tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute aortic dissection causing gastroduodenal and hepatic infarction
Authors: S. Jutaghokiat, P. Angsuwatcharakon, B. Imraporn, P. Ongcharit, S. Udomsawaengsup, R. Rerknimitr
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 61-year-old man presented with severe acute epigastric pain for 15 hours followed by hematemesis. On arrival, the patient had high blood pressure, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Bowel sound was absent with mild abdominal distention. Nasogastric lavage revealed fresh blood. Complete blood count and liver function tests were unremarkable. Serum amylase and lipase were 836 U/L (normal range, 28 – 100 U/L), and 1870 U/L (normal range, 13–60 U/L), respectively. Chest radiography demonstrated a wide mediastinum ([Fig. 1]), and a plain film of the abdomen showed small-bowel ileus. He was sent for an emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The findings are shown in [Fig. 2] and [Video 1]. Gastroduodenal infarction was suspected and he was transferred for an emergent computed tomography (CT) scan of the whole abdomen. Acute aortic dissection (Stanford type B) with hepatic and intestinal infarction was diagnosed ([Fig. 3]). After the patient had been stabilized, an exploratory laparotomy was performed. Gangrene of the gallbladder, spleen, descending and sigmoid colon were detected. Cholecystectomy, splenectomy, and left-half colectomy were performed. Within the same day, fenestration of infrarenal abdominal aorta to provide blood flow to the gut was also successfully carried out. After surgery the patient improved and experienced no further abdominal pain or bleeding.
Guidelines for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Cholesterol Treatment—Reply
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Student fundholding is a good idea
Authors: D. Macauley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

developed up to 10 years after blood with a prostate specific antigen concentration ¢ 12 times the normal median value was collected, eight occurred after three years.Few screening tests for cancer can identify clinical cases so far in advance.As S Sandhu and colleagues state, trials of treatment of prostate cancer are urgently needed, but this should not delay trials of screening.A treatment could be effective in cancers detected by screening but not in more advanced disease that presented symptomatically.In the absence of symptoms any treatment would need a much lower rate of side effects than would be acceptable with symptomatic disease.Trials of the treatment of disease detected by screening and treatment of symptomatic disease should be complementary endeavours.W A Bartlett and A F Jones suggest that our assay lacked precision at values typical for the men in our population.The coefficient of variation at concentrations of 1-2 ng/ml was 2-5%, and the minimum detectable concentration cited by the manufacturers was 0 1 ng/ml.Imprecise measure- ment was not, therefore, a problem.The distributions of prostate specific antigen concentrations in healthy men were similar to those reported in the literature and showed the expected increase with age.The normal median values used were based on large numbers, which avoided most of the effect of any assay error associated with individual measure- ment.
Abstract 2594: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) upregulates heme oxygenase-1 through activation of ERK-Nrf2 signaling: Cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative damage
Authors: Natarajan Bhaskaran, Sanjeev Shukla, Sanjay Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Protection of cells from oxidative insult could be attained by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species or more significantly by stimulating the intracellular antioxidant defense through induction of antioxidant gene expression. It has been well documented that the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress results in increased nuclear translocation and its binding to the antioxidant response elements (AREs) found in the promoters of genes, encoding antioxidant enzymes. Studies have demonstrated that Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family is important in modulating ARE driven gene expression via Nrf2 activation. In the present study, we investigated which particular MAPK family member plays an important role in the regulation of chamomile-induced Nrf2-dependent ARE activity and ARE-driven antioxidant gene expression in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. We used aqueous chamomile extract (5, 10, 20 and 40µg/mL) obtained from dried flowers with and without MAPK pharmacological inhibitors to investigate their effect on Nrf2 activation. Pretreatment of macrophages with chamomile significantly induced the expression of antioxidant gene, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA and protein in concentration and time dependent manner. Chamomile exposure increased the nuclear Nrf2 levels which correlated with Nrf2 phosphorylation and its dissociation from Keap1 in both concentration and time dependent manner. Furthermore, chamomile treatment increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but not other kinases, which might result in Nrf2 phosphorylation. Treatment of macrophages with 5µM U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) was able to reduce chamomile-induced ERK phosphorylation, as well as Nrf2 phosphorylation, affecting the levels of HO-1. To confirm the role of Nrf2 in the induction of HO-1, knockdown of Nrf2 using siRNA in the macrophages resulted in significant inhibition of HO-1 expression. Furthermore, chamomile protected the cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and this protective effect was inhibited by U0126 and ZnPP (Zinc protoporphyrin-10µM), a HO-1 inhibitor. Taken together, these data suggest that chamomile augments cellular antioxidant defense capacity through induction of HO-1 via ERK-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, thereby protecting the cells from oxidative stress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2594. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2594
Infant-feeding practices among immigrants in Glasgow.
Authors: R Gardee, D Greaves
Journal: BMJ (1978)

justifiably concerned that her baby was convulsing in utero.It was subsequently noticed that her baby was frequently affected by hiccups following a feed.The hiccups occurred at a rate of one per second and lasted for several minutes at a time; this phenomenon persisted to the age of three months.It is known that the fetus drinks liquor in utero, and hiccups have been demonstrated by real-time ultrasound scanning.'Hiccuping in utero might explain the observations of these mothers and such an explanation by her doctor would help to allay genuine anxieties.Real-time scanning would be valuable to confirm this diagnosis when the technique is available.
The Radiology of Skeletal Disorders: Exercise in Diagnosis
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Undoubtedly the quality, scope, and innovative method of presentation place these volumes among the best texts on skeletal radiology. More appropriately, they probably deserve the title of "the standard references." More than 4,000 illustrations reproduced in an unbelievably superb fashion attest to the comprehensive coverage of almost any skeletal disorder one could imagine. Despite this encyclopedic scope, the volumes remain remarkably easy to read and study. The unorthodox format combines elements of programmed instruction, conventional text, and self-assessment examinations that keep the reader constantly and actively participating as the current concepts in radiology unfold. Each section begins with a series of relatively large and expertly reproduced roentgenograms. These and a brief sentence about the clinical history constitute more than 1,000 unknown diagnostic problems. Subsequent pages contain answers and superbly written discussions of the conditions depicted in the quizzes. Many supporting photographs appropriately numbered to correspond to the unknowns contain captions
Ultrastructure of neutrophilic phagosome of autologous platelet in vivo in specific granule deficiency
Authors: Tohru Sakura, Hirokazu Murakami, Takafumi Matsushima, Jun'Ichi Tamura, Morio Sawamura, Jun Tsuchiya
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The ultrastructure of neutrophilic phagosomes containing autologous platelets in vivo from a woman with specific granule deficiency is described. This phagosome formation was observed only when she had developed pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus . Therefore, the phenomenon might be induced by severe bacterial infection under an abnormal neutrophilic condition accompanied by specific granule deficiency.
The treatment of acne with topical retinoids: One man's opinions
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

Acne is a family of disorders that vary greatly in pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. Accordingly, no simple recipe for treatment can be given, and treatment options vary with the stage and intensity of the disease. Topical retinoids are the mainstay for treating common varieties of acne vulgaris. They also prevent development of comedones, halting progression to inflammatory lesions. Tretinoin was the first retinoid used in the topical treatment of acne more than 25 years ago. Isotretinoin, which has recently become available, is less irritating, but is probably somewhat less effective. Adapalene is a recently introduced topical retinoid used to treat acne. It enjoys therapeutic equivalence to tretinoin but is less irritating. Except for very mild acne cases, topical retinoids should be used concommitantly with other drugs. The operating principle is to choose drugs whose modes of action are different from topical retinoids, that is, antibiotics or benzoyl peroxide. Topical retinoids, however, constitute the core of nearly all therapeutic programs for acne. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:S92-5.)
London's health care.
Authors: M. Safranek
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Mixed sex wards EDITOR,-Mixed sex wards exist in many hos- pitals,' but there are few studies of their acceptability to patients.We carried out a simple survey to determine patients' opinions before and after relocating the accident and emergency observation ward of this hospital from a ward with single sex six bed bays to a mixed sex Nightingale ward.The ward with single sex bays had separate toilets and washrooms for men and women; the mixed sex ward had shared toilets and washrooms, although the nurses tried to ensure that only men or women used these at any one time.Patients were aged over 13 and required observation or investigation for various acute problems.Most were discharged within 24 hours.
Anxiety caused by abnormal result of cervical smear test: a controlled trial.
Authors: C Wilkinson, J M Jones, J McBride
Journal: BMJ (1990)

transit time.In patients with formed stools (scores 1-4) and normal or slow transit frequent defecation and urgency are actually pseudodiarrhoea, presumably due to an irritable or hyperreactive rectum, and constipating agents should be avoided.As patients with slow and fast transit may respond differently to high fibre diets and bulking agents, respectively, perhaps they should be asked to record their stool form so that the doctor can assess the transit rate and plan treatment.1 Rao SSC, Holdsworth CD, Read NW.Symptoms and stool patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis.
LDL Electronegativity Is Enhanced in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Roberto Gambino, Sara Giunti, Barbara Uberti, Paolo Cavallo Perin, Gianfranco Pagano, Maurizio Cassader
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

LDL particles exhibit heterogeneity in density, size, chemical composition, and charge (1). Lipoperoxidation, oxidation, and glycosylation increase the net negative charge and may enhance LDL atherogenicity with important metabolic consequences. A relevant role of more electronegative LDL in atherogenesis is supported by the observation that it is elevated in subjects at high risk, such as familial hypercholesterolemic and type 1 diabetic patients (2).

We reported the precise measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of LDL as an indicator of modification by capillary electrophoresis and the UV absorption at 234 nm that results from the formation of conjugated dienes in constituent polyenoic fatty acids in 14 type 1 diabetic patients (7 normoalbuminuric and 7 microalbuminuric patients) and in 6 nondiabetic subjects. In type 1 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (six men and one woman; mean age 38 ± 12 years) the mean duration of diabetes was 25 ± 7 years, and they were in stable glycemic control (HbA1c = 7.1 ± 0.6%). …
STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN
Authors: Catharine G. Bowman, Peter F. Bonventre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The effect of diphtheria toxin on subcellular components of protein synthesis was determined. Polyribosomes prepared from intoxicated guinea pigs functioned normally in an in vitro assay system, while the activity of soluble enzymes (transferases) from toxin-treated animals was significantly reduced. At high toxin dosages, this reduction was widespread, but when levels of toxin comparable to those which might be generated in a natural infection were given, inhibition of soluble enzyme activity was found only in extracts from heart and skeletal muscle. Possible nonspecific inhibition in the assay system due to interference by free toxin or by a serum component was eliminated. Since it was possible to demonstrate reactivation of soluble enzyme activity with nicotinamide and toxin, it was suggested that diphtheria toxin acts in the intact sensitive animal in a manner analogous to its action in tissue culture or in cell-free systems. It was hypothesized that the lethal biochemical lesion of the toxin in sensitive animals was the inactivation of transferase enzymes, principally in the heart. It was also suggested that the lethal lesion induced in diphtheria-sensitive and resistant species may not be identical.
Femtosecond infrared laser—an efficient and safe in vivo gene delivery system for prolonged expression
Authors: Evelyne Zeira, Alexandra Manevitch, Artium Khatchatouriants, Orit Pappo, Esti Hyam, Merav Darash-Yahana, Einat Tavor, Alik Honigman, Aaron Lewis, Eithan Galun
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

The major advantages of "naked DNA gene therapy" are its simplicity and a low or negligible immune response. Gene delivery by DNA electroporation (EP) involves injection of DNA and the application of a brief electric pulse to enhance cellular permeability. Although EP is an efficient gene transduction technique in rodents, it requires much higher voltages (>500 V) in larger animals, and hence, in practice it would be hazardous for human patients, as it would cause serious tissue damage. To overcome the obstacles associated with EP-mediated gene delivery in vivo, we developed a new method of gene transduction that uses laser energy. The femtosecond infrared titanium sapphire laser beam was developed specifically for enhancing in vivo gene delivery without risks of tissue damage. System optimization revealed that injection of 10 micro g naked DNA into the tibial muscle of mice followed by application of the laser beam for 5 s, focused to 2 mm depth upon an area of 95 x 95 micro m(2), resulted in the highest intensity and duration of gene expression with no histological or biochemical evidence of muscle damage. We assessed the potential clinical application of LBGT technology by using it to transfer the murine erythropoietin (mEpo) gene into mice. LBGT-mediated mEpo gene delivery resulted in elevated (>22%) hematocrit levels that were sustained for 8 weeks. Gene expression following LBGT was detected for >100 days. Hence, LBGT is a simple, safe, effective, and reproducible method for therapeutic gene delivery with significant clinical potential.
British GPs call for pricing on out of hours
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Britain's general practitioners have refused to accept the failure of the Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body to put a value on their out of hours work. They are insisting that it does this in a supplementary report by the middle of May.

During a highly charged debate last week the General Medical Services Committee expressed frustration at the slow tactics of the NHS Executive in resolving the out of hours …
Gene-environment Interaction Between Tlr4+8595c/t Polymorphism And Bronchiolitis May Influence The Development Of Asthma In Preschool Children
Authors: Y. Jung, H. Kim, J. Seo, J. Kwon, B. Kim, H. Kim, S. Lee, G. Jang, D. Song, W. Kim, J. Shim, M. Kang, Y. Kim, S. Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Prevalence of autoantibodies to the 65- and 67-kD isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J Seissler, J Amann, L Mauch, H Haubruck, S Wolfahrt, S Bieg, W Richter, R Holl, E Heinze, W Northemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We investigated the presence of autoantibodies to baculovirus-expressed human recombinant 65- and 67-kD isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In the immunoprecipitation test using [35S]methionine-labeled GADs antibodies to GAD65 were detected in 13/15 (87%) islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive and in 1/35 (2.9%) ICA-negative first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM, in 6/11 (54.5%) ICA-positive nondiabetic schoolchildren, and in 35/50 (70%) patients with newly diagnosed IDDM. GAD67 antibodies were positive only in five (33%) of the ICA-positive relatives (P < 0.05) and in nine (18%) IDDM patients at onset (P < 0.00001). After onset of IDDM antibodies to GAD65 and GAD67 declined but were still positive in 25 and 9.4% of subjects with long-standing IDDM (> 10 yr). In all study groups antibodies to GAD67 were only detected in GAD65 antibody-positive sera. An immunotrapping enzyme activity assay for GAD65 antibodies was positive in 64/75 (85.3%) of sera that were GAD antibody positive in the immunoprecipitation test (r = 0.870, P < 0.0001). In two (2.7%) sera GAD65 antibodies that block GAD enzyme activity were found. Our data suggest that antibodies to GAD65 but not to GAD67 represent sensitive markers for preclinical and overt IDDM. The immunotrapping assay here described represents a valuable technique for specific and sensitive screening for GAD antibodies.
A complete theory of human evolution of intelligence must consider stage changes
Authors: Michael Lamport Commons, Patrice Marie Miller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

We show 13 stages of the development of tool-use and tool making during different eras in the evolution of Homo sapiens. We used the NeoPiagetian Model of Hierarchical Complexity rather than Piaget's. We distinguished the use of existing methods imitated or learned from others, from doing such a task on one's own.
Interference of high concentrations of immunoglobulin on stained blood and bone marrow smears in a case of plasma cell myeloma
Authors: Jean-Francois Lesesve
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

We illustrate an indirect measure for detecting abnormal immunoglobulin in a patient: the observation of unusual coloring of blood and bone marrow smears after panoptical staining. A 68-year-old male presented with dorsal bone pain for several months. The complete blood count was RBC 2.71 × 1012/l, Hb 9.7 g/dl, WBC 4.5 × 109/l, platelets 168 × 109/l. The blood cell analyzer (LH 750, Beckman, Villepinte, France) indicated no flags. The peripheral blood smear was stained according to the May-Grünwald-Giemsa procedure mixing methanol, cationic (basic) methylene azur and anionic (acidic) eosin with verified neutral pH of 7.2. It macroscopically showed moderate blue-gray staining as compared to the color typically seen in the laboratory (upper left Image 1). Under the microscope, an increased rouleaux formation of RBCs was observed. The bone marrow aspiration showed marked blue staining, suggesting high immunoglobulin concentration (upper right Image 1). It was infiltrated by 95% abnormal plasmocytes (proplasmocytes and some plasmablasts, below Image 1) with increased background staining, leading to the diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma. Serum electrophoresis found then a monoclonal gammapathy of IgG Kappa (IgG°: 32 g/L). The X-ray films of the skeletal series demonstrated lytic lesions from the vertebras. Blood and bone marrow films preparation, MGG staining. Peripheral blood or bone marrow smears of patients with plasma cell myeloma may show unusual color appearance as compared with other smears stained in the same batch. An incorrect stain pH is more commonly the reason for an overly blue-appearing slide, but in plasma cell neoplasms, the particular color of the smear is related to the high immunoglobulin concentration increasing the uptake of the basic component of the stain [1].
Doctor could face financial ruin even if he wins libel case
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An attempt to settle a libel battle between the British cardiologist Peter Wilmshurst and the US medical device manufacturer NMT Medical by mediation has failed, and the case now seems headed for a trial that could prove financially ruinous for him even if he wins.

NMT is opposing an application by Dr Wilmshurst’s solicitor, Mark Lewis, for the company to pay into court enough money to guarantee that his legal costs will be reimbursed if he successfully defends its libel action against him.

The company, which is based in Boston, Massachusetts, is suing him over remarks he made to a US website alleging …
Health Care of Mothers and Children in National Health Services: Implication for the United States
Authors: Ann Maravilla
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Wallace has produced a timely book that traces the history, organizational structure, and current statistics regarding the National Health Services of Great Britain and Sweden. Interest has been growing in the United States in a comprehensive health program, and we are fortunate to have in operation working systems that can readily be evaluated. Although the British believed that if good preventive measures were implemented, the demand for health services would eventually fall, this has not been borne out in actuality, and the demand for services continues to grow. Health care is intricately interwoven with other social and welfare programs. A considerable amount of space is devoted to topics such as child abuse, day care for preschool children, education (particularly for the handicapped), abortion, and sex education, which the author refers to as "social pediatrics." The book concludes with two chapters devoted to implications for the United States: what are