tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three different potassium channels in human atrium. Contribution to the basal potassium conductance.
Authors: H Heidbüchel, J Vereecke, E Carmeliet
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We applied the cell-attached and inside-out patch-clamp technique under symmetrical isotonic potassium conditions on single human (and guinea pig) atrial cells. The human cells were isolated by a modified method to that described earlier. Our aim was twofold: 1) to study the single-channel characteristics of potassium channels in human atrial single cells, present under basal conditions (iK1 and iK(ATP] or when stimulated with 10(-5) M acetylcholine; and 2) to calculate the contribution of these three channel types to the total basal potassium conductance in human atrial cells, and to compare the results with data on guinea pig atrial cells under the same conditions. We found that in human cells 58% of the patches (n = 42/74) contained acetylcholine-sensitive potassium channels: their conductance was 42 +/- 1.2 pS and mean open time (tau o) was 1.7 +/- 0.5 msec. They showed sporadic openings in the absence of agonist, and activation by acetylcholine was G-protein dependent. In 16% of the patches (n = 7/44), adenosine (10(-4) M) activated the same channels, but the activity was lower than when stimulated by acetylcholine. In 18% of the patches (n = 9/51), an iK1 channel was present (conductance, 27 pS; tau o, 8.7 msec), whereas in the cell-attached mode, ATP-dependent channels were never seen. However, they were present in half of the inside-out patches on washout of ATPi (conductance, 73 pS; tau o, 1.4 msec). The basal potassium conductance (i.e., in the absence of any exogenous hormone or neurotransmitter) was mainly due to iK1 channels in both human and guinea pig cells, a finding that is in contrast with previous reports. However, the potassium current that is induced by acetylcholine is much higher in guinea pig than in human isolated cells; a fraction of it would suffice to fully determine the resting potassium conductance in guinea pig atrial cells, whereas it can play only a modulatory role in human cells. This difference could be important in species-specific autonomic modulation and antiarrhythmic drug action.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROTOCOL FOR THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF EXERTIONAL HEAT ILLNESS IN SPORT
Authors: D Broman, R Fearn, M Wittenberg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The risk of heat-related illness in sport is significant. It can range from minor symptoms, through heat exhaustion to heat stroke, coma and possible death. Early recognition and cooling can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with exertional heat illness (EHI). Objective The aim of our study was to establish a protocol for the prevention, recognition and prompt management of EHI, in athletes, who are participating in potentially dangerous weather conditions/environments. Design We performed a prospective, cohort study of the incidence of EHI occurring during a multi-sport event. Setting Our study was performed at the Maccabiah Games 2013 in Israel. This event compromised a variety of skill levels, including amateur, semi-professional and Olympic level athletes. The weather conditions in Israel in July 2013, ranged from temperatures of 23°c −41°c. Patients In our role, as the medical team for Team GB, we studied all athletes for Great Britain. This included 424 participants, both male and female, at all age levels from 14–58 years old, including a variety of skill levels from amateur to professional athletes. Interventions We established a 'heat policy' which we implemented during the Games. The medical team reviewed every athlete with common symptoms of EHI at the pitch-side, recording their temperature, and if necessary removing them from sport and initiating management of hyperthermia. Main outcome measurements The main outcome measurement, which was formulated before the data collection began, was to establish risk factors for which athletes developed EHI. We also studied what interventions successfully reduced the risk of developing EHI. Results &amp; conclusions We documented 21 cases of EHI, across a spectrum of severity, but with no cases of severe heat stroke/coma. Despite the high-intensity and frequency of sport, in extreme heat, none of our athletes needed tertiary/specialist care.
Microvascular spasm in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster: a preventable cause of focal myocardial necrosis.
Authors: S M Factor, T Minase, S Cho, R Dominitz, E H Sonnenblick
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster develops focal myocardial necrosis beginning at 1 month of age, which leads to eventual ventricular failure within 1 year. The pathogenesis of this myocytolytic necrosis is unknown. Based on the nature of the cell necrosis, cytochemical evidence of vascular alterations, and the sensitivity of the hamsters to catecholamines and other vasoactive substances, we believe that the cardiomyopathy may be mediated by abnormalities of the microcirculation. Nonetheless, until the present study, no significant changes have been observed in these vessels. To elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease, we perfused living cardiomyopathic hamsters with silicone rubber solutions, which revealed numerous areas of microvascular constriction, diffuse vessel narrowing and luminal irregularity. Fixed structural lesions in these vessels could not be demonstrated. Pretreatment of young hamsters with verapamil during the period when they normally develop myocardial necrosis prevented myocytolytic lesions and abolished microvascular hyperreactivity. We believe that focal, transient spasm of small blood vessels, probably secondary to vasoactive substances, may cause myocytolytic necrosis (a form of reperfusion injury) in this model. This may also be a multifactorial disease with myocellular as well as vascular abnormalities leading to myocardial degeneration. The similarity of this disease to human and experimental cardiomyopathy suggests that microvascular spasm may be a common denominator of many different cardiomyopathic syndromes.
Leukotriene pathway genetics and pharmacogenetics in allergy
Authors: N. P. Duroudier, A. S. Tulah, I. Sayers
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Leukotrienes (LT) are biologically active lipid mediators known to be involved in allergic inflammation. Leukotrienes have been shown to mediate diverse features of allergic conditions including inflammatory cell chemotaxis/activation and smooth muscle contraction. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4) and, LTE(4)) and the dihydroxy leukotriene LTB(4) are generated by a series of enzymes/proteins constituting the LT synthetic pathway or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Their function is mediated by interacting with multiple receptors. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) and LT synthesis inhibitors (LTSI) have shown clinical efficacy in asthma and more recently in allergic rhinitis. Despite growing knowledge of leukotriene biology, the molecular regulation of these inflammatory mediators remains to be fully understood. Genes encoding enzymes of the 5-LO pathway (i.e. ALOX5, LTC4S and LTA4H) and encoding for LT receptors (CYSLTR1/2 and LTB4R1/2) provide excellent candidates for disease susceptibility and severity; however, their role remains unclear. Preliminary data also suggest that 5-LO pathway/receptor gene polymorphism can predict patient responses to LTSI and LTRA; however, the exact mechanisms require elucidation. The aim of this review was to summarize the recent advances in the knowledge of these important mediators, focusing on genetic and pharmacogenetic aspects in the context of allergic phenotypes.
Therapeutic Treatment of Nipah Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primates with a Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Thomas W. Geisbert, Chad E. Mire, Joan B. Geisbert, Yee-Peng Chan, Krystle N. Agans, Friederike Feldmann, Karla A. Fenton, Zhongyu Zhu, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Dana P. Scott, Katharine N. Bossart, Heinz Feldmann, Christopher C. Broder
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

A monoclonal antibody against Nipah virus has in vivo efficacy in a nonhuman primate.
Digestive vacuoles of Plasmodium falciparum are selectively phagocytosed by and impair killing function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Prasad Dasari, Karina Reiss, Klaus Lingelbach, Stefan Baumeister, Ralph Lucius, Rachanee Udomsangpetch, Sebastian Chakrit Bhakdi, Sucharit Bhakdi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Quantitative analysis of antibody to hepatitis C virus envelope 2 glycoprotein in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: N Yuki
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The significance of circulating antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2)/nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) glycoprotein was studied in 83 patients with chronic HCV infection diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E2/NS1 antibody was quantitatively examined by a passive hemagglutination test using recombinant E2/NS1 glycoprotein encompassing amino acids 388 to 664 of the HCV-H strain. The results were correlated with clinical and virological features such as genotypes and viremic levels assessed by a competitive reverse-transcription PCR assay. E2/NS1 antibody was found in 73 patients (88%), and its occurrence was related to viremic levels. E2/NS1 antibody titers were low in asymptomatic HCV carriers with low levels of viral replication; 9 of 17 such patients tested positive for E2/NS1 antibody (53%), compared with 64 of 66 chronic hepatitis C patients (97%) (P < .01). A significant direct relationship was observed between viremic levels and E2/NS1 antibody titers (r = .52, P < .01). Of the 13 patients with low viremic levels of < 10(6) copies/mL, only 5 tested positive for E2/NS1 antibody (38%), whereas 68 of the 70 patients with viremic levels of > or = 10(6) copies/mL had it (97%) (P < .01). As for the relation to HCV genotypes, no difference was seen in E2/NS1 antibody titers among genotypes examined (1b, 2a, and 2b). These findings suggest that the E2/NS1 antibody tested exhibits no neutralizing activity in chronic HCV infection but may serve as a serological indicator of active virus replication.
Coronary Revascularization Trends in the United States, 2001-2008
Authors: Andrew J. Epstein, Daniel Polsky, Feifei Yang, Lin Yang, Peter W. Groeneveld
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Coronary revascularization is among the most common hospital-based major interventional procedures performed in the United States. It is uncertain how new revascularization technologies, new clinical evidence from trials, and updated clinical guidelines have influenced the volume and distribution of coronary revascularizations over the past decade.
Automation of Electrocardiographic Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: John R. Whiteman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A complete system with capabilities to provide automatic clinical evaluations of standard 12-lead electrocardiograms has been developed. The basic equipment includes a magnetic tape ECG machine and a mediumsized digital computer. The computer accepts data directly by telephone or by tape playback. Each of the 12 leads is converted to digital samples, measured, and stored. A three-step program then recalls the measurements to be condensed, combined, and refined to one or several diagnostic statements. These are immediately available for use at the processing center or may be transmitted by teletype to the clinical site.
Trends in High Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the United States, 1999-2006
Authors: Elena V. Kuklina
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Studies show that a large proportion of adults with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remain untreated or undertreated despite growing use of lipid-lowering medications.<h3>Objective</h3>To investigate trends in screening prevalence, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and LDL-C levels across 4 study cycles (1999-2000, 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006).<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability sample survey of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. After we restricted the study sample to fasting participants aged 20 years or older (n = 8018) and excluded pregnant women (n = 464) and participants with missing data (n = 510), our study sample consisted of 7044 participants.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>High LDL-C levels, defined as levels above the specific goal for each risk category outlined in guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). All presented results are weighted and age-standardized to 2000 standard population estimates.<h3>Results</h3>Prevalence of high LDL-C levels among persons aged 20 years or older decreased from 31.5% in 1999-2000 to 21.2% in 2005-2006 (P &lt; .001 for linear trend) but varied by risk category. By the 2005-2006 study cycle, prevalence of high LDL-C was 58.9%, 30.2%, and 11.0% for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk categories, respectively. Self-reported use of lipid-lowering medications increased from 8.0% to 13.4% (P &lt; .001 for linear trend), but screening rates did not change significantly, remaining less than 70% (P = .16 for linear trend) during the study periods.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Among the NHANES population aged 20 years or older, the prevalence of high LDL-C levels decreased from 1999-2000 to 2005-2006. In the most recent period, the prevalence was 21.2%.
The Effect of Age, Diagnosis, and Previous Surgery in Children and Adults Undergoing Heart Transplantation for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Jacqueline M. Lamour, Kirk R. Kanter, David C. Naftel, Maryanne R. Chrisant, William R. Morrow, Barry S. Clemson, James K. Kirklin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Erythrocytosis
Authors: Sara Capodimonti, Luciana Teofili, Maurizio Martini, Tonia Cenci, Maria Grazia Iachininoto, Eugenia Rosa Nuzzolo, Maria Bianchi, Marina Murdolo, Giuseppe Leone, Luigi M. Larocca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

von Hippel-Lindau Disease and Erythrocytosis Case ReportA 37-year-old man, who complained about a headache, nausea, and vomiting, was referred to our hospital.From childhood, the patient presented with erythrocytosis secondary to a high erythropoietin level.This persisting increased level was not associated with cardiopulmonary and renal diseases, tumors, or hemoglobinopaties.Since the age of 7 years, the patient was treated with periodic phlebotomies and a low-dose of aspirin.Furthermore, at the age of 30 years, the patient underwent surgery for welldifferentiated pheochromocytoma.The patient received his last phlebotomy 2 weeks before our visit.At that time, all investigations for pheochromocytoma (including an abdominal computed tomography scan and the level of catecholamines) were normal, and hematologic parameters were as follows: hemoglobin, 11.8 g/dL; hematocrit, 46%; mean cell volume, 61.5 fL; RBC, 7.62 10 12 /L; WBC, 8.76 10 9 /L; and platelets, 497 10 9 /L.Because he had stopped taking aspirin for a few months in the past, we suspected that the headache, nausea, and vomiting could be ascribed to a possible cerebral thrombosis.Actually, the magnetic resonance imaging angiography of the brain demonstrated the presence of bilat-
Blood cholesterol is not causally related to atherosclerosis
Authors: M. C Sutter
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Blood cholesterol is not causally related to atherosclerosis Get access Morley C Sutter Morley C Sutter Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3: Dr M C Sutter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1994, Page 575, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.4.575 Published: 01 April 1994
Reduction of Hippocampal Hyperactivity Improves Cognition in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Arnold Bakker, Gregory L. Krauss, Marilyn S. Albert, Caroline L. Speck, Lauren R. Jones, Craig E. Stark, Michael A. Yassa, Susan S. Bassett, Amy L. Shelton, Michela Gallagher
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Elevated Serum Estradiol and Testosterone Concentrations Are Associated with a High Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Jane A. Cauley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The relation between endogenous steroid hormones and risk for breast cancer is uncertain. Measurement of sex hormone levels may identify women at high risk for breast cancer who should consider preventive therapies. Objective: To test the hypothesis that serum concentrations of estradiol and testosterone predict risk for breast cancer. Design: Prospective case-cohort study. Setting: Four clinical centers in the United States. Participants: 97 women with confirmed incident breast cancer and 244 randomly selected controls; all women were white, 65 years of age or older, and were not receiving estrogen. Measurements: Sex-steroid hormone concentrations were assayed by using serum that was collected at baseline and stored at −190 °C. Risk factors for breast cancer were ascertained by questionnaire. Incident cases of breast cancer were confirmed by review of medical records during an average period of 3.2 years. Results: The relative risk for breast cancer in women with the highest concentration of bioavailable estradiol (≥ 6.83 pmol/L or 1.9 pg/mL) was 3.6 (95% CI, 1.3 to 10.0) compared with women with the lowest concentration. The risk for breast cancer in women with the highest concentration of free testosterone compared with those with the lowest concentration was 3.3 (CI, 1.1 to 10.3). The estimated incidence of breast cancer per 1000 person-years was 0.4 (CI, 0.0 to 1.3) in women with the lowest levels of bioavailable estradiol and free testosterone compared with 6.5 (CI, 2.7 to 10.3) in women with the highest concentrations of these hormones. Traditional risk factors for breast cancer were similar in case-patients and controls. Adjustments for these risk factors had little effect on the results. Conclusions: Estradiol and testosterone levels may play important roles in the development of breast cancer in older women. A single measurement of bioavailable estradiol and free testosterone may be used to estimate a woman's risk for breast cancer. Women identified as being at high risk for breast cancer as determined by these hormone levels may benefit from antiestrogen treatment for primary prevention.
PRESENT STATUS OF VARIOUS SPINAL ANESTHETICS AND THEIR CLINICAL USEFULNESS
Authors: FRANK W. MARVIN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The ideal anesthetic is still being sought and the day is not far distant when, in my opinion it will be found. Spinal anesthesia, as with all science, is constantly changing and fortunately progressing. In this progress the profession must have faith, and out of it will emerge a more exact knowledge as to the use of the various spinal anesthetics employed today. Records of anesthesia must be standardized, so that the immediate and remote effects of these drugs may be carefully studied. When this is accomplished, one should be able to develop positive opinions rather than impressions regarding the choice of the anesthetic. This choice must not only afford safety to the patient but also produce ideal conditions so that the surgeon may employ his technic of gentleness, accuracy and speed in the performance of the operation. The only contraindication in the use of spinal anesthesia, in properly selected
THE CERVICAL CAP
Authors: Fred A. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I question the advisability of publishing such inconclusive articles on the delicate field of infertility as "The Cervical Cap in the Treatment of Male Infertility" (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>149</b>:427-431 [May 31] 1952). The authors state that the use of cervical cap is unquestionably indicated. I question this, for they do not adequately describe relative semen inadequacy and they do not adequately describe the sequence of events that preceded the use of the cap. They state that decreased metabolic function in one or both partners or other endocrine disturbances were corrected promptly. I beg to point out that these disorders are not corrected promptly. Furthermore, 15 cases of primary sterility with conception achieved in 10 (67%) hardly warrants publication, particularly when only 7 of their successes are true oligospermia as defined by Dr. John MacLeod of Cornell University. The authors state that ovulatory time is determined
Giant cell tumours in mandible and spine: a rare complication of Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: M Bhambhani, B G Lamberty, M R Clements, S J Skingle, A J Crisp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The case of a man who was diagnosed as having polyostotic Paget9s disease at the age of 52 years is described. He developed a rare neoplastic complication of Paget9s disease--a giant cell tumour in his mandible, which was excised. Nine years after the diagnosis of this tumour he developed a new giant cell tumour arising from the L3 vertebral body. He was born in Avellino in Italy, from where five other cases of giant cell tumours arising from Pagetic bone disease have been reported. No family relationship between our patient and the other cases was established. His Paget9s disease was particularly aggressive and resistant to treatment with two single high dose infusions of pamidronate almost two years apart.
Markers of Inflammation and Rapid Coronary Artery Disease Progression in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Emmanouil Zouridakis, Pablo Avanzas, Ramón Arroyo-Espliguero, Salim Fredericks, Juan Carlos Kaski
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Both endothelial cell activation and macrophage activation play a significant role in atherogenesis and atheromatous plaque vulnerability and may determine rapid coronary artery disease (CAD) progression. We sought to assess the association between serum inflammatory markers and rapid CAD progression in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Methods and Results— We studied 124 chronic stable angina pectoris patients (84 men; mean age, 61±10 years) who were on a waiting list for coronary angioplasty for a mean time of 4.8±2.4 months. CAD progression was defined as ≥10% diameter reduction of a pre-existing stenosis ≥50%, ≥30% diameter reduction of a stenosis &lt;50%, development of a new stenosis ≥30% in a previously normal segment, or progression of any stenosis to total occlusion. CAD progression occurred in 35 patients (28%). After adjustment with binary logistic regression, neopterin ( P &lt;0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P =0.017), matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( P =0.002), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 ( P &lt;0.001), and previous history of unstable angina ( P =0.01) were independent predictors of rapid CAD progression. The association between rapid disease progression and inflammatory markers remained significant even when presence of complex lesions was introduced into the multivariate model. Conclusions— Rapid CAD progression in patients with stable angina pectoris is associated with increased C-reactive protein levels and raised concentrations of biochemical markers of endothelial and macrophage activation.
New agreement aims to streamline sponsored clinical trials in NHS
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Clinical trials in the United Kingdom that are sponsored by the drug industry and involve NHS hospital patients should be able to start more quickly, under a new agreement introduced by the Department of Health this week. 

The department claims that its agreement on clinical trials will allow patients faster access to new treatments and save the health service money by streamlining the system for instigating clinical trials. 

The revised model clinical trial agreement offers UK health services and drug and biotechnology companies a clear framework to work with when setting up a clinical trial, meaning that trials should be begun faster. It overcomes delays that occurred previously because each site taking part in a clinical trial tended to negotiate an …