tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Fatigue in Patients With Cirrhosis Before and After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Axel Josefsson, Maria Castedal, Pia Henfridsson, Maria Bengtsson, Irene Hugosson, Bengt Andersson, Einar Björnsson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Gamma-interferon induced human keratinocyte HLA-DR synthesis: the role of dermal activated T lymphocytes
Authors: J. N. W. N. BARKER, H. A. NAVSARIA, I. M. LEIGH, D. M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Gamma‐interferon induced human keratinocyte HLA‐DR synthesis: the role of dermal activated T lymphocytes Get access J. N. W. N. BARKER, J. N. W. N. BARKER Laboratory of Applied Dermatopathology, United Medical and Dental Schools (Guy's Campus), Guy's Hospital, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. A. NAVSARIA, H. A. NAVSARIA Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, The London Hospital Medical School, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. M. LEIGH, I. M. LEIGH Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, The London Hospital Medical School, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. M. MACDONALD D. M. MACDONALD Laboratory of Applied Dermatopathology, United Medical and Dental Schools (Guy's Campus), Guy's Hospital, London, U.K. Dr D. M. MacDonald, Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 5, 1 November 1988, Pages 567–572, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03466.x Published: 01 November 1988
The Improvement in Renal Functions with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Telat Keleş, Tahir Durmaz, Hüseyin Ayhan, Abdullah Nabi Aslan, Cenk Sarı, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Emine Bilen, Nihal Akar Bayram, Murat Akçay, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Stevo Julius
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Borderline hypertension, a condition in which the blood pressure oscillates between normal and high values, is a predictor of future more severe hypertension. Pathophysiologically, borderline hypertension is different from established hypertension. A large proportion of such patients have elevated cardiac output and a normal vascular resistance. In established hypertension, the output is normal and resistance is elevated. The elevation of cardiac output in borderline hypertension is neurogenic; it can be abolished by an autonomic blockade of the heart. In addition to an increased cardiac sympathetic drive, increased sympathetic tone to the kidney, arterioles, and veins has also been found. In parallel with the hypersympathetic state, patients with borderline hypertension also show decreased parasympathetic tone. The enhanced sympathetic tone leads to a decreased cardiac responsiveness, and eventually, the cardiac output returns to the normal range. High blood pressure causes vascular hypertrophy, and hypertrophic vessels are hyperresponsive to vasoconstriction. These secondary changes in the responsiveness of the heart and blood vessels are the basis of transition from a high cardiac output to high-resistance hypertension. These hemodynamic changes are associated with a downregulation of the sympathetic tone. A picture of an apparently nonneurogenic high-resistance hypertension emerges. Nevertheless, when assessed in regard to the enhanced pressor responsiveness, the sympathetic drive in such patients is still excessive. Despite the apparently normal tone, the sympathetic nervous system continues to play an important pathophysiological role in established hypertension. Borderline hypertension is associated with numerous metabolic abnormalities including obesity and insulin resistance. It is tempting to view all these abnormalities as a common expression of the increased sympathetic drive in hypertension. Explanation of the basis of the association of hypertension and metabolic abnormalities promises to bring new insights into the pathophysiology of two common diseases of civilization: hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Radiation-induced leukaemia in spondylitics: dose-response relationships.
Authors: D Papworth, J Vennart
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Effective immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) relies on active induction of peripheral tolerance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in suppressing immune responses in various pathologic settings via multiple mechanisms, including expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we investigated whether MDSCs could act as APCs to induce expansion of Ag-specific Tregs, suppress T cell proliferation, and prevent autoimmune T1D development. We found that MDSC-mediated expansion of Tregs and T cell suppression required MHC-dependent Ag presentation. A murine T1D model was established in INS-HA/RAG<sup>−/−</sup> mice in which animals received CD4-HA-TCR transgenic T cells via adoptive transfer. We found a significant reduction in the incidence of diabetes in recipients receiving MDSC plus HA, but not OVA peptide, leading to 75% diabetes-free mice among the treated animals. To test further whether MDSCs could prevent diabetes onset in NOD mice, nondiabetic NOD/SCID mice were injected with inflammatory T cells from diabetic NOD mice. MDSCs significantly prevented diabetes onset, and 60% of MDSC-treated mice remained diabetes free. The pancreata of treated mice showed significantly lower levels of lymphocyte infiltration in islet and less insulitis compared with that of the control groups. The protective effects of MDSCs might be mediated by inducing anergy in autoreactive T cells and the development of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Thist study demonstrates a remarkable capacity of transferred MDSCs to downregulate Ag-specific autoimmune responses and prevent diabetes onset, suggesting that MDSCs possess great potential as a novel cell-based tolerogenic therapy in the control of T1D and other autoimmune diseases.
Topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are not associated with skin atrophy: reply from author
Authors: C. Queille-Roussel, C. Paul, J-P. Ortonne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, Professor Bos questions the validity of the study design that addresses the issue of the atrophogenic potential of pimecrolimus 1% cream (SDZ ASM 981) based on the speculative view that compounds with a molecular weight higher than 500 Da should not penetrate normal skin. Although this theory is of interest, there are few scientific data to substantiate it. Percutaneous absorption of topical drugs is a complex process and molecular weight is certainly not the only factor that determines skin penetration. Composition of the vehicle, skin site and drug concentration are among the numerous factors that can influence the percutaneous absorption of topical drugs.1 Thus, topical cyclosporin proved to be effective in atopic dermatitis when used at 10% concentration in an oily alcohol gel.2 Pimecrolimus is a molecule that adequately penetrates normal human skin. Clinically relevant concentrations were found both in the dermis and in the epidermis after single topical administration to normal human skin in vitro (Table 1). Administration of pimecrolimus 1% cream to healthy volunteers on up to 30% of the body surface area under strict standardized conditions, thus avoiding contamination, resulted in some systemic exposure (blood concentration range 0–0·62 ng mL−1). Although very low, the blood concentrations measured indicate percutaneous absorption through normal skin and are close to those recorded during treatment of adults with severe extensive atopic dermatitis (blood concentration range 0–1·4 ng mL−1).3 Absence of reporting of burning after application is definitely not an argument against penetration of a drug. Clinicians know that burning/stinging is a very common and non‐specific adverse event of any type of topical application on acute atopic dermatitis lesions.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF SALIVARY GLAND VIRUSES
Authors: Sarah A. Luse, Margaret G. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

A human and a mouse strain of the salivary gland virus have been examined by electron microscopy. The human strain was transmitted, prior to examination, to tissue cultures derived from human myometrial cells, while the mouse strain was examined in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. The nuclear forms associated with both strains of virus were morphologically similar. Nuclear inclusions, composed of particles interspersed with dense clumped chromatin, were a striking feature of infected cells. The cytoplasmic forms were of 2 types-one a 300 to 500 mmicro homogeneous dense spherical form, and the other a target-like form composed of a central dense dot in a pale zone surrounded by a dense shell-the entire configuration measuring 100 to 180 mmicro. The target-like particle appeared to be identical in both strains. The spherical cytoplasmic forms in cells infected with the human strain appeared to be solid, while in cells infected with the mouse strain there was evidence of formation of target-like forms within the spheres. Possible mechanisms by which infection of the cell may occur, as well as possible mechanisms and sites of multiplication of virus, are discussed.
Spontaneous milk ejection during lactation and its possible relevance to success of breast-feeding.
Authors: A S McNeilly, J R McNeilly
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a woman suckling twins it became apparent that both suckling-induced and precisely timed, spontaneous bursts of milk ejection were occurring. Observations on days 14, 28, 56, and 112 of lactation disclosed highly significnat increases in intervals between episodes of spontaneous milk ejection. Furthermore, at all stages of lactation the interval between a feed and the next episode of spontaneous ejection was significantly longer than the interval between spontaneous ejections. The decrease in frequency of episodes of spontaneous milk ejection during lactation may be related to the decreasing release of prolactin in response to suckling. Spontaneous milk-ejection episodes are felt only when the breast is full and may signal its readiness for a further suckling episode. Such bursts of milk ejection may stimulate the suckling response in babies, suggesting that rigid three- or four-hour feeding regimens may be unphysiological and pose a threat to the success of breast-feeding in the early postnatal period.
DERIVATION OF A SIMPLIFIED PULMONARY EMBOLISM TRIAGE SCORE (PETS) TO PREDICT THE MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH CONFIRMED PULMONARY EMBOLISM FROM THE EMERGENCY MEDICINE PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN THE REAL WORLD REGISTRY (EMPEROR)
Authors: Beau Briese, Donald Schrieber, Brian Lin, Gigi Liu, Jane Fansler, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Brian J. O&apos;Neil, David Slattery, Brian Hiestand, Jeff A. Kline, Charles V. Pollack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Management of Emotional Reactions in Seriously Burned Adults
Authors: N.J. C. Andreasen, Russell Noyes, C. E. Hartford, Gene Brodland, Shirlee Proctor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract To observe their types of emotional problems and the management problems that they present to attending physicians, seriously burned adult patients received a psychiatric evaluation and were followed closely throughout their hospital course. Reactions such as anxiety, depression, regression and fear of deformity were noted in nearly all patients at some time during the hospital course, and a smaller number became serious management problems owing to delirium. If he has some insight into the nature and causes of these reactions, the attending physician can usually handle them without psychiatric consultation.
Increased Dietary Vitamin D Suppresses MAPK Signaling, Colitis, and Colon Cancer
Authors: Stacey Meeker, Audrey Seamons, Jisun Paik, Piper M. Treuting, Thea Brabb, William M. Grady, Lillian Maggio-Price
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epidemiologic studies associate low serum vitamin D levels with an increased risk of colon cancer and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 129-Smad3tm1Par/J (Smad3−/−) mice are a model of bacteria-driven colitis and colon cancer when infected with Helicobacter bilis (H. bilis). Thus, we used this mouse model to determine whether increased dietary vitamin D would reduce inflammation and colon cancer. Smad3−/− mice were fed purified diet with either maintenance (1 IU vitamin D/g diet; maintenance) or increased concentrations of vitamin D (5 IU vitamin D/g diet; high vitamin D). One week after diet initiation, mice were inoculated with broth or H. bilis and were necropsied at several time points postinoculation to assess inflammation, dysplasia, and neoplasia incidence. At 16 weeks postinfection, 11% of mice fed high vitamin D diet had cancer compared with 41% of mice fed maintenance diet (P = 0.0121). Evaluation at an early time point (1 week postinfection) showed that animals fed high vitamin D had decreased MAPK (p-P38 and p-JNK) activation in lamina propria leukocytes as well as decreased NFκB activation in colonic epithelial cells. Reduction in MAPK and NFκB activation correlated with decreased IBD scores (2.7 vs. 15.5; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) as well as decreased inflammatory cell infiltrates and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cecal tissue. These findings suggest that increased dietary vitamin D is beneficial in preventing inflammation-associated colon cancer through suppression of inflammatory responses during initiation of neoplasia or early-stage carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4398–408. ©2014 AACR.
Schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi
Authors: I J P Loefler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In the “old days” people used to swim in Lake Malawi with impunity: there were few people about, and if the snails that give rise to schistosomiasis occurred at all their habitat was limited, for the shores are mostly stony and the slopes steep - and the winters are cold.1 In …
Reflex stimulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in response to apnea.
Authors: C P O'Donnell, A R Schwartz, P L Smith, J L Robotham, R S Fitzgerald, M Shirahata
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of afferent input in the reflex modulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in response to apnea. Apneas of 20-, 40-, and 60-s duration were induced in the anesthetized, paralyzed cat (n = 7) ventilated with either room air or 100% oxygen. While receiving room air, there were increases (p < 0.005) in renal SNA of 34.5 +/- 4.2%, 53.3 +/- 6.4%, and 59.9 +/- 7.2% of maximum during the 20-, 40-, and 60-s apneas, respectively. There were corresponding increases (p < 0.025) in mean arterial pressure (Pa) of 9 +/- 3, 30 +/- 9, and 45 +/- 12 mm Hg during the 20-, 40-, and 60-s apneas while receiving room air, respectively. The effect of 100% oxygen was to reduce (p < 0.0001) the renal SNA response to apnea, at a matched level of PaCO2, by at least 80%, and to eliminate any increase in Pa. During the first breath of the postapneic period, there was a partial inhibition of renal SNA. During the second and third breaths of the postapneic period, there was a marked fall in renal SNA that was associated with a precipitous decline in directly recorded carotid chemoreceptor activity (n = 2). The magnitude of the fall in renal SNA after apnea was related to the degree of postapneic hypertension. We conclude that hypoxic chemoreceptor stimulation is the predominant factor generating the renal SNA response to apnea, with modulating inputs from thoracic afferents and arterial baroreceptors likely contributing to the marked inhibition of renal SNA immediately after the apnea.
No evidence found that homoeopathy is effective against cancer
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A systematic review of homoeopathy in cancer treatment has found insufficient evidence of clinical benefits. Its authors, who caution that the review was limited by the lack and poor quality of some of the primary data, call for more research, including clinical trials that minimise bias.

The authors of the review concluded that the published literature on homoeopathy contains insufficient evidence to support clinical efficacy of homoeopathic treatment ( European Journal of Cancer 2006;42:282-9). They added, “The evidence emerging from this systematic review …
EGG ALBUMIN AS CULTURE MEDIUM
Authors: W. W. Goodrich
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have on several occasions used the albuminous portion of a hard boiled egg as an emergency culture medium. As none of the laboratory men to whom I have mentioned it had ever heard of its use, I decided to report it. I prepare the egg by boiling for five minutes; then I drop it in cold water for two or three minutes, split the egg, shell and all, lengthwise, remove the yolk from each half and make the culture on the concave surface, and then put the two halves together and wrap them up ready to send to the laboratory. The culture will keep moist and remain warm for a considerable time. I first used this in a case of suspected diphtheria that was 30 miles from the nearest prepared culture tube, and the report came back so good that I have used it several times
Evidence of transmission of hepatitis D virus to spouses from sequence analysis of the viral genome
Authors: Jaw-Ching Wu, Chuan-Mu Chen, I-Jane Sheen, Shou-Dong Lee, Huey-Miin Tzeng, Kong-Bung Choo
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To study sexual transmission of hepatitis D virus (HDV), 52 spouses of 56 index patients were observed and HDV genomes from antibody to HDV (anti-HDV)-positive couples were sequenced. Of the spouses, 11 (21%) were serum HBsAg positive, 3 (27%) of whom were also anti-HDV positive. The HDV sequences between spouses were found to be nearly identical (98% to 98.8%) in the region analyzed (nt 911 to nt 1260). Only one couple showed an identity > 90% with the genotype I HDV strains. The HDV sequences of the remaining two couples showed > 95% identity with each other and > 91% homology with genotype II, but they shared only a 73.1% to 73.7% homology with those of the first couple. The regions corresponding to the autocatalytic cleavage sites, the junction between the middle and the carboxyl terminal one-third domains, and the middle domain of the open reading frame for delta antigen on the antigenomic HDV RNA were more conserved with < 19% divergence among the three couples. Interestingly, there was a 56% divergence in the region corresponding to the carboxyl end of the open reading frame for the large delta antigen on the antigenomic HDV RNA. In summary, this study provides a direct nucleotide evidence of a common source of HDV infection in each couple. Despite divergence in the viral nucleotide sequence, both genotypes I and II were found in Taiwan and were transmitted from patients with a history of prostitute contact to spouses through sexual contact.
Cardiac Remodeling: Mechanism and Treatment
Authors: Sidney Goldstein
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The appreciation that the myocardium changes shape and structure in response to disease has been appreciated for more than a century.The German anatomists including Krehl, Romberg, Aschoff, and Tawara debated the morphological changes occurring in the heart related to function at the end of the last century.The seminal work of Linzbach 1 described the changes in myocyte size in response to aging and to hypertension, valvular heart disease, and heart failure.Because the cardiomyocyte is considered to be "terminally differentiated," it must respond to disease by adapting to change by modifying its molecular and cellular characteristics.In addition to the changes in the cardiomyocyte itself, changes also take place in the interstitium, collagen, and coronary vasculature that surround it.Although it has been intuitive that remodeling is a progressive process, only in the last decade have we begun to understand the factors that initiate and perpetuate the process.The immense progress that has been made in our understanding of the remodeling process in heart failure is extensively reviewed in this book.Its arrival is timely, occurring at a moment when the field is catching its breath and moving in new directions.It is particularly useful as an overview of the current understanding of remodeling from the perspective of both the basic scientist and the clinician.The first section of the book discusses in depth the structural changes associated with remodeling that include excellent discussions of those that occur in the myocyte and the interstitium.These changes are related to the clinical problems in patients with heart failure.The excellent review by Martin Gerdes covers the cellular changes associated with hypertrophy and stretch.Stephan Hein and Jutta Schapper provide elegant illustrations of the functional and structural changes associated with hypertension.Jeffrey Borer and Karl Schuleri integrate the structural changes to the clinical changes into the phenotypical heart patient.
Lymphoproliferative responses to hepatitis C virus core, E1, E2, and NS3 in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated with interferon alfa
Authors: G Leroux-Roels, C A Esquivel, R DeLeys, L Stuyver, A Elewaut, J Philippé, I Desombere, J Paradijs, G Maertens
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The quality of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T-cell response may greatly determine the course of an HCV infection. An adequate T-cell response may contribute to a successful clearance of the virus and a rapid recovery from the disease. An inadequate response may lead to viral persistence and may eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage in chronic disease. The effect of interferon alfa (IFN-α), presently the most popular therapeutic agent for chronic HCV infections, on HCV-specific T-cell responses is completely unknown. To demonstrate the presence of HCV-specific T lymphocytes during chronic HCV infections, to know their antigenic specificities, and to examine possible effects of IFN-α treatment on their presence and antigen recognition patterns, we have stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 35 chronic HCV patients with nine pools of synthetic peptides representing the HCV Core, E1, and E2 proteins as well as with a recombinant NS3 protein. The proliferative responses of PBMC from 16 healthy control subjects toward these antigens were measured for comparison. Lymphoproliferative responses of patients with chronic HCV infections were assayed either before (in 10 patients), during (in 13 patients), or after (in 21 patients) treatment with IFN-α. The analysis showed that PBMC from most HCV patients consistently recognized the COOH-terminal part of the core protein. E1, E2, and NS3 were recognized less frequently. This recognition pattern was not related to the therapy with IFN-α nor to the clinical response of the patient toward this therapy. The response to the Core protein could be fine-mapped to the COOH-terminal region encompassing amino acids (aa) 73 to 92, 121 to 140, 145 to 164, and 157 to 176.