tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Abnormality of the <b> <i>hsMAD2</i> </b> Mitotic Checkpoint Gene Is a Potential Link to Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sook-Jung Jeong, Hyun-Jin Shin, So-Jung Kim, Geun-Hyoung Ha, Bok-Im Cho, Kwan-Hyuck Baek, Chang-Min Kim, Chang-Woo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract MAD2 is localized to kinetochores of unaligned chromosomes, where it inactivates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, thus contributing to the production of a diffusible anaphase inhibitory signal. Disruption of MAD2 expression leads to defects in the mitotic checkpoint, chromosome missegregation, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which deregulation and/or abnormality of hsMAD2 expression remains to be elucidated. Here, we clone and analyze a ∼0.5 kb fragment upstream of hsMAD2 and show that this fragment acts as a strong promoter. Transcriptional dysfunction of hsMAD2 is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and down-regulation of hsMAD2 protein expression is correlated with transcriptional silencing of the hsMAD2 promoter by hypermethylation. These results imply a relationship between transcriptional abnormality of this mitotic checkpoint gene and mitotic abnormality in human cancers.
Does chronic sunscreen use reduce vitamin D production to insufficient levels?
Authors: M. Norval, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation in sunlight provides the mechanism for more than 90% of the vitamin D production in most individuals. Concern has been expressed in recent years that the widespread use of sunscreens, particularly those with high sun protection factors, may lead to a significant decrease in solar-induced previtamin D(3) in the skin, resulting in a vitamin D level which is considered insufficient for protection against a wide range of diseases. In this article the published evidence to support and to question this view is presented. It is concluded that, although sunscreens can significantly reduce the production of vitamin D under very strictly controlled conditions, their normal usage does not generally result in vitamin D insufficiency.
Embryonic death and the creation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Donald W. Landry, Howard A. Zucker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The creation of human embryonic stem cells through the destruction of a human embryo pits the value of a potential therapeutic tool against that of an early human life. This contest of values has resulted in a polarized debate that neglects areas of common interest and perspective. We suggest that a common ground for pursuing research on human embryonic stem cells can be found by reconsidering the death of the human embryo and by applying to this research the ethical norms of essential organ donation.
P27 Undergraduate sleep medicine teaching in UK medical schools: A questionnaire survey
Authors: D. S. Urquhart, J. Orme, S. Suresh
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> A 1993 survey reported that US medical schools devoted an average of 2 h to undergraduate teaching of sleep and 7% universities had no structured sleep teaching whatsoever.1 Since 1993, sleep has become increasingly recognised as having a key role in human disease and child development. For example, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has, in the last 10 years become recognised as a major cause of hypertension, while untreated childhood OSA has been shown to have a detrimental effect on cognition and behaviour. <h3>Methods</h3> We aimed to assess whether such clinical knowledge breakthroughs had led to an increase in undergraduate sleep teaching. The questionnaire used for the 1993 US survey1 was adapted for UK use, and distributed via email to the undergraduate deans of all UK medical schools (n=30). Email (x2) and postal reminders were sent. <h3>Results</h3> Responses were received from 17/30 (57%) medical schools, including two that refused to provide information. Data were compiled on the remaining 15 responses. A median (IQR) of 2.5 (1, 4.3) hours is spent teaching sleep medicine and physiology, while two universities (13%) offer no sleep teaching whatsoever. Elective learning modules in sleep are available in 4/15 (27%) medical schools. Areas covered include pharmacology (80%), pathophysiology (73%), diagnostic evaluation (66%), daytime somnolence (47%), developmental aspects of sleep (40%), paediatric sleep (40%), and polysomnography (33%). Teaching was delivered by lectures (87%), and small group tutorials (40%) with only one university utilising online teaching modules. Teachers are a mixture of medical staff (87%), physiologists (33%) and sleep scientists (7%). Only four universities (27%) formally assess sleep knowledge. Barriers to teaching were time (47%), and lack of qualified faculty (13%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In spite of increasing evidence that sleep plays a key role in human health and behaviour, there is a paucity of undergraduate teaching in sleep at UK medical schools, with some universities reporting no sleep teaching at all. In particular it appears that online learning is an under utilised teaching modality, and one which might overcome the lack of faculty and teaching time as barriers to teaching.
Inhaled 2 agonists and performance in competitive athletes
Authors: W Kindermann, T Meyer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To provide an overview of the current literature on the use of inhaled β 2 agonists in non-asthmatic competitive athletes, and to assess the performance enhancing effect of inhaled β 2 agonists. Methods: Review of the literature. Results: Twenty randomised, placebo controlled studies (19 double blind, one single blind) were located. Only three studies reported a performance enhancing effect of inhaled β 2 agonists. However, methodological shortcomings were most likely responsible for these findings (for example, non-elite athletes, inconsistent results in different tests, subgroups with above-average responsiveness). Conclusions: This review reveals that there is no ergogenic potential of inhaled β 2 agonists in non-asthmatic athletes. In view of the epidemiology of asthma in athletes and the considerable workload involved in provision of therapeutic use exemptions the inclusion of inhaled β 2 agonists on the list of prohibited substances should be reconsidered.
Reticular dysgenesis (aleukocytosis) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2
Authors: Ulrich Pannicke, Manfred Hönig, Isabell Hess, Claudia Friesen, Karlheinz Holzmann, Eva-Maria Rump, Thomas F Barth, Markus T Rojewski, Ansgar Schulz, Thomas Boehm, Wilhelm Friedrich, Klaus Schwarz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Recoverin and Ca<sup>2+</sup> in vertebrate phototransduction
Authors: James B. Hurley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Recoverin is a 23 kDa Ca 2+ binding protein that has been detected primarily in vertebrate photoreceptors. The role of recoverin in phototransduction has been investigated using a variety of biochemical methods. Initial reports suggesting that recoverin regulates photoreceptor guanylyl cyclase have not been confirmed. Instead, recoverin appears to determine the lifetime of lightstimulated phosphodiesterase activity, perhaps by regulating rhodopsin phosphorylation. Retinal recoverin is heterogeneously fatty acylated at its ammo-terminus. The amino-terminal fatty acid appears to be involved in the interaction of recoverin with photoreceptor membranes.
CDK9 inhibitor FIT-039 prevents replication of multiple DNA viruses
Authors: Makoto Yamamoto, Hiroshi Onogi, Isao Kii, Suguru Yoshida, Kei Iida, Hiroyuki Sakai, Minako Abe, Toshiaki Tsubota, Nobutoshi Ito, Takamitsu Hosoya, Masatoshi Hagiwara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

A wide range of antiviral drugs is currently available; however, drug-resistant viruses have begun to emerge and represent a potential public health risk. Here, we explored the use of compounds that inhibit or interfere with the action of essential host factors to prevent virus replication. In particular, we focused on the cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, FIT-039, which suppressed replication of a broad spectrum of DNA viruses through inhibition of mRNA transcription. Specifically, FIT-039 inhibited replication of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human adenovirus, and human cytomegalovirus in cultured cells, and topical application of FIT-039 ointment suppressed skin legion formation in a murine HSV-1 infection model. FIT-039 did not affect cell cycle progression or cellular proliferation in host cells. Compared with the general CDK inhibitor flavopiridol, transcriptome analyses of FIT-039-treated cells revealed that FIT-039 specifically inhibited CDK9. Given at concentrations above the inhibitory concentration, FIT-039 did not have a cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells. Importantly, administration of FIT-039 ameliorated the severity of skin lesion formation in mice infected with an acyclovir-resistant HSV-1, without noticeable adverse effects. Together, these data indicate that FIT-039 has potential as an antiviral agent for clinical therapeutics.
Usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the Follow-up of POEMS Syndrome After Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Antonella Stefanelli, Giorgio Treglia, Lucia Leccisotti, Luca Laurenti, Marco Luigetti, Mario Sabatelli, Alessandro Giordano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We report a case of a patient with relapse of POEMS syndrome (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma proliferative disorder, skin changes) that occurred 6 years after an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. F-18 FDG PET/CT showed several hypermetabolic as well as nonhypermetabolic bone lesions. Based on these findings, the patient was referred for radiotherapy to the hypermetabolic bone lesions. After autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, F-18 FDG PET/CT may play a pivotal role in detecting new bone lesions in patients with POEMS syndrome, which may be treated by a focalized radiotherapy and/or systemic therapy.
Some robotic imitations of biological movements can be counterproductive
Authors: Ramesh Balasubramaniam, Anatol G Feldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

It is proposed here that Webb's ideas about robots as possible models of animals need some rethinking. In our view, even though widely used biorobotics strategies are fairly successful at reproducing the macroscopic behavior of biological systems, there are still several problems unresolved on the side of robotics as well as biology. Both mathematical and hardware-like robotics models should be feasible physiologically. Control principles elaborated in robotics are not necessarily applied to biological control systems. Although observations of flying birds inspired aerodynamics and thus modern airplanes, little knowledge has been added to the neurophysiological principles underlying flight in birds. Chess playing computers might outperform most chess players, but they cannot be considered as physiologically feasible models of human thinking.
ENFERMEDAD DE CROHN OBSTRUCTIVA: PAPEL DEL TRATAMIENTO ENDOSCÓPICO
Authors: P Gil Simón, J Barrio, R Atienza, P Díez Redondo, N Alcaide, C De la Serna, M Pérez-Miranda, A Caro-Patón
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introducción: La dilatación endoscópica de estenosis bajas en la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) ha sido evaluada únicamente en series cortas y heterogéneas. Se diseña un estudio observacional, prospectivo y abierto con criterios de inclusión preestablecidos para conocer la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento endoscópico en los casos de actividad aguda asociada a la estenosis.
Calcium apatite crystals in synovial fluid rice bodies
Authors: J Li-Yu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Rice bodies can occur in the joints in many rheumatic conditions, but they are most common in rheumatoid arthritis. They are generally believed to occur rarely in patients with osteoarthritis, but one study reported rice bodies with apatite crystals.To report on a series of joint fluids with rice bodies containing apatite clumps and examine their clinical pictures.All synovial fluid analysis reports for 10 years were reviewed for rice bodies and eight patients were reported on. A series of patients with a variety of diseases with synovial fluid rice bodies found to contain calcific material is described. All were examined by compensated polarised light and alizarin red stain, and four were examined by electron microscopy.The eight patients all had alizarin red S chunks embedded throughout the rice body. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed the presence of a matrix of collagen, fibrin, and amorphous materials containing typical apatite crystals. Clinical diagnoses, radiographic findings, and leucocyte counts varied, but six of the eight patients had had previous repeated corticosteroid injections into the joints.Aggregates of apatites may be more common than previously recognised in rice bodies as they are not routinely sought. Whether they are a result of joint damage or depot steroid injections and whether that might contribute to further joint injury now needs to be investigated.
TUBO-OVARIAN ADHESIONS—THEIR REFLEXES.
Authors: A. L. BEAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The literature of inflammation of ovaries and Fallopian tubes and the resulting adhesions is copious. Wherever effusion is thrown out, organization of lymph may be expected and the binding of parts together results. The cause is usually complex, and recurring attacks may be anticipated. Each outbreak leaves similar exudates, which develop analagous formations, until the parts may be buried beneath the new-formed tissue. If this process is modified by only one attack of inflammation of moderate intensity, or several recurrences of slight severity, adhesions form of simpler nature, and peristalsis, muscular movements and postural influences will form bands, narrow or broad, between contiguous parts, according to the time elapsing after an attack. Hence pelvic adhesions involving the tubes and ovaries may be divided into two classes, the massive, intensely adherent form, whose removal requires great delicacy and strenuous effort, caused usually by severe chronic suppurative or intense inflammatory tubo-ovarian diseases,
An Empirical Study of the Classification of Eating Disorders
Authors: Cynthia M. Bulik, Patrick F. Sullivan, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The nosology for eating disorders, despite having been extensively revised over time, may not capture the natural clustering of eating-related pathology as it occurs in general population samples.METHOD: Detailed information about anorectic and bulimic behaviors was assessed through personal interviews of 2,163 Caucasian female twins from a population-based registry. Latent class analysis was applied to nine eating disorder symptoms to develop an empirically based typology. Demographic, comorbidity, personality, and co-twin diagnosis data were used to validate the resultant classes.RESULTS: A six-class solution provided the best fit. One class displayed distorted eating attitudes without low body weight. Two classes demonstrated low weight without the psychological features of eating disorders. Three classes broadly resembled the DSM-IV classifications of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. For all classes, and especially for the three that reflected current diagnoses of eating disorders, monozygotic twins resembled one another much more in terms of class membership than did dizygotic twins.CONCLUSIONS: The authors found within a community sample, and through an empirical method, classes of eating-related pathology that broadly resembled the current classifications of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Additional classes were marked by either the psychological features of eating disorders or low body weight. Individuals in the three eating-disorder classes had similar personality profiles but displayed differences in symptom expression and co-twin risk for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity.
Prospective study of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) plus endoscopic sclerotherapy vs. EVL alone for the treatment of esophageal varices
Authors: Juan Bobadilla-Diaz, Graciela Castro-Narro, Ma.Eugenia ICaza-Chavez, Jorge Ibarra-Palomino, Eduardo Sanchez-Cortes, Sarai Gonzalez-Huezo, Javier Elizondo-Rivera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
p53 mutations to predict efficacy of alkylating-containing regimen: a metaanalysis of four different clinical trials.
Authors: J Lehmann-Che, F André, C Desmedt, S Giacchetti, C Sotiriou, E Turpin, M Espié, M Marty, M Piccart, L Pusztai, H De Thé
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6064 Background. The predictive value of p53 mutations for efficacy of anthracycline-based chemotherapy is matter of controversy. Inconsistencies among studies could be related to the heterogeneous use of alkylating agents in combination with anthracyclines in different studies. We examined the predictive value of p53 mutations in four different series of breast cancer patients treated with preoperative anthracycline-based chemotherapy including different doses of cyclophosphamide (C).&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods. All patients had stage II-III breast cancer and received anthracycline-containing chemotherapies. A total of 352 patients were included in four different clinical studies : 65 patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative cancers treated with single agent epirubicine (E) (100 mg/m2/3w x 4) in the TOP trial (R1), 52 patients treated with FAC (500 mg/m2 C, 5-FU and 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin/3w x 6) (R2), 96 patients treated with EC-T (75mg/m2 E and 750 mg/m2 C/3w x 4 followed by 100mg/m2 docetaxel/3w x 4) (R3) and 139 patients treated with dose-dense EC (1200mg/m2 C and 75 mg/m2 E/2w x 6) (R4). Before therapy, p53 status was determined in all tumors by yeast functional complementation (FASAY) assay. After chemotherapy, all patients underwent surgery. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no residual invasive tumour cells in breast and lymph nodes.&amp;#x2028; Results. P53 mutations were more frequently observed in the 128 ER-neg compared to ER-pos cancers (78% vs 29.4%). In p53 mutated tumours, the pCR rate increased with the dose-intensity of C. Conversely, in p53 wild type tumours, pCR rates decreased.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Focusing on ER-neg, p53 mutated tumors, the pCR rates rose from 11%, 6%, 32% to 52% in R1, R2, R3 and R4 groups. The R1 and R4 regimen, differing only in C dose intensity, showed marked differences in pCR in ERneg tumors.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Increasing doses of C do not seem to improve pCR rates in P53 wild type tumours, raising the possibility of antagonism with anthracycline in this group. On the other hand, in ER-neg, p53 mutant tumors, inclusion of dose-intense C seems to significantly increase pCR rates. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6064.
Device for Strengthening Ankle and Knee Joints
Authors: John H. Arnett
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  No joint in the body is as frequently strained or sprained as the ankle. Once sprained, the joint is always more vulnerable. None of the weights or traction devices with which I am familiar is as effective an ankle strengthener as the simple brick-and-can assembly pictured here (Figure).  To make the assembly, an ordinary 46-oz can is opened at both ends with a modern can opener. This produces a cylinder with beautifully bevelled ends. The opening of the cylinder may be distorted into an oval by firm pressure and a standard brick forced in for a distance of 1 1/2 to 2 inches. When the pressure is released the resiliency of the metal holds the brick firmly in place. A man's shoe can be slipped into the other end of the can, aided, if necessary, by a little pressure on the side of the can from the
UK appeal upholds clinical responsibility of managers
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Dr John Roylance, former chief executive of United Bristol Healthcare Trust, last week lost his appeal against the General Medical Council's finding of serious professional misconduct over his role in the Bristol heart surgery case. He was found guilty by the General Medical Council (GMC) last June along with two surgeons, James Wisheart and Janardan Dhasmana, but was the only one of the three to appeal.

The GMC found Dr Roylance, who retired in 1995, guilty of failing to act on concerns raised by …
Experience with rationing health care in New Zealand
Authors: Colin M Feek, Winston McKean, Loek Henneveld, Graeme Barrow, Wendy Edgar, Ron J Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This paper was presented at the second international conference on priorities in health care in London, 8-10 October 1998

New Zealand's health reforms were introduced in 1993 and changed the framework for health service delivery; this framework clearly contemplates rationing. We describe the development of guidelines for entry into end stage renal failure programmes in the northern region of New Zealand,1 how they were used in the clinical decision making process, and how they influenced public opinion. In particular, we describe two cases which put the decision to ration renal dialysis under the public spotlight.

### Summary points

New Zealand's health reforms contemplate rationing of services

Clinical guidelines were preferred to determine access to services rather than a simple list

The development of guidelines for access to end stage renal failure programmes tested the expectations of the public, patients, politicians and clinicians

Public opinion is gradually shifting to accept that rationing of health care is inevitable

The Health and Disability Services Act was introduced in New Zealand in 1993. The purpose of the act was to reform the public funding and provision of health services and disability services in order to secure the best health; the best care or support for those in need of those services; and the greatest independence for people with disabilities that is reasonably achievable within the available funding.

The National Advisory Committee on Core Health and Disability Support Services (core services committee) was appointed under the act to advise the minister on “the kinds, and relative priorities, of public health services, personal health services, and disability services that should, in the committee's opinion, be publicly funded.”

The committee was established in March 1992, but by October 1994 its third report to government had rejected the use of a simple list to define the services to which New …
Sequential chemotherapy by CHOP and DHAP regimens followed by high-dose therapy with stem cell transplantation induces a high rate of complete response and improves event-free survival in mantle cell lymphoma: a prospective study
Authors: F Lefrère, A Delmer, F Suzan, V Levy, C Belanger, M Djabarri, B Arnulf, G Damaj, N Maillard, V Ribrag, M Janvier, C Sebban, R-O Casasnovas, R Bouabdallah, F Dreyfus, V Verkarre, E Delabesse, F Valensi, E McIntyre, N Brousse, B Varet, O Hermine
Journal: Leukemia (2002)