tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kidney Paired Donation and Optimizing the Use of Live Donor Organs
Authors: Dorry L. Segev
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Blood type and crossmatch incompatibility will exclude at least one third of patients in need from receiving a live donor kidney transplant. Kidney paired donation (KPD) offers incompatible donor/recipient pairs the opportunity to match for compatible transplants. Despite its increasing popularity, very few transplants have resulted from KPD.To determine the potential impact of improved matching schemes on the number and quality of transplants achievable with KPD.We developed a model that simulates pools of incompatible donor/recipient pairs. We designed a mathematically verifiable optimized matching algorithm and compared it with the scheme currently used in some centers and regions. Simulated patients from the general community with characteristics drawn from distributions describing end-stage renal disease patients eligible for renal transplantation and their willing and eligible live donors.Number of kidneys matched, HLA mismatch of matched kidneys, and number of grafts surviving 5 years after transplantation.A national optimized matching algorithm would result in more transplants (47.7% vs 42.0%, P<.001), better HLA concordance (3.0 vs 4.5 mismatched antigens; P<.001), more grafts surviving at 5 years (34.9% vs 28.7%; P<.001), and a reduction in the number of pairs required to travel (2.9% vs 18.4%; P<.001) when compared with an extension of the currently used first-accept scheme to a national level. Furthermore, highly sensitized patients would benefit 6-fold from a national optimized scheme (2.3% vs 14.1% successfully matched; P<.001). Even if only 7% of patients awaiting kidney transplantation participated in an optimized national KPD program, the health care system could save as much as $750 million.The combination of a national KPD program and a mathematically optimized matching algorithm yields more matches with lower HLA disparity. Optimized matching affords patients the flexibility of customizing their matching priorities and the security of knowing that the greatest number of high-quality matches will be found and distributed equitably.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin plasma levels in Seveso 20 years after the accident.
Authors: M T Landi, D Consonni, D G Patterson, L L Needham, G Lucier, P Brambilla, M A Cazzaniga, P Mocarelli, A C Pesatori, P A Bertazzi, N E Caporaso
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

In 1976, near Seveso, Italy, an industrial accident caused the release of large quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) into the atmosphere, resulting in the highest levels of the toxicant ever recorded in humans. The contaminated area was divided into three zones (A, B, R) corresponding to decreasing TCDD levels in soil, and cohort including all residents was enumerated. The population of the surrounding noncontaminated area (non-ABR) was chosen as referent population. Two decades after the accident. plasma TCDD levels were measured in 62 subjects randomly sampled from the highest exposed zones (A and B) and 59 subjects from non-ABR, frequency matched for age, gender, and cigarette smoking status. Subjects living in the exposed areas have persistently elevated plasma TCDD levels (range = 1.2-89.9 ppt; geometric mean = 53.2 and 11.0 ppt for Zone A and Zone B, respectively). Levels significantly decrease by distance from the accident site (p = 0.0001), down to general population values (4.9 ppt) in non-ABR, thus validating the original zone classification based on environmental measurements. Women have higher TCDD levels than men in the entire study area (p = 0.0003 in Zone B; p = 0.007 in non-ABR). This gender difference persists after adjustment for location within the zone, consumption of meat derived from locally raised animals, age, body mass index, and smoking. There is no evidence for a gender difference in exposure, so variation in metabolism or elimination due to body fat or hormone-related factors may explain this finding. Elevated TCDD levels in women may contribute to adverse reproductive, developmental, and cancer outcomes.
Parkinson Biomarker Program
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrathecal Chemotherapy in Burkitt's Lymphoma
Authors: J. L. Ziegler, A. Z. Bluming
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Meningeal involvement with Burkitt lymphoma cells constitutes the most challenging therapeutic problem in the management of Burkitt9s tumour. The results of intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside in 55 episodes of malignant pleocytosis in 38 patients with Burkitt9s tumour are described. The response was complete in nearly all patients after the administration of either agent. Cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) remissions were more prolonged in patients receiving intrathecal methotrexate or cytosine arabinoside daily for four days as opposed to a 10-day schedule. A controlled randomized trial of “prophylactic” intrathecal chemotherapy in patients without malignant cells in the C.S.F. on admission showed no protective effect against the subsequent development of malignant pleocytosis. Future therapeutic approaches are considered in the light of these results.
Intralesional interferon α-2b has no effect in the treatment of keloids
Authors: T-W. Wong, H-C. Chiu, K-M. Yip
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Intralesional interferon α‐2b has no effect in the treatment of keloids Get access T‐W. Wong, T‐W. Wong Department of Dermatology National Taiwan University Hospital. Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H‐C. Chiu, H‐C. Chiu Department of Dermatology National Taiwan University Hospital. Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K‐M. Yip K‐M. Yip Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital. Taipei, Taiwan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Pages 683–684, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13125.x Published: 01 May 1994
A Comparison of the Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins, Glycoproteins, Urinary 17-Ketosteroids, and Gonadotropins in Eunuchs and Control Male Subjects
Authors: ROBERT H. FURMAN, R. PALMER HOWARD, M. R. SHETLAR, E. CORINNE KEATY, RICHARD IMAGAWA
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The proclivity of men to coronary artery disease has been recognized for almost 2 centuries. The gonadal hormones have understandably come under scrutiny in the search for the explanation of this marked sex difference in susceptibility to disease. Sex hormones are known to alter the physical state of the serum lipids. It has been suggested that eunuchs suffer a less severe form of coronary atherosclerosis than uncastrated subjects. This study compares the serum lipids and lipoproteins, as well as other serum and urinary constituents, in 24 castrated and 20 uncastrated institutionalized men.
beta-Hydroxybutyrate fuels synaptic function during development. Histological and physiological evidence in rat hippocampal slices.
Authors: Y Izumi, K Ishii, H Katsuki, A M Benz, C F Zorumski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

To determine whether ketone bodies sustain neuronal function as energy substrates, we examined the effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB) on synaptic transmission and morphological integrity during glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal slices. After the depression of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) by 60 min of glucose deprivation, administration of 0.5-10 mM D-betaHB restored EPSPs in slices from postnatal day (PND) 15 rats but not in slices from PND 30 or 120 rats. At PND 15, adding D-betaHB to the media allowed robust long-term potentiation of EPSPs triggered by high frequency stimulation, and prevented the EPSP-spike facilitation that suggests hyperexcitability of neurons. Even after PND 15,D-betaHB blocked morphological changes produced by either glucose deprivation or glycolytic inhibition. These results indicate that D-betaHB is not only able to substitute for glucose as an energy substrate but is also able to preserve neuronal integrity and stability, particularly during early development.
DEEMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS:.
Authors: G. A. GRANT PETERKIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article DEEMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS:: A Follow‐up and Survey of Treatment. Get access G. A. GRANT PETERKIN G. A. GRANT PETERKIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 1, 1 January 1951, Pages 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13661.x Published: 01 January 1951
Safety and immunogenicity of high molecular weight polysaccharide vaccine from immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: G B Pier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The safety and immunogenicity of a high molecular weight polysaccharide from immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested in a dose response fashion in adult volunteers. The vaccine lacked toxicity and pyrogenicity for experimental animals. Doses of 50, 75, 150, or 250 microgram were given to groups of individuals as a single dose subcutaneous injection. Doses of 150 and 250 microgram were associated with a significant rise in binding and opsonic antibody at 2 wk postimmunization. Titers remained unchanged for up to 6 mo. The vaccine was almost devoid of toxicity, eliciting no more than a slightly sore and tender arm at the site of injection. High molecular weight polysaccharide antigen appears to induce a good immune response following vaccination that is effective in mediating opsonophagocytic killing of live P. aeruginosa organisms.
Abstract 18016: Real Time MRI To Detect and Target Gaps in Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions
Authors: Ravi Ranjan, Eugene G Kholmovski, Sathya Vijayakumar, Joshua Blauer, Rob MacLeod, Nassir F Marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation is routinely used to treat numerous cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation. Due to the lack of any direct visualization of changes at the tissue level with ablation gaps remain in ablation lesion sets. In this study we investigated using MRI to identify these gaps in lesions sets and target them acutely. Methods: The study was carried out in pigs (n=5). Two discrete lesions were created in the right atrium spaced 10 mm apart using the CARTO (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA) electro-anatomical mapping system under fluoroscopy. The animal was then moved to the MRI scanner (3T, Verio, Siemens Healthcare, Germany) where delayed enhancement image after gadolinium infusion was acquired and used to identify the lesions and the gap in between them. Using real time catheter visualization in MRI the gap area was ablated using MRI compatible catheters (MRI Interventions Inc, Irvine, CA). Results: Panel A shows the two right atrial lesions and the gap in between as seen in MRI using delayed enhancement (lesions marked by white and green arrows). Panel B is a snap shot from the real time MRI showing the segmented right atrial shell with the lesions and the MRI catheter targeting the gap between the lesions. Panel C shows the delayed enhancement image acquired after ablation in the MRI scanner confirming that the gap area is ablated (yellow arrow). Panel D is a cross section of the right atrial tissue specimen showing the two lesions made using CARTO (white and green arrows) and the ablated gap area (yellow arrow) in between. We were able to detect gaps upto 2.6 mm in using delayed enhancement in MRI. Conclusions: Real time MRI can be used to identify gaps in lesion sets and target them acutely potentially leading to significant improvement in outcomes of ablation procedures.
Lymphoscintigraphy A Reliable Test for the Diagnosis of Lymphedema
Authors: SUAT-ENG TER, ABASS ALAVI, CHUN K. KIM, GENO MERLI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The efficacy of lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of lymphedema was evaluated in 17 patients (total of 20 extremities). Final diagnoses were: three extremitles with primary lymphedema, eight with secondary lymphedema, and nine with edema due to other causes. Qualitative interpretation of image patterns was reliable in differentiating lymphedema from edema of other origins (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). There were eight true-positive, nine true-negative, no false-positive, and three false-negative extremities. The three false-negative results occurred in extremities that were not imaged within the first hour. Lymphoscintigraphy is a reliable, objective, and noninvasive means of supporting the diagnosis of lymphedema, and lends itself more readlly to repeated studies for follow-up than other available tests.
Dr. Robert Koch and His Germ Theory of Cholera.
Authors: Henry Raymond Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Dunkirk, N. Y., June, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Robert Koch has sought to explain the cause of certain diseases upon the hypothesis of the action of pathogenic germs, invisible to the human eye. Upon the microscopic examination of the stools of cholera cases, he found different forms and kinds of germs, and among these was one of comma-shape, which he fancied was the cause of this disease. Through the process of "<i>culture</i>," and "<i>experiment</i>" upon the lower animals he asserts he has demonstrated that this germ is the actual cause of this disease. So confident was he that this newly discovered, comma-shaped object was the cause of cholera that for several years he continued to assert with the utmost assurance that the presence of these comma-shaped bacilli in the dejections of a person suspected of having this disease, constitutes positive evidence that the case is one of pure<i>Asiatic</i>
High affinity esterification of eicosanoid precursor fatty acids by platelets.
Authors: E J Neufeld, D B Wilson, H Sprecher, P W Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have examined the relative rates of uptake of several fatty acids into washed, human platelets by measuring incorporation into cellular phospholipids. In the presence of 15 microM fatty acid-free albumin and with radioactive fatty acid concentrations of 5-500 nM, esterification into phospholipid was linear with time and platelet concentration and saturable with respect to fatty acid concentration. Two distinct classes of uptake rate were observed. Arachidonate and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoate exhibited high affinity, relatively rapid incorporation into platelet phospholipids at pH 6.5: apparent Michaelis constant (Km) = 30 nM, apparent maximum velocity (Vmax) = 28 pmol/min per 10(9) platelets. Two other eicosanoid precursors, 5,8,11-eicosatrienoate and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, exhibited the same Vmax, but Km of 85 and 60 nM, respectively. Under the same conditions, stearate, oleate, and linoleate were incorporated into phospholipids much less efficiently (Vmax approximately 8 pmol/10(9) cells per min, apparent Km greater than or equal to 170 nM). Qualitatively similar results were found at pH 7.4. Uptake of radiolabeled, rapid-uptake fatty acids was not diminished by the presence of excess, unlabeled, slow-uptake fatty acids. Thus, the specificity of this esterification system resembles that of the arachidonate-specific, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase present in platelets. It may represent the expression in vivo of the synthetase, although the apparent affinity of the synthetase for fatty acid is much less. This esterification system probably represents the physiologic mechanism for platelet arachidonate uptake, whereby arachidonate is collected from plasma, despite the fact that its concentration is considerably lower than that of other plasma fatty acids.
Occult Celiac Disease as a Cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Authors: Zachary M. Kilpatrick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Occult Celiac Disease as a Cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia.Zachary M. Kilpatrick, M.D., Julian Katz, M.D., Martin E. Gordon, M.D., F.A.C.P.Zachary M. Kilpatrick, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Julian Katz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Martin E. Gordon, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1085_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhen celiac disease is mild, intestinal absorptive function may be impaired without gastrointestinal symptoms and without abnormalities of the usual tests of absorption. Thus, celiac disease may be the cause of iron deficiency in patients who do not have clinically apparent malabsorption. We have studied two women with chronic iron deficiency anemia who did not respond to oral iron therapy and who had no abnormal blood loss. They had no gastrointestinal symptoms, and in one patient serum carotene levels andD-xylose excretion were normal. Although the clinical and laboratory evidence for celiac disease was scant, the diagnosis was made by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1085-1085KeywordsBloodCarotenoidsCeliac diseaseClinical laboratoriesExcretionIron deficiencyIron deficiency anemiaResearch laboratoriesXylose Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Rebuttal to the Letter to the Editor written by Rotimi
Authors: Nimer Assy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Re: Soft drink consumption is associated with fatty liver disease independent of metabolic syndromeJournal of HepatologyVol. 52Issue 6PreviewI read with interest the article by A. Abid et al. published in the November 2009 issue of the Journal of Hepatology[1]. I found that the paper was interesting and put forth a well designed study. However, before we can take the findings and conclusions very seriously, I invite the authors to comment on Table 3 on page 922 on which most of the conclusions are made. This table presented the results of their multivariate regression analysis but the figures of the odds ratios (ORs) do not agree with the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for six of the eight co-variates that were reported on (triglyceride, HOMA, CRP, MDA, Ferritin and paraoxonase). Full-Text PDF Open Access To the Editor: We thank Dr. Rotimi for his comments. The odds ratio is a relative measure of risk, telling us how much more likely it is that someone who is exposed to the factor under study (soft drink) will develop the outcome (fatty liver) as compared to someone who is not exposed (controls) [[1]Bland J.M. Altman D.G. The odds ratio.Br Med J. 2000; 320: 1468Crossref PubMed Scopus (1005) Google Scholar]. We agree with Dr. Rotimi that the odds ratio of co-variates used in our model (TG, HOMA, CRP, MDA, Ferritin, Paraoxonase), should lie within the lower and upper limit of the confidence interval. After revising our data in term of multivariate regression analysis with our statistician, we found that the confidence interval for the following parameters should be: (TG 0.4–1.1; HOMA 0.5–1.1; CRP 0.4–0.9; MDA 0.1–3; Ferritin 0.45–1; Paraoxonase 0.35–0.9). The odds ratio of MDA changed to 1.0; after the above corrections, we re-incorporated all co-variates in multivariate logistic regression analysis and found that the odds ratio for soft drinks improved from 2 to 2.5, and the confidence interval became much narrower (1–4). This strengthens our findings and confirms the association between soft drink and fatty liver independent of metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio and p-value of the remaining variables did not change [[2]Abid A. Taha O. Nseir W. Farah R. Grosovski M. Assy N. Soft drink consumption is associated with fatty liver disease independent of metabolic syndrome.J Hepatol. 2009; 51: 918-924Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (210) Google Scholar].
Doctor of Primary Medicine
Authors: Mike Beehner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I take strong exception to the conclusions arrived at by Dr. Proger in his EDITORIAL "Doctor of Primary Medicine (PMD)" (220: 410, 1972). My understanding is that he proposes establishing a complete second echelon of physicians called PMDs who, after five years of post-high school study, will assume the burdens of primary care, presumably emphasizing the aspects of triage and "service." A "physician's assistant" under the supervision of an MD is a legitimate concept and one I heartily support, but to say that a PMD could fulfill the role of the family physician as envisioned by the American Board of Family Practice and the American Medical Association is preposterous to me. In fact, I would like to go one further than Dr. Proger and suggest that the family physician might best be the one we choose to train the best and the longest. I also challenge Dr.
Preventing HIV/AIDS Among Adolescents
Authors: Ralph J. DiClemente
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Although adolescents currently account for less than 1% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in the United States, recent data indicate that the rate of adolescent AIDS cases has increased markedly,<sup>1</sup>especially among African-American adolescents.<sup>2</sup>Moreover, given the long latency period between infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and clinical symptoms, reliance on AIDS case surveillance data severely underestimates the serious health threat to adolescents posed by the AIDS epidemic. More relevant indices, such as HIV seroprevalence in selected adolescent populations<sup>2</sup>and the high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and sexual risk behaviors,<sup>3,4</sup>emphasize the need for the urgent development and implementation of programs that effectively reduce HIV-related risk behaviors, particularly unprotected sexual intercourse. See also p 725. Although sexual abstinence is the most effective method to prevent transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, many adolescents are sexually active, with the age of