tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Securing preregistration posts
Authors: R. Hall, R A Bremner, E. Price
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> With the prevalence of age-related cognitive deficits on the rise, it is essential to identify cellular and circuit alterations that contribute to age-related memory impairment. Increased intrinsic neuronal excitability after learning is important for memory consolidation, and changes to this process could underlie memory impairment in old age. Some studies find age-related deficits in hippocampal neuronal excitability that correlate with memory impairment but others do not, possibly due to selective changes only in activated neural ensembles. Thus, we tagged CA1 neurons activated during learning and recorded their intrinsic excitability 5 hours or 7 days post-training. Adult mice exhibited increased neuronal excitability 5 hours after learning, specifically in ensemble (learning-activated) CA1 neurons. As expected, ensemble excitability returned to baseline 7 days post-training. In aged mice, there was no ensemble-specific excitability increase after learning, which was associated with impaired hippocampal memory performance. These results suggest that CA1 may be susceptible to age-related impairments in post-learning ensemble excitability and underscore the need to selectively measure ensemble-specific changes in the brain.
Changes in serum amylase and its isoenzymes after whole body irradiation.
Authors: A Barrett, A Jacobs, J Kohn, J Raymond, R L Powles
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study was carried out to assess the effect of total body irradiation on pancreatic and parotid isoenzymes of amylase in patients about to undergo bone-marrow transplantation who had received high-dose cyclophosphamide. Twelve patients were studied, enzyme activity being measured before and at various times after total body irradiation. Serum total amylase activity rose rapidly within 12 hours of irradiation to a maximum at 36 hours, returning to normal by six days; most of the increase was derived from salivary damage, with a much smaller pancreatic component. These results confirm that radiation produces acute changes in amylase activity, which may be of use in assessing radiation-induced damage.
Cultural adaptation to environmental change versus stability
Authors: Lei Chang, Bin-Bin Chen, Hui Jing Lu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The target article provides an intermediate account of culture and freedom that is conceived to be curvilinear by treating economic development not as an adaptive outcome in response to climate but as a cause of culture parallel to climate. We argue that the extent of environmental variability, including climatic variability, affects cultural adaptation.
Metabolic syndrome and obesity as additional factors that determine clinical response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Tugrul Purnak, Cumali Efe, Yavuz Beyazit, Ersan Ozaslan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the article by Petta et al.1 regarding the association of 25-OH vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with the response to interferon-based therapy in genotype 1 (G1) chronic hepatitis C (CHC). They found that low 25[OH]D levels were associated with severe fibrosis and low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in this patient group. Although the authors discussed their findings comprehensively, we think that there are two additional issues that need to be clarified. First, a great number of studies have indicated that low serum 25[OH]D levels are associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity.2 Ford et al.3 showed that low serum 25[OH]D levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in US adults. Additionally, insulin resistance and CHC infection are clearly linked. Moreover, insulin resistance is a parameter for the response of therapy in G1 CHC.4 However, the authors apparently did not find a similar correlation in their patient group. For that reason, we think that it would have been noteworthy if the authors had taken into consideration the potential effects of metabolic syndrome and particularly insulin resistance on their results. Second, chronic renal failure, thyroid metabolism disorder, and longstanding immobilization might negatively effect the bone metabolism and change the 25[OH]D levels. Moreover, statin use may potentiate the interferon response in CHC.5 Also, statin therapy may alter 25[OH]D levels in favor of elevation. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with statin use causes an excess of 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is the precursor for vitamin D synthesis.6 From this point of view, it is obvious that the authors did not offer any exclusion criteria regarding the aforementioned parameters. In conclusion, the study reported by Petta et al.1 undoubtedly provides valuable insight into the pathophysiological basis of the low responsiveness to interferon-based therapy in G1 CHC. However, vitamin D metabolism and metabolic syndrome are substantial confounders that make a clear-cut judgment difficult. Tugrul Purnak M.D.*, Cumali Efe M.D. , Yavuz Beyazit M.D. , Ersan Ozaslan M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Internal Medicine, Bitlis Government Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey, Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
The Medical Milieu of Daniel Drake
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Of the various ailments that physicians had to treat in the early 19th century, fever and inflammation were especially important. Today both of these conditions have quite precise meanings but to understand the medical environment of Daniel Drake (1785-1852) we must ignore the present and enter into the meanings prevalent during his lifetime. Both inflammation and fever had been clearly recognized in antiquity, although their nature was a matter of conjecture and speculation. Hippocrates had admirably described examples of febrile diseases, with such accuracy that in many instances we can make a clinical diagnosis today from his descriptions. And the cardinal signs of inflammation—the tumor, rubor, calor, and dolor that medical students still religiously memorize—were already enunciated by Celsus in the first century AD. Physicians could easily identify inflammation on the surface of the body and infer its presence in the internal organs. Yet the alleged causes, phrased in the
Man: Sapient but Gouty
Authors: Warren E. C. Wacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Following the lead provided by Carrod's remarkable intuitive synthesis of the human inborn errors of metabolism, the study of human genetic diseases has contributed much to the understanding not only of their own mechanisms but also of the details of mammalian molecular and cellular biochemistry. In particular, the study of normal purine metabolism and its deviations in various forms of gout has provided substantial insight into the nature of regulatory processes operative in human metabolism. Thus, the discovery of the enzymatic defect in the Lesch—Nyhan syndrome represents the first instance of a proved biochemical defect in a behavioral disorder. The . . .
732 ENHANCED LIVER FIBROSIS (ELF) SCORE IS RELATED TO LIVER DYSFUNCTION AND PREDICTS MORTALITY IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: R.E. Stauber, W. Spindelboeck, C. Putz-Bankuti, H. Pock, T. Stojakovic, B. Obermayer-Pietsch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
MAXIMIZING RADIATION DOSE IN RADIOIODIDE ABLATION OF NORMAL THYROID TISSUE AND OF THYROID CANCER METASTASES
Authors: Malcolm R. Powell, Andrea S. Blum, San Francisco
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Review of 123 differentiated thyroid cancer patients treated seven weeks after discontinuing L-thyroxine therapy, four weeks after discontinuing triiodothyronine therapy, and after seven weeks of dietary iodide restriction to less than 50 ugm/day identified 25 patients where there was high probabillty we were indeed treating normal thyroid tissue and 33 patients with unequivocal metastases at the time of radioiodide therapy. Normal tissue showed ablation in 88% at a mean interval of 2.49 years post radioiodide therapy with 30 mCi of I-131 iodide. The three failures were due to inadequate TSH stimulation in one patient with a large post surgical remnant but were with adequate TSH elevations to 74 and 75 uU/ml in the other two patients. Cancer metastases treated with 100 mCi of I-131 iodide showed ablation by a single dose in 51.5% (17 patients, two with follicular carcinoma) with involvement of lymph nodes in 16, lungs in five, and neck soft tissues in two. Nonablated by a Single 100 mCi dose were metastases in 45.5% (15 patients, six with follicular carcinoma) with involvement of lymph nodes in 12, lungs in two and bones in five. Retreatments after similar preparation ablated metastases in four of 80 evaluable patients. Functioning metastases persisted in 12 of whom three died, three are still under therapy and six have been lost to follow-up in our laboratory. Known deaths occurred in four patients with follicular carcinoma. We conclude that this therapy preparation is usually effective in ablation of normal thyroid tissue by 30 mCi of I-131 and papillary carcinoma by 100 mCi of I-131. Follicular carcinoma was less responsive but showed favorable response.
THE SURGICAL ENGINE AND ITS USE IN BONE SURGERY.
Authors: MATTHEW H. CRYER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The requirements of a satisfactory surgical engine are, first, that it be so geared that the velocity of the cutting tool is from four to six thousand revolutions per minute, which speed is to be maintained under varying pressures. The hand-piece (the chuck which holds the instrument) should be light, capable of easy adjustment, and so arranged that the instrument fixed in it may be carried with readiness into the recesses of deep cavities. There should be no undue vibration of the instrument while held to its work, as this will lessen tactile recognition of the nature of the tissue being cut. The motive power should be so arranged that it is under perfect control and produces steadiness and uniformity of speed. The hand-piece and its several parts, with the instruments used, must be of such character that perfect sterilization can be readily accomplished. Surgical engines of several designs have
Results of Transplanting Bone Marrow from Genetically Identical Twins into Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Wolfgang Hinterberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Aplastic anemia is caused by several diverse factors, including a lack of or defective hematopoietic stem cells, immune abnormalities, and disorders of the bone marrow microenvironment. The outcome of transplanting bone marrow from genetically identical twins into patients with aplastic anemia may help define how frequently these factors play a role in this condition. Objective: To determine the outcome of transplanting bone marrow from genetically identical twins into patients with aplastic anemia. Design: Observational study. Setting: 31 centers participating in the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Patients: 40 patients with aplastic anemia who received bone marrow transplants from their genetically identical twins between 1964 and 1992. Intervention: 23 patients received their first bone marrow transplant without pretransplantation conditioning; 17 received it after pretransplantation conditioning with cyclophosphamide alone or combined with other drugs or radiation. Six patients received post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy with methotrexate, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids, alone or in combination. Measurements: Outcomes of transplantation, including hematologic recovery and survival. Results: Seven of 23 patients who received their first transplant without receiving conditioning had sustained complete hematologic recovery. One of 16 patients who did not have complete recovery after the first transplantation recovered after a second transplantation, which was not preceded by conditioning. The other 15 patients had two to five transplantations that were preceded by conditioning; in 13 patients, sustained bone marrow function was recovered. Twelve of 17 patients whose first transplantation was preceded by conditioning had sustained complete hematologic recovery. The likelihood of hematologic recovery was greater in patients who had conditioning before the first transplantation (P = 0.033). The actuarial 10-year survival rate for the 40 patients was 78% (95% CI, 59% to 92%). The survival rate was higher in patients who did not have conditioning before the first transplantation (patients without conditioning, 87% [range, 65% to 99%]; patients with conditioning, 70% [range, 47% to 89%]; P = 0.037). Conclusions: Most patients with aplastic anemia recover bone marrow function after receiving a transplant from a genetically identical twin. Pretransplantation conditioning may increase the chance of bone marrow recovery but does not seem to improve survival.
Drug-Firm Representatives — Sir Ernest Kennaway, F.R.S.
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

I WELL remember how I once called upon a physician in New York, and although I had an appointment and gave my correct name the secretary shook her head as she opened the door and assured me that the doctor was fully booked all day and would be unable to see me. However, when I insisted that I really had an appointment I was eventually ushered into his office, where I received profuse apologies and where he explained that because I was carrying a dispatch case the secretary was sure that I must be a drug-firm representative and that she . . .
Anterior-Rootlet Rhizotomy
Authors: Donald Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE treatment of paralyzing spasms that prevent the use of any remaining voluntary motor activity of the spastic limb is a notorious neurosurgical and orthopedic failure. Since the potential use of such a limb may be close to normal and, in any event, may be at least partially recoverable through exercises and other physiotherapeutic therapy that is impossible in the presence of spasms, some method of relieving the spasm and at the same time preserving controlled voluntary motion is fundamental to its success. This paper is a preliminary report of what appears to be such a method. It is reported . . .
Study in London confirms influence of ethnic group on treatment for asthma
Authors: P. Sturdy, J. Nash, Y. Carter, C. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The beneficial characteristics of the dihydro- pyridine calcium blockers, including the absence of negative inotropism and the neutral effect on lipids and insulin sensitivity, have rendered them popular first line agents in managing hypertension.Like other antihypertensives, appropriate cost-benefit analyses of their various actions are required before they are prescribed.However, inappropriate extrapolation from small, highly selected and methodologically flawed statistics should not preclude their use.
A piece of my mind. On deeper reflection
Authors: G. A. Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Augmented ST-Segment Elevation During Recovery From Exercise Predicts Cardiac Events in Patients With Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Hisaki Makimoto, Eiichiro Nakagawa, Hiroshi Takaki, Yuko Yamada, Hideo Okamura, Takashi Noda, Kazuhiro Satomi, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Takashi Kurita, Shiro Kamakura, Wataru Shimizu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Network of UK centres is needed to deliver genomic technology across medical specialties
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, quality improvement teams at Cleveland Clinic initiated a number of measures to guide the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and protect care givers. This included increasing the frequency of team meetings from monthly to daily or weekly and creating task forces to create protocols for patient transport, airway management, and management of personal protective equipment and medications in short supply. Enterprise wide, we postponed non-essential surgeries, set up an overflow intensive care unit onsite, created a web-based COVID-19 toolkit for all care givers, and sent daily emails about the most recent developments, decisions, and recommendations from national and international societies.
Mapping of a novel gene for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to chromosome 11
Authors: L. Carrier, C. Hengstenberg, J. S. Beckmann, P. Guicheney, C. Dufour, J. Bercovici, E. Dausse, I. Berebbi-Bertrand, C. Wisnewsky, D. Pulvenis, L. Fetler, A. Vignal, J. Weissenbach, D. Hillaire, J. Feingold, J.-B. Bouhour, A. Hagege, M. Desnos, R. Isnard, O. Dubourg, M. Komajda, K. Schwartz
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Abnormal expression of laminin suggests disturbance of sarcolemma-extracellular matrix interaction in Japanese patients with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy deficient in adhalin.
Authors: I Higuchi, H Yamada, H Fukunaga, H Iwaki, R Okubo, M Nakagawa, M Osame, S L Roberds, T Shimizu, K P Campbell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Dystrophin is associated with several novel sarcolemmal proteins, including a laminin-binding extracellular glycoprotein of 156 kD (alpha-dystroglycan) and a transmembrane glycoprotein of 50 kD (adhalin). Deficiency of adhalin characterizes a severe autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy prevalent in Arabs. Here we report for the first time two mongoloid (Japanese) patients with autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy deficient in adhalin. Interestingly, adhalin was not completely absent and was faintly detectable in a patchy distribution along the sarcolemma in our patients. Although the M and B2 subunits of laminin were preserved, the B1 subunit was greatly reduced in the basal lamina surrounding muscle fibers. Our results raise a possibility that the deficiency of adhalin may be associated with the disturbance of sarcolemma-extracellular matrix interaction leading to sarcolemmal instability.
River and Bridges
Authors: Dan R. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumor-Derived GM-CSF Promotes Inflammatory Colon Carcinogenesis via Stimulating Epithelial Release of VEGF
Authors: Yi Wang, Gencheng Han, Ke Wang, Guijun Liu, Renxi Wang, He Xiao, Xinying Li, Chunmei Hou, Beifen Shen, Renfeng Guo, Yan Li, Guojiang Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chronic inflammation is a major driving force for the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Elevated production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been observed in mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Its actions in the progression from colitis to cancer, however, remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that colonic epithelial cells (CEC) were a major cellular source of GM-CSF and its production was significantly augmented when CAC model was established by administration of azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. Furthermore, we showed that GM-CSF was a driver for VEGF release by CEC in autocrine and/or paracrine manners through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway. Blocking GM-CSF activity in vivo significantly decreased epithelial release of VEGF, thereby abrogating CAC formation. In vitro treatment of transformed CEC with recombinant GM-CSF dramatically augmented its invasive potentials, largely in VEGF-dependent fashion. Furthermore, commensal microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides were identified as a trigger for GM-CSF expression in CEC, as antibiotics treatment or Toll-like receptor 4 ablation considerably impaired its epithelial expression. Overall, these findings may have important implications for the understanding of mechanisms underlying CAC pathogenesis and the therapeutic potentials of regimens targeting GM-CSF or VEGF in clinic. Cancer Res; 74(3); 716–26. ©2013 AACR.
Successful HLA-identical bone marrow transplantation in a patient with interferon-$gamma; receptor 2 deficiency and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection*1
Authors: A.M. Scurlock, E.O. Sajaroff, S.D. Rosenzweig, P.L. Martin, S.M. Holland, R.H. Buckley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
the left-side bias for holding human infants: an everyday directional asymmetry in the natural environment
Authors: lauren julius harris, jason b. almerigi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

to vallortigara &amp; rogers's (v&amp;r's) evidence of everyday directional asymmetries in the natural environment of a variety of species, we offer one more example for human beings. it is the bias for holding an infant on the left side, and it illustrates several themes in the target article.