tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet and New Lesions of the Coronary Arteries-Reply
Authors: David H. Blankenhorn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Simopoulos indicates the importance of analyzing the results of the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) for the effect of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids on new lesion formation. The CLAS data reported in JAMA were based on 24-hour recalls obtained from 1980, when the first subject was randomized, until 1986, when the last subject had a second angiogram. Conversion of recorded foods to nutrient composition was by the University of Minnesota Nutrition Coding Center with Data Tape 10, which did not have complete information on food content of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and so we did not analyze CLAS data for these fatty acids.  During the CLAS we conducted computer-assisted diet counseling based on diet diaries recorded the week before each clinic visit. We stored food intake data from this new method but elected to report results from standardized 24-hour recalls first. We are now analyzing
Perinatal mortality and morbidity among babies delivered in water: surveillance study and postal survey
Authors: R. E Gilbert, P. A Tookey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Aim:</b> To compare perinatal morbidity and mortality for babies delivered in water with rates for babies delivered conventionally (not in water). <b>Design:</b> Surveillance study (of all consultant paediatricians) and postal survey (of all NHS maternity units). <b>Setting:</b> British Isles (surveillance study); England and Wales (postal survey). <b>Subjects:</b> Babies born in the British Isles between April 1994 and March 1996 who died perinatally or were admitted for special care within 48 hours of birth after delivery in water or after labour in water followed by conventional delivery (surveillance study); babies delivered in water in England and Wales in the same period (postal survey). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of deliveries in water in the British Isles that resulted in perinatal death or in admission to special care within 48 hours of birth; and proportions (of such deliveries) of all water births in England and Wales. <b>Results:</b> 4032 deliveries (0.6% of all deliveries) in England and Wales occurred in water. Perinatal mortality was 1.2/1000 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.9) live births; 8.4/1000 (5.8 to 11.8) live births were admitted for special care. No deaths were directly attributable to delivery in water, but 2 admissions were for water aspiration. UK reports of mortality and special care admission rates for babies of women considered to be at low risk of complications during delivery who delivered conventionally ranged from 0.8/1000 (0.2 to 4.2) to 4.6/1000 (0.1 to 25) live births and from 9.2 (1.1 to 33) to 64/1000 (58 to 70) live births respectively. Compared with regional data for low risk, spontaneous, normal vaginal deliveries at term, the relative risk for perinatal mortality associated with delivery in water was 0.9 (99% confidence interval 0.2 to 3.6). <b>Conclusions:</b> Perinatal mortality is not substantially higher among babies delivered in water than among those born to low risk women who delivered conventionally. The data are compatible with a small increase or decrease in perinatal mortality for babies delivered in water. <h3>Key messages</h3> Data on adverse effects of delivery in water have been limited Perinatal mortality and risk of admission for special care is similar for babies delivered in water and for low risk deliveries that do not take place in water The risk of perinatal mortality for babies delivered in water is similar to the risk for babies born by normal vaginal delivery to women at low risk of adverse outcome Delivery in water may have caused water aspiration in two babies and contributed to snapped umbilical cord in five
Hemopoietic marrow function in chronic neutropenia of blacks: Cure of aplastic anemia by allogeneic marrow transplantation from a neutropenic sibling donor
Authors: Robert C. Ash, Larry A. Mendelsohn, M. Ernest Marshall
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A black patient with severe aplastic anemia is described who underwent successful bone marrow transplantation from a sibling with chronic neutropenia. During an evaluation to identify a suitable donor, it was found that the majority of famiily members tested had neutropenia, with no familial history of significant infections or related hospitalizations. In vitro hemopoietic culture studies of marrow from the patient's HLA‐MLC‐matched siblings showed normal numbers of pluripotential and committed hemopoietic progenitors; in vitro hemopoietic colony formation from the patient was markedly subnormal, consistent with the clinical picture of severe aplastic anemia. Following appropriate conditioning therapy, marrow transplanted from one of these neutropenic sibs produced full hematopoietic reconstitution. Posttransplant marrow culture studies of the patient showed restoration of a normal pattern of in vitro hemopoiesis. The in vitro culture studies and clinical experience in this patient support the concept that chronic neutropenia of blacks is not primarily a marrow progenitor cell disorder but, more likely, a manifestation of a genetically determined alteration in granulocyte kinetics.
Combination of secretin and fluvastatin ameliorates the polyuria associated with X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in mice
Authors: Giuseppe Procino, Serena Milano, Monica Carmosino, Claudia Barbieri, Maria C. Nicoletti, Jian H. Li, Jürgen Wess, Maria Svelto
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (X-NDI) is a disease caused by inactivating mutations of the vasopressin (AVP) type 2 receptor (V2R) gene. Loss of V2R function prevents plasma membrane expression of the AQP2 water channel in the kidney collecting duct cells and impairs the kidney concentration ability. In an attempt to develop strategies to bypass V2R signaling in X-NDI, we evaluated the effects of secretin and fluvastatin, either alone or in combination, on kidney function in a mouse model of X-NDI. The secretin receptor was found to be functionally expressed in the kidney collecting duct cells. Based on this, X-NDI mice were infused with secretin for 14 days but urinary parameters were not altered by the infusion. Interestingly, secretin significantly increased AQP2 levels in the collecting duct but the protein primarily accumulated in the cytosol. Since we previously reported that fluvastatin treatment increased AQP2 plasma membrane expression in wild-type mice, secretin-infused X-NDI mice received a single injection of fluvastatin. Interestingly, urine production by X-NDI mice treated with secretin plus fluvastatin was reduced by nearly 90% and the urine osmolality was doubled. Immunostaining showed that secretin increased intracellular stores of AQP2 and the addition of fluvastatin promoted AQP2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Taken together, these findings open new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of X-NDI.
ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No
Authors: Jonathan M. Edelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

LettersNovember 18, 2008ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say NoJonathan M. Edelman, MDJonathan M. Edelman, MDFrom Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As Sox and Rennie point out in their editorial (1), there will always be debate about the true intent of clinical research conducted by a pharmaceutical company in the process of discovering, developing, and commercializing new medicines. Merck agrees that the appropriate approach for investigators, editors, and readers is to consider the scientific importance of the question being asked without regard to the commercial benefits that might accrue depending on the answer.However, the article by Hill and colleagues (2), who are paid consultants for plaintiffs' lawyers in lawsuits against Merck, falsely labeled ADVANTAGE as a seeding ...References1. Sox HC and Rennie D. Seeding trials: just say no [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:279-80 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hill KP, Ross JS, Egilman DS, and Krumholz HM. The ADVANTAGE seeding trial: a review of internal documents. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:251-8 LinkGoogle Scholar3. Egilman DS and Presler AH. Report of specific cardiovascular outcomes of the ADVANTAGE trial [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:781 LinkGoogle Scholar4. Mulrow CD. ADVANTAGE acceptance letter. 25 April 2003. Bates No. MRK-APQ0006943 to MRK-APQ0006948. Accessed at www.merck.com/newsroom/vioxx/pdf/annals.pdf on 23 September 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889.Disclaimer: Dr. Edelman is the Executive Director of the Global Center for Scientific Affairs for Merck Research Laboratories.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReport of Specific Cardiovascular Outcomes of the ADVANTAGE Trial David S. Egilman and Amos H. Presler Seeding Trials: Just Say “No” Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie The ADVANTAGE Seeding Trial: A Review of Internal Documents Kevin P. Hill , Joseph S. Ross , David S. Egilman , and Harlan M. Krumholz ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No Harold C. Sox and Drummond Rennie ADVANTAGE: Merck Does Say No Alexander Rabin Metrics November 18, 2008Volume 149, Issue 10Page: 774-775KeywordsOsteoarthritisSafety ePublished: 18 November 2008 Issue Published: November 18, 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Extraordinary meeting of Royal College of Radiologists calls for withdrawal of health bill
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Members of the Royal College of Radiologists have voted for the withdrawal of the Health and Social Care Bill at an extraordinary general meeting.

Fifty two members and fellows took part in the meeting on Thursday 16 February, the latest by a health professional body to hear grassroots calls for a tougher stance on the government’s changes to the NHS. The meeting coincided with a letter from members of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health to the Lancet this week also calling for the bill to be dropped.

At the Royal College of Radiologists’ meeting a series of members’ motions critical of the bill were all carried.

The meeting …
THE PURE CULTIVATION OF SPIROCHÆTA DUTTONI, SPIROCHÆTA KOCHI, SPIROCHÆTA OBERMEIERI, AND SPIROCHÆTA NOVYI
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

1. A method for the pure cultivation of Spirochœta duttoni, Spirochœta kochi, Spirochœta obermeieri, and Spirochœta novyi is described in this paper. In vitro these strains reach their maximum growth after seven, eight, or nine days at 37°C. For their multiplication they require the presence of a piece of fresh sterile tissue and a body fluid capable of forming a loose fibrin with the tissue. The presence of some oxygen seems indispensable for their growth, since they fail to grow in an atmosphere of hydrogen or in vacuo. No growth was obtained at room temperature. 2. From cultures that show a good growth subcultures can be made and the growth can be kept up in this way for many passages. 3. The pathogenicity of these organisms is not lost by cultivation, although there is a tendency for the virulence to become attenuated after growth in vitro has continued for a long time. 4. Longitudinal division has been observed and was followed under the dark-field microscope in fresh preparations from cultures. It occurs in all the species irrespective of the length of the organism. Transverse division seems also to occur, but I have not yet observed the entire process.
Kaposi??s Sarcoma Involving the Thyroid in a Patient with AIDS
Authors: PETER H. KRAUTH, JUDITH F. KATZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 30-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma had a palpable thyroid mass and cervical lymphadenopathy. Nuclear medicine and ultrasound scans revealed multiple thyroid nodules. Results of biopsy showed Kaposi's sarcoma metastatic to the thyroid.
Comparison of out of hours care provided by patients' own general practitioners and commercial deputising services: a randomised controlled trial. II: the outcome of care
Authors: R K McKinley, D K Cragg, A M Hastings, D P French, T K Manku-Scott, S M Campbell, F Van, M O Roland, C Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To compare the process of out of hours care provided by general practitioners from patients' own practices and by commercial deputising services.Randomised controlled trial.Four urban areas in Manchester, Salford, Stockport, and Leicester.2152 patients who requested out of hours care, and 49 practice doctors and 183 deputising doctors (61% local principals) who responded to those requests.Response to call, time to visit, prescribing, and hospital admissions.1046 calls were dealt with by practice doctors and 1106 by deputising doctors. Practice doctors were more likely to give telephone advice (20.2% v 0.72% of calls) and to visit more quickly than deputising doctors (median delay 35 minutes v 52 minutes). Practice doctors were less likely than deputising doctors to issue a prescription (56.1% v 63.2% of patients) or to prescribe an antibiotic (43.7% v 61.3% of prescriptions issued) and more likely to prescribe genetic drugs (58.4% v 32.1% of drugs prescribed), cheaper drugs (mean cost per prescription pounds 3.28 v pounds 5.04), and drugs in a predefined out of hours formulary (49.8% v 41.1% of drugs prescribed). There was no significant difference in the number of hospital admissions.By contrast with practice doctors, deputising doctors providing out of hours care less readily give telephone advice, take longer to visit at home, and have patterns of prescribing that may be less discriminating.
Primary lymphoma of the anal canal presenting as perianal suppuration.
Authors: R J Steele, O Eremin, A S Krajewski, G L Ritchie
Journal: BMJ (1985)

patients undergoing dialysis were excluded and the remaining patients with uraemia compared with the controls a pronounced delay in gastric emptying was apparent (figure). CommentDelayed gastric emptying was shown in patients with symptomatic uraemia compared with asymptomatic controls.This abnormality may be confined to patients with uraemia not undergoing dialysis, and our observation of normal gastric emptying in three of four uraemic patients receiving dialysis confirms a previous report, which found no disturbance in gastric motility in 10 patients with renal failure under- going haemodialysis.Possible explanations for the delay in gastric emptying include electrolyte disturbance, uraemic toxins, raised plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.The influence of symptoms such as nausea on gastric function must also be considered as it is not clear whether delayed gastric emptying causes these symptoms or is a consequence of them.Our finding may aid the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data in patients with uraemia and it provides a rationale for using drugs that promote gastric emptying in uraemic patients with nausea and vomiting.4 51 McCallum RW, Berkowitz DM, Lerner E. Gastric emptying in patients with
Coronary flow velocity immediately after primary coronary stenting as a predictor of ventricular wall motion recovery in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Masato Nakamura, Taro Tsunoda, Hiroko Toma, Toshiyuki Degawa, Takashi Oki, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Functional Causes of the Ductal Obstructive Pattern on Hepatobiliary Scans
Authors: KEITH B. FORD, BRUCE A. PORTER, ROBERT C. STADALNIK, DONALD W. BROWN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Hepatobiliary imaging with Tc-99m IDA derivatives has proven value for evaluation of biliary disease. Prompt hepatocellular uptake with persistent nonvisualization of the common bile duct and bowel is usually indicative of a high-grade common bile duct obstruction, but is not pathognomonic. A functional abnormality due to hepatocyte dysfunction resulting in intrahepatic cholestasis can also cause this pattern. Two cases of hepatocellular excretory dysfunction, one due to E. coli endotoxemia with intrahepatic cholestasis and the other due to acute hepatitis A that produces ductal obstructive patterns on Tc-99m disofenin scintigraphy in patients with documented patent biliary ducts, are reported. Transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography may be useful when the diagnosis of biliary ductal obstruction is in doubt.
MAN MUST HAVE DEVELOPED IN RADIOACTIVITY: HE HAS SO MUCH LEAD IN HIS PANTS!
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Many years ago, when medicine was the art of healing, novitiates were taught that there were three kinds of healing: healing by first intention, the ideal process but sufficient only up to a point; healing by second intention, usually accompanied by laudable pus; and healing by third intention, which leaves an ugly scar. Today we seem to be taught, per Madison Avenue, to build a public image with three kinds of lying: lying of the first intention, over-simplification by the educator (a necessary part of teaching, but sufficient only up to a point); lying of the second intention, misinterpretation through ignorance (ignorance is laudable in science as long as an attempt is made to remedy this); and lying of the third intention, the intent to deceive (which leaves an ugly scar). The current public radiation hysteria, history's third such period and now a political football, is an
Long‐lasting fever of unknown origin preceding the diagnosis of intravascular lymphomatosis: A further case stimulates some remarks
Authors: Claudio Fozza, Silvana Bonfigli, Maurizio Conti, Fausto Dore, Maurizio Longinotti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Neurological and skin involvements usually dominate the clinical presentation of intravascular lymphomatosis (IL), while fever is the most frequent general sign. However, an onset only characterized by fever of unknown origin (FUO) has been rarely reported. We would like to describe a further case of IL, which presented a long‐lasting FUO before the diagnosis. At admission, physical examination detected hepatosplenomegaly without lymph nodes enlargement or dermatological or neurological abnormalities. Significant laboratory data included severe anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum LDH. Moreover, a chest CT evidenced bilateral multiple pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusion. After the development of proteinuria, a diagnosis of large B‐cell intravascular lymphoma was made with a renal biopsy 10 months after the onset of the clinical manifestations. So far, more than 100 cases of IL have been reported and the diagnosis often turned out to be difficult, as clinical signs did not point to a lymphoproliferative disorder. This report confirms that FUO is not only frequently associated with IL but that it even marks the real onset of the disease. We are then tempted to conclude that undiagnosed fever is not so rare in IL and if we call it FUO, it is only because diagnosis is necessarily elusive and hence time‐consuming. Am. J. Hematol. 74:211–213, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sodium retention and ascites formation in a cholestatic mice model: Role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor?
Authors: Daniel Ackermann, David Mordasini, Lydie Cheval, Martine Imbert-Teboul, Bruno Vogt, Alain Doucet
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Renal sodium retention in experimental liver cirrhosis originates from the distal nephron sensitive to aldosterone. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the exact site of sodium retention along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, and (2) to evaluate the role of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor activation in this process. Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation in either adrenal-intact or corticosteroid-clamped mice. Corticosteroid-clamp was achieved through adrenalectomy and corticosteroid supplementation with aldosterone and dexamethasone via osmotic minipumps. 24-hours renal sodium balance was evaluated in metabolic cages. Activity and expression of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase were determined in microdissected segments of nephron. Within 4-5 weeks, cirrhosis induced sodium retention in adrenal-intact mice and formation of ascites in 50% of mice. At that time, sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity increased specifically in cortical collecting ducts. Hyperaldosteronemia was indicated by increases in urinary aldosterone excretion and in sgk1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) mRNA expression in collecting ducts. Corticosteroid-clamp prevented induction of sgk1 but not cirrhosis-induced sodium retention, formation of ascites and stimulation of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity and expression (mRNA and protein) in collecting duct. These findings demonstrate that sodium retention in cirrhosis is independent of hyperaldosteronemia and of the activation of mineralocorticoid receptor. Conclusion: Bile duct ligation in mice induces cirrhosis which, within 4-5 weeks, leads to the induction of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in cortical collecting ducts, to renal sodium retention and to the formation of ascites. Sodium retention, ascites formation and induction of sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase are independent of the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors by either aldosterone or glucocorticoids. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:173–179.)
Survival After Open Versus Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair in an Observational Study of the Medicare Population
Authors: Philip P. Goodney, Lori Travis, F. Lee Lucas, Mark F. Fillinger, David C. Goodman, Jack L. Cronenwett, David H. Stone
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— The goal of this study was to describe short- and long-term survival of patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) after open and endovascular repair (TEVAR). Methods and Results— Using Medicare claims from 1998 to 2007, we analyzed patients who underwent repair of intact and ruptured TAA, identified from a combination of procedural and diagnostic International Classification of Disease , ninth revision, codes. Our main outcome measure was mortality, defined as perioperative mortality (death occurring before hospital discharge or within 30 days), and 5-year survival, from life-table analysis. We examined outcomes across repair type (open repair or TEVAR) in crude, adjusted (for age, sex, race, procedure year, and Charlson comorbidity score), and propensity-matched cohorts. Overall, we studied 12 573 Medicare patients who underwent open repair and 2732 patients who underwent TEVAR. Perioperative mortality was lower in patients undergoing TEVAR compared with open repair for both intact (6.1% versus 7.1%; P =0.07) and ruptured (28% versus 46%; P &lt;0.0001) TAA. However, patients with intact TAA selected for TEVAR had significantly worse survival than open patients at 1 year (87% for open, 82% for TEVAR; P =0.001) and 5 years (72% for open; 62% for TEVAR; P =0.001). Furthermore, in adjusted and propensity-matched cohorts, patients selected for TEVAR had worse 5-year survival than patients selected for open repair. Conclusions— Although perioperative mortality is lower with TEVAR, Medicare patients selected for TEVAR have worse long-term survival than patients selected for open repair. The results of this observational study suggest that higher-risk patients are being offered TEVAR and that some do not benefit on the basis of long-term survival. Future work is needed to identify TEVAR candidates unlikely to benefit from repair.