tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Case of Castleman’s Disease with ”Downhill” Varices in the Absence of Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Authors: E. Serin, B. Özer, Y. Gümürdülü, T. Yıldırım, O. Barutçu, S. Boyacioglu
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

“Downhill esophageal varices”, classically defined as those that develop in the upper region of the esophagus, are less common than the “uphill” type, which is usually produced by portal hypertension. Various causes of downhill varices have been reported, but mediastinal tumor is the most common responsible lesion. Castleman's disease, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare pathological process of unknown etiology that usually develops in the mediastinum. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman whose large esophageal varices were detected incidentally. The cause was a mediastinal mass which was diagnosed as Castleman's disease on histopathological examination of a surgical specimen. This patient's varices most likely formed as a result of copious blood drainage from the tumor into the esophageal veins. Evidence for this was the lack of the classic downhill pattern, the absence of superior vena cava obstruction, and the fact that the varices resolved after the tumor was removed. It is our opinion that this type of varices should be renamed, and we suggest that “overflow varices” would be an appropriate term.
Gram-Negative Sepsis With Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Anthony R. Zappacosta
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Acute intrinsic renal failure occurred in an adult patient with<i>Escherichia coli</i>septicemia. The clinical course did not include any of the circumstances usually present when acute renal failure complicates Gram-negative sepsis. A renal biopsy showed acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. There was no evidence to support other known causes of acute parenchymal renal failure, such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, or vasculitis. The patient recovered completely with antibiotic therapy, and renal function returned to normal within two weeks. An immunologic mechanism involving<i>E coli</i>was considered responsible for the acute renal failure. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1389-1390, 1977)
Sex Education in Schools— A Polemic
Authors: Charles C. McVaugh
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The American Medical Association has seen fit to endorse sex education programs in "all segments of the school population." I do not believe this endorsement represents the majority opinion of the medical profession and I would like to know who is responsible for this endorsement. In your editorial appears the statement: "The medical profession can render a public service by emphasizing the need for public sex education programs." Will you kindly furnish me with the evidence or basis on which you have determined that such a need, in fact, exists?
Medical Complications of Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Louis L. Cregler, Herbert Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The earliest known use of cocaine, as suggested by the finding of coca leaves in the tombs of Indian mummies, was in 600 A.D.1 2 3 For centuries, the large population of Indians in Peru have chewed coca leaves. Although the first reported medicinal use of coca leaves was by a Spanish physician in 1596, it was not until 1855 that cocaine was isolated from the leaves. In 1884 Freud produced the first major report on the effects of cocaine.1 Most of the cocaine that currently enters the United States comes from either Colombia or Peru. It is believed that about half . . .
SEVEN-YEAR INCREASE IN EXERCISE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AT 100W PREDICTS LONG-TERM RISK OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN HEALTHY MIDDLE-AGED MEN
Authors: Per Torger Skretteberg, Irene Grundvold, Sverre Kjeldsen, Knut Gjesdal, Knut Liest&oslash;l, Jan Emil Erikssen, Gunnar Erikssen, Johan Bodegard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Gender Income Disparities Can Be Explained by Alternative Factors
Authors: Balamurali Ambati
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Differential Evolutionary Dynamics of Duplicated Paralogous Adh Loci in Allotetraploid Cotton (Gossypium)
Authors: Randall L. Small, Jonathan F. Wendel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Levels and patterns of nucleotide diversity vary widely among lineages. Because allopolyploid species contain duplicated (homoeologous) genes, studies of nucleotide diversity at homoeologous loci may facilitate insight into the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated loci. In this study, we describe patterns of sequence diversity from an alcohol dehydrogenase homoeologous locus pair (AdhC) in allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium, Malvaceae). These data are compared with equivalent information from another homoeologous alcohol dehydrogenase gene pair (AdhA, Small, Ryburn, and Wendel 1999 . Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:491–501) which has an overall slower evolutionary rate than AdhC. As expected from the predicted correlation between nucleotide diversity and evolutionary rate, nucleotide diversity was higher for AdhC than for AdhA. In addition, nucleotide diversity is higher in the D-subgenome of allotetraploid cotton for AdhC, confirming earlier observations for AdhA. These observations indicate that for these two pairs of Adh loci, the null hypothesis of equivalent evolutionary dynamics for duplicated genes in allotetraploid cotton is rejected.
Which Hospitals Have Significantly Better or Worse Than Expected Mortality Rates for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients?
Authors: George J. Stukenborg, Douglas P. Wagner, Frank E. Harrell, M. Norman Oliver, Steven W. Heim, Amy L. Price, Caroline Kim Han, Andrew M. D. Wolf, Alfred F. Connors
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Public reports that compare hospital mortality rates for patients with acute myocardial infarction are commonly used strategies for improving the quality of care delivered to these patients. Fair comparisons of hospital mortality rates require thorough adjustments for differences among patients in baseline mortality risk. This study examines the effect on hospital mortality rate comparisons of improved risk adjustment methods using diagnoses reported as present-at-admission.Logistic regression models and related methods originally used by California to compare hospital mortality rates for patients with acute myocardial infarction are replicated. These results are contrasted with results obtained for the same hospitals by patient-level mortality risk adjustment models using present-at-admission diagnoses, using 3 statistical methods of identifying hospitals with higher or lower than expected mortality: indirect standardization, adjusted odds ratios, and hierarchical models. Models using present-at-admission diagnoses identified substantially fewer hospitals as outliers than did California model A for each of the 3 statistical methods considered.Large improvements in statistical performance can be achieved with the use of present-at-admission diagnoses to characterize baseline mortality risk. These improvements are important because models with better statistical performance identify different hospitals as having better or worse than expected mortality.
Cost of anaesthetic agents.
Authors: J S Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

matter, and perfume.'It has been found that both the quaternary ammonium compounds and the amido-amines give positive results with tests for proteinuria using tetrabromo- phenolphthalein and tetrabromophenol blue (Albustix).Since our health visitors have advised the mothers to place the filter- paper in nappies not treated with fabric softeners the incidence of false positive tests has markedly fallen.
Radiographic results are still not routinely reported
Authors: S. C Bamber
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Many clinicians will be surprised to learn that hospitals in the United Kingdom do not routinely report the results from all plain radiographs before filing them. A consultant radiologist recently told me that his department does not report “a significant proportion of radiographs” because there are not enough resources to do so. They are “working on a …
Response of Patients with Hodgkin's Disease to Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: David R. Minor, Gerald Schiffman, Linda Sue McINTOSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Postsplenectomy, 41 patients previously treated for Hodgkin's disease were given pneumococcal vaccine, and type-specific antibody levels were measured before and after immunization. Postimmunization antibody levels in patients with Hodgkin's disease were significantly lower than those in normal control subjects for 10 of the 12 serotypes measured. Mean postimmunization antibody level for patients (587 ± 427 ng of antibody nitrogen/mL) was much lower than that for control subjects (1787 ± 694). Antibody levels tended to increase with time from therapy for Hodgkin's disease, and several patients who had not received therapy for more than 3 years had normal responses to immunization. Despite vaccination, one patient developed pneumococcal meningitis and another, pneumococcal bacteremia. Both infected patients had low postimmunization mean antibody levels (282 and 137 ng/mL, respectively). Postsplenectomy sepsis in patients with Hodgkin's disease is related to a humoral immune deficiency probably induced by radiation and chemotherapy, and this immune deficiency persists for several years.
Nutrition and Policy. 3: Food Industry Response to Nutritional Standards
Authors: Aaron Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents15 June 1999Nutrition and Policy. 3: Food Industry Response to Nutritional StandardsAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Remember when your morning bowl of cereal only needed to taste good and fill you up until lunch? Today, whether they sell cereal or hamburgers or soup or wine, food growers and processors stir nutrition into their marketing plans, looking for another competitive edge as shoppers cruise supermarket aisles. According to one analyst of food policy, the industry's role is really circular, because producers lobby extensively in Washington to influence the formulation of guidelines and respond to them once they are issued (Intl J Health Service. 23:483-96, 1993).The percentages of recommended daily allowances (RDAs) listed on food packaging are ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAn exploratory study of eating patterns of Singapore children and teenagers 15 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 12Page: 1033-1036KeywordsAlcoholsDietFoodHeartMilkNutritionSaltsTasteVitaminsWine Issue Published: 15 June 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Studies of Immune-Complex Glomerulonephritis Mediated by Human Thyroglobulin
Authors: Stanley C. Jordan, Bruce Buckingham, Rebecca Sakai, David Olson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

GLOMERULAR immunoglobulin and complement deposits in patients with immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis can be readily demonstrated with immunofluorescence techniques. However, identification of the antigens involved in immune-complex formation is a far more formidable task. In certain forms of human glomerulonephritis, endogenous antigens (nuclear, renal-tubular brush border, tumor, and immunoglobulin antigens) have been associated with nephritogenic immune-complex formation.1 2 3 4 Our studies and the research of other investigators have shown that human thyroglobulin can also be a nephritogenic antigen in human glomerulonephritis5 6 7 8; however, the relation of circulating immune complexes to glomerular immune-complex deposits has not been determined.8 This report establishes the nephritogenic capacity of . . .
Complementary DNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus demonstrate a previously undetectable deletion in a patient with dystrophic myopathy, glycerol kinase deficiency, and congenital adrenal hypoplasia.
Authors: E R McCabe, J Towbin, J Chamberlain, L Baumbach, J Witkowski, G J van Ommen, M Koenig, L M Kunkel, W K Seltzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Genomic DNA from a patient with dystrophic myopathy, glycerol kinase deficiency, and congenital adrenal hypoplasia was investigated using cDNA probes for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus. Genomic probes had not detected a deletion in this patient. Southern analysis of Hind III-digested genomic DNA from this patient identified a deletion when the three distal Hinc II DMD cDNA fragments were used as probes. The deletion began in the genomic region corresponding to the 1.05-kb Hinc II cDNA fragment and extended through the 3' end of the DMD gene. This represents a centromeric breakpoint that corresponds to a position approximately 10.2-10.6 kb from the 5' end of the 14-kb DMD cDNA. These investigations demonstrate the value of the DMD cDNA probes for improved diagnoses in patients with molecular lesions involving the DMD locus. Furthermore, this novel deletion involving the coding portion of the 3' end of the DMD gene assists in the ordering of exons in this region and will provide insight into the functional role of the carboxy terminus of the DMD gene product, dystrophin.
Reply: Weekly Fluconazole for Preventing Mucosal Candidiasis in HIV Infection
Authors: Paula Schuman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Reply: Weekly Fluconazole for Preventing Mucosal Candidiasis in HIV InfectionPaula Schuman, MD, MPH and Jack D. Sobel, MDPaula Schuman, MD, MPHWayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this author and Jack D. Sobel, MDWayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We share Dr. Baily's concern about the potential for the emergence of resistant candidiasis in patients receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. Although women in the treatment group of our study did not have more episodes of resistant candidiasis than those in the placebo group, we do not, as Dr. Baily says, recommend “widespread use of this regimen.” We suggest that prophylaxis be considered as a therapeutic option only in persons at high risk for recurrence of mucosal candidiasis. Thirty percent of women studied reported two or more episodes of vaginal candidiasis in the year before study entry and were more ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1131KeywordsAntifungalsCandidiasisHIV infectionsProphylaxis Issue Published: 15 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hypochondria: Woeful Imaginations
Authors: Arnold Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Having been a confirmed hypochondriac for most of my life, I approached this book on the subject with the guarded enthusiasm that seems characteristic of most sickly people on their way to the doctor. When I was in medical school, almost all of my fellow students spent a good deal of time checking for lymph node enlargement or worrying over funny-looking spots to see if they were changing color or enlarging. We all got over it to some degree and moved on to comparing cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels, but a bit of worrying is a constant companion to most physicians whom I know. In this highly informative and entertaining book, Susan Baur tells us that Medical Student's Disease is also seen in law students, and also that our society seems to encourage a morbid interest in funny-looking spots and being sick in general. As I read on through the
Aprotinin impairs coronary endothelial function and down-regulates endothelial NOS in rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: S Ülker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: The non-specific serine protease inhibitor aprotinin is currently used to reduce blood loss and the need for blood transfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass. We have recently reported that aprotinin impairs endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent relaxations in rat thoracic aortic rings due to its inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production. In light of these findings, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of aprotinin on coronary endothelial function in isolated rat hearts and on the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in cultured rat coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC). Methods: Hearts obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats were perfused on a constant flow Langendorff isolated heart system and coronary perfusion pressure and cardiac parameters were recorded. The coronary relaxant responses to bolus infusions of bradykinin (BK) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were recorded in the absence and presence of aprotinin. Total RNA and protein samples were extracted from CMEC incubated with aprotinin or the vehicle, 0.9% NaCl. RT-PCR-Southern blotting and Western analyses were carried out to assess eNOS mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Results: Aprotinin (125 and 250 kIU/ml) increased coronary perfusion pressure without changing the heart rate and cardiac contractility. Aprotinin inhibited BK-induced coronary vasodilatation at 250 kIU/ml, but not at 125 kIU/ml concentrations. The relaxant response to SNP did not change in response to either concentration of the drug. Incubation of CMEC with aprotinin down-regulated eNOS mRNA and protein at 250 kIU/ml, but not at 125 kIU/ml concentration. Conclusion: These data suggest that aprotinin selectively inhibits NO synthesis at higher doses (≥250 kIU/ml) and therefore impairs endothelium-dependent coronary vascular tone. This effect of the drug may contribute to its ‘blood-sparing’ action, but may also account for the increase in the incidence of postoperative graft thrombosis observed in clinical practice during aprotinin therapy.
Nickel hypersensitivity.
Authors: F. HUTCHINSON, T.M. MACLEOD, E.J. RAFFLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

The nature of a protein hapten conjugate which could effect lymphocyte transformation in nickel hypersensitivity was investigated by subjecting the culture media employed to radiochromatographic analysis. Autoradiographic studies with 63Ni demonstrate direct binding of nickel salts to the lymphocyte cell surface. This occurs with a proportion of lymphocytes both from nickel sensitive and from control subjects and so binding is not of itself the stimulus for transformation.
WHO haemoglobin colour scale is modern version of what was used previously
Authors: S M Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Minerva recently drew attention to the World Health Organisation haemoglobin colour scale for near patient determination of haemoglobin concentrations. 12 This apparently elicited response from “a lot of elderly readers” who suggested that it is simply a reinvention of the old Hawksley colour scale. It is, in fact, based on the even earlier “blotting paper” method, which was developed by the …
Is microRNA-143 really a turncoat of tumor suppressor microRNA in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Rui Zhang, Lei Wang, An-Gang Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The study from Dr. Sun's group explained an interesting phenomenon on why microRNA-143, a commonly down-regulated microRNA in many types of cancer, expressed at a high level in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). They used a hepatitis B virus x protein (HBx) transgenic mouse model and tissue samples from clinical patients to show that microRNA-143 is a key mediator in HBV-related HCC metastasis. This is the first study to demonstrate that HBx/nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)/mir-143/fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) is an important signal pathway in pathological process of HCC metastasis.1 Yet, we still have several questions about this study. First, is it really true that mir-143 is an oncomir in HCC? Previous studies demonstrated that mir-143 belongs to a member of putative tumor suppressor microRNAs, because it is frequently underexpressed in many types of cancers.2-4 Its expression is always consistent with mir-145, another putative tumor suppressor microRNA that is close to mir-143.2-4 The expression of these two microRNAs are frequently changed simultaneously. If mir-143 was up-regulated by NF-κB, as has been shown in this study, what is the trend of mir-145 expression in HCC cells? A recent study demonstrated that p53 can transcriptionally up-regulate mir145, and mir145 can down-regulate an oncogene, c-myc, by directly binding to its 3′-untranslated region. It functions as a tumor suppressor in carcinogenesis.5 Therefore, what are the authors' opinions on the role of mir-143, a partner of mir145, in HBV-related HCC: does it act as tumor suppressor microRNA or oncomir? Second, is mir-143 directedly transcribed by the transcription factor NF-κB? To date, the transcription regulation of mir-143 is still not very clear. In this study, the authors used in vitro and in vivo assay (Fig. 3 in the article) to demonstrate that mir-143 expression was transcriptionally up-regulated by NF-κB. But all these designed experiments can not avoid the possibility that mir-143 is regulated by NF-κB in an indirect manner, because NF-κB plays a critical role in multisignal pathways.6 We think that a reporter assay to detect the activity of mir-143 promoter with the mutant NF-κB binding site may further confirm the authors' conclusion. Third, what is the relationship of HBx, mir-143, and FNDC3B expression patterns in clinical HCC with HBV infection? Although the authors demonstrated the possible signal pathway of HBx/NF-κB/mir-143/FNDC3B in HCC, there are no data to show its clinical significance. We think that if such a close relationship exists in clinical patients, it would be a promising biomarker for clinical prognosis. Rui Zhang* , Lei Wang* , An-Gang Yang* , * State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.