tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumoconiosis of shale miners.
Authors: A Seaton, D Lamb, W R Brown, G Sclare, W G Middleton
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Four patients are described in whom pneumoconiosis was diagnosed towards the end of a lifetime9s work in shale mines. All developed complicated pneumoconiosis, diagnosed in two cases at necropsy, in one by lobectomy, and in one radiologically. Two of the patients were found at necropsy also to have peripheral squamous lung cancer.The clinical and histological features of the disease resembled the pneumoconioses of coalminers and kaolin workers and the lungs of three of the patients were shown to contain dust composed predominantly of kaolinite, mica, and silica. Shale miners9 complicated pneumoconiosis has not previously been described. Although the British shale industry is now defunct, oil production from shale is expanding in other countries, notably the USA. It is suggested that control should be exercised over dust exposure levels in this industry and that epidemiological studies should be carried out to quantify the risks of both pneumoconiosis and bronchial carcinoma.
The Early Response to DNA Damage Can Lead to Activation of Alternative Splicing Activity Resulting in CD44 Splice Pattern Changes
Authors: Valery Filippov, Maria Filippova, Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Expression of the human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncogene interferes with several vital cellular processes, including the p53-dependent response to DNA damage. To assess the influence of E6 on the early response to DNA damage, we analyzed gene expression following mitomycin C–induced genotoxic stress in human E6–expressing U2OS cells (U2OSE64b) as well as in p53-expressing control cells (U2OSE6AS) by comparative global expression profiling. As expected, genes involved in p53-dependent pathways were activated in p53-expressing cells. In the U2OSE64b cells, however, a largely nonoverlapping group of genes was identified, including two splicing factors of the SR family. Immunoblot analysis revealed increased expression of several SR proteins during the early response to DNA damage, which was accompanied by activation of alternative splicing activity. Disruption of splicing activity by treatment with small interfering RNA directed against splicing factor SRp55 resulted in the increased viability of p53-deficient cells following DNA damage. To determine whether the transient activation of splicing activity was due to E6-mediated degradation of p53, or was due to some other activity of E6, we compared the early response of the p53 wild-type and p53−/− isogenic HCT116 cell lines, and found that the increase in splicing activity was observed only in the absence of p53. Finally, both the U2OSE64b and the p53−/− cells showed altered splicing patterns for the CD44 receptor. Together, these data show that cells lacking p53 can activate alternative splicing following DNA damage. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7621–30]
Abstract LB-48: The survivorship and advocacy task force model at Breast Cancer Connections
Authors: Susie Brain
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract This poster demonstrates that an advocacy program can facilitate effective collaboration between a non-profit cancer support organization and the cancer research community. The evolution and scaling of the Survivorship and Advocacy Task Force Model is illustrated so that it can be replicated by other non-profit disease support organizations. Breast Cancer Connections (BCC), is a non-profit breast cancer resource center serving people touched by breast cancer in the San Francisco Bay Area and globally via the Internet and the telephone Helpline. BCC provides personalized information, support, and connections to other local and national resources in an atmosphere of warmth, sensitivity, and understanding. BCC was founded in 1993, by a surgeon and her patient who saw a need to augment what was being offered through the medical model. With more than 35 programs and services, all offered at no charge, BCC remains a vital and unique resource. Prompted by the requirement for patient advocate and survivor involvement in the research grant application process (California Breast Cancer Research Program, DoD, Susan G. Komen for the Cure) as well as by the increasing needs of breast cancer survivors, BCC formed the Survivorship and Advocacy Task Force (SATF) in 2008. The dual purpose of the SATF is to provide input and review to researchers applying for research grants and to assist BCC in developing services and programs that will improve the lives of breast cancer survivors. Task Force members who participate in reviewing research grants must be active research advocates and have formal training in the language and concepts of breast cancer research (such as Project LEAD Institute) or a Ph.D. in a discipline relevant to breast cancer research.The poster author chairs the BCC's SATF with five active members. The Task Force's efforts include meeting the PI to hear about the research, providing input to the PI on the research from the patient/survivor perspective, reviewing the grant proposal, refining the language of the lay abstract, writing a letter of support to accompany the grant proposal, and participating in the research if the research application is accepted. Current collaborators include breast cancer researchers from Stanford University, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, and University of California, San Francisco. As funding agencies increase their requirements for advocate involvement and as awareness of the importance of survivorship continues to grow, requests for SATF participation continues to increase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-48. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-48
Management of Influenza in Adults Older than 65 Years of Age: Cost-Effectiveness of Rapid Testing and Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Michael B. Rothberg, Sandra Bellantonio, David N. Rose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Although antiviral therapy is cost-effective in adults, its cost-effectiveness in older adults has not been studied. Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of influenza testing and treatment strategies for older adults. Design: Costutility decision model. Data Sources: Clinical trials of antiviral drugs and epidemiologic data. Target Population: Noninstitutionalized adults older than 65 years of age with influenza-like illness. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: Rapid diagnostic testing or empirical therapy with antiviral drugs. Outcome Measures: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with no intervention, empirically treating an unvaccinated 75-year-old patient with amantadine increased life expectancy by 0.0014 QALY at a cost of $1.57, a cost-effectiveness ratio of $1129 per QALY saved. Compared with amantadine, rapid diagnostic testing followed by treatment with oseltamivir cost $5025 per QALY saved and empirical treatment with oseltamivir cost $10 296 per QALY saved. Testing and treatment strategies were less cost-effective if the patient was vaccinated, ranging from $2483 per QALY saved with amantadine to $70 300 per QALY saved with oseltamivir. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: The decision was sensitive to the probability of influenza, the efficacy of oseltamivir in preventing hospitalizations, and hospitalization and case-fatality rates. The decision was not sensitive to the probability or severity of medication side effects, the quality of life for influenza illness or hospitalization, the efficacy of antiviral therapy in shortening influenza illness, or the rapid diagnostic test characteristics. Conclusions: For unvaccinated or high-risk vaccinated patients during the influenza season, empirical oseltamivir treatment is cost-effective. For other patients, rapid diagnostic testing followed by treatment with oseltamivir is cost-effective. Empirical amantadine treatment offers a low-cost alternative if patients cannot afford oseltamivir.
544 Induction of FcεR2/CD23 on normal human monocytes (MØ) by human recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4)
Authors: D. Vercelli, H.H. Jabara, B.W. Lee, R.S. Geha, D.Y.M. Leung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Continuous and intermittent cardiac output measurement in hyperdynamic conditions: pulmonary artery catheter vs. lithium dilution technique
Authors: Maria Gabriella Costa, Giorgio Della Rocca, Paolo Chiarandini, Silvia Mattelig, Livia Pompei, Mauricio Sainz Barriga, Toby Reynolds, Maurizio Cecconi, Paolo Pietropaoli
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Feedback in Clinical Medical Education: Guidelines for Learners on Receiving Feedback
Authors: Elizabeth A. Rider
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Methotrexate toxicity induced by acute renal failure
Authors: C. Soon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Dr McNaught is right to point out examples of racism in the NHS (December 2004 JRSM 1 ).But what to do about it?Maybe we can learn some lessons from the past.Today there is an over-representation of black people in the mental health system but in the 1960s Irish people were over-represented. 2 Psychiatrists thought that the prevalence of schizophrenia was high in people from the west of Ireland and invented a new syndrome 'western seaboard psychosis'. 3 Anthropologists descended on the unsuspecting immigrants to ask them if their Catholic faith caused their minds to unbalance and psychiatrists followed to dole out antipsychotics.But then some proper research was done and it showed no excess of schizophrenia in Irish immigrants. 4 The methods of case collection in the early studies were poor and cross-cultural comparisons were not properly thought through. 3 Today Irish people are no more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than anyone else.How did this happen?I would love to say that it was because of the new research or because of government initiatives.The research helped a bit but the main cures for anti-Irish discrimination were that the new immigrants were richer, better educated, better informed and more questioning.They would not be fobbed off with a misdiagnosis.An increasing understanding and appreciation of Irish culture also helped reduce anti-Irish discrimination generally.The most effective cure of all was time.A cynic would add that, nowadays, people have a new batch of immigrants (such as asylum seekers) to discriminate against.So we need fewer new policy drives and more changes of heart.These will only come from changes in society.Blaming individuals or even the NHS will not help.
Patients Who Drink Alcohol
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Erudite, elderly, and introspective, one of my patients articulates clearly some of today's dilemmas facing both alcoholic patients and their physicians. When he came to see me, he smiled at me benevolently, admitted freely that he had drunk a lot of alcohol throughout much of his life, and was "CAGE positive."<sup>1</sup>But Alcoholics Anonymous, psychotherapy, and interventions with medications are not for him, and he has continued to drink too much despite my earnest endeavors. We engage in what has become ongoing debate: "You find me something to replace the pleasure lost by robbing me of alcohol, and I'll behave." And, more recently, "While you're at it, tell me how to handle the latest news extolling the virtues of alcohol in moderation." See also pp 761 and 797 and the March 1996 issue of<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>. Four years ago, I speculated in these pages about the reasons
EXPERIMENTS WITH PARALDEHYDE.
Authors: C. C. HERSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

This remedy was first, introduced to the medical profession by Cervello. I think he was an Italian, as it was soon after reported by Morello and Bergesio at a meeting of the Italian Medical Association. Paraldehyde is formed from an aldehyd or dehydrogenated alcohol by the action of an acid, either acetic, nitric, sulphuric or sulphurous. Some writers have called it an exaggerated aldehyd, as its molecular composition is a multiple of the latter by three, aldehyd being represented by the symbol C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O, and paraldehyde by C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. When acted on by chlorin it is said to be converted into chloral. It is a colorless liquid, having an unpleasant taste and peculiar odor, which remains with the breath many hours after its administration. Its specific gravity is 0.998, boils at a temperature of 225 F., and is miscible in eight times its
Acquired Neuromyotonia Heralding Recurrent Thymoma in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Jori Fleisher, Megan Richie, Raymond Price, Steven Scherer, Josep Dalmau, Eric Lancaster
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Acquired neuromyotonia is increasingly recognized as an autoimmune disorder, frequently associated with antibodies against voltage-gated potassium channel complex proteins.We present a case of acquired neuromyotonia as the heralding symptom of recurrent thymoma in a patient with myasthenia gravis.A report of a single case of a 53-year-old man with myasthenia gravis and a prior thymectomy presenting with 2 months of diffuse, involuntary muscle twitching in the absence of myasthenic symptoms, electrophysiologically confirmed to be neuromyotonia. Further evaluation revealed the recurrence of malignant thymoma, accompanied by refractory arrhythmia. Serologic and cerebrospinal fluid testing confirmed the presence of antibodies directed against 2 voltage-gated potassium channel–associated proteins: LGI1 and Caspr2.This case highlights the overlap of myasthenia, neuromyotonia, and thymoma, emphasizing the importance of appropriate tumor screening in the presence of either of the former 2 conditions.
THE LEVEL OF VITAMIN A AND CAROTENE IN THE PLASMA OF RHEUMATIC SUBJECTS
Authors: Robert E. Shank, Alvin F. Coburn, Lucile V. Moore, Charles L. Hoagland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

It is recognized that rheumatic fever occurs more frequently in individuals from low income groups than in those from economic groups with greater income.In a recent study (1), the diets of 50 rheumatic children from families of low income were analyzed and compared with those of 50 non-rheumatic children from families on high income.Striking differences were found.The diets of the rheumatic children contained less than required amounts of various food com- ponents, with most marked inadequacies of protein, iron, and vitamin A. The occurrence of inadequate intake of vitamin A was much more frequent in the rheumatic than in the non- rheumatic children, only 2 of the former and 36 of the latter having diets deficient in this com- ponent.There was a statistically significant association between susceptibility to rheumatic fever and inadequate intake of vitamin A. In the half of the rheumatic group considered most susceptible to rheumatic fever, only one child received vitamin A in required amounts.An analysis of the diet in terms of units of vitamin A obtained from animal and plant sources revealed the following facts: (a) children most susceptible to rheumatic fever received an average of 2280 I.U.4 from animal and 2340 I.U.from vegetable sources, daily; (b) corresponding values for children less susceptible to rheumatic fever were 4840 I.U.and 4900 I.U., respectively; (c) non- rheumatic children from families of high income groups received 10,580 I.U.from animal and 4960 I.U.from plant sources.
William Lloyd Jones
Authors: J. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

William Lloyd Jones (“Will”; “WLJ” in all hospital documentation) was a general surgeon of great distinction. Very much the surgeon to the medical profession and their families, he enjoyed a varied and extensive practice during the whole of his surgical career. He remained a general surgeon (increasing difficult in an era of superspecialisation when young surgeons are increasingly trained to operate on only one organ)—and he was fiercely proud of it.

Will was born in Anglesey in 1940. His father was a …
Treatment of Tetanus by Aconite
Authors: L. W. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (1860)

hardnesse; whereupon I desired him to cut the Orifice wider: by which meanes we presently perceived a carnouse substance, as it seemed to us wreathed together in foldes like a worme or Serpent: at which we both much wondred, and I intreated him to seperate it from the heart, which he did, and we carryed it from the body to the window, and there layed it out, in those just dimensions which are here expressed in the figure ."The body was white of the very colour of the whitest slkin of mans body: but the skin was bright and shining, as if it had beene varnished over; the head all bloody, and so like the head of a Serpent, that the Lady HEIerris then shivered to see it, and since hath often spoken it, that she was inwardly troubled at it, because the head of it was so truely like the head of a Snake." The thighes and branches were of flesh colour, as were also all these fibraes, strings, nerves, or whatsoever else they were." After much contemplation and conjectures what strange thing that part of the heart had brought forth unto us, I re- solved to try the certainty, and to mak;e full exploration, both for mine owne experience and satisfaction, as also to give true testimony to others that should heare of it: And thereupon I searched all parts of it, to find whether it were a pituitose and bloody Collection, or the like: Or a true organicall body, and Conception: I first searched the head and found it of a thicke substance, bloody and glandulous about the necke, somewhat broken (as I conceived) by a sudden or violent separation of it from the heart, which yet seemed to me to come from it easily enough." The body I searched likewise with a bodkin betweene the Legs or Thighs, and I found it perforate, or hollow, and a solid body, to the very length of a silver bodkin, as is here described: At which the Spectators wondered.And as not crediting me, some of them tooke the bodkin after me, made triall them- selves, ard remained satisfied, that there was a gut, Veine or Artery, or some suclh Analogicall thing that was to serve that Monster for uses naturall: Amongst whom the Lady Herris and the Surgian made tryall after me with their own hands, and
Multiple responses of aplastic anemia to low‐dose cyclosporine therapy despite development of a myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Mark R. Litzow, Robert A. Kyle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A 55‐year‐old white woman presented in July 1984 with severe aplastic anemia refractory to anti‐thymocyte globulin, corticosteroids, and danazol. In December 1984, oral cyclosporine therapy was begun, and a partial remission was achieved with persistent thrombocytopenia and transfusion independence. The cyclosporine dosage was tapered and then stopped in May 1986 when the platelet count was 35,000/L. In October 1986 the platelet count was only 16,000/L, and the bone marrow showed evidence of a myelodysplastic syndrome; cytogenetic analysis revealed deletion of the long arm of chromosome 13 (previous cytogenetic findings had been normal). After cyclosporine therapy was resumed, platelet count promptly increased to 36,000/L. A subsequent attempt to taper the cyclosporine dosage resulted in a decreased platelet count. The platelet count responded to cyclosporine again and was maintained at 54,000/L and higher with cyclosporine therapy at only 25 mg/day. This information suggests that, despite the development of a myelodysplastic syndrome, immune mechanisms were still operative in the pathogenesis of our patient's thrombocytopenia. Immune modulation may have an important role in preventing progression of myelodysplastic syndromes to more severe forms or to acute leukemia.
Endothelin-1 Increases Vascular Superoxide via Endothelin <sub>A</sub> –NADPH Oxidase Pathway in Low-Renin Hypertension
Authors: Lixin Li, Gregory D. Fink, Stephanie W. Watts, Carrie A. Northcott, James J. Galligan, Patrick J. Pagano, Alex F. Chen
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Angiotensin II-induced hypertension is associated with NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide production in the vessel wall. Vascular superoxide level is also increased in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, which is associated with a markedly depressed plasma renin activity because of sodium retention. However, the mechanisms underlying superoxide production in low-renin hypertension are undefined.This study investigated (1) whether and how endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, contributes to arterial superoxide generation and (2) the effect of gene transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Both superoxide and ET-1 levels were significantly elevated in carotid arteries of DOCA-salt rats compared with that of the sham-operated controls. ET-1 concentration-dependently stimulated superoxide production in vitro in carotid arteries of normotensive rats. The increase in arterial superoxide in both ET-1-treated normotensive and DOCA-salt rats was reversed by a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, ABT-627, the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin but not by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. Furthermore, in vivo blockade of ET(A) receptors significantly reduced arterial superoxide levels, with a concomitant decrease of systolic blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats. Ex vivo gene transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase or endothelial nitric oxide synthase also suppressed superoxide levels in carotid arteries of DOCA-salt rats.These findings suggest that ET-1 augments vascular superoxide production at least in part via an ET(A)/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension.