tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Contraceptives and Malignant Melanoma
Authors: W. C. Ellerbroek
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A recent case suggests a possible relationship between the administration of oral contraceptives and the development of a malignant melanoma. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 25-year-old married woman was first seen on Jan 2, 1968, complaining of indigestion, nervousness, and weight loss from 98 to 89 lb. The patient was 5 feet 3 inches tall and nulliparous. Complete examination revealed little other than mild acne vulgaris and moderately underdeveloped internal genitalia. She had a history of considerable marital difficulty and had much anxiety over her husband's desire that she become pregnant "to solve their problems." The patient was treated with four injections of nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin), and on Jan 18, the weight had increased to 95 lbs. Symptoms markedly improved with administration of a prochlorperazine and isopropamide mixture (Combid) twice a day, and small doses of hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Atarax) in liquid form whenever necessary. After discussion and
Treatment of the Advanced Disease
Authors: J. Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Trials recently established by the International Union Against Cancer is a welcome move. 7 Quite correctly most of the clinical trials in progress arc comparing methods which include treatment of the whole breast and the regional lymph nodes.We are now entering an era when serious consideration is being given to the set- ting up of trials in which one group of patients will have no primary treatment to the regional nodes even if they are thought to be involved clinically.Participation in such an investigation must to a certain extent be a matter of individual conviction and conscience, and my own personal opinion is that such a trial would be premature.We cannot ignore the fact that many women with early involvement of the axillary lymph nodes are cured of the disease only by primary treatment to the whole of the diseased region.Treatment of the patient in this category must be based on the expectation of cure.Equally we have to concede that to this day we remain undecided over the methods of treating the whole region and perhaps this should be settled before unorthodox methods are introduced.The real hope for the immediate future must lie in ouability to diagnose cancer of the breast much earlier than hitherto, so that we may treat an ever increasing proportion of patients with genuinely localized disease.Treatment of the Advanced Disease
Late Recurrence (Beyond Ten Years) of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Howard K. Koh
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Two patients experienced a recurrence of cutaneous malignant melanoma more than ten years after initial diagnosis, treatment, and presumed cure. A review of the literature shows that delayed metastases (more than ten years) have been clearly documented in only seven previous patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. With the rising incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma, physicians may begin to see more cases of late recurrence in patients with a history of presumably cured disease. Although uncommon, late recurrence has important implications in the long-term management of all patients with malignant melanoma. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1859-1862)
Benefits of EU-India free trade agreement
Authors: B. Ager
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Love repeats many myths surrounding the free trade agreement (FTA) and ignores the benefits to India from balanced provisions for intellectual property.1 He says that negotiations are being conducted “in secrecy,” but then criticises their alleged content. He offers hyperbole and straw men: “The EU has asked India to sacrifice access to life saving drugs …
Mechanisms of immune-mediated myocyte injury.
Authors: W H Barry
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Much progress has been made in defining the mechanisms by which altered systolic and diastolic function of the heart may be produced by components of the immune system activated during allograft rejection and myocarditis and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. It is clear that injury of the vascular bed can occur via both humoral and cellular mediators and probably accounts for the acute alterations in ventricular compliance that occur during allograft rejection, as well as the accelerated development of graft atherosclerosis. Altered myocyte function and lysis can be produced by CTL in vitro, but the importance of this injury process in vivo remains uncertain. Other cells present in the inflammatory infiltrate can also affect myocyte function and survival. Neutrophils may cause lysis of myocytes, and cytokines produced by infiltrating macrophages and HtL may reach a sufficient concentration in the interstitial microenvironment to decrease myocyte catecholamine responsiveness and/or directly depress myocyte contractility. Humoral antibodies to myocyte cell surface antigens may cause cell damage by an antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell mechanism or by directly binding to and altering sarcolemmal receptor and/or ion channel function. Further elucidation of the extent of involvement of these different mechanisms in specific clinical settings may provide a basis for improved therapy of immune-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction.
THE ADVANTAGES OF VAGINO-ABDOMINAL SECTION.
Authors: THOMAS H. HAWKINS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

My work in pelvic and abdominal surgery has not been entirely satisfactory. In a very large proportion of operations for the removal of abscessed tubes and ovaries, and in a smaller percentage of other pelvic operations requiring celiotomy, I have deemed it necessary to resort to drainage, and in many instances to quite extensive packing with iodoform or sterilized gauze. So far as concerns sepsis and hemorrhage the results have been exceptionally good, the mortality being reduced to about 4 per cent. In certain cases, however, I have had considerable difficulty with fistulous openings that were a source of annoyance and anxiety, both to myself and my patients. Some of these fistulæ closed within a few months after the operation, others in several years, and a few are not yet filled up completely. Ventral hernia has occurred in my practice in about 12 per cent. of cases where the gauze
Chronic myelogenous leukemia blast cell proliferation is inhibited by peptides that disrupt Grb2-SoS complexes
Authors: Christian Kardinal, Birgit Konkol, Hui Lin, Manfred Eulitz, Enrico K. Schmidt, Zeev Estrov, Moshe Talpaz, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Stephan M. Feller
Journal: Blood (2001)
The Rational Basis for Tuberculin Therapy
Authors: F. M. Pottenger
Journal: BMJ (1927)

How far we miay safely go, how nearly we may venture to approaclh totality of extirpation of anl aeromiegalic adenoma, tinme anid experience only wvill tell.We know fromn cliniical experienice, jutst as we have learned froml the caniine experiments of Caiiius and Roussy, of Bailev anid Bremer, arid from the experiences of Smith with thel rat, that serious Consequences enislie upon damage tu the hlypothalamic centre.It is a region.to be slhluinned lest diahetes inisipidus, excessive adiposity, aind even a fatal caclhexia supervene.It is for this reason that operations REFERENC,s.
Rochalimaea henselae infection. A new zoonosis with the domestic cat as reservoir
Authors: J. E. Koehler
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the reservoir and vector(s) for<i>Rochalimaea henselae</i>, a causative agent of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and cat scratch disease, and to estimate the percentage of domestic cats with<i>R henselae</i>bacteremia in the Greater San Francisco Bay Region of Northern California. <h3>Design.</h3> —Hospital-based survey of patients diagnosed with BA who also had significant exposure to at least one pet cat, as well as a convenience sampling of pet or impounded cats for prevalence of<i>Rochalimaea</i>bacteremia. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Community and university hospitals and clinics; veterinary clinics treating privately owned or impounded cats. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, with biopsy-confirmed BA, who had prolonged exposure to pet cats prior to developing BA. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Cultures and laboratory studies were performed on blood drawn from pet cats associated with patients with BA. The<i>Rochalimaea</i>species infecting pet cats and fleas and causing the BA lesions in human contacts of these cats was identified by culture, polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and DNA sequencing. The presence of<i>R henselae</i>bacteremia in pet cats was documented, and predictor variables for culture positivity were evaluated. <h3>Results.</h3> —Four patients diagnosed with BA who had prolonged contact with seven pet cats were identified. The<i>Rochalimaea</i>species causing BA lesions in these patients was determined to be<i>R henselae</i>. The seven pet cats were found to be bacteremic with<i>R henselae</i>; this bacterium was also detected in fleas taken from an infected cat by both direct culture and polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples were cultured from pet and impounded cats (N=61) in the Greater San Francisco Bay Region, and<i>R henselae</i>was isolated from 41% (25/61) of these cats. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —We have documented that the domestic cat serves as a major persistent reservoir for<i>R henselae</i>, with prolonged, asymptomatic bacteremia from which humans, especially the immunocompromised, may acquire potentially serious infections. Antibiotic treatment of infected cats and control of flea infestation are potential strategies for decreasing human exposure to<i>R henselae</i>. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:531-535)
Peripheral T lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients recognize determinants on light chains and/or Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G.
Authors: N Radoiu, R P Cleveland, M A Leon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 29 of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis incorporated significant quantities of thymidine when cultured with pooled human immunoglobulin G (IgG). In contrast to the observation of general reactivity to pooled Igg, responses to pooled IgM were rare (3 of 26 patients). None of 11 controls responded to either IgG or IgM. Response to IgG is maximal on day 6 of culture and is dependent on concentration of IgG. The responding cells recognize determinants on monoclonal light chains and/or Fab fragments. Response to light chains follows one of three patterns: preferential response to lambda chains, preferential response to kappa chains, and essentially equal response to either kappa of lambda chains.
Rooting the Tree of Life Using Nonubiquitous Genes
Authors: James A. Lake, Craig W. Herbold, Maria C. Rivera, Jacqueline A. Servin, Ryan G. Skophammer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Insertion and deletion (indel)–based analyses have great potential for rooting the tree of life, but their use has been limited because they require ubiquitous sequences that have not been horizontally/laterally transferred. Very few such sequences exist. Here we describe and demonstrate a new algorithm that can use nonubiquitous sequences for rooting. This algorithm, top–down indel rooting, uses the traditional logical framework of indel rooting, but by considering gene gains and losses in addition to indel gains and losses, it is able to analyze incomplete data sets. The method is demonstrated using theoretical examples and incomplete gene sets. In particular, it is applied to the well-studied Hsp70/MreB indel, a sequence set thought to have been compromised by gene transfers from Firmicutes to archaebacteria. By sequentially assigning all observable character states, including gene absences, to the questionable archaebacterial Hsp70 and MreB sequences, we demonstrate that this gene set robustly excludes the root of the tree of life from the Gram-negative, double-membrane prokaryotes independently of the archaeal character states. There are very few ubiquitous paralog gene sets, and most of them contain compromised data. The ability of top–down rooting to use incomplete and/or compromised gene sets promises to make rooting analyses more robust and to greatly increase the number of useful indel sets.
THE EFFECT WHICH THE SO-CALLED CATARRHAL DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND THROAT MAY HAVE UPON THE GENERAL HEALTH.
Authors: CAROLUS M. COBB
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Myself when young did eagerly frequent Doctor and saint, and heard great argument About it, and about; but evermore Came out by the same door wherein I went. Thus sings that old cynic Omar Khayyam, and Omar's criticism of theologic discussions applies with more or less force to medicine. It is so much easier to accept an explanation already made, than to think about the reason for ourselves, that what argument we hold is likely to be about the details or variations of already existing theories, without much inquiry whether they may be right or wrong. The explanation of any local disease which we do not thoroughly understand, and therefore fail to treat successfully, is simplicity itself. We say, with many variations of the wording perhaps, that it depends on the state of the general health. This explanation is very satisfactory to the patients and their friends, and it saves
217 ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE IMAGING (ARFI) AS A NEW METHOD OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ELASTOGRAPHY ALLOWS ACCURATE AND FLEXIBLE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER STIFFNESS
Authors: K. Rifai, M.J. Bahr, I. Mederacke, H. Bantel, D. Bayer, B. Boozari, H. Wedemeyer, M.P. Manns, M. Gebel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection by Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin After Marrow Transplantation
Authors: JOEL D. MEYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

In an effort to prevent cytomegalovirus infection among seronegative patients having marrow transplants, a globulin with high antibody levels against cytomegalovirus was given before and for 11 weeks after transplantation in a randomized trial. Among 36 patients who received no prophylactic granulocyte transfusions, globulin recipients had significantly fewer infections than controls (2 of 17 versus 8 of 19, p = 0.05 by Fisher's exact test and p = 0.03 by Mantel-Cox test). Conversely, infection rates were high and unchanged by globulin use among patients who received granulocytes from seropositive donors (7 of 8 recipients versus 6 of 7 controls). The lack of effect of the globulin among patients receiving transfusions of granulocytes from seropositive donors may suggest that the dose of antibody was insufficient or that antibody is ineffective against virus transmitted in granulocytes. We conclude that cytomegalovirus infection can be prevented by immunoprophylaxis in seronegative patients having marrow transplants who are not given granulocyte transfusions.
ARE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IN-HOSPITAL AND LONG-TERM MORTALITY DIFFERENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE TYPE A AORTIC DISSECTION?
Authors: Venu Gourineni, Rahul M. Mehta, Elise Woznicki, Daniel Montgomery, Nicole Corriveau, James B. Froehlich, Truls Myrmel, Udo Sechtem, Eric Isselbacher, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Helen Mary McGregor McNie
Authors: Lesley Baker
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Greenwich Hospital, London (b Crookham 1934; q Royal Free Hospital, London, 1959), d 16 June 2004.

Helen spent her early years in India, coming home during the second world war. After qualifying she trained at The Jessop Hospital for Women in Sheffield and worked in Sheffield and Taunton before returning to the Royal Free as a senior registrar. She became a consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology at Greenwich in 1974. Helen had many interests outside medicine—in particular architecture, art, gardening, and, after retirement, carpentry. She retired at 60, having broken her hip, and in the following years became increasingly incapacitated by multiple systems atrophy.
Evidence for Two Tissue-specific Pathways for In Vivo Thyroxine 5′-Deiodination in the Rat
Authors: J. Enrique Silva, Jack L. Leonard, Frank R. Crantz, P. Reed Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a well known inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion as evidenced by its effect in several in vitro systems and by the decrease in serum T3 caused by this drug in either rats or man receiving T4 replacement. However, the failure of PTU to decrease the intrapituitary T3 concentration and to completely blunt the serum T3 concentration in T4-replaced athyreotic rats suggest that there may be a PTU-insensitive pathway of T4 to T3 conversion in some tissues. To address this question, we have studied the in vivo effect of PTU treatment on the generation of [125I]T3 from [125I]T4 in the serum and cerebral cortex (Cx), cerebellum (Cm), liver (L), and anterior pituitary (P) of euthyroid rats. Whereas PTU decreased the concentration of [125I]T3 in the serum, L homogenates, and L nuclei after [125I]T4, it did not affect the concentration of [125I]T3 in homogenates or nuclei of Cx, Cm, or P. Iopanoic acid pretreatment significantly reduced the [125I]T3 concentration in serum, homogenates, and cell nuclei of all these organs. Neither agent affected the metabolism or tissue distribution of simultaneously injected [131I]T3. The presence of PTU in these tissues was evaluated by in vitro assessment of iodothyronine 5′-deiodinating activity using both [125I]rT3 and [125I]T4 as substrates. In agreement with the in vivo findings, generation of [125I]T3 from T4 in vitro was not affected by PTU in Cx, Cm, P but it was inhibited by 76% in L. However, rT3 5′-deiodination, known to be sensitive to PTU in these tissues, was inhibited in all four indicating that the PTU given in vivo was present in significant amounts. These results demonstrate that in rat Cx, Cm, and P unlike liver, PTU does not inhibit T4 to T3 conversion in vivo despite the presence of the drug in the tissues in amounts that significantly inhibit reverse T3 5′-deiodination. These results show that in vivo 5′-deiodination of T4 proceeds via a PTU-insensitive pathway in the central nervous system and pituitary, while this pathway is not quantitatively important in the L. This mechanism accounts for the “locally generated” T3 in central nervous system and pituitary and could also provide the approximately one-third of extrathyroidally produced T3 not blocked by PTU administration in athyreotic T4-replaced rat.
Are Protected Environments Necessary for Recipients of Bone Marrow Transplants?
Authors: Sewa S. Legha
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 July 1994Are Protected Environments Necessary for Recipients of Bone Marrow Transplants?Sewa S. Legha, MDSewa S. Legha, MDThe University of Texas; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-1-199407010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Rowe and associates [1] recently provided guidelines for managing patients who have received autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for cancer. Although they covered most of the common problems, they did not comment on the preventive aspects of the common infectious complications. Protected environments with laminar air-flow facilities or air filtration devices have been used for several years. Can myeloablative therapy be delivered in a regular ward setting without requiring a special isolation unit or provision for protected environment? Could the authors provide the pros and cons of the need for “sterile” environment and of the value ...REFERENCE1. Rowe JM, Ciobanu N, Ascensao J, Stadtmauer EA, Weiner RS, Schenkein DP, et al. Recommended guidelines for the management of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a report from the Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group (ECOG). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:143-58. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Texas; M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByInfection Control Issues After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 1 July 1994Volume 121, Issue 1Page: 76KeywordsBone marrowBone marrow transplantationCancer chemotherapyHematology and oncologyHigh-dose chemotherapy Issue Published: 1 July 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Monitored and Post-Exercise Two-Step Test
Authors: Arthur M. Master, I. Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Silent coronary artery disease presents a problem of great magnitude, affecting an estimated 2 million persons or more yearly. The Master  test is of great value in the detection of such asymptomatic, ischemic heart disease. On the basis of long-term studies in 800 patients, it was substantiated that a negative twostep test virtually excludes significant myocardial ischemia. The response may be considered positive when ischemic depression of the RS-T segment occurs, or when a j-type RS-T depression is characterized by both a prolonged systole (QT ratio abnormal) and a duration prolonged in relation to this systole (QX/QT abnormal). The experienced physician can usually interpret these electrocardiographic changes by visual inspection. Monitoring of the two-step test has research potential, but at present is not as sensitive as the post-exercise electrocardiogram.
Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H Mussalo-Rauhamaa, Y T Konttinen, J Lehto, V Honkanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Zinc and copper have important effects on T cell mediated immunity and on neutrophil function, but it is not known how the causes or effects, of low serum zinc and high serum copper relate to the clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study serum zinc and copper determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and 30 other clinical, immunological, and laboratory parameters in 60 patients with RA were analysed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Joint score index, rheumatoid factor titre, seropositivity, haemoglobin, and C reactive protein (CRP) were among the nine independent variables which together predicted 73% of the serum zinc variation. This suggests that there is an association between the immune-inflammatory rheumatoid process and the serum zinc concentration. CRP alone had only a 3% independent predicting value for serum zinc, however. This suggests that metallothionein mediated sequestration in the liver, induced by interleukin 1, is not an important explanatory factor in a cross sectional study of chronic inflammation. Furthermore, serum zinc did not have any predictive value at all for serum copper concentration. This does not support the hypothesis suggesting that serum zinc deficiency leads to high serum copper by inducing gastrointestinal metallothionein and high caeruloplasmin.
'Total Care'-Reply
Authors: Kevin M. Kindelan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  An implied theme of our article was that the concerns, feelings, and needs that are significant to a patient ought to become important to the treatment team. Reverend Wright has raised an important consideration. Spiritual-religious concerns as a result of a spinal cord injury could be expected and ought to be considered as part of a holistic treatment approach.  We hope that readers of our article and these letters will become more aware of the multitude of needs and feelings of a person with a spinal cord injury and how a treatment team can work together to meet those needs.
PREDICTORS OF THERAPY-RELATED CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF) FOLLOWING HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION (HCT)
Authors: Saro Armenian, Can-Lan Sun, George Mills, Tabitha Shannon, Liton Francisco, F. Lennie Wong, Jean-Bernard Durand, Stephen Forman, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)