tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Induced Ventricular Fibrillation on Ventricular Performance and Cardiac Metabolism
Authors: ROBERT L. REIS, LAWRENCE H. COHN, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The effects of induced ventricular fibrillation on ventricular performance and cardiac metabolism were studied in dogs. When ventricular fibrillation was induced by a brief 7.5-v a-c stimulus and allowed to persist spontaneously for one hour, no significant effects on subsequent cardiac function were apparent. An increase in myocardial oxygen consumption and a decrease in coronary vascular resistance occurred during the period of fibrillation. When ventricular fibrillation was maintained by constant a-c stimulation, however, immediate and significantly deleterious effects on cardiac performance resulted. Coronary vascular resistance rose; myocardial oxygen consumption increased, but the increase was significantly less than in animals in which fibrillation persisted without electrical stimulation. Anerobic glycolysis ensued, leading to lactate accumulation in coronary venous blood. The small a-c current used to maintain ventricular fibrillation impairs oxygen utilization, interferes with oxygen availability, and has a markedly deleterious effect on cardiac performance. A more satisfactory method of dependably maintaining the heart in ventricular fibrillation is needed before induced ventricular fibrillation can be safely employed to arrest cardiac contraction for prolonged periods during open cardiac operations.
Mechanisms of transcellular transport of wheat germ agglutinin-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles in Caco-2 cells
Authors: Qingxiang Song, Lei Yao, Meng Huang, Quanyin Hu, Qin Lu, Bingxian Wu, Hong Qi, Zhengxing Rong, Xinguo Jiang, Xiaoling Gao, Jun Chen, Hongzhuan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Mitral Valve Disease in the Light of Surgical Treatment
Authors: G. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY WITH HEPARIN -.JouwQkL~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tained above 20 minutes; if the patient tended to bruise easily or had a considerably raised venous pressure; and in elderly patients with lax inelastic subcutaneous tissues.Local reactions were minim ized by the use of an isotonic solution of heparin mixed with 1 % procaine and by applying firm pressure over the injection site, but the development of haematomata prevented further administration of heparin in 25% of the cases.Of the 37 cases 35 suffered no further thrombo- embolic incidents, one patient died after a clinically typical recurrent myocardial infarction, and another experienced a mild recurrent infarction despite adequate prolongation of the coagulation times.We are grateful to Dr. R. Powell and to Evans Medical Supplies Ltd. for generous supplies of beparin (pularin) and for a grant to defray the expense of this work.We also wish to
TCT-276 Culprit lesion phenotype may depend on lesion location in patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction: TAMI-R study
Authors: Sang-Wook Kim, Wang-Soo Lee, Gary Mintz, JeeEun Kwon, EunYoung Kim, KwangJe Lee, CheeJeong Kim, TaeHo Kim, Neil Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intrathecal Morphine for Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesia
Authors: Alfred Tung
Journal: JAMA (1980)

INTRATHECAL morphine injection for relief of cancer pain was recently shown by Wang et al<sup>1</sup>to be effective and safe. To our knowledge, its use for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia has not been reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old man was admitted to the Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, and referred to the Pain Control Clinic in January 1980 for treatment of abdominal pain. A diagnosis of inoperable carcinoma of the pancreas had been confirmed at laparotomy six months earlier. His pain occurred mainly on the right side of the abdomen and had increased in severity to the extent that he required an intramuscular (IM) injection of morphine sulfate, 10 mg every four hours, for control of the pain. Since this patient's condition had been diagnosed as terminal cancer, he was included in a clinical trial involving the use of intrathecal morphine for pain relief. On two separate occasions (three
Rich nations should pay more to developing countries
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The World Health Organization called this week for more resources to fight HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and to improve maternal and child health in a global push to halve extreme poverty by 2015.

The appeal to wealthy nations came a day after the Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs delivered a report to the United Nations secretary general, Kofi Annan, entitled Investing in Development , about how to salvage efforts to achieve the millennium development goals. Interim reports published in …
Infectious Diseases and Injuries in Child Day Care
Authors: Stephen B. Thacker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To provide pertinent background information on infectious diseases and injury in child day care and outline measures to address these health care needs.We reviewed published English-language literature identified through a MEDLINE bibliographic search, major literature summaries, and bibliographies from identified articles.Child day-care settings reviewed included family child care homes, centers, special facilities for ill children, and facilities for children with special needs.Primarily children in a variety of day-care settings, often compared with children cared for at home.The occurrence of outbreaks and illness related to infectious disease and injury.Compared with preschool-aged children reared at home, among children in day care the risk of some infectious diseases was two to four times greater. Rates of both intentional and unintentional injuries in day-care settings were somewhat lower than those for children cared for at home.Because preschool-aged children spend increasing time in structured day-care settings, the risk for some infectious diseases has increased. At the same time, child day-care settings present opportunities for ensuring healthier children through enhanced development, safer environments, better nutrition, increased vaccination coverage, and health promotion.
Radioguided Reoperative Parathyroidectomy for Persistent Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ashley Cayo, Herbert Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a case of reoperative radioguided parathyroidectomy in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. A 58-year-old man presented to our center with persistent hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism after 2 previous parathyroid explorations at an outside facility. Despite the use of preoperative and intraoperative localization, identification of the hyperfunctioning gland was unsuccessful during the initial operations. Because of the continued presence of symptoms, the patient was referred to our center for reoperation. Repeat Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scan showed an inferior right parathyroid adenoma. With the intraoperative guidance of a hand-held gamma probe, an enlarged parathyroid gland was localized on the spine behind the esophagus on the right, and successfully removed. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone testing confirmed a surgical cure. The use of radioguidance and intraoperative parathyroid hormone testing were essential to the successful resection. The patient remained disease-free at follow-up.
Stroke care is improving in England but not in Wales, audit shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A growing number of people in England who have had a stroke are being cared for in specialised stroke units, but no similar improvement has occurred in Wales, says the report of a national audit published this week. The report also warns that waiting times for a brain scan and for starting treatment remain longer than guidelines recommend.

The 2006 national sentinel audit for stroke is the latest in a two yearly review of stroke care being funded by the Healthcare Commission, the independent body that assesses quality of care in the NHS. The audit was carried out by the Royal College of Physicians on behalf of the Intercollegiate Stroke Group and included all eligible hospitals in England and Wales.

The results showed that the proportion of patients receiving care in a specialist stroke unit had risen. In 2006 nearly two-thirds (62%) of patients were admitted to a stroke unit at some point in their stay in hospital stay, whereas the percentage in 2004 was 46%. Fifty four per cent spent more than half …
Control of Basal Insulin Secretion, with Special Reference to the Diagnosis of Insulinomas
Authors: R. C. Turner, N. W. Oakley, J. D. N. Nabarro
Journal: BMJ (1971)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Whole genome sequencing (WGS) for public health surveillance and epidemiological investigation of foodborne pathogens predominantly relies on sequencing platforms that generate short reads. Continuous improvement of long-read nanopore sequencing such as Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) presents a potential for leveraging multiple advantages of the technology in public health and food industry settings, including rapid turnaround and onsite applicability in addition to superior read length. However, evaluation, standardization and implementation of the ONT approach to WGS-based, strain-level subtyping is challenging, in part due to its relatively high base-calling error rates and frequent iterations of sequencing chemistry and bioinformatic analytics. Using an established cohort of <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis isolates for subtyping evaluation, we assessed the technical readiness of ONT for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) of a major foodborne pathogen. By multiplexing three isolates per flow cell, we generated sufficient sequencing depths under seven hours of sequencing for robust subtyping. SNP calls by ONT and Illumina reads were highly concordant despite homopolymer errors in ONT reads (R9.4.1 chemistry). <i>In silico</i> correction of such errors allowed accurate allelic calling for cgMLST and allelic difference measurements to facilitate heuristic detection of outbreak isolates. Our study established a baseline for the continuously evolving nanopore technology as a viable solution to high quality subtyping of <i>Salmonella</i>, delivering comparable subtyping performance when used standalone or together with short-read platforms.
Down's syndrome. Recent trends in the United States
Authors: M. M. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The crude incidence of Down's syndrome (DS) in the United States is currently about 1/1,000 births. Reduction in the proportion of births to women 35 years and older can account for a halving of the estimated percentage of DS births to this age group and a drop in the estimated crude incidence of DS from 1.33/1,000 births in 1960 to 0.99/1,000 births in 1978. Epidemiologic studies suggest that among women 35 years and older, the risk of having a child with DS has not changed. With the present distribution of maternal ages, prenatal diagnosis among women 35 years and older can result in no more than a 20% decrease in the crude incidence of DS. With continued use of prenatal diagnosis among older gravidas, upward of 80% of DS births will occur to younger mothers.
New Mexico's mutilated hand. Finger mutilation and polydactylism in North American Indian rock art
Authors: K. F. Wellmann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A North American Indian pictograph of a mutilated hand, painted before 1671 AD, and a prehistoric petroglyph portraying polydactylism— both found in New Mexico—are illustrated. For cultural reasons, especially in connection with death and disease, finger amputation was widespread among early populations in many regions of the world. By contrast, polydactylism, which has a low incidence at the many rock art sites in North America, has an unknown significance, and probably paralleled the incidence of the anomaly in Indian populations.
Simple Optical Methods for the Recognition of Atrial Flutter.
Authors: David A. Rytand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Simple Optical Methods for the Recognition of Atrial Flutter.David A. Rytand, M.D., F.A.C.P., Gene R. Profant, M.D.David A. Rytand, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Gene R. Profant, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-907_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDifferentiation of atrial flutter from paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block is especially difficult at relatively slow atrial rates, leading some to regard these two arrhythmias as identical. Difficulties persist even when the selected electrocardiographic lead demonstrates atrial activity clearly, undisturbed by ventricular complexes.Classical continuous electrical activity of flutter may be revealed or exaggerated by obtaining the record at 20 to 30 mm/mv. Unfortunately, often one must deal with a standard record, the patient being unavailable for further study.In such an instance, one may simulate electronic amplification by either of two simple optical methods. In the first, one glances... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 907-908KeywordsArrhythmiaElectrocardiographyParoxysmal atrial tachycardia Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
JOHANNES EVANGELISTE PURKINJE.
Authors: RUSSELL BURTON OPITZ
Journal: JAMA (1899)

From the turret of a magnificent building belonging to the Medical School of the University of Breslau, the "black and white" of Prussia, fluttering in the breeze, announces to the world that a new home has been completed for the alma mater of all physiologic institutions. The old "Universitas Vratislaviæ" looks back with pride upon its history from the summit of its high place among the institutions for higher education. Breslau ought to be especially proud of the part which it has played in the advance of physiologic science. As early as 1811, there existed at its University a chair of physiology—certainly the first in Germany; In 1839, while Purkinje was professor, the first physiologic laboratory was founded, and the work accomplised in this scene of his early labors, will always hold a high place in the history of physiologic research. In the early years of this century physiology had
NEW STERILIZER AND DEODORIZER.
Authors: JACOB R. JOHNS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Formaldehyde is the gaseous disinfectant, par excellence, being incomparable to sulphur fumes, the chief agent of the past. Practically there are three sources of the gas, requiring vastly different apparatus for its liberation and application. In one form the gas is generated directly from wood alcohol on the principal of retarded combustion. In another form the gas is liberated from the paraform, or solid product. In the third style some form of the aqueous solution of commerce is employed. In all the above, heat is essential. In some the gas is liberated under considerable pressure, thus necessitating a bulky apparatus to guard against explosion. Simplicity of construction and economy are quite generally sacrificed, while in those employing wood alcohol there is always a considerable degree of uncertainty regarding the quantity of gas really involved. The apparatus I wish to describe is that shown by the illustration. It is the most
Women with epilepsy are not getting pregnancy advice
Authors: V. Madden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Women with epilepsy are not getting the advice they need on issues relating to contraception and pregnancy, according to a survey of women members of the British Epilepsy Association (Seizure 1999;8:135-9).

A total of 1855 women aged 16 or older with epilepsy returned questionnaires sent to 6000 women …
Tunnel subaortic stenosis: left ventricular outflow tract obstruction produced by fibromuscular tubular narrowing.
Authors: B J Maron, D R Redwood, W C Roberts, W L Henry, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The clinical and morphologic features of tunnel subaortic stenosis, an unusual form of obstruction to left ventricular outflow, are described in 11 patients. Although patients with tunnel subaortic stenosis demonstrate a variety of cardiovascular malformations, the most characteristic anatomic feature is fibromuscular tubular narrowing of the outflow tract that remains relatively unchanged during the cardiac cycle. The aortic anulus was abnormally small in six of the 11 patients, including one who also had a hypoplastic ascending aorta. Evidence of a small mitral orifice was present in two patients, and two other patients had asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Although operation was successful in significantly reducing the outflow gradient in two of the seven operated patients, all seven patients had gradients of 50 mm Hg or more at the most recent postoperative evaluation. Three patients (two with previous operation) died suddenly; each of these patients had mild or no symptoms. Because of the apparent ineffectiveness of current operative methods in patients with tunnel subaortic stenosis, it is important to differentiate this condition from obstructions to left ventricular outflow.
Arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: D L Child, J A Mathews, R P Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosisArticular problems are more commonly associated with active chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and haemochromatosis,l than with primary biliary "cirrhosis" (PBC; chronic, non-suppurative, destructive cholangitis).2Of 12 patients with PBC seen in this hospital over the past three years, however, five had appreciable arthritic lesions and circulating rheumatoid factor.We wish to emphasise the frequency of this association by reporting details of these patients. Case reportsCase 1-A woman aged 47 developed nodular, erosive peripheral arthritis, a pleural effusion, and pericarditis.A liver biopsy was performed 12 months later because of persistently raised concentrations of alkaline phosphatase in serum.The histological appearance of the specimen suggested primary biliary cirrhosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the portal tracts.Case 2-This woman, aged 69, presented with symmetrical, peripheral, erosive arthritis without nodules, but with iritis and a raised concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase.The histological appearances of a liver biopsy specimen were compatible with PBC.Case 3-For many years this 62-year-old woman had experienced episodes of symmetrical arthritis affecting knees and small joints.There were erosions of bone but no nodules.She then developed pruritus, steatorrhoea, hepato- megaly, and a raised concentration of alkaline phosphatase.A liver biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of PBC.Case 4-This woman, aged 54, had abnormal liver function test results and a palpable spleen.The histological appearances of a liver biopsy specimen showed probable PBC.Subsequently she developed a non-erosive, anodular arthritis of the hands and knees.Case 5-A 49-year-old woman developed pruritus after cholecystectomy.An operative liver biopsy specimen showed the histological appearances of PBC.Jaundice, hypercholesterolaemia (maximum serum cholesterol con- centration 24 mmol/l (927 mg/ 100 ml)), and hepatosplenomegaly developed, as did a non-erosive anodular arthritis affecting the hands, wrists, shoulders and one knee.
Hepatic macrophage malfunction in rats with obstructive jaundice and its biological significance
Authors: Yukito Adachi, Shigeki Arii, Tetsu Sasaoki, Naomi Funaki, Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Shinichi Fujita, Masaharu Furutani, Masahiro Mise, Wenhai Zhang, Takayoshi Tobe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1992)
EWTD in the European capital
Authors: A. K Bohra
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) has had a major effect on the NHS, and Goddard notes that the Department of Health has funded trusts to support the directive.1 The greatest impact on training has been with surgical specialties, where it is important to spend time learning the skills hands-on.

On a recent visit to Belgium, …
Proven and Unproven Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Robert S. DiPaola, Ronald A. Morton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The desire to take medicine is one feature which distinguishes man, the animal, from his fellow creatures.— William Osler1 The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the regulatory body charged with assessing the basic and clinical science underlying the introduction of new drugs into clinical practice and evaluating the efficacy and safety of new pharmaceutical agents, usually on the basis of data from phase 3 randomized trials. Almost always, the FDA initially limits the use of drugs it approves by requiring them to be prescribed by a physician.In contrast, herbs and other botanical products, which are defined as . . .
Fast and frugal heuristics: What about unfriendly environments?
Authors: James Shanteau, Rickey P. Thomas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Simple heuristics that make us smart offers an impressive compilation of work that demonstrates fast and frugal (one-reason) heuristics can be simple, adaptive, and accurate. However, many decision environments differ from those explored in the book. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation that shows one-reason strategies are accurate in “friendly” environments, but less accurate in “unfriendly” environments characterized by negative cue intercorrelations, that is, tradeoffs.
Carbapenems for Surgical Prophylaxis?
Authors: Daniel J. Sexton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In this issue of the Journal, Itani and colleagues1 describe a study in which 1002 patients were randomly assigned to receive either ertapenem or cefotetan in a single dose before elective colorectal surgery. Many experienced surgeons and hospital epidemiologists will probably be surprised that the overall rate of failure in the modified intention-to-treat analysis was approximately 40% for patients receiving ertapenem and 50% for those receiving cefotetan. A possible explanation for these high failure rates is that the authors of the study, unlike those of most previous trials, included unexplained use of postoperative antibiotics and anastomotic leaks in their definition . . .
Effect of Electrolytes on Arterial Muscle Contraction
Authors: DAVID F. BOHR, DONALD C. BRODIE, DONALD H. CHEU
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The effect of specific electrolyte changes and of desoxycorticosterone on the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to epinephrine was studied using rabbit aortic strips. Low sodium increases, while high sodium decreases the epinephrine response. Conversely, low potassium decreases, while high potassium increases the epinephrine response. Desoxycorticosterone potentiates the epinephrine response in a manner qualitatively similar to that of high potassium, but different from that of low sodium potentiation.