tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time course of changes in ventricular fibrillation threshold in myocardial infarction: characteristics of acute and slow occlusion with respect to the collateral vessels of the heart
Authors: W. MEESMANN, H. GULKER, B. KRAMER, K. STEPHAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The time course of the changes in ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was determined in 28 dogs by means of electrical stimulation, triggered from the R wave, with DC square wave pulse series (of 140 ms duration) inserted into the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. After acute coronary occlusion there was a sudden decrease in the VFT followed by a slow increase such that 30 min after the ligation pre-occlusion values of VFT were reached. The magnitude of the decrease in VFT depended upon the collateral blood supply. There were no other changes in VFT during the remaining course of the experiment. Following slow coronary occlusion the first arrhythmic phase was not detectable. Any decreases in VFT that occurred were smaller and of shorter duration than those occurring after acute occlusion and were independent of the extent of the collateral blood supply.
Arsenic Reduction in Drinking Water and Improvement in Skin Lesions: A Follow-Up Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Wei Jie Seow, Wen-Chi Pan, Molly L. Kile, Andrea A. Baccarelli, Quazi Quamruzzaman, Mahmuder Rahman, Golam Mahiuddin, Golam Mostofa, Xihong Lin, David C. Christiani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with skin lesions. However, it is not known whether reducing arsenic exposure will improve skin lesions.We evaluated the association between reduced arsenic exposures and skin lesion recovery over time.A follow-up study of 550 individuals was conducted in 2009-2011 on a baseline population of skin lesion cases (n = 900) previously enrolled in Bangladesh in 2001-2003. Arsenic in drinking water and toenails, and skin lesion status and severity were ascertained at baseline and follow-up. We used logistic regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to evaluate the association between log10-transformed arsenic exposure and skin lesion persistence and severity.During the study period, water arsenic concentrations decreased in this population by 41% overall, and 65 individuals who had skin lesions at baseline had no identifiable lesions at follow-up. In the adjusted models, every log10 decrease in water arsenic and toenail arsenic was associated with 22% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.78] and 4.5 times (OR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.94, 11.1) relative increase in skin lesion recovery, respectively. In addition, lower baseline arsenic levels were significantly associated with increased odds of recovery. A log10 decrease in toenail arsenic from baseline to follow-up was also significantly associated with reduced skin lesion severity in cases over time (mean score change of -5.22 units; 95% CI: -8.61, -1.82).Reducing arsenic exposure increased the odds that an individual with skin lesions would recover or show less severe lesions within 10 years. Reducing arsenic exposure must remain a public health priority in Bangladesh and in other regions affected by arsenic-contaminated water.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IS A RISK FACTOR FOR INCIDENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Elsayed Z. Soliman, Monika Safford, Paul Muntner, Yulia Khodneva, Suzanne Judd, Farah Dawood, Evan Thacker, Neil A. Zakai, Virginia Howard, George Howard, David Herrington, Mary Cushman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Policy Board Recommends Raising Prices to Cut Tobacco Use
Authors: Maggie Reh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Ph.D., from the Rotterdam Cancer Institute in the Netherlands, compared breast disease in women in high risk families who are BRCAI carriers to breast disease in sporadic breast cancer patients and found three major differences.Seynaeve found that mutation carriers are more likely to have a younger age of onset (35 versus 40 years, median age), to develop cancer in the other breast (4.0% versus 0.5%), and are more likely to have tumors that are estrogenand progesterone-receptor negative (64% versus 35% for estrogen receptor status and 70% versus 34% for progesterone status).All other features of the patients and tumors were not significantly different: menopausal status, tumor stage, histology, and overall survival.Looking at breast disease in BRCA2 mutation carriers in an ethnically diverse population of high-risk families, 0.
Once-daily tiotropium respimat add-on to at least ICS maintenance therapy reduces exacerbation risk in patients with uncontrolled symptomatic asthma
Authors: David Halpin, Eric Bateman, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Eugene Bleecker, Michael Engel, Petra Moroni-Zentgraf, Hendrik Schmidt, Huib Kerstjens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background:  A reduction in asthma exacerbation risk may provide improvements in clinical burden, patient experience and healthcare costs. In Phase III trials, once-daily tiotropium Respimat (tioR) add-on to at least ICS improved lung function in symptomatic asthma patients. We investigated exacerbation risk in each trial.   Methods:  Five Phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials in patients with symptomatic asthma. Patients received tioR 5 µg or placebo Respimat (pboR) as add-on to at least ICS maintenance therapy (Table). Pre-planned co-primary or secondary end points: time to first severe exacerbation; time to any asthma worsening.   Results:  Mean baseline % of predicted FEV 1 , ACQ-7 score and ICS dose (µg) were: 56.0±13.1, 2.6±0.7, 1198±539 (PrimoTinA); 75.1±11.5, 2.2±0.5, 660±213 (MezzoTinA); 77.7±11.9, 2.1±0.4, 381±78 (GraziaTinA). TioR 5 µg reduced severe asthma exacerbation risk by at least 21% in all three severity cohorts (Table) and asthma worsening risk vs pboR in all trials, with a statistically significant reduction in PrimoTinA.   Conclusion:  Once-daily tiotropium Respimat 5 µg add-on to at least ICS maintenance therapy consistently reduced exacerbations across asthma severities and so may be a beneficial add-on option to reduce current and future exacerbation risk.
Aortic Root Dilatation in Patients With Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection
Authors: Christophe Tzourio, Ariel Cohen, Nathalie Lamisse, Valérie Biousse, Marie-Germaine Bousser
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Spontaneous cervical artery dissections are a relatively common cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Their mechanism is unknown, though it is generally assumed that an underlying minor form of extracellular matrix defect could exist. The present study tested the hypothesis that aortic and cardiac morphological abnormalities usually seen in patients with heritable connective diseases are more frequent in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissections than in patients without such dissections.We performed a case-control study of 28 case patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection and 84 control subjects with an ischemic stroke not due to cervical artery dissection. Control subjects were matched to case patients for age (+/-5 years), sex, and year of hospitalization. The aortic root was more frequently enlarged (ie, diameter > 34 mm) in case patients (56%) than in control subjects (15%). Mitral valve prolapse, mitral valve dystrophy, and aortic valve dystrophy were more frequent in case patients than in control subjects. In multivariate analyses, aortic diameter > 34 mm was the only variable associated with an increased risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (odds ratio, 14.2; 95% CI, 3.2 to 63.6; P < .001).These results suggest that aortic root diameter enlargement is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection. This finding is consistent with the idea that a generalized defect of the extracellular matrix is present in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection.
Lung protective mechanical ventilation and two year survival in patients with acute lung injury: prospective cohort study
Authors: D. M. Needham, E. Colantuoni, P. A. Mendez-Tellez, V. D. Dinglas, J. E. Sevransky, C. R. Dennison Himmelfarb, S. V. Desai, C. Shanholtz, R. G. Brower, P. J. Pronovost
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To evaluate the association of volume limited and pressure limited (lung protective) mechanical ventilation with two year survival in patients with acute lung injury.Prospective cohort study.13 intensive care units at four hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.485 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury.Two year survival after onset of acute lung injury.485 patients contributed data for 6240 eligible ventilator settings, as measured twice daily (median of eight eligible ventilator settings per patient; 41% of which adhered to lung protective ventilation). Of these patients, 311 (64%) died within two years. After adjusting for the total duration of ventilation and other relevant covariates, each additional ventilator setting adherent to lung protective ventilation was associated with a 3% decrease in the risk of mortality over two years (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 0.99, P=0.002). Compared with no adherence, the estimated absolute risk reduction in two year mortality for a prototypical patient with 50% adherence to lung protective ventilation was 4.0% (0.8% to 7.2%, P=0.012) and with 100% adherence was 7.8% (1.6% to 14.0%, P=0.011).Lung protective mechanical ventilation was associated with a substantial long term survival benefit for patients with acute lung injury. Greater use of lung protective ventilation in routine clinical practice could reduce long term mortality in patients with acute lung injury.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00300248.
Continuous Oxygen Therapy in Chronic Airway Obstruction
Authors: THOMAS L. PETTY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Continuous ambulatory oxygen, in sufficient flow to correct hypoxemia, was given to 20 patients with severe chronic airway obstruction. Survival ranged from 7 to 61 months, with 14 patients dying after an average of 26.7 months on oxygen. Postmortem examination in 12 of these showed exudative or proliferative tissue change consistent with oxygen toxicity in 6 and no such changes in 6. Survival was not shortened in those with histologic changes attributable to oxygen. Five patients have lived an average of 42.4 months with continued excellent clinical benefit. The clinical value of oxygen outweighs the possibility of oxygen toxicity.
Vision and cognition: How do they connect?
Authors: Zenon Pylyshyn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The target article claimed that although visual apprehension involves all of general cognition, a significant component of vision (referred to as early vision ) works independently of cognition and yet is able to provide a surprisingly high level interpretation of visual inputs, roughly up to identifying general shape-classes. The commentators were largely sympathetic, but frequently disagreed on how to draw the boundary, on exactly what early vision delivers, on the role that attention plays, and on how to interpret the neurophysiological data showing top-down effects. A significant number simply asserted that they were not willing to accept any distinction between vision and cognition, and a surprising number even felt that we could never tell for sure, so why bother? Among the topics covered was the relation of cognition and consciousness, the relation of early vision to other modules such as face recognition and language, and the role of natural constraints.
INTERPAPILLARY MUSCLE DISTANCE INDEPENDENTLY AFFECTS SEVERITY OF FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Kitae Kim, Shuichiro Kaji, Yoshimori An, Tomohiro Nishino, Takeshi Kitai, Atsushi Kobori, Natsuhiko Ehara, Makoto Kinoshita, Tomoko Tani, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Routine Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Larry Culpepper
Journal: JAMA (1997)

EVIDENCE THAT routine antimicrobial treatment improves the course and outcomes after acute otitis media is weak. Given the lack of evidence for benefit and the potential for adverse effects, including altering normal respiratory flora and development of resistant organisms, routine treatment using 10 days of antimicrobials for all cases of acute otitis media is not warranted. See also p 1640. There have been 7 randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials of acute otitis media over the past 30 years. Neither short- nor long-term differences were demonstrated in 3,<sup>1-3</sup>and minor differences noted in the other 4 studies were limited to short-term benefits of antimicrobials.<sup>4-7</sup>In a study by Howie and Ploussard,<sup>4</sup>all case patients receiving placebo were asymptomatic at early follow-up (2 to 7 days) but had more positive tympanocentesis cultures than those receiving antimicrobials. Mygind et al<sup>5</sup>found decreased pain in the penicillin group compared with the
A METHOD OF MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION BY MEANS OF LATERAL ILLUMINATION.
Authors: D. J. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> Last year two German physicists, Siedentopf and Zsigmondy, published an article<sup>1</sup>in which they described an apparatus for the observation of ultramicroscopic particles. The object which they selected for examination consisted of a piece of glass through which was diffused uniformly particles of metallic gold in a very fine state of division. By means of a powerful light— either the sun or an electric arc—passed through a complicated system of condensers, a very small but exceedingly intense focus of illumination was obtained. The piece of glass containing the gold was placed in this focus so that the light entered the glass from the side. It was then observed with an ordinary microscope from above. By this arrangement none of the light entered the microscope directly. To the naked eye, or with the ordinary microscope, the glass appeared perfectly homogeneous. But by this special illumination the individual particles of
Conclusions of the Committee on Human Health Consequences of Lead Exposure from Automobile Emissions
Authors: Hans L. Falk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

In 1975, Dr. David P. Rall, Chairman of the DHEW Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs asked that a committee of departmental experts be formed to examineand report on human health consequences of lead exposure from automobile emissions. The committee submitted its report in July 1976, and the report was circulated to experts and organizations in and outside Government for comment. The following pages contain a summary of the conclusions of the Committee. This is followed by a series of papers prepared by members of the committee and modified, where necessary, by comments received from reviewers. The Committee desires to record its thanks to the individual reviewers who devoted much time and thought to the consideration of the documents. Their work has added considerably to its value. In accordance with its mandate, the Committee focused its attention on the specific subject of the health consequences resulting from lead exposure, and the contribution of automobile emissions to such exposure. It did not therefore address itself to a consideration of the economic or other consequences resulting from a phase-out of lead in gasoline, and apart from making general comments on the chemical emissions from alternative antiknock compounds, it felt that there was not enough information available to evaluate the health consequences of these replacements for lead.
Book Review The Pigmentary System: Physiology and pathophysiology Edited by James J. Nordlund, Raymond E. Boissy, Vincent J. Hearing, Richard A. King, and Jean-Paul Ortonne. 1025 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 1998. $225. 0-19-509861-7
Authors: Ethan A. Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)
Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency exacerbates cholestatic liver injury in mice
Authors: Hongtao Wang, Yan Zhang, Robert O. Heuckeroth
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Recent studies demonstrating a role for plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 in cholestatic liver disease in mice suggested that tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) might be important after biliary tract obstruction. We now demonstrate that blocking tPA exacerbates liver injury after bile duct ligation (BDL). tPA deficient mice have increased bile infarcts, increased TUNEL positive cells, increased neutrophil infiltration, reduced hepatocyte proliferation and reduced ductular reaction 72 hours after BDL compared to wild type mice. In addition, the protective and proliferative effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) deficiency after BDL are dramatically blocked by the tPA inhibitor tPA-STOP. One potential mechanism for these effects is that both tPA deficiency and tPA-STOP reduce hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation and c-Met phosphorylation in the liver after BDL. In support of this hypothesis, HGF treatment reverses the effects of tPA deficiency in mice. Furthermore, preferential tPA activation in areas of injury after BDL might occur because fibrin accumulates in bile infarcts and activates tPA. Conclusion: tPA inactivation accelerates liver injury after BDL and reduces HGF activation. These data suggest that strategies to increase HGF activation might be protective in liver diseases with biliary tract obstruction even without increased HGF production. (Hepatology 2007;45:1527–1537.)
Amniocentesis for the 35s and over.
Authors: A D Bain, S M Bowser-Riley, I I Smith, J B Scrimgeour
Journal: BMJ (1978)

could be evaluated as even better.As the possibility for iatrogenic damage after intra- articular cortisone injections has been reported2-'i to be higher than was observed after intra-articular or especially intra- muscular glycosaminoglycan polysulphate therapy it seems justified to suggest this treatment in cases of painful knee joints after sports trauma and strenuous exercise.
Global Noncommunicable Diseases — Where Worlds Meet
Authors: K.M. Venkat Narayan, Mohammed K. Ali, Jeffrey P. Koplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Like climate change, the relentless worldwide spread of noncommunicable diseases offers an opportunity for low-, middle-, and high-income countries to join forces in addressing a major global challenge that threatens health and economies alike. A recent report from the World Health Organization1 identified six risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases as the leading global risk factors for death: high blood pressure, tobacco use, high blood glucose levels, physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and high cholesterol levels. Together, these factors contribute to a large proportion of the deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases, metabolic causes, and cancer (see table). Moreover, they pervade . . .
VARYING TYPE OF GENERAL PARESIS.
Authors: C. H. HUGHES
Journal: JAMA (1899)

mortality of ordinary diseases has been even greater than in America, and that the thoroughness of the German census renders the use of the population factor less delusive than in America.In German cities of over fifteen thousand inhabitants, it is alleged that during the period from 1877 to 1889 typhoid fever deaths fell off from 29 to 10 per 100,000 population.Gottstein says that in the same cities and the same period, deaths from diphtheria diminished from 100 to 44 per 100,000.Verekoundow says that in St. Petersburg the mortality of typhoid fever per 10,000 population was 7 in the period from 1886 to 1889, and fell to 4 per 10,000 population in the period from 1890 to 1894.He does not state whether there was any imperfection in the census work.In Vienna it is well known that the change from the use of the Danube River water to high mountain water almost abolished typhoid fever in that city.
Cross antigenic and allergenic properties of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae and the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Authors: L.G. Arlian, D.P. Geis, D.L. Vyszenski-Moher, I.L. Bernstein, J.S. Gallagher
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1984)
pH-stabilization of predegraded PDLLA by an admixture of water-soluble sodiumhydrogenphosphate—results of an in vitro- and in vivo-study
Authors: Wolfgang Heidemann, Stephanie Jeschkeit-Schubbert, Kurt Ruffieux, Jürgen Hartmut Fischer, Hedda Jung, Gerhard Krueger, Erich Wintermantel, Klaus Louis Gerlach
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Platelet Defect of Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: R. Clancy, E. Jenkins, B. Firkin
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Platelet function has been studied in 16 patients with uncomplicated infectious mononucleosis. Some abnormality of platelet aggregation and/or release of platelet factor III or platelet factor IV was found in all patients. Six patients with platelet defects were retested after three to four months and were found to have normal platelet function and appreciably higher platelet counts. Abnormal platelet function may reflect a platelet defect which predisposes to premature platelet destruction. Recent viral illness should be excluded before attributing abnormal platelet function to other factors or to a congenital disorder.
Imaging of dialysis-related amyloid (AB-amyloid) deposits with 131I-β2-microglobulin
Authors: Jürgen Floege, Wolfgang Burchert, Almuth Brandis, Peter Gielow, Barbara Nonnast-Daniel, Ernst Spindler, Heinz Hundeshagen, Stanley Shaldon, Karl-Martin Koch
Journal: Kidney International (1990)
A NEW SAW ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CRANIAL SURGERY.
Authors: H. C. MASLAND
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It is a matter of common knowledge that the present instruments for opening the skull in cranial surgery are crude and unsatisfactory from many points of view, and some months ago, in making certain bone sections, the idea of utilizing the circular saw occurred to me. This new saw which I have devised (Fig. 1) has a handle heavy enough to prevent vibration, and of such shape as to permit a firm grasp with the hand. On the upper part of the handle there is a shoulder to accommodate the thumb. On the lower aspect of the handle are grooves for the fingers, with a ring for the index finger. This ring protects the finger absolutely from the rapidly revolving saw, and also gives a rigid base to brace, when desired, the handle against the head. I originally provided a sharp pin on the lower edge of this
The Psychological Evaluation of Patients for a Kidney Transplant and Hemodialysis Program
Authors: ROGER P. GREENBERG, GARY DAVIS, RONALD MASSEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Psychological evaluations over a three-year period of 24 patients with kidney disease revealed very little evidence of gross emotional maladjustment. Most of the patients did seem to have experienced organic losses in intellectual functioning and they appeared to have limited amounts of energy available for coping with stress and limited affective responsivity. The authors emphasize the benefits of properly preparing such patients for psychological testing in order to allay their fears, increase their tolerance to stress, and aid in obtaining the best possible picture of their strengths and capabilities.