tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF THYROID DISEASE ON CALCIUM METABOLISM IN MAN 1
Authors: Stephen M. Krane, Gordon L. Brownell, John B. Stanbury, Helen Corrigan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

Abnormal thyroid function profoundly alters calcium metabolism.In 1929, Aub, Bauer, Heath, and Ropes (1) demonstrated in patients on con- stant low calcium diets that urinary and fecal ex- cretion of calcium and phosphorus is frequently increased in hyperthyroidism and lower than nor- mal in myxedema.These changes could not be ascribed to elevation of metabolism per se (1) acidosis (2) or vitarmin D deficiency (3); they were observed even in the absence of the para- thyroid glands (4, 5).In addition, roentgeno- graphic evidence of skeletal demineralization has been described in patients with thyrotoxicosis (6).The conventional balance techniques which have been used in the study of calcium metabolism in thyroid disease measure only net effects: they do not measure the processes of deposition and re- sorption of calcium.An indication of the skeletal turnover of calcium, however, can be obtained from serial observations of the specific activity of radioactive calcium (Ca45) in blood and urine after intravenous injection (7, 8).The present study was designed to define the alterations in calcium metabolism in thyroid dis- ease in man by using Ca45 and the technique of isotope dilution.Observations have been made in euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and myxedematous sub- jects, and, for purposes of comparison, in addi- tional euthyroid patients with Paget's disease and with hypoparathyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll patients (Table I) were on the metabolic ward and were ambulatory throughout the study.Diets, which were constant and of neutral ash, contained from 0.08 to 0.23 grams of calcium per day (Table II).In order to avoid tetany, the two hypoparathyroid subjects were given 0.31 and 0.57 grams, respecfively, of calcium 1 Aided by grants AT (30-1) 667 and AT (30-1) 1755 from the Atomic Energy Commission and A(446) C from the United States Public Health Service.in their diets per day.Fluid intake was maintained at 2,000 to 2,500 ml. per day.Complete collections of urine and stool were begun after six days on the fixed diet.A three-day control collection of urine and feces was ob- tained prior to the administration of Ca.The stock solution of Ca"Cl, 2 was acidified with con- centrated HCI, added to 0.9 per cent NaCI solution to give a final concentration of approximately 0.5 j&c per ml.saline at a pH of 6, and autoclaved.Five to seven mi- crocuries were injected from a calibrated syringe into an antecubital vein one hour before breakfast.Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture from the op- posite arm at frequent intervals.Fractional urine col- lections were made for the first three days following injection, and daily thereafter.Stool collections were made
pH and Titratable Acidity of Amino Acid Mixtures Used in Hyperalimentation
Authors: James C. M. Chan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The pH and titratable acidity of three amino acid mixtures used in hyperalimentation were determined and compared with those of eight common intravenous solutions. Although the mean pH of the two groups was similar, the mean titratable acidity of the three amino acid mixtures (30.54 mEq/liter) was markedly higher than that of the eight intravenous solutions (0.13 mEq/liter). The high titratable acidity of the amino acid mixtures could be a major factor in the development of metabolic acidosis in hyperalimented infants. The titratable acidity of the eight intravenous solutions did not differ significantly from that of water blanks (0.16 mEq/liter).
Hypersensitivity to Colchicine
Authors: J. G. Macleod, L. Phillips
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1947)

A patient suffering from atypical arthritis of the rheumatoid type was given crystalline colchicine in the usual dose as a diagnostic measure because the possibility of gout had been suggested by the radiological and biochemical findings.Death from colchicine poisoning resulted.In the present paper an attempt is made to assess the significance of this, and of other unusual features of the case. Case HistoryA married man, aged 39, gave a twelve years' history of pain and swelling of various joints.These symptoms commenced in fingers and feet in 1934, and in later years the right wrist, knees, hips, neck, and jaws were affected.Since 1941 glandular swellings had been noted in groins and axillae whenever symptoms were severe.These swellings disappeared with improvement in the joints.In January, 1946, all teeth were extracted, and thereafter the left wrist also became swollen and painful.In the first five years of his illness the patient lost weight and was unduly tired, but latterly his weight had been steady.He had no other symptoms-apart from epigastric pain two hours after food, readily controlled by dietetic measures.A duodenal ulcer had been diagnosed radiologically.The only previous illnesses were influenza, pleurisy, and lumbago in 1930.The patient was temperate in his habits.Acute exacerbations of pain were not related to over-indulgence in food or drink.There was no family history of arthritis or gout.On several occasions courses of gold had been prescribed without benefit.The most recent course had to be stopped after 0-6 g. of myocrysin because of an exacerbation of symptoms in the left wrist.Other treatment, such as paraffin wax baths, " electrical treatment ", and tonsil- lectomy had not helped him.Although for twelve years the patient had always symptoms in one or more joints he was usually able to continue at work as an upholsterer.When first seen as an out patient in November, 1946, the patient was a sparely built man with a good colour.There was a moderate degree of swelling and limitation of movement at both wrist joints and at the right ankle.Similar but less marked changes were present in the left first and second metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.No enlargement of lymph glands was detected at this time, and examination of all other systems was negative.The blood sedimentation rate was 22 mm. in one hour (Westergren), and the blood uric acid was 4-4 mg. per 100 c.cm. of blood.Skiagrams showed destructive changes in the right wrist and in the left thumb and index finger, and soft-tissue swelling of the wrists.Punched-out areas, present in the left index finger and thumb, were suggestive of gout, but the other appearances were those of rheumatoid arthritis (Fig. 1 , p. 216).A provisional diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made.Rest was advised, the right ankle was strapped, and plaster-of-Paris splints were made for the wrists.The alternative diagnosis was gouty arthritis.As a diagnostic test, and because other drugs had been ineffective, it was decided 224 copyright.
THREE CASES OF ACUTE PERFORATION OF DUODENAL ULCER: LAPAROTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: E. Huntley
Journal: BMJ (1920)

THE notes of these cases illustrate the importance of early operation to secure a sucoessful issue.CASE 1. B. M., aged 32) a private A.I.F., was brought into hospital in the early hours of the morning of October 13th, 1919, cold and collapsed; he vomited some coffee-grounds fluid as he was being put to bed.He gave a history of being first taken ill with pains in the upper part of the abdomen on October 6th, and being sick once or twice.The pains came on worse two to three hours after taking food.He reported sick on October 7th, and was given a "dose of medicine."On October 8th he felt better, but vomited several times during the day, the vomiting relieving the pain in the epigastric region.He seems to have dragged about until the evening of October 12th, when he had a sudden acute pain just above the umbilicus, to the right of the middle line, and was very sick.On admission the whole abdomen was very hard and rigid, and abdominal respiratory movements were absent.There was acute tenderness above the umbilicus, distinctly greater towards the right of the middle line.There was no distension of the abdomen.Liver dullness was absent.He was prepared for operation, and as soon as possible laparotomy was performed tbrough the right rectus musle.Immediately on opening the peritoneum gas escaped, as well a a certain amount of bile-stained fluid.The perforation was soon found in the first part of the duodenum, on its anterior
Tumor promoter phorbol myristic acetate stimulates immunoglobulin secretion correlated with growth cessation in human B lymphocyte cell lines.
Authors: P Ralph, T Kishimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Immunoglobulin production by lymphoblast cell lines was studies using protein A-red blood cell plaque formation to detect individual secreting cells. Immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion by 6 of 12 human B-cell lines tested could be stimulated up to twentyfold by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) at subtoxic concentrations of 10-1000 ng/ml depending on the line. Stimulation was found with both IgM and IgG cell lines. No switch of Ig class synthesis was found in the cell lines as a result of PMA incubation. Increase in Ig secretion was closely associated with cessation of growth resembling induction of terminal differentiation in the cells. PMA induction of Ig secretion in B lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood requires the cooperation of T cells. PMA stimulation of certain cell lines reported here suggests that the lines are late in the differentiation pathway to plasmacyte and can be easily triggered to secrete Ig by membrane-altering agents.
Essential function for the GTPase TC21 in homeostatic antigen receptor signaling
Authors: Pilar Delgado, Beatriz Cubelos, Enrique Calleja, Nuria Martínez-Martín, Angel Ciprés, Isabel Mérida, Carmen Bellas, Xosé R Bustelo, Balbino Alarcón
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Dutch waiting lists increase despite 36m campaign
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Waiting lists for hospital treatment in the Netherlands increased by 2% last year, despite a 130 million guilder (£36m; $54m) initiative to reduce them. A report commissioned by the government, presented to parliament last week, concludes that an increase in demand has left waiting times “unacceptably long.”

Waiting times for individual specialties, however, have improved. In orthopaedics they have dropped from 16 to 12 …
Identifying the motivations of chimpanzees: Culture and collaboration
Authors: Victoria Horner, Kristin E. Bonnie, Frans B. M. de Waal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. propose that shared intentionality is a uniquely human ability. In light of this, we discuss several cultural behaviors that seem to result from a motivation to share experiences with others, suggest evidence for coordination and collaboration among chimpanzees, and cite recent findings that counter the argument that the predominance of emulation in chimpanzees reflects a deficit in intention reading.
T cell determinants from autoantibodies to DNA can upregulate autoimmunity in murine systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: R R Singh, V Kumar, F M Ebling, S Southwood, A Sette, E E Sercarz, B H Hahn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

(NZB x NZW) F1 (BWF1) mice develop spontaneous T cell autoimmunity to VH region determinants of syngeneic anti-DNA before the onset of clinical disease. In this study, we characterized the immunogenicity, MHC binding, and lymphokine secretion patterns induced by T cell determinants from the VH region of one such anti-DNA mAb (A6.1) and examined their role in the regulation of autoimmunity. Determinants were identified by proliferation of syngeneic splenic T cells from young, unprimed BWF1 mice in response to overlapping 12-mer peptides representing the entire VH region sequence. Immunization of young BWF1 mice with any of three determinants (A6H 34-45 [p34], A6H 58-69 [p58], and A6H 84-95 [p84]) elicited proliferative responses upon in vitro recall. Upon immunization with the whole A6.1 molecule, however, proliferative responses could be recalled only to the p58 peptide, defining this as immunodominant. The other two peptides (p34 and p84) elicited minimal or no proliferation and could be termed cryptic. Proliferative responses elicited by the cryptic determinants were restricted by a single class II (I-Ed for p34 and I-Au for p84), whereas the immunodominant p58 determinant was restricted by both I-Ed and I-Eu. The cryptic p34 and p84 bound strongly to I-Ed and I-Au, respectively, whereas the immunodominant p58 peptide bound poorly to I-Ed. A6H p84 elicited T cells that secreted lymphokines in a pattern consistent with a Th1-like phenotype, whereas p58 induced a Th2-like cytokine pattern. Immunization with p34 or p84, or adoptive transfer of a p84-reactive T cell line to young BWF1 mice significantly increased IgG anti-DNA levels, accelerated nephritis, and decreased survival. In conclusion, in BWF1 mice, autoreactive T cells recognizing both cryptic and dominant self-determinants on anti-DNA autoantibodies escape deletion or anergy induction. Furthermore, since these cells are spontaneously activated before the onset of clinical disease, they may be involved in the development of the autoimmune process.
Abstract 5548: High copy number of the <i>MET gene</i> predicts resistance to EGFR-TKI in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Authors: Rintaro Noro, Masahiro Seike, Chie Soeno, Kuniko Matsuda, Teppei Sugano, Nobuhiko Nishijima, Masaru Toyokawa, Kazuhiro Kitamura, Seiji Kosaihira, Yuji Minegishi, Akinobu Yoshimura, Kaoru Kubota, Akihiko Gemma
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR gene mutations have shown a dramatic responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). However, it is recognized that, clinically, drug resistance eventually emerges and this limits the mean duration of response. Although mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI, such as T790M secondary mutation and MET amplification, have recently been described, other mechanisms of resistant to EGFR-TKI should be identified to broaden the therapeutic strategy for NSCLC in patients with EGFR gene mutations. Patients and Methods We evaluated 26 lung tumor samples from NSCLC patients who had received EGFR-TKI treatment from 2009 to 2011 at Nippon Medical School Hospital. Status of copy numbers and amplification of the MET gene were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and estimated by high throughout automated image analysis. Results High copy number (&amp;gt;4 copies/cell) was observed in 6 patients (27%) and amplification (MET/CEP7 ≥2.0) was seen in 0 of 26 NSCLC patients. MET gene copy number status was not correlated with EGFR gene mutation, gender, histology, or smoking history. In 2 of the 6 cases with high copy number, high copy numbers were found at both the pre- and post-treatment stages. Among the 6 patients with high copy number, 5 patients achieved partial response (PR) and one patient showed stable disease (SD) with EGFR-TKI therapy. However, the 6 patients with high copy number had statistically significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than the 20 patients with low copy numbers. (p=0.048, log-rank test). The median PFS of patients with High copy number and low copy numbers was 9.5 months and 24.4 months, respectively. Conclusion Detection of high copy number of the MET gene by FISH may be useful for predicting response to EGFR-TKI. The correlation between MET gene copy number and response to EGFR-TKI should be further evaluated using larger sample sizes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5548. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5548
Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Paul P. VanArsdel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This volume is actually the latest of several editions but, apparently because of a title rearrangement, is not listed as such. The book is divided into five parts. The first, on immunology, has three sections: fundamentals, immunopathology of type I reactions, and immunopharmacology. The second part, devoted to clinical allergy, begins with a general discussion of atopy and then goes on to chapters on rhinitis, hypersensitivity lung diseases, immunodermatology, immunohematology, multi-organ-system problems, and miscellaneous conditions. The third part contains chapters on immune-deficiency disorders, connective tissue diseases, and amyloidosis. The book concludes with two short parts on immunization and veterinary allergy. The author was assisted by four associates, who contributed seven of the 11 fundamental immunology chapters, two immunohematology chapters, and the chapter on immune-deficiency disorders. The information provided includes a respectable amount of material from the recent literature, but in many instances the bibliographies have not been updated to include
Tyrosine kinase pathways modulate tumor susceptibility to natural killer cells
Authors: Roberto Bellucci, Hong-Nam Nguyen, Allison Martin, Stefan Heinrichs, Anna C. Schinzel, William C. Hahn, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells are primary effectors of innate immunity directed against transformed tumor cells. In response, tumor cells have developed mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated lysis through molecular mechanisms that are not well understood. In the present study, we used a lentiviral shRNA library targeting more than 1,000 human genes to identify 83 genes that promote target cell resistance to human NK cell-mediated killing. Many of the genes identified in this genetic screen belong to common signaling pathways; however, none of them have previously been known to modulate susceptibility of human tumor cells to immunologic destruction. Gene silencing of two members of the JAK family (JAK1 and JAK2) increased the susceptibility of a variety of tumor cell types to NK-mediated lysis and induced increased secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells. Treatment of tumor cells with JAK inhibitors also increased susceptibility to NK cell activity. These findings may have important clinical implications and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinases being developed as therapeutic antitumor agents may also have significant immunologic effects in vivo.
Interference with pre-B-cell receptor signaling offers a therapeutic option for TCF3-rearranged childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: A van der Veer, V H J van der Velden, M E Willemse, P G Hoogeveen, E F Petricoin, H B Beverloo, G Escherich, M A Horstmann, R Pieters, M L den Boer
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Interference with pre-B-cell receptor signaling offers a therapeutic option for  TCF3- rearranged childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Persisting Nursing Shortage — Homosexuality and Prostitution — Heroin Reprieved
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

RECRUITMENT to the nursing profession continues to lag far behind the requirements of the hospital service. Outspoken comments have recently been made on why this shortage of nurses persists. A correspondent to the Daily Telegraph suggests that it is because in no other profession is a young girl subjected to arduous and often dirty manual labor, vigorous and often intolerant discipline and inadequate rates of pay. These views have stimulated a lively correspondence. They have been endorsed by some writers and disputed by others. It is true that in the past the student nurse was expected to undertake the cleaning . . .
The sensitized liver represents a rich source of endogenous leukotrienes
Authors: Wolfgang Hagmann, Iris Kaiser, Barbara A. Jakschik
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The ability of livers to produce endogenous leukotrienes after immunological stimulation was tested with organs from rats and guinea pigs. Passive sensitization of rats in vivo with monoclonal murine antidinitrophenol-IgE before antigen challenge in the isolated perfused liver system elicited a rapid hepatic production and biliary excretion of leukotrienes as judged by radioimmunoassay after separation of individual leukotrienes by high-performance liquid chromatography. Within 10 min after antigen infusion, mainly leukotriene C4, but also leukotriene D4 and N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, appeared in the bile. The biliary excretion rate of antigen-induced cysteinyl leukotrienes rose from less than 2 pmol.min-1.(kg body mass)-1 before challenge to about 30 pmol.min-1.(kg body mass)-1 for 20 min before it declined toward prechallenge level. Quantitatively similar hepatic production of cysteinyl leukotrienes was elicited in isolated perfused guinea pig livers challenged with ovalbumin after active sensitization of the animals with ovalbumin plus Al(OH)3. To exclude extrahepatic contributions to the observed leukotriene production, both passive sensitization with anti-dinitrophenol-IgE and subsequent antigen challenge were performed on isolated rat livers perfused with blood-free medium. Such exclusively hepatic sensitization and challenge also resulted in massive production of leukotrienes. The biliary excretion rate of cysteinyl leukotrienes amounted to approximately 20 pmol.min-1.(kg body mass)-1 during the 10 to 20 min period after antigen challenge as compared with less than 1 pmol.min-1.(kg body mass)-1 before challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved survival in women with advanced heart failure
Authors: JoAnn Lindenfeld, Jalal K Ghali, Heidi J Krause-Steinrauf, Steven Khan, Kirkwood Adams, Steven Goldman, Mary Ann Peberdy, Clyde Yancy, Surai Thaneemit-Chen, Rhonda L Larsen, James Young, Brian Lowes, Yves D Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)