tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF REMOVING MAN-MADE JUMPS FROM SNOW-PARKS ON THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES SUSTAINED BY SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS
Authors: C Goulet, B Hagel, D Hamel, B Tremblay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Evidence indicates that snow-park (SP) injuries are more severe than injuries on regular slopes. This prompted two major ski areas in the province of Québec, Canada, to remove all man-made jumps from their SPs before season 2007–08. Objective To determine if removing jumps from SPs reduced the prevalence of severe injuries for skiers and snowboarders. Design Retrospective study using ski-patrol Injury Report Forms (IRF). The proportion of severe injuries before (seasons 2000–01 to 2006–07) and after (seasons 2007–08 to 2009–10) SP jump removal was compared with proportions at other areas. Setting All ski areas in operation in the province (between 77 and 84). Participants Skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with a SP injury at two ski areas before and after SP jumps were removed, and for all the ski areas with no SP jump removal. Risk factor assessment Risk factor data and injury outcomes were collected through IRFs. Main outcome measurements Severe injuries were defined based on type of injury or ambulance evacuation. The proportion of severe injuries before and after SP jump removal was compared with proportions at other areas. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust the pre- and post change comparison for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, and type of activity. Results At the two hills that removed jumps, the proportion of severe injuries was 19.3% (600 severe SP injuries/3,109 all SP injuries) before and 14.5% (63/434) after the change, compared with 23.7% (2 679/11 324) and 22.1% (921/4 173) at other hills. The odds of severe injuries declined at the two areas that removed jumps (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.97) with no change at other ski areas (AOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.83–1.08). Conclusions Results suggest that removing man-made jumps from SPs prevents severe injuries.
Plasma Volume in Cirrhosis of the Liver: Its Relation of Portal Hypertension, Ascites, and Renal Failure*
Authors: Fred L. Lieberman, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Plasma volume was measured by using albumin-131I- and 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes in 24 control subjects, 140 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and 10 patients with various portal-systemic shunts for the relief of noncirrhotic portal hypertension. The cirrhotic patients included subgroups with ascites, functional renal failure, and portacaval anastomoses. Elevated values for plasma volume, by both methods, were found in each group of patients.
A CASE OF RAT-BITE FEVER IN ENGLAND: RECOVERY OF THE SPIROCHAETE FROM THE BLOOD
Authors: G. C. Low
Journal: BMJ (1924)

CASES of rat-bite fever have been repoirted from time to time in England.The following case is of interest because of its typical clinical signs and because of the fact that the specific geirmii was isolated from it.History.On December 22nd, 1922, the patient was cutting up logs in a field when his dogf began to scrape at what appeared to be a rabbit hole.Putting down his hand to catch the supposed rabbit, a rat bit h-im through the base of the left forefinger.The wound felt numb and bled freely.It healed up without any treatment in four days, without any pain or throbbing, and no immediate ill effects were felt.The rat was old and mangy, its coat being very patchy.Sy?'nptoins.Four weeks after the bite the patient noticed a painful swelling in the left axilla; this became larger and in two or three days fever began, with cold shivers, restlessness, queer feelings in the head, and sweating.The swelling disappeared in a couple of days, but the fever lasted about a week.No rash was noticed.A second pyrexial attack occurred a week later, this being more severe, with headache and pains in the muscles of the leg, profuse sweating, and two small areas of redness on the left forearm.Attacks similar to this occurred at weekly intervals down to March 28th, 1923, when he was sent to Salisbury Infirmary as a case of rat-bite fever.While there some injections were given of the nature of which the patient was unaware.Further attacks then occurred, and finally he was sent up to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases to me by Dr. Knight of Tisbury, and admitted there on June 6th, 1923.
Correction: Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: JOHN M. BENNETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Correction: Acute Nonlymphocytic LeukemiaJOHN M. BENNETT, M.D.JOHN M. BENNETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-434_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the December NIH Conference, "Classification of Acute Leukemia (Ann Intern Med87:740-753, 1977), an error appeared on page 747, second column, fourth paragraph, fourth line. The phrase "nonacute lymphocytic leukemia" should have been "acute nonlymphocytic leukemia."... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Rochester Cancer Center Rochester, NY 14642 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3Page: 434-434KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaLymphocytic leukemia Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Witchdoctors in Africa
Authors: A B Koziell, I F Laurenson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

therapy.On the other hand, treatment may be more effective for several reasons.Cryotherapy, for example, is most effective if it is given every three weeks,6 but owing to other demands on dermatologists' time this is not always possible.This causes the treatment course to be longer than necessary, thus compounding the original problem of insufficient available time.In a separate clinic run by a nurse it should be possible to provide more regular treatment.Caution on the part of nurses may also mean that there would be fewer side effects from treatment.On the other hand, routine referral of all patients to a wart clinic may lead to more patients receiving cryotherapy because of its convenience to the operator, and this may result in more side effects.Medicolegal problems may occur for this reason.
The Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The initial chapter of this monograph deals with the pathological physiology of the signs and symptoms of coma. The basic studies are directed at the state of consciousness, pattern of breathing, size and reaction of pupils, eye movements, and skeletal muscle responses, and the value of the electroencephalogram in differentiation of comatose states is emphasized. In the section on supratentorial lesions causing coma, the authors distinguish three patterns of shift: cingulate herniation, central transtentorial herniation (of the diencephalon and midbrain), and uncal herniation. The diagrams using EEG, pupillary changes, eye movements with head turning and caloric stimulation, and motor responses are particularly graphic. The concept of rostral-caudal deterioration is well illustrated. Specific supratentorial lesions ( extracerebral and intracerebral) are mentioned and the mechanism of action pointed out.  A shorter chapter deals with subtentorial lesions causing coma, including vascular occlusions, hemorrhages, and neoplasms. The most elaborate chapter covers metabolic
Are written responses to referrals acceptable?: Author's reply
Authors: T J Littlewood
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
The Failure of Histidine and Vitamin C, and of Ether, to Improve the Peripheral Circulation
Authors: SYDNEY J. WEISMAN, EDGAR V. ALLEN
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Clinical experience has not confirmed previous observations that intravenous injection of vitamin C and intramuscular injection of histidine monohydrochloride are useful in the treatment of peripheral ischemia observed in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Clinical experience with intravenous injection of ether has failed to indicate that this method of treatment is of value in improving the peripheral arterial circulation in thrombo-angiitis obliterans and arteriosclerosis obliterans.
Antibodies against BCG antigen 60 in mycobacterial infection.
Authors: M Harboe, O Closs, B Bjorvatn, G Bjune
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A sensitive specific radioimmunoassay was developed to measure antibodies against BCG antigen 60, a prominent antigenic component of BCG bacilli which cross-reacts with similar components in many mycobacterial species including Mycobacterium leprae and M tuberculosis. A lepromatous serum pool had anti-BCG-60 activity with a titre of 10(5) and the tuberculoid pool a titre of 10(4). Testing of individual sera showed striking variations within groups of patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy. In five of the 20 tuberculoid leprosy sera the anti-BCG-60 activity was above the median for the lepromatous group. The current view that antibody formation against mycobacterial antigens is very low in tuberculoid leprosy thus no longer appears to be tenable. Sera from eight patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis also showed a striking variation in anti-BCG-60 content, and the median value of this group was even higher than in those with lepromatous leprosy.
Correction: Diagnostic Imaging Procedures for the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Richard A. Deyo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1989Correction: Diagnostic Imaging Procedures for the Lumbar SpineRichard A. Deyo, MDRichard A. Deyo, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-1050_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:There is a technical error concerning thermography in the editorial (1) published in the 1 December 1989 issue. The fourth sentence of the second paragraph on page 867 should have read: "The observation that sciatic nerve irritation may result inlowersurface skin temperatures has resulted in the use of liquid crystal and computed thermography of the lower extremities."...Reference1. DeyoBigosMaravilla RSK. Diagnostic imaging procedures for the lumbar spine. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:865-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard A. Deyo, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center Seattle, WA 98108 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1989Volume 111, Issue 12Page: 1050-1050KeywordsDiagnostic imagingSciatic nervesSpineTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Efficacy and tolerability of bendamustine, bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma: a phase II study
Authors: M Offidani, L Corvatta, L Maracci, A M Liberati, S Ballanti, I Attolico, P Caraffa, F Alesiani, T Caravita di Toritto, S Gentili, P Tosi, M Brunori, D Derudas, A Ledda, A Gozzetti, C Cellini, L Malerba, A Mele, A Andriani, S Galimberti, P Mondello, S Pulini, U Coppetelli, P Fraticelli, A Olivieri, P Leoni
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Bendamustine demonstrated synergistic efficacy with bortezomib against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and seems an effective treatment for relapsed-refractory MM (rrMM). This phase II study evaluated bendamustine plus bortezomib and dexamethasone (BVD) administered over six 28-day cycles and then every 56 days for six further cycles in patients with rrMM treated with 4 prior therapies and not refractory to bortezomib. The primary study end point was the overall response rate after four cycles. In total, 75 patients were enrolled, of median age 68 years. All patients had received targeted agents, 83% had 1-2 prior therapies and 33% were refractory to the last treatment. The response ratepartial response (PR) was 71.5% (16% complete response, 18.5% very good PR, 37% partial remission). At 12 months of follow-up, median time-to-progression (TTP) was 16.5 months and 1-year overall survival was 78%. According to Cox regression analysis, only prior therapy with bortezomib plus lenalidomide significantly reduced TTP (9 vs 17 months; hazard ratio=4.5; P=0.005). The main severe side effects were thrombocytopenia (30.5%), neutropenia (18.5%), infections (12%), neuropathy (8%) and gastrointestinal and cardiovascular events (both 6.5%). The BVD regimen is feasible, effective and well-tolerated in difficult-to-treat patients with rrMM.
Use of molar units for drugs and toxins.
Authors: L F Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1986)

pattern of mental handicap, with an explanation about the as yet himted predictive value of these.The problems with predictive testing are a fturther example of the ethical difficulties which beset research workers.It is becoming increasingly obvious that the division between clinical and research work is not clear and that the guidelines for the research worker's responsibility to his clients need better definition.
Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Oscar D. Ratnoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rock et al<sup>1</sup>reported that in studies in 1982, the stated content of ampules of lyophilized antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) concentrates often exceeded the measured content, as assayed in the authors' laboratory. They stated that this discrepancy, with its implications of systematic undertreatment of classic hemophilia, has been corrected, an opinion shared by Lusher.<sup>2</sup>In our own experience, this is overoptimistic. The titers of coagulant AHF (factor VIII:C) in two ampules of the same lot of a commercial concentrate were 60% and 62% of that listed on the label. The ampules' expiration date was March 11, 1987, suggesting that this was a recent lot. I obtained the same result in an inadvertent blind study of our AHF assay in 1983, in which the local Red Cross and my laboratory assayed the same samples. My values averaged 58% of theirs (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). The cause of
Conjunctivitis and skin erythema. Outbreak caused by a damaged high-intensity lamp
Authors: W. Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Eighty-one members of girls' basketball teams were exposed to ultraviolet light while sitting in the bleachers of a school gymnasium. A mercury high-intensity discharge lamp lighting the bleacher area had a hole in its outer envelope that allowed the emission of ultraviolet light. Sixty-nine (85%) of the 81 girls were affected; 49 (71%) had symptoms of conjunctivitis and 63 (91%) had symptoms of erythema. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1980-1981, 1978)
Switch from type II to I Fas/CD95 death signaling on in vitro culturing of primary hepatocytes
Authors: Dorothée Walter, Kathrin Schmich, Sandra Vogel, Robert Pick, Thomas Kaufmann, Florian Christoph Hochmuth, Angelika Haber, Karin Neubert, Sabine McNelly, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Irmgard Merfort, Ulrich Maurer, Andreas Strasser, Christoph Borner
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes in vivo proceeds through the so-called type II pathway, requiring the proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bid for mitochondrial death signaling. Consequently, Bid-deficient mice are protected from anti-Fas antibody injection induced fatal hepatitis. We report the unexpected finding that freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes, cultured on collagen or Matrigel, become independent of Bid for Fas-induced apoptosis, thereby switching death signaling from type II to type I. In such in vitro cultures, Fas ligand (FasL) activates caspase-3 without Bid cleavage, Bax/Bak activation or cytochrome c release, and neither Bid ablation nor Bcl-2 overexpression is protective. The type II to type I switch depends on extracellular matrix adhesion, as primary hepatocytes in suspension die in a Bid-dependent manner. Moreover, the switch is specific for FasL-induced apoptosis as collagen-plated Bid-deficient hepatocytes are protected from tumor necrosis factor alpha/actinomycin D (TNFα/ActD)-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data suggest a selective crosstalk between extracellular matrix and Fas-mediated signaling that favors mitochondria-independent type I apoptosis induction. (Hepatology 2008;48:1942-1953.)
How to measure renal function in clinical practice
Authors: Jamie Traynor, Robert Mactier, Colin C Geddes, Jonathan G Fox
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The reliable measurement of renal excretory function is of great importance in clinical practice and in research. The introduction of routine reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate and a new definition of chronic kidney disease has renewed interest in methods of measuring renal function. Coupled with this is the fact that several countries are moving towards population screening for renal impairment to try to reduce the associated increased cardiovascular risk. Accurate measurement is methodologically difficult so surrogate measures such as serum creatinine levels and prediction formulas (based on factors such as the patient's age, sex, and serum creatinine level) are more commonly used in routine practice. We describe routine and more specialised methods of assessing renal function and discuss estimated glomerular filtration rate.

The kidney has several interlinked functions (box). These depend on glomerular filtration rate, the unit measure of kidney function. Glomerular filtration rate can be defined as the volume of plasma cleared of an ideal substance per unit of time (usually expressed as ml/min). The ideal substance is one that is freely filtered at the glomerulus and neither secreted nor reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Creatinine is the closest to an ideal endogenous substance for measuring glomerular filtration rate.w1 Plasma creatinine is almost exclusively a product of the metabolism of creatine and phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle, although ingestion of meat may also contribute slightly.w2 w3 In patients with stable renal function, serum creatinine levels are usually constant, with variability daily of about only 8%.w4 w5 Creatinine is freely filtered at the glomerulus and is not reabsorbed, but up to 15% is actively secreted by the tubules.w6 In advanced renal failure, excretion of creatinine through the gastrointestinal tract increases.w7

Measuring the creatinine clearance using serum creatinine level and a timed urine collection gives an …
THE ISCHEMIC PARALYSIS AND CONTRACTURE OF VOLKMANN.
Authors: CHARLES A. POWERS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The immediate and remote effects of overtight fracture dressings on the muscles of the extremities, essentially a myositis, were first made known by Richard Volkmann<sup>1</sup>in 1875. Volkmann reported but one case of which we have knowledge. This was in the lower extremity and is one of two cases cited here, the remaining fifty of the fifty-two cases described in this paper involving the upper extremity. Further, Volkmann's patient was practically an adult, his age being 16 years, and, as will be shown below, the lesion which is known by Volkmann's name is pre-eminently one of childhood, the great majority of patients being between the ages of 3 and 12, while in turn the greater number of these were between the ages of 5 and 10. In 1884 Leser<sup>2</sup>published a short monograph on the subject, reporting no less than seven clinical cases. He also investigated the matter
Kallikrein 6 Induces E-Cadherin Shedding and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion
Authors: Britta Klucky, Regina Mueller, Ingeborg Vogt, Sibylle Teurich, Bettina Hartenstein, Kai Breuhahn, Christa Flechtenmacher, Peter Angel, Jochen Hess
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Recently, we described phorbol ester–induced expression of the brain and skin serine proteinase Bssp/kallikrein 6 (Klk6), the mouse orthologue of human KLK6, in mouse back skin and in advanced tumor stages of a well-established multistage tumor model. Here, we show KLK6 up-regulation in squamous skin tumors of human patients and in tumors of other epithelial tissues. Ectopic Klk6 expression in mouse keratinocyte cell lines induces a spindle-like morphology associated with accelerated proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity. We found reduced E-cadherin protein levels in the cell membrane and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in Klk6-expressing mouse keratinocytes and human HEK293 cells transfected with a KLK6 expression plasmid. Additionally, HEK293 cells exhibited induced T-cell factor–dependent transcription and impaired cell-cell adhesion in the presence of KLK6, which was accompanied by induced E-cadherin ectodomain shedding. Interestingly, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-3 interfere with KLK6-induced E-cadherin ectodomain shedding and rescue the cell-cell adhesion defect in vitro, suggesting the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase and/or a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteolytic activity. In line with this assumption, we found increased levels of the mature 62-kDa ADAM10 proteinase in cells expressing ectopic KLK6 compared with mock controls. Finally, enhanced epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and migration in concert with decreased E-cadherin protein levels are confirmed in an in vivo Klk6 transgenic mouse model. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8198–206]
Bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) via an arginase-1–dependent mechanism that is up-regulated by interleukin-13
Authors: Steven L. Highfill, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Qing Zhou, Christine A. Goetz, Brent H. Koehn, Rachelle Veenstra, Patricia A. Taylor, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Jonathan S. Serody, David H. Munn, Jakub Tolar, Augusto C. Ochoa, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2010)