tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Mental Health
Authors: Bruno Balke
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>"Mens sana in corpore sano</i>—aa healthy mind in a healthy body." Although this maxim, originated by the Roman poet Juvenal, has been around for almost 2000 years, modern science calls for proved facts. Therefore, a workshop was held in spring 1984 at the National Institutes of Health with the purpose of screening existing research evidence for the role of exercise as a means for treating or preventing mental or psychological disorders. The use of exercise in cardiac rehabilitation is well established by now. Experience with people engaged in such exercise programs gave the impression that regular physical activities also yielded positive changes in mental attitude and improved depressive states. Thus, it became natural to explore the idea that regular exercise habits might also have preventive effects on mental disorders. In the first chapters of this book, the detrimental impact of stress (anxiety, anger, frustrations, emotions, threat, etc) and of
Molecular profiling of stroma identifies osteopontin as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Laurent Sulpice, Michel Rayar, Mireille Desille, Bruno Turlin, Alain Fautrel, Eveline Boucher, Francisco Llamas-Gutierrez, Bernard Meunier, Karim Boudjema, Bruno Clément, Cédric Coulouarn
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common type of primary cancer in the liver. ICC is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic strategies. The identification of new drug targets and prognostic biomarkers is an important clinical challenge for ICC. The presence of an abundant stroma is a histological hallmark of ICC. Given the well-established role of the stromal compartment in the progression of cancer diseases, we hypothesized that relevant biomarkers could be identified by analyzing the stroma of ICC. By combining laser capture microdissection and gene expression profiling, we demonstrate that ICC stromal cells exhibit dramatic genomic changes. We identified a signature of 1,073 nonredundant genes that significantly discriminate the tumor stroma from nontumor fibrous tissue. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated that up-regulated genes in the stroma of ICC were related to cell cycle, extracellular matrix, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathways. Tissue microarray analysis using an independent cohort of 40 ICC patients validated at a protein level the increased expression of collagen 4A1/COL4A1, laminin gamma 2/LAMC2, osteopontin/SPP1, KIAA0101, and TGFβ2 genes in the stroma of ICC. Statistical analysis of clinical and pathological features demonstrated that the expression of osteopontin, TGFβ2, and laminin in the stroma of ICC was significantly correlated with overall patient survival. More important, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the stromal expression of osteopontin was an independent prognostic marker for overall and disease-free survival.The study identifies clinically relevant genomic alterations in the stroma of ICC, including candidate biomarkers for prognosis, supporting the idea that tumor stroma is an important factor for ICC onset and progression.
Dermal transfer of chlorpyrifos residues from residential surfaces: comparison of hand press, hand drag, wipe, and polyurethane foam roller measurements after broadcast and aerosol pesticide applications.
Authors: C Lu, R A Fenske
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Indoor residential pesticide applications present the potential for human exposures, particularly for small children. Personal contact with target and nontarget surfaces can result in transfer of pesticides to the skin, but the magnitude of such transfer is uncertain. This research compared surface sampling techniques [wipe and polyurethane foam (PUF) roller] with the removal ability of human skin following broadcast and total aerosol release applications of Dursban (Dow Elanco, Midland, MI), a residential formulation containing the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Hands were washed immediately after surface contact, following a protocol that included a laboratory-generated adjustment factor to account for incomplete removal of chlorpyrifos from skin. Chlorpyrifos transfer was similar for hand press and hand drag techniques, averaging approximately 1-6 ng/cm2 of carpet contacted. These amounts represented < 1% of the amount of chlorpyrifos deposited on the surfaces 3.5 hr earlier. Chlorpyrifos transfer from carpet to skin was 23-24 times lower than for wipe sampling and 33-36 times lower than for PUF roller sampling (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0006 for broadcast and aerosol applications, respectively). Hand press sampling removed approximately 4.5 times less chlorpyrifos from nontarget furniture surfaces (12 ng/cm2) than did wipe sampling (56 ng/cm2; p = 0.009). Chlorpyrifos residues on carpet were substantially higher after broadcast applications than after aerosol applications, but residues on such nontarget surfaces as furniture were substantially higher for the aerosol application. This study indicates that human skin removes substantially less residue from carpets and furniture than either conventional wipe or PUF roller sampling methods following residential pest control applications of chlorpyrifos. Although this paper focuses on quantifying residue transfer from surface to skin using different surface sampling techniques, no attempt is made to quantify the amount of chlorpyrifos residue that is subsequently absorbed.
SS. Cosmas and Damian. The patron saints of medicine in art
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The ideologic and philosophical approach to disease and cure underwent a tremendous change in the early centuries after the birth of Christ. The mythological figures were replaced by new ones; the priests and priestesses of the Aesculaepial cult were forgotten, and in their place came priests of the new religion. With the spread of Christianity, the practice of healing coincided with the ministry of the church. Deacons and priests were held in esteem, and the combined professions attracted some of the best intellects of that time. However, scientific medicine was centuries away, and experimental inquiry into the causes of disease seemed a useless and culpable undertaking. In curing diseases, one relied primarily on God's help.  The influence of monotheism in medicine became evident in the teachings of Galen, who was not influenced by Christianity but by the then popular Judaic monotheism. He combined Judaism with Aristotle's philosophy and applied teleologic
Targeting Immune Dysregulation in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Matthew J. Olnes
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a tendency to develop leukemia. In some patients, laboratory and clinical evidence supports a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of early MDS. Many younger patients who respond to immunosuppressive therapy with drugs such as antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine have clonal expansions of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that suppress normal hematopoiesis, as well as expansion of CD4(+) helper T-cell subsets that promote and sustain autoimmunity. Immunosuppressive therapy can produce hematologic responses in some patients and may improve survival and halt leukemic progression. In this report, we describe a 56-year-old woman who presented with fatigue and easy bruising, eventually became pancytopenic, and was diagnosed with MDS. After treatment with a clinical protocol using alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 antibody, her blood cell counts returned to normal and she has remained in complete remission for more than 2 years of follow-up. In this article, we review the pathobiology of immune dysregulation in MDS and summarize the role of immunosuppressive therapy in MDS.
Association Between Vaginal Douching and Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Pål Wølner-Hanssen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The vaginal douching habits of 100 consecutive municipal hospital patients with verified pelvic inflammatory disease (cases) were compared with those of 762 randomly selected controls (random controls) and 119 women thought to have pelvic inflammatory disease but in whom the diagnosis was not confirmed by laparoscopy and/or endometrial biopsy specimen (internal controls). Because patients had been symptomatic for no more than 3 weeks, current douching was arbitrarily defined as any douching during the previous 2 months. Current douching was more common among those with pelvic inflammatory disease than among random controls or internal controls. Among current douchers, pelvic inflammatory disease was significantly related to frequency of douching. For example, when cases were compared with random controls, those who douched three or more times per month were 3.6 times more likely than those who douched less than once per month to have confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease. A logistic regression model was used to adjust for demographic, behavioral, and other possible confounding variables. Even after adjustments, douching during the previous 2 months remained associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. These data suggest that among these women vaginal douching may be a risk factor for pelvic inflammatory disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1936-1941)
Efalizumab for Patients With Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Kenneth B. Gordon, Kim A. Papp, Tiffani K. Hamilton, Patricia A. Walicke, Wolfgang Dummer, Nicole Li, Brian W. Bresnahan, Alan Menter, None for the Efalizumab Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Because T-cell interactions are involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, therapy with a T-cell modulator may have beneficial effects on psoriasis severity and health-related quality of life (HRQL).To assess the efficacy and safety of efalizumab, a T-cell modulator, in patients with plaque psoriasis.Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial involving 556 adult patients with stable, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and conducted at 30 study centers in the United States and Canada between January and July 2002.Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive 12 weekly doses of subcutaneous efalizumab, 1 mg/kg (n = 369), or placebo equivalent (n = 187).At least 75% improvement on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI-75); improvement on the overall Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Itching Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Psoriasis Symptom Assessment (PSA) at week 12 vs baseline.Efalizumab-treated patients experienced significantly greater improvement on all end points than placebo-treated patients. Twenty-seven percent of efalizumab-treated patients achieved PASI-75 vs 4% of the placebo group ( P<.001). Efalizumab-treated patients exhibited significantly greater mean percentage improvement than placebo-treated patients on the overall DLQI (47% vs 14%; P<.001), Itching VAS (38% vs -0.2%; P<.001), and PSA frequency and severity subscales (48% vs 18% and 47% vs 17%, respectively; P<.001 for both) at the first assessment point. Efalizumab was safe and well tolerated, with primarily mild to moderate adverse events.In this 12-week study, efalizumab resulted in significant improvements in clinical end points, including physician-assessed and dermatology-specific patient-reported HRQL measures, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin in initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: A Leizorovicz, G Simonneau, H Decousus, J P Boissel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis for the reduction of recurrent thromboembolic events, death, extension of thrombus, and haemorrhages. <b>Design</b>: Meta-analysis of results from 16 randomised controlled clinical studies. <b>Subjects</b>: 2045 patients with established deep20venous thrombosis. <b>Intervention</b>: Treatment with low molecular weight heparins or unfractionated heparin. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Incidences of thromboembolic events (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both); major haemorrhages; total mortality; and extension of thrombus. <b>Results</b>: A significant reduction in the incidence20of thrombus extension (common odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.83; P=0.006) in favour of low molecular weight heparin was observed. Non-significant trends also in favour of the low molecular weight heparins were observed for the recurrence of thromboembolic events (0.66, 0.41 to 1.07; P=0.09), major haemorrhages (0.65, 0.36 to 1.16; P=0.15), and total mortality (0.72, 0.46 to 1.4; P=0.16). <b>Conclusions</b>: Low molecular weight heparins seem to have a higher benefit to risk ratio than unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thrombosis. These results, however, remain to be confirmed by using clinical outcomes in suitably powered clinical trials.
An Evaluation of the Influence of DL-Methionine Treatment on the Serum Lipids of Adult American Males
Authors: George V. Mann, Dana L. Farnsworth, Fredrick J. Stare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

STUDIES with monkeys have revealed that hypercholesterolemia and subsequent vascular lesions are produced in this primate species if the animals are given a diet deficient in the sulfur-containing amino acids cystine and methionine and at the same time receive large amounts of cholesterol in the diet.1 Also in this species, as well as in rats and mice, either dietary supplements of cystine or methionine or protein rich in these amino acids will largely prevent the anticipated hypercholesterolemia and will reverse the existing abnormality produced by such procedures.2 The data of dietary surveys done by two groups of workers indicate that . . .
Gertrude Stein Reads JAMA
Authors: Brenda Wineapple
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drugs in Cardiology
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<b>Advances In Drug Research</b>, vol 9, edited by Alma B. Simmonds, 142 pp, with illus, $12.25, New York, Academic Press, 1975. Emphasizing applied therapeutics more than fundamental pharmacology and pharmacodynamics, these volumes edited by Donoso consider common drugs affecting the rhythm, contractility, and perfusion of the heart, altering the blood lipoproteins, and regulating the blood pressure. Although many commonly used drugs are listed, including the frequently overlooked but dangerous effects of the mood-altering agents, one looks in vain for clonidine, xanthines, ephedrine, veratrum, and several other drugs in current use. Anticoagulant drugs will find consideration later among the<i>Current Cardiovascular Topics</i>along with consideration of platelets and thrombosis and a variety of other topics that will be determined by the editor "by the current informational needs in the field." Details of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion, fate, and molecular basis of action are scant, but clinical effectiveness, along with both the
Abstract 2938: A novel OX40 agonist licenses systemic anti-tumor immunity to overcome local immune suppression induced by well-established tumors
Authors: Angela D. Pardee, Alan L. Epstein, Walter J. Storkus
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Immune modulating reagents that trigger the T cell costimulatory molecules GITR and OX40 are being evaluated as anti-cancer agents in early-stage clinical trials. However, little pre-clinical information is available regarding the efficacy and mechanism(s) of action for these agents in the setting of advanced, well-established disease. To further characterize the molecular, cellular, and treatment-associated consequences of GITR and OX40 engagement, novel agonistic reagents directed against murine GITR and OX40 (ligand-Fc fusion proteins) were recently constructed and characterized in vitro. We now show that the growth of well-established, day 17 sarcomas is significantly inhibited or ablated by a short course of either treatment, with OX40L-Fc demonstrating superior anti-tumor efficacy over GITRL-Fc at comparable doses. Despite diminished frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) 3 days post-treatment, the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGFβ appears unaltered and effector T cell production of the Type-1 cytokine IFNγ remains low. Treatment with either GITR or OX40 agonists, however, induces a coordinate increase in CCR7+ dendritic cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN), followed approximately 7 days after treatment by profound expansion of effector T cells expressing the Type-1 chemokine receptor CXCR3. By day 10 post-treatment, particularly with the OX40 agonist, T cells displaying a recently-activated effector phenotype accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and secrete high levels of IFNγ. Collectively, these data suggests a model in which the first level effect of costimulatory treatment is to direct CCR7+ dendritic cells from the TME to the draining lymph nodes. A secondary, systemic response reflects the expansion of highly-reactive CXCR3+ Type-1 T cells in the TDLN and their subsequent trafficking into the TME. The therapeutic efficacy demonstrated in this model by OX40L-Fc, and to a lesser extent GITRL-Fc, strongly supports the translation of such modalities into human clinical trials, while the mechanistic insight gained from these studies suggests that successful immunotherapies will license both local, and perhaps more importantly, systemic Type-1 T cell immunity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2938.
834 THE PREVALENCE OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION DURING THE LAST 2009 TO 2010 YEARS IN JAPAN
Authors: Y. Eguchi, H. Hyogo, M. Ono, T. Mizuta, K. Fujimoto, K. Chayama, T. Saibara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Redefining Physicians' Role in Assisted Dying
Authors: Julian J.Z. Prokopetz, Lisa Soleymani Lehmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Interview with Dr. Lisa Lehmann on the physician's role in assisted dying for terminally ill patients. (16:20)Download Data from places with legal assisted dying have allayed concerns about potential abuses and patient safety, but a lingering challenge comes from the medical establishment. Creating a centralized mechanism for prescribing lethal medication could overcome this hurdle.
Comment on Evert et al. Nutrition Therapy Recommendations for the Management of Adults With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3821–3842
Authors: Mona Sigal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

I read the new nutrition therapy recommendations with great interest. However, I was disappointed that the position statement includes “low-carbohydrate” diets as an acceptable option for managing diabetes (1). Low-carbohydrate diets focus on eating foods higher in protein and fat (meat, poultry, fish, etc.) (Table 3 in ref. 1). These low-carbohydrate diets may produce short-term weight loss and glycemic control, but there is evidence of long-term elevated glucose levels and insulin resistance (2). No reference was made to the abundance of data on meat consumption and the associated risks to type 2 diabetes and obesity:
Remodeling and reparation of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Karl T. Weber, Piero Anversa, Paul W. Armstrong, Christian G. Brilla, John C. Burnett, John M. Cruickshank, Richard B. Devereux, Thomas D. Giles, Niels Korsgaard, Carl V. Leier, Frederick A.O. Mendelsohn, Wolfgang H. Motz, Michael J. Mulvany, Bodo E. Strauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Why clinicians are natural bayesians: Clinicians have to be bayesians
Authors: Robert McCrossin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Right to die" Legal view of right to life and death could threaten philosophy of palliative careEditor-Grayling claims that the "right to life" means quite a rich life; withholding treatment with death as the result and giving treatment that causes death are indistinguishable; and death is the ultimate analgesic. 1 Grayling also implies that the double effect is widely abused.The EC Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms protects against intentional deprivation of life. 2 Quality of life is not mentioned, and terminating a life at a person's request is clearly not permitted."Right to life" is perhaps a "right not to be killed," in medicine, generally relating to survival and not assisted death.However, some interpret it as giving patients a right to cardiopulmonary resuscitation regardless of the clinical circumstances 3 ; extrapolation to all potential interventions at the life-death interface could have disastrous consequences for the medical profession.Patients obviously can wish for their life to be terminated without needing to explain why, and they arguably have a right to attempt suicide.However, a right to assisted dying equates to a right that somebody else will kill or help to kill them on request-very different from withholding treatment or the double effect.Withholding treatment relates to interventions unable to produce the desired benefit. 4 In palliative care withholding treatment does not directly cause death that arises from an irreversible and unsustainable pathological burden.And death without adequate analgesia is possibly the ultimate pain for everyone.Judicious use of analgesia is an essential part of good terminal care, and, in 15 years as a doctor, I have yet to see a death attributable to deliberate analgesic overdose by a doctor.Palliative care affirms life until the moment of death, regarding death from advanced incurable disease as a natural process. 5 It aims to relieve pain and other distressing symptoms, enhance remaining quality of life, and neither hasten nor postpone death.These human "death rights" should perhaps be protected by legislation.Ill-conceived legislative changes that take the right to life or the right to death beyond sensible limits or give certain doctors the right to kill on request could jeopardise palliative care.