tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sleep-related respiratory disturbances in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: F Barbe, MA Quera-Salva, C McCann, P Gajdos, JC Raphael, J de Lattre, AG Agusti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Sleep-related respiratory disturbances (SRD) in patients with muscle diseases may have significant clinical implications, because the patients frequently die at night. The aims of the study were to :1) assess the presence and severity of sleep-related respiratory disturbances in patients with Duchenne muscular distrophy (DMD); and 2) investigate the relationship of sleep-related respiratory disturbances to daytime symptoms and pulmonary function. We studied six clinically stable patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mean age (+/- SD) 18 +/- 2 yrs. Vital capacity was 27 +/- 19% of predicted and daytime arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was 10.9 +/- 1 kPa (range 8.9-12.4 kPa). The presence of daytime somnolence, insomnia, headache, nightmares and/or snoring was recorded. Four patients (67%) showed symptoms that suggest sleep-related respiratory disturbances. At night, the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was 11 +/- 6. The patients with more symptoms during the daytime had the highest AHI scores. Most of the apnoeas (85%) were central, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Sleep architecture was well-preserved. Arterial desaturation (&gt; 5% below baseline) occurred during 25 +/- 23% of total time. AHI correlated with daytime PaO2, and AHI in REM sleep correlated with age. A stepwise multivariate analysis showed that PaO2 and, to some extent, the degree of airflow obstruction were significantly correlated with AHI. We conclude that sleep-related respiratory disturbance are frequently present in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Therefore, physicians should look for symptoms related to sleep-related respiratory disturbances in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EphA2 Expression Is Associated with Aggressive Features in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Premal H. Thaker, Michael Deavers, Joseph Celestino, Angela Thornton, Mavis S. Fletcher, Charles N. Landen, Michael S. Kinch, Peter A. Kiener, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: EphA2 (epithelial cell kinase) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in oncogenesis. There are no published data regarding the role of EphA2 in ovarian carcinoma, which is the focus of the present study. Experimental Design: Nontransformed (HIO-180) and ovarian cancer (EG, 222, SKOV3, and A2780-PAR) cell lines were evaluated for EphA2 by Western blot analysis. Five benign ovarian masses, 10 ovarian tumors of low malignant potential, and 79 invasive ovarian carcinomas were also evaluated for EphA2 expression by immunohistochemistry. All samples were scored in a blinded fashion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant associations between EphA2 expression and clinicopathological variables. Results: By Western blot analysis, EG, 222, and SKOV3 cell lines overexpressed EphA2, whereas A2780-PAR and HIO-180 had low to absent EphA2 expression. All of the benign tumors had low or absent EphA2 expression. Among the invasive ovarian carcinomas examined (mean age of patients was 59.2 years), 60 (75.9%) tumors overexpressed EphA2 and the other 19 tumors had negative or minimal EphA2 expression. There was no association of EphA2 overexpression with ascites, likelihood of nodal positivity, pathological subtype, and optimum surgical cytoreduction (residual tumor &amp;lt;1 cm). However, EphA2 overexpression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade (P = 0.02) and advanced stage of disease (P = 0.001). The median survival for patients with tumor EphA2 overexpression was significantly shorter (median, 3.1 years; P = 0.004); the median survival for patients with low or absent EphA2 tumor expression was at least 12 years and has not yet been reached. In multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, only volume of residual disease (P &amp;lt; 0.04) and EphA2 overexpression (P &amp;lt; 0.01) were significant and independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: EphA2 overexpression is predictive of aggressive ovarian cancer behavior and may be an important therapeutic target.
Therapeutic Considerations: Symptoms, Cells and Mediators
Authors: Susan Lightman
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Summary Immuno‐histopathological studies of conjunctival tissue biopsied from patients with non‐sight‐threatening allergic conjunctivitis or with sight‐threatening allergic keratoconjunctivitis should lead to more effective management of these eye conditions, based on the specific cellular involvement. The major difference between these two categories of eye disease was the occurrence of T‐lymphocytes, which were absent in the former but prominent in the sight‐threatening disorders. Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis both showed a heavy mast cell increase, due to infiltration of mucosal type mast cells, and allergen challenge studies linked mast cell histamine release to the early phase reaction occurring within 20 minutes. A second histamine peak at six hours after challenge might implicate basophils (or refractory mast cells) and was accompanied by a rise in eosinophil cationic protein. In sight‐threatening, chronic allergic keratoconjunctivitis the responses were clearly directed by T‐cells, themselves the primary effector cell in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, whereas vernal keratoconjunctivitis displayed a T‐cell driven eosinophilia, with increased expression of the adhesion molecules involved in tissue invasion by these cells. Appropriate therapies for each different category of conjunctivitis should be based on the specific immunopathology, and directed at the activated cell types that are primarily responsible for the disease process.
Repeated allergen exposure changes collagen composition in airways of sensitised Brown Norway rats
Authors: E. Palmans, R.A. Pauwels, J.C. Kips
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Increased or altered collagen deposition in the airway wall is one of the characteristics of airway remodelling in asthma. The mechanisms underlying this increase, and its functional consequences remain to be established further. Representative in vivo animal models might be useful in this respect. In the present study, collagen deposition after prolonged allergen exposure was characterised in the airway wall of Brown Norway rats. Sensitised rats were repeatedly exposed to ovalbumin (OA) or phosphate-buffered saline during 2 and 12 weeks. The deposition of collagen type I, III, IV, V and VI was not altered in animals exposed to OA for 2 weeks. After 12 weeks of OA exposure, more collagen type I was deposited in the inner and outer airway wall and more type V and VI collagen was observed in the outer airway wall. At 12 weeks the number of vessels, identified via type IV collagen staining was not increased, but the total vessel area was. In conclusion, prolonged allergen exposure in sensitised rats is associated with enhanced deposition of type I, V and VI collagens and increased vascularity. This suggests that some aspects of airway remodelling in asthma could be driven by long-term allergen exposure.
THE EVALUATION OF A PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION
Authors: OSKAR DIETHELM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

A psychiatric examination consists of a group of experiments. The specific findings elicited must be evaluated in relation to all the other psychological, psychopathological, and physical findings, with attention to the life history and to environmental influences. The examination is adaptable by the skillful physician but only if it is given in completeness. Experimental psychopathological studies have contributed considerably to a better use of psychiatric examinations. These studies have been especially important in the determination and understanding of emotions. Tests which we used in the current examination procedures have proved to be statistically reliable tools for examination of attention, concentration, memory, and thinking. The refined evaluation of the findings of a psychiatric examination make the current procedure valuable in the study of all psychiatric conditions, including psychosomatic reactions.
Pathologic Correlates of Aortic Plaques, Thrombi and Mobile “Aortic Debris” Imaged In Vivo With Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Periyanan Vaduganathan, April Ewton, Sherif F Nagueh, Donald G Weilbaecher, Hazim J Safi, William A Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Supraclavicular Adenopathy, Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: David A. Van Echo, Edward A. Sickles, Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 April 1973Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Supraclavicular Adenopathy, Hodgkin's DiseaseDAVID A. VAN ECHO, M.D., EDWARD A. SICKLES, M.D., PETER H. WIERNIK, M.D.DAVID A. VAN ECHO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD A. SICKLES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PETER H. WIERNIK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-4-608 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The thoracic outlet syndrome is characterized by symptoms of compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery and vein, usually between the clavicle and first rib. Reported causes have been bony outgrowth (congenital and acquired), trauma, scalenus anticus muscle compression, and postural abnormalities (1-4). We now report the first case of thoracic outlet syndrome secondary to massive supraclavicular lymph node enlargement in Hodgkin's disease.A 17-year-old man was hospitalized for evaluation of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, diagnosed by left supraclavicular node biopsy 1 month previously. He was asymptomatic. The previously biopsied mass measured 5 X 7 cm....References1. WINSORBROW TR: Costoclavicular syndrome. JAMA 196:109-111, 1966 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. ROOSOWENS DJ: Thoracic outlet syndrome. Arch Surg 93:71-74, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SIEGELSTEICHEN RF: Cervicothoracic outlet syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg 49:1187-1192, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NELSONDAVIS RR: Thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg 8:437-451, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LORDROSATI JL: Thoracic-outlet syndromes. Clin Symp 23:2-32, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID A. VAN ECHO, M.D.; EDWARD A. SICKLES, M.D.; PETER H. WIERNIK, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVenous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Combined with Brachial Neuritis Caused by Lymphadenopathy after Vaccination for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case ReportNeoplastic plexopathiesNeoplastic PlexopathiesNeoplastic PlexopathiesA case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma infiltrating the brachial plexus detected by Ga-67 scintigraphyPrimary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of brachial plexusBrachial plexus infiltration by non-Hodgkin's lymphomaInferior pancreatico-duodenal artery aneurysm presenting in a young woman 1 April 1973Volume 78, Issue 4Page: 608-609KeywordsArteriesBiopsyHodgkin lymphomaLymph nodesMusclesRibsVeins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Helping families with a mentally handicapped member
Authors: T L Pilkington
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Management of suspected cardiac infarction by British immediate care doctors SIR,-In the interesting study by Dr D C Rawlins of the management of suspected cardiac infarction by British immediate care doctors (23 May, p 1677) it is stated that some of the 23 lives lost might have been saved if every practitioner had had his own portable defibrillator; and, of course, this may well be true.We have, however, trained deputies in Sheffield and provided them with portable defibrillators and, although on several occasions electrocardiographic tracings were used to confirm the diagnosis, over two years defibrillation was never found relevant and never tried, and no lives were saved.The project was dismantled as cost ineffective.If this type of resuscitation is going to be used by the practitioner only about once in every seven years, we had much better pin our faith on preventive care.The difficulties in maintaining apparatus, enthusiasm, and skill are too daunting to merit support.
ASSESSMENT OF PERSISTENCE OF REGIONAL FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITY IN DIASTOLE AND SYSTOLE AFTER RECOVERY FROM MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA BY VELOCITY VECTOR IMAGING
Authors: Jian-Ping Bin, Dong-dong Chen, Jue-fei Wu, Yu-lin Liao, Bi-ying Zhou, Wan-ling Xuan, Kai Cui, De-zhong Zheng, Yun-bin Xiao, Ping-sheng Wu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
De subitaneis mortibus. XXIX. Randomly distributed focal myocardial lesions causing destruction in the His bundle or a narrow-origin left bundle branch.
Authors: T N James, R C Schlant, T K Marshall
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Most focally destructive lesions of the heart (e.g., myocarditis) have an essentially random distribution. Any mechanical significance of such diseases depends primarily on there being a very large number of foci. However, single even very small lesions can have profound electrophysiological significance if appropriately located within the cardiac conduction system. Two cases of sudden unexpected death are here reported which had destructive lesions involving the His bundle and a narrow-origin left bundle branch. Not much is known of the electrical or mechanical effects of acute left branch block which is due to complete anatomical transection of that structure in the human heart, and some possible consequences (including sudden unexpected death) are considered. Myocarditis or any other focally destructive disease in the heart may be of little functional importance if it is not widespread, unless some of the lesions happen to damage any of several small but crucially important sites in the cardiac conduction system. Studies to determine the presence or absence of this precise type of damage should be done especially in cases of sudden unexpected death.
Insulin Resistance After Renal Transplantation
Authors: Jøran Hjelmesæth, Karsten Midtvedt, Trond Jenssen, Anders Hartmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of the present study was to validate various surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity (IS) in a renal transplant population and to assess the influence of immunosuppressive and antihypertensive therapy on insulin resistance (IR) after renal transplantation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 167 consecutive renal transplant recipients without previously known diabetes underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 3 months after renal transplantation. A total of 43 patients also underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp study. Six OGTT-derived IS indexes were validated against the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp–derived IS index (ISICLAMP). RESULTS—The OGTT-derived ISITX correlated closely with the ISICLAMP (r = 0.58, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The other surrogate estimates of IS were also significantly but less well correlated with the ISICLAMP (Spearman’s correlation; r = −0.45 to 0.41, P = 0.003–0.050). In the univariate model, BMI, daily prednisolone dose, creatinine clearance, hypertension, number of antihypertensive agents, and use of diuretics or β-blockers were negatively associated with ISITX (P &amp;lt; 0.05). After multiple regression analysis, BMI (P &amp;lt; 0.001), daily prednisolone dose (P &amp;lt; 0.001), cytomegalovirus infection (P = 0.030), and triglycerides (P = 0.034) were shown to be independent predictors of posttransplant IR. CONCLUSIONS—The OGTT-derived ISITX may be a useful estimate of IS in Caucasian renal transplant recipients. Increasing daily prednisolone dose is an independent predictor of IR after renal transplantation. Hypertension and the use of β-blockers and diuretics may also deteriorate IR in this group of patients.
A prospective randomised trial of a “test and treat” policy versus endoscopy based management in young<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> positive patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia, referred to a hospital clinic
Authors: A Heaney, J S A Collins, R G P Watson, R J McFarland, K B Bamford, T C K Tham
Journal: Gut (1999)

Management of dyspepsia remains a controversial area. Although the European Helicobacter pylori study group has advised empirical eradication therapy without oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) in young H pylori positive dyspeptic patients who do not exhibit alarm symptoms, this strategy has not been subjected to clinical trial.To compare a "test and treat" eradication policy against management by OGD.Consecutive subjects were prospectively recruited from open access OGD and outpatient referrals.H pylori status was assessed using the carbon-13 urea breath test. H pylori positive patients were randomised to either empirical eradication or OGD. Symptoms and quality of life scores were assessed at baseline and subsequent reviews over a 12 month period.A total of 104 H pylori positive patients aged under 45 years were recruited. Fifty two were randomised to receive empirical eradication therapy and 52 to OGD. Results were analysed using an intention to treat policy. Dyspepsia scores significantly improved in both groups over 12 months compared with baseline; however, dyspepsia scores were significantly better in the empirical eradication group. Quality of life showed significant improvements in both groups at 12 months; however, physical role functioning was significantly improved in the empirical eradication group. Fourteen (27%) in the empirical eradication group subsequently proceeded to OGD because of no improvement in dyspepsia.This randomised study strongly supports the use of empirical H pylori eradication in patients referred to secondary practice; it is estimated that 73% of OGDs in this group would have been avoided with no detriment to clinical outcome.
Renal Uptake of 99m Tc-Sulfur Colloid
Authors: D. R. SHOOK, R. B. SHAFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A patient is described who demonstrated renal visualization of sulfur colloid during acute congestive heart failure and after several months of convalescence. In the cases previously reported, all patients had the common finding of chronic congestive failure. It is proposed that the effect of congestive heart failure is to alter the renal vascular physiology by initiating a strong, potentially chronic, phagocytic function in the kidney. Future observations on the relationship between kidney and reticuloendothelial system activity may explain the renal uptake of sulfur colloid in the liver-spleen scan.
Prominent ears: a European perspective
Authors: J Hamish, E Laing
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Otoplasty is popular in the United Kingdom to relieve the teasing that prominent ears provoke. “Bat ears,” “wing nut,” and “Dumbo” are common in the English vernacular. In China, physiognomists consider that prominent ears indicate the need “to draw on inner reserves of strength and ability,”1 and Hindus find them desirable because of …
Gene modifiers in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Frank J. Accurso, Marci K. Sontag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Studies of modifier genes in cystic fibrosis (CF) have often been performed in small or narrowly defined populations, leading to conflicting results. In this issue of the JCI, Dorfman et al. demonstrate in a large, population-based study that two previously studied modifier genes, coding for mannose-binding lectin 2 and TGF-β1, influence pulmonary outcome in pediatric CF patients (see the related article beginning on page 1040). They further show gene-gene interaction between the two, underscoring the complexity of CF lung disease. Their findings provide further impetus to study these molecules and associated signaling pathways in CF. In addition, these findings argue strongly for collecting genotypes of known modifiers prospectively in CF clinical trials as well as in longitudinal studies of infants identified through newborn screening, where the full impact of such modifiers can be defined more precisely.
Increased expression of endothelial lipase in rat models of hypertension
Authors: Y SHIMOKAWA, K HIRATA, T ISHIDA, Y KOJIMA, N INOUE, T QUERTERMOUS, M YOKOYAMA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

To gain a better understanding of the involvement of endothelial lipase (EL) in vascular disease, we examined whether the EL expression is regulated in animal models of hypertension.The rat cDNA homologue of EL was identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were stimulated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and EL mRNA expression was analyzed by Northern blotting. EL mRNA levels in tissues from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) and Ang II-induced hypertensive rats were evaluated using RNase protection assays.Rat EL cDNA encoded a protein containing 493 amino acid residues including a signal peptide, and shares 91.9% and 80.9% sequence homology with murine and human EL, respectively. Northern blotting revealed that EL was expressed in a wide range of rat tissues. In cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells, Ang II and PMA increased EL mRNA levels by 2.9- and 3.3-fold, respectively. In Ang II-induced hypertensive rats, EL expression was upregulated in the aorta, heart, and lung. In SHR-SP, EL expression was upregulated in the aorta and heart.EL expression is increased in rat models of hypertension. Thus, EL might have a role in the local pathophysiology of vascular diseases.
Hospital personnel who handle anticancer drugs may face risks
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Although many antineoplastic drugs also are documented carcinogens, their therapeutic benefits usually far outweigh the potential risks to patients with cancer. But a recent study demonstrates that an unjustified hazard exists for another population exposed to chemotherapeutic agents—the hospital personnel who prepare them.  Jeffrey C. Theiss, PhD, of the University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston, presented the results of the study at an international colloquium on cancer sponsored by the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston. Theiss and his colleagues examined urine samples of nine M. D. Anderson pharmacists for their mutagenic potential in the Ames test, which assesses the ability of a substance to induce revertants (mutants) in bacteria.  Abnormal results in the Ames test are often taken as an indication of the substance's carcinogenicity, but the validity of the test is still controversial. Although a high degree of correlation exists between the
Alcohol and Death Certificates
Authors: John R. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  Although the accuracy of death certificates has been questioned, 1-3 they continue to be the primary source of mortality statistics. Death certificates may seriously underestimate the prevalence of certain diseases. 4 This may be especially true for alcoholism. 1-5   In an ongoing study of alcoholism, mortality was confirmed in 246 of 1,289 (19%) known alcoholics five to eight years after treatment of alcoholism or its complications. Autopsies were performed on 102 patients (43.6%). Two raters compared the death certificates and the available autopsies of 50 of these patients to determine the validity of death certificate information, with special regard to alcohol-related diseases or conditions.  Using the autopsy as the standard for determining the cause of death, both raters agreed that only 60% of the death certificates gave an accurate general epidemiological description of the patient's death. In the 40% of certificates, where discrepancies occurred between the two