tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival of Blacks and Whites After a Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Peter B. Bach
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextIn recent years a theory that cancer biology is different in blacks and whites has gained prominence in reaction to epidemiologic observations that blacks have poorer survival than whites, even when diagnosed with cancer of similar severity. Yet, few studies have evaluated whether lower-quality treatment and shorter overall life expectancy due to a greater burden of other illnesses may explain the survival discrepancy.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude of overall and cancer-specific survival differences between blacks and whites who receive comparable treatment for similar-stage cancer.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE for English-language articles published from 1966 to January 2002 that reported on overall survival for black and white patients treated similarly for cancer.Study SelectionThe abstracts or titles for 891 citations were independently examined by 2 authors. The full text was retrieved if the abstract mentioned both black and white patients, made some comment regarding either similarity of treatment received or presented an analysis based on the treatment received, and commented on survival. Studies were included if they included data for at least 10 black and 10 white patients; specified the cohort ascertainment method and what measures were undertaken to minimize loss to follow-up; summarized survival of both blacks and whites using actuarial measures; presented outcomes within stage, adjusted for stage, or based on cohorts with balanced stage distributions; and specified that blacks and whites in the study received similar treatment. We identified 89 unique cohorts in 54 articles that met our inclusion criteria.Data ExtractionOverall survival rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for death for blacks relative to whites were calculated. These were subsequently adjusted for rates of death due to causes other than the cancer under study to determine cancer-specific survival and cancer-specific HRs.Data SynthesisResults represent 189 877 white and 32 004 black patients with 14 different cancers. Compared with whites, blacks had an overall excess risk of death (HR, 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.20). After correction for deaths due to other causes, the cancer-specific HR was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13). Of the 14 cancers, blacks were at a significantly higher risk of cancer-specific death only for cancer of the breast, uterus, or bladder.ConclusionsOnly modest cancer-specific survival differences are evident for blacks and whites treated comparably for similar-stage cancer. Therefore, differences in cancer biology between racial groups are unlikely to be responsible for a substantial portion of the survival discrepancy. Differences in treatment, stage at presentation, and mortality from other diseases should represent the primary targets of research and interventions designed to reduce disparities in cancer outcomes.
Patient and physician delay in melanoma diagnosis
Authors: Barrie R. Cassileth, Lydia Temoshok, Beth E. Frederick, William P. Walsh, Shelley Hurwitz, DuPont Guerry, Wallace H. Clark, Ralph J. DiClemente, David M. Sweet, Marsden S. Blois, Richard W. Sagebiel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1988)
French government warns public about drug misuse
Authors: K. McColl
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) outcomes are influenced by the location of the culprit vessel with worse outcomes portended with a left anterior descending (LAD) culprit lesion. However, relatively little is known about the independent association of LAD involvement with clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI with and without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). <h3>Methods</h3> We identified 91 patients with and 929 without a preceding OHCA within the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority who presented with an acute STEMI and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention between 26 June 2007 and 31 March 2016. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with STEMI with OHCA had higher rates of in-hospital cardiac arrest (43.3% vs 8.3%, p&lt;0.001), heart failure (50.5% vs 11.3%, p&lt;0.001), cardiogenic shock (49.5% vs 5.7%, p&lt;0.001), mortality (35.2% vs 3.3%, p&lt;0.001) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 42.9% vs 47.3%, p&lt;0.001) compared with those without OHCA. Among patients without OHCA, LAD involvement was associated with increased heart failure (18.1% vs 5.2%, p&lt;0.001), in-hospital cardiac arrest (10.7% vs 6.2%, p&lt;0.014), cardiogenic shock (8.4% vs 3.3%, p&lt;0.001), reduced LVEF (43.0% vs 51.2%, p&lt;0.001) and mortality (5.2% vs 1.3%, p=0.003) compared with patients without LAD involvement. With the exception of LVEF, these associations were not seen among patients with STEMI with OHCA and an LAD culprit. The presence of an LAD culprit was not independently associated with increased hospital mortality among patients with OHCA after adjusting for potential confounding factors. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study has demonstrated a differential impact of LAD involvement on clinical outcomes among patients with STEMI who present with and without OHCA. Our data highlight the complexity surrounding the prognostication following OHCA complicating STEMI and demonstrate that other mechanisms other than LAD involvement contribute to the high mortality associated with OHCA as a result of STEMI.
Analysis of data in square contingency tables with ordered categories using the conditional symmetry model and its decomposed models.
Authors: S Tomizawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

For the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories, three kinds of decompositions for the conditional symmetry model derived by Tomizawa are simply described. Using the conditional symmetry model and its decomposed models, this paper analyzes the data of unaided distance vision of women in Britain first analyzed by Stuart, the data of unaided distance vision of students in a university in Japan, and the data of unaided distance vision of pupils at elementary schools at a city in Tokyo.
Neoadjuvant treatment of unresectable liver disease with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: C. Pozzo, M. Basso, A. Cassano, M. Quirino, G. Schinzari, N. Trigila, M. Vellone, F. Giuliante, G. Nuzzo, C. Barone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Spinal Fluid Chloride: A Test 40 Years Past Its Time
Authors: Edgar J. Schoen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The Journal's recent consideration of inappropriate laboratory tests 1-3 brings back memories of 1947, Bellevue Hospital, CSF chloride, and noted pediatric clinician Edith Lincoln, whose clinical and teaching skills had a lasting effect. I was a junior medical student assigned to Bellevue's pediatric tuberculosis service in the mid-1940s, one of the largest of its kind in the country. In an era when tuberculous meningitis was a common CNS infection, classic teaching held that a low CSF chloride value was almost pathognomonic of this severe disease. Dr Lincoln taught otherwise; her studies showed that low CSF chloride values simply reflected total-body chloride depletion and hypochloremia secondary to prolonged vomiting. We were told that CSF glucose and protein determinations were helpful in assessing the course of tuberculous meningitis but that CSF chloride determination was worthless. 4,5   Her data, experience, and authority were convincing: those passing through the Bellevue
Relation between general practitioners' prescribing of antibacterial drugs and their use of laboratory tests
Authors: M. C Kelsey, G. A Kouloumas, P. A Lamport, C. L Davis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Only doctors can prescribe antibacterial drugs, and they must take responsibility for prescribing effective, appropriate, safe, and economic drugs. We audited the prescribing habits of general practices and related these to a list of antibiotics selected as first line drugs by a group of general practitioners. Compliance with this list was assumed to represent good practice. General practitioners have unrestricted access to facilities for laboratory testing of suspected infections, and we studied the association between practices achieving a high standard of prescribing antibiotics and their appropriate requests for investigations of children's urinary tract infections and women's genital infections.

Forty one general practitioners attended prescribing forums and formulated a list of first line antibacterial drugs (see footnote of table 1) which they thought would meet all their prescribing requirements not guided by microbiological sensitivity data. In our …
Heart disease screening in Japanese children.
Authors: T Ino, K Yabuta, K Yamauchi
Journal: BMJ (1993)

which are perceived as abusive, or he may be being seen as some other significant person in the patient's life.If the needs of the patient, including the need to express feelings and opinions, are put first these encounters can be rendered less traumatic.If gynaecologists function to satisfy their own needs -for example, "to convince [patients] that stereo- typing is unfair"-the scene is set for further conflict.
Critical link between TRAIL and CCL20 for the activation of TH2 cells and the expression of allergic airway disease
Authors: Markus Weckmann, Adam Collison, Jodie L Simpson, Matthias V Kopp, Peter A B Wark, Mark J Smyth, Hideo Yagita, Klaus I Matthaei, Nicole Hansbro, Bruce Whitehead, Peter G Gibson, Paul S Foster, Joerg Mattes
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Clinical and electrophysiologic determinants, treatment and survival of patients with sustained malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurring late after myocardial infarction
Authors: J. Anthony Gomes, Stephen L. Winters, Arisan Ergin, Joseph Machac, Manuel Estioko, Dimitrious Alexopoulous, Elena Pe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Rye Bs Disclose Ancestral Sequences in Cereal Genomes with a Potential Role in Gametophyte Chromatid Segregation
Authors: H. S. Pereira, A. Barao, A. Caperta, J. Rocha, W. Viegas, M. Delgado
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Two sequence families, E3900 and D1100, are amplified on the subtelomeric domain of the long arm of rye B chromosomes, the region that controls its drive mechanism. In this work, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a number of primers spanning E3900 shows that the organization and nucleotide sequence of E3900-related portions are present and highly conserved on rye A chromosomes as well as in other cereals. Quantitative Real-Time PCR estimates two E3900 sequences to be represented in 100–150 copies on Bs and at least as single copies on As. A novel E3900-related sequence, with a deletion that results in a frameshift and subsequently an open reading frame with putative DNA binding motifs, is identified. Expression analysis of E3900 indicates identical transcription levels in leaves from plants with and without Bs, showing that the expression of these sequences must be silenced on Bs and tightly regulated on As in leaves. In contrast, E3900 transcription is upregulated during meiosis exclusively in plants with Bs, maintaining a high level of transcription in the gametophyte. Interestingly, Bs not only influence their own chromatid segregation but also that of the regular chromosome complement of both rye and wheat. There is a drastic increase in frequency of disrupted metaphase and anaphase cells in the first mitosis of pollen grains carrying Bs, which appears to be due to anomalous adherences between sister chromatids. Taken together, this work provides insight into how E3900 sequences are potentially associated with important evolutionary mechanisms involved in basic cellular processes.
Pulse oximetry has limitations
Authors: M. Stoneham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Most anaesthetists are already aware of the dual problems of oxygenation and monitoring during endoscopy on sedated patients.1 The solution, however, may not be as simple as introducing supplemental oxygen and using pulse oximetry for all patients. There are crucial differences between a sedated patient undergoing endoscopy and an anaesthetised patient undergoing surgery.

Firstly, for patients undergoing endoscopy there is usually only one operator, who performs the endoscopy as well …
Europa Donna Meets to Beat Breast Cancer
Authors: C. Nelson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Europa Donna Meets to Beat Breast Cancer Get access Corinna Nelson Corinna Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 17, 7 September 1994, Pages 1274–1275, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.17.1274 Published: 07 September 1994
The BMJ through American eyes
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An editorial in the 17 February 2001 issue spoke of the “two US sisters” of the BMJ , the Western Journal of Medicine and the newly released BMJ USA .1 We bring bad and good news about the sisters. The bad news is that the Western Journal of Medicine , a popular publication among doctors in the western United States, has succumbed to the economic pressures faced by today's medical journals. The BMJ Publishing Group and the University of California regret that they were unable to keep this impressive journal in circulation. The good news is that BMJ USA …
Computer control of anticoagulant dose for therapeutic management.
Authors: P. J. Ryan, M. Gilbert, P. E. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To improve the standard of managing anticoagulant treatment and provide a basis for therapeutic quality control.Implementation of a comprehensive computerised system for decision support.Three anticoagulation clinics in South Warwickshire.Patients in South Warwickshire receiving anticoagulant treatment from September 1988 to March 1989.International normalised ratio was measured and recorded at each visit.688 Patients' visits were analysed statistically, and a 38% improvement was achieved in the results of international normalised ratios falling within the recommended therapeutic ranges of the British Society for Haematology.The implementation of a computerised anticoagulation support system resulted in better management of patients. The system provides a basis for uniform management of treatment and a common platform for national or international trials.
Measurement of Coronary Blood Flow Using Radioactive Iodine Compared with Nitrous Oxide
Authors: IVAN E. FORTE, JERRY E. SCHMITTHENNER, HUNTER S. NEAL
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The short time required for arterial blood to pass from the heart through the coronary sinus requires fast recording. Curves recorded simultaneously from the precordium and from either the proximal pulmonary artery or the coronary sinus afforded no means for approximating coronary blood flow. These results are interpreted as indicating that the radioisotope-dilution method for the determination of coronary blood flow is impracticable in the dog, with our present instrumentation. This is because of the inherent uncertainty and the numerous technical difficulties involved in putting a bolus into a coronary artery and recording from coronary-sinus blood, when using as standards of reference a nitrous-oxide flow and the Fick cardiac-output measurements.
The Exclusion or Eradication of Measles: Cost-Beneficial for Whom?
Authors: Sabu George
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Measles immunization has substantially reduced the incidence of measles in the United States. However, the large number of recent outbreaks<sup>1,2</sup>of measles is indeed a serious public health problem, as emphasized by Dr Schoenbaum's<sup>3</sup>editorial. The yearly costs of routine measles vaccination, surveillance, and response to imported cases may exceed $50 million.<sup>4</sup>The proportion of imported cases of measles will rise as coverage here increases. Dr Schoenbaum's suggestion that the foreign quarantine service be reinstituted is not cost-effective. Global eradication of measles is the most cost-effective way. As Foege<sup>4</sup>points out, the $32 million invested in the global smallpox eradication program over 12 years is now saved every three months in this country, because global eradication has made vaccination and surveillance unnecessary. Eradication of measles is feasible because, like smallpox, measles shows a single antigenic strain and has no animal reservoirs. But it
Ethical considerations regarding early liver transplantation in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy
Authors: Vincent Donckier, Valerio Lucidi, Thierry Gustot, Christophe Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

A recent study proposed that liver transplantation may represent life-saving treatment in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy. In this pilot experience, stringent patient selection resulted in major improvement of short-term survival with low rates of post-transplant alcohol relapse. In the context of organ shortage, which imposes a need for strict selection of transplant candidates, these results raise major ethical questions. Reluctance to perform liver transplantation in alcoholics is based on the fact that alcoholism is frequently considered to be self-inflicted and on fears of harmful post-transplant alcoholism recurrence. A minimal interval of sobriety lasting at least 6 months is a widely adopted criterion for the selection of patients with alcoholic liver disease for liver transplantation. In severe alcoholic hepatitis, the disastrous short-term prognosis in patients not responding to medical therapy does not allow one to reasonably impose an arbitrary period of 6-months of abstinence. This means that these patients must be either systematically excluded from transplantation or selected according to other criteria. Without significant pre-transplant abstinence, it might be argued that these patients do not merit a graft as they have not demonstrated their ability to gain control over their disease through durable modification of their behaviour. Consequently, this procedure could have a negative impact in the public, affecting organ donation and confidence in the fairness of transplant programs. In contrast, ethical principles recommend active treatment of patients, without discrimination, according to the best scientific knowledge. At this stage, we propose that there are no major ethical barriers for further evaluation of this new therapeutic option. The next steps should include transparent communication with the public and further studies to reproduce these results and identify the selection criteria that provide the best long-term outcomes.
Sex-Specific Survival Advantage with Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Randolph H. Hastings, Ann M.P. Laux, Andrea Casillas, Ronghui Xu, Zenaida Lukas, Karin Ernstrom, Leonard J. Deftos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) is commonly expressed in non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Expression of the protein could have implications for progression of the disease because it regulates cancer cell growth, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. However, its relationship with survival has not been evaluated in a large-scale investigation. Experimental Design: PTHrP expression was assessed in paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 407 patients with NSCLC by immunohistochemistry. A pathologist unaware of the clinical history classified specimens as PTHrP positive or PTHrP negative. The log-rank test was used to compare survivals of PTHrP-positive and PTHrP-negative groups, and Cox regression was used to adjust for additional covariates. Results: Median survival was 55 versus 22 months (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in female patients with and without tumor PTHrP, respectively. Male survival was 38 months independent of PTHrP status. Stage, histology, age, and smoking history were also associated with increased longevity. PTHrP remained a significant predictor of survival for female patients after controlling for stage, histology, and age. Conclusions: In this study, PTHrP expression was associated with a survival advantage in female patients. Additional investigations must be done to ascertain whether the result is reproducible and independent of potential confounding covariates. Sex-dependent effects of PTHrP in lung cancer would open new avenues of research into the role of sex in cancer progression.
Improving outcomes in depression
Authors: M. Von Korff, D. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Around 450 million people worldwide have mental or psychosocial problems, but most of those who turn to health services for help will not be correctly diagnosed or will not get the right treatment.1 Even those whose problems are recognised may not receive adequate care. In a World Health Organization study of psychological disorders in general health care carried out in 14 countries around the world patients with major depression were as likely to be treated with sedatives as with antidepressants, although antidepressants were associated with more favourable outcomes at three month follow up. This benefit had dissipated by follow up at 12 months; but patients had only been taking drug treatment for a mean of 11 weeks, with a quarter of them doing so for less than a month.2 About two thirds of patients whose illnesses were recognised and treated with drugs still had a diagnosis of mental illness at follow up one year later, and in nearly a half the diagnosis was still major depression. Indeed, there are …
A REVIEW OF TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN BRITAIN
Authors: ALAN LYELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article A REVIEW OF TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN BRITAIN Get access ALAN LYELL ALAN LYELL Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 12, 1 December 1967, Pages 662–671, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11434.x Published: 01 December 1967
Effect of Motilin on Gastric Emptying in Patients With Diabetic Gastroparesis
Authors: Roland Schmid, Volker Schusdziarra, Hans-Dieter Allescher, Ioannes Bofilias, Gerhard Buttermann, Meinhard Classen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Because disturbances of gastric emptying are a serious complication in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with regard to the maintenance of good metabolic control, we wanted to assess the effectiveness of motilin as a potential treatment for gastric emptying disturbances.The intestinal hormone motilin has been shown to accelerate gastric emptying in healthy subjects. Therefore, we examined the effect of intravenous motilin on gastric emptying of a 99mTc colloid-labeled semisolid test meal in 9 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic gastroparesis. All patients had a significantly delayed gastric emptying rate compared with a group of 11 healthy control subjects.During the infusion of motilin, gastric emptying was accelerated, and it was no longer significantly different from control values.These data demonstrate that motilin and related compounds such as erythromycin derivatives could be useful for the treatment of disturbed gastric emptying in diabetic subjects.
Reduction of Catheter-Induced Infections-Reply
Authors: Lester Persky
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Dr Rhodes' letter is an attempt to help in the problem of catheter-induced infections. The study I cited by Dr Arthur Evans and associates from the University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Division of Urology, was carefully controlled and seemed a worthwhile alternative to the ineffective catheter irrigations and continuous or intermittent attempts at sterilization of the urethral meatus. The study from Dr Rhodes' own hospital perhaps should be extended and more rigidly controlled if he is to refute the previously cited seemingly well-controlled study by Evans et al.