tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Status and Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: David A. Alter, Alice Chong, Peter C. Austin, Cameron Mustard, Karey Iron, Jack I. Williams, Christopher D. Morgan, Jack V. Tu, Jane Irvine, C. David Naylor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Gradients that link socioeconomic status and cardiovascular mortality have been observed in many populations, including those of countries that provide publicly funded comprehensive medical coverage. The intermediary causes of such gradients remain poorly elucidated. Objective: To examine the relationships among socioeconomic status, other health factors, and 2-year mortality rates after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Ontario, Canada. Patients: 3407 patients who were hospitalized for acute MI in 53 large-volume hospitals in Canada from December 1999 to February 2003. Measurements: The authors obtained self-reported measures of income and education and developed profiles of the patients' prehospitalization cardiac risks and comorbid conditions. To create these profiles, the authors used the patients' self-reports and retrospectively linked no less than 12 years' worth of previous hospitalization data. Mortality rates 2 years after acute MI were examined with and without sequential risk adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, social support, cardiovascular history and risk, comorbid conditions, and selected in-hospital process factors. Results: Income was strongly and inversely correlated with 2-year mortality rate (crude hazard ratio for high-income vs. low-income tertile, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.57]; P < 0.001). However, after adjustment for age and preexisting cardiovascular events or conventional vascular risk factors, the effect of income was greatly attenuated (adjusted hazard ratio for high-income vs. low-income tertile, 0.77 [CI, 0.54 to 1.10]; P = 0.150). Noncardiovascular comorbid conditions and in-hospital process factors had negligible explanatory effect. Limitations: Previous cardiovascular risks were ascertained through self-report or retrospectively through the longitudinal tracking of the hospitals' administrative databases. The study began with a cohort of patients who had an index cardiac event rather than with asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: Age, past cardiovascular events, and current vascular risk factors accounted for most of the income–mortality gradient after acute MI. This observation suggests that the "wealth–health gradient" in cardiovascular mortality may be partially ameliorated by more rigorous management of known risk factors among less affluent persons. *For a list of members of the SESAMI Study Group, see the Appendix.
Global alteration in perfusion response to increasing oxygen consumption in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease.
Authors: G Sambuceti, P Marzullo, A Giorgetti, D Neglia, M Marzilli, P Salvadori, A L'Abbate, O Parodi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that, in coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial blood flow (MBF) regulation is abnormal in regions supplied by apparently normal coronary arteries. However, the relation between this alteration and MBF response to increasing metabolic demand has not been fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS MBF was assessed at baseline, during atrial pacing tachycardia, and after dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg IV over 4 minutes) in 9 normal subjects and in 24 patients with ischemia on effort, no myocardial infarction, and isolated left anterior descending (n = 19) or left circumflex (n = 5) coronary artery stenosis (&gt; or = 50% diameter narrowing). Perfusion of both poststenotic (S) and normally supplied (N) areas was measured off therapy by positron emission tomography and [13N]ammonia. Normal subjects and CAD patients showed similar rate-pressure products at baseline, during pacing, and after dipyridamole. In CAD patients, MBF was lower in S than in N territories at rest (0.68 +/- 0.14 versus 0.74 +/- 0.18 mL.min-1.g-1, respectively, P &lt; .05), during pacing (0.92 +/- 0.29 versus 1.16 +/- 0.40 mL.min-1.g-1, respectively, P &lt; .01), and after dipyridamole (1.18 +/- 0.34 versus 1.77 +/- 0.71 mL.min-1.g-1, respectively, P &lt; .01). However, normal subjects showed significantly higher values of MBF both at rest (0.92 +/- 0.13 mL.min-1.g-1, P &lt; .05 versus both S and N areas), during pacing tachycardia (1.95 +/- 0.64 mL.min-1.g-1, P &lt; .01 versus both S and N areas), and after dipyridamole (3.59 +/- 0.71 mL.min-1.g-1, P &lt; .01 versus both S and N areas). The percent change in flow was strictly correlated with the corresponding change in rate-pressure product in normal subjects (r = .85, P &lt; .01) but not in either S (r = .04, P = NS) or N regions (r = .08, P = NS) of CAD patients. CONCLUSIONS Besides epicardial stenosis, further factors may affect flow response to increasing metabolic demand and coronary reserve in patients with CAD.
Physicians' Knowledge and Attitudes About Suicide
Authors: Don A. Rockwell
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The practicing physician is the front line of defense against suicide. Most suicides consult physicians before their suicide, and an awareness of high risk populations and their methods might alert physicians so that prevention is possible. We sampled practicing physicians and found a mixture of knowledge and ignorance, but more important, a high level of expressed interest in improving knowledge and attitudes. The major errors in knowledge were in not knowing the population at greatest risk (86% of these physicians erred) and the most frequent single method used (82% of these physicians erred). Ninety-one percent of these physicians thought that their knowledge was insufficient and 70% were seriously interested in learning more. Clearly, graduate and postgraduate education are indicated. The best source of knowledge and of influence on attitudes according to these physicians were books and journals.
German medical schools respond to claim they have stored Namibian skulls from colonial times
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2008)

One of Berlin’s leading medical schools, Charite, has carried out a preliminary investigation into the source of skulls held in its archives, allegedly held there after killings by German soldiers a century ago. And another medical school, at the University of Freiburg, has said that it will repatriate any skulls it finds to have been unethically collected.

The allegations were made in an investigative news …
Altered Angiogenesis Underlying Age-Dependent Changes in Tumor Growth
Authors: R. Pili, Y. Guo, J. Chang, H. Nakanishi, G. R. Martin, A. Passaniti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Cancer incidence increases with age, but the growth and spread of tumors is often slow and prolonged in the elderly. Transplantable murine tumors grow and spread less readily in older mice and can be used as models to study the effect of host age. Neovascularization is crucial for the growth of solid tumors, and alterations in the host vascular response may underlie the changes in tumor growth occurring with age.We have used transplantable tumor cells and tumors, and tumor extracts, to better understand differences in the biology of tumor growth and vascularization as a function of host age.Englebreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma cells were injected into C57BL mice of different ages. Tumor growth, histology, and cellular DNA synthesis were compared. Vascularization was determined using basic fibroblast growth factor and an in vivo angiogenesis assay. EHS tumor extracts were assayed for biologic activity in vitro using human endothelial cells and in vivo using mouse EHS-BAM carcinoma and human TSU-Pr1 prostate carcinoma cells.EHS tumors formed larger tumors in young than in old C57BL mice. Rapid tumor growth resumed upon transfer of tumor tissue from old animals into young animals. The rate of DNA synthesis of tumor tissue from old animals in organ culture was lower than in tissue from young animals. Histologically, tumors grown in old animals exhibited a threefold higher ratio of extracellular matrix to tumor cells than those grown in young animals. Tumors from adult animals exhibited numerous small blood vessels; those from old animals contained fewer, much larger vessels. Similar results were observed in young mice fed a reduced-calorie diet. Young animals elicited a greater and more rapid angiogenic response than old animals. Extracts of tumors grown in old animals failed to support endothelial cell differentiation in culture. Tumor cells injected together with such old extracts showed reduced tumor growth in nude mice.The rate of growth and morphology of the EHS tumor were altered with age, partly due to a reduced capacity to vascularize the tumors because of a lack of angiogenic factors or the presence of host inhibitors.Alterations in host factors detected in this tumor model may underlie a variety of age-dependent changes that could influence tumor growth and the repair and regeneration of normal tissue. Reducing the vascularization of tumors represents a potential target to reduce their growth and progression.
Unwillingly to school.
Authors: J A Davis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<b>Background:</b> Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(<i>HER2</i>) is one of the driver mutations of lung cancer. This is a rare somatic mutation, 12-bp duplicated insertion is observed the most frequently. It has been reported that anti-HER2 drugs are effective for mutant cases, suggesting the importance of <i>HER2</i> mutation analysis. Sanger method is not appropriate to detect very low frequency of genetic mutation due to low sensitivity. In contrast, next generation sequencer (NGS) has much higher sensitivity. However, it needs highly specialized equipment, experts and a lot of time to analyze data. We have developed a novel assay using Eprobe-mediated PCR (Eprobe-PCR). This probe is a hybridization-dependent fluorescent oligonucleotide. We evaluated feasibility of Eprobe-PCR for <i>HER2</i> mutation detection by comparing with Sanger and NGS data. <b>Methods:</b> We applied genomic DNA from 405 frozen samples of ADC to real-time PCR and melting curve analysis with Eprobe for identification of the 12-bp duplicated insertion. The PCR products<i></i> were analyzed by Sanger capillary sequencing and HiSeq2500 NGS. From NGS data, we calculated mutation ratio in each specimen. <b>Results:</b> Eprobe-PCR detected the mutation in 2.47%(10/405), Sanger in 1.98%(8/405), NGS in 3.46%(14/405). According to the NGS results, Eprobe-PCR was able to detect it in the samples that mutation ratio is not less than 1%. There were no false positive results. This method has adequate-sensitivity for determination of <i>HER2</i>-insertion mutation within 2 hours from preparation of reaction mix. <b>Conclusions:</b> Eprobe-PCR is simple, rapid and highly sensitive. This can lead to be more appropriate molecular targeted therapy for <i>HER2</i> mutation in lung cancer.
Bone Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Michael A. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1981)

With the passing of Drs Jaffe and Lichtenstein from the forefront of bone pathology, Dr Mirra, among others, attempts to continue their tradition of excellence with the publication of a book on the diagnosis and treatment of bone tumors. The book is well organized and has excellent illustrations. The organization is based on the pathological assessment of the main tumor component: osteoid, chondroid, fibrous tissue, giant cells, round cells, and epithelial cells. Unique to this book is a chapter using sophisticated differential diagnostic tables based on the main pathological component to aid pathologists in formulating a reasonable differential diagnosis. The author stresses difficult areas of differential diagnosis that could lead to confusion and misdiagnosis, sometimes to the detriment of other more "classic" or common entities. He also includes discussions of nonneoplastic conditions of bone that often mimic tumors. The author occasionally spends too much of the text on entities of
Peyronie&amp;rsquo;s Disease: Prevalence and Association with Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Giuseppe La Pera, Edoardo S. Pescatori, Massimo Calabrese, Alessandro Boffini, Fulvio Colombo, Egidio Andriani, Alessandro Natali, Lodovico Vaggi, Costanzo Catuogno, Marco Giustini, Franco Taggi
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Management after spontaneous miscarriage.
Authors: M J Turner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the figures provided we calculated that the specificity of the sign of rectal tenderness to the right in this group of patients was 72%.This is higher than the specificities of the three commonest other abdominal findings related to final diagnosis -namely, tenderness in the right lower quadrant (specificty= 17%), guarding (58%), and rebound tenderness (62%).Abdominal rigidity has a specificity of 98% but is present in only 6% of the sample, thereby limiting its usefulness.Our third point arises from the authors' state- ment that in patients with pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen "rectal examination... should not be part of the examination performed by a general practitioner before referral to hospital."This statement may be true for routine rectal examinations, but we do not think that it is possible to extrapolate the findings of this hospital based study to arrive at such a dogmatic statement on how general practitioners should be assessing their patients.Patients with abdominal pain seen by their general practitioners are assessed in more ways than the ones mentioned in this paper, and the incidence of appendicitis will be much lower than in this paper.For example, in 1988 in our practice ofabout 7000 patients we saw 474 patients with a new problem of abdominal pain and six patients with appendicitis.The patients referred to hospital by their general practitioners had an incidence of appendicitis of 37%, and whether rectal examination played a part in obtaining this high incidence are the logical next areas to be investigated.Any studies assessing the value of symptoms or signs need to take into account that doctors seeing early undifferentiated disease may use the same symptoms and signs in different ways from doctors seeing an already filtered population.
Nasal metachromatic cells in infancy in relation to the appearance of atopic disease during the first 6 years of life
Authors: M. P. Borres, K. Irander, B. Björkstén
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The relationship between the appearance of nasal metachromatic cells (basophils and mast cells) during the first 18 months of life and the development of respiratory and other allergic diseases up to 6 years of age was studied prospectively in 67 children. Follow‐up was done at 3, 6, 9, and 18 months and 6 years. Of the 31 children who had detectable metachromatic cells in the nasal mucosa during infancy, 18 had atopic manifestations at 6 years (58%), two were probably atopic (6%), and 11 (36%) were nonatopic. The corresponding numbers for the 33 children without detectable metachromatic cells during infancy were 10 atopic (30%), two probably atopic (6%), and 21 nonatopic (64%) at 6 years (P&lt;0.05). Children having detectable nasal metachromatic cells at every examination were more often allergic than children with no detectable cells at any time during the 6‐year follow‐up period (P&lt;0.05). In contrast, nasal metachromatic cells were equally commonly demonstrated at 6 years in children with and without current atopic manifestations. We conclude that metachromatic cells appear at an earlier age in the nasal mucosa of atopic than nonatopic infants. The observation further supports the existence of a primary immunologic abnormality in atopic patients as related to allergic inflammatory responses. The diagnostic efficacy of this marker was too low, however, to be clinically useful as a predictor of allergy.
The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals Regarding the Relevance of TNM in the Pathologic Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Forthcoming (Seventh) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer
Authors: Eric Vallières, Frances A. Shepherd, John Crowley, Paul Van Houtte, Pieter E. Postmus, Desmond Carney, Kari Chansky, Zeba Shaikh, Peter Goldstraw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
THE ANEMIA OF THERMAL INJURY. I. STUDIES OF PIGMENT EXCRETION 12
Authors: G. Watson James, Oliver J. Purnell, Everett I. Evans, Vivian Wilkerson, Anne Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1951)

Our interest in the metabolism of hemoglobin in patients with thermal injury was stimulated by early observations that (a) in spite of multiple whole blood transfusions anemia often developed rapidly in the first 96 hours after injury, and (b) in the protracted convalescence of a patient with only a small burn, moderate anemia inevitably ensued.The latter was exceptionally refractory to all except replacement therapy.With these two facts in mind we have undertaken our present study of the burn patient in an attempt to answer the following questions: ( 1) to what extent does hemolysis occur, and ( 2) what information about the anemia of the protracted convalescent stage might a continuous investigation of heme metabo- lism give us?Previous work on the same general problem has already been presented by Moore, Peacock, Blakeley, and Cope (1), who demonstrated an increased excretion of urobilinogen in the urine of four pa- tients and an increased excretion in the feces in one patient.Similarly, the British workers, An- derson and Semeonoff (2), described increased excretion of urinary urobilinogen.Others have pointed out the potentiality of increased osmotic fragility and plasma hemolysis (3, 4) early in the post-burn period as well as agglutination and "sludging" of the red cells (5) in the peripheral circulation removed from the site of the injury.
Acute Myopathy Associated With Influenza A/Texas/1/77 Infection
Authors: Harold A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Influenza A/Texas/1/77 was isolated from a muscle biopsy specimen from a patient with muscle weakness and increased serum creatine phosphokinase level. The patient was seen during an outbreak of influenza A/Texas/1/77 that was associated with myopathy. Isolation of this virus from this patient's muscle specimen suggests that the myopathy associated with influenza may be due to direct infection of skeletal muscle. (<i>JAMA</i>243:461-462, 1980)
Ruptured Papillary Muscle Following Myocardial Infarction with Long Survival
Authors: GERALD M. BRENEMAN, ELLET H. DRAKE
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Two cases of rupture of a papillary muscle of the left ventricle are presented. We believe that these are the two longest recorded survivals of this complication of acute myocardial infarction. A presumptive clinical diagnosis is possible from the characteristic history of sudden deterioration together with the development of a loud apical systolic murmur. The differential diagnosis and the possibility of corrective surgery in a patient who survives the acute event are discussed.
MECHANISM OF ENHANCED MIGRATION OF CARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLS BY BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS: INSIGHTS FROM GENE EXPRESSION AND SECRETARY CYTOKINES
Authors: Chiaki Nakanishi, Shu Takabatake, Hayato Tada, Toshinari Tubokawa, Masaaki Kawashiri, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Nebulous Imaging
Authors: Paolo Angelini, Scott Flamm
Journal: Circulation (2004)

To the Editor:We read with some concern the report by Li et al 1 referring to electron beam angiography of anomalous coronary arteries.Two pictures are presented of a case diagnosed as anomalous origin of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) "from the pulmonary artery" and of the circumflex (Cx) "from the right coronary artery."We appreciated the colorful images (even though the blue aorta would have appeared better in red), but could not refrain from noticing the following.
CULTIVATION OF ADULT TISSUES AND ORGANS OUTSIDE OF THE BODY
Authors: ALEXIS CARREL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The solution of many problems of human pathology depends, in a large measure, on the finding of the still unknown physiologic laws of generation, growth and evolution of cells. We must, therefore, develop new methods which permit the discovery of these laws. A few weeks ago, we began to investigate systematically one of these future methods, namely, the cultivation of adult tissues outside of the body. The starting point of our researches was the beautiful work of Harrison on the embryonic tissues of the frog. Some years ago, Harrison observed the development of nerves from the central nervous system of frog embryos cultivated in a drop of lymph. In 1910, Burrows studying with Harrison improved very much this method and adapted it to embryonal tissues of warm-blooded animals. He succeeded in cultivating nerves and mesenchymatous cells of sixty-hour chick embryos. Then, at the Rockefeller institute, we tried to develop on
More health professionals for rural India
Authors: Soumya Shivkumar
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Detecting all workplace asymptomatic COVID-19 virus spreaders would require daily testing of employees, which is not practical. Over a two week period, nine workplace locations were chosen to test employees for SARS-CoV-2 infection (841 tests) and high-frequency-touch point environmental surfaces (5,500 tests) for Coronavirus using Eurofins COVID-19 Sentinel<sup>™</sup> RT-PCR methods. Of the 9 locations, 3 had one or employees infected with SARS-CoV-2, neither of whom had symptoms at the time of testing nor developed symptoms. Locations with Coronavirus contaminated surfaces were 10 times more likely to have clinically positive employees than locations with no or very few positive surfaces. Break room chairs, workbenches, and door handles were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Coronavirus RNA was detected at very low concentrations (RT-PCR 34 to 38 C<sub>q</sub>). Environmental monitoring can be used to validate intervention strategies and be useful to verify the effectiveness of such strategies on a regular basis.
Gastric Feeding As a New Treatment for Cardiospasm
Authors: MOSES EINHORN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 May 1930Gastric Feeding As a New Treatment for CardiospasmMOSES EINHORN, M.D.MOSES EINHORN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-11-1143 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI delayed the announcement of my new treatment of cardiospasm for the purpose of convincing myself of its beneficial results. During the past few years, I have treated a number of patients suffering with cardiospasm, and a follow-up of the cases revealed that there had been no recurrences. Recently, I have had occasion to treat a few additional patients, with the most satisfactory results, and I am consequently presenting the treatment to the medical profession, in order that they may apply same to their individual practice.Although I have made an extensive survey of the literature on cardiospasm, up to...1 EINHORN M: New Conception of the Mechanism of Cardiospasm (to be published). Google Scholar2 EINHORN M: A New Tip for Gastroduodenal Tubes, J.A.M.A., 1926, Vol. 86, pp. 1615-1616. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MOSES EINHORN, M.D.Affiliations: New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiospasmA New Esophageal and Cardiospasm DilatorMOSES EINHORN, M.D. 1 May 1930Volume 3, Issue 11Page: 1143-1146KeywordsCardiospasm ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...