tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pentoxifylline does not protect against hyperoxic lung injury in rats
Authors: ET Naureckas, P Factor, O Benjaminov, E Hoffer, V Sriram, JI Sznajder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Hyperoxia has been used extensively as a model of acute lung injury. The drug pentoxifylline has been shown to have a protective effect in other models of lung injury. We sought to determine whether pentoxifylline protects against hyperoxic lung injury in rats by decreasing the accumulation of neutrophils within the lung. A total of 84 rats were studied. Twenty four rats were randomized into four groups. Two groups of rats were pretreated for 48 h with either pentoxifylline (20 mg.kg-1) or saline, and then exposed to &gt; 95% O2 for 60 h while treatments continued. Two groups of control rats received the same treatment regimens as the O2-exposed animals, but breathed room air. Neutrophil accumulation in the lung was quantified both by histology and myeloperoxidase activity. Lung neutrophil accumulation increased in the oxygen-exposed group receiving pentoxifylline as compared to oxygen- or air-exposed rats receiving saline injections. Total glutathione was higher in lung homogenates from the hyperoxic, pentoxifylline-treated group than in homogenates from the other three groups. To study survival, 60 rats were exposed to &gt; 95% O2 for 120 h, 30 rats were pretreated with pentoxifylline, and 30 received saline. Survival after 120 h of exposure to hyperoxia was not altered by pentoxifylline treatment (pentoxifylline treated: 6 out of 30 survived; saline treated: 2 out of 30 survived). We conclude that pentoxifylline does not reduce mortality or lung injury in rats exposed to hyperoxia and is associated with an increase in lung neutrophil accumulation.
Metabolic state of the rat liver with ethanol: Comparison ofin vivo31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with freeze clamp assessment
Authors: John H. Helzberg, Mark S. Brown, Daniel J. Smith, John C. Gore, Ellen R. Gordon
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

In vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the hepatic metabolic state in various groups of rats given ethanol, a control liquid diet or a solid chow diet. The use of selective presaturation pulses applied to the broad phosphorus resonances of immobile phospholipids permitted reliable determination of ATP/ADP ratios by quantitation of the ATP-beta and ATP-gamma peak areas. ATP/ADP ratios were depressed by both techniques in rats chronically ingesting ethanol compared to pair-fed animals consuming the control liquid diet. These differences were observed regardless of whether ethanol feeding was continued up to the time of investigation or whether it was discontinued for 24 hr prior to study. Acute alcohol administration in chow-fed rats, not previously ingesting ethanol, did not lower hepatic ATP/ADP ratios by either methodology. In all cases, liver ATP/ADP ratios assessed by 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were higher than those measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. However, parallel decreases in hepatic ATP/ADP ratios were observed with chronic ethanol consumption by both 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the biochemical method, confirming the utility of in vivo 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessment of the hepatic bioenergetic status. The difference in absolute ATP/ADP ratios by the two methods may to some degree be explained by binding effects of ADP with proteins or mitochondrial membranes, rendering it partially invisible to nuclear magnetic resonance or alternatively, by breakdown of high energy phosphate bonds with freeze clamp extraction.
Abstract P3-14-18: Result of Phase I Part of a Phase I/II Study of Lapatinib (L) Plus Oral Vinorelbine (oVNR) in Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Patients Overexpressing ErbB2
Authors: Y-S Lu, C-H Lin, Y-C Shen, CY Lan, A-L Cheng, C-S. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Lapatinib(L) is effective in overexpressing ErbB2 MBC patients. Oral vinorelbine (oVNR) has similar efficacy to that of the injection formulation and has demonstrated generally favorable tolerability. Oral medications provide convenient treatment and satisfactory life quality. We investigated the combination of L + VNR, seeking the recommended dose for further phase II studies. Methods: This open-label, single-center, single-arm phase I study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose of L+oVNR to women with ErbB2+ MBC, in progression after trastuzumab-taxane based treatment. Patients refractory to any line of anticancer treatment including vinorelbin was allowed to join in this study, except lapatinib. Cohorts of 3 patients received oral vinorelbine at escalating doses of 30-80 mg/day on day 1 and day 8 every 3 weeks (q3w) combined with lapatinib at escalating doses of 1000-1250 mg/day given po continuously, with each successive cohort until the MTD (2/3, 2/6 patients experiencing dose-limiting toxicity [DLT]) was reached. Additional patients received repeated administration at the recommended dose. G-CSF as primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia was not permitted. Results: 15 patients have been enrolled. During dose escalation, 2 of 3 experienced DLT at dose level of oral vinorelbine 60mg/kg day 1 and day 8 q3w plus lapatinib 1000mg/day. One with grade 3 diarrhea and the other with prolonged grade 3 neutropenia. This dose level was declared as MTD. Therefore we stop recruiting patient into next dose level of oral vinorelbine 60mg/kg plus lapatinib 1250mg/day. Recommended dose was lapatinib 1000mg/day with oral vinorelbine 50mg/kg day 1, day 8 q3w. There is no DLT experienced in 12 patients with the dose level below MTD. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events included diarrhea, skin rash, and fatigue, mostly grade 1-2. As of June 2010, 6 patients are still on treatment. Efficacy signals in other 9 patients included 2 maintained stable disease (SD) &amp;gt; 6 months (both of them had unconfirmed PR during treatment), 1 unconfirmed partial response (PR), 1 SD &amp;lt; 6 months, and 4 progressive disease (3 of them had refractory to vinorelbine before). Phase II study with the recommended dose was just starting. Final result of the efficacy signal in phase I part and the toxicity profile of more patients receiving recommended dose will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The combination of lapatinib and oral vinorelbine is tolerable and has antitumor activity in heavily pretreated ErbB2+ MBC. Further phase II study is underway. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-18.
Ezetimibe Stimulates Intestinal Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion Via the MEK/ERK Pathway Rather Than Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition
Authors: Eugene Chang, Lisa Kim, Jung Mook Choi, Se Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Sung-Woo Park, Dong Il Park, Cheol-Young Park
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Clinicians' gut feeling about serious infections in children: observational study
Authors: A. Van den Bruel, M. Thompson, F. Buntinx, D. Mant
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the basis and added value of clinicians' "gut feeling" that infections in children are more serious than suggested by clinical assessment. <b>Design</b> Observational study. <b>Setting</b> Primary care setting, Flanders, Belgium. <b>Participants</b> Consecutive series of 3890 children and young people aged 0-16 years presenting in primary care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Presenting features, clinical assessment, doctors' intuitive response at first contact with children in primary care, and any subsequent diagnosis of serious infection determined from hospital records. <b>Results</b> Of the 3369 children and young people assessed clinically as having a non-severe illness, six (0.2%) were subsequently admitted to hospital with a serious infection. Intuition that something was wrong despite the clinical assessment of non-severe illness substantially increased the risk of serious illness (likelihood ratio 25.5, 95% confidence interval 7.9 to 82.0) and acting on this gut feeling had the potential to prevent two of the six cases being missed (33%, 95% confidence interval 4.0% to 100%) at a cost of 44 false alarms (1.3%, 95% confidence interval 0.95% to 1.75%). The clinical features most strongly associated with gut feeling were the children's overall response (drowsiness, no laughing), abnormal breathing, weight loss, and convulsions. The strongest contextual factor was the parents' concern that the illness was different from their previous experience (odds ratio 36.3, 95% confidence interval 12.3 to 107). <b>Conclusions</b> A gut feeling about the seriousness of illness in children is an instinctive response by clinicians to the concerns of the parents and the appearance of the children. It should trigger action such as seeking a second opinion or further investigations. The observed association between intuition and clinical markers of serious infection means that by reflecting on the genesis of their gut feeling, clinicians should be able to hone their clinical skills.
The "British System" of Heroin Maintenance
Authors: Walter R. Cuskey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Dr. Edward Lewis, Jr., gives his reasons for opposition to heroin maintenance programs, and somehow relates them to his personal observations and conclusions about how well the narcotic maintenance programs are working in Britain— where he seems to have found that they were apparently working quite well. If all this sounds paradoxical and confusing, that is because it is.  I have read other material by Dr. Lewis and have acquired a good deal of respect for his competence and judgment. We share many interests. We have a common concern with the raging drug problems in the United States, and we have both traveled to Britain to examine their alternatives to see what could be learned. I find Dr. Lewis' description and summary of what he found there and what he was told by officials and experts, to be altogether admirable.  He has written one of the most
Genome Database in Canada
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the Institute of Medicine
Authors: R. W. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asthma morbidity during pregnancy can be predicted by severity classification
Authors: Michael Schatz, Mitchell P. Dombrowski, Robert Wise, Elizabeth A. Thom, Mark Landon, William Mabie, Roger B. Newman, John C. Hauth, Marshall Lindheimer, Steven N. Caritis, Kenneth J. Leveno, Paul Meis, Menachem Miodovnik, Ronald J. Wapner, Richard H. Paul, Michael W. Varner, Mary Jo O'Sullivan, Gary R. Thurnau, Deborah Conway, Donald McNellis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Missense mutations abolishing DNA binding of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor OSF2/CBFA1 in cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Brendan Lee, Kannan Thirunavukkarasu, Lei Zhou, Lucio Pastore, Antonio Baldini, Jacqueline Hecht, Valeric Geoffrey, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stuart E. Sheifer, Teri A. Manolio, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

This review addresses myocardial infarctions that escape clinical recognition. It focuses on the prevalence, predisposing factors, and prognosis of these unrecognized infarctions, and incorporates data from relevant epidemiologic studies, basic science investigations, and review articles. These data indicate that at least one fourth of all myocardial infarctions are clinically unrecognized. The demographic characteristics and coronary risk factor profiles of persons with previously unrecognized myocardial infarctions appear to be similar to those of persons whose infarctions are clinically detected. Impaired symptom perception may contribute to lack of recognition, but both patients' and physicians' perceptions about the risk for myocardial infarction may also play an important role. Finally, mortality rates after unrecognized and recognized myocardial infarction are similar. Given the public health implications of unrecognized myocardial infarction, future studies should address screening strategies, risk stratification after detection of previously unrecognized myocardial infarction, and the role of standard postinfarction therapies in affected patients.
Hope for Perinatal Prevention of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Jon E. Tyson, Larry C. Gilstrap
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Address Delivered at the Royal Army Medical College on the occasion of the Prize-giving, October 29th, 1912
Authors: H. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1912)

IN addressing a company such as this, I am unfortunate in that I cannot speak from personal experience or from first-hand knowledge of the attractive combination of the nmedical and military professions to which most of my hearers belong.It is simply as a clinical teacher and lecturer for over thirty-five years in a London hospital and medical school -in which capacities I have necessarily.takenpart in the general medical education of many students who subse- quently joined the medical service of the arnmy or navy- that I am in any way qualified to speak to you on this occasion.I shall not, therefore, presume to criticize or discuss eitlher military medical education or the career to which it leads; but, instead, I will venture to make a few remarks on the history of the army surgeon and the gradual development of the Royal Army Medleal Corps.But, in the first place, allow me on behalf of my audience and myself to congratulate those of you who are the recipients of prizes to-day.These prizes ought to afford you a double gratificationfirst, because they are the rewards of industrious and
Methotrexate induced liver disease in psoriasis
Authors: G.H. MILLWARD-SADLER, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A review of the effects of folic acid antagonists in psoriasis has now been completed. All nineteen patients have had such therapy for at least i year and some for up to 10 years. Seventeen of these patients have had recent liver biopsies and another two were studied at post mortem. The biopsy find‐ings were analysed according to mode(s) of therapy. All three patients with cirrhosis and three of four with fibrosis had received significant amounts of oral methotrexate. Eight patients had received methotrexate only by parenteral injection and only one biopsy showed mild fibrosis. A possible ancillary factor is the severity of psoriasis.
Authors' reply to Sanderson and colleagues
Authors: P. Aveyard, G. Taylor, N. Lindson-Hawley, A. McNeill
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sanderson and colleagues wonder whether people try to quit smoking when mood improves and whether this could explain the association between quitting and improved mood in some of our cohorts.1 2 However, in more than half the studies, participants’ mood was assessed initially and then all attempted to quit immediately, so improved mood cannot have caused the decision to quit.

Could a third factor explain both the success of quit attempts and improvements in mood? This factor, selectively associated with quitting, would have to …
Body Size Perception and Dissatisfaction in Female Subjects of Different Ages
Authors: Gian Paolo Guaraldi, Emanuele Orlandi, Paolo Boselli, Pier Luigi Tartoni
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

The relationships between age and both body size estimation and body dissatisfaction were assessed by Distorting Television Image Method (DTIM) and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) in a sample of 96 female subjects of ages ranging from 7 to 65 years. We found that there were no significant body distortion differences between different age ranges, although the most accurate perception seemed to occur during adolescence. As far as DTIM assessment of body dissatisfaction was concerned, adolescents showed no significantly greater aesthetic preoccupation than subjects of other age groups. On the other hand, using BCS, body dissatisfaction appeared to increase proportionally with age. The low, although significant, correlations between these two techniques of measuring body dissatisfaction suggest that, in addition to evaluating aesthetic features, BCS also assesses the degree of satisfaction with functional body aspects which are exposed to unavoidable decline with ageing.
Re: Günter Niegisch, Anja Lorch, Michael J. Droller, Hugh J. Lavery, Kristian D. Stensland, Peter Albers. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Which Patients Benefit? Eur Urol 2013;64:355–7
Authors: Peter Black, Wassim Kassouf
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Natural History of Heroin-Associated Nephropathy
Authors: T. K. Sreepada Rao, Anthony D. Nicastri, Eli A. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Of 14 black heroin addicts with massive proteinuria, 12 manifested a typical syndrome including edema, hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Renal biopsies obtained in 13 patients showed focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis in 11, typically (seven of 11 patients) associated with focal glomerular deposition of IgM and β1C/β1A globulin. Deterioration of renal function was continuous and rapid, so that in all eight patients with follow-up examinations, uremia developed in six to 48 months. Although focal sclerosis may have other as yet unidentified causes (especially in children), its occurrence in 11 of 13 nephrotic heroin addicts biopsied in the absence of other systemic or renal disease indicates a causal relation to heroin abuse. The combination of focal glomerular sclerosis and IgM and β1C/β1A globulin localization in glomeruli is otherwise unusual, having been noted in only two of 400 adult renal biopsies originating from a general nephrology service. An undefined response of the addict to heroin or its vehicle may be responsible for the renal syndrome. (N Engl J Med 290:19–23, 1974)
Russia proposes strict limits on abortions to boost population
Authors: A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A bill has been introduced into the Russian parliament that would sharply curb the availability of abortions in an attempt to reverse the country’s chronic depopulation crisis.

In a controversial move backed by the Russian Orthodox church, the draft legislation proposes that the country’s public health service stop offering abortions altogether, forcing women who want an abortion to pay for one at a private clinic.

If passed, the same bill would limit advertising of abortion services to specialist magazines only and enshrine in law a doctor’s right to refuse to perform the procedure for a large number of reasons.

The most contentious part of the new …
Primary Pulmonary T-Cell Lymphoma in a Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-1 Carrier Showing Atypical Shadow
Authors: Shojiro Minomo, Takayuki Takimoto, Osamu Morimura, Akane Watanabe, Yasuhiro Nagate, Takeshi Kotake, Takako Inoue, Haruko Terada, Soichi Nakata, Kinya Abe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Effects of captopril treatment on left ventricular remodeling and function after anterior myocardial infarction: Comparison with digitalis
Authors: Domenico Bonaduce, Mario Petretta, Pasquale Arrichiello, Gabriele Conforti, Maria Vittoria Montemurro, Tiziana Attisano, Valter Bianchi, Gianfranco Morgano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)