tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a complementary DNA fragment of hepatitis C virus in Taiwan revealed significant sequence variations compared with other isolates
Authors: Pei-Jer Chen, Meei-Hua Lin, Su-Jen Tu, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

To clone and characterize hepatitis C virus strains present in Taiwan, RNA was extracted from liver tissue collected from a patient during the acute phase of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. RNA was then subjected to complementary DNA synthesis and the polymerase chain reaction, using primers derived from the original nucleotide sequence of the United States hepatitis C virus strain. A complementary DNA clone, HCV-T3, containing 552 base pairs of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA sequences was isolated and characterized. The homologies in nucleotide sequence between the Taiwan isolate and either the United States or Japan isolate were 80.1% and 91.5%, respectively. However, most of the nucleotide changes occurred in the third base positions, resulting in much higher homologies in amino acid sequence of 91.8% and 97.3%, respectively. Amplification of the less conserved region of hepatitis C virus genome with the polymerase chain reaction was improved by use of primers with nucleotides matched to the local strain. Finally, in addition to the liver and serum, the viral genome was also demonstrated in the spleen tissue by similar methods, suggesting another possible target for hepatitis C viral infection. These findings indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in hepatitis C virus genomes isolated from different areas of the world. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:73-78.)
361 Cloned human natural killer cells contain serine proteases, carboxypeptidases, and proteoglycans in their secretory granules
Authors: M.M. Kamada, W.E. Serafin, J. Michon, J. Ritz, R.P. MacDermott, K.F. Austen, R.L. Stevens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
HRT increases risk of blood clots and stroke, finds new analysis
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) offers women no protection against having or dying from a myocardial infarction while increasing the risk of blood clots and stroke, a new analysis published by the Cochrane Collaboration has shown.1

But, complicating the message, a subgroup analysis of women who were given HRT below the age of 60 or within 10 years of the menopause did show a reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction and death from any cause while also showing an increased risk of blood clots and possibly stroke.

Many of the women in the 19 randomised control trials whose results were included were prescribed HRT quite late in life, at a time when the treatment’s proponents saw it as “an elixir of life” and …
Bone marrow granulomas associated with chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Chin-Yang Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Two patients with chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis (CNKL) and associated bone marrow granulomas (BMGs) are described. The increases in the peripheral blood of both the proportion (64 and 74%) and absolute number (2,000/μL and 4,700/μL) of NK cells have persisted for more than 1 and 3 years. One patient was asymptomatic with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, and the other presented with fever of unidentified origin, which has since responded to a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Bone marrow examination in both patients showed loose aggregates of epithelloid histiocytes similar to the noncaseating granulomas seen in other diseases. An unusual feature, however, was the presence of many scattered, large mononuclear histiocytes that were morphologically similar to atypical megakaryocytes. Extensive clinical and laboratory studies did not reveal an established cause for the BMGs. BMGs may be associated with CNKL, with the unusual feature of scattered, atypical mononuclear histiocytes. Am. J. Hematol. 54:258–262, 1997 © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of statins on cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: R. P. Young, R. J. Hopkins
Journal: Thorax (2010)

We read with interest the article by van Gestel et al 1 reporting a protective effect of statins on cancer mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and suggest here a plausible explanation.

Consistent with the literature, the study shows that COPD is associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer. Recently, we reported that COPD is pre-existing in 70% of lung cancer cases compared with 15% in unselected matched smokers.2 We agree with van Gestel et al 1 that this link is likely to be secondary to a …
Poland reforms its health system
Authors: S. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Poland is to adopt a controversial new system to finance health care from the start of 1999. Under the new system all employed people must contribute a tax deductible 7.5% of their gross salary to the healthcare system in one of 16 new administrative regions. Contributions for the unemployed will come from within the state budget.

In return, Poles will now have the right to choose a family doctor from …
TCT-680 Influence Of Preoperative Computed Tomography Image Analysis By A Dedicated Software On Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Buntaro Fujita, Smita R. Jategaonkar, Werner Scholtz, Jochen Boergermann, Dieter Horstkotte, Jan Gummert, Stephan Ensminger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Comprehensive analysis of the genome transcriptome and proteome landscapes of three tumor cell lines
Authors: Pelin Akan, Andrey Alexeyenko, Paul Igor Costea, Lilia Hedberg, Beata Werne Solnestam, Sverker Lundin, Jimmie Hällman, Emma Lundberg, Mathias Uhlén, Joakim Lundeberg
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

We here present a comparative genome, transcriptome and functional network analysis of three human cancer cell lines (A431, U251MG and U2OS), and investigate their relation to protein expression. Gene copy numbers significantly influenced corresponding transcript levels; their effect on protein levels was less pronounced. We focused on genes with altered mRNA and/or protein levels to identify those active in tumor maintenance. We provide comprehensive information for the three genomes and demonstrate the advantage of integrative analysis for identifying tumor-related genes amidst numerous background mutations by relating genomic variation to expression/protein abundance data and use gene networks to reveal implicated pathways.
Frequency-dependent electrophysiologic properties of ventricular repolarization in patients with congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Hidekazu Hirao, Wataru Shimizu, Takashi Kurita, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Katsuro Shimomura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract 1139: Ras association domain family protein 1, isoform C (RASSF1C) promotes breast tumor growth <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Mark E. Reeves, Robert J. Aragon, Mariana Alfakouri, Shin-Tai Chen, Yousef G. Amaar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer will kill more than 40,000 women in the United States this year, second in cancer deaths only to carcinoma of the lung. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecules and pathways that lead to breast cancer development is important because it could lead to specific therapies that interrupt these pathways. Recently, the Ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1) gene was identified as a Ras effector that plays an important role in carcinogenesis. The RASSF1 gene encodes two major isoforms, RASSF1A and RASSF1C, derived by alternative promoter selection and alternative mRNA splicing. While RASSF1A is extensively studied and is an established tumor suppressor, very little is known about RASSF1C function Our laboratory is interested in determining the role of RASSF1C in human cancer cell growth. We have previously shown that of RASSF1C promotes cell proliferation and migration and attenuates apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro. To confirm our hypothesis that RASSF1C may be a growth promoter, we have tested the growth of human breast cancer cells over-expressing RASSF1C in nude mice. Our preliminary studies show that breast cancer cells over-expressing RASSF1C developed significantly larger tumors compared to control cells. We have confirmed the expression of RASSF1C in tumor tissue using both RT-PCR and immune-staining analyses. Together, our previous in vitro and current in vivo findings further support our hypothesis that RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, is not a tumor suppressor and rather it appears to play a role in stimulating proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1139. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1139
Long-Term Cancer Risk Among Swedish Women With Cosmetic Breast Implants: An Update of a Nationwide Study
Authors: Joseph K. McLaughlin, Loren Lipworth, Jon P. Fryzek, Weimin Ye, Robert E. Tarone, Olof Nyren
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Epidemiologic evidence does not support a consistently increased cancer risk among women with cosmetic breast implants, but few studies have assessed risk beyond 15 years. Swedish women who underwent cosmetic breast implantation for the first time between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1993 (N = 3486), were followed through December 31, 2002. Cancer incidence was ascertained through the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare cancer incidence of women with implants with women in the general population. Mean follow-up among women with breast implants was 18.4 years (range = 0.1-37.8 years). The incidence of breast cancer was below expectation (SIR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.0), whereas lung cancer was above expectation (SIR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 3.4). With respect to cancer overall and all other specific cancer sites, including brain cancer and sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, no statistically significantly increased or decreased SIRs were observed. Stratification by duration of follow-up revealed no statistically significantly increased or decreased SIR, with the exception of a two- to threefold excess of lung cancer among women followed for more than 15 years, which would be expected due to the high prevalence of smoking among the Swedish women with implants in our study.
Hyperventilation and Respiratory Alkalosis as Signs of Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Daniel H. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Visible hyperventilation was observed clinically in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. Eleven patients with Gram-negative infections and either proved or probable bacteremias were therefore studied to see if hyperventilation might be a common response to such bacteremia. In every case there was laboratory evidence of hyperventilation, and in 8 cases the hyperventilation was visible to the observer. Since only patients were studied who had no other cause for increased ventilation, this appears to be a primary response to the bacteremia. In 9 of the 11 patients the admitting diagnosis was incorrect, usually because of absence of fever or leukocytosis. The correct diagnosis was made by the triad of altered sensorium, a source of Gram-negative infection, and either visible hyperventilation or laboratory evidence of respiratory alkalosis.
Enteral Feeding Improves Outcome and Protects against Glycerol-induced Acute Renal Failure in the Rat
Authors: PAMELA R. ROBERTS, KIMBERLY W. BLACK, GARY P. ZALOGA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Acute renal failure is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and frequently results from vasoconstrictive ischemic injury to the kidney. Protein and amino acids can vasodilate renal blood vessels. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that enteral feeding could prevent renal ischemic injury using an experimental model in which renal vasoconstriction is believed to cause ischemic renal injury. This study was performed using male Sprague-Dawley rats, and renal injury was induced by glycerol injection into the hind limbs. The resulting muscle necrosis (rhabdomyolysis) causes acute renal injury. In the first part of the study, 35 animals were randomized to a peptide-based enteral diet or water via a duodenal feeding tube and subsequently injected with glycerol. Seventy-eight percent (14 of 18) of the animals receiving the enteral diet survived 3 d compared with 35% (six of 17) of the water-fed animals (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (47+/-8 versus 137+/-27 mg/dl) and creatinine (0.8+/-0.1 versus 2.0+/-0.3 mg/dl) were significantly lower in the enteral survivors than in the water survivors. In the second part of the study, renal plasma flow (para-aminohippurate clearance) and glomerular filtration rate (insulin clearance) were measured in similarly treated animals (n = 14) 1 d after injury. Renal plasma flow (4.83+/-0.65 versus 2.37+/-0.62 ml/min) and glomerular filtration rate (2.05+/-0.27 versus 0.89+/-0.22 ml/min) were significantly higher in the enteral group than in the water group. These data indicate that enteral feeding can prolong survival and decrease renal injury after glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis. The mechanism for the protection is partly related to maintenance of renal blood flow.
Response to: ‘Cadmium the missing link between smoking and increased rheumatoid disease activity?’ by Cates and Hutchinson
Authors: Caroline Ospelt, Steffen Gay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Response to: 'Cadmium the missing link between smoking and increased rheumatoid disease activity?' by Cates and HutchinsonWe very much appreciate the interest of Drs Cates and Hutchinson 1 in our study and absolutely agree that analysing the role of cadmium sulfate in our system is of high interest.In addition to cadmium, we think that we also have to consider nicotine and the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by several different smoke constituents as inducers of heat shock proteins.Since this is beyond the scope of this paper and requires extensive new studies, we couldn't do any experiments in this direction yet, but certainly planned further experiments to elucidate which of the many components of cigarette smoke are responsible.
IL-7 mediates Ebf-1–dependent lineage restriction in early lymphoid progenitors
Authors: Panagiotis Tsapogas, Sasan Zandi, Josefine Åhsberg, Jenny Zetterblad, Eva Welinder, Jan Ingvar Jönsson, Robert Månsson, Hong Qian, Mikael Sigvardsson
Journal: Blood (2011)
EFFECTS OF NEOMYCIN AND PENICILLIN ADMINISTRATION ON MUCOSAL PROLIFERATION OF THE MOUSE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: Kenneth A. Khoury, Martin H. Floch, Teodoro Herskovic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The effects of an oral neomycin and penicillin regimen on intestinal bacteriology and on morphology and function of the small intestine of mice were investigated. Quantitative and qualitative stool cultures on selective media of the treated animals revealed only growth of yeast organisms. The treated animals developed enlargement of the ceca with fluid contents and watery stools, resembling characteristics of germfree animals. Radioautography with tritiated thymidine revealed an increased epithelial cell migration rate in the mice treated with the antibiotics for 3 to 5 wk. A slight increase in villus height was also noted. The treated male mice showed greater variance than the treated females in epithelial cell migration rates. Histochemical staining reactions showed a decrease in nonspecific esterase and in NADH dehydrogenase activity in the proximal gut of the antibiotic animals. Stains of distal gut and those for acid and alkaline phosphatase, NADPH dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, and succinic dehydrogenase were similar to the controls. A slight increase in sucrase activity and a slight decrease in lactase activity in the antibiotic animals was observed in contrast to control animals. Germfree mice, however, had greater sucrase and lactase activity. Transport of L-methionine was slightly reduced in the distal segment of the treated animals. Since the direction of these changes is away from the intestinal state observed in germfree animals, they are probably the result of the direct action of the antibiotics on the gut.
The Epidemiology of Type I Diabetes in Children 0–14 Yr of Age in Philadelphia
Authors: Terri H Lipman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To determine the epidemiology of type I diabetes in children in Philadelphia, particularly with respect to racial differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— This is a descriptive epidemiological study using a retrospective population-based registry in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a city with large white, black, and Hispanic populations. All hospitals in Philadelphia that admit children were identified. All charts meeting the following criteria were reviewed: 1) newly diagnosed IDDM, 2) 0–14 yr of age, 3) residing in Philadelphia at the time of diagnosis, and 4) diagnosed from 1 January 1985 to 31 December 1989. Standard IDDM registry data were abstracted from the charts. Ascertainment of the completeness of the hospital registry was validated by two secondary sources: 1) diabetes camp records, 2) Philadelphia School District data. RESULTS— A total of 215 cases were identified, and the combined hospital, camp, and school registry was determined to be 93% complete. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate in Philadelphia was 13.4/100,000/yr. The highest incidence rate was in Hispanics (15.16), followed by whites (13.31), and blacks (10.95). CONCLUSIONS— The incidence of IDDM in Philadelphia is similar to what has been found in other U.S. registries. The unexpected finding was that the incidence in the Puerto Rican Hispanic population was the highest in the city. This is the first data reported on this population, and more studies are needed to elucidate the genetic and environmental causes of this high incidence of IDDM.
Abstract 1595: Use of MDV3100 to establish androgen-receptor antagonist resistant LNCaP cells for modelling castrate-resistant progression
Authors: Hidetoshi Kuruma, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Amina Zoubeidi, Christian Thomas, Francois Lamoureux, Martin Gleave
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Even in castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the AR is active and drives progression. MDV3100 is a novel AR antagonist with demonstrated anti-tumour activity in preclinical models and patients with CRPC. To define its anti-cancer effects and features of its recurrent/resistant tumour, we assessed dose-dependent activity of MDV3100 in vivo, and set out to establish MDV3100 resistant cell lines and tumors to characterize its resistant phenotype. Methods. Androgen sensitive human prostate cancer LNCaP cells were inoculated into male athymic nude mice, and when tumour volume reached 150mm3 and serum PSA was 50ng/ml, mice were castrated. When serum PSA levels returned to pre-castrate level, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 1, 10 and 50mg/kg of MDV3100 and vehicle treatment groups. Tumour volume and serum PSA were followed weekly. MDV3100 recurrent tumours were harvested and re-cultured in vitro in the presence of MDV3100, or re-implanted into castrated male nude mice treated daily with 10mg/kg of MDV3100. Established cell lines were characterized for response of androgen and MDV3100, and AR and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expressions in vitro. Results. Serum PSA declined -60.8% at 2 weeks and -88.0% at 5 weeks from baseline in 10 and 50mg/kg of MDV3100, respectively. Vehicle and 1mg/kg of MDV3100 did not decrease serum PSA levels. Time to PSA progression from baseline was 6 and 12 weeks at 10 and 50mg/kg MDV3100, respectively. While high doses (50mg/kg) of MDV3100 resulted in the most anti-tumour effect, there were no complete responses and 90% of tumours eventually recurred within 10 weeks’ of treatment. Fifteen cell-lines derived from 7 animals in the high dose group and 3 cell-lines from the animal allografts have been generated to date. Eleven of 12 cell lines showed resistance against 10uM of MDV3100, as proliferation rates were suppressed by a mean of 19% (range, 64.4-98.9%) compared to 50.7% in parental LNCaP cells. Eleven of 12 lines expressed AR while two were PSA negative. Conclusions. While dose-dependent anti-tumour effects of MDV3100 was seen in castrate-resistant LNCaP tumors in vivo, all tumor eventually progressed. Generated MDV3100 resistant cell lines and xenografts were characterized as AR(+)/PSA(+), AR(+)/PSA(−), or AR(−)/PSA(−) and may be useful for modelling resistant phenotypes of MDV3100 in patients. Further characterization is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1595. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1595
Failure of antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent experimental reperfusion ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: M Naito, E L Michelson, J J Kmetzo, E Kaplinsky, L S Dreifus
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Ninety-nine adult mongrel dogs underwent acute ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Thirty minutes later, the occlusion was released to evaluate the effectiveness of five antiarrhythmic protocols in eliminating reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. The five protocols included: protocol 1 --i.v. lidocaine, preligation and prerelease (n = 19); protocol 2 -- i.v. lidocaine, prereperfusion only (n = 22); protocol 3 -- chronic, oral, daily amiodarone for 2 weeks preligation (n = 19); protocol 4 -- i.v. procainamide, preligation and prereperfusion (n = 21); and protocol 5 -- i.v. verapamil, prereperfusion (n = 18). Each regimen was evaluated with respect to the incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation in dogs that survived to reperfusion, and the results were compared to 77 control dogs that underwent identical coronary artery occlusion and release procedures without drug therapy. The incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation was as follows: protocol 1 -- seven of 15 dogs (47%); protocol 2 -- six of 18 (33%); protocol 3 -- 11 of 16 dogs (69%); protocol 4 -- eight of 17 dogs (47%); and protocol 5 -- 10 of 17 dogs (59%), compared with 36 of 60 (60%) in control dogs. Using chi-square analysis, protocol 2 was beneficial (p < 0.05). The dogs were then stratified into high- and low-risk subgroups based on the arrhythmic events of the antecedent coronary artery ligation periods, and predictive risk indexes for the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation were developed. the Mantel-Haenszel method of statistical analysis revealed that none of these protocols resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. Thus, use of these predictive indexes plus appropriate statistical methods has revealed, unexpectedly, limitations in the efficacy of a spectrum of antiarrhythmic agents in preventing reperfusion ventricular fibrillation.