tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoblasts in synovial fluid and blood in the rheumatic diseases.
Authors: A A Eghtedari, P A Bacon, A Collins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Synovial fluid studies have been made on 43 patients with rheumatic disease. Lymphocytes separated by a 2-stage procedure were examined for the presence of activated large lymphoid cells or immunoblasts. Such immunoblasts were found in 19 of 21 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and 7 of 10 patients with seronegative polyarthritis, including patients with Still9s disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. No immunoblasts were seen in synovial fluid from osteoarthrosis or in the inflammatory but nonimmune synovial fluid from crystal-induced arthritis. The presence of immunoblasts showed a correlation with the lymphocyte count in the synovial fluid but not with the total white cell count. Preliminary studies confirm the spontaneous metabolic activity of these cells by autoradiography and show them by scanning electron microscopy to have a villous surface membrane. Simultaneous peripheral blood studies showed a lower incidence of immunoblasts than in the synovial fluid. It is suggested that these cells originate in the synovial membrane. In view of the known migration characteristic of immunoblasts these cells may be important in the spread of immune arthritis as well as being markers of disease activity.
Fall in birth weight of third generation Asian infants
Authors: E S Draper, K R Abrams, M Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--S Dhawan reports that the birth weight of the infants of second generation Asian women in Bolton is significantly higher than that of the infants of first generation Asian women.1 This increase was not found when a much larger sample of Asian women in Leicestershire was compared during 1991-3--in fact, the converse was found when data on Asian Muslim women were selected from the data.

A total of 4562 Asian women delivered a singleton liveborn …
Colorectal cancer rates following a barium enema or colonoscopy
Authors: T. Maheswaran, R. Tighe
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy and removal of adenomatous polyps has been shown to reduce subsequent cancer risk. In Canada, Rabeneck et al found that over a 14 year period, a negative colonoscopy was associated with a reduced incidence of subsequent colorectal cancer (CRC) in the distal colon; but little reduction in the incidence of proximal CRC at least for the first 7 years after the colonoscopy.1 With this in mind we reviewed the incidence and distribution of CRC in our population following colonic evaluation. Our unit is the third largest colorectal cancer unit in the UK. Between 2005 and 2010 there were 2611 cases of CRC, during this period 17 263 colonoscopies and 13 767 barium enemas were performed. <h3>Methods</h3> By interrogating the patient administration system of our hospital we were able to identify those patients who had had a colonoscopy or barium enema done over 12 months prior to their CRC diagnosis being made, we collected data from the last 10 years. We chose this 12 month period to avoid those patients who had had an examination that led to a diagnosis of CRC. <h3>Results</h3> 106 patients had a barium enema between 12 and 118 months before a diagnosis of colorectal cancer was made. 48.1% (51) were located in the right side of the colon, 42.5% (45) were located in the left side of the colon. In the remaining 9.4% (10) the location was unknown. These missed cancers were most frequently located in the caecum 23.5% (25), sigmoid 16.9% (18) and ascending colon 13.2% (14). 13 patients had a colonoscopy between 25 and 116 months prior to a diagnosis of colorectal cancer being made. 53.8% (7) of these were located in the right side of the colon and 46.2% (6) of these were located in the left side of the colon. These tumours were most frequently located in the caecum 30.7% (4), transverse colon 23.0% (3) and rectum 23.0% (3). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was significantly more right sided cancers in the prior colonoscopy and barium enema groups (chi squared = 11.29, p &lt; 0.001) consistent with earlier data from Canada. There was a ten fold increased miss rate with barium enema over colonoscopy and this would support the service moving away from barium enemas to colonoscopy.
A Clinical Study ON THE AVENUES OF RHEUMATIC INFECTION: BASED UPON EXAMINATION OF 75 CASES OF SYDENHAM'S CHOREA
Authors: W. P. S. Branson
Journal: BMJ (1912)

THis study was un(dertaken in order to provide some data (vitl a view to rational treatment anid p-ophylaxis) con- cerninig the extent of the i-elation betw-eeni rhleumatic inifection on the one lhan(d and infective processes in the niose and tlhroat on the otlher.The (lata put foi-warld in it arc based uipon a personal and a,l 7oc exaiiiination of 75 cases of Sydenlham's clhorea, takeni as they came; and no case has been admitted to the series if ani doubt was felt as-to the cliagnosis.Aly particiular thank;s; are dtue.and I offer thiemii, to Dr.Ioi-ley Fletch1er, fromI wh1ose ser vice for tliseases of children at St. Barthiolomiiew's Hospital miost of the patients were drawrn, and wlio lias lhelped inie in many ways; also to Dr. A. E. CGow and Dr. E. A. Cockayne, Casualty Physicians to that lhospital, wiho have been mostkind in giving nme access to a utiniber of cases.Thc Grariiy of Rheiitma tic Inf(ction?.* The exact amount varies in the case of the rabbit; 0.01 mg. of the dried bacilli is the most suitable quantity (Royal commission Reports).
Personalized medicine in hepatitis C: From genome-wide association studies to clinical practice
Authors: Hermann E. Wasmuth, Ralf Weiskirchen
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects 170 million people worldwide and is an important cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. The standard of care therapy combines pegylated interferon (pegIFN) alpha and ribavirin (RBV), and is associated with a range of treatment-limiting adverse effects. One of the most important of these is RBV-induced haemolytic anaemia, which affects most patients and is severe enough to require dose modification in up to 15% of patients. Here we show that genetic variants leading to inosine triphosphatase deficiency, a condition not thought to be clinically important, protect against haemolytic anaemia in hepatitis-C-infected patients receiving RBV.
Cord-Blood-Cell Transplantation — A Real Sleeper?
Authors: Robert Peter Gale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In the 1973 movie Sleeper, Woody Allen, about to die from complications of peptic ulcer surgery in a New York City hospital, is wrapped in aluminum foil and frozen. When it was defrosted, the body was healed as a result of two centuries' worth of medical advances. The movie also describes scientists' plans to clone the leader of the country from his nose, the only part to have survived an assassination attempt.Many Journal readers have seen Sleeper. My telephone call to Issaragrisil and coworkers, who report in this issue of the Journal that they have cured a child's . . .
AUTO-INTOXICATION IN ITS RELATIONS TO THE DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Authors: DANIEL R. BROWER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

We are at the beginning of a new era in the pathogenesis and treatment of the neural diseases. The discovery of the neuron has resulted in making clear some of the dark passages in physiology and pathogenesis, and the dynamic changes produced in these neurons by alcohol and other extrinsic poisons, that have been so marvelously demonstrated by Andriezen, Van Gieson and others, and the reasonable inference that intrinsic poisons are equally powerful in establishing pathologic conditions, open up a new line of important therapeutic investigation. The primary form of the psychoses from the beginning has been called melancholia, "black bile," because of the relation ever recognized between mental depression and perverted action of the great viscus of the abdominal cavity, and in more modern times quaint old Abernethy emphasized the same etiologic thought when he gave utterance to the aphorism that the best medicine for the "blues" is the
Effect of Potassium and of Desoxycorticosterone Acetate in Acute Heart Injury in the Rat
Authors: CHARLES G. CAMPBELL, SYDNEY M. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The rat myocardium was injured by means of a hot probe applied to the exposed surface of the left ventricle and the sequence of electrocardiographic changes was studied. Administered potassium as potassium chloride aggravated the electrocardiographic changes, while the administration of DCA improved the cardiographic picture. It is suggested that the beneficial action of DCA may be due to its plasma potassium lowering effect.
Abstract 5054: The role of neurofibromin in stem cell differentiation.
Authors: Michelle Farbaniec, Adri Chakraborty, Natalia Coleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Neurofibromin is a product of the tumor suppressor gene Nf1 which is responsible for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). When NF1 is mutated, Ras is constitutively active, enabling affected cells to proliferate extensively. This proliferation can result in tumor formation, particularly in neural crest-derived cells in the peripheral nervous system. NF1 patients can also exhibit cognitive deficits and develop other symptoms unrelated to cancer. While it is common knowledge that neurofibromin is involved in tumor formation, little is known about its function in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in normal and pathological settings. In addition to Ras-GAP function, recent studies have demonstrated that neurofibromin has a novel role on neuronal differentiation via its GAP-related domain. Thus we have speculated that abnormal regulation of NF1-GAP in neuronal cells may be implicated in NF1-related learning and memory disorders. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the role of neurofibromin in neuronal cell differentiation using stem cells (SCs) expressing different levels of neurofibromin. We have developed a new system to differentiate mouse SCs via formation of an embryoid body, a floating cell cluster which, by markers and function, mimicks adult neural stem cells. We have shown that the mouse embryonic ESs of all NF1 genotypes in our possession retain their pluripotency and can be differentiated into neuronal cells. This systematic study of complex molecular events in signaling pathways that occur in mouse embryonic SCs that have one (Nf1+/-), both (Nf1+/+) or neither (Nf1-/-) functional allele during in vitro differentiation is critical for a better understanding of the biology of neurofibromatosis and identification of potential targets. Citation Format: Michelle Farbaniec, Adri Chakraborty, Natalia Coleman. The role of neurofibromin in stem cell differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5054. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5054
GPs and nurses launch end of life care charter
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

All 8500 GP practices in England are to receive a charter pledging the standard care that patients will receive at the end of life.

The charter, drawn up jointly by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) with input from specialists, patient groups and others in health and social care, sets out seven pledges to patients.

A letter accompanying the charter states: “The GP and the primary healthcare team have the ability to coordinate good care and to help reduce some of the worry and stress when someone …
CAUSATION AND EARLY TREATMENT OF MENTAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN.Read in the Section on Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: ALFRED W. WILMARTH
Journal: JAMA (1894)

When I state that this paper is intended to deal with the physical causes which underlie the mental defects of the young, it may appear to you that it could be more fittingly read before specialists in their care and treatment. I hope to demonstrate to you, however, that a very large responsibility antedates their admission into institutions for the feebleminded, and rests on no one as heavily as on the family physician. It has long been held that mental enfeeblement in children, in the vast majority of cases, was purely non-development of the nervous centers; and this view has been quietly accepted by the general profession and the public at large. Many a family with a clean history of mental health, when a bright child has suddenly changed and mental growth has ceased, perhaps after some slight illness, or perhaps after no noticeable physical disturbance, can not view the
Bariatric Surgery — From Treatment of Disease to Prevention?
Authors: Danny O. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity has improved dramatically over the past 60 years — especially over the past several decades. Today's methods are far safer than the hazardous intestinal bypass procedures that were introduced in the 1950s. Bariatric-surgery techniques have progressed through various iterations of horizontal and vertical stapling of the stomach with or without banding (e.g., vertical banded gastroplasty) to vertical gastric partitioning or creation of a gastric pouch with proximal bypass into a jejunal loop (i.e., the gastric bypass), which is considered to be a reference standard. Currently, inflatable bands that can be placed laparoscopically are an . . .
CORONARY CTA BELOW ONE MILLISIEVERT: EVALUATION OF IMAGE QUALITY AND PATIENT DOSE, AND SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE SCAN PROTOCOLS IN THE FIRST 200 CARDIAC PATIENTS ON A 128-SLICE DUAL SOURCE CT SCANNER
Authors: Kheng Thye Ho, Christoph Panknin, Kia Chong Chua
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 1989: Gene expression signature of the non-cancerous liver tissue associated with the early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shinji Tanaka, Kaoru Mogushi, Mahmut Yasen, Norio Noguchi, Takumi Irie, Atsushi Kudo, Noriaki Nakamura, Johji Inazawa, Hiroshi Tanaka, Shigeki Arii
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might be associated with biological aggressiveness of the cancer as well as background status of the liver. In this study, the predictive values for the early recurrence were assessed on patients with HCC after curative hepatectomy using clinicopathological factors and genome-wide gene expression signatures. Multivariate analysis of clinico-pathological factors revealed portal vein invasion (p=0.007), hepatitis C virus infection (p=0.001), and low levels of serum albumin (p=0.003) as the risk factors, yielding a ROC-plot AUC value of 0.854 with 61.5% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. Analysis of the gene expression profiling on the cancer tissues of HCC revealed the significant differences in CD24 stem cell marker and MTSS1 metastasis suppressor molecule. The cancer six-gene signature for the prediction of recurrence yielded a ROC-plot AUC value of 0.897 with 81.8% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity. Using the non-cancerous liver tissues surrounding HCC, distinct differences were recognized by the gene expression profiling such as IGL immunoglobulin lambda light chain and MAP2K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. The non-cancer six-gene signature yielded a ROC-plot AUC value of 0.966 with 84.8% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity for the prediction of HCC recurrence. These gene expression signatures can be involved in the metastatic potentials of the invasive HCC, and the multi-centric hepatocarcinogenesis, respectively. Our results might indicate the molecular targets for prediction and/or treatment of the recurrence, as well as the super-high risk group of HCC within the patients with hepatitis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1989.
Estimating progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Anthony J. Freeman, Gregory J. Dore, Matthew G. Law, Max Thorpe, Jan Von Overbeck, Andrew R. Lloyd, George Marinos, John M. Kaldor
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

To gain a clearer understanding of the rate of progression to cirrhosis and its determinants in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a systematic review of published epidemiologic studies that incorporated assessment for cirrhosis has been undertaken. Inclusion criteria were more than 20 cases of chronic HCV infection, and information on either age of subjects or duration of infection. Of 145 studies examined, 57 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Least-squares linear regression was employed to estimate rates of progression to cirrhosis, and to examine for factors associated with more rapid disease progression in 4 broad study categories: 1) liver clinic series (number of studies = 33); 2) posttransfusion cohorts (n = 5); 3) blood donor series (n = 10); and 4) community-based cohorts (n = 9). Estimates of progression to cirrhosis after 20 years of chronic HCV infection were 22% (95% CI, 18%-26%) for liver clinic series, 24% (11%-37%) for posttransfusion cohorts, 4% (1%-7%) for blood donor series, and 7% (4%-10%) for community-based cohorts. Factors that were associated with more rapid disease progression included older age at HCV infection, male gender, and heavy alcohol intake. Even after accounting for these factors, progression estimates were much higher for cross-sectional liver clinic series. Selection biases probably explain the higher estimates of disease progression in this group of studies. Community-based cohort studies are likely to provide a more representative basis for estimating disease progression at a population level. These suggest that for persons who acquire HCV infection in young adulthood, less than 10% are estimated to develop cirrhosis within 20 years. (Hepatology 2001;34:809-816.)
1008-12 Electrophyslologic Characteristics of Manifest Endocardial Accessory Pathways Located in the Left Posteroseptal Space, as Defined by Radlofrequency Current Ablation
Authors: Erica Braun, Riccardo Cappato, Michael Schlüter, Christian Weiss, Joachin Hebe, Thomas Meinerzt, Karl-Heinz Kuck
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Study on environmental hazards is flawed
Authors: S. Moffatt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Fallout from the Shipman case Deaths should be investigated more plainly and effectivelyEditor-O'Neill's editorial and the news article by Dyer, which both arose from the Shipman case, raise several points that merit further consideration. 1 2 The fact that a central registry of doctors' prescribing habits is geared to financial rather than good practice principles perhaps reflects the current fiscal climate.Concern about death certification and coroners dates back to the Brodrick committee. 3 I wonder what was entered on the death certificates of Shipman's patients, how carefully the certificates were scrutinised by the registrar of births, deaths, and marriages, and what was the degree of training and expertise of those scrutinising them.Australian experience mirrors that of the United Kingdom, with inaccuracies in death certificates.Surely, however, characterising the immediate cause of death of valued citizens, irrespective of their age or sex, can never be meddlesome.Inaccuracy in documenting any aspect of medical practice should not be readily accepted.
Predicting Pathological Stage of Localized Prostate Cancer-Reply
Authors: Alan W. Partin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Naitoh and colleagues criticized our analysis based on poor correlation between their own clinical and pathological data compared with data we reported for 4133 patients treated at 3 different institutions. In summary, they found that men with tumors having Gleason scores of 6 and 7, clinical stage of T2b, and PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL had a higher likelihood of having organ-confined disease in their series than was reported by the nomograms presented in our work. They report rates of 70% (Gleason score 6) and 50% (Gleason score 7) of organ-confined disease for men within this subgroup, compared with the rate of 38% and 22% for similar patients in our study. We agree with Naitoh and colleagues that patients with capsular penetration can in fact be cured by radical prostatectomy; however, the probability of cure is less than for those men with organ-confined disease. Therefore, predicting organ-confined
Self‐reported health‐related quality of life in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Robert McMillan, James B. Bussel, James N. George, Deepa Lalla, Janet L. Nichol
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder manifested by varying degrees of purpura and mucosal bleeding, rarely including intracranial hemorrhage. Therapy is aimed at increasing the patient's platelet count to safe levels and includes a wide variety of treatments. While the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of chronic ITP have been extensively discussed, the effect of ITP and its treatment on patient quality of life has not been evaluated in adults. In this study, the Short‐Form 36 questionnaire was used to evaluate the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of 73 adult ITP patients compared with that of the general U.S. population and of patients with six other relatively common chronic disorders. This study shows that the HRQOL of adult patients with ITP is significantly worse than that of the general U.S. population. It is also worse than that of patients with hypertension, arthritis, or cancer; similar to that of patients with diabetes; but better than that of patients with congestive heart failure or a missing or paralyzed limb. Future studies need to address the effects of treatment not only on the platelet count and bleeding but also on HRQOL. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health issues rise up the EU agenda
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The European Union needs to improve the way it deals with health issues and start anticipating events rather than reacting to them, Commissioner David Byrne said at a meeting in Austria last week.

Addressing the 500 delegates attending the fourth European Health Forum in Bad Gastein, Austria, he said that a series of events—from the crisis over BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) to the recent European Court of Justice rulings (which established that health services fall under single market legislation)—has shown that health issues have moved “centre stage.”

A sea change was needed …