tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electronic Management of Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Boguslav H. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Electrical stimulation of the anal sphincter was used in six incontinent patients, resulting in control of fecal incontinence in five patients. One patient was unable to retain the electrode because of improper size and shape of the plug, which was cylindrical in contour. Only the external method was used, ie, variously shaped electrodes were inserted in the anal canal. Best results were obtained when hourglass-shaped plugs were used. It is postulated that control of fecal incontinence was achieved by contraction of the ana sphincter as well as by restoration of the tonus of the pelvic diaphragm. Since all patients had an indwelling urinary-tract catheter, no conclusions were drawn regarding the effect of electrical stimuli upon the urinary pathways. No adverse reactions were noted.
Serum Hepatitis among Swedish Track Finders
Authors: Olof Ringertz, Bo Zetterberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

DURING the last two decades increasing interest has been taken in the problems of hepatitis. Many attempts have been made to adapt hepatitis virus to different laboratory animals, but so far no suitable species has been found, nor have the efforts to devise methods for cultivation of hepatitis virus in tissue culture or immunologic tests been successful although interesting results have been reported.1 2 3 3a Therefore, much current knowledge is based on information obtained from studies on volunteers4 5 6 7 8 or in institutional outbreaks.9 10 11 Viral hepatitis is usually divided into infectious hepatitis caused by virus A and serum hepatitis caused by virus B. Although . . .
Lignocaine Therapy for Ventricular Ectopic Activity after Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Double-blind Trial
Authors: M. P. Chopra, U. Thadani, R. W. Portal, C. P. Aber
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The effectiveness of intravenous lignocaine in suppressing ventricular ectopic activity after acute myocardial infarction was examined in a double-blind trial in 82 patients. Whereas suppression of unifocal ventricular ectopics was achieved by lignocaine in 90% of patients, other forms of potentially more dangerous ectopic activity (multifocal or R-on-T ectopics) seemed more resistant to therapy. Cessation of ectopic activity was also observed in about one-third of the patients in the control group. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and the mortality during and after the trial period were similar in the lignocaine-treated and control groups, whether or not the initial ventricular ectopics had been suppressed. This study provides no evidence to support the routine use of intravenous lignocaine in the management of ventricular ectopic activity after acute myocardial infarction.
Restriction Enzymes, Interferon, and the Therapy for Advanced Cancer
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A decade ago, the remarkable property of the newly discovered restriction enzymes, namely, their ability to cleave doublestranded DNA at particular base sequences, was widely regarded as a microbiological curiosity and of little practical utility. The short-sightedness of this view was rapidly demonstrated, and the importance of restriction enzymes in molecular biology research has already been acknowledged by the award of a Nobel Prize to the pioneers of restriction enzyme research.  Experiments using restriction enzymes to manipulate DNA structure have completely altered our understanding of molecular biology in recent years. It is clear from such reports as the preliminary study by Horning and her colleagues in the current issue ofThe Journal(p 1718) that recombinant DNA research will be changing the practice of medicine as well. Restriction enzymes are the scalpels of the future, and, as physicians, we should understand how recombinant DNA techniques are used to produce proteins
The Lighthouse Keeper With Stargardt's Disease
Authors: Michael O'Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased alpha-adrenergic receptors in ischemic cat myocardium. A potential mediator of electrophysiological derangements.
Authors: P B Corr, J A Shayman, J B Kramer, R J Kipnis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have recently demonstrated enhanced alpha-adrenergic responsiveness assessed electrophysiologically in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. This study was performed to determine whether ischemia alters alpha 1-adrenergic receptor number (Bmax) of affinity (KD) based on [3H]prazosin binding. Within 30 min after occlusion, Bmax increased in ischemic regions to 207% of control to 27 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein, with the increase persisting (+ 141% of control) during early reperfusion (2 min), before returning to control base-line values (13 +/- 1.6) after 15 min of reperfusion. KD was not altered at any interval studied. Beta receptor number of ([3H]dihydroalprenolol) and Na+-K+ ATPase activity were comparable in control compared to ischemic myocardium although beta-receptor Bmax and KD in both regions decreased during early reperfusion. Thus, the enhanced alpha-adrenergic responsivity previously recognized with ischemia and reperfusion is correlated with an increase in alpha 1-adrenergic receptors.
Bone scanning in lung cancer: Evidence is not sufficient to justify routine bone scanning
Authors: Rachel E Benamore, James J Entwisle, Mick D Peake
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Firm foundation for senior house officers Five years is long enoughEditor-The editorial by Gallen and Peile signals anything but a firm foundation for training junior doctors. 1 The first foundation year will essentially be an extension of undergraduate training, its doctors allowed only to observe medical practice.And doctors in foundation year 2 will be "career tourists," spending too little time in each specialty to be able to offer much service in return.Medical educationalists should realise that nurses and other paramedical groups are encroaching on traditional medical practice and do not seem to need the sort of extended training we demand of medical students.For example, a six week course apparently enables paramedics to administer safely almost all drugs used in emergency practice.By contrast we seem intent on postponing the time at which our bright and enthusiastic young doctors can start treating patients.Five years is quite long enough to learn the theory of medicine.After that, the sooner young doctors are allowed to start treating patients, in a supervised setting, the better.
EXPERIMENTAL FIBROIDS AND THE ANTIFIBROMATOGENIC ACTION OF STEROID HORMONES
Authors: ALEXANDER LIPSCHUTZ
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Not being a gynecologist or an obstetrician, I feel obliged to offer my apologies for presenting a paper on experimental fibroids and their prevention in this section inspired by practical aims which might be of use to suffering womanhood. Let me express my apology in the words of a great American. Almost one hundred and fifty years ago, a few days before the final treaty of independence with England was signed, Franklin saw in Paris the first balloon ascension. The spectators argued about the utility of the experiment. What good, some skeptic asked, could a balloon be? What good, Franklin replied, was a newborn baby? Obstetricians and gynecologists will be the first to appreciate or not the claims of the scientific newborn babies, which experimental fibroids and antifibromatogenic steroids are. Subserous uterine fibroids were first elicited in the United States by W. O. Nelson in a number of guinea pigs
PATTERNS OF RENAL ABNORMALITIES DETECTED ON BONE IMAGING STUDIES
Authors: H. R. Neely, L. R. Witherspoon, S. E. Shuler
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

LSU Medical Center in Shreveport, Louisiana. This exhibit will consist of multiple cases of renal scintigraphy. Response to IV Lasix will be documented. Cases will have clinical correlations and current IVP's.
Persistently Positive 99m Tc-Pyro phosphate Myocardial Scintigram in a Patient with a Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: R CHARLES CURRY, W M JACKMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A 50-year-old man with a calcified left ventricular aneurysm demonstrated positive myocardial scintigrams over a 16 month period. This case documents that in the absence of an acute myocardial infarction an aneurysm can be associated with persistently positive scintigram.
Libel reforms are inadequate, conference hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government’s plans for reform of the libel laws in England and Wales will do little to tackle the high costs and delays that are the real causes of the chilling effect on free speech, say experts in libel.

The proposals will not reduce the ability of claimants to use bullying tactics to deter the publication of material that should be published in the public interest, lawyers argued at a meeting on the government’s draft Defamation Bill held by the Westminster Legal Policy Forum, a cross government forum aimed at raising debate on legal policy.

The bill amends the substantive law, but media lawyers said that what is really needed was reform of libel procedures that …
The new Back to Basics section: emerging concepts in basic and translational medicine
Authors: Melanie Königshoff
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

One of the main pillars of the new Back to Basics section will be translational review articles on basic science topics, which will cover exciting scientific advances in all fields of respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery.Recent developments and novel concepts will be put into context and new strategies, but also limitations and possibly translational gaps, will be outlined for a better understanding of prevention, diagnosis or
Relation of Dieting and Voluntary Weight Loss to Psychological Functioning and Binge Eating
Authors: G. Terence Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Voluntary weight loss in obese patients consistently reduces negative emotions such as depression and anxiety in the short term. Dieting by persons of normal weight is associated with low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Dieting is linked to the development and maintenance of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, although the precise nature of this association is unclear. Dieting cannot be a sufficient causal condition and must combine with other still undetermined vulnerabilities to cause eating disorders. Identification of these risk factors must precede the development of effective programs to prevent eating disorders.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Secondary to
Authors: Herbert Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A patient with a severe and rapidly disabling carpal tunnel syndrome due to<i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i>responded well to surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel and subsequent antituberculous drug therapy. Surgical treatment alone had failed when the infectious nature of the process was not appreciated. Extrapulmonary infection with atypical mycobacteria may occur without pulmonary disease. It is important to obtain material to culture for acid-fast bacteria in undiagnosed soft tissue inflammations.
Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase in relation to the outcome of acute hepatitis type B.
Authors: A Alberti, S Diana, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1979)

Serum levels of hepatitis B virus specific DNA polymerase and hepatitis B e antigen were studied serially in 34 patients with hepatitis B virus infection--20 who had the acute illness and recovered, seven who died with fulminant disease, three who died as a result of subacute hepatic necrosis, and four who went on to develop chronic active hepatitis. DNA polymerase activity was present in 16 (80%) and HBeAg in 13 (65%) of the uncomplicated cases at presentation and in all of those patients from whom the initial sample was obtained before the peak in aminotransferase. Both markers disappeared after 30 days from the onset but DNAP remained persistently positive during a follow-up period of four to 10 months in the four patients who progressed to chronic hepatitis. These results indicate that DNAP and HBeAg are transiently present in all cases of acute hepatitis B. Only their persistence after the acute episode could represent a useful prognostic marker of chronically. In this respect, DNAP was more reliable in our patients than HBeAg. In uncomplicated acute hepatitis, the peak in DNAP levels, which defines the time of maximum virus replication in the liver, preceded the peak in aminotransferase levels. Among the 10 patients who developed massive liver damage after hepatitis B infection, DNAP was detected in five of the seven with fluminant hepatitis, with enzyme levels that were comparable with those observed in uncomplicated acute hepatitis and presentation, but not in the cases of subacute hepatic necrosis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that in hepatitis B infection, liver damage, whatever the severity, is not directly related to the degree of virus replication.
Association Between Colonic Diverticular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Wen–Yen Huang, Che–Chen Lin, Yee–Min Jen, Yen–Jung Chang, Cheng–Wen Hsiao, Muh–Hwa Yang, Chun–Shun Lin, Fung–Chang Sung, Ji–An Liang, Chia–Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Body Build, Running, and Mortality
Authors: Jay N. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We disagree with the concurrence of Dr Bassler with the editorial of Samuel Vaisrub, MD (1980;243:1844). Apparently, the groups at the extreme poles studied (the leanest and the fattest) are at risk of excess mortality. This does not call for Dr Bassler's endorsement of, "corpulence"—in runners or others. A dietary history of these lean runners might have uncovered serious deficits in vitamins, minerals, and other vital nutrients. No dietary history is given. "Self-imposed low-fat diet[s]" may be badly flawed. A well-conceived, sensible, low-fat diet can be beneficial to a person's health (and running). We consider it a mistake to promote obesity based on a handful of case studies lacking good dietary histories (especially in light of the fact that all three people had previous histories of cardiac problems before their deaths). Based on existing information, a low-fat diet is healthier than a high-fat diet.
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE PATHOLOGICAL LESION UPON THE MULTIPLICATION OF PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)
Authors: Frank L. Horsfall, Harold S. Ginsberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The rate of multiplication of PVM in the mouse lung is relatively constant, averaging 7.9-fold per day with but slight variations, irrespective of the amount of virus inoculated. Similarly, the rate of increase in the amount of pneumonia is relatively constant, averaging 4.7-fold per day, even though the quantity of virus inoculated is varied over a wide range. It follows that viral multiplication proceeds 1.7 times more rapidly than does extension of the pathological lesion, both reaching limiting maximal values in periods which are predictable from the amount of virus inoculated. From the concentration of virus determined at any time during the incremental period, the amount of pneumonia present earlier or later in the incremental period can be computed with considerable precision. The results support the postulate that the extent of the pathological lesion is dependent upon the degree of viral multiplication.
Paterson-Kelly Lesion
Authors: A. L. Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Whether and how delirium and sleep quality in the intensive care unit (ICU) are linked remains unclear. A recent randomised trial reported nocturnal low-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX) significantly reduces incident ICU delirium. Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) scores were similar between intervention (DEX; n=50) and control (placebo (PLA); n=50) groups. We measured the association between morning LSEQ and delirium occurrence in the prior 24 hours (retrospective analysis) and the association between morning LSEQ and delirium occurrence in the following 24 hours (predictive analysis). <h3>Design</h3> Post hoc analysis of randomised controlled trial data. <h3>Participants</h3> Adult ICU patients (n=100) underwent delirium screening twice a day using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) if Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) was ≥−3 and patient-reported sleep quality evaluations at 09:00 daily with the LSEQ if RASS was ≥−1. <h3>Outcomes</h3> The analysis included all 24-hour study periods with LSEQ documentation and matched delirium screening in coma-free patients. Separate logistic regression models controlling for age, baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and DEX/PLA allocation evaluated the association between morning LSEQ and delirium occurrence for both retrospective and predictive analyses. <h3>Results</h3> The 100 patients spent 1115 24-hour periods in the ICU. Coma, delirium and no delirium occurred in 130 (11.7%), 114 (10.2%) and 871 (78.1%), respectively. In the retrospective analysis, when an LSEQ result was preceded by an ICDSC result (439/985 (44.6%) 24-hour periods), delirium occurred during 41/439 (9.3%) periods. On regression analysis, the LSEQ score had no relationship to prior delirium occurrence (OR (per every 1 point average LSEQ change) 0.97, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.31). For the predictive analysis, among the 387/985 (39.1%) 24-hour periods where an LSEQ result was followed by an ICDSC result, delirium occurred during 56/387 (14.5%) periods. On regression analysis, the LSEQ score did not predict subsequent delirium occurrence (OR (per 1 point LSEQ change) 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The sleep quality ICU patients perceive neither affects nor predicts delirium occurrence. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01791296
Role of respiratory viruses in childhood mortality.
Authors: M A Downham, P S Gardner, J McQuillin, J A Ferris
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Respiratory viruses have been identified at necropsy in the lungs of 13 out of 24 children who died with observed acute respiratory illness. The histological appearances of the lungs supported the association between virus and death in each of these 13 children and suggested an unidentified virus aetiology in a further five cases. Histological appearances compatible with bacterial infection were found in the lungs of only two of the 24 children. Similar virus and histological findings have been reported in about one-third of victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (cot deaths), indicating a rapid unobserved respiratory virus infection as the most likely mode of death in this group. Evidence that respiratory viruses may be involved in a larger proportion of sudden unexpected deaths, perhaps as antigens in a hypersensitivity reaction, is discussed. Respiratory viruses seem the major identifiable agents contributing to the maintenance of the postneonatal mortality rate since acute respiratory illness and the sudden infant death syndrome together account for about two-thirds of deaths at this age.
Is Liam Donaldson the new José Mourinho?
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<i>In an audio interview available on bmj.com England9s chief medical officer, <b>Liam Donaldson</b>, told <b>Sue MacGregor</b> why doctors should be appointed rather than elected to the GMC and why his job is like managing a top football team</i>
Educational Attainment in Survivors of ALL-Reply
Authors: Lonnie Zeltzer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The skewed age distribution is not due to an atypical sample or to poorer survival of younger children, but is due simply to the fact that ALL survival started to improve only during the 1970s. Thus, by 1989, when the interview was conducted, subjects treated at a young age were still not old enough to be eligible. Since we were interested in events of adulthood, we would have to wait another 10 years, until 1999, for the survival cohort to resemble an incidence cohort. With regard to the concern about the measures of scholastic achievement, we expect that the "rigor of academic programs" would be equally distributed across survivors and controls, especially because so many different schools are represented across many states in this study. We did not attempt to obtain verification of subjects' reported grades in school; in fact, the reliability of self-report data should be equally
167 Detection of HCV antigens as a unique tool to identify hcv infection of liver graft: Relevance to the management of recurrent post liver transplant hepatitis C
Authors: A. Grassi, M. Susca, C. Quarneti, M. Ravaioli, F. Bianchini, A. D'Errico, M. Tamè, F. Piscaglia, P. Andreone, G.L. Grazi, S. Galli, D. Zauli, A.D. Pinna, E.B. Bianchi, G. Ballardini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Better regulation of food industry is needed to improve health, experts say
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Food policy experts have called for the state to regulate the industry and not to shy away from taxation as an alternative to the current UK government’s “nudge” approach to public health.

Fifty two per cent of delegates attending London City University’s second annual symposium on the future direction of UK food policy voted for the state to take a stronger leadership role.

The vote at the symposium, attended by 190 delegates, followed a discussion from panellists including industry representatives David Croft, director of food technology at supermarket chain Waitrose, and Melanie Leach, director of the Food and Drink Federation.

Ms Leach said the food …
Scurvy
Authors: Ihsan Dogramaci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

SCURVY is still a reasonably frequent disease in pediatric practice. This is a disquieting fact that should cause concern to all responsible for the health of infants, inasmuch as the disease can so easily and effectively be prevented. The purpose of this report is to place on record the large number of cases seen in the Infants' and Children's hospitals during the last decade, to analyze the causes of inadequate intake of ascorbic acid and to suggest measures possibly leading to a decrease of the incidence of scurvy.At least 241 clinically typical cases of scurvy were seen in these . . .