tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II in rat brain comigrates with authentic angiotensin II in high pressure liquid chromatography.
Authors: M I Phillips, B Stenstrom
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Indirect evidence has implicated a role for central angiotensin II in blood pressure control. To answer directly the question of whether angiotensin II exists in the brain, independent of blood-borne angiotensin, and to quantify the amounts in different parts of the central nervous system, a sensitive radioimmunoassay was used to measure extracts of male adult rat brain hypothalamus and cortex after purification with high pressure liquid chromatography with a high recovery. The fractions coeluted with authentic angiotensin. Rats were nephrectomized bilaterally, and 24 hours later the brains were extracted in acetic acid and boiled. SepPak C-18 purification preceded reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. High pressure liquid chromatography revealed two peaks, one which comigrated precisely with [Ile5] angiotensin II, and another smaller peak which overlapped with [Ile5] angiotensin III. The highest levels were found in the hypothalamus (125 pg/g tissue), pituitary (190 pg/g tissue), spinal cord (199 pg/g tissue), and lower levels were found in cortex (60 pg/g tissue). The results demonstrate that the antibody which was previously used in the immunocytochemical localization of angiotensin in the hypothalamus detects authentic angiotensins. However, the study did not depend on just one antibody. A second antibody which we developed gave the same results. Molecular sieving using Sephadex G-25 with acetic acid revealed a distinct peak in the 1000 MW range and a smaller, higher molecular weight peak which needs further investigation. Spontaneously hypertensive rats did not have higher concentrations of hypothalamic angiotensin II than normotensive rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Canadian doctors admit earning thousands in trial recruitment fees
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Several Canadian doctor have admitted, on condition of anonymity, that they earn tens of thousands of dollars each year by recruiting patients for clinical trials.

The doctors made the revelation in the current issue of the journal of the Canadian Medical Association ( CMAJ doi:10.1503/cmaj.090131). The news article, part of a series on clinical trials that CMAJ will run throughout 2009, says that many doctors are increasingly concerned about the pressure to commercialise research, raising potential conflicts of interest and, for some, ethical quandaries about receiving such money.

One doctor admitted that he was paid …
79 SERUM CYTOKINES AND THE EXPRESSION OF MIRNAS IN THE VISCERAL ADIPOSE OF PATIENTS WITH NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: J.M. Estep, D. Armistead, M. Stepanova, N. Hossain, H. Elarainy, A. Baranova, Z. Goodman, V. Chandhoke, Z. Younossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Expression of insulin-like growth factor II in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: Its relationship with hepatitis B virus antigen expression
Authors: Qin Su, Yan-Fang Liu, Jin-Feng Zhang, Sui-Xiang Zhang, De-Fang Li, Jia-Ji Yang
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Expression of insulin–like growth factor II in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and in hepatitis B, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in 419 cases were investigated, and its relationship with the expression of hepatitis B virus x gene was studied by means of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma cells (SMMC 7721 and QGY 7703) in culture could express insulin–like growth factor II. Expression seemed to be regulated by cell density, which was suggested as the molecular basis of the contact inhibition of cell proliferation. In tissue sections, cells with high expression of insulin–like growth factor II were observed not only in hepatocellular carcinoma (93%) but also in 95% of the pericancerous liver tissues, 72% of cirrhotic livers, 64% of chronic active hepatitis and 37% of chronic persistent hepatitis. in most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, insulin–like growth factor II was localized in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells. in the benign liver disorders, four types of cells that highly expressed insulin–like growth factor II were observed: (a) a kind of small liver cell we named the small polygonal liver cell ; (b) multinuclear giant hepatocytes; (c) hepatocytes in most of hyperplastic and neoplastic nodules, small hepatocyte nodules and some of regenerative nodules; and (d) some proliferating ductular cells. Even more interestingly, insulin–like growth factor II expression was shown to be closely related to the expression of hepatitis B virus x gene product. We suggest that the activation of insulin–like growth factor II gene and its overexpression may be a crucial step in the processes of hepatitis B virus—associated hepatocarcinogenesis and that the x gene product may activate the insulin–like growth factor II gene through a transactivation mechanism. in addition, we studied the characteristics of small polygonal liver cells , and the roles they may play in the regeneration and carcinogenesis of hepatitis B virus—infected liver are discussed. (Hepatology 1994;19:788-799).
The role of endotoxin in protection of adult rats from oxygen-induced lung toxicity.
Authors: L Frank, J Yam, R J Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Adult rats show evidence of severe lung damage after 72h of continuous exposure to hyperoxia (96-98% O2). Treatment of adult rats with a solution of Plasmanate, inadvertently contaminated with endotoxin-producing organisms, or with purified endotoxin itself markedly altered the lung toxicity associated with hyperoxic exposure (survival in treated animals = 110/113 [97%] versus survival in untreated animals = 56/172 [33%]). After 72h of hyperoxic exposure, the endotoxin-treated rats demonstrated significant increases in lung superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, a protectant enzyme response not seen in untreated adult rats. The basis for endotoxin's protective effect from hyperoxic lung damage is believed to be related to the stimulated increase in activity of the pulmonary antioxidant enzyme defense system. Some previously known actions of endotoxin are speculated to also serve a protective function by opposing some of the usual detrimental effects of high concentrations of O2 on the lung.
Next-generation mTOR inhibitors in clinical oncology: how pathway complexity informs therapeutic strategy
Authors: Seth A. Wander, Bryan T. Hennessy, Joyce M. Slingerland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a PI3K-related kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival via mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. The mTOR pathway is often aberrantly activated in cancers. While hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and DNA damage restrain mTORC1 activity, multiple genetic events constitutively activate mTOR in cancers. Here we provide a brief overview of the signaling pathways up- and downstream of mTORC1 and -2, and discuss the insights into therapeutic anticancer targets — both those that have been tried in the clinic with limited success and those currently under clinical development — that knowledge of these pathways gives us.
Abstract 5154: Fatty acids mediated regulation of cancer metabolism
Authors: Bahar Salimian Rizi, Deepak Nagrath
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although fatty acids have been shown to modulate progression, growth and invasiveness of cancer cells, it remains unclear how saturated and unsaturated fatty acids affect metabolic reprogramming of aggressive and nonaggressive cancer metabolism. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fatty acids induce differential competitive effects on glucose oxidation in aggressive and nonaggressive ovarian cancer cells. Normal cells rely mainly on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for their required energy supply, however, cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis pathway for their energetic need. We hypothesized that high fat diet could deregulate this metabolic alteration in cancer cells. Such as glucose, fatty acids are an influential source of ATP, energy currency, within a cell. In our study, using metabolic footprinting we studied the affect of both saturated (stearic and palmitic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and oleic) on glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle. Moreover, we also studied the effect of glucose on fatty acid oxidation, uptake and endogenous fatty acid synthesis. Metabolic flux analysis was done for comparative metabolic profiling under various nutritional conditions. We observed that fatty acids differentially regulate highly invasive ovarian cancer (SKOV3 and SKOV3ip) cells than less invasive ovarian cancer (OVCAR3) cells. Interestingly, we found strong effect of fatty acids on glycolysis in less invasive cancer cells. In contrast, our study showed that glucose has dominant effect on aggressive cells compared to less aggressive cells. Our studies emphasize the role of fatty acids in ovarian cancer growth, invasion and migration and underlie the need to develop therapy based on high fat diet synergistically with existing chemotherapeutics and cancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5154. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5154
Abrupt Diabetic Coma with Extreme Hyperglycaemia
Authors: C. Elkes
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Exceptionally high blood sugars in coma have been recorded both in this country and in America.The highest figures quoted by Joslin (Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, 7th ed., Henry Kimpton) are 1,850 mg. per 100 c.cm. in a case of Dillon and Dyer's which recovered, and 2,060 mg. in a fatal case reported by Lawrence.The following case in which the blood sugar rose to 1,960 mg., occurring in a young woman with no previous history of diabetes, is of interest.Case History
First‐line therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: Past, present, and future
Authors: Carolina Pavlovsky, Hagop Kantarjian, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

The development of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors has dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Standard-dose imatinib (400 mg/day in chronic phase, 600 mg/day in advanced CML) now dominates the management of this disease, producing considerably higher hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular response rates than seen with previous drug therapies. However, although many patients respond well to standard-dose imatinib initially, some patients do not achieve adequate levels of response or discontinue therapy because of resistance. One approach to improving treatment response with first-line imatinib may be to increase the imatinib dose (800 mg/day), although recent trial data indicate that overall increases in response rates may be modest. Newer Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors can induce responses in patients with all phases of imatinib-resistant CML, even those with imatinib-resistant mutations in the BCR-ABL gene. Furthermore, in initial studies, first-line dasatinib or nilotinib treatment has produced response rates that compare favorably with historical controls treated with imatinib, although confirmation is required from head-to-head clinical trials. Future clinical approaches may include drug combinations, which may allow quiescent leukemia stem cells to be eradicated. Further improvements in drug treatment for first-line CML are expected during the next few years.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: trends in use and outcomes
Authors: David Schnell, Jean-François Timsit, Michael Darmon, Aurélien Vesin, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Anne-Sylvie Dumenil, Maite Garrouste-Orgeas, Christophe Adrie, Lila Bouadma, Benjamin Planquette, Yves Cohen, Carole Schwebel, Lila Soufir, Samir Jamali, Bertrand Souweine, Élie Azoulay
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer
Authors: Seiichiro Abe, Ichiro Oda, Haruhisa Suzuki, Satoru Nonaka, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Tomoyuki Odagaki, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Ryoji Kushima, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Intramucosal undifferentiated early gastric cancer (EGC) up to 2 cm in size without ulceration has been treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) because the incidence of lymph node metastasis is negligible. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the short-term and long-term outcomes of ESD carried out to treat undifferentiated EGC.Between January 1999 and September 2011, 113 patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma on preoperative biopsy underwent ESD. In 16 patients differentiated EGC had been diagnosed after the ESD and these patients were excluded from the study. Short-term outcomes were evaluated in the remaining 97 patients with undifferentiated EGC, and long-term outcomes analyzed in the 79 patients with undifferentiated EGC who had undergone ESD between 1999 and 2008.En bloc and R0 resection were achieved in 99.0 % and 90.7 % of patients, respectively. Median procedure time was 45 minutes. Postoperative bleeding, perforation during the procedure, and delayed perforation were noted in 4.1 %, 3.1 %, and 1.0 % respectively. Curative resection was achieved in 63.9 %. Additional surgery was performed in 21 of 35 patients in whom resection was noncurative: one (4.8 %) had local residual tumor and two (9.5 %) had lymph node metastases. Of the 46 /79 patients in the long-term outcome group who had curative resection, none had local recurrence or lymph node or distant metastasis during a median follow-up of 76.4 months. The 5-year overall mortality rate after curative resection was 7.0 %, and no patient died of gastric cancer.ESD for undifferentiated EGC can achieve curative resection with an excellent 5-year mortality rate.
Infections among Patients in Nursing Homes
Authors: Richard A. Garibaldi, Susan Brodine, Sego Matsumiya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract We performed one-day surveys in seven skilled-care nursing homes in order to evaluate their infection-control policies and to determine the prevalence of infections among their residents. Infection-control programs were not well developed at any of the homes surveyed. We noted high patient-to-staff ratios, staffing by nonprofessional personnel, frequent job turnover, infrequent compensation for employee sick leave, and no general policies on immunization of patients or staff. The prevalence of infections among 532 patients was 16.2 per cent. Infected decubitus ulcers, conjunctivitis, symptomatic urinary-tract infections, and lower-respiratory tract infections were the most common types. Eighty-five per cent of patients with indwelling urinary catheters had asymptomatic bacteriuria; many were colonized with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Clustering of cases of upper-respiratory-tract infections, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, and specific types of bacteriuria suggested that localized outbreaks of infections occurred frequently. The high prevalence of infectious diseases and clustering of cases may reflect an increased susceptibility of patients in nursing homes to infections, high employee turnover, or lack of attention to infection-control practices. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:731–5.)
Incidence and risk factors for mortality in paediatric severe sepsis: results from the national paediatric intensive care registry in Japan
Authors: Nobuaki Shime, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Osamu Saito, Yoko Akamine, Yuichiro Toda, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Hiroko Sugimura, Yoshio Sakurai, Masatoshi Iijima, Ikuya Ueta, Naoki Shimizu, Satoshi Nakagawa
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Lead Poisoning From a Curtain Weight
Authors: Eugene Blank
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Four percent of all American children and almost 20% of black American children from poor homes have elevated blood lead levels.<sup>1</sup>Sources of lead include old lead-based paint, lead-glazed pottery, lead in dust and topsoil, factory and automobile fumes, some traditional medicines and cosmetics, and burned battery casings.<sup>1</sup>The neatly hanging drapes that reach the floor in many homes are another potential source. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 2-year-old girl was lethargic and had been vomiting for two days. She had been "griping about food" for two months and was "not herself." She had fever off and on for two weeks. She was born with gastroschisis but had developed normally since its repair. At admission she weighed 10.4 kg (10th percentile). Pulse rate was 128 beats per minute; respirations, 24/min; and BP, 100/ 70 mm Hg. She had a gastrostomy scar and a puckered umbilicus.
Effect of an oral iron chelator or iron-deficient diets on uroporphyria in a murine model of porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Nadia Gorman, Adrian Zaharia, Heidi S. Trask, Juliana G. Szakacs, Nicholas J. Jacobs, Judith M. Jacobs, Dominic Balestra, Jacqueline F. Sinclair, Peter R. Sinclair
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Porphyria cutanea tarda is a liver disease characterized by elevated hepatic iron and excessive production of uroporphyrin (URO). Phlebotomy is an effective treatment that probably acts by reducing hepatic iron. Here we used Hfe(-/-) mice to compare the effects on hepatic URO accumulation of two different methods of hepatic iron depletion: iron chelation using deferiprone (L1) versus iron-deficient diets. Hfe(-/-) mice in a 129S6/SvEvTac background were fed 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which results in hepatic URO accumulation, and increasing doses of L1 in the drinking water. Hepatic URO accumulation was completely prevented at low L1 doses, which partially depleted hepatic nonheme iron. By histological assessment, the decrease in hepatic URO accumulation was associated with greater depletion of iron from hepatocytes than from Kupffer cells. The L1 treatment had no effect on levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2). L1 also effectively decreased hepatic URO accumulation in C57BL/6 Hfe(-/-) mice treated with ALA and a CYP1A2 inducer. ALA-treated mice maintained on defined iron-deficient diets, rather than chow diets, did not develop uroporphyria, even when the animals were iron-supplemented either directly in the diet or by iron dextran injection.The results suggest that dietary factors other than iron are involved in the development of uroporphyria and that a modest depletion of hepatocyte iron by L1 is sufficient to prevent URO accumulation.
Dangers of Hypnosis
Authors: Milton H. Ivens
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The hands on my wristwatch showed 1 AM as I left the elevator in a local hotel. Outside, in the hallway, several excited women waited to guide me to a room a short distance down the corridor. As I entered the room, I saw a rather frail young woman of about 25 years, lying on the floor unconscious. We lifted her to a couch and I examined her. Her heart rate and blood pressure were normal... reflexes seemed normal. Both pupils were equal but widely dilated. Her eyelids remained closed as soon as I released them. She was "shivering" as if cold. No odor of alcohol was on her breath. Mentally, I went over the causes of unconsciousness: alcohol, acidosis (diabetes) epilepsy injury opiates or other poisons uremia None of these seemed to fit the picture. I listened as some of her
TREATMENT OF NEURASTHENIA.
Authors: J. G. BILLER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

I suppose we all recognize the fact that there never can be any ready-made, hand-me-down treatment for neurasthenia. When we consider neurasthenia from an etiological standpoint, and then attempt from this consideration to evolve a rational treatment that will not only cure the patient but at the same time make him or her comfortable enough to live until the cure is effected, we certainly have ample food to satisfy our appetite for conundrums. It is all very well to say that the principal causes of neurasthenia are toxin, malnutrition, fatigue, or emotions, and that the treatment depends upon the cause. This of course is so, but it is just as true that we may have a patient that is long on causes and has a neurasthenia that is caused by all of these conditions combined, and this is not all, as the nervous system governs and controls all the organs
GP networks could be answer to integrated care, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A vision of future care in which general practices collaborate and absorb the budgets of community and social care to create “family care networks” offering wider services, closer to home, has been championed by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund.

The aim, it says in a new report,1 would be to combine the traditional role of primary care at the heart of the NHS with a new architecture of healthcare delivery fit for an ageing population with a changing disease burden.

The recipe can be summarised as “GP federations plus.” The Royal College of General Practitioners has long championed the idea of general practices forming federations or networks, pooling resources and expertise to improve care. The new report allies this to the idea of integrated care, suggesting that the networks should also take over community care, parts of social care, and even some specialist care, leaving hospitals to deliver only the most specialised and complex services.

To …
A piece of my mind. The legacy
Authors: J. C. Cozart
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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Surrogate mother refuses to give up baby
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Police are considering a possible charge of obtaining money by deception against a 29 year old British surrogate mother who refused to hand over a baby commissioned by a childless couple.

Angela Richardson was arrested and released on bail by Derbyshire police after a complaint from Greg and Deborah White from Claverton in Somerset. The divorced mother of …