tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Hydroxylation and Conjugation of Bile Salts on Their Membrane-Damaging Properties-Studies on Isolated Hepatocytes and Lipid Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Jürgen SchÖLmerich, Maria-Sybille Becher, Karlheinz Schmidt, Rolf Schubert, Bernd Kremer, Susanne Feldhaus, Wolfgang Gerok
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

To characterize the relative toxicity of different bile salts, isolated hepatocytes were incubated with different concentrations of one bile salt or with identical concentrations of different bile salts and their conjugates. Incubation lasted for 1 hr; samples were taken at intervals and studied for enzyme release, urea synthesis and stimulation by glucagon, and by electron microscopy. While the trihydroxylated bile salt, taurocholate, did not produce alterations at concentrations up to 1,500 microM, the dihydroxylated salts, chenodeoxy- and deoxycholate, caused enzyme release and membrane lysis, and inhibited urea synthesis at concentrations above 500 microM. In contrast, ursodeoxycholate was ineffective at concentrations up to 1,500 microM. Conjugation of these bile salts did not result in significant differences with the exception of deoxycholate conjugates which induced enzyme leakage more rapidly. Studies of lipid membrane vesicles revealed corresponding alterations. The monohydroxylated salt, taurolithocholate, caused cellular damage as indicated by enzyme loss and impairment of hormonal sensitivity of cells at low concentrations (30 to 100 microM). Dihydroxylated salts produced a different time course of membrane leakage, ultrastructural changes and release of volume marker and lipid in liposomes, suggesting a possible different mechanism of damage induced by this bile salt. Both systems can readily be used to study bile salt membrane interactions.
Pulmonary function defects in nonsmoking vinyl chloride workers.
Authors: A Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves to determine whether exposure to an occupational environment contaminated with vinyl chloride (VC) fumes and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) dust is associated with an increased risk of respiratory impairment. Data were analyzed for smoking, duration of exposure, and age. The high prevalence of impaired flow (57.5%) could not be attributed to smoking. Prevalence in nonsmokers was 36.4% when exposure was less than 10 yr, 42% when exposure was between 10 and 20 yr, and 80% when exposure exceeded 20 yr. The last is virtually the same rate as for smokers exposed more than 20 years. The same trend is shown with increasing age. Unlike younger workers, when smokers and nonsmokers more than or equal to 40 years of age are compared, prevalence rates of air flow impairment are not statistically different. The present investigation is one of the few in which the effects of occupational exposure could be separated from and were found to predominate over the effects of smoking.
<i>Annals</i>: A Gathering Place for Internal Medicine
Authors: Christine Laine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Editorials6 October 2009Annals: A Gathering Place for Internal MedicineChristine Laine, MD, MPH, EditorChristine Laine, MD, MPH, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Although I officially became the 10th editor of Annals on 13 July 2009, this issue represents the first that my extraordinarily talented colleagues and I put together with me at the helm. Apropos of this occasion, I share with you my vision for the journal's future.Over a decade ago when I first entered medical journalism, soothsayers were predicting the imminent demise of print journals. While print is not dead yet, I need not look any further than my children for stark evidence of seismic shifts in the ways that people interact with others and educate, inform, and entertain themselves. ...References1. Jain SH. Practicing medicine in the age of Facebook. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:649-51. [PMID: 19675328] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Conway PH, Clancy C. Comparative-effectiveness research—implications of the Federal Coordinating Council's report. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:328-30. [PMID: 19567829] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Huth EJ, Case K. Annals of Internal Medicine at age 75: reflections on the past 25 years. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:34-45. [PMID: 12093243] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Mulrow CD. The medical review article: state of the science. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:485-8. [PMID: 3813259] LinkGoogle Scholar5. Smith R. The Trouble with Medical Journals. London: Royal Society of Medicine Pr; 2006:33-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, EditorDisclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, American College of Physicians, 190 North Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 October 2009Volume 151, Issue 7Page: 509-510KeywordsBehaviorBirthChildrenComparative effectiveness researchComputersConflicts of interestForecastingHealth careSystematic reviewsVision ePublished: 6 October 2009 Issue Published: 6 October 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Radioiodine Uptake by Metastatic Nonthyroidal Adenocarcinoma of the Lung in a Patient With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Min-Woo Kim, Seok Tae Lim, Na-Ri Lee, Eun-Kee Song, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 49-year-old woman with a history of a hysterectomy for carcinoma of the cervix and papillary thyroid carcinoma showed multiple pulmonary metastases on chest radiography. An I-131 scan revealed multiple areas of increased uptake in the chest. These lesions were found to be metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma. The radioiodine uptake by the metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma of the lungs occurred in the presence of normal thyroid imaging in a patient with a thyroid nodule and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Adrenomedullin in mast cells of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: T TSURUDA, J KATO, K HATAKEYAMA, A YAMASHITA, K NAKAMURA, T IMAMURA, K KITAMURA, T ONITSUKA, Y ASADA, T ETO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Produced by vascular walls, adrenomedullin (AM) exerts antifibrotic actions in the process of cardiovascular remodeling. The purpose of this study was to examine the pathophysiological role of AM in the development of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that vascular smooth muscle cells in the media were positive for AM in the early stage of atherosclerotic aorta. Intense immunoreactivity was observed in mast cells of the outer media and adventitia of AAA, and the number of mast cells was greater (p < 0.01) in AAA than in atherosclerotic aorta without any aneurysmal change. To determine the role of AM in mast cells, we examined cultured human mast cell leukemia line-1 (HMC-1) and fibroblasts isolated from AAA patients. Cultured HMC-1 cells were found to express preproAM gene and release AM peptide into the cultured media. When assessed by collagenase-sensitive [3H]proline incorporation and procollagen type I C-peptide secretion, collagen synthesis in co-culture of HMC-1 and the fibroblasts was reduced by 10(-6) mol/L synthetic AM, while conversely, it increased following blockade of the action of endogenous AM with 10 microg/mL anti-AM monoclonal antibody.The present study suggests an anti-fibrotic role for AM released from mast cells, providing new insight into the biological actions of mast cell-derived AM in the development of AAA.
myc family oncogene amplification in tumor cell lines established from small cell lung cancer patients and its relationship to clinical status and course.
Authors: B E Johnson, D C Ihde, R W Makuch, A F Gazdar, D N Carney, H Oie, E Russell, M M Nau, J D Minna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

44 small cell lung cancer cell lines established from 227 patients were studied for myc family DNA amplification (c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc). Two of 19 lines (11%) established from untreated patients' tumors had DNA amplification (one N-myc and one L-myc), compared with 11 of 25 (5 c-myc, 3 N-myc, and 3 L-myc) cell lines (44%) established from relapsed patients' tumors (P = 0.04). The 19 patients who had tumor cell lines established before chemotherapy treatment survived a median of 14 wk compared with 48 wk for the 123 extensive stage patients who did not have cell lines established (P less than 0.001). Relapsed patients whose cell lines had c-myc DNA amplification survived a shorter period (median of 33 wk) than patients whose cell lines did not have c-myc amplification (median of 53 wk; P = 0.04). We conclude that myc family DNA amplification is more common in tumor cell lines established from treated than untreated patients' tumors, and c-myc amplification in treated patients' tumor cell lines is associated with shortened survival.
Linear Calcification of the Ascending Aorta Without Syphilis
Authors: Jay A. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several textbooks state that linear calcification of the ascending aorta is characteristic if not diagnostic of syphilis. While this "calcium sign" has been said to occur occasionally in patients with arteriosclerosis of the ascending aorta,<sup>1,2</sup>exclusion of syphilis by pathological examination of the aorta or by routine serological studies may be difficult and the occurrence of this sign without lues has never been rigidly documented. The following report is of interest because the<i>Treponema pallidum</i>immobilization test and the fluorescent treponemal antibody test were negative. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 73-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion and dizzy spells. She had been receiving digitalis and diuretics since 1962, and in 1965 her heart beat became irregular. On physical examination, the pulse rate was 80 beats per minute. The blood pressure was 180/90 mm Hg in the right arm and unobtainable in the left. A nodular
Chromosome Mosaicism in Stein-Leventhal Syndrome
Authors: N. P. Bishun, W. R. M. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MBICALJOURNAL ment in cases of poisoning is often needlessly delayed or handicapped when the container, as is usual, is merely labelled " the tablets."Many progressive hospitals and practitioners are now asking for drug containers to be labelled with the name of the drug unless otherwise specified by the prescriber.Among many other advantages this helps in the quick identification of poisons in cases of accidental poisoning.
Neutropenia in primary care
Authors: D. Hay, M. Hill, T. Littlewood
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Learning points

A mild neutropenia of 1.2×109/L is detected in a 69 year old man who presents with a short history of fatigue. He takes no regular drugs. The rest of his blood count is normal, as is his physical examination.

Neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1.5×109/L. It is important for two reasons. Firstly, it may indicate an underlying systemic or haematological disease. Secondly, it reflects an increased risk of life threatening bacterial infection—risk increases once the count is less than 1.0×109/L and becomes even greater in severe neutropenia (box).1 2 

#### Severity of neutropenia

The General Practice Research Database suggests that 1:100 000 patients per year receive an ICD (International Classification of Diseases) code for neutropenia or agranulocytosis.3 Although data are limited, we can assume that many more have transient or mild neutropenia. The more severe the neutropenia, the more likely it is that further investigation will be initiated, although no strict guidelines exist for this. Table 1⇓ highlights important causes of isolated neutropenia. 

View this table:

Table 1 
 Important causes of acquired neutropenia …
Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infants.
Authors: S M Evans, J C Cooper, S Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infantsEDITOR,-The possibility that late clamping of the umbilical cord may lead to a reduction in respiratory distress syndrome is not a particularly new finding, but S Kinmond and colleagues offer a more scientific approach in evaluating this phenomenon.'However, they give little information about the obstetric features of their cases, which might be quite important since matching is essential with such small numbersfor example, were the babies predominantly born during preterm labour or were they delivered electively for some obstetric complication?Also not clear is whether any of the mothers received steroids to accelerate fetal maturity before delivery.Although these matters may not be particularly important as far as the haematological features are concerned, they certainly are with respect to ventilation.I believe that more information on them would be helpful in the interpretation of the paper.
Translocated EspF protein from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli disrupts host intestinal barrier function
Authors: Barry P. McNamara, Athanasia Koutsouris, Colin B. O’Connell, Jean-Philippe Nougayréde, Michael S. Donnenberg, Gail Hecht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The mechanisms by which enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), an important cause of diarrhea among infants in developing countries, induce symptoms are not defined. EPEC have a type III secretion system required for characteristic attaching and effacing changes that modify the cytoskeleton and apical surface of host cells. Infection of polarized intestinal epithelial cell monolayers by EPEC leads to a loss of transepithelial electrical resistance, which also requires the type III secretion system. We demonstrate here that EspF, a protein that is secreted by EPEC via the type III secretion system, is not required for quantitatively and qualitatively typical attaching and effacing lesion formation in intestinal epithelial cells. However, EspF is required in a dose-dependent fashion for the loss of transepithelial electrical resistance, for increased monolayer permeability, and for redistribution of the tight junction–associated protein occludin. Furthermore, the analysis of EPEC strains expressing EspF-adenylate cyclase fusion proteins indicates that EspF is translocated via the type III secretion system to the cytoplasm of host cells, a result confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. These studies suggest a novel role for EspF as an effector protein that disrupts intestinal barrier function without involvement in attaching and effacing lesion formation.
Effect of variations in training load on mechanical efficiency in athletes
Authors: M V L Surya Kumari, Y Venkata Ramana
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

This study was carried out to describe the changes in mechanical efficiency with incremental training load in long distance runners. To achieve this, 10 healthy male national level long distance runners aged 18–22 years were covered during their transition (TP), pre-competitive (PP) and competitive (CP) phases of training. They were subjected to anthropometry and body composition (skin fold method) using standard methods. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) and at different loads of graded exercise test were measured by open circuit indirect calorimetry. Bruce protocol was adopted to assess VO 2 max mechanical efficiency and maximal work performance (WRmax) of the athletes. The quantification of training was done by time allocation pattern combined with heart rate monitoring method and oxygen consumption levels. The results of the study show that an increase in training intensity by 1.5-fold and duration by 2-fold manifested the changes in lean body mass (4.6%), BMR (15.5%), VO 2 max. (18%), maximal work performance (37%) and mechanical efficiency (4%) from TP to CP. Thus, this study suggests that mechanical efficiency reflecting the efficiency in muscular activity can be achieved by metabolic and physiologic adaptations resulting from enhanced training load. In athletes this would help them achieve better endurance performances. Such data would help the coaches to understand the training adaptability of the athletes and current muscular efficiency level that enables to modify the training schedule to achieve optimal sports performance.
PATHOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY OF ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: H. E. ROBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>I. PATHOLOGY</h3> A review of the literature shows records of about 100 autopsies on cases of poliomyelitis, nearly one-half of which were performed years after the acute attack. Our studies include material from six autopsies performed on cases occurring in the Minnesota epidemic of 1909. In the article the cases are reported in detail. The process as a whole follows a definite and specific course. Whatever may be finally shown to be the agent of infection, its "optimus locus" is in the perivascular lymph channels of the anterior portions of the cord, especially those located in the gray matter. From this site the reaction spreads on the one hand to the surrounding tissue spaces of the gray matter and on the other to the lymph channels of the white matter and pia, often involving the posterior portions of the cord. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> 1. Acute anterior poliomyelitis is a specific infectious disease
Hemodialysis-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: JAMA (1973)

During an 11-month period, 11 cases of viral hepatitis were recognized in personnel of a hospital in Miami Beach, Fla. Epidemiologic evidence suggested that a single hemodialysis patient, an asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B antigen, was the source of hepatitis virus for ten of the 11 cases.
Assessing Medication Adherence Using Indirect Self-report
Authors: Hossein Alinia, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Palisaded encapsulated neuromas: a clinicopathological study
Authors: J.S. Dover, L. From, A. Lewis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Palisaded encapsulated neuromas: a clinicopathological study Get access J.S. Dover, J.S. Dover Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. From, L. From Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Lewis A. Lewis Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 18, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb12971.x Published: 01 July 1985
MEDICAL EDUCATION AND MEDICAL DEGREES IN ENGLAND.
Authors: None PASTEUR
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Mr. Editor: I thought it might be interesting to many of your readers to learn something about English medical qualifications. I have met quite a number of medical gentlemen and students in this country who were under the impression that every medical man there was an M. D., and when told that only about five per cent. possessed that degree, were greatly surprised. The qualifications granted there are of two kinds, viz.: degrees and diplomas; the former is only conferred by a university, while the latter is conferred by an examining board called a college. No medical school in Great Britain can give any degree or diploma. The examinations for a degree and diploma are about the same, the former requiring a higher standard and a higher literary qualification; some universities demanding a literary degree or a corresponding examination, while the colleges are satisfied with a literary qualification corresponding to
Emotional Factors and Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: Hamilton B. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I don't dispute that stress is a factor in the cause of disease. What I object to is, first, the obsession that we are stressed as no one has ever been before. Several generations ago, obviously, Osier thought the same. Mankind has always been under the same stress—20 and 200 generations ago, or even, as Toynbee has pointed out, earlier than that. Second, I disagree that stress always causes coronary insufficiency. Others claim that it causes ulcers, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, dysmenorrhea, colitis, and traffic accidents. Third, I further disagree that such conditions were rare in the past. They were preempted by infectious disease in the past and were unrecognized in the survivors. I don't disregard Dr Friedman's work, but I see it within a different frame of reference.
SULFAPYRIDINE AND SULFATHIAZOLE THERAPY IN PNEUMOCOCCIC PNEUMONIA
Authors: HARRISON F. FLIPPIN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In an attempt to evaluate the comparative therapeutic effectiveness and toxicity of sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole, pneumonia patients admitted to the medical services<sup>1</sup>at the Philadelphia General Hospital were divided into therapeutic groups so that approximately an equal number received sulfapyridine and sulfathiazole.<sup>2</sup>This report deals with the study of 400 adult patients, the first 200 consecutively typed pneumococcic pneumonia patients from each therapeutic group. Included in this group of 400 patients are 200 who formed the basis of a previous report.<sup>3</sup>A representative group of patients (50 treated with sulfapyridine and 56 with sulfathiazole) was studied in somewhat greater detail by laboratory methods. Our purpose in this paper is to compare the behavior and activity of the two drugs when employed in the treatment of pneumonia. <h3>ROUTINE MANAGEMENT</h3> As soon as the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was established and specimens for routine laboratory studies (blood, urine and
Antibodies to Potassium Channels in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Anne H. Cross, Emmanuelle Waubant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The underlying cause of multiple sclerosis, a disease that affects 2.5 million people worldwide, has proven elusive despite more than a century of research. Evidence indicates that multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, but its target antigen remains unproven. In this issue of the Journal, Srivastava and colleagues report the presence of antibodies that bind the inward rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1 in almost 50% of the patients with multiple sclerosis whom they tested.1 Initially, the authors observed that serum IgG from patients with multiple sclerosis, but not that from controls, bound a protein expressed in human and rodent brain. They . . .