tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The research needs of primary care
Authors: P. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

General practice p 24 

A health service that is led by primary care must be able to inquire into the practice of primary care; let research in primary care blossom. In England, at least, this logic now seems to be backed by political will. The Mant report (from a subcommittee of the health service's Central Research and Development Committee in 1997) states that there is an urgent need for both research and researchers in primary care.1 The full committee later challenged universities to support this recommendation.2 It is now government policy to develop research capacity through primary care research networks.3

Two papers, one in this week's BMJ , the other recently published in the journal, point the way towards conducting randomised controlled trials that are relevant to primary care. Both papers argue that it is difficult for researchers to gather a sample that is representative of the whole population. Wilson et al (p 24) point out that clinical trials must be conducted in primary care rather than secondary …
Veins for Coronary Bypass Surgery and Cellulitis
Authors: EVAN B. WEISMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Veins for Coronary Bypass Surgery and CellulitisEVAN B. WEISMAN, M.D.EVAN B. WEISMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-113_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Baddour and Bisno (1) described five patients with recurrent episodes of cellulitis in the lower leg used to harvest a saphenous vein for coronary bypass surgery. None of these patients had positive blood cultures and the diagnosis of streptococcal infection was made on clinical grounds.I report a patient with the same syndrome who had two episodes of cellulitis involving the leg from which the saphenous vein was removed for bypass surgery. The episodes of cellulitis occurred in August 1981 and May 1982. A blood culture done at the time of the first episode was positive for...Reference1. BADDOURBISNO LA. Recurrent cellulitis after saphenous venectomy for coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:493-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDe quelles données a-t-on besoin aujourd’hui pour prendre en charge un érysipèle?Operative outcomes of minimally invasive saphenous vein harvestCellulitis after hip surgery: long-term follow-up of seven casesVideo assisted endoscopic saphenous vein harvestSubcutaneous, video-assisted saphenous vein harvest: report of the first 30 casesNon-group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal cellulitis. Association with venous and lymphatic compromise 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1Page: 113-113KeywordsBloodCellulitisStreptococcal infectionsSurgeryVeins Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 5191: Periostin signaling in breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Arthur W. Lambert, Sait Ozturk, Sam Thiagalingam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that the molecular heterogeneity inherent to breast cancer, which underlies metastasis, resistance to treatment and disease recurrence, can be driven by a distinct subpopulation of tumor cells referred to as cancer stem cells. Breast cancer stem cells are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the basal-like molecular subtype of tumors, exhibit a CD44+/CD24- expression profile and have an enhanced capacity to form mammospheres. However, the extracellular cues and intracellular pathways that cancer stem cells rely on remain unclear. Using a cell line model of breast cancer progression we found a carcinoma line that was enriched for cancer stem cells. Using microarray expression profiling we identified periostin, a secreted extracellular matrix protein, to be overexpressed in this cell line and numerous other basal-like cell lines. Periostin was also overexpressed in populations that were enriched for cancer stem cells through other means such as cell sorting or growth as mammospheres. Furthermore, cancer stem cell-like populations displayed increased surface levels of the alpha-v beta-3 integrin heterodimer, a known receptor for periostin, suggesting that hyperactivation of periostin signaling may be a common feature of the cancer stem cell state. In support of this, cells with high levels of alpha-v beta-3 integrin form significantly more mammospheres and exhibit an enhanced capacity for growth on soft agar, a surrogate marker of tumorigenesis. Conversely, treatment of cells with an alpha-V beta-3 inhibitory antibody decreased mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of periostin expression does not seem to alter the proportion of CD44+/CD24- cells but it does influence their ability to grow as mammospheres and the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), another marker of cancer stem cells. Finally, as periostin is a TGF-beta inducible gene, we are currently testing the role of periostin in TGF-beta induced EMT and have seen evidence for an attenuation of this process. Ongoing studies are aimed at characterizing the intracellular pathways regulated by periostin and determining the effect of periostin expression on chemotherapeutic resistance and metastasis, two properties which may be enhanced by the presence of cancer stem cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5191. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5191
Opposing Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cholesterol on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Endothelial Cell Caveolae
Authors: Timothy E. Peterson, Veronica Poppa, Hiroto Ueba, Albert Wu, Chen Yan, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical for normal vascular homeostasis. eNOS function is rapidly regulated by agonists and blood flow and chronically by factors that regulate mRNA stability and gene transcription. Recently, localization of eNOS to specialized plasma membrane invaginations termed caveolae has been proposed to be required for maximal eNOS activity. Because caveolae are highly enriched in cholesterol, and hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased NO production, we first studied the effects of cholesterol loading on eNOS localization and NO production in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Caveolae-enriched fractions were prepared by OptiPrep gradient density centrifugation. Treatment of BAECs with 30 microgram/mL cholesterol for 24 hours stimulated significant increases in total eNOS protein expression (1.50-fold), eNOS associated with caveolae-enriched membranes (2.23-fold), and calcium ionophore-stimulated NO production (1.56-fold). Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia, we next studied the effects of ROS on eNOS localization and caveolae number. Treatment of BAECs for 24 hours with 1 micromol/L LY83583, a superoxide-generating napthoquinolinedione, decreased caveolae number measured by electron microscopy and prevented the cholesterol-mediated increases in eNOS expression. In vitro exposure of caveolae-enriched membranes to ROS (xanthine plus xanthine oxidase) dissociated caveolin more readily than eNOS from the membranes. These results show that cholesterol treatment increases eNOS expression, whereas ROS treatment decreases eNOS expression and the association of eNOS with caveolin in caveolae-enriched membranes. Our data suggest that oxidative stress modulates endothelial function by regulating caveolae formation, eNOS expression, and eNOS-caveolin interactions.
Implications of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Transmitted by Sperm Donation
Authors: Barry J. Maron
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Sperm donation is an increasingly common practice for achieving pregnancy in the absence of a male partner or when fertility is problematic. The unintended consequence in which genetic diseases are unwittingly transmitted to offspring is an underrecognized public health issue not previously prioritized by US Food and Drug Administration guidelines.To report the clinical circumstances and implication of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) transmitted by sperm donation to recipients.Voluntary sperm donation through a US Food and Drug Administration-approved tissue bank.Incidence of genetically affected offspring and clinical outcomes to date.An asymptomatic 23-year-old man who had no personal knowledge of underlying heart disease and who underwent standard testing that was negative for infectious diseases, repeatedly donated sperm over a 2-year period (1990-1991). The donor was later shown to be affected (in 2005) by a novel beta-myosin heavy-chain mutation that caused HCM, after an offspring was clinically diagnosed with this disease. Of the 24 children known to be offspring of the donor, including 22 who were products of fertilization via sperm donation and 2 conceived by the donor's wife, a total of 9 genetically affected offspring, 2 to 16 years of age and 6 males, have been identified with HCM (2005-2009). Three of the 9 gene-positive children have currently expressed phenotypic evidence of HCM, including one who died at age 2 years due to progressive and unrelenting heart failure with marked hypertrophy, and also 2 survivors with extreme left ventricular hypertrophy at age 15 years. The latter 2 children and the donor are judged likely to be at increased risk for sudden death.This case series underscores the potential risk for transmission of inherited cardiovascular diseases through voluntary sperm donation, a problem largely unappreciated by the medical community and agencies regulating tissue donation. Recommendations include improved screening guidelines for donors to exclude cardiovascular diseases (eg, HCM) such as consideration for 12-lead electrocardiograms.
An Open Letter to the News Media
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Dear Colleagues:This letter is about our news embargo: what it is, why we defend it so staunchly and why we think you should, too.Many of you subscribe to the Journal. Those who have it delivered in the standard way by second-class mail usually receive it on Thursdays, as do most of our other regular subscribers. Depending on the vagaries of the mail service, your copies occasionally arrive a day early and sometimes one or two days late. Some of you, including the national wire services, the major networks and some newspapers and news magazines, pay for first-class . . .
Dihydroxyanthracenedione: A Promising New Drug in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Hwee-Yong Yap, George R. Blumenschein, Frank C. Schell, Aman U. Buzdar, Manuel Valdivieso, Gerald P. Bodey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Thirty-one patients who had metastatic breast cancer extensively pretreated with combination chemotherapy, including doxorubicin, were tested with dihydroxyanthracenedione, 3 to 4 mg/m2 body surface area daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Of 27 evaluable patients, one achieved a complete response and five had partial responses. Furthermore, responses were seen in patients who were refractory to doxorubicin, indicating a lack of cross-resistance between doxorubicin and dihydroxyanthracenedione. Acute drug toxicity was insignificant except for severe granulocytopenia at the dose level of 4 mg/m2 . d. The median duration of remission had not been reached, but was more than 26 weeks, with four of the six responding patients still in remission at last follow-up. We believe that dihydroxyanthracenedione has significant activity against refractory metastatic breast cancer and further evaluation is warranted.
TCT-123 Incidence and Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Treated with CABG: Insights from ACUITY/HORIZONS-AMI
Authors: Josephine Warren, Roxana Mehran, Usman Baber, Ke Xu, Daniele Giacoppo, Bernard j Gersh, Bernhard Witzenbichler, E. Magnus Ohman, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Mortality and Timing of Surgery for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Sanjiv M. Baxi, Catherine Liu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Domiciliary Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: R. FitzGerlad, P. T. Garry, M. J. O'Donnell, T. A. Jermy, T. A. G. Hudson, J. Binnie, C. A. L. Kelly, E. V. O'Riordan, T. J. Coakley, J. V. Coghlan
Journal: BMJ (1950)
Women who sexually abuse children.
Authors: E V Welldon
Journal: BMJ (1990)

had genital herpes and are thus at risk of a primary infection in pregnancy.6What useful advice or reassurance can be given on the basis of knowing a woman's antibody state?Doctors should not refuse to test women who are concerned about particular infections.Never- theless, the implications of any test, including difficulties in interpretation, must be discussed beforehand.But screening is not an appropriate description of tests undertaken in these circum- stances -screening is a service offered routinely to all women in which the advantages of testing are not outweighed by the disadvantages.It is unreasonable to offer screening tests for conditions simply because the tests are available, and it is extremely unwise to pursue the piecemeal intro- duction of screening tests before proper evaluation using recognised criteria.
Modified polyethylenimines as non-viral gene delivery systems for aerosol gene therapy: investigations of the complex structure and stability during air-jet and ultrasonic nebulization
Authors: E. Kleemann, L.A. Dailey, H.G. Abdelhady, T. Gessler, T. Schmehl, C.J. Roberts, M.C. Davies, W. Seeger, T. Kissel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Cultural Barriers to Care
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapy of exophytic bronchial tumorous stenosis by flexible cryoprobe
Authors: C. Schumann, C. Kropf, T. Wibmer, T. Merk, S. Krüger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

than that of a tuberculin skin test not confounded by Bacille Calmette-Gue ´rin vaccination or nontuberculous mycobacteria.This must be determined by ongoing prospective restriction fragment length polymorphism studies observing the clinical course of QuantiFERON-gold-positive contact persons.These use ''clustering'' with the source case and observe who becomes infected with the disease.As QuantiFERON-gold is only just being implemented for routine use in western industrial countries, this question is not sufficiently answered.In our view, it would be speculative to distinguish between the predictive values of the two testing procedures.Therefore, we assigned a uniform probability of re-activation to manifest tuberculosis disease to subjects testing positive to either the tuberculin skin test or the QuantiFERON-gold assay.
New HIV strain may be resistant to drugs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The best available antiretroviral drugs, including protease inhibitors, may lose their potency against HIV because new strains of the virus resistant to the strongest drugs have already emerged.

A team of AIDS researchers has reported a case in which a person has become infected with a strain of HIV that is resistant to six of the 11 approved antiretroviral drugs for HIV, including protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors have been approved for two years; used as part of triple combination therapies, they have contributed to a dramatic decline in death rates from AIDS. Protease inhibitors work by blocking the construction of proteins considered pivotal to replication of …
Drug Development, Guidelines, and the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: SANFORD H. ROTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Editorials1 July 1984Drug Development, Guidelines, and the Food and Drug AdministrationSANFORD H. ROTH, M.D., ALLEN MACKENZIE, M.D.SANFORD H. ROTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALLEN MACKENZIE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-1-125 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe costs of arthritis to society are climbing to an estimated $13.5 billion per year (1). Furthermore, drug development has slowed while the expense of such development has skyrocketed during the last 22 years. In 1962, 46 new drugs—each costing $2 million to research, test, and approve over a mean 2-year development period—were introduced to the market in the United States. In contrast, during 1980, only 17 new drugs were introduced at a mean cost of —70 million per drug, with each drug requiring a 10-year development period. Thus it now costs 35 times as much and takes 5 times...References1. Arthritis: The Basic Facts. Atlanta: Arthritis Foundation; 1981:3. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. BAKKEWARDELL OW. Comparison of drug discontinuations in the United States and the United Kingdom [Abstract]. J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;35:4. Google Scholar3. ROTH S. The emerging new arthritis drugs: a clinician's opinion. Postgrad Med. 1983;73:125-34. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ROTHMACKENZIEFURSTGOTTLIEBCALABROWILCOX SADNJD. Antiinflammatory new drug development workshop. J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;35:1-135. Google Scholar5. ROTH S. Drug use, the package insert, and the practice of medicine [Editorial]. Arch Intern Med. 1982;142:871-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HALPERIN J. From investigation to marketplace: moving drugs through the system. J Food Drug Cosmetic Law. 1981;36:166-8. Google Scholar7. New Drugs—Necessity of Effective Approval of Applications. 21 U.S. Code, Section 355, 216444 5630. Google Scholar8. ROTH S. The new look in drugs: is 'longer lasting' better? [Editorial]. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:472-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCrisis tiramínica: mujer de 52 años en tratamiento con IMAOPharmacologic Approaches to Musculoskeletal DisordersEvaluating the Antirheumatic DrugsSANFORD H. ROTH, M.D.Guidelines on New Anti-Rheumatic DrugsSANFORD H. ROTH, M.D. 1 July 1984Volume 101, Issue 1Page: 125-127KeywordsArthritisClimbingDrug administrationDrug research and developmentDrugsFood and Drug Administration Issue Published: 1 July 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
HCV RNA in serum of asymptomatic blood donors involved in post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH)
Authors: Erica Villa, Ilva Ferretti, Marisa De Palma, Margherita Melegari, P.P. Scaglioni, Paolo Trande, Chiara Vecchi, Nicoletta Fratti, Federico Manenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
RELATION OF PUBERTY TO BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA PRÆCOX
Authors: Charles E. Gibbs
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1923)

1. Cases are reported in which a definite change in personality appeared at puberty, with the actual psychosis developing later. 2. Most of the cases also gave a history of rapid growth or other disturbance or metabolism at puberty. 3. The relation of puberty to psychopathic behavior is discussed. 4. In certain cases of dementia præcox it is difficult to determine whether seclusive behavior appearing at puberty is a part of the personality or a part of the psychosis.
Effective Medical Treatment for Hydatid Disease?
Authors: Peter M. Schantz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Until recently, treatment of hydatid disease (larval echinococcosis) has been in the hands of surgeons, and there has been little to offer patients with nonresectable lesions or those who could not tolerate surgery. However, recent experience with several benzimidazole drugs suggests that chemotherapy may be an important adjunct to surgery or, in certain circumstances, replace surgery as the therapy of choice. In this issue ofThe Journal, Motris and colleagues' describe their experience with albendazole, which of all the benzimidazoles tested so far, may hold the most potential. How much hydatid disease occurs in the United States? Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is acquired when human beings ingest eggs of the dog-host tapeworm<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>. The larval cysts typically occur in the liver and lungs or, less commonly, in othet organs. In the contiguous United States, locally acquired CHD is rare and strictly limited geographically; transmission is known to occur between dogs and sheep in
Activity of Surgical Patients
Authors: W. H. Beesley
Journal: BMJ (1964)

accident-prone at the time when they have already been inoculated with tetanus.Only the future will show how adequate antibiotics are as a prophylactic against tetanus.Active immunization of the whole population remains the ideal prophylaxis.In spite of the great difficulties of such a cam- paign this ought to be considered if surgical excision and antibiotics do not substantially reduce the incidence of tetanus.-Weare, etc.,