tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiologic delineation of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system in two patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs inversus (I,D,D).
Authors: M Dick, R Van Praagh, M Rudd, T Folkerth, A R Castaneda
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Electrophysiologic delineation of the atrioventricular conduction system at surgery is described in two patients with corrected transpostion of the great arteries in situs inversus. Intra-atrial electrograms were recorded in one patient from sites immediately adjacent to the coronary sinus located in the left-sided right atrium. The intraventricular portion of the atrioventricular conduction system was identified in both patients along the posterior and inferior margin of the ventricular septal defect, in contrast to the superior and anterior location found in corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs solitus. In contrast to the superior and anterior location found in corrected transposition of the great arteries in situs solitus. The course of the conduction system in the hearts of these two patients and a possible relationship to the cardiac loop and dual origin of the atrioventricular node is discussed. These cases illustrate the usefulness of segmental diagnosis of congenital heart disease and of electrophysiologic identification of the specialized atrioventricular conduction system at surgery.
The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1985)

On first looking into this compendium, the reader may feel less like Cortez staring at the Pacific than like Cortez being asked to swim across it. For this could be a long journey, through 92 chapters written by 150 contributors, many the undoubted leaders in their particular fields of endeavor. Most of the sections are well written, yet the overall "easy readability index" tends to be low, largely because of the complexity of the subjects covered. For this reason many travelers will end up island hopping, skipping from chapter to chapter rather than attempting to cover the text systematically. In either case they will read about the many advances that, as we are told in the preface, "have transformed renal physiology from a crude empirical enterprise into a formidable discipline of explanatory power and technical sophistication." Formidable, indeed, is this massive work of over 2,000 pages in two heavy volumes,
Metabolic Studies in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Authors: Ian M. James
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Metabolic Studies in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Ian M. James, M.R.C.P.Ian M. James, M.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1156_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAfter spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage there is an acute rise in arterial blood pressure that is associated with a fall in cerebral blood flow. Changes in sodium balance were studied in 63 such patients during this transient hypertensive phase, and marked sodium retention was found to occur. The changes in glomerular filtration rate were not marked, but there was a significant depression in renal plasma flow. Despite the fact that there was marked sodium retention and hypokalemia, there was no elevation in urinary aldosterone excretion. Hyperventilation was significantly correlated with low plasma potassium values, but there was no increase in urinary... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ian M. James, M.R.C.P.Affiliations: Cambridge, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA hadronization model for few-GeV neutrino interactions 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1156-1157KeywordsAldosteroneBlood flowBlood plasmaBlood pressureExcretionFallsGlomerular filtration ratePotassiumSodiumSubarachnoid hemorrhage ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diltiazem, nifedipine, and their combination in patients with stable angina pectoris: effects on angina, exercise tolerance, and the ambulatory electrocardiographic ST segment.
Authors: W Frishman, S Charlap, B Kimmel, M Teicher, J Cinnamon, L Allen, J Strom
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The efficacy and safety of oral nifedipine and diltiazem were compared in 20 patients with stable angina pectoris with use of a placebo run-in, randomized, double-blind titration to maximal effect crossover protocol. The effects of treatment withdrawal were also analyzed. All patients received placebo for 2 weeks and were then randomly assigned to receive either diltiazem or nifedipine. A 2 week drug titration phase in which patients received either diltiazem (180 to 360 mg/day) or nifedipine (30 to 120 mg/day) in three divided doses was followed by a 1 week maintenance phase. Patients then received placebo for 1 to 2 weeks, followed by crossover to the other treatment regimen and a second placebo washout period of 1 week. Patients (n = 13) who remained symptomatic on both diltiazem and nifedipine during the monotherapy periods entered a 3 week combination treatment phase, followed by a final 1 week placebo washout period. Frequency of angina, nitroglycerin consumption, exercise tolerance (Naughton protocol), and frequency of daily episodes of ST segment deviations on the electrocardiogram (1 mm of ST segment depression persisting for at least 1 min with and without chest pain) on an ambulatory electrocardiographic monitor were assessed during the baseline placebo, active monotherapy, placebo withdrawal, and combination treatment phases. Plasma drug levels were also measured. Compared with initial placebo values, the frequency of angina and the amount of nitroglycerin treatment were reduced by both diltiazem (p less than .001) and nifedipine (p less than .02). Diltiazem was more effective than nifedipine in reducing angina (p less than .02). Exercise duration increased with both drugs (p less than .0001). Diltiazem was significantly better than nifedipine in reducing the episodes of ST segment depression on the ambulatory monitor (p less than .01). Diltiazem reduced the resting heart rate (p less than .01); both drugs reduced the resting blood pressure and rate-pressure product. Overall, combination therapy was more effective in patients who did not maximally respond to diltiazem or nifedipine alone with respect to anginal and exercise variables and in reducing blood pressure at rest and during exercise. Plasma drug levels could not predict an individual patient's treatment response. Diltiazem may increase nifedipine drug levels when the drugs are combined. Fewer side effects were observed with diltiazem than nifedipine; the most side effects were seen with combination treatment. There were no apparent withdrawal effects observed with either treatment regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a report of four cases
Authors: C.A. HOLDEN, R.K. WINKELMANN, E.WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Four patients are described who demonstrate the range of clinical and pathological features seen in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinaemia (NXG). Each patient had the typical periorbital yellow plaques with numerous well demarcated yellow indurated plaques on the trunk. All four patients had evidence of paraproteinaemia. The histopathology showed diagnostic features of intense necrobiosis with xanthomatization, including touton giant cells and the bizarre angulated giant cells of NXG. Previously, the patients had been diagnosed as atypical necrobiosis lipoidica, and the distinction between NXG and other necrobiotic conditions is discussed.
Association between a stromal cell-derived factor 1 (<i>SDF-1/CXCL12</i>) gene polymorphism and microvascular disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: M Manetti, V Liakouli, C Fatini, P Cipriani, C Bonino, S Vettori, S Guiducci, C Montecucco, R Abbate, G Valentini, M Matucci-Cerinic, R Giacomelli, L Ibba-Manneschi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Objective: To investigate the possible implication of SDF1 -3′ polymorphism in systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility or clinical phenotype, or both. Methods: 150 patients with SSc and 150 controls were enrolled. Skin involvement, autoantibodies, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), scleroderma renal crisis, past and/or current skin ulcers were assessed. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Genotype distribution and allele frequency were similar in SSc and controls. SDF1 -3′A allele and SDF1 -3′GA/AA genotype frequencies were significantly higher in SSc-PAH than in SSc-non-PAH (33.3% vs 18.3%, p = 0.01) and in SSc with skin ulcers than in SSc without ulcers (27.3% vs 16.9%, p = 0.03). The SDF1 -3′A allele influenced the predisposition to SSc-related PAH (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.69, p = 0.02) and skin ulcers (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.52, p = 0.01). After adjustment for age and gender, the SDF1 -3′A allele remained a susceptibility factor for the SSc-related vascular manifestations (PAH: OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.42, p = 0.04; ulcers: OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.62, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The SDF1 -3′A allele is significantly associated with microvascular involvement in SSc.
Clinical Gynecologic Oncology
Authors: Alfred I. Sherman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Having written a book on the same subject many years ago, I can appreciate the time and effort that the authors have put in to make this book easy to read and understand. Not only because of its size and weight, but particularly because of the contents, this third edition now definitely becomes a reference shelf textbook. The entire gamut of the oncological diseases of the female reproductive tract is included in this text, and for each area it not only includes the clinical and therapeutic aspects, but the etiologic factors, precursors, and pathology are also interwoven into the text. Each chapter is followed by an extensive and fairly comprehensive bibliography so that further evaluation of the material can be readily referenced. The authors are also to be complimented on the addition of a chapter devoted to two allied malignancies not usually considered as part of the reproductive tract, that
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Authors: Nikolaus Gassler, Hanns-Olof Wintzer, Hans-Martin Stubbe, Andreas Wullbrand, Udo Helmchen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The creation of transmyocardial channels from the epicardium to the left ventricular cavity with the use of a CO 2 laser is a modern approach in the treatment of patients with chronic ischemic cardiac disease. The histological features of human myocardium at different times after transmyocardial laser therapy have not been previously described. We had the opportunity to examine hearts from patients who died without clinical evidence of a persistent therapeutic effect at 3, 16, and 150 days after transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR), respectively. Methods and Results We grossly localized the laser-created channels in unfixed and formalin-fixed tissue. Three ventricular levels were defined for cutting the hearts into four segments. Then, transmural blocks were excised and cut crosswise and lengthwise for histological investigation through the use of established staining methods. On day 3, laser-induced channels were filled with abundant granulocytes and thrombocytes, fibrinous network, and detritus and were surrounded by severe myocardial necrosis. Furthermore, the epicardial and endocardial portions were obstructed by fibrinous network and microclots. Granulocytes were mostly absent on day 16; in addition, the channels were filled with erythrocytes or fibrinous network. On day 150, we observed a string of cicatricial tissue admixed with a polymorphous blood-filled capillary network and small veins, which very rarely had a continuous wrinkled link to the left ventricular cavity. Conclusions We found different stages of wound healing in human nonresponder myocardium after TMR, resulting in scarred tissue that displayed capillary network and dilated venules without evidence of patent and endothelialized laser-created channels. Experimental studies are necessary to analyze the morphological basis for TMR-mediated effects in human responder myocardium.
Fibrogenic effect of oxidative stress on rat hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Letizia D’Ambrosio, Gianna Ferretti, Alessandro Casini, Antonio Di Sario, Renata Salzano, Francesco Ridolfi, Stefania Saccomanno, Anne Marie Jezequel, Antonio Benedetti
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Oxidative stress is associated with liver fibrosis and with hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in vivo. However, it remains controversial whether oxidative stress contributes to HSC activation either directly or through a paracrine stimulation by damaged hepatocytes. A medium containing products released from cells undergoing oxidative stress was obtained after incubation of hepatocytes with (HCM/Fe) or without (HCM) 0.1 mmol/L ferric nitrilotriacetate complex (FeNTA). Exposure of HSC to HCM/Fe for 24 hours significantly increased the number of proliferating HSC compared with HCM and to controls at all dilutions tested. The simultaneous coincubation of HSC with HCM/Fe and desferrioxamine (50 micromol/L) did not reduce the observed increase in cell proliferation, thus excluding a role for eventually contaminating iron in HCM/Fe. HCM/Fe induced also a significant increase in collagen type I accumulation in HSC culture media. To study the cellular mechanism underlying HCM/Fe effects, we evaluated the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger, which plays a role in regulating HSC proliferation. The incubation of HSC for 24 hours with HCM/Fe significantly increased baseline intracellular pH (pHi) and Na+/H+ exchanger activity, indicating a plausible role of this antiport in mediating cell response. In conclusion, hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress release factors which are fibrogenic for HSC, thereby, confirming what has been only hypothesized in vivo. In addition, HSC proliferation is associated with changes in the Na+/H+ exchanger activity, thus providing a useful target for the evaluation of inhibitors of this pathway for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Cytokines, matrix metalloproteases, angiogenic and growth factors in tears of normal subjects and vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients
Authors: A. Leonardi, S. Sathe, M. Bortolotti, A. Beaton, R. Sack
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To detect the presence of multiple mediators and growth factors in tears of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) patients with active disease using stationary phase antibody arrays.Tears were collected from 12 normal subjects (CT) and 24 active VKC patients. Tears were centrifuged and successively probed using three microwell plate arrays specific for: (i) cytokines: interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha; (ii) growth factors: basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor, thrombopoietin, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), keratocyte growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-1 and heparin-binding epithelial growth factor (HB-EGF) and (iii) matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2.Interleukin-8 signals were detected in all CT and highly detected in all VKC samples. The Th2-type cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were detected only in tears of VKC patients. Signals for bFGF, HB-EGF, VEGF and HGF were detected in 41-87% of VKC samples and in few CT samples. Only TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were found in all normal and patient tear samples, whereas MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-10 were highly present in all VKC samples.Stationary phase antibody array methodology was useful for the screening of various cytokines, growth factors and MMPs in tears. These analyses identified in tears of VKC patients previously unreported factors including MMP-3 and MMP-10 and multiple proteases, growth factors and cytokines, which may all play an important role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival inflammation.
Simultaneous study of karyotype and cell morphology in childhood erythroleukemia
Authors: Judith Stamberg, Ann Zaslav, Ashok Shende, Robert Festa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

We followed a 2-year-old girl with erythroleukemia (EL) for 7 months, from the time of her initial diagnosis until her death. Immunophenotyping of bone marrow was negative for markers of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Chromosome study of marrow at diagnosis revealed abnormalities in all mitotic cells, with a clonal karyotype of 48,XX,t(2;12)(p11.2; p13),+6,+21. Subsequent studies showed that the clone rapidly evolved and accumulated additional structural and numerical abnormalities, in spite of intensive chemotherapy during the final months. Simultaneous study of the karyotype and cell morphology of dividing bone marrow cells after 24 hours of in vitro culture, using a technique that preserves cell structure, showed that cells with the chromosome abnormalities were PAS-negative. The combined immunological, cytogenetic, and morphological data indicate that the original malignant cell type was neither myeloblast nor erythroblast but an early progenitor type that rapidly proliferated.
Physiology of the Granulocyte—Part 2
Authors: Seymour Perry
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>Control of Granulocyte Production and Release. —</h3> Humoral regulation of leukocyte production has received special attention recently.<sup>141</sup>Evidence for a leukopoietic or leukocytosis-inducing factor(s) has been obtained from the plasma of animals undergoing repeated leukopheresis or receiving typhoid and paratyphoid vaccine<sup>142</sup>; by the study of isolated rat femora, legs, and spleens<sup>143-145</sup>; from normal and leukemic plasma<sup>146, 147</sup>as well as from injured tumor and normal beef tissues<sup>148-150</sup>; and from the plasma of dogs recovering from drug-induced myelotoxicity.<sup>151</sup>Since a humoral factor(s) has not yet been clearly identified or isolated, controversy still exists concerning whether the observed results obtained with the various substances are due to contamination with endotoxin and whether the cells contributing to the leukocytosis are derived from intravascular marginal sites or from marrow parenchyma.<sup>141,151,152</sup> Other investigators have assigned a major role in leukocyte regulation to removal of the cells from the
The WHIM-like CXCR4S338X somatic mutation activates AKT and ERK, and promotes resistance to ibrutinib and other agents used in the treatment of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Y Cao, Z R Hunter, X Liu, L Xu, G Yang, J Chen, C J Patterson, N Tsakmaklis, S Kanan, S Rodig, J J Castillo, S P Treon
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
High Rotavirus Vaccination Rates Continue to Pay Off
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Rotavirus vaccination continues to reap dividends, with fewer US children hospitalized for diarrheal illness through 2011, according to an analysis published in the journal Pediatrics. (Leshem E et al. Pediatrics. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3849 [published online June 9, 2014]).
Induced Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Howard B. Burchell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> One might be justified in taking umbrage concerning the statement in the editorial, "Wie Niet Waagt, Die Niet Wint" (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:652 [May 25] 1963) concerning effects of an arteriovenous fistula on bone growth in two respects: (1) the possible implication that the cardiac status of previously operated patients, specifically those of Dr. Janes, were not adequately studied, and (2) the implied superiority of a laboratory measurement (which cannot be repeated indefinitely) over the frequent clinical appraisals of the patient. I believe that a careful history from the parents and the child, frequent examination of the child (paying particular attention to the precordial impulse), the nature of any murmur and diastolic sounds, and roentgenological evidence of the size of the heart will be more important than laboratory examinations per se in preventing cardiac catastrophes from the procedure. Very early in my experience with these cases, cardiac catheterizations
Blood-Letting as a Remedy in Acute Scarlatina Dropsy
Authors: J. P. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1870)

Can any one tell us how it is that pneumonic inflammation has changed its type (if it have changed it), and renal inflammation, the effect of scarlatina,ris so very con- servative, still to prefer the old sthenic forms to asthenic ones?It is curious how certain alleged general changes of type should pick and choose in this strange select fashion; always assuming that the change-of-type theory is correct.
Evaluating noncancer effects of trichloroethylene: dosimetry, mode of action, and risk assessment.
Authors: H A Barton, H J Clewell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Alternatives for developing chronic exposure limits for noncancer effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) were evaluated. These alternatives were organized within a framework for dose-response assessment--exposure:dosimetry (pharmacokinetics):mode of action (pharmacodynamics): response. This framework provides a consistent structure within which to make scientific judgments about available information, its interpretation, and use. These judgments occur in the selection of critical studies, internal dose metrics, pharmacokinetic models, approaches for interspecies extrapolation of pharmacodynamics, and uncertainty factors. Potentially limiting end points included developmental eye malformations, liver effects, immunotoxicity, and kidney toxicity from oral exposure and neurological, liver, and kidney effects by inhalation. Each end point was evaluated quantitatively using several methods. Default analyses used the traditional no-observed adverse effect level divided by uncertainty factors and the benchmark dose divided by uncertainty factors methods. Subsequently, mode-of-action and pharmacokinetic information were incorporated. Internal dose metrics were estimated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for TCE and its major metabolites. This approach was notably useful with neurological and kidney toxicities. The human PBPK model provided estimates of human exposure doses for the internal dose metrics. Pharmacodynamic data or default assumptions were used for interspecies extrapolation. For liver and neurological effects, humans appear no more sensitive than rodents when internal dose metrics were considered. Therefore, the interspecies uncertainty factor was reduced, illustrating that uncertainty factors are a semiquantitative approach fitting into the organizational framework. Incorporation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can result in values that differ significantly from those obtained with the default methods.
Reassuring evidence on competency based selection
Authors: Maureen E Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The thiol moiety is prone to oxidative free radical formation, which may be important in mediating the toxicity of some thiol-containing compounds. The oxidation of the compounds cysteine, cysteamine, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, penicillamine, and captopril were studied using ESR and oxygen uptake techniques. Lactoperoxidase, with hydrogen peroxide to provide oxidizing equivalents, was used to initiate the oxidation. The reaction appears to be strongly peroxide dependent, with either exogenous H2O2 or thiol-derived peroxide driving the reaction.