tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Numbers of Both Airway Basophils and Mast Cells in Sputum after Allergen Inhalation Challenge of Atopic Asthmatics
Authors: GAIL M. GAUVREAU, JONG M. LEE, RICHARD M. WATSON, ANNE-MARIE A. IRANI, LAWRENCE B. SCHWARTZ, PAUL M. O'BYRNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Mast cells and basophils are metachromatic cells that participate in allergic inflammation. Allergen challenge to the airways of atopic asthmatic individuals increases levels of metachromatic cells, which may reflect an increase in mast cells, basophils, or both. We conducted a study to characterize the kinetics of basophil and mast cell recruitment to the airways of atopic asthmatic subjects after allergen inhalation challenge, using monoclonal antibodies specific for each type of cell. Of 19 subjects, 14 developed both early- and late-phase asthmatic responses (dual responders [DRs]), whereas five developed only early asthmatic responses (early responders [ERs]) after allergen inhalation. There was a significant increase in the number of sputum eosinophils (p < 0.002) and basophils (p < 0.002) at 7 h and 24 h after challenge in both ERs and DRs. There was also a significant increase in the number of activated eosinophils (p = 0.00002) and mast cells (p = 0.009) in sputum at 7 h and 24 h after challenge in DRs, but not in ERs (p > 0.4). DRs had a significantly higher number of allergen-induced sputum basophils than did ERs (p < 0.01), and sputum basophils correlated significantly with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine at 24 h after challenge (r = 0.66, p = 0.002). DRs tended to have higher allergen-induced basophil levels than did ERs, which may contribute to the observed AHR.
PICKING THE BEST NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULANT FOR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: EVIDENCE FROM A WARFARIN-CONTROLLED NETWORK META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Sara Roversi, Vincenzo Malavasi, Fabrizio D&apos;Ascenzo, Antonio Abbate, Davide Castagno, Benjamin Van Tassell, Edoardo Casali, Maria Grazia Modena
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The evolution of priming in cognitive competencies: To what extent is analogical reasoning adaptive?
Authors: Paul Bouissac
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract This commentary questions the general assumptions concerning the cognitive value of analogical reasoning on which the argument developed by Leech et al. appears to rest. In order to better assess the findings of their meta-analysis, it shifts the perspective from development to evolution, and frames their “how” concern within a broader “why” issue.
Psychiatric Selection of Candidates for Space Missions
Authors: Carlos J. G. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Psychiatrists are being called on to provide consultations in situations of increasing variability and complexity from their traditional role. The wide scope of psychiatry as a medical specialty allows for the appropriateness of such requests. But divergence from the traditional role raises problems. In the situation of being asked to select candidates for a space mission the primary problem is in identifying the most healthy individual. Fifteen candidates for a space mission were evaluated by a team of two psychiatrists and a clinical psychologist. All of the candidates were found to be qualified as being free from psychopathology. Beyond this, a rank order of the candidates was developed, based on positive factors of suitability for the assignment. There are no ready-made guidelines, specific stress situations, or personality type qualifications on which to readily determine such a selection. The psychiatrist must approach such a task in a globally oriented manner, making the most of his talent for empathic understanding of the individual candidate's personality and motivations.
Distinct nuclear proteins competing for an overlapping sequence of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and negative regulatory elements regulate tissue-specific mouse renin gene expression.
Authors: M Horiuchi, R E Pratt, N Nakamura, V J Dzau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The mouse renin locus (Ren-1d) exhibits specific patterns of tissue expression. It is expressed in kidney but not submandibular gland (SMG). This locus contains a negative regulatory element (NRE) and a cAMP responsive element (CRE) that share an overlapping sequence. In the kidney, CRE binding proteins (CREB) and NRE binding proteins (NREB) compete for binding to this sequence, with the CREB having a greater affinity. In the SMG, CREB is inactivated by an inhibitory protein, permitting NREB to bind to the sequence, thus inhibiting Ren-1d expression. We hypothesize that the competition between NREB and CREB for this sequence governs tissue-specific expression of mouse renin. We speculate that this may be a general paradigm that determines tissue-specific gene expression.
Steady state and instantaneous pressure-flow relationships: characterisation of the canine abdominal periphery
Authors: R BRAAKMAN, P SIPKEMA, N WESTERHOF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

This study was performed to characterise a vascular bed in terms of pressure-flow relationships. Steady state and instantaneous relationships were obtained in the flow perfused isolated femoral beds of six mongrel dogs. The steady state pressure-flow relations were obtained by applying a series of stepwise changes of flow in random order. The relations were found to be straight and to have a zero-flow pressure intercept (P0). The slope of this relation is the differential resistance (Rd). On each steady state flow level a ramp-flow was superimposed. The pressure response was measured between 1.5 and 5 s after the start of the ramp-flow, to exclude compliance effects and (auto) regulatory effects, respectively. In this way instantaneous pressure-flow relations were obtained, the slope of this relation is the instantaneous resistance (Ri). The instantaneous resistance expresses the true physical resistance value at a working point of the steady state pressure-flow relation before the bed has performed its (auto)regulatory adaptation after a change in flow. Instantaneous resistance therefore characterises the vascular state that exists at that particular working point. After this particular vascular state has been modified by (auto)-regulation the steady state pressure-flow relation is reached again. Instantaneous resistance increases with increasing flow thereby approximating the value of the differential resistance. At the same flow a vasodilator decreases and a vasoconstrictor increases instantaneous resistance. The gain (G) of the system, that characterises the (auto)regulatory capability, was calculated as G = 1--Ri/Rd and was found to decrease with increasing flow. The (partial) reflection of travelling waves depends on both the characteristic impedance (Zc) and the instantaneous resistance rather than on differential or peripheral resistance. Furthermore it is the product of the instantaneous resistance (Ri) and vascular compliance (C) that determines the time constant of a vascular bed.
OPERATIONS OF EXPEDIENCY ON RECRUITS
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1914)

TIIE MEDICAL SERVICE OF TIIL EAELSHi ARM.YIY CORPS.CONSIDE.RABLE progress has recently beeln made in the organization of tlie Welslh Army Corps.At thte last meeting of the execiitivc conmittee it was decided that recrLuits should be sent for-traininig to Rliyl, Llanlduidno, and Colwyn Bay.The responsible duty of raising and organizing tlc nmedical units for the corps hias been entrusted to Mr. Lynn Thomas, C.B.The formation lhas been auithorized for the 1st Division of tllreO field amibulances and a sanitary cormpany, in addition to the lhead quarters s Staff, and, it is to be presumed, battalion mnedical officers.Each field ambulance will, in com11- pliance withi the new regulations, be provided with seven iotor and t-ree horSed ambUlances.Thie St. David's Centre of the St. John Ambulance Brigade hias Under-1 taken to provide one Of tlhe
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting Enhances Survival in Diabetic Patients: A 30-Year Follow-Up of Propensity Score–Matched Cohorts”
Authors: Malcolm J. Dorman, Paul A. Kurlansky, Ernest A. Traad, David L. Galbut, Melinda Zucker, George Ebra
Journal: Circulation (2013)
NHS whistleblowers are still being gagged, warns Baby P doctor
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A consultant paediatrician who raised concerns about a clinic where baby Peter Connelly was treated days before his death has warned that the NHS still has a culture where managers and organisations are stopping potential whistleblowers from speaking out.

Kim Holt, who raised concerns over poor record keeping and understaffing at St Ann’s clinic in Haringey, north London, where Peter Connelly was seen by an inexperienced locum doctor at the clinic days before he was killed, told the BMJ that whistleblowers were often being “gagged” by clauses written into their contracts after they are “paid off by NHS organisations to leave their jobs.” …
The Comparison of the Antithrombotic Action of the Thrombin-like Fraction of Malayan Pit Viper Venom and Heparin
Authors: K. E. Chan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

The in vivo defibrinating fraction of Agkistrodon rhodostoma venom was found to be effective in the prevention of experimental arterial thrombosis. Heparin did not have this action unless given in high doses which resulted in excessive haemorrhage.
Stem Cells to Pancreatic β-Cells: New Sources for Diabetes Cell Therapy
Authors: Tingxia Guo, Matthias Hebrok
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

The number of patients worldwide suffering from the chronic disease diabetes mellitus is growing at an alarming rate. Insulin-secreting beta-cells in the islet of Langerhans are damaged to different extents in diabetic patients, either through an autoimmune reaction present in type 1 diabetic patients or through inherent changes within beta-cells that affect their function in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Cell replacement strategies via islet transplantation offer potential therapeutic options for diabetic patients. However, the discrepancy between the limited number of donor islets and the high number of patients who could benefit from such a treatment reflects the dire need for renewable sources of high-quality beta-cells. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are capable of self-renewal and can differentiate into components of all three germ layers, including all pancreatic lineages. The ability to differentiate hESCs into beta-cells highlights a promising strategy to meet the shortage of beta-cells. Here, we review the different approaches that have been used to direct differentiation of hESCs into pancreatic and beta-cells. We will focus on recent progress in the understanding of signaling pathways and transcription factors during embryonic pancreas development and how this knowledge has helped to improve the methodology for high-efficiency beta-cell differentiation in vitro.
Streptococcal Pharyngitis-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> All of the cases in our retrospective study were chosen because they had clinical sore throat and cultures of the posterior pharynx that were positive for group A β-hemolytic<i>Streptococcus</i>; ASO titers were not obtained. Although we agree with Bisno<sup>1</sup>that the throat culture is the most effective test for differentiating streptococcal from nonstreptococcal sore throat, it is possible that some of our patients had viral sore throat with streptococcal colonization. The purpose of our study was to ascertain if the time of administration of penicillin could be shown to have an effect on the duration of the clinical illness seen in our hospital. It could not. Dr Weissbluth is correct: ours was a retrospective study. However, if no effect is shown, it seems unnecessary to use placebo controls. We are in full agreement with Komaroff's<sup>2</sup>strategy for immediate treatment.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF SCAR-RELATED VT ABLATION FOR ICM IN SINUS RHYTHM BY SUBSTRATE MODIFICATION
Authors: Jorge Romero, Patricia Chavez, Jay Doshi, Faraj Kargoli, Grushko Michael, John Fisher, Kevin Ferrick, Jay Gross, Andrew Krumerman, Luigi Di Biase, Soo Gyum Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
COMPARISON OF PERCUTANEOUS CLOSURE FOR LARGE VERSUS SMALL CIRCUMFERENCE MITRAL PARAVALVULAR LEAKS
Authors: Robert Kumar, Chad Kliger, Pablo Diez–Villanueva, Jorge Rodriguez–Capitan, Teresa Cano, Vladimir Jelnin, Itzhak Kronzon, Leandro Maranan, Gila Perk, Carlos Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
EQUIPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT OF FITNESS FACILITIES: THE PERSPECTIVE OF FITNESS INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES
Authors: S Gray, P Keyzer, K Norton, J Dietrich, B Sekendiz, I Coyle, C Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Fitness facilities provide an avenue for people to engage in physical activity, however it is important that these facilities do all in their power to reduce the likelihood of injuries occurring. The attitudes and practices of those employed in the fitness industry with respect to risk management are important for implementation of injury prevention measures, as are risk management procedures currently in place. Objective To identify views of the fitness industry employees about injury risks and hazards associated with equipment and training environments within fitness facilities and their risk management and hazard identification practices in relation to them. Design A 6-week nationwide online survey. Setting Australia-wide fitness industry. Participants 1 178 adults across Australia who own, manage or work in the fitness industry. Main outcome measurements Responses to 6-point Likert scale questions. Results 79.1% of survey respondents held the safety of the fitness premises in high importance, and 80.2% stated that the location and condition of their facility (access, lighting, floor surfaces etc.) was very/extremely safe. The layout of equipment in the facility was very/extremely good in 61.9% of cases, and fitness equipment maintenance was reported to have been conducted frequently by 68.5% of the respondents. Fitness employees frequently observed hazardous conditions of the exercise areas with respect to objects lying around (43.8% of cases), equipment misuse (41.9% of cases), and facility users lifting weights that were considered too heavy (47.8% of cases). Conclusion The findings suggest that facility users should be provided with further education regarding their physical activity programs and behaviours that could reduce injury risk, and that guidelines for using the facility should be made more obvious. The findings also indicate that fitness industry employees should be given risk management training, and that in facilities where hazards were observed and hazardous practices are engaged in, that risk analysis and management protocols need to be implemented.
Drug induced impairment of polymorphonuclear cell bactericidal ability in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Youinou, P Le Goff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Thirty three patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated only with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were divided into two groups according to the drug received (group A: diclofenac, group B: indomethacin or ketoprofen), and their polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell functions were investigated. We found that bactericidal ability was the only function significantly impaired in group A as compared with group B patients and normal controls. This modification correlated well with the reduction of control PMN bactericidal ability when this test was carried out in patient plasma. These differences between drug effects might explain some of the discrepancies between reports of PMN cell functions in RA.
Teaching of family and community medicine.
Authors: J. H. Walker, H. G. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Although almost 50 % of medical graduates in this country ultimately work in general practice, family medicine remains an insignificant part of most undergraduate experience.At the same time traditional public health teaching has become increasingly handicapped by a lack of clinical contact imme- diately appeal ng to the student.The new pattern of medical education established in Newcastle in 1962 provided an oppor- tunity for experiment in an attempt to correct both of these shortcomings.Under the new regulations the student's first clinical experience comes in his third year-the mornings of which are spent in rotation through four-week or eight-week periods of paediatrics, psychiatry, outpatient teaching, casualty and radiology, and family and community medic ne.The first family and community medicine course began in 1964.Twelve local general practitioners were appointed " tutor in family medicine."Eight members of the local authority health and social services department became tutors in com- munity medicine, and a full-time lecturer in public health responsible for tutorial teaching in community medicine acted as general co-ordinator.Six hospital specialists each associated with two of the family doctors completed the teaching group. Family MedicineWith only 16 mornings of teaching-time available, the main problem was what to teach.We wanted to break away completely from the old idea of taking the student round a general practice.Family medicine, like any other branch of medicine, consists of a body of knowledge.This is extensive and not always clearly defined, and the question was, What should be presented to the student at this early stage of his clinical experience ?By analysing the contents together, the general aims of the group became clearer: to introduce the student to family medicine and to show him the essential functions of the family doctor.By demonstrating some of the diseases and encouraging the student to share in some of the situat ons peculiar to family practice he would be given an understanding of the special contribution made by family and community medicine to medicine as a whole.The diseases and situations selected were grouped under five broad headings:Measures concerned with the maintenance of family health and well-being.Common illnesses dealt with entirely by the family doctor.Chronic and disabling disease.
Calcium in the Aortic Valve
Authors: D. LUKE GLANCY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The extent of aortic valvular calcification, graded roentgenologically, was correlated with hemodynamic severity as assessed by cardiac catheterization in 148 patients over age 35 who had aortic valvular disease. Each of 55 patients with extensive calcium seen on roentgenogram had severe aortic valvular disease: 29 had stenosis without significant regurgitation, 25 had stenosis and regurgitation, and 1 had pure regurgitation. Many of the 54 patients with small amounts of calcium seen on roentgenogram or with calcium seen only at fluoroscopy had severe aortic valvular disease, but in 12 of them it was hemodynamically mild. Of 39 patients in whom calcium could not be demonstrated either fluoroscopically or on roentgenograms, 12 had severe aortic regurgitation, but only 1 had severe aortic stenosis. The extent of aortic valvular calcification in general correlated with the peak systolic transvalvular pressure gradient but did not correlate with the degree of aortic regurgitation, and calcium was usually absent in patients with pure regurgitation regardless of its severity. Roentgenologic assessment of aortic valvular calcification provides useful information for evaluating patients suspected of having aortic valvular disease.
Social future of elderly admitted to acute care hospital: opinion of patient or family as predictive factor of subsequent transfer to long term care.
Authors: F Roudot-Thoraval, M Boubert, V Fourestie, J L Lejonc
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Acute polyradiculoneuropathy after amitriptyline overdoseDespite extensive use of amitriptyline only five cases of peripheral neuropathies have, to our knowledge, been reported.' 5No polyradiculoneuropathy has so far been related to treatment with amitriptyline. Case reportA 53 year.old depressive woman had been taking' amitriptyline 75 mg and lorazepam 2-5 mg daily in January 1984.At the beginning of February she took soluble amitriptyline 800 mg in a suicide.attempt.She became comatose, with generalised seizures, mydriasis, and urinary retention; her muscle stretch reflexes were normal, blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, body temperature 370C, and' pulse 100 beats/min.The clinical data and an electrocardiogram were normal.She needed respiratory help and gastric evacuation.The next day she was alert, and respiratory help was stopped.She complained of weakness in her left arm that worsened during the next three days.On examination she had severe flaccid tetraplegia, no muscle stretch reflexes, complete bilateral facial and motor bulbar nerve palsy, and axial muscle palsy, resulting in her being unable to keep her head and trunk upright.Though she complained about tinglinig ensations in her arms and legs and around her mouth, no abnormal sensations could be detected.Her gastrointestinal mobility, bladder function, and postural blood pressures were normal.She required respiratory help again during the next five days.By this time the cerebrospinal fluid, normal five days earlier, had an increased protein concentra- tion (1500 mg/I) with a normal cell count.An electromyogram showed signs of denervation, moderately decreased motor nerve conduction velocities, moderately decreased amplitude ofmuscle potentials, increased distal latencies and F waves, and no sign of a conduction block (table ).The results of tests of liver and renal functions, concentrations of porphyrins, thyroid hormones, and serum vitamins, and for syphilis and diabetes mellitus were normal.She denied having taken any other drugs or suffering from any other symptoms of neuropathy before admission.The cranial nerve palsies disappeared by the beginning of March, the weakness in the arms by the beginning of April, and the weakness in the legs by the beginning ofJune.The cerebrospinal fluid still contained an increased protein concentration (970 mg/i) in March but was normal in June.In August' 1986 investigations showed mild symmetrical w'eakness and amyotrophy in the proximal parts of the arms and legs, resulting in a rolling gait, normal stretch reflexes, and normal sensation.An electromyogram showed the same signs as before (table).