tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF INCREASING SENSITIVITY OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Authors: Herbert Berger
Journal: JAMA (1952)

It is axiomatic that early discovery of disease is desirable. Diabetic-detection drives have been launched in an effort to discover early cases of this disease so that treatment can be instituted before dangerous complications occur. Since there is a definite familial tendency in this disease, it has been our custom to examine all siblings of diabetics under treatment at the clinic. Occasionally, we have discovered an unsuspected case, but, even more frequently, we have found such relatives normal by present testing methods, only to discover some years later that they were diabetics. On several occasions such discovery took place only when a serious complication of the disease appeared. Consequently, we have performed glucose tolerance tests on all close relatives over the age of 50 of diabetics in a further effort to discover early diabetes. While these efforts were slightly more salutary, there were still many patients with normal tests who
Crisis in rheumatology manpower
Authors: A. N Bamji
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Crisis in rheumatology manpower SIR,-As the five doctors undertaking higher medical training in rheumatology in the West Midlands (three National Health Service senior registrars and two university lecturers) we too are concerned at the current manpower crisis in rheumatology (19 February, p 586).This is not a national so much as a local problem, however, with a surfeit of senior registrars in certain regions.The disparity in the posts is illustrated in the table.
A woman with ataxia
Authors: P. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 41 year old woman was admitted to hospital with a one week history of transient episodes of blurred vision and progressive dysarthria, incoordination and ataxia, such that she could no longer stand. Three months earlier she had experienced the gradual onset of a mild occipital headache and episodes of transient blurred vision. Her speech had felt slower and slurred and her left hand was clumsy. These symptoms had been preceded by a severe outbreak of cold sores, which had been treated with oral acyclovir. On this occasion, her neurological symptoms gradually resolved over a month. She had no family history or other history of note, and she was not taking any drugs except the oral contraceptive pill. On examination there were cold sores around her mouth and she had bilateral cerebellar signs, more prominent on the left. She had negative viral serology and a normal magnetic resonance imaging of her head and venous sinuses, and electroencephalogram. Lumbar puncture showed an acellular cerebrospinal fluid with mildly raised protein (0.52 g/l) and unmatched oligoclonal banding. Results of viral polymerase chain reaction testing were negative. Antineuronal antibodies were sent and returned a positive anti-Yo antibody. (1) What is the significance of this result? (2) What is your management plan? (3) What is the likely prognosis? ### Short answers
Do House Officers Learn From Their Mistakes?
Authors: Kevin M. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The descriptions house officers give of their own mistakes, recorded by Wu et al,<sup>1</sup>vividly remind us of our own residencies. Now, in private practice and as occasional attending physicians for our hospital's teaching service, we still make mistakes. As the article reminds us, that is the process of learning. We have tried to be honest with house staff when we ourselves make mistakes. We have also expressed to them how we feel when we make a mistake and how we deal with those feelings.<sup>2</sup>This leveling experience rarely occurs during training, but when it does, it can have an enormous impact on both parties. To demonstrate acceptance of, and honesty about, our own mistakes is probably the most powerful way to teach and learn. It may improve the way she or he may teach others in the future. Another way to provide emotional support
Inflammatory response phases and their hypothetical trophic meaning
Authors: M-A. Aller, J-L. Arias, J. Arias
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To the Editor:

A recent review by Wood et al . 1 emphasises the role of oxidative stress, specifically lipid peroxidation, in the pathophysiology of asthma.

We have also found that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of post­traumatic inflammation 2–4. In order to integrate the different alterations that are produced after injury by mechanical energy, we consider that a response based on the successive functional predominance of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems would be produced. This hypothesis implies that the final and prevalent functions of these systems may represent the consecutive phases of the response to stress and all of them could have a trophic meaning.

Considering that these functions are …
The Birc1e cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor contributes to the detection and control of Legionella pneumophila infection
Authors: Dario S Zamboni, Koichi S Kobayashi, Tiana Kohlsdorf, Yasunori Ogura, E Michelle Long, Russell E Vance, Keisuke Kuida, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Vishva M Dixit, Richard A Flavell, William F Dietrich, Craig R Roy
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
Status of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Richard C. Boucher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Gene therapy for the treatment of cystic fibrosis should be a “natural”: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive disease associated with loss of function mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which has a well-characterized gene product; heterozygotes, as predicted, appear to be phenotypically perfectly normal; the level of expression of CFTR in affected cells generally appears to be low; and the dysfunctional epithelial lining cells in the organ most affected by CF (the lung) are available for direct vector delivery via topical administration (1). However, despite an impressive amount of research in this area, there is little evidence to suggest that an effective gene-transfer approach for the treatment of CF lung disease is imminent. The inability to produce such a therapy reflects in part the learning curve with respect to vector technology and the failure to appreciate the capacity of the airway epithelial cells to defend themselves against the penetration by moieties, including gene-therapy vectors, from the outside world. This Perspective will focus on the issues that impact on moving this field forward. What is the target for CF gene therapy in the lung? Cystic fibrosis affects the conducting airways of the lung and not the alveolar surfaces. The airways in general consist of a “large” airway (bronchial) region that is lined by a pseudostratified columnar superficial epithelium and contains numerous submucosal glands, and a “small” airway (bronchiolar) region that is lined by a simple columnar epithelium and is devoid of glands. Central issues for CF gene therapy are which region (large vs. small) and which tissue (superficial epithelium vs. glands) should be targeted. Obviously, the answer to this question requires knowledge of the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. As reviewed earlier in this Perspective series (2, 3), this is a controversial issue. Although the so-called “isotonic” and “hypotonic” airway surface liquid theories have different predictions on the pathogenesis of CF airways infection, both agree that defects in the superficial epithelium may initiate CF lung disease. However, studies from other model cell culture systems, like Calu-3 cells and cultured gland acini (4), predict that there may be abnormalities in gland volume/compositional (HCO3 ‐ ) regulation in CF that may be more important in the pathogenesis of CF airways infection. This debate can also be viewed in the context of the individual cell types in the airways. Advocates of the importance of the superficial epithelium in CF pathogenesis likely would
Traffic, Susceptibility, and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Rob McConnell, Kiros Berhane, Ling Yao, Michael Jerrett, Fred Lurmann, Frank Gilliland, Nino Künzli, Jim Gauderman, Ed Avol, Duncan Thomas, John Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Results from studies of traffic and childhood asthma have been inconsistent, but there has been little systematic evaluation of susceptible subgroups. In this study, we examined the relationship of local traffic-related exposure and asthma and wheeze in southern California school children (5-7 years of age). Lifetime history of doctor-diagnosed asthma and prevalent asthma and wheeze were evaluated by questionnaire. Parental history of asthma and child's history of allergic symptoms, sex, and early-life exposure (residence at the same home since 2 years of age) were examined as susceptibility factors. Residential exposure was assessed by proximity to a major road and by modeling exposure to local traffic-related pollutants. Residence within 75 m of a major road was associated with an increased risk of lifetime asthma [odds ratio (OR)=1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.86], prevalent asthma (OR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.16-1.95), and wheeze (OR=1.40; 95% CI, 1.09-1.78). Susceptibility increased in long-term residents with no parental history of asthma for lifetime asthma (OR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.11-3.09), prevalent asthma (OR=2.46; 95% CI, 0.48-4.09), and recent wheeze (OR=2.74; 95% CI, 1.71-4.39). The higher risk of asthma near a major road decreased to background rates at 150-200 m from the road. In children with a parental history of asthma and in children moving to the residence after 2 years of age, there was no increased risk associated with exposure. Effect of residential proximity to roadways was also larger in girls. A similar pattern of effects was observed with traffic-modeled exposure. These results indicate that residence near a major road is associated with asthma. The reason for larger effects in those with no parental history of asthma merits further investigation.
Long-term Persistence of CD4+ but Rapid Disappearance of CD8+ T Cells Expressing an MHC Class I-restricted TCR of Nanomolar Affinity
Authors: Boris Engels, Adam S Chervin, Andrea J Sant, David M Kranz, Hans Schreiber
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Most T cells have T cell receptors (TCR) of micromolar affinity for peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands, but genetic engineering can generate TCRs of nanomolar affinity. The affinity of the TCR used, m33, for its cognate non-self peptide-MHC-I complex (SIYRYYGL-K(b)) is 1,000-fold higher than of the wild-type TCR 2C. The affinity of m33 for the self-peptide dEV-8 on K(b) is only twofold higher. Mouse CD8(+) T cells transduced with an m33-encoding retrovirus showed binding of SIY-K(b) and potent function in vitro, but in vivo these T cells disappeared within hours after transfer into syngeneic hosts without causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Accordingly, in cases where such CD8-dependent self-reactivity might occur in human adoptive T cell therapies, our results show that a peripheral T-cell deletion mechanism could operate to avoid reactions with the host. In contrast to CD8(+) T cells, we show that CD4(+) T cells expressing m33 survived for months in vivo. Furthermore, the m33-transduced CD4(+) T cells were able to mediate antigen-specific rejection of 6-day-old tumors. Together, we show that CD8(+) T cell expressing a MHC class I-restricted high-affinity TCR were rapidly deleted whereas CD4(+) T cells expressing the same TCR survived and provided function while being directed against a class I-restricted antigen.
Vitamin D and TB Recovery
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EFFECT OF RESOCIALIZATION TECHNIQUES ON CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: GARFIELD TOURNEY, RITA SENF, H. WARREN DUNHAM, ROBERT S. GLEN, JACQUES S. GOTTLIEB
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

A description has been given of a rehabilitation research project for chronic disturbed schizophrenic patients who had been hospitalized on the average for about 7 years. In the experimental group a modification was seen in many of the accessory symptoms of schizophrenia, such as disturbed behavior, delusions, hallucinations, muteness, and withdrawal; these changes allowed a tenuous type of socialization. The fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia, the disturbances in associations and affectivity, remained. The control group demonstrated essentially no change. Follow-up evaluations of the hospitalization status of both groups 8 and 20 months after termination of the study showed almost no further changes. In the process of resocialization of the chronic schizophrenic patient, a primitive type of sexual object relation occurs, manifested in both homosexual and heterosexual behavior. It is suggested that patients who can engage more in heterosexual contacts, when these are available, are more likely to show a generally improved social adjustment. The changes observed were considered to be of limited therapeutic significance in view of the numbers of personnel involved, special facilities, and resultant costs for such a program. Further limitations influencing the practical aspects are the difficulties experienced by personnel interacting in a close relationship with chronic schizophrenic patients. These include adverse personal reactions, status problems, and difficulties in maintaining a consistent interest in the project. It may be concluded that in the schizophrenic illness, the accessory symptomatology is related in part to psychocultural factors and can therefore be modified by socialization techniques, as described in this study.
CARDIAC PAIN IN RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: HOMER F. SWIFT
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Many clinical observers of patients with rheumatic fever have noted that "heart pain" is a fairly common symptom, and most physicians appreciate the great frequency with which the heart is involved in this disease; but few, if any, statistical studies have been made with the object of correlating these two phenomena. It is our purpose in this communication to present the results of a study extending over several years to determine whether any such correlation exists. The data have been collected as follows: Each day there has been noted on the temperature chart the existence of precordial pain and hyperesthesia during the entire period of each patient's hospitalization. Special features of these signs were recorded in the bedside notes along with other observations concerning the state of the heart. Frequent electrocardiograms have furthermore permitted us to detect abnormalities of heart action that might otherwise have been missed. The constant correlating
P21. NK-cell dysfunction in human renal carcinoma reveals diacylglycerol kinase as key regulator and target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: P Prinz, E Noessner
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts NK cells are appreciated as antitumour effector cells in mouse models and human hematologic malignancies but their relevance in immunosurveillance of human solid tumours remains conflicting due to problems with in situ detection and reports of functional inactivity in the tumour
Brain metabolism in uremic and adenosine-infused rats
Authors: Stanley Van Den Noort, Robert E. Eckel, Katherine Brine, Jeffry T. Hrdlicka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Analyses of nucleotides and glycolytic intermediates were performed on perchlorate extracts of blood and quick-frozen brain from rats nephrectomized 48 hr previously, and from rats infused for 6 hr with adenosine or AMP. Blood nucleotides of acutely uremic rats were normal. Uremic brain showed an increase of creatine phosphate (CP), ATP, and glucose with a corresponding decrease in creatine, ADP, AMP, and lactate. Other nucleotide triphosphates were increased, but total adenine nucleotide in brain was unchanged. Uremic brain failed to use ATP or produce ADP, AMP, and lactate at normal rates when subjected to the stress of ischemic anoxia. Although levels of cation responsive ATPase in extracts of uremic brain were normal, the inhibition of glycolysis in the intact brain appeared to be due to a failure of ATP hydrolysis (a diminished ATPase activity). Adenosine infusion produced mild azotemia, marked hyperglycemia, an increase in blood ATP, and an increase in total blood adenine nucleotide. Brain from rats infused with adenosine or AMP also had high levels of ATP, creatine phosphate, and glucose, whereas levels of ADP, AMP, and lactate were low. However these brains responded with normal use of ATP and normal production of lactate when stimulated by ischemic anoxia.
Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin: systematic review
Authors: Fiona Bath-Hextall, Jan Bong, William Perkins, Hywel Williams
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess the effects of treatments for basal cell carcinoma. <b>Methods</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Recurrence of basal cell carcinoma at three years or beyond, assessed clinically. <b>Studies reviewed</b> Randomised controlled trials of interventions for histologically confirmed basal cell carcinoma (published and unpublished material; no language restrictions). <b>Results</b> 25 studies were identified, covering seven therapeutic categories. Only one study of surgical excision versus radiotherapy contained primary outcome data, which showed significantly more persistent tumours and recurrences in the radiotherapy group compared with surgery (odds ratio 0.09, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.67). One study compared cryotherapy with surgery, with inconclusive results at one year. In a comparison of radiotherapy with cryotherapy, significantly more recurrences occurred at one year in the cryotherapy group. Preliminary studies suggest a short term success rate of 87-88% for imiquimod cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma, although this cream has not been compared with surgery. No consistent evidence was found for the other treatment modalities. <b>Conclusions</b> Little good quality research has been done on the treatments used for the most common cancer in humans. Most trials have included only people with basal cell carcinoma occurring at low risk sites. Only one trial measured recurrence at four years; recurrence rates at one year should be interpreted with caution. Surgery and radiotherapy seem to be the most effective treatments; surgery showed the lowest failure rates. Other treatments might have some use but need to be compared with surgery.
Dying woman seeks backing for dose of morphine to hasten death
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A terminally ill woman launched an action in the High Court in London this week for the right to be sedated into unconsciousness by morphine, even though it will hasten her death.

Kelly Taylor, 30, from Bristol, has Eisenmenger's syndrome, an irreparable heart defect that causes chest pain and other symptoms, and Klippel-Feil syndrome, a congenital defect marked by fusion of the vertebrae in the neck. Her doctors have not been able to find a combination of drugs to relieve her pain, and she has been told that she has less than a year to live.

Her cardiologist and palliative care consultant are refusing to carry out her wishes, saying that to increase her dosage of morphine to such a high level would …
Women and Children First
Authors: George J. Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In the lore of the sea there are few events that have so exemplified heroism and self-sacrifice as the acts of the soldiers and sailors of the British ship Birkenhead when it sank in 1852. The soldiers of the 74th Highland Regiment stood at attention on deck (with the band playing) “while the women and children were saved and the captain very properly went down with his ship.”1 More than 450 lives were lost, and the phrase “women and children first” was introduced into the language as part of the “Birkenhead drill.” As Kipling put it in his poem . . .
The influence of T cell cross-reactivity on HCV-peptide specific human T cell response
Authors: Patrick T.F. Kennedy, Simonetta Urbani, Rebecca A. Moses, Barbara Amadei, Paola Fisicaro, Jilly Lloyd, Mala K. Maini, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Carlo Ferrari, Antonio Bertoletti
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell response after exposure to hepatitis C in anti-HCV-positive or anti-HCV-negative patients has been associated with an ability to successfully control the infection. However, cross-reactivity between common human pathogens and HCV sequences has been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of T cell cross-reactivity on HCV-specific T cell responses and their detection in HCV infected and non-infected subjects. The magnitude, function, and cross-reactivity of HCV peptide reactive T cells were studied in non-HCV-infected newborns and adults using a broad array of HCV peptides (601 peptides) spanning the entire HCV sequence. Comparisons were made with responses present in recovered and in chronically HCV-infected patients. HCV peptide reactive T cells are detectable in adults irrespective of previous HCV exposure and cross-reactivity between HCV peptides, and sequences of common pathogens, such as human herpes virus 1, can be demonstrated. Furthermore, the comprehensive magnitude of HCV-peptide reactive T cells present in chronically HCV-infected patients is similar and in some cases even lower than that of HCV-peptide reactive T cell response found in HCV-negative adults. In conclusion, the presence of oligo-specific HCV-peptide reactive T cells in humans does not always reflect a demonstration of previous HCV contact, whereas cross-reactivity with other common pathogens can potentially influence the HCV-specific T cell profile. The conspicuous deficit of HCV-peptide-specific T cells found in chronically HCV-infected patients confirms the profound collapse of virus-specific T cell response caused by HCV persistence.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and deep vein thrombosis in orthotopic heart transplantation: A case report
Authors: Alex Costea, Geetha Bhat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Homocysteine has been recognized as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and arterial and venous thrombosis. Heart transplant patients have an increased prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. High homocysteine levels in transplant patients may promote development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, but there is minimal information regarding the risk of venous thrombosis. The current case report illustrates the association of increased levels of homocysteine and hypercoagulable syndrome in a 36‐year‐old heart transplant patient with no previous history of clotting disorder. Both elevated homocysteine levels and extensive venous thrombosis responded promptly to treatment with a folate/B 12 /B 6 vitamin combination and enoxaparin. Am. J. Hematol. 77:161–163, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.