tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities: Implication in alcoholic cirrhosis in white patients
Authors: Renee E. Poupon, Bertrand Nalpas, Christiane Coutelle, Benoit Fleury, Patrice Couzigou, Denise Higueret
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Two types of factors can theoretically modulate alcohol metabolism toward increased acetaldehyde production. These factors are the following: (a) individual, genetically determined isoenzymes with distinct catalytic properties, and (b) modifications of enzyme activity induced by alcohol itself or liver damage. To investigate the respective roles of these factors in white individuals, we studied the alcohol dehydrogenase phenotype, together with liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, in 161 patients. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 31) were compared with three types of controls: patients with nonalcoholic cirrhosis (n = 25) and excessive (n = 62) and moderate drinkers (n = 43) without liver disease. No association between alcohol dehydrogenase—3 phenotype and alcoholic cirrhosis was found. The prevalence of atypical alcohol dehydrogenase in the four groups was less than 1%. Patients with cirrhosis, regardless of its cause, had significantly lower alcohol dehydrogenase activity than the patients without cirrhosis (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.01 vs. excessive and moderate drinkers, respectively). Among the noncirrhotic patients, alcohol dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in the excessive drinkers than in the moderate drinkers (p&lt;0.001). Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was not different between cirrhosis–free excessive and moderate drinkers; in contrast, compared with these two groups, it was significantly lower in the two cirrhosis groups (p&lt;0.01). These results suggest that no phenotypic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase—3 associated with alcoholic cirrhosis in white patients exists, that liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity falls as a consequence of both alcohol abuse and cirrhosis and that liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is unaffected by alcohol abuse and only falls after the onset of cirrhosis. (Hepatology 1992;15:1017–1022).
Body Mass Index and Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Heart Failure Among Men
Authors: Satish Kenchaiah, Howard D. Sesso, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Elevated body mass index (BMI; weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) in the obese range (> or =30 kg/m(2)) is associated with an excess risk of heart failure (HF). However, the impact of overweight or preobese (BMI, 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)) status and physical activity on HF risk is unclear.In a prospective cohort of 21,094 men (mean age, 53 years) without known coronary heart disease at baseline in the Physicians' Health Study, we examined the individual and combined effects of BMI and vigorous physical activity (exercise to the point of breaking a sweat) on HF incidence from 1982 to 2007. We evaluated BMI as both a continuous (per 1-kg/m(2) increment) and a categorical (lean, <25 kg/m(2); overweight, 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2); and obese, > or =30 kg/m(2)) variable; we evaluated vigorous physical activity primarily as a dichotomous variable (inactive [rarely/never] versus active [> or =1 to 3 times a month]). During follow-up (mean, 20.5 years), 1109 participants developed new-onset HF. In multivariable analyses, every 1-kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with an 11% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9 to 13) increase in HF risk. Compared with lean participants, overweight participants had a 49% (95% CI, 32 to 69) and obese participants had a 180% (95% CI, 124 to 250) increase in HF risk. Vigorous physical activity conferred an 18% (95% CI, 4 to 30) decrease in HF risk. No interaction was found between BMI and vigorous physical activity and HF risk (P=0.96). Lean active men had the lowest and obese inactive men had the highest risk of HF. Compared with lean active men, the hazard ratios were 1.19 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.51), 1.49 (95% CI, 1.30 to 1.71), 1.78 (95% CI, 1.43 to 2.23), 2.68 (95% CI, 2.08 to 3.45), and 3.93 (95% CI, 2.60 to 5.96) in lean inactive, overweight active, overweight inactive, obese active, and obese inactive men, respectively.In this cohort of men, elevated BMI, even in the preobese range, was associated with an increased risk of HF, and vigorous physical activity was associated with a decreased risk. Public health measures to curtail excess weight, to maintain optimal weight, and to promote physical activity may limit the scourge of HF.
Partitioning of benzene in blood: influence of hemoglobin type in humans and animals.
Authors: Mildred J Wiester, Darrell W Winsett, Judy H Richards, Donald L Doerfler, Daniel L Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Earlier studies have shown that air/blood partition coefficients (PCs) for many volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are much higher in rat blood than in human blood. It has been suggested that the discrepancy could be attributed to the fact that hemoglobin (Hb) in rat blood exists in a quasi-crystalline form of hydrophobicity greater than that of normal human Hb (HbA) and thus has a higher carrying capacity for VOCs. In the present study, we used benzene as a prototypic VOC to examine its relative partitioning into human and animal blood. Additionally, we sought to ascertain whether the water-insoluble form of hemoglobin (HbS) found in subjects with homozygous sickle cell (SC) disease has a greater VOC-carrying capacity than does HbA blood. At a low-O(2) tension, HbS switches to water-insoluble polymers, which physically deforms the red blood cells (RBCs) to the sickle shape. We equilibrated HbA, HbS, Hartley guinea pig, CD1 mouse, and rat (F-344, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley) blood and their respective fractions with benzene vapor (80 or 400 ppm) for 3 hr at 37 degrees C in air-tight vials. We introduced benzene vapor into the vial head space that contained air or respiratory mixtures of venous-type (low-O(2)) or arterial-type (high-O(2)) gases. The blood measurements included the PC, Hb, partial pressures of O(2)(pO(2)) and CO(2)(pCO(2), pH, and percentage of SCs. The benzene concentration had no effect on these parameters, and the high- and low-O(2) gas mixtures produced the expected changes in pO(2), pCO(2), and pH. At equilibrium, the low-O(2) HbS blood had approximately 85% SCs compared with roughly 15% with air or high-O(2) gas. PCs for rat and mouse blood were about 100% higher than those for human and guinea pig blood, but the PC for deoxygenated HbS blood was only slightly higher than that for HbA or oxygenated HbS blood. Benzene showed higher affinities for RBCs in the deoxygenated HbS, rat, and mouse blood and higher affinity for plasma in the guinea pig blood. There was no evidence of disproportionate partitioning of benzene into oxygenated HbS or into HbA blood forms. These data suggest that the water solubility of Hb alone appears to have little effect on the VOC-carrying capacity of blood and that the influence of species is large in comparison. These latter differences in partitioning may depend on the number of hydrophobic sites on the surface of the plasma/heme proteins and thus be unique to the species.
Increased intrinsic pumping of intestinal lymphatics following hemorrhage in anesthetized sheep.
Authors: A Hayashi, M G Johnston, W Nelson, S Hamilton, N G McHale
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The return of fluid and protein to the bloodstream by the lymphatic circulation may play an important role in reconstituting intravascular volume following hemorrhage. In this study, we have defined the lymph-flow changes that occur in cannulated mesenteric lymphatics following a 25% blood loss in anesthetized sheep and investigated the effects of hemorrhage on the intrinsic contractile activity (lymph pumping) of these vessels in vivo using a new model system. The removal of 25% of the calculated blood volume resulted in increases in lymph flow over a 6-hour period, with peak changes to 3.5 times the prebleed levels. Systemic arterial pressures dropped to roughly 50% of control values immediately following the bleed and returned to control in 3 hours. To directly assess the effects of hemorrhage on lymphatic pumping, a segment of intestinal lymphatic was isolated from all lymph input and supplied with fluid from a reservoir. While there was no net pressure driving fluid through the duct, a transmural distending pressure was applied to the vessel, which stimulated resting lymphatic contractions and fluid pumping. A 25% blood loss resulted in increased activity of the lymph pump; up to 6 times more fluid was propelled through this "isolated" vessel in vivo than in similar preparations in sheep that were not bled (p less than 0.01). Measurements of fluid pulse pressures in this preparation indicated increased pumping frequency and/or force after hemorrhage compared with prebleed levels. We conclude that lymphatic contractile activity is stimulated after a blood loss independent of changes in lymph formation and speculate that this mechanism may play an important role in the reexpansion of the vascular space.
DIFFERENCES IN CORONARY PLAQUE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROSPECT STUDY
Authors: Usman Baber, Roxana Mehran, Giora Weisz, George Dangas, Pedro R. Moreno, Akiko Maehara, Ecaterina Cristea, Martin Fahy, Ke Xu, Alexandra J. Lansky, Steven P. Marso, Bernard de Bruyne, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Millennium development goals will not be met until 2282
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2007)

European donor governments are failing to provide the funding needed to improve health in poor countries to achieve the health millennium development goals (MDGs), according to a report from Action for Global Health launched this week at the House of Commons.

Gordon Brown's government was urged to show leadership by immediately doubling aid for health.

Christine McCafferty MP, chairwoman of the all party parliamentary group on population, development, and reproductive health, said that recent research showed that at the current rate of progress the goals in sub-Saharan Africa will not be met until 2282—that is, …
Randomized Phase II Study of CPT-11 vs PTX; +/- S1 in Advanced Gastric Cancer Refractory to S1 or S1 + Platinum
Authors: Goto Masahiro, Imamura Hiroshi, Kawase Tomono, Kimura Yutaka, Ueda Shugo, Matsuyama Jin, Nishikawa Kazuhiro, Sugimoto Naotoshi, Fujita Junya, Tamura Takao, Kii Takayuki, Satoh Taroh, Kurokawa Yukinori, Sakai Daisuke, Shimokawa Toshio, Tsujinaka Toshimasa, Furukawa Hiroshi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Public health and private liberty is complex
Authors: V. Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Sokol assumes that Mill’s defence of individual liberty clarifies the scope of state responsibility to its citizens.1 It does not. In complex societies the distinction between harms to self and harms to others is unclear. If individual autonomy always trumped collective interests we would have no motorcycle helmet legislation, no seat belts, and no punitive taxation on harmful substances such as …
Oscar Auerbach, MD
Authors: Ernst L. Wynder
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CARE OF AVIATION PERSONNEL
Authors: Allen D. Tanney
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  Referring to the article entitled A Panoramic Sketch of the United States Army Medical Service Today by Joseph R. Darnall, M.D., Lieutenant Colonel, M. C., U. S. Army, Washington, D. C., appearing inThe Journal, Dec. 20, 1941, I would mention the School of Aviation Medicine located at Randolph Field, Texas, the medical service with the Air Corps, with its group and squadron aid stations, and the Aero-Medical Research Laboratory, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio. The paramount role that the air forces are now playing in this war should be included in any attempted portrayal of the medical service of the United States Army.  In the last war it was learned that in the selection, maintenance and care of flying personnel the average medical officer is no more professionally equipped to discharge these duties than the average expert chauffeur is to pilot an airplane. It was soon learned
Dissecting Aneurysm of the Aorta Secondary to Tuberculous Aortitis
Authors: JOHN J. MEEHAN, BERNARD H. PASTOR, ANTHONY V. TORRE
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Tuberculous aortitis is rare, only 29 cases having previously been reported. The first known case of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta secondary to tuberculous aortitis is described. The site of dissection was in the adventitia instead of the usual location in the media. The possibility of gradual aortic dissection without the classical acute picture is emphasized.
Italy's "Doing more does not mean doing better" campaign
Authors: Sandra Vernero, Gianfranco Domenighetti, Antonio Bonaldi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Italy’s campaign “Doing more does not mean doing better” (Fare di piu non significa fare meglio) was launched by Italy’s Slow Medicine (www.slowmedicine.it), a movement of doctors, other health professionals, patients, and citizens.1 It aims to promote measured, respectful, and equitable care.

Nine lists have already been published,2 and many other societies …
Renal Revascularization in the Azotemic Hypertensive Patient Resistant to Therapy
Authors: Christopher Y. Ying, Charles P. Tifft, Haralambos Gavras, Aram V. Chobanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We undertook this study to assess the frequency of renovascular hypertension in patients with azotemia and hypertension refractory to drug therapy and to determine the effects of renal revascularization on blood pressure and renal function in these subjects. Thirty-nine of 106 consecutive patients admitted for diagnostic evaluation of severe hypertension proved to have renovascular hypertension. Of 21 hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency, 10 appeared to have renovascular hypertension with either bilateral atherosclerotic renovascular disease or unilateral renal arterial stenosis in a solitary functioning kidney. Medical therapy in the hospital often induced further deterioration of renal function despite enhanced blood-pressure control. However, surgical revascularization or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty produced improvement or stabilization of renal function and control of blood pressure in all patients with azotemia who were treated in this manner, despite longstanding hypertension. The benefits of therapy have persisted for 10 to 42 months of follow-up. These studies indicate that refractory hypertension in association with renal insufficiency is a relatively common clinical presentation for renovascular hypertension and bilateral renal-artery disease. Diagnostic evaluation and consideration of renal revascularization appear warranted in such patients, both for the control of the hypertension and for improvement in renal function.
Prevalence of Isthmic Lumbar Spondylolisthesis in Nondiabetic Subjects and NIDDM Patients
Authors: Lauri Virta, Tapani Rönnemaa, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of lumbar spondylolytic spondylolisthesis (LSS) in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross sectional study of 1,147 randomly selected nondiabetic subjects and 892 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, 45–64 years of age. LSS was diagnosed radiographically using a lateral view of the lumbosacral spine. RESULTS No significant difference was seen in the prevalence of LSS between nondiabetic (6.0%) and diabetic (5.7%) subjects. LSS was more frequent in nondiabetic men (7.7%) than in nondiabetic women (4.6%; P = 0.026), whereas diabetic patients showed no significant sex difference in the prevalence of LSS (men 5.6% and women 5.9%). CONCLUSIONS NIDDM does not predispose one to lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, diabetes seems to abolish the sex difference in the prevalence of LSS observed in nondiabetic populations.
Minimum alcohol price would target harmful drinkers, study shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Introducing a minimum price on a unit of alcohol would have little effect on moderate drinkers on low incomes but would effectively target high risk drinkers, a modelling study has shown.1

The finding is contrary to UK government claims that minimum pricing would penalise responsible drinkers on low incomes. In March 2012 the UK government published its alcohol strategy in which it pledged to introduce a minimum price on a unit of alcohol.2 However, in July last year it performed a U turn and withdrew that commitment.3 

A recent BMJ investigation showed that the government consultation was a sham …
Sippy Management of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: H. Ivan Sippy
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "Sippy management" of peptic ulcer, when properly conducted, does not require an excessive fat intake over a significant time period. Numerous recent articles alleging that this regimen results in dangerous elevation of serum lipids are based on misunderstanding of the treatment which they criticize. One example, "Serum Lipid and Fat Tolerance Determinations in Patients Receiving Sippy Diets," was published in the July 21 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181</b>:260). To be sure, the Sippy program gives an underweight patient 3 oz. of milk-cream mixture hourly each day, but for<i>3 weeks only</i>. Patients of average weight receive plain whole milk, obese patients receive skim milk. After this initial 3-week period, the required daily milk intake is only 18 oz. (hardly more than one pint each day) continuing through the remainder of the one year of treatment. If aware of this, the most zealous antagonist of cholesterol in
Cerebellar Long-Term Depression Requires PKC-Regulated Interactions between GluR2/3 and PDZ Domain–Containing Proteins
Authors: Jun Xia, Hee Jung Chung, Cornelia Wihler, Richard L Huganir, David J Linden
Journal: Neuron (2000)

Cerebellar LTD requires activation of PKC and is expressed, at least in part, as postsynaptic AMPA receptor internalization. Recently, it was shown that AMPA receptor internalization requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis and depends upon the carboxy-terminal region of GluR2/3. Phosphorylation of Ser-880 in this region by PKC differentially regulates the binding of the PDZ domain–containing proteins GRIP/ABP and PICK1. Peptides, corresponding to the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated GluR2 carboxy-terminal PDZ binding motif, were perfused in cerebellar Purkinje cells grown in culture. Both the dephospho form (which blocks binding of GRIP/ABP and PICK1) and the phospho form (which selectively blocks PICK1) attenuated LTD induction by glutamate/depolarization pairing, as did antibodies directed against the PDZ domain of PICK1. These findings indicate that expression of cerebellar LTD requires PKC-regulated interactions between the carboxy-terminal of GluR2/3 and PDZ domain–containing proteins.
Differentiating Dysplastic Nevi From Melanoma
Authors: S. Elizabeth Whitmore
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —In the informative article by Dr Tucker and colleagues, 1 it should be pointed out to clinicians that Figures C and D may be dysplastic nevi; however, particularly when other similar atypical-appearing nevi are not present in a given individual, the possible diagnosis of melanoma in situ or early invasive melanoma cannot be excluded without a biopsy.
The effect of 1-month thyme using in elite sportsmen on oxidant stress and anti-oxidant capacity
Authors: C Berkan Alpay, Serkan Hazar, Kadir Gokdemir, Nevin Atalay Guzel, Aymelek Gonenc, Bolkan Simsek
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The object of the study is to determine the effect of thyme loading during exercise at elite wrestlers on oxidant stress and anti-oxidant capacity. Totally 18 elite wrestlers were involved in the study. The wrestlers were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and placebo. The subjects were loaded 1 g dried thyme tea three times a day after meals during 35-day period. The blood samples were taken before and after loading thyme, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), melondialdehyde (MDA) and total sulphydryl group (RSH) were analysed. To evaluate the dates, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for in-group evaluation and Mann–Whitney U test was used for inter group evaluation and significance level α was set at 0.05. While there were no differences between groups before loading thyme, TAC values were found meaningfully increased after loading in experimental group (p&lt;0.05). However, the decrease in MDA values of the experimental group after loading thyme was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01). The decreases in RSH values of the experimental group were insignificant (p&gt;0.05). In the other hand experimental group decreasing of the MDA values and increasing of the TAC values were found statically significant compared with placebo groups (p&lt;0.05). But compared with two groups RSH values were statically insignificant. It was concluded that thyme loading increases enzymatic antioxidant capacity but does not have any effects on non-enzymatic antioxidant structures during exercise. However, thyme loading reduced oxidant stress in elite sportsmen.