tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serial Observations on Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JUHANI HEIKKILÄ, KIMMO LUOMANMÄKI, KALEVI PYÖRÄLÄ
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate were studied serially in 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1, 5, and 20 days after the onset of symptoms from simultaneously recorded kineto-, phono-, and electrocardiograms and carotid artery pulse tracings. Left ventricular ejection time (LVET), electromechanical systole (QA 2 ), and mechanical systole (M 1 A 2 ) decreased from the first to the fifth day ( P &lt; 0.001) and increased again toward normal by the twentieth day. There was a clear correlation with the clinically assessed severity of AMI; the high prevalence of abnormal values indicated a frequent and early impairment of left ventricular performance. In severe power failure, deterioration was indicated by progressive shortening of the systolic time intervals, as contrasted to gradual improvement noted in uncomplicated infarctions. Similarly, LVET, QA 2 , and M 1 A 2 displayed a significant correlation with the grade of radiologically assessed pulmonary vascular congestion on the first day. A relationship between LVET, QA 2 , and isovolumic contraction time (ICT)/LVET and the degree of paradoxical cardiac pulsation became apparent on the fifth day. LVET, M 1 A 2 , ICT/LVET, and preejection period (PEP)/LVET were more abnormal in the nine patients who died than in the 41 survivors ( P &lt; 0.05). PEP and ICT showed no correlation with clinically or radiologically assessed severity or prognosis of infarction, in contrast to findings in chronic heart failure. Decrease of contractility in AMI appears not to be directly reflected in preejection intervals. These findings indicate the value of externally measured left ventricular systolic time intervals, especially LVET, in assessment of the severity and prognosis of AMI.
Cartilage markers in synovial fluid in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: I. F Petersson, L. Sandqvist, B. Svensson, T. Saxne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate if the relative content of aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in synovial fluid lavage samples differs between individuals with knee pain with or without evidence of radiological knee osteoarthritis (joint space narrowing). <h3>METHODS</h3> In a community based cohort of 204 individuals aged 35-54 years with chronic (&gt;3 months duration) knee pain, a subgroup of 45 subjects with radiographic osteoarthritis, grade I according to the Ahlbäck classification, was randomly chosen; 45 individuals, age and sex matched from the same cohort with chronic knee pain but with normal radiographs, served as controls. Knee joint fluid was obtained by a standardised lavage procedure. The concentrations of aggrecan core protein epitopes and a cartilage matrix protein (COMP) were determined by immuno-assays and the aggrecan/COMP con-centration ratio was calculated. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The aggrecan/COMP ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in the group with radiographic osteoarthritis than in the control group. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The higher aggrecan/COMP ratios in osteoarthritis could reflect increased cartilage matrix turnover in osteoarthritis with predominant release of aggrecan fragments. Synovial fluid analysis of cartilage markers holds promise as a useful means of monitoring changes in the cartilage turnover in studies of pathogenic mechanisms in osteoarthritis.
Studies of the effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in the rat.
Authors: J W Cox, G W Rutecki, L L Francisco, T F Ferris
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We report a model of prostaglandin depletion induced in rats by fasting for 11 days, followed by institution of an essential fatty acid-deficient diet. Urinary prostaglandin E, 2 weeks after this diet had been implemented, was 22 +/- 2 ng/24 hours compared to 113 +/- 8.5 ng/24 hours in controls (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in 24-hour urine volume or solute excretion in controls and essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Five hours after administration of NaCl, 10 mM/kg, essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats excreted 1.85 +/- 0.78 ml urine compared to 6.42 +/- 2.26 ml in control (p less than 0.01) with Na+ excretion 447 +/- 273 muEq in essential fatty acid-deficient rats vs 1483 +/- 366 muEq in control (P less than 0.01). Intravenous isotonic NaCl, 1.5% body weight, resulted in increased urine flow rate in control rats from 8.3 +/- 2 microliter/min to 28.7 +/- 8.8 microliter/min with sodium excretion increasing from 0.19 +/- 0.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.9 muEq/min. In the essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals, there was no significant change in flow rate, 6.07 +/- 2.43 to 9.85 +/- 4.29 microliter/min, or sodium excretion, 0.09 +/- 0.03 to 0.40 +/- 0.24 muEq, after saline infusion. There was no difference in the glomerular filtration rate of plasma aldosterone in the two groups after the salt load. When given a water load, 3 ml/100 g body weight, essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats excreted 2.5 +/- 0.7 ml in 5 hours compared to 6.3 +/- 1.4 ml in controls (P less than 0.01). The defect in water excretion was not due to increased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone, since similar sensitivity to this hormone was demonstrated in the essential fatty acid-deficient diet and control rats during a water diuresis. When isotonic saline was substituted for drinking water, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure in essential fatty acid-deficient diet rats from 124 +/- 2 to 142 +/- 3 mm Hg over 9 days (P less than 0.01) compared to 122 +/- 2 before and 122 +/- 2 mm Hg after saline drinking in controls. The administration of linoleic acid for 4 days increased urinary prostaglandin E excretion to 114 +/- 15 ng/24 hours from 23 +/- 4 (P less than 0.01), and the alterations in the ability to excrete a sodium and water load were reversed. In essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals made hypertensive by 9 days of saline drinking, the institution of linoleic acid to the diet normalized the blood pressure despite the continued administration of saline. These studies demonstrate that essential fatty acid-deficient diet animals develop salt-sensitive hypertension with a combined defect in both sodium and water excretion which is reversed following correction of the essential fatty acid deficiency.
Bull's Eye Retinopathy and Clofazimine
Authors: David J. Forster, Dennis M. Causey, Narsing A. Rao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

ExcerptTo the Editors: Clofazimine, a red phenazine dye used to treat dapsone-resistant leprosy, has now become part of the standard multidrug regimen for the treatment of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection (1). Clofazimine has been found to accumulate in macrophages (2). Because retinal pigment epithelial cells have phagocytic properties similar to those of macrophages, clofazimine may accumulate in high concentrations in these cells and, like chloroquine, lead to degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. We report a case of retinal pigment epithelial degeneration induced by clofazimine.A 42-year-old man, diagnosed...
Corticosteroids and Mortality in Children With Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Jillian Mongelluzzo
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In adults, adjuvant corticosteroids significantly reduce mortality associated with bacterial meningitis; however, in children, studies reveal conflicting results.To determine the association between adjuvant corticosteroids and clinical outcomes in children with bacterial meningitis.A retrospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2006, of 2780 children discharged with bacterial meningitis as their primary diagnosis from 27 tertiary care children's hospitals located in 18 US states and the District of Columbia that provide data to the Pediatric Health Information System's administrative database.Propensity scores, constructed using patient demographics and markers of illness severity at presentation, were used to determine each child's likelihood of receiving adjuvant corticosteroids. Primary outcomes of interest, time to death and time to hospital discharge, were analyzed by using propensity-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by age categories.The median age was 9 months (interquartile range, 0-6 years); 57% of the patients were males. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly identified cause of meningitis. Adjuvant corticosteroids were administered to 248 children (8.9%). The overall mortality rate was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5%-5.0%), and cumulative incidences were 2.2% and 3.1% at 7 days and 28 days, respectively, after admission. Adjuvant corticosteroids did not reduce mortality, regardless of age (children <1 year: hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.53-2.24; 1-5 years: HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.59-2.78; and >5 years: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.38-2.25). Adjuvant corticosteroids were also not associated with time to hospital discharge. In subgroup analyses, the results did not change in either children identified with pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis or children with a cerebrospinal fluid culture performed at the admitting hospital.In this multicenter observational study of children with bacterial meningitis, adjuvant corticosteroid therapy was not associated with time to death or time to hospital discharge.
Atropine Poisoning in Hawthorne's<i>The Scarlet Letter</i>
Authors: Jemshed A. Khan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

This article presents evidence that surreptitious atropine poisoning accounts for the bizarre behavior and ultimate demise of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale in Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic work, The Scarlet Letter.1 This poisoning of a major character in a widely read novel, written by a celebrated author, has escaped forensic detection for more than a century. This should be of interest to the medical community, because the poisoning was accomplished through the agency of a physician.As an aid to the reader, a summary of the plot of The Scarlet Letter is provided. The plot centers on three major characters: an . . .
Occult Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uvula Detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT in a Case of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in the Head and Neck
Authors: Shahenda Salem, Neva H. Patel, Tara Barwick, Adil Al-Nahhas, David J. Howard, Imene Zerizer, Zarni Win
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Incidence of unknown primary head/neck tumors with metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy at time of diagnosis is approximately 2% to 9%. Detecting site of original disease is challenging. We present a 75-year-old woman with bulky unilateral level 2 and 3 lymphadenopathy. Clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) did not reveal detectable abnormalities except neck-node metastases; biopsy indicated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging was performed to detect the primary tumor site, which revealed a small metabolically-avid lesion in uvula, biopsy demonstrated SCC, the origin of metastatic disease. F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of unknown primary head/neck tumors can have positive impact in identifying small occult primary tumor foci.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increases Collateral Blood Flow in Rats With Femoral Arterial Ligation
Authors: H.T. Yang, Michael R. Deschenes, Robert W. Ogilvie, Ronald L. Terjung
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

The potential for exogenous infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to increase collateral blood flow to dependent tissue was quantified in adult male rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Occlusion of the femoral artery at a proximal site did not infringe on resting blood flow to the distal hindlimb muscle, but did remove the blood flow reserve. Blood flow to the hindlimb muscles was measured with radiolabeled microspheres using an isolated hindlimb preparation perfused in the descending aorta (Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate, 5% albumin medium containing red blood cells [40% hematocrit]) at 100 mm Hg. Calf muscle blood flow changed modestly (≈50%) with infusion of only the carrier (heparin/saline), increased markedly over the first 2 weeks of bFGF infusion (1 μg/d into the femoral artery), but did not change further with infusion for 4 weeks. Waiting 2 weeks after 1 week of bFGF infusion did not further increase the intermediate improvement in blood flow. The improved collateral blood flow and increased muscle capillary density likely contributed to the enhanced muscle performance observed during nerve stimulation in situ. X-ray films of arterial casts identified an expansion of upper thigh vessels that likely served as collaterals. In animals with peripheral arterial insufficiency, short-term exogenous infusion of bFGF is effective at inducing vascular expansion that is sufficient to improve the flow reserve of dependent distal tissue and enhance muscle function. This raises the expectation that a similar response in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency would significantly improve morbidity, including the symptoms of intermittent claudication.
UN warns that AIDS deaths are set to reach record level
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) warns that AIDS deaths are set to reach a record level during the year 1999. Estimates from UNAIDS reveal that 2.6 million people will die from diseases related to HIV and AIDS during 1999--a higher global total than any year since the beginning of the epidemic. In addition, 32.4 million adults and 1.2 million children are estimated to be living with HIV infection by the end of 1999. About 95% of those infected live in the developing world, and this proportion was predicted to rise even further as infection rates continued to rise in countries where poverty, poor health systems, and limited resources for prevention and care fueled the spread of the virus. The highest prevalence of the infection is seen in sub-Saharan Africa; close to 70% of the global total of HIV-positive people come from this region. However, the challenge also remains in industrialized countries, where unsafe sexual behavior and drug injection are practiced.
Effects of decreasing the frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation on gonadotropin secretion in gonadotropin-releasing hormone-deficient men and perifused rat pituitary cells.
Authors: J S Finkelstein, T M Badger, L S O'Dea, D I Spratt, W F Crowley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The effects of decreasing the frequency of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation on pituitary responsiveness were studied in (a) men with isolated GnRH deficiency who had achieved normal sex steroid levels during prior long-term pulsatile GnRH replacement and (b) perifused dispersed pituitary cells from male rats in the absence of sex steroids. In three groups of four GnRH-deficient men, the frequency of GnRH stimulation was decreased at weekly intervals from (a) every 2-3-4 h (group I), (b) every 2-8 h without testosterone replacement (group II), or (c) every 2-8 h with testosterone replacement (group III). In three groups of three columns of perifused dispersed pituitary cells, pulses of GnRH were administered every 2, 4, or 8 h. In groups I and II, mean area under the luteinizing hormone (LH) curve increased (P less than 0.025) and serum testosterone levels fell (P less than 0.035) as the frequency of GnRH stimulation was decreased. In group III, the area under the LH curve also increased (P less than 0.01) although serum testosterone levels were constant, thereby demonstrating that the increase in pituitary responsiveness to slow frequencies of GnRH stimulation occurs independently of changes in the sex steroid hormonal milieu. The area under the LH curve also increased in the perifused dispersed rat pituitary cells when the frequency of GnRH administration was decreased to every 8 h (P less than 0.05), thus demonstrating that the enhanced pituitary responsiveness to slow frequencies of GnRH stimulation is maintained even in the complete absence of gonadal steroids. Nadir LH levels fell in all three groups (P less than 0.01) as the frequency of GnRH stimulation was decreased. In contrast, mean peak LH levels, the rate of LH rise, and the rate of endogenous LH decay were constant as the frequency of GnRH stimulation was decreased. Finally, as the GnRH interpulse interval increased, mean LH levels fell, and mean follicle-stimulating hormone levels were stable or fell. These results indicate that (a) pituitary responsiveness to GnRH increases at slower frequencies of GnRH stimulation in models both in vivo and in vitro, (b) these changes in pituitary responsiveness occur independently of changes in gonadal steroid secretion, and (c) the increases in LH pulse amplitude and area under the curve at slow frequencies of GnRH stimulation are due to decreases in nadir, but not peak, LH levels. Slowing of the frequency of GnRH secretion may be an important independent variable in the control of pituitary gonadotropin secretion.
Promotion of Primary and Secondary Care Antimicrobial Prescribing Guidelines, and their impact on the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection, and antibiotic susceptibility of Gram negative bacteraemias in Worcestershire, 2006-2010
Authors: Jane Stockley, Elisabeth Holden, Deepa Selvakumar, Anne Dyas, Carole Clive, Mary Shaw, Anne Kingham, Chris Catchpole, Tina Evans
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
A Simple Method of Making a Blood Count.
Authors: B. B. Browne
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The subscription price of the Index Medicus was originally $5 per year, but at this price the publishers lost money.It was then raised to $10, but this Avas not sufficient to pay the enormous cost of printing, and $25 a year was subscribed by one or tAvo hundred enthusiastic medical writers, but even this was not sufficient to meet the growing expense.It may readily be asked why so valuable a publication was not self-supporting.The answer is that in the entire medical profession there are only a comparative few who are inter¬ ested to any extent in medical research, but more particularly to the fact to those only who have easy access to large medical
Pernicious Anemia in A Full Blooded Indian
Authors: Richard V. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pernicious anemia among American Indians is infrequent. A search by a computer of the National Library of Medicine revealed only one case report in recent years.<sup>1</sup> Diagnosis is difficult because of the geographic isolation of many Indians from appropriate diagnostic procedures, in particular the Schilling test. In rural areas therapy is frequently initiated on the basis of megaloblastic anemia and achlorhydria alone. Lack of diagnostic security and case reporting may explain the apparent rarity of pernicious anemia among the American Indians. However, in view of the well-documented racial and ethnic distribution of this disease, the American Indian may have a constitutional lack of susceptibility to pernicious anemia. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 49-year-old, full-blooded Sioux Indian man was admitted to the Poplar, Mont, Community Hospital on Jan 10, 1968, because of dizziness and shortness of breath for two weeks. During the month before admission he had
Billroth II gastrectomy complicated by gastrojejunocolonic fistulas, treated endoscopically with a cardiac septal defect closure device
Authors: G. Kouklakis, P. Zezos, N. Liratzopoulos, M. Pitiakoudis, E. Efremidou, A. Giatromanolaki, N. Courcoutsakis, C. Simopoulos
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Gastrojejunocolonic fistula is a severe complication of gastrectomy with mainly Billroth II reconstruction carried out for peptic ulcer or malignant disease. It may develop 1 – 20 years after the procedure. Since the small bowel is bypassed, malnutrition due to malabsorption occurs [1] [2].
Violence in America: Time to Bite the Bullet Back
Authors: Eric S. H. Ching
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The public health paradigm underlying your firearms control scheme in your Editorial<sup>1</sup>of June 10, 1992, is inconsistently and incompletely applied, and the automobile registration and licensing model is inappropriate to the regulation of firearms. The inconsistency becomes obvious if we apply similar criteria to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Dr Koop's earlier célèbre. Would you require AIDS carriers to be registered? To demonstrate knowledge about safe sex? To have their sexual practices monitored? To forfeit their right to have sex if they violate these conditions? I would hope not. Then why do you consider such restrictions acceptable for firearms owners? Your analysis is woefully incomplete in that it failed to consider the benefits conferred by private firearms. For example, a highly publicized firearms training program for more than 2000 women in Orlando, Fla, caused the incidence of rape to drop 89% in 1 year without
Failure of High-Dose Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide Combined with Double-Dose Cisplatin and Bone Marrow Support in Patients with High-Volume Metastatic Nonseminomatous Germ-Cell Tumours: Mature Results of a Randomised Trial
Authors: Jean-Pierre Droz, Andrew Kramar, Pierre Biron, José-Luis Pico, Pierre Kerbrat, Jean Pény, Hervé Curé, Christine Chevreau, Christine Théodore, Jeannine Bouzy, Stéphane Culine
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Myopathy of hypothyroidism.
Authors: W J Fessel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

<h3>Introduction</h3> People with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from symptoms such as widespread pain, non-refreshing sleep, fatigue and reduced quality of life. Effects of pharmacological treatment are questionable and non-pharmacological treatments are recommended as first-line therapy. To date the majority of patients with FM in Norway are not offered any targeted treatment. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme comprising an acceptance-based and mindfulness-based group intervention, the Vitality Training Programme (VTP), followed by tailored physical activity counselling. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> General practitioners refer potential participants to a rheumatologist in specialist healthcare for diagnostic clarification and assessment of comorbidities. Inclusion criteria are widespread pain/FM ≥3 months, age 20–50 and work participation (minimum part-time) within the last 2 years. The intervention group attends the VTP comprising 10 weekly 4 hour group sessions plus a booster session after 6 months. Thereafter, they receive 12 weeks of individually tailored physical exercise counselled by physiotherapists at community-based Healthy Life Centers. The control group follows treatment as usual. The primary outcome is Patient Global Impression of Change. Secondary outcomes include self-reported pain, fatigue and sleep quality, psychological distress, mindfulness, health-related quality of life, physical activity, work ability and exercise beliefs and habits. To achieve a power of 80% and allow for 10% dropout, 70 participants are needed in each arm. All analyses will be conducted on intention-to-treat bases and measured as differences between groups at 12 months follow-up. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The study is approved and granted by the Norwegian South-Eastern Regional Health Authority (reference 2016015). Ethics approval was obtained from Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (reference 2015/2447/REK sør-øst A). Results will be submitted to appropriate journals and presented in relevant conferences and social media. <h3>Trial registration</h3> ISRCTN96836577.
Activated Leukocyte Cell-Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Futoshi Ishiguro, Hideki Murakami, Tetsuya Mizuno, Makiko Fujii, Yutaka Kondo, Noriyasu Usami, Kohei Yokoi, Hirotaka Osada, Yoshitaka Sekido
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)