tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the immunological response to hepatitis b virus by antibodies
Authors: Esteban Celis, Katalin G. Abraham, Richard W. Miller
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Antibodies to HBsAg of IgG class enhanced the helper activity of a human T cell clone to promote the in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins by autologous B lymphocytes. Using two different assay systems, the effect of antigen-specific antibodies on the helper function of a HBsAg-reactive T cell clone was studied. The monoclonal antibody to HBsAg A5C3 (IgG) increased significantly the T cell-dependent production of immunoglobulins by Staphyloccocus aureus-stimulated autologous B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the results obtained with a different type of assay showed that A5C3 also increased the synthesis of antibody to HBsAg by the autologous B cells in the presence of HBsAg and the helper T cell clone. On the other hand, when the monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgM class, H5D3 or the F(ab')2 fragment of A5C3 were tested, no significant enhancement of the helper activity of the T cell clone was observed. Experiments performed in mice showed that the in vivo antibody to HBsAg response to low concentrations of HBsAg was significantly enhanced by mixing this antigen with monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgG class. No effect was observed when a monoclonal antibody to HBsAg of IgM class was used to prepare the immune-complexed immunogen. The results presented here suggest that antibodies play a critical role in their own production through regulating the activity of helper T cells. This phenomenon might contribute to the increased antibody synthesis of in vivo secondary immune responses and could be of use in designing more efficient vaccine programs in man.
Studies on the Mechanism of Immunological Enhancement of Tumor Homografts. 11. Effect of Isoantibodies on Various Tumor Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: Göran Möller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1963)

Attempts were made to induce enhancement with tumors showing partial or full sensitivity to the cytotpxic action of H-2 antibodies. Partially sensitive tumors could be enhanced in H-2 systems. A completely sensitive leukemia could be enhanced in non-H-2 systems. Studies of hypotheses concerning immunological enhancement were performed. It could not be demonstrated that antibodies stimulated tumor growth. On the contrary, inhibition was constant with several tumors and different test systems. Tumor cells exposed to antibodies for a short period in vitro, or a long time in vivo, did not change their transplantation characteristics to increased homo-transplantability. Enhancement was obtained with tumor cells coated with antibodies in the absence of circulating antibodies in the hosts. Such antibody-coated cells were inferior to untreated cells in their ability to elicit the homograft reaction. It was concluded that antibodies did not change tumor-cell characteristics, such as growth rate or resistance to the homograft reaction, but probably exerted their effect by an “afferent” or “efferent” inhibition of transplantation immunity and not by a “central” mechanism. Different doses of antibodies affected various tumors differently: Large doses caused inhibition with some tumors and enhancement with others, while smaller doses enhanced to various degrees. A possible explanation of the dose effect was advanced in terms of an “afferent” or “efferent” inhibition of the homograft reaction, and depended on the cytotoxic sensitivity of the tumor cells and their number of isoantigenic receptors.
Neighborhood Built Environment and Transport and Leisure Physical Activity: Findings Using Objective Exposure and Outcome Measures in New Zealand
Authors: Karen Witten, Tony Blakely, Nasser Bagheri, Hannah Badland, Vivienne Ivory, Jamie Pearce, Suzanne Mavoa, Erica Hinckson, Grant Schofield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Evidence of associations between neighborhood built environments and transport-related physical activity (PA) is accumulating, but few studies have investigated associations with leisure-time PA.We investigated associations of five objectively measured characteristics of the neighborhood built environment-destination access, street connectivity, dwelling density, land-use mix and streetscape quality-with residents' self-reported PA (transport, leisure, and walking) and accelerometer-derived measures of PA.Using a multicity stratified cluster sampling design, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2,033 adults who lived in 48 New Zealand neighborhoods. Multilevel regression modeling, which was adjusted for individual-level (sociodemographic and neighborhood preference) and neighborhood-level (deprivation) confounders, was used to estimate associations of built environment with PA.We found that 1-SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were associated with any versus no self-reported transport, leisure, or walking PA, with increased odds ranging from 21% [street connectivity with leisure PA, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0%, 47%] to 44% (destination accessibility with walking, 95% CI: 17%, 79%). Among participants who self-reported some PA, a 1-SD increase in street connectivity was associated with a 13% increase in leisure PA (95% CI: 0, 28%). SD increases in destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density were each associated with 7% increases in accelerometer counts.Associations of neighborhood destination access, street connectivity, and dwelling density with self-reported and objectively measured PA were moderately strong, indicating the potential to increase PA through changes in neighborhood characteristics.
Intracellular calcium and pathogenesis and antenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authors: A E Emery, D Burt
Journal: BMJ (1980)

One of the earliest and most important abnormalities of fetal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an increase in eosinophilic fibres (those that stain darkly with eosin). A study of normal and at-risk male fetuses after abortion was carried out, which showed that these eosinophilic fibres contain increased intracellular calcium, which suggests that this is an early biochemical change in the disorder. Since increased intracellular calcium would account for various biochemical and clinical features of the disease, it may be related to the primary defect. Thus an increase in muscle fibres containing increased intracellular calcium in at-risk fetuses may provide an additional means of assessing the validity of any future presumptive antenatal test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Fetal and Infant Mortality
Authors: Franz W. Rosa
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent article inThe Journal(1982;247:987), Drs Erickson and Bjerkedal report that the contrast in infant mortality between Norway and the United States (in 1977, 9.2 per 1,000 live births v 14.1) relates largely to differences in birth weight distribution. The US infant mortality in "other races" (mainly black) was 21.7 compared with 12.3 in whites. Another more extreme international comparison is between Bermuda and the District of Columbia. Infant mortality in 1980 was 13.9 in Bermuda<sup>1</sup>and 24.6 in the District of Columbia. Ostensibly, the racial distribution is similar in the two areas: 61% black in Bermuda, 69% in the District of Columbia. However, social indicators contrast. Unemployment is virtually absent in Bermuda but high in nonwhites in the District of Columbia. Welfare requirements are low in Bermuda compared with those in the District of Columbia. Comparison of intermediary factors such as prematurity,
BMPER Is an Endothelial Cell Regulator and Controls Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4–Dependent Angiogenesis
Authors: Jennifer Heinke, Leonie Wehofsits, Qian Zhou, Christoph Zoeller, Kim-Miriam Baar, Thomas Helbing, Anna Laib, Hellmut Augustin, Christoph Bode, Cam Patterson, Martin Moser
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in embryonic and adult blood vessel formation in health and disease. BMPER (BMP endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator) is a differentially expressed protein in embryonic endothelial precursor cells. In earlier work, we found that BMPER interacts with BMPs and when overexpressed antagonizes their function in embryonic axis formation. In contrast, in a BMPER-deficient zebrafish model, BMPER behaves as a BMP agonist. Furthermore, lack of BMPER induces a vascular phenotype in zebrafish that is driven by disarray of the intersomitic vasculature. Here, we investigate the impact of BMPER on endothelial cell function and signaling and elucidate its role in BMP-4 function in gain- and loss-of-function models. As shown by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, BMPER is an extracellular matrix protein expressed by endothelial cells in skin, heart, and lung. We show that BMPER is a downstream target of FoxO3a and consistently exerts activating effects on endothelial cell sprouting and migration in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, when BMPER is depleted from endothelial cells, sprouting is impaired. In terms of BMPER related intracellular signaling, we show that BMPER is permissive and necessary for Smad 1/5 phosphorylation and induces Erk1/2 activation. Most interestingly, BMPER is necessary for BMP-4 to exert its activating role in endothelial function and to induce Smad 1/5 activation. Vice versa, BMP-4 is necessary for BMPER activity. Taken together, BMPER is a dose-dependent endothelial cell activator that plays a unique and pivotal role in fine-tuning BMP activity in angiogenesis.
Physician Participation in Assisted Suicide-Reply
Authors: David Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Abrams correctly observes that, when there is a conflict between the physician's duty to provide life-sustaining medical care and the physician's duty to relieve suffering, the preferences of the patient must prevail.1However, it is not clear that therefore physicians must be available to assist a patient's suicide. The right of a patient to refuse treatments that are unwelcome is very different from a right to demand the physician's participation in the patient's suicide. Indeed, while we ordinarily let the patient choose whether to accept a physician's recommendations for treatment, we do not permit the patient to decide what recommendations will be made.  I agree that the concern about burdening family and friends is not unquestionably irrational. But there is a real concern that for some patients the right to die might become a duty to die. There is no shortage of people who question whether we
Radial Artery Punctures
Authors: MARVIN A. SACKNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1971Radial Artery PuncturesMARVIN A. SACKNER, M.D., WILBUR G. AVERY, M.D.MARVIN A. SACKNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILBUR G. AVERY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-5-806_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We agree with Matthews and Gibbons, authors of "Embolization Complicating Radial Artery Puncture," (ANNALS, 75:87-88, 1971), that complications from single-stick radial artery punctures for blood gas measurements are distinctly unusual.We recently reported a technique for radial artery punctures (Chest59:97, 1971), by which, over a 5-month period, 1,541 punctures done by nurses resulted in no morbidity. Since we began doing single-stick radial artery punctures in 1966, we have seen no significant morbidity in over 30,000 punctures. During prolonged hospitalizations many of these patients have received as many as 50 radial arterial punctures without complications. The embolization... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Respiratory Therapy Mount Sinai Hospital Miama Beach, Fla. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1971Volume 75, Issue 5Page: 806-806KeywordsArteriesBloodHospitalizationsMorbidityThorax Issue Published: 1 November 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Human, Animal, Ecosystem Health All Key to Curbing Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CHRONIC TRENCH FEVER
Authors: G. Ward
Journal: BMJ (1919)

Rui7,11At tlhirty-five of the autopsies blood-agar cultures from the liepatized lung were made.Colonies of influenza bacilli were obtained in 15 cases (43 per cent.),staphylococci in 19 cases (54 per cent.),streptococci in 19 cases (54 per cent.),pneumococoi in 2 cases (6 per cent.),M. tetragenus in 1 case (3 per cent.), and Gram-positive bacilli in 1 case.Influenza bacilli and staphylococci were obtained in 3 cases, influenza bacilli and strepto.cocci in 5 cases, influenza bacilli, staphylococci, and strepto- cocci in 2 cases, influenza bacilli, staphiylococci, and pneumo- cocci in 1 case, staphylococci and streptococci in 8 cases, streptococci and M. tertragenus in 1 case.In one case no growth was obtained.The blood-agai-medium was made by adding to peptone meat extract agar (previously melted at 1000 C. and then cooled to 50°C. to 450 C.) 10 per cent. of a solution of blood (warmed to 40' C.).The latter solution was prepared by mixing 5 c.cm. of human blood, withdrawn from a vein, with 95 o.cm. of sterile 0.85 per-cent.sodium chloride solution, and then laking by the addition of 10 c.cm. of ether.Colonies of influenza bacilli were isolated by plating out.
Selecting and Appraising Studies for a Systematic Review
Authors: Maureen O. Meade
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

After thoroughly searching the potentially relevant literature for a systematic review, reviewers face the sequential tasks of selecting studies for inclusion and appraising these studies.Methodical, impartial, and reliable strategies are necessary for these two tasks because systematic reviews are retrospective exercises and are therefore prone to both bias and random error. To plan for study selection, reviewers begin with a focused clinical question and choose selection criteria that reflect this question. A detailed selection protocol that specifies the study designs and publication status of articles to be included is often helpful. Selection criteria are itemized on customized forms and are used to examine each potentially relevant primary study, usually by two different reviewers. In planning the critical appraisal of included studies, reviewers decide which clinical and methodologic study features require documentation. After choosing methods for evaluating study quality, reviewers construct customized appraisal forms and an explicit protocol for the actual evaluation. Some of the techniques commonly used to minimize the potential for error in study appraisal include duplicate, independent examination; blinding to study results and other identifying features of each article; and correspondence with study authors to clarify issues. Ultimately, primary studies should be selected, appraised, and reported in sufficient detail to allow readers to judge the applicability of the review to clinical practice and to clarify the strength of the inferences that can be drawn from the review.
Faith, hype, and charity
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Does it matter if charities exaggerate for the sake of free publicity?



Charities are an important source of health information and regularly provide stories for media organisations willing to swallow more or less anything they say. It suits both parties: journalists get a story with the imprimatur of a well known charity, while the charity gets free publicity on a platform of its own choosing. Who loses? All too often, public understanding is the victim of this cosy relationship.

Margaret McCartney wrote recently in the BMJ about the practices of Barnardo’s ( BMJ 2011;343:d7802, doi:10.1136/bmj.d7802), which set itself up as a champion of Britain’s children against the supposed hostility of adults by means of a survey that asked loaded questions, then published the answers as if the critical epithets (“feral,” “angry, violent, and abusive,” and “beginning to behave like animals”) had sprung unbidden to the minds of the adults questioned, rather than being put to them as statements with which they were asked to agree or disagree. The Times was so easily persuaded that it ran a leader declaring that “the …
Private Cost Containment
Authors: Clark C. Havighurst, Glenn M. Hackbarth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Abstract Physicians should recognize that a more competitive health-care market would provide the best defense against government regulation. Aside from group-practice health-maintenance organizations, the cost-containment steps that might be taken in such a market are not well understood. In particular, little attention has been paid to how private health insurers might redefine their coverage to limit the cost-increasing effects of third-party payment. Insurer-provider agreements negotiated in a competitive environment would seem to be especially promising. Competing insurance plans would be variously organized and operated according to provider and consumer preferences. Traditional doctor–patient relations as well as fee-for-service payment could be preserved. The antitrust laws, while curbing concerted effort to prevent change, should assure that physicians are not exploited by dominant buyers. Lucrative opportunities already exist for enterprising and efficient providers. (N Engl J Med 300:1298–1305, 1979)
The Injured Adolescent Knee
Authors: Riad Barmada
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Knee injuries in the adolescent are encountered more often in this decade because more adolescents are involved in various athletic activities. Also injuries are now recognized and diagnosed more often because of the effort and clinical research carried out by many orthopedic surgeons interested in athletic injuries. The knee in particular is vulnerable to these injuries and deserves a comprehensive discussion, which is provided in this book. First, the ligamentous injuries are discussed; then classification, diagnosis, and treatment—conservative and surgical— are outlined. Second, meniscal lesions are outlined, including their types; diagnosis, the use of arthroscopy, and treatment are discussed. The third chapter covers the epiphysial plate injuries, and the fourth covers osteochondral fractures. In the remaining four chapters, the author discusses osteochondritis dissecans, subluxation of the patella, and chondromalacia of the patella. Overall, this book provides an excellent review of the subject and would be an important asset to the
Prevalence and clinical associations of anti-Ku antibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis: a European EUSTAR-initiated multi-centre case-control study
Authors: B Rozman, S Cucnik, S Sodin-Semrl, L Czirjak, C Varju, O Distler, D Huscher, M Aringer, G Steiner, M Matucci-Cerinic, S Guiducci, B Stamenkovic, A Stankovic, T Kveder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>OBJECTIVE:</b> The purpose of this study was to develop a descriptive model of the association between injection drug use and hepatitis A (HAV) in a sample of injection drug users (IDUs). <b>DESIGN:</b> From May 1997 to July 1999, 493 subjects were administered the NIDA Risk Behavior Assessment (RBA). Participants had blood drawn; sera were tested for antibodies to HAV, hepatitis B core (HBcAB), and hepatitis C. The principal method of analysis was logistic regression. <b>SETTING:</b> The study took place in a community-based field station in Anchorage, Alaska. <b>PARTICIPANTS:</b> Eligibility was determined using the following criteria: a) age greater than 17 years, b) possession of picture identification, c) positive urinalysis for cocaine metabolites, morphine, and/or amphetamines using the ONTRAK® system (Roche Diagnostics), and d) injection drug use in the last six months as confirmed by presentation of track marks. <b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:</b> Presence of antibodies to HAV infection. <b>RESULTS:</b> The prevalence of total HAV antibody in our sample was 33% (161/493). The final multivariate logistic model, using positive HAV serostatus as the outcome, included positive HBcAB serostatus (<i>OR</i> = 3.43; 95% CI, 2.22-5.30), less than high school education (vs. high school or greater education) (<i>OR</i> = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.33-3.17), age (<i>OR</i> = 1.06 (each year); 95% CI, 1.03-1.09), number of days injected heroin in the last 30 days (<i>OR</i> = 1.05 (each day), 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), and race (White vs. all other race/ethnicities) (<i>OR</i> = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75). <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> A model including both demographic and drug use variables best describes HAV prevalence in this sample. Findings suggest that IDUs are targets for interventions focusing on hepatitis vaccinations and hygiene practices. Further research is needed to understand the association of HAV with hepatitis B infection. <b>ABBREVIATIONS USED:</b>CI = confidence interval; HAV = hepatitis A; HBV = hepatitis B; HCV = hepatitis C; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IDUs = injection drug users; M = mean; OR = odds ratio; RBA = risk behavior assessment.
THE USE OF MORPHIA IN BRIGHTS DISEASE.
Authors: SIDNEY RINGER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Few opinions are more firmly held or more dogmatically taught than that opium must not be given to patients with albuminuria or Bright's disease. The more extreme upholders of this doctrine teach that the presence of albumin in the urine, even when the kidneys are not diseased, as in cases of fever, prohibits the use of opium. Many years of careful investigation of this subject convince me that this opinion is wrong. I avail myself of this opportunity to again draw attention to this subject. Several writers in America and England have recorded their experiences that opium either by the mouth or hypodermically may be administered, not only without danger but with great advantage, to some patients with uremia. Dr. Loomis ("Diseases of Respiratory Organs, Heart and Kidneys," 1875) states that he has employed morphia hypodermically in puerperal eclampsia with marked success. He says that morphia may be given hypodermically