tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S75 High Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Extravascular Lung Water Index and In-Vivo Treg and LL37 Responses Post-Oesophagectomy: Abstract S75 Table 1
Authors: RCA Dancer, D Parekh, AR Martineau, GD Perkins, DR Thickett
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Acute Lung Injury occurs in around 25% of patients post 2 stage oesophagectomy. We have previously shown that levels of 25-OH vitamin D are low in these patients and that those patients with the lowest levels of vitamin D are more likely to develop Acute Lung Injury post-operatively. In vitro, vitamin D has been shown to promote the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg) and the expression of LL37 (cathelicidin), an antimicrobial peptide. We have given 13 patients a one-off high dose vitamin D supplement 3–14 days prior to oesophagectomy. Numbers of circulating regulatory T cells were analysed both pre- and post-supplementation. Plasma levels of LL37 were measured by ELISA. Extravascular Lung Water Index (EVLWi) was measured pre-operatively, post-operatively and on the day following surgery. Changes in LL37 and EVLWi were compared with results from a cohort of patients (n=50) who had not been supplemented. Pre-operative vitamin D levels between the two groups were significantly different. The proportion of CD3+CD4+ T cells which were CD25+CD127loFoxP3+ increased post vitamin D supplementation (median pre vitamin D=5.8, median post vitamin D=7.3, p=0.028). Whilst levels of LL37 decreased post-operatively in the cohort who had not received vitamin D, levels were maintained in supplemented patients. Post-operative EVLWi measured lower than pre-operative values in patients receiving vitamin D supplementation. This contrasts with patients who did not receive vitamin D supplementation in whom an increase in EVLWi was seen. This difference persists on post-operative day 1, with a net increase being seen in patients who did not receive vitamin D and a net decrease in those who did (see table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A stat high dose vitamin D supplement restored vitamin D levels in the week before oesophagectomy. This was associated with elevated circulating Treg levels in vivo and an increase in post-operative plasma LL37 expression suggesting the vitamin D supplementation was biologically active. <h3>Patients</h3> receiving vitamin D had no perioperative increase in extravascular lung water compared to our historical cohort suggesting that vitamin D protects against alveolar epithelial damage perhaps in part due to effects on circulating Treg cells and anti-microbial peptide production.
State of the art lecture: Lithiasis and pancreatitis
Authors: B. Napoléon, C. Lefort, R. Gincoul
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP) has long been used as the best diagnostic method for common bile duct stones (CBDS). Moreover, it was possible to combine stone removal with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) during the same endoscopic session. Nevertheless it remains an invasive method, associated with complications in 5 % of patients, and with a mortality rate of 0.1-0.2 % [1] [2] for ERCP, reaching 2.2 % for ES [3] [4] [5]. As transabdominal ultrasound (US) or computed tomography are not particularly sensitive for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis [6] [7] an accurate diagnostic minimally invasive tool was awaited, to replace ERCP and to reserve ES for patients with CBDS.
Mechanism of hind limb vasoconstriction due to cyclosporin A in the dog.
Authors: F Tronc, M Carrier, C L Pelletier
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Cyclosporin A (CSA) causes an acute vasoconstriction of hind limb arterial vessels. To determine the mechanism of action of CSA on the peripheral arterial bed, studies were performed on the isolated femoral artery perfused at constant flow in 61 dogs. Changes in femoral perfusion pressure reflected variations in vascular resistance. Pure powder CSA was dissolved in autologous blood and injected at doses of 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg. Infusions of 1 and 5 mg CSA caused nonsignificant mean increases of 4 +/- 2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0-8; p &gt; 0.05) and 10 +/- 4 mm Hg (95% CI, 0-21; p &gt; 0.05) in femoral perfusion pressure, with CSA blood levels in the femoral vein averaging 40 +/- 16 and 126 +/- 50 nmol/l, respectively, at the end of the injections. Infusions of 10 and 20 mg CSA caused significant increases in femoral perfusion pressure averaging of 8 +/- 3 mm Hg (95% CI, 1-14; p &lt; 0.05) and 20 +/- 4 mm Hg (95% CI, 11-29; p &lt; 0.05) in femoral perfusion pressure. CSA blood levels at the end of injections averaged 271 +/- 99 and 431 +/- 146 nmol/l, respectively, in the femoral vein. Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors with phentolamine and surgical lumbar sympathectomy decreased significantly the CSA vasoconstrictive effect in peripheral arterial vessels, with increases in perfusion pressure averaging 29 +/- 5 mm Hg before and 14 +/- 3 mm Hg after phentolamine (p &lt; 0.05) and 30 +/- 2 mm Hg before and 8 +/- 2 mm Hg after sympathectomy (p &lt; 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dipeptide Absorption in Cystinuria
Authors: M. D. Hellier, D. Perrett, C. D. Holdsworth
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Absorption of a dipeptide and its constituent amino-acids has been studied by a perfusion technique in a patient with cystinuria and in a normal subject. Though the cystinuric patient was unable to absorb the dibasic amino-acid lysine in its free form, the dipeptide glycyl-L-lysine was well absorbed. Both free lysine and glycyl-L-lysine were well absorbed in the normal subject.This finding suggests that the reason that clinical malnutrition does not occur in cystinuria, despite defective intestinal absorption and heavy renal loss of dibasic amino-acids and cystine, is that these amino-acids can be absorbed in the form of oligopeptides.
Tissue-specific expression of the gene coding for human Clara cell 10-kD protein, a phospholipase A2-inhibitory protein.
Authors: A Peri, E Cordella-Miele, L Miele, A B Mukherjee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Clara cell 10-kD protein (cc10kD), a secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitor, is suggested to be the human counterpart of rabbit uteroglobin (UG). Because cc10kD is expressed constitutively at a very high level in the human respiratory epithelium, the 5' region of its gene may be useful in achieving organ-specific expression of recombinant DNA in gene therapy of diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, it is important to establish the tissue-specific expression of this gene before designing gene transfer experiments. Since the UG gene in the rabbit is expressed in many other organs besides the lung and the endometrium, we investigated the organ and tissue specificity of human cc10kD gene expression using polymerase chain reaction, nucleotide sequence analysis, immunofluorescence, and Northern blotting. Our results indicate that, in addition to the lung, cc10kD is expressed in several nonrespiratory organs, with a distribution pattern very similar, if not identical, to that of UG in the rabbit. These results underscore the necessity for more detailed analyses of the 5' region of the human cc10kD gene before its usefulness in gene therapy could be fully assessed. These data also suggest that cc10kD and UG may have similar physiological function(s).
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LAG BEHIND IMPROVEMENT IN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Philip Green, Abigail Woglom, Mathew Maurer, Susan Schnell, Philippe Genereux, Marian Hawkey, Mathew Williams, Ajay Kirtane, Craig Smith, Jeffrey Moses, Martin Leon, Susheel Kodali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
P2-16-14: Skin Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Latissimus Dorsi Flap Reconstruction: Patient Reported Outcome and Factors Affecting the Highest Patient Satisfaction.
Authors: Z Kim, S-G Kang, J Lee, SY Kim, CW Lim, MH Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Skin sparing mastectomy (SSM) and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a tailored surgical procedure for breast cancer patients. In this study the oncologic safety, morbidities, and aesthetic results of SSM and LD IBR, as regards to patient satisfaction, were assessed. Material and Methods: Between March 2000 and February 2011, single surgeon performed SSM and IBR for 145 patients. Eighty-five patients completed the patient satisfaction survey, and 65 patients with SSM and LD IBR were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their degree of satisfaction, and a stratified analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years (range, 21–74), and the pathologic results were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (n=48, 73.8%), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=15, 23.1%), and others (n=2, 3.1%). After a mean follow-up of 34 months (range, 1.6−89.9) no local recurrence occurred, and there were no skin necrosis or LD flap loss. Donor site morbidities were seroma (n=8, 12.3%), scarring (n=8, 12.3%), and back pain (n=6, 9.2%). Fifty patients (76.9%) were satisfied with their surgical outcomes, and 40% reported their degree of satisfaction as excellent. Breast symmetry (P&amp;lt;0.001), nipple cosmesis (P&amp;lt;0.001), surgeon assessment (P&amp;lt;0.001), observer assessment (P&amp;lt;0.001), and visual difference of bilateral breasts (P=0.021) were factors that affected the highest patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that our SSM and LD IBR was oncologically safe, and was associated with low morbidity rates. LD flap per se, without a prosthetic implant, could sufficiently produce a high level of patient satisfaction. Accurate surgical techniuqes and careful consideration for breast symmetry and nipple cosmesis would be the key to meet the patient's expectations and enhanced quality of life. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-14.
Every consultation has an ethical component.
Authors: P A Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Analyzing the scenario of a large, poor family's request to be added to the patient list of three British National Health Service physicians, Bradley demonstrates how even routine practice decisions can have ethical components. One partner labels the family as potentially heavy users of medical care and recommends that it be referred elsewhere. The second doctor suggests adding the family to their list on a trial basis, while the third thinks it should be accepted without reservations. They use concepts of duty, justice, utilitarianism, rights, nonmaleficence, and professional ideals in arguing their positions. Ultimately, Bradley concludes, the question is one of physician versus patient autonomy.
A New Syndrome: Ascites, Hyperbilirubinemia, and Hypoalbuminemia after Biochemical Modulation of Fluorouracil with <i>N</i>-Phosphonacetyl-<scp>L</scp>-Aspartate (PALA)
Authors: Nancy Kemeny, Karen Seiter, Daniel Martin, Carlos Urmacher, Donna Niedzwiecki, Robert C. Kurtz, Patricia Costa, Margaret Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To report a new syndrome of ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoalbuminemia after treatment with N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) and fluorouracil for metastatic colorectal cancer. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: Regional cancer treatment center. Patients: Forty-four previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in a phase I-II trial of PALA-fluorouracil. Measurements and Main Results: One or more transient hepatic abnormalities frequently occurred in 15 of the 17 responding patients. Within the first 10 weeks of treatment, 5 patients developed ascites, 12 had a decrease in the serum albumin level, 6 developed bilirubin elevations, and 7 had transaminase elevations, all in the presence of a complete or partial tumor response. Prolongations of the prothrombin time and elevations of serum glucose levels were also seen. Conclusions: An unusual syndrome of ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoalbuminemia is associated with a PALA-fluorouracil regimen. These abnormalities, which may be related to decreased hepatic protein synthesis, occurred more often in patients whose tumor was responding to chemotherapy. Clinicians must recognize that in patients undergoing chemotherapy with these agents, ascites and elevated liver function tests may be secondary to drug administration and are not necessarily due to disease progression.
The Cerebral Neurobiology of Anxiety, Anxiety Displacement, and Anxiety Denial
Authors: Louis A. Gottschalk, Janny Fronczek, Lennart Abel, Monte S. Buchsbaum, James H. Fallon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Previous studies examining the relationship of anxiety scores, derived from the content analysis of speech of normal individuals, have revealed that the anxiety scores occurring in the dreams associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are significantly correlated with localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. These significant intercorrelations occur in different cerebral areas when the anxiety scores are obtained from mental experiences reported during non-REM sleep or during wakeful silent mentation. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The purpose of the present study was to examine the intercorrelations found between anxiety attributed to the self, anxiety-displacement, and anxiety denial measured from computerized content analysis of 5-min verbal reports of subjective thoughts and feelings obtained from wakeful normal subjects and localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates during PET scanning. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The subjects were 10 wakeful young males. Their anxiety scores were derived from computerized content analysis of 5-min reports they gave of their subjective thoughts, feelings and fantasies during a 30-min period following an intravenous injection of F D-deoxyglucose (FDG). The subjects were moved 32–45 min after this injection to obtain a PET scan, which records all of the localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates during the 30 min following the FDG injection. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Significant intercorrelations of localized cerebral glucose metabolic rates with the scores of self-anxiety, anxiety displacement, and anxiety-denial were found in dissimilar cerebral locations depending on the type of anxiety involved. The significant correlations occurred in brain regions known to be associated with the functions of emotions, cognition, memory, and vision. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Specific combinations of cerebral areas, based on glucose metabolic rates, appear to distinguish and be associated with different verbal expressions of anxiety. Replication of this preliminary research will be carried out.
Urochrome; the Colouring Matter of Urine
Authors: J. L. W. Thudichum
Journal: BMJ (1864)

Colouring matter is the most obvious of all ingredients of the urine.It has not to be discovered like urea or creatinine, but it strikes the eye at the first * Extract from the Report of Couincil, presented to the anlnual meeting of the British Medical Association, held at Cambridge on August 3rd, 18614.
Reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic transplantation is associated with a high incidence of extramedullary relapses in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: J A Pérez-Simón, A Sureda, F Fernández-Aviles, A Sampol, J R Cabrera, D Caballero, R Martino, J Petit, J F Tomás, J M Moraleda, A Alegre, C Cañizo, S Brunet, L Rosiñol, J Lahuerta, J L Díez-Martín, A León, A García, L Vazquez, J Sierra, J F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Abstract 3703: Chemopreventive efficacy of vandetanib, a multikinase inhibitor, in a primary respiratory tract epithelial cell transformation assay
Authors: Sheela Sharma, Minxu Zou, Jin Lee, Vernon E. Steele
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Targeted therapies by means of compounds that inhibit multiple target molecules represent a new perspective in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Vandetanib (Zactima™) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) receptor tyrosine kinase that also demonstrates activity against EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and RET (rearranged during transfection) tyrosine kinases. As there are indications of Vandetanib being effective in advanced NSLC patients for disease free survival, we have tested Vandetanib for efficacy in a primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cell transformation model, which was originally developed for identifying potential chemopreventive agents belonging to different chemical classes/biological activity. RTE cells were treated with B[a]P alone or with five nontoxic concentrations of Vandetanib and the resulting foci at the end of 30 days were scored for inhibition of transformation. In addition, the effect on mechanistic biomarkers at different stages of RTE cell transformation was tested. The results indicated that Vandetanib at half-log concentrations ranging from 0.003 – 0.3 μM, elicited an excellent dose-related inhibition of transformation (75-93%) compared to B[a]P group. There was also a 2-fold induction of apoptosis at 0.3 μM, and it inhibited survivin, a late stage biomarker, at all concentrations by 18-28%. Remarkably, a significant dose-dependent inhibition (39- 93%) of phosphorylated tyrosine kinase activity was also observed in Vandetanib-treated groups compared to B[a]P group. In conclusion, the data shows that there is a very good correlation between the inhibition of B[a]P-induced transformation and corresponding inhibition of activated tyrosine kinase and other biomarkers. Based on this data, animal studies are planned to develop this drug for lung cancer prevention by administering it directly to the lungs (Supported by NCI #N01-CN-43301). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3703
Pain Threshold Analysis in Patients with Osteoarthrosis of Hip
Authors: S. L. O'Driscoll, M. I. V. Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The pain threshold was measured in patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip. The pain threshold was significantly lower in patients who required surgery than in controls. After successful surgery the threshold rose to normal levels. In patients with few or no symptoms from their osteoarthritic hips the pain threshold was high. Insensitivity to pain does not predispose towards osteoarthrosis of the hip. Indeed, the severity of symptoms can be directly related to an increased sensitivity to pain in osteoarthritic subjects.
Cell cycle–related kinase links androgen receptor and β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: Why are men at a loss?
Authors: Prince K. Awuah, Satdarshan P. Monga, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It is more prevalent in men than in women. Related to this, recent genetic studies have revealed a causal role for androgen receptor (AR) in hepatocarcinogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used genome-wide location and functional analyses to identify a critical mediator of AR signaling—cell cycle–related kinase (CCRK)—that drives hepatocarcinogenesis via a signaling pathway dependent on β-catenin and T cell factor (TCF). Ligand-bound AR activated CCRK transcription and protein expression via direct binding to the androgen-responsive element of the CCRK promoter in human HCC cell lines. In vitro analyses showed that CCRK was critical in human cell lines for AR-induced cell cycle progression, hepatocellular proliferation, and malignant transformation. Ectopic expression of CCRK in immortalized human liver cells activated β-catenin/TCF signaling to stimulate cell cycle progression and to induce tumor formation, as shown in both xenograft and orthotopic models. Conversely, knockdown of CCRK decreased HCC cell growth, and this could be rescued by constitutively active β-catenin or TCF. In primary human HCC tissue samples, AR, CCRK, and β-catenin were concordantly overexpressed in the tumor cells. Furthermore, CCRK overexpression correlated with the tumor staging and poor overall survival of patients. Our results reveal a direct AR transcriptional target, CCRK, that promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through the upregulation of β-catenin/TCF signaling.
Report Assesses Effects of Early Nutrition Options on Atopic Diseases
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism, cholesterol subfractions and myocardial infarction in large samples of the general population
Authors: S Holmer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Genetic variants of the lipoprotein lipase gene have been associated with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease. However, data have been inconsistent and are mainly based on selected predominantly male patient groups. Methods: We evaluated the influence of the HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism on lipid levels in the general population (1361 participants of a large population-based survey from Augsburg, Germany; 50% women) as well as the association of this polymorphism with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI; genotype frequencies in 1159 patients with documented MI under 60 years of age). Results: In the population-based survey, a highly significant association between the frequent H2H2 genotype and unfavorable cholesterol subfraction levels was observed in men and in postmenopausal women whereas no significant association was observed in premenopausal women (uni- and multivariate analysis). Such unfavorable lipid levels in homozygotes for the H2 allele may be expected to be associated with a 19–25% increased risk to suffer from myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, genotype and allele frequencies in the general population were not different from those in patients with previous MI (H2H2 genotype frequency 51.3% vs. 53.2%, respectively; P=0.63). Conclusion: This large study shows that the H2H2 genotype of the lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphism is associated with unfavorable lipid levels. Estrogen status may modulate this association in women. The effects of the genotype on lipid levels were apparently not strong enough to reveal a significant association with MI.