tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Interleukin-10 Concentration Is Positively Related to Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy Individuals
Authors: Marek Straczkowski, Irina Kowalska, Agnieszka Nikolajuk, Agnieszka Krukowska, Maria Gorska
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

There is evidence linking insulin resistance with low-grade chronic inflammation (1). Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, might impair insulin action (2,3). Little is known about associations between insulin action and anti-inflammatory cytokines. IL-10 is a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties (4). Recent studies provided evidence that IL-10 might exert some beneficial metabolic effects (5–7). So far, no data are available regarding an association between circulating IL-10 and insulin action in humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma IL-10 concentration and whole-body insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy humans.

A total of 93 subjects, 55 men and 38 women, participated in the present study. All participants had no cardiovascular disease, hypertension, morbid obesity (BMI >40 kg/m2), infections, or any other serious medical problems. The mean age of the study group was 28.13 ± 8.37 years and the mean BMI 26.06 ± 4.79 kg/m2. Subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and all had normal glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization criteria (fasting and postload glucose 5.04 ± 0.56 and 4.91 ± 1.29 mmol/l, respectively). All subjects were nonsmokers and were not taking any anti-inflammatory drugs …
Epidemiology of Pemphigus Neonatorum
Authors: V. D. Allison, B. C. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1947)

In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the incidence of pemphigus neonatorum, especially in nurseries in maternity hospitals and units.Cases and outbreaks have in the main been mild, with a very low mortality, but this does not lessen the administrative problems of isolation, quarantine, and ward closure.The rise in incidence of infection due to Staph.pyogenes not only in infants but also in nursing mothers, and bacteriological studies of infection in surgical operation wounds, war wounds, and industrial
Chronic cardiac denervation affects the speed of coronary vascular regulation
Authors: I Vergroesen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the rate of adaptation of coronary metabolic vasodilatation and autoregulation is modulated by the cardiac nerves. Methods: Anaesthetised dogs (seven innervated (control) and seven with denervated hearts) were subjected to controlled pressure perfusion of the left main coronary artery. Heart rate was controlled by pacing. Results: The steady state autoregulation curves and metabolic regulation curves were similar in the two groups. A sudden increase or decrease in heart rate was associated with a faster response (22% shorter half-times) in the innervated than the denervated dogs (P<0.001). A sudden increase or decrease in coronary arterial perfusion pressure was associated with a slower response (24% longer half-times) in the innervated than the denervated hearts (P<0.005). Conclusions: We conclude that the speed of response to metabolic and perfusion pressure changes is partly mediated by cardio-cardiac reflexes. Reflex coronary vasodilatation appears to reinforce the metabolic vasodilatation of a heart rate increase and oppose the vasoconstriction in response to increased perfusion pressure.
Cost Effectiveness of Gentamicin and Tobramycin
Authors: FRANK SINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Cost Effectiveness of Gentamicin and TobramycinFRANK SINGER, M.D.FRANK SINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-867 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the December 1984 issue, Holloway and colleagues (1) present a cost-effectiveness comparison of gentamicin and tobramycin. Referring to studies done at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, they state that "no patient has required either temporary or permanent dialysis because of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity," but they go on to calculate the incidence of permanent dialysis secondary to gentamicin toxicity necessary to equalize its cost with that of tobramycin. Their analysis indicates that 20% of patients they classify as severely nephrotoxic (1 out of every 50 patients with nephrotoxicity) would be required to have dialysis to equalize these costs.The...References1. HOLLOWAYSMITHMOOREFEROLILIETMAN JCREP. Comparative cost effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:764-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MOORESMITHLIPSKY DCJ. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:352-7. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KUMIN G. Clinical nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and gentamicin: a prospective study. JAMA. 1980;244:1808-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TABLANREYESRINTELMANN OMW. Renal and auditory toxicity of high-dose, prolonged therapy with gentamicin and tobramycin in pseudomonas endocarditis. J Infect Dis. 1984;149:257-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HOSTETTERRENNKEBRENNER THB. The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. Am J Med. 1982;72:375-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MOORESMITHLIPSKY DCJ. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:352-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HOLLOWAYSMITHMOOREFEROLILIETMAN JCREP. Comparative cost effectiveness of gentamicin and tobramycin. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:764-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KUMIN G. Clinical nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and gentamicin: a prospective study. JAMA. 1980;244:1808-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 867-868KeywordsMedical dialysisToxicity Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa and congenital glaucoma
Authors: M.R. JUDGE, P.T. KHAW, N.S.C. RICE, A. CHRISTOPHER, G. HOLMSTROM, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa and congenital glaucoma Get access M.R. JUDGE, M.R. JUDGE Departments of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.T. KHAW, P.T. KHAW Moorfields Eye Hospital. London. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.S.C. RICE, N.S.C. RICE Moorfields Eye Hospital. London. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. CHRISTOPHER, A. CHRISTOPHER Departments of Ophthalmoology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. HOLMSTROM, G. HOLMSTROM Departments of Ophthalmoology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. HARPER J.I. HARPER Departments of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. London, U.K. Dr John Harper. Department of Dermatology. The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. London WCIN 3JH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 495–497, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00634.x Published: 01 May 1991
THE IMPACT OF CYP2C19 GENOTYPE ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE RECEIVING CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marina Zaromitidou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Konstantinos Maniatis, Stamatis Kioufis, Eleni Kokkou, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Why Do Physicians Order Laboratory Tests?
Authors: Bradley G. Wertman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE NUMBER of clinical laboratory tests performed has increased greatly in recent years in nearly all health centers in the United States. This rise in laboratory use has been a major factor contributing to escalating health care costs.<sup>1</sup>The need for so large a number of laboratory tests has quite reasonably been questioned.<sup>2</sup>Several authors<sup>3-6</sup>have offered reasons for the increased number of tests. These include overzealous documentation, medicolegal considerSee also p 2053. ations, building of a personal data base, public relations, and profit, in addition to valid clinical indications. Little hard data are available in print to document why physicians order laboratory tests or to indicate what percentage of tests is ordered for the various reasons cited.<sup>5-7</sup>This study collected such information by asking physicians directly why they ordered laboratory tests and whether and how the results influenced their diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. <h3>Methods</h3> The
Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the outcome of faecal occult blood tests in screening for colorectal cancer.
Authors: G Pye, K C Ballantyne, N C Armitage, J D Hardcastle
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been accused of causing false positive results in faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer. A study was therefore performed in 10,931 people undergoing faecal occult blood screening tests to assess the effect of these drugs on the predictive value of a positive test result. Those with a positive result were interviewed and a full drug history was taken before they underwent a full colorectal examination. Of the 455 people with a positive result, 50 were taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: 10 (20%) had colonic neoplasia. Of the 405 who were not taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 129 (32%) had colonic neoplasia. These detection rates were not significantly different, and the predictive value of a positive result for an adenoma larger than 1 cm was 14% in the group not taking anti-inflammatory drugs and 26% in the group taking them (not significant). These results suggest that a finding of occult faecal blood cannot be attributed to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and should be followed by a thorough colorectal examination.
THE TREATMENT OF SERPIGINOUS ULCER OF THE CORNEA.
Authors: CHARLES J. KIPP
Journal: JAMA (1902)

More than twenty years have now passed since I first observed that certain cases of serpiginous ulcer of the cornea, in which no further progress was noticed after they came into my hands, presented the features I am about to describe, and since then I have not seen a case in which they were present that did not heal under very simple treatment. From the margin of the ulcer straight or nearly straight lines, broadest at the ulcer and gradually tapering, diverge in all directions somewhat obliquely, through the parenchyma of the deepest layer. They never give off branches. The further end of these diverging lines are connected by grayish intermediate striæ, of the same width throughout, and running at right angles to them. If present all around these intermediate linear opacities form a complete ring of the same form as the margin of the ulcer, but situated more deeply,
Rheumatic disorders in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: A K Clarke, R M Galbraith, E B Hamilton, R Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Eighty-three patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were investigated to determine the prevalence of rheumatic disorders. 14 had scleroderma, which tended to be mild but in several patients produced severe systemic manifestations. The CRST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) was only identified twice. There was an increased incidence of HLA A1+B8 in those patients with scleroderma. As well as those with scleroderma, 4 patients had a destructive arthropathy resembling avascular necrosis. 4 patients had an inflammatory arthritis, without specific features, but the frequency was no greater than might be expected in the general population.
Uptake of Tc-99m Glucoheptonate in Cervical Lymph Node Metastases from Large-Cell Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: BARBARA A. SAUERLAND, PAUL E. ROSEN, FREDERICK L. WEILAND, JOHN C. LASHER, DENNIS L. MYERS, ALBERT S. HALE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

SAUERLAND, BARBARA A. CAPT., U.S.A.F.M.C.; ROSEN, PAUL R. COL., U.S.A.F.M.C.; WEILAND, FREDERICK L. LTC., U.S.A.F.M.C.; LASHER, JOHN C. LTC., U.S.A.F.M.C.; MYERS, DENNIS L. MAJ., U.S.A.F.M.C.; HALE, ALBERT S. COL., U.S.A.F.M.C. Author Information
Differential effects of heptanol, potassium, and tetrodotoxin on reentrant ventricular tachycardia around a fixed obstacle in anisotropic myocardium.
Authors: J Brugada, L Mont, L Boersma, C Kirchhof, M A Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that electrical uncoupling and depression of the fast sodium channels have differential effects on propagation of the electrical impulse relative to the fiber orientation. METHODS AND RESULTS In a model of reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) (mean cycle length, 144 +/- 13 msec) around a ring of anisotropic myocardium in 10 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, the effects of extracellular K+ concentration [( K+]o) and heptanol were studied. [K+]o and heptanol each had a dose-dependent effect on VT cycle length. However, high [K+]o slowed the VT mainly by depressing longitudinal conduction, whereas heptanol preferentially depressed transverse conduction. The ratio between longitudinal and transverse conduction velocities progressively decreased with high [K+]o and progressively increased with heptanol. Heptanol terminated VT at a mean concentration of 3.5 +/- 0.5 mM. The cycle length before termination was 446 +/- 120 msec (p less than 0.001). In eight of 10 experiments, termination occurred by failure of conduction during transverse propagation. VT terminated at a mean [K+]o of 11.6 +/- 1.8 mM. The cycle length before termination was 493 +/- 341 msec (p less than 0.01). In seven of 10 cases, termination occurred by failure of conduction during longitudinal propagation. In the remaining five episodes (two with heptanol and three with high [K+]o), termination occurred by collision of the reentrant beat with an antidromic impulse being reflected within the ring. In a separate series of six hearts, tetrodotoxin was administered during VT. Like high [K+]o, tetrodotoxin prolonged the cycle length of the VT by preferentially slowing longitudinal conduction, and VT was terminated by longitudinal block. CONCLUSIONS During reentrant VT, electrical uncoupling of cells by heptanol or modification of active membrane properties by high [K+]o or tetrodotoxin has a differential depressing effect on propagation of the impulse relative to the fiber orientation.
Sheila Maclean Ross
Authors: J. R. Y. Ross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Sheila Maclean Ross was the daughter of Dr James Ross, consultant ophthalmologist at Carlisle. The day after she was born, her father wrote (to her older brother): “Her name is Sheila Maclean Ross. If she had been a boy, the name would (perhaps!) have been Heila, for a Healer is a Doctor. I suppose Sheila (or Shealer) is a “lady-doctor” or “doctoress,” or something else you can invent for yourself. Joking …
Why I support the Mental Capacity Bill
Authors: Sylvia Glass
Journal: BMJ (2005)

N ow that the government has sent the Mental Capacity Bill—aimed at clarifying the legal position of living wills—to the House of Lords I reflect on my own experiences. My mother has recently celebrated her 88th birthday. There were presents, there was a cake with candles, and we gave a rendition of “Happy Birthday,” but instead of joy her faced was etched with confusion verging on fear. Everyone around her had an air of professional concern or of great sadness, for Mum has Alzheimer's disease.

The past eight years have seen her stripped of all the vestiges of her life as her memory faded. Born during the first world war, she had …
125I-Labeled Fibrinogen Scanning
Authors: Jack Hirsh, Alexander S. Gallus
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Venous thrombosis is often asymptomatic in patients in whom major pulmonary embolism develops. When used expectantly, iodine 125-labeled fibrinogen scanning is a very sensitive method for detecting subclinical leg vein thrombi. Fibrinogen scanning is less useful for the diagnosis of established venous thrombosis, but is valuable for detecting extension of venographically diagnosed calf vein thrombosis. The technique is safe if fibrinogen is obtained from carefully screened donors. The limitations of the method include its inability to distinguish between superficial and deep venous thrombi, and its sensitivity to fibrin in hematoma and inflammatory exudates. Though the results agree closely with those of phlebography, scanning seems less reliable for detecting femoral vein than calf vein thrombi and is insensitive to thrombi above the inguinal ligament. Screening for these major thrombi may be improved by combining fibrinogen scanning with impedance plethysmography or ultrasonic examination. (<i>JAMA</i>233:970-973, 1975)
An unusual cause of fever of unknown origin
Authors: J. Dua, W.-h. Cheung, S. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 17 year old previously well black British born student was at college when he became feverish. He noticed a faint itchy rash over his arms and legs and was brought to the emergency department. He developed facial swelling and difficulty in swallowing and was admitted under the ear, nose, and throat team for suspected epiglottitis. On examination he had a faint maculopapular rash over his limbs, with submandibular lymphadenopathy and mild pharyngitis. Joint tenderness without effusions was elicited in both knees and elbows. No heart murmurs were heard. He had no family history of hereditary conditions and no history of allergy, foreign travel, or sexual relations. He had rising inflammatory markers, with a white cell count of 69×109/L (4-11), neutrophils 65×109/L (1.8-7.5), C reactive protein 163 mg/L (0-5), erythrocyte sedimentation rate 138 mm/h (3-15).

Liver function tests were deranged (alanine transaminase 577 U/L (10-40), alkaline phosphatase 117 U/L (40-129), bilirubin 50 µmol/L (1-17)). Ferritin was 50 000 µg/L (10-160). Blood cultures, malaria screen, antistreptolysin O antibody titre, hepatitis serology, cytomegalovirus, HIV, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and double stranded DNA were negative. Computed tomography of his neck, chest, and abdomen showed minimal reactive lymphadenopathy and 2 cm hepatomegaly. An echocardiogram was normal.

Despite four weeks of empirical antibiotic treatment he continued to have spiking fevers of more than 40°C. His rash faded away but the arthralgia was persistent.



### 1 What are the differential diagnoses of fever of unknown origin?

#### Short answer

The differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin includes infections (such as tuberculosis), cancers (such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma), collagen vascular conditions (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), drugs, and other causes.

#### Long answer

Fever of unknown origin is defined as a core body temperature …
Contempo '81. Nephrology
Authors: L. B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>Dialysis: Economics</h3> The liveliest ferments in nephrology today concern various aspects of dialysis. Chief among these are economic questions.<sup>1,2</sup>Long-term hemodialysis has been a ward of the federal government for the last eight of its 20 years and has been widely used in models to predict the shape of socialized medicine. While the present state of affairs does not inspire confidence in federal management of largescale medical enterprises, not all of the problems are of Washington's making, eg, the astonishing rate of growth of the dialysis population. Consider the following tables (the numbers are the author's choices from several possible estimates). Such enormous expenditures for so few people have disturbed a number of observers and have led to repeated calls for cheaper methods of treatment, chiefly one form or another of home dialysis. Assuming that 50% of a rapidly increasing dialysis population may be suited to dialysis at home,
Corruption scandal hits Israeli health service
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The release by Israel’s state comptroller of a 300 page report with allegations of corruption, nepotism, mismanagement, conflict of interest, and outright criminality by senior administrators of the country’s third largest public health fund has triggered a crisis in the health system.

The former Supreme Court justice Micha Lindenstrauss, whose office supervises the operations of the government and other bodies that receive public funds, sent his findings to the police and called for a state investigation of the Meuhedet Health Fund, which serves one million people. The fund consistently receives very high ratings of satisfaction in surveys of members.

Although the report focuses on Meuhedet, it has implications for the three …
Glycine protects against hepatocyte killing by KCN or hypoxia by preventing intracellular Na+ overload in the rat
Authors: R Carini, G Bellomo, M De Cesaris, E Albano
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Glycine has been shown to prevent hepatocyte death induced by anoxia and by several toxic agents. However, the mechanisms responsible for such a cytoprotective effect have not yet been entirely clarified. We have previously shown that an uncontrolled increase in intracellular Na + is critical for hepatocyte killing induced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. We herein report that protection by glycine (2 mmol/L) against cytotoxicity induced in isolated rat hepatocyte by potassium cyanide (KCN) or hypoxia was associated with the prevention of cytosolic Na + accumulation. The addition of the Na + ionophore, monensin, abolished the effects of glycine on both Na + increase and cytotoxicity. Pretreating hepatocytes with the glycine- receptor antagonist, strychnine (1 mmol/L), similarly prevented Na + overload and cell killing. Glycine at high concentrations and strychnine are known to block Cl − channels in many cell types. Consistently, we have observed that glycine and strychnine prevented the increase of intracellular Cl − levels caused by hypoxia or KCN. Incubation of hepatocytes in a Cl − -free medium, obtained by substituting chloride with membrane-impermeable gluconate, significantly reduced Na + accumulation and cell killing triggered by hypoxia or KCN. Both these effects were abolished by the addition of monensin. The cytoprotective action exerted by hepatocyte incubation in the Cl( − )-free medium was, however, lost when membrane-permeable nitrate, which allowed Na + accumulation, was used instead to replace chloride. Altogether, these results indicate that glycine inhibition of Cl − conductance protects against hepatocyte killing induced by KCN and hypoxia by interfering with intracellular Na + accumulation triggered by ATP depletion.