tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Introducing <i>CCR Focus</i>
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Clinical Cancer Research is committed to publishing innovative clinical translational research to accelerate the movement of new discoveries in the practice of medicine. CCR is especially interested in publishing clinical trials evaluating new treatments, research on molecular abnormalities that predict incidence, response to therapy, and outcome, and laboratory studies of new drugs and biological agents that will lead to clinical trials. CCR's audience includes scientists in academia, industry, and government research organizations, as well as highly trained practitioners, providing new insights into cancer biology and therapeutics as they emerge.CCR is pleased to announce a new feature that is designed to provide a scholarly, in-depth review of a particular area of translational research. This feature, CCR Focus, will be published periodically and cover various facets of a chosen topic. CCR Focus is meant to provide a review for individuals who are interested but not necessarily expert in a field, and to also stimulate new insights for those who are already working in this area. A guest editor will guide content and ensure timeliness and accuracy and will be selected for each installment of CCR Focus. These review articles, which may contain new data, will be analytical rather than a catalogue of published information. CCR Focus will also attempt to analyze the limitations in current methods or knowledge and thereby identify important areas needing further discovery or interpretation. The subject matter will have sufficient application to clinical oncology to appeal to the journal's readership.The first CCR Focus, “Predictive Preclinical Models of Human Cancer: Mouse Models Get Another Chance,” Dr. Cory Abate-Shen, Guest Editor, appears in this issue. “Inhibiting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Mutations, Misregulation, and More,” Dr. Rafael Rosell, Guest Editor, will appear in December. We look forward to bringing exciting topics to our readers in the months to come. We are happy to receive proposals for new features. Ideas for topics will be generated through the AACR meetings, as well as from interest expressed by the readership. Ideas can be submitted to http://www.aacr.org/.
Airplane Smoking Ban To Expire; Extension Debated
Authors: T. Hensley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Airplane Smoking Ban To Expire; Extension Debated Get access Tim Hensley Tim Hensley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 16, 16 August 1989, Pages 1213–1214, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.16.1213 Published: 16 August 1989
Dabigatran etexilate versus warfarin in management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation in UK context: quantitative benefit-harm and economic analyses
Authors: J. Pink, S. Lane, M. Pirmohamed, D. A. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the incremental net health benefits of dabigatran etexilate 110 mg and 150 mg twice daily and warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and to estimate the cost effectiveness of dabigatran in the United Kingdom. <b>Design</b> Quantitative benefit-harm and economic analyses using a discrete event simulation model to extrapolate the findings of the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) study to a lifetime horizon. <b>Setting</b> UK National Health Service. <b>Population</b> Cohorts of 50 000 simulated patients at moderate to high risk of stroke with a mean baseline CHADS<sub>2</sub> (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke/transient ischaemic attack) score of 2.1. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and incremental cost per QALY of dabigatran compared with warfarin. <b>Results</b> Compared with warfarin, low dose and high dose dabigatran were associated with positive incremental net benefits of 0.094 (95% central range −0.083 to 0.267) and 0.146 (−0.029 to 0.322) QALYs. Positive incremental net benefits resulted for high dose dabigatran in 94% of simulations versus warfarin and in 76% of those versus low dose dabigatran. In the economic analysis, high dose dabigatran dominated the low dose, had an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of £23 082 (€26 700; $35 800) per QALY gained versus warfarin, and was more cost effective in patients with a baseline CHADS<sub>2</sub> score of 3 or above. However, at centres that achieved good control of international normalised ratio, such as those in the UK, dabigatran 150 mg was not cost effective, at £42 386 per QALY gained. <b>Conclusions</b> This analysis supports regulatory decisions that dabigatran offers a positive benefit to harm ratio when compared with warfarin. However, no subgroup for which dabigatran 110 mg offered any clinical or economic advantage over 150 mg was identified. High dose dabigatran will be cost effective only forpatients at increased risk of stroke or for whom international normalised ratio is likely to be less well controlled.
Cough in Tetraplegic Subjects: An Active Process
Authors: Marc Estenne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the role of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major during cough in tetraplegic subjects. Patients: Eight patients with longstanding traumatic transection of the lower cervical cord. Methods: The electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major and abdominal external oblique muscles and the changes in the anteroposterior diameter of the lower rib cage, the upper rib cage, and the abdomen were measured during voluntary coughing efforts in the seated posture. Results: When coughing, all subjects showed a large amount of electrical activity in the pectoralis major with no activity in the external oblique. Simultaneously, they had a clear-cut decrease in the anteroposterior diameter of the upper rib cage together with an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the abdomen. In five subjects, the anteroposterior diameter of the lower rib cage also showed an initial increase. These changes were seen when cough was initiated at functional residual capacity or at a higher lung volume; they were also seen during a fit of coughing. Conclusions: In tetraplegic subjects the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major plays a major role during coughing. Its contraction causes a reduction in the size of the upper part of the rib cage and a rise in intrathoracic pressure; this pressure rise results secondarily in an outward (paradoxical) motion of the abdomen and the lower rib cage. Cough in tetraplegic subjects is thus an active, rather than a passive, process, and its effectiveness might be improved by a combination of specific muscle training and abdominal binding.
Looking at Genes
Authors: Henry M. Kronenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

WE usually diagnose genetic disorders, not by detecting abnormal genes, but by detecting the results of the abnormal genes' actions. Sickle-cell anemia, for example, is diagnosed by demonstrating aberrant properties of β-globin caused by the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 in the β-globin molecule. Since β-globin is made only in red-cell precursors, prenatal diagnosis of sickle-cell anemia by assaying the abnormal protein requires the demanding and potentially hazardous technique of fetoscopy or of placental aspirations. Whereas only fetal red-cell precursors make β-globin, all fetal cells — including easily accessible amniotic-fluid cells — contain β-globin genes. Thus, . . .
Authors' reply to Nussey
Authors: P. Arundel, S. F. Ahmed, J. Allgrove, N. J. Bishop, C. P. Burren, B. Jacobs, M. Z. Mughal, A. C. Offiah, N. J. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We read Professor Nussey’s response to our position statement with interest.1 2 We are not a committee but a current comprehensive group of clinicians who manage children with bone disease in the UK. Our opinions are based on our combined clinical experience of vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents across the UK. Our statement was a concise expression of our position rather than an exposition of the evidence. However, careful consideration of the extant literature underpins our statement (although we acknowledge the paucity of studies that examine clinical outcomes in …
Unpaid Expert Witnesses
Authors: Brendan Phibbs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Some physicians in the United States generate substantial incomes by testifying as expert witnesses in malpractice cases — frequently against other physicians. They hawk their wares in legal journals, offering their services to either side of any case. Conversations with knowledgeable lawyers suggest that these “expert” witnesses will, for a fee, testify to whatever the lawyer requests. My own response is to offer my services free of charge on any case in my field (cardiology). On request, I review the records and provide an objective review of the facts. If there has been medical negligence I advise . . .
Surgery of the Ear
Authors: Francis A. Sooy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This is the first revision, seven years after the initial publication of one of the world's outstanding texts on otologic surgery. The original format has been retained. This includes a historical introduction to each chapter followed by a carefully considered presentation of the subject matter, including excerpts from key papers, based on the author's extensive experience and contributions in the field. Dr. Shambaugh is uniquely qualified to develop such a text since his own extensive career in otologic surgery spans the pre- and post-antibiotic eras and the evolution of modern otologic surgery. Many chapters have been extensively revised to keep abreast of current developments in areas such as surgical treatment of endolymphatic hydrops, management of malignancies, tympanoplastic techniques, and labyrinthine fistulae. Two new chapters have been added, one on tomography of the temporal bone and the other on acoustic neuroma and tumors of the cerebellopontile angle. The text is extensively
Upregulation of the NNP-1 (novel nuclear protein-1, D21S2056E) gene in keloid tissue determined by cDNA microarray and in situ hybridization
Authors: G-Y. NA, S-K. SEO, S-J. LEE, D-W. KIM, M-K. KIM, J-C. KIM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Upregulation of the NNP‐1 (novel nuclear protein‐1, D21S2056E) gene in keloid tissue determined by cDNA microarray and in situ hybridization Get access G‐Y. NA, G‐Y. NA Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Gun Yoen Na. E‐mail: nagy@knu.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐K. SEO, S‐K. SEO Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S‐J. LEE, S‐J. LEE Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D‐W. KIM, D‐W. KIM Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐K. KIM, M‐K. KIM Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐C. KIM J‐C. KIM Departments of Dermatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok 2‐ga, Chung‐Gu, Daegu 700‐721, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 6, 1 December 2004, Pages 1143–1149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06284.x Published: 01 December 2004 Article history Accepted: 05 May 2004 Published: 01 December 2004
Oral Quinolone Treatment for Osteomyelitis
Authors: Henry M. Blumberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 November 1991Oral Quinolone Treatment for OsteomyelitisHenry M. Blumberg, MDHenry M. Blumberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-10-832 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In his editorial (1), Dr. Gentry asserts that oral antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones is as effective as parenteral therapy. Gentry did not, however, differentiate between the treatment of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) infections. Treatment of MRSA-related osteomyelitis using ciprofloxacin has yielded disappointing results (2). In fact, patients with MRSA-related osteomyelitis were excluded from a study comparing oral ciprofloxacin with parenteral therapy (3). Some patients receiving ciprofloxacin for staphylococcal (MRSA and MSSA) osteomyelitis as well as for skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and eradication of colonization have developed ciprofloxacin-resistant...References1. Gentry L. Oral antibiotic therapy for osteomyelitis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:986-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GreenbergKennedyReillyLuppenWeinandtBollinger RDPKWM. Treatment of bone, joint, and soft-tissue infections with oral cliprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987;31:151-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GentryRodriguez-Gomez LG. Oral ciprofloxacin compared with parenteral antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:40-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BlumbergRimlandCarrollTerryWachsmuth HDDPI. Rapid development of ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis. 1991;163:1279-85. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. OshitaHiramatsuYokaota YKT. A point mutation in norA gene is responsible for quinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990;172:6942-9. Google Scholar1. GentryRodriguez-Gomez LG. Oral ciprofloxacin compared with parenteral antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990;34:40-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. TrucksisHooperWolfson MDJ. Emerging resistance to fluoroquinolones in staphylococci: an alert editorial. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:424-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBacterial osteomyelitis in adults: Evolving considerations in diagnosis and treatment 15 November 1991Volume 115, Issue 10Page: 832-832KeywordsAntibioticsEndocarditisMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusOsteomyelitisSoft tissue infectionsStaphylococcal infection Issue Published: 15 November 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hysteria. Studies of diagnosis, outcome, and prevalence
Authors: Robert A. Woodruff, Paula J. Clayton, Samuel B. Guze
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The results of a number of recent studies of hysteria are summarized. There is evidence that hysteria, defined by objective criteria, is a syndrome distinct from other psychiatric syndromes, distinct from medical illness in which there are multiple complaints, and distinct from cases in which conversion symptoms occur in relative isolation. The central clinical feature of hysteria is an array of complaints spread throughout the sympton review. This concept of hysteria has been useful as an instrument of research; in addition, it serves as an important aid to the process of decision making for a group of patients whose management is difficult.
von Willebrand disease R1374C: Type 2A or 2M? A challenge to the revised classification. High frequency in the northwest of Spain (Galicia)
Authors: Norma Penas, Almudena Pérez‐Rodríguez, Jorge Horacio Torea, Esther Lourés, María Soledad Noya, María Fernanda López‐Fernández, Javier Batlle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Patients initially diagnosed with type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been reclassified as type 2 after a more exhaustive analysis in several studies. Our study's objectives were (1) to reanalyze patients that were previously diagnosed as type 1 to achieve a more accurate diagnosis and (2) to compare the von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor assay (VWF:RCo) and the VWF collagen binding assay (VWF:CB) in order to evaluate the possibility of replacing the former assay with the latter in the diagnosis of VWD. Twenty‐one patients from two large unrelated families and 104 normal controls were studied. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), bleeding time (BT), PFA 100 , and multimeric analysis of VWF were tested. Genetic analysis by sequencing exon 28 on the VWF gene was also carried out. Patients presented lower levels of VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo, a dissociation between VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag, and the presence of all sizes of multimers in plasma VWF. The results for VWF:CB varied depending on the type of collagen used. The genetic analysis showed that the mutation R1374C is responsible for type 2M VWD. A high frequency of the R1374C mutation is observed in northwestern Spain (Galicia). Some types of 2M VWD are misdiagnosed as type 1 VWD. The VWF:CB (with type I collagen) assay was unable to discriminate defective platelet binding of the R1374C VWF. This confirms that VWF:CB cannot substitute for VWF:RCo, and both should be tested when diagnosing VWD. Am. J. Hematol. 80:188–196, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P190 Contrasting Techniques for the Study of COPD Lung Micro-structure with X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography
Authors: RS Smith, AS Scott, IS Sinclair, JW Warner, PL Lackie
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a severely debilitating lung condition characterised by airway obstruction within the distal respiratory tree. Micro-CT imaging is a novel radiographic method that can generate a three-dimensional reconstruction of human lung micro-structure at resolutions approaching 1µm. This has revealed an obliteration of terminal bronchioles that may begin before patients have symptoms. A significant challenge when imaging wax-embedded COPD lung tissue is improving the contrast-to-noise for reasonable scan durations. The low contrast within the tissue can result in image analysis taking weeks to perform so addressing this issue is critical if micro-structure is to be studied in a more robust and less time-consuming fashion. <h3>Aims</h3> The study’s aim was to compare and quantify the effects of different contrasting techniques on the ability of micro-CT to visualise small airways &lt;2 mm in diameter and micro-vasculature in COPD human lung tissue. <h3>Methods</h3> Samples were obtained from formalin-fixed sub-pleural lung tissue resected from a patient with moderate COPD and were incubated in 0.1% phosphotungstic acid (PTA), 25% Lugol’s iodine, 1% silver nitrate or left unstained to act as a control. Post-incubation, samples were embedded in epoxy resin or paraffin wax and then imaged with a 225kV HMX CT scanner at Southampton University with an average voxel size of 7.6µm The data was then analysed in Image J and VGI StudioMax. <h3>Results</h3> Staining with 0.1% PTA and 25% Lugol’s iodine significantly improved x-ray contrast (p &lt; 0.01) with most intense staining occurring in the small airways and micro-vessels. Staining with 1% silver nitrate failed to improve contrast (p = 0.110). PTA staining enabled small airway and vascular occlusions to be three-dimensionally characterised, providing reliable quantification of the micro-structure. Fast and simple image segmentation taking 10 minutes was required to effectively map out most of the branching network of small airways and micro-vessels. Visualising micro-structure in uncontrasted control samples required complex image analysis which took four hours to complete. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PTA staining is a simple and effective technique at increasing x-ray contrast and reducing noise in COPD lung tissue. This greatly improves the level of visualisation of micro-structure in COPD tissue, providing more efficient and reliable analysis.
A Comparison of the Fructose and Ammonia Tolerance Test in Cirrhosis.
Authors: Donald O. Castell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968A Comparison of the Fructose and Ammonia Tolerance Test in Cirrhosis.Donald O. Castell, M.D. (Associate), Norman D. Grace, M.D., Martin H. Wenner, Thomas C. Chalmers, M.D., F.A.C.P.Donald O. Castell, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Norman D. Grace, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Martin H. WennerSearch for more papers by this author, Thomas C. Chalmers, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1146_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe abnormal oral ammonia (NH3) tolerance test has been shown to correlate well with the presence of collateral circulation and portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Like ammonium salts, ingested fructose is rapidly cleared from the portal blood by the liver, and elevated peripheral blood levels would be expected to occur with the development of portal systemic shunting. The usefulness of the NH3tolerance test is limited by difficulties in laboratory determination, the necessity for arterial puncture, and potential hazard to the patients. The following data support the fructose tolerance test as a useful and practical substitute for the NH3... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald O. Castell, M.D. (Associate); Norman D. Grace, M.D.; Martin H. Wenner; Thomas C. Chalmers, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1146-1146KeywordsAmmoniaBloodCirrhosisFructosesLiverPortal hypertensionResearch laboratoriesSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
European Institute of Oncology Inaugurated in Milan
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article European Institute of Oncology Inaugurated in Milan Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 11, 1 June 1994, Page 827, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.11.827 Published: 01 June 1994