tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
National Health Insurance
Authors: GERSON JACOBS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973National Health InsuranceGERSON JACOBS, M.D., F.A.C.P.GERSON JACOBS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-282_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am sorry to have read Olser Peterson's analysis of national health insurance (Ann Intern Med78:739-749, 1973). His approach seems to be trapped in the arguments of the past, as if 10 years ago had not been replaced by today and as if Halberstam never wrote and Harry Schwartz never published. I am sorry that you allowed the article to be published without updating revisions, for it is just one more example of the complete capture of the College by academia....Reference1. SCHWARTZ H: The Case for American Medicine: A Realistic Look at Our Health Care System. New York, David McKay Co., Inc., 1972 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERSON JACOBS, M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 282-282KeywordsHealth insurance ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Priapus in Trouble: So What's New? (For the Articulate, Thelerethism)
Authors: L. David Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To  Editor.  —Are we impoverishing medical language?  I read with interest about nipple priapism in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. 1 I wonder if Dr Shirley is purposely avoiding  accepted—I would even daresay elegant—term for  persistent erection or protrusion of  nipple: thelerethism (also thelothism ) from  Greek thele (nipple, teat, the central point of  nipple). 2 The same origin can be traced in several words like thelarche, thelalgia , and thelitis .  I am trembling at  thought of somebody forgetting  term azoospermia and writing anovulia of  testis.  Words create ideas, wrote Nietzsche. Let us enrich and add precision to our terminology rather than  opposite.  On interrogation, Dr Shirley confessed to being an unreconstructed neologist. The idea conveyed is of an abnormal, persistent, painful, and tender erection in  absence of sexual desire. Despite a classical upbringing, I not only like this term, I can pronounce
Why RECIST Works and Why It Should Stay—Reply to Counterpoint
Authors: Manish R. Sharma, Michael L. Maitland, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

See Counterpoint by Fojo and Noonan, [p. 5151][1]

In their article entitled “Why RECIST Works and Why It Should Stay,” Fojo and Noonan argue that alternatives to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) definitions of response and progression would not accelerate improvements in
Chronic Caloric Restriction Preserves Mitochondrial Function in Senescence without Increasing Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Authors: Ian R. Lanza, Piotrek Zabielski, Katherine A. Klaus, Dawn M. Morse, Carrie J. Heppelmann, H. Robert Bergen, Surendra Dasari, Stephane Walrand, Kevin R. Short, Matthew L. Johnson, Matthew M. Robinson, Jill M. Schimke, Daniel R. Jakaitis, Yan W. Asmann, Zhifu Sun, K. Sreekumaran Nair
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Endosonographic Appearance of the Esophagus in Achalasia
Authors: K. Ziegler, C. Sanft, M. Friedrich, M. Gregor, E. O. Riecken
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Primary motility disorders of the esophagus require the exclusion of intramural tumors. The procedures currently used for the differential diagnosis of achalasia such as endoscopy with biopsy, esophageal and gastric radiography, abdomino-thoracic computed tomography and intraluminal esophageal manometry, are unsatisfactory when a tumor growing intramurally is suspected. A more recent method of studying the integrity of the gastrointestinal wall and its surrounding tissue is endoscopic ultrasonography. In 16 patients suspected of having achalasia, endosonography was performed in addition to the above-mentioned conventional examinations. Fifteen of them showed a normal ultrasonic structure of the wall of the gastro-esophageal junction, with no sign of hypertrophy of the smooth muscle layer. In the remaining case endoscopic ultrasonography was able to detect an intramural tumor, as evidenced by the inhomogeneous ultrasonic structure of the esophageal wall. Computed tomography and all the other conventional diagnostic procedures used failed to demonstrate this tumor. In conclusion, the findings presented strongly suggest that endosonography can contribute to the differential diagnosis of achalasia and intramural tumors.
Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a single minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 are effective against human lymphoblastic leukaemia in NOD/scid mice
Authors: L Hambach, B A Nijmeijer, Z Aghai, M L J van Schie, M H M Wauben, J H F Falkenburg, E Goulmy
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Activity of therapeutic JAK 1/2 blockade in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Silvia Spoerl, Nimitha R. Mathew, Michael Bscheider, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Sophia Chen, Tony Mueller, Mareike Verbeek, Julius Fischer, Vera Otten, Martina Schmickl, Kristina Maas-Bauer, Jürgen Finke, Christian Peschel, Justus Duyster, Hendrik Poeck, Robert Zeiser, Nikolas von Bubnoff
Journal: Blood (2014)
Use of Repaglinide During the First Weeks of Pregnancy in Two Type 2 Diabetic Women
Authors: Angela Napoli, Francesca Ciampa, Antonietta Colatrella, Francesco Fallucca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Repaglinide, the only glinide available in Italy, is a secretagogue developed for type 2 diabetes (1). There is no evidence about its use during human pregnancy. Studies on rats that showed its effects on long bone growth excluded any teratogenity (2). More data exist regarding the safety of metformin in pregnancy, even though it is not recommended as an oral hypoglycemic agent in diabetic pregnancy (3,4).

We report two case subjects of type 2 diabetic women who used repaglinide at conception and during the first 6–7 weeks …
ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO INFECTIONS WITH THE NEWLY CLASSIFIED TYPES OF PNEUMOCOCCI (COOPER) 1
Authors: Alexander W. Winkler, Maxwell Finland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

The separation of the pneumococci previously included in Group IV into serologically specific types (1) has made possible the accurate identification of nearly all pneumococci.In this paper will be presented the re- sult of studies on the specific antibody response of human subjects to infections associated with these newly classified types of pneumococci.Similar studies in patients with 2 important pairs of immunologically re- lated types of pneumococci, namely, Types III and VIII and Types II and V, have been reported in the preceding communications (2, 3) and only a summary of these results are included here for comparison.The sera of 190 patients with infections associated with pneumococci other than Type I were studied.The number of patients and sera in each of 3 kinds of cases studied are listed in Table I according to the type of pneumococcus obtained.The "non-pneumonias " include patients with
WHAT WE EAT AND WHAT IT COSTS.
Authors: D. H. GALLOWAY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

changes in the adventitia (Fig. 2).Occasionally mitotic nuclear figures were here met with.A marked proliferation of the subpericardial con- nective tissue had also taken place and the resulting new cells had invaded the heart muscle to a consider- able depth.The phenomena observed resulting from leucocytic invasion were: 1. Leucocytes of the polymorphous variety in transit through the vessel wall (Fig. 2).This was distinct and frequent, resulting ~»-»£,• <* *-•* .°Fig.2.-Showing the proliferation of the adventitial a, intima of a small arteriole ; b, nuclei of the muscle cells in the tunica media; c, leucocytes; d, muscle fibers.in, 2, accumulations of leucocytes in the adventitia among the formative cells.3. The occasional pres- ence of single leucocytes at long distances from the vessels where all changes were slight and, 4, the accu- mulation of leucocytes in foci in which degeneration
Expression of ?-fetoprotein and stem cell factor/c-kit system in bile duct ligated young rats
Authors: M Omori, R P Evarts, N Omori, Z Hu, E R Marsden, S S Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The existence of a facultative hepatic stem cell compartment in bile ductules that participates in the renewal process of epithelial cell populations in the liver is well documented. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the immature bile epithelium responds differently to growth stimulus induced by bile stasis to that seen in the adult animal. In addition, the possible involvement of the growth factor/receptor systems associated with early activation of hepatic stem cells in bile duct proliferation was also examined. Bile duct ligation was used to induce the proliferation of bile epithelial cells. The expression of full-length alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was used as an indicator for activation of the stem cell compartment. AFP was highly and selectively expressed in small bile ducts 7 days after bile duct ligation in immature rats up to 5 weeks of age. Although no significant increase in the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) c-kit, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) was observed 7 days after bile duct ligation in adult rats, the expression of all these growth factors was increased in bile duct ligated rats up to 5 weeks of age. These results suggest that the bile ductular epithelium in the young rats responds to bile stasis in a fashion that is phenotypically similar to that seen during early activation of hepatic stem cells in adult liver.
Surgery: Principles and Practice
Authors: John Raffensperger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Surgeons who studied the first two editions of Surgery while medical students or residents, or while preparing for surgery board examinations, will continue to find valuable information in the new edition. The authors have persisted in their objective to produce a basic but practical text for all students of surgery. The historical references sprinkled throughout emphasize the art of our profession as well as the science. The most appealing feature is the nicely balanced integration of physiology, biochemistry, and anatomy with clinical topics. The chapters on surgical philosophy, wound healing, and nonoperative surgical care deserve to be read by all physicians.  Of three new chapters, two on tumors of the head and neck and on operative surgical care are elementary and will interest chiefly medical students. Mathematical Analysis of Surgical Data clarifies obtruse statistical concepts and will help us understand data-collecting methods in research.  Any criticism of Surgery is akin
CME to Turn Specialists Into Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Albert J. Finestone
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Subspecialists in the United States now account for 70% of all physicians. 1 Many medical organizations as well as the purchasers of health care services believe that costs, patient satisfaction, and health care indices can be improved by reversing this trend. A goal of 50% of all physicians has been recommended. 2 Most medical schools are now in the process of reviewing and revising their curriculum with this goal in mind. Also, directors of house staff training programs are looking for methods to achieve this goal. 3 New fellowships are being designed for the burgeoning market in primary care.  President Clinton's health system reform bill would create a national council on graduate medical education. It would limit the number of specialists, allocate specialist and primary care residencies among qualified institutions, and steer federal aid accordingly. The goal is to nearly triple the percentage of graduates (now 19%)
Dutch Doctors and Their Patients — Effects of Health Care Reform in the Netherlands
Authors: J. André Knottnerus, Gabriël H.M. ten Velden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

It is still too early to draw definitive conclusions about the effects of the reform of the Dutch health care system, which was implemented in 2006. But physicians and patients are now living under the new system, and some of its consequences are becoming clear.Primary care has been at the center of Dutch health care practice for a long time. All citizens are registered with a general practitioner, who provides generalist and continuous medical care and deals with more than 95% of health problems. Specialist consultations are covered by insurance only after referral. Since World War II, insurance coverage . . .
Estimated Risk for Altered Fetal Growth Resulting from Exposure to Fine Particles during Pregnancy: An Epidemiologic Prospective Cohort Study in Poland
Authors: Wieslaw Jedrychowski, Ivona Bendkowska, Elzbieta Flak, Agnieszka Penar, Ryszard Jacek, Irena Kaim, John D. Spengler, David Camann, Frederica P. Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The purpose of this study was to estimate exposure of pregnant women in Poland to fine particulate matter [less than or equal to 2.5 microm in diameter (PM 2.5)] and to assess its effect on the birth outcomes. The cohort consisted of 362 pregnant women who gave birth between 34 and 43 weeks of gestation. The enrollment included only nonsmoking women with singleton pregnancies, 18-35 years of age, who were free from chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. PM 2.5 was measured by personal air monitoring over 48 hr during the second trimester of pregnancy. All assessed birth effects were adjusted in multiple linear regression models for potential confounding factors such as the size of mother (maternal height, prepregnancy weight), parity, sex of child, gestational age, season of birth, and self-reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The regression model explained 35% of the variability in birth weight (beta = -200.8, p = 0.03), and both regression coefficients for PM 2.5 and birth length (beta = -1.44, p = 0.01) and head circumference (HC; beta = -0.73, p = 0.02) were significant as well. In all regression models, the effect of ETS was insignificant. Predicted reduction in birth weight at an increase of exposure from 10 to 50 microg/m3 was 140.3 g. The corresponding predicted reduction of birth length would be 1.0 cm, and of HC, 0.5 cm. The study provides new and convincing epidemiologic evidence that high personal exposure to fine particles is associated with adverse effects on the developing fetus. These results indicate the need to reduce ambient fine particulate concentrations. However, further research should establish possible biologic mechanisms explaining the observed relationship.
Experimental Appraisal of Factors Involved in Provision of Donor Livers
Authors: J. H. Peacock, E. J. Immelman, K. E. F. Hobbs, S. K. Mitra, J. B. Bowes, A. C. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The results of a series of porcine orthotopic liver homotransplants have shown that hepatic damage is related almost entirely to the period of warm ischaemia following death. Low flow perfusion with modified plasma would seem to be a satisfactory method of preserving cadaveric livers for at least six hours. In man it would appear possible to use cadaver livers derived from patients who had or had not been treated with artificial ventilation during life, provided the period of warm ischaemia is not longer than 25 to 30 minutes.
Calcium supplementation of the diet.
Authors: B E Nordin, R P Heaney
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Glucans are immunomodulatory carbohydrates found in the cell walls of fungi and certain bacteria. We examined the pharmacokinetics of three water-soluble glucans (glucan phosphate, laminarin, and scleroglucan) after oral administration of 1 mg/kg doses in rats. Maximum plasma concentrations for glucan phosphate occurred at 4 h. In contrast, laminarin and scleroglucan showed two plasma peaks between 0.5 and 12 h. At 24 h, 27 ± 3% of the glucan phosphate and 20 ± 7% of the laminarin remained in the serum. Scleroglucan was rapidly absorbed and eliminated. The liver did not significantly contribute to the clearance of plasma glucan. Biological effects were further studied in mice. Following oral administration of 1 mg, glucans were bound and internalized by intestinal epithelial cells and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cells. Internalization of glucan by intestinal epithelial cells was not Dectin-dependent. GALT expression of Dectin-1 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, but not TLR4, increased following oral administration of glucan. Oral glucan increased systemic levels of interleukin (IL)-12 (151 ± 15%) in mice. Oral glucan administration also increased survival in mice challenged with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> or <i>Candida albicans</i>. These data demonstrate that orally administered water-soluble glucans translocate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract into the systemic circulation. The glucans are bound by GI epithelial and GALT cells, and they modulate the expression of pattern recognition receptors in the GALT, increase IL-12 expression, and induce protection against infectious challenge.
Doctors are unaware of "fantastic opportunities" offered by personal health budgets, says health department
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Personal health budgets have the potential to transform the care of patients in England, but few doctors or patients know much about them or are prepared for the “huge” cultural shift that is needed to implement them, experts at the Department of Health have claimed.

Some 56 000 people who are getting NHS continuing healthcare will be eligible for a personal health budget—an agreed sum of money given individually to patients to help them design a package of care and choose the provider—from April 2014. And the government hopes that clinical commissioning groups will also offer them to people with long term conditions.

But delegates to a conference on the topic, organised by the Westminster Health Forum in London on 24 January, heard that substantial challenges to implementation remain. …
THE CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Ralph A. Kinsella, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. The hemolytic variety of streptococcus is homogeneous, consisting of members that are nearly identical. 2. This homogeneity is most strikingly displayed in the behavior of these streptococci in the complement fixation reaction, all the strains studied reacting in a nearly identical way with all the antisera.
The Clinical Significance of Common Bile-Duct Dilatation in Patients without Biliary Symptoms or Causative Lesions on Ultrasonography
Authors: J.-E. Kim, J. K. Lee, K. T. Lee, D. I. Park, J. G. Hyun, S. W. Paik, J. C. Rhee, K. W. Choi, J. H. Lim
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Although abdominal ultrasonography (US) is a good initial screening method for detection of biliary tract disease, we sometimes encounter patients who only have findings of dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) on US, without specific biliary symptoms or jaundice. This study aimed to evaluate the causes and clinical significance of dilatation of the CBD in patients without biliary symptoms, jaundice, or causative lesions at US.A total of 77 patients who had no biliary symptoms and whose internal CBD diameter was more than 7 mm, without definite causative lesions on US, were enrolled. Of these, 49 underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and 28 underwent follow-up US or computed tomography (CT) instead of ERCP. We excluded patients whose bilirubin level had increased beyond the upper normal level or who had previous history of upper abdominal surgery including cholecystectomy.The ERCP findings were as follows: no lesion in 20 patients (40.8%), juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum (JDD) in 11 (22.5%), benign stricture in ten (20.4%), distal CBD mass in two (4.1%), choledochal cyst in two (4.1%), anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary duct (AUPBD) in two (4.1%), and choledochal cyst with AUPBD in two (4.1%). There were no differences in age or in alkaline phosphatase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels between the patients who had causative lesions revealed at ERCP and those who did not. Among the 28 patients who did not undergo ERCP, 12 had returned to normal and eight had no change in CBD diameter on follow-up US. Among eight patients who underwent CT, there were four with normal findings, one with JDD, and three with suspected choledochal cysts.We detected a significant number of causative biliary tract lesions in asymptomatic adults with dilatation of the CBD on routine abdominal US; no laboratory or demographic parameters were useful for discrimination. Further diagnostic study will be helpful for the early diagnosis of biliary tract disease in such patients.
Long-term physical training and left ventricular remodelling after anterior myocardial infraction: Results of the excercise in anterior myocardial infraction (EAMI) trial
Authors: Pantaleo Giannuzzi, Luigi Tavazzi, Pier Luigi Temporelli, Ugo Corrá, Alessandro Imparato, Marinella Gattone, Amerigo Giordano, Luigi Sala, Carlo Schweiger, Claudio Malinverni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Inhibition of mourning by pregnancy: psychopathology and management.
Authors: E Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A bereavement during pregnancy is difficult to mourn: a pregnant woman is so increasingly preoccupied with the new life that mourning is interrupted and often impossible to resume later. This may lead to idealisation of the child as a reincarnation of the dead person or child abuse. A bereaved woman should be helped to mourn at the time of death and to keep alive the expectation of future mourning once her baby is thriving.
Role of Ca2+ in the action of adrenocorticotropin in cultured human adrenal glomerulosa cells.
Authors: N Gallo-Payet, E Grazzini, M Côté, L Chouinard, A Chorvátová, L Bilodeau, M D Payet, G Guillon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The present report details the role of Ca2+ in the early events of ACTH action in human adrenal glomerulosa cells. Threshold stimulations of both aldosterone and cAMP production were obtained with a concentration of 10 pM ACTH, an ED50 of 0.1 nM, and maximal aldosterone stimulation (5.5-fold increase over control) at 10 nM ACTH. ACTH also induced a sustained increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) with maximal stimulation of 1.6 +/- 0.1-fold over control values. This increase does not involve mobilization of calcium from intracellular pools since no response was observed in Ca2+-free medium or in the presence of nifedipine, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ influx by L-type Ca2+ channels. This was confirmed by patch clamp studies that demonstrated that ACTH stimulates L-type Ca2+ channels. Moreover, the Ca2+ ion is not required for ACTH binding to its receptor, but is essential for sustained cAMP production and aldosterone secretion after ACTH stimulation. These results indicate that, in human adrenal glomerulosa cells, a positive feedback loop between adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A-Ca2+ channels ensures a slow but sustained [Ca2+]i increase that is responsible for sustained cAMP production and aldosterone secretion.
Treating Acute Venous Thromboembolism — Shift with Care
Authors: Mary Cushman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Venous thromboembolism is the third leading cause of vascular death,1 with a high incidence, especially among older persons. Incidence rates increase from 1 per 10,000 annually among persons less than 40 years of age to nearly 1% annually among persons 80 years of age or older2; more than one third of cases occur in persons older than 60 years of age.3 The mainstay of treatment for more than a generation of physician experience involves bridging anticoagulation therapy from a parenteral heparin-type anticoagulant to a vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin, which requires laboratory monitoring. Given the rapid expansion of . . .