tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide production contributes to the angiogenic properties of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endothelial cells.
Authors: A Papapetropoulos, G García-Cardeña, J A Madri, W C Sessa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in VEGF-induced proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used. VEGF stimulated the growth of HUVEC in an NO-dependent manner. In addition, VEGF promoted the NO-dependent formation of network-like structures in HUVEC cultured in three dimensional (3D) collagen gels. Exposure of cells to VEGF led to a concentration-dependent increase in cGMP levels, an indicator of NO production, that was inhibited by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. VEGF-stimulated NO production required activation of tyrosine kinases and increases in intracellular calcium, since tyrosine kinase inhibitors and calcium chelators attenuated VEGF-induced NO release. Moreover, two chemically distinct phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors attenuated NO release after VEGF stimulation. In addition, HUVEC incubated with VEGF for 24 h showed an increase in the amount of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein and the release of NO. In summary, both short- and long-term exposure of human EC to VEGF stimulates the release of biologically active NO. While long-term exposure increases eNOS protein levels, short-term stimulation with VEGF promotes NO release through mechanisms involving tyrosine and PI-3K kinases, suggesting that NO mediates aspects of VEGF signaling required for EC proliferation and organization in vitro.
Homeopathic arnica * Author's reply
Authors: P. Fisher, R. Mathie, R. van Haselen, E Ernst
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Acute scrotum after myocardial infarctionMr Hamid and his colleagues (February 2003 JRSM 1 ) report a case of intratesticular haemorrhage after use of abciximab.Such incidents have been reported previously with other anticoagulants. 2Spontaneous haemorrhage should additionally be considered in the differential diagnosis of an acute scrotum even in the absence of underlying disease or concomitant anticoagulant administration. 3 Furthermore, haematoma formation may not be restricted to the testis, having been reported at other sites including the spermatic cord. 4 Of particular concern when making a presumptive diagnosis of haemorrhage is the association of bleeding with testicular neoplasms, the outcome of which can be critical if associated with a metastatic extension. 5 In view of the limitations of ultrasonography, follow-up imaging is desirable, to ensure the absence of an underlying neoplasm.
Androgen Receptor Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Is Directly Suppressed by the Androgen Receptor Through Recruitment of Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1
Authors: Changmeng Cai, Housheng Hansen He, Sen Chen, Ilsa Coleman, Hongyun Wang, Zi Fang, Shaoyong Chen, Peter S. Nelson, X. Shirley Liu, Myles Brown, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
The Management of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: W. Sircus
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Hydroxydione is a steroid anaesthetic which, when injected intravenously, enables interviews to be conducted in a setting free from tension and anxiety and confers on the patient a feeling of well-being.Biochemical investigations and electroencephalo- graphic patterns are discussed.In a controlled investigation on 20 patients the action of the drug was compared with that of amylobarbitone sodium.The indications for the administration of this drug in psychiatric patients are discussed.I thank Dr. Linford Rees for his help in the design of this experiment and for his constant encouragement.Dr.
Electrical Aversion Therapy
Authors: J. C. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1964)

per vehicle mile travelled is appreciably higher on the motorway than on other types of road . .." seems to fulfil the prophecy of Fitzwater Wray, in " The Kuklos Papers " (1927), when the agitation for cyclists' rear lights was in full spate and cyclists were called the " greatest menace on the roads," to the effect that the removal from the roads of all users but motorists would simply mean that the latter would run into each other at higher speeds.-Iam, etc.,
Isosorbide monitrate with nadolol campared to nadolol alone for prevention of recurrent bleeding in cirrhosis. A double blind placebo controlled randomized trial. Final report
Authors: Rosalia Patti, L. Pasta, G. D'Amico, F. Politi, G. Vizzini, M. Traina, S. Madonia, L. Pagliaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Southwest Oncology Group Phase II Trial (S0341) of Erlotinib (OSI-774) in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2
Authors: Paul J. Hesketh, Kari Chansky, Antoinette J. Wozniak, Fred R. Hirsch, Anna Spreafico, James Moon, Philip C. Mack, Benjamin T. Marchello, Wilbur A. Franklin, John J. Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Transabdominal ultrasound screening for early ovarian cancer.
Authors: S. Campbell, V. Bhan, P. Royston, M. I. Whitehead, W. P. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the value of ultrasonography in a screening procedure for early ovarian cancer.Prospective study of at least 5000 self referred women without symptoms of ovarian cancer. Each woman was scheduled to undergo three annual screenings (consisting of one or more scans) to detect grossly abnormal ovaries or non-regressing masses.The ovarian screening clinic at King's College Hospital, London.5479 Self referred women without symptoms (aged 18-78, mean age 52).Women with a positive result on screening were referred for laparoscopy or laparotomy, or both.Findings at surgery and from histology of abnormal ovaries.A total of 14,594 screenings (15,977 scans) were performed. A positive result was obtained at 338 screens (2.3%) comprising 326 subjects (5.9%). Five patients with primary ovarian cancer (four stage Ia, one stage Ib; two at first screening three at second) were identified (prevalence 0.09%). An additional four patients had metastatic ovarian cancer (three at first screening, one at second). The apparent detection rate was 100%. It was not possible to differentiate between the ultrasonic appearance of early malignant and benign tumours. The rate of false positive results for primary ovarian cancer was 3.5% at the first screening, 1.8% at the second, and 1.2% at the third. Overall the rate of false positive results was 2.3%; the specificity was 97.7% and the predictive value of a positive result on screening was 1.5%. The odds that a positive result on screening indicated the presence of an ovarian tumour, any ovarian cancer, or primary ovarian cancer were about one to two, one to 37, and one to 67 respectively.Ultrasonography can be used to screen women without symptoms for persistent ovarian masses that will include early ovarian cancer.
THE EXTENSION CORSET AND ITS INDICATIONS.
Authors: ALEX. C. WIENER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Lewis A. Sayre revolutionized the treatment of tubercular processes of the spinal column by the propaganada of absolute immobilization and freedom from pressure of the diseased portion. That the results obtained by his method were unprecedented is amply evidenced by the fact that his principles have made a triumphal tour around the civilized world and that the use of the plaster of paris corset has come to be considered indispensable in the treatment of Pott's disease. The symptoms of tubercular infection of the spinal column, first described by Perceval Pott in 1783, have been dilated upon by Sayre in so clear and scholarly a manner that every physician ought to memorize his words, so as to always have them at command; for how many beginners in practice fail to diagnose properly the early stages of Pott's disease and owing to their lack of skill expose themselves to the serious charge
QUANTITATIVE, AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION BY GATED SPECT: DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION
Authors: G Germano, H Kiat, M Moriel, P Kavanagh, T Chua, J Friedman, D Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Germano, G; Kiat, H; Moriel, M; Kavanagh, P; Chua, T; Friedman, J; Berman, D Author Information
CASE OF SUCCESSFUL OVARIOTOMY: COMPLICATED WITH PREGNANCY: FOLLOWED BY ABSCESSES
Authors: J. G. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1855)

A3OCIAIOW MEICAL IfOURNAL 9 Mood mets witL The 1e fac-the pTesence of eandar deposit in the lungs-was observed in most othw ~amples of similar disas-reoorded by Miller, Mr. Stan- ley, Mr. Paget, and others.To one of those cae-4he earliest placed on record that I am acquinted with-I shall mte brief reference, on account of some peculiar circumstances in its history.The case occurred in the Gloucester Infirmary, in 1779, under the care of Mr. Cheston, who published an account of it.The patient-a man, aged 22 years-was supposed at first to suffer from rheumatism.He had pains about his back and abdomen.His sufferings, which appear to have been very great, were aggravated by retention of urine; and it was found to be impossible to pass a catheter.
The Stress-Response Sensor Chop Regulates the Function and Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Tumors
Authors: Paul T. Thevenot, Rosa A. Sierra, Patrick L. Raber, Amir A. Al-Khami, Jimena Trillo-Tinoco, Parisa Zarreii, Augusto C. Ochoa, Yan Cui, Luis Del Valle, Paulo C. Rodriguez
Journal: Immunity (2014)

Adaptation of malignant cells to the hostile milieu present in tumors is an important determinant of their survival and growth. However, the interaction between tumor-linked stress and antitumor immunity remains poorly characterized. Here, we show the critical role of the cellular stress sensor C/EBP-homologous protein (Chop) in the accumulation and immune inhibitory activity of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs lacking Chop had decreased immune-regulatory functions and showed the ability to prime T cell function and induce antitumor responses. Chop expression in MDSCs was induced by tumor-linked reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and regulated by the activating-transcription factor-4. Chop-deficient MDSCs displayed reduced signaling through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, leading to a decreased production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and low expression of phospho-STAT3. IL-6 overexpression restored immune-suppressive activity of Chop-deficient MDSCs. These findings suggest the role of Chop in tumor-induced tolerance and the therapeutic potential of targeting Chop in MDSCs for cancer immunotherapy.
Place of Culdocentesis in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: C. Lucas
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In developing countries the high incidence of anaemia and pelvic infection often makes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy difficult. Culdocentesis has been used in 100 doubtful cases out of 144 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 93 out of the 100 cases. There were three false-negative and four false-positive results; only two unnecessary laparotomies were performed. It is suggested that culdocentesis has an essential place in the early diagnosis of doubtful or atypical ectopic pregnancy. It was simple, safe, and reliable. Owing to earlier diagnosis maternal mortality and morbidity and the duration of stay in hospital have all been reduced.
Abstract P2-02-01: Did established clinical practice regarding MRI bias the COMICE trial?
Authors: MA McMahon, N Sharma, A Shaaban, BJG Dall
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: The negative COMICE study and reports of inappropriate mastectomies worldwide have served to discredit the use of preoperative MRI for the purpose of aiding conservative breast surgery. We postulate that established clinical practice regarding MRI at the time of the COMICE trial lead to bias in case selection, with more complicated cases being preselected out prior to randomisation. We reviewed the local practice at the time of COMICE. Methods and materials: Retrospective analysis of all cases of Breast MRI performed to assess disease extent pre-operatively during recruitment to COMICE (December 2001 - January 2007) was undertaken. Size on mammogram/ultrasound, MRI and histology was documented. As pre-PAC's era, the information was obtained from imaging and pathology reports. Where reports did not include distance between lesions in multifocal/multicentric disease, the sum of the lesions was used (taken as immediately adjacent) so as not to overestimate the size. All cases were reviewed blinded to COMICE status. Cases with mammogram/ultrasound size &amp;gt;/ = 40mm were excluded as these were deemed unsuitable for conservative surgery. Results: A total of 318 breast MRI examinations were performed in this interval to assess disease extent pre-operatively of which, 81 were excluded appropriately, for inadequate information (n = 47), size on conventional imaging &amp;gt;/ = 40mm (n = 18), receiving neo-adjuvant treatment (n = 6), non cancer diagnosis (n = 7) and non invasive disease (n = 3). 242 cancers from 237 patients were included comprising 77COMICE and 160NON-COMICE patients. Statistical difference was noted in the types of surgery between the groups, p&amp;lt;0.001. Re-excision rates were similar: COMICE = 11.7% and NON-COMICE = 8%. Mastectomy rates were however different, 15.6% of the COMICE group and 42% of the NON-COMICE group. There was a significant difference in histological size between the 2 groups, mean size in NON-COMICE cases 32mm versus 26mm in the COMICE group (p = 0.009). There was a significant difference in the tumour types between the 2 groups (p&amp;lt;0.001). Notably 37% of cases in the NON-COMICE group were of lobular type compared to 13% of the COMICE group. Conclusion: Data from this well established MRI unit has demonstrated clinical bias in the COMICE trial with more complicated cases, which benefited from MRI, being pre-selected out prior to randomisation which understated the value of MRI. MRI in appropriately selected patients in conjunction with modern oncoplastic surgical techniques will increase the opportunities for conservative surgery rather than increase mastectomy rates. An aggressive biopsy policy for MRI detected lesions is required to avoid inappropriate mastectomies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-02-01.
Eye protection in the metal working industry
Authors: C. Harker, A. Matheson, J. Ross, A. Seaton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Furthermore, the advice to tailor treatment to the condition being treated is, in my view, best achieved by varying the duration of treatment.This is far more pragmatic as the policy of tailoring the degree of acid suppression to the condition being treated would require accurate endoscopic diagnosis in all cases.Though this is desirable, it would be quite impracticable even when open access endoscopy is readily available.
The Prevention of Acute Renal Failure: Experimental Studies on the Influence of the Diuretic State.
Authors: Paul E. Teschan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Prevention of Acute Renal Failure: Experimental Studies on the Influence of the Diuretic State.Paul E. TeschanPaul E. TeschanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1182_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe prevention of acute renal failure has been difficult to demonstrate because of its infrequent and sporadic occurrences. Utilizing a thoroughly-characterized model of spontaneously-reversible, azotemic acute renal failure in the rat, and concurrent controls, various materials were administered intravenously at varying times and dosage. The osmotic diuretic, mannitol, was found to prevent the lesion if administered between 1 hour before and 30 minutes after attempted induction of acute renal failure in the model, and in amounts greater than 300 mg/kg body weight. Acute renal failure was also prevented by equivalent doses of mannose, sucrose, hypertonic saline, sodium sulfate, urea, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul E. TeschanAffiliations: MC Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1182-1182KeywordsAcute renal failureBody weightDiureticsLesionsMannitolSodiumSucroseSulfatesUrea ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Robert Peter Gale
Journal: JAMA (1980)

TOXICITY to the hemopoietic cells of the bone marrow is a common doselimiting factor in cancer therapy. It has long been known that animals could be rescued from lethal doses of drugs or radiation by the infusion of their own or genetically identical bone marrow. Recently, there has been renewed interest in bone marrow transplantation in leukemia, aplastic anemia, and immunodeficiency diseases, and an increasing number of transplants are now being performed in lymphomas and solid tumors. I shall review recent progress in marrow transplantation in cancer. There are two potential sources of bone marrow for transplantation of patients with cancer: the patient's own marrow or marrow from a histocompatible donor, usually an HLA-identical sibling. The former procedure is referred to as autologous and the latter as allogeneic transplantation. An autologous or autotransplant may use marrow obtained either just before the transplant or cryopreserved marrow obtained months to years earlier.
An Alternative Method of Exchanging an Occluded Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Prosthesis (Yamakawa Type)
Authors: S. Goebel, M. Parusel, B. Krakamp
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiographic drainage (PTCD) catheters are the preferred method of decompressing obstructed bile ducts if endoscopic transpapillary stent placement is not possible. However, like transpapillary stents, transhepatic drainage catheters occlude frequently and have to be exchanged at regular intervals. Exchanging PTCDs poses a technical challenge to the gastroenterologist or radiologist.
Abstract P6-11-07: The Cancer Stem Cell-Targeting Wnt Inhibitor VS-507 Reduces Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: JE Ring, VN Kolev, MV Padval, M Keegan, CM Vidal, AA Neill, IM Shapiro, JA Pachter, Q Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) support tumor viability and growth through their ability to self-renew and differentiate into heterogeneous tumor tissue. CSCs are typically resistant to standard cytotoxic agents, leading to their enrichment and the consequent regrowth of refractory tumors. While this population has been challenging to directly target therapeutically, we are actively developing novel agents, such as VS-507, that selectively target the cancer stem cell subpopulation in vivo. Previously, we and others have shown that VS-507, a cancer stem-cell specific agent, inhibits Wnt signaling with corresponding reduction of the LRP6 protein, a Frizzled co-receptor upregulated in breast cancer cell lines. In the current study, we have continued to examine the effect of VS-507 on the Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling pathway to further elucidate its mechanism of action. We determined that VS-507 also decreases expression of the second Frizzled co-receptor LRP5 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stimulated by Wnt3A. The combined inhibition of the co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 may contribute to the observed inhibition of Beta-catenin-mediated transcription by VS-507 in a TOP-Flash assay. Accordingly, VS-507 reduced expression of Axin2, a transcriptional target of Beta-catenin. Because human breast cancer cell lines represent a mixed population of CSC and non-CSC cells, we evaluated VS-507 across a panel of cell lines by monitoring changes in viability and in the percentage of cancer stem cells. In SUM159 triple negative breast cancer cells, VS-507 had micromolar potency against the bulk population with preferential nanomolar potency against the ALDEFLUOR+ CSC population with similar effects observed in the Hoechst side population (SP) CSC assay. In contrast, cytotoxic anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel and cisplatin increased the percentage of ALDEFLUOR+ cancer stem cells under similar conditions. In vivo, oral administration of VS-507 (15 mg/kg, QD daily) as a single agent partially inhibited MDA-MB-231 tumor growth, consistent with its observed inhibition of the cancer stem cell subpopulation. Furthermore, VS-507 inhibited lung metastasis in a 4T1.2 murine breast cancer model. In summary, these results further elucidate the mechanism by which VS-507 inhibits Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling. VS-507 reduces tumor cell proliferation in vitro with preferential effects on cancer stem cells which translate to inhibition of tumor growth, enhancement of efficacy of cytotoxic agents such as docetaxel, and inhibition of metastasis in mouse models. These data provide additional support for the development of VS-507 as a novel anti-cancer stem cell agent. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-07.
CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN VITRO
Authors: William H. Marshall, Fred T. Valentine, H. S. Lawrence
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

When sensitive lymphocytes are cultured with the appropriate antigen, lymphoblasts appear after 24-48 hr of incubation and the number of these increases steadily from the 2nd to the 6th or 7th day. Our problem was to discover, at a cellular level, how this increase takes place; whether it is a massive response of many cells, stepwise recruitment of cells into the lymphoblast class, or simply repeated division of a few cells to form clones. In these experiments lymphocytes were incubated with antigen in culture tubes for 2-4 days and then a few cells, usually less than 200, were transferred to special microchambers for further culture. In these microchambers the cells could be viewed continually with a microscope and their fate recorded over the next 3-5 days by time-lapse cinemicrography. Examination of the film produced in this way showed that lymphoblasts divided and redivided to produce clones of 64 cells or more. It was possible to measure generation times from the film for 301 cells; the majority were between 8 and 13 hr but the range was 7.5-38.0 hr. There was no clear difference between generation times of human lymphocytes stimulated with tuberculin, streptokinase-streptodrnase, extract of the American pokeweed, or in the mixed leukocyte reaction. Similar times were also found for rat cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction. While these observations show that clonal proliferation does occur and could reasonably account for all the increase of lymphoblasts in lymphocyte cultures, the experiments, because of their design, do not exclude the possibility that other mechanisms such as recruitment may play a role as well, particularly during the first 48 hr after contact between sensitive cells and antigens.