tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NOTE ON THE CARDIAC OUTPUT OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL OBSERVED OVER A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS
Authors: C. Sidney Burwell, G. Canby Robinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1928)

In 1924 we (1) reported the results of a study of the output of the heart in normal resting adults.At that time we commented on.the fact that two of our subjects differed in the degree of variation exhib- ited by their cardiac outputs at different times but under identical circumstances.We reported four observations of one individual whose cardiac output varied from 4540 to 6780 cc. per minute and five observations of another subject in whom five measurements scattered over a year varied only from 3700 to 3960 cc. per minute.Since that time further observations of the second subject have been made, with results which seem of interest sufficient to warrant record- ing them.The first group of measurements was made by the method of Burwell and Robinson (2), in Baltimore, Maryland, between March, 1923 and March, 1924.The second series was carried out in Nashville, Ten- nessee, by the method of Bock, Field, Gildea and Lathrop (3), between January, 1927 and February, 1928.All observations were made under conditions as nearly identical as could be arranged.The measurements were made in the morning, with the subject fasting, and after he had rested for thirty minutes or more in a reclining chair.The results are exhibited in table 1.It will be observed first, that the pulse rate, basal metabolic rate, and respiratory quotient are remarkably constant throughout the whole series of observations.Second, the cardiac output, with the exception of three mesure- ments made in June, 1927, varies only from 3620 cc. per minute to Of CC.CC.per per C.
DNR Orders and Medical Futility
Authors: David P. Eisenman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Editorial<sup>1</sup>regarding the study by Dr Curtis and colleagues,<sup>2</sup>Ms Alpers and Dr Lo note that the study may "underestimate problems" experienced at institutions without the "distinguished" bioethical experience of the setting of Curtis and colleagues. Specifically, I believe this to be true: in hospitals where physicians are not experienced with futility decisions, the "slow code" becomes the predominant method of limiting the inappropriate use of CPR. A slow code is distinguished from other attempts at CPR by its purpose: to appear as a resuscitative effort but without the intention of therapeutic benefit for the patient. A slow code feigns medical therapy and serves nonmedical purposes such as avoiding the perceived legal risks of writing a DNAR order based on futility. During my residency training in internal medicine, completed in 1993 in New York City, the use of slow codes was common, while
Charging for primary care disproportionately affects the poor
Authors: D. Porteous
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I was disturbed that the discredited neoliberal economic theories found throughout the UK mainstream media have made it into The BMJ , usually a haven from such reactionary and damaging ideas.1

The notion that Britain can no longer afford healthcare free at the point of need, and that the NHS should be partially funded by patients being taxed to use primary care, is wrong. It …
1008-8 Complex Anatomical Substrates of Right-sided Accessory Fibers with Mahaim-Type Preexcitation
Authors: Riccardo Cappato, Michael Schlüter, Jürgen Siebels, Matthias Antz, Christian Weiss, Thomas Meinertz, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Disruption of the Ang II type 1 receptor promotes longevity in mice
Authors: Ariela Benigni, Daniela Corna, Carla Zoja, Aurelio Sonzogni, Roberto Latini, Monica Salio, Sara Conti, Daniela Rottoli, Lorena Longaretti, Paola Cassis, Marina Morigi, Thomas M. Coffman, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the etiology of hypertension and the pathophysiology of cardiac and renal diseases in humans. Ang II is the central product of this system and is involved in regulating immune responses, inflammation, cell growth, and proliferation by acting through Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1 and AT2). Here, we show that targeted disruption of the Agtr1a gene that encodes AT1A results in marked prolongation of life span in mice. Agtr1a–/– mice developed less cardiac and vascular injury, and multiple organs from these mice displayed less oxidative damage than wild-type mice. The longevity phenotype was associated with an increased number of mitochondria and upregulation of the prosurvival genes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) and sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) in the kidney. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, Ang II downregulated Sirt3 mRNA, and this effect was inhibited by an AT1 antagonist. These results demonstrate that disruption of AT1 promotes longevity in mice, possibly through the attenuation of oxidative stress and overexpression of prosurvival genes, and suggests that the Ang II/AT1 pathway may be targeted to influence life span in mammals.
Health workers in British Columbia must be vaccinated against flu or wear a mask, new policy says
Authors: C. Santry
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A Cochrane reviewer has accused a Canadian health chief of misquoting his work to justify a “tyrannical” policy forcing staff to be vaccinated against flu or wear a mask.

Under the policy, being introduced from 1 December, health workers in British Columbia who refuse to be vaccinated must wear a mask throughout the flu season. All those who have had the vaccine will be given a distinctive badge to wear.

British Columbia’s provincial health officer, Perry Kendall, told the Vancouver Sun earlier this month that a Cochrane review had referenced studies showing that vaccinating workers protected patients from flu and …
Does Tobacco Advertising Target Young People to Start Smoking?
Authors: John P. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate whether tobacco advertising encourages teenagers younger than 18 years to start smoking. <h3>Design.</h3> —Comparison of 1990 California telephone survey data with data from a 1986 national telephone survey (both used a random-digit dialing system); 95% confidence intervals were calculated. To test our hypothesis, we considered whether the perception of advertising was related to age, whether the pattern of market share across age and sex groups followed the pattern of perceived advertising, and whether changes in market share paralleled changes in advertising as perceived by the youngest age group. <h3>Participants.</h3> —There were 24296 adults and 5040 teenagers. <h3>Results.</h3> —The most advertised brands of cigarettes were Marlboro, according to 33.6% of adults and 41.8% of teenagers, and Camel, according to 13.7% of adults and 28.5% of teenagers—named most often by 12- to 13-year-olds (34.2%). The brands that were purchased most often were Marlboro and Camel. Together these were the brands of choice of 79.9% of males and 85% of females aged 12 through 17 years. Marlboro's market share increased in youths and young adults up to age 24 years and then decreased gradually with age; Camel's market share decreased abruptly with age: it was the brand of choice of 24.5%±5.8% of males aged 12 through 17 years but was chosen by only 12.7%±3.6% of males aged 18 through 24 years; for females, 21.7%±13.7% aged 12 through 17 years chose Camels, while only 5.5%±3.2% aged 18 through 24 years preferred this brand. Both Marlboro and Camel brands had a higher market share in California in 1990 compared with that for the United States in 1986. Of interest is that the market share for Camel increased among the younger smokers but was more evenly distributed for Marlboro. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Perception of advertising is higher among young smokers; market-share patterns across age and sex groups follow the perceived advertising patterns; and changes in market share resulting from advertising occur mainly in younger smokers. Cigarette advertising encourages youth to smoke and should be banned. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3154-3158)
Qui Tam: Suing Physicians Who Make False Claims
Authors: David C. Hsia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

The 1986 False Claims Act Amendments authorize private citizens to sue on behalf of the U.S. government to recover federal funds from fraudulent recipients. The "relator" receives a share of any proceeds from a successful lawsuit. Originally enacted because of defense procurement scandals, this statute also applies to federal payments for health care (for example, Medicare, Medicaid, Civilian Health and Medical Program for Uniformed Services payments; veterans benefits; and research grants). Physicians can expect qui tam litigation to increase in the future.
Electrocardiocorder—AVSEP Patterns as Seen in Angina Pectoris.
Authors: J. S. Gilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Electrocardiocorder—AVSEP Patterns as Seen in Angina Pectoris.J. S. Gilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. S. Gilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-716_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the course of clinical trials using the Electrocardiocorder, (AVSEP)® analysis devices developed at the Holter Research Foundation Laboratory in Helena, Montana, we have accumulated 40 recording periods of 5 hours each on 30 patients having, or seriously suspected of having angina pectoris. The Electrocardiocorder records electrocardiographic potentials on slowly moving tape; AVSEP rapidly superimposes each successive PQRST pattern as projected on an oscilloscopic screen so that changing PQRST patterns form a "fast-motion" movie.We have identified clear examples of subclinical angina by observing anginal AVSEP patterns in patients with and without pain, under separate, but similar circumstances. We have... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLangzeit-Elektrokardiographie 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 716-716KeywordsAnginaClinical trialsElectrocardiographyElectrode recordingResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone causes vasodilatation in the anesthetized dog.
Authors: B S Gan, K L MacCannell, M D Hollenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO) administered intraarterially was a potent dilator in dog femoral (FEM), superior (cephalic) mesenteric (SMA), celiac (CAC), coronary (COR), carotid (CAR), and renal (REN) vascular beds. The effects of EGF-URO, which exhibited tachyphylaxis, could not be attributed either to recirculating EGF-URO or to the secondary release of other agonists or products of the cyclooxygenase pathway. Two vascular beds (FEM, SMA) showed a high maximum responsiveness to EGF-URO (maximum effect [Emax] approximately equal to 70% increase in flow) whereas another group (CAC, COR, CAR, and REN) exhibited lower responsiveness (Emax approximately equal to 20%). The ED50 for this effect of EGF-URO was in the range of 0.4 micrograms (FEM, SMA, CAR, and COR) to 0.9 micrograms (CAC and REN). In isolated dog COR helical strips, EGF-URO did not exhibit either a direct relaxing or a contractile effect. However, preincubation of strips with EGF-URO caused up to a 66% inhibition of contraction in response to norepinephrine (1 microM), with an ED50 for EGF-URO of 1 nM. This action of EGF-URO also showed marked tachyphylaxis. Our data point to a potential role for EGF-URO (and possibly for the structurally related alpha-transforming growth factor) in the regulation of blood flow in vivo.
From explicit to implicit learning in ACL injury prevention?
Authors: A Benjaminse, M Bisschop, P Schoenmakers, E Otten
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Despite reported early successes, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates have not diminished. Currently explicit learning strategies are mainly used for prevention. However, this may be unsuitable for the control of complex motor skills. Objective The purpose was to investigate explicit and implicit learning while keeping balance on a 4 mm narrow ridge. Results can contribute to the development of ACL injury prevention programs. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Laboratory based study with recreational athletes. Participants 60 healthy subjects between 18 and 24 years were recruited from the university population. Females (n=36) and males (n=24) were equally distributed over three groups; implicit learning, explicit learning and the control group. Interventions Balance time on the ridge was investigated where the groups received different types of feedback after each trial; implicit (visual feedback from video of the best trial so far), explicit (instructions) and no feedback. During the retention test after 2 weeks none of the subjects received any feedback. All subjects conducted 25 trials during both measurements. The independent t-test was used in SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) where the alpha level was set a priori at p&lt;0.05. Main outcome Measures Grow of balance time (based on first grade regression line). Results Growth during the intervention for implicit, explicit and control was 2.36 (SD ± 3.21; p=0.009), 1.53 (SD ± 2.09; p=0.001) and 0.84 (SD ± 1.26; p=0.209) respectively. Growth of the implicit group was significantly different from the control group (p=0.03). No other significant differences were found. Growth and group differences were not significant from each other during the retention test (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion Before use in the clinical setting, future research is needed to evaluate and improve the learning strategies. SD were high, which could explain the results.
P2-15-06: Breast Cancer Liver Metastases – Possibilities and Limits of Surgical Treatment.
Authors: A Narsanska, I Treskova, V Treska, T Skalicky, A Sutnar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) are often considered as a sign of a systemic disease with little hope of therapeutic success. The aim of study was to assess the possibilities and determine the limits of the surgical treatment of BCLM. Method: 646 patients were operated for malignant and benign lesions of the liver between 1999 and 2010. Liver surgery for BCLM was performed in 21 women of the average age of 48.5 years (33-71). The average time from the primary surgery for breast cancer till BCLM diagnosis was 4.7 years (2 months - 9 years). BCLM were solitary in 17 and in four cases multiple. Patient selection for liver surgery was based on sufficient future remnant liver volume, the absence of systemic non-resectable tumor dissemination and response to chemotherapy. The authors performed six right-sided hepatectomy, four segmentectomies, three left lobectomies, one metastasectomy, six radiofrequency ablations (RFA), one combined procedure -liver resection and RFA. Histological examination revealed ductal carcinoma in fourteen and lobular carcinoma in seven cases. All patients were treated with the curative adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. The data were statistically evaluated by statistical software Statistica 9.0. Results: 30 - days mortality rate was 0%. One patient had a complicated hepatectomy with iatrogenic bile duct injury. According to statistical analysis the probability of patients survival twelve, resp. thirty months after surgery was 100, resp. 66.7% and the probability of the tumor relapse anywhere in the body was at the same time intervals 0, resp. 71. 5%. Conclusion: Liver surgery combined with the adjuvant chemotherapy are a therapeutic methods of choice for highly selected patients with metastases limited to the liver and objective response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study was supported by the research projects IGA MZ NS 9727 and IGA MZ NS 102 40. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-06.
Ras Stimulation of E2F Activity and a Consequent E2F Regulation of Integrin α6β4 Promote the Invasion of Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Sang-Oh Yoon, Sejeong Shin, Arthur M. Mercurio
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Active Ras proteins contribute to breast carcinogenesis and progression. Here, we provide evidence that active H-Ras regulates the expression and activity of the E2F family of transcription factors in SUM-159 breast carcinoma cells. In addition, we show by using a DNA-binding mutant of E2F, as well as expression of specific E2Fs that are transcriptionally active, that the active E2Fs1-3 can mediate the H-Ras-dependent invasion of SUM-159 cells. The inhibitory E2Fs4-5, in contrast, do not influence invasion. One mechanism by which the active E2Fs promote H-Ras-dependent invasion seems to be their ability to increase expression of the β4 integrin subunit, a component of the α6β4 integrin that is known to enhance carcinoma invasion. Specifically, expression of E2Fs1-3 increased β4 mRNA, protein, and cell surface expression. The active E2Fs were unable to stimulate invasion in cells that expressed a β4 short hairpin RNA. This effect of the active E2Fs on β4 expression does not seem to result from E2F-mediated β4 transcription because the β4 promoter lacks known E2F binding motifs. In summary, the data reported here indicate a novel mechanism by which H-Ras can promote the invasion of breast carcinoma cells. This mechanism links active H-Ras, transcriptionally active E2F, and the α6β4 integrin in a common pathway that culminates in enhanced α6β4-dependent invasion. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6288-95)
Idiopathic Hypercalcemia of Infancy, with Failure to Thrive
Authors: Alfred M. Bongiovanni, Walter R. Eberlein, Iris T. Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE syndrome of "idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy, with failure to thrive" has been reported with some frequency in the United Kingdom during the past few years. It appears to be relatively uncommon in North America, only 2 cases having been recorded in some detail1 , 2 and 2 others briefly noted.3 The reasons for this discrepancy in incidence among two populations, similar in many ways, are not understood.Three infants with this condition, which was severe in 1 and mild in 2, have been observed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia within a period of two years. This communication is presented to . . .
Campaigners seek release of Iranian doctors
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Concern is growing for the welfare of two doctors who have been held without charge in Iran for almost three months. The two brothers, Arash and Kamiar Alaei, are both world renowned specialists in HIV and infectious diseases. Kamiar is currently a PhD candidate in New York, while Arash had been scheduled to speak at the recent international AIDS conference in Mexico City, where numerous demonstrators drew attention to his absence.

For more than a decade the Alaei brothers have fought for the prevention and treatment of HIV and …
Should NHS patients be allowed to contribute extra money to their care?
Authors: C. Richards, R. Dingwall, A. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The founders of the NHS were guided by the 1942 Beveridge report and wanted to ensure that “the best that science can do is available for the treatment of every citizen at home and in institutions, irrespective of his personal means.”1 The achievability of this assumption has been questioned ever since. Weale has argued that it is impossible to have universal access to the highest quality of care associated with freedom from cost at the point of need.2 Widespread access may have to compromise quality. Sikora recently suggested that poor UK cancer survival rates reflect a lack of NHS resources to make available “the best that science can do.”3 He argued in a national newspaper that NHS patients should be allowed to pay for additional treatment.4

#### Summary points

Rationing occurs when markets deny goods to citizens—even when the citizens have the resources to buy goods

Patients wishing to supplement their NHS provision by buying extra treatments bring libertarian and egalitarian values into conflict

The NHS currently proscribes mixed private and public provision of care during a treatment episode, yet such provision does take place

Attitudes are shifting about whether the NHS should allow patients to supplement their care from their own resources

This proposal to allow patients to pay for additional treatment was debated by the Nottingham ethics of clinical practice committee5 in a case referred by a consultant oncologist. The patient was a man in his late 40s with a brain tumour whose prognosis with conventional treatment was poor. The patient had searched the internet and discovered that a drug marketed specifically for his condition was available and had asked the consultant for it. He was told that the drug was considered to be of marginal benefit, and the hospital could not provide it owing to …
The Population Crisis and the Use of World Resources
Authors: Robin F. Badgley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

These 49 essays on the growth and control of population and the use of natural resources represent the concern of a group of undergraduates at Stanford University and of the charter members of the World Academy of Art and Science. According to Julian Huxley, over half the world's population are underfed, underhealthy, underhoused, underwealthy, undereducated and, in general, underprivileged. These conditions will prevail, and probably deteriorate further, until the growth of the world's population has been checked. The countries least prepared economically to cope with the repercussions of the situation are those with the most rapidly growing populations.  Articles by leading population experts deal with the effects of economic, social, and political factors on population growth, the problems involved in the physiological control of fertility, and several experimental programs of planned parenthood. In a second section essays describe available natural resources and outline programs for increased efficiency in harnessing them.
936. Novel Oncolytic HSV-1 Mutant Expressing ICP 34.5 under the Transcriptional Control of Musashi1 Promoter for the Treatment of Gliomas
Authors: Takahito Yazaki, Ryuichi Kanai, Hideyuki Okano, Takeshi Kawase
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Although HSV-1 mutants possessing deletions in both copies of the ICP134.5 gene have been proven safe through a number of animal experiments and clinical trials, their therapeutic efficacy was also markedly reduced. In order to overcome this situation, we concentrated on the use of tumor-specific promoter in this study, to express ICP34.5 selectively in malignant glioma cells. As a molecular marker for malignant glioma, we focused on the neural RNA binding protein, Musashi1. Based on the results of defective vector dvM345, as reported earlier, we created, via homologous recombination, a novel HSV-1 vector termed KeM34.5, which expresses ICP34.5 under the transcriptional control of Musashi1gene promoter (P/ musashi1). Cytotoxicity mediated by KeM34.5 was significantly enhanced in human glioma cell lines (U87MG, U87MG-E6, U251, and T98G), resulting in about 2 log increase of viral yield, compared to its parental vector G207. This virus showed a much higher therapeutic efficacy also in the in vivo glioma model, while maintaining the desirable neuroattenuated phenotype. These results suggest that the oncolytic HSV-1 expressing ICP34.5 under the transcriptional control of Musashi1 gene promoter can be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant glioma.
TCT-15 Histo-Morphometric Evaluation of 2D Characteristics and 3D Sympathetic Renal Nerve Distribution in Hypertensive vs. Normotensive Patients
Authors: Giuseppe Sangiorgi, Francesca Servadei, Stefan Tunev, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Giorgio Gobbi, Elena Giacobbi, Luigi Politi, Fabiana Rollini, Alessandro Mauriello
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)