tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Glycosylation Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis through Adhesion to Galectins in the Metastatic Niche
Authors: Nathan E. Reticker-Flynn, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Although dissemination of tumor cells likely occurs early in tumorigenesis, the constituents of the microenvironment play essential rate-limiting roles in determining whether these cells will form clinically relevant tumors. Recent studies have uncovered many molecular factors that contribute to the establishment of a protumorigenic metastatic niche. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3, whose expression has clinical associations with advanced malignancy and poor outcome, contributes to metastatic niche formation by binding to carbohydrates on metastatic cells. We show that galectin-3 is expressed early during tumorigenesis by both CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) and CD11b(+)Ly-6C(hi) leukocytes. Tumors mobilize these myeloid populations through secretion of soluble factors, including IL6. We find that metastatic cancer cells exhibit elevated presentation of the oncofetal galectin-3 carbohydrate ligand, the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, on their surfaces as a result of altered C2GnT2 and St6GalNAc4 glycosyltransferase activity that inhibits further glycosylation of this carbohydrate motif and promotes metastasis.Although clinical observations of elevated serum galectin-3 levels and altered glycosylation have been associated with malignancy, we identify novel roles for glycosyltransferases in promoting adhesion to galectins in the metastatic niche. This identification of a cytokine-leukocyte-glycosylation axis in metastasis provides mechanistic explanations for clinical associations between malignancy and aberrant glycosylation.
In memoriam Professor Dick Orie
Authors: D. Postma, P. Quanjer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

the respectable age of 91 years.We commemorate a colleague who made a memorable impression on anyone who met him.His intellect, wit, charm and his profound and warm interest in the person with whom he talked, as well as the topic that he discussed, will be remembered by us all.His Dutch colleagues in pulmonology are indebted to him for a better treatment of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a sound and stimulating scientific research atmosphere, from which we all benefited.
Treating Tobacco Dependence: State of the Science and New Directions
Authors: Caryn Lerman, Freda Patterson, Wade Berrettini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Despite almost two decades of intensive tobacco control efforts, nearly one quarter of Americans continue to smoke. The two United States Food and Drug Administration-approved medications used to treat tobacco dependence, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy, are effective for only a fraction of smokers. Investigations of medications approved for affective disorders and other forms of substance abuse, such as fluoxetine and naltrexone, have yielded mixed results as tobacco dependence treatments. A particular challenge in tobacco dependence treatment is the development of effective approaches for smokers with unique needs, such as cancer patients and pregnant women. Despite new developments in these areas, significant gaps in knowledge and practice remain. Basic research in the neurobiologic and genetic basis of nicotine dependence offers promise for the development of novel and more effective treatment approaches. For example, emerging research in pharmacogenetics explores how genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug targets modifies response to pharmacotherapy. These discoveries could someday help practitioners to individualize the type, dosage, and duration of tobacco dependence treatment based on genotype, and maximize the efficacy.
Assessment of transmural extent of radiofrequency ablation with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Timm Dickfeld, Ritsushi Kato, Muz Zviman, E.R. Rodriguez, Glenn Meininger, Lars Lickfett, Ariel Roguin, Krysti M. Frank, Ronald D. Berger, Hugh Calkins, Henry Halperin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Patterns of Care Related to Age of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Sheldon Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We performed a chart review study to determine whether physicians provided less vigorous treatment for elderly patients with breast cancer than for younger patients. Seven hospitals, varying with respect to size, medical school affiliation, and patient socioeconomic status participated in this study. Patterns of breast cancer care were compared with a set of branching logic standards in the form of a criteria map. A chart-based comorbidity index was developed to control for the influence of coexisting diseases on cancer management. Logistic regression analysis of 374 breast cancer cases revealed that both patient age and comorbidity status significantly and independently affected treatment. Among stage I and II patients with no or very mild comorbid disease, 96% of those aged 50 to 69 years received appropriate surgery vs 83% of patients aged 70 years and older. We conclude that physicians may manage patients with this highly treatable disease according to chronologic age without regard for physiological condition and that this age bias may result in a less favorable prognosis than could be achieved using currently recommended therapy.The authors conducted a retrospective chart review to investigate whether breast cancer patients' physiological or chronological age determined the vigor with which they were treated. When co-morbid conditions, functional status, tumor stage, and the type and size of treating hospital were controlled, age itself was statistically significant in determining treatment. More older patients (70 years and older) received less than optimal treatment than did younger ones (50 to 69 years). The authors conclude that age bias may contribute to a less favorable prognosis than can be achieved using currently recommended therapy.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Awake Patients as Bridge to Lung Transplantation
Authors: Thomas Fuehner, Christian Kuehn, Johannes Hadem, Olaf Wiesner, Jens Gottlieb, Igor Tudorache, Karen M. Olsson, Mark Greer, Wiebke Sommer, Tobias Welte, Axel Haverich, Marius M. Hoeper, Gregor Warnecke
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients who are awake and spontaneously breathing may represent a novel bridging strategy toward lung transplantation (LuTx).To evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with the "awake ECMO" concept as bridge to transplantation.We performed a retrospective, single-center, intention-to-treat analysis of consecutive LuTx candidates with terminal respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure receiving awake ECMO support. The outcomes were compared with a historical control group of patients treated with conventional mechanical ventilation (MV group) as bridge to transplant.Twenty-six patients (58% female; median age, 44 yr; range, 23-62) were included in the awake ECMO group and 34 patients (59% female; median age, 36 yr; range, 18-59) in the MV group. The duration of ECMO support or MV, respectively, was comparable in both groups (awake ECMO: median, 9 d; range, 1-45. MV: median, 15 d; range, 1-71; P = 0.25). Six (23%) of 26 patients in the awake ECMO group and 10 (29%) of 34 patients in the MV group died before a donor organ was available (P = 0.20). Survival at 6 months after LuTx was 80% in the awake ECMO group versus 50% in the MV group (P = 0.02). Patients in the awake ECMO group required shorter postoperative MV (P = 0.04) and showed a trend toward a shorter postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.06).ECMO support in patients who are awake and nonintubated represents a promising bridging strategy, which should be further evaluated to determine its role in patients with end-stage lung disease awaiting LuTx.
HDL Composition Predicts New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Per-Henrik Groop, Merlin C. Thomas, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, Vashti Mills, Mats Rönnback, Stephen Thomas, Carol Forsblom, Maria-Rita Taskinen, Giancarlo Viberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

yslipidemia is independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 1 diabetes (1,2).In this article, we report the specific lipid abnormalities associated with new-onset CVD in an enriched cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study design and selection criteria have been previously described (3,4).Briefly, 153 patients with type 1 diabetes were recruited in the U.K. from the Diabetes outpatient clinics at Guy's and King's College Hospitals (n ϭ 75) and in Finland from the Helsinki University Central Hospital (n ϭ 78).Patients were recruited to represent differing degrees of urinary albumin excretion and matched for duration of diabetes and glycemic control.Participants were then followed for a median of 8.8 years, during which time they received standard medical care, including lipid-lowering agents where indicated.Full methods of baseline examination have been published elsewhere (3-6).Briefly, clinical data were obtained from patient records including age, sex, diabetes onset, duration of diabetes, medication history, and the presence of microvascular complications.Lipids and lipid fractions were estimated in fasting samples and processed as previously described (3-6).The
Failure of an Antihistamine Drug to Influence the Course of Experimental Human Burns
Authors: S. Sevitt, J. P. Bull, C. N. D. Cruickshank, D. MacG. Jackson, E. J. L. Lowbury
Journal: BMJ (1952)

TENDENCIESBMsi 57 choice can lie in only one direction if the profession is to retain an honoured place in the community.The British Medical Association, with its far-flung interests and its con- siderable influence, is well fitted and equipped to meet any challenge which threatens the rectitude of the profession.With unity of purpose, unshakable confidence, and sound medical statesmanship, success can be assured, for we yield to none in our devotion to our profession.Meanwhile "Let us, then, be up and doing.With a heart for any fate Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labour and to wait.
Proangiogenic Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Asthma
Authors: David E. Simcock, Varsha Kanabar, Graham W. Clarke, Brian J. O'Connor, Tak H. Lee, Stuart J. Hirst
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Asthmatic airways have an increased number and size of vascular structures, which contribute to airflow obstruction and hyperresponsiveness.Objectives: We examined whether proangiogenic mediators are elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subjects with asthma and if this translated to induction of angiogenesis.Methods: Angiogenic activity in BALF from 12 healthy, nonatopic subjects and 10 atopic subjects with mild asthma was evaluated by examining tubule formation at 11 days in cocultures of human endothelial cells with dermal fibroblasts. Vascular structures were visualized by anti-CD31 labeling and quantified by image analysis. Angiogenic growth factors in BALF from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma were identified using antibody arrays and by ELISA.Measurements and Main Results: Angiogenic activity induced by BALF from healthy subjects was not different from basal tubule formation (p > 0.05). However, induction of tubular structures by asthmatic BALF was 2.5-fold greater (p < 0.001) compared with healthy samples. Similarly, levels of proangiogenic growth factors (angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], monocyte chemotactic protein-1) were increased approximately 2.5-fold (p < 0.05) in BALF from subjects with asthma, whereas antiangiogenic factors (endostatin, Ang-2) were unchanged. A blocking anti-VEGF antibody abolished tubule formation induced by BALF from either healthy subjects or subjects with asthma (p < 0.01). Immunodepletion of VEGF had no effect on basal tubule formation induced by healthy BALF but abrogated enhanced tubule formation by asthmatic BALF (p < 0.01).Conclusions: BALF collected from subjects with asthma but not healthy subjects is functionally active in promoting angiogenesis in vitro. The proangiogenic capacity of BALF from subjects with asthma resides in elevated VEGF derived from asthmatic airways. This observation supports VEGF as a key factor in vascular remodeling in asthma.
The Domino Principle
Authors: Ronen Jaffe, Doron Zahger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

A 65-year-old woman collapsed on the street and was brought to the emergency room. No witnesses or family members were available to give further details. On arrival the patient was stuporous and could not communicate. She was not in respiratory distress. Her blood pressure was 75/35 mm Hg without pulsus paradoxus, her heart rate was 85 beats per minute and regular, and her temperature was 35.5°C.This woman appears to be in hemodynamic shock. The differential diagnosis at this stage is broad. The main categories I would consider are hemorrhagic shock (possibly due to internal hemorrhage from, for . . .
Primary Lymphosarcoma of the Mammary Gland
Authors: Paul Jernstrom
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Knock Out, Knock In, Knock Down — Genetically Manipulated Mice and the Nobel Prize
Authors: John P. Manis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Susan Dymecki on gene modification in mice and the 2007 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. (07:02)Download In Stockholm this fall, the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi for their discoveries of "principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells." The methods they developed make possible exquisitely detailed studies of the function of almost any gene in a living animal. Given the high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes, this technology of gene manipulation has important clinical implications.The concept of genetically engineering a mouse is straightforward: devise a specific genetic modification in a chromosome of embryonic . . .
STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALL
Authors: Richard M. Krause, Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Lysis of trypsinized Group A streptococcal cell walls with phage-associated lysin releases into solution dialyzable and non-dialyzable mucopeptide fractions composed of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid and alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and glycine in addition to the characteristic group-specific carbohydrate. The latter substance contains appreciable amounts of N-acetylmuramic acid and the amino acids as well as N-acetylglucosamine and rhamnose. Hot formamide extraction of the cell walls results in a soluble fraction of group-specific carbohydrate and an insoluble residue. The Group A carbohydrate in this instance is composed of rhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine. The composition of the insoluble residue is similar to that of the mucopeptide fractions released from the cell wall by phage-associated lysin. This residue was shown by electron microscopy to be composed of discrete discs which appear similar in structure to the intact cell wall. The specific carbohydrate obtained by hot formamide extraction of Group A-variant cell walls was composed almost exclusively of rhamnose. The residue fraction was similar to that of Group A. The residue of cell walls extracted with hot formamide is extensively solubilized not only by phage-associated lysin and S. albus enzyme, but also by lysozyme, which has no measurable effect on the intact streptococcal cell wall.
Antiarrhythmic Properties of Chlordiazepoxide
Authors: RICHARD A. GILLS, HAROLD THIBODEAUX, LOUIS BARR
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The reported effectiveness of chlordiazepoxide in depressing the central nervous system led us to test this agent against cardiac arrhythmias induced by digitalis and coronary occlusion. The digitalis studies were performed in Dial-urethane anesthetized cats by monitoring: (1) ECG, (2) femoral arterial blood pressure, (3) right ventricular contractile force, and (4) spontaneous activity in cardiac sympathetic nerves. Chlordiazepoxide (3.6-39.5 mg/kg i.v.) converted established ventricular arrhythmias induced by deslanoside to regular sinus rhythms in nine of the 12 animals studied. Conversion was associated with depression of deslanoside-induced sympathetic nerve firing. Chlordiazepoxide was ineffective against similar arrhythmias produced in eight spinal-sectioned cats. The coronary occlusion studies were performed in unanesthetized dogs 1 day after two-stage ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. The ECG was recorded and all dogs exhibited ventricular ectopic beats. Chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg i.v.) produced a significant reduction in the number of abnormal beats, a significant increase in sinus beats, and a significant degree of cardiac slowing. The effect of chlordiazepoxide on the antiarrhythmic and central nervous system effects of lidocaine was also tested in this preparation. Pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide enhanced the antiarrhythmic effect and prevented the neurotoxic effect of lidocaine. These results support our hypothesis that drugs which depress the central nervous system may be effective for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. These results also demonstrate the potential benefit of combining chlordiazepoxide with lidocaine in antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
A testing time
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Education is a modern obsession. Even we bought sticky alphabet letters for the children’s bath. But the toddler merely proceeded to eat and choke on the foam, while the older children amused themselves writing expletives for our dinner guests. Now it is back to school, and seemingly all future happiness and wealth rests solely on a university degree. At the same time, new childhood diagnoses have ballooned: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and dyslexia. Dyslexia is especially common, and parents often say, “Get him [or her] tested, …
Dapsone-Trimethoprim for Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: GIFFORD S. LEOUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

All patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia seen at the San Francisco General Hospital between November 1984 and April 1985 were evaluated for oral treatment with dapsone (100 mg/d) plus trimethoprim (20 mg/kg body weight X d). All 15 patients who met the entry criteria improved clinically and radiographically within 3 to 10 days after starting treatment. Repeat pulmonary function tests and gallium lung scans after 3 weeks of therapy also showed improvement. Although side effects occurred in 14 patients, in only 2 were they severe enough to require stopping therapy. Both of these patients had worsening skin rash, and dapsone-trimethoprim therapy was stopped after 10 days. When compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine used to treat P. carinii pneumonia in similar patients, oral dapsone-trimethoprim is at least as effective, seems to be better tolerated, and may have a lower frequency of serious side effects.
The Scientific Basis of Orthopaedics
Authors: Clinton L. Compere
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Each of the 14 chapters of<i>The Scientific Basis of Orthopaedics</i>presents an up-to-date basic review of an important segment of the problems involved in musculoskeletal trauma and disease. The orientation is vastly different from most orthopedic publications; there is planned omission of differential diagnosis, therapies, and surgical techniques. The majority of the information will be of little practical use for the clinical orthopedic surgeon, but each and every chapter contains vital information for educators and those involved in research. The latest techniques, such as electron microscopy, are used to provide outstanding illustrations in the chapters on the cell and tetracycline labeling in regard to bone remodeling. The chapter on calcium and phosphorus metabolism is an excellent concise review that will be of interest to residents and other orthopedic practitioners. It is unfortunate that the copy of the publication sent to me for review had been misprinted. My copy begins
Cardiovascular Lesions in Arachnodactyly
Authors: EDWIN M. GOYETTE, PAUL W. PALMER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The cardiovascular lesions in 34 cases of Marfan's syndrome which were studied post mortem are reviewed. Recent reports show that the most common and most important lesion is cystic necrosis of the media which results in aneurysmal formations of the ascending aorta. The aneurysm may be fusiform and the aortic ring dilated, producing a marked aortic insufficiency, or there may be a dissecting aneurysm, either recent or chronic. Valvular lesions are common but probably not important. Septal defects are occasionally encountered but are not functionally significant.
Reply from Authors re: Riccardo Bartoletti, Tommaso Cai. Prostate Biopsies Should Be Performed According to a Standard of Care. Eur Urol 2013;63:528–9
Authors: Florian Wagenlehner, Edgar van Oostrum, Peter Tenke, Zafer Tandogdu, Mete Çek, Magnus Grabe, Björn Wullt, Robert Pickard, Kurt G. Naber, Adrian Pilatz, Wolfgang Weidner, Truls E. Bjerklund-Johansen
Journal: European Urology (2012)
GMC drops case of alleged research misconduct against orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The function of nuclear-localized mitochondria remains unknown. We found that mitochondria assembled dense particles to fragment and disperse into the particles, which reassembled to initiate nuclear formation and development. Individually-formed nuclei in one single cell were joined together by mitochondrial fragmentation concurrently partitioning cytoplasm to form an intranuclear inclusion (INC), whose creation was not related to herniation or invagination of the cytoplasm. Along with the nuclear transition of a mitochondrion and its neighboring counterparts, the organelle included itself in the nucleus to become nuclear mitochondrion through peripherally assembling of dense particles. New medium reversed the nuclear formation of the organelles to recovery and re-establishment via the return of the particles, which consisted of dense microvesicles (MIVs).
1035 THE EFFECT AND PREDICTIVE MODEL OF SHORT-TERM DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY IN ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC PRE-LIVER FAILURE (PRE-ACLF)
Authors: X. Zhang, L. Jiang, J. You, J. Peng, Y. Liu, H. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Wang, B. Xu, Q. Mao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)