tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aluminium <i>per se</i> and in the anti‐acid drug sucralfate promotes sensitization via the oral route
Authors: R. Brunner, J. Wallmann, K. Szalai, P. Karagiannis, H. Altmeppen, A. B. Riemer, E. Jensen‐Jarolim, I. Pali‐Schöll
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Aluminium (ALUM) is used as experimental and clinical adjuvant for parenteral vaccine formulation. It is also contained in anti-acid drugs like sucralfate (SUC). These anti-acids have been shown to cause sensitization to food proteins via elevation of the gastric pH. The aim of this study was to assess the oral adjuvant properties of ALUM, alone or contained in SUC, in a BALB/c mouse model.Mice were fed SUC plus ovalbumin (OVA) and compared with groups where ALUM or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were applied as adjuvants. The humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed on antigen-specific antibody and cytokine levels. The in vivo relevance was investigated in skin tests.The highest OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE antibody levels were found in mice fed with OVA/SUC, followed by OVA/ALUM-treated animals, indicating a T helper 2 (Th2) shift in both groups. Antibody levels in other groups revealed lower (OVA/PPI-group) or baseline levels (control groups). Positive skin tests confirmed an allergic response in anti-acid or adjuvant-treated animals.Our data show for the first time that ALUM acts as a Th2-adjuvant via the oral route. This suggests that orally applied SUC leads to an enhanced risk for food allergy, not only by inhibiting peptic digestion but also by acting as a Th2-adjuvant by its ALUM content.
Median age at death as an indicator of premature mortality
Authors: E. Jannerfeldt, L.-G. Horte
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The median age at death from certain diseases was calculated for each year for 1969-85 and compared with that at death from all causes. The results indicated the impact of these diseases in terms of premature mortality and changes over time. Cancer was a more important cause of premature mortality among women than among men. For cancer of the cervix the median age at death increased appreciably whereas for cancer of the lung in women it slightly decreased. The median age at death is easy to calculate, does not require standardisation, and has a useful role.
Overview of randomised trials of diuretics in pregnancy
Authors: M de Swiet, P. Fayers
Journal: BMJ (1985)

several new perforations in the small bowel were repaired.Apart from the persistence of an entero- cutaneous fistula there were no further abdominal problems.Following three months of total paren- teral nutrition his fistula closed, and enteral feeding was reintroduced without any problems.
Abstract 4230: A novel method for sequence- and strand-specific, genome-wide 5-hmC profiling.
Authors: XueGuang Sun, Adam Petterson, Hunter Chung, Xi Yu Jia, Marc E. Van Eden
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is a new epigenetic hallmark rapidly getting much interest as the subject of mapping and sequencing work. While the exact function of 5-hmC is not fully understood, it is likely to regulate gene expression via active DNA de-methylation. Previous studies have shown it may play an important role in cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cells that are more stem- and progenitor-like have greatly reduced levels of 5-hmC compared with more differentiated cells. Similarly, tumor cells display less 5-hmC than their normal counterparts. This was not associated with either grade or stage, suggesting that global loss of 5-hmC may be an early event in carcinogenesis. To date, several methods have been developed to profile 5-hmC at the genomic level: most are enrichment-based and utilize antibodies to 5-hmC or its modified forms or make use of bioorthogonal labeling and pull-down of glycosylated 5-hmC. The caveat is that these approaches are low resolution and that they require large amounts of input genomic DNA. Initial efforts for detection of 5-hmC at single-base resolution require several micrograms of DNA, require parallel or subtractive sequencing, and employ successive chemical treatments that can degrade DNA and hinder sequencing. Here we report on a new method that by combining modification-sensitive restriction enzymes with massively parallel (“next-generation”) sequencing approaches, genome-wide 5-hmC can be mapped at single site resolution from low (100 ng) DNA inputs. Importantly, this method can be used for strand-specific localization of 5-hmC as well as direct identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the sequencing reads. Data can also be compared directly with single-base resolution DNA methylation data from reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) for simultaneous 5-mC and 5-hmC profiling from the same sample. 5-mC and 5-hmC of human brain DNA using this combined method indicates unique distributions of the 5-hmC modification. This new method should provide a unique tool in enhancing our understanding of the interplay of genetic and epigenetic regulations in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: XueGuang Sun, Adam Petterson, Hunter Chung, Xi Yu Jia, Marc E. Van Eden. A novel method for sequence- and strand-specific, genome-wide 5-hmC profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4230. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4230
The Numbers Game — Reflections of an Honorary Medical Bureaucrat — The Christmas Spirit
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN 19701 the government decided that the medical-school intake in Britain should be increased so that about 4000 doctors would graduate annually from 1980 onward. Delays in the expansion of medical-school building have made it impossible to reach this target as early as was hoped, but the validity of the data on which the target was based has been questioned. The Department of Health and Social Security has just published a new document entitled "Medical Manpower: The next twenty years."2 As previously mentioned in the Journal,3 many earlier efforts to forecast the number of doctors required in Britain at . . .
Rapid HIV-1 Testing During Labor&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Multicenter Study&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Marc Bulterys, Denise J. Jamieson, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Mardge H. Cohen, Robert Maupin, Steven Nesheim, Mayris P. Webber, Russell Van Dyke, Jeffrey Wiener, Bernard M. Branson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Context Timely testing of women in labor with undocumented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status could enable immediate provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis.Objectives To determine the feasibility and acceptance of rapid HIV testing among women in labor and to assess rapid HIV assay performance. Design, Setting, and PatientsThe Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention At Delivery (MIRIAD) study implemented 24-hour counseling and voluntary rapid HIV testing for women in labor at 16 US hospitals from November 16, 2001, through November 15, 2003.A rapid HIV-1 antibody test for whole blood was used.Main Outcome Measures Acceptance of HIV testing; sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the rapid test; time from blood collection to patient notification of results.Results There were 91707 visits to the labor and delivery units in the study, 7381 of which were by eligible women without documentation of HIV testing.Of these, 5744 (78%) women were approached for rapid HIV testing and 4849 (84%) consented.HIV-1 test results were positive for 34 women (prevalence=7/1000).Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid test were 100% and 99.9%, respectively; positive predictive value was 90% compared with 76% for enzyme immunoassay (EIA).Factors independently associated with higher test acceptance included younger age, being black or Hispanic, gestational age less than 32 weeks, and having had no prenatal care.Lower acceptance was associated with being admitted between 4 PM and midnight, particularly on Friday nights, but this may be explained in part by fewer available personnel.Median time from blood collection to patient notification of result was 66 minutes (interquartile range, 45-120 minutes), compared with 28 hours for EIA (PϽ.001).Conclusions Rapid HIV testing is feasible and delivers accurate and timely test results for women in labor.It provides HIV-positive women prompt access to intrapartum and neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis, proven to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, and may be particularly applicable to higher-risk populations.
The Th17–ELR+ CXC chemokine pathway is essential for the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease
Authors: Thaddeus Carlson, Mark Kroenke, Praveen Rao, Thomas E. Lane, Benjamin Segal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

The ELR(+) CXC chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 are up-regulated in the central nervous system (CNS) during multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, their functional significance and the pathways regulating their expression are largely unknown. We show that transfer of encephalitogenic CD4(+) Th17 cells is sufficient to induce CXCL1 and CXCL2 transcription in the spinal cords of naive, syngeneic recipients. Blockade or genetic silencing of CXCR2, a major receptor for these chemokines in mice, abrogates blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, CNS infiltration by leukocytes, and the development of clinical deficits during the presentation as well as relapses of EAE. Depletion of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) had a similar therapeutic effect. Furthermore, injection of CXCR2(+) PMN into CXCR2(-/-) mice was sufficient to restore susceptibility to EAE. Our findings reveal that a Th17-ELR(+) CXC chemokine pathway is critical for granulocyte mobilization, BBB compromise, and the clinical manifestation of autoimmune demyelination in myelin peptide-sensitized mice, and suggest new therapeutic targets for diseases such as MS.
Development and Clinical Validation of an <i>In Situ</i> Biopsy-Based Multimarker Assay for Risk Stratification in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Peter Blume-Jensen, David M. Berman, David L. Rimm, Michail Shipitsin, Mathew Putzi, Thomas P. Nifong, Clayton Small, Sibgat Choudhury, Teresa Capela, Louis Coupal, Christina Ernst, Aeron Hurley, Alex Kaprelyants, Hua Chang, Eldar Giladi, Julie Nardone, James Dunyak, Massimo Loda, Eric A. Klein, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Mathieu Latour, Jonathan I. Epstein, Philip Kantoff, Fred Saad
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Prostate cancer aggressiveness and appropriate therapy are routinely determined following biopsy sampling. Current clinical and pathologic parameters are insufficient for accurate risk prediction leading primarily to overtreatment and also missed opportunities for curative therapy.An 8-biomarker proteomic assay for intact tissue biopsies predictive of prostate pathology was defined in a study of 381 patient biopsies with matched prostatectomy specimens. A second blinded study of 276 cases validated this assay's ability to distinguish "favorable" versus "nonfavorable" pathology independently and relative to current risk classification systems National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN and D'Amico).A favorable biomarker risk score of ≤0.33, and a nonfavorable risk score of >0.80 (possible range between 0 and 1) were defined on "false-negative" and "false-positive" rates of 10% and 5%, respectively. At a risk score ≤0.33, predictive values for favorable pathology in very low-risk and low-risk NCCN and low-risk D'Amico groups were 95%, 81.5%, and 87.2%, respectively, higher than for these current risk classification groups themselves (80.3%, 63.8%, and 70.6%, respectively). The predictive value for nonfavorable pathology was 76.9% at biomarker risk scores >0.8 across all risk groups. Increased biomarker risk scores correlated with decreased frequency of favorable cases across all risk groups. The validation study met its two coprimary endpoints, separating favorable from nonfavorable pathology (AUC, 0.68; P < 0.0001; OR, 20.9) and GS-6 versus non-GS-6 pathology (AUC, 0.65; P < 0.0001; OR, 12.95).The 8-biomarker assay provided individualized, independent prognostic information relative to current risk stratification systems, and may improve the precision of clinical decision making following prostate biopsy.
Integration of prevention of violence against children and early child development
Authors: Christopher Mikton, Harriet MacMillan, Tarun Dua, Theresa S Betancourt
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Despite important scientific advances in how violence against children can disrupt healthy early development,the study of these issues has developed in relative isolation. Both areas are increasing in prominence,but so far there has been little call for their integration, despite the important connections between them. Without close integration, scarce resources are at risk of being wasted and potential synergies overlooked.
Analysis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression by human peripheral blood CD4-8- alpha/beta T cells demonstrates preferential use of several V beta genes and an invariant TCR alpha chain.
Authors: S Porcelli, C E Yockey, M B Brenner, S P Balk
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

CD4-CD8- (double negative [DN]) alpha/beta T cells are a largely uncharacterized subpopulation of unknown function. To investigate whether these cells are selected to recognize particular antigens or antigen-presenting molecules, DN alpha/beta T cells were purified from the peripheral blood of five normal donors and their T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains were examined. Random cloning of TCR alpha chains by single-sided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification identified an invariant rearrangement between V alpha 24 and J alpha Q, with no N region diversity, which was expressed preferentially by DN alpha/beta T cells from all donors. Random cloning also identified a precise V alpha 7.2-J alpha (IGRJa14) rearrangement, with two variable amino acids encoded in the V-J junction, which was enriched in the DN alpha/beta T cell preparations from some, but not all, donors. Analysis of TCR beta chains by quantitative PCR amplification demonstrated that the expression of four V beta gene families, V beta 2, 8, 11, and 13, was markedly increased in these DN alpha/beta T cell preparations. The expression of particular TCRs by DN alpha/beta T cells from multiple donors indicates that these cells, or at least a subpopulation of cells with this phenotype, recognize a limited spectrum of antigens and suggests that they may use nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecules.
Traité de thérapeutique chirurgicale. III. Abdomen: parois et tube digestif
Authors: A. P. Hovnanian
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This third volume of the series<i>Traité de thérapeutique chirurgicale</i>is in keeping with the best standards of publication. The illustrations, diagrams and the line drawings are exquisitely well reproduced and well chosen. For every disease entity presented, there is a short discussion of the clinical features, the surgical pathology, the varied surgical approaches, the complications, and their therapy. However, the ever expanding field of pre- and postoperative patient care, so vital in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, has been given very scanty attention. For example, a chapter or chapters dealing with fluid and electrolyte balance, intestinal decompression, indications of peritoneal drainage, principles in the choice of abdominal incisions, early ambulation and drug therapy, would be of definite value to the surgeon in training. The directly allied fields of medical science are not sufficiently emphasized. Moreover, the intentional omission of a reference list in a volume of this size is
Clinical anatomy and management of thoracic spine pain: Eds L G F Giles, K P Singer. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000. ISBN 7506-4789-2.
Authors: Simon Petrides
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Understanding thoracic spine pain is complex and demands the sharing of ideas and knowledge to improve the management of patients. This text highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach to the complexity of thoracic spine pain. Contributions from anatomy, pathology, chiropractic, osteopathy, and physiotherapy are presented in a readable …
Illnes s in Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: A. Raventos
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The communication by Cobb and Rose (224:489, 1973), concerned with excess illness in air traffic controllers, is clearly a sophisticated epidemiological investigation. I believe that an important definition was omitted, however, and that this may be confusing to some readers and might seriously hamper independent intellectual evaluation of the work. The definition omitted is that of  class airmen.  I have not heard that term before, and, therefore, do not know with certainty what the authors mean by it. One possibility is that they mean men who hold a Federal Aviation Agency medical certificate of the second class. If so, it refers to full-time or parttime professional pilots (who may not take kindly to being called secondclass airmen). Many of your readers may not be aware that airline pilots are required to maintain a medical certificate designated as first-class; other commercial pilots and flight instructors must have a
Disaster plan launches training, site selection
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

If a large-scale earthquake such as the one that struck sparsely populated Fort Tejon, Calif (160 km [100 miles] northwest of downtown Los Angeles), in 1857 were to occur in the same vicinity tomorrow, what could be done to rescue and care for the 12,000 to 100,000 persons who, authorities believe, might be injured? Considering such a possibility, President Reagan in 1981 established the Emergency Mobilization Preparedness Board. The board's Principal Working Group on Health has been chaired by US Department of Health and Human Services' former Assistant Secretary for Health Edward N. Brandt, Jr, MD, and includes representatives from the US Department of Health and Human Services' Public Health Service, US Department of Defense, Health Care Financing Administration, Veterans Administration, and Federal Emergency Management Agency. This group has developed the plan for a National Disaster Medical System. Patterned after the much-debated Civilian-Military Contingency Hospital System, the new system's objective
Function of the Thymus in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Jean-François Poulin
Journal: JAMA (1999)

The thymus represents the major site of the production and generation
of T cells expressing αβ-type T-cell antigen receptors. Age-related
involution may affect the ability of the thymus to reconstitute T cells expressing
CD4 cell-surface antigens that are lost during HIV infection; this effect
has been seen after chemotherapy and bone-marrow transplantation. Adult HIV-infected
patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) show a
progressive increase in their number of naive CD4-positive T cells. These
cells could arise through expansion of existing naive T cells in the periphery
or through thymic production of new naive T cells. Here we quantify thymic
output by measuring the excisional DNA products of TCR-gene rearrangement.
We find that, although thymic function declines with age, substantial output
is maintained into late adulthood. HIV infection leads to a decrease in thymic
function that can be measured in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues.
In adults treated with HAART, there is a rapid and sustained increase in thymic
output in most subjects. These results indicate that the adult thymus can
contribute to immune reconstitution following HAART.
The imprinted antisense RNA at the Igf2r locus overlaps but does not imprint Mas1
Authors: Robert Lyle, Daisuke Watanabe, Daniëlle te Vruchte, Walter Lerchner, Oskar W. Smrzka, Anton Wutz, Jeoffrey Schageman, Lisa Hahner, Christopher Davies, Denise P. Barlow
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Hemodialysis in Methyprylon Poisoning
Authors: Gregory Xanthaky
Journal: JAMA (1966)

METHYPRYLON, a nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotic, has been in clinical use since 1956. Approximately 36 cases of overdosage have been reported in varying detail but little information is available on its metabolism and toxicology.<sup>1-10</sup>No reports discuss its renal clearance, or suitability for hemodialysis. The purpose of this report is to present our experience with a patient who ingested 30 gm of methyprylon, was treated by extracorporeal hemodialysis, and in whom renal and dialysis clearance were determined. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 39-year-old housewife was transferred to Meadowbrook Hospital on Dec 5, 1965, four hours following ingestion of 30 gm of methyprylon. She informed her husband of the act and lapsed into unconsciousness while being transported to the emergency room of another hospital. Upon arrival at the referring hospital, the patient received gastric lavage, nalorphine hydrochloride, metamphetamine hydrochloride and metaraminol bitartrate. She became totally unresponsive to external stimuli and was
Severe Liver and Skin Toxicity After Radiation and Vemurafenib in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Christopher J. Anker, Antoni Ribas, Allie H. Grossmann, Xinjian Chen, Krishna K. Narra, Wallace Akerley, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, Robert Dirk Noyes, Dennis C. Shrieve, Kenneth F. Grossmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Retinal changes in malignant/accelerated hypertension.
Authors: D Wrong
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Sadly, this article is inappropriate and has caused more dismay and distress to a group of people already often under considerable stress- namely, those relatives trying to "honour their father and mother" by providing the bulk of the care for them but at times seeking a little help with the problem.They should be commended, not made to worry whether their rest is likely to kill their aged relative.
Acute Appendicitis with Concomitant Situs Inversus
Authors: William George Abel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

SITUS inversus viscerum is uncommon, only 200 cases having been catalogued up to 1912 by Karashima.1 By 1925, approximately 160 more cases had appeared in the literature,2 and in 1938 Larson3 estimated that over 475 cases had been reported. Adams and Churchill4 stated that situs inversus had occurred in 23 cases out of 237,112 admissions to the Massachusetts General Hospital. Sherk6 observed this condition in 10 cases among 347,000 hospital admissions. Willis6 reported 3 cases in 10,000 hospital admissions. LeWald7 recorded 29 cases in 40,000, and Francisco and Ongpin8 36 cases in 126,000 x-ray studies. Guen-ther9 reported 3 cases in . . .
RBC Exchange Pheresis for Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Stephen Rifkind
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An intermittent-flow blood cell separator was used to perform a sub-total RBC exchange pheresis with prompt relief or priapism secondary to sickle cell disease. The blood cell separator offers an efficient, practical, safe method of performing exchange transfusion in the adult. Surgical procedures in the treatment of priapism have met with limited success and carry a 50% rate of subsequent impotence. We believe that RBC exchange pheresis offers a superior approach in the treatment of complications of sickle cell crisis, including priapism, and should be instituted in the symptomatic patient before more drastic procedures are undertaken.