tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive evaluation of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in childhood asthma
Authors: Cansin Sackesen, Hulya Ercan, Evrim Dizdar, Ozge Soyer, Pinar Gumus, Berat Nursal Tosun, Zehra Büyüktuncer, Erdem Karabulut, Tanju Besler, Omer Kalayci
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Imaging of the airways by bronchoscintigraphy for the study of mucociliary clearance.
Authors: S Groth, J Mortensen, P Lange, E P Munch, P G Sorensen, N Rossing
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A method for functional imaging of the large airways (bronchoscintigraphy) has been developed. It is based on the administration of aerosolised albumin labelled with technetium-99m using a special inhalation technique to produce central airway deposition. The method was evaluated as a measure of mucociliary clearance by recording the movement of radioactivity in the airways of 11 healthy, non-smoking subjects on two separate days. A series of bronchoscintigrams was acquired at five minute intervals for two hours after termination of the inhalation. After the first bronchoscintigram 1.25 mg terbutaline or placebo was administered from a metered dose inhaler (five puffs) according to a randomised, double blind, crossover design. The scintigrams were evaluated blind. After terbutaline the segmental bronchi were no longer visible after a median time of 10 minutes, the lobar bronchi after 20 minutes and the main bronchi after 30 minutes. In six cases the trachea was cleared after two hours. After placebo the segmental bronchi disappeared after a median of 15 minutes, but at two hours half the lobar bronchi remained visible. In only two cases was it no longer possible to see the main bronchi or the trachea. It is concluded that bronchoscintigraphy can be used to examine regional mucociliary clearance in healthy subjects and that terbutaline significantly increases the clearance of the deposited radioactive aerosol.
Corrigendum to: “Treatment Outcomes in the STAR Study: A Subanalysis of Solifenacin 5 mg and Tolterodine ER 4 mg” [Eur Urol 2007;52:1195–1203]
Authors: Christopher R. Chapple, Aino Fianu-Jonsson, Mark Indig, Vik Khullar, José Rosa, Roberto M. Scarpa, Arun Mistry, D. Mark Wright, John Bolodeoku
Journal: European Urology (2008)
One Blood: The Death and Resurrection of Charles R. Drew
Authors: Claude H. Organ
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Frankly, l've been trying to bury Charlie Drew for the past 32 years. I just don't know how often I have to say what happened to get it right.</i>—Samuel Bullock, MD <i>One Blood</i>, by Spencie Love, PhD, is a meticulously documented investigation of the death, legends, and myths surrounding the life of Charles Richard Drew, MD, DSc, the surgeon, educator, and blood preservation authority, who died after an automobile accident at the age of 45 years in 1950. Love credits her husband and the Duke Oral History Program for their stimulating and encouraging roles in the development of this document. On December 1,1950, 8 months after Drew's death, Maltheus Avery, a World War II veteran and student at North Carolina A &amp; T College, sustained severe injuries in an automobile accident. He was taken to the Duke Hospital in Durham, NC, where he was refused treatment because "Duke's Black
Increased Expression of the Laminin Receptor in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: V. Cioce, V. Castronovo, B. M. Shmookler, S. Garbisa, W. F. Grigioni, L. A. Liotta, M. E. Sobel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

It has been proposed that among the various cell-surface proteins capable of interacting with laminin, the 67-kd high-affinity laminin receptor plays a crucial role during tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, the expression of laminin-receptor-precursor messenger RNA (mRNA) and 67-kd protein was analyzed in human colon adenocarcinoma. In 22 of 23 patients with colon cancer, we found a 2-to 23-fold increase in levels of laminin-receptor-precursor mRNA in the cancer tissues compared with those in matched normal adjacent colonic mucosa. In 10 of 11 cases studied, the level of 67-kd laminin receptor, detected by affinity-purified anti-laminin-receptor synthetic peptide antibodies on immuno-blots of matched tumor and normal tissue extracts, was higher in the colon carcinoma tissue. Immunodetection of laminin receptor in tissue sections using anti-laminin-receptor-peptide antibodies confirmed that the increased expression of laminin receptor was specifically associated with the cancer cells. In a series of 72 paraffin sections of colon lesions, we observed a correlation between the expression of the laminin receptor and the Dukes' classification. Our observations indicate that increased expression of laminin-receptor-precursor mRNA is associated with enhanced levels of the 67-kd laminin receptor as well as with the invasive phenotype of colon carcinoma. Detection of this metastasis-associated gene product may be a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of human colon cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 29–36, 1991]
Helicobacter pylori test and treat strategy for young dyspeptic patients: new data
Authors: P Moayyedi
Journal: Gut (2002)

Decision analysis models have given different conclusions on the value of the <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> “test and treat” strategy for the management of dyspepsia. This uncertainty relates to the lack of primary data on this strategy. Four randomised controlled trials have compared the <i>H pylori</i> “test and treat” strategy with prompt endoscopy and have allowed a more accurate decision analysis model to be constructed. The model indicates that the <i>H pylori</i> test and treat strategy is more cost effective than prompt endoscopy, and should be the new “gold standard” against which other strategies are compared.
Cases of euthanasia and assisted suicide reported to the public prosecutor in North Holland over 10 years
Authors: G. van der Wal, B. D Onwuteaka-Philipsen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide are still forbidden in the Netherlands and cases have to be reported to the public prosecutor as unnatural deaths. Doctors will not, however, be prosecuted if they have acted in accordance with the requirements for prudent practice.1 Before the 1980s doctors never reported such cases, but the numbers of reported cases have increased since then, from 19 in 1984 to 1318 in 1993.1 We wanted to gain insight into the characteristics of reported cases of euthanasia (including assisted suicide): which physicians perform it and with what kind of patients?

Data were collected from each reported case of euthanasia in the province of North Holland (2.3 million inhabitants) from 1984 to 1993. The source was reports …
Postischemic Recovery of Contractile Function is Impaired in SOD2 <sup>+/−</sup> but Not SOD1 <sup>+/−</sup> Mouse Hearts
Authors: Gregory K. Asimakis, Scott Lick, Cam Patterson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to myocardial stunning. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a major defense mechanism against ROS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contributions of cytosolic (SOD1) and mitochondrial (SOD2) isoforms to protect against myocardial stunning.Isolated hearts from wild-type, heterozygous (+/-) SOD1 and SOD2 knockout mice received 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. After 60 minutes of reperfusion, the heart rate multiplied by the developed pressure (HRxDP) in the wild-type and SOD1(+/-) hearts recovered to 92 +/- 9 and 85 +/- 7 of preischemic baseline values, respectively (P=NS). In contrast, the HRxDP was significantly lower (63 +/- 7%) in the SOD2(+/-) hearts compared with the wild-type hearts. Western blot analysis and enzymatic activity of tissue lysates confirmed reduction of activities of specific SOD isoforms without compensatory increase in the other isoform in the knockout animals studied.Postischemic functional recovery is more sensitive to a partial deficiency of SOD2 than a partial deficiency of SOD1. Therefore, modulation of the mitochondrial SOD isoform is a critical determinant in the tolerance of the heart to oxidative stress.
Nutritional Risk of High-Carbohydrate, Guar Gum Dietary Supplementation in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: M A S Van Duyn, T A Leo, M E McIvor, K M Behall, J E Michnowski, A I Mendeloff
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Dietary supplementation with high-carbohydrate, guar gum fiber (HCF) is effective in acutely blunting postprandial blood glucose levels. We report the effect of such supplementation on the diet and nutritional status of a group of 16 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who incorporated either HCF bars (35.7 g carbohydrate and 6.6 g guar gum/bar) or placebo bars (identical except for the absence of guar gum) into the diet for 6 mo as part of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The HCF subjects achieved mean daily intake of 4.8 ± 0.4 bars, constituting 51.2 ± 3.1% of total calories and providing 29.7 ± 2.6 g guar gum daily. Energy intakes and body weight did not change significantly in either group. Food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes did change, although not enough to impair the nutritional integrity of the diet because the bars themselves served as a source of nutrients. The bars were rich in thiamin, B6, folacin, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper, adequately replacing any decrease in nutrient intake as a result of foods being dropped from the diet. In fact, daily intakes of B6, folacin, and copper actually increased due to contributions from the bars. Nutrients in which the bars were poor (vitamins A, C and B12) resulted in suboptimal intakes (&amp;lt;66% RDA). Although no significant change in nutritional status of the HCF group occurred as determined by arm muscle area, arm fat area, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or serum albumin, transferrin, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, B12, and magnesium levels, these indicators of nutritional status are rather insensitive. To ensure adequate nutrient intake and thus nutritional status with HCF diets, vitamin and mineral supplementation is probably advisable over the long term.
Effect of single and repeated intravenous doses of omeprazole on pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion and pharmacokinetics in man.
Authors: J B Jansen, P Lundborg, L C Baak, J Greve, M Ohman, C Stover, K Rohss, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1988)

Single intravenous doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg and repeated once daily intravenous doses of 10 and 20 mg omeprazole induced a powerful and long lasting inhibition of pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion (PAO) in healthy male volunteers. Single intravenous doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg omeprazole inhibited PAO by 30% (p less than 0.01), 45% (p less than 0.01), 61% (p less than 0.01), and 80% (p less than 0.01), respectively when measured 1.5 h after dose, and by 20% (NS), 27% (NS), 36% (p less than 0.01) and 59% (p less than 0.01), respectively when measured 24 h after dose. Six days after repeated once daily intravenous doses of 10 and 20 mg omeprazole, PAO was inhibited by 63% (p less than 0.01) and 82% (p less than 0.01), respectively when measured 1.5 h after dose, and by 32% (p less than 0.01) and 43% (p less than 0.01), respectively when measured 24 h after dose. The inhibition of PAO by 10 mg administered intravenously as a single bolus injection was comparable with the inhibition by 20 mg as a single oral dose. Repeated once daily administration of 10 mg intravenously and 20 mg orally also resulted in comparable reductions in PAO. The reduction in PAO after repeated once daily oral administration of 20 mg was comparable with the effect of a single intravenous dose of 40 mg. Terminal half lives were short, but significantly (p less than 0.05) prolonged after a single intravenous injection of 80 mg. Repeated once daily intravenous administration of 10 and 20 mg did not result in prolongation of terminal half lives. It is concluded that intravenous administration of omeprazole causes a potent and long acting inhibition of pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. Its potency is augmented after repeated once daily administration.
Immediate feedback of HbA1c levels improves glycemic control in type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
Authors: E Cagliero, E V Levina, D M Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Accurate and reliable HbA1c results can be obtained at the time of the office visit by using benchtop analyzers. We tested the hypothesis that immediately available HbA1c results could improve glycemic control by changing physician or patient behavior or both. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 201 type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients attending an academic diabetes center. HbA1c levels, changes in insulin therapy, and use of health care resources were assessed during a 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS: HbA1c levels decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months in the immediate assay group (-0.57 +/- 1.44 and -0.40 +/- 1.65%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01) but did not change in the control group (-0.11 +/- 0.79 and -0.19 +/- 1.16%, respectively; NS). The changes were similar for both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. There were no differences in the rates of hypoglycemic events or use of health care resources. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of a controlled randomized trial, the immediate feedback of HbA1c results at the time of patient encounters resulted in a significant improvement of glycemic control at 6-month follow-up and persisted for the 12-month study. The introduction of this assay was positively received by both patients and physicians.
An In Vitro Demonstration of Increased Collecting Tubular Permeability to Urea in the Presence of Vasopressin*
Authors: Kenneth D. Gardner, Roy H. Maffly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

In the mammalian kidney the final step in the formation of a concentrated urine now is recog- nized to be the net extraction of water from col- lecting tubular fluid (1-3).Available evidence indicates that sodium and urea, in addition to water, leave this segment of the nephron (3-5).The forces that drive these molecules presumably are those which drive molecules across other bio- logical membranes.They may include the chemi- cal, electrical, and hydrostatic pressure gradients across the collecting tubular wall and active trans- port mechanisms in the wall.The rate at which these molecules move is governed also by the per- meability characteristics of the wall.In the intact kidney it is difficult to assess with confidence the degree to which each of these fac- tors affects molecular movement and consequently the final concentration of the urine.Transmural gradients in vivo may change with alteration in the medullary patterns of countercurrent flow, whereas active transport mechanisms and perme- ability characteristics may vary in response to hormones (6).In order to control these variables, an in vitro technique has been devised for the perfusion of collecting tubules in the isolated medullary pyramid of the rodent kidney.With this technique collecting tubular permeability can be characterized in an experimental environment *
Israeli surgeons are reprimanded for allowing their names to appear on a study they had not done
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An influential group of MPs has claimed that widespread financial incompetence is adding to the cost of the United Kingdom's controversial private finance initiative (PFI).The House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts made its new attack on the PFI after it discovered that the government had clawed back £100m (€145m; $200m) less than was predicted from the new private-public profit sharing schemes.The committee's chairman, the Conservative MP Edward Leigh, blamed the loss on the failure of Treasury officials to oversee key refinancing arrangements.In 2002 ministers introduced changes so that public sector bodies could share in some of the financial gains when big PFI loans were rearranged.Typically, these loans were renegotiated on a more favourable basis once PFI projects had been completed and the risks involved were lower.However, left to their own devices, officials in local hospitals had been out of their depth negotiating with their counterparts in the private sector, the committee says.In 2003 the Office of Government Commerce, which then had responsibility for PFI policy, told the public accounts committee that it expected the public sector to receive between £175m and £200m from the voluntary sharing arrangements in early PFI deals.However, up to December 2006 the government had secured the right to gains of only £93m."Proceeds gained by the public sector from PFI debt refinancing under the voluntary code for the sharing of gains are currently well short of expectations" said Mr Leigh.
Interobserver Variability in Recognizing Arousal in Respiratory Sleep Disorders
Authors: MICHAEL J. DRINNAN, ALAN MURRAY, CLIVE J. GRIFFITHS, G. JOHN GIBSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Daytime sleepiness is a common consequence of repeated arousal in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Arousal indices are sometimes used to make decisions on treatment, but there is no evidence that arousals are detected similarly even by experienced observers. Using the American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA) definition of arousal in terms of the accompanying electroencephalogram (EEG) changes, we have quantified interobserver agreement for arousal scoring and identified factors affecting it. Ten patients with suspected OSA were studied; three representative EEG events during each of light, slow-wave, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep were extracted from each record (90 events total) and evaluated by experts in 14 sleep laboratories. Observers differed (ANOVA, p < 0.001) in the number of events scored as arousal (totals ranged from 23 to 53 of the 90 events). Overall agreement was moderate ( κ = 0.47), but it was best for events during slow-wave sleep, moderate for REM, and poor for light sleep ( κ = 0.60, 0.52, and 0.28, respectively). Agreement was unrelated to arousal duration. We conclude that the ASDA definition of arousal is only moderately repeatable. Account should be taken of this variability when results from different centers are compared.
Correction: Review of Book on Endocrine Disease
Authors: Paul M. Copeland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1989Correction: Review of Book on Endocrine DiseasePaul M. Copeland, MDPaul M. Copeland, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-7-578_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe second and third sentences of the fourth paragraph of my review (1) ofDiagnosis and Pathology of Endocrine Diseasesshould read: "Clinical presentations of endocrine diseases are covered briefly and often inadequately. For example, infertility is mentioned, but impotence is omitted as a consequence of prolactin excess in men."...Reference1. Copeland P. Diagnosis and Pathology of Endocrine Diseases [Book review]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:175-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1989Volume 110, Issue 7Page: 578-578KeywordsClinical pathologyErectile dysfunctionInfertilityProlactin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Classical conditioning has much to do with LTP
Authors: Richard F. Thompson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Shors &amp; Matzel somewhat lightly dismiss the evidence that a process like LTP may underlie the learning-induced increase in neuronal activity in the hippocampus in eyeblink conditioning. I provide some 12 lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis and the further hypothesis that this learning-induced LTP-like hippocampal plasticity can play a critical role in certain aspects of learned behavior.
PET Screening for Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma—Reply
Authors: Carol-Anne Moulton, Karen Gulenchyn, Mark N. Levine
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emulator as body schema
Authors: Virginia Slaughter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Grush's emulator model appears to be consistent with the idea of a body schema, that is, a detailed mental representation of the body, its structure, and movement in relation to the environment. If the emulator is equivalent to a body schema, then the next step will be to specify how the emulator accounts for neuropsychological and developmental phenomena that have long been hypothesized to involve the body schema.
Quality Improvement Questioned
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNase I–hypersensitive exons colocalize with promoters and distal regulatory elements
Authors: Tim R Mercer, Stacey L Edwards, Michael B Clark, Shane J Neph, Hao Wang, Andrew B Stergachis, Sam John, Richard Sandstrom, Guoliang Li, Kuljeet S Sandhu, Yijun Ruan, Lars K Nielsen, John S Mattick, John A Stamatoyannopoulos
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)