tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Error in Flucytosine Dosage?
Authors: DON C. MCLEOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1973Error in Flucytosine Dosage?DON C. MCLEOD, M.S. PHARM.DON C. MCLEOD, M.S. PHARM.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-6-978 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There is a potentially serious error in the package insert for the new antifungal agent, flucytosine. The serum half-life is said to be from 4 to 8 hours, and a total, daily dose of 50 to 150 mg/kg body weight is recommended. The insert recommends using a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight in renal impairment. This recommendation does not consider the great range of "renal impairment" found clinically. It is known that 90% of the oral flucytosine dose is recovered unchanged in the urine. The quoted serum half-life of 4 to 8 hours was apparently...References1. KOECHLINRUBIOPALMER BFS: The metabolism of 5-fluorocytosine-2-14-C and of cytosine-14-C in the rat and the disposition of 5-fluorocytosine-2-14-C in man. Biochem Pharmacol 15:435-446, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SCHöNEBECK J: Studies on 5-fluorocytosine and its relation to Candida albicans. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 11:35-48, 1972 Google Scholar3. DETTLISPRINGRYTER LPS: Multiple dose kinetics and drug dosage in patients with kidney disease. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol [Suppl] (Kbh) 3:211-224, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Drug Information Center Department of Pharmacy Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHypourikämie 1 June 1973Volume 78, Issue 6Page: 978-979KeywordsAntifungalsBody weightHalf lifeUrine Issue Published: 1 June 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Use of Fiberoptics in Clinical Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: WALTER J. GAMBLE, PAUL G. HUGENHOLTZ, R. GRIER MONROE, MICHAEL POLANYI, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Intracardiac blood oxygen saturation was determined in 31 patients, at cardiac catheterization, by means of a fiberoptic in vivo hemoreflection system, giving an immediate report. When compared to in vitro spectrophotometric analysis of samples obtained through a second catheter, a standard error of estimate of only 1.99-per cent saturation (r = 0.966) was found for the higher speed instrument (response time 0.07 second) and 1.13-per cent saturation (r = 0.992) for the slower instrument (response time 1.5 seconds). The average of the standard deviations of saturation values in cardiac chambers in which no primary mixing occurred, was only 0.88-per cent saturation. The continuous recording of oxygen saturation while moving the catheter, permits measurements at multiple sites within a brief period of time (14 to 26 seconds through the right side of the heart). Oxygen saturation changes can be continuously monitored under changing conditions, such as exercise. Finally, the higher speed instrument permits investigation of changes in oxygen saturation in patients with congenital heart disease within portions of the cardiac cycle.
TCT-790 Impact of Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair on Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Antonio H. Frangieh, Christiane Gruner, Fran Mikulicic, Felix Tanner, Roberto Corti, Jürg Grünenfelder, Dominique Bettex, Oliver Gaemperli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
CDC Planners: Resourcefulness Essential
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

OF SOME $600 billion in total health care expenditures in the United States this year, the amount available through state and local agencies for public health programs is approximately $60 billion— 1% of the total—according to Dennis Tolsma, the CDC's assistant director for public health practice. Quite a bit more must come from the federal government. That's one reason he has his job, Tolsma says—he is "a sort of vice president for strategic planning, to help the agency think through what the next decade is going to require from us to strengthen public health in America." Tolsma says the Institute of Medicine report entitled "The Future of Public Health" and a report of the President's National Commission on AIDS both "expressed alarm" and "pointed to a lot that's disconcerting" about the public health infrastructure. "The sense is that all is not what the public thinks it is, that people are
New findings in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1981)

"Tight" control of blood glucose shows promise for reducing the visual complications of juvenile diabetes, according to preliminary results of two studies presented at the recent meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in Atlanta. One investigator stressed, however, that he saw no "miraculous" reversals of diabetic retinopathy in patients receiving continuous insulin injections from a portable pump. This is in conflict with several recent case reports of such regression. In another report also dealing with the visual complications of diabetes, ophthalmologic surgeons from the Bascom-Palmer Eye Institute in Miami described several factors that influence the outcome of vitrectomy carried out to remove vitreous opacities in retinopathic eyes. Until the results of a recently begun investigation become available, their retrospective analysis of 1,500 cases provides the best current guidelines for determining which patients have the greatest chance of benefiting from this procedure. <h3>Glucose Control.—</h3> There long has been a dispute
CD8-depleted donor leukocyte transfusions for cytomegalovirus antigenemia in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with allogeneic CD34+ cell transplantation
Authors: Hirokazu Okumura, Takashi Yoshida, Hideyuki Takamatsu, Yasuhiro Mochizuki, Minoru Takeshima, Shigeki Ohtake, Tsunehisa Ikeno, Shinobu Nakamura, Shinji Nakao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

A 24-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received an allogeneic CD34+ cell transplant from an HLA-mismatched sibling because of refractory disease. The CD34+ cells were enriched by the immunomagnetic method. One month after the transplant his situation became complicated due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia, which was resistant to treatment with ganciclovir. He was treated with CD8+ cell-depleted donor lymphocyte transfusions (CD8-depleted DLT). After CD8-depleted DLT, the CMV antigenemia disappeared completely. This case report suggested that CD8-depleted DLT was an effective therapy for CMV antigenemia after allogeneic CD34+ cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 65:278–280, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
880-3 Histopathological characteristics of edge restenosis after intracoronary brachytherapy for in-stent restenosis
Authors: Masaharu Okada, Hideo Tamai, Eisho Kyo, Kunihiko Kosuga, Tatsuhiko Hata, Takuji Nakamura, Shinya Fujita, Takafumi Tsuji, Shinsaku Takeda, Nobutoyo Masunaga, Katsuyuki Hasegawa, Seiichiro Motohara, Hiromu Uehata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
ERC Demonstration of Biliary Fistula and Subphrenic Abscess
Authors: M. Sassaris, M. Ruth, K. Janardan, F. Hunter
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

We describe a case of recurrent subphrenic abscess, with persistent biliary fistula, six years after the initial injury. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) was instrumental in establishing the diagnosis, and identifying the location and extent of the abscess.
Structural profiles of TP53 gene mutations predict clinical outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an international collaborative study
Authors: Ken H. Young, Karen Leroy, Michael B. Møller, Gisele W. B. Colleoni, Margarita Sánchez-Beato, Fábio R. Kerbauy, Corinne Haioun, Jens C. Eickhoff, Allen H. Young, Philippe Gaulard, Miguel A. Piris, Terry D. Oberley, William M. Rehrauer, Brad S. Kahl, James S. Malter, Elias Campo, Jan Delabie, Randy D. Gascoyne, Andreas Rosenwald, Lisa Rimsza, James Huang, Rita M. Braziel, Elaine S. Jaffe, Wyndham H. Wilson, Louis M. Staudt, Julie M. Vose, Wing C. Chan, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner
Journal: Blood (2008)
The High Bridges
Authors: Jane A. McAdams
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In your otherwise passable commentary on suicides among physicians (<b>194</b>:1257, 1965) reference was made to the San Francisco Bay bridge as an instrumental route to suicide. Actually, you mean the Golden Gate bridge. Hardly anyone uses the Bay Bridge ever (or, hardly ever), despite the fact that it is possible for a San Franciscan to commit suicide free, whereas on the Golden Gate bridge he must pay a toll. On the Bay Bridge, the toll is collected on the Oakland side, making it expensive to the Oaklander. On the Golden Gate bridge it costs 25¢ just to get onto the bridge, regardless of what happens later.
MicroRNAs: New tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Silvia Giordano, Amedeo Columbano
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Many studies have shown that they play a crucial role in driving organ and tissue differentiation during embryogenesis and in the fine-tuning of fundamental biological processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Growing evidence indicates that their deregulation plays an important role in cancer onset and progression as well, where they act as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. In this review, we highlight the most recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by analyzing the possible mechanisms by which they contribute to this neoplasm. Moreover, we discuss the possible role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers, a field that needs urgent improvement in the clinical surveillance of HCC, and the fascinating possibility of using them as therapeutic targets or drugs themselves.
Use of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament in the strong heart study. Risk factors for clinical neuropathy.
Authors: J M Sosenko, Y H Sparling, D Hu, T Welty, B V Howard, E Lee, D C Robbins
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: We used the Semmes-Weinstein 5.07 monofilament to assess the prevalence of foot insensitivity and its relationship to potential risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 3,638 American Indian participants from Arizona, North and South Dakota, and Oklahoma who attended a study clinic on two occasions: baseline and follow-up, 4 years later. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at the visits for those who had not previously been diagnosed as having diabetes. A total of 2,051 participants were diagnosed with diabetes before the study or at the subsequent study visits. At the follow-up visit, participants were tested for their ability to sense the 5.07 (10 g) monofilament at 10 sites of the foot. The prevalence of foot insensitivity was ascertained, and its relation to characteristics of participants was assessed in both univariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Diabetic participants had a much higher prevalence of foot insensitivity (defined as greater than or equal to five incorrect responses) than nondiabetic participants (14 vs. 5%, respectively). However, marked foot insensitivity was uncommon within the first few years of diagnosis of diabetes. Among the diabetic participants, those diagnosed before study entry had the highest prevalence of foot insensitivity. The prevalence of foot insensitivity was highest in the Arizona Indians (22 vs. 9% in the Dakotas and 8% in Oklahoma). In a logistic regression analysis, foot insensitivity was significantly and independently related to center (Arizona versus others), age, duration of diabetes, and height. CONCLUSIONS: Marked foot insensitivity is prevalent in the diabetic American Indian population, especially in Indians in Arizona; however, this insensitivity is apparently uncommon for several years after the diagnosis of diabetes. The data show that Indians with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to the risk of foot ulceration and that the diagnostic screening of diabetes may lead to better prevention of sensory neuropathy and subsequent foot ulceration.
Abstract 4981: PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation drives expression of the immune inhibitory ligand PD-L1 in NSCLC.
Authors: Kristin Lastwika, Willie Wilson, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite the development of targeted drug therapies, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Targeting immune checkpoints altered in cancer, such as the T cell inhibitory receptors programmed death 1 (PD-1) or CTLA4, represent promising new approaches to lung cancer treatment. Here we investigated the relationship of activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and expression of the immune suppressive ligand, PD-L1, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cell lines with mutations in KRas, EGFR, BRaf, ALK or RET had high levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation as well as increased expression of PD-L1. Cell lines that lacked these mutations had low PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation and less PD-L1 expression. In murine cell lines derived from tobacco carcinogen (NNK)-induced lung tumors, high levels of active Akt correlated with high PD-L1 expression. Agonists of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation such as EGF or the carcinogen NNK, as well as knockdown of PTEN or induction of Kras induced PD-L1 expression. Conversely, treatment of high PD-L1 expressing NSCLC cell lines with inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002), AKT (triciribine) or mTOR (rapamycin) decreased PD-L1 expression. These inhibitors decreased PD-L1 protein levels, but did not alter PD-L1 mRNA. Rapamycin-mediated PD-L1 loss was partially blocked by pre-treatment with a lysosomal, but not a proteosomal inhibitor. In vivo, increased expression of PD-L1 and activation of mTOR was an early event after exposure to NNK and was blocked by rapamycin. To test the efficacy of blocking PD-1 while reducing the expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissue, rapamycin and a murine anti-PD-1 receptor antibody were administered to A/J mice bearing syngeneic lung tumor xenografts. The combination decreased the tumor growth rate to a greater degree than either agent alone and decreased mTOR pathway signaling, PD-L1 expression, and increased cleaved caspase 3. Tumor associated activated CD8+ T cells were also increased in the tumors. These data support a relationship between activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, PD-L1 expression and the development of an immune resistant phenotype in lung cancer. Combination regimens using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors may enhance the efficacy of immune therapies targeting PD-1. Citation Format: Kristin Lastwika, Willie Wilson, Phillip A. Dennis. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation drives expression of the immune inhibitory ligand PD-L1 in NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4981. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4981
Ultrafine Particles Cross Cellular Membranes by Nonphagocytic Mechanisms in Lungs and in Cultured Cells
Authors: Marianne Geiser, Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser, Nadine Kapp, Samuel Schürch, Wolfgang Kreyling, Holger Schulz, Manuela Semmler, Vinzenz Im Hof, Joachim Heyder, Peter Gehr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

High concentrations of airborne particles have been associated with increased pulmonary and cardiovascular mortality, with indications of a specific toxicologic role for ultrafine particles (UFPs; particles < 0.1 microm). Within hours after the respiratory system is exposed to UFPs, the UFPs may appear in many compartments of the body, including the liver, heart, and nervous system. To date, the mechanisms by which UFPs penetrate boundary membranes and the distribution of UFPs within tissue compartments of their primary and secondary target organs are largely unknown. We combined different experimental approaches to study the distribution of UFPs in lungs and their uptake by cells. In the in vivo experiments, rats inhaled an ultrafine titanium dioxide aerosol of 22 nm count median diameter. The intrapulmonary distribution of particles was analyzed 1 hr or 24 hr after the end of exposure, using energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy for elemental microanalysis of individual particles. In an in vitro study, we exposed pulmonary macrophages and red blood cells to fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (1, 0.2, and 0.078 microm) and assessed particle uptake by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Inhaled ultrafine titanium dioxide particles were found on the luminal side of airways and alveoli, in all major lung tissue compartments and cells, and within capillaries. Particle uptake in vitro into cells did not occur by any of the expected endocytic processes, but rather by diffusion or adhesive interactions. Particles within cells are not membrane bound and hence have direct access to intracellular proteins, organelles, and DNA, which may greatly enhance their toxic potential.
Intravenous Drug Abusers and HIV in North Carolina
Authors: Terence Chorba
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent article by Peterman and Curran<sup>1</sup>underscored the importance of education in efforts to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the absence of a vaccine. Of the more than 27 000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in adults and adolescents reported to the Centers for Disease Control to date, 17% occurred in persons whose primary risk factor was intravenous drug abuse.<sup>2</sup>In a recent study of 345 intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in California,<sup>3</sup>only 1.7% were found to have antibodies to HIV. By contrast, antibodies to HIV were detected in 87% of persons in a drug detoxification program in New York City in 1984.<sup>4</sup>This letter presents the findings of a screening program for antibody to HIV for high-risk persons in an area of low prevalence. <h3>Study. —</h3> Durham County is a community of 160 000 in north central
Giant cell angiofibroma of the orbit and eyelid
Authors: Nobutsugu Hayashi, Gary Borodic, James W Karesh, Michael J Tolentino, Heidi D Remulla, Robert A Van Wesep, Hans E Grossniklaus, Frederick A Jakobiec, W.Richard Green
Journal: Ophthalmology (1999)

PurposeTo report the clinicopathologic features of a newly recognized tumor, giant cell angiofibroma.DesignObservational case series.Main outcome measuresClinical and histopathologic features of giant cell angiofibroma.MethodsLight and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of five cases of giant cell angiofibroma.ResultsA total of five patients (4 women and 1 man) are described: two presented with a painless mass in the eyelid, two with a mass in the orbit, and one presented with a conjunctival lesion. All lesions were well demarcated with no capsule and were composed of blood vessels, a patternless spindle-shaped cell proliferation with a solid and pseudovascular appearance, and multinucleated giant cells. Both spindle-shaped and giant tumor cells were intensely positive for CD34 and vimentin.ConclusionGiant cell angiofibroma resembles solitary fibrous tumor and giant cell fibroblastoma and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle-cell tumors in the eyelid, orbit, and conjunctiva.
Abnormal Captopril Renogram in a Patient Without Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: RETTA E. PELSANG, KARIM REZAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Captopril renal scintigraphy is a well-known noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension. The authors present a case of a patient with malignant hypertension whose captopril renal scintigraphy suggested bilateral and equal renovascular hypertension. His renal angiogram, however, demonstrated no renal artery stenosis or abdominal aortic atherosclerotic disease. False-positive captopril renal scintigraphy has been reported but can usually be attributed to the patient's hypotensive episode after captopril administration, volume or salt depletion, or chronic glomerulonephropathy. This patient demonstrated mild blood pressure changes after captopril administration and was not volume or salt depleted. His creatinine was 1.6 mg/dl on admission but demonstrated appropriate renal function on subsequent noncaptopril renal scintigraphy.
Evidence for the cell-surface localization of antigens cross-reacting with the “mitochondrial antibodies” of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Iraj Ghadiminejad, Harold Baum
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Studies with subfractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by differential centrifugation showed only two primary biliary cirrhosis-specific antigens. These antigenic species were shown, using preabsorption studies, to have determinants cross-reactive with their mammalian counterpart. Distribution profiles of marker enzymes and primary biliary cirrhosis antigens between sucrose density gradient subcellular fractions of yeast showed that a relatively high concentration of primary biliary cirrhosis-specific antigens was associated with fractions containing plasma membranes, as well as those containing mitochondria. The possible cell-surface localization of the primary biliary cirrhosis antigens was further investigated using an indirect immunofluorescent technique on a number of different mammalian cells. Rat hepatoma cells, isolated rat hepatocytes and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes stained positively with primary biliary cirrhosis sera, but not with normal sera or primary biliary cirrhosis sera preabsorbed with beef heart mitochondria. However, blood cells from primary biliary cirrhotic patients gave positive immunofluorescence in all tests, which is compatible with prior binding of the patients' own antimitochondrial antibodies to the surface of the cells.
Proper benchmark for drug prescribing needs to be found
Authors: U. E Reinhardt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—At the risk of annoying my Canadian friends who reported the influence of direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising and patients' requests on prescribing,1 I would point out two studies published in JAMA . Firstly, Allison et al found that doctors at major teaching hospitals properly prescribed![Graphic][1]</img>blockers (and other drugs) more frequently than did doctors at minor teaching hospitals and non-teaching hospitals.2 For ![Graphic][2]</img>blockers, for example, major … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Disparities in the Use of Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Mary E. Charlson, John P. Allegrante
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Osteoarthritis is a common, chronic, and degenerative disease of the joints. It afflicts more than 16 million people in the United States and is one of the leading causes of long-term disability.1 It is the most prevalent chronic condition among women.2 Although osteoarthritis is not preventable, the pain and disability that result from severe disease can be reduced dramatically through the surgical implantation of artificial joints.During the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in total joint arthroplasty. Outcomes research has shown that total joint replacement can restore patients with severe, end-stage disease of the knee to pain-free . . .