tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among 4784 Cases and 6269 Controls From the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium
Authors: Silvia De Sanjose, Yolanda Benavente, Claire M. Vajdic, Eric A. Engels, Lindsay M. Morton, Paige M. Bracci, John J. Spinelli, Tongzhang Zheng, Yawei Zhang, Silvia Franceschi, Renato Talamini, Elizabeth A. Holly, Andrew E. Grulich, James R. Cerhan, Patricia Hartge, Wendy Cozen, Paolo Boffetta, Paul Brennan, Marc Maynadié, Pierluigi Cocco, Ramon Bosch, Lenka Foretova, Anthony Staines, Nikolaus Becker, Alexandra Nieters
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
On Vision and Perception
Authors: Daniel Gologorsky
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The AIDS Knowledge Base: A Textbook on HIV Disease From the University of California, San Francisco, and the San Francisco General Hospital
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1995)

As this review is written, a mood of pessimism envelops scientists involved with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A couple of years ago, the Concorde study—highlighting the severe limitations of antiretroviral therapy—struck hard at those wishing for a "magic bullet," a drug that would halt the catastrophic effects of the immune system-destroying virus that was discovered only a decade before but which had already killed hundreds of thousands of people around the world. Paralleling this pessimism, advances in clinical management of HIV disease moved into low gear. Perhaps it was inevitable. The rapid accumulation of knowledge couldn't continue at such a pace forever. Reflect for a moment on some of what we have learned in the past few years: proof that several drug regimens can successfully prevent most cases of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia, use of oral ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus retinitis and its resulting blindness, discovery of a host of
Cardiac Nuclear Medicine.
Authors: Myron C. Gerson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

This volume offers practical guidance in choosing the procedure most likely to answer clinical questions in cardiac nuclear medicine. The emphasis throughout is on establishing and utilizing a systematic approach to test selection and test result analysis, with due consideration given to non-nuclear non-invasive cardiac diagnostic procedures where appropriate. For each of the procedures reviewed, the reader is apprised of the radiopharmaceuticals required, the physiologic mechanisms involved, test acquisition and processing methods, potential technical problems, common pitfalls to avoid, and normal and abnormal findings.
Effects of Acute Asphyxia and Deep Hypothermia on the State of Binding of Lysosomal Acid Hydrolases in Canine Cardiac Muscle
Authors: EDITH G. LEIGHTY, CLINTON D. STONER, MEHDI M. RESSALLAT, G. THOMAS PASSANANTI, HOWARD D. SIRAK
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The amount and state of binding of three lysosomal acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase, cathepsin, and β-glucuronidase, were studied in canine cardiac muscle following severe asphyxia and deep hypothermia. The studies were done on adult mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Asphyxia was produced by tracheal occlusion, and was maintained until the onset of cardiac arrest (6 to 10 min). Hypothermic conditions were achieved by placing the heart on partial bypass through a heat exchanger. The heart was cooled to 6 to 10°C and held at this temperature for 30 min while circulation and respiration were maintained by artificial means. Control dogs were subjected to similar surgical procedures. Immediately following the experiments, the whole hearts were removed, cooled to 0 to 4°C, homogenized, and fractionated into supernatant and lysosomal fractions. The levels of bound and free acid hydrolases were estimated in the whole homogenates and fractions. Asphyxia produced a large shift of acid hydrolase activity from a bound form to a free form, as evidenced by elevated ratios of free to bound activity in the whole homogenates and elevated ratios of supernatant to lysosomal activity with respect to the fractions. Hypothermia did not alter the binding status of the lysosomal enzymes. These findings suggest that lysosomal enzymes play a major role in asphyxic damage to the heart.
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to diclofenac
Authors: R. D. Klingenberg, I. D. Bassukas, N. Homann, E. F. Stange, D. Ludwig
Journal: Allergy (2003)

A 72-year-old woman presented with high rising temperatures (40°C), chills, a bright red and confluent exanthema sparing the extremities and Raynaud's phenomenon since 7 days. The patient used diclofenac sodium (75 mg) intermittently since 2 years for pain control, and she presented with similar symptoms already in the past. C-reactive protein (53 mg/l), white blood cell count (12.8 mg/l) and liver enzymes were slightly elevated (AST: 51U/l; ALT: 75U/l; γGT: 178U/l; AP: 178U/l). There was a moderate normocytic anemia (Hb 124 g/l), lymphocytopenia (1.16/nl) and eosinophilia (0.70/nl). Immunoglobulin E (IgE) (2489 mg/dl) and IgG (2440 mg/dl) were elevated; IgM and soluble IgA, immunogenic markers and bone marrow aspiration cytology were normal. Skin biopsy showed a lymphocyte-predominated dermatitis with histomorphological signs of vasculitis, consistent with multiforme exanthema. Antibiotic therapy was unsuccessful, but symptoms improved within 12 h after initiation of steroid therapy (prednisone 100 mg daily). Epicutaneous patch testing with diclofenac (pure in petrolatum and commercial solution), carried out 4 weeks later, showed a characteristic type IV hypersensitivity reaction (palpable, warm, reddish induration) after 48 h (Fig. 1). Epicutaneous patch test with commercial diclofenac and pure diclofenac substance in petrolatum (72 h after application). Diclofenac is a worldwide used, generally well tolerated, anti-inflammatory drug. Mild adverse reactions are frequent, but severe side effects such as hepatitis, renal toxicity, rhabdomyolysis, anaphylactic shock or eosinophilic pneumonitis account for <1% (1). A hypersensitivity reaction to diclofenac in the presented case is strongly suggested by (i) clinical symptoms and recurrence after reexposition (ii) laboratory work-up (elevated IgE, blood and tissue eosinophilia in absence of atopy, parasitic infections or myeloproliferative disease), (iii) positive epicutaneous patch test and (iv) prompt relief of symptoms following steroid therapy. Mechanism of side effects to diclofenac has already been discussed in the context of hepatitis (2) and cutaneous manifestations (i.e. multiforme erythema) (3), but never for recurrent fever or Raynauds phenomenon. The underlying mechanism is thought to rely on amplification of mast-cell degranulation and enhanced biosynthesis of lipooxygenase products of arachidonic acid, causing vasodilatation and edema (4). Cell-mediated hypersensitivity with inhibition of cyclooxygenase, leading via inhibition of the prostaglandin-E2 production to an increase in Th-2-response (overproduction of interleukin-4), might be another promoter of allergic reaction (5). As in the present case, epicutaneous patch test is a valid and simple measure to confirm drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction a posteriori (6). In case of doubt – after exclusion of infectious causes – a probatory and successful treatment with glucocorticosteroids may be helpful.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF VAGINAL SECTION WITH RECORD OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCE.
Authors: HENRY T. BYFORD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Much of the improvement in gynecology within the last few years has consisted in the development of vaginal section. The pioneer in this direction is undoubtedly J. N. Sauter of Constance, Switzerland, who, according to a preconceived plan, similar to that employed at the present day, removed the carcinomatous uterus per vaginam, although K. M. Langenbeck performed the operation in 1813. Blundell did the same in 1828 and Recamier and Delpech in 1830. This ended the first act in the drama. The results were so bad that the operation was practically abandoned until revived by Czerny in 1879. In 1872 Robert Battey, followed by J. Marion Sims and T. Gaillard Thomas, began removing ovaries and small ovarian tumors per vaginam, and was thus the pioneer in this country. Very soon, however, the success of Tait in performing abdominal section, drew the gynecological world after him, and vaginal section again fell
Gap between NHS policy makers and doctors is “enormous”
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Too many senior managers in the NHS are “disengaged” from clinicians and know too little about clinical processes, the leader of the NHS employers' organisation said last week.

In her speech to the NHS Confederation's annual conference in Birmingham, the chief executive, Gill Morgan, a former GP, said the gap between policy makers and clinicians was “enormous” and that far more communication and plain speaking were needed.

She criticised “technocratic management speak” from the government that left even chief officers in the NHS confused about the reasons for new policy.

“This makes it even harder to communicate the benefits to staff … The …
Holding GUSTO Up to the Light
Authors: Kerry L. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) trial, a recent randomized "megatrial" of thrombolytic therapies in acute myocardial infarction, showed a statistically significant decrease of 30-day mortality in patients treated with accelerated-dose tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) compared with streptokinase. The therapeutic and cost implications of the results have been intensely scrutinized, and several commentaries have been written on the interpretation of the study. Questions have been raised about the treatment benefit in certain subgroups, the validity of the results because of the open-label design, the relevance of a 1% absolute benefit in mortality rates, the cost-effectiveness of the drug, and the generalizability of the results. These issues are all important considerations for translating the results of this study into clinical practice worldwide. This article sheds additional light on the interpretation of GUSTO, clarifies misconceptions that may have clouded understanding of the trial results, and discusses the contributions of this trial in advancing our understanding of modern myocardial reperfusion therapy.
60 RESULTS OF ENABLE 2, A PHASE 3, MULTICENTER STUDY OF ELTROMBOPAG AND PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: G. Dusheiko, N. Afdhal, E.G. Giannini, P.J. Chen, K.-H. Han, M. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Rugina, E. Lawitz, A. Streinu-Cercel, M.L. Shiffman, F. Poordad, Y. Mostafa Kamel, A. Brainsky, J. Geib, S.Y. Vasey, R. Patwardhan, F. Campbell, D. Theodore
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Bile acids and vitamin A absorption in man: the effects of two bile acid-binding agents, cholestyramine and lignin
Authors: D. L. Barnard, K. W. Heaton
Journal: Gut (1973)

In 14 healthy volunteers, the addition of 12 g cholestyramine to a vitamin A-containing test meal reduced the expected rise in serum vitamin A by 59.5% (p<0.001). By contrast, lignin had no significant effect in 12 subjects. This study confirms the importance of bile acids in vitamin A absorption and the ineffectiveness of lignin as a sequestrator of conjugated bile acids.
Phase I Trial of Granulocyte--Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Plus High-Dose Cyclophosphamide Given Every 2 Weeks: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study
Authors: S. M. Lichtman, M. J. Ratain, D. A. Van Echo, G. Rosner, M. J. Egorin, D. R. Budman, N. J. Vogelzang, L. Norton, R. L. Schilsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression often limits escalation of cancer chemotherapy doses. Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, is an ideal candidate for dose escalation: A log-linear relationship between cell kill and dose has been demonstrated, and the drug spares hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, studies suggest that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can enhance the ability to achieve optimal dose intensity as well as ameliorating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide administered every 2 weeks with GM-CSF support. Methods : For this trial by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB), cohorts of patients were treated with cyclophosphamide as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 14 days; GM-CSF was given subcutaneously on days 3–10. Four dose levels of cyclophosphamide (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 g/m 2 ) and three dose levels of GM-CSF (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg per day) were evaluated. There was no dose escalation in individual patients. Fifty-one patients with solid tumors who had CALGB performance status 0 or 1 and minimal prior radiotherapy were eligible for analysis. Drug clearance and area under the curve for plasma drug concentration × time (AUC) were estimated at completion of the infusion and at 4 and 24 hours after the start of the infusion. Results : Ninety-five courses of therapy were analyzed. Treatment with cyclophosphamide at 3.0 g/m 2 or more resulted in neutropenia (absolute neutrophil counts <100/μL) in all cycles of therapy. At those doses, blood cell count recovery adequate for re-treatment occurred in 67%–85% of cycles (median, 16 days). Doses of 6.0 g/m 2 were associated with the greatest degree of myelosuppression and frequent hospitalization (88% of cycles); requirements for blood transfusion prohibited further dose escalation. Nonhematologic toxic effects were tolerable, with two episodes of reversible cardiotoxicity and four episodes of hemorrhagic cystitis that precluded further therapy. Degree of myelosuppression was not correlated with cyclophosphamide AUC or clearance. Conclusions : The recommended phase II dose of cyclophosphamide is 4.5 g/m 2 administered every 2 weeks with GM-CSF given at 5.0 μg/kg per day of GM-CSF. Our results suggest that, with GM-CSF support, high cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide can be given to achieve optimal dose intensity, with reproducible blood cell count recovery and without the need for autologous bone marrow transplantation. Implications : Phase II studies of this intensive regimen in malignant diseases sensitive to alkylating agents are currently being done in CALGB. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:1319–1326, 1993]
ABDOMINAL MUSCLE INJURIES IN SOCCER–SURGICAL CASE SERIES
Authors: Christian Brix, Heinz Lohrer, Andreas Hoeferlin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Muscle injuries frequently occur in both competitive and amateur sports. In soccer, muscle injuries are responsible for more than one third of all injuries. The smaller portion are the major injuries (muscle tear and tendinous avulsion). 1 2 As the abdominal muscles give the necessary core stability for sports like soccer, 2 those injuries need special attention to enable athletes to a fast return to their sports. Methods A literature review to look for articles dealing with internal oblique muscle injuries was performed. Analysis of the medical health records of the Institute for Sports Medicine, Frankurt between 2010 and 2012 was performed to analyse our special experience with abdominal muscle injuries in sport. The medical records were evaluated for injury cause, symptoms, operation, follow-up treatment and outcome. Results There was no publication found dealing solely with abdominal wall injuries in soccer, in comparison to publications found for tennis players. Abdominal injuries as blunt trauma are reported to be more common in contact sports like soccer. 3 The analysis of our health records revealed three cases of lateral abdominal muscles injuries in soccer players. Clinically patients uniformely showed tenderness at the anterior iliac crest and were no longer able to participate in training. Ultrasound detected hematoma. The diagnosis of a tendinous avulsion of the internal oblique muscle was confirmed by MRI. Operation was performed by making three bone anchoring sutures through the anterior iliac crest. Postoperative care included two-week rest and compressing lumbar bandage. Specific workout for the abdominal muscles was performed 2nd-6th postoperative week. After 6 weeks the transition to sport-specific training was possible. All three soccer players were able to fully participate the regular exercise before 12 weeks and have fully recovered and re-integrated in their soccer activity after that time. Conclusion Muscular injuries of the abdominal wall in soccer are rare but serious. 3 An accurate diagnosis made by MRI is essential for further treatment planning. In our cases, operation is the treatment of choice resulting in excellent results.
Local InsP3-dependent perinuclear Ca2+ signaling in cardiac myocyte excitation-transcription coupling
Authors: X. Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Previous work showed that calmodulin (CaM) and Ca2+-CaM–dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) are somehow involved in cardiac hypertrophic signaling, that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) in ventricular myocytes are mainly in the nuclear envelope, where they associate with CaMKII, and that class II histone deacetylases (e.g., HDAC5) suppress hypertrophic gene transcription. Furthermore, HDAC phosphorylation in response to neurohumoral stimuli that induce hypertrophy, such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), activates HDAC nuclear export, thereby regulating cardiac myocyte transcription. Here we demonstrate a detailed mechanistic convergence of these 3 issues in adult ventricular myocytes. We show that ET-1, which activates plasmalemmal G protein–coupled receptors and InsP3 production, elicits local nuclear envelope Ca2+ release via InsP3R. This local Ca2+ release activates nuclear CaMKII, which triggers HDAC5 phosphorylation and nuclear export (derepressing transcription). Remarkably, this Ca2+-dependent pathway cannot be activated by the global Ca2+ transients that cause contraction at each heartbeat. This novel local Ca2+ signaling in excitation-transcription coupling is analogous to but separate (and insulated) from that involved in excitation-contraction coupling. Thus, myocytes can distinguish simultaneous local and global Ca2+ signals involved in contractile activation from those targeting gene expression.
344 POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLIMERASE-1 (PARP-1), NEW TARGET FOR HEPATIC CARCINOMA TREATMENT
Authors: R. Quiles, J.A. Munoz-Gamez, A. Ruiz-Extremera, A.B. Martin-Alvarez, L. Sanjuan-Nunez, P. Munoz de Rueda, J. Salmeron
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Toward better early-phase brain tumor clinical trials: A reappraisal of current methods and proposals for future strategies
Authors: Frederick F. Lang, Mark R. Gilbert, Vinay K. Puduvalli, Jeffrey Weinberg, Victor A. Levin, W.K. Alfred Yung, Raymond Sawaya, Gregory N. Fuller, Charles A. Conrad
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2002)

Although no optimal treatment is currently available for malignant brain tumors, as the molecular mechanisms underlying brain tumor development have been delineated, new chemotherapeutic agents that act directly on specific molecular targets have become available. Defining a specific molecular target raises the possibility that the molecular effects of a given agent can be analyzed in patients in a clinical trial. Specifically, whereas standard phase I and II clinical trials classically determine the safety and efficacy of agents by using indirect global end points, these new biological agents afford the opportunity to incorporate molecular end points into phase I and II clinical trials to determine whether the agent under investigation is actually doing what it was intended to do. This work presents avenues for improving current brain tumor clinical trial designs based on the molecular specificity of new agents and the unique features of brain tumors. Specifically, the authors recommend brain-applicable phase I and II clinical trial strategies that take advantage of the targeted nature of new agents to maximize information about their efficacy, toxicity, and molecular effects.
18F-FDG PET/CT Demonstration of a Liver Metastasis in a Patient With Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Camila Mosci, I. Ross McDougall, R. Brooke Jeffrey, Andrei Iagaru
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 51-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer had recurrent disease. An unexpected FDG-avid hepatic metastasis was identified. Follow-up contrast-enhanced CT scan showed a hepatic lesion, compatible with malignancy. Histopathologic examination demonstrated metastatic carcinoma, consistent with thyroid primary. Few studies reported liver metastases originating from thyroid cancer on FDG PET. These were medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) or poorly differentiated cancers. There are no reports describing liver metastasis from PTC diagnosed by FDG PET/CT.
Survival prediction of stage I lung adenocarcinomas by expression of 10 genes
Authors: Fabrizio Bianchi, Paolo Nuciforo, Manuela Vecchi, Loris Bernard, Laura Tizzoni, Antonio Marchetti, Fiamma Buttitta, Lara Felicioni, Francesco Nicassio, Pier Paolo Di Fiore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological subtype of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. At stage I, the tumor is cured by surgery alone in about 60% of cases. Markers are needed to stratify patients by prognostic outcomes and may help in devising more effective therapies for poor prognosis patients. To achieve this goal, we used an integrated strategy combining meta-analysis of published lung cancer microarray data with expression profiling from an experimental model. The resulting 80-gene model was tested on an independent cohort of patients using RT-PCR, resulting in a 10-gene predictive model that exhibited a prognostic accuracy of approximately 75% in stage I lung adenocarcinoma when tested on 2 additional independent cohorts. Thus, we have identified a predictive signature of limited size that can be analyzed by RT-PCR, a technology that is easy to implement in clinical laboratories.