tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUBPERICHONDRIAL AND SUBPERIOSTEAL OPERATIONS ON THE NASAL SEPTUM.
Authors: ROBERT CUNNINGHAM MYLES
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The history of the subperichondrial and subperiosteal operations on the nasal septum is brilliant. It seems that every writer who has dealt with this subject has added something to the progress leading to the perfection of the technical details, and has also improved or added some new instrument to carry out the intricate and difficult proceedings incidental to the satisfactory performance of these remarkable operations. In my opinion, your chairman, Dr. Freer, has done more than any one else in this country to popularize and promote the operation. For several years he has persistently demanded its adoption, making many original suggestions in regard to procedure, instruments and technical details which to-day may be said to be almost complete. <h3>AUTHOR'S PREVIOUS TECHNIC.</h3> I commenced to experiment and operate beneath the perichondrium fifteen years ago, and presented a paper<sup>1</sup>on the subject to this Section at Atlanta, May, 1896. I crave your
Surgical Treatment of Hydatid Cysts by Freezing of Cyst Wall and Instillation of 0.5 per Cent Silver Nitrate Solution
Authors: Farrokh Saidi, Iraj Nazarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Because of the great fragility of the outer laminated membrane of a hydatid cyst, conventional methods of evacuating these cysts usually result in their uncontrolled rupture. An apparatus has been designed that creates a rigid frozen ring on the surface of the cyst or the organ containing it. Through the isolated central portion the cyst contents can be evacuated without risk of rupture. The device has been used successfully in the treatment of 53 large hydatid cysts. As an adjunctive solution for sterilizations of any residual larvae in the emptied exocyst space, 0.5 per cent silver nitrate solution is suggested. The efficacy of this agent against the parasites was demonstrated in the laboratory, and it was used in the surgical treatment of 28 intact hydatid cysts.
Protective effect of 17β-estradiol on ischemic acute renal failure through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: A. Satake, M. Takaoka, M. Nishikawa, M. Yuba, Y. Shibata, K. Okumura, K. Kitano, H. Tsutsui, K. Fujii, S. Kobuchi, M. Ohkita, Y. Matsumura
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Reduced Endoglin Activity Limits Cardiac Fibrosis and Improves Survival in Heart Failure
Authors: Navin K. Kapur, Szuhuei Wilson, Adil A. Yunis, Xiaoying Qiao, Emily Mackey, Vikram Paruchuri, Corey Baker, Mark J. Aronovitz, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Michelle Letarte, David A. Kass, Michael E. Mendelsohn, Richard H. Karas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ubiquitously expressed cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) promotes cardiac fibrosis, an important component of progressive heart failure. Membrane-associated endoglin is a coreceptor for TGFβ1 signaling and has been studied in vascular remodeling and preeclampsia. We hypothesized that reduced endoglin expression may limit cardiac fibrosis in heart failure. Methods and Results— We first report that endoglin expression is increased in the left ventricle of human subjects with heart failure and determined that endoglin is required for TGFβ1 signaling in human cardiac fibroblasts using neutralizing antibodies and an siRNA approach. We further identified that reduced endoglin expression attenuates cardiac fibrosis, preserves left ventricular function, and improves survival in a mouse model of pressure-overload–induced heart failure. Prior studies have shown that the extracellular domain of endoglin can be cleaved and released into the circulation as soluble endoglin, which disrupts TGFβ1 signaling in endothelium. We now demonstrate that soluble endoglin limits TGFβ1 signaling and type I collagen synthesis in cardiac fibroblasts and further show that soluble endoglin treatment attenuates cardiac fibrosis in an in vivo model of heart failure. Conclusion— Our results identify endoglin as a critical component of TGFβ1 signaling in the cardiac fibroblast and show that targeting endoglin attenuates cardiac fibrosis, thereby providing a potentially novel therapeutic approach for individuals with heart failure.
The causes of primary biliary cirrhosis: Convenient and inconvenient truths
Authors: Eric M. Gershwin, Ian R. Mackay
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The most difficult issue in autoimmunity remains etiology. Although data exist on effector mechanisms in many autoimmune diseases, the underlying cause or causes are still generically ascribed to genetics and environmental influences. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is considered a model autoimmune disease because of its signature antimitochondrial autoantibody (AMA), the homogeneity of clinical characteristics, and the specificity of biliary epithelial cell (BEC) pathology. Twenty years ago, we reported the cloning and identification of the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2) as the immunodominant autoantigen of PBC, allowing for vigorous dissection of T and B lymphocyte responses against PDC-E2 and development of several valid experimental models. There has also been considerable study of the biology of BECs, which has included the unique properties of apoptosis in which there is exposure of PDC-E2 to the effector processes of the immune system. In this review, we present these data in the context of our proposal that the proximal cause of PBC is autoimmunity directed against well-identified mitochondrially located autoantigens in individuals with inherited deficits of immune tolerance. We present these data under the umbrella of convenient truths that support this thesis as well as some inconvenient truths that are not readily accommodated by current theory. Conclusion: We emphasize that the potential initiator of PBC includes inter alia particular environmental xenobiotics; pathogenesis is aided and abetted by genetic weaknesses in mechanisms of immune regulation; and subsequent multilineage immunopathology impacts upon uniquely susceptible BECs to culminate clinically in the chronic autoimmune cholangiolitis of PBC. (Hepatology 2007.)
Cooperation between human thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes in the antibody response to ragweed antigen E in vitro.
Authors: R S Geha, H R Colten, E Schneeberger, E Merler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Human T lymphocytes from patients with ragweed hay fever, when exposed to ragweed antigen E (AgE) in vitro, produced an activity that, in the presence of antigen, induced B cells from AgE-sensitive donors to synthesize and secrete IgE and IgG antibodies to AgE. Anti-AgE specificity was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. B lymphocytes from ragweed-sensitive individuals exposed in vitro to AgE alone failed to transform or to secrete antibody to AgE. The T cells activity had no effect on B cells of individuals not sensitive to AgE. The results of this study suggest that the human reaginic antibody response requires T and B cell cooperation. The experimental approach used may be a useful model for the investigation of the antibody responses of allergic individuals.
T(11;18)(q21;q21) is associated with advanced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma that expresses nuclear BCL10
Authors: Hongxiang Liu, Hongtao Ye, Ahmet Dogan, Renzo Ranaldi, Rifat A. Hamoudi, Italo Bearzi, Peter G. Isaacson, Ming-Qing Du
Journal: Blood (2001)
(39) Ochronosis-like pigmentation from bleaching cream
Authors: D.I. Vollum, T. Palmer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (39) Ochronosis‐like pigmentation from bleaching cream Get access D.I. Vollum, D.I. Vollum Lewisham Hospital, London SE13 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Palmer T. Palmer Lewisham Hospital, London SE13 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13054.x Published: 01 July 1985
Procedural Skills of the General Internist
Authors: Robert S. Wigton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine which of 40 clinical procedures general internists do in their practice, how often these procedures are done, and what training is needed to develop and maintain competence in each. Design: Mailed survey. Participants: A random sample of 2500 American College of Physicians (ACP) members identified as general internists; 1806 (72%) responded. Of these, we excluded 398 who were board eligible or board certified in a subspecialty and 143 with unknown status. The resulting sample of 1179 was augmented in selected analyses by an additional sample of 199 rural internists. Results: General internists did, on average, 16 of the 40 procedures. Practice characteristics markedly affected the number and variety of procedures done. A larger number of different procedures was independently associated with smaller cities, smaller hospitals, younger age, increased hours in patient care, and certain regions of the country. Practice characteristics varied considerably by practice type and location. Many procedures were done infrequently. There was reasonable agreement on the experience needed to attain and maintain competency in each procedure. The majority of respondents favored hospital credentialing for 22 of the 40 procedures. Conclusions: General internists do a wide variety of procedures, the number and frequency of which are affected by the characteristics and location of their practice. Despite opinion to the contrary, more recently trained general internists do a wider variety of procedures than older colleagues. These results provide data to help define standards for training and credentialing and suggest that we should reexamine general internists' training in procedural skills.
Gender differences in chronic pruritus: women present different morbidity, more scratch lesions and higher burden
Authors: S. Ständer, A. Stumpf, N. Osada, S. Wilp, E. Chatzigeorgakidis, B. Pfleiderer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Although sex and gender are increasingly perceived as important factors in medicine, there is only very little knowledge on these issues in patients with chronic pruritus (CP).The aim of this retrospective study was to compare multiple parameters of CP in a large representative group of patients and to assess any sex and gender differences.Patients (n = 1037, 54·8% women) with CP (> 6 weeks' duration) were analysed concerning gender differences in multiple parameters, including quality of life, CP-underlying diseases, co-morbidities and clinics. We used McNemar tests for dependent variables, and χ(2) tests and t-tests for independent variables, to evaluate gender-specific differences.Men were significantly older (P < 0·001) than women and had significantly more often cardiovascular (P < 0·001) and urogenital (P < 0·0001) co-morbidities, a higher number of co-medications (P = 0·041), and more often dermatological and systemic diseases leading to CP. Women had more neuropathic and psychosomatic diseases underlying the CP. They significantly more often showed a worsening of the CP by emotional (P = 0·002) and psychosomatic factors (P = 0·046). Women reported more often on localized itching occurring in attacks, with stinging, warmth and painful qualities (P < 0·05). Women significantly more often showed chronic scratch lesions and prurigo nodularis (P = 0·001), in contrast to men who significantly more frequently had CP on noninflamed skin (P = 0·004). In addition, women obtained higher visual analogue scale scores (P = 0·031) and reported a higher impact on quality of life (P = 0·033) than men.There are gender-specific differences not only in the quality, localization and triggering of CP but also in the underlying disease and scratching behaviour. These facts must be taken into account in the medical care of patients with CP and when conducting any kind of clinical research on itch. Further research is needed to achieve a gender-specific and gender-adapted diagnostics and treatment of CP.
Betting your life on it: Author's reply
Authors: Mark D Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
Focal Bone Tracer Uptake Associated with a Herniation Pit of the Femoral Neck
Authors: CHARLES B. THOMASON, EUGENE D. SILVERMAN, RICHARD D. WALTER, ROBERT OLSHAKER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The herniation pit of the femoral neck is a common radiographic lesion whose pathogenesis has been described by Pitt et al and reported as negative on bone scanning. This case report demonstrates increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in a herniation pit of the femoral neck.
Atrogin-1 ubiquitin ligase is upregulated by doxorubicin via p38-MAP kinase in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Yuki Hoshino, Takashi Ito, Tetsuro Nariai, Tomomi Mohri, Masanori Obana, Nozomi Hayata, Yoriko Uozumi, Makiko Maeda, Yasushi Fujio, Junichi Azuma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

AimsDoxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective anti-neoplastic agents; however, its clinical use is limited by drug-induced cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this toxicity remain to be fully addressed. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of atrogin-1, one of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Cost-Effectiveness of Defending against Bioterrorism: A Comparison of Vaccination and Antibiotic Prophylaxis against Anthrax
Authors: Robert A. Fowler, Gillian D. Sanders, Dena M. Bravata, Bahman Nouri, Jason M. Gastwirth, Dane Peterson, Allison G. Broker, Alan M. Garber, Douglas K. Owens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Weaponized Bacillus anthracis is one of the few biological agents that can cause death and disease in sufficient numbers to devastate an urban setting. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of an aerosolized B. anthracis bioterror attack. Design: Decision analytic model. Data Sources: We derived probabilities of anthrax exposure, vaccine and treatment characteristics, and their costs and associated clinical outcomes from the medical literature and bioterrorism-preparedness experts. Target Population: Persons living and working in a large metropolitan U.S. city. Time Horizon: Patient lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: We evaluated 4 postattack strategies: no prophylaxis, vaccination alone, antibiotic prophylaxis alone, or vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis, as well as preattack vaccination versus no vaccination. Outcome Measures: Costs, quality-adjusted life-years, life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results of Base-Case Analysis: If an aerosolized B. anthracis bioweapon attack occurs, postexposure prophylactic vaccination and antibiotic therapy for those potentially exposed is the most effective (0.33 life-year gained per person) and least costly ($355 saved per person) strategy, as compared with vaccination alone. At low baseline probabilities of attack and exposure, mass previous vaccination of a metropolitan population is more costly ($815 million for a city of 5 million people) and not more effective than no vaccination. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: If prophylactic antibiotics cannot be promptly distributed after exposure, previous vaccination may become cost-effective. Limitations: The probability of exposure and disease critically depends on the probability and mechanism of bioweapon release. Conclusions: In the event of an aerosolized B. anthracis bioweapon attack over an unvaccinated metropolitan U.S. population, postattack prophylactic vaccination and antibiotic therapy is the most effective and least expensive strategy.
New Insights into the Dementia Epidemic
Authors: Eric B. Larson, Kristine Yaffe, Kenneth M. Langa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Dr. Eric Larson on new insights into the dementia epidemic. (14:37)Download Demographics will drive an increase in the number of dementia cases, but reports reveal declining age-specific prevalence or incidence among people born later in the first half of the 20th century, informing our understanding of potentially modifiable risk factors.
Systemic Administration of AAV8-α-galactosidase A Induces Humoral Tolerance in Nonhuman Primates Despite Low Hepatic Expression
Authors: Jennifer B Nietupski, Gregory D Hurlbut, Robin J Ziegler, Qiuming Chu, Bradley L Hodges, Karen M Ashe, Mark Bree, Seng H Cheng, Richard J Gregory, John Marshall, Ronald K Scheule
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

In mice, liver-restricted expression of lysosomal enzymes from adeno-associated viral serotype 8 (AAV8) vectors results in reduced antibodies to the expressed proteins. To ask whether this result might translate to patients, nonhuman primates (NHPs) were injected systemically with AAV8 encoding α-galactosidase A (α-gal). As in mice, sustained expression in monkeys attenuated antibody responses to α-gal. However, this effect was not robust, and sustained α-gal levels were 1-2 logs lower than those achieved in male mice at the same vector dose. Because our mouse studies had shown that antibody levels were directly related to expression levels, several strategies were evaluated to increase expression in monkeys. Unlike mice, expression in monkeys did not respond to androgens. Local delivery to the liver, immune suppression, a self-complementary vector and pharmacologic approaches similarly failed to increase expression. While equivalent vector copies reached mouse and primate liver and there were no apparent differences in vector form, methylation or deamination, transgene expression was limited at the mRNA level in monkeys. These results suggest that compared to mice, transcription from an AAV8 vector in monkeys can be significantly reduced. They also suggest some current limits on achieving clinically useful antibody reduction and therapeutic benefit for lysosomal storage diseases using a systemic AAV8-based approach.
An epidermal growth factor derivative with binding affinity for hydroxyapatite and titanium surfaces
Authors: Jeonghwa Kang, Seiichi Tada, Makoto Sakuragi, Hiroshi Abe, Reiko Ito, Junko Ishikawa, Shino Kurata, Takashi Kitajima, Tae Il Son, Toshiro Aigaki, Yoshihiro Ito
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
A Clinical Comment on Postmaturity
Authors: C. Lee Buxton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

POSTMATURITY as an etiologic factor in fetal distress and perinatal mortality has in recent years received considerable attention.1 2 3 4 5 One of the difficulties in establishing postmaturity as a clinical concept is the inability to document accurately the actual period of gestation in any given case. As is well known, the two-hundred-and-eighty-day period of gestation in the human being as measured from the first day of the last menstrual period is only an approximation of the true period of gestation. Not only do patients forget the exact dates of their last menstrual period but also they confuse true menstruation with adventitious bleeding, . . .
HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GAGS IN ALTERED TENDON: A MEANS TO EVALUATE THE DEGREE OF PATHOLOGY
Authors: M Attia, G Carpentier, S Etienne, S Thierart, A Scott, L Oystein, D Papy-Garcia, M C Tassoni, I Martelly
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction The social and economic consequences of injured tendons have long been recognised. In particular, patellar tendinopathy is often recalcitrant to standard treatment, highlighting the need for prevention and therapeutic strategies that aim at minimising tissue alteration and protecting tendon structure and function. This relies on a pertinent diagnostic of the degree of pathology. A means to correlate anatomical and biochemical properties of injured tendon to the extent of the pathology is thus important to acquire. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), along with the proteoglycan aggrecan, are known to increase with tendon pathology, indicating a shift of tenocytes towards a chondroïd phenotype. It could be postulated that the amount of GAGs correlates with the degree of pathology of patellar tendon assessed by the VISA Score. Methods Analysis of total and specific GAGs using a DiMethyl Methylene Blue histochemical technique and immuno-histological technique with antibodies against Dermatan Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, Heparan Sulfate and proteoglycans (PG) (decorin, versican and aggrecan) respectively were performed on normal and pathological tendon sections from rat supraspinatus and human patellar tendons. Results As observed in rat overused supraspinatus tendon, total GAGs as well as Dermatan and Chondroitin sulfate were increased in human pathological patellar tendon. Correlatively, PGs such as decorin, and above all versican and aggrecan were also enhanced. Amounts of GAGs and aggrecan found in tendons changed with the Visa score of patellar tendons. A correlation was established between VISA score and the amount of GAGs. This correlation allowed us to verify the correct sampling of patient tendons and was predictive for the extent of pathology of unclassified tendon samples. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of excessive GAGs in relation to tendon pain and function. Accurate GAG assessment would represent a help in establishing a reliable diagnostic of patellar tendinopathy as a complement of the Visa score. This knowledge may be useful in stimulating the development of more sensitive imaging modalities capable of detecting early changes in the composition of tendon extracellular matrix.
β1-Class Integrins Regulate the Development of Laminae and Folia in the Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex
Authors: Diana Graus-Porta, Sandra Blaess, Mathias Senften, Amanda Littlewood-Evans, Caroline Damsky, Zhen Huang, Paul Orban, Rüdiger Klein, Johannes C. Schittny, Ulrich Müller
Journal: Neuron (2001)