tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Nasal and Bronchial Inflammation in Asthmatic and Control Subjects
Authors: PASCAL CHANEZ, ANTONIO M. VIGNOLA, PATRICE VIC, FRANCESCA GUDDO, GIOVANNI BONSIGNORE, PHILIPPE GODARD, JEAN BOUSQUET
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Although asthma and rhinitis often coexist, it is still unknown whether they are characterized by a similar inflammatory profile. We studied eosinophilic infiltration, epithelial shedding and reticular basement membrane thickness in nasal and bronchial biopsies of six control subjects, 15 untreated allergic asthmatics with perennial rhinitis, and six corticosteroid-dependent (CSD) asthmatics. In nasal and bronchial biopsies, eosinophils were greater in untreated asthmatics than in control subjects and CSD asthmatics (p = 0.001). In untreated asthmatics, eosinophils were higher in bronchial than in nasal biopsies (p = 0.002). In nasal and bronchial biopsies, reticular basement membrane thickness was greater in untreated and CSD asthmatics than in control subjects (nasal: p < 0.008 and p < 0. 004; bronchial: p < 0.001 and p < 0.008). In untreated and CSD asthmatics, reticular basement membrane thickness was greater in bronchial than in nasal biopsies (p = 0.001; Wilcoxon's W test). Nasal epithelium was not shed in all the study groups. In untreated asthmatics, bronchial epithelium shedding was greater than in control subjects or CSD asthmatics (p < 0.005), and it was greater than nasal epithelium shedding (p < 0.006). This study has shown that, although concomitant, the extent of eosinophilic inflammation of reticular basement membrane thickness and of the epithelium shedding is greater in bronchial than in nasal mucosa of asthmatic patients with perennial rhinitis.
Federal Agencies Poised to Help Improve Health Literacy in the United States
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular Reprogramming of Human Peripheral Blood Cells
Authors: Xiao-Bing Zhang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Breakthroughs in cell fate conversion have made it possible to generate large quantities of patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine. Due to multiple advantages of peripheral blood cells over fibroblasts from skin biopsy, the use of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) instead of skin fibroblasts will expedite reprogramming research and broaden the application of reprogramming technology. This review discusses current progress and challenges of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood MNCs and of in vitro and in vivo conversion of blood cells into cells of therapeutic value, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural cells and hepatocytes. An optimized design of lentiviral vectors is necessary to achieve high reprogramming efficiency of peripheral blood cells. More recently, non-integrating vectors such as Sendai virus and episomal vectors have been successfully employed in generating integration-free iPSCs and somatic stem cells.
Recurarization With Quinidine
Authors: Walter L. Way
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Drug interaction is commonly observed today because of the simultaneous use of many therapeutic agents. The following case report illustrates an important interaction occurring between two drugs which have been employed in human therapeutics for many years. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 71-year-old white man was scheduled for cholecystectomy. His present illness included a temperature of 102.2 F (39 C), tenderness and a mass in the right upper quadrant, and nonvisualization of the gallbladder by cholangiogram obtained with the aid of an intravenously injected contrast medium. History was important in that the patient had suffered a myocardial infarction ten years previously. Exertional dyspnea and precordial chest pain with rapid or uphill walking were noted thereafter. Three weeks prior to the present illness, the patient underwent surgical correction of an old fracture of the right hip. General anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, methoxyflurane, and gallamine triethiodide was administered with no operative
APPENDICITIS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE PHYSICIAN.
Authors: S. G. BONNEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

A sufficient apology for the introduction of so timeworn a subject is found in the startling prevalence of the condition and the unnecessarily high mortality rate. So long as the daily press continues to record frequent deaths from a disease which, at some period of its course, is recognized by the medical profession to be distinctly curable, so long will there remain a justification for its most thoughtful and oft-repeated consideration. Although obviously a surgical condition, the discussion of appendicitis in a body of physicians appears particularly appropriate. The position occupied by the physician concerning this affection frequently is equivocal, compromising and most unsatisfactory. Although not diectly involved in the later surgical management of the disease, he is compelled, nevertheless, to assume an obligation fraught with infinitely greater responsibilities than can possibly obtain with the surgeon. It so happens that in appendicitis, unlike most surgical conditions, it is the physician
Plasmapheresis in the treatment of steroid‐dependent bronchial asthma
Authors: I. Ellingsen, E. Florvaag, A. Henrik Andreassen, B. Magnus Iversen, Å. Irgens, R. Matre
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Can plasmapheresis improve disease severity and lung function and reduce steroid doses in severe asthma patients dependent on oral corticosteroids? Methods: A pilot study with four asthma patients was undertaken using PEF (peak expiratory flow) symptom score, number of puffs of β 2 ‐agonist, and dose of systemic steroids as disease variables. After at least an 8‐week run‐in, the patients were randomized to a crossover treatment regimen consisting of either 10 days of plasmapheresis or placebo treatment. Each treatment was succeeded by an 8–26‐week follow‐up period. Results: No patients achieved a significant effect of plasmapheresis treatment according to the established criteria, nor did anyone experience deterioration. Conclusions: Removing humoral factors extensively over a 10‐day period did not significantly influence the clinical condition of the four steroid‐dependent asthma patients studied. Circulating humoral factors seem to be of little importance for the maintenance of the established chronic allergic inflammation in these patients. Plasmapheresis does not seem to be a treatment option for this patient category.
1105. A Phase I Clinical Trial of an IL-12 Gene Plasmid Formulated with a Novel Lipopolymeric Gene Delivery System for Intraperitoneal Treatment of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ronald D. Alvarez, Mack N. Barnes, Connie McCombs, Sharmila Makhija, Jason Fewell, Danny H. Lewis, Kursheed Anwer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A phase I dose escalation clinical trial assessing the safety and tolerability of a novel IL-12 gene therapeutic (EGEN-001) following intraperitoneal administration in recurrent ovarian cancer patients is described. EGEN-001 is composed of a human IL-12 plasmid and a novel polymeric gene carrier of low molecular polyethylenimine covalently linked with functional groups of cholesterol and polyethyleneglycol. EGEN-001 is designed to produce safe and efficacious local concentrations of IL-12, a potent cytokine with strong anti-cancer properties that include activation of the innate and adaptive immune system against cancer and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Animal studies revealed that intraperitoneal EGEN-001 is well tolerated and has powerful anti-tumor activity against peritoneal disseminated ovarian cancer resulting in delayed ascites accumulation and significant prolongation of survival in a dose dependent manner. The manufacturing process of EGEN-001 was scaled up to produce clinical grade material of good storage stability at -20oC. A multi-center Phase I, open-label dose escalation study of intraperitoneal EGEN-001 in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer has initiated. The study is designed to include up to 18 patients with four dose escalating cohorts (0.6 mg/m2, 3 mg/m2, 12 mg/m2 and 24 mg/m2) each receiving a total of four weekly doses. The primary endpoint of this trial is safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints include CA-125 levels, IL-12 plasmid distribution, expression, and disease progression. To date, treatment at the lowest two cohorts has been well tolerated. There was no evidence of treatment related grade 3 or 4 toxicities from vital signs, physical examination, hematology, clinical chemistries, unrinalysis, ECG parameters or Chest X-Ray analyses. Of five patients evaluable for response, one had stable disease and all others had progressive disease. More study details will be available at the time of presentation. These data demonstrate that the IL-12 gene therapeutic has potential to offer safety and therapeutic benefits to ovarian cancer patients.
Synovial perfusion and synovial fluid solutes.
Authors: P A Simkin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

Household contacts of patients with group A meningococcal infection were vaccinated with either meningococcal vaccine or tetanus toxoid. Five of the 523 subjects who received tetanus toxoid developed meningococcal meningitis and another four probably had meningococcal disease. Only one possible case of meningococcal infection occurred among 520 contacts vaccinated with meningococcal vaccine. Vaccination had no effect on nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci. Vaccination of household contacts of patients with group A meningococcal infections is an effective way of using limited supplies of meningococcal vaccine, though its value would be limited in an epidemic. Secondary cases of meningococcal infection often occur within a few days of the index case, and, although vaccine alone seemed to provide adequate prophylaxis in these Nigerian subjects, additional chemoprophylaxis may be needed to cover this critical period.
Medical Legislation in the State of Missouri.
Authors: Chas. A. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof March 7 appears an item relative to medical legislation in the State of Missouri, to the effect that a bill was pending to compel all medical colleges in the State to adopt three courses of lectures as a condition for graduation. The bill was unanimously recommended for passage by the committees of both House and Senate. The House passed it by the gratifying vote of 85 ayes to 22 noes. The Senate voted against the bill. As the session closes in two days there is no time to work for reconsideration, hence this most necessary reform is defeated, to the shame of Missouri. What makes the fact all the more mortifying is the contemptible nature of the opposition, all of the colleges in the State (14 in number) but one—located in St. Louis—appearing in favor of the bill. The medical profession of the
An optical method of studying the shape and movement of the chest wall in recumbent patients.
Authors: M D Morgan, A R Gourlay, D M Denison
Journal: Thorax (1984)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Neck pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide and it accounts for high economic and societal burden. Altered activation of the neck muscles is a common musculoskeletal impairment presented by patients with neck pain. The craniocervical flexion test with pressure biofeedback unit has been widely used in clinical practice to assess function of deep neck flexor muscles. This systematic review will assess the measurement properties of the craniocervical flexion test for assessing deep cervical flexor muscles. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This is a protocol for a systematic review that will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus and Science Direct will be systematically searched from inception. Studies of any design that have investigated and reported at least one measurement property of the craniocervical flexion test for assessing the deep cervical flexor muscles will be included. All measurement properties will be considered as outcomes. Two reviewers will independently rate the risk of bias of individual studies using the updated COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments risk of bias checklist. A structured narrative synthesis will be used for data analysis. Quantitative findings for each measurement property will be summarised. The overall rating for a measurement property will be classified as ‘positive’, ‘indeterminate’ or ‘negative’. The overall rating will be accompanied with a level of evidence. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethical approval and patient consent are not required since this is a systematic review based on published studies. Findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42017062175.
Drug-induced acute liver failure: Results of a U.S. multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Adrian Reuben, David G. Koch, William M. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Acute liver failure (ALF) due to drug-induced liver injury (DILI), though uncommon, is a concern for both clinicians and patients. The Acute Liver Failure Study Group has prospectively collected cases of all forms of acute liver failure since 1998. We describe here cases of idiosyncratic DILI ALF enrolled during a 10.5-year period. Data were collected prospectively, using detailed case report forms, from 1198 subjects enrolled at 23 sites in the United States, all of which had transplant services. A total of 133 (11.1%) ALF subjects were deemed by expert opinion to have DILI; 81.1% were considered highly likely, 15.0% probable, and 3.8% possible. Subjects were mostly women (70.7%) and there was overrepresentation of minorities for unclear reasons. Over 60 individual agents were implicated, the most common were antimicrobials (46%). Transplant-free (3-week) survival was poor (27.1%), but with highly successful transplantation in 42.1%, overall survival was 66.2%. Transplant-free survival in DILI ALF is determined by the degree of liver dysfunction, specifically baseline levels of bilirubin, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores.DILI is an uncommon cause of ALF that evolves slowly, affects a disproportionate number of women and minorities, and shows infrequent spontaneous recovery, but transplantation affords excellent survival.
IDIOTYPIC SPECIFICITY OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES TO STREPTOCOCCAL GROUP POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Dietmar G. Braun, Andrew S. Kelus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Anti-idiotypic antisera against six restricted rabbit streptococcal group specific antibodies have been raised in rabbits matched for allotypes. All these antisera reacted specifically with their homologous idiotypes on double-diffusion tests in agarose gel. In addition, they showed a high incidence of cross-specificities with group-specific hyperimmune sera induced in both closely related and unrelated individuals. These precipitating cross-specificities could be explained for two systems by the interference of rheumatoid factor. Two idiotypic antibody systems have been analyzed in detail; these were restricted antibodies produced in a father and in one of his offspring. The methods employed included binding inhibition of radio-labeled homologous Fab fragments and hemagglutination inhibition with homologous idiotypic coat. The data demonstrated that only related rabbits produced, besides non-cross-reacting antibodies, idiotypically similar antibodies raised to the same antigen. About one-third of the cross-reactive idiotypes showed binding inhibition between 31 and 92%. Inhibition of binding above 50% in the paternal idiotypic system was only achieved by one offspring antibody whereas the F1 progeny idiotypic system was inhibited to this extent by seven antibodies of related rabbits. In contrast, 87.5% and 91.7% of antibodies of unrelated rabbits were less than 20% inhibitory. Within this study two idiotypically identical antibodies have not been found. This implies that A-variant-specific antibodies of related rabbits which produced antipolysaccharide antibodies were structurally different. Cross-reaction, even if greater than 90% by binding inhibition, appears to involve only part and not all of the variable regions.
Bacterial Endocarditis — A Changing Pattern
Authors: Marwan M. Uwaydah, Arnold N. Weinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IN recent years there have been changes in many of the factors which influence the development and outcome of bacterial endocarditis. These changes relate to both the susceptible host and the causative organism. Rheumatic fever, for example, appears to be declining in incidence and severity.1 , 2 More cases of bacterial endocarditis are being encountered in elderly persons with no history of valvular disease or murmurs.3 In addition, many more patients are being treated with corticosteroid hormones, immunosuppressive agents and extensive radiotherapy, all of which interfere with normal mechanisms of host resistance.4 , 5 The use of newly developed technics in cardiac surgery, such . . .
Systemic Allergic Reactions Due to Inhalation of Penicillin
Authors: Robert E. Reisman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In three patients, systemic allergic reactions developed following inhalation of small amounts of penicillin. In one case, the cause was clinically not readily apparent, and intradermal testing led to a severe systemic reaction. Reagin titers confirmed the high degree of penicillin sensitivity.
The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Represses Inflammation in a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α–Dependent Manner In Vitro and In Vivo in Mice
Authors: Gabriela Orasanu, Ouliana Ziouzenkova, Pallavi R. Devchand, Vedika Nehra, Osama Hamdy, Edward S. Horton, Jorge Plutzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Comparison between intracellular and extracellular direct current recordings of sinus node activity for evaluation of sinoatrial conduction time.
Authors: R Haberl, G Steinbeck, B Lüderitz
Journal: Circulation (1984)

For evaluation of sinoatrial conduction time in humans, study of extracellular direct current (DC) electrograms from the sinus node has been proposed. To validate this method, we compared transmembrane potentials from multiple sites (40 to 60, "mapping" of sinoatrial activation by microelectrode technique) and extracellular DC electrograms of the sinus node in 12 isolated rabbit atria. Sinoatrial conduction time, measured by microelectrodes and by extracellular electrograms, was essentially the same if the DC electrode was positioned over the pacemaker center (35 +/- 15 and 33 +/- 15 msec, respectively; deviation less or equal to 2 msec). While in all experiments phase 4 and phase 0 depolarization of dominant pacemaker fibers was reflected in the DC electrogram, it shape was influenced by pacemaker location and duration of sinoatrial impulse propagation. If sinoatrial conduction time was long (greater than 25 msec) the transition from the diastolic to the upstroke slope was smooth and the sinus node potential was clearly separated from atrial activity. If sinoatrial conduction time was short (less or equal to 25 msec) the onset of the upstroke slope was well defined and the upstroke slope directly merged into atrial activity. Extracellular recordings 0.2 mm away from the pacemaker center were fairly unchanged in shape; however, sinoatrial conduction time was significantly underestimated. Underestimation also occurred when the tip size of the extracellular electrode was increased from 0.2 to 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Thus sinus node activity is reflected in extracellular DC recordings; however, measurement of sinoatrial conduction time by this technique requires exact localization of the electrode over the pacemaker center, which cannot be controlled in humans.
Pentazocine as an Analgesic
Authors: Leo J. Cass, Willem S. Frederik, Jose V. Teodoro
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Pentazocine, a morphine antagonist derived from the benzomorphan nucleus, was studied by means of a double-blind clinical investigation in 16 patients having chronic pain. In a 40 mg dose pentazocine approaches the analgesic effectiveness of 20 mg of morphine sulfate and produces basically the same side effects except for a slight increase in the incidence and severity of drowsiness. At 20 mg dosage pentazocine produces a lower incidence of side effects than morphine sulfate 20 mg while still maintaining a fairly high level of pain relief over at least two hours. The discovery of analgesic activity in this drug is important since it is a morphine antagonist and has not yet been found to produce or support tolerance or dependence.
Role of distinct phospholipases A2 and their modulators in meconium aspiration syndrome in human neonates
Authors: Daniele De Luca, Angelo Minucci, Domenico Tripodi, Marco Piastra, Domenico Pietrini, Cecilia Zuppi, Giorgio Conti, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Ettore Capoluongo
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
A Life Worth Giving? The Threshold for Permissible Withdrawal of Life Support From Disabled Newborn Infants
Authors: Dominic James Wilkinson
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

When is it permissible to allow a newborn infant to die on the basis of their future quality of life? The prevailing official view is that treatment may be withdrawn only if the burdens in an infant's future life outweigh the benefits. In this paper I outline and defend an alternative view. On the Threshold View, treatment may be withdrawn from infants if their future well-being is below a threshold that is close to, but above the zero-point of well-being. I present four arguments in favor of the Threshold View, and identify and respond to several counterarguments. I conclude that it is justifiable in some circumstances for parents and doctors to decide to allow an infant to die even though the infant's life would be worth living. The Threshold View provides a justification for treatment decisions that is more consistent, more robust, and potentially more practical than the standard view.