tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bark, Weeds, and Iron Chelators — Drugs for Malaria
Authors: David J. Wyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Over the millennia that humanity has struggled against malaria, some successes in controlling this scourge have been achieved from time to time through both empirical efforts and rational design. The development in the early 1970s of methods to cultivate Plasmodium falciparum in vitro1 was a major breakthrough because it facilitated studies of parasite metabolism that could lead to novel strategies for designing treatments. In this issue of the Journal, Gordeuk and colleagues report the results of a clinical trial of iron-chelation therapy in children with cerebral malaria.2 This trial is an example of the practical application of knowledge obtained . . .
Postpartum Blood Requirements and Autologous Donation-Reply
Authors: Toby L. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.—  The letter by Dr Semchyshyn directs attention to the potential for autologous and directed units being used to diminish the need for altruistic community donors. Their usefulness in the general blood supply is limited by the substandard hemoglobin that many autologous units will have and the holding of both autologous and directed units until it is clear that the recipient will no longer need the blood. Some institutions consider the intended recipient to  the unit and require a written release.  The more fundamental question is relative safety. Clearly, autologous donors are motivated by concern for their own welfare rather than that of the community. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct the donor interview to be certain that the blood can be crossed over to other patients if the intended recipient does not need it. The details of separating such units can become complicated and, as a practical
Dose-Dependent Effect of Rosuvastatin on VLDL–Apolipoprotein C-III Kinetics in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Esther M.M. Ooi, Gerald F. Watts, Dick C. Chan, Meifania M. Chen, Paul J. Nestel, Dmitri Sviridov, P. Hugh R. Barrett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Dysregulated apolipoprotein (apo)C-III metabolism may account for hypertriglyceridemia and increased cardiovascular risk in the metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the dose-dependent effect of rosuvastatin on VLDL apoC-III transport in men with the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twelve men with the metabolic syndrome were studied in a randomized double-blind crossover trial of 5-week intervention periods with placebo, 10 mg rosuvastatin, or 40 mg rosuvastatin, with 2-week placebo washouts between each period. VLDL apoC-III kinetics were examined using a stable isotope method and compartmental modeling at the end of each intervention period. RESULTS—Compared with placebo, there was a significant dose-dependent reduction with rosuvastatin in plasma triglyceride and VLDL apoC-III concentrations. Rosuvastatin significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) increased VLDL apoC-III fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and decreased its production rate, with a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) dose-related effect. With 40 mg rosuvastatin, changes in VLDL apoC-III concentration were inversely associated with changes in VLDL apoC-III FCR and positively associated with VLDL apoC-III production rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Changes in VLDL apoC-III concentration and production rate were positively correlated with changes in VLDL apoB concentration and production rate and inversely correlated with VLDL apoB FCR (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Similar associations were observed with 10 mg rosuvastatin but were either less or not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS—In this study, rosuvastatin decreased the production and increased the catabolism of VLDL apoC-III, a mechanism that accounted for the significant reduction in VLDL apoC-III and triglyceride concentrations. This has implications for the management of cardiometabolic risk in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
Treatment of bullous pemphigoid with a leukotriene receptor antagonist
Authors: A. Nomura, H. Fujisawa, K. Sekizawa
Journal: Allergy (2003)

The effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists are complementary to those of inhaled corticosteroids, and they can be tapered in patients with bronchial asthma. We describe a case of blister healing with bullous pemphigoid by the use of a leukotriene receptor antagonst. A beneficial role in reducing the dosage of glucocorticoid? A 59-year-old woman with bronchial asthma was admitted to the University Hospital for systemic blisters. Blister formation was remarkable, particularly in the oral cavity. A diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid was made after skin biopsy, and the patient was given predonisolone at 90 mg/day. Once remission was obtained, predonisolone was gradually tapered to 12.5 mg/day. However, recurrence of blisters and asthma excerbation occurred at this dose, at which point the dosage of predonisolone was raised to 15 mg/day. Although complete remission of bullous pemphigoid was obtained on predonisolone at 15 mg/day, her asthma worsened. She received oral leukotriene receptor antagonst pranlukast 450 mg/day for asthma treatment. Given that her asthma was well controlled and predonisolone was reduced to 7.5 mg/day without further recurrence of blisters, it was suggested that pranlukast might have an inhibitory effect on blister formation. To investigate the effect of pranlukast on bullous pemphigoid, the administration of pranlukast was discontinued from the morning, while the patient continued to receive predonisolone at 7.5 mg/day. Blister formation with bleeding occurred again in the evening of the same day in the oral cavity, and readministration of pranlukast was found to completely suppress it. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonists for treatment of bullous pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid is a systemic disease affecting the subepidermis of the skin and mucosa, and autoimmune reaction is believed to lead to blister formation in the basal layer (1). Although glucocorticoids are the most effective agents for controlling the disease, a variety of adverse effects make its long-term use difficult. Immunosuppressive drugs used for treatment of bullous pemphigoid also have adverse effects. Peptide-leukotrienes are thought to be important mediators involved in the etiology of asthma. However, peptide-leukotrienes are also reported to be involved in blister formation, based on their ability to increase plasma leakage from vessels (2) and the significant levels of leukotriene C4 observed in the blister fluids of pemphigoid patients (3). Findings in this patient suggest that leukotriene receptor antagonists may have a beneficial role in reducing the dosage of glucocorticoid to control bullous pemphigoid.
Autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1 in lichen sclerosus
Authors: Noritaka Oyama, Ien Chan, Sallie M Neill, Takahiro Hamada, Andrew P South, Vesarat Wessagowit, Fenella Wojnarowska, David D'Cruz, Graham J Hughes, Martin M Black, John A McGrath
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Antigen and Antibody in Prostitutes
Authors: G. Papaevangelou, D. Trichopoulos, T. Kremastinou, G. Papoutsakis
Journal: BMJ (1974)

We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in 293 prostitutes and in 379 pregnant women of similar age and of low socioeconomic level, who served as controls. HBAg was found in 4.4% of prostitutes and 3.4% of controls. The prevalence of HBAb was significantly higher (P <0.001) in prostitutes (56.7%) than in controls (24.5%). The prevalence of HBAb was clearly age-dependent in both groups. Evidence of hepatitis B virus infection significantly increased with the number of years in prostitution. The evidence of increased infection rates among prostitutes and their distribution support the hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is sexually transmitted.
Pharmacology and Treatment The treatment of idiopathic hyperhidrosis by glycopyrronium bromide and tap water iontophoresis
Authors: E. ABELL, K. MORGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A method of treating idiopathic hyperhidrosis usitig direct current iontophoresis is described. Employing a solution of glycopyrronium bromide, such treatment produces prolonged periods of suppression of palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis but only occasionally do useful periods of dryness result from treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Tap water iontophoresis can also be used to produce sweat suppression but its effects are generally less satisfactory.
DIC-Like Syndrome after Envenomation by the Snake,<i>Crotalus horridus horridus</i>
Authors: Ute Hasiba, Loren M. Rosenbach, David Rockwell, Jessica H. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

After envenomation by the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus) a young man showed massive swelling and ecchymoses of the involved extremity, generalized petechiae and a large hematoma of the left upper eyelid. Two weeks later he was completely well. The first blood sample was incoagulable and showed high titers of fibrin split products by the MISFI and staphylococcal clumping tests. Immunoelectrophoresis showed both D and E fragments, but only D was present at 18 hours. The profound thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia gradually improved, and split products disappeared. In vitro the venom had thrombin-like activity, clotting fibrinogen or plasma and aggregating platelets. These activities could be inhibited by antivenom but not by heparin. There was no evidence that thrombin formation was actually involved; hence, the syndrome is called DIC-like. (N Engl J Med 292:505–507, 1975)
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and Gemcitabine with Tumor Vasculature-Targeted Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Authors: Angelina Sacchi, Anna Gasparri, Corrado Gallo-Stampino, Salvatore Toma, Flavio Curnis, Angelo Corti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Subnanogram doses of NGR-tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a TNF-α derivative able to target tumor neovessels, can enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin and melphalan in murine models. We have examined the antitumor activity of NGR-TNF in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs acting via different mechanisms, including, besides doxorubicin and melphalan, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. Experimental Design: Chemotherapeutic drugs were tested alone and in combination with NGR-TNF (0.1 ng) in murine lymphoma, fibrosarcoma, and mammary adenocarcinoma models. Different administration schedules have been tested and the effects on tumor growth, animal weight, tumor perfusion, and cell cytotoxicity have been investigated. Results: Pretreatment with NGR-TNF enhanced the response to all these drugs although to a different extent. The increased efficacy was not accompanied by increased toxicity at least as judged from the loss of animal weight. The synergistic effect was transient, maximal synergism being observed with a 2-hour delay between NGR-TNF and drug administrations in all models and with all drugs tested. NGR-TNF did not increase the in vitro cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs against tumor cells, suggesting that the in vivo synergism depends on NGR-TNF effects on host cells rather than on tumor cells. Conclusions: Targeted delivery of low doses of NGR-TNF to the tumor vasculature can increase the efficacy of various drugs acting via different mechanisms. Optimal administration schedule requires 2 hours of pretreatment with NGR-TNF independently from the mechanism of drug cytotoxicity. This work could provide important information for designing clinical studies with NGR-TNF in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
Hypertension Control at the Work Site
Authors: Andrea Foote, John C Erfurt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Abstract Four methods for improving hypertension control among employees were tested in one manufacturing plant each: screening and referral to a physician but no other intervention; referral to a physician and semiannual follow-up; referral to a physician and more frequent follow-up as needed; and on-site treatment or care by a family physician. All methods significantly increased the proportion of subjects under treatment, but only the three programs offering follow-up or treatment significantly improved the adequacy of control. At the end of the three years of the project, 56 to 62 per cent of the hypertensive employees in these three programs had blood-pressure readings below 140/90 mm Hg, and 86 to 90 per cent had readings below 160/95. In contrast, among employees who received no intervention after screening, only 21 per cent had readings below 140/90 mm Hg at the end of the study, and only 47 per cent had readings below 160/95. Employees selecting on-site treatment had the highest level of blood-pressure control, but this finding appeared to be due to self-selection of previously untreated patients into on-site treatment and to exclusion of employees with other medical problems. We conclude that work-site hypertension programs can produce substantial improvements in blood-pressure control if they include systematic, routine follow-up that provides employees with information about their condition and offers support for maintenance of therapy. (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308: 809–13.)
852 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) MAY DEVELOP IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
Authors: E. Margariti, M. Deutsch, S. Manolakopoulos, G. Kaflri, D. Tiniakos, G.V. Papatheodoridis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
SOME POINTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PERICARDITIS.
Authors: FRANK P. NORBURY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In the beginning of my pathologic experience in hospital service, it was a surprise to me to find how frequently evidences of former pericarditis occurred. Later, as my clinical experience increased. I found how easy it was to overlook this disease, and how in letting it go unrecognized, inadvertently good treatment was frequently practiced by the absolute rest given the patient. The primary disease being under surveillance, the secondary was of necessity under conditions favorable for recovery. This experience suggests our only real available means of prophylaxis, viz., good care of the patient during the continuance of the primary disease, anticipating the fact that pericarditis is usually a secondary affection. It then behooves us in the treatment of rheumatism, acute infectious fevers and septic processes, to keep ever in mind the possibility of pericarditis as an aftermath, and govern ourselves accordingly, by insisting upon absolute rest and quiet until this
Abstract 2402: TGF beta-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in non small cell lung cancer: effects on stemness, invasiveness and chemotherapy sensitivity
Authors: Milind M. Pore, Lianne Buikema, TJN Hiltermann, FAE Kruyt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The developmental program of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be activated in tumor cells and is implicated in the metastatic spread of tumor cells. EMT leads to loss of cell adhesion and increased motility of cells and can be detected by down regulation of epithelial makers such as E-cadherin and gain of mesenchymal ones such as vimentin and fibronectin. Interestingly, EMT has also been implicated in enhancing stemness properties of tumor cells and in causing chemotherapy resistance. The aim of this study is to examine the invasive, stem-ness and chemotherapy sensitive properties of mesenchymal and epithelial Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In particular we use a TGF beta-inducible EMT model of A549 cells. A pannel of NSCLC cell lines, A549, H460, H322, SW1573, H1650 and H1299 were explored for epithelial (EpCAM. E-cadherin) and mesenhymal markers (N- cadherin, Vimentin and Fibronectin). Only A549 cells exhibit epithelial characteristics while remaning cell lines were either mesenchymal in nature or weekly expressing epithelial markers. Treatment of A549 cells with TGFbeta induced EMT as confirmed by loss of epithelial and gain of mesenchymal markers by FACS and WB analysis. This process was independent of Src since knockdown of Src did not effect EMT activation. Other kinases are currently evaluated for mediating EMT in this model. A549 mesenchymal cells (M) cells were somewhat more resistant to cisplatin and paclitaxel compared to parental A549 cells, whereas no marked difference in the response to proapoptotic TRAIL was found. Furthermore, using wound healing assays A549M cells showed higher rates of migration. Possible effects of EMT on stem cell properties in A549 cells were studied next. A549M cells displayed enhanced spheroid formation potential when cultured in serum free Neurobasal media (NBM) that was associated with an increase in Sox-2 expression. To further explore stemness of A549(M) cells, currently the expression of stem cell markers such as CD133, CD24, CD44 is examined. In conclusion, our results thus far suggest that in A549 NSCLC cells, induction of EMT by TGF beta results in chemoresistance, higher migratory potential and increased stem cell properties. The in-vitro results observed will be extended by in-vivo assays. For this purpose we are establishing orthotopic NSCLC mice models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2402. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2402
Erythema Nodosum: Review of 57 Cases, 1959-1969.
Authors: Stephen E. Blomgren
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Erythema Nodosum: Review of 57 Cases, 1959-1969.Stephen E. Blomgren, M.D.Stephen E. Blomgren, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-828_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptErythema nodosum has long been recognized as a cutaneous vasculitic manifestation of certain systemic or local inflammatory diseases. Except in epidemics of unusual infections, tuberculosis and streptococcal infections have been the commonest primary diseases, with some geographical variation. No general series of cases has been reported since the control of tuberculosis and the widespread use of antibiotics. This study reviewed the conditions associated with erythema nodosum in the decade 1959 to 1969 as encountered in a general hospital in Rochester, N.Y. Of 57 patients with erythema nodosum, 48 were female. Forty-five were between the ages of 15 and 45. Forty-six... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen E. Blomgren, M.D.Affiliations: Rochester, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 828-828KeywordsAntibioticsErythemaInfectious diseasesStreptococcal infectionsSystemic diseasesTuberculosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
C609T Polymorphism of NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 As a Predictive Biomarker for Response to Amrubicin
Authors: Osamu Takakuwa, Tetsuya Oguri, Hiroaki Ozasa, Takehiro Uemura, Eiji Kunii, Daishi Kasai, Mikinori Miyazaki, Ken Maeno, Shigeki Sato
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Acute myeloid leukemia cells constitutively express the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: A Curti, M Aluigi, S Pandolfi, E Ferri, A Isidori, V Salvestrini, I Durelli, A L Horenstein, F Fiore, M Massaia, M Piccioli, S A Pileri, E Zavatto, A D'Addio, M Baccarani, R M Lemoli
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Origin of endothelial progenitors in human postnatal bone marrow
Authors: Morayma Reyes, Arkadiusz Dudek, Balkrishna Jahagirdar, Lisa Koodie, Paul H. Marker, Catherine M. Verfaillie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

This study demonstrates that a CD34–, vascular endothelial cadherin– (VE-cadherin–), AC133+, and fetal liver kinase+ (Flk1+) multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) that copurifies with mesenchymal stem cells from postnatal human bone marrow (BM) is a progenitor for angioblasts. In vitro, MAPCs cultured with VEGF differentiate into CD34+, VE-cadherin+, Flk1+ cells — a phenotype that would be expected for angioblasts. They subsequently differentiate into cells that express endothelial markers, function in vitro as mature endothelial cells, and contribute to neoangiogenesis in vivo during tumor angiogenesis and wound healing. This in vitro model of preangioblast-to-endothelium differentiation should prove very useful in studying commitment to the angioblast and beyond. In vivo, MAPCs can differentiate in response to local cues into endothelial cells that contribute to neoangiogenesis in tumors. Because MAPCs can be expanded in culture without obvious senescence for more than 80 population doublings, they may be an important source of endothelial cells for cellular pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies.
Furosemide-induced natriuresis as a test to identify cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites
Authors: Laurent Spahr, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Hanh Khiem Tran, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The diagnosis of refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients carries a poor prognosis and liver transplantation should always be considered in this situation. Identification of patients who will not respond to diuretic therapy usually requires several weeks of observation during which a trial of diuretics is instituted using stepwise increases in dosage in order to classify ascites as refractory. In the present study we evaluated the effect of a single dose of 80 mg intravenous furosemide on urinary sodium excretion over 8 hours in cirrhotic patients with ascites responsive to diuretic treatment (group 1; n = 14) and patients with refractory ascites (group 2; n = 15). The test was performed after 3 days without diuretics and patients were on a 80 mEq sodium/day diet. Refractory ascites was defined by the absence of response after 3 months of high doses of diuretics (spironolactone 200 mg/d + furosemide 80 mg/d + metolazone 2.5 mg/d) and the need for repeated paracentesis. The two groups had similar degrees of liver and renal dysfunction as assessed by the Pugh score and creatinine clearance. The effects of furosemide on 8–hour natriuresis was much higher in patients with responsive ascites as compared with patients with refractory ascites (125 ± 46 vs. 30 ± 16 mEq; mean ± SD; P &lt; .0001). A natriuresis lower than 50 mEq/8 hours was observed in all group–2 patients as compared with none from group 1. The present study shows that patients with refractory ascites can be identified quickly and accurately by using this simple furosemide–induced natriuresis test, which could be very useful to select patients for liver transplantation.
Laparoscopic Promontory Sacral Colpopexy: Is the Posterior, Recto-Vaginal, Mesh Mandatory?
Authors: P. Antiphon, S. Elard, A. Benyoussef, M. Fofana, R. Yiou, M. Gettman, A. Hoznek, D. Vordos, D.K. Chopin, C.C. Abbou
Journal: European Urology (2004)