tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indications for Diversion of the Urinary Stream
Authors: Arthur Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Diversion of the urinary stream is required when the bladder has to be removed, usually for cancer, or is unable to function as an adequate urinary reservoir. The lesions which call for diversion fall into three categories: Malignant Disease.—Total cystectomy for bladder cancer necessitates urinary diversion. Diversion may also prove a useful palliative for patients with advanced inoperable bladder cancer suffering intolerable frequency and strangury. Other indications are as follows: when cystectomy is needed because of severe and persistent bladder hemorrhage after x-ray therapy and when uncontrollable irradiation cystitis follows x-ray therapy to the uterine cervix, for carcinoma of the female urethra prior to irradiation or surgical extirpation, as a palliative for malignant rectovesicovaginal fistula, and for ureteric obstruction due to pelvic malignancy Congenital Anomalies.—Ectopic vesicae continue to be dominant indications for urinary diversion, as plastic procedures have so far yielded only minimum success in providing
Defective B-1 Cell Development and Impaired Immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis in IL-5Rα-Deficient Mice
Authors: Toshimi Yoshida, Koichi Ikuta, Hiroko Sugaya, Kazushige Maki, Mineo Takagi, Hiroko Kanazawa, Shinji Sunaga, Tatsuo Kinashi, Kentarou Yoshimura, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Satoshi Takaki, Kiyoshi Takatsu
Journal: Immunity (1996)
Clinical characteristics associated with sudden death in patients with variant angina.
Authors: D D Miller, D D Waters, J Szlachcic, P Théroux
Journal: Circulation (1982)

After hospital discharge, 114 patients with variant angina were followed for a mean period of 26 months. Six died suddenly and 13 others were resuscitated from sudden cardiac death. The extent of coronary disease and the prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction in these 19 "sudden death" patients were similar to those in the patients who did not experience sudden death ("survivors"). During spontaneous episodes of ST elevation recorded in hospital, 56 of the 114 patients had serious arrhythmias: ventricular fibrillation in two, ventricular tachycardia in 28, ventricular couplets or bigeminy in 17, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block in six and asystole in three. Patients with and those without these arrhythmias during attacks were similar with respect to extent of coronary disease, left ventricular function and most other clinical variables. The maximal ST elevation, however, was higher in the arrhythmia group (7.5 +/- 5.7 vs 3.3 +/- 2.3 mm, p less than 0.01). Serious arrhythmias were detected in 16 of the 19 sudden death patients, compared with 36 of the 86 survivors (p less than 0.01). Sudden death occurred during follow-up in 15 of the 36 patients (42%) with ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, high-degree atrioventricular block or asystole during attacks, compared with only four of 69 (6%) without these arrhythmias (p less than 0.001). We conclude that variant angina patients with serious arrhythmias during spontaneous attacks differ from other variant angina patient only in the degree of ischemia during attacks, as reflected by maximal ST elevation, but are at a much higher risk for sudden death.
Artifact-Free In-Stent Lumen Visualization by Standard Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using a New Metallic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Stent
Authors: Arno Buecker, Elmar Spuentrup, Alexander Ruebben, Rolf W. Günther
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Metallic stents cause susceptibility and radiofrequency artifacts on MR images, which, up to now, have not allowed for complete visualization of the stent lumen by MR angiography. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a new dedicated renal MRI stent for artifact-free in-stent lumen visualization in vitro and in a swine model.In vitro investigations were performed with prototypes of balloon-expandable Aachen Resonance Renal MRI Stents dilated to diameters of 3 to 6 mm and placed in an aqueous gadolinium solution (1:25). Phase-contrast and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted gradient echo images were acquired. Renal MRI stents (n=12) were deployed in the renal arteries of 6 pigs. Renal arteries were examined with phase-contrast angiography and with flow measurements before and after stent placement in the stented area, respectively. Additionally, a contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted, spoiled-gradient echo sequence after administration of 0.2 mmol gadolinium-DTPA/kg body weight was performed after stent placement. The visibility of artifacts was analyzed on in vitro and in vivo images by two investigators who knew the stent positions. Stent positions were determined visually (in vitro) or by x-ray angiography (animal experiments). No artifacts were detected independent of the applied imaging sequence and the stent orientation to the main magnetic field.The examined prototypes of fully MR-compatible MRI stents allow artifact-free visualization of the stent lumen with phase-contrast and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted angiography, as well as phase-contrast flow measurements in the stented area.
Trial of an Anti-inflammatory Agent (Indomethacin) in Low Back Pain with and without Radicular Involvement
Authors: J. H. Jacobs, M. F. Grayson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

A short-term double-blind sequential trial of indomethacin against placebo in the treatment of low back pain, with and without nerve root pain such as sciatica, showed that indomethacin was significantly more effective than placebo in the group with nerve root pain. On the other hand, no difference was found between the treatments in the patients with uncomplicated low back pain. This difference may result from an effect of indomethacin on the inflammatory process around the nerve root which has been shown to be present when this is compressed.
Acute Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Vincent F. Garagusi
Journal: JAMA (1976)

MENINGITIS from drug hypersensitivity is a rare phenomenon.<sup>1</sup>The, following case report illustrates the occurrence of severe aseptic purulent meningoencephalitis in a patient who had received prophylactic isoniazid therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old man was hospitalized on Jan 4, 1974, because of fever, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, and severe generalized headache. In August 1973, pleuritic chest pain— thought to be of viral origin—developed. Results of a physical examination and a chest x-ray film were normal. An intermediate purified protein derivative test was again positive (10 mm of induration), as it had been since 1967. Prophylactic isoniazid therapy was initiated with a dose of 300 mg/day. After three days of treatment, fever, weakness, malaise, nausea, and vomiting developed. Findings of a physical examination and liver function studies were normal. When isoniazid therapy was discontinued, the patient rapidly recovered. In December 1973, while in good health and receiving
Transcriptional Regulation of Vertebrate Cardiac Morphogenesis
Authors: Benoit G. Bruneau
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Transcription factors can regulate the expression of other genes in a tissue-specific and quantitative manner and are thus major regulators of embryonic developmental processes. Several transcription factors that regulate cardiac genes specifically have been described, and the recent discovery that dominant inherited transcription factor mutations cause congenital heart defects in humans has brought direct medical relevance to the study of cardiac transcription factors in heart development. Although this field of study is extensive, several major gaps in our knowledge of the transcriptional control of heart development still exist. This review will concentrate on recent developments in the field of cardiac transcription factors and their roles in heart formation.
ARRESTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND DECALCIFICATION OF THE ENAMEL AND DENTINE.Read in the Section of Oral and Dental Surgery, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I wish to call your attention to a few observations which I have made in regard to a want of calcification and decalcification of the enamel and dentine. The conclusions arrived at are the result of the study of three cases which have presented themselves to me for treatment. The first case is that of Miss C., 24 years of age. Her jaws have gradually come closer together, owing to a wearing away of the teeth. The front teeth have exceeded the back ones so that considerable space was noticed between her front teeth. The articulation was so poor that she was unable to chew her food and mastication was imperfectly performed with the vault of her mouth and tongue. Owing to the constant use of her tongue for purpose of mastication, hypertrophy had taken place to such an extent that her speech had become impaired. She was a constant
Effect of treatment on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease: a randomised prospective trial.
Authors: H Humphreys, S Bourke, C Dooley, D McKenna, B Power, C T Keane, E C Sweeney, C O'Morain
Journal: Gut (1988)

This study investigated the effect of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and cimetidine on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease. In 74% of 135 patients with peptic disease diagnosed at endoscopy C pylori was detected before treatment. Compared with cimetidine, colloidal bismuth subcitrate significantly decreased the incidence of C pylori after six weeks of treatment (p less than 0.001). In the colloidal bismuth subcitrate group, subsequent healing of the lesion was correlated with the clearance of C pylori, unlike in the cimetidine group. C pylori was strongly associated with the presence of histological gastritis, which was decreased by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (p less than 0.001).
Addressing the Challenges of Clinician Training for Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
Authors: Julia Potter, Atsuko Koyama, Mandy S. Coles
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
High incidence of heparin-induced allergic delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in pregnancy
Authors: Marc Schindewolf, Corinna Gobst, Hartmut Kroll, Andreas Recke, Frank Louwen, Manfred Wolter, Roland Kaufmann, Wolf-Henning Boehncke, Edelgard Lindhoff-Last, Ralf J. Ludwig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Case Report: Silicatosis in a CarpetInstaller
Authors: Jaime Szeinuk, Elizabeth J. Wilk-Rivard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

ContextChronic exposure to talc in the course of carpet installation can result in pneumoconiosis.Case presentationWe present a case of a young carpet installer who was diagnosed with silicatosis of the lung. Review of occupational history revealed that the patient had been working as a carpet installer for approximately 15 years, since he was 15 years of age. The patient was exposed to talc in the course of his work.DiscussionExposure to talc in the course of carpet installation has not been reported as a possible cause of pneumoconiosis. In this article we review different causes of silicatosis and discuss chronic exposure in the course of carpet installation and development of pneumoconiosis. In addition, we also review the relevance of mycobacterial infection in cases of silicosis and silicatosis.Relevance to Clinical or Professional PracticeExposure to talc in the course of carpet installation should be added to conditions that can cause pneumoconioses, specifically silicatosis of the lung.
THE GENESIS OF THE CONTOUR FILLING.
Authors: GEO. S. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

So generally accepted is it by the profession at large that the contour filling represents the highest development of the art in conservative dentistry, that it is as much as a man's reputation is worth, to say a good word for the old-fashioned face filling of years gone by. Practice and precept, it is true, do not always follow the same road; still it is a healthy sign of growth to see the highest ideal kept well in the foreground in all our discussions and writings. No subject has been so well and so ably handled by the wisemen in our profession, as the one that presses the claims and advantages of contour work. So true is this that he who would start on the hunt for one single brand new thought or idea on the subject, would have a weary road to travel and have little to show for
Impaired Conduction in the Bundle Branches of Mouse Hearts Lacking the Gap Junction Protein Connexin40
Authors: Harold V. M. van Rijen, Toon A. B. van Veen, Marjan J. A. van Kempen, Francien J. G. Wilms-Schopman, Mark Potse, Olaf Krueger, Klaus Willecke, Tobias Opthof, Habo J. Jongsma, Jacques M. T. de Bakker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Connexin (Cx)40 and Cx45 are the major protein subunits of gap junction channels in the conduction system of mammals. To determine the role of Cx40, we correlated cardiac activation with Connexin distribution in normal and Cx40-deficient mice hearts.Epicardial and septal activation was recorded in Langendorff-perfused adult mice hearts with a 247-point compound electrode (interelectrode distance, 0.3 mm). After electrophysiological measurements, hearts were prepared for immunohistochemistry and histology to determine Connexin distribution and fibrosis. In both wild-type and Cx40-deficient animals, epicardial activation patterns were similar. The right and left ventricular septum was invariably activated from base to apex. Histology revealed a continuity of myocytes from the common bundle to the septal myocardium. Within this continuity, colocalization was found of Cx43 and Cx45 but not of Cx40 and Cx43. Both animals showed similar His-bundle activation. In Cx40-deficient mice, the proximal bundle branches expressed Cx45 only. The absence of Cx40 in the proximal bundles correlated with right bundle-branch block. Conduction in the left bundle branch was impaired as compared with wild-type animals.Our data show that (1) in mice, a continuity exists between the common bundle and the septum, and (2) Cx40 deficiency results in right bundle-branch block and impaired left bundle-branch conduction.
Status Asthmaticus, Mechanical Ventilation, and Pneumothorax
Authors: Carl Grunfeld
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The review by Scoggin et al (238:1158, 1977) of their experience with mechanical ventilation of patients with status asthmaticus clearly demonstrates the increased incidence of certain complications (pneumothorax, pneumonia, hypoventilation, and tube malfunction). I would like to expand on the issue of pneumothoraxes in light of their discovery of two unsuspected pneumothoraxes at autopsy. As a medical housestaff officer, I was able to reverse six cardiopulmonary arrests in patients with chronic lung disease by release of a tension pneumothorax. Each of these events was thought to be a primary cardiac arrest because the initial decompensation noted was either bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, or hypotension before a respirator alarm was triggered. Also, the physical signs of a tension pneumothorax were not detectable, as breath sounds are often severely diminished in these patients and a substantial shift in the mediastinum was not found in the circumstances of the "code." Often
Of medicine and medicines
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This week’s journal captures modern medicine’s ambivalence about modern medicines. On one hand, we look to new drugs to deliver us from illness and disease. On the other, we view the companies who deliver them with suspicion or disdain.

The journal has articles to buttress both viewpoints. Firstly, drugs as salvation. According to WHO, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) affects 50 000-70 000 people, with only two drugs available for treating the late stage of the disease. One of them, eflornithine, had a chequered production history until Aventis agreed to resume production in 2001 as part of an extraordinarily generous package to help reduce the incidence of the disease. In a large study, Priotta and colleagues …
The Bamako initiative.
Authors: D. Hughes, A. Fiander
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) morphogenesis is characterized by a large over-production of subviral particles and recently described new forms in parallel of complete viral particles (VP). This study was designed to depict circulating viral forms in HBV infected patient plasmas, using velocity gradients and most sensitive viral markers. Plasmas from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, HBeAg positive or negative, genotype D or E, were fractionated on velocity and equilibrium gradients with or without detergent treatment. Antigenic and molecular markers were measured in plasma and in each collected fraction. Fast Nycodenz velocity gradients revealed good reproducibility and provided additional information to standard equilibrium sucrose gradients. HBV-RNAs circulated as enveloped particles in all plasmas, except one, and at lesser concentrations than VP. Calculations based on standardized measurements and relative virion and subviral particle molecular stoichiometry allowed to refine the experimental approach. For the HBeAg-positive plasma, VP were accompanied by an overproduction of enveloped capsids, either containing HBs, likely corresponding to empty virions, or for the main part, devoid of this viral envelope protein. Similarly, in the HBeAg-negative sample, HBs enveloped capsids, likely corresponding to empty virions, were detected and the presence of enveloped capsids devoid of HBs protein was suspected but not clearly evidenced due to the presence of contaminating high-density subviral particles. While HBeAg largely influences HBcrAg measurement and accounts for two-thirds of HBcrAg reactivity in HBeAg-positive patients, it remains a 10 times more sensitive marker than HBsAg to characterize VP containing fractions. Using Nycodenz velocity gradients and standardized biomarkers, our study proposes a detailed characterization of circulating viral forms in chronically HBV infected patients. We provide evidence for an excess of capsids in DNA enriched fractions, likely due to the presence of empty virions but also by capsids enveloped by an HBs free lipid layer. Identification of this new circulating viral particle sets the basis for studies around the potential role of these entities in hepatitis B pathogeny and their physiological regulation.
Whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Stephen J Eustace, Erik Nelson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A valuable adjunct to clinical examination 

When Lauterbur and Damadian described the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a clinical imaging tool in the early 1970s the popular belief was that the technique would become the ultimate screening tool for the whole body.1 2 However, similar to other modalities limited by cost, acquisition times, availability, and artefact produced by motion, it evolved as a technique to image stationary body parts. Supported by technical developments in the past decade, improved excitatory pulse sequences, and faster methods of localising derived signal, and by increasing awareness of the hazards of radiation imposed by traditional techniques, the ability to use MRI as a rapid imaging tool for the whole body has now been revisited.3–11 Reduced acquisition times have been mirrored by a logical reduction in acquisition costs, and the recent development of the moving MRI table top has facilitated the clinical introduction of this technique as a practical diagnostic tool.3

The principal application of whole body MRI is in detecting skeletal metastases as an alternative …
Differential Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension and Follow-up of Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: L LAMKI, J D SPENCE, A C MACDONALD, M ROULSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Two hundred nine hypertensive patients with high stimulated plasma renin levels were screened for renovascular hypertension using Tc-99m DTPA renal scintigraphy. Differential glomerular filtration rate (Diff-GFR) was obtained by integrating the area under the background- subtracted renogram of each kidney between 1 and 3 minutes. 50 patients who also had undergone selective renal angiography were divided into four groups according to Diff-GFR contribution by one of the kidneys. If one kidney contributed 45-50% of total GFR, this was regarded as normal. A Diff-GFR of less than 45% was very considered to be very suggestive of renovascular hypertension in the appropriate clinical setting, while a Diff-GFR of less than 20% indicated that the renal artery might not be amenable to successful balloon angioplasty. Diff-GFR following balloon angioplasty closely reflected the early clinical response of the patients—and in some cases progressive Diff-GFR improvement was observed several months later. Diff-GFR as a scintigraphic criterion for renovascular hypertension has a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 74%, and accuracy of 85%.
USPSTF: Taking Vitamin D and Calcium Doesn’t Prevent Fractures in Older Women
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

lead poisoning by telling moms to mop their homes better, to wash their kids’ hands better,” said Lanphear. “But that didn’t work. What brought the lead levels down was taking lead out of gasoline, paint, and canned food. If you really want to change exposures, whether it is lead or unhealthy food, the most effective [strategy] by far is to take away the toxin.” The biggest challenge, he said, will be in standing up to corporations whose profits are at stake. “We have to ask ourselves whether we value the short-term profits of an industry over the long-term health of our children,” said Lanphear. Although everyone recognizes the obesity epidemic time bomb because it can be seen, the growing prevalence of mental and developmental problems in children may be much less visible, but it’s just as explosive, Halfon said. “This is a very disturbing trend that will only get worse,” he said. “I think we’re looking at the tip of the iceberg here.”
Comparative Effects of Angiotensin and ACTH on Cyclic AMP and Steroidogenesis in Isolated Bovine Adrenal Cells
Authors: Andre Peytremann, Wendell E. Nicholson, Ronald D. Brown, Grant W. Liddle, Joel G. Hardman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The comparative effects of angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on cyclic AMP and steroidogenesis were investigated employing isolated bovine adrenal cells from the zona fasciculata. Like ACTH, angiotensin produced a prompt increase in cyclic AMP which preceded the increase in corticosteroid production. Although this increase in cyclic AMP was small when compared to that induced by ACTH, it correlated with the amount of steroidogenesis. This observation is consistent with the view that cyclic AMP is the intracellular mediator of the steroidogenic action of angiotensin.