tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Infarction and the Open-Artery Hypothesis
Authors: L. David Hillis, Richard A. Lange
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In patients with acute myocardial infarction, the prompt restoration of antegrade flow in the infarct-related coronary artery, whether accomplished pharmacologically1 or mechanically,2 improves left ventricular systolic function and reduces mortality. Initially, these salutary effects of reperfusion therapy were thought to be tightly linked: successful reperfusion salvaged ischemic but still viable myocardium, which led to improved left ventricular function and, in turn, improved survival. Conversely, reperfusion of the infarct-related artery more than 12 hours after the onset of infarction was thought not to achieve these beneficial results. However, several studies suggested that the effects of reperfusion on left ventricular function and . . .
Abstract S4-03: Exome sequencing reveals clinically actionable mutations in the pathogenesis and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: KL Blackwell, EP Hamilton, PK Marcom, J Peppercorn, N Spector, G Kimmick, J Hopkins, J Favaro, G Rocha, M Parks, C Love, P Scotland, SS Dave
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a particularly aggressive and difficult to treat form of breast cancer. No specific genetic alterations have been described as characteristic of the disease, with the exception of association with BRCA1/2, EGFR, and KRAS mutations. In this study, we sought to define clinically actionable mutations in untreated metastatic tumors as well as compare the mutational status of metastatic samples with germ-line and primary tumors using whole exome sequencing. We prospectively enrolled 38 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic TNBC and collected matched specimens of germ-line DNA, primary tumor and metastatic tumor. Median DFI from time of initial primary diagnosis to recurrence was 18 months (IQR = 1-24 months) and 9 patients presented with de novo metastatic disease. 34/38 patients went on to receive first-line treatment with nab-paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab and ORR/PFS/OS are available. Sites of TNBC metastatic tissue (n = 31) included: liver (10), chest wall (13), non-regional lymph nodes (4), and lung (4). 7 patients had inadequate metastatic tumor for sequencing. We performed whole-exome sequencing for all samples using the Agilent solution-based system of exon capture, which uses RNA baits to target all protein coding genes (CCDS database), as well as ∼700 human miRNAs from miRBase (v13). In all, we generated over 10 GB of sequencing data using high throughput sequencing on the Illumina platform. We observed striking genetic heterogeneity among the metastatic and primary tumors. There was no single driver mutation that was common to the metastatic tumors indicating the diverse genetic pathways that contribute to metastasis. Early analysis suggests that mutations in APC and MTOR occur more frequently in metastatic tumors than in primary tumors. Nonsense mutations of ER were detected in both primary and metastatic tumors but not in germ-line DNA. EGFR and HER2 mutations were not found in any of the primary or metastatic TNBC samples. This data provides the most comprehensive genetic portrait of metastatic and primary TNBC to date, and represents a significant first step in identifying the genetic causes of the disease, drivers of recurrence, and potential therapeutic targets. Full results, including the primary versus metastatic tumor mutational analysis will be presented. This study was funded by a Susan G. Komen Grant SAC 100001. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S4-03.
Awareness of Pediatric Hypertension
Authors: Patricia T. Pazdral
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Surveys of patients at three pediatric teaching hospitals showed a low percentage of blood pressure recordings by the examining physician in the walk-in or emergency clinics. The frequency of blood pressure measurement was higher among inpatients, especially on medical services. A recommendation for obtaining blood pressure measurements is made on three bases: 1. many patients use these ambulatory services as their major source of care, 2. many conditions for which care is sought and many therapeutic agents are associated with hypertension, and 3. unless measurements of blood pressure become customary during training, it is likely that blood pressure recording may not be included as part of routine physical examinations.
Commentary: Need for a nationally consistent approach
Authors: T. A Ward
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dr Davies and his team should be congratulated for promoting and enabling an optimum quality of life for this child and her family. From a nursing perspective, home care for children with assisted ventilation is the best option for meeting their global needs, maximising their potential in life, and enabling the child and family to live ordinary lives. The USA, Australia, and parts of Europe have been …
Possible role of lipid peroxidation in the induction of NF-kappa B and AP-1 in RFL-6 cells by crocidolite asbestos: evidence following protection by vitamin E.
Authors: S P Faux, P J Howden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Asbestos fibers cause persistent induction of the oxidative stress sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in mammalian cells. These transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of cellular activity. Lipid peroxidation, mediated by reactive oxygen species, is thought to be a possible mechanism in the pathogenicity of asbestos fibers. These studies were designed to determine if crocidolite asbestos-induced lipid peroxidation plays a role in the mechanism of formation of NF-kappa B and AP-1. Treatment of a rat lung fibroblast cell line (RFL-6) with crocidolite asbestos in the presence and absence of the membrane antioxidant vitamin E decreased the levels of crocidolite-induced AP-1 and NF-kappa B to background levels. Preincubation of RFL-6 cells with 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, prior to exposure to crocidolite, abrogated crocidolite-induced NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity to background levels. Coincubation with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, had no effect on NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity induced by crocidolite. However, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, decreased levels of NF-kappa B to background levels. This would suggest that lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, produced following lipid peroxidation, are involved in the cellular signalling events to NF-kappa B transcription factor induction by asbestos.
Cardiac V <sub>1</sub> And V <sub>3</sub> Myosins Differ in Their Hydrolytic and Mechanical Activities In Vitro
Authors: Peter VanBuren, David E. Harris, Norman R. Alpert, David M. Warshaw
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The two mammalian cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms, α and β, have 93% amino acid homology, but hearts expressing these myosins exhibit marked differences in their mechanical activities. To further understand the function of these cardiac myosins as molecular motors, we compared the ability of these myosins to hydrolyze ATP and to both translocate actin filaments and generate force in an in vitro motility assay. V 1 myosin has twice the actin-activated ATPase activity and three times the actin filament sliding velocity when compared with V 3 myosin. In contrast, the force-generating ability of these myosins is quite different when the total force produced by a small population of myosin molecules (&gt;50) is examined. V 1 myosin produces only one half the average cross-bridge force of V 3 myosin. With discrete areas of primary structural heterogeneity known to exist between α and β heavy chains, the differences we report in the hydrolytic and mechanical activities of the motors are explored in the context of potential structural and kinetic differences between the V 1 and V 3 myosins.
A paucity of unusual trihydroxy bile acids in the urine of patients with severe liver diseases
Authors: Toshiaki Nakashima, Yoshikuni Sakamoto, Koji Inaba, Hironori Mitsuyoshi, Hiroki Ishikawa, Yoshiki Nakajima, Motonari Sakai, Toshihide Shima, Kei Kashima
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To clarify the relationship between the occurrence of unusual trihydroxy bile acids, namely hyocholic acid, ursocholic acid (UCA), and ω–muricholic acid (ω–MCA) in urine and liver disease severity, urinary bile acids were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography in acute and late phases of acute hepatitis and before and after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) loading in healthy adults and liver cirrhosis patients. In 11 patients with acute hepatitis, the occurrence rates and amounts of unusual trihydroxy bile acids were increased in the late (recovery) phase, as compared with those in the early phase. In 10 patients with severe acute hepatitis who had prothrombin times exceeding 16 seconds, these bile acids had completely disappeared from the urine in the early phase but reappeared in the late phase in those who had a good outcome, though never in a patient who died. After UDCA administration for a week, the amounts of unusual bile acids, especially UCA and ω–MCA, which are thought to be synthesized through 12 α– and 6 α–hydroxylations, respectively, from UDCA, were clearly increased in 10 healthy adults but only slightly changed in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, hepatic hydroxylations of dihydroxy bile acids as a detoxification reaction were impaired in severe liver diseases, which may play a role in the intensification and perpetuation of hepatocellular injuries.
The Triple-X Syndrome
Authors: A. W. Johnston, M. A. Ferguson-Smith, S. D. Handmaker, H. W. Jones, G. S. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1961)

A STAPHYLOCOCCAL EPIDEMIC BRDILsHNo definite relationship was seen between the number and duration of the lesions in any particular patient and the total number of nasal swabs from him which yielded Staph.pyogenes.Moreover, lesions were frequently present when the nasal swab was negative, and vice versa.In fact, we obtained no useful information from the nasal swabs after we had made the preliminary survey of the types of staphylococci involved in the outbreak. ClinicalThe subsequent course of the epidemic is shown by the following numbers of lesions which appeared in successive months:November Ito 15 39 i 41 1960 {January 5 19591 ,
Health of socially excluded groups: lessons must be applied
Authors: A. M Grant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The editorial by Watt points out that projects targeting socially excluded groups tend to address consequences rather than addressing the causative issues.1 It is often the provision of evidence of shocking health figures, such as those for children looked after and accommodated by the local authority (in care), that underpins the release of funding.2 These initiatives will have a beneficial effect on the health of the nation only if lessons learnt from them are applied to mainstream …
SYPHILITIC DISEASE OF THE ARTERIES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM WITH DETAILED REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: E. M. HUMMEL
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The importance of arteritis or endarteritis as a lesion of syphilis has become well appreciated, especially since the writings of Huebner, Baumgarten, Marchand, Rieder, Nonne, and others. Only recently, however, has sufficient emphasis been placed on the tendency of specific arteritis to appear shortly after primary infection, and on the relative frequency of isolated involvement of the arterial system as compared to the other rather more familiar forms of nervous syphilis implicating the meninges and surrounding structures of the central organ, etc. As regards the time elapsing between the occurrence of the initial sore and the intervention of symptoms of arterial disease, the tendency of recent writers on this subject, especially Nonne, of Hamburg, is to insist on the very early development of arteritis after the primary infection. The latter author quotes a case in which symptoms of cerebral softening occurred even before the primary sore had healed. Not only
Dynamic Foot Pressure and Other Studies as Diagnostic and Management Aids in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Andrew J M Boulton, Colin A Hardisty, Roderic P Betts, Christopher I Franks, Richard C Worth, John D Ward, Thomas Duckworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The pressures and loads under the feet during walking have been compared in three groups of 41 patients each, using a microprocessor-controlled optical system. Group A consisted of patients with diabetic neuropathy, group B of non-neuropathic diabetic patients, and group C of nondiabetic controls. Thirteen patients in group A had a history of neuropathic foot ulceration. Other investigations in the diabetic patients included motor conduction velocity (MCV) in the median and peroneal nerves, vibration perception threshold (VPT) in the great toes, the valsalva response (VR), skin resistance (SR), and the ankle pressure index (API). Fifty-one percent of neuropathic feet had abnormally high pressures underneath the metatarsal heads compared with 17% of the diabetic controls and 7% of nondiabetic subjects. All those feet with previous ulceration had abnormally high pressures at the ulcer sites. Of the other investigations, the VPT correlated most significantly with the presence of foot ulceration. In addition, a low median and peroneal nerve MCV, an abnormal VR, a high API, and the absence of sweating all correlated with the presence of foot ulceration. We therefore conclude that simple bedside investigations, such as measurement of the VPT alone, may be useful in identifying those patients at risk of foot ulceration. Foot pressure studies may then be used in such patients as a predictive and management aid by determining specific areas under the foot that are prone to ulceration.
The TUBB1 Q43P functional polymorphism reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in men by modulating platelet function and structure
Authors: Kathleen Freson, Rita De Vos, Christine Wittevrongel, Chantal Thys, Johan Defoor, Luc Vanhees, Jos Vermylen, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Chris Van Geet
Journal: Blood (2005)
Congenital defects: mothers' reactions to first information.
Authors: E. D'Arcy
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Intestinal obstructions42 6 1 Esomphalostruction .. .. 3 18-8 Hirschsprung's disease .. .. 10 1-4Names and addresses were obtained from the Liverpool Congenital Abnormalities Register (Smithells, 1962).Illegiti- mate babies were excluded from this study.Most of the babies wee born during the four-year period 1960-3.The mothers were interviewed during 1966 and 1967.
A piece of my mind. Ricky
Authors: P. T. Leff
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The subway lurched as my eyes swung past headlines routinely dotting the urban landscape: "Teen Arrested in School Rape." A jolt. I read and reread the name—a child's name. Ricky. Ricky indeed would be 15 years old this year. Could that chubby, troubled 9-year-old boy I had known and treated so many years ago be today's "teen monster," a molester of little girls? Memories of Ricky. Ricky's world of rage and of sadness. "Mommy," the maternal grandmother (a diabetic woman in her 60s who required extensive medical attention), was his caretaker. She gasped for breath and struggled to regain her composure. "Dr Leff, he was 30 pounds and 5 years old when I got him. With the help of the Lord.... Look at him now.... My daughter drank too much.... My daughter...." She sighed and fixed her eyes on the fat, morose boy grimly drawing in the corner. "Ricky, stand
Meta-analysis of the role of oral contraceptive agents in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: P G Godet, G R May, L R Sutherland
Journal: Gut (1995)

Numerous epidemiological studies have been performed to determine factors that might contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Although the role of oral contraceptive agents in Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have been assessed, most studies were of small sample size and characterised by low statistical precision. A meta-analysis was performed to increase the statistical power and to investigate the association between the use of oral contraceptives and the development of CD and UC. The study was based on a search of a Medline database from 1975 to October 1993 and a review of reference lists from published articles, reviews, symposia proceedings, and abstracts from major gastrointestinal meetings. All studies specifically designed to evaluate this association were selected. The combined results of nine studies--two cohort studies (30,379 unexposed and 30,673 exposed patients) and seven case-control studies (482 CD, 237 UC, and 3198 controls)--which satisfied our selection criteria were evaluated. The pooled relative risk (adjusted for smoking) associated with oral contraceptive use was 1.44 (1.12, 1.86) for CD and 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) for UC. These results suggest modest associations between the use of oral contraceptives and the development of CD and UC. As these associations are weak, non-causal explanations for the findings cannot be eliminated.
Kala-Azar and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Miguel Yebra, Javier Segovia, Luis Manzano, Juan A. Vargas, Luis Bernaldo De Quirós, Jorge Alvar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1988Kala-Azar and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)MIGUEL YEBRA, M.D., JAVIER SEGOVIA, M.D., LUIS MANZANO, M.D., JUAN A. VARGAS, M.D., LUIS BERNALDO DE QUIRÓS, JORGE ALVAR, M.D.MIGUEL YEBRA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAVIER SEGOVIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LUIS MANZANO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JUAN A. VARGAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LUIS BERNALDO DE QUIRÓSSearch for more papers by this author, JORGE ALVAR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-906_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In our letter in the March issue (1), a point should be modified. In the sentence, "Their [parasites] presence in clinically unaffected skin is unprecedented," the last word should be changed to "exceptional." Thus, visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous dissemination should be included among indicator diseases in section Ha of the 1987 revision of the Centers for Disease Control's Surveillance Case Definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (2), instead of section Ib as formerly proposed.In any case, these changes are irrelevant to the practical concerns of the physician who deals with these diseases....References1. YEBRASEGOVIAMANZANOVARGASBERNALDO DE QUIRÓS MJLJL. Disseminated-to-skin kala-azar and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:490-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Revision of the CDC Surveillance Case Definition for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Leads from the MMWR. JAMA. 1987;258:1143-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLeishmanioses viscérales infantiles du centre tunisien (221 cas)Enquête réalisée en 1988 auprès des laboratoires de parasitologie sur l'incidence des examens liés à l'infection VIH 1 June 1988Volume 108, Issue 6Page: 906-906KeywordsAIDSDisease surveillanceKala-azarLeishmaniasisMetastasis Issue Published: 1 June 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Use of Inferior X-Ray Tubes.
Authors: H. W. Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Springfield, Mass., June 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the Boston session of the American Medical Association one of the things that struck me very forcibly was the number of good exhibits of<i>x</i>-ray apparatus made almost useless through inferior tubes. Apparatus that<i>per se</i>seemed powerful enough, developed no clear-cut image on the screen. In many instances complicated foreign tubes were being exploited. These were expensive and seemed to me only remarkable for the amount of inverse discharge they recorded. I have for some time been using Green and Bauer American-made tubes and find them much better than the imported Gundelach tubes I formerly employed. Why go past a good American product for an inferior foreign make? I agree very heartily with Dr. Piffard in his paper concerning the value of tubes that these (tube No. 2 being G. &amp; B.) are remarkable not only as to lack
A Very Effective Treatment for Neovascular Macular Degeneration
Authors: Edwin M. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration, a potentially blinding disease, is now epidemic in the developed world. Roughly one in three people will be affected to some degree by the age of 75 years.1 Medicine's tremendous successes in the battles against cancer, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and other common killers have raised the average life expectancy in many countries to more than 75 years and in so doing have inadvertently delivered a new scourge to mankind.In this issue of the Journal, de Jong2 discusses age-related macular degeneration as a complex disorder that begins decades before a patient becomes symptomatic, a molecular derangement . . .
Long-term effect of interferon alpha trealment in mastocytosis
Authors: U. Lippery, B.M. Henz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Long‐term effect of interferon alpha trealment in mastocytosis Get access U. Lippery, U. Lippery Department of Dermatology Virchow‐Klinikum Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 13344 Berlin. Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.M. Henz B.M. Henz Department of Dermatology Virchow‐Klinikum Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 13344 Berlin. Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 6, 1 June 1996, Page 1164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07977.x Published: 01 June 1996
Intracorporeal Electrohydraulic Shock Wave Lithotripsy of Common Bile Duct Stones: Preliminary Results in 7 Cases
Authors: C. L. Liguory, D. Bonnel, J. M. Canard, F. Cornud, J. L. Dumont
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

We performed contact endobiliary electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy in 7 high-risk patient with unextractable common bile duct stones after EPT. The lithotripsy electrode was brought into contact with the stone through a percutaneous transhepatic approach in 5 cases and an endoscopic route in 5 cases. Firing of the shock wave was performed under fluoroscopic control in 4 patients and under endoscopic guidance via a transhepatic percutaneous cholangioscopy in 2 and peroral cholangioscopy in one case. Stones were fragmented in all the cases but one. Fragments were evacuated into the duodenum by simple lavage through the transhepatic drain in 5 cases, and by duodenoscopy in one. In 2 patients, hemobilia, which was controlled by transfusions, was observed. This type of percutaneous contact lithotripsy requires multiple maneuvers, which increase the risk and the hospital stay. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is simpler, but also has disadvantages. Peroral lithotripsy under endoscopic control performed immediately after EPT would be the most practical solution, but this technique implies the use of new fiberscopes and other energy supplies that are easier to handle.