tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using the Risk of Restenosis as a Guide to Triaging Patients Between Surgical and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Richard Kettelkamp, John House, Mukesh Garg, R. Scott Stuart, Aaron Grantham, John Spertus
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI) are strategies for treating coronary disease. Because the principal limitation of PCI is restenosis, CABG might be favored for those at high risk for restenosis. Using a clinical risk score for predicting restenosis, we examined whether patients with higher risks for restenosis were preferentially referred for CABG.A procedural registry of 2320 revascularization patients from whom data on procedure type, demographics, comorbid conditions, health status, vessel anatomy, and outcomes were taken was analyzed. Patients were classified and scored into 3 categories of restenosis risk ranging from 11% to 44%, as defined by 8 preprocedural characteristics. The objective of this study was to describe referral patterns between PCI and CABG in each category of risk. 2060 patients underwent nonemergent revascularization. 1404 of the patients underwent PCI and 656 were treated with CABG. Among the patients at low and intermediate risk for restenosis, twice as many were referred to PCI. Among those at the highest risk, 3-times as many were referred to PCI, resulting in a significant trend for those with the higher risks of restenosis to be preferentially referred to PCI (P=0.015). Similar results were seen when the analysis was restricted to only those with multivessel disease.Patients at higher risk for restenosis were being preferentially treated with PCI as opposed to CABG. These results may have implications for reevaluating current patterns of triaging patients between PCI and CABG, and for the use of drug-eluting stents within PCI patients.
Productivity of Cirrhotic Patients Following Portal Decompression
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE ADVISABILITY of carrying out portal decompression operations on cirrhotic patients has been questioned by many thoughtful doctors. The objection has not been so much over whether the operative mortality rate is low enough to be acceptable or over whether the procedures are truly effective in precluding variceal hemorrhage, for both questions have effectively been answered affirmatively. Rather, it is argued that the cirrhotic liver presages such brief survival anyway that it is unrealistic to carry out a dangerous major operation which can be no more than prophylactic against one of the underlying disease's complications. In addition to having a shortened life, it is sometimes added, the cirrhotic patient very often cannot be made into a productive citizen, no matter what is done for him. Down through the years the cirrhotic has been most unjustly maligned as a useless, often drunken derelict. Although patently inaccurate, this fictional image manages to
Liver Transplantation and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biology: Beginning of the End of the Era of Educated Guesses
Authors: Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Jaffer A. Ajani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.979 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 1, 2016 PMID: 14581443 Liver Transplantation and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biology: Beginning of the End of the Era of Educated Guesses Jean-Nicolas VautheyxJean-Nicolas VautheySearch for articles by this author , Jaffer A. AjanixJaffer A. AjaniSearch for articles by this author Show More Departments of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal, Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.979 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Abstract IA29: Functional genomics, experimental models and cancer
Authors: William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Large scale characterization of cancer genomes has led to information regarding the identify, number, and types of alterations found in human tumors. However, the large number of mutations identified to date require complementary approaches to understand the function of these mutated genes and to elucidate pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression. Over the past several years, we have developed genome scale RNAi libraries and open reading frame expression libraries that permit a systematic evaluation of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance. We have used these tools to dissect known and novel pathways involved in malignant transformation. In particular, we have dissected the signaling pathways related to beta catenin and KRAS, two well-known cancer drivers that have proven difficult to target therapeutically. These approaches have identified new components of these pathways, which may provide a foundation for therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics, experimental models and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA29.
Campath-1H–Induced Complete Remission of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia despite<i>p53</i>Gene Mutation and Resistance to Chemotherapy
Authors: Stephan Stilgenbauer, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with fludarabine results in a higher remission rate and longer progression-free survival than do alkylating agents.1 Patients who have no response to fludarabine have a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 10 months.2 In these patients the anti–CD52 antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H, MabCampath) has recently shown promising results, with an overall response rate of 33 percent.3 The molecular mechanisms of its action and the biologic factors associated with the clinical response are not well defined. A 72-year-old woman was given a diagnosis of CLL, Binet stage A, in August 1997. Because . . .
Effects of In Vitro Electrical Stimulation on Enhancement and Suppression of Malignant Lymphoma Cell Proliferation
Authors: M. Lyte, J. E. Gannon, G. D. O'Clock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The suppression and enhancement of proliferation of mouse EL4 lymphoma cells varied significantly when the cells were electrically stimulated within a narrow range of low-level direct current With the use of platinum electrodes, the suppression characteristics were observed over a narrow range, or window, of direct currents centered at approximately 17 μA. Enhancement characteristics were observed over a broad range of low-level direct currents (approximately 0.1 to 10 μA). These results indicate that the proliferation of certain eukaryotic cells may be directly controlled by stimulation with low-level direct current. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:116–119, 1991]
Cardiac Overaction
Authors: HENRY J. VANDEN BERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 May 1931Cardiac OveractionThe Most Constant and Most Dependable Sign in Thyroid Toxicity*HENRY J. VANDEN BERG, M.D., F.A.C.S.HENRY J. VANDEN BERG, M.D., F.A.C.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-11-1406 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe heart seems to be the first organ to show definitely the effects of thyroid toxicity. With this statement everyone seems to agree. This toxicity is manifested early in the heart action in that the rate is accelerated and the force of the beat is increased. Acceleration of the heart rate is one of the most common physical signs one meets in clinical medicine, whereas cardiac overaction occurs in comparatively few conditions. It may be presumed that all organs and tissues are affected by thyroid toxicity, but none can be so advantageously measured and studied as the heart, both because...* For this technique I am indebted to one of my teachers, Prof. Kovacs of Vienna. Google Scholar** HERRICK JB: "In Defense of the Stethoscope." Annals of Internal Medicine, p. 113, August, 1930. Google Scholar*** VANDEN BERG HJ: "How Long is a Toxic Goiter Toxic?" Western Journal of Surgery, 1930. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HENRY J. VANDEN BERG, M.D., F.A.C.S.Affiliations: Grand Rapids, Michigan*From the Grand Rapids Clinic. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMASKED HYPERTHYROIDISM AS A CAUSE OF HEART DISEASE 1 May 1931Volume 4, Issue 11Page: 1406-1410KeywordsHeartHeart rateThyroidToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Identification of type-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to homologous viral proteins in laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1.
Authors: N V Sipsas, S A Kalams, A Trocha, S He, W A Blattner, B D Walker, R P Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. This approach has favored identification of group-specific CTL responses and precluded assessment of the extent of type-specific CTL responses directed against HIV-1. Using cells expressing viral proteins from the HIV-1 IIIB strain, we performed a detailed characterization of HIV-1-specific CTL response in three laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB. Eight of the epitopes identified were group specific, lying in relatively conserved regions of Gag, reverse transcriptase, and envelope. Three type-specific epitopes were identified, two of them in highly variable regions of envelope. In longitudinal studies in one subject, seven different epitopes and five different restricting HLA class I alleles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of CTL epitopes recognized by this subject over time. Our data demonstrate that type-specific CTL responses make up a significant proportion of the host cellular immune response against HIV-1 and that a broadening of epitope specificity may occur.
1985 Year Book of Surgery
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This effort of Dr Seymour I. Schwartz and his "Five Horsemen" must be considered herculean. The<i>1985 Year Book of Surgery</i>is an extraordinary review of hundreds of the most pertinent 1984 articles from 72 of the world's most prestigious journals. It is extremely well organized, well written, and well illustrated. Dr Schwartz easily continues those standards established for many years by himself and by his predecessors, J. B. Murphy (1901-1916), A. J. Ochsner (1917-1925), Evarts A. Graham (1926-1956), and Michael E. DeBakey (1957-1970). The book begins with a comprehensive overview of all subjects included, effectively whetting the reader's appetite for the detailed material that follows. Each article is carefully abstracted with appropriate illustrations, and in each case readily conveys the results intended by the original publication. The highlight of the work, however, is the continued practice of editorial comment by one of the six editors on each abstract. These
Highlights of 10 years of immunology in Nature Reviews Immunology
Authors: Ruslan Medzhitov, Ethan M. Shevach, Giorgio Trinchieri, Andrew L. Mellor, David H. Munn, Siamon Gordon, Peter Libby, Göran K. Hansson, Ken Shortman, Chen Dong, Dmitry Gabrilovich, Leona Gabryšová, Ashleigh Howes, Anne O'Garra
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2011)
Children on Dialysis
Authors: Robert A. Weiss, Chester M. Edelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

As a result of improved neonatal, pediatric, and urologic care, the number of children surviving with end-stage renal disease is increasing. Each year one or two children per million population require renal-replacement therapy.1 Although successful rehabilitation of these children, in terms of reversal of uremia, growth, education, and psychosocial development, is best achieved by renal transplantation, shortages of donor organs and the limitations of current regimens of immunosuppressive therapy necessitate short-term or long-term dialysis therapy for many of them. Long-term hemodialysis results in reasonably good biochemical control of uremia. However, growth is generally poor; sexual development is delayed; and other . . .
Atypical Abdominal Tuberculosis with Haematological Manifestations
Authors: J. Friend, A. C. Thackray
Journal: BMJ (1952)

To arrive at a proper evaluation of the drugs so far as the splenic enlargement is concerned, a statistical analysis was made of those subjects who had an enlarged spleen at the beginning of the experiment and those who had no such enlargement.The results in the former are similar to the overall figures shown above.In the latter, whose spleen was initially not palpable, all the treated groups showed pre- vention of splenic enlargement in varying degrees (see Table XI).TABLE XI.-Showing the Egect of the Drugs on the Spleen of Patients who had no Initial Splenic Enlargement 1948-9 Experiment 1949-50 Experiment Group No. of Cases Percentage No. of Cases Percentage with No Palp- Showing with No Palp- Showing able Spleen
Medicare and Medical Technology — The Growing Demand for Relevant Outcomes
Authors: Peter J. Neumann, Sean R. Tunis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

In deciding whether to pay for new medical technologies, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is becoming more specific about its requirements for evidence of improved health outcomes in the Medicare population. In our view, this is a positive and overdue step, but one whose rationale and likely consequences must be better understood by the medical community, policymakers, and the public. Expansions of access to health insurance under the health care reform legislation pending in Congress — and resulting financial pressures — would almost certainly intensify the emphasis on more relevant and robust evidence.Health care policymakers have . . .
Physiologic Changes Associated with Prolonged Veno-Arterial Perfusion
Authors: William A. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SIMPLE VENO-ARTERIAL PERFUSION as well as partial or total cardiopulmonary bypass are suggested methods of therapy for acute heart failure. This study was designed to clarify the following requirements for successful application of veno-arterial perfusion: (1) The equipment must be simple, easily assembled, and readily available. (2) The subject must have a potentially reversible illness. (3) The optimal techniques of perfusion must be defined before application of the method. Material and Methods Adult dogs were used as the experimental subjects. Acute pulmonary embolism was selected as a condition satisfying the criterion of being potentially reversible. Mineral oil was used to produce pulmonary embolism. All animals were given heparin intravenously and anesthetized with pentobarbital (Nembutal). Additional heparin and pentobarbital were given as needed to maintain an effective blood level of each agent. A plastic catheter was placed in the left femoral artery, the right femoral artery, and the jugular vein. Records
High hepatic natural killer cell activity in murine lupus.
Authors: D B Magilavy, A D Steinberg, S L Latta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

This study demonstrates a profound elevation of NK activity, as measured by cytotoxicity to YAC-1 targets in a 4-h incubation 51Cr-release assay, of freshly isolated hepatic NPC from both MRL/lpr and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice. This marked increase was not observed in splenic or peripheral blood NK. The hepatic NK were nonadherent, radioresistant, Ly-1-,2-, and AGM1+. Furthermore, biologic response modifiers can further augment hepatic NK activity in these autoimmune strains.
Incidence of Loss of Consciousness during Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shocks
Authors: William H. Kou, Hugh Calkins, Ruth R. Lewis, Steve F. Bolling, Marvin M. Kirsch, Jonathan J. Langberg, Michael de Buitleir, Joao Sousa, Rafel El-Atassi, Fred Morady
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the incidence of loss of consciousness occurring in association with shocks delivered by automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICD) in patients who had undergone implantation as treatment for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Two major tertiary medical care facilities. Patients: A total of 180 patients who had undergone implantation of an AICD for treatment of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Intervention: Implantation of an AICD that delivered only high-energy shock. Measurements: During a mean (± SD) follow-up period of 16 ± 12 months, the incidence of loss of consciousness occurring in association with spontaneous AICD shocks was determined. Various clinical factors were analyzed to identify predictors of loss of consciousness that occurred during AICD shocks. Main Results: Of the 180 patients who received an AICD, 106 patients (59%) experienced AICD shocks during follow-up. Sixteen of the 180 patients (9%) experienced loss of consciousness; 13 of these 16 patients had syncope and 3 died suddenly, in association with AICD shocks. The absence of syncope during one AICD shock did not always predict the absence of syncope during subsequent shocks. Syncope could not be predicted by age, sex, history of syncope, left ventricular function, type of underlying heart disease, electrophysiologic findings, rate of ventricular tachycardia, antiarrhythmic medications, and type of pulse generator implanted. Conclusions: Patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation who receive an AICD that delivers only high-energy shock therapy are at moderate risk for experiencing loss of consciousness during AICD shocks. No clinical variables were found to be predictors of syncope. Therefore, driving and other activities that require patients to be extra vigilant should not be assumed to be safe after implantation of an AICD that delivers only high-energy shock.
Slow progress in tackling alcohol misuse and obesity risks derailing other health gains
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Public health policies in England have helped to improve life expectancy and reduce numbers of deaths from heart disease and cancer, but more needs to be done to tackle alcohol misuse and obesity, says a report published today.

The government’s ambitious public health programme, which started in 1997, has led to major health gains over the past decade, say the Healthcare Commission and the Audit Commission in a joint report.

Between 1996 and 2006 the number of premature deaths from circulatory diseases in people aged under 75 years fell by 45%, and over the same period the number of premature deaths from cancer among the …
Johnson &amp; Johnson appoints Yale project team to run data sharing scheme
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Johnson & Johnson has appointed an independent US body to field requests from researchers for access to its clinical trials data.

Janssen, the pharmaceutical arm of Johnson & Johnson, has entered into an agreement with the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) project at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. The YODA team will make final decisions about all requests for sharing data, including clinical study reports and de-identified patient level data.

Joanne Waldstreicher, chief medical officer at Johnson & Johnson, said in a statement, “We are pleased to collaborate with YODA to ensure that each and every request for access to our pharmaceutical clinical data is reviewed objectively and independently. This represents a …
Marital Stress Worsens Prognosis in Women With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kristina Orth-Gomér, Sarah P. Wamala, Myriam Horsten, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Neil Schneiderman, Murray A. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Psychosocial stress has been associated with incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men, but the prognostic impact of such stress rarely has been studied in women.To investigate the prognostic impact of psychosocial work stress and marital stress among women with CHD.Population-based, prospective follow-up study conducted in the city of Stockholm, Sweden.A total of 292 consecutive female patients aged 30 to 65 years (n = 279 working or cohabiting with a male partner) who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris between February 1991 and February 1994. Patients were followed up from the date of clinical examination until August 1997 (median, 4.8 years).Recurrent coronary events, including cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, and revascularization procedures, by marital stress (assessed using the Stockholm Marital Stress Scale, a structured interview) and by work stress (assessed using the ratio of work demand to work control).Among women who were married or cohabiting with a male partner (n = 187), marital stress was associated with a 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-6. 5) increased risk of recurrent events after adjustment for age, estrogen status, education level, smoking, diagnosis at index event, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, smoking, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and left ventricular dysfunction. Among working women (n = 200), work stress did not significantly predict recurrent coronary events (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8-3.3).Our results indicate that marital stress but not work stress predicts poor prognosis in women aged 30 to 65 years with CHD. These findings differ from previous findings in men and suggest that specific preventive measures be tailored to the needs of women with CHD.
Bioavailable transition metals in particulate matter mediate cardiopulmonary injury in healthy and compromised animal models.
Authors: D L Costa, K L Dreher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Many epidemiologic reports associate ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) with human mortality and morbidity, particularly in people with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infection, asthma). Because much ambient PM is derived from combustion sources, we tested the hypothesis that the health effects of PM arise from anthropogenic PM that contains bioavailable transition metals. The PM samples studied derived from three emission sources (two oil and one coal fly ash) and four ambient airsheds (St. Louis, MO; Washington; Dusseldorf, Germany; and Ottawa, Canada). PM was administered to rats by intratracheal instillation in equimass or equimetal doses to address directly the influence of PM mass versus metal content on acute lung injury and inflammation. Our results indicated that the lung dose of bioavailable transition metal, not instilled PM mass, was the primary determinant of the acute inflammatory response for both the combustion source and ambient PM samples. Residual oil fly ash, a combustion PM rich in bioavailable metal, was evaluated in a rat model of cardiopulmonary disease (pulmonary vasculitis/hypertension) to ascertain whether the disease state augmented sensitivity to that PM. Significant mortality and enhanced airway responsiveness were observed. Analysis of the lavaged lung fluids suggested that the milieu of the inflamed lung amplified metal-mediated oxidant chemistry to jeopardize the compromised cardiopulmonary system. We propose that soluble metals from PM mediate the array of PM-associated injuries to the cardiopulmonary system of the healthy and at-risk compromised host.