tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Car colour and risk of car crash injury: population based case control study
Authors: S Furness
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Globally, road traffic crashes kill about 3000 people a day.1 Identification of modifiable risk factors is an important step in reducing this burden. Previous research suggests that white or light coloured cars are less likely to be involved in a crash, than cars of other colours.2 We investigated the effect of car colour on the risk of a serious injury from a crash, using a population based case control study designed to identify and quantify modifiable risk factors.

The Auckland car crash injury study was conducted in the Auckland region of New Zealand between April 1998 and June 1999.3 4 The study population comprised all drivers of cars on public (urban and rural) roads in the region. Cases (n = 571) were all car drivers involved in crashes in which one or more of the …
ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN MONKEYS IN RESPONSE TO INJECTION OF NORMAL MONKEY NERVOUS TISSUE
Authors: Isabel M. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

By subcutaneous injection of central nervous tissue emulsified with adjuvants according to Freund's technique it has been possible to induce in the majority of monkeys an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis which is interpreted as an isoimmunization to CNS tissue. Positive reactions occurred only in response to CNS tissue containing white matter; i.e., cerebral white matter, spinal cord (whether normal or poliomyelitis-infected), and cortical "gray" matter (with an estimated 10 per cent contamination with white matter). No reaction occurred when peripheral nerve or kidney suspension or saline alone was injected with adjuvants. The perivascular and extravascular infiltration induced was confined to the CNS.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Framingham Study
Authors: L. Djousse, J. F. Dorgan, Y. Zhang, A. Schatzkin, M. Hood, R. B. D'Agostino, D. L. Copenhafer, B. E. Kreger, R. C. Ellison
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Reports on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of lung cancer have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess this association in a cohort study. Methods: This study included 4265 participants in the original population-based Framingham Study cohort and 4973 subjects in the offspring cohort. Alcohol consumption data were collected periodically for both cohorts. We used the risk sets method to match control subjects to each case patient based on age, sex, smoking variables, and year of birth. We used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate the relative risk of lung cancer according to alcohol consumption. Results: Alcohol consumption was generally light to moderate (i.e., <12 g/day) in both cohorts. During mean follow-ups of 32.8 years in the original and 16.2 years in the offspring cohorts, 269 cases of lung cancer occurred. In categories of total alcohol consumption of 0, 0.1–12, 12.1–24, and greater than 24 g/day, the crude incidence rates of lung cancer were 7.4, 13.6, 16.4, and 25.2 cases per 10 000 person-years, respectively, in the original cohort and 6.6, 4.3, 7.9, and 12.3 cases per 10 000 person-years, respectively, in the offspring cohort. However, after adjustment for age, sex, pack-years of smoking, smoking status, and year of birth in a multivariable conditional logistic regression model, relative risks for lung cancer from the lowest to the highest category of alcohol consumption were 1.0 (referent), 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5 to 2.1), 1.0 (95% CI = 0.5 to 2.3), and 1.1 (95% CI = 0.5 to 2.3), respectively, in the original cohort and 1.0, 1.4 (95% CI = 0.5 to 3.6), 1.1 (95% CI = 0.3 to 3.6), and 2.0 (95% CI = 0.7 to 5.7), respectively, in the offspring cohort. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption among subjects in the Framingham Study, most of whom were light to moderate drinkers, was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Indocyanine green elimination test in orthotopic liver recipients
Authors: T Tsubono, S Todo, N Jabbour, A Mizoe, V Warty, A J Demetris, T E Starzl
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Objective: To determine its predictive capability on graft quality and resultant clinical outcome, the indocyanine green (ICG) elimination test was performed by a spectrophotometric method and a noninvasive finger–piece method with 50 orthotopic liver transplantations. Background: Early detection of poor–functioning hepatic grafts is one of the most important issues in liver transplantation, but no reliable methods exist. Methods: The ICG test was performed after 50 orthotopic liver transplantations on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Indocyanine green elimination constants (KICG) were measured by both a standard spectrophotometric analysis (KICG–B) and by a finger–piece method (KICG–F). The patients were followed for a minimum of 3 months after transplantation. Results of ICG tests were correlated with various clinical determinations. Results: Twelve of the 50 grafts were lost within three months, of which 7 were related to graft failure. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model revealed that KICG on postoperative day 1 was a better predictor of liver– related graft outcome than any of the conventional liver function tests. Furthermore, KICG values showed significant correlation with the severity of preservation injury, longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, prolonged liver dysfunction, and septic complications. Correlation of KICG values by the spectrophotometric method with those by the finger–piece method was highly satisfactory in the grafts that had KICG–B &lt;0.15 min–1 (y = 0.868x –0.011, r = .955). Conclusion: The ICG elimination test, conducted spectrophotometrically or optically on the day after liver transplantation, is a reliable indicator of graft quality and subsequent graft outcome early after liver transplantation.
Flow-Gradient Patterns in Severe Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Mackram F. Eleid, Paul Sorajja, Hector I. Michelena, Joseph F. Malouf, Christopher G. Scott, Patricia A. Pellikka
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved ejection fraction, those with low gradient (LG) and reduced stroke volume may have an adverse prognosis. We investigated the prognostic impact of stroke volume using the recently proposed flow-gradient classification.We examined 1704 consecutive patients with severe AS (aortic valve area <1.0 cm(2)) and preserved ejection fraction (≥50%) using 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Patients were stratified by stroke volume index (<35 mL/m(2) [low flow, LF] versus ≥35 mL/m(2) [normal flow, NF]) and aortic gradient (<40 mm Hg [LG] versus ≥40 mm Hg [high gradient, HG]) into 4 groups: NF/HG, NF/LG, LF/HG, and LF/LG. NF/LG (n=352, 21%), was associated with favorable survival with medical management (2-year estimate, 82% versus 67% in NF/HG; P<0.0001). LF/LG severe AS (n=53, 3%) was characterized by lower ejection fraction, more prevalent atrial fibrillation and heart failure, reduced arterial compliance, and reduced survival (2-year estimate, 60% versus 82% in NF/HG; P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, the LF/LG pattern was the strongest predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-6.22; P<0.001 versus NF/LG). Aortic valve replacement was associated with a 69% mortality reduction (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.39; P<0.0001) in LF/LG and NF/HG, with no survival benefit associated with aortic valve replacement in NF/LG and LF/HG.NF/LG severe AS with preserved ejection fraction exhibits favorable survival with medical management, and the impact of aortic valve replacement on survival was neutral. LF/LG severe AS is characterized by a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and reduced survival, and aortic valve replacement was associated with improved survival. These findings have implications for the evaluation and subsequent management of AS severity.
The Neurotoxicity of Antibacterial Agents
Authors: SHARON R. SNAVELY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Commonly used antibacterial agents may be associated with various neurotoxic reactions. Central nervous system toxicities include seizure disorders, encephalopathy, bulging fontanelles, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. These abnormalities have been associated with the use of the penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, Colistin, aminoglycosides, metronidazole, isoniazid, rifampin, ethionamide, cycloserine, and dapsone. Cranial nerve toxicities, such as myopia, optic neuritis, deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, have been associated with the use of erythromycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, colistin, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, isoniazid, and ethambutol. Peripheral nerve symptoms consisting of paresthesias, motor weakness, or sensory impairment have been associated with the use of the penicillins, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, colistin, metronidazole, isoniazid, ethionamide, and dapsone. Neuromuscular blockade has been associated with the use of the tetracyclines, polymyxins, lincomycin, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides. Management generally consists of supportive therapy and immediate discontinuation of therapy with the offending drug.
Nucleation time of gall bladder bile in gall stone patients: influence of bile acid treatment.
Authors: S Sahlin, J Ahlberg, B Angelin, E Reihner, K Einarsson
Journal: Gut (1991)

The time required for precipitation of cholesterol crystals (nucleation time, NT) was determined and related to the cholesterol saturation in gall bladder bile of gall stone free subjects (n = 11), patients with pigment stones (n = 3), and patients with cholesterol gall stones (n = 30) undergoing cholecystectomy. Seven of the gall stone patients had been treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and nine with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 15 mg/kg/day for three weeks before operation. NT was longer in gall stone free subjects (mean, 20 days), patients with pigment stones (14 days) and patients treated with CDCA (24 days) and UDCA (17 days) compared with untreated patients with cholesterol gall stones (1.5 days). In spite of low cholesterol saturation and prolonged NT, and in contrast to those treated with CDCA, four of the nine patients treated with UDCA had cholesterol crystals in their bile. These observations give further support to the concept that the mechanism for inducing gall stone dissolution may be different for CDCA and UDCA.
Beneficial effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor activity on ischemic myocardium during coronary hypoperfusion in dogs.
Authors: M Kitakaze, M Hori, K Gotoh, H Sato, K Iwakura, A Kitabatake, M Inoue, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We have previously reported that alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation enhances adenosine-induced coronary vasodilation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that alpha 2-adrenoceptor activity exerts beneficial effects on myocardial ischemia through augmentation of vasodilatory effects of released adenosine. In open-chest dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused through an extracorporeal bypass tube from the carotid artery. Propranolol was infused into the bypass tube to exclude the metabolic effects of norepinephrine. When clonidine (0.24 micrograms/kg/min i.c.) was infused for 10 minutes after reduction of coronary blood flow by partial occlusion of the bypass tube, coronary blood flow was increased by 43% from 27 +/- 1 ml/100 g/min despite no changes in coronary perfusion pressure (38 +/- 5 mm Hg) and a slight decrease in adenosine release. Both fractional shortening and lactate extraction ratio of the perfused area were significantly improved (fractional shortening, 1.8 +/- 1.0 to 10.9 +/- 1.5%, p less than 0.001; lactate extraction ratio, -57.8 +/- 6.5 to -31.9 +/- 2.4%, p less than 0.005). Identical results were observed in the denervated hearts, indicating that the beneficial effect of clonidine is not attributed to the prevention of norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve terminals. The beneficial effects of clonidine were prevented by yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking agent. An adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, also prevented the beneficial effects of clonidine, indicating that these beneficial effects are mediated by effects of adenosine. Furthermore, the extent of augmentation of coronary flow in the ischemic heart was coincided with that of augmentation of exogenous adenosine-induced hyperemic flow (40%) by clonidine. Production of cyclic AMP in the coronary artery during myocardial ischemia was augmented by clonidine. In 12 other dogs, myocardial ischemia was produced by intracoronary embolization of microspheres (15 microns in diameter). Clonidine enhanced (39%) the hyperemic coronary flow and improved both fractional shortening and lactate extraction ratio. Thus, we conclude that alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation can ameliorate myocardial ischemia mainly due to enhancement of vasodilatory effects of adenosine released from the ischemic myocardium.
Headache Assessment and Management
Authors: Robert Kaniecki
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison between Sequelae of Surgical and Medical Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: A. E. Young, M. L. Thomas, N. L. Browse
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Thirty-six patients have been studied clinically and phlebographically three years after a major deep vein thrombosis. Twenty were treated surgically and 16 medically. The incidence of post-thrombotic symptoms was similar in the two groups. The use of superficial femoral vein ligation to prevent embolism will not worsen the prognosis of a leg which is already the site of deep vein thrombosis.
Receptor-specific mediation by immunoglobulin E of antigen-induced contraction of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips isolated from the guinea pig.
Authors: F M Graziano, L Gundersen, L A Larson, P Harley, C K Buckner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The guinea pig is much like humans in the cells and mediators involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. However, the major anaphylactic antibody in this species is IgG1, not IgE. Recently, we have been successful in producing IgE antibody in guinea pigs. The current study examined whether guinea pig IgE antibody could mediate pulmonary smooth muscle contraction. IgE antibody to picryl and oxazolone determinants was induced by immunizing Hartley strain guinea pigs pretreated with cyclophosphamide. Hyperimmune serum from these animals was passed through a heavy chain-specific anti-IgG1 affinity column. The presence of IgE anti-hapten antibody in the filtrate fraction was verified by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) testing with a 7-d period of local passive sensitization and by heat lability (56 degrees C X 4 h) of PCA activity. This IgE-rich fraction, and purified IgG1 anti-hapten antibody were transferred to normal guinea pigs. Both fractions sensitized trachea and pulmonary parenchyma for antigen-induced smooth muscle contraction. The IgG1-mediated antigen-induced contractile response was not affected by heat (56 degrees C X 4 h) and was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by IgG1 blocking antibody (anti-OA). The IgE-mediated antigen-induced contractile response was significantly decreased by heat and was not affected by the anti-OA blocking antibody even at a concentration of 100 mg/kg. Thus, two antigen-specific factors in guinea pig serum can mediate antigen-induced pulmonary smooth muscle contraction: IgG1 and IgE antibodies. Our data also suggests that these antibodies mediate the contractile response through separate receptors. The finding that guinea pig IgE can mediate pulmonary smooth muscle contraction suggests this species can be a model for IgE-mediated events in the lung.
Trask Loss Enhances Tumorigenic Growth by Liberating Integrin Signaling and Growth Factor Receptor Cross-Talk in Unanchored Cells
Authors: Danislav S. Spassov, Ching Hang Wong, Sunny Y. Wong, Jeremy F. Reiter, Mark M. Moasser
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The cell surface glycoprotein Trask/CDCP1 is phosphorylated during anchorage loss in epithelial cells in which it inhibits integrin clustering, outside-in signaling, and cell adhesion. Its role in cancer has been difficult to understand, because of the lack of a discernible pattern in its various alterations in cancer cells. To address this issue, we generated mice lacking Trask function. Mammary tumors driven by the PyMT oncogene and skin tumors driven by the SmoM2 oncogene arose with accelerated kinetics in Trask-deficient mice, establishing a tumor suppressing function for this gene. Mechanistic investigations in mammary tumor cell lines derived from wild-type or Trask-deficient mice revealed a derepression of integrin signaling and an enhancement of integrin-growth factor receptor cross-talk, specifically in unanchored cell states. A similar restrictive link between anchorage and growth in untransformed epithelial cells was observed and disrupted by elimination of Trask. Together our results establish a tumor-suppressing function in Trask that restricts epithelial cell growth to the anchored state. Cancer Res; 73(3); 1168–79. ©2012 AACR.
Family Spending Patterns and Health Care
Authors: Charles W. Pahl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book represents the findings of a health attitude study conducted by H. Ashley Weeks, Ph.D., who sought to explore the following problems. Why do some families take better care of their health than others? Within a homogeneous group of families, can part of the answer be found in the families' spending patterns and income? Dr. Weeks chose the Hackensack, N. J., area as the site for this study. To minimize uncontrollable sociological, ethnic, and racial variables, only nativeborn, white, Protestant, intact families whose income was generally thought to be moderate, were interviewed. The families were divided by income into 4 groups ranging from income under $5,000 per year to families with income in excess of $9,000 per year. Each family in the study was called upon by a lay interviewer using a 65-question survey form. The interview covered such areas as: family background; income and payroll deductions; debt management;
Dressing Regimens and Intravenous Catheter—Related Infections-Reply
Authors: Dennis G. Maki
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —With regard to Dr Johnson's first comment, the semiquantitative technique for culturing intravascular catheters, and, specifically, the use of greater than 15 CFUs as denoting infection, has been reaffirmed in studies in a number of other centers besides our own as being of value for distinguishing infected catheters from contamination during sampling.<sup>1-3</sup>The fact that a positive semiquantitative culture is not associated with local signs of infection or bacteremia does not detract from the usefulness of the technique. A positive semiquantitative culture without local or systemic signs of infection may represent "colonization." But the situation is similar to asymptomatic bacteriuria, in which greater than 10<sup>5</sup>CFUs/mL of clean voided urine is widely considered to represent infection<sup>4</sup>; the fact that a patient with a urine culture showing greater than 10<sup>5</sup>CFUs/mL does not have pyuria, bacteremia, or signs of infection does not detract from the
SOME INJURIES OF THE EYE IN THEIR MEDICOLEGAL ASPECT.
Authors: JOHN JOHNSON KYLE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

For me to submit a paper on the medicolegal aspect of injuries of the eye in general would be rank temerity. My efforts will be especially directed to two interesting cases of injuries of the eye, with reference to the medicolegal aspect of one of them in particular. Exaggeration of injuries and feigning seems to have taken its origin in the early dawn of man's existence. Erichsen, of London, in 1866 published six lectures on obscure injuries of the spine due to collision on railroads. Since that time thousands of cases of Obscure nervous and physical disorders have been correctly and incorrectly attributed to trauma. Unfortunately, it is necessary in a consideration of obscure sequences of accidents that we remember the weakness of human nature and draw conclusions from conditions as they really exist, rather than try to prove facts from abstract conditions. The point I wish especially to
Binding, internalization, and lysosomal association of 125I-glucagon in isolated rat hepatocytes. A quantitative electron microscope autoradiographic study.
Authors: P Barazzone, P Gorden, J L Carpentier, L Orci, P Freychet, B Canivet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

When 125I-glucagon is incubated with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and studied by quantitative electron microscope autoradiography, the labeled material localizes to the plasma membrane of the cell at early times of incubation of 20 degrees C; at later times of incubation at 20 degrees C, there is little further translocation of the labeled ligand. When incubations are carried out at 37 degrees C, the labeled material is progressively internalized by the cell after a brief delay. When the internalized radioactivity is further analyzed, it is found to associate preferentially with lysosome-like structures. When the cell-associated radioactivity is extracted, there is degradation of the ligand in incubations carried out at 37 degrees C. The events involved in the interaction of 125I-glucagon with the hepatocyte are similar to those previously described for labeled insulin in this cell. The process of binding, internalization, and lysosomal association appears to be a general process related to many polypeptide hormones and growth factors, and may represent the mechanism by which the specific binding of the ligand to the cell surface mediates the degradation of the ligand and the loss of its surface receptor.
USE OF CUT PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH PLATE CAMERAS
Authors: John J. Sampson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The employment of plate cameras with gravity propulsion of the plate across the lens has persisted for routine clinical electrocardiographic work in the majority of laboratories which are also equipped with motor driven cameras. The necessity for the latter in research work, and in certain cases with abnormalities occurring rarely or with prolonged periodicity, is not denied. The reasons apparent for this routine use of plates are: Convenience of filing, such as in the boxes in which the plates are sold, for permanent records from which prints may be made as desired. Assemblage of the three leads in a compact arrangement for comparative interpretation without the effort of cutting, trimming and mounting each lead separately. Greater facility of developing and printing small records, rather than long strips. Three unfavorable factors in the use of plates, which are obviated in the use of cut photographic film, are noted, namely: Danger of