tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Jamaican Diabetes Survey: A protocol for the Caribbean
Authors: Dalip Ragoobirsingh, Eva Lewis-Fuller, Errol Y St A Morrison
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the point prevalence of diabetes in Jamaica. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A two-stage stratified random sampling design was used, and individuals aged 15 years and over were interviewed. Nonresponse was documented and factored into the final analysis of the survey data. The overall response rate obtained was 57.9%. All subjects with fasting blood glucose (FBG) &amp;gt; 6.1 mmol/1 (110 mg/dl) were brought back for an abbreviated glucose tolerance test. The data was analyzed using Epi 5, an advanced statistical program designed specifically for use with epidemiological data. RESULTS The 2,109 subjects who participated were the basis for estimates of diabetes and IGT prevalence. Among those with previously diagnosed diabetes, diet therapy alone, oral hypoglycemic agents plus diet therapy, insulin therapy, and lack of treatment were reported. CONCLUSIONS By the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, Jamaica has a point prevalence of diabetes of 17.9% in the 15-and-over age-group.
SPONTANEOUS AND ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX
Authors: A. Ramsbottom
Journal: BMJ (1929)

PNEITMOTHOR.AX, or tlhe presencec of air in the pleural cavity, is, I th1ink, a subject worthy of our consideratioin for two reaasons: in the fir st place, because the occurrenlicee cf spontaneous p)nieunliotliorax, thlouglh perlhaps rare, is one of
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH PERCAIN, A NEW LOCAL ANAESTHETIC
Authors: N. C. Lake, C. J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1930)

LOCAT, anaesthlesia-a tecrmii used in tlis article to cover tis.sue infiltr-atiolls;, ]nelr.vetuink and splanchnic blocks, anld sl)inal anae.sthesia,w^hether for the pr-oduiction of " anaes- tlhesia " or-" analgesia "' has not been, and possibly niever will he, a-s popular in this country as oni tlie Conitinielnt anld in certain l)pats of the United States.This is prol)ably largely owinlg to the traditional ideas established in the miniiids of the pUblic, whlich make themn less likely to cooper.atewillinglyv itl the surgeon, and create a bias ill favour of complete iuniconisciousniess.It must be poinited out that the teclhniique of local anaesthesia demiianids muchl more than the somuewhat perfunctory attentioni usually paid to it; iiioreover, tile specialI care that must be given to certaini (letails in the perfoimance -of operations; under local anaesthesia of necessity restricts the .surgeoni'sfreedom of action, and this miiay at times be conisidered a stufficienitly gra,ve inicoinveniienice to outweigh any advantages the method might offer.The last point in its turniwill depend iuponi the type of operation and the temperament of the suirgeoni.Other tliilgos being equial, lhow-eve:, tile disadvantages w-ouild be iniiimiii.izedif the local anaesthetic could( conliformlli ith the following, desiderata.1. Practical iomi-tonxicity in relatively large doses and th-l?absence of idiosyn)crasy.
Effects of Transoral and Transnasal Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy on Oxygenation and Cardiac Rhythm
Authors: C. B. Payne Jr., P. C. Goyal, S. C. Gupta
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The association of hypoxemia and cardiac arrhythmias with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is known. The effects of various methods of inserting the bronchoscope on blood oxygen tensions, the true prevalence of arrhythmias, and the clinical significance of PaO2 and rhythm changes are poorly defined. Arterial blood gas values, oxygen saturation and cardiac arrhythmias detected by 24-hour Holter monitoring were compared in 20 male patients undergoing either transoral or transnasal FOB. No significant difference in oxygen saturation was found; however, PaO2 values fluctuated widely and unpredictably and were significantly higher in the eight patients in the transnasal FOB group. No life-threatening arrhythmias were induced during bronchoscopy; however, because of minor arrhythmias such as sinus tachycardia, the overall frequency of arrhythmias rose from 60 % to 65 %. The incidence of arrhythmias in this study was similar to that reported during pulmonary function testing.
Chronic lower back pain in a 24 year old man
Authors: R. Mandegaran, S. Saha, A. Desai
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 24 year old man presented with a nine month history of lower back pain, which was worse at night and stopped him sleeping. The pain did not radiate, was not related to activity, and was mostly relieved with ibuprofen. Physical examination was unremarkable and he had no neurological signs. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein value were within normal limits. Plain lumbar radiographs showed a sclerotic right L4 lamina. Computed tomography of the lumbar spine was performed (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Axial computed tomogram of the L4 vertebra





### 1 What does the computed tomogram of the L4 vertebra show?

#### Short answer

The right L4 lamina and pedicle are expanded and sclerotic. A radiolucent nidus is seen within the lesion, together with calcification at the centre of the nidus.

#### Long answer

The right L4 lamina and pedicle are expanded and sclerotic (fig 2⇓). A radiolucent nidus is seen within the lesion, as well as calcification at the centre of the nidus. Together with the clinical picture, these radiological findings are suggestive of osteoid osteoma. The differential diagnosis for a dense lamina or pedicle on plain radiography includes osteoblastic metastases, bone island, osteoblastoma, atypical infection, and lymphoma. However, the patient’s age and lack of a history of cancer make an osteoblastic metastasis or lymphoma unlikely. A bone island would not be symptomatic. Infection is unlikely because of the lack of infective clinical features in the history. Osteoblastoma can have a similar clinical presentation to that of osteoid osteoma but the tumours tend to be larger.1



Fig 2 Axial computed tomogram of the L4 vertebra showing osteoid osteoma in the right lamina and …
Charity claims ready to use foods are crucial to reduce childhood malnutrition
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A charity is calling for greater use of nutrient dense ready to use foods (RUFs) at this week’s annual meeting of the United Nations standing committee on nutrition in Hanoi.

Medicins Sans Frontieres is lobbying for their increased use “as an effective response that can save the lives of acutely malnourished children,” as well as to help the 40% of the world’s children who are chronically malnourished.

These products come in the form of milk and peanut based pastes enriched with the vitamins and nutrients needed for rapid recovery. Because they do not need refrigeration …
INCREMENTAL BENEFITS OF HEMODIALYSIS ON LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE AND ADVANCED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Fatima Samad, Atish Mathur, Eyad lhaj, Osama Tariq Niazi, Sukhjeet Singh, James Maher, Marc Klapholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
VALIDATION OF AN OPERATOR-INDEPENDENT KNOWLEDGE-BASED BOUNDARY DETECTOR IN A MULTICENTER ENVIROMENT
Authors: M. W. Groch, J. Qian, W. D. Erwin, W. H. Moore, P. H. Murphy, C. A. Barnett, A. Ali, J. Lette
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Groch, M. W.; Qian, J.; Erwin, W. D.; Moore, W. H.; Murphy, P. H.; Barnett, C. A.; Ali, A.; Lette, J. Author Information
Genotypic analysis using a Y‐chromosome‐specific probe following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Hiroko Morisaki, Takayuki Morisaki, Yutaka Nakahori, Hiromi Ogura, Hitoshi Kanno, Kenzaburo Tani, Hideki Kodo, Hisaichi Fujii, Shigetaka Asano, Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract To monitor successful engraftment after bone marrow transplantation, we performed Southern hybridization analysis or dot blot analysis of DNA in a set of sex‐mismatched cases using a Y‐chromosome‐specific DNA probe (pHY10). This method was extremely sensitive and rapid for checking which cells contain the Y‐chromosome. Using this probe, analysis of cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow after transplantation demonstrated the usefulness of confirming engraftment of donor cells and of detecting mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism.
Using Forecast and Observed Weather Data to Assess Performance of Forecast Products in Identifying Heat Waves and Estimating Heat Wave Effects on Mortality
Authors: Kai Zhang, Yeh-Hsin Chen, Joel D. Schwartz, Richard B. Rood, Marie S. O’Neill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Heat wave and health warning systems are activated based on forecasts of health-threatening hot weather.We estimated heat-mortality associations based on forecast and observed weather data in Detroit, Michigan, and compared the accuracy of forecast products for predicting heat waves.We derived and compared apparent temperature (AT) and heat wave days (with heat waves defined as ≥ 2 days of daily mean AT ≥ 95th percentile of warm-season average) from weather observations and six different forecast products. We used Poisson regression with and without adjustment for ozone and/or PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) to estimate and compare associations of daily all-cause mortality with observed and predicted AT and heat wave days.The 1-day-ahead forecast of a local operational product, Revised Digital Forecast, had about half the number of false positives compared with all other forecasts. On average, controlling for heat waves, days with observed AT = 25.3°C were associated with 3.5% higher mortality (95% CI: -1.6, 8.8%) than days with AT = 8.5°C. Observed heat wave days were associated with 6.2% higher mortality (95% CI: -0.4, 13.2%) than non-heat wave days. The accuracy of predictions varied, but associations between mortality and forecast heat generally tended to overestimate heat effects, whereas associations with forecast heat waves tended to underestimate heat wave effects, relative to associations based on observed weather metrics.Our findings suggest that incorporating knowledge of local conditions may improve the accuracy of predictions used to activate heat wave and health warning systems.
PWE-123 Response to bile acid sequestrants is poor in patients with equivocal SeHCAT results
Authors: O Orekoya, J McLaughlin, E Leitao, W Johns, P Paine
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea that can be diagnosed by the SeHCAT test and treated with bile acid sequestrants (BAS). The purpose of this study was to clarify the use and efficacy of BAS in the treatment of patients with diarrhoea and equivocal SeHCAT results. <h3>Methods</h3> Case records were reviewed over a 6-year period for patients investigated by SeHCAT with a positive (≤8%), equivocal (&gt;8% and &lt;16%) or negative (&gt;16%) retention result. Patients were sub-characterised into the following groups. Group 1: terminal ileum Crohn9s disease, (pre or post resection) n=51. Group 2: diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) n=159. Group 3: BAM associated with other gastrointestinal disease n=51; of which cholecystectomy (n=37), coeliac disease (n=1), chronic pancreatitis (n=1), bacterial overgrowth (n=2), diabetes (n=4) and other gastrointestinal surgeries (n=6). Group 4: terminal ileum disease plus cholecystectomy n=3. Patients9 sex and age were recorded. Use of BAS (colestyramine or colesevelam) and response were noted. <h3>Results</h3> SeHCAT tests were performed in 264 patients and 39 (15%) patients were found to have equivocal results while 104 (39%) had positive results. Although 28/39 (72%) patients with equivocal results were offered treatment with BAS, information on response to treatment was only available in half of these patients (n=14). In comparison, there was a higher rate (75%) of follow-up in the patients with positive SeHCAT results with information on response to treatment being available in 73 of the 97 patients offered BAS treatment. There was a marked difference in response to BAS therapy between the two groups. A successful response was noted in only 36% (n=5) of patients with equivocal SeHCAT results while 66% (n=48) of patients with positive SeHCAT results had a successful response. The difference in treatment response was also most significant among the patients in group 2 with D-IBS. 73% (n=24/33) of the patients with positive SeHCAT results in group 2 responded to BAS therapy while only 33% (n=3/9) of those with equivocal SeHCAT results in this same group had a successful response. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This retrospective study indicates that there is a poorer response to bile acid sequestrants among patients with equivocal SeHCAT results, however it is possible there was a disproportionate number of non-responders attending for follow-up in this group. More comprehensive follow-up is needed in patients with equivocal SeHCAT results in the future to help determine whether BAS treatment in this lower response group is cost-effective. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Increased Hippocampal, Thalamic, and Prefrontal Hemodynamic Response to an Urban Noise Stimulus in Schizophrenia
Authors: Jason R. Tregellas, Jamey Ellis, Shireen Shatti, Yiping P. Du, Donald C. Rojas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: People with schizophrenia often have difficulty ignoring unimportant noises in the environment. While experimental measures of sensory gating have yielded insight into neurobiological mechanisms related to this deficit, the degree to which these measures reflect the real-world experience of people with schizophrenia is unknown. The goal of this study was to develop a clinically relevant sensory gating paradigm and to assess differences in brain hemodynamic responses during the task in schizophrenia. Method: Thirty-five participants, including 18 outpatients with schizophrenia and 17 healthy comparison subjects, underwent scanning on a 3-T MR system while passively listening to an "urban white noise" stimulus, a mixture of common sounds simulating a busy urban setting, including multiple conversations and events recorded from a neighborhood gathering, music, and talk radio. P50 evoked responses from a typical paired-click sensory gating task also were measured. Results: Listening to the urban white noise stimulus produced robust activation of the auditory pathway in all participants. Activation was observed in the bilateral primary and secondary auditory cortices, medial geniculate nuclei, and inferior colliculus. Greater activation was observed in the schizophrenia patients relative to the comparison subjects in the hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex. Higher P50 test/conditioning ratios also were observed in the schizophrenia patients. These evoked responses correlated with hemodynamic responses in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: The finding of greater activation of the hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex during a sensory gating task with high face validity further supports the involvement of these brain regions in gating deficits in schizophrenia. This link is strengthened by the observed correlation between evoked responses in the paired-click paradigm and hemodynamic responses in a functional MRI sensory gating paradigm.
Mohs' micrographic surgery using frozen sections alone may be unsuitable for detecting single atypical melanocytes at the margins of melanoma in situ
Authors: R.J. Barlow, C.R. White, N.A. Swanson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

It remains questionable whether micrographic surgery with frozen sections is an appropriate technique for excision of melanoma in situ (MIS) of the lentigo maligna type. Advocates of the technique have interpreted MIS as being histologically defined by nests and contiguous atypical melanocytes on the basal layer. Others, however, have viewed the periphery of MIS as consisting of scattered single atypical melanocytes, a finding that may be difficult or impossible to establish on frozen sections.To examine the reliability of micrographic surgery using frozen sections interpreted by an experienced Mohs' surgeon, in the excision of MIS.From a total of 154 specimens, frozen sections from the 50 specimens with margins that were considered difficult to interpret were thawed, sent for routine processing and then examined 'blind' by a dermatopathologist.Using the dermatopathologist's report on paraffin-embedded sections as a reference point, the sensitivity and specificity of frozen sections were calculated to be 59% and 81%, respectively.Using these histological criteria, micrographic surgery with frozen sections alone is unreliable in the excision of MIS.
The Use of Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold in the Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Musa Şahin, Mehmet Akif Vatankulu, Hakkı Şimşek, Abdurrhman Tasal, Ercan Erdoğan, Ahmet Bacaksız, Murat Turfan, Şeref Kul, Osman Sönmez, Ömer Göktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Improving Detection of Adverse Effects of Marketed Drugs
Authors: Donald F. Klein, Charles P. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lessons from a Danish Study on Neuropsychological Impairment Related to Lead Exposure
Authors: Philippe Grandjean, Troels Lyngbye, Ole Norby Hansen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Serious problems emerge when evaluating evidence on lead neurotoxcity in children.The extent ofthese problems and ways to control them were expolored in a study of 1291 children from the first class in the schools of Aarhus municipali- ty, Denmark.The lead retention in circumpulpal dentin in shed deciduous teeth was used as an indicator of cumulated lead exposure; it correlated most strongly with traffic density at the residence ofeach family and at the day-care institu- tions.In a nested case-control group selected on the basis ofdentin lead concentrations, 29 of200 children had encountered obstetrical complications and other medical risks for neurobehavioral dysnction; these children primarily belonged to the low-lead group.As lead-related neurobehaviora effects are nonspecific, inclusion of these children in the data analysis would therefore have distorted the results toward the null hypothesis.Children from the high-lead group who had experienced neonatal jaundice showed impaired performance when compared to other high-lead children; this finding may suggest a synergistic effect.The Bender gestalt test scored by the Gttingen system was the test that was most sen- sitive to lead exposure.The conclusion that neurobehavioral effects can be caused by the relatively low lead exposures in Denmark may not be surprising, as current exposures to this toxic metal greatly exceed the prepollution levels to which the human body originally adapted.
Method of healing diabetic forefoot ulcers.
Authors: J P Pollard, L P Le Quesne
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Six diabetic patients with neuropathic ulceration of the sole of the foot (seven feet, eight ulcers) were treated by the application of a below knee walking plaster with a rubber rocker. All the ulcers healed with this treatment, greatly reducing the usual period of hospital inpatient stay. After healing, study of the forces acting on the sole of the foot showed that these ulcers occur at the site of maximal horizontal shear force and confirmed that they occur at the site of maximal vertical force. This treatment is highly effective for neuropathic ulcers of the sole not affecting bone or complicated by deep sepsis. There may be a high rate of recurrence, however, reflecting inadequacy of methods of protecting damaged neuropathic feet.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Posture is important
Authors: Norman K Gibbon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—Fox and Forgacs do not mention the effects of posture on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in their review. 1 Controlled trials are not possible in this respect, but some weight must be given to the experience of many patients and doctors.

I can report on over 70 years of coming to terms with …
Akinetic Versus Dyskinetic Postinfarction Scar: Relation to Surgical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Endoventricular Circular Patch Plasty Repair
Authors: Marisa Di Donato, Michel Sabatier, Vincent Dor, Anna Toso, Mauro Maioli, Fabio Fantini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Liposarcomatous differentiation in diffuse pleural mesothelioma.
Authors: J Krishna, M T Haqqani
Journal: Thorax (1993)

A case history is presented of a woman who died eight hours after hospital admission with severe breathlessness. At necropsy the right lung was encased in a thickened pleura with a large tumour. Histological examination of the tumour showed pleural mesothelioma with liposarcomatous differentiation. The lungs showed changes of asbestosis and the asbestos fibre count was significantly raised. Liposarcomatous differentiation in pleural mesothelioma has not been reported previously.
Localization of Infectious Processes With Gallium Citrate Ga 67
Authors: Donald C. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Thirty patients received gallium citrate Ga 67 for scintiscanning in a search for abscesses and other covert infections—25 intra-abdominal and 5 extra-abdominal. Abnormal areas of isotope uptake were found in 25 patients; of these, six had proven infections; 15 had clinically established infections (but confirmatory tissue diagnostic procedures were not performed); one scan was false-positive; and three abnormal scans were due to tumor. This noninvasive scanning procedure has proved useful in identifying sites of inflammation. (<i>JAMA</i>230:82-85, 1974)
GMC opens consultation on level of proof needed to strike off doctors
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Survival of UK patients after cancer is improving but still lags behind the European average, despite the United Kingdom spending more than other countries on cancer, different sources of data published this week show.Figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that between 1999 and 2004 survival rates for most cancers in England improved.However, two studies published in Lancet Oncology (