tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysfunction and functional restoration of HCV-specific CD8 responses in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Amalia Penna, Massimo Pilli, Alessandro Zerbini, Alessandra Orlandini, Sergio Mezzadri, Luca Sacchelli, Gabriele Missale, Carlo Ferrari
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract The functional impairment of HCV-specific T cell responses is believed to be an important determinant of HCV persistence, but the functional T cell defects of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) are only partially defined. CD8 responses to HLA-A2–restricted epitopes of HCV and other unrelated viruses were studied in 23 HLA-A2–positive patients both ex vivo and after in vitro culture. Degranulation capacity, intracellular perforin, and granzyme-A content and cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-α) by HCV- and non–HCV-specific CD8 cells were tested both ex vivo and in vitro , whereas cytolytic activity was studied after 10 days' expansion in vitro . Memory maturation and role of exhaustion were assessed ex vivo by HCV-specific CD8 staining for CD127 and PD-1, and in vitro after peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) culture in the presence of anti–PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. IFN-γ production and cytolytic activity were expressed less efficiently by HCV-specific than by non–HCV specific CD8 cells derived from the same CH-C patients. The amount of stored granzyme-A within single cells was always lower in HCV-specific CD8 cells, which were less efficient also in the release of lytic granules and in the production of TNF-α. The CD8 dysfunction was associated with high PD-1 expression by most HCV-specific CD8 cells, and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by anti–PD-L1 antibodies in vitro was able to improve the HCV-specific CD8 function. Conclusion: Our study characterizes CD8 defects that may be important in maintaining HCV persistence; identification of strategies to correct these defects may help to define novel approaches to treat HCV infection. (Hepatology 2007;45:588–601.)
Intrinsic Motivation and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Leilani Greening, Laura Stoppelbein, George Moll, Nicole Palardy, Matthew Hocking
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Treatment for type 1 diabetes is often difficult for adolescents because of the multiple daily tasks required for successful management. Hence, adolescents who are more intrinsically motivated to manage their health might be more persistent with their diabetes care and consequently be in better glycemic control. We therefore examined the proportion of variance that intrinsic motivation contributed to HbA1c in 43 adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes relative to other disease-related and psychosocial factors that have been linked to glycemic control in cross-sectional research.

After receiving approval from the institutional review board, we recruited adolescents with a mean age of 14.14 ± 1.73 years from a university-affiliated diabetes clinic to participate in the study. All of …
Excessive Heat and Respiratory Hospitalizations in New York State: Estimating Current and Future Public Health Burden Related to Climate Change
Authors: Shao Lin, Wan-Hsiang Hsu, Alissa R. Van Zutphen, Shubhayu Saha, George Luber, Syni-An Hwang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Although many climate-sensitive environmental exposures are related to mortality and morbidity, there is a paucity of estimates of the public health burden attributable to climate change.
UK considers moving to system of presumed consent to transplantation
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government is considering moving to a system where people will be presumed to have consented to the use of their organs for transplantation unless they have opted out.

The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the organ donation task force to look at the ramifications of moving from the present “opt-in” system, in which organs can be used only if people have given their prior consent, to the sort of opt-out regime currently operating in some other countries, including Sweden and Austria.

The task force, set up in 2006 to look at …
Body mass index and mortality in the elderly.
Authors: K Mattila, M Haavisto, S Rajala
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica in rheumatoid arthritis Polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis may be difficult to differentiate in elderly patients.Polymyalgic symptoms are common in the prodromal phase of rheumatoid arthritis and, as specific diagnostic tests do not exist for either condition, criteria for diagnosis of the diseases are based largely on clinical features.I 2 The presence ofsynovitis similar to rheumatoid arthritis in some patients with polymyalgia rheumatica causes further problems.3It is generally thought, however, that polymyalgia rheumatica does not occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; indeed, a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis has been used as a criterion for excluding polymyalgia rheumatica.34We report the occurrence of polymyalgia rheumatica in patients who already had rheumatoid arthritis. Case reportsFive patients with previously established classical rheumatoid arthritis devel- oped typical polymyalgia rheumatica; they rapidly became incapacitated by the symptoms of polymyalgia when their rheumatoid arthritis was well controlled or quiescent.Their shoulders had not been affected previously.The onset of polymyalgia was sudden (less than two weeks in three patients), and rheumatoid arthritis in the joints previously affected did not worsen.No patient showed evidence of a recent bacterial or viral infection or responded when their non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were changed, but all patients responded to prednisolone.The table summarises the clinical features of the five patients and indicates the presence of the criteria for diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica as evaluated by Bird et al'; the presence of three out of seven criteria strongly suggests polymyalgia rheumatica.None of our patients was able to turn over in bed, and all had a considerably higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate than had 1 Bird HA, Esselinckx W, Dixon AStJ, et al.An evaluation of criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica.
Different religions, different emotions
Authors: Adam B. Cohen, Dacher Keltner, Paul Rozin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Atran &amp; Norenzayan (A&amp;N) correctly claim that religion reduces emotions related to existential concerns. Our response adds to their argument by focusing on religious differences in the importance of emotion, and on other emotions that may be involved in religion. We believe that the important differences among religions make it difficult to have one theory to account for all religions.
Screening for cervical cancer: a new scope for general practitioners? Results of the first year of colposcopy in general practice.
Authors: J Chomet
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A survey was carried out over one year of all the women who attended a colposcopy clinic in a general practice. During the year 1254 women underwent cytological screening in the practice and 197 of these underwent colposcopy. Of 79 women with abnormal smears that suggested cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 62 (79%) were confirmed by biopsy to have cervical premalignancy. In addition, the remaining 118 women with normal or inflammatory smears underwent colposcopy either because of their history or because they requested the investigation. A general underestimate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia when cytology alone was used was discovered. Seven out of 28 women with inflammatory smears were found to have important cervical premalignancy. Mildly dyskaryotic smears led to a falsely reassuring estimate of the degree of severity of cervical lesions. Seven out of 13 patients who underwent colposcopy because they were thought to be at high risk of neoplasia because of a history of genital warts, unexplained recurrent cystitis, heroin abuse, or immunosuppression had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia proved at biopsy. This report shows that both in screening for and in the follow up of known cervical disease a normal smear cannot guarantee normal pathology. Diagnostic colposcopy is a valuable complementary investigation that could be carried out in a general practice.
NEW ANÆSTHETIC MIXTURE DEVISED BY WM. A. BYRD, M.D., OF QUINCY, ILL.-ITS COMPOSITION AND EFFECTS.
Authors: CHARLES WESLEY ROOK
Journal: JAMA (1883)

This is a compound anæsthetic, recently prepared by Dr. Wm. A. Byrd, Quincy, Ill., and so far as I know, he is the only surgeon who is, at present, using it. It is composed, by measure, of bromide of ethyl, one part; chloroform, three parts; alcohol, four parts. These substances, mixed, form a clear solution, of a pleasant odor, and of a warm, sweetish taste. HISTORY OF THIS ANÆSTHETIC. Dr. Byrd, not being satisfied with the anæsthetics in general use, having seen two deaths from chloroform, form, one occurring in his own practice, and disliking the stimulating or exciting properties of ether, began experimenting to see if he could not discover or prepare pare an agent which would better suit him for anæsthetic purposes. Knowing the physiological actions of chloroform, that the greatest danger from its use lay in the extreme anæmia of the brain and nervous system; that in
Is kinematic geometry an internalized regularity?
Authors: Dejan Todorovič
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

A general framework for the explanation of perceptual phenomena as internalizations of external regularities was developed by R. N. Shepard. A particular example of this framework is his account of perceived curvilinear apparent motions. This paper contains a brief summary of the relevant psychophysical data, some basic kinematical considerations and examples, and several criticisms of Shepard's account. The criticisms concern the feasibility of internalization of critical motion types, the roles of simplicity and uniqueness, the contrast between classical physics and kinematic geometry, the import of perceived path curvilinearity, and the relation of perceptual and scientific knowledge.
SODIUM CONTENT OF ANTACIDS
Authors: David G. Rimer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Two patients became edematous and their conditions deteriorated markedly after they began to take an antacid for gastrointestinal symptoms. One, a 58-year-old woman, had a history of hepatic cirrhosis; in six days of antacid medication she accumulated 3.7 liters of edema fluid. The other was a 57-year-old man who had had repeated episodes of congestive heart failure; in seven days he accumulated over 5 liters of fluid. Both patients' conditions improved when they stopped taking the antacid. Chemical analyses showed that antacid therapy had increased the sodium intake by about 0.5 Gm. per day. Other antacids in common use were analyzed and were found, in general, to contain amounts of sodium that would be seriously detrimental to patients on the verge of edema.
HUMAN INFECTION WITH BRUCELLA MELITENSIS, VARIETY ABORTUS, TREATED WITH MERCUROCHROME
Authors: E. E. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The bacteriology of the organisms causing Malta fever and infectious abortion of cattle has been extensively studied, especially by Evans,<sup>1</sup>who has classified them into three main groups. Using forty strains, she showed that the majority of human, bovine, porcine, equine and caprine strains of organisms of the genus<i>Brucella</i>could be separated into three main groups. The majority of bovine and porcine strains fall into a group designated as<i>Brucella melitensis,</i>variety<i>abortus</i>. This includes the organism of infectious abortion of cattle, which was known as<i>B. abortus</i>(Bang). A second large group includes strains from human, caprine, bovine and equine origins and is designated as variety<i>melitensis</i>A. A third group, characterized by the occurrence of coccoid forms, is probably the variety that Bruce was working with when he discovered his<i>Micrococcus melitensis</i>. It is designated variety<i>melitensis</i>B. Simple agglutination tests do not differentiate these varieties, and it is necessary to do absorption of the agglutinins to differentiate the organism known as<i>B. abortus</i>(Bang) from that causing true Malta fever.
Treasury keeps alcohol meetings secret
Authors: J. Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A long delayed response to a Freedom of Information request submitted on 28 October 2013 has finally arrived from the Treasury. Unfortunately, it sheds light on little other than the government’s determination to keep secret discussions it had with industry lobbyists at the height of the alcohol industry’s campaign to sabotage the policy of minimum unit pricing.

I asked the Treasury for more information about seven meetings in January and February last year between Sajid Javid, the economic secretary to the Treasury, and representatives of the alcohol industry. Because the meetings had taken place either during or …
Oseltamivir carboxylate accumulation in a patient treated by haemodiafiltration and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Florian Lemaitre, Charles-Edouard Luyt, François Roullet-Renoleau, Ania Nieszkowska, Noël Zahr, Christine Fernandez, Robert Farinotti, Alain Combes
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
The evolved architecture of hazard management: Risk detection reasoning and the motivational computation of threat magnitudes
Authors: John Tooby, Leda Cosmides
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The architecture of the hazard management system underlying precautionary behavior makes functional sense, given the adaptive computational problems it evolved to solve. Many seeming infelicities in its outputs, such as behavior with “apparent lack of rational motivation” or disproportionality, are susceptibilities that derive from the sheer computational difficulty posed by the problem of cost-effectively deploying countermeasures to rare, harmful threats.
Chest Roentgenograms and Scoliosis-Reply
Authors: Charles R. Bonebrake
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> While scoliosis is a noteworthy health problem, the incidence of scoliosis was not addressed for several reasons. Errors may result in basing a study of bone on roentgenograms that are made for a study of soft tissue. Also, normal spines may be interpreted as being scoliotic when the roentgenogram is taken in a slightly oblique position. Shands and Eisberg, from Dr Bunnell's references, referred to two fellow students of scoliosis who chose not to complete their studies for similar reasons. Strayer's unpublished study used standing, anteroposterior views of the spine in those patients appearing to have scoliosis on chest roentgenograms. Because of the lack of dependability and completeness of chest roentgenograms in assessing scoliosis, we chose not to include in our study an incidence of scoliosis based on chest roentgenograms.
Atlantoaxial Osteoarthritis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: FDG PET/CT Findings
Authors: Tomohiro Kaneta, Takashi Hakamatsuka, Takayuki Yamada, Kei Takase, Akihiro Sato, Shuichi Higano, Hiroshi Ito, Hiroshi Fukuda, Shoki Takahashi, Shogo Yamada
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The cervical spine is a common focus of destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and the resultant instability and neural compression represent severe complications in these patients. Evaluation of disease activity at the level of the atlantoaxial joint is important in such cases. Here, we report a 47-year-old man with a 3-year history of rheumatoid arthritis. FDG PET/CT clearly demonstrated a hot spot in the atlantoaxial area, suggesting high metabolic activity of synovitis.
James Reginald Searle Barton
Authors: A. Barton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

James Reginald Searle Barton (“Jim”) eventually followed in his own father’s profession by specialising in eyes, but before that he enjoyed a rich and varied training path during which he encountered most aspects of medicine

The second world war forced him to readjust his career plan, and immediately after finishing at Uppingham School in 1942/3 he joined the Royal Engineers. After a period of officer training in Chatham and a six month course in engineering at Birmingham University, he sailed on a troop ship to India and for the next three years served …
Casualties of Gulf war were higher than most reports suggest
Authors: C S Nice
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Superficial analysis ignores evidence on efficacy of treatmentEditor-The conclusions of John Wright and colleagues have the potential to jeopardise public health as well as patients' care; their systematic review lacks the necessary depth and understanding of the issues. 1he authors note that sleep apnoea is currently viewed as a public health concern because it is prevalent and thought to be associated with morbidity and mortality.The collective evidence from the studies included in the review supports this view; the authors' conclusions that evidence for the health effects of sleep apnoea is "weak or contradictory" and that "the relevance of sleep apnoea to public health has been exaggerated" are disturbing.The authors seem to have misinterpreted the findings of some studies.In their assessment of nine studies of hypertension judged to be methodologically adequate, the authors dismiss seven studies that show an independent association between sleep apnoea and hypertension.
Mitochondrial Chaperone Trap1 and the Calcium Binding Protein Sorcin Interact and Protect Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Antiblastic Agents
Authors: Matteo Landriscina, Gabriella Laudiero, Francesca Maddalena, Maria Rosaria Amoroso, Annamaria Piscazzi, Flora Cozzolino, Maria Monti, Corrado Garbi, Alberto Fersini, Piero Pucci, Franca Esposito
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

TRAP1, a mitochondrial chaperone (Hsp75) with antioxidant and antiapoptotic functions, is involved in multidrug resistance in human colorectal carcinoma cells. Through a proteomic analysis of TRAP1 coimmunoprecipitation complexes, the Ca(2+)-binding protein Sorcin was identified as a new TRAP1 interactor. This result prompted us to investigate the presence and role of Sorcin in mitochondria from human colon carcinoma cells. Using fluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis of purified mitochondria and submitochondrial fractions, we showed the mitochondrial localization of an isoform of Sorcin with an electrophoretic motility lower than 20 kDa that specifically interacts with TRAP1. Furthermore, the effects of overexpressing or downregulating Sorcin and/or TRAP1 allowed us to demonstrate a reciprocal regulation between these two proteins and to show that their interaction is required for Sorcin mitochondrial localization and TRAP1 stability. Indeed, the depletion of TRAP1 by short hairpin RNA in colorectal carcinoma cells lowered Sorcin levels in mitochondria, whereas the depletion of Sorcin by small interfering RNA increased TRAP1 degradation. We also report several lines of evidence suggesting that intramitochondrial Sorcin plays a role in TRAP1 cytoprotection. Finally, preliminary evidence that TRAP1 and Sorcin are both implicated in multidrug resistance and are coupregulated in human colorectal carcinomas is provided. These novel findings highlight a new role for Sorcin, suggesting that some of its previously reported cytoprotective functions may be explained by involvement in mitochondrial metabolism through the TRAP1 pathway.
Abstract 2752: Flat Panel CT versus 64 Detector Row CT for Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Ibrahim Aboshady, Dianna D Cody, Deborah Vela, Amany Ahmed, Joddie L Conyers, S. David Gertz, L. Maximilian Buja, S. Ward Casscells, Gregory Gladish
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Changing behaviour through state intervention
Authors: T. M Marteau, A. Oliver, R. E Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Changing behaviour through state intervention Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
LUNG FIRST-PASS EXTRACTION OF N-ISOPROPYL-I123 P AMPHETAMINE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: I. Mena, C. Thompson, G. Mason, E. C. Glass, L. R. Bennett
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

It has been reported by Rahimian, et al. and Glass, et. al. that I-123 amphetamine (IMP) is extracted more than 90% by single pass by lung in normal man and animals. We report on 11 patients with varying degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alveolar proteinosis. The method used was a noninvasive modification of the Chinard-Crone technique. In the supine patient intravenous bolus injection of 2 mCi of Tc-sulfur colloid (ref. R) was followed 5 minutes later by 2 mCi of IMP(T), and imaged with a gamma camera/minicomputer. 5 frames/sec, were acquired during 40 sec. followed by 1 frame/sec, during 8 minutes. Extraction E was calculated from: E(t) = (HT(t)-HR(t)/(1-HR(t)) Right ventricle, upper and lower lobes of both lungs activity gamma fitted curves were deconvolved and the lung transfer functions calculated, HR (t) and HT (t) of the reference and the test tracer respectively. The mean transit time of the upper lobes was 7.58 sec. ±0.74 and the lower lobes was 7.97±0.47, (N.S.). The extraction of I-123 IMP in patients with COPD was 0.76±0.2 (range 0.45 to 0.9). In normals it was 0.9, 0.93, 0.94. There was no correlation between the pulmonary transit time and extraction of amphetamine. The exact mechanism of uptake is not fully elucidated. There are arguments that favor however adrenergic receptor uptake over surfactant passive uptake of this lipophilic molecule. In the COPD patients the extraction of I-123 amphetamine appears to be significantly reduced.
Book Review When Medicine Went Mad: Bioethics and the Holocaust Edited by Arthur L. Caplan. 359 pp. Totowa, N.J., Humana Press, 1992. $22.50. 0-89603-235-3 Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses By a working party of the British Medical Association. 234 pp. London, Zed Books, 1992. $55 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). 1-85649-104-8
Authors: Marc S. Micozzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)