tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune thrombocytopenia: A rare presenting manifestation of tuberculosis
Authors: M.W. Ghobrial, M.A. Albornoz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We report the case of a 49 year‐old male who presented with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)‐induced epistaxis and generalized purpura. During the same hospitalization the patient was also found to have clinical, microbiological, histological, and roentgenographic evidence of disseminated mycobacterial tuberculosis (TB). The hematological and infectious abnormalities, which did not respond to high‐dose intravenous corticosteroids and immune globulin (IVIg), resolved after anti‐tuberculous treatment. Herein we review the characteristics of this rarely documented association. Am. J. Hematol. 67:139–143, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE RELATION OF MANURE TO THE NUTRITIVE AND VITAMIN VALUE OF CERTAIN GRAIN
Authors: R. McCarrison
Journal: BMJ (1924)

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GRAIN. [MxDICAJnRNAL 567 mnent.These fractions were shaken out by hand (1) four times with 15 per cent.NaOHi (2) twice with water; (3) four times with 20 per cent.H2SO by weight; (4) twice with water.C and D after this extraction of acids and bases were dissolved in ether and applied to series of 100 mice.In the " D " series, between the 120th day when 30 mice were alive and the 258th day when 5 mice remained, 8 mice developed epithelioma and one a non-malignant epithelial horn; this is as large a yield of tumours as one would obtain with many samples of crude tar.Fraction C at the present date (355th day) has produced one epithelioma, presenting some remarkable features which will be referred to in a later publication, and among the 9 surviving mice there is one tumour which is almsost cer.tainly malignant, and one papilloma.Thus the higher-boiling fraction D is the more active.The ordinary Prussian blue test shows a very slight trace of nitrogen in C, and a distinctly larger amount in D. Bloch24 mentions cancer-producing fractions of tar containing no acids, bases, nor nitrogen, and a trace only of sulphur, but lhe gives iio details.Summary of Section III.Thus the attempts made as yet to find the canicer- producing substance among the known conistituents of coal-tar have given wholly negative results.Anthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, picene, retene, truxene, aceniaph- thene, fluorene, acridine, carbazole, aniline, benzene, toluene, and xylene have been excluded by experimelntal tests; and either the experimental or industrial evidence, or botlh of these, is against the importance of niaphthalene, the acids, bases, and other nitrogenous compounds, paiaffiins, olefines, and naphthenes.It now seems not un- likely that this substance is a compound, as -yet ultnknown,
Increased VIP-Positive Nerve Fibers in the Mucous Glands of Subjects with Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: ROSARIA E. LUCCHINI, FABRIZIO FACCHINI, GRAZIELLA TURATO, MARINA SAETTA, GAETANO CARAMORI, ADALBERTO CIACCIA, PIERO MAESTRELLI, DAVID R. SPRINGALL, JULIA M. POLAK, LEONARDO FABBRI, CRISTINA E. MAPP
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The presence and distribution of neuropeptide-containing nerves within bronchial surgical specimens has been investigated in bronchitic (n = 12) and in nonbronchitic subjects (n = 7). Lung tissue, obtained from patients undergoing thoracotomy for limited lung lesions, was processed immediately and analyzed for nerves using the streptavidin-biotin complex peroxidase method with antisera to the neural marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the density of PGP 9.5-, SP-, or CGRP-positive nerves in both the locations assessed (smooth muscle layer and glands). The density of VIP-positive nerves was significantly higher in the glands of bronchitic than in nonbronchitic subjects. A negative relationship was found between the presence of airway inflammation, as indexed by mononuclear cell tissue infiltration, and the density of PGP 9.5-positive nerves in both smooth muscle and glands. Likewise, a relationship was found between the smoking history (packs/yr and age of onset of smoking) and the density of VIP-positive nerves in glands. These findings support a role for VIP in the hallmark of chronic bronchitis, i.e., sputum production.
Low-Level Expression of a Mutant Coxsackieviral cDNA Induces a Myocytopathic Effect in Culture
Authors: Rainer Wessely, Andreas Henke, Roland Zell, Reinhard Kandolf, Kirk U. Knowlton
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Enteroviral ribonucleic acids have been identified in heart muscle of a subset of patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as in a mouse model of persistent coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, suggesting that persistent viral infection along with activation of an immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of ongoing cardiac disease and dilated cardiomyopathy in certain patients. It is still not known whether persistence of the viral genome contributes to the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results —To determine whether low-level enteroviral gene expression similar to that observed with viral persistence can induce myocytopathic effects without formation of infectious virus progeny, the full-length infectious cDNA copy of CVB3 was mutated at the VP0 maturation cleavage site. This prevented formation of infectious virus progeny. In myocytes transfected with this mutated cDNA copy of the viral genome, both positive- and negative-strand viral RNAs were detected, demonstrating that there was replication of the viral genome by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The level of viral protein expression was found to be below limits of detection by conventional methods of protein detection, thus resembling restricted virus replication. Nonetheless, the CVB3 mutant was found to induce a cytopathic effect in transfected myocytes, which was demonstrated by inhibition of cotransfected MLC-2v luciferase reporter activity and an increase in release of lactate dehydrogenase from transfected cells. Conclusions —This study demonstrates that restricted replication of enteroviral genomes in myocytes in a pattern similar to that observed in hearts with persistent viral infection can induce myocytopathic effects without generation of infectious virus progeny.
Hepatic Angiosarcoma and Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Induced by Fowler's Solution
Authors: Michael L. Kasper, Lynn Schoenfield, Robert L. Strom, Athanasios Theologides
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE MEDICINAL use of Fowler's solution reached its heyday during the Victorian age, but arsenical solutions continued to be prescribed for dermatological conditions until the 1960.<sup>1</sup>Following intake of arsenic, in the patient we describe, a hepatic angiosarcoma and a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma appeared simultaneously after a prolonged latent period. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old man had been well until seven months before his death. At that time he was found to have ascites, abnormal liver function test results, and decreased hepatic uptake with multiple focal defects appearing on a liver-spleen isotope scan. Tests for carcinoembryonic antigen and α-fetoprotein gave negative results, and the results of a liver biopsy were not diagnostic. On referral to our hospital, he was cachectic, with scleral icterus, asterixis, fetor hepaticus, and rales in the base of the right lung. He had ascites without abdominal organomegaly or masses. His palms and soles had hyperkeratotic
Intra- and post-operative treatment and course variables associated with stroke subtypes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Donald S. Likosky, Steven P. Braff, Gregg S. Hartman, Eric S. Landis, Louis R. Caplan, Ronald M. Weintraub, Brett I. Applebaum, Cathy S. Ross, Gerald T. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Exercise Therapy in Hypertension
Authors: Peter Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Exercise Therapy in Hypertensive Men" by J. L. Boyer and F. W. Kasch (<b>211</b>:1668, 1970) shows an average diastolic blood pressure decrease of 12 mm following an exercise program. However, a closer examination of the data shows a bimodal distribution with one peak centered at 20 mm and the other at 4 mm. This feature shows up if one simply plots a histogram, or frequency function, of the number of individuals as a function of the blood pressure decrease. We can verify this intuitive conclusion by estimating the location of the two normally distributed peaks of the bimodal distribution, under the assumption that the sample elements are taken equally from these two distributions. With these postulates the deviation of the peaks from the sample mean is estimated from a formula which utilizes the sample mean, sample variance, and the mean of the absolute
Biliary Scintigraphy and Ultrasound Demonstrating an S-Shaped Gallbladder with a Calculus and Narrowing at Its Midportion
Authors: CHARLES W. DROCEA, NANCY E. BUDORICK, ANDREW E. KIM, RASHID FAWWAZ, RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

DROCEA, CHARLES W. M.D.; BUDORICK, NANCY E. M.D.; KIM, ANDREW E. M.D.; FAWWAZ, RASHID Ph.D., M.D.; VAN HEERTUM, RONALD L. M.D. Author Information
The Limit of Plausibility for Predictors of Response: Application to Biventricular Pacing
Authors: Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Punam A. Pabari, Berthold Stegemann, Vittorio Palmieri, Francisco Leyva, Cecilia Linde, Nick Freemantle, Justin E. Davies, Alun D. Hughes, Darrel P. Francis
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Variant of outflow tract tachycardia associated with a somatic mutation of the gai switch 2 region
Authors: Bruce B. Lerman, Jie Dai, Kenneth M. Stein, Steven M. Markowitz, Suneet Mittal, David J. Slotwiner, Sei Iwai, Linna Xu, Mithilesh K. Das, Steven C. Hao, Jennifer D. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Voiding, Its Mechanism
Authors: Ahmad Hatam
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MICTURITION has been studied extensively over the years, but prior to the work of Muellner the autonomic nervous system was considered the keystone of urinary control. Muellner showed that the voluntary muscles of the perineum were basically responsible for the voluntary act of miction and urinary continence. The ability to voluntarily relax the perineal muscles was essential to initiate urination, and the normal tone of the pelvic diaphragm was necessary for urinary continence. We have no divergent views, but present these studies to substantiate Muellner's observations.  We have recorded cinefluorographically the role of the striated extravesical musculature in both normal and abnormal states of micturition. These photographic records confirm the fact that pelvoperineal musculature plays the principal part in voluntary urinary control, with the external urinary sphincter being concerned but momentarily.  The voluntary muscles of micturition are the levator and the sphincter urethral and the bulbocarvernosis (in the male).
Letter by Uretsky Regarding Article, “Outcomes in Patients With De Novo Left Main Disease Treated With Either Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents or Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Treatment in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) Trial”
Authors: Barry F. Uretsky
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Upper gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: S. Gross, M. Raimondo, M. Conio
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging for esophageal cancer looks at location of regional lymph nodes, but unlike staging of other gastrointestinal malignancies, it does not consider the number of lymph nodes. The inclusion of the number of lymph nodes to the current staging system may lead to more accurate staging.
Treatment of Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis with 4-Aminosalicylic Acid Enemas
Authors: ALLEN L. GINSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Twenty-five patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis were randomly assigned to receive either 2 g of 4-aminosalicylic acid (para-aminosalicylic acid) or placebo in a 60-mL volume as a nightly retention enema. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Disease activity was assessed by grading clinical symptoms of blood, mucus, urgency, sigmoidoscopic findings, and degree of histologic inflammation in rectal biopsies. At 8 weeks, 10 of 12 patients (83%; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 55% to 97%) who received 4-aminosalicylic acid showed improvement in clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic variables. In contrast, only 2 of 13 patients (15%; 95% Cl, 4% to 38%) who had received placebo showed clinical improvement (P < 0.005). The 11 patients in the placebo group who showed no improvement were treated subsequently with open-label 4-aminosalicylic acid enemas. Of the 11, 9 showed clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic improvement. No adverse effects were seen. 4-Aminosalicylic acid enemas are a safe and effective means of treating left-sided ulcerative colitis.
Starting on the pill.
Authors: N Loudon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

It is standard practice to tell women starting on the pill to begin on Day 5 after menstraution and use alternative contraception during the 1st cycle. Many do not use additional contraception and become pregnant. This could be avoided by starting them on the pill on the 1st day of the menstrual cycle. The 1st period is thus a little shorter (22 or 23 days) but this does not bother women if they are warned, and after the 2nd period the usual cycle is established. Not 1 woman on this regime has become pregnant. Also, when switching from 1 dosage to another, standard practice is to start the new pill on Day 5 and use alternative contraception in addition. Usually foam or condoms are supplied. This double expense could be avoided and the threat of pregnancy eliminated if the new pill were started immediately after the old, with no break between the preparations. Again a normal cycle is established after the 2nd package. Also, many women so dislike the additional contraception they refuse to change from a high estrogen to a low estrogen preparation. By taking 2 packages together they can avoid this problem and go on to the preferred lower dosage.
Ultrastructural alterations of the air-blood barrier in sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis and their relation to lung histopathology.
Authors: C Planès, D Valeyre, A Loiseau, J F Bernaudin, P Soler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To evaluate the incidence of air-blood barrier lesions in the course of chronic interstitial lung diseases, we studied by electron microscopy open lung biopsy specimens from patients with sarcoidosis or chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and compared the distribution of ultrastructural air-blood barrier lesions (including swelling or destruction of epithelial and endothelial cells, type II cell hyperplasia, and basement membrane disruption) with the type of histopathologic abnormalities present (including inflammation, inflammation and fibrosis, or fibrosis alone). Ultrastructural lesions of the air-blood barrier were frequently observed in sarcoidosis as well as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Their nature and distribution were highly dependent on the histologic pattern of lung tissue in which they were present: epithelial and/or endothelial injury was more frequently observed in inflammatory areas (90 to 100% of all lung specimens displaying inflammation alone), whereas type II cell hyperplasia was mainly identified in fibrotic tissues (83 to 100% of all lung specimens displaying fibrosis alone). Strikingly, in lung tissue considered as normal by light microscopy, air-blood barrier was frequently found to be damaged (50 to 62% of apparently normal lung specimens), suggesting that alveolar lesions may constitute an early phenomenon in the course of pulmonary inflammatory processes. The air-blood barrier alterations observed in this study may provide an anatomic basis for the modifications of alveolar permeability described in pulmonary sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Abstract LB-5: The dominant-negative effect of an insulin-like growth factor-1 mutant that is defective in binding to integrins (αvβ3 and α6β4)
Authors: Masaaki Fujita, Katsuaki Ieguchi, Robert Cardiff, Alexander D. Borowsky, Yoshikazu Takada
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) is a major therapeutic target for cancer. Integrin αvβ3 plays a critical role in regulating IGF1 signaling, while the specifics are unclear. We recently reported that IGF1 directly binds to αvβ3. The integrin-binding defective IGF1 mutant (R36E/R37E) is defective in inducing IGF signaling and a ternary complex (αvβ3, IGF1R, and IGF1) formation, although the mutant still binds to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). These findings suggest that direct binding of IGF1 to αvβ3 is required for intracellular signaling (J. Saegusa, S. Yamaji, K. Ieguchi, C.Y. Wu, K.S. Lam, F.T. Liu, Y.K. Takada, and Y. Takada, The direct binding of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to integrin αvβ3 is involved in IGF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284: 24106–14). Here we describe that R36E/R37E suppressed proliferation and intracellular signaling induced by WT IGF1 in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells (a dominant negative effect). R36E/R37E suppressed anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells, while WT IGF1 enhanced it. Also, R36E/R37E suppressed the tumorigenesis of MCF-7 cells in SCID mice, while wt IGF-1 markedly enhanced it. Since MCF-7 cells express little or no αvβ3, we studied which integrins are involved in IGF signaling. We discovered that α6β4, which is over-expressed in cancer and implicated in tumor progression, directly binds to WT IGF1 (but not to R36E/R37E) in MCF-7. Interestingly, WT IGF1 induced a ternary complex formation (α6β4, IGF1, and IGF1R) but R36E/R37E did not. These results suggest that α6β4 in addition to αvβ3 plays a role in IGF signaling through direct binding to IGF1, and that R36E/R37E acts as an inhibitor of IGF signaling. We propose that R36E/R37E has potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-5. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-5
CASE OF COMPOUND FRACTURE OF THE CRANIUM, WITH DEPRESSION: TREPHINING: RECOVERY
Authors: G. Pound
Journal: BMJ (1854)

Od_t sim the teA a fmdeSo mt days ie go-VO hAled neary by intention ws well and sound in five week after the opertion.71e young man progressed satisfactorily m every respect, ad hsbeen in poo& health ever since.RZmaZxs This surgi ca is recorded, not on account of any Peculiarity it in itself poss, but simply with the
Foreign graduates' entry to general practice.
Authors: J B Davis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Drug polyconsumption is a negative predictor for treatment success and is related to increased risk-behaviour. However, little is known about risk factors associated to polyconsumption. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify risk factors associated to last month illegal drugs polyconsumption (two or more drugs) in a Chilean population of adult drug users. <h3>Methods</h3> In 2008 we administered a previously validated 6th version of the Addiction Severity Index to 436 adult drug users, recently admitted to rehabilitation programs, without serious psychiatric disorders and who signed an informed consent (age 32.5+9.3 years. 71.8% male). This semi-structured questionnaire includes information about: medical history, social support, employment, legal problems, drug use and psychiatry disorders. Last 30 days consumption was considered to calculate the number of drugs consumed by individuals entering a rehabilitation program. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age at drug use initiation was 16+5.4 y. Total number of drugs consumed ranged from 0 to 4 (theorical maximum 9). 30 days prevalence of polyconsumption was 30.5%. Cocaine, marihuana and sedatives were the most common illegal drugs used (53.7, 52.2 and 19.1% each). Age was negatively associated with polyconsumption, adjusted OR=0.94 (0.90–0.98) and history of physically abused and friend with drug problems were identified as risk factors, 2.12 (1.15–3.9) and 2.38 (1.29–4.42), respectively. Neither education, marital and employment status, sexual abuse history, legal or medical problems, drug user partner or relative, nor depression were associated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Polyconsumption risk factors must be addressed to potentially improve the outcome of rehabilitation programs.
Polymyositis and Cell-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Morris Ziff, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Polymyositis has usually been included with the connective-tissue diseases because of certain well recognized clinical and laboratory overlaps. However, aside from the demonstration of immune complexes in muscle-vessel walls, particularly in childhood dermatomyositis,1 evidence for an immunologic mechanism for the tissue injury has in most patients been sparse. Hypergammaglobulinemia, if present, is usually modest, hypocomplementemia is rare, and there is no renal involvement. It is for these reasons that a number of investigators have in recent years explored the possibility that a cellular immune mechanism is responsible for the muscle injury that characterizes this disease. From these studies has come . . .