tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-3: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) downregulates ALK in neuroblastoma cell lines and induces apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cell lines with activated ALK
Authors: Hitoyasu Futami, Ryuichi Sakai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumors in children and high-risk patients with such tumors have a poor prognosis despite recent advances with multimodal therapies. Retinoic acids have been clinically used for some cancers including neuroblastoma although the mechanism of their antitumor effect remains to be fully elucidated. It was recently reported that gene amplification and gain-of-function mutation of ALK were found in tumors from some neuroblastoma patients; and RNAi or small molecule inhibitors of ALK induced apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cell lines with these genetic alterations of ALK. In this study, we found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) downregulated ALK expression in neuroblastoma cell lines; and the suppression of ALK by ATRA accompanied apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cell lines with activated ALK. We used four neuroblastoma cell lines: NB-39-nu cells with gene amplification of ALK, SH-SY5Y cells with gain-of-function mutation of ALK as well as TNB-1 and GOTO cells without such genetic alterations. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the levels of ALK protein were remarkably reduced in all cell lines treated with ATRA at the concentration of 1 μM or 10 μM for 72 h. Analysis by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for mRNA expression levels in ATRA-treated NB-39-nu cells revealed that the ALK mRNA quantitative levels of the cells reduced at 24 h after such treatment. Apoptosis assays demonstrated obvious apoptosis in NB-39-nu and SH-SY5Y cells whereas it was not evident in TNB-1 and GOTO cells. Cleaved caspase-3 was also detected in NB-39-nu and SH-SY5Y cells 72 h after treatment with ATRA, but not in TNB-1 and GOTO cells. In addition, we observed cell growth inhibition that was accompanied with apoptosis in NB-39-nu and SH-SY5Y cells treated with ATRA. These results suggest that ALK downregulation by ATRA might lead to apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma cells with activated ALK. This finding further suggests that ALK downregulation by retinoic acids could contribute to their therapeutic effect in a subset of neuroblastoma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-3.
Harm or Naughtiness
Authors: HERBERT S. BREYFOGLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Harm or NaughtinessHERBERT S. BREYFOGLE, M.D.HERBERT S. BREYFOGLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-580 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The erudite essay by A.R. Jonsen (Ann Intern Med 88:827-833 1978) brings to mind a comment by William B. Bean in 1960 concerning the phrase "Primum non nocere."Consider the plight of the enthusiastic professor of obstetrics who wanted a suitable inscription carved over the spotless marble doorway of his lavish new clinic, which served rich and poor, married or not. His proper obstetrical mood oflaissez fairesent him reeling back through his stock of Hippocratic aphorisms. He recalled the admonition "First do no harm" especially suitable in an emporium of obstetrics. He used the Latin...Reference1. BEAN W: The natural history of error. Arch Intern Med 105:184-194 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 580-580 Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Anchoring of FLT3 in the endoplasmic reticulum alters signaling quality
Authors: Dirk Schmidt-Arras, Sylvia-Annette Böhmer, Sina Koch, Jörg P. Müller, Lutz Blei, Hauke Cornils, Reinhard Bauer, Sridhar Korasikha, Christian Thiede, Frank-D. Böhmer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Tuberculosis Transmission in a Large Urban Jail
Authors: Lambert King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Following diagnosis of moderately advanced tuberculosis in an inmate of Cook County Jail, tuberculin testing was performed to assess the degree of transmission of tuberculosis within the jail. Twenty-three percent of inmates exposed to the index patient were initially found to be tuberculin positive. Subsequent tuberculin testing three months later demonstrated a 71% rate of skin-test conversion in previously tuberculin-negative inmates exposed to the index patient. The rate of infectivity of tuberculosis within a jail is analogous to a household situation. Despite major obstacles, modern programs of tuberculosis screening and treatment are essential in correctional institutions.
Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography
Authors: D. R. Baldwin, D. M. Hansell, S. W. Duffy, J. K. Field
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Now recommended in the US, but what about the UK?

Lung cancer is a health problem that clearly merits a screening programme. Each year about 35 000 people in the United Kingdom die from lung cancer—more than the number for colorectal and breast cancer combined. In addition, about three quarters of people present with incurable disease, at a stage when treatment has little effect on overall survival; early stage disease is curable; risk factors for lung cancer are well understood; and a highly sensitive screening test is available.

Many of the early trials of screening with chest radiography and the non-randomised computed tomography studies were not designed to minimise the biases operating in screening trials that result in apparently longer survival but no reduction in mortality. The answer to this problem was to design randomised controlled trials with disease specific mortality as the endpoint.

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) randomised more than 53 400 people in the United States aged 55-74 years who had smoked in the past 15 years and had accumulated a minimum of 30 pack years to three annual screens with low dose computed tomography or chest radiography.1 The trial recruited between 2002 and 2004, and in October 2010 …
More large trials needed to decide best duration of treatment with tamoxifen
Authors: D A Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—I agree with Rea et al that we do not know the optimum duration of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.1 The data that they presented, however, suggest that the trials they advocated—ATLAS (adjuvant tamoxifen longer against shorter) and aTTom (adjuvant tamoxifen treatment offers more?)—may still fail to resolve this issue. The most recent overview, which provides much indirect evidence, suggests that five years is better than two, but it also reports a non-significant trend for the incidence of endometrial cancer to …
Voltage- and time-dependent depression of maximum rate of depolarisation of guinea-pig ventricular action potentials by two new antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and lorcainide
Authors: Terence J Campbell, E Miles Vaughan Williams
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The voltage- and rate-dependence of the depression of the maximum rate of depolarisation (V̇max) by therapeutic concentrations of flecainide and lorcainide were studied in guinea-pig ventricle by standard microelectrode techniques. At normal resting potentials the drugs produced only minor depression of V̇max in the absence of stimulation ("resting block") but trains of stimuli at inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) less than 4800 ms led to an exponential decline in V̇max to a new plateau over 20 to 50 beats. This "rate-dependent block" (RDB) increased with rate over the range ISI – 4800 ms to ISI = 200 ms. The rates of onset of RDB in response to sudden increases in rate were very similar for both drugs and significantly slower than those reported for other anti-arrhythmic drugs. The time constants of recovery from RDB were 15.5±0.5s for flecainide and 13.2±1.3s for lorcainide. Both drugs shifted the steady-state relationship between V̇max and membrane potential in the hyperpolarising direction thus producing enhanced depression of Vmax in depolarised cells. It is concluded that these long recovery times may explain the marked depression of conduction of normal sinus beats seen with these drugs. The selective depression of depolarised cells may be of clinical relevance in ischaemic states.
THE MOVING-WATER BATH
Authors: A. D. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THU BUITE 527 respiratory passages are rendered acid a medium is formed which is inimicable to microbial growth.Note on Inmmunity from Second Atack.Navy.-Of 324 cases in patrol in the July epidemic, 2 had return attacks in the October-November ePidemie.Army.-A company of Royal Garrison Artillery had 25 cases in July.None of these were attaeked in the October-November epidemic.In a battalion: Of 21 cases of the July epidemic traced none were attaoked EI that of Oetober-November.N.E.Worke.-FromJuly 10th to 23rd, 73 males and 59 females were attacked; from October 16th to 29th, 29 males and 61 females.Two males an# four females were attacked in both epidemics.
Sox6 cell-autonomously stimulates erythroid cell survival, proliferation, and terminal maturation and is thereby an important enhancer of definitive erythropoiesis during mouse development
Authors: Bogdan Dumitriu, Michael R. Patrick, Jane P. Petschek, Srujana Cherukuri, Ursula Klingmuller, Paul L. Fox, Véronique Lefebvre
Journal: Blood (2006)
latrogenic Skull Fracture Depression By Use of a Head Clamp
Authors: Michael P. Biber
Journal: JAMA (1976)

SKULL roentgenograms are obtained in most cases of severe head trauma reaching emergency medical facilities. This practice persists despite evidence of the questionable value of these studies in patients not reasonably suspected of having depressed fractures or foreign body penetration of scalp or skull. 1,2   When the head trauma victims are young children or infants unable to cooperate with diagnostic roentgenographic procedures, adequate films often require head fixation. Metal foam-padded head clamps are now commonly used for head immobilization during routine roentgenography as well as radioisotope brain scanning. 3   We report a case in which depression of a fracture edge shown by an anteroposterior roentgenogram was caused by lateral head-compression applied by means of a standard restraining clamp. Because of the central location of this iatrogenic depression, a surgical exploration was done.  Report of a Case  A 6-week-old male infant was admitted to Boston City Hospital on Aug 12, 1974,
"Ebola With Wings"
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vivo thrombin inhibition enhances and sustains arterial recanalization with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: I K Jang, H K Gold, R C Leinbach, J T Fallon, D Collen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The effects of heparin and the synthetic competitive thrombin inhibitor (2R,4R)-4-methyl-1-[N2-(3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-quinolinesulfon yl)-L-arginyl]-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid monohydrate (Argatroban) on thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was studied in groups of six or seven rabbits with arterial thrombosis. The model consisted of a whole-blood clot produced in a 1-cm isolated femoral arterial segment with superimposed endothelial damage and distal high-grade stenosis. rt-PA was injected as an intravenous bolus of 0.45 mg/kg body wt at 15-minute intervals until recanalization, or up to a maximum of four boluses. In seven rabbits given an intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg aspirin, rt-PA induced transient reflow in only one animal. In seven rabbits that received intravenous heparin (200 units/kg over 60 minutes), rt-PA administration produced reflow in five animals, which was persistent in two rabbits. Combined administration of aspirin and heparin in seven rabbits was associated with similar rt-PA-induced recanalization. rt-PA administration in six rabbits given intravenous Argatroban (100 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes) caused recanalization in five, with persistent patency in three. In six rabbits given aspirin and Argatroban, rt-PA caused recanalization in all, with persistent patency in five animals. Reflow occurred significantly more rapidly with Argatroban (14 +/- 7 minutes) than with heparin (35 +/- 11 minutes), reflow was obtained with fewer boluses of rt-PA in combination with Argatroban (median value of one bolus) than with heparin (median value, three boluses), and reocclusion after reflow was less frequent with Argatroban (0 of 11 versus 5 of 10 rabbits). Furthermore, the degree of thrombolysis determined by pathological analysis was significantly more extensive with Argatroban than with heparin, and patency persisted during a 3-hour observation period, despite elimination of Argatroban from the circulation. Thus, Argatroban, relative to heparin, enhances and sustains thrombolysis with rt-PA. It may offer promise as an adjunctive agent for thrombolytic therapy of arterial thrombosis.
Long-Term Anticoagulants for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Boris Rabkin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Happily this report confirms the favorable results of Manchester (<i>Ann Intern Med</i><b>47</b>: 1202, 1957) and of Bjerkelund (<i>Acta Med Scand</i>, suppl 330,1957). Although the Veterans Administration report makes reference to Bjerkelund's work, and to the Medical Research Council's report by its Working Party (<i>Brit Med J</i><b>1</b>:803, 1959), reference to Manchester's contribution is omitted. The omission is noteworthy, especially when the Research Council's report observed that only the Manchester and Bjerkelund studies approached their ideal and were used for comparison with their investigations, which supported Manchester's findings that protection against subsequent infarction lasted several years. All of Manchester's patients were first seen during an episode of acute myocardial infarction. Alternate patients selected at random for control received a placebo of ascorbic acid, and the others received oral anticoagulants plus ascorbic acid. Otherwise, all conditions were identical for both groups, including visits and determinations of prothrombin
All Thumbs Up
Authors: A. S. Barritt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 February 1991All Thumbs UpA. S. Barritt III, MDA. S. Barritt III, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-4-335 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:I enjoyed Dr. LaCombe's article. It struck a particular note because I had just finished interviewing a resident applicant who wondered why I enjoy doing what I do. I specifically mentioned that over the course of my practice, I had become not merely a professional consultant to my patients but also a friend to most of them. I told the applicant that I suspected that this would happen to him in his three years of residency. I tried to indicate, in very few minutes, how much this experience would enrich his learning and practice. It obviously has...Reference1. Blumgart H. Caring for the patient. N Engl J Med. 1964;270:449-56. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. S. BarrittIII, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem, VA 24153 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1991Volume 114, Issue 4Page: 335-335KeywordsResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Candidate vaccines for Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: D J Moss, A Suhrbier, S L Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Owing to our increased understanding of the immune variables that control Epstein-Barr virus infection, detailed planning can now be given to developing a vaccine. 1 2 Commercial and scientific considerations are likely to focus on a vaccine directed towards minimising the clinical consequences of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease) rather than towards malignancies associated with the virus (such as Hodgkin's disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma). Several trials are now under way with candidate vaccines against primary infection.

It might be argued that Epstein-Barr virus has evolved to generate an asymptomatic seroconversion as clinical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis are rare in developing countries, where primary infection typically occurs in the first few years of life. In contrast, in Western communities primary infection is delayed until adolescence in 10-20% of individuals, and after infection about half of these will develop infectious mononucleosis, the symptoms of which include pharyngitis, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy. These observations are important in developing strategies for vaccination against Epstein-Barr virus since they suggest …
Stenting in acute myocardial infarction in patients with chronic renal failure: predictors of in-hospital and long-term outcome
Authors: Milena G. Adamian, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Michael Farkhou, Alexandre Abizaid, Arlene Reyes, Izat Hjazi, Manuela Negoita, Mohamed Mohamed, Christian Cioara, Ramona Pop, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gregg W. Stone, Jeffrey W. Moses, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Diagnosis and Mucosal Resection for Early Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Y. Murata, S. Suzuki, A. Mitsunaga, Y. Iizuka, M. Uchiyama, K. Uchida, S. Nakamura, K. Hayashi, K. Yoshida, F. Toki, H. Ide
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)
p53, Cip1, and Gadd153 expression following treatment of A549 cells with natural and man-made vitreous fibers.
Authors: N F Johnson, R J Jaramillo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

DNA damage induced by chemicals and ionizing radiation is associated with the expression of negative regulators of the cell cycle. The arrest of cells in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle provides time for DNA repair. Asbestos fibers are carcinogenic when inhaled by both humans and animals; however, the mechanism by which the fibers exert their effect is unknown. This work was undertaken to determine whether the expression of DNA damage-inducible genes differs between crocidolite, a fiber positive for lung tumors, and JM 100 glass microfiber, which is negative for lung tumors when inhaled by rats. Temporal and dose-related expressions of p53, Cip1, and Gadd153 proteins were determined in cultured A549 cells treated with either Union Internationale Contre le Cancer crocidolite or JM 100 for 20 hr and cultured in fresh media. Immunolabeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the increased number of protein-expressing cells was determined by subtracting the expression in unexposed cells from exposed cells. Crocidolite induced the expression of all three proteins with a maximum expression after approximately 18 hr in fresh media. At a similar time point, JM 100 did not markedly induce the three proteins. Crocidolite also induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These results show that asbestos behaves like ionizing radiation and genotoxic chemicals by inducing proteins associated with DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest. The clear difference in response between crocidolite and JM 100 may help elucidate the mechanism of action of toxic and nontoxic fibers.
Global eradication of polio by 2000 is not a realistic goal
Authors: J. Howarth
Journal: BMJ (1996)

their condition, to rate how badly they are affected, and, finally, to weight the relative importance of potential improvements in these areas.Although the MYMOP is promoted as a patient centred measure, it imposes three professionally derived dimensions on the patient and fails to take account of the relative importance that he or she attaches to these disparate domains.It is unclear if the patient centredness of the original measure has been compromised.An instrument that is valid must be reliable, but validity is a relative concept.The methods used by researchers in assessing validity are crude, particularly when applied to quality of life measures.The fact that the MYMOP seems to be "fairly" valid does not mean that it is precise enough to detect real differences in an individual over repeated administrations.It may well satisfy the reliability requirements for assessments of individual patients, but this needs to be shown.In summary, we would recommend the following methods to anyone wishing to develop the MYMOP approach: in depth interviews with patients who have completed the instrument to assess qualitatively its face and content validity; a content analysis of the symptoms and activities that patients include in their MYMOP; reliability testing; and correlation of scores obtained with the MYMOP with those obtained with a quality of life measure such as the patient generated index.
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W 135 disease in adults
Authors: R. D. Brandstetter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Five adults had infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135. Their ages ranged from 19 to 74 years, and the spectrum of illness included meningitis, pneumonia, and acute peritonitis. Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and were receiving corticosteroids at the time of their infection. One patient died of fulminant meningococcemia. All isolates were sensitive to sulfonamides. The recent increase in the national incidence of N meningitidis serogroup W135 infections emphasizes the need for continuing surveillance and justifies its inclusion in a polyvalent meningococcal vaccine.