tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Course of Osteoporosis in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Nancy A. Rigotti
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Women with anorexia nervosa have reduced bone mass and may develop fractures. Neither the pathophysiology of this osteoporosis nor its natural history is known. To study the clinical course of osteoporosis, we followed up 27 women with anorexia nervosa for a median of 25 months (range, 9 to 53 months). At study entry, cortical bone density, measured by single-photon absorptiometry of the radial shaft, was low (mean ± SD, 0.63 ± 0.07 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) and inversely related to the duration of amenorrhea (<i>r</i>= -0.49). During follow-up, most patients gained weight (n = 19), took calcium supplements (n = 16), and exercised regularly (n = 22), but fewer than half reached 80% or more of ideal body weight (n = 11), resumed menses (n = 6), or received estrogen (n = 4). Cortical bone density was stable during follow-up for the group as a whole; the mean annual change ( ± SD) was + 0.005 ( ±.015) g/cm<sup>2</sup>(95% confidence interval, - 0.0009 to +0.0109). There was no significant difference in the mean change in bone density between women who attained 80% of ideal weight and those who did not or between groups who did or did not regain menses, take estrogen or calcium, or exercise vigorously. Four fractures were clinically observed in three women during follow-up. The rate of 0.05 nonspine fractures per person-year (95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.13) exceeds that of normal women in this age range (relative risk, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.2 to 18.5). We conclude that reductions in cortical bone density appear not to be rapidly reversed by recovery from anorexia nervosa and that anorectic women may have an increased risk of fracture. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1133-1138)
Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy after start of antituberculosis therapy reduced mortality in HIV
Authors: Santiago Moreno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club20 March 2012Earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy after start of antituberculosis therapy reduced mortality in HIVSantiago Moreno, MDSantiago Moreno, MDHospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (S.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-6-201202210-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBlanc FX, Sok T, Laureillard D, et al. Earlier versus later start of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults with tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1471-81. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22010913Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: Pulmonology: References1 Havlir DV, Kendall MA, Ive P, et al; AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5221. Timing of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1482-91. [PMID: 22010914]. Google Scholar2 Abdool Karim SS, Naidoo K, Grobler A, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:697-706. [PMID: 20181971] Google Scholar3 Török ME, Yen NT, Chau TT, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculous meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:1374-83. [PMID: 21596680] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (S.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 March 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 6Page: JC3-2KeywordsAdverse eventsAntiretroviral therapyHIV infectionsInfectious diseasesIsoniazidToxicityTuberculosisViral load ePublished: 20 March 2012 Issue Published: 20 March 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mechanical disruption of atherosclerotic plaques during percutaneous coronary intervention results in acute plasma increases in oxidized low-density lipoprotein and Lp(a): Implications for understanding vulnerable plaques
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Herbert K. Lau, Kyoo-Rok Han, Elizabeth R. Miller, Joseph Juliano, Joseph L. Witztum, Bradley H. Strauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α converting enzyme and tumor necrosis factor‐α in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with advanced congestive heart failure
Authors: Mamoru Satoh, Junji Iwasaka, Motoyuki Nakamura, Tomonari Akatsu, Yudai Shimoda, Katsuhiko Hiramori
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
154. Tetracycline-Inducible HSV Amplicon Vectors with Expanded Range of Gene Expression Regulation
Authors: Laryssa A. Comer, Juliet L. Fernandez, Sara M. Camp, Jessica C. Tebbets, Xandra O. Breakefield, Miguel Sena-Esteves
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In this study, we developed several novel tetracycline(tet)-regulated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV) amplicon vectors by introducing various combinations of tet-dependent transcriptional silencers and activators. Also, to reduce undesirable baseline gene expression, most vectors incorporated insulator elements flanking the gene expression cassette, which carried the Firefly luciferase gene (FLuc) driven by a silencer/activator-responsive promoter. To determine which constructs were most effective at regulating gene expression, we tested the luciferase activity of transduced human glioblastoma Gli-36 cells in vitro, in the presence or absence of doxycycline (Dox). Induction levels for the twenty-six vectors tested ranged from 154-fold to 6000-fold, with the best vector (HET14B-FLuc) displaying over 5-fold higher luciferase activity than a control HSV amplicon vector constituitively expressing luciferase. Dose response analysis showed that gene expression could be regulated over a wide range of Dox concentrations, and that 1000-fold induction could be achieved at 10 ng/mL Dox. To further demonstrate the regulation capabilities of this system, we replaced the luciferase gene in HET14B-FLuc with the gene for reversed caspase-3, an auto-catalytic version of wild-type caspase-3, an executioner of apoptosis. WST cell proliferation assays demonstrate that Gli-36 cells transduced with this vector (MOI 0.5-2) undergo rapid apoptosis upon Dox induction, with almost no viable cells remaining 6 hours post-induction. Non-induced cells infected with the same vector, as well as induced and non-induced cells infected with HET14BFLuc control vector, continued growing throughout the 36 hour assay. Application of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK at the time of induction prevented apoptosis in cells infected with the caspase-3 vector, and cell proliferation levels were similar to those in control groups. Western blot analysis, probing for poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, which is cleaved during apoptosis, confirm that cells infected with caspase-3 vector undergo massive apoptosis upon Dox induction, while control groups exhibit a low baseline level of cell death in all samples. Currently we are evaluating the therapeutic potential of the caspase-3 vector in vivo by direct injection into subcutaneous Gli-36 tumors constitutively expressing Fluc. Subsequent tumor growth in the presence or absence of Dox will be assessed by bioluminescence imaging of tumor- associated FLuc.
Endoscopic transanal vacuum-assisted rectal drainage (ETVARD): an optimized therapy for major leaks from extraperitoneal rectal anastomoses
Authors: A. Glitsch, W. von Bernstorff, U. Seltrecht, I. Partecke, H. Paul, C. Heidecke
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Glitsch et al., pp. 192Endoscopy 2008; 40(03): 355-356DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306814
Effect of immunoglobulin treatment on endothelial progenitor cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: G Coppolino, S Campo, D Bolignano, A Sturiale, M S Giacobbe, S Loddo, M Buemi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

The risk of cardiovascular disease is five- to 10-fold increased in most autoimmune disorders1 and adjustment for classical atherogenic factors cannot fully explain it.2 In contrast to the classical view of the endothelium as an inert lining for blood vessels, recent publications suggest a continuous turnover of endothelial cells (ECs), replaced by endotheliocytes adjacent to the lesions or mobilised from the bone marrow (haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); these display both a haematopoietic and an endothelial differentiating potential and throughout the endothelial lineage are transformed into so-called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).3 Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) show progenitor depletion, even during clinical remission, caused by increased HSC apoptosis,4 indicating that endogenous vascular repair is impaired and …
Cross-cultural communication. The special case of interpreters in health care
Authors: R. W. Putsch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

COMMUNICATION in health care is a complex issue. Language and cultural barriers complicate the situation. Language is the framework in which the world view of a culture is molded, and it describes the boundaries and perspectives of a cultural system.<sup>2</sup>A language barrier disarms a communicant's ability to assess meanings, intent, emotions, and reactions and creates a state of dependency on the individual who holds the keys to the entire process—the interpreter. Interpretation requires a great deal of skill. Interpreters find it necessary to describe and explain terms, ideas, and processes that lie outside of the linguistic systems of clients. The interpretation process must account for divergent world views. Individuals and cultures have varying perspectives regarding the cause, presentation, course, and treatment<sup>3</sup>of sickness, as well as the risk it represents to others. The following discussion will focus on the role of interpreters. At the same time, the
Vitamin B12 binding protein as a tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: S P Kane, I M Murray-Lyon, F J Paradinas, P J Johnson, R Williams, A H Orr, J Kohn
Journal: Gut (1978)

Grossly raised levels of tumour related vitamin B12 binding protein, reflected by rises in serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC), were found in three of 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. All three were HBsAg negative and had normal serum alpha fetoprotein levels. The patients did not have underlying cirrhosis and the tumours contained characteristic intracellular inclusions. In the first patient the UBBC level fell during a partial remission induced by adriamycin therapy and in the second patient UBBC levels rose with progression of her disease. In the third patient serum B12 binding protein levels fell after tumour resection. Assay and subsequent monitoring of serum vitamin B12 and UBCC may prove valuable in the assessment and follow-up of some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose alpha fetoprotein levels are normal.
Apparent tolerance to the acute effect of nicotine results in part from distribution kinetics.
Authors: H C Porchet, N L Benowitz, L B Sheiner, J R Copeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Persons exposed to nicotine develop tolerance to many of its effects. When heart rate and forearm venous blood concentration are plotted against time after intravenous administration of nicotine, a greater increase in heart rate is seen for a given nicotine concentration during the rising phase of nicotine concentrations than during the decreasing phase. This could be due to acute tolerance or to more rapid distribution of drug to effect site (brain) than to venous blood. To distinguish between these possibilities, six rabbits were given nicotine intravenously. Blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein (reflecting brain concentration), and the femoral vein and artery. Brain concentrations peaked before femoral venous concentrations. Seven men received intravenous infusions of nicotine. Peripheral venous blood concentrations and cardiovascular responses were measured. Heart rate peaked before venous concentrations. A physiological kinetic model, fit to the rabbit data, was scaled to humans and used to predict "brain" concentrations in them. Heart rate and predicted brain concentrations peaked simultaneously. We conclude that the rapid development of tolerance to the cardioaccelerating effect of nicotine can be attributed, at least in part, to its distribution kinetics.
The use of green fluorescence gene (GFP)-modified rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) co-cultured with chondrocytes in hydrogel constructs to reveal the chondrogenesis of MSCs
Authors: Han N. Yang, Ji S. Park, Kun Na, Dae G. Woo, Young D. Kwon, Keun-Hong Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
The magnetocardiogram in cardiac disorders
Authors: M. SAARINEN, P. J. KARP, T. E. KATILA, P. SILTANEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article The magnetocardiogram in cardiac disorders Get access M. SAARINEN, M. SAARINEN From the Cardiovascular Laboratory, First Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and the Department of Technical Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Otaniemi, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. J. KARP, P. J. KARP From the Cardiovascular Laboratory, First Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and the Department of Technical Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Otaniemi, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. E. KATILA, T. E. KATILA From the Cardiovascular Laboratory, First Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and the Department of Technical Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Otaniemi, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. SILTANEN P. SILTANEN From the Cardiovascular Laboratory, First Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and the Department of Technical Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, Otaniemi, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 6, November 1974, Pages 820–834, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.6.820 Published: 01 November 1974
Regimens of Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy
Authors: David B. K. Golden, Martin D. Valentine, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We studied 64 sting-allergic patients treated with one of three regimens of insect-venom immunotherapy: slow, rush, or a step-function regimen. All regimens had a top dose of 100 �g and a similar cumulative dose. Efficacy was 100% in all regimens. Fifty percent of the patients had at least one large local reaction at a rate of 9.6 reactions/100 injections. Sixteen percent had systemic symptoms at 1.6 reactions/100 injections. Reaction rates did not differ among the groups, but the slow regimen involved twice as many injections as the rush regimen, and thus caused twice the number of reactions. The rush regimen caused a greater and more rapid rise in antivenom IgG than did the slow regimen, with no difference in IgE levels. We conclude that although equally effective, the rush regimen of venom immunotherapy is associated with a greater immune response and fewer adverse reactions that the slow regimen.
Reply: Severe Sepsis: Stay and Play or Scoop and Run?
Authors: Christopher W. Seymour, Derek C. Angus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

From the Authors:

In their response to our article (1), Ligtenberg and colleagues suggest that time-sensitive conditions, such as severe sepsis, may benefit from systems of care similar to trauma or ischemic stroke, and that both future study and implementation of such systems will rely on accurate diagnosis of severe sepsis at the frontier of critical care—during the prehospital phase.

We agree wholeheartedly. Of course, the leveraging of the prehospital period to improve care relies in part on patient identification and stratification, a challenging task given the difficulty in recognizing and diagnosing sepsis. One approach is to integrate a quick history and physical with physiologic or serum biomarkers that can be deployed in prehospital care. Such biomarkers would require adequate evaluation, including assessment of their feasibility and their incremental value over existing approaches.

Ligtenberg and colleagues also suggest a suite of treatments that might be more effectively deployed if commenced in the prehospital setting. We certainly endorse evaluation of such interventions, again with attention to both feasibility and incremental value over current care. We would further add that, in addition to specific prehospital interventions, another key advantage of early identification and stratification is to determine where the patient should be taken. Many strategies for optimal early care of severe sepsis and septic shock may be better implemented at select centers of excellence. Yet, such centers make no sense if there is no mechanism by which to preferentially route patients.

Taken together, the many thousands of avoidable deaths from severe sepsis demand we explore innovative approaches to treatment. Should we solve the riddle of early and rapid diagnosis, many promising interventions at the patient and system level await study during prehospital care.
Dependence of Platelet Thrombus Stability on Sustained Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Activation Through Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Receptor Stimulation and Cyclic Calcium Signaling
Authors: Shinya Goto, Noriko Tamura, Hideyuki Ishida, Zaverio M. Ruggeri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Bioassay-directed fractionation and salmonella mutagenicity of automobile and forklift diesel exhaust particles.
Authors: David M DeMarini, Lance R Brooks, Sarah H Warren, Takahiro Kobayashi, M Ian Gilmour, Pramila Singh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Many pulmonary toxicity studies of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) have used an automobile-generated sample (A-DEPs) whose mutagenicity has not been reported. In contrast, many mutagenicity studies of DEPs have used a forklift-generated sample (SRM 2975) that has been evaluated in only a few pulmonary toxicity studies. Therefore, we evaluated the mutagenicity of both DEPs in Salmonella coupled to a bioassay-directed fractionation. The percentage of extractable organic material (EOM) was 26.3% for A-DEPs and 2% for SRM 2975. Most of the A-EOM (~55%) eluted in the hexane fraction, reflecting the presence of alkanes and alkenes, typical of uncombusted fuel. In contrast, most of the SRM 2975 EOM (~58%) eluted in the polar methanol fraction, indicative of oxygenated and/or nitrated organics derived from combustion. Most of the direct-acting, base-substitution activity of the A-EOM eluted in the hexane/dichloromethane (DCM) fraction, but this activity eluted in the polar methanol fraction for the SRM 2975 EOM. The direct-acting frameshift mutagenicity eluted across fractions of A-EOM, whereas > 80% eluted only in the DCM fraction of SRM 2975 EOM. The A-DEPs were more mutagenic than SRM 2975 per mass of particle, having 227 times more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-type and 8-45 more nitroarene-type mutagenic activity. These differences were associated with the different conditions under which the two DEP samples were generated and collected. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the health effects of DEPs requires the evaluation of DEP standards for a variety of end points, and our results highlight the need for multidisciplinary studies on a variety of representative samples of DEPs.
Gene Mapping: Using Law and Ethics as Guides
Authors: Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The Human Genome Project is a federally funded research initiative to map our genes to specific locations on human chromosomes and to sequence all the human DNA. It is expected to take 15 years from its start date in 1990 and to cost several billion dollars. The project has engendered controversy over its scientific worth relative to other projects, over its use of research monies that might be spent in other ways for health or research, and over the uses to which the information might be put. Fears about unethical social uses that might be made of genetic information prompted the allocation of 5% of the Human Genome Project budget to studying the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of the project. Part of that 5% went to the workshop from which this book originated. It contains presentations from a 1991 gathering funded by the Center for Human Genome Research
Let Them Eat Catfish
Authors: Henry C. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> History teaches that scientists are inclined to eat carcasses of test animals. Indeed, a well-known double-doctorate space scientist dined frequently on rats during his salad days. A group on the Eastern seaboard eats exotic animals at their annual banquets. Even nonscientists do it. For example, a sparring Southern editor and his cocky Governor had an election bet in which the loser would eat a crow at a specified banquet. He did and when asked how it tasted said, "Well, it tasted a lot like owl." The Scoggin (231:176, 1975) report on catfish stings is noteworthy because it shows that research is needed to identify this toxin. To achieve this goal, some interested soul will have to brave the elements to catch some study specimens. Then he'll have to remove the dorsal and pectoral fin spines for scientific purposes. I hope he knows what to do with the
The role of emotions in adaptations for exploitation
Authors: David M. Buss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Emotion expression serves functions in exploitative resource-acquisition strategies that may not include relationship reciprocity. These include rendering victims more exploitable and signaling one's status as non-exploitable. A comprehensive theory of emotion expressions must explain their role in adaptations for exploitation, as well as evolved defenses against those pursuing a strategy of exploitation.
Is the Journal Too Good?
Authors: S. S. Towler
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Marienville, Pa., July 29, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The more one sees ofThe Journal(big capitals in<i>The</i>, please,) the more satisfaction there is in seeing it all, from title page to finis, of the highest order. The profession ought to be proud of it. Personally,I am willing to add 50 per cent, to the annual dues, if necessary, to keep it up to the highest point in medical journalism. There is a point, however, worth noting. In a conversation with Trustee Dr. E. E. Montgomery, at the Philadelphia meeting, I said the only criticism I heard now about theJournalwas that "it was too good." There is more than "something" in that. TheJournalwants a big circulation. It can't reach all classes—and there are classes and classes in the profession—by a series of articles that are so good as to be exclusive to all but well
Intense Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in Pericardial Metastasis From Breast Cancer
Authors: Takatsugu Kawase, Hirofumi Fujii, Tadaki Nakahara, Naoyuki Shigematsu, Atsushi Kubo, Shigeru Kosuda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Extraosseous uptake often seen on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy has clinical significance. In a routine follow-up study on a 54-year-old female patient with breast cancer, we encountered a rare finding of pericardial metastasis clearly demonstrated by Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy. This incidental finding of increased uptake in the periphery of the cardiac contour on a bone scan reflects radionuclide accumulation in pericardium, myocardium, or pericardial effusion itself. In our case, an additional computed tomography examination of the chest was useful for making the definitive diagnosis of dystrophic calcification of the pericardium.