tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute periodontal lesions
Authors: David Herrera, Bettina Alonso, Lorenzo de Arriba, Isabel Santa Cruz, Cristina Serrano, Mariano Sanz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2014)

Abstract This review provides updates on acute conditions affecting the periodontal tissues, including abscesses in the periodontium, necrotizing periodontal diseases and other acute conditions that cause gingival lesions with acute presentation, such as infectious processes not associated with oral bacterial biofilms, mucocutaneous disorders and traumatic and allergic lesions. A periodontal abscess is clinically important because it is a relatively frequent dental emergency, it can compromise the periodontal prognosis of the affected tooth and bacteria within the abscess can spread and cause infections in other body sites. Different types of abscesses have been identified, mainly classified by their etiology, and there are clear differences between those affecting a pre‐existing periodontal pocket and those affecting healthy sites. Therapy for this acute condition consists of drainage and tissue debridement, while an evaluation of the need for systemic antimicrobial therapy will be made for each case, based on local and systemic factors. The definitive treatment of the pre‐existing condition should be accomplished after the acute phase is controlled. Necrotizing periodontal diseases present three typical clinical features: papilla necrosis, gingival bleeding and pain. Although the prevalence of these diseases is not high, their importance is clear because they represent the most severe conditions associated with the dental biofilm, with very rapid tissue destruction. In addition to bacteria, the etiology of necrotizing periodontal disease includes numerous factors that alter the host response and predispose to these diseases, namely HIV infection, malnutrition, stress or tobacco smoking. The treatment consists of superficial debridement, careful mechanical oral hygiene, rinsing with chlorhexidine and daily re‐evaluation. Systemic antimicrobials may be used adjunctively in severe cases or in nonresponding conditions, being the first option metronidazole. Once the acute disease is under control, definitive treatment should be provided, including appropriate therapy for the pre‐existing gingivitis or periodontitis. Among other acute conditions affecting the periodontal tissues, but not caused by the microorganisms present in oral biofilms, infectious diseases, mucocutaneous diseases and traumatic or allergic lesions can be listed. In most cases, the gingival involvement is not severe; however, these conditions are common and may prompt an emergency dental visit. These conditions may have the appearance of an erythematous lesion, which is sometimes erosive. Erosive lesions may be the direct result of trauma or a consequence of the breaking of vesicles and bullae. A proper differential diagnosis is important for adequate management of the case.
Costs of complying with directive threaten paediatric trials
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The capacity of clinical trials for children with cancer in Europe is threatened by a struggle to find resources to conform with a European Union directive, a report says.

Increases in the bureaucracy and expense of monitoring trials, a 100-fold rise in insurance costs, and problems created by the requirement for a single European trial sponsor are among the reasons highlighted in the report from the European branch of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology ( European Journal of Cancer 2008 Aug 29, doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.026).

It says that trials for children with cancer have been particularly hard hit by the introduction of the EU Clinical Trials Directive in 2004.

“Until recently, over 70% of …
ALK-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Brady Beltran, Jorge Castillo, Renzo Salas, Pilar Quiñones, Domingo Morales, Fernando Hurtado, Luis Riva, Eric Winer
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Abstract Background Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ALK-DLBCL) is a rare lymphoma with several clinicopathological differences from ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The latest WHO classification of lymphomas recognizes ALK-DLBCL as a separate entity. Methods A comprehensive comparison was made between the clinical and pathological features of the 4 cases reported and those found in an extensive literature search using MEDLINE through December 2008. Results In our series, three cases were adults and one was pediatric. Two cases had primary extranodal disease (multifocal bone and right nasal fossa). Stages were I (n = 1), II (n = 1), III (n = 1) and IV (n = 1). Two cases had increased LDH levels and three reported B symptoms. IPI scores were 0 (n = 1), 2 (n = 2) and 3 (n = 1). All cases exhibited plasmablastic morphology. By immunohistochemistry, cases were positive for cytoplasmic ALK, MUM1, CD45, and EMA; they marked negative for CD3, CD30 and CD20. Studies for EBV and HHV-8 were negative. The survival for the patients with stage I, II, III and IV were 13, 62, 72 and 11 months, respectively. Conclusion ALK-DLBCL is a distinct variant of DLBCL with plasmacytic differentiation, which is characterized by a bimodal age incidence curve, primarily nodal involvement, plasmablastic morphology, lack of expression of CD20, aggressive behavior and poor response to standard therapies, although some cases can have prolonged survival as the cases reported in this study. ALK-DLBCL does not seem associated to immunosuppression or the presence of EBV or HHV8. Further prospective studies are needed to optimize therapies for this entity.
Severe and Fatal Complications After Diagnostic and Therapeutic ERCP: A Prospective Series of Claims to Insurance Covering Public Hospitals
Authors: R. Trap, S. Adamsen, O. Hart-Hansen, M. Henriksen
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Increasing numbers of patients are undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and more departments and doctors are performing ERCP, while new data from large prospective series have documented the risks of both diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP. The establishment in Denmark of a Patient Insurance Association, which has covered injury caused during investigation and treatment in public hospitals since July 1992, has made it possible to collect and analyze a large prospective series of ERCP complications for which compensation has been claimed.
Henry B. Perlman, MD
Authors: William R. Slakey
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chlamydia pneumoniae and COPD exacerbation
Authors: T A R Seemungal
Journal: Thorax (2002)

such duplication is entirely appropriate, as surely it is our duty as educators to disseminate information to as wide an audience as possible.Fraud in any shape or form in science is to be wholly deplored, but let us not be so zealous in its pursuit that we smear the innocent to the detriment of us all.
Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study of 68 episodes
Authors: V Falco, T Fernandez de Sevilla, J Alegre, J Barbe, A Ferrer, I Ocana, E Ribera, JM Martinez-Vazquez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We collected clinical and microbiological observations, as well as follow-up on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with bacterial pneumonia, and compared pneumococcal pneumonia in patients with and without HIV infection. Fifty five HIV-infected patients, who had had 68 episodes of bacterial pneumonia, were studied prospectively. Twenty one HIV-infected patients with pneumococcal pneumonia were compared to 69 non-HIV-infected patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Aetiological diagnosis was established in 48 cases (71%). The most common causative agents were S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Sixty percent of episodes took place in asymptomatic carriers of HIV infection and 37% in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Overall mortality was 10%. Fifty five percent of patients with follow-up had recurrent episodes. Bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia was more frequent in HIV- than in non-HIV-infected patients, and the mortality of pneumococcal pneumonia was also higher in HIV- (19%) than in non-HIV-infected (4.3%) patients. We conclude that bacterial pneumonia is a frequent problem in HIV-infected patients and that recurrent episodes are common. The clinical presentation of pneumococcal pneumonia is generally indistinguishable from that occurring in normal hosts, but bacteraemia is more common and the mortality is higher in HIV-infected patients.
Haptoglobin reduces renal oxidative DNA and tissue damage during phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis
Authors: Yew Koon Lim, Andrew Jenner, Azhar Bin Ali, Yanping Wang, Stephen I-Hong Hsu, Siew Meng Chong, Heinz Baumman, Barry Halliwell, Sai-Kiang Lim
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Metabolic and Clinical Outcomes in Nondiabetic Individuals With the Metabolic Syndrome Assigned to Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine, or Lisinopril as Initial Treatment for Hypertension
Authors: Henry R. Black, Barry Davis, Joshua Barzilay, Chuke Nwachuku, Charles Baimbridge, Horia Marginean, Jackson T. Wright, Jan Basile, Nathan D. Wong, Paul Whelton, Richard A. Dart, Udho Thadani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Optimal initial antihypertensive drug therapy in people with the metabolic syndrome is unknown.We conducted a subgroup analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) to compare metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes in individuals assigned to initial hypertension treatment with a thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone), a calcium channel blocker (CCB; amlodipine), or an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) in nondiabetic individuals with or without metabolic syndrome.In participants with metabolic syndrome, at 4 years of follow-up, the incidence of newly diagnosed diabetes (fasting glucose >or=126 mg/dl) was 17.1% for chlorthalidone, 16.0% for amlodipine (P = 0.49, chlorthalidone vs. amlodipine) and 12.6% for lisinopril (P < 0.05, lisinopril vs. chlorthalidone). For those without metabolic syndrome, the rate of newly diagnosed diabetes was 7.7% for chlorthalidone, 4.2% for amlodipine, and 4.7% for lisinopril (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). There were no differences in relative risks (RRs) for outcomes with amlodipine compared with chlorthalidone in those with metabolic syndrome; in those without metabolic syndrome, there was a higher risk for heart failure (RR 1.55 [95% CI 1.25-1.35]). In comparison with lisinopril, chlorthalidone was superior in those with metabolic syndrome with respect to heart failure (1.31 [1.04-1.64]) and combined cardiovascular disease (CVD) (1.19 [1.07-1.32]). No significant treatment group-metabolic syndrome interaction was noted.Despite a less favorable metabolic profile, thiazide-like diuretic initial therapy for hypertension offers similar, and in some instances possibly superior, CVD outcomes in older hypertensive adults with metabolic syndrome, as compared with treatment with CCBs and ACE inhibitors.
THE QUANTITY OF IRRADIATED NON-VIRULENT RABIES VIRUS REQUIRED TO IMMUNIZE MICE AND DOGS
Authors: L. T. Webster, J. Casals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

In the experiments described above, we found with respect to tissue culture rabies virus that 1 cc., which contains approximately 50,000 mouse intracerebral lethal doses, properly irradiated, was required to immunize a mouse; 500 cc., which contain 25,000,000 doses, were required to immunize a 20 pound beagle dog. Tissue culture virus concentrated ten times proved capable of immunizing mice in a dose one-tenth as large as that required for unconcentrated culture virus. Brain virus suspensions were centrifuged so as to remove a large part of the tissue particles without striking loss in the virulence of the supernatant. The centrifuged supernatants of 1 to 5 per cent brain virus suspensions were irradiated so as to destroy virulence and yet retain immunizing potency. Irradiated supernatants of mouse brain virus proved capable of immunizing mice as well as or better than similar supernatants treated with chloroform. 0.1 cc. of a 1 per cent irradiated dog brain virus containing approximately 50,000 mouse intracerebral lethal doses immunized mice effectively.
Healthy diet markedly reduces type 2 diabetes risk in ethnic minority women, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Eating a healthy diet is associated with a greatly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in women and particularly benefits those from ethnic minorities, a 28 year follow-up study of nearly 200 000 US women has found.

Researchers analysed diet and health data on 156 030 non-Hispanic white women, 2026 Asian women, 2053 Hispanic women, and 2307 black women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Participants were followed up for 28 years, and they …
Human sulfite oxidase deficiency. Characterization of the molecular defect in a multicomponent system.
Authors: J L Johnson, K V Rajagopalan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Frozen liver tissue from an individual identified several years ago as sulfite oxidase deficient has been reexamined in light of new knowledge which has been obtained regarding the enzyme. It has been established that hepatic molybdenum levels and xanthine oxidase activity were within normal values and comparable to those observed in control samples preserved from the original study along with the deficient tissue sample. The ability of the patient's liver to synthesize the specific molybdenum cofactor required for activation of de-molybdo sulfite oxidase also appears to have been unimpaired. Using an antibody preparation directed against rat liver sulfite oxidase which also inhibits and precipitates the human enzyme, it has been determined that cross-reacting material with determinants recognized by inhibiting antibodies is absent in the liver sample from the deficient patient. Immunodiffusion experiments gave strong precipitin bands against the control liver extracts, but showed no detectable precipitin reaction between the deficient liver extract and the antibody preparation. The relationship of these findings to a second patient recently identified as sulfite oxidase deficient and to an animal model of the disease are discussed.
High-contrast imaging (FICE) improves visualization of gastrointestinal vascular ectasias
Authors: D. Ringold, S. Sikka, B. Banerjee
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Vascular ectasia or arteriovenous malformations account for about 5 % – 10 % of upper and nearly 30 % of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but can sometimes be difficult to detect during endoscopy [1] [2] [3]. High-contrast imaging is useful in displaying microvasculature in neoplasia [4] [5]. We used the Fujinon Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE™) system, (Fujinon, Inc. Wayne, New Jersey, USA), and noted the ease with which gastrointestinal blood vessels could be displayed at preset 4 ([Fig. 1]).
Scalp necrosis in giant cell arteritis: Case report and review of the relevance of this cutaneous sign of large-vessel vasculitis
Authors: Athanasios Tsianakas, Jan M. Ehrchen, Dagmar Presser, Tobias Fischer, Birgit Kruse-Loesler, Thomas A. Luger, Cord Sunderkoetter
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
Chest Pain Relief by Nitroglycerin Does Not Predict Active Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Charles A. Henrikson, Eric E. Howell, David E. Bush, J. Shawn Miles, Glenn R. Meininger, Tracy Friedlander, Andrew C. Bushnell, Nisha Chandra-Strobos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: The belief that chest pain relief with nitroglycerin indicates the presence of active coronary artery disease is common. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. Objective: To define the diagnostic and prognostic value of chest pain relief with nitroglycerin. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Urban community teaching hospital. Patients: 459 consecutive patients with chest pain admitted through the emergency department who received nitroglycerin from emergency services personnel or an emergency department nurse. Follow-up was obtained by telephone contact at 4 months. Measurements: Chest pain relief was defined as a decrease of at least 50% in patients' self-reported pain within 5 minutes of the initial dose of sublingual or spray nitroglycerin. Active coronary artery disease was defined as any elevated serum enzyme levels, coronary angiography demonstrating a 70% or greater stenosis, or a positive exercise test result. Results: Nitroglycerin relieved chest pain in 39% of patients (181 of 459). In patients with active coronary artery disease as the likely cause of their chest pain, 35% (49 of 141) had chest pain relief with nitroglycerin. In contrast, in patients without active coronary artery disease, 41% (113 of 275) had chest pain relief (P > 0.2). Four-month clinical outcomes were similar in patients with or without chest pain relief with nitroglycerin (P > 0.2). Conclusions: These data suggest that, in a general population admitted for chest pain, relief of pain after nitroglycerin treatment does not predict active coronary artery disease and should not be used to guide diagnosis.
Ultrastructural analysis of human skin biopsy specimens from patients receiving recombinant human stem cell factor: Subcutaneous injection of rhSCF induces dermal mast cell degranulation and granulocyte recruitment at the injection site☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Ann M. Dvorak, John J. Costa, Rita A. Monahan-Earley, Patricia Fox, Stephen J. Galli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Chromosome 2p gain in monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis and in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sonia Fabris, Laura Mosca, Giovanna Cutrona, Marta Lionetti, Luca Agnelli, Gabriella Ciceri, Marzia Barbieri, Francesco Maura, Serena Matis, Monica Colombo, Massimo Gentile, Anna Grazia Recchia, Emanuela Anna Pesce, Francesco Di Raimondo, Caterina Musolino, Marco Gobbi, Nicola Di Renzo, Francesca Romana Mauro, Maura Brugiatelli, Fiorella Ilariucci, Maria Grazia Lipari, Francesco Angrilli, Ugo Consoli, Alberto Fragasso, Stefano Molica, Gianluca Festini, Iolanda Vincelli, Agostino Cortelezzi, Massimo Federico, Fortunato Morabito, Manlio Ferrarini, Antonino Neri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Recent studies have described chromosome 2p gain as a recurrent lesion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We investigated the 2p gain and its relationship with common prognostic biomarkers in a prospective series of 69 clinical monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (cMBL) and 218 early stage (Binet A) CLL patients. The 2p gain was detected by FISH in 17 patients (6%, 16 CLL, and 1 cMBL) and further characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism-array. Overall, unfavorable cytogenetic deletions, i.e., del(11)(q23) and del(17)(p13) (P = 0.002), were significantly more frequent in 2p gain cases, as well as unmutated status of IGHV (P < 1 × 10(-4) ) and CD38 (P < 1 × 10(-4) ) and ZAP-70 positive expression (P = 0.003). Furthermore, 2p gain patients had significantly higher utilization of stereotyped B-cell receptors compared with 2p negative patients (P = 0.009), and the incidence of stereotyped subset #1 in 2p gain patients was significantly higher than that found in the remaining CLLs (P = 0.031). Transcriptional profiling analysis identified several genes significantly upregulated in 2p gain CLLs, most of which mapped to 2p. Among these, NCOA1 and ROCK2 are known for their involvement in tumor progression in several human cancers, whereas among those located in different chromosomes, CAV1 at 7q31.1 has been recently identified to play a critical role in CLL progression. Thus, 2p gain can be present since the early stages of the disease, particularly in those cases characterized by other poor prognosis markers. The finding of genes upregulated in the cells with 2p gain provides new insights to define the pathogenic role of this lesion.
Clinical and Angiographic Predictors of Restenosis After Stent Deployment in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nick E.J. West, Peter N. Ruygrok, Clemens M.C. Disco, Mark W.I. Webster, Wietze K. Lindeboom, William W. O’Neill, Nestor F. Mercado, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Restenosis and consequent adverse cardiac events are increased in diabetics undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Use of intracoronary stents may ameliorate such risks; however, factors influencing the likelihood of restenosis after stent deployment in this high-risk patient subgroup are unknown. Methods and Results— We retrospectively analyzed all stented diabetic patients in 16 studies of percutaneous coronary intervention, all of which underwent core angiographic analysis at Cardialysis, Rotterdam. Univariate and multivariate analyses, with 37 clinical and angiographic variables, compared those with and without restenosis and predicted restenosis rates calculated through the use of reference charts derived from angiographic data. Within the studies, 418 of 3090 (14%) stented patients with 6-month angiographic follow-up had diabetes. Restenosis (≥50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) occurred in 550 of 2672 (20.6%) nondiabetic and 130 of 418 (31.1%) diabetic patients ( P &lt;0.001). Univariate predictors of restenosis in diabetics were smaller vessel reference diameter (RD) ( P &lt;0.001), smaller minimal luminal diameter before stenting ( P =0.01), smaller minimal luminal diameter and percent diameter stenosis after stenting ( P &lt;0.001, P =0.04), greater stented length of vessel ( P &lt;0.001), and reduced body mass index (BMI) ( P =0.04). With the use of multivariate analysis, only smaller RD ( P =0.003), greater stented length of vessel ( P =0.04), and reduced BMI ( P =0.04) were associated with restenosis. Reference charts demonstrated an incremental risk of restenosis that appears solely dependent on vessel RD. Conclusions— Restenosis after stent deployment is significantly increased in diabetic patients. Vessel caliber, stented length of vessel, and lower BMI are predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, vessel caliber affected the predicted risk of restenosis incrementally.