tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Let cost effectiveness models be open to scrutiny
Authors: Chris Poole, Samir Agrawal, Craig J Currie
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Brazil's market is unregulatedFarrell warns of the health implications of the unwelcome partnership between the alcohol industry and the health sector. 1 Brazil has one million selling points for alcohol in a population of 180 million.These points can sell alcohol at any time of day, to anybody, including minors.We have a very aggressive advertising strategy on television that reaches millions of children.In recent research on a random sample of drivers, 30% of them had alcohol in their blood.Brazil is by any account an unregulated market for alcohol, and the alcohol industry is trying to keep it that way.This lack of regulation contributes to the 10% increase in consumption each year.If that were not enough, the alcohol industry has approached health professionals to advocate a harm reduction approach as the best policy for tackling this problem in Brazil.
Synthetic fibronectin peptides suppress arthritis in rats by interrupting leukocyte adhesion and recruitment.
Authors: S M Wahl, J B Allen, K L Hines, T Imamichi, A M Wahl, L T Furcht, J B McCarthy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In an experimental model of arthritis, increased leukocyte adhesion is associated with the evolution of acute and chronic synovial inflammation. Whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from control animals bind minimally to fibronectin matrices, PBMC from animals receiving arthropathic doses of bacterial cell walls demonstrate increased integrin mRNA expression and enhanced adhesion. To determine whether this augmented adhesion was causal in the development of synovial pathology, peptides synthesized from several fibronectin domains which inhibited leukocyte adhesion in vitro were administered to arthritic animals either as free peptides or coupled to a carrier molecule. Not only were peptides containing either the RGD or CS-1 cell-binding domains inhibitory to chronic synovial pathology (articular index = 10.5 +/- 0.3 for untreated animals compared to 1.25 +/- 0.25 for RGD and 2.5 +/- 0.7 for CS-1), but three peptides synthesized from the carboxy-terminal 33-kD heparin-binding domain of fibronectin were also found to significantly inhibit leukocyte recruitment and the evolution of arthritis. Based on these data, which are the first to explore the therapeutic potential of heparin-binding fibronectin peptides in chronic inflammation, it appears that antagonism of cellular adhesion and recruitment by fibronectin peptides may provide an important mechanism for modulating the multi-step adhesion process and attenuating aberrant inflammatory responses.
Primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and arthritis.
Authors: T T Hansel, M R Haeney, R A Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Arthritis may be the first clinical manifestation of primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. In 16 years of 281 patients who had immunodeficiency, 30 had arthritis at presentation. It was more common in Bruton's disease (15 (22%) of 69 patients) than in other forms of immunodeficiency (15 (7%) of 212 patients). Non-septic arthritis was more prevalent than septic arthritis, particularly monoarticular arthritis in Bruton's disease and pauciarticular disease in common variable immunodeficiency. Boys in whom a diagnosis of Bruton's disease was delayed were likely to develop recurrent infections complicated by arthritis. The measurement of serum immunoglobulin concentrations readily differentiates immunodeficiency from conditions such as Still's disease and dictates subsequent management.
TCTAP A-020 Gender Difference in Short Term Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea
Authors: Deuk-Young Nah, Kwan Lee, Jun-Ho Bae, Jin-Wook Chung, Ji-Hyun Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Moo-Yong Rhee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Myung Ho Jeong, Young Jo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: C. C. Wang, Milford D. Schulz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

EWING'S sarcoma was first described by James Ewing in 1921.1 , 2 Since then a voluminous literature regarding this interesting disease has appeared. The pathogenesis, histology, clinical features, and roentgenographic appearance have been extensively studied.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The purpose of the present investigation is to analyze a group of patients treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1930 through 1952 inclusive.Fifty cases of histologically proved Ewing sarcoma form this group, 36 patients being treated by external radiation alone, 10 by radical surgery, and 4 by surgery followed by x-ray therapy. Of the 36 given radiation alone, 22 at the time of admission showed . . .
Upper Respiratory Tract Tuberculosis
Authors: JAY J. ROHWEDDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Sixteen patients (1.8%) with upper respiratory tract tuberculosis were identified among 843 admissions for tuberculosis. In 11 patients tuberculous laryngitis was present alone or in combination with tuberculosis of the epiglottis, pharynx, tonsils, or soft palate. The other five patients had tuberculous otitis media, tuberculous tonsillitis, and tuberculous ulcerations of the tongue and pharynx. In each patient smears of sputum concentrates were positive for acid-fast bacilli, and chest roentgenograms suggested active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the larynx was often misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the larynx in patients with hoarseness and weight loss. Helpful findings included productive cough, pulmonary rales, and the absence of cervical lymphadenopathy, which is commonly found in laryngeal carcinoma. Complications included tuberculous enteritis and upper-airway obstruction. Tuberculous laryngitis is the most infectious form of the disease; thorough physical examination and chest roentgenographic study should precede laryngoscopic examination of patients in whom tuberculosis may seem to be carcinoma of the larynx.
It's only rock‘n’roll
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The first retinal synapse, photoreceptor→bipolar cell (BC), is both anatomically and functionally complex. Within the same synaptic region, a change in presynaptic glutamate release is sensed by both ON BCs (DBCs) via the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), and OFF BCs (HBCs) via ionotropic glutamate receptors to establish parallel signaling pathways that preferentially encode light increments (ON) or decrements (OFF), respectively. The synaptic structural organization of ON and OFF-type BCs at the photoreceptor terminal differs. DBCs make an invaginating synapse that contains a diverse but incompletely understood complex of interacting proteins (signalplex). HBCs make primarily flat contacts that contain an apparent different set of proteins that is equally uncharacterized. LRIT3 is a synaptic protein known to be essential for ON pathway visual function. In both male and female mice, we demonstrate that LRIT3 interacts with and is required for expression of nyctalopin, and thus TRPM1 at all DBC dendritic tips, but DBC signalplex components are not required for LRIT3 expression. Using whole-cell and multielectrode array (MEA) electrophysiology and glutamate imaging, we demonstrate that the loss of LRIT3 impacts both ON and OFF signaling pathway function. Without LRIT3, excitatory input to type 1 BCs is reduced, as are the visually evoked responses of many OFF retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We conclude that the absence of LRIT3 expression disrupts excitatory input to OFF BCs and, thus disrupts the normal function of OFF RGCs.
Points: Generic prescribing
Authors: G P Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To find mutations in the recently identified additional exons of the <i>Krit1</i> gene that causes CCM1, a disease characterized by the formation of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). To determine the relative frequency with which <i>Krit1</i> mutations cause CCM as well as recharacterize the mutations reported in the literature. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-seven families and 11 apparently sporadic individuals affected with CCM were screened for mutations in the <i>Krit1</i> gene. The gene was screened by single stranded conformation polymorphism, and variants were sequenced. Familial segregation of the mutations was determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In familial samples, two new mutations in the novel upstream exons and six additional mutations in the previously identified exons were identified. No mutation was found in any of the sporadic individuals. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Results demonstrate that the frequency of mutations found in <i>Krit1</i> is 47% in the families studied and the frequency may increase as more mutations are detected. Mutations are evenly distributed in the gene and do not seem to be limited to structural domains present in Krit1. This is in accordance with the model that <i>Krit1</i> could be a tumor suppressor gene.
Plasma Uric Acid Concentrations Among Edinburgh Business Executives
Authors: Amechi Anumonye
Journal: JAMA (1969)

After assessing seven personality variables (achievement, orientation), surveying dietary habits, and studying the Gordon Personal Profile and Inventory of 100 executive level businessmen, we found that only "Drive" and "Range of Activities" showed a significant positive correlation with plasma uric acid levels. The sample group had a higher mean level of plasma uric acid than a group of controls. No positive correlation was shown between dietary intake and plasma uric acid levels. On the scales of the Gordon Profile and Inventory, the only significant finding was a negative correlation between plasma uric acid level and "Responsibility."
Health Care Overutilization in the United States—Reply
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Individualised low-dose alglucerase therapy for type 1 Gaucher's disease
Authors: C.E.M. Hollack, R. Goudsmith, M. Ek, A.E.R.Kr. von dem Borne, M.H.J. van Oers, J.M.F.G. Aerts, S. van Meely, S.S.K.S. Phoa
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Anti-CD86 (B7.2) Treatment Abolishes Allergic Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice
Authors: ANGELA HACZKU, KATSUYUKI TAKEDA, IMRE REDAI, ECKARD HAMELMANN, GREGORY CIESLEWICZ, ANTHONY JOETHAM, JOAN LOADER, JAMES J. LEE, CHARLES IRVIN, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Allergic sensitization in asthma develops as a consequence of complex interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. We have developed several in vivo models to study allergen-specific T cell and B cell function and their relevance to allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), focusing on the role of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Treatment of mice with anti-CD86, but not anti-CD80, significantly inhibited increased serum levels of ovalbumin (OA)-specific IgE and IgG1, airway eosinophilia, and AHR both after 10 d of OA aerosol exposure (in the absence of adjuvant) and after intraperitoneal sensitization followed by repeated airway challenges. Inhibition of AHR was associated with decreased IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the BAL fluid of sensitized mice, suggesting impaired Th2 function in anti-CD86-treated animals. This effect was not seen when mice received treatment only before allergen challenge, indicating that anti-CD86 acts through inhibition of allergic sensitization and not simply by inhibiting the influx of inflammatory cells. These data suggest that the CD86 costimulatory ligand plays a major role in the development of allergic inflammation and AHR in allergen-challenged mice. Further, this study demonstrates that T–B cell interactions during allergic sensitization are amenable to therapeutic manipulation and that selective blockade of accessory signals can be an effective means for modulating distinct T cell functions.
Human cord blood cells as targets for gene transfer: potential use in genetic therapies of severe combined immunodeficiency disease.
Authors: T Moritz, D C Keller, D A Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Human cord blood (CB) contains large numbers of both committed and primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells and has been shown to have the capacity to reconstitute the lympho-hematopoietic system in transplant protocols. To investigate the potential usefulness of CB stem and progenitor cell populations to deliver new genetic material into the blood and immune systems, we have transduced these cells using retroviral technology and compared the efficiency of gene transfer into CB cells with normal adult human bone marrow cells using a variety of infection protocols. Using two retroviral vectors which differ significantly in both recombinant viral titers and vector design, low density CB or adult bone marrow (ABM) cells were infected, and committed progenitor and more primitive hematopoietic cells were analyzed for gene expression by G418 drug resistance (G418r) of neophosphotransferase and protein analysis for murine adenosine deaminase (mADA). Standard methylcellulose progenitor assays were used to quantitate transduction efficiency of committed progenitor cells, and the long term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay was used to quantitate transduction efficiency of more primitive cells. Our results indicate that CB cells were more efficiently transduced via retroviral-mediated gene transfer as compared with ABM-derived cells. In addition, stable expression of the introduced gene sequences, including the ADA cDNA, was demonstrated in the progeny of infected LTC-ICs after 5 wk in long-term marrow cultures. Expression of the introduced ADA cDNA was higher than the endogenous human ADA gene in the LTC-IC-derived colonies examined. These studies demonstrate that CB progenitor and stem cells can be efficiently infected using retroviral vectors and suggest that CB cells may provide a suitable target population in gene transfer protocols for some genetic diseases.
Neurocognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents at the Time of Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis: Associations With Glycemic Control 1 Year After Diagnosis
Authors: David D. Schwartz, Marni E. Axelrad, Barbara J. Anderson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To determine whether impairments in neurocognitive functioning are detectable at type 1 diabetes diagnosis and associated with subsequent glycemic control.Children/adolescents (N = 147) aged 5-18 years completed neuropsychological testing during their inpatient hospitalization for new-onset type 1 diabetes. Test scores were compared with normative data using one-sample Student t tests. Children with onset before 8 years of age were compared with children aged 9-18 years using ANOVA, and associations between neurocognitive performance at diagnosis and glycemic control 1 year postdiagnosis were examined using regression analyses.Children with type 1 diabetes performed significantly below expectations on most neurocognitive measures (P values <0.0001), with large decrements from the normative mean evident in psychomotor speed (>1 SD), visuomotor integration (0.7 SD), and phonemic fluency (0.8 SD). High incidence of impairment (scores less than second percentile) was evident on all tasks except digit span. Dominant-hand psychomotor speed was significantly associated with poor glycemic control (A1C ≥9.5% [80 mmol/mol]; P = 0.032) 1 year postdiagnosis, controlling for race/ethnicity, sex, and reading ability. Impaired psychomotor speed was associated with a 0.77% increase in mean A1C (8.4 mmol/mol).Deficits were evident in neurocognitive functioning within days of diabetes diagnosis that were associated with diabetes outcomes over 1 year postdiagnosis. Impairment was most apparent in psychomotor speed, consistent with research implicating damage to posterior white matter tracts and associated gray matter regions in type 1 diabetes. Psychomotor impairment may be an early marker for a broader neurobehavioral vulnerability that has implications for long-term diabetes management.
Pacemaker-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Donald Lorentzen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PARASYMPATHETIC action in influencing electrophysiologic events in the ventricles has been debated. We report a case of ventricular tachycardia produced by a transvenous catheter pacemaker. The tachycardia was twice converted by left carotid massage, implying parasympathetic action in the ventricle.  Report of a Case  A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for pelvic laparotomy for an adnexal mass. She was also to have upperabdominal exploration at surgery and possible gastric surgery because of an abnormality on roentgenograms.  She had a history of mild hypertension and was being treated with methyldopa (250 mg twice daily) and a spironolactonehydrochlorothiazide combination (Aldactazide) twice daily.  During preoperative assessment, she had normal complete blood cell count (CBC), creatinine clearance, and serum electrolyte levels. However, her ECG showed intermittent sinus bradycardia, periods of sinus arrest with junctional escaped beats, and, at times, apparent 2:1 sinoatrial exit block.  No symptoms suggestive of bradycardia were reported, and
Priority in Splenic Blood Research.
Authors: B. B. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Omaha, Nov.16, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has just been called to an error made in my paper, "Indications for the Removal of the Pathologic Spleen," inThe Journal, Sept. 2, 1905. Through some inadvertence I stated that Arteage preceded Dr. Edward T. Williams (not Williamson), of Boston, in the demonstration of nucleated red blood corpuscles in animal spleens. I find that this was an error and that Dr. Williams deserves priority in this matter, having published articles in<i>American Medicine</i>, April 26, 1902, and Nov. 28, 1903, on this subject. <h3>A Hint for the Anesthetist.</h3> —When it is necessary for the anesthetist to hold the patient's jaw forward, he will obviate much subsequent soreness by exerting the pressure on only one side at a time.—<i>Medical Standard</i>.
Alteration of Endocrine Parameters in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer During Long-Term Adjuvant Therapy With Tamoxifen as the Single Agent
Authors: V. C. Jordan, N. F. Fritz, S. Langan-Fahey, M. Thompson, D. C. Tormey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Tamoxifen is used to treat selected patients at each stage of breast cancer. Although most clinical experience has been obtained with postmenopausal women, increasing numbers of premenopausal women will be treated with 5 or more years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy following surgery. Indeed, the proposed use of tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer in high-risk women could result in its extended use during the childbearing years. We have monitored the changes in circulating hormone levels from the ovary and pituitary gland in premenopausal (41-47 years old) women with stage I or II breast cancer during adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen as the single agent for 4-72 months following a mastectomy. Each patient (total eight) continued to menstruate, and ovulation occurred. Circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (except in one woman) remained in the normal range (determined in 12 regularly menstruating women in a control group). The levels of estradiol, estrone, and progesterone were elevated onefold to threefold. Prolactin levels decreased by 30%-40%, but the levels of sex hormone binding-globulin were unaffected. These data demonstrate that premenopausal women taking tamoxifen are potentially at risk for pregnancy and must be counseled about barrier contraception. Furthermore, the impact of many years of ovarian stimulation by tamoxifen must be evaluated, especially in women with node-negative disease or in healthy women in whom tamoxifen is used to prevent breast cancer.
Weekly versus basic smoking cessation support in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: P. Aveyard, K. Brown, C. Saunders, A. Alexander, E. Johnstone, M. R Munafo, M. Murphy
Journal: Thorax (2007)

There is insufficient and conflicting evidence about whether more intensive behavioural support is more effective than basic behavioural support for smoking cessation and whether primary care nurses can deliver effective behavioural support.A randomised controlled trial was performed in 26 UK general practices. 925 smokers of >or=10 cigarettes per day were randomly allocated to basic or weekly support. All participants were seen before quitting, telephoned around quit day, and seen 1 and 4 weeks after the initial appointment (basic support). Participants receiving weekly support had an additional telephone call at 10 days and 3 weeks after the initial appointment and an additional visit at 2 weeks to motivate adherence to nicotine replacement and renew quit attempts. 15 mg/16 h nicotine patches were given to all participants. The outcome was assessed by intention to treat analyses of the percentage confirmed sustained abstinence at 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks after quit day.Of the 469 and 456 participants in the basic and weekly arms, the numbers (%) who quit and the percentage difference were 105 (22.4%) vs 102 (22.4%), 0.1% (95% CI -5.3% to 5.5%) at 4 weeks, 66 (14.1%) vs 52 (11.4%), -2.6% (95% CI -6.9% to 1.7%) at 12 weeks, 50 (10.7%) vs 40 (8.8%), -1.9% (95% CI -5.7% to 2.0%) at 26 weeks and 36 (7.7%) vs 30 (6.6%), -1.1% (95% CI -4.4% to 2.3%) at 52 weeks.The absolute quit rates achieved are those expected from nicotine replacement alone, implying that neither basic nor weekly support were effective. Primary care smoking cessation treatment should provide pharmacotherapy with sufficient support only to ensure it is used appropriately, and those in need of support should be referred to specialists.