tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF THE MILLER-ABBOTT TUBE IN SUBTOTAL COLECTOMY AND OTHER SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The Miller-Abbott tube for the small intestine has acquired a permanent place in the therapeutic and diagnostic armamentarium of the surgical clinic. Its established uses are (1) in intestinal obstruction,<sup>1</sup>(2) in roentgen diagnosis of lesions of the small intestine<sup>2</sup>and (3) as an adjunct to operations involving intestinal suture to remove tension from the line of suture.<sup>3</sup>We have recently been impressed by its value in an additional group of conditions as a part of the technic of laparotomy. These cases are those in which it is of advantage to decrease the volume of the intraperitoneal contents (cases 1 and 2) or to have a method for the certain identification of intestinal loops (case 3). Its use in decreasing the intraperitoneal volume in operations for ventral hernia has been pointed out by Johnston.<sup>4</sup>Many others have undoubtedly employed the Miller-Abbott tube in these operations, but
Sequential Liver Imaging in the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: Discordant Images with Scintigraphy, Ultrasound, and Computed Tomography
Authors: WILLIAM L. WHITE, HEINZ W. WAHNER, MANUEL L. BROWN, E MEREDITH JAMES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Sequential liver scintigrams in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome were used to demonstrate liver involvement initially and then to show progression of hepatic disease followed by gradual normalization on treatment. Computed tomography and ultrasound images of the liver were normal; thus, tissue density differences and sonar interfaces were apparently not sufficiently large for detection of tissue infiltrates, whereas abnormalities in Kupffer cell function resulted in abnormal scintigram images. A pattern of changing and vanishing filling defects on the scintigram while computed tomography and ultrasound images were normal was observed in the hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Manipulation for lumbar disc prolapse.
Authors: J Cyriax
Journal: BMJ (1969)

the National Drugs Advisory Board in Dublin in March, 1968.A full report is being prepared.While the association of bulk sales of these aerosols to occasional asthma deaths appears established, the exact nature of causation is not known.There is a need for more basic research on the effect of isoprenaline in man.It may well be that certain asthmatics develop an idiosyncrasy to it rather than a dose- dependent effect on a hypoxic myoiardium in severe airways obstruction.This thought has occurred because of the beneficial use of intravenous isoprenaline in some low output states not always with a healthy myocardium or fully oxygenated arterial blood, and because of the apparently innocuous or moderate airways-obstruction present in many asthmatics shortly before an unexpected death.-Iam, etc.
623. Receptor-Independent Cell Entry of Adenovirus-Polylactide Nanoparticle Composites Leads to an Increased Gene Expression in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Michael Chorny, Ilia Fishbein, Ivan Alferiev, Origene Nyanguile, Robert J. Levy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Adenovirus is a promising gene vector for therapeutic applications. However its effective use is compromised, since AdV-mediated gene transfer is optimal in cell types expressing high amounts of Coxsackie-AdV receptor (CAR). Our goal was to investigate immobilization of AdV on biodegradable particles platform as a means to achieve improved gene transfer independent of the receptor-dependent pathway, and characterize the efficacy of this approach in vitro.
Prophylactic rabies vaccine dose, cost cut
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Rabies prophylaxis will shortly become easier and considerably cheaper. The amount of Mérieux human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) given in three doses, before exposure, to those likely to be exposed to rabies because of their occupation or who live in rabies-endemic areas will be reduced from the current 1.0 mL per dose to 0.1 mL per dose. (The postexposure dosage, 5.0 mL given in five equal doses over a one-month period, will remain unchanged.) In turn, this will reduce the present $135 cost of the three-dose schedule to $45. The Office of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, is in the final stages of testing the HDCV lots for consistency and potency. "I think this will be completed sometime this month [June], but of course I can't be certain," said Pinya Cohen, MD, medical director and vice-president of the Mérieux Institute, Miami, in an interview with<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. Mérieux
Hypophosphataemia in Septicaemia: Higher Incidence in Gram-negative Than in Gram-positive Infections
Authors: G. F. Riedler, W. A. Scheitlin
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Phosphataemia has been investigated in 54 patients with Gram-negative septicaemias; either absolute (serum phosphate <2 mg./100 ml.) or relative (P./B.U.N. 0.04) hypophosphataemia was found in 69% of all determinations. In 37 patients with Gram-positive septicaemias hypophosphataemia was present in only 24%, many of whom had additional Gram-negative bacteriuria and possible Gram-negative septicaemia suppressed by antibiotics. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not known. This new sign of Gram-negative septicaemia has some diagnostic importance.
Immunohistochemical detection of advanced glycosylation end-products in the peritoneum and its possible pathophysiological role in CAPD
Authors: Masaaki Nakayama, Yoshindo Kawaguchi, Kenichi Yamada, Toshio Hasegawa, Kazunori Takazoe, Naohiko Katoh, Hiroshi Hayakawa, Naoyuki Osaka, Hiroyasu Yamamoto, Aiichiro Ogawa, Hitoshi Kubo, Takashi Shigematsu, Osamu Sakai, Seikou Horiuchi
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Caffeine opens airways for asthmatics
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Whichever way it's brewed, as long as it contains caffeine, coffee is bound to give you a boost. And even moderate amounts can result in bronchodilation, says Michael Simmons, of the UCLA School of Medicine. Simmons, who spoke at the recent meeting of the American College of Chest Physicians in Chicago, said that although caffeine, a methylxanthine, is believed to be a bronchodilator and thus to have implications for patients with asthma, the effects on the lungs of consuming moderate amounts of coffee had not been quantitated before. (The effects on the lungs of much greater amounts were reported in the<i>Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</i>[1983;71:131].) Caffeine is in part metabolized to theophylline. The Los Angeles research team, headed by Henry Gong, Jr, MD, found that three cups of coffee (averaging a total of 433 mg caffeine) produced a 20% peak increase in forced expiratory volume in 1
TYPHOID MENINGITIS IN A TWO MONTHS OLD BABY
Authors: Panos S. Dukakis
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Typhoid meningitis is a rare complication of typhoid. There have been only thirty-three cases of typhoid meningitis reported in the literature. Statistics of the medical clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital show that out of 2,768 cases of typhoid there have been five cases of typhoid meningitis. In making a rather careful review of the literature I have been able to find only thirty cases of general meningitis in infants under 3 months old. Out of these, three cases occurred in infants from 6 to 8 weeks old, the great majority being due, in the order of frequency, to<i>B. coli</i>, streptococcus, meningococcus, pneumococcus and the tubercle bacillus. There was only one case of paratyphoid meningitis in children under 1 year. This patient was 7 months of age and originally had meningococcus meningitis, but the paratyphoid bacillus appeared in the fluid during the
The flip side of obesity: those who undereat
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Though Americans often are chided for their tendency to overeat, there are many—particularly adolescent girls and menstruating women—who are not eating enough and whose preoccupation with "thinness" is damaging their health. Nathan J. Smith, MD, professor of pediatrics and orthopedics in the Division of Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, told a symposium on diet and exercise in Orlando, Fla, that to maintain their energy balance—avoid taking in more calories than they expend in exercise—many people are depriving themselves of essential nutrients, such as iron. The symposium was sponsored by the American Medical Association and the Florida Medical Association. "It is... difficult and often impossible to assure nutritional adequacy... with diets of less than 2,000 calories for adults and adolescents," said Smith. He added that the problem of depleted nutrients has been best documented in studies of adolescent girls and women in their reproductive years who must
Coordination between NF-κB family members p50 and p52 is essential for mediating LTβR signals in the development and organization of secondary lymphoid tissues
Authors: James C. Lo, Soumen Basak, Ethan S. James, Raechel S. Quiambo, Marcus C. Kinsella, Maria-Luisa Alegre, Falk Weih, Guido Franzoso, Alexander Hoffmann, Yang-Xin Fu
Journal: Blood (2005)
The Study of Purine Utilization and Excretion in a Xanthinuric Man*
Authors: John H. Ayvazian, Solomon Skupp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

MethodsUricase and xanthine oxidase,l chromatographically pure reference purines (xanthine, hypoxanthine, adenine, and guanine) ,2 and the C'-labeled purines 8 were obtained commercially.Their specific activities were: guanine-8-C14, 11.9 mc per mmole; adenine-8-C", 53.5 mc per mmole; and hypoxanthine-8-C", 39.3 mc per mmole.Plasma and urinary uric acid were determined by an enzymatic spectrophotometric method (4).The uricase solution was diluted 1: 20 to minimize the changes that occur in its optical density absorption at a wave length of 293 m/u so that it would not significantly affect the assay of minute quantities of uric acid.Xanthine and hypoxanthine were determined by the :1 1.
A mutant cardiac sodium channel with multiple biophysical defects associated with overlapping clinical features of Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease
Authors: N Shirai
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Loss of Na+ channel function has been implicated in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) and Brugada syndrome. We have studied the biophysical properties of an IVF mutation (S1710L) that exhibited an unusual clinical phenotype: rate-dependent bundle branch block without manifestation of Brugada-type ECG pattern. Methods: The mutant S1710L channels were expressed in mammalian cells and their gating properties, studied using whole-cell patch clamp techniques, were compared with wild-type (WT) and a Brugada syndrome mutant channel T1620M. Results: The S1710L channel exhibited significantly faster macroscopic current decay than WT or T1620M. In addition, S1710L showed a negative shift in the voltage-dependence of fast inactivation and slower recovery from fast inactivation than in WT or T1620M. In addition to the alterations in fast inactivation most commonly observed in Brugada syndrome mutations, S1710L exhibited marked enhancement in slow inactivation and a large positive shift of activation that potentially decreases conduction velocity. Conclusions: These functional abnormalities may be responsible for the overlapping clinical phenotypes associated with Brugada syndrome and the cardiac conduction defect, a novel cardiac Na+ channelopathy.
Atrial Rupture of the Heart
Authors: ROBERT M. KOHN, RAYMOND HARRIS, L. WHITTINGTON GORHAM
Journal: Circulation (1954)

This paper reports a case of atrial rupture of the heart and reviews 79 other cases collected from the literature proven by autopsy. Incidence, etiology, pathologic physiology, diagnosis and possible treatment are discussed. Infarction of the atrial wall due to an obliterative endarteritis or thrombotic occlusion is the most common cause of spontaneous rupture of the atrium. With a high index of suspicion of atrial rupture in a patient with atrial infarction or cardiac tamponade, earlier diagnosis and surgical treatment may become possible.
Use of population based background rates of disease to assess vaccine safety in childhood and mass immunisation in Denmark: nationwide population based cohort study
Authors: T. A. Rasmussen, M. R. S. Jorgensen, S. Bjerrum, S. Jensen-Fangel, H. Stovring, L. Ostergaard, O. S. Sogaard
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To predict the number of selected outcomes temporally associated but not caused by vaccination, to aid causality assessment of adverse events arising after mass immunisation in a paediatric population. <b>Design</b> Nationwide population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Denmark. <b>Participants</b> All liveborn infants delivered after 1 January 1980. Study population was followed from date of birth until hospital admission for selected outcome diagnoses, death, first emigration, age 18 years, or 31 December 2009. The study population was subject to vaccines used in standard childhood immunisation in Denmark, with 82-93% vaccine coverage. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Incidence of acute infectious and post-infectious polyneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome), acute transverse myelitis, optic polyneuritis, facial nerve palsy, anaphylactic shock, seizure, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, type 1 diabetes mellitus, juvenile and rheumatoid arthritis, narcolepsy, and death of unknown cause stratified by sex, age, and season. We predicted the number of events for a hypothetical vaccine cohort of 1 000 000 people for follow-up periods of up to 182 days. <b>Results</b> The study included 2 300 227 liveborn infants, yielding 37 262 404 person years of follow-up; median follow-up was 16.8 person years. Incidence of outcome diagnoses spanned from 0.32 per 100 000 patient years for autoimmune thrombocytopenia to 189.82 per 100 000 patient years for seizure. Seasonal differences were most pronounced for anaphylactic shock, seizure, and multiple sclerosis. Even for rare outcomes, numerous events were predicted in the hypothetical vaccine cohort. We predicted that 20 cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, 19 of juvenile or rheumatoid arthritis, eight of facial nerve palsy, and five of multiple sclerosis per 1 000 000 children would occur within 42 days after vaccination. <b>Conclusions</b> Incorporating exact background rates of disease based on age, sex, and seasonal distribution could strengthen vaccine safety assessment, and provides an evidence based focus for discussing the incremental risk of newly introduced vaccines.
Bleeding Risks From Heparin Treatment
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The communication of Vieweg et al on the complications of intravenous administration of heparin sodium in elderly women (<b>213</b>:1303, 1970) bears out our own experience. One point might deserve a little positive emphasis: the Lee-White clotting time was of little help in the early detection of bleeding in their patients. It has been our opinion that the only way to detect bleeding early is through careful daily clinical observation and heeding such symptoms as pain in the hip, groin, or flank. I think too many internists labor under the illusion that careful following of the clotting time will alert them to this complication and our experience definitely belies it. There is no laboratory substitute for careful clinical observation.
Conduct Disorder and Callous–Unemotional Traits in Youth
Authors: R. James R. Blair, Ellen Leibenluft, Daniel S. Pine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Children with repetitive rule-breaking, aggression, and disregard for others are at increased risk for substance abuse, educational disruption, and criminal behavior. Progress is being made toward understanding the clinical and neurocognitive features of callous youth.
THE USE OF DICHLORAMIN-T IN THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SURGICAL INFECTION
Authors: WALTER ESTELL LEE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The attempts of surgeons, during the early months of the present war, to close gunshot wounds at the time of the primary operation were uniformly followed by disastrous results. Virulent infections of gas gangrene, streptococci, pneumococci, and other pathogenic organisms had invariably followed primary closure and it was therefore ordered that all gunshot wounds should be left open. This decision, of course, ordained that practically every gunshot wound was to become an infected wound. At the present time surgeons of the allied armies are closing their wounds, when mechanically possible, at the time of the primary operation as a matter of routine, just as they would civilian wounds, and are obtaining primary union without infection in from 85 to 90 per cent. of the cases so treated. After four years, military surgeons are now agreed that the most important factors in the prevention of infection in traumatic military wounds are:
John William Fasham
Authors: Katrina Cathie
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer house officer Isle of Wight and Dorchester (b 1979; q Southampton 2003), died on 13 February 2005 after jumping into a lake.




Figure 1




John began studying medicine at Southampton University in 1998 and featured in several episodes of the BBC medical docusoap City Hospital. After graduating he completed his house jobs on the Isle of Wight and in Dorchester. At the first opportunity he escaped to New Zealand, where the lure of outdoor pursuits and extreme sports satisfied his thirst for adventure. On the day he died John was happy and satisfied, having fun with friends as he jumped into a lake at a local beauty spot. John was a committed Christian.
Hazards for elderly people admitted for respite ("holiday admissions") and social care ("social admissions").
Authors: G S Rai, C Bielawska, P J Murphy, G Wright
Journal: BMJ (1986)

biochemistry was normal, but results ofliver function tests were deranged, with a bilirubin concentration of 46 ,mol/l (2-7 mg/100 ml), alkaline phosphatase 265 U/1, and y-glutamyltransferase 263 U/1.Arterial blood gas tensions were: oxygen 8'0 kPa (60 mm Hg), carbon dioxide 3-9 kPa (29 mm Hg), bicarbonate 21 mmol (mEq)/I, and pH 7-45.Haemoglobin concentration was 172 gI.The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity was 1-5:2-43 litres (predicted 2'0 (SD 0 4):2'6 (0-4) litres).Ventilation perfusion' lung scanning showed no evidence of pulmonary embolism.Echocardiography showed an enlarged right ventricle and right atrium, paradoxical motion of the interventricular septum, but normal left sided structures.At heart catheterisation the pressures were: right atrium, atrial 22 mm Hg, ventricular 28 mm Hg (mean 18 mm Hg); right ventricle 120/20 mm Hg; pulmonary artery 120/60 (mean 75 mm Hg; aorta 140/80 (mean 95) mm Hg; and left ventricle 140/0-10 mm Hg.Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure could not be obtained.Pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation was 51% and aortic 90%, with no evidence of an intracardiac shunt.Cardiac index was 1-5 litres/min/m2.
Resolution of Diabetic Cheiroarthropathy After Pancreatic Transplantation
Authors: Samantha L. Hider, Dipak K. Roy, Titus Augustine, Neil Parrott, Ian N. Bruce
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

A 51-year-old man was referred to our unit with a 12-month history of progressive impairment of hand function. He was unable to make a fist and had difficulty picking up small objects. He did not describe any joint pain, swelling, or morning stiffness, and there were no features to suggest an inflammatory arthropathy. He had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 7 years, complicated by diabetic nephropathy requiring a renal transplant 20 years previously (for which he was on long-term ciclosporin) and retinopathy.

On examination, his skin appeared slightly thickened. He had contractures evidenced by a positive prayer …
783. Transient Transduction of Repopulating Human CD34 Cells Using Nanoparticles in a Clinically Applicable Ex Vivo Protocol
Authors: Jesper Bonde, Dustin J. Maxwell, David A. Hess, Ryan Lahey, David Piwnica-Worms, Jan A. Nolta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Transient transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells with novel nano-sized iron particles offers a new approach to transient cell modulation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, nano particles serve a dual purpose by enabling tracking of labeled cells in vivo by means of magnetic resonance imaging. However, defining ex vivo cultivation strategies for the transduction and/or labeling of human HSC using these particles has not yet been well investigated. Here we present in vitro and in vivo data on human cord blood CD34+ HSC subjected to a 24 hr. clinically applicable ex vivo transduction protocol including protamine complexed ferrumoxide nanoparticles conjugated to Alexa 647 dye (FE-PRO[647]). Cell cultivation were carried out in tissue culture-treated 6 well plates coated with the CH-296 fibronectin fragment. We used X-Vivo 15 defined serum free media supplemented with 10 ng/ml rhTPO, rhSCF, and Flt-3-ligand. Initial CFU-GEMM data indicated that the presence of the FE-PRO [647] did not compromise the human HSC ability to generate colonies in vitro. Subsequent transplantation of labeled human cord blood CD34+ into beta2-NOD/SCID mice for in vivo tracking using flow cytometry consistently showed FE-PRO[647] labeled CD34+ cells in the marrow of the recipients three weeks post transplantation. The total human CD45 engraftment as evaluated in total murine marrow was 18.7+/|[minus]|11.3% (N=7), with a CD34+ component of 10.2+/|[minus]|9.0% (N=7). All 7 animals in the cohort were positive for FE-PRO[647] positive engrafted human cells (0.9+/|[minus]| 0.2 %, N=7). Most interestingly, a striking correlation of the total FE-PRO[647] positive cells and the CD34+ HSC was found in the marrow of the recipients (FE-PRO[647]+/CD34+ was 0.8+/|[minus]|0.2, N=7). Though a subset of CD133+ cells was found in all engrafted mice, interestingly enough no correlation of FE-PRO[647] and CD133+ was found. Moreover, correlating the mean fluorescence activity of the initially FE-PRO [647] transduced CB CD34+ cells to the FE-PRO[647]+/ CD34+ cells found in the recipient marrows 3 weeks post transplantation (relative value: 90.5 versus 2.9+/|[minus]|0.7, N=7) indicated that these CD34+ cells had only divided a total of 5 times over the 3 weeks time period. We hypothesize that these CD34+ cells represent long term engrafting human HSC, whereas the majority of the resulting CD34+ engraftment represents committed progenitors, giving rise to short term engraftment. Overall, these data show that nano particles can indeed be used to transiently transduce repopulating human HSC. This has lead us to define conditions for in vivo modulation of human HSC by co-transduction of FE-PRO[647] and the HIVEF1-EGFP lenti viral vector, with the aim of improving the lenti viral transduction efficiency. In vitro and in vivo data will be presented.
Match and Mismatch: Identifying the Neuronal Determinants of Pain
Authors: Kenneth L. Casey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Despite the increased intensity and sophistication of research on pain mechanisms in the past three decades, serious uncertainties remain about the neuronal origin of pain, especially in painful clinical conditions. Although a positive correlation between nociceptive afferent activity and the subjective perception of pain has been seen under controlled experimental conditions, important mismatches point to the critical importance of central nervous system processes as determinants of pain. Multiple peripheral, segmental, and supraspinal neuronal activities control nociceptive processing at all levels of the neuraxis. Three studies in this issue highlight the problem of identifying the neuronal determinants of pain by addressing contrasting mismatches: angina-like chest pain without an obvious cause and a potential source of angina (myocardial ischemia) without pain. The results of these studies suggest that selective visceral hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia of peripheral or central origin may be present without other clinical evidence for neurologic abnormality. Complex mechanisms interacting at several levels of the nervous system appear to be involved.