tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver-targeted and peripheral blood alterations of regulatory T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Ruth Y. Lan, Chunmei Cheng, Zhe‐Xiong Lian, Koichi Tsuneyama, Guo‐Xiang Yang, Yuki Moritoki, Ya‐Hui Chuang, Takafumi Nakamura, Shigeru Saito, Shinji Shimoda, Atsushi Tanaka, Christopher L. Bowlus, Yasuo Takano, Aftab A. Ansari, Ross L. Coppel, M. Eric Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in self-tolerance, as seen in murine autoimmunity. Studies on Tregs in human autoimmunity have focused primarily on peripheral blood samples. A study targeting diseased tissue should identify direct relationships between Tregs and autoimmunity. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 91 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 28 immediate relatives, and 41 healthy controls, and Treg frequencies were determined as a percentage of CD4+CD25high T cells in CD4+TCR-αβ+ T cells. A tissue-targeted determination of frequency and distribution of FoxP3+ Tregs was also performed on 90 different liver tissue specimens exhibiting PBC (n = 52), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) (n = 30), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) (n = 8). Treg suppression studies were performed on 50 PBC patients and 27 controls. Patients with PBC demonstrated a relative reduction of Tregs compared with controls (P < .0002). Interestingly, a deficiency in CD4+CD25+ Tregs was also found in the daughters and sisters of PBC patients compared with controls (P < .0007). However, functional studies did not reveal a global PBC Treg defect. The level of FoxP3-expressing Tregs was markedly lower in affected PBC portal tracts compared with CHC and AIH (P < .001). In addition, the CD8+T cell/FoxP3+ Treg ratio was significantly higher in livers of late-stage PBC compared with those of CHC (P < .001) and early-stage AIH (P < .001). In conclusion, these data provide support for a genetic modulation of Treg frequency and illustrate the role Tregs play in the loss of tolerance in PBC. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:729–737.)
The self-organizing conundrum
Authors: Arnaud Destrebecqz, Axel Cleeremans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perruchet and Vinter stop short of fully embracing the implications of their own SOC framework, and hence end up defending an implausible perspective on consciousness. We suggest instead that consciousness should be viewed as a graded dimension defined over quality of representation. This graded perspective eliminates the most problematic aspects of the cognitive unconscious without denying its existence altogether.
Mutations in a novel gene encoding a CRAL-TRIO domain cause human Cayman ataxia and ataxia/dystonia in the jittery mouse
Authors: Jamee M Bomar, Paul J Benke, Eric L Slattery, Radhika Puttagunta, Larry P Taylor, Eunju Seong, Arne Nystuen, Weidong Chen, Roger L Albin, Paresh D Patel, Rick A Kittles, Val C Sheffield, Margit Burmeister
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Quadriceps Strength and Osteoarthritis Progression in Malaligned and Lax Knees
Authors: Leena Sharma, Dorothy D. Dunlop, September Cahue, Jing Song, Karen W. Hayes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Quadriceps muscle strengthening is a common goal in the management of knee osteoarthritis. In healthy knees, strength protects against new osteoarthritis. In arthritic knees, greater strength may protect joints and thereby delay osteoarthritis progression. Alternatively, in certain joint environments, such as malalignment or laxity, greater strength may translate into damaging joint reaction forces. The relationship between quadriceps strength and progression of knee osteoarthritis may differ according to these factors. Objective: To determine whether greater quadriceps strength is associated with greater probability of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis progression in malaligned knees and in high-laxity knees. Design: Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: 237 persons with primary knee osteoarthritis, definite tibiofemoral osteophytes, and at least some difficulty with knee-requiring activity. Two hundred thirty completed the 18-month evaluation. The current study primarily involved those without advanced osteoarthritis in either knee (n = 171). Measurements: Quadriceps strength, knee laxity and alignment, and osteoarthritis progression. Results: The predicted probability of tibiofemoral progression was 0.153 (95% CI, 0.100 to 0.228) in high-strength knees and 0.098 (CI, 0.061 to 0.155) in low-strength knees. In malaligned knees, high strength was associated with a significant increase (P = 0.03) in the likelihood of progression (predicted probability, 0.406 [CI, 0.226 to 0.615] vs. 0.187 [CI, 0.081 to 0.375] in high-strength vs. low-strength knees). Strength was also associated with increased likelihood of progression in high-laxity knees (P = 0.003 when high laxity was defined as 6.75 degrees). The probability of patellofemoral progression did not differ between high- and low-strength knees in the full sample or within subsets. Conclusions: Greater quadriceps strength at baseline was associated with increased likelihood of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis progression in malaligned knees and lax knees. Subset-specific approaches beyond strengthening exercises should be developed to enhance joint-protective muscle activity.
Acid to remember
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

A popular epilepsy drug may also be beneficial in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), if the findings on page 2781 hold true in clinical trials. Qing et al. improved memory and ameliorated brain plaques in mice with an AD-like disease by injecting them with the anti-seizure drug valproic acid.






Figure 1

Valproic acid treatment reduced Aβ plaques (arrows) in the brains of mice with Alzheimer's-like disease.




Mice with the AD-like disease typically develop amyloid-rich brain plaques after six months. When Qing et al. treated the mice with valproic acid soon after plaque formation, the plaques shrank and some of the damaged axons in their brains resumed growth. The drug also improved performance in memory tests.

The acid worked by inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which normally turns on γ-secretase—the enzyme that cleaves β-amyloid precursor proteins. Lithium chloride, another drug used in patients with AD, also curbs amyloid-β production by inhibiting GSK-3α and GSK-3β, and has recently been shown to ameliorate axonal damage.

Valproic acid helped mice less as their disease progressed. The authors thus suggest that clinical trials should focus on people with early signs of AD. Valproic acid has been given to people with AD in the past but, unfortunately, memory improvement was never assessed in those studies. AM
"Direct to consumer" advertising of drugs in Canada could add 550m to healthcare costs
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

If “direct to consumer” drug advertising were allowed in Canada, spending on pharmaceutical drugs would increase substantially, and most of the spending would come out of the public purse, an editorial in the current edition of the Canadian Medical Association's journal says ( CMAJ 2003;169:381). The editorial estimates that the increase could be as much as $C1.2bn (£550m; $US880m; €790m).

The journal also includes a research report on the effects of such advertising on prescribing decisions. The researchers, led by Dr Barbara Mintzes, from the centre for health services and policy research at the University of British Columbia, compared prescribing decisions in a US setting where direct to consumer advertising was legal and a Canadian setting …
Notes on Pleuritic Effusion in Childhood
Authors: T. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1877)

Dec. I, I877.four times, in one case six times, and in one case fourteen times.In these operations, I met with no difficulty, and saw no danger that need cause any alarm.The admission of air into the pleural cavity hap- pened on two occasions, but no evil consequences followed.The danger of it arises from' the fear of converting a sero-fibrinous into a purulent effusion by the admission of septic particles.It is obviated
Free radicals and inflammation. Protection of phagocytosine leukocytes by superoxide dismutase.
Authors: M L Salin, J M McCord
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes engaged in phagocytosis liberate superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide into the surrounding medium. These two chemical species react to produce the hydroxyl radical, which attacks the leukocyte and leads to premature death of the cell. The hydroxyl radical may be scavenged by mannitol, or its formation can be prevented by the addition of superoxide dismutase or catalase to the medium, thereby eliminating the premature death of the cells. This phenomenon may partially explain the observed anti-inflammatory activity of superoxide dismutase.
What Are We Going to Do about AIDS and HTLV-III/LAV Infection?
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Three articles in this issue of the Journal discuss new information about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). One reviews the immune abnormalities in the disease and their relation to immunodeficiencies in other human disorders and in animal models.1 The other two focus on the association of a human retrovirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), with the disease.2 , 3 Like the discovery of the causes of legionnaires' disease and Lyme arthritis, the rapid association of HTLV-III/LAV infection4 , 5 with AIDS soon after the disease was first described is a triumph of today's biologic science. It is also evidence that society now has . . .
C-Reactive Protein and Lesion Morphology in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Toshihiko Sano, Atsushi Tanaka, Masashi Namba, Yoshiharu Nishibori, Yukio Nishida, Takahiko Kawarabayashi, Daiju Fukuda, Kenei Shimada, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is of clinical significance in the management of acute coronary syndromes, but there have been few in vivo studies detailing the relation between lesion morphology and elevated CRP in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, we investigated the relation between lesion morphology as seen under preintervention intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and CRP in the acute phase of AMI. Methods and Results— Our patient population comprised 90 consecutive patients with AMI who underwent preintervention IVUS within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms. Patients were divided into an elevated CRP group (≥3 mg/L) or a normal CRP group on the basis of serum CRP levels. There were no differences in patient characteristics or angiographic findings. We observed significantly more plaque rupture in the elevated CRP group than in the normal CRP group (70% versus 43%, P =0.01). A multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the presence of ruptured plaque alone correlated with elevation of serum CRP ( P =0.02; odds ratio, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.22 to 9.18). Conclusions— Elevated CRP may be related to the presence of ruptured plaque. Our results suggest that in the setting of AMI, elevated CRP levels may reflect the inflammatory activity of a ruptured plaque.
Editorial
Authors: WILLIAM R. SCARBOROUGH, BENJAMIN M. BAKER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

AN EXTRAORDINARY increase in knowl- edge of circulatory physiology has taken place relatively recently.This has largely been due to the introduction of improved methods for the accurate measurement of various hemodynamic events.There remains, however, an important gap that badly needs to be filled.There is no reliable method available for assessing the myocardial element of over-all cardiovascular function that is sufficiently simple to be applied to routine clinical practice.The need for this is most urgent ill the manage- ment of patients with overt or incipient coro- nary artery disease.It is toward the goal of correcting this deficiency that much of the in- vestigation in ballistocardiography is directed.Several years ago an editorial prepared by us appeared' presenting an evaluation of ballisto- cardiography at that time.It pointed out that there were several serious objections to the adoption of the technic as a trustworthy tool in clinical practice.Three important objections R ere discussed and emphasized.The first of these was that conventional instruments sup- plied partially distorted and rather limited information about forces impressed on the body and that the new, improved instruments, The views expressed are those of a group working inl ballistocar(liography at the Johns Hopkins Medical School and Hospital consisting of: IDrs.
RHYTHMS, CYCLES AND PERIODS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: FRANKLIN S. DUBOIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

In this review of rhythms, cycles and periods, reports are cited to support the view that both the physiological and psychological processes of man are influenced by recurrent biologic phenomena. Such periodic activities are basic ingredients in the behavior of human beings and actively influence man both in health and disease. Several theories as to the origin and perpetuation of these recurrent changes have been suggested but none has been completely validated. The true nature of rhythms, cycles and periods is a mystery and remains a challenge to future scientific investigations.
Drinking: messages for the beer mat
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Our patient journey this week is from a man who nearly ruined his marriage and the health of his wife through excessive drinking (doi:10.1136/bmj.d956). “Having been afraid of the effect on me if my wife found out about my drinking, I had never imagined the devastating effects on her. Suddenly I seemed to her a fraud.” With a supportive family and general practitioner, the anonymous writer seeks and gets help, and the story has a happy ending: “I prefer to be a steady non-drinker who takes the odd glass. It seems to be working.”

But not all such stories have a happy ending. In their editorial on …
Neurological sequelae in twins born after assisted conception: controlled national cohort study
Authors: Anja Pinborg, Anne Loft, Lone Schmidt, Gorm Greisen, Steen Rasmussen, Anders Nyboe Andersen
Journal: BMJ (2004)

To compare neurological sequelae in twins born after assisted conception with singletons after assisted conception and naturally conceived twins and to assess neurological sequelae in children conceived after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) compared with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Controlled, national register based, cohort study.Twins (n = 3393) and singletons (n = 5130) conceived by using assisted reproductive technologies and naturally conceived twins (n = 10 239) born in Denmark between 1995 and 2000. The children's age at time of follow up was 2-7 years.Children were identified by cross linkage of the national medical birth registry and the national registry for in vitro fertilisation. Neurological and psychiatric diagnoses were retrieved from the national patients' registry and the Danish psychiatric central registry.Neurological sequelae, defined as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, severe mental developmental disturbances, and retarded psychomotor development. Further we made separate analyses on the specific cerebral palsy diagnosis.The crude prevalence rates per 1000 of neurological sequelae in twins and singletons after assisted conception and in naturally conceived twins were 8.8, 8.2, and 9.6, and of cerebral palsy 3.2, 2.5, and 4.0, respectively. In twins after assisted conception compared with control twins, the odds ratios of neurological sequelae and specifically of cerebral palsy, adjusted for child sex and year of birth, were 0.9 (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 1.4) and 0.8 (0.4 to 1.6), respectively. The corresponding odds ratios for twins after assisted conception compared with singletons after assisted conception were 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) for neurological sequelae and 1.3 (0.6 to 2.9) for cerebral palsy. The odds ratio of neurological sequelae in children conceived by ICSI was 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) nu children conceived by IVF.Twins from assisted conception have a similar risk of neurological sequelae as their naturally conceived peers and singletons from assisted conception. Children born after ICSI have the same risk of neurological sequelae as children born after IVF.
Metoprolol and ventricular repolarisation and refractoriness: lack of chronic adaptational class III effects in rabbit
Authors: S. M Barr, B S. Manley, S. M Cobbe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Metoprolol and ventricular repolarisation and refractoriness: lack of chronic adaptational class III effects in rabbit Get access Susan M Barr, Susan M Barr Department of Medical Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Building, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom Correspondence to: Dr Barr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B Stewart Manley, B Stewart Manley Department of Medical Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Building, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stuart M Cobbe Stuart M Cobbe Department of Medical Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Building, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 8, August 1991, Pages 652–658, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.8.652 Published: 01 August 1991 Article history Received: 04 March 1991 Accepted: 22 April 1991 Published: 01 August 1991
Smoking, Alcohol, and Neuromuscular Function in Older Women
Authors: George Spilich
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Nelson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report that in a multicenter study of almost 10 000 women across the United States, smokers showed a reliable loss of agility, strength, and integrative physical function even when such factors as age, history of stroke, body mass index, physical activity, and alcohol use were controlled. They go on to state that the physical performance deficit for an elderly smoker is roughly equivalent to the decline associated with an additional 5 years of age, and that amount of smoking is related to amount of performance decline. These last two observations indicate that the tobacco-related decline in physical performance is both clinically relevant and dose related. Although their data are important in their own right, their work takes on additional relevance when the question of tobacco's effects on performance is viewed globally. We know, for instance, that risk of vehicular accident (expressed as
The unwanted effects of clindamycin in acne
Authors: S.G. TAN, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

A review of seventy matched acne patients on clindamycin and seventy-two on tetracycline shows that nine patients on clindamycin had diarrhoea whereas no patients on tetracycline had any side effect; no frank pseudomembranous colitis was seen. Although we heed the side effects of clindamycin, it should not be withheld from patients with severe and resistant acne.
Role of the Graduate Nurse Today
Authors: Florence Flores
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ANY attempt to describe or discuss the role of the graduate nurse in the United States today is difficult. In some countries of the world both the nurse and the society in which she functions are in accord about the nurse's duties and responsibilities, but no such agreement exists in this country, for a variety of reasons.DefinitionsTo establish a base of understanding, a few definitions seem necessary. The term "nurse" will refer to the graduate of an approved school of nursing, either diploma (the three-year-hospital schools) or collegiate (the junior-college or senior-college schools). She will have been registered . . .
Anterior Hypopituitarism in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancers Treated With Cranial Radiotherapy: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Wassim Chemaitilly, Zhenghong Li, Sujuan Huang, Kirsten K. Ness, Karen L. Clark, Daniel M. Green, Nicole Barnes, Gregory T. Armstrong, Matthew J. Krasin, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Ching-Hon Pui, Thomas E. Merchant, Larry E. Kun, Amar Gajjar, Melissa M. Hudson, Leslie L. Robison, Charles A. Sklar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for growth hormone deficiency (GHD), luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone deficiencies (LH/FSHD), thyroid-stimulatin hormone deficiency (TSHD), and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (ACTHD) after cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and assess the impact of untreated deficiencies.
Infliximab treatment for severe orogenital ulceration in Behcet's disease
Authors: M. Connolly, J.S. Armstrong, D.A. Buckley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Infliximab treatment for severe orogenital ulceration in Behçet's disease Get access M. Connolly, M. Connolly Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K., and Departments of Histopathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.S. Armstrong, J.S. Armstrong Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, U.K., and Departments of Histopathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.A. Buckley D.A. Buckley Dermatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon SN3 6BB, U.K. E‐mail: connollymo@btopenworld.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 5, 1 November 2005, Pages 1073–1075, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06914.x Published: 01 November 2005