tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide
Authors: W. E. Cornatzer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We have studied the therapeutic utility and limitations of chlorpropamide (Diabinese) in 125 carefully selected patients for over two years, and we differ with some views expressed in the editorial inThe Journal, Dec. 24, 1960, page 2147. In our study, there were 12 tolbutamide failures (29%) among 41 patients under treatment for from one week to two years. All tolbutamide failures were successfully transferred to chlorpropamide, and there have been only 4 failures on this therapy to date, occurring from 6 to 18 months after transfer from tolbutamide. Moreover, among the 125 patients on chlorpropamide only 3 exhibited side effects, consisting of blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and mild hypoglycemic symptoms, immediately reversible on stoppage of the drug. Over 900 detailed studies for "hepatic, dermatologic, or hematologic toxicity" (including SGO-T, SGP-T, and alkaline phosphatase studies, electrophoretic patterns, and cephalin flocculation tests) failed to disclose a single
Comparison of Prognostic Signatures in Node-Negative Tamoxifen-Treated Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: V. Müller, M. Schmidt, A. Rody, K. Milde-Langosch, M. Kaufmann, H. Kölbl, F. Jänicke, K. Weber, M. Gehrmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: A number of molecular signatures have been published to aid breast cancer prognosis and therapy response prediction. A 76-gene signature has been developed in a node-negative patient cohort that did not receive systemic therapy.1 Another prognostic 97-gene signature measures predominantly proliferation-associated genes.2 Finally, a 21-gene signature has been developed for node-negative and estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting.3 Here we compare the prognostic performance of all three published algorithms in a cohort of 189 node-negative breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen.Materials and Methods: Fresh-frozen tumors from node-negative patients were profiled on HG-U133a arrays. In addition, HG-U133a datasets with clinical annotation were downloaded from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). All patients received tamoxifen only as adjuvant treatment after surgery. We determined the molecular subclass on the basis of ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA expression; only ESR1-positive and ERBB2-negative tumors were considered for further analysis, leaving 141 in-house and 48 public datasets. After mapping of the gene signatures to the HG-U133a platform, we performed Cox regression and ROC curve analysis with distant metastasis as endpoint.Results: Cox regression analysis yielded a significant outcome association for all three gene signatures (76-gene signature: P = 0.0018; 97-gene signature: P = 0.0294; 21-gene signature: P = 0.0025) in the whole ESR1+/ERBB2– cohort. However, the 97-gene signature did not yield a significant result by ROC analysis for distant metastasis at 5 years (76-gene signature: AUC = 0.645, CI = 0.505–0.785; 97-gene signature: AUC = 0.608, CI = 0.462–0.754; 21-gene signature: AUC = 0.744, CI = 0.633–0.854). In addition, when the analysis was restricted to grade 2 tumors (n = 114), only the 21-gene signature remained prognostic by Cox regression (76-gene signature: P = 0.2405; 97-gene signature: P = 0.9001; 21-gene signature: P = 0.047) as well as by ROC curve analysis at 5 years (76-gene signature: AUC = 0.575, CI = 0.398–0.751; 97-gene signature: AUC = 0.532, CI = 0.347–0.717; 21-gene signature: AUC = 0.699, CI = 0.549–0.849).Discussion: While all three gene signatures reveal a significant outcome association in our whole patient cohort by Cox regression analysis, only the 21-gene signature remains significant in a subset analysis of grade 2 tumors. Since this group is clinically particularly challenging, further comparison between prognostic gene signatures in homogeneously treated patient cohorts is needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 104.
Comparison of Supine Versus Prone Tomographic Myocardial Imaging
Authors: RACHEL M. SCHOSS, RALPH J. GORTEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

As in most other nuclear medicine facilities, tomographic myocardial imaging was started here with the patients in the supine position. However, previous planar imaging experience indicated a high number of false-positive results using the supine position for left lateral views of the myocardium. Evaluating the accuracy of supine position SPECT imaging was considered necessary. In 1991, 228 myocardial imaging procedures were performed during a period of 3 months. Coronary arteriography followed within 3 months in 67 of these patients, permitting evaluation of the accuracy of the imaging procedure interpretations. These correlations revealed the accuracy of myocardial imaging to be only 73%. This was caused mainly by a rather large number of false-positive results (24%) occuring mostly in the inferior-posterior wall. A similar comparison was performed in 1992 after a change to prone position for routine tomographic myocardial imaging with 63 of 295 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. These data revealed an increase in the overall accuracy to 81% and a decrease in the false-positive results to 16%. The improvements were almost entirely in the inferior-posterior regions with no significant change in the false-positive results in the anterior wall. These findings provide convincing evidence that the prone position should be selected for tomographic myocardial imaging.
Biosynthesis of the transferrin receptor in rabbit reticulocytes.
Authors: T M Cox, M W O'Donnell, P Aisen, I M London
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

These studies were performed to determine whether the reticulocyte can synthesize its own transferrin receptor and, if so, whether synthesis is subject to translational control by intracellular heme. Reticulocytosis (20-35%) was produced by bleeding rabbits and the washed cells were incubated for 1-4 h at 37 degrees C in buffered nutritional medium containing L-[35S]methionine. After washing and detergent lysis in the presence of protease inhibitors, supernatant reticulocyte extracts were analyzed for transferrin receptors by immunoprecipitation with specific ovine receptor antibody raised against denatured rabbit transferrin receptor. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Antibody, but not preimmune sheep immunoglobin, consistently precipitated a 35S-labeled protein with an Mr of 90,000 (reduced), coincident with bona fide receptor subunits purified by ligand-affinity chromatography. Incorporation of radioactive methionine was exclusively associated with receptor in reticulocyte stroma, and nascent receptor was not detected on free polyribosomes. Incorporation of radioactivity in the receptor moiety accounted for 0.1-0.2% of total incorporation into TCA insoluble cell protein. Treatment of the cells with 40 micrograms/ml cycloheximide markedly inhibited amino acid incorporation into the receptor, thus indicating de novo synthesis of receptor protein. On treatment of reticulocytes with 4,6 dioxoheptanoate to induce heme deficiency by diminishing the formation of intracellular heme, synthesis of the receptor was inhibited by greater than 50%; synthesis was restored to control rates on addition of 50 microM exogenous hemin. These findings indicate that the reticulocyte retains receptor mRNA and that synthesis of the receptor in erythroid cells is subject to translational regulation by intracellular heme.
Phase III Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Plerixafor Plus Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Compared With Placebo Plus Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Autologous Stem-Cell Mobilization and Transplantation for Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: John F. DiPersio, Ivana N. Micallef, Patrick J. Stiff, Brian J. Bolwell, Richard T. Maziarz, Eric Jacobsen, Auayporn Nademanee, John McCarty, Gary Bridger, Gary Calandra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of plerixafor (AMD3100), a CXCR4 antagonist, in mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells for autologous stem-cell transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Patients and Methods This is a phase III, multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma requiring an autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in first or second complete or partial remission were eligible. Patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 10 μg/kg) subcutaneously daily for up to 8 days. Beginning on evening of day 4 and continuing daily for up to 4 days, patients received either plerixafor (240 μg/kg) or placebo subcutaneously. Starting on day 5, patients began daily apheresis for up to 4 days or until ≥ 5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells/kg were collected. The primary end point was the percentage of patients who collected ≥ 5 × 10 6 CD34+ cells/kg in 4 or fewer apheresis days. Results This report presents all data for all patients (n = 298) through 12 months follow-up. Eighty-nine (59%) of 150 patients in the plerixafor group and 29 (20%) of 148 patients in the placebo group met the primary end point (P &lt; .001). One hundred thirty-five patients (90%) in plerixafor group and 82 patients (55%) in placebo group underwent transplantation after initial mobilization. Median time to engraftment was similar in both groups. The most common plerixafor-associated adverse events were GI disorders and injection site reactions. Conclusion Plerixafor and G-CSF were well tolerated and resulted in a significantly higher proportion of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma achieving the optimal CD34+ cell target for transplantation in fewer apheresis days, compared with G-CSF alone.
Sickling times of individual erythrocytes at zero Po2.
Authors: H S Zarkowsky, R M Hochmuth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

A rapid-reaction parallel-plate flow channel was used to study the kinetics of erythrocyte sickling upon sudden deoxygenation with sodium dithionite. The erythrocytes were recorded on 16-mm film or video tape and visually tracked in time. Sickling was identified by morphologic criteria. At the flow rate used in these studies, the rate of sickling was a reaction-limited process. There was no loss of cellular deformability or membrane flicker before the onset of sickling. Typical sickling times for sickle (SS) cells and trait (AS) cells at room temperature in isotonic buffer were 2.0 and 70 s, respectively. Increasing the buffer osmolality resulted in shorter sickling times and under hypotonic conditions the time required for sickling was prolonged. Between pH 6.4 and 7.0 there was little change in the time required for 50% of the originally discoidal cells to sickle (t50); whereas a marked increase in t50 occurred between pH 7.4 and 7.6. Whole populations of AS and SS erythrocytes were separated into three fractions after centrifugation. The t50 of the fractions progressively decreased from top to bottom, which paralleled an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The t50 decreased as the temperature was increased from 13 degrees to 34 degrees C. This temperature effect was more pronounced for cells that had osmotically induced reductions in MCHC. A two-step process for erythrocyte sickling is proposed: an initial lag phase, during which there is little or no change in internal viscosity, followed by a rapid phase of cellular deformation. The lag phase is altered by changes in MCHC, pH, and temperature.
Are There Really Indications for Central Pancreatectomy?
Authors: Marco Del Chiaro
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Etiology of acute diarrhea due to enteropathogenic bacteria in Beijing, China
Authors: Mei Qu, Ying Deng, Xin Zhang, Guirong Liu, Ying Huang, Changying Lin, Jie Li, Hanqiu Yan, Xitai Li, Lei Jia, Biao Kan, Fang Huang, Quanyi Wang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Environmental Estrogens Induce Mast Cell Degranulation and Enhance IgE-mediated Release of Allergic Mediators
Authors: S. Narita, R.M. Goldblum, E.G. Brooks, C.S. Watson, M.D. Estes, E.M. Curran, T. Midoro-Horiuti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Impaired Epinephrine Release in Hypoglycemic Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Irwin J. Light, James M. Sutherland, Jennifer M. Loggie, Thomas E. Gaffney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

CARBOHYDRATE homeostasis represents a complex interaction between multiple humoral agents. In the normal person a fall in blood sugar initiates physiologic responses that reduce the blood sugar to normal levels. As part of this total response to a fall in blood sugar, the normal newborn infant,1 like the adult, responds by releasing epinephrine.In infants of diabetic mothers the blood sugar falls abruptly in the hours immediately after birth.2 This reduction is related in part to elevated levels of insulin.3 , 4 However, the homeostatic responses in these infants appear to be inadequate to compensate for the fall in blood sugar that . . .
The Endocannabinoid System Controls Key Epileptogenic Circuits in the Hippocampus
Authors: Krisztina Monory, Federico Massa, Michaela Egertová, Matthias Eder, Heike Blaudzun, Ruth Westenbroek, Wolfgang Kelsch, Wolfgang Jacob, Rudolf Marsch, Marc Ekker, Jason Long, John L. Rubenstein, Sandra Goebbels, Klaus Armin Nave, Matthew During, Matthias Klugmann, Barbara Wölfel, Hans Ulrich Dodt, Walter Zieglgänsberger, Carsten T Wotjak, Ken Mackie, Maurice R. Elphick, Giovanni Marsicano, Beat Lutz
Journal: Neuron (2006)
The pathogenesis of lichen planus
Authors: A. GILHAR, T. PILLAR, G. WINTERSTEIN, A. ETZIONI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The histological features of lichen planus (LP) are characterized by typical epidermal change with dermal lymphocytes that are mostly Ia positive T cells. In order to find out whether the primary event of LP is damage to basal keratinocytes or a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in which an as yet unidentified antigen activates T lymphocytes that destroy keratinocytes, we transplanted skin obtained from six patients with LP. Two millimetre punch and split thickness of grafts were obtained from involved and uninvolved areas from each patient and grafted onto nude mice. Biopsies were taken from the grafts at 14 and 21 days after transplantation for histological and immunofluorescence studies and after 6 weeks for Dopa incubation for melanocyte populations. A complete disappearance of the pathological changes of LP was found 21 days following grafting. An increased number of melanocytes was noted. This indicates that the pathogenesis of LP may not be due to an inherent change in the epidermal cells, but rather to the migration of cellular elements of the immune system.
Reducing Choking Deaths in Children
Authors: Harry D. Kerr
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The valuable report by Dr Rimell and colleagues 1 suggests that warning labels may prevent inappropriate purchases of toys that present choking hazards, but toys bought for older children may be found easily by curious toddlers. Practical means must be found for parents to help children avoid these hazards.  A number of products illustrate the gamut of problems inherent in having small toys in a household with both younger and older children. For instance, sets of colorful, small, hard plastic building toys are sold in nearly every city and are intended for use by older children. These building block sets contain both larger safe objects and tiny hazardous objects. 2 Pieces may be found strewn over floors, embedded in carpets, or hidden in and under furniture, and therefore the pieces are available to crawling toddlers. These small objects present a daily cleanup and storage challenge for which
OBSTETRIC BRACHIAL PARALYSIS (ERB'S PALSY)
Authors: SAMUEL W. BOORSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Cases of obstetric brachial paralysis are common enough and are of sufficiently serious nature to give anxious moments to the general practitioner. He is often the first one to notice the paralysis after the tedious work of a forceps or a prolonged delivery. As the hope for future connections of the young practitioner with the family may depend on the outcome of this case, one can easily understand his anxiety in such an instance. He ordinarily tells the parents that the child will recover completely in a short while or, on the contrary, he tells with grief that nothing can be done. Such news, of course, he breaks to the family after the lapse of a few months. Neither statement is wholly accurate, and either the teaching of the medical school is at fault or the student's memory is poor. It should therefore be of great interest to the general
Targeted MRSA screening can be as effective as universal screening
Authors: S. Cairns, S. Packer, J. Reilly, A. Leanord
Journal: BMJ (2014)

At the time that the practice pointer on meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening was written, no evidence on the success of the implementation of clinical risk assessment (CRA) based screening in Scotland was available.1 Recently there has been much debate about whether universal screening should be the preferred method, owing to its perceived ease of implementation and higher compliance than risk based screening.

The evidence …
Collodion-like membrane in a newborn exposed to infliximab
Authors: Maureen Offiah, Robert T Brodell, Leigh R Campbell, Julie P Wyatt
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)

To the Editor: A 2-day-old black female newborn, born via cesarean section after premature rupture of membranes (34 weeks' gestation), had a collodion membrane. Stellate cracking was present over the entire cutaneous surface (Fig 1). There were no nail abnormalities, bullae, ectropion, or eclabium. The mother was treated for severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with a 7.5-mg/kg infusion of infliximab every 6 weeks throughout pregnancy, and for 6 months before conception. She took no other medications during her pregnancy.
Antifibrotic role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Discovery of an unexpected function
Authors: Le Thi Thanh Thuy, Norifumi Kawada, Roberto J. Groszmann, Yasuko Iwakiri, Tamar H. Taddei
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammation is a mainstay of liver fibrosis, a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, but the role of MIF in liver scarring has not yet been elucidated. Here we have uncovered an unexpected antifibrotic role for MIF. Mice genetically deleted in Mif (Mif−/−) showed strongly increased fibrosis in two models of chronic liver injury. Pronounced liver fibrosis in Mif−/− mice was associated with alterations in fibrosis-relevant genes, but not by a changed intrahepatic immune cell infiltration. Next, a direct impact of MIF on hepatic stellate cells (HSC) was assessed in vitro. Although MIF alone had only marginal effects on HSCs, it markedly inhibited PDGF-induced migration and proliferation of these cells. The inhibitory effects of MIF were mediated by CD74, which we detected as the most abundant known MIF receptor on HSCs. MIF promoted the phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a CD74-dependent manner and, in turn, inhibition of AMPK reversed the inhibition of PDGF induced HSC activation by MIF. The pivotal role of CD74 in MIF mediated antifibrotic properties was further supported by augmented liver scarring of Cd74−/− mice. Moreover, mice treated with recombinant MIF displayed a reduced fibrogenic response in vivo. In conclusion, we describe a previously unexplored antifibrotic function of MIF that is mediated by the CD74/AMPK signaling pathway in HSCs. The results imply MIF and CD74 as targets for treatment of liver diseases.
Bullous Lesions in Acute Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: Hippocrates Yatzidis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We had the opportunity to observe a case of extremely severe barbiturate poisoning characterized by the early appearance of multiple bullous lesions on the ocular conjunctiva and skin. We were not able to find a previous report of bullous lesions on the ocular conjunctiva. The patient was a 23-year-old man. Ten hours after taking 17.5 gm of phenobarbital he was in profound coma with shallow respiration and cyanosis, with a temperature of 37.8 C; pulse rate, 120 beats per minute; and blood pressure, 100/80 mm Hg. Corneal, tendon reflexes, and reaction of the pupils to light were absent. There was no response to painful stimuli and no bowel sounds were heard. The eyelids were swollen. There were bullae of considerable size on the ocular conjunctiva (Figure). Similar lesions developed on the skin of the heels four to eight hours later. Details of treatment, clinical course, and laboratory
Connexin expression in the developing avian cardiovascular system.
Authors: R Minkoff, V R Rundus, S B Parker, E C Beyer, E L Hertzberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Recent observations have suggested that the patterns of expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 in the developing cardiovascular system of the avian embryo diverge significantly from the patterns previously seen in mammalian species. Therefore, a detailed analysis of connexin43 expression in the chicken embryo was performed by use of immunofluorescent localization with two different connexin43-specific antipeptide antibodies as well as Western and Northern blot analysis. Connexin43 protein was not detected in the avian myocardium, the venous system, or the smaller vessels of the arterial system. Rather, it was limited exclusively to the vessels of the arterial outflow tract in a concentric pattern that became evident by embryonic day 8. Double staining with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin and connexin43 demonstrated colocalization in the media of outflow tract vessel walls. The developmental expression of connexin43 was found to mirror the spatial patterning of secondary actin; connexin43, however, preceded the expression of secondary actin by a period of 1-2 days. In contrast, antibodies to a related gap junction protein (connexin42) revealed an absence of immunostaining in the avian outflow tract. Double staining with anti-connexin42 and anti-A-cell adhesion molecule (specific for avian intercalated discs) demonstrated colocalization between cardiac myocytes, indicating that connexin42 is a constituent of avian myocardial gap junctions. In light of these findings, developmental expression of differing myocardial connexins may reconcile previous studies showing different physiological properties of avian and mammalian cardiac gap junctions.