tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Power of oesophageal peristalsis can be controlled voluntarily.
Authors: R M Valori, M T Hallisey, J Dunn
Journal: Gut (1991)

The hypothesis that oesophageal peristalsis can be modified voluntarily was explored. Six healthy male volunteers and eight female patients with angina like chest pain underwent oesophageal manometry. Each was asked to take a series of swallows, and to vary their size, in random order, by taking either a big gulp or a little swallow. None of the subjects experienced difficulty in doing so. In both groups the amplitude of oesophageal contractions were significantly greater after big gulps than little swallows (p less than 0.01) and this was true for wet (82.0 v 68.9 mmHg) and dry swallows (52.3 v 43.3 mmHg). For the patients' wet swallows the mean values were 73.0 and 56.0 mmHg. Thus, the amplitude of oesophageal peristalsis can be controlled voluntarily. This effect may account for some of the within subject variation in the amplitude of oesophageal contractions. During oesophageal manometry subjects should be encouraged to standardise the size of their swallows whenever possible. Patients with symptoms related to abnormal oesophageal peristalsis such as dysphagia, heartburn, and chest pain may benefit from biofeedback training.
Fluvastatin prevents cardiac events following successful percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel disease: The lescolfi intervention prevention study
Authors: Pedro A. Lemos, G. Boxho, Dick Goedhart, B. O'Neil, J.P. Broustet, G. Berghoefer, C. Alonso, A. Boehmer, Pim de Feyter, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Professional Organizations’ Role in Supporting Physicians to Improve Value in Health Care
Authors: Leah Marcotte, Christopher Moriates, Arnold Milstein
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Histopathological findings in cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis associated with solid-organ malignancy
Authors: J.O. Podjasek, D.A. Wetter, C.N. Wieland, M.J. Camilleri, C.M. Lohse
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Histopathological findings in biopsy specimens from patients with cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV) secondary to solid-organ malignancy have not been previously reported. Objectives We aimed to understand better the differences in histopathological findings between biopsy specimens from patients with CSVV associated with solid-organ malignancies and patients with CSVV secondary to other causes. Methods From a previously published group of patients with CSVV and solid-organ malignancy, we identified patients with available histopathology slides of biopsy specimens. We compared histopathological findings from these patients with those from 68 previously published patients with Henoch–Schönlein purpura not associated with solid-organ malignancy (60% male). Results We identified 15 patients (eight male, 53%) with available slides from biopsy specimens. The mean age of these patients with solid-organ malignancy-associated CSVV was 66·6 years, compared with 45·8 years in the Henoch–Schönlein purpura cases not associated with solid-organ malignancy (P < 0·001). Solid-organ malignancy-associated CSVV was less likely to demonstrate papillary dermal oedema (P = 0·04), papillary dermal inflammation (P < 0·001) and lymphocytes (P < 0·001), and more likely to have plasma cells (P = 0·02). Additionally, we detected nonsignificant differences in the presence of histiocytes (P = 0·05), intravascular thrombosis (P = 0·052) and microabscess formation (P = 0·06). Conclusions CSVV associated with solid-organ malignancies tended to have deeper dermal involvement and a different cellular milieu from cases not associated with solid-organ malignancies. In addition, the patients with CSVV with solid-organ malignancies were significantly older than those without. Prospective studies with age-matched controls are needed to determine the clinical significance of the histopathological differences in solid-organ malignancy-associated CSVV.
Specificity of antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae that stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis. Role of antibodies directed against lipooligosaccharides.
Authors: P Densen, S Gulati, P A Rice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Five strains each of Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitive or resistant to complement (C) dependent killing by normal human serum (NHS) were examined for their ability to stimulate chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) after preincubation with NHS; or IgM or IgG derived from NHS. Serum-sensitive N. gonorrhoeae stimulated C-dependent chemotaxis when opsonized with IgM, but not IgG, however, serum-resistant strains, taken as a whole, failed to promote chemotaxis when opsonized with either isotype. IgM titers in NHS against lipooligosaccharide (LOS) antigens from individual serum-sensitive, but not serum-resistant strains, correlated with the magnitude of chemotaxis generated by the corresponding opsonized strains (r = 0.99). Western blots demonstrated that IgM and IgG from NHS recognized different antigenic determinants on LOS from serum-sensitive gonococci. IgM from NHS immunopurified against serum-sensitive LOS accounted for two-thirds of the chemotaxis promoting activity present in whole serum. IgG titers in NHS against LOS antigens from individual serum-resistant strains also correlated with magnitude of chemotaxis generated by the corresponding opsonized strains (r = 0.87), although most opsonized serum-resistant strains did not generate significantly higher magnitudes of chemotaxis than controls. In contrast, a serum-resistant isolate from a patient with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) stimulated chemotaxis when opsonized with IgG obtained from the patient's convalescent serum. By Western blot, convalescent IgG antibody recognized an additional determinant on serum-resistant LOS not seen by normal IgG.
Quality of care for poor Americans varies widely from state to state
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The quality of care given to low income Americans depends a great deal on where they live, a new report says.

The report, prepared by the Commonwealth Fund, looked at 30 indicators of such factors as access to care, provision of preventive care, quality of care, and health outcomes among low income residents of all 50 states and the District of Columbia.1 The fund, a non-partisan foundation headquartered in New York City, discovered disparities between the best and worst performing states of up to fourfold in some measures.

Differences between states were particularly wide in access to affordable care, provision of preventive care, history of dental disease, prescription drug safety, hospitalizations that were potentially preventable, and premature death, the report said.

The proportion of low income adults …
Skin test evaluation of genetically engineered hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1: Results obtained with a mix of two recombinant Bet v 1 fragments and recombinant Bet v 1 trimer in a Swedish population before the birch pollen season☆☆☆★
Authors: Marianne van Hage-Hamsten, Marianne Kronqvist, Olle Zetterström, Eva Johansson, Verena Niederberger, Susanne Vrtala, Hans Grönlund, Reidar Grönneberg, Rudolf Valenta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Pseudotumor Cerebri Associated with Initiation of Levothyroxine Therapy for Juvenile Hypothyroidism
Authors: Cornelis Van Dop, Felix A. Conte, Thomas K. Koch, Susan J. Clark, Suzanne L. Wilson-Davis, Melvin M. Grumbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Pseudotumor CEREBRI (benign intracranial hypertension), a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure without focal neurologic dysfunction, occurs in association with a variety of endocrine and metabolic disorders. Thyroid disorders have not been described in association with pseudotumor cerebri except in two reports of hyperthyroidism1 , 2 and two reports on patients receiving thyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism.3 , 4 In fact, when thyroxine has been used in appropriate doses as replacement therapy for hypothyroidism, it has been associated with very few side effects. We now describe two children in whom pseudotumor cerebri developed shortly after the initiation of thyroid therapy for hypothyroidism due to autoimmune . . .
564 HIV INFECTION OF CHRONICALLY HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV)-INFECTED HUMAN HEPATIC AND STELLATE CELL LINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATHOGENESIS OF HIV-HBV CO-INFECTION
Authors: D.M. Iser, A. Solomon, S. Saleh, N. Warner, W. Sievert, P.U. Cameron, P.V. Desmond, S.A. Locarnini, S.R. Lewin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Heart Sounds in Patients with Homograft Replacement of the Mitral Valve
Authors: RALPH E. GIANELLY, RICHARD L. POPP, HERBERT N. HULTGREN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Phonocardiographic, hemodynamic, angiographic, and cardiac echographic studies have been performed on 11 patients whose diseased mitral valves have been replaced by a supported aortic valve homograft. The chordae tendineae and papillary muscles were removed in all patients during the operation. Apical first heart sounds of normal intensity were present in all patients after surgery. Nine patients exhibited splitting of the first sound. The initial component occurred when bulging of the homograft leaflets into the atrium was suddenly checked after the onset of ventricular systole. The second component occurred at the onset of rapid annular motion toward the base. Both sounds thus appear to originate in the homograft valve. Four patients had third heart sounds of left ventricular origin. The homograft leaflets were open and demonstrated no abrupt motion at the time of the third sound. It is evident that the third heart sound may occur in the absence of chordae tendineae and papillary muscles.
Outcome of Surgical Salvage for Local Failures Following Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)
Authors: N.E. Verstegen, F.J. Lagerwaard, M.A. Paul, E.F. Smit, M.I.M. Versteegh, J.J.A. Joosten, B.J. Slotman, S. Senan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Abstract 4541: Binding and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor isoforms in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Maria Mudryj, Stephen J. Libertini, Honglin Chen, Bushra Al-Bataina, Hsing-Jien Kung, Paramita M. Ghosh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate carcinoma (CaP) is a heterogeneous multifocal disease where gene expression and regulation is altered as the disease progresses but the androgen receptor (AR) continues to be a pivotal regulatory molecule. The 22Rv1 castrate resistant cell line, derived from the androgen dependent CWR22 xenograft model, continues to express the AR and remains androgen responsive. However, in additional to the full length AR, these cells also express several low molecular weight isoforms. These isoforms are the predominant (95%) forms present in the nucleus in castrate androgen levels. siRNA knockdown of all AR isoforms in castrate levels of androgen decreases cell growth indicating that AR is required for proliferation. Analysis of ChIP-promoter array data identified 128 binding sites (FDR&amp;lt;=0.05) in Rv1 cells proliferating in androgen-depleted media. A closer examination of these 128 binding sites revealed that 20% of the sites showed exactly the same start and end position in the absence or presence of DHT. The remainder (80%) were within ∼35-1000bp upstream of the start position or downstream of the end position. Only 6% of the binding sites contained the palendromic consensus AR-response element and 48% contained the AR half-site motif. The 128 binding sites were associated with 118 genes. To define the role of AR binding in regulating transcription, the expression of 20 of the 118 genes was analyzed following knockdown of AR in castrate levels of androgen. One third of these genes are transactivated, while 1/3 are repressed, arguing that AR activating and repressing complexes co-exist in these cells. Notably the expression of CDKN1B (p27) RNA and protein is highly activated following AR knockdown, suggesting that AR-dependent repression of this cell cycle inhibitor may be important for proliferation of 22Rv1 cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4541. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4541
Cesarean Section Rates in the United States
Authors: Leslie Iffy
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Norbert Gleicher<sup>1</sup>frankly addresses the fact that while in high-risk centers the cesarean section rate leveled out at 12% to 15%, it continued rising to 30% to 35% in surburban hospitals. He correctly comments, "Only the media noted the difference. Medical organizations never did." Nonetheless, some of his suggestions are not beyond dispute. In the 1960s, peer review committees blindly adhered to the prevailing misconception that the rate of cesarean sections should not exceed 4% to 5%. Progress came through the effort of those physicians who dared to defy the authorities of the time. I do not consider fetal scalp blood sampling helpful in reducing cesarean section rates since it is relatively inaccurate,<sup>2</sup>exposes the fetus to infection,<sup>3</sup>and serves as a relative contraindication to the use of the vacuum extractor,<sup>4</sup>which in our service is the
Exploiting Tumor Vulnerabilities: Epigenetics, Cancer Metabolism and the mTOR Pathway in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo, Eva González-Suárez, Anna Portela, Antonio Gentilella, Manel Esteller
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Patient stratification according to drug responses, together with the discovery of novel antitumor targets, is leading to a new era of personalized cancer treatments. With the aim of identifying emerging pathways and the challenges faced by clinicians during clinical trials, the IDIBELL Cancer Conference on Personalized Cancer Medicine took place in Barcelona on December 3-4, 2012. This conference brought together speakers working in different areas of cancer research (epigenetics, metabolism and the mTOR pathway, cell death and the immune system, clinical oncology) to discuss the latest developments in personalized cancer medicine.
Prediction of gall-stone pancreatitis by computer.
Authors: D F Graham, F J Wyllie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The clinical features at presentation of 53 patients admitted with primary acute pancreatitis due to gall stones were compared with those of 31 patients in whom the disease was due to other causes. Between these two groups 10 significant differences existed. By listing the frequency of symptoms and signs for each group a computer data base was prepared and incorporated into a program used in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. A program written to predict the presence of gall stones in patients with acute pancreatitis was accurate in 92% of the patients studied. A predictive index devised from the presence of three of the significantly differing clinical features correctly identified 82% of patients with gall-stone pancreatitis. Predicting the presence of gall stones on admission by analysing the presenting symptoms and signs with a computer had an accuracy comparable to that of ultrasonography or radiology and may be of value in the management of patients with acute pancreatitis.
Intrinsic myocardial recovery from the negative inotropic effects of acute hypercapnia
Authors: P. FOEX, R. M. M. FORDHAM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

The inotropic effects of hypercapnia have been examined in the isometric papillary muscle preparation from the cat. The initial stage of depression which resulted from the acute induction of hypercapnia was followed by a significant degree of spontaneous recovery during the next hour. When the carbon dioxide concentration was returned to normal a temporary rebound in performance to well above control levels was observed. These findings are interpreted as being due to slow changes arising within heart muscle itself which partially compensate for the direct inotropic depressant effect of hypercapnia.
Alzheimer Disease: Clinical and Biological Heterogeneity
Authors: Robert P. Friedland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The clinical and biological features of Alzheimer disease are not uniform in their expression; heterogeneity is evident in the disease's clinical, anatomic, and physiologic characteristics. The presence of considerable intersubject and intrasubject heterogeneity suggests that subtypes of the disease exist. We define subtypes of Alzheimer disease in regard to the behavioral features (for example, predominant right or left hemisphere, or symmetrical impairment), inheritance (familial or sporadic), dosage of chromosome 21 (presence of the Down syndrome), time course of progression, age of onset (presenile or senile), and presence or absence of motor deficit (myoclonus or signs of an extrapyramidal syndrome). Studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography and [18-fluorine] fluorodeoxyglucose show focal alterations in glucose use, with cerebral metabolic asymmetries in patients with Alzheimer disease that are related to the nature of the cognitive deficit. Serial roentgenographic computed tomographic studies show heterogeneous rates of lateral ventricle enlargement in the disease that are related to rates of cognitive decline. Similar anatomic and physiologic abnormalities are also found in persons 45 years of age or older who have the Down syndrome. Furthermore, patients with Alzheimer disease who have extrapyramidal dysfunction or myoclonus are a distinct subgroup, with specific abnormalities of central monoamine markers of dopamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, and the hydroxylation cofactor, biopterin. The concept of subtypes in Alzheimer disease serves as a model with which the interactions of genetic influences with environmental factors can be examined.
Complementary Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of a Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: JOSEPH J JUNEWICK, CARLOS BEKERMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Mycotic aneurysm is rare, especially since the advent of antibiotic therapy. Etiologies include septicemia, intimal injury, intravenous drug abuse, endocarditis, diabetes mellitus, and contiguous soft tissue infection. Prognosis is related to the virulence of the infecting organism, location of the aneurysm, and the timeliness of diagnosis. Diagnosis is dependent upon clinical suspicion and corroboration by various imaging modalities. This case illustrates the use of In-111 leukocyte scintigraphy in demonstrating the acute inflammatory nature of a mycotic aneurysm.
Oxford hospital suspends paediatric cardiac surgery after four deaths
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The John Radcliffe Hospital has suspended paediatric cardiac surgery while it investigates the deaths of four children who had operations at the hospital in the past three months.

In a statement, the hospital says its paediatric cardiac surgery service has been temporarily suspended while it investigates concerns that have been raised. “Our investigations are likely to include an external review of the deaths of some very sick children (four children) who underwent surgery at the John Radcliffe Hospital in the last three months,” it said.

The outcomes for paediatric cardiac surgery in the United Kingdom are monitored nationally by the Central Cardiac Audit Database, which requires hospitals to provide data on all children who undergo cardiac surgery. The John Radcliffe Hospital said that its figures are “within normal outcome ranges.”

“Any hospital might, at some time, have a run of deaths in …
Variation of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide structure is due to alterations in poly-G tracts in lgt genes encoding glycosyl transferases.
Authors: Q L Yang, E C Gotschlich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) expressed by gonococci spontaneously varies its structure at high frequency, but the underlying genetic mechanism has not been described. We have previously reported that the genes encoding the glycosyl transferases responsible for the biosynthesis of the variable alpha chain of the LOS of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are located in a locus containing five genes, lgtA, lgtB, lgtC, lgtD, and lgtE. Sequence analysis showed that lgtA, lgtC, and lgtD contained poly-G tracts within the coding frames, leading to the hypothesis that shifts in the number of guanosine residues in the poly-G tracts might be responsible for the high frequency variation in structure of gonococcal LOS. We now provide experimental evidence confirming this hypothesis.
Is mycophenolate mofetil a new alternative in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: D H PRESENT
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page 625 

As knowledge of the overactive immune response becomes clearer, the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to evolve rapidly from the use of anti-inflammatory agents to the use of immunomodulatory agents. A wide variety of medications have been shown to be effective in both uncontrolled and controlled trials in either or both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.1 These include 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine,2 tacrolimus, interleukin 10, ISIS 2302, and infliximab (a monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor α).

In this issue (see page 625) a randomised trial reports that treatment with mycofenolate mofetil (MMF) plus steroids was as effective as the combination of azathioprine plus steroids in obtaining a clinical response in chronic active Crohn’s disease. The study further suggests that onset of remission was more rapid in those patients with highly active disease and that there were few adverse side effects.

6-Mercaptopurine and its parent drug azathioprine are currently the agents of choice for the treatment of Crohn’s disease (and in my experience, for ulcerative colitis as well). Several enzyme systems convert 6-MP to either inactive metabolites or to the 6-thioguanine nucleotides which are purine antagonists and inhibit synthesis of protein, …