tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"THE PATHOGENICITY OF THE FUSIFORM BACILLUS AND SPIRILLUM OF PLAUT VINCENT"
Authors: L. J. Belding
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 11, is published an article by Lichtenberg and his associates on this subject. The fundamental problems of fusospirochetal disease seem to have completely escaped the authors. In view of the tragedies that will surely follow application of their implied therapeutic deductions, we feel obligated to protest. The title is misleading. From its wording one would expect a discussion of the spirochetes, but they are ignored except as vaguely confused with the terms fusospirochetes and fusiform bacilli and are proved nonpathogenic by that dangerous method of assumption. The title errs in stating "the fusiform bacillus." It would have been more correct to have stated "a fusiform bacillus" and that tentatively. In fusospirochetal disease the spirochete for the following reasons is considered to be most important: Fusospirochetal disease of the mouth is limited exclusively to the dentulous age; i. e., the spirochete age. Prior to
Gene-wide association study between the aromatase gene (<i>CYP19A1</i>) and female pattern hair loss
Authors: L. Yip, S. Zaloumis, D. Irwin, G. Severi, J. Hopper, G. Giles, S. Harrap, R. Sinclair, J. Ellis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common trait in which androgens and oestrogens may have a pathogenic role. The aromatase enzyme converts androgens to oestrogens in scalp hair follicles and is differentially expressed in balding and nonbalding scalps of women. Sequence variation in the gene encoding aromatase, CYP19A1, might influence the risk of developing FPHL.To examine the role of CYP19A1 genetic variation in the heritability of FPHL.We investigated associations between FPHL and 61 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing variation in and around CYP19A1 in 484 caucasian women with grades 3-5 FPHL on the Sinclair scale, and 471 caucasian women with no evidence of hair loss.For the tag SNP rs4646 (overall genotype frequencies: CC, 53.6%; AC, 39.3%; AA, 7.1%), the genotype CC was more frequent in women with FPHL (58.1%) than controls (48.9%) (P = 0.006). Although this result did not achieve experiment-wide significance (P < 0.001 by permutation testing), subanalyses according to sources of recruitment and ages at presentation revealed consistent patterns of association. In particular, young cases (< 40 years) had the highest frequency of the CC genotype (68.2%) among all subgroups.These findings suggest that the common rs4646 C allele, which has been associated previously with higher circulating oestrogen levels, might be associated with predisposition to FPHL.
The significance of the local sweat response in assessing the progress of leprosy
Authors: V.N. SEHGAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Serial observations on cutaneous sensation and on sweat response in hypopigmented flat patches of twenty-nine patients with tuberculoid and five with dimorphous leprosy on dapsone therapy were studied over 2 years. Sensation was determined by routine methods, while sweat stimulation was done by intradermal injection of 0-1 ml (0.025 mg) of carbachol (carbaminoylcholine). There was significant improvement in sensation and considerable augmentation of sweat response in the final as compared to the initial tests. The difference in sweat response was statistically significant, suggesting the value of this simple procedure in assessing the progress of leprosy.
Very Late Coronary Stent Thrombosis of a Newer-Generation Everolimus-Eluting Stent Compared With Early-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Lorenz Räber, Michael Magro, Giulio G. Stefanini, Bindu Kalesan, Ron T. van Domburg, Yoshinobu Onuma, Peter Wenaweser, Joost Daemen, Bernhard Meier, Peter Jüni, Patrick W. Serruys, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Early-generation drug-eluting stents releasing sirolimus (SES) or paclitaxel (PES) are associated with increased risk of very late stent thrombosis occurring &gt;1 year after stent implantation. It is unknown whether the risk of very late stent thrombosis persists with newer-generation everolimus-eluting stents (EES). Methods and Results— We assessed the risk of stent thrombosis in a cohort of 12 339 patients with unrestricted use of drug-eluting stents (3819 SES, 4308 PES, 4212 EES). Results are incidence rates per 100 person-years after inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for group differences. During follow-up of up to 4 years, the overall incidence rate of definite stent thrombosis was lower with EES (1.4 per 100 person-years) compared with SES (2.9; hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.62; P &lt;0.0001) and PES (4.4; hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.48; P &lt;0.0001). The incidence rate per 100 person-years of early (0–30 days), late (31 days–1 year), and very late stent thrombosis amounted to 0.6, 0.1, and 0.6 among EES-treated patients; 1.0, 0.3, and 1.6 among SES-treated patients; and 1.3, 0.7, and 2.4 among PES-treated patients. Differences in favor of EES were most pronounced beyond 1 year, with a hazard ratio of 0.33 (EES versus SES; P =0.006) and 0.34 (EES versus PES; P &lt;0.0001). There was a lower risk of cardiac death or myocardial with EES compared with PES (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.75; P &lt;0.0001), which was directly related to the lower risk of stent thrombosis–associated events (EES versus PES: hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.57). Conclusion— Current treatment with EES is associated with a lower risk of very late stent thrombosis compared with early-generation drug-eluting stents.
Drug only helps slightly to keep shift workers awake at night
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> Hospital based studies for psychotic disorders are scarce in low and middle income countries. This may impact on development of intervention programs. <h3>Objective</h3> We aimed to determine the burden of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients at the national psychiatric referral hospital in Uganda. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective patient chart-file review was carried out in March 2019 for all patients presenting to the hospital for the first time in the previous year. Patients were categorised into those with and without psychotic disorders. We collected sociodemographic data on age, gender, occupation, level of education, ethnicity, religion and home district. We determined the one year prevalence of psychotic disorders among first treatment contact patients. Using logistic regression models, we also determined the association between psychotic disorders and various exposure variables among first treatment contact patients. <h3>Results</h3> In 2018, 63% (95% CI: 60.2 – 65.1) of all first time contact patients had a psychosis related diagnosis. Among the patients with psychotic disorders, the median age was 29 years (IQR 24 – 36). Most of the patients were male (62.8%) and unemployed (63.1%). After adjusting for patients’ residence, psychotic disorders were found to be more prevalent among the female gender [OR 1.58 (CI1.46-1.72)] and those of Pentecostal faith [OR 1.25 (CI 1.10-1.42)]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Among first treatment contact patients in Uganda, there is a large burden of psychotic disorders. The burden was more prevalent among females as well as people of Pentecostal faith who seemed to use their church for faith-based healing. Incidence studies are warranted to determine if this phenomenon is replicated at illness onset.
Erroneous Plasma Norepinephrine Levels with Radioimmunoassay
Authors: David C. Aron, Emmanuel L. Bravo, Leonard P. Kapcala
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Erroneous Plasma Norepinephrine Levels with RadioimmunoassayDAVID C. ARON, M.D., EMMANUEL L. BRAVO, M.D., LEONARD P. KAPCALA, M.D.DAVID C. ARON, M.D., EMMANUEL L. BRAVO, M.D., LEONARD P. KAPCALA, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1023_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The measurement of plasma norepinephrine and the use of the clonidine suppression test have facilitated the differentiation between patients with pheochromocytoma and those with essential hypertension and signs or symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma (1, 2). We recently noted discordant results between the levels obtained by radioimmunoassay (Nichols Institute) and by radioenzymatic assay (1).A 45-year-old man was suspected of having a pheochromocytoma because of labile hypertension associated with anxiety and sweating attacks. His 24-hour urinary catecholamine level was 148 µg (normal, < 100 µg); and his vanillylmandelic acid level was 8.5 mg (normal, < 7 mg). A...References1. BRAVO E, TARAZI R, FOUAD F, VIDT D, and GIFFORD R. Clonidine suppression test: a useful aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:623-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BRAVO E, TARAZI R, FOUAD F, TEXTOR S, GIFFORD R, and VIDT D. Blood pressure regulation in pheochromocytoma. Hypertension. 1982;4(suppl II):II-193-9. Google Scholar3. IZZO J, HORWITZ D, and KEISER H. Physiologic mechanisms opposing the hemodynamic effects of prazosin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:3-11. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. CRYER P. Physiology and pathophysiology of the human sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:436-44. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KOBAYASHI K, MIURA Y, and TOMIOKA H. Plasma catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in chronic renal failure. Clin Chim Acta. 1979;95:317-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID C. ARON, M.D.; EMMANUEL L. BRAVO, M.D.; LEONARD P. KAPCALA, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIs physiologic sympathoadrenal catecholamine release exocytotic in humans?PheochromocytomaDiagnosis of PheochromocytomaPheochromocytoma: Diagnosis, Localization and Management 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1023-1023KeywordsAnxietyBlood plasmaCatecholaminesHypertensionNorepinephrinePheochromocytomaRadioimmunoassaysSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bioavailability of Vitamin D and Its Metabolites in Black and White Adults
Authors: Michael F Holick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Vitamin D deficiency has become a global health problem that has been associated not only with metabolic bone disease but also with many chronic illnesses.1 The definition of vitamin D deficiency has been controversial, in part owing to the interpretation of surrogates associated with vitamin D status. The Institute of Medicine concluded that to maximize bone health, the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be higher than 20 ng per milliliter.2 Others have relied on parathyroid hormone levels to assess vitamin D status, arguing that such levels reach a nadir and plateau when 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are 30 to 40 ng . . .
Portasystemic Shunts in 102 Patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Cornelius E. Sedgwick, John K. Poulantzas, William H. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DURING the past fifteen years an increasing number of portasystemic shunts have been performed at the Lahey Clinic. Some patients did not fit into the accepted criteria for operability1 2 3 4 5 6 7; yet a significant number of them have in fact had a prolonged period of survival.Clinical MaterialAll 102 patients included in the study had either a portacaval or a splenorenal shunt for the relief of the complications arising from portal hypertension. At the time of operation the ages of the patients ranged from seven to seventy-three years. Fifty-three were males, and 49 were females (Table 1).In general, these . . .
GlaxoSmithKline told to pay family $2.5m after jury finds paroxetine caused son's heart defects
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A Philadelphia jury has found that the antidepressant paroxetine (marketed as Paxil in the United States and Seroxat in the United Kingdom) caused heart defects in a child, Lyam Kilker, whose mother Michelle David took the drug while pregnant. The jury has awarded the family $2.5m (£1.5m; €1.7m) in compensation.

The trial was the first of about 600 US lawsuits that claim that paroxetine caused birth defects in infants born to mothers who took the drug while pregnant ( BMJ …
Characteristics of the genioglossus and musculus uvulae in sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and in snorers.
Authors: F J Sériès, S A Simoneau, S St Pierre, I Marc
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Genioglossus (GG) activity has been extensively studied by electromyographic recordings in the investigation of the pathophysiology of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). However, the effective force developed by this upper airway (UA) dilator muscle depends on its metabolic and histochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic and fiber type characteristics of two UA dilator muscles, musculus uvulae (MU) and GG, in 17 patients with SAHS and in 11 nonapneic snorers. MU and GG samples were obtained during uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Anthropomorphic characteristics were similar in snorers and patients with SAHS, who differed only in the presence of sleep-related breathing abnormalities. MU glycolytic, glycogenolytic, and anaerobic enzyme activities were significantly greater in patients with SAHS than in snorers. These differences were not observed for GG. MU and GG enzyme activities differed only in snorers. The proportion of type I muscle fiber was greater in GG than in MU, but it was similar in patients with SAHS and snorers for each muscle. Type IIA and IIB muscle fibers were, respectively, in greater and smaller proportions in patients with SAHS than in snorers. We conclude that (1) the differences in metabolic characteristics between patients with SAHS and snorers are not observed in all UA muscles, and (2) similar histochemical differences are observed in GG and MU between these two groups, thus suggesting that these differences may be implicated in the pathophysiology of SAHS.
Transitional Polyps of the Colon
Authors: G. Franzin, A. Scarpa, R. Dina, G. Zamboni, A. Fratton
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

Fourteen polps with the gross appearance of small hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps, not exceeding five mm in diameter, were removed from the rectum and the sigmoid colon of patients during colonscopy, and from surgical specimens. At light microscopy they were seen to be composed of apparently normal mucosa. In most cases some hyperplastic (metaplastic) and adenomatous polyps were also present. HID-AB stain revealed the polyps to be composed of "transitional" mucosa containing almost exclusively sialomucins, in contrast to normal mucosa, in which sulphomucins predominate. It is suggested that these "transitional" polyps may represent a reservoir of hyperplastic (metaplastic) and adenomatous polps, the different fate depending on different environmental situations.
Hepatitis A Virus in Stool During Clinical Relapse
Authors: Maria H. Sjogren, Hugo Tanno, Oscar Fay, Santos Sileoni, Barry D. Cohen, Donald S. Burke, Robert J. Feighny
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Among 256 patients with acute hepatitis A, 17 (6.6%) had a relapse of the disease between 30 and 90 days after the primary episode. We studied 7 of these patients. Serologic testing showed mean alanine aminotransferase levels of 1668 IU/L during the acute stage, 107 IU/L during the early convalescence, and 1027 IU/L during the relapse. Tests for IgM antibody against hepatitis A virus were positive in the 7 patients at the onset of disease, with decreasing levels in 3 of the 4 patients tested during the evolution of the illness. Stools collected during the relapse phase showed hepatitis A virus by immune electron microscopy, radioimmunoassay, and molecular hybridization using a 32P-labeled cDNA-hepatitis A virus probe. Stools collected from 4 of these patients 6 to 12 months after the onset of disease were negative for the virus. The finding of hepatitis A virus in the stool of these patients during the relapse phase strongly implicates hepatitis A virus as the causative agent of the clinical relapse.
Review: Individual DMARDs have similar efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis, but combination therapy improves response
Authors: Bruce M. Rothschild
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Donahue KE, Gartlehner G, Jonas DE, et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of disease-modifying medications for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:124-34. 18025440
Prospective Study of Markers of Hemostatic Function With Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Aaron R. Folsom, Wayne D. Rosamond, Eyal Shahar, Lawton S. Cooper, Nena Aleksic, F. Javier Nieto, Mandy L. Rasmussen, Kenneth K. Wu
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Several markers of hemostatic function and inflammation have been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, but prospective evidence for their role in ischemic stroke is scant. Methods and Results —The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study measured several of these markers in more than 14 700 participants 45 to 64 years old who were free of cardiovascular disease and were followed up for 6 to 9 years for occurrence of ischemic stroke (n=191). There was no apparent association between ischemic stroke incidence and factor VIIc, antithrombin III, platelet count, or activated partial thromboplastin time. After adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors, von Willebrand factor, factor VIIIc, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count were positively associated and protein C was negatively but nonsignificantly associated with ischemic stroke incidence in regression analyses based on either continuous variables or fourths of the variable distributions. The adjusted relative risk (and 95% CI) for ischemic stroke in those in the highest versus lowest fourth were: von Willebrand factor, 1.71 (1.1 to 2.7); factor VIIIc, 1.93 (1.2 to 3.1); white blood cell count, 1.50 (0.9 to 2.4); fibrinogen, 1.26 (0.8 to 2.0); and protein C, 0.65 (0.4 to 1.0). Conclusions —This study offers modest support for the hypothesis that some markers of hemostatic function and inflammation can identify groups of middle-aged adults at increased risk of stroke. These factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
Congenital abnormalities and maternal herpes zoster.
Authors: M H Webster, C S Smith
Journal: BMJ (1977)

but in both the bone age is often advanced and in Beckwith's syndrome the large size is associated with exomphalos or umbilical hernia, hypoglycaemia, and pronounced visceromegaly.This patient did not have these clinical features but appeared to have a new kind of diencephalic syndrome.I thank Drs A Carmichael, I Fletcher, and J Winter for clinical help and Drs P Rayner and N Barnes for advice.Thyrotrophin and growth hormone levels were measured in the
Reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte maturity index (RMI) rise as body iron status falls
Authors: Jong Weon Choi, Soo Hwan Pai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

To investigate the influence of body iron status on reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte maturity index (RMI), we measured serum iron markers, fluorescent intensity of reticulocytes, and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations in 374 females aged 14-19 years. Reticulocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry, and sTfR concentration was measured by enzyme immunoassay. There were no significant differences in the values of reticulocyte subpopulations and RMI between ferritin alone-depleted group and healthy controls. However, middle- and high-fluorescence reticulocytes and RMI were significantly higher in both the serum iron- and serum ferritin-depleted groups than in the ferritin alone-depleted group. Middle-fluorescence reticulocytes and RMI increased gradually as the body iron store was depleted and were 3.4- and 3.6-fold higher, respectively, than normal controls, when the subjects attained a frank iron-deficiency anemia. There were no significant changes in the values of red blood cells or total reticulocyte counts during iron-depleted states. The mean value of sTfR (3.98 mg/l) in the subjects with RMI > or = 1.5% was significantly higher than that (2.26 mg/l) in the subjects with RMI < 1.5% (P < 0.01). The sTfR concentration correlated significantly with RMI (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) and middle-fluorescence reticulocytes (r = 0.59, P < 0.01). In short, body iron depletion induces elevation of immature reticulocyte fractions and RMI.
Cutaneous malignant histiocytosis–a clinicopathological review of five cases
Authors: H.J. DODD, A.G. STANSFELD, T.J. CHAMBERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Malignant histiocytosis is a rare, and usually fatal, tumour which may involve the skin. The clinical and pathological changes are described in five patients who presented with skin nodules as the initial feature. We witnessed spontaneous healing of lesions, a previously described phenomenon which may cause diagnostic confusion. It is suggested that patients presenting with malignant histiocytosis confined to the skin form a sub-group with a more favourable prognosis.
The Quality and Influence of JAMA-Reply
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I found Dr Hecht's note to be stimulating since it is at variance with virtually all of the other feedback we receive. Most readers tell us that the<i>JAMA</i>of recent years is the best it has ever been. As our regular readers know, we function under a key objective and ten critical objectives and grade ourselves constantly against these.<sup>1</sup>In addition, we regularly use about two dozen indicators to judge<i>JAMA</i>and our nine American Medical Association specialty journals. These indicators are as follows: domestic and foreign circulation and readership, advertising revenue,<i>Science Citation Index</i>scores, quality of editorial boards, number of manuscripts received, manuscript acceptance rates, number and types of editorial categories, number of pages, turnaround time to publication, print and electronic media attention, results of readership surveys and focus groups, published corrections rates, number and quality of peer reviewers, peer review of the journals