tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S38 The role of the respiratory microbiome in Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: PL Molyneaux, MJ Cox, P Mallia, SL Johnston, MF Moffatt, WOC Cookson, TM Maher
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction &amp; Objectives</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and invariably fatal disease thought to result from repeated episodes of alveolar injury in individuals with dysfunctional alveolar epithelial repair mechanisms. Although multiple environmental exposures have been suggested, there has been no systematic search for potential bacterial sources of alveolar injury. This study aimed to use culture independent techniques to characterise and confirm the presence of a respiratory microbiome in IPF. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty five newly diagnosed patients with IPF and twenty seven healthy controls were prospectively recruited and underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Bacterial DNA was extracted and a variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA) amplified, allowing quantification of bacterial load by 16S rRNA qPCR and pyrosequencing on the Roche 454 platform. Data curation, denoising, chimaera removal and analysis were executed using QIIME (http://qiime.org/). <h3>Results</h3> The IPF subjects had a mean age of 67 years and on average moderately severe disease (DLco 42 ± 11% predicted; FVC 77 ± 20% predicted). IPF subjects had a significantly higher bacterial load in BAL compared to controls (<i>P</i> = 0.0063). The IPF microbiota was less diverse (<i>P = </i>0.0019) and less rich (<i>P = </i>0.015) compared to controls. While the microbiota of both IPF and healthy subjects were dominated by the phylum Firmicutes (51% and 53% respectively), the IPF microbiota contained significantly more Proteobacterial (<i>P</i> = 0.003) sequences and fewer Actinobacteria (<i>P</i> = 0.004). Within the IPF cohort there was also inter-individual heterogeneity with one subject’s bacterial community dominated by a <i>Burkholderia</i> sp. (49% of total 16S sequences) and another with an abundance of a <i>Moraxella</i> sp. (21%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We present the molecular characterisation of the airway microbiota in IPF, providing evidence that the lower airways in this disease are not sterile and identifying potentially pathogenic respiratory organisms previously not associated with the disease. The higher bacterial burden and differences in the composition of the respiratory bacterial communities in IPF may provide a low level antigenic stimulus for repetitive alveolar injury and thus be involved in the pathogenesis and/or progression of the disease.
Regional Anthropometric Measures and Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ayako Suzuki, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Aynur Unalp–Arida, Katherine Yates, Arun Sanyal, Cynthia Guy, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Two-dimensional echocardiographic and color flow Doppler evaluation of ductal occlusion with the Rashkind prosthesis.
Authors: N N Musewe, L N Benson, J F Smallhorn, R M Freedom
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To evaluate the results of ductal occlusion with the Rashkind prosthesis, 78 children (group 1, 19 boys and 59 girls; mean age at occlusion, 4.5 +/- 4.0 years) with isolated patent ductus arteriosus (n = 73) or in association with other lesions (n = 5) were evaluated by pulsed and color flow Doppler 9 +/- 7 months (range, 2-26 months) after occlusion. Thirty children who had undergone patent ductus arteriosus ligation (group 2, 9 boys and 21 girls; mean age at study, 5.7 +/- 4.9 years; mean follow-up after ligation, 44 +/- 58 months) were evaluated in the same way. The prevalence of residual ductal shunting and the main pulmonary arterial flow patterns were recorded. Residual ductal shunting in group 1 was 38% on day 1, decreasing slowly to 31% at 3 months, 27% at 6 months, and 19.7% at 1 year or more due to further spontaneous shunt resolution. The residual shunting rate in group 2 (6%) was significantly lower than that at 1 year or more in group 1 (p less than 0.001). Successful reocclusion in 5 of 6 in a subset of patients in group 1 followed for 1 year or less reduced further the prevalence of residual shunting. Residual shunting after patent ductus arteriosus occlusion is more common than after ligation, but continues to decrease during follow-up.
Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of the Ethanol Induced Fatty Liver.
Authors: Robert Scheig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of the Ethanol Induced Fatty Liver.Robert Scheig, M.D., Kurt J. Isselbacher, M.D.Robert Scheig, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kurt J. Isselbacher, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-721_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEthanol administration leads to an accumulation of triglyceride in the liver. The additional fatty acid incorporated in this triglyceride could be derived from the peripheral depots by increased mobilization, or from the liver itself as a consequence of increased synthesis or decreased oxidation. We have found that the in vivo and in vitro effects of ethanol on fatty acid metabolism differ. Thus, while the in vitro effects of ethanol are increased synthesis and decreased oxidation of fatty acids in the liver, its in vivo effects are enhanced mobilization of fatty acids from peripheral depots and increased incorporation of circulating free... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByKlinisch inapperente Alkoholschädigung der menschlichen HerzmuskelzelleAlcoholic cardiomyopathy a histochemical study 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 721-722KeywordsEthanolFatty acidsFatty liverLiverPathogenesis Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Not one but four possible oral vaccines for cholera under study
Authors: J. Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hodgkin lymphoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Liane Simons, Manjuvani Neerudu, Maxine Lissack, Chris McNamara
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

A 72-year-old Cypriot man presented with collapse and confusion. He had commenced chemotherapy for stage IVB Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) 6 months previously with good clinical response, but was noted to be poorly compliant with supportive medication, including anti-infective therapy. Computerized tomography scanning showed no evidence of residual lymphadenopathy or occult malignancy, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated multiple ring-enhancing lesions (left). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed raised protein levels, no bacterial growth or abnormal cells on cytospin, but Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected at 6,122 copies/ml. The patient was commenced on Dexamethasone, Co-trimoxazole, and Caspofungin and, following a positive result for Toxoplasma serology, empirical anti-protozoal therapy was added. Despite anti-infective therapy, the patient continued to deteriorate clinically, and a stereotactic biopsy of one of the brain lesions was performed. This demonstrated an inflammatory cell infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and occasional plasma cells. Admixed were many large atypical cells aggregated around the blood vessels containing pleomorphic nuclei and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli (middle). These cells stained positive for CD30 (right), CD15, and EBV-encoded RNA in situ. No microorganisms or viral inclusions were seen on immunostaining. A diagnosis of intracerebral HL was made; unfortunately the patient died before further treatment could be implemented. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by HL is rare, with a reported incidence of less than 0.02% [1]. In most cases, it occurs in the setting of relapsed systemic disease, but has been known to present in isolation or with systemic disease remission. The role of EBV infection in the disease pathogenesis of systemic and CNS HL requires further characterization. Intracerebral involvement should always be considered as a cause of unexplained confusion or neurological abnormality in patients with HL. Image 1 (top) MRI image; Image 2 (middle) Brain biopsy - H&E stain; Image 3 (bottom) Brain biopsy - CD30 stain. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]
Prognostic evaluation of neurohumoral plasma levels before and during beta-blocker therapy in advanced left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Brigitte Stanek, Bernhard Frey, Martin Hülsmann, Rudolf Berger, Barbara Sturm, Jeanette Strametz-Juranek, Jutta Bergler-Klein, Petra Moser, Anja Bojic, Engelber Hartter, Richard Pacher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Pulmonary Blood Flow and Venous Return During Spontaneous Respiration
Authors: GERHARD A. BRECHER, CHARLES A. HUBAY
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

During normal spontaneous inspiration pulmonary blood flow increases in spite of an increase in resistance to flow in the pulmonary bed. The enhancement of pulmonary flow is caused by an augmentation of venous return due to thoracic aspiration. The right heart acts as a moderator for the pulmonary flow by temporarily storing part of the large influx of venous blood during inspiration and ejecting the stored part during expiration and the expiratory pause.
Renin and Angiotensin II Studies in Malignant Hypertension After X-Irradiation for Seminoma
Authors: DANIEL K. BLOOMFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A case of malignant hypertension after X-irradiation of an abdominal malignancy is presented. Renal and serum renin levels were elevated consistent with the renal origin of this type of hypertension. The patient showed diminished responsiveness to angiotensin II. Despite the presence of azotemia and evidence of bilateral disease, unilateral nephrectomy of the nonfunctioning right kidney led to reversal of the hypertensive process and a fall in serum renin levels to normal.
A Loss-of-Function Mutation in NaPi-IIa and Renal Fanconi's Syndrome
Authors: Daniella Magen, Liron Berger, Michael J. Coady, Anat Ilivitzki, Daniela Militianu, Martin Tieder, Sara Selig, Jean Yves Lapointe, Israel Zelikovic, Karl Skorecki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

We describe two siblings from a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive Fanconi's syndrome and hypophosphatemic rickets. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous in-frame duplication of 21 bp in SLC34A1, which encodes the renal sodium-inorganic phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa, as the causative mutation. Functional studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in opossum kidney cells indicated complete loss of function of the mutant NaPi-IIa, resulting from failure of the transporter to reach the plasma membrane. These findings show that disruption of the human NaPi-IIa profoundly impairs overall renal phosphate reabsorption and proximal-tubule function and provide evidence of the critical role of NaPi-IIa in human renal phosphate handling.
Acetate and Bicarbonate in the Correction of Uraemic Acidosis
Authors: H. E. Eliahou, P. H. Feng, U. Weinberg, A. Iaina, E. Reisin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Uraemic acidosis was readily corrected by the infusion of sodium acetate solution, which gave comparable results to equivalent amounts of sodium bicarbonate infusion. Preliminary data suggest that this was true even in severe liver disease.
Molecular and functional analysis of SDCT2, a novel rat sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter
Authors: Xiangmei Chen, Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi, Xing-Zhen Chen, Urs V. Berger, Matthias A. Hediger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Kidney proximal tubule cells take up Krebs cycle intermediates for metabolic purposes and for secretion of organic anions through dicarboxylate/organic anion exchange. Alteration in reabsorption of citrate is closely related to renal stone formation. The presence of distinct types of sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporters has been postulated on either side of the polarized epithelial membrane in the kidney proximal tubule. Using a PCR-based approach, we isolated a novel member of the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate/sulfate transporter called SDCT2. SDCT2 is a 600–amino acid residue protein that has 47–48% amino acid identity to SDCT1 and NaDC-1, previously identified in kidney and intestine. Northern analysis gave a single band of 3.3 kb for SDCT2 in kidney, liver, and brain. In situ hybridization revealed that SDCT2 is prominently expressed in kidney proximal tubule S3 segments and in perivenous hepatocytes, consistent with the sites of high-affinity dicarboxylate transport identified based on vesicle studies. A signal was also detected in the meningeal layers of the brain. SDCT2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes mediated sodium-dependent transport of di- and tricarboxylates with substrate preference for succinate rather than citrate, but excluding monocarboxylates. SDCT2, unlike SDCT1, displayed a unique pH dependence for succinate transport (optimal pH 7.5–8.5) and showed a high affinity for dimethylsuccinate, two features characteristic of basolateral transport. These data help to interpret the mechanisms of renal citrate transport, their alteration in pathophysiological conditions, and their role in the elimination of organic anions and therapeutic drugs.
Rising emergency admissions disrupt NHS
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Emergency admissions to NHS hospitals have been rising by between 7% and 13% on average during 1993-4, according to the National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts. The association, which will be raising the matter with the health secretary, says: “This is disrupting the contractual system, distorting priorities by causing a shift in resources to pay for the increase, and making it difficult for both purchasers and NHS trusts to plan for the future with …
Increased burden of inflammation over time is associated with the extent of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Lihi Eder, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Richard Cook, Dafna D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Aim</h3> To investigate whether a higher burden of inflammation is associated with more severe atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients from a large PsA cohort were analysed. The cumulative effect of inflammation was measured by a time-adjusted arithmetic mean of all measurements from the first visit to the clinic. The following variables were considered as predictors: Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index (PASI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC) count, tender and swollen joint counts, C-reactive protein, Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and Disease Activity for PsA (DAPSA). Vascular ultrasound of the carotid arteries was performed, and total plaque area was measured. This measure represented the extent of atherosclerosis and was considered the outcome of interest. The association between inflammation over time and atherosclerosis was assessed by regression models adjusted for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 235 patients with PsA were analysed. Patients with more severe atherosclerosis were older (p&lt;0.001), more likely to be obese (p=0.01), smokers (p=0.008) and have hypertension (p=0.001), diabetes (p&lt;0.0001) and dyslipidaemia (p&lt;0.0001). In a multivariate regression model adjusted for age and sex, higher ESR (p=0.009), WBC count (p=0.015) and DAPSA (p=0.04) were associated with more severe atherosclerosis. These associations were not significant after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. No association was found between disease duration and atherosclerosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Exposure to an increased burden of inflammation is associated with more severe atherosclerosis in patients with PsA. This association may be mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Effect of Cost Sharing on Screening Mammography in Medicare Health Plans
Authors: Amal N. Trivedi, William Rakowski, John Z. Ayanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Policies that increase patients' share of health care expenses decrease the use of discretionary health services but also may reduce the use of important preventive care such as mammography.We reviewed coverage for mammography within 174 Medicare managed-care plans from 2001 through 2004. Among 550,082 individual-level observations for 366,475 women between the ages of 65 and 69 years, we compared rates of biennial breast-cancer screening in plans requiring cost sharing for mammography with screening rates in plans with full coverage. We also performed a longitudinal analysis of screening rates in plans that changed from full coverage to cost sharing for mammography as compared with rates in matched control plans that did not institute cost sharing.The number of plans with cost sharing for mammography, which we defined as requiring a copayment of more than $10 or coinsurance of more than 10% for screening mammography, increased from 3 in 2001 (representing 0.5% of women) to 21 in 2004 (11.4% of women). Biennial screening rates were 8.3 percentage points lower in cost-sharing plans than in plans with full coverage, a difference that persisted in adjusted analyses (P<0.001). The effect of cost sharing was magnified among women residing in areas of lower income or educational levels (P<0.001 for each interaction). Screening rates decreased by 5.5 percentage points in plans that instituted cost sharing and increased by 3.4 percentage points in matched control plans that retained full coverage (P<0.001 for the adjusted analysis).Relatively small copayments were associated with significantly lower mammography rates among women who should undergo screening mammography according to accepted clinical guidelines. For effective preventive services such as mammography, exempting elderly adults from cost sharing may be warranted.
IMPACT OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITHIN 6 MONTHS PRIOR TO TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: A MULTICENTER CENTER STUDY WITH CENTRAL ANGIOGRAPHIC CORE LABORATORY ANALYSIS
Authors: Jean-Michel Paradis, Marina Urena, Mathew Williams, Philippe Genereux, Laura Lasalle, Ke Xu, Tamim Nazif, Rebecca Hahn, Isaac George, Omar Khalique, Kishore Harjai, Darshan Doshi, Robert DeLarochellière, Eric Dumont, Daniel Doyle, Martin Leon, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Susheel Kodali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Localized scleroderma-like lesions on the legs in bone marrow transplant recipients: association with polyneuropathy in the same distribution
Authors: S. ARACTINGI, G. SOCIE, A. DEVERGIE, L. DUBERTRET, E. GLUCKMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Localized scleroderma‐like lesions on the legs in bone marrow transplant recipients: association with polyneuropathy in the same distribution Get access S. ARACTINGI, S. ARACTINGI Clinique des Maladies Cutanées, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. SOCIE, G. SOCIE Service de Greffe de Moëlle, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. DEVERGIE, A. DEVERGIE Service de Greffe de Moëlle, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. DUBERTRET, L. DUBERTRET Clinique des Maladies Cutanées, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. GLUCKMAN E. GLUCKMAN Service de Greffe de Moëlle, Hôpital Saint‐Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 2, 1 August 1993, Pages 201–203, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03530.x Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Accepted: 11 November 1992 Published: 01 August 1993
Teaching High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care to Residents: The Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine–American College of Physicians Curriculum
Authors: Cynthia D. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Health care expenditures are projected to reach nearly 20% of the U.S. gross domestic product by 2020. Up to $765 billion of this spending has been identified as potentially avoidable; many of the avoidable costs have been attributed to unnecessary services. Postgraduate trainees have historically received little specific training in the stewardship of health care resources and minimal feedback on resource utilization and its effect on the cost of care. This article describes a new curriculum that was developed collaboratively by the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine and the American College of Physicians to address this training gap. The curriculum introduces a simple, stepwise framework for delivering high-value care and focuses on teaching trainees to incorporate high-value, cost-conscious care principles into their clinical practice. It consists of ten 1-hour, case-based, interactive sessions designed to be flexibly incorporated into the existing conference structure of a residency training program.
Accident Neurosis — Pilgrimage to Canterbury
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

STATE medicine and public health were the terms of reference laid down for the Milroy lectures when the lectureship was founded at the Royal College of Physicians toward the end of the last century. In delivering this year's lectures, Dr. Henry Miller chose for his subject the problem of accident neurosis. In view of the fact that the contagious diseases have been virtually replaced by accidental trauma as the major scourge of civilization, Dr. Miller was sure that Dr. Gavin Milroy would have been in no way discontented by his choice of subject.From a large personal series of cases . . .