tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Adrenomedulloblastoma of the Pterygopalatine Fossa
Authors: W. O. Lodge, M. Brookes
Journal: BMJ (1951)

TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS BRmHJAL a high proportion of these were insensitive to penicillin and sulphacetamide.This in no way gives a represen- tative picture of the general sensitivity of organisms in blepharitis, for the cases were selected because they had failed to respond to ordinary treatments.The percentage of penicillin-and sulphacetamide-insensitive causa- tive organisms is certainly much higher than average.The results of treatment with aureomycin are given in Table II.The cases designated as successful cleared up TABLE II.-Results of Aureomycin Treatment Unsuccessful Culture Result No. Successful Recurred Did not Improve Staph.aireus .. 22 13 6 3 B. friedlanderi.. 33 0 0 No growth .. 5 2 0 3 Total .. 30 18 6 6*cillin was given.The drain was removed after 48 hours.
Using National and Local Extant Data to Characterize Environmental Exposures in the National Children’s Study: Queens County, New York
Authors: Paul J. Lioy, Sastry S. Isukapalli, Leonardo Trasande, Lorna Thorpe, Michael Dellarco, Clifford Weisel, Panos G. Georgopoulos, Christopher Yung, Margot Brown, Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The National Children's Study is a long-term epidemiologic study of 100,000 children from 105 locations across the United States. It will require information on a large number of environmental variables to address its core hypotheses. The resources available to collect actual home and personal exposure samples are limited, with most of the home sampling completed on periodic visits and the personal sampling generally limited to biomonitoring. To fill major data gaps, extant data will be required for each study location. The Queens Vanguard Center has examined the extent of those needs and the types of data that are generally and possibly locally available.In this review we identify three levels of data--national, state and county--and local data and information sets (levels 1-3, respectively), each with different degrees of availability and completeness, that can be used as a starting point for the extant data collection in each study location over time. We present an example on the use of this tiered approach, to tailor the data needs for Queens County and to provide general guidance for application to other NCS locations.Preexisting and continually evolving databases are available for use in the NCS to characterize exposure. The three levels of data we identified will be used to test a method for developing exposure indices for segments and homes during the pilot phase of NCS, as outlined in this article.
Effect of duration of depolarisation on contraction of normal and hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes
Authors: H B. Nuss, S. R Houser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Effect of duration of depolarisation on contraction of normal and hypertrophied feline ventricular myocytes Get access H Bradley Nuss, H Bradley Nuss Department ot Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA: H B Nuss, S R Houser. Correspondence to Dr Houser Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven R Houser Steven R Houser Department ot Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA: H B Nuss, S R Houser. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 10, October 1994, Pages 1482–1489, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.10.1482 Published: 01 October 1994 Article history Received: 06 December 1993 Accepted: 15 June 1994 Published: 01 October 1994
Prothèse biliaire métallique comme alternative à la sphinctérotomie seule pour traiter les sténoses oddiennes bénignes chez le sujet âgé
Authors: T Piche, G Vanbiervliet, R Dainese, L Bataille, JF Demarquay, FX Caroli-Bosc, X Hébuterne, P Rampal, R Dumas
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: La sphinctérotomie endoscopique (SE) constitue le traitement de référence des sténoses oddiennes bénignes mais le pourcentage de resténose et ses effets secondaires ont été rapportés dans 16,8 et 7,5% respectivement. Le but de l'étude était d'évaluer l'efficacité à long terme de la pose d'une prothèse biliaire métallique auto expansible associée à une SE préalable minimale dans une cohorte de sujets âgés nécessitant un drainage biliaire pour sténose oddienne bénigne symptomatique.
Primary care needs more management not more private sector involvement, conference hears
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Undermanagement of general practice means that services are unequal across England, delegates were told at a conference on the changing face of the profession. And this problem would continue until poor management was tackled.

Ron Singer, a GP principal in Edmonton, London, was speaking on behalf of the Keep Our NHS Public campaign at the meeting in London last week, which was organised by the Westminster Health Forum.

“The key thing is that general practice is undermanaged. GPs can do what the hell they like in some areas, and that does not help, particularly in deprived areas. Something like 7% of NHS money goes on managing the service. By any industry standards that is about 50% undermanaged.”

Although he acknowledged that this …
CARDIOSPHERES AND TISSUE ENGINEERING FOR MYOCARDIAL REGENERATION: POTENTIAL FOR CLINICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Mariangela Peruzzi, Giacomo Frati, Ilaria Chirichilli, Ursula Tuderti, Giuseppe Pugliese, Juan Carlos Chachques, Massimo Ricci, Federica Papetti, Andrea Marcantonio, Chiara Santo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Comparative analysis of Ig and TCR gene rearrangements at diagnosis and at relapse of childhood precursor-B–ALL provides improved strategies for selection of stable PCR targets for monitoring of minimal residual disease
Authors: Tomasz Szczepański, Marja J. Willemse, Bas Brinkhof, Elisabeth R. van Wering, Mirjam van der Burg, Jacques J. M. van Dongen
Journal: Blood (2002)
Endogenous prostaglandin I2 regulates the neural emergency system through release of calcitonin gene related peptide
Authors: K Arai
Journal: Gut (2003)

We previously reported that endogenous prostaglandin I(2), generated by a mild irritant, sensitised calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) containing sensory nerves and facilitated the release of CGRP and gastric mucosal protection against ethanol. Administration of capsaicin also inhibited ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury through immediate release of CGRP from primary sensory neurones, which is termed the neural emergency system. In the present study, we tested whether endogenous prostaglandin I(2) also modulates the cytoprotective action of capsaicin using prostaglandin I receptor knockout mice (IP(-/-)).The stomachs of IP(-/-) or their wild-type counterparts (IP(+/+)), anaesthetised with urethane (1.225 g/kg), were doubly cannulated from the oesophageal and duodenal sides, and the gastric mucosa was perfused (1 ml/min) with physiological saline. Perfusate was changed to 50% ethanol alone, or 50% ethanol containing capsaicin (16 approximately 1600 micro M). The injured area was estimated at the end of each perfusion experiment. In some animals, CGRP-(8-37), a CGRP antagonist (0.3 mg/kg), or indomethacin (1 mg/kg) was intravenously injected before perfusion of 50% ethanol containing capsaicin.Capsaicin inhibited the injured area in a dose dependent manner. Fifty per cent ethanol containing capsaicin (480 micro M) immediately increased intragastric levels of CGRP although 50% ethanol alone did not. The protective action of capsaicin (480 micro M) against ethanol was completely abolished by intravenous injection of CGRP-(8-37). Indomethacin also inhibited the protective action of capsaicin, and this was accompanied by reduced levels of intragastric CGRP. Intragastric levels of prostaglandin E(2) were not increased by capsaicin treatment but those of 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1alpha), a metabolite of prostaglandin I(2), were markedly increased. No protective action of capsaicin was observed in IP(-/-) which lacked the ability to increase intragastric CGRP levels in response to ethanol containing capsaicin. The CGRP content of the stomach from untreated IP(-/-) did not differ from those in IP(+/+). Capsaicin (160 micro M) together with intragastric perfusion of beraprost sodium (PGI(2) analogue, 2.5 micro g/ml) showed enhanced protection against ethanol induced injury. This enhanced protection was completely blocked by intravenous injection of CGRP-(8-37).The present results suggest that endogenous prostaglandin I(2) enhances the protective action of the capsaicin mediated neural emergency system against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury through enhancement of CGRP release.
Haemorrhagic-fever-like changes and normal chest radiograph in a doctor with SARS
Authors: Eugene B Wu, Joseph JY Sung
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

A 33-year-old doctor contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome presenting with features of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy without changes in the chest radiograph initially. A CT scan of his chest showed marked lung changes. His condition improved with intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg daily and ribavirin 1.2 g orally thrice daily. The case illustrates the importance of a break in fever between the viraemic and lung inflammatory phases of the illness that occurs before radiographic changes and which may obscure diagnosis. Careful quarantine and follow-up of these patients are necessary. Coagulopathy is usually uncomplicated and early CT of the chest may elucidate hidden lung changes and facilitate a rapid diagnosis.
RUPTURE OF INTESTINES BY KICK OF A HORSE.
Authors: W. A. JOLLEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>History.</h3> —A. W., a stout farm hand, was kicked in the abdomen by a heavy horse at 12 m. He was thrown some distance by the blow, falling on his shoulder, and lay unconscious for several minutes. He vomited once, but presented no signs of shock. The abdomen showed only a small bruise and was not very painful, for 1/16 grain of morphin relieved the pain. He rested easily and complained more of the pain in his shoulder than of that in his abdomen, until 7 p. m., thirty hours after the accident, when he began to vomit and to present evidences of shock which rapidly increased. He died at 11 a. m., forty-seven hours after being injured. <h3>Autopsy.</h3> —No external signs of injury. Internally, a general peritonitis from a transverse laceration of the small intestine about eighteen inches from the stomach. The laceration was one third of the circumference
Cardiac cell toxicity induced by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is modulated by glutathione
Authors: E. S Levine, H. S Friedman, O. W Griffith, O M. Colvin, J. H Raynor, M. Lieberman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Cardiac myocytes were exposed to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC, an activated derivative of cyclophosphamide) to assess whether early ionic events are associated with the dose limiting toxicity of this chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: Primary cultures of embryonic chick cardiac myocytes were grown to confluency and then exposed to a medium containing 4-HC. Cellular sodium, potassium, and calcium contents were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and related to protein and ATP content. Pretreatment of the cultured heart cells with glutathione depleting or enhancing agents provided the basis for evaluating the involvement of glutathione in the 4-HC-induced cytotoxicity. Results: Administration of 150 μM 4-HC to cardiac myocytes resulted in increases in cellular sodium and calcium contents and decreases in potassium, ATP, and protein contents. Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with L-buthionine-SR-sulphoximine, a specific inhibitor of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, depleted cellular glutathione to 12% of control and significantly reduced the minimum concentration of 4-HC causing cytotoxic changes. Conversely, elevation of cellular thiol content by the pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with glutathione monoethyl ester (but not glutathione) provided protection against 4-HC induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Cellular glutathione concentration can markedly influence the 4-HC induced changes in cellular ion content and ATP, which are early indicators of 4-HC induced cytotoxicity. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1248-1253
Polymorphisms of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: S. Pakakasama, E. Mukda, W. Sasanakul, P. Kadegasem, U. Udomsubpayakul, A. Thithapandha, S. Hongeng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract The involvement of phase I and II enzymes is well documented in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these enzymes are also known to alter their protein expression and function. Moreover, genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure have been proposed to be an etiology of cancer. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of these enzymes might affect the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). CYP 1A1, CYP 3A4*1B, CYP 3A5*3, CYP 3A5*6, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms were genotyped by using PCR‐RFLP in 107 children with ALL and 320 healthy controls. Allele and genotype frequencies of each of the SNPs were compared between two groups. It was found that the allele frequencies of CYP 1A1*1, *2A, *2B, and *4 were not different between cases and controls. CYP 3A4*1B allele frequency was only 0.8% and 0.9% in ALL and controls, respectively. CYP 3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, and *3/*3 genotype frequencies showed no statistically significant difference between patients and controls. CYP 3A5*6 was not detected in our population. The GSTM1 null genotype was significantly increased in children with ALL (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0, 2.7). In contrast, the GSTT1 null genotype did not show this effect. Our data thus demonstrate that the GSTM1 null genotype might increase the risk of childhood ALL in a Thai population. Am. J. Hematol. 79:202–205, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THREE LECTURES on CANCER of the SCROTUM in CHIMNEY-SWEEPS and OTHERS: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1892)

CANCER.MR. PRESIDENT AND GENTLEMEN,-Several years ago, in the ,course of a correspondence on the subject of the cancer statis- tics of the United Kingdom, Dr. William Ogle asked me on what authority I had somewhere made the statement that chimney-sweeps' cancer had become less frequent in this country.I replied that a general impression prevailed among us that such was the case, and quoted in favour of this impres- sion several of the leading textbooks of surgery.Dr. Ogle gave me to understand that the statistics of the Registrar-
Eosinophilic inflammation and interleukin 5 receptor alpha isoform expression in eosinophilic airway diseases
Authors: P.G.A. Gevaert, C. Bachert, G. Holtappels, C. Perez, P. Howarth, L. Fransen, J. Tavernier, P. van Cauwenberge
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Muthyala Chinna Pulliah Chetty
Authors: Santhi Chetty
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer associate specialist in medicine Hope Hospital, Salford (b 1924; q Stanley Medical College, Madras, 1951; DTM&H, DCH, MRCP), died from multiple organ failure after surgery for colon cancer on 12 November 2005.



Figure 1



Four years after qualifying, Muthyala Chinna Pulliah Chetty (“Pulliah”) left general practice in Madras to pursue postgraduate education in Edinburgh. Subsequently, he held senior house officer jobs in Middlesbrough, Nottingham, Ipswich, and Irvine, where he gained experience in a wide range of specialties, including neurosurgery, infectious diseases, and paediatrics. He finally settled in Salford in 1962, and, after initially training in paediatrics, transferred to general medicine in 1968. His association with Hope and its affiliated hospitals in Salford spanned more than 30 years. Pulliah continued to attend medical meetings after retirement up to the time of his final illness. He leaves a wife, two children, and four grandchildren.
EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING VS. PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS. TWO-YEAR RESULTS FROM A PATIENT-LEVEL POOLED ANALYSIS FROM THE SPIRIT II, III, IV AND COMPARE RANDOMIZED TRIALS
Authors: Elvin Kedhi, Pieter C. Smits, Patrick W. Serruys, Dean J. Kereiakes, Helen Parise, Martin Fahy, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Down regulation by iron of prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: N. Hisakawa, K. Nishiya, K. Tahara, A. Matsumori, K. Hashimoto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To examine the effect of iron on the prostaglandin (PG) E2 production by human synovial fibroblasts in vitro.Human synovial fibroblasts were isolated from synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and cultured in medium. Synovial fibroblasts were stimulated by human recombinant interleukin (IL) 1 beta (0.1-10 ng/ml) with or without ferric citrate (Fe-citrate, 0.01-1 mM). The amount of PGE2 in the culture medium was measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The production of PGE2 by the synovial fibroblasts was increased by stimulation with IL1 beta at all concentrations tested. Fe-citrate but not sodium citrate (Na-citrate) down regulated the production of PGE2 by the synovial fibroblasts, both with and without stimulation by IL1 beta. Fe-citrate inhibited the spontaneous PGE2 production by the cells in a dose dependent manner, and a maximum inhibition by Fe-citrate was observed at the concentration of 0.1 mM with IL1 beta stimulation. The down regulation by iron was reversed by the co-addition of desferrioxamine (100 micrograms/ml), an iron chelator.Iron down regulates the PGE2 production by synovial fibroblasts in vitro.
LiGluR Restores Visual Responses in Rodent Models of Inherited Blindness
Authors: Natalia Caporale, Kathleen D Kolstad, Trevor Lee, Ivan Tochitsky, Deniz Dalkara, Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer, Yang Dan, Ehud Y Isacoff, John G Flannery
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Inherited retinal degeneration results from many different mutations in either photoreceptor-specific or nonphotoreceptor-specific genes. However, nearly all mutations lead to a common blinding phenotype that initiates with rod cell death, followed by loss of cones. In most retinal degenerations, other retinal neuron cell types survive for long periods after blindness from photoreceptor loss. One strategy to restore light responsiveness to a retina rendered blind by photoreceptor degeneration is to express light-regulated ion channels or transporters in surviving retinal neurons. Recent experiments in rodents have restored light-sensitivity by expressing melanopsin or microbial opsins either broadly throughout the retina or selectively in the inner segments of surviving cones or in bipolar cells. Here, we present an approach whereby a genetically and chemically engineered light-gated ionotropic glutamate receptor (LiGluR) is expressed selectively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the longest-surviving cells in retinal blinding diseases. When expressed in the RGCs of a well-established model of retinal degeneration, the rd1 mouse, LiGluR restores light sensitivity to the RGCs, reinstates light responsiveness to the primary visual cortex, and restores both the pupillary reflex and a natural light-avoidance behavior.
The Use of Theological Classics in Teaching Medical Ethics
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To  Editor.—  Radwany and Adelson 1 consider ethics to be the division of philosophy that deals with questions of right and wrong. Ethics probably antedates philosophy, and codes of moral conduct such as  Code of Hammurabi and  Holy Bible are many centuries old. In addition to  use of literary classics in teaching medical ethics to physicians, I suggest  use of theological classics such as  Bible,  Talmud, and  codes of Maimonides ( Mishneh Torah ) and Joseph Karo ( Shulchan Arukh ) in  teaching of medical ethics. Such codes are, in nature and scope, roughly comparable to  corpus of canon law.  It is important to recognize  interface of medical ethics and religion. Religion does not intrude into  physician's medical prerogatives, provided  considerations in question are purely medical. However, modern medicine has moved into new areas in which great moral issues are involved.
Anatomy of a Care Quality Commission inspection
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Gareth Iacobucci finds out what a hospital inspection is like

Following recommendations from Robert Francis’s inquiry into failings at Mid Staffordshire foundation trust, England’s healthcare regulator, the Care Quality Commission (CQC), has revamped its regime for inspecting NHS services. The CQC’s predecessor, the Healthcare Commission, rated Mid-Staffordshire as good in 2007-08 despite high standardised mortality ratios. Clinicians and “experts by experience” such as patients are now included on larger inspection teams, while 15 essential standards for assessing services have been streamlined into five key areas: whether services are safe, effective, caring, well led, and responsive to people’s needs. Services now receive an overall rating of outstanding, good, requires improvement, or inadequate, the same metrics used by the schools regulator Ofsted. The added expenditure of implementing the new regime means the average cost of inspecting an acute hospital is now £80 000-£150 000 (€100 000-€190 000; $125 000-$230 000) depending on its size. I recently shadowed an inspection team at Kettering General Hospital, a small acute trust in Northamptonshire, to see how the new process was working in practice.

The day before the official inspection begins, the team meet to discuss preparation.

The trust briefs the CQC team at 4 00 pm on issues that may be relevant over the course of the inspection. At 6 30 pm the CQC and trust host a listening event at the hospital, where members of the public are asked to offer feedback on their experience of services in the past 12 months. Around 35 people attend the event.

The team assemble at 8 45 am. Lead inspector Fiona Allinson asks the team to look for any trust-wide problems that they spot such as lack of cleanliness or compliance with audits. The team divides into seven subteams of 5-6 people, each led by an inspection manager employed by CQC. The seven …
Hypochromic Anaemia in Adolescent Males
Authors: M. L. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1943)

ADOLESCENTSBRITISH two weeks of prophylactic therapy, what is the subsequent course?This remains to be answered, though the companies treated are to be followed up while at Fort Warren.Should a longer period than two weeks be tried?Is there a danger of creating a mass-sulphanilamide-fast organism?Such a possibility, particularly with the pneumococcus, in vitro and in vivo, has been indicated in a recent report of Schmidt, Sesler, and Deltwiler of Cincinnati, working with mice.Are there intraseasonal variations that may alter the figures offered in this report?SummaryThe incorporation of sulphanilamide in a lozenge offers a means of prolonged medication for suclh lesions of the mouth and pharynx as are amenable to treatment with the drug.The results obtained in several hundred cases treated therapeutically and prophylactically indicate that this mode of sulphonamide medication shows promise. I am indebted to