tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sexual Dimorphism in the Control of Growth Hormone Secretion*
Authors: JOHN-OLOV JANSSON, STAFFAN EDÉN, OLLE ISAKSSON
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

THE CLASSICAL CONCEPT of neuroendocrine control of the pituitary as proposed by Harris stipulates that the endocrine functions of the anterior pituitary are controlled by hypothalamic releasing factors or release-inhibiting factors. It was postulated that these factors are present in hypothalamic neurons which project into the median eminence (ME) of the basal hypothalamus and end in contact with the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal vessels (1). It has subsequently been shown that growth hormone (GH) secretion is regulated by both stimulatory and inhibitory factors of hypothalamic origin. Like other anterior pituitary hormones, GH is secreted episodically. In all mammalian species so far studied spontaneous episodes of GH secretion occur several times over a 24-h period (2–8). Particularly in the adult male rat there is a striking regularity in the GH pulses which occur at 3- to 4-h intervals and reach levels of several hundred ng/ml.
Molecular basis of subtotal complement C6 deficiency. A carboxy-terminally truncated but functionally active C6.
Authors: R Würzner, M J Hobart, B A Fernie, D Mewar, P C Potter, A Orren, P J Lachmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Individuals with subtotal complement C6 deficiency possess a C6 molecule that is 14% shorter than normal C6 and present in low but detectable concentrations (1-2% of the normal mean). We now show that this dysmorphic C6 is bactericidally active and lacks an epitope that was mapped to the most carboxy-terminal part of C6 using C6 cDNA fragments expressed as fusion proteins in the pUEX expression system. We thus predicted that the abnormal C6 molecule might be carboxy-terminally truncated and sought a mutation in an area approximately 14% from the carboxy-terminal end of the coding sequence. By sequencing PCR-amplified products from this region, we found, in three individuals from two families, a mutation that might plausibly be responsible for the defect. All three have an abnormal 5' splice donor site of intron 15, which would probably prevent splicing. An in-frame stop codon is found 17 codons downstream from the intron boundary, which would lead to a truncated polypeptide 13.5% smaller than normal C6. This result was unexpected, as earlier studies mapped the C5b binding site, or a putative enzymatic region, to this part of C6. Interestingly, all three subjects were probably heterozygous for both subtotal C6 and complete C6 deficiency.
Competing Imperatives in Residency Programs
Authors: Gregory A. Plotnikoff
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluorescent bile acid derivatives: Relationship between chemical structure and hepatic and intestinal transport in the rat
Authors: F Holzinger, C D Schteingart, H Ton-Nu, S A Eming, M J Monte, L R Hagey, A F Hofmann
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Studies were performed to characterize hepatic and intestinal transport, as well as biotransformation during transport, of a spectrum of fluorescent bile acids containing a fluorophore attached to the side chain. The following two classes of compounds were studied: (1) aminofluorescein (amF) coupled directly to the carboxylic group of a bile acid which was cholic, ursodeoxycholic, or cholylglycine; and (2) nitrobenzoxadiazolyl (NBD) coupled to the η-amino group of a lysine conjugated bile acid, which was cholic or ursodeoxycholic. Fluorescein, a cholephilic organic anion, was studied as a control. Fluorescent bile acids were synthesized and their structures confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Using the biliary fistula rat, hepatic transport, biotransformation, and choleretic activity were defined; intestinal absorption was assessed by jejunal or ileal perfusion studies. All fluorescent bile acids had hepatic transport maxima about one-sixth that reported for cholyltaurine, but derivatives of cholylglycine were transported best. Bile acids underwent little (&lt;5%) biotransformation during hepatocyte transport. Only the amF conjugate of cholylglycine had normal choleretic activity; other compounds were hypocholeretic or cholestatic. In contrast, fluorescein was well transported, was partly glucuronidated, and had normal choleretic activity. NBD-tagged, but not amF-tagged, bile acids were actively transported by the intestine (ileum &gt; jejunum), and no fluorescent bile acid had passive intestinal permeability; NBD-tagged bile acids were biotransformed during intestinal transport (jejunum &gt; ileum). We conclude that the structure of the fluorophore as well as that of the bile acid influences transport by the hepatocyte and enterocyte. These fluorescent bile acids differ from fluorescein in being impermeable to cell membranes and undergoing little biotransformation during hepatocyte transport. Of these fluorescent bile acids, cholylglycylamF has hepatocyte transport and choleretic properties most closely resembling those of a natural bile acid.
Modified end‐point glycerol hemolysis assay as a screening test for hereditary spherocytosis that requires no venipuncture
Authors: Luba Judkiewicz, Andrzej Szczepanek, Irena Bugała, Grzegorz Bartosz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

The high specificity of the "pink test" for the detection of hereditary spherocytosis has been confirmed. A modification of the test is proposed that requires only 10 microliter of blood taken without anticoagulant (a "direct pink test"), thus eliminating the necessity of venipuncture, especially cumbersome in newborns and infants.
Serum Interleukin 13 (IL-13) and Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Expression Is Differentially Associated With Disease Status In Pediatric Asthma Patients
Authors: Vasiliki Gemou-Engesaeth, N. Laliotou, Chris J. Corrigan, George P. Chrousos, Angela Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A Controlled Trial on the Effects of Patient Education in the Treatment of Insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: Timo Korhonen, Jussi K Huttunen, Antti Aro, Maija Hentinen, Olli Ihalainen, Heleena Majander, Onni Siitonen, Matti Uusitupa, Kalevi Pyörälä
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The effect of patient education on diabetic control in insulin-treated diabetic adults was studied in 77 subjects randomized into two groups: intensive patient education (group A) and control (group B). The subjects in group A received intensive patient instruction, both individually and in small groups, from a team of physicians, teaching nurses, and a dietitian. The patients in group B received a short instruction course consisting mainly of printed material. A highly significant improvement in diabetic control was observed in both groups immediately after the education programs, with gradual return to the original level during the following 3–6 mo. No difference was observed between the two groups in any of the measured parameters during the 18-mo investigation. Factors related to good control during the study included the length of school education, the quality of the control at the beginning of the study, and the high degree of self-confidence and lack of signs of anxiety in the psychological tests. The results demonstrate that the effects of educational programs are of limited value if they do not lead to permanent changes in attitudes and motivation, which are critical factors affecting long-term diabetic control.
Can infant lung function predict respiratory morbidity during the first year of life in preterm infants?
Authors: Elena Proietti, Thomas Riedel, Oliver Fuchs, Isabelle Pramana, Florian Singer, Anne Schmidt, Claudia Kuehni, Philipp Latzin, Urs Frey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Compared with term-born infants, preterm infants have increased respiratory morbidity in the first year of life. We investigated whether lung function tests performed near term predict subsequent respiratory morbidity during the first year of life and compared this to standard clinical parameters in preterms. The prospective birth cohort included randomly selected preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lung function (tidal breathing and multiple-breath washout) was measured at 44 weeks post-menstrual age during natural sleep. We assessed respiratory morbidity (wheeze, hospitalisation, inhalation and home oxygen therapy) after 1 year using a standardised questionnaire. We first assessed the association between lung function and subsequent respiratory morbidity. Secondly, we compared the predictive power of standard clinical predictors with and without lung function data. In 166 preterm infants, tidal volume, time to peak tidal expiratory flow/expiratory time ratio and respiratory rate were significantly associated with subsequent wheeze. In comparison with standard clinical predictors, lung function did not improve the prediction of later respiratory morbidity in an individual child. Although associated with later wheeze, noninvasive infant lung function shows large physiological variability and does not add to clinically relevant risk prediction for subsequent respiratory morbidity in an individual preterm.
Identification of Nogo-66 Receptor (NgR) and Homologous Genes in Fish
Authors: Michael Klinger, John S. Taylor, Thomas Oertle, Martin E. Schwab, Claudia A. O. Stuermer, Heike Diekmann
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

The Nogo-66 receptor NgR has been implicated in the mediation of inhibitory effects of central nervous system (CNS) myelin on axon growth in the adult mammalian CNS. NgR binds to several myelin-associated ligands (Nogo-66, myelin associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein), which, among other inhibitory proteins, impair axonal regeneration in the CNS of adult mammals. In contrast to mammals, severed axons readily regenerate in the fish CNS. Nevertheless, fish axons are repelled by mammalian oligodendrocytes in vitro. Therefore, the identification of fish NgR homologs is a crucial step towards understanding NgR functions in vertebrate systems competent of CNS regeneration. Here, we report the discovery of four zebrafish (Danio rerio) and five fugu (Takifugu rubripes) NgR homologs. Synteny between fish and human, comparable intron-exon structures, and phylogenetic analyses provide convincing evidence that the true fish orthologs were identified. The topology of the phylogenetic trees shows that the extra fish genes were produced by duplication events that occurred in ray-finned fishes before the divergence of the zebrafish and pufferfish lineages. Expression of zebrafish NgR homologs was detected relatively early in development and prominently in the adult brain, suggesting functions in axon growth, guidance, or plasticity.
Pathology of the Cardiac Conduction System in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Thomas N. James
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

HEMOCHROMATOSIS is a disease of excessive iron storage leading to fibrosis and other tissue damage in many organs of the body. It has long been known that one of the organs frequently involved is the heart and that heart block and atrial arrhythmias are common manifestations of cardiac. involvement.1 Since the histologic changes due to hemochromatosis are easily recognized this clinicopathological study was undertaken to ascertain if such changes were present in the conduction system of the heart.Five patients with hemochromatosis were studied. Each during life had had either an arrhythmia or heart block. At autopsy each heart was . . .
Japan's Dark Side to Progress: The Struggle for Justice for Pharmaceutical Victims of Japan's Post War Economic Boom
Authors: Bert Spilker
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To order, use international money certificate only (available at post offices), made out to: Manbousha Tokyo 3,-415386. Publisher's telephone number and address are011-8143-258-6420; Manbousha Publications Ltd, Chiba City, Hanamigawaku, Sakushindai, Japan. Chloroquine's antimalarial activity was discovered in 1945, and it is still a component of therapy in nonresistant malaria. Retinopathy was not seen in malaria patients who took chloroquine for a limited period. However, a few years after physicians began using it in 1957 for long-term treatment of patients with arthritis and lupus erythematosus, reports began to appear of patients developing irreversible retinopathy that often progressed to blindness, even if the medicine was discontinued. Within a relatively short period, the antiinflammatory uses of chloroquine disappeared from the package inserts as indications for treatment in the United States, and warning letters were sent by the US manufacturer to physicians. This did not happen in Japan. In Japan, an open-label study of
Do conventional radiotherapy fields irradiate the regional lymphatics correctly in patients with breast cancer?.
Authors: A Haydaroglu, O Karakoyun-Celik, S Hoca, Y Bolukbasi, N Olacak
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5147 Purpose: In this study, we compared the 3-Dimentional Conformal Radiotherapy (Method I) and conventional radiotherapy (Method II) plans of patients who receive loco-regional irradiation for breast cancer. Two methods were analyzed statistically with DVH's.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning in the supine treatment position and axial images with slice thickness of 5 mm were obtained. The patients were virtually treated and a total dose of 50 Gy with 2 Gy/fraction was prescribed to the PTV using 6 MV photon beams. In Method I, breast or chest wall volumes, axillary levels (AL) I, II and III and supraclavicular lymph node (SC) volumes delineated and then radiotherapy fields, tangents, SC and posterior axillary boost (PAB) were developed according to each patients own anatomy. The depth for SC lymph nodes was measured from the isocenter of SC field, for AL's II and III lymph nodes from the isocenter of PAB field in each patient. In Method II, conventional radiotherapy fields which include standard tangents, SC and PAB fields were developed on DRR images for each patient. Dose prescribed to a tissue depth of 3 cm for SC, to the midaxillary depth for PAB field. Analyses were done using composite plans of tangents, SC and PAB fields of each method. The volumes of AL's II and III out of PAB field were identified, and the dose distributions were assessed from the DVH's of the contoured volumes.&amp;#x2028; Results: The mean depth of midaxillary level was 7.75 cm (6.5-8.5). In Method I, the maximum mean depths for AL II and III were 6.5 and 5.3 respectively; both two levels were anterior to the midaxillary level. The mean depth of SC lymph nodes was 4.6 cm (3.3-8.6) that is more that 3 cm. In Method II, the mean volume percentage received 50 Gy was lower than Method I. This was due to SC depth, majority of the patients had more that 3 cm SC depth. Mean 50 Gy volume was 98 % in Method I, where as 65% in Method II (p=0.00001). In Method II, a part of AL II lymph nodes were out of PAB field in 9 (36%) patients and a part of AL III lymph nodes were out of PAB field in 18 (72%) patients.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Both SC and AL's II and III lymph node depths were presented a wide variety. Additionally, AL II and III lymph nodes were out of PAB fields in a significant number of patient's Method II plans. According to this study, the mean depth of SC lymph nodes was deeper than 3 cm and AL II and III lymph nodes were anterior to the midaxillary depth. For this reasons, SC lymph nodes received less than prescribed 50 Gy. Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy, delineating regional lymph nodes is more effective in achieving better dose and nodal volume coverage than that of the conventional radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5147.
Mapping Common Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Carlos Blanco, Robert F. Krueger, Deborah S. Hasin, Shang-Min Liu, Shuai Wang, Bradley T. Kerridge, Tulshi Saha, Mark Olfson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2012)

CONTEXT Clinical experience and factor analytic studies suggest that some psychiatric disorders may be more closely related to one another, as indicated by the frequency of their co-occurrence, which may have etiologic and treatment implications. OBJECTIVE To construct a virtual space of common psychiatric disorders, spanned by factors reflecting major psychopathologic dimensions, and locate psychiatric disorders in that space, as well as to examine whether the location of disorders at baseline predicts the prevalence and incidence of disorders at 3-year follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A total of 34 653 individuals participated in waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The distance between disorders at wave 1, calculated using the loadings of the factors spanning the space of disorders as coordinates. This distance was correlated with the adjusted odds ratios for age, sex, and race/ethnicity of the prevalence and incidence of Axis I disorders in wave 2, with the aim of determining whether smaller distances between disorders at wave 1 predicts higher disorder prevalence and incidence at wave 2. RESULTS A model with 3 correlated factors provided an excellent fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.008) for the structure of common psychiatric disorders and was used to span the space of disorders. Distances ranged from 0.070 (between drug abuse and alcohol dependence) to 1.032 (between drug abuse and dysthymia). The correlation of distance between disorders in wave 1 with adjusted odds ratios of prevalence in wave 2 was -0.56. The correlation of distance in wave 1 with adjusted odds ratios of incidence in wave 2 was -0.57. CONCLUSIONS Mapping psychiatric disorders can be used to quantify the distances among disorders. Proximity in turn can be used to predict prospectively the incidence and prevalence of Axis I disorders.
Abstract 3237: XRay structure of human glutaminase in complex with BPTES and analysis of BPTES-resistant mutants
Authors: Byron Delabarre, Jonathan Hurov, Stefan Gross
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glutaminase (GLS1/2) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamine to L-glutamate and ammonia. A splice variant of GLS1 (GAC) is elevated in certain cancers and is specifically inhibited by bis-2-(5-phenylacetimido-1,2,4, thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES). We describe here the first full length crystal structure of GAC both in the presence and absence of BPTES molecules. Two BPTES molecules bind at a interface region of the GAC tetramer in a manner which appears to lock the GAC tetramer into a non-productive conformation. The importance of these loops with regards to overall enzymatic activity of the tetramer was revealed by a series of GAC point mutants designed to create a BPTES resistant GAC. An unintended but nonetheless interesting transfer of phosphate activation activity was observed upon inserting key residues from GLS-2 into GLS-1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3237. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3237
964 A NOVEL BIOMARKER FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS DEPENDENT CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A. Deguchi, M. Higashi, K. Tnabe, Y. Uchimura, T. Yoshimura, S. Kuriyma, Y. Suzuki, T. Masaki, K. Ikenaka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Management of Post-Term Pregnancy
Authors: Mortimer G. Rosen, Janet C. Dickinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

WHEN pregnancy is prolonged beyond 42 weeks of gestation, perinatal mortality increases. The nadir of perinatal mortality, 7 per 1000 live births, is at a weight of about 3500 g and a gestational age of 39 weeks. At 41 weeks of gestation the rate is 9 per 1000 live births, and it continues to rise thereafter.1 Post-term pregnancies are those that exceed 42 weeks; about 10 percent of pregnancies are post-term.2 In contrast to post-term fetuses, a postmature fetus is defined as one who has outgrown the ability of the placenta to supply oxygen and nutrients and is at risk . . .
Utility of point of care cotinine test during pregnancy
Authors: G. F Cope
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many cytokine receptors exist naturally as both membrane-bound and soluble forms. Whereas the membrane receptors have an obvious role in signal transduction, the putative immunoregulatory role played by the soluble receptors remains unclear. Although natural forms of soluble IL-4R (sIL-4R) are known to be present in the biologic fluids of normal mice, the mechanisms regulating the production of sIL-4R have not been characterized. In this study, we have developed an ELISA that allows the measurement of sIL-4R without interference from endogenous IL-4, and have analyzed the effect of cellular activation and several cytokines on the secretion of sIL-4R by murine splenic cells. Although normal spleen cells in culture produced low, but detectable levels of sIL-4R under basal conditions, stimulation with the T cell-mitogens, Con A or soluble anti-CD3 antibodies, caused a 10- to 40-fold increase in the production of sIL-4R. Stimulation of B lymphocytes with LPS, however, did not result in significant up-regulation of sIL-4R secretion. Moreover, IL-4, but not other cytokines, was also a potent inducer of sIL-4R production by spleen cells, even in the absence of other stimuli. Blocking experiments with an anti-IL-4 antibody, 11B11, demonstrated that the effect of T cell-mitogens is partially mediated by endogenously produced IL-4. Cell depletion experiments suggested that although the effect of T cell-mitogens was dependent on the presence of viable T cells, all major cell types including T cells, B cells, and macrophages, either resting or activated, were able to up-regulate their secretion of sIL-4R in response to IL-4. Unlike many activities of IL-4, the secretion of sIL-4R by IL-4-stimulated splenic cells was not antagonized by IFN-gamma. These results suggest that the production of sIL-4R is regulated by stimuli leading to T cell activation and IL-4 secretion and are consistent with sIL-4R having an important role in the regulation of IL-4 activity in vivo.