tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The origin, fate, and health effects of combustion by-products: a research framework.
Authors: Maureen D Avakian, Barry Dellinger, Heidelore Fiedler, Brian Gullet, Catherine Koshland, Stellan Marklund, Günter Oberdörster, Stephen Safe, Adel Sarofim, Kirk R Smith, David Schwartz, William A Suk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Incomplete combustion processes can emit organic pollutants, metals, and fine particles. Combustion by-products represent global human and environmental health challenges that are relevant not only in heavily industrialized nations, but also in developing nations where up to 90% of rural households rely on unprocessed biomass fuels for cooking, warmth, and light. These issues were addressed at the Seventh International Congress on Combustion By-Products, which convened 4-6 June 2001 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. This congress included a diverse group of multidisciplinary researchers and practitioners who discussed recent developments and future goals in the control of combustion by-products and their effects of exposure on human and ecologic health. Participants recommended that interdisciplinary, coordinated research efforts should be focused to capitalize on the important potential synergisms between efforts to reduce the adverse human health effects linked to exposures to combustion by-products and broader efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save energy through efficiency. In this article we summarize the principal findings and recommendations for research focus and direction.
P742Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-anti-inflammatory properties of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in vascular endothelial cells under proinflammatory conditions
Authors: M Massaro, E Scoditti, MA Carluccio, R Martinelli, T Buonuomo, V Gatta, C Storelli, R De Caterina
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

A high intake of the omega-3 polynsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects and cardiovascular protection, but the underlying molecular basis remains incompletely defined. Using a DNA microarray technology we investigated the early gene expression profile of human vascular endothelium conditioned by DHA under pro-inflammatory conditions.

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with 50 μmol/L DHA for 48 hours and then stimulated with 5 ng/mL IL-1β for 3 hours. Total RNA was extracted, and qualitatively/quantitatively analyzed with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and an Agilent Bioanalyzer before RNA labeling and purification. Gene expression profile was performed with an Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray covering 41 000 unique genes and transcripts. Slides were scanned with the Agilent's scanner and images processed using Agilent Feature Extraction software. The raw data were further processed with the GeneSpring® 10 software and differentially expressed RNA identified using Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate with a P-value <0.05. Functional and network analyses were identified by the Ingenuity Pathways version 8.0 Analysis.

Results: Fixing a significance threshold at 1.5 fold of change, DHA alone significantly altered the expression of 188 genes, down-regulating 92 and up-regulating 96. IL-1β significantly changed the expression of 2031 genes, down-regulating 997 and up-regulating 1034. Treatment with DHA, before IL-1 significantly affected the expression of 116 IL-1β -deregulated genes. Immunological, inflammatory and metabolic pathways were the most affected. In particular, newly identified DHA-regulated genes were involved in stemness, cellular growth and proliferation, cardiovascular system development and function, and cancer. These included cytochrome p450 4F2 (CYP4F2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, caspase recruitment domain (CARD)11, and the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A.

Conclusions: Endothelial exposure to DHA regulates several novel genes and related pathways. Such unbiased identification improves our understanding of mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs may affect human diseases.
Renal abnormalities in sickle-cell ?-thalassemia
Authors: Moses Elisaf, Kostas Katopodis, Kostas C. Siamopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

To the Editor: Mutations in the factor XI gene are responsible for a variable bleeding phenotype which correlates poorly with levels of circulating FXI product.We read with interest and concern an article published recently describing a novel nonsense mutation [1].The authors state in their discussion that "eighteen causative mutations of the congenital FXI deficiency have been reported: three nonsense mutations, ten missense mutations, and five splicing site abnormalities.Three nonsense mutations are located in exons 5 and 7, which truncate the proteins in the middle of the second and third apple domains, respectively".To our knowledge, prior to the publication of their paper, only two nonsense mutations had been described for the FXI gene, both in exon 5 [2,3].No nonsense mutation has been described in exon 7. Also, only three splicing site abnormalities have been described, not five [2,4] (Table I).Additionally, an important omission was the 14-bp type IV deletion described in Askenazi Jews [5].
Identification of K-ras Mutations in Pancreatic Juice
Authors: Phillippe Berthelemy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 June 1996Identification of K-ras Mutations in Pancreatic JuicePhillippe Berthelemy, MD, Michele Bouisson, PhD, and Lucien Pradayrol, PhDPhillippe Berthelemy, MDInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; F31054 Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, Michele Bouisson, PhDInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; F31054 Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and Lucien Pradayrol, PhDInstitut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; F31054 Toulouse, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Gutiirrez and colleagues that pancreatic cancer is a multistep process involving several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Pancreatic cancer, however, is the human tumor with the highest incidence of ras mutations identified to date [1]. Furthermore, the finding of mutations exclusively affecting codon 12 in the K-ras gene was unexpected, given the results of previous experimental carcinogenesis studies. Until recently, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer was poor compared with our knowledge of the mechanisms of colon cancer. At least two different factors make this research difficult. First, most animal models, except ...References1. Almoguera C, Shibata D, Forrester K, Martin J, Arnheim N, Perucho M. Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras gene. Cell. 1988; 53:549-54. Google Scholar2. Caldas C, Hahn SA, da Costas LT, Redson MS, Scutte M, Seymour AB, et al. Frequent somatic mutations and homozygous deletions of the p16(MTS1) gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Nature Gen. 1994; 8:27-32. Google Scholar3. Berrozpe G, Schaeffer J, Peinado MA, Real FX, Perucho M. Comparative analysis of mutations in the p53 and K-ras genes in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 1994; 58:185-91. Google Scholar4. Caldas C, Kern SE. K-ras mutation and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Pancreatol. 1995; 18:1-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Phillippe Berthelemy, MD; Michele Bouisson, PhD; Lucien Pradayrol, PhDAffiliations: Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale; F31054 Toulouse, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byValues of mutations of K-ras oncogene at codon 12 in detection of pancreatic cancer: 15-year experience 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11Page: 1014-1015KeywordsCancer geneticsCancer treatmentMedical risk factorsMolecular biologyMutationOncogenesPancreatic cancerPatientsSomatic mutationTumor suppressor genes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute Granulocytic Leukemia in Elderly Patients
Authors: Clara D. Bloomfield, Athanasios Theologides
Journal: JAMA (1973)

We reviewed 134 cases of acute granulocytic leukemia in adult patients in three age groups. There were no differences among groups in the nature of onset, initial physical findings, morphologic characteristics, hematologic indices, complications, causes of death, or survival. While patients under 40 years responded more frequently to vigorous chemotherapy, responders over 60 years had equally long remissions and survivals. Patients aged 41 to 60 and 61 to 86 responded equally well. Prospective studies of vigorous chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute leukemia are warranted.
Spain to review role of pharmacists in chronic disease management
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The General Assembly of Spain's Organisation of Medical Colleges (OMC) has set up an expert commission to investigate recent allegations of pharmacists “meddling” with doctors' tasks. Recommendations from the commission, which will include a review of the competences of both professions, will be passed on to the health ministry for further action.

The problems stem …
Thyroid Hormones in Relation to Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium Exposure in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2008
Authors: Aimin Chen, Stephani S. Kim, Ethan Chung, Kim N. Dietrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), are known toxicants, but their associations with the thyroid axis have not been well quantified at U.S. background levels.Objectives: We investigated the relationships between thyroid hormones (total and free thyroxine [TT4 and FT4], total and free triiodothyronine [TT3 and FT3], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], and thyroglobulin [Tg]) and levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd in blood and Cd in urine.Methods: We separately analyzed a sample of 1,109 adolescents (12–19 years of age) and a sample of 4,409 adults from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2008. We estimated associations after adjusting for age, sex, race, urinary iodine, body mass index, and serum cotinine.Results: The geometric mean (GM) levels of blood Pb (BPb), total Hg, and Cd were 0.81 µg/dL, 0.47 µg/L, and 0.21 µg/L in adolescents and 1.43 µg/dL, 0.96 µg/L, and 0.38 µg/L in adults, respectively. The GMs of urinary Cd were 0.07 and 0.25 µg/g creatinine in adolescents and adults, respectively. No consistent pattern of metal and thyroid hormone associations was observed in adolescents. In adults, blood Hg was inversely related to TT4, TT3, and FT3 and urinary Cd was positively associated with TT4, TT3, FT3, and Tg, but there were no associations with Pb. Associations were relatively weak at an individual level, with about 1–4% change in thyroid hormones per interquartile range increase in Hg or Cd.Conclusions: Our analysis suggests an inverse association between Hg exposure and thyroid hormones, and a positive association between Cd exposure and thyroid hormones in adults.
More Trouble for Medicus.
Authors: J. W. Elkins
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Boston, March 26, 1894. <h3>To the Editor</h3> :—It was with great regret that I saw the article signed by " Medicus " which appeared in yourJournalof this week's issue. Whether or not the Code was violated in accepting the advertisements referred to, I will not discuss, but it appears to me that " Medicus " lacks very much in ethics and you, Mr. Editor, showed a great lack of discretion in allowing such an abusive article to appear. " Medicus " does not show very much logic in being personally abusive and bringing up the race question in a purely medical discussion. A physician and a gentleman ought not to resort to such methods. Why does not " Medicus " sign his name to his article? Is he afraid—or perhaps he has some interest in those new and wonderful remedies? Or perhaps he is a boomer to the syrup of figs cure.
Increased levels of circulating endothelial cells in chronic periaortitis as a marker of active disease
Authors: Gabriella Moroni, Nicoletta Del Papa, Lorenza Mazzeo Moronetti, Claudio Vitali, Wanda Maglione, Denise P. Comina, Francesca Urgnani, Sandro Sandri, Claudio Ponticelli, Agostino Cortelezzi
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Bleomycin-Induced Flagellate Erythema
Authors: Yi-Bin Chen, Aliyah Rahemtullah, Eric Breeden, Ephraim P. Hochberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

surgery with negative surgical margins is the most successful primary treatment modality.The role of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of desmoid tumors still remains unclear.Responses to single-agent doxorubicin chemotherapy have been reported, 2 as well as responses to combination chemotherapy at either standard or relatively low doses. 3,4 Despite these different treatment modality approaches, desmoid tumors represent the major cause of death in patients with FAP undergoing prophylactic colectomy. 5Intra-abdominal desmoid tumors remain asymptomatic for long periods, and the initial symptoms are usually due to intestinal, vascular, or ureteric compression and obstruction.Exceptionally, there are a few cases in the literature with invasion of desmoid tumor into the bowel wall, resulting in fistula formation and suspected translocation of intestinal bacteria to the tumor with abscess formation. 6,7Percutaneous drainage has been the initial method of treatment in each case.Furthermore, intra-abdominal abscesses and other nonischemic abdominal conditions have been rarely associated with hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG). 8 The mechanism for the appearance of gas in the portal vein is not well understood.In contrast to mesenteric ischemia, these cases are generally associated with a favorable outcome without surgery.To our knowledge, HPVG associated with intra-abdominal desmoid tumors has not been reported.We report a rare complication of an abdominal wall desmoid tumor with intratumor abscess formation and secondary massive hepatic pneumatosis.Complications such as intra-abdominal infections should be taken into consideration in patients with abdominal desmoid tumors.
Effective diabetes care: a need for realistic targets
Authors: P. H Winocour
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The research based metabolic and blood pressure targets that the national service framework for diabetes in England and Wales will set in the implementation document will be impractical for use in routine clinical care: targets need to be tailored to the individual patient, according to Peter Winocour

The publication of the national service framework for diabetes in England and Wales will raise public awareness of diabetes throughout the United Kingdom. Its recommendations are influenced by evidence that adverse vascular outcomes may be reduced by tight control of blood sugar and blood pressure1–3 and that secondary prevention of macrovascular disease is feasible through modification of dyslipidaemia and use of antiplatelet agents4–7w1; and by the recognition of an estimated doubling in incidence of diabetes over the next 10 years.8

This has led to the production of guidelines for optimal care that may be incorporated into a nationally recommended standardised approach, with targets for metabolic and vascular variables and recommendations for certain therapies.9–11w2 The effectiveness and quality of healthcare systems are increasingly being measured by how well such standards are adhered to, and it is therefore vital that the targets are appropriate. The following discussion focuses on type 2 diabetes, since this is much more common than type 1 diabetes.

#### Summary points

Aggressive treatment of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension and regular use of antiplatelet agents has been advocated in type 2 diabetes

Current targets for glycaemia, lipids, and blood pressure are attainable in only 50-70% of individuals in research studies

The targets are often impractical and involve taking too many drugs, with which patients often will not comply

Individually tailored targets are needed, and their effectiveness will be shown by improvement in the range of metabolic and blood pressure measurements in diabetic …
Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with interpregnancy interval: cross sectional study
Authors: A. Conde-Agudelo
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study the impact of interpregnancy interval on maternal morbidity and mortality. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective cross sectional study with data from the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Centre for Perinatology and Human Development, Montevideo, Uruguay. <b>Setting:</b> Latin America and the Caribbean, 1985-97. <b>Participants:</b> 456 889 parous women delivering singleton infants. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Crude and adjusted odds ratios of the effects of short and long interpregnancy intervals on maternal death, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, third trimester bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum haemorrhage, puerperal endometritis, and anaemia. <b>Results:</b> Short (&lt;6 months) and long (&gt;59 months) interpregnancy intervals were observed for 2.8% and 19.5% of women, respectively. After adjustment for major confounding factors, compared with those conceiving at 18 to 23 months after a previous birth, women with interpregnancy intervals of 5 months or less had higher risks for maternal death (odds ratio 2.54; 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 5.38), third trimester bleeding (1.73; 1.42 to 2.24), premature rupture of membranes (1.72; 1.53 to 1.93), puerperal endometritis (1.33; 1.22 to 1.45), and anaemia (1.30; 1.18 to 1.43). Compared with women with interpregnancy intervals of 18 to 23 months, women with interpregnancy intervals longer than 59 months had significantly increased risks of pre-eclampsia (1.83; 1.72 to 1.94) and eclampsia (1.80; 1.38 to 2.32). <b>Conclusions:</b> Interpregnancy intervals less than 6 months and longer than 59 months are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes.
Environmental pollutants and the epidemiology of cancer.
Authors: C W Heath
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Cancer etiology involves the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Striking geographic differences and changes in cancer incidence over time have led epidemiologists to infer that probably the major etiologic component is environmental. Recent experiences with vinyl chloride, kepone, and polybrominated biphenyl illustrate the problems involved in epidemiologic studies of proven or suspected environmental carcinogens. While epidemiologic studies will continue to be an essential means for monitoring potential human risks, the long latent periods involved in human carcinogenesis severely limit the usefulness of such approaches for disease prevention. While in vitro and animal test systems can never fully supplant human studies, they represent our only means for detecting potential carcinogenicity before human exposure has become widespread or long established.
Mood Changes in Homesick Persons during a Holiday Trip
Authors: Miranda A.L. Van Tilburg, Ad.J.J.M. Vingerhoets, Guus L. Van Heck, Clemens Kirschblaum
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: Homesickness is generally studied with respect to rather uncommon long-lasting situations such as a (forced) move, while short stays away from home, like holidays, are much more common homesickness situations. Furthermore, little is known about the development and course of homesickness feelings. Therefore, the present multiple case study was designed in order to obtain a better insight into the onset and course of homesickness and patterns of mood changes, as well as saliva cortisol levels during a short stay away from home. Methods: Several times before, during and after their holiday, 10 adult homesick-prone females completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Homesickness Decision Tree (HDT) and a Subjective Homesickness Rating. In addition, saliva samples were obtained. Data were analyzed individually. Furthermore, days with and without homesickness were compared across individuals using t tests. Results: Using the HDT, the following typology, based upon four different reaction patterns, emerged: (1) no homesickness, (2) anticipation homesickness, (3) holiday homesickness, and (4) a combination of anticipation and holiday homesickness. POMS scores demonstrated significantly worsened mood when experiencing homesickness. Cortisol levels, however, failed to differ between days with and without homesickness. Conclusions: Homesickness is characterized by negative mood which is not necessarily reflected in significantly changed salivary cortisol levels. Feelings of homesickness are not only experienced during absence from home, but may occur also in anticipation to a leave. Future studies need to focus upon the prevalence, causes and consequences of the different types of homesickness.
Raised mean cell volume and meningoencephalitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Authors: P Kopelman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Swimming goggles causing severe eye injuriesIn 1976 in this hospital, which serves a population of about 1 5 million, we have seen three cases of severe eye injuries caused by a popular type of swimming goggle.The children affected were pulling the goggles forward in order to clear them of steam, when they slipped out of their wet fingers. Case reportsCase 1-A 1 3-year-old girl was hit in the right eye by a swimming goggle.On examination half an hour later the visual acuity of the injured eye was bare perception of light, but she was seeing 6 5 with the other eye.There was a penetrating corneosclcral injury, with some vitreous loss, iridodialysis, ruptured sphincter pupillae, flat anterior chamber, and dislocated lens.There was no view of the fundus because of hyphaema.The wound was sutured under general anasthesia the same day.The eye was treated with a pad, and topical cycloplegics and antibiotics, and later steroids, but remained irritable for several weeks.Some 13 weeks after the injury the eye had settled well and the wound had healed (see figure).The visual acuity at this stage was counting fingers at one foot, owing to dense cataract.Future treatment may improve this result, but some visual loss wrill be permanent.k-.Case 1.The injured eye 13 weeks after the accident.Case 2-A 13-year-old boy was hit in the right eye by a swimming goggle.On examination an hour later the visual acuity of this eye was 1/36 and inThe reagents for the prolactin assay were generously supplied by the National Pituitary Agency of the United States of America.