tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDG PET/CT Imaging of NUT Midline Carcinoma
Authors: Ryan D. Niederkohr, Michael J. Cameron, Christopher A. French
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

NUT midline carcinoma is a very rare, poorly differentiated, highly aggressive cancer originating from midline body locations, most often in adolescents or young adults. Advanced local disease and distant hematogenous metastases are typical. NMC is genetically defined by chromosomal rearrangements of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14 forming a BRD4-NUT fusion oncogene which blocks epithelial differentiation, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth. Use of FDG PET/CT for imaging of NMC has not been previously reported. This case demonstrates that FDG PET can assess NMC disease extent and may be useful in assessing response to chemotherapy.
Flying doctor service faces reforms
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Australia's Royal Flying Doctor Service in New South Wales has launched a recruitment drive and a series of reforms after months of controversy between doctors and management. Since 1985 at least 39 doctors have joined and then left the service.

The service has in addition lost two of its four doctors in the past six months, and the resignation of a third doctor will be effective from December. Criticisms of the service have included a lack of continuity for patients. Now …
The Medical School and the Teaching Hospital
Authors: Robert J. Glaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE Boston City Hospital came into being about a hundred years after the first medical school was established in Colonial America. As Dr. George Packer Berry1 pointed out in his remarks at the Convocation marking the opening of the Hospital's Centennial Celebration, its founding occurred three centuries after the death of Andreas Vesalius, the man who introduced critical observation as an important tool in biologic research. During those three hundred years the advance of science occurred at an episodic and painfully slow rate, and understanding in medicine, at least in terms of present-day standards, remained pitifully scanty. Knowledge was essentially . . .
NI-50 * SEGMENTATION OF METASTATIC LESIONS IN LARGE-SCALE REGISTRIES: COMPARISON OF EXPERT MANUAL SEGMENTATION VS. SEMI-AUTOMATED METHODS
Authors: P. LaMontagne, M. Milchencko, M. Velez, C. Abraham, D. Marcus, C. Robinson, S. Fouke
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

To better understand the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases, we have created a registry that archives MRI studies alongside clinical data in this population. To consider outcomes quantitatively, each metastatic lesion must be segmented to define a 3D volume. In large populations, lesion segmentation is time consuming (and expensive when this requires an experienced Radiation Oncologist or Neurosurgeon) to manually segment each lesion slice by slice. We sought to determine whether semi-automated segmentation using the Growth-Cut toolbox in 3DSlicer (Egger et al. 2013) provides contours equivalent to those created by physicians using manual segmentation methods. A subset of 40 lesions that had undergone manual segmentation for SRS planning were selected to compare with semi-automated segmentation methods. Using the 3DSlicer Growth -Cut toolbox, a novice member of the team partially outlined the lesion tumor and non-tumor tissues. The toolbox then propagated lesion boundaries and created a complete 3D volume. Dice Coefficient (DC), Hausdorff Distance (HD), and Modified Hausdorf Distance (MHD), were used to establish volume similarity between Growth Cut toolbox output and manual segmentation on metastatic lesions. Additionally, lesion volume, diffusion (ADC), and perfusion (rCBV) were analyzed to determine if segmentation discrepancies resulted in differences in imaging parameter estimates. There was strong similarity of the 3D volumes according to the DC (µ = 0.77), HD (µ = 3.89), and MHD (µ = 0.85). Imaging parameters between segmentation methods, agreed well for both diffusion (ADC R2 = 0.94), and perfusion (rCBV R2 = 0.986). Using 3DSlicer did not substantially decrease tracing time; however, it produced similar results by a novice to those of experts. This study supports the use of the Growth Cut toolbox when expert manual segmentation does not exist. This finding is particularly useful for large scale studies that would otherwise require significant clinician involvement for ROI generation.
The characterization of gene mutations for human glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency associated with chronic hemolytic anemia.
Authors: W Xu, E Beutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

DNA was isolated from four unrelated glucose phosphate isomerase-deficient patients. Seven new mutations in the coding region were found: 247 C-->T, 671 C-->T, 818 G-->A, 833 C-->T, 1039 C-->T, 1459 C-->T, and 1483 G-->A. Three patients were compound heterozygotes, and one patient was a homozygote of 247 C-->T/247 C-->T. Six mutations were found to involve highly conserved amino acids of glucose phosphate isomerase, suggesting that these residues are crucial for the maintenance of biological activity. Two polymorphic sites were also identified, 489 A-->G and 1356 G-->C, which do not produce a change in the amino acid sequence.
Penalties of shifting weight
Authors: J S Garrow
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The general view seems to be that most adults maintain a more or less steady weight. This belief is based on epidemiological data from large population groups. In reality people fluctuate in their weight, but the average of the group is constant because the gainers and losers tend to cancel out. For example, in a study in Finland the average weight gain over five years among 6504 men was 600 g, and among 6165 women (excluding those who were pregnant during the study) it was even less—only 60 g.1 However, a sixth of the men and slightly fewer of the women had gained more than 5 kg between examinations, while a tenth of the men and an eighth of the women had had similar losses of weight. Rapid gains and losses were not confined to the obese; they occurred in thin people, too.

Many studies in Britain2 and the United States3 have shown that, compared with those of stable weight, people with a very variable weight have a …
Molecular epidemiology of the novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Y Guan, JSM Peiris, B Zheng, LLM Poon, KH Chan, FY Zeng, CWM Chan, MN Chan, JD Chen, KYC Chow, CC Hon, KH Hui, J Li, VYY Li, Y Wang, SW Leung, KY Yuen, FC Leung
Journal: The Lancet (2004)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which spread globally in early 2003, affecting over 30 countries. We have used molecular epidemiology to define the patterns of spread of the virus in Hong Kong and beyond.The case definition of SARS was based on that recommended by WHO. We genetically sequenced the gene for the S1 unit of the viral spike protein of viruses from patients with SARS in Hong Kong (138) and Guangdong (three) in February to April, 2003. We undertook phylogenetic comparisons with 27 other sequences available from public databases (Genbank).Most of the Hong Kong viruses (139/142), including those from a large outbreak in an apartment block, clustered closely together with the isolate from a single index case (HKU-33) who came from Guangdong to Hong Kong in late February. Three other isolates were genetically distinct from HKU-33 in Hong Kong during February, but none of these contributed substantially to the subsequent local outbreak. Viruses identified in Guangdong and Beijing were genetically more diverse.The molecular epidemiological evidence suggests that most SARS-CoV from the outbreak in Hong Kong, as well as the viruses from Canada, Vietnam, and Singapore, are genetically closely linked. Three viruses found in Hong Kong in February were phylogenetically distinct from the major cluster, which suggests that several introductions of the virus had occurred, but that only one was associated with the subsequent outbreak in Hong Kong, which in turn spread globally.
The bends, anaesthesia, and smart cards
Authors: M. L Heath
Journal: BMJ (1988)

settled into relationships in which childbearing is planned orwelcomed.It therefore seems reasonable to focus on these two groups and the data that reflect their current experience rather than calculating hypothetical total period rates because these groups as the weak links in the chain are a tracer of the quality of services provided for all women.This approach, which leads to the choice of conception rates and abortion ratios for 15-19 year olds as performance indicators, is recommended in a discussion document on in- dicators and targets for Health for All produced for the Mersey region.4
The Growing Flood of Technetium-99m Myocardial Perfusion Agents
Authors: D. Douglas Miller
Journal: Circulation (1995)

“Ol’ man river, dat ol’ man river, He must know sumpin’, but don’t say nothin’, He just keeps rollin’, he keeps on rollin’ along.” Ol’ Man River —Oscar Hammerstein II © 1927 T.B. Harms Co. Copyright renewed.
Childhood bullous pemphigoid – report of a case with dermal fluorescence on salt-split skin
Authors: S.H. WAKELIN, J. ALLEN, F. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Childhood bullous pemphigoid – report of a case with dermal fluorescence on salt‐split skin Get access S.H. WAKELIN, S.H. WAKELIN Department of Dermatology. The Chuchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ. U.K. Dr S.Wakelin, Royal Berkshire Hospital, London Road, Reading RG1 5AN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. ALLEN, J. ALLEN Department of Dermatology. The Chuchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. WOJNAROWSKA F. WOJNAROWSKA Department of Dermatology. The Chuchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 615–618, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02715.x Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Accepted: 22 September 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Effects of Low-Dose Recombinant Interleukin 2 to Promote T-Regulatory Cells in Alopecia Areata
Authors: Emeline Castela, Florence Le Duff, Catherine Butori, Michel Ticchioni, Paul Hofman, Philippe Bahadoran, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Thierry Passeron
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

An impaired inhibitory function of circulating CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells was reported to play a key role in alopecia areata (AA). We report the first use to our knowledge of low-dose interleukin 2 for treating severe AA by promoting the recruitment of Treg cells.We conducted a prospective open pilot study in 5 patients with severe AA resistant to previous systemic treatments. Subcutaneous interleukin 2 (1.5 million IU/d) was administered during 5 days, followed by three 5-day courses of 3 million IU/d at weeks 3, 6, and 9. The primary outcome was the evolution of the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, evaluated by 2 independent investigators on standardized photographs. Lesional skin biopsy specimens and peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype were analyzed. The median SALT score went from 82 (range, 63-100) at baseline to 69 (range, 28-100) at 6 months. Immunochemical analysis revealed the appearance or a notable increase in Treg cell count in 4 of 5 patients at the end of the treatment compared with baseline. No serious adverse event was reported.The partial regrowth achieved in 4 of 5 patients and the recruitment of Treg cells in lesional skin support the interest of promoting Treg cells for treating AA. Further investigations are now required to confirm and to optimize the design in order to enhance the Treg cell response.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01840046.
Relative binding affinity-serum modified access (RBA-SMA) assay predicts the relative in vivo bioactivity of the xenoestrogens bisphenol A and octylphenol.
Authors: S C Nagel, F S vom Saal, K A Thayer, M G Dhar, M Boechler, W V Welshons
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

We have developed a relative binding affinity-serum modified access (RBA-SMA) assay to determine the effect of serum on the access of xenoestrogens to estrogen receptors within intact cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We used this assay to predict low dose activity of two xenoestrogens in mice. In serum-free medium, bisphenol A, a component of polycarbonates and of resins used to line metal food cans, showed a lower relative binding affinity (RBA; 0.006%) than octylphenol (0.072%) and nonylphenol (0.026%), which are used as surfactants in many commercial products (all RBAs are relative to estradiol, which is equal to 100%). In 100% serum from adult men, bisphenol A showed a higher RBA (0.01%) than in serum-free medium and thus enhanced access to estrogen receptors relative to estradiol. In contrast, octylphenol showed a 22-fold decrease in RBA (0.0029%) and nonylphenol showed a 5-fold decrease in RBA (0.0039%) when measured in adult serum. This indicates that, relative to estradiol, serum had less of an inhibitory effect on the cell uptake and binding in MCF-7 cells of bisphenol A, while serum had a greater inhibitory effect on octylphenol and nonylphenol relative to estradiol. Extrapolation of these relative activities in adult serum predicted that the estrogenic bioactivity of bisphenol A would be over 500-fold greater than that of octylphenol in fetal mouse serum. Bisphenol A and octylphenol were fed to pregnant mice at 2 and 20 micrograms/kg/day. Exposure of male mouse fetuses to either dose of bisphenol A, but to neither dose of octylphenol, significantly increased their adult prostate weight relative to control males, which is consistent with the higher predicted bioactivity of bisphenol A than octylphenol in the RBA-SMA assay. In addition, our findings show for the first time that fetal exposure to environmentally relevant parts-per-billion (ppb) doses of bisphenol A, in the range currently being consumed by people, can alter the adult reproductive system in mice.
Fulminant Autoantibody-Negative and Type 1A Diabetes Phenotypes in a Korean HLA Identical Dizygotic Twin
Authors: Jung H. Jung, Jong R. Hahm, Me A. Kim, Myoung H. Park, Deok R. Kim, Tae S. Jung, Soon I. Chung
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Type 1 diabetes is a complex, heterogenous autoimmune disease. Many genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis as shown in other autoimmune disorders. Although some immune-related genes such as HLA, AIRE, and CTLA-4 have been elucidated about their association in pathogenesis, the detailed genetic factors causing type 1 diabetes are unclear. In a study of twins with type 1 diabetes, significant subsets of monozygotic and dizygotic twins did not progress to clinical diabetes (1), suggesting that genetic heterogeneity and other random factors are crucial for type 1 diabetic pathogenesis, even in twins. Typically, type 1 diabetes is initiated by an autoimmune response against β-cells and followed by progressive defect of insulin secretion from β-cells. These results cause hyperglycemia and transient, usually partial remission, and finally lead to complete insulinopenia. Since Imagawa et al. …
The Ionization Behavior of Fatty Acids and Bile Acids in Micelles and Membranes
Authors: Donald M. Small, Donna J. Cabral, David P. Cistola, John S. Parks, James A. Hamilton
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The ionization behavior of carboxylic acids including aliphatic chain fatty acids and bile acids in solutions, micelles, membranes and proteins is of considerable biological interest. The 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of carboxyl carbon of a variety of acids has been shown to be a linear function of the state of ionization of the carboxyl group. Thus, by measuring the chemical shift as a function of the amount of acid or base added to a solution, the state of ionization and the apparent pKa of the carboxyl group may be determined. The method is illustrated in this paper using butyric acid, and results (given as apparent pKa values) are tabulated for a variety of fatty acids and cholic acid in different environments such as monomeric solutions, micelles, membranes and bound to albumin. The apparent pKa varies greatly depending upon the environment. For instance, the apparent pKa of oleic acid is about 4.2 when bound to albumin whereas it is about 7.5 when incorporated in the bilayer of a phospholipid vesicle. Cholic acid shows similar changes in the apparent pKa, being approximately 5.2 in sodium taurocholate micelles and at least 6.8 in phospholipid vesicles. The use of 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and, in particular, I3 C NMR of 13 C-enriched carboxyl groups provides a method for direct observation of the state of ionization of the carboxyl group in biologically interesting acids. Such techniques may be adapted for use in biological systems, such as cells or tissues.
Dysarthria with tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: J. N M McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1977)

This is often improved if the patient can be persuaded to exercise the sphincters and pelvic muscles persistently and repeatedly.I have no claim to specialised knowledge in this field.But I have been consulted informally by embarrassed women and in many countries-and often with apparently good results-so that I feel the reference to the possibility of exercise should not be neglected.
Treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Pregnancy
Authors: Belinda Ramirez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in PregnancyBelinda Ramirez, MD and Joel Richter, MDBelinda Ramirez, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Joel Richter, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the comments of Dr. Nichols and stand corrected in our statement that none of the drug is absorbed. In one study [1], the amount of aluminum recovered in the urine after administration of four 1-g doses of sucralfate was less than 0.02%, similar to the amount found after ingestion of an aluminum-containing antacid. Although systemic absorption is minimal, we agree that prolonged use could result in higher systemic levels and should be considered if sucralfate is to be used during the first trimester of pregnancy.Drs. Picca and Fiordalisi accurately point out that not all antacids ...References1. Haram EM, Weberg T, Berstad A. Urinary excretion of aluminum after ingestion of sucralfate and an aluminum-containing antacid in man. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1987; 22:615-8. Google Scholar2. Cheek TG, Gutsche BB. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. In: Shnider SM, Levinson G, eds. Anesthesia for Obstetrics. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1993:407-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Belinda Ramirez, MD; Joel Richter, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 635KeywordsIngestionLesionsMagnesiumParticulatesPneumonitisPregnancyProphylaxisSodiumSurgeryUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Single-Channel Properties Support a Potential Contribution of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels and <i>I</i> <sub>f</sub> to Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Guido Michels, Fikret Er, Ismail Khan, Michael Südkamp, Stefan Herzig, Uta C. Hoppe
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The pacemaker current I(f) is present in atrial and ventricular myocytes. However, it remains controversial whether I(f) overexpression in diseased states might play a role for arrhythmogenesis, because first I(f) activation in whole-cell recordings hardly overlapped the diastolic voltage of working myocardium.To obtain further insight into I(HCN) and I(f) properties, we provide for the first time detailed single-channel analysis of heterologously expressed hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) isoforms and native human I(f). HCN subtypes differed significantly in single-channel amplitude, conductance, and activation kinetics. Interestingly, threshold potentials of HCN isoforms were more positive than would have been expected from whole-cell measurements. Single-channel properties of cells cotransfected with HCN2 and HCN4 were distinct from cells expressing HCN2 or HCN4 alone, demonstrating that different HCN isoforms can influence current properties of a single HCN channel complex, thus providing direct functional evidence for HCN heteromerization. Pooled data of homomeric and heteromeric HCN channels and of native I(f) extrapolated from maximum likelihood fits indicated a multistate gating scheme comprising 5 closed- and 4 open-channel states. Single-channel characteristics of I(f) in human atrial myocytes closely resembled those of HCN4 or HCN2+HCN4, supporting the hypothesis that native I(f) channels in atrial myocardium are heteromeric complexes composed of HCN4 and/or HCN2. Most interestingly, half-maximal activation of single-channel atrial I(f) (-68.3+/-4.9 mV; k=-9.9+/-1.5; n=8) was well within the diastolic voltage range of human atrial myocardium.These observations support a potential contribution of HCN/I(f) to the arrhythmogenesis of working myocardium under pathological conditions.
Settling the Medicolegal Issues Concerning Brain-Death Statutes: Matters of Legal Ethics and Judicial Precedent
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

WHENEVER the brain-death concept as a compulsory or alternative method of determining human death has come before the courts in the United States, the United Kingdom or Canada, it has inevitably been all or part of the defendant's appeal of a homicide conviction in which the attempt has been to throw the responsibility for causing the death on the physicians who have declared the person, the alleged homicide victim, to be dead owing to brain death and have then removed support systems. Most cases, but not all, have also involved removal of some organs for transplantation purposes.In every case . . .
New Programs Take Aim at Neglected Tropical Diseases in the United States
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

On the outskirts of Houston, Laila Woc-Colburn, MD, DTM&amp;H, director of the clinic at the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine, routinely sees patients with infections most physicians would associate with the developing world.
Protective effect of methylprednisolone on ischaemic myocardium assessed by ventricular function.
Authors: B L Krause, M A Hassan, A B McMilan, A H Brown
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Intracardiac surgical procedures are best carried out when the heart is still and bloodless. This condition, however, produces myocardial cellular damage with loss of contractility and compliance unless some protection can be provided. Myocardial contractility and compliance is best studied by isovolumic ventricular function tests, which were used to evaluate the protective effect of methylprednisolone on the isolated cross-perfused canine heart made ischaemic for 2 hours. Control experiments included 2 hours of ischaemia without methylprednisolone, and 2 hours of continuous normothermic cross-perfusion. The methylprednisolone-treated hearts had probably significantly better ventricular function after 2 hours of ischaemia than did hearts without the methylprednisolone, while the cross-perfused hearts were best overall. This work suggests that methylprednisolone may have a protective effect on the ischaemic myocardium of the intact canine heart.