tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality in Neonates with Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Authors: Richard Whitley, Ann Arvin, Charles Prober, Lawrence Corey, Sandra Burchett, Stanley Plotkin, Stuart Starr, Richard Jacobs, Dwight Powell, Andre Nahmias, Ciro Sumaya, Kathryn Edwards, Charles Alford, Gary Caddell, Seng-Jaw Soong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In a controlled trial comparing acyclovir with vidarabine in the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, we found no significant difference between the treatments in adjusted mortality and morbidity. Hence, we sought to define for the entire cohort (n = 202) the clinical characteristics that best predicted the eventual outcome in these neonates.
Health System Reform: Still Twitching-Reply
Authors: Andrew B. Bindman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The US health system is witnessing an alarming and rapid corporate transformation with profound implications for health care quality. Rather than addressing this disturbing reality, or engaging the 10 quality principles we outlined for US health system reform, Dr Noel echoes a series of inaccurate assertions about Canada, and instead offers the administratively unwieldy and inequitable remedy of medical individual retirement accounts. He misrepresents Canada as plagued by "medical cost inflation, shortage, long queuing, and rationing." Recent Canadian data show that average real per capita health expenditures increased only 1.4% annually from 1987 through 1993, and have actually decreased for the latter 2 years.<sup>1</sup>While effectively containing costs, Canada provides more care— more physician visits, more hospital days, more procedures, and even more bone marrow transplantations (and at a more appropriate stage)—than the United States, while achieving the highest level of satisfaction in the world and winning
Liquid based cytology in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Karin J Denton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Is as sensitive as conventional cytology, and has other advantages 

Cervical screening has been shown to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, but only in the setting of well organised, high quality programmes. In the United Kingdom the NHS cervical screening programme has been estimated to prevent around 80% of deaths from cervical cancer.1

Liquid based cytology represents the first major change in preparation method for cervical screening samples for over 50 years. Instead of cells being smeared onto a glass slide, they are washed into a vial of liquid and filtered, and a random sample is presented in a thin layer on a glass slide. These slides can then either be screened by skilled staff or subjected to partially automated imaging. The process is being widely used in the United States, many European countries, and elsewhere.

In this week's BMJ two studies compare the accuracy of liquid based cytology with conventional cytology.2 3 The randomised trial by Ronco and colleagues found no significant difference in sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or more with liquid based cytology using ThinPrep (Cytyc, Boxborough, MA, USA) compared with conventional cytology.2 However, more positive …
LECTURES ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE KIDNEY.
Authors: CHARLES GREENE CUMSTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>LECTURE II.</h3> We will first consider the symptoms to which a tuberculosis of the kidney may give rise. There are two stages to be considered, viz.: The initial stage and the stage of full development, but before discussing these, I will say a few words regarding acute renal tuberculosis, which is not a clinical disease. It is an accident occurring during the progress of a general infection, and the symptoms of the renal lesion are hidden by those of the lungs, pleura, etc., produced by acute tuberculosis. Two symptoms indicate that the affection has attacked the urinary gland; these are hematuria, be it repeated or simply occurring once, and albuminuria, although this symptom has less importance because it is common in all infectious diseases. We now come to the symptoms of chronic tuberculosis of the kidney, which are more complete. In the initial stage it may be said that the
Of Marfan's Syndrome, Mice, and Medications
Authors: Juan M. Bowen, Heidi M. Connolly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Marfan's syndrome was once a disease of unknown cause, and those affected often died young from aortic dissection. Today, most patients with Marfan's syndrome who receive comprehensive care have a near-normal life expectancy. Initial therapeutic strategies evolved from clinical research done before the disease pathogenesis was understood. They include prophylactic composite aortic repair, which reduces the threat of aortic dissection, and beta-blockade, which provides medical aortic protection.An understanding of the disease pathogenesis from basic research has resulted in new treatment strategies.1 Mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 were shown in 1991 to be the cause of Marfan's syndrome.2 Fibrillin-1 . . .
AT-33A PHASE II STUDY OF CONCURRENT RADIATION THERAPY, TEMOZOLOMIDE AND THE HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR VALPROIC ACID FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
Authors: Andra V. Krauze, Sten D. Myrehaug, Michael G. Chang, Diane J. Holdford, Sharon Smith, Joanna Shih, Peter Tofilon, Howard Fine, Kevin A. Camphausen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic agent that has been shown to have HDACi activity and to radiosensitize GBM cells in preclinical models. This phase II study aimed to determine if the addition of VPA to standard radiation therapy and temozolomide would improve OS and PFS. METHODS: We prospectively assessed survival, radiological and clinical progression in 37 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients with the administration of VPA at 25 mg/kg orally BID concurrent with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ). The first dose of VPA was given 1 week before the first day of RT at 10 to 15 mg/kg/day and subsequently tapered up to 25 mg/kg/day over the week prior to radiation. RESULTS: 81% of patients took VPA according to protocol. Median OS was 29.6 months (21- 63.8), median PFS was 10.5 (6.8 - 51.2). OS at 6, 12, 24 months was 97%, 86%, 56% respectively. PFS at 6, 12, 24 months was 70%, 43%, 38% respectively. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities of VPA in conjunction with TMZ were blood/ bone marrow toxicity (32%), neurological (11%), metabolic/laboratory (8%). At the end of the study 26 (70%) patients were dead, 7 were live without disease, 4 alive with disease. Younger age (<= 50 years) compared to older age and class V RPA were significant for both OS and PFS. Using a landmark analysis, an early progression was related to a shorter interval between progression and death, whereas, a later progression was related to a longer interval between progression and death (p = 0.0002) HR 4.7. CONCLUSION: The addition of VPA to concurrent RT and TMZ in the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM may result in superior outcomes as compared to contemporary and historical data and merits further study.
The role of fucosylation in the promotion of endothelial progenitor cells in neovascularization and bone repair
Authors: Shengxuan Sun, Zhenzhen Liu, Haibin Zhou, Guoqiang Li, Meng Liu, Jiannan Yao, Tiantian Zhou, Guangyu An, Qingyu Wu, Ningzheng Dong
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
An Epidemic Myalgia Distinct from Bornholm Disease, Which Chiefly Affected the Muscles of the Neck
Authors: P. B. Beeson, T. F. M. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1941)

AT the present time Bornholm disease is the only recognised condition characterised chiefly by muscle pain which occurs in epidemic form.Indeed, the terms "epidemic myalgia " and " Bornholm disease " are used synonymously by many writers.Massell and Solomon' (1935) have suggested, however, that the common condition of " stiff neck," or acute torticollis, represents another form of epidemic myalgia, and have reported the occur- rence of fifty-two cases of " stiff neck " within three months in a group of three hundred persons, an attack rate of 17-3 per cent.Clinically their cases bore a close resemblance to those which are described in this communication.Smith2 (1937) reported a series of cases of "cervical myalgia" which occurred one winter among the boys at Rugby School, but he expressed the belief that these represented a form of Bornholm disease.During the summer and fall of 1941 "stiff neck" seemed prevalent in various parts of Southern England.Accordingly, attempts have been made to accumulate accurate data on the incidence of this condition.The following is a description of a study carried out on a group of factory workers in November, 1941. METHOD OF SURVEY AND POPIULATION STUDIEDThe population examined consisted of the employees of a piston-ring factory.The factory building, situated on the out- skirts of a small city, contained one large machine room, dimen- sions 160 by 50 feet; an inspection room, 50 by 15 feet; and two small offices.At the time of the survey the employees were: two office workers, eleven inspectors, and one hundred and fifty machine workers; eighty-two of these persons were males and eighty-one were females.The work of the factory was done in two shifts, the members of the day-shift working from 7.30 a.m. to 7 p.m., those of the night-shift from 7.30 p.m.
Chi-Square Significances
Authors: David H. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The paper by Drs. Geller et al ( 210 :1421-1427, 1969), contains a rather gross statistical error, affecting the interpretation of the entire study. On page 1424, the authors state that chi-square test was highly significant ( P  P for chi-square of 3.33 is >0.05 and for 1.875 is >0.10.  The reason I checked the chisquare calculation was that instinct tells one that ten cases in each group is simply not enough to
Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal IL-16 and CD4+ cells in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: T. Pullerits, A. Linden, C. Malmhall, J. Lotvall
Journal: Allergy (2001)

CD4+ T cells constitute a major source of cytokines in allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis. Interleukin (IL)-16 selectively recruits CD4+ cells.We evaluated the effect of natural allergen exposure during a grass-pollen season on IL-16 expression and number of CD4+ cells in nasal mucosa. Patients with allergic rhinitis (n=16) were treated with either a nasal glucocorticoid beclomethasone (BDP; 400 microg/day) or placebo, and gave nasal biopsies prior to and during the grass-pollen season. The evaluated markers in allergic rhinitis patients were also compared to those in healthy control subjects (n=5).Prior to the pollen season, the expression of IL-16, but not the number of CD4+ cells, was significantly higher in patients with allergic rhinitis than in healthy control subjects. The grass-pollen season further increased IL-16 expression and also increased the number of CD4+ cells in placebo-treated, but not in BDP-treated, allergic rhinitis patients. The pollen-season-induced change in IL-16 expression and in CD4+ cells was significantly more pronounced in placebo- than in BDP-treated patients. There was a significant correlation between the change in IL-16 expression and the number of CD4+ cells.These data suggest that local upregulation of IL-16 expression contributes to the inflammation observed in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Hypothetically, inhibition of IL-16 expression can be one of several mechanisms by which nasal glucocorticoids achieve their anti-inflammatory effect in allergic rhinitis.
Reduction of catheter-associated sepsis in parenteral nutrition using heparin.
Authors: M Wood, A J Wood
Journal: BMJ (1979)

present infection rate is one episode every nine patient months.Finally, I would like to add that one of the major advantages of this technique is that it is a dialysis treatment which does not require a machine.This has been appreciated especially by those patients who have been converted from intermittent peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis to CAPD.
Molecular Dosimetry of 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane–Induced DNA-DNA Cross-Links in B6C3F1 Mice and F344 Rats Exposed to 1,3-Butadiene by Inhalation
Authors: Melissa Goggin, James A. Swenberg, Vernon E. Walker, Natalia Tretyakova
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an important industrial and environmental chemical classified as a human carcinogen based on epidemiologic studies in occupationally exposed workers and animal studies in laboratory rats and mice. BD is metabolically activated to three epoxides that can react with nucleophilic sites in biomolecules. Among these, 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB) is considered the ultimate carcinogen due to its high genotoxicity and mutagenicity attributed to its ability to form DNA-DNA cross-links. Our laboratory has developed quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography-muESI(+)-tandem mass spectrometry methods for two DEB-specific DNA-DNA cross-links, 1,4-bis-(guan-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (bis-N7G-BD) and 1-(guan-7-yl)-4-(aden-1-yl)-2,3-butanediol (N7G-N1A-BD). This report describes molecular dosimetry analysis of these adducts in tissues of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats exposed to a range of BD concentrations (0-625 ppm). Much higher (4- to 10-fold) levels of DEB-DNA cross-links were observed in mice compared with rats exposed to the same BD concentrations. In both species, bis-N7G-BD levels were 1.5- to 4-fold higher in the liver than in other tissues examined. Interestingly, tissues of female animals exposed to BD contained higher concentrations of bis-N7G-BD adducts than tissues of male animals, which is in accord with previously reported differences in tumor incidence. The molecular dosimetry data presented herein suggest that species and gender differences observed in BD-induced cancer are directly related to differences in the extent of BD metabolism to DEB. Furthermore, a rat model of sensitivity to BD may be more appropriate than a mouse model for assessing human risk associated with BD exposure, because rats and humans seem to be similar with respect to DEB formation.
Combined effects of ghrelin and higher food intake enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rocco Barazzoni, XinXia Zhu, Mark DeBoer, Rakesh Datta, Michael D. Culler, Michela Zanetti, Gianfranco Guarnieri, Daniel L. Marks
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Suspected myocardial infarction: early diagnostic value of analgesic requirements.
Authors: P Baker
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Etude sur 217 malades hospitalises en «unite de soins coronariens» pour suspicion d'infarctus. La quantite d'analgesiques necessaire peut etre proportionnelle a l'etendue de l'infarctus, mais la valeur clinique de ce rapport est douteuse. Par contre la duree de la necessite d'analgesiques semble une bonne indication: la persistance des douleurs plus de 3 h apres les soins en hopital specialise suggere fortement la presence de l'infarctus
Impaired response of pancreatic polypeptide to hypoglycaemia: an early sign of autonomic neuropathy in diabetics.
Authors: T Krarup, T W Schwartz, J Hilsted, S Madsbad, O Overlaege, L Sestoft
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was studied in 18 juvenile diabetics and was calculated as the difference between the prestimulatory PP concentration and the maximal concentration measured. The response was severely impaired in patients with autonomic neuropathy (mean +/- SE of mean 22 +/- 12 pmol/l) as compared with patients without neuropathy (252 +/- 51 pmol/l). Patients whose diabetes was of only a few years' duration showed a normal PP response to hypoglycaemia, and the response diminished significantly with increasing duration of diabetes. The decreased PP response to hypoglycaemia was significantly correlated with an increased threshold of the sense of vibration, (rs = 0.86). These results suggest that impaired, secretion of PP may serve as an early sign of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.
The macrophage soluble receptor AIM/Api6/CD5L displays a broad pathogen recognition spectrum and is involved in early response to microbial aggression
Authors: Vanesa G. Martinez, Cristina Escoda-Ferran, Inês Tadeu Simões, Satoko Arai, Marc Orta Mascaró, Esther Carreras, Mario Martínez-Florensa, José Yelamos, Toru Miyazaki, Francisco Lozano
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma.
Authors: B Cantwell
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by fungi other than Aspergillus Sir,-Dr McAleer and colleagues (Thorax 1981 ;36:338) report allergic bronchopulmonary disease related to fungal species other than aspergillus.We have identified two similar cases in an equivalent climatic region.Case I A 29-year-old man with a history of childhood asthma was found to have a persisting asymptomatic right upper lobe opacity in a mass miniature x-ray survey in 1972.Radiographic appearances were consistent with mucoid impaction.Blood eosinophils were 2300 per cm.Aspergillus prick tests were negative.A bronchial cast and viscus mucus were removed from the right upper lobe at bronchoscopy.These contained numerous fungal elements.Culture of these specimens grew Helminthorporum sp only.Case 2 A 28-year-old man with a history of childhood asthma was found to have a persisting asymptomatic right upper lobe opacity on mass miniature x-ray survey in 1976.The appearances suggested mucoid impaction.Blood eosinophils were 752 cm.Precipitins against aspergillus were negative.Thick viscid mucus removed from the right upper bronchus at bronchoscopy contained many mycelial elements.Culture grew only Curvalaria sp.The cultures in both cases were confirmed at the School of Tropical Health, University of Sydney.The patients lived at latitude 19°S on the eastern seaboard of Australia.The latitude and climate areequivalent to the regions where Dr McAleer's cases originated, but on the other side of the continent.In a 10-year period from 1971 in this region approximately 10-20 new cases of mucoid impaction caused by Aspergillus sp have been identified.Our observations, together with those of Dr McAleer and colleagues, sug- gest that these other types of organism are also a signifi- cant cause of allergic bronchopulmonary disease across the tropical zone of Australia.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of the Orally Inhaled Neuraminidase Inhibitor Zanamivir in the Treatment of Influenza: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled European Study
Authors: M.J. Mäkelä, K. Pauksens, T. Rostila, D.M. Fleming, C.Y. Man, O.N. Keene, A. Webster
Journal: Journal of Infection (2000)
Referral of mothers and infants for intensive care.
Authors: M F Whitfield, R Miles, R D Milner, J Black
Journal: BMJ (1979)

and Dr Watson's figures merely confirm the increasing daily displacement of people from home, family, and practitioner in the twentieth century social revolution and the increasing hazards to which they are subject while dis- placed.In fact there has not been one year since attendance rates of casualties were first recorded in 18287 that the rate has dropped.
Plasma beta endorphin in cirrhosis and renal failure.
Authors: J R Thornton, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1991)

Whether the plasma concentration of beta endorphin was increased in hepatic cirrhosis like that of smaller opioid peptides methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin was determined. Its concentration in chronic renal failure was also measured. Plasma beta endorphin was not significantly raised in cirrhotic patients with or without ascites (medians 5.2 pmol/l and 4.7 pmol/l respectively) compared with disease control subjects (4.9 pmol/l) and healthy control subjects (4.9 pmol/l). In contrast, the peptide was increased 2.5 fold (p less than 0.001) in chronic renal failure (12.4 pmol/l) and was found in many of these patients' urine. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that the liver may play an important role in the elimination of opioid peptides of octapeptide size or less but not the larger peptides such as beta endorphin.
Abstract 641: Prognosis of breast cancer is associated with one-carbon metabolism related nutrients among Korean women
Authors: yunhee lee, Sang-Ah Lee, Ji-Yeob Choi, Hyuna Sung, Sujee Jeon, Sue K. Park, Keun-Young Yoo, Dong-Young Noh, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Daehee Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The 5-year survival rate for breast cancer has increased from 78% during 1993 to 1995 to 90% during 2004 to 2008 among Korean women. Despite such improvement, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality among women. One-carbon metabolism, which requires adequate supply of methyl group donors and B-vitamins, may affect breast cancer prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dietary intake of vitamin B2, vitamin B6 and folate before diagnosis and breast cancer prognosis. We assessed dietary intake from Food Frequency Questionnaire in 980 women who were newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed first primary breast cancer from hospitals located in Seoul, Korea in 2004 to2007 and followed for an average of 5.3 years. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate association between dietary intake of B-vitamins and disease free survival. There was no association between dietary intake of B vitamins and breast cancer prognosis. However, we found higher dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with improved survival in patients with BMI more than 25kg/m2 (harzard ratio (HR), 0.32; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.11-0.94) or positive hormone status in estrogen receptor(ER)/progesterone receptor(PR) (HR, 0.39; 95%CI, 0.16-0.97). Our study suggests that the high intake of vitamin B6 is associated with improved breast cancer survival in patients with higher BMI and positive hormone status in ER/PR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 641. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-641