tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Hypercapnic Acidosis on Ventilator-induced Lung Injury
Authors: ALAIN F. BROCCARD, JOHN R. HOTCHKISS, CHRISTINE VANNAY, MICHELE MARKERT, ALAIN SAUTY, FRANÇOIS FEIHL, MARIE-DENISE SCHALLER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

To investigate whether respiratory acidosis modulates ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), we perfused (constant flow) 21 isolated sets of normal rabbit lungs, ventilated them for 20 min (pressure controlled ventilation [PCV] = 15 cm H2O) (Baseline) with an inspired CO2 fraction adjusted for the partial pressure of CO2 in the perfusate (Pco 2 ≅ 40 mm Hg), and then randomized them into three groups. Group A (control: n = 7) was ventilated with PCV = 15 cm H2O for three consecutive 20-min periods (T1, T2, T3). In Group B (high PCV / normocapnia; n = 7), PCV was given at 20 (T1), 25 (T2), and 30 (T3) cm H2O. The targeted Pco 2 was 40 mm Hg in Groups A and B. Group C (high PCV / hypercapnia; n = 7) was ventilated in the same way as Group B, but the targeted Pco 2 was ≅ 70 to 100 mm Hg. The changes (from Baseline to T3) in weight gain ( Δ WG: g) and in the ultrafiltration coefficient ( ΔK f = gr / min / cm H2O / 100g) and the protein and hemoglobin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were used to assess injury. Group B experienced a significantly greater Δ WG (14.85 ± 5.49 [mean ± SEM] g) and ΔK f (1.40 ± 0.49 g / min / cm H2O / 100 g) than did either Group A ( Δ WG = 0.70 ± 0.43; ΔK f = 0.01 ± 0.03) or Group C ( Δ WG = 5.27 ± 2.03 g; ΔK f = 0.25 ± 0.12 g / min / cm H2O / 100 g). BALF protein and hemoglobin concentrations (g / L) were higher in Group B (11.98 ± 3.78 g / L and 1.82 ± 0.40 g / L, respectively) than in Group A (2.92 ± 0.75 g / L and 0.38 ± 0.15 g / L) or Group C (5.71 ± 1.88 g / L and 1.19 ± 0.32 g / L). We conclude that respiratory acidosis decreases the severity of VILI in this model.Keywords: respiratory acidosis; hypercapnia; mechanical ventilation; acute lung injury; rabbits
Differences between rabbit sinoatrial pacemakers in their response to Mg, Ca and temperature
Authors: T. O. HOF, A. J C MACKAAY, W. K BLEEKER, H. J JONGSMA, L. N BOUMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

The rabbit sinoatrial node is functionally inhomogeneous with respect to its response to changes in Mg concentration (0.6 to 6.0 mmol X litre-1) and in Ca concentration (1.1 to 2.2 mmol X litre-1) and to changes in experimental temperature (30 to 38 degrees C). High Mg (6.0 mmol X litre-1) stabilises the position of the leading pacemaker. This pacemaker decelerates under high Mg, but the subsidiary ones decelerate even more. Consequently when a subsidiary pacemaker turns dominant--eg under low Ca or at low temperature--an enhanced chronotropic response to high Mg is observed. The superior (cranial) part of the rabbit sinoatrial node is more responsive to changes in Ca concentration than the inferior (caudal) part. The same holds true for changes in temperature.
Treatment of Esophageal (Noncardiac) Chest Pain: An Expert Review
Authors: Enrique Coss–Adame, Askin Erdogan, Satish S.C. Rao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Chest pain is a common and frightening symptom. Once cardiac disease has been excluded, an esophageal source is most likely. Pathophysiologically, gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal dysmotility, esophageal hypersensitivity, and anxiety disorders have been implicated. However, treatment remains a challenge. Here we examined the efficacy and safety of various commonly used modalities for treatment of esophageal (noncardiac) chest pain (ECP) and provided evidence-based recommendations.
ACCF/SCAI/AATS/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2012 Appropriate Use Criteria for Diagnostic Catheterization
Authors: Manesh R. Patel, Steven R. Bailey, Robert O. Bonow, Charles E. Chambers, Paul S. Chan, Gregory J. Dehmer, Ajay J. Kirtane, L. Samuel Wann, R. Parker Ward
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Reporting of Anticonvulsant Blood Levels
Authors: William E. Karnes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by McDanal and Bolman (231:1063, 1975) presents a psychotic reaction to phenytoin (formerly diphenylhydantoin) that they conclude was an idiosyncratic reaction because blood levels of phenytoin were low. Unfortunately, there is as yet no generally agreed standard way of reporting anticonvulsant blood levels. Most laboratories report the levels as indicated by McDanal and Bolman in μg/mg, but others, including our own, continue to report the levels in mg/100 ml. This can lead to obvious confusion both on the part of the reporter as well as on the part of the reader. For example, the therapeutic range of phenytoin is indicated by the authors to be 10μg to 15μg/ml, which is the same as 1 to 1.5 mg/100 ml. Confusion in making this transposition led to erroneous statements, for example, in the 1969<i>Physician's Desk Reference</i>, concerning therapeutic and toxic levels of phenytoin, in which a
Ankylosing spondylitis and monoclonal gammopathies.
Authors: G Renier, J C Renier, M Gardembas-Pain, A Chevailler, M Boasson, D Hurez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

From 1960 to 1990, 557 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (428 men, 129 women) were diagnosed and indexed in the department of rheumatology. Monoclonal gammopathies were found in seven (five men, two women) patients (1.3%). With one exception, ankylosing spondylitis preceded monoclonal gammopathies by many years. The distribution of the isotypes of the mIg found in these seven patients was striking when compared either with previous reports of an association between ankylosing spondylitis and monoclonal gammopathies or with local data on the epidemiology of monoclonal gammopathies: five patients with IgG, four of them of the lambda (lambda) type, and two IgM, both of the kappa (kappa) type were found; no patients with mIgA were recorded. Two patients were HLA-B27 positive and had slight and transient monoclonal gammopathies, whereas three subjects were HLA-B27 negative and had important spikes, corresponding in two subjects to malignant diseases. This observation raises the question of whether the coexistence of HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis might provide a protective action. Epidemiological studies are required to clarify such points.
Complications in Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology
Authors: Anthony W. Stanson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This splendid work places within reach a single reference source for the many issues of patient management and potential complications in the currently evolved practice of radiology. It includes not only complications related to the wide range of interventional procedures, but also the elements of biologic risk inherent in the use of isotopes and diagnostic equipment such as fluoroscopes, computed tomography scanners, ultrasound machines, magnetic resonance imagers, and even different types of lasers. Many examples of technique are presented, and preventive measures are emphasized throughout. In this expanded and updated version, the two editors from the United Kingdom of the previous edition are joined by two new US editors. Additionally, there are 71 contributors from the United Kingdom and the United States, and one each from Ireland and Australia. All have made excellent contributions, and the improvement in quality between editions is great. The text's five sections contain a total
Is Duplex Ultrasonography Useful for the Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Arteritis?
Authors: Carlo Salvarani, Mauro Silingardi, Angelo Ghirarduzzi, Giovanni Lo Scocco, PierLuigi Macchioni, GianLuigi Bajocchi, Marco Vinceti, Fabrizio Cantini, Ido Iori, Luigi Boiardi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Evidence of a dark halo on ultrasonography has been considered a specific sign of giant-cell arteritis and may replace temporal artery biopsy for the diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis in patients with typical clinical manifestations. Objective: To assess the usefulness of temporal artery duplex ultrasonography and to compare this mode of ultrasonography with physical examination of temporal arteries for the diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis in patients with suspected giant-cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica. Design: Diagnostic test study. Setting: Several divisions of Reggio Emilia Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy. Patients: 86 consecutive patients with a suspected diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica identified over a 22-month period. Measurements: The temporal arteries were examined in all 86 patients. Duplex ultrasonography of the temporal arteries was then performed by two ultrasonographers who were unaware of the clinical diagnosis. Before corticosteroid therapy was started, temporal artery biopsies were performed in all patients at the site targeted by the ultrasonographer. Results: A hypoechoic halo around the lumen of the temporal arteries had a sensitivity of only 40% (95% CI, 16% to 68%) and a specificity of 79% (CI, 68% to 88%) for the diagnosis of biopsy-proven giant-cell arteritis. The negative likelihood ratio was 0.8 (CI, 0.5 to 1.2), and the positive likelihood ratio was 1.9 (CI, 0.9 to 4.1). When the thickness of the halo was at least 1 mm, specificity increased to 93% (CI, 84% to 98%) and the positive likelihood ratio increased to 5.7 (CI, 2.0 to 16.2); however, sensitivity remained low at 40% (CI, 16% to 68%). On physical examination, temporal artery abnormalities had a higher sensitivity of 67% (CI, 38% to 88%), a higher specificity of 99% (CI, 92% to 100%), and a higher positive likelihood ratio of 47.3 (CI, 6.5 to 342.4) than did ultrasonographic findings. None of the patients with giant-cell arteritis had a normal temporal artery inspection and a hypoechoic halo on ultrasonography. Conclusion: Evidence on ultrasonography of a halo around temporal arteries, either any halo or a halo 1 mm or greater in thickness, only modestly increased the probability of biopsy-proven giant-cell arteritis but did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of a careful physical examination.
Blood serum atherogenicity associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Evidence for nonlipid factor providing atherogenicity of low-density lipoproteins and an approach to its elimination.
Authors: A N Orekhov, V V Tertov, S N Pokrovsky, None Adamova IYu, O N Martsenyuk, A A Lyakishev, V N Smirnov
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To reveal the presence of atherogenic potential in the blood serum obtained from patients with angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis we used primary cultures of subendothelial cells isolated by collagenase from unaffected human aortic intima. Earlier, we have demonstrated that such cultures are made up mostly of typical and modified smooth muscle cells. Within 24 hours of cultivation with a 40% sera of patients suffering from coronary atherosclerosis, the total intracellular cholesterol level increased twofold to fivefold. Cultivation with the sera of healthy subjects had no effect on the intracellular cholesterol level. The sera of patients were separated by ultracentrifugation into two fractions: total lipoprotein fraction containing the main classes of lipoproteins and a lipoprotein-deficient fraction. The former, but not the lipoprotein-deficient fraction, was characterized by atherogenicity (i.e., the ability to induce the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol). Lipoproteins of the patients' serum were separated into main classes: low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3). An atherogenic component of the serum capable of stimulating the deposition of intracellular cholesterol was represented by LDL and, in one case, by VLDL, but not by other classes of lipoproteins. LDL and other lipoproteins isolated from the blood serum of healthy subjects failed to raise the cholesterol content in cultured cells; that is, they were nonatherogenic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Light sensitivity in mycosis fungoides
Authors: G. VOLDEN, P.O. THUNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Because of suspected photosensitivity, twelve patients suffering from mycosis fungoides have been phototested with various wavebands. Four patients experienced a burning sensation and erythema following sun-exposure, after the disease had progressed to stage II. On phototesting, abnormal reactions were observed in 7 patients. The offending wavebands were situated mostly in the UVA range, but also in the UVB range and in visible light.
Capsaicin responsiveness in asthma and COPD
Authors: P V DICPINIGAITIS
Journal: Thorax (2001)

I read with interest the study by Doherty et al 1 in which cough reflex sensitivity in asthmatic subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was examined. The authors found that subjects with asthma were more sensitive to the tussive agent capsaicin than were normal subjects and, furthermore, that capsaicin sensitivity was related to the subjective assessment of symptomatic cough. They concluded that an enhanced cough reflex is an important contributor to cough in asthma.

I wish to share my own experience in this field, which has led me to a somewhat different conclusion. In …
The Dawn of the Molecular Era of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Olatoyosi Odenike, Michelle M. Le Beau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell diseases characterized by cytopenias, dysplasia in one or more of the myeloid cell lines, ineffective hematopoiesis, and an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia.1 These diseases exhibit considerable clinical heterogeneity, with variation in the likelihood of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia and in overall survival.2,3 The diagnosis and classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes are established according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, which succeeded the French–American–British (FAB) Cooperative Group criteria a decade ago. The WHO classification system incorporates bone marrow histologic findings, blast count, and cytogenetic findings, thus . . .
Abstract 4690: PARP inhibition increases sensitivity to cisplatin in ERCC1-low non-small cell lung cancers
Authors: Haiying Cheng, Zhenfeng Zhang, Alain Borczuk, Charles A. Powell, Balazs Halmos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Platinum compounds are the foundation of chemotherapy regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but nevertheless response rates are disappointing and response duration is limited. Tumor expression of ERCC1, a key enzyme in nucleotide excision repair, may correlate with clinical response to platinum agents. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), enzymes essential for base excision repair, enhances platinum sensitivity in BRCA-associated breast and ovarian cancers. We hypothesized that combining PARP inhibition with platinum compounds for tumors with low ERCC1 expression, may be an approach to optimize platinum-based therapy for NSCLC. In primary lung tumor specimens and NSCLC cell lines, PARP1 was found to be a mainly nuclear protein with higher expression in tumor cells as compared to normal counterparts. Drug combination experiments revealed that olaparib (PARP inhibitor) selectively synergized with cisplatin in ERCC1-low HCC827 and PC9 but not in ERCC1-high A549 and H157 lung cancer cells. Similar data were obtained with an alternative PARP inhibitor, veliparib (ABT-888). Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ERCC1 in ERCC1-high A549 and H157 cells increased sensitivities of both cisplatin and olaparib. Mechanistic studies further indicated that PARP inhibition alone or in combination with cisplatin led to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, via activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathways involving γH2AX, checkpoint kinase 1 and p53. These data suggest that there is a synthetically lethal relationship between PARP inhibition and ERCC1 loss in NSCLC that could be exploited for novel therapeutic approaches in lung cancer therapy based on tumor ERCC1 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4690
"Bronchodilator" action of deptropine citrate with and without isoprenaline by inhalation.
Authors: M. C. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The pharmacological properties of 3-(10,ll-dihydro-5H dibenzo (a, d) cyclohepten-5-yloxy)-tropane citrate (BS 6987, now known as deptropine citrate or Brontina) have been described by Funcke et al. (1962). These authors found that deptropine citrate protected animals against experimental bronchospasm. They also found that it was active after both parenteral and oral administration, and that it had antihistamine and some atropine-like properties. After these laboratory investigations Scherrer (1962) treated 11 asthmatic patients with intramuscular deptropine citrate (1 to 2 mg. daily). He made a number of physiological measurements before treatment and at intervals after treatment, including vital capacity, indirect M.B.C., pneumotachogram, and lung com pliance. Although the response varied greatly in individual patients he concluded that an intramuscular injection of 2 to 3 mg. of deptropine citrate resulted in a bronchodilatory effect, and that this effect was usually maximal two to six hours after the injection.
Integration and Long-Term Expression in Xenografted Human Glioblastoma Cells Using a Plasmid-Based Transposon System
Authors: John R. Ohlfest, Paul D. Lobitz, Scott G. Perkinson, David A. Largaespada
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene therapy has the potential to become an effective component of cancer treatment by transferring genes that cause immunomodulation or tumor cell death or that inhibit angiogenesis into tumor cells or tumor-associated stroma. Viral vectors have been the primary gene transfer vehicles used for intratumoral gene transfer to date. Plasmid-based vectors may be safer and more scalable than viral vectors. However, attempts at plasmid-based intratumoral gene transfer have been met with transient expression and poor gene transfer efficiency. Here we report integration and long-term expression of reporter genes in human glial tumors, growing in nude mice, using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. A two-plasmid system was used, in which linear polyethylenimine was complexed with a GFP, NEO, or luciferase transposon plasmid and a SB transposase-expressing plasmid. SB-mediated transposition led to chromosomal integration of the NEO transgene in roughly 8% of tumor cells. SB-mediated insertions were cloned from the genomes of glial tumor cells to provide molecular proof of transposase-mediated integration. Luciferase studies showed that SB facilitated long-term expression of the transgene in glial tumors. SB-mediated intratumoral gene transfer is a novel, nonviral technique that could be used to augment conventional therapy for glioblastoma or other cancers.
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project
Authors: John Lonsdale, Jeffrey Thomas, Mike Salvatore, Rebecca Phillips, Edmund Lo, Saboor Shad, Richard Hasz, Gary Walters, Fernando Garcia, Nancy Young, Barbara Foster, Mike Moser, Ellen Karasik, Bryan Gillard, Kimberley Ramsey, Susan Sullivan, Jason Bridge, Harold Magazine, John Syron, Johnelle Fleming, Laura Siminoff, Heather Traino, Maghboeba Mosavel, Laura Barker, Scott Jewell, Dan Rohrer, Dan Maxim, Dana Filkins, Philip Harbach, Eddie Cortadillo, Bree Berghuis, Lisa Turner, Eric Hudson, Kristin Feenstra, Leslie Sobin, James Robb, Phillip Branton, Greg Korzeniewski, Charles Shive, David Tabor, Liqun Qi, Kevin Groch, Sreenath Nampally, Steve Buia, Angela Zimmerman, Anna Smith, Robin Burges, Karna Robinson, Kim Valentino, Deborah Bradbury, Mark Cosentino, Norma Diaz-Mayoral, Mary Kennedy, Theresa Engel, Penelope Williams, Kenyon Erickson, Kristin Ardlie, Wendy Winckler, Gad Getz, David DeLuca, Daniel MacArthur, Manolis Kellis, Alexander Thomson, Taylor Young, Ellen Gelfand, Molly Donovan, Yan Meng, George Grant, Deborah Mash, Yvonne Marcus, Margaret Basile, Jun Liu, Jun Zhu, Zhidong Tu, Nancy J Cox, Dan L Nicolae, Eric R Gamazon, Hae Kyung Im, Anuar Konkashbaev, Jonathan Pritchard, Matthew Stevens, Timothèe Flutre, Xiaoquan Wen, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Tuuli Lappalainen, Roderic Guigo, Jean Monlong, Michael Sammeth, Daphne Koller, Alexis Battle, Sara Mostafavi, Mark McCarthy, Manual Rivas, Julian Maller, Ivan Rusyn, Andrew Nobel, Fred Wright, Andrey Shabalin, Mike Feolo, Nataliya Sharopova, Anne Sturcke, Justin Paschal, James M Anderson, Elizabeth L Wilder, Leslie K Derr, Eric D Green, Jeffery P Struewing, Gary Temple, Simona Volpi, Joy T Boyer, Elizabeth J Thomson, Mark S Guyer, Cathy Ng, Assya Abdallah, Deborah Colantuoni, Thomas R Insel, Susan E Koester, A Roger Little, Patrick K Bender, Thomas Lehner, Yin Yao, Carolyn C Compton, Jimmie B Vaught, Sherilyn Sawyer, Nicole C Lockhart, Joanne Demchok, Helen F Moore
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)

Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of loci for common diseases, but, for the majority of these, the mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility remain unknown. Most associated variants are not correlated with protein-coding changes, suggesting that polymorphisms in regulatory regions probably contribute to many disease phenotypes. Here we describe the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, which will establish a resource database and associated tissue bank for the scientific community to study the relationship between genetic variation and gene expression in human tissues.
Relation between hormone replacement therapy and ischaemic heart disease in women: prospective observational study
Authors: E Lokkegaard
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the risk of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction among women using hormone replacement therapy, especially the potential modifying effect of cardiovascular risk factors. <b>Design:</b> Prospective observational study. <b>Setting:</b> Denmark. <b>Participants:</b> 19 898 nurses aged 45 and over completing a questionnaire on lifestyle and use of hormone replacement therapy in 1993. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> All cases of death and incident cases of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction until the end of 1998. <b>Results:</b> Current users of hormone replacement therapy smoked more, consumed more alcohol, had lower self rated health, but were slimmer and had a lower prevalence of diabetes than never users. In current users compared with never users, hormone replacement therapy had no protective effect on ischaemic heart disease (hazard ratio 1.2, 0.9 to 1.7) or myocardial infarction (1.0, 0.6 to 1.7), whereas current users with diabetes had an increased risk of death (3.2, 1.4 to 7.5), ischaemic heart disease (4.2, 1.4 to 12.5), and myocardial infarction (9.2, 2.0 to 41.4) compared with never users with diabetes. <b>Conclusion:</b> Hormone replacement therapy showed no protective effect on ischaemic heart disease, but there was a significantly increased risk of death from all causes and ischaemic heart disease among women with diabetes. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Observational studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy protects women against ischaemic heart disease Randomised clinical trials found no such effect Little attention has focused on identifying subgroups of women who would or would not benefit from treatment <h3>What this study adds</h3> Hormone replacement therapy does not protect against ischaemic heart disease Women with diabetes who use hormone replacement therapy are at an increased risk of death from all causes and ischaemic heart disease