tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gulf war syndrome linked to chemical exposure
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two teams of US researchers have linked the range of symptoms experienced by soldiers after military service in the Gulf war to chemical exposure. Both teams report an increased prevalence of various ailments, including neurological injuries, among soldiers sent on active duty compared with those who stayed at home.



Gulf war veterans should receive counselling REX FEATURES



The publication of the research came at the same time as a White House report found no evidence that exposure to chemical weapons had injured the health of American Gulf war veterans. The 12 member presidential panel, which was sharply critical of the Pentagon's investigation of the issue, concluded that a single cause could not be found for the range of ailments afflicting veterans. The report said that battlefield stress was almost certainly a contributing factor but low level exposure to …
Ulcerative Colitis Treated by Total Colectomy and Ileo-rectal Anastomosis
Authors: S. Aylett
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Air continued to be troublesome, and I think has taken longer to remove than it should have done, because of the inefficient artificial-pneumothorax apparatus.We were fortunate that there was no recurrence, or perhaps at most only a slight recurrence, of bleeding.If this had occurred again I think transfusion and surgical treatment would have been needed."Full re-expansion occurred during the following 10 days, and he returned to his unit for duty.
The Impact of Unprotected T Cells in RNAi-based Gene Therapy for HIV-AIDS
Authors: Elena Herrera-Carrillo, Ying Poi Liu, Ben Berkhout
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

RNA interference (RNAi) is highly effective in inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by the expression of antiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in stably transduced T-cell lines. For the development of a durable gene therapy that prevents viral escape, we proposed to combine multiple shRNAs against highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 RNA genome. The future in vivo application of such a gene therapy protocol will reach only a fraction of the T cells, such that HIV-1 replication will continue in the unmodified T cells, thereby possibly frustrating the therapy by generation of HIV-1 variants that escape from the inhibition imposed by the protected cells. We studied virus inhibition and evolution in pure cultures of shRNA-expressing cells versus mixed cell cultures of protected and unprotected T cells. The addition of the unprotected T cells indeed seems to accelerate HIV-1 evolution and escape from a single shRNA inhibitor. However, expression of three antiviral shRNAs from a single lentiviral vector prevents virus escape even in the presence of unprotected cells. These results support the idea to validate the therapeutic potential of this anti-HIV approach in appropriate in vivo models. RNA interference (RNAi) is highly effective in inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by the expression of antiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in stably transduced T-cell lines. For the development of a durable gene therapy that prevents viral escape, we proposed to combine multiple shRNAs against highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 RNA genome. The future in vivo application of such a gene therapy protocol will reach only a fraction of the T cells, such that HIV-1 replication will continue in the unmodified T cells, thereby possibly frustrating the therapy by generation of HIV-1 variants that escape from the inhibition imposed by the protected cells. We studied virus inhibition and evolution in pure cultures of shRNA-expressing cells versus mixed cell cultures of protected and unprotected T cells. The addition of the unprotected T cells indeed seems to accelerate HIV-1 evolution and escape from a single shRNA inhibitor. However, expression of three antiviral shRNAs from a single lentiviral vector prevents virus escape even in the presence of unprotected cells. These results support the idea to validate the therapeutic potential of this anti-HIV approach in appropriate in vivo models.
The Impact of Treatment Noncompliance on Mortality in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Craig J. Currie, Mark Peyrot, Christopher Ll. Morgan, Chris D. Poole, Sara Jenkins-Jones, Richard R. Rubin, Christopher M. Burton, Marc Evans
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To assess the association of compliance with treatment (medication and clinic appointments) and all-cause mortality in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were extracted from U.K. general practice records and included patients (N = 15,984) who had diagnostic codes indicative of type 2 diabetes or who had received a prescription for an oral antidiabetic agent and were treated with insulin. Records in the 30 months before the index date were inspected for clinical codes (recorded at consultation) indicating medication noncompliance or medical appointment nonattendance. Noncompliance was defined as missing more than one scheduled visit or having at least one provider code for not taking medications as prescribed. Relative survival postindex date was compared by determining progression to all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Those identified as clinic nonattenders were more likely to be smokers, younger, have higher HbA1c, and have more prior primary care contacts and greater morbidity (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Those identified as medication noncompliers were more likely to be women (P = 0.001), smokers (P = 0.014), and have higher HbA1c, more prior primary care contacts, and greater morbidity (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, medication noncompliance (hazard ratio 1.579 [95% CI 1.167–2.135]), clinic nonattendance of one or two missed appointments (1.163 [1.042–1.299]), and clinic nonattendance of greater than two missed appointments (1.605 [1.356–1.900]) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Medication noncompliance and clinic nonattendance, assessed during routine care by primary care physicians or their staff, were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.
Italians fail to overturn restrictive reproduction law
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The goal of this study was to investigate whether targeted α-therapy can be used to successfully treat macrotumors, in addition to its established role for treating micrometastatic and minimal disease. We used an intravenous fractionated regimen of α-radioimmunotherapy in a subcutaneous tumor model in mice. We aimed to evaluate the absorbed dose levels required for tumor eradication and growth monitoring, as well as to evaluate long-term survival after treatment. <b>Methods:</b> Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors (50 mm<sup>3</sup>, NIH:OVCAR-3) were injected repeatedly (1–3 intravenous injections 7–10 d apart, allowing bone marrow recovery) with <sup>211</sup>At-MX35-F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> at different activities (close to acute myelotoxicity). Mean absorbed doses to tumors and organs were estimated from biodistribution data and summed for the fractions. Tumor growth was monitored for 100 d and survival for 1 y after treatment. Toxicity analysis included body weight, white blood cell count, and hematocrit. <b>Results:</b> Effects on tumor growth after fractionated α-radioimmunotherapy with <sup>211</sup>At-MX35-F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> was strong and dose-dependent. Complete remission (tumor-free fraction, 100%) was found for tumor doses of 12.4 and 16.4 Gy. The administered activities were high, and long-term toxicity effects (≤60 wk) were clear. Above 1 MBq, the median survival decreased linearly with injected activity, from 44 to 11 wk. Toxicity was also seen by reduced body weight. White blood cell count analysis after α-radioimmunotherapy indicated bone marrow recovery for the low-activity groups, whereas for high-activity groups the reduction was close to acute myelotoxicity. A decrease in hematocrit was seen at a late interval (34–59 wk after therapy). The main external indication of poor health was dehydration. <b>Conclusion:</b> Having observed complete eradication of solid tumor xenografts, we conclude that targeted α-therapy regimens may stretch beyond the realm of micrometastatic disease and be eradicative also for macrotumors. Our observations indicate that at least 10 Gy are required. This agrees well with the calculated tumor control probability. Considering a relative biological effectiveness of 5, this dose level seems reasonable. However, complete remission was achieved first at activity levels close to lethal and was accompanied by biologic effects that reduced long-term survival.
Chemical and Biological Warfare: A Personal Point of View
Authors: Jim Caruso
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Targeted α <sub>1A</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression Induces Enhanced Cardiac Contractility but not Hypertrophy
Authors: Fang Lin, W. Andrew Owens, Songhai Chen, Mary E. Stevens, Scott Kesteven, Jane F. Arthur, Elizabeth A. Woodcock, Michael P. Feneley, Robert M. Graham
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Activation of the α 1A -adrenergic receptor (α 1A -AR)/Gq pathway has been implicated as a critical trigger for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. However, direct evidence from in vivo studies is still lacking. To address this issue, transgenic mice with cardiac-targeted overexpression of the α 1A -AR (4- to 170-fold) were generated, using the rodent α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Heterozygous animals displayed marked enhancement of cardiac contractility, evident from increases in dP/dt max (80%, P &lt;0.0001), dP/dt max /LVP inst (76%, P &lt;0.001), dP/dt max :dP/dt min (104%, P &lt;0.0001), and fractional shortening (33%, P &lt;0.05). Moreover, changes in the dP/dt max –end-diastolic volume relationship provided load-independent evidence of a primary increase in contractility. Blood pressure and heart rate were largely unchanged, and there was a small increase in (−)norepinephrine-stimulated, but not basal, phospholipase C activity. Increased contractility was directly related to the level of receptor overexpression and could be completely reversed by acute α 1A - but not β-AR blockade. Despite the robust changes in contractility, transgenic animals displayed no morphological, histological, or echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, apart from an increase in atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, expression of other hypertrophy-associated genes was unchanged. To our knowledge, these data provide the first in vivo evidence for an inotropic action of the α 1A -AR.
Diagnostic Significance of Positive Syphilis Tests
Authors: William A. Schueller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. Nicholas J. Fiumara's reply (223:1167, 1973) to a question regarding  VDRL tests in a 20-year-old virgin woman does not appear to me to be entirely consistent with the information provided in the query. The repeated VDRL tests  in low titer are as consistent with latent syphilis as with a biological false-positive reaction. The FTA-ABS tests were  on two occasions and negative on two others. If truly positive, the FTA-ABS test would confirm a diagnosis of syphilis indicating lumbar puncture and adequate treatment. If truly negative, the FTA-ABS test would rule out syphilis and indicate further investigation, especially in terms of autoimmune disease as Dr. Fiumara suggests. Aside from the unique and recognizable beaded pattern false positive found in lupus erythematosus, 1 the FTA-ABS test is highly specific for syphilis.  Confirmation of the status of the FTA-ABS test and possible use of a second specific
Where Did<i>H pylori</i>Come From?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of proliferation of human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts by mediators important in intestinal inflammation.
Authors: T M Jobson, C K Billington, I P Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

An increase in myofibroblast number may be necessary for wound healing but may also lead to postinflammatory scarring. We have, therefore, studied the role of mediators important in inflammatory bowel disease in regulating proliferation of human colonic myofibroblasts. Using primary cultures of these cells, we have shown increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to platelet-derived growth factor (EC50 = 14 ng/ml), basic fibroblast growth factor (EC50 = 2.2 ng/ml), and epidermal growth factor (EC50 = 1.1 ng/ml). Coulter counting of cell suspensions demonstrated increases in cell number with these growth factors along with insulin-like growth factor-I and -II. In addition the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha produced increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation. IL-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor together produced an increase in [3H]thymidine greater than either agonist alone; this effect was not, however, seen when we examined changes in cell numbers. Finally, we demonstrate a mechanism whereby these responses may be downregulated: vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 microM) elevates cyclic AwMP in these cells 4. 2-fold over control and produces a dose-related inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-driven proliferation with a maximum inhibition of 33% at 1 microM.
A Study of 38 Patients and Their Responses to Guanethidine
Authors: John T. Eagan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Responses to guanethidine were studied in 38 patients with various degrees of hypertension, including 10 with symptoms classified as severe and 4 classified as malignant. The total daily dosage ranged from 10 to 400 mg. and was divided into from 2 to 4 doses per day. Most patients received placebo medication for 8 weeks before commencing the guanethidine and were not informed of the change to guanethidine. Some antihypertensive measures, such as restriction of salt intake, continued from the preliminary period through the guanethidine period. The average fall in the calculated mean blood pressure was 12 mm. Hg recumbent and 28 mm. Hg erect, but there were many individual deviations, including some rises in blood pressure. Side effects also were frequent and varied, but no serious toxic effects were seen.
Diabetes, Glucagon and Growth Hormone
Authors: George F. Cahill, J. Stuart Soeldner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Two major problems facing diabetic patients are microangiopathy, which leads to renal and visual failure, and accelerated atherosclerosis, which results in ischemia in the extremities, myocardium and other organs, such as kidney and brain. The argument over what is inherited and what is secondary to the glucose-insulin pathophysiology continues, but most authorities agree that the microangiopathy is a result of the abnormal metabolic milieu. This is best shown by the temporal relation between the onset of the juvenile type of diabetes and the various "complications." The earliest demonstrable renal lesions have been only found after several years of diabetes, and . . .
Abstract 3521: Alleviation of cancer chemotherapeutic agent-induced toxicity by the synthetic panaxytriol analogues of Panax Ginseng
Authors: Ting-Chao Chou, Huajin Dong, Xiuguo Zhang, Xiaoguang Lei, Samuel J. Danishefsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Therapeutic index (TI) of cancer therapeutic agent is the ratio of maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and the optimal therapeutic dose (OTD). “Reduction in toxicity” and/or “increasing efficacy” by augmentation or synergy will invariably lead to improved TI and patient's well-being during therapy. We found a series of polyacetylene small molecules that is promising just to do that. Through total synthesis, we designed the panaxytriol (PXT) analogs of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, such as PXTA, PXTAI, PXTAEI and its isomers that are biologically more active than their parent natural ingredient, PXT. At sub-toxic doses, the PXT-compounds, as a single entity (e.g., not an extract, mixture or preparation), are found to process the following intriguing pharmacological properties that have potential applications in cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy. They are: (i) Exhibited moderate anti-tumor effect in the absence of any toxicity, and slightly augment or synergize anti-tumor effect of taxol or epothilones, in xenograft tumor bearing nude mice; (ii) Significantly or markedly reduced cancer therapeutic agent-induced toxicity such as body-weight losses (e.g., by Taxol, iso-oxazole fludelone, iso-oxazole dehydelone, 5-FU, cyclophosphamide), lethality (e.g., high dose 5-FU) and neurotoxicity (e.g., peripheral neuropathy induced by Taxol); (iii) Showed moderate anti-inflammatory effect in foot-paw-carrangreenan assays in CD-1 mice; (iv) Improved the hematological parameters following high dose 5-FU; (v) The alleviation of body-weight loss also manifested by the oral administration; (vi) Reduced the radiation-induced body-weight loss in CD-1 mice; (vii) Reduced the lethality of radiation; and (viii) Induced the cancer preventive phase II enzyme, quinone reductase (NQ01). PXT-analogs also stimulated human PBMC proliferation in a biphasic and delayed manner in vitro and stimulated splenocyte proliferation of CD-1 mice in delayed manner, suggesting the immuno-enhancing effect. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that co-administration of PXT-based agent with a range of cancer chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy will decrease various therapy-associated toxicities and thus increase the therapeutic index. These findings indicate a promising improvement for the cancer chemotherapeutic or radiation therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3521. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3521
A recombinant adenovirus encoding hepatitis C virus core and E1 proteins protects mice against cytokine-induced liver damage
Authors: Juan José Lasarte, Pablo Sarobe, Patricia Boya, Noelia Casares, Laura Arribillaga, Ascensión López-Díaz de Cerio, Marta Gorraiz, Francisco Borrás-Cuesta, Jesús Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a strong tendency to evolve to chronicity despite up-regulation of proapoptotic cytokines in the inflamed liver. The mechanisms responsible for persistent viral replication in this inflammatory environment are obscure. It is conceivable that viral replication would be facilitated if the infected hepatocytes are rendered resistant to cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated if an adenovirus encoding HCV core and E1 (RAdCE1) could reduce liver cell injury in different in vivo models of cytokine-mediated hepatotoxicity in mice. We show that RAdCE1 markedly attenuates hepatocellular apoptosis and the increase in serum transaminase levels after concanavalin A (con A) challenge. This protective effect is accompanied by an inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB); reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); decreased hepatic messenger RNA levels of chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10); and abrogation of liver leukocyte infiltration. RAdCE1 also causes a reduction in serum transaminase levels and inhibits hepatocellular apoptosis in mice given tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plus D-galactosamine. In conclusion, HCV structural antigens can protect liver cells against the proapoptotic effects of proinflammatory cytokines. The antiapoptotic status of infected liver cells may represent a mechanism favoring viral persistence. Our findings also suggest that, in chronic hepatitis C, the burden of hepatocellular damage mainly affects noninfected liver cells.
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER ON Tc-99m PYROPHOSPHATE SCANS IN INFARCTED DOGS
Authors: J. Jacobs, N. Alazraki, R. Safarian, K. Murphy, B. Baker, L. Peric-Golia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Jacobs, J.; Alazraki, N.; Safarian, R.; Murphy, K.; Baker, B.; Peric-Golia, L. Author Information
Removal of albumin bound drugs in albumin dialysis (MARS) — a newliver support system
Authors: J. Majcher-Peszynska, S. Klammt, E.-M. Hehl, R. Wacke, P. Peszynski, J. Stange, S. Mitzner, R. Schmidt, B. Drewelow
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)