tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Return to Work After Stroke
Authors: Robert J. Joynt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Prognostication in medicine is one of our duties, but it is one that we all undertake remembering our many mistakes in the past. We become guarded and finally grudgingly accept that we cannot outguess the capricious nature of disease. So in many instances we beg off when pressed by patients and relatives, and in many instances our professed ignorance may not be a major consequence in the care. This is not the situation in certain disorders in which prognosis is an essential key in selecting patients for treatment programs and advising patients and their families about the possibilities for future employment. One of the areas where this is particularly important is that of patients who have brain damage from strokes. The recovery from a cerebral infarction is usually slow and usually unpredictable. In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Howard and co-workers1 carefully considered factors influencing the return to work in this
Immature hepatic tumor of bimodal differentiation in a young adult patient: a novel lesion expressing β-catenin and mimicking a distinct phase of hepatogenesis
Authors: Barbara Górnicka, Bogna Ziarkiewicz-Wróblewska, Bogdan Michalowicz, Jacek Pawlak, Tadeusz Wróblewski, Marek Krawczyk, Aleksander Wasiutyński, Andreas Kappeler, Arthur Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Book: The Forgetting. Understanding Alzheimer's: The New Epidemic
Authors: A. Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2002)

David Shenk ![Graphic][1]</img>Harper Collins, £15.99, pp 301 ISBN 0 00 257174 9 Rating: ![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> Journalist David Shenk has produced an insightful account of the experience, science, history, and potential future of Alzheimer's disease. He has also constructed a powerful challenge to our existing attitudes towards life, disease, and the direction of medical “progress.” All this is achieved with intelligence and objectivity in measured, yet compelling, prose. Shenk contends that “a sharp unravelling of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
In search of a good death: Humanising effects of a good death will help society
Authors: A. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As part of our work to support the British government's recent fundamental review of death certification we interviewed doctors about its processes and practice.1We found that doctors often approached death certification as an interruption of their real work, describing the completion of a death certificate as an irritation or a necessary evil.Research in the United Kingdom and elsewhere suggests that death certificates are not completed accurately, which is not surprising given these views.However, death certificates are important.They are used to construct meaning for relatives and, equally importantly, to construct mortality data.Mortality data inform health policy and flows of healthcare resources.Death certificates thus ensure the production of accurate health statistics, a fact rarely
Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate human upper respiratory innate immunity
Authors: Robert J. Lee, Jennifer M. Kofonow, Philip L. Rosen, Adam P. Siebert, Bei Chen, Laurel Doghramji, Guoxiang Xiong, Nithin D. Adappa, James N. Palmer, David W. Kennedy, James L. Kreindler, Robert F. Margolskee, Noam A. Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) in the human airway detect harmful compounds, including secreted bacterial products. Here, using human primary sinonasal air-liquid interface cultures and tissue explants, we determined that activation of a subset of airway T2Rs expressed in nasal solitary chemosensory cells activates a calcium wave that propagates through gap junctions to the surrounding respiratory epithelial cells. The T2R-dependent calcium wave stimulated robust secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the mucus that was capable of killing a variety of respiratory pathogens. Furthermore, sweet taste receptor (T1R2/3) activation suppressed T2R-mediated antimicrobial peptide secretion, suggesting that T1R2/3-mediated inhibition of T2Rs prevents full antimicrobial peptide release during times of relative health. In contrast, during acute bacterial infection, T1R2/3 is likely deactivated in response to bacterial consumption of airway surface liquid glucose, alleviating T2R inhibition and resulting in antimicrobial peptide secretion. We found that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis have elevated glucose concentrations in their nasal secretions, and other reports have shown that patients with hyperglycemia likewise have elevated nasal glucose levels. These data suggest that increased glucose in respiratory secretions in pathologic states, such as chronic rhinosinusitis or hyperglycemia, promotes tonic activation of T1R2/3 and suppresses T2R-mediated innate defense. Furthermore, targeting T1R2/3-dependent suppression of T2Rs may have therapeutic potential for upper respiratory tract infections.
Viral genotype-specific role of PNPLA3 , PPARG , MTTP, and IL28B in hepatitis C virus-associated steatosis
Authors: Tao Cai, Jean-François Dufour, Beat Muellhaupt, Tilman Gerlach, Markus Heim, Darius Moradpour, Andreas Cerny, Raffaele Malinverni, Vincent Kaddai, Murielle Bochud, Francesco Negro, Pierre-Yves Bochud
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Modulation of regulatory mechanisms operative in the cyclical production of antibody.
Authors: C G Romball, W O Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Modulation of the cyclical response in rabbits to aggregated human gamma globulin (AHuIgG) was investigated in order to study some of the parameters involved in self-regulation of the immune response. Several mitogens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], phytohemagglutinin [PHA], and concanavalin A [Con A]), when injected simultaneously with antigen, have been shown to modulate the normal splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in rabbits to a single intravenous injection of AHuIgG. This response to AHuIgG has previously been characterized by the initial appearance of PFC in the spleen 3 days later, with a peak of PFC at 5 days after injection. The number of PFC in the spleen then decreases and remains at a low level until a second increase begins on day 10, peaking on day 13. The 8-day cycle between peak PFC repeats, with a third peak appearing on day 21. In the present studies, injection of LPS with AHuIgG was shown to affect the PFC response by enhancing only the initial peak of PFC, PHA was shown to enhance both the initial and secondary peaks of PFC, while injection of Con A with AHuIgG resulted in a prolonged increase in PFC with no apparent cycling. Irradiation 24 h after injection of antigen resulted in PFC kinetics similar to those observed with PHA, although the increase in PFC was more marked with irradiation. Thus, although LPS, PHA, Con A, and irradiation markedly affected the immune response to AHuIgG, Con A was the only substance which altered the cyclical appearance of PFC to HuIgG. The cyclical nature of the PFC kinetics was shown to occur with either intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of antigen and in both primary and secondary responses, provided that the rabbits were primed with a low dose of antigen. Data were obtained that suggest that the response in distal lymph nodes may be regulated by immunological events occurring in the spleen. Cycling of PFC was not observed in the draining node after subcutaneous injection of AHuIgG in the hind foot. However, if the antigen was also injected intravenously at the same time as the subcutaneous injection, the response in the node became cyclical.
Textbook of Women's Health
Authors: Marilyn M. Schapira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings1 July 1998Textbook of Women's HealthMarilyn M. Schapira, MD, MPHMarilyn M. Schapira, MD, MPHMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-1-199807010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Textbook of Women's Health; Wallis LA; ed. 1044 pages. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. $99.50. Order phone 800-777-2295.Field of medicine: Women's health.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care clinicians, health educators, and clinical investigators.Purpose: To present information on gender-based differences in health.Content: This book presents an overview of women's health in its broadest sense. Several introductory chapters cover the history of women's health. The clinical sections of the book are well developed and include chapters on health maintenance, general health issues, sexual and reproductive health, and mental health. A chapter on procedures is also included. The book ends with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Marilyn M. Schapira, MD, MPHAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 1 Page: 79 Keywords Diabetes mellitus Health care Health information technology Health statistics Obstetrics and gynecology Population statistics Pregnancy Primary care Psychiatry and mental health Thyroid diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FACTORS INFLUENCING RUPTURE OF THE HEART AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Robert W. Oblath
Journal: JAMA (1952)

It is the purpose of this paper to review the factors related to the occurrence of rupture or perforation of the heart after myocardial infarction. Rupture of the heart has been recognized for over 300 years, and in recent times it has been the subject of thorough autopsy and clinical evaluation. The following salient facts have become established through previous investigations: 1. Such ruptures rarely occur in patients younger than 50 years of age.<sup>1</sup>2. Patients who have unlimited activity after infarction occurs apparently have a higher incidence of rupture than those treated with "adequate" rest.<sup>2</sup>3. Rupture associated with infarction almost universally occurs in the first few weeks following infarction; it rarely if ever occurs in an old scar.<sup>3</sup>4. The chances of rupture occurring are three times greater in patients in whom hypertension persists after infarction than in those who have normal or subnormal blood
Knockdown of β-catenin with Dicer-Substrate siRNAs Reduces Liver Tumor Burden In vivo
Authors: Henryk Dudek, Darren H Wong, Rokhand Arvan, Anee Shah, Kathleen Wortham, Bo Ying, Rohan Diwanji, Wei Zhou, Benjamin Holmes, Hailin Yang, Wendy A Cyr, Yi Zhou, Aalok Shah, Ruchir Farkiwala, Michael Lee, Yiting Li, Garrett R Rettig, Michael A Collingwood, Sujit K Basu, Mark A Behlke, Bob D Brown
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Despite progress in identifying molecular drivers of cancer, it has been difficult to translate this knowledge into new therapies, because many of the causal proteins cannot be inhibited by conventional small molecule therapeutics. RNA interference (RNAi), which uses small RNAs to inhibit gene expression, provides a promising alternative to reach traditionally undruggable protein targets by shutting off their expression at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Challenges for realizing the potential of RNAi have included identifying the appropriate genes to target and achieving sufficient knockdown in tumors. We have developed high-potency Dicer-substrate short-interfering RNAs (DsiRNAs) targeting β-catenin and delivered these in vivo using lipid nanoparticles, resulting in significant reduction of β-catenin expression in liver cancer models. Reduction of β-catenin strongly reduced tumor burden, alone or in combination with sorafenib and as effectively as DsiRNAs that target mitotic genes such as PLK1 and KIF11. β-catenin knockdown also strongly reduced the expression of β-catenin-regulated genes, including MYC, providing a potential mechanism for tumor inhibition. These results validate β-catenin as a target for liver cancer therapy and demonstrate the promise of RNAi in general and DsiRNAs in particular for reaching traditionally undruggable cancer targets.
Long term domiciliary oxygen treatment for chronic respiratory failure reviewed.
Authors: S V Baudouin, J C Waterhouse, T Tahtamouni, J A Smith, J Baxter, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The use of long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in the Sheffield area from June to August 1987 has been surveyed. Of the 74 patients prescribed long term domiciliary oxygen therapy, 64 were visited at home. These had arterial blood gas tensions or oxygen saturation measured (while breathing oxygen and air), and the indications for long term domiciliary oxygen therapy were examined retrospectively. Fifty two patients had chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the remainder having pneumoconiosis, bronchiectasis, fibrosing alveolitis, and congestive cardiac failure. Of the 54 cases where indications for treatment could be compared with the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) guidelines, only 23 (43%) met the full DHSS criteria before the start of treatment. The median length of treatment was 16 months. At follow up 51 patients had an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) greater than 8.0 kPa when breathing oxygen. They had a significantly higher PaO2 when breathing air than before long term oxygen therapy (6.7 (SD 1.2) kPa before oxygen treatment, 7.6 (1.4) kPa on reassessment). A similar change was seen in the 23 patients assessed as recommended by the DHSS (6.1 (0.8) kPa; 7.2 (1.2]. PaO2 during the breathing of air was less than 7.3 kPa at reassessment in only 21 (33%) patients. Thirteen patients had carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations above 2.5%, the 95th centile of the distribution in nonsmokers in the laboratory.
Institute of Medicine Report
Authors: Angela Diaz, Anne C. Petersen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The Physician and the Amnesiac
Authors: Howard Newcomb Morse
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systemic response to thermal injury in rats. Accelerated protein degradation and altered glucose utilization in muscle.
Authors: A S Clark, R A Kelly, W E Mitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Negative nitrogen balance and increased oxygen consumption after thermal injury in humans and experimental animals is related to the extent of the burn. To determine whether defective muscle metabolism is restricted to the region of injury, we studied protein and glucose metabolism in forelimb muscles of rats 48 h after a scalding injury of their hindquarters. This injury increased muscle protein degradation (PD) from 140 +/- 5 to 225 +/- 5 nmol tyrosine/g per h, but did not alter protein synthesis. Muscle lactate release was increased greater than 70%, even though plasma catecholamines and muscle cyclic AMP were not increased. Insulin dose-response studies revealed that the burn decreased the responsiveness of muscle glycogen synthesis to insulin but did not alter its sensitivity to insulin. Rates of net glycolysis and glucose oxidation were increased and substrate cycling of fructose-6-phosphate was decreased at all levels of insulin. The burn-induced increase in protein and glucose catabolism was not mediated by adrenal hormones, since they persisted despite adrenalectomy. Muscle PGE2 production was not increased by the burn and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin did not inhibit proteolysis. The increase in PD required lysosomal proteolysis, since inhibition of cathepsin B with EP475 reduced PD. Insulin reduced PD 20% and the effects of EP475 and insulin were additive, reducing PD 41%. An inhibitor of muscle PD, alpha-ketoisocaproate, reduced burn-induced proteolysis 28% and lactate release 56%. The rate of PD in muscle of burned and unburned rats was correlated with the percentage of glucose uptake that was directed into lactate production (r = +0.82, P less than 0.01). Thus, a major thermal injury causes hypercatabolism of protein and glucose in muscle that is distant from the injury, and these responses may be linked to a single metabolic defect.
Equipment for Domiciliary Obstetrics
Authors: S. Bender
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Equipment for Domiciliary Obstetrics-Bender BEDICALJOURNAL catheter.This would add about 5s. to the cost of each maternity pack.Secondly, the general-practitioner obstetrician should be encouraged to make full use of time-saving presterilized dis- posable equipment by being allowed to prescribe such articles for a specific patient on an E.C. 10.Thirdly, in some areas, just as he has open access to hos- pital x-ray and laboratory services, the general practitioner *an, without charge, use the hospital syringe service and first ½Otain and later replace transfusion equipment.These facili- ties are presumably made available by local arrangement between hospital management committee and N.H.S. execu- tive council.If so, such commendable liaison should be extended to all areas.
Atheroprotective Effect of CD31 Receptor Globulin Through Enrichment of Circulating Regulatory T-Cells
Authors: Emilie Groyer, Antonino Nicoletti, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Jamila Khallou-Laschet, Aditi Varthaman, Anh-Thu Gaston, Olivier Thaunat, Srini V. Kaveri, Radek Blatny, Hannes Stockinger, Ziad Mallat, Giuseppina Caligiuri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Morbidity and mortality from ataxia-telangiectasia are associated with ATM genotype
Authors: Romain Micol, Lilia Ben Slama, Felipe Suarez, Loïc Le Mignot, Julien Beauté, Nizar Mahlaoui, Catherine Dubois d’Enghien, Anthony Laugé, Janet Hall, Jérôme Couturier, Louis Vallée, Bruno Delobel, François Rivier, Karine Nguyen, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Jean-Louis Stephan, Pierre Bordigoni, Yves Bertrand, Nathalie Aladjidi, Jean-Michel Pedespan, Caroline Thomas, Isabelle Pellier, Michel Koenig, Olivier Hermine, Capucine Picard, Despina Moshous, Bénédicte Neven, Fanny Lanternier, Stéphane Blanche, Marc Tardieu, Marianne Debré, Alain Fischer, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Sexual differentiation of the brain: a model for drug-induced alterations of the reproductive system.
Authors: R A Gorski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The process of the sexual differentiation of the brain represents a valuable model system for the study of the chemical modification of the mammalian brain. Although there are numerous functional and structural sex differences in the adult brain, these are imposed on an essentially feminine or bipotential brain by testicular hormones during a critical phase of perinatal development in the rat. It is suggested that a relatively marked structural sex difference in the rat brain, the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA), is a morphological signature of the permanent or organizational action of estradiol derived from the aromatization of testicular testosterone. The SDN-POA of the male rat is severalfold larger in volume and is composed of more neurons than that of the female. The observation that the mitotic formation of the neurons of the SDN-POA is specifically prolonged has enabled us to identify the time course and pathway of neuronal migration into the nucleus. Study of the development of the SDN-POA suggests that estradiol in the male increases the number of neurons which survive a phase of neuronal death by exerting a neurite growth promoting action and/or a direct neuronotrophic action. It may not be possible to extrapolate this trophic effect of estradiol to all other structural sex differences since in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, steroid exposure reduces the number of immunohistochemically defined dopaminergic neurons. Finally, although it is clear that gonadal hormones have dramatic permanent effects on the brain during perinatal development, even after puberty and in adulthood gonadal steroids can alter neuronal structure and, perhaps as a corollary to this, have permanent effects on reproductive function. For example, in the lightly androgenized rat which exhibits the delayed anovulation syndrome, exposure to estrogen prepubertally delays the onset of ovulatory failure, whereas estrogen exposure peri- or post-pubertally has an inhibitory effect on ovulation. Although the brain may be most sensitive to gonadal hormones or exogenous chemical factors during perinatal development, such sensitivity does not appear limited to this period.