tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sport and exercise medicine in the United Kingdom comes of age
Authors: M Cullen, M Batt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Sport and exercise medicine in the United Kingdom is awarded specialty status, but now the real work begins, to deliver on promises made

The 21 February 2005 proved to be a red letter day for sport and exercise (SEM) medicine in the United Kingdom, as the Department of Health announced that it was approving the application for specialty status submitted in early 2004. This ended a process that began in 1998 with the formation of the Intercollegiate Academic Board of Sport and Exercise Medicine (IABSEM), under the auspices the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Progress was slow until early 2003, when the intervention of the Minister of Sport led to an educational forum and the subsequent formation of a working party tasked with developing the application. The working party consisted of medical professionals, representatives of UK Sport, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, and the Department of Health. The application had to clearly establish that the creation of a new medical specialty was the best and most effective way of answering a service need, or exceptionally a national need. The working party were able to argue for the recognition of SEM on both counts, and furthermore make a case based on the other 11 principles for new specialties as set out in the 2001 Department of Health document, “Developing specialties in medicine”.

The timing was favourable, as the government was increasingly turning its attention to strategies to defuse the public health time bomb posed by …
320 TREATMENT RESPONSE TO SORAFENIB CORRELATES TO DISTINCT TUMOUR MICRO RNA CLUSTERS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M.-W. Welker, J. Peveling-Oberhag, C. Döring, A. Mertens, E. Herrmann, M.-L. Hansmann, S. Zeuzem, J. Trojan, B. Kronenberger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
ESTIMATION OF HEPATIC EFFICIENCY: REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A NEW TEST BASED ON THE USE OF SODIUM SALICYLATE
Authors: W. Ralston
Journal: BMJ (1929)

ROCH AND SCHIFF (Genieva) in 1921 suggested a niew test of hepatic function based oni the use of sodium salicylate, and H. Thiers in 1927i descr ibed a modification of their method.A brief account of this test alplear ed in the British Medical Joutrnal,2 annd the pr esenit paper records some experiences with the test, the work having beeni under- taken on the suggestion of Dr. J. R. Marrack, chemical pathologist of the Hale Clinical-Laboratory, as such a simple test-if universally accepted as reliable-would be of great value in diagnosis.Natutre of the Test.H. Thiers "states that a normal adult can assimilate a dose of 0.04 gram (=3/5 grain) of sodium salicylate, no trace of salicylic acid being found subsequently in the urine.
P74 Emergency oxygen usage observed by a medical emergency team
Authors: J. Carr, J. Rodrigues, N. Duffy, J. Earis
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Aintree University Hospital was one of the first acute Trusts to develop a multidisciplinary MET team in the UK. It was created in 2009 to manage acutely ill and deteriorating patients safely in keeping with the NICE 50 (2007) guidance. The MET team records data on each callout and this study analyses the use of oxygen in this cohort of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> The MET team records (1) any patient who is not on O2 with an SpO2 below 94% and (2) patients already on oxygen with a low SpO2 necessitating a change in flow rates. Following the experience of the first 6 months a simple laminated sheet outlining the actions needed before the MET team is called was prepared for all wards. This clearly states the BTS target ranges for SpO2 and oxygen prescription. This aide memoire was in use for 12 months before the second 6-month analysis period. <h3>Results</h3> In the 19 months of its existence the MET has responded to 1717 calls. Of these 536 patients needed O2 initiating (32%) because of low SpO2 and a further 685 had the O2 flows changes (38%). The Abstract P74 table 1 shows comparison between the first 6 months with the 6 months to April 2011 (post educational intervention). The number of calls has increased between these two time blocks from an average of 2.44 to 3.33 per day and the number of patients who needed oxygen starting decreased from 38% to 29%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study confirms the results of the BTS National Audits 2008 and 2010 and the NPSA Rapid response Report September 2009 that emergency oxygen is poorly administered in the NHS. The simple intervention of providing an aide memoire on the wards has improved the situation but it still remains unsatisfactory. Because of this UHA has now introduced a new Patient Group Direction for the administration of O2 by first level registered nurses. This will empower nurses to initiate oxygen in deteriorating patients with a low SpO2 while waiting for assistance from the MET team.
SURGICAL APPROACH TO COARCTATION OF THE AORTA COMPLICATING PREGNANCY
Authors: Richard L. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Coarctation of the aorta has been the subject of a tremendous amount of research and writing since the first thorough description of the condition by a Paris anatomist, in 1789. There have appeared in various world publications approximately 53 single articles during the first six months of 1950. From the point of view of the obstetrician, however, one finds less than 50 reported cases of this condition associated with pregnancy, and these articles all represent viewpoints of conservative pessimism.<sup>1</sup>Therapeutic abortion with sterilization and cesarean section with tubal ligation are the two components of good treatment most often recommended,<sup>2</sup>and in none of these articles does one find any reference to the surgical advance in the treatment that has been worked out during the last decade. The lesion is not a medical rarity; the incidence as stated by Blackford is about 1 in 1,500, with a predominance of
Hospital closures are inevitable under health reforms, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Some large hospitals will have to close as the NHS gears itself towards delivering better health outcomes and value for money, a conference has heard.

Steve Field, immediate past chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said that London had too many hospitals and that health ministers would have to “grasp” the need for closures.

Robert Naylor, chief executive of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, also called for a “radical” approach to reorganisation, saying, “There are too many hospitals in big cities.”

Gareth Goodier, chief executive of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, said that the NHS was facing one of the most difficult periods in its history. He told the conference: “Some tough decisions will have to be made.”

The event, entitled “Maximising …
1107. Cellular Internalization and Distribution of DNA Complexes from Cell-Adhesive Substrates
Authors: Zain Bengali, Lonnie D. Shea
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Enhancing localized gene expression is requisite to successful application of gene delivery in gene therapy, tissue engineering and functional genomics. Our approach to enhancing localized expression involves improving the delivery system. Substrate-mediated delivery strives to overcome barriers in localized gene transfer by immobilizing DNA in the cellular microenvironment, thereby increasing the DNA concentration proximal to the cells. DNA is first mixed with cationic lipids or polymers to form complexes and then immobilized on a cell-adhesive substrate. The challenge in substrate-mediated delivery is to immobilize complexes for retention on the substrate while also allowing complex release for subsequent cellular internalization.
Pleural Effusions in Hospitalized Patients with AIDS
Authors: Jose Joseph
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To determine the incidence, cause, and characteristics of pleural effusions in hospitalized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Retrospective.A total of 222 patients with AIDS hospitalized between January 1986 and January 1992 at the Medical University of South Carolina hospitals.Pleural effusions occurred in 59 patients for an overall incidence of 27%. The mean age of the patients was 35 +/- 2 years (SE) and the male to female ratio was 5:1. The cause was infectious in 39 (66%) patients, noninfectious in 18 (31%), and unknown in 2 (3%). Pleural effusions were caused by bacterial pneumonia in 18 (31%) patients, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 9 (15%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 5 (8%), septic embolism in 2 (3%), Nocardia asteroides in 2 (3%), cryptococcus neoformans in 2 (3%), and Mycobacterium arium intracellulare in 1 (2%). Among noninfectious causes (n = 18), hypoalbuminemia was the cause in 11 patients (19%), cardiac failure in 3 (5%), and atelectasis, Kaposi sarcoma, uremic pleurisy, and adult respiratory distress syndrome in 1 (2%) each. Patients with AIDS who had pleural effusions had significantly lower serum albumin levels and had lower CD4 counts than did those without pleural effusions (P < 0.001).Pleural effusions are common in hospitalized patients with AIDS. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause for pleural effusion in AIDS. Large effusions are associated with Kaposi sarcoma and tuberculosis. Hypoalbuminemia is a common cause of noninfectious pleural effusions.
Abdominal Fat and Sleep Apnea: the Chicken or the Egg?
Authors: Giora Pillar, Naim Shehadeh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We thank Dr. Oltmanns for the important, eye-opening comments raised in her online letter to the editor (1). Indeed, in our article we discuss the complex relationships between obesity/abdominal fat and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) (2). While the effects of obesity on upper airway collapsibility are well established, the potential SDB-induced weight gain is less understood.

The major processes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are sleep fragmentation (and consequently daytime somnolence and sympathetic nerve activation) and intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation (and consequently …
Transarterial chemotherapy alone versus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized phase III trial
Authors: Takuji Okusaka, Hiroshi Kasugai, Yasukazu Shioyama, Katsuaki Tanaka, Masatoshi Kudo, Hiromitsu Saisho, Yukio Osaki, Michio Sata, Shigetoshi Fujiyama, Takashi Kumada, Keiko Sato, Seiichiro Yamamoto, Shiro Hinotsu, Tosiya Sato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Hemangioma, a Rare Cause of Photopenic Lesion on Skeletal Imaging
Authors: MOHAN MAKHIJA, EVELIO R. BOFILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

In searching for disease on skeletal images it is important to identify areas of increased activity and cold lesions, which are usually more difficult to identify. Focal photon-deficient lesions are due to metastatic disease in over 80% of cases. They may occur if the tumor is extremely aggressive, if there is disruption of the blood supply to the bone, or if there is significant marrow involvement, particularly in a vertebral body. Some of the common causes of a photopenic lesion are avascular necrosis, malignant bone tumors such as multiple myeloma, metastasis, radiation therapy, attenuation artifacts such as prosthesis or pacemaker, and early osteomyelitis. A case of hemangioma of the dorsal vertebra, a rare cause of photopenic lesion, is reported here.
Death in the Automobile
Authors: Michael A. Luongo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IT must be apparent even to the casual observer that traffic accidents represent a continuing national calamity. From the advent of the automobile until 1966, more than 1,500,000 people have been killed in motor-vehicle accidents, hundreds of millions have been injured, and billions of dollars worth of property have been lost. Motor-vehicle accidents are the primary cause of death between five and twenty-four years of age, and it is a rare week that does not bring to the medical examiner's office in any large city several young people whose lives have been ended as the result of such accidents.1966 . . .
Side effects of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulant bronchodilator drugs.
Authors: J W Paterson
Journal: Thorax (1972)

OBSTRUCTIOND. EMPEY The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured in normal subjects both with and without resistances in the form of orifices of decreasing diame- ter.ratio
THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS. OF RHEUMATIC PATHOLOGY.
Authors: THOS. O. SUMMERS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

especially the caustics, and the frequently unbearable pain within the growth, had undermined her health.When I saw her, a little over one year ago, there was a solid sessile tumor, the size of about a silver quarter, extending from the region below the tragus into the cheek.The lobule and lower posterior half of the auricle were gone, and from the edge of the rest of the auricle a dense and unyield¬ ing cicatricial tissue extended into the integument below and behind the ear.The tumor was flat, about one-sixteenth of an inch elevated above the surrounding skin, ordinarily pale, and not sensitive to the touch.At the time of men¬ struation it was usually congested, and slightly more ele¬ vated, and caused, especially at such times, but occasion¬ ally also during the intervening period, the most intense and lancinating pain.
Robert McLaren Todd
Authors: Christopher Todd
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Robert McLaren Todd’s life and work can be divided into four main parts: education and medicine, the Church, music and his other interests, and of course his family.

Education and medicine

Robert was born on the 27 September 1915 at Syston in Leicestershire. He was the elder son of Robert Alexander McLaren Todd, a pharmacist, and Edith Ann Todd (nee Walker). Robert attended the local Syston Church of England school (1920 to 1926) before going to Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys (1926 to 1934). He then went to Trinity Hall, Cambridge (1934 to 1937), and St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London (1937 to 1940). After graduating he then went on to receive his MA in 1941, his DCH (London) in 1942, and his MRCP (London) in 1945.

In 1946 he received his Cambridge MD and in 1965 his FRCP (London).

After qualification in 1940 he obtained a house surgeon post in ear, nose, and throat and maxillo-facial surgery at Barts followed by a senior house physician post at Barts and St Albans, and this was followed in turn as resident medical officer at Leicester Royal Infirmary and house physician at the Children’s Hospital in Leicester from 1942 to 1945. Later in 1946 he became medical registrar at Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, London E2.

Then in 1947 he came to Liverpool as the first senior lecturer (and later reader) in the new Department of Child Health, and he ran the Medical Research Council’s trial on the treatment of tuberculous meningitis at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, the first hospital in the country to use this drug.

In 1953 Robert had a short spell at …
Abstract 4515: Low serum levels of a novel anti-inflammatory fatty acid as a new risk factor for colorectal cancer
Authors: Shawn A. Ritchie, Jon Tonita, Riaz Alvi, Denis Lehotay, Hoda Elshoni, James McHattie, Dayan Goodenowe
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Low serum levels of novel, long-chain, hydroxylated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (GTAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has been previously reported. This study prospectively investigated the relationship between serum GTA levels and CRC incidence among subjects undergoing colonoscopy. Serum samples and pathology data were collected from 4923 representative subjects undergoing colonoscopy in a typical, non-screening, colonoscopy population and from 964 representative age and geographically-matched subjects from the general population. Serum GTA-446 levels were determined on all subjects using a sensitive tandem mass spectrometric method. A low serum GTA-446 level was defined as a GTA-446 concentration below the tenth percentile of 40-49 year-olds in the general population sampling. Eighty-six percent of newly diagnosed CRC subjects (87% for stage 0-II and 85% for stage III-IV) were observed to have low serum GTA-446 levels, with a PPV of 15% and NPV of 99.7%. CRC incidence was observed to increase significantly with age in all subjects (p&amp;lt;0.05) and in low GTA-446 subjects (p&amp;lt;0.05), but not in subjects with normal serum GTA-446 levels (p=0.86). The CRC incidence rate in subjects with low GTA-446 levels (3.1%) was over six times higher than for subjects with normal GTA-446 levels (0.5%) and approximately twice that of subjects with GI symptoms (2.0%). The results indicate that a low serum GTA-446 level is a significant risk factor for CRC and a sensitive predictor of early-stage disease, and that low-GTA levels could be responsible for the age-associated increase in CRC incidence. Implications for population-wide screening are discussed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4515. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4515
WAVE AND SPIKE DISCHARGES IN THE EEG
Authors: ARNOLD ALLEN, FRANCIS M. FORSTER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

The wave and spike formations occur usually on the background of a normal basic cortical rhythm, are remarkably constant in their occurrence in a frequency range of 2.5-3.5 cycles per second, but show considerable variations in the position and amplitude of the spike component in the same record, and indeed within the same discharge. The wave and spike formations are seen most frequently during hyperventilation. Other paroxysmal disturbances occur in 50% of the records and the most frequent of these are single or multiple spiking discharges and paroxysmal bursts of 4-6-per-second activity. A surprisingly high incidence of wave and spike formation occurs after the age of 30 years.
An Analysis of Time Delays Preceding Thrombolysis for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Scott W. Sharkey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

For a patient to derive maximal benefit from intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, early treatment is essential. As part of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction II trial, this study investigated the time delays that preceded treatment of 236 consecutive patients with intravenous tissue-plasminogen activator (TPA) during acute myocardial infarction. The average (+/- SD) time from the onset of symptoms to treatment with TPA was 153 +/- 54 minutes. After arrival in the emergency department, patients waited an average of 19.9 +/- 17.8 minutes for the initial electrocardiogram. Following the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by electrocardiogram, an additional 70 +/- 40 minutes elapsed before thrombolytic therapy began. The interval between the initial electrocardiogram and initiation of treatment with TPA was less when the drug was first administered in the emergency department (46.8 +/- 23.4 minutes) rather than after transfer to the coronary care unit (82.1 +/- 34.7 minutes). In-hospital delays at the two academic and two private hospitals accounted for more than half of the total time from the onset of symptoms to initiation of thrombolytic therapy. We conclude that significant in-hospital delays are likely to occur before a patient receives thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Various factors conspire to create these delays, but a well-organized team approach to treatment will help to minimize delays in the implementation of this new form of therapy.
768. Two Distinct Mechanisms, Silencing of RNA Expression and Loss of Vector DNA, Are Responsible for the Loss of Transgene Expression Following Delivery of Foreign Genes to Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Alan R. Brooks, Peiyin Wang, Paul Szymanski, Perry Liu, Heather Gibson, Hu Sheng Qian, Rick N. Harkins, Gabor M. Rubanyi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Plasmid based delivery of foreign transgenes often results in transient expression in vivo. To investigate the cause of this transient expression we used quantitative PCR to measure the copy number of transgene RNA and vector DNA in the skeletal muscle of C57BL6 mice after electroporation of various plasmids. Gene transfer of a plasmid encoding the mouse interferon beta (mIFN-|[beta]|) gene driven by the CMV promoter (pCMV-mIFN) resulted in mIFN RNA levels between 1 and 5 |[times]| 106 copies per microgram (|[mu]|g) of total RNA that were stable for the first 10 days then dropped by only 10-fold by day 44. Plasmid vector DNA levels were also stable for the first 10 days then dropped 7.5-fold between day 10 and day 44. The ratio of mIFN RNA copies per vector DNA copy reached a peak of 1.8 at day 10 and declined slightly to 0.9 at day 44. These results show that following delivery of a non-foreign transgene, a slow decline in RNA levels occurred that was due to a gradual loss of plasmid DNA. Next, we compared plasmids encoding either the mIFN-|[beta]| or human interferon beta (hIFN-|[beta]|) genes driven by identical CMV promoters (pCMV-hIFN and pCMV-mIFN). At 50 days after electroporation of mouse skeletal muscle, the mean copy number of transgene RNA in the muscles that received the mouse or human IFN-|[beta]| plasmids was 1.1 |[times]| 105 and 7.4 |[times]| 103 copies per |[mu]|g of total RNA, respectively. In contrast, the mean plasmid DNA level was slightly higher in the muscles that received pCMV-hIFN. The mean IFN-|[beta]| RNA to vector DNA ratio was 1.3 in the muscles that received pCMV-mIFN, but only 0.04 (31-fold lower, p<0.001) in the muscles that received pCMV-hIFN. This demonstrates that the lower level of transgene RNA expression achieved with the foreign human IFN-|[beta]| gene as compared to the native mouse IFN-|[beta]| gene was due to reduced gene expression, not to reduced persistence of the vector DNA. When a mixture of pCMV-mIFN and a plasmid encoding human secreted alkaline phosphotase driven by the CMV promoter (pCMV-hSEAP) in a 14:1 ratio was delivered to mouse muscle, mIFN RNA levels fell 350-fold between day 1 and day 10 (p<0.01). The level of pCMV-mIFN plasmid DNA in the same muscles fell 100-fold by day 10 (p<0.01) and the ratio of mIFN RNA copies per copy of pCMV-mIFN DNA dropped slightly from 2.8 at day 1 to 1.1 at day 10, suggesting that there was only a small decrease in transcription. This data demonstrates that following co-delivery of pCMV-hSEAP and pCMV-mIFN, rapid clearance of the CMV-mIFN plasmid DNA from the muscle was primarily responsible for the large drop in mIFN RNA expression.
GRANULOMA ANNULARE OF THE SCALP.
Authors: STANLEY R. WOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article GRANULOMA ANNULARE OF THE SCALP. Get access STANLEY R. WOOD, M.B., M.R.C.P. STANLEY R. WOOD, M.B., M.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 5, 1 May 1958, Pages 179–180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13314.x Published: 01 May 1958