tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical usefulness of risk factors for osteoporosis.
Authors: S A Earnshaw, D J Hosking
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Estrogen signaling through estrogen receptor alpha (ER) plays a major role in endometrial cancer risk and progression; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ER’s regulatory role in endometrial cancer are poorly understood. In breast cancer cells, ER genomic binding is enabled by FOXA1 and GATA3, but the transcription factors that control ER genomic binding in endometrial cancer cells remain unknown. We previously identified ETV4 as a candidate factor controlling ER genomic binding in endometrial cancer cells and here we explore the functional importance of ETV4. Homozygous deletion of <i>ETV4</i>, using CRISPR/Cas9, led to greatly reduced ER binding at the majority of loci normally bound by ER. Consistent with the dramatic loss of ER binding, the gene expression response to estradiol was dampened for most genes. ETV4 contributes to estrogen signaling in two distinct ways; ETV4 loss impacts chromatin accessibility at some ER bound loci and impairs ER nuclear translocation. The diminished estrogen signaling upon <i>ETV4</i> deletion led to decreased growth, particularly in 3D culture where hollow organoids were formed and <i>in vivo</i> in the context of estrogen dependent growth. Our results show that ETV4 plays an important role in estrogen signaling in endometrial cancer cells.
THE UNDERLYING CAUSE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF RICKETS
Authors: LEONARD FINDLAY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

When I received the invitation of the American Medical Association to be one of the guests of the Section on Diseases of Children, my first feelings were of pride at the great honor bestowed on me and my medical school. I would lief in my acknowledgments have placed my alma mater first, for I am quite confident that any claim I may have to be entertained by you is wholly due to the source of my education. Though Glasgow is not considered, at least by its visitors, a pleasant place for the habitation of man, yet it is, perhaps chiefly if not entirely for that very reason, an ideal home for a school of medicine. Glasgow, as you know, is a veritable beehive of industry, and thus unfortunately possesses all the qualifications for engendering disease. Within a comparatively small area there is a population of a most heteregeneous nature of
Non-aqueous silicone elastomer gels as a vaginal microbicide delivery system for the HIV-1 entry inhibitor maraviroc
Authors: Claire J. Forbes, Deborah Lowry, Leslie Geer, Ronald S. Veazey, Robin J. Shattock, Per Johan Klasse, Mark Mitchnick, Laurie Goldman, Lara A. Doyle, Brendan C.O. Muldoon, A. David Woolfson, John P. Moore, R. Karl Malcolm
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Relationship between inflammatory mediator patterns and anemia in HIV‐1 positive and exposed children with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria
Authors: Gregory C. Davenport, James B. Hittner, Tom Were, John M. Ong'echa, Douglas J. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Anemia is the primary hematological manifestation of both Plasmodium falciparum malaria and HIV-1 in pediatric populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We have previously shown that HIV-1 positive and exposed children have greater risk of developing severe anemia (hemoglobin, Hb <6.0 g dL⁻¹) during acute malaria. However, enhanced severity of anemia was unrelated to either erythropoietic suppression or parasite-driven red blood cell hemolysis. To further explore mechanisms of anemia, circulating inflammatory mediators (IMs) were determined using a 25-plex bead array in P. falciparum-infected (Pf[+]) children (3-36 month, n = 194) stratified into three groups: HIV-1 negative (HIV-1[-]/Pf[+]); HIV-1 exposed (HIV-1[exp]/Pf[+]); and HIV-1 infected (HIV-1[+]/Pf[+]). IL-12, MIG/CXCL9, eotaxin/CCL11, and GM-CSF differed significantly and progressively increased across the groups (HIV-1[-]→HIV-1[exp]→HIV-1[+]). To further explore the relationship between the inflammatory milieu (i.e., cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) and HIV-1 status, the large panel of IMs was reduced into discrete groups by principal component factor analysis. Of the six principal components that emerged, three components were significantly higher in the HIV-1 [+]/pf[+] and HIV[exp]/Pf[+] groups, demonstrating that inflammatory profiles differ according to HIV-1 status. Additional analyses exploring the relationship between the components and anemia revealed significant positive correlations between Hb and Component 3 (IL-1Ra, IL-7, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, MIG/CXCL9) in the HIV-1[-]/Pf[+] group, and Component 4 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, Eotaxin/CCL11) in HIV-1[+]/Pf[+] children. Further analyses of the HIV-1[+]/Pf[+] group revealed that IL-12 had the strongest association with anemia. Results presented here demonstrate that there are unique relationships between the inflammatory environment and anemia in HIV-1 positive and exposed children with malaria.
Revisiting Truth and Consequences: What to Do When the Patient Doesn’t Want to Know
Authors: Mellar P. Davis, Robert Dreicer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.99.172 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12409343 Revisiting Truth and Consequences: What to Do When the Patient Doesn’t Want to Know Mellar P. DavisxMellar P. DavisSearch for articles by this author , Robert DreicerxRobert DreicerSearch for articles by this author Show More The Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, A World Health Organization Demonstration Project in Palliative MedicineTaussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.99.172 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
TREATMENT OF PRURITUS ANI, VULVAE AND SCROTI
Authors: M. P. Moorer
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Under thorough infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue extending one-half inch beyond the area affected, with 0.5 per cent. quinin and urea hydrochlorid solution, itching is at once arrested; excoriations rapidly heal, and within a few days the skin resumes its normal smoothness and luster. Anesthesia, however, persists for from several days to as many weeks, and, at the expiration of this period, a second and sometimes a third infiltration is or may be required. It has not been necessary to employ a fourth infiltration in any case thus far treated, as the causative factor is searched for, and, if found, eliminated during the days of freedom from itching produced by this simple measure. Occasionally, one injection suffices, and the patient remains away for months; but he finally returns to have skin tabs removed or other operative rectal procedure which he was told in the first instance would be
1154-85 High incidence of the metabolic syndrome in symptomatic coronary heart disease in North America during the early 21st century
Authors: William E Boden, Robert A O'Rourke, William S Weintraub, Koon Teo, Pamela Hartigan, David J Maron, William Kostuk, Karen Potter, Paul Casperson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Morphological changes in intracellular lipid droplets induced by different hepatitis C virus genotype core sequences and relationship with steatosis
Authors: Aurélie Piodi, Philippe Chouteau, Hervé Lerat, Christophe Hézode, Jean‐Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatocellular steatosis is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Steatosis can be considered as a true cytopathic lesion induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3, suggesting that one or more viral proteins produced during genotype 3 infection are involved in the steatogenic process, while the same proteins produced during infection by other genotypes are not. We examined in vitro interactions between lipid droplets and full-length core protein isolated from patients with HCV genotype 3a infection, with and without steatosis, and from steatosis-free patients infected by HCV genotype 1b. We also examined morphological changes in the lipid droplets according to the HCV genotype and the presence of steatosis in vivo. Core protein processing by signal peptide peptidase was not affected by sequence differences between the variants. We showed that the core protein of both HCV genotypes 1b and 3a binds tightly to the surface of intracellular lipid droplets. However, cells transfected with genotype 3a contain more neutral lipids in lipid droplets, and more large lipid droplets, than cells transfected with genotype 1b sequences. This suggests that HCV core protein-lipid droplet interaction could play a role in virus-induced steatosis. Importantly, we found no genetic or functional differences between genotype 3a core proteins from patients with and without HCV-induced steatosis. Conclusion: This suggests that other viral proteins and/or host factors are involved in the development of hepatocellular steatosis in patients infected by HCV genotype 3a. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:16–27.)
Counter-Playing: A Group Therapy Technique
Authors: JAMES M. KRAININ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author describes a technique he calls "counter-playing," derived from the role of the alter-ego in psychodrama. The therapist, as the counter-player, mimics the posture and actions of his subject and, after developing empathy for the subject (which takes about five minutes), speaks "for" the person, expressing thoughts the subject has for some reason been unable to express. The author finds this technique very useful in resolving impasses and freeing the therapy or group process to move along.
Clinical applications of ICG Finger Monitor in patients with liver disease
Authors: Yoshitaka Ishigami, Manabu Masuzawa, Eiji Miyoshi, Michio Kato, Kazuya Tamura, Masahiko Kanda, Kunio Awazu, Kunihiro Taniguchi, Masahiro Kurita, Norio Hayashi, Sunao Kawano, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SUPRARENAL CORTEX ON THE GONADS OF RABBITS
Authors: Henry L. Jaffe, David Marine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. Moderate or marked ovarian enlargement has been observed in 76 per cent of rabbits which survived double suprarenalectomy over 30 days. 2. The ovarian enlargement consists essentially of an hypertrophy of the interstitial cells. 3. The hypertrophy of the interstitial cells is a compensatory reaction and adds further data to the functional interrelation between the suprarenal cortex and the interstitial cells.
Items of Prognostic Value in the Clinical Study
Authors: Isaac Starr
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Data secured on healthy populations by life insurance companies have identified certain findings such as obesity and hypertension as associated with diminished life expectancy. Exact studies, similar in aim, have not been made on the ordinary clinical findings of hospital patients. Consequently, the physician's conceptions of the comparative prognostic value of certain symptoms suggesting cardiac abnormality, of cardiac enlargement, and of electrocardiographic abnormalities seem based more often on impression and tradition than on exact knowledge. The possession of a series of carefully studied patients observed for a long period, together with advances in statistical techniques, has permitted more exact studies of the prognostic value of such findings and of ballistocardiographic abnormalities.
Case of Multiple Myeloma Complicated by Agranulocytosis
Authors: J. Vaughn, S. S. Raphael
Journal: BMJ (1956)

by Schube and Raskin (1940), who administered graded doses to a series of rats and guinea-pigs.They demonstrated a dilatation of the meningeal, cerebral, cerebellar, and choroid vessels, and the presence of subarachnoid and diffuse cerebral haemorrhages.Ehrich et al. (1939) had obtained similar results using dogs and monkeys.Case reports on humans include one by Bonhoff and Lewrenz (1954) concerning an Italian soldier who died five hours after taking 100 mg. of amphetamine.Post-mortem examination of his brain showed marked congestion of the cerebellum.Gericke (1945) records the case of a man aged 36 who died after taking an estimated 120 mg. of amphet- amine ; in this case the cause of death was shown to be subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhage.The mental effects of amphetamine overdosage on human beings can apparently vary from euphoria and increased cerebral activity to an acute psychotic state (Monroe and Drell, 1947; Pretorius, 1953).Mental confusion and feelings of detachment are also common.The most serious organic effects are those resulting from intracranial haemorrhage, but haemorrhages have been noticed at other sites.It seems a strange paradox that a 5-mg.tablet of amphet- amine can be obtained only on prescription, whereas an unlimited quantity can be freely bought in the form of inhalers.We advocate that either the public be warned of the dangers inherent in the misuse of amphetamine or that the drug be Teplaced in decongestant-inhalers by a less toxic substance.
Occurrence of polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) in indoor particulate matter.
Authors: U Seidel, E Schweizer, F Schweinsberg, R Wodarz, A W Rettenmeier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In the course of a routine investigation concerned with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of dust collected in classrooms of a junior high school, a group of electron capture detector (ECD)-sensitive compounds with high boiling points were found in addition to PCBs. Using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques, these compounds were identified as polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs). Additional measurements indicated that the PCTs were present only in particulate matter collected from the tops of fluorescent light frames but not in air samples obtained concomitantly in the classrooms. Attempts to identify the PCT emission source were unsuccessful. A survey of the literature revealed that PCTs are ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, although no data on their indoor occurrence have been reported to date. In view of the toxic effects of PCTs, which seem to be as important as those of PCBs, further attention should be given to the possible presence of PCTs in indoor environments.
IL-10 is critical for Th2 responses in a murine model of allergic dermatitis
Authors: Dhafer Laouini, Harri Alenius, Paul Bryce, Hans Oettgen, Erdyni Tsitsikov, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

We found that mechanical injury to mouse skin, which can be caused by tape stripping, results in rapid induction of IL-10 mRNA. IL-10–/– mice were used to examine the role of IL-10 in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis induced by epicutaneous (EC) sensitization with OVA on tape-stripped skin. Skin infiltration by eosinophils and expression of eotaxin, IL-4, and IL-5 mRNA in OVA-sensitized skin sites were severely diminished in IL-10–/– mice. Following in vitro stimulation with OVA, splenocytes from EC-sensitized IL-10–/– mice secreted significantly less IL-4, but significantly more IFN-γ, than splenocytes from WT controls. A similar skewing in cytokine secretion profile was observed in the splenocytes of IL-10–/– mice immunized intraperitoneally with OVA. IL-10–/– APCs skewed the in vitro response of OVA T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells towards Th1. Examination of the Th response of WT and IL-10–/– mice immunized with OVA-pulsed WT or IL-10–/– DCs revealed that both DCs and T cells participate in IL-10 skewing of the Th2 response in vivo. These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role in the Th2 response to antigen and in the development of skin eosinophilia in a murine model of allergic dermatitis.
Clenbuterol induces cardiac hypertrophy with normal functional, morphological and molecular features
Authors: Kit Wong, Kenneth R Boheler, Jill Bishop, Mario Petrou, Magdi H Yacoub
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Several pharmacological agents have been shown to produce 'physiological' or 'pathological' hypertrophy based on their functional characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine the features of cardiac hypertrophy induced by the selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol.Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in 7-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by daily injections of clenbuterol for 3 weeks. Thyroxine and isoproterenol were also used to produce cardiac hypertrophy to serve as positive controls for physiological and pathological hypertrophy, respectively. Left ventricular function was determined using an isolated rat heart preparation. Ventricular samples were used for morphological examination while interstitial collagen was measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase2a (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB) were measured by dot blot analysis.Clenbuterol treatment induced 26% left ventricular hypertrophy. These hearts demonstrated normal systolic isovolumic parameters and diastolic (active relaxation and passive stiffness) function. In addition, left ventricular concentration of collagen and morphology was normal as were the expression of SERCA2a and PLB mRNA.These results suggest that clenbuterol-induced hypertrophy is 'physiological' in terms of its function, extracellular structure and gene expression.
Supreme Court will rule on whether patents for BRAC1 and BRAC2 genes are valid
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Supreme Court is to decide whether isolated sequences of genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer may be patented, in a case with far reaching implications for genetic research and healthcare.

The case will decide the validity of US patents held by Myriad Genetics and the University of Utah Research Foundation on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which give them a monopoly on commercial screening for the genes, which can increase the risk of cancer.

The long running lawsuit has been brought by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Public Patent Foundation on behalf of the …
Homicides and suicides by mentally ill people
Authors: A. House
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The confidential inquiry into suicides and homicides by mentally ill people was set up in 1992 by Britain's Department of Health, following consultation with the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Its remit is to inquire into homicides and suicides committed by patients under the care of or recently discharged by, the specialist psychiatric services; to identify factors in the patients' management that might be related to the deaths; and to recommend preventive measures. A preliminary report on homicide was published in 1994,1 followed this year by the publication of the inquiry's first full reports.2

The inquiry identified cases by searching through the Home Office records for homicides committed by anyone in whom a previous psychiatric history was noted or who subsequently became the responsibility of the specialist services under the powers of the Mental Health Act 1983. Suicides were notified on a voluntary basis by district psychiatric audit representatives. In both cases, information was subsequently obtained by questionnaires mailed to the …
Spinal Manipulation: When Is It Appropriate?
Authors: Richard A. Deyo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Spinal Manipulation: When Is It Appropriate?Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhDMarc S. Micozzi, MD, PhDCollege of Physicians of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19103Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I agree with Dr. Deyo that the AHCPR guidelines are limited to acute low back pain, found many conventional medical treatments to be ineffective, and are lengthy and complex. I also concur that more research is needed. I appreciate his point of clarification about the lack of any formal technical cost-effectiveness analysis reported in the guideline. On reviewing the guidelines, I noted that they state that spinal manipulation relieves symptoms and improves function (while none of the other nonsurgical interventions offer both). A typical practitioner or patient may conclude that a manual (nonsurgical) treatment that works is more ...References1. Stano M. The economic role of chiropractic: further analysis of relative insurance costs for low back care. J Neuromusculoskel Syst. 1995;3:139. Google Scholar2. Jarvis KB, Phillips RB, Morris EK. Cost per case comparison of back injury claims of chiropractic vs. medical management for conditions with identical diagnostic codes. J Occup Med. 1991;33:847. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Johnson MR, Ferguson AC, Swank LL. Treatment and cost of back or neck injury: a literature review. Res Forum. 1985;65:68. Google Scholar4. Dean H, Schmidt R. A Comparison of the Cost of Chiropractors versus Alternative Medical Practitioners. Richmond, VA: Virginia Chiropractic Association; 1992. Google Scholar5. Rosner AL. Comparing the costs between provider types of episodes of back pain care [Letter]. Spine. 1995;20:2595. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Physicians of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA 19103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoComplementary Care: When Is It Appropriate? Who Will Provide It? Marc S. Micozzi Spinal Manipulation: When Is It Appropriate? Richard A. Deyo Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 238-239KeywordsChiropracticHealth care utilizationHealth insuranceLongitudinal studiesLower back painResearch fundingTreatment guidelines Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Quinin in Pneumonia.
Authors: R. F. Erdman
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New Richmond, Ohio, March 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In 1874 I read, at a meeting of the American Medical Society in Cincinnati, my translation of an article from "Volkmann's klinische Vorträge," written by Jurgenson in 1872, in which he advocates the use of large doses of quinin in the treatment of pneumonia in conjunction with cold water baths. He gave from 25 to 40 grains at one dose, or if this was not advisable owing to an idiosyncrasy of the patient, he divided the dose in three or four equal portions, giving each at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes, but so that the entire quantity was taken within an hour, or the reduction of temperature would not take place. I followed out this quinin treatment for two years, but found that it did not influence the course of pneumonia either favorably or otherwise, and it was often followed