tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colorectal Cancer: M P de Leon. Berlin: Springer, 2002, 70.00, pp 303. ISBN 3-540-43047-4
Authors: J H Scholefield
Journal: Gut (2003)

Background/Aim: Coronavirus is an ongoing pandemic challenging health systems worldwide. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown in different countries, highlighting the performance of Greek society and authorities. Methods: We analyzed publicly available data from the “Worldometer”. We evaluated the efficacy of lockdown at one month after implementation. Delta Days (DD) referred to the difference in the days of reaching 1 case/million people to the adoption of lockdown. Results: Higher healthcare expenditure as % of the national GDP was not correlated with better 30-day mortality outcomes. DD index was significantly correlated to the incidence of COVID-19 per million people at 30 days (p-value=0.001). The correlation between DD and 30-day mortality was not statistically significant (p-value=0.087). Conclusion: Early lockdown was proven to be the appropriate policy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Greece was a success story in preventing spread despite limited resources.
Outcome of screening endoscopy in common variable immunodeficiency disorder and X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Authors: L. Maarschalk-Ellerbroek, B. Oldenburg, I. Mombers, A. Hoepelman, L. Brosens, G. Offerhaus, P. Ellerbroek
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) and less frequent in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) although the exact prevalence is not well established. In this study, endoscopic screening was performed in 30 patients with CVID and four patients with XLA. Endoscopic and/or histological abnormalities were detected in 25 of 30 patients with CVID (83 %), regardless of symptoms, and in nine of these patients the results prompted medical treatment. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-associated gastritis, adenomatous polyps, and lymphoid hyperplasia were most frequently encountered; no malignancies were detected. Adenomatous polyps were found in two of the four patients with XLA at a relative young age. In conclusion, gastrointestinal pathology is frequent in patients with CVID regardless of symptoms. Patients with XLA seem to be at risk for colorectal adenomas at a young age.
Preoperative Hematocrit Levels and Outcomes After Noncardiac Surgery—Reply
Authors: Wen-Chih Wu, Tracy L. Schifftner, William G. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypoglycaemia in acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia: report of two cases and review of published work.
Authors: M M Al Hilali, R V Majer, O Penney
Journal: BMJ (1984)

True hypoglycaemia complicating leukaemia is a rare event.Most reported cases have been ascribed to in vitro glycolysis by abnormal leucocytes and been labelled "artefactual" hypo- glycaemia.I 2 Symptomatic hypoglycaemia has been reported in three patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia.31-Sofar as we know in acute leukaemia there has been only a single report of true hypo- glycaemia, associated with acute monocytic leukaemia.6We have recently observed the occurrence of hypoglycaemia in two cases of acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia. Case 1A 62 year old man presented with tiredness and bleeding gums.Physical examination showed an anaemic man with severe gum hypertrophy and an enlarged liver and spleen.Peripheral blood values were haemoglobin concentration 6-4 g/dl, white cell count 6 7x 109/1 (polymorphs 30%, lymphocytes 27%, monocytes 14%, metamyelocytes 10%, myelocytes 3%, promyelocytes 3%, blast cells 13%), and platelet count 65 x 109/l.Bone marrow examination showed a hypercellular marrow with depressed normal haematopoiesis and pronounced infiltration by leukaemic blast cells.Cytochemical reactions of the marrow confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia.The patient was transfused with packed red cells and started on chemotherapy with TAD protocol (thioguanine, cytarabine, and dauno- rubicin).On the fourth day of chemotherapy he was found to be semiconscious with minimal response to verbal stimulation and was complaining of severe dizziness, headache, and blurred vision.Liver and renal function values were normal.Coagulation screen was abnormal, with prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times.Blood glucose concentration was 1 65 mmol/l (30 mg/100 ml).The patient was given an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose solution.He regained consciousness and showed dramatic improvement with the disappearance of symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia.Despite six courses of chemotherapy complete clinical and haemato- logical remission of leukaemia was not achieved.Four months later the patient died at home; necropsy was not performed. Case 2A 47 year old man presented with tonsillitis and gum hypertrophy.His blood count was abnormal, with haemoglobin concentration 10-2 g/dl,
A Clinical Lecture ON EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND OPERATION IN APPENDICITIS: Delivered at the Hospital for Women, Soho
Authors: J. H. Dauber
Journal: BMJ (1912)

THATman must be singularly iuniiutelligent, unobservant, or indifferent who does niot cIraw some coiclusions from plhenomena which arc constantly broiught under his notice, so that, as one wlho in his practice has been dealing for mnany years past mainly with pelvic and abdominal diseases, I have not unnaturally formedl my 6wn opinionis about so common and prevalent a condition as appencicitis, together with its treatment.Aa tiumelhas gone on these opinions have developed into convictions- almost, one may say, into a creed-and tlhe sumii of my convictions amounts to tlhis: thiat appendicitis is so dangerous, mischievous, and treacherous a coniplaint if allowved to makel headway that it should be attacked at or-co ancd given no chance of obtaining the uipper hand.We should take tlhe initiative, not it.It should not content us to merely aCt Gn the defensive.It is we whllo shouild take the offensive witlhouit a moment's delay.So to speak, it should be-" shot at sight " as soon as,recognized.Tlle frontiersmen' of Soultlhern Argen- tina used to have a saying some twenty or nmore years ago wlein I lived amongst themi, that an Indian was no good unitil lhe was dead, and thiis is wlhat I feel abouit a diseased appendix, that it, too, is of no valuie until dead and otutside the humnan body.Every year I becomc more c)iivinced, that appendicitis should never receive any quarter; there shlouldbe no parleying with it, no negotiat-ing withl it,:no temnpriziug, no0 dal,lyixg n'o treaty, notling, frolm the very first but.war, literally to the knife.As a. g~neral -rule,.w.hen the inifection and i-nflammation -are con- fined within the appendix tlhe disease can readily betreated by operation, but wlhen tlhe infection has spread outside the appendix, then it is often a different imatter %ltogether.A wild cat in a -bag can be easily dealt with, buit if that same wild cat is Olnce allowed outside the bag and is rampaging around tlle house and garden it m-ay do a very great deal of misclhief before it is cauglht and exterminated, if indeed it ever is overtalkelu and caughlt; and so it is witlh appendicitis.Few operations in sturgery are easier of performance h -n aPpendicectomny whleni the appendix is free and merely the seat of a simple catarrhal inflammatioi, and few opera- tive procedures are safer.Tle mortality in suelh cases ouglht to be, and often is, nil per tlhousand under miioderni conditions of operating, but when the appendix is buried in adhesions or undiscoverable in a large abscess, or black and gangrenous, or in some other coniditioni of advanced destructive inflammation or infection, or wheni genieral peritonitis is present or tlhreateniing, how difficuilt and anxious operation may be is know n to every operating surgeon, and the risk of su-chl operatiolns is known only
Specific induction of CD33 expression by E2A–HLF: the first evidence for aberrant myeloid antigen expression in ALL by a fusion transcription factor
Authors: K Akahane, T Inukai, T Inaba, H Kurosawa, A T Look, N Kiyokawa, J Fujimoto, H Goto, M Endo, X Zhang, K Hirose, I Kuroda, H Honna, K Kagami, K Goi, S Nakazawa, K Sugita
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: William Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

AS WITH any diagnostic procedure, the decision to perform cardiac catheterization must be based on a careful balance of the risk of the procedure against the anticipated value of the information. The risk of cardiac catheterization is relatively easy to assess and is low in patients with valvular heart disease, mortality being less than 0.4% in a cooperative study involving 16 catheterization laboratories.<sup>1</sup>The value of the resulting information is more difficult to define, and in general, elucidation of its meaning requires knowledge of the natural history of the patient's specific disorder. In our institution, cardiac catheterization is recommended in patients with valvular heart disease when there is a need to confirm the presence of a clinically suspected condition, define its anatomic and physiologic severity, and determine the presence or absence of associated conditions. Generally, this need arises when clinical assessment suggests that the patient is approaching, but has
Shippen and Morgan and Benedict Arnold
Authors: E. A. Bowen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  In your editorial about John Morgan, founder of American medical education ( 194 : 825, 1965) you state that there was bad blood between Drs. Morgan and Shippen, and that Dr. Morgan as director general of the US Army was dismissed by Congress in 1777, due to Shippen intrigue. Weren't there political overtones in that affair?  The Shippens were Philadelphia loyalists (Tories) and a Philadelphia belle named Shippen was married to Gen Benedict Arnold. It was reported that the  Spy Affair to take West Point was in motion and that one of the conspirators was Mrs. Arnold and that Benedict Arnold knew nothing of it until Andre was arrested. Then General Arnold fled to the British lines.  The American loyalists, or Tories, were bad medicine!
Getting Personal Perspectives on Individualized Treatment Duration in Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Jan Heyckendorf, Ioana D. Olaru, Morten Ruhwald, Christoph Lange
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Tuberculosis (TB) differs from most other bacterial infectious diseases by a very long duration of combination antibiotic therapy required to achieve relapse-free cure. Although the standard recommended "short-course" treatment length for TB is 6 months, the World Health Organization recommends a duration of 20 months for the treatment of patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB (M/XDR-TB). Apart from the long duration of anti-TB therapy, treatment of M/XDR-TB is very expensive and often associated with adverse drug events. The optimal duration for treatment of TB likely differs between individuals and depends on a variety of variables, such as the extent of the disease, the immune status of the host, and the virulence and the drug resistance of the causative strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some patients with M/XDR-TB may have to be treated with currently available antituberculosis drug regimens for more than 20 months, whereas much shorter treatment durations may be possible to achieve cure for the majority of patients with M/XDR-TB. Personalization of the duration of treatment for TB, especially for patients with M/XDR-TB, would be highly desired. Until recently there has been little interest in the identification of biosignatures that could eventually lead to individual recommendations for the duration of anti-TB therapy. This pulmonary perspective reviews the knowledge on clinical and radiological scores, host- and pathogen disease-related profiles, molecules, and signatures that are currently explored as biomarkers to personalize the duration of therapy in TB.
Contribution of problem drug users' deaths to excess mortality in Scotland: secondary analysis of cohort study
Authors: M. Bloor, M. Gannon, G. Hay, G. Jackson, A. H Leyland, N. McKeganey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

To examine the "Scottish effect"-namely, the growing divergence between mortality in Scotland and England that is not explained by national differences in levels of deprivation-and, more specifically, to examine the extent to which the Scottish effect is explained by cross national differences in the prevalence of problem drug use.Secondary analysis of cohort study (the DORIS study).1033 Scottish drug users recruited to the cohort study in 33 drug treatment facilities across Scotland in 2001-2 and followed up 33 months later in 2004-5.38 deaths occurred in the cohort, giving a standardised mortality ratio for the cohort of 1244 (95% credible interval 876 to 1678). Only 22 of the 38 deaths in drug users were classified as drug related deaths. From estimates of the size of the problem drug using populations in both England and Scotland, the contribution of deaths in drug users to national death rates can be estimated: the attributable risk fraction for Scotland is 17.3% (12.3% to 22.8%) and that for England is 11.1% (7.8% to 14.8%). Excluding estimated numbers of deaths in drug users would bring down age standardised mortality at ages 15-54 years from 196 to 162 per 100,000 in Scotland and from 138 to 122 per 100,000 in England; 32.0% (22.3% to 43.0%) of the excess mortality in Scotland is due to drug use.Although problem drug use is a low prevalence risk behaviour, it carries a high mortality; the standardised mortality ratio for Scottish drug users is 12 times as high as for the general population. The higher prevalence of problem drug use in Scotland than in England accounts for a third of Scotland's excess mortality over England. Successful public health efforts to reduce the prevalence of problem drug use in Scotland or deaths in Scottish drug users would have a dramatic impact on overall mortality in Scotland.
Comparative analysis of the apo(a) gene, apo(a) glycoprotein, and plasma concentrations of Lp(a) in three ethnic groups. Evidence for no common "null" allele at the apo(a) locus.
Authors: A Gaw, E Boerwinkle, J C Cohen, H H Hobbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Distributions of plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations exhibit marked interracial differences. Apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]), the unique constituent of Lp(a), is highly polymorphic in length due to allelic variations in the number of kringle 4(K-4)-encoding sequences. Plasma Lp(a) concentrations are inversely related to the number of K-4 repeats in the apo(a) alleles. To determine the contribution of this length variation to the interracial variation in plasma Lp(a) levels, we compared apo(a) allele size, glycoprotein size, and plasma Lp(a) concentrations in Caucasians, Chinese, and African Americans. Caucasians and African Americans had very different distributions of plasma Lp(a) concentrations yet there was no significant difference in the overall frequency distributions of their apo(a) alleles. Over the entire size spectrum of apo(a) alleles, the plasma Lp(a) levels were higher in African Americans than in Caucasians. Conversely, Caucasians and Chinese had similar plasma Lp(a) concentrations but significantly different apo(a) allele size distributions. Therefore, interracial differences in the plasma concentrations of Lp(a) are not due to differences in the frequency distributions of apo(a) alleles. We also examined the relationship between apo(a) allele size and the presence of detectable plasma apo(a) protein in plasma. Apo(a) alleles associated with no detectable plasma protein were not of uniformly large size, as had been expected, but were distributed over the entire size spectrum. From this analysis, we conclude that there is no common "null" allele at the apo(a) locus.
Ship's Doctor
Authors: John L. McClenahan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In 1947 Dr. Kerry, a veteran of the Burma campaigns in World War II, learned that he had pulmonary tuberculosis. Tired and discouraged, he left the London hospital where he was working and took a job as supernumerary surgeon on a liner bound for Australia where warm sun, rock oysters, friends, and schooners of iced beer soon restored him to health— with a small assist from streptomycin. After two years in happy exile he was invited to join a lucrative family practice in Sydney but he refused for reasons that, fortunately, he does not explore very deeply. Instead, he returned to the sea and practices to this day, we can earnestly hope, on the long run to England and on short, frantic cruises to New Zealand. He tells his story in a seamless flashback that begins and ends during a tragedy on a Christmas cruise. He tells it with humor,
Role of intracellular Ca2+ and the calmodulin messenger system in pepsinogen secretion from isolated rabbit gastric mucosa.
Authors: T Miyamoto, M Itoh, Y Noguchi, K Yokochi
Journal: Gut (1992)

Both carbachol (10(-4)-10(-3) mol/l) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) (10(-8)-10(-6) mol/l) significantly stimulated the release of pepsinogen from rabbit gastric mucosa maintained in organ culture (213-216% and 143-261% of control, respectively, p less than 0.05-0.01). The secretion was not affected by removing Ca2+ from the culture medium with ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid. Verapamil failed to inhibit the secretion of pepsinogen induced by the drugs in ordinary culture medium containing Ca2+. In contrast, nicorandil (10(-6)-10(-4) mol/l) attenuated the release of pepsinogen by the drugs in a dose dependent manner, regardless of the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the culture medium. W-7 (10(-6)-10(-4) mol/l) and W-5 (10(-5) and 10(-4), or 10(-6) mol/l) reduced significantly the secretion of pepsinogen induced by carbachol (53-71% and 63-81% of control, respectively, p less than 0.05-0.01) and that by CCK-8 (49-67% and 66-76% of control, respectively, p less than 0.01) in the Ca2+ containing medium. However, W-7 did not show significant inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and forskolin induced pepsinogen secretion. These findings indicate that the calmodulin messenger branch that is activated by a rise of intracellular Ca2+ mobilised in cytosol from its intracellular, but not extracellular, source plays a critical role in pepsinogen secretion induced by carbachol and CCK-8. It seems likely that an increase in cAMP in cytosol does not provoke any calmodulin mediated pepsinogen secretion.
Interferon alfa with or without ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C: systematic review of randomised trials
Authors: L. L Kjaergard, K. Krogsgaard, C. Gluud
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the efficacy and safety of interferon alfa with or without ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. <b>Design:</b> Systematic review of randomised trials on interferon alfa plus ribavirin combination therapy versus interferon alfa. Patients were naive (not previously treated with interferon), relapsers (transient response to previous interferon therapy), or non-responders (no response to previous interferon therapy). <b>Studies reviewed:</b> Of 1155 references identified, 48 trials with 6585 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were followed to the end of treatment in 20 trials and in 28 trials for 12–96 weeks after treatment. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Virological response and morbidity plus mortality. <b>Results:</b> Compared with interferon, combination therapy reduced the risk of not having a sustained virological response for 6 months by 26% in naive patients (relative risk 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.78), 33% in relapsers (0.67, 0.57 to 0.78), and 11% in non-responders (0.89, 0.83 to 0.96). Morbidity and mortality showed a non-significant trend in favour of combination therapy (Peto odds ratio 0.45, 0.19 to 1.06). Combination therapy significantly reduced the risk of not having improvement in results of histology by 17% in naive patients (0.83, 0.74 to 0.93) and by 27% in relapsers and non-responders (0.73, 0.66 to 0.82). The risk of treatment discontinuations was significantly higher after combination therapy (1.28, 1.07 to 1.52). <b>Conclusion:</b> Treatment with interferon alfa plus ribavirin has a significant beneficial effect on the virological and histological responses of patients with chronic hepatitis C, irrespective of previous treatment. Combination therapy may therefore also be considered appropriate for relapsers and non-responders. <h3>What is already known on this subject</h3> Interferon alfa was the recommended treatment for chronic hepatitis C until the late 1990s Combination therapy is recommended for previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C, but the benefit of treating relapsers and non-responders to previous treatment with interferon remains controversial The effect of treatment on liver related morbidity and mortality has not been established <h3>What this study adds</h3> Combination therapy is more effective in treating hepatitis C than interferon alfa alone in naive patients, relapsers, and non-responders Combination therapy significantly reduced the risk of not having a sustained virological or histological response irrespective of previous treatment and may therefore also be considered in relapsers and non-responders to previous treatment The data indicate a non-significant trend towards a beneficial effect on morbidity plus mortality rates
Book: Circumcision: A History of the World's Most Controversial Surgery
Authors: T. Stokes
Journal: BMJ (2001)

David L Gollaher Basic Books, £17.80, pp 260 ISBN 0 465 04397 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Male circumcision is the most commonly performed surgical operation in the United States. Data for 1996 reveal that no less than 60% of all US male infants were circumcised. In contrast, the rest of the industrialised world has much lower rates of circumcision. In Britain circumcision is performed only for religious reasons or to correct defined medical conditions. How, then, are we to account for such … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif