tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calcium channel blockers in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina: an overview.
Authors: P. H. Held, S. Yusuf, C. D. Furberg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to evaluate prognostic value of the combination of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China. <h3>Participants</h3> 678 patients with NSTEMI undergoing primary PCI between July 2010 and July 2015 were enrolled. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The main outcomes were MACE. The cumulative MACE-free survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the independent predictors of MACE were assessed by Cox regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> According to the cut-off values of MLR 0.36 and NLR 2.15, the study population was classified into four groups: low MLR + low NLR group (n=319), low MLR + high NLR group (n=126), high MLR + low NLR group (n=102) and high MLR + high NLR group (n=131). The high MLR + high NLR group had a lower MACE-free survival rate than the other three groups (p logrank &lt;0.001). Both MLR (HR 2.128, 95% CI 1.458 to 3.105) and NLR (HR 1.925, 95% CI 1.385 to 2.676) were independent predictors of long-term MACE. Moreover, the patients in the high MLR + high NLR group had an HR of 4.055 (95% CI 2.550 to 6.448) for long-term MACE, with the low-MLR + low NLR group as reference. Comparisons of receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the combination of MLR with NLR achieved better performance in differentiating long-term MACE, compared with MLR, NLR, high-sensitivity C reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide alone, and had similar performance to all other pairwise combinations of the four biomarkers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Elevated levels of MLR and NLR were independent predictors of long-term MACE in patients with NSTEMI. Moreover, the combination of MLR and NLR could improve the prognostic value in predicting long-term MACE.
Heart valve calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Alessandro Mantovani, Matteo Pernigo, Corinna Bergamini, Stefano Bonapace, Paola Lipari, Filippo Valbusa, Lorenzo Bertolini, Luciano Zenari, Isabella Pichiri, Marco Dauriz, Giacomo Zoppini, Enrico Barbieri, Christopher D. Byrne, Enzo Bonora, Giovanni Targher
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Adalimumab-induced bronchospasm: not a class effect
Authors: R Janssen, I Krivokuca, A A Kruize, L Koenderman, J-W J Lammers
Journal: Thorax (2008)

A 48-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was admitted with shortness of breath due to bronchospasm and hypoxaemia (Pao2 5.9 kPa (44 mm Hg)). He had no history of pulmonary disease or allergy/atopy. About 3 years before this admission he was treated with infliximab. He was switched from infliximab to etanercept because of its more convenient subcutaneous form of administration. He was switched from etanercept to adalimumab because his RA persistently flared on the former treatment. Three days before admission he had received adalimumab for the second time. Blood count showed a new eosinophilia of 0.8×109/l (normal range 0–0.4). He …
Effects of Theophylline on Tolerance to the Bronchoprotective Actions of Salmeterol in Asthmatics<i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: DAVID CHEUNG, ANTON M. J. WEVER, JAAP A. de GOEIJ, CASPER S. de GRAAFF, HERMAN STEEN, PETER J. STERK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Long-term treatment with salmeterol produces tolerance for its protective effects against bronchoconstrictor stimuli in patients with asthma. There is human in vitro evidence that theophylline may prevent β2-adrenoceptor downregulation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of theophylline on the tolerance to the protective effect of salmeterol against histamine challenge in asthma in vivo. In a parallel 6-wk study, 25 asthmatics were treated with theophylline (mean serum level ± SEM: 9.9 ± 1.1 mg/L, Days 1 to 40) or placebo, combined with inhaled salmeterol (50 μ g twice daily, Days 8 to 36). Histamine challenges were carried out by tidal breathing method at entry, and at Days 4, 8, 22, 36, and 40. The response was measured by PC20. There was no significant change in PC20 after 4 d monotherapy with theophylline or placebo (mean difference ± SEM: 0.54 ± 0.39 and − 0.02 ± 0.41 doubling dose [DD], respectively; p > 0.15). One hour after the first dose, salmeterol afforded significant protection against histamine, as shown by an increase in PC20 in both the theophylline and placebo group (by 3.49 ± 0.28 and 3.36 ± 0.32 DD, respectively; p < 0.001). However, after 2 and 4 wk salmeterol treatment, the improvements in PC20 by salmeterol were significantly reduced to 1.80 ± 0.35 and 1.69 ± 0.36 DD, respectively, in the theophylline group (p < 0.001), and to 1.55 ± 0.47 and 1.52 ± 0.56 DD, respectively, in the placebo group (p < 0.002). These changes were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.80). After cessation of salmeterol treatment, PC20 was not significantly different from the values at entry in either group (p > 0.90). We conclude that regular theophylline treatment neither prevents, nor worsens, the development of tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of salmeterol in asthmatics in vivo.
Extended Length of Stay After Surgery
Authors: Robert W. Krell, Micah E. Girotti, Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

With the health policy focus on shifting risk to hospitals and physicians, hospital leaders are increasing efforts to reduce excessive resource use, such as patients with extended length of stay (LOS) after surgery. However, the degree to which extended LOS represents complications, patient illness, or inefficient practice style is unclear.To examine the influence of complications on the variance in hospitals' extended LOS rates after colorectal resections.In this retrospective cohort study performed from January 1 through December 31, 2009, we analyzed data from the 2009 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Study participants were 22 664 adults undergoing colorectal resections in 199 hospitals.Inpatient complications recorded in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry. Inpatient complications were identified by the association of the complication's postoperative date with the patient's surgical discharge date.Hospitals' risk-adjusted extended LOS rates, defined as the proportion of patients with a hospital stay greater than the 75th percentile for the entire cohort.A total of 2177 patients (42.8%) with extended LOSs did not have a documented inpatient complication. Although there was wide variation in risk-adjusted extended LOS (14.5%-35.3%) and risk-adjusted inpatient complication (12.1%-28.5%) rates, there was only a weak correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.56, P < .001) between the two. Only 52.0% of the variation in hospitals' extended LOS rates was attributable to hospitals' inpatient complication rates.Much of the variation in hospitals' risk-adjusted extended LOS rates is not attributable to patient illness or complications and therefore most likely represents differences in practice style. Efforts to reduce excess resource use should focus on efficiency of care, such as increased adoption of enhanced recovery pathways.
ANTIHISTAMINE THERAPY OF BEE STINGS
Authors: WILLIAM THEODORE STRAUSS
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The stings of members of the genus Hymenoptera, which includes bees, wasps and ants, produce harmful effects on human beings ranging from slight local pain or discomfort to a shocklike syndrome or even sudden death. Until a comparatively few years ago it was thought that the effects were purely toxic in character, but more recent investigations have indicated that an allergic factor may be involved in some instances at least. <h3>STINGING MECHANISM OF THE BEE</h3> The common honey bee, Apis mellifica, has an anatomic structure which is especially adapted for stinging. The venom glands are found only in the female and are situated under the last few abdominal segments between the uterus and the rectum. There are two types of glands, one being a larger, long tubular structure having an acid secretion derived from polygonal cells, each with a chitinous tube discharging directly into the main lumen. The other type
Epidermal phospholipase A2 activity is raised in the uninvolved skin of psoriasis
Authors: S. FORSTER, E. ILDERTON, R. SUMMERLY, H.J. YARDLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In uninvolved epidermis from nine psoriatic subjects, the mean phospholipase A2 activity was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than in nine controls. The increased activity of this enzyme could lead to an increase in the concentration of free arachidonic acid which, in turn, could lead to increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators.
Cardiologists call for a single European system to oversee medical devices
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European Society of Cardiology has called for a single coordinated European system to oversee the evaluation and approval of medical devices. It says this could be organised as a division of the European Medicines Agency or as an entirely new body.

The society believes that the regulatory system in Europe has not kept pace with technological advances and the changing patterns of medical practice. It says that after several well publicised failures of cardiovascular devices causing clinical problems, concerns have arisen about the adequacy of current standards of evaluation before approval. New European Union legislation is being drafted during 2011, but medical experts say they have had little involvement in the process. 

The organisation presents its main recommendations in a …
ISOTONICITY OF LIVER AND OF KIDNEY TISSUE IN SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES
Authors: Eugene L. Opie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Solutions of a wide variety of electrolytes, isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue, have approximately the same osmotic pressure as solutions of sodium chloride isotonic with tissues of the two organs respectively; that is, with solutions approximately twice as concentrated as the sodium chloride of mammalian blood plasma. The molar concentration of various electrolytes isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue immediately after its removal from the body is determined by the molecular weight, valency, and ion-dissociation of these electrolytes in accordance with the well known conditions of osmosis. The plasma membranes of liver and of kidney cells are imperfectly semipermeable to electrolytes, and those that enter the cell, though retarded in so doing, bring about injury which increases permeability to water. The osmotic activity of cells of mammalian liver and kidney immediately after their removal from the body resembles that of plant cells, egg cells of marine invertebrates, and mammalian red blood corpuscles and presumably represents a basic property of living cells by which osmotic pressure may be adjusted to functional need.
Psychosomatic Aspects of Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Nicoletta Sonino, Giovanni Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

The past decades have witnessed an increasing understanding of the psychosomatic aspects of Cushing’s disease. Stressful life events were found to precede its onset in controlled studies. Major depression is a common, life-threatening complication of Cushing’s syndrome, regardless of its etiology. The presence of depression connotes severity of clinical presentation and entails prognostic value (patients with hypothalamic-pituitary forms are more likely to relapse after successful treatment if they presented with depression). Quality of life of patients with Cushing’s disease is seriously compromised. Recovery has a natural course to run and may be considerably influenced by affective responses based on highly individualized psychological assets and liabilities. The psychobiological correlates of Cushing’s disease have considerable etiological, clinical and therapeutic implications. Such implications also extend over the nonendocrine forms of major depression.
Does sedation help in fibreoptic bronchoscopy?
Authors: M Q F Hatton, M B Allen, A S Vathenen, E Mellor, N J Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although sedation is associated with major complications1,2 sedative drugs are often given immediately before fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the belief that patients' comfort is improved. Uncontrolled studies have shown that fibreoptic bronchoscopy is well tolerated without sedation.3,4 Most comparative studies of premedication have looked at different drug regimens; we are aware of only one study that included an unsedated control arm.5

Opiates and benzodiazepines are frequently used for sedation during fibreoptic bronchoscopy; we compared two such regimens with placebo.

Of 184 patients undergoing routine diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy without transbronchial biopsy, 182 consented to enter a consecutive double blind comparison of (a) intravenous phenoperidine and droperidol with saline placebo or (b) intravenous midazolam with saline placebo. Three doctors performed the bronchoscopy; all patients received supplemental oxygen, topical lignocaine, intravenous atropine 600 μg, and the …
Amphotericin B Resistance in Candida
Authors: J F Fisher, D M Henson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1985Amphotericin B Resistance in CandidaJOHN F. FISHER, M.D., D. MARK HENSON, M.D.JOHN F. FISHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. MARK HENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-4-563_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Inasmuch as amphotericin B remains standard therapy for most serious fungal infections, additional reports of resistance to this agent, particularly among yeast-like organisms, are disturbing. Therefore, we read with concern the report by Dick and colleagues (1) of a neutropenic patient who died of a candidal infection caused by an amphotericin B-resistant organism. The progressive depletion of cellular ergosterol levels in Candida guilliermondii isolates was well documented by these authors as the probable mechanism of amphotericin resistance. As the authors indicate, this finding substantiates their previous data (2).We believe their case report raises an additional concern...References1. DICKROSENGUARDMERZSTUARTHUTCHINSSARAL JBWRGR. Fatal disseminated candidiasis due to amphotericin-B-resistant Candida guilliermondii. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:67-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DICKMERZSARAL JWR. Incidence of polyene-resistant yeasts recovered from clinical specimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980;18:158-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN F. FISHER, M.D.; D. MARK HENSON, M.D.Affiliations: Medical College of Georgia Augusta, GA 30912 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntagonistic effects of fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine on candidacidal action of amphotericin B in human serumChapter 2 Antifungal AlkaloidsThe pathogenesis and clinical significance of cytologically detectable oralCandida in acute leukemiaMitoxantrone in combination with prednimustine in treatment of unfavorable non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 April 1985Volume 102, Issue 4Page: 563-564KeywordsAmphotericinCandidaYeast infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Weekly dalbavancin was noninferior to daily vancomycin for acute bacterial skin infection in adults
Authors: Fainareti N. Zervou, Ioannis M. Zacharioudakis, Eleftherios Mylonakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2014Weekly dalbavancin was noninferior to daily vancomycin for acute bacterial skin infection in adultsFainareti N. Zervou, MD, Ioannis M. Zacharioudakis, MD, Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, PhDFainareti N. Zervou, MDWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (F.N.Z., I.M.Z., E.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Ioannis M. Zacharioudakis, MDWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (F.N.Z., I.M.Z., E.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, PhDWarren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (F.N.Z., I.M.Z., E.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-161-8-201410210-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBoucher HW, Wilcox M, Talbot GH, et al. Once-weekly dalbavancin versus daily conventional therapy for skin infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2169-79. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24897082Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Infectious Disease: References1 Jauregui LE, Babazadeh S, Seltzer E, et al. Randomized, double-blind comparison of once-weekly dalbavancin versus twice-daily linezolid therapy for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:1407-15. [PMID: 16231250] Google Scholar2 US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry. Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: developing drugs for treatment. October 2013. www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM071185.pdf. (accessed 27 Aug 2014) Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA (F.N.Z., I.M.Z., E.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRelationship between Adherence to Oral Antibiotics and Postdischarge Clinical Outcomes among Patients Hospitalized with Staphylococcus aureus Skin InfectionsImpact of Glycopeptide Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus on the Dalbavancin In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Target 21 October 2014Volume 161, Issue 8Page: JC9KeywordsAntibioticsDrug administrationDrugsErythemaInfectious diseasesOutpatient clinicsSkin infectionsTemperatureVancomycin ePublished: 21 October 2014 Issue Published: 21 October 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Additive inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone and cyclosporine on low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in cultured HepG2 cells
Authors: O A Al Rayyes, A Wallmark, C Floren
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Both glucocorticoids and cyclosporine are used to prevent rejection in organ transplant recipients. However, long-term treatment with these drugs is known to induce hyperlipidemia and premature development of atherosclerosis. In previous studies, we have shown that the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine inhibits catabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) mainly by reducing the expression of LDL-receptor messenger RNA (mRNA), thus explaining the increased plasma levels of LDL cholesterol observed in patients treated with cyclosporine. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the mechanism by which glucocorticoids increase plasma levels of LDL cholesterol. We studied the catabolism of LDL in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Our results show that hydrocortisone at physiologically relevant concentrations inhibits LDL binding, uptake, and degradation in a dose-dependent way. Moreover, hydrocortisone also reduces the expression of LDL-receptor mRNA in a dose-dependent way. Cyclosporine also has an additive inhibitory effect on hydrocortisone in the catabolism of LDL. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor fluvastatin reverses the inhibitory effect of both hydrocortisone and cyclosporine. We conclude that treatment with hydrocortisone and/or cyclosporine induces increased plasma levels of LDL cholesterol because of reduced hepatic LDL receptor activity. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reverse this undesirable effect and thus reduce the risk of the development of atherosclerosis in patients subjected to immunosuppressive treatment.
CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-γ- and interleukin 17–producing γδ T cell subsets
Authors: Julie C Ribot, Ana deBarros, Dick John Pang, Joana F Neves, Victor Peperzak, Scott J Roberts, Michael Girardi, Jannie Borst, Adrian C Hayday, Daniel J Pennington, Bruno Silva-Santos
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Platelets mediate increased endothelium permeability in dengue through NLRP3-inflammasome activation
Authors: Eugenio D. Hottz, Juliana F. Lopes, Carla Freitas, Rogério Valls-de-Souza, Marcus F. Oliveira, Marcelo T. Bozza, Andrea T. Da Poian, Andrew S. Weyrich, Guy A. Zimmerman, Fernando A. Bozza, Patricia T. Bozza
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 3869: MicroRNA-200b blocks breast cancer lung metastasis in an orthotopic mouse mammary xenograft tumor model.
Authors: Brock Humphries, Zhishan Wang, Chengfeng Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple negative, or basal-like, breast cancer is a highly invasive and metastatic form of breast cancer, and is difficult to treat due to the lack of target therapies. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to a developmental program that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, therefore enabling cells to migrate and invade. EMT is tightly controlled during development, and recent studies showed that EMT is often reactivated in cancer and plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis, and that EMT can also be regulated by microRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a large family of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate protein-coding gene expression posttranscriptionally. Although the miR-200 family members have been shown to be able to inhibit EMT, their effects on cancer metastasis continue to be controversial. We aim to investigate the effect of miR-200b on triple negative breast cancer lung metastasis and the underlying mechanism. It was found that stably expressing miR-200b in MDA-MB-231 cells blocked lung metastasis in an orthotopic mouse mammary xenograft tumor model. In vitro studies showed that stably expressing miR-200b significantly reduced triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, stably expressing miR-200b also decreased tumor growth and angiogenesis in the orthotopic mouse mammary xenograft tumors. These findings suggest that miR-200b blocks breast cancer lung metastasis through its strong inhibitory effect on multiple-steps including proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Citation Format: Brock Humphries, Zhishan Wang, Chengfeng Yang. MicroRNA-200b blocks breast cancer lung metastasis in an orthotopic mouse mammary xenograft tumor model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3869. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3869