tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diseases of Bone and Joints
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The editor has improved the second edition of this book in several respects, compared to the first edition. He succeeds reasonably well in producing a "concise, yet informative... survey for basic orientation" in traditional musculoskeletal pathology. Removal of certain worn out terms and phrases improves the quality of the writing enormously. Dr. Lichtenstein's extensive experience and obvious interest in regionalized and generalized disorders (fibrous dysplasia, histiocytosis, enchondromatosis, etc) reveal themselves in the well-written sections on these maladies. The many excellent photomicrographs, photographs of gross specimens, and roentgenograms add much. Although most illustrations will lack labels, even the uninitiated should understand the lucid and extensive captions. A chapter on some common and unusual conditions describes certain disorders so briefly as to have only limited value for the reader. Revised sections on renal disease, osteoporosis, and Paget disease correlate the pathology with some modern concepts of altered physiology and biochemistry.
OBSTRUCTION OF A CORONARY ARTERY DUE TO THE PRESSURE FROM A CALCIFIED NODULE IN THE MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Frederick W. Niehaus
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Coronary occlusion due to disease of the coronary arteries has been extensively studied and described. Calcified nodules<sup>1</sup>in the myocardium have also been investigated, even by the less recent pathologists. Mönckeberg<sup>2</sup>mentions disturbances of conduction due to such nodules by pressure on or by involvement of a branch of the conduction system. Hochrein<sup>3</sup>points out that calcified stenotic mitral valves, by distorting the sinuses of Valsalva, may more or less interfere with the coronary circulation. A fairly extensive search of the literature fails to reveal a record of an obstruction of a healthy coronary artery due to pressure from a source outside the vascular wall. This seemed justification for recording the following case: H. T. M., a man, aged 42, admitted to the Lutheran Hospital, May 12, 1933, in the service of Dr. H. A. Wigton, was having delusions of persecution and was restrained with considerable difficulty. His temperature
Liver biopsy: blind or guided?
Authors: G. Vautier, B. Scott, D. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Despite advances in imaging techniques and serological investigations percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver is still important in accurately diagnosing hepatic disease. The basic technique, described by Sherlock, has changed little over the past 50 years.1 It is simple, cheap, and relatively safe and can be carried out at the bedside. In the past few years, however, ultrasonography has been increasingly used to guide the biopsy needle. A recent large survey of consultant gastroenterologists showed that 1 in 8 always used ultrasonography guidance for biopsies.2 Some consultants now believe that ultrasonographically guided biopsies are so much safer that blind biopsy can no longer be defended. Before this policy is adopted uncritically, however, it is important to examine the current evidence concerning safety, diagnostic yield, and cost.

Percutaneous liver biopsy has a mortality of 0.01%-0.1%.3 4 Death is usually due to bleeding or to biliary peritonitis as a result of puncture from the gall bladder. The incidence …
PAI-1, fibrosis, and the elusive provisional fibrin matrix
Authors: David J. Loskutoff, James P. Quigley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Whether induced surgically or by hypertension, infections, extreme heat, or caustic chemicals, tissue injury invariably leads to vasodilatation, with subsequent leakage of plasma proteins into the connective tissues, rapid activation of the coagulation cascade, and deposition of fibrin. A central paradigm in the field is that the fibrin is organized into a “provisional fibrin matrix,” which acts as a road map to direct the migration of invading cells. Leukocytes and possibly fibroblasts migrate into the area and elaborate cytokines which, in turn, stimulate resident cells to synthesize and deposit collagens and other insoluble fibrillar components into the evolving extracellular matrix (ECM).

Fibrotic disease occurs when normal control of this process is compromised and excess fibrous material accumulates in the tissues. It is generally assumed that the persistence of fibrin in the matrix promotes fibrosis, and that the extent of fibrosis is limited by proteinases that remove the fibrin (i.e., the fibrinolytic system). In a recent issue of the JCI, Hattori et al. (1) affirm previous suggestions that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes pathological fibrosis but challenges the concept that fibrin is required.
WHITHER ARE WE DRIFTING? INDICATIONS OF A DEGENERATE MATERIA MEDICA.
Authors: H. A. ARNOLD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Medieval and ancient history tell us that in those periods of the world's history the practitioner of medicine covered up a vast amount of ignorance under the veil of secrecy and mysticism, in order that he might awe the superstitious and satisfy the incredulous. In those ages the alchemist sought the hidden things of nature, either from love of science or a desire to enrich himself by discovering a means of producing the precious metal. Those ages were followed by one of enlightenment, when rational medicine supplanted mysticism and the nobility of scientific attainment was wedded to philanthropic purposes. Physician, surgeon and chemist worked hand in hand, and surgery, materia medica and pharmacopœia teemed with the products of advanced thought, freely and voluntarily disseminated with no motive save the good of mankind in general, and the advancement of medical science in particular. In these days practitioners of medicine were for
Pernicious Anemia Masked by a Multivitamin Preparation
Authors: Edward D. Frohlich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN patients suffering from unrecognized pernicious anemia, the correct diagnosis may be obscured by use of a multivitamin preparation. Conley and Krevans1 first emphasized this danger in 1951. They presented 14 new cases of pernicious anemia with "crippling neurologic disease in the absence of an appreciable degree of anemia."2 To re-emphasize the serious danger of folic acid in multivitamins, the following case is reported.Case ReportA 57-year-old Negro was admitted to the hospital with the tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Over a 4-year period he had noted progressive hoarseness, poor memory, paresthesias, ankle edema, palpitation, dyspnea, weakness and impotence. . . .
Directed to defend its raison d'etre, NIH holds communications conference
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1995)

"THE CROWN JEWEL of the federal government" wants a little lapidary attention. Physician-author Lewis Thomas' sparkling reference to the National Institutes of Health notwithstanding, the NIH held a 2-day conference seeking ways to polish its public image. The meeting, entitled "NIH: Communicating Science and Health in the New Millennium," brought together some 200 research-oriented participants and media-savvy panelists to discuss how to make all Americans more aware of what their tax dollars accomplish. The event inaugurated the Natcher Conference Center, a brand-new administration and auditorium—containing addition to the Bethesda, Md, campus on which most of the 17 institutes, offices, and other NIH components, such as the National Library of Medicine and National Center for Human Genome Research, pursue their aims. The unprecedented gathering was held in response to concern expressed last year by the House Appropriations Committee that important research advances were not being made known to the public. NIH
Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Vertigo
Authors: Daniel S. Prince
Journal: JAMA (1975)

SEVERE vertigo occurred in a patient receiving hydroxychloroquine sulfate in usual dosage. The reaction was confirmed by rechallenge therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 54-year-old woman was seen at the University of Alabama in Birmingham Hospitals for chronic, destructive seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. She was treated with prednisone, 10 mg, and 16 aspirin (300-mg tablets) daily. Because of a skin rash, administration of gold sodium thiomalate was discontinued, and therapy with hydroxychloroquine sulfate was begun at a dose of 400 mg daily by mouth. After three days of therapy, she experienced a severe, generalized headache without visual or auditory aura. During the next three days, blurred vision, unsteady gait, severe nausea, and severe positional vertigo were noted. Nausea and vertigo were worsened by the slightest head motion and were somewhat relieved by lying still with eyes closed. The results of a physical examination when the patient was hospitalized disclosed nystagmoid eye
A Comparison of Recombinant Hirudin with a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin to Prevent Thromboembolic Complications after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Bengt I. Eriksson, Peer Wille-Jørgensen, Peter Kälebo, Patrick Mouret, Nadia Rosencher, Peter Bösch, Markus Baur, Steffan Ekman, Doris Bach, Siv Lindbratt, Philippe Close
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Patients who undergo total hip replacement have a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Recombinant hirudin (desirudin), a specific inhibitor of thrombin, represents a new development in antithrombotic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of desirudin with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing primary total hip replacement.
Healthcare group agrees $500m settlement for unnecessary surgery
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The second largest health provider in the United States, Tenet Healthcare, has agreed to pay nearly $500m (£270m; €390m) to settle claims that doctors did unnecessary surgery at the Redding Hospital, in Redding, California.

The hospital was raided by 40 agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 2002 after it received reports that doctors were performing numerous unnecessary cardiac operations ( BMJ 2002;325: 1130).

The settlement was signed on 14 …
Points: Recommended dose of Osmosin
Authors: M J VandenBurg, W J C Currie
Journal: BMJ (1983)

write: Dr Lightman (6 August, p 422) has missed the point.We were not reviewing the variety of lesions that might provoke hot flushes.The object of our case presentation (23 July, p 262) was the objective demonstration that climacteric flushing in a man was associated with circulatory responses virtually identical to those we had shown during the meno- pausal hot flush.'Every blush is not a flush, however, and until the phenomena reported in different circumstances in either sex are recorded by tech- niques capable of following the rapid circulatory changes that occur during the hot flush our under- standing of the mechanisms responsible for the menopausal hot flush will remain obscure.
Complication of a Hickman Catheter
Authors: William B. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

INDWELLING central venous silicone rubber catheters (Broviac and Hickman) have gained widespread acceptance in patients requiring parenteral nutritional support or repeated venous access for cancer chemotherapy. Complications following catheter placement have been rare and include bacteremia, fungemia, local infection, hematoma formation, and catheter malfunction including migration, breakage, and occlusion.<sup>1,2</sup>Virtually no reports of significant complications following catheter removal have been published. The following case report describes the spontaneous cutaneous erosion of a retained Dacron cuff nine months after Hickman catheter removal. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old man was found to have an osteogenic sarcoma of the right humerus in February 1979. He was referred to a physician at Memorial Hospital in New York and received preoperative chemotherapy, limb-sparing surgical resection, and postoperative chemotherapy (T-10 protocol).<sup>3</sup>In April 1983 he developed a recurrence in the apex of his right lung, with thoracic outlet involvement. He returned to Memorial
Assisted ventilation in severe acute asthma.
Authors: B Higgins, A P Greening, G K Crompton
Journal: Thorax (1986)

During the period 1973-85 assisted ventilation was used for the treatment of severe asthma on 48 occasions in 18 patients (one patient was ventilated 29 times). On each occasion arterial blood gas abnormalities were restored to normal as quickly as possible irrespective of peak inflation pressures. One patient was thought to be brain dead on transfer from another hospital but was ventilated for 48 hours while this diagnosis was confirmed. There was one episode of mediastinal emphysema. There were no other complications apart from transient hypotension (blood pressure less than 100/60 mm Hg), which occurred on 17 occasions but did not have any sequelae. There was no relationship between hypotension and inflation pressure but there was an association between hypotension and rate of fall of arterial carbon dioxide tension. It is concluded that the risks of barotrauma during the ventilation of patients with severe asthma are theoretical or extremely small. Rapid correction of respiratory acidosis abolishes hypercapnic respiratory drive, allowing ventilation without use of muscle relaxants. It may also enable a shorter duration of ventilation, thus decreasing the likelihood of complications.
IL-5 in asthma
Authors: K F Chung
Journal: Thorax (2002)

IL-5 in asthmaWe have recently published two manuscripts on the effects of interleukin (IL)-5 administration to patients with mild asthma in the American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1 and in Thorax. 2 We are addressing this letter to the Editors of both journals.The data described in both papers have been obtained from one experiment performed in the same group of patients with mild asthma.While the paper in the American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine reports primarily on the phenotypic changes in circulating blood eosinophils and CD34+ cells, the Thorax paper describes the changes in the airways with measurements of bronchial responsiveness and of eosinophil counts in sputum, together with eotaxin levels in the serum.Both manuscripts, however, detail the changes in blood eosinophil counts and serum
Effective treatment of a murine model of adult T-cell leukemia using 211At-7G7/B6 and its combination with unmodified anti-Tac (daclizumab) directed toward CD25
Authors: Zhuo Zhang, Meili Zhang, Kayhan Garmestani, Vladimir S. Talanov, Paul S. Plascjak, Barbara Beck, Carolyn Goldman, Martin W. Brechbiel, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: Blood (2006)
The normal epithelial cell-specific 1 (NES1) gene, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q13.3–4, is downregulated by hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: J Roman-Gomez, A Jimenez-Velasco, X Agirre, J A Castillejo, M Barrios, E J Andreu, F Prosper, A Heiniger, A Torres
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Tc-99m-MDP Uptake in Widespread Subcutaneous Nodules of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: DOROTHY S. LIN, CHAO-MING LIN, W MELVIN FLOWERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

LIN, DOROTHY S. M.D.; LIN, CHAO-MING M.D.; FLOWERS, W MELVIN Jr. M.D. Author Information
Abstract LB-343: Ultraviolet radiation modulates distinct mouse epidermal miRNAs expression profile
Authors: Mohammad S. Jamal, Ajit K. Verma
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most common etiologic factor linked to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a non-melanoma form of skin cancer that can metastasize. To find clues about the mechanism of UVR-induced development of SCC in FVB/N mice, we found that chronic UVR exposures lead to aberrant expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs). In the present experiment, mice were exposed to four (Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Monday) UVR (2 kJ/m2) treatments, emitted by Kodacel-filtered FS-40 sun lamps (approximately 60% UVB and 40% UVA). At 3 hrs post last UVR exposure, mice were sacrificed. RNAs were prepared from the scraped epidermis of these mice. To screen for unknown miRNAs, we performed the 1040 miRNAs microarray analysis. UVR treatment resulted in modulation of 15 miRNAs: six miRNAs (miR-145, miR-1937a, miR-1937b, miR-341*, miR-451, miR-720) were up-regulated while nine miRNAs (let-7g, miR-125–5p, miR-195, miR-200b, miR-29a, miR-30c, miR-429, miR-92a) were down-regulated. The microarray results were further validated by qRT-PCR. These UVR-induced over-expressed (e.g; miR-451) and down-regulated (e.g; let-7g, miR-195) miRNAs have been observed to be oncogene and tumor suppressor, respectively in various types of cancers. To determine the downstream target genes (DTG) of these miRNAs, insilico analysis was performed. We employed the DIANA LAB DNA Intelligent and Target-Scan program to reveal the various pathways and genes regulated by these miRNAs. Finally we did the IPA to decipher the existing network between these target genes. Among all the miRNAs modulated by UVR treatment, only miR-429 and miR-195 shown to have significant network. MiR-429 network consist of few important hubs. Those were TARDBP, PCBP (Poly (rC) Binding Protein) and PUF60. TARDBP is reported to bind to chromosomally integrated TAR DNA and repress HIV transcription. PCBP1 and PCBP2 are multifunctional protein reported to be translational coactivator. PUF60 is known as a transcriptional repressor. The network obtained by miR-195 DTG revealed that various cytokines exist in the downstream network. Among them, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α are the most significant hub of the network. We also found ZFP36 as an important hub, which is known for recruiting the miRNA at the 3′UTR of mRNA. IPA analysis suggests that all of the above hub molecules play major roles in cell cycle and cancer initiation and progression. UVR-induced deregulated miRNAs (miR-145, miR-1937a, miR-1937b, miR-341*, miR-451, miR-720 – let-7g, miR-125–5p, miR-195, miR-200b, miR-29a, miR-30c, miR-429, miR-92a) may constitute important components of UVR carcinogenesis (Support: NIH grant CA35368). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-343
Site-specific melanocytic naevus counts as predictors of whole body naevi
Authors: J.S.C. ENGLISH, A.J. SWERDLOW, R.M. MACKIE, C.J. O'DOHERTY, J.A.A. HUNTER, J. CLARK, D.J. HOLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Counts of melanocytic naevi of 2 mm or greater diameter on all body sites were conducted in 197 Caucasian adults in Scotland. Mean naevus numbers were greater in young than in older adults, and in females than in males. Naevus counts on the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk were strongly and significantly correlated with each other and with whole body counts. Thus, where whole body counts are impractical, counting naevi at any of these individual sites should provide a satisfactory method for studying naevus distribution in large populations.
Sour-Ball Sign of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME is a recognized feature of dysproteinemic disorders,<sup>1</sup>often occurring in conjunction with rheumatoid arthritis (especially when nodules and rheumatoid factor in high titers are present), systemic lupus erythematosus, and progressive systemic sclerosis. The two cardinal features are dryness of the eyes (xerophthalmia) and of the mouth (xerostomia). Three case reports follow to draw attention to a simple common factor that may provide the first clue to the diagnosis. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 49-year-old woman gave a four-year history of psoriasis, joint pains and swelling, and prolonged morning stiffness. She had also had cholecystitis, frequent thrombophlebitis, recurrent subacute pancreatitis, and alopecia. Dry eyes and mouth had been a problem for more than one year; constant sucking of sour balls was necessary to relieve the latter. Except for persistent slight eosinophilia, all salient laboratory results were unremarkable, including, as expected, normal results of latex fixation tests for
CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDS
Authors: Sungsub Choi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 January 1994CD4 Counts as Surrogate Markers for Progression to AIDSSungsub Choi, PhD, Stephen Lagakos, PhD, and Robert Schooley, MDSungsub Choi, PhDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec; Canada H3A 1A2Harvard University; Boston, MA 02115University of Colorado; Denver, CO 80262Search for more papers by this author, Stephen Lagakos, PhDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec; Canada H3A 1A2Harvard University; Boston, MA 02115University of Colorado; Denver, CO 80262Search for more papers by this author, and Robert Schooley, MDMcGill University; Montreal, Quebec; Canada H3A 1A2Harvard University; Boston, MA 02115University of Colorado; Denver, CO 80262Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Nightingale suggests the logarithm of the CD4 count is a good predictor of 1-year survival. Similarly, we found that CD4 count—either baseline or current value—was highly prognostic for progression to AIDS. This issue, however, does not address the value of the CD4 count as a surrogate marker for disease progression. In the latter, the question is essentially whether a patient whose CD4 count is elevated by therapeutic intervention will have a corresponding reduction in risk equalling that of an untreated patient with a similar post-treatment CD4 count. Our data indicated that the actual reduction in risk exceeded ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McGill University; Montreal, Quebec; Canada H3A 1A2Harvard University; Boston, MA 02115University of Colorado; Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 87-88KeywordsAIDSBiomarkersCellsConfidence intervalsDrugsRelative riskResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Universal <i>RHD</i> genotyping in fetuses
Authors: Sailesh Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Amiodarone, a powerful antiarrhythmic agent recently made available in Britain, is known to cause corneal changes, but the clinical implications of this unwanted effect are still controversial. We have made serial observations on 105 patients treated with the drug for periods ranging from 3 months to over 7 years. Corneal abnormalities were detected by slit-lamp examination in 103 patients (98%). These always progressed over several months but subsequently showed a stable pattern which changed only with alteration of dose. The abnormalities regressed and disappeared within 7 months in the 16 patients whose treatment was discontinued for reasons unconnected with ocular changes. No macular changes or permanent sequelae occurred. Ocular symptoms were unusual: 6 patients had reactions in the skin of the eyelids, and 6 others had minor symptoms related to the corneal changes. We do not believe that ophthalmological surveillance is mandatory in asymptomatic patients on long-term amiodarone therapy.