tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of medical research: MRC selectively criticises peer review
Authors: R. Gillett
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Insomnia in the chronic fatigue syndrome EDrroR,-Iain Duncan is mistaken in his assertion' that the results of our study of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome2 can be explained by daytime dozing.According to data from the diaries kept by the subjects in the study, the patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome slept for a mean of 11 minutes during the day and the healthy controls for 0 minutes.There was no association between either the time spent asleep or the time spent resting in bed during the day and the presence of any sleep disorder (or the time spent awake after the onset of sleep at night) in the patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome or the normal controls.Furthermore, in the few patients with the syndrome who wore their polysomnograph for the whole 24 hours there was no association between time spent asleep during the day and the time spent awake after the onset of sleep.Whether inactivity itself can cause disorders of the initiation or maintenance of sleep is unknown.The amount, quality, or type of exercise, however, does not affect the continuity of sleep.3Not sleeping well may be a feature of other illnesses, but the causes are diverse: waking up may be due to pain or breathlessness, apnoea, going to the toilet, worry, depression, delirium, the presence of pyrogens in fever, the effects of drugs such as steroids, sleeping in a different environment such as a hospital, and age (since not sleeping and physical illness both occur more commonly in old age).In our study all of these other factors were excluded or controlled for except for mild anxiety and depression, which were not associated with disturbance of sleep.One patient with the chronic fatigue syndrome described multiple sites of muscular pain (fibromyalgia), which was associ- ated with the a non-REM sleep abnormality4 but not with waking at night after the onset of sleep.Disrupted sleep may have a role in the aetiology of the chronic fatigue syndrome in some patients, especially as some patients do not show any clinical improvement until their coexisting sleep problems have been treated.5Furthermore, we do not know how many patients with sleep disorders are mis- diagnosed as having the syndrome and fail to get the correct treatments.The role of sleep in the chronic fatigue syndrome deserves further research.
Sequential serum hepatitis C viral RNA levels longitudinally assessed by branched DNA signal amplification
Authors: Stuart C. Gordon, Peter J. Dailey, Ann L. Silverman, Bilal A. Khan, Vallistram P. Kodali, Judith C. Wilber
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The aim of this study was to determine the stability of viral load over an extended period in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sequential serum specimens collected from fourteen non-alcoholic adult patients with chronic HCV between 1990 and 1997 were tested retrospectively for HCV RNA levels by branched DNA assay (Quantiplex HCV RNA 2.0 [Chiron Diagnostics, Emeryville, CA]). A minimum of three serum samples was obtained at various intervals from each patient. None of the patients received antiviral therapy. Liver biopsies, available for 10 of 14 patients, showed mild or moderate hepatitis in seven and cirrhosis in three (one developed cirrhosis during follow-up). RIBA strip immunoassay showed that 7, 3, and 4 patients had viral genotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The follow-up time averaged 5.3 years (range, 3.7 to 6.6 years). Eight patients (57.2%) showed increased viral levels from baseline to follow-up, the remaining six patients (42.8%) showed decreased viral levels. The three cirrhotic patients had the highest viral levels over time. The mean change was a 0.29-fold decrease (median, +1.14 [corrected]; range, -17.49 to +7.32). A less than twofold change in either direction was demonstrated for six patients (42.8%), and a less than threefold change was demonstrated for 10 patients (71.4%). Variation from baseline to last follow-up as calculated by log determination showed that the viremic load varied less than one log10 in all but one individual. These results show that viral load remains relatively stable over prolonged periods in most untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Registration of Cancer in Denmark
Authors: E. Kennaway
Journal: BMJ (1955)

EMERGENCIES IN GENERAL PRACTICEaffected infants with icterus gravis from rhesus incom- patibility may show quite extensive petechiae, and the prog- nosis in such cases is not good.Capillary naevi should not be confused with skin haemorrhages.They are common, especially around the eyelids, forehead, and occiput, though they may occur elsewhere.Most of them disappear spon- taneously.Haemorrhage from the Lungs.-This is usually a terminal event in pneumonia or septicaemia.Pink frothy fluid may flow from the mouth or nose in an almost continuous stream.Treatment is not likely to be of any avail, but intensive chemotherapy should be tried.Next article on Emergencies in General Practice.-"Ocular Emergencies," by Mr. H.B. Stallard.
Reply to the Paper ‘Prevalence of Bipolar Disorders’ by F. Benazzi
Authors: Carlo Faravelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

Letters| April 11 2005 Reply to the Paper 'Prevalence of Bipolar Disorders' by F. Benazzi Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Carlo Faravelli Carlo Faravelli Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche, Ospedale di Careggi, Firenze, Italy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (2005) 74 (3): 191–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084007 Article history Published Online: April 11 2005 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Carlo Faravelli; Reply to the Paper 'Prevalence of Bipolar Disorders' by F. Benazzi. Psychother Psychosom 1 April 2005; 74 (3): 191–192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084007 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 2005Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
CXCR3 axis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: a novel mechanism of action of ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: P. Manoussou, M. Koulentaki, A. Voumvouraki, I. Drygiannakis, H. A. Papadaki, G. Notas, G. Kolios, E. Kouroumalis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Background and Aim</i>: The CXC chemokines, MIG, IP-10 and I-TAC, are known to attract CXCR3+ T lymphocytes. CXCR3 gene generates two distinct mRNAs, CXCR3A and CXCR3B, by alternative splicing. In Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), intrahepatic bile ductules are destroyed by T lymphocytes. We investigated therefore the CXC chemokine axis in this disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Mig, IP-10 and I-TAC mRNAs expression was studied by RT-PCR in 20 liver biopsies from PBC patients (Ludwig stage II/III) and compared with normal biopsies (NCs = 20). Serum chemokines were assessed by ELISA in 44 PBC patients (Ludwig stage II/III) and 20 normals. Measurements were repeated six months after Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) treatment. CXCR3A and CXCR3B mRNAs expression were examined in immunomagnetically sorted CD3+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by RT-PCR, pre and post treatment. Flow cytometry evaluated the expression of CXCR3+ in PBL of NC and patients. <h3>Results</h3> A marked mRNA expression of MIG and IP10, but not of I-TAC, was found in PBC patients. Serum MIG (72.86 pg/ml) and IP-10 (660.1 pg/ml) were significantly increased in PBC, compared to NC (33.47 pg/ml and 37.58 pg/ml, respectively). There was a significant reduction of these proteins after treatment with UDCA (40.95 pg/ml for MIG and 289.2 pg/ml for IP-10). I-TAC was not different between groups. CXCR3A mRNA expression was found in PBLs from PBC patients and NCs. CXCR3B mRNA was expressed in 4/20 (19%) NCs and 20/20 PBC patients. Flow cytometry revealed a significantly lower CXCR3 expression in NCs (13.5%) than in PBC (37.2%) which was reduced (28.1%, p &lt; 0.01) after UDCA administration. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data suggest a possible role of CXCR3-binding chemokines and their receptor in the aetiopathogenetic recruitment of lymphocytes in PBC and a new mechanism of action of UDCA.
Abstract 4557: <i>In vivo</i> near-infrared fluorescent quantification of therapy-induced apoptosis using Annexin-Vivo 750
Authors: Jun Zhang, Gary Cuneo, Nara Narayanan, Jeannine Delaney, Sylvie Kossodo, Bagna Bao, Milind Rajopadhye, Jeffrey D. Peterson, Karen Madden, David Z. Gao, Peter Moonen, Chris Reutelingsperger
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Drug-induced ex vivo apoptotic tests are widely used pre-clinically to monitor chemotherapeutic efficacy. Real-time non-invasive in vivo imaging and quantification of therapy-induced tumor apoptosis would impact drug discovery significantly. As a key apoptotic marker, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocated to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane can be detected by fluorescent-labeled Annexin A5 specifically with high affinity. We synthesized an in vivo imaging contrast agent Annexin-Vivo 750 by conjugating a human recombinant Annexin A5 to a near-infrared fluorophore with em 770 nm. Fluorescence microscopy showed 4h anti-FAS Ab treatment significantly increased the number of Annexin-Vivo 750 positive Jurkat cells, confirming that the agent binds to PS on apoptotic cells. Similarly, flow cytometry showed anti-FAS Ab increased Annexin-Vivo 750 positive cells from 15% to 55%. TUNEL positive cells were increased from 0% to 65.14 ± 3.93% (p=0.0004) by anti-FAS antibody. The TUNEL data correlate very well with flow cytometry data and are consistent with the fluorescence microscopy data. In vivo imaging of Annexin-Vivo 750 was performed in nude mice implanted with human colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells. Once tumors reached a volume of 142.36 + 8.3 mm3 mice were randomized and treated intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (170 mg/kg) or vehicle at time 0h. The agent was injected at 24h with a dose of 2.4 nmol/animal and the tumors were imaged at 26h with an FMT2500 quantitative tomography imager for in vivo real-time 3D Annexin-Vivo 750 quantification. Tumor fluorescence signal was 2.55 fold higher with than without cyclophosphamide (p=0.0002), while tumor volumes were the same (p=0.35). Fluorescent signal decreased significantly by 24h and returned to baseline at 48h post agent injection. Likewise, intratumoral injection of TNFα (2.5 μg) plus IFNγ subcutaneous injection (2500 units) also significantly increased HT29 tumor Annexin-Vivo 750 fluorescence (3 fold compared to control, p=0.0099, 24h after treatment, 2h post-agent injection). TUNEL positive HT-29 cells were increased from 11.16 ± 7.05 % to 41.77 ± 8.78 % (p=0.0004) by cyclophosphomide, indicating apoptosis. These results demonstrate that Annexin-Vivo 750 in vivo imaging can be used for detecting, quantifying and monitoring apoptosis following cancer treatments, underscoring its value in drug discovery and development in cancer and potentially in other clinically important areas, such as cardiovascular-, autoimmune-, inflammatory- and neurodegenerative diseases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4557.
ELECTROSHOCK AND THIORIDAZINE THERAPY IN THE PRESENCE OF GLAUCOMA
Authors: MERLIN H. JOHNSON, JOHN R. DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

This report outlines the care of a patient with glaucoma complicating a depression and illustrates the successful use of EST, and later, of a phenothiazine compound. The complication of glaucoma is an infrequent one, but when it occurs the lack of readily available information presents the clinician with little to guide him in his choice of treatment. The management outlined in this report appears to be safe as far as the ocular disease is concerned.
Effective strategies for translating basic research into clinical success in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: P. L. McGeer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David Cameron held a summit of G8 ministers in December 2013 to shape an international response to the global dementia challenge. WHO director general Margaret Chan declared: “In terms of a cure, or even a treatment that can modify the disease, we are empty handed.” The health ministers’ response was: “The ambition to identify a cure or a disease-modifying therapy for …
Clinical value of the measurement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antibody in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: G H Bothamley, R Rudd, F Festenstein, J Ivanyi
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: A serological test that could help to diagnose tuberculosis, especially smear negative disease, would contribute to patient management. METHODS: Levels of antibody to distinct antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were assessed for their value in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum was taken from 52 patients who were smear positive, from 27 patients who were smear negative but with evidence of active tuberculosis (sputum culture positive in 16, response to antituberculosis chemotherapy in 11), from 11 patients with old healed tuberculosis (pre-antibiotic era), and from 39 healthy subjects vaccinated with BCG. RESULTS: In smear positive tuberculosis an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using a single 38 kDa antigen gave a diagnostic sensitivity of 80% with a 100% specificity. In smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis, however, combination of the 19 kDa antigen, lipoarabinomannan (ML 34 epitope), and hsp 65 (TB 78 epitope) was needed to achieve a sensitivity of 64% with a specificity of 95%. Recurrent and extensive radiographic disease with a poor prognosis was associated with high anti-38 kDa and low anti-14 kDa antibody levels in patients with active disease. Patients with less pulmonary cavitation had high anti-19 kDa titres. Bacteriological relapse during treatment was indicated by a rise in anti-14 kDa (TB68 epitope) antibodies. Four patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection showed no anti-38 kDa antibody. CONCLUSION: Antigen or epitope specific serology may help in the diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and monitoring of chemotherapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Health Care Emergency Management: Principles and Practice
Authors: Laurel R. Berge
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic replacement therapy in the treatment of pancreatic steatorrhoea
Authors: I. N. Marks, S. Bank, E. M. Airth
Journal: Gut (1963)

The effect of a whole pancreas preparation (Viokase) has been investigated in 11 patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea and in five patients with steatorrhoea due to other causes. The appearance of the stool, faecal fat, and stool and blood radioactivity after a given dose of I<sup>131</sup> triolein (Raolein) were employed in assessing the response to Viokase therapy. Pancreatic steatorrhoea was considerably improved in the majority of patients, and showed some improvement in the remainder. Viokase appeared to be of limited value in the treatment of post-gastrectomy steatorrhoea, and failed to influence fat absorption in steatorrhoea due to disorder of the small intestine.
Typhoid fever
Authors: Tamding Wangdi, Sebastian E. Winter, Andreas J. Bäumler
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The host restricts dissemination of invasive enteric pathogens, such as non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars, by mounting acute inflammatory responses characterized by the recruitment of neutrophils. However, some enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. typhi), can bypass these defenses and cause an invasive bloodstream infection known as typhoid fever. Recent studies on virulence mechanisms of S. typhi suggest that tight regulation of virulence gene expression during the transition from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal mucosa enables this pathogen to evade detection by the innate immune system, thereby penetrating defenses that prevent bacterial dissemination. This example illustrates how the outcome of host pathogen interaction at the intestinal mucosal interface can alter the clinical presentation and dictate the disease outcome.
Double isotope dilution derivative assay of digitoxin in plasma, urine, and stool of patients maintained on the drug.
Authors: D A Lukas, R E Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

Although the cardiac glycosides have been used extensively since Withering published his observations on the effects of foxglove nearly two hundred years ago (1), their distribution and metabolism and the cellular basis of their action in man are unknown.The lack of sufficiently sensitive, chemically specific methods of assay has hampered studies of the biologic behavior of these compounds.The sensitivity of available spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods is limited to 2 ,ug or more, and none of them are molecularly specific, since they involve structural components common to all cardenolides and many glycosides.Thus, production of color depends on the action of various reagents on either the lactone ring (2-11) or the 2-deoxy sugar residues (12-20).The a,,8unsaturated lactone ring is also responsible for ab- sorption of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 217 mp (21).Fluorescence results from the ac- tion of strong acids on the steroid segment of the molecule and is attributable to dehydration and oxidation products and the formation of accessory ring structures (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).All these reactions are subject to interference by numerous substances.Most current information regarding the metabo- lism of the cardiac glycosides is derived from stud- ies employing bioassay methods (28-41) or the administration of radioisotopically labeled com- pounds (42-53).Bioassay with the chick or duck
CHRONIC UREAPLASMA UREALYTICUM AND MYCOPLASMA HOMINIS INFECTIONS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: KenB. Waites, DennisT. Crouse, KathleenG. Nelson, PeterT. Rudd, KayC. Canupp, Carl Ramsey, GailH. Cassell
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Induction of labour.
Authors: C J Carr
Journal: BMJ (1970)

should be mandatory, rather than exploration.Secondly, the aetiological classification suggested in this interesting article should include amoebiasis.This disease is not limited nowadays to tropical areas and it is known to mimic many intra-abdominal emergencies.'It is especially apt to cause colonic dilatation similar to pseudo-obstruction of the large bowel, and we know that exploration in these cases may be associated with high morbidity and mortality, though in cases of toxic megacolon of amoebic ori- gin a caecostomy may be life-saving.This is the only surgical procedure which I think is justified for pseudo-obstruction.If there is acute cholecystitis, then of course cholecys- tectomy or cholecystostomy are justified (Case 2), but then it is no longer pseudo- obstruction but sentinel ileus.-Iam, etc.
Hydroxyurea‐induced hemolytic anemia in a patient with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Fadi I. Jabr, Ali Shamseddine, Ali Taher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Hydroxyurea (HU) has been used in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) to reduce the frequency and severity of thrombotic complications of the disease. It acts by causing bone marrow depression, resulting in a decrease in platelet and leukocyte counts and in anemia with megaloblastosis. Herein we report a case of an 80‐year‐old man with ET who developed severe hemolytic anemia requiring multiple packed RBC transfusions while being treated with HU. The hemolysis persisted until discontinuation of the drug. This case suggests hemolysis as a potential side effect of HU and raises the clinical concern that not all HU‐induced anemia is secondary to erythropoiesis depression. With the increasing use of HU in the management of ET, hemoglobinopathy, and other diseases, the importance of monitoring for hemolysis must be further emphasized in these patients. Am. J. Hematol. 77:374–376, 2004 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.