tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Robert Lidstone Lindon
Authors: Pat Lindon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A pioneer of hypotensive anaesthesiaHale Enderby is best known for his pioneering work in hypotensive anaesthesia.This is the technique of lowering blood pressure during surgery, making operations safer and more rapid, and enabling more complicated surgery while controlling blood loss from the patient.In 1948-9 the pharmacologists Paton and Zaimis first described a range of new drugs, the methonium compounds, some of which could lower blood pressure.Hale Enderby saw that this fall in blood pressure could be used to lessen bleeding during surgery-the snag was measuring the low blood pressures.Early methods of measurement relied on using a mercury column, but the Korotkov sounds become inaudible below 60 mm Hg systolic.The pulse also becomes impalpable at that pressure.However, this was the level of blood pressure needed to reduce bleeding significantly.Hale Enderby introduced into anaesthesia the oscillometer, an older and largely forgotten method of blood pressure measurement but one that proved capable of measuring accurately these low pressures.He was also responsible for introducing the "anti-trendelenburg" or head-up tilt of the operating table to assist in the lowering of blood pressure.George Edward Hale Enderby was born in Boston, Lincolnshire.At the start of the second world war he joined the emergency medical service after being turned down for active military service because of a duodenal ulcer.He worked initially at Guy's Hospital and then at Pembury Hospital, Kent, to which many of the Guy's facilities were moved after the hospital was bombed at the start of the war.It was there that he was asked to move into anaesthesia.He organised most of his training himself by reading and visiting notable anaesthetists of the day.
FRI0130 Clinical and Imaging Differences between Patients with Familial Early Axial Spondiloarthritis and Sporadic Forms: Results from Esperanza Cohort
Authors: R. Almodόvar, P. Zarco, E. Brito, J. Rosas, S. Muñoz-Fernández, V. Navarro-Compán
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> At present, there are few studies on how genetic factors may influence phenotypic expression in familial and sporadic early axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). To help physicians better understand SpA, our group decided to analyse potential difference <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the existence of clinical and imaging differences between patients with familial versus sporadic early axial spondyloarthritis <h3>Methods</h3> Baseline data from ESPERANZA program (&lt;45 years old, symptoms duration 3-24 months and with inflammatory back pain -IBP- or asymmetrical arthritis or spinal/joint pain plus ≥1 SpA features) was used for a descriptive analysis. Patients fulfilling the ASAS classification criteria for axial SpA were included. Socio-demographic and disease characteristics, disease activity indices (ESR, CRP, BASDAI, BASFI), metrology (BASMI), quality of life (ASQoL) and imaging (total BASRI, radiographic sacroiliitis –NY criteria- and sacroiliitis on MRI -ASAS criteria-) were compared between patients with familial and sporadic axial SpA. Familial axial SpA was defined according to the ASAS/ESSG criteria definition as presence in first or second-degree relatives of any of the following: ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, uveitis, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease. <i>Analysis:</i> Chi square was used to compare rates and Student-t test to analyze continuous variables <h3>Results</h3> A total of 291 patients were included: 190 (65%) with sporadic and 101 (35%) with familial axial SpA. Sixty six % were male, with mean (SD) age 32 (7) years and disease duration of 13 (6.7) months. Statistically significant differences were found between both groups for the following parameters: age at symptom onset (29.4±9.2 vs 31.5±10 years; p&lt;0.05) presence of HLA B27 (83% vs 71%;p=0.02), BASMI (1.2±13 vs 1.6 1.2; p=0.03) and presence of sacroiliitis on MRI (36% vs 47%;p=0.01). There were no significant differences in the others parameters studied between the two groups <h3>Conclusions</h3> Familial early axial SpA is related to manifestation of disease symptoms at a younger age, more frequency of positive HLA-B27 and higher spinal mobility while sporadic axial SpA is associated with the presence of sacroiliitis on MRI <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Esperanza Program has been supported by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2054
The link between the nose and lung, perennial rhinitis and asthma—is it the same disease?
Authors: J. M. Rowe‐Jones
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Perennial rhinitis and asthma are clinical syndromes representing a range of overlapping pathologies; accurate classification should therefore precede any comparison. Although the sinonasal cavities, trachea and bronchi have a common respiratory mucosa, there are also anatomical differences. For example, the nose has a capacitance vessel network and the lower airways possess smooth muscle, both of which are responsive to neurohumoral influences. The prevalence of rhinitis and asthma has increased over the last three decades. Rhinitis occurs in around 75% of allergic asthmatics while 20% of perennial allergic rhinitics develop asthma. Eosinophils, and their associated proteins and cytokines, may play a central role in both perennial rhinitis and asthma with and without atopy. The characteristic pathology of asthma can be summarized as a chronic, desquamating, eosinophilic bronchitis. Non‐allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia is recognized, but without consistent evidence of epithelial damage. Eosinophils are also present in rhinosinusitis with polyposis, particularly in patients with aspirin sensitivity, in whom asthma also often occurs. Increased mast cell activation and mediator release is evident in both perennial rhinitis and asthma following allergen challenge. The importance of mast cells in non‐atopic asthma and polyposis is also recognized. Adhesion molecules may also be upregulated, with an increased number and activation of Th, lymphocytes. However, allergen‐resultant T‐cell activation may be less marked in the nose than in the lung. Autonomic imbalance also plays a role in both conditions via changes in neural tone to effector tissues, release of neuropeptides, and interplay with cellular recruitment. Pharmacological manipulation of rhinitis and asthma also illustrates the pathological similarities and differences.
Embolization in the Surgery of Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Irving M. Madoff, Jesse E. Thompson, John W. Strieder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

AS the result of increasingly frequent surgical procedures on the heart for acquired valvular disease, a significant number of cases of peripheral embolization have occurred either during or shortly after operation. Specifically, this complication has been reported with surgery for mitral stenosis,1 2 3 the source of the emboli being either the clots occasionally present in the enlarged fibrillating left atrium or the calcium deposits on the diseased valve leaflets. In addition, operative technics designed to prevent fatal cerebral emboli during intracardiac manipulation have resulted in emboli of major or minor import in the distal vasculature.4 The latter situation is considered desirable, . . .
Longitudinal trajectory of sexual functioning after hematopoietic cell transplantation: impact of chronic graft-versus-host disease and total body irradiation
Authors: F. Lennie Wong, Liton Francisco, Kayo Togawa, Heeyoung Kim, Alysia Bosworth, Liezl Atencio, Cara Hanby, Marcia Grant, Fouad Kandeel, Stephen J. Forman, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Blood (2013)
Rectal Pseudotumor due to Chlamydia Trachomatis in a Male Homosexual
Authors: U. Rüther, W. Rupp, H. A. G. Müller, P. Jipp, G. Schröter
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Chlamydia trachomatis causes a wide spectrum of human genital infections including lymphogranuloma venereum. We describe an unusual case of Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis in a homosexual man presenting with a large, solid tumor in the distal rectum, which was treated successfully by long-term oral doxycycline therapy.
Environmental Pollutants Tied to Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FERMENT-INHIBITING SUBSTANCES IN TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Tubercle bacilli contain unsaturated fatty acids which, when saponified, have the property of inhibiting the action of trypsin and leucoprotease. 2. In proportion to their iodin value these soaps are more active as inhibiting agents than the soaps prepared from linseed, olive, and cod-liver oils. 3. The activity of the soaps is dependent on the presence of unsaturated carbon bonds. 4. Saturation of the soaps with iodin destroys their inhibiting action. 5. Soaps probably play an important part in the production of the condition known as caseation in tuberculosis.
Effect of Progenitor Cell Mobilization With Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Joseph Poole, Kreton Mavromatis, José N. Binongo, Ali Khan, Qunna Li, Mohamed Khayata, Elizabeth Rocco, Matthew Topel, Xin Zhang, Charlene Brown, Matthew A. Corriere, Jonathan Murrow, Salman Sher, Stephanie Clement, Khuram Ashraf, Amr Rashed, Tarek Kabbany, Robert Neuman, Alanna Morris, Arshad Ali, Salim Hayek, John Oshinski, Young-sup Yoon, Edmund K. Waller, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Many patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have walking impairment despite therapy. Experimental studies in animals demonstrate improved perfusion in ischemic hind limb after mobilization of bone marrow progenitor cells (PCs), but whether this is effective in patients with PAD is unknown.To investigate whether therapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves exercise capacity in patients with intermittent claudication.In a phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 159 patients (median [SD] age, 64 [8] years; 87% male, 37% with diabetes) with intermittent claudication were enrolled at medical centers affiliated with Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, between January 2010 and July 2012.Participants were randomized (1:1) to received 4 weeks of subcutaneous injections of GM-CSF (leukine), 500 μg/day 3 times a week, or placebo. Both groups were encouraged to walk to claudication daily.The primary outcome was peak treadmill walking time (PWT) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were PWT at 6 months and changes in circulating PC levels, ankle brachial index (ABI), and walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores.Of the 159 patients randomized, 80 were assigned to the GM-CSF group. The mean (SD) PWT at 3 months increased in the GM-CSF group from 296 (151) seconds to 405 (248) seconds (mean change, 109 seconds [95% CI, 67 to 151]) and in the placebo group from 308 (161) seconds to 376 (182) seconds (change of 56 seconds [95% CI, 14 to 98]), but this difference was not significant (mean difference in change in PWT, 53 seconds [95% CI, -6 to 112], P = .08). At 3 months, compared with placebo, GM-CSF improved the physical functioning subscore of the SF-36 questionnaire by 11.4 (95% CI, 6.7 to 16.1) vs 4.8 (95% CI, -0.1 to 9.6), with a mean difference in change for GM-CSF vs placebo of 7.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 14.0; P = .03). Similarly, the distance score of the WIQ improved by 12.5 (95% CI, 6.4 to 18.7) vs 4.8 (95% CI, -0.2 to 9.8) with GM-CSF compared with placebo (mean difference in change, 7.9 [95% CI, 0.2 to 15.7], P = .047). There were no significant differences in the ABI, WIQ distance and speed scores, claudication onset time, or mental or physical component scores of the SF-36 between the groups.Therapy with GM-CSF 3 times a week did not improve treadmill walking performance at the 3-month follow-up. The improvements in some secondary outcomes with GM-CSF suggest that it may warrant further study in patients with claudication.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01041417.
Increased Left Ventricular Torsion in Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Khalid Abozguia, Thanh Trung Phan, Ibrar Ahmed, Rebekah Weaver, Parth Narendran, Martin Stevens, Michael Frenneaux
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE We used speckle tracking echocardiography to study the early changes in left ventricular (LV) torsion in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes and stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess its interrelationships with coronary microangiopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 33 asymptomatic subjects with type 1 diabetes and 32 age-matched healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent echocardiograms. Stress MRIs were performed in 30 subjects (8 healthy control subjects) to compute myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). RESULTS A significant increase in LV torsion (2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7°/cm, P &amp;lt; 0.05) was identified in longer-term and retinopathy-positive type 1 diabetic subjects (1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7°/cm, P &amp;lt; 0.05) as compared with the healthy control subjects. The MPRI was independently associated with increased LV torsion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that LV torsion is increased in young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes and that coronary microvascular disease may play a key pathophysiological role in the development of increased LV torsion.
RISK FACTORS FOR BODY REGION SPECIFIC INJURIES IN SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS
Authors: NTR Romanow, K Pfister, BH Rowe, CA Emery, WH Meeuwisse, A Nettel-Aguirre, C Goulet, K Russell, A McRae, E Lang, BE Hagel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Little is known about risk factors (e.g., wrist guards, binding adjustment, equipment ownership) for body region specific skiing/snowboarding injuries. Objective Identify risk factors for body region specific injuries and severe injuries in skiers/snowboarders. Design Case-control study using emergency department (ED) interviews, ski patrol Accident Report Forms (ARF), and ski area interviews. Severe injury cases presented to the ED. Non-severe injury cases presented to the ski patrol. Controls were uninjured skiers/snowboarders. Setting An urban ski area and 2 EDs in Alberta, Canada. Participants Injured skiers/snowboarders who saw the ski patrol (n=552) or went to one of the study EDs (n=192). Controls were interviewed at the ski area (n=914). Risk factor assessment Risk factor data were collected by interview and from ARFs. Injury outcomes were determined from the ED chart or ARF. Main outcome measurements Body region categories were: lower extremities, upper extremities, trunk, and head/neck. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each body region by case group. Intrinsic risk factors (age, sex, activity, ability) will be included in the models. Results Preliminary results for non-severe cases indicate that the odds of injury for all body regions were lower for those 12+ years old compared with younger participants (OR range 0.07; 95% CI 0.04–0.11 to 0.42; 95% CI 0.24–0.73) and higher for beginners (OR range 1.79; 95% CI 1.01–3.15 to 4.97; 95% CI 2.97–8.32). Overcast weather reduced the odds of any injury (OR range 0.06; 95% CI 0.02–0.18 to 0.44; 95% CI 0.2–0.98), as did increased run difficulty (OR range 0.06; 95% CI 0.02–0.17 to 0.19; 95% CI 0.0–0.54). Skiers had lower odds of upper body injury (ARF OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.2–0.38 &amp; ED OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.21–0.51) compared with snowboarders. Conclusions These results will inform the development of an injury prevention program for skiers/snowboarders targeting modifiable risk factors.
Suspected child abuse: the potential for justice to miscarry
Authors: E. Hey
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Poor process causes more injustice than poor professional practice 

Two years ago the chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, in the course of a letter to every doctor in England and Wales, said that he doubted whether the public realised the extent to which “when things go wrong, the true cause lies in weakness within the system rather than the culpable actions of an individual.”1

One area where the British public sense that things have gone badly wrong is in the field of suspected child abuse. The quashing of Sally Clark's conviction for the murder of two of her children in January,w1 and the collapse of the Crown Prosecution case against Trupti Patel in June,w2 have shaken public confidence. In each case the issue at stake was whether it could be shown—beyond reasonable doubt—that a death originally certified as due to natural causes had, in retrospect, been caused by a parent. In each case suspicion only arose after a second child died. The Attorney General has now set up a review of these and other related cases,w3 and the actions of individuals are under scrutiny. A landmark ruling in the Court of Appeal in the last week has also brought much needed clarity to the issue of whether children have a right to legal redress if decisions about their care are taken negligently.2

Sir Roy Meadow, a senior paediatrician with a life-time's experience of investigating cases of suspected abuse, was an expert witness in both the murder trials. A comment about the likelihood of unexplained sudden death claiming two young children in a single family formed part of his testimony in the first case. It went unchallenged at the …
Good response of linear scleroderma in a child to ciclosporin
Authors: R.M. Strauss, M. Bhushan, M.J.D. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem connective tissue disorder of unknown aetiology where cutaneous induration caused by increased deposition of collagen in the skin is accompanied by internal organ involvement and potentially fatal complications.1 Localized scleroderma, in contrast, is not associated with systemic disease. Two variants exist: morphoea and linear scleroderma (LS). Although localized scleroderma usually has a good prognosis, LS has the potential to involve not only the skin, but also subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone and synovium, leading to disfigurement and disability. Lesions can be rapidly progressive, and do not always respond well to medical treatment.2 Prompt and aggressive therapy is advisable to avoid these complications. We report a 12‐year‐old girl who presented with a 3‐month history of a hypopigmented, sclerotic linear band affecting her left inner thigh (Fig. 1A). The lesion had a distinct violaceous border, clinically consistent with LS. The skin below the knee joint was not involved. No associated abnormality of limb length, circumference or function was found. There were no identifiable precipitating factors, and she was otherwise in good health. As the lesion seemed to extend rapidly both proximally and distally despite twice daily clobetasol propionate ointment 0·05% (Dermovate®, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, U.K.), treatment was commenced with ciclosporin 3 mg kg−1 daily. Clinical improvement was observed within 3 weeks, with a decrease in size as well as in induration of the lesion. After 4 months of continuous treatment the lesion had cleared almost entirely and ciclosporin was then stopped (Fig. 1B). No recurrence of the lesion has been seen at 1‐year follow‐up.
Exercise in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Richard H. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Physical fitness is no longer a state of grace to be achieved in high school and then forgotten. Rather, fitness is a factor contributing to the realization of one's potential throughout life. Because the general public increasingly realizes this, medical practitioners are now faced with problems associated with exercise in an aging population. Not all such problems are orthopedic in nature. This book is written by internists and is particularly appropriate for clinicians in general practice and internal medicine. More than half of the volume is concerned with the cardiovascular system and includes such topics as exercise stress testing, exercise prescription, and the roles of exercise in prevention and rehabilitation in coronary disease. Additional chapters discuss the interrelationships between exercise and hematology, neurology, obstetrics, pediatrics, and psychiatry. Both the benefits and negative effects of exercise on certain disease processes are stressed throughout the volume to achieve a balanced perspective. Numerous
Average Gene Length Is Highly Conserved in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes and Diverges Only Between the Two Kingdoms
Authors: Lin Xu, Hong Chen, Xiaohua Hu, Rongmei Zhang, Ze Zhang, Z. W. Luo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The average length of genes in a eukaryote is larger than in a prokaryote, implying that evolution of complexity is related to change of gene lengths. Here, we show that although the average lengths of genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are much different, the average lengths of genes are highly conserved within either of the two kingdoms. This suggests that natural selection has clearly set a strong limitation on gene elongation within the kingdom. Furthermore, the average gene size adds another distinct characteristic for the discrimination between the two kingdoms of organisms.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TRALLIOM-201 CHLORIDE(T1-201) AND Tc-99m SESTAMIBI (MIBI) SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY (Sc Mam) IN PALPABLE BREAST (Br) MASSES
Authors: Walid S. Omar, Hussein M. Abdel-Dayem, Ibrahim gzzat, Hosns Mouaeata, Gaber Ziada, Hamed Farag
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Omar, Walid S. M.P.; Abdel-Dayem, Hussein M. M.D.*; gzzat, Ibrahim M.D.**; Mouaeata, Hosns M.D.; Ziada, Gaber M.D.***; Farag, Hamed M.D.** Author Information