tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Deleterious Role of Tachycardia in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: DJAVAD T. ARANI, RICHARD A. CARLETON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Eleven patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation were studied during artificially induced tachycardia to determine the influence of rapid ventricular rates on hemodynamic variables. Significant elevation of pulmonary artery pressure occurred, but no increase in calculated pulmonary arterial resistance was found. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressures rose in each patient with an average increase of 7 mm Hg. Cardiac output fell at the fastest rate in each patient. These changes from rapid ventricular rates appear to account for the functional deterioration often encountered in patients with mitral stenosis with the advent of atrial fibrillation.
Ventricular premature complexes and sudden death after myocardial infarction.
Authors: W Ruberman, E Weinblatt, J D Goldberg, C W Frank, B S Chaudhary, S Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Among 1739 male survivors of myocardial infarction, mortality over 5 years was examined in relation to presence of complex ventricular premature complexes (R on T, runs of two or more, multiform or bigeminal complexes) identified during 1 hour of monitoring. Such arrhythmia was associated with excess risk of death over the entire period. Men with R on T or runs during the hour show a 5-year sudden coronary death rate of 25%, compared with 6% of men free of premature complexes. Men with complex ventricular premature complexes are also at relatively higher risk for nonsudden cardiac death than the other men (5-year mortality 15% and 7%, respectively), but no additional disadvantage was associated with the presence of R on T or runs. Multivariate survival analyses, controlling simultaneously for other important clinical factors, identify complex ventricular premature complexes as the strongest influence on risk of sudden coronary death and congestive heart failure as the strongest influence on risk of other cardiac death.
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Genotypes and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marcel Lechin, Miguel A. Quiñones, Ahmad Omran, Rita Hill, Qun-Tao Yu, Harry Rakowski, Douglas Wigle, C.C. Liew, Michael Sole, Robert Roberts, Ali J. Marian
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The variability of the phenotypic expression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) indicates a potential role for additional modifying genes. Variants of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) gene have been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. To assess whether ACE genotypes influence the phenotypic expression of hypertrophy, we determined the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and extent of hypertrophy in 183 patients with HCM. Methods and Results LVMI was derived by the area-length method using two-dimensional echocardiograms. Extent of LVH was determined by a point score method (1 to 10 points). DNA was extracted from blood, and ACE genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with an established protocol. Amplification of DNA in the region of polymorphism by PCR of alleles I and D showed 490- and 190-bp products, respectively. ACE genotypes DD, ID, and II were present in 60, 90, and 33 patients with HCM, respectively. In genetically independent patients (n=108), the mean LVMI (g/m 2 ) was 148±35.3 in those with DD (n=35) and 134.2±33.3 in those with ID and II (n=73) genotypes ( P =.046). LVH score was 6.69±1.71 in patients with DD and 5.55±2.19 in those with ID and II genotypes ( P =.004). Regression analysis showed that ACE genotypes accounted for 3.7% and 6.5% of the variability of LVMI and LVH score ( P =.046 and P =.008, respectively). In 26 patients from a single family, LVMI and LVH score were also greater in patients with DD than in those with ID and II genotypes. ACE genotypes accounted for 14.7% and 10.4% of the variability of the LVMI and extent of hypertrophy, respectively. Conclusions ACE genotypes influence the phenotypic expression of hypertrophy in HCM.
Longitudinal Study of Untreated Chemical Diabetes
Authors: A. W. Logie, J. M. Stowers, I. Dingwall-Fordyce
Journal: BMJ (1974)

More information is needed about the “natural history” of early diabetes mellitus. A report is presented of the progress over one to nine years of 72 patients who formed the control group of a clinical trial of chlorpropamide and placebo in the management of subclinical diabetes. Most patients showed no deterioration of carbohydrate tolerance, and only four (5·6%) progressed to overt diabetes. The findings of other published series are reviewed. Studies of the effect of treatment of early diabetes must be large scale and long term, and an untreated control group must be included to prevent apparent improvement in carbohydrate tolerance being wrongly attributed to the effect of therapy.
Pathologic consequences of STAT3 hyperactivation by IL-6 and IL-11 during hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis
Authors: Brendan J. Jenkins, Andrew W. Roberts, Claire J. Greenhill, Meri Najdovska, Therese Lundgren-May, Lorraine Robb, Dianne Grail, Matthias Ernst
Journal: Blood (2006)
Regulation of Lung Cancer Metastasis by Klf4-Numb–like Signaling
Authors: Valentina Vaira, Alice Faversani, Nina M. Martin, David S. Garlick, Stefano Ferrero, Mario Nosotti, Joseph L. Kissil, Silvano Bosari, Dario C. Altieri
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Metastatic traits seem to be acquired by transformed cells with progenitor-like cancer-initiating properties, but there remains little mechanistic insight into this linkage. In this report, we show that the polarity protein Numbl, which is expressed normally in neuronal progenitors, becomes overexpressed and mislocalized in cancer cells from a variety of human tumors. Numbl overexpression relies on loss of the tumor suppressor miRNA-296-5p (miR-296), which actively represses translation of Numbl in normal cells. In turn, deregulated expression of Numbl mediates random tumor cell migration and invasion, blocking anoikis and promoting metastatic dissemination. In clinical specimens of non-small cell lung cancer, we found that Numbl overexpression correlated with a reduction in overall patient survival. Mechanistically, Numbl-mediated tumorigenesis involved suppression of a "stemness" transcriptional program driven by the stem cell programming transcription factor Klf4, thereby preserving a pool of progenitor-like cells in lung cancer. Our results reveal that Numbl-Klf4 signaling is critical to maintain multiple nodes of metastatic progression, including persistence of cancer-initiating cells, rationalizing its therapeutic exploitation to improve the treatment of advanced lung cancer.
King's Fund calls for new relationship between government and NHS
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A new agency should be set up to take over the government's role of setting targets and allocating funds in the NHS, leaving politicians free to concentrate on the bigger issues that have an impact on health, such as poverty, food, and housing, says a health think tank.

Steve Dewar, the health policy director at the King's Fund—an independent health charity—argues in a report that the current relationship between the NHS and government is too close. It encourages government to “meddle in” the day to …
Lymphosarcoma of the Appendix
Authors: F. A. Henley, W. W. Slack
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL MEMORANDADIcAL SOURNAL were palpable only.The distribution of the lesions was asymmetrical.There were none on the face, back, or neck, and there has been no evidence of suppuration.A low-grade pyrexia was present during each observed attack, but the general health has been moderately satisfactory.The history, together with the typical lesions and characteristic microscopical appearances, confirms the diagnosis.Photographs were shown to Dr. Parkes Weber, who con- sidered the appearances to be consistent with this diagnosis.Histological examination revealed necrosis of the sub- cutaneous fat.The epidermis was intact and normal.The subcutaneous fat showed extensive foci of necrosis of the fat cells, these areas being replaced by groups of lipoid- filled phagocytes.Some giant-cell reaction was seen, together with lymphocyte infiltration.
Oral Vasoconstrictors in Perennial Non‐Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: P. Broms, L. Malm
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Nasal airway resistance and nasal symptoms were evaluated in patients with perennial non‐allergic rhinitis before and after vasoconstrictory drugs and placebo taken orally. The patients were partly selected; these suffering mainly from nasal obstruction being tested. Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in a dose of 100 nig in a sustained‐release preparation clearly decreased the nasal airway resistance measured rhimomanometrically. PPA in a dose of 50 mg and combined with au antihistamine had no obvious decongesting effect. Placebo and dihydroergotamine (DHE) in a dose of 5 mg did not decrease the nasal airway resistance. PPA (100 mg) and the combined preparation containing PPA in the lower dose (50 mg) taken twice a day in across‐over, double‐blind study significantly reduced nasal obstruction, secretion, and sneezing compared with placebo. Side effects of PPA are discussed.
Medicine in the New America
Authors: Malcolm S. M. Watts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE recently enacted federal health legislation is a major milestone in the history of this nation. This and other decisive changes that have taken place, or are now occurring, are destined to have a profound effect upon medicine and the society it serves. It seems probable that there is an important fork in the road just ahead for organized medicine. It can choose to address itself to the full scope of its true professional role in the new America that is now taking shape, or by default it can become simply a trade association to protect the interests of a . . .
A recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis induces potent bactericidal immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kari A Sweeney, Dee N Dao, Michael F Goldberg, Tsungda Hsu, Manjunatha M Venkataswamy, Marcela Henao-Tamayo, Diane Ordway, Rani S Sellers, Paras Jain, Bing Chen, Mei Chen, John Kim, Regy Lukose, John Chan, Ian M Orme, Steven A Porcelli, William R Jacobs
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Oncogene-Induced Senescence: Putting the Brakes on Tumor Development
Authors: Melanie Braig, Clemens A. Schmitt
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Cellular senescence, a permanent cell cycle arrest, is considered a safeguard mechanism that may prevent aged or abnormal cells from further expansion. Although the term "replicative senescence" stands for the widely accepted model of a terminal growth arrest due to telomere attrition, the significance of "oncogene-inducible senescence" remained an issue of debate over the years. A number of recent studies now show the effect of this acute and telomere-independent form of senescence as a tumor-protective, fail-safe mechanism in vivo that shares conceptual and possibly therapeutic similarities with the genetically encoded apoptosis machinery.
Spectrum of HTLV‐III infection in a hemophilic cohort treated with blood products from a single manufacturer
Authors: Katherine M. McGrath, Denis Spelman, Mark Barnett, Sybil Kellner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract One hundred fifty‐eight hemophilia A, B, and von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients treated with clotting factor concentrates from a single manufacturer were tested for antibody to the human T‐lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV‐III). Antibody was detected in 63% and 40% of those with severe hemophilia A and B, respectively 12% and 0% of those with mild hemophilia A and B, and two patients with recessive VWD. Forty‐two antibody‐positive and 20 antibody‐negative patients were studied for clinical and laboratory features of infection. Eleven seropositive patients had clinical signs of infection including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly or diarrhea; however, only one patient had developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and only two had significant impairment of their performance status. Thirty‐one patients remained totally asymptomatic. Eight patients had a history suggestive of acute HTLV‐III infection. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 18% of seropositive patients, lymphopenia in 60%, depressed T‐helper cells in 43%, reduced T‐helper: T‐suppressor ratios (TH: TS) in 33%, and elevated platelet‐bound immunoglobulin in 53%. The antibody‐negative group had normal T‐helper cell levels (except one patient) and TH: TS ratios, and normal platelet immunoglobulin levels. Both groups demonstrated a significant elevation of immunoglobulin levels and a high prevalence of antinuclear factor and antismooth muscle antibodies. The mean level of IgG was significantly higher in the antibody‐positive group. This study confirms the correlation between HTLV‐III infection and reduced T‐helper cells in hemophiliacs but demonstrates a low incidence of clinical symptomatology. There was evidence of polyclonal B‐cell hyperactivity in the antibody‐negative group as well as the seropositive group.
Spontaneous Hypoglycaemia after Insulin Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. D. Kersley, L. Mandel, K. B. Taylor, M. R. Jeffrey
Journal: BMJ (1951)

HYPOGLYCAEMLA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS rDIsHNAThe clinical response to hypoglycaemia was compared with subsequent A.C.T.H. treatment and was found to correlate closely.The possible mechanism and practical value of hypo- glycaemic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis are discussed.We would like to express our appreciation of the help given by the nursing and laboratory staff of the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, and of the grant made by the Empire Rheumatism Council towards laboratory expenses.
Molecular Predictive Factors for Progression of High-Grade Preinvasive Bronchial Lesions
Authors: Mathieu Salaün, Richard Sesboüé, Sophie Moreno-Swirc, Josette Metayer, Suzanna Bota, Jeannette Bourguignon, Luc Thiberville
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

The outcome of precancerous bronchial lesions is not well known, and their management is subject to controversy. Many molecular alterations are present in preinvasive lesions, but none has been assessed to predict the evolution of the lesions.To analyze the outcome of high-grade precancerous lesions according to their molecular profile.Twenty-three severe dysplasia and 31 carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions in 37 patients were monitored using repeated autofluorescence bronchoscopy over a 12-year period. Microdissection and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed on paraffin tissue sections to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability on chromosome 3p, 5q, and 9p. Histology and molecular status at baseline were compared between 7 lesions that became invasive, 11 that relapsed after treatment, 17 that were eradicated with local treatment, and 19 that spontaneously regressed.Ninety-four percent of lesions that progressed or relapsed were CIS at baseline, whereas 79% of spontaneously regressing lesions were severe dysplasia (P < 0.0001). 3p and 9p LOH was more frequent in CIS than in severe dysplasia (P = 0.03). In the whole group of lesions as well as in the CIS group, 3p LOH was strongly associated with progression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Microsatellite instability was not associated with the outcome of the lesions. A therapeutic strategy based on the presence of 3p or 9p LOH would have led to overtreatment of six lesions but would have missed only 1 among the 18 progressing lesions.Baseline histology and 3p LOH analysis appear to be useful in predicting the outcome of high-grade precancerous lesions.
PARANASAL SINUS DISEASE IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: L. W. DEAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The complications of paranasal sinus infection in infants and young children are numerous. Acute suppurative paranasal sinus disease and acute suppurative otitis media go together. Numerous ocular conditions, phlyctenular conjunctivitis, iritis, retrobulbar neuritis and choroiditis are usually benefited by the treatment of the coexistent paranasal sinus disease. Dr. McCullough of New York has seen three cases of retrobulbar neuritis secondary to paranasal sinus disease in children under 14 years of age. Dr. White of Boston, recalls several cases of involvement of the optic nerve of children 5 years of age and older. Dr. Gregg of Sioux Falls had a similar case in a child, aged 8 years. There may be an interdependence between chronic multiple infectious arthritis and paranasal sinus disease in infants and young children. The absorption of bacterial protein from an infection of the sinus may be an etiologic factor in the causation of asthma in childhood. In
Aspirin desensitization in patients with aspirin-induced and aspirin-tolerant asthma: A double-blind study
Authors: Monika Świerczyńska-Krępa, Marek Sanak, Grażyna Bochenek, Paweł Stręk, Adam Ćmiel, Anna Gielicz, Hanna Plutecka, Andrzej Szczeklik, Ewa Niżankowska-Mogilnicka
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Haematologist pleads guilty to 25 sexual offences against boys in his care
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A former consultant paediatric haematologist at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge who treated children with blood cancers has admitted a string of sexual offences against boys in his care.

Myles Bradbury, 41, pleaded guilty at Cambridge Crown Court to a total of 25 sexual offences against 18 boys, including 12 counts of engaging in non-penetrative sexual activity with a boy aged between 13 and 15 and seven counts of sexually assaulting …
A Case of Corticotroph Carcinoma that Caused Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies, Destructive Petrosal Bone Invasion, and Liver Metastasis
Authors: Masami Ono, Nobuhiro Miki, Kosaku Amano, Motohiro Hayashi, Takakazu Kawamata, Toshiro Seki, Kazue Takano, Satosi Katagiri, Masakazu Yamamoto, Toshio Nishikawa, Osami Kubo, Toshiaki Sano, Tomokatsu Hori, Yoshikazu Okada
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)

A 52-year-old woman experienced sudden onset of double vision due to a right abducens nerve palsy and was diagnosed as having a pituitary macroadenoma that invaded into the right cavernous sinus. Otherwise, she was asymptomatic despite marked elevation of ACTH (293 pg/ml) and cortisol (24.6 μg/dl) levels. The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery followed by γ-knife radiosurgery (GKR), which healed the diplopia and ameliorated the hypercortisolemia. The excised tumor was diffusely stained for ACTH with a high (15%) Ki-67 labeling index. Early tumor recurrence occurred twice thereafter, producing right lower cranial nerve palsies with petrosal bone destruction at 8 months and an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy at 12 months after GKR; all palsies resolved completely with the second and third GKRs. Hypercortisolemia worsened rapidly soon after the third GKR, and the patient developed marked weight gain, hypokalemia, and hypertension. Multiple liver lesions were incidentally detected with computer tomography and identified as metastatic pituitary tumor on immunohistochemistry. An ACTH-producing adenoma should be followed carefully for early recurrence and/or metastatic spread when the tumor is an invasive macroadenoma with a high proliferation marker level. The unique aggressive behavior and high potential for malignant transformation of this case are discussed.
What I know I owe to patients
Authors: J. Munro
Journal: BMJ (2014)

For James Munro , listening to and understanding patients has provided far more medical insight than formal training

When I was young I trained in medicine. I studied hard and learned many things. I was anxious, but because I knew that I knew a lot, I wasn’t afraid to make decisions. I thought I was a pretty good doctor. But I didn’t know quite how much I didn’t know.

Over the past decade, as one of the team running Patient Opinion (www.patientopinion.org.uk), a non-profit online public feedback service for UK healthcare, I have read thousands of stories of care—good and bad—contributed by patients and their relatives. Many are written with remarkable insight and thoughtfulness. And so I have come to know some of what I didn’t know then.

I didn’t know how much patients see. Many times as a young doctor I was tired, irritable, scared, or even angry with my patients. There were times when I didn’t get on with other staff or they didn’t get on with me. In many of the stories I have read it is painfully clear that patients and relatives often see all of this. My obliviousness wasn’t …
The Na+/H+ exchanger modulates the fibrogenic effect of oxidative stress in rat hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Gianluca Svegliati-Baroni, Antonio Di Sario, Alessandro Casini, Gianna Ferretti, Letizia D'Ambrosio, Francesco Ridolfi, Laura Bolognini, Renata Salzano, Francesco Orlandi, Antonio Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Bone Scanning in Metastatic Calcification to the Lungs
Authors: B N RAGHAVENDRA, DOROTHY I. McCAULEY, ANTHONY M. PASSALAQUA, PHILIP BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A case of pulmonary metastatic calcification demonstrated by bone scanning is presented. It appears that the sensitivity of bone scanning in the detection of these calcific deposits depends upon the nature of their crystalline structure. The nature of these calcific deposits and their relationship to bone scanning is discussed.
Some Remarks on Alleged Degeneracy.
Authors: W. D. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Oran, Scott Co., Mo., July 27, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This word does not apply to the profession at large (or as a whole). Doubtless there are many physicians who have lost their standing and good name and have ceased to study and improve, but the profession, as a whole, is on gaining ground. Doctors are wiser than ever before. There are more great men in our ranks to-day than ever before, and there are men who know more of medicine than was ever known to physicians of the past. Some of our wisest men undertake to write after their mental powers have begun to weaken, and in this sense may be called "decaydents." Others through sickness or disease may have lost their balance—but to say the profession is losing ground, and that our predecessors were a long way ahead of us is a mistake. Many of us follow strange