tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NI-68 * 18F-FDOPA PET IN TREATED LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS WITH NON-ENHANCING T2 CHANGES ON MRI IS PROGNOSTIC OF TUMOR PROGRESSION AND OVERALL SURVIVAL
Authors: J. Schwarzenberg, J. Czernin, T. Cloughesy, A. Lai, M. Phelps, W. Chen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Patients with previously treated low-grade gliomas often present with T2 changes on MRI without contrast enhancement. It is challenging to distinguish between progressive non-enhancing tumors and treatment effect. This study examines the value of [18F]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) to detect progressive tumor in this group of patients. These findings are correlated with progression free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS). METHODS: 93 patients with treated low-grade gliomas who presented with T2 changes on MRI without contrast enhancement underwent 18F-FDOPA PET (40F, 53M). 18F-FDOPA PET scans were analyzed semi-quantitatively (SUVmax, SUVmean, and their ratios to normal brain parenchyma) and visually on a 5 point scale. ROC curve analysis was used to identify the best diagnostic indices. PET data were validated using histopathology (22, 24%) and clinical follow-up (71, 76%). Predictive powers of 18F-FDOPA PET for PFS and OS were analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival statistics. RESULTS: Median time to progression was 14.1 months with 59 patients progressed (63%). Median time to death was 25.5 months with 27 patients deceased (29%). Both semi-quantitative analysis using tumor to normal tissue ratios as well as visual methods are diagnostic of progressive tumor with accuracies ranging 75%-79%. 18F-FDOPA PET provides significant predictions for PFS as well as OS with SUVmean/striatum ≤1.0 providing the best semi-quantitative index (P = 0.01 for PFS, P = 0.005 for OS) and visual scale ≥0 (tumor 3 striatum) the best qualitative index (P = 0.01 for PFS, P = 0.001 for OS; median survival: 25.5 vs. 7.5 mo; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In patients with previously treated low-grade gliomas presenting with only T2 changes on MRI, 18F-FDOPA PET is predictive of PFS as well as OS. Both semi-quantitative analyses using tumor to normal tissue ratio, as well as a visual score provide good predictors.
Allergy risk from Royal Mint's new nickel plated steel coins should be publicly assessed
Authors: D. T. Greenblatt, D. J. Gawkrodger, I. R. White
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Treasury is introducing Royal Mint nickel plated (aRMour) coins to cut costs. However, consideration must be given to the potential costs to health from skin disease related to nickel exposure (allergic contact dermatitis and hand dermatitis); financial implications to the NHS for clinical management of affected people; and other taxpayer costs (inability to work because of hand dermatitis related to nickel allergy). Considerable evidence supports these concerns,1 2 3 4 5 which have …
A New Hemoglobinometer.
Authors: Casey A. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, July 23, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a paper read by me before the Chicago Academy of Medicine last January (and published in<i>Medicine</i>March, 1896) on "Color Measurement and its Application in Medicine and the Arts," I ventured the assertion that the hemometers and hemoglobinometers now in use were decidedly defective, for the reasons then and there set forth. I further expressed my belief that a modification of Lovibond's "tintometer" would be found more accurate and more easy of applition than any of the instruments (Fleischel's, Gower's, etc.) then in use. I was at that time conducting some experiments with the tintometer as a measurer of blood tints and promised to relate my experiences with it when these were completed. I subsequently found that Dr. George Oliver had anticipated me in this matter and had, like myself, visited Mr. Lovibond's Color Laboratories at Salisbury, England, for the purpose
Exacerbation of diazepam-induced phlebitis by oral penicillamine.
Authors: R D Brandstetter, V P Gotz, D D Mar, D Sachs
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Exacerbation of diazepam-induced phlebitis by oral penicillamine Penicillamine, a heavy metal antagonist, is used in the treatment of Wilson's disease, cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis, and various other conditions.Adverse reactions to the drug are many and frequent and range in severity from gastrointestinal distress, stomatitis, unpleasant skin odours, and rashes to proteinuria, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia.1 Up to one-third of patients given the drug for rheuma- toid arthritis have to discontinue treatment because of toxicity.'Intravenous diazepam is widely used as a sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant.Local complications with this drug, including pain at injection site, phlebitis, and thrombophlebitis, have likewise been reported frequently.2We describe a patient who developed phlebitis from intravenous diazepam.The phlebitis resolved with local heat but recurred on two separate occasions after oral penicillamine.
Management of Endocrine Manifestations and the Use of Mitotane As a Chemotherapeutic Agent for Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Irina Veytsman, Lynnette Nieman, Tito Fojo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy in which patients have poor overall 5-year survival. Patients with ACC can present with symptoms of hormone excess, including Cushing's syndrome, virilization, feminization, or--less frequently--hypertension with hypokalemia. In many patients with ACC, advanced disease at presentation precludes surgery or is followed by local relapse or distant metastatic disease that cannot be managed surgically. In these instances, chemotherapy is often tried, but its limited efficacy all too often leaves the problem of persistent hormonal excess. Physicians who treat patients with ACC and severe hypercortisolism should recognize that uncontrolled hormone production is a malignant disease, which has severe consequences that require aggressive management. Because chemotherapy benefits only a small percentage of patients, steroidogenesis inhibitors, including mitotane, ketoconazole, metyrapone, and etomidate, should be used singly or in combination even as chemotherapy is administered. Diligent management with frequent adjustments is required, especially in patients with chemotherapy-refractory tumors that continue to grow. In the absence of randomized, controlled trials, adjuvant use of mitotane remains controversial, although the authors of a recent case-control study argue for its use. Despite difficulty administering effective doses, most clinicians agree that mitotane should be used if the tumor cannot be removed surgically or should be used as adjuvant therapy if there is a high likelihood of recurrence. The option of long-term monotherapy is restricted to patients who tolerate mitotane and either experience a clinical response or are at high risk for recurrence. Recommendations are provided to help manage patients with this difficult disease and to improve the quality of their lives.
Coffee and Cancer of the Pancreas
Authors: A. B. Lowenfels
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Feinstein et al (1981;246:957) question the recently reported association between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer. 1 In particular, they suggest that the controls included persons with gastrointestinal disease for which coffee drinking may have been previously reduced or eliminated, thus leading to a false-positive association between pancreatic cancer and coffee drinking.  There is another source of data about coffee-drinking habits in our country. 2 For the past 30 years the International Coffee Association has conducted an annual survey of some 7,500 persons older than 10 years to ascertain their coffee-drinking habits. For 1977, the midpoint of study by MacMahon et al, the age-adjusted estimate of the percentage of coffeedrinkers in our population between the ages of 45 and 79 years (the most prevalent age groups for pancreatic cancer) was 82%. This is actually lower than the percentage of coffee drinkers in the control subjects reported
Radioisotope Scanning of the Thyroid
Authors: James L. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 1951 Cassen reported the successful imaging of the thyroid gland by means of compounds containing radioactive iodine and a mechanical moving detector. The many technical advances in radioisotope detectors which has occurred since then, as well as our greater knowledge of thyroid pathophysiology, have improved the thyroid scan so that today it is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid disease. The thyroid scan can be used for in vivo determination of thyroid size, location, function, and position. <h3>Instrumentation</h3><h3>Rectilinear Scanners.—</h3> The most common type of radiation detector for thyroid imaging is the rectilinear scanner with a focusing collimator. The patient is given a tracer dose of a compound containing thyroid-seeking radioisotope. The detector moves stepwise over the neck of the patient and records, point by point, the distribution of radioactivity. The data is displayed as dots or dashes on paper or as varying degrees of density
The Treatment of Intra-Uterine Disease
Authors: J. W. Byers
Journal: BMJ (1884)

ten grains -of this substance, will be found useful, after more active treatment, in, some instances of granular follicular disease or con- gestive hypertrophy of the uterus.The actual cautery, whether by the old-fashioned uterine firing-iron, or by Paquelin's thermo-cautery, or Dr. Beverley Cole's gas-cautery, is generally in any of these forms equially unmanageable and hazardous in intra-uterine treatment.Car- bolic acid, and as iodised phenol, are amongst the most useful of a,ll intra-uterine applications; and the same may be said of the various preparations of iodine, especially Churchill's compound tincture, or a solution of metallic iodine in glycerine, of the same strength as the tincture, which is specially suitable when brushed over the surface of intra-uterine tumours, in cases in which an operation for their re- moval will not be submitted to or cannot be performed.Of the in- jection of tincture of iodine or carbolised iodine, as now again recom- mended for the same purpose, I cannot yet speak from my own ex- 'perience.
A Predictive Study of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Ray H. Rosenman, Meyer Friedman, Reuben Straus, Moses Wurm, Robert Kositchek, Wilfrid Hahn, Nicholas T. Werthessen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This study was designed to (1) compare "predictive" abilities of different parameters and their interrelationships in the future incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and (2) define the profile of coronary-prone males through retrospective analysis of prospectively obtained data. Comprehensive studies of overt behavior pattern, blood lipids and coagulation, body measurements, socioeconomic factors, individual habits, and cardiovascular status were obtained annually since 1960 in 3,524 men, aged 39 to 59 years. Manifest CHD was found in 113 of 3,411 "well" men, but this was unknown to the investigators at the time of the study. The men with CHD exhibited higher serum beta/alpha lipoprotein ratios and 80 of them had been adjudged in "blind" assessments to exhibit an overt behavior pattern (type A) previously found associated with occurrence of CHD in middle-aged men.
On Operations for Caries of Bone
Authors: F. Le Gros Clark
Journal: BMJ (1868)

MANY years since, I discarded the use of the gouge in treating canons bone, and I am glad to find my convictions on this subject confirmed by Mr Holmes Coote.The progressive dsintegration of cancellous tissue is essentially identical, in all its leadi features, with ulceration of soft parts.In some instances, this destruction, or death, is rapid, as in agedena; or slow, as in scrofulous subjects.The increased vascularity, when present, is really due to the reparative effort, and generally a measure of its activity; and is not a necessary accompaniment of the destructive sbtge.How do we treat abscess or ulcer, wich are, in fact, but modifications, in their mechanical features and relations, of the same condi- tion?We open the abscess, and take care that its contents shall have
Another Pound of Cure-Reply
Authors: Sen Tom Harkin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —The May 15, 1991, issue of JAMA, upon which my comments were based, was devoted to the subject of access to health care. Neither that issue nor my article sought to address all elements of health care reform. I sought to point out that access alone is an insufficient goal of reform efforts. It is my contention that the prevention of disease and disability and the promotion of good health must be at the cornerstone of an effective American health care system.That I did not mention malpractice insurance reform in my article does not, contrary to Dr Romano's letter, indicate a lack of interest in or unfamiliarity with this issue. The costs of malpractice insurance and the less readily documented costs of defensive medicine practiced by worried physicians certainly contribute to our health care costs. My views on this and other issues facing our health care system
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Postprocedural Aortic Regurgitation in Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Procedures: Analysis of Predictors and Impact on Long-Term Mortality: Insights From the FRANCE2 Registry”
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Françis Juthier, Sophie Susen, André Vincentelli, Jean Dallongeville, Bernard Iung, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Marc Laskar, Pascal Leprince, Michel Lievre, Carlo Banfi, Jean-Luc Auffray, Cedric Delhaye, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Karine Chevreul, Jean Fajadet, Alain Leguerrier, Alain Prat, Martine Gilard, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Angiographic complications of primary angioplasty
Authors: Nawwar Mercho, Adel M. Eldin, Babar Shareef, James J. Glazier, Syed A. Abbas, Hans H. Bauer, Jeffrey A. Hirst, Francis J. Kieman, Daniel B. Fram, Joseph F. Mitchel, Raymond G. McKay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Legislation for smoking control in Western Australia.
Authors: A W Musk, R Shean, S Woodward
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This historical analysis of public issues relating to smoking control in Western Australia examines relevant Western Australian state and Australian federal laws, their introduction, and their consequences. Public and political support and opinion led by the health professions resulted in two attempts to legislate against all forms of cigarette advertising in 1982 and 1983. Both attempts failed, and public support for such measures has been seen to be affected by the campaigns mounted in opposition by the tobacco and advertising industries. Other smoking control measures which have been successfully introduced in 1983 and 1984 are higher tobacco taxes and a comprehensive coordinated public education and information programme. The activities associated with the legislative initiatives resulted in a greatly increased level of community awareness of the dangers of smoking and acceptance of the need for some action on this major health problem.
Oculogyric Crisis After a Small Dose Of Perphenazine
Authors: Philip J. Kozinn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Increasing evidence has appeared in recent months that the use of tranquilizing drugs of the phenothiazine class can be complicated by a host of unusual central nervous system effects, ranging in severity from a mild extrapyramidal seizure to a clinical picture which is temporarily indistinguishable from tetanus. 1 Children appear to be particularly susceptible to these side-effects. An infection of the central nervous system usually is diagnosed first. The physician who is aware of this problem can make the correct diagnosis on the basis of the history of ingestion of the drug, the absence of clinical or laboratory evidence of disease of the central nervous system, and the prompt recovery made only on symptomatic treatment.  Side-Effects  When extremely large doses of the phenothiazine drugs are administered, as in psychiatric patients, 2 the extrapyramidal side-effects tend to be more frequent. These side-effects usually have been reported only in patients who have
Abstract 3160: Clinical utility of circulating tumor cell monitoring for therapeutic response in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Yuuri Hashimoto, Futoshi Uno, Yukio Tsujino, Yasuo Urata, Shunsuke Kagawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood are considered as a useful biomarker for disease outcome and treatment response because the presence of CTCs is associated with short survival. We previously established the biological imaging system to detect viable CTCs among millions of peripheral blood leukocytes using telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Kojima et al, J Clin Invest, 2010). In present study, we demonstrate the clinical potential of our method for monitoring the efficacy of treatment in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: We used a GFP-expressing adenovirus variant, in which the telomerase promoter regulates viral replication (OBP-401), to selectively label human tumor cell with fluorescence. Whole blood cells collected from 7.5ml of peripheral blood were infected OBP-401 after elimination of anti-adenovirus antibodies and incubated at 37 oC. Viruses were inactivated 24 hours after virus-infection and then red blood cells were lysed. The GFP-expressing cells were detected using fluorescence microscopy. Results: A total of 72 blood samples from 39 patients with histologically-confirmed gastric cancer (stage IA to IV) were analyzed. CTCs were detected in 32 of 39 patients (82%, range 1 to 40&amp;lt;) before treatment, however, there was no apparent relationship between the number of CTCs and clinical status. We further assessed the CTC dynamics in 24 patients who were undergoing surgery, chemotherapy or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In patients with early gastric cancer, 7 patients had decrease in CTC numbers after surgery or ESD, and 6 patients had decreased CTC numbers following temporary increase after treatment. As for advanced cancer, the number of CTCs dropped in 3 patients after complete resection and increased in 2 patients with poor prognosis despite chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with early gastric cancer also have CTCs in peripheral blood and the dynamic change of CTCs correlate with treatment response. Although numerous samples and long-term outcome should be analyzed, the enumeration of CTC using this GFP-expressing virus-based method might be useful for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3160. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3160
Tumour matrilysin expression predicts metastatic potential of stage I (pT1) colon and rectal cancers
Authors: S Kurokawa
Journal: Gut (2005)

Nodal metastases are indisputable determinants of prognosis for colon and rectal cancer. Using classical histological criteria, many attempts to predict nodal metastasis have failed, preventing the adequate management of stage I (pT1) cancer. We investigated the role of tumour matrilysin in predicting metastatic potential, and discuss its potential use in individualising treatment of pT1 colon and rectal cancer.The gene signature associated with nodal metastasis was investigated by cDNA array in 24 colon and rectal cancers. We studied 494 colon and rectal cancer patients to identify risk factors for nodal metastasis and evaluated the potential to predict nodal metastasis by either the logistic regression model or the Bayesian neural network model with built-in matrilysin. We then inferred possible causality of nodal metastasis from structural equation modelling.cDNA array revealed that matrilysin was maximally upregulated in the metastasis signature identified. Tumour matrilysin expression emerged as a stage independent risk factor for nodal metastasis, resulting in a similar predictive performance in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the two models. A Bayesian approach called automatic relevance determination identified matrilysin as one of the most relevant predictors examined. Structural equation modelling suggested possible direct causality between matrilysin and nodal metastasis.We have provided evidence that tumour matrilysin expression is a promising biomarker predicting nodal metastasis of colon and rectal cancer. Analysis of tumour matrilysin expression would help clinicians achieve the goal of individualised cancer treatment based on the metastatic potential of pT1 colon and rectal cancer.
DOES SPIRONOLACTONE HAVE A SURVIVAL BENEFIT IN PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE SECONDARY TO SEVERE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION?
Authors: Parham Eshtehardi, M. Khalid Mojadidi, Khashayar Khosraviani, Mohan Pamerla, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Milk Sickness
Authors: Relda E. Niederhofer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Milk sickness was one of the most obscure diseases to confront the pioneers of the 1800s. Since the disease was unknown in Europe and the New England states, the physicians along the East Coast tended to deny its existence. Yet as more and more pioneers crossed the mountains into the Midwest, the mortality rate increased. In Madison County, southwest of Columbus, nearly one fourth of the early settlers died of this mysterious illness. During the epidemic of 1818 the little community of Pigeon Creek, Ind, was almost exterminated by the pestilence. One casualty was Abraham Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks. Few medical journals were available to the pioneer physicians before the middle of the 19th century and there were few means of sharing information, so that facts about milk sickness accumulated very slowly. The illness remained mysterious until the early part of the 20th century.<sup>1,2</sup> Milk sickness is now known