tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low carbohydrate-high protein diets
Authors: A. Floegel, T. Pischon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Short term benefits of weight loss seem outweighed by longer term cardiovascular harms

Low carbohydrate-high protein diets and their combinations (such as the Atkins diet) have become popular worldwide and are frequently adopted for weight control by lay people. These diets have also been suggested to have health benefits over low fat diets, mainly on the basis of results from short term intervention studies. These benefits include reductions in plasma triglyceride, glycated haemoglobin, and insulin concentrations as well as in systolic blood pressure,1 2 3 with consequent improvements in conditions such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.4 However, the long term health effects of low carbohydrate-high protein diets are unclear, particularly as adherence to them has been associated with higher mortality from cardiovascular diseases in prospective cohort studies.5 6 7 These conflicting results have fostered a debate over the benefits and risks of such diets.4

In the linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4026), Lagiou and colleagues investigated the association between adherence to low carbohydrate-high protein diets and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort of 43 396 Swedish women followed for …
Predicting the Outcome From Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma
Authors: E. O. Jorgensen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Sept 6, 1985, issue ofThe Journal, Dr Black<sup>1</sup>expressed major reservations about applying the scheme for predicting the outcome of hypoxic-ischemic coma suggested by Levy et al.<sup>2</sup>One important objection was that the scheme is based on retrospective data. Other serious methodological drawbacks are as follows: (1) The data analyzed in retrospect concern patients seen on occasion at three medical centers with different clientele and treatment strategies,<sup>3,4</sup>thereby making the possibility of interobserver variability very high. (2) The neurological findings are graded in a "worst to best" order and the greatest predictive weight is assigned to the response considered "best" at random examination time. However, any of the signs explored may be a facet of the orderly recovery. (3) The outcome categories are defined in the same way as are the end points of head trauma,<sup>5</sup>including eventual "dependency" on
Combination therapy with bosentan and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: A. H. Morice, S. Mulrennan, A. Clark
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

To the Editors: 

Hoeper et al . 1 have produced an interesting report of their clinical experience of combined therapy with bosentan and sildenafil in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whilst it is true that the relatively scant literature supporting the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors is centred around …
The genetic and functional basis of purine nucleotide feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity.
Authors: M A Becker, P R Smith, W Taylor, R Mustafi, R L Switzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The genetic and functional basis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) superactivity associated with purine nucleotide inhibitor-resistance was studied in six families with this X chromosome-linked purine metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorder. Cloning and sequencing of PRS1 and PRS2 cDNAs, derived from fibroblast total RNA of affected male patients by reverse transcription and PCR amplification, demonstrated that each PRS1 cDNA contained a distinctive single base substitution predicting a corresponding amino acid substitution in the PRS1 isoform. Overall, the array of substitutions encompassed a substantial portion of the translated sequence of PRS1 cDNA. Plasmid-mediated expression of variant PRS1 cDNAs in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3/pLysS) yielded recombinant mutant PRS1s, which, in each case, displayed a pattern and magnitude of purine nucleoside diphosphate inhibitor-resistance comparable to that found in cells of the respective patient. Kinetic analysis of recombinant mutant PRS1s showed that widely dispersed point mutations in the X chromosome-linked PRPS1 gene encoding the PRS1 isoform result in alteration of the allosteric mechanisms regulating both enzyme inhibition by purine nucleotides and activation by inorganic phosphate. The functional consequences of these mutations provide a tenable basis for the enhanced production of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, purine nucleotides, and uric acid that are the biochemical hallmarks of PRS superactivity.
Excessive use of tetanus toxoid boosters
Authors: G. Edsall
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The prevailing tetanus antibody levels on 45 children seen for routine or emergency booster injections of tetanus toxoid were all 40 to 2,500 times above the minimum protective level. Antibody levels in 22 other patients with allergic or Arthus-type reactions to tetanus toxoid were, without exception, above the threshold of protection, and all but one were many times higher. Booster doses of tetanus toxoid are being given with unnecessary and indeed excessive frequency; continuing to do this will produce a more highly toxoid-sensitive population without adding significantly to the already high protection that this immunized population has against tetanus. It is recommended that annual routine toxoid boosters of all kinds be discontinued, that routine boosters in individuals known to have had primary immunization including a reinforcing dose be given only at ten-year intervals, and that emergency boosters be given no closer than one year apart.
Results of three analytical approaches on long-term efficacy of etanercept for psoriasis in daily practice
Authors: Paula P.M. van Lümig, Rieke J.B. Driessen, Wietske Kievit, Jan B.M. Boezeman, Peter C.M. van de Kerkhof, Elke M.G.J. de Jong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
Pulmonary wedge arteriography in clinical diagnosis.
Authors: S Paulin
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Skin fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease show normal sensitivity to ionising radiation, as measured by post-irradiation clonal growth. Previous reports of cellular hypersensitivity to ionising radiation and other DNA-damaging agents in familial dysautonomia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have not been confirmed.
Failure to Confirm a Prolongation of the Biological Half-life of <sup>22</sup> Na in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: LEWIS K. DAHL, LOUIS C. LAX, CHARLES R. YOUNG, ECKART SCHACKOW, KNUD D. KNUDSEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The biological half-life of 22 Na was measured in 29 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and 15 patients with normal blood pressure. All were on a standard regimen with constant diet and known NaCl intake. The biological half-life of 22 Na was found to be similar in those with and without hypertension. This larger series of observations failed to confirm an earlier study from our laboratory in which the biological half-life of 22 Na was reported to be longer in individuals with hypertension. The most likely explanation for the difference is that with the small number of patients studied earlier, there was a fortuitous selection of normotensive subjects with a shorter biological half-life for 22 Na.
Technetium-99m DTPA Aerosol and Gallium Scanning in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: CATHERINE PICARD, MICHEL MEIGNAN, JEAN ROSSO, LUC CINOTTI, CHARLES MAYAUD, JEAN REVUZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

In 11 non-smoking AIDS patients suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the results of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol clearances, gallium scans, and arterial blood gases were compared with those of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Nine patients had PCP. All had increased clearances five times higher than the normal (5.6 +/- 2.3% X min-1 vs 1.1 +/- 0.34% X min-1, N = 10, P less than 0.001), suggesting an increased alveolar permeability. Gallium scans were abnormal in six patients but normal or slightly abnormal in the three others. Four of these nine patients had normal chest x-rays. In two of these the gallium scan was abnormal, but in the two others, only the increased Tc-99m DTPA clearances showed evidence of lung disease. Two patients had normal BAL, with normal clearances and gallium scans. Four out of the nine patients with PCP were studied after treatment. Three recovered and had normal clearance and gallium scans. One still had PCP with increased clearance but normal gallium scan. Gallium scanning and Tc-99m DTPA clearance are useful for detecting lung disease in AIDS patients with suspected PCP and for prompting BAL when chest x-rays and PaO2 levels are normal. Due to its high sensitivity, a normal Tc-99m DTPA clearance could avoid BAL.
Prevalence of IgE antibodies to extensively purified Hev b2, Hev b5, Hev b6.01, and Hev b13 in latex allergic patients in three geographic areas
Authors: T. Palosuo, M. Lehto, A. Kotovuori, N. Kalkkinen, C. Blanco, R.G. Hamilton, H. Alenius, T. Reunala, K. Turjanmaa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Workload as a determinant of ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: G. ELZINGA, N. WESTERHOF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article Workload as a determinant of ventricular hypertrophy Get access GIJS ELZINGA, GIJS ELZINGA From the Laboratory for Physiology, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NICO WESTERHOF NICO WESTERHOF From the Laboratory for Physiology, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1985, Page 524, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.9.524 Published: 01 September 1985
Should the media self-censor some court cases?
Authors: R. Morriss
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Joshua Rozenberg explores the conflict of interest between freedom of information and the protection of the public's mental health in his account of the censorship of the graphic details of the West trial.

It is not difficult to imagine how explicit reporting of some court case evidence, such as that described in the West case, might precipitate considerable distress in victims of past sexual abuse or rape. Unfortunately, childhood sexual abuse and rape are common—for example, 10% of a random sample of women in New Zealand had suffered abuse involving genital contact. The adult sequelae of childhood sexual abuse range from minimal effects to intractable and distressing psychiatric problems which are exacerbated by exposure to situations which remind the sufferer of past physical and sexual violence. Recurrent distress is more likely when the victim experienced substantial violence and humiliation during the original …
Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in man: effect of arterial filtration.
Authors: L Henriksen, E Hjelms
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Cerebral blood flow was recorded in 39 patients undergoing cardiac surgery by intraarterial injection of xenon 133. There were three subgroups of patients: 10 patients had a 20 micron arterial filter (Johnson) and 11 a 40 micron filter (Pall), and 18 had no arterial filtration. All patients had a 40 micron (Pall) filter in the coronary suction line. Significant changes in cerebral blood flow occurred during extracorporeal circulation (p less than 0.0001). For all patients cerebral blood flow increased from a resting prebypass level of 30 to 46 and 57 ml/100 g a minute during initial and stable hypothermic extracorporeal circulation respectively. Both measurements were obtained at 26 degrees C and the recordings were made on average 12 and 55 minutes after the extracorporeal circulation was started. During rewarming cerebral blood flow increased to 64, 53, 41, and 36 ml/g a minute at 31 degrees, 33 degrees, 35 degrees, and 37 degrees C respectively, and when measured four and 16 minutes on average after bypass it was 44 and 41 ml/100 g a minute. This general brain hyperperfusion was noticed in all patients with a high enough mean blood pressure to produce hyperaemia. Interposing 20 and 40 micron arterial filters reduced cerebral blood flow but did not prevent this hyperaemia. The cerebral autoregulation, which maintains a constant cerebral blood flow within wide limits of perfusion pressures, was not affected by arterial filtration. The lower limit of blood pressure at which a further reduction in blood pressure was followed by a reduction in cerebral blood flow was around 60 mm Hg in all three groups.
Balloon flotation catheters. Their use in hemodynamic monitoring in clinical practice
Authors: H. J. Swan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN THE past decade, acute myocardial infarction has rightly received increasing attention among the medical community. In many patients, a principal cause of death— primary arrhythmias—can now be prevented, and, in others, the catastrophic consequences are frequently rectified by prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation and electrical countershock. This major achievement was the outcome of the development of equipment suitable for continuous monitoring of cardiac rhythm, associated with advances in antiarrhythmic therapy. Thus, the oscilloscope, adapted for monitoring applications, allows for the prompt and accurate recognition of a cardiac arrhythmia, its designation as lethal, major, or minor, and permits immediate effective treatment. However, the other principal pathophysiological consequence of acute myocardial infarction is an alteration of cardiac function. The output of the heart usually decreases, the filling pressure of the ventricle increases, and both contractility and compliance may, but do not necessarily, decrease. The development of an appropriate device, the Swan-Ganz balloon flotation
Health Care Reform at the Close of the 20th Century
Authors: D Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Now that we as a nation have put the impeachment spectacle behind us, we have the opportunity to address issues that will truly affect our well-being during the early decades of the next century. The future of our health care system is certainly one of these issues.It has been five years since Congress considered and rejected the Clinton proposal for health care reform. Despite the enormous changes that have occurred during this brief period, we seem to be wrestling with many of the same health policy demons that occupied us in 1994 and, indeed, for 30 years before that: . . .
Assessment of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in the Middle East and risk of international spread using a novel maximum likelihood analysis approach
Authors: C Poletto, C Pelat, D Lévy-Bruhl, Y Yazdanpanah, P Y Boëlle, V Colizza
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

The emergence of the novel Middle East (ME) respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has raised global public health concerns regarding the current situation and its future evolution. Here we propose an integrative maximum likelihood analysis of both cluster data in the ME and importations in a set of European countries to assess the transmission scenario and incidence of sporadic infections. Our approach is based on a spatial-transmission model integrating mobility data worldwide and allows for variations in the zoonotic/environmental transmission and under-ascertainment. Maximum likelihood estimates for the ME, considering outbreak data up to 31 August 2013, indicate the occurrence of a subcritical epidemic with a reproductive number R of 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.77) associated with a daily rate of sporadic introductions psp of 0.28 (95% CI: 0.12-0.85). Infections in the ME appear to be mainly dominated by zoonotic/environmental transmissions, with possible under-ascertainment (ratio of estimated to observed (0.116) sporadic cases equal to 2.41, 95% CI: 1.03-7.32). No time evolution of the situation emerges. Analyses of flight passenger data from ME countries indicate areas at high risk of importation. While dismissing an immediate threat for global health security, this analysis provides a baseline scenario for future reference and updates, suggests reinforced surveillance to limit under-ascertainment, and calls for alertness in high importation risk areas worldwide.
End-of-Life Care Movement Growing
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE END-OF-LIFE movement is gaining momentum thanks to major grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Two of those grants are supporting projects aimed at educating physicians and the public about methods to improve the care of dying patients. In March, the foundation announced a $1.5-million grant establishing the Education for Physicians on End-of-life Care (EPEC) Project to develop a standardized curriculum for the education of physicians in the care of dying patients. The 2-year project is the first major initiative of the American Medical Association's (AMA) Institute for Ethics. The month before, the foundation awarded a $1.7-million grant to a coalition including the AMA and more than 80 major health and consumer organizations to launch an initiative called "Last Acts: Care and Caring at the End of Life." The initiative seeks to unite the efforts of these groups to reform current health care practices that adversely affect patients with
Expectations of Doctors and Patients
Authors: A. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This is a revision of the author's 1963 study of the team approach to medical care.In t-he early 1950s Professor Silver looked at Amerscan medical care and found that it bad no system, no recognized portal of entry, and litde oommon ground between doctor and patient.Doctors saw themseilves as diagnosers and treaters of disease, patients wan-ted to be treated as people.He set up a researdh project in New York, the "family health maintenance demnonstration," to pro-
1037-143 Positive isovolumic relaxation velocity is a strong marker of critical stenosis in the coronary artery of the normally contracting heart: Detection by a simplified tissue Doppler mapping technique
Authors: Osamu Iida, Masaaki Uematsu, Tomoki Ohara, Takakazu Morozumi, Jun-ichi Kotani, Masaki Awata, Shuichiro Higo, Toshinari Onishi, Noriaki Ito, Fusako Oshima, Seiki Nagata, Shinsuke Nanto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Angiography: Super Sleuth
Authors: Stanley Baum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The actual demonstration of a bleeding point in or adjacent to a colonic diverticulum is rare despite the fact that diverticulosis is considered responsible for approximately 70 per cent of all cases of massive rectal hemorrhage.1 The sigmoidoscopist has difficulty locating bleeding diverticula from inside the colon, and is further hampered by the limited area accessible to the sigmoidoscope. At laparotomy, surgeons are confronted with a colon filled with blood, making it unlikely that an actual bleeding diverticulum will be identified. After resection the pathologist rarely, if ever, finds the diverticulum that caused the bleeding.The diagnosis, therefore, is made . . .
Annular Detachment of the Cervix
Authors: F. G. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Six cases in which oil granuloma simulated cancer are described.The oil was introduced into the tissues therapeutically in every case.In four cases biopsy was not undertaken, and the patient underwent unnecessarily radical surgical treatment before the true nature of the lesion was recognized (excision of rectum in two, radical mastectomy in one, and castration in one).Timely histological examination enabled the granu- lomatous nature of the tumour to be recognized in the other two cases, and radical surgery was avoided.It is probable that radical treatment would have been avoided in all these cases had the possibility of a granu- loma been considered and biopsy performed.A feature common to all the cases was the failure to elicit the history of previous treatment with oily substances, or, when it was known, to recognize its significance.Other types of tumour-mimicking granulomas are mentioned briefly.
Cardiovascular risk factors in Croatia: struggling to provide the evidence for developing policy recommendations
Authors: Josipa Kern, Marija Strnad, Tanja Coric, Silvije Vuletic
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reliable epidemiological data on cardiovascular risk factors in Croatia have been lacking. This new study identifies targets for interventions Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in most European transitional countries.1 Among these countries, standardised mortality from cardiovascular disease is highest in Hungary (508 per 100 000 population) and Croatia (500/100 000) and lowest in Slovenia (295/100 000) and central European countries (238/100 000). In Croatia, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and accounts for more than half the overall mortality.1 Furthermore, cardiovascular mortality has been constantly rising since the 1970s. Until recently, no reliable epidemiological data were available on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Croatian population. The existing studies only comprised small unrepresentative samples and provided conflicting results. Hence, there was no evidence base for developing policy on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease in the future and recommending interventions for people with cardiovascular risk factors.2 3 In collaboration with the Canadian Society for International Health, we conducted the Croatian adult health survey in the summer of 2003 among citizens aged 18 and older. After we stratified the country by region (as defined by the Croatian Central Bureau of Statistics), the sample comprised 10 766 randomly selected households; 9070 individuals agreed to participate (overall response rate 84.2%). This was the first representative population survey to be conducted in Croatia.
When giants fight
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The gloves are off as the bout between Barts and the Royal London Hospital enters its final round. Whether Barts' services will move to the Royal London's site by 2000 will soon be known. In the meantime, the protagonists are fighting for all they're worth, and the contest has become even dirtier than before. Thanks to the press, the public has a ringside seat.

In a story headlined “Top doctor accused of cancer errors” the Sunday Times alleged that misdiagnoses by pathologist Professor Sir Colin Berry eight years ago resulted in two patients having unnecessary mastectomies (6 November 1994). Last summer Berry “was given the most senior job in Britain's medical schools, becoming the first warden of the newly amalgamated St Bartholomew's and London School of Medicine.”

Next day the Evening Standard reported that doctors were “furious at the way the 12-man appointments committee for the warden's job knew of the mistakes, but decided nevertheless to award it to Sir Colin.” What concerned a Barts representative was “Whether there was a deliberate attempt to conceal the error, in order to make what many of us regard as another political appointment driving the nails into the coffin of Bart's.”

A …
Unexpected Brain Uptake in Radioimmunoscintigraphy Using F(ab)2 Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: MARCEL P. M. STOKKEL, CORNELIS A. HOEFNAGEL, EMIEL J. TH. RUTGERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Persistent diffuse uptake in the brain was seen on radio-immunoscintigraphy using I-123 labeled SF25 F(ab)2 monoclonal antibodies in a patient with an adenocarcinoma of the breast. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of brain uptake in radioimmunoscintigraphy probably due to the degradation of the antibody into smaller labeled fragments.
Type I Interferon Protects Antiviral CD8+ T Cells from NK Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Haifeng C. Xu, Melanie Grusdat, Aleksandra A. Pandyra, Robin Polz, Jun Huang, Piyush Sharma, René Deenen, Karl Köhrer, Ramtin Rahbar, Andreas Diefenbach, Kathrin Gibbert, Max Löhning, Lena Höcker, Zoe Waibler, Dieter Häussinger, Tak W. Mak, Pamela S. Ohashi, Karl S. Lang, Philipp A. Lang
Journal: Immunity (2014)