tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolactin in hypertensive pregnancy.
Authors: C W Redman, J Bonnar, L J Beilin, A S McNeilly
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Plasma prolactin levels were measured in 68 pregnant women with hypertension at 32 weeks gestation. They were raised in pregnancies with pre-eclamptic features, most significantly in women with a rising plasma urate level. No correlation was found between the level of the untreated blood pressure and prolactin. Proteinuria did not influence prolactin levels independently of changes in the plasma urate. The differences in prolactin levels could not be ascribed to the drugs administered.
The role of novel agents on the reversibility of renal impairment in newly diagnosed symptomatic patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: M A Dimopoulos, M Roussou, M Gkotzamanidou, N Nikitas, E Psimenou, D Mparmparoussi, C Matsouka, M Spyropoulou-Vlachou, E Terpos, E Kastritis
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Role of tissue exposure and DNA lesions for organ-specific effects of carcinogenic trans-4-acetylaminostilbene in rats.
Authors: H G Neumann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

trans-4-Acetylaminostilbene is acutely toxic to the glandular stomach and produces sebaceous gland tumors in rats quite specifically. Metabolism, tissue exposure to reactive metabolites, DNA binding and persistence of DNA lesions are implicated in tissue susceptibility, but nothing indicates that one of these parameters determines the biological effect. All tissues are exposed to reactive metabolites, liver as a nontarget tissue ranking highest. DNA binding in this tissue, however, is not irrelevant to tumor formation, but rather indicates the presence of initiating lesions. They can be amplified by partial hepatectomy and/or promoters, such as phenobarbital, DDT and diethylstilbestrol. Liver tumors are formed in high yields with these treatments, and mammary tumors also occur. trans-4-Acetylaminostilbene is therefore considered to be an incomplete carcinogen in these tissues and may initiate cells in other tissues as well. Apparently it lacks promoting properties which are supposed to be unrelated to reactive metabolites. It is concluded that DNA lesions do not reflect tissue risk, but rather secondary effects ultimately determine where the process of tumor formation starts and how fast it develops.
Respiratory protection guidelines. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, March 1996.
Authors: P Harber, S Barnhart, B A Boehlecke, W S Beckett, T Gerrity, M A McDiarmid, E Nardbell, L Repsher, L Brousseau, T K Hodous, M J Utell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

"Respiratory protection guidelines. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, March 1996.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 154(4), pp. 1153–1165
International Memorials to Lord Lister
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —I have received word from Mr. A. Ernest Maylard of Glasgow that the managers of the Royal Infirmary have been induced to retain one of the wards in which Lister worked. It will be converted into a museum for everything associated with Lister and his great work. Surely no American surgeon can contemplate such a memorial and the other memorials planned without wishing to take part in at least one of them. The profession owes the profoundest debt to Lord Lister. We all have recognized this in words. Now the opportunity has come to recognize it in deeds. I beg leave through The Journal to appeal to members of the profession throughout the country to contribute such sums as they feel they can afford, sending the amount to those having charge of any of the proposed memorials. May I also ask throughThe Journalthat the
THE PSYCHOPATHIC SEQUENCES OF HEREDITARY ALCOHOLIC ENTAILMENT.Read before the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, at Louisville, Ky., October 9th, 1890.
Authors: C. H. HUGHES
Journal: JAMA (1891)

incompatible with a healthy influence.No child can be healthily developed without gladness.Examinations have been severely criticised by many school hygienists.Prof. Hallowell thinks that the wear and tear of examinations is very injurious, especially to girls.Chancellor says that in the last quarter of the year the pressure begins ; and as a result, we have nervous prostra¬ tion, fainting spells, nasal haemorrhages, St.Vitus' dance, etc.Dr. Crichton-Brown says that examinations, instead of being tests of school work, have been to a great extent the aim and guiding principle ;and whatever educational fruits they may have yielded, they produce a large crop of nervousness.Prof. Huxley calls examinations the educational abomination of the present day, in that the young people are stimulated to work at high pressure by the incessant competition.Examinations have an educational value, when well conducted ; they detect weak points ; they sbow how future efforts may be made more suc¬ cessful.They are, however, only means to an end, and a temptation to over-pressure.They do not show the best result of a teacher's work ; his personal influence in the training of the mental and moral faculties ; and the influence of an up¬ right and consistent example.And they should be limited to the work actually done by the scholar.The following description by Charles Dickens, of Dr. Blimber's school, will bear repetition :It " was a great hot-house in which there was a forcing apparatus constantly at work.Mental green peas were produced at Christmas and in¬ tellectual asparagus all the year round.Nature was of no consequence at all ; no matter what a young gentleman was intended to bear, Dr. Blim- ber made him bear to order, somehow or other.This was very pleasant and ingenious, but the system of forcing was attended with the usual disadvantages ; there was not the right taste to the premature productions, and they did not keep well.And people did say that the doctor had rather overdone it with young Toots, who when he had whiskers, left off having brains,"
Real-time Evaluation of p53 Oscillatory Behavior <i>In vivo</i> Using Bioluminescent Imaging
Authors: Daniel A. Hamstra, Mahaveer S. Bhojani, Laura B. Griffin, Bharathi Laxman, Brian D. Ross, Alnawaz Rehemtulla
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract p53 is a key mediator of cellular response to stress, and, although its function has been carefully evaluated in vitro, noninvasive evaluation of the transcriptional activity of p53 in live animals has not been reported. To this end, we developed a transgenic mouse model wherein the firefly luciferase gene expression was dependent on the p53-responsive P2 promoter from the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene. Bioluminescence activity following ionizing radiation was shown to be dose, time, and p53 dependent. In addition, expression of both p53 and its activated form as well as the expression of p53 target genes (MDM2 and p21) correlated with bioluminescence activity. Temporal evaluation of p53 activity following ionizing radiation showed a distinct oscillatory pattern, which confirmed the oscillations observed previously in cultured cells. In addition, the kinetics of oscillations were altered by pretreatment with radiation-modifying agents. These results show the use of this mouse model in enhancing our understanding of the transcriptional role of p53 in vivo. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(15): 7482-9)
OC-152 “Expecting the unexpected”: a review of extracolonic findings found at ct colonography
Authors: H M Owen, R Foulkes, P Billings, P Chandran, C Corr
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The aim of this paper is to report the high prevalence of important extracolonic findings, including cancer, at CT colonography. <h3>Methods</h3> Using the PACS system all CT colonograms performed for symptomatic indications between December 2006 and June 2011 were retrieved as part of our ongoing audit. Extracolonic findings were identified and analysed. They were categorised into extracolonic malignancies, benign and important benign findings which were findings that required further investigation or management. <h3>Results</h3> 830 patients underwent CT Colonography during this time period (518 females, 313 males, average age 74). 85 colonic cancers were identified and 103 patients had colonic polyps with or without extracolonic findings. Extracolonic abnormalities were found in 383 patients (46%). Of those patients with extracolonic findings 9% had extracolonic malignancies, 26% had important extracolonic findings requiring further investigation, management or referral and 65% were benign incidental findings requiring no further follow-up. The most common benign incidental finding was renal cysts and the most common extracolonic malignancy was renal carcinoma. Abstract OC-152 table 1 gives a summary of the number of extracolonic findings identified with the highest prevalence. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CT Colonography has the potential to pick up cancers and other life threatening lesions such as large non ruptured AAA at a preclinical stage. While we acknowledge that extracolonic abnormalities are common with the correct planning and management we do not believe that this should necessarily increase the number of further unnecessary investigations or costs. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Development of Antimicrobial Agents in the Era of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases and Increasing Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Gail H. Cassell
Journal: JAMA (2001)

During the past 2 decades, new infectious diseases have appeared and old ones previously thought to be controlled have reemerged. New and reemerging infectious agents will continue to pose serious threats well into the 21st century. The prediction that the threat of infectious disease may not diminish is supported by evidence that infectious agents cause many chronic diseases and cancer of previous unknown etiology. Moreover, the utility of existing antimicrobial agents is rapidly eroding, tipping the balance in favor of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and there appear to be few, if any, new classes of drugs currently in clinical development. The need for research directed toward development of new antibiotics has never been greater. Advances in research technologies and microbial genome sequencing in the past decade have led to identification of a large number of new targets. Functional genomics and integrative biology should validate these targets and provide the best opportunity for developing effective new therapies, improved diagnostic techniques, and better tools to understand host-pathogen interactions.
Janusz Korczak, Physician-Humanitarian
Authors: Edwin P. Kulawiec
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ALL THOSE who come in contact with him through his books, his thoughts, and his life story are as if infected by some rare disease that penetrates to the very marrow, the heart, and leaves a lasting and indelible scar. Those who are still alive today and who had the pleasure of knowing and working with him can testify to the intensity of his being, his involvement with his work, and the richness of his ideas. He was truly one of those rare persons destined for some shrine of remembrance because of his acts in behalf of his fellow man. Janusz Korczak was born Henryk Goldszmit in Warsaw on July 22, 1878. He was a physician, writer, educator, lecturer, and teacher. For much of his adult life he was the director of two orphanages in Warsaw where, in addition to formulating a unique method of child upbringing based on self-government
Screening for prostate cancer: should every man know his PSA?
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The figure summarises the changes in crude completion rates between 1999 and 2002 and gives the adjusted rate for 2002.The audit target of 90% crude completion rate has been approximately achieved.Between December 2000 and June 2002, prospective audit of complications revealed only two colonic perforations in 2077 procedures-a rate of 1 in 1000, which is lower than the rate of 1 in 769 seen in the national audit. 3
White Matter Integrity Determined With Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Older Adults Without Dementia
Authors: Kejal Kantarci, Christopher G. Schwarz, Robert I. Reid, Scott A. Przybelski, Timothy G. Lesnick, Samantha M. Zuk, Matthew L. Senjem, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Val Lowe, Mary M. Machulda, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to loss of white matter integrity and the temporal positioning of biomarkers of white matter integrity relative to the biomarkers of gray matter neurodegeneration and amyloid load in the course of Alzheimer disease (AD) are poorly understood.To investigate the effects of AD-related gray matter neurodegeneration and high β-amyloid on white matter microstructure in older adults without dementia.A population-based, longitudinal cohort study was conducted. Participants included in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (N = 701) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography studies with diagnoses of cognitively normal ([CN] n = 570) or mild cognitive impairment ([MCI] n = 131) were included. Both groups were divided into biomarker-negative, amyloid-positive-only, neurodegeneration-positive-only, and amyloid plus neurodegeneration-positive groups based on their amyloid load shown on carbon 11-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography, AD hypometabolic pattern shown on fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography, and/or hippocampal atrophy shown on magnetic resonance imaging.Fractional anisotropy (FA) determined using DTI.No FA alterations were observed in biomarker-negative MCI and amyloid-positive-only CN and MCI groups compared with biomarker-negative CN participants on voxel-based analysis (P < .05; familywise error corrected). Conversely, the neurodegeneration-positive-only and amyloid plus neurodegeneration-positive CN and MCI groups consistently had decreased FA in the fornix, which correlated with cognitive performance (ρ = 0.38; P < .001). Patients with MCI had more extensive white matter involvement than did those with CN, and the greatest FA decreases were observed in the amyloid plus neurodegeneration-positive MCI group (P < .05; familywise error corrected).A high amyloid load does not influence diffusion tensor imaging-based measures of white matter integrity in the absence of coexistent gray matter neurodegeneration in older adults without dementia.
Venous return disturbances induced by arrhythmias: A transcutaneous, instantaneous, flowmetric study at the site of the jugular vein
Authors: D. Kalmanson, C. Veyrat, P. Chiche
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

In various arrhythmias, the jugular venous flow velocity curve was externally recorded with a directional Doppler flowmeter, and characteristic anomalies of the tracing were pointed out, providing in some cases a useful diagnostic clue. The possibility of a diastolic tricuspid regurgitation in case of atrial fibrillation, A-V block, and premature beats is discussed. The transcutaneous Doppler flowmeter appears to offer a new approach to the physiopathological study of venous return as well as a diagnostic method in the case of arrhythmias.
Role of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation according to the NPM1/FLT3‐ITD molecular status for cytogenetically normal AML patients: A GOELAMS study
Authors: Romain Guièze, Pascale Cornillet‐Lefebvre, Bruno Lioure, Odile Blanchet, Arnaud Pigneux, Christian Recher, Caroline Bonmati, Nathalie Fegueux, Claude‐Eric Bulabois, Didier Bouscary, Norbert Vey, Martine Delain, Pascal Turlure, Chantal Himberlin, Jean‐Luc Harousseau, Francois Dreyfus, Marie C. Béné, Norbert Ifrah, Patrice Chevallier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract The choice of postremission therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is now based on the blasts' cytogenetic and molecular profile. However, the potential benefit of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT) according to the NPM1 / FLT3 ‐ITD status has been poorly studied in AML patients with a normal karyotype (NK). Therefore, we evaluated the NPM1 / FLT3 ‐ITD molecular status in 135 NK‐AML patients treated by allogeneic HSCT (allo‐HSCT), auto‐HSCT, or chemotherapy as consolidation therapy within the GOELAMS LAM‐2001 trial. In univariate analyzes, 4‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly higher for NPM1 +/ FLT3 ‐ITD− patients compared with patients presenting another molecular profile (61 vs. 43% and 72 vs. 48%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). In the NPM1 +/ FLT3 ‐ITD− subgroup, there was no benefit for allo‐HSCT or auto‐HSCT vs. chemotherapy (4‐year LFS: 71, 56, and 60%; 4‐year OS: 73, 71, and 60%, respectively; P = NS). For patients with other NPM1 / FLT3 ‐ITD molecular profiles, allo‐HSCT was found to be the best consolidation therapy, whereas auto‐HSCT was associated with a better outcome when compared with chemotherapy (allo‐HSCT‐, auto‐HSCT‐, and chemotherapy‐related 4‐year LFS: 68, 44, and 36%, P = 0.004; 4‐year OS: 68, 52, and 29%, respectively, P = 0.02). Our study indicates that allo‐HSCT and auto‐HSCT provide similar outcomes compared with chemotherapy as consolidation for NPM1 +/ FLT3 ‐ITD− NK‐AML patients. For NK‐AML patients with an adverse molecular profile, auto‐HSCT could represent an alternative therapeutic approach when no human leukocyte antigen–matched allogeneic donor is available. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleotide polymorphism in colicin E2 gene clusters: evidence for nonneutral evolution
Authors: Y. Tan, M. A. Riley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

To explore the molecular mechanisms behind the diversification of colicin gene clusters, we examined DNA sequence polymorphism for the colicin gene clusters of 14 colicin E2 (ColE2) plasmids obtained from natural isolates of Escherichia coli. Two types of ColE2 plasmids are revealed, with type II gene clusters generated by recombination between type I ColE2 and ColE7 gene clusters. The levels and patterns of DNA polymorphism are different between the two types. Type I polymorphism is distributed evenly along the gene cluster, while type II accumulates polymorphism at an elevated rate in the 5' end of the colicin gene. These differences may be explained by recombinational origins of type II gene clusters. The pattern of divergence between the ColE2 gene cluster and its close relative ColE9 is not correlated with the pattern of polymorphism within ColE2, suggesting that this gene cluster is not evolving in a neutral fashion. A statistical test confirms significant departures from the predictions of neutrality. These data lend further support to the hypothesis that colicin gene clusters may evolve under the influence of nonneutral forces.
UK government to shift NHS power to community health care
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

GPs in England are being charged with developing a “new generation of community facilities” to provide patients with a range of medical and social care services closer to where they live, the government announced this week. The secretary of state for health, Patricia Hewitt, said that she wants to see 5% of the NHS budget for England—£4bn ($7bn; €6bn) a year—transferred from the secondary sector to primary care in the next 10 years. Currently, England spends 27% of its health budget on community services compared with 33% in European countries.

“People in the NHS have told us for decades about shifting the emphasis of care from acute hospitals to primary care. We believe we can achieve this shift because of the reforms we have introduced and the support of the medical profession,” said Ms Hewitt. “With practice based commissioning and payment by results we are putting incentives into the system to shift resources out of acute hospitals …
Meeting Report: Alternatives for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing
Authors: Pamela Lein, Paul Locke, Alan Goldberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT) is perceived by many stakeholders to be an area in critical need of alternatives to current animal testing protocols and guidelines. To address this need, the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Toxicology Program are collaborating in a program called TestSmart DNT, the goals of which are to: (a) develop alternative methodologies for identifying and prioritizing chemicals and exposures that may cause developmental neurotoxicity in humans; (b) develop the policies for incorporating DNT alternatives into regulatory decision making; and (c) identify opportunities for reducing, refining, or replacing the use of animals in DNT. The first TestSmart DNT workshop was an open registration meeting held 13-15 March 2006 in Reston, Virginia. The primary objective was to bring together stakeholders (test developers, test users, regulators, and advocates for children's health, animal welfare, and environmental health) and individuals representing diverse disciplines (developmental neurobiology, toxicology, policy, and regulatory science) from around the world to share information and concerns relating to the science and policy of DNT. Individual presentations are available at the CAAT TestSmart website. This report provides a synthesis of workgroup discussions and recommendations for future directions and priorities, which include initiating a systematic evaluation of alternative models and technologies, developing a framework for the creation of an open database to catalog DNT data, and devising a strategy for harmonizing the validation process across international jurisdictional borders.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies three psoriasis susceptibility loci
Authors: Philip E Stuart, Rajan P Nair, Eva Ellinghaus, Jun Ding, Trilokraj Tejasvi, Johann E Gudjonsson, Yun Li, Stephan Weidinger, Bernadette Eberlein, Christian Gieger, H Erich Wichmann, Manfred Kunz, Robert Ike, Gerald G Krueger, Anne M Bowcock, Ulrich Mrowietz, Henry W Lim, John J Voorhees, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Michael Weichenthal, Andre Franke, Proton Rahman, Dafna D Gladman, James T Elder
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)