tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
716-2 Myocardial Ischemia Induced by Mental Stress Predicts a Poorer Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wei Jiang, James A. Blumenthal, Steven E. McNulty, Michael W. Hanson, R. Edward Coleman, David J. Frid, Robert A. Waugh, James J. Morris, Christopher M. O’Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Use of Early Tumor Shrinkage to Predict Long-Term Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab
Authors: Hubert Piessevaux, Marc Buyse, Michael Schlichting, Eric Van Cutsem, Carsten Bokemeyer, Steffen Heeger, Sabine Tejpar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Early tumor shrinkage (ETS) is associated with long-term outcome in patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving cetuximab. This association was investigated in the first-line setting in the randomized CRYSTAL and OPUS mCRC trials, after controlling for KRAS tumor mutation status.Radiologic assessments at week 8 were used to calculate the relative change in the sum of the longest diameters of the target lesions. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics provided Cτ-indices (time-dependent c-index). Cox regression models and subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot analysis investigated associations between ETS (radiologic tumor size decrease at week 8) and survival and progression-free survival (PFS).In both trials, in patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC, Cτ values for PFS and survival were higher (P < .001) in those receiving chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, indicating a stronger predictive value of ETS for long-term outcome in these patients. In the CRYSTAL and OPUS trials, respectively, the cutoff value of ETS ≥ 20% (v < 20%) identified patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC receiving chemotherapy plus cetuximab with longer PFS (medians 14.1 v 7.3 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.32; P < .001, and medians 11.9 v 5.7 months, HR = 0.22; P < .001) and survival (medians 30.0 v 18.6 months, HR = 0.53; P < .001 and medians 26.0 v 15.7 months, HR = 0.43; P = .006).ETS was significantly associated with long-term outcome in patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC treated first-line with chemotherapy plus cetuximab. Validation in prospective trials is required to assess the value of this on-treatment marker in the clinical decision-making process.
Comminuted Fracture of the Distal Portion of the Femur
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Joseph S. Barr, Jr.: A 20-year-old white woman was brought to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital 30 minutes after being injured in a motorcycle accident. She reportedly suffered a direct blow to the right leg when the motorcycle on which she was a passenger was struck by a passing auto. There was no loss of consciousness. She had eaten a full meal about one hour before the accident. Her past medical history contributed no information of earlier illnesses. On physical examination she was alert and oriented. The heart, lungs, abdomen, central and peripheral nervous systems were normal. The right leg was resting in a Thomas splint. It was short, externally rotated, and angulated. There was marked swelling of the distal portion of the thigh, and it was tender to palpation. A 1-cm clean puncture wound was present on the medial aspect of the distal portion of
THE RENAL LESIONS OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
Authors: M. A. Holliday, R. W. Winters, L. G. Welt, Muriel MacDowell, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Potassium depletion in rats augments the specific renal lesions of phosphate loading. Since it has been shown that phosphate loading increases the specific cardiac lesions of potassium deficiency (12), it is concluded that the similar types of electrolyte imbalance (potassium depletion-phosphate load) act conversely in the two organs.
New Guidelines Expected in 1991 for Relationship of Continuing Education, Financial Support
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

CONFLICTS of interest between continuing medical education (CME) providers and the pharmaceutical industry have reached a critical point. But the good news is, these two groups are finally talking in an organized, meaningful way. How can CME programs enjoy the billions of dollars spent on marketing by the pharmaceutical industry (estimates range between $1.4 and $4.5 billion per year, or about $5000 per physician), and at the same time, preserve their autonomy, quality, and scientific integrity? This was the subject of a landmark 2-day working conference for CME providers and the pharmaceutical industry sponsored by the American Medical Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Society of Medical College Directors of Continuing Medical Education. Cosponsors were the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education. Of the 135 participants, more than half were representatives from 27 pharmaceutical companies. The goal: to reach
Incidence of cancer in relatives of children with retinoblastoma.
Authors: J Fedrick, J A Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Mean (± SEM) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of the diet-treated patients Cholesterol (mmol/l) Triglyceride (mmol/l) After Four After Four Before four weeks after Before four weeks after treat-weeks reverting treat-weeks reverting ment on to initial ment on to initial diet diet diet diet Type IIb patients* 8 3
Oral Rehydration Therapy for Viral Gastroenteritis-Reply
Authors: Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We certainly concur that ORT is an effective, safe, well-recognized, proven, and economical method of treating acute GE in infants and young children. It was not the purpose of my presentation to discuss in detail various methods of therapy. Rather, the goal was to present highlights of our research program on viral GE and to give an overview regarding its etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. The case presented was drawn from one of 72 hospitalized infants and young children included in a 1977 publication that described the clinical features of rotavirus GE.<sup>1</sup>The case was not intended to set a standard for therapy of viral GE, but was presented as an example of a patient with acute GE associated with rotavirus infection as determined by virologic and serologic assays. In the "Prophylaxis and Treatment" section of this Grand Rounds, we described the treatment as follows:
Abstract A07: Characterizing the specific oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of H3K27me3 epigenetic modulators in T cell leukemia
Authors: Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Aris Tsirigos, Thomas Trimarchi, Evangelia Loizou, Xu Luyao, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Bryan King, Grant Welstead, Charles Mullighan, Rudolf Jaenisch, Adolfo Ferrando, Iannis Aifantis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an immature hematopoietic malignancy driven mainly by oncogenic activation of NOTCH1 signaling. In a recently published work, we identified and characterized a tumor suppressor role for the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), that was underlined through the identification of loss-of-function mutations and deletions of members of the PRC2 complex in 25% of the patients with T cell leukemia. Further inhibition of PRC2 action in T cell leukemia comes through competition with master oncogenes, such as Notch1, for chromatin binding. Extending our work on the H3K27me3 mark, we now show that the activity of the corresponding H3K27me3 demethylases is also very important for the initiation, progression and maintenance of the disease. More specifically, transcriptional data analysis and exome sequencing of primary T-ALL samples demonstrates a significant correlation between levels and mutational status of these demethylases and major oncogenic pathways in leukemia. Functionally, genomic ablation of these epigenetic modulators as well as targeting with a specific-recently produced and characterized-inhibitor-GSKJ4, leads to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of T-ALL lines in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by major epigenetic and transcriptional changes at specific anti-apoptotic, oncogenic and metabolic genes. Furthermore, genetic ablation of these epigenetic modulators leads to slower initiation of the disease in a classic mouse model of leukemia with highly improved survival rates. In light of recent developments of novel epigenetic inhibitors against these molecules, these findings pave the way to specific pharmacological targeting of T cell leukemia. Citation Format: Panagiotis Ntziachristos, Aris Tsirigos, Thomas Trimarchi, Evangelia Loizou, Xu Luyao, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Bryan King, Grant Welstead, Charles Mullighan, Rudolf Jaenisch, Adolfo Ferrando, Iannis Aifantis. Characterizing the specific oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of H3K27me3 epigenetic modulators in T cell leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A07.
Scintigraphic Depiction of an Insulinoma by I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine
Authors: ONELIO GEATTI, BRAHM SHAPIRO, BRUNO BARILLARI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Scintigraphy with I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was effective in depicting a pancreatic insulinoma in a patient suffering from intermittent hypoglycemia. This observation widens the range of neuroendocrine tumors that take up to I-131 MIBG and supports the concept that many tumors of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylatlon system may be imaged in this way.
Methotrexate for Chronic Diseases in Adults
Authors: Michael E. Weinblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

More than 40 years after the initial report1 of a beneficial effect of aminopterin, the parent compound of methotrexate, in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, there is a resurgence of interest in the use of methotrexate in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this issue of the Journal, Feagan and colleagues report that in a 16-week double-blind trial, intramuscular methotrexate (25 mg once weekly) was more effective than placebo in improving symptoms and reducing requirements for prednisone in patients with chronically active Crohn's disease.2 A greater proportion of patients were in clinical remission in the methotrexate group (39.4 percent) than in the . . .
Acitretin in the treatment of lamellar ichthyosis
Authors: P.M. STEIJLEN, R.J. DOOREN-GREEBE, P.C.M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Etretinate and its metabolite acitretin have been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of various disorders of keratinization, including lamellar ichthyosis. The aim of the present study was to provide further information on acitretin dosage regimens in the management of lamellar ichthyosis. Seven patients with classical manifestations of lamellar ichthyosis participated in the study. Five patients improved markedly, and the remaining patients showed mild to moderate improvement. Two patients improved following gradual incremental increase in dosage (> or = 35 mg/day). Four patients, including a patient with the erythrodermic variant, required low-dose acitretin treatment (< or = 25 mg/day), as higher doses resulted in a marked deterioration in their skin condition. The dichotomy with respect to the response to acitretin suggests that lamellar ichthyosis is a spectrum of at least two conditions.
A piece of my mind. Last rounds
Authors: J. T. Martorano
Journal: JAMA (1989)

I cradle my father carefully in my arms. His chin rests against my right shoulder as the physician slips the long thoracentesis needle into his back, searching for the cause of his inability to swallow food. The physician's eyes evade mine. We are both 50 years old and between us have practiced medicine for a collective half-century. My father is a 78-year-old general practitioner. Half a century earlier he caught his father's leg during an amputation for diabetes. Together the three of us complete a century of medicine. Finally the bitter answer comes. Ironically, my father, who has spent a lifetime railing against cigarette smoking, is to die of a rare lung cancer. We settle down. Even as we tell him the brutal diagnosis, I learn that a doctor dies differently. My father's initial response is muted anguish, but quickly his professional pride takes over. "I knew I was right."
Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
Authors: J. Hill
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Confessions of an English Opium-Eater , an examination of the effects of opium on the mind, was written in 1821 by Thomas de Quincey, friend and contemporary of Coleridge, another famous opium user. It was far ahead of its time, as although opium was easily available and was a mainstay of every household medicine cupboard, there was no mainstream recognition of its psychoactive effects or its addictiveness. These truths had hitherto not been written about, perhaps explaining the book’s explosive popularity, which elevated de Quincey from obscurity to celebrity.

The book is divided into two sections, “The Pleasures of Opium” and “The Pains of Opium.” The first gives …
Cardiac Replacement: Current Status of Cardiac Transplants and Prostheses
Authors: Denton A. Cooley, Grady L. Hallman, Domingo Liotta, Robert D. Leachman, Bruno J. Messmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Twenty-one cardiac transplants were performed in 20 patients, including a second allografting in one case and a combined cardiopulmonary transplant in another. A two-stage approach to cardiac replacement was implemented, using an orthotopic total cardiac prosthesis in a patient whose heart failed after cardiopulmonary bypass. For 64 hr the pump supported circulation until a donor heart was secured for transplantation. Function of all allografts was satisfactory and permitted several patients to resume normal activity, but long-term survival was usually prevented by rejection, or infection, or both. Histocompatibility apparently influenced results. Six recipients lived 5 months or more, and one lived more than 16 months. None are alive today. Our experience suggests that successful application of cardiac transplantation is hindered by immunologic problems and the inadequate supply of donors. In cases where a patient's heart fails during open heart surgery and no donor heart is immediately available, a two-stage approach to cardiac replacement may be appropriate, using a mechanical device for temporary cardiac substitution.
Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Tzvi Dwolatzky
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Worldwide maternal mortality rate falls by 45% in 13 years
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of women dying in labour has nearly halved since 1990 but a lack of data is hampering efforts to reduce maternal mortality, a report from the World Health Organization has said.1

An estimated 289 000 women died in labour in 2013, a fall of 45% since 1990 when there were 523 000 deaths. Nearly a third of deaths occurred in just two countries: India, at 17% (50 000 deaths in 2013), and Nigeria, at 14% (40 000 deaths).

Most maternal deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa (62% of deaths or 179 000). Sierra Leone is estimated to have the highest maternal mortality rate in the world at 1100 deaths per 100 000 births, which is down from 2300 in 1990. Other countries …
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GLAUCOMA, ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
Authors: Georgia Siasou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marilita Moschos, Gerasimos Siasos, Elias Gialafos, Evaggelos Oikonomou, Aris Plastiras, Marina Zaromitidou, Konstantinos Zisimos, Aleksios Verveniotis, Charalampos Antoniades, Georgios Marinos, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes From an Institutional Series of Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas and Related Tumors
Authors: Kyle D. Holen, David S. Klimstra, Amanda Hummer, Mithat Gonen, Kevin Conlon, Murray Brennan, Leonard B. Saltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor of the exocrine pancreas. Clinical features such as prognostic information, survival, and treatment outcomes are unknown. We present the largest retrospective review to date.Thirty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed acinar neoplasms of the pancreas were identified between August 1981 and January 2001. Demographic data, tumor characteristics, and treatment information were obtained by chart review. Survival probabilities were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.The median survival for all patients was 19 months. On the basis of a univariate analysis, the patients' stage of disease correlated significantly with survival. The median survival of patients with localized disease was 38 months, versus 14 months for those presenting with metastases (P = 0.03). Patients who could be treated with surgery as first-line therapy had a longer survival time (36 months) compared with those who did not have surgery (14 months). Two of 18 patients who received chemotherapy and three of eight patients who received radiation had a major response.The survival curves suggest a more aggressive cancer than pancreatic endocrine neoplasms but one that is less aggressive than ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Those patients who present with localized disease have a much better prognosis than those who present with metastases. There is a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection, suggesting that micrometastases are present even in localized disease and that adjuvant therapies may be indicated. Chemotherapy and radiation afford disappointing results, however, and novel therapies are needed.
COMPLICATIONS THAT MAY ARISE DURING OR AFTER OPERATION FOR CORRECTION OF SEPTAL DEVIATION
Authors: G. W. MACKENZIE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

COCAIN OR EPINEPHRIN POISONING  With cocain the patient develops a paleness of the face, trembling of the extremities, and when most pronounced the patient faints; at the same time the pupils dilate slightly. Alcoholics develop loquacity and boastfulness, combined with fear. I have never observed any poisoning effect from cocain that I could truly classify as alarming. I find that if the patient is placed in a prone position and reassured the symptoms pass over promptly. Amyl nitrate is perhaps the best physiologic antidote.  Epinephrin produces a set of symptoms entirely different from those of cocain. The patient complains of a throbbing sensation in the whole body, but particularly in the head and chest. The face becomes cyanotic, the pulse rapid and of high tension. These symptoms pass over promptly as a rule.  Air embolism may occur from the injection of Schleich's solution, and I have seen it on two
Which deliveries require paediatricians in attendance?
Authors: R A Primhak, S M Herber, G Whincup, R D Milner
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The mode of delivery and one minute Apgar score were taken from the neonatal records of 2086 full term infants born at one obstetric unit over 12 months. There were 1554 spontaneous vaginal vertex deliveries, 26 vaginal breech deliveries, and 506 operative or instrumental deliveries. The obstetric records of the operative deliveries were reviewed to determine whether fetal distress had been an indication for intervention, and the obstetric records of the spontaneous vaginal vertex deliveries were also reviewed for fetal distress detected antenatally. When fetal distress was present antenatally in spontaneous vaginal vertex deliveries the frequency of a one minute Apgar score below 7 was 10.2%. In operative and instrumental deliveries where fetal distress was the indication for intervention the frequency of one a minute Apgar score below 7 was 15.6% after non-rotational forceps delivery, 13.9% after rotational forceps delivery, and 45.8% after caesarean section. In the absence of fetal distress the frequency of an Apgar score below 7 was 2.4% after spontaneous deliveries, 7.1% after non-rotational forceps delivery, 13.2% after caesarean section, and 18.4% after rotational forceps delivery. The presence of fetal distress considerably increased the frequency of an Apgar score below 7 in each category except rotational forceps deliveries. Paediatric services to an obstetric unit may be organised rationally in the light of local staffing conditions with the help of these findings.
Rugby union should ban contested scrums: Scrums are contested in junior rugby
Authors: Dylan M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Bourke's statement that contested scrums are not allowed in the under 19 game is incorrect.1 Scrums in schoolboy games are certainly contested. The differences from the senior game in terms of contesting are that the scrum cannot be wheeled more than 45° as opposed to 90°, and the scrum is not allowed to be pushed more than 1.5 m.2



Credit: DPP/REX …
INTESTINAL PARASITES: A SUGGESTION IN THE METHOD OF TREATMENT
Authors: Alexander H. Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Practically all textbooks and treatises dealing with the subject of ridding the intestinal tract of parasites stress the importance of fasting and purging the patient before administering the vermifuge. No reasons are given, usually, as the custom is universally observed, and the necessity taken for granted. The justification for the fasting and purging probably lies in the following ideas:   If the bowel contains food when the vermifuge is given, the mixture would render the drug inert, or even result in the production of a substance deleterious to the patient.  If the vermifuge were mixed with food it would be so diluted as to be rendered too weak to accomplish its purpose.  The food in the intestine might prevent entirely the contact of the drug with the head of the worm.   After seven years' experience among a people 90 per cent of whom have intestinal parasites, I question the validity of
Sins of omission and commission
Authors: Gerard O'Brien, Jon Opie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

O'Regan &amp; Noë (O&amp;N) fail to address adequately the two most historically important reasons for seeking to explain visual experience in terms of internal representations. They are silent about the apparently inferential nature of perception, and mistaken about the significance of the phenomenology accompanying dreams, hallucinations, and mental imagery.