tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile induced acute oedematous pancreatitis in rats: non-parallel changes in pancreatic morphology and amylase release in vitro.
Authors: T Arendt, U Broschewitz
Journal: Gut (1994)

Pancreatic morphology and amylase release from isolated pancreatic acini in response to caerulein was studied in the course of an experimental bile induced acute pancreatitis without acinar necrosis. The inflammation was induced by retrograde microinfusion of 25 microliters bile into the rat bile pancreatic duct. A dissociation between functional and structural findings was seen. One hour after the bile injury, there was a transient change in acinar cell function. The response to stimulation by caerulein was reduced by 50%, whereas the sensitivity to caerulein was normal. There was oedema and an initial leucocyte infiltration of the gland. Six hours, one day, three days, and seven days after the bile injury, there was an acute interstitial oedematous pancreatitis with a modest polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration of the interstitium and widespread acinar vacuolisation. Morphological changes were most pronounced at the third postoperative day. Acinar amylase release, however, was normal both in terms of sensitivity and responsiveness to stimulation. These results show that bile injury may result in an initial disturbance of acinar cell function. Normal acinar amylase release prevailing in the course of the inflammation suggests that disturbance of the acinar amylase secretory response is not a primary stimulant of the inflammation before the development of acinar necrosis.
The Transcription Factor T-bet Regulates Intestinal Inflammation Mediated by Interleukin-7 Receptor+ Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Nick Powell, Alan W. Walker, Emilie Stolarczyk, James B. Canavan, M. Refik Gökmen, Ellen Marks, Ian Jackson, Ahmed Hashim, Michael A. Curtis, Richard G. Jenner, Jane K. Howard, Julian Parkhill, Thomas T. MacDonald, Graham M. Lord
Journal: Immunity (2012)

Mice lacking the transcription factor T-bet in the innate immune system develop microbiota-dependent colitis. Here, we show that interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing IL-7Rα+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were potent promoters of disease in Tbx21−/−Rag2−/− ulcerative colitis (TRUC) mice. TNF-α produced by CD103−CD11b+ dendritic cells synergized with IL-23 to drive IL-17A production by ILCs, demonstrating a previously unrecognized layer of cellular crosstalk between dendritic cells and ILCs. We have identified Helicobacter typhlonius as a key disease trigger driving excess TNF-α production and promoting colitis in TRUC mice. Crucially, T-bet also suppressed the expression of IL-7R, a key molecule involved in controlling intestinal ILC homeostasis. The importance of IL-7R signaling in TRUC disease was highlighted by the dramatic reduction in intestinal ILCs and attenuated colitis following IL-7R blockade. Taken together, these data demonstrate the mechanism by which T-bet regulates the complex interplay between mucosal dendritic cells, ILCs, and the intestinal microbiota.
Problems of Supply and Demand in the Education of Nurses
Authors: Thomas Hale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ONE of the most serious problems facing doctors and hospitals today is the shortage of nurses. Trying to overcome this has been an up-hill battle because for many years the nurses themselves, through their two great national organizations, were not willing to admit that the shortage existed. Even today nurse leaders talk about maldistribution rather than shortage and intimate that hospitals are not using their available nurse supply properly. However, the fact can no longer be concealed that there is an increasing nationwide shortage of nurses.The shortage of nurses has been brought about because the relatively slight increase in . . .
Chain-store Glasses
Authors: W. S. Inman
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<h3>SUMMARY:</h3> Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have symptoms of anosmia or partial loss of the sense of smell, often accompanied by changes in taste. We report 5 cases (3 with anosmia) of adult patients with COVID-19 in whom injury to the olfactory bulbs was interpreted as microbleeding or abnormal enhancement on MR imaging. The patients had persistent headache (<i>n</i> = 4) or motor deficits (<i>n</i> = 1). This olfactory bulb injury may be the mechanism by which the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 causes olfactory dysfunction.
Leukemia in Children Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Robert Murray, Philip Heckel, Louis H. Hempelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DURING the past twenty years, a number of epidemiologic studies have shown that the rate of leukemia in human populations exposed to ionizing radiation is higher than that in unexposed populations. The groups used for study include the Japanese inhabitants in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the time of nuclear explosions,1 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis,2 children treated in infancy for enlargement of the thymus gland3 and American radiologists.4 The most recent study, by Stewart, Webb and Hewitt,5 observed that leukemic children have a history of more frequent prenatal exposure to x-rays than the control children and more frequent diagnostic radiographic . . .
Structure specificity of the antipsoriatic anthrones
Authors: A. KREBS, H. SCHALTEGGER, A. SCHALTEGGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

In the investigations of Krebs and Schaltegger between 1964 and 1972 on the structure specificity of the antipsoriatic anthrones it could be shown that at least a 1-hydroxy-9-anthrone is necessary for their efficacy. This structure was then called "minimum structure of the antipsoriatic anthrones'. Since even very minor changes of this structure in most cases lead to inactive compounds, only a few antipsoriatic anthrones have been found so far. Their most important representative chrysarobin, anthralin and I-hydroxy-9-anthrone have been known for more than 60 years. The later discovered antipsoriatic anthralin derivatives, triacetoxy-anthracene and 10-acyl-anthralin, are probably hydrolysed in the skin and thus act as their parent compound anthralin. The strong structure-activity dependence of the antipsoriatic anthrones seems to include a highly specific and complex mechanism of action.
Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis.
Authors: David M. Roxe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis.David M. Roxe, M.D., William P. Argy Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., George E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.David M. Roxe, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William P. Argy Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, George E. Schreiner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-875_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe popularity of peritoneal dialysis is based on its efficacy and simplicity. A review of 500 peritoneal dialyses confirmed the efficacy but questioned the simplicity of peritoneal dialysis. Two hundred and forty-eight patients received 500 peritoneal dialyses and suffered 705 complications. Leakage, equipment failure, and pain accounted for 262 complications. Catheter replacement (74), peritonitis (5), perforation of a viscus (5), severe hyperglycemia (2), and cardiac arrest (1) represented major complications. Thirty patients died during peritoneal dialysis. Eighty-three patients developed hypernatremia, unrelated to ultrafiltration. Groups showing the greatest or least change in sodium differed significantly in rate of exchange (P<... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 875-875KeywordsCathetersHeartHyperglycemiaHypernatremiaPeritoneal dialysisPeritonitisSodiumUltrafiltration Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3075: MUC4 mucin as a potential tumor suppressor in colon cancer
Authors: Srustidhar Das, Moorthy Palanimuthu Ponnusamy, Sonny L. Johansson, Shantibhusan Senapati, Poomy Pandey, Hemant K. Roy, Surinder K. Batra
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MUC4 is a heterodimeric large transmembrane mucin expressed by several normal epithelial tissues like testis, lungs and colon and is aberrantly over expressed by most human adenocarcinomas. MUC4 has been strongly implicated to play the role of an oncogene in the progression and metastasis of pancreatic, breast and ovarian cancers. On the other hand, previous reports indicating the loss of MUC4 expression in the progression of colon cancer was starkly in contrast to the role it plays in other cancers. Based on the previous studies, we hypothesized that loss of MUC4 as the tumor progresses might act as a prognostic indicator and MUC4 might act as a potential tumor suppressor in the colon cancer. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the functional significance of MUC4 in colon cancer progression. We performed immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray comparing the expression levels of MUC4 among normal colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. MUC4 immunoreactivity was highest in the normal colon tissue and significantly higher than tubular adenoma, non-metastatic and metastatic adenocarcinoma (p&amp;lt;0.03) which confirmed the earlier findings. To evaluate the functional significance of MUC4, we stably over expressed MUC4 cDNA in HCT-15, a MUC4 non-expressing colon cancer cell line. Interestingly, the in vitro (growth kinetics, motility, invasion, colony forming) and in vivo (xenograft in nude mice) functional studies strongly support the role of MUC4 as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. Further, mechanistic studies indicated that ectopic expression of MUC4 led to decreased activity of key intracellular signaling molecules like FAK, AKT and ERK. By regulating the levels of p-AKT, MUC4 expression led to growth arrest in S-phase which was mediated by the upregulation of cip/kip family of CDK inhibitors i.e. p21 and p27. Besides, overexpression of MUC4 led to a remarkable change from mesenchymal like (more triangular) phenotype to a more epithelioid (roundish) like phenotype confirmed by the phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton. In conclusion, our results show for the first time the protective role MUC4 plays in colon cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3075.
Management of the Difficult and Failed Airway
Authors: Bryan Maxwell
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-invasive assessment and prediction of clinically significant portal hypertension
Authors: K. Rye, G. Mortimore, A. Austin, J. Freeman
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) predicts variceal development, bleeding, clinical decompensation and death. Measurement is invasive, time-consuming and performed in few centres. Reduction of HVPG to ≥12 mm Hg or by &gt;20% significantly reduces bleeding risk and mortality. Detection of non-responders requires repeated HVPG measurement as conventional non-invasive assessment is not accurate in predicting haemodynamic response. Cirrhotics have a hyperdynamic circulation and impaired baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS). The authors assessed whether non-invasive measurement of systemic haemodynamics and BRS detected clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, HVPG ≥12 mm Hg). <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective study of 29 cirrhotic patients. Systemic haemodynamics were assessed non-invasively using the Finometer. Spontaneous BRS was calculated from the regression of pulse interval on systolic blood pressure. Portal pressure was assessed by measurement of HVPG in 27 patients. <h3>Results</h3> 69% male, median age 47 (42–55) years, CPS 6 (Class A 18, B 10, C 1) and MELD 10 (8–13). HVPG significantly correlated with CI, HR, BRS, Child-Pugh score, MELD, prothrombin time, albumin and bilirubin. Differences in these parameters according to HVPG and comparison of AUROC curves to predict CSPH are summarised in the table 1. At a cut-off of 71.75 bpm, HR predicted CSPH with 100% sensitivity, 86% specificity, 95% PPV, 100% NPV and correctly classified 96% of patients. A HR of 75.93 bpm gave 100% specificity and PPV. At a cut-off of 3.78 l/min/m<sup>2</sup>, CI predicted CSPH with 55% sensitivity, 100% specificity and 100% PPV. At a cut-off of 4.86 ms/mm Hg BRS predicted CSPH with 70% sensitivity, 100% specificity and PPV. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Significant differences in CI, HR and BRS, assessed non-invasively, are seen in cirrhotic patients with CSPH. While optimal cut-offs for prediction remain to be defined it may be possible to non-invasively diagnose or exclude CSPH. It also opens up future potential for non-invasive monitoring of responses to therapeutic intervention.
Proteomic Analysis of Laser-Captured Paraffin-Embedded Tissues: A Molecular Portrait of Head and Neck Cancer Progression
Authors: Vyomesh Patel, Brian L. Hood, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Norman H. Lee, Thomas P. Conrads, John C. Braisted, David B. Krizman, Timothy D. Veenstra, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), the sixth most prevalent cancer among men worldwide, is associated with poor prognosis, which has improved only marginally over the past three decades. A proteomic analysis of HNSCC lesions may help identify novel molecular targets for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of HNSCC. Experimental Design: Laser capture microdissection was combined with recently developed techniques for protein extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and a novel proteomics platform. Approximately 20,000 cells procured from FFPE tissue sections of normal oral epithelium and well, moderately, and poorly differentiated HNSCC were processed for mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analysis. Results: A large number of proteins expressed in normal oral epithelium and HNSCC, including cytokeratins, intermediate filaments, differentiation markers, and proteins involved in stem cell maintenance, signal transduction, migration, cell cycle regulation, growth and angiogenesis, matrix degradation, and proteins with tumor suppressive and oncogenic potential, were readily detected. Of interest, the relative expression of many of these molecules followed a distinct pattern in normal squamous epithelia and well, moderately, and poorly differentiated HNSCC tumor tissues. Representative proteins were further validated using immunohistochemical studies in HNSCC tissue sections and tissue microarrays. Conclusions: The ability to combine laser capture microdissection and in-depth proteomic analysis of FFPE tissues provided a wealth of information regarding the nature of the proteins expressed in normal squamous epithelium and during HNSCC progression, which may allow the development of novel biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value and the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in HNSCC.
Dramatic Improvement of Soft Tissue Uptake of Liver Metastases on Bone Imaging
Authors: HARESH P. SOLANKI, BRUCE S. CHERTOW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A man with poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoma of the lung presented with extensive metastases to the liver. A prechemotherapy bone scan (performed with 740 MBq Tc-99m MDP) revealed soft tissue uptake in two large liver metastases. The patient received four cycles of VP-16 and cisplatin, and the bone scan was repeated in 6 months. Uptake In liver metastases on bone Imaging has been reported previously; this case documents precise correlation with two metastases on CT and dramatic reversal with improvement after chemotherapy.
T-cell receptor V beta gene expression in infiltrating cells in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3.
Authors: Y Seko, H Yagita, K Okumura, Y Yazaki
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In viral myocarditis, we previously reported that natural killer cells infiltrate the heart first, then activated T cells infiltrate second and play an important role in the pathogenesis of the myocardial damage. METHODS AND RESULTS To elucidate the nature of T-cell infiltration, using a murine model of acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3, we analyzed the expression of T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta genes in infiltrating cells in the heart by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-amplified products were confirmed by Southern blot hybridization with a C beta cDNA probe. In contrast to spleen lymphocytes, the repertoire of V beta gene transcripts in the heart was restricted. The infiltrating cells expressing V beta 10 were found in six of eight hearts of mice with acute myocarditis. The infiltrating cells expressing V beta 8 and V beta 13 were found in four of eight hearts with myocarditis, respectively. Immunoperoxidase staining of serial sections of the heart of myocarditis for TCR alpha beta chains and TCR V beta 10 confirmed that the dominant population of infiltrating T cells expressed V beta 10 gene products. CONCLUSIONS The restricted usage of TCR genes by infiltrating T-cells may indicate that a specific antigen in heart with myocarditis is targeted. Our findings raise the possibility of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies specific for TCR V beta elements to prevent T-cell-mediated myocardial damage in viral myocarditis.
Special Catheters for E.R.C.P.
Authors: F. Dunham, M. Deltenre, J. Jeanmart, J. Toussaint, M. Cremer
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

The authors present the advantages of a needle and a metallic tip catheters allowing better success in conventional E.R.C.P. and in the cannulation of the accessory papilla. They consider these catheters as strictly necessary in the material available in endoscopic centers where E.R.C.P. is performed in routine.
THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE EYE SYMPTOMS IN ARRIVING AT A DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN.
Authors: A. E. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In bringing the subject of diagnosis of meningitis in children before this Section of this learned society for consideration, it is for the purpose of specifically directing your attention to the eye symptoms in this disease and of their importance in arriving at a correct diagnosis. In 1888, Swanzy,<sup>1</sup>in an instructive paper on the "Value of Eye Symptoms in the Localization of Brain Disease," was led to remark that "these eye symptoms are not as much valued as they should be, perhaps because their often subtle and sometimes subjective nature renders them less readily studied than are other focal brain symptoms." Also, that "eye symtoms are too often not looked for at first but utilized rather as a dernier ressort." While no doubt the eyes and their symptoms in relation to all diseases have received much closer attention than formerly, it only too often happens that the general
Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Gregory C. Oliver
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The rapid pace of technological advance requires monitoring and evaluation of the proposed application. Within colon and rectal surgery, at least seven new means to treat internal and external hemorrhoids or combinations thereof have been introduced recently. Indications for these newer treatments and an assessment of their utility were recently reviewed by Salvati.<sup>1</sup>The vast majority of hemorrhoidal problems can be managed in an ambulatory setting. Laser technology, including neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG), argon, and carbon dioxide, has been been reported to be of use in the treatment of primarily internal hemorrhoidal disease. Early efforts to treat internal hemorrhoids using air transmission Nd:YAG via endoscopes or handheld probes have progressed to coagulation, coaptation, and excision by contact Nd:YAG scalpel.<sup>2</sup>Argon laser has been employed to treat internal hemorrhoids.<sup>3</sup>The wavelength of argon is selectively absorbed by certain pigments, of which hemoglobin is one. Theoretically, hypervascular tissues such as hemorrhoids
Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Numbers do not tell whole story
Authors: Y.-H. Hsieh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Parry mentioned the recent rapid increase in the numbers of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan, making it the third worst affected area in the world, and asks whether the disease is under control.1 2

The daily numbers of new cases of SARS in Taiwan up to 2 June have declined since mid-May (figure (top)). However, the delay caused by the incubation time as well as the time lag for diagnosis …
ABC of AIDS. Immunology of AIDS.
Authors: P Beverley, Q Sattentau
Journal: BMJ (1987)

AIDS-gp1O CD4 B lymphocytes +B cell EBV lines mlcrogila/glial Urns ?dendritle and Langerhans cells Many, ifnot all, ofthe clinical features ofinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be ascribed to the profound immune deficit which develops in infected individuals.That HIV is so immunosuppressive can in turn be attributed to the predilection ofthe virus for a particular subset oflymphocytes (its cellular tropism).The main target ofthe virus is a subset ofthymus derived (T) lymphocytes, which are known as helper/inducer cells.These carry on their surface a glycoprotein molecule called CD4, which has been shown to bind the envelope glycoprotein ofHIV.The destruction ofCD4 bearing lymphocytes probably accounts for the immunosuppressive effect ofthe virus.Recently it has been recognised that the CD4 molecule is also present, though at lower densities, on other cells as well as helper/inducer lymphocytes.Some monocytes and macrophages certainly carry CD4, and some B (antibody producing) lymphocytes may also do so.CD4, or a molecule closely resembling it, has also been detected in brain, although it remains unclear exactly which brain cells express it.