tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multifocal pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis
Authors: A M Nagar, H S. Teh, R N. Khoo, A C Morani, K Vrishni, J Raghuram
Journal: Thorax (2007)

Multifocal pneumocyte hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosisA 29-year-old woman, a known case of tuberous sclerosis, presented to our hospital with a 1-day history of multiple episodes of convulsions.This was associated with vague chest and abdominal pain.CT scans of the brain showed multiple calcific foci in the gray-white matter junctions and in the periventricular region.CT of the abdomen revealed liver hamartomas and renal angiomyolipoma.CT scans of the thorax showed multiple, tiny, randomly distributed, nodular densities of 3-10 mm in size and numerous miliary nodules 1-3 mm in both lung fields compatible with multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia.They were more predominant in the lung periphery and the upper lobes.Few tiny simple cysts were also noted.Plain chest radiographs revealed bilateral diffuse fine nodular opacities (figs 1 and 2).Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia is a recently described pulmonary manifestation of tuberous sclerosis.First described by Popper et al in 1991, there are only slightly more than 30 cases
Agencies remain in Guinea despite killings of health workers
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms contribute to excessive alcohol drinking and relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals. Among these symptoms, alcohol withdrawal promotes hyperalgesia, but the neurological underpinnings of this phenomenon are not known. Chronic alcohol exposure alters cell signaling in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the CeA is implicated in mediating alcohol dependence-related behaviors. The CeA projects to the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a region critical for descending pain modulation, and may have a role in alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia. Here, we tested the roles of 1) CeA projections to PAG, 2) CeA melanocortin signaling, and 3) PAG μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling in mediating thermal nociception and alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia in male Wistar rats. Our results demonstrate that alcohol dependence reduces GABAergic signaling from CeA terminals onto PAG neurons and alters the CeA melanocortin system, that CeA-PAG projections and CeA melanocortin signaling mediate alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia, and that MORs in PAG filter CeA effects on thermal nociception. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Hyperalgesia is commonly seen in individuals with AUD during periods of withdrawal, but the neurological underpinnings behind this phenomenon are not completely understood. Here, we tested whether alcohol dependence exerts its influence on pain modulation via effects on the limbic system. Using behavioral, optogenetic, electrophysiological, and molecular biological approaches, we demonstrate that CeA projections to PAG mediate thermal hyperalgesia in alcohol-dependent and alcohol-naïve rats. Using pharmacological approaches, we show that melanocortin receptor-4 signaling in CeA alters alcohol withdrawal hyperalgesia, but this effect is not mediated directly at synaptic inputs onto PAG-projecting CeA neurons. Overall, our findings support a role for limbic influence over the descending pain pathway and identify a potential therapeutic target for treating hyperalgesia in individuals with AUD.
Hyponatraemia following desmopressin.
Authors: W L Robson, A K Leung
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We evaluated the practicality of predicting phenytoin serum levels in an office practice. Once two phenytoin serum levels were obtained on two different dosage regimens, a table of future doses and predicted serum levels was calculated and plotted on a graph. Subsequent dosage adjustments resulted in serum levels that correlated well with predictions. In 7 of 10 patients, the predicted serum levels were within 2 pg per milliliter of the actual values. To improve compliance, the plot was used as a visual aid in patient education.
The Fetus and Maternal Steroid Therapy
Authors: J. LAWTON SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— I read with interest in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (230:1202, 1974) the note entitled What Risk to Fetus from Maternal Steroid Therapy. A 33-year-old woman had acute thyrotropic exophthalmos with euthyroidism in the fifth month of pregnancy. She required large doses of steroids to control her eye problem, and was given prednisone, 100 mg/day, orally. The question of risks to the fetus was raised, and the follow-up note reported that the patient did have a child who had hydrocephalus requiring surgery at 2 months of age.I should like to point out that this patient was an ideal candidate to have been treated with steroids administered in the sub-tenon space. A single injection of triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog), 40 mg/ml to both orbits, would have controlled her eye problem for two to six weeks, in my experience, and would have totally obviated the necessity for maintaining her
The health of indigenous peoples
Authors: M. H Durie
Journal: BMJ (2003)

When launching the international decade for the world's indigenous peoples in 1994, the president of the United Nations General Assembly warned of the dire circumstances facing indigenous peoples: “Their social structures and lifestyles have suffered the repercussions of modern development.”1 Although there is no single definition of indigenous peoples, an ancient relationship with a defined territory and ethnic distinctiveness are two distinguishing features. There are some 5000 indigenous groups with a total population of about 200 million, or around 4% of the global population.2

The 1999 Declaration on the Health and Survival of Indigenous Peoples by the World Health Organization proposed a definition of indigenous health: “Indigenous peoples' concept of health and survival is both a collective and an individual inter-generational continuum encompassing a holistic perspective incorporating four distinct shared dimensions of life. These dimensions are the spiritual, the intellectual, physical, and emotional. Linking these four fundamental dimensions, health and survival manifests itself on multiple levels where the past, present, and future co-exist simultaneously.”3

Although the standards of health of indigenous peoples show …
Pituitary Apoplexy in a Patient with Acromegaly
Authors: WILLIAM J. PIEPER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Case Reports1 September 1961Pituitary Apoplexy in a Patient with AcromegalyWILLIAM J. PIEPER, M.D., ROBERT J. RYAN, M.D.WILLIAM J. PIEPER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT J. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-55-3-478 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis case is presented as an instance of spontaneous destruction of the pituitary in a patient with acromegaly. Trophic hormone deficiencies were permanent and necessitated replacement therapy.CASE REPORTThe patient, a 43-year-old single white female, was admitted to the University of Illinois Research and Educational Hospitals Clinics in 1949 with the complaint of bilateral breast pain and nodularity. This was diagnosed as chronic cystic mastitis. Over the succeeding two years she was given several short trials of stilbestrol therapy.She was next seen in 1954 with the complaints of intermittent edema of the eyelids and lips, acneform rash on...References1. LIDDLEESTEPKINDALLWILLIAMSTOWNES GWHLJWWCAW: Clinical application of a new test of pituitary reserve. J. Clin. Endocr. 19: 875, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JEFFERSONROSENTHAL MFD: Spontaneous necrosis in pituitary tumors. Lancet 1: 342, 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. IRSIGLER FJ: Surgical emergencies related to the pituitary and neighboring areas. S. Afr. Med. J. 34: 10, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM J. PIEPER, M.D.; ROBERT J. RYAN, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, IllinoisReceived for publication September 16, 1960.From the Research and Educational Hospitals and the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Robert J. Ryan, M.D., Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 840 S. Wood Street, Chicago 12, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdrenal and Pituitary EmergenciesSpontaneous remission of acromegaly after pituitary apoplexy following head traumaPituitary Apoplexy 1 September 1961Volume 55, Issue 3Page: 478-481KeywordsAcromegalyAdrenocorticotropic hormoneEdemaHormone replacement therapyHospital medicineRashesStrokeThyroid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diagnosis of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
Authors: C. F. Brennan, E. Fletcher, J. Kyle
Journal: BMJ (1959)

We may say, therefore, that in the absence of local disease nose-bleeding is associated with high blood pressure.Summary Seventeen patients (4.5%) from a group of 374 with high blood pressure had bled from the nose, and in 8 of these this was the presenting symptom.It is likely that these findings are an underestimate of the true frequency of epistaxis in these patients.Attention is drawn to the occurrence of gut-bleeding, in the absence of discover- able gastro-intestinal disease, in this group.Thirty-two patients with nasal disease who were admitted to hospital because of nose-bleeding showed a normal distribution of age-and sex-adjusted diastolic scores.Eighty-nine patients without local nasal disease had an age-and sex-adjusted score distribution totally different from that of the general population.Nose-bleeding, in the absence of local nasal disease, is therefore associated with high blood pressure.I am grateful to Professor Sir Gcorge Pickering for advice and encouragement, .
TCT-299 Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Inflammation as Assessed by FDG PET-CT with Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manu Kaushik, Scott Degenhardt, Subhash Paknikar, Jyoti Ramachandran, Vimalkumar Veerappan Kandasamy, Atul Ramachandran, Alok Saurav, Venkata M. Alla, Syed M. Mohiuddin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical Profiles of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: David A. Mathison
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Asthma is a clinical syndrome reflecting a state of hyperreactivity of the bronchial airways. The diagnosis of asthma can be confirmed by spirometric measurement of bronchodilation after inhalation of isoproterenol hydrochloride or of bronchoconstriction after inhalation of methacholine. To manage asthmatic patients, one must recognize and treat or alter the factors that initiate, aggravate, and perpetuate the bronchospastic state. These can include immunologic reactions, infection, aspirin intolerance, isoproterenol abuse, irritant inhalation, exercise, atmospheric change, emotional upset, associated disease, or a combination of these factors.
STAT3 mutations indicate the presence of subclinical T-cell clones in a subset of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients
Authors: Andres Jerez, Michael J. Clemente, Hideki Makishima, Hanna Rajala, Ines Gómez-Seguí, Thomas Olson, Kathy McGraw, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Austin Kulasekararaj, Manuel Afable, Holleh D. Husseinzadeh, Naoko Hosono, Francis LeBlanc, Sonja Lagström, Dan Zhang, Pekka Ellonen, André Tichelli, Catherine Nissen, Alan E. Lichtin, Aleksandra Wodnar-Filipowicz, Ghulam J. Mufti, Alan F. List, Satu Mustjoki, Thomas P. Loughran, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Novel Submicron Formulation of Nebulized Budesonide Significantly Improves the Fine Particle Fraction of Drug Available for Inhalation From Various Jet Nebulizers Compared to a Marketed Budesonide Suspension
Authors: A.P. Bosco, M.C. Castillo, M.M. Luangvala
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Clinical Depression Versus Distress Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Not Just a Question of Semantics
Authors: Lawrence Fisher, Marilyn M. Skaff, Joseph T. Mullan, Patricia Arean, David Mohr, Umesh Masharani, Russell Glasgow, Grace Laurencin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Dr. Vale (1) suggests that the current definition of major depressive disorder is too heterogeneous and that there are many distinct depressive subtypes that manifest differently but that share a similar physiological profile. He argues that biological markers should be included in studies of disease-related psychosocial stress. We agree in principle that there are a variety of syndromes that include negative affect as a major component and that clinical depression presents in a variety of forms. We raise two issues with respect to Dr. Vale's thoughtful comments.

First, although we reported in our study that the prevalence of clinical depression, defined …
Is calcium a sensitive marker for coronary atherosclerosis? An intravascular ultrasound study of 1548 native arteries
Authors: Gary S. Mintz, Augusto D. Pichard, Jeffrey J. Popma, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Rainer Hoffman, Jennifer Griffin, David Kaufman, Susan Yeung, J. Hope Pacera, Chester Clark, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Investigating the Relationship Between Genome Structure, Composition, and Ecology in Prokaryotes
Authors: Pietro Liò
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Our thesis is that the DNA composition and structure of genomes are selected in part by mutation bias (GC pressure) and in part by ecology. To illustrate this point, we compare and contrast the oligonucleotide composition and the mosaic structure in 36 complete genomes and in 27 long genomic sequences from archaea and eubacteria. We report the following findings (1) High-GC-content genomes show a large underrepresentation of short distances between G(n) and C(n) homopolymers with respect to distances between A(n) and T(n) homopolymers; we discuss selection versus mutation bias hypotheses. (2) The oligonucleotide compositions of the genomes of Neisseria (meningitidis and gonorrhoea), Helicobacter pylori and Rhodobacter capsulatus are more biased than the other sequenced genomes. (3) The genomes of free-living species or nonchronic pathogens show more mosaic-like structure than genomes of chronic pathogens or intracellular symbionts. (4) Genome mosaicity of intracellular parasites has a maximum corresponding to the average gene length; in the genomes of free-living and nonchronic pathogens the maximum occurs at larger length scales. This suggests that free-living species can incorporate large pieces of DNA from the environment, whereas for intracellular parasites there are recombination events between homologous genes. We discuss the consequences in terms of evolution of genome size. (5) Intracellular symbionts and obligate pathogens show small, but not zero, amount of chromosome mosaicity, suggesting that recombination events occur in these species.
Cardiovascular effects of exposure to air pollution
Authors: S. Hales, R. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Causal pathways of toxicity may depend on the duration of exposure

High energy physics experiments attempt to re-create conditions immediately after the big bang, by searching back in time for evidence of elusive short lived particles. The linked study by Bhaskaran and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d5531) reports findings from a case crossover analysis of very short term effects of air pollution on myocardial infarction in England and Wales. This state of the art analysis tests the epidemiological (as opposed to physical) limits of detection.1

The effects of air pollution on death and morbidity from cardiorespiratory disease on daily and longer time scales are now well established.2 The largest effects are seen after years or decades of chronic exposure, as shown by cohort studies.3 However, such studies are logistically demanding, requiring high quality data on spatial patterns of exposure and long follow-up of large populations or linkage of routinely collected datasets.4 For this reason, most epidemiological studies have analysed the acute effects of air pollution, using daily time series of exposure to air pollution and health outcomes available from routinely collected data. …
THE ANTIBODY MECHANISMS OF RAGWEED ALLERGY. ELECTROPHORETIC AND CHEMICAL STUDIES
Authors: Robert A. Cooke, Arthur E. O. Menzel, Walter R. Kessler, Phyllis A. Myers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Three human serums containing artificially produced blocking antibody against low ragweed allergen were studied for the possibility of relating blocking antibody to electrophoretically definable components. An adaptation of the qualitative passive transfer test to quantitative interpretation is described, methods and procedures are given and uncertainties and possible errors due to lack of precision and accuracy are presented and discussed. At least 65 per cent, but probably more, if not all of the blocking antibody is attributable to gamma globulin. However, no rise of gamma globulin, either its absolute amount or its relative percentage value, paralleled the appearance of blocking antibody. Blocking antibody is not contained in albumin or in alpha-1 globulin. Blocking effect could not be ascertained unequivocally as being connected with alpha-2 or with beta globulin and sizable participation of these two latter electrophoretic components appears improbable. Blocking antibody and sensitizing antibody appear to be chemically different entities.
The perception-action interaction comes first
Authors: Ludovic Marin, Julien Lagarde
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Dijkerman &amp; de Haan (D&amp;dH) study perception and action as two independent processes. However, in all daily activities the processes are completely intertwined, so it is difficult to separate one from the other. Humans perceive in order to move and also move in order to perceive. Understanding first how perception and action are coordinated, leads us then to determine how each component works independently.
Laughter Lowered the Increase in Postprandial Blood Glucose
Authors: Keiko Hayashi, Takashi Hayashi, Shizuko Iwanaga, Koichi Kawai, Hitoshi Ishii, Shin’ichi Shoji, Kazuo Murakami
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Results from a population-based survey Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic proficiency of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-III definitions (1,2) for the metabolic syndrome in a Mexican nationwide, population-based survey.Details of the sampling procedures have been previously described (3).The population was composed of 2,158 men and women aged 20 -69 years sampled after a 9-to 12-h fasting period.For the WHO criteria, insulin resistance was diagnosed if a nondiabetic case had fasting insulin concentrations Ն126 pmol/l (21 U/ml) (Ͼ75th percentile in Mexican adults).The ageadjusted prevalence was 13.61% for the WHO criteria (n ϭ 268) and 26.6% for the NCEP-III definition (n ϭ 574).After excluding patients with diabetes, the prevalence was 9.2 and 21.4%, respectively.The agreement between the definitions was assessed in 1,969 subjects; 189 cases were eliminated due to the lack of a urine sample.The number of abnormal cases was lower using the WHO criteria.Only 237 of the 545 subjects (43.4%) who fulfilled the NCEP criteria were diagnosed as affected using the WHO definition.Just 16 of 253 cases (6.3%) detected by the WHO definition did not fulfill the NCEP definition.The agreement between the criteria was moderate ( ϭ 0.507).On the other hand, the subjects diagnosed using the WHO recommendations had a worse profile than the cases detected by the NCEP-III definition only-they had a higher BMI and higher non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations.The demonstration of insulin resistance among the nondiabetic population caused the lack of agreement in 202 of the 242 cases that fulfilled the NCEP definition but failed the WHO criteria.Other reasons for disparity were the higher thresholds used by the WHO criteria; these differences explained the lack of agreement in 66 of the 152 cases with diabetes.In conclusion, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is influenced by the selection of the diagnostic criteria.The WHO criteria identified a lower number of cases than the NCEP-III definition.These differences were explained mainly by the inclusion of abnormally high insulin concentrations as a diagnostic criterion.However, the presence of insulin resistance may help to identify patients more severely affected (4).
1032-132 An analysis of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and persisting New York heart association class III symptoms during long-term follow-up after septal ablation
Authors: Dirk Welge, Lothar Faber, Hubert Seggewiss, Dieter Fassbender, Dieter Horstkotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Teriparatide or Alendronate in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Kenneth G. Saag, Elizabeth Shane, Steven Boonen, Fernando Marín, David W. Donley, Kathleen A. Taylor, Gail P. Dalsky, Robert Marcus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Bisphosphonate therapy is the current standard of care for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Studies of anabolic therapy in patients who are receiving long-term glucocorticoids and are at high risk for fracture are lacking.In an 18-month randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, we compared teriparatide with alendronate in 428 women and men with osteoporosis (ages, 22 to 89 years) who had received glucocorticoids for at least 3 months (prednisone equivalent, 5 mg daily or more). A total of 214 patients received 20 microg of teriparatide once daily, and 214 received 10 mg of alendronate once daily. The primary outcome was the change in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. Secondary outcomes included changes in bone mineral density at the total hip and in markers of bone turnover, the time to changes in bone mineral density, the incidence of fractures, and safety.At the last measurement, the mean (+/-SE) bone mineral density at the lumbar spine had increased more in the teriparatide group than in the alendronate group (7.2+/-0.7% vs. 3.4+/-0.7%, P<0.001). A significant difference between the groups was reached by 6 months (P<0.001). At 12 months, bone mineral density at the total hip had increased more in the teriparatide group. Fewer new vertebral fractures occurred in the teriparatide group than in the alendronate group (0.6% vs. 6.1%, P=0.004); the incidence of nonvertebral fractures was similar in the two groups (5.6% vs. 3.7%, P=0.36). Significantly more patients in the teriparatide group had at least one elevated measure of serum calcium.Among patients with osteoporosis who were at high risk for fracture, bone mineral density increased more in patients receiving teriparatide than in those receiving alendronate. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00051558 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Pseudohypoparathyroidism: The Molecular Basis for Hormone Resistance — A Retrospective
Authors: A. M. Spiegel, M. A. Levine, S. J. Marx, G. D. Aurbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Fuller Albright coined the term "pseudohypoparathyroidism" to describe hypoparathyroidism caused by target-organ resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone, as opposed to a simple deficiency of the hormone.1 The resistance to parathyroid hormone in pseudohypoparathyroidism Type I is thought to be due to a defect in the hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase complex, since patients with this disorder do not have the brisk rise in urinary cyclic AMP excretion that normally follows administration of parathyroid hormone.2 (Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type II is a much rarer disorder in which the urinary cyclic AMP response is normal but the phosphaturic response is defective.3) These were . . .