tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complications of BCG Vaccination in Neoplastic Disease
Authors: C. WILLIAM AUNGST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

More than 300 patients with neoplastic disease (most with lymphoma or leukemia) were given one or more BCG vaccinations. In the great majority of cases, these were well tolerated. The complications we observed were of three types: (A) persistent BCG infection that could disseminate widely, (B) activation of old, dormant acid-fast infection, and (C) hypersensitivity reactions. The latter were related to the frequency of administration and dose of organisms. It is important to recognize that BCG organisms may not be completely destroyed by patients with impaired immunologic defenses, and that their inoculation may create a source of disseminated acid-fast infection at a later time. In our limited experience, treatment with isoniazid for 2 to 3 months has resulted in cure of BCG infection. Hypersensitivity reactions may constitute a more serious problem than such infections.
Carvedilol reduces exercise‐induced hyperventilation: A benefit in normoxia and a problem with hypoxia
Authors: Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Mauro Contini, Alessandra Magini, Anna Apostolo, Gaia Cattadori, Maurizio Bussotti, Fabrizio Veglia, Daniele Andreini, Pietro Palermo
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Reactions to Allopurinol
Authors: David R. Perera
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have reviewed the experience of a large cohort of outpatient recipients of allopurinol to estimate the frequency of serious toxic reactions caused by this drug. This study was derived from Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a health maintenance organization that provides comprehensive medical care to its members. Prescriptions filled and discharge diagnoses from Group Health Cooperative hospitals have been computerized since 1976.<sup>1</sup>According to the available automated data, none of the study patients had received the drug prior to the followup period. There were 1,748 persons who received allopurinol for the first time during the study period 1977 to 1981. For each recipient, all subsequent hospitalizations were identified. We reviewed the entire clinical chart in detail for those admitted with liver, kidney, or skin disease and those with any blood disorder or hypersensitivity illness. Blood disorders occurring in patients receiving antitumor agents were considered
A Collagen Defect in Homocystinuria
Authors: Andrew H. Kang, Robert L. Trelstad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The biochemical mechanism accounting for the connective tissue abnormalities in homocystinuria was explored by examining the effects of various amino acids known to accumulate in the plasma of patients with this disease on cross-link formation in collagen. Neutral salt solutions of purified, rat skin collagen, rich in cross-link precursor aldehydes, were polymerized to native type fibrils by incubating at 37°C in the presence of homocysteine, homocystine, or methionine. After the polymerization was completed, each sample was examined for the formation of covalent intermolecular cross-links, assessed indirectly by solubility tests and directly by measuring the cross-link compounds after reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride and hydrolysis.
Fugitive Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Rex N. MacAlpin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

After Herrick's classic description of the clinical features of acute coronary occlusion,1 there was for a time a tendency to regard all cases of myocardial infarction as being due to acute coronary occlusion. In patients with infarcts involving the full thickness of the left ventricular wall the electrocardiographic changes seen were found to be identical to those produced by coronary occlusion in laboratory animals.2 Hence, the term "coronary thrombosis" became synonymous in common usage with myocardial infarction. However, sophisticated post-mortem examinations of coronary arteries revealed that complete coronary occlusion commonly occurs in the absence of cardiac infarction or even symptoms. . . .
Athrombocytosis Following Oral Cholecystography
Authors: George A. Bishopric
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ORAL cholecystography is probably considered by the patient to be the most tolerable gastrointestinal contrast radiologic study. This procedure was, until recently, considered by the physician also to be, save for minor gastrointestinal disturbances, generally free from adverse reactions. Increasing reports of renal complications secondary to use of oral cholecystographic agents have caused much recent concern, and have actually led to the withdrawal of one such agent, bunamiodyl sodium, from active clinical use. It is the purpose of this paper to report an unusual reaction of a different sort, a severe thrombocytopenia, occurring following the use of another cholecystographic medium, iopanoic acid. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 69-year-old white female was first seen ten days prior to hospital admission for severe epigastric pain with radiation between the scapula, severe nausea, slight epigastric tenderness, and a temperature of 99.2 F (37.3 C). At that time she was given a single injection
Bell Palsy and Herpes Simplex Virus: Identification of Viral DNA in Endoneurial Fluid and Muscle
Authors: Shingo Murakami
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes Bell palsy. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University inpatient service. Patients: 14 patients with Bell palsy, 9 patients with the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, and 12 other controls. Measurements: Viral genomes of HSV-1, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus were analyzed in clinical samples of facial nerve endoneurial fluid and posterior auricular muscle using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization with Southern blot analysis. Results: Herpes simplex virus type 1 genomes were detected in 11 of 14 patients (79%) with Bell palsy but not in patients with the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome or in other controls. The nucleotide sequences of the PCR fragments were identical to those of the HSV-1 genome. Conclusions: Herpes simplex virus type 1 is the major etiologic agent in Bell palsy.
Serial Assessment of Human Tumor Burdens in Mice by the Analysis of Circulating DNA
Authors: Carlo Rago, David L. Huso, Frank Diehl, Baktiar Karim, Guosheng Liu, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Yardena Samuels, Victor E. Velculescu, Bert Vogelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Luis A. Diaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Internal human xenografts provide valuable animal models to study the microenvironments and metastatic processes occurring in human cancers. However, the use of such models is hampered by the logistical difficulties of reproducibly and simply assessing tumor burden. We developed a high-sensitivity assay for quantifying human DNA in small volumes of mouse plasma, enabling in-life monitoring of systemic tumor burden. Growth kinetics analyses of various xenograft models showed the utility of circulating human DNA as a biomarker. We found that human DNA concentration reproducibly increased with disease progression and decreased after successful therapeutic intervention. A marked, transient spike in circulating human tumor DNA occurred immediately after cytotoxic therapy or surgery. This simple assay may find broad utility in target validation studies and preclinical drug development programs. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9364–70]
Cell swelling increases L-type Ca 2+ channel current and the amplitude of Cell shortening in ventricular myocytes
Authors: K. Harada, O. Kohmoto, Y. Sugishita, T. Shimizu, K. Sugishita, K. Kinugawa, H. Matsui, T. Takahashi, T. Serizawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Prophylactic Thyroidectomy in MEN-2A — A Stitch in Time?
Authors: Francis D. Moore, Robert G. Dluhy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (MEN-2A) and type 2B (MEN-2B) illustrate the remarkable pace of knowledge that has been acquired about a group of heritable disorders. In 1961, Sipple made astute clinical observations associating bilateral pheochromocytomas with carcinoma of the thyroid gland.1 Others subsequently identified the thyroid neoplasm involved as medullary thyroid carcinoma, which is derived from calcitonin-producing parafollicular, or C, cells. Serum calcitonin concentrations were found to be elevated in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, and these increased levels served as a useful tumor marker. Clinical syndromes associated with hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma include MEN-2A, or Sipple's syndrome . . .
Simian immunodeficiency virus selectively infects proliferating CD4+ T cells in neonatal rhesus macaques
Authors: Xiaolei Wang, Huanbin Xu, Bapi Pahar, Xavier Alvarez, Linda C. Green, Jason Dufour, Terri Moroney-Rasmussen, Andrew A. Lackner, Ronald S. Veazey
Journal: Blood (2010)
Statins and the Acute-Phase Response
Authors: Robert S. Munford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

C-reactive protein is the classic acute-phase reactant. During severe infection or inflammation, blood concentrations of C-reactive protein may increase by a factor of 500 or more. Although most other acute-phase reactants are not as dynamic or as easily measured, they and C-reactive protein may make important contributions to the body's responses to injury, infection, and other sources of stress.Many acute-phase proteins are thought to be antiinfective. C-reactive protein binds to phosphocholine on the surfaces of invading microbes and marks them for killing by complement and phagocytes, whereas secretory phospholipase A2 is a potent antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal enzyme. Acute-phase . . .
Regression of Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma by Intraperitoneal Treatment With Autologous TLymphocytes Retargeted by a Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Silvana Canevari, Gerrit Stoter, Flavio Arienti, Giorgio Bolis, Maria I. Colnaghi, Emanuela M. Di Re, Alexander M. M. Eggermont, S. Hoo Goey, Jan W. Gratama, Cor H. J. Lamers, Marianne A. Nooy, Giorgio Parmiani, Francesco Raspagliesi, Ferdinando Ravagnani, Giovanna Scarfone, J. Baptist Trimbos, Sven O. Warnaar, Reinder L. H. Bolhuis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Regression of Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma by Intraperitoneal Treatment With Autologous TLymphocytes Retargeted by a Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody Get access Silvana Canevari, Silvana Canevari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gerrit Stoter, Gerrit Stoter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Flavio Arienti, Flavio Arienti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giorgio Bolis, Giorgio Bolis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maria I. Colnaghi, Maria I. Colnaghi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emanuela M. Di Re, Emanuela M. Di Re Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alexander M. M. Eggermont, Alexander M. M. Eggermont Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Hoo Goey, S. Hoo Goey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jan W. Gratama, Jan W. Gratama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cor H. J. Lamers, Cor H. J. Lamers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more Marianne A. Nooy, Marianne A. Nooy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giorgio Parmiani, Giorgio Parmiani Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francesco Raspagliesi, Francesco Raspagliesi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ferdinando Ravagnani, Ferdinando Ravagnani Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giovanna Scarfone, Giovanna Scarfone Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Baptist Trimbos, J. Baptist Trimbos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sven O. Warnaar, Sven O. Warnaar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reinder L. H. Bolhuis Reinder L. H. Bolhuis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 19, 4 October 1995, Pages 1463–1469, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.19.1463 Published: 04 October 1995 Article history Received: 08 February 1995 Revision received: 13 June 1995 Accepted: 24 July 1995 Published: 04 October 1995
The Thalidomide Tragedy in Germany: The End of a Historic Medicolegal Trial
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

ON December 18, 1969, the longest trial in the history of West Germany ended. It was the legal action brought against Chemie Grünenthal, the German pharmaceutical company, and some of its officials concerning the manufacture and sale of the drug, thalidomide, which was alleged to be responsible for the tragic birth deformities of from 5000 to 6000 babies, some 4000 of them in West Germany itself. None of the courtroom cases of war criminals after World War II took longer or required more of the judicial system.The thalidomide trial began in Alsdorf, West Germany, on May 27, 1968. It . . .
The Electrocardiogram in Heart Disease Detection
Authors: T. R. DAWBER, W. B. KANNEL, D. E. LOVE, R. B. STREEPER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

In a study of a group of 2000 volunteers in a New England community the authors compare the relative merits of the 12-lead and a simplified lead I electrocardiogram in the detection of heart disease. The contribution the electrocardiograph would make if included in a heart disease screening program is evaluated. A possible heart disease screening method is suggested.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Promotes Human Cholangiocarcinoma Growth
Authors: Chang Han, Jing Leng, A. Jake Demetris, Tong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is increased in human cholangiocarcinoma. However, the biologic function and molecular mechanisms of COX-2 in the control of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth have not been well established. This study was designed to examine the direct effect of COX-2 and its inhibitor celecoxib on the growth of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells. Overexpression of COX-2 or treatment with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhanced human cholangiocarcinoma cell growth, whereas antisense depletion of COX-2 in these cells decreased PGE2 production and inhibited growth. These findings demonstrate a direct role of COX-2-mediated PGE2 in the growth regulation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib induced a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, cell cycle arrest at the G1-S checkpoint, and induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1. However, the high concentration of celecoxib (50 μm) required for inhibition of growth, the incomplete protection of celecoxib-induced inhibition of cell growth by PGE2 or COX-2 overexpression, and the fact that overexpression or antisense depletion of COX-2 failed to alter the level of p21waf1/cip1 and p27kip1 indicate the existence of a COX-2-independent mechanism in celecoxib-induced inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cell growth.
Liver Damage, Inflammation, and Enhanced Tumorigenesis after Persistent mTORC1 Inhibition
Authors: Atsushi Umemura, Eek Joong Park, Koji Taniguchi, Jun Hee Lee, Shabnam Shalapour, Mark A. Valasek, Mariam Aghajan, Hayato Nakagawa, Ekihiro Seki, Michael N. Hall, Michael Karin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Managing clinical research data: software tools for hypothesis exploration.
Authors: C F Starmer, M A Dietz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Data representation, data file specification, and the communication of data between software systems are playing increasingly important roles in clinical data management. This paper describes the concept of a self-documenting file that contains annotations or comments that aid visual inspection of the data file. We describe access of data from annotated files and illustrate data analysis with a few examples derived from the UNIX operating environment. Use of annotated files provides the investigator with both a useful representation of the primary data and a repository of comments that describe some of the context surrounding data capture.
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS
Authors: MichaelH. Bennett, Geoffrey Farrer-Brown, Kristin Henry, A.M. Jelliffe, R. Gerard-Marchant, Iris Hamlin, K. Lennert, F. Rilke, A.G. Stansfeld, J.A.M. Van Unnik
Journal: The Lancet (1974)
Poor nations are being lured into a debt trap
Authors: Jacob M Puliyel, Ashutosh Shrivastava
Journal: BMJ (2008)

With regard to access to papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil),1 let us assume that the vaccine covers all strains causing cervical cancer. In India 21m girls would have to be vaccinated each year to avoid 260 000 deaths at a cost for the vaccine alone of $8400m. The programme would have to be sustained for over 20 years. Even if it prevented all cervical cancers, it would reduce by only 2% the 10.9m deaths caused by infectious …
Beneficial effects of silymarin on estrogen-induced cholestasis in the rat: A study in vivo and in isolated hepatocyte couplets
Authors: Fernando A. Crocenzi, Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi, José M. Pellegrino, Cristín O. Favre, Emilio A. Rodríguez Garay, Aldo D. Mottino, Roger Coleman, Marcelo G. Roma
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The effect of silymarin (SIL) on 17α–ethynylestradiol (EE)–induced cholestasis was evaluated in rats. EE (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously, daily, for 5 days) decreased both the bile–salt-dependent and the bile–salt-independent fractions of the bile flow. The decrease in the former was associated to a reduction in the bile salt pool size (-58%), and this effect was completely prevented by SIL. This compound also counteracted the inhibitory effect induced by EE on HCO 3 – but not glutathione output, 2 major determinants of the bile–salt-independent bile flow. EE decreased the secretory rate maximum (Srm) of tauroursodeoxycholate, (-71%) and bromosulfophthalein (BSP; -60%), as well as the expression of the BSP canalicular carrier, mrp2; SIL failed to increase mrp2 expression, and had only a marginal beneficial effect on both tauroursodeoxycholate and BSP Srm values. However, the two–compartment model–based kinetic constant for BSP canalicular transfer was significantly improved by SIL (+262%). SIL decreased rather than increased CYP3A4, the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of EE, and had no inhibitory effect on the UDP–glucuronosyltrasferase isoforms involved in the formation of its 17β–glucuronidated, more cholestatic metabolite. Pretreatment of isolated rat hepatocyte couplets with silibinin, the major, active component of SIL, counteracted the estradiol 17β–glucuronide–induced decrease in the percentage of couplets secreting apically the fluorescent bile acid analogue, cholyl–lysyl–fluorescein. These results show that SIL protects against EE–induced cholestasis by normalizing mainly the decrease in the bile salt pool size and HCO 3 – output, and probably by counteracting the cholestatic effect of its cholestatic, glucuronidated metabolite.
Characteristics of the resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victim with coronary heart disease.
Authors: S Goldstein, J R Landis, R Leighton, G Ritter, C M Vasu, A Lantis, R Serokman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The clinical entry characteristics and medical history of 142 resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims with coronary heart disease were studied in order to identify factors that affect their long-term survival. The cardiac arrest event was classified as being secondary to an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 44% (62 of 142), an ischemic event (IE) in 34% (49 of 142) and a primary arrhythmic event (PAE) in 22% (31 of 142). The majority of patients in all groups had a history of angina pectoris. Twenty-seven percent of the AMI, 55% of the IE, and 71% of the PAE patients had a history of infarction. Ten percent of the AMI, 31% of the IE, and 55% of the PAE had used digitalis before their cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest was the first cardiac event in 35% of the AMI, 16% of the IE and 6% of the PAE patients. One year after arrest, 89% of the AMI, 80% of the IE and 71% of the PAE were alive (p less than 0.01). Covariate analysis for more than 40 variables indicates that a high-risk group included 22% (31 of 142) of the cardiac arrest victims had 1- and 2-year survival rates of 71% and 55%, respectively, and was characterized as having used digitalis before arrest, experiencing blood urea nitrogen elevation and pulmonary congestion during the hospitalization for the event, and classification of the cardiac arrest event as a PAE. A low-risk group comprised 78% (111 of 142) of the survivors and had 1- and 2-year survival rates of 85% and 69%, respectively. These data indicate that cardiac arrest due to coronary heart disease is secondary to several mechanisms related to subsequent survival.
Epidemiological Pathology of Dementia: Attributable-Risks at Death in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study
Authors: Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Brayne, James Lowe, Ian McKeith, Stephen B. Wharton, Paul Ince
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Dementia drug development aims to modulate pathological processes that cause clinical syndromes. Population data (epidemiological neuropathology) will help to model and predict the potential impact of such therapies on dementia burden in older people. Presently this can only be explored through post mortem findings. We report the attributable risks (ARs) for dementia at death for common age-related degenerative and vascular pathologies, and other factors, in the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).A multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study of older people in the UK was linked to a brain donation programme. Neuropathology of 456 consecutive brain donations assessed degenerative and vascular pathologies. Logistic regression modelling, with bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses, was used to estimate AR at death for dementia for specific pathologies and other factors. The main contributors to AR at death for dementia in MRC CFAS were age (18%), small brain (12%), neocortical neuritic plaques (8%) and neurofibrillary tangles (11%), small vessel disease (12%), multiple vascular pathologies (9%), and hippocampal atrophy (10%). Other significant factors include cerebral amyloid angiopathy (7%) and Lewy bodies (3%).Such AR estimates cannot be derived from the living population; rather they estimate the relative contribution of specific pathologies to dementia at death. We found that multiple pathologies determine the overall burden of dementia. The impact of therapy targeted to a specific pathology may be profound when the dementia is relatively "pure," but may be less impressive for the majority with mixed disease, and in terms of the population. These data justify a range of strategies, and combination therapies, to combat the degenerative and vascular determinants of cognitive decline and dementia. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Oral Surgery in Patients With Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: Glen D. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Forty patients with documented atherosclerotic heart disease were examined by electrocardiography and determination of blood pressures and pulse rates 24 hours before oral surgery, immediately preoperatively, and during surgery at intervals of one, five, and ten minutes after injections of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with and without 1:50,000 epinephrine. No significant changes occurred in the electrocardiograms, blood pressures, or heart rates during the study. We found no reason to withhold epinephrine from local anesthetics administered to patients with atherosclerotic heart disease.