tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimenter momentum and the effect of laws
Authors: Gregory Galbicka, Robert Kessel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Nevin &amp; Grace invoke a behavioral metaphor from the physics of momentum. The idealized assumptions they invoke are argued to translate to behavior only in the limited case of steady-state, constant-probability VI responding. Rather than further refine this limit case, mathematical models should be applied to generalizations of the limit case itself, broadening our understanding of behavioral processes.
Serum CCL18 is predictive for lung disease progression and mortality in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Jonas Schupp, Mike Becker, Jeannine Günther, Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Gabriela Riemekasten, Antje Prasse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

important to characterise this level of diagnostic confidence at MDD, thus enabling future research into this patient group.An emerging recommendation is to manage patients according to their disease behaviour, particularly for the subgroup with ill-defined or overlapping diagnostic features.This should not obviate the imperative to pursue a diagnosis where possible, with appropriate means.While we accept that there is a group of ILD patients in whom a specific ILD diagnosis is not possible, despite all efforts, we wish to encourage respiratory physicians to pursue an accurate ILD diagnosis, rather than accepting a diagnosis of unclassifiable ILD without full and accurate investigation.Although this is a tempting option, particularly in the absence of ready access to MDD, it is associated with more diagnostic and prognostic uncertainty, and ultimately may delay specific treatment options.
Prediction of Disease Outcome in Melanoma Patients by Molecular Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Christine T. Kuo, Dave S.B. Hoon, Hiroya Takeuchi, Roderick Turner, He-Jing Wang, Donald L. Morton, Bret Taback
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

A significant number of patients who develop recurrence after a histopathologically negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy will demonstrate occult metastases on re-evaluation of the SLNs with serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been evaluated to improve disease staging and avoid false-negative findings in fresh or frozen-section SLNs. The purpose of this study was to develop a multimarker RT-PCR assay for assessing melanoma patients' archived paraffin-embedded (PE) SLNs.Archived PE histopathologically positive (n = 37) and negative (n = 40) SLNs from patients with primary melanoma were analyzed using a semiquantitative multimarker RT-PCR assay.Marker expression in histopathologically positive and negative SLNs were as follows: 89%, 92%, 35%, and 43% (positive) and 40%, 33%, 5%, and 13% (negative) for tyrosinase, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2, respectively. Twenty-five percent of histopathologically negative SLN patients were upstaged using at least two markers. Of these, 80% developed a recurrence. Furthermore, at a median follow-up of 55 months, patients with histopathologically negative SLNs who expressed zero or one marker had a significantly improved disease-free (P <.002) and overall (P <.03) survival versus those expressing two or more markers.These findings demonstrate the feasibility of a multimarker RT-PCR assay for evaluating archived PE SLNs. More significantly, identification of molecular risk factors can be detected in histopathologically negative SLNs for distinguishing early-stage melanoma patients with a worse prognosis.
Combined Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics and microRNA Expression Analysis of Breast Cancer Unravel Molecular Differences with Clinical Implications
Authors: Angelo Gámez-Pozo, Julia Berges-Soria, Jorge M. Arevalillo, Paolo Nanni, Rocío López-Vacas, Hilario Navarro, Jonas Grossmann, Carlos A. Castaneda, Paloma Main, Mariana Díaz-Almirón, Enrique Espinosa, Eva Ciruelos, Juan Ángel Fresno Vara
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Better knowledge of the biology of breast cancer has allowed the use of new targeted therapies, leading to improved outcome. High-throughput technologies allow deepening into the molecular architecture of breast cancer, integrating different levels of information, which is important if it helps in making clinical decisions. microRNA (miRNA) and protein expression profiles were obtained from 71 estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) and 25 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples. RNA and proteins obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors were analyzed by RT-qPCR and LC/MS-MS, respectively. We applied probabilistic graphical models representing complex biologic systems as networks, confirming that ER(+) and TNBC subtypes are distinct biologic entities. The integration of miRNA and protein expression data unravels molecular processes that can be related to differences in the genesis and clinical evolution of these types of breast cancer. Our results confirm that TNBC has a unique metabolic profile that may be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
High-dose methylprednisolone is an alternative treatment for adults with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to intravenous immunoglobulins and oral corticosteroids
Authors: Bertrand Godeau, Jean‐Marc Zini, Annette Schaeffer, Philippe Bierling
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Eight patients with severe chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) refractory to high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIgG) and/or oral prednisone were treated with one to three infusions of high‐dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) (15 mg/kg/day). The mean platelet count before treatment was 12 ± 10 × 10 9 /L. HDMP therapy led to a safe platelet count (&gt;50 × 10 9 /L) after 2‐5 days in five patients, and a minimal platelet increase (34 × 10 9 /L) able to stop bleeding in a sixth patient. The effect of HDMP was, however, translent in four of the five responders. No side effects were observed, even in the four patients older than 70 years. HDMP thus appears to be a good alternative in emergency situations or prior to surgery for patients with AITP refractory to conventional therapy.
Aging of the erythrocyte. 23. Changes in the permeation of spin‐labeled electrolytes
Authors: Grzegorz Bartosz, Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

The transport of spin-labeled anions and cations was studied in bovine erythrocyte fractions of various ages. Permeation of a spin-labeled anion, 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyl into the cells was found to be significantly slower in older cells, suggesting a functional impairment of the band 3 protein of the erythrocyte membrane during red cell aging in vivo.
Neural Control of the Pituitary Gland.--I
Authors: G. W. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Most endocrine glands either lack a-nerve supply or receive only a scanty innervation.The adrenal cortex is believed to be devoid of any nerve supply (Teitelbaum, 1942), whilst the nerve fibres described in the ovary, testis, thyroid, and adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) are probably vasomotor in function.There is no sound evidence that these glands are dependent for their functional activity on a direct secretomotor nerve supply: such dependency seems to be true for only two endocrine glands-the adrenal medulla and neuro- hypophysis (posterior pituitary gland).P V.N. 5.0N.o. T. m ,,.P/ .T.Diagram of a sagittal section through the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.The three parts of the neurohypophysis include the median eminence (M.E.), the constricted infundibular stem (I.S.), and the infundibular process (I.P.).The adenohypophysis also consists of three divisions-the pars distalis (P.D.), the pars intermedia (P.I.), and the pars tuberalis (P.T.).It is established that the neurohypophysis is innervated by the supraoptic nucleus (S.O.N.), situated above the beginning of the optic tract (O.T.).and the paraventricular nucleus (P.V.N.), which is in intimate relationship with the third ventricle (III.V.).Other fibres con- stituting the tubero-hypophysial tract (T.H.) also run to the hypo- physis, but their origin is unknown.
Flannery O'Connor's Lupus
Authors: Robert Coles
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga, was the last capital of the Confederacy. Today it is a city of 12,000 people, with a mix of antebellum homes (still very much a presence and a continuing lure to tourists), an enormous mental hospital, and a growing number of light industries. Its real fame, however, is growing for other reasons. Flannery O'Connor, the short story writer and novelist from Milledgeville, died in early August 1964. She was only 39 years old and had disseminated lupus erythematosus since her mid-20s. The disease had claimed her father, Edwin O'Connor, who died in 1941 when Miss O'Connor was 15. Her mother, Mrs Regina (Cline) O'Connor, survives. A descendant of an old prominent southern family, she is now in her 80s. When she died, Flannery left a legacy of short stories, essays, and novels. (One of the novels,<i>Wise Blood</i>, was recently developed into a film and is currently playing
Adjustment to the Dry Colostomy: By Patients Colostomized Five or More Years Ago
Authors: A. M. Sutherland
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1951)

Under ideal conditions the dry colostomy and its management can be nothing more than a disagreeable nuisance, without impairment of earning power or restriction of recreational or social activities. It should never be allowed to become a major catastrophe.
HIV transmission, travel, and Thailand.
Authors: L Gruer, L Cowan, L Elliott, K Farrow, D Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in 73 provinces.For instance, at the central sexually transmitted diseases centre at Bangrak Hospital, Bangkok, there were separate clinics for female and male sex workers, with adequate laboratory facilities for all the diagnostic modalities for HIV and sexually transmitted diseases.The number of people attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics fell from 1103813 in 1987 to 877 146 in 1991, and the number with venereal diseases (defined as syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum) fell from 410 400 to 182 024.The table shows the incidence of various diseases in 1987 and 1991.Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases per 1000
The familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)-North Karelia mutation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene deletes seven nucleotides of exon 6 and is a common cause of FH in Finland.
Authors: U M Koivisto, H Turtola, K Aalto-Setälä, B Top, R R Frants, P T Kovanen, A C Syvänen, K Kontula
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

A mutation of the LDL receptor gene very common among Finnish patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was identified. This mutation, designated as FH-North Karelia, deletes seven nucleotides from exon 6 of the LDL receptor gene, causes a translational frameshift, and is predicted to result in a truncated receptor protein. Only minute quantities of mRNA corresponding to the deleted gene were detected. Functional studies using cultured fibroblasts from the patients revealed that the FH-North Karelia gene is associated with a receptor-negative (or binding-defective) phenotype of FH. Carriers of the FH-North Karelia gene showed a typical xanthomatous form of FH, with mean serum total and LDL cholesterol levels of 12 and 10 mmol/liter, respectively. This mutation was found in 69 (34%) out of 201 nonrelated Finnish FH patients and was especially abundant (prevalence 79%) in patients from the eastern Finland. These results, combined with our earlier data on another LDL receptor gene deletion (FH-Helsinki), demonstrate that two "Finnish-type" mutant LDL receptor genes make up about two thirds of FH mutations in this country, reflecting a founder gene effect. This background provides good possibilities to examine whether genetic heterogeneity affects the clinical presentation or responsiveness to therapeutic interventions in FH.
Abnormal regulation of chemokine TECK and its receptor CCR9 in the endometriotic milieu is involved in pathogenesis of endometriosis by way of enhancing invasiveness of endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Yun Wang, Jing Yu, Xuezhen Luo, Xiaoqiu Wang, Mingqing Li, Ling Wang, Dajin Li
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2010)
Prevention of nitrate tolerance with angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors.
Authors: R J Katz, W S Levy, L Buff, A G Wasserman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Activation of neurohumoral hormones or sulfhydryl group depletion may contribute to the development of nitroglycerin tolerance. In an attempt to prevent nitrate tolerance, this study evaluated the interaction of nitroglycerin with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with and without a sulfhydryl group. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-four subjects were randomized to a 7-day regimen of enalapril 10 mg b.i.d., captopril 25 mg t.i.d., or placebo. Venodilator response to nitroglycerin was assessed with forearm plethysmography by measuring the change in venous volume after administration of 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Plethysmographic measurements were obtained serially 1) at baseline, 2) after 4 days of ACE inhibitor or placebo, 3) 2 hours after application of a 10 mg/24 hr nitroglycerin patch, and 4) 74 hours after continuous nitropatch application. ACE inhibition alone caused no significant change in the response to sublingual nitroglycerin. Nitrate response remained unchanged after 2 hours ("acute") of nitropatch exposure in all three groups. After 74 hours ("chronic") of continuous nitropatch application, the venodilator response to sublingual nitroglycerin was reduced by 40% in the placebo group, 10% in the enalapril group, and 2% in the captopril group. This attenuation was significant only in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). Pairwise comparison of nitrate response between groups was significantly different between the captopril and placebo groups (p less than 0.01) and between the placebo and enalapril groups (p less than 0.05). Plasma renin levels increased equally in the enalapril and captopril groups. Body weight increased only in the placebo group, suggesting prevention of nitrate-induced volume expansion in the ACE inhibitor groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ACE inhibitors may prevent nitrate tolerance to long-term nitrate therapy.
Urine Glucose Tests for Diabetic Patients with Impaired Vision
Authors: Alfred H Free, Helen M Free
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

A colorimetric test procedure called Mega-Diastix is described for detection and measurement of glucose in urine. The test is designed for use by diabetic patients with impaired vision. Data establishing the performance capabilities of this rapid, convenient test are presented. As an internal standard, the recommended procedure utilizes effervescent control tablets for preparation of simulated urine. Also described is a touch fermentation test for detection of urinary glucose by totally blind patients. Data are given that demonstrate the accuracy and ease of performance of this test, which entails a rapid yeast fermentation. An internal standard is also incorporated into the procedure for this test.
GMC guidance on end of life care
Authors: D. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Important changes for clinicians take effect on 1 July

The recently published guidance from the General Medical Council (GMC) on end of life care comes into force on 1 July 2010 and commands the attention of all doctors in the United Kingdom by emphasising that failure to comply will place registration at risk.1

Change became essential following the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and after reviews reported how patients with terminal illness are denied informed choice regarding the remainder of their life and the manner in which they die.2 Doctors have been seeking advice from the GMC on these difficulties and should reasonably expect the regulatory body to provide unequivocal guidance on optimal care and how professional censure can be avoided. This last aspect became particularly important after legal challenge to the previous guidelines, in which it was held that medical opinion would not determine a patient’s best interests.3

The GMC’s standards and ethics reference group responded by initiating a review in 2007 under an outside chair, with a consultation involving all potential interest groups, and validated by independent audit.

The key conceptual changes to clinical practice are that death should become an explicit discussion point when patients are likely to die within 12 months, and that medical paternalism on the subject, however benignly intended, must be replaced by patient choice (box). Doctors will be expected to document that …
Salt and Hypertension
Authors: Adrian M. Ostfeld
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We agree with the basic message of Dr Belding Scribner's<sup>1</sup>editorial, "Salt and Hypertension," but he has read an implication into our article, "Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure,"<sup>2</sup>that was not intended. Our observations are in accord with Dr Scribner's statement that 70% to 80% of us "do not have to worry about salt intake," but our report should not be construed to imply, as Dr Scribner has done, that "sodium restriction is futile in the control of hypertension." Our points are the following: (1) Salt restriction is not an appropriate public health measure to impose on the entire general population because the blood pressure of not more than a small, poorly defined percentage of persons would benefit. (2) Although there is evidence that salt restriction is clinically useful for the control of hypertension in certain salt-sensitive persons, its importance relative to other dietary
Two novel gene orders and the role of light-strand replication in rearrangement of the vertebrate mitochondrial genome
Authors: J. R. Macey, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Z. Fang, T. J. Papenfuss
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Two novel mitochondrial gene arrangements are identified in an agamid lizard and a ranid frog. Statistical tests incorporating phylogeny indicate a link between novel vertebrate mitochondrial gene orders and movement of the origin of light-strand replication. A mechanism involving errors in light-strand replication and tandem duplication of genes is proposed for rearrangement of vertebrate mitochondrial genes. A second mechanism involving small direct repeats also is identified. These mechanisms implicate gene order as a reliable phylogenetic character. Shifts in gene order define major lineages without evidence of parallelism or reversal. The loss of the origin of light-strand replication from its typical vertebrate position evolves in parallel and, therefore, is a less reliable phylogenetic character. Gene junctions also evolve in parallel. Sequencing across multigenic regions, in particular transfer RNA genes, should be a major focus of future systematic studies to locate novel gene orders and to provide a better understanding of the evolution of the vertebrate mitochondrial genome.
Lifelong migraine aura without headache: change of pattern with upper respiratory infection
Authors: S. I Cohen, J. N Blau
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

anaplastic large-cell carcinoma, one of the main differential diagnoses, was ruled out since the lymphoma was ALK negative and negative for the t(2:5) translocation in the TCR receptor, and no tumour cells were found in the vascular endothelium.The importance of CD30 for prognosis has only lately been realized. 6 It is a type 1 membrane glycoprotein and belongs to the tumour necrosis factor receptor family.CD30+ve CTCL is indolent whereas CD30-ve CTCL is aggressive.This is reflected in their 5-year survival rates of 90% and 15%, respectively.
THE PREVENTION OF TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: N. J. EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

It is well known that both the incidence and the maternal mortality of eclampsia in the United States are declining. During the past decade the incidence of the disease at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, as shown in the accompanying table, has been about one fourth of that observed during the first two decades of the century and less than half that seen during the twenties. At the same time a gratifying decrease in the maternal mortality of eclampsia has occurred, the death rate having fallen from over 20 per cent in the early years of the century to 5 per cent during the past decade.  Not only has the incidence of eclampsia in the general clinic population decreased, but today the disease accounts for a much smaller percentage of our total number of cases of toxemia than it did even fifteen years ago. As may be seen in chart 1,
Circulating immune complexes in patients with breast cancer.
Authors: K Hoffken, I D Meredith, R A Robins, R W Baldwin, C J Davies, R W Blamey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

In a retrospective study in women with breast cancer circulating immune complex levels were measured by radioimmunoprecipitation with 125I-Clq. Before operation all the patients showed plasma immune complex levels significantly higher than those in controls. Twelve months after mastectomy patients identified clinicopathologically as having a good prognosis had almost normal levels of immune complexes. By contrast, patients with detectable dissemination on diagnosis or those who died within 22 months after mastectomy had significantly raised plasma levels. The tumour-specific nature of the immune complexes detected remains to be shown and suggestions about the applicability of this test not only for prognosis but also for monitoring the course of malignant diseases need to be confirmed by further investigations.