tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Carbohydrate Diet for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cristina Moreno-Castilla, Marta Hernandez, Merce Bergua, Maria C. Alvarez, Maria A. Arce, Karen Rodriguez, Montserrat Martinez-Alonso, Montserrat Iglesias, Magdalena Mateu, Maria D. Santos, Linda R. Pacheco, Yolanda Blasco, Eva Martin, Nuria Balsells, Nuria Aranda, Didac Mauricio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Medical nutrition therapy based on the control of the amount and distribution of carbohydrates (CHO) is the initial treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing different dietary strategies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low-CHO diet for the treatment of GDM would lead to a lower rate of insulin treatment with similar pregnancy outcomes compared with a control diet.A total of 152 women with GDM were included in this open, randomized controlled trial and assigned to follow either a diet with low-CHO content (40% of the total diet energy content as CHO) or a control diet (55% of the total diet energy content as CHO). CHO intake was assessed by 3-day food records. The main pregnancy outcomes were also assessed.The rate of women requiring insulin was not significantly different between the treatment groups (low CHO 54.7% vs. control 54.7%; P = 1). Daily food records confirmed a difference in the amount of CHO consumed between the groups (P = 0.0001). No differences were found in the obstetric and perinatal outcomes between the treatment groups.Treatment of women with GDM using a low-CHO diet did not reduce the number of women needing insulin and produced similar pregnancy outcomes. In GDM, CHO amount (40 vs. 55% of calories) did not influence insulin need or pregnancy outcomes.
Ascorbic Acid Supplements and Kidney Stone Incidence Among Men: A Prospective Study
Authors: Laura D. K. Thomas, Carl-Gustaf Elinder, Hans-Göran Tiselius, Alicja Wolk, Agneta Åkesson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Urinary oxalate is an important determinant of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.1 Vitamin C is excreted in urine both in its unmetabolized form and as oxalate; however, there remains considerable uncertainty over the kidney stone risk that may be associated with ascorbic acid supplement use.2
Effects of Diisononyl Phthalate on Atopic Dermatitis <i>in Vivo</i> and Immunologic Responses <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Eiko Koike, Rie Yanagisawa, Kaori Sadakane, Ken-ichiro Inoue, Takamichi Ichinose, Hirohisa Takano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundDiisononyl phthalate (DINP), a principal plasticizer in many polyvinyl chloride products, has been shown to have an adjuvant effect on immunoglobulin (Ig) production in mice. However, the effects of DINP on allergic diseases have not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesIn the present study we investigated the effects of DINP on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) in atopic-prone NC/Nga mice.MethodsMice were injected intradermally with Dp on their ears and were exposed to DINP (0, 0.15, 1.5, 15, or 150 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally. We evaluated clinical scores, ear thickening, histologic findings, protein expression of cytokines/chemokines in the ear, and serum levels of Ig and histamine. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of DINP on bone-marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) or splenocytes in vitro. After exposure to DINP (0–100 μM), cells were evaluated for phenotype and function.ResultsDINP aggravated AD-like skin lesions related to Dp. The aggravation was consistent with eosinophilic inflammation, mast cell degranulation, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression in the ear. DINP enhanced the expression of cell surface activation markers on BMDCs and their production of TARC/CCL17 (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine) and MDC/CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine), as well as their capacity to stimulate Dp-specific T-cell proliferation. DINP also enhanced interleukin-4 production and Dp-stimulated proliferation of splenocytes.ConclusionsDINP can aggravate AD-like skin lesions related to Dp. The mechanisms of the aggravation might be mediated, at least partly, through the TSLP-related activation of dendritic cells and by direct or indirect activation of the immune cells.
AP2γ regulates basal progenitor fate in a region- and layer-specific manner in the developing cortex
Authors: Luisa Pinto, Daniela Drechsel, Marie-Theres Schmid, Jovica Ninkovic, Martin Irmler, Monika S Brill, Laura Restani, Laura Gianfranceschi, Chiara Cerri, Susanne N Weber, Victor Tarabykin, Kristin Baer, François Guillemot, Johannes Beckers, Nada Zecevic, Colette Dehay, Matteo Caleo, Hubert Schorle, Magdalena Götz
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2009)
SOFT FIBROMA OF THE LARYNX AND NECK, REMOVED BY EXTERNAL OPERATION, WITHOUT OPENING THE CAVITY OF THE LARYNX
Authors: F. Semon
Journal: BMJ (1905)

THT patient whose case forms the subject of the following communication was twice shown-on March 9th, i898, and on June 2nd, 1899-to the Liryniological society of London, and her cAse was made the subject of a further communication on June 3rd of the present year.If, nevertheless, the case be now-that is, after operation and microscopic examination have fully elucidated its nature-put on record in its entirety, this course appears to be justified by the extreme rarity of and the exceptional interest attached to its clinical history, its histological nature, -and to the very unusual opera- tion that was ultimately performed.It is, in fact, the first case, so far as I know, in which a pure soft fibroma has ever been observed to have involved simultaneously the larynx and neck, and the second on record in which a partly intra- laryngeal tumour has been removed without the laryngeal cavity having been opened.Its history is as follows:The patient, a married lady, aged 40, was sent to me on March 7th, 1898, by Dr. Harrison, of Chenies Court, S.W.She formerly lived in the North-West of Canada, and up to about x888 enjoyed good health, except that she some- times suffered from slight " spasms in the throat."
Research on Dead Persons
Authors: Akira Akabayashi, Masahiro Morioka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1989Research on Dead PersonsAkira Akabayashi, MD, Masahiro Morioka, MAAkira Akabayashi, MD, Masahiro Morioka, MAAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-1-89 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The article by Dr. Coller and colleagues (1) and the editorial by Dr. La Puma (2) raise important ethical issues concerning the use of "neomorts." This issue has been raised in the United States and France (2); readers may also wish to know the present status of this problem in Japan.Determination of death based on brain death and organ procurement from the brain-dead are still in question in Japan, and heart and liver transplantations are not done. A few years ago, techniques for prolonging the biological function of the brain-dead (average, 3 weeks) were developed by...References1. CollerScudderBergerIuliucci BLHJ. Inhibition of human platelet function in vivo with a monoclonal antibody: with observations on the newly dead as experimental subjects. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:635-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. La Puma J. Discovery and disquiet: research on the brain-dead. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:606-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. YoshiokaSugimotoUenishi THM. Prolonged hemodynamic maintenance by the combined administration of vasopressin and epinephrine in brain death: a clinical study. Neurosurgery. 1986;18:565-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Gaylin W. Harvesting the dead—the potential for recycling human bodies. Harpers Magazine. September 1974;28. Google Scholar5. AkabayashiMorioka AM. Possibility of medical utilization of the brain-dead and its ethical acceptability. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Igaku No Ayumi). 1988;145:173-5. Google Scholar6. MoriokaAkabayashi MA. Medical utilization of the brain-dead: technical possibility and ethical regulation. Chuoh-Kohron. 1988;5:256-68. Google Scholar1. Baker R. Research on brain-dead patients [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:88. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBrain-Death and Organ Transplantation: The First Japanese PathNatural Right to Grow and Die in the Form of Wholeness: A Philosophical Interpretation of the Ontological Status of Brain-dead ChildrenLe principe d'intégrité comme droit naturelA search for substructure of leptons and quarks with the CELLO detectorOrganolead Compounds 1 July 1989Volume 111, Issue 1Page: 89-90KeywordsBrainHeartLiver transplantation Issue Published: 1 July 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intracoronary Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Large Anterior Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martin Penicka, Jan Horak, Petr Kobylka, Robert Pytlik, Tomas Kozak, Otakar Belohlavek, Otto Lang, Hana Skalicka, Stanislav Simek, Tomas Palecek, Ales Linhart, Michael Aschermann, Petr Widimsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Differences in the expression of the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with anti-immunoglobulin E-induced or active anaphylaxis in mast cell-deficient and normal mice. Mast cells are not required for the cardiopulmonary changes associated with certain fatal anaphylactic responses.
Authors: T Takeishi, T R Martin, I M Katona, F D Finkelman, S J Galli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We compared the changes in heart rate (HR), pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and pulmonary conductance (GL) associated with three different models of anaphylaxis in genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv and congenic normal (+/+) mice. Intravenous infusion of a monoclonal rat anti-mouse IgE produced a marked tachycardia, diminutions in Cdyn and GL, and death in +/+ but not W/Wv mice, and +/+ mice sensitized to develop high circulating levels of IgE exhibited HR, Cdyn, and GL responses to rat anti-IgE challenge which were significantly less intense than those in nonimmunized +/+ mice. By contrast, virtually identical cardiopulmonary responses were observed in either +/+ or W/Wv mice challenged to elicit pure active anaphylactic responses or simultaneous active and anti-IgE-dependent anaphylaxis. These findings show that anaphylactic responses associated with significant tachycardia, reductions in Cdyn and GL, and death can occur in the virtual absence of tissue mast cells. This is true even though, in normal mice, such responses are associated with extensive degranulation of tissue mast cells. By contrast, certain models of anaphylaxis, such as that induced in nonsensitized mice by anti-mouse IgE, can not be elicited in the absence of mast cells.
Why bother about opponency? Our theoretical ideas on elementary colour coding have changed our language of experience
Authors: Rainer J. Mausfeld
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There is no natural and pretheoretical classification of colour appearances into hue, saturation, brightness, unique hues, and so on. Rather, our theoretical insights into the coding of colour have reciprocally shaped the way we talk about colour appearances. Opponency is only one of many fundamental aspects of colour coding, and we are hardly justified in ascribing some theoretical prominance to it.
Comparative vascular pharmacology of the atriopeptins.
Authors: K Wakitani, T Oshima, A D Loewy, S W Holmberg, B R Cole, S P Adams, K F Fok, M G Currie, P Needleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The atriopeptins are potent relaxants of norepinephrine-constricted aortic strips or are dilators of renal blood vessels in isolated perfused rat kidneys that are constricted by norepinephrine. This vasorelaxant property of the atriopeptins requires the presence of phenylalanine arginine (i.e., atriopeptin II, III, or ser-leu-arg-arg atriopeptin III) residues in the carboxy terminus which are considerably more effective than atriopeptin I (the 21 amino acid peptide which lacks the phe-arg C-terminus) or the core peptide (residues 3-19). However, these artificially in vitro precontracted preparations do not accurately predict the vascular effectiveness of the atriopeptins in intact rats. Intravenous administration of the atriopeptins (including atriopeptin I) to anesthetized rats produces concentration-dependent hypotension, a selective decrease in renal resistance in low doses (determined with microspheres), and pronounced diuresis. At higher doses, atriopeptins increase blood flow in other vascular beds. On the other hand, in the anesthetized dog, injection (intraarterially) of the phe-arg-containing peptides produces a concentration-dependent increase in both renal blood flow and sodium excretion, whereas atriopeptin I is inactive. Although there is a species difference in responsiveness to atriopeptin I, these data demonstrate a direct correlation between the renal vasodilation and diuresis produced by this novel family of atrial peptides.
Clinical and histopathologic features of hair loss in patients with HIV-1 infection
Authors: Kathleen J Smith, Henry G Skelton, Deanna DeRusso, Leonard Sperling, Josef Yeager, Kenneth F Wagner, Peter Angritt
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

Background: Hair loss is common in patients with HIV-1 infection, and in black patients this loss may be associated with straightening. Possible causes are frequently present in patients with HIV-1. These causes include chronic HIV-1 infection itself and recurrent secondary infections, nutritional deficiencies, immunologic and endocrine dysregulation, and exposure to multiple drugs. However, histopathologic features have rarely been reported in these patients. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the changes in the hairs of a group of these patients and to identify the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes in the hairs and the histologic changes in the scalp. Methods: Hair plucks and pulls with scanning electron microscopy of the hairs were done on 10 patients with late-stage HIV-1 infection. In addition, scalp biopsy specimens were examined in both vertical and transverse sections. Results: All patients had telogen effluvium. Numerous apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes were seen in the upper external root sheath follicular epithelium in addition to a mild to moderate perifollicular mononuclear cell infiltrate often containing eosinophils. Variable dystrophy of the hair shafts was also a consistent feature. Conclusion: Although telogen effluvium is a common response to a wide spectrum of biologic stresses, the presence of apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes within the upper end of the external root sheath epithelium and dystrophy of hairs may be markers of hair loss in patients with HIV-1 infection.
Reduction of Serum Lipoprotein(a) Using Estrogen in a Man With Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Takaki Hiraga
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —The significance of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a genetic risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease has been well documented.1-3However, many aspects of its metabolism remain unclear.1,2There have been reports that Lp(a) is removed from the circulation by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors,4but the role of this receptor in the catabolism of Lp(a) is still controversial. We recently observed interesting changes in serum lipids, including Lp(a), in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia following estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer, which may help our understanding of Lp(a) catabolism.  A 67-year-old man with familial hypercholesterolemia (which consists of a marked elevation of LDL-cholesterol to more than 6.45 mmol/L and thickening of the Achilles tendon to 18 mm) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of prostatic cancer. He had been treated for a long time with cholestyramine (8 g/d) and probucol (1
Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden
Authors: E Haglund, A B Bremander, I F Petersson, B Strömbeck, S Bergman, L T H Jacobsson, A Turkiewicz, P Geborek, M Englund
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Objective To estimate the prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes. Methods The Swedish healthcare organisation comprises a system where all inpatient and outpatient care is registered by a personal identifier. For the calendar years 2003–7, all residents aged ≥15 years in the southernmost county of Sweden (1.2 million inhabitants) diagnosed by a physician with spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Aa-IBD) or undifferentiated spondylarthritis (USpA)) were identified. To obtain valid point estimates of prevalence by the end of 2007, identification numbers were cross-referenced with the population register to exclude patients who had died or relocated. Results The authors estimated the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (not including chronic reactive arthritis) as 0.45% (95% CI 0.44% to 0.47%). The mean (SD) age of patients with prevalent spondyloarthritis by the end of 2007 was 53 (15) years. Among the component subtypes, PsA accounted for 54% of cases, AS 21.4%, USpA 17.8% and Aa-IBD 2.3% with a prevalence of 0.25%, 0.12%, 0.10% and 0.015%, respectively. The remaining 6.4% had some form of combination of spondyloarthritis diagnoses. The prevalence of spondyloarthritis at large was about the same in men and women. However, the subtype PsA was more prevalent in women and AS was more prevalent in men. Conclusion In Sweden the prevalence of spondyloarthritis leading to a doctor consultation is not much lower than rheumatoid arthritis. PsA was the most frequent subtype followed by AS and USpA, and the two most frequent subtypes PsA and AS also display some distinct sex patterns.
S86 The Inflammatory Response To Streptococcus Pneumoniae Is Exaggerated By The Polysaccharide Capsule
Authors: J. Periselneris, S. Chimalapati, G. Tomlinson, A. Dyson, C. Hyams, H. Rukke, F. Peterson, M. Singer, M. Noursadeghi, J. Brown
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infections characteristically cause a high degree of inflammation. The <i>S. pneumoniae</i> polysaccharide capsule prevents opsonophagocytosis and is essential for virulence. The capsule might also be expected to reduce the host’s inflammatory response by inhibiting bacterial interactions with pro-inflammatory signalling proteins eg toll-like receptors (TLR), but this has not previously been investigated. Using isogenic unencapsulated strains and <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of infection we have characterised capsule effects on the inflammatory response to<i> S. pneumoniae.</i> Surprisingly, although the unencapsulated (Δ<i>cps</i>) <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strain was much more sensitive to phagocytosis by macrophages and induced a stronger NFκB response by human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) it caused similar levels of stimulation of a TLR2 reporter cell line as the encapsulated strain TIGR4. In addition, microarrays demonstrated increased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines by MDMs in response to TIGR4 compared to the Δ<i>cps</i> strain, and quantitative PCR and ELISAs confirmed stronger TNF, IL1β, and IL6 responses by MDMs to TIGR4. Furthermore, compared to the Δ<i>cps</i> strain the TIGR4 strain caused greater neutrophil recruitment and higher cytokine levels in the lungs in a mouse model of pneumonia, as well as higher serum cytokine levels with worse hypotension in a rat model of sepsis. Additional <i>in vitro</i> experiments excluded antibody, complement, pneumolysin, the inflammasome, and lectin-mediated signalling as mechanisms driving differences in inflammatory responses between TIGR4 and Δ<i>cps</i>. Expression of the TIGR4 capsule in <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> did not increase MDM or murine inflammatory responses. Notably, preventing phagocytosis with cytochalasin D did not alter differences in the inflammatory response between TIGR4 and the Δ<i>cps</i> strains, and <i>in silico</i> analysis suggested the Δ<i>cps</i> strain activated a wider range of transcription factors. Overall, the data indicate that unencapsulated <i>S. pneumoniae</i> stimulate a wider range of host cell signalling pathways than encapsulated bacteria, some of which are likely to be anti-inflammatory. Hence the capsule, rather than reducing inflammation, causes increased pro-inflammatory responses and subsequent disturbances to host physiology during <i>S. pneumoniae</i> infection. Targeting the mechanisms responsible for capsule-dependent inflammation could offer novel treatment options for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with <i>S. pneumoniae</i> infections.
Cataract Extraction after Vitrectomy
Authors: William E. Smiddy, Walter J. Stark, Ronald G. Michels, A. Edward Maumenee, Arlo C. Terry, Bert M. Glaser
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)

Cataract extractions were performed in 25 patients who had previously undergone pars plana vitrectomy. Posterior chamber IOLs were implanted in 20 of 26 eyes. Modification of the usual surgical technique was often necessary because the zonules and/or posterior capsule were unusually mobile. Lens opacities were nuclear sclerotic in 17 eyes (65%) and posterior subcapsular in nine eyes (35%). Visual acuity improved an average of five lines, and final visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 13 eyes (50%). Visual acuity after cataract extraction closely paralleled the best visual acuity after vitreous surgery in all patients. Complications were tears in the posterior capsule in two eyes and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in one eye. These complications did not limit final vision.
RELATION OF VARICELLA TO HERPES ZOSTER
Authors: T. M. Rivers, L. A. Eldridge
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Varicella most frequently occurs in individuals under 10 years of age, while zoster as a rule is observed in persons beyond that age. The number of cases of varicella exhibits a markedly constant seasonal variation. The variations in the prevalence of herpes zoster are not regular and do not parallel those of varicella.
Intensive Therapy of Wilson's Disease.
Authors: I. H. Scheinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Intensive Therapy of Wilson's Disease.I. H. Scheinberg, M.D., I. Sternlieb, M.D.I. H. Scheinberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, I. Sternlieb, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-717_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEvidence has been accumulated in the past several years indicating that Wilson's disease is synonymous with chronic human copper toxicity and that intensive removal of copper from patients results in improvement in the symptoms and signs of the disease. We have previously presented findings to this audience which indicated that gradual removal of copper is generally accompanied by slow clinical amelioration, particularly of the neurologic manifestations of the illness.With the availability of plentiful supplies of D-penicillamine, and the addition of injections of BAL to the regimen, it has become possible to effect removal of significant amounts of copper in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 717-717KeywordsBronchoalveolar lavageSigns and symptomsToxicity Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...