tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE KANSAS TELEVISION EXPERIMENT
Authors: Paul W. Schafer
Journal: JAMA (1953)

It is my intention to describe as objectively as possible our experiment with television in the educational program of the University of Kansas School of Medicine. Certain historical, technical, and budgetary aspects of the project have been presented in a previous report.<sup>1</sup>Now I wish to indicate precisely how we have tried to use this revolutionary new technique and what I believe some of its characteristics to be. Though our original monochrome installation was made in 1949 and was replaced by a color system as early as November, 1951, it seemed advisable to delay an analysis such as this until substantial experience had been obtained. Even now it is extremely difficult to separate fact from theory in all but a few limited areas. So that the reader may appreciate more clearly the basis for my observations, I will first outline briefly the present situation. Administratively, the department of surgery
Multiple Coarctatlons of the Pulmonary Artery: Scintigraphic Appearance
Authors: GEOFFREY A. AGRONS, MARK M. MASLACK, CAROLYN E. PARRY, MARIE G.N. LATOUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of angiography-proven multiple coarctations of the pulmonary arteries is presented. The patient had a history of long-standing exertional dyspnea and intranasal cocaine use. A chest radiograph suggested oligemia in the left lung and enlargement of the right pulmonary artery, prompting ventilation and perfusion radionuclide lung imaging. The combined scintigraphic and radiographic findings were indistinguishable from those caused by pulmonary emboli. Although rare, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple unmatched perfusion defects on pulmonary ventilation- perfusion studies.
Clinical freedom and drug dependence
Authors: J Marks
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - It is a pity that Andrew Johns did not acquaint himself with the facts of the case before making unsubstantiated criticisms.1 My practice follows that of Dr John Owens in Birmingham and Dr Jim Willis in London. Section 7 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 provides for the lawful management of addiction, including the long term prescription of cocaine, thus codifying the practice dating from the report of the …
Sternoarticular Septic Arthritis in Heroin Users
Authors: Richard H. Goldin, Anthony W. Chow, John E. Edwards, James S. Louie, Lucien B. Guze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

SEPTIC arthritis of the sternoclavicular and sternochondral articulations, although infrequently reported,1 2 3 may be more common in heroin users.4 Four of six cases seen by us recently were in heroin users, all of whom had long-standing history of intravenous drug abuse. On admission, their temperatures ranged from normal to 38.4°C, and white-cell counts from 9900 to 16,400. Localized pain and swelling were the most common presenting features. All but one had monoarticular involvement. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the causative organism in three patients, and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the remaining patient. Blood culture helped establish the diagnosis in two patients.Case . . .
IMMUNITY IN DIABETES: INFLUENCE OF DIABETES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES IN THE BLOOD
Authors: Russell Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

Notwithstanding the well known association of diabetes and infection we have little definite knowledge of the mechanism by which these two conditions affect each other.Since the days of Claude Bernard, clinicians have viewed with alarm either the appearance of infection during the course of diabetes, or, perhaps with less apprehension, the occurrence of diabetes during or following an infection.In considering the coincidence of these disorders one might distinguish between the effect of each upon the other as different though essentially interdependent problems.Various degrees of importance have been accorded to infection in the etiology of diabetes but there is general agreement regarding the harmful effect of infection when occurring during the course of diabetes.The resistance of the body to infection is attributed in part to the antigen-amboceptor-complement reactions of the blood.We have no knowledge regarding the influence of diabetes on these reactions nor on the formation of amboceptor or complement.The former may be present in the blood, as in natural immunity, or it may be formed following the inoculation of bacteria into the body, as in acquired immunity.Complement appears to be always present and to react with either type of amboceptor.In this study, complement, natural amboceptor and acquired amboceptor, as factors in the antibacterial power of the blood, have been investigated in diabetic and non-diabetic persons to determine whether this part of the protective mechanism of the blood is affected by diabetes.The complement of the serum was measured in hemolytic and bacteri- olytic systems.The bactericidal power of the whole blood was chosen as the best method of determining the native amboceptor (1, 2).The formation of agglutinins following inoculation with B. typhosus vaccine was taken as the index of formation of acquired amboceptor.COMPLEMENT Method.The hemolytic complement was measured in the sheep- rabbit hemolytic system.One-half cc.amounts of a 2 per cent suspension of washed sheep cells with an excess of amboceptor were taken with
Biofunctional alendronate–Hydroxyapatite thin films deposited by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation
Authors: Adriana Bigi, Elisa Boanini, Chiara Capuccini, Milena Fini, Ion N. Mihailescu, Carmen Ristoscu, Felix Sima, Paola Torricelli
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Acute Renal Failure Following Treatment of a Common Culture Contaminant
Authors: Jason H. Maley, Erin C. Kiskis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
OPERATIVE TREATMENT IN SELECTED CASES OF CHRONIC PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS
Authors: WILLIAM SHARPE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Not only is the condition of facial paralysis, especially of the peripheral type, a most noticeable deformity, but the resulting contractures in chronic cases frequently impair the speech, mastication and deglutition; inability to close the homolateral eye permits a chronic conjunctivitis to result, and if palpebral contractures occur, then an eversion of the eyelids is a common sequela. In addition to these definite objective impairments resulting from persistent facial paralysis, it should be remembered that the subjective reaction of such a deformity on the patient is very marked—so much so that few patients having a complete facial paralysis persisting over a period of two years and longer show a normal reaction emotionally. They are easily depressed, and they limit their lives more and more to one of seclusion; particularly is this true of women.  Facial paralysis may be considered of the peripheral type when the lesion exists at the facial
ADVANCES IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: A. C. Corcoran
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Renal insufficiency is defined for this discussion as a defect in excretory function that interferes with well-being or even places life in jeopardy. The acute insufficiencies result from more or less selective toxic or ischemic damage to tubule cells, they are usually associated with oliguria or anuria, and their course is toward recovery by cell regeneration; hence, the aim of treatment is to maintain the patient until this predictable repair has been adequately effected. In contrast, in chronic renal insufficiency, blocks and masses of nephrons have usually been destroyed beyond repair. Many patients with chronic renal insufficiency can be maintained in comfortable and useful life in spite of severe defects in renal function, but treatment is essentially palliative and the ultimate prognosis commonly grave. The causes, lesions, courses, and therapeutic aims are different in acute and chronic renal insufficiency. In both, however, the basic principles of treatment are the same.
Congenital ectopic nail of the fifth finger
Authors: I. KATAYAMA, M. MAEDA, K. NISHIOKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Congenital ectopic nail of the fifth finger Get access I. KATAYAMA, I. KATAYAMA Department of Dermatology, Osaka University, School of Medicine, 1‐1‐50 Fukushima‐ku, Fukushima, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. MAEDA, M. MAEDA Department of Dermatology, Osaka University, School of Medicine, 1‐1‐50 Fukushima‐ku, Fukushima, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. NISHIOKA K. NISHIOKA Department of Dermatology, Osaka University, School of Medicine, 1‐1‐50 Fukushima‐ku, Fukushima, Osaka, Japan K. Nishioka, Department of Dermatology, Osaka University School of Medicine, 1‐1‐50 Fukushima‐ku, Fukushima, Osaka, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 2, 1 August 1984, Pages 231–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04049.x Published: 01 August 1984 Article history Accepted: 14 February 1984 Published: 01 August 1984
Stability of essential drugs during shipment to the tropics.
Authors: H. V. Hogerzeil, A. Battersby, V. Srdanovic, N. E. Stjernstrom
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether present methods of international transport of essential drugs by sea adversely affect their quality. DESIGN--Controlled longitudinal study of drug shipments sent by sea from Unicef in Copenhagen to Lagos; to Mombasa and by land to Kampala; and to Bangkok. 11 essential drugs were stored in four locations on board the ships. SETTING--Main shipping routes from Unicef, Copenhagen, to tropical countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Temperature and relative humidity in the test packs during the journey. Amount of active ingredient in the drugs before and after shipment. RESULTS--Temperatures recorded within the test packs range from -3.5 degrees C to 42.4 degrees C and were 3-12 degrees C higher than the ambient temperature. Relative humidity within the packs ranged from 20% to 88%. Differences between the locations on board were negligible. Ergometrine injection, methylergometrine injection, and retinol capsules lost 1.5-5.8% of their activity. Ampoules of ergometrine showed a large variation in the amount of active ingredient after shipment, with three of 80 samples having concentrations 60% below those stated. Ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, and tetracycline were not affected by transport. CONCLUSIONS--Drugs were exposed to a much higher temperature and humidity than is recommended by the manufacturer, especially in tropical harbours and during inland transport. Except for ergometrine and methylergometrine the transport would not affect clinical effectiveness.
Fluoroscope-generated electromagnetic interference in an external demand pacemaker: report of a case.
Authors: C J Leeds, M Akhtar, A N Damato
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Electromagnetic interference presented as inhibition and resetting of the demand circuitry of a ventricular-inhibited temporary external pacemaker in a 70-year-old man undergoing surgical implantation of a permanent bipolar pacemaker generator and lead. The arrhythmia was found to be due to oversensing of waveforms modulated to simulate myocardial potentials emitted by a faulty fluoroscopy unit used in the vicinity of external temporary transvenous pacing equipment. The documentation of this disruption of pacemaker rhythm reinforces the need for continuous monitoring of patients treated with external demand pacemakers and for the careful maintenance of all electrical equipment.
Delayed Hospital Arrival for Acute Stroke: The Minnesota Stroke Survey
Authors: Maureen A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Although recent advances have been made in the treatment of acute stroke, patients often arrive at the hospital too late to receive the maximum benefit from these new therapies. Objective: To investigate characteristics that influence the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival (delay time) for patients with acute stroke. Design: Retrospective medical record review. Setting: Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan hospitals. Patients: A 50% random sample of all patients 30 to 79 years of age who were hospitalized with acute stroke from 1991 to 1993. Measurements: Patients were identified through discharge diagnosis lists by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. Trained nurses abstracted the medical records. Stroke events were validated by using neuroimaging reports and additional clinical criteria (1895 patients). An accelerated failure time model was used to identify patient characteristics that independently predicted delay time. For 70% of patients (n = 1334), delay time was calculated from the medical record by subtracting the recorded time of symptom onset from the admission time. For the remaining 30% of patients (n = 561), the time of symptom onset was not recorded, and an approximate delay time was estimated from all available information. Results: Among patients with a calculated delay time, half arrived within 3 hours of symptom onset and 90% arrived within 24 hours. Patients with approximated delay times tended to have longer delays, and less than 40% of these patients arrived within 24 hours of symptom onset. Some characteristics associated (P < 0.05) with longer delay included Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity, dependence in any activities of daily living before stroke, and several symptoms at stroke onset. Characteristics associated (P < 0.05) with shorter delay included admission through the emergency department, presence of syncope or seizures at stroke onset, previous myocardial infarction, abnormal mental status, and greater disability at presentation (measured by the Rankin scale). Conclusions: Most patients arrive at the hospital too late to receive the maximum benefit from emerging stroke therapies. Efforts to reduce delays in hospital arrival after acute stroke can maximize the effectiveness of these therapies by specifically targeting persons at risk for longer delay.
Historical Aspects of the Neurosciences
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This volume stemmed from the first meeting of the History of Neurosciences Group held at the Medical Society of London and honoring one of its founders, Macdonald Critchley, world-famous neurologist then in his 80th year. Toward the back of the book, just ahead of a nine-page index, seven pages have been set aside for a listing of Critchley's honors, titles, and publications, an amazing record including his 15 books and more than 200 papers on a host of topics. The volume is of interest especially for neurologists and neurosurgeons wanting to know about the history of their endeavor. Certain aspects of the development of the neurosciences are considered, as are historical aspects of the adjunctive disciplines of pathology, physiology, radiology, endocrinology, and chemistry as they pertain to the nervous system. Only neuroradiology receives what might be regarded as an overview. The others are represented largely in the work of a
Assembly of Mutant-Template Telomerase RNA into Catalytically Active Telomerase Ribonucleoprotein That Can Act on Telomeres Is Required for Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Amir Goldkorn, Elizabeth H. Blackburn
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The telomerase ribonucleoprotein is a promising target for cancer therapy, as it is highly active in many human malignancies. A novel telomerase targeting approach combines short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of endogenous human telomerase RNA (hTer) with expression of a mutant-template hTer (MT-hTer). Such combination MT-hTer/siRNA constructs induce a rapid DNA damage response, telomere uncapping, and inhibition of cell proliferation in a variety of human cancer cell lines. We tested which functional aspects of the protein catalytic component of telomerase [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)] are required for these effects using human LOX melanoma cells overexpressing various hTERTs of known properties. Within 3 days of MT-hTer/siRNA introduction, both growth inhibition and DNA damage responses were significantly higher in the setting of wild-type hTERT versus catalytically dead hTERT or mutant hTERT that is catalytically competent but unable to act on telomeres. These effects were not attenuated by siRNA-induced knockdown of the telomeric protein human Rap1 and were additive with knockdown of the telomere-binding protein TRF2. Hence, the effects of MT-hTer/siRNA require a telomerase that is both catalytically competent to polymerize DNA and able to act on telomeres in cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5763-71)
Cervical-Cancer Screening — New Guidelines and the Balance between Benefits and Harms
Authors: George F Sawaya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

One of the greatest challenges in developing cancer-screening guidelines is devising strategies that maximize screening benefits and minimize screening harms. The benefits of cancer screening — decreased cancer-related morbidity and mortality — are well known and widely promoted; the harms of cancer screening receive less attention and can take many forms: direct complications from screening and confirmatory tests; the expense, anxiety, and life disruptions incurred with new diagnoses with unclear clinical significance; and the prolonged surveillance endured by patients with positive tests but no evidence of disease. Whereas benefits can be maximized by initiating screening early and repeating testing frequently . . .
The Late Appearance of Chronic Pericardial Disease in Patients Treated by Radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: MARK M. APPLEFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease was recognized in nine patients 53 to 124 months (mean, 88 months) after radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Depending on whether abnormal cardiac hemodynamics occurred before or after a fluid challenge, patients were considered to have either constrictive pericarditis (Group I) or occult constrictive pericarditis (Group II). There were no differences between these groups in various radiotherapy data, the use of chemotherapy, or the interval after treatment when the diagnosis of chronic pericardial disease was made. There were no consistent noninvasive variables to support the diagnosis of radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease before cardiac catheterization. Four patients underwent pericardiectomy. Two of the four operated patients had an excellent surgical result; a third patient died 4 months postoperatively of drug-induced granulocytopenia; the fourth patient has persistent visceral constrictive pericarditis 18 months after surgery. Speculation over the causes of radiation-induced chronic pericardial disease is made and our recommendations for its treatment given.
Osteotomy of the Lesser Trochanter for Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hip
Authors: J. A. Fixsen, M. F. Sullivan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Forty-eight operations of osteotomy of the lesser trochanter in 45 patients were reviewed after an average of three and a half years. Of 10 hips affected by proved rheumatoid arthritis eight obtained complete relief of pain and two partial relief. Of 38 hips affected by osteoarthritis 16 had complete relief and 17 partial relief. The results suggest that osteotomy of the lesser trochanter deserves a more extended trial in cases of proved rheumatoid arthritis of the hip joint.
Pregnancy Outcome Following Gestational Exposure to Organic Solvents
Authors: Sohail Khattak, Guiti K-Moghtader, Kristen McMartin, Maru Barrera, Debbie Kennedy, Gideon Koren
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextNumerous women of childbearing age are exposed occupationally to organic solvents. Previous retrospective studies have reported conflicting results regarding teratogenic risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate pregnancy and fetal outcome following maternal occupational exposure to organic solvents.DesignA prospective, observational, controlled study.SettingAn antenatal counseling service in Toronto, Ontario.PatientsOne hundred twenty-five pregnant women who were exposed occupationally to organic solvents and seen during the first trimester between 1987 and 1996. Each pregnant woman who was exposed to organic solvents was matched to a pregnant woman who was exposed to a nonteratogenic agent on age (±4 years), gravidity (±1), and smoking and drinking status.Main Outcome MeasureOccurrence of major congenital malformations.ResultsSignificantly more major malformations occurred among fetuses of women exposed to organic solvents than controls (13 vs 1; relative risk, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-99.5). Twelve malformations occurred among the 75 women who had symptoms temporally associated with their exposure, while none occurred among 43 asymptomatic exposed women (P&lt;.001). (One malformation occurred in a woman for whom such information was missing.) More of these exposed women had previous miscarriage while working with organic solvents than controls (54/117 [46.2%] vs 24/125 [19.2%]; P&lt;.001). However, exposed women who had a previous miscarriage had rates of major malformation that were similar to exposed women who had no previous miscarriage.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of major fetal malformations. This risk appears to be increased among women who report symptoms associated with organic solvent exposure. Women's exposure to organic solvents should be minimized during pregnancy. Symptomatic exposure appears to predict higher fetal risk for malformations.
Deaths from non-communicable diseases are highest in Afghanistan, lowest in Sweden
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Men and women in the world’s poorest countries are around three times more likely to die under the age of 60 from non-communicable diseases than those in rich countries, says a report from the World Health Organization.

The report “really dispels the myth that non-communicable diseases are just a problem of high-income countries and not of concern for low-income countries,” said Leanne Riley, team leader for surveillance at WHO’s department of chronic diseases and health promotion.

The report says more than 36 million people died from non-communicable diseases in 2008, mainly cardiovascular diseases (48%), cancers (21%), chronic respiratory diseases (12%), and diabetes (3%).

More than nine million of these deaths occurred before the …