tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of SPECT lung perfusion with transbronchial lung biopsy after lung transplantation.
Authors: H G Colt, S Cammilleri, F Khelifa, J F Dumon, L Garbe, M Noirclerc, G Kaphan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role for single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) using technetium 99m-macroaggregated albumin for diagnosing rejection in lung transplant patients. SPECT results were compared with those obtained from transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in patients undergoing bronchoscopy during routine surveillance and in cases of clinical, radiographic, or physiologic suspicion of lung rejection. This prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted by the Marseille Lung Transplant Group, Marseille University Hospitals South. It included 26 lung transplant recipients (19 double-lung, four single-lung, and three heart-lung). For each patient, SPECT lung perfusion was performed before TBB as part of routine surveillance protocol and when clinically indicated. Routine surveillance included TBB at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and every 6 months thereafter. SPECT was always performed within the 24 h preceding TBB. Whenever the SPECT was abnormal, biopsies were obtained from an area corresponding to a region of hypoperfusion. Results of the study were based on 79 paired SPECT and TBB obtained from 26 patients. Concordance between SPECT and biopsy occurred in 71 instances (89.9%). Among 25 cases of normal SPECT, TBB was normal in 24 and revealed subclinical lung rejection in one. Among 54 cases of abnormal SPECT, TBB was also abnormal in 47 (87.0%), with lung rejection being the abnormality in 23 (46%). For pairs performed as part of the routine surveillance protocol (61 pairs), clinically silent lung rejection was diagnosed in 16 (26.2%). SPECT was abnormal in 15 of 16 instances and normal in only one; this patient had minimal rejection that resolved without treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Progress against Cancer?
Authors: John C. Bailar, Elaine M. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We assessed the overall progress against cancer during the years 1950 to 1982. In the United States, these years were associated with increases in the number of deaths from cancer, in the crude cancer-related mortality rate, in the age-adjusted mortality rate, and in both the crude and the age-adjusted incidence rates, whereas reported survival rates (crude and relative) for cancer patients also increased. In our view, the best single measure of progress against cancer is change in the age-adjusted mortality rate associated with all cancers combined in the total population. According to this measure, we are losing the war against cancer, notwithstanding progress against several uncommon forms of the disease, improvements in palliation, and extension of the productive years of life. A shift in research emphasis, from research on treatment to research on prevention, seems necessary if substantial progress against cancer is to be forthcoming.
Duodenal Filling Defect
Authors: Burton M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DUODENAL villous tumors are rare lesions that often have a characteristic roentgenographic appearance on upper gastrointestinal series. A typical example is discussed along with the important features of this interesting entity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old woman with a previous history of adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and organic dementia was admitted to The New York Hospital with complaints of increasingly severe, crampy lower quadrant abdominal pain, no bowel movements for one week, and nausea and vomiting for three days. Findings from a physical examination were unremarkable, and admission laboratory results disclosed hypokalemia (presumably from chronic diuretic therapy), leukocytosis (from a urinary tract infection), glycosuria, ketonuria, and anemia. Anteroposterior and right lateral (Figure) roentgenograms from an upper gastrointestinal series show multilocular cauliflower-like filling defect in the descending duodenum. <h3>Diagnosis.—</h3> Adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenoma of the duodenum with submucosal invasion. <h3>Comment</h3> The upper gastrointestinal tract series showed a multilocular
Informing the Uninformed
Authors: Alan R. Tait, Terri Voepel-Lewis, Vijayan N. Nair, Naveen N. Narisetty, Angela Fagerlin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Research information should be presented in a manner that promotes understanding. However, many parents and research subjects have difficulty understanding and making informed decisions. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the effect of different communication strategies on parental understanding of research information. <h3>Design</h3> Observational study from January 2010 to June 2012 using a fractional factorial design. <h3>Setting</h3> Large tertiary care children's hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> Six hundred forty parents of children scheduled for elective surgery. <h3>Interventions</h3> Parents were randomized to receive information about a hypothetical pain trial presented in 1 of 16 consent documents containing different combinations of 5 selected communication strategies (ie, length, readability, processability [formatting], graphical display, and supplemental verbal disclosure). <h3>Main Outcome and Measures</h3> Parents were interviewed to determine their understanding of the study elements (eg, protocol and alternatives) and their gist (main point) and verbatim (actual) understanding of the risks and benefits. <h3>Results</h3> Main effects for understanding were found for processability, readability, message length, use of graphics, and verbal discussion. Consent documents with high processability, eighth-grade reading level, and graphics resulted in significantly greater gist and verbatim understanding compared with forms without these attributes (mean difference, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.26-0.88, number of correct responses of 7 and mean difference, 0.54; 95% CI,0.20-0.88, number of correct responses of 4 for gist and verbatim, respectively). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Results identified several communication strategy combinations that improved parents' understanding of research information. Adoption of these active strategies by investigators, clinicians, institutional review boards, and study sponsors represents a simple, practical, and inexpensive means to optimize the consent message and enhance parental, participant, and patient understanding.
Survival outcome is similar for first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine or taxane for metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: GG Kimmick, F Camacho, W Wei, R Balkrishnan, R Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6091 Background: Capecitabine is often offered as first-line treatment option for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this study, we compare characteristics of and survival among women prescribed capecitabine or taxane monotherapy as first-line chemotherapy for MBC.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Women receiving first-line chemotherapy for MBC from 1998 to 2005 were identified from the North Carolina tumor registry linked with Medicaid and Medicare claims records, and were followed through the end of 2005 with survival data from the National Death Index. T-tests and Chi-square tests were used to compare baseline charactistics between patients who received first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine versus taxane (paclitaxel or docetaxel). Overall survival was examined as average months survived post-diagnosis of metastases using Cox proportional hazard modeling. The following variables were included in the models: age, race, comorbidity, insurance coverage, hormone receptor (HR) status, time from diagnosis of metastases to first-line chemotherapy, trastuzumab use, time from initial diagnosis to metastasis, receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, and year of first-line chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Results: There were 257 patients with MBC starting first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine (n=71) or a taxane (n=186). Statistically significant differences between patients treated with capecitabine versus taxane were seen for the following baseline characteristics: insurance coverage, such that women in the taxane group were more likely insured by Medicare only; time from initial diagnosis to recurrence was longer in the capecitabine group; time from metastases to first-line chemotherapy was longer in the capecitabine group. The unadjusted 1-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates were longer for the taxane treated group than for the capecitabine treated group: 72% vs 59%, p=0.002, and 75% and 63%, p=0.01. In multivariate analysis, treatment received was not associated with overall or cancer-specific survival after adjustment for baseline differences in the populations. Factors significantly associated with increased overall and cancer-specific survival were positive HR status (HR 0.65, p=0.01; HR 0.60, p=0.005), greater time from metastases until 1st line chemotherapy (for each additional month: HR 0.95, p 0.0001; HR 0.96, p=0.0004), and earlier year of 1st line chemotherapy (for each previous year compared to successive year 2005-1998: HR 0.86, p=0.022; HR 0.86, p=0.03).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In this population-based study, women who received capecitabine as first-line treatment for MBC were more often insured by Medicaid, had a longer disease free interval and time to first-line chemotherapy from diagnosis of metastases. In multivariate analysis, however, first-line capecitabine and taxane for MBC yielded similar survival outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6091.
Legionnaires' Disease and Acinetobacter Bacteremia
Authors: PHILLIP LERNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Legionnaires' Disease and Acinetobacter BacteremiaPHILLIP LERNER, M.D., JULIAN KASSEN, M.D.PHILLIP LERNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JULIAN KASSEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-434_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the September 1978 issue (1) Kirby and colleagues describe endemic Legionnaires' disease at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital. One patient with co-incident Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia remained ill until a course of erythromycin therapy was initiated 10 weeks later. Our following case strengthens their suggestion that chronic illness that sometimes follows Legionnaires' infection may coexist with and be confused by other nosocomial pathogens.A 76-year-old white woman was admitted on 29 July 1978 with back pain aggravated by coughing, sneezing, and straining. She was afebrile and her chest roentgenogram was clear. Bed rest and pelvic traction for...Reference1. KIRBYSNYDERMEYERFINEGOLD BKRS: Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of 24 cases. Ann Intern Med 89:297-309, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mt. Sinai Hospital Cleveland, OH 44106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChanges of diet and dominant intestinal microbes in farmland frogsSeroreactivity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila: lack of a statistically significant relationshipMeasure of immunoglobulin G-, M-, and A-specific titers against Legionella pneumophila and inhibition of titers against nonspecific, gram-negative bacterial antigens in the indirect immunofluorescence test for legionellosisEtude de la Flore cutanée du Nouveau-Né Prématuré en environnement protégé 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 434-435KeywordsCoughingErythromycinKlebsiella pneumoniaeLegionellosisLower back painNosocomial infectionsPathogensPneumoniaSneezingThorax Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Marijuana-Using Drivers, Alcohol-Using Drivers, and Their Passengers
Authors: Jennifer M. Whitehill, Frederick P. Rivara, Megan A. Moreno
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Driving after marijuana use increases the risk of a motor vehicle crash. Understanding this behavior among young drivers and how it may differ from alcohol-related driving behaviors could inform prevention efforts.To describe the prevalence, sex differences, and risk factors associated with underage college students' driving after using marijuana, driving after drinking alcohol, or riding with a driver using these substances.Cross-sectional telephone survey of a random sample of 315 first-year college students (aged 18-20 years) from 2 large public universities, who were participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. At recruitment, 52.8% of eligible individuals consented to participate; retention was 93.2% one year later when data for this report were collected.Self-reported past-28-day driving after marijuana use, riding with a marijuana-using driver, driving after alcohol use, and riding with an alcohol-using driver.In the prior month, 20.3% of students had used marijuana. Among marijuana-using students, 43.9% of male and 8.7% of female students drove after using marijuana (P < .001), and 51.2% of male and 34.8% of female students rode as a passenger with a marijuana-using driver (P = .21). Most students (65.1%) drank alcohol, and among this group 12.0% of male students and 2.7% of female students drove after drinking (P = .01), with 20.7% and 11.5% (P = .07), respectively, reporting riding with an alcohol-using driver. Controlling for demographics and substance use behaviors, driving after substance use was associated with at least a 2-fold increase in risk of being a passenger with another user; the reverse was also true. A 1% increase in the reported percentage of friends using marijuana was associated with a 2% increased risk of riding with a marijuana-using driver (95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Among students using any substances, past-28-day use of only marijuana was associated with a 6.24-fold increased risk of driving after substance use compared with using only alcohol (95% CI, 1.89-21.17).Driving and riding after marijuana use is common among underage, marijuana-using college students. This is concerning given recent legislation that may increase marijuana availability.
Ethics of the Fathers
Authors: Alan D. Haber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor3 January 2012Ethics of the FathersAlan D. Haber, MDAlan D. Haber, MDFrom Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Whoever destroys a soul, it is as if he destroyed an entire world.And whoever saves a life, it is as if he saved an entire world.—Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5“But what is the most effective way to teach our fellows the ethical conduct of research?”As if a subliminal alarm clock had just sounded, I awoke with a start. I was attending a national conference on research ethics, my interest spurred by my dual role at the time as chairman of the hospital institutional review board and director of the pulmonary fellowship training program. However, when the discussion veered to the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111.Corresponding Author: Alan D. Haber, MD, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111; e-mail, alan.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 58-59KeywordsAdolescentsChildrenComputed axial tomographyCyclic adenosine monophosphateDiagnostic radiologyLungsResearch ethicsThoraxTouchWeight loss ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Citrullination preferentially proceeds in glomerular Bowman's capsule and increases in obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Dongyun Feng, Toshiyuki Imasawa, Tadasuke Nagano, Masaru Kikkawa, Kaori Takayanagi, Takako Ohsawa, Kyoichi Akiyama, Akihito Ishigami, Tosifusa Toda, Tetsuya Mitarai, Takeo Machida, Naoki Maruyama
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Developing a new drug costs less than $100m, not $900m
Authors: P. C. Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The popular myth created by the drug industry that it costs around $1bn (£0.63bn; €0.75bn) to develop a new drug never dies,1 although it has been refuted countless times. In reply to a BMJ paper mentioning this, Stephen Whitehead, chief executive, Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, claimed that the true cost was $1.6bn.2

These estimates are …
Validation of continuous wave Doppler-determined right ventricular peak positive and negative dp/dt: Effect of right atrial pressure on measurement
Authors: Toshio Imanishi, Satoshi Nakatani, Sachiko Yamada, Norifumi Nakanishi, Shintaro Beppu, Seiki Nagata, Kunio Miyatake
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
PECULIAR COMPLICATION OF APPENDICITIS
Authors: Richard Terrell Davis
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In clean appendectomies, a routine investigation of subjacent tissues is strongly urged as the part of wisdom. The following is a case in point: R. M., a youth, aged 16, whose previous health had been good, was taken suddenly ill early in the morning of Aug. 7, 1925. He evinced severe pain in the abdomen, centering at the umbilicus, together with constant nausea. He attributed his symptoms to having eaten largely of watermelon the evening before. I saw him for the first time at 10:30. His expression was anxious; the abdomen was normal in contour but with some rigidity of both rectus muscles. He complained of pain in the umbilical region, and of tenderness on deep pressure at McBurney's point. He experienced almost equal tenderness slightly above the umbilicus. The temperature was 99.8; pulse, 94; respiration, 22. The heart was normal. The urine had some albumin and a few hyaline
Slowing the Return of Hypertension After Stopping Medication
Authors: Frank A. Finnerty
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Langford and associates<sup>1</sup>have conclusively demonstrated that dietary sodium restriction and weight reduction in the obese patient delay the return of hypertension after discontinuation of medication following five years of controlled blood pressure. The lack of necessity for daily lifelong therapy (the concept of intermittent rather than continuous therapy) gives the patient with mild hypertension a much brighter outlook. It not only spares him the possibility of potential harmful side effects and saves money, but also provides him with objective evidence of his improvement. Why wait for five years to discontinue therapy? Recent data have shown that controlling the blood pressure for six months permitted discontinuation of therapy with chlorthalidone in 36 (53%) of 67 patients with mild hypertension.<sup>2</sup>These patients were specifically asked not to change their dietary habits so the effect of discontinuing medication on the blood pressure could better be evaluated. They
LESION DISTRIBUTION DOES NOT IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA PRESENTING WITH TISSUE LOSS
Authors: Keisuke Okuno, Osamu iida, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Masaki Awata, Shin Okamoto, Takayuki Ishihara, Kiyonori Nanto, Yukika Mizukami, Takuma Iida, Takashi Kanda, Tatsuya Shiraki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cardiac energetics in short and long term hypertrophy induced by aortic coarctation
Authors: P COUGHLIN, C L GIBBS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Cardiac energetics in short and long term hypertrophy induced by aortic coarctation Get access P COUGHLIN, P COUGHLIN From the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C L GIBBS C L GIBBS * From the Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia *Please address reprint requests to Dr C Gibbs at the above address. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 1981, Pages 623–631, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.11.623 Published: 01 November 1981
Chemical composition and swelling of normal and osteoarthrotic femoral head cartilage. II. Swelling.
Authors: A Maroudas, M Venn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Studies of the equilibrium, partition, and diffusion of tritiated water were carried out on normal and osteoarthrotic cartilage as well as on cartilage from which proteoglycans had been extracted chemically. All the water was found to be freely exchangeable in both normal and degenerate specimens. The diffusiviity of the water was equal to about 40% of the value in free solution, with an activation energy equal to that in free solution. It was concluded that the swelling of degenerate tissue is not due to any changes in the state of the water, but to a failure of the damaged collagen network to oppose the swelling pressure of the proteoglycans. Swelling similar to that observed in fibrillated cartilage was also found in initially normal specimens treated with collagenase.
Medicare Funding of Nursing Education-Reply
Authors: Linda H. Aiken
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our study documents that the majority of Medicare funding for nursing education supports hospitals affiliated with an increasingly smaller, idiosyncratic subset of nurse training programs located in a handful of states. In 1991, 145 hospitals associated with diploma nursing schools received $114 million from Medicare for nursing education— more than double the amount appropriated to all schools of nursing through the federal Title VIII program in that year. Preferential Medicare funding of diploma nursing education has not stemmed the decline of these programs, from 813 in 1965, when Medicare was created, to 135 in 1992.<sup>1</sup>Health care market forces and student preferences have eroded the viability of diploma programs and will continue to do so in the future. Yet there is no evidence that the decline in the number of diploma schools has adversely affected the supply of nurses, as might be inferred from Ms Weber's letter.
Quebec defies federal government to consider allowing assisted dying in certain circumstances
Authors: C. Santry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Lawyers have cleared the way for the province of Quebec to allow doctors to help patients with incurable conditions to die.

Quebec has the constitutional power to prevent such doctors from being prosecuted, a 450 page report by three legal experts concluded.

Assisted dying is banned under Canada’s Criminal Code and opposed by the federal government.

But in light of the report, published in French on Tuesday 15 January,1 Quebec politicians are planning to produce draft legislation by June 2013 that would permit assisted dying in specific cases.

The report recommended that assisted dying should …