tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4212: p53 null spindloid murine mammary tumors show features associated with human claudin-low tumors and enrichment for cancer stem cells
Authors: Jason I. Herschkowitz, Mei Zhang, Wei Zhaow, George W. Murrow, David Edwards, Jana Knezevic, Stephanie B. Greene, Daniel Medina, Charles M. Perou, Jeffrey M. Rosen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The claudin-low subtype is a recently identified new and rare molecular subtype of human breast cancer which we hypothesize may be enriched for cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells (TIC). These tumors express low levels of tight and adherens junction genes including claudin 3 and E-cadherin. Claudin-low tumors also often highly express markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) including EMT inducers Snail, Twist, Zeb1, and Zeb2. These tumors are also enriched in recently published signatures derived from human TICs and a sorted population enriched for human mammary stem cells. Using comparative genomics, we discovered that there are mouse mammary tumors that have similar gene expression characteristics as claudin-low human tumors and are also enriched in the human TIC signature. Tumors in this group were rare tumors which came from a number of distinct mouse models including the p53 null transplant model. We have now collected over forty more tumors from the p53 null model, a phenotypically heterogeneous tumor model, in order to identify tumors of different molecular subtypes including claudin-low/spindloid tumors that can be transplanted and expanded in vivo. Here we present a molecular characterization of the p53 null mammary tumor bank as compared to other mouse models and human breast tumor subtypes. Similar to human tumors, the p53 null tumors fall into multiple molecular groups, a basal-like subtype, a luminal subtype, and a claudin-low subtype. Like human breast tumors, the p53 null claudin-low tumors show high expression of EMT inducers. They also show low to absent expression of both claudin 3 and E-cadherin by microarray as well as immunostaining. These groups also contain distinct genomic copy number changes as assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization. Finally, we show by limiting dilution transplantation, that p53 null claudin-low tumors are significantly enriched for TICs as compared to the more common adenocarcinomas arising in the same model. In conclusion, p53 null claudin-low/spindloid tumors show features of human claudin-low tumors and they are enriched for TICs, which has yet to be demonstrated experimentally for human claudin-low tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4212.
Improving healthcare access for people with visual impairment and blindness
Authors: M. E. Cupples, P. M. Hart, A. Johnston, A. J. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Visual impairment can have adverse consequences for health and wellbeing, and its prevalence is increasing, especially among older people People with visual impairment are likely to have limited access to information and healthcare facilities, and to receive sub-optimal treatment because staff are unaware of specific needs related to vision Being aware that people may have problems with vision is an important pre-requisite for good healthcare Taking time to communicate effectively about access, facilities, diagnosis, and management plans is necessary; communications, in visual or audio format, should be tailored to individuals' needs Checking that personal resources are in place to facilitate compliance with treatment plans is essential for good clinical care
Similarity of Diazepam to Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: George C. Schussler
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In supporting the use of diphenylhydantoin to prevent delirium tremens and convulsions during alcohol withdrawal, Adams (<b>218</b>: 598, 1971) mentions the structural similarity between diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital. I thought it might be interesting to note that x-ray crystallographic studies have recently shown a remarkable similarity between the stereochemical structures of diphenylhydantoin and diazepam.<sup>1</sup>The latter, of course, is widely used in the treatment of delirium tremens. It has been suggested that the structural similarity between diphenylhydantoin and diazepam permits these compounds to bind to the same central nervous system receptors, thus explaining their similar anticonvulsant effects. While this has yet to be demonstrated directly, it has been possible to show competitive binding of both diphenylhydantoin<sup>2</sup>and diazepam<sup>3</sup>to serum thyroxinebinding globulin, indicating that structural similarity is present under physiological conditions.
Heart valve replacement in children
Authors: B. Vidne, M. J. Levy
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Twenty children with heart valve disease were operated upon and underwent heart valve replacement between 1965 and 1968. Thirteen were girls and seven boys. At the time of operation their ages ranged from 3 to 16 years. All the patients were in classes III or IV prior to operation. Three children suffered from congenital valvular lesions and 17 from rheumatic lesions. In each patient left and/or right heart catheterization and angiographic studies were performed. Six patients underwent aortic valve replacement, 11 mitral, 1 tricuspid, and 2 double valve replacement. Mitral annuloplasty was performed in addition to aortic valve replacement in two patients, and tricuspid annuloplasty in addition to mitral valve replacement in another patient. In 19 patients a prosthetic valve was used and in one an aortic heterograft (pig). Two patients died in the early postoperative period (10%), and two later, two and nine months after surgery (10%). Postoperative thromboembolism occurred in four patients (20%). All have completely recovered. All the surviving 16 patients have been followed for a period of one to four and a half years and all showed significant clinical improvement; all children of school age have returned to school and/or other normal actitivies. The overall result has been encouraging and might justify a more aggressive approach in the management of valvular diseases in this specific group of patients.
The status of surgery for cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: J L Cox
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Successful surgical treatment of all forms of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias is dependent on accurate electrophysiologic guidance. Surgery for WPW syndrome is no longer experimental and should be offered to (1) patients with medically refractory reciprocating tachycardia associated with the syndrome, (2) patients with spontaneous atrial fibrillation who are at risk for sudden death, (3) patients with drug intolerance, and (4) young, otherwise healthy patients with symptoms that warrant more than minimal medical therapy. The current results of surgery for WPW syndrome would seem to lessen the likelihood that a major new method of superior nonpharmacologic treatment will emerge in the near future. Surgery for most other types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias remains experimental and should be applied only under the most controlled circumstances and after satisfying the most rigid criteria for surgical intervention, the main indication being absolute medical refractoriness. The single exception at the present time is surgery for AV node reentry tachycardia, which appears to be easily cured by the new technique of discrete cryosurgery of the peri-AV nodal region of the lower right atrial septum. In a majority of patients, ventricular tachycardia can be successfully ablated surgically without the use of electrophysiologic mapping to guide the surgeon. If such an approach is taken, however, the surgical treatment of these complex arrhythmias becomes a completely service-oriented exercise. Although delivery of such a service is of undeniable importance, the potential for learning more about these complex and lethal arrhythmias is lost unless each patient is studied as comprehensively as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P408In vitro examinaton of the pharmacological modulation of gap junction by carbenoxolone in the delayed antiarrhytmic effect of cardiac pacing
Authors: G Miskolczi, M Gonczi, M Kovacs, GY Seprenyi, A Vegh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: We have evidence that rapid cardiac pacing preserves gap junction (GJ) function by preventing the structural alterations that occur during ischaemia, 24h later; a mechanism which play a role the pacing-induced delayed protection against arrhythmias. Purpose: The present study has now examined whether closing of GJs prior to ischaemia with carbenoxolone (CBX) would attenuate the beneficial effects of pacing. Methods: Under light pentobarbitone anaesthesia 22 dogs were subjected to rapid right ventricular pacing (4x5 min, at a rate of 240 beats/min) and, 24 hours later, to a 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In 7 and 5 of these paced dogs CBX was infused locally into a small branch of the LAD in doses of 50 and 100 μM, respectively. The infusion was started 20 min prior to and maintained over the entire occlusion period. Another group of dogs (n=10) were instrumented but not paced and only subjected to occlusion. These dogs served as controls. At the end of the occlusion period, myocardial tissue samples were taken for the measurement of Cx43 phosphorylation, gap junction permeability, and immunofluorescence analysis of the intercalated discs (ID). Results: Compared with controls, cardiac pacing prevented the ischaemia-induced reduction in GJ permeability and the marked dephosphorylation of Cx43. Pacing also preserved the structural integrity of ID. CBX in both doses reversed the pacing-induced protection; i.e. the permeability of GJs was again decreased and the disruption of ID increased. CBX, however, did not affect the phosphorylation of Cx43. Conclusion: Our results that the inhibition of GJs with CBX prior to an ischaemic insult attenuates the protective effects of cardiac pacing confirm the role of GJs in the delayed phase of the pacing-induced protection.
Complications Among CPR Trainees
Authors: H. J. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The enthusiastic training of lay persons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a legitimate national priority. Some inherent complications of such instruction might be averted by slight modifications of the teaching techniques. Most instructors are familiar with muscle sprains in the lower area of the back and in the neck and infection from improperly cleaned mannikins used for demonstrating mouth-to-mouth respiration. More recently, I have encountered acute temporomandibular arthropathy occurring several days after CPR instruction and vigorous simulated mouth-to-mouth breathing. The patient required several lidocainesteroid injections for relief. Other side effects of CPR training undoubtedly have been encountered, especially among relatively sedentary volunteers. In view of the highly litiginous nature of our society, such complications could have medicolegal ramifications—notwithstanding the altruistic intent underlying CPR instruction.
Morphological and functional effects of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin-E2 on mucosal adaptation after massive distal small bowel resection in the rat.
Authors: J A Vanderhoof, C J Grandjean, J M Baylor, J Baily, A R Euler
Journal: Gut (1988)

The ability of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin-E2 (PGE) to augment mucosal adaptation 14 days after a 70% distal small bowel resection in the rat was evaluated. In resected (R) and sham operated (S) animals, subcutaneous PGE 75 mg/kg, 2 X/day, induced significant (p less than 0.05) increases in mucosal protein, DNA, and disaccharidase concentrations per centimetre of bowel. The respective per cent increases in the residual proximal small intestine compared with their respective untreated controls were: protein, R = 60%, S = 66%; DNA, R = 69%, S = 29%; maltase, R = 57%, S = 5%. The uptake of leucine by intestinal rings was significantly higher (50%) in the PGE treated group at a concentration of 2 mmol/l of substrate, while the uptake of glucose was similar in all groups. The drug appears to be an effective agent in stimulating morphological and functional adaptation after massive distal small bowel resection.
Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation
Authors: J. Borrie, J. Sheat
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Two cases of spontaneous intramural perforation of the oesophagus are described. In both, the area of dissection was extensive. The former recovered without operation; the latter required right thoracotomy and mediastinal and bilateral pleural drainage. Functionally, both have subjectively normal swallowing, but with fluoroscopic and manometric depression of peristalsis. In the light of this recent clinical experience the classification of oesophageal perforation is redefined. The differences between spontaneous <i>intramural</i> and <i>transmural</i> perforation of the oesophagus are stressed, as well as the importance of recognizing this new form of oesophageal perforation as a further lesion in the differential diagnosis of sudden, severe, retrosternal pain.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Bedside Cardiac Diagnosis
Authors: Thomas N. Stern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 June 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Bedside Cardiac DiagnosisThomas N. Stern, MDThomas N. Stern, MDBaptist Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bedside Cardiac DiagnosisHenry J. L. Marriott. 291 pages. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company; 1992. $49.95.Marriott, well known as a master explicator of the mysteries of the electrocardiogram, returns to his roots with this textbook devoted to the clinical examination of patients. In this age of technology, such an approach and emphasis is timely and welcome. Lip service is widely paid to the knowledge that most diagnoses can be made from a careful history and physical examination. In practice, there is a rush to the laboratory.The first and most successful part of the book describes cardiac examination in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baptist Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 911-912KeywordsArteriovenous malformationBlood flowCardiomyopathiesCongenital disordersElectrocardiographyHemorrhageResearch laboratoriesStenosisTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Meeting report of the British Society for Gastroenterology Meeting, March 2003
Authors: J I W Jones
Journal: Gut (2003)

The 2003 meeting of the British Society for Gastroenterology (BSG) was held at the ICC Birmingham. The range of subjects covered reflected the diversity of the speciality, and high quality clinical papers were in abundance. This contrasted with an interesting survey showing an apparent decline in the number of publications achieved by SpRs at the time of appointment to consultant grade from a median of 19 in 1993 to only five in 2001.1 Our ability to collect large amounts of clinical data are ever improving and current clinical practice came under scrutiny from a number of national and regional surveys. The BSG-blue card surveillance scheme was used to survey mortality from inflammatory bowel disease.2 This suggested that these diseases account for about 1% of all gastrointestinal deaths, and highlighted surgery and sepsis as key factors. The BSG also acted as a conduit for data collection for a national assessment of hepatitis C care in the UK.3 The survey demonstrated regional variation in both healthcare providers and treatment practice, and estimated that only about 5–10% of hepatitis C virus infected individuals are in secondary care. The theme …
Evaluation of two school smoking education programmes under normal classroom conditions.
Authors: D Nutbeam, P Macaskill, C Smith, J M Simpson, J Catford
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To assess the effectiveness of two school based smoking education projects in delaying onset of smoking behaviour and in improving health knowledge, beliefs, and values. DESIGN--Cluster randomised controlled trial of two projects taught under normal classroom conditions. Schools were allocated to one of four groups to receive the family smoking education project (FSE); the smoking and me project (SAM); both projects in sequence (FSE/SAM); or no intervention at all. SETTING--39 schools in Wales and England matched for size and catchment profile. SUBJECTS--All first year pupils in the schools were included and were assessed on three occasions (4538 before teaching (1988), 3930 immediately after teaching (1989), 3786 at one year follow up (1990)). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Self reported smoking behaviour (backed by saliva sample) and change in relevant health knowledge, beliefs, and values. RESULTS--No consistent significant differences in smoking behaviour, health knowledge, beliefs, or values were found between the four groups. For never smokers at baseline the rate of remaining never smokers in 1990 was 74% (594/804) in the control group, 65% (455/704) in the FSE group, 70% (440/625) in the SAM group, and 69% (549/791) in the FSE/SAM group (chi 2adj = 6.1, df = 3, p = 0.1). Knowledge about effects of smoking rose in all groups from a mean score of 5.4 in 1988 to 6.4 in 1989 and 6.5 in 1990. CONCLUSIONS--More comprehensive interventions than school health education alone will be needed to reduce teenage smoking. Other measures including further restrictions on access to cigarettes and on the promotion of tobacco products need to be considered. Further research will be needed to develop effective school based health education projects, which should be formally field tested under normal conditions before widespread dissemination.
Immunohistochemistry as a valuable tool to assess CD30 expression in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: high correlation with mRNA levels
Authors: Céline Bossard, Maria Pamela Dobay, Marie Parrens, Laurence Lamant, Edoardo Missiaglia, Corinne Haioun, Antoine Martin, Bettina Fabiani, Richard Delarue, Olivier Tournilhac, Mauro Delorenzi, Philippe Gaulard, Laurence de Leval
Journal: Blood (2014)
NF-kappa B-like factors mediate interleukin 1 induction of c-myc gene transcription in fibroblasts.
Authors: D J Kessler, M P Duyao, D B Spicer, G E Sonenshein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a pluripotent cytokine involved in mediating a variety of physiological processes, including induction of cell proliferation upon wound healing. Treatment of quiescent FS-4 human dermal fibroblast cells with IL-1 activates c-myc gene transcription, and nuclear localization of NF-kappa B. Previously, we have noted that the murine c-myc gene contains two functional NF-kappa B sites located at -1101 to -1081 bp (upstream regulatory element [URE]) and +440 to +459 bp (internal regulatory element [IRE]) relative to the P1 promoter. Here we have demonstrated that IL-1 treatment induced binding of NF-kappa B-like proteins (p50/p65) to these c-myc elements. Heterologous promoter-CAT constructs driven by multiple copies of either the URE or IRE were IL-1 inducible when transfected into FS-4 cells. In contrast, constructs harboring elements with two G to C residue conversions, such that they were no longer able to bind NF-kappa B, were not responsive to IL-1. Mutation of these two base pairs at both NF-kappa B sites within a c-myc promoter/exon I-CAT construct, resulted in loss of inducibility with IL-1 upon transfection into quiescent FS-4 cells. Thus, IL-1 significantly induces c-myc expression through positive regulation by NF-kappa B, suggesting a role for this family of factors in activation of proliferation associated with wound healing.
THE PROLONGATION OF INFANCY
Authors: Scott P. Child
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A significant and timely editorial is that inThe Journal, September 25, on "Relative Development of Uterus and Ovaries." As you intimate, the "sociological implications" are most important. For years, John Fiske's contribution to biology and sociology has impressed me. Both the medical profession and society at large should be giving heed to it—i. e., "The period of infancy of the human race is twenty-one years."
Morphological and microscopic identification studies of Cordyceps and its counterfeits
Authors: Hui-juan Liu, Hao-bin Hu, Chu Chu, Qin Li, Ping Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Macroscopic and microscopic studies were applied to distinguish Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. and its 5 common counterfeits. Transverse sections of stroma and larvae and surface sections of stroma of C. sinensis, Cordyceps gunnii, Cordyceps barnesii, Cordyceps gracilis, Cordyceps liangshanensis and Cordyceps militaris were examined and their morphological and microscopic features photographed. The main morphological and microscopic features of the 6 species of Cordyceps were basically similar except for certain diagnostic differences. These included macroscopic differences from C. sinensis as follows: the stroma of C. gunnii is stout and rough with sterile bulgy or branched apex; the larvae of C. barnesii has a pair of teeth on the head; the stroma of C. liangshanensi is thread-like; C. gracilis is without stroma; and C. militaris is without larvae. There were also microscopic differences: from C. sinensis as follows: the stroma of C. barnesii is without perithecia; C. gunnii, C. liangshanensis and C. gracilis are without bristles on the larva body. These differences allow C. sinensis and its counterfeits to be easily distinguished.
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, With Dysproteinemia
Authors: Gerald M. Berkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is a rare disease of young men, first described in 1935 by Touraine, Solente, and Gole.1It is characterized by clubbing of the fingers, periosteal new bone formation involving especially the long bones, and pachydermoperiostosis plicata. Although swelling and pain of the joints and dysproteinemia were not part of the original syndrome, they have been noted in connection with periosteal hyperostosis.2  Report of a Case:—  A 28-year-old white man was admitted to the Louis A. Weiss Memorial Hospital on April 17, 1966, because of scrotal swelling, arthralgia, and  The scrotal swelling followed trauma, and within 96 hours the patient became acutely ill with fever, chills, and markedly swollen painful joints.  The history revealed that he had been bedridden for several years at 7 years of age because of generalized arthritis; he had been told he had rheumatic fever. There were