tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential combination thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of the pro-urokinase and t-PA enhancement of thrombolysis (PATENT) trial
Authors: Stuart W. Zarich, Glen J. Kowalchuk, W.Douglas Weaver, Joseph Loscalzo, Michael Sassower, Karen Manzo, Christine Byrnes, James E. Muller, Victor Gurewich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

Objectives. The present study was designed to test the efficacy and safety of a sequential combination of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and pro-urokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Background. Efforts continue to identify a thrombolytic regimen that induces rapid, complete and sustained coronary artery patency in acute myocardial infarction. The two endogenous plasminogen activators rt-PA and pro-urokinase have been shown experimentally to induce fibrinolysis by sequential and complementary mechanisms. As a result, certain combinations of these activators have been found to be synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Methods. In a multicenter observational study with core facilities for angiographic and laboratory analysis, 101 patients with acute myocardial infarction were enrolled and gives a low dose bolus of rt-PA (5 to 10 mg) followed by a 90-min infusion of pro-urokinase (40 mg/h). All patients received intravenous heparin and oral aspirin. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients at 90 min. Results. Angiography at 90 min showed the infarct-related artery to be patent (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 2 or 3 flow) in 77% of patients, and 60% achieved TIMI grade 3 flow. At one center, angiography was repeated at 24 h to detect a possible reocclusion. All 28 patients with a patent infarct-related artery at 90 min had patency at 24 h (82% achieved TIMI grade 3 flow). Treatment was well tolerated, with bleeding complications essentially confined to arterial puncture site hematomas. There was only one in-hospital death. Conclusions. A sequential combination of low dose rt-PA and reduced-dose pro-urokinase produced a high TIMI 3 patency rate, was well tolerated and was associated with a low reocclusion rate.
Anatomic and Metabolic Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Patients With Neurofibromatosis 1 Using Whole-Body MRI and 18F-FDG PET Fusion
Authors: Trinity Urban, Ruth Lim, Vanessa L. Merker, Alona Muzikansky, Gordon J. Harris, Ara Kassarjian, Miriam A. Bredella, Scott R. Plotkin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Purpose Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the leading cause of death for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Identification of hypermetabolic lesions on PET may help identify patients at risk for MPNST. The objective of this study was to identify clinical and MRI-derived variables that predicted increased metabolic activity of neurofibromas in NF1 patients as determined by PET. Methods This prospective study included NF1 patients with neurofibromas of 5 cm in diameter or greater. All patients underwent whole-body MRI and 18F-FDG PET imaging. Tumor volume was calculated from the MR scans using a semiautomated 3-dimensional segmentation method. SUVmax’s were calculated to quantify metabolic activity. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship among SUVmax, tumor volume, location (extremity vs trunk), type (plexiform vs circumscribed), depth (superficial vs deep), patient age, and whole-body tumor burden. Results A total of 311 neurofibromas were identified in 19 NF1 patients (mean age, 38 years; range, 19–58 years). One extreme outlier was excluded from analysis. Whole-body tumor volumes ranged from 0.4 to 1182.4 mL. Fifty of 310 tumors were FDG-avid on PET (16%) with median SUVmax of 2.2 (range, 0.4–9.6). Metabolic activity (SUVmax >2.5) correlated with tumor location (deep > superficial, trunk > extremity) in tumors with PET avidity. Conclusions In NF1 patients with neurofibromas of 5 cm or greater, the majority of internal tumors are not metabolically active on PET. Tumors with increased metabolic activity as defined by SUVmax greater than 2.5 (ie, suggestive of MPNST) are more likely to be deep and located within the trunk.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine
Authors: P. Redondo, I. de Felipe, A. de la Pena, J.M. Aramendia, V. Vanaclocha
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Treatment with N‐acetylcysteine Get access P. Redondo, P. Redondo Departments of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. de Felipe, I. de Felipe Departments of Dermatology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. de la Pena, A. de la Pena Departments of Internal Medicine, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Aramendia, J.M. Aramendia Departments of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Vanaclocha V. Vanaclocha Departments of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Navarra, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Pages 645–646, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02175.x Published: 01 April 1997
Virologic and Clinical Expressions of Reciprocal Inhibitory Effect of Hepatitis B, C, and Delta Viruses in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Evangelista Sagnelli, Nicola Coppola, Carlo Scolastico, Pietro Filippini, Teresa Santantonio, Tommaso Stroffolini, Felice Piccinino
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We studied 648 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)– and/or anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)–positive patients to evaluate the virologic and clinical characteristics of multiple hepatitis viral infection. We defined as Case B–C an HBsAg/anti–HCV positive patient and as Case b–C an anti–HCV/anti–HBc–positive, HBsAg/anti–HBs-negative patient. For each Case B–C we scheduled as Control–B an HBsAg positive and anti–HCV negative patient and as Control–C an HBsAg/anti–HBs/anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc)–negative and anti–HCV-positive patient. Control group C was used as the control also for Case group b–C. Serum HBV DNA by molecular hybridization was found more frequently in Control group B (54% of 161 patients) than in Case group B–C (35.7% of 84, P &lt; .01). The prevalence of HBV wild type was similar in Case group B–C (14.3%) and in Control group B (17.4%), whereas the e–minus strain was less frequent in Case group B–C (10.7% vs. 33%; P &lt; .01). HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was detected in 40.8% of 71 patients in Case group b–C. HCV RNA was detected more frequently in Control group C (90.7% of 130 patients) than in Case group B–C (65.2% of 69, P &lt; .0001). Moderate or severe chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were more frequent in Case group B–C (62.9% of 65 patients) than in Control group B (46.7% of 90, P &lt; .05) or C (40.8% of 98, P &lt; .005), and in Case group b–C (71.1% of 76) than in Control group C. Thus, in multiple hepatitis we observed a reciprocal inhibition of the viral genomes and a more severe liver disease. In Case group b–C, serum HBV DNA was frequent and the clinical presentation was severe.
Abstract 3859: Defining groupings of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas by expression patterns of human papillomavirus oncogenes
Authors: Rebecca R. Laborde, Steven D. Olsen, Vivian Wang, Joaquin J. Garcia, Rondell Graham, Michael W. Berres, Geoffrey C. Halling, Kerry D. Olsen, Eric J. Moore, Jan L. Kasperbauer, Nicole D. Tombers, David I. Smith
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract There is considerable clinical interest in the role that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in the development of oropharyngeal cancers. A variety of assays are currently available to stratify patients based on HPV status prior to treatment. The most frequently utilized are PCR and In Situ hybridization (ISH) to detect the presence of HPV DNA sequences. The increasing clinical interest in determining HPV patient status relates to compelling evidence that a subset of patients with HPV positive tumors have better clinical outcomes. Evidence also suggests that patients with HPV positive tumors should be further divided into groupings based on levels of viral activity and that this may represent additional clinical information necessary to develop appropriate treatment plans. The most frequently applied assay to identify HPV activity in a patient sample is to detect the over-expression of the surrogate protein marker p16 by Immunohistochemisty (IHC), which has been shown to increase expression in response to HPV active infections in oropharyngeal cancer. An alternative technique to quantitatively detect the presence and level of transcriptional activity of HPV in tissue samples is to measure the expression of oncogenes E6 and E7. We have analyzed the fresh frozen tissue samples corresponding to matched tumor, normal and metastatic patient tissues using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach to determine the expression of HPV oncogenes and p16 gene expression. We observed that there are three groups of oropharyngeal tumors when grouped by HPV16 E6 and E7 gene expression. The first are the most rare and are tumors that contain no HPV sequences or expression of the E6 and E7 ocogenes. The second are tumors that contain HPV DNA sequences but very low expression of E6 or E7 and the third are tumors that contain HPV DNA sequence and robust expression of E6 and E7. Additionally, we found variable correlation between HPV16 E6 and E7 expression and p16 gene expression, suggesting that factors other than HPV oncogene expression may influence the expression of p16. Our results would indicate that the best assays for quantifying the activity of an HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancers would be those optimized to accurately measure either E6 and E7 transcripts or their protein products directly out of paraffin-embedded tissues. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3859. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3859
The effects of acidosis and alkalosis on the metabolism of glutamine and glutamate in renal cortex slices
Authors: Donald E. Kamm, Gerald L. Strope
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Studies of the metabolism of glutamine and glutamate by renal cortex slices from acidotic, alkalotic, and control rats were performed. 88-95% of the glutamine and 104-115% of the glutamate taken up from the medium could be accounted for by the products found. Acidosis increased glutamine uptake and conversion to ammonia, CO(2), glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lipid, and protein. The increase in glutamine conversion to ammonia after acidosis could be completely accounted for by the associated increase in its conversion to glucose, glutamate, lactate, and pyruvate. When glutamate metabolism was examined, acidosis did not affect substrate uptake but did increase its conversion to ammonia, glucose, lactate, CO(2), and lipid. The increase in (14)CO(2) from U-(14)C-glutamine and U-(14)C-glutamate found with cortex slices from acidotic animals could be explained by the CO(2) production calculated to be associated with the enhanced conversion of these substrates to other products during acidosis. (14)CO(2) production from 1.2-(14)C-acetate was found to be significantly increased in alkalosis rather than acidosis. These studies suggest that in the rat, the rate at which glutamine is completely oxidized in the Krebs cycle is not a factor regulating renal ammonia production. A comparison of the effects of acidbase status on glutamine and glutamate metabolism suggests that either glutamine transport or glutamine transaminase activity are significantly increased by acidosis.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Illustrating Tumor Invasion in the IVC From Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Mei-Fang Cheng, Yen-Wen Wu, Kai-Yuan Tzen, Ruoh-Fang Yen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare complication of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We present a right ACC that was found on a routine health checkup and was confirmed by simultaneous measurements of late-afternoon serum cortisol and ACTH levels in a 65-year-old woman. Preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT revealed intense F-18 FDG uptake in the right adrenal region with tumor invasion in the IVC. This PET result was also confirmed by subsequent abdominal MRI. The patient then had a right adrenalectomy with IVC thrombectomy. Pathologic analysis of the right adrenal tumor and the thrombus from the IVC was consistent with ACC.
Smoking-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Kevin R. Flaherty, Charlene Fell, Marie-Christine Aubry, Kevin Brown, Thomas Colby, Ulrich Costabel, Teri J. Franks, Barry H. Gross, David M. Hansell, Ella Kazerooni, Dong Soon Kim, Talmadge E. King, Masanori Kitachi, David Lynch, Jeff Myers, Sonoko Nagai, Andrew G. Nicholson, Venerino Poletti, Ganesh Raghu, Moises Selman, Galen Toews, William Travis, Athol U. Wells, Robert Vassallo, Fernando J. Martinez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Cigarette smoking is a key factor in the development of numerous pulmonary diseases. An international group of clinicians, radiologists and pathologists evaluated patients with previously identified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) to determine unique features of cigarette smoking. Phase 1 (derivation group) identified smoking-related features in patients with a history of smoking (n=41). Phase 2 (validation group) determined if these features correctly predicted the smoking status of IIP patients (n=100) to participants blinded to smoking history. Finally, the investigators sought to determine if a new smoking-related interstitial lung disease phenotype could be defined. Phase 1 suggested that preserved forced vital capacity with disproportionately reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and various radiographic and histopathological findings were smoking-related features. In phase 2, the kappa coefficient among clinicians was 0.16 (95% CI 0.11–0.21), among the pathologists 0.36 (95% CI 0.32–0.40) and among the radiologists 0.43 (95% CI 0.35–0.52) for smoking-related features. Eight of the 100 cases were felt to represent a potential smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Smoking-related features of interstitial lung disease were identified in a minority of smokers and were not specific for smoking. This study is limited by its retrospective design, the potential for recall bias in smoking history and lack of information on second-hand smoke exposure. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between smoking and interstitial lung disease.
CONCERNING CHANGES IN THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TRYPANOSOMA LEWISI PRODUCED BY EXPERIMENTAL MEANS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO VIRULENCE
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

1. Different strains of Trypanosoma lewisi represent different states of biological balance, especially between the powers of propagation and resistance to destruction. 2. The biological status of a given strain of Trypanosoma lewisi is subject to cyclic variations as the result of immunological reactions in the blood of the host. 3. The factors limiting reproduction and causing destruction of Trypanosoma lewisi in the blood are appreciably independent of each other. It is possible, therefore, to influence these processes separately and even in opposite directions. 4. The virulence of Trypanosoma lewisi, manifested in its highest form, is dependent upon some degree of reproductive fastness, strong antigenic action, and susceptibility to destruction, varying degrees in the development of these properties producing corresponding variations in the degree of virulence. 5. By a properly regulated system of passage the properties of Trypanosoma lewisi that determine its infection cycle and its virulence may be eventually so altered as to change completely both the nature and course of the infection. Such a system of passage must be adapted to the particular strain of Trypanosoma lewisi used. 6. Immunological reactions exercise a dominant influence in determining the ultimate biological variations of Trypanosoma lewisi.
Histopathology and medical laboratory scientific officers
Authors: S. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,—Arguing about whether pathologists or technicians should dissect gross specimens and select histopathological blocks overlooks a more fundamental requirement.1 2 Qualifications apart, it is important that the same person handles both the gross and the microscopic examination of each specimen; the two steps ought never to be dissociated. To separate them not only damages the quality of the reporting but, if done regularly, retards the educational development of the pathologist.

The aim of …
John William MacLeod
Authors: Alex MacLeod
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Bicester (b Loughborough 1924; q Cambridge/St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1948), died from heart failure on 28 February 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




After two years' national service in Malaya he entered general practice, joining a partnership in Bicester, where he was to live for the rest of his life. He was a keen sportsman, who played rugby for Cambridge University and in his middle years converted his lawn to a tennis court. In later life he developed a wide interest in literature, and always had a pile of books, as well as the Spectator, beside his chair. He leaves a wife, Rosemary; four children; and nine grandchildren.
Civil–Military Collaboration in the Initial Medical Response to the Earthquake in Haiti
Authors: Paul S. Auerbach, Robert L. Norris, Anil S. Menon, Ian P. Brown, Solomon Kuah, Jennifer Schwieger, Jeffrey Kinyon, Trina N. Helderman, Lynn Lawry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Two days after Haiti's devastating earthquake, a medical relief team made up in part of four emergency physicians and four emergency nurses from Stanford University Hospital and three emergency physicians from Columbia University Medical Center traveled under the auspices of the International Medical Corps, a nonprofit organization based in Los Angeles, to provide emergency medical support. After an all-night bus ride from the Dominican Republic, the team arrived at the Hopital de l'Universite d'Etat d'Haiti in Port-au-Prince on the morning of January 17. The scene we faced was apocalyptic. Approximately 800 victims were within the hospital compound, most of them . . .
Rapid control of therapy-refractory pemphigus vulgaris by treatment with the tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor infliximab
Authors: A. Jacobi, G. Schuler, M. Hertl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Rapid control of therapy‐refractory pemphigus vulgaris by treatment with the tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitor infliximab Get access A. Jacobi, A. Jacobi Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Nürnberg, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany *Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 9, 35037 Marburg, Germany E‐mail: Arnd.Jacobi@derma.imed.uni‐erlangen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Schuler, G. Schuler Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Nürnberg, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany *Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 9, 35037 Marburg, Germany E‐mail: Arnd.Jacobi@derma.imed.uni‐erlangen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Hertl M. Hertl Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Nürnberg, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany *Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 9, 35037 Marburg, Germany E‐mail: Arnd.Jacobi@derma.imed.uni‐erlangen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 2, 1 August 2005, Pages 448–449, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06744.x Published: 01 August 2005
Alopecia Areata 2: Every Hair Is Numbered
Authors: Brooke Horvath
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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