tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure of U.S. Children to Residential Dust Lead, 1999–2004: I. Housing and Demographic Factors
Authors: Joanna M. Gaitens, Sherry L. Dixon, David E. Jacobs, Jyothi Nagaraja, Warren Strauss, Jonathan W. Wilson, Peter J. Ashley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Lead-contaminated house dust is a major source of lead exposure for children in the United States. In 1999-2004, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected dust lead (PbD) loading samples from the homes of children 12-60 months of age.In this study we aimed to compare national PbD levels with existing health-based standards and to identify housing and demographic factors associated with floor and windowsill PbD.We used NHANES PbD data (n=2,065 from floors and n=1,618 from windowsills) and covariates to construct linear and logistic regression models.The population-weighted geometric mean floor and windowsill PbD were 0.5 microg/ft2 [geometric standard error (GSE)=1.0] and 7.6 microg/ft2 (GSE=1.0), respectively. Only 0.16% of the floors and 4.0% of the sills had PbD at or above current federal standards of 40 and 250 microg/ft2, respectively. Income, race/ethnicity, floor surface/condition, windowsill PbD, year of construction, recent renovation, smoking, and survey year were significant predictors of floor PbD [the proportion of variability in the dependent variable accounted for by the model (R2)=35%]. A similar set of predictors plus the presence of large areas of exterior deteriorated paint in pre-1950 homes and the presence of interior deteriorated paint explained 20% of the variability in sill PbD. A companion article [Dixon et al. Environ Health Perspect 117:468-474 (2009)] describes the relationship between children's blood lead and PbD.Most houses with children have PbD levels that comply with federal standards but may put children at risk. Factors associated with PbD in our population-based models are primarily the same as factors identified in smaller at-risk cohorts. PbD on floors and windowsills should be kept as low as possible to protect children.
Essential Requirement for PP2A Inhibition by the Oncogenic Receptor c-KIT Suggests PP2A Reactivation as a Strategy to Treat c-KIT+ Cancers — Letter
Authors: Amaury G. Dumont, David G. Reynoso, Jonathan C. Trent
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

In the article by Roberts and colleagues (1), the authors demonstrated that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was required for survival of myeloid cells expressing mutant KIT. Restoration of PP2A activity by FTY720 (fingolimod; Novartis) was cytotoxic to these cells. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has just approved fingolimod as treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) at 0.5 mg daily dose based on the results of 2 phase 3 clinical trials (2, 3). In view of the FDA approval and the work by Roberts and colleagues, there is clear potential for FTY720 as a therapeutic agent for KIT-expressing tumors.Our group focuses on preclinical and clinical development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), a sarcoma driven by KIT gain-of-function mutations. The standard-of-care for patients with advanced GIST is imatinib mesylate but most patients develop resistance after about 2 years (4). As such, we believe that dephosphorylation and inactivation of KIT induced by PP2A activation offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with GIST. However, we are cautiously optimistic about the clinical applicability of FTY720 as proposed by Roberts and colleagues. Specifically, the IC50 of FTY720 for murine FDC-P1 cells expressing the imatinib-resistant D816V mutant KIT was found to be 2.4 μmol/L (737.9 ng/mL). Similarly, the IC50 ranged between 3.4 and 4.9 μmol/L in human leukemia cell lines expressing mutant KIT. Although effective in vitro, these concentrations exceed that obtained in clinical trials and would require higher oral dosing than has been reported. In a pooled pharmacokinetic analysis of the phase III studies for MS the average steady-state plasma concentrations of FTY720 at doses of 0.5 and 1.25 mg were 2 to 3 and 5 to 6 ng/mL, respectively (2, 3).This prompted us to evaluate FTY720 in a panel of previously-described GIST cells (Table 1) harboring imatinib-sensitive and -resistant KIT mutations (5). Although FTY720 was significantly cytotoxic, achieving 80% to 95% inhibition in all GIST cell lines, the concentration required for antitumor efficacy was 10 μmol/L. The IC50 of FTY720 at 72 hours ranged between 2.9 and 3.9 μmol/L in GIST cells.In summary, we feel that PP2A-reactivation is a promising approach in GIST but will require higher doses of FTY720 than that observed in patients with MS. Although we hope that this agent will prove active in the treatment of patients with GIST, we also hope that these issues are considered in the design of clinical trials for patients with GIST.See the Response, p. 2404GIST-T1 cells were kindly provided by Drs. Andrew Godwin and Takahiro Taguchi, GIST882 by Dr. Jonathan Fletcher, and GIST48IM and GIST430IM by Dr. Anette Duensing.
Completion lymphadenectomy may not increase in-transit disease in malignant melanoma
Authors: Robin Russell-Jones, Ciaran Healy, Ann-Marie Powell, Katharine Acland, Michael O'Doherty, Eduardo Calonje
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs Cause or association?Editor-The study by Willis et al, testing whether dogs can detect signs of bladder cancer in urine, may be the occasion for an amusing cover for the BMJ but this should not be an excuse for relaxing intellectual rigor when assessing the experiment. 1 Neither the authors nor the commentator point out that the study design is unable to distinguish cause from association-a basic logical error.The dogs may be detecting "tumour related volatile compounds" or they may be detecting a substance in the urine that is associated with an increased risk of cancer.The most obvious candidate would be from cigarette smoking, which would be rather unoriginal, but it could also be other as yet unidentified substances.Furthermore, while the dogs may only be 41% accurate at detecting urine from people already diagnosed with cancer, the results would also be consistent with a higher accuracy for detecting patients at risk of cancer.The authors should follow up their interesting preliminary study rigorously and the BMJ should stick to the Christmas edition for letting down its usual standards of review.
Longevity and C282Y mutation for haemochromatosis: Survival of C282Y homozygotes does not preclude screening for HFE mutations
Authors: G. Willis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR–In their recent paper, Coppin et al found surviving elderly people who were homozygous for the C282Y mutation at a frequency similar to our previous study.1 2 Their results illustrate clearly and simply that fatal disease is not an invariant outcome for untreated women who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation, and our study drew the same conclusion for …
Correction: Metronidazole Dose for Amebiasis
Authors: Peter Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

To the Editor: An error in my Drug Therapy article on metronidazole (November 20 issue) has been called to my attention, and I would like to have it noted. For the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis the dose of metronidazole recommended in the package insert is 750 mg three times daily.
Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in offspring of mice dams fed high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Arine M Melo, Rafaela O Benatti, Leticia M Ignacio-Souza, Caroline Okino, Adriana S Torsoni, Marciane Milanski, Licio A Velloso, Marcio Alberto Torsoni
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO INFECTIONS WITH TYPE III AND THE RELATED TYPE VIII PNEUMOCOCCUS 1
Authors: Maxwell Finland, Alexander W. Winkler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

Artificial immunity to the Type III pneumococcus varies with different animal species and differs from that obtainable with Types I and II (1).The antibody response, in man, to lobar pneumonia due to Type III is less constant and of lower grade than that following infection with the latter types.The Type VIII pneumococcus (2), which is immunologically related to but not identical with Type III (3), has been found frequently in association with human disease (4).In the present communication are presented the results of tests for pneumococcus antibodies in patients with infections associated with Type III and with Type VIII pneumococci. EXPERIMENTAL Subjects, materials and methodsThe sera of 71 patients with infections associated with Type III or Type VIII pneumococci were studied.Patients with lobar pneumonia, bronchopneu- monia or other infections without pneumonia were included.The pneumococcus type was usually obtained from a culture of the heart's blood of a mouse inocu- lated with sputum.All cultures were agglutinated both macroscopically and microscopically in Type III and Type VIII antisera, progressive dilutions of the sera being used where cross-agglutination was encountered.In many instances subcultures of colonies from the surface of blood agar plate cultures were used for typing.Blood cultures were made by inoculating, at the bedside, 5 to 10 cc. of blood into beef infusion broth at pH 7.8 and pneumococci thus obtained were similarly typed.Typing sera for Types I to XXXII (5) were obtained from the Laboratories of the New York City Department of Health through the kind- ness of Miss Georgia Cooper and Dr. William H. Park.Additional sera for Types I, II and III were furnished by Dr. Benjamin White of the Antitoxin and
A Privacy Primer for the Web
Authors: Robert Sikorski, Richard Peters
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3755: Prospective study of genomic hypomethylation of leukocyte DNA and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Wen-Yi Huang, Joseph L. Su, Richard B. Hayes, Lee E. Moore, Hormuzd A. Katki, Sonja I. Berndt, Joel L. Weissfeld, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Mark P. Purdue
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Systematic genome-wide (global) reductions of methylated cytosine levels have been observed in most cancer tissues, including colorectal cancer, and are hypothesized to contribute to carcinogenesis through genomic instability and protooncogene activation. Recently, genomic DNA hypomethylation has been measured in peripheral blood leukocytes and associated with colorectal tumors. However, as these studies used post-diagnostic specimens, it is possible that the observed findings reflect disease- and/or treatment-induced effects on leukocyte DNA methylation. Methods: Using prospectively collected blood specimens and questionnaire data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, we studied genomic leukocyte DNA methylation status in relation to subsequent colorectal cancer risk in a nested case-control study of 370 cases and 493 controls with no cancer diagnosis prior to the blood draw. Genomic leukocyte DNA methylation status was determined by an HPLC/Tandem Mass Spectrometry method and expressed as the relative amount of methyl-cytosine to total cytosine residues, or %5-mC. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using unconditional logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender, race, time since initial sigmoidoscopy screening, and year of randomization. Inclusion of other suspected colorectal cancer risk factors in the models did not materially change the results. Results: We observed a relatively narrow range of genomic leukocyte DNA methylation levels among cases and controls, with %5-mC ranging from 3.57 to 4.60 (median = 4.03, standard deviation = 0.19). Categorizing subjects by quartiles of %5-mC content in controls, using the lowest quartile as the reference category (Q1), we observed no trend in risk with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for Q2, 1.44 (1.01-2.08); Q3, 1.06 (0.75-1.51); and Q4, 1.01 (0.70-1.47) (P-trend = 0.49). Dichotomizing subjects by median of %5-mC in controls with the lower %5-mC group as the reference, we found a borderline-significantly decreased risk for subjects with %5-mC above the median (OR = 0.81, CI = 0.61-1.06), particularly among subjects whose natural folate intake levels were above the median (OR = 0.60, CI = 0.39-0.95; P-interaction = 0.06). Conclusion: Preliminary findings from our study, to our knowledge the first prospective investigation of DNA methylation and colorectal cancer, show no clear dose-dependent association between genomic leukocyte DNA methylation status and subsequent cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3755. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3755
In Search of the Modern Hippocrates
Authors: D. Mark Mahler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Hippocrates described the profession of medicine in philosophical and cultural contexts. In In Search of the Modern Hippocrates , Roger J. Bulger challenges the profession, currently experiencing  kind of free-fall through a series of major force fields, to accommodate sociocultural changes in accord with basic values of service and interpersonal process. According to Bulger, this volume  an attempt to get at the core of physicianhood and to approach the idea of special commitment through the articulation of a new code. It consists of 19 essays by distinguished contributors, covering topics in history, philosophy, ethics, anthropology, and literature in medicine, which consider the human condition generally and the physician-patient relationship specifically. The book is written particularly for medical students and medical educators; premedical students and reflective physicians may also find topics of interest.  A prospective reader is advised to start with the last chapter. In a unique format, Dr Bulger
Control of hair growth and follicle size by VEGF-mediated angiogenesis
Authors: Kiichiro Yano, Lawrence F. Brown, Michael Detmar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The murine hair follicle undergoes pronounced cyclic expansion and regression, leading to rapidly changing demands for its vascular support. Our study aimed to quantify the cyclic changes of perifollicular vascularization and to characterize the biological role of VEGF for hair growth, angiogenesis, and follicle cycling. We found a significant increase in perifollicular vascularization during the growth phase (anagen) of the hair cycle, followed by regression of angiogenic blood vessels during the involution (catagen) and the resting (telogen) phase. Perifollicular angiogenesis was temporally and spatially correlated with upregulation of VEGF mRNA expression by follicular keratinocytes of the outer root sheath, but not by dermal papilla cells. Transgenic overexpression of VEGF in outer root sheath keratinocytes of hair follicles strongly induced perifollicular vascularization, resulting in accelerated hair regrowth after depilation and in increased size of hair follicles and hair shafts. Conversely, systemic treatment with a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody led to hair growth retardation and reduced hair follicle size. No effects of VEGF treatment or VEGF blockade were observed in mouse vibrissa organ cultures, which lack a functional vascular system. These results identify VEGF as a major mediator of hair follicle growth and cycling and provide the first direct evidence that improved follicle vascularization promotes hair growth and increases hair follicle and hair size.
Imaging Identifies Submandibular Ectopic Thyroid Tissue
Authors: Maria Rosa Pelizzo, Francesca Torresan, Gaia Grassetto, Giuseppe Briani, Maria Cristina Marzola, Domenico Rubello
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

The identification of submandibular ectopic normal thyroid in the lateral neck with a coexisting normally located and functional thyroid gland is rare. Ectopic normal thyroid tissue in the midline location is most commonly related to aberrant migration along the thyroglossal duct (ie, lingual thyroid). A 54-year-old man with a 6-month history of visible asymptomatic swelling in the right submandibular region had ultrasonography and Tc-99m pertechnetate imaging.
Hospital Leaders' Opinions of the HCFA Mortality Data
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The release of hospital-specific mortality data by the Health Care Financing Administration has stirred controversy about the adequacy of current case-mix adjustment models and about the wisdom in general of public release of outcome data. We surveyed a national sample of hospitals, stratified by measured mortality rate, in the 1987 Health Care Financing Administration data release to determine the reactions of hospital leaders to the data and to learn if hospitals with high mortality had different attitudes from those of hospitals with average or low mortality as measured by the Health Care Financing Administration. Seventy-eight percent (N = 195) responded. All hospitals, regardless of mortality rate, shared an extremely negative view of the accuracy, usefulness, and interpretability of the Health Care Financing Administration's mortality data. The lowest possible rating (poor) was given by 70% of the respondents on the question of usefulness of the data to the hospital, by 54% on accuracy of the data, and by 85% on usefulness of the data to consumers. Only 31% of the respondents said that they had used the data at all for internal purposes and 20% reported that the data release had caused problems for the hospital. Hospitals in the high-mortality group were more likely than others to report both use of the data and problems from its release. Publication of outcome data to encourage quality improvement may face severe and pervasive barriers in the attitudes and reactions of hospital leaders who are potential clients for such data.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions. Primary success, restenosis, and long-term clinical follow-up.
Authors: R J Ivanhoe, W S Weintraub, J S Douglas, N J Lembo, M Furman, G Gershony, C L Cohen, S B King
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Angioplasty of chronically totally occluded vessels has been associated with a success rate well below and restenosis rate well above that for angioplasty of stenosed segments. However, long-term clinical outcome after successful revascularization of a chronically totally occluded vessel has not been reported in detail.Accordingly, data for 480 patients undergoing angioplasty for chronic total occlusion at Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga., from 1980 to 1988 were analyzed for predictors of in-hospital procedural and clinical (procedural success and absence of in-hospital complications) success, restenosis, and 4-year clinical follow-up. The study population was grouped by procedural and clinical success and failure. The groups were then compared for outcome, both in hospital and long term. The initial clinical success rate was 66% (317 of 480 patients). Independent correlates of failure were the number of vessels diseased (p less than 0.001), vessel location of the lesion (p = 0.016), and absence of any distal antegrade filling (p = 0.002). Follow-up data revealed 98% cardiac survival and 96% overall survival at 4 years for the group as a whole. Freedom from myocardial infarction or cardiac death was significantly greater in patients with clinical success (93%) than with clinical failure (89%, p = 0.0044). In the successful group, 87% were free from coronary surgery after 4 years compared with 64% in the failure group (p less than 0.0001). Two thirds of the patients were free of angina at last follow-up. The presence of angina at follow-up was the same for patients successfully treated and for those with failed angioplasty, which may be related to the frequent use of coronary surgery in the failure group.In well-selected cases, the success rate for angioplasty of chronic total occlusion is acceptable. Furthermore, long-term clinical benefit is suggested by the high freedom from coronary surgery, myocardial infarction, and death in the patients who underwent successful revascularization.
Erratum to ‘Locally delivered nanoencapsulated tyrphostin (AGL-2043) reduces neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid and stented porcine coronary arteries’ [Biomaterials 26 (2005) 451–461]
Authors: Shmuel Banai, Michael Chorny, S. David Gertz, Ilia Fishbein, Jianchuan Gao, Louise Perez, Galila Lazarovich, Aviv Gazit, Alexander Levitzki, Gershon Golomb
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Myocardial Enzyme Levels and Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery—Reply
Authors: Michael J. Domanski, Kenneth Mahaffey, Vic Hasselblad
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal