tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF DIGITALIS OTHER THAN IN THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DECOMPENSATION
Authors: HENRY A. CHRISTIAN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

We of the present generation of physicians are all too apt to discount the medical wisdom of our predecessors instead of realizing that they were keenly wise clinicians who, even though they possessed far fewer instruments of precision and laboratory tests then have we, were critical observers of patients and knew in what we like to call an empirical way much that we have been unable to improve on. One of the difficult tasks of modern medicine has been to find a scientific reason for the action of many therapeutic procedures developed by our medical forebears. The use of cod liver oil is an excellent example of this. Many generations of clinicians prescribed cod liver oil because they witnessed its efficacy, and they found out what conditions it benefited most strikingly. Many were the theories advanced in explanation of its effectiveness, some of them weirdly complex. Only recently has knowledge
CD‐sens and clinical changes during withdrawal of Xolair after 6 years of treatment
Authors: A. Nopp, S. G. O. Johansson, J. Ankerst, M. Palmqvist, H. Öman
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Many clinical trials with omalizumab, Xolair, have been reported but the treatment period has always been short, i.e. &lt;12 months. After withdrawal, the clinical symptoms tend to return. A group of patients who stopped treatment after approx. 6 years allowed studies of the long‐term effects of Xolair. Methods: The patient’s cat or mite allergen sensitivity was quantitated as basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD‐sens, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE‐ and IgG4‐antibodies were determined before start and during treatment withdrawal. Asthma severity was evaluated from forced expiratory volume (FEV), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and a questionnaire. Results: At 6–14 months without Xolair 13 of the 18 cat and mite allergic asthmatics had either improved or remained the same as on treatment. Most of the patients were in a stable clinical condition reporting high quality of life, no increased nightly asthma attacks, no emergency visits as well as little or no increase in medication. The CD‐sens to cat showed a peak 4 months after withdrawal but then decreased to levels below those of untreated patients with allergic asthma and at 12 months six of 14 had nonreactive basophils. Cat IgG4 antibody levels were higher than in cat allergics in general. Conclusion: Most of the patients 12–14 months had, after closing of 6‐year Xolair treatment, a surprisingly mild asthma. Interestingly, and probably contributing to the clinical results, a downregulation of basophil, and presumably also mast cell, reactivity, was seen.
Potassium Bromate Poisoning
Authors: W. A. Parker, J. R. Barr
Journal: BMJ (1951)

BRrrM 1363 in 1890 claimed that he had isolated an aerobic actino- mycete from cases of the disease in cattle ; later workers showed that he almost certainly was dealing with a non- pathogenic organism.Infections due to aerobic actino- mycetes are known, but in most cases of actinomycpsis the micro-aerophilic or anaerobic A. israeli can be isolated.This latter organism has never been found free in nature.In addition to its isolation from lesions of the disease it has been obtained by numerous workers from the mouths, carious teeth, gums, and crypts of the tonsils of healthy individuals (Lord, 1933; Emmons, 1936; Slack, 1942).The oral cavity is considered to be the normal h'abitat of this organism.When certain abnormal conditions arise in the mouth A. israeli is thought to alter its hiabit'from a saprophytic to a para- sitic state and invade the tissues, giving rise to' actinomycosis.It would appear that trauma-for example, the extraction of a tooth-is one factor in precipitating this infection.That there must be others is apparent.The fact that pieces of grain or grass were often found in actinomycotic lesions was thought to support the theory of Bostroem that the causal organism was aerobic and came from the soil.It is now believed that such foreign bodies act only in their traumatic capacity and allow the A. israeli, already in the mouth, to gain access to the tissues.According to the series of cases presented here there is no doubt that agricultural workers are more often affected than others by actinomycosis.Previous sur- veys amply support this finding.There is no obvious explanation for this, but an occupational hazard is indicated.The city dweller is not immune from the disease, and it may well be that during a visit to the country or while working in his garden he is exposed to some factor which predisposes to this infection. SummaryIn a restricted area in the north-east, of Scotland there occdrred '98 cases of actinomycosis in the 13 years from 1936 to 1948.All these cases were confirmed by laboratory examination.The results suggest that the incidence of actinomycosis is relatively high in this area.The 98 cases are analysed with particular reference to the age groups affected, sex difference, anatomical distribution, and occupation.The findings are in agreement with previ- ous investigations.The fact that agricultural workers appear to be specially liable to this disease is 'stressed.Eight deaths occurred in this series, but there was no d'ath where the infection was limited to the cervico-facial region.I wish to thank Professor John Cruickshank for his encourage- ment, and the records
Tachycardia of atrial myocytes induces collagen expression in atrial fibroblasts through transforming growth factor 1
Authors: C.-T. Tsai, C.-D. Tseng, J.-J. Hwang, C.-K. Wu, C.-C. Yu, Y.-C. Wang, W.-P. Chen, L.-P. Lai, F.-T. Chiang, J.-L. Lin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

We investigated the molecular mechanism of rapid-depolarization-induced atrial fibrosis.We used a direct atrial myocyte-fibroblast contact co-culture and a fibroblast-specific transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and procollagen type I α-1 (COL1A1) luciferase reporter system to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of rapid-depolarization-induced atrial fibrosis. Mouse atrial fibroblasts were first transfected with promoter-luciferase reporters, and then co-cultured with HL-1 atrial myocytes. Rapid depolarization of atrial myocytes by rapid electrical field stimulation induced increased TGF-β1, CTGF and COL1A1 promoter activities in the co-cultured atrial fibroblasts (2.4 ± 0.3-fold increase, P= 0.008 for TGF-β1; 2.9 ± 0.4-fold increase, P< 0.001 for CTGF; and 2.1 ± 0.2-fold increase, P= 0.008 for COL1A1). Rapid depolarization of atrial myocytes increased paracrine secretion of angiotensin II (Ang II) and reactive oxygen species in the co-culture medium. Rapid electrical field stimulation-induced ROS generation in atrial myocytes was attenuated by the membrane NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin. Atrial myocyte-induced expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and COL1A1 in atrial fibroblasts was attenuated by co-treatment with the Ang II receptor blocker, losartan, and apocynin. Atrial myocyte-induced COL1A1 expression in atrial fibroblasts was attenuated by anti-TGF-β1 antibody and RNA interference knockdown of the TGF-β1 receptor.We first demonstrated that tachycardia of atrial myocytes induced paracrine secretion of Ang II and reactive oxygen species, which in turn induced expression of CTGF and procollagen in co-cultured atrial fibroblasts through increasing TGF-β1 expression. The results may imply that use of an Ang II receptor blocker, in combination with an anti-oxidant, blocks rapid-depolarization-induced atrial fibrosis.
Parsing Good Versus Bad Signaling Pathways in the Heart
Authors: Jeffery D. Molkentin
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Nine years ago, we published an article that suggested a specialized role for calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in regulating pathological cardiac hypertrophy preferentially over physiological growth and, in fact, the later response was associated with reduced calcineurin-NFAT activity. Since this time we and others have continued to uncover how this signaling effector pathway functions in the heart in regulating specific aspects of the growth response during disease and with exercise.
Breast Carcinoma: Current Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

For 20 years annually, the American College of Radiology has conducted a national multidisciplinary conference on the early detection of breast cancer. The text reviewed is a compilation of papers presented at the 1981 and 1982 conferences. These past conferences focused rather narrowly on techniques of mammography but in recent years have become more broadly based, so that the present volume covers both the wide range of imaging and various treatments involved in the management of breast cancer. Diagnosis of early disease remains the focus and, I suppose, properly so, in a volume compiled by and written primarily for radiologists. Indeed, detection encompasses at least two thirds of the 631 pages in this volume. Although interesting and well written, I found these sections probably too detailed for the general reader and too shallow for the radiologist seeking to learn imaging patterns. The illustrations, however, are excellent, with particularly good reproductions
Programmed ventricular stimulation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular tachycardia: Effects of acute hemodynamic improvement due to nitroprusside
Authors: Mark D. Carlson, Mark H. Schoenfeld, Hasan Garan, Christopher Y. Choong, Ravin Davidoff, Arthur E. Weyman, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Michael A. Fifer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Another Shot to Protect People With Diabetes: Add Hepatitis B Vaccination to the Checklist
Authors: M. Sue Kirkman, William Schaffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

The average outpatient visit for an adult patient with diabetes involves numerous interventions and discussions: management of multiple medications; assessment of control of glycemia, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia; counseling regarding diet and exercise; screening for diabetes complications; and often assessment and management of other acute and chronic concerns. Now clinicians have another intervention for many of their adult patients with diabetes: the vaccination series for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Late last year, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that all previously unvaccinated adults with diabetes aged 19–60 years be vaccinated against HBV as soon as possible after a diagnosis of diabetes is made, and that vaccination be considered for those aged 60 and over, after assessing risk and likelihood of an adequate immune response (1).

HBV causes acute liver infection associated with substantial morbidity and occasionally mortality. Approximately 1 in 20 acute infections progresses to chronic infection that can lead to cirrhosis or liver …
Membrane‐tethered proteins for basic research, imaging, and therapy
Authors: Tian‐Lu Cheng, Steve Roffler
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract Secreted and intracellular proteins including antibodies, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex molecules, antigens, and enzymes can be redirected to and anchored on the surface of mammalian cells to reveal novel functions and properties such as reducing systemic toxicity, altering the in vivo distribution of drugs and extending the range of useful drugs, creating novel, specific signaling receptors and reshaping protein immunogenicity. The present review highlights progress in designing vectors to target and retain chimeric proteins on the surface of mammalian cells. Comparison of chimeric proteins indicates that selection of the proper cytoplasmic domain and introduction of oligiosaccharides near the cell surface can dramatically enhance surface expression, especially for single‐chain antibodies. We also describe progress and limitations of employing surface‐tethered proteins for preferential activation of prodrugs at cancer cells, imaging gene expression in living animals, performing high‐throughput screening, selectively activating immune cells in tumors, producing new adhesion molecules, creating local immune privileged sites, limiting the distribution of soluble factors such as cytokines, and enhancing polypeptide immunogenicity. Surface‐anchored chimeric proteins represent a rich source for developing new techniques and creating novel therapeutics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 6, 885–928, 2008
Responsiveness to glucagon in fetal hearts. Species variability and apparent disparities between changes in beating, adenylate cyclase activation, and cyclic AMP concentration.
Authors: K Wildenthal, D O Allen, J Karlsson, J R Wakeland, C M Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Previous studies of the ability of the immature heart to respond to glucagon have yielded conflicting results. To test the possibility that the apparent discrepancies might be explained in part by species variability, isolated hearts of fetal mice and rats (13-22 days' gestational age) were studied under identical conditions in vitro. Changes in atrial rate and ventricular contractility were measured in spontaneously beating hearts exposed to glucagon, and activation of adenylate cyclase was assayed in cardiac homogenates. In mice of 16 days' gestational age or less, there was no change in heart rate in response to glucagon; at 17-18 days, minimal responsiveness was present; and after 19 days, 10muM glucagon caused an increase in spontaneous atrial rate of 30 +/- 4% (SEM) (P less than 0.001). Measurement of the extent and speed of volume displacement of the isotonically contracting hearts with a specially constructed capacitance transducer revealed that ventricular inotropic responsiveness also appeared after 17-19 days. Cardiac stores of glycogen were reduced in older hearts exposed to glucagon, but not in those aged less than 16 days. In contrast, glucagon failed to activate adenylate cyclase in homogenates of hearts of fetal mice at any age. Furthermore, glucagon failed to elicit an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP in spontaneously beating hearts that developed tachycardia. Responses in hearts of fetal rats were distinctly different from those in mouse hearts: at no age was there any change in heart rate, strength of contraction, glycogen content, or adenylate cyclase activation. Thus, there are major species differences in cardiac pharmacological maturation. Although the mouse heart develops the ability to increase its rate and strength of contraction and to undergo glycogenolysis in response to glucagon well before birth, the rat heart does not. In addition, there is an apparent disparity in late fetal mouse hearts between the ability of glucagon to induce functional responses and its ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase and increase cyclic AMP levels. It is impossible, of course, to rule out absolutely the possibility that localized increases in a critical cyclic AMP pool were present but too small to measure in the entire tissue. Nevertheless, the most obvious interpretation of our results is that they are compatible with the hypothesis that glucagon may exert some of its hemodynamic effects independently from the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in the late-fetal mouse heart.
CHANGES IN TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND OTHER CARDIAC RISK FACTORS DURING WATER-ONLY FASTING: TERTIARY OUTCOMES OF THE FEELGOOD TRIAL
Authors: Benjamin Davies Horne, Donald L. Lappé, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Abdallah G. Kfoury, John F. Carlquist, Heidi T. May, Oxana Galenko, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Segmental Renal Infarction in a Transplanted Kidney: Identification by 131I-Hippuran and 99m TcO4-Scintigraphy
Authors: TIMOTHY D. KENNEDY, RALPH G. ROBINSON, KYO RAK LEE, DAVID F. PRESTON, NORMAN L. MARTIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

This report documents a segmental renal infarction in the midportion of a transplanted kidney which was identified by 131I-Hippuran and 99mTcO1-scintigraphy. The scintigraphic findings in our patient consisted of a wedge-shaped area of decreased activity in the middle third of the transplanted kidney on both the Hippuran and 99mTcO4-scintigrams. The infarction was verified by selective renal arteriography. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of the demonstration of segmental infarction in a renal allograft by combined radionuclide scintigraphy.
Electroencephalographic Study of Open-Ward Patients
Authors: Rosalie J. Ging
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THIS STUDY was designed to investigate possible relationships between electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns and various aspects of cognitive functioning. Kooi and Hovey 1 reported a study in which 21 epileptic subjects performed psychological tests while the EEG was being recorded. Verbal questions and answers were recorded simultaneously. Nonanswer responses included temporary loss of goal idea, transient inattention, or direct admission of confusion. The authors concluded that disturbance in higher mental processes is significantly associated with paroxysmal activity.  We proposed to test whether there is a positive relationship between an abnormal EEG and persistent impaired abstract thinking or tendency to concrete thinking. In this preliminary investigation, 41 psychiatric patients were selected in order of admission to an open ward in a VA general medical and surgical hospital. Open-ward patients were used since an earlier review of routine EEG's done in a one-year period revealed that, of 128 records obtained, 52 were
Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade in Unstable Coronary Disease
Authors: James H. Chesebro, Juan J. Badimon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Coronary atherosclerosis develops over decades and then may suddenly lead to an acute coronary event. Often this occurs in an artery with a minor stenosis. The culprit lesion usually has a large lipid core containing tissue factor, and it is covered by a thin fibrous cap with a thinned collagen matrix infiltrated by macrophages. The acute event is due usually to disruption of plaque and less often to erosion.The risk factors leading to atherosclerosis also contribute to plaque disruption and the formation of thrombus. Flowing blood contacts tissue substrates deep in the arterial wall — a process that initiates . . .
The Study of Mucosal and Biochemical Changes after Gastric Hypothermia.
Authors: J. Alfred Rider
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Study of Mucosal and Biochemical Changes after Gastric Hypothermia.J. Alfred Rider, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P., Ernesto J. Puletti, M.D., Hugo C. Moeller, M.D., Ph.D.J. Alfred Rider, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Ernesto J. Puletti, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hugo C. Moeller, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-805_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBiochemical and gross pathologic changes were studied in more than 150 patients who were subjected to gastric hypothermia for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Control gastroscopic examinations, gastric analyses for free HCl, pepsin, and 24-hr uropepsin levels were determined. Twenty-four hours after hypothermia, there was a two- to three-fold rise in uropepsin with a decrease in free HCl averaging approximately 60%. There was a direct correlation between intragastric temperature depression and depression of gastric acidity. Gastroscopic examination immediately after the hypothermia and a day later revealed mild to moderate submucosal hemorrhages. Repeat examinations from several days to several weeks later... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. Alfred Rider, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.P.; Ernesto J. Puletti, M.D.; Hugo C. Moeller, M.D., Ph.D.Affiliations: San Francisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 805-805KeywordsDuodenal ulcersGastroenterology and hepatologyHemorrhageHydrochloric acidHypothermiaPepsinsTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multimodality Imaging of Poland Syndrome With Dextrocardia and Limb Anomalies
Authors: Ramesh S. Iyer, Marguerite T. Parisi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Poland syndrome is a rare disorder featuring unilateral anterior thoracic and upper extremity anomalies. These include hypoplasia of the pectoralis major costosternal head, absent pectoralis minor, breast hypoplasia, and absent upper rib cartilage. Pulmonary hypoplasia may occur secondarily. The postulated etiology is underdevelopment of the subclavian artery. Less than 50 cases of Poland syndrome with dextrocardia have been reported. Rib anomalies cause rightward cardiac displacement in fetal life.6–8 This case of left-sided Poland syndrome in a young girl is unique not only because of dextrocardia, but also because the condition preferentially afflicts the right side and males.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Endoscopic Treatment of Sporadic Adenomas of the Papilla of Vater
Authors: J.-C. Saurin, A. Chavaillon, B. Napoléon, F. Descos, R. Bory, F. Berger, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Knowledge about the long-term outcome of patients after endoscopic treatment of ampullary adenomas remains poor, although surgical series have suggested that the initial endoscopic evaluation of these diseases might overlook cancer foci developed in adenomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the long-term outcome in patients with ampullary adenomas treated endoscopically, with a focus on the possible development of cancer.The study included 24 patients (median age 59 years, range 34 - 84) with macroscopically benign adenomas of the papilla of Vater treated using mainly laser photodestruction between 1983 and 1996. Medical, endoscopic, surgical, and histological reports were reviewed. Patients and general practitioners were contacted to determine patient outcome when endoscopic follow-up had been discontinued.Endoscopic remission (macroscopic and histological) was achieved in 16 patients (66.6 %) with one recurrence (6.2 %) during a mean endoscopic follow-up of 66 months (4-168 months). Endoscopic treatment was discontinued in five (20.8 %) patients (with minimal residual adenoma and advanced age and/or severe unrelated disease), and failed in three patients (12.5 %) (failure of Nd:YAG laser in one case, severe pancreatitis and pancreatic duct ingrowth in one case each). After a mean clinical follow-up of 81 months (8-172 months), two patients (8.3 %) had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy; eight (33.3 %) had died from unrelated diseases; and 14 (58.3 %) were alive and asymptomatic without any evidence of ampullary cancer.Long-term follow-up revealed no case of advanced ampullary cancer and suggested that endoscopic treatment was satisfactory for the large majority of patients with ampullary adenomas.