tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Utility of DNA methylation markers for diagnosing cancer
Authors: Sohail A. Qureshi, Muhammed Umair Bashir, Ahmed Yaqinuddin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)

DNA methylation occurs at the CpG residues and serves as a powerful epigenetic mechanism that negatively regulates gene expression. This process is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases and occurs within “CpG islands” found in the promoter regions of >70% of human genes. Given the important role of DNA methylation in regulating gene expression, un-programmed changes in methylation patterns are expected to either silence or activate transcription of tumor suppressor genes (via hypermethylation) or oncogenes (via demethylation), respectively, and by doing so promote a disease state. In light of the fact that a number of different cancers are frequently associated with hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes together with the observation that tumor derived genomic DNAs are present in various body fluids including serum/plasma, urine, sputum and bronchial lavage, methylated DNA has shown tremendous promise to serve as a robust biomarker for detecting cancer. Over the last several years protocols for capturing small amounts of DNA in circulation have been developed. Once captured, DNA methylation may be readily monitored by restriction enzyme digestion or bisulfite conversion followed by amplification of the desired genomic region with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). New technologies which employ methyl-binding protein or antibodies that bind specifically to methylated-CpG residues have now enabled investigators to interrogate the status of entire “DNA methyome” of diseased tissue in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In this review, we describe the various tumor suppressor genes that are frequently hypermethylated in different cancers and how these and other methylated loci may be employed as clinically useful biomarkers for diagnosing cancer noninvasively using readily available body fluids.
Vaccine Liability in the Supreme Court
Authors: John D. Kraemer, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

ON FEBRUARY 22, 2011, THE US SUPREME COURT decided Bruesewitz v Wyeth LLC, holding that the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 (NCVIA) preempts all design defect claims against vaccine manufacturers in which the plaintiff seeks compensation for injury or death caused by a vaccine’s adverse effects. The public health implications are profound because Congress designed the NCVIA to safeguard a social compact—ensuring access to vaccines by preventing the uncertainty of litigation, while also ensuring vaccine safety and effectiveness.
"Independent Medical College" Mill.
Authors: L. G. North
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Tecumseh, Mich., Jan. 8, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I inclose you what purports to be a medical journal. It certainly is the rankest thing I ever saw. Is it not likely that it is the child of the Wisconsin Eclectic Medical College? You will notice that the editor is J. Armstong of Chicago. I have looked him up in Polk's Medical and Surgical Register of the United States, 1896, and find that he lives at 683 W. Van Buren St., but following his name is the little star that refers to the following note at the bottom of the page: "No report received in answer to inquiry regarding graduation." J. H. Randall, Ph.D., M.D., is given as associate editor, but his name does not appear at all in Polk's Register and I mistrust he is a myth. I am lead to this belief by comparing the name, with those given
Hunt "strained" the law to try to close Lewisham Hospital services, say judges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Jeremy Hunt, England’s health secretary, comprehensively failed in his attempt to persuade three Court of Appeal judges that he was acting lawfully in deciding last January to downgrade services at Lewisham Hospital in south London, the judges’ reasoning shows.

Hunt proposed to downgrade emergency and maternity services at Lewisham Hospital, after a package of recommendations by the special administrator appointed to a neighbouring trust, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, which was failing financially.

His decision was quashed by the High Court …
Long-Term Benefits of Short-Term Quality Improvement Interventions for Depressed Youths in Primary Care
Authors: Joan Rosenbaum Asarnow, Lisa H. Jaycox, Lingqi Tang, Naihua Duan, Anne P. LaBorde, Luis R. Zeledon, Martin Anderson, Pamela J. Murray, Christopher Landon, Margaret M. Rea, Kenneth B. Wells
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Quality improvement programs for depressed youths in primary care settings have been shown to improve 6-month clinical outcomes, but longer-term outcomes are unknown. The authors examined 6-, 12-, and 18-month outcomes of a primary care quality improvement intervention.Primary care patients 13-21 years of age with current depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to a 6-month quality improvement intervention (N=211) or to treatment as usual enhanced with provider training (N=207). The quality improvement intervention featured expert leader teams to oversee implementation of the intervention; clinical care managers trained in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression to support patient evaluation and treatment; and support for patient and provider choice of treatments.The quality improvement intervention, relative to enhanced treatment as usual, lowered the likelihood of severe depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score > or =24) at 6 months; a similar trend at 18 months was not statistically significant. Path analyses revealed a significant indirect intervention effect on long-term depression due to the initial intervention improvement at 6 months.In this randomized effectiveness trial of a primary care quality improvement intervention for depressed youths, the main effect of the intervention on outcomes was to decrease the likelihood of severe depression at the 6-month outcome assessment. These early intervention-related improvements conferred additional long-term protection through a favorable shift in illness course through 12 and 18 months.
Secretion of water and electrolytes into the duodenum in normal subjects and in patients with cirrhosis: The response to secretin and pancreozymin
Authors: L. A. Turnberg, G. Grahame
Journal: Gut (1974)

The increased volume of duodenal juice secreted by cirrhotic subjects in response to secretin was confirmed in 10 patients when their response was compared with that in eight normal subjects. This volume increase was associated with an increased sodium and chloride output while bicarbonate output was normal. The increment in volume of juice secreted by the cirrhotic patients was thus made up of an isotonic sodium chloride solution. The differences in anion concentrations and outputs are similar to reported changes produced in normal subjects given increasing doses of secretin. On the basis of these observations it is suggested that the increased output of duodenal juice in cirrhotic patients may be due to the infused secretin exerting a greater effect than in normals, possibly consequent upon an impaired secretin removal rate in the abnormal liver.
MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY FROM A GENERALIZED VIRAL INFECTION: MOUSEPOX
Authors: R. V. Blanden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The following passive transfer experiments evaluated the contributions of the various host responses in recovery from mousepox. (a) Immune spleen cells transferred highly efficient antiviral activity, but preinfected recipients of these cells made no detectable splenic interferon or antibody in the 24 hr interval after cell transfer. (b) Passively administered interferon was ineffective. (c) Recipients of hyperimmune serum had much more antibody than recipients of immune spleen cells but significantly less antiviral activity. (d) Immune spleen cell populations with antiviral activity contained mediators of CMI to virus antigens. (e) The antiviral activity of immune spleen cells was specific; it was inhibited by in vitro treatment with ATS, anti-light chain serum, and anti-theta ascitic fluid, but not by removal of mononuclear phagocytes from the immune population. These results are interpreted to mean that recovery mechanisms conferred by immune spleen cells were triggered by specifically sensitized, thymus-derived lymphocytes, and that antibody and interferon responses were of less importance. A radiosensitive recipient component was necessary for the full expression of the antiviral activity of both immune cells and immune serum. It seemed likely that this component was the blood monocyte.
How Narrow a Network Is Too Narrow?
Authors: Katherine Baicker, Helen Levy
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts reversible dysfunction and quantitates the extent of irreversibly damaged myocardium after reperfusion of anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Hirotaka Watada, Hiroshi Ito, Hidemasa Oh, Tohru Masuyama, Masahito Aburaya, Masatsugu Hori, Masaomi Iwakura, Yorihiko Higashino, Kenshi Fujii, Takazo Minamino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Haitian variant ctxB producing Vibrio cholerae OI with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is persistent in Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India, after causing a cholera outbreak
Authors: P. Kumar, D.K. Mishra, D.G. Deshmukh, M. Jain, A.M. Zade, K.V. Ingole, P.K. Yadava
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2013)
The Flowers Debate — Wellcome Centenary — England's Green and Pleasant Land
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

AS anticipated, there was vigorous debate in both the medical and the lay press about the radical proposals for the reorganization of medical education in London. As previously reported, 1 the working party, under the chairmanship of Lord Flowers, rector of Imperial College, recommended that by elimination of one medical school and amalgamation of others the number of undergraduate schools in London should be reduced from 12 to six. It was also proposed that each of the single-specialty institutes and their associated hospitals, which are so characteristic of postgraduate medical education in London, become linked to one of the new conglomerate . . .
Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary pathogen: a six year prospective survey.
Authors: L Pead, R Maskell, J Morris
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Over six years (1978-83, inclusive) weekly laboratory records of organisms causing urinary tract infection in women aged 15-25 not attending hospital were kept prospectively and analysed. The incidence of infection with Staphylococcus saprophyticus defined by age and sex was confirmed. This organism caused an increasing proportion of infections in young women over the six years studied, and these infections showed noticeable seasonality. All but four isolates of S saprophyticus were sensitive to all the commonly used antimicrobial agents that were tested. This might be because the organism is not often present in the body as a commensal and therefore not subject to the selection pressures exerted by such agents. As infection with S saprophyticus has different clinical connotations from infection with other coagulase negative staphylococci it should be differentiated from them in routine laboratory practice.
Abstract A74: Microparticles mediate cross-talk between tumoral and endothelial cells and promote the constitution of an angiocrine pro-metastatic niche through Arf6 up regulation
Authors: Jennifer Pasquier, Hamda Al. Thawadi, Nadine Abu Kaoud, Pegah Ghiabi, Mahtab Maleki, Bella S. Guerrouahen, Arash Rafii
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract During the past few years, evidences in the literature point out the crucial role of the microenvironment in tumor growth, resistance to therapy and occurrence of metastatic phenotype. Tumor vessels have been considered for a long time as passive conducts for nutriments but more recently several studies have also demonstrated secretion of pro-tumoral factors by endothelial cells. It seems therefore mandatory to clearly identify the mechanisms mediating cross-talk between tumor cells and endothelial cells. Here, we hypothetize that tumor cell and endothelium secrete bio-active microparticles (MPs) that are actively uptaken by the other cell type and that are participating to a functional cross-talk. We characterized the cancer cells MPs, using 2 cells lines from breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB231) and 2 from ovarian cancer (SKOV3, OVCAR3) and the endothelium secreted MPs using E4orf1-activated endothelium. Our data show that MPs from mesenchymal-like metastatic cell lines (MDA-MB231 and SKOV3) were able to promote an angiocrine switch of endothelial cells (activation of akt signaling) compared to MPs from epithelial-like cell lines (OVCAR3 and MCF7). The angiocrine switch increased Arf6 expression and functionalized an MP dependent vascular niche enhancing tumor cells pro-metastatic proprieties. We also show that angiocrine endothelial MPs enhanced tumor cells pro-metastatic proprieties and cancer stemness. All together we demonstrated that cancer cell derived MPs induced or sustain both an angiogenic but also an angiocrine switch of the endothelium. This has great implication in terms of tumor biology as indeed while the emphasis has mainly been on the angiogenic properties, the angiocrine pro-tumoral effect might be the cause for therapeutic resistance as well as residual and recurrent disease. Citation Format: Jennifer Pasquier, Hamda Al. Thawadi, Nadine Abu Kaoud, Pegah Ghiabi, Mahtab Maleki, Bella S. Guerrouahen, Arash Rafii. Microparticles mediate cross-talk between tumoral and endothelial cells and promote the constitution of an angiocrine pro-metastatic niche through Arf6 up regulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A74.
Not the way to settle disputes.
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The items for costing include the cost of installing a telephone line, converting the socket, and renting the line; the cost of renting an alarm and monitoring (local authorities may not charge but usually the charge ranges from £80 to £160 a year; commercial firms charge about £250 for the first year and £150 for subsequent years); and the costs of buying an alarm, which ranges from £170 to £320, and monitoring fees (local authorities or charities charge £10 to £70 a year and commercial firms charge £20 to £150 a year).Alarms are zero rated for value added tax if supplied to someone who is chronically sick or disabled.Details are obtainable from the local taxation office.
Copper-free azide–alkyne cycloaddition of targeting peptides to porous silicon nanoparticles for intracellular drug uptake
Authors: Chang-Fang Wang, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Martti H. Kaasalainen, Dongfei Liu, Mirkka P. Sarparanta, Anu J. Airaksinen, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Self-complementary AAVs Induce More Potent Transgene Product-specific Immune Responses Compared to a Single-stranded Genome
Authors: TeLang Wu, Katrin Töpfer, Shih-Wen Lin, Hua Li, Ang Bian, Xiang Y Zhou, Katherine A High, Hildegund CJ Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Using a mouse model we show that self-complementary (sc) adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors pseudotyped with capsids of serotypes 2, 7 or 8 induce more potent transgene product-specific CD8+ T cell and antibody responses compared to corresponding single-stranded (ss)AAV vectors. These data suggest that the higher and more rapidly appearing amounts of transgene product achieved with scAAV vectors may increase detrimental immune responses in gene transfer recipients. Using a mouse model we show that self-complementary (sc) adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors pseudotyped with capsids of serotypes 2, 7 or 8 induce more potent transgene product-specific CD8+ T cell and antibody responses compared to corresponding single-stranded (ss)AAV vectors. These data suggest that the higher and more rapidly appearing amounts of transgene product achieved with scAAV vectors may increase detrimental immune responses in gene transfer recipients.
OBSERVATIONS ON DOUBLE ALBUMIN. II. A PEPTIDE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO GENETICALLY DETERMINED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMINS*
Authors: David Gitlin, Karl Schmid, David P. Earle, Harry Givelber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

An unusual serum protein anomaly, the occurrence of two electrophoretically distinct albumins in the same serum, was recently reported by Knedel (2, 3) who observed the abnormality in eight members of two different families and termed the condition "double-albuminemia."A similar anomaly was found by Earle, Hutt, Schmid and Gitlin in 25 of 43 individuals in a single family (4, 5), and additional families with double-albu- minemia have been reported by others (6-10).In all of these studies it was clear that the albumin anomaly was transmitted genetically as an autosomal characteristic, the appearance of two serum albumins in the same individual being a manifestation of the heterozygous state.In the studies reported by Earle and co-workers, the two albumins proved to be immunochemically and ultracentrifugally indistinguishable from each other and from normal human serum albumin.Differential electrophoretic titration revealed that between pH 4.5 and 10, albumin A had a greater net negative charge than had albumin B, but at pH 3.5 and between pH 11.6 and 12.3 both albu- mins appeared to have the same electrophoretic mobility.The simplest explanation of the data suggested a substitution of either tyrosine, cysteine or lysine in albumin B for a carboxyl residue in albumin A. Albumin A in all respects appeared to be normal human serum albumin, while albumin B was definitely anomalous.In the study reported here, albumins A and B were hydrolyzed enzymatically and the resultant * Presented in part at the Society for Pediatric Research, May 3, 1960, Swampscott, Mass.(1).
[477] NATURAL HISTORY OF HEPATITIS B e ANTIGEN POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN ITALIAN PATIENTS: A 25 YEARS LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: G. Fattovich, N. Olivari, M. Pasino, S. Zanni, M. D'Onofrio, E. Martone, F. Donato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
802-2 Dobutamine versus levosimendan stress echocardiography for the prediction of recovery of left ventricular dyssynergies after revascularization
Authors: Georgios P Pavlakis, Konstantina P Bouki, Theodoros Kakavas, Kiriakos Poulopoulos, Athanasios Kotsakis, Valerios Foulidis, Takis Xidas, Evangelos Papasteriadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Screening pregnant women for genital herpes
Authors: O. Carney, A. Mindel
Journal: BMJ (1988)

neonate.Despite this group of patients theoretically being highly motivated to prevent the spread of the disease five of the 34 pregnancies were complicated by primary infection with the virus.This suggests that all men with genital herpes should be counselled about the need for screening pregnant consorts, and such couples should be advised either to abstain from sexual contact or to use barrier methods of protection from the third trimester until delivery.We recommend that all women with a history of genital infection with herpes simplex virus should be screened during pregnancy.I Prober CJ, Sullender WM, Yasukawa LL, Au DS, Yeager AS.Low risk of herpes simplex virus infections in neonates exposed to the virus at the time of vaginal delivery to mothers with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections.
1339 IL28B GENETIC VARIANTS AND GENDER ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS CLEARANCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: H.Y. Rao, D.G. Sun, D. Jiang, R.F. Yang, F. Guo, J.H. Wang, F. Liu, H.Y. Zhang, H.H. Zhang, S.C. Du, A.S. Lok, L. Wei
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis
Authors: John L. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA is an integral part of the multiple endocrine adenomatosis type II (MEA II) and has been reported in patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I (MEA I).<sup>1</sup>The clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma may not be suspected in these patients, since they are often normotensive and may have normal biochemical study results.<sup>2,3</sup>Yet the detection of pheochromocytoma in patients with MEA syndromes is important, since surgery for associated tumors may precipitate hypertensive crises.<sup>3</sup>Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality that can noninvasively detect adrenal tumors with a high degree of accuracy.<sup>4</sup>The purpose of this communication is to discuss the role of CT in the detection of pheochromocytoma in patients with MEA syndromes. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 38-year-old woman with a 17-year history of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma complained of a recent onset of pulsatile headaches. These episodes lasted two to three minutes
Delayed rectifier K currents have reduced amplitudes and altered kinetics in myocytes from infarcted canine ventricle
Authors: M Jiang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: The rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of delayed rectifier currents play an important role in determining the cardiac action potential configuration. Abnormalities in their function may contribute to arrhythmogenesis under pathological conditions. We studied the effects of myocardial infarction on IKr and IKs in canine ventricular myocytes and their molecular basis. Methods: Infarct zone myocytes (IZs) were isolated from a thin layer of surviving epicardium overlying an infarct 5 days after a total occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Normal myocytes (NZs) were isolated from the corresponding region of control hearts for comparison. Currents were recorded under the whole-cell patch clamp conditions. Results: Both IKr and IKs current densities were reduced in IZs versus NZs. Kinetic analysis further suggests an acceleration of IKr activation and IKs deactivation. RNase protection assays were used to quantify the mRNA levels of IKr and IKs channel subunits (dERG, dIsK and dKvLQT1) in tissue immediately adjacent to the region where myocytes were isolated. mRNA levels of all three subunits were reduced 2 days after LAD occlusion (by 48±9%, 68±5%, and 45±4% for dERG, dIsK and dKvLQT1, respectively, n = 8 each). By day 5, the dKvLQT1 message returned to control while those of dERG and dIsK remained reduced (by 52±7% and 76±6%, respectively). Conclusions: The decrease in IKr and IKs amplitudes and changes in their kinetics in infarcted tissue might be due to a decrease in functional channels and/or changes in their subunit composition. Heterogeneous changes in IKr and IKs in infarcted hearts may impact on the effects of varying heart rate or neurohumoral modulation on repolarization.