tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF ROENTGEN RAYS ON CELL-VIRUS ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: William F. Friedewald, Rubert S. Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

The virus-induced papillomas of cottontail as well as domestic rabbits regress completely within a few weeks when exposed to 5,000 r of x-ray irradiation. The x-rays do not immediately kill the papilloma cells, but lead to death by inhibiting cellular division and producing pathological changes in the cells which then continue to differentiate. The virus associated with the growths, however, not only persists in undiminished amount during regression, but often an increased yield of it can be obtained on extraction. The fibroma virus in crude extracts or in vivo is inactivated by far less irradiation than the papilloma virus. 10,000 r destroys 90 per cent or more of the infectivity of the fibroma virus, whereas at least 100,000 r is required to inactivate 50 per cent of the papilloma virus in extracts containing about the same amount of protein. No variant of the papilloma virus or fibroma virus has been encountered as a result of the irradiation.
The effect of cardioacceleration by right atrial pacing on myocardial blood flow in normal human subjects
Authors: S. B. Knoebel, W. C. Elliott, E. Ross, P. L. McHenry
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

The myocardial blood flow response (MBF), measured by a coincidence counting technique and 84RbCl, to cardioaccleration by right atrial pacing, was studied in 18 normal subjects. MBF was found to increase at approxmately 130 beats/min but decreased at more rapid rates (150 beats/min). Further study will be required to resolve the problem of this narrow range of response in order to validate pacing studies in the evaluation of serial changes in coronary reserve.
Concurrent pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and desmoid tumor: A case report with analyses at the molecular level
Authors: Lucio Scopsi, Luca Cozzaglio, Paola Collini, Maria Gullo, Italia Bongarzone, Monica Giarola, Paolo Radice, Leandro Gennari
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1998)
Early Days of the Nerve Growth Factor Proteins
Authors: Eric M. Shooter
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2001)

▪ Abstract Adult male mouse submaxillary glands served as the preferred starting material for the isolation of the nerve growth factor (NGF) proteins in most of the isolation studies done. Two types of NGF proteins were isolated from extracts of the gland, a high-molecular-weight 7S NGF complex and a low-molecular-weight protein variously called NGF, βNGF, or 2.5S NGF. The latter, which mediated all known biological functions of NGF, were closely related forms of a basic NGF dimer in which the N and C termini of two monomers (chains) were modified by proteolytic enzymes to different extents with no effect on biological activity. The βNGF dimer showed a novel protein structure in which the two chains interacted non-covalently over a wide surface. Correspondingly, the βNGF dimer was found to be unusually stable and the form through which NGFs actions were mediated at physiological concentrations. The βNGF dimer was one of three subunits in 7S NGF; the other two were the γ subunit, an arginine esteropeptidase or kallikrein, and the α subunit, an inactive kallikrein. Two zinc ions were also present in the complex and contributed greatly to its stability. There was much debate about whether 7S NGF was a specific protein complex of interacting subunits and, if so, what functions it might play in the biology of NGF. Observations of the inhibition of the enzyme activity of the γ subunit and of the biological activity of βNGF in 7S NGF were important in determining that 7S NGF was a naturally occurring complex and the sole source of NGF in the gland extract or in saliva. Specific interactions between the active site of the γ subunit and the C-terminal arginine residues of the NGF chains, confirmed in the three-dimensional structure of 7S NGF, suggested a role for the γ subunit in pro-NGF processing during the assembly of 7S NGF. In spite of the detailed knowledge of 7S NGF structure, no information on the role of this complex in the neurobiology of NGF has emerged. With the exception of the submaxillary gland of an African rodent, no other source of NGF has been convincingly shown to synthesize the α and γ subunits, and they may well be irrelevant to NGFs actions.
EFFECT OF STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY TESTING ON CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BEHAVIORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A PROSPECTIVE SURVEY STUDY
Authors: Sahar Abdelmoneim, Sue J. Eifert Rain, Victoria Zysek, Juan P. Rodriguez-Escudero, Mathieu Bernier, Gajanan Bhat, Pamela Hsu, Mary Hagen, Dalene Bott-Kitslaar, Sharonne Hayes, Sharon Mulvagh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lysis of primary hepatic tumours by lymphokine activated killer cells.
Authors: K H Hsieh, S Y Shu, C S Lee, C T Chu, C S Yang, K J Chang
Journal: Gut (1987)

Lymphokine activated killer cell is a newly described lytic system against a variety of solid tumours and is distinct in several respects from the classic cytolytic T cell and the natural killer systems. This study was conducted to evaluate the lytic activity of lymphokine activated killer cells against fresh autologous and allogeneic, as well as cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Lymphokine activated killer cell was generated by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with various concentrations of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2, Cetus, USA) for various periods of time. A four hour 51Cr release assay was used to measure cytotoxicity. The results show that fresh and cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells were only slightly susceptible to natural killer cells. Normal hepatocytes were resistant to lymphokine activated killer-mediated lysis. Lymphokine activated killer cells could be generated from mononuclear cells of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and normal subjects with lytic activity against fresh autologous and allogeneic and cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but lymphokine activated killer cells from the former was less efficient than that from the latter. It is concluded that the adoptive immunotherapy with combined rIL-2 and lymphokine activated killer may be worth trying in early cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Aganirsen Antisense Oligonucleotide Eye Drops Inhibit Keratitis-Induced Corneal Neovascularization and Reduce Need for Transplantation
Authors: Claus Cursiefen, Eric Viaud, Felix Bock, Bernard Geudelin, Antoine Ferry, Pavla Kadlecová, Michel Lévy, Salman Al Mahmood, Sylvie Colin, Eric Thorin, François Majo, Beatrice Frueh, Frank Wilhelm, Tobias Meyer-Ter-Vehn, Gerd Geerling, Daniel Böhringer, Thomas Reinhard, Daniel Meller, Uwe Pleyer, Björn Bachmann, Berthold Seitz
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)

Eye drops of aganirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 expression, inhibited corneal neovascularization in a previous dose-finding phase II study. We aimed to confirm these results in a phase III study and investigated a potential clinical benefit on visual acuity (VA), quality of life (QoL), and need for transplantation.Multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study.Analysis of 69 patients with keratitis-related progressive corneal neovascularization randomized to aganirsen (34 patients) or placebo (35 patients). Patients applied aganirsen eye drops (86 μg/day/eye) or placebo twice daily for 90 days and were followed up to day 180.The primary end point was VA. Secondary end points included area of pathologic corneal neovascularization, need for transplantation, risk of graft rejection, and QoL.Although no significant differences in VA scores between groups were observed, aganirsen significantly reduced the relative corneal neovascularization area after 90 days by 26.20% (P = 0.014). This improvement persisted after 180 days (26.67%, P = 0.012). Aganirsen tended to lower the transplantation need in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population at day 180 (P = 0.087). In patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization, a significant reduction in transplantation need was achieved (P = 0.048). No significant differences between groups were observed in the risk of graft rejection. However, aganirsen tended to decrease this risk in patients with traumatic/viral keratitis (P = 0.162) at day 90. The QoL analyses revealed a significant improvement with aganirsen in composite and near activity subscores (P = 0.039 and 0.026, respectively) at day 90 in the per protocol population. Ocular and treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in a lower percentage with aganirsen compared with placebo. Only 3 serious TEAEs (2 with aganirsen and 1 with placebo) were considered treatment-related.This first phase III study on a topical inhibitor of corneal angiogenesis showed that aganirsen eye drops significantly inhibited corneal neovascularization in patients with keratitis. The need for transplantation was significantly reduced in patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization. Topical application of aganirsen was safe and well tolerated.
lndium-111 DTP A Flow Study to Evaluate Surgically Implanted Drug Pump Delivery System
Authors: A. S. ROSENSON, A. ALI, E. W. FORDHAM, R. D. PENN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The authors describe a radionuclide technique for evaluating intrathecal and intraventricular infusions by surgically implanted drug pump delivery systems. Sixteen patients underwent flow studies, performed by injecting 500 mu Ci of indium-111 DTPA into the pumps. Early and delayed images were obtained. These studies enabled distinction among functioning pumps, nonfunctioning pumps, and obstructed or occluded catheters. We conclude that indium-111 DTPA flow studies provide an excellent way to assess these drug pump delivery systems.
Role of endogenous atrial natriuretic factor in acute congestive heart failure.
Authors: M E Lee, W L Miller, B S Edwards, J C Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The current studies were designed to investigate the functional significance of elevated endogenous atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in acute congestive heart failure (CHF). Integrated cardiorenal and endocrine function were measured in three models of acute low-output congestive heart failure with comparably reduced cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Acute CHF was produced by rapid right ventricular pacing (group I, n = 5) which decreases CO and increases atrial pressures and plasma ANF. In group II, n = 5, thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC) was produced to decrease venous return and CO but without increases in atrial pressure or plasma ANF. In group III, n = 5, TIVCC was performed and exogenous ANF infused to achieve plasma concentrations observed in acute CHF. In acute CHF with increases in endogenous ANF, sodium excretion (UNaV), renal blood flow (RBF), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone (PA) were maintained despite decreases in CO and MAP. In contrast, TIVCC with similar reductions in CO and MAP but without increases in ANF resulted in decreases in UNaV and RBF and increases in PRA and PA. Exogenous administration of ANF in TIVCC to mimic levels in acute CHF prevented sodium retention, renal vasoconstriction, and activation of renin and aldosterone. These studies demonstrate that endogenous ANF serves as an important physiologic volume regulator in acute CHF to maintain sodium excretion and possibly participate in the suppression of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system despite the stimulus of arterial hypotension.
Exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: population based cohort study
Authors: D.-K. Li
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether prenatal use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with increased risk of miscarriage. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. Prenatal use of NSAIDs, aspirin, and paracetamol (acetaminophen) ascertained by in-person interview. <b>Setting</b> Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, a healthcare delivery system, in the San Francisco area of the United States. <b>Participants</b> 1055 pregnant women recruited and interviewed immediately after their positive pregnancy test. Median gestational age at entry to the study was 40 days. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Pregnancy outcomes up to 20 weeks of gestation. <b>Results</b> 53 women (5%) reported prenatal NSAID use around conception or during pregnancy. After adjustment for potential confounders, prenatal NSAID use was associated with an 80% increased risk of miscarriage (adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.2)). The association was stronger if the initial NSAID use was around the time of conception or if NSAID use lasted more than a week. Prenatal aspirin use was similarly associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. However, prenatal use of paracetamol, pharmacologically different from NSAIDs and aspirin, was not associated with increased risk of miscarriage regardless of timing and duration of use. <b>Conclusion</b> Prenatal use of NSAIDs and aspirin increased the risk of miscarriage. These findings need confirmation in studies designed specifically to examine the apparent association.
Philippa Mary Bruce White
Authors: Margaret Sillis, Helen Williams, Judith Richards
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Philippa Mary Bruce White died peacefully at home on 23 December 2006 after a long battle against breast cancer.

Philippa inherited her interest in microbiology from her father and grandfather, both microbiologists in the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS)—the three generations spanned the entire existence of the PHLS. Her enthusiasm was fired further when she worked during her school holidays at the Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale.

Philippa was born in London in 1953 and spent her formative years on the Wirral, Cheshire. She trained in medicine at University College Hospital, London, where she also completed an intercalated BSc in microbiology. Before …
Ankylosing spondylitis patient responses to TNFi is gender-specific: 6 year data from the distiller biologic registry
Authors: L C Harty, C Fearon, C A Murray, M Dockery, P Doran, U Fearon, O FitzGerald, E Molloy, D J Veale
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine the clinical and serological features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors (TNFi). <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive, unselected AS patients commencing TNFi were prospectively studied between 2004 and 2011. Patients received standard physiotherapy, in addition to TNFi and were reviewed 3 monthly year 1 of therapy and then annually. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), chest expansion, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) scores were assessed. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare non-parametric categorical and continuous data. Spearman9s rank was used to assess correlations. Results are given as the mean unless otherwise specified. <h3>Results</h3> 147 AS patients were registered commencing TNFi with a mean age of 45 (IQR 15) and mean disease duration of 11 years (IQR 13), 72% were male and 61% were current or ex-smokers. Less than half (42%) were in employment. TNFi agents used included etanercept (50%), adalimumab (35%), infliximab (14%) and golimumab (1%). Mean first recorded BASDI for the whole cohort was 4.7 (IQR 3), BASFI 4.3 (3.8), BASMI 3.7 (2.6). There was no significant difference between the TNFi either in speed of response or outcomes measured. Current smokers presented with significantly more spinal pain than never/ex-smokers (p=0.045). At baseline female AS patients had significantly lower BASMI scores (2.9 vs 4, p=0.012) but worse patient global health (6.7 vs 5.5, p=0.033) compared to male AS patients. At 3 months post-TNFi therapy the BASDI (3.7 vs 2.7, p&lt;0.001) and BASFI (3 vs 2.4, p=0.032) scores were significantly higher in female AS patients, the former correlated with ESR levels post-TNFi (r=0.42, p=0.02). In addition, HAQ (.6 v.2, p&lt;0.001), ESR (21 vs 9, p&lt;0.001), CRP (8 vs 6, p=0.047) and patient global scores (5 vs 3, p&lt;0.001) were higher in female compared to male AS patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Female AS patients present with higher pain and disability despite better mobility. Following TNFi therapy they continue to have higher inflammatory markers, disease activity and functional scores compared to male AS patients. AS patients who smoke have more pain at baseline.
Cholesterol Feeding Increases C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Lean Insulin-Sensitive Subjects
Authors: Lisa R. Tannock, Kevin D. O’Brien, Robert H. Knopp, Barbara Retzlaff, Brian Fish, Mark H. Wener, Steven E. Kahn, Alan Chait
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Inflammatory markers associated with elevated cardiovascular risk are increased by cholesterol feeding in animal models. However, whether dietary cholesterol increases inflammatory marker levels in humans is not known.C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and lipoprotein levels were compared in 201 healthy subjects on an American Heart Association-National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 diet at baseline and after addition of 4 eggs per day for 4 weeks. Subjects were classified a priori into 3 groups based on their body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity index (SI): lean insulin sensitive (LIS), mean+/-SEM BMI, 23.2+/-0.3 kg/m2, and SI, 6.7+/-0.3x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=66; lean insulin resistant (LIR), BMI, 24.5+/-0.2 kg/m2 and SI, 2.9+/-0.1x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=76; or obese insulin resistant (OIR), BMI, 31.4+/-0.5 kg/m2 and SI, 2.1+/-0.1x10(-4)min(-1)/(microU/mL), n=59. Insulin resistance and obesity each were associated with increased baseline levels of both CRP (P for trend, <0.001) and SAA (P for trend=0.015). Egg feeding was associated with significant increases in both CRP and SAA in the LIS group (both P<0.01) but not in the LIR or OIR groups. Egg feeding also was associated with a significant increase in non-HDL cholesterol (P<0.001) in LIS subjects; however, there was no correlation between the change in non-HDL cholesterol or changes in either CRP or SAA in this group.A high-cholesterol diet leads to significant increases in both inflammatory markers and non-HDL cholesterol levels in insulin-sensitive individuals but not in lean or obese insulin-resistant subjects.
House-dust Mite Asthma. Results of Challenge Tests on Five Criteria with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: M. K. McAllen, E. S. K. Assem, K. Maunsell
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Twenty-eight patients with asthma and house-dust allergy were investigated by five different challenge tests with mite extract (<i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i>). These tests were performed on the skin, bronchi, nasal mucosa, and leucocytes, and on normal human lung tissue passively sensitized by the patients9 serum. The results were compared with each other and with the clinical state of the patients. Of 21 patients on whom all five tests were carried out, positive reactions to every test were found in 14 (67%). Asthmatic attacks were readily induced by inhalation of the mite extract and occurred in 18 (86%). Nasal reactions were provoked in 18 (86%) and were not followed by asthmatic symptoms. A leucocyte test was positive in 19 (90%) and the serum test was positive in all (100%). Delayed asthmatic responses to bronchial challenge were seen in six patients, but there was no evidence that these were mediated by precipitins. Quantitatively there was no fixed pattern between the degrees of sensitivity of the different tissues in the same patient. The amount of mite antigen capable of causing an asthmatic reaction was extremely small—less than 1 μg. of mite material in several patients. In view of the prevalence of <i>D. pteronyssinus</i> in this country and its high allergenic potency, it is considered that this mite is an important factor in allergic asthma.
Symptomatic Venous Hum
Authors: Freeman H. Cary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

VENOUS hum in the neck is an extremely common finding in children. If the vein involved is placed on the proper "stretch" by positioning of the head and the neck is ausculted with the bell of the stethoscope lightly touching the skin, its presence is the rule rather than the exception with the child in an upright position. It may also be heard on the upper chest just beneath the clavicle, especially on the right side. A venous hum is also commonly heard in adolescents, young adults and patients who have anemia, fever, pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis or other causes of hyperactive . . .
The need to assess children thoroughly for ADHD
Authors: J. J. de Bono, V. Thomas, B. Chipchase, P. McArdle
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Like other recent BMJ authors and correspondents, Tudor Hart questions the validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).1 His scepticism is derived from the correlation with “post-industrial dereliction” and a perception that the UK’s benefit system offers a powerful incentive to families to seek the diagnosis.

Correlations do seem to exist between …
Validity study of the severity index, a simple measure of urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Janet Hanley, Ann Capewell, Suzanne Hagen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

and mid 20th centuries. 2 4Secondly, even though no appreciable recent decrease in menarcheal age has occurred, almost one girl in eight reaches menarche while still at primary school.This needs to be taken into account when providing sanitary facilities and health information for female pupils in primary school.We thank all the participants for their help.
NICE appraisals should be everybody's business
Authors: Jane Wells, Claire Cheong-Leen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

When Newbury and Community Primary Care Trust appealed against NICE9s decision on Herceptin, it was the first to do so. <b>Jane Wells</b> and <b>Claire Cheong-Leen </b>explain the process and why other trusts should make their voices heard in appraisals of new treatments
A Guide to Rational Blood Transfusion
Authors: MAX M. STRUMIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Editorials1 November 1963A Guide to Rational Blood TransfusionMAX M. STRUMIA, M.D.MAX M. STRUMIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-59-5-770 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs long ago as 1788, Rosa and Scarpa (1, 2) used blood transfusion in a rational manner to treat anemia. Yet, only during the past twenty years has knowledge of the principles of preservation of blood and of immunohematology made possible blood transfusion in the modern sense. Yet this very essential therapeutic procedure is still beset with many controversial problems, and is subject to misuse and abuse on the part of misinformed physicians. Some of these difficulties stem from the apparent simplicity of blood transfusion as it was performed in the early 1930's and from ignorance of the risks involved....References1. MONTI A: Antonio Scarpa in Scientific History and His Role in the Fortunes of the University of Pavia, Vigo Press, New York, 1957, p. 33. Google Scholar2. ROSA M: Lettere Fisiologiche, 2 volumes, 3rd Ed., Parcelli, Naples, 1778, 1788. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MAX M. STRUMIA, M.D.Affiliations: The Bryn Mawr Hospital Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1963Volume 59, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 770-771KeywordsAnemiaBlood transfusion ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...