tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing from Imperial to Metric
Authors: R. E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Within animals a positive correlation between genome size and body size has been detected in several taxa but not in others, such that it remains unknown how pervasive this pattern may be. Here we provide another example of a positive relationship, in a group of crustaceans whose genome sizes have not previously been investigated. We analyze genome size estimates for 46 species across Class Ostracoda, including 29 new estimates made using Feulgen image analysis densitometry and flow cytometry. Genome sizes in this group range ~80-fold, a level of variability that is otherwise not seen in crustaceans with the exception of some malacostracan orders. We find a strong positive correlation between genome size and body size across all species, including after phylogenetic correction. We additionally detect evidence of XX/XO sex determination in all three species of myodocopids where male and female genome sizes were estimated. On average, genome sizes are larger but less variable in myodocopids than in podocopids, and marine ostracods have larger genomes than freshwater species, but this appears to be explained by phylogenetic inertia. The relationship between phylogeny, genome size, body size, and habitat is complex in this system, and will benefit from additional data collection across various habitats and ostracod taxa.
Dysphagia Caused by Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Authors: F. M. Sanai, A. E. Mohamed, M. A. Karawi
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Among the various types of dysphagia, cervical dysphagia is one of the rarer ones, although differences exist over the actual incidence of esophageal webs in relation to symptoms of dysphagia [1]. Plummer-Vinson syndrome comprises the triad of cervical dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia, and postcricoid esophageal web. Dysphagia and even webs are relatively common occurrences in isolation, but the complete triad of the Plummer-Vinson syndrome is a rare occurrence [1] [2] .
Selective CDK4/6 inhibition with tumor responses by PD0332991 in patients with mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: John P. Leonard, Ann S. LaCasce, Mitchell R. Smith, Ariela Noy, Lucian R. Chirieac, Scott J. Rodig, Jian Q. Yu, Shankar Vallabhajosula, Heiko Schoder, Patricia English, Donna S. Neuberg, Peter Martin, Michael M. Millenson, Scott A. Ely, Rachel Courtney, Naveed Shaik, Keith D. Wilner, Sophia Randolph, Annick D. Van den Abbeele, Selina Y. Chen-Kiang, Jeffrey T. Yap, Geoffrey I. Shapiro
Journal: Blood (2012)
Who Will Train All Those Primary-Care Physicians?
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Left pretty much to itself over the past few decades, medical practice in this country has become progressively more specialized. Just before World War II, some three quarters of the aggregate practice time of physicians in the United States was devoted to primary care. Today, that figure has been drastically reduced. American doctors now probably spend at least two thirds of their total clinical time in specialty practice.Is all this specialization good or bad? In a sense, both. Good, because the rise of specialization reflects the development of medical science, which has brought increased power to diagnose, treat . . .
Digestibility and bulking effect of ispaghula husks in healthy humans.
Authors: P Marteau, B Flourie, C Cherbut, J L Correze, P Pellier, J Seylaz, J C Rambaud
Journal: Gut (1994)

The digestibility of ispaghula, a mucilage from Plantago ovata composed mainly of arabinoxylans, and its faecal bulking effect were studied in seven healthy volunteers who ingested a low fibre controlled diet plus either placebo or 18 g/day of ispaghula for two 15 day periods. Whole gut transit time and gas excretion in breath and flatus were not different during the periods of ispaghula and placebo ingestion. Faecal wet and dry weights rose significantly, however, during ispaghula ingestion. Faecal short chain fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportions of propionic and acetic acids also increased. Most of the ispaghula had reached the caecum four hours after ingestion in an intact highly polymerised form. During ispaghula ingestion, the increase in the faecal output of neutral sugars was accounted for by the faecal excretion of arabinose and xylose in an intact highly polymerised form; the apparent digestibilities of these sugars were 24 (11) and 53% (6) respectively (mean (SEM)). In conclusion, ispaghula is more resistant to fermentation than previously reported in humans, and its bulking effect largely results from intact material.
Baltimore Medical College—A Correction.
Authors: David Streett
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Baltimore, March 28, 1894. <h3>To the Editor</h3> :—In your issue of theJournalof March 17, 1894,I observe in your editorial, p. 394, you state the Baltimore Medical College is a two-year school,<i>i. e.</i>, graduates students after attendance upon a two-year course of lectures. This school<i>is</i>and<i>has</i>been a member of theAmerican Medical Associationsince its organization in Nashville four years ago. Its name will be found among the schools primarily suggesting a convention for the three-year movement. The American Medical College Association permits all students who matriculated prior to July 1,1892,to apply for graduation at the end of two courses of lectures. The only students therefore that can possibly apply for graduation at end of second course in any school, a member of the Association, are those who so matriculated. All other<i>must</i>be and<i>are</i>pursuing a three-year graded course. Our school is a
Medicaid Payment Levels to Dentists and Access to Dental Care Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sandra L. Decker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Although Medicaid removes most financial barriers to receipt of dental care among children and adolescents, Medicaid recipients may not be able to access dental care if dentists decline to participate in Medicaid because of low payment levels or other reasons.To describe the association between state Medicaid dental fees in 2 years (2000 and 2008) and children's receipt of dental care.Data on Medicaid dental fees in 2000 and 2008 for 42 states plus the District of Columbia were merged with data from 33,657 children and adolescents (aged 2-17 years) in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the years 2000-2001 and 2008-2009. Logit models were used to estimate the probability that children and adolescents had seen a dentist in the past 6 months as a function of the Medicaid prophylaxis fee and control variables including age group, race, poverty status, and state and year effects. The effect of fees on children with Medicaid relative to a control group, privately insured counterparts, served to separate Medicaid's effect on access to care from any correlation between the Medicaid fee or changes in fees by state and other attributes of states.Whether a child or adolescent had seen a dentist in the past 6 months.On average, Medicaid dental payment levels did not change significantly in inflation-adjusted terms between 2000 and 2008, although a difference existed for some states, including in 5 states plus the District of Columbia, where payments increased at least 50%. In 2008-2009, more children and adolescents covered by Medicaid (55%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 53%-57%) had seen a dentist in the past 6 months than did uninsured children (27%, 95% CI, 24%-30%), but fewer than children covered by private insurance (68%, 95% CI, 67%-70%). Changes in state Medicaid dental payment fees between 2000 and 2008 were positively associated with use of dental care among children and adolescents covered by Medicaid. For example, a $10 increase in the Medicaid prophylaxis payment level (from $20 to $30) was associated with a 3.92 percentage point (95% CI, 0.54-7.50) increase in the chance that a child or adolescent covered by Medicaid had seen a dentist.Higher Medicaid payment levels to dentists were associated with higher rates of receipt of dental care among children and adolescents.
Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients
Authors: Yao-Chun Hsu, Jaw-Town Lin, Hsiu J. Ho, Yu-Hsi Kao, Yen-Tsung Huang, Nai-Wan Hsiao, Ming-Shiang Wu, Yi-Ya Liu, Chun-Ying Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is causally associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate whether antiviral therapy for HCV infection was associated with improved clinical outcomes related to diabetes. From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 2,267,270 Taiwanese residents diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were screened for eligibility. HCV infection was defined by a specific diagnosis code and measurement of serum antibody. After excluding patients with serious comorbidity, we enrolled a total of 1,411 eligible patients who received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (treated cohort), and matched them 1:1 with 1,411 untreated controls by propensity scores (untreated cohort). We also matched the treated cohort 1:4 with 5,644 diabetic patients without HCV infection (uninfected cohort). Participants were followed up for the occurrence of endstage renal disease (ESRD), ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after receiving antiviral treatment or the corresponding calendar date. From 2003 to 2011, the 8-year cumulative incidences of ESRD in the treated, untreated, and uninfected cohorts were 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-2.0%), 9.3% (95% CI, 5.9-12.7%), and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.3-4.3%), respectively (P < 0.001); those of stroke were 3.1% (95% CI, 1.1-5.0%), 5.3% (95% CI, 3.0-7.5%), and 6.1% (95% CI, 4.8-7.4%), respectively (P = 0.01); and those for ACS were 4.1% (95% CI, 2.1-6.1%), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.7-9.5%), and 7.4% (95% CI, 5.9-9.0%), respectively (P = 0.05). As compared with the untreated cohort, antiviral treatment was associated with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.16 (95% CI, 0.07-0.33%) for ESRD, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.30-0.93) for ischemic stroke, and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.39-1.06) for ACS. Antiviral treatment for HCV infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.
Doctors for industry.
Authors: R Y Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEIRNALof chemical carcinogens below which there will be no response in man,' the absence of papilloma and carcinoma in the stained fingers of man to date is surely significant.The naive histological demonstration of Dr. F. J. C. Roe and Mr. A. L. Levene (2 September, p. 615) does not have adequate relevance either.Had they demonstrated unchanged epidermal thickness in the stained fingers of heavy cigarette smokers (20 and more per day for 20 years and more) and non-smokers of comparable age, sex, and occupation in addition, they would have a leg to stand on.Nor did I ask if tobacco smoke is a carcinogen for man either.What I asked was (5 August, p. 373) whether the absence of "cigarette-smoker's finger," and the fact that not all heavy cigarette smokers develop lung cancer, did not argue for some other essential factor, in addition to cigarette smoke, for the evolution of malignant disease in any particular heavy cigarette smoker.To date I have had no answer.-Iam, etc.,
Book Review Chronic Politics: Health Care Security from FDR to George W. Bush By Philip J. Funigiello. 395 pp. Lawrence, University Press of Kansas, 2005. $39.95. 0-7006-1399-4 Poor People's Medicine: Medicaid and American Charity Care Since 1965 By Jonathan Engel. 318 pp. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 2006. $79.95 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). 0-8223-3683-9 (cloth); 0-8223-3695-2 (paper).
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Oddi's Sphincter Motor Activity in Patients with Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
Authors: Mohammad Sultan Khuroo, Showkat Ali Zargar, Ghulam Nabi Yattoo, Mohammed Sultan Allai, Bashir Ahmad Khan, Mohammed Yousuf Dar, Mohammed Iqbal Boda, Gul Javid
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Oddi's sphincter motor activity was studied in 15 healthy subjects and 15 patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. No significant difference was found in the common bile duct pressures, the Oddi's sphincter basal pressures or the amplitude, frequency and duration of phasic contractions between the controls and patients. However, a significant difference was found in the percentage of antegrade and retrograde phasic wave sequences between the two groups. In control patients 64.0% +/- 5.3% of phasic wave sequences were antegrade, and 20% +/- 3.6% were retrograde. In patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, 37% +/- 3.6% of phasic wave sequences were antegrade, and 42% +/- 5.5% were retrograde. No significant difference was found in the percentage of simultaneous phasic wave sequences (16% +/- 1.5% vs. 18.5% +/- 2.8%, respectively) between the two groups. In all, five (33%) patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis had abnormal propagation of phasic contractions of Oddi's sphincter (retrograde phasic wave sequences greater than 50%), two (13%) patients had elevated Oddi's sphincter basal pressures (greater than 40 mm Hg) and one (7%) patient had increased frequency of Oddi's sphincter phasic contractions (more than 9/min). Six of the 15 patients had evidence of papillitis on duodenoscopy. We believe papillitis could induce motor abnormalities in these patients, thus resulting in delayed biliary drainage and recurrent attacks of cholangitis.
A neuropathic deficit, decreased sweating, is prevented and ameliorated by euglycemia in streptozocin diabetes in rats.
Authors: C Cardone, P J Dyck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Decreased sweating, especially of feet and legs, occurs in human diabetic neuropathy. It might be studied in experimental diabetes to characterize it, elucidate its mechanisms, and determine whether it can be prevented or treated. The pilocarpine-induced sweat responses (SR) in the hind foot pads of groups of control and streptozocin diabetic rats, in good (GC) and in poor (PC) glycemic control and with a crossover design after 20 wk of diabetes, were evaluated with the silicone mold sweat test to determine the number of sweat droplets per group of foot pads. The SR was dose dependent and reproducible. The SR disappeared with denervation and reappeared with reinnervation; denervation hypersensitivity did not develop. In the GC group, euglycemia was achieved by regulating the caloric intake and using multiple daily injections of Ultralente insulin. The SR was not different from that of the control group for up to 136 d. In the PC group, the SR became abnormal (P less than 0.005) at 16 d and progressively worsened: 40% of baseline values at 14 wk (P less than 0.001). After restoring euglycemia in the PC group, a normal SR occurred at 12 d. These results show that one human neuropathic deficit, failure of sweating, can be prevented or ameliorated by good glycemic control.
Having a nose for it
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Have they? Haven’t they? Today gossip magazines fill column inches pondering which celebrities have had a nose job. Two centuries ago there was no such doubt but just as much fascination when news of a remarkable nose reconstruction reached Europe from India.

The desire for a perfect nose has long been associated with the seedier side of life. Whereas victims of excess—whether cocaine, wealth, or vanity—now pay fortunes to augment the central feature of their faces, in the past noses were commonly lost in duels and street brawls and from the effects of tertiary syphilis. In certain cultures noses were even amputated as punishment for adultery.

Yet although rhinoplasty …
PASSAGE OF COXSACKIE VIRUS (CONNECTICUT-5 STRAIN) IN ADULT MICE WITH PRODUCTION OF PANCREATIC DISEASE
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Lawrence J. Kunz, Sheila Richardson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

1. With Conn.-5 strain of Coxsackie virus, pancreatic disease can be regularly produced in adult mice. 2. The lesions consist of widespread necrosis, followed by repair; there occurs more or less complete loss of glandular acini, with fatty or fibrous replacement. The islands of Langerhans and pancreatic ducts persist. 3. Injection of virus suspensions by the intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intracerebral route is followed by selective necrosis of the pancreas. 4. The liver, in the earlier stages of the disease, is the seat of fat infiltration. There may be necrosis of individual hepatic cells, but the diffuse hepatitis described in suckling mice does not occur. In the later stages of the disease, the liver is not significantly altered. 5. Localized areas of fat necrosis, scattered through intra-abdominal adipose tissue, are usually present in the acute phase of the disease. These undergo fibrosis without calcification. 6. No lesions have been found in the skeletal muscle, even at the site of intramuscular injection. Central nervous system, heart, lungs, and peripheral fat lobules show no lesions comparable to those described in suckling mice. 7. Multiplication of virus takes place in the pancreas. Serial passage in adult mice, by injection of pancreas suspensions prepared from organs removed on the 4th day after infection, is readily accomplished. Five consecutive passages in adult mice have thus far been carried out. Pancreas suspension from 4th passage material produced typical disease in suckling mice when diluted 10(-6). No virus could be demonstrated in pancreas obtained 25 days after inoculation. 8. Complete protection against the pancreatic disease is obtained when the virus is neutralized, before injection, with Conn.-5 antiserum. Normal mouse serum and antiserum against the Ohio-R strain of Coxsackie virus have no protective effect. 9. Mice surviving the initial necrotizing effect of the virus, develop chronic pancreatic insufficiency. This is manifested by extreme weight loss-in some cases, 40 per cent or more of the body weight-and by hypoproteinemia, sometimes leading to anasarca. 10. The substitution of fox-chow which has been predigested with hog pancreas brings about a restoration of weight. 11. The possibility is considered that similar lesions of the pancreas in human beings may be due to virus infection.
Salbutamol by Powder or Spray Inhalation in Childhood Asthma
Authors: S. Crunner, S. Hedenskog, N.‐I. Kjeliman, H. Odelram
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Forty‐three children from 3‐16 years of age suffering from moderate bronchial asthma completed a double‐blind cross‐over study on the clinical effect of inhaled salbutamol (Ventoline®) powder (0.2 mg/dosis) compared with spray (0.1 mg/dosis) over two 4‐week periods. Both administrations gave significant improvement in air flow meter (AFM) results. There was no significant difference between the periods on active powder or spray regarding daily symptom scores, adjuvant medication or AFM values. The powder caused cough in four children but in 12 of 28 children it was considered as easy or easier to accept as the spray; nine of these 12 children were younger than 10 years of age. It is concluded that salbutamol inhaled as a powder is a useful alternative when using a spray is difficult or unwanted.
Sex-related differences in pulmonary physiologic outcome measures in a high-risk birth cohort
Authors: Amy O. Thomas, Daniel J. Jackson, Michael D. Evans, Victoria Rajamanickam, Ronald E. Gangnon, Sean B. Fain, Ronald L. Sorkness, Adesua Y. Okupa, Alex Thomas, James E. Gern, Robert F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Pseudoporphyria associated with consumption of brewers' yeast.
Authors: C K Lim, J M Rideout, T J Peters
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A case of pseudoporphyria associated with excessive consumption of brewers 9 yeast was studied. Detailed analysis of the yeast tablets by high performance liquid chromatography showed the presence of dicarboxylic deuteroporphyrin , mesoporphyrin, and protoporphyrin; coproporphyrin I and III isomers; and uroporphyrin I and III isomers. The faecal porphyrin concentration of the patient taking yeast tablets was significantly increased, resembling the excretion pattern in variegate porphyria. Any patient showing an unusual porphyrin excretion pattern on high performance liquid chromatography should be investigated for a possible dietary cause.
Influence of Proteinuria on Cardiovascular Risk and Response to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Powell Jose, Charles Tomson, Hicham Skali, Jean Rouleau, Eugene Braunwald, J. Malcolm Arnold, Thomas Cuddy, Bruce Sussex, Victoria Bernstein, Marc Pfeffer, Scott Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by Immunoassay Using a Molecularly Cloned and Expressed Virus Envelope Polypeptide
Authors: Donald S. Burke, Brenda L. Brandt, Robert R. Redfield, Tun-Hou Lee, Richard M. Thorn, Gerald A. Beltz, Chung-Ho Hung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in a simple enzyme-linked immunoassay (CBre3-EIA), we used an Escherichia coli-expressed polypeptide antigen, representing the carboxy-terminal third of the external membrane glycoprotein gene fused with the amino-terminal half of the transmembrane glycoprotein gene. Over a 3-month period, 2707 consecutive serum samples referred for confirmatory testing for human T-lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibodies were evaluated by both Western blot and CBre3-EIA. On a single determination for each sample, the CBre3-EIA was found to have an estimated sensitivity (99.9%) and specificity (99.1%) similar or superior to the more cumbersome Western blot method. This study shows that all HIV-seropositive subjects have antibodies to the virus envelope protein; no other virus antigens are required for construction of highly sensitive immunoassays.