tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3374: Effect of Ginsenoside Rg3 on 17β-estradiol-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition through HuR protein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
Authors: Chang Ki Lee, Won-Yoon Chung, Jin Kim, Kwang-Kyun Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular mechanism long recognized as a central feature of normal development, such as neural crest formation and heart morphogenesis. More recent studies have reported that physiopathological transitions occur during the progression of epithelial tumors, endowing cancer cells with increased motility and invasiveness. EMT implicated that epithelial cells become elongated, lose their polarity and cellular junctions, and show mesenchymal fibroblast-like properties. The role of estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer cell motility and invasion is controversial. Although ER-positive breast tumors are considered less aggressive and more differentiated, they still undergo metastasis. Human antigen R (HuR) represents one of the best characterised RNA-binding proteins. HuR is involved in mRNA shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments and has been shown to increase stability of many mRNA. In recent reports, HuR might serve as a central step in the control of the expression of factors that are involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis, and also plays a critical role in the control of ER mRNA stability. In this study, we investigated whether ginsenoside Rg3 could inhibit the 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced EMT via HuR in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Upon E2 stimulation, the levels of epithelial markers, E-cadherin and γ-catenin were strikingly suppressed, whereas those of mesenchymal markers, vimentin, α-SMA, β-catenin and HuR were significantly up-regulated. E2 stimulated the transfer of HuR protein from nucleus into cytoplasm. HuR down-regulated (HuR-DR) MCF-7 cells were established using the HuR shRNA plasmid. Down regulation of HuR did not change the levels of E-cadherin and ER-α, but decreased the levels of β-catenin and vimentin in E2-stimulated MCF-7 cells. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion was not affected by E2 in HuR-DR MCF-7 cells. Rg3 decreased the viability, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells in the absence or presence of E2. Rg3 treatment inhibited EMT, evidenced by the increased expression of E-cadherin and ER-α, and the decreased expression of β-catenin and vimentin as compared with E2 stimulation. Rg3 inhibited E2-induced expression and cytoplasmic translocalization of HuR protein. In a mouse xenograft model, Rg3 attenuated tumor growth of MCF-7 cells and blocked expressions of EMT marker proteins and HuR, whereas HuR-DR MCF-7 cells did not result in tumor growth. Therefore, Rg3 inhibited E2-stimulated migration, invasion and growth by blocking E2-induced EMT via HuR as well as tumor growth in MCF-7 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3374. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3374
Coronary Vascular Nitric Oxide Activity in Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Arshed A. Quyyumi, David Mulcahy, Neil P. Andrews, Syed Husain, Julio A. Panza, Richard O. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Whether the abnormal responses of the human coronary circulation to acetylcholine in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia extend to other, nonmuscarinic stimulators of the endothelium and whether this signifies a specific abnormality of NO is not known. Methods and Results We studied 26 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries, 10 without risk factors, and 16 with either hypertension (n=9) and/or hypercholesterolemia (n=10). Dose-response curves were performed with acetylcholine, substance P, and sodium nitroprusside before and after N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA). Substance P produced predominantly epicardial coronary dilation, whereas the dilating effect of acetylcholine was mainly microvascular. There was no correlation between the responses to the two drugs. L-NMMA did not affect the response to sodium nitroprusside, but it suppressed dilation in response to both substance P and acetylcholine, suggesting that the latter promote bioavailability of NO from the coronary vascular endothelium. Compared with patients without risks, those with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension had significantly reduced vasodilation with substance P: 21% versus 12.6% ( P =.004) increase in epicardial coronary diameter and 35% versus 19% ( P &lt;.05) decrease in vascular resistance. Similar differences were noted with acetylcholine but not with sodium nitroprusside or adenosine. Epicardial and microvascular dilations with substance P or acetylcholine after L-NMMA were similar in patients with and without risk factors, indicating that the reduced effect of endothelium-dependent vasodilators in those with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is due to diminished NO activity. Conclusions (1) Substance P– and acetylcholine-induced coronary vasodilation, like that to acetylcholine, is at least partly due to stimulation of NO activity, indicating that the dysfunction of the coronary vascular endothelial cell layer is not restricted to muscarinic receptors. (2) Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are associated with depression of both basal and pharmacologically stimulated bioavailability of NO.
Breast-feeding Protects against Arsenic Exposure in Bangladeshi Infants
Authors: Britta Fängström, Sophie Moore, Barbro Nermell, Linda Kuenstl, Walter Goessler, Margaretha Grandér, Iqbal Kabir, Brita Palm, Shams El Arifeen, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundChronic arsenic exposure causes a wide range of health effects, but little is known about critical windows of exposure. Arsenic readily crosses the placenta, but the few available data on postnatal exposure to arsenic via breast milk are not conclusive.AimOur goal was to assess the arsenic exposure through breast milk in Bangladeshi infants, living in an area with high prevalence of arsenic-rich tube-well water.MethodsWe analyzed metabolites of inorganic arsenic in breast milk and infant urine at 3 months of age and compared them with detailed information on breast-feeding practices and maternal arsenic exposure, as measured by concentrations in blood, urine, and saliva.ResultsArsenic concentrations in breast-milk samples were low (median, 1 μg/kg; range, 0.25–19 μg/kg), despite high arsenic exposures via drinking water (10–1,100 μg/L in urine and 2–40 μg/L in red blood cells). Accordingly, the arsenic concentrations in urine of infants whose mothers reported exclusive breast-feeding were low (median, 1.1 μg/L; range, 0.3–29 μg/L), whereas concentrations for those whose mothers reported partial breast-feeding ranged from 0.4 to 1,520 μg/L (median 1.9 μg/L). The major part of arsenic in milk was inorganic. Still, the infants had a high fraction (median, 87%) of the dimethylated arsenic metabolite in urine. Arsenic in breast milk was associated with arsenic in maternal blood, urine, and saliva.ConclusionVery little arsenic is excreted in breast milk, even in women with high exposure from drinking water. Thus, exclusive breast-feeding protects the infant from exposure to arsenic.
The Spinal Tap: A New Look at an Old Test
Authors: KEITH I. MARTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The spinal tap, or lumbar puncture, has indisputable value; opinions differ, however, on the amount of that value. The procedure has variable utility depending on the clinical indications and the results of tests on the cerebrospinal fluid. Its greatest value is in the evaluation of infectious or malignant meningitis; for most other diseases, it provides additional, but not essential, information. Because of the potential risk of the spinal tap, decisions about when to do the procedure must be made carefully. A probability analysis is provided to elucidate the usefulness of data from cerebrospinal fluid tests.
Majority of 1.5bn NHS contracts go to private providers, study finds
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The private sector is in line to secure hundreds of millions in NHS funding from services placed out to the open market under the UK government’s latest competition regulations, a study has shown.

Research by the independent pressure group the NHS Support Federation found that contracts for around 100 NHS clinical services totalling almost £1.5bn (€1.7bn; $2.2bn) have been advertised since 1 April 2013, with commercial companies winning the lion’s share of those awarded to date. …
Role of Environmental Chemicals in Diabetes and Obesity: A National Toxicology Program Workshop Review
Authors: Kristina A. Thayer, Jerrold J. Heindel, John R. Bucher, Michael A. Gallo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

There has been increasing interest in the concept that exposures to environmental chemicals may be contributing factors to the epidemics of diabetes and obesity. On 11-13 January 2011, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) organized a workshop to evaluate the current state of the science on these topics of increasing public health concern.The main objective of the workshop was to develop recommendations for a research agenda after completing a critical analysis of the literature for humans and experimental animals exposed to certain environmental chemicals. The environmental exposures considered at the workshop were arsenic, persistent organic pollutants, maternal smoking/nicotine, organotins, phthalates, bisphenol A, and pesticides. High-throughput screening data from Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) were also considered as a way to evaluate potential cellular pathways and generate -hypotheses for testing which and how certain chemicals might perturb biological processes related to diabetes and obesity.Overall, the review of the existing literature identified linkages between several of the environmental exposures and type 2 diabetes. There was also support for the "developmental obesogen" hypothesis, which suggests that chemical exposures may increase the risk of obesity by altering the differentiation of adipocytes or the development of neural circuits that regulate feeding behavior. The effects may be most apparent when the developmental exposure is combined with consumption of a high-calorie, high-carbohydrate, or high-fat diet later in life. Research on environmental chemical exposures and type 1 diabetes was very limited. This lack of research was considered a critical data gap. In this workshop review, we outline the major themes that emerged from the workshop and discuss activities that NIEHS/NTP is undertaking to address research recommendations. This review also serves as an introduction to an upcoming series of articles that review the literature regarding specific exposures and outcomes in more detail.
The Order of Authorship: Who's on First?
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The authorship of medical articles is under scrutiny as never before. Fraudulent work appears, then may enjoy citation in the literature long after retraction.<sup>1</sup>In academia, most appointment and promotion committees tally the number of publications of a candidate, a recent proposal for some limit notwithstanding.<sup>2</sup>Names of prominent, senior scientists appear in bylines, so-called honorary authorship, as a means of impressing editors and reviewers and to acknowledge moral or financial support.<sup>3</sup> Perhaps the responsibilities of authorship come into clearest focus when investigators decide on the order in which their names will be listed on their manuscript. The designation of first author and the sequence of listing are important for several reasons. Some landmark studies are known by the name of their first author, lending support to the impression that, being listed first, he or she played a pivotal role in performing the work and writing the
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: R. L. Garner, William S. Tillett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The fibrinolysin of hemolytic streptococci exerts no hydrolytic action upon casein, gelatin, or peptone. The action on solid human fibrin is characterized by a small and gradual increase in the amino nitrogen content of the solution. The specific and special enzymatic action of fibrinolysin is contrasted with trypsin and with streptococcal peptase (4). Solutions of human fibrinogen, after brief incubation with fibrinolysin, lose the capacity to form fibrin. Solutions of rabbit fibrinogen, on the other hand, retain the property of transformation into fibrin, even after prolonged exposure to fibrinolysin. Qualitative tests, with solutions resulting from the action of streptococcal fibrinolysin on human fibrin, indicate that the end-product may be protein and that the degradation of the molecule is not great.
A Case of Homosexuality treated by Combined Behaviour Therapy and Psychotherapy
Authors: T. Kraft
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

This is a case history of a 22-year-old male homosexual patient who received combined behaviour therapy and psychotherapy. The aim of this study is to show that, during a course of systematic desensitization, many changes occur which might seem unrelated to the symptom treated. These changes can only be explained in terms of psychoanalytic theory where the symptom is regarded as the outward expression of underlying psychopathology. The patient described in this paper seems to have made a good recovery in that he has made a better life adjustment and has gained insight into the nature of his disturbance.
EXPERIMENTAL BASIS OF THE DIETETIC AND MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF HYPERACIDITY AND GASTRITIS.
Authors: JOHN C. HEMMETER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Boas, who first used the finding of fragments of mucosa in the vomited matter and gastric wash water for diagnostic purposes, attributed great importance to this way of finding out the real state of the mucosa. He held that, in certain conditions of suppressed secretion, the differential diagnosis between a possible neurosis and a genuine gastritis with a glandular atrophy was only possible by examination of such pieces of mucosa. Rosenheim, Boas and Julius Friedenwald,<i>Med. News</i>, June 22, 1895, emphasize the value of qualitative and quantitative testing of rennet zymogen to differentiate between chronic gastritis with glandular atrophy and carcinoma on the one hand, and nervous dyspepsia and secondary gastritis on the other. However, Ewald and also Einhorn have asserted that absolute deficiency of rennet zymogen is not pathognostic for atrophy, therefore it would indeed seem as if a certain diagnosis could only be made by a small piece
77. Efficient Transduction and Therapy of Malignant Glioma by Lentiviral Vectors Pseudotyped with LCMV Glycoproteins
Authors: Hrvoje Miletic, Yvonne Fischer, Harald Neumann, Tsanan Giroglou, Manuel M. Hermann, Werner Stenzel, Maria A. Rueger, Yannic Waerzeggers, Uwe Himmelreich, Mathias Hoehn, Andreas H. Jacobs, Martina Deckert, Dorothee von Laer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Empirical Therapy for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Patricia D. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 September 1998Empirical Therapy for Community-Acquired PneumoniaPatricia D. Brown, MD and Stephen A. Lerner, MDPatricia D. Brown, MDWayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this author and Stephen A. Lerner, MDWayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We were surprised and disturbed to read a summary of Bartlett and Mundy's excellent review of community-acquired pneumonia [1] under the subtitle “Review Supported Treatment Guidelines” in the Update in Pulmonary Medicine by Niederman and Peters [2]. Although Niederman and Peters acknowledge that Bartlett and Mundy advocate sputum Gram stain and culture in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in an attempt to guide initial antimicrobial therapy and confirm microbial cause, they state that “Bartlett and Mundy's review of the pathogens that cause pneumonia led to the conclusion that the American Thoracic Society [ATS] guidelines for treatment of ...References1. Bartlett JG, Mundy LM. Community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1618-24. Google Scholar2. Niederman MS, Peters SP. Update in pulmonary medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:208-15. Google Scholar3. Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell GD, Fein AM, Grossman RF, Mandell LA, et al. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 148:1418-25. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections:adaptive immunity, innate immunity, cell biology, virulence factors 15 September 1998Volume 129, Issue 6Page: 510KeywordsAntibiotic resistanceAntimicrobialsBloodHealth carePatient advocacyPatientsPneumoniaPulmonary medicineSputumTreatment guidelines Issue Published: 15 September 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRETREATMENT OF DONOR BONE MARROW WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY OKT3 FOR PREVENTION OF ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN ALLOGENEIC HISTOCOMPATIBLE BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: AlexandraH. Filipovich, NormaK.C. Ramsay, PhyllisI. Warkentin, PhilipB. Mcglave, Gideon Goldstein, JohnH. Kersey
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Immunization: Evaluation of some currently available and prospective vaccines
Authors: A. B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Acute respiratory and diarrheal diseases cannot be expected to be effectively controlled by vaccines for a variety of reasons but largely because of the great multiplicity of causative agents. Measles could be eradicated by appropriate strategies. Paralytic poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses can be controlled by oral poliovirus vaccine in both developed and undeveloped countries but by different strategies. Vaccines cannot be expected to have a beneficial effect on recurrent genital, ocular, and facial herpes. Since naturally acquired immunity does not prevent subsequent fetal intrauterine infection with cytomegalovirus, it is still necessary to establish whether it can nevertheless prevent congenital defects. Prospective hepatitis B vaccines cannot be expected to be useful in the general population. There is reason to believe that both varicella and herpes zoster could be prevented by widespread use of the Japanese attenuated vaccine.
CT contrast extravasation in the upper extremity: Strategies for management
Authors: Hani Sbitany, Peter F. Koltz, Chester Mays, John A. Girotto, Howard N. Langstein
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)

Extravasation of CT scan contrast media into upper extremity subcutaneous tissue is a relatively frequent complication of injection. Potential sequelae of extravasation include compartment syndrome, skin sloughing, and necrosis. Many institutions institute protocols requiring inpatient plastic surgery consultations immediately following extravasation injury to the upper extremity. We hypothesize that conversion to non-ionic contrast media for contrast CT studies has greatly reduced the incidence of severe extravasation injuries, and may alleviate the need for routine hand surgery consultations. Records from 102 consecutive CT contrast media extravasation injuries were identified. Data acquired from a single institution included type and amount of contrast extravasated, anatomic location, post-procedural clinical symptoms, whether consult was obtained, and final recommendations and outcome. In 102 consecutive cases, immediate surgical therapy was necessary in 0. Non-ionic medium was used in 94% of these cases, and ionic dye was used in 6%. Extravasation of less than 100 cc occurred in 90%, and only 10% were greater. Plastic surgery consultation was immediately obtained in 42% of cases. Factors prompting consultation included extravasation >30 cc, and the presence of erythema or induration. Trends for consultation remained without discernable pattern when patients were stratified by age, amount of extravasate, or anatomic location. Conservative management was recommended in all cases. This included elevation of the extremity, frequent pulse and sensation exams, local message, and temporary splinting. There were no secondary complications requiring surgical intervention. Extravasation of non-ionic CT contrast media appears to be innocuous and can be treated with conservative therapy. Plastic surgery consultation should be obtained when there are obvious signs of skin and soft tissue compromise or symptoms of compartment syndrome.
Review: Tight glucose control reduces septicemia, but not death, and increases hypoglycemia in critically ill adults
Authors: Peter Dodek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club20 January 2009Review: Tight glucose control reduces septicemia, but not death, and increases hypoglycemia in critically ill adultsPeter Dodek, MDPeter Dodek, MDUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSoylemez Wiener R, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:933-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18728267Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Endocrinology: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: References1 Krinsley JS, Grover A. Severe hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: risk factors and outcomes. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:2262-7. [PMID: 17717490] Google Scholar2 Martin GS, Mannino DM, Eaton S, Moss M. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1546-54. [PMID: 12700374] Google Scholar3 National Quality Forum. Serious reportable events in healthcare 2006 update. 2007. www.qualityforum.org/publications/reports/sre_2006.asp (accessed 30 Oct 2008). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter Dodek, MDAffiliations: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (P.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 January 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: JC1-5KeywordsBacteremiaBloodCritical careGlucoseHypoglycemiaMedical dialysisMortalityRiversSepsisShock ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...