tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AstraZeneca digs in over advertising criticisms
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abdominal cerclage is a management option for patients with diagnosis of cervical incompetence and impossible or recurrent failure of vaginal cerclage. Impossible vaginal route is seen in patients with previous tracelectomy or repeat loop excision. Limited case series of laparoscopic route have been published with different techniques. The authors reported significant modification of the technique of laparoscopic abdominal cerclage aiming to reduce the complexity and improve the safety of the procedure. This technique aims to overcome the problems of space limitation, the risk of energy use, the precision of placement of stitch and option of reversibility in case of early spontaneous abortion. 11 cases underwent laparoscopic cerclage with this technique and complete follow up of the outcome were included. All patients had multidisciplinary assessment and counselling. 8 patients were referred for impossible vaginal cerclage with cervix flushed with the vagina due to previous tracelectomy or repeat loop excision. 3 patients were referred for previous failure of vaginal route. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. Mean operative time was 70 min and blood loss was less than 100 ml in all patients. 8 of the 11 patients had elective caesarean section at 39 weeks, 1 patient had emergency section at 35 weeks and 1 patient delivered at 26 weeks. This gives 81% success rate (delivery &gt;34 weeks). 1 patient had 14 weeks spontaneous abortion where the stitch was removed laparoscopically before surgical evacuation. This case series indicated that this technique is safe and successful in patients need abdominal cerclage.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF A FOURTH HORMONE, THYREOTROPIC IN NATURE, OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
Authors: F. A. E. Crew, B. P. Wiesner
Journal: BMJ (1930)

RECENT investigation of the endocrine fulnctioni of the anterior lobe of the pituitarv lias disclosed restults which lhave convrerted earlier reasonable expectationi inito denon- strable fact.It is now established that extracts of anterior lobe, piepared in different ways, can pr-oduice the follow-inig diverse effects:
The Better Things of Life
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Only a few of the gems of life arise within your august pages. Excellent medical reports appear in lay journals. Witness that from the<i>New York Times</i>of Jan 12, 1969: Arthur Armitage, officially recognized as the fattest man in Britain, says he got up to 525 pounds on tea and toast. "I've never been a big eater," he added. "It's a mystery to me why I have put on so much weight." Why can't we, too, backward as we are in the states, including Hawaii, have an "officially recognized" fattest man?
Global Fund to give a $7m grant to Myanmar to combat tuberculosis
Authors: Karen Hébert
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Global Fund, a public-private partnership that aims to attract and disburse funds to prevent and treat AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, is to give a $7m (£3.8m; $5.7m) grant to Myanmar to combat tuberculosis.

Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) is one of the world's 22 “high burden” countries for tuberculosis, with 80 000 new cases each year. The funding, to be awarded over two years, will strengthen the current tuberculosis programme by expanding it to regions that have not yet been covered.

The aim is to improve the detection of infection among people with new positive results of smear tests to at …
Mechanisms associated with human alveolar macrophage stimulation by particulates.
Authors: A Holian, K Kelley, R F Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway. In contrast, silica does not appear to activate this pathway nor stimulate superoxide anion production, but silica does stimulate cytokine release by some undetermined pathway. Therefore, using human alveolar macrophages isolated from normal healthy volunteers, we evaluated the potential involvement of intracellular calcium and tyrosine kinases as potential signal transduction pathways. In the absence of serum, crystalline silica, and to a lesser extent amorphous silica, caused a rapid and dose-dependent elevation of intracellular calcium coming from the extracellular space. However, in the presence of serum, which is required for silica-stimulated cytokine release, neither form of silica caused noticeable elevation of intracellular calcium. Silica, however, did increase the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation, most notably of proteins at approximately 46 and 50 kDa, suggesting activation of a tyrosine kinase pathway. Preincubation of alveolar macrophages for 24 hr with silica-primed human alveolar macrophages for enhanced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) release stimulated by endotoxin (LPS) that was dose dependent. The enhanced LPS-stimulated release of IL-1 beta correlated with enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Taken together, these results indicate that a tyrosine kinase pathway is activated during silica stimulation of human alveolar macrophages.
The “3T’s” Road Map to Transform US Health Care
Authors: Denise Dougherty, Patrick H. Conway
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transition of Care for Young Adult Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer: Rationale and Approaches
Authors: David R. Freyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Young adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer are an ever-growing population of patients, many of whom remain at lifelong risk for potentially serious complications of their cancer therapy. Yet research shows that many of these older survivors have deficient health-related knowledge and are not engaging in recommended health promotion and screening practices that could improve their long-term outcomes. The purpose of this review is to address these disparities by discussing how formal transition of care from pediatric to adult-focused survivorship services may help meet the unique medical, developmental, and psychosocial challenges of these young adults.Literature review and discussion.This article summarizes current research documenting the medical needs of young adult survivors, their suboptimal compliance with recommended follow-up, and the rationale, essential functions, current models, and innovative approaches for transition of follow-up care.Systematic health care transition constitutes the standard of care for young adult survivors of childhood cancer. In developing a transitional care program, it is necessary to consider the scope of services to be provided, available resources, and other local exigencies that help determine the optimal model for use. Additional research is needed to improve health services delivery to this population. Effective advocacy is needed, particularly in the United States, to ensure the availability of uninterrupted health insurance coverage for survivorship services in young adulthood.
Viral Vaccines: The Question of Revaccination
Authors: Calvin C. Linnemann
Journal: JAMA (1976)

With the increasing use of live virus vaccines, including those for measles, rubella, and mumps, the question is being raised as to whether or not revaccination will be necessary. Yellow fever vaccine, the prototype of live virus vaccines that are inoculated subcutaneously, produces persistent antibody titers, and a need for revaccination has not been established. If the newer vaccines are equally effective, then booster vaccination may not be required. Two other live virus vaccines that are not given subcutaneously are in current usage: (1) vaccinia virus, which is inoculated intradermally to prevent smallpox; and (2) poliovirus vaccine, which is given orally. Unlike the other live virus vaccines, the origin of vaccinia virus is uncertain, although it is related to smallpox virus. The immunity resulting from vaccinia virus appears to decrease with time, and clinical smallpox has been reported in previously vaccinated individuals. Poliovirus vaccine provides long-lasting immunity, so that the
Unread Tuberculin Tests
Authors: Charles S. Bryan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biliary Imaging Suggesting Common Duct Obstruction in Acute Viral Hepatitis Case Report
Authors: KEVIN J. DONOHOE, JAMES M. WOOLFENDEN, JASON L. STEMMER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A patient with right upper quadrant pain showed normal tracer extraction and a prolonged hepatocellular phase during biliary imaging, findings that are most consistent with complete common duct obstruction. He had no other evidence of biliary tract obstruction and was diagnosed subsequently as having viral hepatitis. Hepatitis must be considered when biliary imaging suggests complete common bile duct obstruction.
Asymptomatic Myocardial Ischemia in Diabetes and Its Relationship to Diabetic Neuropathy: An Exercise Electrocardiography Study in Middle-Aged Diabetic Men
Authors: L Hume, G P Oakley, A J M Boulton, C Hardisty, J D Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The incidence of painless ischemic heart disease is increased in diabetic patients, and it has been suggested that this may be partly due to diabetic neuropathy involving cardiac afferent nerves. We have performed exercise electrocardiography in middle-aged diabetic men without cardiac symptoms to see if silent myocardial ischemia is more common in patients with neuropathy. Thirty patients had diabetic neuropathy (group 1), and 30 did not (group 2). The groups were matched for age and duration of diabetes. The exercise test was abnormal in 14 patients. A positive test was no more common in patients with diabetic neuropathy. During a mean follow-up period of 50 mo, five patients developed clinical heart disease, four of whom had a positive exercise test. An abnormal exercise ECG is common in diabetic men without cardiac symptoms, but our study does not suggest that the high incidence of silent myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients is related to the presence of diabetic neuropathy. In patients with diabetes a positive exercise test is associated with a high risk of developing clinical heart disease in subsequent years.
Naproxen. A new non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agent. Studies in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H F Hill, A G Hill, A G Mowat, B M Ansell, J A Mathews, M H Seifert, J M Gumpel, G A Christie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Aspirin remains the mainstay of therapy of rheu- matoid arthritis (RA), but many patients become intolerant of therapeutically effective doses while a few become anaemic from symptomless gastro- intestinal bleeding.The search continues for new agents as effective as aspirin with fewer side-effects.Many of the non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agents are aryl esters and aryl-substituted phenols and enols (Harrison, Lewis, Nelson, Rooks, Ros- kowski, Tomolonis, and Fried, 1970).It is possible that some serious adverse reactions, such as blood dyscrasias, liver damage and psychic disturbance, are specifically associated with those non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agents containing nitrogen (Harrison and others, 1970).If this hypothesis is correct, non-nitrogen-containing aryl acids might be expected to retain the advantages of this type of compound while minimizing the potential for such adverse reactions.Of over 200 compounds tested, naproxen (d-2(6'methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid) proved the most active in animal tests, being some 55 times as potent as aspirin as an anti-inflammatory agent in standard tests and seven times as potent as aspirin as an analgesic (Roskowski, Rooks, Tomolonis, and Miller, 1971).Preliminary clinical trials in Mexico (Katona, Ortega, and Robles-Gil, 1971) demonstrated the efficacy of this substance in rheumatoid arthritis, and a subsequent open titration plus double-blind comparison versus placebo (Lussier, Segre, Multz, MacCannell, Alexander, Howard, Boost, Varady, and Strauss, 1973) established that a daily dose
Abstract 40: Mutation of <i>EPCAM</i> gene is less frequent in Korean and EPCAM immunohistochemistry can identify Lynch syndrome in patients who do not meet Bethesda criteria.
Authors: So Young Kang, Shin Woo Kang, In-Gu Do, Dong Kyung Chang, Kyoung M. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lynch syndrome is an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, mainly MLH1 and MSH2. Recently, germline deletions affecting the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) gene located upstream of MSH2 were identified as a novel mutational mechanism causing Lynch syndrome. However, most studies were conducted in western populations, where the incidence of CRC is high. To identify the incidence of germline deletions of EPCAM gene in Korea where the incidence of CRC is relatively low and socioeconomic condition is different, we conducted a comprehensive study in 4,993 patients diagnosed and treated with CRCs at a single institute between 2006 and 2011. In all tumor samples, microsatellite instability (MSI) test and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins were performed. In cases with loss of MLH1 protein, methylation of MLH1 by MethyLight was performed and cases with hypermethylation of MLH1 gene were excluded. Germline mutations of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were performed in patients who fulfilled at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria. In 97 patients with loss of MSH2 protein, EPCAM IHC and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for germline deletions of the EPCAM and MSH2 gene were performed. Loss of expression of MMR proteins and/or MSI-high was observed in 337 (6.7%) patients, 112 (2.2%) patients met revised Bethesda criteria, and 54 (1.1%) patients harbored germline mutations of MMR genes. Out of 97 MSH2-negative CRCs, 5 (5.2%) showed concomitant loss of EPCAM expression and EPCAM exon 9 deletionmutations. Out of 5 cases with EPCAM mutation and protein loss, four patients showed familial histories of CRCs. However, one patient showed no family history. In this patient, although multiple liver metastases were the first manifestation, he lived 6 more years after diagnosis. In this large single study cohort, we found that 5.2% of MSH2-negative CRCs were caused by EPCAM deletion mutations, which is lower than previously reported incidences in western populations. Moreover, we could find one candidate patient with de novo mutation of EPCAM gene, which has not been reported yet. Our results strongly support that in routine screening of patients with CRC for Lynch syndrome, a simple and sensitive EPCAM IHC should be included even in cases do not meet Bethesda criteria. Citation Format: So Young Kang, Shin Woo Kang, In-Gu Do, Dong Kyung Chang, Kyoung M. Kim. Mutation of EPCAM gene is less frequent in Korean and EPCAM immunohistochemistry can identify Lynch syndrome in patients who do not meet Bethesda criteria. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 40. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-40
Gold rings permanently fix artificial body parts
Authors: Leonard S. Zahn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In what is believed to be the first case of its kind, a dental surgeon has used tiny gold rings to permanently attach a life-like artificial nose to the face of a cancer patient. The relatively simple surgical procedure was developed by Ariyadasa Udagama, DDS, MSD, who says he believes it also can be used on other persons who have lost facial or other body parts from illness or injury. Udagama, associate professor of dental oncology at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, first tried the procedure last summer on a 46-year-old woman who had lost her nose to cancer two years previously. She had been wearing an artificial nose that had to be attached daily with an adhesive. Using local anesthesia, Udagama attached a silicone nose prosthesis by simply "suturing" it to the patient's remaining tissue with small gold rings. The rings differ
Book Review Neuroepidemiology: From Principles to Practice Edited by Lorene M. Nelson, Caroline M. Tanner, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, and Valerie M. McGuire. 461 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 2004. $79.95. 0-19-513379-X
Authors: Kerstin Bettermann, James F. Toole
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets leads to localization of novel platelet proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Judith A. Coppinger, Gerard Cagney, Sinead Toomey, Thomas Kislinger, Orina Belton, James P. McRedmond, Dolores J. Cahill, Andrew Emili, Desmond J. Fitzgerald, Patricia B. Maguire
Journal: Blood (2003)
Recombinant Soluble P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1-Ig Reduces Restenosis Through Inhibition of Platelet-Neutrophil Adhesion After Double Angioplasty in Swine
Authors: Jean-Guy Bienvenu, Jean-François Tanguay, Jean-François Théorêt, Anjali Kumar, Robert G. Schaub, Yahye Merhi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P-selectin mediates leukocyte recruitment to activated platelets and endothelium through its high-affinity receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Platelet and leukocyte activation and binding have been reported after coronary angioplasty and were correlated with restenosis. We investigated the effect of a recombinant soluble PSGL-1 (rPSGL-Ig) on the adhesion of platelets and neutrophils and the development of restenosis after double arterial injury.Four weeks after angioplasty of both carotid arteries in pigs, a second angioplasty was performed at the same sites, 15 minutes after a single administration of vehicle or rPSGL-1 (1 mg/kg IV). Animals were euthanized 1 hour, 4 hours, 1 week, or 4 weeks later. Adhesion of autologous (51)Cr-platelets and (111)In-neutrophils was quantified and histological/morphometric analyses were performed. Although rPSGL-Ig did not affect adherence of these cells 1 hour after injury, it significantly reduced the adhesion of platelets (50% at 4 hours and 85% at 1 week) and neutrophils (50% at 4 hours and 78% at 1 week) to deeply injured arteries. At 4 weeks, the residual lumen was 63% larger in rPSGL-Ig-treated arteries as compared with control arteries (6.1+/-0.6 versus 3.8+/-0.1 mm(2); P:<0.002). The neointimal area was slightly reduced (0.5 in rPSGL-Ig versus 0.7 mm(2) in control). The ratio of the external elastic lamina of injured to uninjured reference segments was >1 in treated arteries and <1 in control arteries.P-selectin antagonism with rPSGL-Ig inhibits early platelet/leukocyte adhesion on injured arteries and reduces restenosis through a positive impact on vascular remodeling. Hence, rPSGL-Ig may have potential in the prevention of restenosis.
US rape case leaves ethical uproar
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A young woman who has been in a persistent vegetative state for 10 years is awakening America to abuses in nursing homes and giving ethicists a profound new problem in reproductive rights. The woman, whose name is being withheld by authorities, was severely injured in an car accident in 1985, when she was 19. She has since been in a vegetative state and needs skilled nursing care.

Last February she was placed in a new …
A novel STAT inhibitor, OPB-31121, has a significant antitumor effect on leukemia with STAT-addictive oncokinases
Authors: F Hayakawa, K Sugimoto, Y Harada, N Hashimoto, N Ohi, S Kurahashi, T Naoe
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are extracellular ligand-responsive transcription factors that mediate cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, development and the immune response. Aberrant signals of STAT induce uncontrolled cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance and are strongly involved in cancer. STAT has been identified as a promising target for antitumor drugs, but to date most trials have not been successful. Here, we demonstrated that a novel STAT inhibitor, OPB-31121, strongly inhibited STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation without upstream kinase inhibition, and induced significant growth inhibition in various hematopoietic malignant cells. Investigation of various cell lines suggested that OPB-31121 is particularly effective against multiple myeloma, Burkitt lymphoma and leukemia harboring BCR–ABL, FLT3/ITD and JAK2 V617F, oncokinases with their oncogenicities dependent on STAT3/5. Using an immunodeficient mouse transplantation system, we showed the significant antitumor effect of OPB-31121 against primary human leukemia cells harboring these aberrant kinases and its safety for normal human cord blood cells. Finally, we demonstrated a model to overcome drug resistance to upstream kinase inhibitors with a STAT inhibitor. These results suggested that OPB-31121 is a promising antitumor drug. Phase I trials have been performed in Korea and Hong Kong, and a phase I/II trial is underway in Japan.