tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
I-123 MIBG: A Practical Approach to Neurocardiac Imaging
Authors: Irfan Farukhi, Dana Mathews, Rhea Anne Campbell, Dorothy Smith, Philip Shie, Rubjit Chadha, David Brandon, William Erdman, Orhan Oz, Robert Parkey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scientific Abstracts: Nine Poster Presentations for the 51st Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine April 7-9, 2006, Hyatt Regency, Albuquerque, New Mexico http: //www.swcsnm.org: PDF Only
Functional role of the epicardium in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia. Observations derived from computerized epicardial activation mapping, entrainment, and epicardial laser photoablation.
Authors: L Littmann, R H Svenson, J J Gallagher, J G Selle, S H Zimmern, J M Fedor, P G Colavita
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Conventionally, monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with remote myocardial infarction is believed to originate from the subendocardium. In a previous study, we demonstrated that electrical activation patterns during ventricular tachycardia occasionally suggest a subepicardial rather than subendocardial reentry.This study prospectively evaluated the functional role of the epicardium in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia with complex intraoperative techniques including computerized electrical activation mapping, entrainment, observation of changes in activation pattern during successful epicardial laser photoblation, and histological study. Five of 10 consecutive patients undergoing intraoperative computerized activation mapping had 10 ventricular tachycardia morphologies displaying epicardial diastolic activation These 10 "epicardial" ventricular tachycardias revealed the following global activation patterns: monoregional spread (two), figure-eight activation (five), and circular macroreentry (three). Entrainment of ventricular tachycardia using epicardial stimulation was successfully performed from an area of slow diastolic conduction in four tachycardia morphologies. During entrainment, global activation remained undisturbed with recordings showing a long stimulus to QRS interval, unchanged QRS morphology, and pacing capture of all components of the reentry circuit. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser photocoagulation was delivered during ventricular tachycardia to epicardial sites of presumed reentry. Epicardial photoablation terminated five of five figure-eight tachycardias, two of three circular macroreentry tachycardias but not the monoregional tachycardias. Electrophysiological recordings during epicardial laser photocoagulation demonstrated progressive prolongation of ventricular tachycardia cycle length and apparent interruption of the presumed reentrant circuit. Histological evaluation of the reentrant region (three patients) showed a rim of surviving myocardium under the epicardial surface.This study suggests that 1) chronic postinfarction ventricular tachycardia may result from subepicardial macroreentry, 2) slow conduction within the reentry circuit can be localized by computerized mapping and epicardial entrainment, and 3) ventricular tachycardia interruption by laser photocoagulation results from conduction delay and block within critical elements of the reentrant pathway. Viable subepicardial muscle fibers may constitute the underlying pathology.
1145-117 Reduction in regional myocardial function is associated with concentric left ventricular remodeling: Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Boaz D Rosen, Thor Edvardsen, David Bluemke, Li Pen, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Sinha Shantanu, Shenghan Lai, Joao Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A SIMPLE PROOF OF THE CESSATION OF RESPIRATION.
Authors: MARSH PITZMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In the receiving room of the St. Louis City Hospital the ambulances bring in many patients dead, or apparently so, and it is my duty to determine quickly and definitely whether or not a patient is still living. These patients are pulseless and there is no visible sign of respiration. They appear extremely pallid, the pupils are dilated and there are the other signs of probable death. For the final proof we turn to the respiration. For some reason our reception room was not supplied with a mirror for the familiar breath test, so I was forced to a substitute. The mouth is closed by hand and then the anterior nares of both sides are filled and covered with fine soapsuds. If respiration has ceased there is absolutely no movement of the bubbles. As it is evident that a patient can not live without breathing, this test continued for a
Lead and Cadmium Levels and Balance and Vestibular Dysfunction among Adult Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004
Authors: Kyoung-Bok Min, Kyung-Jong Lee, Jae-Beom Park, Jin-Young Min
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Few studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for balance and vestibular dysfunction in general populations, but previous studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of lead and cadmium on balance control in high-risk groups.We evaluated the relationship between blood lead and cadmium levels and balance and vestibular dysfunction in a general population study.We analyzed data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 5,574 adults ≥ 40 years of age. Balance dysfunction was evaluated by the Romberg Test of Standing Balance on Firm and Compliant Support Surfaces, which examines the ability to stand unassisted using four test conditions to evaluate vestibular system, vision, and proprioception inputs that contribute to balance. Blood levels of lead and cadmium were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Associations were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Associations with time to loss of balance were estimated using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for balance dysfunction in association with the highest quintile (3.3-48 µg/dL) versus the lowest quintile (< 1.2 µg/dL) of lead was 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.89]. The corresponding OR for cadmium (0.9-7.4 µg/L vs. < 0.2 µg/L) was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.60). The adjusted hazard ratio for time to failure for the most physiologically challenging balance test among subjects with the highest vs. lowest quintiles of blood lead was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.48). Cadmium levels were not associated with time to failure.Our findings suggest that blood lead and cadmium levels may be associated with balance and vestibular dysfunction in a general sample of U.S. adults.
Respiratory system impedance in patients with acute left ventricular failure: pathophysiology and clinical interest.
Authors: F B Depeursinge, C D Depeursinge, A K Boutaleb, F Feihl, C H Perret
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To investigate the relationship between alterations in lung mechanics and acute pulmonary vascular congestion, repeated measurements of the respiratory system impedance (Zrs) were performed in 11 patients with and in seven without acute left ventricular failure. Indexes of Zrs were obtained by calculating the average and slope of the resistance and reactance in low (10 to 20 Hz) and high (20 to 50 Hz) frequency intervals. Zrs indexes in patients with ventricular failure differ significantly from those in patients without failure. Pulmonary vascular congestion is regularly associated with an abnormal frequency dependence of resistance at low frequencies and with an increased resonant frequency. Discriminant analysis of Zrs indexes allows 92% correct classification of pulmonary capillary wedge pressures lower than and those equal to or higher than 18 mm Hg. Zrs differences between patients with and without left ventricular failure are consistent with the presence of a small airways obstruction even in patients with mild left ventricular failure. Furthermore, use of Zrs indexes permits moderate and severe pulmonary vascular congestion to be distinguished from one another and this is probably due to a significant narrowing of the large airways during severe left ventricular failure.
Abstract B5: Sequence analysis of HSP90-encoding genes in breast tumor tissue identifies a novel 9 bp deletion in HSP90AB1
Authors: David I. Lichter, Hadi Danaee, Olga Tayber, Michael Sintchak, Keiske Kuida, Josephine M. Atienza, Hiroshi Miyake, Stephen J. Blakemore
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The 90 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) functions as a ubiquitous cellular chaperone in cells, and is required for the function and stability of many client proteins such as ERBB2, EGFR, BCR-ABL, MET, androgen and estrogen receptors, BRAF and HIF-1α.1 There are four primary genes that encode for HSP90 in humans: HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 (cytosolic), HSP90B1 (endoplasmic reticulum) and TRAP1 (mitochondrial). Increased HSP90 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in cancer, and inhibiting HSP90 can lead to degradation of many oncogenic client proteins via the proteasome pathway.1 HSP90 has been the subject of intense drug discovery activities, with several therapeutics under clinical investigation.2 However, the data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential somatic mutations within the HSP90-encoding genes in tumor tissue is limited. Target allelic variation can alter drug binding and therapeutic response, as demonstrated by Iressa™'s reported specific efficacy in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients.3 Therefore, it is critical to understand target allelic variance as part of a drug development program. To facilitate drug development efforts around HSP90, we investigated allelic variation within the coding regions of HSP90AA1 (second isoform) and HSP90AB1 genes in 49 formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded human breast tumor samples. Sample SNP data were compared to control data from the NCBI Entrez SNP database. We observed four synonymous changes within HSP90AA1, and two synonymous changes within HSP90AB1. Intriguingly, we also observed a heterozygous 9-base deletion in exon 1 of HSP90AB1 within one breast tumor patient sample. This deletion results in an alanine&amp;gt;valine substitution at amino acid 22 and a loss of amino acid 23-25 (glutamine, leucine, methionine). The deleted region includes one turn of a 3-turn alpha helix, located within the N-terminal domain structure of the HSP90AB1 protein. Full details of HSP90 allelic variance within breast tumor tissue, and a discussion of the potential functional significance of the deletion, will be provided. References: 1. Pearl LH, Prodromou C, Workman P. The HSP90 molecular chaperone: an open and shut case for treatment. Biochem J. 2008;410:439-53. 2. Hahn JS. The HSP90 chaperone machinery: From structure to drug development. BMB Reports. 2009;42(10):623-30. 3. Sequist LV, Bell DW, Lynch TJ, Haber DA. Molecular predictors of response to epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists in non- small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):587-95. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B5.
LEAD STUDIES
Authors: Joseph C. Aub, Paul Reznikoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

These three papers have developed the following facts, which suffice to explain completely the anemia of lead poisoning. In vitro, the exposure to a very small amount of lead greatly changes the surface of the red blood cells. Their permeability to water is so altered that they shrink and are incapable of swelling as much as normal cells. With this is associated a marked increase in the resistance to different osmotic surroundings-demonstrated by far less hemolysis than normal in salt solution of very low concentrations. The "leaded" cells, however, are relatively short lived, and hemolyze readily as the result of slight trauma. These observations can also be demonstrated in vivo as experiments with rabbits with acute lead poisoning show. In addition to these effects on permeability, lead alters the physical properties of red blood cells so that they lose their normal stickiness and are no longer agglutinated by the sera of different isoagglutinating groups. All these changes are evidence of an effect on the surface of the cell; the interior of the cell does not undergo disturbances; at least, the physiological properties of the hemoglobin remain normal. The chemical reaction which causes these physical changes in the cell is a precipitation of insoluble lead phosphate and a formation of acid. This causes the "leaded" red blood cell to change from an elastic distensible sac, to one which is contracted, relatively inelastic and brittle. In such condition the cell can poorly withstand the trauma involved in circulation of the blood, and this lack of resistance probably explains the marked destruction of peripheral blood in lead poisoning.
Illnes s in Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: Sidney Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In answer to Dr. Raventos' letter, I might say that I doubt if second-class airmen are offended by the name they have been given by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). His surmise is correct that Dr. Rose and I were referring to those holding second-class medical certification from the FAA. However, only about 80% are pilots. The remainder are flight engineers, aircraft mechanics, or fixed base operators. Our use of the term was perhaps a little confusing because air traffic controllers also come under the rubric of second-class airmen. I must agree with Dr. Raventos' comment that the life of a commercial pilot is far from free of environmental stress. If a group subject to less stress were to be examined by the FAA Aeromedical Examiners in accordance with the standard procedures for second-class medical certification, it would be most illuminating to compare them to the controllers.
Synthesis of Essential Amino Acids from Their α-Keto Analogues by Perfused Rat Liver and Muscle
Authors: Mackenzie Walser, Patricia Lund, Neil B. Ruderman, A. W. Coulter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Most essential amino acids can be replaced by their alpha-keto-analogues in the diet. These ketoacids have therefore been proposed as substitutes for dietary protein. In order to determine their fate in tissues of normal animals, isolated rat liver and hindquarter (muscle) preparations were perfused with keto-analogues of valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, or phenylalanine. When perfused at 1.5-2.0 mM, all five compounds were utilized rapidly by the liver of 48-h starved rats, at rates varying from 49 to 155 mumol/h per 200g rat. The corresponding amino acids appeared in the medium in significantly increased concentrations. Perfusion with phenylpyruvate also led to the appearance of tyrosine. Urea release was unaltered. Measurement of metabolite concentrations in freeze-clamped liver revealed two abnormalities, particularly at ketoacid concentrations of 5 mM or above: a large increase in alpha-ketoglutarate, and a moderate to marked decrease in tissue glutamine. This decrease was quantitatively sufficient to account for nitrogen appearing in newly synthesized amino acids. Isolated hindquarters of fed rats were perfused with the same ketoacids at concentrations of 1.3-8.0 mM. All were utilized at rates varying from 1.4 to 7.0 mumol/h per g muscle perfused. The corresponding amino acids were released at greatly increased rates. Alanine and glutamate levels fell in some perfusions, but the principal nitrogen donor in muscle was not identified; the content of glutamine in tissue, and its rate of release into the perfusate remained constant.
Getting a Handle on “Good” Cholesterol with the High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: A Rigotti, M Krieger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Plasma lipoproteins transport fats (cholesterol and triglyceride) and hence have a key role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol promotes atherogenesis, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol inhibits it. The total and relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fats in the diet can influence plasma lipoprotein levels and thus the risk of cardiovascular disease. This influence is due, at least in part, to the effects of dietary fats on lipoprotein receptors on the surfaces of cells that bind circulating lipoproteins tightly and mediate the internalization of lipoprotein cholesterol by cells. The discovery of LDL receptors 25 years ago by . . .
Restricted use of fetal VH3 immunoglobulin genes by unselected B cells in the adult. Predominance of 56p1-like VH genes in common variable immunodeficiency.
Authors: J Braun, L Berberian, L King, I Sanz, H L Govan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The large VH3 family of human immunoglobulin genes is commonly used throughout B cell ontogeny. However, B cells of the fetus and certain autoantibody-producing clones are restricted to a recurrent subset of VH3 genes, and VH3 B cells are deficient in certain immunodeficiency diseases. In this study, we have sequenced a set of rearranged VH3 genes generated by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from normal adults and those with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). In both groups, all cones were readily identifiable with the fetal VH3 subset, and were further distinguished by limited DH motifs and exclusive use of JH4. In CVI, the residual population of VH3 B cells were notable for predominant use of 56p1-like VH genes. All clones displayed sequence divergence (including somatic mutation) with evidence of strong selection against complementarity-determining region (CDR) coding change. A survey of other V gene families indicates that human V gene diversity may be restricted in general by germline mechanisms. These findings suggest that the expressed antibody repertoire in the human adult may be much smaller than anticipated, and selected by processes in part distinct from the paradigm of maximal antigen-binding diversity.
Distinguishing between salt poisoning and hypernatraemic dehydration in children
Authors: M. G Coulthard
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<i>Hypernatraemia caused by salt poisoning or dehydration must be distinguished correctly, as the two situations need different legal and medical approaches. Two nephrologists discuss the physiology of hypernatraemia and explain how to differentiate between cases caused by salt poisoning and dehydration</i>
Scrotal Masses in Healed Meconium Peritonitis
Authors: Walter E. Berdon, David H. Baker, Joshua Becker, Peter De Sanctis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MECONIUM peritonitis, representing in utero perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, is usually associated with neonatal intestinal obstruction, secondary either to atresia, volvulus, or adhesions from the peritonitis. Only rarely1 2 3 4 5 6 may the infants be without any signs of gastrointestinal abnormality. Such male infants may have "hydroceles" at birth, only to return at four weeks of age with hard scrotal "tumor masses." Such masses represent the rapid calcification and tissue reaction of meconium peritonitis; the fetal scrotum communicates with the peritoneal cavity through the patent processus vaginalis through the last months of pregnancy until delivery. Because the correct diagnosis is not suspected . . .
Dose-dense induction with sequential high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantone (S-HAM) and pegfilgrastim results in a high efficacy and a short duration of critical neutropenia in de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a pilot study of the AMLCG
Authors: Jan Braess, Karsten Spiekermann, Peter Staib, Andreas Grüneisen, Bernhard Wörmann, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Hubert Serve, Albrecht Reichle, Rudolf Peceny, Daniel Oruzio, Christoph Schmid, Xaver Schiel, Marcus Hentrich, Christina Sauerland, Michael Unterhalt, Michael Fiegl, Wolfgang Kern, Christian Buske, Stefan Bohlander, Achim Heinecke, Herrad Baurmann, Dietrich W. Beelen, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Thomas Büchner, Wolfgang Hiddemann
Journal: Blood (2009)
Persistent fever and rash in a young child
Authors: P. J. Gill, D. Burgner, A. Harnden
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 22 month old white Australian boy presented to his general practitioner with irritability, red eyes, and a two day history of high fever (highest at 41°C) that did not respond to paracetamol and ibuprofen. He had no history of cough, coryza, or rash. His medical history was unremarkable and immunisations were up to date. On examination, he had bilateral non-exudative conjunctival injection and was diagnosed with a non-specific febrile illness with associated conjunctivitis. His family then took him on a planned family holiday to Thailand where his conjunctivitis improved, but the fevers continued unabated. In addition to the fevers, his parents noted a mild nappy rash. On day 8 of the illness, his parents took him to a local clinic after a couple of episodes of diarrhoea. He was diagnosed with gastroenteritis. Later that day he became more unwell with increasing irritability and a progressive rash so his parents took him to hospital. He was dehydrated and lethargic and physical examination showed cervical lymphadenopathy, fissured lips, and an injected pharynx. His hands and feet were oedematous and his legs were covered in a pink maculopapular rash. Blood tests showed leucocytosis and increased acute phase reactants, but other haematological markers were normal. A chest radiograph was normal. He was admitted with presumed bacterial sepsis and started on broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics. However, after two days of antibiotics, his symptoms did not improve.



### 1 What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?

#### Short answer

Kawasaki disease.

#### Long answer

The most likely diagnosis is Kawasaki disease. Differential diagnoses to be considered in a child with a history of …
Cataract Extraction after Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: William E. Smiddy, Ronald G. Michels, Walter J. Stark, A. Edward Maumenee
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)

Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) was done in 31 eyes of 27 patients after previous retinal reattachment surgery with scleral buckling. A posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in 21 eyes. No significant modifications in the cataract surgical technique were necessary. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 26 eyes (84%). The complication rate was low. One patient was found to have a retinal detachment (RD) after cataract extraction that probably predated the cataract surgery. No recurrent retinal tears or detachment developed in any patients during an average 24-month follow-up period.
Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of microcytic anemias due to genetic disorders of iron metabolism or heme synthesis
Authors: Albertine E. Donker, Reinier A. P. Raymakers, L. Thom Vlasveld, Teus van Barneveld, Rieneke Terink, Natasja Dors, Paul P. T. Brons, Nine V. A. M. Knoers, Dorine W. Swinkels
Journal: Blood (2014)
Cardioglobulin B Content of the Blood Plasma of Newborn Infants
Authors: SERGIO A. BENCOSME, D. J. DELAHAYE, J. E. FAY, N. OZEN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A comparative study was made of the cardioglobulin B content of the plasma of 26 normal adults and 20 newborn infants with the bioassay technique described by Hajdu and Leonard. The cardioglobulin B content in the plasma of infants was significantly lower than that of adults. Heparin was used as the anticoagulant in the blood samples throughout this study. It was noted that, when heparin containing phenol as a preservative was employed, the cardioglobulin B levels were lower in both groups.