tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
282. Effects of Fas Ligand on Inflammation and Tumor Survival Are Dependent on Its Expression Levels
Authors: Masatoshi Tagawa, Akihiko Wada, Jiyang O-Wang, Kiyoko Kawamura, Osamu Shimozato, Yuji Tada, Yuichi Takiguchi, Koichiro Tatsumi, Takayuki Kuriyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed in a variety of human carcers and has been implicated in tumor evasion by inducing apoptosis of activated Fas-positive cytotoxic T cells. Experimental studies however demonstrated that ectopic expression of FasL in muirne tumors triggered neutrophils-mediated inflammatory responses and subsequently produces tumor rejection. To understand the mechanism of these conflicting observations, we established murine melanoma and lung carcinoma lines expressing different levels of FasL and examined their tumorigenicity in syngeneic mice. Expression of FasL on tumors was determined by in vitro cytotoxicity to Fas-positive cell. Tumors with a high level of FasL were rapidly rejected in immunocompetent mice, while those expressing a low level of FasL were not rejected and grew faster than FasL-negative parental tumors. The growth enhancement of FasL-low tumors was not observed in T cell-defective nude mice, suggesting that FasL expressed on tumors at a low level counteracted against T cell-dependent antitumor responses. In support of this notion, growth of FasL-low tumors was greater than that of parental tumors in the mice that had developed tumor-specific immunity. Histological examinations revealed that infiltration of neutrophils depended on the expression level of FasL and that apoptosis of lymphocytes was detected in the vicinity of FasL-low tumors. These results suggest that FasL on tumors has dual function, antitumor effects and tumor evasion, which are determined by its expression level.
Anatomy for Surgeons
Authors: W. J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Despite limited detection in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the conjugate vaccine era, serotype 5 Streptococcus pneumoniae persists as an important cause of non-invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (NIPP) in adults. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of patients with serotype 5 disease. A secondary analysis of patients with confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia was conducted from a prospective cohort study of adults hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia between September 2013 and August 2018. Pneumococcal serotypes were identified from urine samples using a multiplex immunoassay (Bioplex24) and from positive blood cultures by phenotypic or genetic serotyping. Patients with serotype 5 were compared to those with non-serotype 5 pneumococcal pneumonia; appropriate summary statistics and univariate odds ratios were calculated. No difference in age, gender or baseline performance status was observed between serotype 5 (n=60) and non-serotype 5 (n=977) cases. More patients with serotype 5 had chronic lung disease (41.7 vs 27.3%, OR 1.90 95% CI 1.11-3.24) or were immunosuppressed (11.7 vs 4.9%, OR 2.56 95% CI 1.10-5.95). There was no observed difference in disease severity, critical care admission or thirty day mortality between the groups. A higher proportion of serotype 5 cases were vaccinated against seasonal influenza (73.3 vs 53.1%, OR 2.43 95% CI 1.35-4.38) or had received the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prior to their index admission (81.7 vs 48.4%, OR 4.75 95% CI 2.42-9.32). Serotype 5 pneumococcal pneumonia appears more common in patients with chronic lung disease or immunosuppression. A high proportion of patients with serotype 5 were previously vaccinated.
Treatment of postnatal depression in low-income mothers in primary-care clinics in Santiago, Chile: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Graciela Rojas, Rosemarie Fritsch, Jaime Solis, Enrique Jadresic, Cristóbal Castillo, Marco González, Viviana Guajardo, Glyn Lewis, Tim J Peters, Ricardo Araya
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Rheumatoid factors specific for active rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D T Noritake, K K Colburn, G Chan, R H Weisbart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

To measure rheumatoid factors specific for patients with rheumatoid arthritis an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure rheumatoid factors in human serum that bind a cross-reactive determinant shared on human and other mammalian IgG. Rheumatoid factors that cross link human IgG and sheep IgG in a double binding ELISA were almost completely specific (greater than 99%) for rheumatoid arthritis in assays of 108 sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with 231 sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases and 365 sera from healthy subjects and patients without these diseases. Moreover, positive tests occurred primarily in patients with active arthritis (r = 0.68). In contrast, these rheumatoid factor autoantibodies were not detected in sera from most of the patients with other autoimmune diseases, including patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These results show that rheumatoid factors identified in human sera by the double binding test are specific for active rheumatoid arthritis.
Autologous skeletal myoblasts transplanted to ischemia-damaged myocardium in humans
Authors: Francis D Pagani, Harout DerSimonian, Agatha Zawadzka, Kristie Wetzel, Albert S.B Edge, Douglas B Jacoby, Jonathan H Dinsmore, Susan Wright, Tom H Aretz, Howard J Eisen, Keith D Aaronson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
D3-06: Correlation of cytidine deaminase and DNA repair genes polymorphisms with response and survival in gemcitabine/cisplatin treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Carmelo Tibaldi, Elisa Giovannetti, Enrico Vasile, Valentina Mey, Sara Nannizzi, Irene Stasi, Cinzia Orlandini, Mario Del Tacca, Alfredo Falcone, Romano Danesi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Abstract P5-03-12: Targeting breast cancer stem cells using the autopahgy inhibitor N-Acetyl cysteine
Authors: B Dave, S Granados, S Mitra, JC Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: One in eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States. The most aggressive form of breast cancer is the “triple negative breast cancer” (TNBCs), where there is a lack of expression of all three receptors, namely ER, PR and HER2 and a lack of targeted therapies lead to the highest relapse rate in breast cancer. This makes it imperative to identify and target the mechanism of relapse of this cancer. We have recently identified autophagy as a mechanism of tumor resistant cell survival in breast cancer. We have demonstrated an increase in autophagy in chemotherapy treated patients. Further, we have shown that addition of a stem cell inhibitor against NOTCH reduces autophagy and stem cells population. In order to eliminate these tumor resistant cells from surviving chemotherapy, we plan to target the cell survival pathway of autophagy using N-acetyl csyteine as a novel inhibitor. Materials and Methods: We treated three triple negative cell lines (SUM159, BT549 and MDA-MB231) with varying concentrations of N-acetyl cysteine and determined its impact on tumor initiating cells via mammosphere formation and FACS sorting of CD44hi/CD24low cells. N-acetyl cysteine affects mitochondrial metabolism so we tested its impact on mitochondrial DNA mass. Results: N-acetyl cysteine significantly decreased TIC population as evidenced by the remarkable reduction in mammosphere formation efficiency and levels of CD44hi/24low cells at 1 and 10uM in all three cell lines. In two cells lines we have demonstrated that there is a significant increase in mitochondrial mass upon treatment of NAC. Conclusion: We have currently determined that N-acetyl cysteine works via autophagy and eliminates tumor initiating cell population. We have also demonstrated that this involves changing the mitochondrial mass and overall changes in the metabolism of these cells. This novel interlink between mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy provided a new insight into the role of tumor initiating cells in breast cancer and possible new approaches to treat therapy resistance in triple negative breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-12.
A scalable, fully automated process for construction of sequence-ready barcoded libraries for 454
Authors: Niall J Lennon, Robert E Lintner, Scott Anderson, Pablo Alvarez, Andrew Barry, William Brockman, Riza Daza, Rachel L Erlich, Georgia Giannoukos, Lisa Green, Andrew Hollinger, Cindi A Hoover, David B Jaffe, Frank Juhn, Danielle McCarthy, Danielle Perrin, Karen Ponchner, Taryn L Powers, Kamran Rizzolo, Dana Robbins, Elizabeth Ryan, Carsten Russ, Todd Sparrow, John Stalker, Scott Steelman, Michael Weiand, Andrew Zimmer, Matthew R Henn, Chad Nusbaum, Robert Nicol
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

We present an automated, high throughput library construction process for 454 technology. Sample handling errors and cross-contamination are minimized via end-to-end barcoding of plasticware, along with molecular DNA barcoding of constructs. Automation-friendly magnetic bead-based size selection and cleanup steps have been devised, eliminating major bottlenecks and significant sources of error. Using this methodology, one technician can create 96 sequence-ready 454 libraries in 2 days, a dramatic improvement over the standard method.
Successful Liver Transplantation in Older Patients Raises New Hopes, Challenges, Ethics Questions
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

BEING in one's 60s or even 70s is no longer reason enough to be denied orthotopic liver transplantation, two new studies suggest. The latest findings indicate that patients in their seventh or eighth decades of life do as well as younger adults. Moreover, similar success has been recorded with elderly kidney recipients in the last several years (<i>Transplantation</i>. 1989;47:259 and 1989;48:689,<i>Am J Kidney Dis</i>. 1988;12:516,<i>Transplant Proc</i>. 1989;21:2018, 2020, 2024). While donor organ shortages unfortunately persist, the positive results recorded for older recipients of livers are likely to confound even more the decision as to who should receive a liver transplant. That is, when both young and older adults face similar chances for success, who should receive the scarce organs? "Our data make the debate even more difficult," says John Pirsch, MD, assistant professor of medicine and transplant physician at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison. "It's
The Importance of Adverse Reaction Reporting by Physicians
Authors: Allen C. Rossi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The role of spontaneous reporting in detecting the suprofen-associated flank pain syndrome was examined, including the specific effect of the "Dear Doctor" letter in accelerating the information-gathering process once the initial signal was generated. We believe this to be a noteworthy example of the ability of spontaneous reporting to produce a timely and unequivocal signal of drugrelated risk. It also serves to demonstrate the need for vigilant postmarketing surveillance for all newly marketed drugs in the United States, even though considerable premarketing and postmarketing drug experience may exist from use in countries outside of the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1203-1024)
Invasive migration of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma cells in vitro
Authors: C.G. SCHIRREN, W.K. ROTH, R. HEIN, S. WERNER, T. KRIEG, O. BRAUN-FALCO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a low grade malignant neoplasm which shows invasive growth and often occurs in immunosuppressed patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS; epidemic KS). It is also found in elderly men where it is usually limited to the skin (classic KS). The present study investigated the chemotaxis and invasive migration of epidemic KS cells in vitro and compared them to cells grown from classic KS lesions and to fibroblasts. Epidemic KS cells demonstrated invasive migration through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) as well as through interstitial connective tissue (collagen I) in early passages, whereas fibroblasts did not invade either barrier. Epidemic KS cells in late passages did not show any invasive migration. Following pretreatment with tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) there was no enhanced migration through the Matrigel and collagen I for epidemic KS cells, whereas classic KS cells showed an increased migration through the type I collagen barrier.
Leukotriene Modifier Therapy for Mild Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children
Authors: Aviv D. Goldbart, Julie L. Goldman, Maria C. Veling, David Gozal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Background: Children with mild sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), who may not be recommended for adenotonsillectomy, frequently exhibit neurocognitive and behavioral morbidity, and may benefit from alternative therapeutic interventions, such as leukotriene modifier therapy. Methods: Twenty-four children with SDB completed an open-label intervention study for 16 weeks with daily montelukast therapy. Sleep studies and adenoid size estimates from lateral X-ray films of the neck were obtained before and after treatment. In a parallel study, adenoid and tonsillar tissues from children with obstructive sleep apnea or recurrent throat infections were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for gene and protein expression of leukotriene receptors LT1-R and LT2-R, and for concentrations of LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4. Results: Montelukast treatment induced significant reductions in adenoid size and respiratory-related sleep disturbances, which were absent in 16 children with SDB who did not receive treatment. LT1-R and LT2-R mRNA was similarly abundant in adenoid tissues, but increased LT1-R and LT2-R protein expression and higher levels of LTB4 and LTC4/D4/E4 emerged in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusions: Oral therapy with a leukotriene modifier appears to be associated with improved breathing during sleep. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials will be needed to corroborate current findings and solidly establish antiinflammatory strategies, such as leukotriene modifiers, as therapeutic alternatives in children with SDB too mild to justify referral for adenotonsillectomy.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB–Mediated Normalization of Dermal Interstitial Fluid Pressure After Mast Cell Degranulation Depends on β3 but Not β1 Integrins
Authors: Åsa Lidén, Ansgar Berg, Torbjørn Nedrebø, Rolf K. Reed, Kristofer Rubin
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Interstitial fluid pressure (P IF ) is one of the determinants of transcapillary fluid flux and thereby interstitial fluid volume. Cell-mediated control of P IF regulates fluid content in the loose interstitial connective tissues that surround the capillary bed. To maintain a normal P IF in dermis, β1 integrins mediate the tensile strength applied by connective tissue cells on the extracellular matrix. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB normalizes anaphylaxis-induced reduction of P IF . Anti–β3 integrin IgG and a cyclic RGD peptide that inhibits the αVβ3 integrin blocked the ability of PDGF-BB to normalize the lowered P IF resulting from mast cell degranulation. PDGF-BB was unable to normalize P IF lowered as a result of mast cell degranulation in β3-negative mice. Monoclonal anti–β3 integrin IgG had no effect on P IF in normal mouse dermis. In contrast, administration of anti–β1 integrin IgM lowered P IF in normal dermis but had no effect on PDGF-BB–induced normalization of P IF after anaphylaxis. Furthermore, collagen gel contraction mediated by wild-type mouse embryonal fibroblasts were only marginally affected by function-blocking anti–β1 integrin antibodies, especially in the presence of PDGF-BB. In contrast, contraction mediated by αV-negative mouse embryonic fibroblasts was completely blocked by anti–β1 integrin antibodies, even after stimulation with PDGF-BB. These results show a previously unrecognized in vivo function for the αVβ3 integrin, as a participant in the control of P IF during inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that PDGF-BB induces connective tissue cells to generate tensile forces via αVβ3 during such reactions.
Exercise Doppler echocardiography aids in the assessment of the functional severity of mitral stenosis and of the efficacy of balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: Guan-Woei Lee, Tsui-Lieh Hsu, Mau-Song Chang, Chung-Yin Chen, Shih-Pu Wang, Benjamin N. Chang, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
S. Weir Mitchell and Oliver Wendell Holmes
Authors: Jerome M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1981)

S. WEIR MITCHELL and Oliver Wendell Holmes are distinguished for achievement in both medicine and literature. Mitchell is renowned for his clinical neurological investigations and work as a neuropsychiatrist as well as novelist. Holmes is esteemed as a teacher of anatomy and physiology, as a proponent of the view of the contagiousness of puerperal fever, and as a leading poet. Mitchell also wrote poetry, and Holmes published novels. It seems desirable at this time to present them together and to furnish evidence of their friendship. They have in the past been written about separately in articles appearing in medical publications. Readers should also be given the opportunity to appreciate their warm relationship as reflected in the rarely seen, affectionate, respectful, sensitive poetic tribute by Mitchell to Holmes.<sup>1(p344)</sup> <h3>Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894)</h3> Oliver Wendell Holmes was born in Cambridge, Mass, on Aug 29, 1809, the son of the Reverend Abiel Holmes, minister
Urine Markers for Detection and Surveillance of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Derya Tilki, Maximilian Burger, Guido Dalbagni, H. Barton Grossman, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Juan Palou, Oliver Reich, Morgan Rouprêt, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alexandre R. Zlotta
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Cosmetic surgeons aim for the perfect facelift
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Exactly what does the perfect eyebrow look like? Should it be 2.4 cm from the middle of the pupil of the eye? Should the apex of the eyebrow lie vertically above the lateral limbus? Should the ends of the eyebrow lie on the same horizontal level?

According to a new report for plastic surgeons working in the burgeoning area of facelifts, a “one shape fits all” approach to eyebrows should be frowned on. When positioning and shaping the brow, surgeons need to take into account the aesthetic relation between brow shape and position on the face, says the …
Persistence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viral Genomes in Primary Liver Cancers from HBsAg-Negative Patients: A Study of a Low-endemic Area
Authors: Patrizia Paterlini, Françoise Driss, Bertrand Nalpas, Emilio Pisi, Dominique Franco, Pierre Berthelot, Christian Bréchot
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The role of HBV and HCV in the course of primary liver cancer in patients who are negative for HBsAg has been debated. Using a combination of serological and polymerase chain reaction assays, we investigated the association between HCV and HBV infections and primary liver cancer in 24 HBsAg-negative patients living in France. The presence of HCV RNA and HBV DNA sequences was tested for in serum and in tumorous and nontumorous liver samples. Twelve patients had anti-HCV, and 11 patients had anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc. HCV RNA sequences were found in the serum samples of all anti-HCV-positive patients and none of the patients who were negative. Patients with HCV viremia had HCV RNA genomic sequences and presumed replicative intermediates in both tumorous and nontumorous specimens. Sequence analysis of a hypervariable region in the E2/NS1 gene of HCV showed significant variations between the viral molecules isolated from the nontumorous, tumorous and serum samples. This eliminated the hypothesis of the contamination of the tumor by nontumorous cells and serum particles and assessed that liver tumor cells did contain HCV RNA genomes. Eleven of 22 patients tested had HBV DNA in the serum; 5 patients were anti-HBc positive and anti-HBs positive. Patients with HBV viremia had HBV DNA sequences in both tumorous and nontumorous liver specimens. Selective loss of part of the HBV genome in the tumorous tissue of two of these patients suggested HBV DNA persistence in clonally expanded malignant cells. Only 4 of the 22 patients were negative for both viruses. Our results show that HBsAg-negative hepatocellular cancer in France is associated with chronic HBV or HCV infection and, in some cases, both; these findings are consistent with an etiological role for HBV and HCV in HCC that develops in cirrhotic patients living in areas of low prevalence.
FIBRINOGEN GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PROTHROMBOTIC PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Antigoni Miliou, Charalambos Antoniades, Maria Kozanitou, Emmanuel Androulakis, George Hatzis, Kostas Toutouzas, Anastasios Giolis, Zoi Pallantza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Recurrent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor--associated angioedema
Authors: N. J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of angioedema, but the risk of recurrent angioedema if treatment is continued is not known.To test the hypothesis that the association between ACE inhibitor use and angioedema may not be recognized and to determine characteristics of angioedema associated with continued use of ACE inhibitors.Retrospective cohort study.Tennessee Medicaid program.Medicaid enrollees aged 15 years or older who used an ACE inhibitor and had a first documented episode of angioedema between 1986 and 1992 were followed up for recurrent episodes through June 1993.We previously identified 82 patients with a first confirmed diagnosis of angioedema during 51 752 person-years of ACE inhibitor use in this population (1.6 per 1000 person-years). Among these 82 patients, there were 16 outpatient recurrences of angioedema among 13 patients during 189 patient-years of follow-up (8.5 per 100 patient-years). The rate of angioedema was much higher in users of ACE inhibitors with continued exposure (18.7 per 100 patient-years) than in those whose use of the drug was discontinued (1.8 per 100 patient-years) (P=.001). Review of the medical records for patients taking ACE inhibitors who had recurrent angioedema revealed that physicians attributed angioedema to a number of causes not related to ACE inhibitor use, even after multiple recurrences.Continuing use of ACE inhibitors in spite of angioedema results in a markedly increased rate of angioedema recurrence with serious morbidity.
Snake charmer needed to soothe this debate
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

More controversy than ever surrounds the already controversial use of snake venom for treatment of multiple sclerosis. The Food and Drug Administration and a Florida serpentarium are in federal court over manufacture and distribution of the venom product. The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) has turned down a grant request from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society to study the venom. The National Center for Toxicological Research, located at the Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal, Jefferson, Ark, has begun animal tests with a small amount of the material, obtained from the FDA's Bureau of Biologics. The FDA initially asked the Florida serpentarium owner to stop selling the snake venom product to multiple sclerosis and arthritis patients for the time being. It then offered "to cooperate with anyone interested in testing the venom, marketed as PRO-ven." When the serpentarium owner apparently decided not to go along with the