tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in patients with refractory pump failure and acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: B Rabinowitz, I Tamari, E Elazar, H N Neufeld
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We studied the hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate administered by continuous i.v. infusion to 22 patients with chronic refractory pump failure and 18 with pump failure due to acute myocardial infarction. In patients with severe pump failure, i.v. ISDN markedly decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p less than 0.001), moderately increased cardiac output (p less than 0.01), and decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p less than 0.001). There were no deleterious effects on arterial pressure and heart rate. The effects obtained in acute and chronic left ventricular failure were similar. Patients with initial SVR levels lower than 1500 dyn-sec-cm-5 did not significantly increase their cardiac output (p less than 0.005). Cardiac output increased more than 25% only in patients with initial high SVR levels (greater than 2000 dyn-sec-cm(-)5). Positive correlations were found between high SVR and elevated plasma catecholamines (r = 0.53, p less than 0.05) and between the initial SVR and initial heart rate (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01). The i.v. administration of isosorbide dinitrate appears to be an efficient therapy, particularly in selected patients with ischemic pump failure.
Variable DNA Methylation Is Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Function
Authors: Weiliang Qiu, Andrea Baccarelli, Vincent J. Carey, Nadia Boutaoui, Helene Bacherman, Barbara Klanderman, Stephen Rennard, Alvar Agusti, Wayne Anderson, David A. Lomas, Dawn L. DeMeo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with local (lung) and systemic (blood) inflammation and manifestations. DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription, and global and specific gene methylation marks may vary with cigarette smoke exposure.Objectives: To perform a comprehensive assessment of methylation marks in DNA from subjects well phenotyped for nonneoplastic lung disease.Methods: We conducted array-based methylation screens, using a test-replication approach, in two family-based cohorts (n = 1,085 and 369 subjects).Measurements and Main Results: We observed 349 CpG sites significantly associated with the presence and severity of COPD in both cohorts. Seventy percent of the associated CpG sites were outside of CpG islands, with the majority of CpG sites relatively hypomethylated. Gene ontology analysis based on these 349 CpGs (330 genes) suggested the involvement of a number of genes responsible for immune and inflammatory system pathways, responses to stress and external stimuli, as well as wound healing and coagulation cascades. Interestingly, our observations include significant, replicable associations between SERPINA1 hypomethylation and COPD and lower average lung function phenotypes (combined P values: COPD, 1.5 × 10−23; FEV1/FVC, 1.5 × 10−35; FEV1, 2.2 × 10−40).Conclusions: Genetic and epigenetic pathways may both contribute to COPD. Many of the top associations between COPD and DNA methylation occur in biologically plausible pathways. This large-scale analysis suggests that DNA methylation may be a biomarker of COPD and may highlight new pathways of COPD pathogenesis.
Improvement in Endothelial Dysfunction With LDL Cholesterol Level &amp;lt;80 mg/dl in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Ying-Tsung Chen, Wen-Jane Lee
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a marked increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, a 7-year follow-up study showed that diabetic patients without previous myocardial infarction have as high a risk of myocardial infarction as nondiabetic patients with previous myocardial infarction (1). All of these observations indicate the importance of aggressive cholesterol lowering in diabetic patients. We have previously shown that type 2 diabetic Chinese subjects are characterized by impaired endothelial-dependent and -independent brachial arterial vasoactivity when compared with nondiabetic individuals (2). However, we failed to demonstrate that treatment with simvastatin (10 mg daily) had beneficial effects on brachial arterial vasoreactivity in type 2 diabetic subjects, despite a 26–35% reduction in LDL cholesterol levels. Because coronary angiographic trials suggested that more intensive LDL cholesterol lowering (<100 mg/dl) is associated with regression or arrest of progression of coronary lesions compared with moderate LDL cholesterol reduction (3), we tested the hypothesis that aggressive lowering of LDL cholesterol would be associated with more …
Whistleblower charges drug company with deceptive practices
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A former drug company insider has spoken to reporters for the first time since he filed a whistleblower lawsuit in 1996 in a US federal court.

At a press conference last week he gave details of the suit he has filed.

The suit charges that Parke-Davis engaged in elaborate inducement schemes to persuade doctors to promote the off-label use of one of its best selling drugs, gabapentin (Neurontin), an anti-epileptic drug approved as adjunctive treatment for partial seizures. It also says the company ran ghost writing schemes, in which it paid specialists to “author” articles that were actually written by technical writers hired by the company.

Prescribing drugs off label accounts for over 78% of sales of gabapentin, according to Parke-Davis. Although off-label prescribing is legal, …
A Bullet in the Heart
Authors: Néstor Wainsztein, Branco Mautner
Journal: Circulation (1999)

A bullet located in the interventricular septum is shown in frontal (A) and right lateral (B) chest radiography and in an echocardiogram (C; RA indicates right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LA, left atrium; and LV, left ventricle.Superior white arrow, labeled BULLET, shows the bullet located at the interventricular septum).It is from a 37-year-old policeman who was shot while on duty.The bullet entered the right hemithorax, rupturing the right free ventricular wall and ending in the interventricular septum.A right thoracotomy was performed, a hemopericardium drained, and the right ventricle repaired.The bullet was not removed.Images were made during the patient's recovery.
Protective immunity in bancroftian filariasis. Selective recognition of a 43-kD larval stage antigen by infection-free individuals in an endemic area.
Authors: D O Freedman, T B Nutman, E A Ottesen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

There is little information about naturally occurring protective immunity in individuals living in areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis, though an immunologically hyperresponsive, uninfected group of "endemic normal" individuals that may be immune has been previously recognized. To analyze the nature of the hyperresponsiveness and its potential relation to a state of protective immunity in such individuals, strict clinical, parasitological, and serological criteria were applied to select seven "infection-free" endemic normal individuals (ENs) from a population of 459 persons resident in an area heavily endemic for bancroftian filariasis. Immunoblot analysis was used to compare the qualitative antigen recognition patterns of these endemic normal individuals to those of a group of 12 clearly infected microfilaremic individuals (MFs) from the same endemic area. Though immunoblot analysis using microfilarial and adult stage filarial antigens revealed no distinct differences in antigen recognition patterns between the two groups, when responses to infective larval stage antigens were assessed, 7/7 (100%) of the ENs were found to recognize a 43-kD antigen that was recognized by only 1/12 (8%) of the MFs. These findings are consistent with the concept that recognition of unique larval antigens may induce protective immunity to human filarial parasites and they identify a candidate immunogen for further functional assessment.
246 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-1 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS FOR ADVANCED CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE: RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OCCURENCE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: E. Fornasiere, E. Falleti, E. Fontanini, A. Cussigh, D. Bitetto, E. Fumolo, C. Fabris, R. Minisini, M. Pirisi, P. Toniutto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Healthcare gains made in past decade are reversing, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Improvements made in the quality of healthcare over the past 10 years are starting to go into reverse, warns a report published jointly by the Nuffield Trust and the Health Foundation that analysed over 200 quality indicators.1

Last year the report—produced as part of the QualityWatch programme—said that gains in quality made through the 2000s were being maintained on the whole. But this year’s report, Cause for Concern , found that, although the overall quality of care remained better than a decade ago, clear signs of recent decline in quality had appeared in several …
Health of Nations: An International Perspective on US Health Care Reform
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This is the best book yet on cross-national comparison of health services delivery systems and their operation and financing with direct policy relevance for the United States. It was designed specifically for policy-making politicians and their consultants. The many previous excellent studies too numerous to list here in a range of methodological styles are more directed to classfying health services delivery systems for various analytical purposes. The study under review draws on previous ones to focus directly on policy relevance for as intelligent policy formulation as possible in this very complex institution called the health services establishment. For this purpose the author has judiciously selected countries that might be helpful for policymakers in the United States: Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a mixture of market-oriented, government-control, and ownership-oriented systems. Each country is treated to a well-documented historical vignette, which reveals the boundaries of
Delivery of Genomic Medicine for Common Chronic Adult Diseases
Authors: Maren T. Scheuner, Pauline Sieverding, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>The greatest public health benefit of advances in understanding the human genome may be realized for common chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Attempts to integrate such knowledge into clinical practice are still in the early stages, and as a result, many questions surround the current state of this translation.<h3>Objective</h3>To synthesize current information on genetic health services for common adult-onset conditions by examining studies that have addressed the outcomes, consumer information needs, delivery, and challenges in integrating these services.<h3>Data Sources</h3>MEDLINE articles published between January 2000 and February 2008.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Original research articles and systematic reviews dealing with common chronic adult-onset conditions were reviewed. A total of 3371 citations were reviewed, 170 articles retrieved, and 68 articles included in the analysis.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Data were independently extracted by one reviewer and checked by another with disagreement resolved by consensus. Variables assessed included study design and 4 key areas: outcomes of genomic medicine, consumer information needs, delivery of genomic medicine, and challenges and barriers to integration of genomic medicine.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>Sixty-eight articles contributed data to the synthesis: 5 systematic reviews, 8 experimental studies, 35 surveys, 7 pre/post studies, 3 observational studies, and 10 qualitative reports. Three systematic reviews, 4 experimental studies, and 9 additional studies reported on outcomes of genetic services. Generally there were modest positive effects on psychological outcomes such as worry and anxiety, behavioral outcomes have shown mixed results, and clinical outcomes were less well studied. One systematic review, 1 randomized controlled trial, and 14 other studies assessed consumer information needs and found in general that genetics knowledge was reported to be low but that attitudes were generally positive. Three randomized controlled trials and 13 other studies assessed how genomic medicine is delivered and newer models of delivery. One systematic review and 19 other studies assessed barriers; the most consistent finding was the self-assessed inadequacy of the primary care workforce to deliver genetic services. Additional identified barriers included lack of oversight of genetic testing and concerns about privacy and discrimination.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Many gaps in knowledge about organization, clinician, and patient needs must be filled to translate basic and clinical science advances in genomics of common chronic diseases into practice.
The negligence of medical experts
Authors: M C Bishop
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I have just participated in a medicolegal exchange whose outcome was thoroughly unsatisfactory. The questions of negligence and causation were not publicly debated, and the decision was not based on evidence but reflected emotional issues and everyone's desire to stay out of court.

Medical negligence absorbs victims—patients and doctors—and disgorges them years later, often damaged and disgruntled, while its functionaries benefit. Despite the move towards closer regulation of clinical practice, medical negligence remains firmly in the dark ages that existed before the Kennedy report and the Bristol debacle. It is mostly secretive, unaccountable, and unregulated by audit governance or revalidation. Scant interest has been shown in it by our governing bodies, the royal colleges, the General Medical Council, or organisations involved in patients' safety.

The central players are the expert witnesses. The public assumes that they are in the forefront of their specialty, giving up to date, balanced opinions that are based on their own practice—honed by continuing …
Emphysema — A Disease of Small Airways or Lung Parenchyma?
Authors: Wayne Mitzner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In 1984, the Division of Lung Diseases at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded a workshop that led to what is still the basis for most definitions of emphysema: "a condition of the lung characterized by abnormal, permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, accompanied by the destruction of their walls, and without obvious fibrosis."1 In this issue of the Journal, McDonough et al.2 report findings that seem to challenge this definition — namely, the extensive obliteration of terminal bronchioles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have emphysema. Indeed, when most people hear . . .
Expanding Spiral - A New Type of Prosthesis for the Palliative Treatment of Malignant Esophageal Stenoses
Authors: E. Frimberger
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Referred to by: Stents for the gastrointestinal tractEndoscopy 2019; 51(07): 611-612DOI: 10.1055/a-0919-4937
Follow-up Studies of Iliofemoral Arterial Reconstruction in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: Stephen J. Hoye, Richard Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

RECENT surgical intervention in the treatment of localized peripheral arterial blockage resulting from arteriosclerosis obliterans has had varied results. Removal of the intra-arterial block en masse by thromboendarterectomy was originated by dos Santos.1 Applied to the femoral artery, its most recent modification by Cannon and Barker2 has proved 87 per cent effective. The insertion of vessel grafts — arterial and venous, autogenous and homologous — has, according to recent reports, shown an effectiveness ranging from 35 to 75 per cent3 4 5 for femoral occlusion. This study is designed to add results to those already reported in the literature so that proper . . .
Abstract 1120: Identification and characterization of a novel androgen-regulated long non-coding RNA in prostate cancer.
Authors: Rohit Malik, Matthew K. Iyer, John R. Prensner, Lalit Patel, Sumin Han, Wei Chen, Felix Feng, Arul M. Chinnaiyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer. However, to date very few prostate cancer lncRNAs have been characterized by functional studies as bona fide oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Previously, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of prostate tumors and benign adjacency tissues revealed a set of putative lncRNAs termed Prostate Cancer Associated Transcripts (PCATs) with significantly altered expression levels in cancer. Intriguingly, a subset of these PCATs were strikingly upregulated in treatment-resistant metastatic prostate cancer samples, suggesting that they may play a role in the development of castrate resistant disease. To explore this possibility we stimulated prostate cancer cell lines with synthetic androgen and monitored the responsiveness of several PCATs. We found that PCAT29, a six-exon nuclear transcript located in a gene desert on chromosome 15, was suppressed by androgen in a time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, androgen receptor (AR) ChIP-Seq data revealed a strong binding site upstream of the PCAT29 promoter suggesting that PCAT29 may be a direct androgen receptor target. Supporting this notion, physical castration of a mouse Xenograft model led to profound upregulation of PCAT29 suggesting that AR signaling suppresses its transcription. Knockdown of PCAT29 using two independent shRNA leads to significant increase in the proliferation of LNCaP cells. Consistently, overexpression of PCAT29 in DU145 cells suppresses proliferation. Finally, we show that in prostate cancer patients, high PCAT29 expression correlates with better overall survival. Taken together our study suggests that PCAT29 may have a tumor suppressor like function in prostate cancer. Ongoing studies are focused on understanding the potential mechanism of PCAT29 function and its relationship with androgen signaling. Citation Format: Rohit Malik, Matthew K. Iyer, John R. Prensner, Lalit Patel, Sumin Han, Wei Chen, Felix Feng, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Identification and characterization of a novel androgen-regulated long non-coding RNA in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1120. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1120
STUDIES ON THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF COMPLEMENT
Authors: Paul G. Klein, Peter M. Burkholder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Evidence is presented to show that guinea pig complement fixed on sensitized sheep red cells acts as a specific agglutinogen. Agglutinating antibodies that react with cell-fixed complement can be produced by immunizing rabbits with a complex of stromata-amboceptor-complement or with guinea pig serum globulin. These agglutinins can be removed by precipitation with guinea pig serum. They are, therefore, distinct from immunoconglutinins.
American Heart Association and American Stroke Association National Survey of Stroke Risk Awareness Among Women
Authors: Anjanette Ferris, Rose Marie Robertson, Rosalind Fabunmi, Lori Mosca
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and a major cause of morbidity in women. Awareness of risk may be an important first step in stroke prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and awareness about stroke in a nationally representative sample of women.An American Heart Association-sponsored telephone survey using random-digit dialing was conducted in June and July of 2003. Respondents were 1024 women > or =25 years of age, including an oversampling of racial/ethnic minorities (68% white, 12% black, 12% Hispanic). Participants were given a standardized questionnaire about heart disease and stroke risk. Only 26% of women > or =65 years of age reported being well informed about stroke, even though this group carries the highest incidence of stroke. Overall, 20% of women stated that they worried a lot about stroke. Among women aged 25 to 34 years, 37% stated that they were not at all informed about stroke, which was significantly higher than for women between 45 and 64 years (13%, P<0.05) and those > or =65 years of age (14%, P<0.05). More Hispanics reported being not at all informed about stroke compared with whites (32% versus 19%, P<0.05) and blacks (32% versus 20%, P<0.05). More white women were aware that at the onset of a stroke, treatment could be given to break up blood clots compared with blacks (92% versus 84%, P<0.05) and Hispanics (92% versus 79%, P<0.05). Correct identification of the warning signs of stroke was low among all racial/ethnic and age groups. More white respondents correctly identified sudden 1-sided weakness or numbness of the face or a limb as a warning sign compared with Hispanics (39% versus 29%, P<0.05). Whites identified difficulty talking or understanding speech as a sign of stroke significantly more often than did Hispanics (29% versus 17%, P<0.05).Results of this national survey document that awareness and knowledge about stroke is suboptimal among women, especially among racial/ethnic minorities, who are at highest risk. These data support the need for targeted educational programs about stroke risk and symptoms and underscore the importance of public health programs to improve awareness of stroke among women.
Uterine Hydatids in Four Successive Gestations
Authors: A. G. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (1865)

June 21st.There were more dyspncea and pain, which appeared constant.No worm was passed.The bowels were open.He lay in bed.He was ordered to take compound iron mixture with decoction of aloes (half an ounce of each) twice a day; and ano- dyne drops at bed-time.
Neuropilin-1 Extracellular Domains Mediate Semaphorin D/III-Induced Growth Cone Collapse
Authors: Fumio Nakamura, Masaki Tanaka, Takuya Takahashi, Robert G Kalb, Stephen M Strittmatter
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Somatosensory axon outgrowth is repulsed when soluble semaphorin D (semD) binds to growth cone neuropilin-1 (Npn-1). Here, semD ligand binding studies of Npn-1 mutants demonstrate that the sema domain binds to the amino-terminal quarter, or complement-binding (CUB) domain, of Npn-1. By herpes simplex virus– (HSV-) mediated expression of Npn-1 mutants in chick retinal ganglion cells, we show that semD-induced growth cone collapse requires two segments of the ectodomain of Npn-1, the CUB domain and the juxtamembrane portion, or MAM (meprin, A5, μ) domain. In contrast, the transmembrane segment and cytoplasmic tail of Npn-1 are not required for biologic activity. These data imply that the CUB and MAM ectodomains of Npn-1 interact with another transmembrane growth cone protein that in turn transduces a semD signal into axon repulsion.
Dutch euthanasia law should apply to patients “suffering through living,” report says
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Doctors can help patients who ask for help to die even though they may not be ill but “suffering through living,” concludes a three year inquiry commissioned by the Royal Dutch Medical Association. The report argues that no reason can be given to exclude situations of such suffering from a doctor's area of competence.

The conclusion has reopened a fierce debate over what constitutes grounds for requesting euthanasia, as it contradicts a landmark Supreme Court decision that a patient must have a “classifiable physical or mental condition.” The 2002 ruling upheld a guilty verdict on a GP for helping his 86 year old patient die, even though he was not technically ill but obsessed with his …