tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Germline Mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 in Patients With Barrett Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mohammed Orloff, Charissa Peterson, Xin He, Shireen Ganapathi, Brandie Heald, Yi-ran Yang, Gurkan Bebek, Todd Romigh, Jee Hoon Song, Wenjing Wu, Stefan David, Yulan Cheng, Stephen J. Meltzer, Charis Eng
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Barrett esophagus (BE) occurs in 1% to 10% of the general population and is believed to be the precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The incidence of EAC has increased 350% in the last 3 decades without clear etiology. Finding predisposition genes may improve premorbid risk assessment, genetic counseling, and management. Genome-wide multiplatform approaches may lead to the identification of genes important in BE/EAC development.To identify risk alleles or mutated genes associated with BE/EAC.Model-free linkage analyses of 21 concordant-affected sibling pairs with BE/EAC and 11 discordant sibling pairs (2005-2006). Significant germline genomic regions in independent prospectively accrued series of 176 white patients with BE/EAC and 200 ancestry-matched controls (2007-2010) were validated and fine mapped. Integrating data from these significant genomic regions with somatic gene expression data from 19 BE/EAC tissues yielded 12 "priority" candidate genes for mutation analysis (2010). Genes that showed mutations in cases but not in controls were further screened in an independent prospectively accrued validation series of 58 cases (2010).Identification of germline mutations in genes associated with BE/EAC cases. Functional interrogation of the most commonly mutated gene.Three major genes, MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1 were associated with BE/EAC (all P < .001). In addition, 13 patients (11.2%) with BE/EAC carried germline mutations in MSR1, ASCC1, or CTHRC1. MSR1 was the most frequently mutated, with 8 of 116 (proportion, 0.069; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.030-0.130; P < .001) cases with c.877C>T (p.R293X). An independent validation series confirmed germline MSR1 mutations in 2 of 58 cases (proportion, 0.035; 95% CI, 0.004-0.120; P = .09). MSR1 mutation resulted in CCND1 up-regulation in peripheral-protein lysate. Immunohistochemistry of BE tissues in MSR1-mutation carriers showed increased nuclear expression of CCND1.MSR1 was significantly associated with the presence of BE/EAC in derivation and validation samples, although it was only present in a small percentage of the cases.
EXPERIMENTS ON NORMAL AND IMMUNE MICE WITH A BACILLUS OF MOUSE TYPHOID
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

If live cultures of a mouse strain of Bacillus pestis caviae are injected intrapleurally or intraperitoneally into normal mice, there occurs an initial lag in the rate of bacterial multiplication lasting a few hours, followed by a rapid and continued acceleration of growth until the death of the animal. If live cultures of this organism are given per os to normal mice, there occurs an incubation period of 5 to 6 days, after which the animal usually develops symptoms of disease and succumbs. A small percentage of mice, however, proves refractory to infection by this route. If live cultures of this organism are injected intrapleurally or intraperitoneally into mice previously "vaccinated" intrapleurally or intraperitoneally, they are partially destroyed and held in check by the protective mechanisms of the animal body for 2 or 3 days. Subsequently the rate of bacterial multiplication increases gradually until the death of the animal. The partial protection following this type of "vaccination" is entirely of a general nature; no evidence of a local immunity has been obtained. Mice given one, two, or three subcutaneous doses of "vaccine" show a similar relative increase in resistance to the subsequent intraperitoneal or per os injection of live organisms. Feeding mice live or killed cultures of this organism induces a definite protection against subsequent intrastomachal and intraperitoneal injections of live organisms. The immunity developed in this way is also of a general as opposed to a local nature.
TCT-592 Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine In-Stent Restenosis Model, But Not Contemporaneous Injury+Treatment Model, Predicts Efficacy of Drug Coated Balloon in Peripheral Arteries
Authors: Maxwell Afari, Armando Tellez, Yanping Cheng, Seung-Jin Oh, Piotr Buszman, Krzysztof Milewski, Jong Shiuan Yeh, Juan Granada, Greg Kaluza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Rise of Viagra: How the Little Blue Pill Changed Sex in America
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Is there any aspect of human life more connected to one's sense of self than sex? If we change the way we think about sex, surely we are changing the way we think about ourselves? If we change sex, we change ourselves. This is the simple, frightening argument at the heart of Meika Loe's sociological analysis of sildenafil (Viagra)—frightening not because some dark commercial conspiracy is revealed, but rather, because it seems that some profound and perhaps unwelcome changes may be taking place in our culture and in our bedrooms, imperceptibly.

   ![][1] 

Meika Loe

New York University Press, $27.95, pp 288 http://www.nyupress.org/ ISBN 0814752004

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A self described activist scholar and assistant professor of sociology and women's studies at Colgate University, New York state, Loe has a strong academic interest in men and sex. She even spent some time as a waitress at a restaurant chain called Bazooms in the 1990s, where the women “wear short shorts and tight tank tops,” on a kind of undercover research mission. Relating a short account of her experiences at Bazooms, she contrasts the restaurant's tawdry reality with its prefabricated fantasy, setting the …

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Endemic<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Marc Foca, Kathleen Jakob, Susan Whittier, Phyllis Della Latta, Stephanie Factor, David Rubenstein, Lisa Saiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Nosocomial infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been well described, but the environmental reservoir of the organism varies. We conducted an epidemiologic and molecular investigation of endemic P. aeruginosa infection among infants in a neonatal intensive care unit that was associated with carriage of the organisms on the hands of health care workers.In August 1998, colonization or infection with P. aeruginosa was identified in six infants. Surveillance cultures for P. aeruginosa were obtained from the other 27 infants in the unit, and possible environmental reservoirs were also assessed. The hands of health care workers were inspected and cultured, and risk factors for P. aeruginosa colonization were evaluated. Isolates were analyzed for clonality by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Surveillance cultures showed that three additional infants were colonized with P. aeruginosa. Cultures of environmental specimens were negative, but cultures of the hands of 10 of 165 health care workers (6 percent) were positive for P. aeruginosa. Increasing age (P=0.05) and a history of the use of artificial fingernails or nail wraps (P=0.03) were both risk factors for colonization of the hands. From January 1997 to August 1998, 49 infants were infected or colonized with P. aeruginosa. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that 17 of these infants and 1 health care worker who had onychomycosis had the same clone. Infants who were exposed to this health care worker in August 1998 were at greater risk of having this clone than infants who were not exposed to this health care worker (odds ratio, 41.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 940.0; P=0.006).An increased rate of infection and colonization with P. aeruginosa among infants in neonatal intensive care units should be investigated by assessing potential reservoirs, including environmental sources as well as patients and health care workers.
Octylphenol (OP) alters the expression of members of the amyloid protein family in the hypothalamus of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina.
Authors: Vance L Trudeau, Suzanne Chiu, Sean W Kennedy, Ronald J Brooks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The gonadal estrogen estradiol-17beta (E(2)) is important for developing and regulating hypothalamic function and many aspects of reproduction in vertebrates. Pollutants such as octylphenol (OP) that mimic the actions of estrogens are therefore candidate endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We used a differential display strategy (RNA-arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction) to isolate partial cDNA sequences of neurotransmitter, developmental, and disease-related genes that may be regulated by OP or E(2) in the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina serpentina hypothalamus. Hatchling and year-old male snapping turtles were exposed to a 10 ng/mL nominal concentration of waterborne OP or E(2) for 17 days. One transcript [421 base pairs (bp)] regulated by OP and E(2) was 93% identical to human APLP-2. APLP-2 and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulate neuronal differentiation and are also implicated in the genesis of Alzheimer disease in humans. Northern blot analysis determined that the turtle hypothalamus contains a single APLP-2 transcript of 3.75 kb in length. Exposure to OP upregulated hypothalamic APLP-2 mRNA levels 2-fold (p &lt; 0.05) in month-old and yearling turtles. E(2) did not affect APLP-2 mRNA levels in hatchlings but stimulated a 2-fold increase (p &lt; 0.05) in APLP-2 mRNA levels in yearling males. The protein beta-amyloid, a selectively processed peptide derived from APP, is also involved in neuronal differentiation, and accumulation of this neurotoxic peptide causes neuronal degeneration in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Therefore, we also sought to determine the effects of estrogens on the expression of beta-amyloid. Using homology cloning based on known sequences, we isolated a cDNA fragment (474 bp) from turtle brain with 88% identity to human APP. Northern blot analysis determined that a single 3.5-kb transcript was expressed in the turtle hypothalamus. Waterborne OP also increased the expression of hypothalamic APP after 35 days of exposure. Our results indicate that low levels of OP are bioactive and can alter the expression of APLP-2 and APP. Because members of the APP gene family are involved in neuronal development, we hypothesize that OP exposure may disrupt hypothalamic development in young turtles.
Overexpression of the death-promoting gene bax-alpha which is downregulated in breast cancer restores sensitivity to different apoptotic stimuli and reduces tumor growth in SCID mice.
Authors: R C Bargou, C Wagener, K Bommert, M Y Mapara, P T Daniel, W Arnold, M Dietel, H Guski, A Feller, H D Royer, B Dörken
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have studied the expression of members of the bcl-2 family in human breast cancer. The expression pattern of these genes in breast cancer tissue samples was compared with the expression pattern in normal breast epithelium. No marked difference with regard to bcl-2 and bcl-xL expression was observed between normal breast epithelium and cancer tissue. In contrast, bax-alpha, a splice variant of bax, which promotes apoptosis, is expressed in high amounts in normal breast epithelium, whereas only weak or no expression could be detected in 39 out of 40 cancer tissue samples examined so far. Of interest, downregulation of bax-alpha was found in different histological subtypes. Furthermore, we transfected bax-alpha into breast cancer cell lines under the control of a tetracycline-dependent expression system. We were able to demonstrate for the first time that induction of bax expression in breast cancer cell lines restores sensitivity towards both serum starvation and APO-I/Fas-triggered apoptosis and significantly reduces tumor growth in SCID mice. Therefore, we propose that dysregulation of apoptosis might contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer at least in part due to an imbalance between members of the bcl-2 gene family.
Deposition of eosinophil cationic protein in granulomas in allergic granulomatosis and vasculitis: the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Authors: P C Tai, M E Holt, P Denny, A R Gibbs, B D Williams, C J Spry
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Biopsy specimens and tissues obtained at necropsy from two women who died after developing the Churg-Strauss syndrome were analysed to see whether granulomas in these patients contained activated eosinophils or secreted eosinophil cationic proteins, or both. Immunocytochemical studies with monoclonal antibody EG2 showed large amounts of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil protein-X (which are toxic for heart cells and other tissues) in the granulomas. Many activated and degranulating eosinophils were seen to be migrating from the blood into these areas. Eosinophils may play a central part in the development of lesions in the heart and other tissues in the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Adrenal Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Metastatic to the Epicardium
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Till Sebastian Clauditz, Christian Rolf Habermann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We report a rare case of adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma metasta-tic to the epicardium diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 61-year-old man presented with fatigue, unintentional weight loss, night sweats, and elevated inflammatory markers. FDG PET/CT demonstrated intense uptake in a space-occupying lesion in the right adrenal gland and increased uptake in a lesion adjacent to the heart. Histopathologic evaluation revealed an epithelioid angiosarcoma of the right adrenal gland metastatic to the epicardium. FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool for characterization and making the therapeutic decision concerning indeterminate or suspicious adrenal tumors.
Identification of MNDA as a new marker for nodal marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: G Kanellis, G Roncador, A Arribas, M Mollejo, S Montes-Moreno, L Maestre, Y Campos-Martin, J L Ríos Gonzalez, J L Martinez-Torrecuadrada, L Sanchez-Verde, R Pajares, J C Cigudosa, M C Martin, M A Piris
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Abstract 1441: Use of RFP and GFP transgenic nude mice to study the tumor microenvironment of liver metastasis
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Yosuke Osawa, Mashito Nagaki, Shigetoyo Saji, Hisataka Moriwaki, Masashi Momiyama, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression in the liver. To examine the role of the TME in liver metastasis, we developed color-coded imaging of the TME using green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic and red fluorescent protein (RFP) transgenic nude mice, to investigate cancer-host-cell interaction. Non-colored human colon cancer cells (HCT-116, 2×106 / 50 µl) were injected in the spleen of GFP or RFP nude mice. Fluorescence imaging of the metastatic liver tumors used the Olympus OV100 small animal imaging system. The fluorescence area of the liver was measured and liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and desmin. HCT-116 cells formed tumor colonies in the liver 28 days after cell transplantation to the spleen. In the metastatic liver tumors in RFP nude mice, RFP-expressing stroma cells derived from the host animal appeared around the edge of HCT-116 tumors. The infiltration of RFP-expressing inflammatory cells was observed in the central necrotic area of the tumors. The fluorescence of the metastatic liver tumors in the GFP nude mice was weaker than that from the RFP mice. In the GFP mouse, only non-parenchymal cells of the liver had GFP fluoresecence. The GFP non-parenchymal cells greatly increased in the liver during tumor-colony growth and surrounded the metastatic tumors. Desmin positive cells predmoninated in the non-parenchymal and increased around the metastatic tumors suggesting that fibroblasts are greatly increased around the metastatic tumors in the liver and may have a role in tumor progression. This novel imaging model of the TME will enable the identification and characterization of stromal cells involved in cancer progression in the liver. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1441.
IGFBP-1 is highly induced during acute CCL4 liver injury andpotentiates the IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of rat hepaticstellate cells (HSC)
Authors: J.-G. Scharf, F. Dombrowski, B. Saile, C. Eisenbach, I. Demori, T. Braulke, H. Hartmann, G. Ramadori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Evaluation of aerosol IL-2 in sarcoma patients with lung metastases for future combination therapy with infused natural killer cells
Authors: Aung Naing, Pete Anderson, Sergei Guma, Hsuan-Chu Chien, Lacey MM McQuinn, Joshua P Hein, Ralph G Zinner, Eugenie S Kleinerman, Nancy Gordon
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts To circumvent significant toxicities associated with high dose systemic IL-2 treatment, organ-specific delivery such as inhalational IL-2 has been studied. Our pre-clinical data demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of aerosol IL-2 in a human OS mouse model with no toxicity. The
MAGNITUDE AND DURATION OF INTRACARDIAC ST-SEGMENT CHANGES FOR CONFIRMED CLINICAL EVENTS: FIRST IN-MAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: C. Michael Gibson, Vanildo Guimar&atilde;es, Michael S. John, David Keenan, Audes Feitosa, Paulo de Tarso Medeiros, Leopoldo Piegas, Mitchell Krucoff, David Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ancient Medicine: Selected Papers of Ludwig Edelstein
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Ludwig Edelstein was one of the great modern scholars of Greek medicine. The first part of his life he spent in Germany, the latter part in the United States, chiefly at Johns Hopkins and the Rockefeller University. A man of great personal integrity and profound scholarship, he achieved scholarly renown in philology, philosophy, and history of medicine. He is perhaps most widely known for his definitive work on Asclepius, published with Mrs. Edelstein.  Much of his work had originally been published in German and was not readily available to English readers. Before his untimely death he planned to collect some of his writings, including translations of certain German articles. Now the work has been brought to completion and edited by his long-time friends, Owsei and Lilian Temkin. The translations, by Lilian Temkin, are excellently done, and the whole is splendidly edited.  The essays fall into four groups. The first deals
Italian doctors can report illegal immigrants to police, under proposed law
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A law that will allow health professionals to report to the authorities any patient whom they suspect of being an illegal immigrant has been proposed by the Italian centre right government led by Silvio Berlusconi.

Until now health professionals have been barred from reporting patients to the police, except in well defined cases in which evidence indicates a direct involvement in a crime.

But the “security package” approved last week by the Italian Senate, despite widespread criticism, overturns the previous ban, stating that doctors are free to report those they suspect may be living illegally in the country.

“It’s the end of professional confidentiality,” said Kostas Moschochoritis, director …
Alpha-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®) in treatment naive japanese chronic hepatitis C patients: A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase iii trial
Authors: T. Sakai, S. Iino, T. Okuno, M. Omata, K. Kiyosawa, H. Kumada, G. Yamada, N. Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Nancy Cruzan and the Right to Die
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The national discussion concerning decision making for incompetent patients began with the 1976 case of Karen Ann Quinlan. Because she had been left in a persistent vegetative state after two periods of anoxia, her parents sought court authorization to remove her from a ventilator. The New Jersey Supreme Court, in a landmark, unanimous decision, authorized the removal on the basis of Quinlan's constitutional right of privacy, which the court concluded would be lost unless her parents were given authority to exercise it on her behalf.1 In the 15 years since Quinlan, courts in almost 20 states have reviewed disputes . . .
Simultaneous determination of the stroke volume and the left ventricular residual fraction with the fiberoptic- and thermodilution method
Authors: W. D. Bussmann, H. P. Krayenbuhl, W. Rutishauser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Simultaneous measurements of the concentration of dye by a fiberoptic catheter and of the temperature by a thermistor catheter were obtained in dogs. No significant difference for cardiac output and stroke volume was found. The slightly but significant higher residual fraction by thermodilution than by fiberoptic technique is caused by cold transfer between ventricular myocardium and cavity. It becomes evident after the fifth beat.
Effect of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Sexual Dysfunction in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rena R. Wing, Dale S. Bond, Isaias Noel Gendrano, Thomas Wadden, Judy Bahnson, Cora E. Lewis, Frederick Brancati, Stephen Schneider, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Brent Van Dorsten, Raymond C. Rosen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Sexual dysfunction is a prevalent problem in obese women with type 2 diabetes. This study examined the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in these women.Look AHEAD is a 16-center, randomized, controlled trial evaluating the health effects of ILI compared with a control group (diabetes support and education [DSE]). The Look AHEAD Sexual Function Ancillary study included 375 female participants at five Look AHEAD sites. Participants completed the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and assessments of weight and cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and 1 year were made.At baseline, 50% of the 229 participants who reported being sexually active met criteria for female sexual dysfunction (FSD); only BDI score was related to FSD. One-year weight losses were greater in the ILI group than in the DSE group (7.6 vs. 0.45 kg; P<0.001). Among women with FSD at baseline, those in the ILI group (N=60) compared with those in the DSE group (N=53) were significantly more likely to remain sexually active (83 vs. 64%; P<0.008), reported greater improvement in total FSFI scores and in most FSFI domains (P<0.05), and were more likely to experience remission of FSD (28 vs. 11%; P<0.04) at 1 year. No significant differences between ILI and DSE were seen in women who did not have FSD at baseline.Participation in ILI appeared to have beneficial effects on sexual functioning among obese women with diabetes, particularly in those who had FSD at baseline.
Improving Online Access to Medical Information for Low-Income Countries
Authors: Barbara Aronson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Over the past two years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has worked with publishing partners (including the Journal) to improve online access to scientific resources as a way of supporting health professionals, medical researchers, and academics in developing countries. WHO helped to create the Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI, http://www.healthinternetwork.org), which offers health and medical institutions in 69 of the world's lowest-income countries free online access to a large library of important international journals. This initiative has been expanded to include an additional 44 countries that qualify for access to the journals at a very low price. . . .