tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Na–H exchanger revisited: an update on Na–H exchange regulation and the role of the exchanger in hypertension and cardiac function in health and disease
Authors: Otto Fröhlich, Morris Karmazyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Time for primary review 21 days.

The Spotlight Issue of Cardiovascular Research , published in early 1995, was dedicated to various aspects of the Na–H exchanger (NHE) as they pertain to the cardiovascular system. It is appropriate to state that since the publication of that issue major strides have occurred which serve to enhance our understanding and appreciation of the importance of this major pH regulatory process in the cardiovascular system, both with respect to normal homeostasis as well as pathology. This brief revue has been written in order to provide an ‘update’ on developments in this active field since the publication of the Cardiovascular Research Spotlight Issue, again with a focus on the cardiovascular system in health and disease. The review is not intended as an exhaustive treatment of this topic, but rather it concentrates on recent developments and, accordingly, the authors have relied primarily on publications which have appeared in 1994 and later, except when an earlier article was deemed appropriate to reinforce a particular concept. For readers interested in comprehensive discussion of the NHE, particularly with respect to cardiovascular function, a number of recent reviews [1–4]and a monograph [5]can be recommended.

At the time the reviews of the Spotlight Issue on the NHE were prepared, four exchanger gene isoforms were known to exist in mammals. This list has now been expanded by a fifth NHE gene and possibly even a sixth. NHE-1 has been recognized for some time as the ubiquitous ‘housekeeping’ isoform. It participates in the regulation of cytoplasmic pH and volume of the cells, which includes, of course, the cardiac myocyte (but is not the sole mechanism responsible for these functions). The function of NHE-2, which is found in renal and intestinal epithelia, is still is not well understood although it had been … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: (+1-519) 6613872; Fax: (+1-519) 6614051; E-mail: mkarm@julian.uwo.ca
Fulminant Meningococcemia After Splenectomy
Authors: Frederick F. Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1981)

FULMINANT bacterial infections complicated by shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported after splenectomy for trauma.<sup>1-3</sup>The majority of these infections are caused by bacteria with polysaccharide capsules; pneumococci are demonstrated in half of the cases.<sup>4</sup>We report two cases of atypical Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome from meningococcemia in asplenic young women who did not manifest skin lesions. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 17-year-old girl came to a small hospital emergency room with a one-day history of fever. Malaise and transient blurred vision were noted. About eight hours previously her roommate noted her to be confused. Medical history included a splenectomy after abdominal trauma at age 13 years. She was cyanotic and unresponsive in the emergency room. No skin lesions were present. Shortly after arrival she had a cardiac arrest, and resuscitation measures were unsuccessful. Autopsy showed purulent meningitis, splenosis, and scleral, pulmonary, and bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. Typing
NSAID Trials and the Choice of Comparators — Questions of Public Health Importance
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Noel S. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Robert Califf on COX-2 inhibitors and study design. (05:51)Download Under ideal conditions, large clinical trials would be designed so that they satisfied the marketing needs of the pharmaceutical manufacturers that generally sponsor them and, at the same time, answered important clinical questions that may have a major influence on public health. In practice, however, alternative choices in trial design often favor one of these two goals. The choice of the reference treatment in active-comparator studies is an excellent example.For nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which all relieve arthritis pain, the question of greatest interest in randomized trials involves the incidence of adverse events. The more selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors . . .
Redistribution on I-123 IMP SPECT in Children and Adolescents With Partial Seizures
Authors: KATSUAKI TAKAHASHI, IKUO ODANO, NAOYA TAKAHASHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

To evaluate the redistribution phenomenon on delayed I-123 IMP SPECT images of children and adolescents with partial seizures, 25 patients were selected and investigated in the interictal state. Early and delayed SPECT were performed 15-20 minutes and 5 hours, respectively, after I-123 IMP injection. Redistribution patterns were classified into three groups: 1) redistribution (RD) (-) group (n = 5), in which a low-uptake area on the early image persisted or was enlarged on the delayed image, 2) RD (+) group (n = 14), in which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to normal distribution on the delayed image, and 3) marked redistribution (MRD) (+) group (n = 6), in which a low-uptake area on the early image changed to a high uptake area on the delayed image. Among the patients who were followed for at least 12 months after the SPECT scans, the short-term clinical outcome tended to be good in the RD (+) group, intermediate in the MRD (+) group, and poor in the RD (-) group. These results of our preliminary comparative study indicate that the redistribution pattern of I-123 IMP may be related to the clinical aspects in patients with partial seizures and that it may play an important role in predicting their short-term clinical outcome.
Coronary vasodilator reserve. Comparison of the effects of papaverine and adenosine on coronary flow, ventricular function, and myocardial metabolism.
Authors: C W Christensen, L B Rosen, R A Gal, M Haseeb, T A Lassar, S C Port
Journal: Circulation (1991)

To evaluate coronary flow reserve during cardiac catheterization, intracoronary adenosine and papaverine have been used in the clinical setting. Although papaverine maximizes coronary blood flow, it induces several toxic side effects that reduce its desirability as a coronary dilator. This investigation was designed to compare the subselective intracoronary administration of papaverine with that of adenosine in an animal model. In dogs (n = 34), we studied the effects of each agent on hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, contractility (sonomicrometric and echocardiographic), metabolism (coronary arterial and venous lactate and tissue high-energy phosphates), and electrocardiographic (ST and QT intervals) parameters. Barbiturate and morphine anesthesia/analgesia was induced, and a left thoracotomy was performed. An arterial shunt was created from the left carotid artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Two separate groups were studied: group 1 (n = 16) for regional myocardial blood flow and mechanical function and group 2 (n = 18) for biochemical measurements. Adenosine (67 +/- 2 micrograms/min) or papaverine (6 +/- 1 mg/min) was infused into the coronary shunt at a rate of 0.5 + 0.1 ml/min for a maximum duration of 3.5 minutes. Regional myocardial blood flows were determined at control (predrug) and maximal coronary flow using radiolabeled microspheres. All hemodynamic, wall motion, biochemical, and electrocardiographic parameters were also measured at these times. Both drugs produced comparable increases in total and regional coronary blood flows (adenosine, 1.21 +/- 0.15 to 4.83 +/- 0.36 ml/min/g; papaverine, 1.21 +/- 0.05 to 4.89 +/- 0.28 ml/min/g) upon infusion into the left anterior descending coronary artery. Papaverine produced significant (p less than 0.05) changes in subendocardial ST segment electrocardiogram (-2.5 mm), QT prolongation (8 +/- 2%), myocardial creatine phosphate (47% decrease), and coronary sinus serum lactate (277% increase) compared with control. In addition, intracoronary papaverine induced an abnormal contractile pattern. No significant changes in any of these parameters (i.e., ST segment, QT prolongation, myocardial creatine phosphate level, or lactate level) were observed with intracoronary adenosine infusions. We conclude that intracoronary adenosine is comparable to papaverine for maximizing coronary blood flow without the deleterious properties observed with intracoronary papaverine.
Dermatomyositis following chronic staphylococcal joint sepsis.
Authors: S Lane, M Doherty, R J Powell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A young man is reported with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus joint sepsis associated with dermatomyositis. His dermatomyositis failed to resolve on treatment with antimicrobial agents alone, indicating that if staphylococcal infection was the triggering event for the dermatomyositis then the subsequent process was apparently self perpetuating, requiring cytotoxic agents for its control. This case can be interpreted as possible further evidence for the triggering of autoimmune disease by infective agents.
Use of CAT scanning in the diagnosis and management of hepatic artery aneurysm.
Authors: C C Kibbler, D L Cohen, J K Cruicshank, S S Kushwaha, M Y Morgan, R D Dick
Journal: Gut (1985)

Thailand's experience in introducing renal replacement therapy as part of its universal health coverage scheme shows the importance of evidence and stakeholders' active participation in all phases of policy development, say <b>Sripen Tantivess and colleagues</b>
Prognostic Value of Admission Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Glucose in Nondiabetic Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jorik R. Timmer, Miriam Hoekstra, Maarten W.N. Nijsten, Iwan C.C. van der Horst, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Robbert J. Slingerland, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Henk J.G. Bilo, Felix Zijlstra, Arnoud W.J. van 't Hof
Journal: Circulation (2011)

In nondiabetic patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, acute hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcome. Whether this association is due merely to hyperglycemia as an acute stress response or whether longer-term glycometabolic derangements are also involved is uncertain. It was our aim to determine the association between both acute and chronic hyperglycemia (hemoglobin A(₁c) [HbA(₁c)]) and outcome in nondiabetic patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.This observational study included consecutive patients (n=4176) without known diabetes mellitus admitted with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. All patients were treated with primary percutaneous intervention. Both glucose and HbA(1c) were measured on admission. Main outcome measure was total long-term mortality; secondary outcome measures were 1-year mortality and enzymatic infarct size. One-year mortality was 4.7%, and mortality after total follow-up (3.3 ± 1.5 years) was 10%. Both elevated HbA(1c) levels (P<0.001) and elevated admission glucose (P<0.001) were associated with 1-year and long-term mortality. After exclusion of early mortality (within 30 days), HbA(₁c) remained associated with long-term mortality (P<0.001), whereas glucose lost significance (P=0.09). Elevated glucose, but not elevated HbA(₁c), was associated with larger infarct size. After multivariate analysis, HbA(₁c) (hazard ratio, 1.2 per interquartile range; P<0.01), but not glucose, was independently associated with long-term mortality.In nondiabetic patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, both elevated admission glucose and HbA(₁c) levels were associated with adverse outcome. Both of these parameters reflect different patient populations, and their association with outcome is probably due to different mechanisms. Measurement of both parameters enables identification of these high-risk groups for aggressive secondary risk prevention.
Needle Sharing and AIDS in Minorities
Authors: Debra L. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Education remains at the center of current strategies to stem the spread of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus. This places a greater emphasis on investigations to provide crucial information for these efforts at prevention. One of the recurring themes in these studies conducted in the United States has been the disproportionately greater risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in ethnic minorities. This greater prevalence of HIV in minorities is exemplified in the number of persons meeting the Centers for Disease Control definition of AIDS among adults and in the pediatric age group.<sup>1</sup>Seroprevalence studies among military recruits,<sup>2</sup>intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs),<sup>3</sup>3 homosexual/bisexual men,<sup>4</sup>and prostitutes<sup>5</sup>also demonstrate higher rates of HIV infection among blacks and Hispanics. The distribution of various modes of HIV acquisition differed between minority group members and whites.<sup>1</sup>Cases of AIDS attributed to intravenous drug
Transient Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery
Authors: Sidney A. Hollin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Four patients with arteriographically demonstrated occlusion of the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery were found, by subsequent arteriograms or postmortem examination, to have middle cerebral artery patency. Similar cases have been reported in the literature. The frequency of vessel patency after apparent occlusion is undetermined; its pathogenesis is not well understood. The finding of a patent vessel after previous angiographically demonstrated occlusion cannot be used as definite evidence of a beneficial effect from thrombolytic or other therapies.
Heroin-Induced Pulmonary Edema
Authors: URI I. FRAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The use of heroin is associated with pulmonary abnormalities resulting from the chronic effects of heroin addiction, the effects of heroin overdose, and acute pulmonary edema. Chronic heroin addiction results in a slight decrease of vital capacity and a mild to moderate decrease of diffusing capacity. Heroin overdose is characterized clinically by hypoventilation and coma and functionally by moderately severe hypoxemia, mild reduction of vital capacity, and normal diffusing capacity. Heroin pulmonary edema is extensive, and the acute effects on lung function are similar to those of other types of pulmonary edema: profound hypoxemia, right-to-left physiologic shunt, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, decreased lung volumes, decreased compliance, and unchanged expiratory flow rates. The diffusing capacity, however, is only moderately decreased. Clinical, radiologic, and arterial blood gas improvements are rapid and complete within a few days. Vital capacity and dynamic compliance improve slowly, and diffusing capacity remains unchanged for several weeks.
Quality Improvement Interventions in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Soichiro Nagamatsu, Craig R. Weinert
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ENDOMETRIAL TUMORS IN ABDOMINAL SCARS
Authors: MARION DOUGLASS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The occurrence of tumors resembling endometrial tissue in abdominal wounds has been reported infrequently. It is in these cases which appear to be the result of "seed implantation" of endometrial cells that the theory of direct transtubal dissemination of endometrium-like tumors throughout the pelvis has one of its strongest proofs. The work of Sampson on the etiology of heterotopic endometrial tumors has brought forward many questions of fundamental importance. Acceptance of the transtubal dissemination theory has been general but recently objections have been raised (Novak, Ewing) which would seem to point out that tubal dissemination and implantation may account for only a relatively small percentage of the endometrial lesions of the female pelvis. These lesions occur in abdominal wounds. Heaney<sup>1</sup>reported two cases and reviewed seven others following operative procedures on the pregnant uterus. In all, twenty-nine cases have been reported, and in several cases the uterus was not
Utility of 67Ga Scintigraphy in Disseminated Infection After BCG Instillation for Treatment of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Maria Luz Dominguez, Avelino Ortiz, Juan Ignacio Rayo, Justo Serrano, Jose Rafael Infante, Lucia Garcia, Carmen Duran
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Intravesical instillations of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder cancer. Local side effects are frequent, although adverse systemic reactions are uncommon, but more serious. We present 2 patients who developed disseminated M. bovis infection with multiorgan involvement after intravesical BCG therapy. 67Ga scintigraphy was very helpful for the diagnosis as the only imaging tool with pathological findings.
Abstract 4295: High-throughput screening of osteosarcoma progression: A zebrafish model
Authors: Alexander B. Mohseny, Wei Xiao, Ralph Carvalho, Herman P. Spaink, Pancras CW Hogendoorn, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour of non-hematologic origin. The survival of the patients has reached a plateau phase partly due to a poor understanding of osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. Previously we identified murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) that formed aggressive osteosarcoma-like lesions after injection in mice (Mohseny et al. J Pathol. 2009 Nov;219(3):294-305). In the current study we aimed to set up a high-throughput model to confirm the mMSCs transformation and to investigate further progression of these cells in vivo. Methods: The mMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 as well as BALB/c mice and cultured for 8 months. Cells of early and late passages were labeled with a fluorescent dye (CM- Dil) and injected into the yolk sacs of 2-days old transgenic zebrafish embryos with GFP labeled vascular system. The embryos were subjected to live imaging for 3 days to screen for cell homing, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Subsequently genome wide mRNA expression analysis for both zebrafish and mouse transcripts was performed. Results: The mMSCs were confirmed to transform in vitro after a period of crisis. High passage mMSCs, i.e. after the transformation, could proliferate, migrate into the fish body and induce angiogenesis whereas low passage MSCs, i.e. prior to transformation, did not. The microarray expression study was technically feasible as mouse transcripts from injected cells were detectable among the more abundant zebrafish RNA. Conclusions: The present study corroborates mMSCs transformation during long-term in vitro culturing. Furthermore it provides an efficient zebrafish model for studying mMSCs tumourigenic progression to characterize clinical relevant processes like migration and angiogenesis. After analyzing both mMSCs and zebrafish embryos on gene-expression level, the differential behavior of normal and transformed mMSCs as well as the host response can provide new insights into osteosarcoma progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4295. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4295
A new method of lateral compensation of acoustic power for homogenous acoustic field: its efficacy at intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: Tsutomu Toshida, Kentaro Ohtani, Jyuri Okazaki, Hideo Hirayama, Yasushi Kashiwagi, Sachiko Yagura, Akiko Iwata, Toshihiko Asanuma, Fuminobu Ishikura, Tetsuya Kawagishi, Yoshitaka Mine, Shintaro Beppu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE TRANSPORT AND EXCRETION OF URIC ACID IN MAN. I. TRUE URIC ACID IN NORMAL CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, IN PLASMA, AND IN ULTRAFILTRATES OF PLASMA
Authors: W. Q. Wolfson, R. Levine, M. Tinsley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Human cerebrospinal fluid has been reported to contain a relatively small concentration of uric acid compared to that of plasma (cf.Table II).How- ever, it is not known what proportion of these re- ported uric acid values is due to chromogenic sub- stances similar to those giving the color reaction for uric acid in plasma (1).The introduction of en- zymatic methods for determining uric acid specifically (2 to 5) has made reexamination of spinal fluid values advisable, particularly with regard to their relation to plasma ultrafiltrates. SUBJECTSCerebrospinal fluids 2 were obtained by lumbar puncture from individuals suspected of neurosyphilis and from others undergoing routine follow-up after antiluetic therapy.Those fluids which were serologically and Pandy negative were combined into 10-ml.pools, each pool representing 5 individuals.Total protein was then determined on each pool and those with a content of less than 35 mgm.per 100 ml.were considered satisfactory for study.Ventricular fluids were obtained during diagnostic ventriculography on neurological patients without mass lesions or inflammatory intracranial disease.Plasma for ultrafiltration was obtained from 2 normal subjects on diets of varying purine content.The results quoted in the text are the average of 8 determinations on one subject and 5 on the second. METHODSUric acid was determined in plasma, plasma ultra- filtrates, and in cerebrospinal fluid by a modification of the method of Buchanan, Block and Christman (2) for the Evelyn photoelectric colorimeter.The essentials of this determination and the terms used in reporting results are as follows:1.A 1-ml. aliquot of the specimen is deproteinated and the color developed with the arsenophosphotungstic acid