tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats.
Authors: L A Love, J I Rader, L J Crofford, R B Raybourne, M A Principato, S W Page, M W Trucksess, M J Smith, E M Dugan, M L Turner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) produced by a single manufacturer. Epidemiological data implicated 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) (EBT) (peak 97 or peak E) as a possible etiologic agent. We showed previously that Lewis rats treated with the L-TRP implicated in EMS develop fasciitis and perimyositis similar to those seen in human EMS. We now report the pathology associated with the treatment of Lewis rats with synthetic EBT and/or L-TRP. All animals treated for 6 wk with case-associated L-TRP or EBT developed significant myofascial thickening, compared with animals in the vehicle control and control L-TRP groups. However, even those animals receiving the control L-TRP showed a mild but significant increase in the thickness of the myofascia, compared with vehicle-treated control animals. All animals except vehicle controls also exhibited significant pancreatic pathology, including fibrosis and acinar changes. Only animals treated with case-associated L-TRP for 6 wk showed evidence of immune activation with increased frequency of CD8, Ia, and IL-2 receptor-positive cells in the peripheral blood. Animals receiving L-TRP or EBT for < 6 wk did not show significant differences in myofascial thickness, although these animals did show pancreatic acinar changes. Although these results demonstrate for the first time the pathological effects of EBT, they do not rule out the possibility that other impurities in the EMS-case-associated L-TRP may also contribute to some of the features of EMS.
Incomplete Financial Disclosures in a Letter on Reducing Opioid Abuse and Diversion
Authors: Scott M. Fishman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Voluntary agreement for tobacco advertising at retail premises not being adhered to
Authors: W. Robertson, S. E. Rooney, N. J G Field, N. R Aston
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are usedEditor-We wish to reply to Davie and McMurray's comments about our article on the assessment of acutely dyspnoeic patients with suspected heart failure; we did not see it before publication. 1We too were surprised by the excellent sensitivity of clinical examination in our study.We suspect that all our patients with systolic dysfunction had advanced disease and that assessment by general practitioners before admission resulted in referral of only those with New York Heart Association grade III or IV heart failure.Davie and McMurray criticise the sensitivities obtained when combinations of investigations were used in addition to clinical examination.The apparent misunderstanding relates to the fact that we used clinical examination and/or the various investigations (chest radiography, electrocardiography) in the detection of systolic dysfunction.The left hand column in table 2 in our paper shows the collection of investigations that were used to reach the diagnosis in each case, but the final diagnosis was based on the appropriate abnormality on clinical examination and chest radiography or electrocardiography.This is why sensitivity and specificity can both improve as more investigations are considered.We apologise if this was unclear from our table 2.
Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People: Challenges for Prevention
Authors: J. Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Michael Rutter Cambridge University Press, pounds sterling30, pp 403 ISBN 0 521 46187 1

Psychosocial Disturbances in Young People presents strong evidence that criminal activity, suicidal behaviour, substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders have all increased in frequency since the second world war. All the more surprising as this coincides with a steady improvement in physical health and better living conditions.

The book focuses first on understanding adolescence and its associated problem behaviours. There are numerous interesting research findings. For example, delinquency is the only problem behaviour that peaks in adolescence and then declines—affecting 60% of 15 year olds and then declining to 40% of 20 year olds. …
A novel gene encoding an integral membrane protein is mutated in nephropathic cystinosis
Authors: Margaret Town, Geneviève Jean, Stèphanie Cherqui, Marlene Attard, Lionel Forestier, Scott A. Whitmore, David F. Callen, Olivier Gribouval, Michel Broyer, Gillian P. Bates, William van't Hoff, Corinne Antignac
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Development of neurological problems after lumbar puncture
Authors: I K Hart, I Bone, D M Hadley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Reflexions sur 3 observations de ponctions lombaires suivies de complications neurologiques: 1 cas d'hemorragie sous arachnoidienne avec anevrysme, 1 cas d'hematomes sous-duraux bilateraux comprimant les ventricules, 1 cas de hernie et infarctus medullaire amenant une quadriplegie et evoluant vers la mort
Studies on Human Platelet Glycolysis. Effect of Glucose, Cyanide, Insulin, Citrate, and Agglutination and Contraction on Platelet Glycolysis*
Authors: Simon Karpatkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Evidence for a metabolically active plasma-free platelet system is presented. Glycogenolysis was found to be a potent pathway for lactate production. Aerobic glycolysis constituted a major fraction of glucose metabolized. Both insulin and cyanide increased lactate production in the presence of glucose. The Krebs cycle appeared to be operative for ATP synthesis when citrate was used as substrate. The first stages of gluconeogenesis were noted to be present. Glucose uptake contributed to increased lactate production.Thrombin, epinephrine, and ADP resulted in platelet agglutination and contraction and increased platelet glycogenolysis (phosphorylase activity). Epinephrine appeared to be a more potent activator of phosphorylase, resulting in a 70% increase in glucose 6-phosphate levels. Thrombin and epinephrine both increased glucose uptake and lactate production. Glucose uptake decreased in the presence of ADP. Except for incubations with epinephrine, glucose 6-phosphate remained constant under conditions in which lactate flux increased 3-fold and glucose uptake increased 2-fold. Thrombin, epinephrine, and ADP decreased ATP levels in the presence or absence of glucose.
COLLOIDS IN SYPHILIS
Authors: J. E. R. McDonagh
Journal: BMJ (1917)

COLLOIDS IN SYPHILIS.rMAY 19, rg97UZ XDICAfi JOURAL action of aqueous mercuty perchloride solutiolns suagests -hab, like alcohol, it does so by diiuinislling dissociation.here seems to be some difference of opinion about the dielectric constant of glycerine, but probably it is less than that of alcohol ( 25), so that it would as a solvent have even less dissociating power.As far as I know, it is not generally considered, in the case of such substances as phenol witlh small dissociation constants, that the -anti-
Plea for Both the Tuberculous and the General Public.
Authors: Arch. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Fort Huachuca, N. M., July 15, 1899. <h3>To the Editor</h3> —At last, after years of neglect, the great army of sufferers from the deadly "white plague," have had something in the way of legislation done in their behalf. All praise to the New York Legislature for taking the initial step in appropriating the money for the erection of a sanatorium in the Adirondack Mountains, for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Equally as praiseworthy was the act of the Government in turning over to the marine-hospital service, Fort Stanton, N. M., for a similar purpose. The work of turning it into a modern sanatorium is now being done, and when completed it will be used for the treatment of tuberculous sailors and marines. And if reports are true, Surgeon-General Sternberg has recently selected Fort Bayard, N. M., as a site for a similar institution where the tuberculous soldiers will be treated.
Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are associated with increased FE<sub>NO</sub> levels, but only in never‐smokers
Authors: A. Malinovschi, C. Janson, M. Högman, G. Rolla, K. Torén, D. Norbäck, A.‐C. Olin
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Allergic asthma is consistently associated with increased FE(NO) levels whereas divergence exists regarding the use of exhaled nitric oxide (NO) as marker of inflammation in nonallergic asthma and in asthmatic smokers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of having allergic or nonallergic asthma on exhaled nitric oxide levels, with special regard to smoking history.Exhaled NO measurements were performed in 695 subjects from Turin (Italy), Gothenburg and Uppsala (both Sweden). Current asthma was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma with at least one asthma symptom or attack recorded during the last year. Allergic status was defined by using measurements of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Smoking history was questionnaire-assessed.Allergic asthma was associated with 91 (60, 128) % [mean (95% CI)] increase of FE(NO) while no significant association was found for nonallergic asthma [6 (-17, 35) %] in univariate analysis, when compared to nonatopic healthy subjects. In a multivariate analysis for never-smokers, subjects with allergic asthma had 77 (27, 145) % higher FE(NO) levels than atopic healthy subjects while subjects with nonallergic asthma had 97 (46, 166) % higher FE(NO) levels than nonatopic healthy subjects. No significant asthma-related FE(NO) increases were noted for ex- and current smokers in multivariate analysis.Both allergic and nonallergic asthma are related to increased FE(NO) levels, but only in never-smoking subjects. The limited value of FE(NO) to detect subjects with asthma among ex- and current smokers suggests the predominance of a noneosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthma among ever-smokers.
Expression of multidrug resistance genes in rat liver during regeneration and after carbon tetrachloride intoxication
Authors: Harushige Nakatsukasa, Jeffrey A. Silverman, Timothy W. Gant, Ritva P. Evarts, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We analyzed expression of multidrug resistance (mdr) genes in rat liver during regeneration after partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis. In situ hybridization revealed that in the normal liver the cellular distribution of mdr transcripts and protein is restricted to hepatocytes and that a gradient, highest in zone 1 and lowest in zone 3, exists in the level of the mdr transcripts in the liver acinus. Increased levels of mdr1a and mdr1b transcripts were observed 3 hr after administration of carbon tetrachloride and remained increased for the next 5 days. In contrast, increased expression of mdr1a and mdr1b was first observed 24 hr after partial hepatectomy. Use of gene-specific probes to compare the time courses of mdr1b and mdr2 expression after carbon tetrachloride administration showed distinctly different patterns of expression; mdr1b reached a maximum level of expression at 12 hr, whereas increased mdr2 expression was first observed 48 hr after administration. Nuclear run-on analysis at 12 and 24 hr after carbon tetrachloride administration demonstrated 10-fold and eightfold increases in mdr transcription, respectively. However, 72 hr after carbon tetrachloride treatment the rate of mdr transcription was back to the control level. The cellular patterns of mdr expression after partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration were similar; the increase was first observed in zone 1 and gradually extended into zone 3. These data strongly suggest that the physiological roles of mdr1b and mdr2 are different and that liver regeneration is an appropriate model for elucidating these differences.
Advising Patients Who Seek Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Cancer
Authors: Wendy A. Weiger, Michael Smith, Heather Boon, Mary Ann Richardson, Ted J. Kaptchuk, David M Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Many patients with cancer use complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies. Physicians need authoritative information on CAM therapies to responsibly advise patients who seek these interventions. This article summarizes current evidence on the efficacy and safety of selected CAM therapies that are commonly used by patients with cancer. The following major categories of interventions are covered: dietary modification and supplementation, herbal products and other biological agents, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and psychological and mind–body therapies. Two categories of evidence on efficacy are considered: possible effects on disease progression and survival and possible palliative effects. In evaluating evidence on safety, two types of risk are considered: the risk for direct adverse effects and the risk for interactions with conventional treatments. For each therapy, the current balance of evidence on efficacy and safety points to whether the therapy may be reasonably recommended, accepted (for example, dietary fat reduction in well-nourished patients with breast or prostate cancer), or discouraged (for example, high-dose vitamin A supplementation). This strategy allows the development of an approach for providing responsible, evidence-based, patient-centered advice to persons with cancer who seek CAM therapies.
Interferon-λ<sub>1</sub> and Viral Wheeze in Asthma: A Gothic Duality?
Authors: James E. Gern
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

hyponatremia (16).Finally, evidence suggests that bolus infusions of more than 300 mOsm of sodium given over 20 minutes are clinically well tolerated (17), even though the resulting increase in serum sodium significantly exceeds the often-quoted "safe" rate of 0.5 mEq/L/hour.In the absence of preexisting hyponatremia and predisposing comorbidities, there is little evidence to suggest that rapid elevation of serum sodium with HTS during initiation of acute hyperosmolar therapy presents a significant CPM risk for most patients.This discussion is not intended to be a comprehensive review of hyperosmolar therapy, and interested readers should consult such a publication (18) for additional information and for further references.Additionally, the goal is not to encourage the injudicious use of hyperosmolar therapy, as the modality is not without risk and because the aforementioned side effects, although highly improbable, are not theoretically impossible.Accordingly, consultation with an experienced intensivist, neurologist, or neurosurgeon remains invaluable in the management of patients with elevated ICP, particularly since this represents a rapidly evolving field in which ongoing appraisal of the literature is necessary.Notwithstanding, the preponderance of clinical evidence dispels several antiquated myths associated with hyperosmolar therapy that have persisted for generations within the collective consciousness of the medical community.Changes in individual practice and institutional policies grounded in concerns for patient safety but predicated upon these unsubstantiated myths are long overdue, as appropriate delivery of hyperosmolar therapy reduces morbidity and improves survival among patients with intracranial hypertension.
RAPID RESPONSE FROM BMJ.COM
Authors: Samuel Coenen, Dominique L Monnet, Matus Ferech, Herman Goossens
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<i>Following is an edited excerpt from Rapid Responses generated by this article, all of which can be read in their entirety at http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/331/7520/815#120258.—Editor</i>
Evidence of Functional Myocardial Ischemia Associated With Myocardial Dysfunction in Brain-Dead Pigs
Authors: Carole Seguin, Yvan Devaux, Sandrine Grosjean, El Medhy Siaghy, Pierre Mairose, Faiez Zannad, Nicole de Talancé, Dan Ungureanu-Longrois, Paul Michel Mertes
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Cardiac dysfunction after brain death has been documented, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Myocardial ischemia has been suggested as a possible cause. The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of an imbalance between myocardial oxygen delivery and demand as a possible cause of myocardial dysfunction in brain-dead pigs.Interstitial myocardial lactate and adenosine concentrations were assessed with cardiac microdialysis in 2 groups of animals: brain-dead pigs (n=7) and brain-dead pigs treated with labetalol (10+/-3 mg/kg) (n=7). Heart rate (HR), left ventricular (LV) dP/dt(max), rate-pressure product (RPP), cardiac output (CO), and left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow (QLAD) were continuously monitored. Brain-dead pigs exhibited a transient significant increase in HR, LV dP/dt(max), RPP, and CO and a limited increase in QLAD. This resulted in functional myocardial ischemia attested to by the significantly increased adenosine and lactate microdialysate concentrations. In brain-dead pigs treated with labetalol, there was a moderate increase in HR, QLAD, and adenosine microdialysate concentrations; LV dP/dt(max), RPP, CO, and myocardial lactate concentrations remained stable, confirming the preservation of aerobic metabolism.Brain death was associated with an increase in myocardial interstitial adenosine and lactate concentrations, as well as with myocardial dysfunction; all were attenuated by labetalol, suggesting an imbalance between oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery as a possible cause of myocardial dysfunction after brain death.
Abstract 74: Mitochondrial MKP1-mediated radioresistance in breast cancer stem cells.
Authors: Demet Candas, Frank Chuang, Ming Fan, Rulong Shen, Colleen Sweeney, Alexander Borowsky, Andrew Vaughan, Jian Jian Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The overall cure rate of primary tumors has been significantly improved in the last three decades; however, metastatic and recurrent tumors with aggressive growth and therapy-resistance remain as the major factors shortening breast cancer patients’ survival. MKP1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase, was shown to be linked with chemoresistance in breast cancer cells and was overexpressed in radioresistant breast cancer cells that survived long-term fractionated irradiation. Herein, we showed that MKP1 is present in the mitochondria and mitochondrial MKP1 levels are significantly enhanced in irradiated cells, suggesting that increased MKP1 translocation into the mitochondria may function to attenuate pro-apoptotic signals that were initiated from mitochondria-localized MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We found that increased mitochondrial MKP1 levels correlated with the reduced level of phosphorylated active JNK in irradiated cells. Such mitochondrial MKP1-mediated dephosphorylation of JNK was predominantly enhanced in the radioresistant breast cancer cells that can be sensitized by siRNA-mediated inhibition of MKP1. Our results also demonstrated the involvement of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) as the upstream signal for MKP1 mitochondrial translocation. The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in all human tumors and their involvement in tumor radioresistance encouraged the studies investigating whether MKP1-mediated survival mechanism is present in radioresistant breast cancer cells. Here we showed that MKP1 is overexpressed in irradiated HER2-positive breast CSCs. These data provide critical insights on the aggressive phenotype of breast tumors and define novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets to re-sensitize resistant breast cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Demet Candas, Frank Chuang, Ming Fan, Rulong Shen, Colleen Sweeney, Alexander Borowsky, Andrew Vaughan, Jian Jian Li. Mitochondrial MKP1-mediated radioresistance in breast cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 74. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-74
High incidence of coronary artery calcification among patients with a first acute myocardial infarction: results of a multicenter trial using electron beam tomography
Authors: J.J. Mahmarian, T.D. Hedrick, Z.-X. He, D. Edmundowicz, C.F. Lundergan, M.S. Verani, C.J. Wolfkiel, R. Roberts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
490. Lentiviral-Mediated Gene Transfer to Cells of the Vasculature
Authors: Ciara A. O'Shea, Robert J. Nelson, Padraig Strappe, Timothy O'Brien
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) constitute the principal cellular components in both arteries and veins and play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Denudation of the endothelial layer and intimal hyperplasia development caused by the proliferation of phenotypically modified SMCs are typical clinical manifestations of such diseases. Self-inactivating third generation lentiviral vectors have previously been demonstrated as having excellant potential as tools for effective gene delivery.