tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Putting the risk of breast cancer in perspective
Authors: J. P Bunker, J. Houghton, M. Baum
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Patients are frequently given the opportunity to participate in making decisions about their care. To assist them in making their decisions data that are as accurate and as complete as appropriate will need to be quickly available. These data will be needed not only by patients but also by their doctors. A life table constructed from regularly published statistics on national morbidity and mortality can be used to display the likelihood of developing or dying of a disease (a cumulative probability) at any given age. Such a life table may be a valuable tool in helping patients to make decisions about their care. In this paper we discuss the use of life tables to present to patients the absolute and relative risks of breast cancer and their use in comparing the risks from breast cancer with those from other life threatening conditions.

### Summary points

A life table constructed from national statistics on morbidity and mortality can be a valuable resource in helping patients to make decisions about their care

Coordinating absolute and relative risks in a life table offers patients and doctors the opportunity to make more informed judgments

Life table analysis allows patients and doctors to estimate the cumulative probability of dying of breast cancer before a patient reaches a given age

The risk of developing or dying of breast cancer should be seen in the context of other life threatening conditions

For women who smoke the cumulative probability of dying of lung cancer matches that of dying of breast cancer when women reach their early 50s; this probability doubles by age 65 and triples by age 75

Recently, notices in London's underground warned that women have a 1 in 12 risk of developing breast cancer. Women in America have been warned that their risk is 1 in 8; consequently, “fear …
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome admitted to hospital twice as often, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have more than twice the number of hospital admissions unrelated to obstetric problems or injury compared with women without the condition, a retrospective study of women in Western Australia has shown.1

Researchers analysed health records for 2566 women aged 15 and over who had been diagnosed with PCOS and 25 660 randomly selected age matched women without PCOS. They looked at …
Paracelsus: An Introduction to Philosophical Medicine in the Era of the Renaissance
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Few volumes in the historical aspects of medicine achieve second editions. However, this enlarged republication combines the superb scholarship of the first with an extensive appendix in which account is taken of new materials that have appeared in the last 25 years. Most physicians are aware of the smothering cloud of authoritarian theories that confronted William Harvey as he struggled to enlighten a skeptical world concerning the blood's circulation. This impediment was nothing compared with the unproved theories stemming from Aristotle and Galen, which held sway throughout the century preceding Harvey. Paracelsus was the flagship of an unorganized but vigorous flotilla of fresh minds that set out to attack the dogma of the past as it applied to man, his ailments, his place in the universe, and his permitted beliefs. Dr Pagel has done so many potential readers an outstanding service in his delightful study that it is impossible in
Uptake and metabolism of iodine is crucial for the development of thyroiditis in obese strain chickens.
Authors: T R Brown, R S Sundick, A Dhar, D Sheth, N Bagchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To assess the importance of the role of thyroidal iodine in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis in the obese strain (OS) chicken, a model of spontaneous and severe disease, we studied the effect of antithyroid drugs that reduce thyroidal iodine or prevent its metabolism. Reduction of thyroidal iodine was achieved with KClO4, an inhibitor of iodine transport and mononitrotyrosine (MNT), a drug that promotes loss of thyroidal iodine as iodotyrosines. A regimen consisting of KClO4 and MNT administration beginning in ovo and continuing after hatching reduced thyroidal infiltration to 2% of control values and decreased thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) production for as long as 9 wk. Untreated birds had severe disease by 5 wk of age. The suppression of disease was independent of TSH, not mediated by generalized immunosuppression and reversed by excess dietary iodine. Two drugs that inhibit the metabolism of iodine, propylthiouracil (PTU) and aminotriazole, reduced thyroidal infiltration and TgAb levels, although to a lesser extent. When splenocytes from OS chickens with thyroiditis were transferred to Cornell strain (CS) chickens, a related strain that develops late onset mild disease, only the recipients that were iodine supplemented developed thyroiditis. In conclusion, autoimmune thyroiditis in an animal model can be prevented by reducing thyroidal iodine or its metabolism and optimal effects require intervention at the embryonic stage.
THE GREAT FALLOUT CONTROVERSY
Authors: Marshall Brucer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Fifteen years ago we dropped an atom bomb over Hiroshima. It was wartime, and bombs were fair play. Our intention was to kill people, and to the extent that we damaged life and property, the bomb was successful. After the first shock of this big firecracker wore off, we started the ball rolling on the really big damage. We told a lie. It wasn't a big lie. It was a little bitty "maybe" lie. Large doses of radiation cause some mutations; "<i>maybe</i>we caused some mutations." Big amounts of radiation have caused cancer; "<i>maybe</i>we will see some cancer from this explosion." Some scientists received research grants to look for the fulfillment of these "maybe's." Since it worked once, it might work again; so we told bigger lies. "<i>Maybe</i>something will happen that we don't know about; we had better look for it." With the development of bigger and better
Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrow–derived circulating progenitor cells
Authors: Joseph T. Crossno, Susan M. Majka, Todd Grazia, Ronald G. Gill, Dwight J. Klemm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Obesity and weight gain are characterized by increased adipose tissue mass due to an increase in the size of individual adipocytes and the generation of new adipocytes. New adipocytes are believed to arise from resident adipose tissue preadipocytes and mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, it is possible that progenitor cells from other tissues, in particular BM, could also contribute to development of new adipocytes in adipose tissue. We tested this hypothesis by transplanting whole BM cells from GFP-expressing transgenic mice into wild-type C57BL/6 mice and subjecting them to a high-fat diet or treatment with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) rosiglitazone (ROSI) for several weeks. Histological examination of adipose tissue or FACS of adipocytes revealed the presence of GFP+ multilocular (ML) adipocytes, whose number was significantly increased by ROSI treatment or high-fat feeding. These ML adipocytes expressed adiponectin, perilipin, fatty acid–binding protein (FABP), leptin, C/EBPα, and PPARγ but not uncoupling protein–1 (UCP-1), the CD45 hematopoietic lineage marker, or the CDllb monocyte marker. They also exhibited increased mitochondrial content. Appearance of GFP+ ML adipocytes was contemporaneous with an increase in circulating levels of mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitor cells in ROSI-treated animals. We conclude that TZDs and high-fat feeding promote the trafficking of BM-derived circulating progenitor cells to adipose tissue and their differentiation into ML adipocytes.
Benefits of total hip replacement to older patients and the community.
Authors: G K Wilcock
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The benefits of total hip replacement in 49 people aged 55-84 with osteoarthrosis of the hip were evaluated. The main benefit was relief of symptoms, 40 patients being pain free after operation. Range of hip movement and mobility improved moderately in most patients. After operation most patients were better able to perform certain activities of daily life, though only six were completely independent, the rest requiring aids or help from others. Nevertheless, 18 of the patients' main helpers estimated that they had more time free of tasks previously performed for the patient. There was a small reduction in the need for community medical resources such as home visits from general practitioners or district nurses. Thirteen patients were still taking antiarthritic drugs. Older patients needed to spend longer in hospital after operation because of complications. It was concluded that total hip replacement contributed to improving the quality of life of patients and their helpers, while also helping to reduce the demand for community health and welfare services.
Prevention of Tuberculosis with Isoniazid
Authors: H. Thomas Foley, Robert F. Donohoe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Prevention of Tuberculosis with IsoniazidH. THOMAS FOLEY, M.D., J.D., ROBERT F. DONOHOE, M.D.H. THOMAS FOLEY, M.D., J.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT F. DONOHOE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-409_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent editorial Dr. Comstock (1) recommends seriously considering a 1-year course of "carefully monitored preventive treatment with isoniazid" for patients who have "fibrotic lesions of the lungs that are consistent with tuberculosis, and who have not completed a full course of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy." This recommendation is based on a recent clinical study that showed a 93% reduction in the development of active tuberculosis in the treated group over a 5-year period when compared with that in the placebo group(2). However, examination of the data upon which his recommendation is founded shows that this impressive 93%...References1. COMSTOCK W. New data on preventive treatment with isoniazid (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:663-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up in the IUAT trial. Bull WHO. 1982;60:555-64. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 409-410KeywordsChemotherapyIsoniazidLesionsLungsRespiratory system procedures Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Use of Wettable DDT in Pediculosis
Authors: George E. Morris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

MANY forms of therapy have been advocated for the control of the various types of infestation with pediculi. These have varied from the innocuous vinegar rinses to the more toxic derivatives of the benzene ring. Many of them are objectionable to the patient because of odor or difficulty of use. Not a few are severe skin sensitizers, and some are metabolic poisons.With the advent of DDT, a new potent pediculicide was available and was used extensively as a powder by the armed forces. For the past two years, I have been using a "wettable DDT" in my practice with . . .
Expression of MUM1/IRF4 mRNA as a prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: D Heintel, N Zojer, M Schreder, K Strasser-Weippl, B Kainz, M Vesely, H Gisslinger, J Drach, A Gaiger, U Jäger, H Ludwig
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
New Endoscopic Treatment for Intramucosal Gastric Tumors Using an Insulated-Tip Diathermic Knife
Authors: M. Ohkuwa, K. Hosokawa, N. Boku, A. Ohtu, H. Tajiri, S. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

For one-piece resection the conventional technique of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is limited to gastric mucosal tumors of 10 mm or less in size. In this retrospective study, we investigated the efficacy and complications associated with a new EMR method, using an insulated-tip diathermic knife (IT-EMR).In a total of 41 patients gastric mucosal tumors were resected using IT-EMR.One-piece resection rates were 82% (14/17) for lesions of 10 mm or less, 75% (12/16) for those between 11 and 20 mm, and 14% (1/7) for those of over 20 mm. Complication rates for severe bleeding and perforation were 22% and 5%, respectively. With a median follow-up period of 32 months, no recurrence was observed after these procedures.Compared with conventional EMR, this new method may have significant benefits, particularly regarding one-piece resection of lesions between 11 and 20 mm in size, and may also have a lower recurrence rate.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF NEPHRITIC ORIGIN.
Authors: GEORGE DOCK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Perhaps many of you will think of the celebrated chapter on "Snakes in Iceland" in connection with the title assigned to me. Most authors on the subject say little or nothing in line with the view suggested, some dismiss it by saying that arteriosclerosis is a common cause but rarely a result of nephritis, while others say that nephritis and arteriosclerosis are often combined and due to the same cause. A few admit that nephritis may cause arteriosclerosis by the prevention of elimination and the throwing into the circulation of substances that either injure the walls of the arteries directly or increase vascular tension, so causing hypertrophy of the heart, high pressure and later disease of the arteries. It is doubtless true that in many cases the arterial disease causes the renal disease. It is of great clinical importance that the kidney lesion may
Thyrotoxicosis and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The answer by Richard A. Carleton, MD, to the question regarding diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic approach toward paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the elderly patient (1980;244:835) does not take into consideration the possibility of thyrotoxicosis as a cause of the patient's complaint. The absence of a clinical picture suggesting hyperthyroidism should not preclude the investigation of this possible cause. Masked thyrotoxicosis manifested by few or only one symptom is particularly common in this age group. One of the most common presentations of the masked form of thyrotoxicosis mimics cardiovascular disease associated with atrial fibrillation. These patients are relatively insensitive to the digitalis glycosides, which is the problem in the discussed case. Several studies of older thyrotoxic patients<sup>1-3</sup>indicate that in these cases thyrotoxic symptoms are often less pronounced and at time are totally absent. Only a high level of clinical suspicion combined with adequate ancillary tests can
Elevated Placental Growth Factor Levels Are Associated With Adverse Outcomes at Four-Year Follow-Up in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Timo Lenderink, Christopher Heeschen, Stephan Fichtlscherer, Stefanie Dimmeler, Christian W. Hamm, Andreas M. Zeiher, Maarten L. Simoons, Eric Boersma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Mala s 12 is a major allergen in patients with atopic eczema and has sequence similarities to the GMC oxidoreductase family
Authors: A. Zargari, C. Selander, O. Rasool, M. Ghanem, G. Gadda, R. Crameri, A. Scheynius
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by impaired skin barrier and itch. The yeast Malassezia belongs to the normal human skin microflora and can induce IgE‐ and T‐cell‐mediated allergic reactions in AE patients. Previously, we have identified several IgE‐binding components in Malassezia sympodialis extract. Methods: Here, we report cloning, production and characterization of a M. sympodialis 67‐kDa allergen. Results: The sequence of the 67‐kDa protein, termed Mala s 12, showed sequence similarity to the glucose–methanol–choline (GMC) oxidoreductase enzyme superfamily and was expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli . The purified protein bound flavin adenine dinucleotide with 1:1 stoichiometry per monomer of protein. The protein‐bound flavin showed an extinction coefficient at 451 nm of 11.3 mM −1 cm −1 . The recombinant 67‐kDa protein did not show any enzymatic activity when tested as oxidase or dehydrogenase using choline, glucose, myo‐inositol, methanol, ethanol, 1‐pentanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethanol, cholesterol or lauryl alcohol as possible substrates. Recombinant Mala s 12 was recognized by serum IgE from 13 of 21 (62%) M. sympodialis ‐sensitized AE patients indicating that the 67‐kDa component is a major allergen. Conclusions: The data show that Mala s 12 has sequence similarity to the GMC oxidoreductase family and is a major allergen in AE patients.
Altered vitamin B12 metabolism in fibroblasts from a patient with megaloblastic anemia and homocystinuria due to a new defect in methionine biosynthesis.
Authors: D S Rosenblatt, B A Cooper, A Pottier, H Lue-Shing, N Matiaszuk, K Grauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Cultured fibroblasts from a recently described patient with homocystinuria and megaloblastic anemia of infancy without methylmalonic aciduria were previously shown to have normal cobalamin uptake and a specific decrease in the proportion of intracellular methylcobalamin. As in control cells but unlike in those from patients with combined homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin C and cobalamin D), accumulated 57Co-labeled cobalamin was bound in appropriate amounts and proportion to intracellular binders which are known to be the two vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, methionine synthetase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Despite the association of a normal quantity of intracellular cobalamin with methionine synthetase, the proportion of intracellular cobalamin which was methyl-B12 was below normal and in the range observed in cobalamin C and D cells. This methyl-B12 was decreased by exposure of fibroblasts in culture to nitrous oxide as was observed with control cells. Exposure of control fibroblasts during culture, but not of fibroblasts from this patient, to nitrous oxide significantly reduced the holoenzyme activity of methionine synthetase assayed in cell extracts. In addition, although methionine synthetase activity in cell extracts of control and cells from the patient were similar in the presence of standard assay concentrations of thiols, at low thiol concentrations, methionine synthetase activity in extracts of cells from the patient was much lower than in control extracts. Mixing of control patient extracts corrected this decreased activity in excess of that explained by addition of the individual activities added. The defect of this patient appears to be in a reducing system required for methionine synthesis.
The Cellular Lysine Methyltransferase Set7/9-KMT7 Binds HIV-1 TAR RNA, Monomethylates the Viral Transactivator Tat, and Enhances HIV Transcription
Authors: Sara Pagans, Steven E. Kauder, Katrin Kaehlcke, Naoki Sakane, Sebastian Schroeder, Wilma Dormeyer, Raymond C. Trievel, Eric Verdin, Martina Schnolzer, Melanie Ott
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
SUDDEN DEATH FROM THE REMOVAL OF PLEURITIC FLUID.
Authors: EVERETT MINGUS
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Under ordinary conditions the removal of one-half of a pleuritic effusion is seldom attended with any risk, but the following case illustrates very clearly how removal of even this amount may be attended with rapidly fatal results and shows the necessity of proceeding cautiously in performing this simple operation when certain pathologic conditions are present. <h3>Patient.</h3> —R. M., aged 27, weight 190, well nourished and good muscular development; occupation, laborer; family history negative. <h3>History.</h3> —He had complained of poor heart action for 5 or 6 years. He had been treated by several physicians. About 18 months prior to his death he began to complain of a distressing dry cough, shortness of breath on exertion, general malaise and palpitation of the heart. He was again treated by a number of physicians for heart trouble until he came under the care of Dr. J. T. McCormac of Marshfield, who made a correct diagnosis of his case, viz.: pleural effusion extending to the third rib.
Allergy to insects in Japan *1III. High frequency of IgE antibody responses to insects (moth, butterfly, caddis fly, and chironomid) in patients with bronchial asthma and immunochemical quantitation of the insect-related airborne particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter
Authors: T KINO, J CHIHARA, K FUKUDA, Y SASAKI, Y SHOGAKI, S OSHIMA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1987)
THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE SURGERY OF THE STOMACH.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The triumphs which surgery has achieved over certain diseases of the stomach comprise one of the most useful and gratifying experiences which has crowned the efforts of our profession in the last decade. It has demonstrated anew that, as the hand-maiden of medicine, surgery is ever widening the limits of its helpfulness and adding new luster to its already brilliant achievements. The stomach is probably the most important viscus in the body from a surgical standpoint. It is more prone to pathologic changes that can be relieved by operation than any other portion of the alimentary tract, save its terminus. Interference with its functions are attended with the most distressing and serious results. The relative safety with which it can be exposed and manipulated goes far to render it attractive for needed surgical exploration. Its thick walls and peritoneal investment make it well adapted to suturing, and wounds and incisions
HEMODYNAMIC ALTERATIONS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. I. CARDIAC OUTPUT, MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE, TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE, “CENTRAL” AND TOTAL BLOOD VOLUMES, VENOUS PRESSURE AND AVERAGE CIRCULATION TIME 12
Authors: Edward D. Freis, Harold W. Schnaper, Robert L. Johnson, George E. Schreiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Despite its importance little is known of the hemodynamic abnormalities which accompany acute myocardial infarction in man.Aside from clinical observations, the measurement of venous pressure (1) and total blood volume (1, 2), few systematic studies have been carried out in clinical cases.The reason for this has been the impossibility of subjecting such acutely ill patients to diffi- cult or time-consuming technical procedures.However, recent studies (3, 4) indicated that the values for cardiac output obtained with the Hamil- ton dye injection method were not significantly dif- ferent from those obtained with the intravenous catheterization method using the Fick principle.It seemed probable, therefore, that the Hamilton dye method suitably modified could be used to de- termine cardiac output at the bedside in acutely ill patients.This report describes the changes ob- served using the dye injection method and other procedures in a series of cases with myocardial in- farction as compared to a group of normal sub- jects and hypertensive patients.METHODS Fourteen hemodynamic studies were carried out in 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction, eight determi-
Book Review Dyspnea: Mechanisms, Measurement, and Management (Lung Biology in Health and Disease. Vol. 208.) Second edition. Edited by Donald A. Mahler and Denis E. O'Donnell. 472 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, Fla., Taylor &amp; Francis, 2005. $199.95. 0-8247-2577-8
Authors: Abraham Guz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)