tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
17. Biodistribution, Innate Immune Response and Toxicity Following Intravenous Inoculation of Mice with Nonhuman Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: Dinesh S. Bangari, Anurag Sharma, Aseem Pandey, Harm HogenEsch, Suresh K. Mittal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Nonhuman adenoviral (Ad) vectors have shown the potential to overcome the preexisting Ad immunity. In order to assess their utility for in vivo applications, it is important to evaluate biodistribution, induction of innate immune response, and toxicity of these vectors in a suitable animal model. In this study, FVB/n mice were inoculated via the intravenous route with porcine Ad type 3 (PAd3), bovine Ad type 3 (BAd3), or human Ad type 5 (HAd5) vector carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. Mice inoculated similarly with phosphate-buffered saline served as negative controls. Mice were sacrificed at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days post-inoculation, and the blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and heart were collected for further analyses. Vector biodistribution and transgene expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. The serum samples were analyzed for induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-g). Hepatotoxicity of Ad vectors was assessed by monitoring serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and also by histopathology. At early time points (up to 2 days post-inoculation), the presence of PAd3 vector was detected in the lungs, spleen, and liver, and the BAd3 vector was detected in all tissues examined. Whereas, the presence of HAd5 vector was detected only in the liver suggesting that biodistribution of these nonhuman Ad vectors was considerably different than that of HAd5. Increased serum IL-6 levels were observed at 0.25 day post-inoculation in the PAd3-inoculated group, while increased IFN-g levels were seen on 8 days post-inoculation in the HAd5-inoculated group. Serum AST and ALT levels were elevated at early time points (up to 1day post-inoculation) in mice inoculated with either PAd3 or BAd3, but not in the HAd5-inoculated group. Surprisingly, elevated levels of these enzymes were noted at a late time point (8 days post-inoculation) only in the HAd5-inoculated group. Histopathologically, the PAd3 vector elicited mild hepatocellular apoptosis, and the HAd5 vector resulted in mild multifocal lymphocytic hepatitis, but no hepatotoxicity was observed in the BAd3-inoculated group. These results indicated that biodistribution, innate immune response and hepatotoxicity following intravenous inoculation of mice with PAd3, BAd3, or HAd5 vector were different. Further characterization of nonhuman Ad vectors will be valuable for designing improved Ad-based gene delivery vectors.
Making a splash
Authors: D. Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1991)

also the layout of the station, its height above sea level, the type of train, how fast it goes, where the up train passes the down train, and the distances travelled. No wonder that Japanese agents who obtained a copy before Japan invaded in 1942 classified it as a secret document: it conveys so much at both strategic and tactical levels. Two other examples of the micro-macro principle show how broadly Tuf te thinks this principle applies. The first is the Vietnam Veterans' War Memorial in Washington, a long black granite wall carved with the names of Americans who died in the war. From a
162 HIV infected patients listed for liver transplantation have shorter intention-to-treat survival than non-infected patients
Authors: C. Sanz, M. Salcedo, J. Berenguer, D. Rincon, P. Miralles, O. Nogales, I. Yepes, O. Nuñez, G. Clemente, I. Beceiro, R. Bañares
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Lipid Emulsions Potently Increase Transgene Expression in Hepatocytes after Adenoviral Transfer
Authors: Jan Snoeys, Geertrui Mertens, Joke Lievens, Theo van Berkel, Désiré Collen, Erik A.L. Biessen, Bart De Geest
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Elimination of Kupffer cells by cytotoxic clodronate liposomes increases transgene expression in the liver after adenoviral transfer. Here, we demonstrate that empty l-α-phosphatidylcholine liposomes block uptake of vectors in the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and increase human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (approved gene symbol apo A-I) expression in C57BL/6 (1.3-fold) and Balb/c mice (3.1-fold) to the same extent as clodronate liposomes (1.5- and 3.4-fold, respectively). A similar elevation of human apo A-I levels was induced by the lipid emulsion Intralipid (1.5- and 2.8-fold in C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice, respectively). Not only Kupffer cells but also hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSEC) constitute the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver. The uptake of adenoviral vectors 1 h after transfer in C57BL/6 mice was 2.9-fold lower in Kupffer cells than in HSEC. In contrast, Kupffer cell uptake in Balb/c mice was 2.6-fold higher than in HSEC. Vector uptake in reticuloendothelial cells of the liver was reduced and transgene expression was increased in splenectomized and Rag2-deficient Balb/c mice but not in splenectomized and Rag1-deficient C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, lipid emulsions for parenteral clinical use block uptake of adenoviral vectors by the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and potently increase transgene expression.
Preventive Medicine and Health System Reform
Authors: Russell W. Eggert
Journal: JAMA (1994)

PREVENTING disease, disability, and death has always made intuitive sense, long before the current debate on health system reform suddenly thrust disease prevention, health promotion, and public health onto the political center stage. Demands to control medical costs, improve the value, quality, and outcomes of health care, achieve universal access, promote generalism over specialization, and improve the responsiveness of academic health centers to their local communities<sup>1</sup>have placed prevention and primary care in a new light. Increasingly, preventive medicine, public health, and primary care are recognized as fundamental components of a reformed health system. Concerns over environmental and occupational health hazards, the resurgence of infectious diseases, and the primacy of chronic diseases and injuries as the leading causes of mortality and morbidity focus attention on the need for researchers, educators, and practitioners trained in preventive medicine, public health, and other population-based fields. The inadequacy of undergraduate medical education and
An unusual cause of chest pain
Authors: M. Bhattacharyya, M. Dattani
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 66 year old woman presented to the accident and emergency department with severe chest pain radiating to the back following several episodes of vomiting after a meal.

On examination, she was unwell with tachycardia and tachypnoea. Her blood pressure was 150/80 mm Hg in the left arm and 138/80 mm Hg in the right arm. Her past medical history included asthma, hypertension, and a previous transient ischaemic attack.

On admission, she had a mildly raised white blood cell count (14.3×109/l) with neutrophilia (8.58×109/l) and normal haemoglobin (143 g/l). Serum lactate was raised (3.6 mmol/l), but urea and electrolytes were normal. Chest radiography was performed and showed a right sided pleural effusion. Aortic dissection was suspected, and she underwent computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis using an aortic protocol. The scan showed a pneumomediastinum with an associated pneumothorax and a right sided pleural effusion. Further radiological investigation was performed (fig 1⇓).





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POINTS IN THE ETIOLOGY AND CLINICAL HISTORY OF ERYSIPELAS.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: J. M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In discussing the predisposing causes of erysipelas, authors are greatly at variance as to the influence of age, sex. seasonal effect, etc., among other well recognized factors. It must be confessed, however, that no statistical inquiries have heretofore been instituted to show the exact effect exerted upon the disease by these supposed etiological elements. In a recent paper on "Seasonal Influence in Erysipelas, with Statistics," the writer has shown, by Careful analysis of 2,010 cases collected from different sources, the relationship existing between the various seasons of the year and this affection; and he ventures to hope that he may be pardoned for calling attention briefly to some of the tabulated data contained in his former paper. Table (1) demonstrated clearly that the cases increase month by month in slightly varying ratio, from August to April, which latter month gives the greater number; and that there is a rapid decrease
Mid-term results of thrombus extraction in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction: One center experience with the X-SIZER catheter system
Authors: Eulogio Garcia, Alejandro Alvarez, Jose M. Cubero, Agustin LaCorte, Manuel Abeytua, Jose L. Lopez-Sendon, Esteban Lopez de Sa, Amalia Mota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Isolation of Clara cells from the mouse lung.
Authors: V I Oreffo, A Morgan, R J Richards
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A method is described for isolating Clara cells from the mouse lung that does not require the technique of elutriation. Mouse lungs totally perfused of blood are instilled with crystalline trypsin (0.25%) and incubated for the optimum time of 15 min. The lung tissue is chopped, mechanically agitated, and sequentially filtered to obtain a primary digest of 3 to 5 x 10(6) cells. Clara cells, identified routinely by histochemical localization of NADPH diaphorase, using the stain nitrotetrazolium blue (NBT), accounts for between 20 to 40% of the cells in the primary digest. Layering the cells of the primary digest on a discontinuous Percoll gradient followed by centrifugation gives rise to a major band of cells, 52% that are Clara cells (0.77 +/- 0.28 x 10(6)/mouse). A second method was devised to purify the Clara cells by simply centrifuging (32g, 6 min, 10 degrees C) the primary digest and discarding the supernatant that contained only a few NBT positive cells. When this process was repeated three times, the final pellet contained 68% Clara cells realizing 0.55 +/- 0.16 x 10(6) cells/mouse. The cells have typical Clara cell morphology as confirmed by electron microscopy and have a high level of P-450 enzymes (7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase and coumarin hydroxylase). Furthermore, the primary digests and the purified isolates contain less than 1% alveolar Type II cells, although such cells, identified by the histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase, can be obtained by a second, more extensive digestion procedure. The simple procedure described for the isolation of mouse Clara cells could be further advanced if methods could be devised to prevent the loss of NADPH diaphorase activity during enzymatic digestion and cell centrifugation.
Comparisons of the Perioperative, Functional, and Oncologic Outcomes After Robot-Assisted Versus Pure Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Guillaume Ploussard, Alexandre de la Taille, Morgan Moulin, Dimitri Vordos, Andras Hoznek, Claude-Clément Abbou, Laurent Salomon
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in Immunodepleted Plasma of Cancer Patients As a Possible Pharmacodynamic Marker for Bevacizumab Activity
Authors: Fotios Loupakis, Alfredo Falcone, Gianluca Masi, Anna Fioravanti, Robert S. Kerbel, Mario Del Tacca, Guido Bocci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

United States airport high-tech fingerprint identification equipment was unable to identify her fingerprints.As a result, the very first time she returned to the United States from Spain, she was retained at customs for several hours.The second time, an oncol-ogy clinical report had to be faxed to allow her to enter the United States.To our knowledge, this is the first report of a drug-related fingerprint misidentification.Monotherapy capecitabine dose-reductions may be required once hand-foot syndrome has appeared.However, this toxicity might imply definitive fingerprints modifications.To summarize, foreign patients taking capecitabine and entering United States' ports may have trouble with regard to fingerprint identification.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Low-Saturated-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet During the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Harri Niinikoski, Jorma Viikari, Tapani Ro¨nnemaa, Helena Lapinleimu, Eero Jokinen, Pia Salo, Ritva Seppa¨nen, Aila Leino, Juhani Tuominen, Ilkka Va¨lima¨ki, Olli Simell
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The long-term consequences of modified fat intake in early childhood are poorly known. The randomized prospective STRIP baby project evaluates the effects of repeated dietary counseling on nutrient intakes and serum lipid values in children 7 months to 3 years old. Methods and Results One thousand sixty-two infants were randomized to intervention and control groups at 7 months of age. The families of the 540 intervention children were counseled to reduce the child's intake of saturated fat and cholesterol but to ensure adequate energy intake. Five hundred twenty-two control children consumed an unrestricted diet. Food records were kept, and serum lipids were measured at 5- to 12-month intervals. Intakes of saturated fat, fat as proportion of energy (E%), and cholesterol were lower in the intervention children than in control children at 13, 24, and 36 months of age. Fat intake by the intervention children decreased from 29±5 E% at 8 months of age to 26±6 E% at 13 months and then increased to 30±5 E% at 24 months and to 31±5 E% at 36 months. The control children consumed 29±4 E%, 28±5 E%, 33±5 E%, and 33±5 E% of fat at 8, 13, 24, and 36 months, respectively. The ratio of dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fats of the intervention children was consistently higher than that of the control children ( P &lt;.0001). Baseline adjusted mean serum cholesterol concentration was lower in the intervention children than control children between 13 and 36 months ( P &lt;.0001; 95% confidence interval of the difference between the group means, −0.27 to −0.12 mmol/L). The effect was significant only in boys (95% confidence interval, −0.39 to −0.20 mmol/L in boys; −0.21 to 0.01 mmol/L in girls). Conclusions Repeated individualized dietary counseling markedly reduces the increase in serum cholesterol concentration that occurs in control children during the first years of life.
Abrogation of constitutive STAT3 activity sensitizes human hepatoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Mariko Kusaba, Kazuhiko Nakao, Takashi Goto, Daisuke Nishimura, Hiroshi Kawashimo, Hidetaka Shibata, Yasuhide Motoyoshi, Naota Taura, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Keisuke Hamasaki, Katsumi Eguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Cyclosporin A promising for transplantation
Authors: Elizabeth Pease
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Preliminary results from clinical trials being conducted at four US medical centers continue to indicate that cyclosporin A may have considerable potential as an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of renal allograft rejection. "At this point there are only trends," says transplant surgeon John S. Najarian, MD, of the University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis. "So far, however, the trend is that cyclosporin A is as good, if not better, than conventional therapy." Immunologic properties of cyclosporin A, a cyclic peptide derived from fungal metabolites, were first reported by J. F. Borel in 1976. Two years later, Roy Y. Calne, MD, of the University of Cambridge, England, pioneered the clinical use of the drug, believed to act selectively in early T lymphocyte differentiation and possibly on subpopulations of these T cells (<i>Br J Surg</i>1980;67:767;<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1979;242:2268-2269). In the United States, clinical trials began in 1979 at the
The Development of American Gastroenterology
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<i>The Development of American Gastroenterology</i>by Joseph B. Kirsner, MD, PhD, is more than a history book written by one of the real movers and shakers in the field. As a member, and often founder and selected leader, of every prestigious society and organization in gastroenterology, Dr Kirsner has been involved in the evolution from superstition, fad, and quackery to scientific experimentation, controlled clinical trials, careful confirmation, and documentation. After years of speculation, the tools and techniques were developed that allowed rapid advance in our understanding of digestion and its malfunction. The author records the transition from a disorganized group of individuals to one of many medical and lay organizations representing different points of view, governmental agencies, and politicians who joined together to provide their special interest input into an agenda to benefit all concerned with the ultimate goal of improving the digestive health of our society. Through the extensive
Treating Patients With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Donna Lehr, Jennifer Greif Green, Nancy Harayama
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colonoscopy, tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: T. Kuiper, P. Fockens, E. Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Colonoscopy has been accepted as a modality for colorectal screening and surveillance for several years now. It has been shown to have a high sensitivity in detecting gastrointestinal lesions, and also allows complete examination of the colon and rectum and removal of polyps at the time of detection, making it a suitable screening tool. The demand of screening colonoscopies has increased over recent years for several reasons [2]. Despite this increased use, few studies have looked at the impact of colonoscopy screening on the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in the general population.
The effect of a series of strength training sessions on 2000 m rowing ergometer performance and muscle function
Authors: T I Gee, D N French, G Howatson, KC Gibbon, N Caplan, S B Moloney, A Corkery, C J Toms, K G Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Research has previously shown that rowers commonly perform strength training three times per week. However, no research has assessed the impact that this weekly frequency of strength training may have on muscle function. Twenty-two highly trained male rowers were evenly assigned to two groups; intervention and control. All rowers performed baseline measures of a maximal isometric contraction of the leg extensors (MVC), five separate, static squat jumps (SSJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and maximal rowing ergometer power strokes (PS) and a single 2000 m rowing ergometer test (2000 m). Intervention participants subsequently performed a protocol of three identical strength training (ST) sessions, in the space of 5 days with a day's break in-between the first to second and second to third sessions. The intervention group repeated the 2000 m test at 24 h following the final ST, in addition MVC, SSJ, CMJ and PS tests were performed. Muscle soreness (MS) and serum creatine kinase (CK) were assessed during both testing sessions for each group. Following the ST protocol, the intervention group experienced significant elevations in MS and CK (P &lt; 0.001) coupled with decrements in MVC, SSJ, CMJ and PS, which ranged between 6-8% (P &lt; 0.001). Values for these parameters were unchanged between both trials for the control group. Performance of the 2000 m test was not significantly affected by ST. No changes in 2000 m performance occurred from test to re-test in the control group. In summary, a series of strength training sessions resulted in symptoms of muscle damage and decrements in maximal power, but 2000 m ergometer performance was unaffected following strength training.
Ultrastructural studies on tumours and cell cultures of the Harding—Passey mouse melanoma*
Authors: STANLEY S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Ultrastructural studies have been carried out on tumours and monolayers of cells of the transplantable Harding‐Passey mouse melanoma, grown in tissue culture. Tumours were found to consist of melanin‐producing, melanin‐producing‐and‐containing and melanin‐containing cells. Melanosomal complexes found in melanin‐containing cells appeared to arise by fusion of solitary melanosomes either with each other or with lysosomes. Melanophages, previously regarded as macrophages which have migrated into the tumour, are probably altered and older melanoma cells. Melanosomal complexes contained in these cells have formed by autophagocytosis. Tissue culture studies support this view. Melanoma cells grown in vitro were invariably found to contain melanosomal complexes as well as solitary melanosomes, and older cells in culture contained numerous melanosomal complexes. Virus‐like particles resembling immature C‐type virus particles were found in all the tumours examined and were especially abundant in cultured cells. These particles were found in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic rcticulum. The significance of these virus particles is still a matter for speculation.
The Problem-Oriented Medical Record
Authors: Juan M. Aranda
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A problem-oriented approach to the keeping of medical records is said to enable more efficient record use, more effective communication, and improved patient care. To our knowledge, no reports describe use of the problem-oriented medical record in community hospitals. The problem-oriented system was implemented in our clinics, and a number of problem-oriented and source-oriented records chosen at random were compared. There was<i>no statistical difference</i>between the two groups of records in the number of problems identified or in the availability of objective data and adequacy of follow-up. (<i>JAMA</i>229:549-551, 1974)
IgE+ cells in the peripheral blood of atopic, nonatopic, and bee venom–hypersensitive individuals exhibit the phenotype of highly differentiated B cells
Authors: Peter J. Donohoe, Robert J. Heddle, Pamela J. Sykes, Michael Fusco, Loretta R. Flego, Heddy Zola
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)