tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the latest high-throughput molecular techniques for the exploration of microbial gut communities
Authors: Marcus J. Claesson, Paul W. O'Toole
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

The human gut microbiota has become the subject of an increasing amount of attention, due to an emerging understanding of its role in maintaining health throughout our lives. Since only a small proportion of the gut bacteria can be quantified using traditional plate culturing methods, culture-independent approaches are required for determining the structure of complex microbial communities. To avoid cloning bias and low phylotype coverage that affects amplicon cloning and sequencing strategies, high-throughput methods such as phylogenetic arrays and massively parallel sequencing are now being used to find more than just the most abundant taxa, at significantly lower costs and higher speeds. The target for these methods is the 16S ribosomal RNA gene that is present in all prokaryotes. Since the gene is too long to be sequenced using high-throughput methods, regions of high variability (from V1 - V9) are selected for amplification and either direct sequencing, or hybridization against phylogenetic microarrays. In our recent study1 we compared sequencing of amplified V4 and V6 regions using 454 FLX Pyrosequencing2 with the HITChip, an oligonucleotide microarray for taxonomic profiling of human intestinal tract communities based on concatenations of known V1 and V6 regions.3 We found good correlations between the phylogenetic classifications stemming from the two technologies, especially at lower-order ranks (phylum, class, order, and to a lesser extent, family), which indicates high robustness of both approaches. However, the V6 regions proved to be much less suitable for taxonomic classification than the V4 region, probably due to this region simply being too variable. Although this study was, to our knowledge, the deepest sequencing of single gastrointestinal samples reported to date, the microbial richness levels had still not leveled out, with up to 1,800 unique phylotypes detected in one community. Encouragingly for studies with lower sequencing coverage per sample, we also noticed that a fifth of the sequencing depth (40,000 as opposed to 200,000 reads) was sufficient for capturing a majority of microbial diversity within a sample.
Comparison of femorofemoral and femorojugular configurations during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS
Authors: Christophe Guervilly, Stephanie Dizier, Guillemette Thomas, Nicolas Jaussaud, Pierre Morera, Sami Hraiech, Fanny Klazen, Jean-Marie Forel, Melanie Adda, Antoine Roch, Frederic Collart, Laurent Papazian
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Ocular complications following blast transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Alex M. Hendrick, John S. Rogers, Robert J. Guliner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract A number of ocular problems compromising vision occurred in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia following blastic transformation. Hemorrhagic retinopathy developed with systemic relapse and resolved with control of systemic disease. Optic nerve involvement occurred with meningeal leukemia and was controlled with intrathecal cytosine arabinoside and methotrexate. Leukemic retinal infiltrates developed despite control of systemic and meningeal disease and were successfully treated with radiation therapy. Finally, bilateral vitreous hemorrhages occurred, severely impairing vision. Leukemic infiltration of the eye may occur with increasing frequency in CML as the survival following blastic transformation improves. Infiltration should be recognized and treated promptly if serious loss of vision is to be avoided. Central nervous system prophylaxis should be considered in patients achieving a complete response following therapy for transformation.
P2-096: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in blood in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: Analysis of therir prognostic value
Authors: Carlos Camps, Rafael Sirera, J Terrasa, F Barón, Bartomeu Massutí, Ana Blasco, María José Safont, Vega Iranzo, Miquel Tarón, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Abstract 3283: Developmental and metabolic deregulation in 14-3-3zeta knockout mouse
Authors: Jun Yang, Ping Li, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract 14-3-3s are a family of proteins conserved throughout eukaryotics. By binding to specific phosphorylated serine/threonine containing motifs in the target proteins, 14-3-3s modulates their molecular structure, stability, subcellular localization and/or enzymatic activity. Our lab recently found that 14-3-3ζ (zeta) is overexpressed in ∼45% breast cancers and 14-3-3ζ overexpression predicts poor patient survival. Additionally, 14-3-3ζ prevents anoikis by suppressing p53 and promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition by activating TGB-β signaling pathway, which plays important roles during tumor formation and progression. These led us to we hypothesizing that 14-3-3ζ plays important role in breast cancer. In our initial attempt to systematically study the role of 14-3-3ζ in breast cancer in vivo, we have recently generated 14-3-3ζ conventional knockout mouse by Gene Trap. We obtained the ES cell line RRR334 (which has no functional 14-3-3ζ based on the 5’ RACE data of the Baygenomics) from the Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Center. We confirmed silencing of 14-3-3ζ in the clone by RT-PCR. The integration site of the Gene Trap vector was located about 5kb downstream of exon 3 inside the intron 3 and PCR genotyping primers were designed accordingly. The ES cells were injected into C57Bl/6 albino mouse blastocysts. Chimera mice with high ES cell contributions based on their fur color were mated with C57Bl/6 albino mice to determine germ line transmission. When we mated the founder 14-3-3ζ heterozygous (+/−) male with 14-3-3ζ +/− female, only ∼ 5% of the offspring's were 14-3-3ζ homozygous (−/−) mice, indicating 14-3-3ζ −/− mice are embryonic lethal. This lethality hinders our study of the role of 14-3-3ζ in tumorigenesis and progression. To overcome this, we outbred to CD-1 mouse strain and the resulting mice are viable and fertile. Interestingly, the 14-3-3ζ knockout mice are smaller than their littermates. This growth retardation did not seem to be mediated by deregulated growth hormone level. The 14-3-3ζ null mice also had lower blood glucose level and their livers and brain had a reduced glucose uptake. Our preliminary studies indicated that HIF1-α, a well known oncogene and a master regulator of metabolism (e.g., glycolysis), is downregulated in 14-3-3ζ null mice. We are currently further characterizing the phenotypes of 14-3-3ζ knockout mouse and also studying the molecular mechanism of how loss of 14-3-3ζ leads to growth retardation and how 14-3-3ζ regulates glucose metabolism. We are also studying whether loss of 14-3-3ζ has any impact on tumor formation and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3283.
Excess winter deaths linked to temperatures in cold homes
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The lives of several thousand people in the United Kingdom each year could probably be saved by improvements in the insulation and heating of their homes, a new study by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has suggested.

Paul Wilkinson, senior lecturer in environmental epidemiology in the school's department of public health and policy, said that improving the energy efficiency of the country's housing stock has the potential to achieve “significant public health benefits, including reduction in winter …
Redesigning Training for Internal Medicine
Authors: Steven E. Weinberger, Lawrence G. Smith, Virginia U. Collier
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

The American College of Physicians supports the need for reform throughout the continuum of training in internal medicine. Today's internists must have the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to meet the challenges of an expanding body of medical knowledge and a rapidly evolving system of health care delivery. Suggested priorities for undergraduate medical education include redesigning curricular experiences to afford students earlier and more exposure to career opportunities in internal medicine, improving ambulatory education, exposing students to outstanding faculty role models in internal medicine, and incorporating educational experiences during the fourth year that optimize its value and relevance to the student's future career plans in internal medicine. Internal medicine residency training should remain a 3-year experience, with a component of core education common to all trainees and a component of customized training in the third year targeted toward the resident's career goals. Residency programs should be designed around educational rather than institutional service needs. The ambulatory component of training requires substantial reform in its structure, sites, content, and timing. Team-based models should be used both for patient care and for flexibility in design of residency training. Better faculty models must be developed that build on the concept of a "core faculty," improve the rewards for teaching faculty, and provide appropriate faculty development focusing on a necessary set of educator competencies.
Ethics: A Theory of Medical Ethics
Authors: H. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Veatch's volume now takes its place in the third generation of works on medical ethics to appear since this field was revitalized in the 1960s. The first-generation books, mostly collections of essays, called attention to the importance of ethical issues in medicine and summarized current physician thinking. The second generation, to which Veatch made notable contributions (as associate for medical ethics at the Hastings Center, before assuming his current position as professor of medical ethics at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown), produced single-author texts or carefully edited anthologies, isolating central principles and subjecting first-generation views to critical scrutiny. We are now in need of treatises like this one that look beneath and beyond case- and issue-oriented analyses to discern the theoretical underpinnings of a true<i>system</i>of medical ethics. A Theory of Medical Ethics contrasts usefully with another distinguished third-generation work, Edmund Pellegrino and David Thomasma's A Philosophical
744-4 Evidence for Downward-Shift of Coronary Pressure-Flow Relationship Following a Brief Period of Ischemia in Dogs
Authors: Toshikazu Morioka, Masafumi Kitakaze, Tetsuo Minamino, Koichi Node, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Mitsuaki Chujo, Hidezo Mori, Jun Tanouci, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: comparative sensitivity of mycobacterial culture and histopathology.
Authors: S Kumar, M S Seshadri, G Koshi, T J John
Journal: BMJ (1981)

carbohydrate impairment.Glucagon concentrations were not in- vestigated.Because of the potential diabetogenic properties of nifedipine plasma glucose concentrations should thus be monitored in patients receiving this drug.
Diagnostic implications of spectral and temporal analysis of the entire cardiac cycle in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M E Cain, H D Ambos, J Markham, B D Lindsay, R M Arthur
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Available methods for analysis of signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) have a low-positive predictive accuracy for identifying patients at risk for ventricular arrhythmias. Identification of the spectral and temporal features in ECGs that distinguish patients prone to ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a prerequisite to implementing refinements in methods that increase the diagnostic power of the signal-averaged ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS Fast Fourier transforms and time-domain reconstructions based on inverse fast Fourier transforms were computed over the entire cardiac cycle of signal-averaged ECGs of sinus beats from 40 patients with myocardial infarction and sustained VT, 41 with infarction without VT, and 20 normal controls. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization were analyzed by procedures that obviate limited resolution due to short data segments and window functions. Spectral magnitudes of ECGs from patients in each group were compared, and the phase data were used for time-domain reconstructions to determine the temporal distributions of distinguishing frequency bands during the cardiac cycle. Magnitudes of 1-7-Hz frequencies were increased (from p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.00001), and magnitudes of 13-56-Hz and 70-128-Hz frequencies were decreased (from p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.00001) in the spectra of ECGs from patients with VT compared with patients without VT. Time-domain reconstructions demonstrated that 1-7-Hz frequencies were detectable throughout the QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave in ECGs from each group. The 13-56-Hz and 70-128-Hz frequency bands not only contributed to the terminal QRS and ST segment but were also detectable throughout the QRS complex of ECGs from patients with VT. CONCLUSIONS Results define new spectral and temporal features in signal-averaged ECGs from patients with VT that are excluded from analysis by available techniques that limit the bandwidth or restrict interrogation to portions of the cardiac cycle. These findings provide an objective basis for developing new indexes for signal-averaged ECG analysis.
Use of endovascular stents in congenital heart disease.
Authors: M P O'Laughlin, S B Perry, J E Lock, C E Mullins
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Balloon expandable intravascular stents have been used to support vessel walls in coronary and peripheral arteries in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of these stents in the treatment of congenital heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-five stents were placed in 30 patients, who were 0.2-30.2 years old (weight, 3.5-76 kg). Patients with areas of stenosis that were difficult to approach surgically were chosen. Stents were mounted over balloons and placed by standard catheterization techniques. Twenty-three patients had branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Thirty-six stents were placed successfully and had reduced pressure gradients from 50.6 +/- 24 to 15.9 +/- 13.4 mm Hg. Five patients had stents placed after atrial surgery: three in obstructed Fontan repairs, one at the superior vena cava-right atrial junction after sinus venous defect repair, and one at the site of a Glenn shunt. Atrial stents reduced pressure gradients from 9.8 +/- 8.2 to 2.0 +/- 2.6 mm Hg. One patient had a stent placed in the descending aorta after coarctation dilation, and the pressure gradient was reduced from 50 to 25 mm Hg. One patient had pulmonary vein dilation with stent placement. Two stents migrated at the time of placement; one required surgical removal, and one was anchored in place by balloon dilation. One patient died within 24 hours of catheterization because of thrombus obstruction of the Fontan repair. Nine patients have undergone recatheterization. All stented vessels have remained at the same caliber as at original stent placement. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that balloon expandable stents are useful in selected postoperative stenoses in congenital heart disease.
Partially disturbed lamellar granule secretion in mild congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with <i>ALOX12B</i> mutations
Authors: M. Akiyama, K. Sakai, T. Yanagi, N. Tabata, M. Yamada, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) (OMIM 242100) is a major type of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) showing generalized scaling and erythroderma without blister formation. Mutations in ALOX12B (OMIM 603741), encoding 12R-lipoxygenase (LOX), were identified in patients with CIE in 2002. To date, several ALOX12B mutations have been reported in CIE families. LOXs are a family of nonhaem, iron-containing dioxygenases which catalyse dioxygenation of fatty acids with one or more (Z,Z)-1,4-pentadiene moieties. Three members of the human LOX family, 15-LOX-2, 12R-LOX and eLOX-3, are preferentially expressed in the skin. The 12R-LOX pathway leads to hepoxilin B3 and trioxilin B3 resulting in 20-carboxy-trioxilin A3, which is thought to be a key biological regulator in the skin. 12R-LOX deficiency results in a CIE phenotype in humans and in mice. We report that a Japanese patient with CIE, harbouring one previously unreported ALOX12B mutation p.Arg442Gln and another known mutation p.Arg432X, showed partially disturbed secretion of lamellar granule (LG) contents in the epidermis.
Pulmonary Hypertension in the CREST Syndrome Variant of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Authors: ROSEMARIE SALERNI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Severe pulmonary hypertension without pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 10 patients with the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia), reputedly a benign variant of progressive systemic sclerosis. Time from the initial symptom, Raynaud's phenomenon, to the recognition of pulmonary hypertension was as long as 40 years. Pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance was shown in all patients. Autopsy examination in three of six deaths attributable to pulmonary hypertension showed intimal proliferation with myxomatous change in the small- and medium-sized pulmonary arteries similar to changes in the digital arteries of patients with scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon, and interlobular renal arteries of those with "scleroderma kidney." It is concluded that the CREST syndrome is not entirely benign but may be complicated, after a long clinical course, by progressive pulmonary vascular obliteration, pulmonary hypertension, and death in the absence of significant pulmonary fibrosis.
Decreased plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide as a potential indicator of cardiac recovery in patients supported by mechanical circulatory assist systems
Authors: Ralf Sodian, Matthias Loebe, Christoph Schmitt, Evgenij V. Potapov, Henryk Siniawski, Johannes Müller, Harald Hausmann, Heinz R. Zurbruegg, Yuguo Weng, Roland Hetzer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SKIN DISEASES WITH THE ARMY IN INDIA
Authors: ALLAN BIGHAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article SOME OBSERVATIONS ON SKIN DISEASES WITH THE ARMY IN INDIA Get access ALLAN BIGHAM, R.A.M.C. Major ALLAN BIGHAM, R.A.M.C. Major Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 9-10, 1 September 1944, Pages 199–202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10865.x Published: 01 September 1944
Cucumber Allergy (CA) and Latex IgE Sensitization
Authors: C. Vlaicu, B. de la Hoz Caballer, C. Rusu, A. Ledesma, J. Gonzalez Cervera, J. Sola, M. Zamorano, D. Antolin Amerigo, M. Diez Gomez, M. Sánchez Cano, E. Alvarez-Cuesta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Timing of Tracheostomy
Authors: Chien-Ming Chao, Chih-Cheng Lai
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Development of a Cost‐Effective and Simple Protocol for Decellularization and Preservation of Human Amniotic Membrane as a Soft Tissue Replacement and Delivery System for Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi, Masoud Mozafari, Mohammad Salehi, Amelia Seifalian, Mojgan Bandehpour, Hossein Ghanbarian, Aleksandra M. Urbanska, Marzieh Sameni, Ali Samadikuchaksaraei, Alexander M. Seifalian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

The aim of this study is to develop a simple andcost‐effective method for decellularization and preservation of human amniotic membrane (HAM) as a soft tissue replacement and a delivery system for stem cells. The HAM is decellularized (D) using new chemical and mechanical techniques. The decellularization scaffold is evaluated histologically and fully characterized. The cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold are also investigated and the biocompatibility of D tissues is evaluated in vivo. The histological studies reveal that the cells are successfully removed from the D tissue. The DNA extraction shows more than 95% cell removal ( p = 0.001). The in vitro results indicate that the decellularisation process does not deteriorate the mechanical properties of the tissue, whereas it increases the in vitro biodegradation value ( p &lt; 0.05). In the D samples, there is no significant cytotoxicity, and no changes are found in the rate of cell proliferation ( p &gt; 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining indicates that all the tested components remain unchanged within the D tissues. The count of inflammatory cells show that the decellularization process slightly increases the biocompatibility of the tissue after 7 days post‐surgery. The results indicate that scaffold proves to be reproducible, rapid, and cost‐effective, with a potential role for clinical application.
Asthma medications and disease exacerbations: an epidemiological study as a method for asthma surveillance
Authors: E Van Ganse, PD van der Linden, HG Leufkens, RM Herings, W Vincken, P Ernst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Recent experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested that outcomes of asthma are significantly influenced by treatment patterns. This study was conducted in order to investigate the links between treatment patterns in asthmatics and occurrence of disease exacerbations. We performed a nested case-control study in a cohort of 680 asthmatics identified between 1986 and 1991 in a drug dispensing database. After validation in a pilot study, the intermittent use of oral corticosteroids was used as a proxy for asthma exacerbations. Cases with an exacerbation (n=133) were pair-wise matched with controls. The type of medications used for the usual treatment of asthma were examined in relation to the risk of asthma exacerbation. The use of oral xanthines and inhaled fenoterol but not of inhaled salbutamol, corticosteroids, cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide was associated with an increased probability of asthma exacerbation. Within the cohort, the proportion of subjects dispensed inhaled corticosteroids rose from 12 to 27% between 1986 and 1991. The proportion of subjects using inhaled bronchodilators without inhaled corticosteroids also decreased over this period of time. The identification of markers of asthma exacerbations made it possible to link the probability of adverse outcome risk for such exacerbations with treatment patterns. This method could be useful in further development of asthma surveillance using drug dispensing databases.