tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alternative Therapies for Curing Cancer: What Do Patients Want? What Do Patients Need?
Authors: W. S. Harpham
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Despite her scientific training and experience in medical practice, after being diagnosed with an indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the author was subjected to intense pressure about alternative therapies from well-meaning friends and relatives. While insulated at first from these forces, disease recurrences and progression increased her vulnerability to the lure of seemingly gentler approaches. A data-driven study of alternative therapeutic methods, however, convinced the author that investigational strategies offered her a better chance of cure or improvement than unproven alternative methods. She offers guidelines for physicians about what patients want, and emphasizes the importance of hope, caring, and information.
Both mature KIR+ and immature KIR− NK cells control pediatric acute B-cell precursor leukemia in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtmWjl/Sz mice
Authors: Ayline Kübler, Jeanette Woiterski, Kai-Erik Witte, Hans-Jörg Bühring, Udo F. Hartwig, Martin Ebinger, Lena Oevermann, Markus Mezger, Wolfgang Herr, Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger, Christian Münz, Maya C. André
Journal: Blood (2014)
Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase equals no NO
Authors: C. Guibert
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity is inhibited by the plasma membrane calcium ATPase in human endothelial cells’ by M. Holton et al. , pp. 440–448, this issue. 

Nitric oxide (NO) is now seen as an important player in both normal cellular and whole-body physiology and also in many diseases including numerous vascular diseases such as hypertension, artherosclerosis, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, and septic shock. NO is a cellular messenger produced by three isoforms of NO synthases (NOS): neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). Under physiological conditions, the main source of NO in vessels is eNOS located in the endothelial cells. eNOS is activated by the calcium/calmodulin complex and can be regulated by many protein partners and post-translational modifications such as multisite phosphorylation (mainly serine and threonine residues; Figure 1 ).1 NO has determinant roles because it stimulates vasodilation and inhibits both proliferation of smooth muscle cells and platelet aggregation.2,3 In that respect, vascular diseases are often associated with a decrease in NO levels leading to hypertension with vascular hyperreactivity and remodelling.4 Indeed, long-term blockade of NOS in rats with N (omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester results in severe hypertension.5 In pulmonary arterial hypertension, NO is one of … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +33 5 57 57 56 58; fax: +33 5 57 57 16 95, Email: christelle.guibert{at}u-bordeaux2.fr
The Importance of Recognizing Post-Infarctional Shoulder-Hand Syndrome
Authors: W. R. Chitwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN THE past twenty years it has been pointed out by several authors1 2 3 4 5 that persistent pain of the shoulders, arms and hands follows myocardial infarction. It is not always an index of progressing coronary-artery disease. Persistent pain is due in some cases to the so-called shoulder-hand syndrome, a reflex type of pain resembling causalgia, which may or may not be accompanied by reflex dystrophy of one or both of the upper extremities.The syndrome has recently been described in detail by Steinbrocker et al.,6 who divided its clinical course into three stages: Stage I, which consists of a painful shoulder, . . .
IgG4 and IgE are the major immunoglobulins targeting the NC16A domain of BP180 in bullous pemphigoid: Serum levels of these immunoglobulins reflect disease activity
Authors: Rebekka Döpp, Enno Schmidt, Iakov Chimanovitch, Martin Leverkus, Eva-B. Bröcker, Detlef Zillikens
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
The galactocerebrosidase enzyme contributes to the maintenance of a functional hematopoietic stem cell niche
Authors: Ilaria Visigalli, Silvia Ungari, Sabata Martino, Hyejung Park, Martina Cesani, Bernhard Gentner, Lucia Sergi Sergi, Aldo Orlacchio, Luigi Naldini, Alessandra Biffi
Journal: Blood (2010)
OCULOMOTOR REACTION TO LABYRINTH STIMULATION
Authors: H. B. LEMERE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The testing of thousands of young men for the aviation service will give a wonderful stimulus and interest to the question of the physiology of the semicircular canals and their reactions. In the consideration of this subject there is one method of approach which has not been used, and yet which seems to me to present a promising field for investigation. I mean a consideration in a more careful way of the actual anatomic position of the canals, and their physiologic relations to the movements of the head on the body. A comparison of these planes and directions, as well as of the motion of the head with the different conjugate movements of the eyes, is also interesting. To simplify matters, this subject should be considered mainly with the position of the body vertical and immobile.  The movements of the head and eyes and the position of the canals will
Dermoscopic semiology: further insights into vascular features by screening a large spectrum of nontumoral skin lesions
Authors: F. Vazquez-Lopez, J. Kreusch, A.A. Marghoob
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Dermoscopic vascular criteria remain poorly evaluated and analysed. The increasing number of descriptions of amelanotic melanoma showing isolated vascular dermoscopic findings adds interest to this topic. Objective To evaluate and classify the dermoscopic vascular structures seen in nontumoral dermatoses (NTD). Patients and methods The affected skin of 414 consecutive patients suffering from a variety of 31 different biopsy‐proven NTD was evaluated with the dermoscope and photographed with the Dermaphot camera. Results The dermoscopic vascular structures seen in NTD consisted of round dotted and globular vessels, linear vessels and glomerular vessels. In addition, structureless coloured patches were also found. In some NTD the distribution of the vascular structures took on special arrangements. The most common vascular findings were the linear and the rounded vessels, which were distributed either homogeneously throughout the lesion or were present together with other vascular or pigmented features in a mixed pattern. Conclusion The present study proposes a new classification of dermoscopic vascular features based on the screening of a large spectrum of nontumoral dermatoses. This list may be useful to define further dermoscopic semiology and to understand the vascular features most relevant to the diagnosis not only of different NTD but also of pigmented and amelanotic melanoma.
Clinical Lecture on Strangulated Femoral Hernia
Authors: P. G. Hewett
Journal: BMJ (1863)

MArn-A.C., aged 51, w^as admi-litte(d into the Prinicess Ward an ])ceember 4th, 1d)2, with a tumour, of the sizo of a sioall orange, in the rilght groin.It was of a globular sliape, with a well marked, narrow pedicle, and for the maini part overlapped the right abdominal ring;
Regional differences in outcome from subarachnoid haemorrhage: comparative audit
Authors: P Mitchell, T Hope, B A Gregson, A David Mendelow
Journal: BMJ (2004)

substance misuse was 23.3%.We redid the analyses including secondary diagnoses of alcohol and drug misuse, which increased the population attributable risk fraction slightly to 24.7% (data not shown).We thank Guy Goodwin, Clive Meux, and Phil Robson for helpful comments.
Cellular Origins of Hematologic Neoplasms
Authors: Rachel J. Buchsbaum, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The entire hematopoietic system in all its complexity arises from a small number of stem cells that not only differentiate but also replenish the bone marrow by a process of self-renewal. These stem cells supply the marrow with committed progenitor cells that become the main hematopoietic cell types. Cells that move beyond the progenitor stage lose their capacity for self-renewal but retain the potential to differentiate into erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, megakaryocytes, or lymphocytes. The idea that a stem cell or one of its immediate descendants is the source of hematopoietic neoplasms has ramifications for all types of cancer. A lesion . . .
Wa'el Seifeddin Boustany
Authors: Catherine Boustany
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant orthopaedic surgeon Damascus, Syria (b Damascus 1931; q Damascus University 1956; LAH, FRCS, FRCSI), died from prostate cancer on 16 December 2004.

Wa'el came to England in the 1960s for postgraduate training and held various house posts. In 1966 he went to the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin, as orthopaedic registrar. He then moved to the South Infirmary in Cork. In 1978 he went home to Damascus, where he worked in private practice. In 1989 he went to work in Al-Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, staying until retirement in 1998. He leaves a wife, Catherine, and four sons.
Diagnosis and treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy to prevent motor vehicle accidents: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Steven D. Pinkerton, Arun J. Sanyal, Douglas M. Heuman
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in cirrhosis is associated with impaired driving skills and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Detection and treatment of MHE has the potential to reduce costs and morbidity associated with MVAs. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the benefits of different strategies of MHE diagnosis and treatment for reducing MVA-related societal costs. The analyses compared five MHE management strategies: (1) presumptive treatment of all cirrhosis patients; (2) diagnosis by neuropsychological exam (NPE) with treatment; (3) diagnosis by standard psychometric tests (SPTs) with treatment; (4) diagnosis by rapid screening using inhibitory control test (ICT) with treatment; and (5) no MHE diagnosis or treatment (status quo). Treatments considered were lactulose or rifaximin, which were assumed to reduce the MVA rate to the level of similarly aged noncirrhosis patients with benefit adjusted for treatment compliance. A Markov model followed a simulated cohort of 1,000 cirrhosis patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), from entry into treatment, through MHE development, and later OHE, when they exited the modeled cohort. Follow-up was for 5 years and included biannual MHE testing. The societal cost of a single MVA was estimated at $42,100. All four strategies with lactulose were cost-saving compared with the status quo. Diagnosis with ICT and lactulose was the most cost-effective approach (cost/MVA prevented: $24,454 ICT; $25,470 SPT; $30,469 presumptive treatment and $33,742 NPE). Net program savings over 5 years ranged from $1.7 to 3.6 million depending on the strategy. Rifaximin therapy was not cost-saving at current prices but would become so at a monthly cost of &lt;$353. Conclusion: Detection of MHE, especially using the ICT, and subsequent treatment with lactulose could substantially reduce societal costs by preventing MVAs. (Hepatology 2012)
Megaloblastic Anemia Secondary to Folate Deficiency Associated with Hypothyroidism
Authors: JOHN D. HINES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Megaloblastic anemia and hypothyroidism, coexisting in relapse simultaneously, were documented in eight women; five patients had primary myxedema; two had secondary myxedema; and one had pituitary insufficiency. The diagnosis of pernicious anemia was excluded by the demonstration of an acidic gastric juice after betazole (Histalog®) stimulation in all eight, quantitatively normal gastric intrinsic factor concentrations in seven, and normal Schilling tests in two. The serum vitamin B12 concentrations were normal (seven patients) or diagnostically indeterminate (one patient) effectively excluding vitamin B12 deficiency as a cause of the megaloblastic anemia. Serum folate levels were subnormal in seven patients and diagnostically indeterminate in one; red cell folate concentrations were subnormal in three and normal in five. Five patients treated with 100 µg/day of oral pteroylglutamic acid in addition to undergoing thyroid replacement achieved complete hematologic remissions within 2 months, two patients were lost to follow-up, and one patient who exhibited a suboptimal hematologic response to phamacologic amounts of pteroylglutamic acid required iron administration for complete hematologic remission. These data suggest that folate deficiency was the cause of the megaloblastic anemia observed in these patients. The anemias occurring with myxedema are reviewed with reference to morphologic aspects and possible causative factors.
Infectious Mononucleosis Associated with a Mass in the Anterior Mediastinum
Authors: Blake E. Waterhouse, Philip H. Lapidus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE usual clinical manifestations and complications of infectious mononucleosis are well documented.1 This report describes the rare complication of a mass in the anterior mediastinum associated with infectious mononucleosis.Case ReportA 20-year-old man was admitted to the Darnall Army Hospital, Fort Hood, Texas, on February. 17, 1967, with extreme fatigue and a sore throat. He had previously been in excellent health. On December 22, 1966, a routine flight physical examination, which included a history, physical examination and x-ray study of the chest (Fig. 1) was within normal limits. Two weeks before admission the patient experienced extreme fatigue, and 1 . . .
Access to Care
Authors: John La Puma
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Few events in medicine illustrate the difference between theory and practice as well as a real case. Bigelow and Trees define the "Access to Care" program as one that "... is preventive in that it helps keep people out of the hospital and, particularly, out of the emergency department. "<sup>1</sup>The case of a patient seen in our general internal medicine office last week more accurately defines, and more particularly, challenges the dialectic of the Access to Care program. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 42-year-old man presented with 7 hours of acute, knifelike right lower quadrant abdominal pain that radiated to the right groin and lower back. The pain had awoken him from sleep at 3 AM; he had taken no analgesics, had moved his bowels without relief, and felt anorexic. There was no history of previous abdominal surgery, nephrolithiasis, hematuria, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or a
Selective leukemic-cell killing by a novel functional class of thalidomide analogs
Authors: Y. Ge, I. Montano, G. Rustici, W. J. Freebern, C. M. Haggerty, W. Cui, D. Ponciano-Jackson, G. V. R. Chandramouli, E. R. Gardner, W. D. Figg, M. Abu-Asab, M. Tsokos, S. H. Jackson, K. Gardner
Journal: Blood (2006)
Screening for ovarian cancer. Other malignancies cloud the issue.
Authors: D Clements
Journal: BMJ (1993)

vation.A specificity of 890/o would not be adequate to prompt surgical exploration, but the serum markers could be used to prompt transvaginal sonogrphy.This would considerably reduce the number of transvaginal sonograms required in a screening strategy.As the panel of three markers distinguishes malignant from benign pelvic masses with a specificity of approximately 50%, half of the false positive results obtained with transvaginal sonography might also be eliminated.The specificity of this strategy is currently being tested.In the long term a combination of modalities is likely to provide a more sensitive and specific screening strategy than either serum markers or transvaginal sonography alone.
Pancreas Transplantation Improves Vascular Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jennifer L. Larsen, Christopher W. Colling, Tanaporn Ratanasuwan, Tab W. Burkman, Thomas G. Lynch, Judi M. Erickson, Elizabeth R. Lyden, James T. Lane, Lynn R. Mack-Shipman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Pancreas transplantation (PTX) normalizes glucose and improves microvascular complications, but its impact on macrovascular disease is still debated.Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), shown to correlate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and events, was determined prospectively by ultrasonography in successful pancreas transplant recipients to evaluate the effect of PTX on CVD risk. Carotid IMT and CVD risk factors of pancreas transplant recipients (n = 25) were compared with three groups: individuals with type 1 diabetes without significant nephropathy (n = 20), nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients (n = 16), and normal control subjects (n = 32). Mean age of pancreas transplant recipients at the time of transplantation was 42.4 +/- 1.2 years (mean +/- SE) and duration of diabetes was 25.9 +/- 1.4 years.After PTX, HbA(1c) level (P < 0.0001) decreased to normal and, whereas creatinine level (P = 0.0002) decreased, it remained elevated compared with normal control subjects (P < 0.05). Blood pressure, BMI, fasting lipid levels, smoking frequency, and use of hypolipidemic agents were unchanged. Mean carotid IMT was increased in pancreas transplant candidates but decreased by 1.8 +/- 0.1 year after PTX (P = 0.0068), no longer different from that in normal control subjects or patients with type 1 diabetes.Carotid IMT improves after successful PTX within 2 years of the procedure, with normalization of HbA(1c) and improved renal function, independent of changes in lipid levels, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, or use of hypolipidemic agents. This study suggests that CVD risk, future events, and mortality should improve after PTX in the absence of other significant, untreated CVD risk factors.
Study of folate in psoriasis: blood levels, intestinal absorption and cutaneous loss
Authors: R. TOURAINE, J. REVUZ, J. ZITTOUN, J. JARRET, M. TULLIEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Serum, red cell and squame folate content have been measured in fifty cases of psoriasis with extensive lesions. Reduced serum and red cell folate have been found in 44% of the patients. Folic acid absorption, studied in twenty‐six patients, was impaired in four and significantly increased in all the others. Squame folate content has been found too low to explain the folate deficiency. Malabsorption is a possible hypothesis but it occurs too rarely (four cases). The most likely explanation of folate deficiency seems to be an increased utilization of folate by the skin epidermal cells as a result of the rapid turnover rate. The increased absorption found in most cases investigated could be a compensatory mechanism to equilibrate folate balance.
Lineage-Specific Expansions and Contractions of the Bitter Taste Receptor Gene Repertoire in Vertebrates
Authors: Yasuhiro Go
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The sense of bitter taste plays a critical role in how organisms avoid generally bitter toxic and harmful substances. Previous studies revealed that there were 25 intact bitter taste receptor (T2R) genes in humans and 34 in mice. However, because the recent chicken genome project reported only three T2R genes, it appears that extensive gene expansions occurred in the lineage leading to mammals or extensive gene contractions occurred in the lineage leading to birds. Here, I examined the T2R gene repertoire in placental mammals (dogs, Canis familiaris; and cows, Bos taurus), marsupials (opossums, Monodelphis domestica), amphibians (frogs, Xenopus tropicalis), and fishes (zebrafishes, Danio rerio; and pufferfishes, Takifugu rubripes) to investigate the birth-and-death process of T2R genes throughout vertebrate evolution. I show that (1) the first extensive gene expansions occurred before the divergence of mammals from reptiles/birds but after the divergence of amniotes (reptiles/birds/mammals) from amphibians, (2) subsequent gene expansions continuously took place in the ancestral mammalian lineage and the lineage leading to amphibians, as evidenced by the presence of 15, 18, 26, and 49 intact T2R genes in the dog, cow, opossum, and frog genome, respectively, and (3) contractions of the gene repertoire happened in the lineage leading to chickens. Thus, continuous gene expansions have shaped the T2R repertoire in mammals, but the contractions subsequent to the first round of expansions have made the chicken T2R repertoire narrow. These dramatic changes in the repertoire size might reflect the daily intake of foods from an external environment as a driving force of evolution.
Five preventable causes of kidney graft loss in the 1990s: A single-center analysis1
Authors: Arthur J. Matas, Abhinav Humar, Kristen J. Gillingham, William D. Payne, Rainer W . G. Gruessner, Raja Kandaswamy, David L. Dunn, John S. Najarian, David E . R. Sutherland
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Both innate and adaptive immunity mediate protective immunity against hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees
Authors: Heidi Barth, Jolanta Rybczynska, Romuald Patient, Youkyung Choi, Ronda K. Sapp, Thomas F. Baumert, Kris Krawczynski, Jake T. Liang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Understanding the immunological correlates associated with protective immunity following hepatitis C virus (HCV) reexposure is a prerequisite for the design of effective HCV vaccines and immunotherapeutics. In this study we performed a comprehensive analysis of innate and adaptive immunity following HCV reexposure of two chimpanzees that had previously recovered from HCV-JFH1 infection. One of the chimpanzees, CH10274, became protected from active viremia by repeated challenges with homologous HCV-JFH1 and developed neutralizing antibodies, but was later infected with high-level viremia by a heterologous challenge with the HCV H77 virus that persisted for more than 1 year. The other chimpanzee, CH10273, was protected from a similar, heterologous H77 challenge without any evidence of neutralizing antibodies. Peripheral HCV-specific T-cell responses were present in both chimpanzees after challenges and, interestingly, the overall magnitude of response was lower in uninfected CH10273, which, however, exhibited a more robust CD8+ T-cell response. CH10273 showed higher hepatic expression of CD8 and CD56 (natural killer) markers than CH10274 did shortly after inoculation with H77. The heightened T-cell response was associated with an enhanced hepatic production of interferons (both type I and II) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in CH10273. Therefore, protection or clearance of HCV reinfection upon heterologous rechallenge depends on the activation of both intrahepatic innate and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, our results suggest that serum neutralizing antibodies may contribute to early control of viral replication and spread after homologous HCV rechallenges but may not be sufficient for a long-term protective immunity. Conclusion: Our study shows that protective immunity against HCV reinfection is orchestrated by a complex network of innate and adaptive immune responses. (Hepatology 2011;)