tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gamma interferon limits access of Listeria monocytogenes to the macrophage cytoplasm.
Authors: D A Portnoy, R D Schreiber, P Connelly, L G Tilney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The effect of rIFN-gamma and rTNF on the fate of hemolytic and nonhemolytic (hly-) Listeria monocytogenes in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages was investigated. In untreated macrophages, approximately 80% of the hemolytic bacteria were killed during the first 2 h of incubation, but the survivors doubled between two and three times. In rIFN-gamma-treated macrophages, although the bacterial killing was identical to the controls during the first 2 h, there was no subsequent bacterial growth, and bactericidal activity continued for the duration of the experiment. rTNF has no affect by itself, but acted synergistically with rIFN-gamma to promote bacterial killing. Infected macrophages with or without rIFN-gamma were examined by EM. The results clearly showed that the role of rIFN-gamma was to prevent access of L. monocytogenes to the macrophage cytoplasm, which would prevent cell-to-cell spread of the bacteria. In addition, rIFN-gamma-treated macrophages exhibited enhanced digestive capacity of the intracellular bacteria.
TREATMENT OF SUBTROCHANTERIC, INTERTROCHANTERIC AND CERVICAL FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR
Authors: G. A. Hendon
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In treating cases of subtrochanteric, intertrochanteric and cervical fractures of the femur, I use a device made from beef bone which I call a key, and on which I rely exclusively for immobilization. In the subtrochanteric cases, a posterior padded board splint is used, extending from the gluteal fold beyond the heel to facilitate moving the patient and changing his position in bed. I now have a series of fifty-two cases; none of the patients have been confined to bed for more than four weeks. Union that permits walking on crutches is obtained in from three to four weeks. The following two cases are submitted, with illustrations, as examples. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Mrs. R., aged 80, was blown down by the wind on the street and sustained a subtrochanteric, comminuted fracture, as shown in figure 1<i>A</i>. She was operated on the next day, the fragments were sawed smooth, and a
Hypercholesterolemia in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Ta-Chen Su, Juey-Jen Hwang, Jia-Horng Kao
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Hypercholesterolemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is not consistently associated with preclinical carotid atherosclerosis.1 Although hypercholesterolemia has been docum...
Phospholipase C ε Modulates β-Adrenergic Receptor– Dependent Cardiac Contraction and Inhibits Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Huan Wang, Emily A. Oestreich, Naoya Maekawa, Tara A. Bullard, Karen L. Vikstrom, Robert T. Dirksen, Grant G. Kelley, Burns C. Blaxall, Alan V. Smrcka
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Phospholipase C (PLC) ε is a recently identified enzyme regulated by a wide range of molecules including Ras family small GTPases, Rho A, Gα 12/13 , and Gβγ with primary sites of expression in the heart and lung. In a screen for human signal transduction genes altered during heart failure, we found that PLCε mRNA is upregulated. Two murine models of cardiac hypertrophy confirmed upregulation of PLCε protein expression or PLCε RNA. To identify a role for PLCε in cardiac function and pathology, a PLCε-deficient mouse strain was created. Echocardiography indicated PLCε −/− mice had decreased cardiac function, and direct measurements of left ventricular contraction demonstrated that PLCε −/− mice had a decreased contractile response to acute isoproterenol administration. Cardiac myocytes isolated from PLCε −/− mice had decreased β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-dependent increases in Ca 2+ transient amplitudes, likely accounting for the contractile deficiency in vivo. This defect appears to be independent from the ability of the βAR system to produce cAMP and regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ pool size. To address the significance of these functional deficits to cardiac pathology, PLCε −/− mice were subjected to a chronic isoproterenol model of hypertrophic stress. PLCε −/− mice were more susceptible than wild-type littermates to development of hypertrophy than wild-type littermates. Together, these data suggest a novel PLC-dependent component of βAR signaling in cardiac myocytes responsible for maintenance of maximal contractile reserve and loss of PLCε signaling sensitizes the heart to development of hypertrophy in response to chronic cardiac stress.
Controlled Trial of Propranolol for the Prevention of Recurrent Variceal Hemorrhage in Patients with Cirrhosis
Authors: Andrew K. Burroughs, William J. Jenkins, Sheila Sherlock, Arthur Dunk, Robert P. Walt, Tom O. K. Osuafor, Steven Mackie, Robert Dick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We conducted a prospective randomized trial of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in 48 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. During a follow-up period of up to 21 months, 12 of 26 patients in the propranolol group and 11 of 22 in the control group had rebleeding from esophageal varices. There was no significant difference in rebleeding between the two groups. This contrasts with a previous report of the efficacy of propranolol in preventing recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis. The difference in results may be due to the inclusion in our study of patients with other causes of cirrhosis and more severe liver disease. Propranolol may not be indicated for the prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding in such patients, and we advocate that its use be limited at present to controlled clinical trials.
High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity After Prasugrel Loading Dose and Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Laurent Bonello, Michel Pansieri, Julien Mancini, Roland Bonello, Luc Maillard, Pierre Barnay, Philippe Rossi, Omar Ait-Mokhtar, Bernard Jouve, Frederic Collet, Jean Pascal Peyre, Olivier Wittenberg, Axel de Labriolle, Elise Camilleri, Edouard Cheneau, Elma Cabassome, Françoise Dignat-George, Laurence Camoin-Jau, Franck Paganelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
MicroRNA-140-5p suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by targeting transforming growth factor β receptor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 9 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hao Yang, Feng Fang, Ruimin Chang, Lianyue Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

By comparing the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subtypes, we identified miR-140-5p as an HCC-related miRNA. We found that miR-140-5p was significantly decreased in HCC tissues and all of six liver cancer cell lines examined and its expression levels were correlated with multiple nodules, vein invasion, capsular formation, and differentiation, as well as overall and disease-free survival of HCC. We also found that miR-140-5p suppressed HCC cell proliferation and HCC metastasis. Multipathway reporter arrays suggested that miR-140-5p inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and mitogen-activated protein kinase / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling. TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) were then characterized as the direct targets for miR-140-5p after it was found that ectopic miR-140-5p expression suppressed TGFBR1 and FGF9 expression. Silencing TGFBR1 and FGF9 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resembled the phenotype resulting from ectopic miR-140-5p expression, while overexpression of TGFBR1 and FGF9 attenuated the effect of miR-140-5p on HCC growth and metastasis.These data elucidated a tumor suppressor role for miR-140-5p in HCC development and progression with therapeutic potential. Our correlation studies in clinical HCC samples further suggest that miR-140-5p could be a valuable biomarker for HCC prognosis.
Laparoscopic Management of Duodenal Obstruction Resulting From Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Authors: Brian J. Pottorf, Farah A. Husain, H. Whitton Hollis, Edward Lin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Duodenal obstruction by compression from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) can be managed using minimally invasive techniques initially developed for bariatric patients requiring gastric bypass.This retrospective review evaluates 12 patients with SMA syndrome who were treated with laparoscopic enteric bypass. Technical considerations are presented in detail. The study group comprised 5 men and 7 women, with ages ranging from 21 to 65 years (mean, 36.8 years). Operative times ranged from 53 to 126 minutes (mean, 72.4 minutes). Mean length of hospital stay was 4.2 days (range, 3-7 days). Obstructive symptoms were improved or eliminated in 11 patients (92%). One patient required readmission for inadequate control of generalized abdominal pain. No patients in this series developed postoperative bowel obstruction, wound complications, or anastomotic leaks or died.Laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy is safe and effective and should be considered the optimal treatment for patients presenting with duodenal obstruction from SMA syndrome. Advances in minimally invasive surgery have demonstrated the safety and low morbidity of laparoscopically created enteric anastomoses. The shorter hospital stay, low morbidity, and high success of laparoscopic enteric bypass make this approach favorable to traditional open techniques.
League tables of in vitro fertilisation clinics misinform patients
Authors: R. Winston
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Marshall and Spiegelhalter have done a valuable service in questioning the reliability of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's league tables of in vitro fertilisation clinics.1 Unfortunately, the tables are probably even less reliable than these authors suggest.

The authority reports adjusted life birth rates, which are based mostly on the female patient's age. As the method of adjustment is unpublished one cannot judge whether the various factors are weighted correctly. Moreover, this adjustment does not embody all factors affecting outcome. These …
Gene-Based Intramuscular Interferon-β Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ritika Jaini, Drew Hannaman, Justin M. Johnson, Robert M. Bernard, Cengiz Z. Altuntas, Maida M. delasAlas, Pavani Kesaraju, Alain Luxembourg, Claire F. Evans, Vincent K. Tuohy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In contrast to serial injections of recombinant interferon-beta (IFN-beta) for long-term therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS), prolonged systemic delivery of proteins derived through in vivo gene transfer may provide a more clinically relevant alternative. Here we compare the therapeutic efficacies of electroporation (EP)-mediated intramuscular IFN-beta gene transfer with repeated alternate-day injections of recombinant IFN-beta after the onset of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model widely used in MS research. We show for the first time that a single EP-mediated intramuscular administration of 20 microg of an IFN-beta-expressing plasmid provides long-term expression of interferon-inducible genes and is therapeutic in ongoing established EAE. The achieved therapeutic effects of IFN-beta gene delivery were comparable to an 8-week regimen of 10,000 IU rIFN-beta injected every other day and involved a significant inhibition of disease progression and a significant reduction of EAE relapses compared to untreated or null-vector-treated mice. Our results indicate the viability of a convenient and effective gene-based alternative for long-term IFN-beta protein therapy in MS.
Pulmonary effects of acute exposure to nitrous fumes
Authors: G. R. Jones, A. T. Proudfoot, J. I. Hall
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Four cases of poisoning by nitrous fumes are reported. Three patients presented with pulmonary oedema, and one of these progressed to the phase of bronchiolitis obliterans; the fourth patient presented with the clinical features of bronchiolitis obliterans. Pulmonary function studies in both phases showed a predominantly restrictive pattern of ventilatory abnormality with a tendency to hypoxaemia, hypocapnia, and reduced transfer factor. Complete recovery followed prompt treatment with corticosteroids. It is emphasized that three of these four accidents were preventable.
Health in South Asia: Community worker programmes may be occasional local solution
Authors: Jean-Pierre Unger, Pierre de Paepe, Patricia Ghilbert
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Future of Kerala depends on its willingness to learn from pastEditor-The Kerala model in health, cited by Bhutta et al in the theme issue on health in South Asia as replicable for South Asian countries, 1 is facing serious threats.The state has a triple burden of communicable, non-communicable, and traumatic diseases.Stupendous growth of the private sector has resulted in skyrocketing healthcare costs.Lured by the hi tech sophistication of the private sector, people are abandoning basic principles of primary health care.Even poor people prefer private hospitals, and a major reason for sustaining poverty is healthcare cost. 2 The government is reducing its investments in health and education due to fiscal crises and pressure from funding and lending agencies.The opening up of the medical education sector to private entrepreneurs, lack of guidelines for the private practice of government doctors, and shortage of doctors for rural areas are all disturbing developments.Transfer of healthcare institutions under local self-governments is yet to show the desired benefits.The state is developing a long term plan, "Health Vision Kerala 2025," and a health policy.To equip the primary healthcare workforce to face the emerging challenges, 3 job responsibilities were redefined recently.Factors that determined the successful Kerala model, among others, include historically prevalent social justice, commitment of governments to health and education, land reforms, an organised public distribution system, streamlined primary health care, and an organised labour sector.Deterioration in these determinants is likely to have strong negative impact.Kerala should learn from its past to avoid the sad plight of some other Indian states.
Rib movement in health, kyphoscoliosis, and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: J. Jordanoglou
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Costal movement was defined on living subjects by determining the spatial vectors along the ribs that are produced during inspiration. The determination of these vectors was achieved with an instrument specially designed for this purpose. Rib movement was studied on 61 ribs in 10 normal subjects and on 35 ribs in six patients suffering from kyphoscoliosis and ankylosing spondylitis. In normal subjects during smooth inspiration all the ribs studied, which ranged from the 2nd to the 9th, rotated round a single axis. The direction of the inspiratory movement of the ribs was oblique, upward, outward, and forward, and symmetrical in both hemithoraces. This direction is compatible with rotation around the rib-neck axis but not with other axes that have been postulated. In ankylosing spondylitis and in kyphoscoliosis the magnitude of rib movement was reduced but movement still took place solely around the rib-neck axis. In the patients with kyphoscoliosis the direction of this movement was altered due to a change in the position of the rib neck.
Meningitis and Pancreatitis Associated with Sulfamethizole
Authors: Peter V. D. Barrett, Samuel O. Thier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

AMONG the reported toxic and allergic reactions to sulfonamide drugs, meningitis and pancreatitis must be classed as extremely rare. We were unable to find reports of either of these complications. The following case illustrates these and other unusual manifestations observed in a patient taking sulfamethizole.§Case ReportMrs. S.I., a 23-year-old Negro woman, was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital in June, 1961, for an abscess of Skene's glands. Culture of the abscess revealed coliform organisms, and she was treated with tetracycline.¶ She was instructed to take a 10-day course of sulfamethizole (2 gm. daily) after discharge from the hospital. . . .
Computer simulation of myocardial fibrillation using a one dimensional model of excitation and recovery processes
Authors: M. MALIK, A J. CAMM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

A computer model of cardiac excitation sequences and recovery processes has been employed to reproduce chaotic behaviour of the simulated tissue and to investigate how different variables of the model influence the degree of disorganisation in modelled episodes. The model emphasises the electrophysiological features of excitation transmission and repolarisation processes and introduces phenomena which are omitted or seriously simplified in most of the existing models of cardiac tissue electrophysiology. These phenomena include abnormal shapes of action potential curves corresponding to premature excitation of cells which have not fully recovered, excitation transmission based on transmembrane voltages, and the electrotonic interactions between neighbouring cells during their repolarisation phases. The model has been used to examine a one dimensional cable of simulated cells in which a central area with shortened refractoriness was used to enable the “reflection” processes to initiate conduction and repolarisation disturbances. In some cases, the chaotic nature of the reproduced episodes resembled fibrillation myocardium. The degree of the simulated chaos depended on different variables of the model. This study included a systematic evaluation of the influence of the shapes of action potential curves, of the threshold of transmembrane voltages initiating an excitation wave, of the degree of the electrotonic interactions of neighbouring cells, and of various combinations of these variables. The results showed that in this model, the maximum disorganisation was achieved when combining the negative influences of all variables, and that changing the shape of the action potential curves prevented the modelled chaos more fully than changes in the other variables.
Psycholinguistic processes affect fixation durations and orthographic information affects fixation locations: Can E-Z Reader cope?
Authors: Simon P. Liversedge, Sarah J. White
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

This commentary focuses on two aspects of eye movement behaviour that E-Z Reader 7 currently makes no attempt to explain: the influence of higher order psycholinguistic processes on fixation durations, and orthographic influences on initial and refixation locations on words. From our understanding of the current version of the model, it is not clear how it may be readily modified to account for existing empirical data.
Association of Incident Cardiovascular Disease With Progression of Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Hassan A. Chami, Helaine E. Resnick, Stuart F. Quan, Daniel J. Gottlieb
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Prospective data suggest that sleep-disordered breathing enhances risk for incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a reverse causal pathway whereby incident CVD causes or worsens sleep-disordered breathing has not been studied. Methods and Results— A total of 2721 Sleep Heart Health Study participants (mean age 62, standard deviation=10 years; 57% women; 23% minority) without CVD at baseline underwent 2 polysomnograms 5 years apart. Incident CVD events, including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke, were ascertained and adjudicated. The relation of incident CVD to change in apnea-hypopnea index between the 2 polysomnograms was tested with general linear models, with adjustment for age, sex, race, study center, history of diabetes mellitus, change in body mass index, change in neck circumference, percent sleep time spent in supine sleep, and time between the 2 polysomnograms. Incident CVD occurred in 95 participants between the first and second polysomnograms. Compared with participants without incident CVD, those with incident CVD experienced larger increases in apnea-hypopnea index between polysomnograms. The difference in adjusted mean apnea-hypopnea index change between subjects with and without incident CVD was 2.75 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 5.24; P =0.032). This association persisted after subjects with central sleep apnea were excluded. Compared with participants without incident CVD, participants with incident CVD had greater increases in both mean obstructive and central apnea indices, by 1.75 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 1.75; P =0.04) and by 1.07 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 1.74; P =0.001), respectively. Conclusions— In a diverse, community-based sample of middle-aged and older adults, incident CVD was associated with worsening sleep-disordered breathing over 5 years.
MAIN PULMONARY ARTERY AREA LIMITS EXERCISE CAPACITY IN PATIENTS LONG-TERM AFTER ARTERIAL SWITCH OPERATION FOR TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES (TGA)
Authors: Mieke MP Driessen, Vivan JM Baggen, Gertjan Sieswerda, Tim Leiner, Tim Takken, Sebastiaan WH van Wijk, Nicolaas JG Jansen, Paul Schoof, Folkert Meijboom, Hans Breur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
His Bundle Recordings in Children with Normal Hearts and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: NIGEL K. ROBERTS, P. M. OLLEY
Journal: Circulation (1972)

His bundle potentials were recorded in 50 children. Eight had normal hearts, 11 had ventricular septal defects, seven had the tetralogy of Fallot, seven had secundum atrial septal defects, and eight had pulmonary valve stenosis. There were miscellaneous defects in nine children. Ages ranged from 2 weeks to 14 years. Two intervals were measured on recordings: (1) from the initial atrial activity (P') to the His bundle potential (H), the P'-H interval, and (2) from H to the initial ventricular activity (V), the H-V interval. The H-V interval lengthened with age. The P'-H and H-V intervals did not differ significantly when different cardiovascular lesions were compared.
Presence or absence of inhibitors of crystal growth in bile. 1. Effect of bile on the formation of calcium phosphate, a constituent of gallstones.
Authors: D J Sutor, J M Percival
Journal: Gut (1976)

When calcium and phosphate ions were mixed so that their final concentration was 4 mmol/1 and the pH was kept at 7-0, an amorphous precipitate immediately formed and this changed into crystalline material with an apatite-like structure after a period of time. The formation of either or both types of precipitate could be slowed down or prevented by adding to the crystallising medium trace amounts of pyrophosphate or citrate which are known inhibitors of the formation of calcium phosphate, or large quantities of sodium chloride which increased the ionic strength of the solution and hence the solubility of calcium phosphate, Both common duct and gallbladder bile from patients with gallstones composed of cholesterol and/or calcium carbonate had a very pronounced inhibitory action on the formation of these precipitates. Only very small amounts of bile were necessary to produce these effects, which therefore were not due to an increase in ionic strength. Ultrafiltration of bile showed that material with a molecular weight greater than 10 000 was mainly responsible for this activity. Because the inhibitor was present in both common duct and gallbladder bile, the liver is the likely source of origin. The possible identity of this material is examined. The powerful inhibitory effect of bile on the crystallisation of calcium phosphate is probably a contributory factor to the rare occurrence of the calcium phosphates, apatite and whitlockite, in gallstones.