tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>by Organ Transplantation
Authors: Ajit P. Limaye, Patricia A. Connolly, Manish Sagar, Thomas R. Fritsche, Brad T. Cookson, L. Joseph Wheat, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Histoplasmosis may occur either after primary infection or after reactivation of latent infection, and its incidence among immunocompromised persons, including recipients of organ transplants, is increasing.1–3 A variety of infectious agents are known to be transmissible by organ transplantation,4 but there has been no definitive evidence of transmission of Histoplasma capsulatum by this route. In the few previous reports of possible cases of such transmission, neither reactivation of latent infection nor primary infection from an environmental source was definitively ruled out.5–8 Recently, molecular typing of H. capsulatum has been shown to be useful in distinguishing relapse from reinfection . . .
Chloride channel diseases resulting from impaired transepithelial transport or vesicular function
Authors: T. J. Jentsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The transport of anions across cellular membranes is crucial for various functions, including the control of electrical excitability of muscle and nerve, transport of salt and water across epithelia, and the regulation of cell volume or the acidification and ionic homeostasis of intracellular organelles. Given this broad range of functions, it is perhaps not surprising that mutations in Cl– channels lead to a large spectrum of diseases. These diverse pathologies include the muscle disorder myotonia, cystic fibrosis, renal salt loss in Bartter syndrome, kidney stones, deafness, and the bone disease osteopetrosis. This review will focus on diseases related to transepithelial transport and on disorders involving vesicular Cl– channels.
Inverse relationship between long-chain n-3 fatty acids and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients starting hemodialysis
Authors: Allon N. Friedman, Zhangsheng Yu, Rebeka Tabbey, Cheryl Denski, Hector Tamez, Julia Wenger, Ravi Thadhani, Yong Li, Bruce A. Watkins
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Sorption of pollutants by plant detritus: a review.
Authors: W E Odum, J E Drifmeyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Detritus particles derived from the decomposition of vascular plants appear to have a high sorptive capability for a wide range of pollutants. Evidence is presented and reviewed which shows detrital concentration of heavy metals, radionuclides, and organochlorine insecticides. A study of a roadside marsh indicates that lead originating from automobile exhausts may reach concentrations as high as 1415 ppm on marshgrass detritus. We suggest that these elevated concentrations may, in turn, be passed on to detritivores which ingest the contaminated particles and experience desorption and assimilation of the pollutant within the digestive tract. Finally, potential mechanisms are listed which might explain detrital sorption; these include; microbial uptake (adsorption and metabolic absorption), association with detrital and microbial lipids, electrostatic adsorption in response to charges on the detritus particles, and formation of complexes and chelates at active sites on the organic molecules of the decomposing detritus.
Personalized synthetic lethality induced by targeting RAD52 in leukemias identified by gene mutation and expression profile
Authors: Kimberly Cramer-Morales, Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska, Kara Scheibner, Michelle Padget, David A. Irvine, Tomasz Sliwinski, Kimberly Haas, Jaewoong Lee, Huimin Geng, Darshan Roy, Artur Slupianek, Feyruz V. Rassool, Mariusz A. Wasik, Wayne Childers, Mhairi Copland, Markus Müschen, Curt I. Civin, Tomasz Skorski
Journal: Blood (2013)
25-Hydroxyvitamin D, cholesterol, and ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Laura D. Carbone, E. William Rosenberg, Elizabeth A. Tolley, Michael F. Holick, Thomas A. Hughes, Mitchell A. Watsky, Karen D. Barrow, Tai C. Chen, Nathaniel K. Wilkin, Syamal K. Bhattacharya, John C. Dowdy, Robert M. Sayre, Karl T. Weber
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Uptake of Ga-67 Citrate in a Benign Neurofibroma
Authors: ISAAC L. KAPLAN, LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, JEFFREY A. BAYDIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Gallium-67 uptake within neurofibrosarcomas is well known. However, uptake within a benign neurofibroma has not been described previously. This preferential avidity has led some authors to advocate gallium imaging for the screening of malignant degeneration of neurofibromas in patients with neurofibromatosis. The authors report a case of false-positive gallium uptake within a surgically proven benign neurofibroma in a patient with familial neurofibromatosis. Because the surgical approach is different for benign and malignant disease (local excision versus wide excision or even amputation), clinical management decisions should not be based solely upon the imaging findings.
PARALLELISM BETWEEN HERXHEIMER AND KAHN REACTIONS
Authors: JAMES E. HOUGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The Herxheimer reaction may be defined as an aggravation of pathologic processes in syphilis following the use of antisyphilitic therapy. The reaction manifests itself in various ways. There may be an increase in the intensity of the lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Gummas may become swollen and ulcerate before improvement is shown. Visceral lesions may react in a similar manner, manifesting themselves by fever, severe nephritis and obstructive jaundice lasting for a week or more. In syphilis of the nervous system, the symptoms may range from a mild cephalalgia to intensely aggravated focal symptoms and paralysis. As to the nature of the Herxheimer reaction, much difference of opinion exists among different workers. Many believe it is produced by the liberation of endotoxins from<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>, thereby accentuating the local and general syphilitic manifestations. Ehrlich suggested that the reaction is due to insufficient dosage of arsphenamine, and that instead
685 Adoptive transfer of NKT cells alleviates graft versus host disease and improves survival in a murine model of semi-allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: The role of the liver in tolerance induction
Authors: M MARGALIT, H HEBREW, A NAGLER, M OHANA, R SAFADI, R ALPER, Y SHERMAN, V DOVINER, E RABBANI, D ENGELHARDT
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We report a rare ‘hypomorphic’ C4 allotype detected during routine screening in controls for the Rogers:1 epitope. C4B∗15 was distinguished by having only faint staining when using polyclonal anti-C4 antibody on agarose inimunoelectrophoresis (e.g. hypomorphic), having relatively weak hemolytic activity but being strongly reactive with monoclonal antibody to Rodgers 1. TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) demonstrated that C4B∗ 15 segregated with 7 kb and 5.4 kb C4 gene fragments and with the haplotype HLA-A2,C-, B50,BW6,DR7,DQ2,DR52,S07C2(1,15). The 5.4-kb fragment was more intense than the 7.0-kb fragment, suggesting duplication of the 5.4-kb fragment. This hypomorphic C4 allotype (genotype frequency = 0.0088) has diminished expression of C4 epitopes commonly recognized by polyclonal anti-C4 and may be missed by standard phenotyping methods.
Self reported non-vertebral fractures in rheumatoid arthritis and population based controls: incidence and relationship with bone mineral density and clinical variables
Authors: R E Orstavik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To compare the incidence of self reported non-vertebral fractures after RA diagnosis between female patients with RA and control subjects, and to explore possible associations between non-vertebral fractures and bone mineral density (BMD), disease, and demographic factors.249 women (mean age 63.0 years) recruited from a county register of patients with RA and population controls (n = 249) randomly selected after matching for age, sex, and residential area were studied. Data on previous non-vertebral fractures were obtained from a detailed questionnaire, and BMD was measured at the hip and spine.53 (21.3%) patients with RA had had 67 fractures after RA diagnosis, the corresponding numbers for controls were 50 (20.1%) and 60 (odds ratio (OR) for paired variables for overall fracture history 1.09, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.77). The overall fracture rates per 100 patient-years were 1.62 and 1.45, respectively, but self reported hip fractures were increased in RA (10 v 2, OR 9.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 394.5). Patients with a positive fracture history had longer disease duration, were more likely to have at least one deformed joint, and had lower age and weight adjusted BMD than those with no fracture history. In logistic regression analysis, fracture history was independently related to BMD only.With the probable exception of hip fractures, non-vertebral fractures do not seem to be a substantial burden in RA. Similar independent relationships between levels of BMD and fracture history were found in patients with RA and in population based controls.
Tissue-Specific Estrogens — The Promise for the Future
Authors: Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

As life expectancy continues to increase, women will soon be postmenopausal for one third of their lives. The human and economic costs of this increased longevity in an estrogen-deficient state are substantial. They include a projected increase in cardiovascular events, the leading cause of death among postmenopausal women, and in osteoporotic hip fractures, which are associated with a 20 percent mortality rate within the first year. However, despite the well-established efficacy of estrogens in protecting women against cardiovascular disease and maintaining bone density and reducing fractures, less than one fifth of postmenopausal women ever take them.1 Furthermore, the proportion who . . .
HEREDITARY FAMILIAL DYSTROPHY OF THE NAILS
Authors: NORMAN TOBIAS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Affections of the nails are frequent in dermatologic practice, but the hereditary conditions are relatively uncommon. Moreover, they are interesting from the standpoint of genetics. In the family reported here, the deformity has occurred with considerable frequency, the defect being present in twelve cases through four generations. The onychoses may be congenital or acquired. The congenital types may consist of partial atrophy or complete absence. The etiology of the acquired types may be (<i>a</i>) inflammatory, (<i>b</i>) toxic, (<i>c</i>) parasitic or (<i>d</i>) trophic. Local causes are responsible for more than 50 per cent. of the cases of the disease. In every case of nail atrophy, syphilis should be ruled out by a Wassermann test, heredity by a careful history, and tinea infection by scrapings and cultures. Congenital dystrophy of the nails may be limited to the fingers or toes, or may involve both and may be apparent at birth, or appear
NAEGELI'S RETICULAR PIGMENTKD DERMATOSIS
Authors: D. A. WHITING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Naegeli's reticulated pigmentary derniatosis, sometimes confusingly called incontinentia pigmenti, appears to be brought about by a transitory fragility of tbe epidermal melanin unit with a loading of discharged melanin granules in a network probably along the veins leading to their very gradual removal. Two cases with special peculiarities are added to existing descriptions.
Reversibility of hepatic fibrosis in treated genetic hemochromatosis: A study of 36 cases
Authors: Ludivine Falize, Anne Guillygomarc'h, Michele Perrin, Fabrice Lainé, Dominique Guyader, Pierre Brissot, Bruno Turlin, Yves Deugnier
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The current study was undertaken to assess whether fibrosis could regress under venesection therapy in patients with C282Y homozygous genetic hemochromatosis. The 36 patients studied were recruited from a subfile of our database consisting of 125 C282Y homozygotes with either severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3 or F4 fibrosis stage, respectively, according to the METAVIR grading system). The second liver biopsy was performed for management of liver cancer, extrahepatic surgery, or assessment of liver fibrosis. All paired biopsies were reviewed by two pathologists without knowledge of clinical data. Among the 13 patients who had F3 fibrosis on their initial liver biopsy, 3 had F0, 6 had F1, and 2 had F2 on their second liver biopsy. Among the 23 patients with cirrhosis on their initial liver biopsy, 1 had F0, 4 had F1, 3 had F2, and 2 had F3 on their second liver biopsy. When defining regression of fibrosis as a decrease of at least 2 METAVIR units, fibrosis regressed in 9 of 13 (69%) F3 and in 8 of 23 (35%) F4. When the ratio of gammaglobulins (g/L) to (platelets [n/mm(3)] x prothrombin activity [%]) was greater than 7.5, fibrosis never regressed. In conclusion, these data extend the concept of regression of fibrosis to patients with treated genetic hemochromatosis and suggest that some simple biochemical tests would be predictive of further regression of fibrosis as a result of venesection therapy. If confirmed on larger series, this could modify the ultrasound screening policy of hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic hemochromatosis.
Atrioventricular Conduction During Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Henning Rud Andersen, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Poul Erik Bloch Thomsen, Leif Thuesen, Thomas Vesterlund, Anders Kirstein Pedersen, Peter Thomas Mortensen
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —It has been claimed that patients with sick sinus syndrome have an increased risk of developing AV block, but this has never been assessed prospectively. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a prospective trial AV conduction during the long-term follow-up of patients with sick sinus syndrome. Methods —Two hundred twenty-five consecutive patients with sick sinus syndrome and intact AV conduction were randomized to undergo single-chamber atrial pacing (110 patients) or single-chamber ventricular pacing (115 patients). Follow-up after 3 months and then yearly included measurement of the PQ interval and, in patients with atrial pacemakers, determination of the atrial stimulus–Q intervals at pacing rates of 100 and 120 bpm. The occurrence of AV block in the atrial group was recorded. During follow-up (mean, 5.5±2.4 years), there was no change in PQ interval in either group and no change in atrial stimulus–Q intervals or Wenckebach block point in the atrial group. Four of 110 patients in the atrial group developed grade 2 to 3 AV block that required upgrading of the pacemaker (0.6% per year). Two of these 4 patients had right bundle-branch block at pacemaker implantation. Conclusions —AV conduction, estimated as PQ interval and atrial stimulus–Q interval at atrial pacing rates of 100 and 120 bpm and the Wenckebach block point, remains stable during long-term follow-up. Thus, treatment with single-chamber atrial pacing is safe and can be recommended to patients with sick sinus syndrome without bundle-branch block.
Abstract 3073: Isothermal whole genome amplification of FFPE samples to detect copy number changes in the progression from colonic adenoma to carcinoma
Authors: Daniela Hirsch, Mark Stapleton, Thomas Ried, Jordi Camps, Timo Gaiser
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Screening tumor genomes for somatic aberrations by aCGH is a commonly used high-resolution tool used both in research and clinical diagnostics. Unfortunately, the full utility of this technique is compromised with formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples due to their inherently high degree of DNA degradation and the presence of DNA adducts acquired during the fixation and storage process. DNA degradation tends to worsen with storage time, making the analysis of archived samples even more challenging. We have developed a highly sensitive and robust whole genome amplification system for FFPE tumor samples that takes advantage of the proprietary Single Primer Isothermal Amplification (SPIA®) technology. The system uses 100 ng of routinely isolated FFPE DNA and produces 3-5 µg of DNA suitable for multiple downstream applications such as aCGH, enrichment strategies, and next generation sequencing (NGS). We evaluated the performance of the amplification system in the context of identifying aberrations by aCGH. Data will be presented that highlights the performance of the SPIA amplified material benchmarked against its unamplified counterpart along with the system's effectiveness on an array of sample qualities ranging from highly degraded FFPE DNA to highly intact FFPE DNA samples. Lastly, we employed the amplification system to examine the progression from adenoma to carcinoma using FFPE samples from human colon carcinomas within high-grade adenomas. Colonic epithelia gains numerous genetic alterations when degraded to dysplastic adenoma and then to cancer. While genetic alterations for each entity are well known, little data are available for combined lesions. Our results indicate that the SPIA amplified DNA performs equivalently to unamplified FFPE DNA in detecting copy number variations by aCGH, the system is suitable for a broad range of FFPE sample qualities, and is a flexible solution that allows for higher resolution analyses with NGS platforms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3073. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3073
Abstract 3590: Use of four biomarkers to evaluate survival disparity between black women and white women 35 to 64 years of age at diagnosis with invasive breast cancer
Authors: Huiyan Ma, Yani Lu, Kathleen E. Malone, Brian L. Strom, Michael S. Simon, Dennis M. Deapen, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Michael F. Press, Leslie Bernstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the extent to which the black-white disparity in mortality following breast cancer diagnosis is explained by the expression status of four biomarkers - estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and p53 protein. Methods: The four biomarkers were assessed in paraffin-embedded breast tumor tissue for 1204 (523 black, 681 white) women, ages 35-64 years at diagnosis, who participated in the Women's CARE Study, a population-based case-control study of newly incident breast cancer, and who accrued a median of 10 years follow-up. The impact of these biomarkers on black-white disparity in breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality was determined by fitting multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The black-white disparity in breast cancer-specific mortality was 54% in an age- and study site-adjusted model (relative risk [RR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 1.97); it declined to a 36% greater risk for black women than white women after additionally controlling the status of the four markers (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.75). Similar results were observed for all cause-mortality. Separate analyses for triple negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) and luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+ plus HER2-) tumors showed that the black-white differences in mortality were predominately observed for older (50-64 years) women with luminal A tumors (breast cancer-specific RR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.70; all-cause RR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.40 to 3.47). For luminal A tumors, the greater mortality risk for older black women was attenuated after adjustment for stage, comorbidities, and education, and was most evident for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Black-white differences in mortality following breast cancer diagnosis vary by tumor biomarker subtypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3590. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3590
Antigen mimicry in autoimmune disease sharing of amino acid residues critical for pathogenic T cell activation.
Authors: A M Luo, K M Garza, D Hunt, K S Tung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A nonamer peptide from murine nicotinic acetylcholine receptor delta chain (ACR delta), which shared four amino acid residues with a nonamer peptide of murine ovarian zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3, induced murine autoimmune oophoritis and IgG autoantibody to the zona pellucida. Crossreaction between the ACR delta and ZP3 peptides was established by the response of a ZP3 peptide-specific, oophoritogenic T cell clone to both peptides in association with IA (alpha k beta b). By substituting the ZP3 peptides with a single alanine, four amino acids within the ZP3 peptide were found to be important for ovarian autoimmune disease, autoantibody response, and stimulation of the ZP3-specific T cell clone. Substitution with conservative amino acids of three residues also ablated activity, whereas the fourth, a phenylalanine, was replaceable by tyrosine without loss of activity. Of the four critical amino acids, three were shared between the ZP3 peptide and the ACR delta peptide. Moreover, polyalanine peptides with the four critical ZP3 amino acids or the four amino acids common to the ZP3 and ACR delta peptides induced immune response to ZP3 and elicited severe ovarian autoimmune disease. Thus, organ-specific autoimmune disease can occur through immune response against unrelated self (or foreign) peptides that share with a self-peptide sufficient common amino acid residues critical for activation of pathogenic, autoreactive T cells.
Nitric oxide does not modulate the increases in blood flow, O2 consumption, or contractility during CaCl2 administration in canine hearts
Authors: G Crystal
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) has been shown to have vascular, metabolic, and contractile effects in the heart. We evaluated these effects during intracoronary (i.c.) administration of CaCl2 in dogs.The left anterior descending coronary artery of nine anesthetized, open-chest dogs was perfused at controlled pressure (80 mm Hg) with arterial blood. Coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured with a Doppler transducer and segmental shortening (SS) with ultrasonic crystals. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and oxygen extraction (EO2) were calculated. Responses were assessed during i.c. infusions of CaCl2 (5, 10, 15 mg min-1) before and after administration of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 300 micrograms min-1 for 15 min, i.c.).Before L-NAME, CaCl2 caused dose-dependent, proportional increases in SS and MVO2. Although CBF also increased, these responses were less than proportional to those in MVO2, and thus EO2 increased. L-NAME did not alter the cardiac effects of CaCl2.(1) CaCl2 had direct inotropic and coronary vasoconstricting effects. (2) The vasoconstricting effect impaired coupling of CBF to the augmented metabolic demands by local vasodilating mechanisms. (3) EDNO did not modulate the increases in CBF, MVO2, or SS during administration of CaCl2.