tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Subthreshold Depression in Type 2 Diabetes: An Important Risk Factor for Poor Health Outcomes
Authors: Norbert Schmitz, Geneviève Gariépy, Kimberley J. Smith, Matthew Clyde, Ashok Malla, Richard Boyer, Irene Strychar, Alain Lesage, JianLi Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes and functioning in a prospective community sample of people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective community study in Quebec, Canada, was carried out between 2008 and 2013 (n = 1,064). Five yearly follow-up assessments (telephone interviews) were conducted. Baseline and the first three follow-up assessments were used to identify recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9). Functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II [WHODAS-II]) and health-related quality of life (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] unhealthy days) at 4- and 5-year follow-up assessments were the outcome measures. RESULTS Nearly half of the participants suffered from at least one episode of subthreshold depressive symptoms. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, the risk of poor functioning/impaired health–related quality of life was nearly three times higher (relative risk = 2.86) for participants with four subthreshold depressive episodes compared with participants with no/minimal depression. Results suggest a dose-response relationship: the risk of poor functioning/impaired health–related quality of life increased with the number of recurrent subthreshold depressive episodes even after controlling for potentially confounding variables (significant linear trend, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Recurrent subthreshold depressive symptoms might be an important risk factor for poor health outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Early identification, monitoring, and treatment of recurrent subthreshold depressive symptoms might improve functioning and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes.
Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Ultrasound Fusion Targeted Biopsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Massimo Valerio, Ian Donaldson, Mark Emberton, Behfar Ehdaie, Boris A. Hadaschik, Leonard S. Marks, Pierre Mozer, Ardeshir R. Rastinehad, Hashim U. Ahmed
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Proposed US stroke centres under fire for planned use of alteplase
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Federal legislation to designate US hospitals as “stroke centres” only if they can administer alteplase within three hours from onset of symptoms is causing concern among doctors who question the drug's efficacy.

The opponents also say the plans are an attempt to short-circuit a scientific debate that should be settled by doctors, not politicians.

The Stroke Treatment and Ongoing Prevention Act, which is due to be considered by Congress, would authorise $165m (£101m; €144m) in 2003 and about $125m a year through to 2008 to establish the specialist stroke centres.

The American Heart Association has launched a campaign telling the public to call the emergency number if they have symptoms of a stroke and another directed at …
FDA warns US consumers not to eat spinach after <i>E coli</i> outbreak
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the United States that began in August has now spread to 25 states and made 171 people sick.

In the worst affected state, Wisconsin, a 77 year old woman died from the haemolyticuraemic syndrome. Two other suspicious deaths are being investigated: a child in Idaho and an elderly woman in Maryland, who had both eaten raw spinach before …
International Society of Geriatric Oncology Chemotherapy Taskforce: Evaluation of Chemotherapy in Older Patients—An Analysis of the Medical Literature
Authors: Stuart M. Lichtman, Hans Wildiers, Etienne Chatelut, Christopher Steer, Daniel Budman, Vicki A. Morrison, Brigitte Tranchand, Iuliana Shapira, Matti Aapro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The elderly comprise the majority of patients with cancer and are the recipients of the greatest amount of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data to make evidence-based decisions with regard to chemotherapy. This is due to the minimal participation of older patients in clinical trials and that trials have not systematically evaluated chemotherapy. This article reviews the available information with regard to chemotherapy and aging provided by a task force of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG). Due to the lack of prospective data, the conclusions and recommendations made are a consensus of the participants. Extrapolation of data from younger to older patients is necessary, particularly to those patients older than 80 years, for which data is almost entirely lacking. The classes of drugs reviewed include alkylators, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, taxanes, camptothecins, and epipodophyllotoxins. Clinical trials need to incorporate an analysis of chemotherapy in terms of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of aging. In addition, data already accumulated need to be reanalyzed by age to aid in the management of the older cancer patient.
Metastatic Eccrine Porocarcinoma Detected on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shau-Hsuan Li, Ming-Tsung Chen, Yi-Ju Chen, Sheng-Lan Wang, Wang Chang-Yu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Eccrine porocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm of the sweat gland duct and poses a significant risk of cutaneous, regional lymph node, or visceral metastases. A 62-year-old woman with a history of eccrine porocarcinoma in the left flank area underwent an F-18 FDG PET/CT scan, which revealed increased FDG uptake in left pelvic (SUV 6.34) and left axillary regions (SUV 4.02). Wide excision of left axillary and left pelvic lymph nodes was performed, and histopathologic findings were consistent with eccrine porocarcinoma. PET/CT detects metastases accurately and is helpful in the management of patients with eccrine porocarcinoma.
Idiopathic scoliosis. Gas exchange and the age dependence of arterial blood gases.
Authors: E R Kafer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The aims were to examine the gas exchange and arterial blood gas abnormalities among patients with scoliosis, and the correlation of these abnormalities with age and severity of deformity. Means among 51 patients were as follows: age 25.4 +/- 17.5 yr, angle of scoliosis 80.2 +/- 29.9 (SD), vital capacity 1.94 +/- 0.91 (SD) (i.e. 60.6 +/- 19.2% of predicted), PaO2 85.8 +/- 12.0 (SD), PaCO2 42.4 +/- 8.0, physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio 0.438 +/- 0.074 (SD), and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference breathing air 14.9 +/- 8.9 (SD). Statistically significant correlations were as follows: the PaCO2 and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio increased with age, and the PaO2 and alveolar ventilation decreased with age. The PaO2, alveolar ventilation, and tidal volume were inversely related to the angle of scoliosis and directly related to the vital capacity, precent predicted vital capacity, and the compliance of the respiratory system. The physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were inversely related to the vital capacity, percent predicted vital capacity, and the compliance of the respiratory system. PaCO2 was directly related to the elastance of the respiratory system. We conclude that ventilation-blood flow maldistribution as a result of deformity of the rib cage was the primary abnormality in gas exchange, and that with age there was progressive deterioration in gas exchange. The age-dependent increase in PaCO2 and decrease in alveolar ventilation were due to the increasing physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio and failure of a compensatory increase in ventilation.
Laboratory testing of the patient with multiple chemical sensitivity.
Authors: H R Kehrl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Multiple diagnostic laboratory tests are frequently used in the clinical evaluation of persons with multiple chemical sensitivity without a clear a priori hypothesis. In addition, many of these tests are performed despite a lack of understanding of the test technical performance characteristics or the clinical significance (test sensitivity and specificity). The result is a plethora of laboratory data that have little clinical relevance and that can be both misleading and misused.
Isolated Facial Muscle Metastasis From Renal Cell Carcinoma on F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Sungmin Kang, Bong-Il Song, Hong Je Lee, Shin Young Jeong, Ji-Hyoung Seo, Sang-Woo Lee, Byeong-Cheol Ahn, Jaetae Lee, Hui-Joong Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Facial muscle is a very rare site for distant metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We present a 71-year-old man with isolated facial muscle metastasis 12 years after right nephrectomy for RCC. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft-tissue mass in the masticator space. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a large hypermetabolic lesion in the right masticator space without other hypermetabolic lesion in the whole body. Subsequent biopsy and histologic study confirmed metastatic cancer from RCC.
TREATMENT OF VITILIGO WITH ORAL 4,5',8-TRIMETHYLPSORALEN (TRISORALEN)
Authors: S. S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

SUMMARY.— Thirty-two patients with vitiligo were treated with oral 4,5′,8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and subsequently exposed to various sources of long wave u.v. light, including natural sunlight. The patients were treated once or twice weekly over a period of 4–28 months, taking 15–20 mg of TMP at least 2 h before exposure to u.v. light. The amount of exposure to u.v, light was carefully graduated, and slowly increased according to the patient's tolerance. Six patients showed considerable repigmentation of the areas of vitiligo; 9 others had a significant cosmetic improvement. Areas of vitiligo on the face, neck and trunk were more responsive to treatment than those on the distal parts of the limbs. Natural sunlight in the summer months appears to be much more effective in inducing repigmentation of vitiliginous skin than artificial sources of long wave u.v. light. No adverse effects due to the drug were noted. It is suggested that treatment with systemic TMP is effective and safe and is of use in selected cases of vitiligo.
Sustained virological response reduces incidence of onset of type 2 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Yasuji Arase, Fumitaka Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Norio Akuta, Masahiro Kobayashi, Yusuke Kawamura, Hiromi Yatsuji, Hitomi Sezaki, Tetsuya Hosaka, Miharu Hirakawa, Kenji Ikeda, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Diabetes is present in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the cumulative development incidence and predictive factors for type 2 diabetes after the termination of interferon therapy in Japanese patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV). A total of 2,842 HCV-positive patients treated with interferon (IFN) monotherapy or combination therapy with IFN and ribavirin were enrolled. The mean observation period was 6.4 years. An overnight (12-hour) fasting blood sample or a casual blood sample was taken for routine analyses during follow-up. The primary goal was the onset of type 2 diabetes. Evaluation was performed by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. Of 2,842 HCV patients, 143 patients developed type 2 diabetes. The cumulative development rate of type 2 diabetes was 3.6% at 5 years, 8.0% at 10 years, and 17.0% at 15 years. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes development after the termination of IFN therapy occurred when histological staging was advanced (hazard ratio 3.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.06-5.28; P < 0.001), sustained virological response was not achieved (hazard ratio 2.73; 95% CI 1.77-4.20; P < 0.001), the patient had pre-diabetes (hazard ratio 2.19; 95% CI 1.43-3.37; P < 0.001), and age was ≥50 years (hazard ratio 2.10; 95% CI 1.38-3.18; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicate sustained virological response causes a two-thirds reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes development in HCV-positive patients treated with IFN. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
A woman with raised alkaline phosphatase and forearm deformity
Authors: J. K. Y. Lam, K. S. L. Lam, A. W. C. Kung, K. C. B. Tan, W.-S. Chow, A. W. K. Tso
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 71 year old Chinese woman was referred from the general outpatient clinic to our endocrine clinic for evaluation of raised serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which had been measured as part of a routine check-up. Apart from a history of hypertension and gout, she was well. For the past two years her blood tests had shown a raised ALP (183-277 U/L; reference range 47-124). Liver enzymes, renal function tests, thyroid function tests, and adjusted calcium and phosphate concentrations were all within normal ranges.

Examinations of the abdomen, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system were normal. She was noted to have a deformity of the right forearm (fig 1⇓). She denied a history of trauma or fracture. The deformity had been present for three years, but she had not sought medical advice because it did not affect her hand function and was not painful. A radiograph of the right forearm was taken (fig 2⇓).



Fig 1 Deformity of the right forearm 





Fig 2 Radiograph of the right forearm





### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

The diagnosis is Paget’s disease of bone.

#### Long answer

Paget’s disease of bone was first described by James Paget, who named this skeletal condition “osteitis deformans” in 1877.1 It is a disease of bone remodelling and is characterised by excessive bone resorption at affected skeletal sites, followed by disorganised bone formation. The overproduced bone is sclerotic and of poor quality, and it is susceptible to deformity and fracture.2 Paget’s disease of bone is the second most common metabolic bone disease in European countries. The prevalence of Paget’s disease in the United Kingdom has been estimated at 5% in people over 55 years of age.3 Paget’s disease, …
Specificity of Exercise in Exercise-induced Asthma
Authors: K. D. Fitch, A. R. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Ventilatory function after three types of exercise—running, cycling, and swimming—was studied in 10 control subjects and 40 asthmatic patients. All performed eight minutes of submaximal aerobic exercise during each of the programmes, which were conducted in a randomly selected order. Biotelemetric monitoring of heart rates was used to equate the intensity of the exertion undertaken during the three systems of exercise. No control subject showed any significant variation in ventilatory capacity after exercise, and the responses after the three forms of exercise did not differ. In asthmatics exercise-induced asthma was observed after 72·5% of running tests, 65% of cycling tests, and 35% of swimming tests. In addition, those patients who developed exercise-induced asthma after swimming were noted to have significantly smaller falls in FEV<sub>1</sub> levels than were recorded after running and cycling. These results were statistically significant (P &lt;0·01). The unexplained aetiology of increased airways resistance after exercise in asthmatics is discussed. This study indicates that swimming should be recommended in preference to running or cycling as an exercise programme for adults and children with asthma.
Alkylating agents and human spermatogenesis
Authors: D. G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Eleven patients with malignant lymphoma had sperm counts done in the course of maintenance treatment with the alkylating agents chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide. Of the nine patients treated with chlorambucil, all had aspermia after treatment with doses ranging from 10.1 to 17.7 mg/kg of body weight. The two patients treated with cyclophosphamide had aspermia after a total dose of 227 and 980 mg/kg. One patient has been observed for one year following the cessation of alkylating agents and no return of spermatogenesis has occurred. Three patients had had radiation therapy to portals below the diaphragm and in these cases scatter irradiation might have been a contributing factor.
THE PRODUCTION OF DERMATITIS BY PYRETHRUM AND ATTEMPTS TO PRODUCE A NON-IRRITANT EXTRACT
Authors: K. A. LORD, C. G. JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article THE PRODUCTION OF DERMATITIS BY PYRETHRUM AND ATTEMPTS TO PRODUCE A NON‐IRRITANT EXTRACT Get access K. A. LORD, M.A., A.R.I.C, K. A. LORD, M.A., A.R.I.C Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. G. JOHNSON, Ph.D., D.Sc C. G. JOHNSON, Ph.D., D.Sc Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 11, 1 November 1947, Pages 367–375, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb10879.x Published: 01 November 1947
658 HEPATIC RESECTION CAN PROVIDE LONG-TERM SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS IN BARCELONA CLINICAL LIVER CANCER STAGE B OR C HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: C.-W. Su, G.-Y. Chau, C.-Y. Hsia, J.-C. Wu, T.-I. Huo, Y.-H. Huang, H.-C. Lin, W.-Y. Lui, S.-D. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
"STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF FURUNCULOSIS"
Authors: Ellwood C. Weise
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —Interest in the skin-necrotizing toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus , particularly as to its clinical value in the treatment of recurrent furunculosis when administered hypodermically, led to a summary of an article recently published (Weise, E. C.: Staphylococcus Toxin in the Treatment of Furunculosis,The Journal, August 2, p. 324) in which the following statements were made:   The skin-necrotizing toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was employed in the treatment of chronic furunculosis.  Of twenty-four cases treated, nineteen showed an arrest of the furuncles.  Two cases of furunculosis in diabetic patients were uninfluenced by the injections.  Favorable response to this treatment was noted in other types of staphyloderma.   It is to be noted that a skin-necrotizing toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was employed. This particular exotoxin produced necrosis when injected intradermally into rabbit skin and could be neutralized by the serum of rabbits immunized to it, neutralization of toxin
Abstract 2568: Acquired apoptosis resistance mediated by activation of the Akt/COX-2/Mcl-1 pathway in lung cancer cells
Authors: Wenjie Chen, Lang Bai, Xia Wang, Shanling Xu, Steven A. Belinsky, Yong Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Acquired apoptosis resistance plays an important role in acquired chemoresistance in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Based on our previous observations that acquired TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistance in lung cancer cells was associated with Akt-mediated stabilization of c-FLIP and Mcl-1, we further examined if the TRAIL-resistant cells also have acquired resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin (CDDP) and adriamycin (Adr), and the mechanism underlying this resistance. By systematically delineating the signaling pathway for acquired apoptosis resistance using in vitro cell culture and in vivo xenografted tumor models, we determined that these TRAIL-resistant cells also have acquired resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin (CDDP) and adriamycin (Adr). We further found that COX-2 is dramatically overexpressed in cells with acquired apoptosis resistance. COX-2 appears to be a crucial mediator in acquired apoptosis resistance because suppressing COX-2 activity with chemical inhibitors or reducing COX-2 protein expression level with COX-2 siRNA dramatically alleviated resistance to therapeutic-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting Akt markedly reduced COX-2 expression, suggesting COX-2 is a downstream effector mediating apoptosis resistance of this cell survival kinase. Furthermore, the expression of Mcl-1 but not c-FLIP was significantly reduced when COX-2 was suppressed and knockdown of Mcl-1 substantially sensitized the cells to CDDP- or Adr-induced apoptosis. Our results establish a novel pathway that consists of Akt, COX-2, and Mcl-1 for acquired apoptosis resistance, which could be a molecular target for circumventing acquired chemoresistance in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2568.
Survey of iron-accumulative macroregenerative nodules in cirrhotic livers
Authors: Tadashi Terada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Recently, macroregenerative nodules in cirrhotic livers have been suspected to be among the putative precancerous lesions in human hepatocarcinogenesis. We examined the morphologies of 99 macroregenerative nodules in 44 cirrhotic livers with special emphasis on stainable iron. In 26 macroregenerative nodules (26%), stainable iron selectively accumulated within the macroregenerative nodules themselves, and little or no iron was found in the surrounding regenerative nodules. In nine macroregenerative nodules (9%), an appreciable amount of stainable iron was present in both the macroregenerative nodules and the surrounding regenerative nodules. In the remaining 64 macroregenerative nodules (65%), stainable iron was absent in both the macroregenerative nodules and the surrounding regenerative nodules. Hyperplastic hepatocellular foci were present within 19 (73%) of the 26 iron-accumulative macroregenerative nodules, one (11%) of the nine iron-positive macroregenerative nodules and 20 (31%) of the 64 iron-negative macroregenerative nodules. These findings suggest that iron-accumulative macroregenerative nodules are frequently associated with hyperplastic hepatocellular foci and should be included among the precancerous lesions in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Concurrent multiple morphea and neonatal lupus erythematosus in an infant boy born to a mother with SLE
Authors: N. OHTAKI, C. MIYAMOTO, M. ORITA, M. KOYA, M. MATSUO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

An infant boy born to a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus developed multiple morphea and annular erythematous lesions. The annular lesions appeared on his face, back, chest and extremities one month after birth and faded within 7 months. The sclerotic lesions progressed until the age of 6 months and remain on his back, chest, right cheek, the nape of the neck and left shoulder at the age of 3 years. Histological findings in the sclerotic lesions were consistent with scleroderma. Serological tests, performed at 14 months of age, were within normal limits. The mother developed acute SLE and died of cardio-renal failure 8 months after the delivery. It is highly probable that maternal factors transferred through the placenta caused the sclerotic lesions in the infant.