tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Internet is indeed useful source for patients with cancer
Authors: Julia M L Brotherton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Research on preventing road traffic injuries in developing countries is neededEditor-The dedication of the World Health Organization's World Health Day 2004 to road safety is recognition of the global threat of road traffic injuries.Increasing population size, vehicle ownership, road infrastructure, and transnational transportation have created a substantial public health burden.However, little epidemiological research has been conducted into preventing road traffic injuries in developing countries.Currently global research and development funding per disability adjusted life year for HIV, asthma, and blindness are $26.2,$10.8, and $5.4, respectively, while only $0.40 for road traffic injuries. 1 Epidemiological studies of successful interventions preventing road traffic injuries have been conducted in developed countries. 2But to assume the same effectiveness in developing countries is inappropriate because of behavioural, vehicular, and environmental differences.A pooled analysis of street lighting intervention data from developed countries shows a protective effect, 3 particularly in pedestrian injury (relative risk 0.56), the most common road traffic injuries in developing countries.Annually, 1.2 million deaths are attributed to road traffic crashes, 85% occurring in developing countries. 4If an intervention such as street lighting could reduce deaths by as much as 30%, there is a potential to save thousands of lives.Various international aid agencies are investing in road infrastructure development.These initiatives could be coupled with the need to develop concrete epidemiological data.Innovative strategies, such as step wedge study design, 5 could lead to the evolution of an evidence based public health approach to this problem.
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DAY HOSPITAL
Authors: T. J. BOAG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The day hospital is one of a series of experiments in devising new psychiatric treatment settings. It has been a useful and productive development. The models created in different centres differ widely in their general applicability, their clinical usefulness, and their theoretical interest. The first day hospital was set up at the Allan Memorial Institute in 1946, and in 1958 was reorganized to provide services in combinations matched to the individual patients and readily varied as necessary. Coincidentally a re-examination of its social structure led to an activity program which produced marked changes. These changes not only remedied current difficulties operating the day hospital but also greatly extended its range of usefulness.
5-HTT Binding in Recovered Depressed Patients and Healthy Volunteers: A Positron Emission Tomography Study With [ <sup>11</sup> C]DASB
Authors: Zubin Bhagwagar, Naga Murthy, Sudhakar Selvaraj, Rainer Hinz, Matthew Taylor, Sabrina Fancy, Paul Grasby, Philip Cowen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key target for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. It is now possible to image 5-HTT directly in the human brain, but results from studies of acutely depressed patients have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to determine whether abnormalities in 5-HTT might be present in recovered depressed patients. Method: The authors measured the binding potential of 5-HTT using [ 11 C]DASB in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) in 24 medication-free, recovered depressed male patients and 20 healthy male comparison subjects. The regional estimates of binding potential were obtained using a metabolite-corrected plasma input function method followed by Logan analysis, with the cerebellum as a reference region. Results: The authors found no significant difference in the binding potential of [ 11 C]DASB between the recovered depressed patients and healthy comparison subjects in any of the brain regions (amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, frontal cortex, hippocampus, insula, thalamus, and dorsal raphe) studied. Conclusions: Men who recover from depression have normal availability of 5-HTT in brain regions thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. The findings therefore do not support the proposal that recurrent depression is associated with long-standing deficits in 5-HTT.
Medical Care and Education in Australia
Authors: Creig S. Hoyt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the comments of Joseph A. Buckwaiter, MD, concerning medical care and education in Australia (239:2491, 1978). I noted that his overall impression of Australian medicine was favorable. I have recently completed a year in Australia where I was associated with university and medical centers in both Melbourne and Sydney. I would heartily agree with Dr Buckwalter in his overall conclusions. However, there are certain points that Dr Buckwalter did not raise in his comments that are perhaps germane to the current discussion for medical planning in the United States. In my role as Senior Lecturer of Ophthalmology at the University of Sydney, I was impressed that the general interest of registrars in training exceeded that of the general interest seen in even the best residency programs in this country. This is not due to any difference in quality of personnel. However, there is
Incidental Mammary Fibromyoblastoma on 82Rb Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau, Patrick Martineau, Ross A. Davies
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

82Rb is frequently used in PET myocardial perfusion imaging to detect ischemia. We present the case of a 64-year-old man referred for PET myocardial perfusion imaging to rule out ischemia. On PET images, an abnormal focus of uptake was present in the subcutaneous soft tissue overlying the right chest, which corresponded to a soft-tissue nodule on CT. This lesion was biopsied and proved to be a mammary fibromyoblastoma, an extremely rare and benign lesion. This case is presented to emphasize the importance of reviewing extracardiac structures on PET/CT myocardial perfusion studies.
Twenty-year protocol liver biopsies: Invasive but useful for the management of liver recipients
Authors: Mylène Sebagh, Didier Samuel, Teresa Maria Antonini, Audrey Coilly, Davide Degli Esposti, Bruno Roche, Vincent Karam, Alexandre Dos Santos, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Eric Ballot, Catherine Guettier, Frédérique Blandin, Faouzi Saliba, Daniel Azoulay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract A48: Demethylating agent 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine enhances susceptibility of breast cancer cells to anticancer agents
Authors: Sameer Mirza, Gayatri Sharma, Kalpana Luthra, Ranju Ralhan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA methylation plays an important role in regulation of gene expression and is increasingly being recognized as a determinant of chemosensitivity of human cancers. With the aim of improving the chemotherapeutic efficacy of breast carcinoma, the effect of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), on the chemosensitivity of anticancer drugs was investigated. The cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX), adriamycin (ADR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was analyzed against human breast cancer cell lines, MDA MB 231 and MCF 7 cell lines using the MTT assay, and the synergy of 5-aza-CdR and these agents was determined by Drewinko's fraction method. The effects of each single agent or the combined treatment on cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. We also investigated the effect of each single agent or the combined treatment of anticancer drugs with 5-aza-CdR on the methylation status of the selected genes by Methylation Specific PCR. In MDA MB 231 cells a synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed with a combination of 10 µM 5-aza-CdR and these 3 anticancer drugs, while in MCF 7 cells, a semiadditive effect was observed. Treatment with 5-aza-CdR and anticancer drug resulted in partial demethylation of a panel of genes including RAR 2, Slit2, GSTP1 and MGMT. Based on these findings, we propose that 5-aza-CdR enhances the chemosensitivity of anticancer drugs in breast cancer cells and may be a promising approach for increasing the chemotherapeutic potential of these anticancer agents for more effective management of breast carcinomas. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A48.
Two Girls at the Piano
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ophthalmic artery resistance index is increased in HIV-Infected patients and is influenced by protease inhibitors exposure
Authors: Massimiliano Fabbiani, Pierfrancesco Grima, Alberto Borghetti, Manuela Colafigli, Alessandro D'Avino, Annalisa Mondi, Roberta Gagliardini, Andrea De Luca, Roberto Cauda, Simona Di Giambenedetto
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
TCT-639 Impact Of The Length Of Bare Metal Stent On Clinical Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Current Clinical Practice
Authors: Ignacio Sanchez-Perez, Alfonso Jurado-Roman, Maria T. Lopez-Lluva, Natalia Pinilla, Manuel Marina-Breysse, Jesus Piqueras-Flores, Pilar Agudo-Quilez, Fernando Lozano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Molecular pathways of early CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with CD34-positive common precursor cells by flow cytometric cell-sorting and gene expression profiling
Authors: S Machherndl-Spandl, S Suessner, M Danzer, J Proell, C Gabriel, J Lauf, R Sylie, H-U Klein, M C Béné, A Weltermann, P Bettelheim
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Special attention has recently been drawn to the molecular network of different genes that are responsible for the development of erythroid cells. The aim of the present study was to establish in detail the immunophenotype of early erythroid cells and to compare the gene expression profile of freshly isolated early erythroid precursors with that of the CD34-positive (CD34(+)) compartment. Multiparameter flow cytometric analyses of human bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions (n=20) defined three distinct early erythroid stages. The gene expression profile of sorted early erythroid cells was analyzed by Affymetrix array technology. For 4524 genes, a differential regulation was found in CD105-positive erythroid cells as compared with the CD34(+) progenitor compartment (2362 upregulated genes). A highly significant difference was observed in the expression level of genes involved in transcription, heme synthesis, iron and mitochondrial metabolism and transforming growth factor-β signaling. A comparison with recently published data showed over 1000 genes that as yet have not been reported to be upregulated in the early erythroid lineage. The gene expression level within distinct pathways could be illustrated directly by applying the Ingenuity software program. The results of gene expression analyses can be seen at the Gene Expression Omnibus repository.
Health secretary loses court battle over Lewisham Hospital
Authors: C. Dyer, I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Court of Appeal has ruled that England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, did not have the power to close accident and emergency services at Lewisham Hospital in southeast London.

Hunt went to the appeal court on Monday 28 October to fight against a High Court ruling in summer stopping him closing the services at Lewisham.1 Hunt was arguing that the High Court judge Mr Justice Silber erred in law last July when he quashed Hunt’s decision to downgrade the hospital’s accident and emergency and maternity units.2

Hunt made the decision to downgrade the Lewisham services after a recommendation by …
Discrimination against Rhodesian Nurses
Authors: P. Diggory
Journal: BMJ (1973)

dose, adjuvant has been reintroduced, and the recommended schedule for the vaccination of children has been changed.In Israel a similar improvement in the efficacy of pertussis vaccine has been noted,7 but with fewer accompanying changes.In that country the improvement dates from 1968, when the inclusion of agglutinogen 3 in their vaccine was ensured.The earlier vaccine, which gave unsatisfactory protection, did, however, contain adjuvant and it also achieved a mouse-protective potency of four international units per human dose.8Moreover, the vaccination schedule in Israel has not been altered.The one feature common to the improvements in British and Israeli vaccines is that their manufacturers now make deliberate attempts to ensure that their products contain enough agglutinogen 3.But ought our hopes for the wellbeing of vaccinated children to be based merely on the good-will of present well-informed staff, adequate though this proves to be at present?Or should we for- mulate requirements which would ensure that present knowledge is not forgotten?To conclude: though there is evidence that for some years before 1967 the pertus- sis vaccine of Glaxo Laboratories was less effective than that of Wellcome La;boratories, there is ample reason to believe that this does not apply to vaccine made during the last six years.There is also further evidence that effective pertussis vaccines are those that con- tain sufficient agglutinogen 3.
Diagnosis of Cushing Disease
Authors: O. D. Bruno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters15 November 1990Diagnosis of Cushing DiseaseO. D. Bruno, MD, M. A. Rossi, MD, L. N. Contreras, MDO. D. Bruno, MDSearch for more papers by this author, M. A. Rossi, MDSearch for more papers by this author, L. N. Contreras, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-807_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In their diagnosis and treatment article, Kaye and Crapo (1) thoroughly reviewed the advances made in the diagnostic evaluation of the Cushing syndrome. They concluded that the overnight high-dose dexamethasone test (2, 3) combined with plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) measurements would be the procedure of choice in the etiologic evaluation, were its utility for use in outpatients proved. They stressed, however, that the test was done in hospitalized patients in one study (2), whereas the conditions under which it was done were not stated in another study (3). To clarify that point, we (the investigators in the latter...References1. KayeCrapo TL. The Cushing syndrome: an update on diagnostic tests. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:434-44. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TyrrellFindlingAronFitzgeraldForsham JJDPP. An overnight high-dose dexamethasone suppression test for rapid differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104: 180-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BrunoRossiContreras OML. Nocturnal high-dose dexamethasone suppression test in the aetiological diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1985;105:158-62. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital de Clinicas University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1990Volume 113, Issue 10Page: 807-807KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneBlood plasmaOutpatients Issue Published: 15 November 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Origins of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Daniel Roach, Paul Malik, Mary Lou Koshman, Robert Sheldon
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We propose that heart period sequences are linearly organized, like sentences, and that there is a lexicon of recurrent, similarly shaped transient structures like words. Each word (or lexon) has a characteristic physiological basis. One potential lexon is the transient, reversible tachycardia that is induced by exercise initiation under laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that this lexon was inducible and observable on ambulatory ECGs of most or all subjects, was morphologically similar in both induced and detected bursts, and shared a plausible origin in both circumstances. Methods and Results —Ten healthy subjects (mean age, 36 years) underwent a protocol in which subjects rolled themselves from supine to lateral decubitus positions and back. Transient tachycardias (“bursts”) were seen in 36 of 40 rollovers. Bursts were characterized by an initial monoexponential heart period decay ( K =0.39±0.23 s −1 ), a maximum heart period decrease of 277±109 ms after 10.8±4.5 seconds, and a subsequent return to baseline 23.3±10.8 seconds after roll initiation. The roll-induced bursts were detected with 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity with a search algorithm that incorporated morphological parameters. In 24-hour ambulatory ECGs of 10 healthy subjects (mean age, 38 years; range, 17 to 69 years), 117±59 bursts were detected. Induced and detected bursts were similar in most morphological parameters. Finally, many bursts occurred at night, when rolling over also occurs. Conclusions —Bursts are inducible, transient tachycardias that occur clinically and constitute a lexon with an understandable physiology.
Hypochondriasis and Somatization
Authors: Robert Kellner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Between 60% and 80% of healthy individuals experience somatic symptoms in any one week. About 10% to 20% of a random sample of people worry intermittently about illness. A substantial proportion of patients present physicians with somatic complaints for which no organic cause can be found. Patients who are hypochondriacal do not understand the benign nature of functional somatic symptoms and interpret these as evidence of disease. Hypochondriacal concerns range from common short-lived worries to persistent and distressing fears or convictions of having a disease. Hypochondriasis can be secondary to other psychiatric disorders (eg, melancholia or panic disorder), and hypochondriacal attitudes remit when the primary disorder is successfully treated. Patients with primary hypochondriasis are also anxious or depressed, but the fear of disease, or the false belief of having a disease, persists and is the most important feature of their psychopathology. There are substantial differences among hypochondriacal patients in their personalities and psychopathologies. Psychotherapy as well as psychotropic drugs are effective in the treatment of functional somatic symptoms. There are no adequate controlled studies on the value of psychotherapy in hypochondriasis; the recommended guidelines are based on uncontrolled studies of hypochondriasis and on controlled studies of the psychotherapy in similar disorders. The prognosis of functional somatic symptoms as well as that of hypochondriasis is good in a substantial proportion of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2718-2722)
THE PHLOGISTIC ROLE OF C3 LEUKOTACTIC FRAGMENTS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTS OF RATS
Authors: Jeffrey H. Hill, Peter A. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

An improved method is described for extraction from rat myocardium of an enzyme that cleaves the third component of complement (C3) into leukotactic fragments. Direct cleavage of C3 has been shown by the use of a radiolabeled preparation of human C3. The enzyme elutes slightly beyond (retarded to) an albumin marker in gel filtration. After surgical ligation of a coronary artery, leukotactic activity can be extracted from infarcted rat myocardium. Described in terms of its time of appearance in infarcted tissue, the leukotactic activity has been identified as cleavage products of rat C3. The C3 fragments are of low molecular weight and heterogenous in size. Rats, if treated with the C3 inactivator (isolated from cobra venom) so as to ablate serum C3, fail to develop leukotactic activity in the infarcted myocardium. In turn, few if any of the usual intense accumulations of neutrophils in response to infected myocardium are seen during the first 48 hr after coronary artery ligation. These studies suggest a nonimmunologic role for C3 in the mediation of the acute inflammatory response in nonspecific tissue injury.
Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease.
Authors: F J Romero, F Bosch-Morell, M J Romero, E J Jareño, B Romero, N Marín, J Romá
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is a free radical-related process that in biologic systems may occur under enzymatic control, e.g., for the generation of lipid-derived inflammatory mediators, or nonenzymatically. This latter form is associated mostly with cellular damage as a result of oxidative stress, which also involves cellular antioxidants in this process. This article focuses on the relevance of two LPO products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), to the pathophysiology of human disease. The former has been studied in human serum samples of hepatitis C virus-infected adults and human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. In these two cases it is shown that the specific assay of serum MDA is useful for the clinical management of these patients. The presence of MDA in subretinal fluid of patients with retinal detachment suggests the involvement of oxidative stress in this process. Moreover, we were able to report the dependence of this involvement on the degree of myopia in these patients. The assay of MDA contents in the peripheral nerves of rats fed a chronic alcohol-containing diet or diabetic mice also confirms the pathophysiologic role of oxidative stress in these experimental models. In these two cases, associated with an increase in tissue LPO products content, we detected a decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity in peripheral nerve, among other modifications. We have demonstrated that in vitro HNE is able to inhibit GSHPx activity in an apparent competitive manner, and that glutathione may partially protect and/or prevent this inactivation. The accumulation of LPO products in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease has also been described, and it is on the basis of this observation that we have tried to elucidate the role of oxidative stress and cellular antioxidants in beta-amyloid-induced apoptotic cell death of rat embryo neurons. Finally, we discuss the possible role of the observed vascular effects of HNE on human arteries.