tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proton pump inhibitors and acute interstitial nephritis
Authors: S. Ray, M. Delaney, A. F. Muller
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Proton pump inhibitors are an important iatrogenic cause of acute kidney injury

Since the introduction of omeprazole in 1989, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs. A community database of patients who have had any renal function tests in our region shows a prescription rate of 8% (C Farmer, personal communication, 2010). Proton pump inhibitors are associated with a range of side effects including hip fracture, Clostridium difficile infection, and hypomagnesaemia.1 2 3 Sporadic case series have implicated them as a potential cause of acute interstitial nephritis leading to acute kidney injury.4 5 6

In southeast England during 2007 and 2008, we examined 210 kidney biopsies and found six cases of acute interstitial nephritis that were strongly associated with PPIs either by temporal association with the injury or response to stopping the drugs. These patients had biopsies because renal function was declining, the cause was uncertain, and screening for acute kidney injury was negative. The table⇓ summarises five of the six cases of acute interstitial nephritis associated with PPIs (one patient did not consent to be included), and we present two of the cases.

View this table:

Acute interstitial nephritis related to proton pump inhibitors (PPI)



A 70 year old woman was referred by her general practitioner in April 2008 with deteriorating kidney function. She presented with malaise and tiredness. Her medical history included hypertension. She was taking lisinopril (for 15 years), domperidone, and omeprazole. She had not used antibiotic or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) recently. Omeprazole was …
Coral Snake Bite
Authors: S. M. Feinberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the Dec 1 issue ofThe Journal(<b>182</b>:949), in the article "Coral Snake Bite," the authors make some incidental comments which may be misinterpreted. They say: "Three hours after the bite,... skin testing revealed the patient to be highly sensitive to horse serum, despite the fact that he had received almost 300 mg of cortisone." They say further that: "... 4½ hours after symptoms began, desensitization was completed, and the patient received 120 cc of antivenom...." "The patient was readmitted for 3 days, 10 days after the bite, complaining of joint pains... and it was felt that this represented a flare-up of the arthritis secondary to cortisone withdrawal." The last statement may be true, but there is also a good possibility that the joint pains, which are a common symptom of a "serum sickness" reaction, usually occurring about 10 days after the administration of horse serum
How Doctors Think: Clinical Judgment and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2006)

K athryn Montgomery is a professor of medical humanities at Northwestern University in the United States and a literary scholar by training. Her thesis is that doctors (and patients) misrep-resent medicine as an invariant, replicable science, and that this misunderstanding causes harm. It harms patients because they have unrealistic expectations of outcomes, and it harms doctors who are deluded into thinking that they should be operating scientifically and so become either “unnecessarily impersonal” or “disheartened.” Montgomery believes that medicine is best described not as a science but as “practical reasoning” or, in her terminology, “phronesis” (ouch!).

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Kathryn Montgomery

Oxford University Press, £23.99/$39.50, pp 208 ISBN 0 19 518712 1

Rating: Rating: ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5] 

She is a sympathetic and sometimes incisive observer of the practice of clinical judgment. And she writes movingly about her own personal experience when her daughter was diagnosed as having breast cancer at 28. Her prose, when she avoids neologisms, is lucid and easy to read.

While overall I enjoyed her book, I felt, however, that Montgomery rather overstated her thesis. Doctors do not really think that medicine functions …

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Phthalates Impair Germ Cell Development in the Human Fetal Testis <i>in Vitro</i> without Change in Testosterone Production
Authors: Romain Lambrot, Vincent Muczynski, Charlotte Lécureuil, Gaëlle Angenard, Hervé Coffigny, Catherine Pairault, Delphine Moison, René Frydman, René Habert, Virginie Rouiller-Fabre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundSeveral studies have described an increasing frequency of male reproductive disorders, which may have a common origin in fetal life and which are hypothesized to be caused by endocrine disruptors. Phthalate esters represent a class of environmental endocrine-active chemicals known to disrupt development of the male reproductive tract by decreasing testosterone production in the fetal rat.ObjectivesUsing the organ culture system we developed previously, we investigated the effects on the development of human fetal testis of one phthalate—mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP)—an industrial chemical found in many products, which has been incriminated as a disruptor of male reproductive function.MethodsHuman fetal testes were recovered during the first trimester (7–12 weeks) of gestation, a critical period for testicular differentiation, and cultured for 3 days with or without MEHP in basal conditions or stimulated with luteinizing hormone (LH).ResultsWhatever the dose, MEHP treatment had no effect on basal or LH-stimulated testosterone produced by the human fetal testis in vitro, although testosterone production can be modulated in our culture system. MEHP (10−4 M) did not affect proliferation or apoptosis of Sertoli cells, but it reduced the mRNA expression of anti-Müllerian hormone. MEHP (10−4 M) reduced the number of germ cells by increasing their apoptosis, measured by the detection of caspase-3–positive germ cells, without modification of their proliferation.ConclusionsThis is the first experimental demonstration that phthalates alter the development of the germ cell lineage in humans. However, in contrast to results observed in the rat, phthalates did not affect steroidogenesis.
Coping with Nose-bleeds
Authors: R. H. Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The importance of FDG PET in imaging head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has grown in recent decades. Since PET has prognostic values, and provides functional and molecular information in HNSCC, the genetic and biologic backgrounds associated with PET parameters are of great interests. Here, as a systems biology approach, we aimed to investigate gene networks associated with tumor metabolism and their biological function using RNA sequence and FDG PET data. <b>Methods:</b> Using RNA sequence data of HNSCC downloaded from TCGA data portal, we constructed gene coexpression network. PET parameters including lesion-to-blood pool ratio, metabolic tumor volume and tumor lesion glycolysis were calculated. The Pearson’s correlation test was performed between module eigengene - the first principal component of modules’ expression profile - and the PET parameters. The significantly correlated module was functionally annotated with gene ontology terms and its hub genes were identified. Survival analysis of the significantly correlated module was performed. <b>Results:</b> We identified nine coexpression network modules from the preprocessed RNA sequence data. A network module was significantly correlated with total lesion glycolysis as well as maximum and mean FDG uptake. Expression profiles of hub genes of the network was inversely correlated with FDG uptake. The significantly annotated gene ontology terms of the module were associated with immune cell activation and aggregation. The module demonstrated significant association with overall survival, and the group with higher module eigengene showed better survival than the other groups with statistical significance (<i>P</i> = 0.022) <b>Conclusion:</b> We showed that a gene network which accounts for immune cell microenvironment was associated with FDG uptake as well as prognosis in HNSCC. Our result supports the idea that competition for glucose between cancer cell and immune cell plays an important role in cancer progression associated with hypermetabolic feature. In the future, PET parameters could be used as a surrogate marker of HNSCC for estimating molecular status of immune cell microenvironment.
Key to organ donation may be cultural awareness
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

PROCURING ORGANS for transplantation in a quantity that is sufficient to meet the demand is a challenge made even greater by the variety of cultural norms that coexist in the United States. Whether family members give permission for the removal of organs from potential donors depends largely on their religious and cultural beliefs. In the Hispanic-American community where the need for organs is great, so is the need to find persuasive arguments for donation. The tools to meet this challenge have very little to do with medicine. Rather, they involve the ability to view organ donation through a cultural lens, using understanding and sensitivity to each ethnic group's cultural framework and the ways in which it may influence their decision about whether to donate. Hispanic Americans place close to blacks in the need for organ transplantation. The incidence of non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is three times higher in Hispanic Americans than
The influence of aetiology on inflammatory and neurohumoral activation in patients with severe heart failure: A prospective study comparing Chagas' heart disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Amilcar O. Mocelin, Victor S. Issa, Fernando Bacal, Guilherme V. Guimarães, Edecio Cunha, Edimar A. Bocchi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Public Health and the Risk Factor: A History of an Uneven Medical Revolution
Authors: S. D. Helgerson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Excision of Akinetic Left Ventricular Wall for Intractable Heart Failure
Authors: George Schimert, Herman L. Falsetti, Ivan L Bunnell, David C. Dean, Andrew A. Gage, Colin Grant, David G. Greene
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Left ventricular akinesis (localized lack of wall motion) may have a profound effect on cardiac hemodynamics. The diagnosis is established by cineangiography. Three patients with angiographically proved coronary atherosclerosis and intractable congestive failure underwent resection of akinetic ventricular wall during temporary cardiopulmonary bypass. In two patients (Cases 2 and 3) thin fibrotic scars were resected; in one patient (Case 1) a full thickness area of diseased muscle was removed. All patients survived the operation and had improvement of symptoms. Cardiac catheterization in one patient (Case 1) documented improved left ventricular function 9 months after surgery. Although the two other patients (Cases 2 and 3) had improvement in symptoms, they died 7 and 16 weeks after surgery. The rationale of subjection of seriously ill patients to extensive cardiac surgery is based on the idea that an area of noncontractile left ventricular wall can be identified by angiography and may be excised with improvement in left ventricular function.
Chronic aortic regurgitation: the effect of aortic valve replacement on left ventricular volume, mass and function.
Authors: W H Gaasch, C W Andrias, H J Levine
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Serial echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) studies were performed in 19 patients before (preop) and after (postop) aortic valve replacement (AVR) for chronic aortic regurgitation (AR); the effect of AVR on LV volume, mass and function was determined from the echocardiographic data. In the 12 patients who were considered to have successful surgical results, the average LV end-diastolic dimension fell from a preop value of 6.9 +/- 0.2 cm to 5.5 +/- 0.2 cm (P less than 0.01) at the time of the early postop study (seven to 10 days). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) derived from dimension and wall thickness data was used as an index of LV muscle mass (preop CSA = 26 +/- 1.3 cm2); CSA was unchanged at the early postop study, but subsequently fell to near normal within six months after AVR (20 +/- 1 cm2, P less than 0.01). There was a trend toward improvement in systolic performance by the late postop studies (12+ months). In two out of three patients with postop paravalvular AR, LV dimension increased after an initial fall. Four patients without paravalvular AR failed to show a significant reduction in LV dimension in the postop studies. In this group the preop studies showed a tendency toward a large end-diastolic dimension and decreased fractional shortening, but the single preop parameter which differentiated these four from the successfully treated group was an end-diastolic radius-to-wall thickness (R/Th) ratio greater than or equal to 4. Thus, successful AVR for chronic AR results in the normalization of LV volume and a decrease in LV muscle mass to near normal. The R/Th ratio has important prognostic value which appears to be independent of fractional shortening in some patients with chronic AR.
Gene delivery targeted to the brain using an Angiopep-conjugated polyethyleneglycol-modified polyamidoamine dendrimer
Authors: Weilun Ke, Kun Shao, Rongqin Huang, Liang Han, Yang Liu, Jianfeng Li, Yuyang Kuang, Liya Ye, Jinning Lou, Chen Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches
Authors: Esther Somerfeld-Ziskind
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This formidable tome has 64 chapter headings with at least that many authors and coauthors. In addition to the three hardcover editions, there have been three paperback versions—which all adds up to a popular, practical resource. Because it leads the reader step-by-step, presumably the book intends to inform both young and seasoned professionals. The chapters average about 20 pages each. The bibliographies are extensive. I will try to give a useful line or two about most subjects covered. However, because I am closely following the arrangement of the book, the review's structure may seem somewhat nonsequential. In "Psychiatric Interviewing," we are warned that leading questions have almost no place, since children have short memories. Should the same clinician interview both children and parents? Yes, to avoid the splitting of issues. The early chapter "Diagnostic Appraisal" is too roundabout. A later chapter emphasizes, in every case, history and physical examination with
Studies on unfolded β2-microglobulin at C-terminal in dialysis-related amyloidosis
Authors: Yoshihiro Motomiya, Yukio Ando, Katsuki Haraoka, Xuguo Sun, Hiroyuki Morita, Izumi Amano, Tomonori Uchimura, Ikuro Maruyama
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
THE TREATMENT OF SCARLET FEVER, ITS COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELÆ.
Authors: H. M. McCLANAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is difficult to discuss intelligibly the treatment of a disease having such wide variations in its clinical manifestations. In speaking of the cases, I shall use the designations: malignant, mild, severe and septic. Malignant cases are those overwhelmed by the poison and terminating fatally in one or two days. I shall say nothing of the treatment of this class. Mild cases are those presenting the characteristic symptoms without complications, the fever subsiding in from five to seven days. Severe cases are those having high temperature, profuse rash, often nervous symptoms, erythematous sore throat, but without membranous exudate. Septic cases are those presenting the symptoms of scarlet fever and, in addition, membranous exudate on the tonsils and other portions of the throat. These cases may or may not be severe at the inception. This is the class of cases in which we have the streptococci infection. These clinical divisions are
Case 46-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Bernard Kliman, William J. Cometta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA boy, six years and eight months old, was admitted to the hospital because of sexual precocity.He was the product of a full-term, normal delivery of a 41-year-old mother, with a birth weight of 3.2 kg. He walked at 13 months and spoke in short sentences at 18 months. His head circumference was at the 90th percentile by 16 months, but the head was well proportioned. Four months before admission he began to grow rapidly; his height increased 5 cm, and he gained 7 kg in weight; there was enlargement of the phallus, with the development . . .
1052. A Versatile Chimeric Enhancer Vector That Is Highly Inducible by Hypoxia and Metals
Authors: Jonghoe Byun, Jae-Young Lee, Young-Sam Lee, Jeong-Min Kim, Hyung-Suk Jang, Koung Li Kim, In-Soon Shin, Jung-Sun Lee, Wonhee Suh, Eun-Seok Jeon, Duk-Kyung Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

To develop a potent hypoxia-inducible vector, we evaluated the usefulness of chimeric combinations of the early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1)-binding site (EBS) from the Egr-1 promoter, the metal-response element (MRE) from the metallothionein gene, and the hypoxia-response element (HRE) from the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) gene. In transient trasfection assays, combination of three copies of HRE (3xHRE) with either EBS or MRE resulted in a significant increase in hypoxia-responsiveness. With three-enhancer combination such as the EBS-MRE-3xHRE (E-M-H), a hypoxia induction ratio of 69 was achieved. The expression induced from E-M-H-pGL3 was 2.4-fold higher than that induced from H-pGL3 and even surpassed the expression from a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoter-driven vector. The high inducibility of E-M-H was confirmed by validation studies in different cells and by expressing other cDNAs. The E-M-H was also tested for induction by hypoxia mimetics and other stresses such as heat, low glucose, low pH, and hydrogen peroxide. Co2+, deferoxamine, and Ni2+turned out to be potent inducers whereas hydrogen peroxide worked as a moderate inducer. Gel shift assay together with functional overexpression studies suggested that increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1|[alpha]| (HIF-1|[alpha]|), metal transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), and Egr-1 may be associated with the high inducibility of E-M-H enhancer. In vivo evaluation of the E-M-H vector in ischemic calf muscle revealed that luciferase expression was significantly higher in E-M-H group than in control, H, or HCMV group. With its high induction capacity and versatile means of modulation, the novel chimeric enhancer should find wide application in the treatment of ischemic diseases and cancer.
Poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymeric nanoparticles for non-viral gene delivery: The role of charge group and molecular weight in particle formation, cytotoxicity and transfection
Authors: None Jeong Soon Jang, None So Yeon Kim, None Sang Bong Lee, None Kyung Ok Kim, None Joong Soo Han, None Young Moo Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
639 SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH TUMOR RESPONSE TO THE COMBINED THERAPY WITH TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION AND SORAFENIB IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: J.-H. Lee, Y.-H. Chung, J.A. Kim, E.-S. Shin, D. Lee, J.H. Shim, H.C. Lee, J.H. Yoon, B.I. Kim, S.H. Bae, K.C. Koh, G. Kim, N.-H. Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Autoantibody against prothrombin aberrantly alters the proenzyme to facilitate formation of a complex with its physiological inhibitor antithrombin III without thrombin conversion
Authors: Seiji Madoiwa, Yuichi Nakamura, Jun Mimuro, Shinpei Furusawa, Takatoshi Koyama, Teruko Sugo, Michio Matsuda, Yoichi Sakata
Journal: Blood (2001)
Origin of Extracellular Matrix Synthesis During Coronary Repair
Authors: Yi Shi, James E. O'Brien, Leena Ala-Kokko, Wooksung Chung, John D. Mannion, Andrew Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Coronary injury triggers differentiation of activated adventitial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which may contribute to neointimal formation and vascular remodeling. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the cellular origin of the enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins during coronary repair. Methods and Results The time course and localization of collagen and elastin expression were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in porcine coronary arteries after balloon-induced injury. Procollagen-α 1 (I) transcripts and intracellular type I procollagen protein increased in the adventitia within 2 days after injury. This was followed by a sustained synthesis of type I procollagen in neointima beginning at 7 days and the extracellular accumulation of type I collagen in both layers. The origin of synthetic cells was further examined by colocalization of type I procollagen and bromodeoxyuridine labeling to activated adventitial cells, which translocated to neointima. Neointimal cells exhibited sustained synthetic activity manifested by the presence of type I procollagen and elastin at 3 months after injury. In contrast, the media showed only minor changes in the synthesis of collagen or elastin throughout coronary repair. Conclusions Activated adventitial fibroblasts are endowed with synthetic capabilities after coronary injury. They express type I procollagen, with some of them translocating to the intima, where they continue to synthesize procollagen. The accumulation of type I collagen is evident in the adventitia and neointima, whereas elastin accumulates mainly in neointima. These findings support the involvement of adventitial fibroblasts in coronary repair and remodeling after endoluminal injury.
Limiting “Sugary Drinks” to Reduce Obesity — Who Decides?
Authors: Wendy K. Mariner, George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A judge has struck down the New York City Board of Health partial ban on selling sugary drinks in containers larger than 16 ounces. Agencies that overstep their bounds invite backlash, the author writes, making meaningful public health regulation impossible.