tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Charities call for "public-researcher partnership" in sharing electronic patient data
Authors: L. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2009)

UK charities involved in clinical research have called for greater public participation in the debate on the use of patients’ data, in particular electronic records.

The British Heart Foundation, the Wellcome Trust, and Cancer Research UK warned that clinical trials are being delayed because of problems identifying patients suitable for research projects. Time spent recruiting patients is also eroding the money and time available to spend conducting clinical trials, they said.

Mark Walport, director of the Wellcome Trust, said that patients had “a very strong altruistic view” of the use of their medical records for research.

“Surveys show that most patients want their data to be used,” he said. “The big challenge is …
Epidemiology: Man and Disease
Authors: Fred B. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Beginning with the development of epidemiology and ending with the daily routine of an epidemiologist, this book reveals the broad scope of man and disease in readable fashion. Its authors are a physician (Fox) and nurse (Hall) at the University of Washington in Seattle, and a biostatistician (Elveback) at the University of Minnesota in Rochester. An elementary text, it will be welcome to physicians in practice as well as many other health workers. Principles and methods of epidemiology are covered in 13 chapters, illuminating the causation of disease and its study by scientific means. Chapters one through six are devoted to exposition of principles; the remaining chapters pertain largely to description of methods. Vital statistics—encompassing census, registration, and notification data—are discussed as they relate to epidemiology. Common errors in study design and interpretation of results, techniques of sampling, and the role of statistics in the evaluation of evidence are reviewed.
430 Interferon plus lamivudine versus lamivudine monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B anti-HBE positive
Authors: S. Karatapanis, I. Ketikoglou, L. Skorda, S. Manolakopoulos, K. Komnianides, F. Lisgos, C. Psellas, Th. Kalderi, D. Kipraios, C. Kouvidou, E. Spanos, V. Artikis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Increased glomerular capillary pressure alters glomerular cytokine expression.
Authors: S J Shankland, H Ly, K Thai, J W Scholey
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Increased glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PGC) is an important hemodynamic determinant of glomerular injury, but the molecular events responsible for this association are poorly understood. PGC is normal in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but uninephrectomy leads to an increase in PGC and accelerated glomerulosclerosis. Since recent studies have implicated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and platelet-derived growth factor sought to determine if uninephrectomy increased mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and PDGF in glomeruli of SHR. Since treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril lowers PGC and prevents glomerulosclerosis in uninephrectomized SHR, we also sought to determine if ACE inhibitor lowered mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and PDGF in the glomeruli of uninephrectomized SHR. PGC increased from 53 +/- 1 to 64 +/- 1 mm Hg 1 week after uninephrectomy in SHR (P &lt; .05). The increase in PGC was associated with a sixfold rise in mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and a twofold rise in mRNA levels for PDGF in glomeruli. mRNA levels for PDGF returned to normal 2 weeks after nephrectomy, but the increase in mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 was sustained. An increase in TGF-beta 1 immunostaining was detectable in glomeruli 4 weeks after nephrectomy. Treatment with ACE inhibitor normalized PGC (51 +/- 1 mm Hg) and prevented the rise in glomerular mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and PDGF. We conclude that an acute increase in PGC leads to increased TGF-beta 1 and PDGF expression in the glomerulus, thus linking changes in PGC to cytokine gene expression.
Long-term delivery of superoxide dismutase and catalase entrapped in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: In vitro effects on isolated neonatal porcine pancreatic cell clusters
Authors: S GIOVAGNOLI, G LUCA, I CASABURI, P BLASI, G MACCHIARULO, M RICCI, M CALVITTI, G BASTA, R CALAFIORE, C ROSSI
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Regional Osteoporosis in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Steven Grinspoon, Anne Klibanski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 November 2001Regional Osteoporosis in Anorexia NervosaSteven Grinspoon, MD and Anne Klibanski, MDSteven Grinspoon, MDHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114 (Grinspoon, Klibanski)Search for more papers by this author and Anne Klibanski, MDHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114 (Grinspoon, Klibanski)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Mehler's comments. We have previously shown that leptin levels are tightly regulated by adipose tissue in women with the restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa (1). Recently, Ducy and colleagues (2) demonstrated that leptin itself may inhibit bone formation through central mechanisms in leptin-deficient and wild-type mice. In women with anorexia nervosa, we have found that low leptin levels are associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis (1). Therefore, we believe that in this population, leptin is more likely to be a marker of fat loss and generalized undernutrition than a determinant of bone density. We agree ...References1. Grinspoon S, Gulick T, Askari H, Landt M, Lee K, Anderson E, et al . Serum leptin levels in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:3861-3. [PMID: 8923829] MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, et al . Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell. 2000;100:197-207. [PMID: 10660043] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Mundy GR. Secondary osteoporosis: the potential relevance of leptin and low body weight [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:828-30. [PMID: 11085846] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Klibanski A, Biller BM, Schoenfeld DA, Herzog DB, Saxe VC. The effects of estrogen administration on trabecular bone loss in young women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:898-904. [PMID: 7883849] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven Grinspoon, MD; Anne Klibanski, MDAffiliations: Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02114 (Grinspoon, Klibanski) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrevalence and Predictive Factors for Regional Osteopenia in Women with Anorexia Nervosa Steven Grinspoon , Elizabeth Thomas , Sarah Pitts , Erin Gross , Diane Mickley , Karen Miller , David Herzog , and Anne Klibanski Regional Osteoporosis in Anorexia Nervosa Philip S. Mehler Metrics Cited byComplicações clínicas da anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa 6 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 9Page: 844KeywordsAnorexia nervosaBone densityBone resorptionEstrogensLeptinMalnutritionNutritionOsteopeniaOsteoporosisPatients ePublished: 6 November 2001 Issue Published: 6 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Comfort care for terminally ill patients. The appropriate use of nutrition and hydration
Authors: R. M. McCann
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the frequency of symptoms of hunger and thirst in a group of terminally ill patients and determine whether these symptoms could be palliated without forced feeding, forced hydration, or parenteral alimentation.Prospective evaluation of consecutively admitted terminally ill patients treated in a comfort care unit.Ten-bed comfort care unit in a 471-bed long-term care facility.Mentally aware, competent patients with terminal illnesses monitored from time of admission to time of death while residing in the comfort care unit.Symptoms of hunger, thirst, and dry mouth were recorded, and the amounts and types of food and fluids necessary to relieve these symptoms were documented. The subjective level of comfort was assessed longitudinally in all patients.Of the 32 patients monitored during the 12 months of study, 20 patients (63%) never experienced any hunger, while 11 patients (34%) had symptoms only initially. Similarly, 20 patients (62%) experienced either no thirst or thirst only initially during their terminal illness. In all patients, symptoms of hunger, thirst, and dry mouth could be alleviated, usually with small amounts of food, fluids, and/or by the application of ice chips and lubrication to the lips. Comfort care included use of narcotics for relief of pain or shortness of breath in 94% of patients.In this series, patients terminally ill with cancer generally did not experience hunger and those who did needed only small amounts of food for alleviation. Complaints of thirst and dry mouth were relieved with mouth care and sips of liquids far less than that needed to prevent dehydration. Food and fluid administration beyond the specific requests of patients may play a minimal role in providing comfort to terminally ill patients.
Reporting Discrepancies Between the ClinicalTrials.gov Results Database and Peer-Reviewed Publications
Authors: Daniel M. Hartung, Deborah A. Zarin, Jeanne-Marie Guise, Marian McDonagh, Robin Paynter, Mark Helfand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: ClinicalTrials.gov requires reporting of result summaries for many drug and device trials. Purpose: To evaluate the consistency of reporting of trials that are registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov results database and published in the literature. Data Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov results database and matched publications identified through ClinicalTrials.gov and a manual search of 2 electronic databases. Study Selection: 10% random sample of phase 3 or 4 trials with results in the ClinicalTrials.gov results database, completed before 1 January 2009, with 2 or more groups. Data Extraction: One reviewer extracted data about trial design and results from the results database and matching publications. A subsample was independently verified. Data Synthesis: Of 110 trials with results, most were industry-sponsored, parallel-design drug studies. The most common inconsistency was the number of secondary outcome measures reported (80%). Sixteen trials (15%) reported the primary outcome description inconsistently, and 22 (20%) reported the primary outcome value inconsistently. Thirty-eight trials inconsistently reported the number of individuals with a serious adverse event (SAE); of these, 33 (87%) reported more SAEs in ClinicalTrials.gov. Among the 84 trials that reported SAEs in ClinicalTrials.gov, 11 publications did not mention SAEs, 5 reported them as zero or not occurring, and 21 reported a different number of SAEs. Among 29 trials that reported deaths in ClinicalTrials.gov, 28% differed from the matched publication. Limitation: Small sample that included earliest results posted to the database. Conclusion: Reporting discrepancies between the ClinicalTrials.gov results database and matching publications are common. Which source contains the more accurate account of results is unclear, although ClinicalTrials.gov may provide a more comprehensive description of adverse events than the publication. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Proflavine and acriflavine.
Authors: C. H. Browning
Journal: BMJ (1967)

In 1965 routine virus studies in the Blackburn group of hospitals showed that not only polio virus, both wild and vaccine strains, were isolated but also the following entero- viruses: Coxsackie types A5, A9, B3, B4, and B5.E.C.H.O.types 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, and 22.Most of these cases occurred during July, August, and September.Infants infected with rubella in utero harbour the virus after they are born, and it can be isolated and even infect other susceptible individuals.We felt it worth while, therefore, to see if we could culture any enteroviruses from foetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths where the first trimester of pregnancy coincided in whole or in part with the enterovirus outbreak.This was done in 23 cases and selection was random.In one case faeces only of a child who survived with an abnormality were examined.Investigation was not confined to infants who were con- genitally abnormal.Brain, lungs, faeces, and placenta were examined by conventional methods, being inoculated into monkey-kidney, human- amnion, and Hela-cell cultures.The foetal tissues and placentas were examined for histological changes.All results were negative except for one case.This was a full-term stillborn infant who had shown foetal distress.E.C.H.O.virus type 3 was isolated but the histology was negative.The mother's blood was examined in November 1966 and no E.C.H.O.antibodies were demonstrated.
Increased Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 4 Expression Mediates Intrinsic Airway Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Asthma
Authors: Amanda Sutcliffe, Fay Hollins, Edith Gomez, Ruth Saunders, Camille Doe, Marcus Cooke, R. A. John Challiss, Chris E. Brightling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Asthma is characterized by disordered airway physiology as a consequence of increased airway smooth muscle contractility. The underlying cause of this hypercontractility is poorly understood.Objectives: We sought to investigate whether the burden of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle in asthma is heightened and mediated by an intrinsic abnormality promoting hypercontractility.Methods: We examined the oxidative stress burden of airway smooth muscle in bronchial biopsies and primary cells from subjects with asthma and healthy controls. We determined the expression of targets implicated in the control of oxidative stress in airway smooth muscle and their role in contractility.Measurements and Main Results: We found that the oxidative stress burden in the airway smooth muscle in individuals with asthma is heightened and related to the degree of airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. This was independent of the asthmatic environment as in vitro primary airway smooth muscle from individuals with asthma compared with healthy controls demonstrated increased oxidative stress–induced DNA damage together with an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Genome-wide microarray of primary airway smooth muscle identified increased messenger RNA expression in asthma of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subtype 4. This NOX4 overexpression in asthma was supported by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, confirmed at the protein level. Airway smooth muscle from individuals with asthma exhibited increased agonist-induced contraction. This was abrogated by NOX4 small interfering RNA knockdown and the pharmacological inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin.Conclusions: Our findings support a critical role for NOX4 overexpression in asthma in the promotion of oxidative stress and consequent airway smooth muscle hypercontractility. This implicates NOX4 as a potential novel target for asthma therapy.
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: E. L. Quinn, J. M. Colville
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SINCE penicillin was first successfully employed in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis, a relatively large and comprehensive literature concerning the use of this agent in bacterial endocarditis has been recorded.1 2 3 4 5 6 It has been generally accepted that penicillin is the therapeutic agent of choice in this disease, that moderately large doses of penicillin must be administered and that a relatively prolonged period of treatment is required to effect maximal therapeutic response. Numerous therapeutic regimens have been employed with varying degrees of success, but today there is no unanimity of opinion regarding the optimal form, dose and route of administration of penicillin . . .
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Concentrating Both Tc-99m Sodium Pertechnetate and 1-131 Iodide
Authors: KURT E. TECH, LAWRENCE DAVIS, HOWARD DWORKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Thyroid carcinoma concentrating both Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate and radioactive iodine is a rare occurrence. This report describes such a case. It is somewhat different from previous reports in that the carcinoma had tracer uptake equal to that of the remaining normal thyroid gland on both isotope studies. It also occurred in the pediatric age group and followed external radiation therapy. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.
Anaphylactic Reactions to Hydrocortisone Injections
Authors: J. A. O'Garra
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Serious complications following primary vaccination in adults are known to be rare, but systemic reactions with fever, general malaise, and headache are common.Many of our patients felt unwell for one or two days but only eight were so incapacitated that they asked to be visited at home.One of these had generalized eczema vaccinata which necessitated admission to the university sanatorium.This patient had a history of mild eczema and had still wished to be vaccinated.
DISABILITY EVALUATION OF HALLUCINATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
Authors: JOSEPH LERNER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Capacity to function in a work setting is the crucial issue in the evaluation of the existence of a disability resulting from a psychiatric illness. The diagnosis is not sufficient unless accompanied by clinical findings establishing substantial and persistent loss of function. The evaluation of hallucinations as a part of psychiatric illness may be a particular source of difficulty. Transient episodes of hallucinations may not, in themselves, establish substantial and persistent loss of functional capacity for work. The elicitation of evidence of hallucinations in a clinical setting is somewhat complicated by the fact that a large segment of the population has been exposed to psychiatric nomenclature and procedures. The basic issue is to establish clinically that the hallucinatory phenomena significantly impair the predictability and effectiveness of the patient's vocational adjustment.
Routine Childhood Varicella Vaccination
Authors: Robert Roger Lebel
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In support of the laudable conclusion favoring a program of varicella vaccination,<sup>1</sup>I would like to point out an area in which Dr Lieu and coauthors may have underestimated the benefits: untoward outcome of pregnancy complicated by chickenpox. A significant proportion of exposed fetuses are either stillborn or severely and permanently handicapped. One such case was reported recently from this region.<sup>2</sup>Varicella pneumonia also may be fatal to the pregnant woman.<sup>3</sup>
Care is required with cost effectiveness approach
Authors: C. Cates
Journal: BMJ (2000)

NHS Direct Doctors may gain time to use their true skills if people start using NHS DirectEditor-O'Cathain et al's paper confirming that advice offered by nurses through NHS Direct was useful to callers 1 should make us question the generally hostile opinions on this service propounded in free publications that derive their income from pharmaceutical advertising. 2elephone advice can form an important part of an NHS that needs to meet people's concerns, even if some of these concerns seem trivial to doctors working under pressure.The primary end point of NHS Direct should be whether it meets the needs of its callers for information not whether it reduces work for any sector of the medical profession.If an increasingly information hungry population cannot get information from the NHS it will turn to other sources, which may be less reliable or relevant.Too often, medical staff see their role as tough gatekeepers of the NHS, excluding a public that would demand too much.This demeans the public and those working in the front line of the NHS.If the NHS develops several different front doors doctors may be freed to use their skills without waging a continual battle to persuade members of the public that they do not need further investigation, treatment, or referral.
The Discovery of Dicumarol and Its Sequels
Authors: KARL PAUL LINK
Journal: Circulation (1959)

THE STORY of Dieumarol* has been told several times by me in the past 17 years, and often by others.Like any good story it need not be told in exactly the same manner each time.In Wisconsin it has become a kind of legend.I shall consider only the high water marks of certain chapters.Fortunately the basic scientific facts on the discovery and development have already been thoroughly recorded1-6 so that little new in- formation on Dieumarol and its sequels needs to be revealed here.However, when I do introduce new material it will be restricted to that which is documented or sustainable via iemoranda or letters.The story begins some 36 years ago on the prairies of North Dakota and in Alberta, Can- ada.In the 1920's a new malady of eattle in- volving fatal bleeding showed up almost si- multaneously in these areas.The veterinarians, Schofield and Roderick, were forced to con- elude that the cause of the disease was neither a pathogenic organism nor a nutritional de- ficiency.The origin of the new malady was traced to stacks of sweet clover hay mysteriously gone bad.Hence the disease became known in veterinary practice as "sweet clover disease" and it was found that it was caused only by improperly cured hay made from the common varieties of sweet clover.When first observed this disease was in a sense without parallel in animal pathology or human medi- cine.When cattle or sheep ate the spoiled hay the disease slowly became manifest by a progressive diminution in the clotting power of the blood (about 15 days) and resultant internal hemorrhage which usually became fatal in about 30 to 50 days.
Narrowband UVB phototherapy
Authors: H. Cameron, R. Dawe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Koek and colleagues’ study should encourage others to implement supervised home ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy for psoriasis and other conditions.1 We reported pilot studies of home phototherapy using narrowband UVB, which is more effective for psoriasis than broadband UVB.2 3

We now have over 10 years’ experience of home phototherapy, with 16 home …
Simulation of Cough in Man by Magnetic Stimulation of the Thoracic Nerve Roots
Authors: D. KYROUSSIS, M. I. POLKEY, G. H. MILLS, P. D. HUGHES, J. MOXHAM, M. GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Normal cough requires abdominal muscle contraction. We have previously reported contraction of the abdominal muscles elicited by a single percutaneous magnetic stimulation of the thoracic nerve roots. We hypothesized that paired magnetic twitches could generate sufficient tension in the abdominal muscles to simulate cough. Therefore, six normal subjects were stimulated at the T10 intervertebral level in the seated position. We measured the gastric pressure elicited by paired magnetic stimuli (pTw Pga) with interstimulus intervals in the range of 10 ms (100 Hz) to 999 ms (1 Hz). In the second part of the study we evaluated paired stimuli (at the frequency found to produce the greatest response) using a valve to simulate the function of the glottis; the valve was arranged such that it opened once mouth pressure exceeded a predetermined threshold. Mean pTw Pga during stimulation for the 6 subjects was 74 cm H2O (range, 30-109), and mean peak flow was 209 L/min (range, 128-345 L/min). These values were increased if the subject took a prior inspiration or had previously made a vigorous expiratory effort. Comparable values for a maximal natural cough were 212 cm H2O and 649 L/min. We conclude that paired magnetic thoracic nerve root stimulation produces gastric pressure and expiratory flow of an order of magnitude comparable to a natural cough.