tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alendronate and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Steven R. Cummings, Ann V. Schwartz, Dennis M. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: In this issue of the Journal, Black et al.1 report on a significant increase in the risk of serious atrial-fibrillation adverse events (defined as events resulting in hospitalization or disability or judged to be life-threatening) associated with once-yearly infusions of intravenous zoledronic acid for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, there was no increased risk of all adverse events of atrial fibrillation with such infusions. We reviewed the results of the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT), a randomized study of alendronate sponsored by Merck, which involved 6459 postmenopausal women (mean age, 69 years).2,3 The . . .
Cumulative funnel plots for the early detection of interoperator variation: retrospective database analysis of observed versus predicted results of percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Babu Kunadian, Joel Dunning, Anthony P Roberts, Robert Morley, Darragh Twomey, James A Hall, Andrew G C Sutton, Robert A Wright, Douglas F Muir, Mark A de Belder
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To use funnel plots and cumulative funnel plots to compare in-hospital outcome data for operators undertaking percutaneous coronary interventions with predicted results derived from a validated risk score to allow for early detection of variation in performance. <b>Design</b> Analysis of prospectively collected data. <b>Setting</b> Tertiary centre NHS hospital in the north east of England. <b>Participants</b> Five cardiologists carrying out percutaneous coronary interventions between January 2003 and December 2006. <b>Main outcome measures</b> In-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (in-hospital death, Q wave myocardial infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and cerebrovascular accident) analysed against the logistic north west quality improvement programme predicted risk, for each operator. Results are displayed as funnel plots summarising overall performance for each operator and cumulative funnel plots for an individual operator's performance on a case series basis. <b>Results</b> The funnel plots for 5198 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions showed an average observed rate for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events of 1.96% overall. This was below the predicted risk of 2.06% by the logistic north west quality improvement programme risk score. Rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events for all operators were within the 3σ upper control limit of 2.75% and 2σ upper warning limit of 2.49%. <b>Conclusion</b> The overall in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events rates were under the predicted event rate. In-hospital rates after percutaneous coronary intervention procedure can be monitored successfully using funnel and cumulative funnel plots with 3σ control limits to display and publish each operator's outcomes. The upper warning limit (2σ control limit) could be used for internal monitoring. The main advantage of these charts is their transparency, as they show observed and predicted events separately. By this approach individual operators can monitor their own performance, using the predicted risk for their patients but in a way that is compatible with benchmarking to colleagues, encapsulated by the funnel plot. This methodology is applicable regardless of variations in individual operator case volume and case mix.
Somatic Oxidative Bioenergetics Transitions into Pluripotency-Dependent Glycolysis to Facilitate Nuclear Reprogramming
Authors: Clifford D.L. Folmes, Timothy J. Nelson, Almudena Martinez-Fernandez, D. Kent Arrell, Jelena Zlatkovic Lindor, Petras P. Dzeja, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Carmen Perez-Terzic, Andre Terzic
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Age‐dependent changes in contractile function and passive elastic properties of myocardium from mice lacking muscle LIM protein (MLP)
Authors: Bernhard Unsöld, Hanna Schotola, Claudius Jacobshagen, Tim Seidler, Samuel Sossalla, Julius Emons, Stefanie Klede, Ralph Knöll, Kaomei Guan, Ali El‐Armouche, Wolfgang A. Linke, Harald Kögler, Gerd Hasenfuss
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Neurohumoral blood pressure regulation in lead exposure.
Authors: P Boscolo, M Carmignani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Previous human studies demonstrated that lead exposure may modify the metabolism of catecholamines and of hormones controlled by the hypothalamo-pituitary axis and may affect the kallikrein-kinin system. This paper reports unpublished data on the plasma renin activity of lead-exposed workers; these results are in agreement with those of previous human and experimental studies suggesting that the synthesis or release of renin is increased after short and moderate exposure to inorganic lead and reduced whenever the exposure is prolonged. Previous experimental investigations demonstrated that lead may act on the cardiovascular system, with effects on the renin-angiotensin system, on the reactivity to stimulation of peripheral catecholaminergic receptors, on sympathetic and vagal tone, and on reactivity to the stimulation of baroreceptors. This paper reports the results of a study on male Sprague-Dawley rats that received 0, 15, 30, and 60 micrograms/mL of lead in drinking water for 18 months. Blood pressure was increased in the rats receiving 30 and 60 ppm of lead; cardiac inotropism was augmented only in those receiving the higher dose of the metal, and heart rate was not modified. Cardiovascular responses to agonists indicated that lead exposure affects the renin-angiotensin system and induces sympathetic hyperactivity by acting on central and peripheral sympathetic junctions increasing the responsiveness to stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors and by increasing the reactivity to stimulation of cardiac and vascular beta-adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. The cAMP-dependent availability of Ca2+ for contractile mechanisms of the cardiovascular muscle cells was affected by lead.
The medicinal use of water in renal disease
Authors: Connie J. Wang, Jared J. Grantham, James B. Wetmore
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Although water is essential for life, its use for medicinal purposes is not universally accepted. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to determine where the evolving state of knowledge lies regarding the benefits of water as a therapy for renal diseases. In the past two decades, water has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent in nephrolithiasis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in particular. In nephrolithiasis, the benefit of drinking water beyond that demanded by thirst is a cornerstone of therapy for both primary and secondary disease. In CKD, recent observational studies suggest a strong, direct association between preservation of renal function and fluid intake. In PKD, increased water intake slows renal cyst growth in animals via direct vasopressin suppression, and pharmacologic blockade of renal vasopressin-V2 receptors has recently been shown to be efficacious in retarding cyst growth in PKD patients. Although evidence is lacking to support increased water intake in the general population, available evidence indicates that individuals who are at risk for nephrolithiasis as well as those with CKD and PKD may benefit from 3 to 4 l of urine output each day, a level of excretion that is likely to be safe.
Reply: The Importance of Determining the Reason for Intensive Care Unit Delirium
Authors: John P. Kress, Shruti B. Patel, Jesse B. Hall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Pandharipande and colleagues and Ely raise several important issues in their letters in response to Patel and colleagues (1) on rapidly reversible, sedation-related delirium.Both point out that from all patients with positive Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) (indicating "delirium"; 87 of 97 or 89.7%), the proportion of those who became CAM-ICU negative after 2-hour sedation stop was small (12 of 97 or 12.4%), resulting in 75 of 97 (77%) patients with either mixed or persistent delirium.Five patients out of 102 (4.9%) were in a coma and hence not analyzed.The authors warn us not to take sedation-related delirium lightly.So is it good news or bad news that not all "deliriums" are the same?Delirium is certainly a relevant problem in ICU patients, but diagnosing it is controversial.Some experts question the scales based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders categories to diagnose ICU delirium (2), and sedation is a recognized confounder (2, 3).Unfortunately, almost all ICU delirium research has been done without considering the role of sedation at all and therefore appears to be seriously flawed.In fact, Ely and colleagues until recently rejected the concept that sedation-related positive CAM-ICU or "delirium" is any less dangerous than other forms of delirium (4).Now that Patel and colleagues provided the evidence that "delirium" resolving after sedation stop is indeed different from persisting positive CAM-ICU (1), the consequences should be considered.Most of the reported associations of specific drugs or positive CAM-ICU with outcome(s) should be considered in the context of sedation without sedation stops.How common rapidly reversible, sedationrelated delirium was in previous studies is unclear.Haenggi and colleagues (3) found that 20% of patients remained moderately sedated after 2-hour sedation stop, and 19% of ever CAM-ICU-positive patients were so only when remaining at Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale 22 to 23 despite sedation stop.Patel and colleagues (1) found that 28.9% of CAM-ICU-positive assessments reverted to normal during sedation stop.Prolonging the sedation stops may well have increased CAM-ICU-negative assessments.
Physiological Observations on Tarahumara Runners—the Modern Spartans.
Authors: Dale Groom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Physiological Observations on Tarahumara Runners—the Modern Spartans.Dale Groom, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Steelquist, M.D., Joseph A. Llaguno, S.J.Dale Groom, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John Steelquist, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph A. Llaguno, S.J.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1076_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecently, increasing attention has been directed to the effects of physical conditioning, of strenuous exertion, and of altitude on the cardiovascular system. The following pilot study was based on the precept that observation of extreme degrees of these factors may contribute to our knowledge of their physiologic consequences.The Tarahumara Indians, a relatively small and little-known tribe living in an isolated region of mountains of northwest Mexico, have traditionally had as their national sport kick-ball races, running continuously distances of up to 100 miles and more. Trained from early childhood, they acquire amazing physical endurance competing in this marathon of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dale Groom, M.D., F.A.C.P.; John Steelquist, M.D.; Joseph A. Llaguno, S.J.Affiliations: Charleston, South Carolina; San Diego, California Sisoquichi, Chihuahua Mexico PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1076-1077KeywordsPilot studiesRacial and ethnic issuesRunningSports ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Recent Advances in the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Authors: Michael L Adler, Richard J Robbins
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1998)

Modern imaging techniques have made adrenal incidentaloma a relatively common diagnostic problem. When an incidental adrenal mass is found, the clinician must try to determine its etiology and functionality, and the likelihood of malignancy. This task is complicated further in patients with a history of extra-adrenal malignancy. In this article, we present a review of the literature and propose a diagnostic algorithm for management of adrenal incidentalomas.
Abstract P2-11-17: L-dex ratio in detecting and diagnosing breast cancer-related lymphedema: Reliability, sensitivity, and specificity
Authors: MR Fu, CM Cleland, AA Guth, M Kayal, J Haber, F Cartwright, R Kleinman, Y Kang, J Scagliola, D Axelrod
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: It remains a great challenge to accurately diagnose breast cancer-related lymphedema. Advances in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) permit the assessment of lymphedema by directly measuring lymph fluid changes. Despite its value in assessing lymphedema, the use of BIA in clinical settings is still very limited. In part, this may be due to anecdotal complaints from clinicians about BIA's ability to identify true case of lymphedema in the clinical settings using L-Dex ratio &amp;gt;+10 as the cutoff point for lymphedema diagnosis. This may also be due to lack of large clinical data to support the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of using L-Dex ratio. The objective of the study was to examine the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of BIA in a clinical setting. Methods: BIA was used to measure lymph fluid changes. Data were collected from 250 women, including healthy female adults, breast cancer survivors with lymphedema, and those at risk for lymphedema. Reliability, sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve were estimated. Results: BIA ratio, as indicated by L-Dex ratio, was highly reliable among healthy women (ICC = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.99 - 0.99), survivors at-risk for lymphedema (ICC = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.99 - 0.99), and all women (ICC = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.81 - 0.87); reliability was acceptable for survivors with lymphedema (ICC = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.80). The L-Dex ratio with a diagnostic cutoff of &amp;gt;+7.1 discriminated between at-risk breast cancer survivors and those with lymphedema with 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity (AUC = 0.86). Conclusion: The L-Dex ratio may have a role in clinical practice despite its cost to add confidence in the diagnosis of arm lymphedema among breast cancer survivors. Lymphedema is a progressive and debilitating condition and early treatment usually leads to better clinical outcomes, given that BIA using a diagnostic cutoff of L-Dex ratio &amp;gt; +7.1 still misses 20% of true lymphedema cases, it is important for clinicians to integrate other assessment methods (such as self-report, clinical observation, or perometry) to ensure the accurate diagnosis of lymphedema. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-11-17.
An Outbreak of Tuberculosis with Accelerated Progression among Persons Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Charles L. Daley, Peter M. Small, Gisela F. Schecter, Gary K. Schoolnik, Ruth A. McAdam, William R. Jacobs, Philip C. Hopewell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Tuberculosis typically develops from a reactivation of latent infection. Clinical tuberculosis may also arise from a primary infection, and this is thought to be more likely in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the relative importance of these two pathogenetic mechanisms in this population is unclear.
Aspirin, but not heparin, suppresses the transient increase in thromboxane biosynthesis associated with cardiac catheterization or coronary angioplasty
Authors: Giovanni Ciabattoni, Shahrom Ujang, Piyamitr Sritara, Felicita Andreotti, Graham Davies, Bianca M. Simonetti, Carlo Patrono, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Tc-99m PYP Imaging in Amphetamine Intoxication Associated with Nontraumatic Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: CHIA-HUNG KAO, SHU-QUINN LIAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis was demonstrated by Tc-99m PYP muscle imaging in a case of amphetamine intoxication.
PSA thresholds for prostate cancer detection
Authors: J. W. Moul
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with great interest the articles by Dr Catalona and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and Dr Carter and colleagues<sup>2</sup>regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection for prostate cancer. On one hand, Catalona et al found that the cancer detection rate was 22% when the screening PSA value was between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL and implied that vigilance was necessary in these men with lower PSA values. On the other hand, Carter et al found that considering as normal a PSA between 4.0 and 5.0 ng/mL maintains an acceptable ability to diagnose curable cancer and also suggested that men whose initial PSA level is less than 2.0 ng/mL may have screening every other year. Of great concern is that both studies lacked sufficient numbers of black men, who are known to have a higher prevalence of the disease and a propensity for more advanced cancer at diagnosis.<sup>3,4</sup>With
High-risk myocardial infarction: in-hospital and one-year outcome after primary angioplasty and thrombolysis: a prospective nationwide multicenter study
Authors: Giuseppe Steffenino, Diego Ardissino, Samuele Baldasseroni, Francesco Chiarella, Donata Lucci, Patrizia Maras, Maurizio Marini, Francesco Mauri, Giovanni Maria Santoro, Roberto Violini, Aldo P. Maggioni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Hypoalimentation during Hyperalimentation
Authors: Marshall A. Lichtman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

The dependence of red-cell ATP concentration on plasma inorganic phosphate observed by Guest and Rapoport 35 years ago1 has since been "rediscovered"2 and confirmed repeatedly.3 The relation of red-cell ATP to extracellular phosphate is explained, in part, by the dependence of intraerythrocytic inorganic phosphate concentration on passive diffusion of phosphate from plasma, and the role of intracellular inorganic phosphate as one of several important determinants of glycolytic rate, glycolysis being the sole means of net ATP synthesis by the red cell. In addition, a considerable proportion of red-cell glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is membrane-bound and appears to derive one of its . . .
The Challenges of Whole-Genome Approaches to Common Diseases
Authors: J. H. Moore
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STANDARDIZATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES
Authors: JOSIAH J. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Although the classification of medical schools has raised the level of medical education of the undergraduates and also improved the present status of graduate and postgraduate schools, the majority of physicians, for various reasons, rely on clinical laboratories for much of their diagnostic laboratory work and for much of the newer knowledge in medicine. The pathologist is rapidly advancing from being a good or poor technician to a consultant who must not only be expert in his own line, but in addition must have considerable knowledge of all the specialties. In order to have this information, the training must be broad in actual experience and practical skill. The ideal laboratory director should be a broad minded, conservative, conscientious pathologist, preferably with clinical training, who must give freely of his knowledge to that group of physicians who depend on him for laboratory service. His rôle should be that of adviser and
Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kathleen M. Griffiths, Bradley Carron-Arthur, Alison Parsons, Russell Reid
Journal: World Psychiatry (2014)

The stigma associated with mental disorders is a global public health problem. Programs to combat it must be informed by the best available evidence. To this end, a meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of existing programs. A systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases yielded 34 relevant papers, comprising 33 randomized controlled trials. Twenty-seven papers (26 trials) contained data that could be incorporated into a quantitative analysis. Of these trials, 19 targeted personal stigma or social distance (6,318 participants), six addressed perceived stigma (3,042 participants) and three self-stigma (238 participants). Interventions targeting personal stigma or social distance yielded small but significant reductions in stigma across all mental disorders combined (d=0.28, 95% CI: 0.17-0.39, p<0.001) as well as for depression (d=0.36, 95% CI: 0.10-0.60, p<0.01), psychosis (d=0.20, 95% CI: 0.06-0.34, p<0.01) and generic mental illness (d=0.30, 95% CI: 0.10-0.50, p<0.01). Educational interventions were effective in reducing personal stigma (d=0.33, 95% CI: 0.19-0.42, p<0.001) as were interventions incorporating consumer contact (d=0.47, 95% CI: 0.17-0.78, p<0.001), although there were insufficient studies to demonstrate an effect for consumer contact alone. Internet programs were at least as effective in reducing personal stigma as face-to-face delivery. There was no evidence that stigma interventions were effective in reducing perceived or self-stigma. In conclusion, there is an evidence base to inform the roll out of programs for improving personal stigma among members of the community. However, there is a need to investigate methods for improving the effectiveness of these programs and to develop interventions that are effective in reducing perceived and internalized stigma.
Chlorpromazine Treatment for Relief of Itching in Severe Refractory Neurodermatitis
Authors: Robert F. Tilley, Herbert Barry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

CHLORPROMAZINE,§ a relatively new drug, has already found a wide variety of applications as noted in this journal. Among these are management of manic states,1 control of nausea2 and induction of hypothermia.3 Pellerat4 reports its use in neurodermatitis, eczema and other skin conditions. Delay, Deniker and Tardieu5 state that a case of pruritus was helped by the drug. Per contra, Winkelman6 mentions urticaria as an occasional complication of chlorpromazine. Bower7 found 2 cases of dermatitis with redness, scaling and itching of the chest or arms in his psychiatric cases.Dermatologic applications reported to date appear to be limited to the . . .