tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF CERVICAL GLANDS IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW OF 330 CONSECUTIVE CASES
Authors: G. G. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (1929)

character is the essential signi.But if it be a(lmitted that this perversity may remain -markedly idenitical to tlhat of the age of tllc beginiing of the (lisease-for instanice, as in the case of Alix-onie can quiite conceive its seening considerably exaggerated wlheni the patient lhas become an adolescent of 18, a young mnani of 25, and, with all the moire reason, a man of mature age.Onie is thus temipted to see deep instinctivo perversity where there exists only tile puerile perversity of a weak-minded person.Theie lies the capital phenomenon, wllich it is easy to recogniize as soon as attention has been drawn to it.The perversity of the congeniital pervert, in fact, increases with age; in thle case of the post-encephalitic it may get better, or somiletimes worse; mllost frequently it remains identical through the different periods of his life, but-and this is the essential poinit-with a mental debility which is henceforth constitutional.Thiis state may improve in some cases, but frequently it chlaniges for the worse or remains stationary; onie is then obliged to put such} patients.inschools for nervou.sanid abniormial children, like the one of which I am the head at Le Bonscat, near Bordeaux, or in reformatories whleni they aie too difficult to look after and watch over.But in aniy case it is the state of mental debility wlhichl doimiinates the cliiical picture. CONCLUSIONS.To suim up: w-hat must be lrememibered is tllc ririability of tlle post-encephalitic delin'quent calse, tlhe fund-anental ba.sis of wlhiclh is, above all, mental debilitv.One does iiot meet witli distinct, unmistakable, categ'orical types of dIeliniquients; they are irregular, iunidefinied, and do nlot fit into aniy of the nosographic classificatio'ns wlhicll have beenl established up to the present.It wouild' seem that the morbi(d hiistological diffusion of the enceplhalitic v'irUs, w-hich1 i's so evident, inivolves a sort of regroupinig of menital clinical states, which, for the momenit, disorientate tlhe minid and bring to it an imipression of disorder.And, finally, there cain be recognized even in the enumneration of the descriptions of the mental clinical formiis themiselves, and of delinquency in l)articnlar, the polymorplhism of encephalomyelitis, to wlhichl I drew attenition in 1917, an(l wlhich, after hlavinig beeni ill iuniderstood and( rejected at that time, lhas to-day become a classic datum wlicll is no loniger eveln questioned.
AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT
Authors: HELMUT DENNIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

Article1 February 1938AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTTHE NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM*HELMUT DENNIG DR.HELMUT DENNIG DR.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-8-1472 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEven though, in the present day treatment of hyperthyroidism, operation is more frequently resorted to than is conservative treatment, nevertheless the latter still has a wide field of usefulness which is well worth reviewing. In Germany, opinion is still very much divided concerning the value of non-operative treatment. There are clinics where patients are seldom brought to operation and others which use only operative treatment. The majority probably occupy a middle ground. In this connection, I may refer to the questionnaire which we presented to several clinics a year ago.1A great many misunderstandings have arisen because of the fact...References1. DENNIG H: Die Behandlung der Basedow'schen Krankheiten, Med. Klin., 1935, xxxi, 40-42; 1291, 1361. Google Scholar2. WENDT H: Ueber d. Behandlung d. Basedow'schen Krankheiten mit grossen Dosen Vitamin A, München. med. Wchnschr., 1935, lxxxii, 1160. Google Scholar3. DENNIG H: Ueber die Wirksamkeit versch. Jodmengen u. s. w., Verhandl. d. deutsch. Ges. f. inn. Med., 1934, xlvi, 273. Google Scholar4. DENNIGSCHUELKE HE: München. med. Wchnschr., 1934, lxxxi, 1263. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Berlin*Received for publication August 21, 1937.Translation by Robert W. Buck, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByKrankheiten der Schilddrüse 1 February 1938Volume 11, Issue 8Page: 1472-1478KeywordsHyperthyroidismQuestionnaires Issue Published: 1 February 1938 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gall stone dissolution with methyl tert-butyl ether: how to avoid complications.
Authors: A Hellstern, M Leuschner, H Frenk, H W Dillinger, W Caspary, U Leuschner
Journal: Gut (1990)

Fifty of 52 patients with cholesterol gall bladder stones were treated with methyl tert-butyl ether. In 48 of 50 (96%) patients the stones dissolved after an average interval of 9.5 hours. Mean stone size was 1.7 cm (0.5-3.3 cm), mean stone number was 14.6 (1-70). Twelve patients (24%) complained of nausea, a burning sensation, or vomiting. In one patient bile leakage occurred and another suffered haematobilia (4%). The puncture set was improved, and a special basket was developed to extract stones that had escaped into the cystic duct. To prevent bile leakage or haemorrhage from the incision channel, a tissue adhesive was injected into the channel or ceruletid was administered subcutaneously before removing the catheter to induce contraction of the gall bladder. Thus we were able to treat 44 patients without any complications. Nausea and vomiting could be reduced if the treatment time was kept short and the perfusion volume was as low as possible. Methyl tert-butyl ether treatment is a successful treatment of gall bladder stones with few complications.
Differential depletion of carotenoids and tocopherol in liver disease
Authors: Maria A. Leo, Alan S. Rosman, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Carotenoids and tocopherols are major natural protective agents against free radical-mediated liver damage, but their levels in diseased liver are largely uncharted. Therefore we carried out measurements with high-pressure liquid chromatography of alpha- and beta-carotene, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, total retinoids and alpha- and gamma-tocopherol. Liver tissue was obtained from percutaneous needle biopsies, livers of transplant recipients or a donor bank. Compared with controls (transplant donors; n = 13), levels of all carotenoids and retinoids were extremely low at all stages of liver disease. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 11) had 20- and 25-fold decreases of levels of lycopene (p < 0.001) and alpha- and beta-carotene (p < 0.005), respectively. Even in subjects with less severe alcoholic liver disease (steatosis, perivenular fibrosis, portal fibrosis; n = 14) and in patients with nonalcoholic liver disease (n = 13), levels were four to six times lower than those in normal subjects. By contrast, levels of alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly only in patients with cirrhosis, who displayed a threefold reduction. In the serum of most patients, lycopene and tocopherol concentrations were not depressed, whereas one third of alpha- and beta-carotene levels were low, probably reflecting poor dietary intake. A significant correlation was observed between serum and liver alpha- and beta-carotene levels (p < 0.0001; r = 0.715). However, of the patients with extremely low liver alpha- and beta-carotene concentrations, more than half had blood levels in the normal range, suggesting that liver disease interferes with the uptake, excretion or, perhaps, metabolism of alpha- and beta-carotene. In the cirrhotic livers of eight candidates for liver transplantation, the ratios of alpha- and beta-carotene to total retinoids and of beta-carotene to retinoids were much higher than those in normal livers, suggesting some impairment in the conversion of alpha- and beta-carotene to retinoids. In most cases, even with high ratios, absolute levels of hepatic alpha- and beta-carotene and retinoids were severely depressed. We concluded that, even in the presence of normal serum levels alpha- and beta-carotene, tocopherol and lycopene, patients with cirrhosis have extremely low hepatic levels.
The contribution of the swallowed fraction of an inhaled dose of salmeterol to it systemic effects
Authors: JA Bennett, TW Harrison, AE Tattersfield
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Salmeterol is approximately eight times as potent as salbutamol for systemic effects. This may be because the drug is eight times more potent on receptors or there may be differences in systemic bioavailability. The systemic effects of salbutamol are limited by its fairly high first-pass metabolism, but the oral bioavailability of salmeterol is unknown. The contribution of the swallowed fraction of an inhaled dose of salmeterol to its systemic effects were analysed in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Twelve healthy subjects were given inhaled salmeterol 400 microg, inhaled salmeterol 400 microg plus oral activated charcoal or inhaled placebo plus oral activated charcoal on three separate days. Cardiac frequency (fC), Q-T interval corrected for heart rate (QTc), plasma potassium and glucose concentrations were measured for 4 h following the inhaled drug. Salmeterol with and without oral charcoal produced significant changes for all measures compared to placebo. The magnitude of effect following salmeterol alone was significantly greater than that following salmeterol plus charcoal for fC and glucose (mean (95% confidence interval) differences 8 (2-13) beats x min(-1), 0.59 (0.04, 1.13) mmol x L(-1), respectively) and nonsignificantly greater for QTc interval and potassium concentration. The differences between salmeterol given with and without charcoal suggest that 28-36% of the systemic response to salmeterol administered from a metered-dose inhaler are due to drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, most of the systemic effects are due to the inhaled fraction of the drug.
A NOTE ON A METHOD OF TREATING HAY FEVER AND PAROXYSMAL RHINORRHOEA
Authors: M. Agar
Journal: BMJ (1920)

MIEMORANDA.r Tcm Joamws 125 remain up for several hlours a day.Her diet was fairly varied, but sugiar ai(I very starchy foo(ds were forbiddeni.She toolk a draclhni and a ialf of so(lium bicarbonate ever y day.The amilouinit of sugar in the urinie dropped to 24 grams a day.During the summer and autumn of 1919 she kept fairly well, ald was able to get about tle house and garden, but at times
Effect of mexiletine on conduction of premature ventricular beats in man: a study using monophasic action potential recordings from the right ventricle
Authors: R. W. HARPER, S. B. OLSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Ventricular conduction intervals between a stimulating pacemaker electrode at the right ventricular apex and an impulse detecting monophasic action potential electrode at the right ventricular septum were measured in nine subjects. The right ventricle was paced at a constant rate and programmed premature ventricular stimuli were introduced after every eighth paced beat beginning at the refractory period. The ventricular conduction intervals were measured from the pacemaker artefact to the onset of depolarisation of the MAP recording. In the control recordings a short period of prolonged (subnormal) conduction lasting for 5 to 26 ms after the refractory period was present in six of the nine subjects. In eight subjects a period of 'supernormal' conduction lasting from 50 to 180 ms was present. The effect of mexiletine was to increase the subnormal conduction and to abolish the supernormal conduction. It is concluded that a small degree of supernormal conduction occurs in the normal human ventricle possibly as a result of phase 4 depolarisation of cells of the specialised conducting system.
Psychology, Psychologists, and Public Policy
Authors: Katherine M. McKnight, Lee Sechrest, Patrick E. McKnight
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2004)

Evidence-based policy is being encouraged in all areas of public service ( Black 2001 ). Unprecedented federal legislation reflects a faith in science “as a force for improved public policy” ( Feuer et al. 2002 ). The objective of evidence-based policy is to use scientific research to drive decision making. Thus, the link between social science research and public policy seems to be a natural one. The purpose of this chapter is to address how psychological science in general, and clinical psychology in particular, can be of use to public policy makers. We discuss how psychological science can be relevant and applicable to informing policy, and we describe the role clinical scientists might play in generating, disseminating, and implementing that information. We also note distinct limitations on the usefulness of psychological research in driving public policy. We discuss some pitfalls and recommend areas where clinical psychology might best serve public policy.
Edgar Leon Udwin
Authors: H. R Rollin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former director Broadmoor Hospital (b Johannesburg 1918; q Witwatersrand University 1942), died on 17 October 2002 after a long cardiac illness.

After the conventional jobs in South Africa, Edgar came to gain graduate experience in London. Deciding that psychiatry was his true vocation, he became a registrar at Horton Hospital, Epsom. After 13 years he became a consultant at Broadmoor, which was then undergoing the transition from an old time penal institution to a vibrant, modern psychiatric hospital. So valuable was his contribution to this transition that he was persuaded to become director, a post he held until his retirement in 1983. Edgar was instrumental in the discharge into the community or to conventional mental hospitals of longstay patients who were no longer a danger to the public. He leaves a wife, Alison, and three children.
Serum and bile secretory immunoglobulins and secretory component during the early postoperative course after liver transplantation
Authors: Solange Bresson-Hadni, Mireille Rossel, Estelle Seilles, Dominique-Angéle Vuitton, Khadija Guennoune, Bernard Hory, Jean-Philippe Miguet, Michel Gillet, Claude Vincent, Jean-Pierre Revillard
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Secretory component was assayed in serum and bile from 34 patients within 40 days after a first or a second (three cases) liver transplantation. Levels of serum secretory IgA and IgM and of a serum component referred to as immunoreactive free secretory component, identified by its reactivity with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to secretory component, were significantly elevated in all posttransplant patients compared with 45 healthy subjects and 10 kidney transplant patients (p < 0.0001). The highest serum levels of bound secretory component and of immunoreactive free secretory component were observed in patients with acute rejection. The elevation of immunoreactive free secretory component was significantly higher in patients with rejection as compared with patients with a graft ischemia (p = 0.002) or an uncomplicated postoperative evolution (p = 0.01). The highest levels of immunoreactive free secretory component and secretory IgM were observed in a transplant patient with selective IgA deficiency. No significant difference was seen between the levels of serum immunoreactive free secretory component observed in patients with rejection and those of patients with cytomegalovirus hepatitis or sepsis. Immunoreactive free secretory component, secretory IgA and secretory IgM levels measured in the serum of three patients with primary nonfunction were lower than those observed in the other groups. Immunoreactive free secretory component bile/serum ratios calculated from 16 patients were significantly higher in patients with acute rejection than in infected patients. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms of increase of serum immunoreactive free secretory component, secretory IgA and secretory IgM in various types of liver dysfunction. The increase observed in all the transplant patients (except in ischemia and primary nonfunction) could be the result of liver regeneration. However, the major increase observed in rejection could also be explained both by the cholangiocyte cytolysis and by an enhancement of secretory component synthesis by cytokines involved in the mechanisms of this immune reaction. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1046–1053.)
Obesity and Smoking Habits
Authors: T. Khosla, C. R. Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A large-scale survey of steel workers in South Wales has shown a considerable difference between the body weights of smokers and of non-smokers. The difference increases with age so that men over 40 years who have never smoked are on average 13 lb (5·9 kg) heavier than smokers. Even so, smokers are about 15 lb (6·8 kg) heavier than the weight standard considered desirable by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, while non-smokers are nearly 30 lb (13·6 kg) heavier. About 20% of the men are attempting to give up the smoking habit. Ex-smokers who have given up smoking for more than eight years approach the body weight of men of the same age who have never smoked. Many reports have been published on the health consequences of smoking and of obesity. Because smoking and obesity are inversely related studies of the interrelation of these two health hazards and of their relative importance are needed.
A CASE OF OSTEITIS FIBROSA CYSTICA (OSTEOMALACIA?) WITH EVIDENCE OF HYPERACTIVITY OF THE PARA-THYROID BODIES. METABOLIC STUDY I 1
Authors: R. R. Hannon, E. Shorr, W. S. McClellan, E. F. DuBois
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1930)

The history, general discussion and outstanding features of osteitis fibrosa cystica may be found in any system of medicine (1, 2).The mineral metabolism of osteitis fibrosa cystica and related diseases, such as osteomalacia and rickets, where there is a disturbance in the physiology of inorganic salt deposit has received much attention recently.In January 1926, a patient showing evidence of marked bone absorption with little replacement of calcium was admitted to Bellevue Hospital.Extensive studies of this rare condition were made in the metabolism wards of the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology, New York, and of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.This article will present a clinical resume of the case with the various find- ings of the first period of observation. CASE REPORTHistory.The patient Charies M., age 30, was admitted to Bellevue Hospital January 15, 1926.He was a master mariner in the merchant marine and in 1918 was navigating officer of a transport.He was at that time in fine physical con- dition, an active athlete, 6 feet 1 inch tall.His habits were good, his medical history uneventful and during his war service he was subjected at times to the nervous strain of navigating in the war zone.There were periods when his diet was low in calcium as he had almost no milk, eggs or green vegetables.In No- vember 1918 when 22 years old, he slipped and felt a sharp, severe pain in his right loin which lasted one week.Three months later pains were felt in the legs and hips, which became more severe, and extended upward to the lumbar spine.
On estimating basal metabolic rate from body mass: A potential pitfall in predicting post operative survival
Authors: Claus Bech
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In a recent article by Nishiwaki et al. [1], it was concluded that the basal metabolic rate (BMR) could be related to early death after an allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and that a ratio based on BMR potentially could be used as a predictor of post operative survival. However, I will argue that what the authors have demonstrated is a link between post operative survival and body mass and not BMR. The authors did not actually measure the metabolic rate in any of their patients. Instead, every patient's basal metabolism (PBM) was calculated based on an allometric equation, incorporating data on the sex, body mass, age, and height [2]. In addition, to account for residual variation due to body mass variation, the authors calculated an expected BMR (standard basal metabolism; SBM) at a standard body mass index (BMI) of 22. Based on these calculated values of BMR, they created the ratio PBM/SBM of which both positive and negative deviations were found to significantly decrease the survival rate. Since the use of any allometric equation to estimate metabolic rate only will provide an expected average value for the population in question, so will the use of the Harris-Benedict equation [2] only provide an estimate of the BMR of an average person of a given sex, age, height, and weight. The value will not provide any insight into any residual variation in metabolic rate. The same applies of course for the estimation of SBM in which the body mass is adjusted to provide a standard BMI. The ratio PBM/SBM will consequently solely depend on the body mass ratio, and not the metabolic rate, of the patient. To illustrate this point, I created a datafile of 60 males, all aged 50 years with varying body mass (50–88 kg) and height (150–190 cm). The calculated metabolic ratio (PBM/SBM) according to Nishiwaki and coworkers proved to be linearly correlated (r2 = 0.96, P < 0.001) to the ratio between the body masses only (Fig. 1). Hence, the metabolic ratio developed by Nishiwaki et al. [1] is not providing more information than using the ratio between the patient's actual body mass and the body mass corrected to a BMI of 22. The relationship between the metabolic ratio calculated according to Nishiwaki et al. [1] and the body mass ratio. See text for details. The results of Nishiwaki and coworkers could still be of predictive value, as their results indicate that patients with either low or high body mass could have a higher risk of early death after a stem-cell transplantation. Hence, I disagree with the authors in their conclusion that "both decreased and increased basal metabolism may be related to early death after allo-SCT" [1, page 610]. In contrast, decreased or increased body mass may constitute a potential risk. Claus Bech*, * Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Saskatchewan Medical Care Scheme
Authors: M. A. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDIc~ALJouUNAL 843 tant over the past three-and-a-half years, I have in fact been thinking of some form of tax advisory association, with a view to retaining the services of an accountant, suit- ably experienced in medical tax matters, yet reducing the cost thereof by having a larger number of doctors availing themselves of these services.While discussion continues as to how best we may implement changes in terms and conditions in our future Utopia, there is a great deal that can, and should be, done now.This will be most satisfactorily achieved by skilled guidance.-Iam, etc.,
The Treatment of Angular Deformities at the Hip-Joint: Read before the New York State Medical Association, October 10th, 1893
Authors: R. H. Sayre
Journal: BMJ (1893)

BnoLJANGULAR DEFORMITIES AT TIIE hIIP-JOINT.rDEC , 1 divided, they will still act in keeping the ezdges of the wound together, and thiebir divisioni relieves tension and(i revents ulceration.The lhorsehlair stitclhes Iliay be retained for tlle full eiglht days.