tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loin pain and haematuria syndrome: possible association with intrarenal arterial spasms.
Authors: V Bergroth, Y T Konttinen, D Nordstrom, L Laasonen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

in Dublin who are infected with hepatitis D virus2 and the increase of such infections in proportion with infections with human immunodeficiency virus (A G Shattock et al, international symposium on AIDS, Paris 1986) make it likely that other reactivations of infection with hepatitis D virus will occur in this susceptible population.1 Smith AM, Tedder RS.Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hepatitis Be antigen and antibody.
Risk factors of fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease
Authors: Bruno Raynard, Axel Balian, David Fallik, Frédérique Capron, Pierre Bedossa, Jean-Claude Chaput, Sylvie Naveau
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

In patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are independent predictors of the degree of fibrosis. The relative risk for fibrosis adjusted for sex was also associated with increasing grade of Perls stain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the risk factors for fibrosis described in NASH are also risk factors in alcohol-induced liver disease. A total of 268 alcoholic patients with negative hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus serology underwent liver biopsy. Fibrosis was assessed semiquantitatively by a score fluctuating between 0 to 8. Liver iron overload was assessed by Perls staining and graded in 4 classes. We have used multivariate regression with partial correlation analysis to assess the variability of fibrosis score according to the value of 7 variables: sex, age, body mass index (BMI) in the past year before the hospitalization when the patient was asymptomatic, daily alcohol intake over the past 5 years, total duration of alcohol abuse, Perls grade, and blood glucose level. In the multivariate regression, fibrosis score was positively correlated with age ( P = .001), BMI ( P = .002), female sex ( P &lt; .05), Perls grade ( P &lt; .05), and blood glucose level ( P &lt; .05). Twenty percent of the variability of fibrosis score was explained by the 7 variables. In conclusion, after adjustment for daily alcohol intake and total duration of alcohol abuse, BMI, Perls grade, and blood glucose are also independent risk factors for fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease, raising therapeutic implications for the management of these patients.
The Nails in Disease
Authors: Richard M. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Although we may read about fingernail and toenail disorders in standard dermatologic texts and a few other places, no source that I know presents the subject with such clear and congenial style—an attribute that makes this small book interesting to read from cover to cover, as well as an excellent reference source. The author achieves this lucidity, not only by his style, but by sacrificing most of the long descriptive words of Greek and Latin origin that have so cluttered the nomenclature, by omitting many possible bibliographic references, and by resisting the usual temptation for uncritical repetitions from the literature. The practical usefulness of a book like this derives partly from the number and quality of its photographs, since often a puzzled clinician would simply riffle the pages to find a picture that corresponds to the clinical problem in his examining room. The 126 black-and-white illustrations and four color plates
Recent developments in non-invasive cardiology
Authors: Sanjay K Prasad, Ravi G Assomull, Dudley J Pennell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Objective</h3> Data on early risk of infection in patients receiving their first treatment for type 2 diabetes are limited. We examined rates of community-based antibiotic use and hospital-treated infection in initiators of metformin and other glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs). <h3>Design</h3> Population-based cohort study using medical databases. <h3>Setting</h3> General practice and hospitals in Denmark. <h3>Participants</h3> 131 949 patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated pharmacotherapy with a GLD between 2005 and 2012. <h3>Exposure</h3> Initial GLD used for pharmacotherapy. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> We computed rates and adjusted HRs of community-based antibiotic use and hospital-treated infection associated with choice of initial GLD with reference to metformin initiation, using an intention-to-treat approach. <h3>Results</h3> The rate of community-based antibiotic use was 362 per 1000 patient-years at risk (PYAR) and that for hospital-treated infection was 51 per 1000 PYAR. Compared with metformin, the risk of hospital-treated infection was slightly higher in sulfonylurea initiators (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.16) and substantially higher in insulin initiators (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.54 to 1.72) initiators after adjustment for comorbid conditions, comedications and other confounding factors. In contrast, virtually no difference was observed for overall community-based antibiotic use (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04, for sulfonylurea initiators; and 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, for insulin initiators). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Rates of community-based antibiotic treatment and hospitalisation for infection were high in patients receiving their first treatment for type 2 diabetes and differed with the choice of initial GLD used for pharmacotherapy.
The Curriculum Revolution: Second Thoughts
Authors: David G. Freiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

During the past two decades, major changes have been taking place in the curricula of many medical schools in this country and throughout the world. Although individual approaches vary, the trend has been toward defining a "core" or body of basic information, both preclinical and clinical, to be taught in a limited period. This is assumed to represent the fundamental knowledge required by all physicians irrespective of their eventual fields of specialization, and is increasingly being taught as an interdisciplinary effort. The remaining time has been made available for a variety of elective offerings that enable students to satisfy individual . . .
CARDIAC OUTCOME AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IS BETTER PREDICTED BY LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE THAN LEFT VENTRICULAR REVERSE REMODELING
Authors: Francisco Ridocci, Alfonso Valle, Jordi Estornell, Alesandro Pirola, Miguel Corbi, Javier Jimenez, Elena Lucas, Candela Rodriguez, Juan J. Restrepo, Leandro Perez, Aurelio Quesada, Rafael Paya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ARTERIAL DIAMETER DOES NOT ADD SIGNIFICANTLY TO CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS AND PLAQUE IN IMPROVING CORONARY HEART DISEASE RISK PREDICTION IN THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Lloyd Chambless, Max He, Tom Mosley, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Evoked potentials, saccadic velocities, and computerized tomography in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Authors: F L Mastaglia, J L Black, L A Cala, D W Collins
Journal: BMJ (1977)

One hundred and two patients with suspected or established multiple sclerosis (MS) were investigated by one or more of the following techniques: measurement of visual evoked potentials (VEP); measurement of cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP); measurement of horizontal saccadic eye movement velocities (SV); and computerised axial tomography of the cranium and orbits (CT). Each of the techniques was valuable in detecting abnormalities, some of which were subclinical, in many patients. More abnormalities were found in patients studied by more than one technique, the most being detected in patients who were studied by all five techniques. We conclude that the techniques have a complementary role in investigating suspected MS.
Environmental health and hazardous waste issues related to the U.S.-Mexico border.
Authors: D E Carter, C Peña, R Varady, W A Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Environmental health and environmental quality issues along the U.S.-Mexico border have been of concern for several years. The enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the presence of the maquiladoras (foreign-owned industries using imported raw materials) have intensified those concerns recently. Efforts to assess these issues are complicated by the fact that many of the issues affecting the border region are within federal jurisdiction, but the problems are regional and local in nature. Thus, state and local governments become involved with public concerns about real and potential problems. One major problem is that environmental health data from this region are lacking, particularly from Mexico. Some new agencies such as the Border Environment Cooperation Commission, the United States-Mexico Border Health Commission, and the North American Commission on Environmental Cooperation have joined several existing agencies at the federal and state level to address environmental quality and health. Several studies have been initiated to determine air and water quality, but little is being done in the areas of hazardous waste and health assessment. Several problems are anticipated in the generation of such data, such as its format and accessibility. Data gaps and research needs are discussed.
Abstract P4-06-10: Breast cancer subtypes in Indian women: A comparison of clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: AD Mane, SP Deshmukh, SM Nag, A Guha, SP Sane, BP Zade
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Immunohistochemical markers are often used to classify breast cancer into different subtypes that have distinct biological behaviour. The aim of this study was to estimate the distribution of the different subtypes of breast cancer based on immunohistochemistry, in the Indian population and determine their associations with clinicopathological features and outcome. Methods: This is a 5 year retrospective study of 521 breast cancer patients to compare the clinicopathological features and survival of four subgroups – Luminal A (ER/PR +, Her 2 neu –), Luminal B (ER/PR +,Her 2 neu +), Her 2 enriched (ER-/PR -, Her 2 neu +)and triple negative(ER-,PR-,Her 2 neu -). Results: Majority (43.8%) of the patients were in luminal A subgroup. Luminal B patients were 14.8%, Her 2 enriched group were 16.1% and triple negative patients were 25.3%. Median follow up was 34 months. Patients in luminal A subgroup were more likely to be postmenopausal, have smaller size tumours, have grade I/II tumours and have better survival (OS-91.06%), though it was not statistically significantly different from other subgroups. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcome according to breast cancer subtypes Luminal ALuminal BTriple negativeHer 2 neup valueMenopausal statusPre39.09%13.71%30.46%16.75% Post46.60%15.43%22.22%15.74%0.159Type of surgeryBCS44.25%19.54%22.99%13.22% MRM41.78%12.50%27.96%17.76%0.099Type of chemotherapyAnthra based36.68%11.32%29.25%20.75% Taxane + Anthra based36.97%14.29%29.41%19.33%0.923Tumor size in cmsLess than 254.55%12.12%21.21%12.12% 2-546.52%13.52%27.27%12.83% &amp;gt; 528.57%9.52%33.33%28.57%0.065OutcomeAlive without disease44.41%15.59%24.75%15.25% Alive with disease42.67%16.0%25.33%16.0% Death35.56%15.56%26.67%22.22%0.924Grade of tumorI71.43%17.86%3.57%7.14% II51.19%11.95%22.87%13.99% III23.21%16.96%39.29%20.54%&amp;lt;0.001table 1 The triple negative subgroup was more likely to be premenopausal (p value 0.036, odds ratio 0.611, CI 0.394-0.949), have larger and grade III tumours and had worse overall survival (OS-88.46%, odds ratio 1.32, 95%CI 0.602-2.39). Patients in Her 2 enriched group also had the bad prognostic features like larger tumour size, higher grade and worst survival (OS-85.07%, odds ratio 1.78, 95% CI 0.767-4.163).However the outcome was not statistically significantly different for all the subgroups. Conclusions: In this tertiary cancer care hospital retrospective study of breast cancer patients in India, according to the luminal subtypes, luminal A had better prognostic features and survival compared to other subgroups.Incidence of triple negative patients was high, who were mainly premenopausal.Her 2 enriched group had the worst survival among all. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-06-10.
P254Cystatin C: Marker of cardiac damage in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: A Ilardi, MD′A D′avino, RM Muschera′
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Levels of urinary albumin excretion that are below the usual limit of detection by qualitative testing, but are above normal levels (microalbuminuria; MA), can be readily identified by simple measures, such as the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in untimed urine samples. In hypertensive patients presence of microalbuminuria (MA) is related to renal and cerebral damage and is considered an early sign of cardiac damage. Cystatin C, a member of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor family, is a small 13 – kDa protein: it is produced at a constant rate by nucleated cells. Due to its small size the protein is freely filtered by the glomerulus, and is not secreted but is fully reabsorbed and broken down by the renal tubules. This means that the main determinant of blood Cystatin C levels is the rate at which it is filtered at the glomerulus making it an excellent and sensible plasmatic marker of glomerular speed filtration. Therefore Cystatin C can be considered an early marker of cardiac damage in arterial hypertension (AH) instead of MA. We evaluated the behaviour of Cystatin C in hypertensive patients to verify its usefulness as a marker of cardiac damage. Methods: We examinated for six months 360 pts (198 males and 162 females), aged between 46 and 64 years, no smokers, with two-year history of AH, without diabetes or cardiovascular diseases and with normal lipids. They underwent to laboratory tests (as the G.L. ESC/ESH 07), CC (done with nephelometric method BNAII: normal value 0,53/0,95 mgr/l), and instrumental exams: supra-aortic truncus and renal arteries Echo-Doppler, ECG, Echocardiogram. Results: All patients have normal values of MA, glycemia and creatinin clearance. Hundred eighty-eight patients (86 M, 102 F) have a medium increase of CC over 1,1±0,2. A left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 30 patients (18M , 12F) with left ventricular mass >110gr/m2 (F) and 125 g/m2 Ninety-eight (76M, 22 F) presented an increase of medio-intimal tickening >0,9 mm (mean 1,2) and LVH. In 60 patients (38M, 22 F) no organ damage was documented. In all patients, Doppler examination of the renal arteries was normal. Conclusions: Cystatin C can be considered an early economic and sensible marker of cardiac damage in hypertensive patients. It is not influenced by age, sex, weight, muscular masses. Its increase should push to investigate and evaluate the state of the heart, brain and kidneys.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea
Authors: DAVID M. HUTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The natural history, transmissibility, and treatment of oropharyngeal gonorrhea have been incompletely examined in previous studies. We repeated cultures on 60 patients with untreated pharyngeal gonorrhea, before treatment. The probability that the culture would remain positive decreased progressively as the interval between cultures increased, suggesting self-limited colonization. Gonococci were easily grown from expectorated saliva in 34 of 51 cultures from patients with oropharyngeal gonorrhea, suggesting transmissibility and providing another reason for ensuring effective treatment. Five treatment regimens were evaluated in 292 cases of oropharyngeal gonorrhea. Compared with aqueous procaine penicillin G, single-dose ampicillin and spectinomycin had unacceptably higher failure rates, and oral tetracycline given for 5 or 7 days was shown to be effective. A simple oral regimen providing a second dose of ampicillin plus probenecid 8 to 14 hours after the first dose was also effective.
Albumin synthesis in cirrhotic subjects with ascites studied with carbonate-14C
Authors: Marcus A. Rothschild, Murray Oratz, David Zimmon, Sidney S. Schreiber, Irwin Weiner, Adrian Van Caneghem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The synthesis of serum albumin was measured in 19 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. Carbonate-(14)C was used to label the guanido carbon of arginine in albumin.18 of the patients had the diagnosis of cirrhosis confirmed by biopsy and/or by the presence of esophageal varices. Seven patients with albumin synthesis rates of 42-105 mg/kg per day demonstrated the lowest serum cholesterol esters and highest serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels, while the seven patients whose albumin synthesis rates ranged from 203-378 mg/kg per day, had significantly higher cholesterol ester levels and significantly lower values for SGOT. The serum albumin levels were equally depressed in all patients. In patients with cirrhosis and ascites albumin production was found to be normal or elevated in seven of the 19 subjects, and only markedly depressed in seven patients, in spite of the fact that the serum albumin level was depressed in all patients.
The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlate with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Alberto Pugliese, Markus Zeller, Alarico Fernandez, Laura J. Zalcberg, Richard J. Bartlett, Camillo Ricordi, Massimo Pietropaolo, George S. Eisenbarth, Simon T. Bennett, Dhavalkumar D. Patel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
South African hospitals overflow as Zimbabweans seek treatment for cholera
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Eight people have so far died from cholera and 805 are being treated for the disease in the South African town of Musina, on the country’s border with Zimbabwe.

Musina is a poor town that has itself faced several outbreaks of cholera in the passt independently of the crisis in Zimbabwe. Hospitals in the town are overflowing, and tents have been erected to treat the influx of refugees seeking treatment.

A major town in Limpopo province, Musina relies on trade brought to the area by Zimbabweans, either on their way to Johannesburg to find work or returning to Zimbabwe with goods they cannot buy …
Decreased lumen size after balloon injury despite inhibition of neointimal thickening and antivasospastic treatment
Authors: N. S Cook, H.-G. Zerwes, C. Pally, M. Rudin, R. P Hof
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: Both calcium antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are known to diminish the development of intimal thickening after a balloon catheter lesion. It was previously shown that narrowing of carotid artery lumen induced by balloon injury was not influenced by treatment, even though the two ACE inhibitors used inhibited neointimal thickening. The aim of the present study was to include a calcium antagonist as well, in order to investigate whether vasospasm contributes to the persistence of lumen narrowing in ACE inhibitor treated rats after a balloon lesion. Methods: Six groups of 10 rats were subject to balloon lesion of the left carotid artery. They received spirapril (10 mg·kg−1·d−1) or isradipine (30 or 100 mg·kg−1·−1) or both, given throughout the study in the food. Controls received no drug. Neointimal thickening was measured histologically two weeks after injury. The cross sectional carotid lumen area was measured in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, both before and two weeks after balloon injury, and also postmortem by histological techniques. Results: Two weeks after injury, the lumen area of the left carotid artery was significantly reduced following balloon injury, as measured by both techniques. Treatment did not modify the stenosis process as assessed by either method for measuring lumen size. Neointimal thickening, however, was inhibited by between 4% (low dose isradipine) and 59% (combined spirapril + high dose isradipine) in the various treatment groups. Conclusions: Since calcium antagonist treatment was not able to influence the reduction of lumen size, it is unlikely that the narrowing is due to reversible spasm of the carotid artery in the first two weeks after inducing a balloon lesion. Alternatively, chronic vasospasm of neointimal smooth muscle might not be very sensitive to calcium antagonists. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:215-220
Effect of endothelin-1 in man.
Authors: H Vierhapper, O Wagner, P Nowotny, W Waldhäusl
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The effect of an intravenous infusion of human endothelin-1 on blood pressure and plasma concentrations of endothelin-1, potassium, sodium, renin, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic factor was investigated in six healthy, sodium-loaded men. During the peptide's exogenous application (1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 ng/kg.min), its plasma concentrations rose from a basal value of 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 3.2 +/- 1.9, 9.9 +/- 7.6, and 56.5 +/- 50.3 pmol/l (p less than 0.01), respectively, and mean blood pressure rose from a basal value of 87.1 +/- 7.3 to 92.6 +/- 8.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). A rise in serum concentrations of potassium (from 4.0 +/- 0.3 to 4.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; p less than 0.005) and a concomitant fall in serum concentrations of sodium (from 142.7 +/- 1.0 to 139.5 +/- 2.3 mmol/l; p less than 0.05) was seen in each subject. Plasma concentrations of renin, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic factor did not change during the infusion of endothelin-1. Thus, in the doses used, endothelin-1 induces a rise in blood pressure and serum potassium concentrations.
Manual of Introductory Clinical Medicine: A Student-to-Student Guide
Authors: Rebecca Wurtz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

At the beginning of<i>Manual of Introductory Clinical Medicine</i>, the authors quote Robert Coles: "The advice I would give to young clinicians is the advice I was lucky enough to get from William Carlos Williams... 'Watch and listen and let these patients teach you.' " Two Harvardeducated and -trained medical residents, fresh from the transition from book learning to learning from patients, have written a guide to aid students in their move from the classroom to the ward. The standard pocket-manual outline format does not always lend itself to its subject, but in this case the authors have used it well. In addition to thorough outlines of the history and physical examination and various forms of write-ups and presentations, the manual includes lots of practical tips, interpretation of ECGs, and instructions on how to perform a urinalysis. Especially good sections include the cardiovascular and neurological examination and one on reading chest
THE CHLORIDE CONTENT OF THE WHOLE BLOOD IN ECZEMA
Authors: NORMAN BURGESS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article THE CHLORIDE CONTENT OF THE WHOLE BLOOD IN ECZEMA Get access NORMAN BURGESS, M.A., M.B.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond NORMAN BURGESS, M.A., M.B.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond Clinical Assistant, Skin Department, Bristol General Hospital; lately Arthur Durham Travelling Student, Guy's Hospital, LondonResearch Institute of Cutaneous Medicine and the Graduate Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 January 1929, Pages 6–10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09279.x Published: 01 January 1929