tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA adducts, detected by 32P postlabelling, in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: S A Khan
Journal: Gut (2003)

Reported mortality from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCa) has risen steeply in the UK and other industrialised countries over the past 30 years, the cause of which has not been explained. DNA adduct formation is promutagenic and demonstrates exposure to a DNA damaging agent. It is a key step in chemically induced carcinogenesis. We hypothesise that the increase in CCa mortality is caused by a rise in a genotoxic environmental agent(s), causing cholangiocyte DNA damage.To investigate and compare tumour and tumour adjacent CCa tissue, and non-cancer control bile duct tissue, for DNA adducts as a biomarker of genotoxin exposure.DNA from 32 intrahepatic CCa patients (and in 28 cases DNA from adjacent non-tumour tissue) and from biliary ducts of seven non-cancer patients were investigated for the presence of DNA adducts using the nuclease P1 method of (32)P postlabelling. DNA adduct levels (number of adducts/10(8) nucleotides) were quantified.There was no significant difference in relative adduct labellings (RALs) between tumour adjacent DNA (median 8.6, range 1.2-51.6) and CCa DNA (7.2, 1.8-48.4). However, RALs were significantly higher in DNA from cancer patients (tumour adjacent and CCa DNA) compared with non-cancer patient DNA (2.9, 0.6-11.5; p=0.032, two tailed Mann-Whitney U test). Different adduct patterns were also seen in CCa compared with non-cancer patients.Quantitative and qualitative differences in adducts between cancer and non-cancer patients support the hypothesis that genotoxins may play a role in the development of intrahepatic CCa.
Neuropathogenic Forms of Huntingtin and Androgen Receptor Inhibit Fast Axonal Transport
Authors: Györgyi Szebenyi, Gerardo A. Morfini, Alyssa Babcock, Milena Gould, Kimberly Selkoe, David L. Stenoien, Maureen Young, Pieter W. Faber, Marcy E. MacDonald, Michael J. McPhaul, Scott T. Brady
Journal: Neuron (2003)
CD25+ regulatory T cells transfer n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids-induced tolerance in mice allergic to cow's milk protein
Authors: L. W. J. van den Elsen, L. A. P. M. Meulenbroek, B. C. A. M. van Esch, G. A. Hofman, L. Boon, J. Garssen, L. E. M. Willemsen
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background Recently, we have shown that dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) largely prevent allergic sensitization in a murine model for cow's milk allergy. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the prevention of food allergy by n-3 LCPUFA. Methods C3H/HeOuJ female donor mice were fed a control or fish oil diet before and during oral sensitization with cow's milk protein whey. Acute allergic skin response (ASR), anaphylaxis, body temperature, serum immunoglobulins, and mouse mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1) were assessed. Splenocytes of sham- or whey-sensitized donor mice fed either control or fish oil diet were adoptively transferred to naïve recipient mice. Recipient mice received a whole splenocyte suspension, splenocytes ex vivo depleted of CD25+ cells, or MACS-isolated CD4+ CD25+ Treg. Recipient mice were sham- or whey-sensitized and fed control diet. Results The ASR as well as whey-specific IgE and whey-specific IgG1 levels were reduced in whey-sensitized donor mice fed the fish oil diet as compared to the control diet. Splenocytes of control-diet-fed whey-sensitized donors transferred immunologic memory. By contrast, splenocytes of fish-oil-fed whey-sensitized – but not sham-sensitized – donors transferred tolerance to recipients as shown by a reduction in ASR and serum mmcp-1, and depletion of CD25+ Treg abrogated this. Transfer of CD25+ Treg confirmed the involvement of Treg in the suppression of allergic sensitization. Conclusions CD25+ Treg are crucial in whey allergy prevention by n-3 LCPUFA.
Health and performance challenges during sports training and competition in cold weather
Authors: John William Castellani, Andrew John Young
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Olympic athletes compete and train in diverse cold-weather environments, generally without adverse effects. However, the nature of some sports may increase the risk of cold injuries. This paper provides guidance to enable competition organisers and officials, coaches and athletes to avoid cold-weather injuries. This paper will (1) define potential cold-weather injuries during training and competition and (2) provide risk management guidance to mitigate susceptibility to cold-weather injuries.
Somatostatin and the dumping syndrome.
Authors: P G Reasbeck, A M Van Rij
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Walker-Smith pointed out, there have been few reports of well documented coeliac disease in non-Caucasian children.6As the children of immigrant parents grow to be adults in Western society, we should be aware of coeliac disease among them.Nelson and others found rickets in six of 17 immigrant children with coeliac disease but did not find rickets in Caucasian children with coeliac disease in a series of over 100 cases.4The two patients of Dr Dandona and his colleagues may explain the underdiagnosis of coeliac disease.7The only relevant test to exclude adult coeliac disease is jejunal biopsy.
Simple Method for the Introduction of Large-Gauge Plastic Catheters
Authors: Constantin Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

HAVING been found to be of great convenience in intravenous therapy since their introduction into clinical use, thin-walled plastic catheters are in many ways superior to needles by virtue of their flexibility, their length and their tissue acceptance for prolonged periods. They are able to remain in a vein up to three weeks without causing thrombosis1; thus, they can prevent many a painful moment in chronically ill and debilitated patients and those on prolonged intermittent therapy, especially when the time arrives for that last elusive vein. A catheter introduced percutaneously fairly high up into a vein seems to be . . .
527 Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in viral hepatitis
Authors: N. Aslan, C. Yurdaydin, H.L. Tillmann, A. Ciner, J. Wiegand, T. Kaiser, H. Bozkaya, A.M. Bozdayi, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Coexistence of Polymyositis and Carcinoid Bronchial Adenoma
Authors: Prakash Vaishnav
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 57-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of a persistent cough producing a mucoid sputum and dull right-sided chest pain of two months' duration. The condition was diagnosed three years ago as polymyositis by muscle enzyme studies, electromyogram, and muscle biopsy. She had required hospitalization for progressive weakness, the diagnosis being corroborated by increasingly high creatine kinase levels. There was a good response to corticosteroid therapy. At that time, a chest roentgenogram showed basilar reticulonodular infiltrates, and pulmonary function studies showed a faradvanced restrictive pattern (vital capacity, 940 mL [33% predicted]; total lung capacity, 1,820 mL [42% predicted]). She had a history of smoking one pack of cigarettes daily for 14 years. The pertinent findings of the physical examination were limited to the chest, where crackles were heard at the bases. No skin lesions were observed. The creatine kinase level was 5,000 units and Pao<sub>2</sub>was
Effects of selenium compounds on induction of DNA damage by broadband ultraviolet radiation in human keratinocytes
Authors: T.S. Rafferty, M.H.L. Green, J.E. Lowe, C. Arlett, J.A.A. Hunter, G.J. Beckett, R.C. McKenzie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a ubiquitous environmental genotoxin for the skin, produces DNA damage. The trace element selenium induces synthesis of the glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase enzyme families. These selenoenzymes detoxify a range of toxic compounds generated by free radicals. Objectives To assess the effects of pretreatment of primary human keratinocytes with selenium on UVR-induced DNA damage. Methods Cells were irradiated with UVR from FS-20 lamps and were subjected to comet assay. Results Comet tail length due to UVR-induced T4 endonuclease V-sensitive sites (caused by cyclopyrimidine dimers, CPDs) increased to 35 +/- 4.5 microm (mean +/- SD) immediately after irradiation (time 0 h, 100%). After 4 h, 68% of the damage remained and after 24 h, 23% of the damage was still present. Treatment with up to 200 nmol L-1 selenomethionine or 50 nmol L-1 sodium selenite had no effect on CPD formation or rates of repair, or on the number of excision repair sites as measured by cytosine arabino furanoside and hydroxyurea treatment. However, selenite and selenomethionine protected against oxidative damage to DNA as measured by formation of formamidopyrimidine (FaPy) glycosylase-sensitive sites, which are indicative of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine photoproduct formation. In this assay, irradiation of keratinocytes increased mean +/- SD glycosylase-specific comet tail length from 5 +/- 1.5 microm to 19 +/- 3.3 microm. Preincubation for 18 h with 50 nmol L-1 selenite abolished the UVR-induced increase in comet length. Preincubation with 200 nmol L-1 selenomethionine was similarly protective. Conclusions Selenite and selenomethionine protect keratinocytes from UVR-induced oxidative damage, but not from formation of UVR-induced excision repair sites.
Endothelial cell differentiation in hepatocellular adenomas: implications for histopathological diagnosis
Authors: Géraldine Gouysse, Sophie Frachon, Valérie Hervieu, Michelangelo Fiorentino, Antonia d'Errico, Jérôme Dumortier, Olivier Boillot, Christian Partensky, Walter F. Grigioni, Jean-Yves Scoazec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Direct action of rat urinary kallikrein on rat kidney to release renin.
Authors: S Suzuki, R Franco-Saenz, S Y Tan, P J Mulrow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

To study the effect of kallikrein on renal renin release, we superfused rat renal cortical slices with 3.5 to 140 milliesterase units (mEU)/ml of purified rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein was a potent stimulus of renin release. Renin rose in a dose-dependent fashion from 70 mEU/ml to 140 mEU/ml. The response to 140 mEU/ml was greater than that seen with maximal doses of prostaglandin E2 (170 +/- 43%, P < 0.05) and at least the same as isoproterenol (242 +/- 49% increase), or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (272 +/- 40%). Trypsin was ineffective under these experimental conditions. Kallikrein-stimulated renin release was completely abolished by trasylol, whereas bradykinin did not increase renin production, indicating that kallikrein's effect is not mediated via kinin generation. There was no demonstrable acid activation or kallikrein activation of the superfusate and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 revealed a single renin peak of -40,000 mol wt, suggesting that all of the renin release was in the active form. The data suggests that urinary kallikrein acts directly on the rat kidney to release renin, possibly via proteolytic conversion of prorenin to active renin. Our results support the concept that kallikrein may be an endogenous activator of prorenin in the kidney.
Survival and Rehabilitation of Patients on Home Hemodialysis
Authors: JAMES B. GROSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Despite the wide acceptance of home hemodialysis as an effective therapeutic modality, there is little information about the survival and rehabilitation of substantial numbers of patients undergoing this treatment. Twelve home dialysis training centers reporting to the Health Services and Mental Health Administration have trained 736 patients since 1967; follow-up information is available on 628 patients. Survival for the first year was 86%. Two- and 3-year survivals were 73% and 63%, respectively. Male and female survival figures were comparable, but a comparison by age showed that patients under 30 years had a better survival rate than those over 50 years. The year in which home dialysis began did not seem to influence survival. Cumulative data on rehabilitation showed that 81% were engaged in some activity during the last reporting period, and 62% were carrying on full-time activity. These figures compare favorably with previous statistics and support home hemodialysis as an effective therapy for the uremic patient.
Genetic Variation Versus Recombination Rate in a Structured Population of Mice
Authors: A. Takahashi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The correlation between genetic variation and recombination rate was investigated in a structured mouse population. Nucleotide sequence data from 19 autosomal DNA loci from eight inbred strains of mouse (Mus musculus) sampled from three major subspecies were analyzed. The recombination rate was estimated from the comparison of genetic and physical map distances between markers flanking a 10-cM region of each locus. The strains were categorized into four groups (subpopulations) based on geography. By partitioning the genetic diversity into within-group and among-group variation, we detected a positive correlation between the recombination rate and nucleotide diversity within groups. The level of nucleotide differentiation among groups (G(ST)) showed a negative correlation with the rate of recombination. There was no significant correlation between recombination rate and nucleotide diversity when data from different subpopulations were pooled. No correlation was detected between recombination rate and nucleotide divergence of M. musculus and M. spicilegus. These patterns deviate from the strict neutral expectation under the constant nucleotide substitution rate, and they are likely to have been formed either by a hitchhiking effect of positively selected mutants or by background selection of deleterious mutants occurring in a subdivided population. Our series of comparisons show that because a real population always has some structure, incorporation of its information is important in detecting non-neutral evolution.
Healing Fits: The Curing of an Epileptic
Authors: Andrew N. Wilner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<b>Embrace the Dawn: One Woman's Story of Triumph Over Epilepsy,</b>by Andrea L. Davidson, 123 pp, $15.95, ISBN 0-962-1761-0-9, paper $10.95, ISBN 0-9621761-1-7, McCall, Idaho, Sylvan Creek Press, 1989. <b>A Bomb in the Brain: A Heroic Tale of Science, Surgery, and Survival,</b>by Steve Fishman, 318 pp, $8.95, ISBN 0-380-70898-1, New York, NY, Avon Books, 1988. Recently, I have discovered three remarkable books that tell the story of life with a seizure disorder. These autobiographical works focus on the practical and emotional impact of seizures. Although there are many excellent books that address the medical aspects of seizures and epilepsy, these firsthand accounts contribute substantially to the current epilepsy literature. They are a must read for any physician who cares for patients with epilepsy. As a physician who specializes in treating people with epilepsy, when I came across<i>Healing Fits: The Curing of an Epileptic</i>, by Robert Reese, I was
High-carbohydrate diets and insulin-dependent diabetics.
Authors: R W Simpson, J I Mann, J Eaton, R D Carter, T D Hockaday
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A high-carbohydrate-(HC)-modified fat diet was compared with a standard low-carbohydrate (LC) diabetic diet in 11 insulin-dependent diabetics. Basal and preprandial plasma glucose concentrations were appreciably lower when the patients received the HC diet derived chiefly from readily available cereal and vegetable sources (mean (+/- SE of mean) basal concentrations 6.7 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (121 +/- 22 mg/100 ml) with the LC diet and 4.3 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (77 +/- 13 mg/100 ml) with the HC diet; mean preprandial concentrations 11.1 +/- 1.2 mmol/l (200 +/- 22 mg/100 ml) LC diet and 8.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l (160 +/- 23 mg/100 ml) HC diet). total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were lower when patients took the HC diet (mean 4.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (189 +/- 8 and 124 +/- 8 mg/100 ml) respectively), and the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol tended to rise. The average percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ between the two diets. Thus several measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism appear to be more satisfactory when patients receive a HC diet, which is an acceptable alternative to that still recommended to most insulin-requiring patients.
Relationship between decay accelerating factor deficiency, diminished acetylcholinesterase activity, and defective terminal complement pathway restriction in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes.
Authors: M E Medof, A Gottlieb, T Kinoshita, S Hall, R Silber, V Nussenzweig, W F Rosse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes exhibit abnormalities in decay accelerating factor (DAF), acetylcholinesterase, and resistance to autologous C5b-9 attack. To investigate the nature of the lesion underlying PNH cells, we examined the relationship of these abnormalities to one another. Analyses of DAF in acetylcholinesterase-negative erythrocytes revealed that these two abnormalities involve functionally independent molecules, coincide precisely in the same cell populations, and are similarly expressed in PNH II and more complement-sensitive PNH III erythrocytes. The DAF and acetylcholinesterase deficiencies contrast with the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1) deficit, which is less profound and similarly distributed in complement-insensitive cell populations. Hemolytic studies showed that defective resistance to autologous C5b-9 attack is mediated by another mechanism. Whereas reconstitution of PNH II erythrocytes with DAF completely corrected their complement sensitivity, DAF reconstitution of PNH III erythrocytes restored their ability to circumvent C3b uptake but had no effect on their heightened susceptibility to reactive lysis. Assays of complement-insensitive (PNH I) erythrocytes surviving after reactive lysis disclosed partial DAF and acetylcholinesterase deficits. These findings indicate that the PNH lesion involves multiple membrane components and that PNH I erythrocytes are also abnormal.
HBsAg level at time of liver transplantation determines HBsAg decrease and anti-HBs increase and affects HBV DNA decrease during early immunoglobulin administration
Authors: Jens Rosenau, Therese Kreutz, Matthias Kujawa, Matthias J. Bahr, Kinan Rifai, Nazanin Hooman, Andrea Finger, Gerd Michel, Björn Nashan, Ernst R. Kuse, Jürgen Klempnauer, Hans L. Tillmann, Michael P. Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Steady-state effects of preload and afterload on isovolumic indices of contractility in autonomically blocked dogs
Authors: A. BROUGHTON, P. I KORNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The steady-state effects of independently altering left atrial pressure (LAP), aortic pressure (AP), and heart rate (HR) on left ventricular isovolumic indices were studied in autonomically blocked open-chested dogs. With mean AP and HR constant (dP/dt)max and (dP/dt)DP40 (that is dP/dt at a developed LVP of 5.3 kPa [40 mmHg]) rose to an approximate plateau above LAP 1.6 kPa (12 mmHg) implying optimum diastolic LV fibre length above this LAP. However, the index (dP/dt/TP)max (TP = total LVP above atmospheric) fell progressively at LAP > 1.6 kPa (12 mmHg). Increasing HR (LAP constant) increased (dP/dt)max by 5.6 ± 0.7% of basal value for every 10 beats.min−1 over HR range 120 to 200 beats·min−1. With LAP and HR constant changing AP in the aortic diastolic pressures (ADP) range 6.7 to 20 kPa (50 to 150 mmHg) had no effect on (dP/dt)DP40 and (dP/dt/TP)max, which occur early in systole. (dP/dt)max was afterload independent at ADP > 12 kPa (90 mmHg), but fell by about 5% (P <0.005) in the ADP range 6.8 to 9.3 kPa (51 to 70 mmHg) (basal conditions) and by 12% (P < 0.005) in the range 9.5 to 12 kPa (71 to 90 mmHg) (enhanced contractility), probably due to aortic valve opening. Under the present steady-state conditions direct afterload-mediated modulation of inotropic state could not be demonstrated. During Ca2+-mediated enhanced contractility the relative increases in the three indices differed, with the effects on (dP/dt)max, (dP/dt)DP40 and (dP/dt/TP)max respectively 235%, 176%, and 148% of their basal value. These changes were inversely related to the timing of each index in isovolumic systole and may reflect differences in activation of muscle fibres.
Development and Validation of a Patient Self-assessment Score for Diabetes Risk
Authors: Heejung Bang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

National guidelines disagree on who should be screened for undiagnosed diabetes. No existing diabetes risk score is highly generalizable or widely followed.To develop a new diabetes screening score and compare it with other available screening instruments (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Diabetes Association, and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines; 2 American Diabetes Association risk questionnaires; and the Rotterdam model).Cross-sectional data.NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 1999 to 2004 for model development and 2005 to 2006, plus a combined cohort of 2 community studies, ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study and CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study), for validation.U.S. adults aged 20 years or older.A risk-scoring algorithm for undiagnosed diabetes, defined as fasting plasma glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or greater without known diabetes, was developed in the development data set. Logistic regression was used to determine which participant characteristics were independently associated with undiagnosed diabetes. The new algorithm and other methods were evaluated by standard diagnostic and feasibility measures.Age, sex, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, obesity, and physical activity were associated with undiagnosed diabetes. In NHANES (ARIC/CHS), the cut-point of 5 or more points selected 35% (40%) of persons for diabetes screening and yielded a sensitivity of 79% (72%), specificity of 67% (62%), positive predictive value of 10% (10%), and positive likelihood ratio of 2.39 (1.89). In contrast, the comparison scores yielded a sensitivity of 44% to 100%, specificity of 10% to 73%, positive predictive value of 5% to 8%, and positive likelihood ratio of 1.11 to 1.98.Data during pregnancy were not available.This easy-to-implement diabetes screening score seems to demonstrate improvements over existing methods. Studies are needed to evaluate it in diverse populations in real-world settings.Clinical and Translational Science Center at Weill Cornell Medical College.
Discovery of Monkeypox in Sudan
Authors: Inger K. Damon, Cathy E. Roth, Vipul Chowdhary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: On November 4, 2005, the Poxvirus Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Smallpox and other Poxvirus Infections, was contacted by a former volunteer with Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) with a request for information regarding a child with a generalized pustular rash illness in southern Sudan. On the basis of a review of a photograph of the child (Figure 1), dated October 28, 2005, and limited clinical information describing a febrile period of disease, it was agreed that the findings were suggestive of a systemic orthopoxvirus . . .