tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Specific effects of bortezomib against experimental malignant pleural effusion: a preclinical study
Authors: Ioannis Psallidas, Sophia P Karabela, Charalampos Moschos, Taylor P Sherrill, Androniki Kollintza, Sophia Magkouta, Panagiota Theodoropoulou, Charis Roussos, Timothy S Blackwell, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Georgios T Stathopoulos
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background We have previously shown that nuclear factor (NF)- κ B activation of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) specifically promotes the induction of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) by these cells. In the present studies we hypothesized that treatment of immunocompetent mice with bortezomib tailored to inhibit cancer cell NF- κ B activation and not proliferation specifically inhibits MPE formation by LLC cells. Results Treatment of LLC cells with low concentrations of bortezomib (100 ng/ml) inhibited NF- κ B activation and NF- κ B-dependent transcription, but not cellular proliferation. Bortezomib treatment of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC-induced subcutaneous tumors and MPEs significantly blocked tumor-specific NF- κ B activation. However, bortezomib treatment did not impair subcutaneous LLC tumor growth, but was effective in limiting LLC-induced MPE. This specific effect was evidenced by significant reductions in effusion accumulation and the associated mortality and was observed with both preventive (beginning before MPE formation) and therapeutic (beginning after MPE establishment) bortezomib treatment. The favorable impact of bortezomib on MPE was associated with suppression of cardinal MPE-associated phenomena, such as inflammation, vascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. In this regard, therapeutic bortezomib treatment had identical favorable results on MPE compared with preventive treatment, indicating that the drug specifically counteracts effusion formation. Conclusions These studies indicate that proteasome inhibition tailored to block NF- κ B activation of lung adenocarcinoma specifically targets the effusion-inducing phenotype of this tumor. Although the drug has limited activity against advanced solid lung cancer, it may prove beneficial for patients with MPE.
Ribavirin exposure after the first dose is predictive of sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Véronique Loustaud-Ratti, Sophie Alain, Annick Rousseau, Isabelle Fouchard Hubert, François Ludovic Sauvage, Pierre Marquet, François Denis, Françoise Lunel, Paul Calès, Annie Lefebvre, Anne-Laure Fauchais, Eric Liozon, Elisabeth Vidal
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The impact of ribavirin exposure on sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C is unknown. Preliminary studies showed marked inter-individual variability of ribavirin concentrations despite dose adjustment for body weight (BW) and suggested there was a correlation between single time point concentrations and SVR. None of them evaluated the global exposure to ribavirin. This study was conducted to determine whether early ribavirin global exposure is related with SVR. An exploratory pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) study was conducted in genotype 1 hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin (dose-adjusted for BW) for 12 weeks, to which amantadine was added for the following 36 weeks. Full and abbreviated ribavirin area under the concentration time curves (AUC0–12h, AUC0–4h) were derived from plasma concentration profiles at day 0 (D0), week 12 (W12), W12 + 1 day, and W24. Virological follow-up was performed at D0 (0, 12, and 24 hours), W2, W4, W6, and monthly until W72 (TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, cut-off 15 international units/mL). Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in the study and 24 completed it. Patients with a SVR had a significantly higher D0 AUC0–12h (3695 [1571–6916] versus 2937 [1266–4913] μg/hour/L, P = 0.03) and D0 AUC0–4h (2010 [615–3175] versus 1340 [622–2246] μg/hour/L, P = 0.03). Patients with D0 AUCs above the cut-off values defined by receiver operating characteristic curves (3014 μg/hour/L and 1755 μg/hour/L for AUC0–12h and AUC0–4h, respectively) had a significantly better chance of achieving an SVR than patients with AUCs under the thresholds (odds ratio = 16.0, 95% confidence interval 1.54–166.6, P = 0.02 and odds ratio = 8.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.4–56.6; P = 0.02). Conclusion : Ribavirin exposure at D0 is significantly related to SVR. To our knowledge, this is the first study to give an early pharmacokinetic predictor of SVR. We propose a minimum AUC0–4h threshold of 1755 μg/hour/L at D0 as a target for ribavirin dose adjustment.
Genetic Responsibility: On Choosing Our Children's Genes
Authors: Edmond A. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This book is a symposium with diverse, often contradictory components, excellent ingredients of scholarship, but not scholarship itself. An adequate treatment of so sensitive a topic calls for more than precipitate annealing of expert opinions from mutually foreign disciplines. The détente is promising, but useful scholarship on the ethical, legal or political aspects must come ultimately from profound analysis at the appropriate interface. Cooke alone among the participants recognizes the cardinal importance of academic coherence and the need to develop principles rather than instant remedies or noble (but often parochial) sentiments. Jasper warns against precipitate policymaking and I side with Shinn and against Clarke (quoted by Ladimer) that enquiry should long anticipate crises, not respond to them. The papers in this symposium are mostly of good quality. Hsia's paper embodying extensive practical wisdom, displays much compassion; Hardin, whose criteria are economic, none. Bender, defending briefly "The Right to Choose or
Epidemiology of adult Still's disease: estimate of the incidence by a retrospective study in west France.
Authors: G Magadur-Joly, E Billaud, J H Barrier, Y L Pennec, C Masson, P Renou, A Prost
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To estimate the incidence of adult Still's disease (ASD) and to specify, if possible, associated factors.A retrospective study of the populations of the Brittany and Loire regions in west France was made from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 1991. All internal medicine and rheumatology practitioners of these regions were consulted.Sixty-two (62) cases were reported (93% response). The disease incidence calculated over five years was 0.16 per 100,000 inhabitants in the study population. There was no sex bias (sex ratio 1.06 in ASD v 1.05 in the overall population. The mean age of the study population was 36 years, with two peaks of distribution at 15-25 and 36-45 years. A history of allergy was present in 23% of patients (n = 14). In two patients, it was possible to correlate an environmental allergen to exacerbation of ASD.The yearly incidence of ASD was estimated to be 0.16 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, it was not possible to incriminate any infectious, toxic, or genetic factors in exacerbation of the disease.
Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: CHARLES J. HARDEBECK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular TachycardiaCHARLES J. HARDEBECK, M.D.CHARLES J. HARDEBECK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-623_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Stewart and associates (1) is the latest in a series of articles (2, 3) detailing the frequent mismanagement of patients with sustained wide complex tachycardia. This mismanagement appears to be largely attributable to a lack of familiarity with the characteristics of, and correct approach to, sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Therefore, I propose that this entity be recognized and described in electrocardiographic texts and lectures as a specific form of ventricular tachycardia (as torsade de pointes and bidirectional tachycardia are currently recognized). In addition to elaborating the criteria for differentiation from aberrant supraventricular tachycardia presented...References1. STEWART R, BARDY G, and GREENE H. Wide complex tachycardia: misdiagnosis and outcome after emergent therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:766-71. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MORADY F, BAERMAN J, DICARLO L, DEBUITLEIR M, KROL R, and WAHR D. A prevalent misconception regarding wide-complex tachycardias. JAMA. 1985;254:2790-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DANCY M, CAMM A, and WARD D. Misdiagnosis of chronic recurrent ventricular tachycardia. Lancet. 1985;2:320-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WELLENS H, BäR F, and LIE K. The value of the electrocardiogram in the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a widened QRS complex. Am J Med. 1978;64:27-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES J. HARDEBECK, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 623-623KeywordsElectrocardiographyTachycardiaVentricular tachycardia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Amodal imagery in rostral premotor areas
Authors: Takashi Hanakawa, Manabu Honda, Mark Hallett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Inspired by Rick Grush's emulation theory, we reinterpreted a series of our neuroimaging experiments which were intended to examine the representations of complex movement, modality-specific imagery, and supramodal imagery. The emulation theory can explain motor and cognitive activities observed in cortical motor areas, through the speculation that caudal areas relate to motor-specific imagery and rostral areas embrace an emulator for amodal imagery.
Neutralization of Heparin After Perfusion
Authors: N. G. Rothnie, J. B. Kinmonth
Journal: BMJ (1960)

URINARY INFECTIONSThe response of the other infections, usually com- plicated and due to such resistant organisms as Proteus and Ps.pyocyanea, was disappointing.Temporary improvement was experienced by 6 out of 21 patients, but 12 out of 21 failed to respond.Strict laboratory control is essential when cycloserine is used for treatment of urinary infections.We thank our clinical colleagues for their close co-operation throughout this investigation, and Messrs. Eli Lillv and Company for the supply of cycloserine.
Romania adopts new transplant law
Authors: T. P Toma
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Romanian parliament has passed a law that will permit transplantation of organs from live or dead donors but not trade in organs. Previously, transplantation was legal only from live donors who were relatives of patients.

Romania does not have a well developed transplant programme because of lack of funds and, until now, legislation. The biggest demand is for kidneys, and transplant operations are performed in four major centres. …
PHTHISIS—ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT.
Authors: J. P. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine and Materia Medica, May, 1884. At this, the noon of micro-organific light, it would be a breach of order in medical authorship to touch the intra-thorax without a temerarious parade of one's knowledge of the<i>bacillus tuberculosis</i>. But in these halcyon days of elaborate reviews, retrospects, weekly couriers, records, bulletins, and budgets, almost universally distributed to members of the profession through the advertising and enterprising ingenuity of medical publishers, few, if any, of us could come here other than replete with knowledge and opinion of this much-discussed organism. To dispel the incubus of your apprehensions I shall begin by promising not to subject you to the tedium of a bacteriologist. Though not assuming such proportions, I shall not avoid a casual notice of this "idea of the season." When Koch, the great apostle of bacterian pathology, made known the results of his
Postoperative deep-vein thrombosis: identifying high-risk pateart disease in different ethnic groups.
Authors: J D Hamer
Journal: BMJ (1980)

promoting legislation, a task which will now be pursued vigorously from within Wessex.Change is the first to invite criticism and we would agree with Dr Draper and his colleagues that if anything in the health field needs reorganising the stagnant backwater of "social" health education is crying out for a fresh sluice.
The Assessment of Organ Function — The Testis
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

RECENT progress in the laboratory assessment of testicular function has simplified the evaluation of male hypogonadism. As elsewhere in endocrinology, however, a judicious use of the available laboratory tests requires a knowledge of the physiology. Figure 1 presents schematically the control of gonadal function in the human male.The output of pituitary gonadotropins is under the control of specific releasing factors that are produced in the hypothalamus and reach the pituitary gland via the hypophyseal portal vessels. The pituitary gonadotropins of the male appear to be the same as those in the female and carry names reflecting this close identity. What is . . .
THE THROAT APPEARANCES IN MYXŒDEMA.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical. Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. HOLBROOK CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

One year ago a patient presented herself at my office to have her throat examined, in order to undergo treatment for difficulty in speaking distinctly. Her history from my note book was as follows: Age 48, weight 190 pounds. Had five children. Menstruation stopped two years ago. Suddenly became very stout about ten years ago, after a prolonged and exhaustive experience with nursing a sick relative, at the same time undergoing intense mental agitation from other sources. Has had no perspiration for ten years. Water always very distasteful as a drink. Partakes sparingly of tea and coffee. Six years ago legs became glazed and waxy, the small hairs disappearing from same. Some edema of ankles but no pitting on pressure. Had been twice to Carlsbad for jaundice within seven years. Much brown pigmentation on abdomen. Had to stop playing piano some six years ago, because great weakness developed in her
THE TOXEMIAS OF PREGNANCY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF PARTURITION
Authors: ROBERT D. MUSSEY
Journal: JAMA (1941)

In this paper we will present the classification of the  of  adopted by the American Committee on Maternal Welfare, consider briefly the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic diseases which are included in the hypertensive group of  and review the results obtained by applying this concept of these  and their classification in the management of parturition in our cases complicated by these diseases.  Lack of a uniform terminology for the  of  influenced the American Committee on Maternal Welfare to appoint a subcommittee 1 to classify these conditions and to define the terms used. At the outset this committee decided that a practical classification must be relatively brief and should contain sufficient descriptive terminology to permit the collection of data. The general term toxemias of pregnancy includes several complications of pregnancy; the majority of these have some clinical similarity, but some apparently are not related.
Elevated Serum Lipids in Hypogonadal Men with and without Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Daniel S. Oppenheim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine whether men with hypogo-nadism are at risk for hyperlipidemia. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Neuroendocrine clinical center of a referral-based university medical center. Patients: Consecutive sample of 18 men with testosterone deficiency who had prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, 15 men with acquired secondary hypogonadism and normal prolactin levels, and 33 normal male controls. Measurements and Main Results: We found a significant elevation in fasting cholesterol (6.23 ±0.28 mmol/L [mean ±SE] compared with 5.17 ±0.13 mmol/L [241 + 11 mg/dL compared with 200 ±5 mg/dL], P〈0.01), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (4.11 ±0.23 mmol/L compared with 3.34 ±0.13 mmol/L [159 ±9 mg/dL compared with 129 ±5 mg/dL], P〈0.05), and triglycerides (1.85 ±0.26 mmol/L compared with 1.11 ±0.07 mmol/L [ 164 ±23 mg/dL compared with98 ±6mg/dL],P〈0.001) in men with hyperprolac-tinemia compared with controls. In the normoprolactinemic hypogonadal men, cholesterol (6.28 ±0.34 mmol/L [243 ±13 mg/dL], P〈 0.01), LDL cholesterol (4.34 ±0.34 mmol/L [168 ±13 mg/dL], P〈0.01), and triglycerides (1.61 ±0.18 mmol/L [143 ±16 mg/dL], P〈0.05) were also significantly higher than in the controls, and were the same as in the hyperprolactinemic men. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not differ among the three groups. Conclusions: Hypogonadism in men, with or without hyperprolactinemia, may be associated with elevation of fasting serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides compared with normal men. These data suggest that serum lipid levels should be evaluated in hypogonadal men. The presence of lipid abnormalities may affect the decision to treat testosterone deficiency in these patients.
Reduced Hypoglycemia and Increased Time in Target Using Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery During Nights With or Without Antecedent Afternoon Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jennifer L. Sherr, Eda Cengiz, Cesar C. Palerm, Bud Clark, Natalie Kurtz, Anirban Roy, Lori Carria, Martin Cantwell, William V. Tamborlane, Stuart A. Weinzimer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Afternoon exercise increases the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) in subjects with type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that automated feedback-controlled closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery would be superior to open-loop (OL) control in preventing NH and maintaining a higher proportion of blood glucose levels within the target blood glucose range on nights with and without antecedent afternoon exercise.Subjects completed two 48-h inpatient study periods in random order: usual OL control and CL control using a proportional-integrative-derivative plus insulin feedback algorithm. Each admission included a sedentary day and an exercise day, with a standardized protocol of 60 min of brisk treadmill walking to 65-70% maximum heart rate at 3:00 p.m.Among 12 subjects (age 12-26 years, A1C 7.4±0.6%), antecedent exercise increased the frequency of NH (reference blood glucose<60 mg/dL) during OL control from six to eight events. In contrast, there was only one NH event each on nights with and without antecedent exercise during CL control (P=0.04 vs. OL nights). Overnight, the percentage of glucose values in target range was increased with CL control (P<0.0001). Insulin delivery was lower between 10:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m. on nights after exercise on CL versus OL, P=0.008.CL insulin delivery provides an effective means to reduce the risk of NH while increasing the percentage of time spent in target range, regardless of activity level in the mid-afternoon. These data suggest that CL control could be of benefit to patients with type 1 diabetes even if it is limited to the overnight period.
Medical Ethicists, Human Curiosities, and the New Media Midway
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

Abstract Medical ethicists have assumed a role in justifying public voyeurism of human “curiosities.” This role has precedent in how scientists and natural philosophers once legitimized the marketing of museums of “human curiosities.” At the beginning of the twentieth century, physicians dissociated themselves from entrepreneurial displays of persons with anomalies, and such commercial exhibits went into decline. Today, news media, principally on television, promote news features about persons that closely resemble the nineteenth century exhibits of human curiosities. Reporters solicit medical ethicists for soundbites to affirm the newsworthiness and propriety of public voyeurism of these medical stories. Ethicists' soundbites are usually ambiguous or self-evident and rarely enable viewers to morally engage the issues. The precedent of early twentieth century physicians disengaging from such exploitive public shows is a useful example for medical ethics.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid: An Appraisal
Authors: Hossein Gharib
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To review the literature on the utility of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnostic management of nodular thyroid disease. Data Sources: Relevant articles published in major English-language medical journals during the last 10 years. Data Extraction: Articles were reviewed to assess the results of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and its effect on thyroid management and cost of care. Data Synthesis: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland is safe, inexpensive, minimally invasive, and highly accurate in the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease. Four cytologic diagnostic categories are used. Rates for these categories, based on data pooled from seven series, were as follows: benign, 69%; suspicious, 10%; malignant, 4%; and nondiagnostic, 17%. Analysis of recent data suggests a false-negative rate of 1% to 11%, a false-positive rate of 1% to 8%, a sensitivity of 65% to 98%, and a specificity of 72% to 100%. Limitations of fine-needle aspiration are related to the skill of the aspirator, the expertise of the cytologist, and the difficulty in distinguishing some benign cellular adenomas from their malignant counterparts. The introduction of fine-needle aspiration has had a substantial effect on the management of patients with thyroid nodules. The percentage of patients undergoing thyroidectomy has decreased by 25%, and the yield of carcinoma in patients who undergo surgery has increased from 15% to at least 30%. Fine-needle aspiration has decreased the cost of care by 25%. Conclusions: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is safe, accurate, and cost-effective. The procedure has a central role in the management of thyroid nodules and should be used as the initial diagnostic test.
SOME NOTES ON THE CLIMATOLOGY OF ARIZONA.
Authors: WILLIAM DUFFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is the purpose of this paper to call your attention to a region about which much has been said and written, and yet concerning which little is known by the medical profession. This lack of knowledge is not limited to the district under consideration and comes through the absence of climatological teaching in our schools and the dearth of literature on subjects pertaining to climate. In the great library of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in Philadelphia, only one volume on the subject of medical climatology is to be found, and this is really limited in its scope. In about five hundred papers scheduled for thisAssociationonly three bear any relation to climate. Our text-books make reference to the Southwest in a general way in recommending climate for this, that or the other disease, failing frequently to differentiate betwen the climates of this region. The fact is
Impact of antithrombin deficiency in thrombogenesis: lipopolysaccharide and stress-induced thrombus formation in heterozygous antithrombin-deficient mice
Authors: Masamitsu Yanada, Tetsuhito Kojima, Kazuhiro Ishiguro, Yukiko Nakayama, Koji Yamamoto, Tadashi Matsushita, Kenji Kadomatsu, Masahiko Nishimura, Takashi Muramatsu, Hidehiko Saito
Journal: Blood (2002)