tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional function of coronary collateral channels in conscious dogs
Authors: M. Fujita, D. P McKown, M. D McKown, D. Franklin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to investigate the bidirectional functional adequacy of collateral perfusion in conscious dogs.Left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) occlusions of 1 or 2 min duration were repeated to stimulate the development of collateral perfusion to the LCCA area, and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded once daily to evaluate the development of retrograde LCCA-LAD flow.7 male mongrel dogs were used, weight 25-28 kg.Coronary collateral flow from the LCCA to the LAD perfusion area was measured as the abrupt decrease in the LCCA flow (implanted Doppler transducer) upon release of a brief LAD occlusion. Measurements were repeated daily during the development of collaterals induced by repeated, brief occlusions of the LCCA. After 35(SD17) days of such occlusions; there was no sustained reduction in LCCA regional myocardial function during an LCCA occlusion, and reactive hyperaemic repayment following the occlusion was negligible. Before and after collateral development, the LCCA to LAD collateral flow increased from 1.1(0.2) to 8.6(5.1) cm.s-1. LAD systolic segment shortening during the LAD occlusion increased from 2.1(2.0)% (first occlusion) to 19.3(8.6)% (last occlusion).LAD to LCCA collaterals serve as functionally significant bidirectional perfusion conduits, and monitoring of collateral perfusion development is practical by measuring the step reduction in LCCA flow upon abrupt release of an LAD occlusion.
Life-Span Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning during Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Rats
Authors: Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Eva Tibaldi, Davide Degli Esposti, Michelina Lauriola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

In a previous study conducted at the Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center of the European Ramazzini Foundation (CMCRC/ERF), we demonstrated for the first time that aspartame (APM) is a multipotent carcinogenic agent when various doses are administered with feed to Sprague-Dawley rats from 8 weeks of age throughout the life span.The aim of this second study is to better quantify the carcinogenic risk of APM, beginning treatment during fetal life.We studied groups of 70-95 male and female Sprague-Dawley rats administered APM (2,000, 400, or 0 ppm) with feed from the 12th day of fetal life until natural death.Our results show a) a significant dose-related increase of malignant tumor-bearing animals in males (p < 0.01), particularly in the group treated with 2,000 ppm APM (p < 0.01); b) a significant increase in incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in males treated with 2,000 ppm (p < 0.05) and a significant dose-related increase in incidence of lymphomas/leukemias in females (p < 0.01), particularly in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.01); and c) a significant dose-related increase in incidence of mammary cancer in females (p < 0.05), particularly in the 2,000-ppm group (p < 0.05).The results of this carcinogenicity bioassay confirm and reinforce the first experimental demonstration of APM's multipotential carcinogenicity at a dose level close to the acceptable daily intake for humans. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that when life-span exposure to APM begins during fetal life, its carcinogenic effects are increased.
Anxiety as a Predictor of Improvements in Somatic Symptoms and Health Anxiety Associated with Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention in Hypochondriasis
Authors: Mutsuhiro Nakao, Yasuko Shinozaki, David K. Ahern, Arthur J. Barsky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of hypochondriasis. In this study, we sought to determine whether there was a differential treatment effect for patients with greater levels of anxiety at the outset of treatment. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A total of 182 hypochondriacal participants (139 women, mean = 42.1 years of age) were randomly assigned to a CBT or control group. All participants completed self-report measures of hypochondriasis that exceeded a predetermined threshold on 2 successive occasions. CBT consisted of 6, weekly 90-min sessions. The control subjects received the usual medical care during the same period. Three questionnaires (the Whiteley Index, the Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Somatic Symptom Inventory) were used to assess hypochondriacal symptoms, and the Symptom Checklist 90R was used to assess anxiety and other psychological symptoms. These were administered before the intervention and at 6 and 12 months after the completion of the intervention. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Scores on the 3 measures of hypochondriasis were significantly decreased after treatment in the CBT compared with the control group. Anxiety and other psychological symptoms also showed significant reductions in the CBT group. High levels of pretreatment anxiety predicted decreases in the 3 hypochondriasis scores after controlling for the effects of depression, age, sex, educational level, employment status, and marital status. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; High anxiety at entry into the CBT program predicted a better treatment outcome.
Human lymphocyte stimulation with pouchitis flora is greater than with flora from a healthy pouch but is suppressed by metronidazole
Authors: A J G Bell
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background/Aims:</b> The gut flora may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. An ileal reservoir or pouch can be created to replace the excised rectum after proctocolectomy. In patients with ulcerative colitis this is subject to inflammation and termed pouchitis. Using bacteria from patients the authors sought evidence for the presence rather than the identity of a pathogenic species in pouchitis, and for its absence in healthy pouches by the differential effect on lymphocyte proliferation. <b>Methods:</b> An ex vivo cell culture assay was used in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells or lamina propria mononuclear cells were cultured with sterile sonicates of gut flora from patients with or without pouchitis in the presence of antigen presenting cells. <b>Results:</b> Sonicated pouchitis flora produced a consistent and intense proliferation of the mononuclear cells but that produced by sonicates from healthy pouches was minimal (p = 0.012 or 0.018, peripheral blood or lamina propria mononuclear cells). Preparation of the sonicates with the antibiotic metronidazole abolished their stimulatory ability (p = 0.005, peripheral blood mononuclear cells). In separate assays neither direct addition of metronidazole nor of its hydroxy metabolite affected the mononuclear cells' proliferation with alternative stimuli. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results strongly support a bacterial aetiology for pouchitis.
Selective enhancement of the cardiac sympathetic response to exercise by anginal chest pain in humans.
Authors: A J McCance, J C Forfar
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Cardiac and whole body [3H]norepinephrine kinetics were used to evaluate the response of overall and cardiac sympathetic activity to supine bicycle exercise in 31 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in nine normal control subjects (group 1). Of the 31 patients with CAD, 20 developed evidence of myocardial ischemia during exercise (group 2), typical angina occurring in 20 of 20 and ischemic ST segment changes in 13 of 20, whereas 11 patients developed no evidence of ischemia (no chest pain or electrocardiographic changes) (group 3). Exercise resulted in increased total and cardiac NE spillover in all groups of patients. Basal cardiac NE spillover was similar in the three groups (group 1, 5 +/- 1 ng/min; group 2, 8 +/- 1 ng/min; group 3, 7 +/- 2 ng/min; p = NS), but during exercise, cardiac NE spillover was greater in patients who developed angina (group 2, 30 +/- 5 ng/min) than in those who did not (group 1, 17 +/- 2 ng/min; group 3, 17 +/- 2 ng/min; p less than 0.05). The increases in total NE spillover were similar in the three groups. Supine bicycle exercise increases cardiac and overall sympathetic tone in normal control subjects and in patients with CAD. The occurrence of angina selectively enhances the cardiac sympathetic response to exercise. In the absence of angina, patients with CAD and control subjects without CAD have similar sympathetic responses to exercise.
A NEW OXYGEN TENT
Authors: Alvan L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The accompanying illustration shows a new oxygen tent that provides a cooler atmosphere and is in general more comfortable to the patient than those previously described. It encloses the head and chest of the patient, being smaller than the portable tent of Barach and Binger<sup>1</sup>and larger than the head tent of Roth.<sup>2</sup>The head tent idea of Roth has been employed. The tent is suspended from an arm carried by a standard which is mounted on an easily movable four-wheeled base. The frame of the tent or hood consists of a flat piece of aluminum 2 feet square and flanged on all four sides for the attachment of the tent material. The latter consists of rubberized silk into which are attached two celluloid windows 21 inches square. The aluminum frame that forms the roof has a window of celluloid in the middle 19 inches square.
Removal of Metallic Foreign Body by Magnetic Force
Authors: Robert C. Brod
Journal: JAMA (1962)

MAGNETIC force has been used for many years to remove metallic foreign bodies from the eye. The use of this agency to remove metallic foreign bodies from other body tissues is uncommon. It is the purpose of this paper to report the mobilization of a large stainless steel suture needle from the soft tissues overlying the right buttock by use of a permanent magnet applied for a prolonged period. Case Report A 39-year-old white man sustained a large laceration of the right buttock in an automobile accident in November. 1959. During surgical closure of the wound, the surgeon told the patient that "a needle had broken in his buttock, but it would never bother him." The laceration healed well, but within several months he noticed that sitting in certain positions or twisting his hips, as in playing golf, produced an unpleasant "sticking sensation" in his right hip. Became of this
Blood clotting and contraception.
Authors: I M Nilsson, B Astedt
Journal: BMJ (1971)

endothelial stimulant clearances were esti- mated by autologous plasma haemoglobin clearance' and were found to be increased in 6 out of 10 patients with acute leukaemia, 5 out of 11 patients with chronic leukaemia, and in 8 out of 13 cases of Hodgkin's disease.Corticosteroid therapy appeared to make no difference, but those who had depressed clearances had recently been treated with radiotherapy or nitrogen mustard.The results indicate that certain tumours themselves increase the functional state of the reticuloendothelial stimulant.Increased phagocytosis in patients with carcinomata has been described by Salky et al.2 using reticuloendothelial test lipid emulsion and in Hodgkin's disease by Sheagren et al.3-I am, etc.
Autonomy for Burned Patients When Survival Is Unprecedented
Authors: Sharon H. Imbus, Bruce E. Zawacki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Abstract Altered states of consciousness often exclude the seriously burned patient from decision making in his own case. During the first few hours of hospitalization, however, even the most severely burned patient is usually alert and mentally competent. When burns are so severe that survival is unprecedented, we use an aggressive approach to decision making to preserve patient autonomy. While still lucid, and with sufficient information, the patient is asked if he wishes to choose between a full therapeutic regimen or ordinary care, reassured that with either choice, the burn team will provide the constant presence of human caring and full use of its professional skills. This approach has not changed the mortality rate of such patients, but has increased both the self-determination that they exercise and the empathy that they receive. (N Engl J Med 297:308–311, 1977)
THE RELATIONS OF THE THYROID GLANDS TO GLYCOSURIA
Authors: E. G. Grey, W. T. de Sautelle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. After thyroidectomy the glycosuria, produced by ether or adrenalin in the normal animal, is greatly reduced. 2. Thyroidless dogs fed on powdered thyroid glands show a return of glycosuria more or less proportional to the amount ingested when treated with adrenalin or ether. 3. As the thyroids regenerate the ether or adrenalin glycosuria increases similarly. The results of these experiments leave no doubt in our minds that the secretion of the thyroid glands is connected in some obscure way with the metabolism of sugar in the body or exerts some control over organs whose duty it is to participate in the sugar metabolism.
Public Access Defibrillation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Linda L. Culley, Thomas D. Rea, John A. Murray, Barbara Welles, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, Michele Olsufka, Mickey S. Eisenberg, Michael K. Copass
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The dissemination and use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) beyond traditional emergency medical services (EMS) into the community has not been fully evaluated. We evaluated the frequency and outcome of non-EMS AED use in a community experience.The investigation was a cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases due to underlying heart disease treated by public access defibrillation (PAD) between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2002, in Seattle and surrounding King County, Washington. Public access defibrillation was defined as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with AED application by persons outside traditional emergency medical services. The EMS of Seattle and King County developed a voluntary Community Responder AED Program and registry of PAD AEDs. During the 4 years, 475 AEDs were placed in a variety of settings, and more than 4000 persons were trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED operation. A total of 50 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were treated by PAD before EMS arrival, which represented 1.33% (50/3754) of all EMS-treated cardiac arrests. The proportion treated by PAD AED increased each year, from 0.82% in 1999 to 1.12% in 2000, 1.41% in 2001, and 2.05% in 2002 (P=0.019, test for trend). Half of the 50 persons treated with PAD survived to hospital discharge, with similar survival for nonmedical settings (45% [14/31]) and out-of-hospital medical settings (58% [11/19]).PAD was involved in only a small but increasing proportion of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
The Use of Charged Gold Leaf in Surgery
Authors: John P. Gallagher, Charles F. Geschickter
Journal: JAMA (1964)

COMMERCIAL GOLD LEAF, when electrostatically charged, has a remarkable hemostatic effect on wounded arteries and veins as well as on capillary bleeding. Its usefulness for this purpose and for covering sutured openings and holes in the dura mater, for the control of hemorrhage from bone, and as an agent for preventing adhesions between the dura mater and the brain, as demonstrated in the laboratory and in the human, is the subject of this report. An electrostatic charge is conferred on gold leaf merely by stroking a camel hair brush against a rubber comb and then touching the leaf with the charged brush. Accepting its electrical charge and sticking to the brush, the gold leaf can be placed then directly on the site of hemorrhage, or on any other surgical target. When the charged leaf is touched to the tissue surface, it is released immediately from the brush and clings tightly
Long-term Effects on Plasma Lipids of Diet and Drugs to Treat Hypertension
Authors: Richard H. Grimm
Journal: JAMA (1996)

- To compare long-term plasma lipid changes among 6 antihypertensive treatment interventions for stage I (mild) hypertension.- Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial.- Four academic clinical research units in the United States.- A total of 902 men and women, aged 45 to 69 years, with stage I diastolic hypertension (diastolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg), recruited from 11914 persons screened in their communities.- Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment groups: (1) placebo, (2) beta-blocker (acebutolol), (3) calcium antagonist (amlodipine), (4) diuretic (chlorthalidone), (5) alpha1-antagonist (doxazosin), and (6) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril). All groups received intensive lifestyle counseling to achieve weight loss, dietary sodium and alcohol reduction, and increased physical activity.- Changes in plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides from baseline to annual visits through 4 years.- Mean changes in all plasma lipids were favorable in all groups. The degree of weight loss with fat-modified diet and exercise was significantly related to favorable lipid changes. Significant differences (P<.01) among groups for average changes during follow-up in each lipid were observed. Decreases in plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were greater with doxazosin and acebutolol (for plasma total cholesterol, 0.36 and 0.30 mmol/L [13.8 and 11.7 mg/dL], respectively), less with chlorthalidone and placebo (0.12 and 0.13 mmol/L [4.5 and 5.1 mg/dL], respectively). Decreases in triglycerides were greater with doxazosin and enalapril, least with acebutolol. Increases in HDL cholesterol were greater with enalapril and doxazosin, least with acebutolol. Significant relative increases in plasma total cholesterol with chlorthalidone compared with placebo at 12 months were no longer present at 24 months and beyond, when mean plasma total cholesterol for the chlorthalidone group fell below baseline. Analyses of participants continuing to receive chlorthalidone throughout the 4 years of follow-up indicated this was not due solely to an increasing percentage of participants changing or discontinuing use of medication during follow-up.- Weight loss with a fat-modified diet plus increased exercise produces favorable long-term effects on blood pressure and all plasma lipid fractions of adults with stage I hypertension; blood pressure reduction is enhanced to a similar degree by addition of a drug from any one of 5 classes of antihypertensive medication. These drugs differ quantitatively in influencing the degree of long-term favorable effects on blood lipids obtained with nutritional-hygienic treatment.
Infertility websites fail to meet quality standards
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Only one in 50 health websites on infertility meets basic standards for quality and accountability.

Researchers who sampled websites using five different search engines found only four that met a set of four recognised standards. The researchers say that clinicians need to either run their own websites or act as internet gatekeepers for their patients, identifying accurate and worthwhile sites.

“Results suggest that most web sites and pages fail to post even the most minimal information that would assist the online infertile patient to make decisions about the reliability and utility of the content offered. This outcome is problematic not only for people seeking infertility information but also for clinicians,” says a report of the research ( Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 2002;47:264-8).

For the research the team, from Boston University's School of Public Health, …
Pulmonary Dead-Space Fraction as a Risk Factor for Death in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Thomas J. Nuckton, James A. Alonso, Richard H. Kallet, Brian M. Daniel, Jean-François Pittet, Mark D. Eisner, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

No single pulmonary-specific variable, including the severity of hypoxemia, has been found to predict the risk of death independently when measured early in the course of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because an increase in the pulmonary dead-space fraction has been described in observational studies of the syndrome, we systematically measured the dead-space fraction early in the course of the illness and evaluated its potential association with the risk of death.
Fluoxetine and Sexual Dysfunction-Reply
Authors: Jay B. Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Since my answer to the question of fluoxetine and sexual dysfunction, JAMA has received numerous letters disputing my statement that sexual dysfunction occurs in up to 1.9% of patients. I wish that I could claim a typing error, but I chose to quote the Physicians' Desk Reference in search of a rate of sexual dysfunction to explain the patient's delayed orgasm. Clearly, the rate of delayed ejaculation or anorgasmia is much higher than 1.9%. Indeed, drugs that inhibit serotonin reuptake may have a therapeutic effect in patients with premature ejaculation. At this time, the letters I have received from JAMA quote rates of 7.8% to 75% of patients having problems with sexual dysfunction. 1,2   Many articles address overall sexual dysfunction, including anorgasmia in patients receiving fluoxetine, but careful perusal shows small numbers of men studied. Zajecka et al 1 suggest a 7.8% incidence of sexual dysfunction in men
Oral budesonide is as effective as oral prednisolone in active Crohn’s disease
Authors: M Campieri, A Ferguson, W Doe, T Persson, L-G Nilsson
Journal: Gut (1997)

The use of corticosteroids in active Crohn's disease often becomes limited by side effects. Budesonide is a potent corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability due to an extensive first pass liver metabolism.To compare the efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of budesonide and prednisolone in patients with active Crohn's disease affecting the ileum and/or the ascending colon.One hundred and seventy eight patients were randomised to receive budesonide controlled ileal release (CIR) capsules 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, or prednisolone tablets 40 mg once daily. The treatment period was 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was clinical remission, defined as a Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) of 150 or less.After eight weeks of treatment, remission occurred in 60% of patients receiving budesonide once daily or prednisolone and in 42% of those receiving budesonide twice daily (p = 0.062). The presence of glucocorticoid associated side effects was similar in all groups; however, moon face was more common in the prednisolone group (p = 0.0005). The highest frequency of impaired adrenal function, as measured by a short ACTH test, was found in the prednisolone group (p = 0.0023).Budesonide CIR, administered at 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, is comparable to prednisolone in inducing remission in active Crohn's disease. The single dose administration is as promptly effective as prednisolone and represents a simpler and safer therapeutic approach, with a considerable reduction in side effects.
Noninvasive Characterization of the Histopathologic Features of Pulmonary Nodules of the Lung Adenocarcinoma Spectrum using Computer-Aided Nodule Assessment and Risk Yield (CANARY)—A Pilot Study
Authors: Fabien Maldonado, Jennifer M. Boland, Sushravya Raghunath, Marie Christine Aubry, Brian J. Bartholmai, Mariza deAndrade, Thomas E. Hartman, Ronald A. Karwoski, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, Anne-Marie Sykes, Ping Yang, Eunhee S. Yi, Richard A. Robb, Tobias Peikert
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)