tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<b> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia in Patients With Permanent Pacemakers or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators </b>
Authors: Anna Lisa Chamis, Gail E. Peterson, Christopher H. Cabell, G. Ralph Corey, Robert A. Sorrentino, Ruth Ann Greenfield, Thomas Ryan, L. Barth Reller, Vance G. Fowler
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Although cardiac device infections (CDIs) are a devastating complication of permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the incidence of CDI in patients with bacteremia is not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of CDI among patients with permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators who develop Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods and Results A cohort of all adult patients with SAB and permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators over a 6-year period was evaluated prospectively. The overall incidence of confirmed CDI was 15 of 33 (45.4%). Confirmed CDI occurred in 9 of the 12 patients (75%) with early SAB (&lt;1 year after device placement). Fifteen of 21 patients (71.5%) with late SAB (≥1 year after device placement) had either confirmed (6 of 21, 28.5%) or possible (9 of 21, 43%) CDI. In 60% of the patients (9 of 15) with confirmed CDI, no local signs or symptoms suggesting generator pocket infection were noted. Conclusions The incidence of CDI among patients with SAB and cardiac devices is high. Neither physical examination nor echocardiography can exclude the possibility of CDI. In patients with early SAB, the device is usually involved, and ≈40% of these patients have obvious clinical signs of cardiac device involvement. Conversely, in patients with late SAB, the cardiac device is rarely the initial source of bacteremia, and there is a paucity of local signs of device involvement. The cardiac device is involved, however, in ≥28% of these patients.
Assessment of systolic function in left ventricular aneurysms by strain rate imaging: studies at baseline and with alteration of function in a chronic animal model
Authors: Rosemary A. Rusk, Julia C. Swanson-Birchill, Crispin H. Davies, Sebastian T. Schindera, Michael Jones, Antoinette Kenny, Xiaokui Li, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Inorganic mercury exposure, mercury-copper interaction, and DMPS treatment in rats.
Authors: M Blanusa, L Prester, S Radić, B Kargacin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of oral treatment with sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) on reducing mercury deposits in rat kidney after chronic exposure to inorganic mercury. The effect on kidney copper levels was also evaluated. The results showed that after two months of exposure to 50 ppm of mercury (as mercuric chloride) the concentration of mercury in the kidney was 124 micrograms/g wet tissue. At the same time copper concentration rose from 11 to 77 micrograms/g. DMPS treatment caused 2- and almost 4-fold reduction of mercury and copper, respectively. This study demonstrates that chronic exposure to inorganic mercury may alter metabolism of copper and that DMPS is an effective means for reduction of both mercury and copper.
An ‘instruction School’ – a Practicum
Authors: Ruth M. Lynch
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The writer, a psychiatric social worker, describes an innovative program designed to complement home tutoring of seriously disturbed children suspended from school. The physical plant of a psychiatric clinic and its staff are exploited to give more structure and content to the lives of the children toward clearer diagnosis and the development of relationships and ego-strength with the end purpose of return to school.
Fluoride and Optic Neuritis
Authors: G. L. Waldbott
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BmMHRIT 945 some real fresh air in the luxuriant grounds -even to go shopping in the nearby town.Old-fashioned visitors, bearing their pre- mortuary flowers, will be nonplussed to find their loved ones playing gin-rummy in the day-room instead of lying safely tucked up, wan and hush-voiced, in beds of sickness.Within less than a fortnight most patients will decide they are whole again, and will discharge themselves as fit to get on with the business of living.There will be no need, moreover, for expensive convalescent and rehabilitation units, except for those comparatively rare cases left with some per- manent disability which has to be circum- vented.Illnesses, operations, physicians, and surgeons (it may be regretted) will have lost their mystique, their prestige, and their glamour.A stay in hospital will have come to be regarded as a slightly discreditable inci- dent, like a visit to the dentist, instead of- as now-a sacred ritual comparable to the lengthy Arapesh initiation ceremony.'Mind you, there is another school of thought which predicts that by A.D. 2014 a dental extraction will involve 14 days' bed- rest in a vitiated sleepless atmosphere, two weeks' convalescence, six weeks' sick benefit, and, of course, out-patient follow-up for six months.This may be true: indeed, such may be the present trend; but my bet is that in a further 50 years the pendulum will have swung the other way.My way.Any takers ?-I am, etc.,
Randomised controlled trial of problem solving treatment, antidepressant medication, and combined treatment for major depression in primary care
Authors: L. M Mynors-Wallis
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether problem solving treatment combined with antidepressant medication is more effective than either treatment alone in the management of major depression in primary care. To assess the effectiveness of problem solving treatment when given by practice nurses compared with general practitioners when both have been trained in the technique. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial with four treatment groups. <b>Setting:</b> Primary care in Oxfordshire. <b>Participants:</b> Patients aged 18-65 years with major depression on the research diagnostic criteria—a score of 13 or more on the 17 item Hamilton rating scale for depression and a minimum duration of illness of four weeks. <b>Interventions:</b> Problem solving treatment by research general practitioner or research practice nurse or antidepressant medication or a combination of problem solving treatment and antidepressant medication. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Hamilton rating scale for depression, Beck depression inventory, clinical interview schedule (revised), and the modified social adjustment schedule assessed at 6, 12, and 52 weeks. <b>Results:</b> Patients in all groups showed a clear improvement over 12 weeks. The combination of problem solving treatment and antidepressant medication was no more effective than either treatment alone. There was no difference in outcome irrespective of who delivered the problem solving treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Problem solving treatment is an effective treatment for depressive disorders in primary care. The treatment can be delivered by suitably trained practice nurses or general practitioners. The combination of this treatment with antidepressant medication is no more effective than either treatment alone. <h3>Key messages</h3> Problem solving treatment is an effective treatment for depressive disorders in primary care Problem solving treatment can be delivered by suitably trained practice nurses as effectively as by general practitioners The combination of problem solving treatment and antidepressant medication is no more effective than either treatment alone Problem solving treatment is most likely to benefit patients who have a depressive disorder of moderate severity and who wish to participate in an active psychological treatment
NICE backs leukaemia drug after manufacturer drops price
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Tai chi has been claimed to generate beneficial effects with respect to a wide range of diseases. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) testing the effectiveness of tai chi for increasing aerobic capacity. Systematic searches were conducted on 14 electronic databases without restrictions on population characteristics or the language of publication. The outcome measures considered for inclusion were changes in maximal oxygen consumption as a test for aerobic capacity. Five RCTs met all inclusion criteria. Three RCTs compared the effects of tai chi with no treatment. The meta-analysis failed to show an effect of tai chi on aerobic capacity compared with sedentary controls (n = 151, weight mean difference, ml/kg/min, 0.50, 95% CI −1.14 to 2.15, p = 0.55). Two RCTs compared tai chi with conventional physical exercise including brisk, low intensity and moderate intensity walking, and aerobic exercise. The results show that tai chi was not statistically significantly superior to physical exercise. In conclusion, the existing evidence does not suggest that regular tai chi is an effective way of increasing aerobic capacity.
Cytotoxic Antibodies to Allogenic Lymphocytes in Prostatic Cancer
Authors: R. J. Ablin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent communication (<b>216</b>:2015, 1971), we reported on the presence of cytotoxic antibodies to allogenic lymphocytes in the serum of two of 22 patients (9%) with carcinoma of the prostate as determined by the lymphocytotoxicity test.<sup>1</sup>In addition, the sera of these two patients have since been shown to contain leukoagglutinating antibodies as determined by the method of capillary agglutination.<sup>2</sup> The cytotoxic property of sera of patients with carinoma of the prostate has now been found to be complement dependent and following the procedure of Wilson et al<sup>3</sup>were specifically absorbed with reactive lymphocytes, suggesting that the factor responsible for cytotoxicity was a true antibody. Perhaps of further significance was the finding, as shown in the accompanying Table, that comparable lymphocytotoxic activity for allogenic lymphocytes was not observed in serum specimens obtained from 28 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (<b>216</b>:2015, 1971),
Familial inherited abnormalities Clinics in gastroenterology
Authors: R B Mcconnell
Journal: Gut (1982)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Humans can internally represent auditory information without an external stimulus. When imagining music, how similar are unfolding neural representations to those during the original perceived experience? Can rhythmic motion influence the neural representation of music during imagery as during perception? Participants first memorized six one-minute-long instrumental musical pieces with high accuracy. Functional MRI data were collected during: 1) silent imagery of melodies to the beat of a visual metronome; 2) same but while tapping to the beat; and 3) passive listening. During imagery, inter-subject comparison showed that melody-specific temporal response patterns were reinstated in right associative auditory cortices. When tapping accompanied imagery, the melody-specific neural patterns were extended to associative cortices bilaterally. These results indicate that the specific contents of conscious experience are encoded similarly during imagery and perception in the dynamic activity of auditory cortices. Furthermore, rhythmic motion can enhance the reinstatement of neural patterns associated with the experience of complex sounds, in keeping with models of motor to sensory influences in auditory processing.
Caring for the young disabled.
Authors: D Gloag
Journal: BMJ (1983)

localisation, and associated symptoms of the headache rapidly outline and give a lead to the diagnosis.Having taken an adequate history and examined the patient, commit yourself by writing down the diagnosis in your notes or in a letter to the consultant-and keep a copy.Learn from the reply and thus benefit from your own and others' experience.Remember also that in consultant practice we are by no means always confident in our initial diagnosis: the picture clears with time and response to reassurance and treatment, as well as with failure or progression.Is the effort worth while?If headache is common in your practice and you wish to decide with which patients you can cope and those who need hospital referral-and to the right specialist-then the answer is obvious.
P623RGS-1 modulates leukocyte trafficking in atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation through chemokine receptor desensitisation
Authors: J Patel, E Mcneill, G Douglas, A Hale, J De Bono, DR Greaves, KM Channon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The regulation of macrophage recruitment and retention into the vascular wall is critical in the progression of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation. This can be mediated by chemokine activation of multiple G-protein coupled receptors. The Regulator of G-Protein Signalling-1 (RGS1) acts to deactivate the intracellular response to sustained chemokine stimulation. We have found that RGS-1 is up-regulated with atherosclerotic plaque progression and with monocyte-macrophage activation. However little is known about the role of RGS-1 in macrophage function in vivo. Rgs1 deficient macrophages have significantly enhanced migratory responses to atherogenic chemokines (p<0.05) and have impaired desensitisation to repeated chemokine re-stimulation (p<0.001). In vivo, RGS1 has a role in the accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and during Angiotensin-II aortic aneurysm rupture. In the absence of RGS1, atherosclerosis is attenuated in early lesions in the aortic root and aortas of ApoE-/- mice (p<0.001) which is accompanied by fewer macrophages in the aortic root. Rgs1-/-ApoE-/- mice are protected from Angiotensin-II induced aneurysm rupture compared to ApoE-/- mice with 94% survival vs. 56% (p=0.0147). Rgs1-/-ApoE-/- mice have significantly fewer CD11b+ myeloid cells and CD14+ macrophages in aortas than ApoE-/- mice (p<0.05) after 5 days of Angiotensin-II infusion. Following bone marrow transplantation, recipient mice receiving ApoE-/- bone marrow were more susceptible to aortic aneurysm rupture (p=0.0124), indicating bone marrow-derived RGS-1 is required for aneurysm rupture. Furthermore, Angiotensin II treatment increased systolic blood pressure to a greater extent in Rgs1-/-ApoE-/- mice than ApoE-/- mice suggesting aneurysm formation in these mice is independent of Ang-II induced hypertension and this is mediated by vascular-derived RGS-1.To gain insight into the mechanism by which RGS1 regulates trafficking, we selectively labelled circulating inflammatory monocytes in vivo to track their movement into aortas following Ang II infusion. We found an accumulation of labelled CD45+ cells in the aortas of ApoE-/- mice from day 3 to day 5 but not in Rgs1-/-ApoE-/- mice indicating RGS1 as a regulator of macrophage retention in aortic aneurysms. These findings identify a novel role for RGS1 in leukocyte function and vascular inflammation and identifies RGS1 as a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
John Campbell Miller
Authors: John Keene
Journal: BMJ (2008)

John Campbell Miller began as an insurance underwriter but changed to medicine in October 1938, attributing this to a new found Christian faith. After three years of study at night classes he was admitted to the new medical school of the University of Birmingham in 1938, qualifying in 1943. He worked at Walsall, then at the maternity hospital in the city. This …
Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Gordon K. MacLeod
Journal: JAMA (1970)

For the past four years, groups of internists have voluntarily organized an annual review of internal medicine, utilizing the burgeoning Yale Medical School faculty. From an initial emphasis on preparation for board examinations, the course evolved into a comprehensive, clinically oriented review of the field, characterized by a steady enrollment growth from year to year, high attendance rates, and low cost. Continuing participant sponsorship and self-administration clearly distinguish this organizational pattern from the conventional approach to postgraduate medical education.
Transposon mutagenesis identifies genes driving hepatocellular carcinoma in a chronic hepatitis B mouse model
Authors: Emilie A Bard-Chapeau, Anh-Tuan Nguyen, Alistair G Rust, Ahmed Sayadi, Philip Lee, Belinda Q Chua, Lee-Sun New, Johann de Jong, Jerrold M Ward, Christopher K Y Chin, Valerie Chew, Han Chong Toh, Jean-Pierre Abastado, Touati Benoukraf, Richie Soong, Frederic A Bard, Adam J Dupuy, Randy L Johnson, George K Radda, Eric Chun Yong Chan, Lodewyk F A Wessels, David J Adams, Nancy A Jenkins, Neal G Copeland
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Administration of Gonadal Steroids to the Castrated Male Rat Prevents a Decrease in the Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone from the Incubated Hypothalamus
Authors: Robert S. Rudenstein, Homayoon Bigdeli, Maureen H. McDonald, Peter J. Snyder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The influence of testosterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion was assessed indirectly by altering the serum testosterone concentration of male rats and measuring GnRH release from their incubated hypothalami 1 wk later.
Abstract PR2: Functional characterization of p53-regulated long intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs
Authors: Nadya M. Dimitrova, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract LincRNAs (long intervening noncoding RNAs) constitute a novel class of long, noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in regulating gene expression in diverse biological processes by modulating the activity of chromatin-modifying complexes. In collaboration with the Rinn laboratory at the Broad Institute, we have identified a set of lincRNAs that appear to be direct transcriptional targets of p53. These lincRNAs contain p53 binding elements in their promoter regions and are strongly upregulated in a p53-dependent manner upon DNA damage and in response to oncogenic stress. We have hypothesized that these lincRNAs may be new components of the p53 network and may contribute to p53 tumor suppressor function by regulating the expression of genes in cancer-relevant pathways. Using a combination of molecular genetic studies, cell biology, biochemistry, as well as gene targeting in the mouse, our aim is to dissect the biological function of these lincRNAs in vivo and in isolated cells. To date, we have generated a conditional knockout mutant for lincRNA-p21, one of the p53-regulated lincRNAs, which was recently shown to mediate gene repression in the p53 transcriptional network. Using this genetic tool, we plan to characterize the consequences of lincRNA-p21 loss in mice and in isolated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our goal is to identify genes that are regulated by lincRNA-p21 and to map out interactions between lincRNA-p21 and the p53 transcriptional network. We will also focus on dissecting the mechanism by which lincRNA-p21 may regulate the expression of target genes. We have also identified a lincRNA, linc9, which is induced by DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Even though the expression of linc9 appears to be p53-independent, our preliminary experiments indicate that linc9 may influence the outcome of p53 activation by promoting apoptosis in response to high levels of DNA damage. In sum, by studying the function and mechanism of p53-regulated and DNA damage-induced lincRNAs, we hope to achieve a better understanding of the role of long noncoding RNAs in modulating the p53 pathway and more broadly in regulating cancer-related processes. This abstract is also presented as Poster B19. Citation Format: Nadya M. Dimitrova, Tyler Jacks. Functional characterization of p53-regulated long intervening non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR2.
Quantitative Analysis of Methylation of Genomic Loci in Early-Stage Rectal Cancer Predicts Distant Recurrence
Authors: Michiel F.G. de Maat, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Martijn P.J. van der Werff, Hein Putter, Naoyuki Umetani, Elma Meershoek Klein-Kranenbarg, Roderick R. Turner, J. Han J.M. van Krieken, Anton Bilchik, Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

There are no accurate prognostic biomarkers specific for rectal cancer. Epigenetic aberrations, in the form of DNA methylation, accumulate early during rectal tumor formation. In a preliminary study, we investigated absolute quantitative methylation changes associated with tumor progression of rectal tissue at multiple genomic methylated-in-tumor (MINT) loci sequences. We then explored in a different clinical patient group whether these epigenetic changes could be correlated with clinical outcome.Absolute quantitative assessment of methylated alleles was used to assay methylation changes at MINT 1, 2, 3, 12, 17, 25, and 31 in sets of normal, adenomatous, and malignant tissues from 46 patients with rectal cancer. Methylation levels of these biomarkers were then assessed in operative specimens of 251 patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) without neoadjuvant radiotherapy in a multicenter clinical trial.Methylation at MINT 2, 3, and 31 increased 11-fold (P = .005), 15-fold (P < .001), and two-fold (P = .02), respectively, during adenomatous transformation in normal rectal epithelium. Unsupervised grouping analyses of quantitative MINT methylation data of TME trial patients demonstrated two prognostic subclasses. In multivariate analysis of node-negative patients, this subclassification was the only predictor for distant recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 4.17; 95% CI, 1.72 to 10.10; P = .002), cancer-specific survival (HR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.43; P = .003), and overall survival (HR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.41 to 5.11; P = .005).Methylation levels of specific MINT loci can be used as prognostic variables in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I and II rectal cancer. Quantitative epigenetic classification of rectal cancer merits evaluation as a stratification factor for adjuvant treatment in early disease.
Envelope-Targeted Retrovirus Vectors Transduce Melanoma Xenografts but Not Spleen or Liver
Authors: Francisco Martın, Simon Chowdhury, Stuart Neil, Neil Phillipps, Mary K Collins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Many cancer gene therapy applications would benefit from the development of targeted vectors that could deliver genes in vivo. We have previously achieved efficient in vitro targeting of retrovirus vectors to melanoma cells by fusion of a single chain antibody recognizing the highmolecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMWMAA), followed by a blocking peptide and a matrix metalloprotease cleavage site, to the amino terminus of the murine leukemia virus amphotropic strain envelope. Here we report that up to 3% of cells within an HMWMAA-positive tumor xenograft were infected following a single injection of argeted vector into the tumor and up to 10% of tumor cells became infected when they were co-injected with viral producer cells. No infected cells were detected after delivery of targeted vectors to HMWMAA-negative tumor xenografts. Intraperitoneal injection of amphotropic vectors or producer cells resulted in transduction in spleen and liver, which was not detected when targeted vectors or producer cells were used. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using targeted retroviral vectors for in vivo gene delivery to tumors and highlight the safety benefits of targeted vectors that do not infect other host tissues.