tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chlorid of Sodium.
Authors: E. Chenery
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Boston, Jan. 13, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Salt in excess of what occurs in natural food appears to be necessary with the human family as it is with animals. Both a deprivation of it and a large excess of it, especially in the absence of vegetable food, works evil to the body, producing various sorts of disease both in body and in mind. Salt exists in all the fluids of the body. It appears to stimulate every tissue and have an influence over the metabolic changes in every part, and at all times. Yet how far these changes can be usefully modified by diminishing or increasing the ordinary amount of salt is not settled. Sure it is that some cases in practice have been improved by decreasing the salt supply, while others have gained on increasing the usual daily amount of it. Küss says it is indispensable to the formation
99 Ischemic preconditioning during donor procurement in orthotopic liver transplantation. Preliminary results of a prospective and randomized trial
Authors: A. Amador, J. Marti, G. Rodriguez-Laiz, E. Bombuy, G. Alvarez, J. Ferrer, R. Charco, J. Fuster, J.C. Garcia-Valdecasas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
New noncontact multielectrode array catheter mathematically reconstructs left bundle branch potentials
Authors: Hiroshi Nakagawa, Graydon Beatty, James H. McClelland, Lawrence E. Widman, Mauricio Arruda, Karen J. Beckman, Mario D. Gonzalez, Ralph Lazzara, Wyn Davies, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Alphabet Soup: More or Less?
Authors: William O. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Some three months ago, our Medical Record Department (MRD), attempting to comply fully with the requirements of the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH), circularized to members of our staff a list of approved abbreviations (aa) used in our hospital. The list was to be updated; appropriate additions (aa) were to be inserted. Already it consisted of 21 pages of double-spaced entries. Here, no less, was a call for still more. (Interestingly one of our outstanding sister hospitals has an approved list 96 pages in length.)  Assuming that the basic purpose of abbreviating is to improve communication——ie, increasing brevity while maintaining accuracy—concern was expressed that so many abbreviations might actually serve instead to confuse. The obvious question: Were the abbreviations actually understood by our staff?  Over the next week we combed the total list for a representative sample of 26 items and prepared them for
INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CANCER AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Ann Bøcher Secher Banke, Morten Schou, Lars Videbaek, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Finn Gustafsson, Jacob E. Møller, Jordi S. Dahl, Lars Køber, Per R. Hildebrandt, Gunnar H. Gislason
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cockroach allergy and exposure to cockroach allergen in Polish children with asthma
Authors: I. Stelmach, J. Jerzynska, W. Stelmach, P. Majak, G. Chew, P. Gorski, P. Kuna
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Asthma morbidity increases every year, especially among children, and exposure to high levels of indoor allergens is a very important factor. We evaluated the prevalence and exposure to cockroach (CR) allergen in asthmatic children in Poland, and also tested the hypothesis that asthma with allergy to CR is more severe than with allergy to other antigens. Methods: One hundred and sixty children with asthma were examined, had skin prick tests (SPT) with common and CR allergens, underwent spirometry, and provocation tests to histamine. Children with positive SPT to CR had measured specific IgE levels to this antigen and Bla g 2 concentrations were measured in their homes. Results: The most common allergen, was dust mite 51.3%, followed by pollen 48.8% and CR allergen 24.3%. In children with CR sensitivity, 13% had mild asthma, 26% moderate and 61% had severe asthma. Their levels for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), and the provocative concentration of histamine that caused a 20% fall in FEV 1 (PC 20 ), were statistically lower than in the group of children with other than CR allergies. Bla g 2 antigen was detected in 55.13% samples. The highest levels of Bla g 2 were found in old houses, without central heating, and in houses with lower income. Conclusion: In Polish children, CR allergen is a very important factor of sensitivity. Concentrations of Bla g 2 in homes are higher than previously reported in other European countries, and are strongly related to the houses' characteristics. Also, children with CR hypersensitivity have severe asthma more often than children with other allergies.
BARBERS' PILONIDAL SINUS
Authors: John Godwin Downing
Journal: JAMA (1952)

A 71-year-old man, who has been a barber for 40 years, stopped work in August, 1950, because of dermatitis of the right hand. While he was cutting hair, short bristles would frequently irritate the second interspace of his right hand. Gradually, a rash appeared at this area and spread over the hand and forearm. Examination on Sept. 25, 1950, showed marked erythema, edema, and vesiculation of the fingers of both hands. The patient said he had had no eruption elsewhere. This dermatitis responded to soothing treatment in three weeks. The patient then admitted having an ulcer on his right ankle, which had not responded to treatment by a vascular surgeon, and he requested therapy. The ulcer healed on Nov. 7. His right hand had remained well; however, a small, red, pouting sinus was seen at the right second interspace. Protruding from this sinus was a small hair; in fact, the
Synergistic action of myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide in controlling coronary blood flow.
Authors: T P Broten, J L Romson, D A Fullerton, D M Van Winkle, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A two-part experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, as measured by coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, determine coronary blood flow during increases in myocardial oxygen consumption. The left main coronary artery was pump-perfused at constant pressure in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs. Oxygenators in the perfusion circuit permitted control of coronary arterial gas tensions. The steady-state relation between coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions and coronary flow at a constant myocardial oxygen consumption was determined by locally altering coronary arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. Values of coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions and coronary flow were also obtained at normal coronary arterial gas tensions during pacing-induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption. The data yielded a hyperbolic relation among coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tension and coronary flow during constant myocardial metabolism, suggesting a synergistic interaction between myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in determining coronary flow. This relation was then used to predict the coronary flow change during pacing-induced increases in myocardial metabolism. Approximately 40% of the flow response during pacing-induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption was predicted. In conclusion, coronary venous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions synergistically interact to produce steady-state changes in coronary flow at a constant myocardial oxygen consumption. Changes in myocardial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions can account for about 40% of the change in coronary flow during moderate changes in myocardial oxygen consumption.
Notes of Clinical Lecture on Torsion, and on the Dressing of Wounds
Authors: G. W. Callender
Journal: BMJ (1872)

previous case, with the exception that the side-piece was narrower and much stronger.He did not rise for three days after it had been fitted, owing to his clothes not being at hand.November 4th.The patient was up to-day for two hours.He was still weak, and required to be supported by the nurse.November 8th.The patient was now up daily about two hours, and was improving in health.He could now walk himself, but was yet very weak.The anterior wound was healthy and healing.The pos- terior wound was also looking well, but required to be strapped, owing to a tendency to retraction in its lower lip.His appetite was good, and his condition generally fast improving.November 13th.The patient was up daily, and could walk without support.The anterior wound was nearly healcd; the posterior one was healthy, but not much diminished in size.REMARKS.-This boy was in fair condition when admitted; and although he has never had a bad symptom, his progress has been slower than that of the subject of the preceding report.For this it is scarcely possible to assign any good reason.The report bears that the head of the femur was dislocated into the notch; to this some may object, but all agree in allowing the existence of considerable displacement, however they may explain it.CASE [m1.-GeorgeMcCorkindale, aged 4, was admitted on Novem- ber 20th, 1870, and was operated on on May i8th, after lon trial of rest and extension.His progress at first was similar to that of others; but after some months he became so weak and emaciated, partly from discharge, but more especially from tuberculosis (pulmonary), so that no hope of recovery remained; and he died on October 25th.The prolonged confinement must have had much to do with this result.During the treatment of these cases, it became painfully evident that my young patients were suffering very much from their confinement to
Axillofemoral Bypass Graft
Authors: John A. Mannick, Donald C. Nabseth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Circulation in the lower extremities can be restored by creation of a subcutaneous shunt between the axillary and common femoral arteries. This procedure was used 19 times in 17 poor-risk patients because of severe ischemia of both legs secondary to aortoiliac occlusive disease or, in two cases, because of sepsis of previous aortoiliac reconstruction. One patient, an emergency case, died on the third day after operation. Of the remaining 16, followed for four to 22 months, four died of unrelated causes. One graft was an early, and two were late failures. Eleven patients remained ambulatory, with successfully functioning grafts. Axillofemoral grafts appear to be effective means of restoring circulation, entail minimal operative risk and appear to function satisfactorily, often for periods of twelve months or longer.
Statins and hepatitis C virus: Friend or foe?
Authors: Enzo Emanuele
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

I read with great interest the article by Delang and coworkers1 who examined the effects of different statins on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication in vitro. In their study, the authors demonstrated by a series of elegant experiments that mevastatin and simvastatin and, to a lesser extent, lovastatin and fluvastatin exhibited a significant anti-HCV activity. Notably, these results are in keeping with those of a pilot clinical study demonstrating that fluvastatin was safe in HCV-infected patients and capable to exert suppressive effects of HCV replication.2 Intriguingly, statins were also able to prevent or delay the development of resistance against inhibitors of HCV replication.1 This certainly suggests a potential clinical usefulness of high-dose statins used in combination with the current standard therapy in HCV-infected patients as a method to delay or prevent the development of drug-resistant variants. After the introduction of statins as effective lipid-lowering drugs, these agents have been intensively promoted in a number of noncardiac conditions in the light of their potential pleiotropic effects.3 However, if we take an overview of the evidence available for the anti-HCV effect of statins, we notice that it is currently somewhat weak. First, the inhibitory effects of fluvastatin on HCV replication reported by Bader and coworkers were quite modest and short-lived.2 Second, very recently it has been reported that a significant increase, rather than decrease, of HCV RNA levels occurred after 4 weeks of fluvastatin in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and HCV.4 Finally, the safety concerns potentially associated with the statin use cannot be ignored.5 With such conflicting and preliminary evidence, it is necessary to exercise a cautious skepticism for a potential beneficial role of statins for chronic HCV hepatitis. Enzo Emanuele M.D.*, * Interdepartmental Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CIRMC), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
A 34 year old man with bilateral anterior uveitis and a rash
Authors: A. N. Bhuva, H. K. Lota
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 34 year old railway engineer of south Indian descent was under the care of the ophthalmology team. He was being treated for bilateral anterior uveitis with topical steroids and mydriatics after a one month history of decreasing visual acuity, photophobia, and ocular pain. He also had a four month history of irritation over his tattoo sites that his general practitioner had suspected was dermatitis related to ultraviolet radiation. He was also having severe night sweats. In view of these symptoms, he was referred to the medical team. 

His medical history included well controlled asthma and two hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in the past five years. He had no known allergies and the only drug that he took regularly was budesonide/formoterol 200/6. He was an ex-smoker, having stopped two months previously.

On admission, his observations were normal. Abnormalities over his tattoo sites were noted (fig 1⇓) and his visual acuity was reduced to 6/18 bilaterally. All other systems examinations were normal. Full blood count, electrolytes, liver function tests, and bone profile tests were within normal ranges. C reactive protein was 13 mg/L (reference range 0-5) and his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 14 mm in the first hour (0-10). Autoimmune serologies, VDRL, and HLA B27 were negative. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme was 154 mg/L (20-90). A chest radiograph was performed (fig 2⇓).



Fig 1 Abnormalities over the patient’s tattoo sites





Fig 2 Chest radiograph





### 1 What abnormalities can be seen in the figures?

#### Short answer

The tattoo has a raised indurated appearance over the surface of the pigment (fig 3⇓). The chest radiograph shows bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (fig 4⇓). 



Fig 3 Induration …
Online First in Thorax
Authors: J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2005)

We are pleased to announce that Thorax is about to start posting all original articles on its website in an Online First section (http://www.thoraxjnl.com) shortly after acceptance and before the papers are published in the print version of the journal. Although the time from acceptance to publication in Thorax is relatively short, this initiative is a welcome contribution. An Online First programme was introduced by the British Medical Journal in December 2003,1 followed by other specialist journals from …
Children with HIV: the challenge for general practice
Authors: M. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1999)

General practice p 232 

Managing HIV in general practice can be complex and becomes even more difficult when it is children who are infected with HIV. A study by Boulton et al, reported in this issue, of a small group of families attending a single paediatric HIV service in London, questions the role of the general practitioner in the care of children with HIV infection (p 232).1 The study emphasises the importance of specialist care teams for children with HIV and details concerns expressed by the parents of such children about the appropriate level of local general practitioner involvement. Yet as vertical transmission accounts for most new diagnoses of paediatric HIV, most of these children have infected mothers, and sometimes infected fathers and maybe siblings, infected or uninfected, who have their own health problems and needs.

Many general practitioners providing care for adults and children with HIV would therefore strongly disagree with any suggestion that families affected by HIV would all be better served by tertiary care teams in major centres. Indeed, this is an impracticable model of care for many of the world's children …
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II in the Heart and the Kidney
Authors: Ursula Danilczyk, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been recognized for many years as critical pathway for blood pressure control and kidney functions. Although most of the well-known cardiovascular and renal effects of RAS are attributed to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), much less is known about the function of ACE2. Experiments using genetically modified mice and inhibitor studies have shown that ACE2 counterbalances the functions of ACE and that the balance between these two proteases determines local and systemic levels of RAS peptides such as angiotensin II and angiotensin1–7. Ace2 mutant mice exhibit progressive impairment of heart contractility at advanced ages, a phenotype that can be reverted by loss of ACE, suggesting that these enzymes directly control heart function. Moreover, ACE2 is also found to be upregulated in failing hearts. In the kidney, ACE2 protein levels are significantly decreased in hypertensive rats, suggesting a negative regulatory role of ACE2 in blood pressure control. Moreover, ACE2 expression is downregulated in the kidneys of diabetic and pregnant rats and ACE2 mutant mice develop late onset glomerulonephritis resembling diabetic nephropathy. Importantly, ACE2 not only controls angiotensin II levels but functions as a protease on additional molecular targets that could contribute to the observed in vivo phenotypes of ACE2 mutant mice. Thus, ACE2 seems to be a molecule that has protective roles in heart and kidney. The development of drugs that could activate ACE2 function would allow extending our treatment options in diabetic nephropathy, heart failure, or hypertension.
BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN YOUNG ADULT FEMALES WITH LOWER EXTREMITY PAIN
Authors: R. A. Wyatt, M. O. Toney, J. Heironimus
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Measurement of respiratory morbidity in general practice in the United Kingdom during the acid transport event of January 1985.
Authors: J Ayres, D Fleming, M Williams, G McInnes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The Weekly Returns System of the Royal College of General Practitioners was used to assess the effect on respiratory illness of the acid transport event that occurred during January 1985. The pollution event, as assessed by SO2 and smoke levels measured at pollution monitoring stations within and without the affected area showed only modest rises in SO2 levels, which were less than levels that occurred 4 years earlier. January is the peak time of year for reporting of acute respiratory episodes, and the minor increase in pollution was not reflected in any rise in respiratory morbidity, both for all ages and for different age bands. There was a rise in rates for children up to the age of 14, but this was seen each year and in both polluted and nonpolluted areas. This was probably due to children returning to school after the winter vacation and the subsequent spread of viral infections. The limitations of the two data sets in this analysis are discussed, including the relative insensitivity of weekly data in picking out a short-lived event, the distribution of the practices and pollution monitoring stations, and the effect of the extreme cold weather and the coal miners' strike on domestic coal burning during this event.
The Impact of the Revised Case Definition of AIDS
Authors: A. D. J. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rutherford et al<sup>1</sup>find that the revised national case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased AIDS reporting in San Francisco by about 19%. Stehr-Green et al<sup>2</sup>found a 22% increase in cases reported under the new definition for patients treated at six hemophilia centers. I have examined the data in the Centers for Disease Control weekly reports and calculated the percentage of cases reported since the definition change that would have been reported only under the new definition. <h3>Methods.—</h3> All cases of AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control using both the old and new definitions were recorded and the percentage of new cases that would have been reported solely under the new definition was calculated. The rate of increase at any time in the epidemic as a whole was calculated by averaging the number of new cases reported in the preceding five weeks
Marked Gene Transcript Level Alterations Occur Early During Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Thorsten Schlomm, Esther Näkel, Andreas Lübke, Andreas Buness, Felix K.-H. Chun, Thomas Steuber, Markus Graefen, Ronald Simon, Guido Sauter, Annemarie Poustka, Hartwig Huland, Andreas Erbersdobler, Holger Sültmann, Olaf J.C. Hellwinkel
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Expression of Smad7 in bronchial epithelial cells is inversely correlated to basement membrane thickness and airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma
Authors: Atsuhito Nakao, Hironori Sagara, Yasuhiro Setoguchi, Takenori Okada, Ko Okumura, Hideoki Ogawa, Takeshi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Subcellular remodeling and heart dysfunction in chronic diabetes
Authors: Naranjan S Dhalla, Xueliang Liu, Vincenzo Panagia, Nobuakira Takeda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Heart dysfunction in chronic diabetes has been observed to be associated with depressed myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activities as well as abnormalities in the sarcoplasmic reticular and sarcolemmal calcium transport processes. The evidence has been presented to show that alterations in the expression of myosin isozymes and regulatory proteins as well as myosin phosphorylation contribute to the development of myofibrillar remodeling in the diabetic heart. Defects in sarcoplasmic reticular and sarcolemmal calcium transport appear to be due to the accumulation of lipid metabolites in the membrane. Different agents, such as calcium-antagonists, beta-adrenoceptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, metabolic interventions and antioxidants, have been reported to exert beneficial effects in preventing subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes. Clinical and experimental investigations have suggested that increased sympathetic activity, activated cardiac renin–angiotensin system, myocardial ischemia/functional hypoxia and elevated levels of glucose for a prolonged period, due to insulin deficiency, result in oxidative stress. It is proposed that oxidative stress associated with a deficit in the status of the antioxidant defense system may play a critical role in subcellular remodeling, calcium-handling abnormalities and subsequent diabetic cardiomyopathy.