tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and control of hepatitis B infection: a perspective from the Philippines, Asia.
Authors: M A Lansang
Journal: Gut (1996)

The prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Philippines, as indicated by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, ranges from 2% to 16.5%, with an average of 12% in a study of rural villagers. Although mother to child transmission is a major route of HBV infection, other routes (particularly child to child transmission) play an important part after the first year of life. In a study assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating hepatitis B vaccine into the national Expanded Programme on Immunisation, the coverage rate for fully immunised 1 year olds ranged from 80.9-84% and anti-HBs seroconversion rates ranged from 72-88%. In countries where HBV is not endemic, high risk groups include commercial sex workers (CSWs) and intravenous drug users (IVDUs), who generally have higher HBsAg positivity rates than the general population. In countries with a high HBV endemicity, carrier rates may be only slightly higher among CSWs, suggesting that other modes of transmission are more important in those regions. CSWs who are also IVDUs are at even greater risk. If HBV infection is to be controlled, innovative education and screening programmes are needed, together with the mass immunisation of neonates now started in many countries around the world.
Shanghai, China, Has the Lowest Confirmed Incidence of Childhood Diabetes in the World
Authors: Hua Fu, Shui-Xian Shen, Zhao-Wen Chen, Jia-Jun Wang, Ting-Ting Ye, Ronald E LaPorte, Naoko Tajima
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

To determine the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 0- to 14-year-old children in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1991.Data were collected from hospitals with pediatric departments. The secondary source of validation was primary and middle schools.The average crude annual incidence rate was 0.61/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.77). The ascertainment-corrected incidence rates were 0.72/100,000 (0.57-0.91).The incidence of childhood diabetes in Shanghai, China, was one of the lowest, if not the lowest, in the world.
Return of Renal Function after Late Embolectomy
Authors: Richard P. Perkins, Dwight S. Jacobsen, Frederick P. Feder, Elliot O. Lipchik, Paul H. Fine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MAJOR renal-artery embolism is an uncommon event. The prognosis for return of function in cases of clinically total occlusion is considered poor unless flow is re-established promptly. If a single functioning kidney is involved, the situation is particularly grave, for normothermic human renal tissue has been reported experimentally to lose viability after two hours of total arterial occlusion.1 This report describes a case in which viability was sustained by surgical intervention thirty-nine days after an episode of embolism that produced oliguria.Case ReportW.S., a 57-year-old married woman, was transferred to the Strong Memorial Hospital on February 21, 1966, complaining . . .
Transforming growth factor-β superfamily ligand trap ACE-536 corrects anemia by promoting late-stage erythropoiesis
Authors: Rajasekhar N V S Suragani, Samuel M Cadena, Sharon M Cawley, Dianne Sako, Dianne Mitchell, Robert Li, Monique V Davies, Mark J Alexander, Matthew Devine, Kenneth S Loveday, Kathryn W Underwood, Asya V Grinberg, John D Quisel, Rajesh Chopra, R Scott Pearsall, Jasbir Seehra, Ravindra Kumar
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis: Current management and the prospect of targeted therapy
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

The recent discovery of JAK2 and/or MPL mutations in polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) has had a major impact on how we diagnose and treat these disorders. For instance, the presence of a JAK2 mutation is now considered conditio sine qua non for the diagnosis of PV and the World Health Organization classification system has recently revised its diagnostic criteria for PV, ET, and PMF to include JAK2 and MPL mutations as clonal markers. From the standpoint of treatment, JAK-STAT is now identified as a legitimate target pathway for drug development in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Herein, I will first outline my views regarding current management in ET, PV, and PMF and then discuss emerging data on preclinical and clinical activity of anti-JAK2 small molecule drugs. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Plight of young consultants
Authors: J C Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1977)

pharyngeal wall or uvula, and an anterior lingual polyp of this kind was reported by Miller and Owens.'It should probably be regarded as a congenital malformation, as was the nasopharyngeal nodule described by Kesson,2 rather than as a teratoma, which is a true tumour or neoplasm composed of multiple tissues of kinds foreign to the part in which it arises.The midline of the posterior part of the tongue is certainly a most unusual site for such a polyp and probably gave rise to the polyhydramnios by interfering with fetal swallowing.It is worth noting that solid tumours in the mouth occasionally cause problems of resuscitation in the newborn infant and, if pedunculated, may readily be removed in the delivery room.
Septicemia From Infected Caval 'Umbrella'
Authors: John H. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Transvenous interruption of the inferior vena cava for prevention of recurrent pulmonary embolism by the umbrella filter of Mobbin-Uddin has been extensively used for more than a decade. Such devices may be associated with immediate or remote complications. The presence of sepsis has been considered as a contraindication to insertion of the filter. We have seen a case of septicemia from infection of a previously inserted filter. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 56-year-old man was hospitalized with a febrile illness of one week's duration. There was a recent history of blunt injury of right elbow. Two years previous the patient had sustained fracture of the left fibula. This was followed by occurrence of angiographically proved pulmonary embolism, for which he was treated with anticoagulant agents. Because there was recurrence of pulmonary embolism, a 28-mm umbrella filter was inserted into the inferior vena cava at the level of
ICD Implantation and Evidence-Based Patient Selection
Authors: Jeanne E. Poole, Dan Fishbein, George H. Crossley
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The gap in your knowledge: gender on wheels.
Authors: A H Crisp, H Lincoln, M K Mintram, M Crutchfield, A V Bhat
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Among a group of young car drivers the size of the gap perceived as necessary to allow them to drive their cars through was related to their degree of measured fatness. This relationship extended to measured height and shoulder breadth in women and self-perception of shoulder breadth in men. No relationship could be found with the premenstrual phase in women. These findings may have important social implications.
Expression of cyclooxygenase type 2 in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy lesions
Authors: A.E.C. Kiszewski, E. Becerril, J. Baquera, R. Ruiz-Maldonado, R. HernAndez Pando
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Leprosy is an infectious disease with two polar forms, tuberculoid leprosy (TL) and lepromatous leprosy (LL), which are dominated by T-helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells, respectively. High concentrations of prostaglandin E2 produced by the inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) in LL could inhibit Th1 cytokine production, contributing to T-cell anergy.To compare the COX-2 expression in LL and TL.Skin biopsies from 40 leprosy patients (LL, n = 20; TL, n = 20) were used to determine by immunohistochemistry and automated morphometry the percentage of COX-2 immunostained cells.Most COX-2-positive cells were macrophages; their percentages in the inflammatory infiltrate located in the papillary dermis, reticular dermis and periadnexally were significantly higher in LL than TL (P < 0.001 by Student's t-test).The high expression of COX-2 in LL may be related to high prostaglandin production contributing to T-cell anergy.
Plasma sFas and sFas ligand levels in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and in those with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Yasuhide Hori, Hideo Wada, Yoshitaka Mori, Minori Shimura, Kazuyo Hiyoyama, Takahiro Nakasaki, Kazuhiro Nishii, Shigehisa Tamaki, Masakatsu Nishikawa, Katsumi Deguchi, Nobuyuki Minami, Hiroshi Shiku
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily, is 36 kD surface protein containing a single transmembrane region and induces apoptosis by Fas–Fas ligand binding. Soluble Fas (sFas) is produced as the form lacking 21 amino acid residues containing the transmembrane domain by alternative splicing. We found that the plasma sFas levels of 33 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), 19 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and 10 non-DIC patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) were significantly higher than those of 21 non-DIC patients without organ failure and those of 25 healthy volunteers. The plasma sFas ligand levels of the TTP/HUS patients, the DIC patients, and the non-DIC patients with MOF were significantly higher than those of the non-DIC patients without organ failure and those of the healthy volunteers. The plasma sFas levels were significantly correlated with the plasma sFas ligand levels in all subjects. The plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels were increased significantly in the TTP/HUS patients, the DIC patients, and the non-DIC patients with MOF compared with the levels of the non-DIC patients without organ failure and the healthy volunteers. The plasma sFas antigen levels were correlated significantly with the plasma TM levels in all subjects. These findings suggest that the increases of sFas and sFas ligand that cause apoptosis might be related to the vascular endothelial cell injuries in TTP and DIC with organ failure. Am. J. Hematol. 61:21–25, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Some Pitfalls of Vectorcardiographic Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction with Particular Respect to Emphysema
Authors: KAZUHIKO MURATA, SATORU MATSUSHITA, HIROSHI KURIHARA, MASUJI SEKI
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Vectorcardiographic changes indicating old myocardial infarction were observed in eight of 288 patients who at autopsy did not show extensive myocardial disease. Of these eight patients four had been given a misdiagnosis of anteroseptal infarction, while four had been suspected of having anterolateral or anterior infarction on the basis of an abnormal configuration of the initial portion of the QRS loop. The possibility of overdiagnosis of myocardial infarction should be borne in mind in reading vectorcardiograms, especially in the absence of clear-cut history of the condition. A prominent Q wave simulating anteroseptal or anterior infarction was observed in lead V 2 or V 3 , or in both in 12-lead electrocardiograms in all these eight cases. A high incidence of coronary sclerosis, scattered myocardial fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema was noted in these false positive cases at autopsy, but right ventricular hypertrophy, significant septal hypertrophy, or giant right atrium was not demonstrated.
A phase I/II dose escalating trial evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of clevudine in patients chronically infected with HBV
Authors: P. Marcellin, G.K.K. Lau, H. Mommeja-Marin, S. Sacks, D. Sereni, J.P. Bronowicki, B. Conway, C. Trepo, E. Mondou, A. Snow, B.C. Yoo, H.S. Lee, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Risk of breast cancer is also increased among retired US female airline cabin attendants
Authors: D. Wartenberg, C. P. Stapleton
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—An excess incidence of breast cancer has been reported among Finnish1 and Danish2 airline cabin attendants (standardised incidence ratio 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.2) and 1.6 (0.9 to 2.7) respectively). In a retrospective cohort survey of retired flight attendants from one US airline we also found an excess incidence of breast cancer (standardised incidence ratio=2.0 (1.0 to 4.3)) (unpublished data).

Neither of the previous reports identified a cause for this excess incidence. One suggested that, on the basis of estimated exposures, radiation …
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the chemoprevention of colorectal and oesophageal cancers.
Authors: G Morgan
Journal: Gut (1996)

Leading articleNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the chemoprevention of colorectal and oesophageal cancers In recent years, several areas of biological research have increasingly supported the suggestion that aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the occurrence or progression of colorectal and, to a lesser extent, oesophageal cancer or both.This suggestion is supported by consistent biochemical, pharmacological, toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological messages.This leading article reviews the evidence and demonstrates how these diverse studies can be translated into strategies for NSAID intervention trials in cohorts at risk of colorectal and oesophageal cancer. NSAIDs and colorectal cancerIn 1977, Bennett et all noted increased concentrations of prostaglandins in colorectal cancer tissue when compared with normal colorectal mucosa.Given the pharmacological ability of NSAIDs to inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX-1) enzyme and thereby block prostaglandin synthesis, several research groups (notably Pollard and Luckert and Narisawa et al) soon considered the effects of NSAIDs on chemically induced cancers in rodents.Landmark studies then showed that NSAIDs could both prevent and reverse colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.23 Since then more than 20 studies have been published and nearly all have confirmed the original reports.Indeed, the chemopreventive properties of several NSAIDs including aspirin,4 indomethacin,5 piroxicam,6 and sulindac7 have been shown.Clinical experience with NSAIDs included a series of case reports8 9 and randomised trials,10 11 which demon- strated the ability of sulindac to reduce the size and number of colorectal polyps occurring in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).These findings have important public health implications as it is likely that the adenoma/carcinoma sequence in FAP patients is similar to that of the general population.This concept is supported by recent epidemiological findings of a
Genome-wide profiling of HPV integration in cervical cancer identifies clustered genomic hot spots and a potential microhomology-mediated integration mechanism
Authors: Zheng Hu, Da Zhu, Wei Wang, Weiyang Li, Wenlong Jia, Xi Zeng, Wencheng Ding, Lan Yu, Xiaoli Wang, Liming Wang, Hui Shen, Changlin Zhang, Hongjie Liu, Xiao Liu, Yi Zhao, Xiaodong Fang, Shuaicheng Li, Wei Chen, Tang Tang, Aisi Fu, Zou Wang, Gang Chen, Qinglei Gao, Shuang Li, Ling Xi, Changyu Wang, Shujie Liao, Xiangyi Ma, Peng Wu, Kezhen Li, Shixuan Wang, Jianfeng Zhou, Jun Wang, Xun Xu, Hui Wang, Ding Ma
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
The Edinburgh intercalated honours BSc in pathology: evaluation of selection methods, undergraduate performance, and postgraduate career.
Authors: A H Wyllie, A R Currie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In a study of 60 students who entered the intercalated honours BSc course in pathology at the University of Edinburgh over 10 years the conventional criteria of academic excellence and motivation were shown to be appropriate for the selection of honours students. When compared with classmates who did not take the intercalated year but who had shown similar high academic ability in the preclinical course the students who had taken the honours BSc did better in the remainder of the undergraduate curriculum. Of 42 honours students, 18 (43%) entered academic careers, particularly in pathology and medicine, but there was no observed tendency for students without honours BSc to do so. Although it is impossible to establish a causal relation between taking the honours course and subsequent academic distinction, the results suggest that the intercalated honours BSc in pathology serves a useful function in introducing able students into academic careers. The findings justify the financial support made available to such students during their intercalated year by the Medical Research Council and the Scottish Education Department.
Improving Structured Abstracts
Authors: Richard F. LeBlond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1989Improving Structured AbstractsRichard F. LeBlond, MDRichard F. LeBlond, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-9-764_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The editors are to be congratulated for encouraging the use of a rational, standardized format for abstracts. I would like to propose a further step toward clear and standard reporting: expression of benefits and morbidity in terms of the entire group treated, the only prospectively identifiable denominator. In this way true comparisons of benefit and morbidity can be made. Many large controlled trials present benefits as percentage change in relative risk and morbidity as raw percentage of the total group treated. This form of presentation creates an exaggerated sense of benefit and diminishes the apparent magnitude of...Reference1. FrickEloHaapa MOK. Helsinki Heart Study: primary prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1237-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Park Clinic, PC PO Box 1139 Livingston, MT 59047 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReporting of numerical and statistical differences in abstractsMore Informative Abstracts RevisitedAbsolutely relative: How research results are summarized can affect treatment decisionsMore Informative Abstracts RevisitedR. Brian Haynes, MD, PhD, Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Edward J. Huth, MD, Douglas G. Altman, BSc, Martin J. Gardner, PhD 1 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 9Page: 764-764KeywordsMorbidityRelative risk Issue Published: 1 November 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TWO EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATING POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ERROR IN THE DIPHTHERIA CULTURE TEST.
Authors: A. P. OHLMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The diphtheria culture test, valuable as it is in clinical diagnosis, is not infallible. Indeed it would be strange to find it an absolutely certain method, dealing as it does with forms of life confessedly prone to sudden, and at present, inexplicable variations. The following examples are cited because they illustrate some puzzling occurrences in routine bacteriologic work, and because they impress us with the necessity of due scientific conservatism in even so apparently simple an operation as the culture test for diphtheria. The first case came to notice in Chicago, in February, 1894. A Prudden swab was kindly brought to the laboratory by Dr. J. B. Loring, of Valparaiso, Ind. The swab was obtained from a case which had all the clinical features of true faucial diphtheria, and the provisional diagnosis of diphtheria was strengthened by the fact that diphtheria was endemic at the time in Valparaiso, and that
Abstract 2033: A comprehensive 3D triple coculture model for evaluating breast cancer progression
Authors: Gabriel J. Benton, Jay George, Gerald DeGray, Irina Arnaoutova, Hynda K. Kleinman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Current models for evaluating breast cancer progression lack a comprehensive, physiological approach to modeling the complex tumor microenvironment. There has been much evidence supporting the use of tumor spheroids to mimic tumor physiology; they exhibit cell-cell bond formation, comparable morphology, elevated cell survival and proliferation in the outer cell layers, reduced proliferation rates in the intermediate layers, and a hypoxic core. While the tumor spheroid provides a physiological tumor model, other cell types within the surrounding tumor microenvironment are essential for tumor behavior and subsequent cancer progression. The tissue vasculature provides a critical component for tumor progression given the metabolic requirements of a growing tumor, and by incorporating endothelial tubules with the tumor spheroid, we are able to model interactions between vascular networks and growing tumors. At the same time, there is also an important stromal component involved in cancer progression where stromal cells have been shown to promote cell proliferation, dissemination, and drug resistance during cancer development. By using extracellular matrix proteins, we are able to promote the proper physiology for each of these cell types in triple cell coculture and compartmentalize their activities. To evaluate interactions between each cell type, they are fluorescently labeled with fluorophores with different excitation and emission spectra; MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines express a red fluorescence protein, while human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are labeled with stable lipophilic membrane dyes. Tumor spheroids are formed using low adhesion microwells and deposited into fully formed HUVEC tubular networks, and the hMSCs are then added within a hydrogel overlay matrix. Cellular interactions and dissemination are monitored via fluorescence microscopy and cell proliferation of the breast cancer cells is monitored using a fluorescence plate reader. The breast cancer spheroids exhibit cell-cell interactions with endothelial tubules and stromal cells, and there is an increase in cell proliferation and invasion over standard spheroid monoculture model. Citation Format: Gabriel J. Benton, Jay George, Gerald DeGray, Irina Arnaoutova, Hynda K. Kleinman. A comprehensive 3D triple coculture model for evaluating breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2033. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2033
TWO SEVERE REACTIONS TO BENZODIAZEPINE COMPOUNDS
Authors: ROBERT J. DALY, FRANCIS J. KANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Two cases of severe reactions to benzodiazepine drugs, the first in combination with pentobarbital and the second to the use of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam in overdosage, are reported. Full recovery ensued in both cases with no abstinence syndrome seen on withdrawal in either case.