tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatal episodes in medical history
Authors: B. Boettcher
Journal: BMJ (1998)

When I read about the deaths of children as a result of paediatric cardiac surgery in Bristol I was reminded of the deaths of patients from so called “deep sleep” in the Chelmsford Private Hospital in Sydney. Deep sleep was toxic coma for two to eight weeks in patients with intractable psychiatric conditions; about 40 deaths were associated with the treatment. The 1990 Royal Commission into Deep Sleep credited me with being the person who stopped the treatment.

> It is simply a respect for truth and human life and being unwilling to tolerate injustice

Both events involved several powerful medical men who were beyond reproach and prominent in the medical world. Not even the increasing number of deaths worried them or their colleagues, who made various rationalisations to explain the “unfortunate” luck of these …
The War on Drugs: Time to Relocate the Battlefield?
Authors: Eric A. Voth
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The Medical News & Perspectives articles 1 addressed some controversial but important issues regarding drug use and legalization. It is important to note that the first major efforts to legalize drugs appeared in the early 1970s initiated by the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML). Members of NORML later formed other drug-culture organizations such as the Drug Policy Foundation with the intent of diffusing attention on legalization and broadening legalization efforts. The Drug Policy Foundation remains one of the most outspoken legalization proponents, and its leadership is frequently quoted in the press, including the recent JAMA articles.  The drug culture has asserted that thousands of chemotherapy patients, glaucoma sufferers, and those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome would benefit from access to smoked marijuana as medicine. The toxic effects of smoked marijuana far outweigh the alleged benefits. Mostly anecdotal reports are used to support the
Abreast of Titulology
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Why are editors so fastidious about titles of manuscripts? Clearly, a title is not just a name, even when it is an eponym. It should have some logical link with the manuscript's topic. If the title is, in fact, eponymic, the name is usually that of the discoverer of the disease (Parkinsonism, Paget disease) under discussion. Occasionally, the name is that of a patient in whom the discussed disease was first observed (Hartnup disease, Christmas disease) or that of a fictional or mythical person who evokes some of its features (Persephone syndrome, Munchausen disease) or that of a geographic location in which the disease was first observed (Oroya fever, St Louis encephalitis). The link between topic and title should be even closer when the latter is descriptive. A descriptive title, however, poses the challenge of space. It must be informative, yet brief—an ofttimes unattainable goal. Hence the prevailing temptation to
Molecular Biology Research Offers New Weapons Against Cancer
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

INSIGHTS gained by cancer researchers in the 1980s have set the stage for the development of radically new cancer treatments, says John Laszlo, MD, senior vice president for research for the American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Ga. Speaking at the society's 32nd Science Writers' Seminar in Daytona Beach, Fla, Laszlo predicted the appearance of therapies that are based on novel ways to destroy tumors or to prevent their growth and spread. "Up to now there have been no significant new treatments for cancer as a result of new molecular biology, but that promises to change during the 1990s," he says. Among the speakers at the 4-day seminar were researchers who described several novel therapies that are already undergoing or are close to clinical trials. For example, James W. Dennis, PhD, and colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have identified a molecular structure on the surface of cancer cells they believe
Comparative Study of Formula Processing for Obstetric Nurseries
Authors: Joseph C. Merriam, C. G. Tedeschi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

OUTBREAKS of diarrhea of the newborn in hospital nurseries have in recent years caused a great deal of needed emphasis on improving the technic of nursery care and of formula preparation. To study this entire problem the American Academy of Pediatrics set up a committee on the fetus and newborn infant, and this committee has in turn created subcommittees in various states.The committee for Massachusetts1 made specific recommendation taken from the New York Sanitary Code for the guidance of hospitals in formula preparation. This recommendation is as follows:Formulae and other fluids offered to newborn infants in hospitals or . . .
THE SUPRATONSILLAR FOSSA AND PERITONSILLITIS
Authors: D. R. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1908)

<h3>Background</h3> Multiple recent studies and randomized controlled trails have advocated mechanical thrombectomy (MT) as a front line management for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) strokes. There is very limited information as to how prior use of antiplatelet (APT) drug affects the outcomes in these patients. In this study we sought to evaluate the association of prior use of APT drug and outcomes after MT in ELVO patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients with ELVO treated with MT during a 3 year period were evaluated. ELVO patients identified as being on any antiplatelet drugs versus not on any prior to MT. Standard safety (symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) and effectiveness outcomes [complete recanalization, time to recanalization, and favorable outcome (defined as mRS of 0–2 at 3 months)] were compared in both groups. Complete recanalization was defined as TICI score of 2b or 3. <h3>Results</h3> We evaluated 217 consecutive ELVO patients (mean age 62±18, male 49.8% and median NIHSS 16 (IQR 12–21) who underwent MT. A total of 146 patients (67.3%) were not on prior anti platelets. Prior use of APT medications was reported in 71 patients [aspirin: 56 patients (25.8%], Plavix: 2 patients (1%), Aspirin and Plavix: 12 patients (5.5%) and Aggrenox: 1 patient (0.5%)]. The ELVO group with prior use of APT medication had higher rates of successful recanalization [79% vs 63%, p=0.028] compared to the group without prior APT use. The ELVO group with prior APT use did not differ significantly in terms of groin puncture to recanalization time [minute, median (IQR); 51 (32–67) vs 48 (38–80), p=0.390], rates of favorable outcome [OR: 1.41, 95% CI: (0.63–3.15), p=0.403], and rates of sICH (p&gt;0.1) compared to the group without prior APT use. In multivariable analyses, prior use of APT drug was independently associated with higher rates of successful recanalization (OR: 2.40; 95% CI (1.06–5.46), p=0.036) after adjusting for potential confounders. Further subgroup analyses on ELVO patients with prior use of single vs dual APT drug did not show any difference in safety or efficacy outcomes (p&gt;0.0.1) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Prior use of APT drug is associated with higher rates of successful recanalization in ELVO patients after MT, however no difference in rates of sICH or functional outcome was noted. Larger studies are needed to further evaluate the role of prior treatment with APT drug in ELVO patients treated with MT. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>A. Pandhi:</b> None. <b>R. Krishnan:</b> None. <b>K. Dillard:</b> None. <b>M. Ishfaq:</b> None. <b>S. Singh:</b> None. <b>D. Hoit:</b> None. <b>A. Arthur:</b> None. <b>G. Tsivgoulis:</b> None. <b>A. Alexandrov:</b> None. <b>L. Elijovich:</b> None. <b>N. Goyal:</b> None.
Mental health problems of homeless children and families: longitudinal study
Authors: P. Vostanis, E. Grattan, S. Cumella
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To establish the mental health needs of homeless children and families before and after rehousing. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional, longitudinal study. <b>Setting:</b> City of Birmingham. <b>Subjects:</b> 58 rehoused families with 103 children aged 2-16 years and 21 comparison families of low socioeconomic status in stable housing, with 54 children. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Children9s mental health problems and level of communication; mothers9 mental health problems and social support one year after rehousing. <b>Results:</b> Mental health problems remained significantly higher in rehoused mothers and their children than in the comparison group (mothers 26% <i>v</i> 5%, P=0.04; children 39% <i>v</i> 11%, P=0.0003). Homeless mothers continued to have significantly less social support at follow up. Mothers with a history of abuse and poor social integration were more likely to have children with persistent mental health problems. <b>Conclusions:</b> Homeless families have a high level of complex needs that cannot be met by conventional health services and arrangements. Local strategies for rapid rehousing into permanent accommodation, effective social support and health care for parents and children, and protection from violence and intimidation should be developed and implemented. <h3>Key messages</h3> Homeless children and their mothers have a high level of mental health problems Homeless families experience many risk factors, such as domestic violence, abuse, and family and social disruption In two fifths of children and a quarter of mothers, mental health problems persisted after rehousing In contrast with a comparison group of families of low socioeconomic status, a substantial proportion of homeless families remained residentially and socially unstable
mother's view
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Elisabeth's mother with the support of Rita Sharma 

As an anaesthetist, the skewed population that I see professionally could lead me to misinterpret symptoms in myself or my family and leap to conclusions about their cause. I find it particularly difficult to decide when to seek medical advice for my daughter.

When she was first unwell we thought it was just another viral illness caught from nursery. Thefrequency (once or twice a month) of her rashes, temperatures, or episodes of conjunctivitis meantthat their main implication had become the stressful decision about who would have to take a day off work, letting down either several classes of children or an operating …
Cardiovascular and Sympathetic Effects of Nitric Oxide Inhibition at Rest and During Static Exercise in Humans
Authors: Reza Owlya, Laurent Vollenweider, Lionel Trueb, Claudio Sartori, Mattia Lepori, Pascal Nicod, Urs Scherrer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates vascular tone and blood pressure, and studies in animals suggest that it does so, at least in part, by modulating sympathetic neural outflow. Loss of NO-induced vasodilator tone and restraint on sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow could lead to exaggerated vasoconstrictor and pressor responses to physical stress in humans.To determine the role of NO in the modulation of central sympathetic outflow and vascular tone at rest and during a physical stress, we tested effects of systemic inhibition of NO synthase by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) infusion (a stereospecific inhibitor of NO synthase) on sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography), regional vascular resistance, and blood pressure at rest and during static handgrip. The major new findings are that (1) under resting conditions, L-NMMA infusion, which increased mean arterial pressure by approximately 10%, did not have any detectable effect on muscle sympathetic nerve activity, whereas a similar increase in arterial pressure evoked by phenylephrine infusion (an NO-independent vasoconstrictor) decreased the rate of sympathetic nerve firing by approximately 50%; (2) during static handgrip, the exercise-induced sympathetic nerve responses were preserved during L-NMMA infusion but markedly attenuated during phenylephrine infusion; and (3) the L-NMMA-induced loss of vasodilator tone did not result in exaggerated exercise-induced pressor and calf vasoconstrictor responses.These findings indicate that NO is involved in the central regulation of sympathetic outflow in humans and suggest that both neuronal and endothelial NO synthesis may contribute to the regulation of vasomotor tone.
Membranous Glomerulonephritis and Steroids
Authors: MARK LOONEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Membranous Glomerulonephritis and SteroidsMARK LOONEYMARK LOONEYSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-782_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am confused about the conclusion reached by Gluck and co-workers in their recent article "Membranous Glomerulonephritis" (Ann Intern Med 78:1-12, 1973) concerning the value of steroids in the treatment of membranous glomerulonephritis. They state, "we conclude that steroid therapy does not affect the frequency of remissions. . . . Nonetheless, in our experience the temporal relationship between the occurrence of remission and the administration of corticoid therapy in an occasional patient suggests that this therapy is effective in some instances." If corticoid therapy is effective in some instances, then it must affect the frequency of remission....References1. POLLAK V, ROSEN S, and PIRANI C: Natural history of lipoid nephrosis and of membranous glomerulonephritis. Ann Intern Med 69:1171-1196, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FORLAND M and SPARGO B: Clinicopathological correlations in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with membranous nephropathy. Nephron 6:498-525, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. EHRENREICH T and CHURG J: Pathology of membranous nephropathy. Pathol Annu 3:145-186, 1968 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARK LOONEYAffiliations: School of Medicine University of California San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 782-782KeywordsGlomerulonephritisSteroid therapySteroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EFFECTS OF LIPOTROPIC FACTORS ON PHOSPHOLIPIDE TURNOVER IN THE PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER, AS INDICATED BY RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS 1
Authors: W. E. Cornatzer, David Cayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

1-Before treatment.2-After two months of treatment with methionine (3 Gm./day).3-After four months of treatment with methionine (3 Gm./day).t Expressed in relative radioactive units (r.r.u.), the total dose injected being equal to the per cent of the dose of Pa injected X 100 found in the phospholipides.)
Pre operative assessment enables the early detection and treatment of shoulder impairments related to breast cancer treatment.
Authors: NL Stout Gergich, E Levy, B Springer, L Pfalzer, C McGarvey, L Gerber, P Soballe
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4091 Background: Early detection and management of impairments and limb dysfunction after breast cancer treatment contribute to more successful functional outcomes. Health care providers should be encouraged to provide a pre-operative screening visit to ascertain the patient's baseline physical function measures. Patients should then be followed prospectively at regular intervals during and after treatment for early identification of impairments and to provide intervention while the functional limitations are minimal, thereby preventing long term loss of function.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study (n=196) with interval follow up over one year assessed the effects of an early identification and intervention model of physical therapy care on women after breast cancer treatment. Measurement of upper extremity (UE) function included; active range of motion (ROM), strength, and limb volume as measured by the optoelectronic volumeter (Perometer®), and self-reported physical activity disability. Individuals were seen for an initial visit prior to surgical treatment and followed-up at approximately one month post-operatively and at three month intervals thereafter, up to 18 months. Patients received a general home exercise program pre-operatively and instructed to initiate at 2 weeks post op. If impairments were identified at any of the follow up visits, physical therapy intervention was prescribed.&amp;#x2028; Results: A significant decrease in active shoulder ROM was noted at one month post-op as compared to baseline measurement in 102 patients. This significance resolved at the 12+ month follow up visit. Loss of shoulder ROM correlated with other UE treatment related morbidities including; axillary web syndrome, seroma and pain.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Incidence of upper extremity morbidity after breast cancer treatment is documented as high as 70%. This study clearly demonstrates the potential for substantial reduction in UE dysfunction related to breast cancer treatment when using an early identification and intervention model. Many morbidities such as pain, reduced range of motion, decreased strength and sub-clinical lymphedema can be detected early and managed with minimal, cost-effective intervention. Additional research is needed to assess ways of maintaining this cost effective model of care in the long-term. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4091.
NSAIDs,<i>Helicobacter pylori,</i>and Pandora's Box
Authors: David Y. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Widespread use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among the elderly has resulted in a large population of persons at risk for ulcer complications. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were introduced with the hope that they would not cause gastrointestinal complications. However, it is not clear that this has been the case, and now that the dust has settled somewhat, it is possible to take a dispassionate look at the problem.1,2 In this issue of the Journal, Chan et al.3 report a randomized comparison of celecoxib and diclofenac plus omeprazole among patients in Hong Kong who had previously had bleeding from . . .
Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets
Authors: Mark A. Feitelson, Alla Arzumanyan, Rob J. Kulathinal, Stacy W. Blain, Randall F. Holcombe, Jamal Mahajna, Maria Marino, Maria L. Martinez-Chantar, Roman Nawroth, Isidro Sanchez-Garcia, Dipali Sharma, Neeraj K. Saxena, Neetu Singh, Panagiotis J. Vlachostergios, Shanchun Guo, Kanya Honoki, Hiromasa Fujii, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, Alan Bilsland, Amedeo Amedei, Elena Niccolai, Amr Amin, S. Salman Ashraf, Chandra S. Boosani, Gunjan Guha, Maria Rosa Ciriolo, Katia Aquilano, Sophie Chen, Sulma I. Mohammed, Asfar S. Azmi, Dipita Bhakta, Dorota Halicka, W. Nicol Keith, Somaira Nowsheen
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2015)

Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
Ask Me If I Cleaned My Hands
Authors: Suzanne C. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High frequency of parvovirus B19 in patients tested for rheumatoid factor
Authors: P Jobanputra, F Davidson, S Graham, H O'Neill, P Simmonds, P L Yap
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Symptomatic adult parvovirus B19 infection typically causes a brief arthritis, often with a rash. Persistent symptoms may occur,1 and B19 has been linked with many rheumatic diseases. Virus specific IgM is detectable for about three months after infection, leaving a narrow window in which to make a diagnosis when chronic symptoms arise. Since blood samples from patients with musculoskeletal disease are frequently tested for rheumatoid factor we sought B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction in such samples in order to identify any relation between chronic symptoms and parvovirus infection.

Remaining serum from 503 consecutive samples submitted for a rheumatoid factor test was collected prospectively between December 1992 and February 1993. Samples from blood donors (348) and from inpatients requiring blood transfusions (333), also collected during these months, served as controls. Clinical data were obtained retrospectively from records. B19 DNA was …
A PROGNOSTIC PROTEOMIC BIOMARKER ALGORITHM FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A KAISER PERMANENTE - ORENTREICH FOUNDATION NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDY.
Authors: Carlos Iribarren, Charles P. Quesenberry, Evangelos Hytopoulos, Bruce H. Phelps, Edward R. McCluskey, WuXiong Li, Huang Huang, Jeanne A. Darbinian, Norman Orentreich, Joseph Vogelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)