tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children Show Highest Levels of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in aCalifornia Family of Four: A Case Study
Authors: Douglas Fischer, Kim Hooper, Maria Athanasiadou, Ioannis Athanassiadis, Åke Bergman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a major class of flame retardants, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with particularly high concentrations in humans from the United States. This study is a first attempt to report and compare PBDE concentrations in blood drawn from a family. Serum samples from family members collected at two sampling occasions 90 days apart were analyzed for PBDE congeners. Concentrations of the lower-brominated PBDEs were similar at the two sampling times for each family member, with children's levels 2- to 5-fold higher than those of their parents. Concentrations of, for example, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) varied from 32 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in the father to 60, 137, and 245 ng/g lw in the mother, child, and toddler, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) concentrations differed significantly between the two samplings. September concentrations in the father, mother, child, and toddler were 23, 14, 143, and 233 ng/g lw, respectively. December concentrations (duplicate results from the laboratory) were 2 and 3, 4 and 4, 9 and 12, and 19 and 26 ng/g lw, respectively. Parents' summation operatorPBDE concentrations approached U.S. median concentrations, with children's concentrations near the maximum (top 5%) found in U.S. adults. The youngest child had the highest concentrations of all PBDE congeners, suggesting that younger children are more exposed to PBDEs than are adults. Our estimates indicate that house dust contributes to children's higher PBDE levels. BDE-209 levels for all family members were 10-fold lower at the second sampling. The short half-life of BDE-209 (15 days) indicates that BDE-209 levels can decrease rapidly in response to decreased exposures. This case study suggests that children are at higher risk for PBDE exposures and, accordingly, face higher risks of PBDE-related health effects than adults.
Sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis: Assessment of the underlying cardiac anatomy and the prospective utility of programmed ventricular stimulation, drug therapy and an implantable antitachycardia device
Authors: Stephen L. Winters, Marc Cohen, Steven Greenberg, Bernardo Stein, Jay Curwin, Elena Pe, J.Anthony Gomes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Abdominal Distress After Taking Hydrochlorothiazide and Potassium-Reply
Authors: Ray W. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  In reply to Dr. H. J. Roberts's letter concerning my article, Use of Diuretics in the Treatment of Hypertension, I have not observed acute attacks of abdominal pain as a result of therapy with chlorothiazide or any thiazide diuretic. Potassium salts are gastrointestinal irritants and can cause many of the symptoms described by Dr. Roberts, although pain severe enough to resemble acute pancreatitis has not occurred in my experience. There is an oblique inference in Dr. Roberts's letter that some of his patients who could not tolerate the combination tablets of hydrochlorothiazide and potassium chloride were subsequently able to take the 2 drugs separately. I do not prescribe the combination tablets because they do not contain enough potassium, but I am unable to explain why the combination tablets should produce symptoms that the drugs given separately do not, unless the combination tablets were given on an empty
Abnormal Gallium Scintigraphy in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP)
Authors: SAMUEL D.J. YEH, DOROTHY A. WHITE, DIANE E. STOVER-PEPE, JAMES F. CARAVELL, CRAIG VAN UITERT, RICHARD S. BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A patient with medulloblastoma of the cerebellum developed dyspnea and hypoxemia. Pulmonary function tests showed decreased lung volume and diffusing capacity, while the chest radiographs initially showed only mild interstitial infiltrates. Repeated gallium scans showed diffuse lung uptake and diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was made by open lung biopsy.
Abstract 2134: Cyclosporin-A enhances cisplatin induced-apoptosis through inhibition PPIase activity of cyclophinlin A and Akt signaling pathway in a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wenfeng Zhang, Congfa Huang, Haixiao Zou
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Chemoresistance is a serious problem in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, but the mechanism of resistance and strategies against the resistance have not been elucidated. Cyclosporin-A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug that targets calcineurin and cyclophilin A (CypA), rencent studies show that it enhances apoptosis of chemotherapeutic drugs in various kinds of tumors. The aim of our study was to investigate whether CsA could enhance cisplatin induced apoptosis in tongue carcinoma. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effect of cisplatin and CsA, individually or in combination in a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, PPIase activity of cyclophinlin A and Akt phosphorylation were examined. Results: A combination of cisplatin with CsA synergistically attenuates cell gowth viability and markedly increased cleavage of caspase-3 and cytoplasmic histone associated DNA fragments in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells, compared with single-agent treatment alone. Moreover, anti-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly increased in the combination therapy group. In contrast, the PPIase activity of cyclophinlin A and Akt phosphorylation were evidently decreased by the combination effect. Conclusion: Together, our data suggest that CypA and Akt signaling pathway play a key role in cisplatin resistance of the tongue carcinoma cells. The combination therapy with cisplatin and CSA can overcome the chemoresistance of cisplatin, this may be a potentially useful therapeutic option for the human tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2134
Shared scheme for assessing drugs for multiple sclerosis: Cost effective provision of effective treatments for multiple sclerosis
Authors: J. C Napier
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Sudlow and Counsell think that the UK government's risk sharing scheme for the provision of disease modifying drugs for multiple sclerosis (interferon beta and glatiramer acetate) may be flawed.1

Firstly, the risk sharing scheme was introduced to ensure that the disease modifying drugs in question are acquired by the NHS in a cost effective manner, which will be reviewed by the …
Expression and characterization of von Willebrand factor dimerization defects in different types of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Reinhard Schneppenheim, Ulrich Budde, Tobias Obser, Jacqueline Brassard, Kerstin Mainusch, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, Sonja Schneppenheim, Rainer Schwaab, Johannes Oldenburg
Journal: Blood (2001)
Antipsychotic Agents and Serum Prolactin Levels
Authors: H. L. Masco
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I am a psychiatrist practicing essentially clinical psychopharmacology and I have long been disturbed by the lack of data and studies with respect to the effects of the elevations of serum prolactin produced by antipsychotic agents.  Like the treatment of hypertension, the treatment of psychosis generally involves long-term administration of agents that are well known and well demonstrated to raise serum prolactin levels. It would seem time that we begin to take a look at the incidence of carcinomas in patients who have been exposed to these agents for prolonged periods of time. I think it is very likely that when the data are compared it will be discovered that the elevation of prolactin with antipsychotic agents are at least as high if not higher than those found with reserpine, and these agents would probably give a much larger population to study.
Benign Desoxycorticosterone-Producing Adrenal Tumor
Authors: Kazuoki Kondo
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A woman with a benign tumor of the left adrenal cortex had a six-year history of hypertension. Serum potassium level and plasma renin activity were low. Plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were low normal, and plasma desoxycorticosterone (DOC) level was extremely high. Iodine 131-labeled cholesterol accumulated in the tumor in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. At laparotomy, a benign adrenal tumor was excised; thereafter, the blood pressure and plasma DOC levels returned to normal. We believe that this is the first case of a benign DOC-producing adrenal tumor.
Air toxics and asthma: impacts and end points.
Authors: W L Eschenbacher, A Holian, R J Campion
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted a medical/scientific workshop focused on possible asthma/air toxics relationships, with the results of the NUATRC's first research contract with the University of Cincinnati as the point of discussion. The workshop was held at the Texas Medical Center on 4 February 1994 and featured presentations by distinguished academic, government, and industry scientists. This one-day session explored the impact of various environmental factors, including air toxics, on asthma incidence and exacerbation; an emphasis was placed on future research directions to be pursued in the asthma/air toxics area. A key research presentation on the association of air toxics and asthma, based on the study sponsored by NUATRC, was given by Dr. George Leikauf of the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Additional presentations were made by H. A. Boushey, Jr., Cardiovascular Research Institute/University of California at San Francisco, who spoke on of the Basic Mechanisms of Asthma; K. Sexton, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, who spoke on hazardous air pollutants: science/policy interface; and D. V. Bates, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology at the University of British Columbia, who spoke on asthma epidemiology. H. Koren, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and M. Yeung, of the Respiratory Division/University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, discussed occupational health impacts on asthma. Doyle Pendleton, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, reviewed air quality measurements in Texas. The information presented at the workshop suggested a possible association of asthma exacerbations with ozone and particulate matter (PM10); however, direct relationships between worsening asthma and air toxic ambient levels were not established. Possible respiratory health effects associated with air toxics will require considerably more investigation, especially in the area of human exposure assessment. Two major recommendations for future research resulted from this workshop and an accompanying NUATRC Scientific Advisory Panel meeting: a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that accurate determinations of actual personal exposures to various pollutants can be made; and a need for field experiments utilizing biomarkers of exposure and effect to more accurately assess the extent and variability of the biological effects, if any, of individual air toxics.
Interactions of Dietary Whole-Grain Intake With Fasting Glucose– and Insulin-Related Genetic Loci in Individuals of European Descent
Authors: Jennifer A. Nettleton, Nicola M. McKeown, Stavroula Kanoni, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Marie-France Hivert, Julius Ngwa, Frank J.A. van Rooij, Emily Sonestedt, Mary K. Wojczynski, Zheng Ye, Tosh Tanaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Whole-grain foods are touted for multiple health benefits, including enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing type 2 diabetes risk. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in individuals free of diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that whole-grain food intake and genetic variation interact to influence concentrations of fasting glucose and insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Via meta-analysis of data from 14 cohorts comprising ∼48,000 participants of European descent, we studied interactions of whole-grain intake with loci previously associated in GWAS with fasting glucose (16 loci) and/or insulin (2 loci) concentrations. For tests of interaction, we considered a P value &amp;lt;0.0028 (0.05 of 18 tests) as statistically significant. RESULTS Greater whole-grain food intake was associated with lower fasting glucose and insulin concentrations independent of demographics, other dietary and lifestyle factors, and BMI (β [95% CI] per 1-serving-greater whole-grain intake: −0.009 mmol/l glucose [−0.013 to −0.005], P &amp;lt; 0.0001 and −0.011 pmol/l [ln] insulin [−0.015 to −0.007], P = 0.0003). No interactions met our multiple testing–adjusted statistical significance threshold. The strongest SNP interaction with whole-grain intake was rs780094 (GCKR) for fasting insulin (P = 0.006), where greater whole-grain intake was associated with a smaller reduction in fasting insulin concentrations in those with the insulin-raising allele. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the favorable association of whole-grain intake with fasting glucose and insulin and suggest a potential interaction between variation in GCKR and whole-grain intake in influencing fasting insulin concentrations.
Notes of Two Cases of Dystocia Arising from Relative Shortening of the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Alex. Maclennan
Journal: BMJ (1897)

to be diseased.With a sharp chisel I removed the upper wall of the osseous auditory meatus, and then, cutting upwards, I chiselled through the root of the zygoma and opened up the cerebral cavity.The dura mater was incised and a Macewen's pus-searcher passed upwards and inwards for about an inch into the temporo-sphenoidal lobe.
Hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis drugs.
Authors: J Devlin, D C Hutchison, S Fitt, J Wendon, R Williams
Journal: Thorax (1996)

p2 adrenoceptor polymorphismsWe read with interest the editorial by Dr Hall (April 1996;51:351-3) concerning polymorphisms in the ,B adrenergic receptor and asthma; however, we wish to take issue with one of his statements.He states that if the P adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are im- portant in defining the phenotype of asthma, then it should be possible to establish linkage between markers located on chromosome 5q at the adrenergic receptor and asthma.While this is strictly true, one could easily mistake this statement to mean that, if linkage was not established, the identified polymorphisms were not important in asthma.In particular, if these polymorphisms modify the severity of asthma but are not critical to the assignment of the asthma phenotype, then the two may not be linked even though the polymorphisms could be of major importance in asthma.Although subtle, we think this is an important distinction which needs to be clarified to avoid misunderstanding in the future.
Pharmacological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Calmodulin-Stimulated (Ca<sup>2+</sup>+Mg<sup>2+</sup>)-ATPase in Cultured Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Elizabeth J. McConnell, Gary W. White, James J. Brokaw, Beat U. Raess
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Plasma membrane (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase and Ca 2+ transport activities, best characterized in human erythrocytes, are stimulated by calmodulin and thought to play a crucial role in the termination of cellular Ca 2+ signaling in all cells. In plasma membranes isolated from cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, the (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase was not readily measured. This is in part because of an overabundance of nonspecific Ca 2+ - and/or Mg 2+ -activated ecto–5′-nucleotide phosphohydrolases. Moreover, addition of exogenous calmodulin (10 −9 to 10 −6 mol/L) produced no measurable stimulation of ATPase activities, suggesting a permanently activated state or, alternatively, a complete lack thereof. To establish and verify the presence of a calmodulin-regulated (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity in these endothelial cells, immunohistochemical localization using a monoclonal mouse anti–(Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase antibody (clone 5F10) was applied to intact pig aorta endothelium, cultured endothelial monolayers, and isolated endothelial plasma membrane fractions. This approach clearly demonstrated Ca 2+ pump immunoreactivity in each of these preparations. To confirm functional calmodulin stimulation of the (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase, 10 −5 mol/L calmidazolium ( R24571 ) was added to the isolated plasma membrane preparation, which lowered the (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity from 143.0 to 78.15 nmol P i /mg protein · min –1 . This calmidazolium-reduced activity could then be stimulated 113.1±0.8% in a concentration-dependent manner by the addition of exogenous calmodulin (10 −7 to 2×10 −6 mol/L) with an EC 50 of 3.45±0.04×10 −7 mol/L (n=4). This represents a competitive lowering of the apparent calmodulin affinity by ≈100 compared with other unopposed calmodulin-stimulated processes. Together, these findings support evidence for the presence of a calmodulin-stimulated plasma membrane (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells.
Dizziness and Perceptual Style
Authors: K. O’Connor, C. Chambers, R. Hinchcliffe
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

This study tested the hypothesis that patients suffering from non-organic ('psychogenic') dizziness would score higher on Witkins' frame dependence test than a group of dizzy patients with peripheral organic damage. A computerized version of the portable rod and frame test was administered to a group of 10 chronic ENT patients with peripheral vestibular disease, 10 ENT patients with no detectable organic problems and 10 non-dizzy controls. Contrary to the hypothesis, the psychogenic group had less frame-dependent error than the peripheral group and less (though not significantly so) than the normal group. Four of the psychogenic group had very low frame dependence scores. The experience of dizziness may not be necessarily related to anxiety proneness and may be a function of an inhibitory autonomous perceptual style as well as one overly dependent on external cues.
Urinary N-acetyl- beta-D-glucosaminidase activities in patients with renal disease.
Authors: J M Wellwood, B G Ellis, R G Price, K Hammond, A E Thompson, N F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were assayed in every urine void throughout 24 hours in 17 normal people and in four patients with renal disease. The variation in NAG activity due to changing rates of urine flow was almost eliminated by factoring enzyme activity by the urinary creatinine concentration. Random samples of urine may thus be used for assay. The results of NAG assay in 36 patients with acute and chronic renal diseases showed that NAG was a sensitive indicator of renal damage. This simple test may be valuable in detecting or monitoring renal disease.
Interleukin 2, but Not Other Common γ Chain–Binding Cytokines, Can Reverse the Defect in Generation of Cd4 Effector T Cells from Naive T Cells of Aged Mice
Authors: Laura Haynes, Phyllis-Jean Linton, Sheri M. Eaton, Susan L. Tonkonogy, Susan L. Swain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Development of effectors from naive CD4 cells occurs in two stages. The early stage involves activation and limited proliferation in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation by antigen and costimulatory antigen presenting cells, whereas the later stage involves proliferation and differentiation in response to growth factors. Using a TCR-transgenic (Tg+) model, we have examined the effect of aging on effector generation and studied the ability of γc signaling cytokines to reverse this effect. Our results indicate that responding naive CD4 cells from aged mice, compared with cells from young mice, make less interleukin (IL)-2, expand poorly between days 3 to 5, and give rise to fewer effectors with a less activated phenotype and reduced ability to produce cytokines. When exogenous IL-2 or other γc signaling cytokines are added during effector generation, the Tg+ cells from both young and aged mice proliferate vigorously. However, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 all fail to restore efficient effector production. Only effectors from aged mice generated in the presence of IL-2 are able to produce IL-2 in amounts equivalent to those produced by effectors generated from young mice, suggesting that the effect of aging on IL-2 production is reversible only in the presence of exogenous IL-2.
Neonatal Circumcision for HIV Prevention: Cost, Culture, and Behavioral Considerations
Authors: Seth C. Kalichman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Decades of epidemiological studies and three carefully controlled randomized clinical trials have definitively shown that male circumcision (MC) reduces risks for HIV transmission from women to men by as much as 55%. Male circumcision is therefore more protective against HIV transmission than even the most promising vaccines and topical microbicides.  .... MC offers one of the few available effective HIV prevention interventions. Scaling up MC in southern Africa has the potential to stem entire HIV epidemics saving countless lives. Lifetime protection against HIV and therefore reductions in population levels of HIV/AIDS can be realized when circumcision occurs prior to sexual debut. The cost-savings of neonatal MC are compelling and suggest that implementation is economically feasible in developing countries hit hardest by HIV/AIDS. Neonatal MC should therefore be considered a priority in comprehensive HIV prevention plans for southern Africa.  (excerpt)
Sexual selection, the division of labor, and the evolution of sex differences
Authors: David C. Geary
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Sexual selection traditionally involves male-male competition and female choice, but in some species, including humans, sexual selection can also involve female-female competition and male choice. The degree to which one aspect of sexual selection or another is manifest in human populations will be influenced by a host of social and ecological variables, including the operational sex ratio. These variables are discussed in connection with the relative contribution of sexual selection and the division of labor to the evolution of human sex differences.
Accelerated Oral Cholecystography Using Ipodate Supplementation
Authors: Thomas Klepetar
Journal: JAMA (1970)

We advocate the use of ipodate (Oragrafin) calcium in routine oral cholecystography. If the gallbladder fails to be visualized adequately following administration of 3 gm of iopanoic acid (Telepaque), ipodate should be administered without delay and the study repeated in five hours. This method of supplemental ipodate resulted in same-day diagnostic concentration of contrast material in 30 (41%) patients. Persistent nonvisualization following ipodate supplementation is probably equivalent to non-visualization after a two-day iopanoic acid study.
MEF2B mutations lead to deregulated expression of the oncogene BCL6 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Carol Y Ying, David Dominguez-Sola, Melissa Fabi, Ivo C Lorenz, Shafinaz Hussein, Mukesh Bansal, Andrea Califano, Laura Pasqualucci, Katia Basso, Riccardo Dalla-Favera
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)