tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prematurity and "Cerebral Palsy"
Authors: P. E. Polani
Journal: BMJ (1958)

That there is an association between prematurity and "cerebral palsy " impressed the earliest students of this neurological condition (Little, 1862; Freud, 1897).Its nature has puzzled many; for some, like Brissaud (1894), the effect of prematurity is to cause a develop- mental anomaly of the pyramidal tracts; for others, like Collier (1924), the two conditions are parallel mani- festations of an intrauterine abnormality causing both prematurity and primary antenatal degeneration of cerebral neurones.Although data on prematurity are available in the collection of cases published by Little, it is largely in recent times that the association between prematurity and cerebral palsy has been put on a quantitative basis.Evans (1948), in 76 cases, and Asher and Schonell (1950), in 400 cases, found an incidence of prematurity of 39%, about eight times that in the normal population, while Lilienfeld and Parkhurst (1951), for 505 cases, give a figure of 22.2% with an incidence of prematurity in their control population (115,281) of 4.8%.It is to be noted that the controls used by Lilienfeld and Parkhurst were survivors at the end of the first month of life, those of Asher and Schonell were survivors at the end of the first year, and those of Evans were matched for age with his cerebral palsy cases.So that in these studies an attempt was made to overcome the error that would result from using figures referring to
INFILTRATING AND METASTASISING SARCOMA OF THE RAT.
Authors: SIMON FLEXNER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A forthcoming number of the<i>Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>will contain a detailed description of a mixed-cell sarcoma of the rat which presents many points of similarity with sarcoma of man. The original tumor sprang from the seminal vesicle of a white rat and it has since been transplanted successfully to several hundred rats, both white and mixed gray and white. At first the number of successful transplantations was variable and sank as low as 20 to 30 per cent., but in the last months the successful results have in certain series reached 100 per cent. and averaged about 95 per cent. This increase was achieved by selecting the more rapidly growing tumors, in a young state, for the inoculations. The inoculations have been made under the skin into the muscles, and into the peritoneal cavity. The subcutaneous nodules tend to invade the skin and to cause ulceration; the intramuscular
Alpine Slide Anaphylaxis
Authors: Kenneth C. Spitalny, Jack E. Farnham, Linden E. Witherell, Richard L. Vogt, Roger C. Fox, Michael Kaliner, Thomas B. Casale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

DURING the two-week period of July 22 to August 8, 1982, five people experienced anaphylactic reactions (Table 1) after sustaining skin-abrasion injuries while riding on an Alpine Slide in Vermont. The slide is an amusement ride that consists of a free-running sled that glides down a mountainside on an asbestos-cement track. A case–control study was initiated and included companions of the index cases, noncompanions with abrasion injuries, and six employees who had also had recent abrasion injuries from the slide. Risk factors that were significantly associated with the development of anaphylaxis included abrasions, a personal or family history of allergic . . .
Abstract 566: Withaferin A causes autophagy in normal as well as cancerous human breast cells
Authors: Eun-Ryeong Hahm, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Withaferin A (WA), a promising anticancer constituent of traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicinal plant Withania somnifera, inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 (estrogen-independent) and MCF-7 (estrogen-responsive) human breast cancer cells in culture and MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo in association with apoptosis induction. We have shown recently that WA-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Because ROS are frequently implicated in induction of autophagy, which is an evolutionary conserved process for bulk-degradation of macromolecules including organelles, we raised the question of whether WA treatment causes autophagy. In the present study, we have addressed this question using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, a spontaneously immortalized and non-tumorigenic normal human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A), and MDA-MB-231 xenografts from control and WA-treated mice. WA treatment resulted in autophagy induction in cancerous (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) as well as normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) as judged by transmission electron microscopy, cleavage of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), formation of acidic vesicular organelles, and punctate pattern of LC3 localization. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed markedly higher expression of LC3 in MDA-MB-231 xenografts from female athymic mice administered i.p. with 4 mg/kg WA compared with control. Autophagy is a protective mechanism against apoptosis by several agents. Interestingly, inhibition of WA-induced autophagy either by a pharmacological agent (3-methyladenine) or siRNA knockdown of critical autophagy regulating proteins ATG5 or Beclin1 did not have any meaningful impact on growth inhibition or apoptotic cell death resulting from WA exposure in MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that WA induces autophagy in breast cancer cells regardless of estrogen receptor expression and this response is not unique to cancerous breast cells. In addition, unlike many other agents, autophagy induction by WA has no influence on its ability to inhibit cell growth or cause apoptosis at least in breast cancer cells. This investigation was supported by US PHS grant CA142604 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 566. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-566
Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Irritant-induced Asthma
Authors: Jean-Luc Malo, Jocelyne L'Archevêque, Lucero Castellanos, Kim Lavoie, Heberto Ghezzo, Karim Maghni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The long-term outcomes of acute irritant-induced asthma (IIA) are mostly unknown.To study the long-term outcomes of IIA.We reassessed 35 subjects who experienced IIA at a mean interval of 13.6 +/- 5.2 years.The causal agent was chlorine in 20 cases (57%). At diagnosis, the mean +/- SD FEV(1) was 74.5 +/- 19.5% predicted, and all subjects showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness. At reassessment, all subjects reported respiratory symptoms, and 24 (68%) were on inhaled steroids. There were no significant improvements in FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC values. Twenty-three subjects had a methacholine test, and only six subjects had normal levels of responsiveness. Of the remaining 12 subjects, six had improvement in FEV(1) after bronchodilator >or=10%. In samples of induced sputum obtained from 27 subjects, six had eosinophils >or=2%. Levels of inflammatory and remodeling mediators were higher than in control subjects but were no different from subjects with occupational asthma due to sensitization. Quality of life score was 4.4 +/- 1.5 on a 0 (worst) to 7 (best) scale. Twelve subjects had an abnormal depression score.This study provides the first evidence of significant long-term impact of acute IIA on various outcomes.
A False-Positive Lung Scan in an Elderly Man Resulting From Congenital Absence of the Right Pulmonary Artery
Authors: R Mansberg, C L. Wong, I Drivas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly that usually presents in childhood with sporadic reports presenting in early adulthood. A 70-year-old man who had a false-positive ventilation–perfusion lung scan resulting from congenital agenesis of the right pulmonary artery (PA) is described. This case is unusual in that the patient's initial presentation occurred at 70 years of age. The accurate diagnosis prevented inappropriate anticoagulation and the patient was managed symptomatically.
Mutant p53 oncogene expression in keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: T.J. STEPHENSON, J. ROYDS, P.B. SILCOCKS, S.S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The tumour suppressor gene p53, located on the short arm of chromosome 17, encodes for a nuclear protein which regulates cell proliferation by inhibiting cells entering S-phase. p53 mutations are alleged to be the commonest genetic abnormality in human cancer. We studied mutant p53 oncoprotein expression, using PAb1801 monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry, in 25 'ideal' keratoacanthomas and 26 well-, 19 moderately and 18 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. While there was a highly significant trend in the proportion of p53 oncoprotein-positive lesions from keratoacanthomas to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (chi 2 = 17.13, df = 1, exact P = 0.00003), p53 expression was inadequate for distinguishing keratoacanthoma from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (chi 2 = 2.55, df = 1, exact P = 0.18; corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of only 0.36).
Abstract 4211: p85alpha mediates p53 K370 acetylation by p300 and regulates its promoter-specific transactivity in the cellular UVB response
Authors: Lun Song, Ming Gao, Wen Dong, Meiru Hu, Jingxia Li, Xiaoyan Shi, Yi Hao, Yi Li, Chuanshu Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Inducible acetylation of p53 at lysine residues has a great impact on regulating the transactivation of this protein, which is associated with cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis under various stress conditions. However, the factor(s) for regulating p53 acetylation remains largely unknown. In the current study, we have shown that p85α, the regulatory subunit of PI-3K, plays a critical role in mediating p53 acetylation and promoter-specific transactivation in the UVB response. Depletion of p85α in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) significantly impairs UVB-induced apoptosis as well as p53 transactivation and acetylation at Lys370 (Lys373 of human p53); however, the accumulation, nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p53 are not affected. Interestingly, p85α binds to p300, promotes the p300-p53 interaction and the subsequent recruitment of the p53/p300 complex to the promoter region of the specific p53 target gene in response to UVB irradiation. Moreover, ablation of p53 acetylation at Lys370 by site-directed mutagenesis dramatically suppresses UVB-induced expression of the specific p53-responsive gene as well as cell apoptosis. Therefore, we conclude that p85α is a novel regulator of p53-mediated response under certain stress conditions, and targeting the p85α-dependent p53 pathway may be promising for cancer therapy. Key Words: acetylation/ p85α/ p53/ p300/UVB radiation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4211
Parotid-Fluid Urea Nitrogen for the Monitoring of Hemodialysis
Authors: Marvin Forland, Ira L. Shannon, Fred H. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

CONTINUED interest and advances in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis have accompanied the increasing emphasis on early and frequent dialyses in acute renal failure, the exploratory programs in chronic dialysis and the use of dialysis as an ancillary measure in renal transplantation. Although the importance of urea as a primary "uremic toxin" continues to be debated there is general agreement concerning the correlation of blood urea level with clinical fluctuations in the azotemic patient and its value as a monitoring device. Measurement of parotid-fluid urea nitrogen as a reflection of serum urea nitrogen has been found to be a simple and . . .
Modulation of interleukin 1 beta gene expression by the immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus.
Authors: G K Iwamoto, M M Monick, B D Clark, P E Auron, M F Stinski, G W Hunninghake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The immediate early (IE) genes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be expressed in monocytes/macrophages and are known to regulate other viral genes. The purpose of these studies was to determine if HCMV IE gene products also modulate expression of a monocyte/macrophage-derived gene, interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta. Steady-state cell-derived IL-1 beta mRNA was increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells when transfected with the HCMV IE1 + 2 genes, when compared to cells transfected with a control DNA. LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells also exhibited approximately 30-fold higher IL-1 CAT activity when cotransfected with IE1 + 2 than was observed for the same cells cotransfected with IL-1 CAT and a control plasmid containing the IE promoter alone. LPS increased IL-1 CAT activity in the absence of HCMV genes only twofold. IE1, by itself, increased IL-1 CAT activity in LPS-stimulated cells, whereas, IE2, by itself, caused no change in IL-1 CAT activity. These studies show that the IE1 gene of HCMV can regulate IL-1 beta gene expression. The observations further suggest that some of the inflammatory processes associated with HCMV infection may be due to an effect of HCMV IE genes on cell-derived genes, such as the IL-1 beta gene.
The binding of topically applied glucocorticoids to rat skin
Authors: J.R.J. BAKER, R.A. CHRISTIAN, P. SIMPSON, A.M. WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The epidermis of rat skin was shown to be the major site of accumulation of label after the topical application of [3H]-cortisol, [3H]-corticosterone and [3H]-triamcinolone acetonide. However, incubation of the skin in vitro in a way which ensured contact only between the dermal side of the skin and the steroid showed preferential accumulation of label from [3H]-cortisol and [3H]-corticosterone in the epidermis whereas label from [3H]-triamcinolone acetonide appeared evenly spread in the dermis and epidermis. The affinity of corticosterone to soluble proteins in skin homogenates was greater than that of cortisol as measured by displacement binding and correspondingly glucose uptake into the skin in vitro was inhibited for 18 hr after a single application of corticosterone but was not inhibited by cortisol.
Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: Treatment with isotretinoin
Authors: D. SHUTTLEWORTH, P. J. A. HOLT, N. MATHEWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome: Treatment with isotretinoin Get access D. SHUTTLEWORTH, D. SHUTTLEWORTH Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U. K. Dr D. Shuttleworth, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF1 4XN, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. J. A. HOLT, P. J. A. HOLT Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. MATHEWS N. MATHEWS Department of Medical Microbiology (Immunology), University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 1, 1 July 1988, Pages 93–99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb07108.x Published: 01 July 1988
Characterization of self-reactive B cells by polyclonal B-cell activators.
Authors: D Primi, L Hammarström, C I Smith, G Möller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

The existence of autoreactive B cells was predicted by theoretical considerations and, recently, confirmed by direct experiments. The aim of the present work was to investigate if the capacity of self-reactive B cells to be activated with different polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) reflects the heterogeneity of the response as seen in all the Ig-positive cells. We injected mice with dextran sulfate, lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli 055:B5, and purified protein derivate of turbercle bacteria RT32 and studied the complement-dependent cytotoxicity against syngeneic spleen cells caused by the sera from injected mice with regard to the different parameters used for characterization of B-cell subpopulations. It was found that the capacity of self-reactive B cells to secrete antibodies reflects the polyclonal-activating capacity of the PBA used. The implications of these findings for the understanding of the triggering mechanism of B lymphocytes and for self-nonself discrimination are discussed.
Measuring Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: M. HAKALA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Measuring Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Edited by A F Long and D L Scott. (Pp 104; £10.50). London: Royal College of Physicians of London, 1996. ISBN 1-86016-032-8.

In the case of a chronic, progressive disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), no single desired outcome or outcome measure is universally appropriate. Possible desired outcomes may differ significantly with regard to the disease phase or the perspective applied (patient’s, practitioner’s or purchaser’s). This book on the measurement of outcomes in RA clearly shows how multidimensional the phenomenon is. It arouses many interesting questions, one of the most important being how to apply the measures of functional disability mainly assessed in research contexts to clinical practice?

The book sheds light on …
The Cost of Clinical Laboratory Testing
Authors: Paul A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE patient visiting your office is concerned not only with the problem of his illness but also with what this illness is going to cost him. Once he has entered your office, he has already eliminated the problem of quality in his own mind. Clinical laboratory tests, however, in many instances are not performed by the examining physician. Therefore, the physician should discuss three important aspects of the clinical laboratory tests with the patient: quality, service, and economy. <h3>Quality</h3> In this area, it should be pointed out to the patient which laboratory tests are being performed in the doctor's office for which the physician assumes full responsibility. When the laboratory tests are referred to an outside laboratory, some discussion of that laboratory may be in order. At the present time, there are more than 7,500 outpatient clinical laboratories in the United States. Numerous states have laws governing their operation and
A Diffuse Infiltrative CD8 Lymphocytosis Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Host Immune Response Associated with HLA-DR5
Authors: Silviu Itescu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To describe the clinical, immunologic, and immunogenetic features of a diffuse infiltrative lymphocytic disorder resembling Sjögren syndrome in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Clinical case study. Setting: University-affiliated hospitals and outpatient clinics. Patients: Consecutive sample of 17 patients. Measurements and Main Results: All of the 17 patients had bilateral parotid gland enlargement; 14 had xerostomia and 6 had xerophthalmia. Of the 17 patients, 14 had generalized lymphadenopathy, 10 had histologically proved lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, 4 had neurologic involvement, and 3 had lymphocytic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Gallium scanning in all of 11 tested patients showed abnormal salivary gland uptake. Minor salivary gland biopsies showed more than 2 lymphocytic foci per 4 mm2 tissue in all of 11 tested patients, the infiltrate consisting predominantly of CD8 cells. Fifteen patients had circulating CD 8 lymphocytosis; the principal phenotype of these cells was CD8 + CD29 +. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies were infrequent, and none of the patients had anti-Ro/SS-A or anti-La/SS-B antibodies. HLA-DR5 was significantly more frequent in the black patients (10 of 12) compared with controls (13 of 45). Only one patient developed an opportunistic infection during 544 patient-months of study, and none has died of AIDS. Conclusions: A distinct syndrome primarily characterized by parotid gland enlargement, sicca symptoms, and pulmonary involvement occurs in HIV infection. This disorder is associated with CD 8 lymphocytosis and the presence of HLA-DR5, and appears to be a genetically determined host immune response to HIV.
Prostatic Cryptococcal Infection
Authors: Coleman King
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters1 November 1990Prostatic Cryptococcal InfectionColeman King, MD, Richard Finley, MD, Stanley W. Chapman, MDColeman King, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Richard Finley, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Stanley W. Chapman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-9-720_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Larsen and colleagues (1) reported on the persistence of Cryptococcus neoformans in the prostate after successful therapy for meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They found that 9 of 41 patients had positive urine cultures for C. neoformans at the end of primary treatment and determined the prostate to be the source in 7 of 9 patients. We report a case of recurrent cryptococcosis from a prostatic source in a patient without AIDS.A 48-year-old man with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma in remission was hospitalized with severe headache and fever. Lumbar puncture revealed...References1. LarsenBozzetteMcCutchanChiuLealRichman RSJJMD. Persistent Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the prostate after successful treatment of meningitis. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:125-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TillotsonLerner JA. Prostatism in an eighteen year old boy due to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1150-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SalyerSalyer WD. Involvement of the kidney and prostate in cryptococcosis. J Urol. 1973;109:695-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PlunkettTurnerTallentJohnson JBMH. Cryptococcal septicemia associated with urologic instrumentation in a renal allograft recipient. J Urol. 1981;125:241-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DismukesCloudGallis WGH. Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:334-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS 39216-4505 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHow to diagnose and treat fungal infections in chronic prostatitisHow to diagnose and treat fungal infections in chronic prostatitisCryptococcosisFluconazole penetration into the human prostatePulmonary CryptococcosisFungal Infections of the Genitourinary System 1 November 1990Volume 113, Issue 9Page: 720-720KeywordsAIDSCryptococcosisCryptococcus neoformansFeversHeadachesHodgkin lymphomaLumbar punctureMeningitisUrine Issue Published: 1 November 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transcriptome Analyses in Normal Prostate Epithelial Cells Exposed to Low-Dose Cadmium: Oncogenic and Immunomodulations Involving the Action of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: Shlomo Bakshi, Xiang Zhang, Sonia Godoy-Tundidor, Robert Yuk Sing Cheng, Maureen A. Sartor, Mario Medvedovic, Shuk-Mei Ho
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Cadmium is implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but its oncogenic action remains unclear.