tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of External Electric Currents on the Heart
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL, MILTON H. PAUL, ARTHUR J. LINENTHAL, LEONA R. NORMAN, WILLIAM GIBSON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Clinically, application of electric currents to the heart has been limited to defibrillation in the operating room when the heart is exposed. In this paper technics are described for the external application of stimulating and countershock currents. They have been used successfully in man to terminate ventricular standstill from any cause and to stop ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. For experimental purposes an additional technic has been developed for producing various cardiac arrhythmias by rapid external stimulation of the heart.
Disseminated Nonreactive Tuberculosis with Basophilia, Leukemoid Reaction and Terminal Pancytopenia
Authors: John A. Paar, Melvin M. Scheinman, Roy A. Weaver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

NONREACTIVE tuberculosis, of which less than 100 cases have been reported, has seldom been diagnosed during life.1 2 3 4 5 This report describes a patient with a leukemoid reaction associated with basophilia, terminating with pancytopenia, in whom the diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis was made ante mortem by means of a liver biopsy.Case ReportA 74-year-old Negro was admitted to the hospital with a 4-month history of generalized weakness, anorexia, easy fatigability and an 18.t-kg. (40-pound) weight loss. Six weeks previously fever, watery diarrhea and generalized pruritus had developed. Vomiting began 1 week before admission, and evaluation at another hospital revealed fever, . . .
Medicine After the Holocaust: From the Master Race to the Human Genome and Beyond
Authors: Sabine Hildebrandt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The devil in the test tube
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2002)

He was thin and weak, and his voice was almost inaudible despite the relative quiet of a teaching hospital side room. By the time I joined the firm as a student, he had endured a fever of unknown origin for over a month. Allocating him to me, the house officer had explained that his hairy cell leukaemia should be curable were it not that the source of his fever remained stubbornly elusive. Instead, he lay drained, submitting to repeated blood cultures and increasingly invasive investigations.

After retiring as a schoolmaster, he had trained as a missionary and travelled widely. All manner of latent exotic infections might be coming back to haunt him, but all the test results were negative. Finding a good vein for the blood …
Penicillin in Gonorrhoea and Syphilis
Authors: F. L. Lydon, W. R. S. Cowe
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Penicillin has a bactericidal action.This action proceeds at a constant rate regardless of concentration within wide iimits if pure penicillin is used: impure samples are more effective in low than in high concentrations.This action is accelerated by increase in temperature throughout the range 4°to 42°C.The action of penicillin is progressively impaired by an increase in the acidity of the medium between pH 7.0 and 5.0.The behaviour of penicillin in diluted broth and in the presence of bacteriostatic agents supports the hypothesis that it acts only on dividing cells; the effect of temperature and the almost uniform susceptibility of cells from both old and very young cultures are against it.I am indebted, to the Penicillin Clinical Trials Committee of the Medical Research Council for most of the penicillin used, and to I.C.I. (Pharmaceuticals) Ltd. for the gift of 183 mg. of nearly pure penicillin.This work could not have been done without the assiduous technical assistance which was given by Miss P. M. Waterworth.For her services and for the equipment
Cell Selective Cardiovascular Biology of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1
Authors: Lihong Chen, Guangrui Yang, Xiufeng Xu, Gregory Grant, John A. Lawson, Mohammad Bohlooly-Y, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Global deletion of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) in mice attenuates the response to vascular injury without a predisposition to thrombogenesis or hypertension. However, enzyme deletion results in cell-specific differential use by prostaglandin synthases of the accumulated prostaglandin H(2) substrate. Here, we generated mice deficient in mPGES-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and myeloid cells further to elucidate the cardiovascular function of this enzyme.Vascular smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell mPGES-1 deletion did not alter blood pressure at baseline or in response to a high-salt diet. The propensity to evoked macrovascular and microvascular thrombogenesis was also unaltered. However, both vascular smooth muscle cell and endothelial cell mPGES-1-deficient mice exhibited a markedly exaggerated neointimal hyperplastic response to wire injury of the femoral artery in comparison to their littermate controls. The hyperplasia was associated with increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tenascin-C expression. In contrast, the response to injury was markedly suppressed by myeloid cell depletion of mPGES-1 with decreased hyperplasia, leukocyte infiltration, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tenascin-C. Conditioned medium derived from mPGES-1-deficient macrophages less potently induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration than that from wild-type macrophages.Deletion of mPGES-1 in the vasculature and myeloid cells differentially modulates the response to vascular injury, implicating macrophage mPGES-1 as a cardiovascular drug target.
Osteoporotic bone fragility. Detection by ultrasound transmission velocity
Authors: R. P. Heaney
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We evaluated ultrasound transmission velocity at the patella as an indicator of osteoporotic fragility in 293 nonobese women. Osteoporosis was defined by atraumatic vertebral compression deformity. Ultrasound velocity averaged 1954 ±71 (±SD) m/s in premenopausal normal women and declined significantly with age after menopause, largely independently of age-related loss of spine bone mass. Postmenopausal osteoporotic women had lower velocities than normal women (-76 m/s). After allowing for slight differences in age between the groups, the difference ( - 54 m/s) was still significant. Women with velocities below 1825 m/s were about six times more likely to have one or more fractures than women with velocities above that level. By sensitivity-specificity analysis, ultrasound velocity discriminated between normal and osteoporotic women as well as direct measurement of spine bone mass. Ultrasound velocity measures both bone mass and a component of bone fragility distinct from decreased mass; it is a potentially valuable new tool for evaluating women for osteoporotic fragility. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2986-2990)
Pneumoperitoneum Following Gastroscopy Apparently without Perforation
Authors: Donald T. Chamberlin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

PNEUMOPERITONEUM following the usually benign procedure of gastroscopy is so startling when it occurs that an additional report is believed to be of value. There have been only three previous reports of this condition. In the first, presented by Schiff1 in 1941, the only finding was subdiaphragmatic air at x-ray examination four days after the gastroscopy. In the case reported by Schindler2 in 1945, laparotomy was performed three hours after the onset of the pneumoperitoneum; methylene blue was injected into the gastric lumen, and oxygen blown into the stomach under a pressure of 60 pounds, but no perforation was found. . . .
Subendocardial Infarction
Authors: Clifford E. Ernst, Charles Fisch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SUBENDOCARDIAL infarction might be defined as irreversible injury caused by prolonged anoxia of the portion of myocardium situated at the farthest point from the blood supply to the coronary artery. Levine and Ford1 found that the common denominator of the cases reviewed by them was "deficient irrigation, not of a single coronary artery, but of the entire coronary system."The coronary QS and QR electrocardiographic pattern is believed to be due to the initial transmission of the negative cavity potential toward the exploring electrodes. If the infarction is transmural and no viable muscle is present under the electrode, the cavity . . .
Review of Drug Interference With Urine Glucose Tests
Authors: Michael D Rotblatt, Mary Anne Koda-Kimble
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Many drugs have been reported to interfere with copper-reduction or glucose oxidase tests used to measure urine glucose. However, only a few drugs or drug classes have been well documented to clinically interfere with these tests. The interfering drugs include ascorbic acid, β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins and penicillins), levodopa, and salicylates. Several other drugs may also interfere with certain urine glucose tests, but the interactions are poorly documented. These drugs include chloral hydrate, hyaluronidase, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, p-aminosalicylic acid, phenazopyridine, probenecid, and X-ray contrast media. Drugs or their metabolites that are strong reducing substances produce false-positive results by the copper-reduction method and false-negative results by the glucose oxidase method. The β-lactam antibiotics interfere with copper-reduction tests by producing copper compounds of various colors that confuse interpretation of test results. Tables are provided that summarize the drug interferences discussed.
Comparing Open Radical Cystectomy and Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bernard H. Bochner, Guido Dalbagni, Daniel D. Sjoberg, Jonathan Silberstein, Gal E. Keren Paz, S. Machele Donat, Jonathan A. Coleman, Sheila Mathew, Andrew Vickers, Geoffrey C. Schnorr, Michael A. Feuerstein, Bruce Rapkin, Raul O. Parra, Harry W. Herr, Vincent P. Laudone
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Insulin Assay Standardization: Leading to Measures of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion for Practical Clinical Care
Authors: Myrlene A. Staten, W. Greg Miller, Ronald R. Bowsher, Michael W. Steffes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Heinemann (1) has addressed this issue in detail; his discussion reviews the salient points regarding this highly confusing topic. The vagaries he outlines subsume the reasons that have consistently driven us to strongly recommend the use of SI units for reporting insulin concentrations. Within the work as described in our publications (2 …
Sick Santa Syndrome
Authors: Mark L. Dembert
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I know of no epidemiologic work published on the morbidity associated with being Santa Claus. Low back pain from lifting heavy, awkward objects, children who jump up to hug one or shrink squirmingly back from one's outstretched arms, and sprained ankles from not being able to see one's feet are occupational hazards. However, my background as an infectious disease epidemiologist and my several years of experience as a seasonal but well-traveled Santa for kids and adults alike prompt me to describe a new syndrome.  The syndrome is actually caused by a number of communicable agents with some common characteristics; however, the outcome for that mirthful and benevolent Yuletide figure is the same. This malady typically occurs during the time period from the beginning of December to the middle of January. It is not sex- or age-specific. The symptoms are varied and often constitutional: low-grade fever, myalgias, headache,
Primary antibody deficiency and diagnostic delay.
Authors: J. Blore, M. R. Haeney
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The prevalence of primary antibody deficiency is at least 1-2/50000 population.'By far the commonest presentation is recurrent pyogenic bacterial infection of upper and lower respiratory tracts, although some patients also develop meningitis, septicaemia, diarrhoea, skin infection, osteomyelitis, or arthritis.2Failure to diagnose the condition causes considerable morbidity, particularly progressive chronic lung disease.'Since most types of primary antibody deficiency can be diagnosed readily and treated successfully, underlying antibody deficiency should be considered as a possible diagnosis in any patient, ofany age, whose infections are more persistent or more severe or recur more frequently than those in other members of that peer group.We reviewed the clinical presentations of patients with primary antibody deficiency from north west England to determine whether the diagnosis was made promptly or delayed and, when it was delayed, to analyse whether the delay contributed to morbidity.
Women's health research. Prescribing change and addressing the issues
Authors: V. W. Pinn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In 1588, Michel Eyquem de Montaigne wrote: "Women are not entirely wrong when they reject the rules of life prescribed for the world, for they were established by men only, without their consent."<sup>1</sup>Montaigne's comment stretches across four centuries; a similar comment could be made about the recent status of women's health. Today, women are becoming more aware of their unique health concerns and are not only asking that prescriptions for their well-being be determined on the basis of gender-specific research, but that anxieties about their physical and mental health be addressed with sensitive and enlightened wisdom.<sup>2-7</sup> From prehistoric times until this century, women had a shorter life span than men, predominately resulting from complications of childbirth and chronic malnutrition.<sup>8</sup>Life expectancy for American women now exceeds that of men by an average of 7.5 years.<sup>9</sup>Yet, this longer life expectancy does not necessarily imply a better
Effect of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Blood Pressure in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Heinrich F. Becker, Andreas Jerrentrup, Thomas Ploch, Ludger Grote, Thomas Penzel, Colin E. Sullivan, J. Hermann Peter
Journal: Circulation (2003)

There is increasing evidence that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for arterial hypertension. Because there are no controlled studies showing a substantial effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy on hypertension in OSA, the impact of treatment on cardiovascular sequelae has been questioned altogether. Therefore, we studied the effect of nCPAP on arterial hypertension in patients with OSA.Sixty consecutive patients with moderate to severe OSA were randomly assigned to either effective or subtherapeutic nCPAP for 9 weeks on average. Nocturnal polysomnography and continuous noninvasive blood pressure recording for 19 hours was performed before and with treatment. Thirty two patients, 16 in each group, completed the study. Apneas and hypopneas were reduced by approximately 95% and 50% in the therapeutic and subtherapeutic groups, respectively. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased by 9.9+/-11.4 mm Hg with effective nCPAP treatment, whereas no relevant change occurred with subtherapeutic nCPAP (P=0.01). Mean, diastolic, and systolic blood pressures all decreased significantly by approximately 10 mm Hg, both at night and during the day.Effective nCPAP treatment in patients with moderate to severe OSA leads to a substantial reduction in both day and night arterial blood pressure. The fact that a 50% reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index did not result in a decrease in blood pressure emphasizes the importance of highly effective treatment. The drop in mean blood pressure by 10 mm Hg would be predicted to reduce coronary heart disease event risk by 37% and stroke risk by 56%.
Early cellular reactions induced by dinitrochlorobenzene in sensitized human skin
Authors: M.M. CARR, P.A. BOTHAM, D.J. GAWKRODGER, E. MCVITTIE, J.A. ROSS, I.C. STEWART, J. A. A. HUNTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Early cellular reactions induced by dinitrochlorobenzene in sensitized human skin Get access M.M. CARR, M.M. CARR Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh Dr M. M. Carr, Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. BOTHAM, P.A. BOTHAM Central Toxicology Laboratory, Imperial Chemical Industries, Macclesfield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. GAWKRODGER, D.J. GAWKRODGER Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. MCVITTIE, E. MCVITTIE Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. ROSS, J.A. ROSS Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.C. STEWART, I.C. STEWART Department of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. A. A. HUNTER J. A. A. HUNTER Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 6, 1 June 1984, Pages 637–641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04697.x Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Accepted: 10 December 1983 Published: 01 June 1984
Biochemical and physiologic consequences of boron deprivation in humans.
Authors: F H Nielsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Boron deprivation experiments with humans have yielded some persuasive findings for the hypothesis that boron is an essential nutrient. In the first nutritional study with humans involving boron, 12 postmenopausal women first were fed a diet that provided 0.25 mg boron/2000 kcal for 119 days, and then were fed the same diet with a boron supplement of 3 mg boron/day for 48 days. The boron supplementation reduced the total plasma concentration of calcium and the urinary excretions of calcium and magnesium, and elevated the serum concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone. This study was followed by one in which five men over the age of 45, four postmenopausal women, and five postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy were fed a boron-low diet (0.23 mg/2000 kcal) for 63 days, then fed the same diet supplemented with 3 mg boron/day for 49 days. The diet was low in magnesium (115 mg/2000 kcal) and marginally adequate in copper (1.6 mg/2000 kcal) throughout the study. This experiment found higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, serum enzymatic ceruloplasmin, and plasma copper during boron repletion than boron depletion. The design of the most recent experiment was the same as the second study, except this time the diet was adequate in magnesium and copper. Estrogen therapy increased plasma copper and serum 17 beta-estradiol concentrations; the increases were depressed by boron deprivation. Estrogen ingestion also increased serum immunoreactive ceruloplasmin and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase; these variables also were higher during boron repletion than depletion for all subjects, not just those ingesting estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Checking GP patients' citizenship would be "bureaucratic nightmare," says GP leader
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Attempts to curb “health tourism” by charging people living in the United Kingdom who don’t have permanent rights of residence to access healthcare form part of a wide ranging immigration bill unveiled on 10 October.

GPs have protested that the plans could create a “bureaucratic nightmare,” and charities providing healthcare to migrants said that the move would lead to a class of ill people unable to access healthcare.

Under the current rules illegal migrants and short term visitors from outside the European Economic Area (EEA) (those with less than six months’ permission to live in the UK) …
Peace and pain
Authors: K Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1994)

It was Christmas eve 1992 when we discovered that I was pregnant. We wrote “to a prospective proud grandfather” on the gift tag of my father in law's Christmas present. Both of our families were delighted for this was to be the long awaited first grandchild.

At ten and half weeks, the ultrasound scan showed a tiny form with arms and legs which waved. I declined blood sampling for (alpha) fetoprotein and this first decision seemed easy. An equally pregnant friend and I celebrated reaching 12 weeks by buying portable nursery monitors. One night, just past 18 weeks, away from home and unable to sleep, I felt the first “tap, tap, tap” of the life inside me. At 20 weeks exactly my husband was able to feel kicking too. The following day, the Monday before Easter, I was off work with a bad cold. Lying in bed with little to occupy my mind, I began to panic at not having felt any movements since the previous day. My midwife had said it was always better to telephone than to worry, so I telephoned and she arranged to meet us. Hearing the wooshing of our baby's heart was such a relief that we would have returned home there and then, completely reassured.

Concern at my modest bump, however, resulted in another ultrasound scan. This time it showed profound oligohydramnios and multiple abnormalities. I remember feeling dazed and …
A biobehavioral intervention improved caregiver well-being and some measures of functioning in patients with dementia
Authors: Howard S. Kirshner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Gitlin LN, Winter L, Dennis MP, Hodgson N, Hauck WW. A biobehavioral home-based intervention and the well-being of patients with dementia and their caregivers: the COPE randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;304:983-91. 20810376
Persistence of thromboxane A2-like material and platelet release-inducing activity in plasma.
Authors: J B Smith, C Ingerman, M J Silver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

During the incubation of arachidonic acid with platelet-rich plasma, a persistent activity appeared that caused the release of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine from indomethacin-treated platelets. By the time-course of its appearance and disappearance, this release-inducing activity could be dissociated from prostaglandin endoperoxides and associated with thromboxane A2-like material. This material persists in plasma because of its continued production and increased stability.