tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of microcalorimetry of Escherichia coli growth and discriminant analysis to the quality assessment of a Chinese herbal injection (Yinzhihuang)
Authors: Yongshen Ren, Ping Zhang, Dan Yan, Yan Yan, Longhu Chen, Lingling Qiu, Zhinan Mei, Xiaohe Xiao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

This paper describes a novel approach to the quality control of a Chinese herbal injection based on microcalorimetric determination of its effect on the biothermal active fingerprint (BTAF) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth. Yinzhihuang Injection (YZHI) was selected for this proof of concept study. Reference samples of YZHI were collected and compared with test (stressed) samples prepared under different stress conditions. The BTAF of E. coli growth was found to be affected by YZHI and the changes were analyzed on the basis of eleven biothermokinetic parameters. Similarity and multivariate statistical analysis were used to investigate the differences between reference and test samples and discriminant analysis was used to delineate the altered samples. Reference samples were found to have coincident BTAFs with similarity index >0.99. Stressed samples showed differences in the BTAF which increased in line with decreased quality. Discriminant formulae were developed based on a sensitivity parameter which could identify all altered samples. In conclusion, BTAF can be used to assess the quality of YZHI both qualitatively and quantitatively and has the potential to provide a sensitive method for quality control of Chinese herbal injections.
Brucellosis induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a 7 year old child.
Authors: A Gedalia, C Howard, M Einhorn
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The case is reported of a 7 year old Bedouin girl who presented with a three week history of fever and limp. Initial tests for rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and brucella were negative. Two weeks after admission Brucella melitensis was cultured from bone marrow and synovial fluid samples. The patient improved after treatment with doxycillin and streptomycin, but radiographs of the right hip showed avascular necrosis of the right femoral head. A mild limp and limitation of motion in the right hip persisted 18 months after admission.
NOVEL TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY SEROMA AFTER INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors: G Martel, J Ahmad, M Taylor
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Seroma formation is a common complication after repair of abdominal wall hernia, which can lead to significant morbidity. Despite new technologies the treatment of seroma remains a challenge. We present a case where a novel technique of percutaneous injection of a fibrin sealant was used, with subsequent full resolution. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> A 43 year old lady with a past history of previous laparoscopic incisional hernia repair presented with a recurrence. Following open repair, she developed an extremely symptomatic seroma which was refractory to traditional treatment with multiple drainages. Subsequently a drain was inserted, and the cavity allowed to empty until collapsed. A fibrin sealant was then injected into the cavity, and the drain removed. <h3>Method</h3> A full literature search was carried out, and any reported use of fibrin sealant in the setting of seroma formation documented. The patient was followed up a clinic one month following treatment, and clinically assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Clinical assessment at one month follow up revealed no evidence of seroma recurrence. After full literature research there were no previously reported cases where fibrin sealant had been used to treat refractive seroma following incisional hernia repair. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This case report presents the successful use of fibrin sealant to treat a resistant seroma after incisional hernia repair. This approach may prove to be effective in promoting resolution of troublesome seromas. Further studies are required to establish its efficacy.
Potassium Tellurite in Diphtheria Diagnosis
Authors: E. Tomlin
Journal: BMJ (1939)

of inefficient natural teeth by dentures which are more efficient mechanically.In the prophylaxis of dyspepsia, therefore, a healthy mouth is of great value in order that sound natural teeth may be conserved as completely and as long as possible.When they are lost immediate and faultless prosthetic dentistry is essential.The relation between dental sepsis and rheumatismis even more uncertain.We do not wish to underrate the importance of a healthy mouth in the maintenance of the general health, or the efforts of dental surgeons to accom- plish this ideal.The fact remains, however, that there is no convincing evidence that dental sepsis is a cause of rheumatism.Our own series is admittedly too small to give any satisfactory indication, but-it seems probable that all forms of rheumatism can arise for the first time in an edentulous patient and that, apart from the mechanical factor, which does not arise, the position is similar in rheumatic conditions and in dyspepsias.Furthermore, gross dental infection is apparently coin- patible with good general health.It is suggested, there- fore, that teeth should be treated on their merits in each case, regardless of what rheumatic or dyspeptic symptoms may also be present.Indiscrimina/te removal should not be advocated on the theory that it will influence the couirse of the disease.Summary An inquiry has been made into the after-histories of 234 out-patients in whom all the teeth had been removed for various reasons.Seventy-six of these patients had previously suffered from dyspepsia, and the teeth had been removed on the theory that dental sepsis was responsible for their condition.Six had been benefited.Thirteen had pre- viously suffered from rheumatic symptoms, and extraction of septic teeth appeared to have had a beneficial effect in five cases.In 126 cases the teeth had all been extracted for purely dental reasons.Thirty-nine of these patients developed symptoms of dyspepsia, and nineteen developed symptoms of rheumatism.The widely accepted relation between dental sepsis and dyspepsia and rheumatism is questioned.The mechanical factor, due to inadequate teeth, would appear to be more important than the septic factor in the pathogenesis of dyspepsia.A healthy mouth is valuable largely because it leads to conservation of the teeth.When extraction cannot be avoided, early, adequate, and efficient prosthetic dentistry is essential in the prophylaxis of all types of dyspepsia.
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Judith M. E. Walsh, Jonathan P. Terdiman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Screening for colorectal cancer clearly reduces colorectal cancer mortality, yet many eligible adults remain unscreened. Several screening tests are available, and various professional organizations have differing recommendations on which screening test to use. Clinicians are challenged to ensure that eligible patients undergo colorectal cancer screening and to guide patients in choosing what tests to receive. <h3>Objective</h3> To critically assess the evidence for use of the available colorectal cancer screening tests, including fecal occult blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, and newer tests, such as virtual colonoscopy and stool-based molecular screening. <h3>Data Sources</h3> All relevant English-language articles were identified using PubMed (January 1966-August 2002), published meta-analyses, reference lists of key articles, and expert consultation. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> Studies that evaluated colorectal cancer screening in healthy individuals and assessed clinical outcomes were included. Evidence from randomized controlled trials was considered to be of highest quality, followed by observational evidence. Diagnostic accuracy studies were evaluated when randomized controlled trials and observational studies were not available or did not provide adequate evidence. Studies were excluded if they did not evaluate colorectal screening tests and if they did not evaluate average-risk individuals. <h3>Data Synthesis</h3> Randomized controlled trials have shown that fecal occult blood testing can reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Case-control studies have shown that sigmoidoscopy is associated with a reduction in mortality, and observational studies suggest colonoscopy is effective as well. Combining fecal occult blood testing and sigmoidoscopy may decrease mortality and can increase diagnostic yield. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The recommendation that all men and women aged 50 years or older undergo screening for colorectal cancer is supported by a large body of direct and indirect evidence. At present, the available evidence does not currently support choosing one test over another.
Gender Differences in Time Spent on Parenting and Domestic Responsibilities by High-Achieving Young Physician-Researchers
Authors: Shruti Jolly, Kent A. Griffith, Rochelle DeCastro, Abigail Stewart, Peter Ubel, Reshma Jagsi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Female physician-researchers do not achieve career success at the same rate as men. Differences in nonprofessional responsibilities may partially explain this gap. Objective: To investigate the division of domestic labor by gender in a motivated group of early-career physician-researchers. Design: Nationwide postal survey between 2010 and 2011. Setting: United States. Participants: Physician recipients of National Institutes of Health K08 or K23 awards between 2006 and 2009 with active academic affiliation at the time of the survey. Measurements: Time spent on parenting and domestic tasks was determined through self-report. Among married or partnered respondents with children, a linear regression model of time spent on domestic activities was constructed considering age, gender, race, specialty, MD or MD/PhD status, age of youngest child, number of children, work hours, K award type, and spousal employment. Results: A 74% response rate was achieved, and 1049 respondents were academic physicians. Women were more likely than men to have spouses or domestic partners who were employed full-time (85.6% [95% CI, 82.7% to 89.2%] vs. 44.9% [CI, 40.8% to 49.8%]). Among married or partnered respondents with children, after adjustment for work hours, spousal employment, and other factors, women spent 8.5 more hours per week on domestic activities. In the subgroup with spouses or domestic partners who were employed full-time, women were more likely to take time off during disruptions of usual child care arrangements than men (42.6% [CI, 36.6% to 49.0%] vs. 12.4% [CI, 5.4% to 19.5%]). Limitations: Analyses relied on self-reported data. The study design did not enable investigation of the relationship between domestic activities and professional success. Conclusion: In this sample of career-oriented professionals, gender differences in domestic activities existed among those with children. Most men's spouses or domestic partners were not employed full-time, which contrasted sharply with the experiences of women. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
New Look for the BMA?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

WHEN I was in the United States last June, the proceedings of the AMA meeting in Los Angeles were being fully reported in the lay press. Many of the American doctors with whom I discussed these reports told me that the AMA did not represent their point of view, and many doubted whether it represented the views of the majority of doctors in the United States. I assured them that I was aware of this situation and explained that similar remarks were often made about the BMA by British doctors. There is no doubt that the BMA is popularly assumed . . .
THE CULTIVATION AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIROCHÆTA OBERMEIERI (RECURRENTIS)
Authors: I. J. Kligler, O. H. Robertson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A study of the growth requirements of Spirochœta obermeieri resulted in the perfection of a method which enabled us (1) to cultivate the organisms consistently from the blood of infected mice and rats, (2) to maintain the viability of cultures for periods of at least 3 to 7 weeks, and (3) to carry them on in successive subcultures by transplanting at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks. This method is essentially the same as the Noguchi technique for the cultivation of the Leptospira group, but emphasizes control of the physicochemical factors that act to limit and prevent growth and prescribes the conditions necessary to counteract the injurious influences. The main facts may be briefly summarized as follows: (a) Ascitic fluid, horse or rabbit serum may be used as culture fluids. (b) These fluids become progressively more alkaline on exposure to air. (c) Uniformly successful results depend chiefly on the proper adjustment and stabilization of the reaction. (d) A balanced reaction can be secured by adding 1.0 per cent peptone broth or egg albumin as buffer, and covering the culture with a layer of oil. (e) The reaction limits for growth and survival are between pH 6.8 and 8.2, with the optimum at pH 7.2 to 7.4. (f) Spirochœta obermeieri is a strict aerobe, consequently in order to permit adequate aeration, the oil layer should not exceed 1.5 cm. in height.
Mexico summit calls for greater commitment to health research
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governments should fund the necessary health research to ensure vibrant health systems and to reduce inequity and social injustice, health ministers urged at the conclusion of the summit on health research held in Mexico last week.

No specific level of funding was agreed, despite an initial suggestion that governments in developing countries might invest 2% of national health expenditure in research and capacity building and that development agencies could earmark at least 5% of their financing of the health sector for the same purpose, proposals first made by the international Commission on Health Research for Development in 1990.

Fifty eight ministries of health were represented, half by ministers, at the four day summit, which was designed to build momentum for a global initiative to strengthen health systems through research and in the process to help achieve the United Nations' millennium development goals.

A 10 point call for action was agreed by the ministerial representatives. The annual meeting of the Global Forum for Health Research, held in parallel, also issued a statement calling for research to be used to improve equity in global health.

Dr Julio Frenk, Mexico's minister of health …
Myocardial Metabolism in Progressive Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: J. F. SUNDERMEYER, S. GUDBJARNASON, V. E. WENDT, P. B. DEN BAKKER, R. J. BING
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Myocardial metabolism was studied in 11 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy. Coronary blood flow was measured in four, the cardiac output in six patients. The blood concentrations of oxygen, glucose, inorganic phosphate, pyruvate, and lactate, and the serum activities of malic dehydrogenase and aldolase were determined in simultaneously drawn coronary sinus and arterial blood samples. The cardiac outputs were elevated in all patients. Myocardial extractions of pyruvate and lactate were negative in two patients. Inorganic phosphate concentrations in blood were elevated. Malic dehydrogenase and aldolase were released by the heart in several patients. Differences in oxidation-reduction potential between arterial and coronary venous blood were positive, suggesting glycolysis in the heart muscle. This was accompanied by increased myocardial extraction of glucose. Apparently aerobic glycolysis occurred, since sufficient oxygen was present to account for all glucose extracted. Stimulation of glycolysis by inorganic phosphate was suggested by the relationship between the elevated inorganic phosphate concentration in blood and the myocardial glucose extraction. This suggests the possibility of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorlyation in the myocardium.
Inefficacy Interim Monitoring Procedures in Randomized Clinical Trials: The Need to Report
Authors: Edward L Korn, Boris Freidlin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Abstract If definitive evidence concerning treatment effectiveness becomes available from an ongoing randomized clinical trial, then the trial could be stopped early, with the public release of results benefiting current and future patients. However, stopping an ongoing trial based on accruing outcome data requires methodological rigor to preserve validity of the trial conclusions. This has led to the use of formal interim monitoring procedures, which include inefficacy monitoring that will stop a trial early when the experimental treatment appears not to be working. For participants, inefficacy monitoring is especially important as it ensures that they are not being treated worse than if they had not enrolled on the trial. We discuss the importance of reporting with trial results the formal interim inefficacy monitoring guidelines that were utilized, and, if none were used, the reasons for their absence. A survey of two leading medical journals suggests that this is not current practice. Keywords: futility interim monitoringdata and safety monitoring boardsearly stoppinginterim analysisrandomized trialclinical research Acknowledgments This article is not subject to U.S. Copyright Law.
CARE OF THE NEW-BORN IN THE FIRST WEEKS OF LIFE
Authors: E. J. HUENEKENS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In this paper I shall attempt to consider only the more important aspects of the care of the new-born in the first few weeks of life. No attempt will be made to cover the entire ground, but stress will be placed chiefly on subjects which have not been sufficiently emphasized in the past, such as physical care of the new-born, congenital defects and injuries, infection, hemorrhage and feeding. The physical care includes proper clothing, bathing, external temperature and the administration of fluids. New-born infants are apt to be kept in rooms in which too high a temperature is maintained. They frequently respond to too high an external temperature with fever, just as they respond with a subnormal temperature if they become chilled. Many an obscure fever in the new-born would be diagnosed if the room temperature were more carefully observed. The same applies to the clothing of the infant; chilling
Differential control of band 3 lateral and rotational mobility in intact red cells.
Authors: J D Corbett, P Agre, J Palek, D E Golan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Measurements of integral membrane protein lateral mobility and rotational mobility have been separately used to investigate dynamic protein--protein and protein-lipid interactions that underlie plasma membrane structure and function. In model bilayer membranes, the mobilities of reconstituted proteins depend on the size of the diffusing molecule and the viscosity of the lipid bilayer. There are no direct tests, however, of the relationship between mechanisms that control protein lateral mobility and rotational mobility in intact biological membranes. We have measured the lateral and rotational mobility of band 3 in spectrin-deficient red blood cells from patients with hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. Our data suggest that band 3 lateral mobility is regulated by the spectrin content of the red cell membrane. In contrast, band 3 rotational mobility is unaffected by changes in spectrin content. Band 3 lateral mobility and rotational mobility must therefore be controlled by different molecular mechanisms.
Abstract 2967: Long QT Syndrome Genes Modulate The Effect Of NOS1AP Haplotypes On Cardiac Repolarization
Authors: Marta Tomas, Isaac Subirana, Raffaela Bloise, Carlo Napolitano, Chiara Lazzarini, Aravinda Chakravarti, Eduardo Marban, Peter M Spooner, Silvia G Priori
Journal: Circulation (2007)
GMC approves change in the standard of proof
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An initiative from the World Health Organization has been launched to make drugs as simply and safely available to children as they are to adults.Speaking last week at the launch in London, WHO's assistant director general, Howard Zucker, said that "there is a gap between the availability of children's medicines and the actual need.That gap is global and must be addressed."The problem is not new."It's a reality we've lived with for many years," Dr Zucker admitted.Most drugs are developed for and tested in adults.Less than a third come in a form appropriate for children.As a result, many children are treated using drugs that are effectively unlicensed.Medical staff may be obliged to estimate the appropriate fraction of an adult dose, and then crush tablets or extract part of the contents of a capsule.One study by WHO has shown that drug errors are three times as common in children as in adults (JAMA 2001;285:2114-20).Unicef claims that of the 10 million under 5s who will have died by the end of this year, specific products for children could have saved two thirds.Hans Hogerzeil, WHO's director of drugs policy and standards, listed areas in which more effort is needed, in which drugs do exist but were of unknown safety and efficacy.Examples include agents for dealing with tuberculosis; HIV; and several neglected conditions, such as schistosomiasis.Development is essential in areas in which adult drugs need to be adapted to make them suitable and safe for children.Illnesses in this category include malaria, neonatal infections that could be treated by antibiotics, and tuberculosis.Finally, said Dr Hogerzeil, improved access is the priority where drugs exist but are prevented from reaching the children who needed them because of cost."Make medicines child size" is at www.who.int/childmedicines/en. WHO launches� campaign to make drugs� s�afer for childrenUK NEWS GMC approves change in the standard of proof, p 1230 World NEWS �d�� �a�� a��o�� dr�g co�panies to pro�ote off��a�e� �ses, p 122� �d�� �a�� a��o�� dr�g co�panies to pro�ote off��a�e� �ses, p 122� , p 122� ��j.co�Go�iath �oves into hea�thcare records Go�iath �oves into hea�thcare records
Diagnosis of infective endocarditis
Authors: B. D Prendergast
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Since Osler's description of the classical signs—beloved of medical students, postgraduates, and their examiners—infective endocarditis has remained a clinical diagnosis.1 But despite improved preventive strategies, rational prescribing of antibiotics, advances in imaging, and increasing use of lifesaving cardiac surgery at an early stage the incidence and mortality of the condition remain high. Current estimates suggest an incidence of 1.7-6.2 per 100 000 person years in the United States.2Mortality varies according to the infecting organism (viridans streptococci 4-16%, Staphylococcus aureus 25-47%, fungal infections over 50%) and is higher when infection affects a prosthetic valve or is complicated by congestive heart failure, abscess formation, or a neurological event. 2 3 Infective endocarditis often presents in an occult fashion, and early diagnosis depends on a high index of clinical suspicion especially in patients with congenital heart disease, prosthetic valves, or previous infective endocarditis. Sadly, clinical experience shows that the sickest patients are often referred late for imaging, specialist care, or surgery, even when the diagnosis has been …
Pediatrician is censured for faking data in 10 published papers
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A former professor of pediatrics who held an endowed chair in diabetes research at the University of Kentucky has been censured by the US Office of Research Integrity (ORI) for research misconduct spanning 10 years.1

Eric J Smart, who held joint appointments as professor of pediatrics and of physiology, resigned from the university last May after an investigation. He faked data in 10 published papers, seven grant applications, one submitted manuscript, and three progress reports, ORI said.

Smart, who held a number of research grants from the National Institutes …