tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P34 Respiratory Team Leading Secondary Care Stop Smoking Service
Authors: W Preston, K Hennessy, E Williams
Journal: Thorax (2012)

There are over a billion smokers in the world and tobacco addiction is one of the biggest health treats for the world. Smoking tobacco kills half of its users and is estimated to cause up to one billion deaths in the 21<sup>st</sup> century (WHO, 2010). There is a public health drive to provide behavioural and medication support to reduce the amount of current smokers and prevent future smokers. Respiratory clinicians have an opportunity to lead change and facilitate services closer to patients; smoke cessation is the key evidence based treatment for COPD that will delay progression of disease (NICE, 2010). 15% of smokers will be diagnosed with COPD and alters the immune system; there is a 2.5 increased risk of contracting pneumonia, quadrupled risk of contracting tuberculosis (Bernhard, 2011). This case study identifies how a respiratory team have implemented a secondary care stop smoking service lead by a BTS Stop Smoking Champion. The service design is discussed, lessons learnt and results. An innovative model attracts tariff payment for in reach into schools, colleges and workplaces which in turn funds the inpatient service. The service has been operational for 24 months and has treated over 700 patients. Respiratory nurses and AHP’s are fully qualified advisers and facilitate provision with the help of a full time co-ordinator. Support is available on wards and in outpatient with follow up for at least 12 weeks, nicotine replacement therapy available for inpatients 24 hours per day. All pre-op patients receive carbon monoxide testing with an opt our referral system. Referral systems in place from A/E to outpatients. Evaluation has shown an average quit rate of 50%; 65% in COPD clinics with COPD CNS advisor. 14–18 year old complex smokers –20% quit rate and 85% in work place (routine and manual workers). NHS staff quit attempts have been consistently high (50%) with family groups also facilitated (80%). <h3>To conclude</h3> respiratory staff leading on stop smoking services has been beneficial and rewarding; implementation enhanced by credibility and status of BTS role.
Nurse prescribing is a success
Authors: A. Legge
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nurse prescribing has been deemed a success, according to the long awaited evaluation of the original eight pilot studies.

Although the economic data from the evaluation are inconclusive, the safety, efficacy, and improved working practices arising from allowing nurses to prescribe from a limited formulary has been proved, the report concludes. A better idea of whether nurse prescribing costs more, less, or the same as GP prescribing will come from a roll out of one of the original pilot studies in …
245. AAV2/8-Mediated Efficacy and Immune Tolerance in a Pompe Disease Mouse Model
Authors: S. D. Bercury, R. J. Ziegler, C. M. Barbon, D. Souza, D. Armentano, B. L. Thurberg, T. Taksir, H. Do, M. Trout, N. Raben, S. H. Cheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Pompe disease is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid -glucosidase (GAA). The disease is characterized by accumulation of glycogen in various tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous systems, but the pathology most dramatically affects skeletal and cardiac muscles. Severely affected patients present within the first year of life with hypotonia and cardiomyopathy, resulting in death from cardiopulmonary failure. To assess the utility of gene therapy for Pompe disease, we generated recombinant AAV8-based serotype vectors encoding for GAA under the transcriptional control of a liver-restricted promoter (DC190). Systemic administration of 5X1011 drp of AAV8/DC190-GAA into Pompe mice generated high levels (25-30 g/ml) of GAA in the serum that persisted for 6 months post-administration. GAA activity was also detected in several muscle groups isolated from the AAV8-treated mice, indicating that GAA was efficiently taken up into these tissues from circulation. Glycogen storage was completely corrected in the heart and diaphragm and reduced by 50% in the skeletal muscles as early as 4 weeks post-treatment. All tissues were completely cleared of glycogen storage by 10 weeks, and remained at baseline at the 6-month time point. Histomorphometric analysis of PAS-stained tissues confirmed that glycogen deposits were effectively cleared from the affected tissues. Histopathology observed in the dorsal root ganglia of Pompe mice was also normalized suggesting that treatment may impact the peripheral nerve disease. Consistent with previous studies using the DC190 promoter, no antibodies to the human GAA were detected in the sera of AAV8/DC190-GAA-treated mice. Furthermore, no antibodies were generated following two subsequent challenges with recombinant GAA emulsified in Complete Freund's adjuvant, suggesting the AAV8/DC190-GAA-treated mice were immune tolerized. Immune responses were also assessed at the cellular level by assaying lymphocyte proliferation and IFN secretion using cells harvested from the spleens of the treated mice. Cells from the AAV8/DC190-GAA-treated mice showed an attenuated response to antigenic stimulation compared to controls. These data support the continued evaluation of AAV8-mediated gene therapy as an approach to treat the systemic manifestations of Pompe disease.
Spate of Lawsuits May Finally Find Chink in Tobacco Industry's 'Impenetrable Armor'
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

RIGHT ABOUT NOW, leaders of the tobacco industry may be feeling a bit like the Egyptians of Exodus, wondering what plague will befall them next. Last year was full of public relations disasters—including the widely publicized testimony the industry's top leaders gave under oath before Congress in which they claimed not to believe smoking is addictive or causes any illness. Although the tobacco industry has been buoyed by the Republican Party's assumption of power in Congress—with the promise that similar embarrassment will not recur—it now faces a new plague of state and federal lawsuits and adverse court rulings that tobacco control proponents say may finally open a chink in the armor that for decades has protected it from liability for millions of smoking-related illnesses and deaths. The tobacco industry boasts that it never had to pay out a dime in any of the hundreds of lawsuits brought against it by
Medicine in Transition
Authors: Charles P. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Undeniably, medicine is in transition. Dr. Gladston has produced a remarkably perceptive, objective analysis of the problem "Whither medicine?" In an incisive opening chapter the breadth and complexity of the issues impelling transition are set in historical perspective. He states, "Medicine is less the master in its own house and is to a lesser degree the captain of its own destiny now than... ever... in its long history," and then he admonishes medicine to perceive its future by viewing "its own destinies in the perspective of the larger social dynamics," rather than looking only to matters internal to medicine. The important role of economics, the socioeconomic structure and the prevailing temper of the community are recognized and analyzed—in both a macroeconomic sense and a microeconomic view of the hospital, the medical practitioner, and the drug industry. Galdston draws attention to the important distinction between medical economics, over which the physician
Management of Complications in Eye Surgery
Authors: Herbert E. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT The second edition of  in Eye  like the first, is generally excellent. This work has the disadvantage that many authors with different approaches write individual chapters and each chapter is a summary of the author's clinical experience rather than a complete survey of the field. In the main, however, the authors are recognized authorities whose opinions would be contested by very few. This compendium brings together a series of excellent descriptions of surgical procedures and techniques as well as their complications. The material cannot easily be found elsewhere and provides a valuable clinical reference in ophthalmic surgery.Many of the chapters are nearly identical with those in the previous edition, but some, such as Photocoagulation and Retinal Detachment, are quite new. Others, such as that by Berke on Complications in Ptosis Surgery, are extremely similar to those of the previous edition. Yet they present an extremely authoritative, concise
Measurement of epidermal moisture content by magnetic resonance imaging: assessment of a hydration cream
Authors: F. FRANCONI, S. AKOKA, J. GUESNET, J. M. BARET, D. DERSIGNY, B. BREDA, C. MULLER, P. BEAU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Summary The moisture content of the epidermis was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using transverse relaxation time. The spatial resolution was 86 μm, allowing a quantitative, accurate and localized determination of variations in epidermal hydration. The wrists of 15 volunteers were studied before and after application of a hydration cream. Results showed an increase of 15% of epidermal T2 after application of the cream. Moisture content curves varied according to different degrees of skin dryness. This study demonstrates that MRI is a useful tool in evaluation of epidermal hydration.
Polyneuropathy After Mechanical Ventilation-Reply
Authors: Frans S. S. Leijten
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Teener and colleagues for their remarks. The list of nervous system afflictions in critical illness is still growing. Although critical illness polyneuropathy seems to be the most common peripheral nervous system disorder, one should always be aware of other possibilities. In particular, conventional EMG in the intensive care unit setting may underestimate myopathy. Nevertheless, we do not think our series of patients had acute quadriplegic myopathy, which has been reported in patients receiving a combination of curaromimetics and high-dose corticosteroids.<sup>1-3</sup>Three patients received high-dose prednisolone, but only moderate amounts of vecuronium (for 2, 6, and 7 days). In two of them, prednisolone was given weeks after discontinuation of vecuronium and the development of tetraparesis. The one surviving patient had a clear clinical picture of polyneuropathy, including distal sensory disturbances. Early recruitment in needle EMG was not found. It remains uncertain whether, in a series
Feasible HCV targets in Egypt
Authors: James Jansson, David P Wilson
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Romulus Breban and colleagues (September issue) present modelling results of hepatitis C virus (HCV) interventions in Egypt. They suggest focusing interventions on people who regularly receive medical injections to achieve the greatest epidemiological eff ect on HCV transmission. However, we believe that universal treatment at 2·5 or even 15 years after infection (as presented in figure 5) is highly ambitious, as it would necessitate immediate identification and treatment of most of the people living with hepatitis C in Egypt. This process would demand substantial resources and the removal of many practical barriers. Although the proposed treatment coverage of the core group seems to be achievable, we would like to see the focused intervention analysed with more realistic general levels of treatment coverage to guide operational implementation. Breban and colleagues previously reported that the prevalence of HCV in people younger than 50 years in Egypt fell substantially between 1996 and 2004. This finding implies the HCV-infected population is ageing and that age is highly important in the progression of the epidemic, aff ecting future prevalence and thus continuing transmission. Decreasing prevalence is supported by evidence of falling HCV seroprevalence among blood donors, from 17·7% in 2000 to 7·6% in 2007. In Breban and colleagues’ modelling analysis, incidence was estimated from earlier data (2001–06) and age eff ects were excluded. As a result, the basic reproduction numbers calculated by Breban and colleagues might be overestimates, suggesting that less ambitious interventions might be suffi cient to control the HCV epidemic.
"Cipromania" and "Superclean" Homes Are Now Increasing Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of hyperthyroidism on glycerol-extracted cardiac muscle from rabbits
Authors: C. L. SKELTON, J. Y. SU, P. E. POOL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

The mechanism responsible for the enhancement of myocardial contractility in hyperthyroidism is unclear. The possibility that this mechanism may involve a direct effect on the contractile proteins was investigated using the glycerol-extracted muscle strip from right ventricular papillary muscles of euthyroid rabbits and rabbits made hyperthyroid by the intraperitoneal injection of 0.25 mg/kg 1-thyroxine for 10 d. Intact papillary muscles from the hyperthyroid rabbits had an enhanced rate of tension development, a decreased time to peak tension, and a slight though insignificant increase in active tension compared to control animals. Maximal isometric contractions were induced in glycerol-extracted cardiac muscle strips from the two animal groups by the addition of 5 mmol/litre ATP and 5 mmol/litre MgCl in a buffer solution containing 0.15 mol/litre Tris-HCl (pH 7.1) at 26 degrees C. Peak isometric tension was increased in glycerinated muscle strips from hyperthyroid rabbits (1.52+/-0.10 vs 1.26 +/-0.13g/mm2), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a marked increase in the rate of tension development in the hyperthyroid group (62.5+/-5.4 vs 41.8+/-4.7 mg/mm-2/s, P less than 0.01). This increase in the rate of isometric tension development in both intact and glycerinated muscles from hyperthyroid rabbits may be related to changes in the intrinsic turnover of actomyosin cross-bridge links in this condition. Thus, these findings suggest that thyroid hormone may influence cardiac muscle function by a direct effect on the contractile proteins.
Effects of Exenatide on Measures of β-Cell Function After 3 Years in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mathijs C. Bunck, Anja Cornér, Bjorn Eliasson, Robert J. Heine, Rimma M. Shaginian, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Ulf Smith, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Michaela Diamant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE We previously showed that exenatide (EXE) enhanced insulin secretion after 1 year of treatment, relative to insulin glargine (GLAR), with a similar glucose-lowering action. These effects were not sustained after a 4-week off-drug period. This article reports the results after additional 2 years of exposure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-nine metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to EXE or GLAR. Forty-six patients entered the 2-year extension study in which they continued their allocated therapy. Thirty-six completed (EXE: n = 16; GLAR: n = 20) the 3-year exposure period. Insulin sensitivity (M value) and β-cell function were measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp followed by hyperglycemic clamp with arginine stimulation at pretreatment (week 52) and 4 weeks after discontinuation of study medication (week 56 and week 172). First-phase glucose stimulated C-peptide secretion was adjusted for M value and calculated as the disposition index (DI). RESULTS At 3 years, EXE and GLAR resulted in similar levels of glycemic control: 6.6 ± 0.2% and 6.9 ± 0.2%, respectively (P = 0.186). EXE compared with GLAR significantly reduced body weight (−7.9 ± 1.8 kg; P &amp;lt; 0.001). After the 4-week off-drug period, EXE increased the M value by 39% (P = 0.006) while GLAR had no effect (P = 0.647). Following the 4-week off-drug period, the DI, compared with pretreatment, increased with EXE, but decreased with GLAR (1.43 ± 0.78 and −0.99 ± 0.65, respectively; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS EXE and GLAR sustained HbA1c over the 3-year treatment period, while EXE reduced body weight and GLAR increased body weight. Following the 3-year treatment with EXE, the DI was sustained after a 4-week off-drug period. These findings suggest a beneficial effect on β-cell health.
761 PERIPHERAL AND SPLANCHNIC INDOLE AND OXINDOLE LEVELS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS: A STUDY ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: L. Ridola, G. Mannaioni, S. Angeloni, M. Merli, V. Carla', F. Salvatori, F. Moroni, O. Riggio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
ASSOCIATION OF HUB AND SPOKE PRACTICE PATTERNS WITH CORONARY INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES IN NON ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (NSTE ACS): INSIGHTS FROM THE EARLY GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITION IN NSTE ACS (EARLY-ACS) TRIAL
Authors: Olga Toleva, Cynthia M. Westerhout, Manohara Senaratne, Christoph Bode, Magnus Lindroos, Diego Ardissino, Vitaly A. Sulimov, Gilles Montalescot, L Kristin Newby, Robert P. Giugliano, Frans Van de Werf, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coronary Disease in Women: Evidence-Based Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Joshua Wynne, Susan I. Farkas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 May 2004Coronary Disease in Women: Evidence-Based Diagnosis and TreatmentJoshua Wynne, MD, MBA, MPH and Susan I. Farkas, MDJoshua Wynne, MD, MBA, MPHFrom Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, Michigan.Search for more papers by this author and Susan I. Farkas, MDFrom Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Shaw LJ, Redberg RF, eds. 431 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2004. $99.50. ISBN 08960309587. Order phone 973-256-1699.Field of medicine: Cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD), and women's health.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians and cardiologists.Purpose: To provide clinicians with a “clinical management approach to the care of women with known or suspected coronary artery disease,” emphasizing “an evidence-based approach.”Content: This multiauthored text comprises 26 chapters that are grouped into 3 broad categories: About a third of the book is an overview of the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in women; almost half the book focuses ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Oakwood Hospital and Medical Center, Dearborn, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 May 2004Volume 140, Issue 9Page: 768KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyClinical trial reportingHealth economicsHormone replacement therapyObstetrics and gynecologyPatientsPrimary care physiciansSoftware toolsStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 4 May 2004 Issue Published: 4 May 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Relative Risk of Attention Deficits in Siblings of Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Michael F. Egan, Terry E. Goldberg, Tonya Gscheidle, Mary Weirich, Lewellyn B. Bigelow, Daniel R. Weinberger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Impaired attention has frequently been observed in studies of unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia. To assess the suitability of impaired attention for use as an intermediate phenotype in genetic studies, the authors estimated the relative risk of impaired attention in a large group of siblings.The authors used the Continuous Performance Test, 1-9 version, with and without a distraction condition, to study 147 patients with schizophrenia, 193 of their siblings, and 47 normal comparison subjects. Relative risk (l) was estimated by using cutoff scores that were one, two, and three standard deviations below the mean sensitivity index value (d cent) of the normal comparison group in both Continuous Performance Test conditions.Patients but not their siblings performed worse than the normal comparison subjects in both conditions. Fifty percent of the patients, 24% of their siblings, and 18% of the normal comparison subjects scored one standard deviation below the mean score of the comparison group for the more difficult distraction version of the Continuous Performance Test. The patients with Continuous Performance Test scores one standard deviation below the mean score of the comparison group had a total of 97 siblings. Compared with the comparison group, this subgroup of siblings had significantly lower Continuous Performance Test scores. Relative risk was also significantly higher for the siblings of patients whose scores were one standard deviation (l=2. 1) and two standard deviations (l=3.3) below the mean of comparison subjects. Attempts to assess ascertainment bias suggest that this may be an underestimate.Poor performance on the Continuous Performance Test appears to be familial and, possibly, genetic. Relative risk estimates were in the moderate range. Given the ease of administering the Continuous Performance Test, the use of impaired attention as an intermediate phenotype could increase the power of genetic studies of schizophrenia.
Genes in the High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolic Pathway in Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Ke Liu, Li Jia Chen, Timothy Y.Y. Lai, Pancy O.S. Tam, Mary Ho, Sylvia W.Y. Chiang, David T.L. Liu, Alvin L. Young, Zhenglin Yang, Chi Pui Pang
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)