tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mandatory HIV Testing
Authors: Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Mandatory HIV TestingTheodore C. Eickhoff, MDTheodore C. Eickhoff, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:A common theme in the comments of Drs. Weissman and Buckingham is the need for mandatory testing of entire populations to identify HIV-infected persons and to control the AIDS pandemic. This is an opinion shared not only by many other physicians but also by many laypersons and their elected representatives. The reasons we have not adopted such an approach are adequately delineated in the position paper [1] and are briefly summarized here.First, the discrimination encountered at all levels of society by persons known to be infected with HIV has been abundantly documented during the first decade of ...References1. American College of Physicians and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:310-9. Google Scholar2. Cohen MS, Dallabetta G, Laga M, Holmes KK. A new deal in HIV prevention: lessons from the global approach (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:340-1. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 309-310KeywordsAIDSHIVHIV infectionsHealth carePopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
What's a Joint Like That Doing on a Nice Girl Like You?-Reply
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Dlesk is indulging in the delightful game of diagnosis from clues in art, which I have also played.<sup>1</sup>However, one should look at the actual picture rather than a reproduction to be sure that the clues lead in the right direction, and one must also consider stylistic variations to help explain what one sees. In my short discussion of the<i>Portrait of an Elderly Lady</i>by Frans Hals, I took pains to point out that I believed Hals was following the stylistic convention rather than depicting disease. I did state that a physician attempting to make a diagnosis would see interphalangeal osteoarthritis. I see no reason to change that diagnosis because of supposed metacarpophalangeal joint involvement, and certainly not because of synovial cysts or other lumpiness of the joints, or even signs of inflammation. These are all hallmarks of inflammatory interphalangeal osteoarthritis,<sup>2</sup>which is frequently
Defects of T-cell effector function and post-thymic maturation in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Ashish Jain, T. Prescott Atkinson, Peter E. Lipsky, Jay E. Slater, David L. Nelson, Warren Strober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM) results from mutations in the gene encoding for CD40 ligand (CD154). Patients with the syndrome suffer from infections with opportunistic pathogens such as Cryptosporidium and Pneumocystis carinii. In this study, we demonstrate that activated T cells from patients with XHIM produce markedly reduced levels of IFN-γ, fail to induce antigen-presenting cells to synthesize IL-12, and induce greatly reduced levels of TNF-α. In addition, we show that the patients' circulating T lymphocytes of both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets contain a markedly reduced antigen-primed population, as determined by CD45RO expression. Finally, we demonstrate that the defects in antigen priming are likely due to the lack of CD154 expression and insufficient costimulation of T cells by CD80/CD86 interactions. Taken together, this study offers a basis for the increased susceptibility of patients with XHIM to certain opportunistic infections.
Ten-color, whole blood flow cytometric analysis of human myeloid subsets; implications for immune monitoring in cancer patients
Authors: Michael P Gustafson, Yi Lin, Mary L Maas, Dennis A Gastineau, Allan B Dietz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Myeloid cells comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that include granulocytes and monocytes. Recent data reveals a complex role of myeloid cells as mediators of tumor progression and tumor induced immunosuppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been
Effects of Menopause on Trends of Serum Cholesterol, Blood Pressure, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Masazumi Akahoshi, Midori Soda, Eiji Nakashima, Katsutaro Shimaoka, Shinji Seto, Katsusuke Yano
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background To elucidate the impact of menopause on coronary risk factors, we determined the trends of serum cholesterol (mg/dL), blood pressure (BP, mm Hg), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ) and investigated whether menopause affects these trends in women in Nagasaki, Japan. Methods and Results Trends of cholesterol, systolic BP (SBP), and BMI from 9 years before menopause through 9 years after menopause in 579 women with natural menopause (ranging in age from 40.2±3.1 to 57.9±3.1 years; age at menopause, 49.4±3.0 years) and 134 women with surgical menopause (hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy; ranging in age from 34.9±4.5 to 51.7±5.1 years; age at menopause, 42.9±5.0 years) and those in 579 and 134 age- and time-matched male subjects (ranging in age from 40.1±3.1 to 57.8±3.2 years and from 35.2±4.5 to 51.6±5.0 years, respectively) in Nagasaki were determined by rearrangement of the data from 1958 to 1989 with time of menopause as the datum line. Although cholesterol tended to increase with age in both sexes, it increased significantly in women from 3 years before natural menopause to 1 year after natural menopause and from 1 year before surgical menopause to 1 year after surgical menopause. SBP and BMI did not exhibit a significant increase in relation to natural or surgical menopause. In male subjects, no significant increase of cholesterol, SBP, or BMI was observed at the age corresponding to natural or surgical menopause. Conclusions Natural menopause and surgical menopause exert an effect only on cholesterol, and an increase in cholesterol precedes natural menopause by 3 years and occurs at the time of surgical menopause.
Academic occupational health under threat: Author's reply
Authors: H A Waldron
Journal: BMJ (1989)

recruitment restricts the sample to members of peer groups and hence does not give a true picture of the range of workers (and presumably risks) involved in the sex industrv.This method may unintentionallv introduce bias into the results by increasing group awareness of the existence and aims of the study.We believe that a combination of recruitment tactics generates a more representative sample of the heterogeneous population of male prostitutes.
Familial congenital hypothyroidism due to inactivating mutation of the thyrotropin receptor causing profound hypoplasia of the thyroid gland.
Authors: M J Abramowicz, L Duprez, J Parma, G Vassart, C Heinrichs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Thyroid gland agenesis is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism and is usually sporadic. We investigated a brother and sister from consanguineous parents, ascertained through systematic newborn screening, and initially diagnosed with thyroid agenesis. Careful cervical ultrasonography in both patients revealed a very hypoplastic thyroid gland. By direct sequencing of the thyrotropin receptor gene, we identified the substitution of threonine in place of a highly conserved alanine at position 553, in the fourth predicted transmembrane domain. The mutation was found homozygous in the affected siblings, and heterozygous in both parents and two unaffected siblings. Functional analysis in transfected COS-7 cells showed that it resulted in extremely low expression at the cell surface as compared with the wild-type receptor, in spite of an apparently normal intracellular synthesis. The small amount of mutated receptor expressed at the surface of transfected cells bound thyrotropin with normal affinity and responded in terms of cAMP production, but the in vivo significance of these data from overexpressed receptor in transfected cells is unclear. Of note, blood thyroglobulin was unexpectedly elevated in the patients at the time of diagnosis, a finding that might prove useful in refining etiologies of congenital hypothyroidism.
Site of Substrate Stimulation of Jejunal Sucrase in the Rat
Authors: Martin H. Ulshen, Richard J. Grand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

To identify the site of stimulation of sucrase by a sucrose diet, changes in sucrase-specific activity of jejunal mucosa were studied after introduction of sucrose diet to carbohydrate-deprived rats. Results were correlated with simultaneous changes in villus gradients of sucrase-specific activity. Simultaneous with the introduction of sucrose diet, [(3)H]thymidine (100 muCi) was administered intravenously, and rates of cell migration measured during adaptation to the new diet. After a 72-h fast, rats fed sucrose diet for 6, 12, or 18 h showed no change in sucrase-specific activity in either whole mucosa or villus gradients. However, within 18-24 h after starting a sucrose diet, there was a marked rise in whole mucosal sucrase-specific activity above fasting values (99 +/- 14 vs. 38 +/- 4 muM glucose/min per g protein, P < 0.001) in association with the development of a region of increased activity at the lower villus (154 +/- 22 vs. 60 +/- 9 muM glucose/min per g protein, P < 0.02, but with no change in villus tip activity (56 +/- 5 vs. 46 +/- 8 muM glucose/min per g protein). Similar changes were seen in animals fed 24 h of sucrose diet after a 72-h carbohydratefree diet. Fasted animals fed sucrose diet for 36 h had increased sucrase-specific activity at the villus tip (144 +/- 11 muM glucose/min per g protein) as well as at the lower villus region, and this pattern persisted at 1 wk of sucrose diet. Maximal activity patterns for isomaltase and maltase paralleled those for sucrase, but the villus gradients for lactase were unaffected by sucrose diet. The region of maximal sucrase-specific activity always coincided with or followed the leading edge of radioactivity as determined by liquid scintillation counting. Therefore, sucrose-mediated changes in sucrase activity of the jejunal mucosa in the rat appear to be initiated at the level of the crypt epithelial cell and are expressed after a latent period of 18-24 h during which these cells mature and migrate toward the villus tip.
A quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis comparing lapatinib plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel alone for first line metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in HER2+ patients.
Authors: B Sherrill, A Dileo, M Amonkar, M Koehler, M Arbushites
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4090 Background: Women with MBC received first line treatment with lapatinib and paclitaxel (L+P) or paclitaxel alone (P) in a phase III randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. In a sub-group analysis of HER2+ (ErbB2+) patients, time to tumor progression for L+P was significantly improved, with an emerging trend for survival benefit. The Q-TWiST method was used to examine overall quality-of-life adjusted survival experience comparing the trade-off between treatment toxicities and delayed progression in a subset of the randomized ITT population that overexpressed HER2.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Survival curves for each treatment arm were partitioned into 3 health states: TOX (toxicity) - time with grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) during progression-free survival time; TWiST (time without toxicity or disease progression) - remaining time prior to progression in which no serious AEs were experienced; REL (relapse) - time until death or end of follow-up following disease progression. The utility-weighted sum of the mean health state durations was derived to calculate a Q-TWiST score and treatment comparisons were made at varying combinations of the utility weights using a threshold utility analysis.&amp;#x2028; Results: The ITT population included 579 subjects ages 23-87 of which 91 were HER2+ (n = 52 L+P, n = 39 P) based on FISH+ or IHC3+ irrespective of FISH (86 patients based on FISH+ or IHC3+ if FISH unknown; n = 49 L+P, n = 37 P). Overall median survival was 96 weeks after randomization based on data through 5FEB07. For the 91 patient cohort, using utility weights of 0.5 for both TOX and REL, i.e. counting 2 days of TOX or REL as 1 day of TWiST, resulted in a 9.4 week difference (p = 0.0459) in quality-adjusted survival favoring L+P. For the 86 patient cohort the difference was 8.5 weeks still favoring L+P (p = 0.1005). Q-TWiST differences between the arms (for 91 patient cohort) ranged from 5-13 weeks across utility weight combinations, with most tests providing a statistically significant advantage of L+P over P alone. Results from the sensitivity analysis using all grade AEs in the TOX state gave similar results.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Among HER2+ patients, treatment with L+P resulted in more quality-adjusted survival than with P monotherapy. When utilities for periods of toxicity and relapse were valued at half the utility of TWiST, the Q-TWIST difference was around 9 weeks, approximately 10% of the 96 weeks median overall survival. These findings represent clinically important differences between treatment groups in quality-adjusted survival. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4090.
Somatostatin in the treatment of acute pancreatitis: a prospective randomised controlled trial.
Authors: T K Choi, F Mok, W H Zhan, S T Fan, E C Lai, J Wong
Journal: Gut (1989)

<sup>18</sup>F-FDG metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total glycolytic activity (TGA) have been proposed as potential prognostic imaging markers for patient outcome in human solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to establish whether MTV and TGA add prognostic information to clinical staging in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). <b>Methods:</b> The Institutional Review Board approved this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant single-institution retrospective study. Forty-five patients with histologically proven oral or oropharyngeal SCC underwent PET/CT for initial cancer staging and were included in the study. MTV was measured using a gradient-based method (PET Edge) and fixed-threshold methods at 38%, 50%, and 60% of maximum standardized uptake value (SUV). The TGA is defined as MTV × mean SUV. Bland–Altman analysis was used to establish the reliability of the methods of segmentation. Outcome endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Cox proportional hazards univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. <b>Results:</b> In Cox regression models, MTV and TGA were the only factors significantly associated with survival outcome after adjusting for all other covariates including American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, with hazards ratio of 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.10; <i>P</i> = 0.006) and 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.01; <i>P</i> = 0.02). The model fit was significantly better when MTV was added to AJCC stage in model I (χ<sup>2</sup> value change, 1.16–6.71; <i>P</i> = 0.01) and when TGA was added to AJCC stage in model II (χ<sup>2</sup> value change, 1.16–4.37; <i>P</i> = 0.04). The median cutoff point of 7.7 mL for primary tumor MTV was predictive of time to OS (log rank <i>P</i> = 0.04). The median cutoff point of 55 g for PET Edge primary tumor TGA was predictive of time to OS (log rank <i>P</i> = 0.08), though the result was not statistically significant. <b>Conclusion:</b> Gradient-based segmentations of primary tumor MTV and TGA are potential <sup>18</sup>F-FDG markers for time to survival in patients with oral and oropharyngeal SCC and may provide prognostic information in addition to AJCC stage. These exploratory imaging markers need validation in larger cohort studies.
Linkage of the Indiana kindred of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease to the prion protein gene
Authors: Stephen R. Dlouhy, Karen Hsiao, Martin R. Farlow, Tatiana Foroud, P. Michael Conneally, Patricia Johnson, Stanley B. Prusiner, M. E. Hodes, Bernardino Ghetti
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Development and validation of a new prognostic score of death for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in palliative setting
Authors: Caroline Tournoux-Facon, Xavier Paoletti, Jean-Claude Barbare, Olivier Bouché, Philippe Rougier, Laetitia Dahan, Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Roger Faroux, Jean Luc Raoul, Laurent Bedenne, Franck Bonnetain
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A GROUP METHOD FOR THE RAPID SCREENING OF CHRONIC PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: LEON L. RACKOW, PETER J. NAPOLI, SEYMOUR G. KLEBANOFF, ARNOLD A. SCHILLINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

The problem of the classification and treatment of the chronic psychiatric patient constitutes a critical situation in all large neuropsychiatric hospitals. A group method for the rapid screening of such patients is presented. This scale is statistically reliable and valid. Neuropsychiatric hospitals could well employ this technique in a periodic evaluation of their patients toward a more effective treatment and management program in view of the changes that can occur spontaneously or as a result of treatment in these patients; and as a demonstration of a constant state of flux, rather than stagnation, that can exist in a chronic psychiatric hospital population. The advantage of the group rating over an individual method is that it permits more rapid evaluation of a greater number of patients. The group method also permits the evaluation of social and interpersonal adjustment, which if present may be utilized as a vital remaining fundamental asset of the chronic psychiatric patient. This scale may also be of prognostic value since it may be used as an effective tool in the planning and evaluation of adjunctive therapies. It is economical to use since it can be conducted by nonmedical personnel, such as psychologists of dynamic orientation. The results of this pilot study have been so encouraging that additional ones are planned about many aspects of the chronic psychotic patient.
From the NIH. Estrogen may protect against lung disorder
Authors: D. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recent studies at Stanford (Calif) University suggest that three different genera of yeast either produce hormonelike substances or have receptors that bind human hormones. Since several of the types of yeast studied cause disease in humans, the researchers have been examining how the hormonal environment of the host may influence the pathogenesis of these diseases. David Feldman, MD, working with David Stevens, MD, of the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, Calif, and Angela Restrepo, PhD, of the Corporacion De Investigaciones Biologicas, Medellin, Colombia, have found an estradiol-binding protein in the infectious yeast<i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>. The presence of the protein probably explains the pattern of pathogenicity of this organism (<i>Infec Immun</i>1984;46:346-353;<i>Proc Nat Acad Sci USA</i>1983;80:7659-7663). Working with grant support from the NIH's National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the researchers also have determined that the presence of
Surface reactions of a plasma-sprayed CaO–P2O5–SiO2-based glass with albumin, fibroblasts and granulocytes studied by XPS, fluorescence and chemiluminescence
Authors: Giovanni Polzonetti, Giovanna Iucci, Aleš Frontini, Guido Infante, Claudio Furlani, Luciana Avigliano, Domenico Del Principe, Giuseppe Palumbo, Nicola Rosato
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Giardia-Induced Malabsorption in Pancreatitis
Authors: Thomas W. Sheehy
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This report deals with the onset of<i>Giardia</i>-induced, primary malabsorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis. To our knowledge, this association has been reported only once previously. A further review of the literature suggests that malnourished patients with chronic pancreatitis may be susceptible to<i>G lamblia</i>infection. Therapy for giardiasis rapidly reverses the diarrhea, malabsorption, and edema seen in these patients. (<i>JAMA</i>233:1373-1375, 1975)
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is independently associated with pulse wave velocity in nonobese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Minako Ohgushi, Ataru Taniguchi, Mitsuo Fukushima, Yoshikatsu Nakai, Akira Kuroe, Michihiro Ohya, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Yoshiro Taki, Satoru Yoshii, Kazunari Matsumoto, Yuichiro Yamada, Nobuya Inagaki, Yutaka Seino
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Prevention of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive diabetics with microalbuminuria.
Authors: M. Marre, G. Chatellier, H. Leblanc, T. T. Guyene, J. Menard, P. Passa
Journal: BMJ (1988)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To assess the effectiveness of inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in preventing diabetic nephropathy. DESIGN--Randomised follow up study of normotensive diabetics with persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 hours) treated with enalapril or its matched placebo for one year. Double blind for first six months, single blind for last six months. SETTING--Diabetic clinic in tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS--Treatment group and placebo group each comprised 10 normotensive diabetics with persistent microalbuminuria. INTERVENTIONS--Treatment group was given enalapril 20 mg daily and controls matched placebo. Patients were given antihypertensive treatment after one year. END POINT--Albumin excretion, arterial pressure, and renal function. MAIN RESULTS--In last three months of trial three of 10 patients taking placebo had diabetic nephropathy (albumin excretion greater than 300 mg/24 hours). No patients taking enalapril developed nephropathy and five showed normal albumin excretion (less than 30 mg/24 hours) (p = 0.005, Mann-Whitney test). Mean arterial pressure was reduced by enalapril throughout study (p less than 0.005) but increased linearly with placebo (p less than 0.05). Albumin excretion decreased linearly with enalapril but not placebo. An increase in albumin excretion with placebo was positively related to the increase in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.709, p less than 0.05, Spearman9s rank test). With enalapril total renal resistances and fractional albumin clearances improved progressively (time effect, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION--Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme prevents development of nephropathy in normotensive diabetics with persistent microalbuminuria. This may be due to reduction in intraglomerular pressure and to prevention of increased systemic blood pressure. Future studies should compare long term effects of inhibitors of converting enzyme with other antihypertensive drugs.