tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fractal Geometry of Airway Remodeling in Human Asthma
Authors: Stacey R. Boser, Hannah Park, Steven F. Perry, Margaret G. Ménache, Francis H. Y. Green
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Airway wall remodeling is an important aspect of asthma. It has proven difficult to assess quantitatively as it involves changes in several components of the airway wall.To develop a simple method for quantifying the overall severity of airway wall remodeling in asthmatic airways using fractal geometry.Negative-pressure silicone rubber casts of lungs were made using autopsy material from three groups: fatal asthma, nonfatal asthma, and nonasthma control. All subjects were lifelong nonsmokers. A fractal dimension was calculated on two-dimensional digital images of each cast.Nonasthma control casts had smooth walls and dichotomous branching patterns with nontapering segments. Asthmatic casts showed many abnormalities, including airway truncation from mucous plugs, longitudinal ridges, and horizontal corrugations corresponding to elastic bundles and smooth muscle hypertrophy, respectively, and surface projections associated with ectatic mucous gland ducts. Fractal dimensions were calculated from digitized images using an information method. The average fractal dimensions of the airways of both the fatal asthma (1.72) and nonfatal asthma (1.76) groups were significantly (p<0.01 and p=0.032, respectively) lower than that of the nonasthma control group (1.83). The lower fractal dimension of asthmatic airways correlated with a decreased overall structural complexity and pathologic severity of disease.Fractal analysis is a simple and useful technique for quantifying the chronic structural changes of airway remodeling in asthma.
Control of Renin Secretion
Authors: SANDFORD L. SKINNER, JAMES W. MCCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Renin secretion was found to be controlled by a renal baroreceptor rather than by ischemia. Development of a sensitive assay technique that detects renin in small quantities of renal venous and peripheral arterial plasma has permitted the demonstration that the rate of renin secretion varies inversely with the level of arterial pressure independently of renal blood flow. When mean renal perfusion pressure was reduced 5 to 40 mm Hg by a constricting band around the aorta above the level of the renal arteries, increased renin secretion commenced within 60 seeonds. Reductions of this magnitude did not necessarily cause mean perfusion pressure to fall below control levels of diastolic perfusion pressure. Rises in perfusion pressure had the reverse effect, reducing the rate of renin secretion again without measurable change in renal blood flow. Compression of the kidney within an oncometer by an applied forece of from 15 to 40 mm Hg also caused increases in the rate of renin secretion in the absence of change in total renal blood flow. Reduction of pulse pressure alone did not provoke secretion of renin, nor did reduced oxygen tension, or renal ischemia. Rise in perfusion pressure due to occlusion of the common carotid arteries was associated with reduction in the rate of renin secretion. A small amount of renin was secreted continuously under the conditions of these experiments; physiologic changes in mean perfusion pressure served to alter the rate. This suggests that a renal baroreceptor mechanism regulates renin secretion under normal circumstances and that arterial pressure tends to stabilize at a level at which renin secretion is minimal.
A Little Confidence
Authors: Alain Le
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

On Being a Doctor2 August 2005A Little ConfidenceAlain Le, BSAlain Le, BSFrom Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It was the second day of medical school and already we were headed up to the wards to confront our first real patients. With a shaking hand and a similar shake in my voice, I introduced myself as a first-year student. Sitting down in the chair beside my patient, I asked, “So, what brings you to the hospital today?” My inquisition steadily grew as more questions came pouring forth.“How long has this been bothering you?“Is there anything you do that makes the pain better?“How has this illness affected your quality of life?”Five minutes flew by in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157.Current Author Address: Alain Le, BS, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Student Box #2900, Winston-Salem, NC 27157; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 August 2005Volume 143, Issue 3Page: 234KeywordsHemorrhageHypoxiaQuality of lifeSweat ePublished: 2 August 2005 Issue Published: 2 August 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mary Margaret Anderson
Authors: Alasdair Fraser, Anne Rodway
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Lewisham University Hospital, London (b 1932; q Edinburgh 1956; FRCOG, CBE), died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 17 February 2006.



Figure 1



Mary was the first woman to be senior registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology at St Mary's Hospital. She chaired many committees for her hospital, the regional health authority, the Department of Health, and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. She was on the council of the Medical Defence Union and the scientific committee of the National Birthday Trust. She was vice president of the royal college in 1989 and made CBE in 1996.
RECURRENT THIOPERAZINE-INDUCED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL REACTION FOLLOWING PLACEBO SUBSTITUTION FOR MAINTENANCE ANTIPARKINSON DRUG
Authors: WILLIAM MANDEL, BESSIE CLAFFEY, LESTER H. MARGOLIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A placebo was abruptly substituted for maintenance antiparkinson drug in 20 patients who had previously shown evidence of a thioperazine-induced extrapyramidal reaction. Within 20 days of this controlled study extrapyramidal reactions reappeared in 16 patients (80%). The recurrence rate of phenothiazine-induced extrapyramidal reactions following withdrawal of maintenance antiparkinson drug will vary with different situations and their incidence can only be determined by clinical trial.
Work and Age: Statistical Considerations
Authors: W. P. D. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To develop European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. <h3>Methods:</h3> An expert group (10 rheumatologists, 3 nephrologists, 2 immunolgists, 2 internists representing 8 European countries and the USA, a clinical epidemiologist and a representative from a drug regulatory agency) identified 10 topics for a systematic literature search through a modified Delphi technique. In accordance with standardised EULAR operating procedures, recommendations were derived for the management of large vessel vasculitis. In the absence of evidence, recommendations were formulated on the basis of a consensus opinion. <h3>Results:</h3> Seven recommendations were made relating to the assessment, investigation and treatment of patients with large vessel vasculitis. The strength of recommendations was restricted by the low level of evidence and EULAR standardised operating procedures. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> On the basis of evidence and expert consensus, management recommendations for large vessel vasculitis have been formulated and are commended for use in everyday clinical practice.
A fifth of people with HIV are unaware they are infected, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The number of people infected with HIV in the United Kingdom is approaching 100 000 and more than a fifth remain unaware of their infection, Public Health England estimates in a new report.1

It puts the total figure of those with the infection in 2012 at 98 400 (95% confidence interval 93 500 to 104 300) and believes that 21 900 of these do not know they are infected.

The number of new infections detected in 2012 was 6360, a …
Oncogenes and cancer.
Authors: J Weber, M McClure
Journal: BMJ (1987)

those thinking of buying blood pressure measuring equip- ment?Firstly, the mercury sphygmomanometer is the most accurate, reliable, durable, and economical of all devices for measuring blood pressure.22Secondly, semiautomated and automated devices should not be purchased unless the manufacturers provide independent validation of accuracy preferably published in a reputable journal.Several major companies have behaved responsibly in assuring that their products are accurate, reliable, and value for money, but there are many products on the market (and the number is increasing) that are inadequately tested and sold at considerable profit.Some marketing strategies rely on an independent laboratory taking five years to produce verification and accuracy studies.Medical journals are often reluctant to publish such technical evaluations, and at least another five years may pass before enough published evidence accumulates to harm sales.
Abstract B4: Development of a short peptide with antitumor activity
Authors: Suming Wang, Raul Catena, Vivek Mittal, Randolph S. Watnick
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It has been demonstrated that metastatic tumors establish bone marrow (BM)-derived pre-metastatic niches in distant organs that serve as permissive hubs for supporting future metastases. It is not known, conversely, whether tumors that lack metastatic potential fail to establish such niches, or generate niches which inhibit metastasis. Here, we show that metastasis-incompetent tumors are also capable of generating BM-derived niches at distant sites. However, by secreting prosaposin (psap) these tumors systemically stimulate expression of an antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin1 (Tsp-1) in myeloid progenitor cells in the niche, converting them into metastasis-inhibitory cells. We found that Tsp-1-inducing activity of psap was contained in a short (&amp;lt;10 amino acid) peptide. Importantly this peptide suppressed metastatic outgrowth, which was rescued by genetic ablation of Tsp-1 in the BM. These results provide mechanistic insights into why certain tumors are deficient in metastatic potential, and unexpectedly implicate recruited Gr1+ myeloid progenitor cells as the main source of Tsp-1 in the metastatic lung. Clinically, psap expression was significantly decreased in skeletal metastases in prostate cancer patients, suggesting that the psap peptide may be a potential therapeutic agent against metastatic cancer. Citation Format: Suming Wang, Raul Catena, Vivek Mittal, Randolph S. Watnick. Development of a short peptide with antitumor activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B4.
Brachial-Plexus Injuries
Authors: Robert D. Leffert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

BRACHIAL-plexus injuries often present major problems of diagnosis and management. They commonly occur with trauma to multiple systems, so that concern for preservation of life or limb may overshadow or obscure their presence. Recent wartime experience with brachial-plexus injuries accompanying chest wounds often demonstrated a lapse of several days before the neurologic lesion was recognized.1 Since head trauma is the most frequently associated injury in civilian practice, appreciation of the peripheral nerve lesion may be considerably delayed.Even in patients whose plexus injuries are the sole lesion, the resulting problems are multifaceted. The underlying anatomic substrate and the varied possible . . .
Dual Thyroid Ectopy
Authors: RAKESH KUMAR, SHIKHA KHULLAR, RITESH GUPTA, ATUL MARWAH, MALHOTRA A. DRM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Dual ectopic thyroid glands rarely occur, and only six cases have been reported in the literature. The authors describe a 14-year-boy who had a midline neck swelling for 8 to 9 years. The swelling increased gradually, but he had no pressure symptoms. The thyroid hormone profile showed a moderately increased thyroid-stimulating hormone value and normal T3 and T4 levels. A Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan showed dual ectopic thyroid glands in the sublingual and subhyoid regions.
Measles Deaths Plummet
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4812: HCV infected elderly are at excess risk of pancreatic cancer: a population based SEER-Medicare study.
Authors: Fatma M. Shebl
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer is uncommon, however, it is a fatal cancer that ranks the fourth in mortality in United States. Risk factors of pancreatic cancer include infections, smoking, hormonal, alcoholism, genetic, and environmental factors. Pancreatitis is one of the risk factors of pancreatic cancer which is also, one of the observed extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV infection mortality and morbidity are increasing; therefore it is important to understand the relationship between HCV infection and pancreatic cancer and the role of HCV-related pancreatitis. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Medicare linked (SEER-Medicare) database to employ a population-based nested case control study among United States elder. The study included 29,892 pancreatic cancer cases and 100,000 controls. In this study, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression. Models were adjusted for the matching variables including age, sex, and calendar year. To examine the hypothesis that pancreatitis is in the causal pathway between HCV and pancreatic cancer; and therefore, is a mediator (intermediate endpoint), we used mediation modeling to calculate the percentage of the total effect of HCV that is mediated by pancreatitis. Results: HCV infection was reported in 0.42% pancreatic cancer cases and 0.32% controls. Pancreatitis was observed in 6.2% of HCV infected, and 1.4% non-HCV infected. Pancreatitis was reported in 2.6%, and 1.4% of cancer and controls respectively. Adjusting for matching variables, HCV infection was associated with higher odds of pancreatic cancer [OR (95% CI); 1.36(1.10-1.68)]. In the mediation modeling, pancreatitis significantly mediated the HCV effect, such that 11.4% of HCV effect was mediated by pancreatitis. Conclusion: HCV is a risk factor of pancreatic cancer. HCV effect is mediated in part by pancreatitis. Further studies are warranted to understand the various mechanisms that might explain the excess risk of pancreatic cancer among HCV infected individuals, and to determine the effect of HCV treatment on pancreatic cancer risk. Citation Format: Fatma M. Shebl. HCV infected elderly are at excess risk of pancreatic cancer: a population based SEER-Medicare study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4812. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4812
Liverpool University reinstates course on social exclusion after protests
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Liverpool University is to reinstate a course on social exclusion for medical students that included a talk on Palestinian health issues.

The elective module, run by the independent organisation Healthy Inclusion, was suspended in April pending an investigation after complaints from two Jewish students that a lecturer handed out pamphlets that were sympathetic to suicide bombers.

But the university said it was now satisfied that the content of the module was appropriate and the subject should become part of the mainstream medical curriculum, with medical students becoming involved in designing the new course.

It said in a statement: “The …
Funding of bird flu initiative exceeds expectations
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fundraising efforts for the fight against H5N1 avian influenza have exceeded all expectations, as $1.9bn (£1.1bn; €1.5bn) was put on the table at a funding conference in Beijing last week.

“I was expecting $1.5bn, so $1.9bn came as a surprise,” said David Nabarro, the senior United Nations system coordinator for avian and human influenza.

“I'm particularly pleased that we got pledges of $1bn in grants and $0.9bn in low interest loans. The other advantage of a higher figure is that we may have capacity for flexible funding for the unexpected, as the $1.5bn budget was still very tight,” he added. …
Recruitment of a myeloid cell subset (CD11b/Gr1<sup>mid</sup>) via CCL2/CCR2 promotes the development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis*
Authors: Lei Zhao, Su Yin Lim, Alex N. Gordon-Weeks, Thomas T. Tapmeier, Jae Hong Im, Yunhong Cao, John Beech, Danny Allen, Sean Smart, Ruth J. Muschel
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Liver metastasis from colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality. Myeloid cells play pivotal roles in the metastatic process, but their prometastatic functions in liver metastasis remain incompletely understood. To investigate their role, we simulated liver metastasis in C57BL/6 mice through intrasplenic inoculation of MC38 colon carcinoma cells. Among the heterogeneous myeloid infiltrate, we identified a distinct population of CD11b/Gr1mid cells different from other myeloid populations previously associated with liver metastasis. These cells increased in number dramatically during establishment of liver metastases and were recruited from bone marrow by tumor-derived CCL2. Liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells followed this pattern but this mechanism is not universal as liver colonization by B16F1 melanoma cells did not recruit similar subsets. Inhibition of CCL2 signaling and absence of its cognate receptor CCR2 reduced CD11b/Gr1mid recruitment and decreased tumor burden. Depletion of the CD11b/Gr1mid subset in a transgenic CD11b-diphtheria toxin receptor mouse model markedly reduced tumor cell proliferation. There was no evidence for involvement of an adaptive immune response in the prometastatic effects of CD11b/Gr1mid cells. Additionally, an analogous myeloid subset was found in liver metastases of some colorectal cancer patients. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of myeloid cells—in this case a selective CD11b/Gr1mid subset—in sustaining development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis and identify a potential target for antimetastatic therapy.
SMALL-POX AND VACCINATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Director of the Phiilipp1ine Health Service, shows a decided improvement in the mannier of preparationi and in accuracy as compalred with some previous volumiies.It has a useful table of contents, and the index, appreciably shorter, is m-iuch better arranged.The activities of the Health Service duriing the y-ear are summed up in the following intro- ductory passage:" Substantial decreases in the general mortality and in infant mortality rates constituted the salient points of the year.The work on leprosy investigation was expanded by more liberal appropriation and by the detailmg of expert technical personnel at Culion and at San Lazaro Hospital; the vaccination campaigns for the eradication
ILLUSTRATIVE CASES OF CEREBROSPINAL FEVER.
Authors: J. P. CROZER GRIFFITH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The tendency of infectious diseases to exhibit themselves in certain well-differentiated forms or types is perhaps particularly well seen in cerebrospinal fever. So true is this that although the complex of symptoms is exceedingly characteristic in the cases of average severity, the variations on the one hand to the malignant form, or, on the other, to the extremely mild or the abortive type are so great that the diagnosis may be rendered very difficult. The title "Cerebrospinal Fever" has been chosen advisedly instead of cerebrospinal meningitis, because I have in mind here the disease which appears to be a specific infectious one, coming generally in epidemics, and having a certain definite though varying group of symptoms. It is by no means certain that this affection differs in any way from cerebrospinal meningitis not of an epidemic nature. From this latter point of view the cases are, of course, very much
Rhinovirus Infections and Biomarkers of Airway Inflammation Evaluated in Children Treated for Wheezing Exacerbations in Costa Rica
Authors: J. Posthumus, M. Soto-Quiros, L. Avila, J. Hunt, H. Carper, D. Murphy, H. James, T.A.E. Platts-Mills, P. Heymann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)