tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complement-Dependent Tumor Cell Lysis Triggered by Combinations of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Michael Dechant, Wencke Weisner, Sven Berger, Matthias Peipp, Thomas Beyer, Tanja Schneider-Merck, Jeroen J. Lammerts van Bueren, Wim K. Bleeker, Paul W.H.I. Parren, Jan G.J. van de Winkel, Thomas Valerius
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have advanced the treatment of colon and head and neck cancer, and show great promise for the development of treatments for other solid cancers. Antibodies against EGFR have been shown to act via inhibition of receptor signaling and induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity. However, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, which is considered one of the most powerful cell killing mechanisms of antibodies, seems inactive for such antibodies. Here, we show a remarkable synergy for EGFR antibodies. Combinations of antibodies against EGFR were identified, which resulted in potent complement activation via the classic pathway and effective lysis of tumor cells. Studies on a large panel of antibodies indicated that the observed synergy is a general mechanism, which can be activated by combining human IgG1 antibodies recognizing different, nonoverlapping epitopes. Our findings show an unexpected quality of therapeutic EGFR antibodies, which may be exploited to develop novel and more effective treatments for solid cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):4998–5003]
Changes in blood gas tensions and functional residual capacity in chronic asthmatics treated with disodium cromoglycate
Authors: D. J. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Twenty chronic asthmatic subjects were treated with disodium cromoglycate in open trial. Although in the group as a whole spirometric findings improved, some patients showed a significant increase in arterial oxygen tension or a significant fall in functional residual capacity without any appreciable changes in spirometry. These changes may partly explain the clinical efficacy of this drug.
Observations on State Medicine in North Germany
Authors: H. W. Rumsey
Journal: BMJ (1867)

Tun following sketch of the system of state medicine established in the duchy of Nassau (recently in- vaded and annexed by Prussia) may interest those who are discussing projects of sanitary and me- dico-legal organsation in England.The original manuscript was kindly drawn up, at my request, by Dr. Giesse, the medical officer in chief of the district of Ems, a physician of great ability, and an excellent authority on the use of the principal German spas.I have given, correctly I hope, the substance of his report-much of it in his own words; but it seemed advisable to alter several expressions for the English reader.Some bracketed interpolations are my own.If the practical results of German state medicine do not appear to be always commensurate with the professed completeness of their arrangements, it is but reasonable to attribute any such shortcomings to two or three very probable sources of failure.In the first place, the salaries are absurdly low, and the fees for special duties utterly insufficient to remune- rate the officers, who are accordingly permitted, and indeed obliged, to engage in private practice, with obvious detriment to their public functions.The last clause in Dr. Giesse's statement affords an illustration of embarrassment continually arising out of the false position in which the officer finds himself when ceases in his own Practice become the subject of official inquiry.Again, too many therapeutic engagements and petty services are combinecd with the more important responsibilities-preventive, juridical, and supervi- sory-of these officers.The great variety and extreme diversity of the duties committed to a single officer, in a district too small for the higher functions, must interfere seri- ously, one woulc think, with thorough attention to each and all of these matters.It is probable that some division of official labour, in larger districts, might be found to work more beneficially.It would be easy for us to avoid these and other imperfections in the German polity, while we may derive many valuable suggestions from it, in devising a normal project for health officers and medical jurists in England.ABSTRACT OF Du.GisssE's RRPORT.I.-In all the states of Germany, physicians arc appointed and paid by the government to act as sanitary and judicial medical officers, who are per.maittod to make an income by private practice.1.At the head of the medical department of the state, there is placed a College (or Council) of Phy- sicians.*
Mind over matter?
Authors: Alastair C McKelvey, James C Dornan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Lucy and Dan (not their real names) were expecting their first baby in 1992, when Lucy was 26. Hypertension resulting from pregnancy meant that labour had to be induced at 37 weeks' gestation, and a girl of 2.8 kg was born by normal delivery. Twelve months later Lucy had another girl of the same weight by normal delivery. Twenty months later a boy saw first light. He weighed a bit more but still came normally. Nearly three years later Lucy was pregnant again. This time …
Association of serum hemolytic complement levels with the major histocompatibility complex in chickens.
Authors: T C Chanh, A A Benedict, H Abplanalp
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The total hemolytic complement (C) levels in inbred line 7 chicks and adults were lower than C levels in inbred lines 2 and 3 and in outbred chickens of the same age. In all birds, adult levels of C were obtained in 5- to 6-wk-old chickens. Analysis of F1 and F3 generations clearly showed that the C level in chickens was determined by a dominant gene(s) associated with the major histocompatibility complex. Finding this association in a nonmammal strengthens the importance of the relationship between closely linked genes controlling histocompatibility, immune responsiveness, mixed leukocyte reaction, and C activity.
Papilledema and Spinal Cord Tumor
Authors: Seyed F A Amlashi, Laurent Riffaud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Rennes University Hospital 35033 Rennes CEDEX, France 49-year-old man presented with a three-week history of pro gressive visual loss and headaches. Funduscopic examination revealed bilateral papilledema. Computed tomographic examination of the cerebrum showed a moderate-sized, communicating hydrocephalus. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from a lumbar puncture showed a high protein concentration (1632 mg per deciliter). On further questioning, the patient reported a one-year history of intermittent low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a tumor of the conus medullaris; a benign ependymoma was completely removed. Postoperatively, the patient’s headaches cleared spontaneously, and the findings on funduscopy and the visual acuity returned to normal within four weeks.
Bayesian Peak Picking for NMR Spectra
Authors: Yichen Cheng, Xin Gao, Faming Liang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Protein structure determination is a very important topic in structural genomics, which helps people to understand varieties of biological functions such as protein-protein interactions, protein–DNA interactions and so on. Nowadays, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has often been used to determine the three-dimensional structures of protein in vivo. This study aims to automate the peak picking step, the most important and tricky step in NMR structure determination. We propose to model the NMR spectrum by a mixture of bivariate Gaussian densities and use the stochastic approximation Monte Carlo algorithm as the computational tool to solve the problem. Under the Bayesian framework, the peak picking problem is casted as a variable selection problem. The proposed method can automatically distinguish true peaks from false ones without preprocessing the data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort in the literature that tackles the peak picking problem for NMR spectrum data using Bayesian method.
New insights into the epidemiology of childhood atopic dermatitis
Authors: C. Flohr, J. Mann
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract There is a growing desire to explain the worldwide rise in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis ( AD ). Trend data on the burden of AD suggest that the picture in the developing world may soon resemble that of wealthier nations, where AD affects over 20% of children. This, combined with significant variations in prevalence within countries, emphasizes the importance of environmental factors. Many hypotheses have been explored, from the modulation of immune priming by hygiene, gut microbiota diversity, and exposure to endotoxins through farm animals to the effects of pollution, climate, and diet. The discovery of the filaggrin skin barrier gene and its importance in AD development and severity has brought the focus on gene–environment interactions and the identification of environmental factors that impact on skin barrier function. This article reviews our current understanding of the epidemiology of AD , with an emphasis on the findings reported in the international literature over the last 5 years.
Absorption of Orally Administered Neomycin and Kanamycin
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin, Thomas C. Chalmers, Carroll M. Leevy, Susan C. Sebastyen, Charles S. Lieber, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ORDINARILY, only small amounts of neomycin and kanamycin are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.1 2 3 The concentrations of drug achieved in blood and urine, even after relatively large oral doses, are not sufficient for the treatment of systemic infection and have not in the past been associated with the toxic effects that occur during parenteral therapy. Oral preparations of these drugs are extensively used for intestinal antisepsis because of their wide spectrum of activity against many intestinal micro-organisms, their major areas of usefulness being in the preparation of the bowel for surgery and in the treatment and prophylaxis of hepatic coma. . . .
Endogenous beta-endorphins in hypertension: Correlation with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure
Authors: Luigina Guasti, Rossana Cattaneo, Aura Daneri, Lorenzo Bianchi, Giovanni Gaudio, Mario Bonora Regazzi, Anna Maria Grandi, Andrea Bertolini, Enrico Restelli, Achille Venco
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Waking governments up to their obligations
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What do human rights have to do with health? WHO adviser Helena Nygren-Krug tells Geoff Watts that if people are aware they have rights they can bring about improvements in health care 

Was ever there a speedier conversion? When I set off to meet Helena Nygren-Krug, now in her fourth year as the World Health Organization's adviser on health and human rights, I was sceptical about the value of linking the two issues of health and human rights. It was more a fashionable connection than a helpful one, I suspected. Half an hour later I'd more or less changed my mind.

Swedish by birth and Anglo-American by education, Nygren-Krug trained as a lawyer at the London School of Economics, did a master's degree in human rights, and then moved to Harvard to continue studying human rights law. Now aged 35, she has worked in the United Nation's Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights, and she also spent three years at the Carter Center in Atlanta, the human rights and healthcare charity founded by President Carter. “At the centre there was a move towards bringing the two [health and human rights] together,” she says. “It was in that context that my interest arose.”

Being married to a public …
Measurement of the Third Component of Complement Bound to Red Blood Cells in Patients with the Cold Agglutinin Syndrome
Authors: Gerald L. Logue, Wendell F. Rosse, Jon P. Gockerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The amount of the third component of complement (C3) bound to red cells of patients with the cold agglutinin syndrome was determined by a quantitative assay, measuring the fixation of the first component of complement by anti-C3. Abrupt reduction in the serum concentration of cold agglutinin by plasmapheresis markedly decreased the hemolytic rate, but the amount of C3 bound to circulating cells did not change appreciably. When this patient was transfused with normal cells. C3 accumulated on the transfused cells within 48 h to the level present on his own cells, but selective destruction of the transfused cells did not occur. When patients were subjected to acute cold stress, cell-bound C3 rose abruptly and intravascular hemolysis occurred. These studies suggest that most of the C3 detected on the circulating red cells of cold agglutinin patients is in an inactive form, and that the rate of attachment of C3 to the membrane is important in determining hemolysis.
UK proposes 15 year delay for 48 hour week for doctors
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A proposal by the British government that the European Union directive which limits working to 48 hours a week should not apply to junior doctors in the United Kingdom for another 15 years sparked a major political row last week.

At talks in Brussels, government officials proposed to the European Commission that the upper limit on hours worked by junior doctors in the United Kingdom should be 65 hours a week for the next eight years and 60 hours a week for …
A Case of Puerperal Convulsions Occurring in Connexion with Certain Premonitory Signs
Authors: N. B. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1844)

PUERPERAL CONV-ULSIONS.very irritable.All was proceeding well and without any difficulty, when she was seized with a severe convulsion almost at the close of labour.She was.immediately and freely bled, but had several more convulsions before labour was completed.She had stome flooding during the passage of the placenta, and appeared, from her blatnched countenance and reduced pulse, to have lost as much blood as she could well bear.The whole of her hair wvas cut off, cold wet cloths were applied to the head, and heat to the feet, and 'as the convulsions stil continued, eight leeches were.applied to the forehead, followed by an opiate.Pulse; 116, neither strong nor full.Calornel and powdered jalap, six grains of each, 'were given afterwards.Shi.remaiRed 'quiet for' §ome hours after the opiate, but towards morning she bad several' more convulsions9 * ing which he had bitten the tongue so severely, in spite of all endeavours to prevent it, that its swollern ptate became a hindrance both to deglUtition and arti.jculation.Turpentine enema-s were given, eight more leeches applied to the forehead, and sinapisms to tbh feet and epigastrium, but she sank during the afterj noon of that day, I thought, as nmuch from the effet of the swollen tongue on the breathing and deglution, as from-effusion oIn the brain.It is soriie*hat remark1 able that the motber of 'this young woman also died frori puerperal convdlsions.The' o'ur preceding cases, all occurring in thq 'nion House, out 'of a total of 59, or 1 in 15, I wal inIduced to send a letter of enquiry to the Provincial Medical' and Surgical Journal, to ascertain if such results had'occurrei& to the medical officers of Union flouss.,An answer' was returned by'Mr.Rose, of '|Swaftham, who had had a somewhat similar amount i4
Multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm. Evidence for multiple parasystolic activity.
Authors: N El-Sherif, P Samet
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Six patients whose standare electrocardiograms showed multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm were studied. All patients had advanced organic heart disease and a significant intraventricular conduction defect (left bundle branch block in five and right bundle branch block plus left anterior hemiblock in one). The ventricular arrhythmia was generally resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy. Five of the six patients died after 2 to 6 months form the period of observation from terminal heart failure. None died suddenly. The ventricular arrhythmia did not seem to be directly related to mortality in any patient. Critical analysis of several long rhythm strips in each case revealed that discharge from multiple ventricular parasytolic foci shared in the multiform ventricular activity. The concurrent discharge of a minimum of three parasytolic foci and a maximum of six foci was found in the same case with a total of 24 parasystolic foci in the six patients. There was a remarkable constancy of the QRS configuration of all parasytolic foci over periods of observation of up to 16 months. However, 22 out of 24 parasystolic rhythms showed significant variation in the apparent rhythm or the administration of drugs. Fourteen parasytolic foci showed evidence of exit block, some of which were exaples of a rapid parasystole with a high degree of exit block. The study suggests that multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm may, in part, be due to the concurrent discharge of multiple parasystolic foci.
Failure of Penicillin to Prevent Post-operative Chest Infection
Authors: E. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1957)

PRESENTING AS EPILEPSY Bnj.sH 803 was present and was probably actively expanding, fits occurred only when the serum calcium fell.It is of further interest that each of the two causal factors contributed recognizable features to the pattern of the attacks.Summary A case is described with a focal brain lesion and para- thyroid deficiency in which fits of the focal pattern expected from the brain lesion occurred only when the serum calcium was lowered.Our thanks are due to Mr.
Models and Mathematics
Authors: Julia T. Apter
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Scientific investigation is a particular search for a comprehensive view of nature; it is, in effect, a matter of proposing questions concerning phenomena and then searching for the answers in a systematic manner. An important aspect of this investigation, therefore, is the separation of the currently answerable from the unanswerable questions. The scientist must be able to discard those problems whose investigation would be abortive due to lack of background data. It may not be time, for example, to ask why electrons and photons act like particles as well as like waves and expect an answer; theoretical physics has not yet advanced this far. On the other hand, it is possible to ask whether a wave-like property could explain why a particle electron is restricted to certain orbits as it spins around the nucleus of an atom.<sup>1</sup>It may not be time to ask why retinal rods are shaped
Serum fibroblast growth factor–21 concentration is associated with residual renal function and insulin resistance in end-stage renal disease patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Seung Hyeok Han, Sung Hee Choi, Bong Jun Cho, Yenna Lee, Soo Lim, Young Joo Park, Min Kyung Moon, Hong Kyu Lee, Shin-Wook Kang, Dae Suk Han, Young-Bum Kim, Hak C. Jang, Kyong Soo Park
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Abstract 2596: Targeted delivery of doxorubicin conjugated with anti-matriptase antibody to treat multiple myeloma
Authors: Joseph R. Bertino, Siang-Yo Lin, Chen-Yong Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been significantly improved owing to the advances in new therapeutics for the patients in the past decade; however, the disease remains incurable. New or improved therapeutic agents are therefore urgently needed. Matriptase, a membrane-bound serine type II protease, is overexpressed in B- cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma and epithelial carcinomas. Due to the overexpression of matriptase in multiple myeloma in combination with the limited distribution of the enzyme in epithelial-containing tissues, we have designed and generated an anti-matriptase monoclonal antibody (M24) conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) for selectively targeting MM cells. The immunoconjugate (M24-DOX) is as potent as free doxorubicin to inhibit the growth of MM cells. Significantly, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells that do not express matriptase, were insensitive to the immunoconjugate, whereas free DOX showed cytotoxicity. More importantly, compared to free DOX, target delivery of doxorubicin by the matriptase antibody significantly reduced the toxicity toward cardiomyocytes that lack maptriptase expression. Following exposure of MM cells to M24-DOX, the immunoconjugate was rapidly internalized, and was mainly localized within nuclei. Moreover, after 24-hour incubation, over 90% of the free DOX was released from the conjugate within the cells. Targeting matriptase, expressed on myeloma cells, should increase the effectiveness and therapeutic index of doxorubicin and improve the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2596.
Buried bumper syndrome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents
Authors: H. Köhler, T. Lang, R. Behrens
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become the preferred method for enteral feeding in children with prolonged insufficient oral intake [1]. A complication of the PEG is the migration of the internal flange into the gastric or abdominal wall, referred to as "buried bumper syndrome" (BBS). The prevalence in adults is 2.0 % – 2.9 % [2] [3].
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants and Thyroid Hormone during Pregnancy
Authors: Jonathan Chevrier, Kim G. Harley, Asa Bradman, Myriam Gharbi, Andreas Sjödin, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants has increased exponentially over the last three decades. Animal and human studies suggest that PBDEs may disrupt thyroid function. Although thyroid hormone (TH) of maternal origin plays an essential role in normal fetal brain development, there is a paucity of human data regarding associations between exposure to PBDEs and maternal TH levels during pregnancy.Our goal was to determine whether PBDE serum concentrations are associated with TH levels in pregnant women.We measured the concentration of 10 PBDE congeners, free thyroxine (T4), total T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 270 pregnant women around the 27th week of gestation.Serum concentrations of individual PBDE congeners with detection frequencies > 50% (BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) and their sum (ΣPBDEs) were inversely associated with TSH levels. Decreases in TSH ranged between 10.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), -20.6 to 0.0] and 18.7% (95% CI, -29.2 to -4.5) for every 10-fold increase in the concentration of individual congeners. Odds of subclinical hyperthyroidism (low TSH but normal T4) were also significantly elevated in participants in the highest quartile of ΣPBDEs and BDEs 100 and 153 relative to those in the first quartile. Associations between PBDEs and free and total T4 were not statistically significant. Results were not substantially altered after the removal of outliers and were independent of the method used to adjust for blood lipid levels and to express ΣPBDEs.Results suggest that exposure to PBDEs is associated with lower TSH during pregnancy. Findings may have implications for maternal health and fetal development.
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in pediatric acute leukemia
Authors: A K Andersson, D W Miller, J A Lynch, A S Lemoff, Z Cai, S B Pounds, I Radtke, B Yan, J D Schuetz, J E Rubnitz, R C Ribeiro, S C Raimondi, J Zhang, C G Mullighan, S A Shurtleff, B A Schulman, J R Downing
Journal: Leukemia (2011)