tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral complications of cancer.
Authors: F M Calman, J Langdon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

for personal use are not threatened by police activities use of drugs is not available as an excuse for committing crimes against property.Drug users are held responsible for their own criminal activities, like all other citizens, and they are prosecuted-but they may be referred to treatment facilities.This approach cannot, unfortunately, be offered to all addicts, and, indeed, around a third of all prison inmates are drug addicts.Education on the risks of drugs (including cannabis) has been integrated into general health education.Youngsters have to learn to cope with the risks of life and to take responsibility.The Dutch believe that specific drug education, particularly when it emphasises the dangers by warning and scare tactics, is ineffective.There are no mass media campaigns.Helping agencies do not wait for addicts to approach their offices: they take the help to as many addicts as possible.A wide range of accessible treatment, counselling, and rehabilitation services is on offer, and these have realistic treatment goals primarily directed at improving addicts' physical and social functioning.Immediate abstinence is not required.Non-moralising maintenance with methadone is one of the many modalities.Addicts are encouraged to try to retain relations with "normal" society as long as possible.This "harm reduction" approach does not prevent many addicts kicking their habit in drug free facilities.It has nothing to do with pampering addicts.Failure to provide this type of care and support would simply make matters worse and increase the risks to the individual and society.Keeping close contact with addicts is also a prerequisite for achieving changes in behaviour aimed at preventing AIDS.Addicts can get condoms and clean needles free-important policies, but not a panacea.Prevention must be embedded in a broader care system.One of the services needed, for example, is open door centres for drug misusing prostitutes.What are the results of both this prosecution policy and the prevention and treatment policies?Firstly, most Dutch youngsters are not interested in drugs.In the 10-18 age group the prevalence of cannabis use at the beginning of 1989 was 2-7%.'For heroine and cocaine the figures were 0-25% and 0 3; these percentages were 0-2% and 06% for the whole
Management of primary resistance to gemcitabine and cisplatin (G–C) chemotherapy in metastatic bladder cancer with HER2 over-expression
Authors: D. Amsellem-Ouazana, P. Beuzeboc, M. Peyromaure, A. Viellefond, M. Zerbib, B. Debre
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
THE URINE IN DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: ARTHUR R. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1896)

While diabetes mellitus is not a disease of the kidney, it finds its chief clinical expression in certain profound alterations in the character of the urine. This fact renders the study of that secretion of primary importance in the diagnosis and management of the disease. The great practical value of urinary analysis in these cases is generally recognized, but the importance of painstaking and frequently repeated examinations is not so extensively appreciated. An analysis which includes only the detection of sugar and the estimation of the specific gravity and reaction is rudimentary and neglects many valuable considerations. Close observation of the urine will help us to a more perfect understanding of the progress of the case and its prognosis, and will result in the early detection of developing complications. I have been impressed by the comparatively casual manner with which the urinary changes of this affection are considered in special
Involvement of the Central Nervous System in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: John deR. Slade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis is generally regarded as a benign disease having a uniformly good prognosis. In the majority of cases this belief is substantiated, but in occasional cases this disease causes permanent damage and sometimes seriously threatens life.The clinical features of infectious mononucleosis have been described in detail1 2 3 4 5 6 and there are numerous articles on the hematological findings.1 , 2 , 5 , 7 8 9 10 There have, however, been relatively few reports dealing with the abnormalities of the central nervous system sometimes encountered.The first case of involvement of the central nervous system in infectious mononucleosis was reported by Johansen11 in 1931. His patient presented meningismus, drowsiness, impaired . . .
PELLAGRA ASSOCIATED WITH ANNULAR CARCINOMA OF THE TERMINAL PORTION OF THE ILEUM
Authors: FRANKLIN R. NUZUM
Journal: JAMA (1925)

W. L. Bender has recently recorded three instances of carcinoma of the stomach associated with pellagra.<sup>1</sup>He could find in the literature only two similar reports. One, by Rolph,<sup>2</sup>recorded a woman with a skin eruption, glossitis, pharyngitis and mental symptoms considered typical of pellagra, coming on four months before death. At death, a carcinoma of the stomach was found. The carcinoma was located in the cardia and mechanically interfered with the passage of food into the stomach. The second, by Bryan,<sup>3</sup>concerned a patient with symptoms of peptic ulcer for twenty years who developed a dermatitis and stomatitis typical of pellagra. This patient had a carcinoma of the stomach, which was resected, and in two months the skin lesions had completely disappeared. Three instances of acute pellagra following operations for suspected gastric ulcer are cited by Graves.<sup>4</sup> Bender reports three instances. In one, a patient
Patients must have control of their medical records
Authors: M. Al-Ubaydli
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Imagine an elderly patient with heart disease, arthritis, and a history of depression who needs social care at home. These are the patients who generate most of the work and cost in today’s developed world health systems, and usually their care is fragmented. Our hypothetical patient sees two specialist nurses as well as different general practitioners at her local practice. She sees three sets of specialists, two of them at different hospitals, and she is to have a cataract removed at a third hospital. A carer comes every day, and she depends heavily on her three sons who share her care and live in different parts of the country.

Everybody accepts that this patient will have better care, and that costs to the health system will be lower, if her care can be integrated. But how can that be done? Well, one way—and perhaps the only way—is through the patient having electronic records that she controls herself: a personal health record.

A personal health record is different from an electronic patient record in that the patient controls it rather than an institution. The beauty …
Psychogeriatric Ward for Mentally Disturbed Elderly Patients
Authors: F. Post
Journal: BMJ (1973)

iportant item in the Declaration of Geneva is "My colleagues will be my brothers."It will be a gross violation of that ethical code if the B.M.A. or any other menber of the W.M.A. supports any move to expel, not the South African Government, but the M.A.S.A.-whose
Some Profuse Strains Of Unpremeditated Art
Authors: Benjamin Glaser
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  With the appearance of Art on the covers of ourJournal, it might not be amiss to add a further touch of art to LETTERS, such as to the communication on page 106 of the issue of April 4.  Medicine is both an art and a science. The scientific contribution by Dr. Ashley Montagu An Infallible Cure for Hiccups evokes an artistic counterpart, befitting to a young Austrian actress:
A Clinical Lecture on a Case of Scurvy-Rickets in a Boy of Twelve Years: Delivered at St. Mary's Hospital, November 2nd, 1899
Authors: E. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1899)

GENTLEMEN,-Many of you have already seen this interesting ease, for I brought the boy before you on October 23rd, immediately on his adm,ission to the hospital, but as I had not time on that occasion to go fully into hlis history, I had to content myself with calling your attention to the most salient features of his disease, for 1 was anxious that you should see them whilst they were in their most marked form.Briefly, as you will remember, his condition was this: He looked extremely ill; he was anaemic to the last degree, feeble, and listless; his ankles were swollen, his legs were motionless, and his gums were spongy and bleeding.His mother, who had just then brought him up to the lo'pital for urgent admission,
Malignant Cells in a Peripheral Blood Smear
Authors: Gerald C. Finkel, Garson H. Tishkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IN recent years considerable interest has been directed toward the observation of malignant cells in the peripheral blood exclusive of lymphoma and leukemia. Studies have been concerned primarily with technics for the recognition of these cells and their quantitative enumeration.1 2 3 4 5 6 Because of the difficulty in demonstrating these cells in routine blood examination, proposed methods have dealt primarily with ways of concentrating them. Reports of malignant cells in a routine blood smear have been extremely rare.1 , 7 Therefore, we consider the following case to be of unusual interest.Case ReportD.C (B.I.H. M107906), a 73-year-old married former printer, presented with a chief . . .
Medicare Down Under: Bureaucracy Triumphant
Authors: Peter C. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Sunshine, beaches, the Harbour Bridge, the Opera House, theatre, art, music, oysters, beer, football, horse racing, and a favourable exchange rate—Sydney seems a tourist's paradise. We local physicians aren't sure that it's a paradise for us. Had this letter been written in the mid-1960s, it would have described a variety of health services that met the needs of all Australians and that remunerated physicians adequately. A letter in the mid-1970s would have described a new scheme that made little difference to health services, but considerably decreased general practitioners' incomes. This letter records the latest scheme, which has seriously damaged the delivery of health services and eroded the incomes of all physicians. Medicare, financed by a compulsory levy on income, started in 1983. It covers all charges at state hospitals and medical services at physicians' offices. Additional insurance for private hospital accommodation charges is permitted. But private insurance for physicians' fees
Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control.
Authors: J P Boineau, R B Schuessler, C R Mooney, A C Wylds, C B Miller, R D Hudson, J M Borremans, C W Brockus
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In studies to ascertain the basis of dynamic changes in the P wave, bipolar epicardial potentials were recorded from multiple atrial electrodes in dogs. One hundred to 120 activation times were displayed by a digital computer and used to construct atrial isotemporal activation sequence maps. Changes in heart rate or beat-to-beat cycle length were induced by vagal stimulation or infusion of autonomic mediating drugs. Changes in cycle length were associated with dynamic changes in the atrial activation sequence and surface P-wave. A conspicuous finding was that epicardial atrial depolarization began at three widely separated locations. These three points were consistently present in all animals and were generally located at the 12, 3, and 6 o'clock positions of the superior vena cava-right atrial junction. The dynamic changes in P waves and atrial activation sequence which accompanied the changes in cycle length were due to sudden shifts in the point of earliest activity between the three early sites. Asymmetric atrial depolarization with more rapid conduction along the crista terminalis, superior interatrial band, and pectinate muscles was present in all dogs. Although the anisotropic atrial geometry played an important role in the asymmetric conduction, the widely distributed onset of activity contributed significantly to the uneven spread. The multiple points of origin of the atrial wavefront might be explained by either a trifocal, distributed pacemaker or the epicardial exits of three specialized pathways conducting an impulse emanating from a single focus. These data explain the dynamic variation in P-wave morphology in normal hearts and also imply a relationship between the altered origin of atrial depolarization, atypical P waves, brady- or tachyarrhythmias, and heart rate control.
Expression of epithelial cadherin and alpha- and beta-catenins in nontumoral livers and hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: A Ihara
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Expression of the cell adhesion molecule, epithelial cadherin (E-CD) and its binding proteins, alpha- and beta-catenins, in normal liver, chronic liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) was investigated immunohistologically. In normal liver, weak immunostaining of E-CD and catenins was observed at the lateral membranes of the hepatocytes, whereas at the interlobular bile duct epithelia, they stained strongly. No immunoreactions were seen in sinusoidal Kupffer cells. Similar results were observed in the majority of livers from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis sufferers; however, hepatocytes undergoing regeneration and rosette formation, as well as Hering canals and proliferating ductules, showed markedly increased molecular expression. Analysis of 66 HCC lesions revealed that the majority (64.3-96.6%) of thin trabecular- and pseudoglandular-type tumors preserved or overexpressed E-CD and catenins, whereas thick trabecular-type HCCs frequently showed low E-CD and alpha-catenin expression (56.5-65.2% reduction), suggesting that the thick trabecular histology represented diffuse tumor cell growth. Likewise, the E-CD and catenin expression levels correlated with the HCC cell differentiation grades. These collective results indicate that intercellular adhesion mediated by the E-CD-catenin system plays a role in morphological changes in nonmalignant and malignant hepatic diseases. (Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1441-7)
Abstract 3219: Synergistic effect between Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) and lapatinib in HER2+ inflammatory breast cancer cells
Authors: Yismeilin Feliz-Mosquea, Ivette Suárez-Arroyo, Luis A. Cubano, Michelle M. Martínez-Montemayor
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is the most lethal and rare form of breast cancer. It is characterized by rapid progression, local and distant metastases, younger age of onset, and lower overall survival compared with other breast cancers. Although IBC, like non-IBC breast cancers, is a heterogeneous disease and can occur as any of the five molecular breast cancer subtypes, they are most commonly either triple negative; or ER-, PR- and HER2+ overexpressed. There is no specific IBC treatment; thus, it seems feasible to find a therapeutic for this deadly disease. Our published data demonstrates that Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) inhibits the viability of the triple negative IBC SUM149 cell line, but not of MCF10A noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Consequently, in this study, we aimed to investigate Reishi effects in the viability of the ER-, PR-, HER2+ IBC cells lines SUM190 and KPL4. Also we studied the effects of Reishi on IBC cells when treated in complement with the HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, lapatinib (Tykerb®). Our hypothesis is that Reishi chemosensitizes IBC cells to lapatinib therapy. Herein, SUM190 and KPL-4 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of lapatinib and/or Reishi for 24 or 72h. Our results demonstrate that SUM190 and KPL-4 cells are sensitive to Reishi treatment. The combination of lapatinib plus Reishi reduced cell viability of SUM190 cells to 70% when treated with a concentration of 0.5mg/mL Reishi for 24h. Also, our data shows a reduction in cell viability of 94% in KPL-4 cells treated with lapatinib plus Reishi for 72h. We are currently directing our efforts to continue studying the contribution of Reishi in IBC cells when treated with lapatinib after 24 or 72h. Our results provide evidence that Reishi inhibits cancer cell viability and chemosensitizes IBC cells to lapatinib therapy, highlighting its anti-IBC-therapeutic potential. We thank Dr. Kurebayashi (Kawasaki Medical School, Japan) for providing KPL-4 cells. This project was sponsored by NIH/NCI #1F31CA174307 to ISA, Title V PPOHA US Department of Education #P031M105050 to UCC, NIH/RCMI #G12MD007583 to UCC, NIH/INBRE #5P20GM103475 to UPR/UCC and a research donation from the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to UCC's University Center of Integral and Complementary Medicine (CUMIC)/MMM. Citation Format: Yismeilin Feliz-Mosquea, Ivette Suárez-Arroyo, Luis A. Cubano, Michelle M. Martínez-Montemayor. Synergistic effect between Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) and lapatinib in HER2+ inflammatory breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3219. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3219
Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding During Estrogen Therapy
Authors: Byrne R. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The discussion of the management of postmenopausal bleeding during estrogen therapy (225:1539,1973) emphasized the exclusion of endometrial cancer, in these circumstances, by dilatation and curettage (D &amp; C). Uterine bleeding is the most common complication of postmenopausal estrogen therapy, occurring in as many as 30% of patients so treated.<sup>1</sup>It is also the most significant. Approximately 5% to 8% of the women with bleeding will be found to have endometrial carcinoma.<sup>1,2</sup> The traditional manner of endometrial evaluation has been by D &amp; C; however, the histopathologic findings in properly performed endometrial biopsy correlate with those from D &amp; C in more than 90% of cases.<sup>3</sup>Endometrial biopsy can be done immediately, as an office procedure, thus avoiding hospitalization, anesthesia, and delay in diagnosis. After 5 ml of lidocaine hydrochloride is injected into each uterosacral area (uterosacral block), a very thorough and practically painless biopsy can
Vasodilatory actions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide and high Ca2+ effects in normal man.
Authors: T Fujita, Y Ito, H Noda, Y Sato, K Ando, K Kangawa, H Matsuo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To study vascular actions of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha hANP) in man, forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by strain-gauge plethysmograph during the continuous infusion of 100 ng/min alpha hANP dissolved in 5% dextrose into the brachial artery in healthy subjects. alpha hANP increased FBF, with the concomitant increase in ipsilateral limb venous plasma concentrations of alpha hANP. Overall, there was a significant linear correlation between the decrements of ipsilateral forearm vascular resistance (FVR) during infusions of alpha hANP and initial FVR levels (r = -0.883, P less than 0.01). Moreover, alpha hANP, at the stepwise increasing doses of 20, 100, and 500 ng/min, increased FBF in a dose-related fashion: alpha hANP elicits a concentration-dependent vasodilation of forearm vascular beds. Concomitantly, infusions of alpha hANP caused a dose-dependent increase in ipsilateral limb venous plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP). Overall, there were direct correlations of FBF either to ipsilateral venous plasma alpha hANP (r = 0.724, P less than 0.01) or to cyclic GMP concentrations (r = 0.637, P less than 0.01). Subsequently, isoosmolar CaCl2 solution was infused into the same brachial artery at a rate of 0.09 meq/min, and then, with a 2.5 +/- 0.2-mg/dl increase in ipsilateral venous serum calcium concentrations the incremental responses of both FBF and plasma cyclic GMP to alpha hANP were severely blunted. There was also a significant positive linear correlation between FBF and venous plasma cyclic GMP during infusions of alpha hANP with the simultaneous administration of CaCl2 (r = 0.807, P less than 0.01). Finally, the addition of CaCl2 infusion did not change the slope of the regression line of the FBF-plasma cyclic GMP relationship during infusions of alpha hANP. Evidence presented suggests that alpha hANP acts directly on the forearm vascular beds in man, eliciting its vascular relaxant effect, possibly by increasing cellular levels of cyclic GMP. Moreover, modest elevations of serum calcium inhibit the alpha hANP-dependent vasodilation, possibly through the suppression of cyclic GMP activation.
Coccidioidomycosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Danetta A. Bronnimann, Rodney D. Adam, John N. Galgiani, Michael P. Habib, Eskild A. Petersen, Bruce Porter, John W. Bloom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Of 27 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Tucson, Arizona, 7 had concurrent coccidioidomycosis. Early manifestations of infection in 6 patients included diffuse nodular pulmonary infiltrates and Coccidioides immitis in many extrathoracic sites. By comparison, a retrospective review of the cases of 300 patients hospitalized with coccidioidal infection identified only 13 patients without AIDS who had the same extent of infection, and only 3 of these patients had no immunosuppressing conditions. Antibodies for coccidioidal antigens at serum dilutions as high as 1:2048 were detected in 5 of the 7 patients with AIDS. Six had temporary responses to amphotericin B treatment, taken both alone and combined with ketoconazole, but all died within 14 months of their diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Because annual rates of coccidioidal infection in the Tucson area are 4% or less, the rate of 27% that we calculated, based on 7 patients having the infection during 26 years of risk for AIDS, suggests frequent reactivation of the infection or enhanced susceptibility to endemic exposure in persons with AIDS.