tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Imaging of vascular injury with 99mTc-labeled monoclonal antiplatelet antibody S12. Preliminary experience in human percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Authors: D D Miller, F J Rivera, O J Garcia, J C Palmaz, H J Berger, H F Weisman
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND To evaluate the in vivo safety, biodistribution, and diagnostic accuracy of a monoclonal Fab' antibody (S12) that is specific for the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GMP-140) expressed during platelet activation at vascular injury sites, 11 peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) patients (age, 61 +/- 8 years) with severe vascular disease had serial 99mTcS12 radionuclide imaging at 5 and 90 minutes, 4-6 hours, and 20-24 hours after a total of 23 angiographically successful PTA procedures. No acute allergic reactions or hematologic toxicity occurred. METHODS AND RESULTS The average PTA percent angiographic diameter stenosis (DS) at all 23 sites decreased from 85 +/- 12% to 12 +/- 11%, with a mean before-to-after-PTA change of 73 +/- 14% (p less than 0.01). The mean radionuclide image-derived ratio of 99mTc S12 activity in PTA versus contralateral non-PTA arterial segments for all angioplasty sites was 1.6 +/- 0.5. Vascular 99mTc S12 antibody activity was qualitatively evident in the majority (78%) of PTA sites at 4-6 hours after injection. 99mTc S12 target-to-background (muscle) ratio equaled 2.3 +/- 0.6 at PTA sites. Nine PTA sites (39%) had residual 99mTc S12 activity at 24 hours after injection (mean PTA site-to-contralateral artery ratio, 1.5 +/- 0.4). The mean vascular 99mTc S12 activity ratios in 10 procedurally complicated (defined as extensive dilation [greater than 2 cm] or grade I or greater arterial dissection) and 13 uncomplicated PTA segments were 1.9 +/- 0.5 versus 1.2 +/- 0.1, respectively (p less than 0.01). The associated before-to-after-PTA angiographic improvement was significantly less in procedurally complicated PTA sites (66 +/- 12% versus 80 +/- 12% DS; p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS 99mTc S12 activity is significantly increased at angiographically patent PTA sites that are procedurally complicated and are associated with less significant before-to-after-PTA angiographic improvement. 99mTc S12 monoclonal Fab' antibody imaging permits noninvasive identification of local vascular platelet activation resulting from angioplasty balloon injury in humans.
MYD88-independent growth and survival effects of Sp1 transactivation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Mariateresa Fulciniti, Nicola Amodio, Rajya Lakshmi Bandi, Mansa Munshi, Guang Yang, Lian Xu, Zachary Hunter, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Kenneth C. Anderson, Steven P. Treon, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Is There an Excess of Saturated Fat in Infant Formula?
Authors: Jonathan Wasserberger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Recommendation No. 3 from the consensus conference on Lowering Blood Cholesterol to Prevent Heart Disease 1 states: All Americans (except children younger than 2 years of age) should be advised to adopt a diet that... reduces saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total calories.  We asked the consensus conference panel why they did not include children younger than 2 years of age in their recommendation to limit the intake of saturated fat. Three panel members felt that there was insufficient direct evidence that a reduced saturated fat intake would be without hazard to normal growth and development in the very young child, whose cholesterol level is usually very low (written communications, December 1984, January 1985, February 1985).  Just six months before this recommendation, a major US manufacturer came out with an improved infant formula that increased the coconut oil contribution from its previous concentration of 20%
Longitudinal study of dust and airborne endotoxin in the home.
Authors: J H Park, D L Spiegelman, H A Burge, D R Gold, G L Chew, D K Milton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

To characterize the seasonal variability of endotoxin levels, we measured endotoxin in dust from the bed, bedroom floor, and kitchen floor in 20 homes, and in air from the bedroom in 15 of the homes. All homes were located in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area and were sampled each month from April 1995 to June 1996. Outdoor air was collected at two locations. We found greater within-home than between-home variance for bedroom floor, kitchen floor, and airborne endotoxin. However, the reverse was true for bed dust endotoxin. Thus, studies using single measurements of dust endotoxin are most likely to reliably distinguish between homes if bed dust is sampled. Dust endotoxin levels were not significantly associated with airborne endotoxin. Airborne endotoxin was significantly (p = 0. 04) and positively associated with absolute humidity in a mixed-effect model adjusting for a random home effect and fixed effect of sampling month and home characteristics. This finding implies that indoor humidity may be an important factor controlling endotoxin exposure. We found a significant (p < 0.05) seasonal effect in kitchen floor dust (spring > fall) and bedroom airborne endotoxin (spring > winter), but not in the other indoor samples. We found significant seasonal pattern in outdoor airborne endotoxin (summer > winter).
Development and Validation of a Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Classifier for Lung Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Guoan Chen, Sinae Kim, Jeremy M.G. Taylor, Zhuwen Wang, Oliver Lee, Nithya Ramnath, Rishindra M. Reddy, Jules Lin, Andrew C. Chang, Mark B. Orringer, David G. Beer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
IMMUNOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: G. M. LEVENE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The antigenic properties of clinically important β‐haemolytic streptococci and the immunological response to infection with these organisms are described. The relevance of streptococcal antigens in the production of nonsuppurative sequelae to infection such as rheumatic fever, acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis and certain skin diseases is discussed in relation to possible immunopathological mechanisms. It is concluded that although striking immunological phenomena have been demonstrated in several of these diseases their exact relation to tissue damage and to the production of lesions remains to be clarified.
698 FN14 IS EXPRESSED ON NEOPLASTIC CHOLANGIOCYTES IN INTRA-HEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA AND PROMOTES NECROSIS AFTER INTERACTION WITH TWEAK
Authors: B. Stephenson, E. Humphreys, A. Wilhelm, M. Munir, L. Burkly, D. Adams, S. Afford
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Age distribution of cancer of the cervix uteri.
Authors: R F Mould, R J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Age distribution of cancer of the cervix uteriThe most recent cancer registration data for England and Wales, relating to 1971,1 show that the peak for invasive carcinoma of the cervix occurs in the age group 50-54 years.Since early diagnosis of this disease affects prognosis, we studied more recent registration data to see whether there has been a trend towards presentation at an earlier age, and whether we need to screen younger women than the 1971 data would suggest.
Glyburide for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Thomas R. Moore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The clinical experience with glyburide treatment of GDM has moved ahead of the science. A single randomized controlled trial of glyburide versus insulin indicates that glyburide treatment can provide a relatively safe alternative to insulin therapy. Subsequent retrospective trials have shown that up to 20% of GDM patients, especially those with substantial pretreatment hyperglycemia, are likely to require adjunctive or alternative therapy with insulin. These follow-on trials have also demonstrated that glyburide treatment, compared with insulin, actually results in lower mean glucose values and a higher percentage of "excellent glycemic control" with fewer hypoglycemic episodes. With the emerging view that glyburide treatment compared with insulin improves glycemic profiles, it should be expected to reduce the frequency of newborn obesity. Larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to clarify this question and the concerns regarding neonatal metabolic morbidity in glyburide-treated offspring.
THE DIGESTIVE TRACT AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
Authors: BRUCE C. LOCKWOOD
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The relation existing between various endocrine disorders and gastro-intestinal disturbances is often vaguely referred to in the literature. Unfortunately, much of the discussion deals with the hazy border-land of endocrinology, not frank endocrine disease, and with ill defined gastro-intestinal pathology. Before attributing gastro-intestinal disorders to hypothetic endocrine disturbance or to a certain endocrine constitution, we must determine whether there are typical or fairly uniform gastro-intestinal findings in typical, frank endocrine disease. If there are, we can assume that, at times, altered alimentary function may be due to slighter disorders in these glands. This report is a clinical investigation based on a study of the gastro-intestinal tract of most of the frank endocrine cases, involving the thyroid, pituitary and supra-renal glands, which have come under my observation during the last few years. <h3>THE THYROID</h3><h3>Hyperthyroidism.</h3> —The literature reveals contradictory opinions as to the effect of excessive thyroid secretion on the gastro-intestinal
A Major Improvement in the Prognosis of Individuals With IDDM in the Past 30 Years in Japan
Authors: Rimei Nishimura, Masato Matsushima, Naoko Tajima, Toshihiko Agata, Hidesuke Shimizu, Ronald E LaPorte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the time trends of mortality among individuals with IDDM in Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A historical prospective study of two independent population-based cohorts composed of individuals who were diagnosed between 1965 and 1969 (1960s cohort) and between 1975 and 1979 (1970s cohort), which included 286 IDDM patients (onset age &amp;lt; 18 years) for the 1960s cohort and 779 patients for the 1970s cohort, was performed. After 10 years of observation, mortality status and causes of deaths between the two cohorts were compared. RESULTS The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 person-years of the 1960s cohort was 754 (95% CI, 471–1,141); in contrast, that of the 1970s cohort was only 196 (95% CI, 107–329) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The standardized mortality ratio of the 1960s cohort was 1,432 (95% CI, 898–2,161), and that of the 1970s cohort was 489 (95% CI, 267—821). Analyses of the causes of deaths revealed a marked decline in recent years in the number of deaths by acute complications and renal disease. CONCLUSIONS A major decline in the mortality of diabetic children in Japan may be attributed to the dramatic changes in the quality of care and medical infrastructure that occurred after the mid-1970s.
Costs and Funding for Published Medical Education Research
Authors: Darcy A. Reed, David E. Kern, Rachel B. Levine, Scott M. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The Institute of Medicine has called for increased rigor of education research and funding to support educational innovation. However, funding for medical education research is scarce. The costs of conducting studies in medical education and how such research is currently funded have not been systematically evaluated.To determine how medical education research studies that were recently published were funded and to approximate the costs of conducting these studies.We conducted a cross-sectional survey of first authors of medical education studies published from September 1, 2002, to December 31, 2003. Original medical education research studies conducted at US institutions and published in 13 prominent peer-reviewed journals were included.For each study we measured duration, percentage of the authors' total work commitment ("percentage effort") devoted to the study, resources used and their costs, attainment of funding, and the first author's estimated cost of conducting the study. The cost of each study was calculated by multiplying the percentage effort of each author for the duration of the study by the national median salary for each author, according to specialty and academic rank, and then adding the costs of resources used.Responses were received from authors of 243 (84%) of 290 identified medical education studies. The median calculated cost of conducting the 243 studies was 24,471 dollars (interquartile range [IQR], 11,531 dollars-63 808 dollars). The median authors' estimate of study cost was 10,000 dollars (IQR, 4000 dollars-25 000 dollars). Some funding was obtained for 72 (29.6%) of the studies. Of studies that were funded, the median amount of funding was 15,000 dollars (IQR, 5000 dollars-66,500 dollars). The median calculated cost of funded studies was 37,315 dollars (IQR, 18,731 dollars-82,393 dollars). Private foundation grants were the most common funding source (n = 30 [41.7%]). Factors independently associated with attaining funding were training in grant writing (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-3.79) and number of medical education studies published by the first author (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-4.63).The majority of published medical education research is not formally funded, and the studies that do receive support are substantially underfunded. To realize the Institute of Medicine's directive and to improve the quality of medical research, policy reform that increases funding for medical education scholarship will likely be required.
Thomas Harold Martin Warburton
Authors: J. Etherton
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Thomas Harold Martin Warburton (“Martin”) did his house jobs at Leytonstone and Luton and Dunstable hospitals. He came from a long established corn feed and flour family business at Bexhill-on-Sea, a stable home with a strong Baptist tradition. He excelled in science and began work as a lab assistant at Hastings Grammar School for Boys, before joining the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers in 1940. He was soon working on the development of radar at a crucial point in the second world war. His company followed the Normandy landings, landing near Caen behind the advancing troops 12 …
Biological significance of allele specific loss of the p53 gene in breast carcinomas.
Authors: P Wegman, B Paulmalakkaran, S Wingren
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4064 Background: The p53 tumour suppressor gene has a central role in the defence against cancer, including breast cancer, and contains a polymorphic variant (Arg/Pro) at codon 72 that has been shown to have different biological properties regarding apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Earlier studies have shown allele specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this particular site and we aimed to investigate its biological relevance in codon 72 heterozygous breast cancer patients (i.e. survival and age of disease onset).&amp;#x2028; Method: 199 postmenopausal cases were analyzed for LOH using MegaBACE1000 and statistics was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. As reference for loss/retention of heterozygosity at the Arg or Pro allele DNA from 30 heterozygous blood donors included in a population based DNA bank was used.&amp;#x2028; Results: LOH was found in totally 124 (62.3%) patients and the Pro allele (n = 103) was significantly more often deleted compared to the Arg allele (n = 21) (p = 0.001). Patients with LOH of the Arg allele were diagnosed at an earlier age (mean age 62.5 years) than those with loss of the Pro allele (mean age 69.2 years) (p = 0.011). LOH of the Arg allele was also associated with worse survival (p = 0.05). Tumour size or number of positive lymph nodes was not associated with LOH.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: We found a non-random loss of the codon 72 Pro allele, implying the existence of a selective pressure during carcinogenesis that confers a growth advantage to cells lacking the Pro allele. We also found that earlier age of onset was associated with loss of the Arg allele. These results were achieved from primary tumors without any influence of adjuvant treatment, possibly showing a picture of the natural history of carcinogenesis. The worsen prognosis associated with loss of the Arg allele is somewhat more complex to interpret since recurrence free survival could be influenced by genotype, mutational status and adjuvant treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4064.
Fixed Maximal Stroke Index in Patients after Pneumonectomy
Authors: OMAR M. HIJAZI, MURUGAPPAN RAMANATHAN, AARON S. ESTRERA, RONALD M. PESHOCK, CONNIE C. W. HSIA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Patients who have undergone pneumonectomy (PNX) show limited exercise capacity, partly attributable to an impaired stroke index (SI). To determine whether this limitation is due to deconditioning, we assessed exercise performance and cardiopulmonary function in seven patients after PNX (age: 59 ± 2 yr, mean ± SEM) and eight normal, healthy nonsmokers (52 ± 3 yr) before and after an ergometer exercise training program for 30 min per day, 5 d per week, for 8 wk at 65% of measured maximal O2 uptake. Lung volume, diffusing capacity of carbon dioxide (Dl CO) and cardiac index (CI) were determined during steady-state exercise by a rebreathing method. Exercise endurance was measured at 80% of maximal power. As compared with normal subjects, patients who had had PNX showed diminished maximal oxygen uptake (V˙ o 2max), as well as diminished lung volumes, ventilatory capacities, and maximal cardiac and stroke indexes. After training, V˙ o 2max, endurance, and peripheral O2 extraction improved in both groups. However, maximal cardiac and stroke indexes increased only in normal subjects and not in patients. We conclude that an irreversibly fixed maximal SI is a major source of exercise limitation after PNX, probably because of pulmonary arterial hypertension and / or mechanical distortion of the cardiac fossa. Ventilatory impairment after PNX did not prevent a training-induced increase in V˙ o 2max. Exercise training confers significant functional benefit on postpneumonectomy patients by enhancing peripheral O2 extraction.
Hepatitis B, Transfusions, and Renal Transplantation — Five Years Later
Authors: Terry B. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In 1977 Pirson and his colleagues in Belgium reported that patients with renal failure who were found to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their circulation before or after renal transplantation were subject to a fivefold increase in mortality due to hepatic failure.1 At that time, a very high proportion (about 40 to 50 per cent) of European patients with renal failure were HBsAg-positive. In contrast, the use of simple precautionary measures to prevent hepatitis B infection in our own hospital and in others in North America2 3 4 resulted in a low (<5 per cent) proportion of HBsAg carriers. Most . . .
Sport for all, injury prevention for all
Authors: E A L M Verhagen, W van Mechelen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Maintaining a healthy physically active lifestyle is a major contemporary public health issue.1 However, regular participation in physical activity and sports increases the individual’s exposure to injury. This threatens ongoing, healthy physical activity behaviour. Moreover, there are substantial direct and indirect costs of sports and physical activity- related injuries, so these injuries are also a societal problem. Thus, safety is an essential corollary of our global effort to promote sports and physical activity. For this reason, prevention, reduction and control of injuries are important goals for clinicians and researchers, as well as for society as a whole.

In the early 1990s, van Mechelen et al 2 proposed a model of prevention research and implementation. This model emphasised that a crucial part of injury prevention requires understanding of injury risks and injury aetiology. Shortly after, the injury causation model proposed by Meeuwisse3 described the interplay between different factors along the path to injury. Over the past …
Ethics and Psychiatry
Authors: D. Stafford-Clark
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Neutralization assays are important in understanding and quantifying neutralizing antibody responses towards SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 Lentivirus Surrogate Neutralization Assay (SCLSNA) can be used in biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) laboratories and has been shown to be a reliable, alternative approach to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). In this study, we optimized and validated the SCLSNA to assess its ability as a comparator and pre-screening method to support the PRNT. Comparability between the PRNT and SCLSNA was determined through clinical sensitivity and specificity evaluations. Clinical sensitivity and specificity produced acceptable results with 100% (95% CI: 94-100) specificity and 100% (95% CI: 94-100) sensitivity against ancestral Wuhan spike pseudotyped lentivirus. The sensitivity and specificity against B.1.1.7 spike pseudotyped lentivirus resulted in 88.3% (95% CI: 77.8 to 94.2) and 100% (95% CI: 94-100), respectively. Assay precision measuring intra-assay variability produced acceptable results for High (1:≥ 640 PRNT<sub>50</sub>), Mid (1:160 PRNT<sub>50</sub>) and Low (1:40 PRNT<sub>50</sub>) antibody titer concentration ranges based on the PRNT<sub>50</sub>, with %CV of 14.21, 12.47, and 13.28 respectively. Intermediate precision indicated acceptable ranges for the High and Mid concentrations, with %CV of 15.52 and 16.09, respectively. However, the Low concentration did not meet the acceptance criteria with a %CV of 26.42. Acceptable ranges were found in the robustness evaluation for both intra-assay and inter-assay variability. In summary, the validation parameters tested met the acceptance criteria, making the SCLSNA method fit for its intended purpose, which can be used to support the PRNT.
DISCARDING OF OUT-DATED MEDICAL TERMS
Authors: Albert Salisbury Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In Dr. Stewart Wolf's recent letter inThe Journalon old terms and modern concepts in medicine (May 10, 1952, page 186) I liked one of his final statements: "Consistent progress in medicine today depends, as always, on changing methods and concepts, and clarity in thinking requires that worn out concepts be discarded together with the clichés that serve them." This is particularly true, I believe, in the teaching of clinical medicine, where the vigorous and picturesque language of last century still finds a large place in the professorial vocabulary. In a rapidly changing atomic era, the homespun qualities of an earlier Americana idiom may have lost much if not all of its original rich colloquial connotation; the medical student of today, bewildered and perhaps bemused, repeats in a parrot-like fashion a traditional phrase that has no counterpart or significance in his everyday experience. Over the years