tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Acute Severe Hypertension in Children
Authors: Larry G. McLain
Journal: JAMA (1978)

FORTUNATELY for those dealing with health care problems in children, hypertensive emergencies and the attending complications are not seen as frequently in children as they are in adults.<sup>1</sup>However, that does not lessen the seriousness of a hypertensive crisis when it does occur.<sup>2</sup>The clinical condition of acute severe hypertension is being seen more frequently in pediatric patients. The increase in this condition is due primarily to the severe arterial hypertension found in children who have received a kidney transplant. Table 1 lists many of the conditions in children that may be associated with a sudden and severe rise in arterial blood pressure (BP). Although poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is the most common clinical condition in which acute hypertension is found, many centers are reporting severe episodes of acute hypertension in postrenal transplant patients. Also, with a better survival rate in infants with hemolytic uremic syndrome, the problem of severe
Cerebral Embolization Complicating Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Jerrold D. Hydovitz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The short report by Giddings and Surks (240:2567, 1978) regarding cerebral embolization complicating hyperthyroidism is provocative. The data supplied do not permit a choice among hypoprothrombinemia, thrombocytopenia associated with quinidine administration, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, the autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated with Graves' disease1and Hashimoto's thyroiditis,2or some other aberration in the coagulation mechanism as a cause for the patient's hemorrhagic manifestations.  In any event, a word of caution is in order regarding the authors' suggestion about the possible merit in the use of anticoagulants to preclude embolic phenomena in the treatment of patients with thyrotoxicosis who have arrhythmias or other cardiac complications. Hypoprothrombinemia has been reported to occur in association with thyrotoxicosis, and the administration of dextrothyroxine sodium has been suspected of accelerating the degradation rate of one or more of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.3Additionally, propylthiouracil has on rare occasions
The Death of a Baby: Neither Forgiven Nor Forgotten
Authors: Burt Feilich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Here is a different perspective on the article by Hickson et al.<sup>1</sup>I am a plaintiffs negligence attorney, experienced in medical malpractice defense, and am married to a physician. My wife was pregnant with our first child. We used an obstetrician-gynecologist group that employed a classmate of hers. During the pregnancy, that associate left the group without our knowledge. We decided to remain with the group since they were familiar with her prenatal care. In my wife's 37th week, the doctor thought the fetus was in a breech position. If its position did not change, he said, a cesarean section would be indicated. No cesarean was scheduled. At my wife's next appointment, she was examined by a physician who was not familiar with her case. The fetus was still in a breech position, and again no cesarean date was scheduled, nor were special instructions or tests
Admissions for myocardial infarction and World Cup football: database survey
Authors: D. Carroll
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine hospital admissions for a range of diagnoses on days surrounding England9s 1998 World Cup football matches. <b>Design:</b> Analysis of hospital admissions obtained from English hospital episode statistics. <b>Setting:</b> England. <b>Participants:</b> Population aged 15-64 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Ratio of number of admissions for acute myocardial infarction, stroke, deliberate self harm, and road traffic injuries on the day of and five days after England9s World Cup matches, compared with admissions at the same time in previous and following years and in the month preceding the tournament. <b>Results:</b> Risk of admission for acute myocardial infarction increased by 25% on 30 June 1998 (the day England lost to Argentina in a penalty shoot-out) and the following two days. No excess admissions occurred for other diagnoses or on the days of the other England matches. The effect was the same when only the two days after the match were treated as the exposed condition. Individual analyses of the day of and the two days after the Argentina match showed 55 extra admissions for myocardial infarctions compared with the number expected. <b>Conclusion:</b> The increase in admissions suggests that myocardial infarction can be triggered by emotional upset, such as watching your football team lose an important match. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Physical and emotional triggers, such as environmental disasters and vigorous physical exercise, can precipitate acute myocardial infarction An increase in cardiovascular mortality among Dutch men was associated with the 1996 European championship match between the Netherlands and France <h3>What this study adds</h3> Admissions for myocardial infarction increased on the day England was eliminated from the 1998 World Cup by Argentina in a penalty shoot-out and on the two subsequent days No effect was seen on admissions for other diagnoses or after other matches These data support the hypothesis that intense emotional reactions can trigger myocardial infarction
Excessive Mortality and Causes of Death in Morbidly Obese Men
Authors: Ernst J. Drenick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A group of 200 morbidly obese men (average weight, 143.5 kg; age, 23 to 70 years) were admitted to a weight control program between 1960 and 1977 and were followed up for a mean period of 7 1/2 years. There was complete follow-up until the termination of the study or until death for 185 men. Fifteen men were followed up for fractional periods. Fifty of the 200 died during the course of the study. Life-table techniques, comparing the mortality among the obese with that among men in the general population, demonstrated a 12-fold excess mortality in the obese in the age group 25 to 34 years and a sixfold excess in the age group 35 to 44 years. This ratio diminished with advancing age. Cardiovascular disease was reported as the cause of death more frequently and malignancies less frequently than they were for men in the US general population. (<i>JAMA</i>243:443-445, 1980)
Hematologic Aspects of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: DANIEL R. BUDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Anemia occurs in more than one half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is usually attributed to "chronic disease." Approximately 10% of patients with a positive Coombs' test manifest clinically significant hemolysis. Leukopenia affects both granulocytic and lymphocytic lines and may be caused by autoantibodies. Nevertheless, enhancement of B lymphocyte function occurs in active disease, perhaps due to a loss of regulatory T cells. Most patients have increased production and increased peripheral destruction of thrombocytes, with a normal circulation platelet count. Thrombocytopenia is usually caused by increased destruction. Qualitative abnormalities of platelet aggregation also occur. Circulation anticoagulants are not rare; however, spontaneous bleeding is uncommon. The anticoagulants, immunoglobulins directed against clotting factors, assume importance for invasive procedures. Most clinically significant hematopoietic abnormalities can be suppressed by corticosteroids; however, splenectomy, or immunosuppressive agents, or both, may be indicated for patients who respond inadequately to corticosteroids.
Hormones and Connective Tissue
Authors: Hubert R. Catchpole
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The action of hormones on connective tissue is an important topic. It is disagreeable to have to report that, in the opinion of this reviewer, this book does not measure up to the subject. Omnibus authorship is the characteristic disease of modern texts, but inasmuch as the present authors are all, according to the preface, affiliated with the University of Copenhagen, it is unfortunate that the distinguished editor did not exercise tighter control over his contributors. Furthermore, the chapter arrangement appears to be based on some principle of pure randomization. An introductory chapter which would have placed the connective tissues in a rational setting as to composition and organization would have helped a little. As it is, not until page 224 is it made apparent that connective tissues actually include cells, fibers, and ground substance. And the latter nearly everywhere appears to be equated with the single group of acid
Increased serum levels of pentosidine, but not carboxymethyl lysine, in type 2 diabetes without obvious diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: M Daimon, Y Ono, T Saito, H Yamaguchi, A Hirata, H Ohnuma, M Igarashi, H Eguchi, H Manaka, T Kato
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)
Dextro Propoxyphene Addiction
Authors: Abraham Elson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

DEXTRO PROPOXYPHENE HYDROCHLORIDE (Darvon) is a well-known synthetic, nonantipyretic, orally effective analgesic compound which was introduced into therapeutics as a substitute for codeine in 1957. 1 Since that time, and in spite of its rather widespread use, no documented cases of dextro propoxyphene addiction have appeared. Thus the early studies 2-4 suggesting that this drug has few addictive qualities seem to have been verified by the general clinical use of the drug. Nevertheless, although not widely appreciated, it is a fact that dextro propoxyphene hydrochloride can partially suppress the morphine abstinence syndrome in both monkeys 5 and man. 6 Therefore, a potential habituation to, or physical dependence syndrome on, this agent should be suspected in any case of excessive use of this drug.  It is the purpose of this communication to report our experience with one patient psychically dependent on dextro propoxyphene hydrochloride who showed some evidence of tolerance and
Clinical and Physiologic Implications of the Steroid-Induced Peptic Ulcer
Authors: H. M. Spiro, S. S. Milles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

STRESS and anxiety figure prominently in the background of peptic ulcer. The increased frequency of peptic ulcer after the administration of steroids appeared to justify speculation that the link between anxiety and peptic ulcer might be the adrenal glands. This paper will consider the clinical characteristics of the steroid ulcer and the physiologic and pharmacologic background for any such concept. The term "steroid ulcer" will be used to mean an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum that first becomes manifest during steroid therapy.Clinical AspectsHow frequent are steroid ulcers? Although the incidence of peptic ulcer in the general population . . .
Study Design, Publication Outcome, and Funding of Research Presented at International Congresses on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication
Authors: Mario Malicki, Erik von Elm, Ana Marušic
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Benjamin Kasenda, MD; Erik von Elm, MD, MSc; John You, MD, MSc; Anette Blümle, PhD; Yuki Tomonaga, MSc; Ramon Saccilotto, MD, MSc; Alain Amstutz, BSc; Theresa Bengough, BSc; Joerg J. Meerpohl, MD; Mihaela Stegert, MD; Kari A. O. Tikkinen, MD, PhD; Ignacio Neumann, MD, MSc; Alonso Carrasco-Labra, MD, MSc; Markus Faulhaber, MD, MSc; Sohail M. Mulla, BSc; Dominik Mertz, MD, MSc; Elie A. Akl, MD, PhD, MPH; Dirk Bassler, MD, MSc; Jason W. Busse, DC, PhD; Ignacio Ferreira-González, MD, PhD; Francois Lamontagne, MD, MSc; Alain Nordmann, MD, MSc; Viktoria Gloy, PhD; Heike Raatz, MD, MSc; Lorenzo Moja, MD, MSc; Rachel Rosenthal, MD, MSc; Shanil Ebrahim, PhD; Stefan Schandelmaier, MD; Sun Xin, PhD; Per O. Vandvik, MD, PhD; Bradley C. Johnston, PhD; Martin A. Walter, MD; Bernard Burnand, MD, MSc; Matthias Schwenkglenks, PhD; Lars G. Hemkens, MD; Heiner C. Bucher, MD, MPH; Gordon H. Guyatt, MD, MSc; Matthias Briel, MD, MSc
Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Clinical immunology is not a traditional medical specialty at all. Clinical immunology is an intellectual territory divided into tiny bits among pulmonologists, neurologists, oncologists, nephrologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, rheumatologists, clinical laboratory directors, allergists, nutritionists, hematologists, ophthalmologists who have a special interest in the anterior chamber, and many more, all intensely concerned. Each clinical specialty takes over a small piece of the territory for elaborate development, and it is a daunting task for any editor to bring the little pieces back together. Even in a 2250-page book in two heavy volumes, edited carefully by experts, it is not possible to bring unity to this awkward field. Clinical scholars may consider limiting their close study to the more coherent field of basic immunology. Clever readers will compare this text to William E. Paul's shorter and simpler<i>Fundamental Immunology</i>(Raven Press, 1993), which originates in the same research centers and draws on many of
A STUDY OF THE ACUTE INFECTIONS OF THE THROAT AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Authors: D. F. SMILEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The problems involved in the occurrence and spread of the acute respiratory infections are so urgent and yet so complex that any contribution to the subject, no matter how small, has been deemed worth the publishing.  A monthly record of the acute infections of the throat and respiratory system has been kept for the last four years at the Cornell University medical adviser's office. This record has shown, year after year, a gradual rise to a maximum number of cases in January, February or March, and a gradual fall as summer approaches. The accompanying chart and Table 1 show that the year 1919-1920 was apparently an epidemic year for these diseases, and that this was followed by a year with few such infections. The year 1921-1922 shows a slightly increasing prevalence, and 1922-1923 shows the infections again assuming epidemic proportions.    Table 2 gives an idea of the relative importance of
Strain dependency of B and T lymphoma development in immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer (E mu)-myc transgenic mice.
Authors: K Yukawa, H Kikutani, T Inomoto, M Uehira, S H Bin, K Akagi, K Yamamura, T Kishimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The transgenic mice were produced by injecting eggs of B6 and C3H/HeJ mice with the human E mu-myc gene. Preferential development of B lymphomas was observed in the B6 transgenic mice, whereas the C3H/HeJ transgenic mice developed mostly T lymphomas. The phenotypic activation of B lineage cells but not of T lineage cells was detected in the prelymphomatous transgenic mice of both strains. The transgene was similarly expressed in B and T cells of the transgenic mice of both strains. These results suggest that a high incidence of T lymphomas in the C3H/HeJ transgenic mice may not be due to the preferential activation of or the preferential E mu-myc expression in T lymphocytes. When the bone marrow or fetal liver cells from the prelymphomatous transgenic mice of both strains were transferred into irradiated normal C3H/HeJ mice, most of the recipients developed T lymphomas. Moreover, even when irradiated B6 mice received the hematopoietic stem cells from the prelymphomatous B6 transgenic mice, the incidence of T lymphoma increased up to 50%. These findings suggest that B6 and C3H/HeJ mice might provide the environment that supports the development or growth of B and T lymphomas, respectively, and that such an environment could be modified by irradiation of the mice.
Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole Therapy
Authors: Neil H. Shear
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 July 1996Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole TherapyNeil H. Shear, MDNeil H. Shear, MDUniversity of Toronto Medical School, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Pappas and colleagues [1] would have been more accurately called “Telogen Effluvium Caused by Systemic Fungal Infection.” Telogen effluvium (or defluvium) [2] is an often-dramatic diffuse loss of hair from the scalp that results from a disproportionately large number of follicles simultaneously entering the resting telogen stage of the hair cycle. This condition classically occurs 2 to 4 months after a stressful event such as pregnancy, infection, or trauma. Systemic fungal illness could be included among such stressful events, and the observation that patients began to lose hair a median of 3 months after ...References1. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Perfect J, Johnson PC, McKinsey DS, Bamberger DM, et al. Alopecia associated with fluconazole therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:354-7. Google Scholar2. Bertolino AP, Freedberg IM. Disorders of epidermal appendages and related disorders. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IM, Austen KF, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993:685-6. Google Scholar3. Pillans PI, Woods DJ. Drug-associated alopecia. Int J Dermatol. 1995; 34:149-58. Google Scholar4. Shear NH. Diagnosing cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs. Arch Dermatol. 1990; 126:94-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Toronto Medical School, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Administration of Azole Antifungal AgentsExamination of Fluconazole-Induced Alopecia in an Animal Model and Human Cohort 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 153KeywordsAdverse eventsAdverse reactionsDrugsPregnancy Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Chemotherapy-Induced Activation of ADAM-17: A Novel Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Joan N. Kyula, Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Joanne Doherty, Catherine S. Fenning, Daniel B. Longley, Patrick G. Johnston
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

We have shown previously that exposure to anticancer drugs can trigger the activation of human epidermal receptor survival pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we examined the role of ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) and soluble growth factors in this acute drug resistance mechanism.In vitro and in vivo models of CRC were assessed. ADAM-17 activity was measured using a fluorometric assay. Ligand shedding was assessed by ELISA or Western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blotting.Chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil) treatment resulted in acute increases in transforming growth factor-alpha, amphiregulin, and heregulin ligand shedding in vitro and in vivo that correlated with significantly increased ADAM-17 activity. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing and pharmacologic inhibition confirmed that ADAM-17 was the principal ADAM involved in this prosurvival response. Furthermore, overexpression of ADAM-17 significantly decreased the effect of chemotherapy on tumor growth and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that ADAM-17 not only regulated phosphorylation of human epidermal receptors but also increased the activity of a number of other growth factor receptors, such as insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.Chemotherapy acutely activates ADAM-17, which results in growth factor shedding, growth factor receptor activation, and drug resistance in CRC tumors. Thus, pharmacologic inhibition of ADAM-17 in conjunction with chemotherapy may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of CRC.
Dioxin and the Sex Ratio
Authors: PH Jongbloet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The question of how exposure to dioxins might affect only males and why it affects preferentially male embryos in the Seveso data presented by Mocarelli et al. remains intriguing. This enigma can be explained by the ovopathy concept, which addresses the determination of both the sex and the condition of the progeny. Antiandrogenic properties of dioxin alter the sperm-transit time and mating behavior, which provoke delay of fertilization of the oocyte (postovulatory overripeness of the oocyte). Antiestrogenic properties of dioxin during mid-cycle compromise both mucus liquefaction and maturation of the oocyte (preovulatory overripeness ovopathy). A positive dose-response of male-biased pathologic conceptuses is often followed by a negative one due to "vanishing male conceptuses." This dose-response fallacy is present in animal experiments and explains many otherwise unexplained phenomena related to dioxin contamination and other high-risk conceptions.
School Nursing
Authors: Howard L. Taras
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA-dependent translation and replication of a chimeric HCV poliovirus using synthetic stabilized ribozymes
Authors: Dennis G. Macejak, Kristi L. Jensen, Sharon F. Jamison, Kristal Domenico, Elisabeth C. Roberts, Nilabh Chaudhary, Ira von Carlowitz, Laurent Bellon, Myron J. Tong, Andrew Conrad, Pamela A. Pavco, Lawrence M. Blatt
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that can be designed to cleave specific RNA sequences. To investigate the potential use of synthetic stabilized ribozymes for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we designed and synthesized hammerhead ribozymes targeting 15 conserved sites in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of HCV RNA. This region forms an internal ribosome entry site that allows for efficient translation of the HCV polyprotein. The 15 synthetic ribozymes contained modified nucleotides and linkages that stabilize the molecules against nuclease degradation. All 15 ribozymes were tested for their ability to reduce expression in an HCV 5' UTR/luciferase reporter system and for their ability to inhibit replication of an HCV-poliovirus (HCV-PV) chimera. Treatment with several ribozymes resulted in significant down-regulation of HCV 5' UTR/luciferase reporter expression (range 40% to 80% inhibition, P <.05). Moreover, several ribozymes showed significant inhibition (>90%, P <.001) of chimeric HCV-PV replication. We further show that the inhibitory activity of ribozymes targeting site 195 of HCV RNA exhibits a sequence-specific dose response, requires an active catalytic ribozyme core, and is dependent on the presence of the HCV 5' UTR. Treatment with synthetic stabilized anti-HCV ribozymes has the potential to aid patients who are infected with HCV by reducing the viral burden through specific targeting and cleavage of the viral genome.