tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WMA says trial participants must have access to best treatment when a trial ends
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The World Medical Association (WMA) has sought to clarify controversial ethical guidance that seeks to ensure that people who take part in a research trial benefit by getting the best available treatment when the trial ends.

Its annual general assembly held in Tokyo this week decided to issue a note of clarification to paragraph 30 of the Declaration of Helsinki, which is regarded as the world's most widely recognised source of ethical guidance on medical research involving human participants.

The WMA amended the Declaration four years ago in …
Molecular Antagonism and Plasticity of Regulatory and Inflammatory T Cell Programs
Authors: Xuexian O. Yang, Roza Nurieva, Gustavo J. Martinez, Hong Soon Kang, Yeonseok Chung, Bhanu P. Pappu, Bhavin Shah, Seon Hee Chang, Kimberly S. Schluns, Stephanie S. Watowich, Xin-Hua Feng, Anton M. Jetten, Chen Dong
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Systemic administration of ciliary neurotrophic factor induces cachexia in rodents.
Authors: J T Henderson, N A Seniuk, P M Richardson, J Gauldie, J C Roder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has previously been shown to promote the survival of several classes of neurons and glial. We report here that in addition to its effects on the nervous system, CNTF can induce potent effects in extra-neural tissues. Implantation of C6 glioma cells engineered to secrete CNTF either subcutaneously or into the peritoneal cavity of adult mice, or systemic injections of purified rat or human recombinant CNTF, resulted in a rapid syndrome of weight loss resulting in death over a period of 7-10 d. This weight loss could not be explained by a reduction in food intake and involved losses of both fat and skeletal muscle. CNTF also induced the synthesis of acute phase proteins such as haptoglobin. Implantation of C6 lines expressing a nonsecreted form of CNTF, or the parental C6 line itself, did not result in wasting effects. Analysis of this CNTF-induced wasting indicates similarities with the previously described cachectins, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, and leukemia inhibitory factor, but does not involve the induction of these cytokines.
Gnathology and Tinnitus
Authors: Kenneth W. Hicks
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Relating to the reply of H. D. Peterson, MD (238:2072,1977), to the question whether the onset of tinnitus in a 48-year-old man might be related to myelography or one of the several drugs he was taking, it might be helpful to know that this symptom is often seen by dentists in persons suffering from chronic headache patterns or recent trauma.  The source of the dental cause is a dysfunctional relationship between the temperomandibular joint and the dentition or dental prosthesis. The dysfunction (which may have been asymptomatic) is then exacerbated by a behavioral pattern. The usual pattern is simply clenching the teeth in response to pain elsewhere in the body. There are many modifications to this pattern, including biting the incisal edge of the front teeth, grinding the teeth, and biting two particular teeth (eg, cuspids).  Where other sources of tinnitus, such as aspirin, have been ruled
Long-term Use of Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell AnemiaLong-term Use of Hydroxyurea for Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Derrick W. Spell, Lawrence Feldman, Sandra Allen, Maxwell Westerman, Lori Feldman, Alice Gilman-Sachs, Kenneth Beaman, Ward Hagar, Dean Anthony Lee, Brigitta U. Mueller, Martin H. Steinberg, Franca Barton, Michael Terrin, Myron Waclawiw, Duane Bonds
Journal: JAMA (2003)

To the Editor: In their observational study, Dr Steinberg and colleagues1 concluded that hydroxyurea is associated with a lower risk of myelodysplasia and acute leukemia among patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) than among those with myeloproliferative diseases.
Aging: Shedding Light on Vitamin D Deficiency in Women
Authors: Victoria McGovern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Falls are the largest cause of injury mortality among the elderly. More than a third of U.S. people 65 or over will fall each year, with many fracturing a hip, spine, or forearm. These fractures seriously weaken 20–30% of those who experience them, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as well as kick off a cascade of direct costs, including hospitalization, rehabilitation, nursing home stays, and equipment. The CDC estimates that such costs will rise with the growing senior population, reaching more than $43 billion by 2020. Recent research on fall injuries in the elderly suggests that vitamin D supplementation could help prevent some of these falls and fractures.

A number of factors linked to elders’ risk of falling—cognitive impairment, poor balance, and injuries to the legs—are difficult to improve. But depletion of vitamin D stores is easily remedied to improve safety and lessen the number of falls.

Vitamin D status depends mainly on eating foods containing the nutrient and ultraviolet light–induced vitamin D synthesis in the skin. “As older people become more frail and disabled,” says Leon Flicker, a medical professor at the University of Western Australia, “they do not go out as much, and are more likely to suffer from vitamin D deficiency.” If they go into assisted living, levels drop further.

Flicker was lead author of a November 2003 Journal of the American Geriatrics Society study of fall injuries in elderly Australian women in care facilities. He found that 22% of all the women in his study and 45% of the bed-bound women were vitamin D deficient. But adding back dietary vitamin D can reduce their peril. “We would argue that vitamin D supplementation, with calcium, may decrease the risk of falling and make the bone stronger,” says Flicker.

“The most exciting thing to realize about vitamin D,” says Heike Bischoff-Ferrari, a nutrition researcher at Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, “is that this really is the only thing at hand at this point that both reduces the risk of falling and reduces the risk of fractures in older individuals.” Vitamin D–enhanced muscle tone or cognition may play a role in reducing falls themselves. Plus, vitamin D is well tolerated and inexpensive. A team led by Bischoff-Ferrari published a 28 April 2004 meta-analysis of the effects of vitamin D on falling in JAMA.

Given concerns about skin cancer and limited sunlight exposure in certain latitudes, the safest source of vitamin D is dietary supplements. Bischoff-Ferrari and colleagues estimate at least 800 international units of vitamin D may be needed daily to achieve fall prevention in older persons.
IMPACT OF ANTITHROMBOTIC REGIMEN AND TROPONIN STATUS ON OUTCOMES OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: THE ACUITY TRIAL
Authors: So-Yeon Choi, Eugenia Nikolsky, Alexandra J. Lansky, Roxana Mehran, Akiko Maehara, Brent T. McLaurin, David A. Cox, Frederick Feit, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Localized Interlobar Effusion in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: WILLIAM I. GEFTER, KATHARINE R. BOUCOT, E. WAYNE MARSHALL
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Four illustrative cases of localized interlobar effusion as a manifestation of congestive heart failure are presented. The right transverse fissure was most often involved. The x-ray shadow was dense and variable in shape, frequently resembling a tumor mass, and consequently presented a diagnostic problem. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating the disappearance of the "tumor" following diuresis and restoration of cardiac compensation. The disorder is apparently not rare.
Deficiency of Melanoma Differentiation–associated Protein 5 Results in Exacerbated Chronic Postviral Lung Inflammation
Authors: Won-keun Kim, Deepika Jain, Melissa D. Sánchez, Cynthia J. Koziol-White, Krystal Matthews, Moyar Q. Ge, Angela Haczku, Reynold A. Panettieri, Matthew B. Frieman, Carolina B. López
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Rationale: Respiratory viral infections can result in the establishment of chronic lung diseases. Understanding the early innate immune mechanisms that participate in the development of chronic postviral lung disease may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. The intracellular viral sensor protein melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5 (MDA5) sustains the acute immune response to Sendai virus, a mouse pathogen that causes chronic lung inflammation, but its role in the development of postviral chronic lung disease is unknown.Objectives: To establish the role of MDA5 in the development of chronic lung disease.Methods: MDA5-deficient or control mice were infected with Sendai virus. The acute inflammatory response was evaluated by profiling chemokine and cytokine expression and by characterizing the composition of the cellular infiltrate. The impact of MDA5 on chronic lung pathology and function was evaluated through histological studies, degree of oxygen saturation, and responsiveness to carbachol.Measurements and Main Results: MDA5 deficiency resulted in normal virus replication and in a distinct profile of chemokines and cytokines that associated with acute lung neutropenia and enhanced accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages. Diminished expression of neutrophil-recruiting chemokines was also observed in cells infected with influenza virus, suggesting a key role of MDA5 in driving the early accumulation of neutrophils at the infection site. The biased acute inflammatory response of MDA5-deficient mice led to an enhanced chronic lung inflammation, epithelial cell hyperplasia, airway hyperreactivity, and diminished blood oxygen saturation.Conclusions: MDA5 modulates the development of chronic lung inflammation by regulating the early inflammatory response in the lung.
Melanotic macules following Blaschko's lines in McCune-Albright syndrome
Authors: E. RIEGER, R. KOFLER, M. BORKENSTEIN, J. SCHWINGSHANDL, H.P. SOYKR, H. KERL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Melanotic macules following Blaschko's lines in McCune‐Albright syndrome Get access E. RIEGER, E. RIEGER Departments of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. KOFLER, R. KOFLER Departments of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. BORKENSTEIN, M. BORKENSTEIN Departments of Paediatrics, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. SCHWINGSHANDL, J. SCHWINGSHANDL Departments of Paediatrics, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.P. SOYKR, H.P. SOYKR Departments of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. KERL H. KERL Departments of Dermatology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, A‐8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 2, 1 February 1994, Pages 215–220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02903.x Published: 01 February 1994 Article history Accepted: 22 June 1993 Published: 01 February 1994
The Electrocardiographic Pattern of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chronic Cor Pulmonale
Authors: RALPH C. SCOTT, SAMUEL KAPLAN, N. O. FOWLER, ROBERT A. HELM, RICHARD N. WESTCOTT, ISOM C. WALKER, WILLIAM J. STILES
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The electrocardiographic patterns encountered in 28 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic lung disease have been studied. Thirteen had neither right ventricular hypertrophy nor right bundle-branch block; eight had either right ventricular hypertrophy alone or right ventricular hypertrophy and right bundle-branch block (complete or incomplete); and seven had incomplete right bundle-branch block. A statistical comparison is made between these various groups of the means of the following physiologic measurements: mean pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, arterial oxygen saturation, right ventricular work, arterial carbon dioxide content, and cardiac index. The significance of the pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy is discussed.
Declining Transplantability of Prospective Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Jhoong S. Cheigh
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The total number of cadaveric kidney transplants has been declining, despite an increasing dialysis population, greater understanding of transplant immunology, and improved transplant management. To explore the causes of this decline, various factors were studied in 140 dialysis patients who were awaiting transplantation and 100 consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidney transplants. The study indicates that there is a growing, now predominant, prospective kidney recipient population that is highly sensitized because of previous blood transfusions and kidney transplantations. As a result, 92% of the prospective recipients exhibit varying degrees of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Thus, a major problem in clinical transplantation is the growing number of dialysis patients who are virtually untransplantable. The declining number of cadaveric kidney transplantations may be caused by, in part, changing immunologic characteristics in the recipient population.
Ursodeoxycholic acid and taurine as therapy for cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Mary F. Chan, John R. Lake
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Relatively hydrophobic bile acids have been shown to produce some hepatotoxicity, whereas treatment with a more hydrophilic bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, has improved liver function indices in patients with certain chronic liver diseases. Taurine-conjugated bile acids are more hydrophilic than glycine-conjugated bile acids, and thus, taurine administration has also been suggested for the treatment of chronic hepatitis. To determine if taurine and ursodeoxycholic acid are beneficial and if their effects are additive, this double-blind, randomized trial was conducted to compare the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, taurine, and a combination of the two on indices of liver injury in 24 patients with chronic hepatitis. The subjects were assigned at random to two of the four following treatments: ursodeoxycholic acid (600 mg/d), taurine (1.5 g/d), ursodeoxycholic acid plus taurine (600 mg and 1.5 g/d) or placebo, given in two successive cycles of 2 months each, according to a balanced incomplete block design. As expected, ursodeoxycholic acid became the predominant bile acid in bile when administered alone or in combination with taurine, and taurine conjugate concentrations increased during taurine administration. Ursodeoxycholic acid reduced serum aminotransaminase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities significantly, whereas taurine did not. The effects of taurine and ursodeoxycholic acid were not significantly different from those produced by ursodeoxycholic acid alone. It is concluded that ursodeoxycholic acid, but not taurine, improves biochemical indices of liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis.
Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in rat renal afferent and efferent myocytes: no evidence for the T-type Ca2+ current
Authors: S. V. Smirnov, K. Loutzenhiser, R. Loutzenhiser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Based on indirect methods, it has been suggested that both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels mediate signalling in the renal afferent arteriole and that T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in signalling in the efferent arteriole. However, Ca2+ currents have never been studied in these two vessels. Our study was initiated to directly determine the type of Ca2+ channels in these vessels for the first time, using patch clamp. Native myocytes were obtained from individually isolated rat renal afferent and efferent arterioles and from rat tail arteries (TA). TA myocytes, which possess both L- and T-type Ca2+ currents, served as a positive control. Inward Ca2+ and Ba2+ currents (ICa and IBa) were measured in 1.5 mmol/L Ca2+ and 10 mmol/L Ba2+, respectively, using the whole-cell configuration. By exploiting known differences in activation and inactivation characteristics and differing sensitivities to nifedipine and kurtoxin, the presence of both L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in TA myocytes was readily demonstrated. Afferent arteriolar myocytes exhibited relatively large ICa densities (−2.0 ± 0.2 pA/pF) in physiological Ca2+ and the IBa was 3.6-fold greater. These currents were blocked by nifedipine, but not by kurtoxin, and did not exhibit the activation and inactivation characteristics of T-type Ca2+ channels. Efferent arteriolar myocytes did not exhibit a discernible voltage-activated ICa in physiological Ca2+. Our findings support the physiological role of L-type Ca2+ channels in the afferent, but not efferent, arteriole, but do not support the premise that functional T-type Ca2+ channels are present in either vessel.
John Ernest Michael Whitehead
Authors: Stephen Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The only son of Charles Whitehead, a general practitioner, Michael attended Merchant Taylors' School, and then followed his father's footsteps to Caius and St Thomas's. As a junior doctor, he met Betty, a Nightingale nurse, whom he married in 1946. They had two children, Stephen and Anne, both of whom are doctors.

After junior posts in bacteriology at St Thomas' and a British postgraduate travelling fellowship spent …
Allergen Recognizing Pattern in Patients Sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Lepidoglyphus destructor
Authors: R.P. Reis, A.P. Pires, T. Fonseca, R. Murta, A.F. Ferrão, L.A. Patrício, E.M. Tomaz, F.C. Inácio
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Acute myeloid leukemia with translocation (8;16)(p11;p13) and MYST3-CREBBP rearrangement harbors a distinctive microRNA signature targeting RET proto-oncogene
Authors: M Díaz-Beyá, A Navarro, G Ferrer, T Díaz, B Gel, M Camós, M Pratcorona, M Torrebadell, M Rozman, D Colomer, M Monzo, J Esteve
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Constitutively Activated KIT in Mastocytosis Patients Is Associated with Decreased Levels of the Scavenger Protein DJ1 and Reciprocal Increases in Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Dokyun Kim, Michael A. Beaven, Glenn Cruse, Calman Prussin, Hirsh Komarow, Melody C. Carter, Dean D. Metcalfe, Ana Olivera
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Total transcriptome, proteome, and allergome of Johnson grass pollen, which is important for allergic rhinitis in subtropical regions
Authors: Bradley C Campbell, Edward K Gilding, Victoria Timbrell, Preethi Guru, Dorothy Loo, Danila Zennaro, Adriano Mari, Graham Solley, Michelle M Hill, Ian D Godwin, Janet M Davies
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-enhanced sequestration of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum in vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: C H Twort, C van Breemen
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the intracellular messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP) on sequestration of cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) into the intracellular Ca2+ store (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) of vascular smooth muscle. Using saponin-skinned primary cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle, we investigated the effect of cGMP on 45Ca uptake in monolayers of cells. The intracellular store was loaded with Ca2+ by exposing the skinned cells to a 45Ca-labeled 1-microM free Ca2+-containing solution for varying durations (0-20 minutes). Addition of 10 microM cGMP to six monolayers increased both the initial Ca2+ uptake at 2 minutes (control, 240 +/- 8 pmol Ca2+/10(6) cells; + cGMP 295 +/- 7; mean +/- SEM; n = 6, p less than 0.01) and the final steady-state uptake reached at 20 minutes (control, 0.96 +/- 0.03 nmol Ca2+/10(6) cells; + cGMP 1.12 +/- 0.03, p less than 0.02). This stimulation of uptake was quantitatively similar to that caused by 10 microM cyclic AMP. It occurred at varying ambient cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations (0.1-1.0 microM Ca2+) and was not further enhanced by addition of 10 microM cGMP-dependent protein kinase. The dose-response of stimulation of Ca2+ uptake with cGMP indicated an ED50 of 5 nM cGMP. The release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or caffeine was unaffected by cGMP. We conclude that the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle with cGMP-producing vasodilators is mediated in part by sequestration of cytosolic Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Conservative management of pregnancy in diabetic women.
Authors: J Murphy, J Peters, P Morris, T M Hayes, J F Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

In 1979 the obstetric management of pregnancies in diabetic women in Cardiff was changed from elective delivery at 37-38 weeks to delivery at term. This change was facilitated by home monitoring of blood glucose concentrations and improved techniques for assessing fetal wellbeing. There were 35 pregnancies in insulin dependent diabetics in 1972-8 and 45 in 1979-82. The quality of diabetic control during pregnancy was equally good in both periods. The average gestation at final admission to hospital increased from 30 to 37 weeks. Amniocentesis to assess fetal pulmonary maturity was necessary in 26 patients (74%) in the first period of study and in only four (9%) in the second. Gestational age at delivery increased from 37.4 to 39.4 weeks after the change in policy. The proportion of mothers entering spontaneous term labour and delivering vaginally increased from 14.3% to 37.8%. The mean birth weight of live born, singleton infants increased from 3090 g to 3650 g, the feeding pattern improved, and respiratory problems were less common. Morbidity was reduced and perinatal mortality was not increased with conservative management of pregnancy in diabetic women.
Coexistence of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and mycosis fungoides in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: M. Marschalkó, J. Csomor, N. Erős, Á. Szigeti, J. Hársing, J. Szakonyi, M. Désaknai, A. Matolcsy, J. Demeter, S. Kárpáti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Concordant lymphomas are histologically distinguishable lymphoid neoplasms involving different anatomical sites. These lymphomas are rarely seen and coexistence of more than two lymphomas is exceptional. We report a case of primary cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) followed by mycosis fungoides (MF) one and a half years later in a patient with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL). We describe a 75‐year‐old man in whom Rai stage II B‐CLL with good prognostic parameters was diagnosed in 1998; no treatment was necessitated. Skin symptoms started in August 2005 as firm nodules that coalesced into a 20 x 20 cm large ulcer below the right axillary region (Fig. 1a). Histological examination showed a dense, monomorphic dermal infiltrate composed of anaplastic cells larger than 30 μm with variable nuclei, irregular shape and with multiple, medium‐sized and prominent nucleoli (Fig. 1b). Cells showed strong positivity for CD30 (Fig. 1c), weak positivity for CD4 and intense cytoplasmic TIA‐1 staining. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase reaction, epithelial membrane antigen, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD79a and B‐cell markers were negative. A T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐γ gene rearrangement study did not reveal clonal gene rearrangement. The diagnosis of ALCL was established.