tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alexithymia, Immunity and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Pilot Study
Authors: O. Todarello, A. Casamassima, M. Marinaccio, M.W. La Pesa, L. Caradonna, L. Valentino, L. Marinaccio
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

Alexithymia and circulating lymphocyte subsets were studied in 62 women [36 healthy women and 26 women affected by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, II, III) who were not aware of their status] in order to assess a possible relationship between alexithymia, CIN and immunological lymphocytic functions. Alexithymia was estimated by the 20-item Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale and then correlated with peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. The results of our study report an association between alexithymia and CIN. Alexithymic women show lower rates of almost all lymphocytic subsets compared to nonalexithymic ones. The difference was also found between alexithymic women affected by CIN and alexithymic women with an unsuspicious Pap smear. On the whole, these preliminary results seem to confirm data reported by other authors who hypothesized that a certain personality trait characterized by emotional inhibiton is related to a greater cancer vulnerability. Such relationships might be mediated by certain lymphocytic functions as the result of the alexithymic status. Results reported here need more extensive surveys, in order to control potentially confounding factors related to the personality assessment of the subjects in this study.
English health ombudsman upholds complaints
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The health service commissioner for England, Michael Buckley, has upheld two complaints about clinical failings and in his report to parliament says that the cases may be of value for training purposes.

In the first case a woman complained to the Royal Hospitals NHS Trust about her father's care. The man, who had chronic pulmonary disease, was admitted with shortness of breath in the early hours of the morning but did not see a doctor again until the later evening. The daughter complained that …
<i>FBXW7/hCDC4</i> Is a General Tumor Suppressor in Human Cancer
Authors: Shahab Akhoondi, Dahui Sun, Natalie von der Lehr, Sophia Apostolidou, Kathleen Klotz, Alena Maljukova, Diana Cepeda, Heidi Fiegl, Dimitra Dofou, Christian Marth, Elisabeth Mueller-Holzner, Martin Corcoran, Markus Dagnell, Sepideh Zabihi Nejad, Babak Noori Nayer, Mohammad Reza Zali, Johan Hansson, Susanne Egyhazi, Fredrik Petersson, Per Sangfelt, Hans Nordgren, Dan Grander, Steven I. Reed, Martin Widschwendter, Olle Sangfelt, Charles Spruck
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a major regulatory pathway of protein degradation and plays an important role in cellular division. Fbxw7 (or hCdc4), a member of the F-box family of proteins, which are substrate recognition components of the multisubunit ubiquitin ligase SCF (Skp1-Cdc53/Cullin-F-box-protein), has been shown to mediate the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of several oncoproteins including cyclin E1, c-Myc, c-Jun, and Notch. The oncogenic potential of Fbxw7 substrates, frequent allelic loss in human cancers, and demonstration that mutation of FBXW7 cooperates with p53 in mouse tumorigenesis have suggested that Fbxw7 could function as a tumor suppressor in human cancer. Here, we carry out an extensive genetic screen of primary tumors to evaluate the role of FBXW7 as a tumor suppressor in human tumorigenesis. Our results indicate that FBXW7 is inactivated by mutation in diverse human cancer types with an overall mutation frequency of ∼6%. The highest mutation frequencies were found in tumors of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinomas, 35%), blood (T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, 31%), endometrium (9%), colon (9%), and stomach (6%). Approximately 43% of all mutations occur at two mutational “hotspots,” which alter Arg residues (Arg465 and Arg479) that are critical for substrate recognition. Furthermore, we show that Fbxw7Arg465 hotspot mutant can abrogate wild-type Fbxw7 function through a dominant negative mechanism. Our study is the first comprehensive screen of FBXW7 mutations in various human malignancies and shows that FBXW7 is a general tumor suppressor in human cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9006–12]
High interest in medical uses of marijuana and synthetic analogues
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Rumors of the therapeutic potential of marijuana have a long history: Some archeologists believe the Scythians used cannabis (corroborating an account by Herodotus) and that the drug may have been used in northeast Asia during the neolithic period about 6,000 years ago. Its medical properties even were recorded in China's<i>Pen Ts'oo Ching</i>, the oldest known pharmacopoeia. Several American scientists have studied<i>Cannabis sativa</i>and its therapeutically most promising constituent, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It has proved effective in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma and shows considerable promise as an antiemetic agent, especially in patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. It may also find use as an antianxiety agent, though this is somewhat controversial. But an increasingly popular notion among much of the biomedical community is that if a marijuana-like medication is ever marketed, it probably will be a synthetic analogue tailored to avoid some of the effects of the natural drug. The
In vitro activity of chloroquine and quinine in combination with desferrioxamine against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>
Authors: Leonardo K. Basco, Jacques Le Bras
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

The activity of chloroquine and quinine, alone and in combination with desferrioxamine (7 mumol/liter), was evaluated in vitro against susceptible and resistant clones of Plasmodium falciparum by a semimicroassay system. The addition of desferrioxamine had no effect on the activity of chloroquine against both clones. Desferrioxamine had no effect on the activity of quinine against the susceptible clone but had slightly enhanced quinine action against the resistant clone. Further development of desferrioxamine as an antimalarial drug may be of limited interest.
How to Suppress Quackery.
Authors: J. L. Short
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Rolla, Mo., Sept. 1, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Ever since the 4th of March, 1897, when Governor Lon V. Stephens put his fist to the bill entitled "An act to regulate the practice of the science of healing diseases and injuries without the use of drugs, known as osteopathy," and sent the congratulations by wire, of himself and wife, to the father of the imposition, praising him for "the wonderful advancement he had made in medical science," Missouri has had to confess with shame, that she is the mother of one of the grossest frauds that has ever been imposed upon the sickly and weak-minded people. This bastard to science has been advertised in the daily and weekly newspapers, and the laity has read only one side, until rational physicians are looked upon as "jealous cranks who oppose scientific progress." I was a member of the 38th General Assembly of
Positive predictive value of tests for breast disease
Authors: J. W T Chalmers, D. Breen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

absolute difference between the rates is almost similar in both cases.Our main comment, however, relates to Frisoni and colleagues' concluding comments.Although we agree that prospective studies are needed, we do not agree that the epidemiological relevance of e4 in determining Alzheimer's disease may be lower than suggested by others.This is certainly plausible.Although we have no extensive clinical data on Alzheimer's disease available in our cohort, the proportion of men with the disease in our population based sample of elderly men was probably very low.Since despite this low propor- tion e4 predicts cognitive decline, the role of e4 in dementia and disorders related to dementia in general might instead be larger than expected.
Disorders of Amino-Acid Transport
Authors: M. D. Milne
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Transport mechanisms of essential metabolites are now recognized as being of great importance in physiology and disease.There are three sites in the body which are of especial importance in this respect: the jejunum, where substances are transported from the intestinal lumen to the portal blood; the renal tubules, where transport mechanisms are essential in the reabsorption of substances filtered at the glomeruli; and the cellular membranes, which control the passage of metabolites between the extracellular and intracellular fluids.Historically, glucose was the substance in which transport mechanisms were first studied in detail because of the use of phlorhizin as a physiological tooL Phlorhizin was first isolated from apple-tree bark by de Koninck (1835), and its action in-causing glycosuria was recognized by von Mering (1888).The investigations of Mayrs (1923) and Poulsson (1930) suggested that this action was due to failure of reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular filtrate, a view finally confirmed by Jolliffe et al. (1932), who showed that the glucose, xylose, sucrose, and rafflinose clear- ances were identical in the phlorhizinized dog, although widely different in the normal animal.These physiological results were rapidly applied to clinical medicine.Marble (1932) defined criteria for the certain diagnosis of renal glycosuria ; criteria which are still used in practice to-day.Later it was recognized by application of clearance techniques to clinical patients that renal glycosuria was of two types (Govaerts and Lambert, 1949;Reubi, 1951).In the more severe varieties, occurring either as an isolated tubular defect or in association with generalized tubular disorder as in the Fanconi syndrome, there was a true abnormality of glucose transport, similar to that of the phlorhizinized animal.In most patients with renal glycosuria, however, no transport defect was found, the disorder being due to an unusual degree of hetero- genicity of individual nephrons in respect of their ability to reabsorb glucose from the glomerular filtrate.Similar studies of amino-acid transport were at first hampered by lack of suitable analytical methods.Dent (1950), applying the method of paper chromatographic separation devised by Consden et al. (1944) to biological fluids, showed that abnormal amounts of amino-acids in urine could be due either to an "overflow mechanism" similar to diabetes mellitus or to a " renal mechanism " resembling renal glycosuria.In the former type there was an increase of plasma concentration of one or several amino-acids, and the kidney was reacting normally to an abnormal environment.In the latter type the plasma concen- tration of amino-acid was either normal or somewhat reduced, and the basic abnormality lay in tubular amino-acid transport mechanisms.The situation is obviously more complex in relation to the 21 separate amino-acids derived from protein hydrolysis as compared with the single substance involved in renal glycosuria.Harris (1957) stated that a single disease
The National Library of Medicine
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial Medullary Carcinoma and Parathyroid Adenoma Without Pheochromocytoma
Authors: WILLIAM S. MARKEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Three siblings had medullary cancer of the thyroid without pheochromocytomas. Two of them had associated parathyroid adenomas and hypercalcemia and renal stones. Only two other such patients are recorded in the literature.
Abstract 5354: Neuropeptide Y as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chandrani Sarkar, Debanjan Chakroborty
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Colorectal cancer affects a large population not only in the United States but worldwide and is one of the major causes of mortality due to cancer. Among the numerous risk factors that might lead to the incidence and development of this disease, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been identified as a very prominent factor and patients are at much higher risk of developing colorectal cancer in their lifetime. Objective/Hypothesis: As chronic inflammation leads to colorectal cancer and among the various neuromediators, the neuropeptides, particularly neuropeptide Y (NPY) is associated with the development and progression of IBD and as NPY has the potential to augment inflammation and angiogenesis through its Y2 receptor we hypothesize that NPY is an important regulator of the process of development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Results: Our results show that the expression of both NPY its Y2 receptor is upregulated in an axozymethane / dextran sodium sulphate (AOM/DSS) induced mouse model of inflammatory CRC. Upregulation of NPY in AOM/DSS induced CRC in mice is associated with increased angiogenesis. NPY Y2 receptors are expressed in these angiogenic vessels. Furthermore, this upregulation of NPY and Y2 receptor is also related to higher expression of the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, that has been shown to promote progression of carcinogenesis in AOM/DSS induced CRC mouse models. Our in vitro studies show that NPY can promote angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (migration and permeability) through Y2 receptors present in these cells. Conclusion: We here show for the first time that NPY might be associated with the progression of inflammatory colorectal cancer and hence may serve as a prognostic marker of the disease. Citation Format: Chandrani Sarkar, Debanjan Chakroborty. Neuropeptide Y as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5354. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5354
Effective prevention of atrial fibrillation by continuous atrial overdrive pacing after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Dominique Blommaert, Manuel Gonzalez, Joseph Mucumbitsi, Olivier Gurné, Patrick Evrard, Michel Buche, Yves Louagie, Philippe Eucher, Jacques Jamart, Etienne Installé, Luc De Roy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Skeletal Muscle Reflex in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Adam C. Scott, Roland Wensel, Constantinos H. Davos, Panagiota Georgiadou, Michael Kemp, James Hooper, Andrew J.S. Coats, Massimo F. Piepoli
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— An important role of the increased stimulation of skeletal muscle ergoreceptors (intramuscular afferents sensitive to products of muscle work) in the genesis of symptoms of exertion intolerance in chronic heart failure (CHF) has been proposed. With the use of selective infusions and dietary manipulation methods, we sought to identify the role of H + , K + , lactate, and peripheral hemodynamics on ergoreflex overactivation. Methods and Results— Ten stable CHF patients (aged 67.9±2.5 years, peak oxygen uptake 16.3±1.2 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ) and 10 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects were studied. The ergoreflex contribution to ventilation was assessed by post-handgrip regional circulatory occlusion (PH-RCO) and computed as the difference in ventilation between PH-RCO and a control run without PH-RCO. This test was performed on 6 separate occasions. On each occasion a different chemical was infused (insulin, sodium nitroprusside, sodium bicarbonate, dopamine, or saline) or a 36-hour glucose-free diet was undertaken before the test. During all stages of the protocol, the local muscular blood effluent concentrations of H + , K + , glucose, and lactate were assessed. An ergoreflex effect on the ventilatory response was seen in patients (versus control subjects) during the saline infusions (6.7±2.3 L/min versus −0.1±0.5 L/min, P &lt;0.01). The only intervention to significantly lower the ergoreflex was sodium bicarbonate (0.4±0.3 L/min versus −0.2±0.4 L/min in control subjects, P =NS; versus saline P &lt;0.05), which also reduced H + concentration during exercise (47.4±1.3 versus 50.0±1.4 nmol/L on saline, P &lt;0.05). Conclusion— A reduction of the H + concentration by infusion of sodium bicarbonate abolishes the increased ergoreceptor activity in CHF, suggesting a role of H + in ergoreflex activation, either directly or indirectly.
Association between c135G/A genotype and RET proto-oncogene germline mutations and phenotype of Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Guido Fitze, Jakob Cramer, Andreas Ziegler, Mandy Schierz, Matthias Schreiber, Eberhard Kuhlisch, Dietmar Roesner, Hans K Schackert
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Comparative Trial of Nutrizym in Chronic Pancreatic Insufficiency
Authors: R. P. Knill-Jones, H. Pearce, J. Batten, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A cross-over trial of pancreatic replacement therapy was carried out in 12 adults with chronic pancreatic insufficiency. The standard enteric-coated preparation, Pancrex V forte, was compared with Nutrizym, which has an enteric-coated core of pancreatic extract and a shell of bromelains-a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the stem of the pineapple.Nutrizym was significantly more effective than Pancrex V forte in improving fat absorption, and reduced faecal weight. Protein digestion was assessed by measuring the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline after a gelatin meal. Nutrizym produced an earlier and significantly higher peak in hydroxyproline excretion than Pancrex V forte, but the cumulative effect was similar. The value of bromelains was investigated by including a period on the Nutrizym core alone. This was similar to Pancrex V forte in improving fat absorption but had less effect on protein digestion, suggesting that the beneficial effect of Nutrizym compared with Pancrex V forte was due to the added bromelains, and not to differences in enzyme content or enteric coating.
Lipopolysaccharide fromescherichia coli stimulates mucin secretion by cultured dog gallbladder epithelial cells
Authors: JaeWoon Choi, Henri J. Klinkspoor, Tadashi Yoshida, Sum P. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Biliary infection is associated with mucin hypersecretion by the biliary epithelium. Mucins have been identified as potent pronucleators of cholesterol in bile. The aim of the present study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from different bacteria are capable of stimulating mucin secretion by cultured dog gallbladder epithelial (DGBE) cells, and to investigate the mechanism by which LPS stimulate mucin secretion. Mucin secretion by confluent monolayers of DGBE cells was quantified by measuring the secretion of [3H]– N –acetyl– d –glucosamine-labeled glycoproteins. Cell viability was evaluated by measuring the leakage of the enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), into the culture medium. LPS, derived from Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (200 μg/mL), all caused an increase in mucin secretion by the DGBE cells, without causing concomitant cell lysis. LPS from E. coli was found to be the most potent stimulator of mucin secretion, and increased mucin secretion by the DGBE cells to 252% ± 14% of control. LPS from E. coli had no effect on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the DGBE cells. Addition of the nitric oxide (NO)–releasing compound, NOR–4 (0.125–1 mmol/L), to the cells did not result in increased mucin secretion, and the NO synthase inhibitor, Nω –nitro– l –arginine methyl ester ( l –NAME) (4 or 10 mmol/L), did not inhibit the LPS–stimulated mucin secretion. Exogenous tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α) (1–10 ng/mL) did cause a minor increase in mucin secretion by the DGBE cells, but the effect of LPS from E. coli on mucin secretion could not be inhibited by preincubation with a TNF–α antibody (10 μg/mL). We conclude that LPS stimulates mucin secretion by the gallbladder epithelium. Whether this stimulation is mediated by TNF–α remains to be determined.(Hepatology 1999;29:1352–1357.)
Vascular Surgery: Theory and Practice
Authors: Steven M. Hertz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Editors Allan Callow and Calvin Ernst have compiled a wonderful new textbook on vascular surgery with expanded sections on vascular biology. In the preface to this first edition, the editors acknowledge their desire to educate vascular surgeons on the growing fund of diverse information, which they feel is critical to a full understanding of vascular disease. "Our principal motivation... is to provide the vascular surgeon, in practice and in training, with a 'user-friendly' current source that acknowledges and interprets some of the immense amount of new knowledge of vascular disease and vascular biology... what we perceive as an expanding need." In this lofty goal they have enlisted over 100 contributors writing 114 chapters. The first, "Cellular and Molecular Biology for the Vascular Surgeon," by Allan Callow himself, quickly demonstrates the difference between this and other vascular textbooks. The chapter provides an overview of cellular components and experimental techniques
Impairment of physical performance after treatment with beta blockers and alpha blockers.
Authors: C Bengtsson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

An investigation was made into the effect of various types of beta blockers, an alpha blocker, a combined alpha and beta blocker, and a diuretic on physical performance in a normotensive man. Beta blockers, the alpha blocker, and the combined alpha and beta blocker significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced physical performance. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in a larger series of subjects.
Impairment of Hemostasis in Patients With Severe Hemophilia
Authors: George R. Buchanan, Robert I. Handin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Twenty-three patients with severe hemophilia were given single or multiple doses of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, or guaifenesin to test their effects on hemostasis. In contrast with earlier studies with aspirin, bleeding times were not prolonged after ingestion of these three drugs. No patient had hemorrhage because of the drugs, and none recalled excessive bleeding following drug ingestion. These results greatly extend the clinical implications of prior observations carried out in normal subjects demonstrating that many antiplatelet drugs have no effects on in vivo hemostasis. We conclude that these drugs are probably safe for patients with bleeding disorders like hemophilia. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2173-2174, 1978)