tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TWO DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF LANDING KINEMATICS IN MALE AND FEMALE EARLY ADOLESCENT SECONDARY SCHOOL ATHLETES
Authors: S Holden, B Colin, D Wang, C Doherty, E Delahunt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The intensity and magnitude of secondary school sports participation is increasing annually. In this population there is a high incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury, particularly in females. Two dimensional (2D) lower limb biomechanical analysis may present an inexpensive and clinically applicable way to evaluate biomechanical risk factors for knee injury in this population. Objective To compare 2D landing biomechanics of early adolescent male and female athletes in their first year of secondary school. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Secondary school gymnasium. Participants 42 male (age=13.06±2.5 years) and 50 female (age=13.09±2.3 years) early adolescent secondary school athletes. All participants were fully engaged in sports and free from injury at the time of testing. Interventions Each participant performed 3 drop vertical jump (DVJ) trials. Frontal and sagittal plane knee angles were recorded by video cameras for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Main Outcome Measurements The categorical independent variables were gender (male vs female) and limb (dominant vs non-dominant). Knee flexion angle and frontal plane knee angle (FPKA) measured at the video frame prior to initial contact (pre-IC) were used as dependant variables. Peak knee flexion and peak FPKA following IC were also used as dependant variables. Results There was a significant main effect for gender. Females demonstrated greater FPKA pre-IC (P&lt;.01; mean difference=2.32°±0.45°) and peak FPKA following IC (P&lt;.01; mean difference=9.82°±1.26°). Females displayed significantly less knee flexion pre-IC (P&lt;.01; mean difference=3.22°±0.95°), but no differences were observed for peak knee flexion following IC (P&gt;.05). Conclusions The results of the current investigation show that early adolescent female athletes demonstrate less desirable jump landing biomechanical profiles than their male counterparts, which may have implications for knee injury. 2D analysis could be utilised in this population to identify those at an increased risk of injury.
Obstacles to acceptance of clinical decision analysis.
Authors: J. I. Balla, A. S. Elstein, C. Christensen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

posts are required for clinical academic staff who wish to devote most of their time to research.(17) Similarly, 100 career posts are needed for basic.scientists working in clinical research groups.(18) Funds are required for establishing approximately 50 combined MB and PhD programmes and for restoring adequate public financing of a sufficient number of intercalated BSc degree courses to its previous level.( 19) The NHS must take a much greater part in the support of research and development.(20) Basic clinical teaching will continue to require attachment of students to a substantial number of inpatients.At this early stage it is important to ensure that this attachment can take place in the main teaching hospitals.( 21) The NHS must be persuaded of the need for much better teaching facilities on its premises.(22) The erosion of staff time for both teaching and research caused by the implementation of Achieving a Balance must be stopped and corrected.(23) There should be better representation ofacademic medicine on the Central Manpower Committee.(24) Better mechanisms should be found for ensuring that academic needs are considered fully when staff are allocated within health regions.(25) The higher specialist training committees should be asked to make their requirements for accreditation more flexible so that future clinical academics are not constrained to a relatively few rigid training programmes.(26) Parity of salaries with NHS colleagues must be maintained for clinical academic staff and their removal expenses should be provided.
The Evolution of Insulin Glargine and its Continuing Contribution to Diabetes Care
Authors: Rolf Hilgenfeld, Gerhard Seipke, Harald Berchtold, David R. Owens
Journal: Drugs (2014)

The epoch-making discovery of insulin heralded a new dawn in the management of diabetes. However, the earliest, unmodified soluble insulin preparations were limited by their short duration of action, necessitating multiple daily injections. Initial attempts to protract the duration of action of insulin involved the use of various additives, including vasoconstrictor substances, which met with limited success. The subsequent elucidation of the chemical and three-dimensional structure of insulin and its chemical synthesis and biosynthesis allowed modification of the insulin molecule itself, resulting in insulin analogs that are designed to mimic normal endogenous insulin secretion during both fasting and prandial conditions. Insulin glargine was the first once-daily, long-acting insulin analog to be introduced into clinical practice more than 10 years ago and is specifically designed to provide basal insulin requirements. It has a prolonged duration of action and no distinct insulin peak, making it suitable for once-daily administration and reducing the risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia that is seen with intermediate-acting insulins. Insulin glargine can be used in combination with prandial insulin preparations and non-insulin anti-diabetic agents according to individual requirements.
Theophylline and Serum Electrolytes
Authors: F. A. ZANTVOORT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1986Theophylline and Serum ElectrolytesF. A. ZANTVOORT, F. H. M. DERKX, F. BOOMSMA, P. J. ROOS, M. A. D. H. SCHALEKAMPF. A. ZANTVOORTSearch for more papers by this author, F. H. M. DERKXSearch for more papers by this author, F. BOOMSMASearch for more papers by this author, P. J. ROOSSearch for more papers by this author, M. A. D. H. SCHALEKAMPSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-134_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the June issue Kearny and coworkers (1) describe a patient with severe hypokalemia who had plasma theophylline levels far in the toxic range. Their animal model also showed a significant fall in plasma potassium levels at theophylline levels above 40 mg/L. We, however, have observed that theophylline at plasma levels within the therapeutic range of 10 to 20 mg/L can cause a significant drop in plasma potassium levels in humans.Theophylline, 6 to 7 mg/kg body weight, was given intravenously in 20 minutes to seven patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They had not used theophylline...Reference1. KEARNYMANOGUERRACURTISZIEGLER TAGM. Theophylline toxicity and the beta-adrenergic system. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 102:766-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Dijkzigt 3015 GD Rotterdam the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByExtrarenal Potassium MetabolismExtrarenal Potassium MetabolismTeapot myositisDisorders of Potassium MetabolismMultifocal Atrial TachycardiaKaliuretic effect of short-term theophylline in healthy subjectsAcute and chronic human toxicity of theophyllineMetabolic Correlates of Theophylline Therapy: A Concentration-Related PhenomenonPronounced Metabolic Response to Modest Theophylline OverdoseDisorders of Potassium HomeostasisAdrenal Insufficiency in the Intensive Care SettingHypokalemia in acute theophylline poisoningHypokalemia and respiratory arrest in an infant with status asthmaticusHyperkalemia in theophylline intoxicationCaffeine and HypokalemiaA. P. PASSMORE, G. B. KONDOWE, G. D. JOHNSTON 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 134-135KeywordsAnimal modelsBlood plasmaBody weightChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseFallsPotassiumSalts Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Iron Therapy in the Anaemia of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: D. N. Ross
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

The activities of the Association during the past year have included subsidizing the treatment of needy patients at three selected sanatoria.A large sum was allocated for research into the effect of cortisone in certain of the rheumatic diseases, and an agreement has been made with the commercial interests involved, whereby ACTH is being produced in Denmark in increasing quantities.The President of the Association, Professor E. Jarl0v, was elected President of the Ligue Internationale contre la Rhumatisme.It would be pleasant to be able to record that every civilized country had an equally active and enlightened rheumatic organization at work.
Interstitial lung disease in amyopathic dermatomyositis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis
Authors: Vincent Cottin, Françoise Thivolet-Bejui, M. Reynaud-Gaubert, Jacques Cadranel, Pierre-Edouard Delaval, P.J. Ternamian, Jean-François Cordier, . Groupe d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires (germop)
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

This study investigated interstitial pneumonia associated with amyopathic dermatomyositis, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, paying particular attention to muscular and/or cutaneous manifestations and their chronology relative to lung involvement. Patients included four males and 13 females, aged 51.7+/-10.8 yrs, who had surgical lung biopsy. Diagnoses included dermatomyositis (10 patients), polymyositis (four patients) and amyopathic dermatomyositis (three patients). Solitary respiratory manifestations preceded the onset of any skin or muscle disease in four cases (24%). Reticular and ground glass opacities were the most frequent computed tomography (CT) findings. Pathological review showed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (eleven, 65%; cellular, two; cellular and fibrotic, five; fibrotic, four), usual interstitial pneumonia (two), organising pneumonia (two), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (one), and unclassifiable interstitial pneumonia (one). Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia was the most common histological pattern of interstitial pneumonia in patients with amyopathic dermatomyositis (three of three) and in patients with respiratory symptoms as the initial clinical manifestation of the connective tissue disease (three of four). Survival at 5 yrs was 50%. This study shows the clinician should remain alert to potential muscular or cutaneous manifestations whenever a pathological diagnosis of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is made.
Treating Preinfected Wounds
Authors: J. C. Mountain, P. V. Seal
Journal: BMJ (1970)

JOUtNAand the responses are objective.It has been used in school screening programmes in the United Kingdom and the results reported by Brooks.2Extensive use in Scandinavia, and my own experience, confirms the value of the instrument, the use of which obviates the need for a diagnostic, as opposed to a therapeutic, myringotomy.The advice to prescribe a hearing-aid in cases where repeated myringotomy is re- quired is good only as long as the patient is carefully followed.In the presence of chronic glue ear permanent damage may occur to the tympanic membrane, particularly in its posterior segment, which be- comes thin, loses its middle layer, and becomes flabby.This may eventually be indriven into the sinus tympani and to the mastoid air cells, forming a cholesteatoma.Indeed, this is one of the commoner pathogenetic mechanisms of a cholesteatoma at present.Only a small proportion of child- ren are so involved, but any child with an abnormally thin tympanic membrane should be vigorously treated and observed until complete resolution occurs.Even though this may take several years, it is not safe to dis- charge these children with a hearing-aid.-
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Registry Risk Score Models for Acute Procedural Complications or Death After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation
Authors: David E. Haines, Yongfei Wang, Jeptha Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Patients undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation are at risk of postprocedural complications. However, we do not have a risk stratification schema to identify patients at high and low risk of adverse events. Methods and Results— We analyzed data from 268 701 ICD implants submitted to the ICD Registry and developed logistic regression models to identify variables most strongly associated with the risk of acute complications and/or in-hospital death. Overall, 3.2% of the population experienced an adverse event. A simple risk score consisting of 10 readily available variables successfully identified patients at high and low risk of complications. The variables included in the score and assigned points included: age ≥70 years (1 point), female (2 points), New York Heart Association class III (1 point) or IV (3 points), atrial fibrillation (1 point), prior valve surgery (3 points), chronic lung disease (2 points), blood urea nitrogen &gt;30 (2 points), reimplantation for reasons other than battery change (6 points), ICD type dual chamber (2 points) or biventricular (4 points), and nonelective ICD implant (3 points). The risk of any in-hospital complication increased from 0.6% among patients with a score of ≤5 (8.4% of the population) to 8.4% among patients with ≥19 risk points (3.9% of the population). Conclusions— A simple risk score consisting of readily available clinical variables can identify high- and low-risk subsets of patients undergoing ICD implantation. This information can guide the physician in patient selection and determining the intensity of care required post procedure.
IL-12 primed CD8+ T-cells possess enhanced persistence and anti-tumor efficacy because of greater IL-7 responsiveness
Authors: C Bryce Johnson, Bennett R May, Colleen A Cloud, Mark P Rubinstein, David J Cole
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Ex vivo IL-12 priming of tumor-reactive CD8+ T-cells enhances their persistence and subsequent anti-tumor efficacy upon adoptive cell transfer (ACT) into lymphodepleted mice. Since IL-7 and IL-15 are considered critical for the persistence of adoptively transferred T-cells, we
Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: Louis V. Avioli
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<b>The Physiology of Bone,</b>by Janet M. Vaughan, 325 pp, with illus, $22.50, paper $9.95, Oxford: Clarendon Press (London and New York: Oxford University Press), 1970. <i>Paget's Disease of Bone,</i>by Hugh C. Barry, I have found quite complete from a historical, histopathological, and radiological point of view. In my estimation there is one and only one glaring defect in the monograph: the section devoted to therapy is insufficient and in some instances misleading. In defense of the author, however, it should be noted that the most exciting developments in the medical therapy of Paget's disease, with the recently synthesized hypocalcemic calcitonin peptide, have been recent and probably were unavailable at the time this book was published. My compliments to the author for a job well done. With reference to<i>The Physiology of Bone,</i>by Janet M. Vaughan, it seems to be the trend these days to attempt to collate
Targeting CXCR4 with cell-penetrating pepducins in lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Katie O'Callaghan, Lydia Lee, Nga Nguyen, Mo-Ying Hsieh, Nicole C. Kaneider, Andreas K. Klein, Kellie Sprague, Richard A. Van Etten, Athan Kuliopulos, Lidija Covic
Journal: Blood (2011)
Rifampicin and the Pill
Authors: Howard D. Cohn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The Feb 11, 1974, issue ofThe Journalin a news article (227:608, 1974) headed Rifampicin, 'Pill' do not go well together, reported on the findings of a German physician, Dr. Dietrich Reimers. Dr. Reimers cautions that women given rifampicin may experience a decrease in the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. He also states that the antituberculosis drug may cause a high incidence of menstrual disorders when given with antifertility agents. He goes on to suggest that this should move the manufacturers of ovulation inhibitors and of rifampicin to insert appropriate warnings in the package leaflets.  The Ciba-Geigy Corporation has been aware of this situation for several months; since August 1973, the package insert for Rimactane, the company's brand of rifampicin (rifampin), has contained the precaution, It has been reported that the reliability of oral contraceptives may be affected in some patients being treated for tuberculosis with rifampin in
Potential Role of Increased Sympathetic Activity in Impaired Sodium and Water Excretion in Cirrhosis
Authors: Daniel G. Bichet, Vicki J. Van Putten, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

In a study of 26 patients with cirrhosis, plasma norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher in 19 patients who abnormally excreted an acute water load than in seven who excreted the load normally (8324 +/- 116 vs. 306 +/- 33 pg per milliliter; P less than 0.001). There was also a significant positive correlation between plasma levels of norepinephrine and arginine vasopressin after the water load, as well as a negative correlation between plasma norepinephrine and the percentage of the load excreted. A positive correlation between plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity, as well as between norepinephrine and aldosterone, was observed. In addition, there was a negative correlation between plasma norepinephrine and urinary sodium excretion. These findings indicate that increased sympathetic activity, as assessed by plasma levels of norepinephrine, correlates closely with sodium and water retention in cirrhotic patients and thus may be of pathogenetic importance.
Larger scale trials are needed to show what really works
Authors: J. D. Symonds
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Metcalf and colleagues’ meta-analysis found that, when all published trials that measured accelerometer data were pooled together, physical activity interventions in children were not effective.1 This is different from their conclusion that “physical activity interventions do not work in children,” and I would echo Weiler’s point about not getting carried …
New approach to the localisation of phaeochromocytoma: imaging with iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine.
Authors: D M Ackery, P A Tippett, B R Condon, H E Sutton, P Wyeth
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thirty eight patients with known or suspected phaeochromocytoma were studied by radioisotope imaging after intravenous administration of iodine-131-meta- iodobenzylguanidine (131I- mIBG ), a radiopharmaceutical which has affinity for chromaffin tumours. Seventeen positive results (including one false positive) and 21 negative results (including two false negatives) were obtained. Clinical accuracy was 92%. Urinary noradrenaline concentrations were raised in all patients with confirmed phaeochromocytoma. These findings show that 131I- mIBG is of value in localising and assessing the extent of chromaffin tumours.
Case Mix Classification: The Need to Reduce Inappropriate Homogeneity
Authors: Joseph S. Gonnella
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Accommodating different and divergent interests is not an easy task. Utilizing classification systems that fail to meet basic medical concepts, in terms of which disease and illness are understood, makes this task even more difficult. This can be seen in the article by Drs Iezzoni and Moskowitz 1 in this issue ofThe Journal.  The goal of any classification system is to ensure that homogeneity is inherent in each category classified. An optimal classification system allows the prognosis and resource needs to be compared for individuals with similar illnesses. The problem is the definition of similar illness. Even though there may be biological similarities, there will be social differences that will affect patient care. Patient expectations and demands will also vary and will influence the effectiveness of the care given. Thus, case mix classification is an exercise in how best to pretend that what is in fact heterogeneous is homogeneous. The
Extended efalizumab therapy improves chronic plaque psoriasis: Results from a randomized phase III trial
Authors: Craig L. Leonardi, Kim A. Papp, Kenneth B. Gordon, Alan Menter, Steven R. Feldman, Ivor Caro, Patricia A. Walicke, Peter G. Compton, Alice B. Gottlieb
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Supramolecular Nanoparticles That Target Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Overcome Insulin Resistance and Exert Pronounced Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Ashish A. Kulkarni, Bhaskar Roy, Poornima S. Rao, Gregory A. Wyant, Ayaat Mahmoud, Madhumitha Ramachandran, Poulomi Sengupta, Aaron Goldman, Venkata Ramana Kotamraju, Sudipta Basu, Raghunath A. Mashelkar, Erkki Ruoslahti, Daniela M. Dinulescu, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

The centrality of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer etiology is well established, but clinical translation of PI3K inhibitors has been limited by feedback signaling, suboptimal intratumoral concentration, and an insulin resistance "class effect." This study was designed to explore the use of supramolecular nanochemistry for targeting PI3K to enhance antitumor efficacy and potentially overcome these limitations. PI3K inhibitor structures were rationally modified using a cholesterol-based derivative, facilitating supramolecular nanoassembly with L-α-phosphatidylcholine and DSPE-PEG [1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polythylene glycol)]. The supramolecular nanoparticles (SNP) that were assembled were physicochemically characterized and functionally evaluated in vitro. Antitumor efficacy was quantified in vivo using 4T1 breast cancer and K-Ras(LSL/+)/Pten(fl/fl) ovarian cancer models, with effects on glucose homeostasis evaluated using an insulin sensitivity test. The use of PI103 and PI828 as surrogate molecules to engineer the SNPs highlighted the need to keep design principles in perspective; specifically, potency of the active molecule and the linker chemistry were critical principles for efficacy, similar to antibody-drug conjugates. We found that the SNPs exerted a temporally sustained inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, S6K, and 4EBP in vivo. These effects were associated with increased antitumor efficacy and survival as compared with PI103 and PI828. Efficacy was further increased by decorating the nanoparticle surface with tumor-homing peptides. Notably, the use of SNPs abrogated the insulin resistance that has been associated widely with other PI3K inhibitors. This study provides a preclinical foundation for the use of supramolecular nanochemistry to overcome current challenges associated with PI3K inhibitors, offering a paradigm for extension to other molecularly targeted therapeutics being explored for cancer treatment.