tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alloantigen expression on non-hematopoietic cells reduces graft-versus-leukemia effects in mice
Authors: Shoji Asakura, Daigo Hashimoto, Shuichiro Takashima, Haruko Sugiyama, Yoshinobu Maeda, Koichi Akashi, Mitsune Tanimoto, Takanori Teshima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used effectively to treat a number of hematological malignancies. Its beneficial effects rely on donor-derived T cell–targeted leukemic cells, the so-called graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Induction of GVL is usually associated with concomitant development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allogeneic HSCT. The T cells that mediate GVL and GVHD are activated by alloantigen presented on host antigen-presenting cells of hematopoietic origin, and it is not well understood how alloantigen expression on non-hematopoietic cells affects GVL activity. Here we show, in mouse models of MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen–mismatched bone marrow transplantation, that alloantigen expression on host epithelium drives donor T cells into apoptosis and dysfunction during GVHD, resulting in a loss of GVL activity. During GVHD, programmed death–1 (PD-1) and PD ligand–1 (PD-L1), molecules implicated in inducing T cell exhaustion, were upregulated on activated T cells and the target tissue, respectively, suggesting that the T cell defects driven by host epithelial alloantigen expression might be mediated by the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Consistent with this, blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions partially restored T cell effector functions and improved GVL. These results elucidate a previously unrecognized significance of alloantigen expression on non-hematopoietic cells in GVL and suggest that separation of GVL from GVHD for more effective HSCT may be possible in human patients.
Abstract 1019: Salmonella break tumor immune tolerance by downregulation tumor indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 expression
Authors: YU-DIAO KUAN, Che-Hsin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Over past decades, bacteria have been proven the capability of inhibiting tumor growth. It can specifically target tumor and due to its facultative anaerobe property, can be more penetrative than other drug therapies. However, the molecular mechanism that bacteria inhibit tumor growth is still incompletely known. Here we used Salmonella choleraesuis to investigate the mechanism. The antitumor therapeutic effect mediated by Salmonella is associated with an inflammatory immune response at tumor site and T helper 1-type immune response. Many tumors have been proven high expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO), which is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan to kynurenine thus causing immunotolerance within tumor microenvironment. Our previous studies elucidated that Salmonella can also upregulate connexin 43 (CX43) to inhibit tumor progression and even enhance tumor chemosensitivity. Herein, we demonstrated that Salmonella can inhibit IDO expression through upregulation of CX43 in melanoma cells. Furthermore, we can also find the same phenomena in CX43 knock-down 4T1 and B16F10 cells. In brief, we point out that Salmonella-induced CX43 expression is a modulator of IDO expression and may play a crucial role in anti-tumor therapy, which combined with immunotherapy and Salmonella may be a prospective anti-tumor strategy. Citation Format: YU-DIAO KUAN, Che-Hsin Lee. Salmonella break tumor immune tolerance by downregulation tumor indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1019
PRODUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN MICE AFTER REPEATED INJECTIONS OF DISRUPTED SPLEEN CELLS
Authors: C. Martinez, J. M. Smith, M. Blaese, R. A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

1. Tolerance of male skin isografts has been regularly produced in female mice of the C57B1 strain sublines 1, 4, and 6 during adult life by repeated injection of completely disrupted spleen cells derived from male donors. The tolerant state is long-lasting since such grafts have remained in place more than 9 months. 2. Prolonged survival of homotransplants of skin has regularly been produced in DBA/2 mice during adult life by repeated injections of completely disrupted spleen cells from Balb/C donors. When injections of disrupted spleen cell material are continued over a sufficiently long period, permanent acceptance of the skin homografts may be obtained between these strains. 3. Immunological tolerance across even the strong H-2 histocompatibility barrier was obtained in the neonatal period and during adult life by repeated injection of disrupted spleen cell preparations. The tolerant state has been revealed by both mammary adenocarcinoma and skin homografting across this strong histocompatibility barrier. 4. In contradistinction to the tolerant state produced by injection of intact spleen cells in neonatal animals or during adult life or that produced by parabiotic union, the tolerance produced by repeated injection of disrupted spleen cell preparations cannot be transferred to syngenic neonatal mice with spleen cells of the tolerant animal. 5. The implications of these findings in transplantation biology and in consideration of the basic nature of tolerance are discussed.
The Impact of a Quality Assurance Program on Postgraduate Training in Internal Medicine
Authors: Richard E. Bouchard
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The development of a quality assurance program as part of residency training in internal medicine is described. In addition to ensuring quality, the program allows both the faculty and the resident to assess individual performance more precisely than previously possible. The residents become increasingly thorough and improve problem-solving skills over the three-year program. They are provided the tools to manage quality in their own practice.
Histamine containing endocrine cells in the human stomach.
Authors: H Lonroth, R Hakanson, L Lundell, F Sundler
Journal: Gut (1990)

Histamine and chromogranin A-immunoreactive cells were studied in the mucosa of the human stomach. Cells reacting to both histamine and chromogranin A-antibodies (histamine containing endocrine cells), were demonstrated by double immunostaining and found to be restricted to the oxyntic mucosa. Histamine containing cells that did not stain with chromogranin A-antibodies were numerous throughout the stomach. Of the histamine immunoreactive cells in the oxyntic gland area 22% reacted with antibodies against chromogranin A. Histamine containing endocrine cells constituted 44% of the total number of endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa. These findings suggest that the histamine containing endocrine cells in the human stomach are identical with the so called enterochromaffin like cells.
V. Costs and Returns to the Hospital as a Corporate Entity
Authors: Lloyd B. Wescott
Journal: JAMA (1961)

WITHOUT question, the ruling by the joint commission on accreditation, requiring foreign-trained students to pass the council examination before being given full-house staff responsibilities, has had a profound impact on hospitals throughout the country. Boards of trustees, many for the first time, are coming face-to-face with the "what," the "why," and the "how" of a house officer training program. This particular aspect of hospital care has been one of many that we, as lay trustees, have left to the administrator and the organized staff. We have known little or nothing about the need for these men, what their role was, or how well they were trained. We were assured they were needed, we knew they cost money, and we approved a budget provision for them, but all other decisions concerning them we left to others. What the final solution will be for many hospitals is still uncertain, If the average
Recognizing Unrecognized Risk
Authors: David S. Owens, Jonathan F. Plehn
Journal: Circulation (2007)

he rapid evolution of advanced cardiac imaging technologies has resulted in enhanced detection of subclinical disease with the potential for early implementation of therapeutic strategies and reduction in subsequent morbidity and mortality.Noninvasive assessment of ventricular function can provide evidence of prevalent coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy and could supplant electrocardiography (ECG), the traditional marker of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI), in population screening.An appreciation of past efforts in this field is useful in understanding the potential future trajectories of these technologies.
Inheritance of the human platelet alloantigen, PlA1, in type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Authors: T J Kunicki, D Pidard, J P Cazenave, A T Nurden, J P Caen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The hereditary of the human platelet alloantigen, PlA1, has been studied in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The PlA1 content of platelets from three patients, 20 kindred of these patients, including parents and siblings, and 15 unrelated normal individuals was determined using immunologic techniques based on the release of 51Cr from labeled platelets. The amount of membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa in the platelets of these individuals was determined by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton X-100 soluble proteins using a multispecific rabbit antibody raised against normal platelets. Platelets from the three thrombasthenic patients contained neither detectable GP IIb and GP IIIa nor detectable PlA1 antigen. Platelets from seven kindred with normal amounts of GP IIb and GP IIIa contained PlA1 antigen levels identical to those detected in platelets of normal individuals. Platelets from 13 kindred, including each parent studied, were shown to contain an amount of GP IIb and GP IIIa equivalent to 53% of that amount detected on normal platelets. Platelets from the same individuals expressed amounts of PlA1 antigen that were either 54.0 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- SD) or 28.0 +/- 2.7% of that present on platelets of normal individuals homozygous for the Al allele. The results presented in this report provide evidence that the expression of the thrombasthenic glycoprotein abnormality and the inheritance of PlA1 antigen are controlled by different genes. These results further suggest that lack of expression of the PlA1 antigen on thrombasthenic platelets results from the decrease or absence of the glycoprotein carrier of the PlA1 determinant, previously shown to be GP IIIa.
Phase 3 clinical trial of steroids/mycophenolate mofetil vs steroids/placebo as therapy for acute GVHD: BMT CTN 0802
Authors: Javier Bolaños-Meade, Brent R. Logan, Amin M. Alousi, Joseph H. Antin, Kate Barowski, Shelly L. Carter, Steven C. Goldstein, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Mary M. Horowitz, Stephanie J. Lee, John E. Levine, Margaret L. MacMillan, Paul J. Martin, Adam M. Mendizabal, Ryotaro Nakamura, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Peter Westervelt, Vincent T. Ho
Journal: Blood (2014)
Book: Dark Remedy: The Impact of Thalidomide and its Revival as a Vital Medicine
Authors: M. Schulz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Trent Stephens, Rock Brynner Perseus Publishing, £18.99, pp 228 ISBN 0 7382 0404 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In 1982, when I was a graduate student at the Institute of Pharmacology at the University of Hamburg, I became personally involved with thalidomide (by that time better known in Germany as Contergan) for the first time. Of course, during university training every medical and pharmacy student learned that the so called Contergan disaster was the driving force behind a drug approval process that was concerned with both efficacy and, most importantly, safety. However, what lasts forever is the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
PRASUGREL VERSUS ADJUSTED HIGH-DOSE CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH ON-CLOPIDOGREL PLATELET REACTIVITY: THE PECS-HPR RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Daniel Aradi, Ferenc Nagy, Géza Lupkovics, Tünde Pintér, Balázs Magyari, Attila Kónyi, Imre Ungi, Ivan Horvath, Dobri Hazarbasanov, András Komócsi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
TGF-β signaling–deficient hematopoietic stem cells have normal self-renewal and regenerative ability in vivo despite increased proliferative capacity in vitro
Authors: Jonas Larsson, Ulrika Blank, Hildur Helgadottir, Jon Mar Björnsson, Mats Ehinger, Marie-José Goumans, Xiaolong Fan, Per Levéen, Stefan Karlsson
Journal: Blood (2003)
Recurrent Haemorrhage after Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: T. C. Northfield
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A retrospective survey of 472 consecutive hospital admissions for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding showed that patients with a large initial bleed are more likely to bleed again than those with a small initial bleed. The incidence of recurrent haemorrhage is also related to the interval since the last bleeding episode, so that patients showing no clinical evidence of haemorrhage for 48 hours are unlikely to bleed again in the near future. Patients admitted after a haematemesis have a higher incidence of recurrent haemorrhage than those admitted after melaena only. Aetiology has been confirmed as an additional important factor, the incidence being highest in those with oesophageal varices or a chronic gastric ulcer. Contrary to widespread belief, age does not appear to affect the incidence of recurrent haemorrhage, nor do other constitutional factors such as sex or the ABO blood group.
Coronary Artery Pattern and Outcome of Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Sara K. Pasquali, Vic Hasselblad, Jennifer S. Li, David F. Kong, Stephen P. Sanders
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Prior studies of coronary pattern and outcome after arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) have been hindered by limited statistical power. This meta-analysis assesses the effect of coronary anatomy on post-ASO mortality, both overall and adjusted for time. Methods and Results— A literature search revealed 9 independent series that reported post-ASO mortality by coronary pattern in a total of 1942 patients. Odds ratios comparing all-cause mortality in patients with usual versus variant coronary patterns were calculated and combined by use of an empirical Bayesian model. Single coronary patterns, both of which loop around the great vessels, were associated with significant mortality (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.8), whereas looping patterns that arose from 2 separate ostia were not (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.9). This latter group includes patients with the most common variant, circumflex from right coronary artery. Patients with an intramural coronary artery had the greatest mortality (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.9 to 14.2). Overall, patients with any variant coronary pattern had nearly twice the mortality seen in those with the usual pattern (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.4). Single ostium patterns and intramural coronary arteries remained associated with significant added mortality after adjustment for time-trend effects. Conclusions— Over the past 2 decades, patients with common coronary variants have undergone ASO without added mortality compared with those with the usual coronary pattern. Those with intramural or single coronary arteries have significant added mortality that has persisted over time.
Outcome of chronic hepatitis B in Caucasian children during a 20-year observation period
Authors: Flavia Bortolotti, Paloma Jara, Carlo Crivellaro, Loreto Hierro, Paolo Cadrobbi, Esteban Frauca, Carmen Camarena, Angela De La Vega, Carmen Diaz, Lorena De Moliner, Franco Noventa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Cytogenetic remission in acute transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia.
Authors: O. M. Gibson, M. A. Burgess, L. G. Stanley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Clinical and haematological remissions at the stage of acute transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia are un- common.This communication records a case in which these remissions were accompanied by the rare additional evidence of a cytogenetic remission. CASE REPORTThe patient was a 65-year-old housewife when chronic granulocytic leukaemia was diagnosed in July 1964.During the following three and a half years she attended the outpatient clinic regularly, and was treated with intermittent courses of busulphan 4 mg.daily as determined by the increase in the white cell count.Her first admission to hospital was on 31 January 1968, when she gave a history of rapid deterioration in general health over the preceding two weeks with severe malaise, night sweats, and anorexia.The spleen was palpable 11 cm.below the left costal margin.
Severe Acute Interstitial Lung Disease After Crizotinib Therapy in a Patient With <i>EML4-ALK</i>–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Akihiro Tamiya, Isamu Okamoto, Masaki Miyazaki, Shigeki Shimizu, Masanori Kitaichi, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)
Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Denton A. Cooley
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The first reported successful pulmonary embolectomy during cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in a 37-year-old woman who had massive pulmonary embolism following pelvic surgery. Temporary cardiopulmonary bypass provided 15 minutes of circulatory support while complete removal of bilateral pulmonary emboli was accomplished. Manual forceful compression of the lungs was necessary to remove multiple emboli and branching distal thrombi. Simultaneous ligation of the inferior vena cava was performed to prevent further pulmonary emboli. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 14th day after the operation. The proposal is made that the technique of cardiopulmonary bypass should be simplified and adapted for emergency and resuscitative use.
The use of C3d as a means of monitoring clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: W J Morrow, D J Williams, C Ferec, R Casburn-Budd, D A Isenberg, E Paice, M L Snaith, P Youinou, P Le Goff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Plasma samples from 44 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 43 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were assayed for C3d, a breakdown product of the third component of complement (C3), which was also measured in parallel. Levels of C3d varied in direct proportion with disease activity in RA, whereas C3 showed little change. Although C3d values also increased with worsening clinical condition in SLE, this trend was not considered to be sufficiently clear to be useful and did not provide any advantage over the routinely performed C3 assay.
Response to Loss-of-Function Mutation in Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Identified in Unipolar Major Depression. Neuron 45, 11–16
Authors: Ann Van Den Bogaert, Sonia De Zutter, Lien Heyrman, Julien Mendlewicz, Rolf Adolfsson, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Jurgen Del-Favero
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Dilatation of Benign Esophageal Strictures by Peroral Fiberendoscopic Bougienage
Authors: H. Huchzermeyer, J. Freise, H. Becker
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

A low risk procedure for dilation of esophageal strictures is peroral bougienage under direct endoscopic vision with a flexible fiberscope. First the stricture is inspected using the foreward lens of the fiberscope, and then dilated with conventional bougies according to its nature and size under direct visual control. In this paper we report on the treatment of 16 patients with inoperable advanced benign stenosis. In a total of 86 sittings an average of three bougienages each were performed without complication.
Quality assurance and credentialing in endoscopy: the standard of care for the future?
Authors: A. Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The London OMED position statement on credentialing and quality assurance in digestive endoscopy is published in this issue of Endoscopy [1]. Both of the issues addressed in the statement are important. The increasing number of digestive endoscopy procedures performed and the widening range of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions have implications both for those who provide these services and those responsible for endoscopy training.
The Appearance of Cardiac Metastasis From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung on F-18 FDG PET/CT and Post Hoc PET/MRI
Authors: Stephan Probst, Alexandra Seltzer, Bradley Spieler, Abraham Chachoua, Kent Friedman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

An 88-year-old woman with recently diagnosed squamous cell cancer of the right lung apex underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT for staging, which demonstrated focal intense uptake in the basolateral wall of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart. Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest and abdomen obtained in the days following confirmed the presence of an LV wall mass. The patient then underwent a cardiac contrast-enhanced MRI which again demonstrated an LV mass with delayed enhancement, consistent with squamous cell cancer metastasis. Post hoc PET/MRI fusion was performed, proving that the mass on contrast-enhanced MRI was indeed the etiology of the hypermetabolic signal detected on the PET/CT. This case serves as a reminder that although physiologic cardiac uptake—both focal and diffuse—is common, cardiac metastasis is an important diagnostic consideration in the appropriate clinical context.
A Phase II Study with Cetuximab and Radiation Therapy for Patients with Surgically Resectable Esophageal and GE Junction Carcinomas: Hoosier Oncology Group G05-92
Authors: Carlos R. Becerra, Nasser Hanna, Andrew David McCollum, Naftali Becharm, Robert D. Timmerman, Michael DiMaio, Kenneth A. Kesler, Menggang Yu, Tong Yan, Hak Choy
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Serum and saliva levels of 8-methoxypsoralen after rectal administration as a micro-enema
Authors: L. STOLK, A.H. SIDDIQUI, A. KAMMEYER, R.H. CORMANE, P.A. ZWIETEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Serum and saliva concentrations of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) were determined in seven healthy human volunteers after rectal administration of a micro-enema. High peak serum levels were reached very soon(0.7 + or - 0.3 h) after administration of 8-MOP. Nausea was not experienced. There was a reasonable good linear correlation between 8-MOP concentrations in saliva and serum (r = 0.937). The saliva/serum ratio for 8-MOP concentration was 0.08 +/- 0.02.
THE RADIUM TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE BLADDER
Authors: B. S. BARRINGER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The treatment of tumors of the bladder is still in a state of evolution. Surgery, diathermy and radium have been and still continue to be contestants for honors. The surgical removal necessitates no especial surgical equipment other than that found in every well appointed hospital. The radium treatment of malignant diseases is becoming more and more a problem that can best be dealt with in specially equipped hospitals. Radium itself is expensive and its proper use implies a certain amount of special training.  A comparison between the results with the use of radium and surgery can be made only when some common ground of classification can be reached. The greatest single advance in this direction is the grading by Broders of tumors into various classes of malignancy. I have for some time been so grading bladder tumors and have to date graded sixty-two tumors (reported elsewhere). My earlier cases were