tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dealing With Alleged Fraud in Medical Research
Authors: Lawrence D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Scientific inquiry is self-correcting; fabricated or erroneous data are exposed when their irreproducibility or inconsistency with established observations is discovered. Nevertheless, medical research misconduct and instances of alleged fraud in research cannot be dismissed simply as aberrations. The medical community cannot be content with detecting their occurrence; research misconduct should be prevented. Philip Majerus, MD, president of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, added a useful perspective to this problem in his recent presidential address to the society.<sup>1</sup>He examined the role of medical journals, national agencies, and individual clinical investigators and laboratories in preventing and in responding to alleged research fraud. Dr Majerus argued that medical journals, since they lack an investigative arm, have a limited capacity to deal with potentially fraudulent research. Still, a useful process of scientific scrutiny does take place in peer review. Review may reveal possible inconsistencies or suspicious aspects of a report that
Ovalbumin and Ovomucoid IgE/IgG4 Epitopes in Patients Ingesting Baked Egg Products by Peptide Microarray Immunoassay
Authors: G. Gimenez, J.C. Caubet, S. Leonard, J. Lin, Z. Fu, L. Bardina, H.A. Sampson, A. Nowak-Wegrzyn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
The Problem of Nausea and Vomiting in Modem Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: J. R. Durant
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1984)

surgery and the â€oe¿ burns and scarsâ€• of ir radiation.These promotions invariably imply that chemotherapy is completely ineffective.Honest physicians outraged by the cal lous exploitation of this picture and the unbelievable claims of the quack often overlook the real importance of the prob lem.It is time for the medical profession to take the problem of nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy seriously.This article suggests appropriate steps for dealing with this problem. Long-Term vs Short-Term Effects of ChemotherapyFirst, we must recognize that the beneficial long-term effects of our chemotherapeutic programs, which sometimes cure and even more frequently produce effective pallia tion with consequent prolongation of use ful life, do not necessarily outweigh the deleterious short-term side effects of nau sea and vomiting in the mind of the patient.A year's adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, for instance, may produce almost constant nausea punctuated by periodic bouts of vomiting in a patient who is not certain that the program is necessary for her or that it will work.Greater under standing of this dilemma and less opera tional philosophy dominated by a desire for patients to get their priorities straight is a useful start.
Chronic Meningococcal Septicaemia
Authors: A. M. Stewart-Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1936)

UrCAL )OU itZIA_ tents are removed, and it will be found that the abdominal distension gradually decreases.As a rule the patient will be found to tolerate the indwelling duodenal tube very well; nevertheless I prescribe as a routine 1/6 grain morphine six-hourly.
Carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in rats: Influence of the acute effects of the toxin on glucose metabolism
Authors: F MION
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In animal models, conflicting results on the effect of cirrhosis on glucose metabolism have been reported. The use of various toxins as well as differences in experimental protocols may be responsible for these controversial data. However, differences may be also be explained by the fact that glucose metabolism has been evaluated following different time intervals after cessation of the toxic injury. Therefore, we have performed intravenous glucose tolerance tests, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps (at 2,6, and 30 mU/kg/min insulin infusion rates), and determination of peripheral tissue glucose metabolic index (by [3H]2-deoxy-glucose injection) in rats treated for 10 weeks with carbon tetrachloride, either 3 days (acute group) or 2 weeks (delayed group) after the last CCl4 dose was administered. Cirrhosis was confirmed by liver histological analysis, and by a 22% (P <.05) decrease in 13C-aminopyrine demethylation. In the acute group, whole-body glucose disposal was decreased at the highest insulin infusion rate only (19.7 ± 1.2 vs. 23.4 ± 1.2 mg/kg/min in controls, P <.05). In contrast, results of the delayed group were not different from controls at any insulin infusion rate. Peripheral tissue glucose metabolic index was significantly decreased in all muscles tested in the acute group compared with controls. A significant decrease of glucose utilization was found in some but not all muscles in the delayed group but was less pronounced than in the acute group. In conclusion, this study showed than insulin sensitivity in cirrhotic rats is time-dependent with regard to the last CCl4 administration. These results must be taken into account when using this experimental model of liver cirrhosis.
SOME PERSONAL RELICS OF ROBERT WILLAN.*
Authors: H. D. HALDIN-DAVIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1933)

Journal Article SOME PERSONAL RELICS OF ROBERT WILLAN. Get access H. D. HALDIN‐DAVIS, M.D., F.R.C.P. H. D. HALDIN‐DAVIS, M.D., F.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 45, Issue 10, 1 October 1933, Pages 406–411, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1933.tb10111.x Published: 01 October 1933
Effect of preventive ( blocker) treatment, behavioural migraine management, or their combination on outcomes of optimised acute treatment in frequent migraine: randomised controlled trial
Authors: K. A. Holroyd, C. K. Cottrell, F. J. O'Donnell, G. E. Cordingley, J. B. Drew, B. W. Carlson, L. Himawan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if the addition of preventive drug treatment (β blocker), brief behavioural migraine management, or their combination improves the outcome of optimised acute treatment in the management of frequent migraine. <b>Design</b> Randomised placebo controlled trial over 16 months from July 2001 to November 2005. <b>Setting</b> Two outpatient sites in Ohio, USA. <b>Participants</b> 232 adults (mean age 38 years; 79% female) with diagnosis of migraine with or without aura according to International Headache Society classification of headache disorders criteria, who recorded at least three migraines with disability per 30 days (mean 5.5 migraines/30 days), during an optimised run-in of acute treatment. <b>Interventions</b> Addition of one of four preventive treatments to optimised acute treatment: β blocker (n=53), matched placebo (n=55), behavioural migraine management plus placebo (n=55), or behavioural migraine management plus β blocker (n=69). <b>Main outcome measure</b> The primary outcome was change in migraines/30 days; secondary outcomes included change in migraine days/30 days and change in migraine specific quality of life scores. <b>Results</b> Mixed model analysis showed statistically significant (P≤0.05) differences in outcomes among the four added treatments for both the primary outcome (migraines/30 days) and the two secondary outcomes (change in migraine days/30 days and change in migraine specific quality of life scores). The addition of combined β blocker and behavioural migraine management (−3.3 migraines/30 days, 95% confidence interval −3.2 to −3.5), but not the addition of β blocker alone (−2.1 migraines/30 days, −1.9 to −2.2) or behavioural migraine management alone (−2.2 migraines migraines/30 days, −2.0 to −2.4), improved outcomes compared with optimised acute treatment alone (−2.1 migraines/30 days, −1.9 to −2.2). For a clinically significant (≥50% reduction) in migraines/30 days, the number needed to treat for optimised acute treatment plus combined β blocker and behavioural migraine management was 3.1 compared with optimised acute treatment alone, 2.6 compared with optimised acute treatment plus β blocker, and 3.1 compared with optimised acute treatment plus behavioural migraine management. Results were consistent for the two secondary outcomes, and at both month 10 (the primary endpoint) and month 16. <b>Conclusion</b> The addition of combined β blocker plus behavioural migraine management, but not the addition of β blocker alone or behavioural migraine management alone, improved outcomes of optimised acute treatment. Combined β blocker treatment and behavioural migraine management may improve outcomes in the treatment of frequent migraine. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00910689.
Bloodstream infections in adults: Importance of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: J. Vallés, E. Calbo, E. Anoro, D. Fontanals, M. Xercavins, E. Espejo, G. Serrate, N. Freixas, M.A. Morera, B. Font, F. Bella, F. Segura, J. Garau
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CEBUS CAPUCINA (THE SOUTH AMERICAN RINGTAIL MONKEY) AND CERCOPITHECUS CEPHUS (THE AFRICAN MUSTACHE MONKEY) TO POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Joseph L. Melnick, John R. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. The South American ringtail monkey, Cebus capucina, has been infected with the virus of poliomyelitis as found in ultracentrifuged concentrates from poliomyelitic human stools. 2. This species was also found susceptible to poliomyelitis virus found in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cords, representing early generations of virus derived from two different human sources and from flies trapped in an epidemic area. 3. The Hartford strain of poliomyelitis has been successfully established in different generations in Cebus capucina monkeys. 4. The African mustache monkey, Cerocopithecus cephus, has been infected with poliomyelitis virus by the intra- and subcutaneous routes as readily as the green African monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus, and the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta.
Experience with Scig Infusion in Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies: From Clinical Trials to Real-World Practice
Authors: Emily Carne, Zoya Panahloo, Gillian Potter, Nicola Salome-Bentley, Christine Symons, Jane Gilliam, Sarita Workman, Sophie Barber, Katrin Morris, Tariq El-Shanawany, Stephen Jolles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Cardiac output distribution in the chick embryo from stage 36 to 45
Authors: Twan L.M. Mulder, Jolanda C. van Golde, Frits W. Prinzen, Carlos E. Blanco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The distribution of cardiac output to different organs is well described in the mammalian fetus. Chick embryos are not often used in perinatal cardiovascular research and therefore it is not known whether they can serve as an animal model for this purpose. In this study we documented cardiac output distribution in chick embryos at increasing incubation time.Fertilized eggs from day 10 to 19 with an incubation time of 21 days were studied in 3 increasing incubation time groups (10-13, 14-16 and 17-19 days). For the experiment, the egg was placed in a holder in an incubator. The egg was opened at the air cell and a small vein of the chorioallantoic membrane was catheterized. Twenty thousand fluorescent 15 microns microspheres in 0.2 ml were injected. After 5 min, the embryo was sacrificed and the different organs were dissected and digested for microsphere isolation and subsequent fluorescence analysis.The chorioallantoic membrane, which is the placenta equivalent of the chick embryo, received a relatively large fraction of the combined cardiac output: 52.08% (interquartile range [IQR] 12.67%) on days 10-13 and 40.95% (IQR 27.24%) on days 17-19. Relatively small fractions were distributed: to the heart 2.03% (IQR 1.58) on days 10-13 and 3.18% (IQR 1.95) on days 17-19, and to the brain 3.20% (IQR 1.80) on days 10-13 and 5.02% (IQR 3.39) on days 17-19. As incubation time advanced, the fraction of the combined cardiac output to the chorioallantoic membrane and yolk-sac decreased significantly in favor of the heart and brain.This distribution shows great similarity to the one found in the mammalian fetus. The chick embryo is an attractive model for perinatal cardiovascular research.
Ash (<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>)‐pollen allergy in central Europe:specific role of pollen panallergens and the major allergen of ash pollen, Fra e 1
Authors: W. Hemmer, M. Focke, F. Wantke, M. Götz, R. Jarisch, S. Jäger, M. Götz
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The role of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) pollen as a cause of spring pollinosis in central Europe has received little attention. It is not clear whether ash pollen is a primary cause of sensitization or whether it is implicated through cross-sensitization to other pollens.Over a 22-month period, ash pollen was included in a screening series for inhalant allergies. Pollen data were documented from 1976 through 1999. The frequency of IgE-binding to the ash-specific allergen Fra e 1 and pollen panallergens, respectively, was compared by Western blot between mono- (n = 6), oligo- (n = 16), and polysensitized (n=25) patients.Of 5,416 consecutive patients sensitized to any pollen, 920 (17.6%) had a positive skin prick test to ash. Total pollen counts varied extensively between years (229-5,351) as did peak concentrations (23-837 grains/m3/24 h). Western blotting revealed Fra e 1 sensitization in 100% of monosensitized, 93% of oligosensitized, but only 44% of polysensitized patients. IgE against profilins (Fra e 2), Ca-binding proteins (Fra e 3), and carbohydrate epitopes in the three groups was found in 0/0/17%, 0/19/31%, and 32/72/60%, respectively. At least 50% of sera from patients with Fra e 1 sensitization did not bind with the protein in Western blots under reducing conditions.Ash pollen should be considered a relevant factor and distinct entity in spring pollinosis. In all, only 20% of positive skin tests to ash appear to result from cross-sensitization to pollen panallergens.
Health Care for Homeless Persons
Authors: Bruce D. Levy, James J. O'Connell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

We met him in the winter of 1996, when he had severe frostbite in both feet. Forty-eight years old and homeless, he had been living in shelters and on the streets since his early 20s. Saddled with a severe anxiety disorder that could be quieted only by sufficient alcohol, he was known in every emergency department in the city, with frequent medical complications, more than 50 admissions to detoxification units, and only two extended periods of sobriety during the past decade. During the months after we met him, the first and second toes of his left foot autoamputated, horrifying both . . .
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor on oral mucositis induced by intensive chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kyung Im Kim, Ji‐Won Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Byung‐Su Kim, Soo‐Mee Bang, Inho Kim, Jung Mi Oh, Sung‐Soo Yoon, Jong Seok Lee, Seonyang Park, Byoung Kook Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common and debilitating complications in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) oral spray for OM induced by intensive chemotherapy followed by HSCT. Patients were randomly assigned to either the rhEGF group or placebo group. The severity of OM and self‐reported quality of life (QOL) were assessed daily. A total of 58 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The incidence of NCI grade ≥2 OM was higher in the rhEGF group (78.6% vs. 50%, P = 0.0496). However, the duration of OM in patients with NCI grade ≥2 tended to be shorter in the rhEGF group (8.5 days vs. 14.5 days, P = 0.262). The QOL analysis in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade ≥3 OM showed that rhEGF significantly reduced limitations in swallowing ( P = 0.039) and drinking ( P = 0.042). The duration of hospitalization ( P = 0.047), administration of total parenteral nutrition ( P = 0.012), and the usage of opioid analgesics ( P = 0.018) were significantly shorter in the rhEGF group with WHO grade ≥3 OM. Adverse events were mild and similar between the two groups. In conclusion, this analysis showed that rhEGF did not reduce the incidence of NCI grade ≥2 OM. However, the patients with WHO grade ≥3 OM in the rhEGF group showed better results compared to the placebo group for several secondary endpoints. Am. J. Hematol. 88:107–112, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unintentional Carbon Monoxide—Related Deaths in the United States, 1979 Through 1988
Authors: Nathaniel Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To describe the epidemiology of recent unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in the United States.Descriptive analysis of carbon monoxide-related deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1988, based on death certificate reports compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics.All US deaths, 1979 through 1988.We reviewed data from 56,133 death certificates that contained codes implicating carbon monoxide as a contributing cause of death. Of these, 25,889 were suicides, 210 were homicides, 15,523 were associated with severe burns or house fires, and 11,547 were classified as unintentional. The number of unintentional deaths decreased steadily by about 63 deaths per year, from 1513 in 1979 to 878 in 1988. The highest death rates occurred in winter and among males, blacks, the elderly, and residents of northern states. Motor vehicle exhaust gas caused 6552 (57%) of the unintentional deaths; 5432 (83%) of these were associated with stationary automobiles.The rate of unintentional death from carbon monoxide poisoning is decreasing. This may be attributable to improvements in automobile pollution control systems and improved safety of cooking and heating appliances. Prevention programs should target young drivers, males, and the elderly.
Intravenous Acyclovir to Treat Mucocutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection After Marrow Transplantation
Authors: JAMES C. WADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Acyclovir, a new antiviral agent, was compared to a placebo in a randomized double-blind trial of treatment for culture-proven herpes simplex virus infection after marrow transplantation. Patients received either intravenous acyclovir at 750 mg/m2 body surface area per day or a placebo for 7 days. Thirteen of 17 patients given acyclovir had a beneficial response as compared with two of 17 given the placebo (p less than 0.01). The duration of positive cultures was shorter among acyclovir recipients (3 versus 17 days, p less than 0.00005). Also shorter were the median days to resolution of pain (10 versus 16 days, p = 0.03), to crusting of lesions (7 versus 14 days, p = 0.01), and to total healing (14 versus 28 days, p = 0.03). No acyclovir toxicity was observed. Recurrent infection was common. Acyclovir provided significant antiviral and clinical efficacy without toxicity in highly immunosuppressed patients but had no effect on virus latency.
Group R Streptococcus Infections In Man
Authors: Beate Perch, E. Kjems
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Group R streptococci were reported in 1963 by de Moor.<sup>1</sup>Such streptococci were isolated from infections in pigs and piglets. The initial stage of the infection was bacteremia, followed by septicemic complications. In 1968, the first report on streptococci of group R causing infection in man appeared. Two cases of meningitis and one fatal case of sepsis were reported.<sup>2</sup>Evidence was offered which substantiated that the streptococci isolated from these cases were serologically and biochemically identical with a reference strain isolated from a pig.<sup>2</sup>One of the human strains occurred in the a-form, the other produced a soluble hemolysin. Since then, so far as we know, no reports of group R streptococci causing infections in man have appeared. Therefore, we find it relevant to present a case of meningitis caused by such an organism.<sup>3</sup> The new strain (L.J./69) produced a soluble hemolysin and
Depressive Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Bernice Ruo, John S. Rumsfeld, Mark A. Hlatky, Haiying Liu, Warren S. Browner, Mary A. Whooley
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Little is known regarding the extent to which patient-reported health status, including symptom burden, physical limitation, and quality of life, is determined by psychosocial vs physiological factors among patients with chronic disease.To compare the contributions of depressive symptoms and measures of cardiac function to the health status of patients with coronary artery disease.Cross-sectional study of 1024 adults with stable coronary artery disease recruited from outpatient clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area between September 2000 and December 2002. Main Measures Measurement of depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ); assessment of cardiac function by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction on echocardiography, exercise capacity on treadmill testing, and ischemia on stress echocardiography; and measurement of a range of health status outcomes, including symptom burden, physical limitation, and quality of life, using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Participants were also asked to rate their overall health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.Of the 1024 participants, 201 (20%) had depressive symptoms (PHQ score > or =10). Participants with depressive symptoms were more likely than those without depressive symptoms to report at least mild symptom burden (60% vs 33%; P<.001), mild physical limitation (73% vs 40%; P<.001), mildly diminished quality of life (67% vs 31%; P<.001), and fair or poor overall health (66% vs 30%; P<.001). In multivariate analyses adjusting for measures of cardiac function and other patient characteristics, depressive symptoms were strongly associated with greater symptom burden (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.7; P =.002), greater physical limitation (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.1-4.6; P<.001), worse quality of life (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.2-4.6; P<.001), and worse overall health (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9; P<.001). Although decreased exercise capacity was associated with worse health status, left ventricular ejection fraction and ischemia were not.Among patients with coronary disease, depressive symptoms are strongly associated with patient-reported health status, including symptom burden, physical limitation, quality of life, and overall health. Conversely, 2 traditional measures of cardiac function-ejection fraction and ischemia-are not. Efforts to improve health status should include assessment and treatment of depressive symptoms.
COMPARISON OF PROCEDURE OUTCOME BY THE VOLUME OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: JAPANESE MULTICENTER REGISTRY WITH TWO YEARS DATA
Authors: Maoto Habara, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Atsunori Okamura, Makoto Muto, Masahisa Yamane, Akitsugu Oida, Yuji Oikawa, Satoru Otsuji, Ryohei Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)