tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic absorption of adrenaline after aerosol, eye‐drop and subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers
Authors: C. Dahlöf, T. Mellstrand, N. Svedmyr
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Adrenaline is the drug of choice for management of the anaphylactic reaction. The objective of this study was to compare systemic absorption of adrenaline after administration by different routes to healthy volunteers. Ten puffs (1.5 mg as adrenaline base) with 10–15 s intervals between them followed 2 h later by 20 puffs (3 mg) of adrenaline from a pressurized aerosol (Medihaler‐Epi, 3M Riker, 14.0 mg/ml adrenaline acid tartrate) were sprayed into the cheek pouch or inhaled through the mouth or the nostrils. Adrenaline was also administered to the eyes by giving 2 drops (1 mg) of Isopto‐Epinal (Alcon, 10 mg × ml −1 ). Finally, 0.5 ml (0.5 mg) of adrenaline was given subcutaneously in the upper arm of the same individuals. The systemic absorption was determined by measuring plasma adrenaline levels and effects on blood pressure, heart rate and finger tremor before and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after adrenaline administration. Adrenaline given as eye‐drops did not have any significant effect on these parameters. Subcutaneously administered adrenaline caused within 5 min a significant increase of plasma adrenaline level (from 1.0 ± 0.2 to a peak of 6.5 ± 1.2 nM) which gradually decreased during 2 h. This mode of adrenaline administration increased the systolic blood pressure by a maximum of 11 ± 3.5 mmHg, heart rate by 9 ± 2.2 beats × min −1 , tremor ratio by 4 ± 0.6 and reduced the diastolic blood pressure by 18 ± 4.7 mmHg. The cardiovascular effects were approximately maximum 15 min after administration and lasted almost 90 min. After 10 inhalations through the mouth no significant effects were seen, whereas after 20 inhalations the plasma adrenaline level increased significantly (from 1.1 ± 0.2 to a peak of 2.4 ± 0.6 nM). The effects on blood pressure, heart rate and finger tremor ratio were more short‐lived than those caused by subcutaneously administered adrenaline. The effects of nasal inhalation of adrenaline were similar but more long‐lasting when compared to oral inhalation. Conclusion. Inhaled adrenaline gives rapid systemic absorption but this is less pronounced and more short‐lasting than with subcutaneous adrenaline. Apart from being easier for the patient to use, the inhaled route of adrenaline administration also appears to be cardiovascularly safe within a wide dose range. It is therefore suggested that patients known to be hypersensitive should be equipped with Medihaler Adrenaline for emergencies as a complement to subcutaneous adrenaline. Further, the recommended dose of this inhaler in the treatment of acute upper airway hyperreactive conditions should be increased to 10–20 inhalations, which can be repeated if necessary.
Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function
Authors: S. L Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and one at the American Forces Madigan Hospital to be built in Seattle) hospital wide projects are being implemented.Individual scientific evaluations of the various components that go to make up PACS are indeed vital but will never predict accurately the performance of a completely integrated system.The Wright brothers could have carried on analysing each individual component of their aeroplane for the rest of their lives, but at the end of the day the only way they could tell whether it would fly was to take to the air.We firmly believe, to pursue this aeronautical metaphor, that the time has come for digital radiology to take off; there will undoubtedly be one or two setbacks, but the fainthearted will remain forever earthbound.
Adrenaline in Hyperthyroidism and Insulin Hypoglycaemia
Authors: W. F. Diller, R. Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1958)

OESOPHAGEAL STENOSIS AFTER GASTRECTOMYEDInT!SH 823It was felt that reflux was the most likely cause of oeso- phagitis in the cases here described.Since both cases showed a complete achlorhydria, it was thought that acid or peptic digestion was unlikely to be the operative factor.On the other hand, the conditions for tryptic activity were ideal.It was therefore felt necessary to prevent jejunal contents from reaching the lower end of the oesophagus.The obvious means of attaining this end was to convert the Polya gastrectomy into a Billroth type.If reflux did thereafter occur, the contents would be gastric, achlorhydric, and free of jejunal content.In both cases this manceuvre was successful.The oeso- phagitis and dysphagia cleared up rapidly, and though re- view has taken place at frequent intervals for the past two years, no evidence of recurrence of stricture has oc- curred.This seems to confirm that reflux of jejunal content, and probably tryptic activity, were the cause of the oesophagitis which led to stenosis.Summary Two cases of an unusual complication of subtotal gastrectomy are described.The possible causes of this complication are discussed.It is suggested, on theoretical grounds and as a result of the line of treatment adopted in these cases, that the reflux of the jejunal contents, and possibly tryptic activity, may be the operative factors in causing the oesophagitis which led to stenosis.I thank Dr. P. N. Coleman, consultant pathologist, for the section reports and also for his
Endoscopic Papillotomy for Common Bile Duct Stones: Factors Influencing the Complication Rate
Authors: J. Boender, G. A. J. J. Nix, M. A. J. de Ridder, M. van Blankenstein, H. E. Schütte, J. Dees, J. H. P. Wilson
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

In a prospective study, the complications observed in 242 consecutive patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones were recorded over a period of up to three months. Patients with previous gastric surgery, papillotomy, or additional pancreato-biliary disease other than gallbladder stones were excluded. The overall complication rate was 14 %, 74 % of these complications being moderate or severe.
Antinuclear antibodies associate with loss of response to antitumour necrosis factor-α therapy in psoriasis but do not necessarily predict treatment failure
Authors: O. Golberg, J.E. Osborne, P.E. Hutchinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Antinuclear antibodies associate with loss of response to antitumour necrosis factor‐α therapy in psoriasis but do not necessarily predict treatment failure Get access O. Golberg, O. Golberg Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, U.K. E‐mail: olga_golberg@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.E. Osborne, J.E. Osborne Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, U.K. E‐mail: olga_golberg@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.E. Hutchinson P.E. Hutchinson Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, U.K. E‐mail: olga_golberg@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 2, 1 February 2011, Pages 459–460, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10101.x Published: 01 February 2011
Effects of Theophylline on Ventilatory Poststimulus Potentiation in Patients with Brain Damage
Authors: Ioanna Mitrouska, Eumorfia Kondili, George Prinianakis, Nickolaos Siafakas, Dimitris Georgopoulos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Patients with brain damage, in contrast to normal subjects, exhibit a significant ventilatory undershoot when brief hypocapnic hypoxia is terminated abruptly by hyperoxia. This has been attributed to an impairment of activation of short-term potentiation, a brain stem mechanism promoting breathing stability. We hypothesized that in these patients theophylline, a drug that stabilizes breathing, may affect short-term potentiation. Eight stable patients with brain damage and 10 normal adults were studied. Activation of short-term potentiation was examined by brief exposure to hypoxia followed by hyperoxia after pretreatment with placebo or theophylline. Both in patients and normal subjects at the end of hypoxia ventilation increased to a similar magnitude with and without theophylline. In normal subjects independent of pretreatment, when hypoxia was terminated abruptly by hyperoxia, ventilation declined slowly to baseline without an undershoot, indicating activation of short-term potentiation. In patients with placebo, ventilation upon switching to hyperoxia exhibited a significant undershoot. This undershoot was significantly attenuated by theophylline, although compared with normal subjects, a slight hypoventilation was observed. We conclude that in patients with brain damage, theophylline largely prevents the hyperoxic drop of ventilation, presumably by affecting the activation of short-term potentiation. This may underlie the beneficial effect of theophylline on breathing stability.
Health Consequences of the World Trade Center Disaster
Authors: Lorna E. Thorpe, Stephen Friedman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Hyperacute Resection
Authors: O. S. Better, D. Erlik, A. Barzilai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

To the Editor: In the September 19, 1968, issue Williams et al. report on seven cases of hyperacute rejection of renal homografts. In at least three of their patients (S.S., M.D. and P.S.) the rejection was evident macroscopically almost immediately upon revascularization of the graft. In all seven kidneys biopsies taken within one hour of transplantation showed polymorphonuclear-leukocyte accumulation in the glomerular and tubular capillaries. Similar histologic appearance has been shown by others1 to signify poor chances of graft survival. From all these it seems that in retransplantations, in which the frequency of hyperacute rejections may be 25 per cent . . .
Acute Bronchial Asthma
Authors: E. R. McFadden, Roger Kiser, William J. DeGroot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To compare the degree of bronchial obstruction and the clinical manifestations of asthma, we correlated lung mechanics with subjective complaints and physical findings in 22 patients during acute attacks of bronchospasm, and serially during therapy. Only the sign of retraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle consistently identified those who had severe impairment of pulmonary function; dyspnea and wheezing did not. Regardless of the initial presentation of the patients, when they became asymptomatic, the overall mechanical function of their lungs ranged between 40 and 50 per cent of predicted normal values. When they were without signs of asthma, lung function was only 60 to 70 per cent of predicted values. These abnormalities appear to result from persistent airflow obstruction residing in peripheral airways that is not sufficient to induce symptoms at rest but compromises pulmonary function and may serve as a base for future recurrent episodes of asthma.
Accelerated breakdown of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in myotonic dystrophy: a hereditary error of immunoglobulin catabolism.
Authors: R D Wochner, G Drews, W Strober, T A Waldmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

Myotonic dystrophy is a hereditary progressive muscular abnormality with dominant transmittance that was first proposed as a separate entity by Batten and Gibb (1) and by Steinert (2) in 1909.The muscular abnormality that is the dominant feature of the disease is characterized by weakness, wasting, and myotonia, especially of the facial, neck, and distal musculature.Other abnormalities frequently associated with the disease include frontal alopecia, cataracts, gonadal atrophy, low basal metabolic rate with normal thyroid function, impaired glucose tolerance, and electrocardiographic abnormalities.Reduction in serum y-globulin concentration has been observed in patients with myotonic dystrophy by some workers (3, 4) but not by others (5).In 1956 Zinneman and Rotstein reported decreased y-globulins in 7 of 12 patients with myotonic dystrophy (6).It was found that the survival half- time of 1311-labeled y-globulin in six of these patients averaged 7.6 days compared to 10.5 days in controls, whereas the survival of albumin-'31I averaged 10.2 days compared to 9.6 days in con- trols.In recent years, the plasma proteins that possess immunologic activity have been the subject of in- tensive study.These proteins as a group are re- ferred to as immunoglobulins and can be divided into at least three major classes.These are IgG (7 S y2-globulins), IgA (,82A-globulins), and IgM (yi-macroglobulins or f82M-globulins).Each of these fractions possesses antibody activity and cer-
Something 'New' in JAMA? Exploring Controversies
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, we introduce a new section entitled Controversies. Controversy is defined as "a discussion marked especially by the expression of opposing views."<sup>2</sup>Menken<sup>3</sup>describes controversy as a disagreement in matters of opinion in which participants strive to convince others of the soundness of their perspectives, and suggests that controversy has been recognized as a meaningful and legitimate method of inquiry in the pursuit of knowledge. Clearly, there can be no significant controversy unless there are at least 2 alternatives, each of which has advocates and opponents, valid advantages and serious disadvantages, and unique tradeoffs and ramifications. For some issues in medicine, controversy, like uncertainty, may be both the compelling force and the final remainder.<sup>4</sup> See also pp 159 and 161. The Journalcertainly has published many articles on topics that could be considered controversial and has tackled numerous issues that have engendered
Resource-Based Relative Values for Invasive Procedures Performed by Eight Surgical Specialties
Authors: William C. Hsiao
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We surveyed approximately 850 physicians in eight surgical specialties to investigate physicians' work in performing invasive services. Building on our analysis of physician work, we developed a relative value scale of physicians' services based on resource costs. First, we found that physician charges are not set in proportion to the resources required to perform a given procedure: there is a threefold variation, across hospital-based invasive procedures, in the ratio of charges to resource-based relative values. Second, for most procedures, the preoperative and postoperative periods represent 60% to 75% of a physician's total service time, but only 35% to 50% of the total service work. Lastly, intraoperative work per unit of time varies greatly. Work per minute for invasive procedures is two to three times that of medical office visits and is strikingly greater for some specialties. The Resource-Based Relative Value Scale, at a minimum, represents a useful tool for payers to identify procedures with potentially aberrant charges and also offers unique insights into the nature of physicians' work. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2418-2424)
A study of the role of proteinorrhoea (protein-losing gastro-enteropathy) in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis
Authors: M. El-Sayed, M. E. Fikry
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This study does not demonstrate any proteinorrhoea (protein-losing gastroenteropathy) in the genesis of hypoalbuminaemia in patients suffering from portal hypertension due to schistosomal (bilharzial) hepatic fibrosis with and without ascites.
IMPORTANCE OF BEDSIDE INSTRUCTION IN THE TEACHING OF THERAPEUTICS
Authors: FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

There is, I believe, a gap between the instruction given in materia medica, pharmacology and therapeutics on the one hand, and the requirementsof medical practice on the other, which, were it filled, would assist in making therapeutics even more valuable than at present. Let me recall the detailed instruction given to students in the comparatively few things employed in the surgical treatment of patients. An example is afforded by the instruction in the use of splints and bandages. The students are not only taught in a general way how and why these are used, but apply them repeatedly, the work being done in small sections. Students should be trained in a similar manner in the medical treatment of patients. The power in the hands of the physician does not display itself so dramatically as that in the hands of the surgeon, but it is no less essential, and opportunities for
ON THE ALLEGED RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION FOR THE REINTRODUCTION OF THE RUM RATION INTO THE BRITISH ARMY
Authors: V. Horsley
Journal: BMJ (1915)

In conclusion,i we lhave to acknowledge tlhe kindl assistance given to the expedition by the chairman and secetary of the Sh1anghai Mnnicipal Council, the cordial lhelp and advice of the principal medical officer of h-ealtlh for Shlanglhai, and of I)rs.Moore and Noel Davis in the Health Laboratory.In our search for lhosts we w-ere greatly hielped by Drs.Aird, Skinner, Fujinaimi, Goddard, Jackson, and maniy otliers, to wvhom ouir grateftul thankis atIrc due.
Animal models can assist medicine in humans
Authors: A. R Michell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The debate about whether we can learn from animals is far more subtle than the rapid responses to Roberts et al's systematic review of fluid resuscitation after haemorrhage suggest. 1 2 It depends on the problem and on the species of the animal; the lessons of comparative medicine are most useful when the model has sufficient similarities to suggest its relevance and enough differences to make it informative. Blanket assertions that we cannot learn from animals are naive, …
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Periampullary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Michael Overman, Huamin Wang, Gauri R. Varadhachary
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P05.01 * OUTCOME OF THE PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS: SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: I. Abosoudah, T. Sumaili, M. Bayoumy, M. E. El Sayed, H. Altrabolsi, F. Yassin, B. Binsadiq
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PROPOSE: This is a retrospective study to review the outcome of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma (MBL) in the era of the modern therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical charts of 36 cases of pediatric medulloblastoma (≤ 15 years) diagnosed between January 2001 and December 2011 were reviewed as regard the initial presentation, surgical, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy treatment. Survival analysis was done to determine the prognosis. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was a 7 ± 3 year, 8% (3 patients) were under the age of 3 years, and 21 patients (58%) were boys while 15 patients (42%) were girls. Headache, vomiting and ataxia were the most common presentations reported in 92%, 86%, and 64% of the patients respectively. Nineteen patients (53%) presented with M0 disease, 1 patient (3%) with M2 and 16 patients (44%) with M3. Fifteen patients (42%) were in the average-risk group, while 21 (58%) were in the high-risk group. Total resection of the tumor was done in 16 patients (44%), near total resection in 5 patients (14%), partial resection (biopsy) in 15 patients (42%). Twenty nine (81%) patients received initial first line chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At a mean follow up of 39 ± 29 months, 11 patients relapse, 4 patient underwent 2nd salvage surgery, 9 patients received second line chemotherapy, 3 patients received salvage radiotherapy. Three patients underwent salvage stem cell transplant. The 3 and 5 years disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 68 % & 53 % and 71% & 65% respectively. The only significant factors for OS were the age (≤3 Vs. >3 years P 0.005) and treatment per MBL protocol (P 0.021). On the other hand, age was also the significant factor for DFS (P 0.043). CONCLUSION: In the modern era, the use of combined modality treatment approach including safe surgical resection, neuroaxis radiotherapy and chemotherapy become the standard of care for treatment of Medulloblastoma, In our series, the age and the use of chemotherapy protocol emerging as significant factors for OS. Patients under 3 years had poor DFS and OS.
Humoral immunosuppression in men exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related carcinogens in polluted environments.
Authors: A Szczeklik, J Szczeklik, Z Galuszka, J Musial, E Kolarzyk, D Targosz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We evaluated humoral immunity by measuring IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE concentrations in 274 male workers in an iron foundry in Cracow, Poland. There were two groups: 199 coke oven workers and 76 cold-rolling mill workers. The groups were similar with respect to age, length of work (average 15 years), and smoking habits. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), assessed by personal and area monitoring, ranged from 0.2 to 50 micrograms/m3 benzo[a]pyrene in coke plant workers and was of 3-5 magnitudes higher than in the cold-rolling mill employees. Comparison of the two groups revealed a marked depression of mean serum IgG and IgA in coke oven workers (p < 0.001, Student's unpaired t-test). In the same subjects, serum IgM had a tendency to decrease, whereas serum IgE showed a trend toward higher values. Thus, workers exposed chronically to complex mixtures of air pollutants, composed primarily of PAHs, develop immunosuppression. It remains to be established whether the immunosuppression described here is related to the frequent development of lung cancer reported in coke plant employees. Workers exposed chronically to PAHs should have serum immunoglobulins monitored regularly.