tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progression of Retinopathy After Change of Treatment From Oral Antihyperglycemic Agents to Insulin in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: Marianne Henricsson, Lars Janzon, Leif Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, institution of good glycemic control has been shown to retard development of retinopathy even though temporary progression has occurred. Few data have been available from patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To determine the impact of improved glycemic control on retinopathy in patients with NIDDM, we examined, in a case-control study, the progression of retinopathy in 94 patients who changed treatment from oral antihyperglycemic agents to insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used the Wisconsin retinopathy scale and related progression of retinopathy during a 2-year observation period to changes in HbA1c after institution of insulin therapy. RESULTS Progression of retinopathy ≥3 levels occurred in 23% of the patients and was significantly more common in the patient group in which HbA1c was lowered ≥3% compared with progression in the group in which HbA1c was lowered &amp;lt;3% (P = 0.0001; relative risk 3.2; 95% confidence interval 1.5–6.9). CONCLUSIONS Improved glycemic control as achieved by insulin therapy may be associated with worsening of retinopathy in patients with NIDDM.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Obesity
Authors: Sylvie Chollet-Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 April 1989Tumor Necrosis Factor and ObesitySylvie Chollet-Martin, MD, Jacques Fricker, MD, Marian Apfelbaum, MD, Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo, MDSylvie Chollet-Martin, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jacques Fricker, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Marian Apfelbaum, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-666_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Although its role is not fully known, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or cachectin would appear to be involved in determining nutritional status. In effect, the administration of recombinant human TNF (rTNF) to rodents causes decreases in food intake and body weight (1, 2). In humans, rTNF given in antineoplastic trials induced anorexia and various metabolic effects including increased whole body lipolysis and fat utilization (1). Given the likely involvement of TNF in the pathophysiology of cachexia, we sought a possible relationship between TNF metabolism and the inverse nutritional disorder, obesity.Plasma TNF levels were assayed in 16...References1. Oliff A. The role of tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) in cachexia. Cell. 1988;54:141-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Plata-SalamanOomuraKai CYY. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 β: suppression of food intake by direct action in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 1988;448:106-14. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. IveriusBrunzell PJ. Relationship between lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma sex steroid levels in obese women. J Clin Invest. 1988;82:1106-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Garfinkel L. Overweight and cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103:1034-6. LinkGoogle Scholar5. McMurrayBeskittNewmark DPS. Immunologic status in severe obesity. Int J Obes. 1982;6:61-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Hematologie Laboratoire de Nutrition et Unité Paris F-75018 France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAltered Immune Function in a Morbidly Obese Pediatric PopulationEvidence for a direct central anorectic effect of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha in the ratImmunoregulators in the nervous systemAspects nutritionnels des cytokines leucocytaires 15 April 1989Volume 110, Issue 8Page: 666-667KeywordsAdipose tissueBlood plasmaBody weightEatingNutritionNutritional deficienciesObesityTumor necrosis factor Issue Published: 15 April 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multiple Functions of the 37/67-kd Laminin Receptor Make It a Suitable Target for Novel Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Jonathan Scheiman, Jen-Chieh Tseng, Yun Zheng, Daniel Meruelo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

The 37/67-kd laminin receptor, LAMR, is a multifunctional protein that associates with the 40S ribosomal subunit and also localizes to the cell membrane to interact with the extracellular matrix. LAMR is overexpressed in many types of cancer, playing important roles in tumor-cell migration and invasion. Here, we show that LAMR is also vital for tumor-cell proliferation, survival, and protein translation. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated reduction in expression of LAMR leads to G1 phase cell-cycle arrest in vitro by altering cyclins A2/B1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 1/2, Survivin, and p21 expression levels. In vivo, reduction in LAMR expression results in inhibition of HT1080 cells to develop tumors. We also found that LAMR's ribosomal functions are critical for translation as reduction in LAMR expression leads to a dramatic decrease in newly synthesized proteins. Further, cells with lower expression of LAMR have fewer 40S subunits and 80S monosomes, causing an increase in free 60S ribosomal subunits. These results indicate that LAMR is able to regulate tumor development in many ways; further enhancing its potential as a target for gene therapy. To test this, we developed a novel Sindbis/Lenti pseudotype vector carrying short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed against lamr. This pseudotype vector effectively reduces LAMR expression and specifically targets tumors in vivo. Treatment of tumor-bearing severe combine immunodeficient (SCID) mice with this pseudotype vector significantly inhibits tumor growth. Thus, we show that LAMR can be used as a target in novel therapy for tumor reduction and elimination.
Platelet function and conjugated diene concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic survivors of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: T. J Hendra, D. G Wickens, T. L Dormandy, J. S Yudkin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to compare platelet function in diabetic and non-diabetic survivors of acute myocardial infarction and to relate it to an index of free radical activity in these patients. Design — In vivo and in vitro indices of platelet function and diene conjugate molar ratios were measured in diabetic and non-diabetic infarct survivors on admission to hospital and sequentially for 72 h. Patients — The patients were 17 diabetics (age 61.9 years, range 32-74) and 12 non-diabetics (60.8 years, range 39-75) admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction confirmed according to WHO criteria. Measurements and main results — Agonist induced platelet aggregation, β thromboglobulin levels, and linoleic acid 18:2(9,11)/18:2(9,12) molar ratios did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic patients on admission. Concentrations of adrenaline producing 50% maximum platelet aggregation (EC50) in whole blood on admisson were lower than non-infarct controls in both patient groups. The EC50 values in platelet rich plasma in both groups fell during the 72 h following admission (increases in platelet sensitivity), β Thromboglobulin concentrations fell following admission in the diabetic group. Diene conjugate molar ratios were higher at 12 h and 24 h compared to admission in diabetic patients. Increases in diene conjugate ratios between admission and 24 h correlated with peak aspartate transaminase levels in both patient groups. No correlations were observed between platelet aggregation, β thromboglobulin levels, or diene conjugate molar ratios. Conclusions — During 72 h following myocardial infarction there is a reduction in platelet activation in vivo and an increase in platelet sensitivity to exogenous agonists in vitro. Free radical generated isomers of linoleic acid increase in relation to infarct size, but are unrelated to platelet function. There were no differences in platelet function between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Absolute Neutrophil Leucopenia after Uncontrolled Use of Amodiaquine
Authors: A. F. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MEDICAL JOUsRNA.L increasing doses of penicillin were given, usually at daily intervals, and antihistamines were used to prevent reactions.Antihistamines are much more effective when administered intramuscularly; indeed, if one gives them by that route from the time the first reaction occurs one may desensitize a nurse in a fortnight.Patch tests are not reliable.
Ischemic neurons prevent vascular regeneration of neural tissue by secreting semaphorin 3A
Authors: Jean-Sébastien Joyal, Nicholas Sitaras, François Binet, Jose Carlos Rivera, Andreas Stahl, Karine Zaniolo, Zhuo Shao, Anna Polosa, Tang Zhu, David Hamel, Mikheil Djavari, Dario Kunik, Jean-Claude Honoré, Emilie Picard, Alexandra Zabeida, Daya R. Varma, Gilles Hickson, Joseph Mancini, Michael Klagsbrun, Santiago Costantino, Christian Beauséjour, Pierre Lachapelle, Lois E. H. Smith, Sylvain Chemtob, Przemyslaw Sapieha
Journal: Blood (2011)
XII. Three Cohorts of Men Followed Five Years in Serbia
Authors: B. S. DJORDJEVIĆ, B. BALOG, LJ. BOŽINOVIĆ, V. JOSIPOVIĆ, S. NEDELJKOVIĆ, I. LAMBIĆ, S. SEKULIĆ, V. SLAVKOVIĆ, G. STOJANOVIĆ, A. SIMIĆ, B. SIMIC, T. STRASSER, H. BLACKBURN, A. KEYS
Journal: Circulation (1970)
Correlation of fingerstick blood glucose measurements with GlucoWatch biographer glucose results in young subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: S K Garg, R O Potts, N R Ackerman, S J Fermi, J A Tamada, H P Chase
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of glucose obtained via iontophoretic extraction with the GlucoWatch automatic glucose biographer (Cygnus, Inc., Redwood City, CA) with capillary blood glucose values that were determined 1) in a controlled outpatient clinic setting and 2) in a home setting. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: There were 76 GlucoWatch biographers used on 28 different young adults (21 women and 7 men) with type 1 diabetes (age 30.9 +/- 6.9 years and duration of diabetes 18.4 +/- 8.1 years [mean +/- SD]) in a controlled outpatient clinic setting. Some subjects participated on multiple days. Subjects wore two GlucoWatch biographers, each on the forearm (ventral aspect). Comparisons were made to HemoCue blood glucose analyzer (Aktiebolgat Leo, Helsingborg, Sweden) capillary blood glucose measurements. In addition, GlucoWatch biographers (one each day for 3 consecutive days) were used by 12 subjects (8 women, 4 men) in a home setting. Comparisons were made to capillary blood glucose values determined using the One Touch Profile meter (Johnson &amp; Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ). RESULTS: GlucoWatch biographer glucose values correlated well with capillary blood glucose values determined using the HemoCue analyzer in the clinic setting (r = 0.90, 1,554 paired data points) and using the One Touch Profile meter in the home setting (r = 0.85, 204 paired data points). When 36 subjects wore two biographers simultaneously, the correlation between the two biographers was r = 0.94. The error grid analysis demonstrated that &amp;gt; 96% of biographer glucose values determined in the clinic or home setting were in the clinically acceptable A and B regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the accuracy and precision of glucose values as determined using the GlucoWatch biographer in clinic and home settings.
Timely PCI for STEMI — Still the Treatment of Choice
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).1 The challenge, however, lies in the definition of "timely." In general, the shorter the time from symptom onset to PCI is, the higher the likelihood of myocardial salvage and lower associated mortality. Studies suggest that the tipping point for when primary PCI is no longer superior to fibrinolytic therapy is approximately 2 hours, though the exact time depends on the duration of ischemia, the amount of myocardium in jeopardy, and the bleeding risk of the patient, among other factors.2,3 In industrialized urban settings, . . .
Impact of Race on the Professional Lives of Physicians of African Descent
Authors: Marcella Nunez-Smith, Leslie A. Curry, JudyAnn Bigby, David Berg, Harlan M. Krumholz, Elizabeth H. Bradley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Increasing the racial and ethnic diversity of the physician workforce is a national priority. However, insight into the professional experiences of minority physicians is limited. This knowledge is fundamental to developing effective strategies to recruit, retain, and support a diverse physician workforce. Objective: To characterize how physicians of African descent experience race in the workplace. Design: Qualitative study based on in-person and in-depth racially concordant interviews using a standard discussion guide. Setting: The 6 New England states in the United States. Participants: 25 practicing physicians of African descent representing a diverse range of primary practice settings, specialties, and ages. Measurements: Professional experiences of physicians of African descent. Results: 1) Awareness of race permeates the experience of physicians of African descent in the health care workplace; 2) race-related experiences shape interpersonal interactions and define the institutional climate; 3) responses to perceived racism at work vary along a spectrum from minimization to confrontation; 4) the health care workplace is often silent on issues of race; and 5) collective race-related experiences can result in "racial fatigue," with personal and professional consequences for physicians. Limitations: The study was restricted to New England and may not reflect the experiences of physicians in other geographic regions. The findings are meant to be hypothesis-generating and require additional follow-up studies. Conclusions: The issue of race remains a pervasive influence in the work lives of physicians of African descent. Without sufficient attention to the specific ways in which race shapes physicians' work experiences, health care organizations are unlikely to create environments that successfully foster and sustain a diverse physician workforce.
Development of Less Hazardous Cigarettes
Authors: Cornelius J. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Our recent article inThe Journal(240:1255, 1978) on current advances in the development of less hazardous cigarettes resulted in scores of letters to us from physicians, scientists, and other concerned citizens. Two such letters, addressing the extremely important issues of the inhalation practices of smokers and of additives used in the manufacture of commercial brand cigarettes, are to be published inThe Journal, with our comments. We would like to take the opportunity here to clarify additional issues that were raised during the ensuing mass media coverage of our findings. It should be emphasized at the outset, however, that our article was intended to be evaluated on its merits by the readers ofThe Journaland was not intended for general mass media distribution. It was stated in the lay press that our analyses were statistical manipulations of data from short-term animal studies. However, neither animal
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with pulmonary embolism: correlation of fibrinolytic specificity and efficacy.
Authors: D E Vaughan, S Z Goldhaber, J Kim, J Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Blood samples from 24 patients who received recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for angiographically documented acute pulmonary embolism were examined to identify and quantify fibrinolysis. Before and after the intravenous administration of 50 mg rt-PA over a 2 hr period, levels of total fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP), and cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XDP) were measured in each patient. Elevated levels of XDP were found in all patients before treatment (mean 2.0 micrograms/ml, normal less than 0.2 microgram/ml), and these increased 12-fold with treatment. Fibrinogen levels fell 30% and FDP levels increased 24-fold for the entire group of patients. Over this 2 hr period, 10 of 24 patients (responders) demonstrated 25% or greater improvement in the extent of pulmonary artery thrombus as quantified by Urokinase Pulmonary Embolism Trial score, and these patients were found to have a significantly lower XDP/FDP ratio after rt-PA (p less than .04) than those patients who failed to respond. These data suggest that the intravenous administration of pharmacologic doses of rt-PA in patients with pulmonary embolism produces both fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis, successful thrombolysis in these patients is associated with a preponderance of fibrinogenolysis over fibrinolysis, the XDP/FDP ratio is a useful indicator of fibrinolytic specificity, and in patients with acute pulmonary embolism the endogenous fibrinolytic pathways are activated, albeit ineffectively, as indicated by the increased circulating XDP levels seen in all 24 patients before the administration of rt-PA.
Vitamin A Intoxication
Authors: Barbaba A. Underwood
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The caution of Dr Selhorst and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is justified and vitamin A intoxication from abnormally high habitual consumption of liver should be considered in pseudotumor cerebri. The potential for intoxication is compounded by the uncontrolled, over-the-counter availability of vitamin A supplements providing ten or more times the recommended daily intake and by the increased public awareness of largely unsubstantiated claims of benefits from megadose vitamin therapy. The concluding sentence of their letter, however, suggests that vegetables rich in vitamin A, which are often recommended in weight-reduction diets, may be worth our special concern. To my knowledge, there are no reported cases of vitamin A intoxication resulting from the ingestion of natural vegetable food sources that are rich in vitamin A activity derived from carotenoids, the only form of vitamin A found in vegetable products. In one reported fatal case, where a high intake of carrot juice
Hospital admissions for anaphylaxis in <scp>I</scp>stanbul, <scp>T</scp>urkey
Authors: F. Cetinkaya, A. Incioglu, S. Birinci, B. E. Karaman, A. I. Dokucu, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2012)

There are very limited data characterizing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis from low- and middle-income country settings. We aimed to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis admissions to hospitals in Istanbul.We obtained data from all 45 hospitals in Istanbul over a 12-month period and used ICD-10 codes to extract data on those admitted with a recorded primary diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Because of concerns about possible under-coding, we undertook an additional analysis to identify patients admitted with two or more clinical codes for symptoms and/or signs suggestive of, but not coded as having, anaphylaxis.A total of 114 cases (79 people with anaphylaxis codes and 35 with symptoms and signs suggestive of anaphylaxis) were identified, giving an overall estimate of 1.95 cases per 100 000 person-years.The novel two-stage identification approach employed suggests significant under-recording of anaphylaxis in those admitted to hospitals in Istanbul.
Labour party sets out plan to merge health and social care for older people in Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The current system of caring for older people in Scotland needs to change to avoid an unsustainable burden being placed on hospital services in the near future, warns a panel commissioned by the UK Labour party to examine the proposal to merge health and social care.

The party, which polls suggest is on track to win next month’s Scottish Parliament election, has proposed a National Care Service with a single, dedicated budget.

The panel’s report says that over the past decade there has been …
Pretreatment of mice with macrophage inactivators decreases acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Authors: Sherryll L. Michael, Neil R. Pumford, Philip R. Mayeux, Michael R. Niesman, Jack A. Hinson
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Hepatotoxic doses of acetaminophen to mice produce not only acetaminophen-protein adducts in the centrilobular cells of the liver, but nitrotyrosine-protein adducts in the same cells, the site of the necrosis. Nitration of tyrosine occurs with peroxynitrite, a species formed by reaction of nitric oxide (NO · ) with superoxide (O 2 ·− ). Because NO · and O 2 ·− may be produced by activated Kupffer cells and/or infiltrated macrophages, we pretreated mice with the macrophage inactivators/depeleters gadolinium chloride (7 mg/kg, intravenously [iv]) or dextran sulfate (10 mg/kg, iv) 24 hours before administration of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg). Mice treated with acetaminophen plus gadolinium chloride, or acetaminophen plus dextran sulfate, had significantly less evidence of hepatotoxicity as evidenced by lower serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (28 ± 1 IU/L and 770 ± 240 IU/L, respectively) at 8 hours compared with acetaminophen (6,380 ± 408 IU/L). Analysis of hepatic homogenates for acetaminophen-protein adducts at 2 hours, a time of maximal covalent binding and before hepatocyte lysis, indicated that these pretreatments did not decrease covalent binding. Western blot analysis for the macrophage marker protein F4/80 in homogenates revealed not only the expected decrease by the macrophage inactivators/depleters, but also an apparent increase in acetaminophen-only-treated mice. At 8 hours nitrotyrosine-protein adducts were present in the acetaminophen-only-treated mice, but not in the acetaminophen plus gadolinium chloride-treated mice, or acetaminophen plus dextran sulfate-treated mice. High levels of heme-protein adducts, a measure of oxidative stress, were detected in livers of the 8 hour acetaminophen-only-treated mice. These data suggest that acetaminophen hepatotoxicity is mediated by an initial metabolic activation and covalent binding, and subsequent activation of macrophages to form O 2 ·− , NO · , and peroxynitrite. Nitration of tyrosine correlates with toxicity.
Holmes-Adie syndrome.
Authors: V. J. Marmion
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICBrOURNALThe Table shows two groups of patients:(1) Those with mesenteric adenitis who have evidence of recent appendicitis-that is, are iron-positive-in whom appendicectomy coin- cides with cure in 24 of 25 cases (96%).This approximates closely to the cure rate of 98 % which I have described for removal of acutely inflamed appendices.4 (2) Thcee who have no evidence of recent appendicitis-that is, are iron-negative-in whom appendicectomy co- incides with cure in only 9 of 15 cases (60%).This is well below the cure rate of 86% norm- ally associated with emergency removal of a normal appendix.'