tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression in adults, including those with a chronic physical health problem: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: S. Pilling, I. Anderson, D. Goldberg, N. Meader, C. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Each year 6% of adults will experience an episode of depression, and over the course of a person’s lifetime more than 15% of the population will have an episode.1 2 3 4 Depression (as defined by the American Psychiatric Association5) is the leading cause of suicide and currently the fourth highest disease burden on society in terms of its treatment costs, its effect on families and carers, and its impact on productivity in the workplace.

Depression can be disabling and distressing and for many people can become a chronic disorder, especially if inadequately treated. It is about two to three times more common in people with a chronic physical health problem than in people who are in good physical health.6 Chronic physical health problems can precipitate and exacerbate depression, but depression can also adversely affect outcomes of coexisting physical illnesses, including increased mortality. Furthermore, depression can be a risk factor for some physical illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease.7

This article summarises the most recent recommendations on depression from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE): an updated guideline on the management and treatment of depression in adults8 and a new guideline on depression focusing on adults with a chronic physical health problem.9 In both guidelines diagnosis was based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , fourth edition (DSM-IV), which require the presence of at least five symptoms and of impaired function persisting for at least two weeks.5

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the experience and opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. …
Ulceration of Wedding-ring into Phalanx
Authors: B. J. Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The relative toxicity of epinephrine and norepinephrine and their effects on brain excitability were determined in mice. In addition, the effects of these agents on blood pH and acid-base balance were studied. Epinephrine appears to be 4 to 8 times more toxic than norepinephrine. Both drugs exerted a non-monotonic effect on pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold (PST). Small nontoxic doses of both catecholamines elevated PST and large toxic doses lowered this threshold. Epinephrine had a similar non-monotonic effect on electroshock seizure threshold (EST). On the other hand, small nontoxic doses of norepinephrine had no significant effect on EST, whereas large toxic doses lowered EST. Within 30 seconds after their intravenous injection, both catecholamines decreased blood pH and induced a metabolic acidosis accompanied by some respiratory acidosis; but these metabolic alterations were causally unrelated to changes in brain excitability. It is suggested that epinephrine and norepinephrine act directly on the CNS to alter brain excitability.
Melissa's Last Cloud
Authors: Forrest P. White
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Possible Teratogenic Hyperthermia and Marathon Running
Authors: Richard C. Orselli
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The letter from Carl F. Schaefer, PhD (241:1892, 1979), may cause unnecessary anxiety among women marathoners of childbearing age unless certain qualifications are added. He warned that exercise-induced hyperthermia may cause birth defects. However, he should have added the following:   The literature he cited1-3shows an association between birth defects and disease-induced maternal fever. In these cases, there are the known fetal hazards of pathogens, drugs, and maternal anorexia.  There are no reports of exerciseinduced hyperthermia resulting in birth defects in humans or animal models.    Sauna-induced hyperthermia is actually associated with a reduced incidence of these so-called hyperthermia-associated congenital malformations.4  There are good reasons to expect the marathoner's life-style to have favorable effects on the fetus. Persons who take up this sport tend to smoke less, weigh less, and make efforts to improve their diet. With these qualifications in mind, Schaefer's warning seems
Identification and regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-generated chloride channel.
Authors: H A Berger, M P Anderson, R J Gregory, S Thompson, P W Howard, R A Maurer, R Mulligan, A E Smith, M J Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) generates cAMP-regulated Cl- channels; mutations in CFTR cause defective Cl- channel function in cystic fibrosis epithelia. We used the patch-clamp technique to determine the single channel properties of Cl- channels in cell expressing recombinant CFTR. In cell-attached patches, an increase in cellular cAMP reversibly activated low conductance Cl- channels. cAMP-dependent regulation is due to phosphorylation, because the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase plus ATP reversibly activated the channel in excised, cell-free patches of membrane. In symmetrical Cl- solutions, the channel had a channel conductance of 10.4 +/- 0.2 (n = 7) pS and a linear current-voltage relation. The channel was more permeable to Cl- than to I- and showed no appreciable time-dependent voltage effects. These biophysical properties are consistent with macroscopic studies of Cl- channels in single cells expressing CFTR and in the apical membrane of secretory epithelia. Identification of the single channel characteristics of CFTR-generated channels allows further studies of their regulation and the mechanism of ion permeation.
Cardiac Arrest due to Anesthesia
Authors: Richard L. Keenan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Cardiac arrests due solely to anesthesia were studied in a large university hospital over a 15-year period. There were 27 cardiac arrests among 163,240 anesthetics given, for a 15-year incidence of 1.7 per 10,000 anesthetics. Fourteen of these patients (0.9 per 10,000) subsequently died. Detailed examination of the data from these 27 patients revealed that the pediatric age group had a threefold higher risk than adults, and that the risk for emergency patients was six times that for elective patients. Failure to provide adequate ventilation caused almost half of the anesthetic cardiac arrests, and one third resulted from absolute overdose of an inhalation agent. Hemodynamic instability in very ill patients was an association in 22%. Specific errors in anesthetic management could be identified in 75%. Progressive bradycardia preceding the arrest was observed in all but one case. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2373-2377)
Nephropexy for Ureteral Kinks
Authors: Augustus Riley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1929)

Abstract   A series ot 90 patients, who had enough symptoms referable to the kidney region to seek relief, was thoroughly examined, and those found to have kinked ureters, with or without rotation of the kidney and with or without marked dilatation of the kidney pelvis, had a nephropexy.  A comparative study of this series show that about two females to one male have kinked ureters. The right ureter is affected almost twice as often as the left.  Seventy-eight, about 85 per cent, of the 90 patients were between the ages of twenty and fifty years.  All cases have had postoperative pyelographic studies, covering a period of four months to more than a year.  All patients have been relieved of their symptoms of kidney pain. Where there was marked dilatation of the kidney pelvis; the picture has been changed to practically normal after nephropexy.
Fostering IRB Collaboration for Review of International Research
Authors: Francis Barchi, Megan Kasimatis Singleton, Jon F. Merz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

AbstractThis article presents a review of the literature, summarizes current initiatives, and provides a heuristic for assessing the effectiveness of a range of institutional review board (IRB) collaborative strategies that can reduce the regulatory burden of ethics review while ensuring protection of human subjects, with a particular focus on international research. Broad adoption of IRB collaborative strategies will reduce regulatory burdens posed by overlapping oversight mechanisms and has the potential to enhance human subjects protections.Keywords: Institutional review boardresearch ethics boardinternational researchmultinational researchresearch partnership
Changing patterns of psychiatric care
Authors: C. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1981)

It is of more direct interest to the clinical psychiatrist, and so for me poses the most questions.The author gives a brief descriptive account of his wife's serious suicidal impulses in the course of a puerperal psychosis, being apparently unaware that such conditions are well recognised and that effective treatment is available.The terms mental illness, psychosis, and psychiatrist do not appear in the article: it would be appropriate reading for those who talk of the "myth" of mental illness, or of the psychotic person's "right" to refuse care and treatment.This moving account and its conclusion, in ignorance, that medicine knows or cares little about such reactions to childbirth makes one wonder anew how psychiatry can more effectively and acceptably transmit its knowledge and skills to medical and wider audiences.These three papers have pointed valuably to gaps in the current delivery of health care, no doubt in part representing inadequacies in medical education.
Relationship of Thrombus Healing to Underlying Plaque Morphology in Sudden Coronary Death
Authors: Miranda C.A. Kramer, Saskia Z.H. Rittersma, Robbert J. de Winter, Elena R. Ladich, David R. Fowler, You-Hui Liang, Robert Kutys, Naima Carter-Monroe, Frank D. Kolodgie, Allard C. van der Wal, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Oxidizing intermediates generated in the Fenton reagent: kinetic arguments against the intermediacy of the hydroxyl radical.
Authors: D A Wink, C B Wink, R W Nims, P C Ford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

It has long been recognized that the aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ion, known as the Fenton reagent, generates powerful oxidants. Furthermore, the chemical intermediates and reaction pathways of the type generated by this reagent have been implicated in oxidative damage in biological systems. Although the subject continues to be debated, the hydroxyl radical (.OH) is generally invoked as the predominant oxidizing intermediate formed by the Fenton reagent. However, recent results from this laboratory have demonstrated that the principal pathway for the Fenton-mediated oxidation of N-nitrosodimethylamine does not involve .OH, but instead must involve the intermediacy of another strongly oxidizing species. This conclusion was based on stopped-flow spectrophotometric observation of a transient, A, believed to be an iron(II) nitrosyl adduct, which was formed at a rate five-fold faster than that predicted for formation of .OH. Subsequent experiments have shown that methanol and other organic compounds can quench the formation of A. This quenching procedure provides a unique spectrophotometric probe with which to examine the relative reactivities of putative Fenton-type oxidizing intermediates toward organic substrates. Presented here are the results of several such quenching studies, plus an overview of our mechanistic investigations of the Fenton reaction.
Right ventricular doppler myocardial performance index in adults with repaired tetralogy of fallot: correlations with ventricular volume indices assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Alexandra A. Frogoudaki, Perildis A. Davlouros, Wei Li, Philip J. Kilner, Lorna Swan, Dudley J. Pennell, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Cellular basis for neonatally induced T-suppressor activity. Primary B cell maturation is blocked by suppressor-helper interactions restricted by loci on chromosome 12.
Authors: S Raychaudhuri, M P Cancro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The cellular mechanism and genetic restriction of neonatally induced HA-specific suppressor T (Ts) cells have been examined. The in vivo effect of these Ts cells on antibody production, primary B cell proliferation, B cell surface marker changes, and helper T (Th) cell priming during primary responses to HA have been determined. The results indicate that, although antigen-induced B cell proliferative responses and surface marker changes occur in the presence of Ts cells, differentiation to Ig secretion, and long-lived memory B cell production are prevented. Further, antigen-specific Th cell priming is completely ablated by Ts cells, suggesting that Ts act by preventing the delivery of Th signals required for both the later stages of primary B cell maturation, and the formation of memory B cell populations. Finally, in vivo cell mixing experiments using congenic mice indicate that this Ts-Th interaction is restricted by loci on mouse chromosome 12.
David Campbell Watt
Authors: A. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Dr David Campbell Watt, for 24 years medical director of St John’s Hospital, Stone in Buckinghamshire, died on 30 December 2010 aged 90.

David was born in south London, but aged 10 moved to Oban when his mother died. Educated at Oban Grammar School, David qualified BSc, MB ChB from Glasgow University in 1943. After a spell in general practice in Oban he began his psychiatric career in 1946 in Shenley Hospital in Hertfordshire, then open for only 12 years, which was designed and run on progressive principles. In the same year he and Helen Short from Glasgow, the daughter of a missionary in China, were married. In 1949 the couple moved to London, where he was appointed registrar at the Maudsley Hospital under the fearsome regime of Aubrey Lewis.

Here was forming a cohort of young psychiatrists whose influence in British and international psychiatry can hardly be exaggerated, and which lasts to this day. The climate was then one of rigorous, detailed clinical assessment and scientific knowledge (embracing epidemiology, sociology, genetics, and neurochemistry) in an atmosphere of severe intellectual criticism and challenge, sometimes taking extreme forms. Lewis was, as Mapother was before him, bringing science to British psychiatry; asylum psychiatry. This was what it needed, and David was to carry its intellectual inheritance well into his own retirement.

It was at the Maudsley that David completed his MD in 1951 with a thesis entitled “The contra-indications to modified convulsion therapy.” It was also here that he met Michael Shepherd, Lewis’s admirer and protege, who became David’s close and perhaps closest friend. They published their first paper together in the same year as he arrived.

While Michael Shepherd was completing his national service in the Royal Air Force at Halton near Aylesbury, he noted the extensive medical records kept at …
Epidemiology of Insect Venom Sensitivity
Authors: David B. K. Golden, David G. Marsh, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, Linda Freidhoff, Moyses Szklo, Martin D. Valentine, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The prevalence of insect sting reaction and of venom sensitization in adults is unknown. We report the results of intake evaluation of a stratified random sample of a large adult population previously studied for the determinants of atopic disease. In 269 subjects, the prevalence of systemic allergic sting reactions was 3.3% and 26.5% had IgE antibodies to venom demonstrated by skin test or radioallergosorbent test. Asymptomatic sensitization (positive venom skin test) was observed in 15% of subjects with no history of an allergic sting reaction. Positive venom skin tests were more frequent in men, in those with positive skin tests to inhalant allergens, and in subjects aged 20 through 29 years. A positive venom skin test or radioallergosorbent test was more frequent in subjects who had been stung within the previous 3 years (35%) than in those stung more than 3 years before (20%). We conclude that both systemic allergic reactions to insect stings and asymptomatic sensitivity to venom are common and that most affected persons never seek medical advice. The significance of asymptomatic venom sensitization is unknown. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;262:240-244)
Drugs for Tuberculosis
Authors: W. D. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1969)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Members of the CCN (Cyr61/CTGF/Nov) family are a group of matricellular regulatory proteins, essential to a wide range of functional pathways in cell signalling. Through interacting with extracellular matrix components and growth factors <i>via</i> one of its four domains, the CCN proteins are involved in critical biological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, bone development, fibrogenesis, and tumorigenesis. We present here the crystal structure of the thrombospondin module 1 (TSP1) domain of CCN3 (previously known as Nov), which shares a similar three-stranded fold with the thrombospondin type 1 repeats of thrombospondin-1 and Spondin-1, but with variations in the disulfide connectivity. Moreover, the CCN3 TSP1 lacks the typical pi-stacked ladder of charged and aromatic residues on one side of the domain, as seen in other TSP1 domains. Using conservation analysis among orthologous domains, we show that a charged cluster in the centre of the domain is the most conserved site and predict it to be a potential functional epitope for heparan sulphate binding. This variant TSP1 domain has also been used to revise the sequence determinants of TSP1 domains and derive improved Pfam sequence profiles for identification of novel TSP1 domains in more than 10,000 proteins across diverse phyla. <h3>Synopsis</h3> The first structure of a thrombospondin module 1 domain (TSP1) from a CCN family matricellular protein has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure shows a typical three-stranded fold, but with an incomplete pi-stacked structure that is usually found in these domains. The structure reveals highest conservation in the positively charged central segment, which we predict to be a binding site for heparan sulphates. The atypical features of this domain have been used to revise the definition of the TSP1 domains and identify a number of new domains in sequence databases.
Human peritoneal mesothelial cells synthesize interleukin-6: Induction by IL-1β and TNFα
Authors: Nicholas Topley, Achim Jörres, Werner Luttmann, Meryl M. Petersen, M. Janine Lang, Karl-Heinz Thierauch, Christian Müller, Gerald A. Coles, Malcolm Davies, John D. Williams
Journal: Kidney International (1993)
Alcoholic Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: A. Foxwell
Journal: BMJ (1896)

maintenance should not be in the control of Boards of Guardians who frequently do not realise their responsibilities, but rather yield to their prejudices.A COMMISSION OF INQUIRY NEEDED.Well, how is this state of things to be corrected?The :agitation against it has gone on for years.Government after Government has been approached on some s ecial point, sand with a few exceptions, with little effect.Chief becre- taries have occasionally been sympathetic; more commonly they have raised up a barrier of difficulties behind which to *shield themselves; and so the struggle has proceeded, until the sufferers from this wretched system have grown weary and almost hopeless.I think the future plan of action needs
Assessment by radionuclide angiography of right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Authors: W MacNee, Q F Xue, W J Hannan, D C Flenley, C J Adie, A L Muir
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Non-invasive measurements of right and left ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF, LVEF) by multiple-gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography were performed in 18 control subjects, 16 patients with angina pectoris, and 45 patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The mean RVEF in the control subjects was 0.62 +/- 0.09 (SD), which was not significantly different from the mean RVEF in the patients with angina (0.60 +/- 0.09), but was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the mean value in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (0.45 +/- 0.11). LVEF was not significantly different in the groups studied. There was a significant correlation between LVEF and RVEF only in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (p less than 0.001). Those patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema who had clinical evidence of cor pulmonale at the time of the study had significantly lower values of RVEF and LVEF (p less than 0.001) than patients with no previous cor pulmonale or those who had had cor pulmonale in the past. There was a significant correlation between RVEF and arterial oxygen (p less than 0.01) and carbon dioxide tensions (p less than 0.05). Reduced RVEF in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema may be an early indicator of the development of cor pulmonale and may be useful as a non-invasive method of assessing the effects of therapeutic interventions.
Necroptosis and parthanatos are involved in remote lung injury after receiving ischemic renal allografts in rats
Authors: Hailin Zhao, Jiaolin Ning, Alexandre Lemaire, Foteini-Stefania Koumpa, James J. Sun, Anthony Fung, Jianteng Gu, Bin Yi, Kaizhi Lu, Daqing Ma
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

Early renal graft injury could result in remote pulmonary injury due to kidney-lung cross talk. Here we studied the possible role of regulated necrosis in remote lung injury in a rat allogeneic transplantation model. In vitro, human lung epithelial cell A549 was challenged with TNF-α and conditioned medium from human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2) after hypothermia-hypoxia insults. In vivo, the Brown-Norway rat renal grafts were extracted and stored in 4 °C Soltran preserving solution for up to 24 h and transplanted into Lewis rat recipients, and the lungs were harvested on day 1 and day 4 after grafting for further analysis. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in the renal allograft caused pulmonary injury following engraftment. PARP-1 (marker for parthanatos) and receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (Rip1) and Rip3 (markers for necroptosis) expression was significantly enhanced in the lung. TUNEL assays showed increased cell death of lung cells. This was significantly reduced after treatment with necrostatin-1 (nec-1) or/and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB). Acute immune rejection exacerbated the remote lung injury and 3-AB or/and Nec-1 combined with cyclosporine A conferred optimal lung protection. Thus, renal graft injury triggered remote lung injury, likely through regulated necrosis. This study could provide the molecular basis for combination therapy targeting both pathways of regulated necrosis to treat such complications after renal transplantation.