tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pericentral Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy in Korean Patients
Authors: Dong Hoon Lee, Ronald B. Melles, Soo Geun Joe, Joo Yong Lee, June-Gone Kim, Chang-Keun Lee, Bin Yoo, Bon San Koo, Jee Taek Kim, Michael F. Marmor, Young Hee Yoon
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
Government-Subsidized Death and Disability
Authors: Weldon J. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE DEATH rate from coronary heart disease suddenly started a sharp decline in 1964 after rising steadily for several decades.<sup>1</sup>The onset of this decline in the leading cause of death in the United States coincided precisely with the Surgeon General's report on smoking and health in January 1964.<sup>2</sup>The decline is among the most dramatic reversals of a mortality trend in our nation's history. From 1950 to 1963, the age-adjusted death rate from coronary heart disease increased 19%. From 1963 to 1971 it fell 10.5%. The most striking reduction has occurred in the most productive years of life—25 to 74 years (Table). According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the decline is continuing. During each of the past four years, we have had the highest life expectancy ever attained in the United States, despite increased death rates from cancer, diabetes, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, cirrhosis of
Dose-Finding Efficacy and Safety Trial of House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablet, MK-8237, Using an Environmental Exposure Chamber
Authors: Hendrik Nolte, Jennifer Maloney, Harold S. Nelson, David I. Bernstein, Ziliang Li, Rene Zieglmayer, Petra U. Zieglmayer, Friedrich Horak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Natural Course of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: JOHN G. DEMAKIS, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, GEORGE C. SUTTON, W. ROBERT MEADOWS, PAUL B. SZANTO, JOHN R. TOBIN, ROLF M. GUNNAR
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Twenty-seven patients presented in the puerperium with cardiomegaly, abnormal `ECG, and congestive cardiac failure and were considered to have peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). The incidence of PPCM was significantly higher in women over 30 years of age, in women in their third or subsequent pregnancy, and in the presence of twins or toxemia. Within 6 months, 14 patients had normal sized hearts (group A), and 13 patients maintained cardiomegaly (group B). The 14 patients in group A have been followed for 3 to 21 years (average 10.7 years). Two have died of unrelated causes. Of the remaining 12, eight are functional class I and four are functional class II. Eight patients had 21 subsequent pregnancies, with no permanent deterioration of cardiac function. Of 13 patients in group B, 11 (85%) have died of congestive cardiac failure. Their average survival was 4.7 years; six of 11 were dead in 3 years. Their clinical course was punctuated by repeated admissions for congestive cardiac failure. Six had pulmonary emboli, one had a systemic embolus, and three of six patients with subsequent pregnancies deteriorated in the puerperium. Of the two surviving patients, one is functional class I and the other is functional class II. Therefore, in those patients in whom cardiomegaly persisted, the prognosis was poor, and subsequent pregnancies were likely to lead to permanent deterioration. In those in whom the heart size returned to normal the prognosis was excellent.
NARRATION
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Venous thromboprophylaxis in UK medical inpatients
Authors: S T Rashid, M R Thursz, N A Razvi, R Voller, T Orchard, A A Shlebak
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

We prospectively assessed the implementation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis guidelines and the impact of grand round presentation of the data in changing clinical practice. Two NHS teaching hospitals were studied for 24 months from January 2003. Patients were risk stratified according to the THRIFT (thromboembolic risk factor) consensus group guidelines and compared with the recommendations of the THRIFT and ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians) consensus groups. Six months following presentation of the initial results, a further analysis was made to assess changes in clinical practice. 1128 patients were assessed of whom 1062 satisfied the inclusion criteria for thromboprophylaxis. 89% of all patients were stratified as having high or moderate risk of developing VTE. Of these only 28% were prescribed some form of thromboprophylaxis–-4% received the THRIFT-recommended and 22% received the ACCP-recommended thromboprophylaxis. The vast majority (72%) received no thromboprophylaxis at all. Reassessment, following data presentation at grand rounds, showed a significant increase to 31% in patients receiving THRIFT (P<0.0001) and ACCP (P=0.002) recommended thromboprophylaxis. However, the proportion of patients receiving no form of prophylaxis barely changed (72% to 69%: P=0.59). We found a gross underutilization of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients. A simple grand-round presentation of the data and recommended guidelines to clinicians significantly increased the proportion of patients receiving recommended thromboprophylaxis but did not increase the overall proportion of patients receiving it. We therefore conclude that a single presentation of guidelines is not enough to achieve the desired levels. Such presentations may only serve to make DVT (deep venous thromboembolism) aware clinicians prescribe prophylaxis more accurately.
The inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26) is frequently accompanied by alterations of the RUNX1, KRAS and NRAS and NF1 genes and mediates adverse prognosis both in MDS and in AML: a study in 39 cases of MDS or AML
Authors: C Haferlach, U Bacher, T Haferlach, F Dicker, T Alpermann, W Kern, S Schnittger
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
THE EFFECT OF IRRITATION ON THE PERMEABILITY OF THE MENINGES FOR SALVARSAN
Authors: Edgar Stillman, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The subdural injection of normal salt solution, normal serum, serum salvarsanized in vivo or weak solutions of cyanide of mercury does not demonstrably increase the permeability of the spinal cord or brain for salvarsan which is circulating in the blood at the time of the subdural injection.
Electrocardiographic Imaging
Authors: Howard S. Oster, Bruno Taccardi, Robert L. Lux, Philip R. Ershler, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —A recent study demonstrated the ability of electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) to reconstruct, noninvasively, epicardial potentials, electrograms, and activation sequences (isochrones) generated by epicardial activation. The current study expands the earlier work to the three-dimensional myocardium and investigates the ability of ECGI to characterize intramural myocardial activation noninvasively and to relate it to the underlying fiber structure of the myocardium. This objective is motivated by the fact that cardiac excitation and arrhythmogenesis involve the three-dimensional ventricular wall and its anisotropic structure. Methods and Results —Intramural activation was initiated by pacing a dog heart in a human torso tank. Body surface potentials (384 electrodes) were used to compute epicardial potentials noninvasively. Accuracy of reconstructed epicardial potentials was evaluated by direct comparison to measured ones (134 electrodes). Protocols included pacing from five intramural depths. Epicardial potentials showed characteristic patterns (1) early in activation, central negative region with two flanking maxima aligned with the orientation of fibers at the depth of pacing; (2) counterclockwise rotation of positive potentials with time for epicardial pacing, clockwise rotation for subendocardial pacing, and dual rotation for midmyocardial pacing; and (3) central positive region for endocardial pacing. Noninvasively reconstructed potentials closely approximated these patterns. Reconstructed epicardial electrograms and epicardial breakthrough times closely resembled measured ones, demonstrating progressively later epicardial activation with deeper pacing. Conclusions —ECGI can noninvasively estimate the depth of intramyocardial electrophysiological events and provides information on the spread of excitation in the three-dimensional anisotropic myocardium on a beat-by-beat basis.
Prevalence of Diabetes in Chinese Adults—Reply
Authors: Yufang Bi, Yu Xu, Guang Ning
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The prevalence of diabetes cannot be compared directly between our study and the 2002 CNNHS due to different methods of data collection, diagnostic procedures, and statistical analyses. In the 2002 CNNHS, an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted only in those with a fasting plasma glucose level of 5.5 mmol/L or higher and HbA1c levels were not measured.1

In addition, the 2002 CNNHS used the 1999 World Health Organization criteria plus a self-reported history of diabetes treatment to define diabetes. In our study, the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria, which include fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, and HbA1c as well as self-reported diabetes, were used. Moreover, sampling weights, which should be used to account for complex survey designs, were not applied in the 2002 CNNHS.
A NEW COUPLER FOR RAPID INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS.
Authors: EVAN O'NEILL KANE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The variety of mechanical devices and stitches recommended for intestinal anastomosis is so great as to sufficiently prove all to be inadequate. The loss of one of my patients in whom I placed a Murphy button, on account of a plum skin occluding its small aperture like a valve, brought forcibly to my notice the danger in its employment. The loss of two others, however, in which I subjected them to the shock incident to prolonged exposure of the intestines during suturage with mauling and bruising and needle puncturing common in such cases, made me still unwilling to lay aside Murphy's contrivance. I began a series of experiments seeking to elaborate some device which would possess the advantages of the Murphy or the Frank button but with an aperture of ample dimensions and admitting of a larger and wider intestinal overlap. I determined, also, to do away with stitching of
Endothelin receptors: Receptor classification, novel receptor antagonists, and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Eliot H. Ohlstein, John D. Elliott, Giora Z. Feuerstein, Robert R. Ruffolo
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1996)

The development of endothelin receptor antagonists has progressed rapidly since the initial discovery of endothelin. Highly potent, orally active nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists have been identified, and are being used as pharmacological tools to elucidate the role of endothelin in pathological disorders. Subtype selective endothelin receptor antagonists will also be useful in understanding the physiological and pathological roles of the different subtypes of the endothelin receptors. The selectivity profile for the ideal endothelin receptor antagonist is presently unknown, and it may actually be that the optimal profile for a compound may depend on the clinical indication. In the near future, data from clinical trials with endothelin receptor antagonists will become available and will help to establish the role of endothelin in the etiology of human disease, as well as to provide valuable information concerning the optimum endothelin receptor subtype selectivity for antagonists needed for therapeutic agents.
What Do Hillary Rodham Clinton and Newt Gingrich Have in Common?
Authors: David F. Drake
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In a somewhat tongue-in-cheek style, this article tries to persuade conservatives that it might be in their best interests to consider broader health system reform alternatives in their quest to reduce the cost of federal health entitlements for a balanced budget by 2002. The conventional means for reducing the federal budget by $450 billion in 7 years will inflict much pain on many voters. The substitution of a new, more targeted entitlement, prospectively, for all Americans represents an alternative that provides much gain to many and only some pain to a few.
Interaction of the N-Ethylmaleimide–Sensitive Factor with AMPA Receptors
Authors: Insuk Song, Sunjeev Kamboj, Jun Xia, Hualing Dong, Dezhi Liao, Richard L Huganir
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Glutamate receptors mediate the majority of rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal development. Recently, protein–protein interactions with the C-terminal domain of glutamate receptor subunits have been shown to be involved in the modulation of receptor function and clustering at excitatory synapses. In this paper, we have found that the N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor (NSF), a protein involved in membrane fusion events, specifically interacts with the C terminus of the GluR2 and GluR4c subunits of AMPA receptors in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intracellular perfusion of neurons with a synthetic peptide that competes with the interaction of NSF and AMPA receptor subunits rapidly decreases the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), suggesting that NSF regulates AMPA receptor function.
The PHYTOCHROME C photoreceptor gene mediates natural variation in flowering and growth responses of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sureshkumar Balasubramanian, Sridevi Sureshkumar, Mitesh Agrawal, Todd P Michael, Carrie Wessinger, Julin N Maloof, Richard Clark, Norman Warthmann, Joanne Chory, Detlef Weigel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Ethiopian study shows urban children in areas three times as likely to survive to 18 than rural children
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A study in Ethiopia shows profound differences between the health outcomes of children born in urban and rural parts of sub-Saharan Africa, with urban areas conferring a big advantage ( Journal of Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology 2008 Sep 10, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00974.x).

This is thought to be the first occasion that a group of African children have been followed in detail from birth to adulthood, and it gives a useful insight into why only one in four such children survive until their 18th birthday.

The research identifies the hazards that face rural Ethiopian children, including death shortly after birth, risks from common infections such as malaria and pneumonia, and nutritional problems. Researchers …
Differential analysis of high-throughput quantitative genetic interaction data
Authors: Gordon J Bean, Trey Ideker
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Synthetic genetic arrays have been very effective at measuring genetic interactions in yeast in a high-throughput manner and recently have been expanded to measure quantitative changes in interaction, termed 'differential interactions', across multiple conditions. Here, we present a strategy that leverages statistical information from the experimental design to produce a novel, quantitative differential interaction score, which performs favorably compared to previous differential scores. We also discuss the added utility of differential genetic-similarity in differential network analysis. Our approach is preferred for differential network analysis, and our implementation, written in MATLAB, can be found at http://chianti.ucsd.edu/~gbean/compute_differential_scores.m .
NICE and SIGN given accreditation as guideline developers
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS Evidence has announced the first three organisations to be accredited under its new scheme to endorse guideline developers. NHS Evidence is a service that was introduced earlier this year by the Department of Health to facilitate access to reliable health and social care information in the United Kingdom.

The accreditation scheme is designed to make reliable and trusted sources of guidance easily recognisable to doctors trying to decide which guidelines to use in clinical practice. It awards a seal of approval (an accreditation mark) to guidance producers who comply with a defined set of criteria, reflecting that their guidance is robust.

NHS Evidence announced this week that it has accredited three organisations under the scheme: the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence centre for health technology evaluation (NICE CHTE), which …
Evaluation of coronary collateral development by regional myocardial function and reactive hyperaemia
Authors: M. FUJITA, D. P McKOWN, M. D McKOWN, J. W HARTLEY, D. FRANKLIN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The development of collateral vessels was induced by repeated brief left circumflex coronary artery occlusions in 11 conscious dogs. Subendocardial segment shortening in the central ischaemic area and the ischaemic marginal area and transmural wall thickening in the centre of the ischaemic area were measured together with circumflex coronary flow. Changes in regional myocardial function and reactive hyperaemia were determined daily. The rate of recovery of myocardial function after collateralisation was almost identical in both regions. Before myocardial contractility was restored reactive hyperaemia was greatly attenuated. These data strongly suggest that collateral flow is distributed uniformly over the ischaemic bed and that substantial areas of myocardial tissue at risk are salvaged from ischaemia as a result of effective collateral circulation.
Spleen haemorrhagic infarction and hazards of anticoagulation in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: T. PAPO, D. L. T. HUONG, J.-C. PIETTE, M. ANDRE, O. AUMAITRE, F. CHARLOTTE, J.-L. KEMENY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Cladribine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis often requires treatment with cyclophosphamide, which carries the risk of major side eVects including infection, ovarian failure and bladder malignancy.Therapeutic strategies that would specifically target lymphocytes are appealing.Following the first report of the use of the purine nucleoside analogue cladribine (2-chloro-2'deoxyadenosine), a selective lymphocyte depleting agent, in the treatment of lupus nephritis, 1 we report our experience in two patients with severe renal involvement.
Environmental exposure to chromium compounds in the valley of León, México.
Authors: M A Armienta-Hernández, R Rodríguez-Castillo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The effects on the environment and health of the operation of a chromate compounds factory and tanneries in the León valley in central México are discussed. Sampling and analysis of chromium were performed in water, soil, and human urine. Groundwater has been polluted in an area of about 5 km2 by the leaching of a solid factory waste, which results in concentrations up to 50 mg/l of hexavalent chromium. The plume shape and extension appear to be controlled by the prevailing well extraction regime. Total chromium was detected in the soil around the factory as a result of both aerial transport and deposition of dust produced in the chromate process and irrigation with tannery-contaminated water. Analysis of the impact of chromium in air and water on populations with various degrees of exposure revealed that highly harmful health effects were not observed.
The Correlates of an Abnormal First Heart Sound in Mitral-Valve-Prolapse Syndromes
Authors: Chuwa Tei, Pravin M. Shah, George Cherian, Maylene Wong, John A. Ormiston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In 52 patients with mitral-valve prolapse we studied the intensity of the first heart sound (S1) in relation to the timing of the prolapse and to the presence of leaflet tip coaptation. Sixteen normal subjects served as controls. With two-dimensional echocardiography, three distinct groups were identified. Sixteen patients had early systolic mitral prolapse coincident with initial mitral-leaflet coaptation at the S wave on electrocardiography. Twenty-one had middle to late systolic mitral prolapse. Fifteen had flail mitral leaflet without normal leaflet coaptation at the free margins. The intensity of S1 was expressed as the ratio of the S1 amplitude to that of the aortic component of the second heart sound. This ratio was greater in the patients with early prolapse (6.2 +/- 3.1, mean +/- S.D.) than in the controls (1.4 +/- 0.7) (P less than 0.01). The ratio was reduced in patients with flail valves (0.3 +/- 0.5) (P less than 0.01) and did not differ between patients with middle to late prolapse (1.3 +/- 0.6) and controls. We conclude that the amplitude of S1 may provide a clue to the type and timing of mitral-valve prolapse.
The Danger of X-Ray Exposures.
Authors: William Allen Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, Nov. 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. David L. Edsall's article inThe Journal, Nov. 3, 1906, so overstates, in my opinion, the dangers from<i>x</i>-ray exposures that it should not go without reply. Dr. Edsall's article begins with several paragraphs devoted to an implied criticism at the tardiness of the recognition of deep-seated effects of<i>x</i>-rays and at the purely empirical use of<i>x</i>-rays as a therapeutic agent His opening sentence is: "In its relation to medical practice, one of the most remarkable things about the<i>x</i>-ray is the tardiness with which there was any realization of its power of producing very marked changes in other tissues than those superficially situated. "X-rays were discovered November, 1895. To cite no other illustration, as long ago as the summer of 1897, W. Stone Scott reviewed the cases in which deep-seated effects were thought to have occurred from<i>x</i>-rays without corresponding
Fenofibrate lowers small low-density lipoprotein with no change in total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: H. Robert Superko, Sherna Madan, David Tonnemacher, Nicolas Chronos, Brenda Garrett, Dennis Sheehan, Elaine Raul, Steve Frohwein, Kenneth McGrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
TREATMENT OF HICCUPS
Authors: Albert F. Gigot
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Benign, self-limited hiccups are common phenomena experienced by almost everyone at some time or another. However, persistent hiccups may cause the victim great distress and be refractory to most treatments. Patients are first distressed, later endangered by persistent hiccups. Vomiting, acid-base and fluid imbalance, malnourishment, and exhaustion may follow. In the postoperative patient, wound dehiscence is an added danger. Methods of treatment from the simplest to the severest must be tried successively until relief is obtained. Because hiccups may be such a dangerous complication during and after surgery, this paper will review the experiences of others in addition to some of our own in the hope of achieving the best possible management of the problem. A hiccup is described by Smith<sup>1</sup>as a pathological respiratory reflex characterized by a clonic spasm of the diaphragm, which results in a sudden inspiration. This, in turn, is abruptly terminated by closure of