona 08036 Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAlteration of laser-tissue interaction with the 805 nm diode laser using indocyanine green in the canine prostatePotentiation of laser-tissue interactions of the 805 nm laser with indocyanine greenMiscellaneous drugs and agents 15 May 1989Volume 110, Issue 10Page: 844-845KeywordsAdverse eventsAdverse reactionsCapillariesLiverMicroscopySafety Issue Published: 15 May 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clinical Experience of Tumor Imaging with 201TI-Chloride
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Tumor scanning with 201Tl-chloride was performed in 15 patients with untreated carcinoma. In 12 of 15 patients 67Ga-citrate scanning was performed to compare the detection rate of the lesions. In 11 of 15 cases, lesions were visualized by 201Tl-chloride, while 9 of 12 cases were positively delineated by 67Ga-citrate. Good results were obtained by 201Tl-chloride in patients with lung and thyroid cancer. The advantages and disadvantages of 201Tl-chloride as a tumor scanning agent are discussed.
Uptake of 1-131 by an Abdominal Neurilemoma Mimicking Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: PEI-WEN WANG, HUE-YONG CHEN, CHIANG-HSUAN LI, WEI-JEN CHEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

1-131 whole-body imaging may show characteristic findings in functioning, metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nonthyroidal tumor uptake of 1-131 is rare, but may mislead the physician to inappropriate treatment. A case is reported of a 59-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma who demonstrated strong uptake of 1-131 in an abdominal cystic neurilemoma. Her serum thyroglobulin concentration at that time was low, at 3.35 ng/ml. Although the concentrating mechanism of 1-131 was not clear, several clues pointed to the possibilities of nonthyroidal tumor uptake: 1) faster clearing of radioactivity than usual thyroid tissue, 2) persistent low serum thyroglobulin concentration, and 3) the presence of a cystic component in the nonthyroidal tumor.
Plasma activin A in hemodialysis patients: Does brand of immunoassay matter?
Authors: Jacek Borawski, Beata Naumnik, Michał Myśliwiec
Journal: Kidney International (2004)

To the Editor: Activin A is a newly recognized pluripotent growth factor1.Brown C.W. Li L. Houston-Hawkins D.E. Matzuk M.M. Activins are critical modulators of growth and survival.Mol Endocrinol. 2003; 17: 2404-2417Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar. In a recent issue of Kidney International, we reported for the first time on plasma levels of immunoreactive activin A in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis2.Borawski J. Naumnik B. Mysliwiec M. Activation of hepatocyte growth factor/activin A/follistatin system during hemodialysis: Role of heparin.Kidney Int. 2003; 64: 2229-2237Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar. Predialysis levels were 143 ± 81.7 pg/mL in 25 patients, and not different from those of 111 ± 67.1 pg/mL in 18 healthy subjects when measured with commercial colorimetric immunoenzymatic assay kits from R&D Systems, Inc. (Quantikine®; cat. no. DAC00; Minneapolis, MN, USA). Presently, we determined plasma activin A in another group of 35 chronic hemodialysis patients using immunoenzymatic kits purchased from Oxford Bio-Innovation, Ltd. (product code: MCA1426KZZ; Oxfordshire, UK)3.Oxford Bio-Innovations Ltd. Inhibin Activin home page: Available at: http://www.oxford-bio-innovation.co.uk/html. Accessed March 30, 2004Google Scholar. Surprisingly, they were a median of 978 (range 559 to 2560) pg/mL, and more than 3-fold increased compared with those in 30 healthy control subjects (286 ± 127 pg/mL). The direct comparison of the two immunoassays for activin A, yielding such disparate results, was not possible because R&D Systems had discontinued manufacturing the kit. At the same time, serum activin A level measured recently in healthy subjects by radioimmunoassay from Serotec Limited (Oxford, UK) was about 400 pg/mL4.Yndestad A. Ueland T. Oie E. et al.Elevated levels of activin A in heart failure patients: Potential role in myocardial remodeling.Circulation. 2004; 109: 1379-1385Crossref PubMed Scopus (137) Google Scholar. This result is closer to our present rather than our previous2.Borawski J. Naumnik B. Mysliwiec M. Activation of hepatocyte growth factor/activin A/follistatin system during hemodialysis: Role of heparin.Kidney Int. 2003; 64: 2229-2237Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar findings in healthy control subjects. The issue whether predialysis plasma activin A level in hemodialysis patients is actually normal or increased remains thus unresolved. It deserves further studies employing standardized methods.
Royal Commission on Medical Education
Authors: A. R. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1965)

rooms contain souvenirs of former great Hun- garian physicians.The so-called " pharmacy of Gbm6ry," of high artistic value, made in 1813, is on exhibition, as well as some superb old apothecary jars from several Hungarian spas.The collection of several thousand pieces of medals, old surgical and medical instruments, and illustrations of folk medical cures must also be mentioned.We hope that this museum, which is dedi- cated to the memory of the great Hungarian physician whom all the world has honoured, will attract a great number of visitors-We are, etc., K. FARKAs.S. FEKETE.Swindon, Wilts.A. PALLA.
Viral covalently closed circular DNA in a non-transgenic mouse model for chronic hepatitis B virus replication
Authors: Tetsuo Takehara, Takahiro Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Ohkawa, Atsushi Hosui, Masahisa Jinushi, Takuya Miyagi, Tomohide Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki Kanazawa, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)

The lack of small animal models supporting chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impedes the assessment of anti-viral drugs in the whole animal. Although transgenic mice have been used for this purpose, these models are clearly different from natural infection, because HBV is produced from the integrated HBV sequence harbored in all hepatocytes.Balb/cA nude mice were hydrodynamically injected with a plasmid having 1.5-fold over-length of HBV DNA and analyzed for HBV replication.Hydrodynamically injected mice showed substantial levels of antigenemia and viremia for more than 1 year. Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the template of viral replication in natural infection, was produced in the livers and was critically involved in the long-term HBV production, because disruption of the pol gene of the inoculated DNA resulted in transient expression of HBV genes for less than 2 months. Administration of the IFNalpha gene transiently suppressed HBV DNA replication, but was not capable of eliminating HBV in this model.In vivo gene transfer of a plasmid encoding HBV DNA can establish chronic viral replication in mice, which involves, at least in part, new synthesis of the HBV cccDNA episome, thus recapitulating a part of human HBV infection.
GP practices with low referral rates for gastroscopy put patients at risk of worse outcomes, research shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Humans settled the Caribbean ~6,000 years ago, with intensified agriculture and ceramic use marking a shift from the Archaic Age to the Ceramic Age ~2,500 years ago. To shed new light on the history of Caribbean people, we report genome-wide data from 184 individuals predating European contact from The Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Curaçao, and northwestern Venezuela. A largely homogeneous ceramic-using population most likely originating in northeastern South America and related to present-day Arawak-speaking groups moved throughout the Caribbean at least 1,800 years ago, spreading ancestry that is still detected in parts of the region today. These people eventually almost entirely replaced Archaic-related lineages in Hispaniola but not in northwestern Cuba, where unadmixed Archaic-related ancestry persisted into the last millennium. We document high mobility and inter-island connectivity throughout the Ceramic Age as reflected in relatives buried ~75 kilometers apart in Hispaniola and low genetic differentiation across many Caribbean islands, albeit with subtle population structure distinguishing the Bahamian islands we studied from the rest of the Caribbean and from each other, and long-term population continuity in southeastern coastal Hispaniola differentiating this region from the rest of the island. Ceramic-associated people avoided close kin unions despite limited mate pools reflecting low effective population sizes (2N<sub>e</sub>=1000-2000) even at sites on the large Caribbean islands. While census population sizes can be an order of magnitude larger than effective population sizes, pan-Caribbean population size estimates of hundreds of thousands are likely too large. Transitions in pottery styles show no evidence of being driven by waves of migration of new people from mainland South America; instead, they more likely reflect the spread of ideas and people within an interconnected Caribbean world.
Palliative Care in the Final Days of Life
Authors: James Hallenbeck
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Providing care to actively dying patients presents unique challenges for the clinician. Patients in their final days require careful symptom management. Families need support and coaching as death approaches. Care does not end with the death of the patient but continues through death pronouncement, family notification of the death, discussion of autopsy, and immediate bereavement support. Skills in these and related areas are discussed in the context of one man's death, as illuminated by comments made after death by his daughter and his physician. This case also highlights the often differing perspectives of families and clinicians as they work to deal with a patient's death. A goal of mastering the palliative skills necessary to competently care for an actively dying patient is to enable a patient to die peacefully and relatively free of discomfort. Achieving such competency should also help to relieve clinician stress attendant to caring for dying patients.
Management and follow-up of harlequin siblings
Authors: R.S. PRASAD, R.K. PEJAVER, A. HASSAN, S. AL DUSARI, M.A. WOOLDRIDGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Management and follow‐up of harlequin siblings Get access R.S. PRASAD, R.S. PRASAD Department of Paediatrics, North West Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 100, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.K. PEJAVER, R.K. PEJAVER Department of Paediatrics, North West Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 100, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. HASSAN, A. HASSAN Department of Paediatrics, North West Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 100, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. AL DUSARI, S. AL DUSARI Department of Paediatrics, North West Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 100, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. WOOLDRIDGE M.A. WOOLDRIDGE Department of Paediatrics, North West Armed Forces Hospital, PO Box 100, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Pages 650–653, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13114.x Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Accepted: 15 October 1993 Published: 01 May 1994
Extremely Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Up-regulates CXC Chemokines in Normal Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Akira Fujimori, Ryuichi Okayasu, Hiroshi Ishihara, Satoshi Yoshida, Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai, Kumie Nojima, Satoru Ebisawa, Sentaro Takahashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Although the public today could be exposed to X-rays as high as 1 cGy due to diagnostic procedures, the biological effects of this low-dose range have not been well established. We searched through &amp;gt;23,000 transcripts in normal human fibroblasts, HFLIII, using a novel comprehensive expression analysis method. More than 200 genes were up-regulated transiently by 1 cGy of X-rays during the 1-hour period after irradiation. We determined the nucleotide sequence of 10 up-regulated transcripts with the greatest rate of increase in the irradiated HFLIII cells. Three of the 10 transcripts encoded CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL6). The rest included the transcripts of other secretory products (secretogranin II, thrombospondin type I domain containing 2, amphiregulin, and interleukin-6) and unknown genes. To test the involvement of CXC chemokines in cells irradiated with low doses, we irradiated HFLIII cells with 1 to 20 cGy X-rays and transferred the media from HFLIII culture to two melanoma cell lines characteristic of excessive numbers of the CXC chemokine-specific receptors. The growth of these melanoma lines were significantly stimulated by the medium from HFLIII irradiated at 1 to 5 cGy. Our results indicate that human cells respond to doses of radiation as low as 1 cGy, and mechanisms alternative to those involved in moderate/high-dose studies have to be considered in understanding the biological effects of diagnostic level radiation. In addition, our comprehensive approach using a novel expression profiling method is a powerful strategy to explore biological functions associated with very low levels of toxic agents.
More US women are choosing mastectomy over breast conservation surgery
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of women in the United States undergoing mastectomy rather than breast conservation surgery for early stage cancer has risen steadily, a study published in JAMA Surgery has shown.

The steepest rises in mastectomy rates occurred in younger women with non-invasive disease, those with smaller tumours, and those with node negative disease, the study noted.1

Breast conservation surgery is seen as the preferred option for early stage cancers, after research in the 1980s showed no difference in survival between mastectomy and lumpectomy with radiation. The use …
EU patients are entitled to primary care in any member country
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The European Court of Justice has given a landmark ruling that two Dutch patients needed no prior authorisation for “non-hospital” care received in another European Union country.

It establishes the principle that barriers to providing “non-hospital” services, such as general practice and dentistry, are unjustified. Patients are theoretically free to visit a doctor in any EU country, thus avoiding waiting lists.

The court also hints at a broader interpretation of non-hospital care that would include all care provided in doctors' surgeries and polyclinics (clinics providing out-patient services). “The distinction between intra- and extramural care is sometimes difficult to make,” it says.

Dutch surgeons have argued in the press that …