tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A mutation in the surfactant protein B gene responsible for fatal neonatal respiratory disease in multiple kindreds.
Authors: L M Nogee, G Garnier, H C Dietz, L Singer, A M Murphy, D E deMello, H R Colten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To determine the molecular defect accounting for the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) in full-term neonates who died from respiratory failure associated with alveolar proteinosis, the sequence of the SP-B transcript in affected infants was ascertained. A frameshift mutation consisting of a substitution of GAA for C in codon 121 of the SP-B cDNA was identified. The three affected infants in the index family were homozygous for this mutation, which segregated in a fashion consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance of disease. The same mutation was found in two other unrelated infants who died from alveolar proteinosis, one of whom was also homozygous, and in the parents of an additional unrelated, affected infant, but was not observed in 50 control subjects. We conclude that this mutation is responsible for SP-B deficiency and neonatal alveolar proteinosis in multiple families and speculate that the disorder is more common than was recognized previously.
The Rights and Wrongs of Fee Splitting
Authors: James H. Hutton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "What Is Wrong With Fee Splitting" by Dr. Budd (<b>195</b>:117, 1966) excites my admiration for the study and research that went into its preparation. However, the question in my mind is whether we do not devote more time and energy than we should to this question. Might not our public get the idea that consideration of fees is one of our main objectives? Since I am not a surgeon or a general practitioner, rarely have cases to refer to a surgeon, and am not a member of the House of Delegates, perhaps I am as far removed as one can be, in private practice, from the effects of this question. Why not compare medical men with men in the legal profession? Suppose you have a legal problem. Attorney A does not handle your kind of work and so he directs you to B, who takes care
Regulations and Legislation Concerning Abortus Research
Authors: Michael H. M. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

FOUR physicians involved in abortus research have recently been indicted in Boston under the provisions of a Violation of Sepulture law aimed at restricting grave robbing.<sup>1,2</sup>The law was passed in 1814 and prohibits the unauthorized removal and conveying away of human bodies or the remains thereof. Whatever the disposition of these cases, the fact that the National Institutes of Health are formulating regulations<sup>3</sup>and the Congress is preparing legislation (HR7724)<sup>2</sup>on the subject of human experimentation indicates that general commentary on the issue is appropriate. The research from which the indictments stem was reported in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>of June 7, 1973, and was concerned with solving the problem posed by the need to prescribe antibiotics "for pregnant women allergic to penicillin."<sup>4</sup>In order to perform the necessary studies, the investigators obtained the dead abortuses of a group of pregnant women who
Beta-blockers: once or three times a day?
Authors: T Reybrouck, A Amery, R Fagard, P Jousten, P Lijnen, E Meulepas
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a double-blind, crossover trial 16 hypertensive patients were treated, in random order, with placebo, metoprolol 300 mg in a single daily dose, or metoprolol 300 mg/day in three doses. Both therapeutic regimens produced detectable plasma metoprolol concentrations and appreciable beta-blockade, estimated from exercise tachycardia, throughout the day. Fluctuations throughout the day in plasma drug concentrations and degree of beta-blockade were insignificant on the thrice-daily regimen, but they varied considerably on the single-dose regimen. Both therapeutic regimens also significantly lowered blood pressure throughout the day. Although the thrice-daily regimen again tended to produce a stronger and less fluctuating hypotensive action, the differences in hypotensive effect between the two regimens were not statistically significant. A single-dose of 300 mg of metoprolol can therefore be recommended if the only aim is to reduce blood pressure but not if a steady degree of beta-blockade is needed.
HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors: 2005–2006 update
Authors: Raveendra Dayam, Rambabu Gundla, Laith Q. Al‐Mawsawi, Nouri Neamati
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2007)

Abstract HIV‐1 integrase (IN) catalyzes the integration of proviral DNA into the host genome, an essential step for viral replication. Inhibition of IN catalytic activity provides an attractive strategy for antiretroviral drug design. Currently two IN inhibitors, MK‐0518 and GS‐9137, are in advanced stages of human clinical trials. The IN inhibitors in clinical evaluation demonstrate excellent antiretroviral efficacy alone or in combination regimens as compared to previously used clinical antiretroviral agents in naive and treatment‐experienced HIV‐1 infected patients. However, the emergence of viral strains resistant to clinically studied IN inhibitors and the dynamic nature of the HIV‐1 genome demand a continued effort toward the discovery of novel inhibitors to keep a therapeutic advantage over the virus. Continued efforts in the field have resulted in the discovery of compounds from diverse chemical classes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive report of all IN inhibitors discovered in the years 2005 and 2006. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 1, 118–154, 2008
Increases in life expectancy likely to be smaller in future
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Though life expectancy rose dramatically during the 20th century—rising by 30 years—additional increases are likely to be smaller, according to a new study.

If current trends in death rates continue, the average life expectancy will reach 85 years in 2033 in France, 2035 in Japan, and 2182 in the United States.

The life expectancy at birth for females in the United States was 79 years in 1995, the most recent data available, and the life expectancy for males was two years lower ( Science 2001;291: 1491-2.)

According to S Jay Olshansky and colleagues, life expectancy in the United States …
Influence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 on gastric endocrine cells in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Authors: T Lehy, G Cadiot, M Mignon, P Ruszniewski, S Bonfils
Journal: Gut (1992)

The influences of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), hypergastrinaemia, age, and sex on gastric endocrine cell densities were studied in 48 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome of either the sporadic type (n = 31) or associated with MEN 1 (n = 17). The mean fundic argyrophil cell density was higher in women (p &lt; 0.05). It showed no appreciable difference between young and old women but it declined with age in men. The mean argyrophil cell density, when adjusted for sex, was higher (+48.5%, p = 0.06) in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with MEN 1 than in those with sporadic type disease. This measurement was not significantly different between the two groups of patients when antisecretory treatments were considered. In patients with sporadic type disease, fundic argyrophil cells showed a normal pattern (16%) or diffuse (71%) or linear (13%) hyperplasia. In patients with MEN 1 diffuse and linear hyperplasia were of the same order (53% and 47%). Furthermore, fundic argyrophil endocrine tumours developed in five of 17-that is, 29.5% of patients with associated MEN 1 while none was seen in patients with sporadic type disease. These tumours showed an exclusive or prominent enterochromaffin like cell population. Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Whatever the underlying mechanism for carcinoidosis, the risk of developing fundic enterochromaffin like cell tumours in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients who present with MEN 1 is probably higher than was initially estimated and suggests that regular follow up of these patients is necessary.
OBSERVATIONS IN THE UNDERWEIGHT CLINICS IN MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: HENRY D. CHADWICK
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health is just completing the third year of its ten-year program. The plan, as outlined in the beginning, proposed the examination of the following groups of school children: Children 10 per cent or more underweight for height. Contacts: Those known to be exposed to human tuberculosis in the homes. Specials: Those not in either of the foregoing classes, but who were known to be in poor health. The primary purpose of this work was to find the children who showed some evidence of tuberculous disease. Knowing that children with the juvenile type of tuberculosis responded well to treatment, it was felt that if they could be discovered and given proper care at the right time many cases of the adult type of pulmonary tuberculosis would be prevented in later years. During the first year about 10,000 children were examined; during the second year, 20,000, and
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and myocardial stiffness in diabetic mice is attenuated by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Authors: N. Hamdani, A.-S. Hervent, L. Vandekerckhove, V. Matheeussen, M. Demolder, L. Baerts, I. De Meester, W. A. Linke, W. J. Paulus, G. W. De Keulenaer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) induce left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, which contributes to an increasing prevalence of heart failure with a preserved LV ejection fraction. We investigated the effects of sitagliptin (SITA), an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) and anti-diabetic drug, on LV structure and function of obese mice with Type 2 DM. Obese Type 2 diabetic mice (Leprdb/db, BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+ Leprdb/J), displaying increased cardiomyocyte and LV stiffness at the age of 16 weeks, were treated with SITA (300 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 8 weeks. SITA severely impaired serum DPP-4 activity, but had no effect on glycaemia. Invasive haemodynamic recordings showed that SITA reduced LV passive stiffness and increased LV stroke volume; LV end-systolic elastance remained unchanged. In addition, SITA reduced resting tension of isolated single cardiomyocytes and intensified phosphorylation of the sarcomeric protein titin. SITA also increased LV concentrations of cGMP and increased activity of protein kinase G (PKG). In vitro activation of PKG decreased resting tension of cardiomyocytes from vehicle-treated mice, but had no effect on resting tension of cardiomyocytes from SITA-treated mice. In obese Type 2 diabetic mice, in the absence of hypoglycaemic effects, inhibition of DPP-4 decreases LV passive stiffness and improves global LV performance. These effects seem at least partially mediated by stimulatory effects on the myocardial cGMP–PKG pathway and, hence, on the phosphorylation status of titin and the hereto coupled cardiomyocyte stiffness modulus.
Improved airway for resuscitation.
Authors: W. N. Rollason
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDICALOHRNALtwo cases the foot was twisted laterally and virtually off the leg, whereas in the third case, the lateral malleolus only was fractured, entirely as a result of the foot resting only an inch (2.5 cm.) or so behind the front of the cab.Surely some special design of bumper, allowing a deceleration to occur as a result of some crumbling, is required.Of necessity f presume the bumper would have to project some distance in front of the cab.-I am, etc.,
Cor Pulmonale Due to Tumor Emboli
Authors: J. Richard Durham
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A 35-year-old woman, 9 months after a radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the left breast, developed severe dyspnea, with other symptoms and signs of cor pulmonale. She died 3 weeks after the onset of the dyspnea. A chest roentgenogram made shortly before death was negative, and gross examination at autopsy revealed no definite emboli in the pulmonary vessels. The right ventricle, however, showed slight hypertrophy, and on microscopic examination many of the smaller pulmonary arteries and arterioles were found to contain solid clusters of malignant cells. It is suggested that the development of cor pulmonale in patients with malignant tumors may give warning of metastatic activity in time for the physician to institute palliative chemotherapy.
Raging against MTAS (UK Medical Training Application Service)
Authors: Morris J Brown
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A suggested definition of MTAS (Medical Training Application Service) for Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) for Wikipedia1: “Appointment of doctors by lottery, plagiarism and creative writing; sacrifice of skill and track record at the altar of political correctness. Like a bad dream, consultants desert patients for days on end to read fragments of applications and interview …
Controlled Drug Release: Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle‐based H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Responsive Controlled‐Release System Used for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2012)
Authors: Jie Geng, Meng Li, Li Wu, Cuie Chen, Xiaogang Qu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

On page 332, Xiaogang Qu and co-workers present a novel strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment using a H2O2-responsive controlled-release system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles. By taking advantage of the good biocompatibility, cellular uptake properties, and efficient intracellular release of metal chelators, the delivery system is promising for future in vivo biomedical applications.
Michelle Obama launches programme to combat US childhood obesity
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The wife of the US president has announced an ambitious and comprehensive programme to “solve the problem of childhood obesity” in the United States within a generation.

About a third of US children are overweight or obese and at increased risk of future health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, and asthma.

The programme, called “Let’s Move” (www.letsmove.gov), which Mrs Obama announced on 9 February, aims to increase physical activity among children and make healthier food available in schools and in communities that have poor access to affordable and good quality food. It has the …
An Old AML Drug Revisited
Authors: Hervé Dombret, Claude Gardin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic cancer whose wide range of outcomes probably reflects the accumulation of various acquired mutations that block the differentiation of blood-cell progenitors or confer a proliferative advantage to the malignant clone. Current therapies can cure approximately 40% of young patients, but outcomes are much worse in patients over the age of 60 years, who constitute the majority of cases of AML.An older age, a poor performance status, a high white-cell count, previous exposure to genotoxic agents, or the diagnosis of a myelodysplastic syndrome preceding the diagnosis of AML all negatively influence the . . .
Social Support and Psychological Distress in Primary Care Attenders
Authors: L. Grassi, G. Rasconi, A. Pedriali, A. Corridoni, M. Bevilacqua
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

Growing evidence has been collected about the high prevalence of psychological distress in primary care. The role of psychosocial variables, namely the role of support from the patients' interpersonal ties, has not been extensively explored.The study investigated the relationship between perceived social support, as evaluated by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and psychological distress, as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, in 1,341 primary care attenders.In comparison with highly supported patients, lowly supported subjects showed higher scores on distress dimensions (e.g. depression, anxiety, phobia) and a higher prevalence of psychological morbidity ('caseness' = 37.3 vs. 11%).The findings suggest that, in the setting of primary care, the GPs' assessment of their patients' social support system may be useful in identifying those more vulnerable to psychological stress.
Filling of a model left ventricle studied by colour M mode Doppler
Authors: T. Steen, S. Steen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: It has been proposed that the early diastolic flow pattern inside the left ventricle reflects ventricular diastolic function. The flow pattern often divides into two phases towards the apex. The aim of this study was to examine the hydrodynamic nature of this phenomenon. Methods: A rubber balloon representing the ventricle was connected to a reservoir representing the atrium, both filled with anticoagulated blood. Rigid "mitral" orifices 20 mm long and 15-40 mm in diameter were used. Surrounding the ventricle was a water filled chamber to which suction could be applied. The colour M mode Doppler sample beam coincided with the ventricular long axis. Colour M mode measures velocity at multiple sites along the beam simultaneously. The timing and magnitude of the velocities were analysed digitally. The filling was also qualitatively studied by ultrasonic two dimensional sector scanning. Results: At the start of the filling, blood moved simultaneously at all levels, behaving as a fluid column. This was denoted "phase I". A flow wave then propagated from the mitral orifice towards the apex, called "phase II". This was found to represent a ring vortex, with blood velocities twice its propagation velocity [ratio 2.1(SEM 0.016)]. The ratio between the velocity time integrals of phase II and phase I decreased progressively from 51(15) to 0.41(0.14) when mitral orifice diameter was increased in 5 mm steps from 15 mm to 40 mm (p< 0.001). The propagation velocity correlated strongly with peak transmitral blood velocity, r = 0.95, p< 0.001. The flow patterns resembled patterns recorded in patients. Conclusions: The two phases of the filling pattern represented the motion of a blood column and the propagation of a ring vortex, respectively. Mitral orifice size determined which phase dominated the flow pattern. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1821-1827
Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia: Hypokalemia in Acute Blastic Crisis
Authors: Kai-Yiu Yeung, Arthur A. Trowbridge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia: Hypokalemia in Acute Blastic CrisisKAI-YIU YEUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P., ARTHUR A. TROWBRIDGE, M.D.KAI-YIU YEUNG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, ARTHUR A. TROWBRIDGE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-533 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mir and associates (1) noted the presence of hypokalemia (serum K, < 3.5 meq/litre) at some stage of the disease in 59% of 32 consecutive cases of acute myeloid leukemia and its variants. However, this abnormality has not been reported in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Recently, we have observed two patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia who developed hypokalemia during the acute blastic crisis. Their clinical features and laboratory data are summarized in Table 1.The mechanism of the hypokalemia associated with acute myeloid leukemia and its variants has not been fully elucidated. By balance studies, Muggia and co-workers...References1. MIRBRABINTANG MBO: Hypokalemia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Ann Intern Med 82:54-57, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MUGGIAHEINEMANNFARHANGI FHM: Lysozymuria and renal tubular dysfunction in monocytic and myelomonocytic leukemia. Am J Med 47:351-366, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MIRDELAMORE MI: Hypouricaemia and proximal renal tubular dysfunction in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br Med J 3:775-777, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KOSMIDISJAMSEKAXELROD PMA: Hypokalemia in leukemia (letter). Ann Intern Med 82:854-855, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar5. MIRBOBINSKI MH: Altered membrane sodium transport and the presence of a plasma ouabain-like inhibitory factor in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Sci Mol Med 48:213-218, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypokalemia in LeukemiaJEFFREY R. FISHER, M.D.Hypokalemia in LeukemiaDAVID PRAGER, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN RULE, M.D., HARRY KINTZI, M.D. 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 533-534KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaChronic myeloid leukemiaClinical laboratoriesResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
An ultrastructural investigation into the size dependency of contractility of isolated cardiac muscle
Authors: L. M DELBRIDGE, D. S LOISELLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article An ultrastructural investigation into the size dependency of contractility of isolated cardiac muscle Get access LEANNE M DELBRIDGE, LEANNE M DELBRIDGE * From the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168 *The address of Ms Delbridge is currently: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DENIS S LOISELLE DENIS S LOISELLE From the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 1, January 1981, Pages 21–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.1.21 Published: 01 January 1981
Renal Uptake of Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: HOLLEY M. DEY, RICHARD P. SPENCER, RONALD J. ROSENBERG, RICHARD D. BALDWIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

DEY, HOLLEY M. M.D.; SPENCER, RICHARD P. M.D., Ph.D.; ROSENBERG, RONALD J. M.D.; BALDWIN, RICHARD D. M.D. Author Information
Febrile Thrombopenic Purpura with Hemolytic Anemia and Platelet Thrombosis
Authors: Philip T. Goldenberg, John E. Thayer, Louis P. Hastings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

A CLINICAL syndrome characterized by fever, a rapidly progressing anemia, mild icterus, thrombopenia, Central-nervous-system manifestations and death in a relatively short time was first described by Moschcowitz1 in 1925. Since that time a limited number of cases that seemed to fit this picture clinically and pathologically in remarkable similarity have appeared in the literature, the outstanding features at autopsy having been the numerous petechial hemorrhages found in the heart, kidneys, liver and brain, which microscopical examination revealed to be due to platelet thrombi. As yet, no definite reason has been given to explain this peculiar sequence of events, which, in . . .