tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fibers and Fibrosis
Authors: AREND BOUHUYS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 December 1975Fibers and FibrosisAREND BOUHUYS, M.D., PH.D., F.A.C.P.AREND BOUHUYS, M.D., PH.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-898 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInhaled fibers as a cause of lung disease remains a lively and controversial topic. Histochemists and electron microscopists can now detect minute fibers in tissue—invisible with classical methods—but the pathological and clinical implications of such findings are by no means clear. A recent report on a lung biopsy from a patient who later died of respiratory failure (1) elicited much discussion (2). Tiny asbestos fibers were found in the biopsy material; there was "interstitial inflammation and fibrosis" (1). But was the amount of these fibers sufficient to explain the fibrosis? And it is hazardous to generalize from findings in a...References1. MILLERLANGERTEIRSTEIN AAA: "Nonspecific" interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Association with asbestos fibers detected by electron microscopy. N Engl J Med 292:91-93, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HARDY H: Submicroscopical asbestos fibers and disease (Letters). N Engl J Med 292:1194-1195, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. PIMENTELAVILALOURENÇO JRA: Respiratory disease caused by synthetic fibres: a new occupational disease. Thorax 30:204-219, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BOUHUYS A: Breathing: Physiology, Environment and Lung Disease. New York, Grune and Stratton, 1974, pp. 174-204 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University Lung Research Center John B. Pierce Foundation New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySynthetic Polymers: Polyesters, Polyethers, Polysulfones, and Other PolymersPolyvinyl Acetate, Alcohol, and Derivatives, Polystyrene, and AcrylicsSynthetic Polymers, Polyesters, Polyethers, and Related PolymersA new entry towards the synthesis of 1-substituted 3-azetidinonesLung Response to Particulates with Emphasis on Asbestos and other Fibrous DustsAsbestos Content of Dust Encountered in Brake Maintenance and RepairAsbestos exposure during brake lining maintenance and repair 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 898-899KeywordsBiopsyElectron microscopyFibrosisInflammationLungsPulmonary fibrosisRespiratory failure Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of Increased Transmural Pressures upon Atrial and Ventricular Rhythms in the Dog Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: ROBERT L. VICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The effects of increased transmural pressures upon atrial and ventricular rhythms have been studied in the heart-lung preparation of the dog. Increases in right-heart pressure resulted in increased sinus rates when the SA node was intact. When the SA node was crushed and an A-V nodal rhythm revealed, increased right-heart pressure resulted in more rapid A-V nodal rhythms in some preparations while shifts to more rapid pacemakers, adjacent to the SA node, were detected in others. Independent ventricular pacemakers emerged during periods of elevated pressure in every preparation in which the sinus node had been crushed. Left-heart pressure was increased by augmenting the systemic resistance, the minute volume, or both. In A-V dissociated hearts, epinephrine or metaraminol were administered to enable the generation of higher aortic pressures (above 150 mm Hg). During the periods of elevated pressure, new or increased pacemaker activity was seen in the independently beating ventricle. These results and others cited show that atrial dilatation or elevated arterial pressure may participate in the genesis of some cardiac arrhythmias.
Widespread bone infarction complicating meningococcal septicaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Authors: J S Duncan, L E Ramsay
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation: nombreux infarctus dans les os des extremites chez un malade de 19 ans atteint de septicemie a meningocoques avec coagulation intravasculaire disseminee
140 Anti-HBc seroconversion after transplantation of anti-HBc positive non-liver organs to anti-HBc negative recipients
Authors: P. Fytili, S. Ciesek, C. Bara, M. Neipp, F. Helfritz, A. Haverich, J. Klepmnauer, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
518 Entecavir results in early viral load reduction in chronic hepatitis B patients who have failed lamivudine therapy: A randomized, placebo-controlled study in China
Authors: G. Yao, X. Zhou, D. Xu, B. Wang, H. Ren, M. Jiang, J. Lij, L. MacDonald, G. Yao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Tumor Recognition following Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Receptor Interactions with a Surface F1-ATPase-Related Structure and Apolipoprotein A-I
Authors: Emmanuel Scotet, Laurent O. Martinez, Ethan Grant, Ronald Barbaras, Paul Jenö, Martine Guiraud, Bernard Monsarrat, Xavier Saulquin, Sophie Maillet, Jean-Pierre Estève, Frédéric Lopez, Bertrand Perret, Xavier Collet, Marc Bonneville, Eric Champagne
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis
Authors: Kaixin Zhou, Louise Donnelly, Jian Yang, Miaoxin Li, Harshal Deshmukh, Natalie Van Zuydam, Emma Ahlqvist, Chris C Spencer, Leif Groop, Andrew D Morris, Helen M Colhoun, Pak C Sham, Mark I McCarthy, Colin N A Palmer, Ewan R Pearson
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2014)

Metformin is a first-line oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but glycaemic response to this drug is highly variable. Understanding the genetic contribution to metformin response might increase the possibility of personalising metformin treatment. We aimed to establish the heritability of glycaemic response to metformin using the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) method.
Fundamental Aspects of Radiosensitivity
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A single ionizing event may alter some biological processes. Other, equally significant processes are apparently unaffected by a billion times as much radiation. Few physical or chemical events can be measured over such a great range; even fewer pharmacological events can be toxic over such a wide range of measurements. Even if there were no radiation-accident problem in medicine, the subject of radiosensitivity would have a theoretical importance in the science of pharmacology. To discuss the questions of "how" and "why" of such an extremely wide range of sensitivity to radiation in living organisms, a symposium of many disciplines was held at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in June, 1961. This comprehensive book is a report of the proceedings. The proceedings do not set up desoxyribose nucleic acid ( DNA) as the "key to life" in newspaper fashion, but they pay proper homage to a quarter of a century of biochemical research.
Case 18-1969
Authors: Henry G. Kunkel, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A twenty-two-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever and pain in the joints.Three months previously she became fatigued. Two months later a right cervical lymph node enlarged, and penicillin was administered. Two and a half weeks before entry pain and swelling occurred in the right knee and the interphalangeal joints of both hands. She had no rash or hematuria and felt generally well. She took aspirin tablets. Subsequently, the uric acid was 8.0 mg per 100 ml. Probenecid and colchicine (Colbenemide) were administered, with subsidence of the pain in the joints. . . .
ANTIBIOTIC AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: Monroe J. Romansky
Journal: JAMA (1952)

With the advent of additional antibiotics, a wider choice of agents is available, and many more species of micro-organisms are now susceptible to chemotherapy. These newer antibiotics do not lessen the need for definitive diagnosis. If anything, it is even more important to establish the precise indications for these agents and diminish their indiscriminate use. Our objective in chemotherapy is to choose the agent or agents that will be most effective, least likely to produce side-reactions, and most economical to the patient. During the years since the first antibiotics became available, the following developments have necessitated a reconsideration of therapy and indicated that these agents are not an unmixed blessing. For example, resistance has emerged in certain bacteria not only to one antibiotic but simultaneously to several.<sup>1</sup>It should be emphasized, and it is indeed fortunate, that to date the pneumococci and group A beta hemolytic streptococci, the organisms
Development of squamous cell carcinoma by two high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a novel HPV-67 and HPV-31 from bowenoid papulosis
Authors: A. Yoneta, T. Yamashita, H-Y. Jin, A. Iwasawa, S. Kondo, K. Jimbow
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

We report a patient with bowenoid papulosis (BP) involving two high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our patient showed verrucous lesions on the penis, perianal area and groin that had been noted over the previous 8 years and had recurred after all therapeutic approaches. The perianal and left inguinal lesions revealed invasive SCC on histology. HPV‐31 and HPV‐67 sequences were detected by polymerase chain reaction from BP lesions of the perianal area and the shaft of the penis. HPV‐31 has already been reported in BP as a high‐risk HPV for the development of SCC, but HPV‐67 is a novel one that has never been reported in BP. As HPV‐67 has sequence homology to HPV‐52 and HPV‐58, it belongs to the family of HPV‐16, a high‐risk HPV group. Thus our patient showed two high‐risk HPVs, i.e. HPV‐31 and the novel HPV‐67, which may be directly involved in the development of SCC.
Magnetic resonance imaging is preferred in diagnosing suspected cerebral infections
Authors: N D Marchbank
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In their lesson of the week Fitzpatrick and Gan state that contrast enhanced computed tomography is currently the preferred investigation in diagnosing cerebral abscess.1 They describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging in such diagnosis as unclear, citing a 1988 comparative study of two cases as proof.2 We use magnetic resonance imaging as the preferred imaging technique in patients with suspected cerebral infections.3 It has improved resolution with multiplanar capability, and …
Spontaneous regression of diffuse large-cell lymphoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Atsuko Uohashi, Shion Imoto, Toshimitsu Matsui, Tohru Murayama, Yasuhiko Okimura, Kazuo Chihara, Chiho Ohbayashi, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)
Effect of unexpected demolition announcement on health of residents.
Authors: D. S. Halpern, J. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To examine the impact of an unexpected announcement of the demolition of a housing estate on the health of the area's residents.Study of general practitioner consultation rates of the estate's residents after the announcement compared with those of other areas and with those of the previous year.General practices in Runcorn, Cheshire.17,000 patients on lists of the two group practices serving the estate and surrounding area.Relative weekly consultation rates with general practitioners.The mean adjusted odds ratio for consultation was 1.12 (SD 0.12) when demolition was expected and 0.877 (0.05) when it was not (t = 5.94, p less than 0.001). The difference remained after the adjustment for the fall in the estate's population was removed (t = 3.7, p less than 0.01).Announcement of the estate's demolition adversely affected residents' health.
Visceral Adiposity Is an Independent Predictor of Incident Hypertension in Japanese Americans
Authors: Tomoshige Hayashi, Edward J. Boyko, Donna L. Leonetti, Marguerite J. McNeely, Laura Newell-Morris, Steven E. Kahn, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Visceral adiposity is generally considered to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. Objective: To examine the relationship between directly measured visceral adiposity and the risk for incident hypertension, independent of other adipose depots and fasting plasma insulin levels. Design: Community-based prospective cohort study with 10- to 11-year follow-up. Setting: King County, Washington. Participants: 300 Japanese Americans with a systolic blood pressure less than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg who were not taking antihypertensive medications, oral hypoglycemic medications, or insulin at study entry. Measurements: Abdominal, thoracic, and thigh fat areas were measured by using computed tomography. Total subcutaneous fat area was calculated as the sum of these fat areas excluding the intra-abdominal fat area. Hypertension during follow-up was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater, having a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking antihypertensive medications. Results: There were 92 incident cases of hypertension during the follow-up period. The intra-abdominal fat area was associated with an increased risk for hypertension. Multiple-adjusted odds ratios of hypertension for quartiles of intra-abdominal fat area (1 = lowest; 4 = highest) were 5.07 (95% CI, 1.75 to 14.73) for quartile 3 and 3.48 (CI, 1.01 to 11.99) for quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 after adjustment for age, sex, fasting plasma insulin level, 2-hour plasma glucose level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and energy expenditure through exercise (P = 0.003 for quadratic trend). The intra-abdominal fat area remained a significant risk factor for hypertension, even after adjustment for total subcutaneous fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, or waist circumference; however, no measure of these fat areas was associated with risk for hypertension in models that contained the intra-abdominal fat area. Limitations: It is not known whether these results pertain to other ethnic groups. Conclusions: Greater visceral adiposity increases the risk for hypertension in Japanese Americans.
243 ENDOGENOUS ERYTHROPOIETIN RESPONSE AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR ANEMIA DURING TREATMENT WITH PEG-INTERFERON ALFA-2B AND RIBAVIRIN IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: L.G. van Vlerken, H. van Soest, M.P. Janssen, G.J. Boland, J.P.H. Drenth, D.M. Burger, P.D. Siersema, K.J. van Erpecum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Sclerosing cholangitis, race and sex
Authors: P Kelly, S Patchett, D McCloskey, E Alstead, M Farthing, P Fairclough
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Primary sclerosing cholangitis develops in 3–10% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and may be associated with an increased cancer risk. Ulcerative colitis is probably less common in people of African origin than in populations of European descent. Aims and methods —To review the records of all patients under regular follow up for ulcerative colitis at St Bartholomew’s Hospital (London, UK) , a tertiary referral centre, prompted by discovering a cluster of cases with common features. Results and conclusions —Among 166 patients with ulcerative colitis under regular follow up, only four (all women) are of African or Caribbean genetic origin, and three of these have developed sclerosing cholangitis within three years of presentation with colitis, compared with four of 162 patients of European or Asian descent (odds ratio 119, 95% confidence interval 8–3837; p=0.0002). This cluster, which is not explained by common HLA DR or DQ type, suggests that Africans and Afro-Caribbeans, especially women, may be at increased risk of sclerosing cholangitis. This may reflect genetic influences on the development of enteric and hepatobiliary inflammatory disease.
Activation mediated by RP105 but not CD40 makes normal B cells susceptible to anti-IgM-induced apoptosis: a role for Fc receptor coligation.
Authors: Y Yamashita, K Miyake, Y Miura, Y Kaneko, H Yagita, T Suda, S Nagata, J Nomura, N Sakaguchi, M Kimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Signals through the B cell antigen receptor lead to a variety of cellular events such as activation, anergy, and apoptosis. B cells select these outcomes to establish and maintain self-tolerance, and to mount adequate antibody responses. However, it is not fully understood how one and the same signal causes such different consequences. In the present study, we have studied the effect of activation signals on the outcome of responses to antigen receptor ligation. Two distinct growth-promoting signals were used to activate B cells. Ligation of either RP105, a newly discovered B cell surface molecule, or the CD40 molecule, drove B cells to proliferate. Resultant blastic cells were then exposed to anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM). Blast cells that had been stimulated with anti-RP105 ceased growing and underwent apoptosis after cross-linking of surface IgM. Coligation of the Fc gamma receptor IIB with surface IgM augmented, rather than aborted, this response. In contrast to RP105-activated B cells, blast cells that had been activated by CD40 ligation were unaltered by anti-IgM. On the other hand, CD40-activated B cells became extremely susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis, whereas RP105-activated B cells were much less sensitive. Anti-IgM-induced apoptosis in RP105 blasts was independent of Fas, because it was demonstrable with Fas-deficient MRL-lpr/lpr mice. These results demonstrate that the nature of an initial activation signal has a great influence on the fate of activated B cells after (re)engagement of the antigen receptor. RP105, as well as CD40, may be important in this life/death decision.
Left ventricular remodelling and disparate changes in contractility and relaxation during the development of and recovery from experimental heart failure
Authors: G. W Moe, E. A Grima, R. J Howard, R. Seth, P. W Armstrong
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Canine pacing induced heart failure is characterised by impaired left ventricular contractility and relaxation, and clinical recovery after cessation of pacing. It is unclear whether the impairment is responsive to adrenergic stimulation. The aim of this study was to assess left ventricular contractility and relaxation and their response to β adrenergic stimulation during heart failure and after recovery. Methods: Eight dogs were paced (250 beats·min−1) for 3 weeks to severe heart failure and recovered for 4 weeks after cessation of pacing. During these periods, haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were made with and without β adrenergic stimulation. Results: At heart failure, impaired left ventricular contractility was evidenced by reduced dP/dt [1412(SD 156) mm Hgs−1 from 2437(382) mm Hg·s−1 at control, p<0.01] and a downward displacement of the velocity of circumferential fibre shortening-end systolic wall stress relation. Impaired left ventricular relaxation was evidenced by raised end diastolic pressure [35(6) mm Hg from 7(4) mm Hg at control, p<0.01] and prolonged relaxation time constant tau [28(4) ms from 17(6) ms, p<0.01]. The ability of β adrenergic stimulation to augment contractility was reduced: there was blunted dP/dt response to dobutamine. The ability of β adrenergic stimulation to shorten relaxation was maintained: there was a similar degree of shortening of tau by dobutamine. At recovery, dP/dt returned to control and the shortening-stress relation moved upward, suggesting return of contractility. The response of dP/dt to dobutamine was restored. However, tau remained prolonged indicating persistent abnormal relaxation. Conclusion: In pacing induced heart failure, there is a dissociation between the normal ability of β adrenergic stimulation to augment contractility and shorten relaxation, and a differential capacity for recovery of contractility and relaxation. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:66-71
Tortuous Innominate Arteries Simulating Aneurysms
Authors: Julian T. Buxton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE PURPOSE of this presentation is to review the clinical picture of the seemingly expansile supraclavicular or superior mediastinal pulsating mass. While to physical examination or chest fluoroscopy, pulsating masses may seem to be aneurysmal, aneurysms in the innominate-carotid-subclavian vessels are rare.1,2In this area aneurysmectomy carries a high morbidity and mortality.  Occasionally all doubt of diagnosis is removed by visible or palpable aneurysmal bone erosion in the area of the clavicle or upper sternum. More often, careful palpation reveals a tortuous course of one of the large arteries of the area which accounts for the swelling and establishes a diagnosis (Fig 1). In the group between these extremes definite diagnosis by physical examination is impossible because of the heavy skeleto-muscular structures shielding the area. Angiography to confirm aneurysm becomes mandatory.  By clinical or fluoroscopic examination, each of the following patients was thought to have an innominate aneurysm. Each
Utility of endoscopic pinch biopsy after argon plasma coagulation treatment for diagnosing scirrhous gastric carcinoma
Authors: T. Kato, M. Fujisaki, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Scirrhous gastric carcinoma is a diffusely infiltrating type of poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma. It is characterized by cancer cell infiltration and proliferation beneath the gastric mucosa with marked stromal fibrosis [1]. The gastric wall is thickened and stiffened due to diffuse infiltration and proliferation of cancer cells with extensive stromal fibrosis. Endoscopy is useful for assessing the growth pattern, but it is very difficult to obtain an appropriate sample with a routine pinch biopsy. However, after utilizing argon plasma coagulation (APC) to remove the superficial gastric epithelium and cauterize the denuded surface, we were easily able to confirm the diagnosis of scirrhous gastric carcinoma with pinch biopsy.
The Change Page
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

To change one's life, said the psychologist and philosopher William James, start immediately, do it flamboyantly, and allow no exceptions. In medicine, flamboyance may not be a prerequisite, but change we must, and continuously, if we are to take in new knowledge and ensure the best possible care for our patients. 

So in case you missed it the first time round, let me introduce you to a new regular feature in the BMJ—the Change Page. Developed from an idea from Joe Collier, former editor of the Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (www.dtb.org.uk), the Change Page does what it says on the tin. The idea is to provide doctors with a single …
Radioimmunoassay for Calcitonin in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Leonard J. Deftos
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Basal levels of calcitonin were abnormally elevated in 26 of 33 patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In three patients with nondiagnostic basal concentrations, calcitonin increased to diagnostic levels after calcium infusion; only a ten-minute infusion was needed in one patient. In some patients, the ratio of calcitonin in veins draining the tumor to that in peripheral veins ranged from 4.3 to 57.0. These studies demonstrate the value of the calcitonin immunoassay in the diagnosis and localization of medullary thyroid carcinoma.