tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heritability and Preliminary Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Arsenic Metabolites in Urine
Authors: Maria Tellez-Plaza, Matthew O. Gribble, V. Saroja Voruganti, Kevin A. Francesconi, Walter Goessler, Jason G. Umans, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eliseo Guallar, Nora Franceschini, Kari E. North, Wen H. Kao, Jean W. MacCluer, Shelley A. Cole, Ana Navas-Acien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Arsenic (III) methyltransferase (AS3MT) has been related to urine arsenic metabolites in association studies. Other genes might also play roles in arsenic metabolism and excretion.We evaluated genetic determinants of urine arsenic metabolites in American Indian adults from the Strong Heart Study (SHS).We evaluated heritability of urine arsenic metabolites [percent inorganic arsenic (%iAs), percent monomethylarsonate (%MMA), and percent dimethylarsinate (%DMA)] in 2,907 SHS participants with urine arsenic measurements and at least one relative within the cohort. We conducted a preliminary linkage analysis in a subset of 487 participants with available genotypes on approximately 400 short tandem repeat markers using a general pedigree variance component approach for localizing quantitative trait loci (QTL).The medians (interquartile ranges) for %iAs, %MMA, and %DMA were 7.7% (5.4-10.7%), 13.6% (10.5-17.1%), and 78.4% (72.5-83.1%), respectively. The estimated heritability was 53% for %iAs, 50% for %MMA, and 59% for %DMA. After adjustment for sex, age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption, region, and total urine arsenic concentrations, LOD [logarithm (to the base of 10) of the odds] scores indicated suggestive evidence for genetic linkage with QTLs influencing urine arsenic metabolites on chromosomes 5 (LOD = 2.03 for %iAs), 9 (LOD = 2.05 for %iAs and 2.10 for %MMA), and 11 (LOD = 1.94 for %iAs). A peak for %DMA on chromosome 10 within 2 Mb of AS3MT had an LOD of 1.80.This population-based family study in American Indian communities supports a genetic contribution to variation in the distribution of arsenic metabolites in urine and, potentially, the involvement of genes other than AS3MT.
FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THE PATELLAR REFLEX AS SEEN IN THE PSYCHOSES
Authors: Edward A. Strecker, Joseph Hughes
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

1. The knee jerk and its response to reinforcement have been studied in the different psychoses. 2. Manic-depressive, depressed, and involutional patients showing symptoms of agitation and depression give large reflex responses. As the mental symptoms subside the size of the reflex decreases. 3. Agitated and depressed patients are unable to reinforce a maximal patellar reflex response. Evidence is presented that this failure of the reinforcing act to increase the size of the knee jerk is a phenomena of occlusion. 4. Hypomanic patients give unpredictable reflex responses. 5. Schizophrenic patients give responses similar to those obtained from normal individuals.
Lawrence O. Gostin. <i>The AIDS Pandemic: Complacency, Injustice, and Unfulfilled Expectations.</i> Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 400 pp. $34.95, hardcover.
Authors: Mandy Garber
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

"Lawrence O. Gostin. The AIDS Pandemic: Complacency, Injustice, and Unfulfilled Expectations. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 400 pp. $34.95, hardcover.." The American Journal of Bioethics, 4(4), pp. 82–83
Suramin, an experimental chemotherapeutic drug, activates the receptor for epidermal growth factor and promotes growth of certain malignant cells.
Authors: M Cardinali, O Sartor, K C Robbins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Previous studies have shown that suramin is capable of disrupting autocrine growth involving coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in a fibroblast model for mesenchymal oncogenesis. Suramin is currently in use as an experimental drug for the treatment of patients with epithelial cell tumors. In the present study, we have investigated the efficacy of suramin in a carcinoma model system. Our findings demonstrate that suramin enhances cell surface signaling in A431 cells by activating an autocrine loop involving the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR). The mechanism of suramin action was shown to be indirect, not affecting the ability of ligand to bind and activate the EGFR. Instead, suramin induced the release of membrane-bound transforming growth factor alpha, thereby increasing its potential to activate cell surface EGFRs. Since suramin potently blocks tyrosine phosphorylation induced by platelet-derived growth factor but can activate the growth pathway regulated by the EGFR, biological responses of tumor cells to suramin treatment may differ dramatically.
Implantable Defibrillators for the Prevention of Mortality in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akshay S. Desai, James C. Fang, William H. Maisel, Kenneth L. Baughman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy is effective in primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death among patients with prior myocardial infarction and depressed ejection fraction. However, conclusive evidence of survival benefit in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) is still lacking.To determine whether ICD therapy reduces all-cause mortality in patients with NICM.MEDLINE (1966-2004), EMBASE (1991-2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (through first quarter, 2004), reports presented at scientific meetings (2003-2004), and bibliographic review of secondary sources. Search terms included defibrillator, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and sudden death.Eligible studies were prospective randomized controlled trials of ICD or combined cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT-D) vs medical therapy enrolling at least some individuals with NICM and reporting all-cause mortality as an outcome. Of 675 potentially relevant articles screened initially, 8 reports of randomized trials enrolling a total of 2146 patients with NICM were included.Included studies were reviewed to determine the number of patients randomized, mean duration of follow-up, primary end point, mortality of ICD cohort, and mortality of control cohort.Five primary prevention trials enrolling 1854 patients with NICM were identified; pooled analysis suggested a significant reduction in total mortality among patients randomized to ICD or CRT-D vs medical therapy (risk ratio [RR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.87; P = .002). Mortality reduction remained significant even after elimination of CRT-D trials. Two of the 3 secondary prevention trials presented subgroup estimates for ICD efficacy in NICM. Pooled analysis of these secondary prevention trials (n = 256 patients with NICM) indicated an equivalent but nonsignificant mortality reduction with ICD therapy (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.24; P = .22). Analysis of all 7 trials combined demonstrated a statistically significant 31% overall reduction in mortality with ICD therapy (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.86; P = .002).ICD therapy appears to significantly reduce mortality in selected patients with NICM.
Effects of hypoxia and phenobarbital treatment on the metabolism of mitomycin C in experimental animals
Authors: Fumio Nomura, Kunihiko Ohnishi, Hirofumi Koen, Shinji Iida, Yuichi Tanabe, Hitoshi Hatano, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

To evaluate the effects of anaerobic conditions and inducers for the mixed-function oxidase system on the metabolism of mitomycin C, a bioreductive alkylating agent widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, experiments so designed were performed in rats and mice. Metabolism of mitomycin C by microsomes from normal rat liver and diethyl-nitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma tissue was assessed from the disappearance of the quinone portion of mitomycin C and by measurement of alkylating metabolites using 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine as a trapping agent. The metabolism of mitomycin C measured by the two independent methods was strikingly increased under anaerobic conditions in both intact and tumor tissues. Since involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the metabolic activation of mitomycin C was shown recently, effects of representative inducers for the mixed-function oxidase system on the metabolism of mitomycin C were also studied. Phenobarbital treatment resulted in a significant increase in the metabolism of mitomycin C in both intact and tumor tissues under anaerobic conditions. The markedly enhanced formation of active metabolites of mitomycin C under anaerobic conditions may explain on a metabolic basis, at least in part, our recent clinical observations that chemoembolizations with microcapsular forms of mitomycin C is more effective than conventional bolus administration of this agent in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Combination of anaerobic conditions and induction of the mixed-function oxidase system may be applicable to chemotherapy of hepatic malignancy.
High-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Michelle Petri
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cocaine Use and Death During Heat Waves
Authors: Edwin M. Kilbourne
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Associated Risk Factors Among Sioux Indians
Authors: Daniel M Berinstein, Ruggles M Stahn, Thomas K Welty, Gary R Leonardson, John J Herlihy
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Sioux Indians of South Dakota.Strong Heart Study (SHS) participants with diabetes who are members of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe and the Oglala Sioux Tribe were invited to have ophthalmological examinations in 1991. A total of 417 people had eye examinations out of the 488 diabetic SHS participants of the two tribes (85% participation rate). Fundus photographs were obtained of each eye and graded for severity of retinopathy using the modified Airlie House Classification Scheme. Risk factors for retinopathy were determined from the SHS database.The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among participants from these tribes was 45.3%. Risk factors associated with severity of retinopathy include mean fasting glucose, level. HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, renal dialysis, and duration of diabetes.The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic Sioux Indians is similar to or higher than the prevalence in other diabetic Indian and non-Indian populations. Aggressive glycemic and blood pressure control is urgently needed to reduce this high rate, and annual eye examinations to detect and treat diabetic retinopathy should be emphasized.
Total Synthesis of Insulin.
Authors: Panoyotis Katsoyannis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Total Synthesis of Insulin.Panoyotis Katsoyannis, Ph.D.Panoyotis Katsoyannis, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1079_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe synthesis of the A- and B-chains of insulin and their isolation in the S-sulfonate form were accomplished. Combination experiments between the synthetic A- and natural B-chain, the synthetic B- and the natural A-chain, and between the synthetic A- and B-chains generated insulin activity. The yield of the generated activity in all cases was within the range of the activity obtained whensimilarlytreated natural A- and B-chains are combined. This work represents the first chemical synthesis of a naturally occurring protein and constitutes a case in which the proposed primary structure of a protein has been confirmed by chemical... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Panoyotis Katsoyannis, Ph.D.Affiliations: Upton, Long Island, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe contributions of insulin to science in medicineCommemorating insulin's centennial: engineering insulin pharmacology towards physiology 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1079-1079KeywordsChemical synthesisInsulinProtein structureProtein synthesis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
The X-Linked Intellectual Disability Protein TSPAN7 Regulates Excitatory Synapse Development and AMPAR Trafficking
Authors: Silvia Bassani, Lorenzo A. Cingolani, Pamela Valnegri, Alessandra Folci, Jonathan Zapata, Antonella Gianfelice, Carlo Sala, Yukiko Goda, Maria Passafaro
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Clinical Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: T Similowski, W A Whitelaw, J-P Derenne, Editors. Lung Biology in Health and Disease, Volume 165. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002. $250.00. ISBN 0 8247 0610 2
Authors: M D L Morgan
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Revision of BTS guidelines for treatment of asthmaThe paper by Ward et al 1 confirms the findings of Laitinen et al 2 showing that airways inflammation is present even in patients with mild asthma.This emphasises the importance of using anti-inflammatory drugs (steroids) as soon as the diagnosis of asthma has been confirmed, even in patients thought to have only "mild asthma".Without antiinflammatory treatment, symptoms resulting from bronchial hyperresponsiveness are never controlled and optimal lung function is never attained.Over time, structural changes (remodelling) occur leading to a progressive decline in lung function 3 and the risk of fixed obstruction (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).The present widespread dependence on bronchodilators in the UK may contribute to the fact that we have one of the highest respiratory death rates in Europe. 4The use of bronchodilators alone as in step 1 of the BTS guidelines should be discouraged, and treatment started at step 2 with regular inhaled corticosteroids to control symptoms and maximise peak flow rate.Bronchodilators should be used only as necessary for breakthrough wheezing.These principles have been used in Finland since 1994 with remarkable success in treating asthma. 5 The new BTS guidelines would do well to follow their example.
Self monitoring of triglyceride concentrations: Inappropriate analysis
Authors: P R Jackson, W W Yeo, I G Chadwick, L E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1993)

ignored in the analysis of the results.It is quite invalid to infer a real effect if a change in one patient group achieves an arbitrary level of statistical significance while that in a control group does not.A direct statistical comparison of the change in each group is necessary.I assume that the appropriate analysis was omitted because of space constraints in this short report.
UN calls for safe humanitarian corridors in northern Yemen as conflict escalates
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Senior United Nations officials have called for humanitarian corridors to be opened in northern Yemen as hostilities between government forces and the rebel Al-Houthi Shi’ite groups escalate. Relief aid is badly needed for thousands of civilians who have been displaced or are still trapped in the fire zone, they say.

A situation report by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Relief has described the health situation in the Sa’ada governate, in the north west of the country, as “alarming.”

World Health Organization officials say that outbreaks of diseases such as malaria, diarrhoea, and measles …
Ectopic Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 in Hepatocytes Accelerates Hepatocarcinogenesis by Driving Proliferation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Angiogenesis
Authors: Xinqiang Huang, Chundong Yu, Chengliu Jin, Masashi Kobayashi, Courtney A. Bowles, Fen Wang, Wallace L. McKeehan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling mediates cell-to-cell communication in development and organ homeostasis in adults. Of the four FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinases, only FGFR4 is expressed in mature hepatocytes. Although FGFR1 is expressed by hepatic cell progenitors and adult nonparenchymal cells, ectopic expression is commonly observed in hepatoma cells. Here, we determined whether ectopic FGFR1 is a cause or consequence of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting a constitutively active human FGFR1 to mouse hepatocytes. Livers of transgenic mice exhibited accelerated regeneration after partial hepatectomy but no signs of neoplastic or preneoplastic abnormalities for up to 18 months. However, in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice, the chronic FGFR1 activity promoted an incidence of 44% adenomas at 4 months and 38% hepatocellular carcinoma at 8 months. No adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in diethylnitrosamine-treated wild-type (WT) livers at 4 or 8 months, respectively. At 10 and 12 months, tumor-bearing livers in transgenic mice were twice the size of those in WT animals. Isolated hepatoma cells from the transgenic tumors exhibited a growth advantage in culture. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the transgenic livers exhibited a reduced rate of necrosis. This was accompanied by a mean microvessel density of 2.7 times that of WT tumors and a markedly higher level of vascular endothelial growth factor. In cooperation with an initiator, the persistent activity of ectopic FGFR1 in hepatocytes is a strong promoter of hepatocellular carcinoma by driving cell proliferation at early stages and promoting neoangiogenesis at late stages of progression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1481-90)
Campaign is launched to save the Wellcome Trust medical history centre
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A worldwide campaign has been launched to save the renowned Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London (UCL) from closure.

Staff at the centre have joined forces with emeritus academics in calling for a reversal of the decision, announced jointly by UCL and the Wellcome Trust earlier this month, to close the centre within two years. A petition against the closure was being launched this week and a blog on the centre’s website has attracted messages of support from academics at universities from Thailand to California.

The plan stems from a failure of UCL and the Wellcome Trust to agree …
1041-98 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits stat-1 activation and protects cardiac myocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis
Authors: Anastasis Stephanou, Carol Chen-Scarabelli, David Latchman, Julius Gardin, Jagat Narula, Tiziano Scarabelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Formaldehyde and Epigenetic Alterations: MicroRNA Changes in the Nasal Epithelium of Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Julia E. Rager, Benjamin C. Moeller, Melanie Doyle-Eisele, Dean Kracko, James A. Swenberg, Rebecca C. Fry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Formaldehyde is an air pollutant present in both indoor and outdoor atmospheres. Because of its ubiquitous nature, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying formaldehyde-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can influence disease caused by environmental exposures, yet miRNAs are understudied in relation to formaldehyde. Our previous investigation demonstrated that formaldehyde exposure in human lung cells caused disruptions in miRNA expression profiles in vitro.Using an in vivo model, we set out to test the hypothesis that formaldehyde inhalation exposure significantly alters miRNA expression profiles within the nasal epithelium of nonhuman primates.Cynomolgus macaques were exposed by inhalation to approximately 0, 2, or 6 ppm formaldehyde for 6 hr/day for 2 consecutive days. Small RNAs were extracted from nasal samples and assessed for genome-wide miRNA expression levels. Transcriptional targets of formaldehyde-altered miRNAs were computationally predicted, analyzed at the systems level, and assessed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Expression analysis revealed that 3 and 13 miRNAs were dysregulated in response to 2 and 6 ppm formaldehyde, respectively. Transcriptional targets of the miRNA with the greatest increase (miR-125b) and decrease (miR-142-3p) in expression were predicted and analyzed at the systems level. Enrichment was identified for miR-125b targeting genes involved in apoptosis signaling. The apoptosis-related targets were functionally tested using RT-PCR, where all targets showed decreased expression in formaldehyde-exposed samples.Formaldehyde exposure significantly disrupts miRNA expression profiles within the nasal epithelium, and these alterations likely influence apoptosis signaling.