tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foreign Medical Graduates in the United States-Reply
Authors: Charles S. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Khera's letter is beside the point. Even if he thinks it is the main issue, it was not the issue discussed in the article. The article did not deal by definition with those foreign medical graduates who are now living in the United States. It dealt with the fact that today there are few foreign medical graduates, natives of foreign countries, coming to the United States for medical training and returning to their native countries to practice medicine there. In the opinion of those who were interviewed and quoted in the article, this situation should be reversed, and it is in the best interests of the United States to do so. I see nothing "shocking" in encouraging foreigners to take graduate training in the United States in any discipline. I am a graduate of a foreign university myself and I value the two years of advanced education
Complementarity of Colestipol, Niacin, and Lovastatin in Treatment of Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: MARY J. MALLOY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the ternarydrug combination of colestipol, niacin, and lovastatin with binary combinations of those drugs in treating patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Design: An open sequential study of serum lipoprotein responses in patients receiving diet alone (mean duration, 4 months); colestipol and niacin with diet (mean duration, 9 months); and colestipol, niacin, and lovastatin with diet (mean duration, 15 months). Setting: Metabolic ward and lipid clinic of a university medical center. Patients: Twenty-two patients with clinical characteristics of familial hypercholesterolemia (low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, > 8.48 mmol/L; 21 of 22 with tendon xanthomas). Interventions: Diet: less than 200 mg/d of cholesterol and less than 8% of total calories from saturated fat; colestipol, 30 g/d; lovastatin, 40 to 60 mg/d; and niacin, 1.5 to 7.5 g/d. Measurements and Main Results: Mean total serum cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels of 4.86 ± 0.62 mmol/L (188 ± 24 mg/dL SD) and 2.89 ± 0.54 mmol/L (112 ± 21 mg/dL SD), respectively, were significantly lower during ternary-drug treatment than during colestipol-niacin treatment (p < 0.003) or during treatment in which other possible binary combinations were given. The cholesterol content of very low-density-lipoproteins was lower and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels higher during this phase than during the colestipol-niacin phase. Conclusions: Colestipol, lovastatin, and niacin are mutually complementary in treating hypercholesterolemia. This regimen produces reductions in serum cholesterol levels similar to those associated with regression of atheromatous plaques in animal studies.
Ferroportin1 is required for normal iron cycling in zebrafish
Authors: Paula G. Fraenkel, David Traver, Adriana Donovan, David Zahrieh, Leonard I. Zon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Missense mutations in ferroportin1 (fpn1), an intestinal and macrophage iron exporter, have been identified between transmembrane helices 3 and 4 in the zebrafish anemia mutant weissherbst (weh(Tp85c-/-)) and in patients with type 4 hemochromatosis. To explore the effects of fpn1 mutation on blood development and iron homeostasis in the adult zebrafish, weh(Tp85c-/-) zebrafish were rescued by injection with iron dextran and studied in comparison with injected and uninjected WT zebrafish and heterozygotes. Although iron deposition was observed in all iron-injected fish, only weh(Tp85c-/-) zebrafish exhibited iron accumulation in the intestinal epithelium compatible with a block in iron export. Iron injections initially reversed the anemia. However, 8 months after iron injections were discontinued, weh(Tp85c-/-) zebrafish developed hypochromic anemia and impaired erythroid maturation despite the persistence of iron-loaded macrophages and elevated hepatic nonheme iron stores. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed a significant decrease in mean hepatic transcript levels of the secreted iron-regulator hepcidin and increased intestinal expression of fpn1 in anemic weh(Tp85c-/-) adults. Injection of iron dextran into WT or mutant zebrafish embryos, however, resulted in significant increases in hepcidin expression 18 hours after injection, demonstrating that hepcidin expression in zebrafish is iron responsive and independent of fpn1's function as an iron exporter.
Clinical Echo-Encephalography
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1970)

For over a quarter of a century, ultrasound has been used to detect underwater obstacles and cavities and weaknesses in metals. Useful application in clinical medicine began in 1955, spreading from the head to other parts of the body. The first book on diagnosis in brain disorders with echography appeared in 1966. This one, by Schiefer and co-workers is a revised, updated translation of the 1967 German edition. It is now based on 10,478 recordings from 1962-1968, almost all linear depictions ("A Scan"). There is a fourpage appendix on two-dimensional ("B Scan") echoencephalography, including the authors' restricted experiences and evaluation of recent literature. A short but illuminating introduction into acoustics by Güttner is followed by sections on the principles and techniques of investigation by ultrasound. Particular emphasis is given to echoes from the midline but those from ventricular walls, tumors, hematomas, and cysts are also illustrated in a general discussion
A clinicopathologic analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Michael B. van Scoy‐Mosher, Miriam Bick, Vince Capostagno, Roy L. Walford, Richard A. Gatti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Sixty consecutive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied from both a clinical and laboratory standpoint. Hypoimmunoglobulinemia was found in 45% of patients; many of these patients suffered from severe bacterial infections. Second primary malignancies were diagnosed in 20% of patient's; most of these predated the diagnosis of CLL. HLA-B17 typing was found in unexpectedly high frequency in a small group of Coombs'-positive patients. The Rai-staging system was found to be generally useful for determining prognosis of groups of patients, although less useful in any individual patient. Findings relating to surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (B) and E-rosetting (T) lymphocytes are described. A patient with null-cell CLL is described. All patients with proliferation of gamma heavy-chain-bearing cells were diagnosed in early Rai stages suggesting that this marker may identify a subset of patients who present early and have a good prognosis. These data suggest that lymphocyte marker studies augment the Rai criteria in evaluating prognosis and may eventually be of value to the clinician in evaluating stage of disease and response to treatment.
Negative Regulation of Phagocytosis in Murine Macrophages by the Src Kinase Family Member, Fgr
Authors: Hattie D. Gresham, Benjamin M. Dale, Jeffrey W. Potter, Peter W. Chang, Charlotte M. Vines, Clifford A. Lowell, Carl F. Lagenaur, Cheryl L. Willman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Ingestion of opsonized pathogens by professional phagocytes results in the generation and release of microbicidal products that are essential for normal host defense. Because these products can result in significant tissue injury, phagocytosis must be regulated to limit damage to the host while allowing for optimal clearance and destruction of opsonized pathogens. To pursue negative regulation of phagocytosis, we assessed the effect of the Src kinase family member, Fgr, on opsonin-dependent phagocytosis by mouse macrophages. We chose Fgr because it is present in high concentrations in circulating phagocytes but is not essential for Fcgamma receptor-mediated ingestion by mouse macrophages. Although expression of Fgr both in a macrophage cell line and in primary macrophages significantly attenuates ingestion mediated by Fcgamma receptors and CR3, it does not affect macropinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis. This selective effect of Fgr is independent of its tyrosine kinase function. After Fcgamma receptor cross-linking, Fgr becomes associated with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptor, SIRPalpha (a member of the signal-regulatory protein family, also known as Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase [SHP] substrate 1 [SHPS-1], brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs [BIT], and P84) and potentiates the association of the phosphatase SHP-1 with SIRPalpha. This association is responsible, at least in part, for decreasing positive signaling essential for optimal phagocytosis. These data demonstrate an important negative regulatory role for this Src kinase family member and suggest that this homeostatic function must be overcome for optimal uptake and clearance of opsonized pathogens.
Single daily dose corticosteroid treatment. Effect on adrenal function and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases.
Authors: A B Myles, P A Bacon, J R Daly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

In the normal subject the level of circulating cortisol is regulated by a feed-back mechanism so that an increase in plasma cortisol results in dimin- ished secretion of corticotrophin by the pituitary.Synthetic corticosteroids act on the feed-back mechanism in a similar manner to endogenous cortisol, and a single dose will inhibit corticotrophin release and hence cortisol production.The degree and duration of pituitary-adrenal inhibition depends on the potency of the preparation, the dose, and the time of administration.Inhibition following a single corticosteroid dose is a physiological response, and endogenous cortisol will be secreted as soon as the circulating level of administered corticosteroid declines.Furthermore, this inhibition can be overcome by stress or the administration of ACTH, either of which will promptly restore adrenal secretion of cortisol to normal.Corticosteroid administration in divided doses throughout the day results in repeated episodes of inhibition with little or no intervening periods of autonomous adrenal function.Inhibition thus becomes continuous and may lead to chronic suppression, i.e. adrenal suppression which does not spontaneously recover when the administered corticosteroid is withdrawn, and which carries the risk of failure to respond to stress.Suppression of adrenal function in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy has attracted more attention than any other corticosteroid side-effect as it may lead to failure of cortisol secretion during such stresses as a surgical operation or severe illness.
OPINIONS ON NOMENCLATURE
Authors: C. W. Stiles
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Among the opinions (Nos. 78 to 81) recently (Feb. 9, 1924) issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections<b>73</b>, No. 2), the following involve questions of nomenclature of practical application in medical work: No. 78. On basis of the premises presented, the commission is of the opinion that<i>Dermacentor venustus</i>dates from Marx in Neumann, 1897, type specimen Collection Marx No. 122 (U. S. National Museum), from<i>Ovis aries</i>, Texas, and that<i>Dermacentor andersoni</i>dates from Stiles, 1908, holotype U. S. P. H. &amp; M. H. S. 9467, from Woodman, Montana. Opinion written by Stejneger. Vote: Concurring 11; dissenting, 2; not voting, 2. The practical effect of this opinion is that the correct name for the common Rocky Mountain spotted fever tick is definitely established to be<i>Dermacentor andersoni</i>instead of Dermacentor venustus. No. 81. On basis of the premises before the commission,
Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Respiratory Hospitalization in a Government-Designated “Area of Concern”: The Case of Windsor, Ontario
Authors: Isaac N. Luginaah, Karen Y. Fung, Kevin M. Gorey, Greg Webster, Chris Wills
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

This study is part of a larger research program to examine the relationship between ambient air quality and health in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We assessed the association between air pollution and daily respiratory hospitalization for different age and sex groups from 1995 to 2000. The pollutants included were nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter 10 microm in diameter (PM10), coefficient of haze (COH), and total reduced sulfur (TRS). We calculated relative risk (RR) estimates using both time-series and case-crossover methods after controlling for appropriate confounders (temperature, humidity, and change in barometric pressure). The results of both analyses were consistent. We found associations between NO2, SO2, CO, COH, or PM10 and daily hospital admission of respiratory diseases especially among females. For females 0-14 years of age, there was 1-day delayed effect of NO2 (RR = 1.19, case-crossover method), a current-day SO2 (RR = 1.11, time series), and current-day and 1- and 2-day delayed effects for CO by case crossover (RR = 1.15, 1.19, 1.22, respectively). Time-series analysis showed that 1-day delayed effect of PM10 on respiratory admissions of adult males (15-64 years of age), with an RR of 1.18. COH had significant effects on female respiratory hospitalization, especially for 2-day delayed effects on adult females, with RRs of 1.15 and 1.29 using time-series and case-crossover analysis, respectively. There were no significant associations between O3 and TRS with respiratory admissions. These findings provide policy makers with current risks estimates of respiratory hospitalization as a result of poor ambient air quality in a government designated "area of concern."
Intracellular delivery of functionally active proteins using self-assembling pyridylthiourea-polyethylenimine
Authors: Viktoriia Postupalenko, Annie-Paule Sibler, Dominique Desplancq, Yves Nominé, Danièle Spehner, Patrick Schultz, Etienne Weiss, Guy Zuber
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Historical Comparison of Perfluorooctanesulfonate, Perfluorooctanoate, and Other Fluorochemicals in Human Blood
Authors: Geary W. Olsen, Han-Yao Huang, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Kristen J. Hansen, John L. Butenhoff, Jeffrey H. Mandel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there has been a change in the human blood concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and five other fluorochemicals since 1974. Blood samples were collected in 1974 (serum) and 1989 (plasma) from volunteer participants of a large community health study. The study included a total of 356 samples (178 from each time period). These samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. The median 1974 and 1989 fluorochemical concentrations, respectively, were as follows: PFOS, 29.5 ng/mL vs. 34.7 ng/mL; PFOA, 2.3 ng/mL vs. 5.6 ng/mL; perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS), 1.6 ng/mL vs. 2.4 ng/mL; and N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (PFOSAA), less than the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ; 1.6 ng/mL, vs. 3.4 ng/mL). For N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (M570), perfluorooctanesulfonamide, and perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, median serum concentrations in both years were less than the LLOQ values (1.0, 1.0, and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively). Statistical analysis of 58 paired samples indicated that serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOSAA, PFOA, PFHS, and M570 were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher in 1989 than in 1974. The data from 1989 were then compared with geometric mean fluorochemical concentrations of serum samples collected in 2001 from 108 American Red Cross adult blood donors from the same region. Except for M570, there were no statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) geometric mean fluorochemical concentration differences between the 1989 and 2001 samples. In conclusion, based on this study population, PFOS and other serum fluorochemical concentrations have increased between 1974 and 1989. Comparison with other regional data collected in 2001 did not suggest a continued increase in concentrations since 1989.
Five-Year Follow-Up of Patients With Advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation After Nonmyeloablative Conditioning
Authors: Mohamed L. Sorror, Barry E. Storer, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Michael Maris, Judith Shizuru, Richard Maziarz, Edward Agura, Thomas R. Chauncey, Michael A. Pulsipher, Peter A. McSweeney, James C. Wade, Benedetto Bruno, Amelia Langston, Jerald Radich, Dietger Niederwieser, Karl G. Blume, Rainer Storb, David G. Maloney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose We reported encouraging early results of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after nonmyeloablative conditioning in 64 patients who had advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we have extended the follow-up to a median of 5 years and have included data on an additional 18 patients. Patients and Methods Eighty-two patients, age 42 to 72 years, who had fludarabine-refractory CLL were conditioned with 2 Gy total-body irradiation alone or combined with fludarabine followed by HCT from related (n = 52) or unrelated (n = 30) donors. Results Complete remission (CR) and partial remission were achieved in 55% and 15% of patients, respectively. Higher CR rates were noted after unrelated HCT (67% v 48%). The 5-year incidences of nonrelapse mortality (NRM), progression/relapse, overall survival, and progression-free survival were 23%, 38%, 50%, and 39%, respectively. Among 25 patients initially reported in CR, 8% relapsed and 8% died as a result of NRM, whereas 84% have remained alive and in CR. Among 14 responding patients who were tested and who had molecular eradication of their disease, two died as a result of NRM, two relapsed, and 10 have remained negative. At 5 years, 76% of living patients were entirely well, whereas 24% continued to receive immunosuppression for chronic graft-versus-host disease; the median performance status in each group was 100% and 90%, respectively. Lymphadenopathy ≥ 5 cm, but not cytogenetic abnormalities at HCT, predicted relapse. In a risk-stratification model, patients who had lymphadenopathy less than 5 cm and no comorbidities had a 5-year OS of 71%. Conclusion Nonmyeloablative HCT resulted in a median survival of 5 years for patients who had fludarabine-refractory CLL with sustained remissions and in the continued resolution of chronic graft-versus-host disease in surviving patients.
Effectiveness of a Pre-treatment Snack on the Uptake of Mass Treatment for Schistosomiasis in Uganda: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Simon Muhumuza, Annette Olsen, Anne Katahoire, Agnes N. Kiragga, Fred Nuwaha
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

In a cluster randomized trial, Simon Muhumuza and colleagues examine the effectiveness of a pre-treament snack given to school-aged children on the uptake of mass treatment for schistosomiasis in Uganda. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
The Wind of the Cannon Ball
Authors: C.E. McMahon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

When Cartesian dualism became a determining philosophical basis of medical theory, psychosomatic events became logical impossibilities. In the nineteenth century, physicians confronted with a class of such events – battle casualties without externally inflicted injuries – sought mechanistic interpretations in the 'wind' of the cannon ball. Those who rejected these ineffective hypotheses were forced to deny the existence of such casualties. Today we acknowledge the existence of psychosomatic events. The logical barrier to understanding them, however, remains at the basis of medical theory and must be eradicated.
Abstract 4161: Synergistic effects of aflatoxin B1 exposure and glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency in hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Shih-Ping Liu, Ying-Shiuan Li, Cheng-Ming Lee, Chia-Hung Yen, Yi-Jen Liao, Shiu-Feng Huang, Chau-Heng Chien, Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In both humans and rodents, males are known to be more susceptible than females to hepatocarcinogenesis. We have previously reported that glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) interacts with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and reduces both AFB1-DNA adduct formation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice. We also reported that 50% of the males and 100% of the females in a small group of Gnmt null (Gnmt−/−) mice developed HCC, with first liver nodules detected at mean ages of 17 and 16.5 months, respectively. In this study we tested our hypothesis that male and female Gnmt−/− mice are susceptible to AFB1 carcinogenesis, and that the absence of Gnmt expression may accelerate AFB1-induced liver tumorigenesis. We inoculated Gnmt−/− and wild-type mice intraperitoneally with AFB1 at 7 days and 9 weeks of age and periodically examined them using ultrasound. Liver nodules were detected in 6 of 8 males and 5 of 5 females at 12.7 and 12 months of ages, respectively. Liver nodules from 5/8 (62.5%) male and 4/5 (80%) female Gnmt−/− mice were diagnosed as having HCC, approximately 6 months earlier than AFB1-treated wild-type mice. Results from microarray and real-time PCR analyses indicate that five detoxification pathway-related genes were down-regulated in AFB1-treated Gnmt−/− mice: Cyp1a2, Cyp3d44, Cyp2d22, Gsta1 and Abca8a. In summary, we observed a synergistic relationship between GNMT deficiency and AFB1 exposure in hepatocarcinogenesis, further evidence that GNMT over-expression is an important contributing factor to female liver cancer resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4161.
Lyme disease presenting as recurrent acute meningitis.
Authors: G S Pal, J T Baker, P R Humphrey
Journal: BMJ (1987)

immune haemolytic anaemia in a patient treated with chlorpropamide; in vitro testing showed cross reactivity with glibenclamide and related compounds.Immune haemolysis in vivo caused by glibenclamide, however, does not seem to have been reported before.The mechanism of haemolysis was compatible with the cephaline type, as a Coombs test gave a positive result with both anti-IgG and anti-C3 and anti-C4.This result is caused by a non-specific binding of serum proteins, including IgG and complement, to a damaged or altered erythrocyte surface.The antiglobulin test may give a positive result for many months, as was seen in our patient.Selective IgA deficiency is the most common form of dysgammaglobulin- aemia and is, for unknown reasons, often associated with immunological disorders.4Whether the IgA deficiency and the drug induced haemolytic anaemia in our patient were connected was uncertain.We are grateful to Hoechst Pharmaceuticals for generous supplies of glibenclamide and to Dr S M Wood, of the Department of Health and Social Security, for valuable information.