tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Images of Liposarcoma Using Technetium-99m Bleomycin and Technetium (V)-99m DMSA
Authors: HITOYA OHTA, FREDERICK I. SHANE, KEIGO ENDO, KANJI TORIZUKA, KAZUKO HORIUCHI, AKIRA YOKOYAMA, MASAKI ISHII
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The effectiveness of Tc-99m bleomycin (BLM) and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are compared with that of Ga-67 citrate, which is currently the most widely used agent. In four patients with lipomatous tumors, the clinical significance of tumor imaging with each of these three agents is discussed and compared. Results indicate that both Tc-99m BLM and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are superior in detecting the extension or localization of liposarcomas.
Use of chaperones by general practitioners.
Authors: A Speelman, J Savage, M Verburgh
Journal: BMJ (1993)

as in previous studies,7'8 we compared peak expiratory flow rates over seven day periods during respiratory episodes and control periods.By doing this we may have failed to recognise brief asthma exacerbations with modest decreases in peak expiratory flow rate, but we were less likely to include as exacerbations variability in airflow related to poorly controlled asthma.None of the previous studies in adults tested for coronaviruses, and Huhti et al did not culture for rhinoviruses.5In our study, identifications of rhino- viruses by seminested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and coronaviruses by ELISA improved the diagnosis of both viruses and enabled us to show that they are important causes of respiratory disease leading to exacerbations of asthma in adults as well as in children.2A2425Given the far better performance of polymerase chain reaction than conventional diagnostic techniques, the newer molecular methods should greatly facilitate research in this important area.
Randomised controlled trials and retrospective controls.
Authors: L Cranberg
Journal: BMJ (1980)

per se a benign condition, Dressler himself described the main complication of post- myocardial infarction syndrome as being cardiac tamponade in patients who had been prescribed anticoagulants, this being the cause of death in one member of his original series.5It also appears that prior to Dressler's original paper there were numerous reports in the literature describing haemopericardium (often fatal) in postinfarction patients on anticoagulants.Many of these appear in retrospect to have had features of the then unrecognised postmyocardial infarction syndrome.
Simvastatin reduces venous stenosis formation in a murine hemodialysis vascular access model
Authors: Rajiv Janardhanan, Binxia Yang, Pawan Vohra, Bhaskar Roy, Sarah Withers, Santanu Bhattacharya, Jaywant Mandrekar, Hyunjoon Kong, Edward B. Leof, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay Misra
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) is responsible for hemodialysis vascular access malfunction. Here we tested whether VNH formation occurs, in part, due to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 gene expression causing adventitial fibroblast transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts (α-SMA-positive cells). These cells have increased proliferative and migratory capacity leading to VNH formation. Simvastatin was used to decrease VEGF-A and MMP-9 gene expression in our murine arteriovenous fistula model created by connecting the right carotid artery to the ipsilateral jugular vein. Compared to fistulae of vehicle-treated mice, the fistulae of simvastatin-treated mice had the expected decrease in VEGF-A and MMP-9 but also showed a significant reduction in MMP-2 expression with a significant decrease in VNH and a significant increase in the mean lumen vessel area. There was an increase in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and decreases in α-SMA density, cell proliferation, and HIF-1α and hypoxyprobe staining. This latter result prompted us to determine the effect of simvastatin on fibroblasts subjected to hypoxia in vitro. Simvastatin-treated fibroblasts had a significant decrease in myofibroblast production along with decreased cellular proliferation, migration, and MMP-9 activity but increased caspase 3 activity suggesting increased apoptosis. Thus, simvastatin results in a significant reduction in VNH, with increase in mean lumen vessel area by decreasing VEGF-A/MMP-9 pathway activity.
The Mental Health Technician: Maryland's Design for a New Health Career
Authors: ROBERT M. VIDAVER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Alternative pathways to traditional graduate education and the national emergence of community college curricula leading to associate of arts degrees in a variety of human service fields are discussed in relation to Maryland's mental health technician program. Emphasizing the need, initially, for "generalist" skills, the author proposes an open-ended system for the technicians' continued educational and professional growth through subspecialty in-service courses, opportunities for advanced collegiate education, and administrative channels for lateral and vertical mobility.
Accelerated repletion of ATP and GTP pools in postischemic canine myocardium using a precursor of purine de novo synthesis.
Authors: J L Swain, J J Hines, R L Sabina, E W Holmes
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

During ischemia, the myocardial content of the purine nucleotides ATP and GTP falls and remains depressed for hours to days. Prolonged depletion of ATP in the postischemic state is accompanied by functional and ultrastructural abnormalities. This report describes the successful use of the purine precursor 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside to selectively enhance the rate of repletion of the ATP and GTP pools in postischemic myocardium.
Little Red Book from the Park of Cathay
Authors: E. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1972)

linearity below 0(90 and above 1-05 suggests some overlap between euthyroid E.T.R. values and hypo-or hyperthyroid results.The E.T.R. results from 25 pregnant women and 14 women who were taking oestrogen-containing contraceptive prepara- tions were 0-91-1-04 and 0'93-1-06 respectively.99.99
An Unusual Complication of Esophageal Dilatation
Authors: William M. McMillan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE LITERATURE is replete with reports of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of these represent voluntary ingestion, while others are the result of either accident or errors in the course of treatment. The case presented represents an unusual chain of circumstances following the ingestion of an esophageal string in the course of esophageal dilatation. The author has been unable to find a similar report in the literature. The usual procedure in esophageal dilatation consists of having the patient swallow a string which is taped to the side of the face, and is subsequently used as a guide for the passage of an esophageal dilator. Following the completion of the procedure, the patient is allowed to swallow the string which normally passes through the gastrointestinal tract without incident. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This 43-year-old man was admitted to Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital on Feb 18, 1964, with complaints
Cdk Inhibitor p27Kip1 and Hormone Dependence in Breast Cancer
Authors: Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract p27Kip1 is an important regulator of the G1 to S transition. While a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent-kinase (Cdk)2, p27 is also involved in assembly of cyclin D/Cdk4 complexes. Although rarely mutated, p27 is functionally downregulated in many human cancers by mechanisms involving enhanced degradation, cytoplasmic mislocalization, and/or sequestration by cyclin D/Cdk complexes in response to oncogenic signals. Therefore, low levels and/or cytoplasmic localized p27 have been associated with enhanced malignancy and poor patient prognosis in many neoplasias including breast cancer. Recent data discussed below suggest that a threshold of p27 is required for response to antiestrogens and, conversely, that low levels predict for antiestrogen resistance. These results imply that hormone receptor-positive tumors with low and/or cytosolic p27 respond poorly to antiestrogens and should be considered for alternative therapeutic strategies.
Osteoporosis And Fluorides
Authors: Paul D. Saville
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The study of Bernstein et al, "Prevalence of Osteoporosis in High- and Low-Fluoride Areas in North Dakota" (<b>198</b>:499, 1966) is peculiar in the finding of osteoporosis and spine fractures in 50% of elderly men in both highand low-fluoride areas, as well as in 40% of elderly women in low-fluoride areas. Vincent and Urist (<i>Clin Orthop</i><b>19</b>:245, 1961) found severe osteoporosis and spine fractures in 26% of institutionalized women, average age 85 years, and in 12% of institutionalized men whose average age was 66 years. Gershon-Cohen et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>153</b>:625, 1953) found fractures of the spine in 20% of the men and 29% of the women in a group of institutionalized individuals whose ages ranged from 63 to 95 years. In both of these studies the authors radiographed the thoracic as well as the lumbar spine, thereby increasing the chances of finding fractures. These findings
Growing consensus in COPD?
Authors: P Vermeire
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

In this issue, the Journal is pleased to present to its readers the publication of a consensus statement of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) on the "Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)" [1].This document was prepared by a major Task Force, established by the Executive Committee in December 1992, and it was approved in its final form by the Committee at its meeting of 13-14 May 1995.Considerable tribute should be paid to Professor Siafakas, who, since the project was started, has been the main driving force for achieving its goal.This is the first statement on the management of a major pulmonary disease, written entirely by members of the ERS, and finally published in its Journal as a consensus statement with the approval of its Executive Committee.One cannot but hope that more of these are to follow.Preparation and publication of authoritative statements should undoubtedly be a major objective of an ambitious "young" society.Three years ago, our journal published the full version of the "International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Management of Asthma" [2], which followed a cascade of such guidelines and statements released at a rapid rate since 1989.In an accompanying Editorial [3], I reflected on the contribution of such guidelines to improving overall management of the disease, and on the usefulness of having several consensus reports published in a short time-span.It is tempting to consider how such reflections could be adapted to the more complex entity of COPD.As remarked in the foreword of the statement, there have been far fewer attempts to develop consensus guidelines on the management of COPD than of asthma.Hence the second question of the 1992 Editorial does not seem as relevant to COPD as it was to asthma.Despite its undoubted merits, the Canadian statement [4] did not aim to cover the subjects as comprehensively, whereas, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) statement on standards for COPD and asthma [5] was published 8 yrs earlier.However, the question has prospective relevance in that other societies are preparing, and will most likely soon publish, consensus statements on COPD management.Would it be preferable to have prolonged transatlantic international exchange of views and practices before any consensus is written and published, or might a solid international consensus on COPD develop better as the result of a variety of statements being published in succession?For asthma, it appears that the latter occurred in 1992 and that the two additional widely EDITORIAL
Points from Letters: Price of Ethambutol
Authors: T. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1974)

December, p. 573) reads: "Though there is still some dispute about the mechanism of the association the evidence from human and animal studies suggests that it is the smoking rather than the type of woman who smokes which is responsible (British Medical 7ournal, 1973)."To the uninformed reader the reference to your leading article (17 February, p. 369) might convey the im- pression that you undertook a critical analysis of the smoking/smoker problem.This was not the case.Indeed, the papersl 2 and letters: I by the late Professor J. Yerushalmy that examined this question in depth were not even mentioned.Your article began: "No reasonable doubt now remains that smoking in pregnancy has adverse effects on the developing fetus."The (in my view) eminently reasonable doubts expressed by Yerushalmyl-4 have now
Dutch experience differs
Authors: B. C. Kleijer, E. R. Heerdink, R. J. van Marum
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a complex disease with a known human genetic component. Males seem to be more affected than females and in most countries the TB notification rate is twice as high in males as in females. While socio-economic status, behaviour and sex hormones influence the male bias they do not fully account for it. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome, while diploid females are subject to X chromosome inactivation. In addition, the X chromosome codes for many immune-related genes, supporting the hypothesis that X-linked genes could contribute to TB susceptibility in a sex-biased manner. We report the first TB susceptibility genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a specific focus on sex-stratified autosomal analysis and the X chromosome. Individuals from an admixed South African population were genotyped using the Illumina Multi Ethnic Genotyping Array, specifically designed as a suitable platform for diverse and admixed populations. Association testing was done on the autosome and X chromosome in a sex stratified and combined manner. SNP association testing was not statistically significant using a stringent cut-off for significance but revealed likely candidate genes that warrant further investigation. A genome wide interaction analysis detected 16 significant interactions. Finally, the results highlight the importance of sex-stratified analysis as strong sex-specific effects were identified on both the autosome and X chromosome.
Mortality of a cohort of workers in the styrene-butadiene polymer manufacturing industry (1943-1982).
Authors: G M Matanoski, C Santos-Burgoa, L Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A cohort of 12,110 male workers employed 1 or more years in eight styrene-butadiene polymer (SBR) manufacturing plants in the United States and Canada has been followed for mortality over a 40-year period, 1943 to 1982. The all-cause mortality of these workers was low [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.81] compared to that of the general population. However, some specific sites of cancers had SMRs that exceeded 1.00. These sites were then examined by major work divisions. The sites of interest included leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in whites. The SMRs for cancers of the digestive tract were higher than expected, especially esophageal cancer in whites and stomach cancer in blacks. The SMR for arteriosclerotic heart disease in black workers was significantly higher than would be expected based on general population rates. Employees were assigned to a work area based on job longest held. The SMRs for specific diseases differed by work area. Production workers showed increased SMRs for hematologic neoplasms and maintenance workers, for digestive cancers. A significant excess SMR for arteriosclerotic heart disease occurred only in black maintenance workers, although excess mortality from this disease occurred in blacks regardless of where they worked the longest. A significant excess SMR for rheumatic heart disease was associated with work in the combined, all-other work areas. For many causes of death, there were significant deficits in the SMRs.
What is the most effective operation for adults with severe and complex obesity?
Authors: J. M. Blazeby, J. Byrne, R. Welbourn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Accessing, undergoing, and achieving a successful outcome from surgery for “severe and complex obesity” is difficult and requires determination and effort. Here, we consider “severe and complex obesity” to mean that an individual’s health is compromised by his or her weight to the extent that surgery can be considered to be an appropriate option.1 Surgery may be offered to adults with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥40, or a BMI of ≥35 with an obesity related disease, and it can be very successful. An average 50% of excess weight may be lost in the first few years after surgery, and if this is sustained it is associated with long term reduction in overall mortality and decreased incidences of diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer.1 2 This treatment, however, requires careful consideration and serious commitment, with the need to demonstrate full engagement in a structured weight loss programme, to have tried all appropriate non-invasive measures of weight loss, and persevered for referral to a specialist surgical team.1 Once surgery is approved it is necessary to choose which operation to undergo.

Worldwide, three operations predominate: laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery (gastric band), laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (gastric bypass), and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In gastric band surgery an adjustable band is placed around the top of the stomach (fig 1⇓). Gastric bypass, which takes longer to perform than a band and requires more operative skill, involves creation of a small gastric pouch that is attached to a limb of intestine so ingested food bypasses the duodenum and proximal small intestine (fig 2⇓). In sleeve gastrectomy, which is technically less complex than a bypass, the greater curvature of the stomach is resected (fig 3⇓).



Fig 1 Gastric band surgery showing (a) a small “virtual” pouch of …
Felodipine inhibits nuclear translocation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and human smooth muscle cell growth
Authors: Zhihong Yang, Anna Madinova, Toshiyuki Kozai, Hana Joch, Ueli Aebi, Thomas F Lüscher
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation contributes to vascular structural changes in cardiovascular disease. Ca2+ antagonists exert antiproliferative effects and may also be clinically beneficial in the patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), in particular p42/44mapk plays a central role in cell proliferation. We hypothesise that Ca2+ antagonists inhibit cell proliferation by interfering with the p42/44mapk pathway in human SMC. Methods: SMC were cultured from human aorta. Cell proliferation was analysed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Activation of p42/44mapk and the nuclear target protein Elk-1 was analysed by phosphorylation and p42/44mapk nuclear translocation by confocal microscope. Results: PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, phosphorylated p42/44mapk, caused nuclear translocation of the enzymes and phosphorylated the nuclear target protein Elk-1. Felodipine (10−7 to 10−5 mol/l) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation to PDGF-BB, had no effect on p42/44mapk phosphorylation. However, p42/44mapk nuclear translocation and Elk-1 activation stimulated by PDGF-BB were prevented by the Ca2+ antagonist. Conclusion: Activation of p42/44mapk, subsequent nuclear translocation and activation of Elk-1 are essentially associated with human SMC proliferation. The Ca2+ antagonist felodipine prevents p42/44mapk nuclear translocation (but not its activation) associated with inhibition of human SMC growth.
HEREDITARY SUBNORMAL COLOR-PERCEPTION.
Authors: F. SAVARY PEARCE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Subnormal color-perception frequently presents a grotesqueness which always subtly attracts the attention of students of medicine and psychology. That there is a physical basis for this aberration of the sense of sight, is proved, although at times it seems necessary to search for the origin of the peculiar condition by assuming some metaphysical or vital perversion of energy of the human body causing an incoördination of neuronic action from the impinging light rays. Speculation, however, may be indulged in as to this type. The more intimate we become with the knowledge of family histories found in such types of diseased functions, the more apt we shall be in determining the possible atavistic tendency to this state; and in knowing this possibility, we are as physicians made better able to cope with the broad subject of consanguinity of marriage or, indeed, of marital union of persons having any "weak points" in
Cancer of the urogenital tract: prostatic cancer. Hormone control and surgery. Conversion into resectable lesion
Authors: W. W. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Carcinoma of the prostate gland is a common and lethal disease. For many years, urologists have attempted to establish an early diagnosis of the disease at a time when the nodular growth is entirely confined within the prostate gland, and have advocated complete extirpation of the growth by radical prostatectomy. Jewett et al<sup>35</sup>have recently published data emphasizing the wisdom of this radical approach to carcinoma of the prostate and report that of 86 patients followed up for 15 or more years after radical perineal prostatectomy, 33% (28) are living without evidence of cancer. The dramatic regression of primary carcinomatous lesions of the prostate which often results from endocrine-control therapy suggested to a number of urologists<sup>36-40</sup>that radical perineal prostatectomy might prove curative for selected patients whose carcinomatous lesions were too far advanced to permit radical prostatectomy when first examined. Our experience in treating these advanced cases of
Abstract 4138: Resveratrol induces COX-2-dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Cassie Lin, Annette Sebuyira, Faith B. Davis, Paul J. Davis, Hung-Yun Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Resveratrol is a naturally-occurring trihydroyxl-diphenylethylene compound that has been shown experimentally to have beneficial effects in the treatment of cancer and cardiovascular disease. We have studied the molecular basis of the anti-cancer actions of resveratrol, using human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cells. Resveratrol induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in these cells and activates important signal transducing proteins including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cancer cells. Resveratrol also causes nuclear accumulation of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and of the oncogene suppressor protein, p53. Expressed constitutively, cytoplasmic COX-2 is a marker of tumor cell aggressiveness, but there is a resveratrol-inducible pool of nuclear COX-2 that is important to activation (Ser-15 phosphorylation) of the oncogene suppressor protein, p53. Our findings include the following: (1) Nuclear accumulation of COX-2 in resveratrol-treated cells is blocked by the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. (2) An inhibitor of COX-2 activity, NS398, prevents accumulation in the nucleus of ERK1/2, COX-2, activated p53 and SUMO-1. (3) Apoptosis, quantitated by nucleosome ELISA and the nuclear abundance of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xs, were inhibited by NS398. This finding implicates nuclear COX-2 in p53-mediated apoptosis induced by resveratrol. Sumoylation is important to stabilization of p53 and a COX-2/SUMO-1 interaction suggests sumoylation of COX-2 in resveratrol-treated cells. (4) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies showed binding of induced nuclear COX-2 to the promoter region of p21, a pro-apoptotic gene target of transcriptionally active p53. In summary, nuclear accumulation of activated ERK1/2 and COX-2 are essential to resveratrol-induced, pSer-15-p53-mediated apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4138.