tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Art of Lecturing
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1960)

At least part of the low rating of lectures in the curriculum stems more from the poor quality of the speaker than from any inherent fault in lectures qua lectures. Although there are many treatises, manuals, and texts on techniques of lecturing, from my experience in listening to people present scientific material at medical meetings I suspect that most speakers are oblivious to them. While one probably can do well enough by taking as his model any good speaker, it is well to remember a few simple rules and regulations which a good speaker needs to keep in mind regardless of his experience. Very few speakers are without a few minor and characteristic tics. Some interrupt every sentence by uhs, ohs, ahs, or grimaces. Others fail to address the platform, talk into their vest, wave the flashlight pointer around as though they were in competition with a planetarium, indicate that
Heart Substitutes: Mechanical and Transplant
Authors: Robert L. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<i>Heart Substitutes</i>surveys the impressive developments of the past decade in repairing or replacing the sick heart. It is divided into four parts, dealing with prosthetic heart valves, extracorporeal circulation, mechanical hearts, and cardiac transplantation. The discussion on the physical characterization, hemodynamic performance and thrombogenic tendencies of prosthetic valves contains much information and it is well done. However, the chapters on clinical evaluation tend to be provincial and fail to present an inclusive broad view. The essentials of cardiopulmonary bypass are treated unevenly, eg, discussion of principles of cardiopulmonary bypass is superficial, enumeration of techniques employed in one institution is dogmatic, but the chapter on metabolic responses to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass is superb, and that on assisted circulation in acute cardiac failure is good. The section on mechanical hearts makes it painfully clear how helpful is a solid background in physics. Nevertheless, the writing is lucid and even the unsophisticated
Malaria Prevention in Short-Term Travelers
Authors: David O. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A family is planning a safari that includes 3 days in Cape Town, 3 days in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and 3 days in Victoria Falls, Zambia. The 31-year-old husband takes no medications, but recently he discontinued fluoxetine for depression. His 29-year-old wife is healthy and 15 weeks pregnant. Their 7-year-old child is in good health. How should the risk and prevention of malaria be managed in this family?
Cardiac Risk of Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Charles A. Boucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The cardiac risk associated with noncardiac surgery is due primarily to clinically silent or apparently stable coronary artery disease that is unmasked by the stress of surgery. Since it is too hazardous and expensive to perform coronary angiography on all preoperative patients, a systematic approach that relies on a simple clinical assessment is needed to determine the surgical risk. It is also too expensive to perform noninvasive laboratory tests in all patients. The best approach takes into consideration the type of surgery, the clinical likelihood of an event, the relative usefulness of the laboratory tests, and the therapeutic options for . . .
Carcinogenicity of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke
Authors: M. Glass
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MrEDICALJsON 621 body to the psittacosis group of organisms in titres of 1/1024 (3 October), 1/256 (12 October), and 1/64 (23 October).When the serological reports were received inquiry revealed that the patient had recently been in contact with budgerigars which were kept as domestic pets.The history, the clinical picture, and the serological and post-mortem findings seem to warrant a diagnosis of psittacosis with cardiac and pulmonary signs.The persistent nausea and retching have not yet been explained.When further necropsy reports are available and the results of virus isolation studies have been completed we intend to publish a more detailed account of this case.-Weare, etc.,
Epidemiologic study on Yusho, a Poisoning Caused by Ingestion of Rice Oil Contaminated with a Commercial Brand of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Masanori Kuratsune, Takesumi Yoshimura, Junichi Matsuzaka, Atsuko Yamaguchi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1972)

In October, 1968, an epidemic of a peculiar skin disease similar to chloracne was reported in Fukuoka-Ken (Fukuoka prefecture), Japan.The epidemic was later proved to have spread not only over Fukuoka-Ken but also over 20 other prefectures in the western part of Japan (Fig. 1).It produced 1,057 patients according to the latest tabulation (August, 1971) by the Ministry of Welfare.Soon after the epidemic was announced, a study group was organized by the staff of the faculties of medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, agriculture, and engineering of the Kyushu University and by the staff of the local health departments, to clarify the cause of the epidemic and to effectuate its control (1).We participated in the study group and conducted, as members of its epidemiologic study subgroup, an extensive epidemiologic investigation following the basic methodology of epidemiology (2).Fortunately, the cause of the epidemic was soon demonstrated to be the ingestion of a brand of rice oil contami- nated with a commercial brand of polychlorinated biphenyls, and the disease was called "Yusho", namely oil disease.Although our observations and experiences are confined to the Yusho patients seen in Fukuoka- Ken, we believe that reporting of them will help many people in the world who are deeply con-
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS ACTIVE IMMUNITY TO STRAINS OF THE VIRUS OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton, Harold E. Pearson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

When mice are immunized by one intraperitoneal inoculation with active or inactive influenza virus (strain PR8, W.S., and Melbourne) the quantity required for protection against heterologous strains is about 10 times the homologous minimal immunizing dose. Three injections increase the immunity to all strains, but the ratio between the homologous and heterologous minimal immunizing dose is not altered. Swine influenza virus given intraperitoneally fails to immunize against human strains unless the quantity injected is 1,000 times the minimal amount required for homologous immunity. Intranasal immunization of mice with 1/100 M.L.D. of attenuated ferret passage strains PR8 and Philadelphia, or the tissue culture strain of swine influenza, gives a solid resistance to infection with heterologous strains. When smaller amounts of virus are given intranasally, strain specificity becomes more apparent, and with minimal doses the immunity may be effective only against the homologous and closely related strains.
De novo induction of platelet-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells from CD4+CD25− cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Xiao-Lin Zhang, Jun Peng, Jian-Zhi Sun, Jia-Jun Liu, Cheng-Shan Guo, Zhen-Guang Wang, Yuan Yu, Yan Shi, Ping Qin, Shu-Guang Li, Li-Ning Zhang, Ming Hou
Journal: Blood (2008)
Influence of Disc Size on Optic Nerve Head versus Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Assessment for Diagnosing Glaucoma
Authors: Francesco Oddone, Marco Centofanti, Lucia Tanga, Mariacristina Parravano, Manuele Michelessi, Mauro Schiavone, Carlo Maria Villani, Paolo Fogagnolo, Gianluca Manni
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
The Cameron Prize Lecture ON MICROBIC TRANSMISSIBLE AUTOLYSIS: Given before the University of Edinburgh, 1922,
Authors: J. Bordet
Journal: BMJ (1923)

AMONG the dlscove;ies whiclh in the course' of'recent years have most"attracted the attention of biolo istsisthe so-called phenomenon of bacteriophagy, or, as we gh6uld preferably say', 'tbephlenomenon of-nlicrobic transmissible autolysis.From the historical point of view it ouagt to be recalled'that' we are indebted to an Enalish scientist for the first observa-' tions on this,subject.Having inoculatedvaccinia on aaar media Dr. Twort observed the development of a micrococcus which occasionally showed a translucent or transparent clhange, starting as clear spots at the margin of the colonies.Under the microscope nothing but small granules could be seen in these glassy areas.Some of the colonies showing such a degenerative change could not be subcultured.More.over, whlen a pure normal culture of tthe micrococcus isolated from vaccinia was touched with atsmall portion of a glassy colony the growtlh at the point toucbed soon began to become transparent or glassy; maly of the micrococci "were killed and replaced: by fine granules.Killed microbes were not affected.VWhe'n diluted with a large volume of water the tran.sparentgrowtll was found to pass through the finest * The statistics on which this paper is based were prepared early in 1922.f By pectoral region I mean not only the area originally occupied by the breast, but the infraclavicular, the lateral aspect of the chest below the axilla, and the region over the slernnm.
Phospholipase A2-and hyaluronidase-specific IgG4 defines allergenicity and/or hyperimmunity to bee venom
Authors: E.M. Varga, C. Manhart, A. Pfleger, M. Zach, Z. Markovic-Ho, K. Blaser, C. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
EXPERIMENTAL GRISEOFULVIN PORFHYRIA IN ADULT AND FOETAL MICE
Authors: A. C. LOCHHEAD, J. H. DAGO and, A. GOLDBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article EXPERIMENTAL GRISEOFULVIN PORFHYRIA IN ADULT AND FOETAL MICE Get access A. C. LOCHHEAD, A. C. LOCHHEAD University Department of Medicine, Gardiner Institute Western Infirmary, Glasgow, W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. H. DAGO And, J. H. DAGO And University Department of Medicine, Gardiner Institute Western Infirmary, Glasgow, W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. GOLDBERG A. GOLDBERG University Department of Medicine, Gardiner Institute Western Infirmary, Glasgow, W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 2, 1 February 1967, Pages 96–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11463.x Published: 01 February 1967
Pleural Effusion: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Douglas W. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  This letter is in regard to the article entitled Pleural Effusion: A Diagnostic Dilemma, by Donald D. Storey, MD and colleagues (236:2183, 1976). I am disturbed that this article carries the cost-effective philosophy to an extreme that will prove detrimental to patient care. Any physician who has dealt routinely with pleural effusions has been fooled frequently enough by an unsuspected diagnosis to realize that his clinical impression may be erroneous. To limit oneself to a primary diagnosis and order only pertinent tests needlessly exposes patients to the discomfort and risk of multiple thoracenteses. In particular, I have found pleural effusions associated with malignant disease, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, and empyema presenting in very similar fashion, ie, without any strong indication of the underlying cause. To follow a rigid set of narrow diagnostic efforts in these patients needlessly prolongs the evaluation and may lead to additional morbidity.  It also seems
Ireland draws up plan for junior doctors' hours
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In the wake of unprecedented street protests by the 2500 junior doctors in the Republic of Ireland a 10 point action plan to begin the process of reducing junior doctors' working hours has been drawn up by the Department of Health and Children, the Irish Medical Organisation, and the Health Service Employers' Agency.

The country's junior doctors were furious after the …
Appraisal of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy
Authors: HERBERT CHASIS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Four completed prospective studies of drug-treated and control hypertensives utilizing double blind randomized protocols are reviewed for the purpose of evaluating the evidence on which the present therapeutic crusade is based. Patients studied were predominantly male, observed for short period, had complications or died at young age, had high incidence of previous target organ vascular disease, and did not include those whose blood pressure fell to normal with hospitalization alone. Incidence of complications associated with coronary artery disease was the same in control and treated patients. The rapidly progressive disease observed in these patients differs from that described in other natural history studies. Population screening for hypertension for the purpose of instituting drug therapy is premature because the value of antihypertensive drug treatment for the general hypertensive population has not been established.
Physician Self-interest and Medical Ethics-Reply
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Dr Silver raises two points in his response to my article: one is the definition of medical ethics; the other is the question of physician self-interest.  With respect to a definition of medical ethics, there is reason for confusion. The term is variously used by medical ethicists. Since I used the term in the title of my paper, I should at least clarify what I meant.  Ethics is defined as the science of human conduct. Specifically, today, it is a branch of philosophy consisting in a formal, systematic, critical examination of human conduct from the point of view of its rightness or wrongness, good or harm. Ethics seeks to discern whether there are universalizable principles by which human conduct may be judged. It seeks to clarify the meaning of ethical terms and the logic of ethical discourse and to lay bare the prelogical presuppositions on which ethical opinion
Book Review The Selling of DSM: The Rhetoric of Science in Psychiatry By Stuart A. Kirk and Herb Kutchins. 270 pp. Hawthorne, N.Y., Aldine de Gruyter, 1992. $39.95 (cloth); $19.95 (paper). 0-202-30432-9
Authors: Richard C. Shelton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with a positive direct Coombs' test
Authors: Prasad Rao Koduri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract A 50‐year‐old previously well woman developed a sudden onset of ecchymoses and petechiae over the trunk and extremities and gum bleeding. There was no history of alcohol use or drug ingestion. Physical examination was normal except for the ecchymoses, purpuric rash, and gum bleeding. Complete blood count showed Hb 8.0 g/dl, leucocytes 10.9 × 10 9 /L with a normal differential, platelets 8 × 10 9 /L and reticulocytes, 4%. The bone marrow was normocellular and showed absence of megakaryocytes; there was normoblastic erythroid hyperplasia and the myelopoiesis was normal. The direct Coombs test result was positive. There was poor response to treatment with prednisone and bolus doses of vincristine. Therapy with danazol resulted in the complete normalization of the blood counts, and the patient remains well 32 months after diagnosis and is currently taking 100 mg danazol daily. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus by means of laser induced fluorescence.
Authors: C S von Holstein, A M Nilsson, S Andersson-Engels, R Willen, B Walther, K Svanberg
Journal: Gut (1996)

PATIENTS: Seven patients with Barrett9s metaplastic epithelium and oesophageal adenocarcinoma were investigated by means of laser induced fluorescence after low dose intravenous injection (0.35 mg/kg bw) of Photofrin (QLT, Vancouver, Canada). Laser induced fluorescence measurements were performed immediately after resection of the oesophagus. METHODS: Laser induced fluorescence spectra were recorded from 15-30 locations in each surgical specimen from normal mucosa, Barrett9s epithelium, and tumour tissue. Histological examination was performed on each location to correlate the fluorescence spectral characteristics with histological status of the epithelium (normal, metaplastic or malignant). Measurements were also performed during endoscopy in five patients to test the applicability of the method in a clinical setting. Fluorescence spectra were recorded and evaluated at characteristic wavelengths, and biopsy specimens were collected. Fluorescence ratios were calculated as the quotient of Photofrin fluorescence divided by autofluorescence. RESULTS: The mean (SD) fluorescence ratio values were 0.10 (0.058) for normal oesophageal mucosa, 0.16 (0.073) for normal gastric mucosa, 0.205 (0.17) for Barrett9s epithelium with moderate dysplasia, 0.79 (0.54) for severe dysplasia, and 0.78 (0.56) for adenocarcinoma. The highest fluorescence ratios were obtained for adenocarcinoma tissue, which could generally be distinguished from all nonmalignant tissue. Metaplastic Barrett9s epithelium also yielded higher fluorescence ratios than did normal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the technique can be used during endoscopy for real time tissue characterisation in the oesophagus, as an aid in detecting malignant transformation not macroscopically apparent at endoscopy.
The Efficacy of Spiritual Healing
Authors: Kimball C. Atwood
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters19 June 2001The Efficacy of Spiritual HealingKimball C. Atwood, MDKimball C. Atwood, MDNewton-Wellesley Hospital; Newton, MA 02462 (Atwood)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Extraordinary claims demand extraordinary evidence. The most interesting findings of the review of "distant healing" studies by Astin and colleagues (1) are the myriad methodologic problems and the modest evidence for any "effect" even in the face of such problems. "Distant healing" is thus reminiscent of its close relative, extrasensory perception. After more than 100 years of claims made for extrasensory perception's existence, including several "positive" (but ultimately nonreplicated) studies that would certainly pass muster with Astin and colleagues, there is still no real evidence that it is anything other than a figment of true believers' imaginations ...References1. Astin JA, Harkness E, Ernst E. The efficacy of "distant healing": a systematic review of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:903-10. [PMID: 10836918] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Bem DJ, Honorton C. Does psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer. Psychol Bull. 1994;115:4-18. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Lilienfield SO. New analyses raise doubts about replicability of ESP findings. Skeptical Inquirer. 1999; 23:9-12. Available at www.csicop.org/si/9911/lilienfeld.html. Google Scholar4. Hyman R. The evidence for psychic functioning: claims versus reality. Skeptical Inquirer. 1996 March/April. Available at www.csicop.org/si/9603/claims.html. Google Scholar5. Sweat JA, Durm MW. Psychics: do police departments really use them? Skeptical Inquirer. 1993;17:148-58. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kimball C. Atwood, MDAffiliations: Newton-Wellesley Hospital; Newton, MA 02462 (Atwood) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Efficacy of "Distant Healing" John A. Astin , Elaine Harkness , and Edzard Ernst Metrics Cited byIntercessory prayer and healing prayer 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: 1150KeywordsPerceptionPhysicistsPsychologistsSports and exercise medicineTouch ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Unaccustomed As I Am to....
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Public speaking is often a stressful chore. Just how stressful becomes apparent on reading a recent report by Taggart and associates. 1 Prompted by their previous observations 2 that physiological changes accompany the unpleasant symptoms experienced by some public speakers, these investigators recorded pulse rates, electrocardiograms, and plasma catecholamine and fatty acid concentrations in 30 subjects—7 with coronary heart disease—speaking before an audience. Electrocardiograms were monitored during the speeches, and chemical analyses were made on blood samples drawn immediately before and after speaking.  All subjects manifested tachycardia, the fastest heart rates reaching 180 beats per minute. The majority had characteristic electrocardiographic abnormalities—depressed J points in those with normal hearts and depressed S-T segments in sufferers from coronary artery heart disease. All but two of the latter group had multiple, often multifocal ventricular ectopic beats. These occurred only in a minority of subjects with normal hearts. While epinephrine concentration remained unchanged,
Potassium measurements in the extracellular spaces of normal and failing cat myocardium
Authors: F. G MARTIN, A. R FREEMAN, T. A MARINO, S. R HOUSER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

After periods of quiescence, papillary muscles and trabeculae from normal and hypertrophied-failing cat hearts were subjected to ionic stress induced by stimulation (drive) at different frequencies. Patterns of change in extracellular potassium concentration were measured using ion-selective microelectrodes and were shown to be significantly different in certain key parameters. In both types of tissue, extracellular potassium activity initially increased from the level in the bathing medium, reached a peak, and then returned toward the original levels. However, the time for this to occur was significantly longer in the hypertrophied-failing muscles than in the normal controls. Also, after more than 5 min of drive, the potassium activity in the extracellular spaces was significantly higher in the hypertrophied-failing tissue than in the normal tissue. The results of these experiments indicate that there may be quantitative differences between normal and hypertrophied-failing cardiac muscles with regard to the regulation of ionic balance.