tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Placebos, Antacids and Cimetidine for Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: John S. Fordtran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Cimetidine came on the scene just after the development of excellent endoscopic methods for visualizing duodenal ulcers. These better endoscopes, together with the need for intensive clinical studies before cimetidine could be released, have resulted in more reliable data on medical therapy of peptic ulcer than had been produced in the previous 100 years. However, the information has come so fast that it is hard to keep up with it, let alone understand what it all means. It is especially difficult to put cimetidine and older drugs in proper perspective. Since space is limited and data are more definitive, I . . .
Medically Unnecessary Hospital Use in Children Seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Kathi Kemper
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Stimulated by reports that some children who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV + ) have been abandoned in the hospital, we studied the extent of, and reasons for, medically unnecessary hospital use at Yale—New Haven (Conn) Hospital among HIV + children. We reviewed inpatient stays for all HIV + children hospitalized through Oct 31, 1987. Hospital days were judged to be unnecessary if they failed to meet any of the criteria on the Pediatric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. Among 34 children eligible for the study, 54% of their hospital days were judged medically unnecessary; 59% of the children had at least one such day. Unnecessary use was 100% for one-day stays (all for γ-globulin infusions) and 58% for stays longer than three weeks, with 94% of those unnecessary days being secondary to placement problems. The rate of unnecessary days has declined from 64% of all hospital days in 1983 and 1984 to 30% in 1987 as a result of improved outpatient services and access to foster care. Improved medical and social services could substantially reduce the cost of medically unnecessary hospital care in HIV + children. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1906-1909)
Restoration of the cAMP second messenger pathway enhances cardiac preservation for transplantation in a heterotopic rat model.
Authors: D Pinsky, M Oz, H Liao, S Morris, J Brett, R Sciacca, M Karakurum, M Van Lookeren Campagne, J Platt, R Nowygrod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Current organ preservation strategies subject graft vasculature to severe hypoxia (PO2 approximately 20 Torr), potentially compromising vascular function and limiting successful transplantation. Previous work has shown that cAMP modulates endothelial cell (EC) antithrombogenicity, barrier function, and leukocyte/EC interactions, and that hypoxia suppresses EC cAMP levels. To explore the possible benefits of cAMP analogs/agonists in organ preservation, we used a rat heterotopic cardiac transplant model; dibutyryl cAMP added to preservation solutions was associated with a time- and dose-dependent increase in the duration of cold storage associated with successful graft function. Preservation was also enhanced by 8-bromo-cAMP, the Sp isomer of adenosine 3',5'monophosphorothioate, and types III (indolidan) and IV (rolipram) phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Neither butyrate alone nor 8-bromoadenosine were effective, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase antagonist Rp isomer of adenosine 3',5'monophosphorothioate prevented preservation enhancement induced by 8-bromo-cAMP. Grafts stored with dibutyryl cAMP demonstrated a 5.5-fold increase in blood flow and a 3.2-fold decreased neutrophil infiltration after transplantation. To explore the role of cAMP in another cell type critical for vascular homeostasis, vascular smooth muscle cells were subjected to hypoxia, causing a time-dependent decline in cAMP levels. Although adenylate cyclase activity was unchanged, diminished oxygen tensions were associated with enhanced phosphodiesterase activity (59 and 30% increase in soluble types III and IV activity, respectively). These data suggest that hypoxia or graft ischemia disrupt vascular homeostasis, at least in part, by perturbing the cAMP second messenger pathway. Supplementation of this pathway provides a new approach for enhancing cardiac preservation, promoting myocardial function, and maintaining vascular homeostatic properties.
Efficacy of an oral antihistamine, astemizole, as compared to a nasal steroid spray in hay fever
Authors: P. Salomonsson, L. Gottberg, H. Heilborn, K. Norrlind, K.‐O. Pegelow
Journal: Allergy (1988)

The efficacy and side effects of the oral H 1 ‐antihistamine, astemizole, were compared with those of nasal beclomethasone in 158 adult birch‐pollen allergic hay fever patients. 148 patients completed the 5‐week, controlled trial which took place in Stockholm, May 1986, during the birch pollen season. Daily pollen counts were found to be at a rather low level throughout the study period. The effect and tolerability of both drugs were found to be excellent, although beclomethasone reduced nasal symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhoea, blocked nose) significantly more effectively than astemizole. Eye symptoms were mild and equal in both groups. The results indicate that oral astemizole is an effective non‐sedating antihistamine, though less so than nasal beclomethasone, in the treatment of nasal hay fever symptoms.
Facilitatory Neuromodulative Effect of Duloxetine on Pudendal Motor Neurons Controlling the Urethral Pressure: A Functional Urodynamic Study in Healthy Women
Authors: Sönke Boy, André Reitz, Barbara Wirth, Peter A. Knapp, Peter M. Braun, Axel Haferkamp, Brigitte Schurch
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Rituximab versus splenectomy in persistent or chronic adult primary immune thrombocytopenia: an adjusted comparison of mortality and morbidity
Authors: Guillaume Moulis, Laurent Sailler, Agnès Sommet, Maryse Lapeyre‐Mestre, Hélène Derumeaux, Daniel Adoue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Splenectomy and rituximab are both recommended as second‐line treatment in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but they have never been directly compared. We compared their efficacy and serious adverse outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 105 adult primary ITP patients exposed to one or other of these treatments. Primary outcome was composite: death from hemorrhage or from infection and hospitalization for bleeding or for infection. Secondary outcomes were overall mortality, hospitalization for bleeding, hospitalization for infection, as well as response and complete response (international definitions). Analyses were adjusted on a propensity score. Patients treated with rituximab ( n = 43) were older and had more comorbidities than the splenectomized patients ( n = 62). Mean follow‐up was, respectively, 3 and 8.4 years. After adjustment on the propensity score, there was no difference between the two groups regarding the primary and other clinical outcomes. In the multivariate analysis, only a history of mucosal bleeding (HR 3.2 95% CI [1.2–8.5]) and a Charlson score ≥1 (HR 4.2 95% CI [1.8–9.6]) were associated with the primary outcome. These two factors were also associated with hospitalization for bleeding. As expected, response, complete response and maintenance rates were higher in the splenectomy group. Splenectomy compared with rituximab was independently associated with a response at 12 months (OR 4.4, 95% CI [1.7–11.8]). Then, adjusted analyses in this real‐life cohort confirmed the better results of splenectomy compared with rituximab. Am. J. Hematol. 89:41–46, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From Other Pages
Authors: J. Odhalo
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A randomized controlled trial of licartin for preventing hepatoma recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Jing Xu, Zhong-Yang Shen, Xin-Guo Chen, Qing Zhang, Hui-Jie Bian, Ping Zhu, Hui-Yun Xu, Fei Song, Xiang-Min Yang, Li Mi, Qing-Chuan Zhao, Rong Tian, Qiang Feng, Si-He Zhang, Yu Li, Jian-Li Jiang, Ling Li, Xiao-Ling Yu, Zheng Zhang, Zhi-Nan Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only curative therapy of HCC with underlying cirrhosis, but due to HCC metastasis and recurrence, its benefit is limited to a small population who meet the strict selection criteria. We previously reported that Licartin ([131I]mAb HAb18G/CD147) was safe and effective in treating HCC patients, and its antigen, HAb18G/CD147, was closely related to HCC invasion and metastasis. Here, we reported a randomized controlled trial to assess the post-OLT antirecurrence efficacy of Licartin in advanced HCC patients. We randomized 60 post-OLT patients with HCC, who were at tumor stage 3/4 and outside the Milan criteria before OLT, into 2 groups. Three weeks after OLT, the treatment group received 15.4 MBq/kg of Licartin, while the control group received placebo intravenously for 3 times with an interval of 28 days. At 1-year follow-up, the recurrence rate significantly decreased by 30.4% ( P = 0.0174) and the survival rate increased by 20.6% ( P = 0.0289) in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group. For the control group versus the treatment group, the hazard ratio for recurrence was 3.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-8.60) and that for death was 3.87 (95% CI, 1.23–12.21). Licartin treatment also resulted in an earlier decreased AFP level and a longer time of normal AFP level than placebo ( P = 0.0016). No Licartin-related toxic effects were observed. Conclusion: Licartin is a promising drug for preventing post-OLT tumor recurrence in advanced HCC patients excluded by the currently strict criteria for OLT. HAb18G/CD147 can be a good drug target.
Difficulties with anonymous shortlisting of medical school applications and its effects on candidates with non-European names: prospective cohort study
Authors: A. B Lumb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the feasibility of anonymous shortlisting of applications for medical school and its effect on those with non-European names. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> Leeds school of medicine, United Kingdom. <b>Subjects:</b> 2047 applications for 1998 entry from the United Kingdom and the European Union. <b>Intervention:</b> Deletion of all references to name and nationality from the application form. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Scoring by two admissions tutors at shortlisting. <b>Results:</b> Deleting names was cumbersome as some were repeated up to 15 times. Anonymising application forms was ineffective as one admissions tutor was able to identify nearly 50% of candidates classed as being from an ethnic minority group. Although scores were lower for applicants with non-European names, anonymity did not improve scores. Applicants with non-European names who were identified as such by tutors were significantly less likely to drop marks in one particular non-academic area (the career insight component) than their European counterparts. <b>Conclusions:</b> There was no evidence of benefit to candidates with non-European names of attempting to blind assessment. Anonymising application forms cannot be recommended. <h3>Key messages</h3> It is cumbersome to anonymise the current Universities and Colleges Admissions Service form as a candidate9s name may appear up to 15 times Anonymised application forms may still be identified as being from candidates from ethnic minority groups More thorough anonymising of application forms, such as deletion of cultural activities, would edit out some personal attributes and may disadvantage these candidates Anonymous assessment of applications cannot be recommended
Cold related mortalities and protection against cold in Yakutsk, eastern Siberia: observation and interview study
Authors: G C Donaldson, S P Ermakov, Y M Komarov, C P McDonald, W R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To assess how effectively measures adopted in extreme cold in Yakutsk control winter mortality.Interviews to assess outdoor clothing and measure indoor temperatures; regressions of these and of delayed cause-specific mortalities on temperature. Setting Yakutsk, east Siberia, Russia.All people aged 50-59 and 65-74 years living within 400 km of Yakutsk during 1989-95 and sample of 1002 men and women who agreed to be interviewed.Daily mortality from all causes and from ischaemic heart, cerebrovascular, and respiratory disease.Mean temperature for October-March 1989-95 was -26.6 degreesC. At 10.2 degrees C people wore 3.30 (95% confidence interval 3.08 to 3.53) layers of clothing outdoors, increasing to 4.39 (4.13 to 4.66; P<0. 0001) layers at -20 degrees C. Thick coats, often of fur, replaced anoraks as temperature fell to -48.2 degrees C. 82% of people went out each day when temperatures were 10.2 degrees C to -20 degrees C, but below -20 degrees C the proportion fell steadily to 44% (35% to 53%) at -48.2 degrees C (P<0.001), and overall shivering outdoors did not increase. Living room temperature was 17.9 (17.2 to 18.5) degrees C at 10.2 degrees C outdoors, 19.6 (18.8 to 20.4) degrees C at -20 degrees C, and 19.1 (18.6 to 19.6) degrees C at -48.2 degrees C. Mortality from all causes and from ischaemic heart and respiratory disease was unaffected by the fall in temperature. Mortality from respiratory disease (daily deaths per million) rose from 4.7 (4.3 to 5.1) to 5.1 (4.4 to 5.7) (P=0.03), but this was offset by a fall in deaths from injury.People in Yakutsk wore very warm clothing, and in extremely cold weather stayed indoors in warm housing, preventing the increases in mortality seen in winter in milder regions of the world. Only respiratory mortality rose, perhaps because of breathing cold air.
Aging: The Paradox of Life
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in primary proteinuric nephropathies
Authors: José Luño, Vicente Barrio, Maria Ángeles Goicoechea, Cesar González, Soledad García De Vinuesa, Francisco Gómez, Carmen Bernis, Mario Espinosa, Francisco Ahijado, José Gómez, Pedro Escalada
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Endothelial Responses to Oxidized Lipoproteins Determine Genetic Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Weibin Shi, Margaret E. Haberland, Ming-Len Jien, Diana M. Shih, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Oxidized LDL has been found within the subendothelial space, and it exhibits numerous atherogenic properties, including induction of inflammatory genes. We examined the possibility that variations in endothelial response to minimally modified LDL (MM-LDL) constitute one of the genetic components in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —By a novel explant technique, endothelial cells (ECs) were isolated from the aorta of inbred mouse strains with different susceptibilities to diet-induced atherosclerosis. Responses to MM-LDL were evaluated by examining the expression of inflammatory genes involved in atherosclerosis, including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage-colony–stimulating factor (M-CSF), an oxidative stress gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and other, noninflammatory, genes. ECs from the susceptible mouse strain C57BL/6J exhibited dramatic induction of MCP-1, M-CSF, and HO-1, whereas ECs from the resistant strain C3H/HeJ showed little or no induction. In contrast, ECs from the 2 strains responded similarly to lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions —These data provide strong evidence that genetic factors in atherosclerosis act at the level of the vessel wall.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fluticasone versus montelukast in children with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma in the Pediatric Asthma Controller Trial
Authors: Li Wang, Christopher S. Hollenbeak, David T. Mauger, Robert S. Zeiger, Ian M. Paul, Christine A. Sorkness, Robert F. Lemanske Jr., Fernando D. Martinez, Robert C. Strunk, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Hypotension Caused by L-Dopa
Authors: D. B. Calne, J. Brennan, A. S. D. Spiers, G. M. Stern
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In 20 patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism maximum tolerated doses of L-dopa were found to induce a mean reduction in blood pressure (erect systolic) of 19·3 mm.Hg, without any significant change in pulse rate. This hypotension may be due to dopamine, acting on adrenergic nerve endings or on the central nervous system itself.
Value of acceleration flow and the prestenotic to stenotic coronary flow velocity ratio by transthoracic color doppler echocardiography in noninvasive diagnosis of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Takeshi Hozumi, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Takashi Akasaka, Yoshio Asami, Yumiko Kanzaki, Yoshiaki Ueda, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tsutomu Takagi, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Changing the Internal Medicine Residency
Authors: GEORGE L. BLACKBURN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1986Changing the Internal Medicine ResidencyGEORGE L. BLACKBURN, M.D., Ph.D.GEORGE L. BLACKBURN, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-471_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Annals has been generous in contributing educational and scientific data on nutrition and internal medicine. I write to express concern that the proposed changes in internal medicine training would omit nutrition. Schroeder and colleagues ( 1 ) warn that internal medicine residencies risk becoming obsolete if they do not adjust to changing patterns in medical practice. The authors argue primarily for a shift of training from medical wards and intensive care units to outpatient settings and surgical consultations. Indeed, a strong argument is made for changes in the training program.I was particularly concerned about Table 1,...References1. SCHROEDER S, SHOWSTACK J, and GERBERT B. Residency training in medicine: time for a change? Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:554-62. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HEYMSFIELD S, HOWARD L, HEIRD W, and RHOADS J. Biennial survey of physician clinical nutrition training program. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;42:152-65. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COX M, ADAY L, LEVEY G, and ANDERSON R. National study of internal medicine manpower: X. Internal medicine residency and fellowship training: 1985 update. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:241-5. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Health implications of obesity: National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:147-51. LinkGoogle Scholar5. . Nonpharmacological approaches to the control of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 1986;8:444-67. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. BLACKBURN G and BISTRIAN B. Creative nutrition: protein-calorie management. In: SCHNEIDER HA, COURSIN DB, ANDERSON CE. Nutritional Support of Medical Practice. 2nd ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper & Row; 1980. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GEORGE L. BLACKBURN, M.D., Ph.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNutrition education in the clinical setting for medical residents 1 September 1986Volume 105, Issue 3Page: 471-471KeywordsIntensive care unitsNutritionOutpatientsResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tinea Nigra Palmaris
Authors: Jerome Tilles, Paul H. Jacobs, Theodore A. Tromovitch
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIS PAPER reports two cases of tinea nigra palmaris which were observed in the Washington, D.C, area. Including these two cases, the total number reported in the United States is now 11. In textbooks and the earlier literature this disease has been considered primarily of cosmetic importance. This lesion, however, appears to warrant greater emphasis because, of late, it has been mistaken a number of times for nevi. Slepyan and Geuting demonstrated that the rarity of tinea nigra palmaris in this country contributes to the erroneous diagnosis, and Smith and associates reported that even competent specialists have misdiagnosed the lesion. Five of the nine previously reported cases were found by Hitch not to have been recognized the first time seen. Indeed, one of the patients reported in the present paper was referred to us because of what was believed to be a rapidly enlarging nevus. Confusion of tinea nigra palmaris
A randomized, active- and placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of different doses of dutasteride versus placebo and finasteride in the treatment of male subjects with androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Walter Gubelin Harcha, Julia Barboza Martínez, Tsen-Fang Tsai, Kensei Katsuoka, Makoto Kawashima, Ryoji Tsuboi, Allison Barnes, Geraldine Ferron-Brady, Dushen Chetty
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)