tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Sestamibi Scintigraphy of Double Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: BA D. NGUYEN, BENNETT B. CHIN, CARLOS H. LUGO-OLIVIERI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

The authors present a case of double parathyroid adenomas which were demonstrated by dual-phase Tc-99m sestamibi. The characteristics of double parathyroid adenomas and the role of preoperative scintigraphic imaging of multiglandular parathyroid disease are briefly discussed.
Photodermatoses with onset in the elderly
Authors: M. Trakatelli, S. Charalampidis, L.B. Novakovic, A. Patsatsi, D. Kalabalikis, D. Sotiriadis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Photodermatoses are a group of skin disorders induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and, in some cases, visible light. To establish a diagnosis it is important to carefully take a history, physical examination and perform phototesting as well as other testing when appropriate (patch and photopatch tests, antinuclear antibodies, porphyrin profile). This article focuses on the photodermatoses that affect the elderly, which with the ageing of population, particularly in the industrialized societies, are becoming an increasingly important group for the healthcare systems. The most common photodermatoses with onset in the elderly are chronic actinic dermatitis and drug induced photosensitivity.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System
Authors: Douglas Simon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 November 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Diseases of the Liver and Biliary SystemDouglas Simon, MDDouglas Simon, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00052 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Diseases of the Liver and Biliary SystemNinth edition. Sheila Sherlock and James Dooley. 649 pages. London: Blackwell Scientific; 1993. $99.95.If you found any of Dr. Sherlock's previous editions of Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System an important part of your medical library, the current edition will not disappoint you. This book was first published in 1955 and each edition has been a significant improvement over its predecessor; the current ninth edition is no exception. The major addition to this edition is a coauthor, Dr. James Dooley. The textbook format has been revised to make it more readable, as well ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 961KeywordsAngiographyBiliary systemDiagnostic imagingGastroenterology and hepatologyHepatitis ALibrariesLiver diseasesLiver transplantationPathologistsSurgeons ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
698. Towards Non-Invasive Assessment of CF Airway Gene Therapy: High Resolution Propogation-Based Imaging of Airway Surface Liquid Via Synchrotron Light
Authors: David W. Parsons, Karen W. Siu, Jeffrey Crosbie, Ivan Williams, Boucher C. Richard, Kentaro Uesugi, Naoto Yagi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Genetic and pharmaceutical treatments to deal with the ion-channel pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis attempt to increase the abnormally low depth of the thin (<10um) airway surface liquid. A practical therapeutic measurement of ASL depth must be non-invasive and repeatable. In this proof-of-concept study we examined whether Propagation-Based (phase-contrast) Imaging (PBI) could image the airway surface in live mice to resolve airway surface liquid. Methods: Anaesthetised C57Bl/6 mice were imaged through the skull and neck at the SPring-8 synchrotron in Hyogo, Japan. Images were obtained on a CCD detector (6.6 or 1.1 μm pixel size) over periods of up to 40 mins using a 25 keV beam and a 150 cm propagation distance. Exposure times between 100 ms and 500 ms were used. Results: Airway surfaces and skull structures were revealed with remarkable clarity. Figure 1 is a low magnification image revealing olfactory turbinates, nasopharynx, trachea, cartilage, bone suture lines, cochlea and neck vertebrae normally only observable at this resolution via histological sectioning. The nasal septum, where gene transfer assessments in CF mice are made, was easily located in adults and juveniles. The tracheal surface could also be observed, and obliquely-directed Xrays provided improved tracheal images because overlying bone was eliminated from the beam. Saline (20ul) instilled into the nasal airway produced lumenal gas bubbles that revealed well-defined edges at high magnification. Dynamic changes in these airway surface-bound bubbles, easily visible in pseudo-video animations, indicated an image spatial resolution of approximately 10um. Conclusions: High-resolution, non-invasive imaging of airway surfaces in live animals is feasible with synchrotron PBI. Ongoing technical improvements in animal preparation, Xray dose, and detector resolution suggest synchrotron PBI may provide safe and repeated non-invasive imaging of airway surfaces. Synchrotron PBI imaging has promise as a novel non-invasive assessment of ASL depth in animal models and humans undergoing acute and long-term treatment for CF airway disease.
Opium, opioids, and an increased risk of death
Authors: I. A. Dhalla
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Beyond overdose the risks are incompletely understood 

Opium has been used medicinally and recreationally for millennia. A century ago, it was claimed that 15% of American doctors and a quarter of Chinese men were addicted to opium.1 2 Since then, owing to a combination of criminalisation, stigmatisation, medicalisation, and the availability of other psychoactive drugs, the use of opium has almost completely ceased in many countries and purified semi-synthetic and synthetic opioids are much more widely used. Opium use is largely limited to regions in central Asia where the opium poppy is cultivated.

In the linked cohort study conducted in the Iranian province of Golestan (doi:10.1136/bmj.e2502), Khademi and colleagues find that opium use is associated with almost double the risk of death from any cause.3 The key drivers of this increased risk were cardiovascular disease and cancer rather that respiratory and central nervous system depression, which are the mechanisms of death in opioid overdose. Opium use in this cohort was also associated with an increased risk of death from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, and other infections.

These findings …
Monoclonal autoantibodies specific for oxidized phospholipids or oxidized phospholipid–protein adducts inhibit macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins
Authors: Sohvi Hörkkö, David A. Bird, Elizabeth Miller, Hiroyuki Itabe, Norbert Leitinger, Ganesamoorthy Subbanagounder, Judith A. Berliner, Peter Friedman, Edward A. Dennis, Linda K. Curtiss, Wulf Palinski, Joseph L. Witztum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We recently cloned monoclonal IgM autoantibodies which bind to epitopes of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) from apoE-deficient mice (EO– autoantibodies). We now demonstrate that those EO– autoantibodies that were originally selected for binding to copper-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (CuOx-LDL), also bound both to the oxidized protein and to the oxidized lipid moieties of CuOx-LDL. The same EO– autoantibodies showed specific binding to products of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine (OxPAPC) and to the specific oxidized phospholipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-phosphatidyl-choline (POVPC), whereas oxidation of fatty acids (linoleic or arachidonic acid) or cholesteryl esters (cholesteryl-oleate or cholesteryl-linoleate) did not yield any binding activity. Those EO– autoantibodies that bound to oxidized phospholipids (e.g., EO6) inhibited the binding and degradation of CuOx-LDL by mouse peritoneal macrophages up to 91%, whereas other IgM EO– autoantibodies, selected for binding to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL, had no influence on binding of either CuOx-LDL or MDA-LDL by macrophages. F(ab′)2 fragments of EO6 were equally effective as the intact EO6 in preventing the binding of CuOx-LDL by macrophages. The molar ratios of IgM to LDL needed to maximally inhibit the binding varied from ∼8 to 25 with different CuOx-LDL preparations. Finally, a POVPC–bovine serum albumin (BSA) adduct also inhibited CuOx-LDL uptake by macrophages. These data suggest that oxidized phospholipid epitopes, present either as lipids or as lipid-protein adducts, represent one class of ligands involved in the recognition of OxLDL by macrophages, and that apoE-deficient mice have IgM autoantibodies that can bind to these neoepitopes and inhibit OxLDL uptake.
Eating habits, body weight, and insulin misuse. A longitudinal study of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: K S Bryden, A Neil, R A Mayou, R C Peveler, C G Fairburn, D B Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To examine disordered eating, insulin misuse, weight change, and their relationships with glycemic control and diabetic complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes followed up over eight years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Of 76 adolescents (43 male, 33 female) with type 1 diabetes aged 11-18 years at the first assessment, 65 were interviewed as young adults (aged 20-28 years). Eating habits were assessed using a standardized Eating Disorder Examination. Height and weight were determined and BMI calculated. Three consecutive urine specimens were collected for measurement of albumin/creatinine ratio and other significant diabetic complications were recorded. Glycemic control was assessed by glycated hemoglobin. RESULTS: Weight and BMI increased from adolescence to young adulthood. Females were overweight as adolescents and both sexes were overweight as young adults. Concern over weight and shape increased significantly for both sexes from adolescence to young adulthood. This increase in concern was reflected in increased levels of dietary restraint. Features of disordered eating were apparent in females at both assessments, but no patients met the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa at either assessment. A total of 10 (30%) females, but none of the males admitted underusing insulin to control weight. Five (45%) females with microvascular complications had intentionally misused insulin to prevent weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in BMI from adolescence to adulthood was associated with higher levels of concern over shape and weight and more intense dietary restraint, especially among females. Overt eating disorders were no more prevalent in these patients than in the general population, but milder forms of disordered eating were common and had implications for diabetes management. Insulin omission for weight control was frequent among females and may contribute to poor glycemic control and to risk of complications.
The Artificial Heart
Authors: Sandeep Jauhar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

At 10:30 p.m. on December 1, 1982, a retired dentist named Barney Clark was wheeled into an operating room at the University of Utah Medical Center in Salt Lake City. Clark, who was 61 years old, had end-stage congestive heart failure. When his condition acutely worsened that night in the middle of a heavy snowstorm, his doctors decided to press ahead with the world's first implantation of a permanent artificial heart. By the time the seven-hour operation was over, it had unleashed a blizzard of a different kind.By all accounts, when Clark was hospitalized in late November, he was . . .
Abstract 2: FGFR3 as a therapeutic target in squamous cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Rachel Liao, Peter Hammerman, Andrey Sivachenko, Heidi Greulich, Gad Getz, Qingsong Liu, Nathanael Gray, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Squamous cell lung carcinoma (lung SCC) is the second most common subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with, 40,000 new cases diagnosed every year in the United States. Unlike lung adenocarcinoma, few targetable genomic events are known drivers of lung SCC, and therefore, therapeutic options are limited for patients with this disease. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, we have analyzed the entire coding sequence of 196 lung SCCs for mutated genes which may be amenable to targeted therapeutics. In the 108 patient samples analyzed to date, we have observed mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) kinase gene in six cases at four sites, or 3% of samples. The observed FGFR3 mutations are present in both the extracellular domain and the kinase domain of the protein, an observation that is consistent with activating mutations in FGFR3 that are known to drive bladder cancer, and in fact, two of the observed mutations are at sites previously observed in bladder cancer. We therefore hypothesized that these mutations are oncogenic and may be driving transformation in a subset of lung SCC patients. Expression of mutated FGFR3 in NIH-3T3 cells led to anchorage-independent colony formation, which was inhibited by treatment with a pan-FGFR inhibitor. A known mechanism of FGFR3 activation is the constitutive dimerization of receptors with mutated extracellular domains via intermolecular disulfide bond formation, and we have observed this phenomenon in our ECD mutants as well. These data suggest that mutations in the FGFR3 gene are sufficient to transform cells. This finding, along with recently published data suggesting that FGFR1 amplification is also able to drive lung SCC development, demonstrates that the FGFR family may be a promising therapeutic target in lung SCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2
Ligand-Based Targeting of Apoptosis in Cancer: The Potential of Recombinant Human Apoptosis Ligand 2/Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (rhApo2L/TRAIL)
Authors: Avi Ashkenazi, Pamela Holland, S. Gail Eckhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Cancer is a leading cause of premature human death and commands considerable research attention. Apoptosis (type 1 programmed cell death) is critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis in metazoan organisms, and its dysregulation underpins the initiation and progression of cancer. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy can induce apoptosis as a secondary consequence of inflicting cell damage. However, more direct and selective strategies to manipulate the apoptotic process in cancer cells are emerging as potential therapeutic tools. Genetic and biochemical understanding of the cellular signaling mechanisms that control apoptosis has increased substantially during the last decade. These advances provide a strong scientific framework for developing several types of targeted proapoptotic anticancer therapies. One promising class of agents is the proapoptotic receptor agonists. Of these, recombinant human apoptosis ligand 2/tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhApo2L/TRAIL)—an optimized soluble form of an endogenous apoptosis-inducing ligand—is unique in that it activates two related proapoptotic receptors, DR4 and DR5. Preclinical data indicate that rhApo2L/TRAIL can induce apoptosis in a broad range of human cancer cell lines while sparing most normal cell types. In vitro, and in various in vivo tumor xenograft models, rhApo2L/TRAIL exhibits single-agent antitumor activity and/or cooperation with certain conventional and targeted therapies. Preclinical safety studies in nonhuman primates show rhApo2L/TRAIL to be well tolerated. Moreover, early clinical trial data suggest that rhApo2L/TRAIL is generally safe and provide preliminary evidence for potential antitumor activity. Clinical studies are ongoing to assess the safety and efficacy of this novel agent in combination with established anticancer therapies.
Development of targeting lonidamine liposomes that circumvent drug-resistant cancer by acting on mitochondrial signaling pathways
Authors: Nan Li, Cheng-Xiang Zhang, Xiao-Xing Wang, Liang Zhang, Xu Ma, Jia Zhou, Rui-Jun Ju, Xiu-Ying Li, Wei-Yu Zhao, Wan-Liang Lu
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Histamine releasability of basophils and skin mast cells in chronic urticaria
Authors: T. Zuberbier, S. Schwarz, K. Hartmann, C. Pfrommer, B. M. Czarnetzki
Journal: Allergy (1996)

In order to clarify the pathogenetic role of basophils and mast cells in chronic urticaria, histamine and leukotriene (LT)C 4 release was examined in washed mixed leukocytes ( n = 8) and skin mast cells ( n = 5) from patients with chronic urticaria and compared with the same cells from normal controls ( n = 9). Anti‐IgE‐stimulated basophil histamine release was significantly reduced in urticaria patients (median 2.9% vs 15.1% in normal controls), whereas histamine release to A23187. FMLP, and PAF, as well as anti‐IgE‐induced LTC 4 release, showed no differences in both groups. In contrast, anti‐IgE‐stimulated skin mast cells from urticaria patients reacted similarly to those of controls (median histamine release 11.4% vs 14.2% in normal controls). Pretreatment of the cells with interleukin (IL)‐3 upregulated responsiveness of basophil histamine release to anti‐IgE in urticaria patients (median histamine release 14.3%), but pretreatment with the H 2 ‐antagonist cimetidine showed no effect. These data show that reduced basophil histamine releasability in chronic urticaria is not H 2 mediated. It is a stimulus, mediator‐, and cell type‐restricted phenomenon that can, at least partially, be reversed in the presence of the cytokine IL‐3.
Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism in Patients with Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Gabriel Spergel, Sheldon J. Bleicher, Norman H. Ertel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in pheochromocytoma has been ascribed to glycogenolysis provoked by catecholamines. Studies in two patients with this tumor revealed two additional factors: suppression of insulin release and resistance to the hypoglycemic action of endogenous or exogenous insulin. Immediately after removal of the tumor, the response of plasma insulin levels to glucose and tolbutamide was exaggerated, but resistance to the hypoglycemic effects of insulin continued. These findings are attributed to concomitantly elevated plasma cortisol levels. With time, carbohydrate metabolism reverted toward normal. Before operation elevated fasting plasma free fatty acid levels (FFA) fell after oral glucose, whereas, unexpectedly, plasma glycerol levels did not. Both levels were reduced after exogenous insulin. In postoperative patients both plasma glycerol and FFA fell after glucose had been administered by mouth. Direct inhibition of lipolysis by insulin appeared decreased owing to both suppression of and resistance to this hormone during hypercatecholaminemia. Hyperglycemia enhanced re-esterification and regulated FFA, presumably thereby averting ketoacidosis.
Intraperitoneal Rupture of a Wilms Tumour
Authors: C. H. Tanner
Journal: BMJ (1943)

be the Gasserian ganglion that is affected by the trichlorethylene.I have used trilene for the past twelve months in a variety of cases.Apparently the trigeminal anaesthesia bears no relation to the dose of trilene administered, and there is no method of testing the susceptibility of a patient.
P2-086: Predictive value of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidine phosphorylase and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase expression in tumor tissue, regarding the efficacy of postoperatively administered UFT (Tegafur + Uracil) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Takanori Miyoshi, Kazuya Kondo, Hiroaki Toba, Taeko Nagao, Mitsuteru Yoshida, Yukiko Hirose, Koichiro Kenzaki, Shoji Sakiyama, Masatsugu Takehisa, Akira Tangoku
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Aneuploidy-Dependent Massive Deregulation of the Cellular Transcriptome and Apparent Divergence of the Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway in Human Rectal Carcinomas
Authors: Marian Grade, B. Michael Ghadimi, Sudhir Varma, Richard Simon, Danny Wangsa, Linda Barenboim-Stapleton, Torsten Liersch, Heinz Becker, Thomas Ried, Michael J. Difilippantonio
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract To identify genetic alterations underlying rectal carcinogenesis, we used global gene expression profiling of a series of 17 locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas and 20 normal rectal mucosa biopsies on oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 351 genes were differentially expressed (P &amp;lt; 1.0e−7) between normal rectal mucosa and rectal carcinomas, 77 genes had a &amp;gt;5-fold difference, and 85 genes always had at least a 2-fold change in all of the matched samples. Twelve genes satisfied all three of these criteria. Altered expression of genes such as PTGS2 (COX-2), WNT1, TGFB1, VEGF, and MYC was confirmed, whereas our data for other genes, like PPARD and LEF1, were inconsistent with previous reports. In addition, we found deregulated expression of many genes whose involvement in rectal carcinogenesis has not been reported. By mapping the genomic imbalances in the tumors using comparative genomic hybridization, we could show that DNA copy number gains of recurrently aneuploid chromosome arms 7p, 8q, 13q, 18q, 20p, and 20q correlated significantly with their average chromosome arm expression profile. Taken together, our results show that both the high-level, significant transcriptional deregulation of specific genes and general modification of the average transcriptional activity of genes residing on aneuploid chromosomes coexist in rectal adenocarcinomas. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 267-82)
Deception in Human Experimental and Public Health Research on Alcohol Problems
Authors: Christian S. Hendershot, John A. Cunningham, William H. George
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments C. Hendershot acknowledges support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), grant R21AA020304. W. George acknowledges support from NIAAA grant R01AA016281.
Testicular Pain Sensation in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: I. W. Campbell, D. J. Ewing, B. F. Clarke, L. J. P. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Testicular sensation was examined in 32 male diabetics with symptoms suggestive of autonomic neuropathy to evaluate its usefulness as a clinical sign in this condition. Vascular reflex responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and sustained handgrip and blood pressure fall on standing were measured as objective tests of autonomic involvement. Absent or diminished testicular sensation correlated well both with the clinical features of autonomic neuropathy, except where impotence occurred alone, and with abnormal vascular reflexes. Most patients with impotence alone had normal testicular sensation and normal vascular reflexes. It is concluded that this sign is useful in diabetics with impotence, the presence of intact testicular sensation indicating that the impotence is unlikely to be due to autonomic neuropathy.