tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between Takayasu's Arteritis and a B-Cell Alloantigen in North Americans
Authors: David J. Volkman, Dean L. Mann, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

TAKAYASU'S arteritis (aortic-arch syndrome) is a rare inflammatory disease that involves large arteries and often leads to segmental-vessel necrosis and subsequent occlusive or aneurysmal sequelae.1 The disease has a worldwide distribution, and its cause remains unknown. However, studies in the Japanese population, in which the disease appears to be more frequent, have revealed an association between the disease and an HLA antigen, Bw52, which is present in 44 per cent of affected persons.2 , 3 An incompletely characterized B-cell antigen, DHO, has also been detected in 40 per cent of patients.4 Human B-cell alloantigens, coded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), are . . .
Benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide-DNA adducts detected by synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry.
Authors: K Vahakangas, G Trivers, M Rowe, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Using benzo(a)pyrene (BP) as a model carcinogen we are currently applying a fluorescence technique to detect the very low levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human populations due to environmental exposure. In synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry for detection of BP-diol epoxide-DNA, excitation and emission wavelengths are scanned simultaneously with a fixed wavelength difference (delta lambda) of 34 nm. Compared to conventional fluorescence methods only one peak emerges because excitation and emission peaks have to match delta lambda to show. Because of the quenching effect of DNA, samples are hydrolyzed by acid. After this, BP-diol epoxide (BPDE)- -modified DNA gives a peak at the same wavelength and of the same fluorescence yield as BP-tetrols. When DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 44 coke oven workers were analyzed, 10 had a sharp peak at 379. Among 36 coke oven workers from another factory, 4 had detectable levels of adducts. A much smaller percentage of samples was positive in a group of aluminum plant workers. We have also found BPDE-DNA adducts in DNA from pulmonary alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood lymphocytes from tobacco smokers and some of the nonsmokers.
STEREOPHOTOGRAPHY OF THE ANTERIOR EYEBALL AND FUNDUS
Authors: ROBERT VON DER HEYDT
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The value of stereophotography as a means of permanent clinical record and teaching ophthalmology is well recognized. Especially valuable is the ability to photograph minute pathologic conditions of the anterior eyeball under magnification. Stereopictures have been available for many years. They were, however, produced under great difficulty. To obtain them was a matter of not a little expense as well as painstaking effort on the part of the pioneers in this field. Some twenty-five years ago, Druner<sup>1</sup>constructed a stereocamera for photographing objects for the study of comparative anatomy and biology. I have had one of these cameras for years, but abandoned its use after a few trials which resulted in a good picture only now and then. The reason for these failures was the necessity of changing the focusing ground glass for the plate holder while the patient's eye was supposed to remain fixed. This took some time,
The prognostic significance of 50% coronary stenosis in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: P J Harris, V S Behar, M J Conley, F E Harrell, K L Lee, R H Peter, Y Kong, R A Rosati
Journal: Circulation (1980)

In this study we determined the prognostic significance of 50% coronary stenosis in 1183 medically treated patients with coronary artery disease.Clinical outcome was measured by survival and event- free (freedom from death and infarction) rates.Significant disease was first defined as 75% or greater narrow- ing.In 225 patients with less than 75% narrowing of all vessels, including 68 patients with 50% stenosis of at least one vessel, the 3-year survival rate was 100%.Patients with one, two or three significantly (75% or greater) stenosed vessels with additional 50% stenosed vessels had the same outcome as patients with one, two or three diseased vessels without additional 50% stenosed vessels.Significant disease was then defined as 50% or greater narrowing.Patients with significant (50% or greater) stenosis of one, two and three vessels and the left main coronary artery were divided into those in whom all diseased vessels were 75% or greater stenosed (group A) and those in whom at least one vessel was only 50% stenosed (group B).In every category, group B patients had a better outcome than group A patients.The largest differences were in three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease.Group B patients also had lower prevalences of previous infarction and abnormal ven- tricular function than group A patients.In three-vessel disease, the differences in outcome between group A and group B patients remained significant in multivariable analyses with descriptors of left ventricular function.Thus, 50% coronary stenosis is associated with less risk than 75% or greater stenosis even after adjustment for left ventricular function.When 50% stenosis is defined as significant, subsets based on the number of diseased vessels may be heterogenous with respect to baseline characteristics and outcome.
Body impedance analysis (BIA) in the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in liver cirrhosis (LC)
Authors: R de León, E Cabré, M Esteve-P, F Fdez-Bañares, JM Llovet, M Esteve-C, R Planas, J Boix, P Humbert, HA Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Activation of calcium currents in cardiac myocytes by empty beta-adrenoceptors.
Authors: T Mewes, S Dutz, U Ravens, K H Jakobs
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The cardiac calcium channel is known to be modulated by catecholamines via beta-adrenoceptors acting through intermediary GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins). In biochemical studies on isolated membranes and reconstituted systems, it has been demonstrated that various G protein-coupled receptors, including beta-adrenoceptors, can activate G proteins and also intracellular second messengers like cyclic AMP (cAMP) even in the absence of an agonist and that antagonists can block this empty receptor action. We examined electrophysiologically whether agonist-free beta-adrenoceptors can modulate L-type calcium currents (ICa) in intact cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from ventricles of guinea pig and human hearts and from human right atrial appendage. The patch-clamp technique was applied in the single electrode mode to measure whole-cell ICa. Modulation of calcium currents by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, without addition of an agonist, was studied in the absence and presence of the direct adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the cAMP analog adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphorothioate (Sp-cAMPS). In the presence of forskolin (0.5 mumol/L), an agent known to sensitize the adenylyl cyclase signal transduction system for receptor regulation, addition of the beta 1-selective antagonist atenolol and the nonselective antagonist propranolol (but not of the beta 2-selective antagonist ICI 118,551) caused a marked reduction of ICa in a concentration-dependent and stereoselective manner. The inhibitory effect of atenolol was reversible after washing out and was found to be half maximal and maximal (50% reduction) at about 50 and 300 nmol/L, respectively. In the absence of forskolin, inhibition of ICa by atenolol was markedly less (18% at 10 mumol/L atenolol). Finally, in contrast to forskolin-stimulated currents, atenolol (1 mumol/L) did not reduce calcium currents activated by the protein kinase A activator Sp-cAMPS (0.1 mmol/L), causing by itself a similar increase in calcium currents as forskolin. CONCLUSIONS In isolated guinea pig and human cardiomyocytes, agonist-free beta-adrenoceptors are functionally active and can stimulate L-type calcium currents, an effect blocked by receptor-specific antagonists.
The P Wave, P-R Interval, and Q-T Ratio of the Normal Orthogonal Electrocardiogram
Authors: HUBERT V. PIPBERGER, HERBERT L. TANENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The shortcomings of electrocardiographic time measurements from single leads have been noted before. With the use of simultaneously recorded corrected, orthogonal leads it is possible to evaluate better the time phase relationships of the electrocardiogram. The present study involves a statistical analysis of measurements of the P-wave duration, P-R interval, P-R segment, Q-T duration, and Q-T ratio of a group of 133 normal subjects.
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) as a Therapeutic Target for Breast Cancer Metastasis.
Authors: A. Gonzalez-Guerrico, R. Lupu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Numerous solid tumors confirm increased expression of FASN. FASN expression is upregulated in early steps of breast cancer, such as DCIS, and is associated with poor clinical outcome in more advanced disease. The objective of this study is to evaluate FASN inhibition as a prevention of breast cancer progression and as an effective treatment of metastasis. We utilized the model the MCF10CA1 series of cell lines, which complete the spectrum of breast cancer progression ranging from non-transformed breast epithelial cells to metastatic breast cancer cells. These metastatic cell lines are CA1A and CA1D cells (short for MCF10A-CA1A and MCF10A-CA1D), which metastasize to the lung following a tail vein injection. Interestingly, we determine that with the progression of breast cancer in these model series the level of FASN was correlated with the evolution to a more aggressive phenotype. The CA1A and CA1D cells expressed the highest levels of FASN. To determine whether FASN plays a role in the aggressiveness of these cells we introduced a specific FASN silencing RNA into CA1A and CA1D cells and isolated stable cell lines in which FASN expression was significantly reduced. Stable expression of a FASN shRNA completely abrogated the anchorage-independent growth ability of the metastatic cells and furthermore these cells reverted from EMT to MET (Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition) as demonstrated by a Matrigel 3Dimentional (3D) assay and the immunofluorescence staining of E-Cadherin in matrigel. These results emphasize the potential of FASN as a therapeutic target and as a key modulator of breast cancer progression and metastasis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6160.
Detection of GBV-C RNA in patients with non-A-E fulminant hepatitis by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
Authors: T Kanda, O Yokosuka, T Ehata, Y Maru, F Imazeki, H Saisho, Y Shiratori, M Omata
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

GBV-C might be a causative agent of fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology. Fulminant hepatitis is an indication for liver transplantation. However, in Japan, because of the legal difficulties associated with cadaveric donation, patients with fulminant hepatitis are still treated by plasmapheresis and multiple transfusions of fresh frozen plasma. So, the possibility that GBV-C might be transmitted by transfusions after the onset of fulminant hepatitis is real. Therefore, we have examined the possible role of GBV-C in non-A-E fulminant hepatitis. Nine patients with non-A-E fulminant hepatitis and one with non-A-E late onset hepatic failure were examined. Sera were obtained from the patients at admission before any blood or blood products were given, and again after transfusions. GBV-C RNA was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers based on the reported sequence. GBV-C RNA was negative in all 10 pretransfusion patients with non-A-E fulminant hepatitis or late onset hepatic failure. Then, fresh frozen plasma was transfused to these patients, and four of them became seropositive. GBV-C is unlikely to be a major etiologic agent for non-A-E fulminant hepatitis in Japan.
High potency factor VIII concentrates
Authors: R S Lane
Journal: BMJ (1991)

RiskfactorsforacquiringHIVinfection among 75 women Risk factors No Injecting drug misuse 24 Blood transfusions in Africa 2 Sexual partner an intravenous drug misuser 5 Sexual partner bisexual 2 Sexual partner or partners abroad 40 Under investigation 2arrived in the United Kingdom; three (one Australian and two British) had been sexually assaulted abroad; and the remaining three (two British and one Dutch) had had partners abroad - one from central Africa, one from the United States, and one from Holland.Thirty nine of the 40 women first attended these hospitals after the beginning of 1989, and 35 had acquired the infection during heterosexual contact in Africa.This study supports the contention that most female patients infected with HIV during heterosexual contact who attend departments of genitourinary medicine were infected in Africa and imported the infection into the United Kingdom.Further efforts to identify and help such patients must use this knowledge.
Inversion of the Left Hemidiaphragm
Authors: J. D. Swingle
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The left hemidiaphragm is sometimes inverted by pleural effusion on the left and may simulate primary abdominal disease roentgenographically. The clinical findings include severe dyspnea and evidence of pleural fluid. There is no palpable mass which correlates with one sometimes seen on the abdominal x-ray film. An inverted diaphragm displaces adjacent abdominal structures and moves paradoxically so a normal spleen may be palpable and also move paradoxically. The diagnosis can be confirmed by thoracentesis and/or diagnostic pneumoperitoneum. Occasionally, diagnostic pneumothorax is helpful.
Book on Immunity.
Authors: A. Melville Crane
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Marion, Ohio, May 6, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> There has been appearing inThe Journalfor some time a series of articles on the subject of immunity. The articles are of a splendid character, and it has occurred to me that it would be a good idea to publish them in book form, making them more convenient for reference. I believe that the above voices the sentiment of hundreds of readers ofThe Journal, and I think that many other readers ofThe Journaland of other medical magazines would be glad to avail themselves of so valuable a publication. Will they be published in book form? <h3>[Editor's Note:</h3> The above and many similar letters influence us to announce that the series will be published in book form, bound in cloth, at a probable price of about $1.00.]
Second-Line Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cesare Gridelli, Andrea Ardizzoni, Fortunato Ciardiello, Nasser Hanna, John V. Heymach, Francesco Perrone, Rafael Rosell, Frances A. Shepherd, Nick Thatcher, Johan Vansteenkiste, Luigi De Petris, Massimo Di Maio, Filippo De Marinis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Case 10-1962
Authors: Alexander Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixteen-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.Six months previously her skin was noted to be yellow. She became weak and lost her appetite one month before entry, and three weeks later malaise, chills and fever developed. The urine became dark, and she experienced occasional headaches and vague abdominal pain.Physical examination revealed a very pale, icteric girl who appeared moribund. Numerous retinal hemorrhages were observed. A Grade 2 systolic murmur was audible at the cardiac apex and the left sternal border, and a third heart sound was heard at the . . .
Measurement of bile acids in fasting gastric aspirates: an objective test for bile reflux after gastric surgery.
Authors: A M Hoare, M R Keighley, B Starkey, J Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1978)

We measured the concentration of bile acids in gastric aspirates from patients who had had operations for peptic ulcer. Some patients were asymptomatic and some had postoperative symptoms of the type that have been attributed to duodenogastric reflux. Samples were obtained via a nasogastric tube when the patients were fasting, after food, after pentagastrin, and overnight. We related the concentration and amount of bile acid and the volume aspirated to the presence or absence of symptoms and compared the results with radiological and endoscopic assessments of duodenogastric reflux. The most useful index to discriminate between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was the amount of bile reflux in half an hour9s aspiration from the fasting stomach; this we have termed 9fasting bile reflux9 (FBR) and expressed as mumol bile acids refluxing/hour. A figure greater than 120 mumol/h was present in 17 of 22 symptomatic patients and in all who complained of bile regurgitation or bile vomiting. The FBR was less than 120 mumol/h in all of 20 asymptomatic patients, although some of them had reflux detected radiologically and endoscopically.
A thank you
Authors: H. B Fontenot
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As clinicians, we try to be sensitive and caring with our patients, to be present for each individual. I don’t think consciously about this on a daily basis but just do what I do. One afternoon I opened up my email to a thank you. I was unsure who was thanking me or for what, so I just started to read:

“We met last February when I entered health clinic on a rainy Tuesday morning. I had been raped three days earlier. When I entered the clinic, with the intention of just getting tested for STDs I was directed to the room where I met you. We spoke for about fifteen minutes. In that time I accepted the fact that …
Second opinion please
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Many years ago as a junior doctor I watched a surgeon in trouble. A procedure in the neck turned into a deep, dark hole spilling blood. No one panicked, but since the operation threatened to become a thoracic one a second opinion was sought from a senior thoracic surgeon.

As it happened I had never encountered this luminary, but he was much admired and mimicked among the irreverent young—“Don't apologise, dear boy. My fault entirely. I employed you”—and therefore instantly recognisable when he arrived—indeed far more stylish than the best of his many imitators. He swept in and took charge. The crisis passed. The patient lived.

A few …
ET-34 * HIGHLY SELECTIVE HSV VIROTHERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: A. Li, M. Marzulli, L. Mazzacurati, B. Kaur, C. Bolyard, J. Cohen, W. Goins, M. Zhang, J. Glorioso, P. Grandi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer for which there is no effective treatment. Oncolytic HSV vectors (oHSV) are attenuated lytic viruses that have shown promise in the treatment of human GBM models in animals. Although proven safe for treatment of GBM in patients, oHSVs efficacy has been limited, a consequence of poor intra-tumoral virus replication and spread. To counter these limitations, we have developed oHSVs whose selective replication in GBM cells does not rely on defective genes. This was accomplished by (i) full retargeting of oHSV to utilize the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for infection of human GBM tumor cells and (ii) further vector engineering to modify the essential HSV immediate early gene (ICP4) for sensitivity to repression by the microRNA mir-124. Mir-124 is highly expressed in neurons but virtually absent in GBM and highly conserved among different species. The mir-124-regulated vector was unable to replicate in nude mice following intracranial inoculation supporting vector safety and was shown to be effective (50-60% long term survival) in the treatment of human GBM in nude mice. To enhance vector intra-tumor vector spread, our EGFR retargeted-mir-124 controlled vector was further modified by vector arming with the matrix metalloproteinase gene encoding MMP9. MMP9 degrades collagen type IV, a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes of glioblastomas but absent in normal brain tissue. Studies are ongoing to determine whether MMP9 expression enhances vector spread in GBM neurospheres and as a therapeutic agent for enhanced treatment of human GBM in animals.
Determinants of Systemic Vascular Function in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Philipp Eickhoff, Arschang Valipour, Dora Kiss, Martin Schreder, Leyla Cekici, Kora Geyer, Robab Kohansal, Otto C. Burghuber
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Impaired vascular reactivity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.We sought to assess vascular reactivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respective control subjects, and to investigate the relation between vascular function and airflow obstruction and systemic inflammation.We studied 60 patients with stable COPD; 20 smokers with normal lung function matched for age, sex, and body weight; and 20 similarly matched nonsmokers. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities were excluded. The endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function of the vasculature was measured using flow-mediated and nitrogen-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, respectively. Systemic inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and interleukin (IL)-6, were determined in serum.Both flow-mediated and nitrogen-mediated dilation of the brachial artery were significantly lower in patients with stable COPD than in smoking and nonsmoking control subjects. Levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and fibrinogen were higher in patients than they were in control subjects. In patients with COPD, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that age, sex, baseline brachial artery diameter, C-reactive protein level, leukocyte count, blood glucose level, and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s were independent predictors of flow-mediated dilation. There was no relation between flow-mediated dilation and pack-years of smoking. Baseline brachial artery diameter was the only independent predictor of nitrogen-mediated dilation in patients with COPD.Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation is significantly impaired in patients with stable COPD. Airflow obstruction and systemic inflammation may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with COPD.
Performance of cardiac troponin I in the exclusion of myocardial infarction in patients with advanced renal disease
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, Richard M. Nowak, Craig Foreback, Steven Borzak, Glenn Tokarski, Michael C. Tomlanovich, Gordon Jacobsen, W.Douglas Weaver, Keisha R. Sandberg, James McCord
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)