tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough
Authors: A Niimi, L T Nguyen, O Usmani, B Mann, K F Chung
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Increased hydrogen and reduced chloride ionic environments of the airways are conducive to the stimulation of cough. However, the constituents of the local milieu of the airways of patients with chronic cough are unknown. <b>Methods:</b> The pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and capsaicin cough threshold (C5) were measured in 50 patients with chronic cough and in 16 healthy controls. pH and chloride measurements were repeated after capsaicin challenge in those with cough. The cause of cough was asthma (n = 13), postnasal drip/rhinitis (n = 7), gastro-oesophageal reflux (n = 5), bronchiectasis (n = 5), but remained unidentified in 20. <b>Results:</b> Compared with controls, patients with chronic cough had lower pH (mean 7.9 <i>v</i> 8.3, 95% CI of difference −0.5 to −0.2, p&lt;0.0001), chloride levels (median 4 <i>v</i> 6 mmol/l, 95% CI −3.1 to −0.2, p = 0.007), and C5 (median 3.9 <i>v</i> 125 μM, 95% CI −270.0 to −17.6, p = 0.002). The pH levels were different in the six subgroups including controls, and were reduced in all diagnostic subgroups of patients with cough compared with controls but did not differ between them. Chloride levels were significantly different in the six subgroups but were lower than controls in only the gastro-oesophageal reflux subgroup. There was a weak but significant correlation between chloride levels and C5 when all participants were analysed together, but not between pH and C5 or chloride levels. pH and chloride levels did not change after capsaicin challenge. <b>Conclusions:</b> The epithelial lining fluid of patients with chronic cough has a reduced pH and reduced chloride levels which could contribute to the enhanced cough reflex.
The Human Placenta in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gernot Desoye, Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleiotropic roles during fetal growth. It separates the maternal and fetal circulation, with which it is in contact through different surfaces, i.e., the syncytiotrophoblast exposes the placenta to the maternal circulation and the endothelium is in contact with fetal blood. Because of this unique position, the placenta is exposed to the regulatory influence of hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and substrates present in both circulations and, hence, may be affected by changes in any of these. In turn, it can produce molecules that will affect mother and fetus independently.

The human placenta expresses virtually all known cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, resistin, and leptin, which are also produced by the adipose cells. The discovery that some of these adipokines are key players in the regulation of insulin action suggests possible novel interactions between the placenta and adipose tissue in understanding pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. The interplay between the two systems becomes more evident in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

In diabetes, the placenta undergoes a variety of structural and functional changes (rev. in 1–3). Their nature and extent depend on a range of variables including the quality of glycemic control achieved during the critical periods in placental development, the modality of treatment, and the time period of severe departures from excellent metabolic control of a nondiabetic environment.

Placental development is characterized by three distinct periods. At the beginning of gestation, a series of critical proliferation and differentiation processes predominantly of the trophoblast eventually lead to the formation of villous and extravillous structures. The latter anchor the placenta in the uterus and remodel the uterine spiral arteries into low resistance vessels. Then the newly formed villi differentiate through various steps of maturation. The end of gestation is associated with placental mass expansion, …
Salvage Lung Resection for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Initially Operable Patients
Authors: Fengshi Chen, Yukinori Matsuo, Akihiko Yoshizawa, Toshihiko Sato, Hiroaki Sakai, Toru Bando, Kenichi Okubo, Keiko Shibuya, Hiroshi Date
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Dissecting Cardiac Hypertrophy and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Siiri E. Iismaa, Robert M. Graham
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

ver the past two decades, the ability to produce genetically engineered animal models has been widely used to unravel complex biological pathways involved in both physiology and disease.Although uniquely powerful and inherently elegant, these models, while often providing surprising new insights, have not uncommonly raised more questions than they have answered.A case in point is a transgenic mouse model developed to probe the in vivo role of the G protein, G h , in cardiac signaling, and its consequences. 1Unlike "traditional" heterotrimeric G proteins, G h is decidedly atypical, being a multifunctional protein with both GTPase and transglutaminase (TGase) activity, and showing no sequence identity with other GTP-binding proteins.Moreover, although similar mouse models developed to study the role of G q (a heterotrimeric G protein that, like G h , mediates ␣ 1 -adrenergic receptor (␣ 1 -AR) signaling, as well as that by other Ca 2ϩ -mobilizing receptors) provided clear evidence for its critical involvement in pressure-overload hypertrophy via a mechanism involving protein kinase C⑀ (PKC⑀) and phospholipase C (PLC) activation, 1,2 that for G h demonstrated a mild form of hypertrophy by a mechanism that remained elusive.Evidence for PKC⑀ and PLC activation was lacking, and it was suggested, largely by default, that the hypertrophy in the cardiac G h animals was due not to its signaling activity but to TGase-mediated protein crosslinking.In this issue of Circulation Research, FitzGerald and coworkers 3 have reexamined this issue using an independently developed model of cardiac-restricted G h overexpression.Interestingly, these studies provide evidence linking two major biological systems, transglutaminases (TGs) and prostanoids, in the cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy observed in this transgenic model, and potentially contributing to these disorders in humans.TGs are a family of Ca 2ϩ -and thiol-dependent enzymes that catalyze the covalent posttranslational modification of proteins, either by formation of an isopeptide bond between the ␥-carboxamide group of glutamine residues and the ⑀-amino group of intrachain lysines or by modification of glutamine residues by polyamines. 4 Isopeptide bond forma-
Thoracoscopy of the Extrapleural Pneumothorax
Authors: R. J. C. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1940)

However dry the walls of an extrapleural pneumothorax may be at the completion of pneumolysis a greater or lesser amount of oozing invariably occurs afterwards.Schmidt (1938) in a Ieview of 200 cases found that a more or less large post-operative haemorrhage had occurred in 10 per cent.In none of these was the bleeding fatal, but in a large proportion the pneumo- thorax space showed subsequently a pronounced tendency to obliterate.All cases of obliterative peripleurisy in this series were treated by oleothorax, and the much greater frequency of obliteration after haemorrhage is evident from the fact that oleothorax was instituted in 75 per cent. of the haemorrhage cases but in only 36 per cent. of the " dry " cases.Roberts (1938) believes that obliteration is less likely to take place if the blood clot is broken up and aspirated.This is done under thoracoscopic control.A similar pro- cedure is mentioned by Overholt and Tubbs (1938).I treated three cases in this way at the King George V Sanatorium, Godalming, and thoracoscoped a fourth case two months after pneLImolysis.As the endoscopic findings seem to throw some light on the mechanism of obliteration they may be worth recording.The intervention differs from an intrapleural thoraco- scopy in several respects.In the first case the thoracoscope was introduced posteriorly through the third intercostal space, but as a considerable amount of coagulum was found in this region the second interspace in the anterior-axillary region was chosen for the later cases and proved more satisfactory.At the beginning of the examination vision is poor and intermittent, as the endo- scope lens and lamp are constantly becoming blurred.The frequency of this accident is considerably reduced if the first step is the aspiration of the sero-sanguineous
Alexithymia: Anxiety and Hostility in Psychosomatic and Psychoneurotic Patients
Authors: M. von Rad, M. Drücke, W. Knauss, F. Lolas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Verbal samples obtained from 40 psychoneurotic and 40 psychosomatic patients, matched with respect to age, sex, intelligence and some social indicators, were examined using different methods of content analysis. According to the concept of 'alexithymia' it was postulated that the restricted fantasy life and difficulty in expressing feelings attributed to psychosomatic patients would be reflected at the speech level (psychoanalytic interviews). The measurement of anxiety and hostility using the Gottschalk-Gleser scales gave the following results: with total anxiety in particular, and its subscales guilt, shame, separation and diffuse anxiety, and with hostility, the psychosomatic patients showed lower values than the neurotic patients, which were in part highly significant. The results confirm the existence of the 'psychosomatic phenomenon' but they do not permit statements concerning its etiology.
Reduced prostacyclin activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: B A McVerry, S J Machin, H Parry, A H Goldstone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

When fresh rabbit aorta is incubated with plasma, prostacyclin, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, is normally released. Plasma obtained from 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) inhibited prostacyclin activity, while plasma from 22 other patients with SLE and 40 normal control subjects showed normal activity. Absence of prostacyclin activity did not appear to correlate with the clinical severity of the underlying disease. The possible association of this finding and the presence of thrombotic lesions in both patients is discussed.
Clinical Features and Functioning of Patients with Minor Depression
Authors: Robert H. Howland, Pamela J. Schettler, Mark Hyman Rapaport, David Mischoulon, Trisha Schneider, Amy Fasiczka, Katia Delrahiem, Rachel Maddux, Michael Lightfoot, Andrew A. Nierenberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The two essential features of minor depression are that it has fewer symptoms than major depression and that it is less chronic than dysthymia. This study describes the clinical features and functioning of outpatients with minor depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Subjects with minor depression (with and without a prior history of major depression) were recruited through clinical referrals and community advertising. Assessments included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-SR) and Clinician Rated (IDS-C) scales, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form scale (MOS), and the Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale (CGI). Data from previously published studies of major depression, minor depression, and normal controls were compared to our data set. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Minor depression is characterized primarily by mood and cognitive symptoms rather than vegetative symptoms; the functional impairment associated with minor depression is as severe as for major depression in several areas; minor depression occurs either independently of major depression or as a stage of illness during the long-term course of major depression, and minor depression patients with and without a history of major depression have similar levels of depressive severity and functional impairment. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; These findings support the notion that minor depression is an important clinical entity that fits within the larger spectrum of depressive disorders.
<i>Mansonella perstans</i>— The Importance of an Endosymbiont
Authors: Achim Hoerauf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The prevalence of filarial infections in the tropics is second only to that of geohelminth (soil-transmitted helminth) infections. Filarial infections in humans include the various forms of lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori), onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus), loiasis (Loa loa), and mansonellosis (Mansonella streptocerca, M. perstans, and M. ozzardi).About 120 million people currently have lymphatic filariasis, and about 1 billion people are considered to be at risk for infection. Lymphatic filariasis remains endemic in 81 countries and is prevalent on all continents except Australia. Approximately 37 million people have . . .
TREATMENT OF DISSEMINATED BREAST CANCER WITH TAMOXIFEN, AMINOGLUTETHIMIDE, HYDROCORTISONE, AND DANAZOL, USED IN COMBINATION OR SEQUENTIALLY
Authors: T.J Powles, H.T Ford, A.G Nash, S Ashley, J.C Gazet, A.M Neville, R.C Coombes
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Recasting Readmissions by Placing the Hospital Role in Community Context
Authors: Douglas McCarthy, Marian Bihrle Johnson, Anne-Marie Audet
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicare to be extended
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The United States president, Bill Clinton, has unveiled a proposal to extend the eligibility to join Medicare to people aged 55 to 65. The plan aims to ensure that ‘near elderly’ people, a largely uninsured and vulnerable population, have access to guaranteed health insurance coverage.

Medicare is the federally administered healthcare plan that provides basic medical coverage to 38 million people in the …
Observations of the site-specific carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride to humans.
Authors: P F Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A review of epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to vinyl chloride (VC) was conducted. Some of these studies comprised small cohorts and thus were insensitive in the evaluation of carcinogenic response for sites that do not demonstrate a high relative risk. Other larger studies used methodology and design that precluded an interpretation of the results. Such limitations were acknowledged by some authors. Use of restrictive disease rubrics also lead to the submerging of sites that would have demonstrated significant excesses. For example, some investigators analyzed data for liver cancer deaths with the board category of digestive system cancer deaths, while others combined data for CNS cancer deaths with the broad category of "other and unspecified cancer," and most studies analyzed information for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer deaths with all data combined. Only four of eight studies reviewed could demonstrate a significant excess of liver cancer among VC-exposed workers--a site confirmed in humans by 1974. In contrast, five of eight studies appear to demonstrate a significant excess of CNS cancer mortality. Workers exposed to VC also demonstrate a significant excess of mortality for lung cancer, while the data for lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer are suggestive. Interpretation of cancer of the latter systems may have been clarified if investigators had not analyzed their data by broad disease classifications.
The Hazard of Delayed Quinidine Effect
Authors: Ralph Slonim
Journal: JAMA (1961)

QUINIDINE has long been used in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. A classical conception of the pharmacology of this drug may be stated as follows: "In human subjects, the maximal effect is reached in two to four hours with oral and intramuscular administration.... The concentration of quinidine in the heart muscle is highest about two hours after the last dose... most of the effect wears off in four hours."<sup>1</sup>Therefore, in attempting to convert atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm with quinidine, the usual procedure is to give oral doses at 2-hour intervals to provide a constantly rising blood level of the drug throughout the time of attempted conversion. A recent experience in a patient with atrial flutter illustrates a variation from the usual pattern of quinidine metabolism, and its clinical importance as a source of danger to the patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient,
Treatment of the Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis Refractory to Standard Therapy
Authors: Ronald L. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> AT THE age of 23 years, following a pregnancy, a woman developed severe fatigue, morning stiffness, and marked swelling and tenderness of multiple peripheral joints. On presentation to her physician, she was found to have serum rheumatoid factor in a high titer, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and an elevated level of C-reactive protein. Roentgenographic studies revealed diffuse periarticular demineralization without bony erosions. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made. During the next three years, the woman, in addition to undergoing physical therapy, was treated without significant or sustained improvement with several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, gold salts, and penicillamine. In addition, treatment with low-dose prednisone was begun at a dosage of 5 to 10 mg orally per day. Moreover, she received many intra-articular injections of corticosteroids in many of her most troublesome joints to provide transient disease suppression in those joints. Progressive disease and disability were
Sackings and strikes paralyse Nicaraguan health care
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effect of intensive rehabilitation on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), a measure of activities limitation commonly used in acute stroke studies, and to define the specific changes in body structure/function (motor impairment) most related to mRS gains. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were enrolled &gt;90 days poststroke. Each was evaluated before and 30 days after a 6-week course of daily rehabilitation targeting the arm. Activity gains, measured using the mRS, were examined and compared to body structure/function gains, measured using the Fugl-Meyer (FM) motor scale. Additional analyses examined whether activity gains were more strongly related to specific body structure/function gains. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline (160 ± 48 days poststroke), patients (n = 77) had median mRS score of 3 (interquartile range, 2–3), decreasing to 2 [2–3] 30 days posttherapy (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, the proportion of patients with mRS score ≤2 increased from 46.8% at baseline to 66.2% at 30 days posttherapy (<i>p</i> = 0.015). These findings were accounted for by the mRS score decreasing in 24 (31.2%) patients. Patients with a treatment-related mRS score improvement, compared to those without, had similar overall motor gains (change in total FM score, <i>p</i> = 0.63). In exploratory analysis, improvement in several specific motor impairments, such as finger flexion and wrist circumduction, was significantly associated with higher likelihood of mRS decrease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Intensive arm motor therapy is associated with improved mRS in a substantial fraction (31.2%) of patients. Exploratory analysis suggests specific motor impairments that might underlie this finding and may be optimal targets for rehabilitation therapies that aim to reduce activities limitations. <h3>Clinical Trial</h3> Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02360488. <h3>Classification of Evidence</h3> This study provides Class III evidence that for patients &gt;90 days poststroke with persistent arm motor deficits, intensive arm motor therapy improved mRS in a substantial fraction (31.2%) of patients.
Hypertrichosis of the Lanugo Hair in Malnutrition
Authors: A. Castellani
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL IOURNALhe states that I have attempted " to divorce it (the thalamic dysfunction syndrome) . . .from environmental factors "; whereas in my paper I stated clearly that " the thalamic dysfunction state may be regarded as a response of the organism to stresses of various kinds " (i.e., environmental stress, conflicts, toxins, and so on).With regard to his remarks about the morphine and cocaine addiction syndromes, if Dr. Kirman were to go to the trouble of consulting any of the standard psychiatric textbooks dealing with the subject, he would find it stated that alkaloid addiction differs in a number of important respects from alcoholism.This last-named toxin, incidentally, is a cortical depressant rather than a true euphoriant of the type described in my article, in addition to being chemically and pharmacologically unrelated to the agents under consideration.Finally, while admitting "the limited value of present methods" (i.e., of psychiatric treatment), he is apparently unable to suggest any alternative or more effective form of treatment than that suggested in my article.In other words, his criticism is the purely destructive kind which questions everything but decides nothing, containing not one single constructive contribution to the problem under discussion.I should, of course, welcome any constructive suggestions or comments on the new concept of affective dis- orders put forward in my paper and the pharmacotherapy of these conditions.
C-Type Lectin-like Receptor LOX-1 Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Class-Switched B Cell Responses
Authors: HyeMee Joo, Dapeng Li, Melissa Dullaers, Tae-Whan Kim, Dorothee Duluc, Katherine Upchurch, Yaming Xue, Sandy Zurawski, Roger Le Grand, Yong-Jun Liu, Marcelo Kuroda, Gerard Zurawski, SangKon Oh
Journal: Immunity (2014)