tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between abnormalities in the chest radiograph and changes in pulmonary function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Authors: G. Simon, N. B. Pride, N. L. Jones, A. C. Raimondi
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Chest radiographs of 101 patients with chronic airflow obstruction were assessed for evidence of over-inflation (increased retrosternal space, low diaphragm, and increased total lung capacity), pulmonary hypertension (increase in size of heart and major pulmonary vessels) and attenuation of medium-sized pulmonary vessels. The radiological abnormalities were related to the alterations in pulmonary function. When the position of the diaphragm was low or the retrosternal space was 4·5 cm or more the average FEV<sub>1</sub> was below 1·0 litre, but severe impairment of the FEV<sub>1</sub> could be present when the position and contour of the diaphragm were normal and the retrosternal space was 2·5 cm or less. The radiological method for estimating total lung capacity agreed well with the results obtained with body plethysmography, but there was not a close correlation between the standard radiological signs of over-inflation and a large total lung capacity. When the radiograph showed widespread vascular attenuation as well as over-inflation the impairment in FEV<sub>1</sub> and other tests of pulmonary function was considerably more severe than when the radiograph showed over-inflation alone. Severe reduction in transfer factor was usually associated with changes in the pulmonary vessels. It is concluded that the radiological diagnosis of widespread emphysema can be made with confidence only when there is attenuation of pulmonary vessels as well as evidence of over-inflation. In attempting to diagnose emphysema in life all available clinical and functional data should be considered in conjunction with the radiographic appearances.
Drainage sous échoendoscopie des collections abdominales post-opératoires. Résultats d'une étude rétrospective chez 36 patients
Authors: M Giovannini, E Bories, C Pesenti, F Caillol, JR Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Les collections abcédées post-opératoires représentent la complications la plus fréquentes notamment en cas de chirurgie pancréatique. Le drainage sous échoendoscopie des pseudokystes du pancréas est actuellement bien codifié notamment pour les pseudokystes ne comprimant pas la paroi digestive; nous avons évalué la même technique de drainage pour les collections abcédées post-opératoires.
THE NERVOUS RELATION IN DISEASES OF THE NUTRITIVE SYSTEM.
Authors: HENRY S. DRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

We may postulate as a general statement that those who have given attention to the causal relations of American dyspepsia are agreed that our social habits, our methods of business, our irregularities and excesses of diet, and our nerve excitability, lie at the bottom of most of our stomach troubles. As a single causal factor it would be agreed that the wear and tear incident upon our excessive nerve activities as a people are much too severe for the maintenance of gastric integrity. The strain almost continuously put upon the central nervous system reacts disastrously at the sympathetic foci of food conversion. Nevertheless, it is not the amount of work actually done, not the muscular exertion nor the nerve labor in itself that are responsible for the diseases of the stomach and intestine; but it is the manner in which the work is done, the excitement and irritation to which
Immunologic, Psychological, and Neuropsychological Factors in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Controlled Study
Authors: Gregory E. Simon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To examine the role of immunologic, psychological, and neuropsychological factors in multiple chemical sensitivity.Case-control comparison.Community allergy practice (cases), university-based clinics for musculoskeletal injuries (controls).Forty-one patients with chemical sensitivity and 34 control patients with chronic musculoskeletal injuries.Immunologic measures included autoantibody titers, lymphocyte surface markers, and interleukin-1 generation by monocytes. Psychological evaluation included standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization.Immunologic testing did not differentiate patients with chemical sensitivity from controls. The only difference noted (lower interleukin-1 generation among cases) appeared attributable to laboratory methods. Patients with chemical sensitivity reported greater prevalence of current anxiety or depressive disorder (44% versus 15%, P = 0.006). This difference, however, did not appear to precede the onset of chemical sensitivity, and 25% of chemically sensitive patients showed no significant current psychological disturbance. Cases reported significantly more "medically unexplained" physical symptoms before and after the onset of chemical sensitivity. When considering only symptoms that preceded chemical sensitivity, 25% of cases (and no controls) satisfied criteria for somatization disorder. Neuropsychological testing revealed no significant case-control differences.Immunologic testing failed to confirm findings from earlier uncontrolled studies, militating against proposed immunologic mechanisms. The decreased memory and concentration frequently described in multiple chemical sensitivity were not confirmed by brief neuropsychological testing. Psychological symptoms, although not necessarily etiologic, are a central component of chemical sensitivity.
Obituary Listing
Authors: Charles J. Rainey
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-Term Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection in Primary Hematopoietic Cells by Lentiviral Vector Delivery of a Triple Combination of Anti-HIV shRNA, Anti-CCR5 Ribozyme, and a Nucleolar-Localizing TAR Decoy
Authors: Ming-Jie Li, James Kim, Shirley Li, John Zaia, Jiing-Kuan Yee, Joseph Anderson, Ramesh Akkina, John J. Rossi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Combinatorial therapies for the treatment of HIV-1 infection have proven to be effective in reducing patient viral loads and slowing the progression to AIDS. We have developed a series of RNA-based inhibitors for use in a gene therapy-based treatment for HIV-1 infection. The transcriptional units have been inserted into the backbone of a replication-defective lentiviral vector capable of transducing a wide array of cell types, including CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. The combinatorial therapeutic RNA vector harbors a U6 Pol III promoter-driven short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the rev and tat mRNAs of HIV-1, a U6 transcribed nucleolar-localizing TAR RNA decoy, and a VA1-derived Pol III cassette that expresses an anti-CCR5 ribozyme. Each of these therapeutic RNAs targets a different gene product and blocks HIV infection by a distinct mechanism. Our results demonstrate that the combinatorial vector suppresses HIV replication long term in a more-than-additive fashion relative to the single shRNA or double shRNA/ribozyme or decoy combinations. Our data demonstrate the validity and efficacy of a combinatorial RNA-based gene therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
A COMPARATIVE APPRAISAL OF THREE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES
Authors: REGINE K. STIX
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Obstetricians, gynecologists and public health officers agree that the woman with serious systemic disease who becomes pregnant, when pregnancy constitutes an additional health hazard, contributes heavily to maternal morbidity and mortality. In advising his patients about the prevention of pregnancy, however, the physician is somewhat hampered by the fact that, because of inadequacies in the statistical technics used, much of the published material in the field of contraception has failed to give a reliable comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and acceptability of available methods.1In most instances, therefore, physicians have confined their advice on contraception either to blanket advice not to become pregnant or to the prescription of the occlusive diaphragm with jelly, a method which has been almost universally prescribed in contraceptive clinics.  In an attempt to learn just how various types of people have been served by existing contraceptive services and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of
Exercises in Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: Ronald D. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book on bone is the third in a series of paperbacks designed specifically with medical students in mind. As with the senior author's previous works (with the able assistance of the coauthors), the subject material is presented in an easy-to-read style. The radiographs are of good quality and well reproduced so that the critical features are easily recognized. These are combined with an excellent logical approach to the subject of bone disease. The authors have included a large number of normal radiographs for comparison with the pathological areas. The subject material is presented in groups of progressively more difficult problems, related by symptoms or roentgen appearances. With the help of appropriate clinical data which often includes subtle diagnostic clues plus the previously learned approach to the film, a reasonable diagnosis may be reached. A brief discussion of the disease state is then given, so a clinical correlation is maintained
Myocardial protection with preconditioning.
Authors: G C Li, J A Vasquez, K P Gallagher, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Myocardial preconditioning with brief coronary artery occlusions before a sustained ischemic period is reported to reduce infarct size. To determine the number of occlusive episodes required to produce the preconditioning effect, we performed single or multiple occlusions of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) followed by a sustained occlusion (60 minutes) of the LCx. Anesthetized dogs underwent one (P1), six (P6), or 12 (P12) 5-minute occlusions of the LCx. Each occlusion period was followed by a 10-minute reperfusion period. A 60-minute occlusion of the LCx followed the preconditioning sequences. A control group received a 60-minute occlusion of the LCx without preconditioning. All groups were subjected to 6 hours of reperfusion after which the heart was removed for calculating infarct size (IS), area at risk (AR), and left ventricular mass (LV). The IS/AR ratio for the control group was 29.8 +/- 4.4% (n = 17), which was substantially greater (p less than 0.001) than that of the preconditioned groups: P1, 3.9 +/- 1.3% (n = 14); P6, 0.4 +/- 0.3% (n = 5); and P12, 2.9 +/- 2.8% (n = 5). There were no significant differences in the IS/AR ratio among the three preconditioned groups. The AR/LV ratio was comparable among all groups and did not differ statistically: control, 40.4 +/- 1.3%; P1, 36.2 +/- 1.7%; P6, 36.1 +/- 1.7%; and P12, 37.3 +/- 2.1%. Collateral blood flow to the inner two thirds of the risk region determined with radiolabeled microspheres during ischemia did not differ significantly between the control group (0.03 +/- 0.01 ml/min/g, n = 8) and single occlusion group (0.06 +/- 0.02 ml/min/g, n = 8), indicating that the marked disparity in infarct size could not be attributed to differences in collateral blood flow. The data indicate that preconditioning with one brief ischemic interval is as effective as preconditioning with multiple ischemic periods.
STUDIES ON CULTURE STRAINS OF EUROPEAN AND MURINE TYPHUS
Authors: Clara Nigg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. A strain of European typhus (Breinl) has been carried in cultures by means of successive transfers for a period of 1(1/2) years, the rickettsiae in such cultures being quite as numerous as in similar cultures of murine strains of typhus. 2. The virulence of the cultures of European typhus has remained constant throughout the period of cultivation, although, on the whole, the scrotal lesions caused by the later culture generations were somewhat less marked than those produced by the first generations. 3. A strain of murine typhus has been similarly carried in cultures for 4 years with no apparent loss in pathogenicity. 4. The characteristic scrotal lesion in murine typhus in guinea pigs is apparently referable to actual predilection of this strain for the tunica tissue rather than to the number of rickettsiae injected.
358 INTERLEUKIN 6 – 174 G/C POLYMORPHISM INFLUENCES THE OUTCOME OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN HUMANS
Authors: E. Fornasiere, G. Fattovich, D. Bitetto, E. Fumolo, A. Cussigh, E. Fontanini, E. Falleti, R. Minisini, C. Fabris, M. Pirisi, P. Toniutto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Prevention of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
Authors: W. Allen Hauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Every year, more than 500,000 people in the United States have brain injuries caused by cranial trauma.1 2 3 The incidence of brain injury is highest in the young adult population. In the majority, brain injury is manifested only by a brief loss of consciousness, and the risk of subsequent epilepsy in these patients is similar to that in the general population. About 15 percent, however, have severe injury.1 , 2 The mortality among patients with severe brain injury (those with prolonged coma, intracranial bleeding, or both) is high: less than 50 percent will survive their injury.1 , 2 The survivors of severe head injury are . . .
Haemophiliac patient goes to High Court to get synthetic factor VIII
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A man with haemophilia who has tested positive for HIV and hepatitis C went to the High Court in London last week to try to force his local primary care trust to fund treatment with synthetic blood products.

The case of Peter Longstaff, aged 45, who has refused treatment with factor VIII derived from human blood plasma since 2000 because of concerns about its safety, is being treated by the court as a matter of urgency because his health is gradually …
THE EFFECT OF dl-METHIONINE, l-CYSTINE, AND dl-ISOLEUCINE ON THE UTILIZATION OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED DOG HEMOGLOBIN
Authors: Leon L. Miller, Eric L. Alling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. Further observations on the utilization of parenterally administered dog hemoglobin show that oral supplements of dl-methionine and l-cystine improve the efficiency of utilization of hemoglobin N, while a fed supplement of dl-isoleucine alone is without effect. 2. When N-isoleucine is added to a fed supplement of methionine or methionine and cystine, the utilization of parenterally given hemoglobin N is even better than with the sulfur-containing amino acids alone. 3. A suggested approach to the problem of designing the quantitatively "ideal" amino acid mixture lies in the definition of what may be called total organism-amino acid patterns of rat, dog, man, etc. These may vary considerably not only at different developmental stages in a given species, but also certainly from one species to another. 4. Further attempts to detect globin in the peripheral circulation have pointed to the need for a highly specific procedure such as that an immunologic method may offer. 5. Reduced hemin in dog plasma migrates with alpha(1)-globulin and albumin in veronal buffer at pH 8.5 and the colored zones give strong hemochromogen absorption bands.
Hemobilia Detected by Tc-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: GARY G. WINZELBERG, MARK H. WHOLEY, FARHAD ISMAIL-BEIGI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Tc-99m labeled red blood cells were successfully used to determine the site of hemorrhage in a 67-year-old man with hemobilia. A false hepatic artery aneurysm was confirmed at angiography and ultimately successfully embolized. The relative merits of using Tc-99m labeled red blood cells for detecting sources of upper gastrointestinal bleeding are discussed.
The value of pulp fiction
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

There is more to great literature than good writing, of course, for even the most arrant nonsense can be well written. And it is my impression that the pulp writers of yesteryear were better stylists than the pulp writers of today.

Algernon Blackwood, for example, who lived from 1869 to 1951, was a fine stylist whose prose even contained subtle psychological and social observations. His plots are mainly absurd, but his urbanity is pleasurable. For example, The Wings of Horus , in which a man of overheated imagination believes himself possessed by the old Egyptian god, takes place before the first world war in an Egyptian hotel to which rich invalids have …
PROBLEMS CONCERNING INFECTIONS OF CERVIX, BODY OF UTERUS, AND FALLOPIAN TUBES
Authors: ARTHUR H. CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A dozen years ago, dilation and curettage was probably the most frequently performed gynecologic operation. This held true for the most prominent clinics as well as for less well known operating rooms. Not only was this a usual operation, but the reason assigned for scraping the uterus was most often a chronic infection, variously designated as chronic metritis, endometritis or leukorrhea. Observance of the futility of this procedure, particularly its limited value in attempts to relieve discharges, stimulated in me a desire to learn something about chronic leukorrhea and chronic infections of the uterus. These efforts, in turn, eventually led to a study of diseased fallopian tubes. <h3>THE PROBLEM OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS</h3> Four years ago a combined bacteriologic and histologic study was completed of 118 uteri removed to remedy various pathologic conditions.<sup>1</sup>The greater part of the endometrium of these uteri was excised in its entire thickness down to
Sex-Specific Chest Pain Characteristics
Authors: Manon G. van der Meer, Hendrik M. Nathoe, Yolande Appelman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in renal failure: The relation to mode of dialysis
Authors: Per-Ola A. Attman, Ola G. Samuelsson, James Moberly, Ann-Cathrine Johansson, Susanne Ljungman, Lars G. Weiss, Carolyn Knight-Gibson, Petar Alaupovic
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Zaire: Nonsexual Household Transmission of AIDS-Reply
Authors: Jonathan M. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Rothman that, as stated in the discussion section of our article, our study results do not rule out the possibility of household clustering of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) infections in Zaire. However, household clustering should not be equated with transmission through casual or "household" contact if other exposures cannot be excluded. In our preliminary study, other sources of exposure could not be investigated, since nonspouses who were seropositive could not be further evaluated. Recently, it has been shown that extrafamilial nonspousal sexual transmission represents an important risk factor in African countries and that the expected background prevalence of HIV infection in over 2300 adults in Kinshasa is over 6%.<sup>1,2</sup>In addition, the prevalence of HIV infection in blood donors in many African countries is high, and transfusions are an important source of transmission to both adults
Downregulation of eNOS mRNA expression by TNFα: identification and functional characterization of RNA–protein interactions in the 3′UTR
Authors: P Lai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

We have previously shown that downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) resulted entirely from the marked destabilization of the eNOS mRNA. As the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) in many eukaryotic mRNA has been well documented to bind regulatory trans-factors in the control of transcript stability, we have examined protein binding to this region of the eNOS mRNA. A high degree of homology amongst human and bovine 3'UTR also suggests that important functional features that are conserved through evolution are present within this region.RNA-protein interactions were studied in cross-linking assays, in which radiolabelled RNA encoding the human eNOS 3'UTR or selected sequences was incubated with cytoplasmic extracts of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Serial 5'- and 3'-truncated deletional mutations of the eNOS 3'UTR were generated to identify the specific binding sequences. eNOS mRNA expression in HUVECs was assessed by RT-PCR analysis.Using radiolabelled RNA encoding the entire 418-nucleotide 3'UTR, we have identified ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) of approximate molecular weights of 53, 56 and 66 kDa in the endothelial extracts. The formation of the 53- and 56-kDa RNPs was upregulated by TNF alpha, while the formation of the 66-kDa RNP was downregulated. Formation of the 53-kDa RNP was favoured by RNA fragments that contained sequences from the proximal and distal portions of the 3'UTR, whereas the formation of the 66-kDa RNP was favoured by RNA fragments with the AU-rich distal end. RNA fragments containing a CU-rich 158-nucleotide sequence from the medial portion of the eNOS 3'UTR (designated M158) favoured the formation of the 56-kDa RNP. Adenoviral gene transfer and overexpression of M158 RNA, as a protein-binding decoy to prevent the formation of the 56-kDa RNP on the endogenous transcripts, attenuated the TNF alpha-induced downregulation of eNOS mRNA in cultured endothelial cells.Our results demonstrate that the regulation of eNOS expression involves the specific binding of cytoplasmic proteins to highly conserved elements along the 3'UTR, and the 56-kDa RNP represents a novel regulatory trans-factor in the destabilization of eNOS transcripts.