tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In My Father's House
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Hunter Wilson, Hopkins graduate and Baltimore internist, has written a workmanlike first novel.<i>In My Father's House</i>tells the story of a medical intern who is assigned a prominent patient, the Hopkins chief of neurosurgery. The retiring brain surgeon has had a neurologic event himself and chooses Jim, the young intern, as a sounding board for his life story, which makes up the bulk of the narrative. The usually reticent Dr Hallam regales Jim with past incidents that brought him from ordinary beginnings to the pinnacle of his field. This series of reminiscences is prompted by not only Hallam's illness but also his strong attraction to Jim, an attraction made fully clear in a well-handled surprise ending. Much of the story revolves around Hallam's undying love for his estranged wife, Anne. In this regard, the author has little success writing passion. Note to Dr Wilson: reread your Walker Percy before
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis in Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Christopher T. Hood, Careen Y. Lowder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

This 15-year-old girl reported progressively worsening pain and redness in her left eye. The diagnosis of scleritis with peripheral ulcerative keratitis was made. Testing for antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody was positive.
BRICS nations agree to collaborate on research and public health challenges
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Health ministers of the group of developing countries known as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have signed an agreement to work together on research projects and to reduce the burden of disease.

Meeting in New Delhi on 10 and 11 January, they adopted the “Delhi communique,” which promises greater collaboration in ensuring access to public health services …
Localized Manifestations of Subacute Thyroiditis Presenting as Solitary Transient Cold Thyroid Nodules
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, ELIZABETH BARON, MAXIM SHEINFELD, RAFAEL LUBOSHITSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Eleven patients, each with a painful solitary cold nodule of the thyroid were evaluated. All patients had subacute thyroiditis associated with neck pain and tenderness. Despite elevated sedimentation rate and increased thyroglobulin levels, nine of the patients were euthyroid, and I-131 uptake was normal in six. In all patients, thyroid scintigraphy demonstrated a solitary cold nodule that resolved regardless of anti-inflammatory therapy. Granulomatous subacute thyroiditis is characterized by decreased I-131 uptake accompanied by transient hyperthyroidism. The uncommon localized variant of this entity may present with a painful solitary nodule, normal or only moderately decreased I-131 uptake, and should be suspected even in euthyroid patients.
Dutch GPs warned against new contraceptive pill
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Dutch GPs are being advised by their own professional body not to prescribe a new low dose, monophasic oral contraceptive, marketed under the trade name Yasmin, until studies have established whether it is as safe as other contraceptive pills.

The new contraceptive, which is a combination of drospirenone (a progestogen) and ethinylestradiol, has been available in several European countries since 2000 and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration last May. It is licensed for use in the United Kingdom, where it is being launched next week.

Last year a 17 year old Dutch girl who had been taking Yasmin died from a …
pH-dependent effects of lidocaine on defibrillation energy requirements in dogs.
Authors: D S Echt, E L Cato, D R Coxe
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Lidocaine increases the energy required for ventricular defibrillation in dogs. Because sodium channel-blocking agents that are weak bases have pH-dependent electrophysiologic effects, we investigated the pH dependence of lidocaine (pKa, 7.9) on internal defibrillation energy requirements in 28 dogs with atrial spring and left ventricular patch electrodes. Results of defibrillation testing were used to derive 50% and 90% successful energy requirements (ED50 and ED90) using logistic regression and were compared with analysis of variance. Acidosis produced by hydrochloric acid infusion decreased the arterial pH from 7.40 +/- 0.05 (SD) to 7.18 +/- 0.03 (n = 8, p less than 0.01), but no significant change in ED90 was observed (14 +/- 4 to 16 +/- 6 J). Lidocaine infusion to therapeutic levels (4.2 +/- .07 micrograms/ml) at normal pH (7.42 +/- 0.02) increased ED90 from 13 +/- 3 to 17 +/- 3 J (n = 6, p less than 0.05), and subsequent acidosis (pH 7.19 +/- 0.02, p less than 0.01) exacerbated this effect of lidocaine on ED90 (22 +/- 5 J, p less than 0.05). Alkalosis produced by respirator hyperventilation increased the arterial pH from 7.41 +/- 0.03 to 7.60 +/- 0.03 (n = 8, p less than 0.01), with a fall in ED90 from 13 +/- 4 to 8 +/- 3 J (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clonal analysis of macronodules in cirrhosis
Authors: Valerie Paradis, Ingrid Laurendeau, Michel Vidaud, Pierre Bedossa
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Several arguments suggest that most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) occurring in human cirrhotic livers arise from large hepatocellular nodules or macronodules. Except for nodules with obvious features of HCC, there exist no consistent criteria enabling the differentiation between benign regenerative and neoplastic, potentially malignant macronodules. Surrogate markers able to accurately discriminate those lesions that will evolve toward a HCC are required. In this study, we investigated the clonality of 26 macronodules isolated from eight cases of explanted cirrhotic livers in women by analyzing X-chromosome inactivation, as indicated by the methylation status of the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA). For each macronodule, a large set of pathological features was evaluated and used to classify the macronodules into four groups: entirely benign-looking nodule (type 1), low-grade dysplastic nodule (type 2), high-grade dysplastic nodule (type 3), and HCC (type 4). Clonal analysis showed that 14 macronodules (54%) were monoclonal and 12 (46%) were polyclonal. Monoclonality was detected in 5 of 11 (45%) nodules from groups of entirely benign-looking and low-grade dysplastic nodules (types 1 and 2) and in 9 of 15 (60%) nodules from the group of high-grade dysplastic nodule and HCC (types 3 and 4). Neither the etiology of cirrhosis nor the size or histological classification of macronodules was correlated with the clonal status. In conclusion, clonal analysis of macronodules enables the differentiation between mono- and polyclonal macronodules in cirrhosis. Because monoclonal macronodules are prone to evolve to HCC, the determination of the clonal status of a macronodule could provide additional information for evaluating the prognosis of these lesions.
Effectiveness of the Small-Diameter Panendoscope in Diagnosing Cancers of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: M. Nishizawa, K. Nomoto, T. Hosoi, T. Okada, K. Yamada, T. Makino, T. Shiga
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Small-diameter panendoscopes are becoming more popular for use especially in screening programs for cancer. A comparison of four different types of endoscopes clearly demonstrates that all the instruments meet the requirements for an adequate examination of all parts of the upper GI-tract. In addition a questionnaire of patients already examined shows the good acceptance of the small-diameter panendoscopes.
A Dynamic Map of Antigen Recognition by CD4 T Cells at the Site of Leishmania major Infection
Authors: Orchidée Filipe-Santos, Pascale Pescher, Béatrice Breart, Christoph Lippuner, Toni Aebischer, Nicolas Glaichenhaus, Gerald F. Späth, Philippe Bousso
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
E5 Murine Monoclonal Antiendotoxin Antibody in Gram-Negative Sepsis&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2000)

HILE KNOWLEDGE AND7][8] Endotoxin triggers the production of proinflammatory monokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor) which in turn stimulate a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator cascades that result in the systemic signs and organ dysfunction that characterize clinical sepsis. 9Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that agents that bind endo-toxin may mitigate the subsequent cascade, resulting in a decrease in the clinical manifestations of sepsis and improvement in outcome. 1,10,11 murine monoclonal antibody of the IgM class, E5 (XOMA Corp, Berkeley, Calif)wasdevelopedbyimmunizingmice to endotoxin from the J5 mutant of Esch-
Inappropriate Use of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) Test to Exclude Neurosyphilis
Authors: Peter E. Dans, Lee Cafferty, Sharon E. Otter, Robert J. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Only 3 of 2536 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VDRL tests ordered at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1980 were positive. Of patients on whom the test was ordered, 226 had a positive or borderline serum fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test. Records from 156 (69%) of these patients, including all 3 with positive CSF-VDRL tests, were reviewed and showed that the diagnosis of neurosyphilis had been considered only in 44 (28%). One third of records lacked notations of historical and physical findings characteristic of neurosyphilis. Forty seropositive patients who had lumbar puncture to rule out asymptomatic neurosyphilis had negative CSF-VDRL tests; none had neurosyphilis diagnosed. Use of the CSF-VDRL test seemed to represent predominantly "box-checking" on the requisition to rule out neurosyphilis. Yet the test performs better when "ruling in" rather than ruling out neurosyphilis. The Centers for Disease Control should reevaluate its recommendation to rule out neurosyphilis in asymptomatic patients with untreated syphilis of greater than 1 year's duration, given the costs, risks, and dubious benefits.
Influence of Caffeine and Other Inotropic Interventions on the Onset of Unloaded Shortening Velocity in Mammalian Heart Muscle
Authors: ANDREW H. HENDERSON, VICTOR A. CLAES, DIRK L. BRUTSAERT
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The onset of maximum unloaded shortening velocity was measured in cat papillary muscles by analyzing velocity with respect to time and length after zero load clamps imposed at different times. Unloaded shortening velocity rose rapidly to a constant level by 20% of the time to peak force under all conditions studied except with application of 10 m M caffeine, which markedly slowed its onset. Load-clamping experiments showed that the force-velocity-length interrelationship which characterizes shortening remained constant throughout most of shortening except with caffeine, which delayed the onset of steady state. It is suggested that the time course of the force-velocity-length interrelationship usefully describes velocity active state , the onset of which can be measured independently of force generation at zero load. In afterloaded contractions, manifestation of velocity active state may be delayed by the slower time course of force generation which precedes shortening. It is concluded that velocity active state normally rises rapidly to a constant level which describes the contractile state. Caffeine slows the onset of velocity active state, and valid time-independent force-peak velocity curves cannot be obtained in the presence of this drug.
Duration of Abdominal Obesity Beginning in Young Adulthood and Incident Diabetes Through Middle Age
Authors: Jared P. Reis, Arlene L. Hankinson, Catherine M. Loria, Cora E. Lewis, Tiffany Powell-Wiley, Gina S. Wei, Kiang Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To examine whether the duration of abdominal obesity determined prospectively using measured waist circumference (WC) is associated with the development of new-onset diabetes independent of the degree of abdominal adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study is a multicenter, community-based, longitudinal cohort study of 5,115 white and black adults aged 18–30 years in 1985 to 1986. Years spent abdominally obese were calculated for participants without abdominal obesity (WC &amp;gt;102 cm in men and &amp;gt;88 cm in women) or diabetes at baseline (n = 4,092) and was based upon repeat measurements conducted 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years later. RESULTS Over 25 years, 392 participants developed incident diabetes. Overall, following adjustment for demographics, family history of diabetes, study center, and time varying WC, energy intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol, each additional year of abdominal obesity was associated with a 4% higher risk of developing diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.07)]. However, a quadratic model best represented the data. HRs for 0, 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, and &amp;gt;20 years of abdominal obesity were 1.00 (referent), 2.06 (1.43–2.98), 3.45 (2.28–5.22), 3.43 (2.28–5.22), 2.80 (1.73–4.54), and 2.91 (1.60–5.29), respectively; P-quadratic &amp;lt; 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of abdominal obesity was associated with substantially higher risk for diabetes independent of the degree of abdominal adiposity. Preventing or at least delaying the onset of abdominal obesity in young adulthood may lower the risk of developing diabetes through middle age.
An Official American Thoracic Society Systematic Review: The Association between Health Insurance Status and Access, Care Delivery, and Outcomes for Patients Who Are Critically Ill
Authors: Robert A. Fowler, Lori-Anne Noyahr, J. Daryl Thornton, Ruxandra Pinto, Jeremy M. Kahn, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Peter M. Dodek, Nadia A. Khan, Tom Kalb, Andrea Hill, James M. O'Brien, David Evans, J. Randall Curtis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

One in three Americans under 65 years of age does not have health insurance during some portion of each year. Patients who are critically ill and lack health insurance may be at particularly high risk of morbidity and mortality due to the high cost of intensive care.To systematically review the medical and nonmedical literature to determine whether differences in critical care access, delivery, and outcomes are associated with health insurance status.Nine electronic databases (inception to 11 April 2008) were independently screened and abstracted in duplicate.From 5,508 citations, 29 observational studies met eligibility criteria. Among the general U.S. population, patients who were uninsured were less likely to receive critical care services than those with insurance (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.56). Once admitted to the intensive care unit, patients who were uninsured had 8.5% (95% CI, 6.0-11.1) fewer procedures, were more likely to experience hospital discharge delays (OR 4.51; 95% CI, 1.46-13.93), and were more likely to have life support withdrawn (OR 2.80; 95% CI, 1.12-7.02). Lack of insurance may confer an independent risk of death for patients who are critically ill (OR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.33). Patients in managed care systems had 14.3% (95% CI, 11.5-17.2) fewer procedures in intensive care, but were also less likely to receive "potentially ineffective" care. Differences in unmeasured confounding factors may contribute to these findings.Patients in the United States who are critically ill and do not have health insurance receive fewer critical care services and may experience worse clinical outcomes. Improving preexisting health care coverage, as opposed to solely delivering more critical care services, may be one mechanism to reduce such disparities.
Effect of Carrier Protein Priming on Antibody Responses to Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccines in Infants
Authors: Dan M. Granoff, Sandra J. Holmes, Robert B. Belshe, Michael T. Osterholm, Joseph E. McHugh, Edwin L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To assess the effect of priming with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccine (DT) at 1 month of age on the anticapsular polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody responses of infants vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) or PRP oligosaccharide-cross-reactive mutant diphtheria toxin conjugate (HbOC).Randomized controlled trial with serum samples assayed blindly.Healthy infants enrolled in private pediatric practices; 94 (91%) of 103 infants had prevaccination and postvaccination serum samples available for analysis.Two groups received DT vaccination at 1 month of age and subsequent injections of PRP-T or HbOC conjugate vaccines at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The control groups were not vaccinated with DT but received PRP-T or HbOC at the same ages as the carrier-primed groups. Infants in all groups were given a booster injection of unconjugated PRP at 12 months of age to assess induction of immunologic memory.Concentrations of serum antibody to PRP.The DT-primed infants given PRP-T had twofold to threefold higher geometric mean anti-PRP antibody responses after one (P < or = .01), two (P < or = .01), or three (P = .06) doses of conjugate vaccine than the infants of the unprimed group. The primed infants also had threefold higher memory antibody responses to the booster PRP injection given at 12 months of age (concentration of 24.4 vs 8.4 micrograms/mL in infants not primed with DT; P < .01). The DT-primed infants given HbOC had twofold to threefold higher antibody responses after one (P = .07) or two (P < .01) doses of conjugate vaccine than the unprimed HbOC group, but there were no significant differences after the third dose of conjugate vaccine or after the PRP booster injection.Vaccination with DT at 1 month of age increases the magnitude of the anti-PRP antibody responses to conjugate vaccination. With HbOC, the effect of carrier priming was present for up to 6 months of age, whereas in infants vaccinated with PRP-T, enhanced immunity was present for at least 12 months.
Creatine Kinase-MB Elevation in a Patient With Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Gary R. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ELEVATION of creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes in patients with malignancies has been reported. The isoenzyme BB is commonly present in stage D prostate cancer but has also been reported in lung cancer of all histological types. This ectopic CK-BB may migrate to atypical positions on gel electrophoresis, depending on whether it forms complexes with immunoglobulins or other macromolecules. By contrast, the MB isoenzyme is rarely produced ectopically from carcinoma.<sup>1</sup>The patient described herein had a metastatic adenocarcinoma and a CK electrophoretic pattern on cellulose acetate that showed a normal MM peak with a larger peak anodal to the MM peak, in the position normally occupied by the CK-MB isoenzyme. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 66-year-old man was admitted to the Trumbull Memorial hospital with a two-day history of progressive dyspnea and pedal edema. Five months earlier, he had presented with pain in the right hip, weight loss, and a
Mathematics and Computers Science in Biology and Medicine
Authors: A. Barr
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Advances in gastro-enterology have been so rapid that there is every justification for a book on the basic principles of this subject, and even these basic principles take up over 300 pages without details of advanced techniques or the finer points of treatment.The authors have rightly confined themselves to the simple practical essentials of their subject.Covering the field extremely well, they have given a splendidly clear exposition of it, discussing diagnosis and management and adding details of treatment.The authors have been remarkably accu- rate and skilful in including all important points.They have written in a practical and direct style with lucid exposition and a mini- mum of unconfirmed theory.The subjects
A MicroRNA-regulated and GP64-pseudotyped Lentiviral Vector Mediates Stable Expression of FVIII in a Murine Model of Hemophilia A
Authors: Hideto Matsui, Carol Hegadorn, Margareth Ozelo, Erin Burnett, Angie Tuttle, Andrea Labelle, Paul B McCray, Luigi Naldini, Brian Brown, Christine Hough, David Lillicrap
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The objective to use gene therapy to provide sustained, therapeutic levels of factor VIII (FVIII) for hemophilia A is compromised by the emergence of inhibitory antibodies that prevent FVIII from performing its essential function as a cofactor for factor IX (FIX). FVIII appears to be more immunogenic than FIX and an immune response is associated more frequently with FVIII than FIX gene therapy strategies. We have evaluated a modified lentiviral delivery strategy that facilitates liver-restricted transgene expression and prevents off-target expression in hematopoietic cells by incorporating microRNA (miRNA) target sequences. In contrast to outcomes using this strategy to deliver FIX, this modified delivery strategy was in and of itself insufficient to prevent an anti-FVIII immune response in treated hemophilia A mice. However, pseudotyping the lentivirus with the GP64 envelope glycoprotein, in conjunction with a liver-restricted promoter and a miRNA-regulated FVIII transgene resulted in sustained, therapeutic levels of FVIII. These modifications to the lentiviral delivery system effectively restricted FVIII transgene expression to the liver. Plasma levels of FVIII could be increased to around 9% that of normal levels when macrophages were depleted prior to treating the hemophilia A mice with the modified lentiviral FVIII delivery system. The objective to use gene therapy to provide sustained, therapeutic levels of factor VIII (FVIII) for hemophilia A is compromised by the emergence of inhibitory antibodies that prevent FVIII from performing its essential function as a cofactor for factor IX (FIX). FVIII appears to be more immunogenic than FIX and an immune response is associated more frequently with FVIII than FIX gene therapy strategies. We have evaluated a modified lentiviral delivery strategy that facilitates liver-restricted transgene expression and prevents off-target expression in hematopoietic cells by incorporating microRNA (miRNA) target sequences. In contrast to outcomes using this strategy to deliver FIX, this modified delivery strategy was in and of itself insufficient to prevent an anti-FVIII immune response in treated hemophilia A mice. However, pseudotyping the lentivirus with the GP64 envelope glycoprotein, in conjunction with a liver-restricted promoter and a miRNA-regulated FVIII transgene resulted in sustained, therapeutic levels of FVIII. These modifications to the lentiviral delivery system effectively restricted FVIII transgene expression to the liver. Plasma levels of FVIII could be increased to around 9% that of normal levels when macrophages were depleted prior to treating the hemophilia A mice with the modified lentiviral FVIII delivery system.
A Diabetic Doctor Looks at Diabetes: His and Yours
Authors: Julie Toperzer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In this book, Dr Lodewick has made a unique and important contribution to writing in the field of diabetes mellitus. He has done what all physicians who treat diabetic persons should do, and that is to provide detailed, precise, and comprehensive coverage of the information necessary for them to overcome their diabetic condition.  Dr Lodewick not only tells what to do but follows each section with a discussion of how well he has himself succeeded at taking his own advice. Dr Lodewick dares to share the emotional impact that the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus had on his life initially, and the effect that diabetes mellitus has had throughout his life. It is a warm, honest approach, which may help many persons to bring to the surface their own feelings and enable them to achieve an adequate acceptance of their condition in order to begin to cope with it.  The reader